Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Chandra Fornax Survey

With a mean intra-cluster gas temperature of 1.2 keV Fornax is representative of the critical boundary between massive clusters and groups. We have obtained a mosaic of ten 50 ksec ACIS-I pointings mapping the inner 1 degree of Fornax. At a distance of only 20Mpc structure as small as 100 pc is resolved by Chandra, allowing us to investigate both the detailed hydrodynamical state of gas and emission from known populations of dwarf galaxies, globular clusters and intra-cluster stars. A complex, multi-temperature intra-cluster medium is seen, together with over 600 point sources. Shown below is an exposure corrected, adaptively smoothed, “3-color” image of the total dataset. Full images, exposure, temperature, abundance, and point source maps will be made available starting Dec 2003 from the American Museum of Natural History astronomical data archive.
Liquid Cooling of Compute System

The continued demand for increasing compute performance results in an increasing system power and power density of many computers. The increased power requires more efficient cooling solutions than traditionally used air cooling. Therefore, liquid cooling, which has traditionally been used for large data center deployments, is becoming more mainstream. Liquid cooling can be used selectively to cool the high power components or the whole compute system. In this paper, the example of a fully liquid cooled server is used to describe different ingredients needed, together with the design challenges associated with them. The liquid cooling ingredients are cooling distribution unit (CDU), fluid, manifold, quick disconnects (QDs), and cold plates. Intel is driving an initiative to accelerate liquid cooling implementation and deployment by enabling the ingredients above. The functionality of these ingredients is discussed in this paper, while cold plates are discussed in detail.
Higher Leptin Levels are Associated with Obesity and Slower HIV Disease Progression

Leptin is considered to be a pleiotropic molecule, with a role in metabolism, endocrine and immune regulation. Higher levels of leptin have been found in obese individuals thought to enhance the immunity through its role in proliferation and anti‐apoptotic effects on lymphocytes. Leptin has also been inversely associated with HIV viral load, independent of adipose tissue. The objective of this study was to evaluate over 18 months the relationship of leptin with body composition and laboratory markers of HIV disease infection and progression in HIV+ asymptomatic adults who were not receiving ART in Botswana.
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Drive Bleomycin‐Induced Lung Fibrosis by Regulating TGFβ1‐Dependent Interactions of Platelets and Macrophages

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are extracellular histones and DNA expelled from polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). NETs are released during inflammation as an innate immune defense mechanism. NETs not only exert bactericidal activities but are toxic for host cells and thus promote tissue injury. In the past, many reports have defined the important roles of NETs during acute infections and acute inflammatory diseases. On the other hand, our current knowledge on the contribution of NETs during chronic inflammation, adaptive immunity and fibrotic diseases leaves much to be desired.
Neutrophil infiltration related to the methotrexate‐induced intestinal barrier dysfunction

Methotrexate (MTX) is used for the treatment of acute leukemia, rheumatoid arthritis and some intraosseous sarcomas. It causes severe side effects like mucosal inflammation, nausea and diarrhea. We found that MTX‐induced ROS resulted in neutrophil (PMN) accumulation and migration in rat intestine. MTX‐induced secretion of inflammatory cytokines seemed to be a triggering factor for the PMN migration. Thus, we built the in vitro assay system for PMN migration and studied the molecular mechanism.
Symbole de Kronecker torique

