Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The evolution of instabilities in the axisymmetric jet. Part 1. The linear growth of disturbances near the nozzle

The modal distributions of coherent structures evolving near the nozzle of a circular jet are considered. The effects produced on the instability modes by transverse curvature, flow divergence, inhomogeneous inflow conditions, and the detailed shape of the mean velocity profile, are investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Linear stability analysis applied to a thin shear layer surrounding a large-diameter jet (i.e. a jet whose diameter is large in comparison with a typical width of the shear layer) indicates that many azimuthal modes are equally unstable. An increase in the relative thickness of the shear layer limits the number of unstable modes, and only one helical mode remains unstable at the end of the potential core. The linear model used as a transfer function is capable of predicting the spectral distribution of the velocity perturbations in a jet. This provides a rational explanation for the stepwise behaviour of the predominant frequency resulting from a continuous increase in the jet velocity.
Suicide and death by other causes among patients with a severe mental illness: cohort study comparing risks among patients discharged from inpatient care v. those treated in the community

Abstract Aims People diagnosed with a severe mental illness (SMI) are at elevated risk of dying prematurely compared to the general population. We aimed to understand the additional risk among people with SMI after discharge from inpatient psychiatric care, when many patients experience an acute phase of their illness. Methods In the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GOLD and Aurum datasets, adults aged 18 years and older who were discharged from psychiatric inpatient care in England between 2001 and 2018 with primary diagnoses of SMI (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, other psychoses) were matched by age and gender with up to five individuals with SMI and without recent hospital stays. Using survival analysis approaches, cumulative incidence and adjusted hazard ratios were estimated for all-cause mortality, external and natural causes of death, and suicide. All analyses were stratified by younger, middle and older ages and also by gender. Results In the year after their discharge, the risk of dying by all causes examined was higher than among individuals with SMI who had not received inpatient psychiatric care recently. Suicide risk was 11.6 times (95% CI 6.4–20.9) higher in the first 3 months and remained greater at 2–5 years after discharge (HR 2.3, 1.7–3.2). This risk elevation remained after adjustment for self-harm in the 6 months prior to the discharge date. The relative risk of dying by natural causes was raised in the first 3 months (HR 1.6, 1.3–1.9), with no evidence of elevation during the second year following discharge. Conclusions There is an additional risk of death by suicide and natural causes for people with SMI who have been recently discharged from inpatient care over and above the general risk among people with the same diagnosis who have not recently been treated as an inpatient. This mortality gap shows the importance of continued focus, following discharge, on individuals who require inpatient care.
Investigation and analysis of the electro-hydrodynamic (EHD) effects in asymmetric air gaps. The wire - cylinder case

DEDICATION iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv DECLARATION STATEMENT v TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 LIST OF TABLES 3 LIST OF FIGURES 5 GLOSSARY 12 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS 16 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 18 1.1 THE EHD EFFECT APPLICATIONS 18 1.2 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES 24 1.3 METHODOLOGY 25 1.4 OUTLINE OF THE THESIS 27 CHAPTER 2 THEORETICAL ASPECTS 29 2.1 ELECTRIC FIELD 29 Electric field distribution 30 2.2 CORONA DISCHARGE 34 Coefficient A 37 Coefficient k 38 2.3 UNIPOLAR SATURATION CURRENT 38 2.4 CURRENT DENSITY DISTRIBUTION 40 2.5 IONIC WIND 41 Flow Limitation 43 2.6 GENERATED THRUST 44 2 CHAPTER 3 EXPERIMENT 47 3.1 ELECTRODE GEOMETRY 47 3.2 FEA MODEL 49 Governing Equations 50 FEA Modelling Parameters 51 Verification of the mesh formation 56 3.3 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP 57 CHAPTER 4 FEA SIMULATION RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 60 4.1 PROPOSED FORMULA FOR EMAX IN THE CASE OF WIRE-CYLINDER ELECTRODE ARRANGEMENT 66 4.2 FEA FIELD LINE LENGTHS 69 4.3 SATURATION CURRENT DENSITY LIMIT 73 4.4 UNIPOLAR SATURATION CURRENT LIMIT 75 CHAPTER 5 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 79 5.1 CORONA DISCHARGE CURRENT 79 Influence of the electrode length L on the corona current 80 Influence of the electrode gap d on the corona current 82 Influence of the emitter radius r on the corona current 84 Influence of the collector radius R on the corona current 86 Proposed formula for coefficient k 87 Corona Inception Voltage 90 5.2 SATURATION CURRENT 95
OF VERBAL AND QUANTITATIVE SCORES FOR PERSONNEL SELECTION: AN EXAMPLE

