Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Iron Triangle of Affordable Homeownership: Habitat for Humanity Affiliate Strategies for Balancing Efficiency, Effectiveness, and Equity

While the public values of efficiency, effectiveness, and equity have been extensively studied in the public sector, very little research exists in the nonprofit context. In particular, we lack an understanding of what public values nonprofit leaders prioritize, why they prioritize certain public values over others, and how they balance or make tradeoffs between public values. Thirty-six Habitat for Humanity affiliate leaders from the United States were interviewed for this research. Interestingly, while the nonprofit leaders in the sample represent the same mission, they all prioritize different public values—though a plurality focuses on equity. We also found that the three primary challenges they perceive in achieving these public values relate to access, quality, and capacity. While Habitat leaders already apply strategies to deal with these challenges, we offer some additional suggestions for Habitat affiliates and similar affordable homeownership nonprofits to consider.
NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OF LOW-MASS X-RAY BINARIES: ACCRETION DISK CONTAMINATION AND COMPACT OBJECT MASS DETERMINATION IN V404 Cyg AND Cen X-4

We present near-infrared (NIR) broadband (0.80–2.42 μm) spectroscopy of two low-mass X-ray binaries: V404 Cyg and Cen X-4. One important parameter required in the determination of the mass of the compact objects in these systems is the binary inclination. We can determine the inclination by modeling the ellipsoidal modulations of the Roche-lobe filling donor star, but the contamination of the donor star light from other components of the binary, particularly the accretion disk, must be taken into account. To this end, we determined the donor star contribution to the infrared flux by comparing the spectra of V404 Cyg and Cen X-4 to those of various field K-stars of known spectral type. For V404 Cyg, we determined that the donor star has a spectral type of K3 III. We determined the fractional donor contribution to the NIR flux in the H and K bands as 0.98 ± 0.05 and 0.97 ± 0.09, respectively. We remodeled the H-band light curve from Sanwal et al. after correcting for the donor star contribution to obtain a new value for the binary inclination. From this, we determined the mass of the black hole in V404 Cyg to be MBH = 9.0+0.2−0.6 M☉. We performed the same spectral analysis for Cen X-4 and found the spectral type of the donor star to be in the range K5–M1 V. The donor star contribution in Cen X-4 is 0.94 ± 0.14 in the H band while in the K band, the accretion disk can contribute up to 10% of the infrared flux. We remodeled the H-band light curve from Shahbaz et al., again correcting for the fractional contribution of the donor star to obtain the inclination. From this, we determined the mass of the neutron star as MNS = 1.5+0.1−0.4 M☉. However, the masses obtained for both systems should be viewed with some caution since contemporaneous light curve and spectral data are required to obtain definitive masses.
Heterotic NS5-branes from closed string tachyon condensation

We show how to construct the familiar heterotic NS5 brane as a topological soliton in a supercritical version of heterotic string theory. Closed string tachyon condensation removes the extra dimensions, leaving the NS5 in 10d, in a process highly reminiscent of the K-theoretical description of type II D-branes, but linking non-trivial gauge bundles and geometry. The construction requires a modification of the anomalous Bianchi identity for $H_3$ in supercritical heterotic string theory. We give various proofs for the existence of this modification.
Stochastic homogenization of viscous Hamilton–Jacobi equations and applications

We present stochastic homogenization results for viscous Hamilton-Jacobi equations using a new argument which is based only on the subadditive structure of maximal subsolutions (solutions of the "metric problem"). This permits us to give qualitative homogenization results under very general hypotheses: in particular, we treat non-uniformly coercive Hamiltonians which satisfy instead a weaker averaging condition. As an application, we derive a general quenched large deviations principle for diffusions in random environments and with absorbing random potentials.
Signatures of NP models in top FCNC decay t → c(u)ℓ+ℓ−

