Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring the applications of connected vehicle data to real time safety optimization at isolated intersections

iii Lay Summary . iv Preface. v List of Tables . ix List of Figures . x Acknowledgments. xi Dedication . xii Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 1.1 Challenges.1 1.2 Motivation.4 1.2.1 Intersection Safety . 4 1.2.2 Traffic Conflict Estimation Techniques . 5 1.2.3 Projected State of Technological Advancement . 5 1.2.4 Connected Vehicle Applications . 6 1.3 Problem Statement . 7 1.3. 1 Problem One: Real-Time Trajectory Optimization Using Reinforcement Learning to Improve Intersection Safety at Isolated Intersections . 7 1.3. 2 Problem Two: Incorporating Adaptive Traffic Signal Control using Connected Vehicle Data . 9 1.4 Contributions . 10 1.4. 1 Real-Time Single-Agent Reinforcement Learning Based Trajectory Optimization Algorithm for Isolated Intersections . 10 1.4. 2 Real-Time Signal-Vehicle Coupled Control Algorithm . 11 1.5 Thesis Structure . 11 Chapter 2: Literature Review . 12 2.1 Traffic Information Extraction . 12 2.2 Real-Time Safety Evaluation . 13 2.3 Platoon Behavior . 14 2.4 Previous Vehicle Trajectory Optimization Algorithms . 15 2.4. 1 Variable Speed Limits . 15
Die letzten Schritte der alternativen Häm-Biosynthese in Archaea: Charakterisierung der Proteine AhbA, AhbB, AhbC und des Radical SAM Enzyms AhbD aus Methanosarcina barkeri

Das zyklische Tetrapyrrol Ham ist fur nahezu alle Lebewesen essentiell. In Eukaryoten wird Ham uber einen Syntheseweg generiert, der seit langerem charakterisiert ist. In Sulfat-reduzierenden Bakterien sowie allen Ham produzierenden Archaea wurde ein alternativer Ham-Biosyntheseweg entdeckt. Dieser fuhrt uber die Intermediate Precorrin-2, Sirohydrochlorin, Siroham (SH), 12,18-Didecarboxysiroham (DDSH) und Fe Coproporphyrin III (Fe-Copro III). In dieser Arbeit wurden die alternativen Ham-Biosyntheseproteine AhbAB, AhbC und AhbD aus dem methanogenen Archeon Methanosarcina barkeri funktionell charakterisiert. Durch in-vivo-Enzymtests konnte gezeigt werden, dass AhbA und AhbB (Mbar_A1459 und Mbar_A1460) SH zu DDSH umsetzen. AhbAB liegt als heterodimerer Komplex vor, der das Endprodukt Ham bindet und konnte daher an einem regulatorischen feedback-Inhibitionsmechanismus beteiligt sein. Ebenfalls wurde in vivo gezeigt, dass AhbC (Mbar_A1793) Fe-Copro III generiert. Rekombinant produziertes AhbD (Mbar_1458) aus M. barkeri wurde erfolgreich gereinigt und bindet zwei [4Fe 4S]-Cluster. Eine Umsetzung von Fe-Copro III zu Ham durch AhbD wurde in in vitro-Enzymtests erfolgreich nachgewiesen. Da es zu den Radical SAM (RS) Enzymen gehort, startet seine Katalyse durch Spaltung von S Adenosylmethionin (SAM) an einem der beiden [4Fe 4S]-Cluster zu einem 5‘-Deoxyadenosyl-Radikal. Durch Generierung von AhbD-Varianten, bei denen entweder die N-terminale bzw. die C-terminale Clusterbindung aufgehoben wurde, konnte durch SAM-Spaltungstests das N terminale Cluster in Anwesenheit von Fe-Copro III als RS-Cluster identifiziert werden. Das zusatzliche C terminale Cluster des AhbD konnte durch ESR- und CV-Messungen ebenfalls als redoxaktives Cluster identifiziert werden, was eine Rolle dieses Clusters fur den Elektronentransfer bei einem spateren Reaktionsschritt wahrscheinlich macht. Substratbindungstests sowie Enzymtests mit Substratanaloga zeigten, dass keines der Cluster fur die Substratbindung essentiell ist, jedoch das zentrale Metallatom des Substrates fur die vollstandige Bildung des Produkts von Bedeutung ist. Weiterhin wurde das AhbD-Homolog aus Metallosphaera sedula (Msed_0512) erfolgreich gereinigt und kristallisiert, wobei erste hexagonale kristalline Strukturen beobachtet wurden.
Interactive comment on “Satellite altimetry detection of ice shelf-influenced fast ice” by Gemma M. Brett et al

