Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A COMPARISON OF AXILLARY AND HUMERAL APPROACHES FOR BRACHIAL PLEXUS BLOCK USING PERIPHERAL NERVE STIMULATOR FOR BELOW ELBOW SURGERIES

Background: The axillary block is one of the most prevalent ways of brachial plexus block. This block's accessible landmarks and simplicity suit various surgical procedures. The study aimed to assess the onset time and success rate of brachial plexus block utilizing the axillary method versus the humeral technique in patients having surgery on the forearm, wrist, and hand. Materials and Methods: A prospective, randomized study was conducted among 100 patients undergoing forearm or wrist surgery to compare the success rate, performance time, and onset of surgical anaesthesia using four-injection brachial plexus. Patients were stratified into Group A (axillary method, n = 50) and Group H (humeral method, n = 50) using a peripheral nerve stimulator. Result: An equal number of patients (n = 50) were included in both the group, A and H, which reported an incidence of a complete block (90% vs. 92%), followed by onset (9.44+/-3.72 min vs. 10.87+/-4.12 min) with no significant difference between both the groups. Similar performance times were recorded in groups A and H (6.71+/- 1.70 min versus 7.39+/- 1.80 min). Patients in both groups did not report a significant difference between the ulnar and radial nerve blocks. A significant difference was reported in group A with lower block performance pain and discomfort using a visual analogue scale (5.44 +/-1.42 versus 6.7+/-1.658; P < 0.005). Conclusion: Both axillary and humeral approaches provide a higher success rate and rapid onset of sensory anaesthesia for using a brachial plexus block.
ASSESSMENT OF ANXIETY SCORE AND PREVALENCE OF ANXIETY AMONG ADOLESCENT GIRLS

Background: Anxiety is a mental illness that affects a significant percentage of the world's adolescents at this time. It is possible for it to result in serious mental and physical disability in some cases. This age group is particularly susceptible to the development of anxiety due to the presence of a number of elements that are distinctive to adolescents as a population. Providers and the rest of the medical team have a responsibility to be vigilant in recognising the subtle indicators of anxiety in adolescents and to initiate treatment for this disease as soon as possible. When left untreated, anxiety can have negative effects on a person's life later on. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted and after approval of Institutional Ethics Committee. The study was primarily aimed to assess anxiety score and prevalence of anxiety among students of ANITS College, integral part of Anil Neerukonda Educational Society (ANES), located in Visakhapatnam. A total of 100 study subjects were included in this study after fulfilling the selection criteria. Self administered questionnaire consisted of mainly five sections: (1) Demographic characteristics; (2) Clinical manifestations; (3) HADS for Anxiety and depression. Results and Conclusion: Mean age was 18.73 years. Females were 87%. Most common clinical manifestations were Oily skin (47%), Acne (43%). According to HADS, anxiety and depression were present in 13% and 10% study subjects respectively.
Modeling Three-Dimensional Upper Mantle Seismic Anisotropy with Higher Mode Surface Waves

This dissertation presents a new 3-D global upper mantle model of elastic anisotropy obtained from surface wave seismic tomography. This research contributes to our understanding of deep Earth structure. The two main results are the following: (1) Our work unravels the presence of azimuthal seismic anisotropy in the mantle transition zone, to greater depths than previously found, thereby challenging common views of mantle deformation mechanisms. It also reveals a striking correlation between changes in seismic anisotropy where upper mantle phase transitions occur, which provides new constraints on the style of mantle convection; (2) We confirm the dominantly thermal nature of the oceanic lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB), and show that the Gutenberg discontinuity associated with vertical changes in azimuthal anisotropy inside the lithosphere, implying that this interface is not equivalent to the LAB, contrary to what is commonly assumed. The origin of the Gutenberg discontinuity is a result of frozen-in lithospheric structures, regional compositional variations of the mantle, or dynamically perturbed LAB.
Intestinal dysbiosis in heart failure - modulation of dysbiosis as a potential therapeutic target

