Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On The Behavior of Thermal Vacancies in Pure Aluminum

The results are reported of an investigation of quenched‐in prismatic dislocation loops in super‐purity aluminum. Some new effects have been observed: in particular, that loops tend to be grouped in clusters containing a surplus of loops of one orientation; that more than four loop orientations are realized; and that often pairs of similarly oriented and similarly shaped loops are present in the quenched material. It is concluded that vacancies aggregate into three dimensional clusters, containing from a few to a few hundred or even thousand vacancies, before being converted into prismatic loops.
Are We Overlooking the Neurodegeneration in the Early Stage of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus without Visual Impairment or Diabetic Retinopathy: Is It Probably Occurred before Retinal Vasculature Dysfunction?

Abstract Purpose Using electrophysiology (ERG) to investigate the early alterations of retinal function in diabetic children and adolescents without diabetic retinopathy (DR) or visual impairment (VI). Methods We recorded and compared the data of full-field flicker ERGs between 59 normal subjects and 60 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) from the Children’s Hospital of Fudan University in Shanghai. Results In both groups, patients with diabetes and healthy controls were matched for age, gender, weight, height, BMI, intraocular pressure (IOP), and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Among the parameters of the outcomes of ERG, the implicit time in eyes in DM patients was significantly prolonged compared to normal eyes (p = .008, 16 Td-s; p = .000, 32 Td-s). In the case group, we found significantly positive correlation between implicit time and BMI (p < .05), as well as implicit time and axial length (AL). Conclusions The study reveals that the dysfunction of retina in DM children can be detected with ERGs. It also shows that hyperglycemia has an impact on the occurrence of neurodegeneration in the early stage of DM.
Interaction between three modes in a non-homogeneous plasma

The interaction between three modes in a non-homogeneous plasma is analyzed in a very simple situation. It is shown that, unlike the homogeneous case, and on account of the regular character of the perturbation procedure used, the problem does not call for a nonlinear algorithm. A strong interaction takes place when both pump and idler modes exist inside the plasma and all modes have wavelengths (much) smaller than the plasma non-homogeneities.
A review of the vibration and sounds of the crack of the bat and player auditory clues

The purpose of this paper is to review the state‐of‐the‐art in the acoustics of baseball. As is well known, the crack of the bat is an important phenomenon of solid wood bats and metal bats. Each has a very different sound signature. At the 148th meeting of the ASA in 2004, the author and coauthors Ken Kaliski and James Sherwood presented the results of laboratory and field tests, which showed that the spectral characteristics of radiated sound are dependent on the ball‐bat impact location and resultant bat vibration of both solid wood and tubular metal bats. These results will be reviewed together with those of other investigators in the context of player auditory clues and the player’s response in game situations.
Riparian Spiders: Sentinels of Polychlorinated Dibenzo‐p‐dioxin and Dibenzofuran–Contaminated Sediment

Polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) are persistent, toxic, and bioaccumulative. Currently, PCDD/F monitoring programs primarily use fish and birds with potentially large home ranges to monitor temporal trends over broad spatial scales; sentinel organisms that provide targeted sediment contaminant information across small geographic areas have yet to be developed. Riparian orb‐weaving spiders, which typically have small home ranges and consume primarily adult aquatic insects, are potential PCDD/F sentinels. Recent studies have demonstrated that spider tissue concentrations indicate the source and magnitude of dioxin‐like chlorinated compounds in contaminated sediments, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Our aim in the present study was to assess the utility of riparian spiders as sentinels for PCDD/F‐contaminated sediments. We measured PCDD/F (total [Σ] and homologs) in surface sediments and spiders collected from three sites within the St. Louis River basin (Minnesota and Wisconsin, USA). We then compared (1) patterns in ΣPCDD/F concentrations between sediment and spiders, (2) the distribution of homologs within sediments and spiders when pooled across sites, and (3) the relationship between sediment and spider concentrations of PCDD/F homologs across 13 stations sampled across the three sites. The ΣPCDD/F concentrations in sediment (mean ± standard error 286 591 ± 97 614 pg/g) were significantly higher than those in riparian spiders (2463 ± 977 pg/g, p < 0.001), but the relative abundance of homologs in sediment and spiders were not significantly different. Spider homolog concentrations were significantly and positively correlated with sediment concentrations across a gradient of sediment PCDD/F contamination (R2 = 0.47, p < 0.001). Our results indicate that, as has been shown for other legacy organic chemicals like PCBs, riparian spiders are suitable sentinels of PCDD/F in contaminated sediment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:414–420. © 2022 SETAC. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Weighted Projective Lines and Rational Surface Singularities

