Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nucleotides as Bacterial Second Messengers

In addition to comprising monomers of nucleic acids, nucleotides have signaling functions and act as second messengers in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The most common example is cyclic AMP (cAMP). Nucleotide signaling is a focus of great interest in bacteria. Cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP), cAMP, and cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) participate in biological events such as bacterial growth, biofilm formation, sporulation, cell differentiation, motility, and virulence. Moreover, the cyclic-di-nucleotides (c-di-nucleotides) produced in pathogenic intracellular bacteria can affect eukaryotic host cells to allow for infection. On the other hand, non-cyclic nucleotide molecules pppGpp and ppGpp are alarmones involved in regulating the bacterial response to nutritional stress; they are also considered second messengers. These second messengers can potentially be used as therapeutic agents because of their immunological functions on eukaryotic cells. In this review, the role of c-di-nucleotides and cAMP as second messengers in different bacterial processes is addressed.
Research progress in the resource reuse of distiller's grains

: Distiller's grains are the main by-products produced in the process of brewing and ethanol production. Although they are rich in nutrients, they are highly susceptible to spoilage. Their unscientific utilization not only causes environmental pollution, but also leads to huge waste of resources. Therefore, it is urgent to carry out research on the resource utilization of distiller's grains. In recent years, various studies have been conducted on the resource utilization of distiller's grains both domestically and internationally. According to the utilization methods, it can be mainly divided into four categories: energy production, agricultural products, food, and chemical raw materials, including the production of biogas, animal feed, flour products, and succinic acid, to achieve the resource utilization of distiller's grains. This article reviews the nutritional composition, production and utilization status of distiller's grains, as well as the challenges and future development directions faced by the resource utilization of distiller's grains, in order to provide reference for the treatment and technical research of distiller's grains.
Structural and functional rescue of cones carrying the most common cone opsin C203R missense mutation

An arginine to cysteine substitution at amino acid position 203 (C203R) is the most common missense mutation in human cone opsin. Linked to color blindness and blue cone monochromacy (BCM), C203 is involved in a crucial disulfide bond required for proper folding. It has previously been postulated that expression of mutant C203R cone opsin exerts a toxic effect on cone photoreceptors, similar to some well-characterized missense mutations in rhodopsin that lead to protein misfolding. In this study, we generated and characterized a BCM mouse model carrying the equivalent C203R mutation (Opn1mwC198R Opn1sw–/–) to investigate the disease mechanism and develop a gene therapy approach for this disorder. Untreated Opn1mwC198R Opn1sw–/– cones phenocopied affected cones in human patients with the equivalent mutation, exhibiting shortened or absent cone outer segments and loss of function. We determined that gene augmentation targeting cones specifically yielded robust rescue of cone function and structure when Opn1mwC198R Opn1sw–/– mice were treated at early ages. Importantly, treated cones displayed elaborated outer segments and replenished expression of crucial cone phototransduction proteins. Interestingly, we were unable to detect OPN1MWC198R mutant opsin at any age. We believe this is the first proof-of-concept study exploring the efficacy of gene therapy in BCM associated with a C203R mutation.
Ice flow dynamics forced by water pressure variations in subglacial granular beds

Glaciers and ice streams can move by deforming underlying water‐saturated sediments, and the nonlinear mechanics of these materials are often invoked as the main reason for initiation, persistence, and shutdown of fast‐flowing ice streams. Existing models have failed to fully explain the internal mechanical processes driving transitions from stability to slip. We performed computational experiments that show how rearrangements of load‐bearing force chains within the granular sediments drive the mechanical transitions. Cyclic variations in pore water pressure give rise to rate‐dependent creeping motion at stress levels below the point of failure, while disruption of the force chain network induces fast rate‐independent flow above it. This finding contrasts previous descriptions of subglacial sediment mechanics, which either assume rate dependence regardless of mechanical state or unconditional stability before the sediment yield point. Our new micromechanical computational approach is capable of reproducing important transitions between these two end‐member models and can explain multimodal velocity patterns observed in glaciers, landslides, and slow‐moving tremor zones.
Efficiency of vermicompost production and use in agriculture

