Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Single-Step Subranging Relaxation Oscillator-Based Open-Loop Sigma-Delta ADC

This paper presents a novel subranging Sigma-Delta ADC using a relaxation Current-Controlled Oscillator (ICO). The instantaneous frequency of the ICO at the sampling instant determines its time resolution and hence its quantization error, while its average frequency determines its power dissipation. Therefore, running the ICO at nominally lower frequency for most of the sampling period while increasing its frequency close to the sampling instant achieves high resolution and low power consumption. This idea is similar to the strategy employed by athletes in a race where they speed-up close to the finish line to gain a clear lead from others. A prototype ADC is designed and fabricated in TSMC 180nm CMOS technology. It achieves an ENOB of 11.9 bits consuming $10~\mu \text{W}$ of power from a 1.8V supply and occupies an active area of 0.06 mm 2, which corresponds to a Schreier FoM of 156.8 dB and a Walden FoM of 625 fJ/conversion cycle.
The origin of increase of damping in transition metals with rare earth impurities

The damping due to rare earth impurities in transition metals is discussed in the low concentration limit. It is shown that the increase in damping is mainly due to the coupling of the orbital moments of the rare earth impurities and the conduction $p$-electrons. It is shown that an itinerant picture for the host transition ions is needed to reproduce the observed dependence of the damping on the total angular moment of the rare earths.
Analysis and Development Technique of a Fully 3-D-Printed Differential Capacitive Anemometric Sensor

Current developments in the field of 3-D printing have employed embedded electronics, in order to implement innovative devices and sensors. In this work, we present the analysis, fabrication, and experimental results of a novel, fully 3-D printable differential capacitive anemometric sensor for low-power applications. The system exploits a multimaterial fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology to print standard polylactic acid (PLA) filament as well as electrically conductive filament, employed to implement a differential capacitive air pressure sensor, embedded in a printed spherical structure, able to measure the wind speed. A theoretical analysis for the mechanical structure design, focusing on the 3-D printed bending behavior, as well as for fluid dynamics of the sensor and the electronic circuitry design has been conducted. Simulations and measurements of the fabricated prototype have demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed wind sensor. Differential capacitive variations have been observed by applying constant airflow through the sensor, showing a good agreement with the simulated behavior.
Non-Backflow-Power and Reduced-Switching-Loss Modulation for Bidirectional Series Resonant Converter With Wide Gain Range

In the achievement of high power efficiency over a wide gain range for a bidirectional series resonant converter (BSRC), conduction losses caused by backflow power and switching losses are two challenges. In this article, a novel modulation of the BSRC is proposed for a wide voltage gain range and high efficiency as well. With the proposed modulation, the BSRC can operate in both buck- and boost-like modes for a wide gain range. The resonant current is in phase with the terminal voltage on both primary and secondary sides, to eliminate the backflow power for the reduction of conduction losses. Hard turn-off problem is alleviated with a resonant current fully released before the completion of the switching cycle. Thus, the number of hard switching actions is significantly reduced compared with existing modulation schemes in the literature. A control scheme based on state-flowchart is also proposed to realize seamless transition among different working modes. To validate the proposed modulation, a 1 kVA prototype of BSRC is developed and interfaces a high-voltage bus ranging from 240 to 480 V and a low-voltage bus ranging from 24 to 56 V. Compared with conventional modulation schemes, efficiency enhancement can be observed over the whole operating range.
Determinants of tumor treating field usage in patients with primary glioblastoma: A single institutional experience

Abstract Background Determinates of tumor treating fields (TTFields) usage in patients receiving combined modality therapy for primary IDH wild-type glioblastoma are currently unknown. Methods Ninety-one patients underwent maximal debulking surgical resection, completed external beam radiotherapy with concurrent Temozolomide (TMZ), and initiated adjuvant TMZ with or without TTFields. We performed a retrospective analysis of patient, tumor, and treatment-related factors that affected TTFields usage. Results We identified three TTFields usage subgroups: 32 patients that declined TTFields, 40 patients that started, but had monthly compliance of less than 75% or used it for less than 2 months, and 19 patients who used TTFields for 2 or more months and maintained average monthly compliance greater than 75%. With 26.5 months median follow-up for surviving patients, the 1- and 3-year actuarial overall survival for all patients was 80% and 18%, respectively. On multivariate analysis TTFields use (P = .03), extent of surgical resection (P = 0.02), and MGMT methylation status (P = .01) were significantly associated with overall survival. TTFields usage was explored as a continuous variable and higher average usage was associated with longer overall survival (P = .03). There was no relationship between patient, tumor, or treatment-related factors and a patient’s decision to use TTFields. Conclusions No subgroup of patients was more or less likely to initiate TTFields therapy and no subgroup was more or less likely to use TTFields as prescribed. The degree of TTFields compliance may be associated with improved survival independent of other factors.
A Study on Ergonomic Layout of Automotive Electronic Shift Buttons

