Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sea and land surface temperatures, ocean heat content, Earth's energy imbalance and net radiative forcing over the recent years

We investigate the global mean and regional change of sea surface and land surface temperature over 2003–2013, using a large number of different data sets, and compare with changes observed over the past few decades (starting in 1950). We find that over 2003–2013, both global land surface temperature and global sea surface temperature have increased at a rate significantly lower than over the previous decades. While confirming cooling of eastern tropical Pacific during the last decade as reported in several recent studies, our results show that the reduced rate of change of the 2003–2013 time span is a global phenomenon. GMST short‐term trends since 1950 computed over successive 11‐year windows with 1‐year overlap show important decadal variability that highly correlates with 11‐year trends of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation index. The GMST 11‐year trend distribution is well fitted by a Gaussian function, confirming an unforced origin related to internal climate variability. We evaluate the time derivative of full‐depth ocean heat content to determine the planetary energy imbalance with different approaches: in situ measurements, ocean reanalysis and global sea level budget. For 2003–2013, it amounts to 0.5 +/− 0.1 W m−2, 0.68 +/− 0.1 W m−2 and 0.65 +/− 0.1 W m−2, respectively for the three approaches. Comparing with the Energy Balanced and Filled (EBAF) data of the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy Systems (CERES) project, we find significant agreement at interannual scales. Finally, using 15‐year averages of GMST and total ocean heat content rate, we compute the net radiative forcing since 1970 (this start date being constrained by availability of ocean temperature data). Although the uncertainty is quite large because of considerable errors in the climate sensitivity parameter, we find no evidence of decrease in net radiative forcing in the recent years, but rather an increase compared to the previous decades.
Building a QA system ( IID SQuAD track )

For this project, we are dealing with building a Question Answering System that expected to perform well on SQUAD. We conducted several experiments about improving on embedding, modification of attention and application of transformer. Even though coattention didn’t perform as well as we anticipated, we obtained pretty satisfying results on BiDAF with character-level embedding and Question Answering Network models. In this report, we are going to introduce our approaches and experiments in depth and give some kind of visualizations to help evaluate our results.
Accumulating Automata and Cascaded Equations Automata for Communicationless Information Theoretically Secure Multi-Party Computation: Extended Abstract

Information theoretically secure multi-party computation implies severe communication overhead among the computing participants, as there is a need to reduce the polynomial degree after each multiplication. In particular, when the input is (practically) unbounded, the number of multiplications and therefore the communication bandwidth among the participants may be practically unbounded. In some scenarios the communication among the participants should better be avoided altogether, avoiding linkage among the secret share holders. For example, when processes in clouds operate over streaming secret shares without communicating with each other, they can actually hide their linkage and activity in the crowd. An adversary that is able to compromise processes in the cloud may need to capture and analyze a very large number of possible shares. Consider a dealer that wants to repeatedly compute functions on a long file with the assistance of m servers. The dealer does not wish to leak either the input file or the result of the computation to any of the servers. We investigate this setting given two constraints. The dealer is allowed to share each symbol of the input file among the servers and is allowed to halt the computation at any point. However, the dealer is otherwise stateless. Furthermore, each server is not allowed any communication beyond the shares of the inputs that it receives and the information it provides to the dealer during reconstruction. We present a protocol in this setting for generalized string matching, including wildcards. We also present solutions for identifying other regular languages, as well as particular context free and context sensitive languages. The results can be described by a newly defined accumulating automata and cascaded equations automata which may be of an independent interest. As an application of accumulating automata and cascaded equations automata, secure and private repeated computations on a secret shared file among communicationless clouds are presented.
Improving the Accuracy of Text Classification using Stemming Method, A Case of Informal Indonesian Conversation

As social beings, humans always interact with one another using either verbal or non-verbal language. Language is an arbitrary sound-symbol system, which is used by members of a community to cooperate, interact, and identify themselves. Indonesian language is classified into two categories, namely formal and non-formal. The former meets the grammatical standard as prescribed by linguistic rules of the language, while the latter tends to deviate it. In daily communication, however, non-formal language is more intensively used because they are more practical and easier to understand. With this tendency, non-formal language causes problems in linguistic computation because most linguistic computations use formal standard languages that already have standardized rules. This research aims to develop a dynamic Indonesian closed corpus related to airline ticket reservation, namely "Incorbiz". The "Incorbiz" will be used as stemming tool for formal and non-formal Indonesian. Text processing, text normalization, and auto-update data were proposed in this research. This research also compared two stemming techniques i.e. "Sastrawi" and "Incorbiz" to process the 30-sample dataset. The algorithm used to process the classification is Support Vector Machine (SVM). The data used to develop the "Incorbiz" were taken from conversations between customer service staff and consumers in airline ticket reservations. The result showed that "Incorbiz" had higher accuracy than "Sastrawi" on 0.89 and 0.67, respectively.
AN ALGORITHM FOR SOLVING