Among other roles the LHC will play the role of a ``top factory'' giving us an unique possibility to study possible new physics signatures in unprecedented ways. Many scenarios of new physics (NP) allow top quark flavour changing neutral current (FCNC) decays. Using the most general model independent Lagrangian we investigate possible experimental signals of new physics in t → c(u)l+l− FCNC top decays. We find that a measurement of two possible angular asymmetries might give very important and interesting information on the structure of NP contributions. It is particularly interesting to use these observables to discriminate among variety of NP scenarios. Among others, we consider contributions due to the interference between scalar and vector mediators of these FCNC decays.
CONSTRAINING THE EMISSIVITY OF ULTRAHIGH ENERGY COSMIC RAYS IN THE DISTANT UNIVERSE WITH THE DIFFUSE GAMMA-RAY EMISSION

Ultrahigh cosmic rays (UHECRs) with energies ≳ 1019 eV emitted at cosmological distances will be attenuated by cosmic microwave and infrared background radiation through photohadronic processes. Lower energy extragalactic cosmic rays (∼1018–1019 eV) can only travel a linear distance smaller than ∼Gpc in a Hubble time due to the diffusion if the extragalactic magnetic fields are as strong as nano-Gauss. These prevent us from directly observing most of the UHECRs in the universe, and thus the observed UHECR intensity reflects only the emissivity in the nearby universe within hundreds of Mpc. However, UHECRs in the distant universe, through interactions with the cosmic background photons, produce UHE electrons and gamma rays that in turn initiate electromagnetic cascades on cosmic background photons. This secondary cascade radiation forms part of the extragalactic diffuse GeV–TeV gamma-ray radiation and, unlike the original UHECRs, is observable. Motivated by new measurements of extragalactic diffuse gamma-ray background radiation by Fermi/Large Area Telescope, we obtained upper limit placed on the UHECR emissivity in the distant universe by requiring that the cascade radiation they produce not exceed the observed levels. By comparison with the gamma-ray emissivity of candidate UHECR sources (such as gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and active galactic nuclei) at high redshifts, we find that the obtained upper limit for a flat proton spectrum is ≃ 101.5 times larger than the gamma-ray emissivity in GRBs and ≃ 10 times smaller than the gamma-ray emissivity in BL Lac objects. In the case of iron nuclei composition, the derived upper limit of UHECR emissivity is a factor of 3–5 times higher. Robust upper limit on the cosmogenic neutrino flux is further obtained, which is marginally reachable by the Icecube detector and the next-generation detector JEM-EUSO.
Real‐time supply‐demand schedule update and operation for generators and battery energy storage system based on forecasted and actual photovoltaic power outputs

The photovoltaic (PV) power output might be frequently curtailed to maintain electricity supply‐demand balance in future power systems. In our previous study, we proposed a new method for updating the battery energy storage system (BESS) charge/discharge and the generator unit commitment (UC) schedules based on the forecasted and actual PV power outputs. The forecast dataset was updated every 3 h (eight times a day). Although the simulation results showed that the proposed method could reduce the supply‐demand imbalances, it was not clear whether the forecasted or actual values made contributions. Therefore, in this study, we propose and evaluate a real‐time scheduling and operation method using the forecasted and actual PV power outputs assuming that the forecasted dataset is updated only once a day. Numerical simulations of supply‐demand operations are conducted on the power system model of the Kanto area of Japan for one year. The results show that the previous study method has a slight advantage over proposed method in terms of curtailed PV energy and operational cost of thermal generators reduction, but the difference is very small, indicating that the contribution of the actual PV power outputs is greater than that of the forecasted PV power outputs.
The Hardy’s nonlocality argument

Certain predictions of quantum theory are not compatible with the notion of local-realism. This was the content of Bell’s famous theorem of the year 1964. Bell proved this with the help of an inequality, famously known as Bell’s inequality. The alternative proofs of Bell’s theorem without using Bell’s inequality are known as “nonlocality without inequality (NLWI)” proofs. We review one such proof namely the Hardy’s proof which due to its simplicity and generality has been considered the best version of Bell’s theorem.
Directores escolares ante el síndrome de burnout: dimensiones, factores de riesgo y sintomatología

