Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE BROAD-LINED Type Ic SN 2012ap AND THE NATURE OF RELATIVISTIC SUPERNOVAE LACKING A GAMMA-RAY BURST DETECTION

We present ultraviolet, optical, and near-infrared observations of SN 2012ap, a broad-lined Type Ic supernova in the galaxy NGC 1729 that produced a relativistic and rapidly decelerating outflow without a gamma-ray burst signature. Photometry and spectroscopy follow the flux evolution from −13 to +272 days past the B-band maximum of −17.4 ± 0.5 mag. The spectra are dominated by Fe ii, O i, and Ca ii absorption lines at ejecta velocities of v ≈ 20,000 km s−1 that change slowly over time. Other spectral absorption lines are consistent with contributions from photospheric He i, and hydrogen may also be present at higher velocities (v ≳ 27,000 km s−1). We use these observations to estimate explosion properties and derive a total ejecta mass of ∼2.7 M☉, a kinetic energy of ∼1.0 × 1052 erg, and a 56Ni mass of 0.1–0.2 M☉. Nebular spectra (t > 200 days) exhibit an asymmetric double-peaked [O i] λλ6300, 6364 emission profile that we associate with absorption in the supernova interior, although toroidal ejecta geometry is an alternative explanation. SN 2012ap joins SN 2009bb as another exceptional supernova that shows evidence for a central engine (e.g., black hole accretion or magnetar) capable of launching a non-negligible portion of ejecta to relativistic velocities without a coincident gamma-ray burst detection. Defining attributes of their progenitor systems may be related to notable observed properties including environmental metallicities of Z ≳ Z☉, moderate to high levels of host galaxy extinction (E(B − V) > 0.4 mag), detection of high-velocity helium at early epochs, and a high relative flux ratio of [Ca ii]/[O i] >1 at nebular epochs. These events support the notion that jet activity at various energy scales may be present in a wide range of supernovae.
Current Concepts in Postoperative Pain Management Surgeries of Hip Joint: A Narrative Review

Hip surgery is a common surgical procedure in the elderly and leads to significant pain postoperatively. The hip joint has a complex innervation which is unlikely to be covered with any single modality of pain relief. Multimodal analgesia has been critical in facilitating early recovery and rehabilitation in these patients. Regional analgesia is an important component of multimodal analgesia regimens and is instrumental in achieving optimal patient outcomes. Single shot or continuous central or peripheral nerve blocks provide effective and safe postoperative analgesia, lower opioid consumption, faster rehabilitation, and a high level of patient satisfaction. An ideal regional anaesthesia technique for hip surgery should be motor sparing while providing effective perioperative pain relief. Regional anaesthesia has seen enormous growth in the recent past due to advances in technology and research. These blocks have shown analgesic efficacy, have an opioid-sparing effect, and enable better patient positioning for central neuraxial blocks. Some of the novel interfascial plane blocks like Pericapsular Nerve Group (PENG) block are now being explored for hip analgesia. Within a few years of being described, these novel nerve blocks have seen tremendous favour in the literature and are being extensively used in the current practice of analgesia for hip surgery. In the present review, we aim to discuss the various modalities of analgesia which have been utilised in the past and would discuss few of the newer blocks for hip surgery. Keywords: Nerve blocks, Ultrasonography, Analgesics, Total hip arthroplasty, Fascia illiaca block, Multimodal analgesia, Transmuscular, Quadratus lumborum block
Accurate PSF-matched photometry and photometric redshifts for the extreme deep field with the Chebyshev–Fourier functions

