Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Feature Based Comparative Analysis of Traditional Intrusion Detection System and Software-Defined Networking Based Intrusion Detection System

Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) play a crucial role in a comprehensive security framework for an organization by detection and response to security incidents, encompassing both network-based and host-based threats. The selection of IDS components and its configuration depends upon the security requirements of the company and the prevailing threat landscape they encounter. The conventional Intrusion Detection System (IDS) and the Software-Defined Networking (SDN) IDS share the common objective of identifying and mitigating network security breaches. However, they diverge notably in terms of their architectural design and operational methodology. This paper presents a comparative analysis between a traditional Intrusion Detection System (IDS) and a Software-Defined Networking (SDN) based IDS. It aims to offer a comprehensive examination of both IDS systems, enabling organizations to make informed decisions considering their unique security requirements, network architecture, and operational limitations.
The factors affecting the implementation of succession planning in the Ministry of Health and Social Services (MOHSS), Namibia

The aim of the study was to investigate the factors affecting the implementation of succession planning in the Ministry of Health and Social Services (MoHSS) in Namibia. Three objectives were set for achieving the aim of study, namely, to determine the factors that have an impact on the implementation of a succession planning programme in the MoHSS; to investigate the human resources management; to investigate the involvement of human resources in recruitment, selection and placement for key posts; and to determine how middle managers are groomed for their management positions. This exploratory study adopted a quantitative descriptive approach, based on data collected using a survey questionnaire. The sampling frame was set at 110 respondents and all questionnaires were completed and returned within a three-week time frame. Data was analysed by means of statistical analysis using Microsoft software and presented in the form of descriptive statistics. The study found that several factors affect the implementation of succession planning in the MoHSS. These factors include leaders being reluctant to take on succession planning; leaders assuming that succession planning do not form part of their work; inadequate information on succession planning; excessive cost/lack of resources; recruitment and replacement; a lack of clear assessment criteria and difficulties associated with internal resistance to change. Given the survey findings, this study recommends that the MoHSS should create greater awareness of succession planning amongst its employees, particularly supervisors and high-level managers. Given the complexity of succession planning, the MoHSS needs to provide increased and clear information on how succession planning should be implemented. Policy documents should be developed to help both managers of human resources (HR) and high-level managers to implement succession planning. In particular, performance assessment criteria should be clear and the MoHSS should consider implementing a performance appraisal system.
Diversity partitioning in Permian and Early Triassic benthic ecosystems of the Western USA: a comparison

Abstract This paper compares the relative contributions of within-habitat diversity [alpha-diversity] and between-habitat-diversity [beta-diversity] to regional diversity [gamma-diversity] in marine benthic communities of the western US before and after the end-Permian mass extinction. We found that presumably cool-water faunas from the Permian Gerster Limestone and the Park City Formation had low alpha- and beta-diversities, comparable to those of low diverse faunas of the Early Triassic. In contrast, tropical Permian faunas had much higher alpha-diversities and a variable pattern of beta-diversity: Whereas faunas of space-limited bioherms show a positive correlation between beta-diversity and gamma-diversity, beta-diversity in level-bottom faunas is elevated only when gamma-diversity is very high (>250 species). This contrasting pattern probably reflects differential effects of interspecific competition on habitat partitioning. In low-competitive level-bottom faunas, species are able to coexist until competition forces species into their ecological optima, thereby increasing beta-diversity. This effect occurs at much lower gamma-diversities in more competitive reef-bound faunas, causing the observed positive correlation between beta- and gamma-diversity. We suggest that differences in the level of interspecific competition and hence diversity partitioning between Permian and Triassic benthic communities result from the higher average metabolic rates in the Mesozoic mollusc-dominated benthos in contrast to their Permian counterparts.
Prediction of Adolescent Depression Relapse Events Using Fusion of Actigraphy and Ecological Momentary Assessment Features

The objective of this study is to explore the application of machine learning (ML) for the prediction of relapse events in adolescents suffering from Major Depressive Disorder using actigraphy and ecological momentary assessment (EMA) data. The data were collected from 114 adolescents aged between 12 and 21 who were participating in a depression research study at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health. They made up to 8 visits where a psychiatrist would assess their level of depression by conducting a Children's Depression Rating Scale (CDRS) survey. Between visits, participants wore the GeneActiv wearable device to provide actigraphy data and also answered survey questions to provide EMA data. Any subject that experienced one visit with a CDRS score of less than 40 followed by another visit with a score of greater than 40 was labelled as undergoing a relapse event. Various ML methods including support vector machines, random forests, and neural networks in combination with fusion methods were used to predict relapse events. After training the above methods on 67% of the participants and testing them on the remaining ones, it was determined that feature fusion techniques applied to actigraphy and EMA metrics produced the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.72. Another novel technique combining raw actigraphy counts with the aforementioned metrics yielded areas of up to 0.65. Overall, the results show that there is much promise that can be held in the integration of digital phenotypes for the prediction of relapse events in adolescents.
Altering Calcium Sensitivity in Heart Failure: A Crossroads of Disease Etiology and Therapeutic Innovation

