Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Novel applications of Z-matrix to network topology analysis in the relay coordination software

The impedance matrix (Z-matrix) of power system contains much useful and unrevealed information. It has been widely used for short-circuit analysis, contingency analysis and economic dispatch. Based on the electrical coupling paths described by physical parameters of equivalent network derived from the reduced impedance matrix, some novel physical topological analysis methods to identify cut edges, cut vertices and radial paths in the relay coordination and fault analysis software are proposed. The formation of the impedance matrix is the fundamental work of the fault analysis and relay coordination. The physical methods proposed thoroughly utilise the topological information concealed in the existent Z-matrix. Compared with the traditional graph-theoretical approaches, the physical one has clearer and more significant physical implication that may help to understand and give insight into the study of the topology of the electrical network topology in power system comprehensively. Examples are presented to prove the consistency of physical topology in power system with the corresponding geometrical topology. The efficiency of the physical methods to improve network topology analysis has also been validated.
A Hematologic Disease Disguised as Cutaneous Candidiasis

Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a rare hematologic neoplasm with a myeloid origin, which can affect numerous organs, the skin being the second most frequently affected by this disease. In this report, a case of a 44-year-old female, who was intermittently followed due to a suspected persistent cutaneous candidiasis in which a skin biopsy revealed Langerhans cell histiocytosis with immunohistochemistry positive for CD1a and S100 protein, is described. The management of Langerhans cell histiocytosis is difficult because these disorders respond inconsistently to immunosuppressive and chemotherapeutic strategies. The authors present this case to highlight a differential diagnosis of refractory cutaneous candidiasis and raise awareness of the importance of skin biopsy in these cases.
Impact of the Three Gorges Dam Overruled by an Extreme Climate Hazard

AbstractWhile it is generally difficult to separate the impact of extreme climate events on river catchment conditions from that of human activities, there are unique data available to document this for the catchment area of the Yangtze in the years that the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) started to have an impact. During the second impoundment phase in 2006, the suspended sediment discharge (SSD) and water stored behind the TGD was 23×106 t and 11×109 m3, respectively, which is only 18% of the total SSD reduction and about 1% of the water discharge (901×109 m3) in 2005 at Datong. The total SSD and water discharge into the Yangtze Estuary in 2006 was 60 and 24% less than those in 2005, respectively. It can be quantified that the contribution of the extreme climate (drought) on discharge and SSD reduction was 95 and 82% of the total in 2006, respectively. In addition, it was found that the periods of high salinity (>250 and 400 mg/L) at Haimen that happened during the second impoundment phase accounted for 25 and .
Airframe Noise Studies on Wings with Deployed High Lift Devices

Employment of very quiet high-bypass-ratio engines to propel current and future "very large aircraft" has caused airframe noise to become a significant contributor to the overall radiated noise from an aircraft in landing approach. This has brought about a worldwide resurgence of airframe noise studies, to try and understand the aeroacoustics of, and to ultimately control the aerodynamically caused noise from aircraft components deployed during the final approach leg, such as landing gears and high-lift devices (HLD) on wings. In view of European aviation industry to design and build a very large commercial aeroplane, a substantial and dedicated German National Research Project was initiated, culminating in a series of model- und full-scale wind tunnel experiments on HLD. This paper discusses initial results from HLD-studies in the DLR Aeroacoustics Wind Tunnel Brauschweig (AWB) where an acoustic mirror was employed on a 1/10 scale-model wing section to identify the aeroacoustic source mechanisms of slat-noise and flap side-edge noise. Tests were performed for different flow velocities and wing angles-of-attack, indicating that the very slat tracks constitute sources of excessive flow noise. Moreover, both slat-noise and flap side-edge noise, respectively, were found to each be a result of specific combinations of different unsteady-aerodynamics mechanisms. Several, though still preliminary noise reduction techniques were tested, showing nevertheless significant promise to enable containment of otherwise excessive slat-noise and flap side-edge noise, such techniques being quite feasible for future full-scale application.
Crystal structure of semisynthetic obelin‐v

