Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MCNP6 Study of Spallation Products from 500 MeV p + 136Xe

Isotope production cross sections from the 500 MeV p + 136Xe interactions measured recently at GSI in inverse kinematics have been simulated with MCNP6 using the CEM03.03 event generator. MCNP6 reproduces reasonably well most of the measured cross sections. However, the isotopes with a charge number greater than the charge number on the target by two units is overestimated significantly by CEM03.03. We found also an underestimation for the production of isotopes in the deep spallation region, far from the target-nucleus. Further investigations and further improvement of CEM03.03 with a possible consideration of multifragmentation and fission-like binary decays are needed in order to predict well products from intermediate- and high-energy nuclear reactions far from the target-nuclei, in the deep spallation and fragmentation regions
DISCOVERY OF SMOOTHLY EVOLVING BLACKBODIES IN THE EARLY AFTERGLOW OF GRB 090618: EVIDENCE FOR A SPINE–SHEATH JET?

GRB 090618 is a bright gamma-ray burst (GRB) with multiple pulses. It shows evidence of thermal emission in the initial pulses as well as in the early afterglow phase. Because high-resolution spectral data from the Swift/X-ray Telescope (XRT) are available for the early afterglow, we investigate the shape and evolution of the thermal component in this phase using data from the Swift/Burst Alert Telescope (BAT), the Swift/XRT, and the Fermi/Gamma-ray Burst Monitor detectors. An independent fit to the BAT and XRT data reveals two correlated blackbodies with monotonically decreasing temperatures. Hence, we investigated the combined data with a model consisting of two blackbodies and a power law (2BBPL), a model suggested for several bright GRBs. We elicit the following interesting features of the 2BBPL model: (1) the same model is applicable from the peak of the last pulse in the prompt emission to the afterglow emission, (2) the ratio of temperatures and the fluxes of the two blackbodies remains constant throughout the observations, (3) the blackbody temperatures and fluxes show a monotonic decrease with time, with the BB fluxes dropping about a factor of two faster than that of the power-law (PL) emission, and (4) attributing the blackbody emission to photospheric emissions, we find that the photospheric radii increase very slowly with time, and the lower-temperature blackbody shows a larger emitting radius than that of the higher-temperature blackbody. We find some evidence that the underlying shape of the nonthermal emission is a cutoff power law rather than a PL. We sketch a spine–sheath jet model to explain our observations.
THE NEAREST ISOLATED MEMBER OF THE TW HYDRAE ASSOCIATION IS A GIANT PLANET ANALOG

In a recent search for unusually red L and T dwarfs, we identified 2MASS J11193254–1137466 as a likely young L7 dwarf and potential member of the TW Hydrae association. We present spectra that confirm the youth of this object. We also measure a radial velocity of 8.5 ± 3.3 km s−1 that, together with the sky position, proper motion, and photometric distance, results in a 92% probability of membership in the TW Hydrae association, with a calibrated field contamination probability of 0.0005% using the BANYAN II tool. Using the age of TW Hydrae and the luminosity of 2MASS J11193254–1137466, we estimate its mass to be 4.3–7.6 M Jup . It is the lowest-mass and nearest isolated member of TW Hydrae at a kinematic distance of 28.9 ± 3.6 pc, and the second-brightest isolated <10 M Jup object discovered to date.
CoB/Ni-Based Multilayer Nanowire with High-Speed Domain Wall Motion under Low Current Control

The spin-transfer torque motion of magnetic domain walls (DWs) in a CoB/Ni-based nanowire driven by a low current density of (1.12±0.8)×1011 A m-2 has been observed indirectly by magnetotransport measurements. A high DW velocity of 85±4 m/s at zero field was measured at the threshold current density. Upon increasing the current density to 2.6×1011 A m-2, the DW velocity increases to 197±16 m/s before decreasing quickly in the high-current-density regime attributed to nonadiabatic spin-transfer torque at a low damping factor and weak pinning. The addition of B atoms to the Co layers decreased the magnitude of saturation magnetization, Gilbert damping factor, and density of pinning sites, making the CoB/Ni multilayer nanowire favorable for practical applications.
VI-BAND FOLLOW-UP OBSERVATIONS OF ULTRA-LONG-PERIOD CEPHEID CANDIDATES IN M31

