Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A vortex axis and vortex core border grid adaptation algorithm

In the design process of hydrodynamical and aerodynamical technical applications, the numerical simulation of massively separated vortical flow is crucial for predicting, for example, lift or drag. To obtain reliable numerical results, it is mandatory to accurately predict the physical behavior of vortices. Thus, the dominant vortical flow structures have to be resolved in detail, which requires a local grid refinement and certain adaptation techniques. In this paper, a vortex flow structure adaptation algorithm is presented, which is particularly designed for local grid refinement at vortex axes positions and associated vortex core border locations. To this end, a fast and efficient vortex axis detection scheme is introduced and the algorithm for the vortex core border determination is explained. As the interaction between vortices makes the assignment of grid points to a certain vortex axis difficult, a helicity‐based vortex distinction approach in combination with a geometrical rotational sensor is developed. After describing the combined different techniques in detail, the vortex feature adaptation algorithm is applied to analytical and more realistic examples, which show that the described grid adaptation algorithm is able to enhance the grid cell resolution locally such that all significant vortical flow phenomena are resolved. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Runup of solitary waves on a circular Island

This is a study of the interactions of solitary waves climbing up a circular island. A series of large-scale laboratory experiments with waves of different incident height-to-depth ratios and different crest lengths is described. Detailed two-dimensional run-up height measurements and time histories of surface elevations around the island are presented. A numerical model based on the two-dimensional shallow-water wave equations including runup calculations was developed. Numerical model predictions agreed very well with the laboratory data and the model was used to study wave trapping and the effect of slope. Under certain conditions, enhanced runup and wave trapping on the lee side of the island were observed, suggesting a possible explanation for the devastation reported by field surveys in Babi Island off Flores, Indonesia, and in Okushiri Island, Japan.
The 2dF QSO Redshift Survey — I. The optical luminosity function of quasi-stellar objects

We present a determination of the optical luminosity function of quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) and its cosmological evolution with redshift for a sample of over 6000 QSOs identified primarily from the first observations of the 2dF QSO Redshift Survey (2QZ). For QSOs with −26<MB<−23 and 0.35<z<2.3, we find that pure luminosity evolution (PLE) models provide an acceptable fit to the observed redshift dependence of the luminosity function (LF). The LF is best fitted by a two-power-law function of the form Exponential luminosity evolution models, both as a function of look-back time, and as a general second-order polynomial, were found to provide acceptable fits to the data set comprising the 2QZ and the Large Bright Quasar Survey. Exponential evolution with look-back time is preferred for q0=0.05, while the polynomial evolution model is preferred for q0=0.5. The shape and evolution of the LF at low redshifts (z<0.5) and/or high luminosities, not currently well sampled by the 2QZ survey, may show departures from pure luminosity evolution, but the results presented here show that, over a significant range of redshift, PLE is a good description of QSO evolution.
Analysing drug abuse with British Crime Survey data: modelling and questionnaire design issues

We use the British Crime Survey (BCS) to analyse the demand for illicit drugs and the implications of drug use for the probability of subsequent unemployment. We demonstrate that the BCS questionnaire has a serious design flaw for this purpose, and we propose some simple modifications. We also develop a modelling technique that is suitable for existing BCS data and apply it to the 1994 and 1996 samples. We find evidence that soft drug use is associated with a greatly increased probability of later hard drug use and that past drug use is associated with increased probabilities of unemployment.
The Design of Optimum Directional Acoustic Arrays

A transducer array has been designed according to underlying theory originally applied to broadside electromagnetic antenna arrays by Dolph. The properties of Tschebyscheff polynomials have been employed to obtain an optimized relationship between minor‐lobe level and main beam width.The shading design of a 130 element circular array is carried out utilizing a distance between stack centers of 5λ/8. Experimental measurements of the resulting transducer give a peak sensitivity of −70 db below 1 volt for a field of 1 dyne per cm2, 11 degrees main beam width at the 3‐db down points, and suppression of side lobes to more than 32 db below peak sensitivity.
Bringing the cross-correlation method up to date

