Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High genetic diversity and strong genetic structure of Strongyllodes variegatus (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) demonstrate the population history of its distribution in oilseed rape production areas in China

Background: Strongyllodes variegatus (Fairmaire) is a major insect pest of oilseed rape in China. Despite its economic importance, the contribution of its population genetics in the development of suitable protection control strategy for oilseed rape crops is poorlys tudied. Using the sequences mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI ) and cytochrome b (Cytb ) as genetic markers, we analyzed population genetic diversity and structure of 437 individuals collected from 15 S. variegates populations located in different oilseed rape production areas in China. In addition, we estimated the demographic history using neutrality test and mismatch distribution analysis. Results: The high level of genetic diversity was detected among the COI and Cytb sequences of S. variegates . The population structure analysis strongly suggested three distinct genetic and geographical regions in China with limited gene flow. The Mantel test showed that the genetic distance was greatly influenced by the geographical distance. The demographic analyses showed that S. variegates experienced population fluctuation during the Pleistocene Epoch, which was likely to be related to the climatic changes. Conclusion: Overall, these results demonstrate that the strong population genetic structure of S. variegates in China may is attributed to the isolation through the geographical distance among populations, their weak flight capacity and subsequently adaptation to the regional ecological conditions.
Implementation of adaptive fault‐tolerant tracking control for robot manipulators with integral sliding mode

This article presents an adaptive fault‐tolerant tracking control for uncertain robot manipulators. By fully considering the effects of uncertainties and actuator effectiveness faults, an integral sliding manifold with a novel auxiliary function is first proposed for tracking control of robot manipulators. Then, a novel fault‐tolerant tracking control based on the proposed integral sliding manifold is developed to acquire robustness in both reaching and sliding phase. In order to further reduce the effects of uncertainties on tracking performance, an adaptive law is performed to estimate unknown parameters of the upper bounded uncertainties, which further reduces the control torque input in case of the similar tracking performance. The stability of the proposed approaches is accomplished by Lyapunov stable theory and homogeneous technique. The key contributions of the proposed approach are as follows: (i) the reaching phase of sliding mode control is removed completely in the control design and then the tracking system enters the sliding mode from the initial states; (ii) the nominal control term is eliminated in the design of integral sliding surface and then the algebraic loop problem is also avoided in the proposed approach for robot manipulators; (iii) the simple control structure with an adaptive law is obtained better tracking performance by utilizing lower control torque input and then the effects of time‐delay and computational burden are also restrained from the proposed approach. Simulation and experimental comparisons have been accomplished for verifying the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
ASSESSMENT OF HEAD-INJURED AIRCREW: COMPARISON OF FAA AND USAF PROCEDURES

The Federal Aviation Administration and the United States Air Force are similarly charged with determining whether aviators who have sustained head injuries are medically qualified to return to flying. The purpose of this paper is to first explain the major differences in missions between the USAF and the FAA, and then outline these procedures and rules, note their similarities and differences, address the strengths and weaknesses of each approach, and discuss the possible reconciliation of these differences. Finally, brief case material are presented to illustrate both evaluation methods.
Using of Spatial Problem Based Learning (SPBL) model in geography education for developing critical thinking skills

2149-360X/ © 2020 The Authors. Published by Young Wise Pub. Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license Geography education in the 21st century will require students to think critically to prepare themselves for the dynamic changes in the world in the future. It discusses the ability to think critically in orienting, analyzing, and solving problems with a spatial perspective is one of the fundamental abilities that must be supported by geography students. The spatial problem-based learning model (SPBL) has been developed by Silviariza & Handoyo (2020). This study aims to explore the spatial problem-based learning model of students' critical thinking skills. This study uses a quasi-experimental design with control and experimental groups. The study was conducted at the Department of Geography, State University of Malang. Participants in this study were students of Geography Education Study Program semester 3 with an average age range of 19 years. The control class offers A with 38 students consisting of 16 boys and 22 girls. While the experimental class offered K with 40 students consisting of 12 boys and 28 girls. Data collection is carried out after implementation with the SPBL model. Data obtained from the pretest and posttest activities in the control class and experiment with question sheets that were questioned on the matter of modification expertise from Ennis (2011). Furthermore, an independent sample t-test was conducted to analyze the data using SPSS for Windows version 23. The conclusion of the analysis shows a positive model of spatial problem based learning (SPBL) in Geography education to develop critical thinking skills. Thus, the results of this study can be used as valid data which proves that the Spatial Problem Based Learning Model as one of the learning models in Geography education and can be used by Geography teachers to improve students' critical thinking skills.
Características estructurales de los depósitos vetiformes La Ye y Mangos, Distrito Minero El Bagre (Antioquia, Colombia)

