Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Solutions to Class of Linear and Nonlinear Fractional Differential Equations

In this paper, the fractional auxiliary sub-equation expansion method is proposed to solve nonlinear fractional differential equations. To illustrate the effectiveness of the method, we discuss the space-time fractional KdV equation, the space-time fractional RLW equation, the space-time fractional Boussinesq equation, and the (3+1)-space-time fractional ZK equation. The solutions are expressed in terms of fractional hyperbolic and fractional trigonometric functions. These solutions are useful to understand the mechanisms of the complicated nonlinear physical phenomena and fractional differential equations. Among these solutions, some are found for the first time. The analytical solution of homogenous linear FDEs with constant coefficients are obtained by using the series and the Mittag–Leffler function methods. The obtained results recover the well-know solutions when α = 1.
Lecture 2: Implication Relations

How Stalnaker (1978), in Assertion, defines presupposition: Roughly speaking, the presuppositions of a speaker are the propositions whose truth he takes for granted as part of the background of the conversation. A proposition is presupposed if the speaker is disposed to act as if he assumes or believes that the proposition is true, and as if he assumes or believes that his audience assumes or believes that it is true as well. Presuppositions are what is taken by the speaker to be the COMMON GROUND of the participants in the conversation, what is treated as their COMMON KNOWLEDGE or MUTUAL KNOWLEDGE. Definite descriptions, for example, presuppose existence and uniqueness: (4) a. Is the mathematician who proved Goldbach’s Conjecture a woman? b. Somebody proved Goldbach’s Conjecture. [existence] c. Only one person proved Goldbach’s Conjecture. [uniqueness] Factive verbs presuppose their complements: (5) a. Do you regret beating your wife? b. You beat your wife. Aspectual verbs also presuppose their complements: (6) a. Have you stopped beating your wife? b. You have beaten your wife in the past.
Non-invasive measurement of instantaneous forces during aquatic locomotion : a case study of the bluegill sunfish pectoral fin

Introduction The challenge of quantifying the locomotive forces exerted by fluids on swimming and flying animals has attracted the interest of both biologists and engineers for many years. Early investigations of swimming and flying animals estimated locomotive forces from kinematic data, due to the lack of experimental techniques to quantitatively measure properties of the fluid wake. Quantification and validation of locomotive forces using these approaches relies heavily on semi-empirical models (for reviews, see Webb and Blake, 1985; Vogel, 1994). Recent studies have taken an alternative approach. Newton's second and third laws dictate that flying and swimming animals generate net locomotive forces by transferring momentum into the wake. The hallmark of the momentum transfer is the creation of vortices. Hence, studies have aimed to quantify the momentum of fluid vortices surrounding animals in order to
Variation in visitation patterns and habitat use of adult and juvenile Mobula alfredi (reef manta rays) at key aggregation sites in Raa Atoll, Maldives

Justification: The Marine Ecology Progress Series is a leading journal in all aspects of marine ecology, publishing research fundamental for addressing ecological concerns and highlighting their implications for management such as spatial marine planning. This report provides new insight into the spatial and behavioural ecology of Mobula alfredi (reef manta rays), advancing a previously limited understanding that is crucial for localised conservation legislation programmes
Sparse regularization for multivariate linear models for functional data

We consider the variable selection problem in multivariate linear models where the predictors are given as functions and the responses are scalars, with the help of sparse regularization. Observations corresponding to the predictors are supposed to be measured repeatedly at discrete time points, and then they are treated as smooth functional data. Parameters included in the functional multivariate linear model are estimated by the penalized least squared method with the l1/l2 type penalty. We construct a blockwise coordinate descent algorithm for deriving the estimates of the functional multivariate linear model. A tuning parameter which control the degree of the regularization is decided by information criteria. In order to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed method we apply it to the analysis of simulated data and real data.
Diurnal changes in the perception of emotions in music: Does the time of day matter?

