Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Information visualization on large, high-resolution displays: Issues, challenges, and opportunities

Larger, higher-resolution displays are becoming accessible to a greater number of users as display technologies decrease in cost and software for the displays improves. The additional pixels are especially useful for information visualization where scalability has typically been limited by the number of pixels available on a display. But how will visualizations for larger displays need to fundamentally differ from visualizations on desktop displays? Are the basic visualization design principles different? With this potentially new design paradigm comes questions such as whether the relative effectiveness of various graphical encodings are different on large displays, which visualizations and datasets benefit the most, and how interaction with visualizations on large, high-resolution displays will need to change. As we explore these possibilities, we shift away from the technical limitations of scalability imposed by traditional displays (e.g. number of pixels) to studying the human abilities that emerge when these limitations are removed. There is much potential for information visualizations to benefit from large, high-resolution displays, but this potential will only be realized through understanding the interaction between visualization design, perception, interaction techniques, and the display technology. In this paper we present critical design issues and outline some of the challenges and future opportunities for designing visualizations for large, high-resolution displays. We hope that these issues, challenges, and opportunities will provide guidance for future research in this area.
THE NEW ZEALAND MEDICAL JOURNAL

During 2010, 407 patients with a diagnosis of heart failure had baseline data collected (50% male, 54% NZ European and 31% Māori). The median age at HF diagnosis was 66.5 years; Non Māori 70 years and Māori 61 years. Only one in three at baseline had a BNP test and /or echo within a year of their diagnosis. Of the 270 who have been assessed by the service; 132 (50%) had a clinic review, 14% had HF but no input was required, and 20% did not have a HF diagnosis. Of the 132 reviewed in their local rural clinic (99% attendance rate); 98% had an echo performed within a week prior to their review (65% of whom had not had a previous echo), and two thirds had their medication optimised.
Severe community-acquired pneumonia: Characteristics and prognostic factors in ventilated and non-ventilated patients

Background Patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP) and life-threatening acute respiratory failure may require invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Since use of IMV is often associated with significant morbidity and mortality, we assessed whether patients invasively ventilated would represent a target population for interventions aimed at reducing mortality of SCAP. Methods We prospectively recruited consecutive patients with SCAP for 12 years. We assessed the characteristics and outcomes of patients invasively ventilated at presentation of pneumonia, compared with those without IMV, and determined the influence of risks factors on mortality with a multivariate weighted logistic regression using a propensity score. Results Among 3,719 patients hospitalized with CAP, 664 (18%) had criteria for SCAP, and 154 (23%) received IMV at presentation of pneumonia; 198 (30%) presented with septic shock. In 370 (56%) cases SCAP was diagnosed based solely on the presence of 3 or more IDSA/ATS minor criteria. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the main pathogen in both groups. The 30-day mortality was higher in the IMV, compared to non-intubated patients (51, 33%, vs. 94, 18% respectively, p<0·001), and higher than that predicted by APACHE-II score (26%). IMV independently predicted 30-day mortality in multivariate analysis (adjusted odds-ratio 3·54, 95% confidence interval 1·45–8·37, p = 0·006). Other independent predictors of mortality were septic shock, worse hypoxemia and increased serum potassium. Conclusion Invasive mechanical ventilation independently predicted 30-day mortality in patients with SCAP. Patients invasively ventilated should be considered a different population with higher mortality for future clinical trials on new interventions addressed to improve mortality of SCAP.
Corruption: Who pays for the bill?

This paper intends to study who pays for corruption in Brazil from 2005 to 2011. Politicians may decide to charge the spillovers of corruption at a municipal level through taxes or to charge it to the entire country through voluntary transfers. The used measure of corruption is based on audit reports conducted on randomly selected municipalities from 2005 to 2011.In order to address this question an IV strategy was computed using as instrument for the number of observed cases of corruption the dummy variable of being audited or not. We evaluated the impact of corruption on taxes and on voluntary transfers and concluded that with an increase in the number of observed cases of corruption the first decreases and the latest registers an increase. Therefore, considering all Brazilian municipalities, mayors prefer to spread the bill all over the country than charging it locally.
The Loss and Revival of Urban Space

