Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Plants detection, localization and discrimination using 3D machine vision for robotic intra-row weed control

Weed management is vitally important in crop production systems. However, conventional herbicide-based weed control can lead to negative environmental impacts. Manual weed control is laborious and impractical for large scale production. Robotic weeding offers a possibility of controlling weeds precisely, particularly for weeds growing close to or within crop rows. The fusion of two-dimensional textural images and threedimensional spatial images to recognize and localize crop plants at different growth stages were investigated. Images of different crop plants at different growth stages with weeds were acquired. Feature extraction algorithms were developed, and different features were extracted and used to train plant and background classifiers, which also addressed the problems of canopy occlusion and leaf damage. Then, the efficacy and accuracy of the proposed methods in classification were demonstrated by experiments. Currently, the algorithms were only developed and tested for broccoli and lettuce. For broccoli plants, the crop plants detection true positive rate was 93.1%, and the false discover rate was 1.1%, with the average cropplant-localization error of 15.9 mm. For lettuce plants, the crop plants detection true positive rate was 92.3%, and the false discover rate was 4.0%, with the average crop-plantlocalization error of 8.5 mm. The results have demonstrated that 3D imaging based plant recognition algorithms are effective and reliable for crop/weed differentiation.
Binaural sound reproduction in car compartments - A feasibility study using four channels

Binaural audio material can be presented with the use of headphones or a set of loudspeakers. When using the latter, the playback system should compensate for the occurring crosstalk which is done with the use of crosstalk cancellation filters. A car compartment is considered to be acoustically challenging, for spatial reproduction over loudspeakers, due to the many reflecting surfaces. The thesis set out to investigate suitable loudspeaker positions that might be in favour for a rougher estimation of the cancellation filters, making the system more robust. Another aim was to find a method for filter design. Firstly, a test rig with two loudspeakers was set up to try different loudspeaker positions. When the positions were set, the filters were tuned and tested with the test rig as well as inside a car compartment. Two separate systems were implemented, one behind and one in front of the listener, referred to as back and front system. When the tuning process was completed three user studies were conducted using three different loudspeaker setups: one setup using four similar loudspeakers placed in a listening room, one setup with custom built loudspeakers implemented in a car compartment and the final setup placed inside the listening room using the custom built loudspeakers from the car. The participants were asked to localise virtual source positions generated by either the back or front system. An instrumental evaluation was performed by testing the created filters in a virtual system. Head shadowing and crosstalk performance were studied. Furthermore, a method of filter design was developed along with a measurement script for use with Matlab or Octave. Two of the main findings from the user study are: • The back system was suitable for presenting virtual source positions behind the listener. For source positions in front of the listener most answers resulted in front/back confusions. These tendencies were shown for all tests. • The front system was found to have a more uniform representation of source positions for the tests performed in the listening room. The system inside the car would need further tuning to increase system performance. Keywords: binaural reproduction, 3D sound, filter design, car HMI, signal processing
POST SILICON VALIDATION RTL LEVEL BY USING RSS

Post-silicon validation is a necessary step in a design's v erification process. The primary problem governing post-silicon validation is the limited observability due to storage of a small number of signals in a trace buffer. The signals to be traced should be carefully selected in order to maximize restoration of the remaining signals. Existing approaches have Â major drawbacks . In rss method it is depending upon the registers. It can excute single d-ram.But in proposed system depends on prss method.It can excute 8 drams at once by using ip core.
Mobile government services among Iraqi citizens in rural areas: a pilot study

Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) serve as one of the main resources of promoting products, services or delivering and broadcasting information but also connecting organizations and communities together in terms of better interaction and better communication possibilities.The advance of information systems played important role in developing the communities through providing the necessary information and services to public sector. Therefore, governments have tried to establish information system projects, with exploit modern ICTs, leading to expenditure of huge amount of money for implementation of information systems. Iraq’s government has adopted mG system to provide better services to citizens, employees, organization and other stakeholders. However, the mG system utilization among citizens and government is limited. Therefore, the evaluation of mG success of individuals’ point view in Iraq is critical. The main objective of this study is to check the reliability of each item of research instrument by using Cronbach’s alph tool.In this study, a theoretical conceptual model that includes the influencing factors of mG success was proposed to evaluate mG success among citizens. A questionnaire was designed to examine the hypothesis for every factor.In order to verify questionnaire reliability, a pilot study was done. All values obtained by a pilot study were accepted.
'The architecture of organisations': Thoughts on the notions of architecture and culture

