Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MIXING IN MAGNETIZED TURBULENT MEDIA

Turbulent motions are essential to the mixing of entrained fluids and are also capable of amplifying weak initial magnetic fields by small-scale dynamo action. Here we perform a systematic study of turbulent mixing in magnetized media, using three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations that include a scalar concentration field. We focus on how mixing depends on the magnetic Prandtl number, Pm, from 1 to 4 and the Mach number, from 0.3 to 2.4. For all subsonic flows, we find that the velocity power spectrum has a k−5/3 slope in the early kinematic phase, but steepens due to magnetic back reactions as the field saturates. The scalar power spectrum, on the other hand, flattens compared to k−5/3 at late times, consistent with the Obukohov–Corrsin picture of mixing as a cascade process. At higher Mach numbers, the velocity power spectrum also steepens due to the presence of shocks, and the scalar power spectrum again flattens accordingly. Scalar structures are more intermittent than velocity structures in subsonic turbulence, whereas for supersonic turbulence, velocity structures appear more intermittent than the scalars only in the kinematic phase. Independent of the Mach number of the flow, scalar structures are arranged in sheets in both the kinematic and saturated phases of the magnetic field evolution. For subsonic turbulence, scalar dissipation is hindered in the strong magnetic field regions, probably due to Lorentz forces suppressing the buildup of scalar gradients, whereas for supersonic turbulence, scalar dissipation increases monotonically with increasing magnetic field strength. At all Mach numbers, mixing is significantly slowed by the presence of dynamically important small-scale magnetic fields, implying that mixing in the interstellar medium and in galaxy clusters is less efficient than modeled in hydrodynamic simulations.
A novel approach to derive halo-independent limits on dark matter properties

We propose a method that allows to place an upper limit on the dark matter elastic scattering cross section with nucleons which is independent of the velocity distribution. Our approach combines null results from direct detection experiments with indirect searches at neutrino telescopes, and goes beyond previous attempts to remove astrophysical uncertainties in that it directly constrains the particle physics properties of the dark matter. The resulting halo-independent upper limits on the scattering cross section of dark matter are remarkably strong and reach σSIp ≲ 10−43 (10−42) cm2 and σSDp ≲ 10−37 (3× 10−37) cm2, for dark matter particles of mDM ∼ 1 TeV annihilating into W+W− (bb̄), assuming ρloc=0.3 GeV/cm3.
Achieving Quality Integrated Care for Adolescent Depression: A Scoping Review

Introduction: While primary care is often the first point of contact for adolescents with depression, more than half of depressed adolescents are either untreated or undertreated. A scoping review had been completed to summarize approaches for achieving quality integrated care in primary care focused on adolescent depression. Methods: The scoping review followed the methodological framework for scoping studies from Arksey and O’Malley. Articles were grouped into themes and mapped to 6 quality domains for integrated care from the practice integration profile survey and 3 levels of stakeholders based on WHO’s definition for health systems (patient/family, primary care team, and national/sub-national health system). Results: A total of 868 records were screened resulting in 22 articles at the patient/family-level (5/22), the primary care team-level (18/22), and the national/sub-national health system-level (16/22). The results highlighted multilevel approaches to support the delivery of quality integrated care for adolescent depression in primary care: (1) population-focused using patient registries, routine screening based on standardized algorithms, and patient-centered strategies, (2) team-driven where primary care clinicians collaborate with mental health clinicians as part of a primary care team, (3) evidence-based delivery of mental health services across the integrated care pathway from screening to follow-up visits, and (4) measurement-guided by leveraging the electronic health record infrastructure to learn from patient outcomes. Conclusion: More research is needed on how to provide quality integrated care for adolescent depression, specifically on patient engagement and retention, grounded in the frontline experiences of patients, families, and clinicians and supported by national and/or sub-national guidelines. A learning system could help integrate mental health services in primary care in a way that is consistent across the national and/or sub-national health system.
The distinguishing number of groups based on the distinguishing number of subgroups

