Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Primary biodegradation of ionic liquid cations, identification of degradation products of 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium chloride and electrochemical wastewater treatment of poorly biodegradable compounds

We investigated the primary biodegradation of different N-imidazoles, imidazolium, pyridinium and 4-(dimethylamino)pyridinium compounds substituted with various alkyl side chains and their analogues containing functional groups principally based on OECD guideline 301 D. For the experiments we used two different types of inocula, a freeze-dried mix of bacteria and activated sludge microorganisms from a wastewater treatment plant. The aim of this study was to improve the knowledge base for the structural design of ionic liquids with respect to an increased biodegradability combined with a reduced (eco)toxicological hazard potential. We found a significant primary biodegradation for (eco)toxicologically unfavourable compounds carrying long alkyl side chains (C6 and C8). In contrast for (eco)toxicologically more recommendable imidazolium ionic liquids with short alkyl (⩽C6) and short functionalised side chains, no biological degradation could be found. The introduction of different functional groups into the side chain moiety thus offering a higher chemical reactivity did not lead to the expected improvement of the biological degradation. After an incubation period of 24 days for the 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium cation we identified different biological transformation products carrying hydroxyl, carbonyl and carboxyl groups. Furthermore, shortened side chain moieties were identified indicating the degradation of the octyl side chain via β-oxidation. Moreover, we propose an electrochemical wastewater treatment as part of an alternative disposal strategy for non-biodegradable ionic liquids. We show for the first time that the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium cation was completely destroyed within four hours using an electrolysis double-cell (volume = 1.2 L) equipped with electrodes made of iridium oxide (anode), stainless steel (cathode), and a boron-doped diamond-coated bipolar electrode. The products formed electrochemically were easily accessible to biological degradation.
Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor reduces apoptosis induction of bone marrow cells in MDS‐RA

Abstract: Background and objectives: We examined the involvement of apoptosis with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) accompanied by peripheral cytopenias despite normo‐hypercellular bone marrow. Materials and methods: Bone marrow smears from 31 patients with MDS‐refractory anemia (RA) and five normal controls were stained using the in situ end labeling (ISEL) method. Next, the inhibitory effects of a caspase‐3 inhibitor, matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor (MMPI), anti‐tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α or anti‐Fas antibody upon the apoptosis induction in overnight cultures of bone marrow cells from the patients were examined. Further, TNF‐α, transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β and soluble Fas ligand (sFasL) concentrations in culture supernatants of the cells were assessed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The incidence of ISEL‐positive cells among MDS patients was significantly higher than in normal controls (50.8 ± 14.0% vs. 11.3 ± 2.4%; P < 0.0001). A caspase‐3 inhibitor reduced significantly the ISEL‐positive rates (32.6 ± 15.2% vs. 50.2 ± 16.5%; P < 0.0001). Anti‐TNF‐α or anti‐Fas antibody reduced the ISEL‐positive rates significantly (28.2 ± 6.0%, 29.2 ± 5.8%, vs. 44.2 ± 3.4%, P < 0.001, P = 0.001, respectively). KB‐R7785 also significantly decreased the ISEL‐positive rates (18.0 ± 9.3% vs. 43.6 ± 14.0%; P < 0.0001). The concentration of TNF‐α was significantly reduced by KB‐R7785 (P < 0.05), whereas that of TGF‐β was not. Concentration of sFasL was under detectable level in the present assay system. The derivatives of KB‐R7785 that can be administrated orally showed inhibitory effect on apoptosis induction as well. Conclusions: These findings suggest that MMPIs inhibits the apoptosis induction of MDS bone marrow cells via the inhibition of TNF‐α and probably sFasL secretion, and that MMPIs can be used to control the abnormal induction of apoptosis in MDS.
Business cycle synchronisation in the EU regions

