Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Erosion by flowing lava: Field evidence

Erosion of substrate materials by melting or mechanical means has been suggested in active lava flows on Earth and other planets. Although there are many references to lava erosion on Earth, unambiguous evidence is rare; geological relationships commonly cited as evidence of downcutting by lava can be explained without recourse to erosion. In order to assess possible erosion by flowing lava we carried out field studies of tube-fed basalt flows, sheet flows of the Columbia River Basalt Province (CRB), and Precambrian komatiites. Unequivocal evidence for thermal erosion (melted dacite substrate) was found at the Cave Basalt lava tube, Mount St. Helens, for which fluid dynamic analysis indicates laminar flow, although erosion was enhanced in areas of locally steep slopes, possibly as a result of localized turbulence. Other lava tubes in our study display strong, but inconclusive, evidence for erosion. Komatiite flows display good evidence for erosion of their substrate, possibly in a turbulent regime, but assessment of the extent of erosion is hampered by limited and disrupted exposures. No evidence for thermal erosion was found in the CRB. Our findings suggest that an erosional origin for planetary sinuous rilles and canali would be favored by high Reynolds number flows (high mass flux, low-viscosity lava, steep slopes) and substrates having a lower melting temperature than the lava or low mechanical strength (e.g., regolith).
Activation of supply relationships : a study of main providers in the Turku logistics cluster

Foretag inom industri och handel valjer allt oftare att lata ett logistikforetag skota stora delar av sina logistiska processer. Logistikforetagen i sin tur overlater utforandet av enskilda tjanster, som t.ex. olika typer av transport, till olika samarbetspartners inom branschen. I avhandlingen studeras hur logistikforetag gar till vaga da de valjer vilka av deras samarbetspartners som ska engageras for att delta i utforandet av ett logistiktjanstepaket, en arbetsprocess som har kallas aktivering. Fokus ligger pa aktiveringens innehall och de faktorer som inverkar pa hur den gar till och vilka samarbetsparter som kommer att engageras. Arbetet bygger pa natverksansatsen for studier av foretagsrelationer pa industriella marknader. Aktiveringsprocessen uppfattas som en ratt ordinar, rutinmassig verksamhet i foretaget, men den kan ocksa forvantas inverka pa hur foretagets samarbetsnatverk utvecklas over tiden, genom att vissa relationer forstarks medan andra forsvagas. I den empi riska undersokningen deltog 29 logistikforetag i Aboregionen som utgaende fran ett diskussionsunderlag fick beratta om hur de gar till vaga vid aktivering.
Ammonium deficiency caused by heterogeneous reactions during a super Asian dust episode

Mineral dust particles exert profound impacts on air quality, visibility, and ocean biogeochemistry. Interactions between dust particles and other anthropogenic pollutants modify not only the size spectrum and morphology but also physicochemical properties of dust particles, thereby affecting their radiative properties and ability to act as cloud condensation nuclei and in turn their impact on climate. Here we report field observations on the surface chemical transformations in a super Asian dust plume captured in coastal areas of China and the adjacent marginal seas. The dust plume showed enhanced concentrations of sulfate, nitrate, and calcium along with a decrease in ammonium. The percentages of total Ca in water‐soluble form increased from an intrinsic value of ~5% to 25–40% at four stations along the path of the dust plume. From these increases, we estimated the extent to which carbonate was modified by heterogeneous reactions and calculated that the enhanced sulfate and nitrate could account for 40–60% of the observed concentrations. Our observation suggests that the formation of ammonium sulfate via the H2SO4‐NH3‐H2O ternary system was impeded by heterogeneous reactions in the marine boundary layer when dust loads exceeded a certain threshold. A conceptual model is proposed to elucidate the heterogeneous reactions during the super Asian dust event and their impacts on atmospheric chemistry.
Revolutionizing Sleep Health: The Promise and Challenges of Digital Phenotyping

Sleep disorders, a critical issue in global health, affect millions worldwide. Disorders ranging from insomnia to sleep apnea profoundly impact individual well-being and societal productivity [1]. While traditional diagnostic and therapeutic methods like polysomnography and cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia are effective, they are also labor-intensive, less patient-centered, and expensive. The emergence of digital phenotyping, using data from personal digital devices such as smartphones and wearables, heralds a promising new direction in sleep medicine [2]. Digital phenotyping offers several advantages over traditional methods. It allows continuous, active, and passive data collection in a patient’s natural environment, capturing a nuanced and comprehensive image of daily sleep patterns. These insights illuminate the interplay between sleep, lifestyle, behavior, health, and overall well-being [2]. Digital phenotyping is also cost-effective, negating the need for expensive equipment or hospitalization, facilitating early identification of high-risk individuals for testing, and reducing unnecessary healthcare expenditure. Recent studies have validated the use of digital phenotyping in sleep medicine, revealing that sleep patterns derived from smartphones or wearable devices closely correlate with actigraphy, a noninvasive method for monitoring rest/activity cycles [3,4]. Techniques introduced to measure aspects such as sleep stages and sleep apnea events using only smartphone data demonstrate that digital phenotyping may facilitate screening for sleep disorders [5]. Additionally, conditions like mood disorders, closely linked to sleep-wake rhythms, can be assessed or predicted based on digital Revolutionizing Sleep Health: The Promise and Challenges of Digital Phenotyping
Influence of hydrodynamics on the larval supply to hydrothermal vents on the East Pacific Rise

