Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quadtree-Based Triangular Mesh Generation for Finite Element Analysis of Heterogeneous Spatial Data.

Abstract. Applying mathematical models to practical situations often requires the use of discrete geometrical models of the solution domain. In some cases destructive measurements of the objects under examination is acceptable, but in several areas of research the measurements comes from imaging techniques such as X-ray, computer assisted tomography (CAT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), satellite imagery, or aerial photographs. A crucial preprocessing step for such analysis involves the extraction of measurements/features from these images, which form the basis of geometrical models and finite element mesh. In this paper, we describe a simple algorithm for triangulating the solution domain represented in images without a need for such prior feature extraction, albeit such a step may reduce the size of the resulting mesh. The proposed algorithm generates quality triangular meshes with: (a) provably good angle bounds between 26.565 o and 90 o , and (b) an aspect ratio of at most 2.5. The proposed mesh generation algorithm (imageMesher) extends the mesh generation technique of Bern et al. (1990) to images as input. Previous algorithms with shape and size bounds have all been based on triangulating domains that are either: (a) vertex set, (b) lines, (c) polygons, or (d) planar straight line graphs (PSLGs). The proposed algorithm matches their bounds, but uses a fundamentally different kind of input. The implementation of the algorithm is discussed and the theoretical bounds on the size and shape of the triangular patches are evaluated. As an intermediate result, we also describe an improved algorithm for constructing balanced quadtree. Finally, we illustrate real-time applications of the proposed approach, which demonstrates its ability to use the solution domain described in images to fit directly into the finite element analysis
Scanning gate microscopy on graphene: charge inhomogeneity and extrinsic doping

We have performed scanning gate microscopy (SGM) on graphene field effect transistors (GFET) using a biased metallic nanowire coated with a dielectric layer as a contact mode tip and local top gate. Electrical transport through graphene at various back gate voltages is monitored as a function of tip voltage and tip position. Near the Dirac point, the response of graphene resistance to the tip voltage shows significant variation with tip position, and SGM imaging displays mesoscopic domains of electron-doped and hole-doped regions. Our measurements reveal substantial spatial fluctuation in the carrier density in graphene due to extrinsic local doping from sources such as metal contacts, graphene edges, structural defects and resist residues. Our scanning gate measurements also demonstrate graphene’s excellent capability to sense the local electric field and charges.
Articulated Motion Discovery using Pairs of Trajectories

We propose a bottom-up, unsupervised method for discovering the characteristic motion patterns of a highly-articulated object class in the wild. Unlike the majority of action recognition datasets, in which human actors perform scripted actions, and/or clips are trimmed to contain a single action, our videos are unstructured, such as animals performing unscripted behaviors. The only assumption we make is that each video contain at least one instance of the object class. We leverage that the object is engaged in some (unknown) behaviors, and that such behaviors exhibit observable consistency, which we term characteristic motion patterns. Our method does not require knowledge of the number or types of behaviors, nor that instances of different behaviors be temporally segmented within a video. The output of our method is a set of video intervals, clustered according to the observed characteristic motion patterns. Each interval contains one temporally segmented instance of the pattern. Fig. 1 shows some behaviors automatically discovered in tiger videos, such as walking, turning head, and running. We identify consistency between observed motion patterns by analyzing the relative displacement of large numbers of ordered trajectory pairs (PoTs). The first trajectory in the pair defines a reference frame in which the motion of the second trajectory is measured. We preferentially sample trajectory pairs across joints, resulting in features particularly well-suited to representing fine-grained behaviors of complex, articulated objects. This has greater discriminative power than state-of-the-art features defined using single trajectories in isolation. In contrast to other popular descriptors (e.g., [2]), PoTs are appearancefree. They are defined solely by motion and so are robust to appearance variations within the object class. In cases where appearance proves beneficial for discriminating between behaviors of interest, it is easy to combine PoTs with standard appearance features.
The Relationships of SNS Use, Social Achievement Goals, and Life Satisfaction: A Study of Korean College Students

