Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coincident count rates in absorbing dielectric media

A study of the effects of absorption on the nonlinear process of parametric down-conversion is presented. Absorption within the nonlinear medium is accounted for by employing the framework of macroscopic QED and the Green tensor quantization of the electromagnetic field. An effective interaction Hamiltonian, which describes the nonlinear interaction of the electric field and the linear noise polarization field, is used to derive the quantum state of the light leaving a nonlinear crystal. The signal and idler modes of this quantum state are found to be a superposition of the electric and noise polarization fields. Using this state, the expression for the coincident count rates for both type-I and type-II down-conversion are found. The nonlinear interaction with the noise polarization field was shown to cause an increase in the rate on the order of 10{sup -12} for absorption of 10% per centimeter. This astonishingly small effect is found to be negligible compared to the decay caused by linear absorption of the propagating modes. From the expressions for the biphoton amplitude, it can be seen that the maximally entangled states can still be produced even in the presence of strong absorption.
ExtraImpute: A Novel Machine Learning Method for Missing Data Imputation

—Missing values are one of the common incidences that occurs in healthcare datasets. Its existence usually leads to undesirable results while conducting data analysis using machine learning methods. Recently, researchers have proposed several imputation approaches to deal with missing values in real-world datasets. Moreover, data imputation assists us to build a high-performance machine learning models to discover patterns in healthcare data that provides top-notch insights for a higher quality decision-making. In this paper, we propose a new imputation approach using Extremely Randomized Trees (Extra Trees) of machine learning ensemble learning methods named (ExtraImpute) to tackle numerical missing values in healthcare context. The proposed method has the ability to impute both continuous and discrete data features. This approach imputes each missing value that exists in features by predicting its value using other observed values in the dataset. To evaluate the efficiency of our algorithm, several experiments are conducted on five different benchmark healthcare datasets and compared to other commonly used imputation methods, viz. missForest, KNNImpute, Multivariate Imputation by Chained Equations (MICE), and SoftImpute. The results were validated using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Coefficient of Determination ( 𝑹 𝟐 ) scores. From these results, it was observed that our proposed algorithm outperforms existing imputation techniques.
Using TMine for the Fermi-LAT Event Analysis

The Large Area Telescope (LAT) event analysis is the final stage in the event reconstruction responsible for the creation of high-level variables (e.g., event energy, incident direction, particle type, etc.). We discuss the development of TMine, a powerful new tool for designing and implementing event classification analyses (e.g., distinguishing photons from charged particles). TMine is structured on ROOT, a data analysis framework that is the de-facto standard for current high energy physics experiments; thus, TMine fits naturally into the ROOT-based data processing pipeline of the LAT. TMine provides a visual development environment for the LAT event analysis and utilizes advanced multivariate classification algorithms implemented in ROOT. We discuss the application of TMine to the next iteration of the event analysis (Pass 8), the LAT charged particle analyses, and the classification of unassociated LAT gamma-ray sources.
Domain decomposition preconditioning for the Helmholtz equation

In this thesis, we present a two-level domain decomposition method for the iterative solution of the heterogeneous Helmholtz equation. The Helmholtz equation governs wave propagation and scattering phenomena arising in a wide range of engineering applications. Its discretization with piecewise linear finite elements results in typically large, ill-conditioned, indefinite, and nonHermitian linear systems of equations, for which standard iterative and direct methods encounter convergence problems. Therefore, especially designed methods are needed. The inherently parallel domain decomposition methods constitute a promising class of preconditioners, as they subdivide the large problems into smaller subproblems and are hence able to cope with many degrees of freedom. An essential element of these methods is a good coarse space. Here, the Helmholtz equation presents a particular challenge, as even slight deviations from the optimal choice can be fatal. We develop a coarse space that is based on local eigenproblems involving the Dirichlet-toNeumann operator. Our construction is completely automatic, ensuring good convergence rates without the need for parameter tuning. Moreover, it naturally respects local variations in the wave number and is hence suited also for heterogeneous Helmholtz problems. Apart from the question of how to design the coarse space, we also investigate the question of how to incorporate the coarse space into the method. Also here the fact that the stiffness matrix is non-Hermitian and indefinite constitutes a major challenge. The resulting method is parallel by design and its efficiency is investigated for twoand three-dimensional homogeneous and heterogeneous numerical examples.
Limiting the order of polynomial matrices within the SBR2 algorithm