Automotive gear shifters are among the most important control devices in driving tasks, and their user-centered design has a direct impact on the driving performance and safety. In recent years, shift-by-wire systems with electronic shift buttons have replaced conventional transmission systems due to their advantages, such as the ease of shifting and space utilization inside vehicles. However, there are no minimum requirements or specific regulations for electronic shift button layouts. Thus, different car manufacturers and models have adopted different layouts, and this in turn has induced the risk of driver confusion/error in the shifting operation. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the ergonomic performance of different electronic shift button layouts and examine the variance in performance depending on driving experience. Here, 21 survey respondents with different levels of driving experience subjectively evaluated 12 different shift button layouts for 7 ergonomic evaluation measures (accuracy, convenience, rapidity, learnability, intuitiveness, safety, and preference). The outcomes of the study elucidate ergonomic layouts that receive high rankings in each driving experience group (all, novice, and experienced drivers) and principles that should be considered when designing shift button layouts for each group. These findings are expected to contribute to the ergonomic design and international standardization of shift button layouts, thereby preventing driver confusion/errors and improving road safety.
Declarative Continuations and Categorical Duality

This thesis presents a formalism for reasoning about continuations in a categorical setting. It points out how values and continuations can be seen as categorically dual concepts, and that this symmetry extends to not only data types, but also control structures, evaluation strategies and higher-order constructs. The central idea is a view of continuations as a declarative concept, rather than an imperative one, and the implications of this make up the spine of the presentation. A symmetrical extension of the typed-calculus is introduced, where values and continuations are treated as opposites, permitting a mirror-image syntax for dual categorical concepts like products and coproducts. An implementable semantic description and a static type system for this calculus are given. A purely categorical description of the language is also obtained, through a correspondence with a system of combinatory logic, similar to a cartesian closed category, but with a completely symmetrical set of axioms. Finally, a number of possible practical applications and directions for further research are suggested. Its aim is to bring together two important descriptive formalisms: category theory and continuation semantics. The former is a very abstract mathematical framework for discussing (among others) functions between structured sets; the latter was introduced mainly for handling`goto's in programming languages. It would seem that these two subjects had little in common. Yet the present work shows that continuations can not only be forced into a categorical setting (almost everything can), but that they t in strikingly well, modeling the central categorical concept of duality, a precise formulation of \oppositeness". This thesis was written under the supervision of Dr. Olivier Danvy, who also introduced me to the strange and fascinating world of continuations. His constant encouragement and feedback proved invaluable, and on numerous occasions his initial intuition about a subject turned out to be absolutely correct after lots of hard work on my part. I am deeply grateful for his support, without which this thesis would probably not have been. Special thanks also go to Prof. Neil D. Jones, whose course on category theory made me \see the light" of this simple yet powerful framework. He pointed out a number of mathematical weaknesses in the early versions of this work, and provided many helpful suggestions at the later stages. I also greatly appreciate the deep comments and ideas from A shorter version of this work will appear in Filinski 89]. It covers much of the material …
Attenuation-Corrected Estimators of Reliability

The estimates of reliability are usually attenuated and deflated because the item–score correlation ( ρ g X , Rit) embedded in the most widely used estimators is affected by several sources of mechanical error in the estimation. Empirical examples show that, in some types of datasets, the estimates by traditional alpha may be deflated by 0.40–0.60 units of reliability and those by maximal reliability by 0.40 units of reliability. This article proposes a new kind of estimator of correlation: attenuation-corrected correlation (R AC ): the proportion of observed correlation with the maximal possible correlation reachable by the given item and score. By replacing ρ g X with R AC in known formulas of estimators of reliability, we get attenuation-corrected alpha, theta, omega, and maximal reliability which all belong to a family of so-called deflation-corrected estimators of reliability.
Research on the Teaching Strategies of Senior High School English Continuous Writing Task

