Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fish Species Presence and Abundance Of the Table River, 1995

A reconnaissance level survey of the Table River and its tributaries was conducted from July to September, 1995. The Table River is located in north-eastern B.C. and flows into the Parsnip River. A major component of this survey included: fish habitat (biophysical) evaluations, collecting water temperature data, and videotaping habitat features from a helicopter. Another component of this survey, and the focus of this report, was to use a combination of angling, electrofishing, and underwater fish counts to identify fish species presence and abundance of the Table River. A major emphasis was on Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus) due to its recent ranking (1995) as being critically imperilled within the Williston Reservoir watershed by the B.C. Conservation Data Centre. Captured fish in the Table River watershed include: Arctic grayling, bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus), burbot (Lota Iota), dace (Rhinichthys spp.), northern squawfish (Ptychocheilus oregonensis), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), sculpins (Cottus spp.), suckers (Catostomus spp.) and whitefish (Prosopium spp.). Angling efforts produced a total of 189 adult fish with Arctic grayling comprising 66% of the total catch. Electrofishing efforts captured a total of 964 fish, of which sculpins were the most abundant (69.6%). Numerous fish (n=3,624) were observed during a single pass underwater fish count of 23.5 km of river. Mountain whitefish comprised 73 % of this underwater count. A mark-recapture fish population estimate for Arctic grayling from km 35.5 to 32.0 from the mouth of the Table River was estimated at 251 fish. Areas of difficult fish passage exist at km 37.6, 42.7, and 54.0 from the mouth which inhibit upstream fish movement. Bull trout were the only fish species observed as far upstream as 54 . km from the mouth. Arctic grayling were only encountered in the mainstem and none were observed in the tributaries. A noticeable number of Arctic grayling were observed in reaches 3 and 4 (approximately km 32.0 to 37.6 from the mouth) of the mainstem. Further studies will be conducted in 1996 to determine the habitat preference and distribution of Arctic grayling and other fish in the Table River system.
Uncertainty of Stress Path in Fault Stability Assessment During Co2 Injection: Comparing Smeaheia 3d Geomechanics Model with Analytical Approaches

This study investigates the limitation of simplified stress path assumptions, particularly uniaxial strain conditions, in fault stability assessments for CO 2 injection sites. We conducted a 3D geomechanics simulation for the Smeaheia fault block in the Norwegian North Sea and compared the results with simplified stress path assumptions. Our results indicate that the uniaxial strain assumption underestimates the change in effective horizontal stress, particularly for bounding faults subjected to a significant change in pore pressure gradient with soft surroundings. Rotations of maximum horizontal stresses parallel to soft surroundings are also observed along the bounding faults due to the directional difference in stiffness contrast along faults. This underestimation re-sults in overestimation of fault stability by up to 60% for an extreme case. Our study thus highlights that the uniaxial strain assumption, which limits to account for lateral deformation on the fault/reservoir boundary, overlooks critical changes in the effective horizontal stress and associated critical scenarios for fault stability assessments. When bounding faults are juxtaposed with low-stiffness shale formation under a normal stress regime, calibrating the fault stability assessment by 30% for a base case and 60% for a conservative assessment can provide a practical way to correct the uncertainties caused by using uniaxial strain assumption.
Comparison and Analysis of Various Machine Learning and Deep Learning Algorithms for Malware Detection System

- People depend on the Cyberspace for their everyday tasks, and it has long been a component of people's lives. The Internet has a lot of benefits and disadvantages. When a system is connected to the Internet, then those are prone to attacks. Few attacks are noticeable, but few go unnoticed. These unnoticed attacks have a huge impact and are not easy to detect or recognize. One among those is Malware attack. In this attack, the system tends to behave differently at a slow pace. There are numerous methodologies that could be utilized to find the dangerous software. As part of this study, various works are referred to and compared with their methodology and limitations.
Producing an Improved Geographic Profile of Poverty