Abstract This paper discusses a method for restricting the, often unnecessary, growing order of polynomial matrices within the Sequential Best Rotation (SBR2) algorithm. The accuracy of the matrix decomposition when restricting the order of the polynomial matrix is examined and some simulated results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of this polynomial matrix truncation method. It has been shown that if the order of the matrix is appropriately truncated, an accurate polynomial matrix decomposition can still be achieved.
THE D/H RATIO OF WATER ICE AT LOW TEMPERATURES

We present the modeling results of deuterium fractionation of water ice, H2, and the primary deuterium isotopologues of adopting physical conditions associated with the star and planet formation process. We calculated the deuterium chemistry for a range of gas temperatures (Tgas ∼ 10–30 K), molecular hydrogen density (n(H2) ∼ 104–107), and ortho/para ratio (opr) of H2 based on state-to-state reaction rates and explore the resulting fractionation including the formation of a water ice mantle coating grain surfaces. We find that the deuterium fractionation exhibits the expected temperature dependence of large enrichments at low gas temperature. More significantly, the inclusion of water ice formation leads to large D/H ratios in water ice (≳ 10−2 at 10 K) but also alters the overall deuterium chemistry. For T < 20 K, the implantation of deuterium into ices lowers the overall abundance of HD which reduces the efficiency of deuterium fractionation at high density. In agreement with an earlier study, under these conditions HD may not be the primary deuterium reservoir in the cold dense interstellar medium and will be the main charge carrier in the dense centers of pre-stellar cores and the protoplanetary disk midplane.
MRI‐driven accretion on to magnetized stars: axisymmetric MHD simulations

We present the first results of a global axisymmetric simulation of accretion on to rotating magnetized stars from a turbulent accretion disc, where the turbulence is driven by the magnetorotational instability (MRI). We observed that the angular momentum is transported outwards by the magnetic stress and accretion rate corresponds to a Shakura–Sunyaev viscosity parameter α≈ 0.01–0.04. The disc is stopped by the magnetic pressure of the magnetosphere, and matter flows on to the star in funnel streams, which usually choose a path along top or bottom side of the magnetosphere. The character of accretion depends on a number of factors, including the size of the magnetosphere, the accretion rate and orientation of the initial disc poloidal field relative to the star’s field at the disc–magnetosphere boundary. If fields have same direction (are parallel), then the magnetic flux is accumulated at the boundary and blocks accretion which leads to the accumulation of matter at the boundary. Subsequently, this matter accretes to the star in bursts before accumulating again. Hence, the cyclic, ‘bursty’ accretion is observed. The magnetic stress is enhanced at the boundary, leading to the enhanced accretion rate. In the opposite case of antiparallel fields, the fields of the disc and the star reconnect at the boundary, the magnetic stress in the inner disc is lower, and matter accretes smoothly and at a lower rate. Test simulations show that in the case of a higher accretion rate corresponding to α= 0.05–0.1, accretion is bursty in cases of both field directions. We conclude that the episodic, bursty accretion is expected in stars with larger magnetospheres, higher accretion rates and parallel fields. In stars with small magnetospheres, accretion is usually smoother. However, when the disc comes close to the surface of the star, we observe a different type of bursty accretion, where periods of boundary layer accretion alternate with periods of magnetospheric expansion. In the case of even smaller magnetospheres, matter accretes smoothly through the boundary layer. Accretion may alternate between bursty and smooth, if the disc accretion rate varies with time, and/or if it brings the poloidal field of alternating polarity. We find that a rotating, magnetically dominated corona forms above and below the disc, and that it slowly expands outwards, driven by the magnetic force.
Easy and Low-Cost Method for Synthesis of Carbon–Silica Composite from Vinasse and Study of Ibuprofen Removal

