Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clustering of multiple-event online sound collections with the codebook approach

In massive online audio databases such as Freesound, automatic methods to encode, process, compare and organize the content are relevant topics of research. For instance, a properly organized presentation of these audio collections can improve the user experience when browsing for sounds. When dealing with collections of diverse audio content, some items can contain multiple sonic events. This multi-event audio clips might be challenging to numerically encode in a concise yet representative manner. However, these numerical representations are essential in order to proceed with further computation of the signal. This multiple-event audio clips might be misrepresented by statistical aggregation methods such as computing the mean over the features; in this regard, techniques that retain the elemental blocks of a given signal can be potentially beneficial. This thesis aims to explore the contribution of the codebook approach to the clustering of large collections of multiple-event audio content. The codebook approach might allow to automatically obtain "acoustic words", which are discrete partitions of the feature space that could be roughly representative of the underlying acoustic events present in the original sounds. These "acoustic words" can be understood and processed analogous to natural language words, thus giving access to the use of varied Natural Language Processing techniques, such as Bag-of-Words, TF-IDF or neural network word embeddings. We believe that this approach could help to improve the similarity assessment between multi-event audio clips, and potentially increase the accuracy on an ulterior clustering stage. In future works, this text analogy might also empower interesting artistic research. In order to experiment with the presented concepts, a corresponding end-to-end processing pipeline has been implemented. Freesound Datasets and a brand new custom dataset of acoustic scenes have been employed to perform the experiments. The codebase and the custom dataset are both delivered in the accompanying Github project (https://github.com/lluissuros/codebook-approach). The experiments results are reported, discussed and expanded with ideas for future work.
Linking Multimodal Traveller Information Services for Transnational Journey Planning

There is a huge cross-border travel demand within the EU leading to hundred millions of cross-border trips every year. Notwithstanding the information demand for seamless journey planning and accurate and timely information on public transport, the provided traveller information is often limited in terms of the provided modes and in terms of its geographical coverage. The above mentioned deficiency is tackled by an international consortium of journey planner- and transport operators in the frame of the INTERREG project “LinkingDanube”. The goal is the brining information together from several existing regional services in order to enable journey planning that goes beyond the territory covered by the single systems and offers travellers seamless travel information provided in one integrated journey plan. In particular the objective is to develop a system architecture that enables that combination of services, which is addressed as “distributed journey planning” and an integration of the results. By developing and establishing a common interface (Open API) at each of the involved systems, the exchange of requests and results (not data) will be facilitated. The paper elaborates the service architecture and outlines the technical implementation.
An Dynamic Voltage Regulator For HVDC System On Low Power DC Line With Series Active Power Filter And Reducing Repulsion To The Transmitting Station

Harmonics in HVDC power systems, which are caused by highly non-linear devices, affect its performance. Therefore, the main concern of power engineers in power system design and operation have been controlling and eliminating such repulsion. In respect of this, HVDC power system repulsion analysis is, therefore, imperative in power system planning, control and operation. It is worthy of note that, different alternatives of filter design should be considered before making final decision on filter Configuration. In this paper the reduction of harmonics in the HVDC power transmission system by implementing the active power filter. Also the power factor is increased drastically by reducing the current harmonics in the load side. The solar PV output can be presented and analyzed with help of boost converter in order to proof that the solar output voltage can be increased by the boost converter. The series active power filter appears to be a viable solution for eliminating repulsion currents and current transient condition. Shunt active power filter compensates current by injecting equal voltage compensation is created by nonlinear loads.
ФАКТОРОВ ВРОЖДЕННОГО ИММУНИТЕТА В ОПУХОЛЕОБРАЗОВАНИЯ THE ROLE OF INNATE IMMUNITY FACTORS IN TUMORIGENESIS PROCESS

The theory of polyetiological tumorigenesis is one of the most important theories of carcinogenesis. A great place in this theory is given to the role of inflammatory component, which is implemented via the factors of innate immunity. I.e., toll-like receptors (TLRs), chemokines and their receptors are related to innate immunity. Activation of TLRs may lead to regress or progression of cancer process. It is known that TLR3, TLR5, TLR7, TLR9 have the greatest anti-tumor effect due to the dendritic cells (DCs)-mediated activation of type I T helpers, activation of M1-type macrophages and Treg inhibition. Stimulation of TLR2 and TLR4 exerts an activating effect upon the tumor, by the MyD88 hyperactivation and secretion of IL-6 and TNF α , but exact mechanisms are not fully understood. In addition to TLRs, chemokines and their receptors have a great influence on the cancer development. It is shown that CCL2, CCL4, CCL17, CCL22 and CXCL12, which are secreted by cancer microenviroment, activate chemotaxis of tumor cells. It is also known that the chemokines activate CXCR4 and CCR7 (expressed by tumor cells) thus leading to metastasis. It is shown that there is an association between some gene polymorphisms of TLRs’, chemokines and their receptors, and development of cancer. Thus, we may conclude that the role of TLRs and chemokines is important in oncogenesis. Further study of innate immunity factors influencing tumorigenesis are important for finding new approaches to cancer therapy and new potential vaccines against cancer.
Incompressible Flow

