Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nano-Polycrystalline Diamond Sphere: A Gemologist's Perspective

of the latest and most exciting results of scientific efforts to synthesize a mineral that has held the fascination of humankind for ages. Unlike other forms of polycrystalline diamond, it is completely transparent. Owing to the material’s unique structure, it is also much tougher than natural diamond and previous synthetics, either single-crystal or polycrystalline. This represents a significant breakthrough for industrial purposes and for high-pressure research into the nature and properties of minerals, including diamond. Naturally occurring polycrystalline diamond (PCD) is highly included. Two types of granular aggregates, referred to as bort and carbonado, are generally opaque, dark, and unattractive (Orlov, 1973), though some examples have been fashioned into interesting jewelry (Wang et al., 2009). Another form of polycrystalline diamond, of interest for its structure and strength as a model for possible synthesis, consists of the rare naturally occurring fibrous spheres known as ballas diamond, found in the Urals, Brazil, and South Africa. Natural aggregates have varying compositions and structural strength, making them inferior to synthesized PCD (Lux et al., 1997). Gemologists regularly assess diamonds based on certain standard properties. The recently developed NPD sphere invites one to consider those characteristics in a different light and perhaps look with renewed wonder at that which is possible through science and understanding.
In vitro antiproliferative effects of crude extracts of carica papaya linn (caricaceae family) black seeds against prostate cancer cell lines

Black seeds from papaya plants are utilized as traditional medicine in African and Asian cultures to improve the functioning of the male reproductive system and management of prostate cancer. This study analyzed the phytochemical composition, cytotoxicity and antiproliferative activity of C. papaya black seeds against the Prostate cancer cells and Vero cells. The phytochemical screening was performed by means of standard procedures. Methyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell viability assay was employed in the evaluation of the cytotoxicity and antiproliferative activity of papaya crude extracts in the selected cell lines. Glycosides, alkaloids, terpenoids tannins, flavonoids and saponins were found in papaya seeds’ crude extracts. The crude extracts were not toxic to Vero cells. All papaya seeds’ extracts had antiproliferative activity towards prostate cancer cells. Ethyl acetate extract was found with higher antiproliferative activity, with inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 3.64 µg/mL. Further scientific studies focusing on the isolation and characterization of active phytocompounds from crude extracts of papaya seeds are needed.
Integrated analysis of randomized controlled trials evaluating bortezomib + lenalidomide + dexamethasone or bortezomib + thalidomide + dexamethasone induction in transplant-eligible newly diagnosed multiple myeloma

Objective Providing the most efficacious frontline treatment for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) is critical for patient outcomes. No direct comparisons have been made between bortezomib + lenalidomide + dexamethasone (VRD) and bortezomib + thalidomide + dexamethasone (VTD) induction regimens in transplant-eligible NDMM. Methods An integrated analysis was performed using patient data from four trials meeting prespecified eligibility criteria: two using VRD (PETHEMA GEM2012 and IFM 2009) and two using VTD (PETHEMA GEM2005 and IFM 2013-04). Results The primary endpoint was met, with VRD demonstrating a noninferior rate of at least very good partial response (≥ VGPR) after induction vs VTD. GEM comparison demonstrated improvement in the ≥ VGPR rate after induction for VRD vs VTD (66.3% vs 51.2%; P = .00281) that increased after transplant (74.4% vs 53.5%). Undetectable minimal residual disease rates post induction (46.7% vs 34.9%) and post transplant (62.4% vs 47.3%) support the benefit of VRD vs VTD. Treatment-emergent adverse events leading to study and/or treatment discontinuation were less frequent with VRD (3%, GEM2012; 6%, IFM 2009) vs VTD (11%, IFM 2013-04). Conclusion These results supported the benefit of VRD over VTD for induction in transplant-eligible patients with NDMM. The trials included are registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01916252, NCT01191060, NCT00461747, and NCT01971658).
Trust in relationships: a preliminary investigation of the influence of parental divorce, breakup experiences, adult attachment style, and close relationship beliefs on dyadic trust