The present paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the regional business cycle synchronicity. Our study is conducted in three levels. Firstly, we analyse regional business cycle synchronization in the Euro Area, using GDP in 200 NUTS II regions for a period of 30 years (1980-2009), detrended by Hodrick–Prescott filters. Secondly, we employ a VAR type methodology as a measurement devise to examine the dynamic relationship of the regional business cycles. Our main interest is to study whether the dynamics of business cycles are different across regions with different levels of development. For this purpose, we employ a panel VAR model in order to study the transmission mechanism of the stochastic shocks on the regional business cycles. Finally, following Imbs (2004) and Tondl and Traistaru. (2006) we empirically extend the research on identifying factors which might drive regional business cycle synchronization, assessing the importance of sub-national regional variations of business cycles. In particular, we analyse the role of trade integration, the different sectoral patterns of specialisation as determinants of regional growth cycle correlations with the Euro area. We specifically draw attention to yet another possible drive of business cycle synchronisation: regional investments associated with specific special characteristics of economic activities. Panel three-stage least-squares estimation is implemented for the simultaneous equations between determinants and business cycles synchronisation.
Hybrid Human-Machine Scientiﬁc Information Extraction

5 Preliminary Work 4 5.1 χDB . 4 5.1. 1 Architecture . 4 5.1. 2 Results . 5 5.2 Tg Pipeline . 6 5.2. 1 Architecture . 7 5.2. 2 Results . 8
2 Stretched exponential relaxation in glassy systems

2 Stretched exponential relaxation in glassy systems 2 2.1 Mathematical properties of the stretched exponential . 3 2.1. 1 τ distribution . 3 2.1. 2 Behavior near zero . 5 2.1. 3 Properties of G(k)/G(τ) . 5 2.2 Barrier height distributions . 6
US Government Information Policy

7.1 Privacy . 297.1. 1 Junk email 317.2 Decency and free speech . 327.3 Contract law . 337.4 Cryptographic policy . 33
Corporate social responsibility and environmental management

M ah–A ril 2021 Review Article Trends in the dynamic evolution of board gender diversity and corporate social responsibility M. -F. Amorelli and I. -M. García-Sánchez. 537
Assessment of the Technical Preparedness of County Governments of Kenya in the Adoption of E- Procurement: A Case of Garissa County

The emergence of the internet has provided a platform that is enabling a new generation of business. It is changing the way business is done in every industry. The World Wide Web has become a source for information, goods and services. In effect, this has led to emergence of software systems. These systems are important because they provide information needed by organizations to be more effective, efficient and accurate as well as save on time and cost. The application of this systems range from allowing organizations to keep track of records and trends among others. Public Procurement and Disposal Act 2005 that saw the creation of Public Procurement Oversight Authority which bore the e-government strategy paper 2004.e - procurement was one of the medium term objectives which was to be implemented by June 2007. The government has however dragged the implementation largely due to the new political dispensation. E-procurement systems have proven benefits and its implementation is in line with the current times, the digital era. It was thus in order to establish preparedness of the county government created in the new dispensation. A survey research design was employed in this study. Procurement staff in Garissa County was the target population in this study. A research questionnaire was used for data collection . Both quantitative and qualitative methods of data analysis were used in this study. Data analysis was facilitated by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program version 20. The findings indicated that the county governments are prepared to adopt e-procurement. Given the age of the workforce which is young and dynamic and the availability of IT infrastructure, the adoption of e-procurement is likely going to be a success.
Emotional functioning in eating disorders: attentional bias, emotion recognition and emotion regulation

Background Interpersonal processes, anxiety and emotion regulation difficulties form a key part of conceptual models of eating disorders (EDs), such as anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN), but the experimental findings to support this are limited. Method The Reading the Mind in the Eyes task, the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and a computerized pictorial (angry and neutral faces) Stroop task were administered to 190 women [50 with AN, 50 with BN and 90 healthy controls (HCs)]. Results Those with an ED showed attentional biases to faces in general (medium effect), but specifically to angry faces over neutral faces (large effect) compared to HCs. The ED group also reported significantly higher emotion regulation difficulties (large effect) than HCs. There was a small difference between the ED and HC groups for the emotion recognition task (small-medium effect), particularly in the restricting AN (RAN) group. Depression and attentional bias to faces significantly predicted emotion regulation difficulties in a regression model. Conclusions The data provide support for conceptualizations of EDs that emphasize the role of emotional functioning in the development and maintenance of EDs. Further research will concentrate on exploring whether these findings are state or trait features of EDs.
Genome organization and reorganization in Tetrahymena.