La Dirección es fundamental para mejorar la calidad de la educación. Estudios, nacionales e internacionales, sitúan al Director como figura clave para el cambio educativo. Pero, este colectivo se encuentra sometido a mucho estrés asociado a problemáticas de liderazgo y de organización escolar, lo que conlleva malestar y falta de compromiso. Por ello, se marca como objetivo medir las dimensiones que definen el síndrome de burnout e identificar los factores de riesgo y la sintomatología que presentan los Directores. Se utilizó una metodología cuantitativa, mediante el pase del Cuestionario TALIS para Directores, a una muestra de 76 Directores de centros concertados de la ciudad de Valencia. Los análisis realizados son de carácter univariado y bivariado. En cuanto a los resultados, se presentan algunos indicadores asociados al Cansancio emocional, la Despersonalización y la Dificultad parael logro/realización personal, aunque mayoritariamente señalan altas valoraciones hacia el ejercicio directivo y bajos niveles de burnout en términos generales. También se evidenció la necesidad de incrementar la formación específica en liderazgo pedagógico, compartido y transformativo. Se observó, además, la necesidad de potenciar las habilidades directivas para implementar unas correctas relaciones con compañeros y familias. Las variables sexo, experiencia e incentivos no muestran diferencias significativas, por el contrario, la edad y el apoyo de los superiores sí presentan diferencias. Como conclusión, estos resultados van en la línea de otras investigaciones, proponiéndose mejoras en la profesionalización directiva, para acrecentar la calidad y la permanencia en las responsabilidades asumidas ante la eficiente gestión de la dirección escolar.
Pyramid scheme model for consumption rebate frauds

There are various types of pyramid schemes that have inflicted or are inflicting losses on many people in the world. We propose a pyramid scheme model which has the principal characters of many pyramid schemes that have appeared in recent years: promising high returns, rewarding the participants for recruiting the next generation of participants, and the organizer takes all of the money away when they find that the money from the new participants is not enough to pay the previous participants interest and rewards. We assume that the pyramid scheme is carried out in the tree network, Erdös–Réney (ER) random network, Strogatz–Watts (SW) small-world network, or Barabasi–Albert (BA) scale-free network. We then give the analytical results of the generations that the pyramid scheme can last in these cases. We also use our model to analyze a pyramid scheme in the real world and we find that the connections between participants in the pyramid scheme may constitute a SW small-world network.
The Effect of Adding Concrete Wastes to Iraqi Ordinary Portland Cement

The research relied on taking five samples: The first sample is the Iraqi Ordinary Portland Cement. Physical tests were carried out for the purpose of comparison with other samples, as the rank of the Ordinary Portland Cement sample under study was 52.5R, according to the Iraqi specification No. 5, 2019. The second sample is concrete waste that was crushed then added water to it in known proportions according to the Iraqi specification and making a paste for concrete wastes only, but it failed to compressive strength and soundness. Three other samples of concrete waste 25%, 30%, and 35% with Ordinary Portland Cement as the addition of concrete wastes, were a partial substitute for the Ordinary Portland Cement. The results of the physical tests including fineness, setting time soundness, and compressive strength that were conducted on the third and fourth samples 25% and 30% were good results within the Iraqi specification No. 5, 2019. The result of physical tests at 35% of concrete wastes failed to test compressive strength. The results of mixing the concrete wastes with the Ordinary Portland Cement under consideration, showed that they can be mixed in various ratios and obtain different results. The more the concrete wastes mixed with the cement, the less the quality of the mixed cement was reaching the highest ratio that led to the failure of the mixture with the concrete wastes in terms of the physical properties. Basically, the mixture ratio of concrete wastes with the cement depends on the quality of the cement and its class in accordance with the compressive strength, and concrete waste quality.
Repr\'esentations galoisiennes di\'edrales et formes \`a multiplication complexe