The cross-correlation (XC) method of Tonry & Davis (1979, AJ, 84, 1511) is generalized to arbitrary parametrized line profiles. In the new algorithm the correlation function itself, rather than the observed galaxy spectrum, is fitted by the model line profile: this removes much of the complication in the error analysis caused by template mismatch. Like the Fourier correlation quotient (FCQ) method of Bender (1990, A&A, 229, 441), the inferred line profiles are, up to a normalization constant, independent of template mismatch as long as there are no blended lines. The standard reduced chi(exp 2) is a good measure of the fit of the inferred velocity distribution, largely decoupled from the fit of the spectral template. The updated XC method performs as well as other recently developed methods, with the added virtue of conceptual simplicity.
New insight in the cross-talk between microglia and schizophrenia: From the perspective of neurodevelopment

Characterized by psychotic symptoms, negative symptoms and cognitive deficits, schizophrenia had a catastrophic effect on patients and their families. Multifaceted reliable evidence indicated that schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder. Microglia, the immune cells in central nervous system, related to many neurodevelopmental diseases. Microglia could affect neuronal survival, neuronal death and synaptic plasticity during neurodevelopment. Anomalous microglia during neurodevelopment may be associated with schizophrenia. Therefore, a hypothesis proposes that the abnormal function of microglia leads to the occurrence of schizophrenia. Nowadays, accumulating experiments between microglia and schizophrenia could afford unparalleled probability to assess this hypothesis. Herein, this review summarizes the latest supporting evidence in order to shed light on the mystery of microglia in schizophrenia.
Interplanetary conditions: lessons from this minimum

Abstract Interplanetary conditions during the Cycle 23-24 minimum have attracted attention because they are noticeably different than those during other minima of the space age, exhibiting more solar wind stream interaction structures in addition to reduced mass fluxes and low magnetic field strengths. In this study we consider the differences in the solar wind source regions by applying Potential Field Source Surface models of the coronal magnetic field. In particular, we consider the large scale coronal field geometry that organizes the open field region locations and sizes, and the appearance of the helmet streamer structure that is another determiner of solar wind properties. The recent cycle minimum had an extraordinarily long entry phase (the decline of Cycle 23) that made it difficult to identify when the actual miminum arrived. In particular, the late 23rd cycle was characterized by diminishing photospheric fields and complex coronal structures that took several extra years to simplify to its traditional dipolar solar minimum state. The nearly dipolar phase, when it arrived, had a duration somewhat shorter than those of the previous cycles. The fact that the corona maintained an appearance more like a solar maximum corona through most of the quiet transitional phase between Cycles 23 and 24 gave the impression of a much more complicated solar minimum solar wind structure in spite of the weaknesses of the mass flux and interplanetary field. The extent to which the Cycle 23-24 transition will affect Cycle 24, and/or represents what happens during weak cycles in general, remains to be seen.
A Referral Center Experience with Cerebral Protection Devices: Challenging Cardiac Thrombus in the EP Lab

