Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tendencies in Spatial Planning in Austria

In Austria there is a federal system, where the power is shared between national (Bund) and regional (Land) governments, with each having autonomy in some spheres, and able to pass laws. Power resides with the national government, although certain responsibilities may be delegated to regional governments. In Austria the national government has no competence in spatial planning, but planning at the national level is undertaken through a joint forum which has advisory powers, and in which the national government and the Lander Austrian are equal partners. At regional level the Austrian Lander play the primary role in spatial planning. The Austrian national government has only limited responsibilities.
Multi-Agent Proximal Policy Optimization for a Deadlock Capable Transport System in a Simulation-Based Learning Environment

In this paper, we explore the potential of multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) for managing the driving behavior of autonomous guided vehicles (AGVs) in production logistics environments with single-lane tracks, where deadlocks pose a significant challenge. We build upon previous work and adopt a MARL approach using the Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) algorithm. We conduct a thorough hyperparameter search and investigate the impact of varying numbers of agents on the performance of the AGVs. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of the MARL approach in addressing deadlocks and coordinating AGV behavior, as well as the scalability of the learned policy to different numbers of agents. The Bayesian optimization process and increased iteration count contribute to improved performance and more stable learning curves.
Rolling-Horizon Simulation Optimization For A Multi-Objective Biomanufacturing Scheduling Problem

We study a highly complex scheduling problem that requires the generation and optimization of production schedules for a multi-product biomanufacturing system with continuous and batch processes. There are two main objectives here; makespan and lateness, which are combined into a cost function that is a weighted sum. An additional complexity comes from long horizons considered (up to a full year), yielding problem instances with more than 200 jobs, each consisting of multiple tasks that must be executed in the factory. We investigate whether a rolling-horizon principle is more efficient than a global strategy. We evaluate how cost function weights for makespan and lateness should be set in a rolling-horizon approach where deadlines are used for subproblem definition. We show that the rolling-horizon strategy outperforms a global search, evaluated on problem instances of a real biomanufacturing system, and we show that this result generalizes to problem instances of a synthetic factory.
FEMA-Net: A Fast Multi-Spatial Attention Mechanism for Ship Detection in Remote Sensing Images

The advancement of satellite technology enables the swift detection of ships in vast sea areas, which is crucial for effectively obtaining information. However, remote sensing images of ships exhibit features such as considerable width, reduced size, and significant shape variations. These attributes pose challenges for visual observation, and the complexity of backgrounds and weather interference exacerbates this challenge. To solve these problems, the present study FEMA-Net, a fresh ship detection model using remote sensing. Firstly, we enhance the C2f module by introducing the C2f-FNB module, optimizing its applicability on platforms with limited computational resources. Secondly, to alleviate the issue of overfitting, this paper introduces the EMA attention mechanism module. This addition directs the model's attention towards smaller ship targets, enhancing spatial feature capabilities, and reducing emphasis on larger backgrounds. Experimental results on a processed remote sensing ship detection dataset show significant improvements in both speed and accuracy compared to popular models.
Simulation of the Human Arm Dynamics and Motor Control in Unstable Environments: A Comparison with Experimental Data

The simulation of the human body dynamics offers a powerful way to investigate the interaction between humans and systems. This so-called physical human-machine interaction (HMI) is useful to consider during the development of new products like tools, cars or aircrafts, in order to increase comfort and safety. In this work, the Modelica Human Body Library is presented first. It is the only digital human mode (DHM) for physical HMI available in the multi-domain modeling language Modelica so far. The model considers the human body dynamics as well as the motor control of the limbs. A special feature of the model is the human inspired control scheme, which takes into account effects such as human reaction time and limb stiffness adaption. After an introduction to the DHM, its capabilities are evaluated by comparing simulation results with experimental data from a experimental study. In the study, different unstable force fields were applied to the hands of subjects as they approached a target. The resulting hand trajectories were measured. As many control tasks for humans, especially while using tools, are characterized by unstable behavior, this study is well suited to evaluate a DHM. Comparison with the experimental data shows that the resulting hand trajectories in the simulation are comparable to the ones the subjects produced due to the force fields. This applies for both, the initial tries with big deviations as well as the tries after the subjects adapted their arm stiffness to the force field.
Comparative Study of Low Bit-width DNN Accelerators: Opportunities and Challenges