Soient une variete torique complete et simplifiable de dimension n, s son anneau des coordonnees multi homogenes. On considere n + 1 polynomes multi homogenes de s, f 0, , f n, de multi degres amples, sans zero commun dans , tels que n polynomes quelconques parmi les f i n'ont que des zeros communs finis dans. On designe par le multi degre critique pour les f i, par s le c-espace vectoriel des polynomes multi homogenes de multi degre , par (f 0, , f n) = s (f 0, , f n) et par a le c-espace vectoriel quotient s /(f 0, , f n). Dans les conditions indiquees, d. Cox definit, de facon analytique, le residu torique global associe aux (n + 1) polynomes, qui est une forme c-lineaire sur a. Il s'agit, dans notre travail, d'adopter le point de vue des bezoutiens et de definir le symbole de Kronecker torique, qui coincide avec ce residu torique global et en est une version algebrique. Nous construisons d'abord le symbole de kronecker affine sur chaque ouvert affine de recouvrement de. Pour pouvoir recoller ces symboles, nous montrons, en utilisant la loi de transformation affine pour les symboles de kronecker, la formule d'euler-jacobi torique (qu'on peut trouver dans les travaux de e. Cattani, d. Cox et a. Dickenstein), et les notions de resultant (voir le livre de gelfand, kapranov et zelevinski),, une propriete d'echange des polynomes f i ainsi qu'une propriete de compatibilite entre ces symboles sur chaque ouvert.
Cloud-top structure of tornadic storms on 10 April 1979 from rapid scan and stereo satellite observations

The cloud top structure of the Wichita Falls tornadic storm of 10 April 1979 (and other severe storms on this day) is studied using remotely-sensed observations from radar and satellite. A comprehensive data set included 3 min interval visible (0.6 μm) and infrared (11 μm) radiances from the eastern GOES and similar 30 min interval data from the western GOES. The near synchronization of these two satellites allowed for the stereoscopic determination of cloud top heights. In addition, at 2048 GMT, TIROS-N scanned the storms within one minute of the geosynchronous stereo and provided 1 km resolution infrared blackbody temperatures. Because internal storm dynamics are hidden from the view of the satellite, storm updraft intensity must be inferred from cloud-top minimum temperature and its rate of change. The Wichita Falls, Tex. tornadic storm could be defined in the satellite data by a point of minimum temperature which displayed temporal continuity and achieved a temperature of 208 K. A cloud-top cooling ra.
A Markov chain Monte carol method for generating random (0, 1)-matrices with given marginals

The problem of generating a random (0, l)-matrix with given marginals oc curs in different contexts. We mention two instances. Wilson (1987) considered the incidence and non-incidence of 56 species of birds in 28 islands of Vanuatu. The data can be represented by a 56 x 28 matrix A where the (i, j)-entry is 1 or 0 according as the z-th species is present on the j-th island or not. He wanted to test the null hypothesis that the occurrence of the species on the islands is random in the sense that all possible incidence matrices are equally likely, using cooccurrences of species. Since the chance of occurrence of a species on an island depends on how numerous the species is and on the capacity of the island which are indicated by the row total of A corresponding to the species and the column total of A corresponding to the island, he assumed that only those (0,1)-mat rices which have the same row sums as those of A and the same column sums as those of A are possible. To estimate the distribution of any statistic by simulation, one has to generate a random (0, l)-matrix with the given marginals. Another instance where one has to generate a random (0, l)-matrix with given marginals occurs in the analysis of social networks. A social network is
VIRGO Radiometry and Total Solar Irradiance 1996-2000 Revised

The long-term changes of the VIRGO radiometers have been re-analyzed in detail in order to resolve the puzzle of the early increase of the total solar irradiance (TSI) as observed by VIRGO. The exposure dependent changes can be described by a model which is based on a combination of an early increase of the sensitivity and a degradation with time which is modulated by the dose of 'solar UV radiation each detector receives. After correcting for the exposure-dependent behaviour both operational radiometers show an increase of their sensitivity which depends only on the time they are switched-on. After removing this increase the VIRGO TSI remains more or less constant during the minimum period of solar activity and reaches the solar maximum at levels comparable to the ones of former maxima.
Standing shocks in isothermal rotating winds and accretion. II - Effects of viscous dissipation

