Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship between nurses' performance and their demographic characteristics

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of nurses' sociodemographic factors, such as age, gender, level of education, years of experience, time shift, and marital status on their performance. Methodology: A descriptive (correlational) research design was used. This study was conducted in Najaf city hospitals conducted between The study has been conducted between 8 August 2022 and 27 July 2023. A non-probability (convenience) technique was used to collect data. The study subjects included (350) staff nurses working in all units of selected hospitals. Results: results of the current study indicate that there is a non-significant relationship between the overall assessment of Performance and nurses' demographic data. Conclusion: The study shows there is not a statistically significant relationship between nurses' socio-demographic data and their performance.
Congratulation! A Case Study of Social Media Users in Jordan

The current study aims at investigating congratulation methods by Jordanian users of social media. The study also investigates the influence of culture on speech acts of congratulation. The researchers compiled a corpus consisting of (400) messages and comments from two major social media, Facebook and WhatsApp. The data were obtained from friends' and relatives' comments regarding four occasions: religious events, graduation from (school/ university), having a baby, and getting married. They were decoded and analyzed according to Elwood’s (2004) proposed taxonomy of congratulation strategies. The quantitative and qualitative approaches were employed in analyzing the data. The results of the study showed that the most frequently used strategies of congratulation were illocutionary force indicating device (IFID), the offer of good wishes, and expression of happiness combined with using the word “Allah” (God) and prayer for the benefit of the addressee due to cultural and religious background. Culture played a significant role in the results where the religious factor was evident in the majority of employed IFID.
La simulation in situ en médecine d’urgence : mise au point 2023 et guide pratique à l’égard des futurs formateurs

La simulation in situ est une simulation qui " se déroule dans le cadre ou l'environnement habituel de prise en charge des patients, avec pour objectif d'atteindre un haut niveau de fidélité et de réalisme ". En médecine d'urgence, elle offre aux équipes soignantes la possibilité de s'entraîner dans leur environnement clinique et d'identifier leurs axes de progression aux niveaux individuels, collectifs et systémiques, tout en travaillant en interprofessionnalité. Elle permet également d'identifier les menaces potentielles d'un système, de tester de futures organisations et d'évaluer le travail des professionnels de santé. Son utilisation requiert une mise en place spécifique qui débute par l'identification de personnes ressources dans les domaines cliniques, de la formation et administratifs, puis par l'identification d'objectifs pédagogiques et de créneaux adaptés afin de préserver la sécurité des patients. La sécurité psychologique des participants est assurée grâce à l'implication d'enseignants formés à la simulation, mais également par une organisation qui tient compte des particularités de la médecine d'urgence. Enfin, son utilisation requiert des capacités d'adaptation et de flexibilité de la part des apprenants et des formateurs. Sa mise en place dans les services d'urgences ne doit pas compromettre la sécurité des soins et doit ainsi suivre des critères de précaution à respecter pour éviter tout risque pour le patient. Son efficacité pour les patients reste toujours à démontrer, mais elle permet néanmoins un transfert d'apprentissage pertinent, un réalisme apprécié des participants et la réflexion autour d'éléments systémiques, ce qui n'est pas toujours possible dans un centre de simulation.
Nov 05, 2020 The Arctic Ocean Observation Operator for 6.9 GHz (ARC3O)-Part 1: How to obtain sea ice brightness temperatures at 6.9 GHz from

We explore the feasibility of an observation operator producing passive microwave brightness temperatures for sea ice at a frequency of 6.9 GHz. We investigate the inﬂuence of simplifying assumptions for the representation of sea ice vertical properties on the simulation of microwave brightness temperatures. We do so in a one-dimensional setup, using a complex 1D thermodynamic sea ice model and a 1D microwave emission model. We ﬁnd that realistic brightness temperatures can be simulated in cold conditions from a simpliﬁed linear temperature proﬁle and a simpliﬁed salinity proﬁle as a function of depth in the ice. These realistic brightness temperatures can be obtained based on proﬁles interpolated to as few as ﬁve layers. Most of the uncertainty resulting from the simpliﬁcations is introduced by the simpliﬁcation of the salinity proﬁles. In warm conditions, the simpliﬁed salinity proﬁles lead to brine volume fractions that are too high
Usage of End-to-End Machine Learning for Self-Driving Vehicle Användning av end-to-end maskininlärning för självkörande

