Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
General Statistical Properties of the Cosmic Microwave Background Polarization Field

The distribution of the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) in the sky is determined by the hypothesis of random Gaussian distribution of the primordial density perturbations. This hypotheses is well motivated by the inflationary cosmology. Therefore, a test of the consistency of the statistical properties of the CMB polarization field with the Gaussianity of primordial density fluctuations is a realistic way to study the nature of primordial inhomogeneities in the universe. This paper contains theoretical predictions of the general statistical properties of the CMB polarization field. All results were obtained under the assumption of the Gaussian nature of the signal. We pay special attention to the following two problems: first, the classification and statistics of the singular points of the polarization field where polarization is equal to zero, and second, the topology of the contours of the value of the degree of polarization. We have investigated the percolation properties for the zones of strong and weak polarization. We have also calculated Minkowski functionals for the CMB polarization field. All results are analytical.
A wearable shear force transducer based on color spectrum analysis

The need for miniaturized shear force sensors is expanding, particularly for biomedical applications. Examples include measuring interfacial shear stresses between a human and an external device (e.g. footwear or a prosthesis). However, there are considerable challenges in designing a shear sensor for these applications due to the need for a small package, low power requirements, and resistance to interference from motion artifact and electromagnetic fields. This paper presents the design, fabrication, and characterization sensor that measures two-axis shear force by detecting displacement between a color panel and a red, green, and blue light-sensing photodiode. The sensor response to applied displacements and forces was characterized under benchtop testing conditions. We also present the design of a prototype wireless version of the sensor for integration into footwear. The sensor exhibited strong agreement with gold standard measurements for two-axis shear displacements (R 2 > 0.99, RMSE ⩽ 5.0 µm) and forces (R 2 > 0.99, RMSE ⩽ 0.94 N). This performance, along with the sensor’s scalability, miniaturized form, and low power requirements make it well-suited a variety of biomedical applications.
Metabolic profiles of ultra-processed food consumption and their role in obesity risk in British children.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Higher consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) has been associated with childhood obesity, but underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We investigated plasma nuclear magnetic resonance metabolic profiles of higher UPF consumption and their role in obesity risk in the British ALSPAC cohort. METHODS We performed cross-sectional and prospective metabolome wide association analyses of UPF, calculated from food diaries using the NOVA classification. In cross-sectional analysis, we tested the association between UPF consumption and metabolic profile at 7 years (N = 4528), and in the prospective analysis we tested the association between UPF consumption at 13 years and metabolic profile at 17 years (N = 3086). Effects of UPF-associated metabolites at 7 years on subsequent fat mass accumulation were assessed using growth curve models. RESULTS At 7 years, UPF was associated with 115 metabolic traits including lower levels of branched-chain and aromatic amino acids and higher levels of citrate, glutamine, and monounsaturated fatty acids, which were also associated with greater fat mass accumulation. Reported intake of nutrients mediated associations with most metabolites, except for citrate. CONCLUSIONS UPF consumption among British children is associated with perturbation of multiple metabolic traits, many of which contribute to child obesity risk.
PERFIL DA PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA SOBRE A INFECÇÃO LATENTE DA TUBERCULOSE: ESTUDO BIBLIOMÉTRICO

Objetivo: analisar o perfil bibliométrico da produção científica sobre a infecção latente da tuberculose, disponível na base de dados Web of Science. Métodos: estudo bibliométrico, com abordagem quantitativa. Organizou-se estratégia de busca com termos do vocabulário Medical Subject Headings, incluindo publicações de janeiro de 2016 a agosto de 2021. Realizou-se análise estatística descritiva e aplicou-se as Leis de Bradford e Zipf. Resultados: a amostra se constituiu por 2.460 publicações, com predomínio de artigos originais, no idioma inglês, dos anos de 2018 a 2020. Destacaram-se 10 autores e 25 instituições norte-americanas e britânicas. Estados Unidos da América e Inglaterra foram os países que mais publicaram. A principal área de pesquisa foi a de doenças infecciosas. Identificaram-se 25 periódicos mais influentes e 10 palavras-chave com maior representatividade. Conclusões: constatou-se que a produção científica sobre a infecção latente da tuberculose é extensa e diversificada, e apresentou tendência de aumento no período estudado.
Study of the surgical needle and biological soft tissue interaction phenomenon during insertion process for medical application: A Survey