Las minas La Ye y Mangos, se encuentran localizadas en la parte norte de la Cordillera Central de Colombia, al noreste del departamento de Antioquia, en el municipio de Zaragoza y al interior del Distrito Minero El Bagre (DMB). Estas minas subterráneas, son depósitos vetiformes de Au-Ag hospedados en una zona de cizalla sinestral-inversa al interior de rocas graníticas Carboníferas del stock El Carmen. Con la integración de características estructurales (fallas de carácter regional, local, estructuras vetiformes, zonas de cizalla y la estructura combinada entre la veta y la cizalla), se determinó una tendencia general NNW-SSE con buzamientos entre 60°-70°SW para la veta La Ye y una tendencia general NNW-SSE con buzamientos entre 30°-40°NE para la veta Mangos. Adicionalmente, con base en los tensores de esfuerzos calculados a partir del procesamiento sistematizado de planos de falla y superficies estriadas, y desde las relaciones de corte de las principales fallas, se identificaron al menos tres eventos deformativos: D1 correspondiente a una transpresión sinestral NWW-SEE pre-mineralización, D2 asociado a una transpresión dextral NNE-SSW y D3 vinculado a una transpresión sinestral NW-SE que generó espacios dilatacionales propicios para la circulación de fluidos mineralizantes.
Herbicide practices in hardwood plantings

Control of competing vegetation is an important early cultural practice that can improve survival and vigor in hardwood tree plantings. The type of program used depends on landowner objectives, species of weeds present, equipment available, and types of herbicides available. Pre-planting planning can greatly increase effectiveness of an herbicide program for the first several critical years. Basic knowledge of weed species, herbicide modes of action, calibration of equipment, and herbicides available is essential to having an effective program. Although there have been few changes in the types of herbicide available in recent years, a couple of new labels have expanded the options for controlling weeds in hardwood tree plantings.
Nuevos dispositivos fotónicos basados en la EIT

All optical devices are very important for developing new optical communications systems and in photonic processing. Electromagnetic Induced Transparency (EIT) is a new optical effect and makes it possible new non linear effects in materials with interactions between three or more atomic levels. In this work, a study of this new kind of interaction in three level system media is presented. Its potential applications in devices like optical wavelength converters, optical switchers, optical memories, optical routers and optical filters, that can be implemented by means of different optical structures and materials, are also presented. These photonic devices could use low level power pumping.
A series of methods for the systematic reduction of phishing

Phishing continues to expand as efforts to thwart attacks are ineffective and criminals behind these scams operate with apparent impunity. In order to address both issues, this research provides three steps towards the reduction of phishing: identifying phishing websites, collecting phishing evidence, and correlating the phishing incidents. The first step is to identify phishing websites automatically. Experimental results demonstrate that content-based algorithms can classify phishing websites with greater than 90% detection rates while maintaining low false-positive rates. Next, the development of custom software collects additional information and evidence about these phishing websites. In the final step, this research offers two novel algorithms to be employed as clustering metrics for phishing website content. The three steps in this research reduce phishing by blocking potential victims from the malicious content through email filters and browser-based toolbars, gathering evidence against the criminal(s) that is usable by incident investigators, and revealing relationships between phishing websites that can provide investigators with deeper knowledge of phishing activity and thus help to prioritize their apparently, limited resources.
On pension liabilities in Italy

Abstract We discuss alternative definitions of pension liabilities and provide estimates for Italy under two of these definitions; the effects on such variables of the 1992 pension reform are considered. We also build and comment on a regional disaggregation of social security wealth (SSW): in particular we find some evidence suggesting that, as a whole, the Italian pension system has reduced the concentration of wealth among regions; if old age pensions alone are considered, this result is reversed.
Cell cycle regulation of DNA mismatch repair protein expression and activity at the H-ras oncogenic hot spot

Cell Cycle Regulation of DNA Mismatch Repair Protein Expression and Activity at the H-ras Oncogenic Hot Spot Submitted by: Michael Edelbrock In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biomedical Sciences Examination Committee Major Advisor: Kandace Williams, Ph.D. Randall Ruch, Ph.D. Douglas L. Pittman, Ph.D. James P. Trempe, Ph.D. Academic Advisory Committee:
Biomimetic silicification to mimic 3d ornate diatom structures - a myth or a reality?