Une etude anterieure de l'auteur (1989, Mon.Not.R.astr.Soc., 240) sur la formation des ondes de choc stationnaires est etendue en incluant les effets de la dissipation visqueuse dans les ecoulements rotatifs. Dans l'ecoulement non dissipatif, pour un ensemble donne de parametres initiaux, il existe 2 localisations formelles ou une onde de choc peut se former dans l'accretion d'un trou noir. Cette ambiguite est levee en presence de dissipation : ce resultat est demontre en utilisant la viscosite de Shakura-Sunyaev (Shakura N.I. et Sunyaev R.A., 1973, Astr. Astrophys., 24) et une viscosite turbulente effective.
The Direct and Indirect Effects of Socioeconomic Status and Acculturation on Physical Activity and BMI within Country Rural‐to‐Urban Migrants

To investigate whether socioeconomic status (SES) and acculturation predict overweight/obesity risk as well as the mediating effect of physical activity (PA) in the context of internal migration. Methods: Cross‐sectional study of 587 rural ‐ to ‐ urban migrants participating in the PERU MIGRANT Study. Analyses were conducted using logistic regression and structural equation modeling. All models were controlled for age, gender, education, SES and acculturation.
Spontaneous Baroreflex Control of Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity in Humans: Standardizing Analysis Procedures

Beat‐to‐beat variations in muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) are strongly related to diastolic blood pressure (DBP) fluctuations, and the use of spontaneous occurring bursts of MSNA at rest to determine sympathetic baroreflex sensitivity has become more prevalent. However, published results using spontaneous sympathetic baroreflex sensitivity have lacked standard methodology for analysis. Indeed, there have been variations in the duration of the recording used, the size of the DBP bins (1‐, 2‐, 3‐mmHg), and strength of the linear regression r‐values accepted. Thus, we sought to comprehensively examine the influence of these varying analysis procedures on spontaneous sympathetic baroreflex sensitivity. Our goal was to provide a standardized procedure that would allow for consistent and comparable results across laboratories. In a collective group of subjects (n=150), weighted linear regression analysis between MSNA and DBP was performed with MSNA expressed as either burst incidence (bursts/100heartbeats) or total MSNA (summation of MSNA burst amplitude relative to number of cardiac cycles). Resting MSNA was analyzed over a 10‐min baseline period, and subsequently segregated into separate 5‐, 2‐, and 1‐min segments to examine the influence of baseline duration on the weighted linear regression. MSNA was averaged over 1‐, 2‐, or 3‐mmHg DBP ranges (bins) to examine the influence of bin size. Also, in a subset of subjects (n=35), the modified Oxford technique (intravenous infusion of sodium nitroprusside followed by phenylephrine) was performed for comparison. The average slope of the linear regressions for resting MSNA burst incidence and total MSNA progressively increased as the baseline duration decreased with 1‐min duration being significantly greater than 10 min (P<0.05); however, correlation coefficients were reduced with the shorter durations. Indeed, the 10‐min baseline durations most frequently yielded statistically significant probability values for linear regressions (P<0.05), which closely reflected the p‐values obtained during the modified Oxford. Interestingly, although bin size (1‐, 2‐, 3‐mmHg) had no major influence on the average slope of the regressions (P>0.05), correlation coefficients progressively increased with bin size such that the highest correlation coefficients were observed for the 3‐mmHg bin size for each time duration segment. Overall, the 10‐min durations and 3‐mmHg bin size yielded the highest correlation coefficients. Collectively, these findings suggest that the duration of the recording used for analysis impacts the statistical validity of the r‐values defining the slopes for spontaneous sympathetic baroreflex sensitivity, whereas larger bin size improves the r‐value but has less influence on the p‐value.
Endothelin‐1 and COMP Regulate Heme Biosynthesis and Guanylate Cyclase Expression in Smooth Muscle of Pulmonary Arteries

