Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computed-Tomography as First-line Diagnostic Procedure in Patients With Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Background Mortality after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) remains high despite numerous efforts to improve outcome. For patients with suspected coronary cause of arrest, coronary angiography is crucial. However, there are other causes and potentially life-threatening injuries related to cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), which can be detected by routine computed tomography (CT). Materials and Methods At Hannover Medical School, rapid coronary angiography and CT are performed in successfully resuscitated OHCA patients as a standard of care prior to admission to intensive care. We analyzed all patients who received CT following OHCA with ROSC over a three-year period. Results There were 225 consecutive patients with return of spontaneous circulation following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Mean age was 64 ± 13 years, 75% were male. Of them, 174 (77%) had witnessed arrest, 145 (64%) received bystander CPR, and 123 (55%) had a primary shockable rhythm. Mean time to ROSC was 24 ± 20 min. There were no significant differences in CT pathologies in patients with or without ST-segment elevations in the initial ECG. Critical CT findings qualifying as a potential cause for cardiac arrest were intracranial bleeding (N = 6), aortic dissection (N = 5), pulmonary embolism (N = 17), pericardial tamponade (N = 3), and tension pneumothorax (N = 11). Other pathologies were regarded as consequences of CPR and relevant for further treatment: aspiration (N = 62), rib fractures (N = 161), sternal fractures (N = 50), spinal fractures (N = 11), hepatic bleeding (N = 12), and intra-abdominal air (N = 3). Conclusion Early CT fallowing OHCA uncovers a high number of causes and consequences of OHCA and CPR. Those are relevant for post-arrest care and are frequently life-threatening, suggesting that CT can contribute to improving prognosis following OHCA.
Perceived Information Overload and Unverified Information Sharing on WeChat Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Moderated Mediation Model of Anxiety and Perceived Herd

Individuals’ unverified information sharing on social media, namely, sharing information without verification, is a major cause of the widespread misinformation amid the COVID-19 pandemic. The association between perceived information overload and unverified information sharing has been well documented in the cognitive overload approach. However, little is known about the underlying mechanism of this process. This study aims to explore the mediating role of anxiety and the moderating role of perceived herd between perceived information overload and unverified information sharing on WeChat. Anxiety demonstrates people’s emotional response to the pandemic, whereas perceived herd describes a willingness to share certain information if it has been shared by many. The results of an online survey in China (N = 525) showed that perceived information overload was positively associated with unverified information sharing. In addition, this relationship was partially mediated by anxiety. Moreover, perceived herd positively moderated the link between anxiety and unverified information sharing, such that the indirect effect of perceived information overload on unverified information sharing via anxiety was significant in conditions where the level of perceived herd was high, whereas the indirect effect was not significant in conditions where the level of perceived herd was low. The moderated mediation model extends the cognitive overload approach and indicates that unverified information sharing is not only an individual strategy to cope with information overload but also a herding behavior to manage anxiety. Practical implications for curbing people’s tendencies toward unverified information sharing on social media are discussed.
Case Report: Twin Pregnancy Gives Birth to a Girl with Partial Trisomy 21 Mosaicism after in vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer

Objective: To report a rare case in which an IVF-ET twin pregnancy gave birth to a partial trisomy 21 chimera girl. Design: Case report. Setting: University hospital. Patient: A girl with partial trisomy 21 mosaicism after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Interventions: In vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer (ET). Main Outcome Measure: Karyotype analysis, Copy Number Variation sequencing (CNV-seq), stLFR-WGS, and Short Tandem Repeat (STR) analysis. Results: Being assisted with IVF and EF technology, the couple successfully gave birth to twin sisters at 37 weeks of gestational age. The NonInvasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT) and Nuchal Translucency (NT) examination showed no detectable genetic abnormalities during pregnancy. However, the younger infant displayed growth retardation and feeding difficulties after birth, which was not observed in her twin sister. Further genetic counseling and diagnosis suggested that she is a Chimera with complex partial trisomy 21. The stLFR-WGS assay showed multiple CNV variations in Chr21 and STR analysis confirmed the paternal origin of the additional fragments. Conclusion: It is rare for IVF-ET-assisted twin pregnancy to give birth to a girl with a complex combination of abnormal Chr21, which might result from paternal chromosome rearrangement during meiosis and mitosis.
The Gut-Brain-Immune Axis in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A State-of-Art Report