In this paper we study rational surface singularities R with star shaped dual graphs, and under very mild assumptions on the self-intersection numbers we give an explicit description of all their special Cohen-Macaulay modules. We do this by realising R as a certain Z-graded Veronese subring S^x of the homogeneous coordinate ring S of the Geigle-Lenzing weighted projective line X, and we realise the special CM modules as explicitly described summands of the canonical tilting bundle on X. We then give a second proof that these are special CM modules by comparing qgr S^x and coh X, and we also give a necessary and sufficient combinatorial criterion for these to be equivalent categories. In turn, we show that qgr S^x is equivalent to qgr of the reconstruction algebra, and that the degree zero piece of the reconstruction algebra coincides with Ringel's canonical algebra. This implies that the reconstruction algebra contains the canonical algebra, and furthermore its qgr category is derived equivalent to the canonical algebra, thus linking the reconstruction algebra of rational surface singularities to the canonical algebra of representation theory. Comment: Final version
Enhanced binding of an HU homologue under increased DNA supercoiling preserves chromosome organisation and sustains Streptomyces hyphal growth

Abstract Bacterial chromosome topology is controlled by topoisomerases and nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs). While topoisomerases regulate DNA supercoiling, NAPs introduce bends or coat DNA upon its binding, affecting DNA loop formation. Streptomyces, hyphal, multigenomic bacteria known for producing numerous clinically important compounds, use the highly processive topoisomerase I (TopA) to remove excessive negative DNA supercoils. Elongated vegetative Streptomyces cells contain multiple copies of their linear chromosome, which remain relaxed and relatively evenly distributed. Here, we explored how TopA cooperates with HupA, an HU homologue that is the most abundant Streptomyces NAP. We verified that HupA has an increased affinity for supercoiled DNA in vivo and in vitro. Analysis of mutant strains demonstrated that HupA elimination is detrimental under high DNA supercoiling conditions. The absence of HupA, combined with decreased TopA levels, disrupted chromosome distribution in hyphal cells, eventually inhibiting hyphal growth. We concluded that increased HupA binding to DNA under elevated chromosome supercoiling conditions is critical for the preservation of chromosome organisation.
Transferable Virtual-Physical Environmental Alignment With Redirected Walking

Several advanced redirected walking techniques have been proposed in recent years to improve natural walking in virtual environments. One active and important research challenge of redirected walking focuses on the alignment of virtual and physical environments by redirection gains. If both environments are aligned, physical objects appear at the same positions as their virtual counterparts. When a user arrives at such a virtual object, she can touch the corresponding physical object providing passive haptic feedback. When multiple transferable virtual or physical target positions exist, the alignment can exploit multiple options, but the process requires more complicated solutions. In this paper, we study the problem of virtual-physical environmental alignment at multiple transferable target positions, and introduce a novel reinforcement learning-based redirected walking method. We design a novel comprehensive reward function that dynamically determines virtual-physical target matching and updates virtual target weights for reward computation. We evaluate our method through various simulated experiments as well as real user tests. The results show that our method obtains less physical distance error for environmental alignment and requires fewer resets than state-of-the-art techniques.
TAMFN: Time-Aware Attention Multimodal Fusion Network for Depression Detection

