Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Forecasting irrigation scheduling based on deep learning models using IoT

– Potatoes are one of the staple foods in Boyacá and play an important role in family nutrition and food security in Colombia. Therefore, timely and accurate information on the irrigation of this crop is relevant in agricultural decision-making, the sustainable development of its production and the reduction of unnecessary water consumption. This study estimated the irrigation prescription of a potato crop from crop meteorological information with the support of IoT technologies to solve the problem of inefficient water dosing in the crop. Two deep learning models were developed, a One-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (1D-CNN) and a short-term long-term memory neural network (LSTM). Training data was collected daily from a potato crop from 2018 to 2020 using two weather stations located in the UsoChicamocha irrigation district. To predict irrigation prescriptions, deep learning architectures were trained using Python® by selecting input climatic variables measured with a subsystem of sensors installed in the crop and an actuation subsystem with control of Latch-type solenoid valves, both remotely controlled wirelessly. The algorithms were validated by calculating precision metrics such as MSE and coefficient of determination. The results showed that the LSTM model surpassed the 1D-CNN model, obtaining training and validation errors less than 0.096 and presenting greater precision in the estimation of crop irrigation, giving a coefficient of determination R 2 between 0.881 and 0.919. Irrigation prediction algorithms using deep learning techniques achieved promising results and serve as a decision support tool for farmers to automatically decide when and how much water to irrigate.
Instabilités, turbulence et dynamo dans une couche de fluide cisaillée en rotation rapide : importance de l'aspect ondulatoire

Nous developpons un modele quasi-geostrophique (QG) ameliore en moyennant l'equation de Navier-Stokes le long de l'axe de rotation. Il permet de modeliser des fluides barotropes en rotation rapide dans un recipient axisymetrique de pente finie. Ce modele QG est utilise pour etudier les instabilites d'une couche de cisaillement (couche de Stewartson). Nous montrons que la pente est le parametre cle de l'instabilite, qui prend la forme d'ondes de Rossby. En plus de la viscosite, nous avons implemente une friction d'Ekman realiste (a partir de la formule de Greenspan) a notre modele QG. Ceci nous permet d'atteindre des regimes d'ecoulement tournants tres turbulents, avec une dissipation realiste a toutes les echelles. Nous observons des des spectres tres raides (loi puissance -5, correspondant a la turbulence d'ondes de Rossby) et des regimes stationnaires. Ces ecoulements sont des dynamos qui sont relativement faciles a demarrer, pour des nombres de Prandtl magnetiques (Pm) moderes a tres faibles. l'action dynamo semble s'etendre pour Pm arbitrairement petit, avec un nombre de Reynolds magnetique critique (Rm) approximativement constant. L'aspect ondulatoire de l'ecoulement est ici indispensable pour obtenir une dynamo. Enfin, nous essayons d'ajouter la force de Lorentz a notre modele de dynamo QG. Nous trouvons que la nature ondulatoire de l'ecoulement turbulent ne permet pas d'utiliser une approximation diffusive aux petites echelles.
Cost of diabetes mellitus and related macrovascular complications in Turkiye

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify the costs and resources used for diabetes mellitus (DM) and macrovascular complications in Turkiye. METHODS The “Cost of Illness” method and a bottom-up costing approach were used in this study. We used e-Nabiz to identify patients with DM and collected their data from 2016 to 2020. We also examined macrovascular complications such as acute coronary syndrome, unstable angina, coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular events, transient ischemic attacks, carotid artery syndrome, intracranial hemorrhage, diabetic foot, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and peripheral vascular disease using relevant ICD codes. No sampling was done; costs were calculated based on the entire population. When calculating per patient costs, all outpatient/inpatient, medication, intervention, and laboratory/screening tests were considered. RESULTS Between 2016 and 2020, the e-Nabiz database recorded 7,656,700 people diagnosed with diabetes, a prevalence of 10.4%. The total 2020 cost for treating diabetes was $4,526,212,569 (31,276,128,849 TL), with an average patient cost of $591.145. The health-care expense for 991,945 people diagnosed with major vascular complications due to diabetes was $1,013,004,565.0 (6,999,861,544.16 TL) in 2020, with a per patient average cost also of $591.145 (4048.81 TL). Breakdown of the total cost is 44% for healthcare, 34% for medication, 12% for insulin, 6% for oral antidiabetic drugs, and 1% for testing supplies. Women have a complication rate of 11.2%, while men have a higher rate of 20.8%. CONCLUSION DM is both a significant disease burden and an important economic burden. The findings will be a guide the development of effective strategies and sound health policies.
Formal Verification of a Change Control Process in Project Management

