Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The prominence of Danzig Academic Gymnasium as a cornerstone of scientific developments in Gdańsk

The Danzig Academic Gymnasium (1558–1817) was one of the first Protestant schools at the college level in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. It became one of the most famous educational institutions in Europe of the 16–18th centuries. For almost 260 years, it attracted one of the best professors and students of the era. We concentrate on the achievements in science, the role of the City Council Library in the academic life in and outside of the Gymnasium, and highlight the activities of the Danzig Naturalist Society. In this survey, we feature important representatives of the scientific disciplines present in the Gymnasium, both faculty and their students, as well as Gdańsk scientists in general. We outline the lasting impact of the Danzig Academic Gymnasium on the intellectual life in Gdańsk, the Pomerania region, and some intellectual circles in Europe.
Abundances and spectra for cosmic-ray nuclei from lithium to iron for 2 to 150 GeV per nucleon

We report measurements of the absolute and relative abundances, differential energy spectra, and spectral indices for cosmic-ray nuclei from Li to Fe for 2--150 GeV per nucleon. These measurements were made using a balloon-borne superconducting magnetic spectrometer with scintillators and optical spark chambers. The abundances of Li, Be, and B for rigidities below 10 GV/c are consistent with an energy-independent mean interstellar pathlength of 41/2 +- 1/2 g cm/sup -2/ for the ''leaky-box'' propagation model. The abundances of all elements above 10 GV/c are consistent with an interstellar path length that decreases with rigidity as R/sup -n/ with an index n=0.6(+0.4, -0.3). All differential source spectra can be fitted by power laws in total energy per nucleon with the same spectral index, which is between 2.5 and 2.6 depending on n. If n is near 0.5 (as for simple diffusion), the source index is 2.54 +- 0.03. Relative abundances at the sources are thus independent of energy, and have ratios to solar abundances as a function of first ionization potential which indicate a source temperature between 10/sup 4/ and 5 x 10/sup 4/ K depending on the equilibrium nature of the injection environment.
Design and Analysis of Variable Micro-Geometry Tooling for Machining Using 3-D Process Simulations

Emerging machining techniques such as hard turning, hard milling and micro-mechanical machining, set high standards for tooling. These techniques, where the uncut chip thickness and the tool edge dimension are in the same order of magnitude, require cutting edges, which can withstand high mechanical and thermal induced stresses during machining. Since it has been known that sharp tools are not suitable for these kinds of operations, tool manufacturers have introduced different types of tool edge preparations. A common approach is to provide uniform edge preparation. In this paper, uniform and variable edge micro-geometry design inserts are utilized and tested for 3-D turning process. In 3-D tool engagement with workpiece, the thickness of the chip varies from a maximum equal to the feed rate to a minimum on the tool’s corner radius. The ideal tool edge preparation should posses a variable configuration which has larger edge radius at the primary cutting edge than at the trailing cutting edge. Here the key parameter is the ratio of uncut chip thickness to edge radius. If a proper ratio is chosen, for given cutting conditions a variable cutting edge along the corner radius can be designed or “engineered”. In this study, 3-D finite element analysis based process simulations are utilized to predict forces and temperatures on various edge micro-geometry tools. Predicted forces are compared with experiments. The temperature distributions on the tool demonstrate the advantages of variable edge micro-geometry design.
The effects of different cavity disinfectants on fracture resistance of tooth fragment reattachments

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the fracture strength of reattached tooth fragments after different cavity disinfection protocols. Materials and methods: Incisal edges of 144 bovine incisors were sectioned and then randomly divided into 4 different groups as follows: Group C: no disinfectant; Group NaOCl: 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution; Group NaOCl+Asc: 2.5% sodium hypochlorite followed by 10% ascorbic acid solution; Group CHX: 2% chlorhexidine solution. Teeth were further divided into 3 subgroups according to universal adhesive (G-Premio Bond, Scotchbond Universal, Prime and Bond Universal). Fracture resistance was evaluated using a universal testing machine. Data was analyzed using 2-way ANOVA with Bonferroni tests. Results: Cavity disinfectant had a statistically significant effect on bond strength (p<0.05), with the highest bond strength detected in the NaOCl+Asc Group (148.22 ± 51.64) and the lowest in the NaOCl Group (112.84 ± 43.12). Scotchbond Universal exhibited the highest bond strength values (163.59 ± 49.94); however, there were no significant differences between the other adhesive systems (p> 0.05). Conclusion: Application of ascorbic acid following sodium hypochlorite treatment can improve dentin bond strength.
A Pc-scale study of radio-loud AGN: The Fanaroff-Riley Divide and Unification

