Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
University of Dundee Seasonal regulation of petal number McKim

Four petals characterize the flowers of most species in the Brassicaceae family and this phenotype is generally robust to genetic and environmental variation. A variable petal number distinguishes the flowers of Cardamine hirsuta from those of its close relative Arabidopsis thaliana, and allelic variation at many loci contribute to this trait. However, it is less clear whether C. hirsuta petal number varies in response to seasonal changes in environment. To address this question, we assessed whether petal number responds to a suite of environmental and endogenous cues that regulate flowering time in C. hirsuta. We found that petal number showed seasonal variation in C. hirsuta such that spring flowering plants developed more petals than those flowering in summer. Conditions associated with spring flowering, including cool ambient temperature, short photoperiod and vernalisation, all increased petal number in C. hirsuta. Cool temperature caused the strongest increase in petal number, and lengthened the time interval over which floral meristems matured. We performed live imaging of early flower development and showed that floral meristems developed more slowly at 15°C versus 20°C. This extended phase of meristemgrowth, coupled with slower growth of sepals at 15°C, produced larger inter-sepal regions with more space available for petal initiation. In summary, floral meristem growth and maturation is associated with variable petal number in C. hirsuta and responds to seasonal changes in ambient temperature.
Stateful or Stateless Flooding Attack Detection?

—SYN ﬂooding attacks exploit the 3-way handshake characteristic of TCP connection setup to cause denials of service. Many techniques have been proposed for the detection of ﬂooding attacks; most are stateless while a few are stateful. A stateful method keeps speciﬁc information on ﬂows of packets while stateless methods will only keep counters on speciﬁc packet features. The low performance impact of state-less methods has led to their predominance in practical deployments. We introduce a methodology to support a comparison between methods, which allows to quantify all key factors which can be used to assess and compare performance and see how they can be built into a metric. In this article, we evaluate and compare the performance of two key DoS detection techniques, one stateless and one stateful, and investigate their relative merits.
Assessment of Aquatic Ecosystem Health with Indices of Biotic Integrity (IBIs) in the Ganjiang River System, China

Indices of biotic integrity (IBIs) are widely used to assess aquatic ecosystem health. However, there are few studies on their relationships. Based on fish, macroinvertebrate and plankton survey data collected in the Ganjiang River system from 2016 to 2017, redundancy analysis (RDA) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) were used to analyze how the community structures of these organisms respond to environmental variables. The fish IBI (F-IBI), benthic macroinvertebrate IBI (B-IBI), and phytoplankton IBI (P-IBI) were applied to evaluate the health status of the aquatic ecosystem. A Kruskal–Wallis test (p < 0.05) and Spearman’s correlation coefficient analysis were performed to evaluate the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the results. Our results suggested that the F-IBI-, B-IBI-, and P-IBI-based assessments indicated good, fair, and healthy Ganjiang River system ecosystem health statuses, respectively, and significant differences existed among these indices (p < 0.05). The main environmental factors affecting F-IBI, B-IBI, and P-IBI were different. At the temporal scale, the F-IBI and B-IBI were stable, while the P-IBI fluctuated obviously. The consistency between the F-IBI and B-IBI results was better than that between each of these indices and the P-IBI results, and the consistency was better on a larger scale. These research results show that comprehensive assessments based on multiple groups rather than a single group can better characterize the impacts of environmental pressures on water ecosystems.
ON BAYES’ THEOREM FOR IMPROPER MIXTURES1 BY PETER MCCULLAGH

Although Bayes’s theorem demands a prior that is a probability distribution on the parameter space, the calculus associated with Bayes’s theorem sometimes generates sensible procedures from improper priors, Pitman’s estimator being a good example. However, improper priors may also lead to Bayes procedures that are paradoxical or otherwise unsatisfactory, prompting some authors to insist that all priors be proper. This paper begins with the observation that an improper measure on satisfying Kingman’s countability condition is in fact a probability distribution on the power set. We show how to extend a model in such a way that the extended parameter space is the power set. Under an additional finiteness condition, which is needed for the existence of a sampling region, the conditions for Bayes’s theorem are satisfied by the extension. Lack of interference ensures that the posterior distribution in the extended space is compatible with the original parameter space. Provided that the key finiteness condition is satisfied, this probabilistic analysis of the extended model may be interpreted as a vindication of improper Bayes procedures derived from the original model.
On construction method of shipborne and airborne radar intelligence and related equipment knowledge graph

Knowledge graph construction in military intelligence domain is sprouting but technically immature. This paper presents a method to construct the heterogeneous knowledge graph in the field of shipborne and airborne radar and equipment. Based on the expert knowledge and the up-to-date Internet open source information, we construct the knowledge graph of radar characteristic information and the equipment respectively, and establish relationships between two graphs, providing the pipeline and method for the intelligence organization and management in the context of the crowding battlefields big data.
A NOVEL APPROACH FOR FUSION OF LOW RESOLUTION MULTISPECTRAL IMAGES IN REMOTE SENSING

