Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Past, Present, and Future of Multisensory Wearable Technology to Monitor Sleep and Circadian Rhythms

Movement-based sleep-wake detection devices (i.e., actigraphy devices) were first developed in the early 1970s and have repeatedly been validated against polysomnography, which is considered the “gold-standard” of sleep measurement. Indeed, they have become important tools for objectively inferring sleep in free-living conditions. Standard actigraphy devices are rooted in accelerometry to measure movement and make predictions, via scoring algorithms, as to whether the wearer is in a state of wakefulness or sleep. Two important developments have become incorporated in newer devices. First, additional sensors, including measures of heart rate and heart rate variability and higher resolution movement sensing through triaxial accelerometers, have been introduced to improve upon traditional, movement-based scoring algorithms. Second, these devices have transcended scientific utility and are now being manufactured and distributed to the general public. This review will provide an overview of: (1) the history of actigraphic sleep measurement, (2) the physiological underpinnings of heart rate and heart rate variability measurement in wearables, (3) the refinement and validation of both standard actigraphy and newer, multisensory devices for real-world sleep-wake detection, (4) the practical applications of actigraphy, (5) important limitations of actigraphic measurement, and lastly (6) future directions within the field.
A SELECTIVE DETECTION OF AMYLOID BETA IN HUMAN SERUM BY STRAIN GAUGE CANTILEVER SENSOR IMMOBILIZING LIPOSOME INCORPORATED WITH CHOLESTEROL

We have newly confirmed a selective detection of amyloid beta (Aβ) in human serum with its dynamic behavior by a strain gauge cantilever sensor immobilizing liposome incorporated with cholesterol. We examined the effect of incorporating cholesterol in the liposome in order to decrease the interaction between the liposomes and many proteins in human serum. The result implied that cholesterol suppress the interaction because of stabilizing effect in the lipid membrane [1]. Thus we concluded that we were able to detect Aβ, especially the state of its aggregation and fibrillization, in human serum by the cantilever sensor immobilizing liposome incorporated with cholesterol.
Negative Weights in Hinge-Loss Markov Random Fields

Hinge-loss Markov random ﬁelds (HL-MRF) are a class of probabilistic graphical models with density functions that admit tractable MAP inference. When paired with an expressive modeling framework, HL-MRFs are powerful tools for performing structured prediction. One such framework, probabilistic soft logic (PSL), uses weighted ﬁrst-order logical statements to incorporate domain knowledge and constraints into the HL-MRF structure. Traditionally, PSL restricts weights to be non-negative to ensure MAP inference remains tractable, but this limits the types of relations PSL models can represent. We propose three novel approaches to extending PSL’s expressivity to support negative weights. Notably, we propose the use of Gödel logic for deﬁning potentials from negatively weighted rules. This method improves upon prior work on this topic by preserving both the convexity and scale of the MAP inference problem. Moreover, we show where our new methods and two approaches from prior work overlap and where they most differ. All methods are implemented in PSL, and we introduce a tunable synthetic dataset designed to empirically compare the performance of predictions.
In-Vitro Evaluation of Bio-control Agents against Fusarium wilt and Ascochyta Blight of Chickpea

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L) is a cool season legume crop belongs to family Fabaceae and subfamily Papilionaceae (Varshney et al., 2013). Chickpea is the second most important pulse crop worldwide in terms of area under cultivation, and ranks third in production followed by beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and peas (Pisum sativum L.). Chickpea is a self-pollinated crop (Toker et al., 2006). It is also known as King of pulses. There are two International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 10 Number 02 (2021) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Are Violations of Student Privacy “Quick and Easy"? Implications of K-12 Educational Institutions’ Posts on Facebook

As the use of social media increases in daily life, it has also increased for institutions in the field of education. While there may be benefits for schools to use this media outlet, the privacy of students within those schools may be at risk when their names and photos are shared on such a publicly accessible domain. In this study, we analyzed the extent to which students’ privacy is protected by qualitatively coding a random sample of 100 Facebook posts made by U.S. school districts from a population of over 9.3 million photo posts that we collected. Using inferential techniques, we found that students are somewhat protected compared to teachers and community members, with only 2.67% of students’ detected faces able to be identified by name. The same measure for staff and community members were 4.6% and 16%, respectively. These numbers at first appear small, but if applied to the entire population, this could potentially leave between 153,218 and 1,l53,844 students identifiable to anyone on the internet. We discuss the severity and scale of these privacy threats and make recommendations for research on student privacy in social media and other informal education-related contexts.
A Novel Method for Detecting Wild Boar Presence

