Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Quantized Signal Detection With a Bandwidth-Constrained Distributed Radar System

This article addresses the hybrid quantized signal detection problem in a distributed radar system, where widely separated antennas transmit low-bit quantized data with varying quantization levels depending on the different bandwidth constraint for each channel to a fusion center. To enable a high detection performance with such hybrid quantized data, we formulate the generalized likelihood ratio, Rao, Wald, Gradient, and Durbin tests based on the derived likelihood functions, with the batch gradient descent algorithm (BGDA) being introduced to efficiently form an estimate of the unknown parameters. Furthermore, the theoretical distributions of all designed detectors are also presented, ensuring the constant false alarm rate property. Finally, the unimodality of the derived detection probability with respect to the quantization thresholds is proved, yielding the optimal quantizer to improve the detection performance, which may be efficiently solved using the BGDA. Numerical and experimental results demonstrate the performance of the detectors using the optimal quantizers, illustrating that 2-bit quantization can achieve excellent detection performance while significantly reducing the resulting data size.
In silico exploration of the potential barcode DNA in Anopheles sp., a malarian vector from Indonesia

Malaria is an infectious disease caused by Plasmodium and transmitted to humans through the Anopheles mosquito vector. The large diversity of Anopheles in Indonesia, which consists of similar complex species, makes it difficult to identify species based on morphological characteristics. Therefore, it is necessary to have another approach to identifying species based on molecular characteristics using DNA molecular markers. This approach becomes important as a basis for vector-based malaria control efforts. This research aims to explore potential DNA barcodes based on in silico studies as a reference for DNA barcoding analysis of Anopheles species in Indonesia. The data sequences of CO1 and ITS2 from Anopheles sp. were collected on the NCBI database. The sequence alignment was performed using CLUSTALX2. The construction of a phylogenetic tree was carried out using MEGA XI. Data analysis was performed by observing the construction of phylogenetic trees, bootstrap scores, and genetic distance. The data sequence in NCBI shows that 10 species of the genus Anopheles as malaria vectors have been studied in Indonesia. Sequence alignment of the 10 species based on CO1 and ITS2 markers showed that ITS2 markers had higher genetic variation than CO1. Therefore, the ITS2 sequence has the potential to be a DNA barcode for the molecular identification of Anopheles.
On decay centrality in graphs

The decay centrality of a vertex $v$ in a graph $G$ with respect to a parameter $\delta \in (0,1)$ is a polynomial in δ such that for fixed $k$ the coefficient of $\delta ^k$ is equal to the number of vertices of $G$ at distance $k$ from $v$. This invariant (introduced independently by Jackson and Wolinsky in 1996 and Dangalchev in 2011) is considered as a replacement for the closeness centrality for graphs, however its unstability was pointed out by Yang and Zhuhadar in 2011. We explore mathematical properties of decay centrality depending on the choice of parameter δ and the stability of vertex ranking based on this centrality index.
Sentiment Analysis Meets Explainable Artificial Intelligence: A Survey on Explainable Sentiment Analysis

—Sentiment analysis can be used to derive knowledge that is connected to emotions and opinions from textual data generated by people. As computer power has grown, and the availability of benchmark datasets has increased, deep learning models based on deep neural networks have emerged as the dominant approach for sentiment analysis. While these models offer significant advantages, their lack of interpretability poses a major challenge in comprehending the rationale behind their reasoning and prediction processes, leading to complications in the models' explainability. Further, only limited research has been carried out into developing deep learning models that describe their internal functionality and behaviours. In this timely study we carry out a first of its kind overview of key sentiment analysis techniques and explainable artificial intelligence (AI) methodologies that are currently in use. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive review of sentiment analysis explainability.
The Arctic Cloud Puzzle: Using ACLOUD/PASCAL Multiplatform Observations to Unravel the Role of Clouds and Aerosol Particles in Arctic Amplification

