Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Self-Similar Planar Fractals Based on Branching Trees and Bushes

Branching trees and bushes are obtained from a segment by an infinite sequence of two elementary transformations — rotation for a positive angle ϑ<π and stretching with a factor r< 1. Trees and bushes themselves are not self-similar, but the resulting limiting sets of points are. Typical questions about tree fractals are: at what relation between r and ϑ the branches of the tree will meet (overlap), and what will be the limiting surrounding curve, when there is no overlapping. By summation of complex geometric progressions, we find an explicit connection between r and ϑ for this boundary case. We obtain polynomial equations and solve them exactly, when this is possible, but in most cases numerically. The results are of interest for different natural sciences and medicine. §1. The dimension of a self-similar fractal Our purpose is to discuss a special class of planar fractal sets, which have many applications. We cannot go here into details of general Hausdorff-Bezikovich dimension, which is usually used for the definition of fractals, so we will restrict ourselves to the case of self-similar fractals and their dimension. A compact set in a metric space is called self-similar (in a strong sense) with a similarity coefficient p, when it can be divided into N congruent sets, each of which is exactly p-times smaller copy of the original set. As an example, we can take a triangle in R 2 , or a cube in R 3 , divided into an arbitrary number of equal pieces (Fig. 1). As in all such examples the ratio ln N ln p is equal to the dimension of the considered object, the generalizing idea is, to define the dimension of any self-similar compact set of points with this ratio. We are giving the initial steps of obtaining two planar self-similar fractals, the first of which is known in mathematics as the Sierpinski triangle (Fig. 2). As on each step we obtain three new copies of the
Ethical And Societal Implications of AI and Machine Learning

The research paper "Ethical and societal implications of AI and machine learning" examines the ethical and societal implications of the increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning. The paper explores various ethical concerns such as bias, transparency, accountability and privacy, which arise in the development and deployment of these technologies. Additionally, the paper also analyses the societal impacts of AI and machine learning, including the implications for employment, economic inequality, and social cohesion. The paper also discusses the need for regulation and governance to ensure the responsible development and use of these technologies. In summary, the paper highlights the importance of considering ethical and societal implications in the development and deployment of AI and machine learning, and the need for responsible governance to mitigate negative impacts and promote positive outcomes. Keywords: AI ethics, Machine learning ethics, AI societal impact, Machine learning societal impact, AI and society, Machine learning and society, AI governance
The legislative agenda in Ireland, 1922–2021

ABSTRACT This article analyses the legislative agenda in Ireland since 1922 using new data coded within the Comparative Agendas Project framework. The data, generated using the codebook of the Irish Policy Agendas Project (http://irishpolicyagendas.eu/), show clear evidence of long-term changes in the complexity, issue focus, and Europeanisation of the legislative agenda in Ireland. The study uses the Irish case to test some existing arguments concerning the influence on the policy agenda of governments’ political capacity and pressures generated by policy problems. Its findings suggest that government capacity influences the agenda, but not in the way theorised: greater capacity leads, on average, to higher stability; more specifically, this effect is evident in the absence of government turnover, as governments maintain a focus on ‘their own’ issues as they continue in office. There is no evidence that the pressure to solve policy problems, in the form of weak or negative economic growth, influences the stability of the legislative agenda. The article contributes to the study of agenda stability, the analysis of Irish politics and public policy, and it provides a basis for coding comparable data across other policy agendas in Ireland.
Digital Customer Protection: Mediator between Mobile Money Usage and Financial Inclusion

The development of technology in the 5.0 era, marked by the increase in internet usage, currently impacts people's habits in accessing financial services, such as mobile money usage. Therefore, it aligns with the government's vision to increase financial inclusion through mobile money usage to reduce poverty. However, Yogyakarta Province is a province with a poverty rate that exceeds the national average, and it is the highest in the Java region. In this regard, digital customer protection needs to be considered because mobile money usage carries a high risk to the security and privacy of user data. Therefore, this study aims to determine the role of digital customer protection in mediating mobile money usage and financial inclusion in productive age communities in Yogyakarta. This study applies the Sobel test by Baron and Kenny and the process method by Hayes. The result of this study shows that digital customer protection significantly mediates mobile money usage towards financial inclusion partially in productive age communities in Yogyakarta Province. With these results, it is expected that all parties should work together to increase mobile money usage to reduce poverty and help the government to achieve the welfare of the community.
Analysis of Potential Genes and Economic Parameters Associated with Growth and Heat Tolerance in Sheep (Ovis aries)

