Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Toxoplasma gondii: Deeper understanding of epidemiology, virulence and pathophysiology enhances diagnosis and informs vaccine design

Toxoplasma gondii is an extremely widespread intracellular obligate parasite that infects both animals and birds. This protozoan pathogen usually causes asymptomatic infection in humans but can cause significant disease in congenitally infected infants, immunodeficient patients and occasionally in immunocompetent individuals. In the complex life cycle of T. gondii, sexual development occurs uniquely in felines whereas asexual reproduction may take place in humans and other warm-blooded animals serving as intermediate hosts. The prevalence of infection varies considerably among different geographic areas and also among individuals, depending on a variety of factors, including culinary habits and cleanliness of surroundings. Studies to date show low genetic diversity of T. gondii, with three main lineages, designated types I, II and III, found at least within Europe and North America. T. gondii uses various mechanisms to invade host cells and to alter their signal pathways and gene expression. Kinases within the rhoptry, a unique apical organelle, and T. gondii granule proteins are key virulence factors that promote attachment to, and invasion of, host cells. Human Toxoplasma infection is acquired by ingestion of raw or undercooked meat that contains tissue cysts, or through the ingestion of water or food contaminated with oocysts. It is also transmitted congenitally from mother-to-foetus and less commonly by transfusion of contaminated blood or transplantation of an infected organ. Life-threatening toxoplasmosis can develop in immunocompromised patients. Diagnostic tests are critical to surveillance, control and prevention of toxoplasmosis. However, different technologies presently utilized around the world to detect different parasite stages are not of a uniformly sufficient standard to indicate clearly the epidemiology and severity of infection at global, regional and national levels. While a prophylactic vaccine is licensed for veterinary administration, no similarly efficacious preparation is available to prevent human infections. Here, we review the epidemiology and genotypes of T. gondii, as well as current detection methods and the state of vaccine development. In addition, the mechanisms by which this parasitic pathogen invades and overcomes the human immune system are considered. Key words: Toxoplasmosis, Toxoplasma gondii, epidemiology, genotype, virulence, pathophysiology, diagnosis, immunity, vaccine.
Chronic Hepatitis C as a Risk Factor for Colonic Neoplasia in a Community Setting

An estimated 3.5 million people have Chronic Hepatitis C (CHC) in the United States [1]. With the current opioid epidemic, the number of people who are injecting drugs in the US. Has substantially increased the incidence of CHC virus [2]. With an apparent second wave of CHC, it will be important to manage the sequelae of these chronically infected patients and recognize associated comorbidities. CHC has been shown to increase the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and has been linked to such malignancies as Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, cholangiocarcinoma, breast, pancreatic, renal, skin/oral, thyroid, and colon cancer [3-6]. Colon cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in men in developed countries and the third most prevalent cause of death from cancer for women [7]. Colorectal Cancer (CRC) screening has been shown to reduce the risk for the development of CRC and prevent the development of more advanced disease [8,9]. The risks for developing colorectal cancer are associated with increasing age, family history, history of adenomas or Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) and ethnicity. Other possible risk factors include a high fat, low-fiber diet, obesity, smoking, and excessive alcohol use. A possible link between colon cancer and CHC has not been extensively studied. However, previous studies have suggested that patients with CHC have a higher risk of colonic adenomas and more advanced lesions. Thus, the goal of this study was to determine if patients with CHC undergoing screening or surveillance colonoscopies in a community setting have an increased risk of colonic neoplasia.
Detection of Antiretroviral treatment failure among adult HIV-1 patients on anti-retroviral therapy for 12 +/- 3 months attending different Voluntary Counseling Testing and treatment centers in Khartoum state, Sudan