Heart failure (HF) presents a significant clinical challenge, with current treatments mainly easing symptoms without stopping disease progression. The targeting of calcium (Ca2+) regulation is emerging as a key area for innovative HF treatments that could significantly alter disease outcomes and enhance cardiac function. In this review, we aim to explore the implications of altered Ca2+ sensitivity, a key determinant of cardiac muscle force, in HF, including its roles during systole and diastole and its association with different HF types—HF with preserved and reduced ejection fraction (HFpEF and HFrEF, respectively). We further highlight the role of the two rate constants kon (Ca2+ binding to Troponin C) and koff (its dissociation) to fully comprehend how changes in Ca2+ sensitivity impact heart function. Additionally, we examine how increased Ca2+ sensitivity, while boosting systolic function, also presents diastolic risks, potentially leading to arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. This suggests that strategies aimed at moderating myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity could revolutionize anti-arrhythmic approaches, reshaping the HF treatment landscape. In conclusion, we emphasize the need for precision in therapeutic approaches targeting Ca2+ sensitivity and call for comprehensive research into the complex interactions between Ca2+ regulation, myofilament sensitivity, and their clinical manifestations in HF.
Asking Expresses a Desire to Know

A speaker's use of a sentence does more than contribute content to a conversation. It also expresses the speaker's attitude. This essay is about which attitude or attitudes are expressed by using an interrogative sentence to ask a question. With reference to eight lines of data about how questions are circulated in conversation, it is argued that a desire to know the question's answer(s) is expressed.
A new AI-based method for clustering survey responses

Many research projects, particularly in social science research, depend on clustering survey responses. When analyzing survey data, traditional clustering algorithms have several drawbacks. The ability to analyze survey data more effectively has been made possible by recent developments in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). The aim of this article is to present a new, AI-based method of clustering survey responses using a Variational Autoencoder (VAE). To determine the effectiveness of grouping, the new VAE clustering method was compared with K-means, PCA and k-means, and Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering methods by applying the Silhouette score, the Calinski-Harabasz score, and the Davies-Bouldin score metrics.In the case of the Silhouette Score, the developed VAE method obtained a 69% higher average effectiveness of clustering survey responses than the others. For the Calinski-Harabasz Score and the Davies-Bouldin Score, respectively, the VAE method outperformed the other methods by 164% and 111%, respectively.The VAE method allowed for the most effective grouping of responses given by respondents. It has made it possible to capture complex relationships and patterns in the data. In addition, the method is suitable for analyzing different types of survey data (continuous, categorical, and mixed data) and is resistant to noise and missing data.
Computationally Aware Surrogate Models for the Hydrodynamic Response Characterization of Floating Spar-Type Offshore Wind Turbine

Due to increasing environmental concerns and global energy demand, the development of Floating Offshore Wind Turbines (FOWTs) is on the rise. FOWTs offer a promising solution to expand wind farm deployment into deeper waters with abundant wind resources. However, their harsh operating conditions and lower maturity level compared to fixed structures pose significant engineering challenges, notably in the design phase. A critical challenge is the time-consuming hydromechanics analysis traditionally done using computationally intensive Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models. In this study, we introduce Artificial Intelligence-based surrogate models using state-of-the-art Machine Learning algorithms. These surrogate models achieve CFD-level accuracy (within 3% difference) while dramatically reducing computational requirements from minutes to milliseconds. Specifically, we build a surrogate model for characterizing the hydrodynamic response of a floating spar-type offshore wind turbine (including added mass, radiation damping matrices, and hydrodynamic excitation) using computationally efficient shallow Machine Learning models, optimizing the trade-off between computational efficiency and accuracy, based on data generated by a cutting-edge potential-flow code.
The giant leap to humankind

Penny (2009) urges that biologists stress more strongly the biological continuity between great apes and humans. Besides stressing genetic similarities, he suggests that great apes also share psychological capacities, including language and tool use. I argue that he underestimates the psychological differences. There is no evidence that great apes have anything approaching human language, or human technological capacity. A main ingredient of human cognition is recursion, which lifted communication to true combinatorial language and simple tool use to advanced combinatorial technology. Recursion may also explain the combinatorial structure of human memory, imagination, and theory of mind. Part of the key, as Penny recognises, may lie in the trajectory of human brain growth, but there is still much to understand in how micro-tweaking of the genome achieved such dramatic differences between ape and human.
CD200/CD200R: Bidirectional Role in Cancer Progression and Immunotherapy

