Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stratigraphic filtering, Part II: Model spectra

We describe filtering by short‐period multiples in one dimension using a combination of the O’Doherty‐Anstey (1971) formula with a stochastic model in which the autocorrelation of acoustic impedance decreases exponentially with lag M=M0exp(-4πf,c|T-T′|), while the spectrum of reflection coefficients rises with frequency up to a corner, then is approximately constant, R=R∞(f/fc)21+(f/fc)2. An impedance log with these statistics is a generalization of the classic random telegraph wave. The parameter M0, the mean‐square fractional fluctuation of impedance, is typically less than 1 percent, although we show an example where it is as high as 13 percent. The corner frequency fc is inversely related to average bed thickness. Typical values are 50–100 Hz, at the upper end of the normal seismic band. The cyclic stratification discussed by O’Doherty and Anstey (1971) and others corresponds to fc above the seismic band. Some logs have more reflection power at low frequencies than predicted from high frequencies by t.
Stable polar gas disks in triaxial S0 galaxies.

It has been proposed that some ''spindle'' galaxies, i.e., galaxies with rings or disks aligned along the projected minor axis of the light distribution, are SO galaxies seen edge-on with gas orbiting in a plane perpendicular to the stellar disk (polar orbit). In a real galaxy, the introduction of an oval distortion in the plane of the stellar disk, i.e., triaxiality, is a requirement for the stability of a polar gas disk. We use an analytic method to determine the likelihood of finding stable polar orbits in galaxies with differing degrees of triaxiality. With a simple ellipsoidal model for the galactic mass distribution, we determine, as a function of the ellipsoid's axial ratios, the fraction of all possible orbit orientations which will result in gas settling into a polar orbit as a result of dissipative differential precession. Even small deviations from axial symmetry are sufficient to make gas settling into stable polar orbits reasonably probable.
Infection of Diabetes Foot Caused by Carbapenem-Resistant Proteus penneri Mediated by a Novel Plasmid Containing blaNDM

Objective A strain of Proteus penneri with carbapenem resistance was found in a patient with a diabetic foot infection. We studied drug resistance, genome, and homology of P. penneri to support clinical prevention and treatment of infection caused by carbapenem-resistant P. penneri (CR-PPE). Methods The strains were obtained through bacterial culture from purulence. VITEK 2 compact (GN13) and Kirby–Bauer (K-B) disk diffusion methods were used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Ceftriaxone, amikacin, gentamicin, ampicillin, aztreonam, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, cefepime, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tobramycin, cefotetan, piperacillin-tazobactam, ampicillin-sulbactam, ertapenem, piperacillin, meropenem, cefuroxime, cefazolin, cefoperazone/sulbactam, cefoxitin, and imipenem were used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. After bacterial genome extraction, sequencing, and sequence assembly, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed to explore the CR-PPE genotype. Results CR-PPE was resistant to two carbapenems (imipenem and ertapenem), ceftriaxone, and cefazolin, and was sensitive to aztreonam, piperacillin-tazobactam, and cefotetan. WGS results depict that the resistant phenotype of CR-PPE is consistent with the genotype, without common virulence genes of Enterobacteriaceae bacteria detected (virulence factor database). The carbapenem resistance gene blaNMD-1 is contained in a new plasmid, pWF127-NDM. The transposon Tn125 in pWF127-NDM carrying blaNMD-1 has almost the same structure as Tn125 in the reference plasmid pHFK418-NDM (Accession: MH491967). In addition, through phylogenetic analysis, CR-PPE depicts the closest evolutionary relationship with GCF 024129515.1, which was found in Gallus gallus in the Czech Republic in 2019 (downloaded from National Center for Biotechnology Information database). According to the evolutionary tree, CR-PPE has high homology with the two P. penneri strains found in China. Conclusion CR-PPE exhibits strong drug resistance owing to the presence of multiple resistance genes. CR-PPE infection should receive more attention, especially in patients with underlying diseases, such as diabetes and weak immunity.
Pseudo-random numbers. The exact distribution of pairs

