Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Synoptic Weather Pattern and Surface Particulate Matter (PM) Concentration During Winter and Spring Seasons Over South Korea

Regional air quality over East Asia, including South Korea, has recently become a center of public attention because of a few episodes of very high particulate matter (PM) concentrations. Predicting PM variation with lead time of a few hours up to days is one of the key areas that the governments are working on because it can benefit from an early warning system to short‐term mitigation effort. In this study, the influence of synoptic weather conditions on regional air quality was investigated with the occurrence frequencies of PM episodes as a function of various synoptic weather patterns during winter and spring. During winter, dry moderate (DM) types occur frequently alongside high PM cases (24 hr mean PM10 concentration > 100μgm−3 $100\,{\upmu }\mathrm{g}{\mathrm{m}}^{-3}$ ). The composite weather map showed a weak northwesterly wind field as a potential cause. On the contrary, it is interesting to note that dry polar types can be associated with low PM cases (24 hr mean PM10 concentration < 100μgm−3 $100\,{\upmu }\mathrm{g}{\mathrm{m}}^{-3}$ ) as well as high PM depending on near‐surface wind speed. Furthermore, DM and dry tropical types were found to be highly correlated with high (higher) PM concentrations during spring season, likely because of the enhanced static stability in the lower troposphere. It should be noted that PM concentration depends on the lower atmospheric stability. The close relationship between synoptic weather patterns and PM concentration suggests that synoptic weather can play an important role in regional air quality.
On the Error Estimates of a New Operator Splitting Scheme for the Navier-Stokes Equations with Coriolis Force

An operator splitting scheme is introduced for the numerical solution of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with Coriolis force. Under some mild regularity assumptions on the continuous solution, error estimates and the stability analysis for the velocity and the pressure of the new operator splitting scheme are obtained. Some numerical results are presented to verify the theoretical predictions.
Basis pursuit for frequency‐domain identification

W. Sprößig In this paper, we propose a new adaptive method for frequency‐domain identification problem of discrete LTI systems. It is based on a dictionary that is consisting of normalized reproducing kernels. We prove that the singular values of the matrix generated by this dictionary converge to zero rapidly; this makes it quite efficient in representing the original systems with only a few elements. For different systems, it results in different selected sequences from the dictionary, that is, its adaptivity. Meanwhile, the stability of results is automatically guaranteed according to the structure of the dictionary. Two examples are presented to illustrate the idea. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Orbital Period and Time-variable Asymmetric Accretion Disk in the X-Ray Binary MS 1603.6+2600 (=UW Coronae Borealis)

We present CCD photometry of the low-mass X-ray binary UW Coronae Borealis (UW CrB). Its light curve shows eclipses at a period near 111 minutes, but the eclipses vary in depth and shape and often disappear. Restricting our analysis to the deeper eclipses, we find the orbital period to be 110.976722 ± 0.000012 minutes, but the times of mideclipse can deviate by more than 0.025 in phase from the best-fit ephemeris. There is an additional large-amplitude variation with a period of 112.58 ± 0.03 minutes reminiscent of the superhumps seen in the light curves of some cataclysmic variables. The variations of the eclipse morphology are not random, repeating at a period near 5.5 days, and the shape of the superhump-like modulation also varies at this period. We interpret the light curve as the eclipse of the accretion disk around the neutron star by the secondary star. The surface brightness of the accretion disk is strongly asymmetric and highly variable, producing the variations of the eclipse morphology and times of mideclipse. A model in which the distribution of surface brightness is elliptical and precesses at the 5.5 day period reproduces the eclipse depths and the times of mideclipse reasonably well. As 112.6 minutes is the beat period between 110.97672 minutes and 5.5 days, the superhump-like variability is closely related to the precessing elliptical disk, but the causal relationship is unclear.
A model of solar granulation through inverse cascade

Non-linear interactions between small fluid elements in an energetically open system facilitate the formation of large coherent stable structures. This is known as self-organization. We interpret solar granulation on all scales to be the results of self-organization processes occurring in the turbulent medium of the solar atmosphere. This mechanism provides explanations for the intrinsic weakness of mesogranulation and the rare appearance of giant cells in addition to the sizes and lifetimes of these structures. The entire energy spectrum from the smallest granules to the largest giant cells brings out the prevalence of Kolmogorov's K −5/3 law
Multi-Omics Uncover the Mechanism of Wheat under Heavy Metal Stress