Coelenterazine‐v (CTZ‐v), a synthetic derivative with an additional benzyl ring, yields a bright bioluminescence of Renilla luciferase and its “yellow” mutant with a significant shift in the emission spectrum toward longer wavelengths, which makes it the substrate of choice for deep tissue imaging. Although Ca2+‐regulated photoproteins activated with CTZ‐v also display red‐shifted light emission, in contrast to Renilla luciferase their bioluminescence activities are very low, which makes photoproteins activated by CTZ‐v unusable for calcium imaging. Here, we report the crystal structure of Ca2+‐regulated photoprotein obelin with 2‐hydroperoxycoelenterazine‐v (obelin‐v) at 1.80 Å resolution. The structures of obelin‐v and obelin bound with native CTZ revealed almost no difference; only the minor rearrangement in hydrogen‐bond pattern and slightly increased distances between key active site residues and some atoms of 2‐hydroperoxycoelenterazine‐v were found. The fluorescence quantum yield (ΦFL) of obelin bound with coelenteramide‐v (0.24) turned out to be even higher than that of obelin with native coelenteramide (0.19). Since both obelins are in effect the enzyme‐substrate complexes containing the 2‐hydroperoxy adduct of CTZ‐v or CTZ, we reasonably assume the chemical reaction mechanisms and the yields of the reaction products (ΦR) to be similar for both obelins. Based on these findings we suggest that low bioluminescence activity of obelin‐v is caused by the low efficiency of generating an electronic excited state (ΦS). In turn, the low ΦS value as compared to that of native CTZ might be the result of small changes in the substrate microenvironment in the obelin‐v active site.
The CHIP - Peak Detectors for Multistandard Wireless Receivers

Peak detectors (or envelope detectors) are commonly found in modern communication receivers mainly as a building block of automatic gain control (AGC) loops. The main function of the peak detectors is to detect the peak value of an input signal and track the peak over time. In this paper, some of peak detector topologies and their applications in multistandard wireless receivers was presented
Type II Odontoid Fractures Case Series: History of Seizures a Risk Factor for Failure of Non-operative Treatment of Type II Odontoid Fractures

Introduction: Odontoid fractures are one of the most common injuries to the cervical spine. Type II odontoid fracture treatment varies depending on age, co-morbidities, and fracture morphology. Treatment ranges from cervical orthosis to surgical intervention. CurrentlyAt present, fractures with high non-union rates are considered for operative management which includes displacement of >6 mm, increasing age (>40-–60 years), fracture gap >1 mm, delay in treatment >4 days, posterior re-displacement >2 mm, increased angulation, and history of smoking. While re-displacement of >2 mm has been associated with increased risk of non-union;, to the best of our knowledge, no studies have looked at the risk factors for re-displacement. Case Report: We present two 26-year-old male patients who were found to have minimally displaced type II odontoid fractures initially treated in a cervical collar. These two patients were subsequently found to have displaced their odontoid fracture after having a documented seizure. Conclusion: We suggest that a history of seizures be considered a risk factor for re-displacement of non-displaced type II odontoid fractures.
Impact of COVID-19 on Children's and Adolescent's Mental Health in Saudi Arabia

Background COVID-19 outbreak was sudden and unexpected in most countries. It has spread globally between January and March 2020. The World Health Organization (WHO) first declared the outbreak as a global pandemic on 11 March 2020. While this lockdown has proven to be an important and successful method of social distancing to counter the growing spread of the highly contagious COVID-19 virus, it has also created a degree of psychological impact on the public. Children may be strongly exposed to pandemic-generated biopsychosocial stressors, and once the containment measures of the population are needed to minimize the spread of viruses, they may be negatively impacted by the disturbance of everyday life as a result of social isolation. During school closures, children's routines may change, and healthy behaviors, such as physical activity, adequate diet, or good sleeping habits, may be less likely to happen. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted in Saudi Arabia from 20 March 2021 to 30 March 2021, targeted at children's parents and adolescents. Our concentration was on the impact of COVID-19 on the psychiatric wellbeing of children and adolescents. The data was collected through an online self-administered questionnaire which contains 56 close-ended questions for parents of children and 46 close-ended questions for adolescents. Statistical analysis was performed using R v 3.6. 3 (R Foundation, Vienna, Austria). Counts and percentages were used to summarize the distribution of categorical variables. Results The questionnaire was completed by 1141 respondents, 454 were < 18 years old. Thus, these respondents completed the questionnaire on behalf of themselves. The remaining 688 respondents were adults and completed the questionnaire on behalf of their children. Results showed that higher children's age was associated with less increase in worrying, restlessness, and a higher increase in sadness. Higher age was associated with a higher increase in the frequency of waking up, sleeping little, and uneasiness, and nervousness. Having relatives who were infected with COVID-19 was associated with higher increases in most of the negative behaviors such as anxiety, sadness, sleeping little, indecisiveness, and irritability. Punishment threats, screaming, and hitting were associated with a higher increase in negative behaviors during the pandemic compared to before the pandemic. Results showed that neither the gender of the parent nor the child was associated with any of the domains of the child's behavior. Children whose parents were divorced had higher scores on anxiety, restlessness, and sleep disorders than children whose parents were not divorced Conclusion COVID-19 has caused increased stress on families, especially children and adolescents who are vulnerable populations. Our results show that the COVID-19 pandemic can affect the mental health of children and adolescents in Saudi Arabia. We showed that parental stress is a predictor of psychiatric problems, which, if unaddressed, can cause child maltreatment and greater psychological distress.
An interleaved/retimed architecture for the lattice wave digital filter