The insertion of the surgical needle in soft tissue has involved significant interest in the current time because of its purpose in minimally invasive surgery (MIS) and percutaneous events like biopsies, PCNL, and brachytherapy. This study represents a review of the existing condition of investigation on insertion of a surgical needle in biological living soft tissue material. As observes the issue from numerous phases, like, analysis of the cutting forces modeling (insertion), tissue material deformation, analysis of the needle deflection for the period of the needle insertion, and the robot-controlled insertion procedures. All analysis confirms that the total needle insertion force is the total of dissimilar forces spread sideways the shaft of the insertion needle for example cutting force, stiffness force, and frictional force. Various investigations have analyzed all these kinds of forces during the needle insertion process. The force data in several measures are applied for recognizing the biological tissue materials as the needle is penetrated or for path planning. The deflection of the needle during insertion and tissue material deformation is the main trouble for defined needle placing and efforts have been prepared to model them. Applying existing models numerous insertion methods are established that are discussed in this review. Graphical abstract
Assessing the use of a clinical decision support tool for pain management in primary care

Abstract Objective Given time constraints, poorly organized information, and complex patients, primary care providers (PCPs) can benefit from clinical decision support (CDS) tools that aggregate and synthesize problem-specific patient information. First, this article describes the design and functionality of a CDS tool for chronic noncancer pain in primary care. Second, we report on the retrospective analysis of real-world usage of the tool in the context of a pragmatic trial. Materials and methods The tool known as OneSheet was developed using user-centered principles and built in the Epic electronic health record (EHR) of 2 health systems. For each relevant patient, OneSheet presents pertinent information in a single EHR view to assist PCPs in completing guideline-recommended opioid risk mitigation tasks, review previous and current patient treatments, view patient-reported pain, physical function, and pain-related goals. Results Overall, 69 PCPs accessed OneSheet 2411 times (since November 2020). PCP use of OneSheet varied significantly by provider and was highly skewed (site 1: median accesses per provider: 17 [interquartile range (IQR) 9–32]; site 2: median: 8 [IQR 5–16]). Seven “power users” accounted for 70% of the overall access instances across both sites. OneSheet has been accessed an average of 20 times weekly between the 2 sites. Discussion Modest OneSheet use was observed relative to the number of eligible patients seen with chronic pain. Conclusions Organizations implementing CDS tools are likely to see considerable provider-level variation in usage, suggesting that CDS tools may vary in their utility across PCPs, even for the same condition, because of differences in provider and care team workflows.
$H_2$ and $H_\infty$ low-gain theory

For stabilization of linear systems subject to input saturation, there exist four different approaches of low-gain design all of which are independently proposed in the literature, namely direct eigenstructure assignment, H2 and H∞ algebraic Riccati equation (ARE) based methods, and parametric Lyapunov equation based method. We show here all these methods are rooted in and can be unified under two fundamental control theories, H2 and H∞ theory. Moreover, both the H2 and H∞ ARE based methods are generalized to consider systems where all input channels are not subject to saturation, and explicit design methods are developed.
Location of Tandem Repeats on Wheat Chromosome 5B and the Breakpoint on the 5BS Arm in Wheat Translocation T7BS.7BL-5BS Using Single-Copy FISH Analysis

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is rich in tandem repeats, and this is helpful in studying its karyotypic evolution. Some tandem repeats have not been assembled into the wheat genome sequence. Alignment using the blastn tool in the B2DSC web server indicated that the genomic sequence of 5B chromosome (IWGSC RefSeq v2.1) does not contain the tandem repeat pTa-275, and the tandem repeat (GA)26 distributed throughout the whole 5B chromosome. The nondenaturing fluorescence in situ hybridization (ND-FISH) using the oligonucleotide (oligo) probes derived from pTa-275 and (GA)26 indicated that one signal band of pTa-275 and two signal bands of (GA)26 appeared on the 5B chromosome of Chinese Spring wheat, indicating the aggregative distribution patterns of the two kinds of tandem repeats. Single-copy FISH indicated that the clustering region of pTa-275 and the two clustering regions of (GA)26 were located in ~160–201 Mb, ~153–157 Mb, and ~201–234 Mb intervals, respectively. Using ND-FISH and single-copy FISH technologies, the translocation breakpoint on the 5BS portion of the translocation T7BS.7BL-5BS, which exists widely in north-western European wheat cultivars, was located in the region from 157,749,421 bp to 158,555,080 bp (~0.8 Mb), and this region mainly contains retrotransposons, and no gene was found. The clustering regions of two kinds of tandem repeats on wheat chromosome 5B were determined and this will be helpful to improve the future sequence assembly of this chromosome. The sequence characteristics of the translocation breakpoint on the translocation T7BS.7BL-5BS obtained in this study are helpful to understand the mechanism of wheat chromosome translocation.
Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking-Based Investigation of Potential Targets of Astragalus membranaceus and Angelica sinensis Compound Acting on Spinal Cord Injury