Based on the investigation of daily life, the paper reviewed the loss of urban space, criticized negative planning and design and, analyzed the origin of the loss of urban space. Using the cases of St. Paul and Barcelona, the paper explained the function of urban space and proposed Copenhagen as a positive example of the revival of urban space.
The Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) came into consideration in recent years as a promising, non-invasive form of neuromodulation for individuals suffering from mild cognitive impairment (MCI). MCI represents a transitional stage between normal cognitive aging and more severe cognitive decline, which appears in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease. Numerous studies have shown that tDCS can have several useful effects in patients with MCI. It is believed to enhance cognitive functions, including memory and attention, potentially slowing down the progression of neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. tDCS is believed to work by modulating neuronal activity and promoting synaptic plasticity in the brain regions associated with cognition. Moreover, tDCS is generally considered safe and well-tolerated, making it an attractive option for long-term therapeutic use in MCI. However, further research is needed to determine the optimal stimulation parameters and long-term effects of tDCS in this population, as well as its potential to serve as a complementary therapy alongside other interventions for MCI. In this review, we included 16 randomized clinical trials containing patients with MCI who were treated with tDCS. We aim to provide important evidence for the cognitive enhancement using tDCS in patients with MCI, summarizing the effects and conclusions found in several clinical trials, and discuss its main mechanisms.
Lunar water migration in the interval between large impacts: Heterogeneous delivery to Permanently Shadowed Regions, fractionation, and diffusive barriers

The migration of water molecules across the lunar surface from sources sufficiently small, so as to not generate a transient collisional atmosphere, was examined using a Monte Carlo simulation. Previous work using similar models is extended by examining a realistic distribution of large south polar Permanently Shadowed Regions (PSRs) to examine the heterogeneities observed in their water content—frost in Haworth and the nearby lowlands, but not in neighboring Shoemaker, and anomalously high hydrogen abundances from neutron data—and to determine how the pattern of water delivery can be distinguished from that predicted for transient collisional atmospheres. While the Haworth lowlands were seen to accumulate 3.9 times as much water as Shoemaker, the additional water delivered to Haworth crater was only 47% greater than Shoemaker, possibly due to shielding by Faustini and the lowlands. This relatively small difference is likely inadequate to explain the difference in frosting. More broadly, latitudinal trends in delivery dominate over meridional trends. Despite the heterogeneity in water delivery, fractionation effects from ballistic migration were small for the PSRs with equal D/H ratios seen in all PSRs within confidence limits. Finally, a diffusive barrier was observed starting at approximately 15° from each pole that hampers the poleward progress of equatorial particles. This barrier is the result of a reduction in the migration diffusivity from 1.0 × 107 m2 s−1 near the equator to 5.5 × 105 m2 s−1 within 10° of the pole and finally to 6.8 × 103 m2 s−1 within 4° of the pole.
Gamification: design models, academic achievement and pedagogical value. A second order analysis of evidence

Given the mostly inconsistent evidence on the use of gamification in educational contexts (especially in relation to learning outcomes), this 2nd order analysis aims to shed light on the current state of the art. The goal is to identify the most used design models (and their pedagogical implications), the impact on academic achievement and the pedagogical value in the context of gamification. Recent and substantial secondary studies (systematic reviews and meta-analyses) have therefore been analysed. In the field of design models, the results showed that PBL (Points, badges and leaderboards) is one of the most widely used models. As regards the effectiveness of gamification on academic achievement, the evidence showed a large and positive effect. It is worth noting that when interpreting the data the limitations of the analyzed study and its moderators must be considered, as well as the controversial transferability of evidence in different contexts in a broad sense. Finally, based on the obtained evidence, further research with a deeper analysis from a pedagogical point of view on gamification is recommended. Gamification: modelli di progettazione, risultati accademici e valore pedagogico. Analisi di secondo ordine di evidenze. Considerate le evidenze spesso discordanti in merito all’utilizzo della gamification nei contesti educativi (soprattutto in relazione ai risultati di apprendimento), la presente analisi di secondo ordine intende fare chiarezza sullo stato dell’arte attuale. L’obiettivo è conoscere i modelli di progettazione più utilizzati (e le relative implicazioni pedagogiche), l’impatto sui risultati accademici e il valore pedagogico nell’ambito della gamification. Si sono pertanto analizzati studi secondari (systematic review e meta-analysis) recenti e corposi. Nel campo dei modelli di progettazione, i risultati hanno mostrato come il PBL (Points, badges e leaderboards) sia uno dei modelli più utilizzati. In merito all'efficacia della gamification sui risultati accademici, le evidenze hanno mostrato un effetto grande e positivo (large effect). Nell’interpretazione dei dati vanno considerati anche i limiti dello studio analizzato e i suoi moderatori, oltre alla controversa trasferibilità delle evidenze nei diversi contesti in senso lato. Infine, sulla base alle evidenze riscontrate, si ritieneuspicabile un maggiore approfondimento pedagogico sulla gamification.
Critical Realism : Essential Readings

Critical realism is a movement in philosophy and the human sciences most closely associated with the work of Roy Bhaskar. Since the publication of Bhaskars A Realist Theory of Science, critical realism has had a profound influence on a wide range of subjects. This reader makes accessible, in one volume, key readings to stimulate debate about and within critical realism. It explores the following themes: * transcendental realist * the theory of explanatory critique * dialectics * Bhaskar's critical naturalist philosophy of science.
ECOLOGIA BALKANICA