Objective: Small number of people on antiretroviral therapy and their virological status in Sudan is lacking. This study aimed to determine the viral load for adult HIV-1 patients who were on antiretroviral therapy for 12+/- 3 months attending different Voluntary Counseling Testing and treatment centers (VCT/ART) in Khartoum state, Sudan.Results: out of 112 adult HIV-1 patients included in this study, only 17.9% (20/112) showed unsuppressed viral load (treatment failure). The majority of them from Omdurman VCT/ART center 80% (16/20), followed by Khartoum VCT/ART center 15% (3/20), Bahri VCT/ART center 5% (1/20) and non from Elban Gadeid VCT/ART center. All of them were on the first line of treatment. Most of them 30% (6/20) on 39-48 years old age group, the majority of them 55%(11/20) on stage 3 WHO clinical staging.
Pengelolaan website sebagai Media Informasi Publik

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui proses pengelolaan dimulai dari pencarian data dan fakta, perencanaan, pengaplikasian program, serta tahap evaluasi. Proses ini merupakan rangkaian dari pengaplikasian konsep four step public relations yang dijalankan oleh humas Kantor Wilayah Kementrian Agama Provinsi Jawa Barat, yaitu tahap fact finding, planning and programming, taking actions and communications, and evaluations. Penelitian ini menggunakan paradigma konstruktivisme , pendekatan kualitatif dan metode studi kasus, mengenai suatu lembaga atau organisasi dengan berupa fenomena yang ada dan terjadi nyata disuatu lembaga atau organisasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menerangkan bahwa proses pengelolaan website menghasilkan data yang terbagi kedalam dua bagian yaitu fakta primer dan sekunder , setelah data didapatkan selanjutnya perencanaan program aplikasi yang memudahkan publik, lalu pengaplikasian program aplikasi seperti halnya E-MTQ, SIMKAH, dan lain-lain, tahap akhir yaitu evaluasi yang dilakukan seperti Rapat Koordinasi dengan Pemerintah Provinsi dan Kab/Kota. Kata Kunci : Pengelolaan; Humas; Website The purpose of this research is to find out the management process, Fact Finding, Planning and programming, Taking Actions and communications, and evaluation stages. This process is a series of applications of the four-step public relations concept run by the PR of the Regional Office of the Ministry of Religion of West Java Province. Researchers also use a case study approach that is about an institution or organization in the form of phenomena that exist and occur real in an institution or organization. The results of this study explain that the website management process produces data which is divided into two parts, namely primary and secondary facts, after the data is obtained then the planning of application programs that facilitate the public, then application of application programs such as E-MTQ, SIMKAH, and others, the final stage is an evaluation conducted such as a Coordination Meeting with the Provincial and District / City Governments. Keywords: Management; PR; Website
Analisis Keanekaragaman Lamun Di Pesisir Pulau Karakelang Kabupaten Kepulauan Talaud Sulawesi Utara

Karakelang Seagrass Talaud Biodiversity Tabang Talaud Islands Regency is one of the administrative areas of North Sulawesi Province which is actively carrying out development in almost all fields, especially tourism. The area, which is a cluster of large islands, namely the islands of Karakelang, Salibabu, Nanusa and Mangaran, has high potential regarding biodiversity, especially marine biota. One example is the existence of biologically and ecologically supported types of seagrass on the coasts of almost all islands, however information regarding the types of seagrass in Talaud has not been fully recorded and is still scanty. For this reason, this study was conducted to determine the types of seagrass that are scattered on the coast of Karakelang Island. This research is also important to do in addition to providing information as a data base, it can also be used as a basis for decision making as an effort to conserve marine resources and waters. The method used is the quadratic transect method and each seagrass in the 1m x 1m square plot will be identified using a seagrass identification book. Diversity data analysis used the Shannon-wienner formula. The results obtained 7 (seven) types of seagrass, namely
Reduced Levels of Misfolded and Aggregated Mutant p53 by Proteostatic Activation

