Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Passive Acoustic Monitoring as a Tool to Investigate the Spatial Distribution of Invasive Alien Species

Invasive alien species (IAS) are a threat to biodiversity and ecosystem function worldwide. Unfortunately, researchers, agencies, and other management groups face the unresolved challenge of effectively detecting and monitoring IAS at large spatial and temporal scales. To improve the detection of soniferous IAS, we introduced a pipeline for large-scale passive acoustic monitoring (PAM). Our main goal was to illustrate how PAM can be used to rapidly provide baseline information on soniferous IAS. To that aim, we collected acoustic data across Puerto Rico from March to June 2021 and used single-species occupancy models to investigate species distribution of species in the archipelago and to assess the peak of vocal activity. Overall, we detected 16 IAS (10 birds, 3 mammals, and 3 frogs) and 79 native species in an extensive data set with 1,773,287 1-min recordings. Avian activity peaked early in the morning (between 5 a.m. and 7 a.m.), while amphibians peaked between 1 a.m. and 5 a.m. Occupancy probability for IAS in Puerto Rico ranged from 0.002 to 0.67. In general, elevation and forest cover older than 54 years were negatively associated with IAS occupancy, corroborating our expectation that IAS occurrence is related to high levels of human disturbance and present higher occupancy probabilities in places characterized by more intense human activities. The work presented here demonstrates that PAM is a workable solution for monitoring vocally active IAS over a large area and provides a reproducible workflow that can be extended to allow for continued monitoring over longer timeframes.
Turbulências à frente: discussões sobre saúde no trabalho a partir dos relatos de Comissários de Bordo

O Comissário de Bordo é o profissional que está em contato direto com os passageiros, responsável por recebê-los a bordo, pela hospitalidade e por zelar pela segurança de todos dentro da aeronave. Este profissional é visto no imaginário popular como alguém que viaja e conhece lugares, culturas e pessoas diferentes e ainda recebe por isso. Porém, as características tão singulares dessa profissão implicam diversas alterações no modo de vida e também na saúde desse trabalhador, seja de forma física, psicológica ou social. O objetivo do presente estudo foi discutir os aspectos da profissão e a relação saúde – doença laboral desses profissionais. A metodologia utilizada foi o levantamento teórico do assunto, aliado à aplicação de questionário aberto não-assistido a dez comissários de cinco companhias aéreas diferentes. A partir dos dados coletados, os resultados – dentro da amostra específica - comprovaram os impactos da profissão no cotidiano e também na saúde dos entrevistados: dores musculares, ressecamento da pele e vias nasais, estresse. Percebeu-se ainda, problemas relacionados a questões sociais, seja com a família, amigos e/ou parceiros (as).
DETECTION OF THE ZEEMAN EFFECT IN THE 36 GHz CLASS I CH3OH MASER LINE WITH THE EVLA

We report the first detection of the Zeeman effect in the 36 GHz Class I CH3OH maser line. The observations were carried out with 13 antennas of the EVLA toward the high mass star-forming region M8E. Based on our adopted Zeeman splitting factor of z = 1.7 Hz mG-1, we detect a line-of-sight magnetic field of −31.3 ± 3.5 mG and 20.2 ± 3.5 mG to the northwest and southeast of the maser line peak, respectively. This change in sign over a 1300 AU size scale may indicate that the masers are tracing two regions with different fields, or that the same field curves across the regions where the masers are being excited. The detected fields are not significantly different from the magnetic fields detected in the 6.7 GHz Class II CH3OH maser line, indicating that CH3OH masers may trace the large-scale magnetic field, or that the magnetic field remains unchanged during the early evolution of star-forming regions. Given what is known about the densities at which 36 GHz CH3OH masers are excited, we find that the magnetic field is dynamically significant in the star-forming region.
Problem-solving in groups of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus): more than the sum of its parts

