Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Suppressed CO emission and high G/D ratios in z = 2 galaxies with sub-solar gas-phase metallicity

We study a population of significantly sub-solar enrichment galaxies at z = 1.99, to investigate how molecular gas, dust, and star formation relate in low-metallicity galaxies at the peak epoch of star formation. We target our sample with several deep Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array and Very Large Array datasets, and find no individual detections of CO[4–3], CO[1–0], or dust, in stark contrast to the >60 per cent detection rate expected for solar-enrichment galaxies with these MS H α star formation rates (SFRs). We find that both low- and high-density molecular gas (traced by CO[1–0] and CO[4–3], respectively) are affected by the low enrichment, showing sample average (stacked) luminosity deficits >0.5–0.7 dex below expectations. This is particularly pertinent for the use of high-J CO emission as a proxy of instantaneous SFR. Our individual galaxy data and stacked constraints point to a strong inverse dependence ∝ Zγ of gas-to-dust ratios (G/D) and CO-to-H2 conversion factors (αCO) on metallicity at z ∼ 2, with γG/D <−2.2 and $\gamma _{\alpha _{\rm CO}}\lt $−0.8, respectively. We quantify the importance of comparing G/D and αCO versus metallicity trends from the literature on a common, suitably normalized metallicity scale. When accounting for systematic offsets between different metallicity scales, our z ∼ 2 constraints on these scaling relations are consistent with the corresponding relations for local galaxies. However, among those local relations, we favour those with a steep/double power-law dependence of G/D on metallicity. Finally, we discuss the implications of these findings for (a) gas mass measurements for sub-M* galaxies, and (b) efforts to identify the characteristic galaxy mass scale contributing most to the comoving molecular gas density at z = 2.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi enhance the drought resistance more significantly of the late‐successional psammophytes than that of the early ones

Improving drought tolerance of psammophytes is a challenge for vegetation restoration in arid lands. Despite extensive reports on the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on plant resistance, its enhancements of drought resistance for psammophytes from different successions stages have been rarely explored. Here, seedlings of the Artemisia wudanica (early succession), Hedysarum fruticosum (middle succession), and the Caragana korshinskii (late succession) were selected to investigate the effect of AMF on the growth of psammophytes in different successional stages. We found that the mycorrhizal colonization of late‐successional psammophytes with the AMF was greater than that of the early and mid‐successional psammophytes. The effect of AMF on drought resistance was stronger in late‐successional psammophytes and the promotion effect increased with the intensity of drought. The AMF reduced the difference between aboveground and belowground plant growth and promoted more belowground growth of psammophytes in the late‐successional stage. We concluded that AMF can enhance the drought resistance of psammophytes and has a more significant effect on the growth of plants from the late‐successional stage. This study highlighted the importance of AMF for psammophytes, providing a new approach to improving the growth of psammophytes under drought circumstances.
The Western Ghats, a biodiversity hotspot: the example of Chalcididae (Hymenoptera) with the description of a new species of Phasgonophora Westwood and a review of the regional species

ABSTRACT The Western Ghats, vernacularly known as the ‘Sahyadri’ mountain ranges, constitutes a 1600 km chain of hills spread across 189,611 km2 and reaching an average elevation of 900–1500 m above mean sea level along the south-western coast of India. Falling well within Meyer’s classification as one of the hottest hotspots, the Western Ghats is home to thousands of endemic flora and associated fauna. Here we validate the biodiversity hotspot status of the Ghats with examples of chalcidid wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae), describing with illustrations a new species of Phasgonophora Westwood (P. rubra Binoy, sp. nov.) from southern Western Ghats. The regional species of Phasgonophora are reviewed along with a phylogenetic analysis based on morphology, exploring the possible congruence of morphological data for the newly collected species. Additionally, diagnoses and illustrations are presented for an unnamed species of Megachalcis Cameron based on a male specimen from the southern Western Ghats. Megachalcis kannapuramensis Sureshan and Girish Kumar is redescribed with illustrations based on a female collected from Aaralam Wildlife Sanctuary, also within the Western Ghats. Distribution maps of Indian species of Phasgonophora Westwood and world species of Megachalcis Cameron are also provided. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1612501C-8FCA-4A57-A01C-BCC6325121A8
Effects of Invasive Plant Diversity on Soil Microbial Communities