In recent years, with the widespread popularity of the Internet, social media has become an indispensable part of people’s lives. People regard online social media as an essential tool for interaction and communication. Due to the convenience of data acquisition from social media, mental health research on social media has received a lot of attention. The early detection of psychological disorder based on social media can help prevent further deterioration in at-risk people. In this paper, depression detection is performed based on non-verbal (acoustics and visual) behaviors of vlog. We propose a time-aware attention-based multimodal fusion depression detection network (TAMFN) to mine and fuse the multimodal features fully. The TAMFN model is constructed by a temporal convolutional network with the global information (GTCN), an intermodal feature extraction (IFE) module, and a time-aware attention multimodal fusion (TAMF) module. The GTCN model captures more temporal behavior information by combining local and global temporal information. The IFE module extracts the early interaction information between modalities to enrich the feature representation. The TAMF module guides the multimodal feature fusion by mining the temporal importance between different modalities. Our experiments are carried out on D-Vlog dataset, and the comparative experimental results report that our proposed TAMFN outperforms all benchmark models, indicating the effectiveness of the proposed TAMFN model.
Generalized Radon transform inversions for reflectivity in anisotropic elastic media

The resolution analysis of generalized Radon transform (GRT) inversion of seismic data is carried out in general anisotropic media. The GRT inversion formula is derived from the ray-Born approximation of the wave field for volume scatterers. However, by considering scattering surfaces in the resolution analysis, rather than parameter perturbations, we show that the inversion provides a reflectivity map and reflection/transmission coefficients as functions of scattering angles and azimuths. Those coefficients can be subjected to any type of amplitude versus angle (AVA) or amplitude versus offset (AVO) analysis. By applying the inversion to Kirchhoff approximate data rather than Born approximate data, we show that the output is actually linear in the reflection coefficients and, hence, a nonlinear function of the change in medium parameters across discontinuity surfaces - the reflectors of the medium.
Possible protective effect of zinc administration on renal and cognitive changes occurring in uninephrectomized adult male Wistar rats

What is the central question of this study? Are renal changes occurring post‐nephrectomy accompanied by cognitive changes, and does early administration of zinc supplements such as ZnSO4 to uninephrectomized rats ameliorate the renal and cognitive changes if present? What is the main finding and its importance? Uninephrectomy‐induced renal changes were accompanied by species‐atypical behaviour in rats in both Morris water maze and T maze tests, together with hypozincaemia and hippocampal inflammatory and oxidative changes. Early zinc administration to uninephrectomized rats ameliorated the renal, behavioural, hippocampal and serum zinc changes.
Multi-parameter automodels and their applications

Motivated by the modelling of non-Gaussian data or positively correlated data on a lattice, extensions of Besag's automodels to exponential families with multi-dimensional parameters have been proposed recently. We provide a multiple-parameter analogue of Besag's one-dimensional result that gives the necessary form of the exponential families for the Markov random field's conditional distributions. We propose estimation of parameters by maximum pseudolikelihood and give a proof of the consistency of the estimators for the multi-parameter automodel. The methodology is illustrated with examples, in particular the building of a cooperative system with beta conditional distributions. We also indicate future applications of these models to the analysis of mixed-state spatial data. Copyright 2008, Oxford University Press.
Model of a quantum particle in spacetime

In their paper Doplicher, Fredenhagen and Roberts (DFR) proposed a simple model of a particle in quantum spacetime. We give a new formulation of the model and propose some small changes and additions which improve the physical interpretation. In particular, we show that the internal degrees of freedom e and m of the particle represent external forces acting on the particle. To obtain this result we follow a constructive approach. The model is formulated as a covariance system. It has projective representations in which not only the spacetime coordinates but also the conjugated momenta are two-by-two noncommuting. These momenta are of the form Pµ-(b/c)Aµ, where b is the charge of the particle. The electric and magnetic fields obtained from the vector potential Aµ coincide with the variables e and m postulated by DFR. Similarly, the spacetime position operators are of the form Qµ-(al2/c)Ωµ, where a is a generalized charge and l a fundamental length, and with vector potentials Ωµ which are in some sense dual w.r. t. the Aµ.
Turbulent Diffusion in Uniformly Sheared Flow