4bstract. Pseudo-random numbers are usually generated by linear congruential methods. Starting with an integer yo, a sequence (y1 j is constructed by yi+1 _ ay; + r (mod m), m, a, r being integers. The derived fractions xi _ y,/mn are taken as samples from the uniform distribution on [0, 1). In this paper it is shown that the joint probability distribution of pairs xi, xi+, cani be calculated exactly. Explicit calculations slhow that this distribution is surprisingly near to the uniform distribution for most 'reasonable' generators. The best approximation to the uniform distribution on the unit-square is achieved if the continued frawtion for at and m (or at and mr/I) is long.
Strategic studies and cyber warfare

ABSTRACT This article explores the fashion/popularity of the idea that the exercise of cyber power is a form of warfare. Specifically, the article explains the recent decline of the cyber warfare fashion in academia and discusses its implications for strategic studies. To achieve this, we synthesize observations from previous studies with new quantitative and qualitative data. The article contributes to a growing body of literature by tracing and explaining the history of a particular theme within strategic studies.
A heuristic rule for routing customers to parallel servers

A practically important problem is the assignment of stochastically arriving service requests to one of several parallel service groups so as to minimize the long‐run average sojourn time per service request. An exact solution of this multi‐dimensional optimization problem is computationally infeasible. A simple heuristic solution method yielding a good suboptimal rule will be given for the case of server groups with different and generally distributed service times. This solution method is based on a decomposition approach and first principles from Markov decision theory. The main idea of the heuristic method is to apply one step of policy improvement to the best Bernoulli‐splitting rule.
A cluster expansion formula (A n case)

We consider the Ptolemy cluster algebras, which are cluster algebras of nite type A (with non-trivial coecien ts) that have been described by Fomin and Zelevinsky using triangulations of a regular polygon. Given any seed in a Ptolemy cluster algebra, we present a formula for the expansion of an arbitrary cluster variable in terms of the cluster variables of the seed . Our formula is given in a combinatorial way, using paths on a triangulation of the polygon that corresponds to the seed .
Long-term Outcome of Body Composition, Ectopic Lipid, and Insulin Resistance Changes With Surgical Treatment of Acromegaly

Abstract Context Acromegaly presents a unique pattern of lower adiposity and insulin resistance in active disease but reduction in insulin resistance despite a rise in adiposity after surgery. Depot-specific adipose tissue masses and ectopic lipid are important predictors of insulin resistance in other populations, but whether they are in acromegaly is unknown. Long-term persistence of body composition changes after surgery is unknown. Objective To determine how depot-specific body composition and ectopic lipid relate to insulin resistance in active acromegaly and whether their changes with surgery are sustained long-term. Methods Cross-sectional study in patients with active acromegaly and longitudinal study in newly diagnosed patients studied before and in long-term follow-up, 3 (1-8) years (median, range), after surgery. Seventy-one patients with active acromegaly studied cross-sectionally and 28 with newly diagnosed acromegaly studied longitudinally. Main outcome measures were visceral (VAT), subcutaneous (SAT), and intermuscular adipose tissue masses by whole-body magnetic resonance imaging; intrahepatic lipid (IHL) by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy; insulin resistance measures derived from fasting; and oral glucose tolerance test insulin and glucose levels. Results SAT and insulin-like growth factor 1 level, but not VAT or IHL, were independent predictors of insulin resistance in active acromegaly. VAT, SAT, and IHL gains were sustained long-term after surgery. VAT mass rise with surgery correlated inversely with rise in QUICKI while SAT rise correlated with fall in the Homeostatic Model Assessment score. Conclusion SAT and disease activity are important predictors of insulin resistance in active acromegaly. Adiposity gains are sustained long-term after surgical treatment and impact on the accompanying improvement in insulin resistance.
survey to describe beef producer opinions on antibiotic use and consumer perceptions of antibiotics in the beef industry