According to the Hindustani music tradition, the ability of a song to induce certain emotions depends on the time of day: playing a song at the right time is said to maximise its emotional effect. The present exploratory study investigated this claim by combining findings in chronobiology, mood research and music perception. It has already been established that some aspects of our mood fluctuations follow a cyclical pattern. Besides, it is a known fact that our current mood influences our perception and assessment of emotions. However, these elements have never been linked together in a study examining the effect of mood cyclicity on perceived emotions in music. To test the hypothesis of a link between the two, Western film music excerpts were played to 36 participants at two different times (9 am and 4 pm). Their task was to rate the perceived emotional content of each clip. The results showed that sad and tender clips were rated higher on sadness and tenderness in the morning compared to the afternoon. Furthermore, the more tired the participants were in the afternoon, the higher was their perception of fear in angry and fearful music. Although the reported effect sizes were small, these findings could have important implications for ethnomusicologists, emotion researchers and music therapists.
Probabilistic QoS and soft contracts for transaction basedW b services orchestrations

Web services orchestrations and choreographies require establishing Quality of Service (QoS) contracts wi th the user. This is achieved by performing QoS composition, based on contracts established between the orchestration and the ca lled Web services. These contracts are typically stated in the fo rm of hard guarantees (e.g., response time always less than 5 msec ). In this paper we propose usingsoft contracts instead. Soft contracts are characterized by means of probability distri butions for QoS parameters. We show how to compose such contracts, to yield a global contract (probabilistic) for the orchestration. Our approach is implemented by theTOrQuE tool. Experiments onTOrQuE show that overly pessimistic contracts can be avoided and significant room for safe overbooking exis t .
European Journal of Political Economy

How can a small special interest group successfully get an ine ﬃ cient transfer at the expense of a much larger group with many more resources available for lobbying? We consider a simple model of agenda setting where two groups of di ﬀ erent size lobby a politician over a transfer from one group to the other, and the group which sets the agenda can choose the size of the proposed transfer. The groups have resources which are used to pay the politician and to overcome the public goods problem within the group. Our key result is that which group prevails in the agenda setting game depends crucially on whether the transfers can also be used to pay the politician – in which case we say they are fungible . If the transfer is fungible, as in the case of a monetary payment, the smaller group prevails. If the transfer is non-fungible the result depends on whether it is rival or not – civil rights for example are non-rival. In the case of a rival non-fungible transfer depending on circumstances either group may prevail. In the non-rival case the large group prevails. Our results explain the apparent paradox that when it comes to special ﬁ nancial favors small groups seem very e ﬀ ective, but when it comes to large non- ﬁ nancial issues – such as minority rights – large groups are more e ﬀ ective.
StyleSpace Analysis: Disentangled Controls for StyleGAN Image Generation

9. Structure of StyleGAN2 StyleSpace To supplement the description of the different StyleGAN2 latent spaces in Section 3, here we describe the structure of the StyleSpace S in more detail. Every major layer (every resolution) of the StyleGAN2 generator (synthesis network) consists of two convolution layers for feature map synthesis and a single convolution layer that converts the second feature map into an RGB image (referred to as tRGB), as shown in Figure 9. Each of these three convolution layers is modulated by a vector of style parameters. We denote the three different vectors of style parameters as s1, s2, and stRGB . These are obtained from the intermediate latent vectors w ∈ W via three affine transformations, w1 → s1, w2 → s2, w2 → stRGB . InW space, w1 and w2 are the same vector, and it is the same vector for all layers. InW+ space, w1 and w2 are two different vectors, and every major layer has its own pair (w1, w2). The length of all the w vectors is 512. The numbers of style parameters used by the different layers are listed in Table 2. Note that in 4x4 resolution, there is only s1 and stRGB . The length of s is 512 from the early layers until layer 14. After that layer, the length decreases from 256 to 32. In total, for a 1024x1024 generator, there are 6048 style channels that control feature maps, and 3040 additional channels that control the tRGB blocks.
Mechanochromic behavior of a luminescent silicone rubber under tensile deformation