This thesis is about the usage of a machine learning model for self-driving vehicles running on a small mobile computing unit, in this case, a smartphone. We use NVIDIA’s PilotNet model which is a simple feed-forward machine learning model for steering a vehicle. Their testing is conducted on a real-world vehicle and the model is used for lane keeping. Instead, we’ve adopted to be able to drive around an oval track that has no lane marking. The primary goal was to be able to run the model on a smartphone and this was a simple task as we’ve seen that the inference time is small enough that it can run at 30 FPS. As of now the model only generate a good steering output in the testing phase with prerecorded data and was only able to complete a corner on one side of the track.
Lower Bounds on Streaming Algorithms for Approximating the Length of the Longest Increasing Subsequence

We show that any deterministic data-stream algorithm that, makes a constant number of passes over the input and gives a constant, factor approximation of the length of the longest increasing subsequence in a sequence of length n must use space Omega(radicn). This proves a conjecture made by Gopalan, Jayram, Krauthgamer and Kumar |10| who proved a matching upper bound. Our results yield asymptotically tight tower bounds for all approximation factors, thus resolving the main open problem, from their paper. Our proof is based on analyzing a related communication problem and proving a direct sum type property for it.
Soil Slips Related to Vegetation, Topography, and Soil in Southern California

Soil slippage, a form of shallow mass soil movement, was studied on the San Dimas Experimental Forest in southern California after several large storms in 1965 and 1966. The three-part study consisted of analyzing topographic data from 200 random points measured photogrammetrically; measuring soil texture, soil depth, wettability of surface soil, and hydraulic conductivity of slip surface on slipped and stable sites; and mapping and analyzing soil slips to assess the effects of watershed variables. All slips occurred on slopes greater than 80%. The ocurrence of slips was inversely related to the size and density of vegetation. In brush areas, northerly aspects were more stable than southerly ones. Conversion from brush to grass on the experimental forest may have resulted in an additional 135 m3/ha of soil slip erosion during the winter of 1965–1966.
Effect of Salinity-Changing Rates on Filtration Activity of Mussels from Two Sites within the Baltic Mytilus Hybrid Zone: The Brackish Great Belt (Denmark) and the Low Saline Central Baltic Sea

Mussels from two sites within the Baltic mussel (Mytilus edulis × M. trossulus) hybrid zone were used in a comparative study on the effects of salinity-changing rates on filtration activity. The acute effect of varying salinity-changing rates was found to be similar in M. edulis from the brackish Great Belt and in M. trossulus from the low saline Central Baltic Sea, and the relationships could be described by linear regression lines through 0.0 indicating that the acute effect of deteriorating conditions at decreasing salinities is the opposite as for improving conditions when the salinity is subsequently increased. Further, both M. edulis and M. trossulus acclimatized to 20 psu reacted to an acute salinity change to 6.5 psu by immediately closing their valves whereupon the filtration rate gradually increased during the following days, but only M. trossulus had completely acclimatized to 6.5 psu within 5 days which may be explained by different genotypes of M. edulis and M. trossulus which probably reflected an evolutionary adaptation of the latter to survive in the stable low-salinity Baltic Sea.
Phylogeography of Ordovician–Silurian rhynchonelliformean brachiopods: tracking higher order distributional patterns, radiations and extinctions in 4D

