Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sharp edges to neutral hydrogen disks in galaxies and the extragalactic radiation field

It is shown that the very sharp truncation of the neutral hydrogen distribution seen in NGC 3198 (and probably M33) is well modeled as the result of ionization of the atomic gas by the extragalactic radiation field. Below a critical column density of about a few times 10 exp 19/sq cm the gas is dominantly ionized and undetectable in the 21-cm line. It is inferred from the photoionization models that the total disk gas distribution in NGC 3198 is actually fairly axisymmetric. The critical column density for ionization is not a strong function of galaxy mass or mass distribution; thus, all galaxies should show a cutoff at approximately the same column density. Specific models of 3198 suggest that the extragalactic ionizing photon flux is 5000-10,000 photons/sq cm s.
Who benefits from the retrospective vote? Bringing in new parties

Abstract Democracies across the world have experienced the rise of new political parties. The dominant view of the model of (retrospective) economic voting implicitly assumes that the main beneficiary of electoral change is the established opposition. However, the rise of new political parties affects how we think of retrospective (economic) voting. This article presents a more nuanced picture of electoral change and considers when electoral turnover benefits established opposition parties, and when new political parties. The theoretical model introduces different macro-economic and macro-political motives for electoral turnover. Using a novel dataset on electoral change, covering 59 democracies worldwide, it is found that high levels of corruption discredit the entire political establishment, and promote the rise of new parties. The effect of economic hardship is more nuanced. Low economic growth mainly benefits the established opposition because voters look for an established alternative within the political system. Rising unemployment, by contrast, promotes the rise of new parties.
On a class of nonhomogeneous quasilinear problem involving Sobolev spaces with variable exponent.

We study the nonlinear boundary value problem − div ( ( |∇u(x)|1 + |∇u(x)|2 ) ∇u(x) ) = = λ|u|u− μ|u|u in Ω, u = 0 on ∂Ω, where Ω is a bounded domain in R with smooth boundary, λ, μ are positive real numbers, p1, p2, q and α are a continuous functions on Ω satisfying appropriate conditions. First result we show the existence of infinitely many weak solutions for any λ, μ > 0. Second we prove that for any μ > 0, there exists λ∗ sufficiently small, and λ∗ large enough such that for any λ ∈ (0, λ∗) ∪ (λ ∗,∞), the above nonhomogeneous quasilinear problem has a non-trivial weak solution. The proof relies on some variational arguments based on a Z2-symmetric version for even functionals of the mountain pass theorem, the Ekeland’s variational principle and some adequate variational methods .
Dietary Methionine Increased the Growth Performances and Immune Function of Partridge Shank Broilers after Challenged with Coccidia

Simple Summary Met is the first limiting amino acid in the poultry diet. In this study, optimal levels of dietary Met improved the production of partridge shank broilers. This result might be related to immune function and antioxidant capacity. Moreover, the requirements of digestible Met in terms of on-production performance (ADG and F/G) and immune function (sIgA in ileum mucosa) in partridge shank broilers (1–21 day) were calculated to be 0.418, 0.451, and 0.451% of diet, respectively, when birds were given anticoccidial drug treatment, with corresponding figures of 0.444, 0.455, and 0.452 when coccidia vaccine was administered. Abstract The present study investigated the effects of methionine (Met) on growth, immune function, and antioxidant capacity in partridge shank broilers, which were treated with either an anticoccidial drug or a coccidia vaccine. Chickens were fed five graded levels of Met (0.33%, 0.39%, 0.45%, 0.51%, or 0.57%) for 21 days in combination with the drug or vaccine. The results revealed that an optimal level of Met supplementation (1) increased ADFI (average daily feed intake), ADG (average daily gain), and F/G values (feed-to-gain ratio), indicating improved production; (2) increased OPG levels (oocysts per gram feces), intestinal lesion scores, bursa of Fabricius and thymus indexes, and sIgA content; (3) improved GSH-Px activities, and increased content levels of T-protein, albumin, and urea nitrogen. In addition, birds in the anticoccidial drug group had higher final weights, higher ADFI and ADG values, as well as lower F/G values, compared with birds in the vaccine group, indicating that coccidia vaccine reduces the performance of broilers. In conclusion, we found that an optimal level of dietary Met improved the production of partridge shank broilers, and this result might be related to immune function and antioxidant capacity. Optimal levels of digestible Met in terms of production performance (ADG and F/G) and immune function (sIgA in ileum mucosa) in partridge shank broilers (1–21 days) were found to be 0.418, 0.451, and 0.451 of diet, respectively, when birds were given anticoccidial drug treatment, with corresponding figures of 0.444, 0.455, and 0.452% when the coccidia vaccine was administered.
Caffeic Acid Has Antiviral Activity against Ilhéus Virus In Vitro