Populations of wild boar and feral pigs (Sus scrofa) are increasing in numbers and distribution worldwide, in parallel with their significant environmental and economic impact. Reliable methods to detect the presence of this species are needed for monitoring its natural range expansion and its occurrence in areas where animals have been deliberately or accidentally introduced. The main aim of this study, carried out in English woodlands recently colonized by wild boar, was to assess the effectiveness of a birch wood tar-based compound, to detect the presence of this species in presence/absence surveys. A pilot trial in woodlands where wild boar had been established for circa 20 years found that wild boar sniffed and rubbed their bodies against stakes treated with this compound significantly more than against control stakes treated with water, thus confirming that the birch wood tar attracted wild boar to stakes. A second trial, carried out by applying the birch wood tar to trees in 8 woodlands surrounding the core range of wild boar, found that these animals left consistently more activity signs such as rubbing, tusk marks, and rooting on or around trees treated with this compound than on or around control trees treated with water. These results suggest that birch wood tar can be used as a method to confirm presence of wild boar in an area. Possible applications of this compound include its use to increase trapping efficiency or its deployment to confirm the success of a local eradication.
DevelopmentofaRSKInhibitorasaNovelTherapy for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Metastatic breast cancer is an incurable disease and identification of novel therapeutic opportunities is vital. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) frequently metastasizes and high levels of activated p90RSK (RSK), a downstreamMEK-ERK1/2 effector, are found in TNBC.We demonstrate, using direct pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of RSK1/2, that these kinases contribute to the TNBC metastatic process in vivo. Kinase profiling showed that RSK1 and RSK2 are the predominant kinases targeted by the new inhibitor, which is based on the natural product SL0101. Further evidence for selectivity was provided by the observations that silencing RSK1 and RSK2 eliminated the ability of the analogue to further inhibit survival or proliferation of a TNBC cell line. In vivo, the new derivative was as effective as the FDA-approved MEK inhibitor trametinib in reducing the establishment of metastatic foci. Importantly, inhibition of RSK1/2 did not result in activation of AKT, which is known to limit the efficacy of MEK inhibitors in the clinic. Our results demonstrate that RSK is amajor contributor to the TNBC metastatic program and provide preclinical proofof-concept for the efficacy of the novel SL0101 analogue in vivo. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(11); 2598–608. 2016 AACR.
Social Search Evolves with the Emergence of Clustered Environments

Social search (using social information to locate resources) has evolved stably across a wide range of species. The current research systematically investigates dynamical interactions between social search strategies of consumers and clustering of resource environments in simple 2D worlds. Previous work finds that clustering of resources (e.g., information, food) promotes use of social search, and other studies find the corresponding effect that social search leads to increased resource clustering. In Experiment 1 and 2 we replicate these results in simulations by fixing resource distributions and social search respectively at different levels and observing their influence on the other. Our results additionally show an inverse U-shaped trend between the two—as resource clustering increases, so does social search (as expected); however, at very high values of clustering, adaptive benefits of social search decline. Similar trends are obtained when social search is manipulated and resulting resource clustering is analyzed. In Experiment 3, we simulate dynamical systems where both social search and resource clustering are left unconstrained so they can mutually influence one other. These simulations are representative of real-world systems where species can flexibly alter their search strategies in response to the environment (e.g., through learning or evolution) and resource distributions are in turn influenced by consumer behavior. Here, we find that both social search and resource clustering evolve to positive values, indicating that they may be stable states of such systems. Our results have implications across a wide range of search domains—similar dynamics between social search and resource clustering are observed in multidimensional environments of informational and cultural search and simpler 2and 3-D environments of ecological search.
Laryngeal mask airway cuff pressure and its influence on the incidence of pharyngolaryngeal adverse effects: need for regular monitoring

Background: During general anesthesia with laryngeal mask airway (LMA), cuff pressure needs to be maintained at an optimal level in order to prevent endothelial lesions and postoperative pharyngolaryngeal side effects, like cough, sore throat, hoarseness and even mucosal bleeding. This study evaluated the changes in the LMA cuff pressure after insertion with the passage of time and the effect of the increased pressure on the incidence of pharyngolaryngeal adverse effects. Methodology: Sixty patients (18-60 y) belonging to American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I or II, meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study and were randomly grouped into Groups A and B (n=30 each). They were evaluated and educated about LMA insertion, its advantages and side effects, following which written informed consent was obtained. Pre-anesthetic evaluation was carried out. For Group A, the cuff pressure was monitored every 10 min intra-operatively from the start of surgery and maintained at 60 cmH2O throughout the surgery. In Group B the cuff was inflated to 60 cmH2O initially and the cuff pressure was recorded at the end of surgery. The volume of air removed from the cuffs was measured and any postoperative complications immediately after removal of LMA and after 24 h were recorded and tabulated. Result: The mean cuff pressure in Group A was 61.07 cmH2O. The mean cuff pressure in Group B was 108.42 cmH2O and was significantly higher than Group A (p < 0.001). The volume of air removed was also significantly higher in Group B than Group A (p < 0.001). No association of age, gender and ASA classification on the cuff pressures was observed. There were also significantly more postoperative complications in Group B than in Group A, both immediately after and 24 h after removal of LMA. Conclusion: The results of our study show that while using a laryngeal mask airway during anesthesia, continual monitoring of cuff pressure and its maintenance within the allowable limits is essential in preventing postoperative complications and reducing pharyngolaryngeal morbidity.
Molecular characterization and genetic diversity analysis of aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L.) landraces using SSR markers