This paper proposes a cutting plane algorithm for solving 0-1 bilinear knapsack problem (BK), a special kind of integer quadratic programming problem in which a bilinear function ctx + dty + xtCy is to be maximized subject to disjoint knapsack constraints on x and y. This problem has applications in bipartite matching, multi-attribute utility analysis, cutting stock problems, and so on. The main purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the practicality of cutting plane algorithm which is an elaboration of similar algorithms proposed for bilinear linear programming problems and convex maxirnization problems. It will be shown that a very effective cut can be generated without excessive amount of computation and that our approach is potentially advantageous over the standard linearization approach.
Early Detection and mitigation of multi-stage network attacks

V oblasti monitorovani pocitacových siti existuje cela řada metod detekce utoků v siti, ktere ovsem ve větsi miře detekuji až samotný pokus o průnik do systemu. Vzhledem ke zpožděni danemu zpracovanim a vyhodnocenim naměřených dat se casto stava, že utok je detekovan a ohlasen až pote, co utocnik dokoncil průnik systemu a stihl způsobit skodu. Mnoho utoků vsak spojuje to, že utocnik nejprve vyhledava vhodne cile (provadi průzkum sitě) a posleze na vybrane cile utoci. Pokud bychom byli schopni detekovat utok již ve fazi připravy, mohli bychom nastavit přislusna bezpecnostni opatřeni jestě dřive, než dojde k samotnemu průniku, a přispět tak k větsi bezpecnosti sitě. Primarně nas zajima prostředi větsich siti, ve kterých je obtižne zabezpecit vsechny koncove stroje a podrobně monitorovat provoz v siti. Cilem prace je zmapovat aktualně použivane metody průzkumu sitě a navrhnout metody jejich detekce, navrhnout metody predikce průniku do systemu na zakladě detekovaných uda- losti a ověřit ucinnost navržených metod v simulovanem i realnem prostředi. Metody prů- zkumu sitě budou identifikovany na zakladě pozorovani siťových pasti (honeypotů) a jejich siťoveho provozu. Siťový provoz bude měřen pomoci siťových toků, na stejnem principu budou navrženy i detekcni metody. V ramci predikce budou vytvořeny modely utoků v siti obsa- hujici jak průzkum sitě, tak samotný utok. Na zakladě rozpoznani prvnich kroků utocnika bude idetifikovan postup utocnika a odhadnuty sekvence jeho dalsich kroků. Vyhodnoceni ucinnosti predikce utoku bude provedeno přesměrovanim podezřeleho siťoveho provozu na siťovou past, kde bude připadný utok analyzovan, aniž by ohrozil realne systemy v siti. Diky vcasne detekci a predikci průniku bude možne zareagovat na utok dřive, než dojde k průniku do systemu.
ScienceDirect 12 th Global Conference on Sustainable Manufacturing Substitution in a hybrid remanufacturing system

Increasing legislative and societal pressures are requiring manufacturers to operate more sustainably and to take responsibility for the fate of their goods after they have been used by consumers. A hybrid remanufacturing system, in which newly produced and remanufactured used goods are sold on separate markets but also act substitutes for each other, is described and modelled using a semi-Markov decision process. The model provides an optimal policy, which specifies production, remanufacturing and substitution decisions. The model is used to explore the properties of this hybrid remanufacturing system, and in particular, the managerial implications associated with upward and downward substitution. © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of Assembly Technology and Factory Management/Technische Universität Berlin.
Creating a window of opportunity for establishing ecosystem engineers by adding substratum: a case study on mussels

Ecosystem engineers typically exert positive feedback on their environment, which enhances their performance. Such positive feedback is lacking in the establishment phase, when densities are too low and/or patches are too small. There is a strong need to unravel the mechanisms for overcoming the resulting establishment thresholds, both for ecological restoration purposes and to be able to use their services. In the present study, we question whether providing a transient substratum can be used as tool to overcome establishment thresholds, by creating a window of opportunity for initial settlement, using mussels (Mytilus edulis) as a model system. Combining field and flume experiments, we study how biogenic substratum enrichment in the form of a shell layer on a soft mudflat affects the critical dislodgement thresholds and, thus, the chances of mussel establishment at different mussel densities and aggregation states. Flume results showed that the presence of a shell layer reduced dislodgement of mussel patches in low-energy environments but was conditional for establishment in high-energy environments. That is, in high-energy environments with shells, aggregation into clumps enhanced dislodgement, while dislodgement was reduced with increasing overall mussel biomass and overall mussel patch weight. Without shells, dislodgement was always 100%. These findings agreed with our field studies, which showed that coarse shell material reduced mussel losses (by a factor of 3), reduced aggregation (by a factor of 2.4), and increased attachment strength (by a factor of 2.4). Overall, our results show that the local presence of biogenic substratum increases the chance of mussel establishment by enhancing the critical hydrodynamic dislodgement threshold. Thus, the local addition of a biogenic substratum may create a window of opportunity to initiate settlement in more dynamic environments, to shift at a local scale from a bare mudflat state into an established biogenic reef state. Our findings have clear implications for how to approach restoration and management of ecosystem engineers dominated systems. For instance, when positive feedback of ecosystem engineers is lacking, (1) the transient offering of suitable settling substratum may be a necessary step to overcome establishment thresholds, and (2) this becomes increasingly important with increasing abiotic stress.
Inferring human mobility from sparse low accuracy mobile sensing data