INTRODUCfION . 204 Genome Constancy and Variability in Development . 204 Why Study Tetrahymena DNA? 205 Macroand micronuclei . 205 The organism . 206 Phenotypic assortment . 207 BULK PROPERTIES OF MACRO-AND MICRONUCLEAR DNA . 208 DNA Content . 208 Buoyant Density and Thermal Denaturation 209 Modified Bases . 210 Sequence Interspersion in Macronuclei 210 Kinetic Complexity 01 Macronuclear DNA 212 Comparison 01 Macroand Micronuclear DNA Sequences 213 Molecular Weight 215 SPECIFIC DNA SEQUENCES . 217 The Genes lor 26S + 17S Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) 217 Structure of macronuclear ribosomal genes 217 Number of macronuclear ribosomal genes 219 The macronuclear ribosomal gene transcription unit . 220 An intervening sequence in macronuclear rDNA . 221 Replication of macronuclear rDNA 222 Homogeneity of macronuclear rDNA 223 rDNA amplification . , 224 5S rRNA Genes . i 228 C�1 Sequences 230 Cloned DNA Sequences . 231 SUMMARY AND PROSPECfS . 232
Cardiovascular Reactivity in Adolescent Boys of Low Socioeconomic Status Previously Characterized as Anxious, Disruptive, Anxious-Disruptive or Normal during Childhood

Background: The purpose of the study was to compare cardiovascular reactivity, a potential mechanism underlying the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), in boys with different behavioral characteristics. Method: Eighty-nine adolescent boys with low socioeconomic status who were classified as anxious, disruptive, anxious-disruptive or boys without these characteristics (i.e. control) during childhood were observed during a laboratory stress experiment. Result: No significant group differences were found for resting levels of diastolic or systolic blood pressure (SBP). Anxious and anxious-disruptive boys exhibited greater SBP reactivity to the social stressor (Social Competence Interview) compared to the disruptive and control boys. The disruptive boys tended to engage in compromising behaviors which are associated with health problems. The anxious boys were significantly more likely to have a positive family history of hypertension. Conclusions: Boys with different behavioral problems (anxiety, disruptiveness) may be at risk for CVD via different mechanisms.
Hybrid model for data management and acquisition in sensor network

Different ways are used for sensor data acquisition and management in wireless and sensor network (WSN). Two major approaches for data acquisition and management are data collection and logging network models. The data collection network provides a database abstraction from the base station. It considers the whole network as a database. Meantime, the data logging network is used to log the sensor readings and metadata inside the mote itself. Data logging network is provided a database for a sensor mote. The data collection network deals with real time sensed data and data logging network deals with stored sensor data bulk. Thus, there is a gap between them when communicating with each other. There isn't any existing approach to compare real time data and historical data. Hence, the proposed model bridges the gap between data logging network and data collection network. It addresses the real-world scenarios in a reliable manner, such as historical data and metadata management. A flexible sensor network which can act as both data collection and data logging networks based upon user requirements has been not introduced yet. Therefore, a novel hybrid model is a dire need of WSN. This research proved that the cost of communication energy of the network can be reduced by using the hybrid model. Hence, the total cost will also be reduced in WSN.
Supplementary material for “ Implicit Regularization in Nonconvex Statistical Estimation : Gradient Descent Converges Linearly for Phase Retrieval and Matrix Completion ”

