Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ARE X-RAY EMITTING CORONAE AROUND SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES OUTFLOWING?

Hard X-ray emission in radio-quiet active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is believed to be produced via inverse Compton scattering by hot and compact coronae near the supermassive black hole. However, the origin and physical properties of the coronae, including geometry, kinematics, and dynamics, remain poorly known. In this work, taking [O iv] 25.89 μm emission line as an isotropic indicator of AGNs' intrinsic luminosity, we compare the intrinsic corona X-ray emission between Seyfert 1 and Compton-thin Seyfert 2 galaxies, which are viewed at different inclinations according to the unification scheme. We compile a sample of 130 Compton-thin Seyfert galaxies with both [O iv] 25.89 μm line luminosities measured with the Spitzer Infrared Spectrometer and X-ray spectra observed by XMM-Newton, Chandra, Suzaku, or Swift. Known radio-loud sources are excluded. We fit the X-ray spectra to obtain the absorption-corrected 2–10 keV continuum luminosities. We find that Seyfert 1 galaxies are intrinsically brighter in intrinsic 2–10 keV emission by a factor of ( in Swift Burst Alert Telescope 14–195 keV emission), compared with Compton-thin Seyfert 2 galaxies. The Seyfert 1 and Compton-thin Seyfert 2 galaxies follow a statistically identical correlation between the absorption-corrected 2–10 keV luminosity and the 14–195 keV luminosity, indicating that our absorption correction to the 2–10 keV flux is sufficient. The difference in X-ray emission between the two populations is thus unlikely to be due to X-ray absorption, and instead implies an intrinsic anisotropy in the corona X-ray emission. This striking anisotropy of X-ray emission can be explained by a bipolar outflowing corona with a bulk velocity of ∼0.3–0.5c. This would provide a natural link between the so-called coronae and weak jets in these systems. Other consequences of outflowing coronae are also discussed.
Errors-and-Omissions Tests: A Methodology for Achieving Cost-Effective and Reliable Performance Assessments.

In the domain of performance assessment, the errors-and-omissions (EOT) test falls between a work-sample test and a simulation test. The examinee works with a sample of material from the work environment. The correct answers and the exact criteria for acceptable performance are known in advance. For this study, EOTs were used for assessing entry level teachers in the areas of commercial art and furniture repair and upholstery. Thirty examinees were drawn from the pool of existing experienced teachers in Florida. A committee of six to eight experts in each field identified the competencies and skills needed to be an effective teacher. The committee members modified hypothetical examples of EOT tests, which were reviewed by additional experts in the fields, and used the examples in pilot testing with one teacher from the pool for the furniture repair test and three for the commercial art test. There were three raters for each test. The level of rater agreement was good. Future research will require larger samples to test the methodology proposed. Four appendices provide fictitious examples of commercial artist examinations. (SLD) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ERRORS-AND-OMISSIONS TESTS: A METHODOLOGY FOR ACHIEVING COST-EFFECTIVE AND RELIABLE PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENTS 11.11. OndAIMIGNT OR BOUCA71011 Office 04 Eduartiorwl Numerch and heprovernear EDUCATONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (U110 liKre document Ms been reproduced MI received hom Me person or agemzenon ongmetinp rt 0 WOW Chengei neve been made to improve reproduction queely Ponds ot view or opinions staled m the doew ment do not miceelientri mOmmult 0.1101 OEM 00e410n or policy "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY 8LCIMELIZI:1-ALV TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC). " by Michael IL Jones, Ora Kromhout, and Robert Fleig Center for Instructional Development and Services, Florida State University Tallahassee, Florida A paper presented at the National Council on Measurement in Education Meeting Boston, April 19, 1990
Electrostatic charging of space-borne test bodies used in precision experiments

Space-borne physics experiments involving the measurement of small motions of test bodies are likely to be limited by disturbance forces. Of particular concern are forces arising from electrostatic charging of the test body due to interactions with particle radiation. Estimates of charging rates have been computed using Monte Carlo particle-transport codes in combination with semi-empirical particle flux models. Results are presented for the STEP and LISA geometries, and are extrapolated for GP-B. The consequences of the charging are assessed for each experiment, and a method for alleviating the problem is discussed which uses the photoemission technique already in the hardware development phase for GP-B.
Analýza rizik implementace nové technologie obrábění ve vybraném podniku

The theme of this bachelor thesis is an Analysis of risks during implementation of new machining technology in a selected company. The purpose of this thesis is an identification and analysis of potential risks during new machining technology impementation in Thermacut s.r. o. company. First part of the thesis is focused on theoretical knowledge, which is applied to the real example of selected company. At first current technology of machining is analyzed, then implementation of new machining technology is proposed and possible risks of this implementation are identified and analyzed. Finally suggestions and recommendations are proposed in order to avoid or at least mitigate those risks.
Crowdsourced Risk Minimization for Inter-Application Access in Android

