Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Methods for open information extraction and sense disambiguation on natural language text

Natural language text has been the main and most comprehensive way of expressing and storing knowledge. A long standing goal in computer science is to develop systems that automatically understand textual data, making this knowledge accessible to computers and humans alike. We conceive automatic text understanding as a bottom-up approach, in which a series of interleaved tasks build upon each other. Each task achieves more understanding over the text than the previous one. In this regard, we present three methods that aim to contribute to the primary stages of this setting. Our first contribution, ClausIE, is an open information extraction method intended to recognize textual expressions of potential facts in text (e.g. “Dante wrote the Divine Comedy”) and represent them with an amenable structure for computers [(“Dante”, “wrote”, “the Divine Comedy”)]. Unlike previous approaches, ClausIE separates the recognition of the information from its representation, a process that understands the former as universal (i.e., domain-independent) and the later as application-dependent. ClausIE is a principled method that relies on properties of the English language and thereby avoids the use of manually or automatically generated training data. Once the information in text has been correctly identified, probably the most important element in a structured fact is the relation which links its arguments, a relation whose main component is usually a verbal phrase. Our second contribution, Werdy, is a word entry recognition and disambiguation method. It aims to recognize words or multi-word expressions (e.g., “Divine Comedy” is a multi-word expression) in a fact and disambiguate verbs (e.g., what does “write” mean? ). Werdy is also an unsupervised approach, mainly relying on the syntactic and semantic relation established between a verb sense and its arguments. The other key components in a structured fact are the named entities (e.g., “Dante”) that often appear in the arguments. FINET, our last contribution, is a named entity typing method. It aims to understand the types or classes of those names entities (e.g., “Dante” refers to a writer). FINET is focused on typing named entities in short inputs (like facts). Unlike previous systems, it is designed to find the types that match the entity mention context (e.g., the fact in which it appears). It uses the most comprehensive type system of any entity typing method to date with more than 16k classes for persons, organizations and locations.
Towards a second generation of inclusive research

Buchner, Tobias [Hrsg. ]; Koenig, Oliver [Hrsg. ]; Schuppener, Saskia [Hrsg. ]: Inklusive Forschung. Gemeinsam mit Menschen mit Lernschwierigkeiten forschen. Bad Heilbrunn : Klinkhardt 2016, S. 186-198 Padagogische Teildisziplin: Behindertenpadagogik; Hochschulforschung und Hochschuldidaktik; als elektronischer Volltext verfugbar
REDUCING THE OPTIMALITY GAP OF STRICTLY FUNDAMENTAL CYCLE BASES IN PLANAR GRIDS

The Minimum Cycle Basis (MCB) Problem is a classical problem in combinatorial optimization. AnO(mn + mn log n)-algorithm for this problem is known. Much faster heuristics have been examined in the context of sever al practical applications. These heuristics restrain the solution space to strictly fundame ntal cycle bases, hereby facing a significant loss in quality. We complement these experiment al studies by giving theoretical evidencewhystrictly fundamental cycle bases (SFCB) in general must be m uch worse than general MCB. Alon et al. (1995) provide the first non-trivial lower bound f or the minimum SFCB problem, which in general is NP-hard. For unweighted planar squa re grid graphs they achieve a lower bound of ln 2 2048 n log2 n − O(n), where ln 2 2048 ≈ 1 2955 . Using a new recursive approach, we are able to establish a sub stantially better lower bound. Our explicit method yields a lower bound of only 1 12 n log2 n−O(n). In addition, we provide an exact way of counting a short SFCB that was presented b y Alon et al. In particular, we improve their upper bound from 2n log2 n+ o(n log n) to only 4 3 n log2 n−Θ(n). We thus reduce the optimality gap for the MSFCB problem on plana r square grids to a factor of 16—compared to about 5900 being the former state-of-the-art. As a consequence, we conclude that for unweighted planar squ e grid graphs the ratio of the length of a minimum SFCB over a general MCB is Θ(log n).
COMET: a component-based real-time database for vehicle control-systems

