Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Research on Using Herbicide for Setting up Forest Fire Breaks in Yihou Mountain Forest Area

Using the herbicide to set up fire breaks is an effective measure to control the fire source.Through the experiment, the best herbicide was selected. The best using time was also decided under different site conditions.Under the best conditions and based on the plant types, the economical use amount is also decided. 
Peran Guru IPS dalam Penanaman Pendidikan Karakter Peduli Sosial pada Pembelajaran di Kelas 7 SMP Negeri 2 Ciwaringin Kabupaten Cirebon

Character education is all efforts made by teachers to influence student character. Social awareness is defined as a pattern of behavior or readiness to adapt in social situations. This research uses a qualitative method that focuses on understanding meaning rather than generalization. In this method, researchers collect data purposively and snowball. Research Results: Teachers as educators have a responsibility to understand values, norms, morals and social aspects. The role of the teacher is also important in teaching which can shape the character of students. Teachers as models for students also have a big impact in developing their character. Teachers as individuals must be able to build social and emotional relationships with students. As for parents hindering teachers from developing social caring traits, if students remain self-centered and do not change, teachers will hold meetings with the students' parents to discuss their progress at school. Conclusion: Socially caring character includes various positive attitudes, such as politeness, compassion for others. All of these are important indicators in forming a socially caring character that can help students become good individuals and able to contribute positively to society. Teachers are an important model in developing the social care character of students who are caring, responsible and ethical towards fellow humans.
Design and Implementation of Triplication Error Correction Using Hamming Code

Advanced electrical circuits are very concerned about error-free communication. Information mistakes that happen during transmission may result in incorrect information being received. Error correction codes are frequently employed in electrical circuits to safeguard the data stored in memory and registers. One of these forward error correcting codes is the hamming code. It either employs the even parity or odd parity check approach. Here, we used the even parity check approach to implement hamming code. Compared to the parity check approach, hamming code is better. The hamming code is implemented here in Xilinx and uses a 7-bit data transmission scheme with 4 redundant bits. It is also used in the DSCH (Digital Schematic Editor & Simulator) programme. To find double bit errors, a specific parity bit is employed. For error detection and correction in this instance, we employed the SEDC-DED (Single Bit Error Detection and Correction-Double Bit Error Detection) method.
Redox-Mediated Rewiring of Signalling Pathways: The Role of a Cellular Clock in Brain Health and Disease

Metazoan signalling pathways can be rewired to dampen or amplify the rate of events, such as those that occur in development and aging. Given that a linear network topology restricts the capacity to rewire signalling pathways, such scalability of the pace of biological events suggests the existence of programmable non-linear elements in the underlying signalling pathways. Here, we review the network topology of key signalling pathways with a focus on redox-sensitive proteins, including PTEN and Ras GTPase, that reshape the connectivity profile of signalling pathways in response to an altered redox state. While this network-level impact of redox is achieved by the modulation of individual redox-sensitive proteins, it is the population by these proteins of critical nodes in a network topology of signal transduction pathways that amplifies the impact of redox-mediated reprogramming. We propose that redox-mediated rewiring is essential to regulate the rate of transmission of biological signals, giving rise to a programmable cellular clock that orchestrates the pace of biological phenomena such as development and aging. We further review the evidence that an aberrant redox-mediated modulation of output of the cellular clock contributes to the emergence of pathological conditions affecting the human brain.
Experimental observation of electromagnetic wave localization in Vogel spirals

We present experiments of microwave transport in planar Vogel spirals arrays of high permittivity dielectric constant. Despite the lack of disorder, wave transport in certain frequency regions is dominated by localized modes. We characterize these modes spatially, and find that in contrary to disorder induced Anderson localization, their radial decay does not only decay exponentially, but some modes are found to decay according to a power law or to a Gaussian profile. Nevertheless, by extracting experimentally the Thouless conductance, we find that the region where these Gaussian and power law modes exist are regions of low Thouless conductance, similarly to what is expected for Anderson localization. This study unveil the rich modal structure associated with these aperiodic point patterns, and pave the way toward a better understanding of wave localization in general.
A shift of brain network hub after spinal cord injury

Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes severe sequelae and significant social loss, depending on the extent of the damage. Most previous studies have focused on the pathology of the spinal cord to develop treatments for SCI. However, it is now known that the brain, which is not directly damaged, also undergoes morphological changes after spinal cord injury, which could affect natural recovery and treatment. In recent years, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been developed to analyze functional changes in the brain. Resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI), which captures brain activity at rest, can calculate functional connections between brain areas and identify central hubs by network analysis. Purpose We aim to investigate functional connectivity in the brain using rsfMRI after SCI and to determine how brain-network main hubs change over time. Methods We evaluated rsfMRI in 10 mice of the contusional SCI model and calculated connectivity using graph theory. We evaluated “centrality,” a representative parameter of network analysis. The subtype of centrality was degree centrality, which indicates the hub function of a single area. The five times of rsfMRI were performed in each individual mouse: before injury and at 1, 3, 7, and 14 weeks post-injury. Results Before the injury, the degree centralities of the primary and secondary motor cortex were high, suggesting that these motor cortices served as main hubs for motor function. After SCI, the hub function of the motor cortices decreased by 14 weeks. In contrast, hub function in the external capsule and the putamen comparatively increased with time after injury, suggesting that the extrapyramidal/subcortical system, which runs the ventral side of the spinal cord and remains after injury in this model, becomes dominant. Conclusion We demonstrated the shift of the brain network hub after SCI. The results of this study provide basic information for understanding brain network changes after SCI and would be useful for treatment selection and evaluation of its efficacy in SCI patients.
LSDSSIMR: Large-Scale Dust Storm Database Based on Satellite Images and Meteorological Reanalysis Data

In recent years, dust storms have occurred frequently, significantly affecting people's daily lives. Therefore, the detection, monitoring, and early warning of dust storms have a great social significance. Previous methods have mainly been based on atmospheric motion to build physical models for weather forecasting. Although there are many meteorological applications based on deep learning, to the best of authors' knowledge, there is no dust storm database with a high spatiotemporal resolution, which is essential for deep learning methods. Since meteorological satellites can observe the Earth's atmosphere from a spatial perspective at a large scale, in this article, a dust storm database is constructed using multichannel and dust label data from the Fengyun-4 A geosynchronous orbiting satellite, namely the large-scale dust storm database based on satellite images and meteorological reanalysis data (LSDSSIMR), with a temporal resolution of 15 min and a spatial resolution of 4 km from March to May of each year during 2020–2022. Meteorological reanalysis data are added to LSDSSIMR for spatiotemporal prediction methods. Each data file is stored in an HDF5 format, and the final LSDSSIMR contains nearly 5400 HDF5 files. Moreover, some traditional dust detection methods based on spectral analysis are executed as a benchmark.
Desarrollo de habilidades en Educación financiera en estudiantes de nivel primaria mediante actividades lúdicas: un análisis en 6 escuelas de Mexicali, Baja California

El presente artículo muestra los resultados de las actividades lúdicas llevadas a cabo con estudiantes de educación primaria bajo el programa de intervención universitario "Promotor en temas de Educación Financiera" (PROTEF). Dicho programa, en una de sus líneas de investigación, utiliza los juegos como una forma divertida y participativa para el desarrollo de habilidades financieras. El objetivo fundamental de estas actividades es promover y evaluar el conocimiento de las características de los billetes en México y familiarizar a los participantes con los diferentes medios de pago utilizados en el país. Para lograrlo, se utiliza una metodología respaldada por el Banco de México, que busca estimular el desarrollo de competencias cognitivas y conductuales, que les permite a los participantes adquirir una alfabetización básica en temas financieros
Submerged banks in the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, greatly increase available coral reef habitat

Anthropogenic global ocean warming is predicted to cause bleaching of many near-sea-surface (NSS) coral reefs, placing increased importance on deeper reef habitats to maintain coral reef biodiversity and ecosystem function. However, the location and spatial extent of many deep reef habitats is poorly known. The question arises: how common are deep reef habitats in comparison with NSS reefs? We used a dataset from the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) to show that only about 39% of available seabed on submerged banks is capped by NSS coral reefs (16 110 km²); the other 61% of bank area (25 600 km²) is submerged at a mean depth of around 27 m and represents potential deep reef habitat that is spatially distributed along the GBR continental shelf in the same latitudinal distribution as NSS reefs. Out of 25 600 km² of submerged bank area, predictive habitat modelling indicates that more than half (around 14 000 km²) is suitable habitat for coral communities.
Lipid-Lowering Therapy after Acute Coronary Syndrome in Outpatient Practice—How to Achieve Goal

