Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fabrication and Characterization of a Multifunctional Coating to Promote the Osteogenic Properties of Orthopedic Implants

Titanium-based alloys are used in orthopedic applications as fixation elements, hard tissue replacements in artificial bones, and dental implants. Despite their wide range of applications, metallic implant defects and failures arise due to inadequate mechanical bonding, postoperative clotting problems, aseptic loosening, and infections. To improve the surface bioactivity and reduce the corrosion rate of the Ti6Al4V alloy, multi-layered coatings (HAp, BG, Cs, and Hep) were applied via electrophoretic deposition (EPD). XRD images showed the presence of HAp within the coating. In vitro investigation: cell line NIH-3T3 fibroblasts were seeded on the non-coated and coated Ti6Al4V substrates, and their cellular behavior was evaluated. The results indicated that the HApBGCsHep coating could enhance the adhesion and proliferation of NIH 3T3 cells. In addition, the potentiodynamic polarization results are compatible with the in vitro outcome.
Technical Report: Growth of Environmental Science at the NSLS

In the 25 years since the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) began operations, synchrotron “user facilities” have had a growing impact on research in molecular environmental science (MES). For example, synchrotron-based analytical techniques have allowed researchers to determine the molecular-level speciation of environmentally relevant elements and evaluate their spatial distribution and phase association at very low concentration levels (low parts per million) with micrometer or nanometer resolution [1]. For the environmental scientist, one of the primary advantages of these synchrotron-based techniques is that samples need not be disturbed or destroyed for study; characterization can often be done in-situ in dilute and heterogeneous natural samples with no need for species separation, pre-concentration, or pre-treatment [2]. Liquids, hydrated solids, and biological samples can also often be directly analyzed, which is of fundamental importance in environmental science for understanding the molecular-scale processes that occur at mineral–water interfaces and in understanding how abiotic and biotic processes are involved in the distribution, mobility and ultimate fate of molecular species in the environment.
Salina-margin tepees, pisoliths, and aragonite cements, Lake MacLeod, Western Australia: Their significance in interpreting ancient analogs

Tepee structures, banded aragonite cements, and pisoliths are currently forming in Lake MacLeod, a carbonate-evaporite salina in Western Australia. Although Lake MacLeod is separated from the Indian Ocean by a barrier, it lies 3–4 m below sea level, which promotes the seepage of seawater through the barrier and its discharge from vents and seepage mounds around the margin of the salina. Discharging waters have precipitated and diagenetically altered carbonate sediments within these seepage mounds to form tepee structures of lithified protodolomite overlying cavities that are lined with banded aragonite cement and floored by both cement and pisoliths. Significant variations in δ18O (5.1‰ PDB) and δ13C (5.5‰ PDB) of the aragonite cements were documented and are thought to record shifts in the isotopic composition of the water brought about by the effects of evaporation, influx of meteoric water, and oxidation of organic water. Carbon-14 dating of cements indicates that cementation began about 3400 B.P. and has proceeded at a rate of about 0.2 to 0.4 mm/100 yr, the highest rate occurring during evaporative episodes. By analogy with Lake MacLeod and other Australian salinas, peritidal tepee structures and associated diagenetic carbonates in the Permian Capitan Reef complex may owe their origin to speleanlike diagenesis operative in a marine groundwater discharge zone.
Understanding the Hybridization of Everyday Activities from a Time-Geographic Perspective

In contrast to the dichotomous distinction between offline and online activity in much previous research, we argue for hybridization as a key feature of the digitalized postpandemic society, shaping and constraining the everyday lives and activities of individuals in new, unforeseen ways. The current understanding of the complex ways in which hybridization plays out and reorders everyday life is limited, partly due to a lack of relevant conceptualizations and methodological tools. The aim of this article is to further develop the time-geographic approach, as theory and method, to understand and visualize the hybridization of everyday activities. The article contributes to previous literature on everyday life digitalization in several important respects. The notions of hybrid activities, grounds, and sequences are proposed for an enhanced theoretical understanding of hybridization. Moreover, we argue that interrelated hybrid constraints shape the spatiotemporal organization of everyday activities. The concept of pocket of mediated order is proposed as a new domain of everyday activities in the hybrid era, supporting the accomplishment of everyday projects, yet also transforming the local pockets of order. Finally, drawing on a real family case, we refine the time-geographical notation system to capture and visualize the full complexity of hybridization in the time–space setting of daily life.
Integrated Prestack Depth Migration/Inversion and Simulated Annealing Optimization for Structural Model Building

