Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Crayfish Aquaculture

Crayfish have been in demand as desirable food items around the globe for centuries, and entrepreneurs have capitalized on this demand by developing and applying aquaculture principals for the intentional culture of this freshwater crustacean. The current state of the art has advanced within the last half century and is centered on a handful of species, represented by three different families, with some level of commercial production occurring on all continents except Antarctica. Procambarus clarkii (family Cambaridae), a native of south central USA, is cultured in the USA and China and easily forms the bulk of farm-raised and wild-captured crayfish globally. One North American species (Pacifastacus leniusculus) and two European species (Astacus astacus and A. leptodactylus) constitute the main cultured species from the family Astacidae and are grown in small operations throughout Europe and parts of Asia. Four species (Parastacidae), all natives of Oceania, are cultured in their native ranges and were also introduced for aquaculture in several locations around the globe. Cherax destructor and C. albidus, both commonly referred to as yabby, are medium-size crayfish and share similar life histories, whereas C. quadricarinatus (redclaw crayfish) and C. cainii (smooth marron) are larger and more valuable but have very different geographical origins. While commercial crayfish aquaculture is typically based on an extensive or semi-extensive production approach in earthen ponds, more intensive approaches may involve selective breeding, improved strains, brood or nursery phases, and use of raceways or recirculation systems. Pond size can range from 0.05 to 80 ha, depending on the species cultured. Harvesting is accomplished mainly by baited trap, although other gear and techniques are sometimes employed. Global crayfish aquaculture production has expanded significantly in the last decade, due largely to the integration of Procambarus clarkii with that of rice production in the USA and China. This integrated system of production works well because rice farming has similar requirements as crayfish aquaculture, such as clay soils, irrigation systems, and suitable climates; furthermore, the rice crop residue provides the base of the food web for furnishing sustenance to growing crayfish.
Key issues to consider in microalgae based biodiesel production

All nations have been confronted with the energy crisis due to depletion of finite fossil fuels reserves, which results an increasing global demand of biofuels for energy security, economic stability and reduction in climate change effects, and generate the opportunity to explore new biomass sources. The production of sustainable bioenergy is a challenging task in the promotion of biofuels for replacing the fossil based fuels to mitigate challenges of fossil based energy consumption. Algae might be a very promising source of biomass in this context as it sequesters a significant quantity of carbon from atmosphere and industrial gases and is also very efficient in utilizing the nutrients from industrial effluents and municipal wastewater. If developed sustainably, the algae biofuel industry may be able to provide large quantities of biofuels with potentially minimal environmental impacts. However, in order to realize this, a complete analysis of full life cycle impact of algal biofuel production in the context of issues such as water resource management, land use impact, energy balance and air emissions are very necessary. The commercial-scale production of algae requires careful consideration of many issues that can be broadly categorized into four main areas: selecting algae species that produce high oil levels and grow well in specified environments, algae growth methods, water sources and related issues, and nutrient and growth inputs.
Fault Diagnosis of Engine Abnormal Sound Based on Wavelet Transform Technique

The engine abnormal sound signal is proved to be non-stationary and carries intense background noise. In view of these characteristics, a denoising method using multilevel threshold based on the analysis of the autocorrelation of detailed coefficients is proposed. This method use discrete wavelet transform technique to decompose the signal into approximations and details. The autocorrelation sequences of the detailed coefficients are determined. According to whether the sequence reflects the autocorrelation of white noise, the threshold is determined. The time-frequency map of the denoised signal is then drawn through continuous wavelet transform. By combining the features of time domain and frequency domain, the faults can be classified. In the experimental research a simulated signal model is introduced as an example. Piston cylinder knocking and crank bearing knock. Which stand for familiar engine abnormal sounds are compared and analyzed. The result proves that the signal to noise ratio is increased and the higher- frequency useful signal is recovered. The time-frequency map can display the features corresponding to time and frequency of fault signal which offers a practical strategy for diagnosis.
Impact of Colloid Infusion on Outcomes in Patients with Septic Shock