This book is one in the series on Engineering Application of Fracture Mechanics. The book is a product of lectures prepared for a short course on Fracture Mechanics Methodology in Lisbon from June 1-June 4, 1981. While the main emphasis of the book is the application of fracture mechanics to aircraft structures, many of the principles are applicable to other flawed members. The treatment is essentially confined to linear-elastic fracture mechanics. The fracture mechanics methodology expounded in the first two chapters (constituting over one-half of the book) is based on the strain energy density approach. The remaining chapters deal with the conventional linear-elastic fracture mechanics approach based on a critical stress intensity factor. Each of the book's five chapters is written by a different author. In Chapter 1, R. Bodaliance treats the subject of fatiguelife predictions in metals and composites using the strain energy density approach. It is demonstrated that good agreement can be obtained between predicted and measured crack growth in metals under mixed-mode loading by integrating cycle by cycle the fatigue crack growth rate as a function of the range of the strain energy density factor deduced from constant amplitude Mode / tests. The fatigue life of composites is shown to correlate with a parameter based on the strain energy density modeling microcracks in the laminate matrix. Chapter 2 by G. C. Sih contains the fundamental hypotheses and the theoretical development of the strain energy density approach. A more logical progression for those unfamiliar with this approach would have this chapter as the first one. The relationship between the strain energy density factor and the stress intensity factors of the three crack tip modes of deformation is established for small scale yielding. With such a relation the critical value of the strain energy density factor can be obtained when the Mode / fracture toughness is known. Several examples of the application of the approach within the confines of linear-elastic fracture mechanics are given. The use of the strain energy density in
The pattern of cancer in Iraq: Three-year (2005-2007) Updated report

Background: Cancer is a major public health problem worldwide [1]. In 2007 cancer was the third leading cause of deaths in Iraq after cardiovascular diseases and accidents and the seventh leading cause of morbidity. The aim of this paper is to report the pattern of new cancer cases reported during 3 years period (2005-2007). Patients and methods: During a three-year period (2005-2007) 44611 Iraqi patients, with various types of newly diagnosed cancer were registered by the Iraqi Ministry of Health from all Iraqi provinces including the 3 Northern provinces (Sulaimanyia, Erbil, and Dohouk). 21538 patients were males (48.3 %) and 23073 patients were females (51.7%). Results: Breast was the most common site of cancer accounting for 18% of all cases of cancer. The histomorphological types seen among breast cancers were 5069 cases with histology of Infiltrating duct carcinoma accounting for 63% of all cases of breast cancer, which was found to be the most common type. This histopathology was followed in decreasing order by adenocarcinoma carcinoma in 257 cases accounting for 3% of all cases and infiltrating lobular carcinoma in 218 cases accounting 2. 7 % of all cases. Lungs and the bronchi were the second most common site of cancer accounting for 8.43%of all cases of cancer, and the first most common site in males. The three commonest histopathological types of lung cancer are squamous cell carcinoma accounting for 20% of the cases, adenocarcinoma accounting for 7% of the cases small cell carcinoma accounting for 4% of the cases. Leukemia was the third most common cancer in Iraq accounting for 7.54% of all cancers. Conclusion: The pattern of cancer in Iraq by primary tumor site is rather different from the pattern in other countries like USA, Nigeria and European countries. The histopathological cancer pattern of breast and cancers of the lung and bronchi which are the commonest cancer in Iraq differs from the previously reported patterns.
PPA_A_330842 2327..2334

1Department of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, People’s Republic of China; 2Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, People’s Republic of China; 3State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, People’s Republic of China
BUSHFIRE MONITORING FROM SPACE: AN AUSTRALIAN DISASTER

Fire can be recognized as an essential climatic variable (according to GCOS, 2011) [3]. Particularly disastrous in Australia during the Black Summer, authorities are trying to monitor the negative effects of the fire activity. A main indicator regarding the intensity of a fire is the Fire Radiative Power (FRP). In this paper, a prediction of the FRP value will be conducted, using a NASA dataset. Then an overview of the long term influence of this value will be done. Afterwards, in relation to the fire prevention, the correlation between the size of the fire and the FRP value will be studied. Finally a more precise analysis of the FRP value can be done using a sub-pixel-based calculation of the FRP value.
A Review on the Mechanism of Oxidative Stress-Induction in the Liver by Xenobiotics