The last decade has provided extensive information on the human gut microbiota. The microorganisms populating the gastrointestinal tract play important roles in maintaining the body's homeostasis. It turns out that the intestinal microbiota can affect many diseases from various branches of medicine. The importance of the function of the microflora can also affect cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including heart failure (HF). The microflora influences among other things, nutrient digestion, vitamin production or the production of bioactive metabolites including trimethylamine/trimethylamine N-oxide, short-chain fatty acids and bile acids. Therefore, changes in the composition of the intestinal microflora, defined as dysbiosis, have become one of the key pathogenic factors in many diseases. There is emerging evidence of a strong correlation between gut microflora and the occurrence of cardiovascular disease. In patients with cardiovascular disease and corresponding risk factors, the composition and proportions of the intestinal microflora differed significantly from healthy subjects. Differences in microbial composition and marked fluctuations in the levels of biomarkers such as TMAO, zonulin, LPS, SCFAs may become helpful in the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. For this reason, the intestinal microflora and its metabolic pathways have recently become the subject of numerous studies. A very important issue is the fact that it is possible to regulate the intestinal microflora through diet, the use of prebiotics, probiotics or influence through a much larger intervention - for example, fecal mass transplantation. These possibilities have become new strategies in the treatment of HF. The main purpose of this review is to summarize recent studies that illustrate the complex interactions between the microbiome and the occurrence of HF. Conclusions. The gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem of microorganisms that live in the human gut. The gut microbiota plays an important role in maintaining the body's health, including the cardiovascular system. Dysbiosis, or an imbalance in the gut microbiota, has been linked to the development of heart failure. Gut microbiota metabolites, such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and bile acids, can have harmful effects on the heart. Diet, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) are all potential interventions for improving gut microbiota and reducing the risk of heart failure. More research is needed to fully understand the role of gut microbiota in heart failure and to develop effective treatment strategies.
Primary cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphoma: clinical and therapeutic features in 50 cases.

BACKGROUND Primary cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (PCMZL) is a low-grade B-cell lymphoma that originates in the skin, with no evidence of extracutaneous disease. Studies focusing on the optimal treatment of PCMZL have not been published thus far. We describe 50 patients with PCMZL to further characterize clinical characteristics and outcome and, in particular, to evaluate our current therapeutic approach. OBSERVATIONS The majority of the patients (36/50 [72%]) presented with multifocal skin lesions, and 14 patients (28%) presented with solitary or localized lesions. The initial treatment of patients with solitary lesions consisted of radiotherapy or excision, whereas patients with multifocal lesions received a variety of initial treatments, most commonly radiotherapy and chlorambucil therapy. Cutaneous relapses developed in 19 (48%) of 40 patients who had complete remission and were more common in patients with multifocal disease. After a median period of follow-up of 36 months, 2 patients developed extracutaneous disease, but none of the patients died of lymphoma. CONCLUSIONS Patients with PCMZL who have solitary lesions can be treated effectively with radiotherapy or excision. For patients with PCMZL who have multifocal lesions, chlorambucil therapy and radiotherapy are suitable therapeutic options. In case of cutaneous relapses, the beneficial effects of treatment should carefully be weighed against the potential adverse effects.
Multi-Agent Mix Hierarchical Deep Reinforcement Learning for Large-Scale Fleet Management

In recent years, ride-sharing has gained popularity as a daily means of transportation. The primary challenge for large-scale online ride-sharing platforms is to design an efficient fleet management policy that reallocates vehicles to appropriate regions to receive orders, thereby improving the platform’s cumulative revenue and order response rate. Combinatorial optimization algorithms and reinforcement learning methods are commonly employed for this task, but they typically learn a unified repositioning policy for all regions. However, different regions, such as hot and cold zones, may require different repositioning policies due to varying travel patterns. In this paper, we propose a multi-agent mixed hierarchical reinforcement learning approach, called MIX-H, for efficient large-scale fleet management by formulating it as a Markov decision process. MIX-H adopts multi-level controllers, including a leader controller and follower controller, for multi-level action learning. The leader controller plans the goal to be executed by the follower controller. Additionally, to improve the algorithm’s stability, we introduce a MIX module to compute the total value of joint action. Finally, experiments on real-world datasets demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.
TECNOLOGIAS DIGITAIS DA INFORMAÇÃO E COMUNICAÇÃO NO PROCESSO INICIAL DE ALFABETIZAÇÃO MATEMÁTICA DE UM ESTUDANTE AUTISTA