Antibiotic use is of interest to all involved in the beef industry, including producers, veterinarians, and consumers. Beef producers and veterinarians are constantly working together to improve animal health and production, especially in regards to antibiotic use. This survey was created by industry veterinarians at Kansas State University to explore producers' use of antibiotics in the beef industry, their opinions on antibiotic resistance, and their perceptions of consumer opinions of antibiotic use. To date, no other literature exists exploring these topics at the producer level.
Transposition of the Theories Describing Superconducting Systems to Molecular Systems. Method of Biorbitals

A new theory of the electronic structure of molecules is proposed, based on a wavefunction of the following type: φSCF−BI=NAψ(1,2)ψ(3,4)···ψ(2N···1,2N). This wavefunction is called the self‐consistent‐field biorbital wavefunction, and the factors ψ(i, j) are called biorbitals. This function is discussed, the corresponding energy expression is derived, and the variational equations leading to the best possible φSCF–BI are presented. This theory is the molecular version of Blatt's theory of superconducting systems.
Predictive Value of Inflammatory and Nutritional Indexes in the Pathology of Bladder Cancer Patients Treated with Radical Cystectomy

In recent years, the focus of numerous studies has been the predictive value of inflammatory and nutritional parameters in oncology patients. The aim of our study was to examine the relationship between the inflammatory and nutritional parameters and the histopathological characteristics of patients with bladder cancer. A retrospective study included 491 patients who underwent radical cystectomy for bladder cancer between 2017 and 2021. We calculated the preoperative values of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (dNLR), the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), the systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), the prognostic nutritional index (PNI), and the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI). Statistically significant positive correlations were observed between NLR, dNLR, SII, SIRI, and PLR and the pathological stage of the tumor. We observed statistically significant inverse correlations for LMR, PNI, and GNRI with the tumor stage. SIRI was identified as an independent predictor of the presence of LVI. dNLR was identified as an independent predictor of positive surgical margins. GNRI was identified as an independent predictor of the presence of metastases in the lymph nodes. We noticed the predictive value of SIRI, dNLR, and GNRI in the pathology of bladder cancer patients.
Superhydrophilic TiO2 surface without photocatalytic activation

Since the discovery of extreme surface wetting phenomenon induced by ultraviolet photocatalysis, TiO2 has become the material of choice for environmental friendly applications such as self-cleaning coatings. Nevertheless, it remains a significant challenge to realize surfaces exhibiting persistent superhydrophilicity but without the need of external stimuli. We report a bioinspired TiO2 nanostructure that shows extreme superhydrophilicity without the need of light activation, and with stability against successive wetting-dewetting cycles. This ultimate TiO2 wetting surface exhibits high transmittance from near ultraviolet to the infrared, thus enabling practical antifogging technologies where transparency is critical.
Chebyshev finite-difference method for the effects of Hall and ion-slip currents on magneto-hydrodynamic flow with variable thermal conductivity

In this paper, the problem of heat transfer to the magneto-hydrodynamic flow of a micropolar, viscous, incompressible, and electrically conducting fluid from an isothermal stretching sheet with suction and blowing through a porous medium under the effects of Hall and ion-slip currents and variable thermal conductivity is studied numerically by using the Chebyshev finite-difference method. The governing fundamental equations on the assumption of a small magnetic Reynolds number are approximated by a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Details of the velocities and temperature fields are presented for the various values of the parameters of the problem, e.g., the magnetic, Hall, ion-slip, porous, thermal conductivity, and surface mass transfer parameters. The numerical results indicate that the velocity and the angular velocity increase as the permeability parameter increases. Also, the temperature decreases as the permeability parameter increases but it increases as the thermal conductivit.
Linking Ice‐Phase Microphysics to Raindrop Characteristics in Deep Convection: A Warm‐Sector Extreme Rainfall Case Study in Eastern China

