Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clarifying the “People Like Me”: Racial Efficacy and Political Behavior

Political efficacy, or a sense of confidence that “people like me” can understand politics and receive responsiveness from government, is central to the study of political behavior. However, the reference group that respondents view as “people like me” is not always immediately clear. This limits our ability to infer how efficacy informs political participation. We propose a specific concept and operationalization of racial group efficacy, and we distinguish this concept from racial identity, group consciousness, and conventional efficacy measures. Analyses of data from the 2016 Collaborative Multiracial Post-Election Survey reveal that for white, Black, Asian, and Latina/o Americans, racial efficacy is a more consistent and robust predictor of political participation than standard internal and external efficacy measures. Further, we show that racial efficacy exhibits associations with conventional and unconventional forms of participation that distinguish whites from people of color. We conclude by discussing how people’s racial efficacy informs their engagement in politics, from voting to protests.
Developing DIGCONAR (Digital Comic Narrative) As An Alternative Media for Teaching Writing Narrative Text in Pandemic Covid - 19 Period

This research was to develop DIGCONAR learning media. R&D was the design of this research, which aims to develop educational products. In this research, there are five steps, namely need analysis, studying recent theories of education product development, developing the educational product, validating educational product, and field-testing educational product. In addition, a quasi-experimental design was used in this research to obtain data. The sample used was students X grade of SMA Negeri 2 Trenggalek 2020/2021 academic year, 36 students of MIPA 2 and X MIPA 3. The instruments that use in this research are questionnaire, interview, pre-test and post-test. To obtain the data, researchers used instruments in the form of questionnaires, interviews, pre-test and post-test. Data processing is carried out qualitative and quantitative way. The result of need analysis score was 4112. Then, the result of field-testing was 3341 it shows that students strongly agree with the product of DIGCONAR. The result of t-test; the sig. (2-tailed) showed 0.000 < 0.05 in post-test result, so it can be conclude that Ho is rejected meanwhile Ha is accepted. From description above, it means that DIGCONAR was an effective learning media for teaching writing narrative text in pandemic Covid-19 period
Strong lensing in the MARENOSTRUM UNIVERSE - I. Biases in the cluster lens population

Context. Strong lensing is one of the most direct probes of mass distribution in the inner regions of galaxy clusters. It can be used to constrain the density profiles and to measure the mass of the lenses. Moreover, the abundance of strong lensing events can be used to constrain structure formation and cosmological parameters through the so-called “arc-statistics” approach. However, several issues related to the use of strong lensing clusters in cosmological applications are still controversial, leading to the suspicion that several biases may affect this very peculiar class of objects. Aims. With this study we aim a better understanding of the properties of galaxy clusters that can potentially act as strong lenses. Methods. We do so by investigating the properties of a large sample of galaxy clusters extracted from the N-body/hydrodynamical simulation MareNostrum Universe. We perform ray-tracing simulations with each of them and identify those objects capable of producing strong lensing effects. We explore the correlation between the cross section for lensing and many properties of clusters, such as mass, three-dimensional and projected shapes, their concentrations, the X-ray luminosity, and the dynamical activity. Results. We quantify the minimal cluster mass required for producing both multiple images and large distortions. While we do not measure a significant excess of triaxiality in strong lensing clusters, we find that the probability of strong alignments between the major axes of the lenses and the line of sight is a growing function of the lensing cross section. In projection, the strong lenses appear rounder within R200, but we find that their cores tend to be more elliptical as the lensing cross section increases. As a result of the orientation bias, we also find that the cluster concentrations estimated from the projected density profiles tend to be biased high. The X-ray luminosity of strong lensing clusters tend to be higher than for normal lenses of similar mass and redshift. This is particularly significant for the least massive lenses. Finally, we find that the strongest lenses generally exhibit an excess of kinetic energy within the virial radius, thus indicating that they are more dynamically active than the usual clusters. Conclusions. We conclude that strong lensing clusters are a very peculiar class of objects, affected by many selection biases that need to be properly modeled when using them to study the inner structure of galaxy clusters or to constrain the cosmological parameters.
Criteria for two distinguishable fermions to form a boson

We study the necessary conditions for bosons composed of two distinguishable fermions to exhibit bosonic-like behaviour. We base our analysis on tools of quantum information theory such as entanglement and the majorization criterion for probability distributions. In particular we scrutinize a recent interesting hypothesis by C. K. Law in the Ref. Phys. Rev. A 71, 034306 (2005) that suggests that the amount of entanglement between the constituent fermions is related to the bosonic properties of the composite boson. We show that a large amount of entanglement does not necessarily imply a good boson-like behaviour by constructing an explicit counterexample. Moreover, we identify more precisely the role entanglement may play in this situation. PACS numbers:
Superconducting vortex pinning with artificially prepared nanostructures