Social networking sites (SNS) provide efficient communication. However, SNS use sometimes risks a user’s life satisfaction. Based on the prior findings that one’s social orientation influences the impact of SNS use on life satisfaction, this study examined the pathways to explain how SNS use affects individuals’ life satisfaction through social achievement goals. A main path model and two gender-specified path models were tested using 438 Korean college student samples. The results showed that social development goals mediated the relationships between active SNS use and life satisfaction across all three path models. The social demonstration approach goal was positively predicted by active SNS use in the main model and the male model, but it did not predict life satisfaction in both models. The social demonstration-avoidance goal was positively predicted by active SNS use in the main and female models. Still, it negatively predicted life satisfaction in both models. Implications and directions for future study are discussed.
Online Dating, Deception, and Associated Risks: A Pilot Investigation

Online dating has become quite common among youngsters in the past decade, as it is fast-paced and opens up online conversations. Individuals preferring virtual platforms for dating are motivated to gratify and fulfill their specific needs and desires, as evident in the theory of gratification. Hence, to explore and understand the experience of online dating, deception, and associated mental health risks, a pilot investigation was conducted on adults. An exploratory survey design was used to answer the research questions; the survey tool was developed using open-ended questions based on the gratification theory. The data were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach (Braun and Clarke); primarily, the open-ended responses were categorized and coded, and later, common trends and patterns were found to conclude the themes within the data. The five major domains emerged, under which multiple themes were generated, and the results indicate that online dating serves as a convenient leisure space for meeting people with ease. Also, creating a social circle can be challenging due to mental health risks and being deceived. The motives for dating online depend on personal intentions and purposes, like colloquial exchanges. The limitations and future directions are discussed to direct the research further.
QDRL: Queue-Aware Online DRL for Computation Offloading in Industrial Internet of Things

Recently, the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has shown great application value in environmental monitoring. However, it suffers from serious bottlenecks in energy and computing capability. To address them, researchers have made lots of effort. Nevertheless, they neglect either the edge–end collaboration or the impact of task queue backlog, resulting in low system revenue. To this end, we design a queue-aware computation offloading method based on DRL (QDRL). Specifically, we represent the long-term system operation as a multistage stochastic mixed-integer optimization problem (M-SMIP), which is further converted into a deterministic problem using Lyapunov optimization. Given that the resource allocation and computation offloading in this deterministic problem are strongly coupled and difficult to solve, we decompose this problem into two subproblems. Subsequently, a reinforcement learning scheme with actor–critic architecture is designed to solve these subproblems. The Actor module is designed based on a deep learning model and quantization strategy for generating computation offloading actions. The mathematical reasoning and learning-based methods are integrated as the Critic module for achieving resource allocation. Extensive simulation results show that the performance of QDRL surpasses four baselines and approaches the approximate optimal algorithm in terms of average task queue length, normalized real computation rate, and computation time.
PENYESUAIAN DIRI PADA REMAJA YANG TINGGAL DI PANTI ASUHAN (STUDY KASUS PADA REMAJA YANG TINGGAL DI PANTI ASUHAN YATIM PIATU MUHAMMADIYAH KLATEN)