The ultra-long-period Cepheids (ULPCs) are classical Cepheids with pulsation periods exceeding ≈ 80 ? > days. The intrinsic brightness of ULPCs are ∼ 1 ? > to ∼ 3 ? > mag brighter than their shorter period counterparts. This makes them attractive in future distance scale work to derive distances beyond the limit set by the shorter period Cepheids. We have initiated a program to search for ULPCs in M31, using the single-band data taken from the Palomar Transient Factory, and identified eight possible candidates. In this work, we presented the VI ? > -band follow-up observations of these eight candidates. Based on our VI ? > -band light curves of these candidates and their locations in the color–magnitude diagram and the Period–Wesenheit diagram, we verify two candidates as being truly ULPCs. The six other candidates are most likely other kinds of long-period variables. With the two confirmed M31 ULPCs, we tested the applicability of ULPCs in distance scale work by deriving the distance modulus of M31. It was found to be &mgr; M 31 , ULPC = 24.30 ± 0.76 ? > mag. The large error in the derived distance modulus, together with the large intrinsic dispersion of the Period–Wesenheit (PW) relation and the small number of ULPCs in a given host galaxy, means that the question of the suitability of ULPCs as standard candles is still open. Further work is needed to enlarge the sample of calibrating ULPCs and reduce the intrinsic dispersion of the PW relation before re-considering ULPCs as suitable distance indicators.
GHZ state generation of three Josephson qubits in the presence of bosonic baths

We analyse an entangling protocol to generate tripartite Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states in a system consisting of three superconducting qubits with pairwise coupling. The dynamics of the open quantum system is investigated by taking into account the interaction of each qubit with an independent bosonic bath with an ohmic spectral structure. To this end, a microscopic master equation is constructed and exactly solved. We find that the protocol discussed here is stable against decoherence and dissipation due to the presence of the external baths.
M-T2-assisted on-shell reconstruction of missing momenta and its application to spin measurement at the LHC

We propose a scheme to assign a 4-momentum to each WIMP in new physics event producing a pair of mother particles each of which decays to an invisible weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) plus some visible particle(s). The transverse components are given by the value that determines the event variable M{sub T2}, while the longitudinal component is determined by the on-shell condition on the mother particle. Although it does not give the true WIMP momentum in general, this M{sub T2}-assisted on-shell reconstruction of missing momenta provides kinematic variables well correlated to the true WIMP momentum and thus can be useful for an experimental determination of new particle properties. We apply this scheme to some processes to measure the mother particle spin and find that spin determination is possible even without good knowledge of the new particle masses.
A Survey Of Typical Machine Learning Based Motion Planning Algorithms For Robotics

: The planning of collision-free motions among a set of obstacles is a fundamental task in robotics. Learning-based motion planning techniques have recently demonstrated notable benefits in resolving various planning issues in high-dimensional spaces and challenging environments. This article provides a summary of numerous learning-based approaches that Robot motion planning issues have been addressed using supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning techniques. These learning-based approaches either make use of For some activities, humans have designed rewards, or they can learn from successful planning experiences. The traditional notion of motion planning and definitions linked to learning are presented in this article. The introduction of various learning-based motion planning algorithms and the fusion of traditional motion planning with learning techniques are well described
A Generalized Sylvester Problem and a Generalized Fermat-Torricelli Problem

In this paper, we introduce and study the following problem and its further generalizations: given two finite collections of sets in a normed space, find a ball whose center lies in a given constraint set with the smallest radius that encloses all the sets in the first collection and intersects all the sets in the second one. This problem can be considered as a generalized version of the Sylvester smallest enclosing circle problem introduced in the 19th century by Sylvester which asks for the circle of smallest radius enclosing a given set of finite points in the plane. We also consider a generalized version of the Fermat-Torricelli problem: given two finite collections of sets in a normed space, find a point in a given constraint set that minimizes the sum of the farthest distances to the sets in the first collection and shortest distances (distances) to the sets in the second collection.
Simplicity and similarity of Kirillov-Reshetikhin crystals

