Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Beyond the Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscus in Proprioception and Stroke: A White Matter Investigation

Proprioceptive deficits are common following stroke, yet the white matter involved in proprioception is poorly understood. Evidence suggests that multiple cortical regions are involved in proprioception, each connected by major white matter tracts, namely: Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus (branches I, II and III), Arcuate Fasciculus and Middle Longitudinal Fasciculus (SLF I, SLF II, SLF III, AF and MdLF respectively). However, direct evidence on the involvement of these tracts in proprioception is lacking. Diffusion imaging was used to investigate the proprioceptive role of the SLF I, SLF II, SLF III, AF and MdLF in 26 participants with stroke, and seven control participants without stroke. Proprioception was assessed using a robotic Arm Position Matching (APM) task, performed in a Kinarm Exoskeleton robotic device. Lesions impacting each tract resulted in worse APM task performance. Lower Fractional Anisotropy (FA) was also associated with poorer APM task performance for the SLF II, III, AF and MdLF. Finally, connectivity data surrounding the cortical regions connected by each tract accurately predicted APM task impairments post-stroke. This study highlights the importance of major cortico–cortical white matter tracts, particularly the SLF III and AF, for accurate proprioception after stroke. It advances our understanding of the white matter tracts responsible for proprioception.
Protostellar collapse in a self-gravitating sheet

We present preliminary calculations of protostellar cloud collapse starting from an isothermal, self-gravitating gaseous layer in hydrostatic equilibrium. This gravitationally unstable layer collapses into a flattened or toroidal density distribution, even in the absence of rotation or magnetic fields. We suggest that the flat infalling envelope recently observed in HL Tau by Hayashi et al.is the result of collapse from an initially nonspherical layer. We also speculate that the later evolution of such a flattened, collapsing envelope can produce a structure similar to the 'flared disk' invoked by Kenyon and Hartmann to explain the infrared excesses of many T Tauri stars.
The Role of Trehalose-producing Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Azotobacter chroococcum in Enhancing Salinity Tolerance of Zea mays Plants

Salinity is one of the most potent abiotic elements in nature and is damaging to both plants and microbes. Osmostress response in bacteria involves the accumulation of small organic compounds called compatible solutes as trehalose. In this work the synthesis and accumulation of trehalose by Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain (ARC 517) were investigated. Different sources of carbon, nitrogen, initial pH, and inoculum level were studied in order to increase trehalose productivity. An optimal production medium containing glucose and yeast extract was found suitable for trehalose production. The results showed that keeping the pH of the culture broth at 6.0 is important for trehalose production. Moreover the optimal level of inoculum was 4.0%. The optimized parameters gave a maximum trehalose production of 22.65 mg ml-1. Scanning electron microscope showed that cells of B. japonicum that enhanced for trehalose was aggregated and became the longest with length about 3 times higher than that of control. The results of field experiment revealed that, the Zea mays plants treated with B. japonicum strain (ARC 517) that enhanced for trehalose + Azotobacter chroococcum retained higher relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll content, K+/Na+ ratio as compared to other treatments. Positive correlation between trehalose overproduction and high-yield parameters were observed under saline conditions. These findings suggest that trehalose overproduction could be a beneficial characteristic for biofertilizers.
Characteristics of the Response of Sea Surface Temperature in the Central Pacific Associated with Warm Episodes of the Southern Oscillation

Abstract The zonal distribution of sea surface temperature (SST) in the equatorial Pacific (4°N-4°S, 120°E-80°W) associated with El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has been studied by using the seasonal mean file of the Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (COADS) for the period 1940 to 1983. Although the warmest ocean area in the western central Pacific exhibits very little annual variation, it is very sensitive to the ENSO, displaying large variability during such episodes. The eastward migration of this warmest area (28.5°C isotherm is used here as a criterion related to strong tropical convection and heavy rainfall) is a common feature in the developing stage of almost all ENSO events since 1940, not only for the event of 1982. The extent of its eastward migration varies from event to event and represents a large contribution to the interannual variability of zonal SST distribution in the equatorial Pacific, comparable to the behavior of the equatorial cold tongue in the east The spread of the war.
InGaAsP heterostructure avalanche photodiodes with high avalanche gain

