Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Review Article: The use of fenugreek supplementation in diabetes

Dietary health supplements have increasingly used in the prevention and treatment of chronic disorders. During the previous decades, fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seeds have been reported to have hypoglycemic and cholesterol lowering effects when used in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, and in experimental diabetic animals. The aim of this paper is to review fenugreek research findings relevant to its use in diabetes. There is convincing research evidence suggesting that fenugreek can improve hyperglycemia and has a protective effective against diabetic complications through immunomodulatory, insulin stimulation, and antioxidant effects, enhancing adipocyte differentiation, inhibition of inflammation in adipose tissues, and preventing or lessening pancreatic and renal damage. Many of the beneficial effects of fenugreek in diabetes have been attributed to four bioactive components including diosgenin, 4-hydroxyisoleucine, furostanolic saponins, and the fiber in fenugreek.
Ratio of the Dead to Wounded (D/W) Indicators and Associated Factors in Major Earthquakes of America from 1960 to 2011

The paper presented deals with the casualties, mortality, and morbidity occurred during the major earthquakes of America during a period of 51 years. The work provides statistical evidence that the deaths/wounded (D/W) ratio used for many agencies in the planning of the preparation and response activities to earthquakes does not fit the relation 1 : 3. In addition, a model is presented in order to evaluate the possible association between different analysis variables such as the subregion of the American continent affected, population density, HDI, and the time and magnitude of the earthquake and the effects of these on the death toll, the number of the wounded, and the D/W indexes. Although the model generated it is not robust enough for decision making, it could be useful and improvable in order to apply it in the planning and management of these kinds of natural disasters. For these reasons, we think that it would be interesting to do further progress in this line of research by making a more comprehensive study of the variables associated with mortality and morbidity, using a more representative sample of earthquakes that sure will confirm the results presented in this work.
Spatial Distribution and Associated Risk Factors of Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infection in a Semi-urban Community in Southwest Nigeria

: Parasite distribution exhibit heterogeneity within households and communities. The aim of this study is to identify the spatial distribution, clustering and associated risk factors of Soil-transmitted Helminths infection in a semi-urban area in Southwest Nigeria. Geographical information System (GIS) was used to map the town into three density areas; low, medium and high density areas. Two hundred and thirty six soil samples were obtained from the surroundings of 137 households and stool samples were collected from the inhabitant of the households. Moran index was used to analyze the spatial distribution of STH within the community. A total of 137 households were sampled for human STH and environmental soil samples from the household were analyzed. The prevalence of human STH infection was 41.7% while that of soil parasite was 27.7% within the selected household. Ascaris lumbricoides was the predominant STH infection in the community sampled with 24.1% prevalence followed by Hookworm. Spatial analysis showed that A. lumbricoides infection was significantly clustered only in the GIS mapped medium density area of Igbo-Ora (z-score 2.302, p=0.021), while hookworm infection was randomly distributed in all the GIS mapped areas of Igbo-Ora. There was a statistically significant association between human STH infection and presence of parasite in the household soil ( x 2 5.74, p-value 0.017). None of the risk factors evaluated was found to have significant association for the clustering pattern of infection found in the medium density area of the community. Meanwhile, factors such as; the physical presence of a popularly patronized local market in the area, lack of any visible public toilet and the use of bushes around the area by the people for defecation contribute to the reasons for the clustering of the Ascaris infection. Also, the ability of Ascaris to withstand environmental conditions than other STH parasite may contribute to the pattern observed. The differences in the pattern of distribution and associated risk factors revealed that environmental conditions and exposure factors are major determinant of STH infection.
Bio-inspired computing by nonlinear network dynamics—a brief introduction

The field of bio-inspired computing has established a new Frontier for conceptualizing information processing, aggregating knowledge from disciplines as different as neuroscience, physics, computer science and dynamical systems theory. The study of the animal brain has shown that no single neuron or neural circuit motif is responsible for intelligence or other higher-order capabilities. Instead, complex functions are created through a broad variety of circuits, each exhibiting an equally varied repertoire of emergent dynamics. How collective dynamics may contribute to computations still is not fully understood to date, even on the most elementary level. Here we provide a concise introduction to bio-inspired computing via nonlinear dynamical systems. We first provide a coarse overview of how the study of biological systems has catalyzed the development of artificial systems in several broad directions. Second, we discuss how understanding the collective dynamics of spiking neural circuits and model classes thereof, may contribute to and inspire new forms of ‘bio-inspired’ computational paradigms. Finally, as a specific set of examples, we analyze in more detail bio-inspired approaches to computing discrete decisions based on multi-dimensional analogue input signals, via k-winners-take-all functions. This article may thus serve as a brief introduction to the qualitative variety and richness of dynamical bio-inspired computing models, starting broadly and focusing on a general example of computation from current research. We believe that understanding basic aspects of the variety of bio-inspired approaches to computation on the coarse level of first principles (instead of details about specific simulation models) and how they relate to each other, may provide an important step toward catalyzing novel approaches to autonomous and computing machines in general.
Bayesian space-time data fusion for real-time forecasting and map uncertainty