Native plant communities can be invaded by different numbers of alien plant species or by the same number of alien plant species with different levels of evenness. However, little is known about how alien invasive plant species richness and evenness affect soil microbial communities. We constructed native herbaceous plant communities invaded by exotic plants with different richness (1, 2, 4 and 8 species) and evenness (high and low) and analyzed soil physico-chemical properties and the diversity and composition of soil fungal and bacterial communities by high-throughput Illumina sequencing. Overall, the species richness and evenness of invasive plants had no significant effect on bacterial and fungal alpha diversity (OTUs, Shannon, Simpson, Chao1 and ACE) or the soil physico-chemical properties. However, invasive species richness had a significant impact on the relative abundance of the most dominant fungi, Ascomycota and Bipolaris, and the dominant bacteria, Actinobacteriota, which increased with increasing invasive species richness. The relative abundance of the dominant microbial groups was significantly correlated with the relative abundance of some specific invasive plants in the community. This study sheds new light on the effects of plant co-invasion on soil microbial communities, which may help us understand the underlying mechanisms of multiple alien plant invasion processes from the perspective of soil microorganisms.
District-Wise Composite Indices, Development Indices Analysis and Regional Differences of Agricultural Development in Tamilnadu

Background To measure the extent of regional differences are in agricultural development of various districts in Tamil Nadu.Methodology: This study is entirely based on the secondary sources of data and it has brought into the analysis of two different periods of time in the year 2008-09 and 2017-18 with the help of Composite Indices (CI) and Development Indices (DI) analysis. In addition, the study areas have taken 31 out of 38 districts and the rest of the districts recently split into administrative purpose. Rest of Districts considered as outliers due to insufficient database.Result and Discussion: Extensive disproportion in the level of agricultural development has been observed in different districts. The northern and north-eastern part of the state was found to be highly developed whereas some of the western and southern districts of Tamilnadu were low developed. While compared with the results of the composite index of development in two benchmark years, the districts of Villupuram and The Nilgiris persistently have a high and least in the level of agricultural development respectively based on the selected indicators.Conclusion: This research paper has a efficient impact to measuring the degree of regional differences in the level of agricultural development and classifies districts of Tamil Nadu into three categories like High Level Developed Districts (HLDD), Middle Level Developed Districts (MLDD) and Low Level Developed Districts (LLDD) based on their agriculture composite indices of Tamilnadu. Additionally, the study is that it takes more districts than previous studies, virtually 82 percent of the districts in Tamil Nadu and it covers the most recent time.
Renal Fibrosis in Lupus Nephritis

Fibrosis can be defined as a pathological process in which deposition of connective tissue replaces normal parenchyma. The kidney, like any organ or tissue, can be impacted by this maladaptive reaction, resulting in persistent inflammation or long-lasting injury. While glomerular injury has traditionally been regarded as the primary focus for classification and prognosis of lupus nephritis (LN), increasing attention has been placed on interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy as markers of injury severity, predictors of therapeutic response, and prognostic factors of renal outcome in recent years. This review will discuss the fibrogenesis in LN and known mechanisms of renal fibrosis. The importance of the chronicity index, which was recently added to the histological categorization of LN, and its role in predicting treatment response and renal prognosis for patients with LN, will be explored. A better understanding of cellular and molecular pathways involved in fibrosis in LN could enable the identification of individuals at higher risk of progression to chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease, and the development of new therapeutic strategies for lupus patients.
Limits on stable iron in Type Ia supernovae from near-infrared spectroscopy

