Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cognitive models of speech processing : psycholinguistic and computational perspectives on the lexicon

E. Bates, J.C. Goodman, On the Inseparability of Grammar and the Lexicon: Evidence from Acquisition, Aphasia and Real-time Processing. A. Christophe, T. Guasti, M. Nespor, E. Dupoux, B. Van Ooyen, Reflections on Phonological Bootstrapping: Its Role in Lexical and Syntactic Acquisition. M.G. Gaskell, W.D. Marslen-Wilson, Integrating Form and Meaning: A Distributed Model of Speech Perception. A. Roelofs, Syllabification in Speech Production: Evaluation of WEAVER. H.E. Moss, S.F. McCormick, L.K. Tyler, The Time Course of Activation of Semantic Information During Spoken Word Recognition. G. Miceli, R. Capasso, Semantic Errors as Neuropsychological Evidence for the Independence and the Interaction of Orthographic and Phonological Word Forms. D.C. Plaut, Structure and Function in the Lexical System: Insights from Distributed Models of Word Reading and Lexical Decision. K. Plunkett, R.C. Nakisa, A Connectionist Model of the Arabic Plural System. Abstracts. A. Cutler, The Syllable's Role in the Segmentation of Stress Languages. J.D. Jescheniak, H. Schriefers Lexical Access in Speech Production: Serial or Cascaded Processing? C. McKee, Lexical Factors in Language Acquisition. A.S. Meyer, Conceptual Influences on Grammatical Planning Units. J.L. Miller, Internal Structure of Phonetic Categories. J. Morais, R. Kolinsky, P. Ventura, M. Cluytens, Levels of Processing in the Phonological Segmentation of Speech. E.M. Saffran, N. Martin, Effects of Structural Priming on Sentence Production in Aphasics. N. Sebastian, A. Costa, Metrical Information in Speech Segmentation in Spanish.
Svm Speaker Verification Using an Incomplete Cholesky Decomposition Sequence Kernel

The Generalized Linear discriminant Sequence (GLDS) kernel has been showing to provide very good performance in SVM speaker verification in NIST SRE evaluations. The GLDS kernel is based on an explicit mapping of each sequence to a single vector in a feature space using polynomial expansions. Because of practical limitations, these expansions have to be of degree less or equal to 3. In this paper, we generalize the GLDS kernel to allow not only any polynomial degree but also any expansion (possibly infinite dimensional) that defines a Mercer kernel (such as the RBF kernel). To do so, we use low-rank decompositions of the Gram matrix to express the feature space kernel in terms of input space data only. We present experiments on the Biosecure project data. The results show that our new sequence kernel out-performs the GLDS one as well as the one developed in our recent work.
Predicted slowdown in the rate of Atlantic sea ice loss

Coupled climate models initialized from historical climate states and subject to anthropogenic forcings can produce skillful decadal predictions of sea surface temperature change in the subpolar North Atlantic. The skill derives largely from initialization, which improves the representation of slow changes in ocean circulation and associated poleward heat transport. We show that skillful predictions of decadal trends in Arctic winter sea ice extent are also possible, particularly in the Atlantic sector. External radiative forcing contributes to the skill of retrospective decadal sea ice predictions, but the spatial and temporal accuracy is greatly enhanced by the more realistic representation of ocean heat transport anomalies afforded by initialization. Recent forecasts indicate that a spin‐down of the thermohaline circulation that began near the turn of the century will continue, and this will result in near‐neutral decadal trends in Atlantic winter sea ice extent in the coming years, with decadal growth in select regions.
Imperfect competition and international trade

