Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and predictors of insomnia and its treatment-seeking among older adults in India

Background Insomnia is a serious health problem among older adults and, if untreated, is linked to a high morbidity rate and decreased quality of life. There is limited empirical evidence on Insomnia and its treatment-seeking exclusively among older adults (60 plus years) using representative data in India. This study assesses the prevalence and predictors of Insomnia and its treatment-seeking among older adults. Methods Data gathered through the nationally-representative Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI); Wave 1 (2017-18) was used for the analysis. Specifically, information from older adults aged 60 and above for whom complete information on insomnia was available (n-31,464) was considered for the analysis. Binary logistic regression was used to check the adjusted effects of insomnia’s socio-demographic and economic predictors and its treatment-seeking status. Stata was used for the data analysis with a 5% significance level. Results 37% of older adults had insomnia. Increasing age, female gender, living without a spouse, illiteracy, chronic health conditions, nutritionally underweight, physically inactive status, lack of exposure to mass media, Hindu religion, non-tribal status, and rural residence were significantly associated with insomnia. 3% of older adults sought treatment for insomnia. Not seeking treatment for insomnia was associated with male gender, exposure to mass media, physical activity, lack of chronic health issues, tribal status, living in a rural area, and being economically disadvantaged. Conclusions A sizable number of older adults have insomnia, and the prevalence varies by their socioeconomic, demographic, and health status. Many modifiable risk factors like low education, chronic health conditions, smoking, being underweight, physical inactivity, and lack of exposure to mass media are identified. Treatment-seeking for Insomnia is further inadequate, enhancing the older adult’s vulnerability to various morbidities. Policy and program intervention to raise awareness about insomnia, including early identification and pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment, will ensure better health and welfare of older adults. Estimations are based on self-report questionnaires; therefore, the possibility of recall bias and under-reporting cannot be ignored. Moreover, the estimation of insomnia may vary depending on various clinical definitions. However, a large sample size from a recent nationally representative survey with a robust sampling design is the strength of this study.
Endogenous innovation scale and patent policy in a monetary Schumpeterian growth model

: This paper develops a monetary R&D-driven endogenous growth model featuring endogenous innovation scales and the price-marginal cost markup. To endogenize the step size of quality improvement, we propose a trade-off mechanism between the risk of innovation failure and the benefit of innovation success in R&D firms. Several findings emerge from the analysis. First, a rise in the nominal interest rate decreases economic growth; however, its relationship with social welfare is ambiguous. Second, either strengthening patent protection or raising the professional knowledge of R&D firms leads to an ambiguous effect on economic growth. Third, the Friedman rule of a zero nominal interest rate fails to be optimal in view of the social welfare maximum. Finally, our numerical analysis indicates that the extent of patent protection and the level of an R&D firm’s professional knowledge play a crucial role in determining the optimal interest rate.
Administración de Big Data en el cloud: Retos, soluciones y herramientas

Concentrandose en los aspectos de administracion de Big Data, el objetivo de este capitulo es primero, examinar los retos mas importantes a traves del modelo 3V y discutir sobre las arquitecturas de sistemas que ofrezcan soluciones conscientes del modelo 3V.
A Survey on Symmetric and Asymmetric Cryptography Algorithms in information Security

This paper discusses several important algorithms used for the encryption and decryption of data in all fields, to make a comparative study for most important algorithms in terms of speed (implementation) and security (special keys) determine whether an encryption algorithm is good. What is more, computational resources, such memory (RAM) size, are an integral consideration since they affect algorithm efficiency, hence the need to ensure optimal resource allocation, etc. Particularly, encryption is the process of transforming plain text into ciphered-text, which cannot be understood or altered easily by undesirable people. This encrypted result is encoded and has immunity against attacks and unauthorized access and manipulation. Encryption algorithms often use private keys that are used to revert the encrypted data to its original meaningful format. Such an algorithm, such as Blowfish, RC5, or RC4, is basically a set of mathematical procedures that make it hard for malicious attackers to understand or use the original data. In symmetric key algorithms, a single key is used to encrypt and decrypt text. On the contrary, the asymmetric key algorithm uses two discrete keys, where both the sender and receiver have access to one of them. These security measures and systems eliminate possible internal and external threats to ensure integrity, correctness, confidentiality, and safety of data and infrastructures are controlled.
WiP: Developing High-interaction Honeypots to Capture and Analyze Region-Specific Bot Behaviors