In this thesis an attempt is made to address the Fanaroff-Riley (FR) dichotomy observed in radio-powerful active galactic nuclei (AGNs) within the framework of the “Unification Scheme” for radio-loud AGNs, using high angular resolution total intensity and polarization observations in the radio and optical wavebands. We describe the technique of Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) and VLBI polarimetry (VLBP) which were made use of in order to study the magnetic (B) field structure and orientation in AGN jets on parsec-scales. In this thesis we present the first VLBP images of four relatively low-luminosity FRI radio galaxies with detected polarized emission on parsecscales. We further present the results from our multi-frequency, multi-epoch VLBP observations of the broad-line FRII radio galaxy – 3C111. We compare and contrast our VLBP results in the light of the Fanaroff-Riley dichotomy and the Unified Scheme that relates the FRI and FRII radio galaxies to BL Lac objects and quasars, respectively. We find that the B-field geometry in FRIs and FRII(s) is similar to radio-powerful BL Lacs and quasars respectively, in accordance with the Unified Scheme. We present VLBP images of the relatively poorly studied subclass of BL Lacertae objects, the high-energy peaked BL Lacs (HBLs). We find that they tend to exhibit a predominantly longitudinal B-field geometry in their VLBI jets, similar to the radio-loud quasars but different from the low-energy peaked BL Lacs (LBLs) which show a predominantly transverse B-field geometry in their jets. We examine the nature of the unresolved optical nuclei discovered by the Hubble Space Telescope in the centres of a majority of FR radio galaxies by fitting simple models to the optical and radio data. We conclude that the nature of the optical nuclei in the FRI population (FRI radio galaxies and BL Lac objects) and the FRII population (FRII radio galaxies and radio-loud quasars) differs in a significant manner. FRI sources probably lack the optically thick obscuring tori around their central engines while FRII sources do not. Further, the contribution to the nuclear optical luminosity from the accretion disk is much more significant in the FRII population.
Substrate dependent charge injection at the V2O5/organic interface

Charge injection at the interface between V2O5 and N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis-(1-naphthyl)-1-1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine (α-NPD) was studied. It is found that the energy-level alignment at the V2O5/α-NPD is dependent on the underlying substrate, in contrast to previous reports. This phenomenon is consistent with interface dipole theory for weakly pinning interfaces. V2O5 is found to weakly pin the Fermi level, such that the underlying substrate still influences the dipole between V2O5 and α-NPD. The charge neutrality level of V2O5 is also found to be 5.35 eV.
CMOS Implementation of Spiking Equilibrium Propagation for Real-Time Learning

Equilibrium propagation (EqProp) and its adaptations for spiking neural networks (SNN) are presented as biologically plausible alternatives to back-propagation (BP) which describe a potential low-energy means of learning complex tasks in neuromorphic hardware. These algorithms are conducive to extremely efficient analog computing approaches, but a detailed analog circuit implementation and architectural outline have not yet been presented. Furthermore, current theoretical analog designs of EqProp have not addressed synapse circuit-level implementations capable of simultaneous sensing and weight updates for real-time learning. To this end, we have designed and simulated a circuit-level implementation of a spiking EqProp neuron and synapse in CMOS 65 nm technology capable of concurrent inference and weight updates for real-time learning.
Fluctuaciones macroeconómicas en la economía peruana, 1950-1990

The main purpose of this paper is to answer the following question: which factors explain the persistence of fluctuation in the Peruvian economy? We answer it constructing a non-linear deterministic dynamical system obtaining fluctuations as a result of structural aspect of the Peruvian economy. We use in a dynamic framework the “Diaz-Alejandro” and “Foreign Exchange restrain” effects.
VARIACIÓN IN VITRO DE LA UBICACIÓN DEL ORIFICIO MENTONIANO EN RELACIÓN A DIVERSOS GRADOS DE REABSORCIÓN DEL REBORDE ALVEOLAR EN MANDÍBULAS EDÉNTULAS TOTALES

Introducción: Después de las extracciones dentales ocurre la reducción fisiológica de las apófisis alveolares, hasta que al llegar a determinado punto se habla de atrofia alveolar, por lo general, cuando se dificulta la construcción de una dentadura completa o la colocación de implantes a causa de la pérdida de hueso alveolar. El problema se acrecienta cuando el agujero mentoniano remonta hacia el reborde alveolar residual. Material y Métodos: Estudio Descriptivo Correlacional, el presente estudio es in – vitro en cuarenta especímenes mandibulares edéntulos totales, donde se localiza al agujero mentoniano en relación con el reborde alveolar residual, el borde basilar, el borde posterior de la rama ascendente y el borde de la sínfisis del mentón. Resultados: En los grupos de hemimaxilares adultos y ancianos como los del sexo masculino y femenino, para las distancias de OM-BA, OM-BB el lado izquierdo es mayor que el lado derecho, pero ocurre lo contrario en las distancias OM-SM, OM-BPRA. En la frecuencia del grado de reabsorción ósea, los hemimaxilares considerados adultos del sexo masculino en el lado derecho e izquierdo predominan los RABR. Los hemimaxilares considerados ancianos del sexo masculino y femenino, en los lados derechos e izquierdos predominan los RA. Conclusiones: El agujero mentoniano tiende a aproximarse hacia el borde alveolar e inclusive llega a remontarlo, mientras mayor sea la resorción ósea de la cresta alveolar edéntula.
Determination of an Optimal Control Strategy for a Generic Surface Vehicle