Malcolm J. Ree Cognition and Performance Division Thomas R. Carretta Training Effectiveness Branch HUMAN EFFECTIVENESS DIRECTORATE WARFIGHTER TRAINING RESEARCH DIVISION 7909 Lindbergh Drive Brooks AFB TX 78235-5352 September 1998 Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. AIR FORCE MATERIEL COMMAND AIR FORCE RESEARCH LABORATORY HUMAN EFFECTIVENESS DIRECTORATEWARFIGHTER TRAINING RESEARCH DIVISION 6001 South Power Road, Building 558 Mesa AZ 85206-0904
The influence of hygrothermal effects on the cross-ply composite laminate with transverse cracking in transient mode

The stiffness reduction of symmetric hygrothermal cracked and aged cross-ply laminates is predicted by using two different models, shear-lag and variational approach. The material properties are considered to be dependent on temperature and transient moisture distribution in desorption case. This transient hygrothermal effect is taken into account to access the changes in the longitudinal modulus due to transverse cracking. The obtained results illustrate well the dependence of the stiffness degradation on the cracks density and transient environmental conditions, especially at high temperature. Through the presented study, we hope to contribute to the understanding of hygrothermal behaviour of cracked composite laminate.
Eddy current losses and inductance of gapped foil inductors

The aim of this paper is to present analytical solutions for eddy current losses in foil windings of gapped inductors and solutions for additional inductance because of the fringing field path by using Fourier expansion in space. This allows avoiding the well-known disadvantages of the numerical field calculations such as long computation times, difficult geometry modelling, complex parameterisation.
Wireless Sensor Networks Monitoring Tool

A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) typically consists of a large number of nodes performing specific tasks such as measuring or monitoring environmental conditions (temperature, luminosity, humidity, etc.). WSNs once deployed are intended to work for a long period of time. Possible scenarios are the ones where human presence is not possible or encouraged such as battlefield, in military application. Due to the large number of nodes in WSNs, the management and the maintenance of the WSN is a challenging task. To ease the management of WSNs, a monitoring tool is of utmost importance to perform some management tasks such as visualize nodes resources usage (node status), send control message to the nodes and also to provide a general knowledge of the network as whole. Beside of monitoring purpose, the monitoring tool can also be used prior to deployment of a new application on the network, for testing purposes, in order to guarantee that all application requirements are satisfied before deploying it. There are some existing monitoring tools that provide data visualization and also perform control of the nodes on the network. However, none of them provides mechanisms to measure performance related metrics such as packet delay or throughput. This dissertation focuses on WSNs monitoring tools which provide the same features of the other existing tools and also provide mechanism to measure performance related metric. A new WSN monitoring tool based on Octopus was developed which is able to measure packets delay and packet lost. The information about these two QoS parameters is available in a live fashion and also information about past metrics history.
Computer-aided analysis of signals from a low-coherence Fabry-Perot interferometer used for measurements of biological samples

The aim of the study was to develop an automated computer-aided system for analysis of spectrograms obtained from measurements of biological samples performed with a low-coherence Fabry-Pérot interferometer. Information necessary to determine dispersion characteristics of measured materials can be calculated from the positions of the maxima and minima that are present in their spectra. The main challenge faced during the development of the system was reliable detection of these maxima and minima in the presence of noise, without requiring substantial user interaction, and with an acceptable computational complexity.
Constant-frequency current slope control for single-phase switch-mode rectifiers without current sensors