The last decade has seen an important extension of the theory of international trade to include imperfectly competitive market structures. This book collects 19 of the most influential articles on trade with imperfect competition, providing ready access to current research by top-level economists. Following an introduction by Grossman that surveys the literature, the readings cover such important topics as the causes and consequences of intraindustry trade, the effects of tariffs and quantitative restrictions in oligopolistic settings, the welfare consequences of strategic trade policies, the raison d'etre for multinational corporations, the determinants of innovation, and the interaction between technological progress and trade. The recent work on trade incorporating imperfect competition can help to explain the high volume of intraindustry trade between similarly endowed countries and can account for the increasing importance of multinational corporations in the conduct of international trade. It can predict the emergence of cross-country technology gaps and can help to identify the determinants of dynamic comparative advantage. The explorations of trade with imperfect competition have also deepened substantially our understanding of the costs and benefits of trade policy. We now know why governments may be motivated to assist their national firms in global oligopolistic competitions, and we also know the limitations of the arguments in support of strategic trade policies.
VARIATIONS OF THE b-VALUES BEFORE SEVERAL LARGE EARTHQUAKES OCCURRED IN NORTH CHINA

Studies concerning the variation of the b-values within smaller and larger areas surrounding epicenters before several strong earthquakes occurred in North China, have been made. It was found that for smaller areas around the epicenters the b-values vary with time from higher to lower values until the outburst of the earthquakes, while for larger areas peak values of appear immediately before the earthquakes. The time duration of the peak, values seems to be related to the magnitudes of the large earthquakes.Besides, it was also studied that as the areas involved in the computation of the b-values enlarged, the values of -b tend to increase and in the vicinity of the epicenters there exist areas of low b-values, outside of it are areas of high b-values. This pattern of the variation of the b-values conforms with the spatial distribution of the seismic activity before the strong earthquakes.
Tooth Movement out of the Bony Wall Using Augmented Corticotomy with Nonautogenous Graft Materials for Bone Regeneration

This prospective randomized split-mouth study was performed to compare the effects of augmented corticotomy with those of different nonautogenous bone graft materials combined with orthodontic tooth movement in dogs. Decortication was performed on the buccal bone surface of 6 male beagle dogs that were randomly assigned to receive grafts of deproteinized bovine bone mineral, irradiated cortical bone, or synthetic bone. Immediate orthodontic force was applied to the second and third premolars for buccal tipping for 6 weeks. The pocket depth and width of keratinized tissue (WKT) were measured. Histologic and histomorphometric analyses were performed. The probing depth, WKT, and ratio of the area of new bone to that of total bone on the buccal side were not significantly different between groups. All groups had considerable new bone formation on the pressure side. New bone formation on the buccal side and buccal plate formation in the coronal direction along the root surfaces were induced by the bone-derived and PDL-derived mesenchymal matrix, respectively. The angular change between groups was significantly different (P < 0.001). Augmented corticotomy using nonautogenous graft materials facilitated tooth movement without fenestrations and accelerated new bone formation on the pressure side.
Interaction of mantle plume heads with the Earth's surface and onset of small‐scale convection

We investigate the behavior of a spherical blob of buoyant fluid as gravity forces it toward either a rigid horizontal boundary or a free surface. The diapir fluid is assumed much less viscous than the ambient fluid. This fundamental problem is the simplest unsteady model relevant to the ascent of hot plumes of buoyant material toward Earth's surface or the base of the lithosphere and closely models the heads of starting plumes. As the diapir approaches the boundary, it collapses in the vertical and spreads horizontally while a layer of the surrounding mantle is slowly squeezed out from betweeen the diapir and the surface. Experimental results for the thinning and lateral spreading of the bouyant fluid, and for the thinning of the squeeze layer, are given for both the case of a rigid, nonslip boundary and that of a free surface. These are compared with similarity scaling laws based on a balance between the bouyancy of the diapir and viscous stresses in the diapir's surroundings. We also observe that the squeeze layer can become gravitationally unstable, leading to a bifurcation from convection on the scale of the original plume to convection on scales much smaller than the diapir. The vertical exchange on smaller horizontal scales enables the plume to more rapidly approach the boundary. At the time instability occurs the diapir has spread to roughly twice its initial diameter. Application of these results, and previous results from surface uplift, to the plumes responsible for continental flood basalts is subject to knowledge of the local value of upper mantle viscosity. If this is taken to be 3×1020 Pa s, most uplift takes place ovcer approximately 5 m.y. Eruption of voluminous basalts will not take place until at least 5–10 m.y. after the surface has reached its maximum elevation. If small-scale instabilities do develop within mantle plume heads, they may be an essential mechanism allowing the top of the plume to ascend to the shallow depths required for extensive melting. It may also explain the observation of Hooper (1990) that volcanism in the Deccan and Columbian Plateau begins before the onset of crustal extension.
Adverse events associated with prescription drug cost-sharing among poor and elderly persons.

