Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A new stochastic STDP Rule in a neural Network Model

Thought to be responsible for memory, synaptic plasticity has been widely studied in the past few decades. One example of plasticity models is the popular Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity (STDP). The huge litterature of STDP models are mainly based deterministic rules whereas the biological mechanisms involved are mainly stochastic ones. Moreover, there exist only few mathematical studies on plasticity taking into account the precise spikes timings. In this article, we aim at proposing a new stochastic STDP rule with discrete synaptic weights which allows a mathematical analysis of the full network dynamics under the hypothesis of separation of timescales. This model attempts to answer the need for understanding the interplay between the weights dynamics and the neurons ones.
Dual-Polarized Probe for Planar Near-Field Measurement

A dual-polarized probe enables the simultaneous sampling of two orthogonal polarizations, which decreases the time for the characterization of co- and cross-polar properties of the antenna under test in transmission mode by 50%. In this work, a dual-polarized probe comprising of a square waveguide and grating polarizer-based orthomode transducer is presented. The Ku-band dual-polarized probe is manufactured in-house using additive manufacturing and coated with conductive paint. The simulated and measured <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$-$</tex-math></inline-formula>10 dB impedance bandwidth is between 10.7 and 14.5 GHz. The peak simulated and measured coupling between the orthogonal polarizations is less than <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$-$</tex-math></inline-formula>60 dB and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$-$</tex-math></inline-formula>40 dB, respectively.
Wideband High-Gain Omnidirectional Biconical Antenna for Millimeter-Wave Applications

A novel omnidirectional biconical antenna for millimeter-wave (mm-wave) wireless communications is investigated. It is loaded by an annular metal lens that consists of rotationally symmetric annular metal plates (MPs). A nearly uniform $E$ -field distribution can be obtained at the radiating aperture across a wide frequency range, giving a wideband high-gain omnidirectional antenna. The operating principle and design flowchart of the lens are given. To validate the idea, a Ka-band vertically polarized prototype was fabricated. Both its measured −10 dB impedance and 3 dB gain bandwidths are 43.9% (25.6–40.0 GHz), with the maximum measured gain given by 9.2 dBi. As compared with the conventional biconical antenna, our antenna can obtain a higher gain by ~4 dB across the entire impedance passband.
Solution of parabolic free boundary problems using transmuted heat polynomials

A numerical method for free boundary problems for the equation uxx−q(x)u=ut is proposed. The method is based on recent results from transmutation operators theory allowing one to construct efficiently a complete system of solutions for the above equation, generalizing the system of heat polynomials. The corresponding implementation algorithm is presented.
The Localization Transition in the Ultrametric Ensemble

We study the hierarchical analogue of power-law random band matrices, a symmetric ensemble of random matrices with independent entries whose variances decay exponentially in the metric induced by the tree topology on $\mathbb{N}$. We map out the entirety of the localization regime by proving the localization of eigenfunctions and Poisson statistics of the suitably scaled eigenvalues. Our results complement existing works on complete delocalization and random matrix universality, thereby proving the existence of a phase transition in this model.
The Effect of Implementation of Integrated Reporting on Company Value

This study aims to find out how the effect of the application of integrated reporting elements on the reporting of LQ 45 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2018 on company value in the period after the implementation of the integrated reporting element. Measurement of disclosure of integrated reporting elements using content elements developed by the International Integrated Reporting Committee in 2013. The content element of integrated reporting is identified through annual reports, sustainability reports, and information on the company's website. The samples in this study were selected using the purposive sampling method and 34 companies were selected. The results showed that the implementation of integrated reporting elements in company reporting affected the increase in company value in the period after the implementation of integrated reporting. The coefficient of determination of this study shows a value of 38.2% which means that the company value variable (Tobin's Q) can be explained by 38.2% by the disclosure of the integrated reporting element, while the remaining 61.8% is explained by other factors.
Distributed MIMO CW Radar for Locating Multiple People and Detecting Their Vital Signs