Introduction Trust is essential for establishing stable and fulfilling romantic relationships between partners. Development of trust, however, can be assumed to depend on many factors related to an individual's earlier experiences and relationship-related beliefs. This study aimed to investigate how adult attachment style (anxious, avoidant), experiences about parents' divorce and breakdown of one's own romantic relationship, and relationship beliefs are related to the level of dyadic trust in romantic relationships. Methods The present study included 131 Turkish undergraduate university students (55.7% women) from different faculties. The research instrument had questions about parents' and respondents' own relationship status, Dyadic Trust Scale (DTS), Experiences in Close Relationships Inventory-Revised (ECR-R), and Inventory of Close Relationship Beliefs (ICRB), in addition to background questions. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, Pearson correlations, regression analyses and mediation analyses. Results Respondents whose parents had divorced or who had experienced a relationship breakdown had lower dyadic trust scores than those without these experiences. The trust scores correlated negatively with anxious and avoidant attachment styles and positively with relationship belief scales, although the correlations to “external factors” were not statistically significant. In regression analysis, anxious and avoidant attachment styles explained 42% and relationship beliefs 25% of the variance in trust. The only significant predictor among beliefs was “individuality. ” Mediation analysis showed that the effects of anxious attachment style on trust were fully mediated by the relationship belief in “individuality. ” The avoidant attachment style had a direct relationship to trust. Discussion The results show that anxious attachment style influences trust via relationship beliefs, while avoidant attachment style has a strong direct effect on trust as well as weaker effects via beliefs. The results are discussed in the context of Turkish culture and horizontal collectivism.
A simulation study of industrial location.

This paper focuses on the location effects of preferential trade areas (PTA) on non-members. More specifically, using a CGE model calibrated to real data, it focuses on the impact of tighter European integration on outsider regions. We argue that because theoretical models analysing PTAs have very few contact points with reality, further research is needed to evaluate whether the effects highlighted by these models - catastrophic agglomeration and non-monotonic relocation, for example - are theoretical aberrations of highly specific models, or important effects that help us explain real world events. In our 14-sector, 10-region model, we find broad confirmation for the theoretical PTA models, and in particular for the Puga-Venables effects. We find that tighter European integration has a significant impact on Central and Eastern European countries, but the impact on the other regions of the world is rather small. Our findings do however, suggest that the simple models of economic geography analysing PTAs miss important elements. The most important of these are comparative advantage and real trade costs.
The Communicative Roles of Saba the Wind in Hafez’s Poetry

Many natural elements are present in Hafez’ poetry, one of which is Saba Wind. From the viewpoint of communication sciences, Saba Wind demonstrates the components and concepts of a communication process. Saba Wind has many communicative roles in Hafez’ poetry: an informed source; a sender giving information; it conveys the message; as a channel, it transmits concepts and messages; it is sometimes a harbinger; it receives messages; it shapes meaning in the mind of the receiver. Performing case studies of Hafez’ poems and comparing and contrasting these cases resulted in a tree diagram which shows that Saba Wind plays six major roles consisting of eight subcategories. Analyzing the communicative roles of Saba Wind, this paper is intended to investigate the quality and degree of its roles. This journal article is available in Middle East Media Educator: http://ro.uow. edu.au/meme/vol1/iss1/16 92 93 Middle East Media Educator
Perioperative cognition in association with malnutrition and frailty: a narrative review