This paper implements a methodology for estimating poverty in Ecuador, Madagascar and South Africa, at levels of disaggregation that to date have not been available. The methodology is based on a statistical procedure to combine household survey data with population census data, imputing into the latter a measure of per capita consumption from the former. The countries are very unlike each other—with different geographies, stages of development, quality and types of data, and so on. Yet the paper demonstrates that in all three countries the poverty estimates produced from census data are both plausible (in that they match well stratum-level estimates calculated directly from the household surveys) and satisfactorily precise (at a level of disaggregation far below that allowed by household surveys).
Plankton structure a in shallow coastal zone at Admiralty Bay, King George Island, West ­Antarctic Peninsula (WAP): pico, nano and ­microplankton and chlorophyll biomass

The phytoplankton composition and biomass are being monitored in Admiralty Bay, Antarctic Peninsula since 2002 to detect possible interannual changes on a long-term perspective. In this report, we present the preliminary results of the 2009/2010 monitoring program regarding phytoplankton size-structure and biomass. Even if mean microplankton densities were similar between December 2009 and February 2010, diferent phytoplankton groups dominated each sampling period. Pennate diatoms showed highest contribution in December, whereas athecate dinoflagellates were the most abundant microplanktonic group in February. Pico and nanoplankton were only detailed during the second sampling period, and results showed that phytoplankton were dominated by cells <10 μm (~104 and 107 cells.L–1, respectively). The shift in phytoplankton structure pointed out by the dominance of picoand nano-size cells in phytoplankton and heterotrophic dinoflagellates in late summer must be confirmed by continuing the long-term monitoring program and the implementation of microvariation sampling effort to identify the factors that are actually influencing phytoplankton populations in this environment.
Estimating Propensity for Causality-based Recommendation without Exposure Data

Causality-based recommendation systems focus on the causal effects of user-item interactions resulting from item exposure (i.e., which items are recommended or exposed to the user), as opposed to conventional correlation-based recommendation. They are gaining popularity due to their multi-sided benefits to users, sellers and platforms alike. However, existing causality-based recommendation methods require additional input in the form of exposure data and/or propensity scores (i.e., the probability of exposure) for training. Such data, crucial for modeling causality in recommendation, are often not available in real-world situations due to technical or privacy constraints. In this paper, we bridge the gap by proposing a new framework, called Propensity Estimation for Causality-based Recommendation (PropCare). It can estimate the propensity and exposure from a more practical setup, where only interaction data are available without any ground truth on exposure or propensity in training and inference. We demonstrate that, by relating the pairwise characteristics between propensity and item popularity, PropCare enables competitive causality-based recommendation given only the conventional interaction data. We further present a theoretical analysis on the bias of the causal effect under our model estimation. Finally, we empirically evaluate PropCare through both quantitative and qualitative experiments.
Dropout Strategy in Reinforcement Learning: Limiting the Surrogate Objective Variance in Policy Optimization Methods

Policy-based reinforcement learning algorithms are widely used in various fields. Among them, mainstream policy optimization algorithms such as TRPO and PPO introduce importance sampling into policy iteration, which allows the reuse of historical data. However, this can also lead to high variance of the surrogate objective and indirectly affects the stability and convergence of the algorithm. In this paper, we first derived an upper bound of the surrogate objective variance, which can grow quadratically with the increase of the surrogate objective. Next, we proposed a dropout technique to avoid the excessive increase of the surrogate objective variance caused by importance sampling. Then, we introduced a general reinforcement learning framework applicable to mainstream policy optimization methods, and applied the dropout technique to the PPO algorithm to obtain the D-PPO variant. Finally, we conduct comparative experiments between D-PPO and PPO algorithms in the Atari 2600 environment, results show that D-PPO achieved significant performance improvements compared to PPO, and effectively limited the excessive increase of the surrogate objective variance during training.
Extended Report