We show that the Kirillov-Reshetikhin crystal B^{r,s} for nonexceptional affine types is simple and have the similarity property. As a corollary of the first fact we can derive that the tensor product of KR crystals is connected. Variations of the second property are also given.
On the quasi-invariance of the Wiener measure on path spaces and the anticipative integrals over a Riemannian manifold

Some parts of stochastic analysis on curved spaces are revisted. A concise proof of the quasi-invariance of the Wiener measure on the path spaces over a Riemannian manifold is presented. The shifts are allowed to be in the Cameron-Martin space and random. The second part of the paper presents some remarks on the anticipative integrals on Riemannian manifolds.
Astrometry of H$_{2}$ O Masers in Nearby Star-Forming Regions with VERA. IV. L 1448 C

We have carried out multi-epoch VLBI observations with VERA (VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry) of the 22~GHz H$_{2}$O masers associated with a Class 0 protostar L1448C in the Perseus molecular cloud. The maser features trace the base of collimated bipolar jet driven by one of the infrared counter parts of L1448C named as L1448C(N) or L1448-mm A. We detected possible evidences for apparent acceleration and precession of the jet according to the three-dimensional velocity structure. Based on the phase-referencing VLBI astrometry, we have successfully detected an annual parallax of the H$_{2}$O maser in L1448C to be 4.31$\pm$0.33~milliarcseconds (mas) which corresponds to a distance of 232$\pm$18~pc from the Sun. The present result is in good agreement with that of another H$_{2}$O maser source NGC~1333 SVS13A in the Perseus molecular cloud, 235~pc. It is also consistent with the photometric distance, 220~pc. Thus, the distance to the western part of the Perseus molecular cloud complex would be constrained to be about 235~pc rather than the larger value, 300~pc, previously reported.
Electrical transport properties of graphene on SiO2 with specific surface structures

The mobility of graphene transferred on a SiO2/Si substrate is limited to ∼10 000 cm2V−1s−1. Without understanding the graphene/SiO2 interaction, it is difficult to improve the electrical transport properties. Although surface structures on SiO2 such as silanol and siloxane groups are recognized, the relation between the surface treatment of SiO2 and graphene characteristics has not yet been elucidated. This paper discusses the electrical transport properties of graphene on specific surface structures of SiO2 prepared by O2-plasma treatments and reoxidization.
Behavioral optimal taxation: Aspirations

I show the results of a novel simple two-period model comparing lump-sum taxes with proportional labor taxes. The difference to the classical optimal taxation literature is that people’s aspirations change from one period to another, as suggested by empirical evidence. It turns out that the policy implication from this model differs considerably from the one assuming full rationality. In the behavioral model, a lump-sum tax is much less attractive. The model does not aim to be a full-ﬂedged quantitative model, it should rather be seen as a cautionary tale about the robustness of classical optimal taxation results when deviating from full rationality.
Doubling Constructions and Tensor Product $L$-Functions: coverings of the symplectic group

In this work we develop an integral representation for the partial $L$-function of a pair $\pi\times\tau$ of genuine irreducible cuspidal automorphic representations, $\pi$ of the $m$-fold covering of Matsumoto of the symplectic group $Sp_{2n}$, and $\tau$ of a certain covering group of $GL_k$, with arbitrary $m$, $n$ and $k$. Our construction is based on the recent extension by Cai, Friedberg, Ginzburg and the author, of the classical doubling method of Piatetski-Shapiro and Rallis, from rank-$1$ twists to arbitrary rank twists. We prove a basic global identity for the integral and compute the local integrals with unramified data. Possible applications include an analytic definition of local factors for representations of covering groups, and a Shimura type lift of representations from covering groups to general linear groups.
Water Buffalo Responsiveness during Milking: Implications for Production Outputs, Reproduction Fitness, and Animal Welfare