Compliance of processes in enterprises to internal policies and external regulations could be critical because failing to follow them could result in great losses, but manual compliance auditing is difficult and prone to errors and oversight. In this paper, we present a method for formally verifying the properties of Integrated Change Control processes using temporal logic. We express the process in terms of states, and then we formulate some of its key properties, such as prerequisites, reachability, definiteness, and cycles, using a temporal logic called Computation Tree Logic. The properties to verify in the case study we present are taken from actual change control process auditing practice in a large business in the food industry. We formally verify those properties using a model-checking tool. We end up with a formally verified Integrated Change Control process and more robust assurance of its correctness than can be reached for its informal counterpart. To the best of our knowledge, this has not been done before.
South Caucasus’ Unresolved Past and the Nagorno-Karabach Juncture

The Caucasus region represents a clear example of an area of unresolved ethnic and religious problems that thread throughout the region’s historical development. During the Soviet era, due to Kremlin’s strength and ability to control the processes, these issues were suppressed by the socialist ideal of a conflict-free society and remained swept under the rug. However, the Caucasian republics in particular represent an area of preserved ethnic and religious contradictions during the nearly seventy-year period of the Soviet Union. The paper aims at exploring the genesis and development of the ethnic and religious conflicts in the South Caucasus during the Soviet times, which after the disintegration of the USSR turned into permanent conflicts in this post-soviet space such as the conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh (between Armenia and Azerbaijan) and the ones in South Ossetia and Abkhazia, in Georgia. The study also seeks to explore the interstate aspect of those regional conflicts and the Russian role in them. Stalin’s consistent policy of active territorial redistributions deteriorated the situation, especially in the Caucasus region. Proof of the impossibility of consolidation in the region are the conflict points, South Ossetia and Abkhazia within the borders of Georgia, as well as Nagorno-Karabakh, which instigated an armed conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia. South Ossetia and Abkhazia have been on Georgian territory for many years. Nagorno-Karabakh, despite being inhabited by over 90% Armenian population, was part of Azerbaijani territory during the Soviet era. The Soviet policy failed to create conditions for an effective integration of the separate ethnicities. Evidence of these problems in the Caucasus still echoes in the Nagorno-Karabakh military conflict in the autumn of 2020.
Clinical Applications and Mechanical Properties of CAD-CAM Materials in Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry: A Systematic Review

Clinical outcomes of dental restorations depend primarily on the choice of materials used, and nowadays, dental CAD-CAM (Computer-Aided Design Computer-Aided Manufacturing) materials have strongly changed daily clinical practice. The aim of this systematic review is to analyze CAD-CAM dental materials according to their mechanical properties and in relation to their clinical applications. A literature review was performed on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, and the Cochrane Library. Articles addressing at least one of the following topics regarding dental materials for CAD-CAM systems: manufacturers, mechanical features, materials’ composition, optical properties, clinical indications, and/or outcomes were included in the review. A flowchart was performed as described in the PRISMA guidelines. Among the 564 articles found, 63 were analyzed and evaluated. Within the limitations of this systematic review, it can be concluded that CAD-CAM materials present a wide range of clinical applications due to their improved mechanical properties. Specifically, in addition to materials that have been in use for a long time (such as feldspathic ceramics), resin block composites can also be used for permanent restorations.
Drinking Warm Water Promotes Performance by Regulating Ruminal Microbial Composition and Serum Metabolites in Yak Calves