This project aims to upgrade a high-interaction honeypot system for cyber threat characterization. This paper reports the two efforts being focused on in the project: development of the honeypots and data analysis from their deployment. Several enhancements to the honeypot include integrating additional service ports to attract more traffic and embedding known vulnerabilities for more sophisticated interactions. The honeypot runs a set of common services, such as SSH, Apache, RDP, and email, to simulate a common server for a small company. The honeypot instances have been deployed in three hacker-dense regions of the U.S., East Asia, and Western Europe. Access attempts from the internet to these honeypots are captured for their information including demographics, credentials, and commands being used. They are analyzed to generate useful insights into information-gathering bots active on the internet, such as the patterns in activity intensity and behaviors of potential threats. This paper has shown the effectiveness of the honeypot design and implementation and the rich data these honeypots can collect. This ongoing effort has the potential to greatly improve the capabilities to understand the cyber environment and the threats existing in it.
Out-of-Core Particle Tracing for Monte Carlo Rendering of Finite-Time Lyapunov Exponents

The motion in time-dependent fluid flows is governed by Lagrangian coherent structures (LCS). One common approach to visualize hyperbolic LCS is to extract and visualize the finite-time Lyapunov exponent. Its visualization on large time-dependent fluid flow is challenging for two reasons. First, the time steps needed for particle tracing do not necessarily fit at once into memory. And second, conventional ray marching exhibits artifacts when the FTLE ridges are sharp, which instead requires Monte Carlo volume rendering techniques to produce unbiased results. So far, these two problems have only been looked at in isolation. In this paper, we implement the first out-of-core Monte Carlo FTLE tracer, which is able to visualize the finite-time Lyapunov exponent field of time-dependent fluid flows that do not fit into main memory at once. To achieve this, we designed a data processing pipeline that alternates between two phases: a photon tracing phase and a particle tracing phase. We demonstrate and evaluate the approach on several large time-dependent vector fields.
Parameter Identiﬁcation of Li-Po Batteries in Electric Vehicles: a Comparative Study

—An effective management of the onboard energy storage system is a key point for the development of electric vehicles. This requires the accurate estimation of the battery state over time and in a wide range of operating conditions. The battery state is usually expressed as state-of-charge and state-of-health. Its estimation demands an accurate model to represent the static and dynamic behaviour of the battery. Developing such a model requires the online identiﬁcation of the battery parameters. This paper aims at comparing the performance of two popular system identiﬁcation techniques, i
Spring reproductive success inﬂuences autumnal malarial load in a passerine bird

Although avian haemosporidian parasites are widely used as model organisms to study fundamental questions in evolutionary and behavorial ecology of host-parasite interactions, some of their basic characteristics, such as seasonal variations in within-host density, are still mostly unknown. In addition, their interplay with host reproductive success in the wild seems to depend on the interaction of many factors, starting with host and parasite species and the temporal scale under study. Here, we monitored the par-asitemia of two haemosporidian parasites – Plasmodium relictum (lineage SGS1) and P. homonucleophilum (lineage SW2) – in two wild populations of great tits ( Parus major ) in Switzerland over three years, to characterize their dynamics. We also collected data on birds’ reproductive output – laying date, clutch size, ﬂedging success – to determine whether they were associated with parasitemia before (winter), during (spring) and after (autumn) breeding season. Parasitemia of both species dramatically increased in spring, in a way that was correlated to parasitemia in winter. Parasitemia before and during breeding season did not explain reproductive success. However, the birds which ﬂedged the more chicks had higher parasitemia in autumn, which was not associated with their parasitemia in previous spring. Our results tend to indicate that high haemosporidian parasite loads do not impair reproduction in great tits, but high resource allocation into reproduction can leave birds less able to maintain low parasitemia over the following months
RE- EXAMINING THE VALIDITY OF REFERECE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION ESTIMATION IN HERAT, AFGHANISTAN