Photometric redshifts, which have become the cornerstone of several of the largest astronomical surveys like PanStarrs, DES, J-PAS or the LSST, require precise measurements of galaxy photometry in different bands using a consistent physical aperture. This is not trivial, due to the variation in the shape and width of the Point Spread Function (PSF) introduced by wavelength differences, instrument positions and atmospheric conditions. Current methods to correct for this effect rely on a detailed knowledge of the PSF characteristics as a function of the survey coordinates, which can be difficult due to the relative paucity of stars tracking the PSF behaviour. Here we show that it is possible to measure accurate, consistent multicolour photometry without knowing the shape of PSF. The Chebyshev-Fourier Functions (CHEFs) can fit the observed profile of each object and produce high signal-to-noise integrated flux measurements unaffected by the PSF. These total fluxes, which encompass all the galaxy populations, are much more useful for Galaxy Evolution studies than aperture photometry. We compare the total magnitudes and colours obtained using our software to traditional photometry with SExtractor, using real data from the COSMOS survey and the Hubble Ultra Deep Field. We also apply the CHEFs technique to the recently published Extreme Deep Field and compare the results to those from ColorPro on the HUDF. We produce a photometric catalogue with 35732 sources (10823 with S/N>5), reaching a photometric redshift precision of 2% due to the extraordinary depth and wavelength coverage of the XDF images.
Dirac Material Graphene

Abstract The paper presents an overview of graphene electronic structure in light of a general concept of emergent phenomena that result from the quantum phase transition caused by continuous symmetry breaking. In the current case, the spin symmetry breaking is provided by a drastic enhancement of pz odd electron correlation when the shortest distance between them, defined by C=C bond length, exceeds critical value Rcri. The UHF formalism clearly evidences the broken symmetry occurrence and perfectly suits to self-consistent description of the issue. Empirically supported and convincingly certified, the UHF emergents, such as (i) open-shell character of electron spinorbitals; (ii) spin polarization of electron spectrum; (iii) spin contamination; (iv) depriving the spin multiplicity of electronic states; (v) local spin pool at zero total spin density, and so forth greatly extend the view on ground states of graphene and other sp2 nanocarbons and not only give a clear vision of spin peculiarities of graphene chemistry but predicatively point to the occurrence of emergents related to graphene physics, such as ferromagnetism, superconductivity and topological nontriviality. The paper presents numerous experimental evidences supporting a deep interrelationship between emergent chemistry and emergent physics of graphene.
FATTY ACID PROFILE OF FAST FOODS, TRADITIONAL SNACKS AND SWEETMEATS OF BANGLADESH

A total of 184 samples from 18 varieties of commercial fast foods, traditional snacks and sweetmeats of Dhaka city were examined for fatty acid composition, percentage of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), and saturated fatty acid (SFA). Fatty acid methyl esters prepared from lipid extracts were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography using capillary columns. The percentage of total fatty acid of these foods was determined. In general, traditional snacks showed high proportion of SFA (ranged 24.4-65.5%) and fast foods showed high proportion of PUFA (ranged 11.9-52.8%). The MUFA content, on the other hand, in all foods ranged 29.8-42.3% with a predominant contribution by oleic acid (18:1). The findings of the study showed that these Bangladeshi commercial fast foods and traditional snacks were high in SFA especially in chicken patties (50.2%), beef pizza (48.1%), beef patties (46.6%), and all sweetmeats (ranged 52.8-65.5%) except kalojam (35.6%). The source of SFA in the fat fraction was basically animal fats and palm oil. The experimental results showed that the Bangladeshi young urbanites who are accustomed to fast foods culture seem to be in the risk of high energy intake with an excessive share of SFA.
Quantum Annealing Implementation of Job-Shop Scheduling

A quantum annealing solver for the renowned job-shop scheduling problem (JSP) is presented in detail. After formulating the problem as a time-indexed quadratic unconstrained binary optimization problem, several pre-processing and graph embedding strategies are employed to compile optimally parametrized families of the JSP for scheduling instances of up to six jobs and six machines on the D-Wave Systems Vesuvius processor. Problem simplifications and partitioning algorithms, including variable pruning and running strategies that consider tailored binary searches, are discussed and the results from the processor are compared against state-of-the-art global-optimum solvers.
Detection of enhancement in number densities of background galaxies due to magnification by massive galaxy clusters