Whether refining seismic images to evaluate opportunities in mature areas and exploit the maximum resource, or exploring in frontier areas, determining an accurate velocity model within the turnaround time constraints of reservoir management and exploration timeframes is critical. Speed, robustness, and accuracy are equally important. Seismic imaging has made great strides in recent years with the advent of so-called wave-equation migration imaging methods. Given the correct acoustic propagation velocity for seismic waves in the Earth’s subsurface, these wave-equation methods yield the highest resolution and most accurate images of the earth. However, the process of determining the correct acoustic propagation velocity can be an elusive, time consuming, and costly procedure. We describe an approach both to shorten the process and to make the process less biased and more accurate. The process is shortened by automating the labor-intensive portion of the workflow, and made less biased and more robust and accurate by using much more data than is commonly used in manual picking approaches.
The influence of snow cover thickness on the thermal regime of Tête Rousse Glacier (Mont Blanc range, 3200 m a.s.l.): Consequences for outburst flood hazards and glacier response to climate change

[1] Tete Rousse Glacier (French Alps) was responsible for an outburst flood in 1892 that devastated the village of St Gervais-Le Fayet close to Chamonix, causing 175 fatalities. Changes in the hydrothermal configuration of the glacier are suspected to be the cause of this catastrophic outburst flood. In 2010, geophysical surveys of this glacier revealed a subglacial lake that was subsequently drained artificially. The processes controlling the thermal regime of the glacier have been investigated on the basis of measurements and snow/firn cover and heat flow models using meteorological data covering the last 200 years. Temperature measurements show a polythermal structure with subglacial water trapped by the cold lowest part of the glacier (−2°C). The modeling approach shows that the polythermal structure is due to temporal changes in the depth of the snow/firn cover at the glacier surface. Paradoxically, periods with negative mass balances, associated with warmer air temperature, tend to cool the glacier, whereas years with colder temperatures, associated with positive mass balances, tend to increase the glacier temperature by increasing the firnpack depth and extent. The thermal effect of the subglacial lake is evaluated and shows that the lake was formed around 1980. According to future climate scenarios, modeling shows that the glacier may cool again in the future. This study provides insights into the thermal processes responsible for water storage inside a small almost static glacier, which can lead to catastrophic outburst floods such as the 1892 event or potentially dangerous situations as in 2010.
Redrawing Urokinase Receptor (uPAR) Signaling with Cancer Driver Genes for Exploring Possible Anti-Cancer Targets and Drugs

During tumorigenesis, urokinase (uPA) and uPA receptor (uPAR) play essential roles in mediating pathological progression in many cancers. To understand the crosstalk between the uPA/uPAR signaling and cancer, as well as to decipher their cellular pathways, we proposed to use cancer driver genes to map out the uPAR signaling. In the study, an integrated pharmaceutical bioinformatics approach that combined modulator identification, driver gene ontology networking, protein targets prediction and networking, pathway analysis and uPAR modulator screening platform construction was employed to uncover druggable targets in uPAR signaling for developing a novel anti-cancer modality. Through these works, we found that uPAR signaling interacted with 10 of 21 KEGG cancer pathways, indicating the important role of uPAR in mediating intracellular cancerous signaling. Furthermore, we verified that receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and ribosomal S6 kinases (RSKs) could serve as signal hubs to relay uPAR-mediated cellular functions on cancer hallmarks such as angiogenesis, proliferation, migration and metastasis. Moreover, we established an in silico virtual screening platform and a uPAR–driver gene pair rule for identifying potential uPAR modulators to combat cancer. Altogether, our results not only elucidated the complex networking between uPAR modulation and cancer but also provided a paved way for developing new chemical entities and/or re-positioning clinically used drugs against cancer.
Optimizing Mixed Capacity of Extended Reality and Mobile Broadband Services in 5G-Advanced Networks

Extended reality (XR) is an emerging technology that has gained significant attention in the context of fifth-generation (5G) and 5G-Advanced cellular networks and beyond. One of the less explored areas for practical XR service deployments is the study of its interaction with the existing traffic such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB). This study explores the performance of having both XR and eMBB users simultaneously in a multi-cell network for two different indoor and outdoor deployment scenarios. We show that the main limitation to maximizing XR capacity in the mixed scenario is inter-cell interference (ICI) generated by eMBB users. ICI from eMBB results in a loss of about 80% in XR capacity when an XR source data rate of 45 Mbps and a strict packet delay budget (PDB) of 10 ms is enforced. To mitigate this, we propose new radio resource management enhancements that apply restrictions on eMBB radio resource usage to balance between eMBB and XR simultaneous capacity. With the proposed enhancements, maximum XR capacity can be maintained for the case with an XR source data rate of 45 Mbps and a PDB of 20 ms while restricting eMBB throughput by about 50%. The impact on eMBB throughput performance from adding XR users depends on the XR PDB, deployment environment, and the eMBB radio resource usage restriction. The results demonstrate that the eMBB throughput declines with a factor of 1 to 4 of the XR sum rate.
Airborne radio echo sounding of glaciers in Svalbard