A Review on the Mechanism of Oxidative Stress-Induction in the Liver by Xenobiotics Oxidative stress results from an imbalance between antioxidant and free radical oxidants, especially reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are highly reactive molecules that can be generated by endogenous and exogenous factors. Liver is the target organ for ROS generation because it mainly exposes to various substances in metabolism and biotransformation to result in ROS production. Thus, xenobiotic exposure is the most external factor which causes ROS formation. The understanding of oxidative stress mechanism is essential in order to support the notion that ROS relate with illnesses. Ethanol, sodium selenite, and tert -butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) are commonly used as oxidative stressors. The previous studies revealed the potentials of these compounds to induce oxidative stress both in vitro and in vivo . The oxidative stress-mechanism of ethanol, sodium selenite, and TBHP associate with metabolic processes in the liver. Ethanol is metabolized via alcohol dehydrogenase, cytochrome P450 2E1 ( CYP2E1) , and catalase to produce ROS and acetaldehyde. Superoxide anion is produced by the metabolism of sodium selenite via glutathione system while the metabolism of TBHP via CYP2E1 and glutathione peroxidase– glutathione reductase system generates peroxyl and alkoxyl including tert - butylalcohol. Furthermore, the prior studies suggested that TBHP was a strong oxidative stressor because of using the least concentration and time for induction of oxidative stress both in vitro and in vivo studies. Therefore, the knowledge of oxidative stress mechanism and specific properties of compounds for ROS generation are worth for development of an appropriate oxidative stress model for a study on the impact of an antioxidant to investigate its effect on the mechanism behind oxidative stress.
Sentiment Analysis of Product Attribute using Social Media

— In the digitized world today internet is tone of the main sources of the information. There are several e-commerce websites where people/customers discuss different aspects/issues of the product. All such website provides a platform for the consumers to discuss and provide their opinion about the product, its features and their services. These opinions and reviews of the consumers provide very rich information both for other users as well as firms. But the issue with this information is that the information is mostly unorganized and therefore it is difficult to create a knowledge base out of it. What we propose is a product facet ranking framework which automatically determines the important facets of the product from the online comments/reviews, aiming to improve the usability of the consumer reviews. The facets are identified by the following observations; 1) The important facets of a product are usually given by several consumers in the review. 2) The review/opinion of the consumer on important facet of the product influences the overall opinion or view of the consumer on the product. But identifying the most important facets will increase the usefulness of the innumerable reviews/opinions and is useful to both users and the firms itself. It is practically difficult for the people to manually identify the important facets of the products from the consumer reviews/opinions. Consumer can easily make purchasing decision by focusing more on the important features, while the firms can concentrate on improving the quality of the features or facets of the product.
Down-Regulation of Tomato (cid:1) -Galactosidase 4 Results in Decreased Fruit Softening 1

Transcript abundance of the gene encoding (cid:1) -galactosidase II, a (cid:1) -galactosidase/exo-galactanase (EC 3.2.1.23) present during tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum ) fruit ripening, was suppressed by expression of an antisense tomato (cid:1) -galactosidase 4 (TBG4) cDNA driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. RNA gel-blot analysis was used to evaluate TBG4 mRNA levels in transgenic fruit. All of the antisense lines had attenuated TBG4 mRNA levels in turning stage fruit; however, TBG4 mRNA suppression was unstable, and mRNA levels varied in red-ripe fruit among the lines. Suppression of TBG4 mRNA levels in antisense fruit was correlated with a reduction in extractable exo-galactanase activity against a lupin galactan. All of the antisense lines had reduced free galactose levels at mature green stage 4, but levels comparable with controls during ripening. Total cell wall galactosyl contents in the antisense fruit were not significantly different from control fruit. Whole-fruit firmness was measured using a texture analyzer and the means of the peak force measurements for four of six antisense lines were significantly higher than control fruit. One antisense line had red-ripe fruit that were 40% firmer than controls. Fruit from this antisense line also had the lowest TBG4 mRNA and exo-galactanase levels and the highest wall galactosyl content during the early stages of ripening, implicating an involvement of this gene product in cell wall modification leading to fruit softening. Lower Exo-Galactanase Activity Results in Transient Reduction in Free Gal, But Only Minor Changes in Total Cell Wall Galactosyl
To evaluate differences in mRNA expression of c-fms , EP 2 and EP 4 between large and small osteoclasts