We present a detection of the enhancement in the number densities of background galaxies induced from lensing magnification and use it to test the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect (SZE-) inferred masses in a sample of 19 galaxy clusters with median redshift z similar or equal to 0.42 selected from the South Pole Telescope SPT-SZ survey. These clusters are observed by the Megacam on the Magellan Clay Telescope though gri filters. Two background galaxy populations are selected for this study through their photometric colours;they have median redshifts zmedian similar or equal to 0.9 (low-z background) and z(median) similar or equal to 1.8 (high-z background). Stacking these populations, we detect the magnification bias effect at 3.3 sigma and 1.3 sigma for the low-and high-z backgrounds, respectively. We fit Navarro, Frenk and White models simultaneously to all observed magnification bias profiles to estimate the multiplicative factor. that describes the ratio of the weak lensing mass to the mass inferred from the SZE observable-mass relation. We further quantify systematic uncertainties in. resulting from the photometric noise and bias, the cluster galaxy contamination and the estimations of the background properties. The resulting. for the combined background populations with 1 sigma uncertainties is 0.83 +/- 0.24(stat) +/- 0.074(sys), indicating good consistency between the lensing and the SZE-inferred masses. We use our best-fitting eta to predict the weak lensing shear profiles and compare these predictions with observations, showing agreement between the magnification and shear mass constraints. This work demonstrates the promise of using the magnification as a complementary method to estimate cluster masses in large surveys.
Improved Monitoring of Wildlife Invasion through Data Augmentation by Extract–Append of a Segmented Entity

Owing to the continuous increase in the damage to farms due to wild animals’ destruction of crops in South Korea, various methods have been proposed to resolve these issues, such as installing electric fences and using warning lamps or ultrasonic waves. Recently, new methods have been attempted by applying deep learning-based object-detection techniques to a robot. However, for effective training of a deep learning-based object-detection model, overfitting or biased training should be avoided; furthermore, a huge number of datasets are required. In particular, establishing a training dataset for specific wild animals requires considerable time and labor. Therefore, this study proposes an Extract–Append data augmentation method where specific objects are extracted from a limited number of images via semantic segmentation and corresponding objects are appended to numerous arbitrary background images. Thus, the study aimed to improve the model’s detection performance by generating a rich dataset on wild animals with various background images, particularly images of water deer and wild boar, which are currently causing the most problematic social issues. The comparison between the object detector trained using the proposed Extract–Append technique and that trained using the existing data augmentation techniques showed that the mean Average Precision (mAP) improved by ≥2.2%. Moreover, further improvement in detection performance of the deep learning-based object-detection model can be expected as the proposed technique can solve the issue of the lack of specific data that are difficult to obtain.
Antecedents of skilled international immigrants to Vietnam: The importance of global network and institutional quality

This paper examines the demographic, economic, and social antecedents of international migrations of skilled laborers to Vietnam. We defined skilled immigrants as individuals who are working in professional positions, such as managers, CEO, specialist, and technical laborers. Using various econometric techniques for the sample of 63 provinces in Vietnam during the 2019–2020 period, our study highlights the importance of global network and institutional quality in promoting the international inflows of skilled workers to each province in Vietnam. The income of the host city and the lack of skilled labors in these cities captured by the level of young employment and skilled worker also play a critical role in skilled immigrants’ decisions.
CHARACTERIZING EXOPLANETARY ATMOSPHERES THROUGH INFRARED POLARIMETRY

Planets can emit polarized thermal radiation, just like brown dwarfs. We present calculated thermal polarization signals from hot exoplanets, using an advanced radiative transfer code that fully includes all orders of scattering by gaseous molecules and cloud particles. The code spatially resolves the disk of the planet, allowing simulations for horizontally inhomogeneous planets. Our results show that the degree of linear polarization, P, of an exoplanet's thermal radiation is expected to be highest near the planet's limb and that this P depends on the temperature and its gradient, the scattering properties, and the distribution of the cloud particles. Integrated over the disk of a spherically symmetric planet, P of the thermal radiation equals zero. However, for planets that appear spherically asymmetric, e.g., due to flattening, cloud bands or spots in their atmosphere, differences in their day and night sides, and/or obscuring rings, P is often larger than 0.1%, in favorable cases even reaching several percent at near-infrared wavelengths. Detection of thermal polarization signals can give access to planetary parameters that are otherwise hard to obtain: it immediately confirms the presence of clouds, and P can then constrain atmospheric inhomogeneities and the flattening due to the planet's rotation rate. For zonally symmetric planets, the angle of polarization will yield the components of the planet's spin axis normal to the line of sight. Finally, our simulations show that P is generally more sensitive to variability in a cloudy planet's atmosphere than the thermal flux is, and could hence better reveal certain dynamical processes.
Extreme Poynting flux in the dayside thermosphere: Examples and statistics

