Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GammaTile® (GT) as a brachytherapy platform for rapidly growing brain metastasis

Abstract Background A subset of brain metastasis (BM) shows rapid recurrence post-initial resection or aggressive tumor growth between interval scans. Here we provide a pilot experience in the treatment of these BM with GammaTile® (GT), a collagen tile-embedded Cesium 131 (131Cs) brachytherapy platform. Methods We identified ten consecutive patients (2019–2023) with BM that showed either (1) symptomatic recurrence while awaiting post-resection radiosurgery or (2) enlarged by >25% of tumor volume on serial imaging and underwent surgical resection followed by GT placement. Procedural complication, 30-day readmission, local control, and overall survival were assessed. Results For this cohort of ten BM patients, 3 patients suffered tumor progression while awaiting radiosurgery and 7 showed >25% tumor growth prior to surgery and GT placement. There were no procedural complications or 30-day mortality. All patients were discharged home, with a median hospital stay of 2 days (range: 1–9 days). 4/10 patients experienced symptomatic improvement while the remaining patients showed stable neurologic conditions. With a median follow-up of 186 days (6.2 months, range: 69–452 days), no local recurrence was detected. The median overall survival (mOS) for the newly diagnosed BM was 265 days from the time of GT placement. No patients suffered from adverse radiation effects. Conclusion Our pilot experience suggests that GT offers favorable local control and safety profile in patients suffering from brain metastases that exhibit aggressive growth patterns and support the future investigation of this treatment paradigm.
The Protective Effect of Oxitard on Sperm Function and Antioxidant Status in Rats Exposed to Swimming Stress

Background: Infertility is a significant public health issue, but its impact on quality of life and treatment efficacy is limited. Modern medicine lacks safe and effective drugs for male infertility, while traditional medicine has explored herbal extracts like Oxitard, which contains multiple extracts and oils. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Oxitard on male rats exposed to swimming (SW) stress. Methods: Albino rats weighing 220-250 g were divided into five groups: control, SW stress, and SW treated with Oxitard at low, medium, and high doses of 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg/day, respectively. The rats were subjected to SW stress for 15 days and then assessed for body weight, reproductive organ weight, testosterone, antioxidant status, sperm function, and histological changes in the testes, seminal vesicles, and vas deferens. Results: The results showed that SW stress significantly reduced body weight, seminal vesicle weight, testosterone levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), sperm count, sperm motility, sperm viability, and significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The testes of the SW-stress group rats also showed a significant decrease in spermatogenesis and the number of seminiferous tubules containing sperm. In contrast, treatment with Oxitard, especially at the highest dose, demonstrated potent free radical scavenging activity, recovering antioxidant status, and sperm function. Conclusion: SW stress led to decreased sperm function, antioxidant status, and increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) in male rats. Oxitard treatment, particularly in high doses, showed a potential role as a free radical scavenger in treating oxidative stress (OS)-associated male infertility. Further studies are needed to investigate the individual components of Oxitard and conduct clinical trials in human subjects.
Optimal dynamic spatial sampling

This paper provides new tools for dynamic spatial sampling designs to find the optimal spatial mean estimation and the optimal spatial prediction, based on the temporal variation of the spatial dependence structure. We propose to model the time series formed by the sequence of the spatial covariance parameter estimators, taking into account the uncertainty associated with the estimations. A discussion of useful properties and techniques for estimation and forecasting under a variety of scenarios, including continuous time, is presented. An intensive simulation study is developed for a number of combinations of several time series lengths, spatial sample sizes, time series models, and covariance spatial functions. The methodology is applied to a network of air quality in Bogotá, Colombia, where we find the location of a mobile station that optimizes the spatial mean estimation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evolution of a surgical system using deep learning in minimally invasive surgery (Review)

Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) has been applied in various fields due to the development of new learning methods, such as deep learning, and the marked progress in computational processing speed. AI is also being applied in the medical field for medical image recognition and omics analysis of genomes and other data. Recently, AI applications for videos of minimally invasive surgeries have also advanced, and studies on such applications are increasing. In the present review, studies that focused on the following topics were selected: i) Organ and anatomy identification, ii) instrument identification, iii) procedure and surgical phase recognition, iv) surgery-time prediction, v) identification of an appropriate incision line, and vi) surgical education. The development of autonomous surgical robots is also progressing, with the Smart Tissue Autonomous Robot (STAR) and RAVEN systems being the most reported developments. STAR, in particular, is currently being used in laparoscopic imaging to recognize the surgical site from laparoscopic images and is in the process of establishing an automated suturing system, albeit in animal experiments. The present review examined the possibility of fully autonomous surgical robots in the future.
The switching glare illusion: Appearance and disappearance of glare effect due to figure-ground reversal