General Comments. The paper examines the ability of CryoSAT 2 to detect the existence of a sub-ice platelet layer found under McMurdo Sound fast ice and previously determined to result from the upwelling of supercooled Ice Shelf Water. The study provided good comparisons with the freeboard rise from satellite altimetry with a detailed ground truth campaign conducted over four years of measured sea ice freeboard, snow depth, sea ice thickness and sub-ice platelet layer thickness distributions. Proof of the utility of satellite altimetry to effectively determine the distribution of these sub-ice platelet layers even in a selected region like McMurdo Sound is worthy of publication given that the lack of ground truth in other sea ice studies is a continuous impediment to progress in maximizing the potential of satellite remote sensing to effective monitoring of sea ice processes from space. There are some needed revisions to fully realize
Peripheral Neutrophil- Lymphocyte Ratio as a Predictor of Seizure in Preterm Infants with Intra-Ventricular Hemorrhage

Background: Preterm infants with Intra-Ventricular Hemorrhage (IVH) are at risk for developing significant complications, including post hemorrhagic hydrocephalus and seizures. Neonatal seizures are the most common overt manifestation of neurological dysfunction in the newborn, and is associated with short- and long-term adverse effects. Objective: The aim of the study is to evaluate the value of Peripheral Neutrophil- lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a predictor of seizure in preterm infants with intra-ventricular hemorrhage. Methods: This prospective cohort study that comprised 60 Preterm infants with IVH admitted at NICU pediatric department Tanta university hospital from November 2019 to May 2020, Preterm infants were divided into two groups according to incidence of seizure. Preterm infants in this study subjected to Careful history taking, clinical examination and investigations (laboratory and Trans-cranial ultrasound) as well as analysis of result and follow up clinical status for development of seizure. Results: There was a statistically highly significant difference regarding NLR and development of seizure with p value <0.001 (NLR ≥ 2.3 with sensitivity 96%, specificity 93%, Area under the curve 0.849 and accuracy 84.9%). Conclusion: NLR is a predictor of seizure in preterm infants with intra-ventricular hemorrhage.
The Game of the Name Malware Naming, Shape Shifters and Sympathetic Magic

Once upon a time, one infection by specific malware looked much like another infection, to an antivirus scanner if not to the naked eye. Even back then, virus naming wasn't very consistent between vendors, but at least virus encyclopaedias and third-party resources like vgrep made it generally straightforward to map one vendor's name for a virus to another vendor's name for the same malware. In 2009, though, the threat landscape looks very different. Viruses and other replicative malware, while far from extinct, pose a comparatively manageable problem compared to other threats with the single common characteristic of malicious intent. Proof-of-Concept code with sophisticated self-replicating mechanisms is of less interest to today's malware authors than shape-shifting Trojans that change their appearance frequently to evade detection and are intended to make money for criminals rather than getting adolescent admiration and bragging rights.
Constructing the Phrase Dictionary and Visualizing Consumer Behaviors in the Food Industry Based on Online Reviews during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic affects food industrylargely. In this study, the data of online reviewsare collected from dianping.com during the outbreak and stable period of the COVID-19 pandemic in China, and the rules in combination with the statistical methods are adopted to train the dictionary ofrestaurant phrases.After the K-means algorithm is adopted to cluster the phrases in the dictionary, and the cluster class tags are defined, the co-occurrence analysis and the wordcloud analysis are conducted on the reviews. As indicated from the results, consumers pay attention to the three basic elements (i.e., services, environments and tastes), as well as to the social distance between people; Consumers who are more concerned about the pandemic situation raise higher requirements on environmental health issues than ordinary consumers, and place stress on the acquisition of security. As revealed from the mentioned results, restaurants should primarily take measures to maintain safe social distance between people and raise more rigorous environmental hygiene requirements on the environment. This method is served as a reference for the further online reviews analysis and provides implications for the management of the restaurants in COVID-19 pandemic period.
First Record of Cardiocondyla obscurior Wheeler, 1929 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae) for Pakistan