In this paper, we present a novel control scheme for single-phase boost-type switch-mode rectifiers (SMRs). Based on the input current slopes, which depend on the source voltage, output DC level and boost inductance, the duty ratios of the switches are determined to achieve a unity power factor. No current sensors are required. By utilizing the triangular PWM comparators, the proposed control scheme can be fulfilled with a constant switching frequency. This novel control method with low costs and simple circuitry can be applied to any boost-type SMR. Simulations and experiments are performed. The results show feasibility of the presented scheme.
Dengue virus-specific cross-reactive CD8+ human cytotoxic T Dengue virus-specific cross-reactive CD8+ human cytotoxic T lymphocytes lymphocytes us know how access to this document benefits you.

Stimulation with live dengue virus of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a dengue virus type 4-immune donor generated virus-specific, serotype-cross-reactive, CD8+, class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) capable of lysing dengue virus-infected cells and cells pulsed with dengue virus antigens of all four serotypes. These CTL lysed autologous fibroblasts infected with vaccinia virus-dengue virus recombinant viruses containing the E gene or several nonstructural dengue virus type 4 genes. These results demonstrate that both dengue virus structural and nonstructural proteins are targets for the cytotoxic T-cell-mediated immune response to dengue virus and suggest that serotype-cross-reactive CD8+ CTL may be important mediators of viral clearance and of virus-induced immunopathology during secondary dengue virus infections. The severe manifestations of dengue virus infections, hemorrhage and shock, are most often seen after secondary infection with a heterologous serotype of dengue virus, implying a central role for the immune response in the pathogenesis of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Serotype-cross-reactive anti- bodies at subneutralizing concentrations form complexes with virions which bind to monocytes via Fc receptors, resulting in greater of infected monocytes and high titers in dengue virus recombinant viruses, we show that the and one of the are targets for lysis by these CTL. The results suggest that these CD8+ serotype cross-reactive CTL may mediate viral and contribute by cells in secondary
Meta-Learning Approaches for a One-Shot Collective-Decision Aggregation: Correctly Choosing how to Choose Correctly

Aggregating successfully the choices regarding a given decision problem made by the multiple collective members into a single solution is essential for exploiting the collective's intelligence and for effective crowdsourcing. There are various aggregation techniques, some of which come down to a simple and sometimes effective deterministic aggregation rule. However, it has been shown that the efficiency of those techniques is unstable under varying conditions and within different domains. Other methods mainly rely on learning from the decision-makers previous responses or the availability of additional information about them. In this study, we present two one-shot machine-learning-based aggregation approaches. The first predicts, given multiple features about the collective's choices, including meta-cognitive ones, which aggregation method will be best for a given case. The second directly predicts which decision is optimal, given, among other things, the selection made by each method. We offer a meta-cognitive feature-engineering approach for characterizing a collective decision-making case in a context-sensitive fashion. In addition, we offer a new aggregation method, the Devil's-Advocate aggregator, to deal with cases in which standard aggregation methods are predicted to fail. Experimental results show that using either of our proposed approaches increases the percentage of successfully aggregated cases (i.e., cases in which the correct answer is returned) significantly, compared to the uniform application of each rule-based aggregation method. We also demonstrate the importance of the Devil's Advocate aggregator.
Performance-Based Design of Geotechnical Structures: Recent Advances