The glare illusion is an illusory perception of brightness enhancement and self-luminosity from a glare pattern, which consists of a central white area and surrounding areas with radial darkening luminance gradients. Here, we report a phenomenon we call “the switching glare illusion. ” In this phenomenon, observers experience perceptual alternation in which the glare effect repeatedly appears and disappears or attenuates when the multiple glare patterns are arranged in a grid pattern. This perceptual alternation is caused by a figure-ground reversal in the grid pattern. Since such a phenomenon has not been reported for a single glare pattern, this is caused by arranging multiple glare patterns in a grid. This new finding is worthy for further studies for understanding the mechanisms underlying the glare effect and brightness perception.
Amplitude modulation of streamwise velocity fluctuations in the roughness sublayer: evidence from large-eddy simulations

Recent studies have demonstrated that large- and very-large-scale motions in the logarithmic region of turbulent boundary layers ‘amplitude modulate’ dynamics of the near-wall region (Marusic et al., Science, vol. 329, 2010, pp. 193–196; Mathis et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 628, 2009a, pp. 311–337). These contributions prompted development of a predictive model for near-wall dynamics (Mathis et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 681, 2011, pp. 537–566) that has promising implications for large-eddy simulations of wall turbulence at high Reynolds numbers (owing to the presence of smaller scales as the wall is approached). Existing studies on the existence of amplitude modulation in wall-bounded turbulence have addressed smooth-wall flows, though high Reynolds number rough-wall flows are ubiquitous. Under such conditions, the production of element-scale vortices ablates the viscous wall region and a new near-wall layer emerges: the roughness sublayer. The roughness sublayer depth scales with aggregate roughness element height, $h$ , and is typically $2h\sim 3h$ . Above the roughness sublayer, Townsend’s hypothesis dictates that turbulence in the logarithmic layer is unaffected by the roughness sublayer (beyond its role in setting the friction velocity and thus inducing a deficit in the mean streamwise velocity known as the roughness function). Here, we present large-eddy simulation results of turbulent channel flow over rough walls. We follow the decoupling procedure outlined in Mathis et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 628, 2009a, 311–337) and present evidence that outer-layer dynamics amplitude modulate the roughness sublayer. Below the roughness element height, we report enormous sensitivity to the streamwise–spanwise position at which flow statistics are measured, owing to spatial heterogeneities in the roughness sublayer imparted by roughness elements. For $y/h\gtrsim 1.5$ (i.e. above the cubes, but within the roughness sublayer), topography dependence rapidly declines.
SLC5A3 is important for cervical cancer cell growth

Novel molecular targets for cervical cancer must be identified. This study examined the role of SLC5A3, a myo-inositol transporter, in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer. Through boinformatics analysis, we showed that the SLC5A3 mRNA levels were upregulated in cervical cancer tissues. The upregulated SLC5A3 mRNA levels were negatively correlated with survival and progression-free interval. Genes co-expressed with SLC5A3 were enriched in multiple signaling cascades involved in cancer progression. In primary/established cervical cancer cells, SLC5A3 shRNA/knockout (KO) exerted growth-inhibitory effects and promoted cell death/apoptosis. Furthermore, SLC5A3 knockdown or KO downregulated myo-inositol levels, induced oxidative injury, and decreased Akt-mTOR activation in cervical cancer cells. In contrast, supplementation of myo-inositol or n-acetyl-L-cysteine or transduction of a constitutively active Akt1 construct mitigated SLC5A3 KO-induced cytotoxicity in cervical cancer cells. Lentiviral SLC5A3 overexpression construct transduction upregulated the cellular myo-inositol level and promoted Akt-mTOR activation, enhancing cervical cancer cell proliferation and migration. The binding of TonEBP to the SLC5A3 promoter was upregulated in cervical cancer. In vivo studies showed that intratumoral injection of SLC5A3 shRNA-expressing virus arrested cervical cancer xenograft growth in mice. SLC5A3 KO also inhibited pCCa-1 cervical cancer xenograft growth. The SLC5A3-depleted xenograft tissues exhibited myo-inositol downregulation, Akt-mTOR inactivation, and oxidative injury. Transduction of sh-TonEBP AAV construct downregulated SLC5A3 expression and inhibited pCCa-1 cervical cancer xenograft growth. Together, overexpressed SLC5A3 promotes growth of cervical cancer cells, representing as a novel therapeutic oncotarget for the devastating disease.
Recent developments in magnetic tunnel junctions