Ants of the genus Cardiocondyla are considered omnivorous in nature. This genus is native to Afrotropical, Australasia, Indomalaya, Malagasy, Oceania, and Palearctic regions. A total of 72 valid species and 2 valid subspecies has been described worldwide. However, little is known about these ants in Pakistan. As a result of a survey of different sites in the Gatwala park of district Faisalabad during 2018, we collected individuals of the genus Cardiocondyla. Collected specimens were identified using the most recent and available literature. Prior to current work, only two species of this genus were reported for Pakistan. In this study we added the first record of Cardiocondyla obscurior for Pakistan, followed by a brief description, distribution, and identification key.
Gender Discrimination in Accessing Finance by Women-Owned Gender Discrimination in Accessing Finance by Women-Owned Businesses: A Review Businesses: A Review

This article comprehensively presents evidence of shared gender economics in accessing credit for women-owned ventures. The ‘she’ based approach has faced financial-market differentiations when it comes to women’s access to finance. By reviewing and analysing approximately 125 articles, the researchers try to seek an overview of the degree of influenced financial availability to women-owned businesses, proclivity covers existing, and relevant studies based on pragmatism of gender bigotry, deep-rooted gender biases, and differences in cost and conditions observed by women-owned enterprises in accessing credit, which is an essential driver for businesses’ success. The vital detection of this research unveils that while women-owned firms face certain constraints like their men counterparts, there are many challenges that women solely face because of their gender. Risk aversion of banks, lack of financial services, lack of collateral, and low accessibility to finance are some of the specific constraints faced by women-owned businesses. Our results imply that women-owned firms have more often been credit worthy than the men-owned firms in terms of financial penetrability and debarment from the financial markets. Our main findings are focused on evaluating the gender-subordination approach adopted by the financial service providers to women-led businesses in their quest for financing.
In situ formation of zinc oxide on bamboo bleached pulp in preparation of antibacterial paper: Effect of precursors addition

An approach of green in situ synthesis single-step method was applied to produce antibacterial paper. The objective was to investigate the effect of precursor addition on the formation of zinc oxide particles using an in situ single-step method. Zinc chloride concentrations of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 M were prepared and added into a solution of algae extract and bamboo pulp. The prepared pulps were tested and made into handsheets using a papermaking machine based on TAPPI T205 (2006). Morphological observation of treated papers was conducted using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). An average of 400 to 570 nm zinc oxide spherical-shaped particle was observed on the fibers of paper. The percentage of element composition of the treated paper were 15.08% to 34.08% of zinc and 17.45% to 32.59% of oxygen captured via scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) analysis. The crystallinity test was performed using X-ray dispersion (XRD). A higher percentage of precursors exhibited a more amorphous structure. A measurement of more than 30% increment of inhibition zone was obtained from 10.00 to 25.00 mm against S. aureus, S. choleraesuis, and E. coli. Precursors addition of more than 0.3 M would have the most potential to enhance the growth of zinc oxide via in situ preparation, hence providing better antibacterial properties of the prepared papers.
Stakeholders within the framework of Corporate Social Responsibility: A systematic review

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) represents the ethical corporate behavior in relation to stakeholders to respond to their needs and expectations; however, it has been suggested that involving stakeholders in corporate management reduces the profit maximization and leads to losses. Thus, this paper intends to analyze theoretical and conceptual trends on stakeholders and CSR between 2012 and 2016 to contextualize their origin, characteristics, and perspectives. The systematic review methodology was followed, which stems from bibliometric analysis to identify patterns related with literature, impact studies, and theoretical-conceptual evolution. The results show that organizations must find a balance between their interests in profit and socially responsible practices through sustainable processes from the social, economic, and environmental perspectives.
Analytical study on Fungal Cellulase Produced by Penicillium Expansum grown on Malus Domestica (Apple Fruits)