The aim of this study is to contribute in irrigation scheduling by proposing adaptable models that are widely used for the estimation of reference evapotranspiration (EEEE0) in Herat, Afghanistan. Six well-known models, The Penman-Monteith (EEEE0PPPP), Hargreaves (EEEE0HHHHHH), Hamon (EEEE0HHHHHH), Thornthwaite (EEEE0TTHHTT), solar radiation based (EEEE0RRRR) and Net radiation based (EEEE0RRRR) were compared, and the pan evapotranspiration �EEEEppHHRR� model was used as indicator. The pan coefficient (kkPP) proposed by Pereira was used to convert pan evaporation (EEppHHRR) to EEEEppHHRR. Results obtained showed that, the EEEE0values estimated by all the methods were shown to be close to those of EEEEppHHRR in the second period (spring, fall and winter). However, large differences emerged in the first period (the windy summer), with the exception of EEEE0PPPP. This method displayed a small difference only in June and July. Pearson’s correlation (RR) showed that the estimates produced by all the simpler methods were significant correlated with those of EEEEppHHRR in the second period, but weakly correlated in the first period. The EEEE0PPPP method produced the lowest value of 1.3 mm day-1, based on the standard error estimation (SSEEEE). The seasonally-based average difference between EEEEppHHRR and EEEE0PPPP was smaller than that of the other methods in the first period, at 1.9 mm day-1. The EEEE0PPPP estimation rate was therefore closest to EEEEppHHRR. It is concluded that the methods that used wind factor are more adaptable than those not used wind factor especially in Herat, Afghanistan. The wind might be the reason of the differences between EEEEppHHRR and EEEE0PPPP in the windy summer. Keyword: 120-day winds, Pan evaporation, Reference evapotranspiration, Herat, Afghanistan
Hierarchical Kernels in Deep Kernel Learning

Kernel methods are built upon the mathematical theory of reproducing kernels and re-producing kernel Hilbert spaces. They enjoy good interpretability thanks to the solid mathematical foundation. Recently, motivated by deep neural networks in deep learning, which construct learning functions by successive compositions of activation functions and linear functions, a class of methods termed as deep kernel learning has appeared in the literature. The core of deep kernel learning is hierarchical kernels that are constructed from a base reproducing kernel by successive compositions. In this paper, we characterize the corresponding reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces of hierarchical kernels, and study conditions ensuring that the reproducing kernel Hilbert space will be expanding as the layer of hierarchical kernels increases. The results will answer whether the expressive power of hierarchical kernels will be improving as the layer increases, and give guidance to the construction of hierarchical kernels for deep kernel learning.
Subtypes Using MRI Tumor from Other Meningioma Histologic Rare World Health Organization Grade II Chordoid Meningioma: Differentiating a

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Meningiomas are very commonly diagnosed intracranial primary neoplasms, of which the chordoid subtype is seldom encountered. Our aim was to retrospectively review preoperative MR imaging of intracranial chordoid meningiomas, a rare WHO grade II variant, in an effort to determine if there exist distinguishing MR imaging characteristics that can aid in differentiating this atypical variety from other meningioma subtypes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten cases of WHO grade II chordoid meningioma were diagnosed at our institution over an 11-year span, 8 of which had preoperative MR imaging available for review and were included in our analysis. Chordoid meningioma MR imaging characteristics, including ADC values and normalized ADC ratios, were compared with those of 80 consecutive cases of WHO grade I meningioma, 21 consecutive cases of nonchordoid WHO grade II meningioma, and 1 case of WHO grade III meningioma. RESULTS: Preoperative MR imaging revealed no signiﬁcant differences in size, location, signal characteristics, or contrast enhancement between chordoid meningiomas and other meningiomas. There were, however, clear differences in the ADC values and normalized ADC ratios, with a mean absolute ADC value of 1.62 (cid:2) 0.33 (cid:3) 10 (cid:4) 3 mm 2 /s and a mean normalized ADC ratio of 2.22 (cid:2) 0.47 (cid:3) 10 (cid:4) 3 mm 2 /s in chordoid meningiomas compared with mean ADC and normalized ADC values, respectively, of 0.88 (cid:2) 0.13 (cid:3) 10 (cid:4) 3 mm 2 /s and 1.17 (cid:2) 0.16 (cid:3) 10 (cid:4) 3 mm 2 /s in benign WHO grade I meningiomas, 0.84 (cid:2) 0.11 (cid:3) 10 (cid:4) 3 mm 2 /s and 1.11 (cid:2) 0.15 (cid:3) 10 (cid:4) 3 mm 2 /s in nonchordoid WHO grade II meningiomas, and 0.57 (cid:3) 10 (cid:4) 3 mm 2 /s and 0.75 (cid:3) 10 (cid:4) 3 mm 2 /s in the 1 WHO grade III meningioma. CONCLUSIONS: Chordoid meningiomas have statistically signiﬁcant elevations of ADC and normalized ADC values when compared with all other WHO grade I, II, and III subtypes, which enables reliable preoperative prediction of this atypical histopathologic diagnosis.
This paper is