The objective of this thesis research is to further the understanding of turbulent diffusion by experimentally studying the turbulent diffusion of a plume of dye released in uniformly sheared flow generated in a water tunnel. The flow studied was nearly homogeneous but strongly anisotropic and had a turbulent Reynolds number of 150. Maps of the turbulent velocity and dye concentration were measured simultaneously using stereoscopic particle image velocimetry and planar laser-induced fluorescence. A thorough analysis of the planar laser-induced fluorescence technique was performed; several previously unconsidered sources of error were identified and corrections were proposed. The measured evolutions of the mixed velocity-concentration statistics of the plume were compared with previous studies. The turbulent scalar flux vector was related to the mean concentration gradient through a first-order gradient transport model and, for the first time in an experimental flow, all components of the turbulent diffusivity tensor were measured directly. The turbulent diffusivity tensor was found to be highly anisotropic and its streamwise component appeared to be countergradient. The relative diffusion of the plume was also investigated and the evolution of the mean square particle separation was found to be consistent with RichardsonObukhov scaling, with a value of Richardson’s constant equal to 0.35. The fine structure of the concentration field and the mixed velocity-concentration statistics were also documented. Because of the high level of intermittency of the present plume, the scalar probability density function was strongly non-Gaussian and the conditional expectations of the velocity components and the scalar dissipation, conditioned upon the scalar value, were distinctly non-linear. Lastly, the role of coherent structures on scalar diffusion was investigated and a conditional eddy analysis demonstrated that hairpin vortices were associated closely with large scalar flux events.
An Analysis of the Quasi-Nonlocal Quasicontinuum Approximation of the Embedded Atom Model

The quasi-nonlocal quasicontinuum method (QNL) is a consistent hybrid coupling method for atomistic and continuum models. Embedded atom models are empirical many-body potentials that are widely used for FCC metals such as copper and aluminum. In this paper, we consider the QNL method for EAM potentials, and we give a stability and error analysis for a chain with next-nearest neighbor interactions. We identify conditions for the pair potential, electron density function, and embedding function so that the lattice stability of the atomistic and the EAM-QNL models are asymptotically equal.
Ergodic Theorems for the Transfer Operators of Noisy Dynamical Systems

We consider stationary stochastic dynamical systems evolving on a compact metric space, by perturbing a deterministic dynamics with a random noise, added according to an arbitrary probabilistic distribution. We prove the maximal and pointwise ergodic theorems for the transfer operators associated to such systems. The results are extensions to noisy systems of some of the fundamental ergodic theorems for deterministic systems.
Evolving DNA repair synthetic lethality targets in cancer

Abstract DNA damage signaling response and repair (DDR) is a critical defense mechanism against genomic instability. Impaired DNA repair capacity is an important risk factor for cancer development. On the other hand, up-regulation of DDR mechanisms is a feature of cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy resistance. Advances in our understanding of DDR and its complex role in cancer has led to several translational DNA repair-targeted investigations culminating in clinically viable precision oncology strategy using poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in breast, ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate cancers. While PARP directed synthetic lethality has improved outcomes for many patients, the lack of sustained clinical response and the development of resistance pose significant clinical challenges. Therefore, the search for additional DDR-directed drug targets and novel synthetic lethality approaches is highly desirable and is an area of intense preclinical and clinical investigation. Here, we provide an overview of the mammalian DNA repair pathways and then focus on current state of PARP inhibitors (PARPi) and other emerging DNA repair inhibitors for synthetic lethality in cancer.
On basic graphs of symmetric graphs of valency five