The rise in world industrialization and the cost of importing enzyme by local industries have led to arise in the search for novel and native enzyme producing microorganisms. Cellulase is an enzyme that catalyzes the breaking down of carbon chains in cellulose and hemicellulose, this research therefore aimed at studying fungal cellulase produced by Penicillium expansum grown on malus domestica (apple fruits). Fresh apple fruit was allowed to deteriorate under laboratory condition until there was visible mould growth. The mould with desired features of the organism of interest was subcultured by direct plating on PDA plates to which 10 % streptomycin has been added to prevent bacterial contaminants. The plates were incubated at 28±2 0C for 7 days until a visible mass of blue mycelia appear. The isolate was further subcultured onto freshly prepared media until pure culture was obtained. Characterization and identification of isolate were done using macroscopy and microscopy techniques. The isolate was re-inoculated into healthy apple fruits and the fruits were incubated at temperature of 28±2 oC for 8 days. Cellulolytic activity was examined every day throughout the incubation period. Crude enzyme was extracted each day using standard methods. Carboxyl methyl cellulose was used as standard for the crude cellulase activity assay after extraction from the infected apple fruits using Dinitrosalicylic acid (DNSA). Culture parameters like pH and temperature were also optimized to determine their effect on cellulolytic activity of the fungus. Cellulase activity was defined as the amount of glucose produced in μmol/mg/min under the assay condition. The highest cellulase activity of 86.84±0.52 μmol/mg/min was observed on day 6 of incubation at 28±2 oC and at pH 7. In conclusion, it is evident from this research that P. expansum isolated could be used as potential novel organism for industrial production of cellulase under optimized fermentation conditions.
Adhesiveless bonding of wood – A review with a focus on wood welding

Most industrially used synthetic wood adhesives release formaldehyde, which is carcinogenic for humans. Adhesiveless bonding of wood can be achieved using heat treatment by either hot-pressing method, suitable mainly for wood particles and fibres or by wood welding. Welding of wood, which relies on the heat generated via friction, can be used for bonding two or more solid wood pieces together. The process can be carried out either by linear or rotational wood welding. This review first considers the manufacturing of binderless wood-based panels by hot-pressing. Then this is followed by an in-depth outlook of wood welding and its application in the wood industry. The effects of varying wood welding parameters, such as applied pressure, vibrational frequency and amplitude, holding pressure, holding time, welding time in linear wood welding, and relative diameter difference between the substrate and the dowel in rotational wood welding to obtain joints with optimal mechanical and physical properties is reviewed and discussed. Wood products made by heat treatment (hot-pressing and wood welding) are environmentally friendly, and the brief curing times needed for their manufacture represent a great advantage compared with the usage of wood adhesives to bind pieces of wood.
Fault Diagnosis in Rotor Blades using ML and IOT

Condition monitoring of machines is gaining importance in industry because of the need to increase reliability and to decrease possible loss of production due to machine breakdown. The use of vibration and acoustic emission (AE) signals is quite common in the field of condition monitoring of rotating machinery. By comparing the signals of a machine running in normal and faulty conditions, detection of faults like mass unbalance, rotor rub, shaft misalignment, gear failures and bearing defects is possible. These signals can also be used to detect the incipient failures of the machine components, through the on-line monitoring system, reducing the possibility of catastrophic damage and the machine down time. A study is presented to compare the performance of rotor fault detection using two different classifiers, namely, artificial neural networks (ANNs) and support vector machines (SMVs). The RPM, current, voltage and lift force of a rotating machine with normal and defective rotor are processed for feature extraction. The extracted features from preprocessed signals are used as inputs to the classifiers for two-class (normal or fault) recognition. Further, this pretrained model is deployed on a cloud platform to carry out predictions over the cloud. This gives mobility to the system which allows us to monitor condition from anywhere. With the help of HTML, an interface is set up so user can interact with the instance. The web-based interface lets user enter values of required feature and outputs the condition of the rotor blade.
Review on Sentiment Analysis of Twitter Data

— Millions of users share their opinions on different aspects of life everyday. Sentiment Analysis is a process of identifying opinions in large unstructured/structured data and analyzing polarity of those opinions. Microblogging website such as twitter is rich source for sentiment analysis. Sentiment analysis over Twitter offers organizations a fast and effective way to monitor the publics' feelings towards their brand, business, directors, etc. In this paper we focused on different approaches used for sentiment analysis of twitter data.
MULTI-OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION OF SNAKE ROBOT IN SERPENTINE LOCOMOTION

