Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Research on Current Drive System of Magnetorheological Damper Based on Fuzzy PI Control

Magnetorheological dampers (MRD) are increasingly used in smart structural damping systems due to their good damping properties. In practical applications, as a nonlinear device, the parameters of the internal excitation coil of the magnetorheological damper will change during operation under the influence of the temperature and external environment, deteriorating the dynamic performance of the output current of the driver and reducing the damping effect of the system. Therefore, the current driver needs to be optimized for this phenomenon in order to ensure accurate current output. In this paper, a mathematical model of the buck circuit combined with the MRD equivalent circuit is established, and after analyzing the model, the parameters of the PI controller are rectified to lay the foundation for the design of the adaptive law. Then, with the help of the fuzzy control method, a fuzzy PI control strategy for MRD current driver is established, which enables the current driving system to adjust the control parameters adaptively when the MRD parameters change and ensure the accurate driving current output. The experimental results demonstrate that the fuzzy PI control strategy has a stronger robustness in the face of parameter changes of the control object compared with the traditional PI control at a system parameter change rate of 40%.
Separation of the Interaction Potential into Two Parts in Treating Many‐Body Systems. I. General Theory and Applications to Simple Fluids with Short‐Range and Long‐Range Forces

Systematic methods are developed for investigating the correlation functions and thermodynamic properties of a classical system of particles interacting via a pair potential v(r) = q(r) + w(r). The method is then applied to the case in which w(r) is a ``Kac potential'' w(r, γ) = γvφ(γr) (v the dimensionality of the space) whose range γ−1 is very long compared to the range of q(r). Our work is related closely to the work of Kac, Uhlenbeck, and Hemmer. The main new feature of our method is the separation of the correlations, e. g. , the two‐particle Ursell function F(r), into a short‐range part Fs(r, γ) and a long‐range part FL(y, γ), y ≡ γ r; r the distance between the particles. The two parts of F are defined in terms of their representation by graphs with density (or fugacity) vertices and K‐and φ‐bonds, K(r) = e−‐βq − 1, Φ = −βw. A resummation of these graphs then yields a simple graphical representation for the long‐range part of the correlation functions in terms of graphs with φ‐bonds and ``hyperverti.
Applications of magnetometer sensors to observing bio-mechanical movements

Amorphous magnetic alloy has attracted much attention as a new material constituting a high-performance sensor or transducer for its advantages of outstanding characteristics of mechanical flexibility and electro-magnetic properties. Some of the recent developments of a non-contact magnetic sensing system consisting of amorphous magnetic wires are being utilized in our two applications to bio-medical fields. One is used for measurements of slight mechanical vibrations of eyelids, the results of which are presented in terms of a review of K. Mohri et al. (see ibid., vol. 29, no. 11, p. 3340-42, 1993) previously published work. The other is used for measuring articulatory movements of the tongue during speech. The measuring system used here improved the system previously designed by the author et al. (see ibid., vol. 29, no. 11, p. 3337-39, 1993) by a special hardware and software architecture for solving the serious problem of tilting movements of a magnetic rod on the tongue surface. >
A Mini Review of Physicochemical Properties of Starch and Flour by Using Hydrothermal Treatment

Starch and flour from various plants have been widely used for sundry applications, especially in the food and chemical industries. However, native starch and flour have several weaknesses, especially in functional, pasting, and physicochemical properties. The quality of native starch and flour can be improved by a modification process. The type of modification that is safe, easy, and efficient is physical modification using hydrothermal treatment techniques, including heat moisture treatment (HMT) and annealing (ANN). This review discusses the hydrothermal modifications of starch and flour, especially from various tubers and cereals. The discussion is mainly on its effect on five parameters, namely functional properties, morphology, pasting properties, crystallinity, and thermal properties. Modification of HMT and ANN, in general, can improve the functional properties, causing cracking of the granule surface, stable viscosity to heat, increasing crystallinity, and increasing gelatinization temperature. However, some modifications of starch and flour by HMT and ANN had no effect on several parameters or even had the opposite effect. The summary of the various studies reviewed can be a reference for the development of hydrothermal-modified starch and flour applications for various industries.
Manajemen Laba, Leverage Dan Penghindaran Pajak: Peran Moderasi Tanggung Jawab Sosial Perusahaan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh manajemen laba dan leverage terhadap penghindaran pajak dimana penelitian ini juga untuk menguji peran moderasi corporate social responsibility dalam hubungan manajemen laba dan leverage terhadap penghindaran pajak. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan sub sektor aneka industri yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) selama tahun 2018-2020. Dari hasil purposive sampling, total sampel yang digunakan dipenelitian ini adalah 36 observasi. Pada penelitian ini, data yang diolah menggunakan model data panel. Pengujian hipotesis menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa manajemen laba berpengaruh terhadap penghindaran pajak sedangkan Leverage tidak berpengaruh terhadap penghindaran pajak. Selain itu, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa corporate social responsibility tidak dapat memoderasi pengaruh antara manajemen laba terhadap penghindaran pajak dan memperlemah pengaruh antara leverage terhadap penghindaran pajak.
Diversity, Dynamics and Therapeutic Application of Clostridioides difficile Bacteriophages