Abstract The distinguishing number D(G) of a graph G is the least integer d such that G has a vertex labeling with d labels that is preserved only by a trivial automorphism. Let Γ be a group acting on a set X. The distinguishing number for this action of Γ on X, denoted by D Γ (X), is the smallest natural number k such that the elements of X can be labeled with k labels so that any label-preserving element of Γ fixes all x ϵ X. In particular, if the action is faithful, then the only element of Γ preserving labels is the identity. In this paper, we obtain an upper bound on the distinguishing number of a set knowing the distinguishing number of a set under the action of a subgroup. By the concept of motion, we obtain an upper bound for the distinguishing number of a group. Also we study D Γ, H (X) which is the smallest number of labels admitting a labeling of X such that the only elements of Γ that induce label-preserving permutations lie in H.
Markov chains with heavy-tailed increments and asymptotically zero drift

We study the recurrence/transience phase transition for Markov chains on $\mathbb{R}_+$, $\mathbb{R}$, and $\mathbb{R}^2$ whose increments have heavy tails with exponent in $(1,2)$ and asymptotically zero mean. This is the infinite-variance analogue of the classical Lamperti problem. On $\mathbb{R}_+$, for example, we show that if the tail of the positive increments is about $c y^{-\alpha}$ for an exponent $\alpha \in (1,2)$ and if the drift at $x$ is about $b x^{-\gamma}$, then the critical regime has $\gamma = \alpha -1$ and recurrence/transience is determined by the sign of $b + c\pi \textrm{cosec} (\pi \alpha)$. On $\mathbb{R}$ we classify whether transience is directional or oscillatory, and extend an example of Rogozin \& Foss to a class of transient martingales which oscillate between $\pm \infty$. In addition to our recurrence/transience results, we also give sharp results on the existence/non-existence of moments of passage times.
On deformations of A∞-algebras

A simple method for constructing deformations of -algebras is proposed. It combines the standard resolution technique with a ‘master equation’ approach. As an illustration we consider algebras of polynomials on quantum superspaces. Specifically, by introducing suitable resolutions, we construct explicit deformations of these algebras in the category of minimal -algebras. The application of these deformations to higher spin gravities is briefly discussed.
Trauma‐informed patient and public‐engaged research: Development and evaluation of an online training programme

As patients, members of the public, and professional stakeholders engage in co‐producing health‐related research, an important issue to consider is trauma. Trauma is very common and associated with a wide range of physical and behavioural health conditions. Thus, it may benefit research partnerships to consider its impact on their stakeholders as well as its relevance to the health condition under study. The aims of this article are to describe the development and evaluation of a training programme that applied principles of trauma‐informed care (TIC) to patient‐ and public‐engaged research.
MAPPING DIRECTLY IMAGED GIANT EXOPLANETS

With the increasing number of directly imaged giant exoplanets, the current atmosphere models are often not capable of fully explaining the spectra and luminosity of the sources. A particularly challenging component of the atmosphere models is the formation and properties of condensate cloud layers, which fundamentally impact the energetics, opacity, and evolution of the planets. Here we present a suite of techniques that can be used to estimate the level of rotational modulations these planets may show. We propose that the time-resolved observations of such periodic photometric and spectroscopic variations of extrasolar planets due to their rotation can be used as a powerful tool to probe the heterogeneity of their optical surfaces. In this paper, we develop simulations to explore the capabilities of current and next-generation ground- and space-based instruments for this technique. We address and discuss the following questions: (1) what planet properties can be deduced from the light curve and/or spectra, and in particular can we determine rotation periods, spot coverage, spot colors, and spot spectra? ; (2) what is the optimal configuration of instrument/wavelength/temporal sampling required for these measurements? ; and (3) can principal component analysis be used to invert the light curve and deduce the surface map of the planet? Our simulations describe the expected spectral differences between homogeneous (clear or cloudy) and patchy atmospheres, outline the significance of the dominant absorption features of H2O, CH4, and CO, and provide a method to distinguish these two types of atmospheres. Assuming surfaces with and without clouds for most currently imaged planets the current models predict the largest variations in the J band. Simulated photometry from current and future instruments is used to estimate the level of detectable photometric variations. We conclude that future instruments will be able to recover not only the rotation periods, cloud cover, cloud colors, and spectra but even cloud evolution. We also show that a longitudinal map of the planet's atmosphere can be deduced from its disk-integrated light curves.
Coherent control of the cooperative branching ratio for nuclear x-ray pumping