Background: Secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease involves the use of optimal pharmacological treatment and modification of risk factors through lifestyle changes. Recent evidence demonstrates that the major initiating event in atherogenesis is the storage of low-density lipoproteins. Objectives: We aimed to compare the efficacy in achieving the therapeutic lipid target in relation to the frequency of follow-up at selected time points and to determine the safety and tolerability of cholesterol-lowering drugs (statins, ezetimibe). Methods: This was a prospective analysis of 72 consecutive patients hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome: ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Patients were consecutively divided into two groups: first, with follow-up and laboratory tests at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after hospital discharge, including 32 patients; second, including 40 patients with follow-up and laboratory tests 12 months after hospital discharge. Results: A significant reduction in LDL-C level was observed at 12 months in both groups. LDL-C level was significantly lower in group 1 than in group 2 after 12 months (p = 0.02). Total cholesterol level was significantly lower in group 1 than in group 2 after 12 months. After 12 months of therapy, 21 (65.6%) patients in group 1 and 17 (42.5%) in group 2 had LDL-C < 1.4 mmol/L. In group 1, we observed a significant decrease in LDL-C, triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The group of patients with more frequent follow-up visits showed a greater reduction in LDL-C level than the group with only one visit after a 12-month hospital discharge.
Validation of remote sensing of burn severity in south-eastern US ecosystems

We assessed an existing method of remote sensing of wildland fire burn severity for its applicability in south-eastern USA vegetation types. This method uses Landsat satellite imagery to calculate the Normalised Burn Ratio (NBR) of reflectance bands sensitive to fire effects, and the change in NBR from pre- to post fire (dNBR) to estimate burn severity. To ground-truth ranges of NBR and dNBR that correspond to levels of burn severity, we measured severity using the Composite Burn Index at 731 locations stratified by plant community type, season of measurement, and time since fire. Best-fit curves relating Composite Burn Index to NBR or dNBR were used to determine reflectance value breakpoints that delimit levels of burn severity. Remotely estimated levels of burn severity within 3 months following fire had an average of 78% agreement with ground measurements using NBR and 75% agreement using dNBR. However, percentage agreement varied among habitat types and season of measurement, with either NBR or dNBR being advantageous under specific combinations of conditions. The results suggest this method will be useful for monitoring burned area and burn severity in south-eastern USA vegetation types if the provided recommendations and limitations are considered.
Numerical study of alpha particle loss with toroidal field ripple based on CFETR steady-state scenario

Effects of plasma equilibrium parameters on the alpha particle loss with the toroidal field ripple based on the CFETR steady-state scenario have been numerically investigated by the orbit-following code GYCAVA. It is found that alpha particle losses decrease and loss regions become narrower with the plasma current increasing or with the magnetic field decreasing. It is because the ripple stochastic transport and the ripple well loss of alpha particle are reduced with the safety factor decreasing. Decrease of the plasma density and temperature can reduce alpha particle losses due to enhancement of the slowing-down effect. The direction of the toroidal magnetic field can significantly affect heat loads induced by lost alpha particle. The vertical asymmetry of heat loads induced by the clockwise and counter-clockwise toroidal magnetic fields are due to the fact that the ripple distribution is asymmetric about the mid-plane, which can be explained by the typical orbits of alpha particle. The maximal heat load of alpha particle for the clockwise toroidal magnetic field is much smaller than that for the counter-clockwise one.
Twenty-one years of crown area change in the Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve based on georeferenced multitemporal aerial photographs

A time series of large-scale aerial photographs of a 25 ha section of the Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve (JRBP) in California was analysed for the quantification of long-term changes in the orthogonally projected crown areas of a sample of mature canopy trees growing in closed woodland and open grassland habitats. Crown area changes were computed on the basis of pairwise image comparisons for the years 1974, 1980, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1993 and 1995. Single frame image correction methods were assessed by comparing a high-resolution physical-system based method of photogrammetric orthorectification with a low-resolution method of georeferencing that involved the use of ground control points (GCPs) for the derivation of best-fit statistical transformations. The same crown digitization procedure was used for both methods, and a statistically significant difference was not found between the high-resolution and low-resolution measured crown areas. Crown area changes were not correlated with differences in sun position at the time of aerial photo acquisition nor with differences in the off-nadir distances of each crown in the images being compared. The upper limit of digitizing error was 3.5% based on the mean coefficient of variation plus one standard deviation computed from repeat digitization measures of each crown. Crown area changes exceeding 3.5%in the pairwise image comparisons were attributed to actual crown growth or crown reduction. Expressed as a percentage of the original crown area, the mean annual rate of change for each pairwise sample period was 4.9% yr-1. In absolute terms, the mean annual rate of crown area change over the 21-year period 1974-1995 was 1.4m2 yr-1. The long-term mean annual crown growth rate of the clustered woodland trees (1.3m2yr-1) was not significantly different from the isolated grassland trees (1.5m2 yr-1). The mean annual rates of change for the periods 1974-1980, 1980-1989 and 1991-1993 were similar to the long-term average. Unusually low mean growth rates characterized the drought years of 1989-1990 and 1990-1991, while the relatively wet period of 1993-1995 exhibited the most dramatic increase in crown area at a mean rate of 3.0m2yr-1.
Identification of Gut Microbiota Profile Associated with Colorectal Cancer in Saudi Population