The intricate, hierarchical and exquisite biosilica structures formed by diatoms have generated great interest in the scientific community, especially among material scientists to understand the process of biosilicification in nature. Although this quest has driven them to understand and replicate the biosilicification process in the laboratories via biomimetics, it has yet been met with rather limited success. The research over the last decade has provided us with significant understanding of the biomolecules involved in the biosilicification process, however the ability to mimic the complexity of the 3D ornate diatomaceous structures is still an open challenge. This has led to the belief that the physico-chemical environment surrounding diatoms might play an additional but critical role towards attaining specific morphologies in different diatomaceous species. In the current study, we demonstrate this proof-of-concept by using amino acids as catalyst/template towards attaining complex diatom-like morphology under biomimetic conditions in ionic liquids as well as gaining insight on the biosilicification process.
Synchronous Use of Paper by Co-Located Friends

The results of a study into co-located friends’ use of paper for a text based and a graphics based task, are presented. The results illustrate how diverse such usage is, and we look at space, ownership, and roles to demonstrate this. The study shows that people will simultaneously input into the same text document or drawing surface when the technology (in this case paper) allows them to.
An Integrated Testing Facility for the Global Trigger of the CMS Experiment at CERN

This review is devoted to the study of the mechanism of electroweak symmetry breaking and this first part focuses on the Higgs particle of the Standard Model. The fundamental properties of the Higgs boson are reviewed and its decay modes and production mechanisms at hadron colliders and at future lepton colliders are described in detail. Z t t ZZ WW gg s s b b BR(H) MH [GeV℄ 1000 700 500 300 200 160 130 100 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.0001 t tH ZH WH Hqq gg ! H mt = 178 GeV MRST/NLO ps = 14 TeV (pp! H +X) [pb℄ MH [GeV℄ 1000 100 100 10 1 0.1 HHZ Ht t He+e HZ H ps = 500 GeV (e+e ! HX) [fb℄ MH [GeV℄ 500 300 200 160 130 100 100 10 1 0.1 The decay branching ratios of the Standard Model Higgs boson and its production cross sections in the main channels at the LHC and at a 500 GeV e+e− collider. Figure 2.6: Decay branching ratios (left) and pro uction cross section (right) of a Standard Model Higgs boson at the LHC [7]. (indicating mH ≥ 114.4 GeV). Tantalizingly, when trying to extract the value of the Higgs mass from its influence on precision electroweak measurements, the greatest likelihood is likewise found at mH = 114 +69 −45 GeV. Multiple theoretical considerations provide upper bounds of about mH < 700 GeV, making a discovery at the LHC appear likely. Recent results from the Tevatron experiments also seem to exclude a region around mH = 160 GeV [6]. Higgs Boson Production Figure 2.6 shows the dominant production cross sections for a Standard Model Higgs boson at the LHC. Gluon fusion produces a Higgs boson from a QCD process involving a virtual heavy quark. This is a favored process because the coupling between the Higgs field and the fermionic fields of the quarks in the colliding protons is proportional to the mass of the quarks. As the colliding protons predominantly contain very light quarks, the direct production of a Higgs boson from their interaction is unlikely. However, approximately half of the colliding particles’ momentum is actually contained in gluons, which can decay to quark pairs. With copious available energy (as in the LHC design case), this process also contributes for the heavy quarks with their stronger coupling to the Higgs field, leading to a strong contribution for Higgs production for the whole mH range [8]. Vector boson fusion produces a Higgs boson from the interaction of two vector bosons as shown in Fig. 2.7. Its cross section is about an order of magnitude smaller than that of the gluon fusion process. Associated production with vector bosons occurs when two incoming quarks annihilate to produce a vector boson that is energetic enough to “radiate” a Higgs boson. Associated production with heavy quarks can principally be caused by incoming quarks or gluons, but is dominated by gluons at LHC energies due to the considerations mentioned above. The only final states with relevant cross sections are those that produce a tt̄ or a bb̄ pair in addition
What are syndication feeds

When you enter the world of syndicated content, you're often faced with the question of what is the "proper" way to do syndication. While syndication feeds have become a standard tool on the Web--you've seen their signposts: a little orange button labeled XML in white letters, or maybe buttons that say Atom, RSS 2.0, RSS 1.0, or even Feed--it is important that your syndication feed be an extension of your site. It should reflect your interests, your concerns, and your choices. This edoc will help you learn about these pervasive little blobs of XML markup: their purpose, the elements that make up a feed, the different formats, and the tools for generating and consuming feeds. The tutorial starts with a succinct description of what a feed really is, then it covers:What Makes Up a Feed: A look at the common container and entry elements for a feed, and what they do.Industry Support: An overview of the major players and tools for syndication feeds.Discovering Feeds: How to make your site easy to subscribe to.Subscribing To and Reading Feeds: A look at various aggregators and how to use them.Which Feeds Work Best for You: Should you use RSS 1.0, RSS 2.0, or Atom? Or all of them? Here's how to decide.This tutorial will help you get your syndication feed up and running, so you can then forget about it and focus instead on what's really important at your site: the content you are providing to the world.
A Review on Textile Wastewater Characterization in Bangladesh

