Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the circumstellar environment of SS433

We present new 8200-8900 A high-resolution spectroscopic observations of the unusual accreting source SS433. The spectra are highly variable on a night-to-night basis, and are dominated by emission from the Paschen series and O iemission. Differences in line profiles between the two species suggest that they arise in kinematically distinct and highly variable circumstellar regions. Moreover, the strength of O iemission argues against identifying the mass donor as a Wolf-Rayet star since we might expect oxygen to be depleted by the CNO cycle in such a star. Weak N iabsorption lines are present, which, if arising in the photosphere of the mass donor would imply a spectral type of B5 or later. However, no evidence was found for orbital modulation in their radial velocity curves suggesting that they too arise in the accretion-driven outflow. Finally, by analogy to the massive close binary RY Scuti, we suggest that the recent detection of a mid-infrared excess attributed to warm dust may arise in a circumbinary disc, implying that SS433 hosts a rich, highly structured circumstellar environment driven by the high mass-transfer rate from the mass donor.
Fast Fourier transform based image compression algorithm optimized for speckle interferometer measurements

In the framework of European Space Agency (ESA) FluidPac satellite mission, we have developed a fast, lossy image compression algorithm (ICA) based on a slight variation of the classical 2-D fast Fourier transform (FFT). In essence, given a monochrome picture, the ICA calculates (almost) its Fourier spectrum. It then applies a low-pass filter to eliminate all Fourier coefficients beyond a certain user-defined cutoff frequency. Finally, it further compresses by encoding the surviving FFT coefficients in a more memory efficient manner. The proposed scheme works best with pictures where the high-frequency data are of little value. This is precisely the case with electronic speckle pattern interferometer (ESPI) images. The ICA low-pass filter removes the speckle noise while preserving the useful scientific information: the interference fringe pattern. We have, however, also applied the FluidPac ICA to pictures generated by classical interferometers, photographic equipment, particle tracing instruments, and IR cameras. The results are extremely encouraging.
Fast heating of super-solid density plasmas towards laser fusion ignition

We have studied fast heating of highly compressed plasmas using multi 100 TW laser light. Efficient propagation of the ultra-intense laser light and heating of the imploded plasmas were realized with a cone-attached shell target. Energy deposition rate of the ultra-intense laser pulse into high-density plasmas was evaluated from neutron measurements. Generation and propagation property of energetic electrons in the ultra-intense laser interactions were also investigated with solid density targets. About 40% of the laser energy converted to mega electron volts energetic electrons in the interactions with solid targets at intensities of 10 19 W cm -2 . These electrons propagated in the high-density plasmas with a divergence of 20-30° or jet-like collimation. Taking account of these experimental results, heating laser spot size is optimized for laser fusion ignition with a simple estimation.
Common practical questions – and answers – at the British Association for Psychopharmacology child and adolescent psychopharmacology course

The British Association for Psychopharmacology course on child and adolescent psychopharmacology has been run for more than 20 years and is currently a very popular course, attracting around 140 delegates/year from across the United Kingdom and abroad. As Faculty of recent sessions of the course, we have selected the most common questions we have been asked in recent years and provided evidence-based and/or expert-informed answers. We have included 27 questions and answers related to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, anxiety and depressive disorders, autism spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder, eating disorders, epilepsy (in differential diagnosis or comorbid with mental health conditions), obsessive-compulsive disorder, personality disorders, psychotic spectrum disorders, and tics/Tourette syndrome in children and young people. We hope that this article will be helpful for prescribers in their daily clinical practice and we look forward to further, high-level evidence informing the answers to these and other questions in child and adolescent psychopharmacology.
Smartphone Usage before and during COVID-19: A Comparative Study Based on Objective Recording of Usage Data