Este trabalho faz parte de uma pesquisa em andamento que tem como objetivo discutir as possiveis contribuicoes das Tecnologias Digitais da Informacao e Comunicacao (TDICs) para o desenvolvimento de habilidades academicas de estudantes autistas, relacionadas a matematica. A pesquisa esta sendo realizada a partir de um estudo de caso junto a um estudante com diagnostico de autismo, incluido na rede regular de ensino, e que recebe atendimento educacional especializado em uma escola de educacao especial. Neste artigo, busca-se fornecer, a partir da literatura, uma visao geral a respeito do tema da pesquisa e tambem um panorama geral sobre a metodologia que esta sendo utilizada na pesquisa. Espera-se que este trabalho possa contribuir no debate relativo a inclusao no sistema educacional brasileiro, principalmente no que tange ao trabalho com estudantes autistas, tema ainda pouco explorado nas pesquisas no âmbito da educacao matematica.
Acoustic Emission Monitoring of Soil and Rock Grouting

Grouting in soil or rock is by nature difficult to monitor and evaluate. Recent developmental efforts and demonstrations on construction projects have shown that acoustic emission monitoring shows promise in its use before and after grouting to indicate the effectiveness of the grout in stopping groundwater seepage, and during grout injection to detect hydraulic fracturing. The latter application has the potential for permitting the use of increased injection pressures, and hence productivity, while actually decreasing the risk of extensive hydraulic fracture during injection. (Authors)
Improving the Organization of Knowledge in Production by Screening Problems

We extend Garicano’s (2000) model of optimal organizations by allowing its members to screen problems, i.e. to attempt the identification of problems before trying to solve them. As for solving problems, screening is costly to learn and time consuming but has the advantage of allowing for successfully screened problems to be directed to those in the organization who can solve them. We establish several properties of optimal organizations and use them to show: (a) When screening problems is as costly as solving them, optimal organizations are hierarchies as in Garicano (2000), but (b) when the cost of learning how to screen problems is sufficiently small, optimal organizations are such that workers screen all problems that they and the managers who solve the most extraordinary problems cannot solve, those problems that they screen are directed to those managers who can solve them and those problems that they neither solve nor screen are passed to the managers who solve the most extraordinary problems. For intermediate values of the cost of learning how to screen problems, we show computationally that the optimal organization is a hybrid of the above two organizational forms. ∗We wish to thank Paulo Bastos, Esteban Rossi-Hansberg, John Van Reenen and seminar participants at the 2021 RES annual conference (Belfast) and EWET 2021 (Akko) for helpful comments. Any remaining errors are, of course, ours. †Address: University of Surrey, School of Economics, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK; email: g.carmona@surrey.ac. uk. ‡Address: University of Surrey, School of Economics, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK; email: k.laohakunakorn@surrey.ac. uk.
Dopamine Transporter Imaging with Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography

A Multicentre, Phase 3, Clinical Study to Compare the Striatal Uptake of a Dopamine Transporter Radioligand, DaTSCAN™ Ioflupane (123I) Injection, After Intravenous Administration to Chinese Patients With a Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease, Multiple System Atrophy, Progressive Supranuclear Palsy, or Essential Tremor and to Healthy Controls
Relación entre Concentración de Propiedad Familiar y Discrecionalidad directiva: Evidencia del caso de México. Ownership Structure and Managerial Discretion Relationship

