Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Autonomous estimation of Allan variance coefficients of onboard fiber optic gyro

Satellite motion included in gyro output disturbs the estimation of Allan variance coefficients of fiber optic gyro on board. Moreover, as a standard method for noise analysis of fiber optic gyro, Allan variance has too large offline computational effort and data storages to be applied to online estimation. In addition, with the development of deep space exploration, it is urged that satellite requires more autonomy including autonomous fault diagnosis and reconfiguration. To overcome the barriers and meet satellite autonomy, we present a new autonomous method for estimation of Allan variance coefficients including rate ramp, rate random walk, bias instability, angular random walk and quantization noise coefficients. In the method, we calculate differences between angle increments of star sensor and gyro to remove satellite motion from gyro output, and propose a state-space model using nonlinear adaptive filter technique for quantities previously measured from offline data techniques such as the Allan variance method. Simulations show the method correctly estimates Allan variance coefficients, R = 2.7965exp−4 °/h2, K = 1.1714exp−3 °/h1.5, B = 1.3185exp−3 °/h, N = 5.982exp−4 °/h0.5 and Q = 5.197exp−7 ° in real time, and tracks degradation of gyro performance from initail values, R = 0.651 °/h2, K = 0.801 °/h1.5, B = 0.385 °/h, N = 0.0874 °/h0.5 and Q = 8.085exp−5 °, to final estimations, R = 9.548 °/h2, K = 9.524 °/h1.5, B = 2.234 °/h, N = 0.5594 °/h0.5 and Q = 5.113exp−4 °, due to gamma radiation in space. The technique proposed here effectively isolates satellite motion, and requires no data storage and any supports from the ground.
A comparative study of phase stability and film morphology in thin‐film M/GaAs systems (M=Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, and Pt)

To attain reproducible and stable contacts to compound semiconductor devices, it is necessary to achieve thermodynamically stable phases after the reaction of metals with the compound semiconductor. In this study, the final phases produced by the reactions between GaAs and thin metal films of Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, and Pt have been investigated. They are identified as MGa for M=Co, Rh, Ni, Pd, and Pt, monoarsenides of Co and Ni, diarsenides of Rh, Ir, Pd, and Pt, and Ir3Ga5. These phases, if deposited directly onto GaAs, will produce thermally stable contacts. In addition to the identification of these stable phases, analyses of the products of thin‐film M/GaAs reactions by transmission electron microscopy, x‐ray diffraction, and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry reveal the distribution, grain size, and crystallographic texture of these end phases. Trends in these observations across the six metal/GaAs reactions studied are explained by considering the effects of bond strength and the relative diffusivi.
Spectrum dynamics of negative-effective-mass oscillators under terahertz radiation

We report on a theoretical investigation of power spectrum dynamics in negative-effective-mass (NEM) p+pp+ oscillators under the influence of terahertz (THz) electromagnetic radiation. Possible types of transport states (periodic or chaotic) and transitions between them are examined with the intensity and frequency of the radiation as controlling parameters. When the driving frequency is fixed to the self-oscillating frequency times the inverse Golden ratio, the resulting power spectrum pattern displays a very complex mosaic scenario with a self-similar emergence of high-order mixing frequencies.
Effects on Bioaccumulation, Growth Performance, Hematological Parameters, Plasma Components, and Antioxidant Responses in Starry Flounder (Platichthys stellatus) Exposed to Dietary Cadmium and Ascorbic Acid

This study evaluates the toxic effects of dietary Cd and mitigative effects of AsA supplementation by measuring the growth performance, bioaccumulation, hematological parameters, plasma components, and antioxidant responses of Starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus). Platichthys stellatus (mean weight, 69.5 ± 1.4 g; mean length, 18.2 ± 0.21 cm) was fed with dietary cadmium-ascorbic acid (Cd-AsA) composed of C0A0, C0A500, C0A1000, C40A0, C40A500, C40A1000, C80A0, C80A500, and C80A1000 mg of Cd-AsA per kg diet for four weeks. Our results showed that Cd accumulation significantly increased in proportion to the Cd concentration, where the highest levels were observed in the intestine, followed by the kidney, liver, and gills. Dietary AsA significantly mitigated the Cd accumulation in all tissues, and the reduction in Cd accumulation was proportional to the increase in AsA concentration. Dietary Cd has adverse effects on growth performance (body weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and hepatosomatic index) and can alter the hematological parameters (red blood cell count, hematocrit, and hemoglobin), plasma components (glucose, total protein, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, and glutamic pyruvic transaminase), and antioxidant responses (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione). Dietary AsA restored the decreased growth performance parameters and the altered hematological parameters, plasma components, and antioxidant responses caused by the dietary Cd exposure. The results of this study showed that dietary Cd is toxic to P. stellatus, while dietary AsA is effective in mitigating the toxic effects of Cd.
The spreading of silicone oil drops on horizontal surfaces