2 Analysis for phase retrieval 5 2.1 Step 1: characterizing local geometry in the RIC . 5 2.1. 1 Local geometry . 5 2.1. 2 Error contraction . 6 2.2 Step 2: introducing the leave-one-out sequences . 6 2.3 Step 3: establishing the incoherence condition by induction . 6 2.4 The base case: spectral initialization . 8
Text2App: A Framework for Creating Android Apps from Text Descriptions

We present Text2App -- a framework that allows users to create functional Android applications from natural language specifications. The conventional method of source code generation tries to generate source code directly, which is impractical for creating complex software. We overcome this limitation by transforming natural language into an abstract intermediate formal language representing an application with a substantially smaller number of tokens. The intermediate formal representation is then compiled into target source codes. This abstraction of programming details allows seq2seq networks to learn complex application structures with less overhead. In order to train sequence models, we introduce a data synthesis method grounded in a human survey. We demonstrate that Text2App generalizes well to unseen combination of app components and it is capable of handling noisy natural language instructions. We explore the possibility of creating applications from highly abstract instructions by coupling our system with GPT-3 -- a large pretrained language model. We perform an extensive human evaluation and identify the capabilities and limitations of our system. The source code, a ready-to-run demo notebook, and a demo video are publicly available at \url{https://github.com/text2app/Text2App}.
Design and Thermal Analysis of Linear Hybrid Excited Flux Switching Machine Using Ferrite Magnets

This paper presents a novel linear hybrid excited flux switching permanent magnet machine (LHEFSPMM) with a crooked tooth modular stator. Conventional stators are made up of a pure iron core, which results in high manufacturing costs and increased iron core losses. Using a modular stator lowers the iron volume by up to 18% compared to a conventional stator, which minimizes the core losses and reduces the machine’s overall cost. A crooked angle is introduced to improve the flux linkage between the stator pole and the mover slot. Ferrite magnets are used with parallel magnetization to reduce the cost of the machine. Two-dimensional FEA is performed to analyze and evaluate various performance parameters of the proposed machine. Geometric optimization is used to optimize the split ratio (S.R) and winding slot area (Slotarea). Genetic algorithm (GA) is applied and is used to optimize stator tooth width (STW), space between the modules (SS), crooked angle (α), and starting angle (θ). The proposed model has a high thrust density (306.61 kN/m3), lower detent force (8.4 N), and a simpler design with higher efficiency (86%). The linear modular structure makes it a good candidate for railway transportation and electric trains. Thermal analysis of the machine is performed by FEA and then the results are validated by an LPMEC model. Overall, a very good agreement is observed between both the analyses, and relative percentage error of less than 3% is achieved, which is considerable since the FEA is in 3D while 2D temperature flow is considered in the LPMEC model.
Synthesis of Graphene-based Polymer Nanocomposites and comparison of properties

Biodegradable polymers promise a more sustainable future. Among a wide range of biopolymers utilized, Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) possess better biomechanical and functional characteristics and is used in various level of applications. However, to have better suitability for biomedical applications, it is necessary to enhance the overall performance of PLA such as biodegradability, porosity, and mechanical properties. Reinforcement of the matrix material with nanofiller is a commonly used method to achieve this. Graphene is the most versatile material with exotic mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. Its combination with polymers can create wonders. Graphene-based polymer composites exhibit potential use in various fields that include energy storage, biomedical use, and environmental applications. In this work, nanocomposites of PLA with graphene derivatives like Graphene Oxide (GO) and reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) were fabricated by the solvent casting method. The composites' biological and mechanical properties were investigated and compared. Results demonstrate that the incorporation of GO and rGO enhanced the properties of PLA. The mechanical parameters of the composites with rGO were higher than those of the composites with GO in terms of tensile strength and Young's modulus. A reduction in elongation at break was observed for composites reinforced with rGO. PLA/rGO composites exhibit higher mechanical and biological properties than PLA/GO composites. The developed nanocomposite will be a promising competitor in the research arena with potential applications.
On List-Coloring and the Sum List Chromatic Number of Graphs.