Panti asuhan adalah tempat tinggal anak-anak yatim, kemudian yatim piatu, anak terlantar, dan orang yang tidak mampu dari segi ekonomi. Bagi remaja yang harus tinggal di dalam panti asuhan, lingkungan panti asuhan adalah lingkungan sosial yang utama dalam penyesuaian diri dengan lingkunganya, maka apabila mereka tidak dapat menyesuaikan diri dengan lingkunganya, maka remaja panti akan memiliki sikap yang negative, akan tetapi sebaliknya jika remaja panti asuhan memiliki penyesuian diri yang baik, maka remaja panti akan memiliki sikap yang positife. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat gambaran penyesuaian diri remaja yang tinggal di Panti Asuhan Yatim Piatu Muhammadiyah Klaten. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian studi kasus dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Subjek penelitian adalah remaja yang tinggal di panti asuhan, berjumlah enam orang dengan rentang usia 12-21 tahun dan berjenis kelamin perempuan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengumpulan data observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa Remaja Panti Asuhan Yatim Piatu Muhammadiyah Klaten secara garis besar memiliki penyesuaian diri yang baik, walau pada awalnya remaja panti asuhan mengalami perasaan takut dan cemas ketika pertama kali berada di dalam panti asuhan akan tetapi remaja panti asuhan mengatasi hal tersebut dengan mengikuti segala bentuk aktivitas dan kegiatan yang berlangsung secara bersama-sama dan pada akhirnya remaja panti asuhan dapat menyesuaikan diri dengan baik serta menerima keadaanya yang sekarang. Remaja panti asuhan muhammadiyah klaten mampu mengatasi sebuah masalah dengan tenang dan dapat menyelesaikanya dengan musyawarah secara bersama-sama. Faktor utama yang mempengaruhi penyesuaian diri remaja panti adalah lingkungan dan kondisi panti asuhan, seperti tidak ada kelompok senior maupun junior sehingga tidak menghambat proses penyesuaian diri remaja panti asuhan. Kemudian kendala yang dihadapi remaja panti asuhan adalah sikap pengasuh yang terkadang memiliki sifat yang sangat keras sehingga membuat remaja panti asuhan menjadi takut.
Numerical models to simulate heat and mass transfer at sharp interfaces in nucleate boiling

Abstract This work describes a simulation technique for nucleate boiling that considers mass transfer with interfacial temperature gradients and a sharp interface. Interpolation functions estimate the temperature at points located in a direction normal to the interface. A linear temperature profile at the interface interpolates the temperature of the interface-cells. An interface-cells segregation algorithm avoids the interface smearing. Simulations with water at 6.2 K wall superheat show good agreement with the available experimental data on bubble growth rate. Results reveal large heat transfer coefficients over a 200 μm region near the interface. Analysis of the wall shear stress indicates an influence region around the bubble base of two-times the departure bubble diameter.
Urban Sprawl: A Comprehensive Reference Guide

Urban sprawl is an occurrence that has gained much national attention in recent years. It is not only an issue of land use, but also a legal, political, and social concern. It affects our schools, the environment, and race relations. Comprehensive enough for high school students and also appropriate for undergraduate students, this book delves into the challenges of urban sprawl by looking to some of America's top thinkers on the matter, including Robert Yaro, the President of the Regional Plan Association. Other cutting-edge articles include a preface about the emergence of sprawl by nationally syndicated columnist Neal Peirce, views about race and class by former mayor of Albuquerque David Rusk, and views from Curtis Johnson, president of the Citistates Group, about transportation dynamics. After reading a detailed definition of urban sprawl, students will then explore the dynamics, negative impact, analysis, other cross-cutting issues, and the agenda to deal with sprawl. Complete with a glossary, resources, and contact information for smart growth alliances, this book is extremely user-friendly even for students. Soule offers an unbiased viewpoint of this national event, while still keeping the information accessible to students as well as those who have little background in the matter.
International lending of last resort and moral hazard A model of IMF ’ s catalytic finance 1

It is often argued that the provision of liquidity by the international institutions such as the IMF to countries experiencing balance of payment problems can have catalytic effects on the behavior of international financial markets, i.e., it can reduce the scale of liquidity runs by inducing investors to roll over their financial claims to the country. Critics point out that official lending also causes moral hazard distortions: expecting to be bailed out by the IMF, debtor countries have weak incentives to implement good but costly policies, thus raising the probability of a crisis. This paper presents an analytical framework to study the trade-off between official liquidity provision and debtor moral hazard. In our model international financial crises are caused by the interaction of bad fundamentals, self-fulfilling runs and policies by three classes of optimizing agents: international investors, the local government and the IMF. We show how an international financial institution helps prevent liquidity runs via coordination of agents’ expectations, by raising the number of investors willing to lend to the country for any given level of the fundamental. We show that the influence of such an institution is increasing in the size of its interventions and the precision of its information: more liquidity support and better information make agents more willing to roll over their debt and reduces the probability of a crisis. Different from the conventional view stressing debtor moral hazard, we show that official lending may actually strengthen a government incentive to implement desirable but costly policies. By worsening the expected return on these policies, destructive liquidity runs may well discourage governments from undertaking them, unless they can count on contingent liquidity assistance. JEL: F33, F34, N20
Structure électronique des interfaces Co(OOOl)/MoS2 et Ni(lll)/WSe2 pour l'injection de spin dans un semi-conducteur bidimensionnel