The interest elicited by the large microbial population colonizing the human gut has ancient origins and has gone through a long evolution during history. However, it is only in the last decades that the introduction of high-throughput technologies has allowed to broaden this research field and to disentangle the numerous implications that gut microbiota has in health and disease. This comprehensive ecosystem, constituted mainly by bacteria but also by fungi, parasites, and viruses, is proven to be involved in several physiological and pathological processes that transcend the intestinal homeostasis and are deeply intertwined with apparently unrelated body systems, such as the immune and the nervous ones. In this regard, a novel speculation is the relationship between the intestinal microbial flora and the pathogenesis of some neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders, including the clinical entities defined under the umbrella term of autism spectrum disorders. The bidirectional interplay has led researchers to coin the term gut-brain-immune system axis, subverting the theory of the brain as an immune-privileged site and underscoring the importance of this reciprocal influence already from fetal life and especially during the pre- and post-natal neurodevelopmental process. This revolutionary theory has also unveiled the possibility to modify the gut microbiota as a way to treat and even to prevent different kinds of pathologies. In this sense, some attempts have been made, ranging from probiotic administration to fecal microbiota transplantation, with promising results that need further elaboration. This state-of-art report will describe the main aspects regarding the human gut microbiome and its specific role in the pathogenesis of autism and its related disorders, with a final discussion on the therapeutic and preventive strategies aiming at creating a healthy intestinal microbial environment, as well as their safety and ethical implications.
The Influence of the Disadvantaged Mindset on System-Justifying Beliefs

System justification theory holds that disadvantaged groups rationalize the current social system, even if it is unfavorable to them. Epistemic, relational, and existential needs are factors that explain this phenomenon. However, the literature has not yet examined and explained when disadvantaged groups no longer rationalize current social systems. This study uses a questionnaire survey method (N = 745) to study the moderating effect of collectivism on disadvantaged mindset and system-justifying beliefs. It found that collectivism can influence the predictive effect of disadvantaged mindset on system-justifying beliefs. For people who scored low in collectivism, a disadvantaged mindset can significantly negatively predict system-justifying beliefs; for those who scored high in collectivism, a disadvantaged mindset no longer predicts system-justifying beliefs. Therefore, these results show that collectivist values are important for explaining system justification in disadvantaged groups. When collectivist values decline, the level of rationalization of the social system by disadvantaged groups also decreases.
Platelets as Key Factors in Inflammation: Focus on CD40L/CD40

