Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF NITROGEN DISSOLUTION IN METHANE- ETHANE MIXTURES UNDER TITAN SURFACE CONDITIONS

Introduction: Besides Earth, Titan is the only known planetary body with a thick nitrogen (N2) atmosphere, and stable liquids on its surface. Titan’s nitrogen atmosphere and smaller atmospheric constituent, methane (CH4), allow the surface to have a methane hydrologic cycle [1] and the minor presence of ethane (C2H6), through methane photolysis [2]. These processes create stable mixture lakes of methane and ethane on Titan’s surface [2]. The exact concentration of methane and ethane in these lakes is under debate. This is due to the lack of experimental data regarding surface temperature and pressure conditions, causing the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters to be uncertain [3]. This study uses previous data [3, 4], as well as new experiments to determine the solubility of N2 in liquid hydrocarbons under Titan surface, cryogenic conditions. These results are important for thermodynamic modeling but also to understand the behavior of these lakes with respect to various processes like evaporation or freezing. Methods: The experiments were conducted at the University of Arkansas in a Titan surface simulation chamber [5]. This chamber retains temperature of ~94K and pressure of 1.5 bar using liquid nitrogen and nitrogen gas, respectively. The sample is condensed to liquid phase directly from a gaseous phase and is expelled onto a petri dish connected to a hanging electronic balance. The mass and temperature is then continuously recorded for the duration of the experiment. In this analysis, previous evaporation data obtained for pure CH4 [3] and C2H6-CH4 mixtures [4], and new experimental data acquired for pure CH4, are used. This study focuses on the initial plateau section of the mass conservation curves (Fig. 1), where N2 dissolution is expected [4]. N2 dissolution is then estimated from the horizontal plateau, created by the mass balance between CH4 evaporation and N2 dissolution (Fig. 1A). During this plateau section, it is assumed that CH4 evaporates with the same rate over the duration of the experiments. Then, pure methane and mixture evaporation rates were determined from a least-square fit to the steady-state portion of the mass vs. time curves [3, 4] (Fig. 1A). The deviation from this initial evaporation rate (the plateau section) gives the theoretical amount of N2 dissolved (Fig. 1B). Figure 1: Experimental data for pure methane. A. Mass versus time showing the plateau zone after CH4 pour, from 0 to 2000 seconds followed by the steady-state evaporation. B. Data expressed in Part A after linear correction for the steady-state evaporation. The increase of mass during the plateau zone is attributed to the dissolution of N2 in liquid methane. [6]
Effect of low temperature culture on the biological characteristics and aggressiveness of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Sclerotinia minor

Sunflower White Mold caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Sclerotinia minor is a devastating disease worldwide. To investigate the effect of low temperature (4 °C) on biological characteristics and aggressiveness of isolates of the two species, which were collected from the same field in Baiyinchagan, Inner Mongolia, their mycelial growth rate, oxalic acid secretion level and polygalacturonase activity were compared under normal culture temperature (23 °C) and low temperature (4 °C). Aggressiveness was also evaluated on detached leaves by inoculating the isolates produced in both temperatures. The results suggested that culture of isolates at 4 °C not only promoted mycelial growth, but also enhanced secretion of oxalic acid and polygalacturonase activity of both S. sclerotiorum and S. minor isolates compared to that cultured at 23 °C. Additionally, the corresponding aggressiveness of tested isolates of the two species also increased after culture at 4 °C. However, S. sclerotiorum always showed faster mycelial growth, higher oxalic acid levels and greater polygalacturonase activity than S. minor at both 23 °C and 4 °C, indicating that S. sclerotiorum is generally the more aggressive species than S. minor.
Knl1 participates in spindle assembly checkpoint signaling in maize

