Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fierz-complete NJL model study. II. Toward the fixed-point and phase structure of hot and dense two-flavor QCD

Nambu-Jona-Lasinio-type models are often employed as low-energy models for the theory of the strong interaction to analyze its phase structure at finite temperature and quark chemical potential. In particular at low temperature and large chemical potential, where the application of fully first-principles approaches is currently difficult at best, this class of models still plays a prominent role to guide our understanding of the dynamics of dense strong-interaction matter. In this work, we consider a Fierz-complete version of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model with two massless quark flavors and study its renormalization group flow and fixed-point structure at leading order of the derivative expansion of the effective action. Sum rules for the various four-quark couplings then allow us to monitor the strength of the breaking of the axial $U_{\rm A}(1)$ symmetry close to and above the phase boundary. We find that the dynamics in the ten-dimensional Fierz-complete space of four-quark couplings can only be reduced to a one-dimensional space associated with the scalar-pseudoscalar coupling in the strict large-$N_{\rm c}$ limit. Still, the interacting fixed point associated with this one-dimensional subspace appears to govern the dynamics at small quark chemical potential even beyond the large-$N_{\rm c}$ limit. At large chemical potential, corrections beyond the large-$N_{\rm c}$ limit become important and the dynamics is dominated by diquarks, favoring the formation of a chirally symmetric diquark condensate. In this regime, our study suggests that the phase boundary is shifted to higher temperatures when a Fierz-complete set of four-quark interactions is considered.
Making Mistakes Saves the Single World of the Extended Wigner’s Friend Experiment

The Extended Wigner’s Friend thought experiment comprising a quantum system containing an agent who draws conclusions, upon observing the outcome of a measurement of a qubit prepared in two non-orthogonal versions by another agent led its authors to conclude that quantum theory cannot consistently describe the use of itself. It has also been proposed that this thought experiment is equivalent to coherent entangled state (Bell type) experiments. It is argued in this paper that the assumption of the freedom of choice of the first Wigner’s friend invalidates such equivalency. It is also argued that the assumption of locality (physical space) introduces superfluous identity of indiscernibles metric axiom, which is invalid in quantum domain and generally disproven by the Ugly duckling mathematical theorem.
Parton showers with more exact color evolution

Parton shower event generators typically approximate evolution of QCD color so that only contributions that are leading in the limit of an infinite number of colors are retained. Our parton shower generator, Deductor, has used an "LC+" approximation that is better, but still quite limited. In this paper, we introduce a new scheme for color in which the approximations can be systematically improved. That is, one can choose the theoretical accuracy level, but the accuracy level that is practical is limited by the computer resources available.
Tunability of magnetic anisotropy of Co on two-dimensional materials by tetrahedral bonding

Pairing of $\pi$ electronic state structures with functional or metallic atoms makes them possible to engineer physical and chemical properties. Herein, we predict the reorientation of magnetization of Co on hexagonal BN (h-BN) and graphene multilayers. The driving mechanism is the formation of the tetrahedral bonding between sp$^3$ and d orbitals at the interface. More specifically, the intrinsic $\pi$-bonding of h-BN and graphene is transformed to sp$^3$ as a result of strong hybridization with metallic $d_{z^2}$ orbital. The different features of these two tetrahedral bondings, sp$^2$ and sp$^3$, are well manifested in charge density and density of states in the vicinity of the interface, along with associated band structure near the $\bar{K}$ valley. Our findings provide a novel approach to tailoring magnetism by means of degree of the interlayer hybrid bonds in 2D layered materials.
Non-Markovian effects on overdamped systems

We study the consequences of adopting the memory-dependent, non-Markovian, physics with the memory-less overdamped approximation usually employed to investigate Brownian particles. Due to the finite correlation time scale associated with the noise, the stationary behavior of the system is not described by the Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics. However, the presence of a very weak external white noise can be used to regularize the equilibrium properties. Surprisingly, the coupling to another bath effectively restores the dynamical aspects missed by the overdamped treatment.
Optimal quantum tomography of permutationally invariant qubits