Abstract : Optimal path planning and control of vehicles becomes of greater importance as more and more tasks are transferred to autonomous agents. The concept of optimal path planning and optimal control of a generic surface vehicle in a constant current flow was investigated. This report documents the development of a three degree-of-freedom model of a generic surface vehicle and describes optimal path planning in a uniform surface current flow environment. The nominal path is derived using a two-point boundary value problem solution with constant propulsion. Optimal control strategy to follow the identified motion path starting from a randomly perturbed initial condition was also investigated and tested using the developed model. It was shown that in a relatively uniform surface current flow environment, the direct path from the initial point to the target location is optimal in terms of expended energy, where the least expended energy corresponds to constant thrust motion with the relative vehicle heading perpendicular to the flow.
A review of the effectiveness of active labour market programmes with a focus on Latin America and the Caribbean

This paper reviews in a systematic way the evidence on impact evaluations of active labour market programmes (ALMP), with a focus on Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). It thus serves as a background paper for a more comprehensive project that the ILO’s Research Department is undertaking to assess the usage of and experience with active labour market programmes in the region. The paper starts with a description of the main types and key mechanisms of ALMP. After summarizing the previous evidence on active programmes in general and for LAC, in particular, the empirical part first uses a sample of ALMP evaluations worldwide – compiled in Card, Kluve and Weber (2015) – to provide meta-analytical estimates of programme effectiveness. The second, novel part of the empirical analysis constructs an additional sample of impact evaluations from LAC and presents results from meta-regressions for this regional sample.
Local Pre-Conditioning and Quality Enhancement to Handle Different Data Complexities in Contactless Fingerprint Classification

Biometric authentication systems have always been a fascinating approach to meet personalized security. Among the major existing solutions fingerprint-biometrics have gained widespread attention;yet, guaranteeing scalability and reliability over real-time demands remains a challenge. Despite innovations, the recent COVID-19 pandemic has capped the efficacy of the existing touch-based two-dimensional fingerprint detection models. Though, touchless fingerprint detection is considered as a viable alternative;yet, the real-time data complexities like non-linear textural patterns, dusts, non-uniform local conditions like illumination, contrast, orientation make it complex for realization. Moreover, the likelihood of ridge discontinuity and spatio-temporal texture damages can limit its efficacy. Considering these complexities, here, we focused on improving the input image intrinsic feature characteristics. More specifically, applied normalization, ridge orientation estimation, ridge frequency estimation, ridge masking and Gabor filtering over the input touchless fingerprint images. The proposed model mainly focusses on reducing FPR & EER by dividing the input image in to blocks and classify each input block as recoverable and nonrecoverable image block. Finally, an image with higher recoverable blocks with sufficiently large intrinsic features were considered for feature extraction and classification. The Proposed method outperforms when compared with the existing state of the art methods by achieving an accuracy of 94.72%, precision of 98.84%, recall of 97.716%, F-Measure 0.9827, specificity of 95.38% and a reduced EER of about 0.084. © 2022, International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications. All Rights Reserved.
Study of 3-nm Cylindrical GAAFETs with Variations in High-k Dielectric Gate-oxide Materials

Semiconductor devices using high k dielectric materials are widely adopted in memory and amplifier applications. Among the semiconductor devices gate all around-FET (GAAFET) is now the latest trend being used instead of other field effect transistors to serve the purpose of reducing the short channel effects (SCE). In this work, we examine the performance of a circular cross-section gate all around-field effect transistor (GAA-FET) with varying gate dielectric characteristics with high-k dielectric oxide materials (Al2O3, HfO2, HfSiO4, SiO2, Ta2O5, TiO2) across the 3-nm channel length. These simulations showed that even though the dielectric constant over the channel increases in value, both ION-IOFF ratio and transconductance upsurge. The obtained results indicated that raising the dielectric constant in a gate oxide reduces subthreshold slope (SS), increases amplification rate, and reduces threshold voltage (VTH) roll-off as well. The Silvaco TCAD ATLAS simulation was calibrated against experimental data from different works of literature. The higher the dielectric constant, the lower the SCEs. It is also found that TiO2 is dominating over the other materials selected for the simulation for a higher value of dielectric constant.
Exploring Deep Neural Networks and Decision Tree for Spanish Text Classification