Differences in mRNA expression of c-fms, EP2, and EP4 between large and small osteoclasts Divya Chandra, MSc. 2001, Paediatric Dentistry Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto Osteoclasts play a primary role in bone resorption. These cells are heterogeneous with respect to their size and resorptive ability. Since a greater proportion of large osteoclasts are resorbing compareâ to small osteoclasts in the same rabbit long bone cell cultures, we h ypothesized that di fferences in the expression of receptors for cytokines, such as Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (MCSF), or other osteoclast activating factors, such as prostaglandins, may account for these differences in resorptive activity. We decided to test this hypothesis by starting to evaluate differences in c-mis (MCSF receptor), EP2 and EP4 (prostaglandin receptors) mRNA expression between srnall and large osteoclasts, using in situ hybridization on isolated newborn rabbit osteoclasts. There was a significant di fference in c-mis mRNA expression, measured as mean grainshucleus, between large and small osteoclasts. Large osteoclasts fiom both endochondral and intramembranous bone had a greater mRNA level for c-mis than did small osteoclasts @<O.O 1). No labeling was detected with the EP2 and EP4 RNA probes. Assuming that differences in mRNA expression for c-fins between small and large osteoclasts fiom both endochondrai and intramembranous bone represent differences in the expression of the receptor protein, the results suggest that large and small osteoclasts could indeed be activated to a different degree by MCSF.
Effect of sleep deprivation on postural stability

Abbreviations: AP: anteroposterior axis; BMI: body mass index; CoP: of foot KSS: Karolinska sleepiness scale; ML: mediolateral axis; PVT: Psychomotor Vigilance RT: reaction Abstract Background: Maintaining postural control requires the continuous integration of different peripheral inputs that may be altered by sleepiness. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of 24 hours sleep deprivation on postural stability. Methods: healthy subjects underwent 24 hours supervised sleep deprivation after a week of stable sleep schedule. Stability was assessed using a posturographic platform allowing to determine the center of foot pressure (CoP) oscillations in mediolateral (ML) and anteroposterior (AP) axis and thereby total XY displacement, the surface area and the mean speed of CoP displacement. Measurements were performed in the morning before sleep deprivation and every two hours during the night. Vigilance and fatigue were evaluated at the same intervals using the Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT), and the Karolinska sleepiness scale (KSS). Results: 30 volunteers (7 men and 23 women, aged 22 ± 2 yo, BMI 18.5-25kg/m 2 ) were included in the study. When comparing pre-and post-sleep deprivation morning stability parameters, there was significant deterioration in the majority of the postural variables: CoP area (P<0.05), AP (P<0.01) and total displacement (P<0.05) as well as in some PVT’s variables: reaction time (P<0.001), lapses (P<0.05) and in subjective sleepiness (P<0.001). During the sleep deprivation night, there was a progressive and parallel deterioration of the stability and vigilance parameters that reached its maxima at 4 a.m., followed by a mild improvement at 6 a.m. Conclusions: Postural control is significantly altered by 24 hours sleep deprivation and seems to fluctuate in a similar pattern as vigilance and subjective sleepiness.
Evolution and Dispersal of Protoplanetary Disks

Multiwavelength studies of evolved protoplanetary disks around solar‐type and low‐mass stars reveal a general trend of changes in the IR excesses, accretion rates, and silicate features, suggesting grain growth/settling, photoevaporation, and maybe the formation of planetesimals and planets. Nevertheless, within the average‐behavior picture of disk evolution, we observe strong variations between individuals, that may be related to different initial conditions, different environments, and the presence of companions.
The Influence of the “ Stutter-Step ” on the Penalty Taker-Goalkeeper Dynamics in Association Football

Penalty kicks has been investigated by unrepresentative designs (i.e., video analysis and computer simulations) with goalkeepers decisional behavior associated to abilities of predict ball direction. Grounded by a representative and ecological dynamic approach this research aimed to investigate the effects of the stutter-step misleading skill on the penalty taker-goalkeeper system. Five penalty takers and two goalkeepers U20 of Brazilian first division performed twenty-two penalties in-situ and under official rules. Through two conditions for penalty takers (i.e., free and stutter-step) players’ motion was captured and digitized. The space-time coordination revealed a coupling attractor of 30o of phase in free condition and a more unstable pattern in the stutter-step condition (i.e., 30o, 60 o and 90o of phase). Goalkeepers were attuned to a fast-increase-followedby-decrease pattern on the approaching speed of penalty takers, however run-up may be a nonspecified variable to goalie decision. It was identified that players prospectively controlled their actions by exchanging information and that both players must to act in order to unfold events that specifies successful decision making. It is concluded that the last second before foot-to-ball contact is critical to perturbations and pickup of relevant information, and also that goalkeepers are vulnerable to the effects of the stutter-step.