Optical Wireless Communication (OWC) is a viable and promising alternative to traditional Radio Frequency (RF) based communication links. Especially for the security issue, since light does not penetrate through opaque objects, OWC is considered gaining certain intrinsic security benefits. The only related work eavesdrops on OWC by detecting the electromagnetic signal leaking from an open-source research platform for OWC. However, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) regulations require Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) OWC products to minimize electromagnetic leakage, securing OWC from the previous eavesdropping. In this paper, we propose a new class of eavesdropping, LightThief , that can directly convert optical signals into RF signals without complicated baseband processing circuits and power consumption, making it lightweight, unlimited lasting, and easy to disguise. Specifically, LightThief is constructed by coupling a photodiode (PD) to an antenna. Since OWC adopts intensity modulation to transmit data, light intensity change can modify the PD impedance, causing the antenna to reflect different amounts of RF signals to enable data breaches. The attacker outside the room can then detect and decode the RF signals without resistance by EMC regulations. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our attack on a COTS OWC product, which shows successful eavesdropping through physical barriers such as walls. We also discuss potential defense strategies to secure OWC systems from LightThief .
HPC2 and ubinuclein deﬁne a novel family of histone chaperones conserved throughout eukaryotes w

While histone chaperones have been intensely studied, the roles of components of the Hir–Asf1 histone chaperone complex such as Hir3p and Hpc2p are poorly understood. Using sensitive protein sequence proﬁle analyses we investigated the evolution of these proteins and showed that Hir3p and Hpc2p have a much wider phyletic pattern than was previously known. We established the animal histone-deacetylase-complex-interacting proteins, CAIN/CABIN, to be orthologs of Hir3p. They contain a conserved core of around 30 TPR-like bi-helical repeats that are likely to form a super-helical scaﬀold. We identiﬁed a conserved domain, the HUN domain, in all Hpc2p homologs, including animal ubinuclein/yemanuclein and the recently discovered vertebrate cell-cycle regulator FLJ25778. The HUN domain has a characteristic pattern of conserved acidic residues based on which we predict that it is a previously unrecognized histone-tail-binding chaperone. By analyzing various high-throughput data sets, such as RNAi knock-downs, genetic and protein interaction maps and cell-cycle-speciﬁc gene expression data, we present evidence that Hpc2p homologs might be deployed in speciﬁc processes of chromatin dynamics relating to cell-cycle progression in vertebrates and schizogony in Plasmodium . Beyond the conserved HUN domain these proteins show extensive divergence patterns in diﬀerent eukaryotic lineages. Hence, we propose that Hpc2p homologs are probably involved in recruitment of the ancient conserved histone-loading Hir–Asf1 complex to diﬀerent lineage-speciﬁc chromatin reorganization processes.
Clinical Features and Seroepidemiology of Anti-HDV Antibody in patients With Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Iran: A Meta-Analysis

