Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pollution control for switching diffusion models: Approximation methods and numerical results

This work focuses on optimal pollution controls. The main effort is devoted to obtaining approximation methods for optimal pollution control. To take into consideration of random environment and other random factors, the control system is formulated as a controlled switching diffusion. Markov chain approximation techniques are used to design the computational schemes. Convergence of the algorithms are obtained. To demonstrate, numerical experimental results are presented. A particular feature is that computation using real data sets is provided.
Fingerprinting low-frequency Last Millennium temperature variability in forced and unforced climate models

Constraining unforced and forced climate variability impacts interpretations of past climate variations and predictions of future warming. However, comparing General Circulation Models (GCMs) and Last Millennium Holocene hydroclimate proxies reveals significant mismatches between simulated and reconstructed low-frequency variability at multi-decadal and longer timescales. This mismatch suggests that existing simulations underestimate either external or internal drivers of climate variability. In addition, large differences arise across GCMs in both the magnitude and spatial pattern of low-frequency climate variability. Dynamical understanding of forced and unforced variability is expected to contribute to improved interpretations of paleoclimate variability. To that end, we develop a framework for fingerprinting spatiotemporal patterns of temperature variability in forced and unforced simulations. This framework relies on two frequency-dependent metrics: (1) degrees of freedom (≡N) and (2) spatial coherence. First, we use N and spatial coherence to characterize variability across a suite of both pre-industrial control (unforced) and last-millennium (forced) GCM simulations. Overall, we find that, at low frequencies and when forcings are added, regional independence in the climate system decreases, reflected in fewer N and higher coherence between local and global-mean surface-temperature. We then present a simple three-box moist-static-energy-balance model for temperature variability, which is able to emulate key frequency-dependent behavior in the GCMs. This suggests that temperature variability in the GCM ensemble can be understood through Earth’s energy budget and down-gradient energy transport, and allows us to identify sources of polar-amplified variability. Finally, we discuss insights the three-box model can provide into model-to-model GCM differences.
Role of Capital Structure in Firm Performance and Capital Structure: A Quantitative Research (2021)

The intricate connection between capital structure and firm performance, shedding light on the optimal decisions pertaining to capital structure that can bolster a company's competitiveness and profitability. By harnessing an extensive dataset encompassing publicly traded enterprises across diverse industries and employing sophisticated statistical methodologies. The complex relationship between capital structure and key performance indicators. It becomes apparent that an ideal capital structure lies in striking a harmonious balance between debt and equity financing, thereby maximizing profitability while minimizing financial risk. Armed with a deep understanding of the intricate nexus between capital structure and firm performance, managers can deftly allocate financial resources and optimize their capital mix, ultimately fortifying their competitive edge and ensuring long-term sustainability. The researcher had considered people from organizations to know the role of capital structure in firm performance and capital structure and found that capital structure covers procuring funds from external sources like issuing bonds or getting loans and allow companies to optimize their cost of capital and enhance their financial performance metrics.
Exploring Motivational Beliefs and Self-Regulated Learning Strategies in Learning among Undergraduates

The massive unplanned transition from traditional learning to an exclusively online learning setup, and then back to face-to-face classrooms resulted in students’ learning strategies and motivations. Within this context, the present study aimed to explore perception of learners who have had the experience of this transition, on their learning strategies. This is specifically to identify how the learners’ m otivational beliefs and self-regulated learning strategies influence their learning process. This quantitative study is derived from a conceptual framework from Pintrich & DeGroot (1990), in which it is believed that learners who employ self-regulated strategies are known to practise some factors of motivational beliefs. The sample of this study consists of 51 Part 2 and Part 3 ESL undergraduates in a public university. The data was attained from an online survey questionnaire consisting of 4 sections, mainly on motivational beliefs and self-regulated beliefs. The instrument used is a 5-point Likert-scale survey, rooted from Pintrich & DeGroot (1990) to obtain the variables. From the findings, it can be concluded that the learning strategies from students of the post-Covid-19 pandemic are highly influenced by motivational beliefs and self-regulated learning strategies among diploma students. This can be seen by the high mean scores from the suggested Pintrich & DeGroot (1990) framework, which includes motivational factors such as (i) self-efficacy, (ii)intrinsic value and (iii) test anxiety. These factors indirectly influence their self-regulated learning strategies in terms of (i) cognitive strategy use, and (ii) self-regulation. From these findings, interve ntions to improve students’ academic performance should focus not only on boosting their motivation but also on enhancing their self-regulated learning strategies.
Thrombin Cleavage of Osteopontin and the Host Anti-Tumor Immune Response

