Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Capital Taxation : Quantitative Explorations of the Inverse Euler Equation ∗

Economies with private information provide a rationale for capital taxation. In this paper we ask what the welfare gains from following this prescription are. We develop a method to answer this question in standard general equilibrium models with idiosyncratic uncertainty and incomplete markets. We find that general equilibrium forces are important and greatly reduce the welfare gains. Once these effects are taken into account the gains are relatively small in our benchmark calibration. These results do not imply that dynamic aspects of social insurance design are unimportant, but they do suggest that capital taxation may play a modest role. ∗We thank the editor and three anoymous referees for comments and suggestions. We are grateful to Florian Scheuer for outstanding research assistance. We thank comments and suggestions from Daron Acemoglu, Manuel Amador, Marios Angeletos, Patrick Kehoe, Narayana Kocherlakota, Mike Golosov, Ellen McGrattan, Robert Shimer, Aleh Tsyvinski and seminar participants at various institutions. Special thanks to Mark Aguiar, Pierre-Olivier Gourinchas, Fatih Guvenen, Dirk Krueger, Fabrizo Perri, Luigi Pistaferri and Gianluca Violante for helpful discussions on the available empirical evidence for consumption and income. All remaining errors are our own.
Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Daucus carota Seeds Extract

The ethanolic extract of Daucus carota seeds (DCE) was investigated for anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity at the doses [per oral (p.o.)] of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight. For evaluation of inflammation carrageenan-, histamine- and serotonin-induced paw edema served as acute models and formaldehyde-induced arthritis served as a chronic model in rats. The acetic acid-induced writhing response and formalin-induced paw licking time in the early and late phases of mice were used to assess analgesic activity. The higher doses of DCE (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) were inhibiting carrageenan, histamine and serotonin-induced paw edema as well as formaldehyde-induced arthritis successfully. In addition, DCE (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly attenuated the writhing responses induced by an intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid and late phase of pain response induced by an subplantar injection of formalin in mice.
Three dimensional finite volume solutions of seepage and uplift in homogonous and isotropic foundations of gravity dams

In this paper, a three-dimensional version of NASIR finite volume seepage solver developed for tetrahedral mesh is introduced. The numerical analyzer is utilized for solving the seepage in homogeneous and isotropic porous media and uplift under gravity dams with upstream cut off wall. The results of numerical solver in terms of uplift pressure underneath of the dam base with upstream cut off wall are compared with analytical solutions obtained by application of from conformal mapping technique for a constant unit ratio of foundation depth over dam base (T/b = 1). The accuracy of the results computed uplift pressure present acceptable agreements with the analytical solutions for various ratios of cut off wall over the dam base length (s/b).
Inter-comparison campaign of solar UVR instruments at Réunion Island (21.0°S, 55,5°E) : findings and recommendations

Reunion Island (21.0°S, 55.5°E) is a French and European territory situated in the Indian Ocean in the tropics where solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) levels are high almost all-year round. This is mainly due to intense incident solar radiation combined with weak stratospheric ozone columns. Yet, very few UVR and ozone measurements are available or operational in these regions, especially in the southwest Indian Ocean countries. Since 2009, the Reunion University, a French and European university, started a research program based on ground-based solar UVR and ozone observations. Continuous UVR measurements require instrument monitoring and calibration processes in terms of wavelength and intensity on regular intervals and made with regular comparison against a reference instrument. Several UV instruments comparison has already been done [1], but a comparison at high UV level can highlight a different instrument trend. In the framework of the NDACC (Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change) and in collaboration with the LOA (Laboratoire d'Optique Atmospherique, University of Lille, France) a Bentham DM300 spectrometer (BT) is operated at Reunion Island. We recently implemented an inter-comparison campaign between the Bentham spectroradiometer and four UV radiometers: a Kipp&Zonen UVS-E-T (KZ), a Solar Light 501 (SL), a SGlux UV COS (SG) and a Davis radiometer (DV), with the Bentham spectrometer as a reference. It should be noted that the Kipp&Zonen and Solar Light 501 radiometers were calibrated during the International UV filter Radiometer Comparison in summer 2017 organised by PMOD/WRC at the WCC-UV in Davos [2]. In order to identify clear sky conditions, an all-sky camera recording cloud fraction (CF) has been operating at the observation site.
Identification of Predominant Ferric Signatures in Association to the Martian Sulfate Deposits

