Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Net Smart: How to Thrive Online

Like it or not, knowing how to make use of online tools without being overloaded with too much information is an essential ingredient to personal success in the twenty-first century. But how can we use digital media so that they make us empowered participants rather than passive receivers, grounded, well-rounded people rather than multitasking basket cases? In Net Smart, cyberculture expert Howard Rheingold shows us how to use social media intelligently, humanely, and, above all, mindfully. Mindful use of digital media means thinking about what we are doing, cultivating an ongoing inner inquiry into how we want to spend our time. Rheingold outlines five fundamental digital literacies, online skills that will help us do this: attention, participation, collaboration, critical consumption of information (or "crap detection"), and network smarts. He explains how attention works, and how we can use our attention to focus on the tiny relevant portion of the incoming tsunami of information. He describes the quality of participation that empowers the best of the bloggers, netizens, tweeters, and other online community participants; he examines how successful online collaborative enterprises contribute new knowledge to the world in new ways; and he teaches us a lesson on networks and network building. Rheingold points out that there is a bigger social issue at work in digital literacy, one that goes beyond personal empowerment. If we combine our individual efforts wisely, it could produce a more thoughtful society: countless small acts like publishing a Web page or sharing a link could add up to a public good that enriches everybody.
SPICE implementation of double barrier resonant tunnel diode model

A new Double Barrier Resonant Tunnel diode large-signal model suitable for SPICE simulation is presented in this paper. The model is based on the device I/V characteristic and can be successfully applied to simulating microwave applications such as oscillators, self-oscillating mixers, frequency multipliers, etc. The associated parameters required in this new model can be easily extracted from measured I/V curves.
An Extensive Study on Online, Offline and Hybrid MPPT Algorithms for Photovoltaic Systems

To moderate global warming, conventional fossil fuels are depleted. As the population increased with the rising standard of living and industrial growth, the global environment is affected and cause the greenhouse gases occurrence, which are frequently increased by unlimited use of fossil fuels. The generation of electric power loads increases the power demand on the basics of modern power technology development. Several benefits can be attained by installing the distribution generation with the quality and reliability of power delivered. However, the global energy problem can be resolved by renewable energy sources as an alternative energy generation. Technological developments in the last decade have increased the use of renewable energy sources. In worldwide, several renewable energy sources are used to attain their own power demand. The photovoltaic (PV) generation is the essential renewable energy source to serve the increasing electrical loads. The fastest-growing PV system has the naturally available energy sources of robust evolution with elegant benefits. The foremost objective of this paper is to examine the performance of the PV system with various Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms. The solar irradiance and temperature make it complex to track the MPPT of PV systems. This review is about various MPPT algorithms like online, offline, and hybrid methods. The selected algorithms from each discussion are simulated in MATLAB/Simulink environment to match their performance in footings of the dynamic response and efficiency of the PV system under the variations of solar irradiance and temperature. An explanation and discussion of the PV system are achieved with the study of different types of MPPT algorithms of PV systems.
Detecção de transgênicos em alimentos utilizando a técnica Multiplex-PCR

From 1996 to 2006, the proportion of the global area of biotech crops growing in developing countries has increased consistently. In the last ten years, over 40 countries have adopted policies for the labeling of genetically modified food, but the regulations characteristics and their degree of implementation varies greatly. The effects of these policies on consumer choice and information, on food trade and international trade also vary significantly. In Brazil, the Decree No. 4.680/03 regulates the right to consumers information, provided by Law No. 8078/90, on food and food ingredients intended for human or animal consumption containing or produced from genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Compliance with regulation on the marketing of foods and ingredients containing GMOs is totally dependent on the sensitivity and reliability of methods of detection and quantification of GMOs. Among the existing methods, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the most accepted, sensitive and reliable for the detection of genetically modified material in routine. The multiplex PCR is used on the screening of GMO in food because its able to detect simultaneously several transgenic, being a less time and reagents consuming method, making the process of detection cheaper. In the present study, duplex PCR was tested for the detection of genetically modified soybeans tolerant to the herbicide glyphosate (Roundup Ready) and a multiplex PCR was tested for the simultaneous detection of three lineages of transgenic maize (MON810, Bt11 and Bt176) in samples of human food and feed. Two methodologies were used for extraction of DNA from samples: the CTAB method (already used by INCQS) and DNeasy® Mini kit. The results were compared to the standard method used by INCQS. Out of the fourty samples, thirty samples were positive for the presence of Roundup Ready soybeans, fourteen were positive for at least one of the GM corn studied. Nine were positive for MON 810 maize, three were positive for Bt 11 maize, and five were positive for Bt 176 maize. The method proved to be robust and can be used on a routine for the detection of GMOs in food.
Alleviating Role of Gibberellic Acid in Enhancing Plant Growth and Stimulating Phenolic Compounds in Carrot (Daucus carota L.) under Lead Stress