During April–May 1980 the Scott Polar Research Institute (SPRI) and Norsk Polarinstitutt (NPI) conducted a joint programme of radio echo sounding (RES) in Svalbard. The principal aims were to evaluate the performance of SPRI 60 MHz echo sounding equipment of Svalbard glaciers, to measure ice thickness over a wide range of conditions, and to investigate specific glaciers which are the focus of current glaciological studies.
Surface runoff and soil erosion estimation using the SWAT model in the Keleta Watershed, Ethiopia

This study evaluates surface runoff generation and soil erosion rates for a small watershed (the Keleta Watershed) in the Awash River basin of Ethiopia by using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. Calibration and validation of the model was performed on monthly basis, and it could simulate surface runoff and soil erosion to a good level of accuracy. The simulated surface runoff closely matched with observed data (derived by hydrograph separation). Surface runoff generation was generally high in parts of the watershed characterized by heavy clay soils with low infiltration capacity, agricultural land use and slope gradients of over 25 per cent. The estimated soil loss rates were also realistic compared to what can be observed in the field and results from previous studies. The long‐term average soil loss was estimated at 4·3 t ha−1 y−1; most of the area of the watershed (∼80 per cent) was predicted to suffer from a low or moderate erosion risk (<8 t ha−1 y−1), and only in ∼1·2 per cent of the watershed was soil erosion estimated to exceed 12 t ha−1 y−1. Expectedly, estimated soil loss was significantly correlated with measured rainfall and simulated surface runoff. Based on the estimated soil loss rates, the watershed was divided into four priority categories for conservation intervention. The study demonstrates that the SWAT model provides a useful tool for soil erosion assessment from watersheds and facilitates planning for a sustainable land management in Ethiopia. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Age variation in the physical properties of oceanic basalts: Implications for crustal formation and evolution

The time-dependent variability of the physical properties of upper oceanic crustal rocks have been characterized by compiling acoustic velocity, density, porosity, iron oxidation state, and H2O+ data from the upper 50 m of all Deep Sea Drilling Project and Ocean Drilling Program drill holes which recovered basalt samples from normal oceanic basement. This data compilation is interpreted in terms of the geological processes responsible for these changes as the seafloor ages. Drill site averages of both acoustic velocity and bulk density show a decrease with increasing age for crustal ages less than 100 Ma. Similarly, chemical data from the same drill cores indicate the presence of two distinct alteration processes. Oxidation of ferrous to ferric ions within the rock-forming minerals proceeds rapidly within the first 5 Ma after formation, slows in the subsequent 5- to 20-m.y. period, and then appears to stop. Hydration of the silicate minerals also appears to generally increase with age over the full 150-m.y. age range of the samples, although at a slower rate than oxidation. The observed distribution of the physical properties of the upper crustal rocks for the first 100 Ma can be explained by three processes: (1) a large initial variability of Vp and density, caused by the range of original porosity of the rocks, (2) an age-progressive alteration associated with oxidation that systematically reduces both Vp and density with increasing age for the first 5 m.y. , and (3) an additional, nonoxidative alteration that increases the hydration of the silicate minerals, with a resulting major impact on the physical properties. Still unexplained, however, is the lack of an expected trend of decreasing porosity with increasing age and alteration and the large, nonsystematic scatter in the physical property data for samples older than 100 Ma.
Impact of Maternal Fish Consumption on Serum Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Levels in Breastfed Infants: A Cross-Sectional Study of a Randomized Clinical Trial in Japan

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an essential n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) abundant in fish, is crucial for infant brain development. We investigated the associations between maternal dietary habits, infant feeding patterns, and serum levels of DHA and other LCPUFAs in infants aged 5–6 months in Japan, where fish consumption is high. This cross-sectional study used serum samples from 268 infants enrolled in a randomized clinical trial. The frequency of mothers’ consumption of 38 food items and infant feeding patterns were prospectively surveyed. Cow’s milk formula (CMF) supplemented with 15.9% linolenic acid, 1.6% α-linolenic acid, 0.40% DHA, and 0.27% arachidonic acid was used. Significant positive associations with infants’ serum DHA levels were found for “Blue-back fish” (rho = 0.24; p = 0.0001) and “White fish” (rho = 0.25, p = 0.0001). The combined variable “Blue-White fish” was found to be significantly associated with higher serum DHA levels in infants (rho = 0.29, p < 0.0001). Predominantly breastfed infants had significantly higher serum DHA levels than those fed more CMF (rho = 0.32, p < 0.0001). After multivariate analysis, “Blue-White fish” and “Feeding patterns” remained significantly and independently associated with serum DHA levels. These findings suggest that frequent consumption of “Blue-back fish” and/or “White fish” by lactating mothers, along with prioritizing breastfeeding over DHA-supplemented CMF, might effectively increase infants’ serum DHA levels.
The Effect of Eurasian Snow Cover on the Indian Monsoon