Significance The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) signaling controls the attachments of kinetochores to spindle microtubules rigorously. However, how SAC proteins connect to the kinetochores is largely unknown in plants. Here, we identified the constitutive component of the central kinetochore protein Knl1 in maize and revealed a conserved function of Knl1 in cell division. A helical conformation with hydrophobic amino acids in the middle of a Knl1 protein was involved in the recruitment of an SAC protein, which is different from the Mps1-mediated phosphorylation of MELT modules that are described in yeast and mammalian cells. This region, detected in maize Knl1, is conserved in monocots but displays high divergence in eudicots, suggesting distinct kinetochore architectures with SAC signaling in plant lineages. The Knl1-Mis12-Ndc80 (KMN) network is an essential component of the kinetochore–microtubule attachment interface, which is required for genomic stability in eukaryotes. However, little is known about plant Knl1 proteins because of their complex evolutionary history. Here, we cloned the Knl1 homolog from maize (Zea mays) and confirmed it as a constitutive central kinetochore component. Functional assays demonstrated their conserved role in chromosomal congression and segregation during nuclear division, thus causing defective cell division during kernel development when Knl1 transcript was depleted. A 145 aa region in the middle of maize Knl1, that did not involve the MELT repeats, was associated with the interaction of spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) components Bub1/Mad3 family proteins 1 and 2 (Bmf1/2) but not with the Bmf3 protein. They may form a helical conformation with a hydrophobic interface with the TPR domain of Bmf1/2, which is similar to that of vertebrates. However, this region detected in monocots shows extensive divergence in eudicots, suggesting that distinct modes of the SAC to kinetochore connection are present within plant lineages. These findings elucidate the conserved role of the KMN network in cell division and a striking dynamic of evolutionary patterns in the SAC signaling and kinetochore network.
Occurrence of Cassava Mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Pseudococcidae: Hemiptera), A New Invasive Pest on Cassava in India and Prospects for its Classical Biological Control

M. Sampathkumar, M. Mohan*, A. N. Shylesha, Sunil Joshi, T. Venkatesan, Ankita Gupta, S. Vennila, S. R. Venkatachalam, M. Vijayakumar, Madhu Subramanian, M. Yoganayagi, T. R. Ashika and N. Bakthavatsalam ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560 024, India ICAR-National Centre for Integrated Pest Management, New Delhi 110 102, India Tapioca and Castor Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Yethapur 636 119, India Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Sandhiyur 636 204, India Directorate of Research, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur 680 656, India State Department of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu, Senthamangalam 637 409, India
Asymmetric Motives and Value Creation: A Conceptual Model

Joint Ventures (JVs) have interested management scholars for over three decades. JVs have been examined through various theoretical lenses not only in longitudinal perspective but also across diverse geographic and industrial domains. Extant research on JVs draws primarily on initial conditions and its impact on the JV performance. However, there are certain limitations to these studies. Firstly, these studies have not focused on asymmetric motives of partners. Secondly, although the link between motive of JV and value creation has been established, mediating and moderating role of other factors influencing the relationship has not been explored. Thirdly, extant studies have not integrated the findings to understand the changing dynamics of JV. The aim of this research paper is to explore the forbearing of crossborder joint venture that explains asymmetric motive of partners in JV and establish the mediating and moderating mechanism to explore asymmetric motive and value creation relationship in a JV.
‘One Shot’ Knowledge Transfer: Is It Possible? (Empirical Study on the Indonesian Creative Industry)

Knowledge transfer activities in organisations were fundamental due to their potency to optimize knowledge resources. There are two contradictive opinions about knowledge transfer. Opinion A; knowledge transfer is mentioned as a ‘sticky’ process and it is constrained by differences in understanding of knowledge between the giver and the receiver and this could cause ambiguity. Opinion B; the process of productivity growth and technology diffusion through knowledge transfer is possible to be achieved through a 'one shot' process, which is instant and at low cost. Hence, knowledge transfer can occur directly within the organisation. Trust could act as the key, however, building trust is not a simple matter. Ideally, firms need employees who are fit for purpose and who understand and are complementary to other employees. Person job fit (PJ-Fit) and person organisation fit (PO-Fit) are theories that can explain the conditions under analysis. This research was conducted in the Indonesian SMEs creative industry sector in the Province of Special Region Yogyakarta; Province of Bali and North Sulawesi Province. Two hundred and one data sets were collected and analysed with PLS-SEM. The results showed that PJ-Fit had a positive effect on trust. In turn, trust would affect knowledge transfer. It can be concluded that, to allow employees to spontaneously share their knowledge, a firm needs employees to have knowledge, skill, ability and personality that can be internalized.
Quantifying Carbonyl Sulfide and Other Sulfur-Containing Compounds Over the Santa Barbara Channel