CONTEXT Rising costs of medications and inequities in access have sparked calls for drug policy reform in the United States and Canada. Control of drug expenditures by prescription cost-sharing for elderly persons and poor persons is a contentious issue because little is known about the health impact in these subgroups. OBJECTIVES To determine (1) the impact of introducing prescription drug cost-sharing on use of essential and less essential drugs among elderly persons and welfare recipients and (2) rates of emergency department (ED) visits and serious adverse events associated with reductions in drug use before and after policy implementation. DESIGN AND SETTING Interrupted time-series analysis of data from 32 months before and 17 months after introduction of a prescription coinsurance and deductible cost-sharing policy in Quebec in 1996. Separate 10-month prepolicy control and postpolicy cohort studies were conducted to estimate the impact of the drug reform on adverse events. PARTICIPANTS A random sample of 93 950 elderly persons and 55 333 adult welfare medication recipients. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Mean daily number of essential and less essential drugs used per month, ED visits, and serious adverse events (hospitalization, nursing home admission, and mortality) before and after policy introduction. RESULTS After cost-sharing was introduced, use of essential drugs decreased by 9.12% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.7%-9.6%) in elderly persons and by 14.42% (95% CI, 13.3%-15.6%) in welfare recipients; use of less essential drugs decreased by 15.14% (95% CI, 14.4%-15.9%) and 22.39% (95% CI, 20.9%-23.9%), respectively. The rate (per 10 000 person-months) of serious adverse events associated with reductions in use of essential drugs increased from 5.8 in the prepolicy control cohort to 12.6 in the postpolicy cohort in elderly persons (a net increase of 6.8 [95% CI, 5.6-8.0]) and from 14.7 to 27.6 in welfare recipients (a net increase of 12.9 [95% CI, 10.2-15.5]). Emergency department visit rates related to reductions in the use of essential drugs also increased by 14.2 (95% CI, 8.5-19.9) per 10 000 person-months in elderly persons (prepolicy control cohort, 32.9; postpolicy cohort, 47.1) and by 54.2 (95% CI, 33.5-74.8) among welfare recipients (prepolicy control cohort, 69.6; postpolicy cohort, 123.8). These increases were primarily due to an increase in the proportion of recipients who reduced their use of essential drugs. Reductions in the use of less essential drugs were not associated with an increase in risk of adverse events or ED visits. CONCLUSIONS In our study, increased cost-sharing for prescription drugs in elderly persons and welfare recipients was followed by reductions in use of essential drugs and a higher rate of serious adverse events and ED visits associated with these reductions.
Building an Open Language Archives Community on the Dc Foundation

The Open Language Archives Community is an international partnership of institutions and individuals that is creating a worldwide virtual library of language resources. We report on the development of OLAC metadata as a specialization of Dublin Core metadata and then describe the interoperability framework in which the metadata is validated, disseminated and aggregated. We also discuss the community-centered process by which OLAC standards and practices are created and maintained. In each of these three areas, metadata, interoperability, and process, we show how OLAC began with a model that was too cumbersome to implement then found a new formulation which worked in practice. By reporting on this experience of metadata in practice, we hope to show how a specialist community can address its resource discovery needs by building on the Dublin Core foundation.
Análisis y desarrollo de un software web para la gestión y fomento de la investigación en instituciones de educación superior en Colombia: «educaras cloud» Zopment of a Web Software for Management and Investigation in Colombia's Higher Education Institutions: «Educaras Cloud»