Clouds play an important role in Arctic amplification. This term represents the recently observed enhanced warming of the Arctic relative to the global increase of near-surface air temperature. However, there are still important knowledge gaps regarding the interplay between Arctic clouds and aerosol particles, and surface properties, as well as turbulent and radiative fluxes that inhibit accurate model simulations of clouds in the Arctic climate system. In an attempt to resolve this so-called Arctic cloud puzzle, two comprehensive and closely coordinated field studies were conducted: the Arctic Cloud Observations Using Airborne Measurements during Polar Day (ACLOUD) aircraft campaign and the Physical Feedbacks of Arctic Boundary Layer, Sea Ice, Cloud and Aerosol (PASCAL) ice breaker expedition. Both observational studies were performed in the framework of the German Arctic Amplification: Climate Relevant Atmospheric and Surface Processes, and Feedback Mechanisms (AC)3 project. They took place in the vicinity of Svalbard, Norway, in May and June 2017. ACLOUD and PASCAL explored four pieces of the Arctic cloud puzzle: cloud properties, aerosol impact on clouds, atmospheric radiation, and turbulent dynamical processes. The two instrumented Polar 5 and Polar 6 aircraft; the icebreaker Research Vessel (R/V) Polarstern; an ice floe camp including an instrumented tethered balloon; and the permanent ground-based measurement station at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, were employed to observe Arctic low- and mid-level mixed-phase clouds and to investigate related atmospheric and surface processes. The Polar 5 aircraft served as a remote sensing observatory examining the clouds from above by downward-looking sensors; the Polar 6 aircraft operated as a flying in situ measurement laboratory sampling inside and below the clouds. Most of the collocated Polar 5/6 flights were conducted either above the R/V Polarstern or over the Ny-Ålesund station, both of which monitored the clouds from below using similar but upward-looking remote sensing techniques as the Polar 5 aircraft. Several of the flights were carried out underneath collocated satellite tracks. The paper motivates the scientific objectives of the ACLOUD/PASCAL observations and describes the measured quantities, retrieved parameters, and the applied complementary instrumentation. Furthermore, it discusses selected measurement results and poses critical research questions to be answered in future papers analyzing the data from the two field campaigns.
Defect states in perovskite solar cells associated with hysteresis and performance

External quantum efficiency and transient photocapacitance (TPC) spectra were obtained for perovskite solar cells with methylammonium lead triiodide perovskite absorbers formed by either dip or vapor conversion. These measurements reveal an extended band of sub-gap states in all of the devices studied. The defect band is best fit by a pair of defects, and the appearance of the defect signal in the transient photocapacitance spectra indicates that at least one of the observed defects is in the perovskite absorber. The cells with the largest density of defect states show the lowest short-circuit current density and open-circuit voltage for slow, quasi-steady-state, current density-voltage sweeps and the largest hysteresis in short-circuit current density for fast sweeps. This suggests that defect states in the perovskite absorber limit steady-state device performance, and that these defects or associated mobile charges play a role in the hysteresis observed in current density-voltage measurements.
Adding Decoherence to the Wigner Equation

Abstract Starting from the detailed description of the single-collision decoherence mechanism proposed by Adami, Hauray and Negulescu (2016), we derive a Wigner equation endowed with a decoherence term of a fairly general form. This equation is shown to contain well known decoherence models, such as the Wigner–Fokker–Planck equation, as particular cases. The effect of the decoherence mechanism on the dynamics of the macroscopic moments (density, current, energy) is illustrated by deriving the corresponding set of balance laws. The issue of large-time asymptotics of our model is addressed in the particular, although physically relevant, case of Gaussian solutions. It is shown that the addition of a Caldeira–Legget friction term provides the asymptotic behavior that one expects on the basis of physical considerations.
Mychonastes sp. 247 Induces Apoptosis of A549 Human Lung Cancer Cells by Promoting STRA6-Mediated Reactive Oxygen Species Production