Background: Although colloid solution has been widely used in practice, its impact on mortality in patients with septic shock remains unknown. We evaluated the association of colloid infusion with outcomes in septic shock patients.Methods: Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-III was used to identify patients with septic shock. Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to balance the baseline differences. Cox proportional hazards model, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, and logistic regression were utilized to determine the associations of colloid infusion with mortality, length of stay, and recovery of kidney function, respectively.Results: A total of 4,553 septic shock patients were studied, including 1,158 with colloid infusion, and 3,395 without colloid infusion. After PSM, 1,012 pairs of patients were matched. Significant benefits in the mortality rate were observed in the colloid group compared with the non-colloid group, with the 28-day mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 0.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.52-0.73; P < 0.001], and the 90-day mortality [HR 0.76; 95% CI 0.65-0.88; P < 0.001]. Colloid infusion was not associated with the renal function recovery [HR 1.06; 95% CI 0.87–1.29; P = 0.547] in either population. Nevertheless, subgroup analysis revealed that colloid infusion did not affect the 28-day mortality in people with sepsis of AKI stage 1. In addition, the use of dextran did not decrease the 28-day mortality (HR 1.41; 95% CI 0.19-10.59; P = 0.736). Conclusion: In septic shock patients, colloid infusion (albumin or hydroxyethyl starch) improved short-term survival, but had no clear effect on the recovery of renal function.
Requirements by Collaboration: Workshops for Defining Needs

This book shows specifically how to plan and conduct requirements workshops. These carefully organized and facilitated meetings bring business managers, technical staff, customers, and users into a setting where, together, they can discover, evolve, validate, verify, and agree upon their product needs. Not only are requirements more effectively defined through this collaboration, but the foundation is laid for good teamwork throughout the entire project.
Mass customization as a solution for the service industry

This research integrates insights from the dominantly goods focused literature on mass customization with the increased importance of the service industry by fulfilling the need for a more systematic approach in the analysis of mass customization in a service setting. Over the last few years, limited research is conducted on mass customization applied to the service industry. We present a revised framework based on the work of Bask, Lipponen, Rajahonka & Tinnila (2011), which allows for measuring mass customization on service offerings. Modularity and mass customization are presented as independent variables, based on an indepth literature analysis and a case study analysis. Results of this study show that this framework is suitable for the service industry setting. Different service offerings, being a service process at a bank, Software as a Service (SaaS) and the configuration of cars (Citroen DS-series) are scaled successfully along the developed revised 5x5 framework. By re-scaling the framework of Bask et al. (2011), this research diminishes the existing research gap of mass customized services, since the framework is no longer based solely on qualitative assumptions but also on quantitative variables. For managers this framework is a rather helpful tool to evaluate the strategic use of mass customization in offering their services to customers, and gives them great insights in the mass customization capability of their organization. This research has a limited scope, since is focuses only on the service offerings perspective and the results are based on three case studies. Future research should therefore concentrate on the validation of the results we found for the revised framework, by expanding the sample of service offerings.
Recommendations for Improving Air Force Nondestructive Inspection Technician Proficiency

Abstract : The purpose of this research was to provide recommendations for improving the proficiency of Air Force nondestructive inspection (NDI) technicians. The work was conducted in three phases. In Phase I, areas of concern were identified from the existing literature, from discussions with NDI personnel, and from observations resulting from site visits (Laughlin and Chanute Air Force Bases). Each of the 277 identified concerns was classified into one of 11 categories of variables known to affect human performance. They were consolidated and condensed to form 51 overriding concerns. Resulting concerns were rated for criticality. In Phase II, 227 possible solutions were identified or created. In Phase III, possible solutions were used as elements of recommendations which were then evaluated by an expert panel. A modified Delphi procedure was utilized to determine estimates of promise, feasibility, and cost. Resulting ratings were analyzed to provide measures of overall and relative merit.
Field-effect transistors based on two-dimensional materials for logic applications

Field-effect transistors (FETs) for logic applications, based on two representative two-dimensional (2D) materials, graphene and MoS2 , are discussed. These materials have drastically different properties and require different considerations. The unique band structure of graphene necessitates engineering of the Dirac point, including the opening of the bandgap, the doping and the interface, before the graphene can be used in logic applications. On the other hand, MoS2 is a semiconductor, and its electron transport depends heavily on the surface properties, the number of layers, and the carrier density. Finally, we discuss the prospects for the future developments in 2D material transistors.
Clock programmable if circuits for cmos software defined radio receiver and precise quadrature oscillators