The authors present various new phenomena in magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ). Since the interface and barrier structure play a significant role in determining the physical phenomena, they have employed various techniques to characterize this structure. For obtaining the barrier information, they have performed electron holography studies which directly show the energy profile with atomic resolution. The interdiffusion between different layers has been studied using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, elemental mapping, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. With this structural information, the authors showed the existence of bulklike contribution in MTJ and determined the characteristic length. In addition, they also observed a conductance minimum anomaly which is much different from the normally observed zero bias anomaly. Large inversed TMR has also been observed at bias as high as 0.4 V in MTJs with an Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/-ZrO barrier. The authors have modified the Brinkman model by incorporating the voltage dependent density of states of the ferromagnetic electrodes, which successfully explains the bias dependence of the tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR), conductance minimum anomaly, and inversed TMR.
The Implications of Moral Neuroscience for Brain Disease: Review and Update

The last 2 decades have seen an explosion of neuroscience research on morality, with significant implications for brain disease. Many studies have proposed a neuromorality based on intuitive sentiments or emotions aimed at maintaining collaborative social groups. These moral emotions are normative, deontological, and action based, with a rapid evaluation of intentionality. The neuromoral circuitry interacts with the basic mechanisms of socioemotional cognition, including social perception, behavioral control, theory of mind, and social emotions such as empathy. Moral transgressions may result from primary disorders of moral intuitions, or they may be secondary moral impairments from disturbances in these other socioemotional cognitive mechanisms. The proposed neuromoral system for moral intuitions has its major hub in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and engages other frontal regions as well as the anterior insulae, anterior temporal lobe structures, and right temporoparietal junction and adjacent posterior superior temporal sulcus. Brain diseases that affect these regions, such as behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia, may result in primary disturbances of moral behavior, including criminal behavior. Individuals with focal brain tumors and other lesions in the right temporal and medial frontal regions have committed moral violations. These transgressions can have social and legal consequences for the individuals and require increased awareness of neuromoral disturbances among such individuals with brain diseases.
The cichlid pharyngeal jaw novelty enhances evolutionary integration in the feeding apparatus.

The modified pharyngeal jaw system of cichlid fishes is widely viewed as a key innovation that substantially facilitated the evolutionary exuberance of this iconic evolutionary radiation. We conduct comparative phylogenetic analyses of integration, disparity, and rate of evolution among feeding-related, skeletal structures in Neotropical cichlids and North American centrarchids, which lack the specialized pharyngeal jaw. Contrasting evolutionary patterns in these two continental radiations, we test a classic decoupling hypothesis. Specifically, we ask whether the modified pharyngeal jaws in cichlids resulted in enhanced evolutionary independence of the oral and pharyngeal jaws, leading to increased diversity of trophic structures. Contrary to this prediction, we find significantly stronger evolutionary integration between the oral and pharyngeal jaws in cichlids compared to centrarchids, although the two groups do not differ in patterns of integration within each jaw system. Further, we find no significant differences between the two lineages in disparity or rates of morphological evolution. Our results suggest that the modified pharyngeal jaws resulted in less evolutionary independence of the feeding system, not greater independence as has long been thought. Thus, we raise the possibility that the cichlid novelty enhanced feeding performance, but did not substantially alter macroevolutionary dynamics within the feeding apparatus.
Outer membrane protein OMP76 of Riemerella anatipestifer contributes to complement evasion and virulence by binding to duck complement factor vitronectin

ABSTRACT Riemerella anatipestifer is an important bacterial pathogen in poultry. Pathogenic bacteria recruit host complement factors to resist the bactericidal effect of serum complement. Vitronectin (Vn) is a complementary regulatory protein that inhibits the formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC). Microbes use outer membrane proteins (OMPs) to hijack Vn for complement evasion. However, the mechanism by which R. anatipestifer achieves evasion is unclear. This study aimed to characterise OMPs of R. anatipestifer which interact with duck Vn (dVn) during complement evasion. Far-western assays and comparison of wild-type and mutant strains that were treated with dVn and duck serum demonstrated particularly strong binding of OMP76 to dVn. These data were confirmed with Escherichia coli strains expressing and not expressing OMP76. Combining tertiary structure analysis and homology modelling, truncated and knocked-out fragments of OMP76 showed that a cluster of critical amino acids in an extracellular loop of OMP76 mediate the interaction with dVn. Moreover, binding of dVn to R. anatipestifer inhibited MAC deposition on the bacterial surface thereby enhancing survival in duck serum. Virulence of the mutant strain ΔOMP76 was attenuated significantly relative to the wild-type strain. Furthermore, adhesion and invasion abilities of ΔOMP76 decreased, and histopathological changes showed that ΔOMP76 was less virulent in ducklings. Thus, OMP76 is a key virulence factor of R. anatipestifer. The identification of OMP76-mediated evasion of complement by recruitment of dVn contributes significantly to the understanding of the molecular mechanism by which R. anatipestifer escapes host innate immunity and provides a new target for the development of subunit vaccines.
Competition in context: response selection within the supervisory attentional system model

