Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sodium‐Calcium exchange: A possible target for drug development

The Na+‐Ca2+ exchange system is a carrier‐mediated transport process which couples the transmembrane movement of Ca2+ ions to the movement of Na+ ions in the opposite direction. It functions primarily as a Ca2+ extrusion process in cardiac cells and is thought to be an important mechanism for altering myocardial contractility through changes in intracellular [Na+]. We khave investigated the properties of the cardiac Na+‐Ca2+ exchange system using a subcellular preparation of membrane vesicles derived from the cardiac sarcolemma. Vesicle studies have been useful in investigating the kinetics of Na+‐Ca2+ exchange activity and in establishin the stoichiometry of the exchange process as 3 Na+ per Ca2+. The kinetec results are most easily interpreted in terms of a model for the Na+‐Ca2+ exchange carrier which features two types of cation binding sites: a divalent site for which Ca2+ and 1‐2 Na+ ions compete and a second, monovalent site which binds the third Na+ involved in Na+‐Ca2+ exchange. Na+‐Ca2+ exchange activity in vesicles is stimulated by a variety of agents or treatments, including limited proteolysis, phospholipase treatment, redox reagents, anionic amphiphiles, and intravesicular Ca2+, all of which lower the apparent Km for Ca2+. The physiological significance of these modes of regulation of exchange activity is at present uncertain. Progress in identifying and purifying the exchange carrier has been hampered by the lack of specific high‐affinity probes that could be used in labelling studies. Indirect estimates of the number of exchange carriers in sarcolemmal vesicles suggest that there are 10‐20 pmol of exchanger per mg of membrane protein and that the exchange system has a maximal turnover of approximately 103 sec−1. Studies are under way in several laboratories to clone a cDNA for the exchange carrier using oocytes of Xenopus laevis as an expression system.
Detection of Adsorbed Water and Hydroxyl on the Moon

Lunar Water The Moon has been thought to be primarily anhydrous, although there has been some evidence for accumulated ice in permanently shadowed craters near its poles (see the Perspective by Lucey, published online 24 September). By analyzing recent infrared mapping by Chandrayaan-1 and Deep Impact, and reexamining Cassini data obtained during its early flyby of the Moon, Pieters et al. (p. 568, published online 24 September), Sunshine et al. (p. 565, published online 24 September), and Clark et al. (p. 562, published online 24 September) reveal a noticeable absorption signal for H2O and OH across much of the surface. Some variability in water abundance is seen over the course of the lunar day. The data imply that solar wind is depositing and/or somehow forming water and OH in minerals near the lunar surface, and that this trapped water is dynamic. Space-based spectroscopic measurements provide evidence for water or hydroxyl (OH) on the surface of the Moon. Data from the Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) on Cassini during its flyby of the Moon in 1999 show a broad absorption at 3 micrometers due to adsorbed water and near 2.8 micrometers attributed to hydroxyl in the sunlit surface on the Moon. The amounts of water indicated in the spectra depend on the type of mixing and the grain sizes in the rocks and soils but could be 10 to 1000 parts per million and locally higher. Water in the polar regions may be water that has migrated to the colder environments there. Trace hydroxyl is observed in the anorthositic highlands at lower latitudes.
Stochastic Resonance When Uncertainty Meets Dynamics

of how such fluctuations interact with electromechanical timescales such as inter-area low-frequency oscillation periods that are in the order of seconds [1], and what the effect is of such interactions on the dynamics and stability of power systems. This becomes a fundamental challenge in assessing and optimizing power system operations under uncertainties to ensure reliability, resilience, and security of the critical electric infrastructure. At Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, we are tackling this challenge by combining our unique power system domain expertise and computational mathematics capabilities. The so-called Probability Density Function (PDF) method is a tool for analyzing the one-point PDF, i.e., the probability of being at a certain configuration at a certain time, of the state of general dynamical systems driven by autocorrelated noises [2]. We have successfully adapted and applied the PDF method to the stochastic differential equations governing power system dynamics. Such PDFbased analysis reveals that power generation fluctuations with a specific correlation time magnify the amplitude of the fluctuations around certain operating conditions [3]. Furthermore, this analysis shows that the resonance correlation time is related to the electromechanical timescales of the power system [4]. This “stochastic resonance” phenomenon illustrates the importance of quantifying and accounting for the effect of the correlation time of stochastic drivers on dynamical systems. This is a foundational discovery for large-scale power system uncertainty assessment. It offers a whole new insight in how to assess and mitigate the impact of uncertainties on power systems and potentially help to answer fundamental questions such as how much renewable energy a power system can David Barajas-Solano is a mathematician in the Computational Mathematics Group within the Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. His email address is David. Barajas-Solano@pnnl.gov.
Evaluación y eficacia del branded content: un estudio empírico