Understanding both collective and personal human mobility is a central topic in Computational Social Science. Smartphone sensing data is emerging as a promising source for studying human mobility. However, most literature focuses on high-precision GPS positioning and high-frequency sampling, which is not always feasible in a longitudinal study or for everyday applications because location sensing has a high battery cost. In this paper we study the feasibility of inferring human mobility from sparse, low accuracy mobile sensing data. We validate our results using participants' location diaries, and analyze the inferred geographical networks, the time spent at different places, and the number of unique places over time. Our results suggest that low resolution data allows accurate inference of human mobility patterns.
MS-00565-2004 . R 2 A Constant Approximation Algorithm for the One-Warehouse Multi-Retailer Problem

A Constant Approximation Algorithm for the One-Warehouse Multi-Retailer Problem Retsef Levi Sloan School of Management, MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, retsef@mit.edu Robin Roundy School of ORIE, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, robin@orie.cornell. edu David Shmoys School of ORIE and Dept. of Computer Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, shmoys@cs.cornell. edu Maxim Sviridenko IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, P.O. Box 218, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, sviri@us.ibm. com
Enhancement of Social Network Security by Third Party Application

Social networking sites such as Facebook ,Google,twitter provide third party applications such as games and productivity applications by providing a social application platform. These interfaces enable popular site enhancements but poses privacy risks by exposing user data to third party developers. The current security mechanisms, such as privacy policies and access control mechanisms fall short on protecting the privacy of the users. In this paper, we are representing a framework for a privacy enhanced social network security application that technically enforces the protection of the personal data of a user, when interacting with social applications.Let us propose a multicriteria recommendation model that uses application based, category based, user based, and collaborative filtering mechanisms which are based on previous user decisions, and application requests to increase the privacy of the overall site's user population. Our project on the collected information indicate that the proposed framework enhanced the user security and privacy related to third-party application authorizations.
Robust Identity Verification using Signature of a Person

Signature is a behavioral biometric: it is not based on the physical properties, such as fingerprint or face, of the individual, but behavioral ones. As such, one's signature may change over time and it is not nearly as unique or difficult to forge as iris patterns or fingerprints, however signature's widespread acceptance by the public, make it more suitable for certain lower-security authentication needs. In this work we present offline signature verification
Trends of Extreme Precipitation over the Yangtze River Basin of China in 1960-2004

Recent trends of the rainfall, intensity and frequency of extreme precipitation (EP) over the Yangtze River Basin are analyzed in this paper. Since the mid-1980s the rainfall of EP in the basin has significantly increased, and the most significant increment occurred in the southeast mid-lower reaches, and southwest parts of the basin. Summer witnessed the most remarkable increase in EP amount. Both the intensity and frequency of EP events have contributed to the rising of EP amount, but increase in frequency contributed more to the increasing trend of EP than that in intensity. The average intervals between adjacent two EP events have been shortened. It is also interesting to note that the monthly distribution of EP events in the upper basin has changed, and the maximum frequency is more likely to occur in June rather than in July. The synchronization of the maximum frequency month between the upper and mid-lower reaches might have also increased the risk of heavy floods in the mid-lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
Educ. Technol. Res., 40(1)