The relevance of the study is due to the need to eliminate the environmental problems associated with the irrational use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture. Biohumus is an environmentally friendly natural fertilizer, which is produced by processing food waste ringworms, whose natural habitat is compost mass and not mineral soils. Thus, the production does not violate the flora and fauna and at the same time is environmentally friendly and waste-free. Practical significance of the study consists in the development of measures, the implementation of which will allow solving environmental problems caused by the irrational use of chemical fertilizers. As part of the study, the authors proposed using biohumus as a natural fertilizer, which allows, on the one hand, reducing the chemical effect on the soil cover, reducing the chemical elements content in finished agricultural products, eliminating the plants treatment with pesticides, and on the other hand, increasing the natural yield, developing immunity in plants of various species, and improving the physical properties of the soil layers.
Fine Structure of Plasmodesmata-Associated Membrane Bodies Formed by Viral Movement Protein

Cell-to-cell transport of plant viruses through plasmodesmata (PD) requires viral movement proteins (MPs) often associated with cell membranes. The genome of the Hibiscus green spot virus encodes two MPs, BMB1 and BMB2, which enable virus cell-to-cell transport. BMB2 is known to localize to PD-associated membrane bodies (PAMBs), which are derived from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) structures, and to direct BMB1 to PAMBs. This paper reports the fine structure of PAMBs. Immunogold labeling confirms the previously observed localization of BMB1 and BMB2 to PAMBs. EM tomography data show that the ER-derived structures in PAMBs are mostly cisterns interconnected by numerous intermembrane contacts that likely stabilize PAMBs. These contacts predominantly involve the rims of the cisterns rather than their flat surfaces. Using FRET-FLIM (Förster resonance energy transfer between fluorophores detected by fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy) and chemical cross-linking, BMB2 is shown to self-interact and form high-molecular-weight complexes. As BMB2 has been shown to have an affinity for highly curved membranes at cisternal rims, the interaction of BMB2 molecules located at rims of adjacent cisterns is suggested to be involved in the formation of intermembrane contacts in PAMBs.
The impact of climate change on birds: a review

The impact of climate change on biodiversity has become a hot issue. This paper reviews the effects of climate change on avian distribution, phenology and population dynamics according to the results of the latest research. Due to climate change, bird distributions have shifted towards high-latitude and high-altitude areas, which is changing more quickly than before. However, the breeding area which bird lived was changed different from the non-breedings. In addition, the ranges of many species have decreased, the timing of oviposition and migration have become more variable, and populations of many species have declined. We also summarize the major methods used to forecast the effects of future climate scenarios on birds, and discuss how evolution, biotic interactions and dispersal ability affect the results of predictions. We found that more and more scientists using the integrated models than the single ones nowadays, a new advice using the mechanistic models has been proved well, and evolution has become a big problem for the prediction from the latest researches. The suggestions are as follows: (1) a system of avian protection should be established as soon as possible in China. (2) people should devise and evaluate some models in research work.
Moving skills, moving ideas – migrant glassworkers in 17th–19th-century Estonia

SUMMARY This paper uncovers previously unstudied patterns of interregional movement and life histories of migrant glassworkers in 17th-19th-century Estonia. Using material and archival traces of 1,231 individuals associated with glassworking or production sites, workers’ lives are followed from childhood to old age. Guild-based division of skilled professions restricted access to positions within the glass industry to the enserfed locals, leading to a constant demand for foreign labour until the 1840s. The Wentzell, Hagen, and Runge families of the migrant-led industry are presented as case studies.
The problem of child safety in the digital space