Postoperative delirium (POD) is a prevalent clinical entity characterized by reversible fluctuating altered mental status and cognitive impairment with acute and rapid onset a few days after major surgery. Postoperative cognitive decline (POCD) is a more permanent extension of POD characterized by prolonged global cognitive impairment for several months to years after surgery and anesthesia. Both syndromes have been shown to increase morbidity and mortality in postoperative patients making their multiple risk factors targets for optimization. In particular, nutrition imparts a significant and potentially reversible risk factor. Malnutrition and frailty have been linked as risk factors and predictive indicators for POD and less so for POCD. This review aims to outline the association between nutrition and perioperative cognitive outcomes as well as potential interventions such as prehabilitation.
Water-soluble phthalocyanine photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is based on a photochemical reaction that is started when a photosensitizing process is activated by the light and results in the death of tumor cells. Solubility is crucial in PDT applications to investigate the physical and chemical characteristics of phthalocyanines, but, unfortunately, most phthalocyanines show limited solubility especially in water. To increase the solubility of phthalocyanines in polar solvents and water, ionic groups such as -SO3−, -NR3+, -COO−, and nonionic groups such as polyoxy chains are frequently added to the peripheral or nonperipheral positions of the phthalocyanine framework. Since water-solubility and NIR-absorbing properties are essential for efficient PDT activation, studies have been focused on the synthesis of these types of phthalocyanine derivatives. This review focuses on the photophysical, photochemical, and some in vitro or in vivo studies of the recently published ionic and nonionic phthalocyanine-mediated photosensitizers carried out in the last five years. This review will have positive contributions to future studies on phthalocyanine chemistry and their PDT applications as well as photochemistry.
PLANNING THE BROWN BEAR URSUS ARCTOS REINTRODUCTION IN THE ADAMELLO BRENTA NATURAL PARK. A TOOL TO ESTABLISH A METAPOPULATION IN THE CENTRAL-EASTERN ALPS

In the 17 th century, increased access to previously remote wilderness areas of the prealpine and alpine mountains, where direct persecution by farmers and hunters caused the extinction of local bear populations. The last remnant population that occupied the Adamello-Brenta Alps was considered biolo- gically extinct since 1989 (only three, non-reproducing bears). Here we present an analysis of the reintroduction process as the most suitable tool for brown bear recovery in the Italian Alps, taking into account both the benefits of reinstating a viable population and the risks that the coexistence between man and bear could cause. The reintroduction process is dis- cussed aiming at an evaluation of its contribution to the global future efforts for brown bear conservation in the alpine region. A GIS-based habitat suitability analysis was implemented to test for good-quality bear habi- tat in a vast mountainous area around the Adamello-Brenta Natural Park (6500 km 2 ), the release site of bears. The model was based on presence/absence data, gathered over the last 20 years, and habitat parameters in 25 ha cells in the core-area of the remnant bear popula- tion (645 km 2 study area). Other parameters of human disturbance and livestock densities, were considered at the scale of the municipality. Bears positively selected deciduous forest but seemed to avoid areas with intensive pasture activity, mainly of horses and sheep, despi- te the latter being a potential prey. Habitats containing large amounts of bare rock, farmland and urbanised areas were avoided. There were no significant differences between munici- palities with and without bears in human population density and intensity of tourism. The
Large River Food Webs: Influence of Nutrients, Turbidity, and Flow, and Implications for Management

Large River Food Webs: Influence of Nutrients, Turbidity, and Flow, and Implications for Management. (August 2012) Katherine Anne Roach, B.Sc., Buena Vista University; M.A., University of Kansas Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Kirk O. Winemiller Humans impact rivers in many ways that modify ecological processes yielding ecosystem services. In order to mitigate anthropogenic impacts, scientists are challenged to understand interactions among physicochemical factors affecting large river food webs. An understanding of socioeconomic factors also is critical for ecosystem management. In this dissertation, I explore spatiotemporal patterns in floodplain river food webs and political barriers to management of environmental flows, an important factor influencing river ecology. In Chapter II, I reviewed the scientific literature to test conceptual models of river food webs and predictions of environmental factors that might produce variation in basal production sources supporting consumer biomass. My review indicates that algae are the predominant production source for large rivers worldwide, but consumers assimilate C3 plants in rivers 1) with high sediment loads and low transparency during high flow pulses, 2) with high dissolved organic matter concentrations, and 3) following periods of high discharge or leaf litter fall that increase the amount of terrestrial material in the particulate organic matter pool.
The deep currents in the Eastern Equatorial Atlantic Ocean