The paper presents an overview of recent advances in earthquake geotechnical engineering with respect to the seismic design of geotechnical structures. The modern principles in seismic design are described along the framework of performance-based design as adopted in the International Standard (ISO23469). With the growing awareness of the need to understand the effect of non-linearity in soils and soil-structure interaction, the paper discusses the highly non-linear response of ground during strong earthquake motions with a peak ground acceleration exceeding 1g, and the highly non-linear behavior of soil-pile interaction, including soil-pile separation. The modern principles in seismic design described in this paper allow a sophisticated approach to deal with the uncertainty. Discussion on this issue is provided through the life-cycle cost approach. The paper also discusses the combined hazards, such as those during the Sumatra, Indonesia, earthquake of 2004, posing a new challenge to seismic design of geotechnical structures.
Inducers of Inflammation Antagonists of Lipopolysaccharide than Oxidized Phospholipids Are More Potent

Polyunsaturated fatty acids are precursors of multiple pro- and anti-inﬂammatory molecules generated by enzymatic stereospeciﬁc and positionally speciﬁc insertion of oxygen, which is a prerequisite for recognition of these mediators by cellular receptors. How-ever, nonenzymatically oxidized free and esteriﬁed polyunsaturated fatty acids also demonstrate activities relevant to inﬂammation. In particular, phospholipids containing oxidized fatty acid residues (oxidized phospholipids; OxPLs) were shown to induce proinﬂammatory changes in endothelial cells but paradoxically also to inhibit inﬂammation induced via TLR4. In this study, we show that half-maximal inhibition of LPS-induced elevation of E-selectin mRNA in endothelial cells developed at concentrations of oxidized 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl- sn -glycero-3-phosphocholine (OxPAPC) 10-fold lower than those required to induce proinﬂammatory response. Similar concentration difference was observed for other classes and molecular species of OxPLs. Upon injection into mice, OxPAPC did not elevate plasma levels of IL-6 and keratinocyte chemoattractant but strongly inhibited LPS-induced upregulation of these inﬂammatory cytokines. Thus, both in vitro and in vivo, anti-LPS effects of OxPLs are observed at lower concentrations than those required for their proinﬂammatory action. Quantiﬁcation of the most abundant oxidized phosphatidylcholines by HPLC/tandem mass spectrometry showed that circulating concentrations of total oxidized phosphatidylcholine species are close to the range where they demonstrate anti-LPS activity but signiﬁcantly lower than that required for induction of inﬂammation. We hypothesize that low levels of OxPLs in circulation serve mostly anti-LPS function and protect from excessive systemic response to TLR4 ligands, whereas proinﬂammatory effects of OxPLs are more likely to develop locally at sites of tissue deposition of OxPLs (e.g., in atherosclerotic vessels). The Journal of Immunology , 2010, 185: 000–000.
Modeling Strategic Information Sharing in Indian Villages

Several recent research initiatives in the eld of Development Economics have studied and provided substantial insight into the mechanics of information diusal in small village social networks, in particular those without formal mass communication infrastructure in place (i.e., email, television). This research aims to further explore the dynamics of communication in these networks, focusing on the possibility that village households share and withold information strategically, only sharing with neighbors exhibiting certain characteristics, in an individually rational manner. A model of probabilistic information diusion is developed, the parameters of which are estimated via the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) and tested with empirical data.
Comparison of the efficacy and safety of 308‐nm excimer laser as monotherapy and combination therapy with topical tacrolimus in the treatment of periocular vitiligo

Vitiligo is an acquired depigmenting disorder in which destruction of skin melanocytes. In recent years, 308‐nm excimer laser (308‐nm EL) and topical tacrolimus have been extensively used to treat vitiligo. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness and safety of combined treatment of 308‐nm EL and topical tacrolimus for treating periocular vitiligo compared to 308‐nm EL monotherapy. This study is a retrospective observational study, involving 58 Chinese patients of periocular vitiligo, divided into two groups: the control group (28 patients) treated with 308‐nm EL; and the experimental group (30 patients) treated with 308‐nm EL and topical tacrolimus 0.1% ointment. Repigmentation was assessed at four grades. In the control group, there were four patients (14%) with poor repigmentation, eleven patients (39%) with moderate repigmentation, ten patients (36%) with good repigmentation, three patients (11%) with excellent repigmentation. In the experimental group, two patients (7%) experienced poor repigmentation, six patients (20%) experienced moderate repigmentation, fifteen patients (50%) experienced good repigmentation, seven patients (23%) experienced excellent repigmentation. The experimental group efficacy rate (good and excellent repigmentation) was 73.3%, higher than 46.4% for the control group (p = 0.037). Our findings suggest that both treatments are safe and the combination of tacrolimus and 308‐nm EL is more effective than 308‐nm EL alone for periocular vitiligo.
Mechanisms of Exercise-Induced Cardiac Remodeling Differ Between Young and Aged Hearts