Pour une repr\'esentation galoisienne di\'edrale en caract\'eristique l on \'etablit (sous certaines hypoth\`eses) l'existence d'une newform \`a multiplication complexe, dont on contr\^ole le poids, le niveau et le caract\`ere, telle que la repr\'esentation l-adique associ\'ee est congrue modulo l \`a celle de d\'epart. Given a dihedral Galois representation in characteristic l, we establish (under some assumption) the existence of a CM newform, whose weight, level and Nebentypus we pin down, such that its l-adic representation is congruent modulo l to the one we started with.
Geometric description of BTZ black hole thermodynamics

We study the properties of the space of thermodynamic equilibrium states of the Banados-Teitelboim-Zanelli (BTZ) black hole in (2+1) gravity. We use the formalism of geometrothermodynamics to introduce in the space of equilibrium states a two-dimensional thermodynamic metric whose curvature is nonvanishing, indicating the presence of thermodynamic interaction, and free of singularities, indicating the absence of phase transitions. Similar results are obtained for generalizations of the BTZ black hole which include a Chern-Simons term and a dilatonic field. Small logarithmic corrections of the entropy turn out to be represented by small corrections of the thermodynamic curvature, reinforcing the idea that thermodynamic curvature is a measure of thermodynamic interaction.
Discrete‐time dynamic event‐triggered H∞ control of uncertain neural networks subject to time delays and disturbances

The event‐triggered H∞$$ {H}_{\infty } $$ control problem for uncertain neural networks subject to time‐varying delays and disturbances was considered in this article. A method based on a novel discrete‐time dynamic event‐triggered mechanism and an event‐triggered control is proposed to solve the problem of event‐triggered H∞$$ {H}_{\infty } $$ control for the considered neural networks. By employing the Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional method, the Cauchy matrix inequality, and the Schur complement lemma, we derive a sufficient condition to guarantee the event‐triggered H∞$$ {H}_{\infty } $$ control problem is solved. This sufficient condition is formed in terms of linear matrix inequalities, which can be effectively solved by using the MATLAB LMI Control Toolbox. Two examples and simulations are provided to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method.
Periods of meromorphic quadratic
 differentials and Goldman bracket

We study symplectic properties of monodromy map for second order linear equation with meromorphic potential having only simple poles on a Riemann surface. We show that the canonical symplectic structure on the cotangent bundle $T^*M_{g,n}$ implies the Goldman bracket on the corresponding character variety under the monodromy map, thereby extending the recent results of the paper of M.Bertola, C.Norton and the author from the case of holomorphic to meromorphic potentials with simple poles.
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and the Use of Inhaled Pulmonary Vasodilators in the COVID-19 Era: A Narrative Review

The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic of 2019 has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality, especially from severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). As of September 2022, more than 6.5 million patients have died globally, and up to 5% required intensive care unit treatment. COVID-19-associated ARDS (CARDS) differs from the typical ARDS due to distinct pathology involving the pulmonary vasculature endothelium, resulting in diffuse thrombi in the pulmonary circulation and impaired gas exchange. The National Institute of Health and the Society of Critical Care Medicine recommend lung-protective ventilation, prone ventilation, and neuromuscular blockade as needed. Further, a trial of pulmonary vasodilators is suggested for those who develop refractory hypoxemia. A review of the prior literature on inhaled pulmonary vasodilators in ARDS suggests only a transient improvement in oxygenation, with no mortality benefit. This narrative review aims to highlight the fundamental principles in ARDS management, delineate the fundamental differences between CARDS and ARDS, and describe the comprehensive use of inhaled pulmonary vasodilators. In addition, with the differing pathophysiology of CARDS from the typical ARDS, we sought to evaluate the current evidence regarding the use of inhaled pulmonary vasodilators in CARDS.
ALFVÉN WAVE REFLECTION AND TURBULENT HEATING IN THE SOLAR WIND FROM 1 SOLAR RADIUS TO 1 AU: AN ANALYTICAL TREATMENT