Mutually unbiased bases determine an optimal set of measurements to extract complete information about the quantum state of a system. However, quite often a priori information about the state exists, making some of the measurement bases superfluous. This is, for example, the case when multiqubit states belong to the permutationally invariant subspace. In this paper we derive the minimal sets of mutually unbiased bases needed to tomographically reconstruct such states.
Robust Antiviral Activity of Santonica Flower Extract (Artemisia cina) against Avian and Human Influenza A Viruses: In Vitro and Chemoinformatic Studies

The evolution of drug-resistant viral strains following natural acquisition of resistance mutations is a major obstacle to antiviral therapy. Besides the improper prescription of the currently licensed anti-influenza medications, M2-blockers and neuraminidase inhibitors, to control poultry outbreaks/infections potentiates the emergence of drug-resistant influenza variants. Therefore, there is always a necessity to find out new alternatives with potent activity and high safety. Plant extracts and plant-based chemicals represent a historical antiviral resource with remarkable safety in vitro and in vivo to control the emerging and remerging health threats caused by viral infections. Herein, a panel of purified plant extracts and subsequent plant-derived chemicals were evaluated for their anti-avian influenza activity against zoonotic highly pathogenic influenza A/H5N1 virus. Interestingly, santonica flower extract (Artemisia cina) showed the most promising anti-H5N1 activity with a highly safe half-maximal cytotoxic concentration 50 (CC50 > 10 mg/mL) and inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50 of 3.42 μg/mL). To confirm the anti-influenza activity, we assessed the anti-influenza activity of the selected plant extracts against seasonal human influenza A/H1N1 virus and we found that santonica flower extract showed a robust anti-influenza activity that was comparable to the activity against influenza A/H5N1. Furthermore, the mode of action for santonica flower extract with strong inhibitory activity on the abovementioned influenza strains was elucidated, showing a virucidal effect. To go deeper about the activity of the chemometric component of the extract, the major constituent, santonin, was further selected for in vitro screening against influenza A/H5N1 (IC50 = 1.701 μg/mL) and influenza A/H1N1 (IC50 = 2.91 μg/mL). The oxygen of carbonyl functionality in the cyclohexene ring succeeded to form a hydrogen bond with the neuraminidase active site. Despite the fact that santonin revealed similarity to both reference neuraminidase inhibitors in forming hydrogen bonds with essential amino acids, it illustrated shape alignment to oseltamivir more than zanamivir according to Tanimoto algorithms. This study highlights the applicability of santonica flower extract as a promising natural antiviral against low and highly pathogenic influenza A viruses.
VERA monitoring of the radio jet 3C 84 in the period of 2007–2013: Detection of non-linear motion

We present a kinematic study of the subparsec-scale radio jet of the radio galaxy 3C 84/NGC 1275 with the VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry (VERA) array at 22 GHz for 80 epochs from 2007 October to 2013 December. The averaged radial velocity of the bright component "C3" with reference to the radio core is found to be $0.27 pm 0.02c$ between 2007 October and 2013 December. This constant velocity of C3 is naturally explained by the advancing motion of the head of the mini-radio lobe. We also find a non-linear component in the motion of C3 with respect to the radio core. We briefly discuss possible origins of this non-linear motion.
Understanding the Behavior of the Sun's Large Scale Magnetic Field and Its Relation with the Meridional Flow