Resumen En este trabajo se evaluo el impacto de los tres diferentes tipos de estructura de propiedad (familiar, Institucional-financiera y no-familiares con participacion significativa) en la calidad de la informacion financiera (de naturaleza devengada de los estados financieros), variable conocida como"earnings management" relativa a la discrecionalidad directiva (medida por el modelos de Jones (1991)): Para ello se utilizan los datos de 89 emisoras Mexicanas del periodo de 2005 a 2011, realizando el analisis econometrico considerando datos panel y efectos fijos de frecuencia anual. Se obtiene signo negativo en la relacion entre estructura de propiedad familiar y discrecionalidad directiva, en la relacion entre estructura de propiedad de financiamiento por medio de instituciones financieras. Abstract This study assesses the impact of three different types of ownership structure (family, institutional, financial, and external blockholders) in the quality of financial reporting information (under the accrued basis on the financial statements), a variable known as "earnings management" on to managerial discretion (as measured by the model of Jones (1991)). We test the data from 89 share issuers or listed Mexican companies for the period 2005-2011, performing econometric analysis considering fixed effects panel data and annual frequency. Negative signs obtained on the relationship between family ownership structure and managerial discretion, and in the relationship between institutional-ownership structure.
Building an ecosystem approach to aquaculture : FAO/Universitat de les Illes Balears Expert Workshop, 7-11 May, 2007, Palma de Mallorca, Spain

Aquaculture growth worldwide involves the expansion of cultivated areas, a higher density of aquaculture installations and farmed individuals, and greater use of feed resources produced outside the immediate culture area. These proceedings present the output of a workshop and include contributed papers on: definitions, principles, scales and management measures, human dimensions, economic implications and legal implications that are relevant for an ecosystem-based management in aquaculture.
An investigation into genetic improvement in reproductive efficiency in beef cattle through the unravelling of composite reproductive traits.

An investigation into genetic improvement in reproductive efficiency in beef cattle through the unravelling of composite reproductive traits. by T Rust Promoter: Prof. SJ Schoeman Co-promoter: Prof. JB van Wyk Department: Animal Sciences Faculty: Agricultural and Forestry Sciences University of Stellenbosch Degree: PhD (Agric) This study is a search for a quantifiable measure which estimates the genetic merit of female animals’ breeding efficiency. For practical reasons, such a measure must be both simple and inexpensive to record, irrespective of the herd management strategy. A literature investigation was undertaken to summarize breeding objectives for reproduction efficiency and to review different ways of expressing genetic reproduction efficiency. Traits to assess these in terms of the breeding objective, merits and requirements in terms of data collection are discussed. During the lifetime of a cow events occur which influence her fertility. A distinction is made between component traits and aggregate traits: a component trait points to one event, while aggregate traits are composites of more than one event. Although all the traits discussed seem relevant for breeding value estimation, the practical application depends on the herd management system in use.
What Student Voice is and is Not: Connecting Dialogue to Evidence-Based Practice and Inclusive Mindsets

Traditional attitudes to student voice are changing which is highlighted in the recent proliferation of student voice manuscripts the Journal is receiving. Student voice literature currently positions students as active dialogue partners in higher education with much to contribute rather than passive consumers or evaluators. As Editors of the Student Experience section, we view this development in higher education as a significant and emerging trend which has the potential to positively impact practice in higher education and also contribute toward meaningful relational changes for the student experience. We offer some guidelines and recommendations for potential authors on what student voice is and what it is not. We welcome manuscripts that leverage student voice by connecting genuine student-teacher dialogue and articulating how student voice has contributed toward collaboration, change, and empowerment. Manuscripts that articulate how an authentic student voice connects to evidence-based practice and creates inclusive mindsets are also welcome.
Simulation Supported Bayesian Network Approach for Performance Assessment of Infrastructure Systems