In malignant cancer, excessive amounts of mutant p53 often lead to its aggregation, a feature that was recently identified as druggable. Here, we describe that induction of a heat shock-related stress response mediated by Foldlin, a small-molecule tool compound, reduces the protein levels of misfolded/aggregated mutant p53, while contact mutants or wild-type p53 remain largely unaffected. Foldlin also prevented the formation of stress-induced p53 nuclear inclusion bodies. Despite our inability to identify a specific molecular target, Foldlin also reduced protein levels of aggregating SOD1 variants. Finally, by screening a library of 778 FDA-approved compounds for their ability to reduce misfolded mutant p53, we identified the proteasome inhibitor Bortezomib with similar cellular effects as Foldlin. Overall, the induction of a cellular heat shock response seems to be an effective strategy to deal with pathological protein aggregation. It remains to be seen however, how this strategy can be translated to a clinical setting.
Sistem Pemilihan Ruang Rawat Inap Menggunakan Metode Weighted Product dan K-Nearest Neighbor

Rawat Inap merupakan istilah yang berarti proses perawatan pasien oleh tenaga kesehatan profesional akibat penyakit tertentu, dimana pasien diinapkan di suatu ruangan dirumah sakit. Ruang instalasi rawat inap merupakan ruang tempat pasien dirawat. Ruangan rawat inap dulunya hanya berupa bangsal yang dihuni oleh banyak orang sekaligus. Penelitian ini fokus pada pengembangan sistem pendukung keputusan untuk memprioritaskan pasien covid-19 atas ketersediaan ruang rawat inap. Sistem ini dirancang untuk membantu pihak rumah sakit dalam memberikan kenyamanan bagi para pasien yang sedang dirawat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah K-Nearest Neighbor untuk mendapatkan klasifikasi dari gambar rontgen pasien kemudian akan dikonversikan ke dalam bentuk bobot sesuai kriteria yang akan diolah berdasarkan kriteria – kriteria yang telah ditentukan oleh rumah sakit kemudian dilanjutkan menggunakan metode Weighted Product untuk perhitungan bobot kepentingan dan bobot pangkat setelah itu akan didapatkan nilai vektor s dan yang terakhir akan didapatkan nilai vektor v dari setiap alternatif untuk mendapatkan prioritas atas ketersediaan ruang rawat inap. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem dapat membantu pihak rumah sakit dalam memprioritaskan pasien covid-19 atas ketersediaan ruang rawat inap.
Evaluating the Information Access Skills of Students of a College of Education in Ghana

Access to relevant information determines the quality of life of an individual in society and the academe. Academic institutions have established information literacy programmes to enhance students’ access to information. With the elevation of colleges of education to tertiary status in Ghana, pre-service teachers are now required to conduct research to improve their reflective thinking in order to be certified. However, the information access skills of students in colleges of education in Ghana are uncertain. This study draws empirical evidence from students in the Nusrat Jahan Ahmadiyya College of Education, Wa, Ghana on their information access skills. Primary data were collected from 303 respondents from the college using a stratified sampling procedure. The data were collected using a questionnaire and analysed using descriptive statistics. The results indicate that information is available to students through different sources such as the Internet, libraries, and contact with friends and authorities. However, students were limited in respect to access to relevant online resources for their academic activities due to inadequate information access skills. Potential solutions are discussed.
PROBLEM BASED LEARNING AS AN APPROACH IN PRACTICAL PREPARATION OF STUDENTS REHABILITATORS

The accent in the training of rehabilitation students in medical colleges falls on practical training - study-practice and clinical practice and represents the bulk of the whole rehabilitation training. In order to have well-trained quality professionals, it is necessary to continuously improve the educational process. It should be aimed at updating and improving the teaching methods that bring learning closer to the real environment as close as possible. The complex task of the lecturer in this process is to design and organize students' activities so as to contribute to the development of their creative potential and motivation for learning, as well as to prepare them for solving complicated tasks related to the patient. In modern higher education, classical methods are already insufficient. Therefore, new teaching techniques, new tools and new methods more advanced than traditional forms are required. One of these methods, which responds to the challenges of modern teaching and is as close as possible to real practice is problem-based learning (PBL). Through it students have the opportunity to study a subject or topic in the context of complex multilateral and real issues. They thus acquire knowledge and develop practical skills for self-analysis and problem solving. It is a process of learning by choosing from real life and finding its solution. The aim of the present study is to study literary sources of past experience, to draw conclusions and to propose solutions to the opportunities that problem-based training offers in the practical preparation of future rehabilitators.
Timeliness-Aware Incentive Mechanism for Vehicular Crowdsourcing in Smart Cities

Vehicular crowdsourcing is a promising paradigm that takes advantage of powerful onboard capabilities of vehicles to perform various tasks in smart cities. To fulfill this vision, a well-designed incentive mechanism is essential to stimulate the participation of vehicles. In this paper, we propose a timeliness-aware incentive mechanism for vehicular crowdsourcing by taking vehicle’s uncertain travel time into account. In view of the stochastic nature of traffic conditions, we derive a tractable expression for the probability distribution of task delay based on a discrete-time traffic model. By leveraging reverse auction framework, we model the utility of a service requester as a function in terms of uncertain task delay and incurred payment. To maximize the requester’s utility under a budget constraint, we cast the mechanism design as a non-monotone submodular maximization problem over a knapsack constraint. Based on this formulation, we develop a truthful budgeted utility maximization auction (TBUMA), which is truthful, budget feasible, profitable, individually rational and computationally efficient. Through extensive trace-based simulations, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed incentive mechanism.
Actuating Soft Matter with Magnetic Torque

Here, recent significant developments are reviewed in manipulating soft matter systems through the use of magnetic torque. Magnetic torque enables the orientation, assembly, and manipulation of thermally fluctuating systems in broad material fields including biomaterials, ceramic and composite precursor suspensions, polymer solutions, fluids, foams, and gels. Magnetism offers an effective, safe, and massively parallel manufacturing approach. By exploiting magnetic torque, leading soft matter researchers have demonstrated new technologies in rheology, life sciences, optics, and structural materials. Specifically, magnetic torque has been used to assemble particle suspensions, to fabricate and actuate composite materials, and to control and manipulate biological materials. In each of these applications, there are energetic limitations to magnetic torque that need to be understood and characterized. However, magnetic torque offers a promising remote‐controlled approach to creating and enabling new soft matter technologies.
Artificial intelligence-based modeling of high ash coal gasification in a pilot plant scale fluidized bed gasifier

The quality of coal—especially its high ash content—significantly affects the performance of coal-based processes. Coal gasification is a cleaner and an efficient alternative to the coal combustion for producing the syngas. The high-ash coals are found in a number of countries, and they form an important source for the gasification. Accordingly, in this study, extensive gasification experiments were conducted in a pilot-plant scale fluidized-bed coal gasifier (FBCG) using high-ash coals from India. Specifically, the effects of eight coal and gasifier process related parameters on the four gasification performance variables, namely CO+H2 generation rate, syngas production rate, carbon conversion, and heating value of the syngas, were rigorously studied. The data collected from these experiments were used in the FBCG modeling, which was conducted by utilizing two artificial intelligence (AI) strategies namely genetic programming (GP) and artificial neural networks (ANNs). The novelty of the GP formalism is .
Stronger Environmental Adaption of Abundant than Rare Microbes in Wetland Soils from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Background: Disentangling the biogeographic patterns of rare and abundant microbial sub-communities is essential in order to understand the generation and maintenance of microbial diversity with respect to the functions they provide. However, little is known about ecological assembly processes and environmental adaptation of rare and abundant microbial sub-communities across large spatial-scale wetlands. Using Illumina sequencing, we investigated the taxonomic and phylogenetic β-diversity of rare and abundant bacterial and fungal sub-communities in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau wetland soils. Additionally, we determined environmental breadths and phylogenetic signals of ecological preferences of rare and abundant microbial sub-communities, and investigated community assembly processes of microbial taxa. Results: We found that both taxonomic and phylogenetic similarities of rare and abundant microbial sub-communities attenuated with geographical distance. Based on threshold indicator taxa analysis and Blomberg’s K statistic, abundant microbial taxa exhibited broader environmental thresholds and stronger phylogenetic signals for ecological traits than rare microbial taxa. The strong correlations between community compositional dissimilarity and phylogenetic distance of rare microbial sub-communities also revealed that rare taxa may be more sensitive to environmental changes. In addition, the rare microbial sub-communities exhibited closer phylogenetic clustering compared with abundant microbial sub-communities. The null model analysis revealed that dispersal limitation belonging to stochastic process dominated ecological assembly of abundant bacterial sub-community, and rare and abundant fungal sub-communities; variable selection belonging to deterministic process governed community assembly of rare bacterial taxa. Neutral model analysis and variation partitioning analysis further confirmed that abundant microbial sub-communities were less environmentally constrained. Soil ammonia nitrogen was the crucial factor in mediating the balance between stochasticity and determinism of both rare and abundant microbial sub-communities, as reflected by distinct differences in stochastic process with higher ammonia nitrogen content.Conclusions: Abundant microbial sub-communities may have better environmental adaptation potential and are less dispersed by environmental changes compared with rare microbial sub-communities. Our findings extend knowledge of the adaptation of rare and abundant microbial taxa to ongoing environmental change and could facilitate prediction of biodiversity loss caused by global climate change and increasing human activity in wetlands of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
A Hybrid Simulated Annealing and Perturb and Observe Maximum Power Point Tracking Method