This paper focuses on a piece of research between branded content -the advertising format that refers to the creation of content by the brand-, and according to Infoadex, the leading or number one advertiser in terms of advertising investment in Spain, the El Corte Ingles group. The sample is a group of 361 individuals and the format or medium of communication of branded content to be analysed is the Internet. The aim is to gain a better understanding of the efficiency and use/usefulness of this format, one of the most significant within the panorama of advertising initiatives that go beyond conventional advertising, as well as to analyse the profitability and relevance of this form of branded content for the advertiser.
The International Archives of the Photogrammetry , Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences

Little research has been performed to determine the quantitative effects of the geometric imprecision of scanned photographs in a photogrammetric production setting. While photogrammetric scanners are most commonly used to scan aerial photographs, desktop and graphic design scanners have also been applied. It is recognized that the precision of non-photogrammetric scanners is highly variable and their errors larger than those of photogrammetric units, but these values have seldom been quantified. In addition, the practical effect of these errors upon the photogrammetric solution has not received much study. A precision calibration plate was repeatedly scanned on photogrammetric and non-photogrammetric scanners to determine the variability and magnitude of errors. These errors were plotted spatially to illustrate the inherent instability of non-photogrammetric scanners. These models of scan accuracy were then used to determine the effects of the random scan errors in a photogrammetric production environment. While appropriate for qualitative uses, ultimately it was observed that the characteristic unpredictability of the errors rendered this imagery unsuitable for quantitative applications. During the investigation a significant degree of consistency was observed in the non-photogrammetric scanners, i.e. the errors, though large, included a systematic component that did not vary through time and changing conditions. Therefore a small block was scanned in such a scanner and the imagery re-sampled using the calibration parameters. The results were compared with those obtained from the same block scanned in a photogrammetric scanner.
Impacts du changement climatique sur le potentiel éolien en France: une étude de régionalisation

Cette these se propose d'etudier les impacts des changements climatiques sur les vents de surface en France et d'en tirer des conclusions sur le potentiel eolien. Du fait de leur faible resolution spatiale, les modeles climatiques ne peuvent pas reproduire correctement la variabilite spatiale des vents de surface en France. Deux methodes de desagregation ont donc ete developpees afin de regionaliser un ensemble de scenarios climatiques: une methode statistique basee sur une analyse en types de temps et une methode statistico-dynamique utilisant des simulations meso-echelles a haute resolution. A l'horizon 2050, des changements significatifs mais relativement faibles apparaissent avec notamment une diminution de la vitesse du vent dans le sud et une augmentation dans le nord. L'utilisation d'autres methodes de desagregation permet d'etudier differentes sources d'incertitudes : il apparait que l'essentiel de l'incertitude est du aux modeles climatiques.
Tourism and development in the Third World

What is the thruth behind the paradise beaches in travel brocures? What can a developing country do when one exotic holiday seems much like another, when political instability or environmental disaster can deter tourist for years, when the tourism industry slips into foreign control? Tourism and Development in the Third World assess the diverse social, economic, and environmental factors which impact on the Third World. Illustrating the analysis with cases which range across tourism in game parks, sex tours and the after-efects of political turmoil, the book explores ways of managing tourism as a resource and evaluates its long-term contribution towards national development.
USE OF CRUSHED GRANITE FINE AS REPLACEMENT TO RIVER SAND IN CONCRETE PRODUCTION

The suitability of Crushed granite fine (CGF) to replace river sand in concrete production for use in rigid pavement was investigated. Slump, compressive and indirect tensile strength tests were performed on fresh and hardened concrete.28 days Peak compressive and indirect tensile strength values of 40.70N/mm 2 and 2.30N/mm 2 respectively was obtained, with the partial replacement of river sand with 20% CGF, as against values of 35.00N/mm 2 and 1.75N/mm 2 , obtained with the use of river sand as fine aggregate. Based on economic analysis and results of tests, river sand replaced with 20% CGF is recommended for use in the production of concrete for use in rigid pavement. Conservation of river sand in addition to better ways of disposing wastes from the quarry sites are some of the merits of using CGF.
Approaches for prediction of the implantation potential of human embryos