In the Atlantic Ocean, equatorial deep jets have been observed in the central and western equatorial basin. Here, we present three meridional velocity sections carried out in boreal summer 2000 in the eastern equatorial Atlantic. At that time, the deep equatorial jets were observed to weaken or to vanish in the Gulf of Guinea toward the African coast. At 10°W, the comparison with currents measured one year before, in boreal summer 1999, along with tracer distributions confirm the existence of an eastward route along the equator of part of the North Atlantic Deep Water.
Multidiscriminator Supervision-Based Dual-Stream Interactive Network for High-Fidelity Cloud Removal on Multitemporal SAR and Optical Images

Optical remote sensing images have the advantages in clear visual characteristics and strong interpretability. Unfortunately, cloud coverage limits the quality and availability of optical images in practical applications. In contrast, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images provide all-day and all-weather imaging, which can serve as effective auxiliary information for cloud removal. Existing cloud removal methods are difficult to obtain high-fidelity cloud-free results due to the insufficient spectral and spatial information exploration in the multitemporal SAR and optical images. In this letter, we propose a multidiscriminator supervision-based dual-stream interactive network (MDS-DIN) for cloud removal. Specifically, we first design a dual-stream interactive learning module to take full advantage of the complementary information between multitemporal SAR and optical images. Moreover, we specially design an adaptive weight fusion module (AWFM) to adaptively allocate fusion weights to the dual-stream results by considering the discriminative features in spectral and spatial levels. In addition, multidiscriminator is used to jointly optimize overall networks for high-fidelity cloud removal. Experiments on simulated and real datasets demonstrate the competitive performance of our proposed method.
A new bipolar ice core record of volcanism from WAIS Divide and NEEM and implications for climate forcing of the last 2000 years

Volcanism is a natural climate forcing causing short‐term variations in temperatures. Histories of volcanic eruptions are needed to quantify their role in climate variability and assess human impacts. We present two new seasonally resolved, annually dated non‐sea‐salt sulfur records from polar ice cores—WAIS Divide (WDC06A) from West Antarctica spanning 408 B.C.E. to 2003 C.E. and NEEM (NEEM‐2011‐S1) from Greenland spanning 78 to 1997 C.E. —both analyzed using high‐resolution continuous flow analysis coupled to two mass spectrometers. The high dating accuracy allowed placing the large bi‐hemispheric deposition event ascribed to the eruption of Kuwae in Vanuatu (previously thought to be 1452/1453 C.E. and used as a tie‐point in ice core dating) into the year 1458/1459 C.E. This new age is consistent with an independent ice core timescale from Law Dome and explains an apparent delayed response in tree rings to this volcanic event. A second volcanic event is detected in 1453 C.E. in both ice cores. We show for the first time ice core signals in Greenland and Antarctica from the strong eruption of Taupo in New Zealand in 232 C.E. In total, 133 volcanic events were extracted from WDC06A and 138 from NEEM‐2011‐S1, with 50 ice core signals—predominantly from tropical source volcanoes—identified simultaneously in both records. We assess the effect of large bipolar events on temperature‐sensitive tree ring proxies. These two new volcanic records, synchronized with available ice core records to account for spatial variability in sulfate deposition, provide a basis for improving existing time series of volcanic forcing.
Breast Cancer Chemoresistance: Insights into the Regulatory Role of lncRNA

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a subclass of noncoding RNAs composed of more than 200 nucleotides without the ability to encode functional proteins. Given their involvement in critical cellular processes such as gene expression regulation, transcription, and translation, lncRNAs play a significant role in organism homeostasis. Breast cancer (BC) is the second most common cancer worldwide and evidence has shown a relationship between aberrant lncRNA expression and BC development. One of the main obstacles in BC control is multidrug chemoresistance, which is associated with the deregulation of multiple mechanisms such as efflux transporter activity, mitochondrial metabolism reprogramming, and epigenetic regulation as well as apoptosis and autophagy. Studies have shown the involvement of a large number of lncRNAs in the regulation of such pathways. However, the underlying mechanism is not clearly elucidated. In this review, we present the principal mechanisms associated with BC chemoresistance that can be directly or indirectly regulated by lncRNA, highlighting the importance of lncRNA in controlling BC chemoresistance. Understanding these mechanisms in deep detail may interest the clinical outcome of BC patients and could be used as therapeutic targets to overcome BC therapy resistance.
Natural attenuation of NSO heterocycles in coal tar contaminated aquifers