We study the propagation, reflection, and turbulent dissipation of Alfvén waves in coronal holes and the solar wind. We start with the Heinemann–Olbert equations, which describe non-compressive magnetohydrodynamic fluctuations in an inhomogeneous medium with a background flow parallel to the background magnetic field. Following the approach of Dmitruk et al., we model the nonlinear terms in these equations using a simple phenomenology for the cascade and dissipation of wave energy and assume that there is much more energy in waves propagating away from the Sun than waves propagating toward the Sun. We then solve the equations analytically for waves with periods of hours and longer to obtain expressions for the wave amplitudes and turbulent heating rate as a function of heliocentric distance. We also develop a second approximate model that includes waves with periods of roughly one minute to one hour, which undergo less reflection than the longer-period waves, and compare our models to observations. Our models generalize the phenomenological model of Dmitruk et al. by accounting for the solar wind velocity, so that the turbulent heating rate can be evaluated from the coronal base out past the Alfvén critical point—that is, throughout the region in which most of the heating and acceleration occurs. The simple analytical expressions that we obtain can be used to incorporate Alfvén-wave reflection and turbulent heating into fluid models of the solar wind.
Majorana spectroscopy of three-dimensional Kitaev spin liquids

We analyze the dynamical response of a range of three-dimensional Kitaev quantum spin liquids, using lattice models chosen to explore the different possible low-energy spectra for gapless Majorana fermions, with either Fermi surfaces, nodal lines, or Weyl points. We find that the behavior of the dynamical structure factor is distinct in all three cases, reflecting the quasiparticle density of states in two fundamentally different ways. First, the low-energy response is either straightforwardly related to the power with which the low-energy density of states vanishes; or for a nonvanishing density of states, to the phase shifts encountered in the corresponding x-ray edge problem, whose phenomenology we extend to the case of Majorana fermions. Second, at higher energies, there is a rich fine structure, determined by microscopic features of the Majorana spectrum. Our theoretical results test the usefulness of inelastic neutron scattering as a probe of these quantum spin liquids: we find that although spin flips fractionalize, the main features of the dynamical spin response nevertheless admit straightforward interpretations in terms of Majorana and flux loop excitations.
The radio/gamma-ray connection in Fermi-blazars

We study the correlation between the gamma-ray flux F_g, averaged over the first 11 months of Fermi survey and integrated above 100 MeV, and the radio flux density (F_r at 20 GHz) of Fermi sources associated with a radio counterpart in the AT20G survey. Considering the blazars detected in both bands, the correlation is highly significant and it is F_g~F_r^0.85+-0.04, similar for BL Lac and FSRQ sources. However, only a small fraction (~1/15) of the AT20G radio sources with flat radio spectrum, are detected by Fermi. To understand if this correlation is real, we examine the selection effects introduced by the flux limits of the radio and gamma-ray surveys, and the importance of variability of the gamma-ray flux. We find that the radio/gamma-ray flux correlation is real, but its slope is steeper than the observed one, i.e. F_g~F_r^delta with delta in the range 1.25-1.5. The observed F_g-F_r correlation and the fraction of radio sources detected by Fermi is reproduced assuming a long term gamma-ray flux variability following a log-normal probability distribution with standard deviation sigma>0.5 (corresponding to F_g varying by at least a factor 3). Such a variability is compatible with what observed when comparing, for the sources in common, the EGRET and the Fermi gamma-ray fluxes (even if the Fermi fluxes are averaged over ~1 year). Another indication of variability is the non detection of 12 out of 66 EGRET blazars by Fermi, despite its higher sensitivity.We also study the strong linear correlation between the gamma-ray and the radio luminosity of the 144 AT20G-Fermi associations with known redshift and show that it is statistically robust. Two possible implications of these correlations are discussed: the contribution of blazars to the extragalactic gamma-ray background and the prediction of blazars that might undergo extremely high states of gamma-ray emission in the next years.