In this thesis, various studies are performed leading to better understanding of the 11-year solar cycle and its theoretical modeling with the flux transport dynamo model. Although this is primarily a theoretical thesis, there is a part dealing with the analysis of observational data. The various proxies of solar activity from various observatory including the sunspot area records of Kodaikanal Observatory have been analyzed to study the irregular aspects of solar cycles and an analysis has been carried out on the correlation between the decay rate and the next cycle amplitude. Theoretical analysis starts with explaining how the magnetic buoyancy has been treated in the flux transport dynamo models, and advantages and disadvantages of different treatments. It is found that some of the irregular properties of the solar cycle in the decaying phase can only be well explained using a particular treatment of the magnetic buoyancy. Next, the behavior of the dynamo with different spatial structures of the meridional flow based on recent helioseismology results has been studied. A theoretical model is constructed considering the back reaction due to the Lorentz force on the meridional flows which explains the observed variation of the meridional flow with the solar cycle. Finally, some results with 3D FTD models are presented. This 3D model is developed to handle the Babcock-Leighton mechanism and magnetic buoyancy more realistically than previous 2D models and can capture some important effects connected with the subduction of the magnetic field in polar regions, which are missed in 2D surface flux transport models. This 3D model is further used to study the evolution of the magnetic fields due to a turbulent non-axisymmetric velocity field and to compare the results with the results obtained by using a simple turbulent diffusivity coefficient.
Peculiarities in velocity dispersion and surface density profiles of star clusters

Based on our recent work on tidal tails of star clusters we investigate star clusters of a few 104 M(circle dot) by means of velocity dispersion profiles and surface density profiles. We use a comprehensive set of N-body computations of star clusters on various orbits within a realistic tidal field to study the evolution of these profiles with time, and ongoing cluster dissolution. From the velocity dispersion profiles we find that the population of potential escapers, i.e. energetically unbound stars inside the Jacobi radius, dominates clusters at radii above about 50 per cent of the Jacobi radius. Beyond 70 per cent of the Jacobi radius nearly all stars are energetically unbound. The velocity dispersion therefore significantly deviates from the predictions of simple equilibrium models in this regime. We furthermore argue that for this reason this part of a cluster cannot be used to detect a dark matter halo or deviations from the Newtonian gravity. By fitting templates to about 104 computed surface density profiles we estimate the accuracy which can be achieved in reconstructing the Jacobi radius of a cluster in this way. We find that the template of King works well for extended clusters on nearly circular orbits, but shows significant flaws in the case of eccentric cluster orbits. This we fix by extending this template with three more free parameters. Our template can reconstruct the tidal radius over all fitted ranges with an accuracy of about 10 per cent, and is especially useful in the case of cluster data with a wide radial coverage and for clusters showing significant extra-tidal stellar populations. No other template that we have tried can yield comparable results over this range of cluster conditions. All templates fail to reconstruct tidal parameters of concentrated clusters, however. Moreover, we find that the bulk of a cluster adjusts to the mean tidal field which it experiences and not to the tidal field at perigalacticon as has often been assumed in other investigations, i.e. a fitted tidal radius is a cluster's time average mean tidal radius and not its perigalactic one. Furthermore, we study the tidal debris in the vicinity of the clusters and find it to be well represented by a power law with a slope of -4 to -5. This steep slope we ascribe to the epicyclic motion of escaped stars in the tidal tails. Star clusters close to apogalacticon show a significantly shallower slope of up to -1, however. We suggest that clusters at apogalacticon can be identified by measuring this slope.
Asymptomatic Carriage of Listeria monocytogenes by Animals and Humans and Its Impact on the Food Chain

Humans and animals can become asymptomatic carriers of Listeria monocytogenes and introduce the pathogen into their environment with their feces. In turn, this environmental contamination can become the source of food- and feed-borne illnesses in humans and animals, with the food production chain representing a continuum between the farm environment and human populations that are susceptible to listeriosis. Here, we update a review from 2012 and summarize the current knowledge on the asymptomatic carrier statuses in humans and animals. The data on fecal shedding by species with an impact on the food chain are summarized, and the ways by which asymptomatic carriers contribute to the risk of listeriosis in humans and animals are reviewed.
NONCOMMUTATIVE GEOMETRY SPECTRAL ACTION AS A FRAMEWORK FOR UNIFICATION: INTRODUCTION AND PHENOMENOLOGICAL/COSMOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES

I will summarize Noncommutative Geometry Spectral Action, an elegant geometrical model valid at unification scale, which offers a purely gravitational explanation of the Standard Model, the most successful phenomenological model of particle physics. Noncommutative geometry states that close to the Planck energy scale, spacetime has a fine structure and proposes that it is given as the product of a four-dimensional continuum compact Riemaniann manifold by a tiny discrete finite noncommutative space. The spectral action principle, a universal action functional on spectral triples which depends only on the spectrum of the Dirac operator, applied to this almost commutative product geometry, leads to the full Standard Model, including neutrino mixing which has Majorana mass terms and a see-saw mechanism, minimally coupled to gravity. It also makes various predictions at unification scale. I will review some of the phenomenological and cosmological consequences of this beautiful and purely geometrical approach to unification.
Image Segmentation and Recognition for Multi-Class Chinese Food

For multi-class food images, an excellent segmentation method has a great influence on accuracy of recognition result, and hence improve the effectiveness of dietary management for diabetics. For Chinese food images, there are some challenges during the processing, such as blurred outlines, rich colors, and varied appearances due to various cooking methods. To overcome these difficulties, we propose a ChineseFoodSeg approach to obtain accurate and efficient multi-class segmentation. A food recognition model, Two-Path Global Local Network (TPGLNet), is also introduced to jointly learn complementary global and local features of the bounding box and the segment. Experiments on the ChineseDiabetesFood187 dataset collected by us demonstrate that the new methods are competitive compared to existing segmentation and recognition methods.
Search for Supersymmetry in pp Collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV in Events with Two Photons and Missing Transverse Energy

A search for supersymmetry in the context of general gauge-mediated (GGM) breaking with the lightest neutralino as the next-to-lightest supersymmetric particle and the gravitino as the lightest is presented. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 36 inverse picobarns recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The search is performed using events containing two or more isolated photons, at least one hadronic jet, and significant missing transverse energy. No excess of events at high missing transverse energy is observed. Upper limits on the signal cross section for GGM supersymmetry between 0.3 and 1.1 pb at the 95% confidence level are determined for a range of squark, gluino, and neutralino masses, excluding supersymmetry parameter space that was inaccessible to previous experiments.
KINK AND SAUSAGE MODES IN NONUNIFORM MAGNETIC SLABS WITH CONTINUOUS TRANSVERSE DENSITY DISTRIBUTIONS

We examine the influence of a continuous density structuring transverse to coronal slabs on the dispersive properties of fundamental standing kink and sausage modes supported therein. We derive generic dispersion relations (DRs) governing linear fast waves in pressureless straight slabs with general transverse density distributions, and focus on cases where the density inhomogeneity takes place in a layer of arbitrary width and in arbitrary form. The physical relevance of the solutions to the DRs is demonstrated by the corresponding time-dependent computations. For all profiles examined, the lowest order kink modes are trapped regardless of longitudinal wavenumber k. A continuous density distribution introduces a difference to their periods of ≲13% when k is the observed range relative to the case where the density profile takes a step function form. Sausage modes and other branches of kink modes are leaky at small k, and their periods and damping times are heavily influenced by how the transverse density profile is prescribed, in particular the length scale. These modes have sufficiently high quality to be observable only for physical parameters representative of flare loops. We conclude that while the simpler DR pertinent to a step function profile can be used for the lowest order kink modes, the detailed information on the transverse density structuring needs to be incorporated into studies of sausage modes and higher order kink modes.
Mott insulators in a fully frustrated Bose–Hubbard model on the honeycomb lattice