A novel mechanochromic elastomer based on silicone rubber and coumarin 6 dye have been prepared with various concentrations of the dye ranges from 2wt. % to a maximum of 5wt. % by solution mixing technique. After evaporating the solvent, cured samples were prepared as thin films using compression molding at 170° C. The optimum composition of the dye in rubber composites was determined based on the mechanochromic performance characterized with ultraviolet/visible (UV/Vis) spectrometer, x-ray diffraction (XRD) and spectrofluorometer (FL). The UV/Vis spectrometer monitors the dye aggregation in polymer film during the tensile deformation. The XRD monitors the change in size of dye aggregates. The FL monitors the optical response during tensile deformation due to the re-arrangement of dyes. As increasing a mechanical deformation to the polymeric composite film, UV/Vis absorption intensity was decreased and the FL emission wavelength was moved to decrease wavelength because of breaking dye aggregations. Also, XRD intensity peak was decreased, which dye aggregations were broken after mechanical deformation.
Benefit Transfer – The Quick, the Dirty, and the Ugly?

Tuco: “The Good, The Bad, and the Ugly” (1966) Consider the problem faced by the U.S. Federal Government. According to Executive Order 12866, executive agencies must evaluate the benefits and costs from every economically-significant regulatory action. In fiscal year 2003/2004, seven regulatory impact analyses were completed for regulations proposed just by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). In just one of those analyses, for new regulations on nonroad diesel engines, the EPA assembled estimates of the benefits associated with decreases in the numbers of premature deaths, nonfatal heart attacks, chronic bronchitis, asthma attacks, hospital visits, and lost work days, in addition to estimates of benefits associated with reductions in agricultural crop damage and improvements in visibility. Similarly, the Forest Service needs estimates of ecosystem values for use in forest planning; the USDA needs estimates of environmental benefits from the Conservation Reserve Program; and the Army Corps of Engineers needs estimates of recreation values for designing management plans for its reservoirs. These agencies need information on benefits and costs of hundreds of environmental goods and services in thousands of different locations. There has been remarkable progress in developing methods for estimating these unpriced values; these methods are discussed in the two companion articles to this one. However, it is simply not practical to conduct an original stated or revealed preference research study for each environmental good in each location every time a new policy analysis is conducted. Nor is it really necessary. If someone has already conducted a study that valued a day spent fishing on a small lake in Tennessee, the Army Corps may be able to use that number to value a day spent fishing on a small lake in Kentucky. If someone has already estimated the value of a reduction in cancer risk from decreased exposure to dioxin, the EPA may be able to use that number to value a reduction in cancer risk from decreased exposure to benzene. These are examples of benefit transfer.
Influence of Temperature on the Magneto-Dielectrics Effect of Oil-Based Ferrofluid

The effect of temperature on the magneto-dielectrics behavior was studied by dielectric spectroscopy in the transformer oil-based ferrofluid with magnetic nanoparticles upon the effect of an external magnetic field. The frequency dependence of complex permittivity and dissipation factor were measured within the frequency range from 1 mHz to 10 kHz at different temperatures by a capacitance method. The dielectrics parameters were measured as a function of the external magnetic field in the range of 0–200 mT, parallel to the direction of the electric field as a function of temperature in the range of 15–35 C. The interaction between magnetic field and magnetic moments of nanoparticles led to the aggregation of magnetic nanoparticles to new structures which had influence on dielectric parameters. The dependence of these parameters at constant magnetic field on angle between the direction of the electric and magnetic fields (anisotropy) has been measured, too.
Timing of moderate level prenatal alcohol exposure infl uences gene expression of sensory processing behavior in rhesus monkeys

