Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Oral L-Citrulline Supplementation on Lipoprotein Oxidation and Endothelial Dysfunction in Humans with Vasospastic Angina

Background: Decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and increased lipid oxidation are associated with progressive endothelial dysfunction. L-Citrulline, the effective precursor of L-arginine which is essential as a substrate for endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), is effective in enhancing NO-dependent signaling. However, little is known about the efficacy of L-citrulline supplementation on lipoprotein oxidation and endothelial dysfunction. Methods: Twenty-two patients (aged 41 - 64 years old) diagnosed with vasospastic angina with flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery (< 5.5 %) received 800 mg/day of L-citrulline for 8 weeks. FMD (%), blood NOx, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), small dense LDL, oxidized lipids, amino acids concentrations were measured before and after supplementation. Results: Compared with baseline values, FMD (%) was significantly improved at 4 and 8 weeks as well as at 4 weeks after the end of intake. L-Citrulline supplementation caused a significant lowering of plasma ADMA levels. Plasma L-arginine/ADMA ratio and NOx levels rose markedly throughout the study period. Moreover, significant reductions of serum oxidized LDL and lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor 1 (LOX-1) ligand containing ApoB (LAB), an indicator of the biological activity of oxidized lipoprotein binding to LOX-1, were observed after L-citrulline intake. Conclusions: L-Citrulline supplementation improves endothelial dysfunction, probably due to potentiating NO-dependent reactions and decreasing the state of lipoprotein oxidation in humans.
Concurrent and parallel transmissions are optimal for low data-rate IR-UWB networks

The Internet of Things, emerging pervasive and sensor networks are low data-rate wireless networks with, a priori, no specific topology and no fixed infrastructure. Their primary requirements are twofold: first, low power consumption and, due to environmental concerns, low emitted power. Second, robustness to poor propagation environments and multi-user interference. Impulse-radio ultra-wide band (IR-UWB) physical layers have the potential to satisfy these requirements. Because the features of IR-UWB physical layers differ from narrow-band physical layers, the design rules of IR-UWB networks are likely to be different than for narrow-band wireless networks. Indeed, to optimally use the resources available, it is crucial for the network layers to take into account and take advantage of the underlying physical layer. Therefore, we are interested in the design of IR-UWB networks in a low data-rate, self-organized, and multi-hop context. We concentrate on the medium access control (MAC) layer and the physical layer. In the case of low data-rate IR-UWB networks, the optimal design is to allow for parallel and concurrent transmissions at the MAC layer. Interference is managed with rate adaptation, no power control and an interference mitigation scheme at the physical layer. A protocol that implements the optimal design and allows for parallel transmissions outperforms protocols that use exclusion or power control.
A pilot study of the trauma recovery group for veterans with post traumatic stress disorder and co-occurring serious mental illness

Abstract Background: Many Veterans may not benefit from gold-standard evidence-based treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) because they suffer from co-occurring serious mental illness (SMI). Aims: This pilot study is the first to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of the Trauma Recovery Group in a sample of Veterans with PTSD and SMI. Methods: Fourteen Veterans with PTSD and SMI were enrolled in a 21-session group-based cognitive behavioral therapy program targeting PTSD. The PTSD Checklist was the primary outcome measure; secondary outcomes included the Participant Health Questionnaire, the Post Traumatic Cognitions Inventory, and the Beck Cognitive Insight Scale. Results: Seventy-one percent of participants completed the trial. The intervention was associated with a significant reduction of PTSD symptoms and a trend-level reduction of maladaptive post-traumatic cognitions. There was a significant positive correlation between change in PTSD symptoms and change in post-traumatic cognitions. Conclusions: The findings support the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of the Trauma Recovery Group for Veterans with co-occurring PTSD and SMI, and suggest that controlled research on the program is warranted.
Blood Perfusion in Human Eyelid Skin Flaps Examined by Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging-Importance of Flap Length and the Use of Diathermy.

PURPOSE It is well known that blood perfusion is important for the survival of skin flaps. As no study has been conducted to investigate how the blood perfusion in human eyelid skin flaps is affected by the flap length and diathermy, the present study was carried out to investigate these in patients. METHODS Fifteen upper eyelids were dissected as part of a blepharoplastic procedure, releasing a 30-mm long piece of skin, while allowing the 5 mm wide distal part of the skin to remain attached, to mimic a skin flap (hereafter called a "skin flap"). Blood perfusion was measured before and after repeated diathermy, using laser speckle contrast imaging. RESULTS Blood perfusion decreased from the base to the tip of the flap: 5 mm from the base, the perfusion was 69%, at 10 mm it was 40%, at 15 mm it was 20%, and at 20 mm it was only 13% of baseline values. Diathermy further decreased blood perfusion (measured 15 mm from the base) to 13% after applying diathermy for the first time, to 6% after the second and to 4% after the third applications of diathermy. CONCLUSIONS Blood perfusion falls rapidly with distance from the base of skin flaps on the human eyelid, and diathermy reduces blood perfusion even further. Clinically, it may be advised that flaps with a width of 5 mm be no longer than 15 mm (i.e., a width:length ratio of 1:3), and that the use of diathermy should be carefully considered.
A behavioral view on chimpanzee personality: Exploration tendency, persistence, boldness, and tool‐orientation measured with group experiments