As an immune checkpoint molecule, CD200 serves a foundational role in regulating immune homeostasis and promoting self-tolerance. While CD200 expression occurs in various immune cell subsets and normal tissues, its aberrant expression patterns in hematologic malignancies and solid tumors have been linked to immune evasion and cancer progression under pathological conditions, particularly through interactions with its cognate receptor, CD200R. Through this CD200/CD200R signaling pathway, CD200 exerts its immunosuppressive effects by inhibiting natural killer (NK) cell activation, cytotoxic T cell functions, and M1-polarized macrophage activity, while also facilitating expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and Tregs. Moreover, CD200/CD200R expression has been linked to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and distant metastasis, further illustrating its role in cancer progression. Conversely, CD200 has also been shown to exert anti-tumor effects in certain cancer types, such as breast carcinoma and melanoma, indicating that CD200 may exert bidirectional effects on cancer progression depending on the specific tumor microenvironment (TME). Regardless, modulating the CD200/CD200R axis has garnered clinical interest as a potential immunotherapeutic strategy for cancer therapy, as demonstrated by early-phase clinical trials. However, further research is necessary to fully understand the complex interactions of CD200 in the tumor microenvironment and to optimize its therapeutic potential in cancer immunotherapy.
Enzymatic Acylation of Black Rice Anthocyanins and Evaluation of Antioxidant Capacity and Stability of Their Derivatives

In this study, the structure of the anthocyanin fractions isolated from black rice (Oryza sativa L.) was modified by the enzyme catalysis method using caffeic acid as an acyl donor. At the same time, the effects of the acylation on the lipophilicity, antioxidant activity, and stability of black rice anthocyanins were comprehensively evaluated. The structural analyses of acylated derivatives based on ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry, and thermogravimetric analysis revealed that caffeic acid was efficiently grafted onto the anthocyanins of black rice through an acylated reaction, while the acylation binding site was on glucoside. When the mass ratios of anthocyanins to caffeic acid were 1:1, the A319/AVis-max value of acylated anthocyanins reached 6.37. Meanwhile, the lipophilicity of acylated derivatives was enhanced. The antioxidant capacity (DPPH and FRAP) and stability (thermal, pH, and light stability) were significantly increased. Overall, the study results provide deeper insights into controlling anthocyanin homeostasis in food processing, broadening the application of colored grain products.
A Conceptual Framework for Determinants of Customer Satisfaction of Fixed-Line Telecom Services in Pakistan

With the progression of communication technologies, there has been a decline in people's utilization of fixed-line telephones. It is essential to ascertain the fundamental causes underlying this phenomenon. There are numerous assumptions that service providers tend to favor their interests. Gaining an understanding of the factors that contribute to client satisfaction may require a significant investment of effort. Consequently, this study aims to ascertain the determinants that impact consumers' happiness with their fixed-line telecommunications service. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, a theoretical framework is presented whereby consumer satisfaction is considered the dependent variable. At the same time, responsiveness, perceived value, perceived service quality, and staff attitude are regarded as independent variables. The primary objective of this study is to ascertain the key factors that significantly influence Customer Satisfaction with Fixed-Line Telecom Services in Pakistan.
SPO2 Monitoring System

Pulmonary Fibrosis, a lung disease which material-izes when the tissue between alveoli and the blood vessels in the lungs start to thicken and harden, disallowing the lungs to function optimally. This in turn damages the lungs and the respiratory system inside the body, affecting the patients' breathing and their daily activities. Conclusively, it causes a limited amount of oxygen(02) to flow inside the bloodstream, causing a significant drop in oxygen levels in patients. Since the oxygen levels of a patient and their heart rate are correlated, if the oxygen levels start to drop, so will the heart rate, leading to Bradycardia. Hence, regulating these oxygen levels and the heart rate as well as a person's body temperature, could solve or attempt to prevent multiple such diseases like pulmonary fibrosis, coronary heart diseases, hypoxemia, hypertension, sleep apnea, and many more diseases and disorders. In order to achieve stability in the oxygen levels, there should be an oxygen concentration. The function of the oxygen concentrator is to filter out the nitrogen from the air using a molecular sieve and pressure swing absorption process. This provides a 93 %- 95%pure oxygen through a pipe into the nostrils of the patient, supplying a constant rate of oxygen between 3 to 5 liters per minute(LPM). This ensures a regular supply of oxygen to the lungs and bloodstream, ensuring there is balance and control in the body. In order to measure the oxygen levels and heart rate, I would use an Arduino board, along with a MAX30102 sensor and an ESP8266 monitor. The oxygen levels would be measured using an infrared sensor that would be a feature of a watch that would be worn by the patient whose levels we are going to monitor.
Identification of the Key Genes Involved in Proline-Mediated Modification of Cell Wall Components in Rice Seedlings under Trivalent Chromium Exposure

