Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Time preferences and community-based conservation: Insights from elephant patrolling efforts in Aras Napal, Indonesia

This study took place in an Indonesian village in Aras Napal, North Sumatra, which previously has been involved in an elephant patrolling conservation program to mitigate human-elephant conflicts and protect the neighboring Leuser National Park. The study examines the villager’s individual and social time preferences, particularly comparing those who were actively involved in the elephant patrolling unit and those who were not. Quantitative data from a sample of 50 villagers was collected. The survey used comparable index measures for individual and social patience, consisting of subjectively self-assessed time preferences and revealed time preferences through staircase choice experiments. The results suggest that the villagers tend to be less patient for individual benefits than for social benefits. The finding was especially significant among those who had not been actively involved in the elephant patrolling unit. The study also showed that there is a discrepancy between the measures of self-assessed time preferences and revealed time preferences, indicating that the villagers act in discordance with their intentions for intertemporal choices. I argue that these findings are relevant for sustainable development policy and research as more people will be expected to face environmental poverty and degradation in the future. Studying time preferences in relation to conservation efforts will help us understand the difficulties in uniting farsighted environmental patience with the urgency for environmental services to satisfy immediate needs. (Less)
THE TECHNOLOGICAL ABILITIES OF THE LEVANTINE MOUSTERIANS Cultural and Mental Capacities

The present article is an endeavor to understand the technological abilities of the Levantine Mousterian population, from which some insight may be gained into the nature of human cognition at that time. The approach employed here is similar to that adopted in a previous study (Belfer-Cohen and Goren-Inbar 1994) which dealt with issues pertaining to human cognition during the Lower Paleolithic through examinations of Levantine lithic techno-complexes. Though much of prehistoric research is concerned with the phenomenon of transitions, most efforts have been oriented towards explaining the Middle Paleolithic/Upper Paleolithic transition while the Lower Paleolithic/Middle Paleolithic transition has attracted considerably less attention (but see Clark 1982, 1988; Volman 1984; Klein 1989; McBrearty 1991; Goren-Inbar 1995). The behavior of Middle Paleolithic (i.e., Mousterian) hominids is unquestionably rooted in their past and origins—the Lower Paleolithic patterns. It is nevertheless obvious that a fundamental change must have occurred around the time of the passage from the Lower to the Middle Paleolithic which is reflected in both the typological and the technological aspects of the relevant industries (Figure 1). When examining traits considered to be the hallmarks of the Middle Paleolithic lithic assemblages, from the Levant as well as from Europe and the Middle Stone Age of Africa, several differences from the Lower Paleolithic industries stand out quite clearly:
Applying for Social Housing in Australia – The Centrality of Cultural, Social and Emotional Capital

ABSTRACT Social housing scarcity has underpinned the development of detailed social housing application processes across Australia. Applications require the strongest possible evidence of disadvantage and need, conceptualized in this paper as the required demonstration of “inverse distinction”. Drawing on 47 in-depth interviews in three Australian states with people who have expert knowledge of the application process, we argue that the onerous requirements of the application means that if an applicant does not have a skilled supporter or advocate, they are less likely to achieve an optimal result. Drawing on Bourdieu’s framework and the concept of emotional capital, we demonstrate that being prioritized invariably involves an applicant sub-contracting cultural and social capital to an advocate. Further, the latter needs to have the requisite emotional capital. This article shines new light on the practical and emotional workload of social housing applications for both housing professionals and those in need of housing assistance.
NAVIGATION AND TRACKING OF UNTETHERED STIMULI-RESPONSIVE GRIPPERS : TOWARD TARGETED THERAPY

1 Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States, 2 Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States, 3 Surgical Robotics Laboratory, Department of Biomechanical Engineering, MIRA – Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands, 4 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States, 5Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
Age‐dependent aneuploidy in mammalian oocytes instigated at the second meiotic division

Ageing severely affects the chromosome segregation process in human oocytes resulting in aneuploidy, infertility and developmental disorders. A considerable amount of segregation errors in humans are introduced at the second meiotic division. We have here compared the chromosome segregation process in young adult and aged female mice during the second meiotic division. More than half of the oocytes in aged mice displayed chromosome segregation irregularities at anaphase II, resulting in dramatically increased level of aneuploidy in haploid gametes, from 4% in young adult mice to 30% in aged mice. We find that the post‐metaphase II process that efficiently corrects aberrant kinetochore‐microtubule attachments in oocytes in young adult mice is approximately 10‐fold less efficient in aged mice, in particular affecting chromosomes that show small inter‐centromere distances at the metaphase II stage in aged mice. Our results reveal that post‐metaphase II processes have critical impact on age‐dependent aneuploidy in mammalian eggs.
A Preliminary Examination of Weight Based Psychological Aggression in Intimate Relationships