We examine the effects of quantum fluctuations on a classical spin liquid state in the fully frustrated honeycomb lattice Bose–Hubbard model in the hard-core limit using quantum Monte Carlo simulations. Frustration is induced explicitly in the model by modulating the sign of the nearest-neighbor interaction spatially around each lattice hexagon. A superfluid-to-Mott insulating quantum phase transition can be induced by varying the relative strength of the classical interaction and quantum hopping. In the cases where the interaction has a regular spatial modulation, hopping promotes a phase transition to a symmetry-broken half-filled valence-bond solid state. When the interaction is forced to have no regular pattern, the insulating state is found to be random and gapped, suggesting the existence of a Mott glass phase.
Molecular Ions in L1544. I. Kinematics

We have mapped the dense dark core L1544 in H13CO+ (1-0), DCO+ (2-1), DCO+ (3-2), N2H+ (1-0), N2H+ (3-2), N2D+ (2-1), N2D+ (3-2), C18O (1-0), and C17O (1-0) using the IRAM 30 m telescope. We have obtained supplementary observations of HC18O+ (1-0), HC17O+ (1-0), and D13CO+ (2-1). Many of the observed maps show a general correlation with the distribution of dust continuum emission, in contrast to C18O (1-0) and C17O (1-0), which give clear evidence for depletion of CO at positions close to the continuum peak. In particular, N2D+ (2-1) and (3-2) and to a lesser extent N2H+ (1-0) appear to be excellent tracers of the dust continuum. Our DCO+ maps have the same general morphology as the continuum while H13CO+ (1-0) is more extended. We find also that many apparently optically thin spectral lines such as HC18O+ and D13CO+ have double or highly asymmetric profiles toward the dust continuum peak. We have studied the velocity field in the high-density nucleus of L1544, putting particular stress on tracers such as N2H+ and N2D+, which trace the dust emission and which we therefore believe trace the gas with density of order 105 cm-3. We find that the tracers of high-density gas (in particular, N2D+) show a velocity gradient along the minor axis of the L1544 core and that there is evidence for larger line widths close to the dust emission peak. We interpret this using the model of the L1544 proposed by Ciolek and Basu and by comparing the observed velocities with those expected on the basis of their model. The results show reasonable agreement between observations and model in that the velocity gradient along the minor axis and the line broadening toward the center of L1544 are predicted by the model. This is evidence in favor of the idea that ambipolar diffusion across field lines is one of the basic processes leading to gravitational collapse. However, the double-peaked nature of the profiles is reproduced only at the core center and if a "hole" in the molecular emission, due to depletion, is present. Moreover, line widths are significantly narrower than observed and are better reproduced by the Myers & Zweibel model, which considers the quasi-static vertical contraction of a layer due to dissipation of its Alfvénic turbulence, indicating the importance of this process for cores on the verge of forming a star.
Chaplygin dark star

We study the general properties of a spherically symmetric body described through the generalized Chaplygin equation of state. We conclude that such an object, dubbed generalized Chaplygin dark star, should exist within the context of the generalized Chaplygin gas (GCG) model of unification of dark energy and dark matter, and derive expressions for its size and expansion velocity. A criteria for the survival of the perturbations in the GCG background that give origin to the dark star are developed, and its main features are analyzed.
Front propagation in three-dimensional corrugated reaction-diffusion media

Propagation of traveling fronts in three-dimensional reaction-diffusion media with spatially modulated cross-section is studied using the Schlögl model as a representative example. Applying appropriate perturbation techniques leads first to a reduction of dimensionality in which the spatially dependent Neumann boundary condition translate into a boundary-induced advection term and, secondly, to an equation of motion for the traveling wave position in weakly corrugated confinements. Comparisons with numerical simulations demonstrate that our analytical results properly predicts the nonlinear dependence of the propagation velocity on ratio of the spatial period of the confinement to the intrinsic width of the front; including the peculiarity of propagation failure. Based on the eikonal equation, we obtain an analytical estimate for the finite interval of propagation failure. Lastly, we demonstrate that the front velocity is determined by the suppressed diffusivity of the reactants if the intrinsic width of the front is much larger than the spatial variation of the medium.