Context Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) leads to the most severe form of chronic viral hepatitis. Objectives To determine the prevalence of HDV and create pooled estimations of possible risk factors, a systematic review was conducted to collect all epidemiological studies on HDV among chronic hepatitis B patients in Iran. Data Sources In this systematic review, databases such as PubMed, Embase, ISI, Google scholar, and Iranian databases (MagIran, Iranmedex, and SID) were searched. Study Selection Studies that clearly stated information about the number of HBsAg positive patients infected with HDV were selected. Data Extraction The name of the city, the author's name, year of study, HDV detection method, sample size, HBsAg positive frequency, mean age, total prevalence of HDV, and risk factors were extracted. Results The pooled HDV prevalence was 7.8% (95% CI: 5.89 - 9.71). In the survey-data analysis, HDV prevalence was 6.61%. HDV prevalence was 30.47% (95% CI: 9.76 to 51.19), 14.4% (95% CI: 7.72 to 21.07), and 4.94% (95% CI: 3.73 to 6.15) in cirrhotic, chronic-hepatitis, and inactive-carrier patients, respectively. Pooled ORs were calculated for several factors common to Iranian HBsAg-positive patients, including history of blood transfusion [OR: 1.1 (95% CI: 0.40 to 2.98)], intravenous drug abuse [OR: 1.6 (95% CI: 0.78 to 3.21)], previous hemodialysis [OR: 1.72 (95% CI: 0.79 to 3.76)], and HBeAg-positive status [OR: 1.26 (95% CI: 0.66 to 2.4)]. Conclusions The prevalence of HDV is less common in Iran than in endemic regions such as Italy and Turkey; however, it is a severe form of hepatitis in HBsAg-positive patients. The most probable route of HDV transmission is hematologic, which suggests the importance of blood screening for HDV, especially in groups with numerous blood transfusions.
Fracture propagation and stability of ice shelves governed by ice shelf heterogeneity

Tabular iceberg calving and ice shelf retreat occurs after full‐thickness fractures, known as rifts, propagate across an ice shelf. A quickly evolving rift signals a threat to the stability of Larsen C, the Antarctic Peninsula's largest ice shelf. Here we reveal the influence of ice shelf heterogeneity on the growth of this rift, with implications that challenge existing notions of ice shelf stability. Most of the rift extension has occurred in bursts after overcoming the resistance of suture zones that bind together neighboring glacier inflows. We model the stresses in the ice shelf to determine potential rift trajectories. Calving perturbations to ice flow will likely reach the grounding line. The stability of Larsen C may hinge on a single suture zone that stabilizes numerous upstream rifts. Elevated fracture toughness of suture zones may be the most important property that allows ice shelves to modulate Antarctica's contribution to sea level rise.
Helical vasculogenesis driven by cell chirality

The cellular helical structure is well known for its crucial role in development and disease. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism governing this phenomenon remains largely unexplored, particularly in recapitulating it in well-controlled engineering systems. Leveraging advanced microfluidics, we present compelling evidence of the spontaneous emergence of helical endothelial tubes exhibiting robust right-handedness governed by inherent cell chirality. To strengthen our findings, we identify a consistent bias toward the same chirality in mouse vascular tissues. Manipulating endothelial cell chirality using small-molecule drugs produces a dose-dependent reversal of the handedness in engineered vessels, accompanied by non-monotonic changes in vascular permeability. Moreover, our three-dimensional cell vertex model provides biomechanical insights into the chiral morphogenesis process, highlighting the role of cellular torque and tissue fluidity in its regulation. Our study unravels an intriguing mechanism underlying vascular chiral morphogenesis, shedding light on the broader implications and distinctive perspectives of tubulogenesis within biological systems.
Complex Management of a Geriatric Patient With Multimorbidity: A Case Study

Geriatric patients' distinct physiological responses to diseases and treatments, combined with multimorbidity and polypharmacy, make their care highly challenging. This case study examines the complex management of a 77-year-old female with multiple comorbidities, focusing on the primary issue of splenic hematoma leading to anemia. It highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in geriatric care. The care she received underscores the necessity of ongoing supervision through the Bridge Model of Transitional Care, family engagement in the care process, and a customized, interdisciplinary approach to care. The conclusion of this case has implications for geriatric medicine, primary care, and specialty care, and it also influences strategies to help older adults maintain their functional status and quality of life.