The objective of this study is to examine if heme biosynthesis is regulated in smooth muscle of pulmonary arteries by endothelin‐1 (ET1) and/or conditions modulating the availability of Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein (COMP). Our recent studies in endothelium‐rubbed bovine pulmonary arteries (BPA) organoid cultured for up to 48 hours observed ET1 (10nM) increases superoxide in the mitochondrial matrix and extra mitochondrial regions associated with COMP depletion. While incubation with COMP (0.5μM) attenuated ET1‐induced superoxide increases. We hypothesize that increased superoxide in the mitochondrial matrix could impair heme biosynthesis from protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) by decreasing the availability of Fe2+ and/or ferrochelatase (FECH). To examine this hypothesis, we studied the effects of ET1, COMP and siRNA depletion of COMP on the expression of FECH, transferrin receptor‐1 (TfR1, an indicator of iron availability) and soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC, a key heme‐dependent protein), and on measurements of PpIX (HPLC) and heme content. ET1 decreased FECH, heme and sGC, and increased PpIX and TfR1. COMP reversed these effects of ET1, and COMP also decreased PpIX and increased heme in the absence of ET1. The depletion of COMP by siRNA increased detection of mitochondrial Matrix (MitoSOX‐HPLC) and extramitochondrial (DHE‐HPLC) superoxide, PpIX and TfR1 expression, and decreased the expression of FECH, sGC and the phosphorylation of VASP on the site mediated by cGMP protein kinase. In vascular reactivity studies, it was observed that relaxation of BPA to the nitric oxide donor spermine NONOate was inhibited by organoid culture with ET1, and this effect of ET1 was attenuated in the presence of COMP during the exposure to ET1. Collectively, ET1 and COMP depletion appears to impair the biosynthesis of heme in pulmonary arteries potentially associated with the loss of protective sGC and cGMP vasodilator and remodeling‐inhibitory mechanisms.
A triple distinction of cerebellar function for oculomotor learning and fatigue compensation

The cerebellum implements error-based motor learning via synaptic gain adaptation of an inverse model, i.e. the mapping of a spatial movement goal onto a motor command. Recently, we modeled the motor and perceptual changes during learning of saccadic eye movements, showing that learning is actually a threefold process. Besides motor recalibration of the inverse model (1), learning also comprises perceptual recalibration of the visuospatial target map (2) and of a forward dynamics model that estimates the saccade size from corollary discharge (3). Yet, the site of perceptual recalibration remains unclear. Here we dissociate cerebellar contributions to the three stages of learning by modeling the learning data of eight cerebellar patients and eight healthy controls. Results showed that cerebellar pathology restrains short-term recalibration of the visuospatial target map and of the inverse model while the forward dynamics model is well informed about the reduced saccade change. Moreover, patients showed uncompensated oculomotor fatigue caused by insufficient upregulation of saccade duration. According to our model, this could induce long-term perceptual compensation, consistent with the overestimation of target eccentricity found in the patients’ baseline data. We conclude that the cerebellum mediates short-term adaptation of the visuospatial target map and of the inverse model, especially by control of saccade duration. The forward dynamics model was not affected by cerebellar pathology. Author Summary Achieving a fine-grained understanding of how the cerebellum continuously recalibrates our movements is an ongoing challenge in sensorimotor neuroscience. Recently, we showed that recalibration of saccadic eye movements does not only operate in motor space, i.e. by adjusting the motor command, but also in external and internal visual space, i.e. by adjusting the spatial representation of the target and the internal saccade size. For this purpose, (1) we developed a paradigm that allowed us to monitor changes of the internal saccade size estimated from trans-saccadic target localizations, and (2) we unified the three learning processes in one computational modeling framework. Here we apply this approach to the saccade learning data of patients with a neurodegenerative cerebellar disease. First, we dissociate the cerebellar role in recalibration of these three sites of learning. Second, we show how learning is transposed to saccade kinematics. Third, we provide first insights into the perceptual consequences of cerebellar pathology that, according to our model, may be a mechanism to recover from disease-specific motor deficits. Our modeling framework may help to dissociate the contribution of specific sensorimotor areas to adaptive behavior as well as to improve the understanding of learning deficits and compensatory strategies in the clinical context.
Mutation of the Drosophila serotonin transporter dSERT disrupts courtship and feeding and increases both daytime and nighttime sleep