Vortex pinning in superconductors with artificially introduced pinning arrays provides a controllable method for studying periodic systems moving in the presence of a periodic potential. Vortex pinning has applications that include enhancing critical current densities for superconducting transmission lines and reducing noise in a variety of devices based on superconductivity. Modern nanolithography enables the positioning of pinning structures at length scales similar to the vortex interaction length in superconductors. This provides the means to manipulate the potential-energy landscape and to study vortex dynamics under tunable conditions. Although the role of disorder and defects in a lattice is of great importance in condensed-matter physics, it has received little attention in the context of vortices. While the extreme case of intrinsic defects lacking any order has previously been studied, there have been few attempts to study partially ordered systems. This dissertation studies the effects on the vortices of different types of controlled partial order in pinning site lattices. Experiments clarifying the origin of the ratchet effect in vortex systems have been performed. It has previously been shown that in a non-symmetric vortex potential, an AC current can be applied to a superconducting system and a DC voltage will emerge. The DC voltage can undergo a ratchet reversal, where the sign of the DC voltage changes. An experiment testing the origin of the DC ratchet reversal has been performed and compared to several theories. The effects of different current density configurations are explored in circular geometries. In the Corbino geometry, current is injected in the center of a superconducting disc and travels radially outwards towards the edges causing a tangential shearing force on the vortex lattice. This dissertation studies the Corbino geometry in the presence of different periodic potentials, and shows that the vortex lattice undergoes a shearing transition due to the pinning sites. Finally, several ongoing projects and international collaborations are presented. Measurements of the vortex lattice using microwave magnetic susceptibility measurements, neutron scattering, and magnetic force microscopy are discussed. A computer simulation of the vortex lattice is presented, and an experiment involving varying pinning site densities is described
Solutions of Kapustin-Witten equations for ADE-type groups

Kapustin-Witten (KW) equations are encountered in the localization of the topological N=4 SYM theory. Mikhaylov has constructed model solutions of KW equations for the boundary 't~Hooft operators on a half space. Direct proof of the solutions boils down to check a boundary condition. There are two computational difficulties in explicitly constructing the solutions to Lie algebra of higher rank. The first one is related to the commutation of generators of Lie algebra. We derived an identity which effectively reduces this computational difficulty. The second one involves the number of ways from the highest weights to other weights in the fundamental representation. For ADE-type gauge groups, we found an amazing formula which can be used to rewrite the solutions of KW equations. This new formula of solutions bypass above two computational difficulties.
Detecting Discontinuities From In Situ Space Measurements: Method and FPGA Implementation

The analysis in real time of space data variability is essential for scientists and space mission controllers. Automated tools designed to extract key descriptors of variability are needed and solutions to adapt such algorithms for on‐board computers are rare. This paper describes the design of an automated system for detecting directional discontinuities of a physical quantity and its implementation in Field‐Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The system is currently adapted for solar wind or terrestrial magnetosheath magnetic field directional discontinuities, that is, sharp changes of the magnetic field directionality. Our detection algorithm uses analysis windows of adjustable width and averaging procedures in order to reduce the effects of random fluctuations. A sliding‐window approach is designed for continuous monitoring and detection of magnetic directional discontinuities. A software implementation of the algorithm was tested using in‐situ magnetic field measurements, and emphasized improvements of performance when using analysis windows of adjustable width. The FPGA implementation of the detection algorithm is built on DILIGENT Nexys 4 DDR featuring a commercial Xilinx Artix‐7 device and is designed to be ported to space qualified infrastructure. The FPGA system was tested with synthetic and laboratory signals, and provides results in very good agreement with the software implementation. The FPGA system provides an efficient real‐time monitoring solution using minimal computational and energy resources, and reducing the main on‐board computer utilization.
Far-infrared spectra of cosmic-type pure and mixed ices

We have measured the far-infrared spectra of pure H 2 O, CH 3 OH, NH 3 , CO 2 , H 2 CO, CH 4 , and CO ices and H 2 O-dominated binary mixtures of CH 3 OH, NH 3 , CO 2 , H 2 CO, CH 4 , and CO from 500 cm −1 (20 μm) to 100 cm −1 (100 μm) at low temperatures. We also examined spectra of several more complex ices. These results represent a consistent set of data on astrophysically relevant molecules and mixtures over a wide range of temperatures. This set provides information in a spectral region that will be increasingly accessible with the advent of future orbiting observatories. Spectra of both the amorphous and crystalline phases of each of the pure molecular ices are unique
Einselection without pointer states