Ilhéus virus (ILHV) is a neglected mosquito-borne flavivirus. ILHV infection may lead to Ilhéus fever, an emerging febrile disease like dengue fever with the potential to evolve into a severe neurological disease characterized by meningoencephalitis; no specific treatments are available for this disease. This study assessed the antiviral properties of caffeic acid, an abundant component of plant-based food products that is also compatible with the socioeconomic limitations associated with this neglected infectious disease. The in vitro activity of caffeic acid on ILHV replication was investigated in Vero and A549 cell lines using plaque assays, quantitative RT-PCR, and immunofluorescence assays. We observed that 500 µM caffeic acid was virucidal against ILHV. Molecular docking indicated that caffeic acid might interact with an allosteric binding site on the envelope protein.
Water Level Forecasting in Tidal Rivers during Typhoon Periods through Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition

In this study, a novel model that performs ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and stepwise regression was developed to forecast the water level of a tidal river. Unlike more complex hydrological models, the main advantage of the proposed model is that the only required data are water level data. EEMD is used to decompose water level signals from a tidal river into several intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). These IMFs are then used to reconstruct the ocean and stream components that represent the tide and river flow, respectively. The forecasting model is obtained through stepwise regression on these components. The ocean component at a location 1 h ahead can be forecast using the observed ocean components at the downstream gauging stations, and the corresponding stream component can be forecast using the water stages at the upstream gauging stations. Summing these two forecasted components enables the forecasting of the water level at a location in the tidal river. The proposed model is conceptually simple and highly accurate. Water level data collected from gauging stations in the Tanshui River in Taiwan during typhoons were used to assess the feasibility of the proposed model. The water level forecasting model accurately and reliably predicted the water level at the Taipei Bridge gauging station.
Functional characterization of CEP250 variant identified in nonsyndromic retinitis pigmentosa

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is the most common manifestation of inherited retinal diseases with high degree of genetic, allelic, and phenotypic heterogeneity. CEP250 encodes the C‐Nap1 protein and has been associated with various retinal phenotypes. Here, we report the identification of a mutation (c.562C>T, p.R188*) in the CEP250 in a consanguineous family with nonsyndromic RP. To gain insights into the molecular pathomechanism underlying CEP250 defects and the functional relevance of CEP250 variants in humans, we conducted a functional characterization of CEP250 variant using a novel Cep250 knockin mouse line. Remarkably, the disruption of Cep250 resulted in severe impairment of retinal function and significant retinal morphological alterations. The homozygous knockin mice showed significantly reduced retinal thickness and ERG responses. This study not only broadens the spectrum of phenotypes associated with CEP250 mutations, but also, for the first time, elucidates the function of CEP250 in photoreceptors using a newly established animal model.
Research on Green Closed-Loop Supply Chain Considering Manufacturer's Fairness Concerns and Sales Effort