We present a simulation supported Bayesian Network modeling approach to evaluate the performance of bridge networks with respect to both infrastructure owner’s cost and users’ travel time based on bridge level maintenance decisions. By combining system decomposition, simulation and Bayesian Networkm (BN) modelling, our approach enables the construction of a BN model of bridge networks where probabilistic information resulting from simulation are used to populate the conditional probability tables. Our approach is therefore useful when access to actual conditions of bridges and their monitoring is difﬁcult, and the conditional dependencies accross different networks elements are not easily quantiﬁable. Once built, the BN can be used by infrastructure managers as a scenario analysis tool to assess how maintenance decisions on individual bridges affect maintenance costs and travel time for the whole network. The approach is presented on a small-scale bridge network for demonstration purposes.
Weak Northern and Strong Tropical Land Carbon Uptake from Vertical Profiles of Atmospheric CO2

Measurements of midday vertical atmospheric CO2 distributions reveal annual-mean vertical CO2 gradients that are inconsistent with atmospheric models that estimate a large transfer of terrestrial carbon from tropical to northern latitudes. The three models that most closely reproduce the observed annual-mean vertical CO2 gradients estimate weaker northern uptake of –1.5 petagrams of carbon per year (Pg C year–1) and weaker tropical emission of +0.1 Pg C year–1 compared with previous consensus estimates of –2.4 and +1.8 Pg C year–1, respectively. This suggests that northern terrestrial uptake of industrial CO2 emissions plays a smaller role than previously thought and that, after subtracting land-use emissions, tropical ecosystems may currently be strong sinks for CO2.
Supporting Online Material Materials and Methods Som Text Figs. S1 to S7 Tables S1 to S3 References Movies S1 to S6 Tuned Responses of Astrocytes and Their Influence on Hemodynamic Signals in the Visual Cortex

EpsE or lacking motA and motB was consistent with a calculated root mean square angular deviation of ~80° in 90 s for a B. subtilis cell tethered by an unpowered flagellum freely rotating by Brownian motion (supporting online material). In contrast, the angular deviation is much less, ~3°, for an E. coli cell tethered by an immobilized flagellum (22). Thus, EpsE acted as a clutch; when EpsE was induced, the flagella behaved as though they were unpowered rather than immobilized. The biological function of the clutch appears to be related to the B. subtilis biofilm because epsE is encoded within the 15-gene eps operon that promotes the biosynthesis of the biofilm EPS and is repressed by SinR, the master regulator of biofilm formation. Therefore, control of a single locus ensures that cells become immobilized con-comitant with biofilm formation (fig. S5A). In wild-type cells, trapped flagella and puncta of EpsE were observed within biofilm aggregates, and the cells within the aggregates were sessile (fig. S6 and movie S5). Cells expressing the FliG V338A clutch-insusceptible allele formed aggregates, but the cells writhed within the confines of the matrix (movie S6). We hypothesize that the clutch helps to stabilize biofilms in the environment and acts as a fail-safe mechanism to ensure that flagella do not rotate while the cells are bound by EPS. The bacterial flagellum, powered by a motor that generates 1400 pN-nm of torque, can rotate at a frequency of greater than 100 Hz (23). EpsE disabled this powerful biological motor when associated with a flagellar basal body and, in a manner similar to that of a clutch, disengaged the drive train from the power source (fig. S5B). Clutch control of flagellar function has distinct advantages over transcriptional control of flagel-lar gene expression for regulating motility. Some bacteria, such as E. coli and B. subtilis, have many flagella per cell. The flagellum is an elaborate , durable, energetically expensive, molecular machine and simply turning off de novo flagellum synthesis does not necessarily arrest motility. Once flagellar gene expression is in-activated, multiple rounds of cell division may be required to segregate preexisting flagella to extinction in daughter cells. In contrast, the clutch requires the synthesis of only a single protein to inhibit motility. Furthermore, if biofilm formation is prematurely aborted, flagella once disabled by the clutch might be reactivated, allowing cells to bypass fresh investment in flagellar synthesis. Whereas flagellum expression and …