The proliferation of bands, modulation formats and standards in wireless communications calls for a universal software-defined receiver (SDR) and transmitter. This digitizes the received waveforms as soon as possible to relegate as much functionality as possible to digital signal processor (DSP). The channel of interest varies from tens of KHz to tens of MHz located anywhere in the 800-MHz to 5-GHz spectrum. Traditionally, an SDR receiver is defined as one where the only analog component is an RF AID converter which digitizes the whole spectrum right at the antenna. Thus, all radio functions are realized in a programmable digital signal processor. However, to digitize all possible signals incident on the receiver, a 12-b, 12-GHz ADC is required which is not within the performance of today's ADCs. Instead, to digitize the signal using the low-cost ADCs, we envisage the SDR receiver as a signal conditioner which emphasizes the desired channel and de-emphasizes the rest. Channel selection is partially performed in analog domain and mainly accomplished in digital domain with sharp FIR channel selection filters. The approach relaxes the analog filter, which should then only attenuate interferers to the extent that ADC can resolve the wanted signal and residual interferes without being overloaded. This filter must also provide strong anti-aliasing at ADC sampling frequency and its integer multiples and should have clock-programmable cutoff frequency over orders of magnitude. Majority of this work is to design and implement such anti-aliasing pre-filters. The rest of this work is dedicated to generate accurate and low-noise quadrature signals. The conventional quadrature oscillator (QOSC) is modified by inserting phase-shifters between the two oscillator cores. Based on the two novel analytical approaches, geometrical/phasor-based and injection pulling/locking, it is verified that the modified QOSC has a single-mode oscillation with zero or minimum sensitivity to mismatches. The presented modified QOSC has also less phase-noise compared to the conventional design without phase-shifters as well. Finally, the idea of progressive multiple mode injection in ring oscillator injection-locked dividers is introduced to widen their lock-range. Based on this idea, we present quadrature-balanced injection-locked dividers with wide lock-range.
Influence of Shell Volume on Pressure Pulsations in a Hermetic Reciprocating Compressor

In a hermetic reciprocating compressor the suction pressure pulsations affect compressor performance and noise. The pressure pulsations are created due to the dynamic flow of refrigerant through the suction valve into the cylinder bore. One dimensional (1D) acoustic method, Finite Element Method (FEM) calculated impedance transfer matrix method, and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) are three commonly used methods to calculate these pressure pulsations. With CFD being used most often to solve this type of analysis; however CFD is often time consuming and requires significant computer resources. In order to solve the pressure pulsation analyses faster, the suction plenum geometry is often simplified by reducing the model size. This simplification could lead to inaccuracies in pressure pulsation modeling. This paper will use the FEM calculated impedance transfer matrix method to analyze a hermetic HVAC reciprocating compressor to show that geometry simplifications could result in poor predictions of pressure pulsation. The FEM calculated impedance transfer matrix method was chosen due to its short solution time and the inherent ability to compare similarities and differences in the plenum’s impedances between the full geometry model and a simplified geometry model. This paper will specifically look at the influence of the compressor shell volume on calculating suction pressure pulsations. In the compressor analyzed, the compressor shell volume influences the pressure pulsation at the compressor’s first harmonic speed. A pressure pulsation at the first harmonic has the greatest influence on the compressor performance. This paper will compare measured pressure pulsations to simulated pressure pulsations. The pressure pulsations are in good agreement when the full model is analyzed but when simplifications are done to the model it fails to provide good agreement.
A Systematic Journal of Multipliers Accuracy and Performance

Low power and efficient architecture of computer arithmetic is demanded of real time Digital signal processing. Out of all arithmetic units, the multiplier is most important and frequently used arithmetic component in literature. As we know that there are many multipliers exist in the literature and everyone has his own proc-corns. But there is a gap in literature, no one gets compared all popular multiplier technique at same platform and discuss their advantages and limitations at one place. This research work outlines the most popular five multiplier techniques (like Wallace, modified, Vedic, Russian Peasant and Logarithm) and compares them, highlights merits, demerit for further improvements. This comprehensive study includes the systematic development, compares the latest design of every multiplier and justified that which one is better over other reported multiplier is also highlighted.
A review of non-deterministic analysis for power system transient stability

The status of probabilistic analysis and risk assessments for transient stability is reviewed, in terms of stochastic variables, probabilistic models, probabilistic algorithms, deterministic transient stability consequence assessments of a specifically scenario and other aspects. The principle, advantages and disadvantages of various assessment methods are summarized, and the techniques capable of decreasing computation burden are discussed. The development direction of probability and risk assessments for transient stability is also explored. It is pointed out that using sensitivity analysis to reduce the number of simulation cases will considerably decrease computational burden. It is also proposed to use the optimum control cost to reflect economic loss due to the system instability, which means using controllable outages to replace the uncontrolled outages and makes risk analysis practical.
Survival Rate and Deformation of External Hexagon Implants with One-Piece Zirconia Crowns