Abstract The authors successfully model and simulate the observed evidence that anomalously high winter/spring Eurasian snow cover is linked to weak rainfall in the following summer Indian monsoon. It is shown that excessive snow cover in February reduces June to September precipitation over India. The excessive snow cover is associated with a weak monsoon characterized by higher sea level pressure over India, a weaker Somali jet, weaker lower tropospheric westerlies, and weaker upper tropospheric easterlies. The weak monsoon is also associated with weaker secondary circulations. The remote response to excessive Eurasian snow cover is to reduce the strength of trade winds in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. Energy used in melting excessive snow reduces the surface temperature over a broad region centered around the Tibetan Plateau. Reduced surface sensible heat flux reduces the midtropospheric temperature over the Tibetan Plateau. The result is to reduce the midtropospheric meridional temperature gra.
An Attention Mechanism-Based Microservice Placement Scheme for On-Star Edge Computing Nodes

In the context of high-speed networks with 5G and 6G, the influx of user requests under variable usage scenarios puts great pressure on the monolithic architecture, and quality of service (QoS) is gradually not guaranteed. Placing low-coupling, high-efficiency microservices on satellite edge computing nodes with wide coverage is a good solution, but the exponential increase of users and edge nodes accessing communication networks in recent years has gradually highlighted the importance of proper placement and effective management of microservices. The existing studies generally fail to achieve autonomous management of microservices in a variable and complex network environment, and the few studies on autonomous management of microservices are limited to achieving autonomous placement without constraints among microservices. The quality of service and operation cost will not be guaranteed when facing a large number of network requests at the same time. This paper addresses the much-needed problem of modeling microservice placement in satellite edge nodes as a network embedding problem and effectively captures the features that affect microservice placement performance using the attention mechanism in graph neural networks. Simulation experimental results illustrate the effectiveness of the research content of this paper for the automatic management of microservices in satellite networks, while the proposed scheme in this paper performs well in terms of success rate and the benefit-overhead ratio of microservice placement.
Spatial Distribution of Soil Nematode Communities in Stable and Active Sand Dunes of Horqin Sandy Land

To explore the ecological significance of artificial plantation and the restoration process in sand dune ecosystems, the spatial distribution of soil nematode communities in stable and active sand dunes were investigated in northeastern Inner Mongolia, China. Soil nematode community structure and composition at five soil depths (0–5 cm, 5–10 cm, 10–20 cm, 20–40 cm, and 40–60 cm) and three slope positions (windward slope, top slope, and leeward slope) in the stable and active sand dunes were compared. The results showed that the total abundance of soil nematodes decreased with increasing soil depth in the stable sand dune, while increasing in the active sand dune. Bacterivores were found to be the most abundant group in both the stable and active dunes. Significant depth effects were found in the four nematode trophic groups. Thirty-eight and 29 genera were observed in the stable and active sand dunes, respectively. Acrobeles was dominant genus in the stable sand dune, while Acrobeloides was most prevalent in the active sand dune. The increasing values of generic diversity, evenness, and species richness, and the decreasing trend of the Simpson index from 0–5 cm to 20–40 cm were found in the stable sand dune. Nematode faunal analysis indicated that the soil food web in the stable sand dune was barely disturbed in comparison to the active sand dune. The positive interfeedback between soil and vegetation was the key to restoring the sandy ecosystems. Soil nematode communities can be used as bioindicators for assessing the rehabilitation of the sand dune ecosystems.
What Are the Functions of Zinc in the Nervous System?

Zinc (Zn, Zn2+) is an essential nutrient that has multiple fundamental functions in the developing and adult nervous system.1-5 Zinc is a structural and regulatory catalyst ion for all major classes of enzymes6; it stabilizes zinc-finger proteins involved in transcriptional regulation and protein maturation7, functions as an intracellular signaling molecule,5 and is released from glutamatergic terminals modulating several receptors and ion channels2,8-10 (Figure). Through these multiple mechanisms, Zn has a critical role in neurogenesis, cell survival, redox signaling, synaptic plasticity, and immune modulation.4,11-15 Zinc homeostasis is tightly regulated by Zn transport proteins of the ZIP (SLC30) and ZnT (SLC39) families16-18 and by its buffering by metallothioneins (MTs). 19-21 Both deficiency and excess of Zn have deleterious effects in the nervous system.1,14,22,23 While Zn deficiency impairs neurogenesis12 and immune function,24 excessive accumulation of cytosolic Zn2+ triggers oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, protein misfolding, and other processes leading to cell toxicity and neurodegeneration.5,22,23,25-28 This brief review will focus on key aspects of Zn homeostasis and functions and its potential toxic effects in the nervous system.