To reduce resource loss and environmental pollution, green CLSC has become a hot issue that manufacturing enterprises pay attention to. In green CLSC, manufacturers would pay attention to the fairness of profit distribution when making sales efforts. Therefore, this paper studies a green closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) considering manufacturer sales efforts and fairness concerns. Then, the centralized model and decentralized model are built and analyzed. Afterward, a profit-sharing contract between members is designed to coordinate the supply chain. We made the following observations: (1) The manufacturers’ fairness concerns would reduce product green degree, sales effort and recycling rate of used products, which is not conducive to the sustainable development of the green closed-loop supply chain. (2) When the manufacturers’ fairness concerns are gradually strengthened, the optimal decisions would deviate even more from the optimal equilibrium results. (3) When the coefficient of fairness concerns and the ratio of profit-sharing satisfy a certain range, Pareto improvement can be effectively realized.
Characterization of Continuous Transcriptional Heterogeneity in High-Risk Blastemal-Type Wilms’ Tumors Using Unsupervised Machine Learning

Wilms’ tumors are pediatric malignancies that are thought to arise from faulty kidney development. They contain a wide range of poorly differentiated cell states resembling various distorted developmental stages of the fetal kidney, and as a result, differ between patients in a continuous manner that is not well understood. Here, we used three computational approaches to characterize this continuous heterogeneity in high-risk blastemal-type Wilms’ tumors. Using Pareto task inference, we show that the tumors form a triangle-shaped continuum in latent space that is bounded by three tumor archetypes with “stromal”, “blastemal”, and “epithelial” characteristics, which resemble the un-induced mesenchyme, the cap mesenchyme, and early epithelial structures of the fetal kidney. By fitting a generative probabilistic “grade of membership” model, we show that each tumor can be represented as a unique mixture of three hidden “topics” with blastemal, stromal, and epithelial characteristics. Likewise, cellular deconvolution allows us to represent each tumor in the continuum as a unique combination of fetal kidney-like cell states. These results highlight the relationship between Wilms’ tumors and kidney development, and we anticipate that they will pave the way for more quantitative strategies for tumor stratification and classification.
Relationship between Joint and Ligament Structures of the Subtalar Joint and Degeneration of the Subtalar Articular Facet

This study aimed to clarify the relationship between the joint and ligament structures of the subtalar joint and degeneration of the subtalar articular facet. We examined 50 feet from 25 Japanese cadavers. The number of articular facets, joint congruence, and intersecting angles were measured for the joint structure of the subtalar joint, and the footprint areas of the ligament attachments of the cervical ligament, interosseous talocalcaneal ligament (ITCL), and anterior capsular ligament were measured for the ligament structure. Additionally, subtalar joint facets were classified into Degeneration (+) and (−) groups according to degeneration of the talus and calcaneus. No significant relationship was identified between the joint structure of the subtalar joint and degeneration of the subtalar articular facet. In contrast, footprint area of the ITCL was significantly higher in the Degeneration (+) group than in the Degeneration (−) group for the subtalar joint facet. These results suggest that the joint structure of the subtalar joint may not affect degeneration of the subtalar articular facet. Degeneration of the subtalar articular facet may be related to the size of the ITCL.
(Ga,Mn)As: A new diluted magnetic semiconductor based on GaAs

A new GaAs‐based diluted magnetic semiconductor, (Ga,Mn)As, was prepared by molecular beam epitaxy. The lattice constant of (Ga,Mn)As films was determined by x‐ray diffraction and shown to increase with the increase of Mn composition, x. Well‐aligned in‐plane ferromagnetic order was observed by magnetization measurements. Magnetotransport measurements revealed the occurrence of anomalous Hall effect in the (Ga,Mn)As layer.
An optimal multilayer neural interpolating (OMNI) net in a generalized Fock space setting

As a generalization and extension of the OI (optimal interpolative) artificial neural network, an OMNI (optimal multilayer neural interpolative) net is proposed. An OMNI net is an interconnected system of OI nets in either feedforward, feedback, or recurrent configuration. The synaptic weights for the OMNI net can be calculated by closed-form expressions. For the feedforward configuration a forward-propagation algorithm is described. OMNI nets can be used for classification and interpretation of complex patterns. As an example, an OMNI net model for the six-layer cortical column of the human brain is described. <<ETX>>
Relationships Among Live Body Weight and Some Body Measurements in Sudanese Kenana Bulls