Simple Summary Understanding the genetic basis of animal growth and heat tolerance is essential if genetic enhancement technologies are employed to promote these traits. This study examined potential genes and economic factors that might be associated with growth and heat tolerance in two sheep breeds. In total, 120 male lambs of the Barki and Aboudeleik breeds, 60 of each breed, were used in this investigation. Lambs from Barki have much better growth traits than those from Aboudeleik. PCR-DNA sequencing of the growth and heat tolerance genes revealed SNPs in the nucleotide sequences between Barki and Aboudeleik lambs. The discovered SNPs were found to significantly associate with growth and heat tolerance traits. Lambs from Barki had a better economy than those from Aboudeleik. Abstract This study explored the potential genes and economic factors that might be associated with growth and heat tolerance in two sheep breeds. Data on growth performance from the third month to six months of age were obtained based on records. In comparison to Aboudeleik lambs, Barki lambs developed considerably greater starting body weight, final body weight, final body weight gain, daily weight gain, and percentage increase in BW/month. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found between lambs of the two breeds using PCR-DNA sequencing of CAST, LEP, MYLK4, MEF2B, STAT5A, TRPV1, HSP90AB1, HSPB6, HSF1, ST1P1, and ATP1A1 genes. Lambs from each breed were divided into groups based on detected SNPs in genes related to growth. The least squares means of the differentiated groups revealed a significant correlation of detected SNPs with growth and heat tolerance attributes (p ≤ 0.05). Barki lambs elicited greater total variable costs, total costs, total return, and net return values. The Barki sheep provided the best economic efficiency value when comparing the percentage difference between net profit and economic efficiency. Together with economic considerations, SNPs found may be used as proxies for marker-assisted selection of the best breed of sheep for traits related to growth and heat tolerance.
Density profiles in argon and nitrogen shock waves measured by the absorption of an electron beam

Accurate measurements of the density distribution in Ar and N2 shock waves have been made in a shock tube for the Mach number range from 1.55 to 9 and 10 respectively by the absorption of an electron beam. A modified absorption law has been used for data reduction. The density profiles were corrected for the influence of shock curvature and density rise behind the shock wave. The measurements in Ar agree to within 1% with those of Schmidt (1969) in the mean range of Ms but give a slightly smaller density gradient for Ms = 9. Comparison with various theories shows very good agreement with Bird's Monte Carlo simulation in the whole Mach number range for a simple repulsive intermolecular force law. Further, the agreement with the Mott-Smith density profile for the same interaction law is also good, and surprisingly is found to be better for lower than for higher Mach numbers. Qualitative agreement is obtained with the solutions of Hicks & Yen for hard-sphere and Maxwell molecules. The Navier-Stokes and BGK solutions are found to differ significantly from the present experiments even for the lowest measured Mach number (1·55), whereas the Burnett equation gives better agreement, especially with respect to the asymmetry of the profiles. The measured N2 profiles agree on the whole with the shock-tube measurements of other investigators but show substantial deviations from the low density wind-tunnel experiments of Robben & Talbot (1966b) for higher Mach numbers. Bird's ‘energy sink model’ (1971) is in agreement with the measured density profiles for a realistic interaction law and a suitable rotational collision number. Rotational relaxation in nitrogen is found to be very fast for all Mach numbers. Consequently the coupling between rotational and translational relaxation is very strong.
Extrasolar planet detections with gravitational microlensing

Abstract Microlensing light curves due to single stars are symmetric and typically last for a month. So far about 4000 microlensing events have been discovered in real-time, the vast majority toward the Galactic centre. The presence of planets around the primary lenses induces deviations in the usual light curve which lasts from hours (for an Earth-mass [M⊕] planet) to days (for a Jupiter-mass [Mj] planet). Currently the survey teams, OGLE and MOA, discover and announce microlensing events in real-time, and follow-up teams (together with the survey teams) monitor selected events intensively (usually with high magnification) in order to identify anomalies caused by planets. So far four extrasolar planets have been discovered using the microlensing technique, with half a dozen new planet candidates identified in 2007 (yet to be published). Future possibilities include a network of wide-field 2m-class telescopes from the ground (which can combine survey and follow-up in the same setup) and a 1m-class survey telescope from space.
An Insight into Current Treatment Strategies, Their Limitations, and Ongoing Developments in Vaccine Technologies against Herpes Simplex Infections

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection, the most prevalent viral infection that typically lasts for a lifetime, is associated with frequent outbreaks of oral and genital lesions. Oral herpes infection is mainly associated with HSV-1 through oral contact, while genital herpes originates due to HSV-2 and is categorized under sexually transmitted diseases. Immunocompromised patients and children are more prone to HSV infection. Over the years, various attempts have been made to find potential targets for the prevention of HSV infection. Despite the global distress caused by HSV infections, there are no licensed prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines available on the market against HSV. Nevertheless, there are numerous promising candidates in the pre-clinical and clinical stages of study. The present review gives an overview of two herpes viruses, their history, and life cycle, and different treatments adopted presently against HSV infections and their associated limitations. Majorly, the review covers the recent investigations being carried out globally regarding various vaccine strategies against oral and genital herpes virus infections, together with the recent and advanced nanotechnological approaches for vaccine development. Consequently, it gives an insight to researchers as well as people from the health sector about the challenges and upcoming solutions associated with treatment and vaccine development against HSV infections.
Ultralow noise optical pulse generation in an actively mode-locked quantum-dot semiconductor laser

