Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR THE PROTECTION OF NEW VARIETIES OF PLANTS

Despite the economical importance of sugar cane, until the present-date no studies have been carried out to determine the correlation of the molecular-based genetic similarity (GS) and the coefficient of parentage (f)-estimates generated for cultivars. A comprehensive knowledge of the amount of genetic diversity in parental cultivars, could improve the effectiveness of breeding programmes. In this study, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and pedigree data were used to investigate the genetic relationship in a group of 79 cultivars (interspecific hybrids), used as parents in one of the Brazilian breeding programmes, and four species of Saccharum (Saccharum sinense, Saccharum barberi and two of Saccharum officinarum) . The objectives of this study were to assess the level of genetic similarity among the sugar-cane cultivars and to investigate the correlation between the AFLP-based GS and f, based on pedigree information. Twenty one primer combinations were used to obtain the AFLP molecular markers, generating a total of 2,331 bands, of which 1,121 were polymorphic, with a polymorphism rate, on average, of 50% per primer combination. GSs were determined using Jaccard’s similarity coefficient, and a final dendrogram was constructed using an unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic average (UPGMA). AFLP-based GS ranged from 0.28 to 0.89, with a mean of 0.47, whereas f ranged from 0 to 0.503, with a mean of 0.057. Cluster analysis using GS divided the genotypes into related subgroups suggesting that there is important genetic relationship among the cultivars. AFLP-based GS and f were significantly correlated (r = 0.42, P < 0.001), thus the significance of this r value suggests that the AFLP data may help to more-accurately quantify the degree of relationship among sugar-cane cultivars.
Turtles and Tires: The Impact of Roadkills on Northern Diamondback Terrapin, Malaclemys terrapin terrapin, Populations on the Cape May Peninsula, Southern New Jersey, USA

A century ago overhunting of the northern diamondback terrapin, Malaclemys terrapin terra- pin, nearly extirpated populations in many parts of its range. More recently, coastal development has led to considerable habitat destruction, especially of traditional nesting sites on barrier beach islands. Along the Atlantic coast of New Jersey, the search for alternative nesting sites on highway embankments has resulted in large numbers of roadkills every nesting season. We have documented the annual mortality of nesting diamondback terrapins on the Cape May Peninsula of southern New Jersey from 1989 through 1995. A total of 4,020 roadkills were recorded on roads crossing or adjacent to our study area. Potentially viable eggs were recovered from carcasses and 32% were success- fully incubated. Since 1991 hatchlings have been headstarted for ten months and 782 (an 81% hatchling sur- vivorship) have been released into the salt marshes of the parents' origin. Roadkill mortality of adult females remains considerably higher than their rate of replacement, and we have noted a substantial decrease in num- bers of mature female terrapins in our study area. Diamondback terrapins, Malaclemys terrapin, include several subspecies within a unique genus and species of emy- did turtles. The terrapin is the only one of more than 270 extant species of turtles whose habitat is confined to coastal brackish (as opposed to fresh or truly oceanic) waters. The species' range is several thousand miles long but never more than a few miles wide, extending from the north-temper- ate zone into the subtropics, from Cape Cod, Massachusetts, through the Florida peninsula and Keys, to the Gulf Coast of the United States. The western terminus of its range has not been precisely deter- mined, but probably lies near Corpus Christi, Texas. Malaclemys terrapin ter- rapin (the focus of this report) is the northernmost of the seven described sub- species. It ranges from Cape Cod, Massachusetts, to Cape Hatteras, North Carolina.
Face recognition

A transform domain face recognition approach is presented. The DCT is coupled with the HMM to achieve a recognition rate of 100% on ORL face database of 40 subjects with 10 images per subject. The recognition time for ORL database is little over 2 Sec. 5 images of a subject are used to train HMM and remaining 5 are used for recognition test. The proposed method is tested on another face data base of 249 subjects with 3 training images and 4 test images per subject. The recognition rate is 90%. A test of recognition is carried out at different resolutions with recognition rate varing from 100% to 95% depending on the resolution. Further, a simple scheme is proposed to incorporate rejection of images of new subjects. On ORL database 100% rejection occurs for the images of new subjects.
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs

Context. The CARMENES spectrograph is surveying ∼300 M dwarf stars in search for exoplanets. Among the target stars, spectroscopic binary systems have been discovered, which can be used to measure fundamental properties of stars. Aims. Using spectroscopic observations, we determine the orbital and physical properties of nine new double-line spectroscopic binary systems by analysing their radial velocity curves. Methods. We use two-dimensional cross-correlation techniques to derive the radial velocities of the targets, which are then employed to determine the orbital properties. Photometric data from the literature are also analysed to search for possible eclipses and to measure stellar variability, which can yield rotation periods. Results. Out of the 342 stars selected for the CARMENES survey, 9 have been found to be double-line spectroscopic binaries, with periods ranging from 1.13 to ∼8000 days and orbits with eccentricities up to 0.54. We provide empirical orbital properties and minimum masses for the sample of spectroscopic binaries. Absolute masses are also estimated from mass-luminosity calibrations, ranging between ∼0.1 and ∼0.6 M⊙. Conclusions. These new binary systems increase the number of double-line M dwarf binary systems with known orbital parameters by 15%, and they have lower mass ratios on average.
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs

Due to their ubiquity and very long main-sequence lifetimes, abundance determinations in M dwarfs provide a powerful and alternative tool to GK dwarfs to study the formation and chemical enrichment history of our Galaxy. In this study, abundances of the neutron-capture elements Rb, Sr, and Zr are derived, for the first time, in a sample of nearby M dwarfs. We focus on stars in the metallicity range − 0.5 ≲ [Fe/H] ≲ +0.3, an interval poorly explored for Rb abundances in previous analyses. To do this we use high-resolution, high-signal-to-noise-ratio, optical and near-infrared spectra of 57 M dwarfs observed with CARMENES. The resulting [Sr/Fe] and [Zr/Fe] ratios for most M dwarfs are almost constant at about the solar value, and are identical to those found in GK dwarfs of the same metallicity. However, for Rb we find systematic underabundances ([Rb/Fe] < 0.0) by a factor two on average. Furthermore, a tendency is found for Rb – but not for other heavy elements (Sr, Zr) – to increase with increasing metallicity such that [Rb/Fe] ≳ 0.0 is attained at metallicities higher than solar. These are surprising results, never seen for any other heavy element, and are difficult to understand within the formulation of the s- and r-processes, both contributing sources to the Galactic Rb abundance. We discuss the reliability of these findings for Rb in terms of non-LTE (local thermodynamic equilibrium) effects, stellar activity, or an anomalous Rb abundance in the Solar System, but no explanation is found. We then interpret the full observed [Rb/Fe] versus [Fe/H] trend within the framework of theoretical predictions from state-of-the-art chemical evolution models for heavy elements, but a simple interpretation is not found either. In particular, the possible secondary behaviour of the [Rb/Fe] ratio at super-solar metallicities would require a much larger production of Rb than currently predicted in AGB stars through the s-process without overproducing Sr and Zr.
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs

We announce the discovery of two planets orbiting the M dwarfs GJ 251 (0.360 ± 0.015M⊙) and HD 238090 (0.578 ± 0.021M⊙) based on CARMENES radial velocity (RV) data. In addition, we independently confirm with CARMENES data the existence of Lalande 21185 b, a planet that has recently been discovered with the SOPHIE spectrograph. All three planets belong to the class of warm or temperate super-Earths and share similar properties. The orbital periods are 14.24 d, 13.67 d, and 12.95 d and the minimum masses are 4.0 ± 0.4 M⊕, 6.9 ± 0.9 M⊕, and 2.7 ± 0.3 M⊕ for GJ 251 b, HD 238090 b, and Lalande 21185 b, respectively. Based on the orbital and stellar properties, we estimate equilibrium temperatures of 351.0 ± 1.4 K for GJ 251 b, 469.6 ± 2.6 K for HD 238090 b, and 370.1 ± 6.8 K for Lalande 21185 b. For the latter we resolve the daily aliases that were present in the SOPHIE data and that hindered an unambiguous determination of the orbital period. We find no significant signals in any of our spectral activity indicators at the planetary periods. The RV observations were accompanied by contemporaneous photometric observations. We derive stellar rotation periods of 122.1 ± 2.2 d and 96.7 ± 3.7 d for GJ 251 and HD 238090, respectively. The RV data of all three stars exhibit significant signals at the rotational period or its first harmonic. For GJ 251 and Lalande 21185, we also find long-period signals around 600 d, and 2900 d, respectively, which we tentatively attribute to long-term magnetic cycles. We apply a Bayesian approach to carefully model the Keplerian signals simultaneously with the stellar activity using Gaussian process regression models and extensively search for additional significant planetary signals hidden behind the stellar activity. Current planet formation theories suggest that the three systems represent a common architecture, consistent with formation following the core accretion paradigm.
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Variability on long timescales as seen in chromospheric indicators

It is clearly established that the Sun has an 11-year cycle that is caused by its internal magnetic field. This cycle is also observed in a sample of M dwarfs. In the framework of exoplanet detection or atmospheric characterisation of exoplanets, the activity status of the host star plays a crucial role, and inactive states are preferable for such studies. This means that it is important to know the activity cycles of these stars. We study systematic long-term variability in a sample of 211 M dwarfs observed with CARMENES, the high-resolution optical and near-infrared spectrograph at Calar Alto Observatory. In an automatic search using time series of different activity indicators, we identified 26 stars with linear or quadratic trends or with potentially cyclic behaviour. Additionally, we performed an independent search in archival R$^{\prime}_{\rm HK}$ data collected from different instruments whose time baselines were usually much longer. These data are available for a subset of 186 of our sample stars. Our search revealed 22 cycle candidates in the data. We found that the percentage of stars showing long-term variations drops dramatically to the latest M dwarfs. Moreover, we found that the pseudo-equivalent width (pEW) of the H$\alpha$ and Ca ii infrared triplet more often triggers automatic detections of long-term variations than the TiO index, differential line width, chromatic index, or radial velocity. This is in line with our comparison of the median relative amplitudes of the different indicators. For stars that trigger our automatic detection, this leads to the highest amplitude variation in R$^{\prime}_{\rm HK}$, followed by pEW(H$\alpha$), pEW(Ca ii IRT), and the TiO index.
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: Not-so-fine hyperfine-split vanadium lines in cool star spectra

(Abridged) We characterize a series of neutral vanadium atomic absorption lines in the 800--910nm wavelength region of high signal-to-noise, high-resolution, telluric-corrected M-dwarf spectra from the CARMENES survey. Many of these lines are prominent and exhibit a distinctive broad and flat-bottom shape, which is a result of hyperfine structure (HFS). We investigate the potential and implications of these HFS split lines for abundance analysis of cool stars. With standard spectral synthesis routines, as provided by the spectroscopy software iSpec and the latest atomic data (including HFS) available from the VALD3 database, we modeled these striking line profiles. We used them to measure V abundances of cool dwarfs. We determined V abundances for 135 early M dwarfs (M0.0V to M3.5V) in the CARMENES guaranteed time observations sample. They exhibit a [V/Fe]-[Fe/H] trend consistent with that derived from nearby FG dwarfs. The tight ($\pm$ 0.1 dex) correlation between [V/H] and [Fe/H] suggests the potential application of V as an alternative metallicity indicator in M dwarfs. We also show hints that neglecting to model HFS could partially explain the temperature correlation in V abundance measurements observed in previous studies of samples involving dwarf stars with $T_{\rm eff} \lesssim 5300$K. Our work suggests that HFS can impact certain absorption lines in cool photospheres more severely than in Sun-like ones. Therefore, we advocate that HFS should be carefully treated in abundance studies in stars cooler than $\sim 5000$K. On the other hand, strong HFS split lines in high-resolution spectra present an opportunity for precision chemical analyses of large samples of cool stars. The V-to-Fe trends exhibited by the local M dwarfs continue to challenge theoretical models of V production in the Galaxy.
Students' Perceptions of Cooperative Learning Strategies in Post-Secondary Classrooms.