Clostridioides difficile causes antibiotic-induced diarrhoea and pseudomembranous colitis in humans and animals. Current conventional treatment relies solely on antibiotics, but C. difficile infection (CDI) cases remain persistently high with concomitant increased recurrence often due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains. Antibiotics used in treatment also induce gut microbial imbalance; therefore, novel therapeutics with improved target specificity are being investigated. Bacteriophages (phages) kill bacteria with precision, hence are alternative therapeutics for the targeted eradication of the pathogen. Here, we review current progress in C. difficile phage research. We discuss tested strategies of isolating C. difficile phages directly, and via enrichment methods from various sample types and through antibiotic induction to mediate prophage release. We also summarise phenotypic phage data that reveal their morphological, genetic diversity, and various ways they impact their host physiology and pathogenicity during infection and lysogeny. Furthermore, we describe the therapeutic development of phages through efficacy testing in different in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo infection models. We also discuss genetic modification of phages to prevent horizontal gene transfer and improve lysis efficacy and formulation to enhance stability and delivery of the phages. The goal of this review is to provide a more in-depth understanding of C. difficile phages and theoretical and practical knowledge on pre-clinical, therapeutic evaluation of the safety and effectiveness of phage therapy for CDI.
Magnetic flux density measurement in magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography using a low-noise current source

Current injected into an electrically conducting object induces distributions of magnetic flux density as well as voltage and current density. In magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (MREIT), we measure the induced magnetic flux density using an MRI scanner to reconstruct cross-sectional conductivity images of the object. The current injection must be synchronized with a chosen MRI pulse sequence and the current source needs to be programmable to accommodate various pulse sequences. For an injected current of 1 mA, for example, we may expect an induced magnetic flux density of a few nanoteslas, and noise reduction in measured magnetic flux density data is important for better conductivity image quality. In this paper, we describe how to reduce noise in measured magnetic flux density data based on analyses of noise sources in MREIT. Given an MRI scanner and an imaging object, we found that the current source including lead wires becomes a major noise source. We designed a low-noise programmable current source with optical links, batteries and electromagnetic shields. Equipped with lead switching capability, it automates MREIT imaging experiments using multiple pairs of electrodes. We found that the new current source improves the output current SNR by about 10 dB and the MR magnitude image SNR by about 30%. Placing it near an imaging object inside the shielded room, we could reduce the noise standard deviation in measured magnetic flux density data by 40%. We propose use of this low-noise current source for in vivo animal and human MREIT imaging studies.
Pseudorandom number generators as applied in reliability analysis

: An electric power system is damaged mainly due to random factors. In this case, computer methods that allow simulation of phenomena occurring in the system are very helpful. These methods, along with the development of computer techniques, have become an increasingly used research tool. In order to properly model the operation of the electric power system elements, it is necessary to map the distributions of the reliability function and the renewal function of individual elements. The probability distributions of the correct operation time or the failure duration of the components can be modelled using selected pseudorandom number generators. The article presents and tests the distribution generators most often used in reliability analyses of electric power systems, and which are considered the standard - normal distribution, Weibull distribution, exponential distribution and log-normal distribution . (Generatory liczb pseudolosowych
On Indeterminate Updating of Credences

The strategy of updating credences by minimizing the relative entropy has been questioned by many authors, most strongly by means of the Judy Benjamin puzzle. I present a new analysis of Judy Benjamin–like forms of new information and defend the thesis that in general the rational posterior is indeterminate, meaning that a family of posterior credence functions rather than a single one is the rational response when that type of information becomes available. The proposed thesis extends naturally to all cases in which new information is traditionally handled by minimizing the relative entropy.
Certain prosocial motives limit redistribution aimed at equality

Author affiliations: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708; Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708; Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708; Department of Philosophy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708; Law School, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708; and Kenan Institute for Ethics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
Transcriptome and metabolome analyses reveal anthocyanins pathways associated with fruit color changes in plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.)

Plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) is one of the most widely cultivated and important fruit trees in temperate and cold regions. Fruit color is a significant trait relating to fruit quality in plum. However, its development mechanism has not been studied from the aspects of transcriptional regulation and metabolomic progress. To reveal the mechanism of fruit color developments in plums, we selected the fruits of two plum cultivars, ‘Changli84’ (Ch84, red fruit) and ‘Dahuangganhe’ (D, yellow fruit) as plant materials for transcriptome sequencing and metabolomic analysis were performed. Based on the data of transcriptome and metabolome at three fruit developmental stages, young fruit stage, color-change stage, and maturation stage, we identified 2,492 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 54 differential metabolites (DMs). The KEGG analysis indicated that “Flavonoid biosynthesis” was significantly enriched during three fruit development stages. Some DEGs in the “Flavonoid biosynthesis” pathway, had opposite trends between Ch84 and D, including chalcone synthase (CHS), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) and flavonol synthase (FLS). Also, the genes encoding MYB–bHLH–WD (MBW) protein complexes, especially MYBs and bHLHs, showed a close relationship with plum fruit color. In the current study, DMs like procyanidin B1, cyanidin 3-glucoside, and cyanidin-3-O-alpha-arabinopyranoside were key pigments (or precursors), while the carotene and carotenoids did not show key relationships with fruit color. In conclusion, the anthocyanins dominate the color change of plum fruit. Carotenes and carotenoids might be related to the color of plum fruit, but do not play a dominate role.
Nonlinear time-dependent density-functional-theory study of ionization and harmonic generation in CO{sub 2} by ultrashort intense laser pulses: Orientational effects

Time-dependent density-functional-theory (TDDFT) methods are used to calculate the orientational dependence of ionization and molecular high-order harmonic generation (MHOHG) in the CO{sub 2} molecule as a function of laser intensity I{sub 0{>=}}10{sup 14} W/cm{sup 2} for few-cycle 800 nm laser pulses. A time-series analysis is used to confirm the recollision model in MHOHG for different density potentials. It is found that at intensities I{sub 0}>3.5x10{sup 14} W/cm{sup 2}, lower highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO's) contribute significantly to ionization and to the MHOHG process. This is due to the symmetry of these orbitals. Even though such lower orbitals have higher ionization potentials (IP), ionization and MHOHG processes occur when orbital densities are maximum with laser polarization direction.
Effects of anesthesia on the cerebral capillary blood flow in young and old mice

Despite recent findings on the possible role of age-related cerebral microvasculature changes in cognition decline, previous studies of capillary blood flow in aging (using animal models) are scarce and limited to anesthetized conditions. Since anesthesia can have different effects in young and old animals, it may introduce a confounding effect in aging studies. The present study aimed to eliminate the potential confound introduced by anesthesia by measuring capillary blood flow parameters in both awake conditions and under isoflurane anesthesia. We used 2-photon laser scanning fluorescence microscopy to measure capillary diameter, red blood cell velocity and flux, hematocrit and capillary volumetric flow in individual capillaries in the barrel cortex of 6- and 24-month old C57Bl/6 mice. It was observed that microvascular properties are significantly affected by anesthesia leading to different trends in capillary blood flow parameters with aging when measured under awake or anesthetized conditions. The findings in this study suggest taking extra care in interpreting aging studies from anesthetized animals.
Propagation of a Surface Wave Sustaining a Plasma Column at Atmospheric Pressure

The propagation of a microwave surface wave is observed along a filamentary argon plasma at atmospheric pressure. The plasma is completely sustained by the propagating wave. Although the collision frequency is about ten times the wave angular frequency, the electron density is high enough so that the resulting conductivity of the plasma filament permits the propagation of the surface wave. The wave dispersion and attenuation diagrams calculated using a cold plasma linear dielectric description are in relatively good agreement with the experimental results.
Macrocharcoal Signals in Histosols Reveal Wildfire History of Vast Western Siberian Forest-Peatland Complexes

Fires are a naturally cyclical factor regulating ecosystems’ function and forming new postfire ecosystems. Peat soils are unique archives that store information about ecological and climatic changes and the history of past fires during the Holocene. The paper presents a reconstruction of the dynamics of fires in the subzone of the middle taiga of Western Siberia in the Holocene. Data on fires were obtained based on the results of a study of the content of macroscopic coal particles and radiocarbon dating. The effect of fires on soil organic matter (SOM) was estimated using 13C NMR spectroscopy and the content of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). It is shown that throughout the Holocene, the peatlands studied were prone to fires. The conducted analyses show that the maximum content of charcoal particles is observed in the Atlantic (~9100–5800 cal. B.P.) and Subatlantic (~3100 cal. B.P. to the present) periods. The high correlation dependence of the content of coals with the content of PAHs (r = 0.56, p < 0.05) and aromatic structures of SOM (r = 0.61, p < 0.05) in peat horizons is shown, which can characterize these parameters as a reliable marker of pyrogenesis.
Reviewing the Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Kenyan Aquaculture Sector and Future Adaptive Strategies