The rapid development of digital technologies has transformed the lives of children and young people. The digital space offers children endless opportunities to learn, play, communicate and express themselves. However, it also poses a number of risks and threats, such as cyberbullying, grooming and exposure to harmful content. The purpose of this article is to analyze the current state of the criminological safety of a child in the digital space based on a survey among Ukrainian schoolchildren aged 11-17. Our task is to determine the level of awareness of teenagers about safe behavior on the Internet, as well as to identify the most common threats and assess the level of risky behavior of Ukrainian children on the Internet. The article emphasizes that the range of threats to underage Internet users is much wider than to adults due to the peculiarities of this age group. Empirical research shows that schoolchildren tend to act rather carelessly in the digital space, particularly in regards to making new contacts and communicating online. We believe that the family and the school should play the dominant role in familiarizing children with existing online threats and the fundamentals of safe behavior in the digital space.
Moraalinen toimijuus vanhustyössä

Tutkimus käsittelee vanhustyössä työskentelevien hoitajien moraalista toimijuutta moraalisissa ristiriitatilanteissa. Moraalisen toimijuuden rajoittumisen on esitetty olevan keskeinen tekijä eettisen kuormituksen synnyssä. Eettinen kuormitus on yhdistetty esimerkiksi heikentyneeseen työhyvinvointiin ja hoidon laatuun sekä hoitoalan pito- ja vetovoimaisuuden vähenemiseen. Tutkimuskysymys on: miten vanhustyössä työskentelevien hoitajien kohtaamat moraaliset ristiriidat voivat rajoittaa heidän moraalista toimijuuttaan? Aineisto muodostui 40:n vanhustyössä työskentelevän hoitajan ja esihenkilön teemahaastatteluista. Aineisto analysoitiin teorialähtöisellä sisällönanalyysilla, hyödyntäen Hallamaan muotoilua moraalisesta toimijuudesta. Tutkimuksen päätulos on, että hoitajien moraalinen toimijuus näyttäytyi varsin rajoittuneena. Heidän mahdollisuutensa asettaa tavoitteita moraaliselle toiminnalle, tehdä rationaalisia moraalisia päätöksiä ja toimia moraalisesti oikein rajoittuivat. Johtopäätöksenä esitetään, että vanhustyössä tulee luoda riittävät edellytykset hoitajien moraaliselle toimijuudelle.
Regional-scale brine migration along vertical pathways due to CO 2 injection – Part 2: A simulated case study in the North German Basin

Abstract. Saltwater intrusion into potential drinking water aquifers due to the injection of CO2 into deep saline aquifers is one of the hazards associated with the geological storage of CO2. Thus, in a site-specific risk assessment, models for predicting the fate of the displaced brine are required. Practical simulation of brine displacement involves decisions regarding the complexity of the model. The choice of an appropriate level of model complexity depends on multiple criteria: the target variable of interest, the relevant physical processes, the computational demand, the availability of data, and the data uncertainty. In this study, we set up a regional-scale geological model for a realistic (but not real) onshore site in the North German Basin with characteristic geological features for that region. A major aim of this work is to identify the relevant parameters controlling saltwater intrusion in a complex structural setting and to test the applicability of different model simplifications. The model that is used to identify relevant parameters fully couples flow in shallow freshwater aquifers and deep saline aquifers. This model also includes variable-density transport of salt and realistically incorporates surface boundary conditions with groundwater recharge. The complexity of this model is then reduced in several steps, by neglecting physical processes (two-phase flow near the injection well, variable-density flow) and by simplifying the complex geometry of the geological model. The results indicate that the initial salt distribution prior to the injection of CO2 is one of the key parameters controlling shallow aquifer salinization. However, determining the initial salt distribution involves large uncertainties in the regional-scale hydrogeological parameterization and requires complex and computationally demanding models (regional-scale variable-density salt transport). In order to evaluate strategies for minimizing leakage into shallow aquifers, other target variables can be considered, such as the volumetric leakage rate into shallow aquifers or the pressure buildup in the injection horizon. Our results show that simplified models, which neglect variable-density salt transport, can reach an acceptable agreement with more complex models.
Influence of water vapor on CO detection using a resonant microcantilever functionalized by Al-doped ZnO nanorods