Nowadays, huge amounts of information are available on social networks, blogs, websites, and digital libraries. Most of this information is in unstructured text format, so text mining approaches have become increasingly studied to process all this data. Text classification aims to automatically classify documents into predetermined categories, applying machine learning (ML) algorithms. In this paper, we collected a dataset set related to reviews of a food store in Peru and compared different vectorization models, such as Term Frequency Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF), Bag of Words (BoW), and classification algorithms, such as traditional ML classifiers SVM, Decision Tree, MLP, KNN, Naive Bayes and a recent approach “deep jointly informed neural networks” (DJINN) that initialize deep feedforward neural networks based on decision trees. The results show DJINN gets a F1-score higher than traditional ML, being a promising technique for text classification.
Optimal Operation and Control of Towing Kites using Online and Offline Gaussian Process Learning Supported Model Predictive Control

Controlling wind kites requires accurate models, both for safe operation, as well as for thrust maximization. To this end, we present a trajectory tracking model predictive control (MPC) approach in combination with Gaussian processes for model learning. Since perfect prediction models are usually unavailable, we use a hybrid model approach consisting of a physical base model extended by Gaussian processes that learn the model-plant mismatch. This allows for the computation of optimized improved reference trajectories, compared to the nominal model case. We furthermore outline an online-learning trajectory tracking MPC approach, which updates the process model recursively taking new measurements into account if the prediction error becomes too large. In simulations we show that even for large model-plant mismatches correct and safe operation can be achieved using the hybrid model in the MPC.
Wireless Power Transmission-Based In-Wheel Switched Reluctance Motor Drive System With an x-Type Converter

This paper proposes a wireless power transmission (WPT)-based in-wheel switched reluctance motor (IWSRM) drive system, which uses an x-type converter at the motor side with charging function. In this system, a single frequency WPT subsystem with one transmitter coil and one receiver coil is used to completely isolate the DC power side from the motor side, and realize a transmission voltage gain of 1 by incorporating the symmetrical LCC-S network, which has the advantage of constant voltage gain when load changes. Be different from asymmetric half-bridge (AHB) converter, at the motor side an x-type converter with minimum number of active power switches is employed to connect the WPT subsystem, in which one power switch and one diode are used for each phase with independent control. The number of power active devices are reduced by half compared to AHB converter. Two freewheeling modes are analyzed for the drive system: the resistance freewheeling mode and the battery charging freewheeling mode. An experimental setup for a WPT-based three-phase 18/24-pole IWSRM system was built and tested. The simulation and experiment results of the system under two freewheeling modes are presented to validate the analysis and effectiveness of the system. The DC-to-DC efficiency is achieved over 96% with 100 mm air gap and the system efficiency is achieved up to 82% with the battery charging freewheeling mode.
Formação de professor de inglês em contexto de projeto de extensão sobre prática de Tandem

In the context of education mediated by new technologies, information is available to anyone who may be interested in it, and the roles of student and teacher, especially in the last decade, have taken other contours. My work has an extension project developed in the context of language teaching and learning mediated by new technologies as its background, and it is aimed at analyzing my teacher education process as an active member of this project. I aim to understand, looking back to my own story, what was the impact that this extension project had either over my academic, personal and professional journeys. For that, I base myself on the conceptual framework of Dewey (1953) on Teacher Education and Reflective Practice, on Communities of Practice by Wenger (2000), as well as on the Theory of Engagement by Shneiderman (1994, 1998) and Kearsley (1997). Key Words: Extension Project; Personal Improvement; Reflective Practice; Teacher Education; Tandem
Analysis of Low Power Wireless Technologies used in the Internet of Things (IoT)

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a novel paradigm that enables the development of a slew of Services for the future of technology advancements. When it comes to IoT applications, the cyber and physical worlds can be seamlessly integrated, but they are essentially limitless. However, despite the great efforts of standardization bodies, coalitions, companies, researchers, and others, there are still a slew of issues to overcome in order to fully realize the IoT's promise. These concerns should be examined from a variety of perspectives, including enabling technology, applications, business models, and social and environmental consequences. The focus of this paper is on open concerns and challenges from a technological standpoint. We will study the differences in technical such Sigfox, NB-IoT, LoRa, and 6LowPAN, and discuss their advantages and disadvantage for each technology compared with other technologies. Demonstrate that each technology has a position in the internet of things market. Each technology has different advantages and disadvantages it depends on the quality of services, latency, and battery life as a mention. The first will be analysis IoT technologies. SigFox technology offers a long-range, low-power, low-throughput communications network that is remarkably resistant to environmental interference, enabling information to be used efficiently in a wide variety of applications. We analyze how NB-IoT technology will benefit higher-value-added services markets for IoT devices that are willing to pay for exceptionally low latency and high service quality. The LoRa technology will be used as a low-cost device, as it has a very long-range (high coverage).