Vehicle control-systems have evolved from small isolated controllers to complex distributed computer-systems. These systems include nodes spanning from simple 8-bit micro-controllers with a minimum of memory to complex 32-bit processors with vast resources. The main motivation for this evolution is the need for increased functionality in motor vehicles. Examples of such functionality include momentary fuel consumption measurements, anti-spin systems, and computerized diagnostics of vehicle-status. The control of the increased functionality requires the handling and maintenance of larger volumes of data, and has created a need for a uniform and efficient way to access and maintain this data. A real-time database management system could satisfy this requirement but an extensive survey of commercial and experimental database management systems has shown that there is currently no database system suitable for vehicle control systems available. In today’s systems, data management is performed in an ad-hoc fashion at a low level of abstraction, using internal data-structures, e.g., shared variables and structures. This approach requires that the consistency of the data is maintained by the application, by, for example, resolving data access conflicts through the use of semaphores. This thesis presents a flexible and configurable database management system designated COMET, suitable for embedded systems and in particular, vehicle control-systems. To be able to handle the varying requirements imposed by different systems, COMET emphasizes configurability and tailorability, by adopting a component-based architecture. The result of this research is the implementation of COMET BaseLine, which is an instance of COMET suited to a particular vehicle control-system. The required behaviour of this database is based on requirements gathered from a case study performed at Volvo Construction Equipment Components AB in Eskilstuna. To fulfill these requirements, a concept called database pointers has been introduced and implemented. Database pointers provide controlled direct access to individual data elements in the database, efficiently and temporally deterministic, providing at the same time a high level of abstraction.
High Rate of Infection by Only Oncogenic Human Papillomavirus in Amerindians

The role of HPV type distribution on the disparity of cervical cancer (CC) incidence between human populations remains unknown. The incidence of CC in the Amazonas State of Venezuela is higher than the national average. In this study, we determined the diversity of known HPV types (the viral agent of CC) in Amerindian and mestizo women living in the Venezuelan Amazonas State. Understanding the ecological diversity of HPV in populations undergoing lifestyle transformations has important implication on public health measures for cervical cancer prevention. ABSTRACT Human papillomavirus (HPV), an etiological agent of cervical cancer (CC), has infected humans since ancient times. Amerindians are the furthest migrants out of Africa, and they reached the Americas more than 14,000 years ago. Some groups still remain isolated, and some migrate to towns, forming a gradient spanning urbanization. We hypothesized that, by virtue of their history, lifestyle, and isolation from the global society, remote Amerindian women have lower HPV diversity than do urban women (Amerindian or mestizo). Here we determined the diversity of the 25 most relevant cervical HPV types in 82 Amerindians spanning urbanization (low, medium, and high, consistent with the exposure to urban lifestyles of the town of Puerto Ayacucho in the Venezuelan Amazonas State), and in 29 urban mestizos from the town. Cervical, anal, oral, and introitus samples were taken, and HPVs were typed using reverse DNA hybridization. A total of 23 HPV types were detected, including 11 oncogenic or high-risk types, most associated with CC. Cervical HPV prevalence was 75%, with no differences by group, but Amerindians from low and medium urbanization level had significantly lower HPV diversity than mestizos did. In Amerindians, but not in mestizos, infections by only high-risk HPVs were higher than coinfections or by exclusively low-risk HPVs. Cervical abnormalities only were observed in Amerindians (9/82), consistent with their high HPV infection. The lower cervical HPV diversity in more isolated Amerindians is consistent with their lower exposure to the global pool, and transculturation to urban lifestyles could have implications on HPV ecology, infection, and virulence. IMPORTANCE The role of HPV type distribution on the disparity of cervical cancer (CC) incidence between human populations remains unknown. The incidence of CC in the Amazonas State of Venezuela is higher than the national average. In this study, we determined the diversity of known HPV types (the viral agent of CC) in Amerindian and mestizo women living in the Venezuelan Amazonas State. Understanding the ecological diversity of HPV in populations undergoing lifestyle transformations has important implication on public health measures for CC prevention.
Clearance of a fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans strain after switching antifungal therapy and initiation of triple therapy for HIV infection.

antibody response to the superficial and released components of Helicobacter pylori. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 1994; 1: 310–7. 11. Nilson I, Ljungh A, Aleljung P, Wadstrom T. Immunoblot assay for serodiagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infections. J Clin Microbiol 1997; 35: 427–32. 12. Xiang Z, Bugnoli M, Ponzetto A et al. Detection in an enzyme immunoassay of an immune response to a recombinant fragment of the 128 kilodalton protein (CagA) of Helicobacter pylori. Eur J Microbiol Infect Dis 1993; 12: 739–45. 13. Jensen AKV, Andersen LP, Wachman CH. Evaluation of eight commercial kits for Helicobacter pylori IgG antibody detection. APMIS 1993; 101: 795–801. 14. van de Wouw BAM, de Boer WA, Jansz AR, Roymans RTJ, Staals APG. Comparison of three commercially available enzymelinked immunosorbent assays and biopsy-dependent diagnosis for detecting Helicobacter pylori infection. J Clin Microbiol 1996; 34: 94– 7. 15. Karavar S, Karch H, Frosch M, Burghardt W, Gross U. Use of serum-specific immunoglobulins A and G for detection of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with chronic gastritis by immunoblot analysis. J Am Soc Microbiol 1997; 35: 3058–61. 16. Jaskowski TD, Martins TB, Hill RH, Litwin CM. Immuno-
Indian Regional Movie Dataset for Recommender Systems