Les monofeuillets de dichalcogenures de metaux de transition (TMDC) tels que MoS2 ou WSe2 sont des semiconducteurs bidimensionnels a gap direct, dont les allees K et K' sont inequivalentes dans la premiere zone de Brillouin : la levee de degenerescence induite par le couplage spin-orbite entre les bandes de spin up et dawn est inversee entre les vallees K et K'. Des contacts metalliques magnetiques devraient permettre une injection de spin efficace depuis une electrode magnetique vers un TMDC. Les indices de vallee (Kou K') et de spin (up ou dawn) etant fortement couples, cela permettrait de selectionner electriquement l'une ou l'autre des vallees et de realiser des dispositifs a base de TMDC pour la spintronique (exploitant le spin des electrons) ou pour la valleetronique (exploitant l'indice de vallee des electrons). Dans cette these, nous explorons les proprietes physiques des interfaces Co(OOOl)/MoS2 et Ni(lll)/WSe2 par des methodes de calcul ab-initia basees sur la theorie de la fonctionnelle de la densite. Nous demontrons la nature covalente des liaisons a l'interface entre les monofeuillets de TMDC et les surfaces magnetiques Co(OOOl) et Ni(lll). Nous decrivons la structure atomique de ces interfaces, ainsi que la modification des moments magnetiques induite par des transferts de charge electrique entre atomes. Les liaisons covalentes aux interfaces conferent aux monofeuillets de MoS2 et de WSe2 un caractere metallique. Nos calculs donnent finalement acces a la polarisation en spin au niveau de Fermi du TMDC connecte a ces electrodes magnetiques, ainsi qu'a la hauteur de la barriere Schottky (difference entre le niveau de Fermi dans la phase metallique du TMDC situe sous le contact magnetique et le bas de la bande de conduction du TMDC pur dans le canal).
Multi-Gate In-Plane Actuated NEMS Relays for Effective Complementary Logic Gate Designs

Nano electro-mechanical systems (NEMS) based combinational logic circuits have garnered attention as possible replacements for electronic logic systems in safety critical environments where conditions make the use of electronics non-ideal. The principal advantages of NEMS are the inherent near zero leakage current and ability to operate in harsh conditions where substantial parasitic field effects are present. In this work, we design and experimentally demonstrate NEMS based logic gates which utilize multi-gate relays, designed to actuate when input signals are applied to all gate terminals simultaneously. This design enables signal propagation through a single relay for NAND, NOR, and NOT gates with any number of inputs, eliminating variations of output resistance and capacitance, which affect the output generation time. Furthermore, these devices are fabricated using a conventional process requiring only one lithography step. These devices can be utilized to produce all primary logic functions. The proposed platform exclusively uses relay structures based on straight cantilevers, favoring a complementary logic, and allowing for the aforementioned improvements over current designs. The relay structures are optimized using a procedure based on COMSOL simulations. The efficacy of the logic gate designs, and corresponding optimization procedures are validated through a series of electrical tests on fabricated 3- input NAND gate structures utilizing a multi-gate relay. The tests show successful operation for input voltages ranging from 62 and 74 V thus confirming that the approach put forth in this paper can effectively constitute NEMS based complementary logic circuits, while fulfilling all constituent input and output requirements. [2023-0125]
Effect of JAK2 gene mutations on erythropoiesis using human induced pluripotent stem cells

