Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Preliminary Study on the Stone Artifacts Excavated from Locality 74093 of the Xujiayao Site in 1977

Xujiayao(40°06′02.8″N;113°58′41.4″E;ca.970 m above sea level) is an open-air site discovered in 1973 during field reconnaissance by members of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology(IVPP),Chinese Academy of Sciences.The site is located on the right bank of the Liyi River and is named after the local village.Scientists from the IVPP excavated Xujiayao in 1976,1977,and 1979.Xujiayao is represented by two localities(74093 and 73113),with evidence for archaic Homo sapiens,and the majority of the artifactual and vertebrate materials recovered from Locality 74093.The present paper is a preliminary report on the stone artifacts from Locality 74093 excavated in 1977.The Xujiayao site comprises fluviolacustrine deposits,with a stratigraphic profile consisting of a series of erosional surfaces intercalated with eight sandy clay and silty clay depositional layers.Five stratigraphic layers of the 3rd terrace were identified,with a total thickness of more than 15—20 m.Archaeological materials were unearthed mainly from the 3rd layer consisting of grayish green to brown clay(4 m thick). Dating shows that the human activities at this locality most probably took place in the early Late Pleistocene. A total of 1765 stone artifacts were unearthed from the spit U3 of the excavation in 1977.The stone assemblage includes cores(N=140),retouched pieces(132),flakes(399),flake fragments(427),chunks(667),and stone hammers(2). Lithic materials were locally available from ancient riverbeds with quartzite and vein quartz as the predominant raw material(accounting for 82.6%). The principal flaking technique was direct hammer percussion without prepared striking platforms,together with bipolar technique.Most stone artifacts were small in size,and most blanks for tool fabrication were flakes and flake fragments.More than 10 retouched types were identified,with scrapers and spheroids the most dominant,followed by notches,denticulates,points,burins,scraper-notches,borers,and choppers.Modified pieces were retouched by direct hammer percussion with mostly unifacial retouch on the distal end and lateral margins of the blanks. The lithic assemblage of this locality shows a close affiliation with the "Small Tool Tradition" in North China.It should be noted that the emergence of spheroids in the lithic assemblage is unique in Chinese Paleolithic studies.
PENGARUH HARGA MINYAK MENTAH TERHADAP PENERIMAAN PERPAJAKAN DAN PAJAK PENGHASILAN DI INDONESIA

Penelitian ini menganalisis secara empiris pengaruh harga minyak terhadap penerimaan pajak dan pajak penghasilan di Indonesia. Data dikumpulkan dari 33 provinsi antara tahun 2016 dan 2020. Untuk menganalisis data panel lintas provinsi, kami menggunakan model efek acak (REM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Harga Minyak Mentah Indonesia (ICP) dan Harga Minyak Mentah Brent berpengaruh positif terhadap penerimaan pajak dan secara statistik signifikan. ICP dan Brent juga berpengaruh positif terhadap pajak penghasilan dan secara statistik signifikan. Temuan lainnya adalah inflasi memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap penerimaan pajak dan pajak penghasilan. Temuan terakhir adalah nilai tukar berpengaruh negatif terhadap penerimaan pajak dan pajak penghasilan di Indonesia.
Penjaminan Mutu Pendidikan

Penelitian ini berangkat dari beberapa persoalan yang berkaitan dengan mutu sekolah. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini merupakan untuk mengkaji implementasi penjaminan mutu pendidikan di MTs Yayasan Bina Hasanah (YBH) dan MTs SA Miftahul Ulum dalam meningkatkan kinerja sekolah. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data ditempuh melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Pelaksanaan pemenuhan mutu yang dilakukan sekolah untuk meningkatkan kinerja sekolah di MTs Yayasan Bina Hasanah (YBH) dan MTs SA Miftahul Ulum cukup baik karena sudah dilakukan pemenuhan 8 standar nasional pendidikan dalam penyelenggaraannya.
Pengaruh Social Media Marketing Terhadap Purchase Intention pada Agree Mart