Simple Summary Osteopontin (OPN) is a protein produced by immune cells, as well as many other cell types including tumor cells, that is highly modified with sugars and phosphates. OPN binds to receptors present on many cell types including cancer and immune cells and causes those cells to change properties. OPN is increased in the blood of cancer patients. OPN can be cut by thrombin, the major enzyme responsible for blood clotting, into two fragments that have different properties from intact OPN. These fragments suppress the host’s immune response to cancer, allowing the cancer to grow faster and to metastasize. Abstract Osteopontin (OPN) is a multi-functional protein that is involved in various cellular processes such as cell adhesion, migration, and signaling. There is a single conserved thrombin cleavage site in OPN that, when cleaved, yields two fragments with different properties from full-length OPN. In cancer, OPN has tumor-promoting activity and plays a role in tumor growth and metastasis. High levels of OPN expression in cancer cells and tumor tissue are found in various types of cancer, including breast, lung, prostate, ovarian, colorectal, and pancreatic cancer, and are associated with poor prognosis and decreased survival rates. OPN promotes tumor progression and invasion by stimulating cell proliferation and angiogenesis and also facilitates the metastasis of cancer cells to other parts of the body by promoting cell adhesion and migration. Furthermore, OPN contributes to immune evasion by inhibiting the activity of immune cells. Thrombin cleavage of OPN initiates OPN’s tumor-promoting activity, and thrombin cleavage fragments of OPN down-regulate the host immune anti-tumor response.
CD93 overexpresses in liver hepatocellular carcinoma and represents a potential immunotherapy target

Background Liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) is one of the malignant tumors with high incidence as well as high death, which is ranked as the sixth most common tumor and the third highest mortality worldwide. CD93, a transmembrane protein, has been widely reported to play an important role in different types of diseases, including many types of cancer by mainly functioning in extracellular matrix formation and vascular maturation. However, there are few researches focusing on the role and potential function of CD93 in LIHC. Methods In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the relationship between CD93 and LIHC. We not only discovered transcriptional expression of CD93 in LIHC by using the TIMER, GEPIA and UALCAN database, but also performed WB and IHC to verify the protein expression of CD93 in LIHC. Meantime, Kaplan-Meier Plotter Database Analysis were used to assess the prognosis of CD93 in LIHC. After knowing close correlation between CD93 expression and LIHC, there were STRING, GeneMania and GO and KEGG enrichment analyses to find how CD93 functions in LIHC. We further applied CIBERSORT Algorithm to explore the correlation between CD93 and immune cells and evaluate prognostic value of CD93 based on them in LIHC patients. Results The transcriptional and protein expression of CD93 were both obviously increased in LIHC by above methods. There was also a significant and close correlation between the expression of CD93 and the prognosis of LIHC patients by using Kaplan-Meier Analysis, which showed that LIHC patients with elevated expression of CD93 were associated with a predicted poor prognosis. We found that the functions of CD93 in different cancers are mainly related to Insulin like growth factor binding protein 7 Gene (IGFBP7)/CD93 pathway via STRING, GeneMania and functional enrichment analyses. Further, our data obtained from CIBERSORT Algorithm suggested CD93 was also associated with the immune response. There is a close positive correlation between CD93 expression and the infiltration levels of all six types of immune cells (B cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells). Importantly, CD93 can affect the prognosis of patients with LIHC partially due to immune infiltration. Conclusion Our results demonstrated CD93 may be a candidate predictor of clinical prognosis and immunotherapy response in LIHC.
Risk factors of emergency cesarean section in pregnant women with severe placenta accreta spectrum: a retrospective cohort study

Introduction Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) may cause enormous and potentially life-threatening hemorrhage in the intrapartum and postpartum periods in emergency cesarean section. How to reduce the occurrence of emergency cesarean section in patients with severe PAS is the key to reducing the adverse outcomes of them. This study aimed to investigate the impact of emergency cesarean section on the perioperative outcomes of pregnant women with PAS and neonates, and also aimed to explore the risk factors of emergency cesarean section in pregnant women with PAS. Materials and methods A retrospective investigation was conducted among 163 pregnant women with severe PAS. Of these, 72 were subjected to emergency cesarean sections. Data on the perioperative characteristics of the mothers and neonates were collected. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to detect associations between maternal and perioperative characteristics and volume of intraoperative bleeding. Binary logical regression was used to analyze the association between maternal preoperative characteristics and emergency cesarean section. Linear regression analysis is used to analyze the relationship between gestational age and emergency cesarean section. Results The risks of emergency cesarean section increase 98, 112, 124, and 62% when the pregnant women with PAS accompanied by GHD, ICP, more prior cesarean deliveries and more severe PAS type, respectively. Noteworthy, the risk of emergency cesarean section decreases 5% when pre-pregnancy BMI increases 1 kg/m2 (OR: 0.95; CI: 0.82, 0.98; p = 0.038). Moreover, there is no significant linear correlation between emergency cesarean section and gestational age. Conclusion GHD, ICP, multiple prior cesarean deliveries and severe PAS type may all increase the risk of emergency cesarean section for pregnant women with PAS, while high pre-pregnancy BMI may be a protective factor due to less activity level. For pregnant women with severe PAS accompanied by these high risk factors, more adequate maternal and fetal monitoring should be carried out in the third trimester to reduce the risk of emergency cesarean section.
Some data collection and analysis of the distribution of Champion Primes for non-CM Elliptic Curves