In this article the used methodology and the results obtained are presented in the analysis and development of the Software “Educaras Cloud”, as a tool for the management and promotion of the investigation. Firstly, it is necessary to make a conceptual review of the management process of the investigation. Secondly, the experience of two universities is presented and the art’s state of IT solutions, associated to the process in question, is developed. Finally we detailed the results obtained through a tour of the functionalities of the web platform. With the accomplishment of interviews we could know the administrative processes that contemplate the investigation in universities of the Caribbean Colombian Region and the interior of the country. All of this, in order to build a model of investigation’s management that allows to provide a standard IT solution between universities in Colombia. Nowadays, we find a limited offer of software as support for this process. For this reason, the software has been developed and this article is willing to deepen the way in which its features correspond to efficient and productive management of the investigation.
A SURVEY OF CULTURE AND FINANCE

Over the past years an interest in Culture has increased among financial scholars. We provide a survey using financial research-articles with an explicit focus on Culture and relying on a systematic screening of 21 academic journals in Finance and beyond. While we can identify three financial topics at large, we note an overwhelming diversity of approaches in the way culture is conceptualized and operationalized, when the issue is not simply shunned. We stress a number of directions in which culture-research in Finance can be extended further, including richer conceptualizations of culture, further consideration of existing wisdom from adjacent disciplines, greater reliance on qualitative evidence and further investigation on the consequences of embededdness in Finance, each of which provides ground for surveys, and theoretical developments. Our main contributions are threefold. We underline the importance of disciplinary inbreeding in the way culture is operationalized in financial research today; the current methodological toolkit, embedded in the neoclassical paradigm (Brennan, 1995), may be insufficient to deal effectively with culture processes. Further venues may need to adapt the mainstream methodological toolkit accordingly. Second we suggest implementing backward definitions of culture with reliance on groups’ characteristics and conceptualization of culture-finance mechanisms rather than departing from “what culture is” (or should be). Last, we attract attention to complementarities and divergences with Behavioral Finance. In particular cultureresearch presumes varying forms of rationality; its focus on collective norms should provide an interesting angle of approach for future research, complementary to that of Behavioral Finance. Overall, it may be no coincidence if a culture interest is rising at a time Zingales (2000) calls for a re-foundation. Key-words: Finance. Culture. National Culture. Institutional Context. Law and Finance. Governance systems. Comparative Thinking. Theory-Method intersection. Epistemology. Behavioral Finance. JEL Classification: B4, B5, F3, G3. EFM Classification 150 Corporate Governance 120 Behavioural Issues ‡ ESCP Europe & Université de Paris Ouest (CEROS) henri.reuter@gmail.com Correspondence at ESCP Europe, to the hands of M. -A. Lannerey, Dean’s office, 79, avenue de la République , France-75543 Paris cedex 11 . Pesonal Phone number: +33 (0)6 99 29 45 13. This paper has benefited from useful comments provided by seminar participants of the Finance seminar series ESCP-EAP, European School of Management, as well as CEROS (Université de Paris X) and FARGO (Université de Dijon). My special thanks to ESCP-EAP PhDs, to F. Bancel, P. Baubeau, P. Bunkanwanicha, J-P. Bouilloud, G. Charreaux, P. Dessertine, M. Guillén, C. Kobrak, C. Moussu, P. Spieser, M. Statman, C. Thibierge, B. Thiry, an editor of the Journal of International Business Studies as well as to the reviewers for the following conferences (2009): AFFI Spring, FMA, gdRE & Infiniti conferences.
High resolution terrain mapping using low attitude aerial stereo imagery

This paper presents an approach to build high resolution digital elevation maps from a sequence of unregistered low altitude stereovision image pairs. The approach first uses a visual motion estimation algorithm that determines the 3D motions of the cameras between consecutive acquisitions, on the basis of visually detected and matched environment features. An extended Kalman filter then estimates both the 6 position parameters and the 3D positions of the memorized features as images are acquired. Details are given on the filter implementation and on the estimation of the uncertainties on the feature observations and motion estimations. Experimental results show that the precision of the method enables to build spatially consistent very large maps.
Sustainable Sea Transport for the Pacific Islands: The Obvious Way Forward

This science brief outlines the importance of sustainable sea transport for the Pacific Islands, and outlines the issues and challenges faced by the maritime sector, the lessons learnt from past trials of renewable energy in the Pacific, and identifies the barriers to uptake of sustainable shipping. The brief is intended to provide policy and decision makers an understanding of the issues surrounding sea transport in relation to sustainable development for the Region.
Effects of obesity on pharmacokinetics implications for drug therapy.