For many Kenyans, the aquaculture business provides a vital source of food and work. However, information on Kenya’s aquaculture sector’s resilience in the face of emerging global shocks such as the COVID-19 pandemic requires additional examination. Prior to the epidemic, Kenya’s aquaculture industry had grown from a tiny participant to a critical component of the country’s fish food system, with fish and fisheries products becoming the most extensively traded food commodity in Kenyan market places. However, as indicated in the review, the aquaculture value chain has not been scrutinised since the onset of COVID-19. Lockdowns enacted during the pandemic had a significant influence on access to aquaculture inputs, fish commerce, and the socio-economic livelihoods of stakeholders and players in Kenya’s aquaculture value chain. Thus, initial and long-term adaptive strategies, particularly those implemented by governments, could help to the development of COVID-19 specific and generic resilience to numerous shocks and stressors among stakeholders and players involved in the country’s aquaculture industry. Some of the measures include a government incentive package to help the fisheries and aquaculture sectors recover, improve farming operations, and gain market trust, as well as the adoption of new methods to reduce labor intensity, such as intelligent sensors, camera systems, and automated or remotely controlled monitoring/feeding strategies. Such strategies and policies can protect the sector from future shocks triggered by pandemics and other unforeseen circumstances.
Effects of Energy and Protein Levels on Laying Performance, Egg Quality, Blood Parameters, Blood Biochemistry, and Apparent Total Tract Digestibility on Laying Hens in an Aviary System

Simple Summary The diet’s energy and protein content must be adjusted to ensure that hens consume enough nutrients needed to cope with growth and onset of egg production. However, the main difference in nutrition between conventional cage and alternative housing is the energy requirements. Laying hens in alternative production systems are more active. Energy requirements for activity depends on the type of system and is therefore higher in alternative and free range systems. Abstract This study was performed to investigate the effects of apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) and protein levels on laying performance, egg quality, blood parameters, blood biochemistry, and apparent total tract digestibility of energy and nutrients in diets fed to laying hens in an aviary system. A total of 560 Hy-Line Brown laying hens (age = 30 week) were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design in 2 × 2 factorial arrangements with 2 metabolizable energy levels (2700 and 2800 kcal AMEn/kg) and 2 protein levels (16.5 and 14.5% CP). Four treatments and four replicates of 40 birds each (stocking density = 15 birds/m2) were prepared. Results revealed no significant interaction between AMEn and CP in the diet in terms of egg production, floor eggs, broken and dirty egg production, egg mass, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio of laying hens. However, egg weight was affected. As dietary energy and CP levels (2800 kcal of AMEn/kg and 16.5% CP) increased, egg weight increased (p < 0.05). Egg weight, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio significantly differed (p < 0.05) as the energy content in the feed increased. Ether extract significantly varied (p < 0.05) as the energy content in the feed increased. In conclusion, laying performance and egg quality of Hy-Line Brown laying hens in the middle stage of egg production (30 to 50 weeks) were not affected by different dietary energy and protein levels, but feed intake decreased with an increasing level of AMEn in diets. Ether extract significantly varied as the energy content in the feed increased.
Towards thermodynamics of solitons: cooling

Recently it has been shown that pulse reshaping in a synchronously driven fibre ring resonator can give rise to the formation of a soliton array which may exist either in a `fluid' or `solid' state, called a soliton gas and soliton crystal, respectively. Here, we demonstrate in numerical simulations that a soliton gas can be cooled to a soliton crystal by a procedure analogous to evaporative cooling.
Two-Dimensional Thermo-Mechanical Wave Propagations in Generalized Coupled Theory of Thermoelasticity

This article deals with the numerical treatment for two-dimensional thermo-mechanical wave propagations in the thermoelastic solids. The development of the formulation is based on the generalized dynamic coupled theory of thermoelasticity. The numerical procedure is developed by using the method of characteristics, yielding the bicharacteristics and bicharacteristic equations. The difference equations for computing the solutions of two-dimensional thermo-mechanical waves are then derived. The method is applied to the thermal and mechanical wave propagations in finite plates subjected to the impulsive surface heating. The numerical results are shown in the graphical form.
Developing disturbances in shear

Abstract The origin and growth to moderate amplitude of disturbances in shear flow has been traditionally ascribed to the linear modal instability of the flow. Recent work on initial value problems has suggested that nonmodal growth of perturbations may be of equal and perhaps greater importance, at least in cases of rapid development. Examples of robust growth in model problems which support no instabilities and in baroclinic flows with realistic Ekman damping for which the exponential modes have zero or negative growth rates have been shown. Such examples have focused attention on the perturbations which are configured to tap the energy of mean flows. Here a critical examination of these favorably configured perturbations is given, making use of the simple constant free shear barotropic model which allows construction of exact two-dimensional isolated wave packet solutions.