Human and nonhuman animals show personality: temporal and contextual consistency in behavior patterns that vary among individuals. In contrast to most other species, personality of chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes, has mainly been studied with non‐behavioral methods. We examined boldness, exploration tendency, persistence and tool‐orientation in 29 captive chimpanzees using repeated experiments conducted in an ecologically valid social setting. High temporal repeatability and contextual consistency in all these traits indicated they reflected personality. In addition, Principal Component Analysis revealed two independent syndromes, labeled exploration‐persistence and boldness. We found no sex or rank differences in the trait scores, but the scores declined with age. Nonetheless, there was considerable inter‐individual variation within age‐classes, suggesting that behavior was not merely determined by age but also by dispositional effects. In conclusion, our study complements earlier rating studies and adds new traits to the chimpanzee personality, thereby supporting the existence of multiple personality traits among chimpanzees. We stress the importance of ecologically valid behavioral research to assess multiple personality traits and their association, as it allows inclusion of ape studies in the comparison of personality structures across species studied behaviorally, and furthers our attempts to unravel the causes and consequences of animal personality. Am. J. Primatol. 75:947–958, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Relations of social anxiety variables to drinking motives, drinking quantity and frequency, and alcohol-related problems in undergraduates

Background: The co-morbidity between social phobia and alcohol disorder is well established. Aims: This study investigated the nature of the relationship between traits associated with these disorders. Method: A total of 157 undergraduate drinkers (112 women; 45 men) completed measures tapping aspects of social phobia (i.e., the Social Avoidance and Distress Scale and the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation scale) and drinking behavior (i.e., the Drinking Motives Questionnaire – Revised, quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption, and the Rutgers Alcohol Problem Index). Results: Correlational analyses (controlling for gender) revealed that: (i) social avoidance and distress was significantly negatively related to drinking frequency; (ii) fear of negative evaluation and social avoidance and distress were both significantly positively related to drinking to cope with negative emotions and to conform to peer pressure; and (iii) fear of negative evaluation was also significantly positively related to drinking to socialize and to drinking problems. The relationship between fear of negative evaluation and drinking problems was mediated by coping and conformity drinking motives. Conclusions: Implications for developing effective integrated treatments for co-occurring social anxiety and alcohol problems are discussed, as are preventative implications.
Protein metabolism and injury.

INTRODUCTION . 433 BODY COMPOSITION AND PROTEIN LOSS . 434 PROTEIN-ENERGY INTERRELATIONS . 436 PROTEIN METABOLISM IN STARVATION . 437 PROTEIN METABOLISM IN INJURY . 439 PLASMA AMINO ACIDS IN INJURy . 442 MUSCLE AND PLASMA AMINO ACIDS IN INJURy. 444 PROTEIN SYNTHESIS AND DEGRADATION . 445 Whole Body Protein Turnover . 446 Norlfl(ll Values . 447 Effects of Nutrition and Exercise . 447 Effects of Injury on Whole Body Protein Turnover . 448 RATES OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS AND DEGRADATION IN INDIVIDUAL ORGANS OR TISSUES . 450 Liver. 45 1 Muscle . 45 1 Effects of Injury on Protein Turnover in Individual Organs . 452 Factors Mediating the Effect of Injury on Muscle Protein Degradation . 453 THE INFLUENCE OF NUTRITION ON PROTEIN METABOLISM . 453 FUTURE STUDIES OF THE EFFECTS OF INJURY ON PROTEIN METABOLISM 458
Individual differences in ethno-gender as a function of cognitive style and behavioral biases

This study investigates the interaction between race and gender with respect to CRT (Cognitive Reflection Test) as well as to testing whether the behavioral biases are different across the interaction. The results indicate that males score higher than female in general in the three CRT questions. In addition, Chinese males and females scored higher than Malay males and females in all CRT questions. This result is relevant in finance and economic due to its applicability on decision making in general. Individuals face decisions daily and sometimes make an impulsive reaction due to many factors. Similarly, investors face such challenges and they need to make decision based on certain situations. However, stock market does not only include the investors who use system two more than one. Therefore, it is important that investors understand the influence of these systems on their decision making process.
Structural Issues and Reforms in Financial (non-bank) Market in Pakistan