Most studies that claimed changes in smartphone usage during COVID-19 were based on self-reported usage data, e.g., that collected through a questionnaire. These studies were also limited to reporting the overall smartphone usage, with no detailed investigation of distinct types of apps. The current study investigated smartphone usage before and during COVID-19. Our study used a dataset from a smartphone app that objectively logged users’ activities, including apps accessed and each app session start and end time. These were collected during two periods: pre-COVID-19 (161 individuals with 77 females) and during COVID-19 (251 individuals with 159 females). We report on the top 15 apps used in both periods. The Mann–Whitney U test was used for the inferential analysis. The results revealed that the time spent on smartphones has increased since COVID-19. During both periods, emerging adults were found to spend more time on smartphones compared to adults. The time spent on social media apps has also increased since COVID-19. Females were found to spend more time on social media than males. Females were also found to be more likely to launch social media apps than males. There has also been an increase in the number of people who use gaming apps since the pandemic. The use of objectively collected data is a methodological strength of our study. Additionally, we draw parallels with the usage of smartphones in contexts similar to the COVID-19 period, especially concerning the limitations on social gatherings, including working from home for extended periods. Our dataset is made available to other researchers for benchmarking and future comparisons.
Dry etch damage in InN, InGaN, and InAlN

Changes in conductivity of InN, In0.5Ga0. 5N, and In0.5Al0. 5N layers exposed to Ar plasmas under both electron cyclotron resonance and reactive ion etching conditions have been measured as a function of rf power, pressure, and exposure time. The combination of high microwave and high rf powers produces large increases (10–104 times) in sheet resistance of the nitrides, but conditions more typical of real etching processes (rf power <150 W) do not change the electrical properties. The nitrides are more resistant to damage introduction than other III–V semiconductors. The removal of damage‐related traps occurs with an activation energy of ∼2.7 eV.
The Variation Characteristics and Prediction Performance of TEC in the Geomagnetic Latitude and Local Time Coordinate

Total electron content (TEC), as one of the most valuable ionosphere parameters, has many variation characteristics. The TEC has specific characteristics at a given time, suggesting that the global TEC morphology distribution is maintained for a period. We consider the global ionosphere map (GIM) to be the actual ionospheric electron density integration, predict the GIM by a previous period in a geomagnetic latitude and local time (LT) coordinate system, and compare the differences between these two GIMs. The objective of this research is to find the morphological properties of global TEC in the geomagnetic latitude and LT coordinate system, reveal ionospheric behavior and predict TEC using an uncomplicated method. The GIM data for a solar cycle (2009–2020) are used to find the error characteristics and prediction performance of TEC in this coordinate. The equatorial ionization anomaly is the dominant error region. This error shows diurnal and seasonal variations and has a strong correlation with solar activity. The prediction error of this method is smaller than that of the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model, especially in high solar activity years. The root mean square error of the 3‐hr prediction is 6.53 in 2014 and 2.02 TECU in 2019, and it is 28.5% smaller than that of IRI on average for 2009–2020.
Adaptive cluster synchronisation of coupled harmonic oscillators with multiple leaders