This study aimed to evaluate the survival rates of several external hexagon implants directly connected to zirconia crowns after thermomechanical fatigue. The deformation of the hexagons and the integrity of zirconia crowns were also evaluated. A monolithic zirconia crown (Y-TZP) and four different external hexagon dental implants (n = 10, N = 40) were mounted together and embedded in polyurethane. The specimens were subjected to thermomechanical cycling for 2.5 × 106 cycles, at 3.0 Hz frequency, at 200 N loading. The interface of the implant/zirconia crown system, zirconia crowns integrity before and after cycling, and the implant hexagon surface were evaluated under stereomicroscopy and SEM. A nanohardness analysis was performed to verify the hardness of zirconia and implants. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier test, Multi-Sample Survival Tests, Logrank Test, (p = 0.05). The data did not show significant differences in the survival rates of different implant groups. However, some crowns presented fractures (16.67%) and the external hexagon region of the implants presented plastic deformations (100%). During chewing simulation, the interface between titanium implant and zirconia abutment can promote plastic deformation in the metal and surface defects in the ceramic. In addition, the types of interface defects can be affected by the external hexagon design.
Compact modeling of Double-Gate MOSFETs

Double-Gate (DG) MOSFET is a newly emerging device that can potentially further scale down CMOS technology owing to its excellent control of short channel effects. Currently, much research effort is devoted to the development of DG MOSFETs. This dissertation focuses on the compact modeling of DG MOSFETs, aiming to extract the physics of DG MOSFETs and provide a tool for simulating DG MOSFET circuits. We start from the basic Poisson's equation and current continuity equation to rigorously derive the long-channel drain current model without the charge sheet approximation. The model is based on an analytical solution to the potential distribution at any point in the DG MOSFET. It employs one single equation to cover all the operation regions: linear, saturation, and subthreshold, continuously with no fitting parameter. Volume inversion, a non-charge-sheet phenomenon in symmetric DG MOSFETs, is accurately captured by the model. For AC and transient simulations, analytical charge and capacitance models are developed. Both symmetric and asymmetric DG MOSFET models are verified by extensive two dimensional numerical simulations. For small-geometry devices, compact models of the physical phenomena such as short channel effects are developed. In the development of the compact models, special attention is paid to ensure the model is symmetric and continuous in all the operation regions. Quantum effect is also incorporated in the long channel core model. As body doping may be needed to adjust the threshold voltage, we also studied the body doping effect on DG MOSFET and concluded that lightly doped DG MOSFETs can be modeled by adding a threshold voltage shift to the undoped DG MOSFET model. The model has been implemented into SPICE3 and Verilog-A platforms so that it can be used by circuit designers. In the implementation, Newton method is used for solving an implicit equation in the calculation of drain current. We also calibrated the model with respect to the published hardware data to affirm its consistency with the experimental I-V curves. Finally, the model has been released in public domain http ://taur.ucsd. edu/hlu for circuit simulation
Mobile learning in higher education : Students’ acceptance of mobile learning in three top Chinese universities

Introduction: Along with the swift spread of 3G and wireless network, wireless technologies are applied in many areas, especially in education. The advent of mobile learning overcomes several limitations and barriers of traditional classroom education. As for higher education in China, mobile learning is in its infancy stage. Understanding end-users’ acceptance of mobile learning is crucial, because new technological advances cannot enhance performance if they are not accepted by end-users. This study focuses on three top Chinese universities and answers the following research questions: How do students perceive mobile devices as a learning tool incorporated in class and what are their attitudes towards mobile learning? What are the motivational factors that affect students’ acceptance of mobile learning? Purpose: The purpose of this study is to test the proposed Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) in explaining students’ acceptance in three top Chinese universities. The goal of this work is to enhance the understanding of user acceptance of incorporating learning into mobile device inside and outside classes. Method: A deductive, theory-testing approach was used in this study. Eleven hypotheses were built based on a literature review and on the proposed TAM model, and were tested using primary data and literature review. Primary data was gathered via semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. The data collected through the questionnaire was analysed by Structural Equation Modeling. Conclusion: Through testing the proposed model, the authors found that students are positive towards mobile learning but they do not have a strong willingness to adopt it. The proposed TAM model can improve the understanding of students’ motivation by suggesting what factors are the most important in enhancing students acceptance of mobile learning.