This two-part study examined a new form of intimate partner aggression termed weight based psychological aggression. Past work supports a theoretical and empirical relationship between intimate partner aggression and eating disorder symptoms. Additionally, negative events within romantic relationships are related to major risk factors of eating disorders (e.g. body dissatisfaction, body consciousness). In the current studies, a new measure that assessed weight based psychological aggression was examined to explore its factor structure and psychometric properties. A second aim of these studies was to further examine the weight based psychological aggression construct and how it related to eating disorder symptoms. Emotion dysregulation is one important factor that may explain the relationship between weight based psychological aggression and disordered eating behaviors (e.g., eating disorder symptoms, body consciousness). Intimate partner aggression victimization was also included in the mediational model to further examine the mediating effect of emotion dysregulation on the relationship between intimate partner aggression and disordered eating behaviors. Results from the current studies supported the factor structure of the weight based psychological aggression measure and the convergent validity. The convergent validity was partially supported, and the discriminant validity was supported. Results from the mediation analyses indicated a significant effect supporting emotion regulation as a mediator of the relationship between the Guilt/Pressure subscale of the new measure and eating disorder symptoms. However, fit indices indicated poor model fit, decreasing confidence in the theoretical models. Emotion dysregulation did not mediate the relationship between the Retaliatory/Coercive subscale of the new measure and disordered eating behaviors (e.g., eating disorder symptoms,
Intrinsic n-type versus p-type doping asymmetry and the defect physics of ZnO

ZnO typifies a class of materials that can be doped via native defects in only one way: either n type or p type. We explain this asymmetry in ZnO via a study of its intrinsic defect physics, including ${\mathrm{Zn}}_{\mathrm{O}},$ ${\mathrm{Zn}}_{i},$ ${\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{O}},$ ${\mathrm{O}}_{i},$ and ${V}_{\mathrm{Zn}}$ and n-type impurity dopants, Al and F. We find that ZnO is n type at Zn-rich conditions. This is because (i) the Zn interstitial, ${\mathrm{Zn}}_{i},$ is a shallow donor, supplying electrons; (ii) its formation enthalpy is low for both Zn-rich and O-rich conditions, so this defect is abundant; and (iii) the native defects that could compensate the n-type doping effect of ${\mathrm{Zn}}_{i}$ (interstitial O, ${\mathrm{O}}_{i},$ and Zn vacancy, ${V}_{\mathrm{Zn}}),$ have high formation enthalpies for Zn-rich conditions, so these ``electron killers'' are not abundant. We find that ZnO cannot be doped p type via native defects $({\mathrm{O}}_{i},{V}_{\mathrm{Zn}})$ despite the fact that they are shallow (i.e., supplying holes at room temperature). This is because at both Zn-rich and O-rich conditions, the defects that could compensate p-type doping ${(V}_{\mathrm{O}}{,\mathrm{}\mathrm{Zn}}_{i},{\mathrm{Zn}}_{\mathrm{O}})$ have low formation enthalpies so these ``hole killers'' form readily. Furthermore, we identify electron-hole radiative recombination at the ${V}_{\mathrm{O}}$ center as the source of the green luminescence. In contrast, a large structural relaxation of the same center upon double hole capture leads to slow electron-hole recombination (either radiative or nonradiative) responsible for the slow decay of photoconductivity.
Fluid vs PIC Modeling of a Plasma Plume Expansion

The prediction of the plasma plume properties far downstream from an electric thruster is crucial to assess its interaction with both the spacecraft and the ambient plasma. Either fluid or kinetic models can be used for this purpose. The former are generally less demanding from a computational point of view and allow exploring parametrically the physics of the expansion, but rely on strong assumptions to close the fluid equations, such as isothermal or polytropic electron thermodynamics. Kinetic simulations, on the other hand, allow reproducing the plume physics to a much deeper level of detail but require more computational power. This paper presents and compares a fluid model plume solver based on the Asymptotic Expansion Method and a full PIC simulator, benchmarking one against the other, in terms of the predicted plasma density and velocity. The suitability of fluid models to reproduce the results of a more complex full PIC simulator is investigated, identifying the limitations of a simple polytropic law and discussing the fundamental physics of the plasma plume expansion.
A Non-Stationary Office Desk Substitution for Desk-Based and HMD-Projected Virtual Reality