Yaks live in the harsh environment of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, and the cold climate causes lower growth efficiency. The aim of this experiment was to explore the effects of drinking warm water on the growth performance in yak calves and investigate the underlying physiological mechanisms. A total of 24 Datong yak calves were selected and randomly assigned into the cold water group (group C, water temperature around 0–10 °C without any heating; 58.03 ± 3.111 kg) and the warm water group (group W, water constantly heated at 2 °C; 59.62 ± 2.771 kg). After the 60-day experiment, body weight was measured, and rumen fluid and blood serum samples were collected for analysis. The results show that the body weight and average daily gain of yaks that drank warm water were higher compared to those that drank cold water (p < 0.05). The acetic, propionic, isobutyric, valeric, and isovaleric acid concentrations were higher in group W than in group C (p < 0.05). Additionally, warm water changed the ruminal microbes at different levels. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Tenericutes, Kiritimatiellaeota, and Elusimicrobiota was higher in group C (p < 0.05). At the genus level, three genera were increased by warm water, including Ruminococcoides and Eubacteriales Family XIII. Incertae Sedis, and 12 genera were decreased, including Ruminococcus (p < 0.05). At the species level, unclassified Prevotellaceae and Ruminococcoides bili were increased by warm water compared to cold water (p < 0.05). According to the metabolomics results, metabolites, including valine, isoleucine, PC (15:0/22:2(13Z,16Z)), and LysoPC (18:0/0:0), were increased in the warm water group compared to the cold water group (p < 0.05), and were enriched in glycerophospholipid and amino acid metabolism pathways. This study analyzed the differences in ruminal microbes and metabolomes of yak calves provided with water at different temperatures and revealed the potential mechanism for better performance promoted by warm drinking water.
Real-Time Localization and Colorful Three-Dimensional Mapping of Orchards Based on Multi-Sensor Fusion Using Extended Kalman Filter

To realize autonomous navigation and intelligent management in orchards, vehicles require real-time positioning and globally consistent mapping of surroundings with sufficient information. However, the unstructured and unstable characteristics of orchards present challenges for accurate and stable localization and mapping. This study proposes a framework fusing LiDAR, visual, and inertial data by using the extended Kalman filter (EKF) to achieve real-time localization and colorful LiDAR point-cloud mapping in orchards. First, the multi-sensor data were integrated into a loosely-coupled framework based on the EKF to improve the pose estimation, with the pose estimation from LiDAR and gyroscope acting as the predictions, while that from visual-inertial odometry acting as the observations. Then, the Loam_Livox algorithm was enhanced by incorporating color from the image into the LiDAR point cloud, enabling the real-time construction of a three-dimensional colorful map of the orchard. The method demonstrates a high accuracy for localization in different motion trajectories (average RMSE: 0.3436) and different scenarios (average RMSE: 0.1230) and clear and efficient construction of three-dimensional colorful mapping, taking only 75.01 ms in localization and mapping for a frame of LiDAR point cloud. This indicates the proposed method has a great potential for the autonomous navigation of agricultural vehicles.
A Fast PV MPPT Scheme Using Boundary Control With Second-Order Switching Surface

The continuously increasing demand of renewable energy has advanced the development of photovoltaic (PV) systems and maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms. The classic hill-climbing plus proportional-integral technique is being challenged under rapidly changing environmental conditions. This paper proposes an MPPT algorithm with fast transient responses, while maximizing the efficiency of PV applications. This novel approach employs a dp/dv tracking method in conjunction with a second-order switching surface controller in a boost-type converter. Successful tracking of the maximum power point (MPP) is achieved in switching-cycle level with a precise voltage ripple control. A 280-W converter embedded with the proposed controller is built and tested with multiple PV panels. Experiment results show that the proposed scheme can reach a new MPP in 300 μs and show a good agreement with the derived theory.
Variation of local time and new extensions to Ito's formula