Background Astragalus membranaceus (Huang-qi, AM) and Angelica sinensis (Dang-gui, AS) are common Chinese herbal medicines and have historically been used in spinal cord injury (SCI) therapies. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of AM&AS remain little understood. The purpose of this research was to explore the bioactive components and the mechanisms of AM&AS in treating SCI according to network pharmacology and the molecular docking approach. Methods AM&AS active ingredients were first searched from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) and Traditional Chinese Medicine Information Database (TCM-ID). Meanwhile, we collected relevant target genes of SCI through the GeneCards database, OMIM database, PharmGkb database, DurgBank database, and TDD database. By utilizing the STRING database, we constructed a network of protein-protein interactions (PPIs). In addition, we used R and STRING to perform GO and KEGG function enrichment analyses. Subsequently, AutoDock Vina was employed for a molecular docking study on the most active ingredients and most targeted molecules to validate the results of the network pharmacology analysis mentioned above. Result The overall number of AM&AS active compounds identified was 22, while the number of SCI-related targets identified was 159. Then, the 4 key active ingredients were MOL000098 quercetin, MOL000422 kaempferol, MOL000354 isorhamnetin, and MOL000392 formononetin. A total of fourteen core targets were TP53, ESR1, MAPK1, MTC, HIF1A, HSP90AA1, FOS, MAPK14, STAT1, AKT1, EGFR, RELA, CCND1, and RB1. The KEGG enrichment analysis results indicated that lipid and atherosclerosis, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, human cytomegalovirus infection, fluid shear stress, and atherosclerosis, etc., were enhanced with SCI development. Based on the analyses of docked molecules, four main active compounds had high affinity for the key targets. Conclusions Altogether, it identified the mechanisms by which AM&AS was used for SCI treatment, namely, active ingredients, targets and signaling pathways. Consequently, further research into AM&AS treating SCI can be conducted on this scientific basis.
TAOK1 Promotes Proliferation and Invasion of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells by Inhibition of WWC1

Background For patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), targeted therapy significantly improves the therapeutic effect of NSCLC patients. With the development of molecular targeted therapy, more and more NSCLC-related genes have been found. Thousand and one amino-acid kinase 1 (TAOK1) has been identified as a potential target for drug research in various cancers. The main objective of this study was to explore the expression and function of TAOK1 in NSCLC. Methods Western blotting was employed to assess TAOK1 expression in NSCLC cell lines. The effects of TAOK1 on biological behaviors, including proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis of NSCLC cells, were assessed. The relationship between TAOK1 and WW and C2 domain containing 1 (WWC1) was assessed by Co-IP assay. The subcutaneous injection of tumor cells in nude mice was used to verify it in vivo. Results As expected, TAOK1 was increased in NSCLC cell lines. Following TAOK1 knockdown, NSCLC cells exhibited a significant decrease in the invasion and increased apoptosis in vitro. Instead, the TAOK1 elevation showed the opposite results. The Co-IP assay identified that TAOK1 specifically interacted with WWC1. Knockdown of WWC1 overturned TAOK1 silencing-mediated malignant phenotype of NSCLC cells. Additionally, subcutaneous tumorigenesis assays in nude mice confirmed that TAOK1 knockdown markedly restrained the proliferation capacity of NSCLC cells in vivo. Conclusion Surprisingly, TAOK1 overexpression in NSCLC promotes tumor cell growth and invasion, which is associated with downregulation of its downstream protein WWC1, and this result might provide a robust research basis to inquire about the precise therapeutic targets for NSCLC.
Glioblastoma With Unusual Features: Presentation With Intracerebral Hematoma, Diagnosis With CT Perfusion and Subsequent Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis With Resultant New Hemorrhage

Background: During the course of primary malignant brain tumors, there is an increased tendency for both intracerebral hemorrhage and venous sinus thrombosis. Case Report: A 63-year-old man presented with a headache, and a brain computed tomography (CT) scan showed a hematoma in the right occipital lobe. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed almost complete rim enhancement, and CT perfusion showed increased cerebral blood volume values. A new bleeding focus and a thrombus extending from the superior sagittal sinus to the cortical vein were seen on CT and MRI scans performed due to the headache that developed the day before surgery. After surgical evacuation of the hematoma, a giant cell glioblastoma diagnosis was made as a result of pathological examination of the lesion. Conclusion: In challenging cases like this, perfusion techniques are useful. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis should also be kept in mind during the perioperative and postoperative periods to avoid complications.
COVID-19 Semantic Pneumonia Segmentation and Classification Using Artificial Intelligence

Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic. The seriousness of COVID-19 can be realized from the number of victims worldwide and large number of deaths. This paper presents an efficient deep semantic segmentation network (DeepLabv3Plus). Initially, the dynamic adaptive histogram equalization is utilized to enhance the images. Data augmentation techniques are then used to augment the enhanced images. The second stage builds a custom convolutional neural network model using several pretrained ImageNet models and compares them to repeatedly trim the best-performing models to reduce complexity and improve memory efficiency. Several experiments were done using different techniques and parameters. Furthermore, the proposed model achieved an average accuracy of 99.6% and an area under the curve of 0.996 in the COVID-19 detection. This paper will discuss how to train a customized smart convolutional neural network using various parameters on a set of chest X-rays with an accuracy of 99.6%.
On Misapplications of Diffusion Approximations in Birth and Death Processes of Noisy Evolution