In this study, we examine the evolution of ice‐phase microphysics [polarimetric radar signatures and identified graupel and hail (GH) (hereafter, GH) distributions] and raindrop characteristics [drop size distribution (DSD) and rainfall intensity] in a warm‐sector extreme rainfall case during the Meiyu period in Eastern China. Deep convection is identified in this rainstorm, raindrop characteristics are found to be deeply affected by the GH distribution condition, heavy rainfall (rain rate >20 mmh−1 $\mathrm{m}\mathrm{m}\,{\mathrm{h}}^{-1}$ ) is basically contributed by convective samples with GH identified aloft. As GH height rises, number concentration and mean size of raindrops increase accordingly, leading to the growth of rainfall intensity. Extreme rainfall (rain rate >100 mmh−1 $\mathrm{m}\mathrm{m}\,{\mathrm{h}}^{-1}$ ) is majorly induced by deep convection with hail or widespread (over 10 km level) graupel, melting of the abundant highly‐rimed particles plays a dominant role in generating high concentration raindrops. By revealing the link between GH distribution conditions and raindrop characteristics, the study helps to understand the specific role of ice‐phase processes to the formation of low‐level raindrops in deep convection.
Current Downhole Corrosion Control Solutions and Trends in the Oil and Gas Industry: A Review

In the oil and gas industry, the presence of aggressive fluids and gases can cause serious corrosion problems. Multiple solutions have been introduced to the industry to minimize corrosion occurrence probability in recent years. They include cathodic protection, utilization of advanced metallic grades, injection of corrosion inhibitors, replacement of the metal parts with composite solutions, and deposition of protective coatings. This paper will review the advances and developments in the design of corrosion protection solutions. The publication highlights crucial challenges in the oil and gas industry to be solved upon the development of corrosion protection methods. According to the stated challenges, existing protective systems are summarized with emphasis on the features that are essential for oil and gas production. Qualification of corrosion protection performance based on international industrial standards will be depicted in detail for each type of corrosion protection system. Forthcoming challenges for the engineering of next-generation materials for corrosion mitigation are discussed to highlight the trends and forecasts of emerging technology development. We will also discuss the advances in nanomaterial and smart material development, enhanced ecological regulations, and applications of complex multifunctional solutions for corrosion mitigation which have become of great importance in recent decades.
Determination of internal parameters for AlGaN-cladding-free m-plane InGaN/GaN laser diodes

The dependence of device characteristics on cavity length is used to determine the injection efficiency, internal loss, and material gain of electrically injected AlGaN-cladding-free m-plane InGaN/GaN laser diodes. Estimates for the transparency carrier density are discussed in the context of recombination coefficients that have been reported for c-plane InGaN-based light-emitting devices.
Utilisation d'une formulation mixte (éléments finis-intégrale de frontière) pour modéliser les systèmes électromagnétiques

Dans cet article, nous presentons une formulation integrale de Trefftz appliquee a l'etude des phenomenes electromagnetiques. Nous montrons comment, en couplant cette methode avec celle des elements finis, on peut etendre le champ d'investigation de la methode des elements finis. Pour valider la methode, nous modelisons un electro-aimant, les resultats numeriques sont compares aux resultats experimentaux.
Biomechanical evaluation of a novel biomimetic artificial intervertebral disc in canine cervical cadaveric spines

Cervical disc replacement (CDR) aims to restore motion of the treated level to reduce the risk of adjacent segment disease (ASD) compared with spinal fusion. However, first‐generation articulating devices are unable to mimic the complex deformation kinematics of a natural disc. Thus, a biomimetic artificial intervertebral CDR (bioAID), containing a hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA)—sodium methacrylate (NaMA) hydrogel core representing the nucleus pulposus, an ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight‐polyethylene fiber jacket as annulus fibrosus, and titanium endplates with pins for primary mechanical fixation, was developed.
Thermodynamic Transformations in Magnetically Polarizable Undeformable Media