With the launch of the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program F‐15 spacecraft in late 1999, data for calculating Earth‐directed, magnetospheric Poynting flux became available for the 09–21 solar local time sectors. We have assembled a data base for this key element of the upper atmosphere energy budget, for the interval 2000–2005. Here we briefly introduce the data set and show a subset that reveals a pattern of extreme Poynting flux deposition associated with a large east‐west interplanetary magnetic field component. At such times the dayside high‐latitude Poynting flux may exceed 170 mW/m2—an order of magnitude above typical values. The likely source of these events is merging at the magnetopause flank and lobe. A significant fraction of these events occur with high speed solar wind. This pattern of extreme Poynting flux deposition has, to date, eluded detection. Energy deposition at these high rates is a likely source of previously reported, but poorly understood, near‐cusp neutral density enhancements.
Magnetic fields of young solar twins

The goal of this work is to study the magnetic fields of six young solar-analogue stars both individually, and collectively, to search for possible magnetic field trends with age. If such trends are found, they can be used to understand magnetism in the context of stellar evolution of solar-like stars and, the past of the Sun and the solar system. This is also important for the atmospheric evolution of the inner planets, Earth in particular. We used Stokes IV data from two different spectropolarimeters, NARVAL and HARPSpol. The least-squares deconvolution multi-line technique was used to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the data. We then applied a modern Zeeman-Doppler imaging code in order to reconstruct the magnetic topology of all stars and the brightness distribution of one of our studied stars. Our results show a significant decrease in the magnetic field strength and energy as the stellar age increases from 100Myr to 250Myr while there is no significant age dependence of the mean magnetic field strength for stars with ages 250-650Myr. The spread in the mean field strength between different stars is comparable to the scatter between different observations of individual stars. The meridional field component has the weakest strength compared to the radial and azimuthal field components in 15 out of the 16 magnetic maps. It turns out that 89-97% of the magnetic field energy is contained in l=1-3. There is also no clear trend with age and distribution of field energy into poloidal/toroidal and axisymmetric/non-axisymmetric components within the sample. The two oldest stars in this study do show a twice as strong octupole component compared to the quadrupole component. This is only seen in one out of 13 maps of the younger stars. One star, chi1 Ori displays two field polarity switches during almost 5 years of observations suggesting a magnetic cycle length of either 2, 6 or 8 years.
CD8+ T Cell Phenotype and Function in Childhood and Adult-Onset Connective Tissue Disease

CD8+ T cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes that destroy pathogen infected and malignant cells through release of cytolytic molecules and proinflammatory cytokines. Although the role of CD8+ T cells in connective tissue diseases (CTDs) has not been explored as thoroughly as that of other immune cells, research focusing on this key component of the immune system has recently gained momentum. Aberrations in cytotoxic cell function may have implications in triggering autoimmunity and may promote tissue damage leading to exacerbation of disease. In this comprehensive review of current literature, we examine the role of CD8+ T cells in systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren’s syndrome, systemic sclerosis, polymyositis, and dermatomyositis with specific focus on comparing what is known about CD8+ T cell peripheral blood phenotypes, CD8+ T cell function, and CD8+ T cell organ-specific profiles in adult and juvenile forms of these disorders. Although, the precise role of CD8+ T cells in the initiation of autoimmunity and disease progression remains to be elucidated, increasing evidence indicates that CD8+ T cells are emerging as an attractive target for therapy in CTDs.
Expression of PD-L1 and YWHAZ in Patients with Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma: A Possible Association with the Prognosis of Lymphoma