Digital Processing-in-Memory (PIM) architectures have recently unleashed significant potential in Deep Neural Network (DNN) acceleration not only by addressing memory-wall bottlenecks but also by offering impressive performance improvement compared to the von-Neumann architecture. Different flavors of DNN ASIC accelerators have also been developed and fabricated, with remarkable performance and efficiency. This paper conducts a comparative study of PIM and Gemmini-generated accelerators for low-bit-width DNN inference and underscores their key architectural constraints, opportunities, and security challenges. To this end, we compare multiple low-power accelerators with our recently taped-out PIM macro to provide a guideline for the community.
Focused Crawler Method Based on ELMo Model and Extended Theme Terms Weight

Considering the problems of insufficient theme description and low accuracy of topic correlation calculation, this paper proposed a focused crawler method based on ELMo (Embedding from Language Models) word vector and extend theme documents. Extend theme description documents with subject words extracted from Web text and keep the word's weight. Elmo model is used to train word vector to improve semantic representation. Based on the above two points, the similarity computing formula is improved to make the accuracy better. Experiment results show that the accuracy (the number of relevant pages divided by the total number of pages) of web pages captured by the improved topic crawler is 3%-6% higher than the traditional topic crawler method based on word2vec word vector.
The influence of sampling method on electrolyte concentrations, pH and buffer capacity of saliva in healthy individuals

Abstract Introduction Saliva is a complex secretion, which plays an important role in maintenance of oral health. Analysis of saliva is fast, simple and non-invasive, and it is increasingly used as a biological sample for determination of various biochemical markers. The aim was to determine the influence of unstimulated saliva collection methods for measuring electrolytes concentration (sodium, potassium, calcium), pH and buffer capacity of saliva in healthy subjects. Material and methods 30 healthy subjects, males and females, aged 18 to 20 years, without oral and systemic diseases were included in the study. Unstimulated saliva samples were taken using a special tube (Salivette) and via direct spitting into the test tube. The concentrations of sodium and potassium were determined by flame emission photometry while spectrophotometry was used for calcium concentration. For the analysis of pH value of saliva pH-meter was used, while saliva buffer capacity was determined by titration with HCl (0.005 mol/L). Results The level of sodium in unstimulated saliva collected in test tubes was 8.43 ± 3.92 mmol/L and in special tubes 7.90 ± 4.33 mmol/L. Potassium level in unstimulated saliva collected in test tubes was 13.62 ± 0.99 mmol/L while in special tubes it was 13.54 ± 0.94 mmol/L. Mean values of sodium and potassium in unstimulated saliva didn’t show statistically significant difference in their concentrations between the two methods of collecting saliva. In contrast to these electrolytes, calcium concentration was higher in the samples of saliva collected with special tubes (2.04 ± 1.05 mmol/L) compared to the samples taken by direct spitting into the test tube (1.38 ± 1.18 mmol/L) with statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). By analyzing the pH of unstimulated saliva it was found that the average pH value of saliva collected with special tubes was 7.05 ± 0.32, and after direct spitting into test tubes it was 7.35 ± 0.41. Buffer capacity of saliva in healthy subjects was lower after taking with special tubes (5.18 ± 0.74) compared to test tubes (5.36 ± 0.85), but without statistical difference. Conclusion Unstimulated saliva collecting methods using cotton pads (salivette) and direct spitting in the test tube did not affect the value of pH, buffer capacity, the concentrations of sodium and potassium, but affected the concentration of calcium in saliva from healthy subjects.
Research on two-dimensional thermal network of a coreless axial flux permanent magnet synchronous motor for flywheel energy storage