We obtained optical and near infrared spectra of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) at epochs ranging from 224 to 496 days after the explosion. The spectra show emission lines from forbidden transitions of singly ionised iron and cobalt atoms. We used non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) modelling of the first and second ionisation stages of iron, nickel, and cobalt to fit the spectra using a sampling algorithm allowing us to probe a broad parameter space. We derive velocity shifts, line widths, and abundance ratios for iron and cobalt. The measured line widths and velocity shifts of the singly ionised ions suggest a shared emitting region. Our data are fully compatible with radioactive 56Ni decay as the origin for cobalt and iron. We compare the measured abundance ratios of iron and cobalt to theoretical predictions of various SN Ia explosion models. These models include, in addition to 56Ni, different amounts of 57Ni and stable 54,56Fe. We can exclude models that produced only 54,56Fe or only 57Ni in addition to 56Ni. If we consider a model that has 56Ni, 57Ni, and 54,56Fe then our data imply that these ratios are 54,56Fe / 56Ni = 0.272 ± 0.086 and 57Ni / 56Ni = 0.032 ± 0.011.
Employee’ Innovative Work Behavior

The purpose of this study was to analyze the innovative work behavior of employees at Manado State University. Using qualitative research with the case study method. Key informants are assigned as section heads and subdivision heads. In-depth interviews and observation data collection techniques as well as focus group discussions. Data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model. The results showed that innovative work behavior did not appear to be evenly carried out by employees. Still limited to section heads and subsection heads. Innovative work behavior can contribute to job effectiveness. Most of the implementing staff have not shown innovative work behavior.
Identification of NRAS Diagnostic Biomarkers and Drug Targets for Endometrial Cancer—An Integrated in Silico Approach

The diagnosis of endometrial cancer involves sequential, invasive tests to assess the thickness of the endometrium by a transvaginal ultrasound scan. In 6–33% of cases, endometrial biopsy results in inadequate tissue for a conclusive pathological diagnosis and 6% of postmenopausal women with non-diagnostic specimens are later discovered to have severe endometrial lesions. Thus, identifying diagnostic biomarkers could offer a non-invasive diagnosis for community or home-based triage of symptomatic or asymptomatic women. Herein, this study identified high-risk pathogenic nsSNPs in the NRAS gene. The nsSNPs of NRAS were retrieved from the NCBI database. PROVEAN, SIFT, PolyPhen-2, SNPs&GO, PhD-SNP and PANTHER were used to predict the pathogenicity of the nsSNPs. Eleven nsSNPs were identified as “damaging”, and further stability analysis using I-Mutant 2.0 and MutPred 2 indicated eight nsSNPs to cause decreased stability (DDG scores < −0.5). Post-translational modification and protein–protein interactions (PPI) analysis showed putative phosphorylation sites. The PPI network indicated a GFR-MAPK signalling pathway with higher node degrees that were further evaluated for drug targets. The P34L, G12C and Y64D showed significantly lower binding affinity towards GTP than wild-type. Furthermore, the Kaplan–Meier bioinformatics analyses indicated that the NRAS gene deregulation affected the overall survival rate of patients with endometrial cancer, leading to prognostic significance. Findings from this could be considered novel diagnostic and therapeutic markers.
Impact of the Recorded Audio and Video Feedback on Simulated Surgical Performance: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Introduction: Simulation and coaching have become increasingly important in laparoscopic skills acquisition. This study was designed to evaluate if access to the recorded audio and video feedback after a single proctored session improves the acquisition of laparoscopic suturing skills in obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) residents. Methods: Twenty OB/GYN residents received a single face-to-face coaching session on a laparoscopic vaginal cuff closure model. The session was recorded and residents were randomized to access either the video-only or the audio and video recording of the proctored session. The primary outcome measure was comparison of Global Operative Assessment of Laparoscopic Skills plus Vaginal Cuff Metrics (GOALS+) scores of the vaginal cuff closure prior to and following the proctored session. Results: Only 30% of residents accessed the recorded sessions with junior residents most likely to access the recording. Baseline GOALS+ scores were significantly higher in senior residents (mean 21.7, SD 3.9) as compared to junior residents (mean 14.7, SD 3.2) (p<.001). While all learners' GOALS+ scores significantly improved after proctoring the intervention (p<.001), the senior residents continued to have significantly higher GOALS+ scores at the final assessment (mean 28.3, SD 4.2, p=.01) when compared to their junior residents (mean 24.0, SD 3.1). Conclusion: Due to the low uptake of the review of recorded proctored sessions among OB/GYN residents across skill and year levels, we were unable to assess the effect of recorded audio and video feedback on resident performance. However, the intervention of a single proctored session of simulated laparoscopic vaginal cuff closure significantly improved resident performance as assessed with GOALS+ scores.
Structural Monitoring with Fiber Optic Technology