Distinct improvements in avalanche‐gain and dark‐current characteristics have been made in InGaAsP heterostructure APD’s. A planar‐type p‐n junction is formed in an InP window layer, separated from a light‐absorbing InGaAsP layer. This APD structure has yielded an avalanche gain of 3000 and a dark‐current density as low a 1 μA/cm2 at 0.5 Vb.
TURBINE VANE CASCADE HEAT TRANSFER PREDICTIONS USING A MODIFIED VERSION OF THE γ × Reοt % LAMINAR-TURBULENT TRANSITION MODEL

Numerical simulation of heat transfer influenced by laminar-turbulent transition phenomena is of the great practical interest, especially for gas turbine cascades. For a long time, boundary-layer solvers involving one or another empirically-derived correlation for transition onset were used by engineers for turbine-blade heat transfer prediction. Since the boundary-layer approach has many well-known limitations, today there is a pronounced trend to replace it by computations with advanced NavierStokes solvers which incorporate some of differential-equation models for transition prediction. A number of differential-equation transition models suggested in the literature can be divided into two groups. The first group covers the models that do not involve any correlation derived from experiments for transitional boundary layers. Recent examples are the transition calibration of the Menter SST model [Langtry & Sjolander 2002], and the k-kl-ω model suggested by Walters and Leylek [2005] and implemented in particular into the ANSYS-FLUENT package. Transitional models belonging to the second group directly use empirical data for transition onset, and because of that they can be treated as potentially more reliable. Among these models, the correlation-based γ Re t θ % model developed by Menter et al [2004] is of special interest for implementation into modern CFD codes since it does not involve any non-local variables, as compared with some other models of that kind [e.g., Steelant & Dick 2001]. This model has been implemented first into the ANSYS-CFX package, and recently into the ANSYS-FLUENT. A specific situation concerning the original γ Re t θ % model description was in that two empirically-derived correlations were deemed proprietary and closed for public. However, considering the original model as a framework, there is a possibility to carry out independently the process of calibrating the key correlations (including the two missing) using published data on transitional boundary-layers. It has been demonstrated in particular in a recent work by Malan et al [2009] aimed at implementation of the γ Re t θ % model into the STAR-CCM+ package. Moreover, essential modifications and additional correlations may be introduced to improve the model accuracy. In the present contribution, a modified version of the γ Re t θ % model is given together with results of its application to transonic vane cascade heat transfer predictions.
The Partial Inverse Minimum Connected Spanning Subgraph Problem with Given Cyclomatic Number

In this paper, we consider a partial inverse problem of minimum connected spanning subgraph with cyclomatic number . That is, given a subgraph, a cyclomatic number and a constraint that the edge weights can only decrease, we want to modify the edge weights as little as possible, so that there exists a minimum connected spanning subgraph with cyclomatic number and containing the given subgraph. For the case that the given subgraph is a connected subgraph with cyclomatic number , we solve the problem in polynomial time by contracting the subgraph. And when the given subgraph is a spanning tree, we solve the problem in polynomial time by using the MST algorithm.
A search for X-ray emission from optically quiet, compact radio sources

A search for X-ray emission from optically quiet, compact radio sources reveals that such sources are significantly weaker X-ray emitters than are optically identified objects with comparable radio properties. For the radio samples examined here, the X-ray luminosity, relative to the radio, is typically at least 3 times lower in the optically quiet, compact radio sources than in the optically identified ones. Possible reasons for the distinction between optically quiet, compact radio sources and other compact radio sources are discussed. If strong nonthermal sources occur in the nuclei of dust-rich galaxies and do not eliminate the dust and gas of the interstellar medium, a few percent of such sources should be optically faint and red (due to extinction by dust) and X-ray weak (due to K-edge absorption). However, many optically quiet, compact radio sources are apparently 'blazars' with particularly sharp high-frequency breaks in their synchrotron spectra.
Responses of Spring Barley to Zn- and Cd-Induced Stress: Morphometric Analysis and Cytotoxicity Assay

Heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) could be dangerous and pollute the environment due to their high migration ability, robust bioavailability, and acute toxicity to soil biota and plants. Considering the above characteristics of these elements, the study’s aim was to explore the individual and combined impact of Cd and Zn contamination of Haplic Chernozem on growing two-row spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The accumulation and distribution of Cd and Zn in various parts of H. vulgare have also been studied, which showed that Cd accumulation by H. vulgare occurred more intensely than that by Zn up to eight times. Cadmium and Zn suppress plant growth up to two times, more effect was noted by the combined impact of Cd and Zn. The study of plant morphological characteristics revealed that growth suppression and structural changes in the root and leaf tissues increased in proportion to Cd and Zn concentrations. Detailed analysis of the localizations of Zn and Cd in various organelles of H. vulgare cells was performed. Heavy metals change the ultrastructure of prominent energy-producing organelles in leaf cells, especially chloroplasts and mitochondria. Overall, the current findings offer insights into phytotoxicity induced by Cd and Zn individual application as well as in combination with the H. vulgare plant. Zinc showed protective effects against high doses of Cd under the combined application. These antagonistic interactions reduce their accessibility to H. vulgare. The present work can be useful in restricting the entry of these elements into the food chain and preventing creating a threat to human health.
Loosely Coupled Simulation for Two-Dimensional Ablation and Shape Change

The central focus of this study is to demonstrate that time-accurate solutions for multidimensional ablation and shapechange of thermal protection system materials may be obtained by loose coupling of a high-fidelity flow solver with a material thermal response code. In this study, the flow code solves the nonequilibrium Navier–Stokes equations using the data-parallel line-relaxation (DPLR) method. The material response code is the latest version of the Two-dimensional Implicit Thermal Response and Ablation Program (TITAN). In TITAN, the governing equations, which include a three-component decomposition model and a surface energy balance with thermochemical ablation, are solved with a robust moving-grid scheme to predict the shape change caused by surface recession. Coupling between the material response and flow codes is required for many multidimensional ablation simulations, because the magnitude and distribution of the surface heat flux are very sensitive to shape change. This paper demonstrates the application of the TITAN-DPLR system to problems with large-scale recession and shape change.Ablationandthermalresponsesimulationsarepresentedforiso-qand flat-facedarc-jettestmodelsandalso for a wedge with a cylindrical leading edge exposed to hypersonic flow at various angles of attack.
Dye-doped PQ-PMMA phase holographic materials for DFB lasing

Phase holographic materials based on phenanthrenquinone (PQ) in poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) matrices additionally doped with laser dyes (LD) have been developed and investigated. It was found that the holographic properties of the dye-doped materials are almost the same as that of pure PQ-PMMA. In particular, the amplification of the holographic gratings due to post-exposure diffusion was demonstrated. An amplitude of the refractive index modulation of about 3 × 10−3 was achieved for the enhanced gratings with periods in the range of 0.3–30 μm. Homogeneous distribution of PQ and LD in the enhanced gratings was found by means of a microscope–spectrometer. Such doped volume gratings can be used for different optical and photonic applications. As one possible application of the gratings distributed feedback lasing was tested. A narrow-band second-order laser emission has been demonstrated in 18 μm thick volume gratings based on optimized PQ-PMMA materials doped with pyrromethene laser dyes.
On OB-type close binary stars

On presente une compilation des donnees de masses, rayons, temperatures effectives et luminosites pour un ensemble de 31 binaires de type spectral O-B5. Ces donnees sont comparees aux resultats de calculs d'evolutions stellaires pour des etoiles massives avec parametrages de la perte de masse par vent stellaire et surdeversement convectif
Phased Array Antenna Analysis Workflow Applied to Gateways for LEO Satellite Communications