The textile and apparel industries in Bangladesh are playing an utmost important role offering tremendous opportunities for the economy of Bangladesh. But, hasty and unplanned clustered growth of industries leads to adverse environmental consequence in an alarming way. This work is aimed at giving emphasis on the present pollution scenario in Bangladesh due to textile effluent. The liquid effluents from industries are causing major havoc to the environment, ecology, agriculture, aquaculture and public health since the development of textile industries in the country. In this paper, effluent characterization results of last ten years (2005-2014) are focused. We found physicochemical parameters of Textile effluents in Bangladesh as, Temperature (25-65°C), pH (3.9-14), TDS (90.7 - 5980 mg/L), DO (0-7 mg/L), COD (41-2430 mg/L), BOD (10 - 786 mg/L), TSS (24.9 - 3950 mg/L) and EC (250-63750μS/cm) from 2005 to 2014. From the available data originated from the study depicts the present pollution scenario in Bangladesh with tremendous violation of laws to meet requirement of waste discharge quality standards. Now it has become a prerequisite to set up ETP in each industrial establishment, particularly at dyeing industries that were discharging huge amount of liquid waste to the rivers every day.
Measurements of Attenuation and Talk-through Amplification for Two Communications Headset Candidates for the Helmet Electronics and Display System-Upgradeable Protection (HEaDS-UP) Army Technology Objective (ATO)

Abstract : Two tactical communication and protection systems (TCAPS) prototypes were developed for the Helmet Electronics and Display System-Upgradeable Protection (HEaDS-UP) Army Technology Objective (ATO). Attenuation measurements were made for the candidate systems in each of three configurations: in-the-ear (ITE), circumaural, and both (double). Features in the data obtained with the KEMAR auditory test fixture led to additional measurement using a G.R. A.S. hearing protector test fixture type 45CA, but neither set of measurements showed significant differences between the two candidates; in the second set of measurements, two Combat Vehicle Crewmember (CVC) headset variants were included for comparison purposes. The ITE configuration of the candidate systems compared well with that of the CVC in terms of attenuation and reliability. Measurements were also made of the noise levels transmitted by the talk-through microphones. The levels of sound measured for steady-state noise were well above 85 dB A-wtd, suggesting that the trigger mechanism for transmission shut-off is not triggered by steady-state noise and that users need to be trained to shut off the talk-through when exposed to vehicle and other steady-state noise for longer periods of time.
Mixed-Signal Distributed Feature Extraction for Classification of Wide-Band Acoustic Signals on Sensor Networks

This thesis proposes a distributed/collaborative scheme for the classification of wide-band acoustic events within the context wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The proposed method is characterized by a mixed-signal processing scheme for the extraction of feature vectors which reduces the processing, memory allocation, and power requirements of the sensor nodes. The mixed-signal scheme assumes that nodes have an analog frontend consisting of a microphone, a bandpass filter, a squaring element and an integrator. This chain of components produces an estimate of the energy over the frequency subband extracted by the filter. The WSN has the ability to form a distributed filter bank where a set of nodes self-organize to capture an acoustic signal (or event) across non-overlapping contiguous frequency subbands. The group of subbands resemble the frequency decomposition of a discrete wavelet packet transform (DWPT). The analog energy estimates are digitized (i.e., sampled) at a very low sampling rate (e.g., one sample per second), reducing the overall power, memory and processing requirements of the WSN. The energy measurements are relayed to a concentrator node where they are grouped to form a feature vector that serves as a signature for the acoustic event. The feature vectors can then be used with a statistical pattern classifier to identify the class to which the event belongs. We used a database of five acoustic classes: birds, explosions, cars, conversation and footsteps. The k-NN classifier, a back-propagation artificial neural network and a radial-basis function support vector machine (RBF-SVM) were evaluated against the dataset. An all-digital reference system was implemented using signals sampled at 44.1 KHz with a DWPT front end. Feature vectors were produced using subband energies and classified with the same pattern classifiers. Both systems were simulated in MATLAB using an eight-band filter bank. Simulations show that the proposed distributed mixed-signal solution performs as well as the all-digital system with 77.7% and 75.7% respectively for the RBF-SVM classifier.
A Key Redistribution Method for Enhancing Energy Efficiency in Dynamic Filtering based Sensor Networks

In wireless sensor networks application, sensor nodes are randomly deployed in wide and opened environment typically. Since sensor networks have these features, it is vulnerable to physical attacks in which an adversary can capture deployed nodes and use them to inject a fabricated report into the network. This threats of network security deplete the limited energy resource of the entire network using injected fabricated reports. A dynamic en-route filtering scheme is proposed to detect and drop the injected fabricated report. In this scheme, node executes the key redistribution to increases the detection power. It is very important to decide the authentication key redistribution because a frequent key redistribution can cause the much energy consumption of nodes. In this paper, we propose a key redistribution determining method to enhance the energy efficiency and maintain the detection power of network. Each node decides the authentication key redistribution using a fuzzy system in a definite period. The proposed method can provide early detection of fabricated reports, which results in energy-efficiency against the massive fabricated report injection attacks.