Based on a large data-set, spanning the Ordovician–Early Silurian (Telychian) interval, this study explores the phylogeographic distributional pattern for higher orders of rhynchonelliformean brachiopods through four time slices: Tremadocian, Dapingian–Darriwilian, Katian and Telychian. In addition, a palaeobathymetrical analysis has been conducted for the latter two time slices to assess the phylogenetic impact of the Late Ordovician mass extinctions at various palaeowater depths. Whereas the Tremadocian time slice exhibits phylogenetically simple regions characterized by orthide and porambonitoid taxa, these increase in complexity up through the Ordovician and become dominated by the strophomenides. By the Silurian this phylogentic composition shifted once more to atrypide- and pentameride-dominated faunas.
Credit Cards, Race and Entrepreneurship

This paper examines the impact of financial deregulation on entrepreneurship. We assess the impact of credit card deregulation on transitions into self-employment using state-level removal of credit card interest rate ceilings following the US Supreme Court’s 1978 Marquette decision as a quasi-natural experiment. We find that credit card deregulation increases the probability of entrepreneurial entry, with a particularly strong effect for black entrepreneurs. We demonstrate that these effects are magnified in states with a history of racial discrimination and link the results to discrimination-based barriers to entry.
Ochratoxin A contamination of the casing and the edible portion of artisan salamis produced in two Italian regions

The purpose of this study was to provide data on the presence of ochratoxin A (OTA) in artisan salamis produced in the Campania and Marche regions (Italy). For this aim, 96 different salamis were purchased from farms and small salami factories. Analysis were carried out firstly on the casings of all samples, and in a second step, in the outer and inner edible parts of those samples whose casings were found positive for OTA at concentration levels above the Italian guideline value established for OTA in pork meat (1 µg/kg). The analytical method, based on a sample preparation procedure with immunoaffinity columns, together with analysis by LC-MS/MS, has guaranteed average recoveries between 79.4 and 89.0%, limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of 0.10 and 0.25 µg/kg, respectively. OTA was detected in 25.0% of the analysed casings (24 samples) at concentration ranging from 0.25 to 98.52 µg/kg. Ten of these samples were from the same production plant in which an additional sampling was carried out, and where a problem of environmental contamination by ochratoxigenic moulds probably exists. The edible parts were mostly uncontaminated, except in 3 samples, 2 of which showed OTA contamination levels above 1 µg/ kg. The presence of OTA on the casing does not seem to be cause for alarm about the safety of this type of product but it should in any case be monitored. Before slicing the meat for consumption, it is always good practice to peel the casing even if reported as edible on salami label.
Application of carbon isotope chemostratigraphy to the Renison dolomites, Tasmania: a Neoproterozoic age

This study uses carbon isotope chemostratigraphy to propose an age for the Success Creek Group and Crimson Creek Formation in the absence of any direct radiometric dates, palaeomagnetic or reliable palaeontological data. The δ13C values were determined for the least‐altered dolomite samples. Suitable samples were selected on the basis of grainsize, cathodoluminescence petrography, most enriched δ18O values (> ‐2%o) low Mn/Sr ratios and low Fe and Mn concentrations. The average least‐altered, most 13C‐enriched dolomicrite samples in the youngest (No. 1) dolomite horizon are + 4.6%o. This is typical of Neoproterozoic (but not Cambrian) carbonates. The δ13C values of all dolomite samples in the succession are significantly positive (up to + 7.5%o) and the excursion characteristic of the Proterozoic/Cambrian boundary has not been observed. The lack of negative δ13C values in all dolomite samples studied also suggests an absence of correlatives of Sturtian and Varanger tillites in the dolomite successions. The.
Discovering Hierarchical Achievements in Reinforcement Learning via Contrastive Learning

Discovering achievements with a hierarchical structure in procedurally generated environments presents a significant challenge. This requires an agent to possess a broad range of abilities, including generalization and long-term reasoning. Many prior methods have been built upon model-based or hierarchical approaches, with the belief that an explicit module for long-term planning would be advantageous for learning hierarchical dependencies. However, these methods demand an excessive number of environment interactions or large model sizes, limiting their practicality. In this work, we demonstrate that proximal policy optimization (PPO), a simple yet versatile model-free algorithm, outperforms previous methods when optimized with recent implementation practices. Moreover, we find that the PPO agent can predict the next achievement to be unlocked to some extent, albeit with limited confidence. Based on this observation, we introduce a novel contrastive learning method, called achievement distillation, which strengthens the agent's ability to predict the next achievement. Our method exhibits a strong capacity for discovering hierarchical achievements and shows state-of-the-art performance on the challenging Crafter environment in a sample-efficient manner while utilizing fewer model parameters.
Increasing frequency, intensity and duration of observed global heatwaves and warm spells