Abstract Human hypercooperativity and the emergence of division of labor enables us to solve problems not only effectively within a group but also collectively. Collective problem-solving occurs when groups perform better than the additive performance of separate individuals. Currently, it is unknown whether this is unique to humans. To investigate the evolutionary origin of collective problem-solving and potential precursors, we propose a continuum of group effects on problem-solving, from simple to complex ones, eventually culminating in collective problem-solving. We tested captive common marmosets with a series of problem-solving tasks, either alone or in a group. To test whether the performance of a group was more than the sum of its parts, we compared real groups to virtual groups (pooled scores of animals tested alone). Marmosets in real groups were both more likely to solve problems than marmosets within the virtual groups and to do so faster. Although individuals within real groups approached the problem faster, a reduction in neophobia was not sufficient to explain the greater success. Success within real groups arose because animals showed higher perseverance, especially after a fellow group member had found the solution in complex tasks. These results are consistent with the idea that group problem-solving evolved alongside a continuum, with performance improving beyond baseline as societies move from social tolerance to opportunities for diffusion of information to active exchange of information. We suggest that increasing interdependence and the adoption of cooperative breeding pushed our ancestors up this scale.
Local entropy generation analysis

Second law analysis techniques have been widely used to evaluate the sources of irreversibility in components and systems of components but the evaluation of local sources of irreversibility in thermal processes has received little attention. While analytical procedures for evaluating local entropy generation have been developed, applications have been limited to fluid flows with analytical solutions for the velocity and temperature fields. The analysis of local entropy generation can be used to evaluate more complicated flows by including entropy generation calculations in a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code. The research documented in this report consists of incorporating local entropy generation calculations in an existing CFD code and then using the code to evaluate the distribution of thermodynamic losses in two applications: an impinging jet and a magnetic heat pump. 22 refs., 13 figs., 9 tabs.
Best Practice Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Vertebrogenic Pain with Basivertebral Nerve Ablation from the American Society of Pain and Neuroscience

Abstract Chronic low back pain is a worldwide leading cause of pain and disability. Degenerative disc disease has been the presumptive etiology in the majority of cases of chronic low back pain (CLBP). More recent study and treatments have discovered that the vertebral endplates play a large role in CLBP in a term defined as vertebrogenic back pain. As the vertebral endplates are highly innervated via the basivertebral nerve (BVN), this has resulted in a reliable target in treating patients suffering from vertebrogenic low back pain (VLBP). The application of BVN ablation for patients suffering from VLBP is still in its early stages of adoption and integration into spine care pathways. BVN ablation is grounded in a solid foundation of both pre-clinical and clinical evidence. With the emergence of this therapeutic option, the American Society of Pain and Neuroscience (ASPN) identified the need for formal evidence-based guidelines for the proper identification and selection of patients for BVN ablation in patients with VLBP. ASPN formed a multidisciplinary work group tasked to examine the available literature and form best practice guidelines on this subject. Based on the United States Preventative Task Force (USPSTF) criteria for grading evidence, gives BVN ablation Level A grade evidence with high certainty that the net benefit is substantial in appropriately selected individuals.
Inteligencia artificial aplicada al método Backward Seismic Analysis

Este trabajo presenta aplicaciones del método Backward Seismic Analysis (BSA) para estanques de acero de acuerdo con una base de datos que recopila más de 382 estanques de acero en operación durante terremotos de subducción: el ocurrido en Valdivia en 1960, en Chile Central en 1985, en Tocopilla en 2007, el último de gran magnitud registrado en el Maule en 2010, en Alaska en 1964 y otros de Estados Unidos entre 1933 y 1995 (subductivos y corticales). Se ha registrado que gran parte de los estanques sin sistemas de anclajes han fallado durante grandes terremotos. Estos han sido diseñados principalmente con los códigos API 650-E, AWWA-D100 y NZSEE, los cuales proponen procedimientos equivalentes para estimar las demandas sísmicas, pero con métodos de diseño distintos. Durante diferentes conferencias se evaluaron las causas que originaron las fallas, concluyendo que los estanques estaban diseñados principalmente con el estándar API 650-E y no disponían de sistemas de anclajes. Además, los códigos de diseño más utilizados no consideran en la actualidad los aspectos relevantes que condicionan la respuesta sísmica de los estanques de acero. Este trabajo desarrolla un modelo de predicción basado en la información histórica ya descrita, capaz de predecir de manera eficiente si un estanque presentará fallas durante algún terremoto. Se evaluaron diversos algoritmos, encontrando que el método Random Forest exhibe los mejores resultados. Los resultados obtenidos en la predicción de fallas de estanques alcanzan más del 90 % de eficiencia en la mayoría de los escenarios evaluados.
What is the Structure of Relativistic Jets in AGN on Scales of Light Days