ABSTRACT We examined the effects of context bias and target exposure duration on error rates (ERR) and response times (RTs) in letter choice task within context. Surface Electromyography (sEMG) was recorded in both hands during context presentation, as a measure of readiness to respond. The goal was to affect the outcome of the task by manipulating relative schemata activation levels prior to target onset, as per the Supervisory Attentional System model. At short exposures, context bias and sEMG activity affected ERR, whereas at longer durations, RTs were affected. Context bias mediated the effect of sEMG activity. Increasing activity in both hands led to higher ERR and RTs in incongruent context. Non-increasing activity in the non-responding lead to lack of relationship between sEMG activity and behavior, irrespective of context. sEMG activity in both hands was found to be interrelated and context-sensitive. These results conform to the predictions of the Supervisory Attentional Model.
Mobile Apps for Dietary and Food Timing Assessment: Evaluation for Use in Clinical Research

Background Over the last decade, health mobile apps have become an increasingly popular tool used by clinicians and researchers to track food consumption and exercise. However, many consumer apps lack the technological features for facilitating the capture of critical food timing details. Objective This study aimed to introduce users to 11 apps from US app stores that recorded both dietary intake and food timing to establish which one would be the most appropriate for clinical research. Methods To determine a viable app that recorded both dietary intake and food timing for use in a food timing–related clinical study, we evaluated the time stamp data, usability, privacy policies, the accuracy of nutrient estimates, and general features of 11 mobile apps for dietary assessment that were available on US app stores. The following apps were selected using a keyword search of related terms and reviewed: text entry apps—Cronometer, DiaryNutrition, DietDiary, FoodDiary, Macros, and MyPlate; image entry apps—FoodView and MealLogger; and text plus image entry apps—Bitesnap, myCircadianClock, and MyFitnessPal. Results Our primary goal was to identify apps that recorded food time stamps, which 8 (73%) of the 11 reviewed apps did. Of the 11 apps, only 4 (36%) allowed users to edit the time stamps. Next, we sought to evaluate the usability of the apps using the System Usability Scale across 2 days, and 82% (9/11) of the apps received favorable scores for usability. To enable use in research and clinical settings, the privacy policies of each app were systematically reviewed using common criteria, with 1 (9%) Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act–compliant app (Cronometer). Furthermore, protected health information was collected by 9 (82%) of the 11 apps. Finally, to assess the accuracy of the nutrient estimates generated by these apps, we selected 4 sample food items and a 3-day dietary record to input into each app. The caloric and macronutrient estimates of the apps were compared with the nutrient estimates provided by a registered dietitian using the Nutrition Data System for Research database. In terms of the 3-day food record, the apps were found to consistently underestimate daily calories and macronutrients compared with the Nutrition Data System for Research output. Conclusions Overall, we found that the Bitesnap app provided flexible dietary and food timing functionality capable of being used in research and clinical settings, whereas most other apps lacked in the necessary food timing functionality or user privacy.
The primitive proof theory of the lambda-calculus

We consider formal provability with structural induction and related proof principles in the λ-calculus seen as a (functional) programming language, i.e., presented with first-order abstract syntax over one-sorted variable names. Structural induction is the principal primitive proof principle of that particular syntactic framework and it is, indeed, near-ubiquitously employed in informal proofs in the wider programming-language theory community. In spite of substantial efforts in the theorem-proving community, these informal proofs have unfortunately been neither formalised nor considered formalisable so far. This impasse must naturally raise uncomfortable questions about the formal validity of the proof principles. The highlights of the results we establish formally by structural means are the relative renaming freeness of β-residual theory, decidability of αequivalence, β-confluence, η-confluence, βη-confluence, β residual completion (aka strong weakly-finite β-development), residual β-confluence, η-overβ postponement, and notably β-standardisation. Interestingly, our uniform proof methodology, which has relevance beyond the λ-calculus, properly contains pen-and-paper proof practices in a precise sense except for the cases of α-decidability and β-standardisation where the known proofs fail in instructive ways. Our notion of residual completion, furthermore, presents a simplified treatment of residual theory compared to established practice, be it for strong finite development or for Huet’s Prism theorem/Levy’s Cube lemma. Overall, our approach makes precise what is the full algebraic proof burden of the considered results and our proofs, in fact, appear to be the first complete developments in the literature. Our results are relevant for researchers in programming language theory, rewriting, proof theory, and mechanised theorem proving/automated reasoning.