Background Heat shock proteins (Hsps) play a role in the delivery and presentation of antigenic peptides and are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of multifactorial diseases. Objective To investigate genes encoding cytosolic Hsp70 proteins for associations of allelic variants with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods Case–control studies of two independent Caucasian SLE cohorts were performed. In a haplotype-tagging single-nucleotide polymorphism approach, common variants of HspA1L, HspA1A and HspA1B were genotyped and principal component analyses were performed for the cohort from the Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF). Relative quantifi cation of mRNA was carried out for each Hsp70 gene in healthy controls. Conditional regression analysis was performed to determine if allelic variants in Hsp70 act independently of HLA-DR3. Results On analysis of common genetic variants of HspA1L, HspA1A and HspA1B, a haplotype signifi cantly associated with SLE in the Erlangen-SLE cohort was identifi ed, which was confi rmed in the OMRF cohort. Depending on the cohorts, OR ranging from 1.43 to 1.88 and 2.64 to 3.16 was observed for individuals heterozygous and homozygous for the associated haplotype, respectively. Patients carrying the risk haplotype or the risk allele more often displayed autoantibodies to Ro and La in both cohorts. In healthy controls bearing this haplotype, the amount of HspA1A mRNA was signifi cantly increased, whereas total Hsp70 protein concentration was not altered. Conclusions Allelic variants of the Hsp70 genes are signifi cantly associated with SLE in Caucasians, independently of HLA-DR3, and correlate with the presence of autoantibodies to Ro and La. Hence, the Hsp70 gene locus appears to be involved in SLE pathogenesis. Heat shock proteins (Hsps) have been discovered as a result of their inducible expression in response to endogenous and exogenous stimuli such as elevated temperature, osmotic shock and the presence of cytotoxic agents. 1 Functionally, most Hsps act as molecular chaperones by selectively recognising and binding non-native proteins, thereby preventing irreversible aggregation under physiological and stress conditions. 2 By virtue of their peptide binding ability, this protein family Polymorphisms in the Hsp70 gene locus are genetically associated with systemic lupus erythematosus ▶ Additional data are published online only. To view these fi les please visit the journal online modulates antigen processing and presentation and also contributes to immune responses against pathogens. 3–5 Hsps are fundamental regulatory elements of cellular networks as they interact with a large number of proteins such as kinases, transcription factors and several other …
Non-Convex Weighted ‘ p Nuclear Norm based ADMM Framework for Image Restoration

Inspired by the fact that the matrix formed by nonlocal similar patches in a natural image is of low rank, the nuclear norm minimization (NNM) has been widely used in various image processing studies. Nonetheless, nuclear norm based convex surrogate of the rank function usually over-shrinks the rank components since it treats diﬀerent components equally, and thus may produce a result far from the optimum. To alleviate the aforementioned limitations of the nuclear norm, in this paper we propose a new method for image restoration via the non-convex weighted ‘ p nuclear norm minimization (NCW-NNM), which is able to accurately impose the image structural sparsity and self-similarity simultaneously. To make the proposed model tractable and robust, the alternating direction method of multiplier (ADMM) framework is adopted to solve the associated non-convex minimization problem. Experimental results on various image restoration problems, including image deblurring, image inpainting and image compressive sensing (CS) recovery, demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms many current state-of-the-art methods.
CONTRASTIVE PROSODY IN SLA – AN EMPIRICAL STUDY WITH ADULT ITALIAN LEARNERS OF GERMAN

This paper presents a pronunciation training method specifically addressed to Italian learners of German. This method is centred on prosody, treated within a contrastive German-Italian framework. Correct prosodic perception is attained by correct identification of L2-suprasegmentals, achieved by monitoring L1-suprasegmentals. This effect percolates through to other levels resulting in correct German prosody and segmentals. Once learners acquire a rudimental prosodic competence, many phonological interferences disappear, suggesting that accentuation and intonation have a controlling function over syllables and segments. Empirical data illustrate the positive effects of a prosodycentred training on L2-German pronunciation. Results obtained with a preand post-test-designed analysis comparing segmentcentred with prosody-centred pronunciation training are investigated in view both of specific prosodic and segmental aspects and of motivational implications. Statistically significant different improvement rates in the two procedures give evidence of the priority of prosody in pronunciation training and thus in teaching practice in SLA and in L2 phonetic acquisition.
Take Me Home