Abstract : The structure of relativistic jets in AGN on scales of light days reveals how energy propagates through jets, a process that is fundamental to galaxy evolution. A deeper understanding of jet physics will clarify the differences between radio-loud and radio-quiet quasars that manifest themselves near the supermassive black hole. We can also use relativistic jets to identify supermassive binary black holes remaining from galaxy mergers, and use orbital motion to derive the masses of the black holes. The search for binary black holes in the nuclei of galaxies will yield important information on their overall lifetime and on the processes occurring in galaxies that affect black holes and quasars. High-precision astrometric measurements, made using the technique of optical interferometry on a space-based platform, such as SIM Lite, are the key to answering these questions.
Recombination lifetime of In0.53Ga0.47As as a function of doping density

We have fabricated devices with the structure InP/In0.53Ga0. 47As/InP, with a InGaAs doping range varying from 2×1014 to 2×1019 cm−3. These isotype double heterostructures were doped both n and p type and were used to measure the minority-carrier lifetime of InGaAs over this doping range. At the low doping end of the series, recombination is dominated by the Shockley–Read–Hall effect. At the intermediate doping levels, radiative recombination is dominant. At the highest doping levels, Auger recombination dominates as the lifetime varies with the inverse square of the doping concentration. From fitting these data, the radiative- and Auger-recombination coefficients are deduced.
Energy Consumption Minimization for Data Collection From Wirelessly-Powered IoT Sensors: Session-Specific Optimal Design With DRL

Reliable and energy-efficient data collection from resource-limited sensors is essential to the success of future Internet of Things (IoT). In this article, we study the energy consumption minimization problem during the data collection from a generic wirelessly-powered sensor. Specifically, we determine the optimal data collection parameters, in terms of charging duration and charging power as well as sensor transmission rate, in real time according to the instantaneous channel condition while satisfying a certain latency constraint. For the scenario of ideal rate-adaptive transmission with linear energy harvesting, we derive closed-form expressions for optimal transmission parameters. We also establish the condition on channel quality for successful data collection under a latency constraint. For the more practical case of finite block-length transmission with nonlinear energy harvesting, we develop a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) solution for efficient online implementation. We also propose an online tuning scheme to cater for model inaccuracy and environment variation. The accuracy and effectiveness of our proposed approaches are verified by comparing with benchmark schemes. Our DRL-based approach has broad applicability and can solve other real-time optimal design problems in wireless communications.
The Role of Sex in Acute and Chronic Liver Damage

Acute and chronic hepatic damages are caused by xenobiotics or different diseases affecting the liver, characterized by different etiologies and pathological features. It has been demonstrated extensively that liver damage progresses differently in men and women, and some chronic liver diseases show a more favorable prognosis in women than in men. This review aims to update the most recent advances in the comprehension of the molecular basis of the sex difference observed in both acute and chronic liver damage. With this purpose, we report experimental studies on animal models and clinical observations investigating both acute liver failure, e.g., drug-induced liver injury (DILI), and chronic liver diseases, e.g., viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease (ALD), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), autoimmune liver diseases, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Performance of self-compacting concrete containing nano clay at elevated temperatures and MgSO4 attack