: Considering the poor quality of English teaching in China, many domestic experts and scholars have spared no effort to explore effective teaching methods for foreign language teaching. The continuous writing task proposed by Wang Chuming in 2012 has been confirmed by a large number of experts and scholars from the theoretical and practical aspects of its excellent learning-promoting effect. In order to improve the quality of English teaching in our country, continuous writing task has gradually been adopted in the English writing questions of the New college entrance examination in various provinces. However, the new writing question type puts forward higher writing requirements for students' writing ability, thus this new writing question type is a new challenge for students. There are a series of problems in the students' continuous writing task, such as deviant theme and inconsistent continuous content with the given material gist; simple, bland and illogical continuous writing plots; improper use of vocabulary and grammar and confusing language expression, etc. In order to enhance students' continuous writing task performance, the author proposes three effective teaching strategies: firstly, analyse the original text carefully and focus on synergy with the original text and the coherence of the whole text; secondly, excavate the original text to enrich language expression; thirdly, pay attention to multiple evaluation methods to form a multidimensional interactive evaluation mode.
Calculation of Turbulent Expansion Processes

On the basis of certain formulas recently established by L. Prandtl for the turbulent interchange of momentum in stationary flows, various cases of "free turbulence" - that is, of flows without boundary walls - are treated in the present report. Prandtl puts the apparent shearing stress introduced by the turbulent momentum interchange. This present report deals first with the mixing of an air stream of uniform velocity with the adjacent still air, than with the expansion or diffusion of an air jet in the surrounding air space.
Nodal Discontinuous Galerkin Methods: Algorithms, Analysis, and Applications

The text offers an introduction to the key ideas, basic analysis, and efficient implementation of discontinuous Galerkin finite element methods (DG-FEM) for the solution of partial differential equations. All key theoretical results are either derived or discussed, including an overview of relevant results from approximation theory, convergence theory for numerical PDEs, orthogonal polynomials etc. Through embedded Matlab codes, the algorithms are discussed and implemented for a number of classic systems of PDEs, e.g., Maxwells equations, Euler equations, incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, and Poisson- and Helmholtz equations. These developments are done in detail inone and two dimensions on general unstructured grids with high-order elements and all essential routines for 3D extensions are also included and discussed briefly. The three appendices contain an overview of orthogonal polynomials and associated library routines used throughout, a brief introduction to grid generation, and an overview of the associated software (where to get it, list of variables etc). A variety of exercises are included at the end of most chapters.
The Effect of Education Using PowerPoint on Students' Knowledge Regarding Self-Medication of Common Cold Drugs

Self-medication is a treatment that is carried out independently without getting advice from a doctor. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of education using PowerPoint slides on students’ knowledge about self-medication of common cold medicines at the Luhur Islamic Boarding School in Malang City. This was preexperimental research with a one group pre-test post-test design. 68 students were recruited through non-probability purposive sampling. A questionnaire was given pre-test and post-test and the data were analyzed by univariate and bivariate analysis. Bivariate analysis was conducted using the Wilcoxon test. Based on the results, it could be concluded that there was a significant influence of education on the knowledge of the students of the Malang City Luhur Islamic Boarding School about self-medication of common cold medicines. Keywords: common cold, education, PowerPoint slide, knowledge level
What Drives Commercial Poaching?: From Poverty to Economic What Drives Commercial Poaching?: From Poverty to Economic Inequality Inequality

Over the last decade, South Africa and its iconic Kruger National Park have experienced a steep increase in the killing of rhinoceros for its horn, which is reaching staggering prices largely in Asian markets. This is a key piece of the larger illegal wildlife trade (IWT). Drawing on fieldwork in the Mozambican borderlands adjacent to Kruger where many poaching recruits originate, we respond to calls for better understanding of the drivers of IWT and in particular links between poverty and poaching. Our analysis shows that economic factors including poverty are the most central drivers of rhino poaching on the ground-level and that, rather than mere poverty per se, they are better captured in the concept of economic inequality . We additionally provide methodological insights into conducting research in the sensitive context of IWT and enable readers to hear directly from members of communities involved in the trade as they offer socially-contextualized understandings of these drivers. Three IWT policy recommendations emerge from our findings: (1) Responses must be multifaceted and include reducing user-end demand. (2) Conservation practitioners should support community-based responses, including poverty reduction, especially over heavy-handed, increasingly militarized responses. And (3) community-based approaches must be part of broader efforts aimed at targeting economic inequality at a deeper structural level that include but extend beyond conservation and conservation-development frameworks.
Apprising Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Cutaneous Melanoma—Persistent Updating