MARTIAN SULFATE DEPOSITS. A. Gendrin, J.-P. Bibring, J. Mustard, N. Mangold, C. Quantin, B. Gondet, Y. Langevin, F. Poulet, C. Sotin, S. Le Mouelic, J.-P. Combe, L. Hutchison and the OMEGA team, Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS, Université Paris 11, bâtiment 121, 91405 Orsay Campus, France (aline.gendrin@ias.fr), Department of Geological Science, Box 1846, Brown University, Providence RI, 02912, IDES-Orsay, UMR 8148, CNRS and Université Paris-Sud, Bat. 509, 91405 ORSAY Cedex, France, LST, UCB and ENS Lyon, Villeurbanne, France Laboratoire de Planétologie et géodynamique, Nantes, France.
K-Tobi (Korean ToBI) Labelling Conventions

K-ToBI (Korean TOnes and Break Indices) is a prosodic transcription convention for standard (Seoul) Korean. It is based on the design principles of the original English ToBI (see Silverman et al., 1992; Beckman & Hirschberg, 1994; Pitrelli et al. 1994), and the Japanese ToBI system (J_ToBI), devised by Jennifer Venditti (see Venditti, 1995; Campbell & Venditti, 1995). Like the other ToBI systems, therefore, K-ToBI assumes intonational phonology with a close relationship to a hierarchical model of prosodic constituents as proposed by Pierrehumbert and her colleagues (e. g., Pierrehumbert 1980, Beckman & Pierrehumbert 1986, Pierrehumbert & Beckman 1988). The intonational analysis and attendant prosodic model of Seoul Korean adopted for K-ToBI are based on Jun (1990, 1993, 1996, 1998; also see Lee 1989 and de Jong 1989 for earlier studies). A first version of K-ToBI was developed at ATR Interpreting Telecommunication Systems in Japan in late 1994 by Mary Beckman and Sun-Ah Jun, as part of Korean synthesis development project. The second version (Beckman & Jun 1996) was an updated version modified in November 1996 by the same authors in accordance with the discussion of the Japanese/Korean working group at the Prosody Transcription Workshop held just before ICPhS (International Congress on Phonetic Sciences) in Stockholm, August 1995. The current version is a revised one from the second version by Sun-Ah Jun after Korean ToBI Workshop in Korea, August 1998. This version was presented at the workshop “Intonation: Models and ToBI Labelling”, a satellite meeting of ICPhS in San Francisco in August 1999. Before introducing the revised K-ToBI labelling conventions, a brief description of the intonational structure of Seoul Korean proposed in Jun (1993, 1998) is in order.
Ethical Leadership and Prohibitive Voice – the Role of Leadership and Organisational Identification

This article extends previous research on ethical leadership and voice behavior, by investigating the relationship between ethical leadership and prohibitive voice. Prohibitive voice is defined as speaking up with concerns or worries regarding factors that may harm organisational functioning. The article reports on a cross-sectional study of Norwegian employees, investigating the relationship between ethical leadership, leadership identification, organisational identification and prohibitive voice. In the article leadership identification is understood as a process where the employee incorporates the leader’s values and goals into his or her selfconcept. Organisational identification on the other hand is when the employee starts seeing the organisational values, norms and goals as his or her own. Testing our results in a dual-process model, we find that ethical leadership is positively and significantly related to prohibitive voice. Moreover, we find that this effect is mediated by organizational identification. We find no significant mediation effect of leadership identification. Implication for theory and research are discussed.
Smoke considerations for using fire in maintaining healthy forest ecosystems