A large body of research now links financial sector development, including the depth of the banking system, liquidity in capital market, and financial liberalisation to long-run growth and poverty reduction. According to a recent World Bank report,1 “As the dust settles from the great financial crises of 1997-98, the potentially disastrous consequences of weak financial markets are apparent”. The report further states that the importance of getting financial policy making right has become one of the most critical development issues in this century. In the past, there have been two extreme approaches concerning financial market regulation. One clearly supports the central role of state in the financial markets, whereas, the other sees state intervention more of a problem than as the solution. Of these two rather diverging ideologies, the International Financial Institutions (IFIs) advocate the development of market institutions, more liberalisation and lesser role of state. Pakistan has been following IFI advice in this regard. However, after the East Asian Crisis, a strong point of view has emerged that believes that in developing countries, ruling out state’s role from financial markets is unrealistic. But, the state has to play a developmental role. According to Stiglitz (1991), “governments have played a central role—whether good or ill may be debated—in the development of most of those countries which today belong among the more developed”. The financial policy focus in developing countries is quite often donor directed and is tilted towards the provision of diversified financial services. Capital market development is an important element of this policy, as it is considered as a flexible alternative to bank financing and useful in diversifying ownership of assets.
Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension

Opinion statementThe pulmonary hypertension (PH) and right heart dysfunction that results from chronic thromboembolic involvement of the pulmonary vascular bed is potentially curable with surgical endarterectomy. Over the past several decades, growing clinical experience has brought about increased recognition of this treatable form of PH. Moreover, advances in cardiothoracic surgical techniques have given an increasing number of patients with chronic thromboembolic PH (CTEPH) a surgical remedy with decreasing perioperative morbidity and mortality risks. The availability of pulmonary hypertensive—specific medical therapy for CTEPH patients with surgically inaccessible disease also has been a positive therapeutic advance over the past several years. However, despite this progress, chronic thromboembolic disease as a sequela of acute pulmonary emboli continues to be underappreciated. Furthermore, even if CTEPH has been appropriately diagnosed, misinterpretation of diagnostic information may lead to the inappropriate exclusion of patients from surgical consideration. This may result in the prescription of pulmonary hypertensive medical therapy in CTEPH patients with potentially surgically correctable disease. This difficulty arises from a lack of objective criteria as to what constitutes surgical chronic thromboembolic disease, which primarily is a result of the variability in surgical experience in specialty centers in the United States. Consequently, clinicians must be wary about using pulmonary hypertensive medications in CTEPH patients. Before prescription, it is important to exclude patients from surgical consideration by consulting a specialized center with expertise in this discipline.
Machine learning components in deterministic models: hybrid synergy in the age of data

Physics-based numerical models designed to study processes on the surface of the Earth are commonly built with conservation laws. Yet conservations laws are based on a treatable subset of all physical and biological processes operating in the system of interest, and empirical relationships are always required to fully describe systems (and provide mathematical “closure”). In contrast to conservation laws, empirical expressions used in model construction are inductive, and based on observations of phenomena. Any model that requires empirical expressions is also subject to revision as the empirical parameterization is refined: all empiricism is open to revision by corroborating or conflicting data. As more data becomes available, and more degrees of freedom are explored, it becomes harder to incorporate all available data into a single optimal empirical predictor. We argue in this contribution that empirical parameterizations for numerical models should be constructed using machine learning techniques because these techniques are built to operate on large, high dimensional datasets. Machine learning, in the context of this paper, defines a suite of algorithms used to develop predictive relationships (correlations) using a set of input data. Examples of commonly used machine learning techniques in the Earth sciences are artificial neural networks (e.g., Maier and Dandy, 2000; Pape et al., 2007; van Maanen et al., 2010), regression trees (e.g., Snelder et al., 2009; Oehler et al., 2012), Bayesian networks (e.g., Aguilera et al., 2011; Yates and Le Cozannet, 2012), and evolutionary algorithms (e.g., Knaapen and Hulscher, 2002; Ruessink, 2005; Goldstein et al., 2013). Machine learning techniques offer insight and are high-performance, reproducible, and scalable. The inclusion of powerful inductive techniques like those provided by machine learning offers the opportunity to enhance the predictions obtained from deductive approaches. Additionally the use of machine learning often leads to further insight. The use of empiricisms built from machine learning in a physics-based model results in a “hybrid” model. Combining the strengths of inductive (data-driven) and deductive (physics-based) approaches in a single hybrid model has been suggested as a valuable step forward in model development because of increases in accuracy (e.g., Babovic et al., 2001; Hall, 2004) and speed (Krasnopolsky and Fox-Rabinovitz, 2006). An additional benefit is the direct coupling of models to data,
Efficient Hardware-Assisted Logging with Asynchronous and Direct-Update for Persistent Memory