Simple Summary Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy in the world and is the second most common cancer in Saudi Arabia. The faecal-associated microbiota has been dynamically linked to CRC worldwide, which, in turn, may offer evidence for procarcinogenic bacterial effectors-associated with CRC pathophysiology. Studies in gut microbiome and CRC are lacking on Saudi population, which is unique in lifestyle, diet, and genetic backgrounds. Data from CRC-associated intestinal micobiome provided a deeper understanding of CRC and serve as baseline for CRC predicators. In this project, 16S rRNA (V3-V4) gene sequencing analyses coupled with patient’s demographic, diet, and clinical data were deployed to identify microbiota associated with late stages of CRC. Understanding CRC pathophysiology in relation to intestinal microbiota allows early screening of CRC and prognostic option, which has the potential to treat patients at early stage and follow up with patient status. This will result in better outcomes and more cost-effective treatments. This comprehensive approach stratified CRC patients resulting in a potential better health care. Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant global health concern. Microbial dysbiosis and associated metabolites have been associated with CRC occurrence and progression. This study aims to analyze the gut microbiota composition and the enriched metabolic pathways in patients with late-stage CRC. In this study, a cohort of 25 CRC patients diagnosed at late stage III and IV and 25 healthy participants were enrolled. The fecal bacterial composition was investigated using V3-V4 ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, followed by clustering and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) analyses. A cluster of ortholog genes’ (COG) functional annotations and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were employed to identify enrichment pathways between the two groups. The findings showed that the fecal microbiota between the two groups varied significantly in alpha and beta diversities. CRC patients’ fecal samples had significantly enriched populations of Streptococcus salivarius, S. parasanguins, S. anginosus, Lactobacillus mucosae, L. gasseri, Peptostreptococcus, Eubacterium, Aerococcus, Family XIII_AD3001 Group, Erysipelatoclostridium, Escherichia-Shigella, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Alistipes, Ralstonia, and Pseudomonas (Q < 0.05). The enriched pathways identified in the CRC group were amino acid transport, signaling and metabolism, membrane biogenesis, DNA replication and mismatch repair system, and protease activity (Q < 0.05). These results suggested that the imbalance between intestinal bacteria and the elevated level of the predicated functions and pathways may contribute to the development of advanced CRC tumors. Further research is warranted to elucidate the exact role of the gut microbiome in CRC and its potential implications for use in diagnostic, prevention, and treatment strategies.
Modeling the Influence of Taphonomic Destruction, Reworking, and Burial on Time-Averaging in Fossil Accumulations

Abstract A mathematical/computer model was constructed to explore the effects of changes in rates of taphonomic loss, sediment reworking, and burial on time-averaging in fossil deposits. Using a Monte Carlo algorithm, the main controlling variables were thickness of the taphonomically active zone (TAZ; the interval where shells are likely to be destroyed), depth of final burial (DFB; below which shells can no longer be reworked into the TAZ), and burial rate. Output included both the decay trajectory of shells above the DFB as well as the frequency distribution of post-mortem shell ages at final burial (entry into the fossil record). Output was justified ergodically as equivalent to time-averaging in a deposit. The model helps to illuminate several important concepts for time-averaging. For example, it clarifies that DFB and TAZ need not be coincident. In fact, the mechanism of shell sequestering (allowing shells to remain in a safe zone between the TAZ and DFB) as a means of shell survival for 100s or 1000s of years after death requires that DFB be below TAZ. In addition, the model demonstrates the use of a shell's expected residence times above TAZ and DFB as a means of comparing time-averaging from different settings. Lastly, the model focuses attention on the potential variability in time-averaging among fossil deposits created under identical conditions due to stochastic variation. These results indicate the useful role of models in developing a process-based understanding of the nature and controls of time-averaging in fossil accumulations.
A TRAVEL DEMAND MODEL FOR COPENHAGEN

This paper discusses how the Orestad Traffic Model (OTM) is an operative traffic model for Copenhagen. It consists of demand and assignment models for both passenger and freight transport. This paper focuses on the passenger demand model, which is a state-of-the-practice logit model where the generation, distribution and mode choice models are connected vial logsums. The OTM also contains a model for extreme traffic (i.e., port zone traffic) which is not covered in the paper. The model includes four segments, i.e., the business (BS) segment, the commuter (COM) segment, the education (EDU) segment, and the leisure (LS) segment. This segmentation is based on the observation that travelers have essentially different values of travel time for different travel purposes. Hence, changes in the traffic supply have different effects on travel demand.