Chromium (Cr) toxicity exerts a detrimental effect on various physiological, biochemical, and molecular attributes of plants including the structure and functions of cell walls. On the other hand, the exogenous application of proline (Pro) is a beneficial strategy to overcome Cr toxicity. Therefore, it is a novel strategy to find the key genes associated with cell wall composition in rice under trivalent Cr with/without Pro application. A total of 203 genes were activated in the four cell wall biosynthesis pathways under chromium stress, namely cellulose (60), hemicellulose (57), lignin (35), and pectin (51). Based on the expression abundance of microarrays, the number of differentially expressed genes, and the expression level of genes, the lignin pathway was a crucial pathway in response to Cr treatments, followed by the cellulose pathway. Through the estimation of gene expression variation factors between ‘Cr’ and ‘Cr+Pro’ treatments, OsUGP1, OsBGLU24, OsBGLU29, OsBGLU33, OsBMY1, and OsBMY2 in the cellulose pathway; OsXTH9, OsXTH10, OsXTH16, OsGAUT3, OsGAUT19, OsGAUT28, OsXTH1, OsGAUT12, and OsGAUT21 in the hemicellulose pathway; OsPAL3, OsPAL3, OsPOX1, and OsPRX77 in the lignin pathway; and OsPME25, OsPGL27, OsPME26, OsPGL9, and OsPLL12 in the pectin pathway are the key genes involved in cell wall modification during Cr exposure with exogenous Pro application. The Pro-mediated activation of these genes could be crucial players in modifying the cell wall structure and composition of rice plants under Cr stress, which needs to be further clarified.
Integrating Care for Mother–Infant Dyads After Preterm Birth: A Qualitative Study of Clinician Perspectives on Feasibility

Objective: There are gaps in receipt of maternal preventive services in the interconception period. Yet mother–infant dyads have frequent health care visits. Health systems have opportunities to better capitalize on existing visits to address dyad needs, but this possibility has not been fully explored. Methods: In this qualitative study we conducted semistructured interviews with clinical team members involved with birthing parents or infants after preterm birth. We conducted snowball sampling from teams in pediatrics, obstetrics, and family medicine at two geographically adjacent health systems. Interviews explored perspectives on existing barriers and facilitators to integrating dyad care across adult and infant teams. Interviews were audio-recorded, professionally transcribed, and coded using an integrated approach. Results: We interviewed 24 physicians, nurses, midwives, and social workers (March–November 2021). Participants identified barriers to integrated care including infrequent communication between clinical teams, which was generalizable to care of the birthing parent or infant as individuals, and additional barriers related to privacy, credentialing, and visit design that were specific to dyad care. To improve integration of dyad care, clinicians proposed adapting a variety tools and procedures currently used in their practices, including electronic health record tools for communication, dedicated roles to support communication or navigation, centralized information on resources for dyad care, referral protocols, identifying dyads for proactive outreach, and opportunities for clinicians to connect face-to-face about shared patients or families. Conclusions: Clinicians believe existing health care structures and processes can be adapted to address current substantial barriers to integrated dyad care.
Radiocarbon evidence for mid‐late Holocene changes in southwest Pacific Ocean circulation

Variability in the southwest (SW) Pacific Ocean circulation is influenced by the changes in the South Pacific subtropical gyre and its western boundary current, the East Australian Current (EAC). The EAC plays a significant role in transporting warm, well-ventilated, nutrient-poor waters to more temperate higher latitudes. Recent climate changes associated with EAC intensification have led to anomalous warming in the South Tasman, with implications for marine ecosystems and environment. A clear understanding of the significance of these changes requires knowledge of past natural variability. Here we have reconstructed a 4500 year record of regional sea surface radiocarbon reservoir ages (R) and local reservoir effects (ΔR). Our results reveal the centennial-scale variability over the last 4500 years, with R ranges as large as 390 14C yr. Older R (~410 14C yr) between 1610 to 1860 A.D. in our record, corresponding to the “Little Ice Age,” suggests a weaker influence of the EAC in the South Tasman. Between 4000 and 1900 cal years B.P., R and ΔR were significantly younger than the modern, with values of ~170 and −130 14C yr, respectively, indicating increased EAC transport of tropical waters into the South Tasman. We propose that the large R variability was influenced by strong and abrupt El Nino events which punctuated the muted El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) period in the mid-late Holocene and enabled increased westward flow of gyre waters into the SW Pacific. The strengthening of the EAC extension appears to have been a response to the precession-modulated ENSO-Southern Annular Mode interactions.