The distributed-multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) continuous-wave (CW) radar with low-intermediate frequency (low-IF) receiver that is proposed in this work uses uniform linear array (ULA) antennas to estimate the direction of arrival (DOA) of subjects and recover Doppler signals by the digital beamforming (DBF) technique. Without using any modulation bandwidth, the location of multiple subjects can be determined from the known antenna positions and the estimated DOAs. This work proves that the Doppler-weighted method improves the extraction of the initial phase of the baseband signal. With respect to the recovery of each subject’s vital signs, the modified-DBF is utilized to separate individual Doppler signals while nullifying interference. The frequency estimation algorithm (FEA) is used to improve the Doppler frequency and angular resolution by 50% and 44%, respectively, in the detection of two closely spaced moving metal plates. Finally, the presented system is experimentally validated by determining the locations and vital signs of people sitting side-by-side. The estimated DOA and position errors were less than 3.3° and 10 cm, respectively. With a 25 s sensing period, the errors in the measured respiration rates (RRs) and heart rates (HRs) were less than 1.2 breath/min and 3 beats/min, respectively.
A 60-GHz Variable-Gain Phase Shifter With an Active RL Poly-Phase Filter

A 60-GHz variable-gain phase shifter consisting of an active I/Q generator and Gilbert-cell-based summing amplifier fabricated in a 65-nm bulk CMOS process is presented here. The proposed I/Q signal generator is implemented by inserting an RL poly-phase filter into the interstage node of a cascode amplifier, which provides good interstage matching and results in a finite gain in the I/Q generator. It also provides good isolation characteristics between the I/Q generator and the subsequent vector-summing amplifier due to the common gate buffer stages. Therefore, it minimizes the rms gain and phase errors of the phase shifter by maintaining accurate I/Q signals regardless of the input impedance of the vector-summing amplifier, which varies with the gain and phase states. The vector-summing amplifier is operated by a current-steering digital to analog converter (DAC) to keep the total dc current constant regardless of the gain and phase states, which makes the output return loss constant. The DAC makes the vector-summing amplifier generate an arbitrary vector by determining the sizes of the I and Q vectors, and the double pole, double throw (DPDT) switch determines the quadrants. The rms gain and phase errors of the proposed variable-gain phase shifter show the values of 0.13 dB and 0.36°, respectively, at 60 GHz with 4-bit gain control in a 20-dB dynamic range and 5-bit phase control at 360°. In the 3-dB frequency range of 56.8–64.1 GHz, the rms gain and phase error outcomes are 0.26 dB and 1.44°, respectively. The chip area and overall power consumption are measured and found to be 0.55 mm2 and 14.52 mW, respectively.
Making spanning graphs

We prove that for each $D\ge 2$ there exists $c>0$ such that whenever $b\le c\big(\tfrac{n}{\log n}\big)^{1/D}$, in the $(1:b)$ Maker-Breaker game played on $E(K_n)$, Maker has a strategy to guarantee claiming a graph $G$ containing copies of all graphs $H$ with $v(H)\le n$ and $\Delta(H)\le D$. We show further that the graph $G$ guaranteed by this strategy also contains copies of any graph $H$ with bounded maximum degree and degeneracy at most $\tfrac{D-1}{2}$. This lower bound on the threshold bias is sharp up to the $\log$-factor when $H$ consists of $\tfrac{n}{3}$ vertex-disjoint triangles or $\tfrac{n}{4}$ vertex-disjoint $K_4$-copies.
$\{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E},\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}\}$ -Rota–Baxter Operators, Infinitesimal Hom-bialgebras and the Associative (Bi)Hom-Yang–Baxter Equation