The phenotypic relationship between live body weight (kg) and body measurements (cm) for Sudanese bulls is explored. In this research, data from one visit survey were used to estimate the relationships between live body weight and some body measurements of Sudanese Kenana bulls. General linear model analysis with multivariate ANOVA when all physical variables were response and animal live body weight groups (kg) as independent, and simple linear Pearson's correlation were formed between live body weight (Bwt), Heart girth (HG), Heart girth at hump (HTH), Body length (Bl) and Abdominal girth (ABG). The results revealed the best linear correlation between body weight and measurements was heart girth at hump (0.65, 0.66 and 0.73) respectively, for live body weight groups. The obtained linear correlation coefficients were relatively highly accurate indicators of live body weight. This suggests that live body weight could be estimated accurately by body measurements in Sudanese Kenana Bulls.
EEC resources and strategies

In common with those of other regions, the major wastes of the European Community (EC) that may be regarded as potential sources of lignocellulose are animal manures, crop and forestry residues, domestic and industrial solid wastes and waste paper. The availability reflects the agricultural policy under the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) as well as the shortfall in timber production within the EC. Significant regional differences exist due to variations in climate and both agricultural and industrial practices. Of particular importance in future will be policy in respect of land use and/or steps taken to reduce agricultural surpluses.
Hydrodynamical Simulations of Turbulent Convection in a Rotating Red Giant Star

Abstract We present 3-D hydrodynamical simulations of the extended turbulent convective envelope of a low-mass red giant star. These simulations, computed with the ASH code, aim at understanding the redistribution of angular momentum and heat in extended turbulent convection zones of these giant stars. We focus our study on the effects of turbulence and of the rotation rate on the convective patterns and on the distribution of angular momentum within the inner 50% of the convective envelope of such stars.
Anisotropy and magnetostriction of germanium‐substituted yttrium iron garnet

The anisotropy, magnetostriction, and linewidth of germanium‐substituted yttrium iron garnet single crystals of the composition {Y3−xMexII} [Fe2](Fe3−y−zMeyIVFezII) O12−δFδ(MeII=Ca2+,Pb2+,and MeIV=Ge4+,Si4+) have been studied by means of ferromagnetic resonance. Analysis data of Fe2+, Ge4+, and of the impurities Pb2+, Ca2+, Si4+ and F− are given for all crystals as well as optical‐absorption coefficients in the wavelength range 1–2.5 μm. The resonance measurements have been carried out at 9.25 GHz in the temperature range 4.2–460 °K. A comparison of the temperature dependence of the anisotropy contributions caused by Fe2+ with the single‐ion model leads to a good agreement. However, it has to be assumend that only one‐third of the Fe2+ ions are effective. The contribution to the magnetostriction constants turns out to be positive for both λ100 and λ111. Maxima of the resonance linewidth were observed at about 40 and 370 °K.
Spectroscopic observations of two proto planetary-nebulae candidates: SS73 56 & Hen 2-79 ?

We report new spectroscopic observations of two proto planetary-nebulae candidates: SS73 56 and Hen 2-79 between 3200 A and 8000 A. From the measurements of several forbidden and permitted emission lines of single ionized iron, we derived the color excess and the excitation temperature. We discuss the nature of the two objects based on data obtained. The iron spectrum closely resembles Car but the absence or the weakness of (Nii)5754 A compared to Car reduces the possibility of being a LBV object. We also compare the two objects with the peculiar emission-line object SS73 11 that was recently analyzed by us.
Capillary flow in an interior corner