Abstract In this paper the problem of magnetically undeformable polarizable media in the presence of an electromagnetic field is analyzed from a thermodynamic viewpoint. The thermodynamic transformations are explicited as functions in the state space in which one of the variables, characterizing the magnetic polarization, is given as an internal variable. The entropy form along the thermodynamic transformation is calculated for para- and diamagnetic media and the necessary conditions for its existence are given.
Control Strategies for an Idealized Public Transportation System

Vehicles load passengers at a single service point and, after traversing some route, return for another trip. The travel times of successive trips are independent identically distributed random variables with a known distribution function. After a vehicle returns to the service point, one has the option of holding it, or dispatching it immediately. Passengers arrive at a uniform rate and the objective is to minimize the average wait per passenger. The problem of determining the optimal strategy (dispatch or hold) for a system of m vehicles is formulated as a dynamic programming problem. It is analyzed in detail for m = 1 and m = 2. For m = 1, the optimal strategy will hold a vehicle if it returns within less than about half the mean trip time. For m = 2, and for a small coefficient of variation of trip time C ( T ), the optimal strategy will control the vehicles so as to retain nearly equally spaced dispatch times, within a range of time proportional to C 4/3 ( T ).
Adini‐Q1‐P3 FEM for general elastic multi‐structure problems

An Adini‐Q1‐P3 finite element method is introduced to solve general elastic multi‐structure problems, where displacements on bodies, longitudinal displacements on plates, longitudinal displacements and rotational angles on rods are discretized by conforming linear (bilinear or trilinear) elements, and transverse displacements on plates and rods are discretized by Adini elements and Hermite elements of third order, respectively. The unique solvability and optimal error estimates in the energy norm are established for the discrete method, whose numerical performance is illustrated by some numerical examples. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 27: 1092–1112, 2011
Avalanche dynamics in the Bak-Sneppen evolution model observed with a standard distribution width of fitness

We introduce the standard distribution width of fitness to characterize the global and individual features of an ecosystern described by the Bak-Sneppen evolution model. Through tracking this quantity in evolution, a different hierarchy of avalanche dynamics, the w(0) avalanche, is observed. The corresponding gap equation and the self-organized threshold w(c) are obtained. The critical exponents tau, gamma and rho, which describe the behaviour of the avalanche size distribution, the average avalanche size and the relaxation to attractor, respectively, are calculated by numerical simulation. The exact master equation and gamma equation are derived, and the scaling relations are established among the critical exponents of this new avalanche.
Figure–Ground Segmentation and Biological Motion Perception in Peripheral Visual Field

Biological motion perception is a specific type of perceptual organization, during which a clear image of a moving human body is perceptually generated in virtue of certain core light dots representing the major joint movements. While the processes of biological motion perception have been studied extensively for almost a century, there is still a debate on whether biological motion task performance can be equally precise across all visual field or is central visual field specified for biological motion perception. The current study explores the processes of biological motion perception and figure–ground segmentation in the central and peripheral visual field, expanding the understanding of perceptual organization across different eccentricities. The method involved three different tasks of visual grouping: (1) a static visual grouping task, (2) a dynamic visual grouping task, and (3) a biological motion detection task. The stimuli in (1) and (2) were generated from 12–13 dots grouped by proximity and common fate, and, in (3), light dots representing human motion. All stimuli were embedded in static or dynamics visual noise and the threshold value for the number of noise dots in which the elements could still be grouped by proximity and/or common fate was determined. The results demonstrate that biological motion can be differentiated from the scrambled set of moving dots in a more intensive visual noise than static and dynamic visual grouping tasks. Furthermore, in all three visual tasks (static and dynamic grouping, and biological motion detection) the performance was significantly worse in the periphery than in the central visual field, and object magnification could not compensate for the reduced performance in any of the three grouping tasks. The preliminary results of nine participants indicate that (a) human motion perception involves specific perceptual processes, providing the high-accuracy perception of the human body and (b) the processes of figure–ground segmentation are governed by the bottom-up processes and the best performance can be achieved only when the object is demonstrated in the central visual field.