Vinasse was successfully utilized to synthesize carbon–silica composite with a low-cost silica source available in Thailand (sodium silicate, Na2SiO3) and most commonly used source, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). The composites were prepared by a simple one-step sol–gel process by varying the vinasse (as carbon source) to silica source (Na2SiO3 or TEOS) weight ratio. The resulting composites were characterized by N2 adsorption, moisture and ash contents, pH, pHpzc, bulk density, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX). The composites had highest surface area of 313 and 456 m2/g, with average mesopore diameters of 5.00 and 2.62 nm when using Na2SiO3 and TEOS as the silica sources, respectively. The adsorption of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ibuprofen, was investigated. The contact time to reach equilibrium was 60 min for both composites. The adsorption kinetics were fitted by a pseudo-second-order model with the correlation coefficient R2 > 0.997. The adsorption isotherms were well described by the Langmuir model (R2 > 0.992), which indicates monolayer adsorption. The maximal adsorption capacities of the Na2SiO3- and TEOS-based composites were as high as 406 and 418 mg/g at pH 2, respectively. The research results indicate that vinasse and a low-cost silica source (Na2SiO3) show great potential to synthesize adsorbents through a simple method with high efficiency.
H i synthesis observations of the blue compact dwarf NGC 1705

Australia Telescope Compact Array HI-line observations of the nearby dwarf galaxy NGC 1705 are presented. The data are used to trace the gravitational potential of the galaxy out to several stellar disc scale lengths. A rotation curve is derived for the system and used to generate mass models. Dark matter dominates the gravitational potential at nearly all galactocentric radii. NFW and pseudo-isothermal sphere halo parameterisations allowing for good reproductions of the observations. The models suggest NGC 1705 to have a dark matter halo that it much denser and more compact than previously thought.
An Interview with the Authors of the Book Model Assisted Survey Sampling

Approximately two decades ago I was approached by Carl-Erik Särndal, Bengt Swensson, and Jan Wretman. They presented a proposal for a book project and at the time I was Head of the Research and Development Department at Statistics Sweden and Chair of our Methods Council. The Council liked the proposal very much and since two of the authors (Carl-Erik and Jan) were Statistics Sweden employees it was decided that the book project should be included in our methods development plan. Eventually the authors found other funding sources as the work progressed and they moved on to various university departments. But Statistics Sweden is very proud of being involved in the initial phases of their endeavor. The book, Model Assisted Survey Sampling, was published by Springer-Verlag in 1992 and soon became a widely admired and used textbook, sometimes referred to as “The Yellow Book” or “The Big Yellow” or “The Big Yellow Book. ” With their book the authors set a new threshold for textbooks on survey sampling. I thought it would be interesting for readers of their book to learn about the authors’ views on the creation of the book and on some current events in the survey sampling field. Their thoughts would be a nice contribution to our anniversary issue of JOS. Therefore I asked Phil Kott, who also is a very prominent survey sampling expert and one of JOS’s Associate Editors, to ask the authors a few questions. I am very happy that Phil accepted my invitation and here is the result.
Albe 1998 – La grande Motte 2009 : quelles avancées en diffusion de neutrons aux petits angles en 10 ans ?