Abstract Due to increasing urbanisation, the volume of cement production and construction waste is increasing and poses a hazard to the environment. As a result, it is important to replace completely or partly of cement with an alternative material to achieve a sustainable environment. In recent years, researchers have been drawn attention to produce self compacting concrete due to its uniqueness in self weight and becoming compacted efficiently with no segregation and bleeding. In this study, the fresh and durability properties of self-compacting concrete were studied. The chemical setting of MgSO4 solution with three different concentrations (5, 10, and 20%) at variance periods (30, 60 and 90 days) were exposed to elevated temperatures (200 °C, 400 °C, 600 °C, and 800 °C) for 3 h at ages 56, 90, and 120 days. The reduction in compressive strength, mass, and UPV was measured. It was found that the NC incorporating SCC specimens have higher durability properties than reference SCC. At the same time, the lower weight percentages of BLP provided insignificant durability properties. Therefore, both mixture material (NC and BLP) can be utilised for producing SCC with good durability.
Survival of Foodborne Pathogens on Berries

Fresh and frozen berries are popular foods. When berries are picked for fresh consumption, they are usually packed directly without washing because they are highly perishable. There is typically no “kill step” that would eliminate pathogens on fresh or frozen berries. Foodborne illness outbreaks have been associated with the consumption of fresh or frozen berries that were contaminated with pathogenic viruses, parasites, or bacteria. Contamination can occur before or during harvest or during final preparation. This 11-page fact sheet was written by Mary Palumbo, Linda J. Harris, and Michelle D. Danyluk, and published by the UF Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, November 2013.
Corporate Social Responsibility Motives in Batik Enterprises During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Exploratory Study

Research aims: The study aims to describe Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities by Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) during the pandemic, ascertain the CSR motives, and analyze the relationship between these motives and the characteristics of social and green entrepreneurship.Design/Methodology/Approach: This research was qualitative. Data were collected through Focus Group Discussions (FGD) with the Indonesian Batik Lovers Group (IBLG) Sekar Jagad and in-depth interviews with Batik entrepreneurs. Research findings: Batik entrepreneurs can still survive with the help of IBLG Sekar Jagad, which continued to aid through collaboration with various government agencies. Batik entrepreneurs successfully survived by modifying the employee compensation model. Regarding the prevention of environmental pollution, they still use synthetic materials, but the use has been strictly controlled. In addition, their motive for continuing to carry out CSR activities is Batik preservation.Theoretical contribution/Originality: This research provides an additional discussion on the motivation of MSMEs in CSR activities.Practitioner/Policy implication: This research provides information for the government to increase the awareness of Batik business actors to carry out CSR activities voluntarily. This study result can be used to develop MSMEs mentoring models to support social and green entrepreneurship achievement. Research limitation/Implication: The limitation of the study is that the study only involved three informants from the Batik enterprise actors, so the conclusions are only based on the interviews of these three informants.
Probing the flavor of the top quark decay

The top quark sector is almost decoupled from lighter quark generations due to the fact that $V_{tb}\approx$~1. The current experimental measurements of $V_{tb}$ are compatible with the Standard Model expectations but are still dominated by experimental uncertainties. In this manuscript, a revision of the experimental methods used to measure $V_{tb}$ is given, and a simple method to probe heavy flavor content fraction of top quark events, $R=B(t\rightarrow Wb)/B(t\rightarrow Wq)$, is presented and discussed. Prospects for the measurements at the Large Hadron Collider based on generator level simulations are outlined.
Entendimento do Controle de TAGs nas Redes Sociais

As redes sociais (RS) oferecem diversas funcionalidades e opções de configurações de privacidade. No entanto, os seus usuários apresentam dificuldades em entendê-las, em especial quando ocorre o uso de TAG. Como consequência ocorre divulgação excessiva das informações e perda de controle dos dados dos usuários. Para remediar essa situação propõe-se a modelagem de cenários e interfaces através de regras de controle de acesso dos usuários baseadas em TAG. Como resultado preliminar obteve-se que as interfaces auxiliam no aprimoramento do entendimento do funcionamento das TAGs e do conhecimento dos usuários em relação aos impactos na privacidade de demais usuários.
On some central problems in computational complexity