For a fixed non-singular elliptic curve E given by y + axy + cy = x + bx + dx + e, the frequency of extremal primes for E up to a given X value is of interest, where an extremal prime p is a prime for which the order of E defined over Fp is a maximum or minimum with respect to Hasse’s Theorem. For CM elliptic curves this distribution is known to not be curve dependent, and in this paper some preliminary work on determining the distribution of such primes for the non CM case is presented.
Deformation Behavior of Mg-alloy-based Composites at Different Temperatures Studied by Neutron Diffraction

Abstract The influence of the reinforcement short Saffil fibers on the deformation behavior of Mg-Al-Ca alloy-based composite with two different fiber plane orientations is investigated and clarified using in-situ neutron diffraction at room and elevated temperatures. The measured lattice strain evolution points to a more efficient reinforcing effect of fibers at parallel fiber plane orientation, which decreases at elevated temperature. A significant decrement of compressive lattice strain was incidentally observed in the matrix in the direction of load axis when deformation due to the elevated temperature occurred. Electron microscopy revealed the influence of the temperature and fiber orientation on fiber cracking. The EBSD observations corroborated neutron diffraction results highlighting significant twin growth at elevated testing temperatures
Passive acoustic localization of North Atlantic Right Whales using a modified near-field Bartlett beamformer

Owing to the principle of least commitment, near-field beamformers can produce passive acoustic source localizations which are robust to noise and interference. The power output of a traditional Bartlett near-field beamformer may be formulated in terms of the pairwise cross correlation functions of the sensor signals. We present a modified Bartlett processor wherein the ordinary cross correlation is replaced by generalized cross correlation, generalized in both time and frequency. As an example of the utility of the technique, we present results from a six element pentagonal marine array with a baseline of approximately 15 km deployed off the coast of Virginia. Localization of synthetic FM sweeps from known source locations within the array yield deviations from the true source location as measured by GPS of less than 100 meters. Localization of actual North Atlantic Right Whale calls provide good alignment of the unknown channel arrivals and acceptably small error ellipses.
Time-invariant and stochastic disperser-structured matrix models: Invasion rates of fleshy-fruited exotic shrubs

Interest in spatial population dynamics includes applications to the spread of disease and invasive species. Recently, models for structured populations have been extended to incorporate temporal variation in both demography and dispersal. Here we propose a novel version of the model that incorporates structured dispersal to evaluate how changes in the relative proportion of mammalian, and short- and long-distance avian dispersers affect the rate of spread of an invasive shrub, Ardisia elliptica in Everglades National Park. We implemented $45$ time-invariant models, including one in which a single dispersal kernel was estimated from field data by pooling all seedlings, and $44$ that were disperser-structured in which dispersal kernels were estimated separately for gravity-, catbird-, robin- and raccoon-dispersed seed. Robins, the longest distance dispersers, are infrequent. Finally we implemented a time-varying model that included variability among years in the proportion of seeds that were taken by robins. The models estimated invasion speeds that ranged from $3.9$ to $34.7$ m $ yr^{-1}$ . Infrequent long-distance dispersal by robins were important in determining invasion speed in the disperser-structured model. Comparing model projections with the (historically) known rate of spread, we show how a model that stratifies seeds by dispersal agents does better than one that ignores them, although all of our models underestimate it.
Approximation properties of holomorphic pairs of differential forms

This article is devoted to the study of approximative properties of pairs of forms (wr −1,wr +1), of degrees (r − 1) and (r + 1), respectively, which satisfies the equations in some open set of an Euclidean space of finite dimension. We call such pairs holomorphic pairs of differential forms. For these pairs, two theorems, analogous to the classical Runge Theorem and to the Hartogs–Rosenthal theorem, respectively, are obtained.
Exact integration of a nonlinear model of steady heat conduction/radiation in a wire with internal power

The paper treats in one dimensional mixed heat transfer problem of steady conduction and radiation in a wire with internal source. We are led to a Cauchy problem consisting of a second order nonlinear ordinary differential equation. A special integrable case with two non independent left boundary conditions requires a hyperelliptic integral, for which a representation theorem has been established through the Gauss hypergeometric function 2 F 1 . The relevant steady solution is then found to grow monotonically with the distance from boundary, up to a certain limiting position where it suddenly jumps unbounded.
R_0 in continuous-time ecological models structured by age and space