Children of ten struggle to understand the phases of the moon. According to Agata (2004), around 40% of children in grades 4 through 6 are geocentrists, and the majority of such students do not understand why lunar phases occur. Many children lack scientif ic knowledge on the size and relative positions of the earth, sun, and moon (Brian 1987), and many confuse the waning of the moon for an eclipse, or mistakenly assume that there is an obstructing object between the earth and moon (Miyawaki and Nanbu, 1992). Learners in grades that have just f inished learning these astronomical concepts are more likely to have a proper scientif ic conception of lunar phases. However, such a conception learned in class tends to diminish, rather than persisting, as the learners advance through the grades (Miyawaki and Yoshimura, 2009). Trumper (2001a) reported that even junior high school students lack adequate scientif ic knowledge on the phases of the moon, and that many confuse lunar phases with lunar eclipses. Also there are reported that around half of senior high school students and university students lack proper scientif ic understanding of astronomical concepts (Trumper2001b, Trumper 2000). To conceptualize the phases of the moon, it is necessary to understand the relative positions and motions of objects in synchronous rotation, and to shif t from a geocentric to a heliocentric perspective. Tsuchida and Kobayashi (1986) argued that astronomy education must train students to shif t to a relative frame of reference, and they demonstrated that the perspective-shif ting ability required in astronomy is related to the perspective shif ting that people employ in everyday life. In a fact-f inding study on spatial perception, Masuda (2007) found that most Development and Evaluation of the Usefulness of Collaborative Learning on the Tangible AR Learning Equipment for Astronomy Education*
High‐precision U‐Pb geochronology of the Jurassic Yanliao Biota from Jianchang (western Liaoning Province, China): Age constraints on the rise of feathered dinosaurs and eutherian mammals

The Yanliao Biota of northeastern China comprises the oldest feathered dinosaurs, transitional pterosaurs, as well as the earliest eutherian mammals, multituberculate mammals, and new euharamiyidan species that are key elements of the Mesozoic biotic record. Recent discovery of the Yanliao Biota in the Daxishan section near the town of Linglongta, Jianchang County in western Liaoning Province have greatly enhanced our knowledge of the transition from dinosaurs to birds, primitive to derived pterosaurs, and the early evolution of mammals. Nevertheless, fundamental questions regarding the correlation of fossil‐bearing strata, rates of dinosaur and mammalian evolution, and their relationship to environmental change in deep time remain unresolved due to the paucity of precise and accurate temporal constraints. These limitations underscore the importance of placing the rich fossil record of Jianchang within a high‐resolution chronostratigraphic framework that has thus far been hampered by the relatively low precision of in situ radioisotopic dating techniques. Here we present high‐precision U‐Pb zircon geochronology by the chemical abrasion isotope dilution thermal ionization mass spectrometry (CA‐ID‐TIMS) from three interstratified ash beds previously dated by secondary‐ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) technique. The results constrain the key fossil horizons of the Daxishan section to an interval spanning 160.89 to 160.25 Ma with 2σ analytical uncertainties that range from ±46 to ±69 kyr. These data place the Yanliao Biota from Jianchang in the Oxfordian Stage of the Late Jurassic, and mark the Daxishan section as the site of Earth's oldest precisely dated feathered dinosaurs and eutherian mammals.
SMU Data Science Review SMU Data Aspect-based Sentiment Analysis of Movie Reviews Aspect-based Sentiment Analysis of Movie Reviews

– This study investigates a comparison of classiﬁcation models used to determine aspect based separated text sentiment and predict binary sentiments of movie reviews with genre and aspect specific driving factors. To gain a broader classiﬁcation analysis, ﬁve machine and deep learning algorithms were compared: Logistic Regression (LR), Naive Bayes (NB), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Recurrent Neural Network Long-Short-Term Memory (RNN LSTM). The various movie aspects that are utilized to separate the sentences are determined through aggregating aspect words from lexicon-base, supervised and unsupervised learning. The driving factors are randomly assigned to various movie aspects and their impact tied to each aspect and genre leading to the sentiment classification has been fully investigated based on the accuracy of each model. The study shows that assigning higher driving factors to certain aspects and genre result in the higher accuracy of the sentiment prediction models that utilized in this research.
Managing Discovery, Distribution, Failure and Reconfiguration

Pervasive connectivity in machine to machine communication as well as advancements in sensor and actuator technology has given rise to the Internet of Things (IoT). For companies such as Siemens, the IoT concept plays a tremendous role for their ongoing evolution towards full digitalization, since possible applications range from smarter cities and eHealth systems, to Industry 4.0 [1]. Another example of such a business application for IoT is building automation systems, which will transform into IoT environments, where the various components of a building infrastructure (e.g., lights, switches, window shutters, air conditioners, light sensors, thermostats, etc.) will be IoT-enabled. This IoT enablement will lead to a pervasive use of web technologies [2], such as the HTTP protocol, REST interfaces and data exchanged via JSON.
Risk Aversion and Trade-Union Membership∗

If trade unions provide only their members with insurance against income variations, as a private good, this insurance will provide a stronger incentive for more risk-averse employees to become union members. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) and various direct measures of individual risk attitudes, we find robust evidence of a positive relationship between risk aversion and the likelihood of union membership for full-time employees. This association is particularly strong for males and in West Germany.