A study of graduate students in education and forestry explored their preferences and perceptions of cooperative learning strategies. The study examined strategies derived from the work of R. Slavin and D. Johnson including the following: think-pair-square, think-pair-share, jigsaw strategies, and cooperative group investigation. Of the 208 students participating in this study, 27 were in forestry and 181 in education. The students were all involved with all of the cooperative learning strategies at some points during their courses. Near the conclusion of the Spring 1992 term each of the classes completed the Cooperative Learning Survey and indicated whether they preferred either: (1) a balance of lecture/discussion and cooperative learning, (2) mostly lecture discussion, or (3) mostly cooperative learning activities. The findings indicated that students rated cooperative learning slightly more positively than alternative methods for sharing ideas, listening, critical thinking, positive relationships with colleagues, and opportunities to see ideas applied to professional situations.
Rural Housing and Code Enforcement: Navigating between Values and Housing Types

This paper focuses on the relationship between rural housing and building codes. The paper covers the relationship between the existing urban based literature on housing conditions and the rural housing situation as well as a theoretical exploration of different ways of understanding value in housing. Finally, two rural case studies - the Navajo Nation and a small Colorado subdivision - illustrate the challenges of rural housing code enforcement and demonstrate how officials could benefit from the model.
NOVEL PRESERVATION TECHNOLOGIES IN RELATION TO FOOD SAFETY

S OF POSTER PRESENTATIONS BY YOUNG SCIENTISTS Filomena Nazzaro Institute of Food Science and Technology (Instituto Di Scienze Dell’ Alimentazione) National Council of Researches mena@isa.cnr. it Misc Details Research interests: preservation techniques for food (i.e. potatoes and especially apples) of lactic acid bacteria by using carbohydrtaes (i.e. trehalose); preservation techniques forlactic acid bacteria by using polysaccharides (alginates); treatment of high perishable foods by gamma rays: evaluation of protein, peptide and aminoacidic pattern, to optimise the dose rate of gamma rays to apply to food such as truffles, fresh sausage and fishes, also a genotoxic study to develop substances eventually forming due to the treatment. Gianluca Picariello National Council of Research Institute of Food Science, Avellino, Italy picariello@isa.cnr. it Misc Details Research interests: Modifications indeced by thermic and technological treatments on protein foods. Molecular charaterizatin of markers of treatments by mass spectrometry and on-line HPLC/mass spectrometry.
eview meta-analysis of heart rate variability and neuroimaging studies : Implications or heart rate variability as a marker of stress and health

The intimate connection between the brain and the heart was enunciated by Claude Bernard over 150 years ago. In our neurovisceral integration model we have tried to build on this pioneering work. In the present paper we further elaborate our model and update it with recent results. Specifically, we performed a meta-analysis of recent neuroimaging studies on the relationship between heart rate variability and regional cerebral blood flow. We identified a number of regions, including the amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex, in which significant associations across studies were found. We further propose that the default response to uncertainty is the threat response and may be related to the well known neg-
Operator splitting and discontinuous Galerkin methods for advection-reaction-diffusion problem . Application to plant root growth

Motivated by the need of developing numerical tools for the simulation of plant root growth, this article deals with the numerical resolution of the C-Root model. This model describes the dynamics of plant root apices in the soil and it consists in a time dependent advection-reactiondiffusion equation whose unique unknown is the density of apices. The work is focused on the implementation and validation of a suitable numerical method for the resolution of the C-Root model on unstructured meshes. The model is solved using Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) finite elements combined with an operator splitting technique. After a brief presentation of the numerical method, the implementation of the algorithm is validated in a simple test case, for which an analytic expression of the solution is known. Then, the issue of the positivity preservation is discussed. Finally, the DGsplitting algorithm is applied to a more realistic root system and the results are discussed. Keywords-Time dependent advection-reactiondiffusion; Operator splitting; Discontinuous Galerkin method; Plant root growth simulation;
Hydrocarbons in the Slovak part of the Danube Basin