The ongoing migration of HMDs to the consumer market also allows the integration of immersive environments into analysis workflows that are often bound to an (office) desk. However, a critical factor when considering VR solutions for professional applications is the prevention of cybersickness. In the given scenario the user is usually seated and the surrounding real world environment is very dominant, where the most dominant part is maybe the desk itself. Including this desk in the virtual environment could serve as a resting frame and thus reduce cybersickness next to a lot of further possibilities. In this work, we evaluate the feasibility of a substitution like this in the context of a visual data analysis task involving travel, and measure the impact on cybersickness as well as the general task performance and presence. In the conducted user study ($n=52$), surprisingly, and partially in contradiction to existing work, we found no significant differences for those core measures between the control condition without a virtual table and the condition containing a virtual table. However, the results also support the inclusion of a virtual table in desk-based use cases.
How Responsible Leadership Motivates Employees to Engage in Organizational Citizenship Behavior for the Environment: A Double-Mediation Model

By collecting and analyzing sample from 384 employees in China, this study explored relationship between responsible leadership and organization citizenship behavior for the environment (OCBE) with structural equation model (SEM). The results are as follows: (1) responsible leadership is positively related to organization citizenship behavior for the environment. (2) responsible leadership has positive effects on both autonomous and external environmental motivation. (3) autonomous and external environmental motivation have a multiple-mediate role in the relationship between responsible leadership and organization citizenship behavior for the environment. Finally, this paper discusses the management implications of the research results and the future research direction.
Evidence for Gas Exchange in Single-Bubble Sonoluminescence

In this Letter we describe measurements of the light emission evolution for single-bub sonoluminescence. In particular, we show that the evolution of intensity for an air bubble depe on whether or not the bubble has previously been in a steady sonoluminescence state. Our r provide strong experimental evidence in support of the recent hypothesis that an air bubble underg single-bubble sonoluminescence in water transitions to an argon bubble. [S0031-9007(97)05098-
Protection of the Liuzheng Water Source: a Karst Water System in Dawu, Zibo, China

The Dawu water source is a rare, large-scale groundwater source located in northern China. The water supply function from this water source has, however, been lost due to anthropogenic pollution. In order to fully utilize valuable groundwater resources, a new water source of urban domestic water in Liu Zheng is planned. In this study, a tracer test and a numerical simulation method are used to examine the hydraulic connection between the Liuzheng water source and the Wangzhai industrial park; to optimize the exploitation layout of the Liuzheng water source and Dawu water source; and to propose the extent of the Liuzheng water source protection area. Results indicate that: (1) Karst development in the study area is uneven, and the Wangzhai area is a recharge area of the Liuzheng water source; (2) it is predicted that the groundwater flow field will not be significantly changed when a groundwater volume of 150,000 m3/day is exploited from the Liuzheng water source; (3) it is predicted that the proposed chemical park in Wangzhai will gradually pollute to the groundwater in the northern area of Liuzheng; and (4) results using the empirical formula method and the numerical simulation method indicate that the area of the primary protection area of the Liuzheng water source is about 0.59 km2, and the area of the secondary protection area is about 14.98 km2. Results from this study provide a certain technical basis for the exploitation and protection of groundwater in the Liuzheng water source.
Artificial Neural Network for Sit-to-Stand classification based on Inertial Measurement Units Data

According to some statistics published by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1 in 50 people approximately around the world is incapable of achieving some of daily’s life activities by his own due to paralysis. Paralysis is the partial or total inability of the human body to perform some movements caused by stroke, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, birth defect, etc. Today, number of paralysis “victims” is increasing dramatically making over 6 million people paralyzed around the world, with some cases were the physical therapy becomes unable to heal. Consequently, Technology has constantly been a major player in a large number of physical therapy applications, and offers many advantages for paralyzed people that the physical therapy is not able to provide. Recently, exoskeleton patient motion aiding technology was introduced in order to supply disabled people and regain mobility. The main goal of this project is to study the Sit-to-Stand and Stand-to-Sit transfer in 10 young healthy subjects. IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) wearable sensors, more specifically MPU6050 sensors, are used in the performed experiences in order to extract desired raw data such as the acceleration, angular rate and inclination of lower limb different segments including metatarsal, shank and thigh segments and the inclination of the trunk. Thus, ankle, knee and hip joints angles were derived. Furthermore, extracted features are studied, analyzed and used to establish epochs and recognize phases of the Sit-toStand gesture based on a number of previous Sit-to-Stand literature of art. This is accomplished using Artificial Neural Network, using different architectures and choosing the best one, which resulted in four main phases: flexion phase, transfer phase, extension phase and stabilization phase. Finally, and using the proper Neural Network with the higher accuracy (92.3% accuracy using the 30 layers architecture), a Sit-to-Stand algorithm is proposed and modeled. Keywords— Artificial Neural Network, Sit-To-Stand algorithm, Gait analysis, Classification, IMU sensors
Prevention of ion flux lateral inhomogeneities in large area capacitive radio frequency plasmas via the electrical asymmetry effect