Android’s inter-application access enriches its application ecosystem. However, it exposes security vulnerabilities where end-user data can be exploited by attackers. While existing techniques have focused on minimizing the risks of inter-application access, they either suffer from inaccurate risk detection or are primarily available to expert users. This paper introduces a novel technique that automatically analyzes potential risks between a set of applications, aids end-users to effectively assess the identified risks by crowdsourcing assessments, and generates an access control policy which prevents unsafe interapplication access at runtime. Our evaluation demonstrated that our technique identifies potential risks between real-world applications with perfect accuracy, supports a scalable analysis on a large number of applications, and successfully aids end-users’ risk assessments.
Highly Efficient PCDTBT:PC71 BM Based Photovoltaic Devices without Thermal Annealing Treatment

We propose an effective method to fabricate highly efficient organic photovoltaic cells based on poly [N-9"-heptadecanyl-2, 7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4'7'-di-2-thienyl-2'1'3-b-enzothiadiazole):[6,6]-phenyl C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PCDTBT:PC71BM). A power conversion efficiency of as high as 5.6% and a fill factor of 53.7% are achieved from the optimized cells. The influence of surface morphology of the active layer on the performance of the cells is also investigated.
Forced oscillation technique in the sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome: identification of respiratory events and nasal continuous positive airway pressure titration

Sleep breathing disorders (SBD) are related to obstructions resulting from repetitive narrowing and closure of the pharyngeal airway. Their diagnoses and treatment are critically dependent on an accurate identification of and discrimination between types of respiratory events. However, these disorders have been diagnosed using indirect or invasive measurements, which resulted in serious doubts concerning the correct evaluation of breathing events. The forced oscillation technique (FOT) has recently been suggested as a clinical tool able to accurately and non-invasively quantify respiratory obstruction during sleep. The present study investigates the morphology of the impedance signal during different sleep respiratory events and evaluates the ability of impedance measurements in providing adequate nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) titration. The results evidenced characteristic patterns in impedance signal morphology that are useful in the identification and classification of abnormal respiratory events. Moreover, significantly higher impedance values were obtained during apnoea and hypopnoea events when compared with normal values (p < 0.01). Studies using impedance measurements to adjust nCPAP showed a significant reduction (p < 0.01) of abnormal respiratory events, and a consequent normalization of the patients. These findings support the use of the FOT as a versatile clinic diagnostic tool helping SBD diagnosis and treatment.
High-resolution h-f time-of-arrival measurements (1981-1985)

Between 1981 and 1985, absolute time of arrival lTOAr measurements were made on HF sky wave time standard signals at different frequencies. A total of 113 path months of TOA data were collected over a onehhop path between Fort Collins, Colorado and San Diego, California. In addition, 15 path months of data were collected between Fort Collins and Oahu, Hawaii, and 12 path months were gathered on signals between Tokyo, Japan and Oahu. The data show a higher degree of ionospheric movement than had been expected by the experimenters. They also show a higher degree of stratification within layers than can normally be explained with simple models based on a singlehlayer ionosphere.
A study on fresnel absorption and reflections in the keyhole in deep penetration laser welding

On the basis of a keyhole photograph obtained experimentally, the keyhole profiles are determined by the method of polynomial fitting. Then the behaviour of the laser beam in the keyhole is analysed by tracing a ray of light using geometrical optics theory; the Fresnel absorption and reflections in the keyhole are systematically studied, and the laser intensities absorbed on the keyhole walls are calculated. By comparing the laser intensity absorbed on the keyhole walls with the heat flux lost there, the mechanism of energy balance on the keyhole walls is discussed.
Editorial: Plastic Pollution: An Ocean Emergency

The oceans have become one giant refuse bin for all manner of plastics. Environmental and health concerns associated with plastic pollution are a long recognised international problem (Carpenter & Smith 1972). Whilst approximately 10% of all solid waste is plastic (Heap 2009), up to 80% of the waste that accumulates on land, shorelines, the ocean surface, or seabed is plastic (Barnes et al. 2009). Plastics have an array of unique properties: they are inexpensive, lightweight, strong, durable, corrosion resistant, and with high thermal and electrical insulation properties. This versatility has revolutionised our life and not least made information technology and electrical goods far more readily available than would have been possible otherwise. They have also contributed to our health and safety (e.g., clean distribution of water and breakthrough medical devices), and have led to substantial energy savings in transportation. Unsurprisingly, with an ever expanding population and our standard of living continuously improving, plastic production has increased from 0.5 to 260 million tonnes per year since 1950 (Heap 2009), accounting today for approximately 8% of world oil production (Thompson et al. 2009b). Almost all aspects of our daily life involve plastics in some form or another: from hair dryers to shoes, to the car we drive and the wrap around lunch sandwiches. A scary thought considering that in the 1960s, less than 1% of our waste was plastic. The key problem with plastic however is that a major portion of plastic produced each year is used to make disposable packaging items or other short-lived products that are permanently discarded within a year of manufacture (Hopewell et al. 2009). Well over a billion single-use plastic bags are given out for free every day. Around 0.2 to 0.3% of plastic production eventually ends up in the ocean (Andrady & Neal 2009). Two of plastics’ most touted advantages, their light weight and durability, also make plastic items
Color Characteristics and Maillard Reactions of Chicken Meat Jerky with Different Sweeteners during Storage

The color characteristics of chicken meat jerky, prepared with sucrose and mixed sugar (sucrose: fructose: sorbitol 70: 15: 15), were investigated during storage at room temperature under different conditions (vacuum, 33, and 75 % relative humidity (RH) conditions). Changes in color values (L*, a*, b*) and the degree of Maillard reaction of the product were determined. The samples prepared with mixed sugar had more browning (brown color) than the samples prepared with sucrose (dark-yellow color) in all storage conditions (p < 0.05). The samples prepared with mixed sugar had a decrease in L* value and an increase in a* and b* value during storage, which corresponded to Maillard reaction development. The values of L*, a*, and b*, as well as the degree of Maillard reaction of samples prepared with the same sugar types, were not significantly different during storage in various storage conditions (p ≥ 0.05). Sensory scores of the color of chicken meat jerky kept in vacuum and 75 %RH conditions indicated preference within 30 days of storage, while samples stored in 33 %RH condition were acceptable within 15 days of storage. doi: 10.14456/WJST.2016. 15
A MEMS-Based Piezoelectric Power Generator for Low Frequency Vibration Energy Harvesting

A novel power generator has been achieved to convert vibration to electrical energy via the piezoelectric effect. The generator obtained by micro fabrication process mainly consists of silicon based frame and composite cantilever. The prototype tested at resonant vibration generates 1.15 μW of effective power to a 20.4-kΩ resistance load. The potential of this work is to offer miniaturization solutions for power generators, and with the proposed method the ambient ubiquitous vibration can be harvested effectively as endless energy source to form an integrated self-powering system.
Antireflection behavior of silicon subwavelength periodic structures for visible light

We describe subwavelength surfaces etched into silicon wafers that exhibit antireflection characteristics for visible light. The wafers are fabricated by holographically recording a crossed-grating in a photoresist mask followed by reactive-ion etching to transfer the primary mask onto the silicon substrate. The dependence of reflectivity on the wavelength and angle of incidence is measured. The overall antireflection performance of the corrugated silicon wafers is compared with that of standard thin-film stacks, and is interpreted with the effective medium theory and with simulation results obtained from rigorous computations.
Characterization of micromechanical structures using white-light interferometry

As microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) move rapidly towards commercialization, the issue of mechanical characterization has emerged as a major consideration in device design and fabrication. It is now common to include a set of test structures on a MEMS wafer for extraction of thin film material properties (in particular, residual stress, stress gradient and Young’s modulus), and for process and device monitoring. These structures usually consist of micromachined beams and strain gauges. Measurement techniques include tensile testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging, atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis, surface profiling and Raman spectroscopy. However, these tests are often destructive and may be difficult to carry out at the wafer scale. Instead of these methods, this paper uses white-light interferometry surface profiling for material characterization and device inspection. Interferometry is quick, non-destructive, non-contact, and can offer a high density lateral resolution with extremely high sensitivities to the surface in the z-direction—all essential requirements for high volume manufacturing. A range of devices is employed to illustrate the capabilities of white-light interferometry as a measurement and process characterization tool. It is shown that residual stress may be determined by using electrostatic actuation to pull fixed–fixed beams towards the substrate, and interferometry to record the beam deflection profile. Finite-element simulation software is employed to model this deflection, and to estimate the material properties which minimize the difference between the measured and simulated profiles. The results agree well with blanket film measurements.
Coherent (spin-)tensor fields on D = 4 anti-de Sitter space

The coherent states associated to the discrete series representations D(E0,s) of SO(3,2) are constructed in terms of (spin-)tensor fields on D = 4 anti-de Sitter space. For E0>s+5 the linear space E0,s spanned by these states is proved to carry the unitary irreducible representation D(E0,s). The SO(3,2)-covariant generalized Fourier transform in this space is exhibited. The quasiclassical properties of the coherent states are analysed. In particular, these states are shown to be localized on the timelike geodesics of anti-de Sitter space.
A strategy-based process for implementing knowledge management: An integrative view and empirical study

Knowledge resource is unique and valuable for a link to competitive advantage based on the knowledge-based perspective. Effective knowledge management is the major concern of contemporary business managers. The key determinant of effective knowledge management is the firm’s competitive strategy. The link between business strategy and knowledge management, while often discussed, has been widely ignored in practice. Moreover, while knowledge management is complex in nature, it is difficult to directly translate a firm’s competitive strategy into the specific knowledge management activities. This requires first defining knowledge strategy to guide further information technology (IT)-supported implementation approaches. Finally, the ultimate goal of knowledge management lies in the realization of firm performance. Previous studies have just discussed partial relationship among these relevant knowledge concepts rather than in an integrative manner. Thus, this research proposes a complete process-based model with four components: competitive strategy, knowledge strategy, implementation approach, and firm performance. Empirical results have shown positive relationships between any two consecutive components and useful insight for knowledge implementation practice.
Nucleocosmochronology

Nucleocosmochronology is reviewed, emphasising its model-independent foundation and both the model-independent and dependent results. The long-lived radionuclides 232Th/238U and 187Re/187Os set a lower limit on the age of the Universe of 8.7*109 yr by their model-independent determination of the mean age of the elements. The short-lived chronometers 129I/127I, 26Al/27Al and 107Pd/110Pd paint a picture of the last nucleosynthetic events that includes a supernova(e) association with the embryonic solar system. The possibility of elucidating this scenario by further development of these chronometers and also the 146Sm/142Nd and 247Cm/238U pairs is discussed. It is shown that intermediate-lived nuclides are in principle capable of describing the time dependence of the nucleosynthetic production function. However, the present situation does not allow serious model-independent constraints of this type. Nucleocosmochronology, when coupled with other independent determinations of the age of the Universe, is found to place a clear constraint on galactic evolution models in general.
Evaluation of Annual Sunlight Exposure (ASE) as a Proxy to Glare: A Field Study in a NZEB and LEED Certified Office in San Francisco

This thesis researches visual comfort and glare conditions using a field study approach. Its goal is to evaluate to what extent the Annual Sunlight Exposure (ASE) metric reflects visual comfort, as assessed from both qualitative and quantitative data collected in a NZEB and LEED Platinum certified office building. Results suggest that ASE does not adequately represent human experience and visual comfort through the illuminance plan view approach, and that future versions of this metric should use an integrated approach with luminance metrics for more accurate visual comfort and glare analysis. Ultimately, this study recommends further validation of the IES LM-83-12 and LEED v4 simulation requirements to increase confidence on the use of the ASE metric. The annual-climate-based daylighting metrics released by the Illuminating Engineering Society in 2012 and adopted by LEED in 2014 made a relevant advancement by introducing Spatial Daylight Autonomy (sDA) and Annual Sunlight Exposure (ASE) to predict daylight sufficiency and probability of glare, respectively. These new metrics address dynamic and temporal aspects of daylight not previously covered by other standards. However, the introduction of these metrics is still very recent, and current literature indicates an impending need for further refinement. To study these challenges, three objectives were delimited for this thesis: 1) Determine if ASE is a good proxy for visual comfort and glare in a field study of an existing high performance office space; 2) Categorize the daylighting performance and visual comfort in this same office space using a combination of occupant surveys and physical measurements; and, 3) Identify through a compilation of interviews with daylighting practitioners the challenges and benefits faced when applying these new metrics.In summary, this thesis examined the ASE metric and simulation requirements adopted by LEED v4 with comparative analysis involving occupant surveys, field measurements and simulation methods. While point-in-time glare and DGP analysis presented results in line with the occupant responses, ASE provided discrepant numbers in relation to annual DGP results. The conclusions indicate that ASE over-predicts glare occurrence due to unconfirmed thresholds definitions and simulation requirement limitations. Thus, this study suggests the review and fine-tuning of the ASE metric and simulation requirements for future LEED versions.
Dynamics of electromagnetic waves in Kerr geometry

Here we study the spin-1 particle, i.e., an electromagnetic wave in curved spacetime, say, around a black hole. After separating the equations into radial and angular parts and writing them according to a black-hole geometry, e.g. a Kerr black hole, we solve them analytically. Finally, we produce a complete solution of the spin-1 particles around a rotating black hole, i.e., in Kerr geometry. Obviously there is coupling between the spin of the electromagnetic wave and that of the black hole when particles propagate in that spacetime. Thus, the solution will be dependent on the coupling strength. Most importantly, it may be useful in studying other different problems where analytical results are needed. The results may also be useful in some astrophysical contexts.