With increasing life expectancy, the number of people with cognitive disabilities like dementia is increasing. While technological aids exist to aid them at home (e.g. assisted ambient living) or at nursing homes, research has shown that physical activity is beneficial to slowing the progress of memory decline. When leaving their home, people with dementia are at risk to forget where they live and therefore become lost. As most people use or at least carry smartphones that utilize global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) for location services, it seems logical to leverage the technology. While mapping and navigation apps such as Google Maps are helpful for a majority of people in this context, people with cognitive limitations may find them too hard to use as the respective user interface contains a large amount of elements and possible options. This thesis explores a new way of guiding individuals home by designing, implementing and evaluating two prototypes. The prototypes were initially inspired by an analog compass, or more specifically, the analogy of a needle pointing towards a predefined destination (i.e. north). However, unlike a traditional compass, the prototypes developed point towards the homes of users. The thesis first provides a brief summary on dementia before moving on to an overview of the technology behind global navigation satellite systems. The ideation process for both prototypes is covered in detail while providing an overview of the design process that led to the final versions of the prototypes. As the focus group includes people with cognitive limitations, requirements for the prototypes taking the needs of this specific group into account had to be determined first by forms of a literature study before starting with the design process. The first prototype developed is an iOS app while the second prototype is a physical device that is meant to be used in conjunction with the app. The informal evaluation suggests that the concept developed over the course of this thesis has the potential of successfully guiding individuals home as it has been positively received.
Sport and the Media: Managing the nexus

Preface Section 1: Sport Media Foundations 1. Sport and the Media: A Defining Relationship 2. The Evolution of the Nexus: Understanding the Game Section 2: Sport Media Landscapes 3. The Sport and Media Industries: Meeting the Global Players 4. Broadcast Rights and Revenue: Putting up Big Numbers 5. Sport Media Regulation: Making the Rules Section 3: Sport Media Professionals 6. Sport Journalists: Friend or Foe? 7. Sport Media Relations Practitioners: Inside the Team Section 4: Sport Media Strategies 8. Sport Media Planning and Promotion: The Foundations of Coverage 9. Sport Media Communications: Feeding the Media 10. Sport Media Interactions: Working with the Media 11. Sport and Social Media: Keeping up with the Tweets, Posts and Links 12. Major Sport Event Media Management: Controlling the Chaos 13. Managing Crises, Scandals and Reputations: Not All Publicity is Good
Avantages et inconvénients des divers modes de couverture dans les caféières au Burundi

Les conditions de culture (fortes pentes, longue saison seche, sols pauvres du cafeier Arabica au Burundi rendent indispensable l'emploi du paillage. Cependant, les ressources en paillis se font de plus en plus rares et des alternatives doivent etre envisagees. Parmi celles-ci, les legumineuses de couverture presentent une solution interessante mais aussi des inconvenients (faible biomasse produite, concurrence vis-a-vis des cafeiers), qui ont ete evalues dans des essais en centre de recherche et en milieu rural. Des solutions pour resoudre ces inconvenients sont etudiees : choix de varietes productives, techniques culturales adaptees. (Resume d'auteur)
On the innovation mechanisms of fintech start-ups: insights from Swift's innotribe competition