Abstract : Examination of the scales at which larval supply varies spatially and temporally, and correlation with concurrent physical observations can provide insights into larval transport mechanisms that contribute to structuring marine benthic communities. In order to facilitate field studies, this thesis first provides new morphological and genetic identifications for hydrothermal vent gastropod larvae along the northern East Pacific Rise. Daily and weekly variability in the supply of hydrothermal vent gastropod larvae to two hydrothermal vents, 1.6 km apart on the East Pacific Rise, were quantified concurrently with current velocity observations. The magnitude and temporal pattern of larval supply differed between vent sites, despite their dose proximity. A strong correlation between along-axis flow and daily larval supply suggested that larval supply occurred primarily via along-axis transport between local sources 1-2 km apart. However, weekly larval supply appeared to be driven by larger spatial scales through losses associated with cross-axis flows and the passage of mesoscale eddies. Tracer movement within a quasi-geostrophic eddy model was consistent with the observations of decreased larval supply concurrent with an eddy observed via satellite altimetry. The tracer movement also indicated that deep eddy-induced flow could facilitate a long-distance dispersal event, enhancing dispersal between vents 100s km apart.
GEOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS ON MMAX VALUES FROM WESTERN AUSTRALIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR SEISMIC HAZARD ASSESSMENTS

Although Western Australia is commonly viewed as a Stable Continental Region with low rates of earthquake activity, geological and geomorphological evidence indicates that active tectonic processes are occurring. A zone of intraplate transpressional shear (the Western Australia Transpressional Belt—WATB), extends southwest from near Savu Island, Indonesia across the North West Shelf through the Cape Range and the Gascoyne alluvial plain to the Mt. Narryer fault zone (~-27.5 o S). The North West Shelf is accommodating crustal flexure and shallow faulting due to the collision with the Banda Arc, the central west coast exhibits evidence of active fold growth since Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 5e and the Murchison region has evidence of Quaternary tectonic deformation and a record of two large magnitude historical earthquakes. Geological data to constrain maximum earthquake magnitude (Mmax) estimates for individual seismogenic sources within Stable Continental Regions (SCRs) are lacking. However, within the Stable Continental Region (SCR) of Western Australia, individual morphotectonic structures exist that can be parameterized for inclusion in seismic hazard analyses. Recent studies of the WATB have identified a number of morphotectonics structures that provide structure specific seismic source data. Reverse reactivation of normal faults is manifest as surface expression of faultpropagation folds in the Murchison region. These individual blind-reverse faults are capable of generating earthquakes in the range of Mw6.4-7.4, which is consistent with the largest historically observed earthquake in the region, the 1941 Mw 7.1 Meeberrie event. The rupture of combined fault segments could push these Mmax values up to Mw 7.4-7.7, which would be similar to the 2001 Mw 7.7 Bhuj India event. Ongoing characterization of these features within the WATB has implications for probabilistic seismic hazard analyses (PSHA) in the region. Where these types of structures exist, Mmax estimates may differ from the Mmax values previously suggested in the Brown and Gibson (2004) and Clark et al. (2011) domain models.
Automatic Gait Recognition via Model-Based Evidence Gathering

Recognising people by gait is of emergent interest. A new model-based moving feature extraction analysis is presented that automatically extracts and describes human gait for recognition. The gait signature is extracted directly from the evidence gathering process by using a Fourier series to describe the motion of the upper leg and apply temporal evidence gathering techniques to extract the moving model from a sequence of images. Performance has been confirmed by simulation and on a small subject database and verified using statistical analysis of the separation of clusters in feature space. Further, the technique can handle occlusion, of especial importance in gait as the human body is self-occluding. As such, a new technique has been developed to automatically extract and describe a moving articulated shape, the human leg, and shown its potential in gait as a biometric.
Traveltime delay and initial phase reversal of distant tsunamis coupled with the self‐gravitating elastic Earth