Platelets are anucleate cytoplasmic fragments derived from the fragmentation of medullary megakaryocytes. Activated platelets adhere to the damaged endothelium by means of glycoproteins on their surface, forming the platelet plug. Activated platelets can also secrete the contents of their granules, notably the growth factors contained in the α-granules, which are involved in platelet aggregation and maintain endothelial activation, but also contribute to vascular repair and angiogenesis. Platelets also have a major inflammatory and immune function in antibacterial defence, essentially through their Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) and Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectin (SIGLEC). Platelet activation also contributes to the extensive release of anti- or pro-inflammatory mediators such as IL-1β, RANTES (Regulated on Activation, Normal T Expressed and Secreted) or CD154, also known as the CD40-ligand. Platelets are involved in the direct activation of immune cells, polynuclear neutrophils (PNNs) and dendritic cells via the CD40L/CD40 complex. As a general rule, all of the studies presented in this review show that platelets are capable of covering most of the stages of inflammation, primarily through the CD40L/CD40 interaction, thus confirming their own role in this pathophysiological condition.
CYP2D6 Genetic Variation and Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background Antipsychotic-induced weight gain is a contributing factor in the reduced life expectancy reported amongst people with psychotic disorders. CYP2D6 is a liver enzyme involved in the metabolism of many commonly used antipsychotic medications. We investigated if CYP2D6 genetic variation influenced weight or BMI among people taking antipsychotic treatment. Methods We conducted a systematic review and a random effects meta-analysis of publications in Pubmed, Embase, PsychInfo, and CENTRAAL that had BMI and/or weight measurements of patients on long-term antipsychotics by their CYP2D6-defined metabolic groups (poor, intermediate, normal/extensive, and ultra-rapid metabolizers, UMs). Results Twelve studies were included in the systematic review. All cohort studies suggested that the presence of reduced-function or non-functional alleles for CYP2D6 was associated with greater antipsychotic-induced weight gain, whereas most cross-sectional studies did not find any significant associations. Seventeen studies were included in the meta-analysis with clinical data of 2,041 patients, including 93 poor metabolizers (PMs), 633 intermediate metabolizers (IMs), 1,272 normal metabolizers (NMs), and 30 UMs. Overall, we did not find associations in any of the comparisons made. The estimated pooled standardized differences for the following comparisons were (i) PM versus NM; weight = –0.07 (95%CI: –0.49 to 0.35, p = 0.74), BMI = 0.40 (95%CI: –0.19 to 0.99, p = 0.19). (ii) IM versus NM; weight = 0.09 (95% CI: –0.04 to 0.22, p = 0.16) and BMI = 0.09 (95% CI: –0.24 to 0.41, p = 0.60). (iii) UM versus EM; weight = 0.01 (95% CI: –0.37 to 0.40, p = 0.94) and BMI = –0.08 (95%CI: –0.57 to 0.42, p = 0.77). Conclusion Our systematic review of cohort studies suggested that CYP2D6 poor metabolizers have higher BMI than normal metabolizers, but the data of cross-sectional studies and the meta-analysis did not show this association. Although our review and meta-analysis constitutes one of the largest studies with comprehensively genotyped samples, the literature is still limited by small numbers of participants with genetic variants resulting in poor or UMs status. We need further studies with larger numbers of extreme metabolizers to establish its clinical utility in antipsychotic treatment. CYP2D6 is a key gene for personalized prescribing in mental health.
The Influence of Internal and External Stakeholder Mechanisms on Entrepreneurial Success: The Moderating Role of Digital Technology Adoption

The purpose of this research is to investigate the associations of internal and external support mechanisms with entrepreneurial success, in the context of China's entrepreneurial sector from network theory perspective. The role of digital technology, as a moderator, has also been analyzed. Data has been obtained from 500 entrepreneurs in Jiangsu, a province in China. All hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling. It has been found that family support, business partner support, community support and external stakeholder relationships have positive effects on entrepreneurial success. It has also been discovered that digital technology adoption strengthens the positive relationship between business partner support and entrepreneurial success. Theoretical and practical implications have been highlighted and future research suggestions have been provided.
Research on Active Response Policy for Grid Friendly Air Conditioning Load

Rapid growth of air conditioning has caused large effect on safe and economical operation of power grid. Based on "Grid Friendly" technology, this paper proposes active response policy for air conditioning load. Fundamentals and implementation scheme of the policy are discussed particularly. The core idea of the policy is that the air conditioning equipment adjusts operation state automatically according to the change of grid voltage, which can relieve the adverse effect on the stable operation of power system. Typical distribution network example and aggregation model for air conditioning load fit for transient stability study are set up to verify the proposed three active response policies. The simulation results show that the hierarchical distributed active response policy for air conditioning is able to prevent large fluctuation of grid voltage as well as avoid the impact on power grid when air conditioning equipments respond actively. Active response for grid friendly air conditioning load is beneficial to maintain the safe and stable operation of power grid, which also provides a certain reference for realizing friendly interaction between power consumers and distribution network.
Association Between Lipid Accumulation Product and Cognitive Function in Hypertensive Patients With Normal Weight: Insight From the China H-type Hypertension Registry Study