Environmental computer models are deterministic models devoted to predict several environmental phenomena such as air pollution or meteorological events. Numerical model output is given in terms of averages over grid cells, usually at high spatial and temporal resolution. However, these outputs are often biased with unknown calibration and not equipped with any information about the associated uncertainty. Conversely, data collected at monitoring stations is more accurate since they essentially provide the true levels. Due the leading role played by numerical models, it now important to compare model output with observations. Statistical methods developed to combine numerical model output and station data are usually referred to as data fusion. In this work, we first combine ozone monitoring data with ozone predictions from the Eta-CMAQ air quality model in order to forecast real-time current 8-hour average ozone level defined as the average of the previous four hours, current hour, and predictions for the next three hours. We propose a Bayesian downscaler model based on first differences with a flexible coefficient structure and an efficient computational strategy to fit model parameters. Model validation for the eastern United States shows consequential improvement of our fully inferential approach compared with the current real-time forecasting system. Furthermore, we consider the introduction of temperature data from a weather forecast model into the downscaler, showing improved real-time ozone predictions. Finally, we introduce a hierarchical model to obtain spatially varying uncertainty associated with numerical model output. We show how we can learn about such uncertainty through suitable stochastic data fusion modeling using some external validation data. We illustrate our Bayesian model by providing the uncertainty map associated with a temperature output over the northeastern United States.
Style Analysis Methodology: Identifying the Car Brand Design Trends through Hierarchical Clustering

This paper aims to identify car design trends within various automobile manufacturers by investigating two objectives: first, finding similarities between car styles among different car brands from various automobile manufacturers to specify unique car designs which lead the trend; second, identifying the consistency of the brand design characteristics through hierarchical clustering. To do that, Fourier decomposition was used to quantify the car design similarities between 120 cars from 23 different brands. The calculated similarity index is then compared with network centrality measures to identify the clustering of the car brands. The quantified style data then can be applied to accurately predict the design trend. Thus this study can contribute to identify car style trends for strategic design decisions.
Effectiveness of Knowledge Management Strategies on Business Organizations in KSA: Critical Reviewing Study

Knowledge Management - KM has become an important strategic practice that helps firms to gain a competitive advantage. KM helps organisation to create, identify, document, store and redistribute the experiences, insights and knowledge that people have gained. The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of KM strategies in improving the performance of a lot of industrial and business organization in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. So, this paper has Focused on the KM implementation in KSA as well as problems with its associated solutions that KM strategies support. Also, in this paper we discuss some methods to overcome the barriers for KM implementation in KSA and makes important recommendations for starting knowledge networks. So, our paper search for answering the following main question: how the KM solution are implemented in KSA firms while still meeting the rules set by the government. Our main findings prove that the major organizations that apply KM effectively achieve better performance in view point of: productivity, turnaround time and overall organization efficiency.
Simple charge division readouts for imaging scintillator arrays using a multi-channel PMT

Three simple charge division circuits were assembled, and tested, as 2-D readouts for multi-channel photomultiplier tubes (MC-PMT). They were evaluated with an 8/spl times/8 array of individual scintillators (2/spl times/2/spl times/10 mm BGO) coupled to a 64 channel MC-PMT (Philips XP1722) via 25 cm long, 2 mm diameter, double clad, optical fibers (Kuraray). This type of /spl gamma/-ray imaging detector has many potential applications in medical and industrial imaging. Independent channel readout allows for the discrimination of scatter within the array, and higher count rates, but it requires an excessive amount of supporting electronics. This is specially true for multi-array imaging systems with hundreds, or thousands, of channels. In this study, the number of channels being read out was reduced from 64 to 4. This was achieved by the use of simple resistor networks which take advantage of the discretized nature of the scintillator array, the low crosstalk of the MC-PMT and low input impedance current-sensitive preamplifiers. For each circuit, the scintillator identification accuracy was compared. The identification accuracy as a function of deposited energy was also determined by exposure to various /spl gamma/ emitters. It was found that the preamplifier circuit noise contributed the most to the degradation of the detector's spatial response so several low noise op amps were evaluated. It was also determined that keeping the preamplifier input impedance small was necessary for accurate positioning. The timing resolution of the detector was slightly degraded by the readout circuit.
Research of Preparation and Properties of CaSO4/HAw Bone Graft Substitute