We report excellent noise performance of an external-cavity actively mode-locked laser based on quantum-dot gain medium. Optical pulse trains with less than 7.5fs residual timing jitter (1Hzto10MHz) for a 12.8GHz harmonically mode-locked ring laser were obtained. This result represents, to our knowledge, the lowest residual jitter reported from actively mode-locked semiconductor lasers, and shows that quantum-dot mode-locked lasers are promising as sources of ultralow noise optical pulse trains.
Suppression of superconductivity in epitaxial NbN ultrathin films

This paper studies the suppression of superconducting transition temperature (T(c)) of ultrathin NbN film. We fabricated epitaxial NbN superconducting thin films of thicknesses ranging from 2.5 to 100 nm on single crystal MgO (100) substrates by dc magnetron sputtering. We performed structure analyses and measured their electric and far infrared properties. The experimental results were compared with several mechanisms of the suppression of superconductivity proposed in the literature, including the weak localization effect, the proximity effect, and quantum size effect (electron wave leakage model). We found that the electron wave leakage model matches best to the experimental data. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3518037]
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Automated Exploration and Implementation of Distributed CNN Inference at the Edge

—For model inference of convolutional neural networks (CNNs), we nowadays witness a shift from the Cloud to the Edge. Unfortunately, deploying and inferring large, compute-and memory-intensive CNNs on Internet of Things devices at the Edge is challenging as they typically have limited resources. One approach to address this challenge is to leverage all available resources across multiple edge devices to execute a large CNN by properly partitioning it and running each CNN partition on a separate edge device. However, there currently does not exist a design and programming framework that takes a trained CNN model as input and subsequently allows for efﬁciently exploring and automatically implementing a range of different CNN partitions on multiple edge devices to facilitate distributed CNN inference. Therefore, in this article, we propose a novel framework that automates the splitting of a CNN model into a set of submodels as well as the code generation needed for the distributed and collaborative execution of these submodels on multiple, possibly heterogeneous, edge devices, while supporting the exploitation of parallelism among and within the edge devices. In addition, since the number of different CNN mapping possibilities on multiple edge devices is vast, our framework also features a multistage and hierarchical design space exploration methodology to efﬁciently search for (near-)optimal distributed CNN inference implementations. Our experimental results demonstrate that our work allows for rapidly ﬁnding and realizing distributed CNN inference implementations with reduced energy consumption and memory usage per edge device, and under certain conditions, with improved system throughput as well.
The luminosity dependence of spiral arm morphology and the luminosity classification

Measurements of spiral arm properties are used to investigate the systematic dependence of spiral structure on galaxy luminosity and mass, and to understand the basis of van den Bergh's luminosity classification of spirals. The overall length and extent of the spiral pattern is found to correlate only loosely with luminosity, corroborating earlier work by Tammann, Yahil, and Sandage, and suggesting that spiral arm development is dictated by additional parameters which are not coupled to galaxy mass. Arm width, on the other hand, appears to increase smoothly with luminosity, with a slope that is consistent with broadening by galactic rotation, or at least a shearing which scales linearly with rotation velocity. The relative arm width, normalized to the diameter of the galaxies, decreases slowly with luminosity, and in many cases appears to offer a more reliable luminosity estimate than arm development. Galaxy surface brightness is found to be virtually uncorrelated with luminosity. Taken together, the results suggest that luminosity classifications based on spiral arm properties may be reliably used at the +- 1/sup m/ level in normal galaxies, but no better, even if quantitative measurements are used.
Laminar Mixed Convection of Cold Water in a Vertical Annulus With a Heated Rotating Inner Cylinder

A numerical investigation is made to evaluate the perturbing effect of forced convection due to axial rotation of the inner cylinder on natural convection heat transfer of cold water with density inversion effects in a vertical cylindrical annulus. The mixed convection heat and fluid flow structures in the annulus are found to be strongly affected by the density inversion effects. The centrifugally forced convection can result in significant enhancement of the buoyant convection heat transfer of cold water with the density inversion parameter being equal to 0.4 or 0.5; thus the slow axial rotation of the inner cylinder can be a viable means for heat transfer augmentation of cold water natural convection in a vertical annulus.
NONLINEAR MODELS IN 2 +<-DIMENSIONS