The present investigation was conducted at the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, Thrissur and Regional Agricultural Research Station, Ambalavayal, Wayanad, The study was focused on genetic diversity among popular aromatic rice landraces using Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) markers. Out of 86 SSR markers used for molecular characterization, 44 markers were polymorphic and remaining 42 were monomorphic. Maximum number of amplicons was exhibited by RM247 with five alleles, followed by RM85, RM251, RM248 and RM493 with four amplicons each. Among 86 SSR markers, 21 markers distinguished Basmati from traditional aromatic landraces of Wayanad viz., Gandhakasala and Jeerakasala. Seven SSR markers distinguished Gandhakasala from Jeerakasala, whereas 23 markers distinguished Basmati from Jeerakasala. Twenty-two markers distinguished Basmati from Gandhakasala and 23 markers distinguished aromatic group from non-aromatic group. Cluster analysis effectively differentiated Basmati, Jeerakasala, Gandhakasala, Uma and Aathira from each other. Among the five clusters formed, cluster III was the largest one comprising all the 12 Gandhakasala morphotypes, followed by cluster IV with all Jeerakasala morphotypes. Cluster I, Cluster II and Cluster V exhibited one genotype each namely Aathira, Uma and Basmati, respectively indicating their genetic distinctness.
An Infant With Seborrhoeic Dermatitis and Eczema Herpeticum Complicated by a Generalized Infection

Primary herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection in children (beyond the neonatal period) may be asymptomatic or manifest as herpetic gingivostomatitis accompanied by fever and other symptoms. However, severe, health- and life-threatening infection is observed in rare cases, especially in at-risk patients. Children with atopic dermatitis may develop extensive eczema herpeticum (eruptio varicelliformis Kaposi). Herpes simplex eye infection, herpes simplex encephalitis, and disseminated (generalized) herpes infection also pose danger. We present a boy with exacerbated infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis (ISD) and eczema herpeticum complicated by streptococcal sepsis. HSV transmission should be limited if possible by avoiding direct contact with those who recently developed lesions. Communication with parents and explaining how to properly care for the skin in a child with skin diseases that disturb its barrier function protecting against external factors is particularly important. Also, parents should be informed that "red flag" symptoms in a child should be an indication for a pediatric consultation. In the event of infection, the duration of symptoms can be reduced by promptly initiated acyclovir therapy.
The Samaritan: Surveillance AI

— The latest advances in hardware technology and state of the art of computer vision and artificial intelligence research can be employed to develop an autonomous threat detection system that accurately assesses the threat and provides relevant support. This paper suggests a multi-module state of the art surveillance system. The proposed system is intelligent and is capable of event discrimination by developing a systematic approach by solving the problem with its visual and audio LSTM modules. This system promotes a decentralized intelligence to evaluate the dynamic scene to account for all the factors which can influence activity and thus, can deliver a robust and concrete prediction with an optimal interpretation of the scene
Neuropathic pain after a dental procedure in an older adult with Alzheimer’s disease: a case report

Neuropathic pain occurs when there is damage to nervous system structures, particularly as a result of direct injury or disease. It can occur in the orofacial territory after dental implants placement. Oral rehabilitation is often performed with dental implant placement for older adults. However, the general health status should be considered, requiring a careful assessment of the patient and the identification of geriatric conditions that could lead to predictable failures. The purpose of this case report is to present the diagnosis and treatment of neuropathic pain after dental implant placement in an older adult with dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease. Indexing terms: Alzheimer’s disease. Facial pain. Elderly. Dental implants.
Objectives of Financial Reporting and Their Problems in Governmental Accounting