In this study, the authors investigate the cluster synchronisation of coupled harmonic oscillators with multiple leaders in an undirected fixed network. Unlike many existing algorithms for cluster synchronisation of complex dynamical networks or group consensus of multi-agent systems, which require global information of the underlying network such as eigenvalues of the coupling matrix or centralised control protocols, we propose a novel decentralised adaptive cluster synchronisation protocol for coupled harmonic oscillators. By using the decentralised adaptive cluster synchronisation protocol and without using any global information of the underlying network, all oscillators in the same group asymptotically synchronise with the corresponding leader even when only one oscillator in each group has access to the information of the corresponding leader. Numerical simulation results are presented to illustrate the theoretical results.
Value of Serum NGAL Combined with Serum Cystatin C for Predicting Acute Kidney Injury in Preterm Neonates with Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Background: The most frequent cause of respiratory failure in preterm newborns, as well as the most frequent cause of mortality and long-term morbidity associated with prematurity, is respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). RDS affects half of newborns with birth weights (BW) under 1.5 kg, and a sizable portion of those newborns also experience acute kidney injury (AKI). Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify useful biomarkers (serum cystatin C and Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin ( NGAL) to predict AKI in premature infant with RDS. Patients and Methods: This was a prospective (case-control) study was conducted on 90 preterm neonates between 28 and 36 gestational weeks (GW) from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Benha University hospitals. Serum creatinine, Blood urea nitrogen Levels, Serum cystatin C and Serum NGAL were measured for all included neonates. Results: Serum creatinine showed no significant difference between the studied groups at day 3 (P = 0.273). At day 5 and day 7, it was significantly higher in group I (1.4 & 1.8 mg/dl, respectively) than groups II (0.7 & 0.6 mg/dl, respectively) and III (0.6 & 0.5 mg/dl, respectively). Also, it was significantly higher in group II (0.7 & 0.6 mg/dl, respectively) than group III (0.6 & 0.5 mg/dl, respectively). Serum cystatin C and serumNGAL showed an overall significant difference between the studied groups at day 3 (P < 0.001). In post hoc analyses, it was significantly higher in group I (1.7 mg/l) than groups II (1.1 mg/l) and III (01 mg/l). Conclusion: NGAL and sCys C levels were found to have a statistically significant association with development of AKI in preterm neonates with RDS and they were elevated earlier than sCr which makes NGAL and sCys C a good predictive marker for AKI in preterm neonates better than sCr.
The origin and distribution of gas within rich clusters of galaxies - The evolution of cluster X-ray sources over cosmological time scales

We describe the evolution of X-ray properties of rich clusters as a function of redshift z for models in which the radiation is thermal bremsstrahlung from hot gas which has accumulared in the cluster either by infall of an intergalactic medium (IGM) or by mass injection from the member galaxies. The principal approximation in our time-dependent numerical simulations is the assumption that the cluster gravitation potential is static; within this context we find that the cluster atmosphere evolves to configurations which ate quasi-steady and in approximate hydrostatic equilibrium over Hubble time scales. Scaling laws are given which may be used to generalize the results to a wide variety of cluster and gas parameters.For models in which the gas is formed by infall of IGM, luminosities are approximately constant for z > or approx. = 1.3 if electron thermal conduction is suppressed, and rise with time otherwise. For mass injection models, large mass injection rates imply a slowly decreasing luminosity with time, since thermal instability in the central core tends to result in a steady inflow of material regulated by the radiative energy losses of the core; for lower mass injection rates, the luminosity rises with time.We consider how the modelsmore » (mass injection or infall, with or without conduction) may be distinguished, noting that emission line measurements presently favor injection mechanisms. We discussed the use of cluster X-ray sources in cosmological tests within the context of our results. « less
Electromagnetic field fluctuations, Raman scattering, and optical nonlinearities in metal-dielectric films

A theory of optical, infrared, and microwave response of metal- dielectric inhomogeneous films is developed. The generalized Ohm's law is formulated. In this approach electric and magnetic fields outside a film can be related to the currents inside the film. Our computer simulations, show that the local electric and magnetic fields experience giant spatial fluctuations. The fields are localized in small spatially separated peaks: electric and magnetic hot spots. In these hot spots the local fields (both electric and magnetic) exceed the applied field by several orders of magnitude. The high-order field moments that characterize the average enhancement of Raman scattering and nonlinear optical processes are very large and frequency independent in a wide spectral range.
Physiological Consequences of Targeting 14-3-3 and Its Interacting Partners in Neurodegenerative Diseases