In this work we study the asymptotic behaviour in linear models of population dynamics by means of the basic reproduction number R_0. Our aim is to give a practical approach to the computation of the reproduction number in continuous-time population models structured by age and/or space. The traditional approach to the study of linear continuous-time population dynamics is the computation of the Malthusian parameter , i.e. the exponential growth rate of the population. Yet, another equivalent approach is possible which takes the generational viewpoint, [2], [3], [5]. For each system, firstly one has to distinguish between birth terms and the other ones like mortality and transition terms. Then, the basic reproduction number is computed as the spectral radius of the next-generation operator. However, different interpretations of what is a birth event give rise to different expressions and results, [2] and [1]. For infinite-dimensional systems (e.g. PDE), the second approach is always related to an eigenvalue problem with its corresponding eigenfunction [4] whereas, in general, this is not the case for the first approach.
Mutagenesis Induced Improvement of Coenzyme Q10 Production by Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Mutagenesis induced improvement of coenzyme Q10 production by Agrobacterium tumefaciens with the view of increasing CoQ10 production via strain development by UV and EMS mutagenesis is of great importance. Further optimisation of fermentation parameters such as pH, temperature, and inoculum load was done to maximise CoQ10 yield. Soil and gall samples were collected from vegetable field of Research farm located at Chatha, Jammu. Repeated isolations and purification resulted in 05 Agrobacterium tumefaciens cultures from soil samples and 07 from that of gall samples. Identification of cultures was confirmed by morphological studies. Agrobacterium tumefaciens cultures were grown on selective media to screen CoQ10 producing strains. G12 was best amongst 12 isolates; it produced 2.36 mg/g DCW. Mutagenesis using UV and EMS treatment was done to obtain a high-CoQ10-producing strain from the native isolate (G12). When exposed for 7 minutes to mutagenic UV radiation from a distance of 10 cm, the native strain (G12) showed reduction in number of colonies. Also the viability of cells was reduced when they were treated with 80 μM EMS for 30 min but it was less effective than UV mutagenesis. G12 UV mutant strain was selected after screening and tested for CoQ10 production potential by flask culturing. Our results indicate that CoQ10 content increased from 2.36 mg/g DCW to 4.34 mg/ g DCW after mutagenesis, indicating positive mutations. G12 UV mutant was further studied in batch cultures with different inoculum loads at various temperatures and range of pH, to maximize CoQ10 production along with constant fermentation parameters like agitation (180 rpm) and incubation time (96 hours). Therefore, this study suggests that amongst the culture conditions tested so far for CoQ10 production, G12 mutant strain showed maximum CoQ10 content when 108 CFU/ml of inoculum load is used at 32°C and pH 7.0.
Effects of Pin-Fin Shapes on Mesh-Fed Slot Film Cooling for a Flat-Plate Model

Experimental and numerical research is performed to illustrate the effects of pin-fin shapes on mesh-fed slot film cooling performance on a flat-plate model. Three types of pin-fin shapes (such as circular, elliptical, and drop-shaped) with the same cross-sectional area are taken into consideration. The results show that a pair of counter rotating vortices is still generated for the mesh-fed slot film cooling scheme due to the strong “jetting” effect of coolant flow at the slot outlet. As the coolant jet ejecting from mesh-fed slot is capable of establishing more uniform film layer over the protected surface, the kidney vortices are illustrated to have weakly detrimental role on the film cooling performance. By the shaping of pin fins, the uniformity of coolant flow exiting mesh-fed slot is improved in comparison to the baseline case of circular shape, especially for the elliptical-shape pin-fin array. Therefore, the jetting effect of coolant flow is alleviated for the elliptical and drop-shaped pin-fin meshes when compared to the circular pin-fin mesh. In general, the pin-fin shape has nearly no influence on cooling effectiveness immediately downstream the film cooling-hole outlet. However, beyond x/s = 5, the elliptical and drop-shaped pin fins are demonstrated to be advantageous over the circular pin fins.
Human milk banking: Every mother’s dream

Human milk is recognized as the optimal feeding for new born infants. When mothers’ own milk (MOM) is not available, it is possible to provide human milk to premature or term new born infants that is donated by lactating mothers. Milk Banking is an important medical-social initiative as far as future of human race is concerned. Paediatricians began using donor human milk in the 19 th in response to anecdotal observation that premature infants had better health outcomes when receiving their own mothers’ milk. The history of milk banking and the key steps involved in donation, processing and dispensing of human milk are outlined. Other issues concerning the practice of human milk banks need to be addressed as well as optimization of the feeding strategies for preterm infants. Hence Government, health experts and civil society must join hands to propagate concept of human milk banking for sake of thousands of LBW and preterm babies