iv 1 Preliminaries 1 1.1 Standard Definitions . 1 2 The List-Chromatic Number of a Graph 2 2.1 The Chromatic Number of a Graph and Brook’s Theorem . 2 2.2 Definition of List-Chromatic Number . 4 2.3 List-Extension of Brooks’ Theorem . 5 2.4 Asymptotic Bounds for χl(G) . 8 2.5 The List-Chromatic Number of Planar Graphs . 11 2.6 2-Choosability of Graphs . 17 3 The Sum Choice Number of a Graph 23 3.1 Definition and First Results . 23 3.2 Two Important Lemmas . 25 3.3 Gathering the Tools . 26 3.4 A Warm Up Before Coloring the Petersen Graph . 28 3.5 Sum-Coloring the Petersen Graph . 29 4 Concluding Remarks and Future Research 34 Bibliography 36
Logging and Tropical Forest Conservation

The international community has experimented with a range of strategies to conserve biodiversity and curb tropical deforestation. But new logging investments in primary tropical forests, including those made in the name of "sustainability," are likely to do more harm than good. Conservationists should instead focus on more investments in protected areas and creative ways to prevent the spread of logging in these rapidly-declining ecosystems.
Two Plinian Pumice-Fall Deposits from Somma-Vesuvius, Italy

Two of the major pumice-fall deposits of Somma-Vesuvius are described. One, the Pompei Pumice, resulted from the classic eruption of A.D. 79, which is taken as the type example of a Plinian eruption. The Pompei Pumice is dispersed south and southeast of the volcano and has been traced to a distance of 72 km. The other, the Avellino Pumice, is probably a thousand years older. It is dispersed to the east and northeast and has been traced to a distance of 50 km. The two deposits are remarkably similar in character, each consisting of a lower part of white pumice and an upper part of mafic gray pumice having a similar grain-size distribution. The distinction between the two deposits is based on (a) the differing proportions of felsic crystals, mafic crystals, and lithic fragments in selected sieve grades; (b) the abundance of nepheline crystals in the Avellino Pumice and their absence from the Pompei; and (c) the greater abundance of crystals in the Avellino Pumice and of lithic debris in the Pompei. The change in composition of the erupting magmas was accompanied by an increase in the vigor of each eruption, as shown by an increase in the density and size of the pumice, in the content and size of lithic fragments, and in the area of dispersal. This is correlated with an increasing depth of origin in a compositionally zoned magma chamber. Granulometric analyses of some ninety samples show that the deposits are well sorted, the sorting improving slightly with increasing distance from the source. Maps showing the median terminal fall velocity, based on the grain-size data, enable limiting values to be derived for the height of the eruptive column and the wind strength. The volume of each deposit has been estimated from the isopach maps, namely, 2.6 km 3 for the Pompei Pumice and 2.1 km 2 for the Avellino Pumice.
A consensus glossary of temporal database concepts

This document contains definitions of a wide range of concepts specific to and widely used within temporal databases. In addition to providing definitions, the document also includes separate explanations of many of the defined concepts. Two sets of criteria are included. First, all included concepts were required to satisfy four relevance criteria, and, second, the naming of the concepts was resolved using a set of evaluation criteria. The concepts are grouped into three categories: concepts of general database interest, of temporal database interest, and of specialized interest. This document is a digest of a full version of the glossary1. In addition to the material included here, the full version includes substantial discussions of the naming of the concepts.The consensus effort that lead to this glossary was initiated in Early 1992. Earlier status documents appeared in March 1993 and December 1992 and included terms proposed after an initial glossary appeared in SIGMOD Record in September 1992. The present glossary subsumes all the previous documents. It was most recently discussed at the "ARPA/NSF International Workshop on an Infrastructure for Temporal Databases," in Arlington, TX, June 1993, and is recommended by a significant part of the temporal database community. The glossary meets a need for creating a higher degree of consensus on the definition and naming of temporal database concepts.