Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pedestrian Crash Types: A 1990's Informational Guide

This pedestrian crash type informational guide is a supplement to a research report entitled, "Pedestrian and Bicycle Crash Types of the Early 1990's" (FHWA-RD-95-163). The purpose of the research was to apply the basic National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) pedestrian and bicyclist typologies to a sample of recent crashes and to refine and update the crash type distributions with particular attention to roadway and locational factors. Five thousand pedestrian- and 3,000 bicycle-motor vehicle crashes were coded in a population-based sample drawn from the States of California, Florida, Maryland, Minnesota, North Carolina, and Utah. The pedestrian-motor vehicle crash types distributed as: Special circumstances - 2.6%, Vehicle specific - 9.1%, Disabled/Emergency vehicle-related - 2.4%, Working/Playing in roadway - 3.0%, Walking along road/Crossing expressway - 7.9%, Not in road - 8.6%, Intersection-related - 32.1%, Midblock - 26.4%, and Other or inadequate information - 7.8%. This particular informational guide provides detail on specific pedestrian-motor vehicle crash types (e.g., intersection dash) through two-page layouts that contain a sketch, description, and summary of the crash type, various graphs, and "bullet" information boxes. A similar informational guide (FHWA-RD-96-104) is available for bicycle-motor vehicle crashes.
$DBO$ Trajectory Planning and $HAHP$ Decision-Making for Autonomous Vehicle Driving on Urban Environment

A novel <italic>driving behaviour oriented</italic> (<italic>DBO</italic>) <italic>trajectory planner</italic> and <italic>hierarchical analytic hierarchy process</italic> (<italic>HAHP</italic>) <italic>decision maker</italic> are presented for intelligent vehicle. Since driving on structural road should satisfy actuator constraints and improve comfortableness as soon as possible, which strictly obeys traffic rules other than making traffic mess, it is rather than purely pursuing the shortest route/time. By analysis traffic rules, the <italic>DBO</italic> framework is employed to produce trajectories. To make trajectory drivable, cubic B-spline and clothoid curve are modeled to keep continuous curvature, and cubic polynomial curve is to schedule velocity profile satisfying stability and comfort. To pick out the best trajectory, <italic>HAHP decision maker</italic> is developed to evaluate the candidates. The first layer selects optimal paths considering smoothness and economy, and the second layer selects best trajectory taking smoothness, comfortableness and economy in account. Moreover, <italic>DBO rapidly exploring random tree</italic> (<italic>RRT</italic>) <italic>replanner</italic> is embedded to ensure algorithm completeness. Finally, several typical scenarios are designed to verify the real-time and reliability of the algorithm. The results illustrate that the algorithm has highly real-time and stability evaluated by <italic>Statistical Process Control method</italic> as the probability for the peak time less than 0.1s is 100% except three obstacles avoidance scenario is 59.31% in 1000 cycles. Since the planned trajectory is smooth enough and satisfy the constraints of the actuator, the mean lateral tracking error is less than 0.2m with 0.5m peak error, and the mean speed error less than 0.5km/h with 1.5km/h peak error for all scenarios.
A New Pedagogy for Training the Pre-service Mathematics Teachers Readiness in Teaching Integrated STEM Education

The development of any country in the world depends largely on its escalating focus on integrated science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (iSTEM). Over the years in Nigeria, there are calls for action to integrate STEM disciplines as the pre-service teachers are only receiving training in the separate field of STEM. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the iSTEM course as a new pedagogy for training the pre-service mathematics teachers’ readiness in teaching the iSTEM disciplines in Sokoto State, Nigeria. The study utilised one group quasi-experimental research design. Purposive sampling was used in choosing all the 54 pre-service mathematics teachers in their 300-level undergoing a teacher training programme in Sokoto State University, Nigeria. The participants underwent a 5-week iSTEM course organised by the researchers that focused on the five levels of integration that include: Single, Combine, Multiple, Engineering Projects, and Fully Integrated STEM disciplines. Data was collected through the iSTEM pre- and post-survey Questionnaire (iSTEM-SQ) and analysed using descriptive statistics. The bar graph and non-parametric Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test were also used in describing the effectiveness of the pre- and post-survey test. The findings indicated that the iSTEM course was effective in preparing and empowering the pre-service mathematics teachers’ pedagogical strategy for teaching integrated STEM in their future classroom instruction. The paper also recommends for incorporation of the iSTEM approach in the curriculum of pre-service mathematics teachers at the various institutions of learning in Nigeria.
Mapping trends in educational-leadership research: A longitudinal examination of knowledge production, approaches and locations