Abstract We introduce the concept of a $\{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E},\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}\}$ -Rota–Baxter operator, as a twisted version of a Rota–Baxter operator of weight zero. We show how to obtain a certain $\{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E},\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}\}$ -Rota–Baxter operator from a solution of the associative (Bi)Hom-Yang–Baxter equation, and, in a compatible way, a Hom-pre-Lie algebra from an infinitesimal Hom-bialgebra.
Sharp uniform in time error estimate on a stochastic structure-preserving Lagrangian method and computation of effective diffusivity in 3D chaotic flows

In this paper, we study the problem of computing the effective diffusivity for a particle moving in chaotic flows. Instead of solving a convection-diffusion type cell problem in the Eulerian formulation (arising from homogenization theory for the Fokker-Planck equation), we compute the motion of particles in the Lagrangian formulation, which is modeled by stochastic differential equations (SDEs). A robust numerical integrator based on a splitting method was proposed to solve the SDEs and a rigorous error analysis for the numerical integrator was provided using the backward error analysis (BEA) technique [29]. However, the upper bound in the error estimate is not sharp. In this paper, we propose a completely new and sharp error analysis for the numerical integrator that allows us to get rid of the exponential growth factor in our previous error estimate. Our new error analysis is based on a probabilistic approach, which interprets the solution process generated by our numerical integrator as a Markov process. By exploring the ergodicity of the solution process, we prove the convergence analysis of our method in computing the effective diffusivity over infinite time. We present numerical results to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method in computing effective diffusivity for several chaotic flows, especially the Arnold-Beltrami-Childress (ABC) flow and the Kolmogorov flow in three-dimensional space.
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25 Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for water treatment are a growing research field with a large 26 variety of different concepts and materials being tested at laboratory scale. However, only few 27 Non peer-reviewed preprint – submitted and under review in Environmental Science & Technology 2 concepts have been translated into pilotand full-scale operation recently. One major concern are 28 the inconsistent experimental approaches applied across different studies that impede identification, 29 comparison, and upscaling of the most promising concepts. The aim of this tutorial review is to 30 streamline future studies on the development of new solutions and materials for advanced oxidation 31 by providing guidance for comparable and scalable oxidation experiments. We discuss recent 32 developments in catalytic, ozone-based, radiation-driven, and other mostly physical AOPs, and 33 outline future perspectives and research needs. Suitable figures-of-merit for comparison and 34 benchmarking of AOPs are reviewed. Since standardized experimental procedures are not available 35 for the majority of AOPs, we propose basic rules and key parameters for lab-scale evaluation of new 36 AOPs including selection of suitable probe compounds, model compounds, and scavengers for the 37 measurement of (major) reactive species. A two-phased approach to assess new AOP concepts is 38 proposed, consisting of (i) a feasibility-of-concept study phase with validation of major radical 39 species and comparison to suitable reference processes and materials, followed by (ii) a 40 benchmarking phase conducted in the intended water matrix for the process, applying comparable 41 and scalable parameters such as UV fluence or ozone consumption. Screening for transformation 42 products should be based on chemical logic and combined with complementary tools (mass balance, 43 chemical calculations) to advance mechanistic understanding of the process. 44 45
SARS-CoV-1-host interactions

3a, E, and 7a proteins in the induction of host cell death pathways. SARS(cid:0)CoV(cid:0)1 open frame(cid:0)3a binds host receptor interacting serine/threonine protein kinase facilitating RIPK3 oligomerization the ion channel functionality of viral 3a, inducing inflammatory Enhanced production release of proin-https://reactome.org
Equity Judgments: Context Effects in Gains and Losses

Background : Previous studies have evaluated mathematical models of equity judgments of two hypothetical employees with distinct merits. They found that the model of proportionality adequately described the data based on an algebraic additive rule of information integration. Nevertheless, there is a lack of evidence concerning the effect of a context of monetary losses on the rules of information integration. Objective : To assess the effect of monetary gains and losses on equity judgments, and the effect of the personal context in which the participants are involved in decision-making. Method : A repeated measures design with within-subjects factors was utilized: 7 levels of A’s merit x 5 levels of B’s merit x 2 contexts (gains and losses) x 2 between-subject factors (third-party allocation and self-allocation). Results : Statistically significant differences appeared between third-party allocation and self-allocation conditions for gains [ F (1,38) = 216.18, p < . 001, η 2 = . 85] and losses [ F (1,38) = 110.45, p < . 001, η 2 = . 71]. Conclusions : The additive rules of integration appeared in the gains scenario while the subtractive rules together with an aversion to inequity were observed in the losses context.
Truth-Preservation under Fuzzy pp-Formulas