Mychonastes sp. 247 is a newly isolated freshwater microalga. Mychonastes sp. 247 methanolic extract (ME) suppresses the growth of A549 human non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. However, the underlying mechanism of this anticancer effect remains unclear. The present study aimed to reveal the underlying mechanism of the anticancer effect of ME in A549 cells. The components of ME, their cytotoxicity in normal cells, and their inhibitory effect on the growth and migration of two-dimensional and three-dimensional cultured cancer cells were investigated. We also showed that ME upregulated the mRNA levels of signaling receptors and transporters of retinol (STRA6) and cytochrome P450 family 26 subfamily B member 1, and increased the protein expression of phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase, B-cell lymphoma protein 2/(Bcl-2)-associated X (Bcl-2/Bax), and cleaved caspase-3. Moreover, co-treatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine reversed the ME-induced changes in the levels of STRA6 and reactive oxygen species (ROS), confirming their role in the ME-mediated anticancer effect. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study elucidating the pathway by which ME induces anticancer effects in lung cancer cells. Our results reveal that ME induces NSCLC apoptosis by regulating ROS levels via the STRA6 pathway, suggesting ME as a prospective anticancer agent for lung cancer treatment.
Lane Keeping through RFID

In this paper we present a prototype method for guiding a user to a target by introducing RFID-lanes. The user is equipped with a portable RFID reader, which measures the phase of RFID tags arranged at known positions on the floor, forming lanes. By calculating the Rate Of Change (ROC) of the phase measurements of each tag along discrete time-steps, motion of the user can be accurately tracked, while proper direction-guidance is updated. The proposed method, calculates the user's direction of motion, by sorting the measured phase-ROCs from the nearby tags while keeping track of the user's position by feeding the phase- ROCs in a particle filter. Simulations and experimental results show precise localization and guidance while maintaining real-time computations.
Numerical estimation of air core length in two-phase free surface vortex

ABSTRACT The free-surface vortex is simulated with the homogeneous mixture approach. In order to define suitable boundary conditions in the two-phase flow field, a numerical strategy is proposed on the air mass conservation in a recirculating flow system. The numerical approach is verified from an experiment. Numerical results agreed well with the experiment not only in the vortex circulation but also in the axial velocity gradient. On the homogeneous mixture assumption, the compressibility corrections for the turbulence modelling had almost no effect on the result in this case study. In order to estimate the continuous air–core length, the visible air–core interface was assumed to be characterized by the constant void fraction. With validated numerical results, vortex air core was visualized by the air volume fraction, based on the air–core length in not only the experiment but also the analytical model in the applicable range.
Spectral Signatures Identifying Instrument on Spectroscopic Measurement Technique for Water Quality Monitoring

Spectral measurement is an important technology for measuring algal-chlorophyll in surface water. This paper provides a possibility of spectral signatures in the visible and near infrared, associated with experiments could be conduct to use proposed devise for outdoors in water environments. The overall objective of this study was to use development of micro controller based Spectrometer for finding possible spectral regions in which chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) could be identified so as to assist the assessment and monitoring of water quality spectrometric method. The main target is to develop very low cost effective with mobility and to get current data by accessing remotely. This study based on the application of linear regression analysis between the mean reflectance values (proposed Micro controlled visible Spectrometer-MVSM-C10988MA-01) across the spectrum and the concentrations of chlorophyll-a (μg/L) acquired simultaneously in situ measurement on the same day and time in the Ibaraki University Test Pond in Japan.
Delayless Controllers for Exact Model Matching and Disturbance Rejection of Time Delay Systems with Measurable and Non-measurable Disturbances

Delayless control design for time delay systems is an attractive direction for networked control systems as well as other cyber physical applications. In the present paper, the problem of Exact Model Matching with simultaneous Disturbance Rejection (EMMDR) is studied for the case of left-invertible general neutral multi delay systems with measurable and non-measurable disturbances, via two types of delayless controllers. The first type of controllers is a dynamic delayless controller feeding back the measurement outputs, the measurable disturbances and the external commands. The number of the external commands is equal to the number of the control inputs. The second type of controllers is the static delayless version of the first type. For both types of controllers, the necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability of the problem are established, and the general solutions of the controller matrices are derived. The results are illustrated through a numerical example.
MIMO Borehole Radar Imaging Based on High Degree of Freedom for Efficient Subsurface Sensing