Systematic tsunami traveltime delays of up to 15 min relative to the numerically simulated long waves from the 2010 Chilean and 2011 Tohoku‐Oki earthquakes were widely observed at deep ocean tsunamimeters. Enigmatic small negative phases appearing before the main peak were commonly found only at the trans‐oceanic locations. The frequency dependence of the measured tsunami phase velocities shows reverse dispersions at long periods, i.e., the tsunami speed becomes slower at periods beyond 1000 s. This is consistent with the phase velocities of a tsunami mode coupled with a self‐gravitating elastic Earth, suggesting that the effects of compression and dilatation of seawater, elastic tsunami loadings on a solid Earth, and the geopotential variations associated with the motion of mass during tsunami propagation are responsible for the traveltime delays and the initial negative phases. Simple 1‐D tsunami propagation tests confirm that the reverse dispersion creates a small negative phase that precedes the main peak at large distances. A new method to simulate tsunami waveforms on real ocean bathymetry that takes into account seawater compressibility, the elasticity of the Earth, and geopotential perturbations has been developed by applying a phase correction to the simulated long waves. The simulated waveforms, in which phase corrections are applied for the dispersion effects, accurately reproduce the observed waveforms, including a small initial negative phase that appears at distant locations. The traveltime difference between the observed and simulated waveforms has been decreased to less than 5 min and the waveform difference between them remarkably diminishes.
CULTURA ORGANIZACIONAL Y EFECTIVIDAD EN LAS PEQUEÑAS EMPRESAS CONSTRUCTORAS DE PUEBLA, MÉXICO

This research analyzes types of organizational culture and its relationship with organizational effectiveness in small construction businesses in Puebla. To characterize the organizational culture, we consider some aspects that were measured through a questionnaire based on a Likerts scale to 91administrative workers of the same companies. The objective was to identify the type of organizational culture that prevails in small construction companies in Puebla. The research questions are; What type of organizational culture is related to small construction businesses in Puebla? : What is their influence in organizational effectiveness? We found that the regression model explains a 67.1% of variation in effectiveness, however, there is no statistical evidence of omitted variables (2,255 constant test). JEL: L7, L74, M1, M14
Eosinophil values in exacerbation and stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its relationship to maintenance therapy in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by persistent and progressive airflow limitations. The study aimed to determine the relationship between eosinophil values in patients with stable and exacerbated COPD, and the relationship of eosinophil values with two drug regimens used as maintenance therapy in stable COPD. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study and the variables used in this study were eosinophil counts in stable and exacerbated COPD patients. Results: Eighty-three patients with stable and exacerbated COPD were included. Stable COPD (63.9%) was predominant, with the highest degree of symptoms in group A 18 patients (34%) and Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2; 35 patients (66%). The degree of COPD exacerbation was dominated by Type II COPD 15 patients (50%). Eosinophil counts in patients with stable COPD were less than 100 cells/mm3 37 patients (44.6%), while in patients with COPD exacerbation, it was greater than 100 cells/mm3 with a total of 30 patients (36.1%). Long acting muscarinic antagonist class of drugs was the most used treatment as maintenance therapy in stable COPD 34 patients (64.2%). Conclusion: The eosinophil counts in patients with COPD exacerbation were significantly higher than those in patients with stable COPD. The provision of maintenance therapy in the long acting β-2 agonist + inhaled glucocorticosteroid group of stable COPD patients was generally provided to COPD patients with eosinophil values greater than 100 cells/mm3, and the provision of long-term maintenance therapy in stable COPD patients was generally given to COPD patients with eosinophil values less than 100 cells/mm3.
A Systematic Literature on K-Economy Readiness in Higher Education

Objective: This paper aims to: (1) identify the factors that influence K-Economy readiness in higher education; (2) map the factors that influence K-Economy readiness based on the four pillars of K-Economy; and (3) analyze the implications of factors influencing K-Economy readiness for the role of higher education in the K-Economy era. By knowing the factors that influence K-Economy readiness, the results of this study can make a practical contribution to higher education in the world so that it can fully participate and be ready to compete in the K-Economy era. Methodology: This paper uses a systematic literature review to answer research questions, while the PRISMA technique is used to collect and screen Scopus and WoS articles from 2000 to 2022. Results: This paper finds nine factors influencing K-Economy readiness in higher education. The nine identified factors refer to the competencies needed in the K-Economy era. Discussion and conclusions: Strategic external partnerships with higher education must be done continuously in the future. Workers and employers continue to prioritize education as the nature of work has changed, and there is a need for those who work to continuously improve their skills. Higher education should emphasize exceeding student expectations by examining the demands of the target job market to fulfill those needs.
SENSORIAMENTO REMOTO DOS OCEANOS

O trabalho apresentado aqui e uma breve descricao do sensoriamento remoto dos oceanos, tambem conhecido como oceanografia por satelites ou oceanografia espacial. Tambem se discute a utilizacao do sensoriamento remoto para estudo ou monitoramento de processos e feicoes oceânicas de maneira continua e global, em escalas de tempo e espaco dificilmente resolvidas atraves da oceanografia convencional. Os satelites e sensores mais empregados atualmente em oceanografia sao descritos juntamente com suas aplicacoes. Num pais como o Brasil, de extenso mar territorial e grande linha de costa, onde os investimentos em oceanografia convencional ainda sao escassos, a oceanografia por satelites se torna uma alternativa nao somente viavel, mas altamente necessaria para a coleta repetitiva e a custos reduzidos de dados no mar.
La responsabilidad social corporativa y la norma SA 8000: un análisis de su adopción en las organizaciones cooperativas