Toxicity of heavy-metals in soil is a major constraint for the production of carrots (Daucus carota L.). Different plant growth regulators are being used to overcome this problem. It has been found that plant growth regulators induce stress tolerance in plants. In this study, the role of exogenously applied plant growth regulator, gibberellic acid (GA3) was examined in soil grown two carrot cultivars under four different levels of lead (0, 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg) with one level of gibberellic acid (50 ppm). Results showed that Pb stress retarded the plant growth and reduced chlorophyll contents in the leaves of both carrot cultivars. A significant decrease was observed in photosynthetic attributes by Pb addition alone. However, exogenously applied GA3 ameliorated the plant growth and chlorophyll contents in the leaves of both carrot cultivars under Pb stressed conditions. Moreover, GA3 also decreased the uptake of Pb concentration in carrot leaves and roots. In addition, GA3 significantly regulated the phenolic compounds concentration in both carrot cultivars under Pb stress. In this study, cultivar T-29 was found to be more tolerant to Pb stress, however, cultivar Mevarick experienced higher damage regarding plant growth under Pb stress.
Advances in the CVD growth of graphene for electronics applications

Graphene, a monoatomic sheet of graphite, has recently received significant attention because of its potential impact in a wide variety of research areas. This thesis presents progress on improving the quality of graphene for electronics applications. An analysis tool was developed that provides a fast and scalable way to reveal the defectiveness of CVD grown graphene. This approach relies on a graphene passivated etching process that was found to be sensitive to structural defects in the graphene film. A strong correlation between the density of structural defects and the electron mobility emphasizes their importance for high quality graphene devices. The dimensions of graphene defects were found to be nanometer-sized and it was demonstrated that the defects exhibit novel fluid dynamical properties. The graphene synthesis process was investigated using the described analysis tool and the kinetics of graphene formation was revealed. The influence of promoters on the growth process was described and analyzed. The new insight into the growth process was applied to a novel approach to directly synthesize graphene patterns by catalyst passivation. Several advantages of this method over existing fabrication schemes were described and a number of applications based on these improvements were shown. Acknowledgements I want to thank my advisors, Professor Mildred S. Dresselhaus and Professor Jing Kong, for offering me the opportunity to do research in their groups, for their support and for being role models in many more fields than science. I am very grateful for the chance to interact with many amazing people during my stay in MIT and Boston: e Lab mates, who taught me not only skills but excitement for research. * Friends, who made Boston less gray and Wednesdays more exciting. * Collaborators, whose effort improved my work and understanding. * Supporters, who helped navigate the challenges of student life. * Visitors, who shared their culture and broadened my view * Students, who taught me while I trained them. 0 Hosts, who opened new worlds to me. Meiner Familie sei gedankt fUr ihre Unterstfitzung. Finally, I want to thank you for your interest in this work. Table of
Removing Race from Kidney Disease Diagnosis.

Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois Kidney Medicine Section, Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Towards fuzzy logic standardization

In 1991, the German Association of Mechanical and Electrical Engineers (VDI/VDE) established the working group UA451, focusing on "Fuzzy Logic and Fuzzy Control", in its Measurement and Automation Chapter (GMA). The group is made up of a number of European pioneers in fuzzy logic applications, as well as leading fuzzy logic software and hardware suppliers. Its company members include: Allen-Bradley, Foxboro/Eckardt, Inform Software, Intel, Klockner-Moeller, Microchip Technologies, National Semiconductor, SGS-Thomson, Siemens Semiconductor, and Texas Instruments. To promote fuzzy logic in industrial applications, the group focuses on two activities: providing information platforms for designers to exchange project experiences and fuzzy logic standardization. This paper presents some of the intermediate results of the standardization activities.
Rear side dielectrics on interdigitating p+-(i)-n+ back-contact solar cells − hydrogenation vs. charge effects