The field of educational-leadership research has broadened over the last 50 years, with diverse knowledge-production traditions (e.g. functionalist and critical); audiences (e.g. practitioners, researchers and policymakers) and preferred sites of publication. In this article, we trace how the objectives, methods, claims and relative significance of educational-leadership research, and the identities and epistemological assumptions of educational-leadership researchers, are changing over time. We systematically and manually analysed trends in educational-leadership research through keyword searches across all journal publication sites over 50 years, exploring researchers’ contributions, epistemological positioning and journal choices. We also explored the balance between empirical and conceptual scholarship, geographical location and use of theory. We found that critical educational-leadership research is common across the international field but is more likely to be published in high-ranking generalist education journals or lower-ranking educational-leadership-focused journals. Our research contributes a novel, robust and, significantly, relatively wide-ranging empirical basis to identify key trends, gaps and silences within the field of educational-leadership research over time. Our research enables better understanding of the areas that are potentially under-researched and the ways the field might be creating and reproducing power dynamics in research.
Groupoids

This paper gives some new results for the theory of quantum groupoids. First, the authors recall the relevant notions and results of the theory of Li-Rinehart algebras and bialgebras. Then, they introduce some basics of the theory of bialgebroids. The examples of the universal enveloping agebras and jet spaces for Lie-Rinehart algebras are explicitly described. The quantum groupoids are then introduced. A suitable version of a quantum duality principle for quantum groupoids is also obtained. This version generalizes what is known for quantum groups.
Analysis of bonded anchor in combined concrete-bond failure mode

The analysis described in this paper is focused on problems of bond quality and the combined concrete-bond failure of anchor loaded by tension force. Separated failure of concrete or glue is possible only for theoretically ideally smooth contact surface between these two materials. With respect to the materials characteristics and anchor installation procedure this situation is not possible. In real, both materials are mixed in the contact surface. The relative difference between the strength characteristics of materials is the main parameter influencing the final failure mode. The evaluation of experimental and numerical results confirmed previous hypothesis concerning the assumption of separated failure of one material (excluding steel failure) in anchor joint unsafely inaccurate, in many cases.
Effect of Late Pregnancy, Parturition and Early Lactation on T3, T4and Cortisol Level of Heifers and Cows

The present study was carried out in the Al-Dujalah Cows Station which is located in Wasit governorate, Iraq. From 305 crossbred cows (Holstein x Friesian breeds), thirty six heifers (2.5-3.5) years old and thirty six multiparous cows (5-7) years old at different physiological conditions. The heifers and cows were divided into six equal groups depending on their physiological conditions as follows, group 1: Non-pregnant heifers (control), group 2: (Heifers in 7th month of pregnancy), group 3: (Heifers in 8th month of pregnancy), group 4: (Heifers in 9th month of pregnancy), group 5: (Heifers at 1-4 hours of parturition), group 6: (Heifers infirst month of lactation). The multiparous cows were divided as that of heifers.The blood samples (5ml) were collected from Jugular vein at 2 weeks interval during pregnancy, at parturition (1-4 hours after parturition) and first month of lactation and deposited into plastic tube without anticoagulant to obtaining the serum samples for hormonal analysis.The study revealed the following results: A significant increase (p≤0.05) in serum (T4) level wasrecorded in last month of pregnancy in both heifers and cows compared with control and other studied groups and a significant decrease in T3 level was observed in 7th month of pregnancy, at parturition and first month of lactation in cows while there was a sA significant increase (p≤0.05) in serum cortisol level was recorded in first month lactating animals compared with control and other studied groups and a significant decrease in T3 level was observed in 7th.
National Guidelines for Digital Modelling

These National Guidelines and Case Studies for Digital Modelling are the outcomes from one of a number of Building Information Modelling (BIM)-related projects undertaken by the CRC for Construction Innovation. Since the CRC opened its doors in 2001, the industry has seen a rapid increase in interest in BIM, and widening adoption. These guidelines and case studies are thus very timely, as the industry moves to model-based working and starts to share models in a new context called integrated practice. Governments, both federal and state, and in New Zealand are starting to outline the role they might take, so that in contrast to the adoption of 2D CAD in the early 90s, we ensure that a national, industry-wide benefit results from this new paradigm of working. Section 1 of the guidelines give us an overview of BIM: how it affects our current mode of working, what we need to do to move to fully collaborative model-based facility development. The role of open standards such as IFC is described as a mechanism to support new processes, and make the extensive design and construction information available to asset operators and managers. Digital collaboration modes, types of models, levels of detail, object properties and model management complete this section. It will be relevant for owners, managers and project leaders as well as direct users of BIM. Section 2 provides recommendations and guides for key areas of model creation and development, and the move to simulation and performance measurement. These are the more practical parts of the guidelines developed for design professionals, BIM managers, technical staff and ‘in the field’ workers. The guidelines are supported by six case studies including a summary of lessons learnt about implementing BIM in Australian building projects. A key aspect of these publications is the identification of a number of important industry actions: the need for BIM-compatible product information and a national context for classifying product data; the need for an industry agreement and setting process-for-process definition; and finally, the need to ensure a national standard for sharing data between all of the participants in the facility-development process.
Making Software Teams Effective: How Agile Practices lead to Project Effectiveness through Socio-Psychological Mechanisms