The ion flux is measured spatially resolved along the substrate surface in dual-frequency large area capacitive discharges operated in H2 at 150 Pa. One electrode is driven by 40.68 MHz and/or 81.36 MHz. The dependence of the ion flux profile on the applied voltage waveform is investigated experimentally and by a two-dimensional model. The results show that lateral inhomogeneities caused by standing wave effects can be eliminated based on the electrical asymmetry effect, i.e., by tuning the phase shift between the two applied frequencies. This approach solves one of the major problems in plasma processing of large substrates.
Examensarbete Image Database for Pose Hypotheses Generation

The presence of autonomous systems is becoming more and more common in today’s society. The contexts in which these kind of systems appear are numerous and the variations are large, from large and complex systems like autonomous mining platforms to smaller, more everyday useful systems like the self-guided vacuum cleaner. It is essential for a completely self-supported mobile robot placed in unknown, dynamic or unstructured environments to be able to localise itself and find its way through maps. This localisation problem is still not completely solved although the idea of completely autonomous systems arose in the human society centuries ago. Its complexity makes it a wide-spread field of reasearch even in present days. In this work, the localisation problem is approached with an appearance based method for place recognition. The objective is to develop an algorithm for fast pose hypotheses generation from a map. A database containing very low resolution images from urban environments is built and very short image retrieval times are made possible by application of image dimension reduction. The evaluation of the database shows that it has real time potential because a set of pose hypotheses can be generated in 3-25 hundreds of a second depending on the tuning of the database. The probability of finding a correct pose suggestion among the generated hypotheses is as high as 87%, even when only a few hypotheses are retrieved from the database.
Stress-induced growth of single-crystalline lead telluride nanowires and their thermoelectric transport properties

Uniform single-crystal lead telluride (PbTe) nanowires (NWs) were synthesized using a stress-induced method, which is an alternative technique for synthesizing PbTe NWs without a catalyst. The thermoelectrical transport measurement of a NW with a diameter of 217 nm exhibited a notable enhancement over the room-temperature thermopower of −342 μV K−1, which was approximately 95% larger than the bulk of PbTe. The power factor of 104 μW m−1 K−2 is also higher than any previously reported power factor in PbTe NWs.
A Parallel Approach for Solving 0 / 1 Knapsack Problem using Simulated Annealing Algorithm on CUDA Platform

CUDA is a powerful platform and has a high compute capability for developing parallel algorithms. Several parallel heuristic methods on GPUs for combinatorial optimization problems have been studied in the literature. In this paper, 0/1 Knapsack Problem that is one of the most studied combinatorial optimization problem is discussed. An effective simulated annealing based method has been proposed and it runs on CPU and GPU. The proposed method runs in parallel on GPU with multi-start technique to improve quality of solutions. A set of 10 low-dimensional knapsack problems and randomly generated medium-dimensional test instances with up to 1,000 objects are used to test the effectiveness of the method. Computational results on problem instances show that the proposed method with parallel approach outperforms sequential one on average and runs up to 16x faster than a single-core CPU. KeywordsCombinatorial optimization, 0/1 Knapsack Problem, Multi-start Simulated Annealing, Parallel algorithms, CUDA.
Factors Affecting Small and Micro Enterprise Performance with the Mediating Effect of Government Support: Evidence from the Amhara Region Ethiopia

This paper aims to examine Factors Affecting Small and Micro Enterprise Performance with the Mediating Effect of Government Support; Evidence from Amhara Region Ethiopia. This study used both qualitative and quantitative research methodology. The proposed research model used a Structural equation model, growth path modeling analysis, and correlation matrix. The study also used both primary and secondary data sources. The study employed 384 determined entrepreneur leader and employee respondents through purposive sampling techniques and simple random sampling to estimate the required clusters. The findings of the study show that the mediating role of government support affects the independent variables by 0.971 *** enterprise performance. Moreover, the independent variables entrepreneur competence, 0.841 ***, microfinance, =0.714 **, infrastructure, 0.861 ** and entrepreneur training 0.831 ** have a positive and significant impact on enterprise performance. Microfinance and entrepreneur training are major factors that influence the enterprises’ performance next to the mediating role of government support. Therefore, the Small and micro enterprise besides government supporting role have gaps in enterprises’ performance due to lack of long-term loans, access to lease machines, unfair interest rates, production and selling the place, shortage of defining SMEs, and structural limitations. To solve currently existing limitations, the regional government should take policy measures to supply long-term loan financing, access to lease machines, fair interest rate, and working and selling places through a cluster management approach, re-define and restructure the existing SMEs strategy. This study suggests to executives, policymakers, SMEs, and microfinance to use the for enterprises’ performance based on the proposed recommendation. Further research should be conducted for knowledge gap of the field in the study area.