The importance of neutron scattering techniques for the characterization of samples in soft condensed matter has been demonstrated all along the present book. The fine understanding of the physical properties is closely linked to progress in the field of instrumentation. This chapter describes the advances over the last decade in technical domains, such as neutron detection, electronics and sample environment. The news software for data reduction and analysis are also discussed before to conclude with the ILL and LLB projects for new instruments.
Evolutionary Competition between Boundedly Rational Behavioral Rules in Oligopoly Games

In this paper, we propose an evolutionary model of oligopoly competition where agents can select between different behavioral rules to make decisions on productions. We formalize the model as a general class of evolutionary oligopoly games and then we consider an example with two specific rules, namely Local Monopolistic Approximation and Gradient dynamics. We provide several results on the global dynamic properties of the model, showing that in some cases the attractor of the system may belong to an invariant plane where only one behavioral rule is adopted (monomorphic state). The attractors on the invariant planes can be either strong attractors or weak attractors. However, we also explain why the system can be in a state of "Evolutionary Stable Heterogeneity", where it is more profitable for the agents to employ both heuristics in the long term (polymorphic state).
Can one observe Earth matter effects with supernova neutrinos

Neutrino oscillations in the Earth matter may introduce peculiar modulations in the supernova (SN) neutrino spectra. The detection of this effect has been proposed as diagnostic tool for the neutrino mass hierarchy at "large" 1-3 leptonic mixing angle theta13. We perform an updated study on the observability of this effect at large next-generation underground detectors (i.e., 0.4 Mton water Cherenkov, 50 kton scintillation and 100 kton liquid Argon detectors) based on neutrino fluxes from state-of-the-art SN simulations. The average energies predicted by recent simulations are lower than previously expected and a tendency towards the equalization of the neutrino fluxes of the different flavors during the SN cooling phase appears. As a consequence, the detection of the Earth matter effect should be more challenging than expected from previous studies. In particular, for a typical galactic SN at 10 kpc, none of the proposed detectors may be able to detect the Earth modulation in the SN neutrino signal. Due to larger differences in neutrino (as opposed to antineutrino) energies and fluxes, in a 100 kton liquid Argon detector the Earth effect becomes observable at few kpc. Only for very close-by stars, that could evolve in SNe (like Betelgeuse at 0.2 kpc) all three detectors would clearly see the Earth signature. Finally, taking Icecube as co-detector together with a Mton water Cherenkov detector to monitor the Earth effect, it is not able to detect any sizable variation in the SN neutrino event rate for any galactic supernova.
PERISTALTIC PUMPING OF A MICROPOLAR FLUID IN A TUBE WITH PERMEABLE WALL

In the present study, the peristaltic transport of an incompressible micropolar fluid in a tube with permeable wall is investigated. The flow is investigated in a wave frame of reference moving with the velocity of the wave. The expressions for velocity, pressure gradient, pressure rise and friction force are obtained. The features of the flow characteristics are analyzed through graphs and the obtained results are discussed in detail. Further, the friction force is studied for various micropolar parameters in all pumping ranges.
Designing asymmetric multiferroics with strong magnetoelectric coupling

Multiferroics offer exciting opportunities for electric-field control of magnetism. Unfortunately, single-phase multiferroics suitable for such applications at room temperature has not been discovered. Here, we propose the concept of a new type of multiferroics, namely, "asymmetric multiferroic". In asymmetric multiferroics, two locally stable ferroelectric states are not symmetrically equivalent, leading to different magnetic properties between these two states. Furthermore, we predict from first-principles that a Fe-Cr-Mo superlattice with the LiNbO3-type structure is such an asymmetric multiferroic. The strong ferrimagnetism, high ferroelectric polarization, and significant dependence of the magnetic transition temperature on polarization make this asymmetric multiferroic an ideal candidate for realizing electric-field control of magnetism at room temperature. Our study suggests that asymmetric multiferroic may provide a new playground for voltage control of magnetism and find its applications in spintronics and quantum computing.
Did Massive Primordial Stars Preenrich the Lyα Forest?

We examine the dynamical evolution and statistical properties of the supernova ejecta of massive primordial stars in a cosmological framework to determine whether this first population of stars could have enriched the universe to the levels and dispersions seen by the most recent observations of the Lyα forest. We evolve a Λ cold dark matter model in a 1 Mpc3 volume to a redshift of z = 15 and add "bubbles" of metal corresponding to the supernova ejecta of the first generation of massive stars in all dark matter halos with masses greater than 5 × 105 M☉. These initial conditions are then evolved to z = 3, and the distribution and levels of metals are compared to observations. In the absence of further star formation, the primordial metal is initially contained in halos and filaments. Photoevaporation of metal-enriched gas due to the metagalactic ultraviolet background radiation at the epoch of reionization (z ~ 6) causes a sharp increase of the metal volume filling factor. At z = 3, ~2.5% of the simulation volume (≈20% of the total gas mass) is filled with gas enriched above a metallicity of 10-4 Z☉, and less than 0.6% of the volume is enriched above a metallicity of 10-3 Z☉. This suggests that even with the most optimistic prescription for placement of primordial supernovae and the amount of metals produced by each supernova, this population of stars cannot entirely be responsible for the enrichment of the Lyα forest to the levels and dispersions seen by current observations unless we have severely underestimated the duration of the Population III epoch. However, comparison to observations using carbon as a tracer of metals shows that Population III supernovae can be significant contributors to the very low overdensity Lyα forest.
Contrasting Pressure Effects in Sr2VFeAsO3 and Sr2ScFePO3

We report the resistivity measurements under pressure of two Fe-based superconductors with a thick perovskite oxide layer, Sr2VFeAsO3 and Sr2ScFePO3. The superconducting transition temperature Tc of Sr2VFeAsO3 markedly increases with increasing pressure. Its onset value, which was Tc{onset}=36.4 K at ambient pressure, increases to Tc{onset}=46.0 K at ~4 GPa, ensuring the potential of the "21113" system as a high-Tc material. However, the superconductivity of Sr2ScFePO3 is strongly suppressed under pressure. The Tc{onset} of ~16 K decreases to ~5 K at ~4 GPa, and the zero-resistance state is almost lost. We discuss the factor that induces this contrasting pressure effect.
A first study of Hidden Valley models at the LHC

New stable particles with fairly low masses could exist if the coupling to the Standard Model is weak, and with suitable parameters they might be possible to produce at the LHC. Here we study a selection of models with the new particles being charged under a new gauge group, either U(1) or SU(N). In the Abelian case there will be radiation of gammavs, which decay back into the SM. In the non-Abelian case the particles will undergo hadronization into mesons like states piv/rhov that subsequently decays. We consider three different scenarios for interaction between the new sector and the SM sector and perform simulations using a Hidden Valley model previously implemented in PYTHIA. In this study we illustrate how one can distinguish the different models and measure different parameters of the models under conditions like those at the LHC.
Study of Lactic Acid Bacteria Biodiversity in Fermented Cobrançosa Table Olives to Determine Their Probiotic Potential

Current market trends point at increasing demand for functional foods, namely those carrying probiotics. In the case of table olives, presence of probiotics would convey a competitive advantage to Mediterranean-based diets, already established for their cultural heritage and gastronomic character. This work assessed the safety and resistance to gastrointestinal digestion of 19 native LAB strains from Cobrançosa table olives. Strains were identified via molecular sequencing (4 fingerprints/10 strains for Lactiplantibacillus pentosus, and 2 fingerprints/9 strains for L. paraplantarum), and exposed to simulated gastrointestinal fluids, as per the INFOGEST in vitro protocol with modifications. None of those strains proved dangerous for human consumption. Survivability to the gastrointestinal resistance test ranged from 29% to 70%, with strain-dependent variability. L. paraplantarum i18, i27, and i102, and L. pentosus i10 and i11 exhibited statistically lower survival rates (29–35%) than probiotic the Greek table olive reference strain L. pentosus B281 (53%). Among the other strains, L. paraplantarum i101 and L. pentosus i53 and i106 showed the highest survival rates but were not significantly different from the strain of Lacticaseibacillus casei isolated from commercial probiotic yoghurt (65–70%). In vitro results proved that strains retrieved from fermenting cultivar Cobrançosa possess the potential to be claimed as probiotics—thus deserving further attention toward the development of a specific starter culture.