BACKGROUND: Cerebral protection devices (CPD) are designed to prevent cardioembolic stroke and most evidence that exists relates to TAVR procedures. There are missing data on the benefits of CPD in patients that are considered high risk for stroke undergoing cardiac procedures like left atrial appendage (LAA) closure or catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia (VT) when cardiac thrombus is present. PURPOSE: This work aimed to examine the feasibility and safety of the routine use of CPD in patients with cardiac thrombus undergoing interventions in the electrophysiology (EP) lab of a large referral center. METHODS: The CPD was placed under fluoroscopic guidance in all procedures in the beginning of the intervention. Two different CPDs were used according to the physician’s discretion: (1) a capture device consisting of two filters for the brachiocephalic and left common carotid arteries placed over a 6F sheath from a radial artery; or (2) a deflection device covering all three supra-aortic vessels placed over an 8F femoral sheath. Retrospective periprocedural and safety data were obtained from procedural reports and discharge letters. Long-term safety data were obtained by clinical follow-up in our institution and telephone consultations. RESULTS: We identified 30 consecutive patients in our EP lab who underwent interventions (21 LAA closure, 9 VT ablation) with placement of a CPD due to cardiac thrombus. Mean age was 70 ± 10 years and 73% were male, while mean LVEF was 40 ± 14%. The location of the cardiac thrombus was the LAA in all 21 patients (100%) undergoing LAA-closure, whereas, in the 9 patients undergoing VT ablation, thrombus was present in the LAA in 5 cases (56%), left ventricle (n = 3, 33%) and aortic arch (n = 1, 11%). The capture device was used in 19 out of 30 (63%) and the deflection device in 11 out of 30 cases (37%). There were no periprocedural strokes or transitory ischemic attacks (TIA). CPD-related complications comprised the vascular access and were as follows: two cases of pseudoaneurysm of the femoral artery not requiring surgery (7%), 1 hematoma at the arterial puncture site (3%) and 1 venous thrombosis (3%) resolved by warfarin. At long-term follow-up, 1 TIA and 2 non-cardiovascular deaths occurred, with a mean follow-up time of 660 days. CONCLUSIONS: Placement of a cerebral protection device prior to LAA closure or VT ablation in patients with cardiac thrombus proved feasible, but possible vascular complications needed to be taken into account. A benefit in periprocedural stroke prevention for these interventions seemed plausible but has yet to be proven in larger and randomized trials.
Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics

Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics was a revolutionary book that caused a sea change in theoretical physics. Here, John von Neumann, one of the leading mathematicians of the twentieth century, shows that great insights in quantum physics can be obtained by exploring the mathematical structure of quantum mechanics. He begins by presenting the theory of Hermitean operators and Hilbert spaces. These provide the framework for transformation theory, which von Neumann regards as the definitive form of quantum mechanics. Using this theory, he attacks with mathematical rigor some of the general problems of quantum theory, such as quantum statistical mechanics as well as measurement processes. Regarded as a tour de force at the time of publication, this book is still indispensable for those interested in the fundamental issues of quantum mechanics.
In vivo acceleration of ultrasonic tissue heating by microbubble agent

Ultrasonic power absorbed by a microbubble was calculated through numerically solving Rayleigh-Plesset equation to analyze its nonlinear breathing motion. At an ultrasonic intensity of 0.33 W/cm/sup 2/ and a frequency of 3.2 MHz, a resonant microbubble, approximately 0.75 /spl mu/m in radius, absorbed ultrasonic power of 8.6 /spl mu/W. This calculation predicts that tissue ultrasonic absorption will be increased by more than twice if microbubbles are delivered to the tissue at a concentration in the order of 20 resonant microbubbles/mm/sup 3/. An exteriorized murine kidney was exposed to HIFU at 3.2 MHz in degassed saline and the tissue temperature change was measured. With administration of 0.2 ml/kg Optison, the temperature elevation induced by HIFU exposure was multiplied by two to three times. This effect may have a potential use to enhance the selectivity as well as the throughput of HIFU treatments.
Enforcing nonnegativity in image reconstruction algorithms

In image restoration and reconstruction applications, unconstrained Krylov subspace methods represent an attractive approach for computing approximate solutions. They are fast, but unfortunately they do not produce approximate solutions preserving nonnegativity. As a consequence the error of the computed approximate solution can be large. Enforcing a nonnegativity constraint can produce much more accurate approximate solutions, but can also be computationally expensive. This paper considers a nonnegativity constrained minimization algorithm which represents a variant of an algorithm proposed by Kaufman. Numerical experiments show that the algorithm can be more accurate and computationally competitive with unconstrained Krylov subspace methods.
Boosting Productivity for Advanced Biomanufacturing by Re-Using Viable Cells

Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) have gained enormous therapeutic application during the last decade as highly efficient and flexible tools for the treatment of various diseases. Despite this success, there remain opportunities to drive down the manufacturing costs of antibody-based therapies through cost efficiency measures. To reduce production costs, novel process intensification methods based on state-of-the-art fed-batch and perfusion have been implemented during the last few years. Building on process intensification, we demonstrate the feasibility and benefits of a novel, innovative hybrid process that combines the robustness of a fed-batch operation with the benefits of a complete media exchange enabled through a fluidized bed centrifuge (FBC). In an initial small-scale FBC-mimic screening, we investigated multiple process parameters, resulting in increased cell proliferation and an elongated viability profile. Consecutively, the most productive process scenario was transferred to the 5-L scale, further optimized and compared to a standard fed-batch process. Our data show that the novel hybrid process enables significantly higher peak cell densities (163%) and an impressive increase in mAb amount of approximately 254% while utilizing the same reactor size and process duration of the standard fed-batch operation. Furthermore, our data show comparable critical quality attributes (CQAs) between the processes and reveal scale-up possibilities and no need for extensive additional process monitoring. Therefore, this novel process intensification strategy yields strong potential for transfer into future industrial manufacturing processes.
Projected 21st-century changes in marine heterotrophic bacteria under climate change

Marine heterotrophic Bacteria (or referred to as bacteria) play an important role in the ocean carbon cycle by utilizing, respiring, and remineralizing organic matter exported from the surface to deep ocean. Here, we investigate the responses of bacteria to climate change using a three-dimensional coupled ocean biogeochemical model with explicit bacterial dynamics as part of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6. First, we assess the credibility of the century-scale projections (2015–2099) of bacterial carbon stock and rates in the upper 100 m layer using skill scores and compilations of the measurements for the contemporary period (1988–2011). Second, we demonstrate that across different climate scenarios, the simulated bacterial biomass trends (2076–2099) are sensitive to the regional trends in temperature and organic carbon stocks. Bacterial carbon biomass declines by 5–10% globally, while it increases by 3–5% in the Southern Ocean where semi-labile dissolved organic carbon (DOC) stocks are relatively low and particle-attached bacteria dominate. While a full analysis of drivers underpinning the simulated changes in all bacterial stock and rates is not possible due to data constraints, we investigate the mechanisms of the changes in DOC uptake rates of free-living bacteria using the first-order Taylor decomposition. The results demonstrate that the increase in semi-labile DOC stocks drives the increase in DOC uptake rates in the Southern Ocean, while the increase in temperature drives the increase in DOC uptake rates in the northern high and low latitudes. Our study provides a systematic analysis of bacteria at global scale and a critical step toward a better understanding of how bacteria affect the functioning of the biological carbon pump and partitioning of organic carbon pools between surface and deep layers.
Decentralized governance and artificial intelligence policy with blockchain-based voting in federated learning