Calcium sulfate/hydroxyl apatite whiskers composite is possible to be used as bone graft substitute, for its biocompatibility, controllable degradation, and suitable mechanical properties. In this study, calcium sulfate/hydroxyl apatite whisker composites were fabricated and characterized. The characteristics of the composites were assessed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and immersing testing techniques. The composites prepared in this article have been confirmed to be ideally used as biodegradable implants.
The application of AI planning technology to crisis management tasks

This paper discusses the application of artificial intelligence (AI) planning technology to crisis management tasks in the context of several case studies involving military and non-military crisis management activities. In particular, the paper briefly outlines various crisis management tasks, highlights key decision-support and decision-making capabilities provided by AI planning technology, describes various crisis management domains in which they have been successfully demonstrated, and explores how these capabilities can be integrated with existing commercial software products.
Avoiding Numerical Instabilities in the Universal Line Model by a Two-Segment Interpolation Scheme

The universal line model is among the most accurate frequency-dependent transmission-line model available in Electromagnetic Transients Program-type simulation tools. One major drawback of this line model is that it sometimes gives unstable simulation results. The instability is related to the occurrence of close poles in the rational model of the propagation function which leads to large residue-pole ratios. In time-domain simulation, these large ratios give a magnification of the error associated with the interpolation of the reflected current wave which acts as the stimulus of the propagation function. An approach is described for avoiding the instability problem by introducing a two-segment interpolation scheme for the extraction of the current wave. The approach gives zero interpolation error when used together with the integration scheme known as recursive convolution and so error magnification becomes inconsequential. The new approach is demonstrated for pertinent examples, including one case with residue-pole ratios exceeding one million.
A New Method of Measuring Human Resource Output Value: An Analysis Based on New Understanding of Value Chain

To measure enterprise’s Human Resource Output Value (HROV), lots of concerned information and knowledge are needed, being faced with the conflicts derived from the mismatching of informational structures in enterprise. In enterprise’s Value Chain (VC), the output value of its step-by-step production could be explicated through the pricing in internal modulated marketing transactions between Responsibility Centers (RCs), endowed with corresponding rights, responsibility, and benefits to manage their resources including Human Resource (HR). Based on the decentralized and market-oriented organizational structure along with its VC, the degree of difficulty of measuring enterprise’s HROV could be reduced greatly by being decomposed at the level of RCs.
Estrogen Receptors as Molecular Targets of Endocrine Therapy for Glioblastoma

Hormonal factors may participate in the development and progression of glioblastoma, the most aggressive primary tumor of the central nervous system. Many studies have been conducted on the possible involvement of estrogen receptors (ERs) in gliomas. Since there is a tendency for a reduced expression of ERs as the degree of malignancy of such tumors increases, it is important to understand the role of these receptors in the progression and treatment of this disease. ERs belong to the family of nuclear receptors, although they can also be in the plasmatic membrane, cytoplasm and mitochondria. They are classified as estrogen receptors alpha and beta (ER⍺ and ERβ), each with different isoforms that have a distinct function in the organism. ERs regulate multiple physiological and pathological processes through the activation of genomic and nongenomic pathways in the cell. Nevertheless, the role of each isoform in the development and progression of glioblastoma is not completely clear. Diverse in vitro and in vivo studies have shown encouraging results for endocrine therapy as a treatment for gliomas. At the same time, many questions have arisen concerning the nature of ERs as well as the mechanism of action of the proposed drugs. Hence, the aim of the current review is to describe the drugs that could possibly be utilized in endocrine therapy for the treatment of high-grade gliomas, analyze their interaction with ERs, and explore the involvement of these drugs and receptors in resistance to standard chemotherapy.
Relationships Among Silence Climate,Employee Silence Behaviour and WorkAttitudes: The Role of Self-Esteem and Locus of Control

Employee silence behaviour is a major impediment in organisations' attempt to leverage on the stock of knowledge in its diverse workforce. In order to contribute to the nnderstanding ofthis concept, Dirnitras and Vakola tested a silence behaviour model in which silence climate was fmmd to affect the enactment of employees silence behaviour. The model tested in this study improved on this by accmmt:ing for the moderating role of selfesteem and locus of control and also indicating silence behaviour as both antecedent and outcome of work attitudes. Results obtained justify the reconunended expansion. Reconunendations are to always accmmt for individual differences in silence behaviour model and apply system management in the application of the model.
Vitamin D Status of the British African-Caribbean Residents: Analysis of the UK Biobank Cohort