Nowadays, mega-constellations of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites have become increasingly important to provide high-performance Internet access with global coverage. This paper provides an updated comparison of four of the largest LEO mega-constellations: Telesat, SpaceX, OneWeb and Amazon. It describes the gateway design workflow from the patch antenna to phased array analysis. Patch antennas are developed for both transmission and reception after a thorough examination of the four systems. The results of electromagnetic simulation using Advanced Design Software (ADS) Momentum are shown, including their radiation pattern. Finally, a model of the gateway phased array using SystemVue is obtained using hexagonal, circular, and square arrays. According to the required effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) and gain, the antenna sizes for the four constellations are estimated. As an example, for SpaceX constellation, a reception antenna with 8910 radiating elements using a hexagonal distribution with a gain of 46.9 dB and a sensitivity of −113.1 dBm was obtained.
Turbulent State in Chemical Reactions

Our qualitative conclusion from the above discussion is that the retardation of OBEP produces attractive effects on the nucleonnucleon scattering in free-space, in spite of the sign of nonretarded part of the potential. Finally, we show, as an example, our numerical results for the retarded effect of individual OBEP from the rr, o) and rJ mesons in Table I. The calculational method is the same as that described in Ref. 2).
Konzepte der Sturzrisikoabschätzung bei neurogeriatrischen Patienten

Neurogeriatrische Patienten sind sturzgefährdet. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt allgemeine, klinische und mobilitätsbezogene Sturzrisikofaktoren und gibt eine Übersicht zur Identifikation von sturzgefährdeten Patienten sowie praxisbezogene Instruktionen zur Durchführung eines strukturierten, multimodalen Sturzassessments. Die Routinediagnostik wird dadurch um standardisierte klinische Untersuchungen sowie apparative und mobile Bewegungsanalysen erweitert.
A unified Bayesian approach to kinetic model estimation in dynamic Positron Emission Tomography

Abstract We present a fully Bayesian statistical approach to the problem of compartmen-tal modelling in the context of Positron Emission Tomography. We cluster homoge-neous region of interest and perform kinetic parameter estimation simultaneously.A mixture modelling approach is adopted, incorporating both spatial and temporalinformation based on reconstructed dynamic PET image. Our modelling approachis ﬂexible, and provides uncertainty estimates for the estimated kinetic parameters.Crucially, the proposed method allows us to determine the unknown number of clus-ters, which has a great impact on resulting estimated kinetic parameters. We demon-strate our method on simulated dynamic Myocardial PET data, and show that ourmethod is superior to standard curve-ﬁtting approach. Keywords: PET, kinetic model, myocardium, spatial mixture model, MCMC 1 Introduction Dynamic Positron Emission Tomography (PET) can be used to measure tracer kineticsin vivo, from which physiological parameters, such as tissue perfusion, ligand receptorbinding potential, metabolic rates, can be determined using compartmental modelingtechniques.Conventional methods for kinetic parameter estimation deﬁne a region of interest(ROI) and estimate parameters based on the average. Such methods could be found inLammertsma and Hume (1996), Slifstein et al. (2008) and Nye et al. (2008). However, con-ventional methods do not consider spatial heterogeneity. Spatial heterogeneity can beincluded in voxel-wise estimation methods, which typically perform estimation on thevoxel-wise measurement of tracer concentration over time, i.e., the time-activity curve(TAC). Blood samples are usually drawn at appropriate sampling frequency and used asthe input to the model. Estimation of the kinetic parameters is typically carried out usinga minimum least squares approach (Gunn et al. 1997 ) or a basis function approach(Gunnet al. 2002). Given low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), some external constraints are used tostabilize parameter estimation. Smoothness regularization could be found in Kamasak
Linear and nonlinear optical properties of one-dimensional photonic crystals containing ZnO defects