A microcantilever (MC) coated by Al-doped ZnO nanorods (AZNRs) was used for carbon monoxide (CO) detection at ambient temperature. Very high sensitivity (on the order of femtograms) was obtained, which is caused by the intense adsorption of CO molecules on the AZNR surface. After the samples had been prepared and characterized, the effects of the presence of water vapor on the CO detection were investigated. Although no response was obtained for AZNRs without the presence of water vapor (i.e. under a vacuum), high sensitivity was observed in the presence of water vapor (finite humidity). Regarding the above phenomena, we propose a model that is a replacement process of the water vapor molecules by the CO molecules on the AZNR surface and discuss it in detail.
Online Measurement of Voltage Gradient Distortion and Leakage Current of Heavily Contaminated Outdoor Insulation Using Thermal Imaging

A new thermal model of an insulator heat loss coefficient proves that evaporation power loss is more significant than thermal conduction to a moist environment. Consequently, the leakage current in a moist pollution layer may cause dry-band formation. Such bands are bridged and sustained by streamer discharges, which can initiate partial arcing. Clean-fog tests of contaminated insulators have been shown to provide infrared (IR) temperature data for the model, and the evaluation of voltage gradients in this dry-band regime. The same modeling also offers a unique method of online leakage current monitoring.
Relational Network Analysis for Advanced National R&D Outcomes Management

Through national R&D project, various research outcomes, such as papers and patents, are generated in every year. In particular, some outcomes are come from joint researches, and they represent social relationships. This paper proposes the relational network analysis for advanced national R&D management approaches for dealing the complex relationship between R&D outcomes in convergence researches. We analyze the relationship between national R&D project and followed outcomes with status of collaborative researches.
Age-Related Effect of Uric Acid on Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury of Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography

Background The association between uric acid (UA) and contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) following coronary angiography (CAG) has been established. However, whether the association would vary with age remained undetermined. Methods We performed the retrospective analysis based on the Cardio-renal Improvement II study, (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05050877), which enrolled consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography in 5 teaching hospitals in China from 2007 to 2020. The primary outcome was CI-AKI defined as the rise of serum creatinine (SCr) ≥ 0.5 mg/dL or 25% compared with the baseline value within 48 hours following CAG. The effect of age on the association between uric acid and CI-AKI was assessed by the logistic regression model. Results A total of 36,550 patients (mean age 63.08±5.6-year-old, 41.7% men) were included in the study. After adjusting for the confounders, the risk of CI-AKI between each quartile of uric acid was insignificant in the young group. In patients of the middle group, lower UA was associated with a lower risk of CI-AKI while higher UA was associated with a higher risk (Q1 OR: 0.853, 95% CI: 0.734–0.993; Q4 OR: 1.797, 95% CI: 1.547–2.09). In patients of the elder group, lower and higher UA were both associated with a higher risk of CI-AKI (Q1 OR: 1.247, 95% CI: 1.003–1.553; Q4 OR: 1.688, 95% CI: 1.344–2.124). The restricted cubic spline indicated a non-linear association between UA and CI-AKI in middle and elder age groups but a linear association in the young age group. Conclusion The association between uric acid and CI-AKI vary in patients of different age. Patients with elder age should maintain a middle level of uric acid while patients with middle age should consider a lower level of uric acid to reduce the risk of CI-AKI. The level of UA was an insignificant risk factor for CI-AKI in young patients.
Etude numérique comparative entre deux types de chicanes et ailettes (rectangulaire et rectangulaire arrondie) utilisées pour améliorer les performances des capteurs solaires plans à air

