Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Freshwater Reservoir Effect Variability in Northern Germany

The freshwater reservoir effect is a potential problem when radiocarbon dating fish bones, shells, human bones, or food crusts on pottery from sites near rivers or lakes. The reservoir age in hardwater rivers can be up to several thousand years and may be highly variable. Accurate 14C dating of freshwater-based samples requires knowing the order of magnitude of the reservoir effect and its degree of variability. Measurements on modern riverine materials may not give a single reservoir age correction that can be applied to archaeological samples, but they show the order of magnitude and variability that can also be expected for the past. This knowledge will be applied to the dating of food crusts on pottery from the Mesolithic sites Kayhude at the Alster River and Schlamersdorf at the Trave River, both in Schleswig-Holstein, northern Germany.
Propriedades biológicas e químicas de solos arenoso e argiloso tratados com isolados fúngicos sob soja e milho em casa-de-vegetação

13 1. INTRODUÇÃO . 14 2. REFERENCIAL TEÓRICO . 15 2.1. Fungos Promotores do Crescimento Vegetal . 15 2.1. 1. Beauveria bassiana . 16 2.1. 2. Metarhizium anisopliae . 17 2.1. 3. Trichoderma asperellum . 18 2.1. 4. Purpureocillium lilacinum . 18 2.1. 5. Pochonia chlamydosporia . 19 2.2. Colonização micorrízica arbuscular . 20 3. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS . 21 3.1. Preparo do experimento . 21 3.2. Preparo do inóculo dos fungos . 22 3.3. Preparo e inoculação de sementes . 23 3.4. Inoculação no solo . 23 3.5. Condução do ensaio . 24 3.6. Massa seca . 25 3.7. Fertilidade do solo . 25 3.8. Carbono da Biomassa Microbiana . 25 3.9. Respiração basal microbiana . 26 3.10. Colonização de raízes por fungos micorrízicos arbusculares . 26 3.11. Atividade enzimática . 29 3.12. Análise estatística . 30 4. RESULTADOS . 31 4.1. Massa seca . 31 4.2. Fertilidade do solo . 32 4.3. Carbono da biomassa microbiana . 37 4.4. Respiração basal microbiana . 37 4.5. Colonização de raízes por fungos micorrízicos arbusculares . 38 4.6. Atividade enzimática . 40 5. DISCUSSÃO . 45 5.1. Colonização Micorrízica Arbuscular . 45 5.2. Crescimento vegetal . 48 5.3. Fertilidade do solo . 48 5.4. Carbono da biomassa microbiana e Respiração basal do solo . 49 5.5. Atividade enzimática . 50 6. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS . 50 REFERÊNCIAS . 52
Extensions of Abelian Automata Groups

A theorem of Nekrashevych and Sidki shows the Mealy Automata structures one can place on Z^m are parametrized by a family of matrices (called "1/2-integral") and a choice of residuation vector e in Z^m. While the impact of the chosen matrix is well understood, the impact of the residuation vector on the resulting structure is seemingly sporadic. In this paper we characterize the impact of the residuation vector e by recognizing an initial structure when e is the first standard basis vector. All other choices of e extend this initial structure by adding "fractional elements" in a way we make precise.
Study of Air Shower Front Structure using the Telescope Array Surface Detec- tor Data

The Telescope Array is the largest cosmic ray detector in the northern hemisphere. It is a hybrid detector consisting of an array of scintillator detectors and three fluorescence telescope stations which observe the atmosphere above the ground based array. It is located in the western desert of central Utah. It observes the air showers induced by ultra high energy cosmic rays. The lateral distribution and time profiles of particles in the extensive air shower evolve along the cascade propagation in the atmosphere. We report on the data measured with the surface array of the Telescope Array experiment and compare these to the results of Monte Carlo simulations.
Managing Ambidexterity in Startups Pursuing Digital Innovation

: With the current pace of digital innovation, corporations and startups alike are experiencing the challenge of surviving in hypercompetitive environments. Accordingly, the management literature proposes “organizational ambidexterity”, the ability to balance exploitative and exploratory efforts, as a means of survival. Based on observations and interviews with startups and investors affiliated with the entrepreneurial educational program SCALEit, this study investigates how startups can manage ambidexterity in pursuing digital innovation. Our study concludes that startups conducting digital innovation manage to attain organizational ambidexterity through internal and external adaptation by combining and enacting competencies. The startups have access to a competency portfolio that comprises eight core competencies across organizational boundaries. The startup CEO, team members, and individuals in the ecosystem that surround the startup provide these competencies, which reveals a new perspective on how to achieve organizational ambidexterity through leveraging both internal and external competencies.
Experiences of Systems to Reduce SO 3 from Flue Gas of Combusting High Sulfur Content Residual Materials in Oil Refinery