The linear and nonlinear optical properties of one-dimensional photonic crystals containing ZnO defects were studied by linear absorption spectroscopy and the femtosecond Z-scan technique. Photonic crystals containing ZnO defects, (Ta2O5∕SiO2)5∕ZnO∕(SiO2∕Ta2O5)5, were prepared using electron-beam deposition and magnetron sputtering. The transmission spectra of these photonic crystals revealed a defect mode resonance and a broad photonic band gap. The observed transmission spectra could be described by applying the optical transfer matrix formalism to the multilayer structure. When compared with the Z-scan curve of the ZnO film, that of the resonant photonic crystal exhibited a larger transmittance dip. The enhancement of the nonlinear absorption in the resonant photonic crystal is due to the strong confinement of the optical field.
Lymphocyte Classification from Hoechst Stained Slides with Deep Learning

Simple Summary We train a deep neural network model to identify CD3 expressing cells from Hoechst stained slides only, without the need for costly immunofluorescence. Using interpretability techniques to understand what the model has learned, we find that morphological features in the nuclear chromatin are predictive of CD3 expression. Abstract Multiplex immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry benefit patients by allowing cancer pathologists to identify proteins expressed on the surface of cells. This enables cell classification, better understanding of the tumour microenvironment, and more accurate diagnoses, prognoses, and tailored immunotherapy based on the immune status of individual patients. However, these techniques are expensive. They are time consuming processes which require complex staining and imaging techniques by expert technicians. Hoechst staining is far cheaper and easier to perform, but is not typically used as it binds to DNA rather than to the proteins targeted by immunofluorescence techniques. In this work we show that through the use of deep learning it is possible to identify an immune cell subtype without immunofluorescence. We train a deep convolutional neural network to identify cells expressing the T lymphocyte marker CD3 from Hoechst 33342 stained tissue only. CD3 expressing cells are often used in key prognostic metrics such as assessment of immune cell infiltration, and by identifying them without the need for costly immunofluorescence, we present a promising new approach to cheaper prediction and improvement of patient outcomes. We also show that by using deep learning interpretability techniques, we can gain insight into the previously unknown morphological features which make this possible.
Active disturbance rejection formation control for multi-agent systems with multiple leaders

An active disturbance rejection formation tracking problem is studied herein. Aiming at the time-varying formation tracking problem with external disturbance, a distributed control strategy of formation tracking based on extended state observer is presented. Considering the unknown state and external disturbance of single agent, a special extended state observer is produced which uses the output of neighbors. Subsequently, the extended state observer output–based formation protocol is designed to implement a predetermined formation. In addition, the necessary and sufficient condition of formation tracking control is obtained by taking full advantage of matrix transformation and Lyapunov theory. In the end, there are three simulation instances to verify the validity and feasibility of this method, which is mentioned in this article.
Design of Cost-Efficient Optical Fronthaul for 5G/6G Networks: An Optimization Perspective

Currently, 5G and the forthcoming 6G mobile communication systems are the most promising cellular generations expected to beat the growing hunger for bandwidth and enable the fully connected world presented by the Internet of Everything (IoE). The cloud radio access network (CRAN) has been proposed as a promising architecture for meeting the needs and goals of 5G/6G (5G and beyond) networks. Nevertheless, the provisioning of cost-efficient connections between a large number of remote radio heads (RRHs) in the cell sites and the baseband unit (BBU) pool in the central location, known as the fronthaul, has emerged as a new challenge. Many wired and wireless solutions have been proposed to address this bottleneck. Specifically, optical technologies presented by passive optical networks (PONs) are introduced as the best suitable solution for 5G and beyond network fronthaul due to their properties of providing high capacity and low latency connections. We considered time and wavelength division multiplexed passive optical networks (TWDM-PONs) as a fronthaul for 5G and beyond. Taking that into consideration, in this paper, we propose an integer linear program (ILP) that results in the optimal optical fronthaul deployment while minimizing the total cost of 5G and beyond instances. However, for larger network instances, solving the ILP problem becomes unscalable and time-consuming. To address that, we developed two heuristic-based algorithms (the K-means clustering algorithm and the one based on the genetic algorithm—GA). We evaluated the suitability of our proposed ILP and heuristic algorithms in simulations by utilizing them to plan different network instances (dense and sparse).