Simple Summary Human–animal interactions in dairy species are frequent, as milking is routinely performed twice per day. When buffalo cows are stressed, even by minor changes in their milking routine, a decline in the oxytocin supply is observed, which is strongly associated with reduced milk ejection. As a consequence, a high number of farms are administrating oxytocin injections to ensure complete emptying of the udder, which in turn impairs the resumption of a new ovarian cycle and represents an animal welfare concern. The overall objective of our study was to evaluate the effects of the milking temperament of water buffaloes on milking traits, animal-based welfare indicators, and reproductive performance. We found that milking temperament of buffalo cows has a significant influence on the milk production and on milking speed, with calmer animals outperforming their nervous counterparts. No effects of the milking temperament on reproduction efficiency and animal-based welfare parameters were observed. In conclusion, selection for calmer water buffalo would result in higher milk yields and improved milk ejection, while reducing the need of oxytocin administration, which would in turn improve reproduction and animal welfare. Abstract The overall objective of this study was to evaluate the effects that milking temperament (MT) of water buffaloes has on milking traits, welfare indicators, and reproductive outputs. The study was performed on 60 multiparous buffalo cows (6.7 ± 0.6 lactations) at the beginning of their lactation (100 days in milk, DIM). Each buffalo cow was scored by two independent observers using a temperament scoring system (1: extremely calm, 2: calm, 3: alert, 4: reactive, and 5: aggressive), and then grouped as ‘calm’ (scores 1, 2, and 3; n = 42) or ‘nervous’ (scores 4 and 5; n = 18). Additionally, the milk yield at 100 DIM (MY), milking speed (MS), calving interval (CI), age at first calving (AFC), body condition score (BCS), animal-based welfare parameters, and infrared thermography data (IRT) were evaluated. The MT significantly influenced the MY (p = 0.0082), with calmer cows outperforming their nervous counterparts. The MS was significantly influenced by the MT (p = 0.0015), with calmer animals having a higher milk ejection rate. The MT of the cows had no influence on the CI, AFC, or BCS. The evidence from this study suggests that the responsiveness of buffalo cows during milking affects their milk yield and milking speed, with no associations being found for reproduction efficiency indicators or animal-based welfare indicators.
Assessing Cyber Risks of an INS Using the MITRE ATT&CK Framework

Shipping performed by contemporary vessels is the backbone of global trade. Modern vessels are equipped with many computerized systems to enhance safety and operational efficiency. One such system developed is the integrated navigation system (INS), which combines information and functions for the bridge team onboard. An INS comprises many marine components involving cyber threats and vulnerabilities. This study aims to assess the cyber risks of such components. To this end, a methodology considering the MITRE ATT&CK framework, which provides adversarial tactics, techniques, and mitigation measures, was applied by modifying for cyber risks at sea. We assessed cyber risks of 25 components on the bridge by implementing the extended methodology in this study. As a result of the assessment, we found 1850 risks. We classified our results as 1805 low, 32 medium, 9 high, and 4 critical levels for 22 components. Three components did not include any cyber risks. Scientists, ship operators, and product developers could use the findings to protect navigation systems onboard from potential cyber threats and vulnerabilities.
A first-principles investigation on the effects of magnetism on the Bain transformation of α-phase FeNi systems

The effects of magnetism on the Bain transformation of α-phase FeNi systems are investigated by using the full potential linearized augmented plane wave method based on the generalized gradient approximation. We found that Ni impurity in bcc Fe increases the lattice constant in the ferromagnetic (FM) states, but not in the nonmagnetic (NM) states. The shear modulus, G, and Young’s modulus, E, of bcc Fe are also increased by raising the concentration of nickel. All the compositions considered show high shear anisotropy, and the ratio of the bulk to shear modulus is greater than 1.75, implying ductility. The mean sound velocities in the [100] directions are greater than in the [110] directions. The Bain transformation, which is a component of martensitic transformation, has also been studied to reveal that NixFe1−x alloys are elastically unstable in the NM states, but not so in the FM states. The electronic structures explain these results in terms of the density of states at the Fermi level. It is evident .
Evaluating Monotone Circuits on Surfaces