Due to recent higher quality requirement for oil-re fined-products, sulfur content is increasing in the residual materials, which are used as boiler fuel, from economical reasons and viewpoint of effective resource utilization. In such case, reducing SO 3 such as high as 120ppm in flue gas is needed to av oid corrosion and bluish plume. Herein, experiences of improving energization difficulties and clogging in hopper in ordinary “Ammonia Injection + Dry-type ES P” system, according to the intermediate byproducts of NH4 – SO4, are introduced. Furthermore, “Salt Solution Spray + Wet-type ESP” system, which enables more stable and continuous operation, is also introduced.
Customer Preferences for Organic Agriculture Produce in the Czech Republic: 2016 and 2019

The article analyses the customer attitude towards the qualities and benefits of organic agriculture production for farmers and customers in the Czech Republic, comparing the situation in 2016 and 2019. More than 2500 respondents were subject to the marketing research in the years 2016 and 2019. The data were processed using correspondence analysis and logistic regression. The research study shows that the number of respondents who consider organic food is growing; at the same time, there is a rather large share of consumers who believe organic food to be of better quality. The results show a favourable change in the popularity of organic food. While, in 2016, the main decisive factor in shopping for organic food was its price, in 2019, the main criterion, for the respondents, was quality, with the criterion of price being complemented by the perception of organic food as healthier than conventional food. At the same time, it was established that, the amount spent on organic food in 2019 was higher than that in 2016. This finding was in positive correlation with the increase in respondents’ income. For farmers, organic farming is a promising alternative to conventional agriculture due to a rising demand for organic produce.
The need of improved methods to handle functional safety and cybersecurity in industrial control and safety systems

Many industrial sectors like railway, oil and gas, and process industry depend to an increasing extent on active digitalized safety-critical systems, involving sensors, controllers, and actuated devices. The primary focus of such systems is to manage the risks arising within a physical system and environment where hazards can arise, and the consequences of failure can be severe losses to humans, the environment or critical infrastructures. The commonly accepted design principles for digitalized safety-critical systems follow standards like IEC 61508 and its sector specific implementations. The standards take a lifecycle perspective on the definition, implementation, and follow-up for safety requirements formulated on the basis of traditional hazards and risk analyses. Today, the systems have become a part of a cyber-physical environment, which means that hazards and threats relating to information and communication (ICT) security need considerations in the formulation of requirements, design, and operation strategies. Unfortunately, there are no aligned approaches for methods and approaches in IEC 61508 and referenced standards in ICT security, making the analyses separate rather than integrated. This paper presents a literature survey of standards, recommended practises, and publications relating to this topic. The focus is on the process industry sector, including the oil and gas sector. Thereafter the research planned to improve methods and tools for demonstrating functional safety by incorporating strategies to manage ICT security threats is presented. This includes (1) the definition of how safety and security requirements can be formulated, when considering their combined effects on functional safety, and (2) how the follow-up of requirements formulated under (1) are maintained in the operational/use phase.
A pilot randomized study evaluating nivolumab (nivo) or nivo + bevacizumab (bev) or nivo + ipilimumab (ipi) in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (MRCC) eligible for cytoreductive nephrectomy, metastasectomy or post-treatment biopsy (Bx).

4501 Background: Cytoreductive surgery (CS) including cytoreductive nephrectomy and metastasectomy provides clinical benefits to patients with MRCC. However, CS has not been evaluated in the setting of immune checkpoint (IC) therapy. We performed a pre-surgical/biopsy trial to evaluate biological and clinical activity of nivo +/- (bev or ipi) in patients with MRCC. Methods: In this open-label, randomized trial (NCT02210117), patients with MRCC w/o prior IC therapy and anti-VEGF therapy were randomized 2:3:2 to receive nivo (3mg/kg q2wks x3), nivo + bev (10mg/kg q2wks x3) or nivo + ipi (1mg/kg q3wks x2), followed by CS or Bx, and then nivo maintenance therapy up to 2 yrs. Clinical response per RECIST criteria was assessed at ≥12 wks. Pre- and post-treatment blood and tumors were obtained for correlative studies. Results: All of 105 patients have been accrued and 104 are evaluable for response. For all patients, best overall response (BOR = complete response [CR] + partial response [PR]) including surgery effect was 55% nivo, 44% nivo + bev, 43% nivo + ipi. Median PFS (95% confidence interval) was 14.5 months (5.5, not reached [NR]) nivo, 7.6 (4.8, 8.9) months nivo + bev, 7.5 (2.0, 12.4) months nivo + ipi. Overall survival (OS) at one year was 86% nivo, 73% nivo + bev, 83% nivo + ipi. Grade 3 or higher toxicities related to therapy were 38% for nivo, 42% for nivo + bev (including 18% hypertension), and 47% for nivo + ipi. For patients with CS, BOR including surgery effect was: 86% nivo, 88% nivo + bev, and 69% nivo + ipi. Median PFS was 17.3 months (6.1, NR) nivo, 7.6 (5.7, 10.3) months nivo + bev, 8.9 (2.9, 23.0) months nivo + ipi. OS at one year was 100% nivo, 94% nivo + bev, 92% nivo + ipi. Median OS has not yet reached with a median follow-up of 24.6 months. Immune and gene profiling analyses demonstrate: 1) tumor infiltrating CD8 T cells correlate with clinical responses to nivo or nivo + bev, but not to nivo + ipi; 2) tumor IFN pathway gene expression correlates with responses; and 3) PD-L1 status, tumor mutation or mutation burden, neoantigens did not correlate with response. Conclusions: IC therapy plus CS is safe and beneficial to patients with MRCC and therefore, warrants testing, along with a few correlative biomarkers, in a larger phase 3 trial. Clinical trial information: NCT 02210117.
Effect of paleosalinity and maturity on the distribution of dimethyl-MTTCs

Abstract The effect of paleosalinity and thermal maturity on the distribution of dimethyl-MTTCs in sediments is still uncertain. Here, we have studied the relative abundance of dimethyl-MTTCs (β- and γ-MTTC) and β/γ-MTTC ratio in the 154 lacustrine source rocks. Our results show that thermal maturity has no significant effect on (β + γ)-MTTC% and β/γ-MTTC ratio in immature and low mature source rocks. The β/γ-MTTC ratio may not be used as a maturity parameter. The variation in (β + γ)-MTTC% seems to be linked to the depositional environment, especially the paleosalinity. However the depositional conditions do not appear to affect the variation in β/γ-MTTC ratio.
CNTs-COOH Paste Electrode for Detection of Temozolomide

The MWCNTs-COOH Paste Electrode (MCPE) was successfully used to study the electrochemical behavior of temozolomide in 0.2 M H2SO4 solution, phosphate buffer solution (0.1M PBS, pH 7.4) and 0.1M NaOH solution by Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) technique. The results exhibit that MCPE can remarkably enhance sensing and electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation and reduction of temozolomide in acidic, neutral, and basic solutions. The effect of the scan rate exhibits the adsorption controlling process. The effect of pH range from 2 to 6 was investigated by cyclic voltammetry technique, from cyclic voltammetry study exhibits the peak current was pH-dependent with a slope of 68 mV/pH. The detection limit (LOD)) at MCPE were found to be 0.056 mM,0.069 mM and 0.065 mM in 0.1M H2SO4, 0.1M PBS (pH 7.4) and 0.1M NaOH solutions respectively by Cyclic Voltammetric (CV) technique. Similarly, from Linear Scan Voltammetric (LSV) technique, the detection limits (LOD) were found to be 0.050 mM, 0.021mM and 0.036 mM in acidic, neutral, and basic solution respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of temozolomide in the clinical sample.
Integrated Aerodynamic/Structural/Dynamic Analyses of Aircraft with Large Shape Changes

The conceptual and preliminary design processes for aircraft with large shape changes are generally difficult and time-consuming, and the processes are often customized for a specific shape change concept to streamline the vehicle design effort. Accordingly, several existing reports show excellent results of assessing a particular shape change concept or perturbations of a concept. The goal of the current effort was to develop a multidisciplinary analysis tool and process that would enable an aircraft designer to assess several very different morphing concepts early in the design phase and yet obtain second-order performance results so that design decisions can be made with better confidence. The approach uses an efficient parametric model formulation that allows automatic model generation for systems undergoing radical shape changes as a function of aerodynamic parameters, geometry parameters, and shape change parameters. In contrast to other more self-contained approaches, the approach utilizes off-the-shelf analysis modules to reduce development time and to make it accessible to many users. Because the analysis is loosely coupled, discipline modules like a multibody code can be easily swapped for other modules with similar capabilities. One of the advantages of this loosely coupled system is the ability to use the medium-to high-fidelity tools early in the design stages when the information can significantly influence and improve overall vehicle design. Data transfer among the analysis modules are based on an accurate and automated general purpose data transfer tool. In general, setup time for the integrated system presented in this paper is 2-4 days for simple shape change concepts and 1-2 weeks for more mechanically complicated concepts. Some of the key elements briefly described in the paper include parametric model development, aerodynamic database generation, multibody analysis, and the required software modules as well as examples for a telescoping wing, a folding wing, and a bat-like wing.
eview nderstanding history , and not repeating it . Neuroprotection for cute ischemic stroke : From review to preview

Background: Neuroprotection for ischemic stroke is a growing field, built upon the elucidation of the biochemical pathways of ischemia first studied in the 1970s. Beginning in the early 1990s, means by which to pharmacologically intervene and counteract these pathways have been sought, though with little clinical success. Through a comprehensive review of translations from laboratory to clinic, we aim to evaluate individual mechanisms of action, while highlighting potential barriers to success that will guide future research. Methods: The MEDLINE database and The Internet Stroke Center clinical trials registry were queried for trials involving the use of neuroprotective agents in acute ischemic stroke in human subjects. For the purpose of the review, neuroprotective agents refer to medications used to preserve or protect the potentially ischemic tissue after an acute stroke, excluding treatments designed to re-establish perfusion. This excludes mechanical or pharmacological thrombolytics, anti-thrombic medications, or anti-platelet
THE THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF RITUXIMAB THE MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY AGAINST CD 20 ANTIGEN

Streszczenie: Rytuksymab to chimeryczne przeciwcia3o monoklonalne skierowane przeciwko antygenowi CD20. Cz1steczka ta wystêpuje tylko na limfocytach B, brak jej na komórkach prekursorowych, a tak¿e na komórkach plazmatycznych. Antygen CD20 nie podlega endocytozie, ani nie jest uwalniany z powierzchni komórki. Podanie rytuksymabu wywo3uje szybk1 eliminacjê limfocytów B z kr1¿enia. Dzieje siê to wskutek aktywacji dope3niacza i cytotoksycznoci komórkowej zale¿nej od przeciwcia3. Ponadto rytuksymab dzia3a synergistycznie z konwencjonaln1 chemioterapi1, uwra¿liwiaj1c komórki na apoptozê, poprzez hamowanie ekspresji bia3ka Bcl-2. Rytuksymab zosta3 zarejestrowany przede wszystkim w leczeniu ch3oniaków nieziarniczych, lecz spektrum jego zastosowañ ci1gle siê powiêksza. Obecnie jest tak¿e zarejestrowany do leczenia reumatoidalnego zapalenia stawów, ale wykorzystywany jest równie¿ w leczeniu innych chorób o pod3o¿u autoimmunizacyjnym oraz w transplantologii. Dziêki sukcesowi rytuksymabu powstaj1 nowe leki wykorzystuj1ce antygen CD20. S1 to m.in. przeciwcia3a monoklonalne po31czone z radioizotopami, ca3kowicie ludzkie przeciwcia3a b1d ma3e peptydy (mimotopy), których celem jest pobudzenie uk3adu immunologicznego do wytworzenia przeciwcia3 antyCD20.
Effect of computed horizontal diffusion coefficients on two-dimensional N2O model distributions

The sensitivity of the N2O distribution in our two-dimensional photochemical model to horizontal diffusion coefficients (both Kyy and Kyz values) has been explored. The residual circulation was computed using temperature data from the National Meteorological Center (NMC) and heating rates from Rosenfield et al. (1987). The Kyy and Kyz values were computed from these same data using quasigeostrophic potential vorticity. For comparison we also computed self-consistent Kyy values from our residual circulation. The use of either set of these diffusion coefficients produced substantial changes in the N2O distribution, especially in the middle to upper stratosphere and at high latitudes in the winter. In general, the changes lead to an enhanced transport of N2O to higher latitudes with the set of self-consistent Kyy values transporting the greatest amount of N2O. The enhanced transport increases the lifetime of N2O because the photochemical lifetime is larger at high latitudes.
NUCLEATION AND GROWTH : MODELING THE NH 3-HCL REACTION Submitted

NUCLEATION AND GROWTH: MODELING THE NH3 HCL REACTION One of the trademarks of a Liesegang ring system is the exhibition of a moving reaction front to form a periodic precipitation pattern. This phenomenon has been studied by both chemists and mathematicians. The periodic patterns produced have developed an interest from a mathematical perspective, while the theory and mechanism behind these patterns has created interest from a chemist’s point of view. Many mathematical models have been proposed, and much interest has been invested in studying the mechanism behind these Liesegang ring systems. In particular, we will consider the NH3-HCl system, a gas-phase system in which the two gases (NH3 and HCl) diffuse into a tube and meet to form a solid precipitate. The reaction front then moves down the tube, forming a Liesegang banding pattern along the way. In this thesis, we derive a model for this system and examine some results of the model, which contribute to the theory and mechanism behind the NH3-HCl system. We predict the position of the first and last Liesegang band formed, and we examine the effect of the tube length of our system. Front velocity data from the model has also been obtained and is shown to correlate well with experimental data. We also note that the width of the heterogeneous nucleation zone increases as the concentration ratio of NH3 to HCl decreases, and we discuss the effect that water vapor has on the system.
DMD Analysis of Experimental PIV Data of a Swirled Jet

This paper concerns the study of high Reynolds and high swirl number flow through the use of PIV measurements and Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) analysis. Principles governing DMD are briefly recalled, then the use of DMD is demonstrated by analysing the acquired PIV data in order to study the dominant dynamics of the system and extracting relevant morphology via DMD modes, focusing the attention on phenomenon known as Precessing Vortex Core (PVC).
Neural Ganglia Transcriptome and Peptidome Associated with Sexual Maturation in Female Pacific Abalone (Haliotis discus hannai)

Genetic information of reproduction and growth is essential for sustainable molluscan fisheries and aquaculture management. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the reproductive activity of the commercially important Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai. We performed de novo transcriptome sequencing of the ganglia in sexually immature and mature female Pacific abalone to better understand the sexual maturation process and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Of the ~305 million high-quality clean reads, 76,684 transcripts were de novo-assembled with an average length of 741 bp, 28.54% of which were annotated and classified according to Gene Ontology terms. There were 256 differentially expressed genes between the immature and mature abalone. Tandem mass spectrometry analysis, as compared to the predicted-peptide database of abalone ganglia transcriptome unigenes, identified 42 neuropeptide precursors, including 29 validated by peptidomic analyses. Label-free quantification revealed differential occurrences of 18 neuropeptide families between immature and mature abalone, including achatin, FMRFamide, crustacean cardioactive peptide, and pedal peptide A and B that were significantly more frequent at the mature stage. These results represent the first significant contribution to both maturation-related transcriptomic and peptidomic resources of the Pacific abalone ganglia and provide insight into the roles of various neuropeptides in reproductive regulation in marine gastropods.
A Piecewise Control Strategy for a Bidirectional Series Resonant Converter

An energy storage system (ESS) plays an important part in a renewable energy generation system for stable and efficient power harvesting. To realize the function of an ESS, a bidirectional DC/DC converter with high power density and high efficiency is highly desired. In this paper, a high-frequency (HF) isolated dual-bridge series resonant converter (DBSRC) with a piecewise control strategy is proposed for an application with a wide variation of voltage gain. The proposed control strategy is based on dual-phase-shift modulation for a balance between complexity and flexibility. With this proposed control strategy, zero-voltage switching is kept for all switches on the low-voltage side and half of switches on the high-voltage side. Besides, there is no circulation energy on the low-voltage high-current side for full load operation. A step-by-step design procedure is also included to calculate the converter components and control parameters. Verification of the analysis and design are performed successfully through simulation and n experimental test. Comparisons with some existing control methods are also made experimentally, which highlights that the proposed control strategy is able to achieve comparable performance as the reported optimal current control with simpler calculation and implementation.