Indian regional movie dataset is the first database of regional Indian movies, users and their ratings. It consists of movies belonging to 18 different Indian regional languages and metadata of users with varying demographics. Through this dataset, the diversity of Indian regional cinema and its huge viewership is captured. We analyze the dataset that contains roughly 10K ratings of 919 users and 2,851 movies using some supervised and unsupervised collaborative filtering techniques like Probabilistic Matrix Factorization, Matrix Completion, Blind Compressed Sensing etc. The dataset consists of metadata information of users like age, occupation, home state and known languages. It also consists of metadata of movies like genre, language, release year and cast. India has a wide base of viewers which is evident by the large number of movies released every year and the huge box-office revenue. This dataset can be used for designing recommendation systems for Indian users and regional movies, which do not, yet, exist. The dataset can be downloaded from \href{https://goo.gl/EmTPv6}{this https URL}.
The Politics of International Trade

Traditional international trade models explain the sources of comparative advantage and show how a country as a whole gains from trade and from terms-of-trade improvement. The traditional models assumed competitive market-determined outcomes with passive or benevolent government. Income-distribution consequences of trade policy were noted. The models did not address the politics of trade policy, the study of which requires two premises consistent with public-choice principles: (1) that political self-interest underlies policy decisions rather than benevolent-government social-welfare objectives, and (2) political decision makers prefer creation of politically assignable rents to non-assignable budgetary revenue or aggregate country-wide gains from free trade or terms-of-trade improvement. These two premises are acknowledged in the first-generation of models of politicized trade policy. A second generation of models includes the first but not the second premise. It is documented that public-choice premises have not always been included in mainstream economic models. The second-generation models devoid of the primacy of rents in trade-policy determination are mainstream for many members of the academic international trade community. The chapter explains how, by not including the political preference for rents over budgetary revenue, the second-generation models are at variance with the actual conduct of trade policy. Public-choice concepts are also used to re-evaluate a wide range of traditional trade-policy conclusions and recommendations. Empirical evidence is reviewed and interpreted.
Migration aspirations and experiences of female Polish migrant workers in the UK

This thesis investigates migration aspirations and experiences of female Polish migrant workers and returnees, who have been working and living in the UK. In the face of theoretical debates and a lack of knowledge on the experience of Polish women as migrant workers in the UK, a contextualised study prioritising the narratives of the interviewees was established. The theoretical and methodological approach is characterised by grounded theory methodology informed by theoretical sensitivity, which is combined with the analysis of biographical narrative interviews, semi-structured expert interviews, and secondary quantitative data. Through this approach, the conditions and influential factors that shape female Polish migrant workers’ aspirations and experiences, as well the way in which they make meaning of them, are scrutinised. Different patterns of migration aspirations have been constructed by the informants’ narratives – migration as a solution, as a family strategy or as an opportunity. Furthermore, specificities of working and living in the UK have been established, marked by different routes into employment, migrant and feminised work, and different patterns of work trajectories; as well as social networks, transnational lives and experiences of women and family life. Constructions of return decisions or the lack of return motivations, as well as experiences after return, bring forth the relevance of expectations resulting in the question: ‘return to what? ’ Additionally, return plans have been adapted in the face of structural constraints or because of individual preferences, which were at times overruled in the context of return as a family strategy. Return was also constructed, however, as path to personal or professional fulfilment, as an opportunity, or as a result of disappointment. In the context of the conditions of the enlarged EU providing the freedom of movement, the post-transformation labour market in Poland, and the gendered and migrant labour market segmentation in the UK, as well as gender regimes, female Polish migrant workers actively mediated their migration aspirations and experiences.
‘A Mess of Pottage for Your Economic Birthright?’ The 1941–42 Wheat Negotiations and Anglo-American Economic Diplomacy

During the interwar years Britain and the United States underwent a partial reversal of roles in foreign economic policy. Britain moved towards protectionism with the adoption of imperial preference at Ottawa in I932 while secretary of state Cordell Hull led America tentatively towards freer trade. ' The shift in American policy was not decisive because, generally, neither the Roosevelt administration nor congress favoured untrammelled laisser-faire. Furthermore, as Lord Chesterfield observed, interest not sentiment is the driving force of politicians, and quite frequently Hull's avowed economic liberalism was tempered by nationalistic considerations. Fortunately, in the early stages of the war, American interests and Hull's economic principles coincided. Wartime economic relations with Britain soon posed two problems for the U.S.: the first concerned the intensification of discriminatory controls which reduced British purchases of American tobacco and food;2 the second centred on the consideration Britain was to give for lend-lease. The state department's response was to try to get a deferred benefit from Britain which took the form of a commitment to a postwar economic regime which embodied the free trade principles of Hull and which would specifically require the abandonment of imperial preference. When the Americans first presented these demands to the British in trade discussions during I940 they made little headway;3 however, once the lend-lease consideration talks got under way, matters began to change. By the end of July I94I the British had an American draft which stipulated that the two countries:
The Semantic Web: Crafting Infrastructure for Agency