4 INTRODUCTION. 4 Emissions of Sulfur Compounds. 5 Table 1. Summary of the main natural sources of OCS, DMS, and CS2. 6 OCS as a Source of Stratospheric Sulfate Aerosols. 7 Figure 1. Transfer of OCS from troposphere to stratosphere diagram. 8 Figure 2. Summary of the main components of radiative forcing. 9 Objectives of the Study . 9 METHODS. 10 Study Region. 10 Figure 3. Geographic range of research flights during 2016 SARP campaign 11 Data Collection. 11 Figure 4. Whole Air Sampler instrument and modified DC-8 . 12 Figure 5. Sampling locations of all canisters . 12 Figure 6. Surface can sampling sites in Santa Barbara Channel. 13 Sample Analysis. 14 Sample Grouping. 14 Data Analysis. 15 Figure 7. OCS concentration for each sample collected during second flight 16 Figure 8. Three sample groups based on radar altitude. 16 Figure 9. Can samples plotted against acetonitrile concentrations. 17 Table 2. Calculated mixing ratios. 17 Comparison Between SARP Campaigns. 18 Sea Surface Temperature Data. 18 Figure 10. Samples for final analysis and buoy stations . 19 Table 3. Averaged SST data collected from buoy stations for seven years. 20 Statistical Analysis. 20
Higher-Order Growth Curves and Mixture Modeling with Mplus

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Radio interface system planning for GSM/GPRS/UMTS

Preface. 1. Introduction - Radio Propagation Environment. 2. Radio System Planning Process. 3. Configuration Planning and Power Budget. 4. Coverage Planning Criteria. 5. Radio Propagation Prediction. 6. Capacity Planning. 7. Frequency Planning. 8. Optimisation. 9. Radio Network Monitoring. 10. General Packet Radio System (GPRS). 11. Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS). Index.
A calming hug: Design and validation of a tactile aid to ease anxiety

Anxiety disorders affect approximately one third of people during their lifetimes and are the ninth leading cause of global disability. Current treatments focus on therapy and pharmacological interventions. However, therapy is costly and pharmacological interventions often have undesirable side-effects. Healthy people also regularly suffer periods of anxiety. Therefore, a non-pharmacological, intuitive, home intervention would be complementary to other treatments and beneficial for non-clinical groups. Existing at-home anxiety aids, such as guided meditations, typically employ visual and/or audio stimuli to guide the user into a calmer state. However, the tactile sense has the potential to be a more natural modality to target in an anxiety-calming device. The tactile domain is relatively under-explored, but we suggest that there are manifold physiological and affective qualities of touch that lend it to the task. In this study we demonstrate that haptic technology can offer an enjoyable, effective and widely accessible alternative for easing state anxiety. We describe a novel huggable haptic interface that pneumatically simulates slow breathing. We discuss the development of this interface through a focus group evaluating five prototypes with embedded behaviours (‘breathing’, ‘purring’, ‘heartbeat’ and ‘illumination’). Ratings indicated that the ‘breathing’ prototype was most pleasant to interact with and participants described this prototype as ‘calming’ and ‘soothing’, reminding them of a person breathing. This prototype was developed into an ergonomic huggable cushion containing a pneumatic chamber powered by an external pump allowing the cushion to ‘breathe’. A mixed-design experiment (n = 129) inducing anxiety through a group mathematics test found that the device was effective at reducing pre-test anxiety compared to a control (no intervention) condition and that this reduction in anxiety was indistinguishable from that of a guided meditation. Our findings highlight the efficacy of this interface, demonstrating that haptic technologies can be effective at easing anxiety. We suggest that the field should be explored in more depth to capture the nuances of different modalities in relation to specific situations and trait characteristics.
Improving classification results on a small medical dataset using a GAN; An outlook for dealing with rare disease datasets

For clinical decision support systems, automated classification algorithms on medical image data have become more important in the past. For such computer vision problems, deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) have made breakthroughs. These often require large, annotated, and privacy-cleared datasets as a prerequisite for gaining high-quality results. This proves to be difficult with rare diseases due to limited incidences. Therefore, it is hard to sensitize clinical decision support systems to identify these diseases at an early stage. It has been shown several times, that synthetic data can improve the results of clinical decision support systems. At the same time, the greatest problem for the generation of these synthetic images is the data basis. In this paper, we present four different methods to generate synthetic data from a small dataset. The images are from 2D magnetic resonance tomography of the spine. The annotation resulted in 540 healthy, 47 conspicuously non-pathological, and 106 conspicuously pathological vertebrae. Four methods are presented to obtain optimal generation results in each of these classes. The obtained generation results are then evaluated with a classification net. With this procedure, we showed that adding synthetic annotated data has a positive impact on the classification results of the original data. In addition, one of our methods is appropriate to generate synthetic image data from <50 images. Thus, we found a general approach for dealing with small datasets in rare diseases, which can be used to build sensitized clinical decision support systems to detect and treat these diseases at an early stage.
Angpow: a software for the fast computation of accurate tomographic power spectra