This study uses an organizational psychology lens to gain a fundamental understanding of how Agile Practices positively influence socio-psychological mechanisms that lead to a successful project. The theoretical framework of this study is based on a causal model of teamwork derived from innovation research with the major constructs of coordination capability and knowledge growth. We will investigate the impact of Agile Practices on these constructs through well-researched teamwork variables such as goal commitment and social support, and by the new constructs adaptivity and open communication. We will then determine the impact of these constructs on project performance. In addition, we will analyze the moderating effect of team autonomy on the relationship between coordination capability and project performance. The quantitative field study will be conducted in Nov 2008 and targets a sample size of 60 agile projects.
Power Losses of Silicon Carbide MOSFET in HVDC Application

Silicon carbide devices have advantages of higher blocking voltage, lower conduction loss, and lower low junction operating temperature compared to silicon-based devices. There’s a need for more efficiency, economic and environmental friendly semiconductor devices for voltage source converter based high voltage direct current electric power transmission system application. This thesis compares a high power and high frequency operation of the SiC MOSFET with a conventional silicon IGBT module with similar power ratings in HVDC applications. An overview of the silicon carbide technology, power electronics and converter topology are also included. Two circuits were designed to compare the switching losses of SiC MOSFET with Si IGBT. The commercial SiC MOSFET QJD1210007 (1200V/100A) and Si IGBT CM100TF-24H (1200V/100A) were used in this study. PSCAD and Matlab/Simulink models of the devices were used to analyze the power losses. The models used in simulations are a preliminary evaluation of the device performance. The following studies were carried out: (i) A comparison between PSCAD and Matlab/Simulink simulation results for a push-pull converter, (ii) Switching power loss calculations via Matlab and accurate conduction loss estimation, (iii) and finally an experimental circuit was built to gather physical measurements to compare with the simulation results. The SiC MOSFET analytical was verified by comparing simulation with experimental switching waveforms. Based upon the experimental and analytical results, silicon carbide semiconductor devices have advantages over silicon IGBT and may replace them for HVDC applications. This thesis focuses on the simulation and physical circuit analysis.
ICU: Septischer Schock zeigt hohe Mortalitätsrate

Obgleich sich die intensivmedizinische Versorgung in den Industriestaaten zuletzt stetig verbessert hat, versterben immer noch zahlreiche Intensivpatienten am septischen Schock und den Komplikationen einer Sepsis. Vincent und Team wollten wissen, wie es aktuell um Häufigkeit und Mortalität des septischen Schocks in Europa und Nordamerika steht, und haben jetzt eine entsprechende Übersichtsarbeit einschließlich Metaanalyse vorgelegt.
A survey of Various Research issues in WiMAX

The full form of WiMax is Worldwide interoperability for Microwave Access. This is a communication technology that has a data transmission using various transmission modes from transportable and totally mobile internet access to point to multi-point links. This technology can provide up to 72 Mbit/s stellate broadband speed while there is no requirement for cables. This technology is predicated on IEEE802.16 standard. WiMAX offers broadband wireless access (BWA) up to 50 km for mounted stations, and 5 to 15km for mobile stations. In distinction, the WiFi/802.11 WLAN standard is proscribed in most cases to solely a 100 to 300 feets that is 30 to 100m.The main aim of my paper is to review the recent research work conducted on the WiMAX by various researchers.
Handbook of Nanoscale Optics and Electronics

With the increasing demand for smaller, faster, and more highly integrated optical and electronic devices, as well as extremely sensitive detectors for biomedical and environmental applications, a field called nano-optics or nano-photonics/electronics is emerging - studying the many promising optical properties of nanostructures. Like nanotechnology itself, it is a rapidly evolving and changing field - but because of strong research activity in optical communication and related devices, combined with the intensive work on nanotechnology, nano-optics is shaping up fast to be a field with a promising future. This book serves as a one-stop review of modern nano-optical/photonic and nano-electronic techniques, applications, and developments. It provides overview of the field of Nano-optics/photonics and electronics, detailing practical examples of photonic technology in a wide range of applications. It discusses photonic systems and devices with mathematical rigor precise enough for design purposes. This is a one-stop review of modern nano-optical/photonic and nano-electronic techniques, applications, and developments.
MicroRNAs in the response of non-heading Chinese cabbage to Hyaloperonospora parasitica (downy mildew) infection

Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a subset of endogenous small non-coding ~21 nucleotide RNAs, which are playing important roles in development, abiotic stress, and pathogen responses. Downy mildew, caused by Hyaloperonospora parasitica , is a severe fungal disease in non-heading Chinese cabbage ( Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis ). However, miRNAs and their targets involved in the response of non-heading Chinese cabbage to downy mildew were still unclear. Results Here, fifteen small RNA libraries were generated from non-heading Chinese cabbage leaves at different time points after H. parasitica inoculation. By deep sequencing, we identified 197 known miRNAs and 112 novel miRNAs. According to data analysis, 8 known miRNAs and 8 novel miRNAs were found to be responsive to downy mildew infection in non-heading Chinese cabbage. Expression levels of 12 predicted miRNAs target genes were determined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). In this study, we proposed a regulatory network showing that non-heading Chinese cabbage defense response to downy mildew by repressing cell wall pectin, lipid and cellulose catabolic process ( PME12 , PME17 , PLAIVA and GDPDL4 ) and callose deposition ( CYP79B2 ), repressing indole glucosinolate metabolic process ( CYP81F3 ), repressing respiratory burst ( PUB24 ), repressing programmed cell death ( CRK5 ), and inducing defense related gene expression ( ROS1 , LECRK-VII.2 , BAK7 and WRKY48 ). Conclusions This research identified miRNAs associated with downy mildew infection in non-heading Chinese cabbage. Target genes and network analysis contributed to understanding the interaction between plant and pathogen.
Analysis of Malware and Domain Name System Traffic

Malicious domains host Command and Control servers that are used to instruct infected machines to perpetuate malicious activities such as sending spam, stealing credentials, and launching denial of service attacks. Both static and dynamic analysis of malware as well as monitoring Domain Name System (DNS) traffic provide valuable insight into such malicious activities and help security experts detect and protect against many cyber attacks. Advanced crimeware toolkits were responsible for many recent cyber attacks. In order to understand the inner workings of such toolkits, we present a detailed reverse engineering analysis of the Zeus crimeware toolkit to unveil its underlying architecture and enable its mitigation. Our analysis allows us to provide a breakdown for the structure of the Zeus botnet network messages. In the second part of this work, we develop a framework for analyzing dynamic analysis reports of malware samples. This framework can be used to extract valuable cyber intelligence from the analyzed malware. The obtained intelligence helps reveal more insight into different cyber attacks and uncovers abused domains as well as malicious infrastructure networks. Based on this framework, we develop a severity ranking system for domain names. The system leverages the interaction between domain names and malware samples to extract indicators for malicious behaviors or abuse actions. The system utilizes these behavioral features on a daily basis to produce severity or abuse scores for domain names. Since our system assigns maliciousness scores that describe the level of abuse for each analyzed domain name, it can be considered as a complementary component to existing (binary) reputation systems, which produce long lists with no priorities. We also developed a severity system for name servers based on passive DNS traffic. The system leverages the domain names that reside under the authority of name servers to extract indicators for malicious behaviors or abuse actions. It also utilizes these behavioral features on a daily basis to dynamically produce severity or abuse scores for name servers. Finally, we present a system to characterize and detect the payload distribution channels within passive DNS traffic. Our system observes the DNS zone activities of access counts of each resource record type and determines payload distribution channels. Our experiments on near real-time passive DNS traffic demonstrate that our system can detect several resilient malicious payload distribution channels.
Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa and the Origins of the Euro

Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa was one of the great architects of the euro. He is remembered in particular as co-rapporteur for the Delors Committee and as a founding member of the European Central Bank's Executive Board. For Padoa-Schioppa, becoming Director-General of the European Commission's DG II (from 1979 to 1983), was a defining moment in his career and life. This period is the main focus of this paper. At the Commission, Padoa-Schioppa's main priority was the European Monetary System, which was launched in March 1979. He was closely involved in several projects to strengthen the EMS, to improve economic policy convergence and the position of the ECU. The other main objective for Padoa-Schioppa was the strengthening of DG II's analytical capacity, especially its model-building capacity and its links with the academic world. As such, he played a crucial role in the professionalisation of economics at the Commission and in preparing DG II for the important role it would play in the EMU process. At the Commission, Padoa-Schioppa became also immersed in several European netorks. Of crucial importance here were his contacts with Jacques Delors. This would be of major importance for his further career, becoming one of the architects of the single currency.