Introduction Need for Integrated Structural Monitoring Introduction to Lightwaves Light Sources and Detectors Fiber Optic Technology Fiber Optic Structural Sensors and Their Merits Fiber Optic Strain and Temperature Sensitivity Sensor Installation and Material Integration Issues Short Gauge Sensor and Applications Long Gauge-Length Fiber Optic Sensing Multiplexed Fiber Optic Structural Sensing Distributed Strain and Temperature Sensing Future Prospects and Summary References Index
DUST IN 3C 324

The results of a deep submillimetre observation using SCUBA of the powerful radio galaxy 3C324,at redshiftz ¼ 1:206,are presented.At850mm, emission fromthe location of the host radio galaxy is marginally detected at the 4.2j level, 3:01 6 0:72mJy, butthere is no detection of emission at 450 m mt oa3 jlimit of 21mJy. A new 32-GHz radio observation using the Effelsberg 100-m telescope confirms that the submillimetre signal is not associated with synchrotron emission. These observations indicate that both the mass of warm dust within 3C 324 and the star formation rate lie up to an order of magnitude below the values recently determined for radio galaxies at z , 3–4. The results are compared with dust masses and star formation rates derived in other ways for 3C 324.
Extending the first-order post-Newtonian scheme in multiple systems to the second-order contributions to light propagation

In this paper, we extend the ﬁrst-order post-Newtonian scheme in multiple systems presented by Damour-Soﬀel-Xu to the second-order contribution to light propagation without changing the virtue of the scheme on the linear partial diﬀerential equations of the potential and vector potential. The spatial components of the metric are extended to second order level both in a global coordinates ( q ij /c 4 ) and a local coordinates ( Q ab /c 4 ). The equations of q ij (or Q ab ) are obtained from the ﬁeld equations. The relationship between q ij and Q ab are presented in this paper also. In special case of the solar system (isotropic condition is applied ( q ij = δ ij q )), we obtain the solution of q . Finally, a further extension of the second-order contributions in the parametrized post-Newtonian formalism is discussed.
Dependence of the singlet oxygen photosensitization efficiency on morphology of porous silicon

We investigate the effect of oxygen molecule adsorption on the photoluminescence of porous silicon films of different porosity. The experimental results are explained by the photosensitization of singlet oxygen generation due to the energy transfer from excitons confined in Si nanocrystals to O2 molecules adsorbed on the Si nanocrystal surface. The energy transfer time and photosensitization efficiency are found to depend on porosity of the samples. The singlet oxygen generation efficiency increases strongly for porous silicon with high (>80%) porosity. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A high signal-to-noise HST spectrum towards J1009+0713: precise absorption measurements in the CGM of two galaxies