How can non-classical logic contribute to the analysis of complexity in computer science? In this paper, we give a step towards this question, taking a logical model-theoretic approach to the analysis of complexity in fuzzy constraint satisfaction. We study fuzzy positive-primitive sentences, and we present an algebraic characterization of classes axiomatized by this kind of sentences in terms of homomorphisms and direct products. The ultimate goal is to study the expressiveness and reasoning mechanisms of non-classical languages, with respect to constraint satisfaction problems and, in general, in modelling decision scenarios.
On Growth of the Set A(A+1) in Arbitrary Finite Fields

Let $\mathbb{F}_q$ be a finite field of order $q$, where $q$ is a power of a prime. For a set $A \subset \mathbb{F}_q$, under certain structural restrictions, we prove a new explicit lower bound on the size of the product set $A(A + 1)$. Our result improves on the previous best known bound due to Zhelezov and holds under more relaxed restrictions.
A constructive approach to higher homotopy
 operations

In this paper we provide an explicit general construction of higher homotopy operations in model categories, which include classical examples such as (long) Toda brackets and (iterated) Massey products, but also cover unpointed operations not usually considered in this context. We show how such operations, thought of as obstructions to rectifying a homotopy-commutative diagram, can be defined in terms of a double induction, yielding intermediate obstructions as well.
Stochastic functional differential equations driven by G-Browniain motion with monotone nonlinearity

By using the Picard iteration scheme, this article establishes the existence and uniqueness theory for solutions to stochastic functional differential equations driven by G-Browniain motion. Assuming the monotonicity conditions, the boundedness and existence-uniqueness results of solutions have been derived. The error estimation between Picard approximate solution $y^k(t)$ and exact solution $y(t)$ has been determined. The $L^2_G$ and exponential estimates have been obtained. The theory has been further generalized to weak monotonicity conditions. The existence, uniqueness and exponential estimate under the weak monotonicity conditions have been inaugurated.
Behavior of domestic chickens – insights from a narrative review

The intensification of poultry production systems has brought major changes in domestic fowls' physical and social environment. The management of these birds has received considerable attention in recent years due to new demands from consumers, especially those related to welfare. Behavior is the way that animals respond to the different stimuli they encounter in their environment. The behavioral expressions of poultry and the application of this knowledge in the care of the stock plays an important part in the maximization of the production efficiency of the poultry chain. Thus, defining ethical limits and guidelines for poultry production is essential to promote the development of new production practices, and by that ensure quality and productivity without putting bird welfare at risk. This review is based on scientific literature and highlights the main behavioral expressions of domestic chickens, including social, feeding, and reproductive expressions, in addition to stereotypes and strategies for social adaptation. Thus, it will promote to the reader and for the scientific community a better understanding about subjects that are not frequently discussed and by that help behavioral analyzes.
Supersymmetric AdS backgrounds and weak generalised holonomy

We study supersymmetric AdS$_D$ backgrounds of eleven-dimensional or type II supergravity preserving $\mathcal{N}$ supersymmetries using generalised geometry. We show that a large class correspond precisely to spaces admitting a generalised $G_{D,\mathcal{N}}$ structure with a weak integrability condition, which we call "weak generalised holonomy". This class contains all such backgrounds with odd $D$, but for even $D$ we must impose a technical assumption concerning the inner products of Killing spinors. It is known that all compact smooth solutions are included, though our analysis is purely local. We show that the Killing superalgebras of such backgrounds are isomorphic to the standard $\mathcal{N}$-extended AdS$_D$ superalgebras, and give a geometric proof of the existence of isometries of the internal spaces which realise the AdS R-symmetry, as often assumed in explicit studies of such solutions.
No Percolation at Criticality on Certain Groups of Intermediate Growth