A generalization of the nonlinear $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ model is considered. The field takes values in a compact manifold $M$ and the coupling is determined by a Riemannian metric on $M$. The model is renormalizable in $2+\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ dimensions, the renormalization group acting on the infinite-dimensional space of Riemannian metrics. Topological properties of the $\ensuremath{\beta}$ function and solutions of the fixed-point equation ${R}_{\mathrm{ij}}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\alpha}{g}_{\mathrm{ij}}={\ensuremath{\nabla}}_{i}{v}_{j}+{\ensuremath{\nabla}}_{j}{v}_{i}$, $\ensuremath{\alpha}=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1 or 0$, are discussed.
Development of a reliability model for crack growth occurrence for a secondary hull component

Ship hull vibration is a major contributor to fatigue crack growth and main engine excitation is identified as an important vibration source. A general method to solve any vibration problem arising onboard a ship does not exist, which encourages the use of a reliability-based framework for assessing ship vibration and its consequences. A stochastic model of vibration response is developed for the probabilistic formulation of the failure probability of the occurrence of crack propagation of a secondary structural hull component. The secondary structural component considered is a pipe stack support. The pipe stack support connects a cargo pump pipe stack to the wall inside the cargo tank, and the support is welded directly onto this wall. First, a generic cargo hold model is analysed with engine speed and the relative distance between the engine and the structural component under consideration as stochastic variables. Then, submodels are used to investigate the local vibration of the support and the stress response is evaluated for a combination of different engine speeds and relative distances. A surface is fitted to the vibration response and used for probabilistic analysis by Monte Carlo (MC/DSPS) and FORM/SORM reliability methods. The limit state is formulated as the possibility of fatigue crack growth based on a threshold stress intensity factor. This threshold factor depends on the initial crack size and different initial sizes are investigated. The adequacy of the functional representation for the stochastic model, which is fitted to discrete data points, is also assessed. It is seen that a functional representation using a sum of sine terms give an adequate fit for describing the stress response induced by engine speed, while a polynomial representation was adequate for the relative distance variable. The failure probability estimated by Monte Carlo simulations and SORM indicates that the pipe stack support is not critical for the occurrence of fatigue crack growth. A main observation from the analysis is that the reliability-based design of secondary structural components, also looking at the interaction with the global structure, may help to improve the vibration-induced stresses in local hull details by application of proper design measures.
Male Sex Hormones, Metabolic Syndrome, and Aquaporins: A Triad of Players in Male (in)Fertility

Infertility is becoming a chronic and emerging problem in the world. There is a resistant stigma that this health condition is mostly due to the female, although the literature supports that the responsibility for the onset of infertility is equally shared between both sexes in more or less equal proportions. Nevertheless, male sex hormones, particularly testosterone (T), are key players in male-related infertility. Indeed, hypogonadism, which is also characterized by changes in T levels, is one of the most common causes of male infertility and its incidence has been interconnected to the increased prevalence of metabolic diseases. Recent data also highlight the role of aquaporin (AQP)-mediated water and solute diffusion and the metabolic homeostasis in testicular cells suggesting a strong correlation between AQPs function, metabolism of testicular cells, and infertility. Indeed, recent studies showed that both metabolic and sexual hormone concentrations can change the expression pattern and function of AQPs. Herein, we review up-to-date information on the involvement of AQP-mediated function and permeability in men with metabolic syndrome and testosterone deficit, highlighting the putative mechanisms that show an interaction between sex hormones, AQPs, and metabolic syndrome that may contribute to male infertility.
Theory for the Faraday effect in optical fiber

The theoretical study of the fiber optic Faraday effect based on the mode theory is conducted for the first time, to my knowledge. An analytical formula that represents the Faraday effect in a single-mode fiber under the appropriate approximation is given as an explicit function of the refractive indices and Verdet constants of the core and cladding, the upsi-value of the fiber, the magnetic field, and the fiber length. The difference between the fiber optic and bulk-optic Faraday effects is made clear. The effect of the modal field spreading in the core and cladding on the fiber optic Faraday effect is examined both analytically and numerically.
Young Children's Engagement with Objects in Science Museums: A Rapid Evidence Assessment of Research

This rapid evidence assessment (REA) of literature was conducted to aggregate knowledge about young children ’ s engagement with objects in science museums. The review focuses on empirical studies published between 2000 and 2020 reporting on children in the age range from birth to eight years. Scrutiny of a ﬁ nal sample of 48 peer-reviewed papers indicated that certain museum object characteristics may arouse children ’ scuriosity morethanothers.Children ’ sinterestinmuseumobjects is enhanced and sustained by dialogical and collaborative activity with peers and adults, by sensory, emotional and cognitive engagement with objects, and by children having choice and freedom to explore museum spaces on their own terms. The review identi ﬁ es there is limited evidence pertainingtochildren ’