In this study we examine the role of temporal aspects of prena-tal infl uences, genotype, and postnatal dopamine (DA) function on sensory processing patterns observed in macaque monkeys. Previous work from several studies in our laboratory found that prenatal alcohol exposure, prenatal stress, and postnatal lead exposure induced deviations from typical sensory processing patterns in monkeys (Moore et al., 2008; Schneider et al., 2008). Along related lines, we found that prenatal alcohol-exposed monkeys carrying the serotonin transporter gene polymorphic region (rh5-HTTLPR) short (s) allele were more irritable and more stress responsive than prenatal alcohol-exposed monkeys homozygous for the long allele or controls regardless of genotype (Kraemer et al., 2008). We tested the hypothesis that the timing of moderate dose prenatal alcohol exposure would alter sensory responsivity in rhesus monkey offspring as a function of the rh5-HTTLPR length polymorphism. The short 5-HTTLPR results in reduced transcription of the 5-HTT gene which may translate into altered uptake of synaptic serotonin (Lesch et al., 1996). In rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), a 21 base pair (bp) insertion/depletion polymorphism (rh5-HTTLPR) that is present in the orthologous region and which is functionally similar to the human 5-HTTLPR variant has been shown to infl uence transcriptional effi ciency (Bennett et al., 2002). Monkeys carrying a
Respiratory Care of the Patient with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy ATS Consensus Statement

Background Purpose Methods Formation of Consensus Committee Methodologies for Synthesizing Expert Consensus Evaluation and Anticipatory Guidance of the Patient with DMD Routine Evaluation of Respiratory Function End of Life Directives Nutrition Sleep Evaluation Cardiac Involvement Management Airway Clearance Respiratory Muscle Training Noninvasive Nocturnal Ventilation Daytime Noninvasive Ventilation Continuous Invasive Ventilation Scoliosis in DMD Corticosteroids in Management of DMD Patient Education Long-term Care Issues End of Life Care
EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ); Scientific Opinion on a quantitative estimation of the public health impact of setting a new target for the reduction of Salmonella in broilers

This assessment relates the percentage of broiler-associated human salmonellosis cases to different Salmonella prevalences in broiler flocks in the European Union. It considers the contribution and relevance of different Salmonella serovars found in broilers to human salmonellosis. The model developed to provide quantitative estimates, which is based on the microbial-subtyping approach, considers 22 Member States, four animal-food sources of Salmonella (broilers, laying hens, pigs and turkeys) and 23 Salmonella serovars. The model (called the ‘Broiler Target Salmonella Attribution Model’ or BT-SAM model) employes data from the EU Baseline Surveys and EU statutory monitoring on Salmonella in animal-food sources, data on incidence of human salmonellosis and food availability data. It is estimated that around 2.4%, 65%, 28% and 4.5% of the human salmonellosis cases are attributable to broilers, laying hens (eggs), pigs and turkeys respectively. Of the broilerassociated human salmonellosis cases, around 42% and 23% are estimated to be due to the serovars Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Infantis respectively, while other serovars individually contributed less than 5%. Different scenarios are presented showing changes in the percentage of broiler-associated human salmonellosis cases under different prevalences of Salmonella in broiler flocks. Compared to 2006, the 2009 Salmonella in broiler flocks prevalence has achieved a reduction of 69% in the number of broiler-associated human salmonellosis cases. When comparing the results of the adjusted prevalences for Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium as reported in 2009 with a theoretical combined prevalence of 1% for these two serovars, the difference between the percentages of broiler-associated cases is small. However, when adjusting the combined prevalence of all serovars to 1%, a large reduction in the percentage of broiler-associated cases compared to the one achieved with the two previous serovars only is expected. Uncertainty and data limitations are discussed, including recommendations on how these could be overcome. © European Food Safety Authority, 2011
Anuário do Instituto de Geociências