Background Hypertension is a major cardiovascular risk factor for cognitive impairment. Lipid accumulation product (LAP), an index that represents fat overaccumulation in the body, has been shown to be associated with cardiovascular disease. Nevertheless, the relationship between LAP and cognitive function in hypertensive patients with normal weight has been infrequently studied. Objective This study aimed to assess the relationship between LAP and cognitive function in hypertensive patients with normal weight. Methods This study included 5,542 Chinese hypertensive patients with normal weight. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The relationship between LAP and MMSE scores was evaluated using multiple linear regression. Results The mean age of the participants was 64.8 ± 9.3 years, and 2,700 were men (48.7%). The mean MMSE score was 24.5 ± 5.1 in men and 19.2 ± 6.5 in women. The mean LAP was 26.2 ± 25.5 in men and 42.5 ± 34 in women. Log10-LAP showed a significant positive association with MMSE score (men: β = 0.69, 95% CI 0.14–1.24, p = 0.015; women: β = 1.03, 95% CI 0.16–1.90, p = 0.020). When LAP was divided into 3 groups according to tertiles, participants in the third LAP tertile had higher MMSE scores for both men (p for trend = 0.04) and women (p for trend = 0.015). Conclusion LAP showed an independent positive association with MMSE in Chinese hypertensive patients with normal weight.
Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation and Coronary Heart Disease Risks: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials

Background The clinical benefits of omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) supplementation in preventing and treating coronary heart disease (CHD) remain controversial. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the clinical benefits of omega-3 FA supplementation, with special attention given to specific subgroups. Methods Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the effects of omega-3 FA supplementation for CHD vs. a control group and including at least 1,000 patients were eligible for the inclusion in this meta-analysis. The relative risk (RR) of all-cause death, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and revascularization were estimated. We analyzed the association between cardiovascular risk and omega-3 FA supplementation in the total subjects. We focused on the cardiovascular risk compared to omega-3 FA in subgroups with different development stages of CHD, omega-3 FA supplementation application dose, diabetes, and sex. PROSPERO Registration Number: CRD42021282459. Results This meta-analysis included 14 clinical RCTs, including 1,35,291 subjects. Omega-3 FA supplementation reduced the risk of MACE (RR; 0.95; CI: 0.91–0.99; p for heterogeneity 0.27; I2 = 20%; p = 0.03), cardiovascular death (RR; 0.94; CI: 0.89–0.99; p for heterogeneity 0.21; I2 = 25%; p = 0.02), and MI (RR; 0.86; CI: 0.79–0.93; p for heterogeneity 0.28; I2 = 19%; p < 0.01), but had no significant effect on all-cause death, stroke, and revascularization. In the subgroup analysis, omega-3 FA supplementation decreased the incidence of MACE and cardiovascular death in acute patients with MI, the risk of MI and stroke in patients with CHD, and the risk of MI in patients with high-risk CHD. 0.8–1.2 g omega-3 FA supplementation reduced the risk of MACE, cardiovascular death, and MI. It was revealed that gender and diabetes have no significant association between omega-3 FA supplementation and MACE risk. Conclusions Omega-3 FA supplementation had a positive effect in reducing the incidence of MACE, cardiovascular death, MI. Regardless of the stage of CHD, omega-3 FA supplementation can prevent the occurrence of MI. The 0.8–1.2 g omega-3 FA supplementation alleviated CHD risk more effectively than lower or higher doses. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd. york.ac. uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42021282459.
Direct Imaging of Lipid Metabolic Changes in Drosophila Ovary During Aging Using DO-SRS Microscopy