The development of technology and the internet has brought abundant innovations to support the agricultural sector, including iOS and Android-based applications. One company that recognizes the opportunities in agricultural digitalization is PT Telkom Indonesia , with its Digital Next Business (DXB) Directorate creating Agree. Agree provides the Agree Mart platform, an e-commerce marketplace, to contribute to the well-being of farmers. One of the Agree Mart marketing systems is using social media marketing. The aim of this study is to analyze the influence of social media marketing on purchase intention in Agree Mart . This research employs a quantitative method, utilizing online survey techniques among 120 Instagram followers of Agree Mart , and data analysis using SEM-PLS. The results reveal that Instagram's social media marketing for Agree Mart significantly and positively affects the purchase intention of Agree Mart 's Instagram account followers
Advancing Cancer Treatment: Enhanced Combination Therapy through Functionalized Porous Nanoparticles

Cancer remains a major global health challenge, necessitating the development of innovative treatment strategies. This review focuses on the functionalization of porous nanoparticles for combination therapy, a promising approach to enhance cancer treatment efficacy while mitigating the limitations associated with conventional methods. Combination therapy, integrating multiple treatment modalities such as chemotherapy, phototherapy, immunotherapy, and others, has emerged as an effective strategy to address the shortcomings of individual treatments. The unique properties of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) and other porous materials, like nanoparticles coated with mesoporous silica (NP@MS), metal–organic frameworks (MOF), mesoporous platinum nanoparticles (mesoPt), and carbon dots (CDs), are being explored for drug solubility, bioavailability, targeted delivery, and controlled drug release. Recent advancements in the functionalization of mesoporous nanoparticles with ligands, biomaterials, and polymers are reviewed here, highlighting their role in enhancing the efficacy of combination therapy. Various research has demonstrated the effectiveness of these nanoparticles in co-delivering drugs and photosensitizers, achieving targeted delivery, and responding to multiple stimuli for controlled drug release. This review introduces the synthesis and functionalization methods of these porous nanoparticles, along with their applications in combination therapy.
Analysis of Throughput and Pathloss in 5g Wireless Communication Under Mimo Channel Environment

In this paper Terahertz (THz) band line-of-sight 2 × 2 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)-sparse code multiple access (SCMA) systems is proposed to enhance the system performance. This proposed method is based on a sub harmonic mixer and translates the measuring frequency of vector network analyzer in the range of 298–313 GHz. The system employs a virtual antenna array method to distinguish a MIMO channel. The antenna factor spacing is derivative from the principles of diffraction inadequate optics to start parallel channels for higher system throughput and consistency. we build a joint sparse diagram combining the particular graph of MIMO channels and SCMA code words, and then propose the matching virtual SCMA codebooks for the detector. Furthermore, two strategies for message update on the joint sparse graph, i.e., parallel and serial schedules, are, correspondingly, offered. The MIMO channel measurements are finally used to estimate the performance of the communication system operating in THz band MIMO communication channel. Furthermore, we have shown the MIMO link in THz band operating at 7 Gb/s, with
A New Tool for Probabilistic Assessment of MPS Data Associated with mtDNA Mixtures