Environmental pollution of heavy metals has received growing attention in recent years. Heavy metals such as cadmium, lead and mercury can cause physiological and morphological disturbances which adversely affect the growth and quality of crops. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) can accumulate high contents of heavy metals in its edible parts. Understanding wheat response to heavy metal stress and its management in decreasing heavy metal uptake and accumulation may help to improve its growth and grain quality. Very recently, emerging advances in heavy metal toxicity and phytoremediation methods to reduce heavy metal pollution have been made in wheat. Especially, the molecular mechanisms of wheat under heavy metal stress are increasingly being recognized. In this review, we focus on the recently described epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, ionomics and multi-omics combination, as well as functional genes uncovering heavy metal stress in wheat. The findings in this review provide some insights into challenges and future recommendations for wheat under heavy metal stress.
Theoretical photodissociation probability of the CN radical

SCF-CI calculations of the photodissociation probability of the CN radical both with and without Rydberg functions in the basis set are presented. They have shown that there is no Rydberg state under the interstellar cut-off limit (13.6 eV above the ground state v=0). A value of 7.4*10-10s-1 has been determined, which is in close agreement with the interstellar-medium models.
Wind of Bamboo: A Chinese Handwriting Mingling Interactive Installation Based on Human-Ai Collaborative Font Design

In the era of information, the feeling that the pen tip rubs against the paper is getting farther away, and the way of writing Chinese characters with strokes is gradually alienating. In response to this problem, this work tries to help people relive the touch of handwriting through the mingling of real and virtual experiences. The designer collaborated with AI to design a Chinese font that integrates bamboo leaves’ shape and Chinese characters’ structure. Based on the font, an interactive installation was set up to start a virtual Chinese poetry bamboo forest scene through real handwriting behavior.
Theory of scattering-limited and ballistic mobility and saturation velocity in low-dimensional nanostructures

Here we show the fundamental processes on nanoscale that may influence the design and extension of nanotechnology chips, sensors, and systems. The focus is on the breakdown of Ohm's Law in nanoscale devices extensively being used to assess the performance of a "system-on-a-chip," may it be for bio, chemical, physical or engineering applications. Novel insights on theories of three sources of transformation of Ohm's Law are enumerated: quantum confinement in low-dimensional nanostructures, ballistic transport when conducting channel length is smaller than the mean free path, and high-field initiated carrier asymmetric distribution. The saturation velocity arising from the high-field initiated mobility degradation is shown to be the intrinsic velocity that depends on the nanostructure dimensionality, its carrier concentration, and the ambient temperature, in direct contrast to single number that is quoted in the literature. The ballistic intrinsic velocity is the ultimate saturation velocity that can be lowered by the onset of a quantum emission that may be an optical phonon or a quantum emitted from an excited quantized level to the ground state. The results presented will have profound impact in interpretation of data on a variety of nanotechnology devices and systems that may exist with varying low dimensionality, classical (analogue) in one or more of the three Cartesian directions, while other directions go quantum (digitized energies).
Ambipolar copper phthalocyanine transistors with carbon nanotube array electrodes

We report on organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) based on copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) having electrodes consisting of isolated carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays embedded in the organic layer. CuPc OTFT with CNT array electrodes show p-type behavior with Ohmic hole injection, high hole mobility, and enhanced switching characteristics at low voltage. The p-type devices are converted to ambipolar OTFT by vacuum annealing. Despite the large offset between the CNT work function and the CuPc energy levels, electron injection characteristics are also Ohmic. The extension of CNT electrodes to the phthalocyanine family confirms the validity of this contact approach for organic electronic devices.
ASYMPTOTIC BEHAVIOR OF SOLUTIONS TO SOME nTH ORDER LINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

where gj(t), j=O, , n-2, are continuous on [to, oo), in terms of the known functions zi (t), * * *, Zn (t). Specifically, we seek conditions in order that for each solution u(t) of (2), there exist constants Aj, j = 1, * * *, n, such that (3) u (t) = Al(t)z (t) + + An(t)z (t) i = 0, ** *,- 1, and
A raster scan SAR system for ultra-wide swath imaging

To overcome the inherent conflict between azimuth resolution and wide swath in conventional synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems, the concept of raster scan SAR (RS-SAR) is proposed in this letter, where wide swath observation is realized by slant beam scanning and effective reception of echo data is achieved by varying the pulse repetition frequency. Details of the RS-SAR are provided, and its significantly improved performance is demonstrated by an example system based on several derived key performance indicators.
State estimation and fault detection and identification for constrained stochastic linear hybrid systems

In this study, a fault detection and identification (FDI) scheme are proposed for constrained stochastic linear hybrid systems (CSLHSs) based on our proposed constrained innovation hybrid estimator (CIHE). CSLHSs are stochastic linear hybrid systems that have state equality constraints on the dynamics of each mode. The CIHE is derived to estimate the CSLHS in such a way that the expectation of the innovations of the mode-matched filters satisfy the constraints. Therefore the constraint information is available in the residual of the CIHE for FDI of not only system dynamic faults but also constraint violations. Each constrained, mode-matched filter is proved to be unbiased, satisfy the constraint, and have smaller estimation error than corresponding unconstrained filters. It is also proved that the CIHE is unbiased and that three residuals from the CIHE have zero mean with a given covariance for different cases of system faults. By monitoring the statistical properties of these residuals, both constraint and discrete faults are detected and identified. The estimation and FDI characteristics of the CIHE algorithm are illustrated using a water tank system as an example.
A robust baseline removal method for guided wave damage localization