Fire is the single most important ecological disturbance process throughout the interior Pacific Northwest (Mutch and others 1993; Agee 1994). It is also a natural process that helps maintain a diverse ecological landscape. Fire suppression and timber harvesting have drastically altered this process during the past 50 to 90 years. Natural resource specialists generally agree that the forests of the interior Pacific Northwest are less healthy, less diverse, and more susceptible to larger and more destructive wildfires as a result of this human intervention (Everett 1994). Analysis of current and historical aerial photographs for the East Side Forest Health Assessment (Huffand others 1995) indicates there has been an increase in forest fuels, crown fire potential, and smoke production potential since the 1930's brought on by selective logging and fire suppression activities. In addition, acres burned by wildfires across Washington and Oregon on USDA Forest Service lands have been increasing (fig. 1).
Alterations in endocytic protein expression with increasing age in the transgenic APP695 V717I London mouse model of amyloid pathology: implications for Alzheimer’s disease

A major risk factor for the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is increasing age, but the reason behind this association has not been identified. It is thought that the changes in endocytosis seen in AD patients are causal for this condition. Thus, we hypothesized that the increased risk of developing AD associated with ageing may be because of changes in endocytosis. We investigated using Western blotting whether the expression of endocytic proteins involved in clathrin-mediated and clathrin-independent endocytosis are altered by increasing age in a mouse model of amyloid pathology. We used mice transgenic for human amyloid precursor protein containing the V717I London mutation. We compared the London mutation mice with age-matched wild-type (WT) controls at three ages, 3, 9 and 18 months, representing different stages in the development of pathology in this model. Having verified that the London mutation mice overexpressed amyloid precursor protein and &bgr;-amyloid, we found that the expression of the smallest isoform of PICALM, a key protein involved in the regulation of clathrin-coated pit formation, was significantly increased in WT mice, but decreased in the London mutation mice with age. PICALM levels in WT 18-month mice and clathrin levels in WT 9-month mice were significantly higher than those in the London mutation mice of the same ages. The expression of caveolin-1, involved in clathrin-independent endocytosis, was significantly increased with age in all mice. Our results suggest that endocytic processes could be altered by the ageing process and such changes could partly explain the association between ageing and AD.
Process Improvement for Small Organizations

Software process improvement has been a hot topic within the software industry for numerous years. Its high profile has been partly due to the introduction and industry acceptance of standard improvement models, most notably the Capability Maturity Model (CMM) developed by the Software Engineering Institute at Carnegie Mellon University. To this end, a small organization must minimize the limitations of its smaller size and maximize the benefits inherent in its culture. The authors describe an approach to SPI that has been used successfully in an organization of approximately 150 software engineers. The authors believe their approach to process improvement has produced a noticeable shift in attitudes toward the quality system. They claim that process improvement is now seen as a living thing that constantly evolves. Thus, although not everyone agrees with all aspects of the quality system, people now are far more willing than in the past to make constructive suggestions.
Flexible radiofrequency filters based on highly conductive graphene assembly films

We demonstrate a flexible radiofrequency filter based on graphene assembly films with a high conductivity up to 106 S/m and a thickness of 10 μm. The flexible high-conductivity graphene film (HCGF) used in the filter has a fifth-order low-pass Chebyshev frequency response, and it operates at 3.6 GHz with a 0.82 dB in-band maximum insertion loss and 26.21 dB insertion loss at 5 GHz. Such performance observed in the HCGF-based flexible filters is comparable to that of commercial copper-based filters in passband and roll-off. The HCGF exhibits good mechanical flexibility even after 200 cycles of bending. Nearly no mechanical failure or performance degradation occurs during 20 cycles of 0°–50° bending for the flexible HCGF filter. Our results suggest that the flexible HCGF filter has good repetitive bending stability. This makes this type of filter suitable for future applications in flexible wireless communication.We demonstrate a flexible radiofrequency filter based on graphene assembly films with a high conductivity up to 106 S/m and a thickness of 10 μm. The flexible high-conductivity graphene film (HCGF) used in the filter has a fifth-order low-pass Chebyshev frequency response, and it operates at 3.6 GHz with a 0.82 dB in-band maximum insertion loss and 26.21 dB insertion loss at 5 GHz. Such performance observed in the HCGF-based flexible filters is comparable to that of commercial copper-based filters in passband and roll-off. The HCGF exhibits good mechanical flexibility even after 200 cycles of bending. Nearly no mechanical failure or performance degradation occurs during 20 cycles of 0°–50° bending for the flexible HCGF filter. Our results suggest that the flexible HCGF filter has good repetitive bending stability. This makes this type of filter suitable for future applications in flexible wireless communication.
Exploration of Brachionus sp. Protein on the In Vivo Response of CD4 at Cantang Grouper (Epinephelus sp.) with VNN Infection (Viral Nervous Necrosis)

This study examines the function of Brachionus sp. protein on the Cluster Differentiation-4 (CD4) immune system in cantang grouper infected with VNN. The purpose of this study was to determine the protein content of Brachionus sp. which has the potential as an antivirus and to find out the benefits of Brachionus sp. on the expression of CD4 as an indicator of increased fish body defense system against VNN. Brachionus sp. itself contains three protein bands with molecular weights of 122.73 kDa, 75.49 kDa, and 13.77 kDa, which are expected to increase the immune system against VNN on cantang grouper. Protein injection of Brachionus with doses of 35 µl, 105 µl and 170 µl /150 g cantang grouper, showed that the lowest decrease was at a dose of 105 µl/150 gram cantang groupers.
CENTRAL BANK OF CYPRUS

In this paper we investigate the relationship between housing wealth and consumption in Cyprus. To this end, we employ a vector error correction mechanism to examine interlinkages among house prices, private consumption, disposable income, financial assets and financial liabilities. We find that house prices affect private consumption, particularly in the short term, albeit to a lesser extent than similar studies for other countries. Financial liabilities are found to be important for consumption behaviour, while financial assets of Cypriot households appear to not affect significantly their consumption. Distinguishing consumption between durable and non-durable goods, we find that an increase in house prices boosts consumption of durables, while non-durables are found to register an insignificant effect.
Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica Centre for Mathematics and Computer Science

This paper is concerned with bisimulation relations which do not only require related agents to simulate each others behavior in the direction of the arrows, but also to simulate each other when going back in his tory. First it is demonstrated that the back and forth variant of strong bisimulation leads to the same equivalence as the ordinary notion of strong bisimulation. Then it is shown that the back and forth variant of Milner's observation equivalence is different from (and finer than) observation equivalence. In fact we prove that it coincides with the branching bisimulation equivalence of Van Glabbeek & Weijland. Also the back and forth variants of branching, 11 and delay bisimulation lead to branching bisimulation equivalence. The notion of back and forth bisimulation moreover leads to characterizations of branching bisimulation in terms of abstraction homomorphisms and in terms of Hennessy-Milner logic with backward modalities. In our view these results support the claim that branching bisimulation is a natural and important notion.
Evaluating the benefits of Octree-based indexing for LiDAR data

6 In recent years the geospatial domain has seen a significant increase in the availability of very large three7 dimensional (3D) point datasets. These datasets originate from a variety of sources, such as for example 8 Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) or meteorological weather recordings. Increasingly, a desire 9 within the geospatial community has been expressed to exploit these types of 3D point data in a 10 meaningful engineering context that goes beyond mere visualization. However, current Spatial 11 Information Systems (SISs) provide only limited support for vast 3D point datasets. Even those systems 12 that advertise their support for in-built 3D data types provide very limited functionality to manipulate 13 such data types. In particular, an effective means of indexing large 3D point datasets is yet missing, 14 however it is crucial for effective analysis. Next to the large size of 3D point datasets they may also be 15 information rich, for example they may contain color information or some other associated semantic. This 16 paper presents an alternative spatial indexing technique, which is based on an octree data structure. We 17 show that it outperforms R-tree index, while being able to group 3D points based on their attribute values 18 at the same time. This paper presents an evaluation employing this octree spatial indexing technique and 19 successfully highlights its advantages for sparse as well as uniformly distributed data on the basis of an 20 extensive LiDAR dataset. 21
Orographic cyclogenesis in a saturated atmosphere and intense precipitation: baroclinic modal solutions under the joint action of localized mountains and humidity