A study of the spreading of silicone oil drops is presented, with particular attention to the dominant effect of the conditions near the edge and the surface tension forces acting there. It is shown that the drop profiles can be predicted and that this leads to a relation between the edge velocity and the maximum slope, which occurs at an inflection point close to the edge. This relation leads to others governing the variation of drop size and slope with time. The predictions are compared with experiment, using silicone oils, and good agreement obtained. The lubrication approximation theory gives no solution for thicknesses below a value varying from 2 to 9*10-8 m at the drop edge. At thicknesses of this order, or possibly even larger, other effects become important, and some observations on edge behaviour are included.
Study on sodium storage properties of manganese‐doped sodium vanadium phosphate cathode materials

Na+ superionic conductor (NASICON)‐structured Na4VMn(PO4)3 (NVMP) possesses stable cycling performance at 2.5–3.8 V by replacing V with lower cost Mn but suffers rapid capacity decay when further widening the voltage to 2.5–4.2 V, owing to a less stable V4+/V5+ redox couple. Herein, to stabilize the V4+/V5+ couple and improve the reversibility, a series of carbon‐coated NVMP (NVMP@C) with different V/Mn ratios are compared, among which, Na3.25V1. 75Mn0.25(PO4)3@C delivers an additional reversible V4+/V5+ capacity of 7 mAh g−1 at the voltage of 3.9–4.2 V. Based on this, to further activate the capacity of V4+/V5+, Al‐doped Na3.25V1. 75−yMn0.25Aly(PO4)3 structures are synthesized. When 0.5 Al is doped, 15 mAh g−1 capacity corresponding to V4+/V5+ can be released. In addition, it is found that the activation of V4+/V5+ is not conducive to electrochemical reversibility and C‐rate performance, owing to the shrinkage of the whole framework structure with the oxidization of V4+ to V5+.
Physiological Noise in Relation to Audiometry

Low‐frequency noise of physiological origin has been measured in a cavity enclosing the ear. The measurements were performed with a good condenser microphone resiliently mounted in a special enclosure of effective volume approximately 60 cm3 sealed to the head with a circumaural liquid‐filled cushion. The over‐all noise level in the enclosure and levels in certain bands rise and fall by a few decibels at the heart‐pulse frequency, indicating that the noise is generated by the circulatory system. The level per 13 octave band averaged over six subjects is approximately 70 db re 0.0002 dyne/cm2 at 16 cps falling steadily to 34 db at 125 cps and 12 db at 250 cps. With the 12‐cm3 effective volume of a TDH39 and MX41AR cushion, one would anticipate physiological noise levels 14 db higher than these or 48 db at 125 cps and 26 db at 250 cps. The levels per critical band might be somewhat higher yet. Since the tentative ISO hearing threshold levels at 125 and 250 cps are 49 and 27 db, respectively, one is led to s.
The Presence of Potentially Pathogenic Protozoa in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) Sold in Markets in the Central Peruvian Andes

Peru is currently one of the world’s leading culinary destinations, whose world-renowned cuisine uses vegetables, mainly lettuce, as frequent ingredients. Vegetable consumption is promoted worldwide as a part of a healthy diet. However, vegetables, more frequently lettuce, have been implicated as a vehicle of infection for several foodborne parasites. This study aimed to determine the presence of potentially pathogenic parasites in lettuce marketed in the Central Andes of Peru. A total of 75 lettuce samples were collected from the two largest wholesale markets and the main open-air market in Jauja province, in the central Peruvian Andes. The province of provenance (coast vs. highlands), lettuce variety (“curly-leaf”, “iceberg”, and “butter”), and type of market were recorded. The samples were microscopically examined for detection of parasitic life forms using standard parasitological methods including direct slide smear, Lugol’s iodine staining, and Modified Ziehl–Neelsen staining. The overall positivity of parasitic contamination in lettuces was 45.3% (CI 95%: 34–56.6%). Cryptosporidium spp. , Isospora belli, Giardia lamblia, Balantidium coli, and Entamoeba spp. were detected in twenty-six (34.7%), six (8%), four (5.3%), two (2.7%), and two (2.7%) lettuces, respectively. I. belli was found in a significantly (p < 0.01) lower proportion in the “butter” variety, and significantly (p < 0.05) higher contamination with G. lamblia was found in lettuce sold at the open-air market. B. coli, G. lamblia, and E. histolytica/E. dispar/E. moshkovskii were detected only in lettuce from the highlands (Tarma province). This study provides important data for health authorities to develop food safety programs. This information is also of interest to the international community because of the increased visibility that Peru has gained as a tourist destination.
Dependent Task-Offloading Strategy Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning in Mobile Edge Computing