The Danube Basin is one of our largest Neogene basins in Slovakia with the highest volume of potential source rocks in active hydrocarbon generation zones. The source rocks, however, are quite poor with low hydrocarbon potential. In Blatnéand Rišňovce depressions at the northern part of the Danube Basin only early oil and oil generation window were reached below 2900 m during the Upper Miocene to Pliocene, due the lower temperature. In the southern Central Gabčíkovo Depression (CGD) that is explored by drilling only to 2700 m, all generation zones up to dry gas zone have been reached according to modelling. While the oil generation zone was reached at approximately 2800 m, dry gas is expected below 4000 m. The natural gas molecular composition and methane carbon isotopes indicate small local natural hydrocarbon gas accumulations associated mostly with oil generation that migrated to present reservoirs and mixed with biogenic methane. The carbon dioxide and partly also nitrogen here are most likely related to volcanic activity. The gasoline hydrocarbon range indicates that non biodegraded gasoline oil from the FGČ1 Čilistov well in the CGD is thermally very mature, with its origin most likely in the deeper parts of the CGD below 3500 m. In contrast, the oil trace from Sereď5 (Se5) well is strongly biodegraded and according to the sterane correlations it could have originated in any examined Neogene source reaching the oil window.
Comparison of observed and simulated spatial patterns of ice microphysical processes in tropical oceanic mesoscale convective systems

To equitably compare the spatial pattern of ice microphysical processes produced by three microphysical parameterizations with each other, observations, and theory, simulations of tropical oceanic mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model were forced to develop the same mesoscale circulations as observations by assimilating radial velocity data from a Doppler radar. The same general layering of microphysical processes was found in observations and simulations with deposition anywhere above the 0°C level, aggregation at and above the 0°C level, melting at and below the 0°C level, and riming near the 0°C level. Thus, this study is consistent with the layered ice microphysical pattern portrayed in previous conceptual models and indicated by dual‐polarization radar data. Spatial variability of riming in the simulations suggests that riming in the midlevel inflow is related to convective‐scale vertical velocity perturbations. Finally, this study sheds light on limitations of current generally available bulk microphysical parameterizations. In each parameterization, the layers in which aggregation and riming took place were generally too thick and the frequency of riming was generally too high compared to the observations and theory. Additionally, none of the parameterizations produced similar details in every microphysical spatial pattern. Discrepancies in the patterns of microphysical processes between parameterizations likely factor into creating substantial differences in model reflectivity patterns. It is concluded that improved parameterizations of ice‐phase microphysics will be essential to obtain reliable, consistent model simulations of tropical oceanic MCSs.
Representation of seismic sources sustaining changes of elastic moduli

S U M M A R Y We discuss analytical results on seismic radiation during rapid episodes of inelastic brittle deformation that include changes of elastic moduli in the source volumes. The full source tensor rate is shown to be the sum of (i) a moment rate term associated with the product of the rate of transformational strain and current local tensor of elastic moduli and (ii) the rate of damage-related term given by the product of the time derivative of the elastic moduli and current local elastic strain. Order of magnitude estimates indicate that the damage source term can be larger than the moment term for small events and the region around rupture front. However, the moment term integrated over the entire rupture zone is likely to be considerably larger than the damage term for large crack-like ruptures. The formulation provides rigorous definitions that can be used to estimate different source terms and associated radiated seismic fields in numerical simulations, experiments and field studies that have information on changes of elastic moduli in brittle source regions. Using elastic moduli taken from reference earth models in the analysis of seismic moment can lead to overestimation of the moment and artificial spatial variations.