In this doctoral thesis, first we prove the continuous semimartingale local time Lt is of bounded p-variation in the space variable in the classical sense for any p > 2 a.s. , and based on this fact we define the integral of local time in the sense of Young integral, and in the sense of Lyons' rough path integral, so that we obtain the new extensions to Tanaka–Meyer's formula for more classes of f. We also give new conditions to two-parameter Young integral and extend Elworthy–Truman–Zhao's formula. In the final part we define a new integral, i.e. stochastic Lebesgue–Stieltjes integral and extend Tanaka–Meyer's formula to two dimensions.
Financial and environmental resilience in times of crisis: A study of covid-19’s effects on Moroccan environmental companies

The analysis of Moroccan companies’ resilience is of extreme importance, especially in times of crisis. Covid-19 is an example that revealed the shortcomings and weaknesses of most Moroccan companies when it comes to crisis anticipation and management. In this paper, we have chosen to study the case of companies from two important industries in Morocco: agriculture and tourism. The aim is to investigate the level of preparation of these companies for the crisis, their reaction during the pandemic, and the lessons learned to be more resilient. The two case studies show a lack of preparation due to the sudden occurrence of the crisis, however, the impact was different between the two, due to the nature of the activity and the business size; one is a small local company (agriculture) and the other is the branch of a multinational one (hospitality). The study case results show that most of the companies’ functions were impacted (procurement, production, sales, etc.). These companies’ reaction was different as well, from acting on the inventories and managing the production (Agriculture Company) to optimizing human and financial resources and exploring swinging activities (Hospitality Company). Both got government support. The two companies agreed that the most important aspect of resilience is finance resilience which considers the wider definition of “generating value” that includes in addition to the turnover, the environment, the social and governance aspects (commonly known as ESG). According to the case study, for better resilience in the future, a greater awareness of the importance of financial & environmental resilience is key, and the use of performance metrics and indicators (KPIs) is the way, to allow close monitoring of the activity to be alarmed in advance and strategically anticipate big crises.
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF PADDY FIELD SOIL SAMPLES FROM WARORA TAHSIL, DISTRICT CHANDRAPUR, MAHARASHTRA, INDIA

: In the present investigation physico-chemical status of paddy field soil samples from Warora Tahsil, District Chandrapur, Maharashtra, India has been studied for the period of 2 years from February 2020 to February 2022. Warora Tahsil has an area of 1028.93 km2, the area under cultivation is around 54602 hectors. Warora Tahsil has rice cultivation area of 2884 hectors. Soil samples were collected from Temurda, Khairgaon, Shegaon BK, Chargaon BK, Arjuni, and Dadapur to study the physico-chemical status like colour, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium from paddy soil of Warora Tahsil. This study finding of soil analysis revealed that colour of soil ranges from blackish brown to red, pH (7.4 to 7.77), electrical conductivity (0.2 to 0.5 mS/cm), Nitrogen (112-118 kg per hectare), Phosphorus (10.4 to 11.7 Kg per hectare) and Potassium (240 to 290 kg per hector). Result of this investigation will help farmers to solve the problems related to the soil nutrients and better management of fertilizers in paddy fields.
INVESTIGATION PHYTOCONSTITUENT FROM THE LEGUME OF CADABA FRUTICOSE L.DRUCE FROM WARDHA DISTRICT (MS) INDIA

: The Cadaba fruticosa (L.) Druce is a wild plant belonging to the Family of Capparaceae. The plant from the past has many plants have medicinally important properties. Some of them are Antimicrobial, anti-cancer, Antidiabetic, Antioxidant Activity Ant Inflammatory Activity. The present study focused on the preliminary phytochemical analysis of legumes or fruits. The result reveals the presence of bioactive constituents comprising alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic, tannins, glycosides, steroids, and saponin in different solvents. The phytoconstituent which are observed have a medicinal value that helps mankind.
Remote Measurements of Tear Electrolyte Concentrations on Both Sides of an Inserted Contact Lens