Introduction Fruit losses in the supply chain owing to improper handling and a lack of proper control are common in the industry. As losses are caused by the inefficiency of the export method, selecting the appropriate export method is a possible solution. Several organizations employ only a single strategy, which is mainly based on a first-in-first-out approach. Such a policy is easy to manage but inefficient. Given that the batch of fruits may become overripe during transportation, frontline operators do not have the authority or immediate support to change the fruit dispatching strategy. Thus, this study aims to develop a dynamic strategy simulator to determine the sequence of delivery based on forecasting information projected from probabilistic data to reduce the amount of fruit loss. Methods The proposed method to accomplish asynchronous federated learning (FL) is based on blockchain technology and a serially interacting smart contract. In this method, each party in the chain updates its model parameters and uses a voting system to reach a consensus. This study employs blockchain technology with smart contracts to serially enable asynchronous FL, with each party in the chain updating its parameter model. A smart contract combines a global model with a voting system to reach a common consensus. Its artificial intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things engine further strengthen the support for implementing the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) forecasting model. Based on AI technology, a system was constructed using FL in a decentralized governance AI policy on a blockchain network platform. Results With mangoes being selected as the category of fruit in the study, the system improves the cost-effectiveness of the fruit (mango) supply chain. In the proposed approach, the simulation outcomes show fewer mangoes lost (0.035%) and operational costs reduced. Discussion The proposed method shows improved cost-effectiveness in the fruit supply chain through the use of AI technology and blockchain. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, an Indonesian mango supply chain business case study has been selected. The results of the Indonesian mango supply chain case study indicate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in reducing fruit loss and operational costs.
Detection of Electric Bicycle Indoor Charging for Electrical Safety: A NILM Approach

The increasing fire accidents caused by electric bicycle (EB) indoor charging have raised great concerns. To ensure residential electrical safety, EB is prohibited from charging indoors by regulations, but efficient monitoring of EB indoor charging behaviour in practice still remains as a challenging problem. From the perspective of non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM), this paper proposes a holistic approach to detect the EB indoor charging behaviour. Our approach utilizes four key elements: (i) a multi-window based cumulative sum algorithm to capture the turning-on event from aggregate power; (ii) a two-stage feature selection method to determine the optimal features to form an effective appliance signature for load identification; (iii) a one-class support vector machine classifier to identify whether the turned-on appliance is EB or other appliances in a semi-supervised way; (iv) a Raspberry-Pi based edge device to implement the overall NILM algorithm. The experiment results verify the effectiveness of our NILM based approach, which can obtain a high detection performance with a low-dimensional feature space, thus providing a cost-effective and high-performance solution for EB indoor charging detection.
Non-fragile sliding mode observer based fault estimation for interval type-2 fuzzy singular fractional order systems

In this paper, an interval type-2 fuzzy model is presented to describe the nonlinear singular fractional order systems (SFOSs) with . The problem of actuator and sensor fault estimation is addressed by designing a non-fragile sliding mode observer (SMO). Firstly, a new criterion is provided to analyse the admissibility of SFOSs, which does not need to divide the fractional order interval into interval and interval to study them separately. Then, by expanding the dimension of the SFOS, the non-fragile SMO and the sliding surface are constructed and the accurate estimations of faults and the SFOS state simultaneously are achieved. A new reaching law is designed, which can divide the process of the system moving to the sliding surface into three stages. Further the control law is constructed to guarantee the observation error reaches the sliding surface in finite time. Finally, three examples show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Internet of Intelligent Vehicles (IoIV): An Intelligent VANET Based Computing via Predictive Modeling

With the significant research and advancements in technologies, arose new applications such as autonomous driving and augmented/virtual reality. These applications required massive computational resources for the execution of various tasks. Utilizing vehicles resources in a distributed manner and collectively with the help of volunteer computing for various computational tasks is an emerging research area. The appropriate and intelligent decision in selecting a volunteer vehicle is crucial in this opportunistic network where information is exchanged between vehicles. In this paper, we propose Intelligent Volunteer Computing-based VANETs architecture to fulfill the computational requirements of vehicles applications intelligently. We propose selection criteria to select volunteers’ vehicles capable of the execution of the computationally intensive task. In this study to rightly identify the volunteer vehicle for task execution, we use a machine learning approach that predicts the capability of certain vehicles in completing the task. Extensive experimentation is conducted for the prediction of the computing capability of optimal volunteer vehicles. We used nine different regression techniques on publicly available datasets. The results show these techniques can efficiently predict the capability of volunteers. By comparing the regression techniques, the results indicate that the ridge regression and support vector regression can significantly reduce the mean square error, relative absolute error, and root mean square errors. Simulations are conducted to compare the proposed scheme with the existing one.