An architecture for the lattice wave digital filter (LWDF) that reduces the hardware of the traditional structure by 30%-45% without sacrificing speed is presented. For fixed coefficient filters using canonic signed digit multipliers, the integrated circuit chip area of an LWDF is dominated by the adders. Application of the concept of pipeline interleaving and retiming to the traditional LWDF structure allows its inherent symmetry to be used to reduce the number of adders in the structure by almost 50%. >
The Minimum Formula Size Problem is (ETH) Hard

A longstanding open question is whether the Minimum Circuit Size Problem (MCSP) is NP-complete. In fact, even determining whether MCSP has a search-to-decision reduction has been open for over twenty years. We show that, under the Exponential Time Hypothesis, the Minimum (DeMorgan) Formula Size Problem, MFSP, is not in P. Building on this, we show that MFSP has a polynomial-time (exact) search-to-decision reduction, a result that does not relativize. Our main technique relates the formula complexity of a partial function with the formula complexity of an associated total function and is proved using the “leaf weighting” technique of Buchfuhrer and Umans.
Advanced Equilibrium Optimizer for Electric Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows

Electric Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (EVRPTW) is often used in the transportation area. EVRPTW is diﬃcult to solve by the traditional precise method. The meta-heuristic algorithm is often used to solve EVRPTW and can obtain approximate optimal solutions. Equilibrium optimizer (EO), as a meta-heuristic algorithm, is simple to implement by software and hardware. Given the shortcomings of EO, such as low convergence precision and fall into local optima easily, we propose an advanced equilibrium optimizer (AEO). In AEO, we improved EO with multi-population method, novel quantum operator, and FPA-inspired pollination operator. Multi-population method constitutes the algorithm structure of AEO. The novel quantum operator and FPA-inspired pollination operator eﬀectively enhance EO’s global exploration capabilities, improving the convergence accuracy and stability of EO. Then we test the AEO by CEC2013. Experiment results and Friedman’s mean rank show that AEO has better performance in convergence than diﬀerential evolution (DE), ﬂower pollination algorithm (FPA), grey wolf optimizer (GWO), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and EO. Finally, AEO also is applied to solve EVRPTW. From the test results of the instances, AEO is more suitable to solve the EVRPTW than some comparison algorithms.
Censored Random Variable as a Form of Coping with Missing Data in Studying the Leachability of Heavy Metals from Hardening Slurries

Missing data in test result tables can significantly impact the analysis quality, especially in relation to technical sciences, where the mechanism generating missing data is often non-random, and their presence depends on the non-observed part of studied variables. In such cases, the application of an inappropriate method for dealing with missing data will lead to bias in the estimated distribution parameters. The article presents a relatively simple method to implement in dealing with missing data generated as a result of the MNAR mechanism, which utilizes the censored random variable. This procedure does not modify the variable distribution form, which is why it ensures objective and efficient estimation of distribution parameters within studies affected by certain restrictions of technical or physical nature (censored distribution), with a relatively low workload. Furthermore, it does not require the application of specialized software. A prerequisite for using this method is the knowledge of the frequency and cause of missing data. The method for estimating the random variable censored distribution parameters was shown based on the example of studying the leachability of selected heavy metals from a hardening slurry. The analysis results were compared with classical methods for dealing with missing data, such as, ignoring missing data observations (listwise or pairwise deletion), single imputation and stochastic regressive imputation.
Leveraging local ADS-B transmissions to assess the performance of air traffic at general aviation airports

— This paper presents details of a novel hardware and software architecture for locally and automatically recording air traffic operations data at general aviation airports, including those that primarily serve smaller aircraft and may not have any other means, such as control towers, to collect such data. The platform is based on ADS-B data collected at 1090 and 978 MHz. We describe its deployment on the Amazon Web Services cloud computing environment. Various pre-processing and filtering stages are demonstrated to clean up the data. Some techniques for dealing with unreliable data are described. Finally, we show how to use the resulting data to compile air traffic performance metrics of interest for small airports, including aircraft approach speeds and runway occupancy times. These metrics may then be used to support enhanced models of airport capacity for these facilities.
UDC: 519