Art history may help us to raise some useful questions regarding the transformations of management and organisations. The introduction of iron in architecture during the 19th century has caused a major transformation. The efficient use of iron has given a primary role to calculus as opposed to the traditional practice of drawing. The engineer, has imposed himself as a new actor. We can identify in management history periods of calculus vs. others of drawing. The role of the material, of its normalisation, the techniques to use it in the best way, are also questioned through corporate culture seen as the guaranty of predictable behaviours from the individuals, who compose the firm.
Cophenetic Correlation of Fuzzy Quality Software Defect Analysis

There are several parameters directly or indirectly quality related to software defects. The value OF these parameters are depending on the size of the software applications. Here 24 variables are Identified all related to quality related to software defects . Defects per function point, Defect Potential, Defect removal efficiency, Defects removed, Defects delivered, Cost per defect prerelease, Cost per defect post releases, Development schedule , Development staffing, Development effort, Development costs, Function points per staff month, LOC per staff month, Maintenance staff, Maintenance effort, Maintenance costs, Total effort, Total cost, Total cost per staff member, Total cost per function point, Total cost per LOC, Average cost per defect, size of c program and function points. The paper discusses qualitative /quantitative measurements of software using cluster analysis. Four different cases are carried out. First analysis as with function point as predominant factor , second analysis with Defects per function point, third analysis with Development schedule and fourth analysis with Development effort (8),(12),(13).
Chemical Composition and Morphological Characterization of Enset (E. ventricosum) Leaf Residues for Paper Pulping Production: Kraft Pulping

Currently, paper pulping production from woody materials has many disadvantages due to its high energy, chemical, water consumption, methane emissions, and deforestation. However, the use of non-woody materials solves these problems. This study focused on the use of non-virgin raw material (Enset leaf fiber) in pulp and paper making. Enset leaf residues are the primary solid residues after the steam plant is used for “Kocho” processing. This leaf fiber has a lignocellulose component, converting this residue into Pulp and paper is crucial in terms of economic and waste management via the Kraft process. It has a higher fiber quality, lower energy consumption, and high recoverability of the chemical raw materials used in the process. The chemical composition of the Enset leaf fiber was analyzed using the Technical Association of Pulp and Paper. It has an excellent fiber length (2.12±1.46mm), fiber diameter (26.55±15.6µm) andacceptable rigidity coefficient (1.05±0.07), and flexibility coefficient (125.23±0.04). The maximum pulp yield was obtained at a temperature of 120°C, NaOH concentration of 8%, and 40 min cooking time off, which was 69.92% w/w. The functional groups of the Enset leaf fiber and morphological characteristics of the fiber were investigated.
Phylogeny of the South American genus Baripus (Coleoptera : Carabidae : Broscini) with the description of new mountain species from the northern Patagonia Biogeographic Province

Abstract The genus Baripus Dejean is a carabid beetle endemic to southern South America, inhabiting grassland and shrub habitats in mountain and lowland areas. In this work, the phylogeny of the genus is updated and new species restricted to isolated mountains from the Patagonia Biogeographic Province are described. The cladistic analysis showed that the new mountain species comprise a monophyletic clade with five other species. Within this group, the species are arranged in two internal clades. Each clade contains one or two lowland species with a wide distribution range and the remaining species with microendemic distribution on each mountain system. Their distribution pattern suggests that mountain species of Baripus could have originated since (by) the end of the Cenozoic when the mountains uplifted and acted as a refuge for populations of lowland species that remained isolated and later became differentiated from one another. Based on morphological and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I molecular data, Baripus (Cardiophthalmus) palauco, sp. nov., Baripus (Cardiophthalmus) tromen, sp. nov., Baripus (Cardiophthalmus) aucamahuida, sp. nov. and Baripus (Cardiophthalmus) payun, sp. nov. are described and a key to all currently known species of Baripus (Cardiophthalmus) is provided.
A Practical Shared Optical Cache With Hybrid MWSR/R-SWMR NoC for Multicore Processors