Mapping activities for the implementation of basic and executive projects for electric power transmission lines systematically involves topographic surveys. This study presents the results of a comparative study on the influence of the density of aerial survey points, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), for the calculation of digital terrain models (DTMs) in typical areas of the northeastern region of Brazil, in the context of modeling ground for planning electricity transmission lines. The study area is the region covered by the 230 kV Ibicoara/Brumado transmission line, located in the state of Bahia/Brazil. In part of this region, elevations of the mountains of the Western Edge of Chapada Diamantina predominate. Therefore, points with varying densities were used to interpolate DTMs in different environments. Point cloud classification (Airborne LiDAR) was performed using the TerraScan program using semi-automatic classification methods, followed by manual refinements. To evaluate the terrain models obtained with different point densities, four areas were selected under transmission line: Area 1 (24.4/m2), Area 2 (46.0/m2), Area 3 (33.7/m2) e Area 4 (29.7/m2). The Airborne LiDAR survey was performed with an Optech ALTM Pegasus HD500 sensor, calibrated to obtain a density of 15 points/m2. The results showed that, depending on the nature of the vegetation cover, less dense laser surveys do not offer enough quality to generate DTMs. However, in some cases, when the vegetation is denser and the terrain is not flat, the quality of the DTM decreases as the density of the points decreases. The study shows that the survey density must be suitable for the region to be analyzed. An important guideline would be to repeat this study in other areas with different coverage and relief variations, in order to create specifications to serve as a basis for planning LiDAR surveys on other transmission lines.
Driver Drowsiness Detection System

Driver drowsiness system is used to detect the drowsiness. Drowsiness is the main reasons of accident. Safe driving is a major concern of societies all over the world. Thousands of people are killed or seriously injured due to drivers falling asleep at the wheels each year. It is essential to develop a real time safety system for drowsiness related road accident prevention. There are many methods for detecting the driver drowsiness. Driver fatigue is a significant factor in a large number of vehicle accidents. It includes the measurements of physiological features like EEG, heart rate, pulse rate, eyelid movement, gaze, head movement and behaviours of the vehicle, lane deviations and steering movements. [3] After long hours of driving or in absent of alert mental state, the eyelids of driver will become heavy due to fatigue. The attention of driver starts to lose focus and that creates risks for accidents. These are typical reactions of fatigue, which is very dangerous. Recent statistics estimate that annually 1,200 deaths and 76,000 injuries can be attributed to fatigue related crashes. These accidents can be controlled by development of technologies for detecting or preventing drowsiness. A real time monitoring system, to insure accuracy in detecting drowsiness of the driver and that will work in both daytime and night time conditions is required.
On Some Closure Properties of Dominance Relations Between Life Distributions Based on Reliability Measures

ABSTRACT : Lehmann (1955, 1986), Bessler and Veinott (1966), Keilson and Sumita (1982), Ross (1983), Stoyan (1983), Alzaid (1988), Mukherjee and Chatterjee (1991) considered several dominance relations between life distributions through reliability measures—indicating their interrelationships and consequences. In the present paper some closure or preservation properties of the said dominance relations have been studied under various reliability operations e.g. convolution, mixture, formation of coherent structure, monotone transformation of the random variables and limits in distribution.
On the Arithmetic of Hyperelliptic Curves

My research involves answering various number-theoretic questions involving hyperelliptic curves. A hyperelliptic curve is a generalization of elliptic curves to curves of higher genus but which still have explicit equations. The first part of this thesis involves examining moduli of hyperelliptic curves and in particular, compare their field of moduli with possible fields of definition of the curve. For even genus g, a general hyperelliptic curve of genus g cannot be defined over its field of moduli. Meanwhile, in odd genus, this can be done for curves which admit only two automorphisms, but the curve constructed may not be a hyperelliptic curve in the familiar sense. The second part involves the 2-Selmer group of Jacobians of hyperelliptic curves having a rational Weierstrass point. The 2-Selmer group is a subgroup of the Galois cohomology group H(K, J [2]), and J [2] is preserved by quadratic twists, so one may consider how the 2-Selmer rank varies over quadratic twists. I show that starting with any hyperelliptic curve with a rational Weierstrass point, the 2-Selmer rank is unbounded over quadratic twists.