The axial flux motor without iron core has compact structure, small size, light weight, high torque density, but poor thermal characteristics. Thermal research is a key step in the design of axial flux permanent magnet motors without iron cores. In this paper, the temperature of the motor without iron core is predicted based on two-dimensional equivalent thermal network and coupling iteration. Firstly, the structure and working principle of the flywheel energy storage field are described. Secondly, The system heat source is mainly divided into three parts, which are considered separately in the article. Thirdly, A two-dimensional thermal model suitable for vacuum pumping in flywheel energy storage systems was proposed and validated, and applied to its temperature prediction.
Abstractive Indonesian News Summarization Using BERT2GPT

This study examines the necessity of employing BERT2GPT for single-document summarization in the current age of escalating digital data. The primary focus of this work is on the abstractive technique, which tries to generate versatile summaries that surpass the primary sentences of the original content. This study employs two models, namely BERT and GPT -2, for the purpose of the summarization system. The paper introduces the BERT2GPT model, which merges the bidirectional characteristics of BERT with the generative powers of GPT. The findings indicate that the BERT2GPT method successfully catches significant information and linguistic nuances, hence enhancing the quality of the generated summaries. The corresponding average values for Rl, R2, and RL are 0.62, 0.56, and 0.60, respectively.
Hukum Pertanahan di Belanda dan Indonesia

Proyek “the Building Blocks lor the Rule of Law” (Bahan-bahan pemikiran tentang Pengembangan Rule 01 Law/Negara Hukum) diprakarsai oleh Universitas Leiden dan Universitas Groningen dari Belanda, serta Universitas Indonesia. Proyek ini dimulai pada Januari 2009 dan sesuai jadual akan diakhiri pada September 2012. Keseluruhan rangkaian kegiatan daIam proyek ini terselenggara berkat dukungan finansial dari the Indonesia Facility, diimplementasikan oleh NL Agency, untuk dan atas nama Kementerian Belanda untuk Urusan Eropa dan Kerjasama Intemasional (Dutch Ministry of European Affairs and International Cooperation). Tujuan jangka panjang dari proyek ini adalah memperkuat ikhtiar pengembangan negara hukum (rule oflaw) Indonesia, membantu Indonesia mengembangkan tata kelola pemerintahan yang baik (good governance) dan memajukan pembangunan ekonomi (economic development) dan keadilan sosial (social justice). Sejak awal proyek dirancang rangkaian pelatihan terinci yang mencakup bidang-bidang telaahan hukum perburuhan, hukum pidana, hukum keperdataan dan studi sosio-legal. Sebagai perwujudan rencana tersebut antara Januari 2010 dan Juli 2011, tigabelas Iokakarya yang mencakup bidang-bidang kajian di atas diselenggarakan di sejumlah lokasi berbeda di Indonesia. Lokakarya-lokakarya demikian melibatkan pengajar-pengajar hukum terkemuka, baik dari Universitas Leiden dan Groningen maupun dari lakultas-Iakultas hukum di Indonesia. Peserta lokakarya adalah stal pengajar dari kurang lebih delapan puluh fakultas hukum dari universitas-universitas di seluruh Indonesia. Proyek ini akan dituntaskan dengan penyeIenggaraan pada pertengahan 2012 konferensi intemasional di Universitas Indonesia. Rangkaian buku pegangan dengan judul ‘Building Blocks for the Rule of Law’ yang merupakan kumpulan tulisan dari para instruktur dari pihak Belanda dan Indonesia serta masukan-masukan berharga dari peserta kursus merupakan hasil konkret dari proyek tersebut di atas. Isi buku: vii BAGIAN I Hukum Belanda 1. Sistem dasar transasksi tanah dalam teori 2. Sistem dasar transaksi tanah dalam praktik 3. Konsekuensi hukum dari pendaftaran 4. Kebijakan tata ruang melalui perencanaan tata ruang dalam sebuah pendekatan yang holistik 5. Pengambilalihan: kepentingan publik yang wajar dan kompensasi yang adil di wilayah perkotaan BAGIAN II Hukum Indonesia 6. Pengertian dan ruang lingkup hukum agraria 7. Garis-garis besar perkembangan hukum tanah di Indonesia 8. Pembentukan UUPA dan pembangunan hukum tanah nasional 9. Hak-hak penguasaan atas tanah menurut hukum tanah nasional 10. Konversi hak-hak perorangan atas tanah 11. Penyediaan tanah untuk pembangunan 12. Pendaftaran tanah 13. Tanah sebagai jaminan kredit 14. Land reform di Indonesia 15. Rumah susun di Indonesia 16. Kebijakan penataan ruang di Indonesia: Pendekatan holistik
Study on Partial Discharge of Scratch Defects in Cable Terminal by X-ray Excitation

The terminal scratch defect is one of the typical defects of cable accessories. It is difficult to detect the weak discharge signal of the terminal small scratch defect under the withstand voltage test. In order to improve the sensitivity of partial discharge detection in the process of cable withstand voltage test, this paper proposes a method of using X-ray irradiation to excite the partial discharge of scratch defect in cable terminal, designs an experimental model of cable terminal scratch defect, builds a partial discharge measurement system under X-ray excitation, summarizes the influence of X-ray on the partial discharge of terminal scratch defect, and analyzes the influence mechanism of X-ray on the discharge of scratch defect. The experimental results show that X-ray can reduce the partial discharge inception voltage (PDIV) of cable terminal scratch defect. When the applied voltage is lower than PDIV and higher than partial discharge inception voltage under X-ray excitation (XPDIV), X-ray can excite the discharge and the discharge stops with the stop of X-ray. When the applied voltage is higher than PDIV, X-ray irradiation can increase the discharge repetition rate and discharge amount of the self-sustained discharge sample. The research results can provide a new method for improving the sensitivity of partial discharge detection under withstand voltage test.
IoT Open Messaging Standards: Performance Comparison with MQTT and CoAP Protocols

The communication protocols are the foundation for Internet of Things (IoT) for the seamless integration of hundreds of thousands of devices enabling a lightweight IoT communication network. Further, interoperability is a major concern in regard with connecting the multitude of heterogeneous devices, sensors, actuators, agents etc. Open messaging standards are designed to overcome the problem of horizontal interoperability for providing peer-to-peer communication network and real-time interaction possible in heterogeneous systems. The current research focus on the performance analysis to review the applicability of the open messaging standards available for IoT communication. In this paper, we design and implement the experiments to analyze the protocols’ behaviour with respect to two performance metrics; throughput and latency. Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT) and Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) protocols are used for comparative analysis for the Open messaging standards. The evaluation is done by using various experimental scenarios to analyze performance results. It is observed that Open messaging standards performance outperforms when compared with MQTT and CoAP in IoT applications by considering various evaluation parameters. It has been analyzed that open messaging standards lead in the IoT domain which can be well explained by the obtained results.
A 180 - 200 GHz CMOS Carrier Generator for Broadband Sensing and Communication Transmitter Systems

A 180 – 200 GHz carrier generator, comprised of an integrated power amplifier (PA) and frequency synthesizer (90 – 95GHz Type II PLL), is designed and implemented in TSMC 28 nm CMOS technology for future broadband sub-THz sensor and radio transmitter applications. The design methodology that optimizes the PA's output power and gain by fine-tuning both active and passive on-chip components is discussed. The peak output power measured with a WR5 quartz probe is -1.47 dBm at 180 GHz. The phase noise measured at 193.6 GHz is -74.8 dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset from the carrier.
Model-Based Optimization of a Series-Hybrid High-Performance Vehicle Powertrain with Hybrid Energy Storage System

The necessity to move towards a more sustainable mobility calls also for more efficient high-performance vehicles, which still fulfill dynamic requirements, namely, fast accelerations and limited weight. This study addresses the problem of series-hybrid powertrain mass minimization; the paper proposes sizing methodologies suitable to determine the combination of any number of primary storage systems (such as batteries and supercapacitors) that is optimal in terms of mass. The application of such methodologies indicates that it is possible to realize storage systems of about 33 kg and suitable to satisfy the power and energy requirements characterizing a representative mission profile, while achieving fuel savings in excess of 20% with respect to the ICE-only architecture.
Force Information Presentation by Vibrotactile Stimulation Combining Amplitude and Frequency Modulation

Teleoperation makes it possible to work in in-accessible environment. To do so safely and effectively, some means of force feedback is necessary. However, force feedback methods that involve a reaction force often require bulky equipment. Instead, our study has utilized force feedback using vibrotactile stimulation. Although the modulation method of force information to vibrotactile stimulation has previously been demonstrated in magnitude (AM) and frequency (FM), we propose a method called AFM that uses amplitude and frequency modulation simultaneously to improve performance. In particular, we adjusted the amplitude using the sensation level and used logarithmized frequency for the AFM. First, the vibrotactile detection threshold of participants was measured to determine the amplitude to be equivalent in the same sensation level among participants. Then, the performance of discrimination was evaluated through stair-case psychophysical experiments. The results showed that our proposal AFM method significantly improved the discrimination sensitivity for the force information as compared with AM and FM methods.
EEG-Based Emotion Analysis Using Person-Event Network

Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology has attracted a lot of attention in recent years. Emotion recognition which based on electroencephalography is a typical application of BCI. Traditional methods on emotion recognition are mainly focusing on time domain feature and frequency domain feature while spatial information is often been ignored. In this paper, to make use of spatial feature, we propose a new convolutional neural network using not only temporal feature but also person related feature and event related feature. Depthwise convolution and separable convolution are also used for feature extraction. To verify the effectiveness of our method, we conduct extensive experiments on the public dataset DEAP and DREAMER. Compared with other methods, our method has achieved the state-of-the-art effect.
Design of Post-Assembly Magnetization System of the Rotor of Disk Coreless Permanent Magnet Motor Based on Halbach Array

The post-assembly magnetization technology can reduce the manufacturing cost, improve production efficiency, and ensure the product quality and performance of permanent magnet motors. Taking a 16-pole disk motor as a prototype, this paper introduces the design process of the post-assembly magnetization system of the rotor of a disk coreless permanent magnet motor based on the Halbach array. Racetrack-like magnetizing windings with longer outer ends and shorter inner ends are used to magnetize the motor. The corresponding two-dimensional and three-dimensional finite element simulation models are established. The influence of the geometric dimensions and turns of the magnetizing coil on the magnetizing field is studied. The magnetizing coil stress and temperature during magnetization are simulated and analyzed, and then the corresponding magnetization scheme is designed. The simulation results show that the designed post-assembly magnetization system successfully magnetizes the rotor of a disk coreless permanent magnet motor.
Development and Testing of a Physically Based Model of Streambank Erosion for Coupling with a Basin‐Scale Hydrologic Model SWAT

A comprehensive streambank erosion model based on excess shear stress has been developed and incorporated in the hydrological model Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). It takes into account processes such as weathering, vegetative cover, and channel meanders to adjust critical and effective stresses while estimating bank erosion. The streambank erosion model was tested for performance in the Cedar Creek watershed in north‐central Texas where streambank erosion rates are high. A Rapid Geomorphic field assessment (RAP‐M) of the Cedar Creek watershed was done adopting techniques developed by the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), and the stream segments were categorized into various severity classes. Based on the RAP‐M field assessment, erosion pin sites were established at seven locations within the severely eroding streambanks of the watershed. A Monte Carlo simulation was carried out to assess the sensitivity of different parameters that control streambank erosion such as critical shear stress, erodibility, weathering depth, and weathering duration. The sensitive parameters were adjusted and the model was calibrated based on the bank erosion severity category identified by the RAP‐M field assessment. The average observed erosion rates were in the range 25‐367 mm year−1. The SWAT model was able to reasonably predict the bank erosion rates within the range of variability observed in the field (R2 = 0.90; E = 0.78). Editor's note: This paper is part of the featured series on SWAT Applications for Emerging Hydrologic and Water Quality Challenges. See the February 2017 issue for the introduction and background to the series.