Polysilicon-on-oxide (POLO) passivating contacts and interdigitated back-contact (IBC) cell technologies have recently attracted a lot of interest as candidates for the implementation in the next generation of solar cells. An IBC cell with POLO junctions for both polarities − a POLO2-IBC cell − has to electrically isolate the highly defective p+ and n+ poly-Si regions on the rear side of the cell to avoid parasitic recombination. Inserting an initially undoped, intrinsic (i) region between the p+ and n+ poly-Si regions was demonstrated to successfully prevent the parasitic recombination in the transition region of ISFH's 26.1%-efficient POLO2-IBC cell. In order to further improve the conversion efficiency towards 27%, we apply hydrogen-donating dielectric layer stacks to the p+-(i)-n+ POLO interdigitating rear side to enhance the passivation quality of the POLO junctions. We indeed show a significant improvement of POLO junctions on symmetrical full-area homogenously doped reference samples, but when we apply a hydrogen-donating layer stack on the p+-(i)-n+ POLO interdigitating rear side, we observe a strong degradation in the performance of the POLO2-IBC cell. We attribute this to the formation of a conductive channel between the p+ and n+ poly-Si regions due to the strong negative charge density of the hydrogen-donating layer stack.
Making autonomous vehicle systems human-like: lessons learned from accident experiences in traffic

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has hastened the adoption of autonomous vehicles (AVs) to minimise human-to-human contact. Yet, prior investigations suggest that AVs are accident-prone when they behave differently from humans. It is necessary to design an autonomous vehicle system (AVS) that can take human behaviour into account. This study capitalises on the wealth of data from traffic accidents caused by humans and discovers association rules to improve AVSs. Findings show that fatal accidents likely co-occur with “right near”, “head on” or “lane side swipe” scenarios. They provide important implications for designing traffic scenarios that are critical for training an AVS.
Effects of Innovation versus Efficiency Tasks on Recall and Transfer in Individual and Collaborative Learning Contexts

Two experiments tested the effects of a framework for promoting productive collaboration and transfer. The framework uses the dimensions of innovation and efficiency to characterize learning tasks according to the types of knowledge they should promote. Innovation tasks involve the construction of novel solutions to unfamiliar problems while efficiency tasks feature repeated application of optimal solutions. The former are intended to help students appreciate key features of an expert solution while the latter aim to increase speed and accuracy. The overarching hypothesis was that having an opportunity to innovate would promote productive collaboration and learning more than efficiently copying and studying correct answers. The first experiment, involving third graders, found benefits of innovation for individual learning. The second, with university students working collaboratively, found effects of innovation on interaction.
Magnitude Comparison and Sign Detection based on the 4-Moduli Set {2n+1, 2n−1, 2n+3, 2n−3}

: The 4-moduli set residue number system (RNS), {2 𝑛 + 3,2 𝑛 − 3,2 𝑛 + 1, 2 𝑛 − 1} , with a wide dynamic range, has recently been proposed as a balanced 4-moduli set for utilizing the cases that demand fast calculations such as deep learning and implementation of asymmetric cryptographic algorithms. Up to now, only an unsigned reverse converter has been designed for this moduli set. Thus, there is a need for two separate units, a sign detection circuit, and a comparator to use this set in cases requiring sign and comparison. Nevertheless, the existence of these components demands high hardware that makes the implementation of the RNS impractical. Therefore, this paper presents the design of a sign detection circuit and a signed reverse converter that can overcome this problem by reusing the hardware. To achieve an integrated hardware design, first, we optimized the previous unsigned reverse converter for this 4-moduli set and next, we derived an approach from the structure of the reverse convertor for detecting signs and recognizing comparators. Finally, using the sign signals extracted from the reverse converter, we change reverse convertor into a unit that perform sign detection and comparison. The simulation has been conducted using ISE Design Suite 14.7 tool and the Spartan6 family technology. Empirical results show that, the proposed multifunctional unit has an approximately identical performance with respect to delay and area compared to the previous reverse converter. Besides, the proposed signed reverse converter relies on a 46% and 28% reduction in area and delay compared to the previous unsigned reverse converter which uses a comparator and also a multiplexer to detect a sign in the output.
Beta-lactam antibiotics and extended spectrum beta-lactamases

Extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) are enzymes produced by bacteria, mostly members of the family Enterobacteriaceae commonly Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. ESBLs hydrolyze the beta-lactam ring of beta-lactam antibiotics making these antibiotics ineffective therefore rendering the bacteria resistance against beta-lactam antibiotics. The global upsurge of ESBLs producing bacteria causing both hospital and community acquired infections mostly urinary tract infections, pneumonia and bloodstream infections, threatens the effectiveness of infectious diseases treatment. ESBL families; TEM, SHV and CTX-M are globally disseminated and frequently detected in clinical isolates as well as colonization and contamination isolates. Various laboratory detection methods of ESBLs producing Gram negative bacteria are available. These methods; phenotypic methods, automated methods and molecular-based methods are varying in sensitivity and specificity, need of technical expertise, and rapidness. Therefore, they should be clearly understood before being employed for routine or research use for detection of ESBLs production among Enterobacteriaceae. In addition, understanding the mode of action and mechanisms of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, and the epidemiology of ESBLs producing bacteria is of paramount.
Adjustment, Well-being and Help-seeking Among Australian FIFO Mining Employees