Purpose. The aim of the research is to increase the energy efficiency and the iron content in the concentrate during the ore enrichment process presented through mineralogical and technological species, by developing the principles and approaches to the distributed optimal control of interrelated processes concentrating production on the basis of dynamic spatial-temporal model. Methodology. Analysis of domestic and foreign experience; systematization of the existing approaches and methods to optimize the control of ore enrichment process; methods of mathematical statistics and probability theory for processing the results of experiments; methods of analytical design and computer simulation in the synthesis and analysis of automated systems; methods of system analysis and optimal control methods in the development of process control algorithms; numerical simulation methods for the synthesis and analysis of mathematical models of optimal automated control system; computer information and software technology for the implementation of the developed algorithm for automated control software. Scientific novelty. Developed the method for automating control processes of nonlinear dynamic objects of the technological line iron ore enrichment, which differs from the existing ones, that the technological line processing of iron ore is represented as a structure with lumped inputs: consumption of ore and water in the processing units; and distributed over the entire production line output distribution functions of the iron content by grade of ore particle size, which allowed to redistribute the load between the stages of enrichment and to reduce electricity consumption by 2.34%. Practical significance. The obtained results include the development of: algorithms and programs of the automated energysaving control of ore enrichment process; software and hardware means formation of information base of automated process control over technological processes of ore enrichment.
Wanmi Guo1 · Sulei Wang1 · Qifang Ren1 · Zhen Jin1 · Yi Ding1,2,3 · Chunyu Xiong2 · Jinpeng Li2 · Jing Chen2 · Yuelei Zhu2 · Won‐Chun Oh4

MgxZn1−x ferrite/diatomite composites were synthesized by a two-step combination process (hydrothermal method and mechanical mixing method). The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), UV–visible absorption spectrum (UV–Vis), X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS), and microwave vector network analyzer. The photocatalytic results showed that the degradation rate of Rhodamine B (RhB) was 50–90% after 90 min of visible light. At 2–18 GHz frequency, when the Mg–Zn ratio increases to 0.8, the reflection loss of a single MgxZn1−x ferrite reaches − 7.23 dB at 8.75 GHz frequency in 3.5 mm thickness while the ratio is 0.2, the reflection loss at 10.23 GHz reaches − 4.07 dB. The photocatalytic performance of MgxZn1−x ferrite /diatomite composite for the degradation of RhB and its microwave absorption performance as absorbent are studied. The importance of developing new functional coatings to improve human environment is discussed.
Selection Mechanisms Adopted by Business Incubators: A Cross-Cultural Analysis Romania vs. Italy

Although the evolutionary theory of the firm argues that selection mechanisms are a necessary phenomenon Aldrich (1999) and that the failure of new firms is a natural thing (Everett and Watson, 1998), there is an extensive literature that supports the existence of theoretical reasons for supporting innovative start-ups. and for the existence of support structures, such as business incubators. According to this literature, companies in the early stages of their existence operate in a context characterized by "market failures", which would prevent them from reaching a state of social efficiency in the absence of public intervention. Such failures could be
LUTs GET COLOURING: Optimization of Medical Image Perception in Multiple Modalities Using Colour Mapping and AI

Diagnostic errors in medical image analysis are responsible for 1 in 10 deaths in an outpatient setting and $17-29 billion in wasteful medical spending annually. As the majority of these errors are typically perceptual, developing a mechanism to increase the differentiation of background noise and signal from Regions of Interest (ROI) within medical images would serve to improve patient outcomes. Colour maps were generated using Lookup Tables (LUTs), which were either manipulated within a HSV (Hue, Saturation, Brightness Value) space to resemble parabolic functions, adjusted from pre-existing LUTs from Fiji/ImageJ, or manually segmented to highlight anatomical structures. The efficacy of our generated LUTs was assessed with a survey (n=65) taken by non-radiologists and a Fiji-based automatic lesion detector we coded. While a greater sample size of qualified individuals and generated LUTs would be required to refine our results, five colour maps were shortlisted as being optimal for the detection of brain lesions on T1-weighted MRI scans.
Government Sector and the Government Spending Multipliers

Distinguishing two components of government spending is important, because the shocks of these two components have opposing effects on the private sector. Quantitatively, a one dollar increase in government purchases on goods and services from the private sector leads to a $1.99 to $2.52 increase in the private sector output. However, a one dollar increase in government purchases on goods and services from the government sector results in a $1.64 to $1.81 loss of the private sector output. The policy implication is that in order to stimulate the private sector output, the government needs to spend money in the private sector instead of the government sector. Moreover, this paper can potentially reconcile the conflicts among different identification strategies regarding the response of private consumption. That is, the response of consumption varies with the structure of the identified government spending shocks.
Total quality management principles and practices in China

Considers the role and practices of total quality management in China. After a brief overview, considers the evolution of quality practices and the links to economic reform in China. From the quality literature, develops a measuring instrument to assess the extent and pervasion of quality practices in China. Then applies this instrument to 428 Northern Chinese companies representing different forms of ownership. Finds that the implementation of quality was highly variable. In general, joint venture companies scored highly in quality practices, in contrast, state owned enterprises scored poorly. Privately owned companies also scored well in some aspects of quality implementation. Concludes that the poor quality performance of state owned companies can be attributed to the attitudes and structures created during the period of the command economy.