Time-invariant maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods, such as particle swarm optimization (PSO) and simulated annealing (SA), have been shown to be effective at locating the region of the global maximum power point (GMPP) in photovoltaic systems where partial shading conditions are observed. These techniques, however, are not effective in providing continuous tracking and identifying when a change in conditions warranting a new global search has occurred. In this article, the SA algorithm is combined with the conventional perturb and observe (P&O) technique in a hybrid MPPT method. This approach leverages the advantages of each technique. The technique is further enhanced by the integration of a novel sentry particle approach to identify when a change in the environmental conditions has occurred leading to a new global search being initiated. The simulation and experimental validations are provided and showed that the proposed technique with the sentry particle reinitialization outperforms both the SA and P&O-based MPPT algorithms by ensuring more consistent tracking to the GMPP.
Partial Oxidation of Methane to Methanol Using Bismuth-Based Photocatalysts

Bismuth-based photocatalysts, Bi2WO6, BiVO4, and coupled Bi2WO6/TiO2–P25, have been synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method, characterized, and evaluated for the first time for the selective photooxidation of methane to methanol. Several conditions were used in order to better comprehend the reaction mechanism. The obtained BiVO4 is, among the others, the most promising photocatalyst for this reaction, displaying higher CH3OH selectivity and being more stable than the others. When Bi2WO6 was coupled with TiO2, the methane conversion increased; however, overoxidation of CH4 to CO2 predominates. A similar effect is observed when electron scavengers such as O2 or Fe3+ were introduced in the photoreactor as a result of the formation of highly oxidant radicals.
The technology of extraction process saponin from Cornus officinalis Sieb.et Zucc.at ultra high pressure

This study is to develop excellent extraction technology of the saponin in Cornus officinalis Sieb.et Zucc.The optimal technology conditions of the ultra high pressure extraction such as extracting pressure,extracting temperature and solid-liquid ratio have been obtained through orthogonal experimental design L16(34) according to the yield of saponin.The optimal technology conditions were that the extracting pressure was 400 MPa,the extracting time was 8 min and the solid-liquid ratio was 1:15.The highest yield of saponin was 17.6 mg/g.The ultra high pressure extraction technology is rational,stable and feasible.
The Preparation of Polypyrrole / Cellulose Acetate Composite Films and their Electrical Properties

A new method was developed for directly preparing conductive polypyrrole (PPy)/cellulose acetate (CA) composite films by in-situ chemical polymerization. The surface morphology of the films was observed by the atomic force microscopy (AFM). It was found that the composite films were composed of two layers with different structures. FTIR spectroscopy was used to analyze the chemical components of each layer. The thermo-oxidative degradation of the films was studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results indicated that the thermal stability of the PPy/CA film is higher than that of the pure CA film.