Coherent control of nuclear pumping in a three-level system driven by x-ray light is investigated. In single nuclei the pumping performance is determined by the branching ratio of the excited state populated by the x-ray pulse. Our results are based on the observation that in ensembles of nuclei, cooperative excitation and decay leads to a greatly modified nuclear dynamics which we characterize by a time-dependent cooperative branching ratio. We discuss prospects of steering the x-ray pumping by coherently controlling the cooperative decay. First, we study an ideal case with purely superradiant decay and perfect control of the cooperative emission. A numerical analysis of x-ray pumping in nuclear forward scattering with coherent control of the cooperative decay via externally applied magnetic fields is presented. Next, we provide an extended survey of nuclei suitable for our scheme, and propose proof-of-principle implementations already possible with typical M\"ossbauer nuclei such as $^{57}\mathrm{Fe}$. Finally, we discuss the application of such control techniques to the population or depletion of long-lived nuclear states.
Automatic sequences are orthogonal to aperiodic multiplicative functions

Given a finite alphabet $\mathbb{A}$ and a primitive substitution $\theta:\mathbb{A}\to\mathbb{A}^\lambda$ (of constant length $\lambda$), let $(X_\theta,S)$ denote the corresponding dynamical system, where $X_{\theta}$ is the closure of the orbit via the left shift $S$ of a fixed point of the natural extension of $\theta$ to a self-map of $\mathbb{A}^{\mathbb{Z}}$. The main result of the paper is that all continuous observables in $X_{\theta}$ are orthogonal to any bounded, aperiodic, multiplicative function $\mathbf{u}:\mathbb{N}\to\mathbb{C}$, i.e. \[ \lim_{N\to\infty}\frac1N\sum_{n\leq N}f(S^nx)\mathbf{u}(n)=0\] for all $f\in C(X_{\theta})$ and $x\in X_{\theta}$. In particular, each primitive automatic sequence, that is, a sequence read by a primitive finite automaton, is orthogonal to any bounded, aperiodic, multiplicative function.
A convolution formula for Tutte polynomials of arithmetic matroids and other combinatorial structures

In this note we generalize the convolution formula for the Tutte polynomial of Kook-Reiner-Stanton and Etienne-Las Vergnas to a more general setting that includes both arithmetic matroids and delta-matroids. As corollaries, we obtain new proofs of two positivity results for pseudo-arithmetic matroids and a combinatorial interpretation of the arithmetic Tutte polynomial at infinitely many points in terms of arithmetic flows and colorings. We also exhibit connections with a decomposition of Dahmen-Micchelli spaces and lattice point counting in zonotopes.
A cross-country utilization patterns comparison of high expenditure therapeutic groups between Portugal and six European countries: the two sides of the Portuguese coin

ABSTRACT Background Understanding variability in prescribing patterns through comparative drug utilization studies can contribute to improve an efficient, effective and safe use of medicines. Objectives To perform a cross-country comparison of consumption patterns of ambulatory high expenditure therapeutic groups between Portugal and six European countries and simulate potential cost-saving scenarios through the adoption of the different prescribing patterns of studied countries. Methods Cross-country comparison of 2019 drug consumption patterns between Portugal, Denmark, England, Finland, the Netherlands, Norway, and Spain. Analysis comprised antihypertensive drugs, glucose lowering drugs (GLD), insulins, lipid lowering drugs (LLD) and oral anticoagulants. Cost-saving analysis were performed using the Portugal average annual cost/daily defined dose and the potential reduction in expenditure simulating other European countries consumption pattern scenarios. Results Portugal had the lowest consumption uptake of metformin and the highest consumption of GLD (30.1%) and LLD (8.5% vs <3%) fixed-dose combinations. Annual cost-savings scenarios showed that Portugal would have saved between 53 M€ and 305 M€ if it had the same prescribing patterns than Norway or the Netherlands, respectively. Conclusions Different utilization patterns across countries were found. Although Portugal has the lowest gross domestic product per capita among the countries studied, it had the highest uptake of newly and costly drugs.
KLF2 reduces dexamethasone-induced injury to growth plate chondrocytes by inhibiting the Runx2-mediated PI3K/AKT and ERK signalling pathways