This paper presents an efficient multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) borehole radar imaging method based on a high degree of freedom for subsurface sensing. The variable separations between the different transmitter and receiver pairs in MIMO borehole radar are considered and introduced as imaging coefficients into the expanded unified MIMO sample set, which gives the MIMO sample set desired characteristics of a high degree of freedom. By exploiting the high degree of freedom in the unified MIMO expanded sample set, the sample interpolation and energy migration of target reflections can be done in once efficient imaging processing for all transmitters of the MIMO radar system, and finally, accurate target image with low sidelobe level (SL) can be delivered. The computational cost of the proposed method will barely increase with the number of transmitters in the MIMO radar survey, which enables the proposed method to handle MIMO borehole radar imaging in an accurate and efficient manner. The imaging properties of the proposed method are proven to be superior to the conventional imaging methods in SL and computational cost, which is suitable for large MIMO borehole imaging surveys in subsurface sensing applications.
Experimental studies of the dynamics and of the seismic emission of gravitational instabilities ; Études expérimentales de la dynamique et de l’émission sismique des instabilités gravitaires

Les eboulements sont un alea naturel majeur dans les regions a fort relief. Cependant, la dynamique des instabilites gravitaires est encore mal comprise et les observations de ces evenements sont rares. Les experiences de laboratoire d'ecoulements granulaires sont alors un moyen unique pour contraindre les parametres cles qui controlent leur dynamique. J'ai donc choisi d'adopter une approche experimentale au cours de ma these, en me focalisant dans un premier temps sur la dynamique et les processus d'erosion des ecoulements granulaires. J'ai identifie les conditions initiales et aux limites pour lesquelles une phase de propagation lente apparait a la fin de la deceleration des ecoulements granulaires. Lorsque cette phase se developpe, la dynamique et le depot des ecoulements changent fondamentalement. Dans un second temps, je me suis interesse au signal sismique genere par les eboulements. J'ai etabli des lois d'echelle analytiques pour retrouver la masse et la vitesse d'un objet entrant en collision avec une surface a partir du contenu spectral du signal sismique emis. J'ai applique cette approche pour des impacts de blocs rocheux en site naturel mais le signal sismique associe avait ete enregistre avec une frequence d'echantillonnage trop faible. J'ai malgre cela pu observer une loi d’echelle empirique pour l'energie elastique rayonnee lors de ces impacts. Enfin, j’ai montre experimentalement que le signal sismique est un outil pertinent pour nous renseigner sur la dynamique des ecoulements granulaires. J'ai propose des lois d'echelle empiriques pour decrire la variation de l'energie elastique rayonnee en fonction des caracteristiques physiques de l’ecoulement.
T-type calcium channel modulation by hydrogen sulfide in neuropathic pain conditions

Neuropathic pain can appear as a direct or indirect nerve damage lesion or disease that affects the somatosensory nervous system. If the neurons are damaged or indirectly stimulated, immune cells contribute significantly to inflammatory and neuropathic pain. After nerve injury, peripheral macrophages/spinal microglia accumulate around damaged neurons, producing endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) through the cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) enzyme. H2S has a pronociceptive modulation on the Cav3.2 subtype, the predominant Cav3 isoform involved in pain processes. The present review provides relevant information about H2S modulation on the Cav3.2 T-type channels in neuropathic pain conditions. We have discussed that the dual effect of H2S on T-type channels is concentration-dependent, that is, an inhibitory effect is seen at low concentrations of 10 µM and an augmentation effect on T-current at 100 µM. The modulation mechanism of the Cav3.2 channel by H2S involves the direct participation of the redox/Zn2+ affinity site located in the His191 in the extracellular loop of domain I of the channel, involving a group of extracellular cysteines, comprising C114, C123, C128, and C1333, that can modify the local redox environment. The indirect interaction pathways involve the regulation of the Cav3.2 channel through cytokines, kinases, and post-translational regulators of channel expression. The findings conclude that the CSE/H2S/Cav3.2 pathway could be a promising therapeutic target for neuropathic pain disorders.
Force feedback and textures simulating interface device