"The theme of fly-in fly-out (FIFO) employment arrangements has attracted considerable policy and media interest, yet there is limited knowledge about the impact of such employment on workers and how they might manage the various strains associated with FIFO work. To advance this line of research, this article examines the antecedent factors of and relationships between adjustment, well-being, and help-seeking among FIFO employees. Our primary contribution is to develop a model and a series of propositions which will assist researchers, the industry, and policy-makers to understand the complex circumstances and impacts of FIFO employment better. "
Joint Inflammation: Insights of Osteoarthritis, Gouty and Rheumatoid Arthritis and its Prevalence, Mechanism, Medications and Remedies

Arthritis is a chronic inflammation in joints, which mostly affects the bones. In the global prevalence of joint inflammation, it’s means to be taken it as potential issues. Current treatments mostly targeting the inflammatory cytokines or effector molecules and oxidative stress involved in arthritis as pain relief temporarily. This review has mechanistically demonstrated the type of joint inflammation insights in to arthritis, such as osteoarthritis, gouty arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis to understand the clear background. This review has also highlighted the prevalence, mechanism and mediations used for arthritis, in which various causative agents are used to induce arthritis in preclinical studies that has been collectively elucidated. This review is first to be reported the mechanism of various arthritis causative agents. It pointed out the side effects of clinical medicine used for arthritis and suggested the natural products involved in medication for above-listed conditions. As comparatively natural products are low cost, easily available and beneficial than modern medicines with minimal side effects.
Nuclear Import of HIV-1

The delivery of the HIV-1 genome into the nucleus is an indispensable step in retroviral infection of non-dividing cells, but the mechanism of HIV-1 nuclear import has been a longstanding debate due to controversial experimental evidence. It was commonly believed that the HIV-1 capsid would need to disassemble (uncoat) in the cytosol before nuclear import because the capsid is larger than the central channel of nuclear pore complexes (NPCs); however, increasing evidence demonstrates that intact, or nearly intact, HIV-1 capsid passes through the NPC to enter the nucleus. With the protection of the capsid, the HIV-1 core completes reverse transcription in the nucleus and is translocated to the integration site. Uncoating occurs while, or after, the viral genome is released near the integration site. These independent discoveries reveal a compelling new paradigm of this important step of the HIV-1 life cycle. In this review, we summarize the recent studies related to HIV-1 nuclear import, highlighting the spatial–temporal relationship between the nuclear entry of the virus core, reverse transcription, and capsid uncoating.
Análise sobre ação empreendedora e políticas públicas no APL moveleiro de UBÁ, MG

Based on recognized importance of industrial clusters for the socio-economic development of regions, this work presents a case study involving the evolution, discussions on the role of entrepreneurial activities and the influence of public policies on the development of the furniture cluster of Uba, Minas Gerais. The methodology adopted included a survey, interviews with strategic actors of the cluster, and analysis comparative data. Preliminary results indicate that public policies had limited involvement in the emergence and development of APL, and indicate the need to investigate the diversity of patterns of business components of local cluster order to propose appropriate policies for each different type of companies. The main conclusion is that the key role in the genesis and development of the furniture cluster of Uba was the entrepreneurial action of the local businessmen.
A novel high-performance lateral BJT on SOI with metal-backed single-silicon external base for low-power/low-cost RF applications

A novel device structure to realize high-performance SOI lateral BJTs is presented. A metal-backed single-silicon external base electrode and a simple SOI structure achieve low base resistance and low parasitic capacitances, respectively. Due to the minimal parasitics, the device exhibited an fmax of 62 GHz with a low power dissipation per emitter area of 0.55 mW//spl mu/m/sup 2/.
A Hybrid Pneumatic/Electrostatic Milli-Actuator

In typical MEMS applications, actuation is accomplished directly by converting electrical input power to useful mechanical power. However, indirect schemes employing electrically driven primary and alternately driven secondary actuators can trade simplicity and bandwidth for lower forces and strokes in the primary actuator, hence reducing power consumption. Because it is generally easier to build actuators with high force and low stroke, we propose a hybrid actuator with a pneumatic oscillator as the secondary and an electrostatic clamp as the primary. By clamping the oscillator at its extremes of travel, the hybrid actuator can be turned on and off. In this paper, we report on progress towards fabricating such a hybrid actuator. We have demonstrated operation of a 40×40×30 mm3 oscillator at 6 Hz with a stroke of 2.5 mm and a peak force of 1.1 N, although fabrication of the electrostatic clamp has not been accomplished.