Abstract Dexamethasone (Dex) is a type of glucocorticoid drug. Long term use can induce growth plate chondrocytes (GPCs) apoptosis, impair differentiation, and inhibit cell proliferation and bone growth. It has been reported that Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) inhibits osteoblast damage induced by Dex, but the role in Dex-induced GPCs remains unclear. Dex was used to construct a model of growth plate injury in vitro. CCK-8 and TUNEL kits were used to determine cell viability and apoptosis. A model of growth plate injury was established by intraperitoneal injection of Dex. Immunohistochemistry was used to investigate the expression of KLF2 in rats. The results showed that KLF2 expression of rat tibial GPCs was down-regulated after Dex stimulation. Overexpression of KLF2 promoted cell viability and cell cycle, while inhibited apoptosis of growth plate Dex-induced chondrocytes. Moreover, KLF2 inhibited Runx2-mediated PI3K/AKT and ERK signalling pathways. And PI3K/AKT and ERK signalling pathways, which were involved in the regulation of KLF2 on GPCs. Further studies showed that KLF2 alleviated growth plate injury in vivo. In conclusion, our study found that KLF2 promoted proliferation and inhibited apoptosis of Dex-induced GPCs by targeting the Runx2-mediated PI3K/AKT and ERK signalling pathways.
Folic acid-chitosan coated stylosin nanostructured lipid carriers: fabrication, in vitro–in vivo assessment in breast malignant cells

Abstract Synthesis of targeted nanostructure lipid carriers for stylosin (STY-CFN-NPs) delivery to MCF-7 cells. STY-CFN-NPs were formulated via the homogenization and ultra-sonication technique. After evaluating the amount of drug encapsulation and FA binding, the toxicity effect of the STY and STY-CFN-NPs on MCF-7 cells was measured by the MTT method. Cell cycle analysis, AO/PI staining and qPCR to assess the inducing of apoptosis as well as Tubo cancer cell inoculated mouse model for antitumor properties of STY-CFN-NPs were used. Significant increases in nanoparticle size and changes in zeta potential were observed after FA-CS coating on nanoparticles. Slow release of the STY within 144 h as well as the acceptable rate for STY encapsulation efficiency (92.4% and FA binding (52.5%) to the STY-CFN-NPs (PS: 66.26 ± 3.02 nm, ZP: 29.54 ± 1.01 mV and PDI: 0.32 ± 0.01) was reported. STY-CFN-NPs exhibited higher toxicity compared to STY suspension and treatment with STY-CFN-NPs was lead to increased apoptotic cells, stopped cells in the SubG1 phase, and also increased caspase and BAX expression and decreased BCL-2 and BCL-XL expression in in vitro and decreased the size of murine tumors (54.57% in 16 days) in in vivo. The results showed STY-CFN-NPs have good potential for breast cancer management.
Asymptotic expansions of the Witten–Reshetikhin–Turaev invariants of mapping tori I

In this paper we engage in a general study of the asymptotic expansion of the Witten–Reshetikhin–Turaev invariants of mapping tori of surface mapping class group elements. We use the geometric construction of the Witten–Reshetikhin–Turaev topological quantum field theory via the geometric quantization of moduli spaces of flat connections on surfaces. We identify assumptions on the mapping class group elements that allow us to provide a full asymptotic expansion. In particular, we show that our results apply to all pseudo-Anosov mapping classes on a punctured torus and show by example that our assumptions on the mapping class group elements are strictly weaker than hitherto successfully considered assumptions in this context. The proof of our main theorem relies on our new results regarding asymptotic expansions of oscillatory integrals, which allows us to go significantly beyond the standard transversely cut out assumption on the fixed point set. This makes use of the Picard–Lefschetz theory for Laplace integrals.
Bifurcation of limit cycles from a switched equilibrium in planar switched systems and its application to power converters

We consider a switched system of two subsystems that are activated as the trajectory enters the regions $\{(x,y):x>\bar x\}$ and $\{(x,y):x 0$ sufficiently small. The research is motivated by an application to a dc-dc power converter, where $\bar x>0$ is used in place of $\bar x=0$ to avoid sliding motions.
Fractional DP‐colorings of sparse graphs