Foreword. Preface. Part I: Content Concepts. 1. Enhancing the Web. 2. Defining the Semantic Web. 3. Web Information Management. 4. Semantic Web Collaboration and Agency. Part II: Current Technology Overview. 5. Languages and Protocols. 6. Ontologies and the Semantic Web. 7. Organizations and Projects. 8. Application and Tools. 9. Examples of Deployed Systems. Part III: Future Potential. 10. The Next Steps. 11. Extending the Concept. Part IV: Appendix Material. Appendix A: Technical Terms and References. Appendix B: Semantic Web Resources. Appendix C: Lists. Index.
Video Frame Interpolation and Editing with Implicit Motion Estimation

The amount of video data captured is steadily increasing not only in terms of quantity but also in quality due to higher spatial and temporal resolutions of cameras. This poses new challenges in processing visual data efficiently. In this thesis we focus on applications for frame interpolation and modification propagation in videos. Traditional approaches usually require some accurate pixel correspondences between the images, which is an ill-posed problem. Thus they suffer from the inherent ambiguities in correspondence estimation and are particularly sensitive to occlusion/disocclusion and changes in color or brightness. In this thesis, we present efficient and novel methods which reduce and even remove the need for computing explicit correspondences. To achieve this, we build upon recent advances in phase-based methods as well as neural networks which estimate the motion between images implicitly. First, we present a purely phase-based method for edit propagation in videos. We propose a novel algorithm to combine and adapt the phase information of the pixels in order to propagate image edits. We evaluate the flexibility by applying it to various edit applications. Second, we develop a data driven approach for the application of color propagation in grayscale videos. By combining appearance and semantics we are able to extend the temporal range to which colors can be propagated. The extended comparisons with recent methods show the superiority of our method. Finally, we propose a method for frame interpolation combining the advantages of a phase-based approach with a data driven strategy. We implement a convolutional neural network which reasons on the phase-based representation of the images. As a consequence, we are able to produce visually preferable results over optical flow for challenging scenarios containing motion blur and brightness changes. To conclude, we believe that, methods using implicit motion estimation provide an interesting and efficient alternative to traditional approaches and bear potential for many more interesting research and applications. We hope that our work provides an important step in such a direction.
Deep temperature variability in Drake Passage

Observations made on 21 occupations between 1993 and 2016 of GO-SHIP line SR1b in eastern Drake Passage show an average temperature of 0.53°C deeper than 2000 dbar, with no significant trend, but substantial year-to-year variability (standard deviation 0.08°C). Using a neutral density framework to decompose the temperature variability into isopycnal displacement (heave) and isopycnal property change components shows that approximately 95% of the year-to-year variance in deep temperature is due to heave. Changes on isopycnals make a small contribution to year-to-year variability but contribute a significant trend of -1.4±0.6 m°C per year, largest for density (? n)? >? 28.1, south of the Polar Front (PF). The heave component is depth-coherent and results from either vertical or horizontal motions of neutral density surfaces, which trend upward and northward around the PF, downward for the densest levels in the southern section, and downward and southward in the Subantarctic Front and Southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current Front (SACCF). A proxy for the locations of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) fronts is constructed from the repeat hydrographic data and has a strong relationship with deep ocean heat content, explaining 76% of deep temperature variance. The same frontal position proxy based on satellite altimeter-derived surface velocities explains 73% of deep temperature variance. The position of the PF plays the strongest role in this relationship between ACC fronts and deep temperature variability in Drake Passage, although much of the temperature variability in the southern half of the section can be explained by the position of the SACCF. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Power efficient Thermally Assisted Switching Magnetic memory based memory systems

With the increasing size of the memory system inside today's chips, memories are becoming a critical part of the design of modern embedded systems. SRAM, DRAM and FLASH, respectively used for cache, working memory and non-volatile storage, are the three main memory technologies of current memory hierarchies. But all are facing to manufacturing constraints in the most advanced node, which compromises further evolution. Magnetic RAM (MRAM) technology is a very attractive alternative offering simultaneously reasonable performance and power consumption efficiency, high density and non-volatility. Among the MRAM technologies, while Toggle MRAM suffers from scalability issue and Spin Transfer Torque MRAM (STT-MRAM) is facing to data retention failure, Thermally Assisted Switching MRAM (TAS-MRAM) uses a scheme allowing a fully scalable bit cell, low power writing and excellent data retention. This paper demonstrates how features of TAS-MRAM can lead to power efficient memory systems. A case study of a TAS-MRAM-based L2 cache shows significant power saving while keeping reasonable performance.