Conventional electronic memory hierarchies are intrinsically limited in their ability to overcome the memory wall due to scaling constraints. Optical caches and interconnects can mitigate these constraints, and enable processors to reach performance and energy efficiency unattainable by purely electronic means. However, the promised benefits cannot be realized through a simple replacement process; to reach its full potential, the architecture needs to be holistically redesigned. This article proposes Pho$, an opto-electronic memory hierarchy architecture for multicores. Pho$ replaces conventional core-private electronic caches with a large shared optical L1 built with optical SRAMs. The shared optical cache is supported by Pho$Net, a novel hybrid MWSR/R-SWMR optical NoC that provides low-latency and high-bandwidth communication between the electronic cores and the shared optical L1 at low optical loss. Pho$Net’s unique network arbitration protocol seamlessly co-arbitrates the request and reply sub-networks and facilitates cache requests and replies that optimize for the common case of cache hits. Through Pho$ we solve the problems that render previous designs impractical. Our results show that Pho$ achieves on average 1.41× performance speedup (3.89× max) and 31% lower energy-delay product (90% max) against conventional designs. Moreover, the Pho$Net optical NoC for core-cache communication consumes 70% less power compared to directly applying previously proposed optical NoC architectures.
Mathematics Teachers’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices in using Evidence-based Instructional Practices

The recent results from national and international standardized examinations in Mathematics have pushed the Philippines Department of Education (DepEd) to revisit the instructional approaches used in the Filipino classrooms. One of the recommendations of DepEd is the use of evidence-based instructional practices (EBIPs). However, little is known regarding the factors that influence Filipino mathematics teachers’ implementation of a certain teaching strategy. The main objective of this current study is to find out whether mathematics teachers’ knowledge and attitudes predict their practice of EBIPs. This descriptive study involved 114 teacher-respondents from one district in Laguna. Data were gathered using a researchers-made questionnaire distributed online using Google forms. Findings revealed that 47.5% of mathematics teachers, in general, are knowledgeable of EBIPs while 36.57% of the respondents have misconceptions about EBIPs. In addition, it was found that, generally, they have a positive attitude towards EBIPs (M = 3.63, SD = 0.51). The result also showed that the respondents employ EBIPs in their classrooms to a moderate extent (M = 3.19, SD = 0.46). Teacher-respondents reported that they are satisfied with the implementation of a teaching strategy when a strategy is beneficial for the learners’ holistic development and helps improve the pedagogical process. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that mathematics teachers’ attitude towards EBIPs and misconception of EBIPs predict their use of the evidence-based practice. Findings indicate the there is a need to correct these misconceptions through proper information dissemination of EBIPs.
Coverage-directed Differential Testing of X.509 Certificate Validation in SSL/TLS Implementations

Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) and Transport Security (TLS) are two secure protocols for creating secure connections over the Internet. X.509 certificate validation is important for security and needs to be performed before an SSL/TLS connection is established. Some advanced testing techniques, such as frankencert, have revealed, through randomly mutating Internet accessible certificates, that there exist unexpected, sometimes critical, validation differences among different SSL/TLS implementations. Despite these efforts, X.509 certificate validation still needs to be thoroughly tested as this work shows. This article tackles this challenge by proposing transcert, a coverage-directed technique to much more effectively test real-world certificate validation code. Our core insight is to (1) leverage easily accessible Internet certificates as seed certificates and (2) use code coverage to direct certificate mutation toward generating a set of diverse certificates. The generated certificates are then used to reveal discrepancies, thus potential flaws, among different certificate validation implementations. We implement transcert and evaluate it against frankencert, NEZHA, and RFCcert (three advanced fuzzing techniques) on five widely used SSL/TLS implementations. The evaluation results clearly show the strengths of transcert: During 10,000 iterations, transcert reveals 71 unique validation differences, 12×, 1.4×, and 7× as many as those revealed by frankencert, NEZHA, and RFCcert, respectively; it also supplements RFCcert in conformance testing of the SSL/TLS implementations against 120 validation rules, 85 of which are exclusively covered by transcert-generated certificates. We identify 17 root causes of validation differences, all of which have been confirmed and 11 have never been reported previously. The transcert-generated X.509 certificates also reveal that the primary goal of certificate chain validation is stated ambiguously in the widely adopted public key infrastructure standard RFC 5280.
Incentivizing Consumers Towards a More Sustainable Online Shopping Behavior: A Study on Nudging Strategies in B2C E-Commerce