DP‐coloring (also known as correspondence coloring) is a generalization of list coloring developed recently by Dvořák and Postle [J. Combin. Theory Ser. B 129 (2018), pp. 38–54]. In this paper we introduce and study the fractional DP‐chromatic number χDP*(G) . We characterize all connected graphs G such that χDP*(G)⩽2 : they are precisely the graphs with no odd cycles and at most one even cycle. By a theorem of Alon, Tuza, and Voigt [Discrete Math. 165–166 (1997), pp. 31–38], the fractional list‐chromatic number χℓ*(G) of any graph G equals its fractional chromatic number χ*(G) . This equality does not extend to fractional DP‐colorings. Moreover, we show that the difference χDP*(G)−χ*(G) can be arbitrarily large, and, furthermore, χDP*(G)⩾d∕(2lnd) for every graph G of maximum average degree d⩾4 . On the other hand, we show that this asymptotic lower bound is tight for a large class of graphs that includes all bipartite graphs as well as many graphs of high girth and high chromatic number.
Novel biallelic mutations in TTC29 cause asthenoteratospermia and male infertility

Multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella (MMAF), which is characterized as asthenoteratospermia involving absent, short, bent, coiled, and/or irregular‐caliber flagella, is a rare recessive inherited disorder associated with male infertility. To date, genetic causes of MMAF cases are not fully explored.
High-density spinal cord stimulation selectively activates lower urinary tract nerves

Objective. Epidural spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a potential intervention to improve limb and autonomic functions, with lumbar stimulation improving locomotion and thoracic stimulation regulating blood pressure. Here, we asked whether sacral SCS could be used to target the lower urinary tract (LUT) and used a high-density epidural electrode array to test whether individual electrodes could selectively recruit LUT nerves. Approach. We placed a high-density epidural SCS array on the dorsal surface of the sacral spinal cord and cauda equina of anesthetized cats and recorded the stimulation-evoked activity from nerve cuffs on the pelvic, pudendal and sciatic nerves. Main results. Here we show that sacral SCS evokes responses in nerves innervating the bladder and urethra and that these nerves can be activated selectively. Sacral SCS always recruited the pelvic and pudendal nerves and selectively recruited both of these nerves in all but one animal. Individual branches of the pudendal nerve were always recruited as well. Electrodes that selectively recruited specific peripheral nerves were spatially clustered on the arrays, suggesting anatomically organized sensory pathways. Significance. This selective recruitment demonstrates a mechanism to directly modulate bladder and urethral function through known reflex pathways, which could be used to restore bladder and urethral function after injury or disease.
Functional Equation of the Rate of Inflation

This short note aims to introduce a rule which admits to compute %any time rate of interest in any time per any time, rate of inflation per any time in any moment, if the rate of interest or the rate of inflation by unity of time is an arbitrary integrable function. The main result is the generalization of the well known rule, which holds for the piecewise constant approximation of the rate of inflation to rule which should be used for arbitrary integrable function. The usage of the rule is demonstrated on the examples based on real data of index of prices of non regulated prices in Czech republic.
Potential influence of COVID-19 and dexamethasone on the reproductive system: what we know and can expect

Abstract Dexamethasone is the first and an important therapy that significantly reduces the risk of death in patients with severe COVID-19 disease. Nevertheless, a lot of studies have revealed that it has adverse impacts on multiple systems of the body especially the reproductive system, and dexamethasone exposure during the human foetal period may be associated with various diseases. In this paper, we reviewed the literature regarding the adverse effects of COVID-19 and dexamethasone administration on the reproductive system as well as related disease pathogenesis, in an attempt to clarify the potential harms of dexamethasone treatment in COVID-19 patients. Overall, we strongly support the application of dexamethasone as a pharmaceutical therapy in critical COVID-19 patients before a better therapy is developed, but the adverse side effects that may arise cannot be ignored. Our review will help medical professionals in the prognosis and follow-up of patients treated with dexamethasone. In addition, given that a considerable amount of uncertainty, confusion and even controversy that still remains, further studies and more clinical trials are urgently needed to improve the understanding of the parameters and the effects of dexamethasone on reproductive function of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection.