Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of accommodation on coma at central and peripheral retina

Coma is one of the most common ocular higher order aberrations and highly affects the quality of image. It is assumed that corneal aberrations are balanced by internal (lenticular) aberrations so that retinal image quality may not have great impact. However, during accommodation, the shape, position, and curvature of the crystalline lens changes which might disrupt this balance between internal and corneal aberration. This study aimed to investigate the effect of accommodation on primary coma ( C3−1 and C31 ) and secondary coma ( C5−1 and C51 ) in relaxed and accommodated eyes. Zernike coefficients were measured in 53 subjects with Hartmann-Shack aberrometer both at the central and peripheral retina up to 30° off-axis in horizontal and vertical meridians. The process was repeated with 2.50 D accommodation stimulus and comas were compared with and without accommodation. Root-mean-square of total coma was also assessed. With accommodation, vertical comas changed to more negative value and horizontal comas changed to more positive values in most of the off-axis positions. In contrast, the secondary vertical comas became less negative and secondary horizontal comas became more negative with accommodation in most of the off-axis fixations. Thus, the results showed that accommodation affects coma which depends up on position of the fixation.
Building a Unified Spatio-Temporal Data Model for Grid Resources Based on Microservice Architecture

Under the background of accelerating the process of power grid construction, the unified spatial-temporal data model of power grid resources has become a necessary means to describe the relationship between spatial objects and power grid data. Affected by the defect of the information island, some unified spatiotemporal data models of power grid resources have poor updating performance. Therefore, a unified spatiotemporal data model of power grid resources based on microservice architecture is designed. The architecture can obtain the spatial structure elements of the power grid area, identify the spatial correlation characteristics of the modeling object through the distribution of power energy supply lines, eliminate the dimension of meteorological data variables, design a unified resource scheduling scheme based on the microservice architecture, calculate the space-time weight matrix, and build a space-time data model. Test results are that under the two update task scenarios, the average update performance of the unified spatiotemporal data model of power grid resources based on the Internet of things is 11363 times/second. The average update performance of the unified spatiotemporal data model of power grid resources based on the Internet of things is 9958 times/second). And the average update performance of the unified spatiotemporal data model of power grid resources based on the genetic algorithm is 9771 times/second. It shows that the designed unified spatiotemporal data model of power grid resources is perfect after combining the microservice architecture.
Development of a Low-Cost Interrogation System Using a MEMS Fabry-Pérot Tunable Filter

The interrogation of optic fiber sensors usually relies in complex and costly equipment with low portability due to their size such as Optical Spectrum Analyzers (OSA) or high-resolution spectrometers. Because of this, micro spectrometer devices, such as Micro-Electromechanical Systems (MEMS) with Fabry-Pérot tunable filters, are emerging as simpler and compact alternatives capable of being used to acquire spectral information in a wide wavelength band. In this work it is described the development of an interrogation system capable of infrared spectroscopy using a MEMS Fabry-Pérot Interferometer (MEMS-FPI) with a spectral response in the 1350nm to 1650nm range. Its performance is tested with the interrogation of long period fiber gratings both as a refractive index sensor and as a temperature sensor. Deconvolution techniques such as Wiener filtering are used to reduce the impact of the tunable filter’s impulse response in the measured signal. Results are comparable to those obtained using a typical OSA which shows the system’s potential as a cheaper and more transportable alternative.
Data-Driven Optimization of Energy Storage Allocation for Stable Outward Delivery in Wind and Solar Enrichment Region-A Case Study of Provincial Power Grid

The volatility and uncertainty of renewable energy sources aggravate the difficulties of power consumption balance in the new power system. One practical approach is to equip the grid with sufficient energy storage to reduce the operation risk. This paper focuses on a provincial grid with a heavy power outward delivery burden and its storage allocation problem. First, the optimization model with minimum storage allocation is established. Scenarios are constructed based on the typical set and the validation set. Second, a data-driven method is applied to build the typical set by k-means++. To describe the tolerance of wind and solar curtailed and delivery shedding, a chance-constrained approach is established and converted to linear constraints by big-M. The case study shows the power system needs considerable energy storage to ensure renewable energy consumption and delivery. With the lower tolerance, the allocated storage capacity will increase, and the lowest feasible tolerance is limited by scenarios with poor renewable output.
Hand-eye calibration with a new linear decomposition algorithm

To solve the homogeneous transformation equation of the form AX=XB in hand-eye calibration, where X represents an unknown transformation from the camera to the robot hand, and A and B denote the known movement transformations associated with the robot hand and the camera, respectively, this paper introduces a new linear decomposition algorithm which consists of singular value decomposition followed by the estimation of the optimal rotation matrix and the least squares equation to solve the rotation matrix of X. Without the requirements of traditional methods that A and B be rigid transformations with the same rotation angle, it enables the extension to non-rigid transformations for A and B. The details of our method are given, together with a short discussion of experimental results, showing that more precision and robustness can be achieved.
Solar Sources of Impulsive Solar Energetic Particle Events and Their Magnetic Field Connection to the Earth

This paper investigates the solar origin of impulsive solar energetic particle (SEP) events, often referred to as 3He-rich flares, by attempting to locate the source regions of 117 events as observed at ~2-3 MeV amu-1. Given large uncertainties as to when ions at these energies were injected, we use type III radio bursts that occur within a 5 hr time window preceding the observed ion onset, and search in EUV and X-ray full-disk images for brightenings around the times of the type III bursts. In this way we find the solar sources in 69 events. High cadence EUV images often reveal a jet in the source region shortly after the type III burst. We also study magnetic field connections between the Earth and the solar sources of impulsive SEP events as identified above, combining the potential field source surface (PFSS) model for the coronal field and the Parker spiral for the interplanetary magnetic field. We find open field lines in and around ~80% of the source regions. But only in ~40% of the cases, can we find field lines that are both close to the source region at the photosphere and to the Parker spiral coordinates at the source surface, suggesting challenges in understanding the Sun-Earth magnetic field with observations available at present and in near future.
Switched Two-Level and Robust Fuzzy Learning Control of an Overhead Crane

Overhead cranes are typical dynamic systems which can be modeled as a combination of a nominal linear part and a highly nonlinear part. For such kind of systems, we propose a control scheme that deals with each part separately, yet ensures global Lyapunov stability. The former part is readily controllable by the PDC techniques, and the latter part is compensated by fuzzy mixture of affine constants, leaving the remaining unmodeled dynamics or modeling error under robust learning control using the Nelder-Mead simplex algorithm. Comparison with the adaptive fuzzy control method is given via simulation studies, and the validity of the proposed control scheme is demonstrated by experiments on a prototype crane system.
Dielectric functions of bulk 4H and 6H SiC and spectroscopic ellipsometry studies of thin SiC films on Si

Spectroscopic rotating-analyzer ellipsometry employing a compensator and optical transmission were used to measure the dielectric functions of bulk 4H and 6H SiC from 0.72 to 6.6 eV for light propagating nearly parallel to the hexagonal axis. The measurements below the band gap show the presence of a thin surface layer, which was modeled as SiO2. The data are similar to results for cubic (3C) and 6H SiC from the literature, but differences are notable, particularly above 4 eV. At 5.56 eV, we observe a critical point in 4H SiC, which is assigned to direct interband transitions along the U=M−L axis in the hexagonal Brillouin zone after comparison with band structure calculations. No evidence for direct transitions below 6.5 eV was found in 6H SiC. We apply our results to the analysis of a 4H SiC film on insulator (SiCOI) produced by high-dose hydrogen implantation and direct wafer bonding on Si. For comparison, we also studied a 1 μm thick epitaxial layer of 3C SiC on Si, where the interference oscillations.
CLUSTERS OF NEBULAE

It happens frequently in astronomy that the introduction of a new instrument leads to the discovery of new phenomena or of unsuspected celestial objects. ^ Problems the solution of which could not previously be achieved may thus find their elucidation. The introduction of the telescope and, two centuries later, of the spectroscope ushered in modern astronomy. More recently, the construction of large reflectors like the 60-inch and the 100-inch telescopes of the Mount Wilson Observatory resulted in the recognition of the character of extragalactic nebulae as vast stellar systems. Objects at distances previously undreamed of can now be investigated, and already the most impressive result may be discerned in its outlines, namely that the physical aspects of all celestial objects exhibit a remarkable uniformity. Perhaps the most important astronomical innovation of the past decade is the Schmidt telescope. Among the results obtained with this sky-camera the discovery of many supernovae is perhaps best known, but other problems have also been brought nearer their solution through its use. Among these problems the investigations on the structure of clusters of nebulae are of special interest. Some of the problems involved were discussed in this magazine a few years ago, and a brief review of the results obtained in the meantime is in order. Clusters of nebulae are not new to astronomers. From the investigations of Messier and of the Herschels, it followed that remarkable groups of nebulae exist, such as the great nebula in Andromeda with its two companions, and the far larger group in Virgo, as well as the remarkable cloud of nebulae which extends through the constellations of Andromeda, Pegasus, Pisces, and Perseus. These clouds are given a prominent place in Humboldt's Cosmos. During the past decades and especially through
Wavelet analysis and enhanced damage indicators

Wavelet transforms are the emerging signal-processing tools for damage identification and time-frequency localization. A small perturbation in a static or dynamic displacement profile could be captured using multi-resolution technique of wavelet analysis. The paper presents the wavelet analysis of damaged linear structural elements using DB4 or BIOR6.8 family of wavelets. Starting with a localized reduction of EI at the mid-span of a simply supported beam, damage modeling is done for a typical steel and reinforced concrete beam element. Rotation and curvature mode shapes are found to be the improved indicators of damage and when these are coupled with wavelet analysis, a clear picture of damage singularity emerges. In the steel beam, the damage is modeled as a rotational spring and for an RC section, moment curvature relationship is used to compute the effective EI. Wavelet analysis is performed for these damage models for displacement, rotation and curvature mode shapes as well as static deformation profiles. It is shown that all the damage indicators like displacement, slope and curvature are magnified under higher modes. A localization scheme with arbitrary location of curvature nodes within a pseudo span is developed for steady state dynamic loads, such that curvature response and damages are maximized and the scheme is numerically tested and proved.
Random walks on generalized Koch networks

For deterministically growing networks, it is a theoretical challenge to determine the topological properties and dynamical processes. In this paper, we study random walks on generalized Koch networks with features that include an initial state that is a globally connected network to r nodes. In each step, every existing node produces m complete graphs. We then obtain the analytical expressions for first passage time (FPT), average return time (ART), i.e. the average of FPTs for random walks from node i to return to the starting point i for the first time, and average sending time (AST), defined as the average of FPTs from a hub node to all other nodes, excluding the hub itself with regard to network parameters m and r. For this family of Koch networks, the ART of the new emerging nodes is identical and increases with the parameters m or r. In addition, the AST of our networks grows with network size N as N ln N and also increases with parameter m. The results obtained in this paper are the generalizations of random walks for the original Koch network.
Modelling of the robotic Powerball®: a nonholonomic, underactuated and variable structure-type system

The Powerball® is the commercial name for a gyroscopic device that is marketed as a wrist exerciser. The device has a rotor with two underactuated degrees of freedom, which can be actuated by the appropriate motion of human or robot wrist axes. After the initial spin, applying the appropriate motion and torques to the housing leads to a spin-up of the rotor. Finding these torques intuitively is an easy task for human operators, but a complex task for a technical consideration, for example, in robotics. This article's main contribution is a novel dynamic model that considers friction effects. The presented model includes all three working principles of the device: free rotor mode and both modes of rotor rolling in the housing. The work introduces models with one and two degrees of freedom actuation, both of which are suitable for laboratory control experiments. An estimation of the friction is discussed, and both the simulation and the experimental results are presented to evaluate the models.
Inequality Aversion and Efficiency with Ordinal and Cardinal Social Preferences – An Experimental Study

In this paper, we report on a series of free-form bargaining experiments in which two players have to distribute four indivisible goods among themselves. In one treatment, players are informed about the monetary payoffs associated with each bundle of goods; in a second treatment only the ordinal ranking of the bundles is given. We find that in both cases, inequality aversion plays a prominent role. In the ordinal treatment, individuals apparently use the ranks in the respective preference orderings over bundles of goods as a substitute for the unknown monetary value. Allocations that distribute the value (money or ranks, respectively) most equally serve as natural "reference points" for the bargaining processes. Frequently, such "equal split" allocations are chosen by our subjects even though they are Pareto dominated. Whether a Pareto optimal allocation is chosen or not depends on whether or not it is a Pareto improvement relative to the "equal split" reference allocation. We find less Pareto-damaging behavior due to inequality aversion in the ordinal than in the cardinal treatment.
New data processing strategy for single frequency GPS deformation monitoring

Abstract Although the application of the single frequency receiver in GPS deformation monitoring is limited mainly by the effect of the ionospheric delays, the relevant studies have never been stopped due to the much cheaper price of the single frequency receivers. In this paper, we introduce a new data processing strategy for the deformation monitoring network where the baselines between any two nearest stations are processed instead of the baselines formed only between the reference stations and monitoring stations in the traditional strategy. As a result, most of the baselines in the monitoring networks are very short so as to the ionospheric effects can be safely ignored. The results from the experiments show that the new strategy can eliminate the effect of ionospheric delay by processing the short baselines in the network mode. The accuracy and integrity of the deformation solutions can be improved by the presented strategy.
Is the mora rhythm of Japanese more strongly observed in infant-directed speech than in adult-directed speech?