Using the latest HadGHCND daily temperature dataset, global trends in observed summertime heatwaves and annually calculated warm spells for 1950–2011 are analysed via a multi‐index, multi‐aspect framework. Three indices that separately focus on maximum temperature (TX90pct), minimum temperature (TN90pct) and average temperature (EHF) were studied with respect to five characteristics of event intensity, frequency and duration. Despite which index is employed, increases in heatwave/warm spell intensity, frequency and duration are found. Furthermore, TX90pct and TN90pct trends are larger and exhibit more significance for warm spells, implying that non‐summer events are driving annual trends over some regions. Larger increases in TN90pct aspects relative to EHF and TX90pct are also observed. While qualitative information on event trends is similar across the indices, quantitative values vary. This result highlights the importance of employing the most appropriate index when assessing the impact of sustained extreme temperature events.
Challenges and Opportunities of Dual-Layer MOOCs: Reflections from an edX Deployment Study

This interactive event is meant to engage the CSCL community in brainstorming about what affordances in MOOCs would enable application of and research extending theories and best practices from our field. To provide a concrete focus as a foundation for this discussion, we present the innovative design of a recent edX MOOC entitled Data, Analytics, and Learning (DALMOOC). We have integrated several innovative forms of support for discussion based learning, social learning, and self-regulated learning. In particular, we have integrated a layer referred to as ProSolo, which supports social learning and self-directed learning. In further support of self-directed learning, intelligent tutor style exercises have been integrated, which offer immediate feedback and hints to students. We have integrated a social recommendation approach to support effective help seeking in the threaded discussion forums as well as collaborative reflections in the form of synchronous chat exercises facilitated by software agents. The event will include an overview, offering the opportunity for active engagement in the MOOC, structured brainstorming, and interactive, whole group feedback.
University of Birmingham Property rights, deregulation and entrepreneurial development in a transition economy

This article investigates the relative roles of formal property rights institutions versus deregulated markets in entrepreneurial development, based on China’s market transition. Empirically, it is not yet known which set of institutions matters more for entrepreneurship, particularly in the long run, despite the existence of well-established theoretical arguments for each. Using provincial-level panel data from China’s transition economy, this study has the following findings: On average, both formal protection of property rights and deregulated markets have positive effects on entrepreneurial development; yet, as market transition progresses, the effect of formal protection of property rights increases, while that of deregulated markets decreases. These results are robust to both multiple model specifications and an endogeneity test using an instrumental variable approach. Overall, therefore, while both sets of institutions indeed play positive roles in entrepreneurial development, property rights institutions may be more fundamental in the long run.
PR ] 1 3 N ov 2 01 9 Stein operators , kernels and discrepancies for multivariate continuous distributions

We present a general framework for setting up Stein’s method for multivariate continuous distributions. The approach gives a collection of Stein characterizations, among which we highlight score-Stein operators and kernel-Stein operators. Applications include copulas and distance between posterior distributions. We give a general explicit construction for Stein kernels for elliptical distributions and discuss Stein kernels in generality, highlighting connections with Fisher information and mass transport. Finally, a goodness-of-fit test based on Stein discrepancies is given. MSC 2010 classification: 60B10, 60B12
Changes in cloud and aerosol cover (1980–2006) from reflectivity time series using SeaWiFS, N7‐TOMS, EP‐TOMS, SBUV‐2, and OMI radiance data