We prove that critical percolation has no infinite clusters almost surely on any unimodular quasi-transitive graph satisfying a return probability upper bound of the form $p_n(v,v) \leq \exp \left [-\Omega (n^\gamma )\right ]$ for some $\gamma>1/2$. The result is new in the case that the graph is of intermediate volume growth.
Risk Premiums in Interconnected Australian Electricity Markets

We provide an empirical analysis of the relationship between spot and futures prices in interconnected regional Australian electricity markets. Examining ex-post risk premiums in futures markets, we find positive and significant risk premiums for several of the considered regions. Therefore, electricity futures prices cannot be considered as an unbiased estimator of the average realized spot price during the delivery period. Market participants are willing to pay a significant additional compensation to hedge their exposure to price shocks and spikes in the spot market. We further demonstrate seasonal effects in the observed premiums as well as strong and positive correlations between the risk premiums across the considered markets. Overall, the observed premiums indicate risk aversion of market participants, in particular for the Queensland and Victoria electricity market. We also relate realized premiums to variables such as spot price levels, volatility, skewness and kurtosis prior to the delivery period. Due to the high correlation of the observed premiums across the regions, we apply a seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) approach. We find that in particular spot price levels, but also skewness and kurtosis of spot prices contribute significantly to the explanation of the realized risk premiums. JEL Classification: Q40, G32, G13
Bounds on the growth of high discrete Sobolev norms for the cubic discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equations on \begin{document}$ h\mathbb{Z} $\end{document}

We consider the discrete nonlinear Schr{\"o}dinger equations on a one dimensional lattice of mesh h, with a cubic focusing or defocusing nonlinearity. We prove a polynomial bound on the growth of the discrete Sobolev norms, uniformly with respect to the stepsize of the grid. This bound is based on a construction of higher modified energies.
A two-species hyperbolic–parabolic model of tissue growth

Abstract Models of tissue growth are now well established, in particular, in relation to their applications to cancer. They describe the dynamics of cells subject to motion resulting from a pressure gradient generated by the death and birth of cells, itself controlled primarily by pressure through contact inhibition. In the compressible regime, pressure results from the cell densities and when two different populations of cells are considered, a specific difficulty arises; the equation for each cell density carries a hyperbolic character, and the equation for the total cell density has a degenerate parabolic property. For that reason, few a priori estimates are available and discontinuities may occur. Therefore the existence of solutions is a difficult problem. Here, we establish the existence of weak solutions to the model with two cell populations which react similarly to the pressure in terms of their motion but undergo different growth/death rates. In opposition to the method used in the recent paper of Carrillo et al., our strategy is to ignore compactness of the cell densities and to prove strong compactness of the pressure gradient. For that, we propose a new version of Aronson–Bénilan estimate, working in L2 rather than We improve known results in three directions; we obtain new estimates, we treat dimensions higher than 1 and we deal with singularities resulting from vacuum.
Conditioned Score-Based Models for Learning Collision-Free Trajectory Generation

Planning a motion in a cluttered environment is a recurring task autonomous agents need to solve. This paper presents a first attempt to learn generative models for collision-free trajectory generation based on conditioned score-based models. Given multiple navigation tasks, environment maps and collision-free trajectories pre-computed with a sample-based planner, using a signed distance function loss we learn a vision encoder of the map and use its embedding to learn a conditioned score-based model for trajectory generation. A novelty of our method is to integrate in a temporal U-net architecture conditioning variables such as the latent representation of the environment and task features, using a cross-attention mechanism. We validate our approach in a simulated 2D planar navigation toy task, where a robot needs to plan a path that avoids obstacles in a scene.