In this paper, we study the circuit value problem for monotone Boolean circuits (that is, circuits without negation gates) when the circuits are embedded on a surface of bounded genus, and all inputs to the circuits lie on at most constantly many faces. We show that this problem can be solved in LogDCFL thus by a result of Cook [6], yielding a space-efficient ( O (log 2 n )-space) and polynomial time algorithm for the problem. It also yields a highly parallel algorithm (simultaneously O (log n )-time with polynomially many processors). This generalises the previous bound of LogDCFL on one input face planar circuits [5]. More precisely, we show that if a monotone circuit is embedded on a surface of polylogarithmic genus g and has k faces on which all the inputs are present, then the circuit can be evaluated on a CROW -PRAM (concurrent read owner write parallel random access machine) in time O ( g log( k + g ) log n ) using n O (1) many processors. Our main technical idea is a distance metric in single sink DAGs that can be computed in deterministic logarithmic space ( L ) and is useful in partitioning the circuit into subcircuits such that each one is a one-input face monotone planar circuit. We show that the partitioning procedure is in L . Thus we are able to side-step the barrier of computing the usual distance in bounded genus graphs, for which the best bound known is UL ∩ coUL [16, 28] and therefore not known to be contained in LogDCFL .
A unified scheme for scalarization in set optimization

In this work, we propose a new scheme for scalarization in set optimization studied with the Kuroiwa set appoach. First, we deﬁne an abstract scalarizing function possessing properties such as global Lipschizity, sublinearity, cone monotonicity, cone representation property, cone interior representation property and uniform positivity. Next, we use this function to deﬁne the so called signed Hausdorﬀ-type half-distances and Hausdorﬀ-type distances. As the ﬁrst applications, we obtain characterizations of Kuroiwa’s set order relations and some optimal solutions of a set optimization problem. This scheme provides a uniﬁed approach to scalarization involving diﬀerent scalarizing functions such as the Gerstewizt (Tammer) function, the Hiriart-Urruty signed distance and the function proposed by Kasimbeyli.
CHARACTERIZATION OF PHASE BEHAVIOR IN IDP SOLUTIONS BY UV-VIS SPECTROPHOTOMETRY AND PHASE VOLUME FRACTION MEASUREMENTS IN CAPILLARIES

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) play vital roles in cell signaling and regulation by changing conformation dynamically under various stimulus. Thus, it is crucial to understand their physical properties in vitro especially liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). Here, we first used UV-vis spectrophotometry to investigate two of IDPs' physical properties – transition temperature (Tt) and coacervate size. This deeper insight allows us to further understand the dynamics of phase growth. We then constructed a binodal curve in the phase diagram by measurement of volume ratios in phase separated IDP solution in glass capillaries.
Air-Writing Alphanumeric Character Recognition

— Our project develops a system that can recognize the air-written words in 3D space, and then classify the recognized character into one of the possible classes. Air-writing is the new way of writing the linguistic characters or words in free area using hand or finger movements. Writing within the air may be a method to jot down one thing in an exceedingly 3D house with our finger-tip. This project could be a combination of computer vision object chase and handwriting recognition machine learning. The air writing recognition system uses the digital camera of a pc to trace character digits written within the air by the user and then uses a convolutional neural network to classify the character and digits into one of the possible classes. Several current systems use advanced and high-priced chase setups to realize gesture recognition, however, we tend to get to form a system that may attain a similar work with a far cheaper setup.
Where is the fuzz? Undetected Lyman α nebulae around quasars at z ~ 2.3

We observed a small sample of 5 radio-quiet QSOs with integral field spectroscopy to search for possible extended emission in the Ly$\alpha$ line. We subtracted the QSO point sources using a simple PSF self-calibration technique that takes advantage of the simultaneous availability of spatial and spectral information. In 4 of the 5 objects we find no significant traces of extended Ly$\alpha$ emission beyond the contribution of the QSO nuclei itself, while in UM 247 there is evidence for a weak and spatially quite compact excess in the Ly$\alpha$ line at several kpc outside the nucleus. For all objects in our sample we estimated detection limits for extended, smoothly distributed Ly$\alpha$ emission by adding fake nebulosities into the datacubes and trying to recover them after PSF subtraction. Our observations are consistent with other studies showing that giant Ly$\alpha$ nebulae such as those found recently around some quasars are very rare. Ly$\alpha$ fuzz around typical radio-quiet QSOs is fainter, less extended and is therefore much harder to detect. The faintness of these structures is consistent with the idea that radio-quiet QSOs typically reside in dark matter haloes of modest masses.