Guided waves can propagate long distances and are sensitive to subtle structural damage. Guided-wave based damage localization often requires extracting the scatter signal(s) produced by damage, which is typically obtained by subtracting an intact baseline record from a record to be tested. However, in practical applications, environmental and operational conditions (EOC) dramatically affect guided wave signals. In this case, the baseline subtraction process can no longer perfectly remove the baseline, thereby defeating localization algorithms. In previous work, we showed that singular value decomposition (SVD) can be used to detect the presence of damage under large EOC variations, because it can differentiate the trends of damage from other EOC variations. This capability of differentiation implies that SVD can also robustly extract a scatter signal, originating from damage in the structure, that is not affected by temperature variation. This process allows us to extract a scatterer signal without the challenges associated with traditional temperature compensation and baseline subtraction routines. In this work, we use to approach to localize structural damage in large, spatially and temporally varying EOCs. We collect pitch-catch records from randomly placed PZT transducers on an aluminum plate while undergoing temperature variations. Damage is introduced to the plate during the monitoring period. We then use our SVD method to extract the scatter signal from the records, and use the scatter signal to localize damage using the delay-and-sum method. To compare results, we also apply several temperature compensation methods to the records and then perform baseline subtraction. We show that our SVD-based approach successfully localize damage while current temperature-compensated baseline subtraction methods fail.
A SIMPLE THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODEL FOR THE STUDY OF LARGE-SCALE EXTRATROPICAL FLOW PATTERNS

Abstract A study is made of the hydrostatic and quasi-geostrophic motion of two superimposed layers of homogeneous and incompressible fluids of different densities, these fluids being contained between two rigid, horizontal plates. It is found that the local time derivatives of the pressure heights in the two layers and the height of their interface can be determined from partial differential equations similar to those developed by Charney for the equivalent-barotropic model. The possibility of using this two-layer model to represent motions of a continuously stratified, baroclinic troposphere is explored by comparing the behavior of small perturbations superimposed on a zonal current in the two-layer model with the results of the continuous baroclinic perturbation theories of Eady and Fjortoft. The remarkable similarity of behavior of the two-layer and the continuous perturbation models, which appears from this comparison, suggests that if the initial flow patterns of the two-layer model are determined f.
Formation of MIB complex containing the MICOS complex causes curvature of mitochondrial inner membrane

European Bioinformatics Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Oregon Health and Science University. The contents of this document may be freely copied and distributed in any media, provided the authors, plus the institutions, are credited, as stated under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License. For more information see our license. 24/12/2022
Development of neural network controller for control of debutanization process in rectification column of gas-fractionating plant

In process systems, stabilizing parameters and bringing the process to technological mode is a rather difficult task. Control and control of parameters in manual mode does not produce effective results, and for this reason the introduction of an improved control system is required to eliminate human factor errors. Currently, the best efficiency is shown by neural networks, which are used for an advanced control and prediction system. The purpose of the study: in this project, a neural network controller is being developed to control the debutanization process of the gas fractionation plant in the Matlab Simulink environment. Cascade neural networks consisting of a certain number of layers and neurons are used to develop the project. During the work, a cascade neural network was selected, in which the parameters of the technological system were trained.
Study of osseointegration properties of multilayer coatings with a biodegradable film of flavonoid nanoaggregates

Characteristics of new implant coating of materials obtained by the method of induction heat treatment and modified by flavonoids nanoaggregates are studied and the prospects for their use in dental animal implantology are presented. It has been established that for a non-toxic biofunctional coating forming on a surface of implantation materials, it is had to apply the following concentrations of substances: propolis - 1.25 mg / 1 ml, polymer - no more than 0.0001%. Research has shown that experimental implants coatings do not inhibit erythropoiesis and leucogenesis. In addition, absence of sharp dispersion in calcium, phosphorus, creatinine and urea level, recovery of primary AST, ALT activity and the minimum values of C-reactive protein in experimental group animals in early term indicate implants have not any toxic effect.
Application of strain-sensitive graphite layers on fabric

The possibility of manufacturing wearable electronics elements, for example, strain gauges or antennas of RFID tags, by applying or locally applying a layer of electrically conductive graphite polymer compositions to the surface of a fabric (knitwear) using printing technologies has been studied. The pliable tape-shaped prints can be used as strain gauges to be placed on human clothing or robot arms. The tensile limits of sensors made on fibrous substrates of various structures using graphite dispersions in the form of powders and aerosols have been established. The strain sensitivity coefficients of the sensors are determined. The advantage of glueless spraying of a liquid composition of graphite in the form of an aerosol onto fibrous materials is shown.
Comparison Study of Aluminum Camshafts alloyed with different ratio of Silicon