Obesity is a worldwide problem, with major health, social and economic implications. The adaptation of drug dosages to obese patients is a subject of concern, particularly for drugs with a narrow therapeutic index. The main factors that affect the tissue distribution of drugs are body composition, regional blood flow and the affinity of the drug for plasma proteins and/or tissue components. Obese people have larger absolute lean body masses as well as fat masses than non-obese individuals of the same age, gender and height. However, the percentage of fat per kg of total bodyweight (TBW) is markedly increased, whereas that chrome P450 isoforms are altered, but no clear overview of drug hepatic metabolism in obesity is currently available. Pharmacokinetic studies provide differing data on renal function in obese patients. This review analyses recent publications on several classes of drugs: antibacterials, anticancer drugs, psychotropic drugs, anticonvulsants, general anaesthetics, opioid analgesics, neuromuscular blockers, beta-blockers and drugs commonly used in the management of obesity. Pharmacokinetic studies in obesity show that the behaviour of molecules with weak or moderate lipophilicity (e.g. lithium and vecuronium) is generally rather predictable, as these drugs are distributed mainly in lean tissues. The dosage of these drugs should be based on the ideal bodyweight (IBW). However, some of these drugs (e.g. antibacterials and some anticancer drugs) are partly distributed in adipose tissues, and their dosage is based on IBW plus a percentage of the patient's excess bodyweight. There is no systematic relationship between the degree of lipophilicity of markedly lipophilic drugs (e.g. remifentanil and some beta-blockers) and their distribution in obese individuals. The distribution of a drug between fat and lean tissues may influence its pharmacokinetics in obese patients. Thus, the loading dose should be adjusted to the TBW or IBW, according to data from studies carried out in obese individuals. Adjustment of the maintenance dosage depends on the observed modifications in clearance. Our present knowledge of the influence of obesity on drug pharmacokinetics is limited. Drugs with a small therapeutic index should be used prudently and the dosage adjusted with the help of drug plasma concentrations.
A Study on Measurement and Classification of Twitter Accounts

Twitter is a new web application playing dual roles of online social networking and microblogging. In this paper; we have studied the problem of automation by bots and cyborgs on Twitter. As a popular web application, Twitter has become a unique platform for information sharing with a large user base. However, its popularity and very open nature have made Twitter a very tempting target for exploitation by automated programs, i.e., bots. The problem of bots on Twitter is further complicated by the key role that automation plays in everyday Twitter usage. Based on the data, we have identified features that can differentiate humans, bots, and cyborgs on Twitter. Using entropy measures, we have determined that humans have complex timing behavior, i.e., high entropy, whereas bots and cyborgs are often given away by their regular or periodic timing, i.e., low entropy. In examining the text of tweets, we have observed that a high proportion of bot tweets contain spam content. Lastly, we have discovered that certain account properties, like external URL ratio and tweeting device makeup, are very helpful on detecting automation.
Family Firms and Brand Products in Malaysia: Originality, Productivity and Sustainability

Two key questions in Malaysia's corporate history have not yet been answered. Why is it that only a small number of family firms produce brand products? Why has none emerged as a major publicly listed enterprise? This study employs concepts from family business literature as well as Alfred Chandler, Jr's business history approach to answer these questions. A blend of conceptual tools from these two bodies of literature offers insights into the evolution of these brand product family firms. By adopting this approach, this study reveals that the core issues requiring scrutiny are an enterprise's volume of investments in research and development, a skilled managerial team and an effective marketing technique. Other issues include the need for a sound succession plan and a focus on a horizontal form of enterprise development. This article also reviews the capacity of the state to enable as well as hamper the rise of domestic brand product firms.