The amount of solar radiation reflected back to space or reaching the Earth's surface is primarily governed by the amount of cloud cover and, to a much lesser extent, by Rayleigh scattering, aerosols, and various absorbing gases (e.g., O3, NO2, H2O). A useful measure of the effect of cloud plus aerosol cover is given by the amount that the 331 nm Lambert Equivalent Reflectivity (LER) of a scene exceeds the surface reflectivity for snow/ice‐free scenes after Rayleigh scattering has been removed. Twenty‐eight years of reflectivity data are available by overlapping data from several satellites: N7 (Nimbus 7, TOMS; 331 nm) from 1979 to 1992, SBUV‐2 series (Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet, NOAA; 331 nm) 1985 to 2007, EP (Earth‐Probe, TOMS; 331 nm) 1997 to 2006, SW (SeaWiFS; 412 nm) 1998 to 2006, and OMI (Ozone Measuring Instrument; 331 nm) 2004–2007. Only N7 and SW have a sufficiently long data record, Sun‐synchronous orbits, and are adequately calibrated for long‐term reflectivity trend estimation. Reflectivity data derived from these instruments and the SBUV‐2 series are compared during the overlapping years. Key issues in determining long‐term reflectivity changes that have occurred during the N7 and SW operating periods are discussed. The largest reflectivity changes in the 412 nm SW LER and 331 nm EP LER are found to occur near the equator and are associated with a large El Nino‐Southern Oscillation event. Most other changes that have occurred are regional, such as the apparent cloud decrease over northern Europe since 1998. The fractional occurrence (fraction of days) of high reflectivity values over Hudson Bay, Canada (snow/ice and clouds) appears to have decreased when comparing reflectivity data from 1980 to 1992 to 1997–2006, suggesting shorter duration of ice in Hudson Bay since 1980.
Development of Alarm Prediction System for Monitoring Steam Turbine Based on SCADA Data

A steam turbine is a critical machinery in power plants for generating a driving force of a generator. The high reliability of the turbine is a must to guarantee the availability of power plant in producing electricity. Therefore, a turbine condition monitoring (CM) system is needed to access real conditions and the health state of such equipment. Even though many CM systems have been developed, however, the current system was set up manually based on a determined threshold that was adopted from standard or best practice. The CM system that automatically generates the true alarm based on the performance of the generator is still rare. In this paper, an automated alarm system that uses the power output of a generator as a reference has been developed. The data for developing the alarm system is vibration data acquired by the SCADA system that is a very famous data acquisition system used in the industry. Furthermore, the method of developing such an alarm system is machine learning (ML) through a long short-term memory (LSTM) network. Validation of the proposed method has been conducted using a real system of SCADA data for training the LSTM. The trained LSTM is then used to generate an alarm system based on predicted data for turbine condition monitoring. The results show that the alarm generation and prediction give a plausible performance measured by RMSE.
Short‐course vs long‐course antibiotic treatment for community‐acquired pneumonia: A literature review

BACKGROUND It is well known that antibiotic use is the main driver for the increasing problems with resistant bacteria. Consequently, some countries have recommended shortening the duration of antibiotic treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The aim of this study was to investigate whether the effectiveness of a short-course antibiotic is comparable to a longer course of antibiotics in adults with CAP and to assess whether the duration of an antibiotic course influences the development of resistant bacteria. METHODS A literature search was performed in PubMed and EMBASE. We included randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) comparing clinical success, microbiological efficacy, patient safety and antibiotic resistance in a short-course (5 days) vs a long-course antibiotic treatment (7+ days) for CAP. RESULTS Six RCTs were included. Clinical success rates were 87%-95% in patients treated with short-course antibiotics and 88%-94% in patients treated with a longer course. Eradication of pathogenic bacteria was found to be 100% and 95%-100% in patients treated with short-course and long-course antibiotics, respectively. No significant differences in adverse events were reported. However, none of the trials reported on the impact on the development of resistant bacteria. CONCLUSION Only few trials were included in this review and more RCTs are highly needed to be able to provide solid evidence for optimal treatment durations for patients diagnosed with CAP. Importantly, fluoroquinolones were often the drug of choice, and trials testing beta-lactam antibiotics, which are the type of antibiotics most often used in many European countries, should be aimed for in near future.