The statistical distribution of galaxies is a powerful probe to constrain cosmological models and gravity. In particular the matter power spectrum $P(k)$ brings information about the cosmological distance evolution and the galaxy clustering together. However the building of $P(k)$ from galaxy catalogues needs a cosmological model to convert angles on the sky and redshifts into distances, which leads to difficulties when comparing data with predicted $P(k)$ from other cosmological models, and for photometric surveys like LSST. The angular power spectrum $C_\ell(z_1,z_2)$ between two bins located at redshift $z_1$ and $z_2$ contains the same information than the matter power spectrum, is free from any cosmological assumption, but the prediction of $C_\ell(z_1,z_2)$ from $P(k)$ is a costly computation when performed exactly. The Angpow software aims at computing quickly and accurately the auto ($z_1=z_2$) and cross ($z_1 \neq z_2$) angular power spectra between redshift bins. We describe the developed algorithm, based on developments on the Chebyshev polynomial basis and on the Clenshaw-Curtis quadrature method. We validate the results with other codes, and benchmark the performance. Angpow is flexible and can handle any user defined power spectra, transfer functions, and redshift selection windows. The code is fast enough to be embedded inside programs exploring large cosmological parameter spaces through the $C_\ell(z_1,z_2)$ comparison with data. We emphasize that the Limber's approximation, often used to fasten the computation, gives wrong $C_\ell$ values for cross-correlations.
On residually finite generalized free products

Let S = A B be a nontrivial generalized free product of the groups A and B with amalgamated subgroup U and suppose A and B are residually finite groups. Baumslag [1] has given conditions sufficient for S =A *B to itself be residually finite and these have been used to investigate the residual finiteness of S by Baumslag [1] and Dyer [21, when the factors A and B of S are assumed to satisfy certain additional properties. The question then arises as to the necessity of these conditions. It is shown here that Baumslag's conditions are in fact necessary, provided A and B satisfy suitable identical relations. A group G is residually finite if there exists a set { GiilI} of normal subgroups of G such that G/Gi is finite for each ifI and ntez Gi =1; the set {GiiI} is called afilter of G [I1. Baumslag has shown
Improving Osteosarcoma Treatment: Comparative Oncology in Action

Osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most common pediatric malignant bone tumor. Although surgery together with neoadjuvant/adjuvant chemotherapy has improved survival for localized OSA, most patients develop recurrent/metastatic disease with a dismally poor outcome. Therapeutic options have not improved for these OSA patients in recent decades. As OSA is a rare and “orphan” tumor, with no distinct targetable driver antigens, the development of new efficient therapies is still an unmet and challenging clinical need. Appropriate animal models are therefore critical for advancement in the field. Despite the undoubted relevance of pre-clinical mouse models in cancer research, they present some intrinsic limitations that may be responsible for the low translational success of novel therapies from the pre-clinical setting to the clinic. From this context emerges the concept of comparative oncology, which has spurred the study of pet dogs as a uniquely valuable model of spontaneous OSA that develops in an immune-competent system with high biological and clinical similarities to corresponding human tumors, including in its metastatic behavior and resistance to conventional therapies. For these reasons, the translational power of studies conducted on OSA-bearing dogs has seen increasing recognition. The most recent and relevant veterinary investigations of novel combinatorial approaches, with a focus on immune-based strategies, that can most likely benefit both canine and human OSA patients have been summarized in this commentary.
The least nonzero digit of n! in base 12

We positively answer a question raised by the first author and prove that, for 1 ≤ a ≤ 11, the sequence {n : `12(n! ) = a} has an asymptotic density, which is 1/2 if a = 4 or a = 8 and 0 otherwise; here `b(m) denotes the least nonzero digit of m in base b.
Use of Gamification in Primary and Secondary Education: A Systematic Literature Review

Gamification in education refers to the application of game design elements and game principles in teaching with the goal of increasing students’ motivation and engagement, which contributes to more successful achievement of learning outcomes. Gamification can be used in education at different levels, from primary and secondary schools to universities and adult education. An analysis of the literature on the use of gamification in education has shown that it is more common in university education and less common in primary and secondary schools. Nonetheless, experience shows that games and numerous digital tools are successfully used in schools for the purpose of gamification, although this is generally not supported by the relevant research published in the papers. The research presented in this paper represents a systematic review of the literature on relevant research on the use of gamification in primary and secondary schools to explore the field and make recommendations for future research. The conclusion is that research on gamification should continue to suggest appropriate pedagogical and technological frameworks which would facilitate the use of gamification in schools by teachers.