: Nonlinear decomposition methods comprise a choice to conventional approaches for facing the problem of data fusion. In this paper, we discuss the application of this methodology to a admired remote sensing area called pan sharpening, which consists in the fusion of a low resolution multispectral image and a high-resolution panchromatic image. We design a complete pan sharpening scheme based on the use of morphological half gradient operators and demonstrate the application of this algorithm through the comparison with the state-of-the-art approaches. Four data sets obtained by the different satellites are employed for the performance monitoring, testifying the effectiveness of the proposed method in producing top-class images with a setting independent of the specific sensor.
A Bivariate Model Predicts Hemispheric Lateralization of the Seizure Onset Zone on Inter- Ictal [ 18 F]-FDG PET-CT Scans

constructed to present the concordance between the gold standard and each binary variable. A simple Kappa coefficient was computed to assess the agreement. Fisher’s exact test was performed to examine significant associations. The predictive value of a single semi-quantitative index/ variable for each side was defined as a proportion of concordant cases among the total cases of seizure onset in that side per gold standard. Furthermore, a multivariate strategy was developed by combining information of global cerebral hypermetabolism SUVm, temporal SUVm asymmetry hypometabolism, and basal ganglia SUVm/SD asymmetry hypometabolism. The significance level was set as 0.05, two-sided. All analyses were performed using SAS 9.2 (Cary, NC).
Deep Learning Online Course

Abstract : This technical report discusses the activities of the Naval Innovative Science and Engineering (NISE) Program project entitled Deep Learning Online Course, executed in fiscal year 2016 at Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center Pacific (SSC Pacific). The project was successful in training a large group of scientists and engineers in the topic of deep learning, a subfield of machine learning with an increasing number of application areas. Some difficulties were encountered throughout the course, which are documented herein. More courses of this sort should be held at SSC Pacific in the future. The lessons learned contained in this report should be taken into consideration when planning future courses.
Neither 1G nor 2G fuel ethanol: setting the ground for a sugarcane-based biorefinery using an iSUCCELL yeast platform Authors’ names and affiliations:

First-generation (1G) fuel ethanol production in sugarcane-based biorefineries is an established economic enterprise in Brazil. Second-generation (2G) fuel ethanol from lignocellulosic materials, though extensively investigated, is currently facing severe difficulties to become economically viable. Some of the challenges inherent to these processes could be resolved by efficiently separating, and partially hydrolysing the cellulosic fraction of the lignocellulosic materials into the disaccharide cellobiose. Here we propose an alternative biorefinery, where the sucrose-rich stream from the 1G process is mixed with a cellobiose-rich stream in the fermentation step. The advantages of mixing are threefold: 1) decreased concentrations of metabolic inhibitors that are typically produced during pretreatment and hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials; 2) decreased cooling times after enzymatic hydrolysis prior to fermentation; 3) decreased availability of free glucose for contaminating microorganisms and undesired glucose repression effects. The iSUCCELL platform will be built upon the robust Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains currently present in 1G biorefineries, which offer D o w n lo a d e d ro m h tp s //a c a d e m ic . o u p . c o m fe m s y /a d v a n c e -a tic le -a b s ra c /d o /1 0 . 1 0 9 3 fe m s y /fo a a 0 2 7 /5 8 3 6 7 1 6 b y U n iv e rs id a d e E s ta d u a l d e C a m p in a s , A n d re a s G o m b e rt o n 1 3 M a y 2 0 2 0 competitive advantage in non-aseptic environments, and into which intracellular hydrolyses of sucrose and cellobiose will be engineered. It is expected that high yields of ethanol can be achieved in a process with cell recycling, lower contamination levels and decreased antibiotic use, when compared to current 2G technologies.
dOCUUlebt-Maximum likelihood continuity mapping for fraud detection

We describe a novel time-series analysis technique called maximum likelihood continuity mapping (MALCOM), and focus on one application of MALCOM: detecting fraud in medical insurance claims. Given a training data set composed of typical sequences, MALCOM creates a stochastic model of sequence generation, called a continuity map (CM). A CM maximizes the probability of sequences in the training set given the model constraints. CM’s can be used to estimate the likelihood of sequences not found in the training set, enabling anomaly detection and sequence prediction -- important aspects of data mining. Since MALCOM can be used on sequences of categorical data (e.g. sequences of words) as well as real valued data, MALCOM is also a potential replacement for database search tools such as N-gram analysis. In a recent experiment, MALCOM was used to evaluate the likelihood of patient medical histories, where “medical history” is used to mean the sequence of medical procedures performed on a patient. Physicians whose patients had anomalous medical histories (according to MALCOM) were evaluated for fraud by an independent agency. Of the small sample (12 physicians) that has been evaluated, 92% have been determined fraudulent or abusive. Despite the small sample, these results are encouraging.
Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia: Challenges and Prospects Regarding Diagnosis and Control Strategies in Africa

: Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is an infectious and contagious respiratory disease of cattle, caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides ( Mmm ). In this review, basic epidemiological features of CBPP, complicated by existing different strains of Mycoplasmas with similar biochemical characteristics, with preference to Sub-Saharan Africa are discussed. Many sub-Saharan African countries are challenged by variable gaps that include diagnostic tools and control strategies. Science-based issues on diagnostic procedures, vaccination, treatment, and other control strategies are discussed. Participatory epidemiology (PE), a diagnostic technique used in the identification and solving of animal health problems in rural communities, was also discussed. PE application, in conjunction with conventional diagnostic tools, will improve CBPP identification in pastoral rural communities and promote control of the disease in Africa. Furthermore, adequate CBPP control can be achieved through stronger political commitments from governments by prioritizing the disease among major diseases of high economic importance to the livestock industry for surveillance and control. Investment in CBPP control in endemic African countries will assure food security, livelihoods and the general well-being of people, and international trade.
Quantum interference and correlation control of frequency-bin qubits: supplementary material

This supplement provides supplementary information to “Quantum interference and correlation control of frequency-bin qubits,” http://dx.doi. org/10.1364/optica.XX. XXXXXX . We provide details on the experimental setup, theoretical predictions, and calculations of the visibility, entanglement witness, and density matrix.
Genome-wide identi cation, molecular evolution, and expression analysis provide new insights into the APETALA2/ethylene responsive factor (AP2/ERF) superfamily in Dimocarpus longan Lour

Shuting Zhang Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Chen Zhu Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Yumeng Lyu Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Yan Chen Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Zihao Zhang Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Zhongxiong Lai Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Yuling Lin (  buliang84@163.com ) Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
A Diagram Method to Analyze Illogical Thinking Modeling Typical Logical Mistakes concerning Information Security and Industrial Safety

—we propose a graphical method to express and analyze logical failure of human operators. Human factor is the weakest link on information security and industrial safety, and mare human mistakes have been making many severe accidents. Human thinking process is unstable and not always correct. There exist certain tendencies of cognitive misunderstanding, and people easily commit mistakes of such patterns. In the scene of computer crime, many attackers use those cognitive biases to deceive their victims. The cognitive biases are also the generator of critical misjudgments that brought severe industrial accidents. We nominate the most frequent patterns of irrational processing in order to identify the mechanisms of accidents on computer security and industrial safety. We can decompose processes of misjudgments into easy steps that reflect popular patterns of the cognitive biases by using the graphical method. In this paper, we try to reason patterns of thinking failures that took place in real cyber-attacks and an industrial accident.
Design of Fully Reused VLSI Architecture of FM0/Manchester Encoding Using SOLS Technique

-The dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) standards generally adopt FM0 and Manchester codes to reach dc-balance, enhancing the signal reliability.The DSRC is an emerging technique used in intelligent transportation system.Here the coding-diversity between the FM0 and Manchester codes seriously limits the potential to design a fully reused VLSI architecture for both. In this paper, the similarity-oriented logic simplification (SOLS) technique is proposed to overcome this limitation. The SOLS technique improves the hardware utilization rate from 57.14% to 100% for both FM0 and Manchester encodings. The encoding capability of this paper can fully support the DSRC standards of America, Europe, and Japan. This paper not only develops a fully reused VLSI architecture, but also exhibits an efficient performance compared with the existing works.
Digital Users in Pre-Digital Hospital Organisations? An Analysis on the Readiness for Electronic Communication Between a Hospital and Surgical Patients

Are hospitals and surgical patients ready for electronic communication prior to surgery? This paper discusses the readiness for electronic communication between surgical patients and a university hospital in Norway. The first step in our study approach was to map the main actors involved in pre-operative planning and electronic communication. This work mapped six diverse main actors and revealed the need for multiple approaches to address the e-readiness of the different actors. The study approach consists of the following: (1) a study of the most recent health reforms in Norway, focusing on e-readiness from political and policy perspectives; (2) an in-depth empirical observation and interview study of the pre-operative planning process at a university hospital, focusing on the readiness for two-way electronic communication prior to surgery; (3) a qualitative interview study of patients’ experiences with surgical cancellations, focusing on the patients’ readiness for electronic communication; (4) an inquiry into the readiness of the hospitals’ electronic health record to integrate two-way communication and (5) a study of the readiness for electronic patient– hospital communication from the perspective of the regional health authority’s ICT operational unit. The results are reported in six analytical categories based on the identification of the main actors in the field. The authors’ conclusion is that Norwegian health policy strongly promotes electronic collaboration and that patients and healthcare workers are ready to use new electronic tools. However, the hospital as an entity, together with the electronic health record system and the authority’s ICT operational unit—all of which are important actors in the field— are currently not ready for electronic communication between patients and the hospital. Keywords—e-readiness; electronic communication; ICT; health policy; hospitals; surgical departments; healthcare workers; patients; electronic health record; health authority; Norway
A Survey on Information Hiding Techniques in Digital Media