The Serotonin Transporter (SERT) regulates extracellular serotonin levels and is the target of most current drugs used to treat depression. The mechanisms by which inhibition of SERT activity influences behavior are poorly understood. To address this question in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster, we developed new loss of function mutations in Drosophila SERT (dSERT). Previous studies in both flies and mammals have implicated serotonin as an important neuromodulator of sleep, and our newly generated dSERT mutants show an increase in total sleep and altered sleep architecture. Differences in daytime vs. nighttime sleep architecture as well as genetic rescue experiments unexpectedly suggest that distinct serotonergic circuits may modulate daytime versus nighttime sleep. dSERT mutants also show defects in copulation and food intake, akin to the clinical side effects of SSRIs. Starvation did not overcome the sleep drive in the mutants. Additionally in males, but not female dSERT mutants, the drive to mate also failed to overcome sleep drive. dSERT may be used to further explore the mechanisms by which serotonin regulates sleep and its interplay with other complex behaviors. Author Summary Many medications used to treat depression and anxiety act by changing serotonin levels in the brain. Fruit flies also use serotonin and can be used as a model to study the brain. We have made a fly mutant for the serotonin transporter (SERT), which is the target of antidepressants in humans. The mutants sleep more, eat less, and have a decreased sex drive. These flies can be used to study the neuronal pathways by which serotonin regulates sleep, eating and sexual behaviors and may help us to understand the behavioral effects of antidepressants.
I Jirka Poropudas and Kai Virtanen

This paper presents a novel approach to simulation metamodeling using dynamic Bayesian networks (DBNs) in the context of discrete event simulation. A DBN is a probabilistic model that represents the joint distribution of a sequence of random variables and enables the efficient calculation of their marginal and conditional distributions. In this paper, the construction of a DBN based on simulation data and its utilization in simulation analyses are presented. The DBN metamodel allows the study of the time evolution of simulation by tracking the probability distribution of the simulation state over the duration of the simulation. This feature is unprecedented among existing simulation metamodels. The DBN metamodel also enables effective what-if analysis which reveals the conditional evolution of the simulation. In such an analysis, the simulation state at a given time is fixed and the probability distributions representing the state at other time instants are updated. Simulation parameters can be included in the DBN metamodel as external random variables. Then, the DBN offers a way to study the effects of parameter values and their uncertainty on the evolution of the simulation. The accuracy of the analyses allowed by DBNs is studied by constructing appropriate confidence intervals. These analyses could be conducted based on raw simulation data but the use of DBNs reduces the duration of repetitive analyses and is expedited by available Bayesian network software. The construction and analysis capabilities of DBN metamodels are illustrated with two example simulation studies. 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine plant Oldenlandia corymbosa reveals the biosynthesis and mode of action of anti-cancer metabolites

Natural products from traditional medicinal plants are valuable candidates for clinical cancer therapy. Plants from the Oldenlandia-Hedyotis complex are popular ingredients of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), however a major hurdle in the plant bioprospecting process of TCM plants is that the active metabolites, their biosynthetic pathways, and mode of action are often unknown. We show that Oldenlandia corymbosa extracts are active against breast cancer cell lines. To study the genes involved in the biosynthesis of active compounds in this medicinal plant, we assembled a high-quality genome. We show that the main active compound is ursolic acid and that abiotic stresses cause changes in anti-cancer activity, metabolite composition, and gene expression of plants. To reveal the mode of action of ursolic acid, we show that cancer cells undergo mitotic catastrophe, and we identify three high-confidence protein binding targets by Cellular Thermal Shift Assay (CETSA) and reverse docking.