The mammalian 14-3-3 family comprises seven intrinsically unstructured, evolutionarily conserved proteins that bind >200 protein targets, thereby modulating cell-signaling pathways. The presence of 14-3-3 proteins in cerebrospinal fluid provides a sensitive and specific biomarker of neuronal damage associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD), spongiform encephalitis, brain cancers, and stroke. We observed significant enrichment of 14-3-3 paralogs G, S, and Z in human brain aggregates diagnostic of AD. We used intra-aggregate crosslinking to identify 14-3-3 interaction partners, all of which were significantly enriched in AD brain aggregates relative to controls. We screened FDA-approved drugs in silico for structures that could target the 14-3-3G/hexokinase interface, an interaction specific to aggregates and AD. C. elegans possesses only two 14-3-3 orthologs, which bind diverse proteins including DAF-16 (a FOXO transcription factor) and SIR-2.1 (a sensor of nutrients and stress), influencing lifespan. Top drug candidates were tested in C. elegans models of neurodegeneration-associated aggregation and in a human neuroblastoma cell-culture model of AD-like amyloidosis. Several drugs opposed aggregation in all models assessed and rescued behavioral deficits in C. elegans AD-like neuropathy models, suggesting that 14-3-3 proteins are instrumental in aggregate accrual and supporting the advancement of drugs targeting 14-3-3 protein complexes with their partners.
Relationships Between Perceived Usefulness and Fitness Wearable Technology User Adoption Mediated by Culture, Gender, and COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis

With COVID-19 raging and individuals exercising at home, the adoption of fitness wearable technology (FWT) that help people monitor their physical state has become a pressing matter. Here, we try to bridge the gap that no researcher has examined the link between perceived usefulness (PU) and FWT adoption by using meta-analysis to comprehend the detailed numerical values and moderating factors affecting the relationship. A total of 24 articles with 7180 re-pendants were investigated from January 1, 2015 to March 1, 2022 A.D, producing significant results as follows: (1) There is publication bias in relevant research, and sensitivity analysis suggests that PU influences FWT adoption positively; (2) Subgroup test and regression analysis suggested that cultural background, gender, and COVID-19 can deepen this relationship to varying degrees. More precisely, female (r=0.669) have a greater impact on FWT adoption than men (r=0.658). In addition, users in other countries (r=0.670) are more concerned about PU than Chinese users (r=0.658). Regression analysis showed that after the COVID-19 outbreak, the coefficient (r=0.762) of PU on FWT adoption increased significantly, indicating that people need FWT-assisted exercise to understand and maintain their own physical fitness. The research opens up new ideas for different governments and scholars to promote mass fitness and public health during the COVID-19, providing a reference for the scientific research and development of PU and marketing promotion of the related enterprises’ FWT.
Influence of shadowing on ellipsometric quantities of randomly rough surfaces and thin films

In this paper the formulae enabling us to calculate the values of the ellipsometric parameters of randomly rough surfaces and very thin films with randomly rough boundaries with respect to the influence of the shadowing between the irregularities of roughness are presented. These formulae are derived within the scalar diffraction theory of light. The first formula allows the calculation of the ellipsometric parameters using a numerical method, while the second formula is the approximative one but it expresses the ellipsometric parameters in a closed form. The numerical analysis of both formulae is performed for several examples of randomly rough surfaces and thin films. Moreover, the comparison of the results achieved using both formulae respecting the shadowing and an earlier formula not including this effect is performed. The experimental data of two samples of the randomly rough silicon surfaces covered with very thin surface layers are interpreted using all the formulae mentioned. Using this experimental study, the correctness of both formulae taking into account the shadowing, is confirmed.
Temperature-dependent dielectric functions in atomically thin graphene, silicene, and arsenene

The dielectric functions of atomically thin graphene, silicene, and arsenene have been investigated as a function of temperature. With zero energy gap, more carriers in graphene and silicene are thermally excited as temperature increases and intraband transition strengthens, resulting in the strengthened absorption peak. Yet with large energy gap, interband transition dominates optical absorption of arsenene but it reduces as lattice vibration enhances, inducing the redshift and decreased absorption peak. To validate the theoretical method, the calculated optical constants of isolated graphene are compared with ellipsometry results and demonstrate good agreement.
Topological properties of Xene tuned by perpendicular electric field and exchange field in the presence of Rashba spin–orbit coupling