Dans ce travail, on se propose de faire une étude numérique comparative entre deux formes différentes d’ailettes et de chicanes transversales. La première rectangulaire à bout vif, et la deuxième rectangulaire à bout arrondi, sont disposées en chevauchement dans une conduite bidimensionnelle horizontale de section rectangulaire. Les parois du canal sont rigides, immobiles et isothermes. Le fluide (air) est du type Newtonien, incompressible à des propriétés constantes. Le régime d’écoulement est considéré permanent et purement turbulent. Les équations gouvernantes, basées sur le modèle k-E à bas nombre de Reynolds (LRN) afin de caractériser la turbulence, sont résolues par la méthode des volumes finis à l’aide de l’algorithme Simplec. Le code de calcul numérique en dynamique des fluides Fluent 6.3 est appliqué pour intégrer ces équations sur chaque volume de contrôle. Les calculs sont effectués pour un nombre de Reynolds compris entre 5000 et 20000. Une description détaillée de l’écoulement de fluide et du transfert de chaleur par convection forcée autour de chicanes a été présentée. Les champs et les profils de vitesse axiale, ainsi que la distribution du nombre de Nusselt et l’évolution du coefficient de perte de pression ont été traités le long du canal et pour différents valeurs du nombre de Reynolds. Les résultats ont été comparés à ceux obtenus par l’expérience dans la littérature. Cette comparaison montre qu’il y a un accord qualitatif ainsi qu’une très bonne concordance entre les deux résultats.
Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss and Facial Palsy in Patients with Vestibular Schwannoma Based on the Population Data of Korea

Background: The prevalence of sudden sensorineural hearing loss and facial palsy in patients with vestibular schwannoma and the association of sudden sensorineural hearing loss or facial palsy with vestibular schwannoma were investigated based on the population data of Korea. Methods: This retrospective study used the Korean National Health Insurance Service data. Patients with vestibular schwannoma and those with a previous history of sudden sensorineural hearing loss or facial palsy were identified based on diagnostic, medication, magnetic resonance imaging, or audiometric codes from 2005 to 2020. The control group was established with propensity score matching. The risk for vestibular schwannoma in patients with a previous history of sudden sensorineural hearing loss or facial palsy was analyzed. Results: There were 5751 patients in the vestibular schwannoma group and 23 004 in the control group. The rate of patients with a previous history of sudden sensorineural hearing loss in the vestibular schwannoma group (25.8%) was significantly higher than in the control group (P < .0001), as was the rate of patients with a previous history of facial palsy in the vestibular schwannoma group (4.7%) (P < .0001). Previous history of sudden sensorineural hearing loss was a significant risk factor for vestibular schwannoma (hazard ratio = 7.109, 95% confidence interval = 6.696-7.547). Previous history of facial palsy was also a significant risk factor for vestibular schwannoma (hazard ratio = 3.048, 95% confidence interval = 2.695-3.447). Conclusion: The prevalence of sudden sensorineural hearing loss or facial palsy was significantly higher in patients with vestibular schwannoma than in those without vestibular schwannoma. Based on the population data of Korea, sudden sensorineural hearing loss and facial palsy were significant risk factors for vestibular schwannoma.
Applicability of Clohessy-wiltshire Model For Optimal Low-thrust Rendezvous

This paper investigates the applicability of the continuous thrust Clohessy-Wiltshire model for the optimal low-thrust rendezvous in the orbit. While simplifying the non-linear equations of relative orbital motion, certain assumptions were taken in account by Clohessy and Wiltshire to linearize the system of equations. When the same model is used for optimization of the trajectory of a relative transfer in the orbit using low-thrust, because of the assumptions in the dynamic model there are errors in the result which in turn depends upon the initial conditions for the optimal control problem. A study has been done to investigate the possible trend of error in the control input by varying the initial conditions for the relative transfer and comparing the results with those obtained using non-linear equations. Further, the trend of error in control input has also been studied by increasing the altitude of the target spacecraft orbit. Optimization of the relative motion trajectory has been performed to account for minimum propellant expenditure.