In this paper, a method is described to perform ion concentration measurements on both sides of an inserted contact lens, without physical contact with the eye or the contact lens. The outer surface of an eye is covered with a tear film that has multiple layers. The central aqueous layer contains electrolytes and proteins. When a contact lens is inserted, it becomes localized in the central layer, which creates two layers known as the pre-lens tear film (PLTF) and the post-lens tear film (PoLTF). The PoLTF is in direct contact with the sensitive corneal epithelial cells which control electrolyte concentrations in tears. It is difficult to measure the overall electrolyte concentration in tears because of the small 7 μL volume of bulk tears. No methods are known, and no method has been proposed, to selectively measure the concentrations of electrolytes in the smaller volumes of the PLTF and the PoLTF. In this paper, we demonstrate the ability to localize fluorophores on each side of a contact lens without probe mixing or diffusion across the lens. We measured the concentration of sodium in the region of the PoLTF using a sodium-sensitive fluorophore positioned on the inner surface of a contact lens. The fluorescence measurements do not require physical contact and are mostly independent of eye motion and fluorophore concentration. The method is generic and can be combined with ion-sensitive fluorophores for the other electrolytes in tears. Instrumentation for non-contact measurements is likely to be inexpensive with modern opto-electronic devices. We expect these lenses to be used for measurements of other ions in the PLTF and the PoLTF, and thus become useful for both research and in the diagnosis of infections, keratitis and biomarkers for diseases.
A Stress-Strain Model for Unconfined Concrete in Compression considering the Size Effect

In this study, a stress-strain model for unconfined concrete with the consideration of the size effect was proposed. The compressive strength model that is based on the function of specimen width and aspect ratio was used for determining the maximum stress. In addition, in stress-strain relationship, a strain at the maximum stress was formulated as a function of compressive strength considering the size effect using the nonlinear regression analysis of data records compiled from a wide variety of specimens. The descending branch after the maximum stress was formulated with the consideration of the effect of decreasing area of fracture energy with the increase in equivalent diameter and aspect ratio of the specimen in the compression damage zone (CDZ) model. The key parameter for the slope of the descending branch was formulated as a function of equivalent diameter and aspect ratio of the specimen, concrete density, and compressive strength of concrete. Consequently, a rational stress-strain model for unconfined concrete was proposed. This model reflects trends that the maximum stress and strain at the peak stress decrease and the slope of the descending branch increases, when the equivalent diameter and aspect ratio of the specimen increase. The proposed model agrees well with the test results, irrespective of the compressive strength of concrete, concrete type, equivalent diameter, and aspect ratio of the specimen.
Gulls, gull-caves and cambering in the southern Cotswold Hills, England

The study of fissures and caves formed by mass movement is important not only because they are a significant geohazard, but because such caves can be repositories for palaeogeographic information. In southern Britain, such open joints in solid strata are known as gulls. In the southern Cotswold Hills, a sequence of interbedded limestones and mudstones has been deeply dissected by the River Avon and its tributaries. Mass-movement and cambering has opened up narrow gulls and larger gull-caves to a far greater extent than had previously been realized. Surveys made inside the extensive abandoned Box Freestone Mine have allowed the spatial distribution of these features to be mapped. We found that the direction of extension is not always in the direction of topographic gradient; locally it can be influenced by the stratal dip direction. In some areas, abrupt changes in the orientation of valley sides have allowed mass movement in two directions, creating rectilinear networks of gull-caves. A quantitative assessment of the valley-ward extension of the strata caused by gulling was made in Box stone mines. Extension may often exceed 5%, and locally may reach 10% in discrete zones. Evidence of preferential dissolution along the NW-SE joint set in these gull-caves suggests former groundwater flow to the northwest, and not to the present River Avon valley. This indicates that the River Avon has subsequently captured the dip slope streams that fed the River Thames headstreams. The greatly enhanced flow of the River Avon after this capture caused rapid over-deepening of the valley, which triggered the original cambering and thus formation of the gull-caves themselves.