Optimization of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) has become the main goal of contemporary reproductive medicine. The main aspiration of scientists working in the field is to use less intervention to achieve more, and, if possible, in a more cost-effective way. A number of directions have been under development, namely – various stimulation protocols, ART with no stimulation whatever, all aiming at a single goal – the chase for Moby Dick, or the perfect embryo. Comprehensive embryo selection resulting in reducing the number of transferred embryos is one of the main directions for optimization of the ART procedures. Both clinical and laboratory procedures are being constantly improved, and today there is a significant number of clinics that report success rates of 30% and even higher. Based on results achieved, and analyzing data from millions of ART procedures, researchers from different centers are seeking to develop prognostic models in order to further improve success rates. One of the greatest challenges remains the reduction of the incidence of multifetal pregnancy, and that can be achieved only through reducing the number of embryos per transfer and a rise in single embryo transfer (SET) numbers. This, however, depends on reliable methods for preliminary embryo selection, employing a growing number of morphological, biochemical, genetic and other characteristics of the embryo. A primary concern in developing prognostic models for in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcome is selecting the prognostic parameters to be included. A number of publications define the main criteria that have an impact on fertilization outcome on the side of the embryo, and for the ultimate outcome of the ART procedure – on the side of the maternal organism as a whole. In this review, some of the most important parameters are discussed, with particular focus on their application for development of IVF prognostic models.
Free-space quantum key distribution by rotation-invariant twisted photons.

"Twisted photons" are photons carrying a well-defined nonzero value of orbital angular momentum (OAM). The associated optical wave exhibits a helical shape of the wavefront (hence the name) and an optical vortex at the beam axis. The OAM of light is attracting a growing interest for its potential in photonic applications ranging from particle manipulation, microscopy, and nanotechnologies to fundamental tests of quantum mechanics, classical data multiplexing, and quantum communication. Hitherto, however, all results obtained with optical OAM were limited to laboratory scale. Here, we report the experimental demonstration of a link for free-space quantum communication with OAM operating over a distance of 210 m. Our method exploits OAM in combination with optical polarization to encode the information in rotation-invariant photonic states, so as to guarantee full independence of the communication from the local reference frames of the transmitting and receiving units. In particular, we implement quantum key distribution, a protocol exploiting the features of quantum mechanics to guarantee unconditional security in cryptographic communication, demonstrating error-rate performances that are fully compatible with real-world application requirements. Our results extend previous achievements of OAM-based quantum communication by over 2 orders of magnitude in the link scale, providing an important step forward in achieving the vision of a worldwide quantum network.
Intrusion Detection System: A Review

: Intrusion Detection System which is also known as IDS has been reviewed with its pros and cons. The demand of different smart devices such as laptops, smart phones are increasing to gain network connectivity vastly. Therefore numerous companies have begun to work on means in order to accomplish this task. There are several researchers in past in which different IDS model and their working has been discussed. But these researches have their own limitations. This paper discusses different types of IDS technologies such as Network Based IDS, Wireless IDS, Network Behavior Anomaly Detection, Host Based IDS etc. More over need of IDS and issues faced during its use has been explained in this review paper.
ExoMars Panoramic Camera 3D Vision: Expected Quality of Rover Surroundings Description

Paar, G. , Oberst, J., Barnes, D.P., Griffiths, A.D., Jaumann, R. , Coates, A.J., Muller, J.-P., Gao, Y. , Li, R. ExoMars Panoramic Camera 3D Vision: Expected Quality of Rover Surroundings Description, Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 10, SRef-ID: 1607-7962/gra/EGU2008-A-07337, European Geosciences Union, Vienna, Austria, 13-18 April (2008).
Phylogenetic placement of Tritirachium strains from the URM culture collection originally founded by Augusto Chaves Batista (1916-1967) in Brazil, and the description of T. batistae sp. nov.

Diagramação e XML SciELO Publishing Schema: www.editoraletra1. com.br 295 Acta Botanica Brasilica 34(2): 290-300. April-June 2020 to T. roseum and T. candoliense (Fig. 3). To perform the BI analysis, the nucleotide models GTR+I+G, GTR+G, and SYM+G, were used for ITS, LSU, and rpb2, respectively. The nucleotide model GTR+I+G was defined as the best model in the ML analysis. Based on the morphological features and the results of phylogenetic analyses, a new species is introduced in this study to accommodate the strain URM 38 = FCCUFG 01.
Phylogenetic placement of Tritirachium strains from the URM culture collection originally founded by Augusto Chaves Batista (1916–1967) in Brazil, and the description of T. batistae sp. nov.