Emerging studies have shown that lipids and proteins play versatile roles in various aspects of aging. High-resolution in situ optical imaging provides a powerful approach to study the metabolic dynamics of lipids and proteins during aging. Here, we integrated D2O probing and stimulated Raman scattering (DO-SRS) microscopy to directly visualize metabolic changes in aging Drosophila ovary. The subcellular spatial distribution of de novo protein synthesis and lipogenesis in ovary was quantitatively imaged and examined. Our Raman spectra showed that early stages follicles were protein-enriched whereas mature eggs were lipid-enriched. DO-SRS imaging showed a higher protein synthesis in the earlier developing stages and an increased lipid turned over at the late stage. Aged (35 days) flies exhibited a dramatic decrease in metabolic turnover activities of both proteins and lipids, particularly, in the germ stem cell niche of germarium. We found an accumulation of unsaturated lipids in the nurse cells and oocytes in old flies, suggesting that unsaturated lipids may play an important role in the processes of oocyte maturation. We further detected changes in mitochondrial morphology and accumulation of Cytochrome c during aging. To our knowledge, this is the first study that directly visualizes spatiotemporal changes in lipid and protein metabolism in Drosophila ovary during development and aging processes. Our study not only demonstrates the application of a new imaging platform in visualizing metabolic dynamics of lipids and proteins in situ but also unravels how the metabolic activity and lipid distribution change in Drosophila ovary during aging.
Traditional Chinese Medicine Pien-Tze-Huang Inhibits Colorectal Cancer Growth and Immune Evasion by Reducing β-catenin Transcriptional Activity and PD-L1 Expression

Pien Tze Huang (PZH) is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine, which has a variety of biological activities such as clearing heat-toxin, resolving blood stasis, detoxifying, relieving pain, and anti-inflammation. PZH has a partial role in suppressing the progression of CRC, while the underlying mechanism is a pending mystery; especially whether PZH mediates the immune escape of CRC remains unclear. Our study reported that PZH suppressed the proliferative activity of CRC by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling to down-regulate the expression of PCNA and Cyclin D1. In addition, PZH suppressed the immune escape of CRC and elevated the infiltration of CD8+ T cells in tumor tissues, which depends on the suppression of PD-L1 levels via inhibiting IFNGR1-JAK1-STAT3-IRF1 signaling. More importantly, PZH pharmacologically elevated the antitumor efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy as demonstrated by slower tumor growth, higher infiltration and function of CD8+ T cells in the combination of PZH and PD-1/PD-L1 antibody compared with monotherapy with either agent. These results demonstrate that PZH has the potential role in inhibiting CRC proliferation and immune evasion, especially the synergistic enhancement effect of PZH on immunotherapy.
Potential Advances of Adjunctive Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Infective Endocarditis

Patients with infective endocarditis (IE) form a heterogeneous group by age, co-morbidities and severity ranging from stable patients to patients with life-threatening complications with need for intensive care. A large proportion need surgical intervention. In-hospital mortality is 15-20%. The concept of using hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in other severe bacterial infections has been used for many decades supported by various preclinical and clinical studies. However, the availability and capacity of HBOT may be limited for clinical practice and we still lack well-designed studies documenting clinical efficacy. In the present review we highlight the potential beneficial aspects of adjunctive HBOT in patients with IE. Based on the pathogenesis and pathophysiological conditions of IE, we here summarize some of the important mechanisms and effects by HBOT in relation to infection and inflammation in general. In details, we elaborate on the aspects and impact of HBOT in relation to the host response, tissue hypoxia, biofilm, antibiotics and pathogens. Two preclinical (animal) studies have shown beneficial effect of HBOT in IE, but so far, no clinical study has evaluated the feasibility of HBOT in IE. New therapeutic options in IE are much needed and adjunctive HBOT might be a therapeutic option in certain IE patients to decrease morbidity and mortality and improve the long-term outcome of this severe disease.
Modes of Brain Cell Death Following Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating form of stroke with high rates of mortality and morbidity. It induces cell death that is responsible for neurological deficits postinjury. There are no therapies that effectively mitigate cell death to treat ICH. This review aims to summarize our knowledge of ICH-induced cell death with a focus on apoptosis and necrosis. We also discuss the involvement of ICH in recently described modes of cell death including necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, autophagy, and parthanatos. We summarize treatment strategies to mitigate brain injury based on particular cell death pathways after ICH.