Human strength and texture that provides a sense mombu-machine interface will be described. The interface consists of a power operated device (900) for generating a force transmitted to the force application device (902). The force applying device applies the generated force of the pressure sensing mombu. A force sensor (909) on the force application device specifies the actual force applied to the pressure sensing mumbu, while the angle sensor 917 measures the respective body parts of the relevant joint. The computer device 911 is used to determine the hayeoseo himgap desired that bonding mobu position information so as to apply the pressure sensitive mombu. The computer device 911 is coupled by a joint mombu position information and the force sensor information, sent to the power operation unit estimates the power command. In this way, the computer apparatus is to control the physical force applied to the pressure sensing mombu, the desired force that depends on the bonding parts of the body related to the location. Further interface is composed of a displacement operation unit 901 to produce displacement that is transmitted to the displacement application device 902 (simulator texture, etc.). The displacement application device is applied to the resulting displacement of the pressure sensing mombu. Said force application device and the displacement device is also coupled to provide power and information to the pressure detected at the same time mombu.
Application of Information Theory Entropy as a Cost Measure in the Automatic Problem Solving

We study the relation between Information Theory and Automatic Problem Solving to demonstrate that the Entropy measure can be used as a special case of $-Calculus Cost Functions measure. We hypothesize that Kolmogorov Complexity (Algorithmic Entropy) can be useful to standardize $-Calculus Search (Algorithm) Cost Function.
Z2-graded classical r-matrices and algebraic Bethe ansatz: applications to integrable models of quantum optics and nuclear physics

We consider quantum integrable models based on the Lie algebra gl(n) and non-skew-symmetric classical r-matrices associated with Z2-gradings of gl(n) of the following type: gl ( n ) = gl ( n ) 0 ¯ + gl ( n ) 1 ¯ , where gl ( n ) 0 ¯ = gl ( n 1 ) ⊕ gl ( n − n 1 ) . Among the considered models are Gaudin-type models with an external magnetic field, used in nuclear physics to produce proton–neutron Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieer-type models, n-level many-mode Jaynes–Cummings–Dicke-type models of quantum optics, matrix generalization of Bose–Hubbard dimers, etc. We diagonalize the constructed models by means of the ‘generalized’ nested Bethe ansatz.
How does Manufacturing Strategy Impact the Goals of a Firm? A Relational Framework Characterizing the Related Business Models’ Components

The fourth industrial revolution has resulted in technology advancements in the manufacturing industry. However, the innovation potential embedded in these technologies should be unlocked by a viable application, i.e., the business model (BM). The BM as a holistic concept featuring diﬀerent interacting elements is thus emerging as a promising vehicle for innovation. Current BM research describes the entire domain but lacks depth in the characterization of its individual components. This paper investigates the available manufacturing literature through the lens of the BM concept performing a scientometric analysis. The re-sults are presented in a relational framework that provides an in-depth characterization of the manufacturing element of the BM and highlights identiﬁed connections that link the BM components. This is the basis for tools that will support ﬁrms in developing manufacturing portfolios aligned with their strategic goals.
Conical diffraction thin crystal device on full-scene images

Conical diffraction is an interesting phenomenon that occurs in biaxial crystals. Although the existence of this conical diffraction has been understood for a very long time, it was not until recently that the first applications started to appear, and most of them focus on the manipulation of laser beams. However, the potential use of conical diffraction for all-optical processing in full-scene imaging devices was never addressed. In this article we present a prototype of a general-purpose optical device in order to investigate the applicability of conical diffraction to full-scene imaging. We also show that conical diffraction can obtain the derivative of an image with high resolution. This is the first proof of the theoretical capabilities of conical diffraction in full scenes, and it is just one of its many applications in the field of machine vision.