The incidence of melanoma, a very aggressive skin cancer, has increased over the past few decades. Although there are well-established clinical, dermoscopic and histopathological criteria, the diagnosis is often performed late, which has important implications on the patient’s clinical outcome. Unfortunately, melanoma is one of the most challenging tumors to diagnose because it is a heterogeneous neoplasm at the clinical, histopathological, and molecular level. The use of reliable biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression is becoming a standard of care in modern medicine. In this review, we discuss the latest studies, which highlight findings from the genomics, epitranscriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics areas, pointing out different genes, molecules and cells as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in cutaneous melanoma.
Pulse Signal Analysis Based on Deep Learning Network

Pulse signal is one of the most important physiological features of human body, which is caused by the cyclical contraction and diastole. It has great research value and broad application prospect in the detection of physiological parameters, the development of medical equipment, and the study of cardiovascular diseases and pulse diagnosis objective. In recent years, with the development of the sensor, measuring and saving of pulse signal has become very convenient. Now the pulse signal feature analysis is a hotspot and difficulty in the signal processing field. Therefore, to realize pulse signal automatic analysis and recognition is vital significance in the aspects of the noninvasive diagnosis and remote monitoring, etc. In this article, we combined the pulse signal feature extraction in time and frequency domain and convolution neural network to analyze the pulse signal. Firstly, a theory of wavelet transform and the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) which is gradually developed in recent years have been used to remove the noises in the pulse signal. Moreover, a method of feature point detection based on differential threshold method is proposed which realized the accurate positioning and extraction time-domain values. Finally, a deep learning method based on one-dimensional CNN has been utilized to make the classification of multiple pulse signals in the article. In conclusion, a deep learning method is proposed for the pulse signal classification combined with the feature extraction in time and frequency domain in this article.
Crosstalk and transitions between multiple spatial maps in an attractor neural network model of the hippocampus: Dynamics within one map (II)

The dynamics of a neural model for hippocampal place cells storing spatial maps is studied. In the absence of external input, depending on the number of cells and on the values of control parameters (number of environments stored, level of neural noise, average level of activity, connectivity of place cells), a 'clump' of spatially-localized activity can diffuse, or remains pinned due to crosstalk between the environments. In the single-environment case, the macroscopic coefficient of diffusion of the clump is calculated analytically from first principles, and corroborated by numerical simulations. In the multi-environment case the heights and the widths of the pinning barriers are analytically characterized with the replica method. Possible mechanisms enhancing mobility are proposed, and tested.
Policy Optimization Strategy of S&T Achievement Transformation from Stakeholder Perspective

At present, China has built an independent transformation mechanism of scientific and technological achievements. Although each subject has a strong desire to transform scientific and technological achievements, how to promote the operation of the transformation mechanism of scientific and technological achievements is particularly critical.This paper analyzes the needs of each subject in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements from the perspective of stakeholders, and according to the actual situation from scientific research institutions, enterprises, governments and relevant departments, financial institutions, policy optimization strategies, in order to provide countermeasures for improving the efficiency of scientific and technological achievements transformation.
Analysis of Percentage and Rating Scale Data

To many people, the subject of percentages is fraught with mystery, confusion, and paradox. A bank advertises that its interest rate on savings accounts is 10% higher than other banks in town which pay only 5%. Some investors are disappointed to learn that this new rate is not 15% but 5.5%. A farmer had a bad season and his potato yield decreased by 50% less than the year before. He figured that if he could increase his yield the next year by 50% he’d be back where he started. Was he right?
Automorphy of $m$-fold tensor products of GL(2)

We prove that for any m > 1 given any m-tuple of Hecke eigenforms $f_i$ of level 1 whose weights satisfy the usual regularity condition there is a self-dual cuspidal automorphic form $\pi$ of $\GL_{2^m}(\Q)$ corresponding to their tensor product, i.e., such that the system of Galois representations attached to $\pi$ agrees with the tensor product of the ones attached to the cuspforms $f_i$.
Analytical solutions of orientation aggregation models, multiple solutions and path following with the Adomian decomposition method

In this work we apply the Adomian decomposition method to an orientation aggregation problem modelling the time distribution of filaments. We find analytical solutions under certain specific criteria and programmatically implement the Adomian method to two variants of the orientation aggregation model. We extend the utility of the Adomian decomposition method beyond its original capability to enable it to converge to more than one solution of a nonlinear problem and further to be used as a corrector in path following bifurcation problems.