Xene (X=Si, Ge, Sn) is a typical and promising two-dimensional topological insulator with many novel topological properties. Here, we investigate the topological properties of Xene tuned by a perpendicularly applied electric field, exchange field, and Rashba spin–orbit coupling (RSOC) using the tight-binding (TB) method. We show that in the presence of RSOC, the system can be converted from a quantum spin Hall (QSH) insulator into a conventional band insulator (BI) by a weak perpendicular electric field or into a quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) insulator by a weak exchange field. Additionally, a suitable combination of electric and exchange fields can give rise to a valley-polarized metallic (VPM) state. Furthermore, we explore the competition between the electric field and exchange field in tuning the topological states owing to the Rashba coupling effect. When the electric field is stronger than the exchange field, the system tends to be in a topologically trivial BI state; otherwise, it will be a QAH insulator. More intriguingly, for a fixed exchange field and RSOC, as the perpendicular electric field increase continuously from zero, the system undergoes multiphase (e.g. QSH-VPM-BI) transitions. This paves the way for designing multiphase transition devices through external single-field regulation.
A Note on Approximating Fixed Points of Nonexpansive Mappings by the Ishikawa Iteration Process

Abstract LetXbe a uniformly convex Banach space that satisfies Opial's condition or whose norm is Frechet differentiable, letCbe a bounded closed convex subset ofX, and letT:C → Cbe a nonexpansive mapping. It is shown that for any initial datax0 ∈ C, the Ishikawa iterates {xn}, defined byxn + 1 = tnT(snTxn + (1 − sn)xn) + (1 − tn)xn,n ≥ 0, with the restrictions that lim n snis less than 1, and for any subsequence {nk}∞k = 0of {n}∞n = 0, ∑∞k = 0 tnk(1 − tnk) diverges, converge to a fixed point ofTweakly. Thus, such a result complements Theorem 1 of Tan and Xu (J. Math. Anal. Appl.178(1993), 301–308) and generalizes, to a certain extent, Theorem 2 of Reich (J. Math. Anal. Appl.67(1979), 274–276).
Imaging spectrophotometry of ionized gas in NGC 1068. III, Anisotropic excitation of the large-scale disk by scattering of nuclear continuum

Photoionization of the solar abundance diffuse ionized media (DIM) in NGC 1068 by anisotropic nuclear emission is studied. It is shown that the emission characteristics can be understood in the light of the developing picture of the galaxy in which its intrinsic type 1 Seyfert nucleus, concealed by an obscuring medium, is visible only through scattered, polarized light. The gas excitation is anisotropic, the high-excitation gas along the jet axis being photoionized by direct nuclear continuum, while the lower excitation gas away from the axis sees only indirect nuclear emission scattered into it. A model of low optical depth, near-nuclear Thomson scattering is considered in detail, and it is shown that, even with moderate dust extinction, this mechanism is sufficient to energize the DIM. 56 refs.
Localization of a Radio-Frequency Identification Tag from Measurements of the Fourier Coefficients of Its Magnetic Flux Density

: This paper presents a method for estimating the position of a radio-frequency identiﬁcation (RFID) tag in two-dimensional (2D) space. A low-frequency (135 kHz), passive RFID tag with a loop antenna transmits its ID number to the tag reader by electromagnetic induction. This study reveals that the radial distance and the azimuth of the RFID tag in a 2D plane can be determined from the absolute value and phase of the ﬁrst-order Fourier coe ﬃ cient of the magnetic ﬂux density generated by the tag. The authors develop a sensor unit that consists of four coils: two special coils that generate electromotive forces that are proportional to the ﬁrst-order Fourier cosine and sine coe ﬃ cients and two conventional loop coils. Using the developed sensor, a 29-mm-diameter disk-shaped RFID tag can be localized with a maximum (average) error of 18 mm (5 mm) within a circular domain of radius 140 mm.
The distance to G59.7+0.1 and W3OH

Abstract We have measured the distance to the high-mass star-forming region G59.7+0.1 (IRAS 19410+2336) and W3OH. Their distances, 2.20 ± 0.11 kpc and 1.95 ± 0.04 kpc, respectively, were determined by triangulation using Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) observations of 12.2 GHz methanol masers phase-referenced to compact extragalactic radio sources. In addition to the distances, we have also obtained their proper motions.