Activating mutations affecting the JAK-STAT signal transduction is the genetic driver of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) which comprise polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET) and myelofibrosis. The JAK2p.V617F mutation can produce both erythrocytosis in PV and thrombocytosis in ET, while JAK2 exon 12 mutations cause only erythrocytosis. We hypothesized that these two mutations activated different intracellular signals. In this study, the induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were used to model JAK2-mutated MPNs. Normal iPSCs underwent lentiviral transduction to overexpress JAK2p.V617F or JAK2p. N542_E543del (JAK2exon12) under a doxycycline-inducible system. The modified iPSCs were differentiated into erythroid cells. Compared with JAK2V617F-iPSCS, JAK2exon12-iPSCs yielded more total CD71+GlycophorinA+ erythroid cells (p value = 0.007), displayed more mature morphology and expressed more adult hemoglobin after doxycycline induction. Capillary Western immunoassay revealed significantly higher phospho-STAT1 but lower phospho-STAT3 and lower Phospho-AKT in JAK2exon12-iPSCs compared with those of JAK2V617F-iPSCs in response to erythropoietin. Furthermore, interferon alpha and arsenic trioxide were tested on these modified iPSCs to explore their potentials for MPN therapy. Both agents preferentially inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of the iPSCs expressing mutant JAK2 compared with those without doxycycline induction. In conclusion, the modified iPSC model can be used to investigate the mechanisms and search for new therapy of MPNs.
History Lessons: Teaching, Learning, and Testing in U.S. High School Classrooms

Contents: Preface. Part I: Teaching History. Teaching History: Linda Strait and George Blair Teach About the U.S. Civil Rights Movement. Teaching History: The Nature of Pedagogy in History Classrooms. Part II: Learning History. Learning History: What Blair's and Strait's Students Understand About History. Learning History: The Nature of Student Understanding in History Classrooms. Part III: Testing History. Testing History: The Influence of State-Level Testing on Blair's and Strait's Practices. Testing History: The Nature of State-Level Testing in History Classrooms. Part IV: Influences on and Prospects for Ambitious Teaching. The Influences on Teachers' Classroom Decisions. Promoting Ambitious Teaching and Learning.
KERELEVANAN PENDIDIKAN LUAR DALAM SISTEM PENDIDIKAN TINGGI DI MALAYSIA

Kebelakangan ini wujud pelbagai kritikan dan desakan agar pelaksanaan program pendidikan luar dalam sistem pendidikan tinggi di Malaysia dinilai semula. Hal ini didorong oleh timbulnya beberapa isu seperti kos penganjuran yang tinggi, insiden kemalangan, perubahan sistem pendidikan yang berfokuskan peperiksaan, dan kesesuaian pendekatan pembelajaran yang menghimpit pelaksanaan pendidikan luar di Malaysia. Secara tidak langsung, faktor-faktor ini telah mendatangkan pelbagai kesan sehingga mendorong kepada penamatan beberapa program pendidikan luar yang telah sedia terlaksana. Sehubungan itu, artikel ini akan mengupas senario dan isu semasa pendidikan luar dalam sistem pendidikan tinggi di Malaysia. Seterusnya penulis akan membandingkan isu ini dengan sumbangan yang telah dimainkan oleh pendidikan luar. Akhirnya, perbincangan ini dirumuskan dengan pelbagai fakta dan sokongan kajian dalam bidang pendidikan luar yang terkini. Kata kunci: pendidikan luar, sistem pendidikan tinggi, pembelajaran melalui pengalaman
Tail expectile process and risk assessment

Expectiles define a least squares analogue of quantiles. They are determined by tail expectations rather than tail probabilities. For this reason and many other theoretical and practical merits, expectiles have recently received a lot of attention, especially in actuarial and financial risk management. Their estimation, however, typically requires to consider non-explicit asymmetric least squares estimates rather than the traditional order statistics used for quantile estimation. This makes the study of the tail expectile process a lot harder than that of the standard tail quantile process. Under the challenging model of heavy-tailed distributions, we derive joint weighted Gaussian approximations of the tail empirical expectile and quantile processes. We then use this powerful result to introduce and study new estimators of extreme expectiles and the standard quantile-based expected shortfall, as well as a novel expectile-based form of expected shortfall. Our estimators are built on general weighted combinations of both top order statistics and asymmetric least squares estimates. Some numerical simulations and applications to actuarial and financial data are provided.