There has always been a drastic requirement of innovative designs in the automotive industry. To accomplish this, advanced materials and newer techniques have been constantly utilized. Designers in the automotive industry always look forward towards innovation in design of cam shafts or innovation in its course of action. Weight reduction in automobile parts, constantly plays a major part in all automobile parts. Innovation in design of cam shafts could be brought about by the use of computer aided engineering. Currently, use of composite materials is widespread in order to bring about the required change in the property of materials. Nowadays, Aluminum-Silicon alloy is rapidly used for its greater strength-to-weight ratio, increased wear resistance, less density and its property of less thermal expansion coefficient. In the present work, three types of Aluminum-Silicon cast alloy materials Al-SiC 9, Al-SiC 10 and Al-SiC 12 were modeled using Creo Elements software. It was analysed for structural deformation; viz; stress, deformation and strain using ANSYS static structural 14.5 software. From the results obtained, it was clearly evident that the Aluminum-Silicon cast alloy Al-SiC 12 material shows low stress and deformation values among all three types of Aluminum-Silicon cast alloy materials that was taken for taken in for analysis.
Wave modulation in a nonlinear dispersive medium

A model describing the simultaneous amplitude and phase modulation of a carrier wave propagating in a nonlinear dispersive medium is developed in terms of nonlinear wave‐wave interactions between the sidebands and a low frequency wave. It is also shown that the asymmetric distribution of sidebands is determined by the wavenumber dependence of the coupling coefficient. Digital complex demodulation techniques are used to study modulated waves in a weakly ionized plasma and the experimental results support the analytical model.
Small Magellanic Cloud Field Stars Meddling in Star Cluster Age Estimates

I revisited the age of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) cluster HW 42, whose previous estimates differ in more than 6 Gyr, thus challenging the most updated knowledge of the SMC star formation history. I performed an analysis of number stellar density profiles at different brightness levels; carried out a field star decontamination of the cluster color–magnitude diagram; and estimated the cluster fundamental parameters from the minimization of likelihood functions and their uncertainties from standard bootstrap methods. I conclude that HW 42 is a 6.2−1.3+1.6 Gyr old ([Fe/H] = −0.89 −0.11+0.10 dex) SMC cluster projected on to a SMC composite star field population which shows variations in magnitude, color, and stellar density of Main Sequence stars. The present outcome solves the conundrum of the previous age discrepancies and moves HW 42 to a region in the SMC age–metallicity relationship populated by star clusters.
Higher geometric prequantum theory

We develop the refinement of geometric prequantum theory to higher geometry (higher stacks), where a prequantization is given by a higher principal connection (a higher gerbe with connection). We show fairly generally how there is canonically a tower of higher gauge groupoids and Courant groupoids assigned to a higher prequantization, and establish the corresponding Atiyah sequence as an integrated Kostant-Souriau infinity-group extensions of higher Hamiltonian symplectomorphisms by higher quantomorphisms. We also exhibit the infinity-group cocycle which classifies this extension and discuss how its restrictions along Hamiltonian infinity-actions yield higher Heisenberg cocycles. In the special case of higher differential geometry over smooth manifolds we find the L-infinity-algebra extension of Hamiltonian vector fields which is the higher Poisson bracket of local observables and show that it is equivalent to the construction proposed by the second author in n-plectic geometry. Finally we indicate a list of examples of applications of higher prequantum theory in the extended geometric quantization of local quantum field theories and specifically in string geometry.
Real-time measurements of NMVOCs in the central IGB, Lucknow, India: Source characterization and their role in O 3 and SOA formation

: Lucknow is the capital of India’s largest state, Uttar Pradesh, one of South Asia’s most polluted urban cities. Tropospheric photochemistry relies on non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs), which are 15 ozone and secondary organic aerosol precursors. Using the proton-transfer reaction time of flight mass spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS) at an urban background site in Lucknow, the chemical characterisation of NMVOCs was performed in real-time from Dec-2020- May 2021. The campaign mean concentrations of the NMVOCs were 125.5 ±37.5 ppbv. The average concentrations of NMVOCs are relatively high during winter. An advanced multi-linear engine (ME-2) model was used to perform the NMVOCs source apportionment using positive matrix 20 factorisation (PMF). It resolves the five main sources contributing to these organic compounds in the atmosphere. They include traffic, two solid fuel combustion factors, secondary volatile organic compounds and volatile chemical products. Biomass burning contributes most to the NMVOCs and SOA formation, while interestingly, traffic sources most influence ozone formation. Significant differences in the composition of the two solid fuel combustion indicate the influence of local emissions and transport of regional pollution to the city. The