While the importance of e-commerce in the economy is increasing, as more people shift their purchases to the digital world, also the issue of climate change is omnipresent. Especially consumers and companies together could potentially be a main driver for more sustainability. Hence, the aim of this paper is to analyze incentive strategies suitable for influencing consumers towards a more environmentally friendly online shopping behavior and consequently propose efficient strategies that can be implemented in online shops. Consequently, the research question being analyzed is: Which incentives are most suitable in a b2c e-commerce check-out environment for encouraging consumers to change their online shopping behavior towards a more sustainable one? Results for the underlying experiment are obtained through an online survey. Findings indicate that already the opportunity for gaining a reward seems likely to influence consumer behavior. While more egoistic benefits might be more efficient due to the potential loss, if not redeemed, for biospheric incentives, the environmental importance of these rewards seems to be the more important aspect. Hence, it can be argued that incentives in general are suitable for influencing consumer behavior, yet depending on which aspect one aims to address, different types of rewards should be considered.
Study on Learning Satisfaction and Influencing Factors in the Background of Blended Learning: ——Take the course ""Soul Catcher"-Portrait Photography" as an example

∗ In recent years, blended teaching has been widely used because it can better utilize the advantages of combining online and offline to maximize learning effectiveness. Exploring the influencing factors of learning satisfaction in a blended learning environment has become an issue worthy of attention. This study builds a model of factors affecting learning satisfaction and research hypotheses on the basis of existing literature. Through a questionnaire survey of students taking a hybrid photography course in a university, and with the help of statistical software such as SPSS and Amos, the hypothesis model is tested and revised, and finally a structural equation model of the factors affecting learner satisfaction is obtained. The research results show that metacognitive self-regulation, learning support, and evaluation methods have a direct positive effect on learning satisfaction. Finally, it puts forward teaching suggestions to improve the learning satisfaction of students in the hybrid photography course, in order to provide reference for follow-up research.
The Comparison of Return Ratio Prediction Based on Different Regression and Classifier Models

Stock prediction, as a popular event in quantitative finance, currently attracts lots of attentions from investors. To make good predictions and improve the results, plenty of different models and indicators have been used. In this paper, both the regression models and classifier model are utilized to predict three days return ratio, ten days return ratio, and twenty days return ratio. The comparison for regression models was made according to the metric including RMSE, MAPE, MASE, and R2. Subsequently, to compare the results of regression models and classifier models, precision values and recall values were used. According to the results, regression models are better than the classifier model. And among regression models, the X Gradient Boosting model produced the most satisfactory predictions. Overall, these results shed light on better prediction of return ratios for investors using the X Gradient Boosting model.
English Majors’ Online Learning Technology Needs in China

With the development of online education, deficiencies of online learning technology affect students’ learning effect greatly. For detecting more technical problems, aid in the progress of technology and promote the development of online English teaching, the paper conducted a questionnaire and analyzed the data with SPSS. It is found that most of the participants have encountered some technical problems in online classes and they need a better platform to facilitate learning. Based on the responses, several strategies are proposed for education technology-related enterprises: (1) Students should be allowed to have various interaction in online courses; (2) Students’ academic performance should be assessed in different ways with the help of technology; (3) The problem of students’ distraction should be addressed as much as possible with the aid of technology; (4)The platform should provide students with enough resources to review what they have been taught in online class. Therefore, these findings should contribute to future online education implication.
Fecal Bacterial Communities Differ by Lactation Status in Postpartum Women and Their Infants

Background: Previous research examined effects of human milk on the infant gut microbiota, but little attention has been given to the microbiota of lactating women. Research Aim: To determine associations between exclusive human milk feeding and gut microbiota characteristics in mothers and infants at 6-weeks postpartum. Methods: A sample of mother–infant dyads (N = 24) provided fecal samples and questionnaire responses at 6-weeks postpartum as part of the Pregnancy, EAting & POstpartum Diapers study. Deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted from stool samples, followed by (V4) 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene amplicon sequencing. Alpha and beta diversity, in addition to taxa differences, were compared by human milk exposure status, exclusive versus non-exclusive. A subset of dyads (those exclusively fed human milk; n = 14) was analyzed for shared bifidobacterial species using polymerase chain reaction. Results: Alpha diversity was significantly lower in exclusively human milk-fed infants. Maternal lactation status (exclusive vs. partial) and Shannon diversity were associated in univariate analysis but were no longer associated in multivariable regression including body mass index category in the model. Beta diversity (Sorensen dissimilarity) of fecal samples from women and infants was significantly associated with human milk feeding. Of six infants with Bifidobacterium longum subspecies longum in their fecal samples, all their mothers shared the same species. Conclusion: Maternal gut microbiotas differ by lactation status, a relationship potentially confounded by body mass index category. Further research is needed to identify whether lactation directly influences the maternal gut microbiota, which may be another mechanism by which lactation influences health.