In this thesis we examine some of the central problems in the theory of computational complexity, like the trade-offs between time and memory, the power of nondeterminism and parallelism, and the speed gained by adding new operations to random access machines. Our main result is the cahracterization of the power of multiplication in random access acceptors: we show, in Chapter 3, that for such models nondeterministic and deterministic computations are polynomially related and that there is a polynomial relationship between the amount of time required for acceptance by random access machines with multiplication, and the amount of tape required by Turing machines. Thus, the additional power gained by using multiplication is the same as that of memory over time (if any). We derive similar results for some other interesting instruction sets. We also have some results for probabilistic and nondeterministic computations: we define threshold machines and show how probabilistic Turing machines may simulate them, and exhibit a set of complete problems for threshold machines. For nondeterministic computations, we present a hierarchy of the elementary recursive languages obtained by polynomially bounded quantification over objects of higher and higher type, which represent nondeterministic time bounded computations with larger and larger bounds. Finally, we discuss some deterministic computations, and conclude with a look at some open problems.
Tracking and Dynamic Tuning of a Wireless Powered Endoscopic Capsule

This work presents an inductive wireless power transfer system for powering an endoscopy capsule supplying energy to power electronic devices allocated inside a capsule of ≈26.1 mm × 9 mm. A receiver with three coils in quadrature with dimensions of ≈9 mm × 9 mm × 10 mm is located inside the capsule, moving freely inside a transmitter coil with 380 mm diameter through translations and revolutions. The proposed system tracks the variations of the equivalent magnetic coupling coefficient compensating misalignments between the transmitter and receiver coils. The power on the load is estimated and optimized from the transmitter, and the tracking control is performed by actuating on a capacitance in the matching network and on the voltage source frequency. The proposed system can prevent load overheating by limiting the power via adjusting of the magnitude of voltage source VS. Experimental results with uncertainties analysis reveal that, even at low magnetic coupling coefficients k ranging from (1.7 × 10−3, 3.5 × 10−3), the power on the load can be held within the range of 100–130 mW. These results are achieved with any position of the capsule in the space, limited by the diameter of the transmitter coil and height of 200 mm when adjusting the series capacitance of the transmitter in the range (17.4, 19.4) pF and the frequency of the power source in the range (802.1, 809.5) kHz.
Genotyping-by-Sequencing Defines Genetic Structure within the “Acquaviva” Red Onion Landrace

Genetic structure and distinctive features of landraces, such as adaptability to local agro-ecosystems and specific qualitative profiles, can be substantially altered by the massive introduction of allochthonous germplasm. The landrace known as “Cipolla rossa di Acquaviva” (Acquaviva red onion, further referred to as ARO) is traditionally cultivated and propagated in a small area of the Apulia region (southern Italy). However, the recent rise of its market value and cultivation area is possibly causing genetic contamination with foreign propagating material. In this work, genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) was used to characterize genetic variation of seven onion populations commercialized as ARO, as well as one population of the landrace “Montoro” (M), which is phenotypically similar, but originates from another cultivation area and displays different qualitative features. A panel of 5011 SNP markers was used to perform parametric and non-parametric genetic structure analyses, which supported the hypothesis of genetic contamination of germplasm commercialized as ARO with a gene pool including the M landrace. Four ARO populations formed a core genetic group, homogeneous and clearly distinct from the other ARO and M populations. Conversely, the remaining three ARO populations did not display significant differences with the M population. A set of private alleles for the ARO core genetic group was identified, indicating the possibility to trace the ARO landrace by means of a SNP-based molecular barcode. Overall, the results of this study provide a framework for further breeding activities and the traceability of the ARO landrace.