Palaio Trikeri is a small 2.5 km² island in the Pagasetic gulf. We conducted the first herpetological survey on the island and confirmed the presence of 5 reptile species, specifically 4 species of lizards and 1 species of snake. Brief observations on other fauna were also made and are mentioned in the discussion. The identity of green lizards on Palaio Trikeri needs to be investigated, while further fieldwork could be carried out in the future in order to uncover the potential presence of additional species.
Characteristics and relationship of aerosol optical thickness and PM_(2.5) concentration over Beijing

The AOT (aerosol optical thickness) data,retrieved by the MODIS on Terra satellite,were compared with PM_ 2.5 mass concentration at Tsinghua University. It was shown that both AOT and PM_ 2.5 had obviously seasonal-change character,and the linear correlation coefficient between them was better in summer than in winter. After modifying weather conditions,such as RH and aerosol elevation,we always found a high correlation coefficient between AOT and PM_ 2.5 . The present study suggests that MODIS AOT is an effective means for monitoring PM air quality.
The use of multibeam and split-beam echo sounders for assessing biomass and distribution of spring-spawning Atlantic cod in the Gulf of Maine

This research focused on advancing the application of split-beam and multibeam echo sounding to remotely locate and describe spatial distribution, and to provide a relative measure of abundance of the springspawning Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in the western Gulf of Maine. Specifically, the main objectives of this research were 1) to test the feasibility of a multibeam echo sounder to detect changes in volume backscatter proportional to incrementally decreasing quantities of cod held in a submerged cage, and to compare results to a split-beam echo sounder; 2) to describe the spatio-temporal distribution and estimate biomass of springspawning cod in the Gulf of Maine cod spawning protection area (GOMCSPA) by repeated acoustic and trawl surveys; and 3) to determine a predictive relation between target strength and length for 38-kHz and 120-kHz split-beam echo sounders and a 300-kHz multibeam echo sounder, and characterize other factors affecting backscattering of sound. The multibeam echo sounder detected a small and large reduction in volume backscatter proportional to reductions in stocking density of caged cod, while the split-beam echo sounder only detected a large reduction in stocking density. The spatial information from the multibeam echo sounder helped interpret and explain results from the split-beam echo sounder. Repeated acoustic and trawl surveys showed cod were relatively widespread in the survey area in May, but congregated at higher densities in areas adjacent to two elevated bathymetric features. Most cod converged to a single location in June, and were at a higher concentration than observations in May. This congregation decreased in size and density in July. Survey estimates of cod biomass ranged 184-494 mt in May, 138-617 mt in June, and 39-135 mt in July, depending on the estimation method. Based on echo classification and extrapolation, cod biomass to the GOMCSPA ranged 260-466 mt in May, 196-513 mt in June, and 91-198 mt in July. The biomass being protected by the closure may have represented 4-5% of the GOM cod spawning stock biomass at the time of the study based on these estimates. The three echo sounders synchronously collected acoustic data of individual free-swimming captive cod, while the movements of most individuals were observed with underwater video. The standard TS-L equations were TS = 20 log10(L) -66.4 at 38 kHz, TS = 20 log10(L) -67.4 at 120 kHz, and 〈TS〉 = 20 log10(L) -71.4 at 300 kHz. The study demonstrated a significant TS-L relation at 300 kHz from aggregated data collected by a multibeam echo sounder with narrow beams over multiple beam-pointing angles and without split-beam target tracking.
SURFACE DISPLACEMENT INDUCED BY LIQUEFACTION OF THE 2011 TOHOKU-OKI EARTHQUAKE IN TOKYO BAY AREA USING INSAR ANALYSIS

2011年3月11日，東北地方太平洋沖を震源とするモーメントマグニチュード（Mw）9. 0のプレート境界地震が発生し，広範囲の地域で地盤液状化を引き起こした．本研究では，東京湾臨海域の地盤液状化に着目し，衛星リモートセンシング技術の1つである差分干渉SAR解析を用いて，液状化に伴う地盤沈下量と沈下の空間的広がりを調べることを試みた．この解析手法は，衛星によって地表変動を広域かつ高密度に測定できるのが特徴である．本研究で得られた結果と噴砂分布の現地調査の結果は整合的であることから，液状化調査のツールとして差分干渉SAR解析が有効であると分かった．
Modeling of ice pinnacle formation on Callisto