Japanese has traditionally been called “mora-timed,” but studies have shown that this intuition is based not on durational tendencies but rather on phonological, structural factors in the language. Meanwhile, infant-directed speech (IDS) is said to “exaggerate” certain properties of adult-directed speech (ADS), including rhythm. If so, then it is possible that the mora rhythm of Japanese is more strongly observed in IDS than ADS. To investigate this possibility, the present study utilized the RIKEN Japanese Mother-Infant Conversation Corpus, which contains approximately 11 h of IDS by 22 mothers talking with their 18-to-24-month-old infants, and 3 h of ADS by the same mothers. Results from durational analyses showed that aspects of mora rhythm, such as the distinction between phonemically short and long vowels and singleton and geminate consonants, and the tendency toward isochrony of moras, were not greater in IDS than ADS. Mora duration in IDS was instead more variable, partly stemming from greater phra.
The expulsion and retention of dust grains by galactic discs

We have constructed a numerical model of a galaxy that consists of a stellar, gas and dust disc imbedded within a dark halo. We have used this model to assess the radiation, gravitational and viscous forces on dust grains and to trace their motion through the interstellar medium over a period of 10(9) yr. We conclude that the disc opacity is a crucial factor in understanding the motion of the grains. Large grains (≈0.1 μm) with low disc opacity will lead to dust expulsion from the stellar disc, while high opacity leads to dust retention. Reasonable disc opacities lead to the recycling of the larger grains from the outer to the inner regions of the galaxy. The larger grains travel at higher velocities than small grains (0.01−0.001 μm), and so the smaller grains remain relatively close to their formation sites. Dust can ‘leak’ out over the entire surface of the disc because of the imbalance of radiation and gravitational forces. The dust is dynamically coupled to the gas and so although the gas lags behind the dust it is carried along with it. This explains the close correlation between the far-infrared emission from dust and the gas column density. We use a simple analytical model to show how the dust mass of a galaxy may evolve with time and how a significant fraction (90 per cent) of the total dust mass produced may have been expelled into the intergalactic medium.
Femtosecond laser aperturless near-field nanomachining of metals assisted by scanning probe microscopy

Ultrashort pulsed-laser radiation is an effective method for precision materials processing and surface nano-/micromodification because of minimal thermal and mechanical damage. This study demonstrates that controllable surface nanomachining can be achieved by femtosecond laser pulses through local field enhancement in the near-field of a sharp probe tip. Nanomachining of thin gold films was accomplished by coupling 800-nm femtosecond laser radiation with a silicon tip in ambient air. Finite-difference time-domain numerical predictions of the spatial distribution of the laser field intensity beneath the tip confirmed that the observed high spatial resolution is due to the enhancement of the local electric field. Possible structuring mechanisms and factors affecting this process are discussed. The present process provides an intriguing means for massive nanofabrication due to the flexibility in the substrate material selection, high spatial resolution of ∼10 nm (not possible with standard nanomachining techniques), and fast processing rates achievable through simultaneous irradiation of multiarray tips.
Higher-order linked interpolation in triangular thick plate finite elements

Purpose – In this work, the authors aim to employ the so-called linked-interpolation concept already tested on beam and quadrilateral plate finite elements in the design of displacement-based higher-order triangular plate finite elements and test their performance. Design/methodology/approach – Starting from the analogy between the Timoshenko beam theory and the Mindlin plate theory, a family of triangular linked-interpolation plate finite elements of arbitrary order are designed. The elements are tested on the standard set of examples. Findings – The derived elements pass the standard patch tests and also the higher-order patch tests of an order directly related to the order of the element. The lowest-order member of the family of developed elements still suffers from shear locking for very coarse meshes, but the higher-order elements turn out to be successful when compared to the elements from literature for the problems with the same total number of the degrees of freedom. Research limitations/implicat.
A Heavy Tailed Probability Distribution Function to Model Self-similar Traffic in ATM Networks

Recent findings have brought out the fractal or self-similar nature of network traffic. Self-similar processes have so far been defined only in terms of their auto-correlation functions, which are mathematically complex and not very tractable. In this paper, we present a simple distribution function that models self-similar arrivals by capturing its heavy tailed property.