This paper presents multi-objective optimization for a snake robot with serpentine locomotion. Genetic algorithm (GA) is used to achieve two objectives: minimizing the total travelling time and minimizing the total energy consumption. The effect of initial values of winding angle and acceleration on energy consumption and average speed is depicted. The simulation results show a periodic pattern of the joint torques when the robot maintains a serpenoid curve during travel. Moreover, a Pareto-optimal front was generated for optimal solutions of both of the objectives, while the weighted sum method was used for selecting the best solution. Finally, the simulation results were verified experimentally on an eight-link snake robot considering the limitations of the servomotors used in the experiment. The experimental results with the winding angle of 30° was found as the optimum winding angle that can achieve both objectives of minimizing the energy consumption and the travelling time. ABSTRAK: Kajian ini berkenaan pelbagai-objektif optimum bagi robot ular dengan gerakan serpentin. Algoritma genetik (GA) diguna bagi mencapai dua objektif ini iaitu mengurangkan jumlah masa gerakan dan guna tenaga. Gambaran kesan awal nilai sudut belitan dan pecutan pada guna tenaga dan purata kelajuan dihasilkan. Dapatan simulasi menunjukkan corak berkala tork sendi yang tetap terhasil semasa robot ini berkeadaan lengkung serpenoid ketika bergerak. Tambahan, Pareto-optimal berdepan terhasil bagi solusi optimum pada kedua-dua objektif, sementara kaedah berat campuran digunakan bagi menentukan solusi terbaik. Akhirnya, dapatan simulasi disahkan secara eksperimen pada robot ular lapan-bahagian dengan menimbangkan kekurangan servomotor yang digunakan dalam eksperimen. Dapatan eksperimen menunjukkan sudut belitan 30° adalah sudut belitan optimum bagi kedua-dua objektif iaitu mengurangkan tenaga dan masa gerakan.
De-identification is Insufficient to Protect Student Privacy, or - What Can a Field Trip Reveal?

Learning analytics have the potential to improve teaching and learning in K–12 education, but as student data is increasingly being collected and transferred for the purpose of analysis, it is important to take measures that will protect student privacy. A common approach to achieve this goal is the de-identification of the data, meaning the removal of personal details that can reveal student identity. However, as we demonstrate, de-identification alone is not a complete solution. We show how we can discover sensitive information about students by linking de-identified datasets with publicly available school data, using unsupervised machine learning techniques. This underlines that de-identification alone is insufficient if we wish to further learning analytics in K–12 without compromising student privacy.
Soft and Hard Iron Compensation for the Compasses of an Operational Towed Hydrophone Array without Sensor Motion by a Helmholtz Coil

Usually, towed hydrophone arrays are instrumented with a set of compasses. Data from these sensors are utilized while beamforming the acoustic signal for target bearing estimation. However, elements of the hydrophone array mounted in the neighborhood of a compass can affect the Earth’s magnetic field detection. The effects depend upon the materials and magnetic environment present in the vicinity of the platform hosting the compass. If the disturbances are constant in time, they can be compensated for by means of a magnetic calibration procedure. This process is commonly known as soft and hard iron compensation. In this paper, a solution is presented for carrying out the magnetic calibration of a COTS (Commercial Off the Shelf) digital compass without sensor motion. This approach is particularly suited in applications where a physical rotation of the platform that hosts the sensor is unfeasible. In our case, the platform consists in an assembled and operational towed hydrophone array. A standard calibration process relies on physical rotation of the platform and thus on the use of the geomagnetic field as a reference during the compensation. As a variation on this approach, we generate an artificial reference magnetic field to simulate the impractical physical rotation. We obtain this by using a tri-axial Helmholtz coil, which enables programmability of the reference magnetic field and assures the required field uniformity. In our work, the simulated geomagnetic field is characterized in terms of its uncertainty. The analysis indicates that our method and experimental set-up represent a suitably accurate approach for the soft and hard iron compensation of the compasses equipped in the hydrophone array under test.