The design of fluids management processes in the low-gravity environment of space requires an accurate description of capillarity-controlled flow in containers. Here we consider the spontaneous redistribution of fluid along an interior corner of a container due to capillary forces. The analytical portion of the work presents an asymptotic formulation in the limit of a slender fluid column, slight surface curvature along the flow direction z, small inertia, and low gravity. The scaling introduced explicitly accounts for much of the variation of flow resistance due to geometry and so the effects of corner geometry can be distinguished from those of surface curvature. For the special cases of a constant height boundary condition and a constant flow condition, the similarity solutions yield that the length of the fluid column increases as t1/2 and t3/5, respectively. In the experimental portion of the work, measurements from a 2.2 s drop tower are reported. An extensive data set, collected over a previously unexplored range of flow parameters, includes estimates of repeatability and accuracy, the role of inertia and column slenderness, and the effects of corner angle, container geometry, and fluid properties. At short times, the fluid is governed by inertia (t[lsim ]tLc). Afterwards, an intermediate regime (tLc[lsim ]t[lsim ] tH) can be shown to be modelled by a constant-flow-like similarity solution. For t[ges ]tH it is found that there exists a location zH at which the interface height remains constant at a value h(zH, t)=H which can be shown to be well predicted. Comprehensive comparison is made between the analysis and measurements using the constant height boundary condition. As time increases, it is found that the constant height similarity solution describes the flow over a lengthening interval which extends from the origin to the invariant tip solution. For t[Gt ]tH, the constant height solution describes the entire flow domain. A formulation applicable throughout the container (not just in corners) is presented in the limit of long times.
Does opportunity co-creation help the poor entrepreneurs? Evidence from China

Extreme poverty can be alleviated through entrepreneurship, but starting a business can be elusive among impoverished people, partly due to a lack of access to entrepreneurial opportunities. In the current literature, the source of entrepreneurial opportunity for the poor remains unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we used the opportunity co-creation perspective to examine the impact of opportunity co-creation on the entrepreneurial performance of the poor and its various influence pathways. We developed a chain multiple mediation model and surveyed 330 poor entrepreneurs from the Wuling Mountain Region, which used to be one of the 14 contiguous poverty-stricken areas in China until the end of 2020 when the country announced the eradication of extreme poverty. Data analysis was done using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results suggest that opportunity co-creation has a direct positive effect on the entrepreneurial performance of the poor and an indirect positive effect through the chain mediating effect of opportunity beliefs and entrepreneurial behavior. The findings confirm that opportunity co-creation is a critical factor for entrepreneurs in poor areas to overcome the lack of entrepreneurial opportunities and can also contribute to a better understanding of opportunity beliefs and entrepreneurial behavior. Furthermore, these results have important implications for poor entrepreneurs and provide opportunity co-creation solutions for poverty reduction through entrepreneurship.
Identification Codes: A Topical Review With Design Guidelines for Practical Systems

A wide range of information technology applications require the identification of a particular message or label that represents the identity of an object at a distance, e.g., over a wireless channel. Conventionally, the underlying information that represents the identity is transmitted over the channel, following the information-theoretic concept of message transmission. If the purpose of the interaction over the channel is only to verify (match) an identity, then the concept of identification over channels—utilizing the identification codes that have been developed by the information theory community—can provide an exponential efficiency gain over message transmission. This topical review article conducts for the first time a comprehensive detailed evaluation of the existing identification codes for the practically relevant regime of finite parameters. We examine essentially all published identification codes, including codes based on inner constant weight codes that are concatenated with outer linear block codes, such as Reed-Solomon and Reed-Muller codes. Specifically, we conduct a holistic identification code comparison based on the logarithm of the number of representable identities (in shannon), the size (in bit) of the transmitted cue that represents an identity, and the corresponding type II error probability bound for essentially all existing identification codes. Based on the resulting insights, we formulate guidelines for the design of practical (finite-parameter) identification codes. For instance, we find that a linear block code (without concatenation with a sophisticated inner constant-weight code) is sufficient for most practical identification code usages.