Supporting atomic durability in emerging persistent memory requires data consistency across potential system failures. For atomic durability support in the non-volatile memory, the traditional write-ahead log (WAL) technique has been employed to guarantee the persistency of logs before actual data updates. Based on the WAL mechanism, recent studies proposed HWassisted logging techniques with undo, redo, or undo+redo principles. The HW log manager allows the overlapping of log writing and transaction execution, as long as the atomicity invariant can be satisfied. Although the efficiency of both log and data writes must be optimized, the prior work exhibit trade-offs in performance under various access patterns. The undo approach experiences performance degradation due to synchronous inplace data updates since the log contains only the old values. On the other hand, the undo+redo approach stores both old and new values, and does not require synchronous in-place data updates. However, the larger log size increases the amount of log writes. The prior redo approach demands extra NVM read bandwidth for indirectly updating in-place data from the new values in logs. To overcome the limitations of the previous approaches, this paper proposes a novel redo-based logging (ReDU), which performs direct and asynchronous in-place data update to NVM. ReDU exploits a small region of DRAM as a write-cache to remove NVM writes from the critical path. The experimental results show that the proposed logging mechanism provides the best performance under a variety of write patterns, showing 8.6%, 14.2%, and 23.6% better performance compared to the previous undo, redo, and undo+redo approaches, respectively.
Journal of Experimental Psychology: General When Time Flies: How Abstract and Concrete Mental Construal Affect the Perception of Time

and concrete thinking: Consequences for insight and creative cognition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87, 177–189. Fortin, C. (2003). Attentional time-sharing in interval timing. In W. H. Meck (Ed.), Functional and neural mechanisms of interval timing (pp. 235–260). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. doi:10.1201/9780203009574.ch9 Fraisse, P. (1963). The psychology of time. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. Freitas, A. L. , Gollwitzer, P., & Trope, Y. (2004). The influence of abstract and concrete mind-sets on anticipating and guiding others’ selfregulatory efforts. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 40, 739– 752. doi:10.1016/j.jesp. 2004.04. 003 Fujita, K. , Trope, Y. , Liberman, N. , & Levin-Sagi, M. (2006). Construal levels and self-control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90, 351–367. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.90. 3.351 Gibbon, J. (1977). Scalar expectancy theory and Weber’s law in animal timing. Psychological Review, 84, 279 –325. doi:10.1037/0033-
MULTIPOLAR MAGNETIC FIELDS IN ROTATING AP STARS : MODELING OF OBSERVABLE QUANTITIES

Magnetic eld is present in most of the chemically peculiar stars of the upper main sequence. For a long time, the component of the magnetic eld along the line of sight and the magnetic eld modulus, averaged on the stellar disk, were the only diagnostic contents of the observational techniques. Recent developments in the application of the theory of line formation, joined to the increased sensitivity of instrumental techniques, augmented the number of observable quantities related to the magnetic elds of such a class of stars. On the other hand, the analytical modeling techniques, that is, the capability to reproduce the observable quantities { predicted by a given magnetic connguration { through simple analytical formu-lae, is still limited only to some of the quantities nowadays measurable and for the simplest magnetic conngurations. This work gives a contribution in order to ll this gap. Through the formalism of the spherical tensorial calculus , analytical formulae for most of the observable quantities are provided for a magnetic eld of arbitrary complexity. Namely, the magnetic eld is thought of as originated by a multipolar expansion of arbitrary order (dipole, plus quadrupole, plus octupole,. .) and it is expressed through spherical tensors and spherical harmonics. By using such a formalism, it is straightforward to carry on the integration over the stellar disk of the particular combinations of the magnetic eld components which represent the observable quantities. The mean longitudinal magnetic eld, the so{called mean asymmetry of the longitudinal magnetic eld and the mean quadratic magnetic eld, together with the quantities related to the observed broadband linear polarization, are expressed through suitable sums of terms including the spherical components of tensors describing the magnetic connguration. These sums can numerically be performed, or they can be further developed in order to provide simpler analytical expressions in the case of a deened multipolar expansion: in partic-Send ooprint requests to: S. Bagnulo ular, such simpler analytical expressions are given in the case of a magnetic eld due to the superposition of a dipole with a quadrupole. Finally, few diagrams of the observable quantities predicted by such a connguration are shown.