La vinculacion existente entre las bases o principios de las organizaciones cooperativas y el enfoque de la Responsabilidad Social Corporativa (RSC) ha sido subrayada por diversos trabajos teoricos. Sin embargo, el analisis de la adopcion en la practica de herramientas especificas de RSC por parte de las organizaciones cooperativas no se ha prodigado en la literatura. En este orden de cosas, este articulo tiene por objetivo analizar la difusion de la norma SA 8000 -un estandar de gestion de la RSC certificable- en el ambito cooperativo internacional. En el articulo se analiza el caso especifico italiano, donde la difusion de dicha norma ha sido extraordinariamente intensa. Por ultimo, en el articulo se recogen algunas consideraciones criticas sobre el alcance de este tipo de herramientas de RSC, subrayandose la necesidad de que sean analizadas en profundidad, desde una perspectiva academica interdisciplinar y rigurosa.
The history of potato-eating by wildfowl in Britain

The development of potato-eating and swede turnip-eating by wildfowl is linked to agricultural changes and climatic conditions in Britain. The tradition of taking waste potatoes from harvested fields began in Scotland among Mallard at least a century ago. A few Lancashire Pink-footed Geese acquired the habit about 30 years later, although potato-eating did not become widespread until the 1920's. On the other hand, Scottish Greylag Geese and some Whooper Swans have selected a regular diet of potatoes for only 20-30 years. Turnip-eating has been sporadic in bad weather among Whooper Swans in Aberdeenshire and became traditional after 1947 in the Greylag flocks on the Isle of Bute. The techniques used by the birds in dealing with roots are briefly described.
srtm30plus-na_pctshade.tif - SRTM30PLUS color-encoded shaded relief image of North America (approximately 1km) - GeoTIFF image

Joseph J. Becker and David T. Sandwell at the Scripps Oceanographic Institute have generated a dataset of world-wide coverage combining NASA's Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) obtained elevation data and Smith and Sandwell global 2-minute bathymetry. This data set provides a global composite of elevation that can be utilized to create elevation/bathymetry visualization. The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission is a collaborative project between NASA, the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA), and the German and Italian space agencies to map the elevation of a large part of the globe. SRTM consisted of a specially modified radar system that flew onboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour during an 11-day mission in February of 2000. The instrument operated virtually flawlessly and imaged 99.96% of the targeted landmass at least one time, 94.59% at least twice and about 50% at least three or more times. The goal was to image each terrain segment at least twice from different angles (on ascending, or north-going, and descending orbit passes) to fill in areas shadowed from the radar beam by terrain. The 'targeted landmass' consisted of all land between 56 degrees south and 60 degrees north latitude, which comprises almost exactly 80% of the total landmass. While SRTM30 has the same resolution as GTOPO30, it can be considered a more accurate global digital data set compared to GTOPO30 because of its seamless and uniform representation, due to the fact that it was created over a short period of time from a single source rather than from the numerous sources spanning many decades that went into creating the GTOPO30 data set. This data set does not provide the high resolution SRTM elevation of the original one degree datasets. Sample spacing for the original individual data points is either 1 arc-second or 3 arc-seconds, referred to as SRTM-1 and SRTM-3, respectively. The user may visit ftp://e0mss21u.ecs. nasa.gov/srtm/ or ftp://e0mss21u.ecs. nasa.gov/srtm/ to obtain the higher resolution datasets.
Independent Child Migrants in Developing Countries: Unexplored links in migration and development

This paper focuses on independent migrant children, defined as below 18 years old, who choose to move from home and live at destinations without a parent or adult guardian. It summarises quantitative and qualitative research, and uses this to reflect on research agendas and global debates towards linking migration and development. The paper surveys historical evidence on linkages between children’s migration and societal development in earlier periods of modernisation, and identifies parallels to contemporary developing countries. The contemporary situation in developing countries is described in terms of: (1) numerical scale; (2) individual and family characteristics of the children involved; (3) decision-makers and decision-making processes in children’s movements; (4) why it happens, including from children’s viewpoints; (5) modes of movements; and (6) situations of children at destinations. The paper considers the extent to which children may demand migration opportunities, and how this demand may be met partly with forms of movement specific to children. Research strategies are discussed to provide a bridge to development issues, including conceptualization of children’s independent movements, children’s labour migration, migration statistics and selection of who migrates. A final section draws on the review to reflect on global debates in child development and societal development.