In mobile edge computing, there are usually relevant dependencies between different tasks, and traditional algorithms are inefficient in solving dependent task-offloading problems and neglect the impact of the dynamic change of the channel on the offloading strategy. To solve the offloading problem of dependent tasks in a dynamic network environment, this paper establishes the dependent task model as a directed acyclic graph. A Dependent Task-Offloading Strategy (DTOS) based on deep reinforcement learning is proposed with minimizing the weighted sum of delay and energy consumption of network services as the optimization objective. DTOS transforms the dependent task offloading into an optimal policy problem under Markov decision processes. Multiple parallel deep neural networks (DNNs) are used to generate offloading decisions, cache the optimal decisions for each round, and then optimize the DNN parameters using priority experience replay mechanism to extract valuable experiences. DTOS introduces a penalty mechanism to obtain the optimal task-offloading decisions, which is triggered if the service energy consumption or service delay exceeds the threshold. The experimental results show that the algorithm produces better offloading decisions than existing algorithms, can effectively reduce the delay and energy consumption of network services, and can self-adapt to the changing network environment.
Interplay of diffusion and dissociation mechanisms during hydrogen absorption in metals

Kinetic measurements of gas-solid reactions, in particular hydrogen-sorption kinetics, are usually interpreted according to single rate-limiting step models. However, recent studies gave clear evidence for the interdependence of fundamentally different steps involved in hydrogen sorption. This interdependence is explored in a one-dimensional continuum model in order to estimate the time, temperature, and pressure dependences of the sorption kinetics and the relevance of several materials parameters involved in the process. Quantitative descriptions of the extraction of physical parameters for various scenarios are given. The model is successfully tested for several experimental cases, ranging from model systems (thin films) to practical systems (${\text{LaNi}}_{5}{\text{H}}_{x}$ and ${\text{MgH}}_{2}$ powder samples).
Discretization of deflated bond prices

This paper proposes and analyzes discrete-time approximations to a class of diffusions, with an emphasis on preserving certain important features of the continuous-time processes in the approximations. We start with multivariate diffusions having three features in particular: they are martingales, each of their components evolves within the unit interval, and the components are almost surely ordered. In the models of the term structure of interest rates that motivate our investigation, these properties have the important implications that the model is arbitrage-free and that interest rates remain positive. In practice, numerical work with such models often requires Monte Carlo simulation and thus entails replacing the original continuous-time model with a discrete-time approximation. It is desirable that the approximating processes preserve the three features of the original model just noted, though standard discretization methods do not. We introduce new discretizations based on first applying nonlinear transformations from the unit interval to the real line (in particular, the inverse normal and inverse logit), then using an Euler discretization, and finally applying a small adjustment to the drift in the Euler scheme. We verify that these methods enforce important features in the discretization with no loss in the order of convergence (weak or strong). Numerical results suggest that these methods can also yield a better approximation to the law of the continuous-time process than does a more standard discretization.
Imaging polarimetry of the starburst galaxy NGC 1808: another M82?

An optical polarization map for the starburst galaxy NGC 1808 is presented. On kiloparsec scales the polarization orientations follow the spiral arms, indicative of a magnetic field that is coherent on a galactic scale. The inner parts (<750 pc) of the galaxy show a polarization pattern that is typical of a huge reflection nebula illuminated from within the central activity. Although the galactic nucleus is the dominant illuminating source of this nebula, the other hotspots make varying contributions to the illumination. The inner reflection nebula is very reminiscent of the one in the archetypal starburst galaxy M82
Anelastic anomalies and negative Poisson’s ratio in tetragonal BaTiO3 ceramics

Anelastic anomalies (sharp variations in modulus and damping with temperature) were observed in tetragonal BaTiO3 via broadband viscoelastic spectroscopy after aging at 50 °C for 15 h. The effect was most pronounced under electrical short circuit condition, at low frequency and under small excitation strain (10−6). Softening in bulk modulus and negative Poisson’s ratio were observed near 60 °C. Effects are attributed to an oxygen vacancy mechanism. A relaxational model cannot account for sharp response at smaller strains. Heterogeneity of negative stiffness is considered as a cause.
Melting Distribution of Armature in Electromagnetic Rail Launcher

This article established a 3-D transient melting calculation model of the electromagnetic rail launcher (EMRL), considering the combined effects of electromagnetic fields, structural fields, heat transfer, and armature motion. To verify the accuracy of the multiphysics field coupling model, an experiment platform of EMRL that is capable of retrieving the launched armature is set up. Compared with the armature surface profiles obtained from the experiment, the simulation model describes the locations of deeper melting accurately but is not precise enough for the shallower melting. Through analyzing the evolution of the melting region, it is found that the deepest crater forms at the point where the armature begins to melt. Analysis of the heat sources shows that contact resistance heat and body heat are two critical factors in the process of armature melting. Despite the high power of the frictional heat, there is no melting in the region where it exists. It is proven that the proposed model can predict the melting performance of the armature.
Is Alpha-Fetoprotein a New Biomarker for Fetal, Infant and Juvenile Anemia? A Commentary