NSO heterocycles (HET) are typical constituents of coal tars. However, HET are not yet routinely monitored, although HET are generally toxic coal tar constituents. Natural attenuation of HET was studied at four different field sites in Germany and Canada. Compound-specific plume lengths were determined for all main contaminant groups (BTEX, phenols, PAH and HET). The results show that the plume lengths are site-specific and range between 40 m and 600 m. At all tips of the studied contaminant plumes, HET concentrations were always greater than the PAH concentrations indicating that the HET are generally more persistent against biodegradation than all other identified coal tar constituents. Hence, biodegradation was assessed and quantified using the centreline method (CLM) for the estimation of the first-order attenuation rate constants. Based on the observations and the results, recommendations for monitoring natural attenuation (MNA) of HET are provided.
An aftershock study of the El Asnam (Algeria) earthquake of 1980 October 10

Summary. An array of 28 portable seismic stations was operated in the region of El Asnam following the magnitude 7.3 (Ms) thrust earthquake of 1980 October 10. Locations of 494 events are presented in this paper and provide an indication of the overall form of the aftershock distribution. Tests to establish location accuracy (particularly depth) reduce this set to 277 events which, it is argued, are well constrained. P-waves alone are used in this study as a consequence of a debate about the reliability of reading S-phases. From the reduced set of 277 events, 81 events provide well-constrained focal mechanisms. The locations are presented in the form of maps and cross-sections, and discussed in relation to information already derived from field mapping of surface breaks and teleseismic studies of the waveforms of the main event. The zone of surface faulting (including secondary normal faulting) extended for 35 km but the aftershock distribution extends for twice this distance. Along the part of the fault which experienced substantial displacement in the main shock, the fault plane itself appears to be devoid of aftershocks, although many lie in the footwall beneath the fault. At junctions between segments of thrust faulting, strike-slip motion occurs. This is apparent in the aftershock focal mechanisms, and in the surface ruptures in one place. The large number of aftershocks in the north-east area appears to be due to the reactivation of a fan-like system of smaller reverse faults associated with surface folding. Activity at the south-west end is considerably less than that in the north-east, and is not obviously associated with recognizable geological or morphological features.
Enterobacter hormaechei Z8b-60: A Tannin Degrading Bacteria Isolated from Slaughterhouse Waste

Tannases or Tannin acyl hydrolases (EC 3.1.1.20) are a family of esterases that catalyze the hydrolysis of ester and depside bonds present in hydrolyzable tannins to release gallic acid. Industrial applications of tannase in food, brewing, chemical, pharmaceutical, and bioremediation, have made it one of the most important enzymes in research. The aim of the present study focused on the degradation of tannic acid by novel bacterial tannase isolated from slaughterhouse waste-enriched soil. Soil containing ruminant microflora is cultured on MSM containing tannic acid. Among four bacterial isolates, a potent strain was cultivated for identification which are then analysed for biochemical characterization and physiological characterization. Bacteria use tannic acid as the sole carbon source for growth and showed maximum growth at 0.6%. The morphology of the isolate shows that it contains gram-negative rods that are nonmotile and capsulated. Based on 16S rRNA and phylogenetic analysis, the isolate was confirmed as Enterobacter hormaechei Z8b-60. Tannase production from bacteria was confirmed by a novel, sensitive plate assay by observing the zone of clearance around colonies and also by dye binding method using methyl gallate as substrate. During the study, TLC and HPLC were performed to analyze the accumulated gallic acid and other metabolites. Intracellular tannase production amplified from 14.98 U/mL to 102.7 U/mL as tannic acid concentration increases from 0.4% to 1.0%, respectively.