— Secure data transmission has been a significant problem throughout human history. It is often thought that communication may be secured by encrypting the traffic, but this has rarely been adequate in practice. From ancient times, the art of hiding is always preferred upon enciphering the secret information because hiding arouses less suspicion as it conceals its very existence. This paper is a brief review of different data hiding techniques within an image which elaborates the suitability of wavelet transform for efficient and robust data hiding. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the existing literature available on different data embedding algorithms.
Broadband Access: Wireline and Wireless - Alternatives for Internet Services

Written by experts in the field, this book provides an overview of all forms of broadband subscriber access networks and technology, including fiber optics, DSL for phone lines, DOCSIS for coax, power line carrier, and wireless. Each technology is described in depth, with a discussion of key concepts, historical development, and industry standards. The book contains comprehensive coverage of all broadband access technologies, with a section each devoted to fiber-based technologies, non-fiber wired technologies, and wireless technologies. The four co-authors breadth of knowledge is featured in the chapters comparing the relative strengths, weaknesses, and prognosis for the competing technologies.Key Features:Covers the physical and medium access layers (OSI Layer 1 and 2), with emphasis on access transmission technologyCompares and contrasts all recent and emerging wired and wireless standards for broadband access in a single referenceIllustrates the technology that is currently being deployed by network providers, and also the technology that has recently been or will soon be standardized for deployment in the coming years, including vectoring, wavelength division multiple access, CDMA, OFDMA, and MIMOContains detailed discussion on the following standards: 10G-EPON, G-PON, XG-PON, VDSL2, DOCSIS 3.0, DOCSIS Protocol over EPON, power line carrier, IEEE 802.11 WLAN/WiFi, UMTS/HSPA, LTE, and LTE-Advanced
Arab learners: A theoretical

The present paper reviews the status of reading comprehension skill among the learners of EFL in Jordan and Saudi Arabia. There are various factors contribute to the poor language skills among the learners, as reported by various agencies as well as the Ministry of Education. It is an attempt here to propose Situational Method as an effective tool to enhance the learning experience of the learners. Both the countries, including the other Arab nations have spent remarkably very well in the direction of creating their own workforce to become self reliant but the desired outcome is still a way far. This paper will enable the researchers to have an idea of the current situation and work for the reinforcement of such model to make the EFL teaching-learning process more rewarding.
Lateral genetic transferand the constructionofgenetic exchange communities

Lateral genetic transfer (LGT) is a major source of phenotypic innovation among bacteria. Determinants for antibiotic resistance and other adaptive traits can spread rapidly, particularly by conjugative plasmids, but also phages and natural transformation. Each successive step from the uptake of foreign DNA, its genetic recombination and regulatory integration, to its establishment in the host population presents differential barriers and opportunities. The emergence of successive multidrug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus illustrates the ongoing role of LGT in the combinatorial assembly of pathogens. The dynamic interplay among hosts, vectors, DNA elements, combinations of genetic determinants and environments constructs communities of genetic exchange. These relations can be abstracted as a graph, within which an exchange community might correspond to a path, transitively closed set, clique or near-clique. We provide a set-based definition, and review the features of actual genetic exchange communities (GECs), adopting first a knowledge-driven approach based on literature, and then a synoptic data-centric bioinformatic approach. GECs are diverse, but share some common features.
Calcium and phosphorus metabolism in broilers: Effect of homeostatic mechanism on calcium and phosphorus digestibility

Calcium and phosphorus are essential nutrients involved in many biological processes. These minerals are the most abundant elements in the body, with 99% of Ca and 80% of P stored in the skeleton as hydroxyapatite, and both play an important role in bone development and mineralization [1]. The remaining Ca is located in the extracellular fluid, plasma, and within cells, and plays pivotal roles in metabolism, blood clotting, enzyme activation, neuromuscular function, muscle contraction, cell adhesion, and intracellular signaling [1]. Nucleic acids, nucleotides, phospholipids, and phosphorylated proteins play a fundamental role in growth, cellular and membrane function, energy metabolism, and acid-base balance, and are the main location of the 20% of P not located in the skeleton [1–3]. © 2013 Poultry Science Association, Inc.