A graph $\G$ is {\em symmetric} or {\em arc-transitive} if its automorphism group $\Aut(\G)$ is transitive on the arc set of the graph, and $\G$ is {\em basic} if $\Aut(\G)$ has no non-trivial normal subgroup $N$ such that the quotient graph $\G_N$ has the same valency with $\G$. In this paper, we classify symmetric basic graphs of order $2qp^n$ and valency 5, where $q<p$ are two primes and $n$ is a positive integer. It is shown that such a graph is isomorphic to a family of Cayley graphs on dihedral groups of order $2q$ with $5\di (q-1)$, the complete graph $K_6$ of order $6$, the complete bipartite graph $K_{5,5}$ of order 10, or one of the nine sporadic coset graphs associated with non-abelian simple groups. As an application, connected pentavalent symmetric graphs of order $kp^n$ for some small integers $k$ and $n$ are classified.
BEYOND ENDOSCOPY VIA THE TRACE FORMULA – III THE STANDARD REPRESENTATION

We finalize the analysis of the trace formula initiated in S. A. Altuğ [Beyond endoscopy via the trace formula-I: Poisson summation and isolation of special representations, Compos. Math.151(10) (2015), 1791–1820] and developed in S. A. Altuğ [Beyond endoscopy via the trace formula-II: asymptotic expansions of Fourier transforms and bounds toward the Ramanujan conjecture. Submitted, preprint, 2015, Available at: arXiv:1506.08911. pdf], and calculate the asymptotic expansion of the beyond endoscopic averages for the standard $L$-functions attached to weight $k\geqslant 3$ cusp forms on $\mathit{GL}(2)$ (cf. Theorem 1.1). This, in particular, constitutes the first example of beyond endoscopy executed via the Arthur–Selberg trace formula, as originally proposed in R. P. Langlands [Beyond endoscopy, in Contributions to Automorphic Forms, Geometry, and Number Theory, pp. 611–698 (The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD, 2004), chapter 22]. As an application we also give a new proof of the analytic continuation of the $L$-function attached to Ramanujan’s $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E5}$-function.
Remarks on the Hölder-continuity of solutions
to parabolic equations with conic singularities

This is a note on [10] and [5]. Using their work line by line, we prove the Holder-continuity of solutions to linear parabolic equations of mixed type, assuming the coefficient of ∂ ∂t has time-derivative bounded from above. On a Kahler manifold, this Holder estimate works when the metrics possess conic singularities along a normal crossing divisor.
Quality assessment of colour fundus and fluorescein angiography images using deep learning

Background/aims Image quality assessment (IQA) is crucial for both reading centres in clinical studies and routine practice, as only adequate quality allows clinicians to correctly identify diseases and treat patients accordingly. Here we aim to develop a neural network for automated real-time IQA in colour fundus (CF) and fluorescein angiography (FA) images. Methods Training and evaluation of two neural networks were conducted using 2272 CF and 2492 FA images, with binary labels in four (contrast, focus, illumination, shadow and reflection) and three (contrast, focus, noise) modality specific categories plus an overall quality ranking. Performance was compared with a second human grader, evaluated on an external public dataset and in a clinical trial use-case. Results The networks achieved a F1-score/area under the receiving operator characteristic/precision recall curve of 0.907/0.963/0.966 for CF and 0.822/0.918/0.889 for FA in overall quality prediction with similar results in most categories. A clear relation between model uncertainty and prediction error was observed. In the clinical trial use-case evaluation, the networks achieved an accuracy of 0.930 for CF and 0.895 for FA. Conclusion The presented method allows automated IQA in real time, demonstrating human-level performance for CF as well as FA. Such models can help to overcome the problem of human intergrader and intragrader variability by providing objective and reproducible IQA results. It has particular relevance for real-time feedback in multicentre clinical studies, when images are uploaded to central reading centre portals. Moreover, automated IQA as preprocessing step can support integrating automated approaches into clinical practice.
Locally compact groups acting on trees, the type I conjecture and non-amenable von Neumann algebras

We address the problem to characterise closed type I subgroups of the automorphism group of a tree. Even in the well-studied case of Burger-Mozes' universal groups, non-type I criteria were unknown. We prove that a huge class of groups acting properly on trees are not of type I. In the case of Burger-Mozes groups, this yields a complete classification of type I groups among them. Our key novelty is the use of von Neumann algebraic techniques to prove the stronger statement that the group von Neumann algebra of the groups under consideration is non-amenable.