High signal-to-noise spectra towards background quasars are crucial for uncovering weak absorption in the circumgalactic medium (CGM) of intervening galaxies, such as the diagnostic lines of N v that provide insight to the ionization process of warm gas but typically have low equivalent widths. We present a new spectrum from the Hubble Space Telescope with a signal-to-noise ratio of ∼20–35 towards the quasar SDSS J1009+0713 and analyse absorption systems in the CGM of two L⋆ galaxies close to the line of sight. We identify additional absorption in the CGM of these galaxies that was not reported by the previous lower signal-to-noise spectrum, as well as Milky Way absorbers and quasar outflows from J1009+0713. We measure log (NN v/NO vi) ∼ −1.1 for two CGM absorbers, inconsistent with gas in collisional ionization equilibrium and consistent with a radiatively cooling bulk flow of ∼50–150 km s−1, which could be produced by galactic winds. These column density ratios are also consistent with those found for other L⋆ galaxies and for some gas in the Milky Way’s halo. We place upper limits of log (NN v/NO vi) < −1.8 to −1.2 for other O vi absorbers in the same haloes, which suggests that O vi is produced by different processes in different parts of the CGM, even within the same galactic halo. Together with the kinematically different structure of high- and low-ionization lines, these results indicate there are many components to a single galaxy’s gaseous halo. We find the redshift number density of Ly α forest absorbers and broad Ly α absorbers are consistent with expectations at this redshift.
High spontaneous emission rate asymmetrically graded 480 nm InGaN/GaN quantum well light-emitting diodes

Spontaneous emission property of an asymmetrically graded 480 nm InGaN/GaN quantum well (QW) is investigated via k⋅p theory. Comparing to rectangular QW, band profiles of the graded QW change into parabolalike due to the variation of internal piezoelectric field along the growth direction, and the spontaneous emission rates of the graded QW are three times larger than rectangular case under various carrier densities. This can be attributed to the fact that the graded QW has much larger matrix element (Me)nmσ(kt) than rectangular QW considering that the wave function overlap of the graded QW is less affected by the quantum confined Stark effect.
The effect of job satisfaction, transformational leadership and interpersonal communication on organizational citizenship behavior

The purpose of this study was to determine the direct effect of Job Satisfaction on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) and the indirect effect of Job Satisfaction on OCB through the mediation of Transformational Leadership and Interpersonal Communication. Job Satisfaction as the independent variable, the variables of Transformational Leadership and Job Satisfaction as the mediating variable, and OCB as the dependent variable. The research sample involved was from 266 teachers who were selected by proportional random sampling from 20 junior high schools in the city of Bogor, West Java. This research uses Path analysis technique with PLS-SEM Program. This research concludes that: (1) Job Satisfaction has a significant positive direct effect on OCB ( = 0.358 p < 0.01), (2) Job Satisfaction has a significant positive effect on Transformational Leadership ( = 0.755 p < 0.01), (3) Job Satisfaction has a significant positive effect on Interpersonal Communication ( = 0.941 p < 0.01), (4) Transformational Leadership has a significant positive effect on OCB ( = 0.185 p < 0.05), (5) Interpersonal Communication has a significant positive effect on OCB ( = 0.337 p < 0.01), (6) Job satisfaction has a significant positive effect on OCB through the mediation of Transformational Leadership ( = 0.140 p < 0.05), (7) Job Satisfaction has a significant positive effect on OCB through the mediation of Interpersonal Communication ( = 0.317 p < 0.01). Based on the conclusions of the research results above, the strengthening of OCB can be carried out directly through increasing job satisfaction and can be done indirectly through increasing job satisfaction through the mediation of interpersonal communication.
Cosmological-Constant Cold Dark Matter Models and the COBE Two-Year Sky maps

We compare the two-year COBE DMR sky maps with the predictions of cosmological-constant cold dark matter models. Using a Bayesian analysis, we find that the most likely value of the cosmological constant in such a model is Lambda = 0. The data set an upper limit on Lambda of 0.78 (0.85) at 90% confidence, and 0.86 (0.92) at 95% confidence with (without) the quadrupole anisotropy.