We investigate decoherence and equilibration in the experimentally relevant situation of weak coupling to an environment. We consider small subsystems of large, closed quantum systems that evolve according to the von Neumann equation. Without approximations and without making any special assumptions on the form of the interaction we prove that, for almost all initial states and almost all times, the off-diagonal elements of the density matrix of the subsystem in the eigenbasis of its local Hamiltonian must be small, whenever the energy difference of the corresponding eigenstates is larger than the interaction energy. This proves that decoherence with respect to the local energy eigenbasis is a natural property of weakly interacting quantum systems.
Mass deformations of four-dimensional, rank 1, N=2 superconformal field theories

Turning on N=2 supersymmetry preserving relevant operators in a 4-dimensional N=2 superconformal field theory (SCFT) corresponds to a complex deformation compatible with the rigid special Kahler (RSK) geometry encoded in the low energy effective action. Field theoretic consistency arguments indicate that there should be many distinct such relevant deformations of each SCFT fixed point. Some new RSK-compatible complex deformations are constructed of isolated rank 1 SCFTs. We also make predictions for the dimensions of Higgs branches for some rank 1 SCFTs.
Jet softening and decollimation in heavy-ion collisions

Two suggested models of jet fragmentation in a quark-gluon plasma have been tested, combined and further developed. This has been done by generating hard processes in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=2.76$ GeV in PYTHIA 8 with a modified parton shower algorithm. Subsequently, a jet analysis of the final state hadrons have been performed with the FastJet recombination package. The results have been compared to unmodified jets in proton-proton collisions at the same collision energy, and to experimental data obtained by ATLAS. It has been shown that modifications of the parton splitting kernels alone is an insufficient modification to reproduce experimental data on dijet energy asymmetry and azimuthal decorrelation. Additional jet decollimation qualitatively reproduces the main features of the data provided certain variables are chosen aptly. We also study other jet characteristics with the model, such as the jet substructure, that may be observable experimentally in a near future.
Definition, Assessment, and Management of Vitamin D Inadequacy: Suggestions, Recommendations, and Warnings from the Italian Society for Osteoporosis, Mineral Metabolism and Bone Diseases (SIOMMMS)

In the recent years, both the prescriptions of serum 25(OH)D levels assay, and vitamin D supplementation are constantly increasing, as well as the costs to be incurred relating to these specific aspects. As in many other countries, the risk of vitamin D deficiency is particularly high in Italy, as recently confirmed by cohort studies in the general population as well as in patients with metabolic bone disorder. Results confirmed the North-South gradient of vitamin D levels described among European countries, despite the wide use of supplements. Although vitamin D supplementation is also recommended by the Italian Medicine Agency for patients at risk for fragility fracture or for initiating osteoporotic medication, the therapeutic gap for osteoporosis in Italy is very high. There is a consistent proportion of osteoporotic patients not receiving specific therapy for osteoporosis following a fragility fracture, with a poor adherence to the recommendations provided by national guidelines and position paper documents. The failure or inadequate supplementation with vitamin D in patients on antiresorptive or anabolic treatment for osteoporosis is thought to further amplify the problem and exposes patients to a high risk of re-fracture and mortality. Therefore, it is important that attention to its possible clinical consequences must be given. Thus, in light of new evidence from the literature, the SIOMMMS board felt the need to revise and update, by a GRADE/PICO system approach, its previous original recommendations about the definition, prevention, and treatment of vitamin D deficiency in adults, released in 2011. Several key points have been here addressed, such as the definition of the vitamin D status: normality values and optimal values; who are the subjects considered at risk of hypovitaminosis D; opportunity or not of performing the biochemical assessment of serum 25(OH)D levels in general population and in subjects at risk of hypovitaminosis D; the need or not to evaluate baseline serum 25(OH)D in candidate subjects for pharmacological treatment for osteoporosis; how and whether to supplement vitamin D subjects with hypovitaminosis D or candidates for pharmacological treatment with bone active agents, and the general population; how and whether to supplement vitamin D in chronic kidney disease and/or chronic liver diseases or under treatment with drugs interfering with hepatic metabolism; and finally, if vitamin D may have toxic effects in the subject in need of supplementation.
Dynamics of EEG Entropy: beyond signal plus noise