Callisto's pinnacle terrain has been interpreted to form through sublimation weathering of bedrock and subsequent deposition of the sublimated ice in local cold traps on peaks and crater rims. To investigate how these processes are affected by environmental parameters, including solar illumination and the composition and concentration of ices in the crust, we employ the MARSSIM landform evolution model and advance its treatment of the physics that underlies the relevant processes. Both ice sublimation and deposition are controlled by surface temperature, which we calculate based on energy contributions from both insolation and thermal reradiation from the surrounding landscape. We perform 4.5 Gyr duration simulations whereby we separately consider and model CO2 and H2O as the crustal ice species. We find that sublimating a crustal content of 10% CO2 ice (a reasonable but arbitrarily selected value) yields present‐day landform degradation and regolith coverage that is comparable to what is observed on Callisto. In our H2O ice simulations we reproduce the essential features of pinnacle ice distribution at both the equator and midlatitudes. Our present nominal crustal H2O ice content is 33%, which produces a maximum pinnacle ice thickness of 64 m. Pinnacle height is likely limited by collapse or mass wasting of the ice once it reaches a certain thickness.
Use it or lose it

We examine the optimality of budget policies imposed by a funding authority on a bureaucrat who operates under a fixed budget. In particular, we study a ‘use-it-or-lose-it’ policy under which the bureaucrat has to return any unspent budget without being able to ‘roll over’ any part to the next period. Instead of returning the unspent budget, the bureaucrat can go on a spending spree and engage in policy drift, which is inversely related to his motivation. The bureaucrat’s motivation represents how well matched he is with the bureaucracy’s mission. We show that a use-it-orlose-it policy is complementary to motivation as it has stronger ex ante positive incentive effects on more motivated bureaucrats. Such ex ante positive effects can overcome the ex post inefficiency of the policy and make a use-it-or-lose-it policy optimal when the bureaucrat is well matched with the bureaucracy’s mission or when its budget is large.
Optical and Structural Characterization of Epitaxial Nanoporous GaN Grown by CVD

In this paper we study the optical and structural properties of nanoporous GaN epitaxial layers grown by CVD on non-porous GaN substrates, using photoluminescence, cathodoluminescence, and resonant Raman scattering. We pay special attention to the analysis of the residual strain of the layers and the influence of the porosity in the light extraction. The nanoporous GaN epitaxial layers are under tensile strain, although the strain is progressively reduced as the deposition time and the thickness of the porous layer increases, becoming nearly strain free for a thickness of 1.7 μm. The analysis of the experimental data point to the existence of vacancy complexes as the main source of the tensile strain.
Drawing the line: Views from academic staff and skills advisors on acceptable proofreading with low proficiency writers

One of many services provided by Academic Language and Learning (ALL) institutions across Australia is allowing students with low levels of written proficiency to forward drafts of assignments prior to submission for formative feedback. The task of the ALL advisor is to suggest how an assignment could be improved, identify common errors, and highlight weaknesses without materially altering the student’s work, so that their assignment can receive a “respectful” (Shashok, 2001, p. 4) reading in terms of content from whoever ultimately grades it. Despite reluctance to describe this process as “proofreading”, that is often exactly what it is, with the fine line between editorial advice and intervention frequently crossed. This discrepancy between individual proofing practices and the broader anti-proofing ethos of the ALL community can be a source of discomfort, with advisors torn between upholding the “party line” and meeting individual student needs. It is important that proofreading as a type of support is not viewed as heretical, but as a valid pedagogical offering supported by clear institutional agreement on what constitutes acceptable proofreading. This paper reviews the literature on the ethics and efficacy of both non-directive and directive intervention in student writing. It also reports on a research study where students, ALL- and discipline-based academics reviewed examples of ALL-style commentary on student writing. The study found that proofreading per se was not regarded as an unacceptable practice by academic staff or students, though there was divergence on what types of comments were helpful and which were ethically problematic in terms of “voice” and “ownership”. The study elucidates correspondences and differences in opinion between academics, ALL advisors, and students on what constitutes unacceptable intervention in the work of low proficiency writers, with the aim of establishing supportive communities of practice around this contentious issue within ALL institutions.
Transcranial alternating current stimulation for the treatment of major depressive disorder: from basic mechanisms toward clinical applications

Non-pharmacological treatment is essential for patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) that is medication resistant or who are unable to take medications. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation method that manipulates neural oscillations. In recent years, tACS has attracted substantial attention for its potential as an MDD treatment. This review summarizes the latest advances in tACS treatment for MDD and outlines future directions for promoting its clinical application. We first introduce the neurophysiological mechanism of tACS and its novel developments. In particular, two well-validated tACS techniques have high application potential: high-definition tACS targeting local brain oscillations and bifocal tACS modulating interarea functional connectivity. Accordingly, we summarize the underlying mechanisms of tACS modulation for MDD. We sort out the local oscillation abnormalities within the reward network and the interarea oscillatory synchronizations among multiple MDD-related networks in MDD patients, which provide potential modulation targets of tACS interventions. Furthermore, we review the latest clinical studies on tACS treatment for MDD, which were based on different modulation mechanisms and reported alleviations in MDD symptoms. Finally, we discuss the main challenges of current tACS treatments for MDD and outline future directions to improve intervention target selection, tACS implementation, and clinical validations.