Twenty-seven Tritirachium strains were present in the URM culture collection originally founded in Brazil by Augusto Chaves Batista. Fifteen freshly-prepared cultures were obtained from these original strains preserved under mineral oil. DNA was extracted for analysing phylogenetic relationships using the sequence information available from Tritirachium type materials and reference strains. Phylogenetic analysis using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) ribosomal DNA sequences revealed that eight of these strains belong to the same clade as of T. oryzae and that the four other strains belong to the same clade as of T. candoliense . The strain URM 38, which was previously identified as “ T. brumptii ”, appeared to exist as a single lineage, related to T. roseum and T. candoliense . Based on morphological features and multi-locus phylogenetic analysis, including the analyses of ITS and LSU rDNA, and rpb2 sequences, we propose that URM 38 belongs to the new species T. batistae . This novel species exhibited velutinous to cottony colonies of varying colour, septate hyphae without clamp connections, conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells, conidiogenous cells with a distinct sympodial rachis, and single-cell conidia that was globose to subglobose, obovoid, smooth, and hyaline. The morphological features of species accepted in Tritirachium are included in this study.
2016 American Thyroid Association Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Hyperthyroidism and Other Causes of Thyrotoxicosis.

BACKGROUND Thyrotoxicosis has multiple etiologies, manifestations, and potential therapies. Appropriate treatment requires an accurate diagnosis and is influenced by coexisting medical conditions and patient preference. This document describes evidence-based clinical guidelines for the management of thyrotoxicosis that would be useful to generalist and subspecialty physicians and others providing care for patients with this condition. METHODS The American Thyroid Association (ATA) previously cosponsored guidelines for the management of thyrotoxicosis that were published in 2011. Considerable new literature has been published since then, and the ATA felt updated evidence-based guidelines were needed. The association assembled a task force of expert clinicians who authored this report. They examined relevant literature using a systematic PubMed search supplemented with additional published materials. An evidence-based medicine approach that incorporated the knowledge and experience of the panel was used to update the 2011 text and recommendations. The strength of the recommendations and the quality of evidence supporting them were rated according to the approach recommended by the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation Group. RESULTS Clinical topics addressed include the initial evaluation and management of thyrotoxicosis; management of Graves' hyperthyroidism using radioactive iodine, antithyroid drugs, or surgery; management of toxic multinodular goiter or toxic adenoma using radioactive iodine or surgery; Graves' disease in children, adolescents, or pregnant patients; subclinical hyperthyroidism; hyperthyroidism in patients with Graves' orbitopathy; and management of other miscellaneous causes of thyrotoxicosis. New paradigms since publication of the 2011 guidelines are presented for the evaluation of the etiology of thyrotoxicosis, the management of Graves' hyperthyroidism with antithyroid drugs, the management of pregnant hyperthyroid patients, and the preparation of patients for thyroid surgery. The sections on less common causes of thyrotoxicosis have been expanded. CONCLUSIONS One hundred twenty-four evidence-based recommendations were developed to aid in the care of patients with thyrotoxicosis and to share what the task force believes is current, rational, and optimal medical practice.
Optimal liberation of ore minerals for ore beneficiation

Ore minerals are normally complexly interlocked with adjacent gangue and/or ore minerals in most ores. Optimal liberation of ore minerals is essential for low-grade ores, so that maximal profits can be made by marketing such beneficiated ores by removing gangues after crushing these ores. Cost minimization for liberation is useful to achieve maximum profit for beneficiated ores through recovering as much ore minerals (in weight fraction) as feasible using statistical size distributions of ore minerals and gangue minerals, separately. Ore and gangue minerals are usually having log-normal size distributions, in 3D space, on weight frequency basis which have different (size) means and (size) variances as well as different weight proportions (fractions) in the ores. However, since the price of marketable ores is often several times (or several tens/hundreds of times) that of the crushing cost for liberation, optimal crushing size is calculable from the actual size distributions of ore and gangue minerals in the ore. But, the measured sizes (circle radii or semi-intercepts) in 2D on thin/polished sections are not the true size distributions of ore and gangue minerals on weight basis in 3D space, and thus probabilistic corrections as proposed by author[1–3] and transformation of corrected number frequency moments to equivalent 3D sphere size moments on weight frequency basis[1–3] are essential to compute the true optimal libration size (on weight basis) for crushing the ores for ore beneficiation purposes.
Speed and Speed-Related Crashes in Western Australia, 1989-1997

Speed is one of the major factors involved in the crash process. The objective of this report was to examine evidence on the role of speed in the crash process, to identify trends in speed-related crashes in Western Australia and to identify road users and crash types with particular involvement in speed-related crashes. These findings were related to surveys of self-reported driver behaviour and attitudes with regard to speed and speeding. The crash data results revealed speed-related crashes occurred in the Perth metropolitan area, at night on Friday, Saturday and Sunday, and were predominantly single vehicle car crashes, although a substantial proportion also involved other cars. Motorcycles were another high risk group. Young drivers were over-involved in speed-related crashes, as were males, and drivers with an illegal BAC. The survey results were consistent with the crash data and showed that speeding was a common behaviour. (a)