It is widely known that the recent deterioration in the fiscal condition of local governments has triggered an attempt to raise awareness among residents of the severity of the situation through the introduction of corporate-style accounting and the release of financial statements such as balance sheets. And in addition to balance sheets, local governments have also started releasing administrative cost calculation statements, which are equivalent to corporate income statements. There therefore seems to have been a rapid expansion in financial disclosures by local governments. At the same time, starting with the announcement in March 2003 of “Public Accounting Conceptual Framework,” a theoretical foundation for financial reporting by local governments and other public sector organizations is gradually being laid down. The United States, however, is well ahead of Japan in this area. The third edition of Statements of Financial Accounting Concepts (hereinafter referred to as Concepts Statements) and the 42nd edition of Statements of Financial Accounting Standards (hereinafter referred to as Standards Statements) for states and local governments have been already issued. It therefore goes without saying that a study of these concepts and standards will prove useful for conducting a theoretical examination of local-government accounting in Japan. Although Concepts Statements address numerous issues, in this paper I will focus on the objectives of financial reporting. The reason for this approach is that financial reporting objectives are the key determinant of the nature of a financial reporting system. This is obvious because financial reporting objectives have a significant impact on the content of financial reports. In conducting my analysis, I will highlight the unique characteristics of Japanese public financial reporting by comparing them with those of the United States as defined in Concepts Statements referred to earlier. I hope that my analysis in this paper will enliven the debate on local-government financial reporting, and perhaps make a small contribution to improving such reporting.
Asynchronous Distributed IoT-Enabled Customer Characterization in Distribution Networks: Theory and Hardware Implementation

This paper proposes and implements an asynchronous distributed IoT-enabled customer characterization framework to classify customers’ load consumption behaviors in electric distribution networks. More specifically, the proposed framework enables robust distributed clustering of customers’ electricity consumption habits in a highly scalable and interoperable framework. The proposed clustering method eliminates the need for hefty synchronization efforts typical to other distributed clustering algorithms. The theoretical foundations of designing the proposed framework are introduced. The orchestration of the application layers integrated in the proposed framework is demonstrated in an experimental implementation on a real-time network adopting a data-centric databus architecture. The results of the experimental implementation on IoT development boards demonstrate that the proposed framework can characterize customer categories with a 95% accuracy compared to classical centralized $k$ -means clustering, while ensuring seamless and interoperable peer-to-peer information exchange. This proved to be highly scalable and applicable to the real-world.
Active Fault-Tolerant/Active Passive Intrusion-Tolerant H ∞ Cooperative Control of Discrete NCS under the Background of Big Data

For the linear discrete networked control system (NCS) which may suffer DoS attack on both sides of the controller, when the actuator has time-varying failure, the intelligent sensor unit uses wireless sensors to collect data. According to the large amount of data collected, the active fault tolerance/active passive capacity of linear discrete NCS under the discrete event-triggered communication mechanism (DETCS) is studied. The problem of cooperative controller design is discussed. Firstly, a linear discrete NCS model integrating DETCS, actuator fault, and network attack is established. Then, based on the idea of integral sliding mode control, an active fault-tolerant/attack active passive intrusion-tolerant cooperative controller is designed, and the actuator attack side network attack and sensor side network attack are extended to the state to obtain a new state vector. Then, an adaptive Kalman filter estimator (AKF) estimates the fault and attack information and then adjusts the initial fault-tolerant/intrusion-tolerant cooperative controller in real time according to the estimated information obtained by the adaptive Kalman filter estimator; finally, the MATLAB simulation example is used to verify the improvement of system performance by the designed control law and the saving of network resources by the introduction of DETCS.
University of Birmingham A pixel dependent Finite Element model for spatial frequency domain imaging using NIRFAST

: Spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) utilizes the projection of spatially modulated light patterns upon biological tissues to obtain optical property maps for absorption and reduced scattering. Conventionally, both forward modeling and optical property recovery are performed using pixel-independent models, calculated via analytical solutions or Monte-Carlo-based look-up tables, both assuming a homogenous medium. The resulting recovered maps are limited for samples of high heterogeneity, where the homogenous assumption is not valid. NIRFAST, a FEM-based image modeling and reconstruction tool, simulates complex heterogeneous tissue optical interactions for single and multiwavelength systems. Based on the diffusion equation, NIRFAST has been adapted to perform pixel-dependent forward modeling for SFDI. Validation is performed within the spatially resolved domain, along with homogenous structured illumination simulations, with a recovery error of <2%. Heterogeneity is introduced through cylindrical anomalies, varying size, depth and optical property values, with recovery errors of <10%, as observed across a variety of simulations. This work demonstrates the importance of pixel-dependent light interaction modeling for SFDI and its role in quantitative accuracy. Here, a full raw image SFDI modeling tool is presented for heterogeneous samples, providing a mechanism towards a pixel-dependent SFDI image modeling and parameter recovery system.