The emergence of nascent forms of financial technology around the globe is driven by efforts to de-construct and reimagine business models historically embedded within financial services. Entrepre-neurial endeavors to this end are diverse. Indeed, the propensity towards complexity across the fintech landscape is considerable. Bridging as it does a diverse range of financial services, markets, innovations, industry participants, infrastructures and technologies. This study aims to improve the comprehension of the global fintech landscape. It is based on the analysis of start-ups who participated in SWIFT’s Innotribe competition over a three-year period. We used cluster analysis to group 402 fintech start-up firms
Preenchimento de falhas em dados de correlação de Anomalia da altura geopotencial (500 hPa) Filling the gaps on geopotential height (500 hPa) anomaly correlation dataset

2 Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias climaticas- PPGE/UFRN Abstract This research deals with the multiple imputation of missing data of Geopotential Height Anomaly Correlation at 500 hPa. The multiple imputation was reached by using the Predictive Mean Matching (PMM) method. Outcome showed that multiple imputation (PMM) resulted in an acceptable quality of data, once the reconstructed data serie of Geopotential Height Anomaly Correlation of the global model comprises, in average, 14.8% more data in comparison to the original data serie. Also, the multiple imputation process by PMM filled the missing data with adequate quality, since they showed a strong coefficient of Pearson correlation (> 0.99) between original data serie and reconstructed data serie, for every weather prediction period considered.
Microchondrules in three unequilibrated ordinary chondrites

We report on a suite of microchondrules from three unequilibrated ordinary chondrites (UOCs). Microchondrules, a subset of chondrules that are ubiquitous components of UOCs, commonly occur in fine‐grained chondrule rims, although may also occur within matrix. Microchondrules have a variety of textures: cryptocrystalline, microporphyritic, radial, glassy. In some cases, their textures, and in many cases, their compositions, are similar to their larger host chondrules. Bulk compositions for both chondrule populations frequently overlap. The primary material that composes many of the microchondrules has compositions that are pyroxene‐normative and is similar to low‐Ca‐pyroxene phenocrysts from host chondrules; primary material rarely resembles olivine or plagioclase. Some microchondrules are composed of FeO‐rich material that has compositions similar to the bulk submicron fine‐grained rim material. These microchondrules, however, are not a common compositional type and probably represent secondary FeO‐enrichment. Microchondrules may also be porous, suggestive of degasing to form vesicles. Our work shows that the occurrence of microchondrules in chondrule rims is an important constraint that needs to be considered when evaluating chondrule‐forming mechanisms. We propose that microchondrules represent melted portions of the chondrule surfaces and/or the melt products of coagulated dust in the immediate vicinity of the larger chondrules. We suggest that, through recycling events, the outer surfaces of chondrules were heated enough to allow microchondrules to bud off as protuberances and become entrained in the surrounding dusty environment as chondrules were accreting fine‐grained rims. Microchondrules are thus byproducts of cyclic processing of chondrules in localized environments. Their occurrence in fine‐grained rims represents a snapshot of the chondrule‐forming environment. We evaluate mechanisms for microchondrule formation and hypothesize a potential link between the emergence of type II chondrules in the early solar system and the microchondrule‐bearing fine‐grained rims surrounding type I chondrules.
North Atlantic Subtropical Underwater and Its Year-to-Year Variability in Annual Subduction Rate during the Argo Period

AbstractSubtropical underwater (STUW) and its year-to-year variability in annual subduction rate are investigated using recently available Argo data in the North Atlantic. For the period of observation (2002–14), the mean annual subduction rate of the STUW is 7.3 ± 1.2 Sv (1 Sv = 106 m3 s−1) within the density range between 25.0 and 26.0 kg m−3. Once subducted, the STUW spreads in the subtropical gyre as a vertical salinity maximum. In the mean, the spatial changes in temperature and salinity of the STUW tend to compensate each other, and the density of the water mass remains rather stable near 25.5 kg m−3 in the southwestern part of the subtropical gyre. The annual subduction rate of the STUW varies from year to year, and most of this variability is due to lateral induction, which in turn is directly linked to the variability of the winter mixed layer depth. Through modulation of surface buoyancy, wind anomalies associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation are primarily responsible for this variability.