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common pathological subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and is the most common type of adult lymphoma. Due to the poor prognosis of relapsed/refractory DLBCL, new drug targets and therapeutic methods are urgently needed. We investigated the expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activating protein zeta (14-3-3ζ or YWHAZ) in patients with DLBCL. The purpose was to verify the expression levels of YWHAZ and PD-L1 and their relationships with the prognosis of DLBCL and to lay a foundation for further study on the role of YWHAZ and PD-L1 in DLBCL. Immunohistochemistry was used in 140 patients with DLBCL to test protein expression levels of YWHAZ and PD-L1. All patients were followed up in the hospital or by telephone or via WeChat. The positive expression rate of YWHAZ was 62.14% (87/140). The expression was negatively correlated with the positive expression of BAD (r = −0.177, P = 0.036) and positively correlated with the positive expression of BCL-2 (r = 0.180, P = 0.033). When the cut-off value for PD-L1 was established at 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%, the corresponding positive expression rates of PD-L1 were 79.66% (94/118), 51.69% (61/118), 40.68% (48/118), and 36.44% (43/118). YWHAZ significantly affected the OS of DLBCL (P ≤ 0.001). The prognosis of the patients was related to the positive expression of PD-L1 when the cut-off value of PD-L1 was 5% (P = 0.033). However, positive expression of PD-L1 was not associated with the prognosis when the cut-off values of PD-L1 were 10% (P = 0.404), 15% (P = 0.208), and 20% (P = 0.408). The positive expression of YWHAZ (hazard ratio 6.215; 95% confidence interval 3.214-12.017; P < 0.05) was an independent adverse prognostic factor for OS. YWHAZ may be an important oncogene in the occurrence and development of DLBCL and may be used as a therapeutic target. PD-L1 may be an oncogene or tumor suppressor gene in the occurrence and development of DLBCL. Different cut-off values of PD-L1 may affect the prognosis of DLBCL.
Design and Application of a Network Planning System Based on Digital Twin Network

As a real-time representation of physical entities in the digital world, digital twin (DT) has been widely used in several industrial fields, bringing significant efficiency gains and cost reductions. Network planning is a very important stage in network life cycle management. At this stage, comprehensive and effective use of network data and historical experience can not only greatly reduce the cost of network planning and construction, but also speed up the production and launch of technologies and products. In this paper, a network planning system based on digital twin network (DTN) is proposed. Aiming at the key problems faced by current network planning, we complete the overall architecture design of the system and the detailed design of each unit. Finally, we verified the applications of this system in practice, including the closed-loop process of network planning, the entire life cycle management of data, and the visualization of the whole process of network planning. It is shown that by using this general digital system, the efficiency and accuracy of network planning can be effectively improved and the cost can be reduced.
Traveling-wave antenna model for terahertz radiation from laser-plasma interactions

Generation of terahertz (THz) wave from air plasma induced by femtosecond laser pulses with a single central frequency (the so-called "single-color") is one of the fundamental interactions between light and matter, and is also the basis of subsequent pumping schemes using two- or multi-color laser fields. Recently, more states of media beyond gas (e.g., atomic cluster and liquid) via photo-ionization have brought new experimental observations of THz radiation, which can no longer be simply attributed to the mainstream model of the transition-Cherenkov radiation (TCR), thus making the whole picture unclear. Here, we revisited the mechanism of this dynamic process in a new view of the traveling-wave antenna (TWA) model. By successfully reproducing the reported far-field THz radiation profiles from various plasma filament arrangements, the wide applicability of the TWA theory has been revealed. On the other hand in the microscopic view, we investigated the plasma oscillation during filamentation aiming at further bridging the plasma filament and the antenna. Accordingly, THz-plasma resonance has been theoretically and experimentally demonstrated as the elementary THz emitter, paving the way towards fully understanding this important single-color plasma based THz source.