The vitamin D status of the United Kingdom (UK) African-Caribbean (AC) population remains under-researched, despite an increased risk of vitamin D deficiency due to darker skin phenotypes and living at a high latitude. This cross-sectional study explored the vitamin D status and intake of AC individuals (n = 4046 with a valid serum 25(OH)D measurement) from the UK Biobank Cohort, aged ≥40 years at baseline (2006–2010). Over one third of the population were deficient (<25 nmol/L), 41.1% were insufficient (25–50 nmol/L) and 15.9% were sufficient (>50 nmol/L). Median (IQR) 25(OH)D was 30.0 (20.9) nmol/L. Logistic regression showed that brown/black skin phenotype, winter blood draw, not consuming oily fish and not using vitamin D supplements predicted increased odds of vitamin D deficiency, whilst older age and a summer or autumn blood draw were significantly associated with reduced odds of vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were prevalent in this AC population and is of considerable concern given the individual and societal implications of increased morbidity. Public health messaging for this group should focus on year-round vitamin D supplementation and increasing intakes of culturally appropriate vitamin D-rich foods. These data also support the urgent requirement for a revised vitamin D RNI for ethnic groups.
Safety evaluation of the DTaP5-IPV-Hib-HepB vaccine: a review

ABSTRACT Introduction The DTaP5-IPV-Hib-HepB vaccine is the most recently approved combination hexavalent vaccine. In Europe, it is licensed since 2016 for primary and booster vaccination in infants and toddlers above the age of 6 weeks to provide active immunization against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, poliomyelitis, invasive diseases caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b and hepatitis B. In the US, DTaP5-IPV-Hib-HepB is approved since 2018 in children 6 weeks through 4 years of age. Its safety profile has been extensively documented in infants and children born at term, and also data in preterm infants are made available. Areas covered In this article, we conducted a safety evaluation of the DTaP5-IPV-Hib-HepB vaccine in infants and toddlers considering evidence from clinical trials and post-marketing use, also with regard to data on special populations e.g. preterm infants. Expert opinion Based on the available data, the DTaP5-IPV-Hib-HepB vaccine has demonstrated a good safety profile, similar to that of other approved penta- and hexavalent vaccines. Rather, post-marketing data are limited and are frequently reported in combination with other hexavalent vaccines or are not adjusted for shares of vaccines use. Neither relevant interferences with other co-administered pediatric vaccines nor safety issues in premature infants have been shown.
Failure analysis of composite dielectric of power capacitors used in distribution systems

This paper describes the study of the reliability of capacitor units installed and operated in a distribution system during the period of 1980 through 1990. Failures of capacitor units in distribution substations can be detrimental to the supply of reliable power to consumers. To enhance utility reliability, failure analysis and rates, failure origin and physical damage causes were studied for these capacitor units. Two approaches, statistical and physical, were utilized in this study. In the statistical area, failure modes, reliability levels and failure causes are analyzed. The physical study mainly deals with the mechanism of deterioration of the composite dielectric. This paper models the capacitor's failure mathematical mode and calculates the capacitor failure rate. The results of the study on 2912 capacitor banks including 8736 capacitors installed at 153 distribution substations showed that the failure mode of capacitor units may be represented by a Weibull distribution and that each capacitor manufacturer has a different failure rate. Analysis showed that partial discharge properties are a critical indicator for capacitor failure mechanisms. Useful conclusions are presented both for power system operators and manufacturers. The methodology used in this study also applies to other equipment in the distribution system such as oil switches, transformers and insulators.
Dynamic bias circuit of CMOS power amplifier sensing dissipated signals

A dynamic bias technology is proposed to meet the linearity standards at high-power levels and simultaneously reduce power consumption at low-power levels for mobile WiMAX terminal application. The dynamic bias circuit makes the bias operate the power amplifier (PA) dynamically as the output power level is increased. The fabricated PA complies with the spurious emission of WiMAX standards up to 20 dBm with improvement in average power usage efficiency by a factor of 5.21 over a fixed bias PA.
16-level circular QAM transmissions over a Rayleigh fading channel

Techniques to improve the BER performance of 16-level QAM transmissions over Rayleigh fading channels are presented. Differential encoding, and a circular star constellation rather than the conventional square one is employed at the transmitter, while oversampling techniques combined with the prediction of the received signal envelope are used at the receiver. These procedures considerably enhance the BER performance. Whereas the BER of conventional 16-level QAM has a residual BER of 7*10/sup -2/, the enhancement procedures yield BERs of 2*10/sup -2/, 3*10/sup -3/ and 6*10/sup -4/ at channel SNRs of 15, 25 and 35 dB, respectively. >