In this paper we analyse the nature of orographic cyclogenesis in a saturated atmosphere by means of a simplified model based on the analysis of linear modal solutions.The space structure of fastest growing modal solutions suggests that three different scales of axtratropical atmospheric motion may simultaneously be activated in a single, growing, unstable mode: the orographic modulation of growing baroclinic modes extending, as we know from the classical modal theory of orographic cyclogenesis, from the scale typical of the primary, extra-tropical cyclone to the scale of the secondary, orographic cyclone, is also characterized by the (smaller) scale associated with strong ascending motion in a saturated atmosphere. Since ascending motion can be associated with intense precipitation, this result is important in view of its potential consequences both on the ability to achieve a good forecast of intense precipitation events in the Mediterranean and on the refinement of the theory of orographic cyclogenesis.
Priorities in conflict : livelihood practices, environmental threats, and the conservation of biodiversity in Madagascar.

PRIORITIES IN CONFLICT: LIVELIHOOD PRACTICES, ENVIRONMENTAL THREATS, AND THE CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY IN MADAGASCAR MAY 2003 MICHAEL J. SIMSIK, B.S., UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY M.F. , UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Ed.D. , UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST Directed by: Professor Gretchen B. Rossman Madagascar is one of the richest sites of biodiversity' in the world. During the last two decades, it has been the recipient of large amounts of foreign aid in an effort to halt biodiversity depletion. Despite these efforts, deforestation continues unabated and the conservation activities undertaken to date have been largely ineffective. To better understand the reasons for continued environmental degradation in Madagascar, a political ecology research framework is used to identify different social actor groups vying for access to natural resources and the extent to which their actions influence biodiversity conditions on the island. The application of this framework in a region on the central highlands of Madagascar reveals that local actors (most of whom are subsistence agriculturalists) resent conservation programs that fail to consider them as part of the “biodiversity” that international environmental nongovernmental organizations (lENGOs) are laboring to conserve. Local actors are frustrated by state-sponsored conservation programs that simultaneously victimize and penalize them by taking away traditional lands and then giving them “protected area” status. At the same time, elite and extralocal interests (e.g., politicians, businessmen), in collaboration with government civil servants, exert their power and influence to mine state resources for their personal benefit. It is this inequality in power and influence that permits extralocal actors to continue the pillaging of state resources without any accountability, as IENGOs and their donors willfully turn a blind eye to these activities. I his
Adaptive Importance Caching for Many-Light Rendering.

Importance sampling of virtual point lights (VPLs) is an efficient method for computing global illumination. The key to importance sampling is to construct the probability function, which is used to sample the VPLs, such that it is proportional to the distribution of contributions from all the VPLs. Importance caching records the contributions of all the VPLs at sparsely distributed cache points on the surfaces and the probability function is calculated by interpolating the cached data. Importance caching, however, distributes cache points randomly, which makes it difficult to obtain probability functions proportional to the contributions of VPLs where the variation in the VPL contribution at nearby cache points is large. This paper proposes an adaptive cache insertion method for VPL sampling. Our method exploits the spatial and directional correlations of shading points and surface normals to enhance the proportionality. The method detects cache points that have large variations in their contribution from VPLs and inserts additional cache points with a small overhead. In equal-time comparisons including cache point generation and rendering, we demonstrate that the images rendered with our method are less noisy compared to importance caching.