Exercise is cardioprotective via distinct mechanisms in aged and young hearts. Aging induces physiological and molecular changes in the heart that increase the risk for heart disease. Several of these changes are targetable by exercise. We hypothesize that the mechanisms by which exercise improves cardiac function in the aged heart differ from those in the young exercised heart.
Comprehensive lipidomic analysis reveals regulation of glyceride metabolism in rat visceral adipose tissue by high-altitude chronic hypoxia

Adipose tissue plays a central role in energy substrate homeostasis and is a key regulator of lipid flow throughout these processes. As hypoxia affects lipid metabolism in adipose tissue, we aimed to investigate the effects of high-altitude chronic hypoxia on lipid metabolism in the adipose tissue of rats using a lipidomic analysis approach. Visceral adipose tissues from rats housed in a high-altitude hypoxia environment representing 4,300 m with 14.07% oxygen (hypoxia group) and from rats housed in a low-altitude normoxia environment representing 41 m with 20.95% oxygen (normoxia group) for 8 weeks were analyzed using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-Orbitrap mass spectrometry system. After 8 weeks, the body weight and visceral adipose tissue weight of the hypoxia group were significantly decreased compared to those of the normoxia group (p < 0.05). The area and diameter of visceral adipose cells in the hypoxia group were significantly smaller than those of visceral adipose cells in the normoxia group (p < 0.05). The results of lipidomic analysis showed a total of 21 lipid classes and 819 lipid species. The total lipid concentration of the hypoxia group was lower than that in the normoxia group (p < 0.05). Concentrations of diacylglycerols and triacylglycerols in the hypoxia group were significantly lower than those in the normoxia group (p < 0.05). Using univariate and multivariate analyses, we identified 74 lipids that were significantly altered between the normoxia and hypoxia groups. These results demonstrate that high-altitude chronic hypoxia changes the metabolism of visceral adipose glycerides, which may potentially modulate other metabolic processes.
Discrimination, Racial Identity, and Hypertension among Black Americans across Young, Middle, and Older Adulthood.

OBJECTIVES Substantial evidence documents the protective role of racial identity-or the meaning and significance that individuals attribute to race-among Black Americans, yet the impact of racial identity on physical health outcomes beyond young adulthood remains unclear. To clarify the extent to which racial identity remains influential for physical health across the life course, this study investigated the direct associations between discrimination, racial identity, and hypertension, whether racial identity buffered the negative effects of discrimination, and the extent to which these patterns varied among young (21-35), middle-aged (36-49), and older (50+) Black adults. METHODS Data from the Nashville Stress and Health Study (N=627) were used to examine two identity dimensions: "racial centrality" (i.e., importance of Black identity to one's sense of self) and "closeness to other Black people" (COBP). Modified Poisson models estimated relationships between racial identity, discrimination, and hypertension. Interactions determined whether racial identity moderated the discrimination-hypertension association within and across age groups. RESULTS High centrality and moderate COBP were directly linked to elevated hypertension odds among young adults, but lower odds among older adults; racial identity was not directly associated with hypertension among middle-aged adults. Results also indicated that racial identity conditioned the discrimination-hypertension relationship in distinct ways across age groups. DISCUSSION Findings underscore the significance of racial identity as sources of both psychosocial vulnerability and resilience for minority aging. Clinicians and public health professionals should consider racial identity beyond young adulthood to promote healthy aging via hypertension management among Black Americans.