Mitochondrial (mt) DNA plays an important role in the fields of forensic and clinical genetics, molecular anthropology, and population genetics, with mixture interpretation being of particular interest in medical and forensic genetics. The high copy number, haploid state (only a single haplotype contributed per individual), high mutation rate, and well-known phylogeny of mtDNA, makes it an attractive marker for mixture deconvolution in damaged and low quantity samples of all types. Given the desire to deconvolute mtDNA mixtures, the goals of this study were to (1) create a new software, MixtureAceMT™, to deconvolute mtDNA mixtures by assessing and combining two existing software tools, MixtureAce™ and Mixemt, (2) create a dataset of in-silico MPS mixtures from whole mitogenome haplotypes representing a diverse set of population groups, and consisting of two and three contributors at different dilution ratios, and (3) since amplicon targeted sequencing is desirable, and is a commonly used approach in forensic laboratories, create biological mixture data associated with two amplification kits: PowerSeq™ Whole Genome Mito (Promega™, Madison, WI, USA) and Precision ID mtDNA Whole Genome Panel (Thermo Fisher Scientific by AB™, Waltham, MA, USA) to further validate the software for use in forensic laboratories. MixtureAceMT™ provides a user-friendly interface while reducing confounding features such as NUMTs and noise, reducing traditionally prohibitive processing times. The new software was able to detect the correct contributing haplogroups and closely estimate contributor proportions in sequencing data generated from small amplicons for mixtures with minor contributions of ≥5%. A challenge of mixture deconvolution using small amplicon sequencing is the potential generation of spurious haplogroups resulting from private mutations that differ from Phylotree. MixtureAceMT™ was able to resolve these additional haplogroups by including known haplotype/s in the evaluation. In addition, for some samples, the inclusion of known haplotypes was also able to resolve trace contributors (minor contribution 1–2%), which remain challenging to resolve even with deep sequencing.
Population Impacts of Population Impacts of Wolbachia on on Aedes albopictus

Prior studies have demonstrated that Wolbachia , a commonly occurring bacterium capable of manipulating host reproduction, can affect life history traits in insect hosts, which in turn can have population-level effects. Effects on hosts at the individual level are predicted to impact population dynamics, but the latter has not been examined empirically. Here, we describe a biological model system based on Aedes albopictus (Asian tiger mosquito) that allows for measurement of population dynamics, which has not been accomplished in prior ﬁeld trials or laboratory designs. The results demonstrate the studied populations to be robust and allow for persistent, closed populations with overlapping generations, which are regulated solely through density-dependent, intraspeciﬁc competition for limited resources. Using a novel experimental design, we compare populations that are either uninfected or infected with Wolbachia . The results show differences that include population size, eclosion rates, adult survivorship, and fecundity. The aposymbiotic populations were generally larger and adults longer lived relative to the infected populations. The outcome is discussed in context with naturally occurring Wolbachia invasions, proposed autocidal strategies, and the utility of the developed system as a biological platform for hypothesis testing and improved parameterization.
Synergizing language learning: SmallTalk AI In industry 4.0 and Education 4.0

Background As Industry 4.0 debuted roughly a decade ago, it is now necessary to examine how it affects various aspects of the discipline. It is the responsibility of the education sector to guarantee that the next generation is equipped mentally, physically, and cognitively to face unforeseen challenges. Numerous educational institutions are outfitted with Industry 4.0 technology-based learning. Industry 4.0 fosters advancements in learning methodologies, especially for language enhancements. Learners may gain knowledge at their base, providing them an opportunity for independent study. The majority of subjects have been acquired through Industry 4.0. This research chapter explores the intersection of Industry 4.0 and education, specifically focusing on the SmallTalk AI tool. It investigates how technological and digital innovations within the context of Industry 4.0 can serve as powerful tools to enhance language learning outcomes. Methods This article presents a comprehensive analysis of statistical data and empirical evidence to support the positive impact of Industry 4.0 technology of SmallTalk on language acquisition particularly speaking. The study also determines the relationship among participants’ usage through the technology acceptance model (TAM). Furthermore, it examines the challenges and opportunities associated with integrating these innovations into language learning pedagogies, offering insights for educators and policymakers to harness the potential of Industry 4.0 in fostering language proficiency. The research employs quantitative analysis. The data obtained from educational institutions has been analyzed using the SPSS and AMOS software. Results The results indicate that Industry 4.0 has had an important effect on English language acquisition. This self-supported adaptable system of education facilitates effective student learning. This study also suggests that future research into the utility of Industry 4.0 be conducted elsewhere internationally.
Eocene Basilosaurid Whales from the La Meseta Formation, Marambio (Seymour) Island, Antarctica

Abstract. Basal fully aquatic whales, the basilosaurids are worldwide known from Bartonian—Priabonian localities, indicating that this group was widely distributed during the late middle Eocene. In the Northern Hemisphere, fossils of basilosaurids are abundant, while records in the Southern Hemisphere are scarce and, in some cases (i.e., Antarctica), doubtful. The presence of basilosaurids in Antarctica was, until now, uncertain because most of the records are based on fragmentary materials that preclude an accurate assignment to known archaeocete taxa. Here we report the findings of mandibles, teeth, and innominate bone remains of basilosaurids recovered from the La Meseta Formation (TELM 4 Lutetian—Bartonian and; TELM 7 Priabonian), in Marambio (Seymour) Island (James Ross Basin, Antarctic Peninsula). These findings confirm the presence of Basilosauridae in the marine realm of Antarctica, increasing our knowledge of the paleobiogeographic distribution of basilosaurids during the middle—late Eocene. In addition, one of these records is among the oldest occurrences of basilosaurids worldwide, indicating a rapid radiation and dispersal of this group since at least the early middle Eocene. Resumen. El registro fósil de los basilosáuridos está bien documentado durante el Bartoniano—Priaboniano en varias localidades del mundo, lo cual indica que este grupo estaba ampliamente distribuido durante el Eoceno medio tardío. En el Hemisferio Norte, el registro fósil de este grupo es abundante, a diferencia de lo que ocurre en el Hemisferio Sur donde es escaso y, en algunos casos (i.e., Antártida), dudoso. La presencia de basilosáuridos en Antártida es incierta ya que la mayoría de los registros están basados en materiales fragmentarios, lo cual imposibilita su asignación a algún grupo de arqueocetos. En la presente contribución se describen restos de basilosáuridos correspondientes a mandíbulas, dientes aislados y un hueso pélvico, recuperados de la Formación La Meseta (TELM 4 Lutetiano—Bartoniano; TELM 7 Priaboniano), Isla Marambio (Seymour), (Cuenca James Ross, Península Antártica). Este hallazgo confirma la presencia de Basilosauridae en la Antártida, contribuyendo al conocimiento de la distribución paleobiogeográfica de este grupo durante el Eoceno medio—tardío. Finalmente, uno de estos registros se encuentra entre los basilosáuridos más antiguos conocidos, indicando un rápida radiación y dispersión de este grupo al menos desde el Eoceno medio temprano.
Improved water balance component estimates through joint assimilation of GRACE water storage and SMOS soil moisture retrievals

The accuracy of global water balance estimates is limited by the lack of observations at large scale and the uncertainties of model simulations. Global retrievals of terrestrial water storage (TWS) change and soil moisture (SM) from satellites provide an opportunity to improve model estimates through data assimilation. However, combining these two data sets is challenging due to the disparity in temporal and spatial resolution at both vertical and horizontal scale. For the first time, TWS observations from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and near‐surface SM observations from the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) were jointly assimilated into a water balance model using the Ensemble Kalman Smoother from January 2010 to December 2013 for the Australian continent. The performance of joint assimilation was assessed against open‐loop model simulations and the assimilation of either GRACE TWS anomalies or SMOS SM alone. The SMOS‐only assimilation improved SM estimates but reduced the accuracy of groundwater and TWS estimates. The GRACE‐only assimilation improved groundwater estimates but did not always produce accurate estimates of SM. The joint assimilation typically led to more accurate water storage profile estimates with improved surface SM, root‐zone SM, and groundwater estimates against in situ observations. The assimilation successfully downscaled GRACE‐derived integrated water storage horizontally and vertically into individual water stores at the same spatial scale as the model and SMOS, and partitioned monthly averaged TWS into daily estimates. These results demonstrate that satellite TWS and SM measurements can be jointly assimilated to produce improved water balance component estimates.
Explainability in Credit Scoring Neural Networks