Birth and death processes with a finite number of states are used in modeling different kinds of noisy learning processes in economics. To analyze the long run properties one looks a the corresponding stationary distribution. When the number of states is large, the stationary distribution becomes bulky and difficult to analyze. To simplify the analysis in such a situation and hence to make the long run properties of the learning process more transparent, a diffusion approximation has been suggested. Unfortunately, quite often such such approximation is not correctly done. Why this happens and how the situation can be fixed is discussed in this note.
Stress Recognition Based on Multiphysiological Data in High-Pressure Driving VR Scene

Human stress recognition has been used in a variety of contexts, including stress caused by work pressures, mental pressures, trauma, and physical sickness. Meanwhile, the issue of battlefield-induced stress among army veterans has received less attention among researchers. Despite the fact that numerous programs are available to help army soldiers cope with stress, research on physiological behavior as a result of high-pressure combat impacts is still lacking. Since experiencing the same in real time is difficult, we created a virtual reality (VR) technology-based digital battlefield driving scenario and reproduce the stray bullet stimulations within the same in order to mimic the original battlefield environment. The VR scene is then combined with real-time physiological sensors, such as electrocardiography (ECG), Galvanic skin response (GSR) sensor, and an eye-tracking device to analyze the pressure circumstance resulting from the bullet stimulations. The proposed work analyzed the physiological signal individually and as a whole to determine whether the VR stimulation arouse stress in the subject or not. The statistical method and cutting-edge technology, such as the machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models, were used in this work for the classification of the physiological data-induced stress condition. A comprehensive analysis was carried out among the significant features of the physiological signal and the raw signals as well. The observed results reveal that the VR battlefield can effectively arouse stress in humans, and the DL model can predict the stress condition with good accuracy.
A practical environment potential field modelling method for complex geometric objects

Abstract Several studies have been conducted on collision avoidance (CA) and path planning for maritime autonomous surface ships (MASS) based on artificial potential field (APF) and electronic navigation chart (ENC) data. However, to date, accurate, highly efficient, and automatic modelling of complicated geometry environment potential fields (EPFs) has not been realised. In this study, an accurate EPF model is established using ENC data to describe different types of obstacles, navigable areas, and non-navigable areas. The implicit equations of complex polygons are constructed based on the R-function theory, and the discrete-convex hull method is introduced to realise the automatic modelling of EPF. Moreover, collaborative CA and obstacle avoidance (OA) experiments are designed and conducted in a simulated environment and based on the ENC data. The results show that the proposed EPF modelling method is accurate, reliable, and time-efficient even with numerous ENC data and complex shapes owing to the R-function representation for geometric objects and discrete-convex hull method. The combination of improved APF and EPF models is proven to be effective for CA and OA. This paper presents a practical EPF modelling approach for APF-based ship path planning.
The Clinical Research and Latest Application of Genomic Assays in Early-Stage Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is a kind of malignant tumor that seriously endangers women's life and health. Once diagnosed, most patients will receive a combination of treatments to achieve a cure. However, breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease. Even with the same clinical stage and pathological features, its response to treatment and postoperative recurrence risk may still be completely different. With the advent of genomic assay, some patients with early-stage breast cancer who originally needed treatment can still achieve long-term disease-free survival without adjuvant chemotherapy, so as to achieve personalized and accurate treatment mode to a certain extent. In this paper, we reviewed the 5 most widely used and studied genomic panel technologies in breast cancer, namely Oncotype DX, MammaPrint, RecurIndex, PAM50, and EndoPredict, according to accessibility and availability. Based on the results of the completed or ongoing clinical studies, we summarized the origin, applicable population, and clinical efficacy of each detection method, and discussed the potential development prospect of detection technology in the future.
Transmission of a quantum state in a periodically poled nonlinear crystal

Theoretical calculations on transmission of quantum states such as Schr\"{o}dinger cat (SC) states are considered in a periodically poled nonlinear crystal (PPNC). Combinations of various initial states (SC, coherent (C),and vacuum (V)) of light waves at frequencies $\omega_{e}$ and $3\omega_{e}$ at the input of a PPNC are studied. It is shown that the transmission and interference between superposition of macroscopically distinguishable states can be achieved by using a PPNC. Visualization and analyzes of transmission and interference processes are demonstrated with the help of reduced Wigner quasi-probability distribution functions of considered light waves.