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is well known as a biomarker for certain cancers and fetal birth defects. However, AFP has long been overlooked as an indicator for the presence of anemia in various diseases of fetal, neonatal, and juvenile individuals. A survey and meta-analysis of the biomedical literature revealed that elevated levels of serum AFP may serve as a viable biomarker of moderate to severe anemia at various stages of ontogeny. Such conditions of anemia could include bone marrow failure, pancytopenia, macrocytosis, microcytosis, and aplastic anemia. Since many congenital diseases that result in anemia are progressive and lethal, the need for a biomarker that could predict and parallel the advancing anemic state in disease would be of utmost importance to the biomedical community.
Evolution of the interstellar medium in elliptical galaxies. II - X-ray properties

The results of a variety of simulations concerning the evolution of the hot component of the interstellar medium in elliptical galaxies are presented. The models cover the range in galaxy luminosity from 10 9 to 10 11 L ○. and include a range of star formation histories, present Type I supernova rates, and the effects of massive dark halos. All the model galaxies evolve through an early Type II supernova-driven wind phase. Following this stage the model galaxies evolve through a series of evolutionary stages characterized by the flow profile of the interstellar medium (i.e., partial winds, total subsonic winds, and transonic winds).
HMACCE: Establishing Authenticated and Confidential Channel From Historical Data for Industrial Internet of Things

Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is a new paradigm for building intelligent industrial control systems, and how to establish a secure channel in IIoT for machine-to-machine (M2M) communication is a critical problem because the devices in IIoT suffer from various attacks and may leak confidential information. Traditional authenticated and confidential channel establishment (ACCE) protocols neither apply for resource-constrained IIoT devices nor satisfy leakage resilience. In this paper, we introduce a new security notion: historical data based multi-factor ACCE (HMACCE) to address this issue and propose two HMACCE protocols. Our HMACCE protocols use three authentication factors, i.e., a symmetric secret key, historical data, and a set of secret tags associated with the historical data, to establish a secure communication channel between the client and the server. The key idea is to use the secret key managed by an IIoT edge device to quickly verify the relationship between the historical data and its associated tags stored on the server. Our HMACCE has the following remarkable features. First, it is lightweight and tailored for resource-constrained IIoT devices. Second, it is bounded historical tag leakage resilience, which means that if a small portion of the secret tags is leaked to an adversary, it will not affect its security with an overwhelming probability. Moreover, as a security enhancement service, our HMACCE can be easily integrated with legacy IIoT devices by running simple authenticated key exchange protocols.
Apple lesion recognition based on Fisherapples

A derivative of Fisher's Linear Discriminant Analysis (FLDA), named Fisherapples for the recognition of apple lesions which is not sensitive to large variations in illumination is proposed in this paper. We make use of the linear projection that is orthogonal to the within-class scatter of the apple images from a high-dimensional image space to a considerably low-dimensional image space. It separates the data-cases well, projecting away variations in lighting. Our approach maximizes the ratio of between-class scatter to that of within-class scatter of apple lesions, i.e., we can get maximal between-class distances and minimal within-class distances after projection. This implies that the gap between the classes becomes bigger and ensures optimal separability in the new space. Besides, we take advantage of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to project the set of apple images to a lower dimensional space in order to overcome the complication of the singular within-class scatter matrix. After that, the resulting within-class scatter becomes nonsingular and subsequently we can use standard FLDA to reduce the dimension further. Consequently, it is effortless for the computer to calculate the result. Experimental results demonstrate that Fisherapples performs better in apple lesion recognition than PCA.
Photoinduced band filling in strongly confined colloidal PbS quantum dots

Increase in continuous wave laser excitation (6 W/cm2 to 120 W/cm2) of colloidal PbS quantum dots in the strongly quantized regime (diameters 2.0 nm and 4.7 nm) deposited on semi-insulating GaAs and glass causes a clear blue shift (0.019 eV and 0.080 eV) of the emission spectra. Proof of the applicability of a dynamic three-dimensional band filling model is the significance of the presented results and demonstrates the effective electronic coupling in quantum dot arrays similar to superlattices. The work also reveals the influence of quantum dot sizes on photo-doping effects.
The Way of the Craftsman to the Truth

Skilled workers and craftsmen are the basis of industrial production activities. The lack of skilled workers means the lack of industrial production. Driven by the tide of anti-globalization, it has further become the lack of national power. This article will explore how skilled workers and craftsmen acquire skills and knowledge through methods other than basic education, so as to find a way to quickly train skilled workers and expand the skilled worker group. At the same time, it also discusses the epistemological approach of how human beings acquire knowledge in the post-industrial age.