Credit scoring is a crucial element in the economic sector, relying on an individual’s trustworthiness in honoring financial commitments. Institutions providing credit increasingly leverage Artificial Intelligence (AI) for widespread credit assessments. However, the integration of Machine Learning (ML) models raises ethical concerns, particularly regarding biases inherent in AI models. This document explainabity methods based on feature importance and emphasizes the need for transparency in data utilization. The research aims to enhance model explainability and proposes techniques for a clearer understanding of model operations. The study employs Feature Importance Techniques, like Permutation Importance, in order to study which features impact the model the most. To address data generation anomalies created by the previous method, Novelty Detection Algorithms, including Isolation Forest and Density Forest, are introduced. Additionally, we also explore Counter-factual Explanations as a method to explain ML model outcomes and how to change an specific data to retrieve a desired prediction.
IGS Technical Report 2011

Applications of the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) to Earth Sciences are numerous. The International GNSS Service (IGS), a federation of government agencies, universities and research institutions, plays an increasingly critical role in support of GNSS–related research and engineering activities. This Technical Report 2011 includes contributions from the IGS Governing Board, the Central Bureau, Analysis Centers, Data Centers, station and network operators, and others highlighting status and important activities, changes and results that took place and were achieved during 2011.
Effect of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) hard capsules on in vitro rumen fermentation kinetics of commonly used feeds in ruminant feeding

Abstract Background Accurate dosing of feed additives is often required to evaluate their effects on rumen fermentation. This can be done using soluble but nonfermentable hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) hard capsules. Objectives The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of HPMC hard capsules on the extent and rate of in vitro gas production in eleven feeds. Methods Six high‐fibre feeds and five concentrates, were weighed into syringes either directly or into HPMC capsules and incubated anaerobically in 30 mL buffered rumen fluid at 39°C. Data obtained from gas production measurements were fitted using the Gompertz model to obtain kinetic parameters for gas production. Results HPMC hard capsules had no effect on the gas production of the blank sample and concentrate feeds. In contrast, high‐fibre feeds weighed in HPMC showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in total gas production and gas produced within 24 h of incubation. Conclusions The use of HPMC hard capsules was found to be inappropriate for determining gas production kinetics because fermentation subsides at a certain point when peak fermentation is reached (at TMFR), resulting in a decrease in both total potential gas production and gas production within 24 h of incubation. This is particularly evident when high‐fibre feeds are incubated.
Why nature matters: A systematic review of intrinsic, instrumental, and relational values

Abstract In this article, we present results from a literature review of intrinsic, instrumental, and relational values of nature conducted for the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, as part of the Methodological Assessment of the Diverse Values and Valuations of Nature. We identify the most frequently recurring meanings in the heterogeneous use of different value types and their association with worldviews and other key concepts. From frequent uses, we determine a core meaning for each value type, which is sufficiently inclusive to serve as an umbrella over different understandings in the literature and specific enough to help highlight its difference from the other types of values. Finally, we discuss convergences, overlapping areas, and fuzzy boundaries between different value types to facilitate dialogue, reduce misunderstandings, and improve the methods for valuation of nature's contributions to people, including ecosystem services, to inform policy and direct future research.
Should I speak up? How trust in leaders and leader–leader exchanges influence nurses' voice behaviour

Abstract Aim Discussing the nurses' voice behaviour could support the managers in making the right decisions and solve problems. Design This was a discursive paper. Methods The discursive was based on reviewing the literature. Results Nurses play a critical role in offering useful constructive advice, which leads to management figuring out and solving problems immediately for the purpose of bettering the working environment. Therefore, we assert that trust in leadership and the leader–leader exchange system also plays a critical role in enforcing voice behaviour. Trust is a crucial aspect of voice behaviour, and integrated trust in leadership and leader–leader exchange as a possible practical suggestion for the fostering of voice behaviour are proposed. Nurse managers must maintain a sense of reciprocal moral obligation in order to nurture value‐driven voice behaviour. It is important that open dialogue, active listening and trust in leadership exist. Nurse managers must consider ways to foster mutual trust, and support and enable nurses to use voice behaviour in everyday practice.