EEG time series are analyzed using the diffusion entropy method. The resulting EEG entropy manifests short-time scaling, asymptotic saturation and an attenuated alpha-rhythm modulation. These properties are faithfully modeled by a phenomenological Langevin equation interpreted within a neural network context. Detrended fluctuation analysis of the EEG data is compared with diffusion entropy analysis and is found to suppress certain important properties of the EEG time series.
Two scalar field cosmology: Conservation laws and exact solutions

We consider the two scalar field cosmology in a FRW spatially flat spacetime where the scalar fields interact both in the kinetic part and the potential. We apply the Noether point symmetries in order to define the interaction of the scalar fields. We use the point symmetries in order to write the field equations in the normal coordinates and we find that the Lagrangian of the field equations which admits at least three Noether point symmetries describes linear Newtonian systems. Furthermore, by using the corresponding conservation laws we find exact solutions of the field equations. Finally, we generalize our results to the case of N scalar fields interacting both in their potential and their kinematic part in a flat FRW background.
Efficient method to generate time evolution of the Wigner function for open quantum systems

The Wigner function is a useful tool for exploring the transition between quantum and classical dynamics, as well as the behavior of quantum chaotic systems. Evolving the Wigner function for open systems has proved challenging however; a variety of methods have been devised but suffer from being cumbersome and resource intensive. Here we present an efficient fast-Fourier method for evolving the Wigner function, that has a complexity of $O(N\log N)$ where $N$ is the size of the array storing the Wigner function. The efficiency, stability, and simplicity of this method allows us to simulate open system dynamics previously thought to be prohibitively expensive. As a demonstration we simulate the dynamics of both one-particle and two-particle systems under various environmental interactions. For a single particle we also compare the resulting evolution with that of the classical Fokker-Planck and Koopman-von Neumann equations, and show that the environmental interactions induce the quantum-to-classical transition as expected. In the case of two interacting particles we show that an environment interacting with one of the particles leads to the loss of coherence of the other.
Screened Coulomb interaction calculations: cRPA implementation and applications to dynamical screening and self-consistency in uranium dioxide and cerium

We report an implementation of the constrained random phase approximation (cRPA) method within the projector augmented-wave framework. It allows for the calculation of the screened interaction in the same Wannier orbitals as our recent DFT+U and DFT+DMFT implementations. We present calculations of the dynamical Coulomb screened interaction in uranium dioxide and alpha and gamma cerium on Wannier functions. We show that a self-consistent calculation of the static screened interaction in DFT+U together with a consistent Wannier basis is mandatory for gamma cerium and uranium dioxide. We emphasize that a static approximation for the screened interaction in alpha cerium is too drastic.
Bosonic gas as a galactic dark matter halo

We study in detail the properties of gravitationally bounded multistate configurations, made of spin-zero bosons, in the Newtonian regime. We show that the properties of such configurations, in particular, their stability, depend upon how the particles are distributed in the different states they are composed of. Numerical techniques are used to distinguish between stable and unstable solutions, and to determine the final configurations they evolve towards. Multistate equilibrium configurations could be used as models of galactic halos made of scalar field dark matter, whose rotation curves appear more realistic than in the case of single-state configurations.
Cardiovascular Complications of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in the Intensive Care Unit and Beyond

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disease with a high degree of association with and possible etiological factor for several cardiovascular diseases. Patients who are admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) are incredibly sick, have multiple co-morbidities, and are at substantial risk for mortality. A study of cardiovascular manifestations and disease processes in patients with OSA admitted to the ICU is very intriguing, and its impact is likely significant. Although much is known about these cardiovascular complications associated with OSA, there is still a paucity of high-quality evidence trying to establish causality between the two. Studies exploring the potential impact of therapeutic interventions, such as positive airway pressure therapy (PAP), on cardiovascular complications in ICU patients are also needed and should be encouraged. This study reviewed the literature currently available on this topic and potential future research directions of this clinically significant relationship between OSA and cardiovascular disease processes in the ICU and beyond.
A Novel Piggyback Strategy for mRNA Delivery Exploiting Adenovirus Entry Biology

Molecular therapies exploiting mRNA vectors embody enormous potential, as evidenced by the utility of this technology for the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Nonetheless, broad implementation of these promising strategies has been restricted by the limited repertoires of delivery vehicles capable of mRNA transport. On this basis, we explored a strategy based on exploiting the well characterized entry biology of adenovirus. To this end, we studied an adenovirus-polylysine (AdpL) that embodied “piggyback” transport of the mRNA on the capsid exterior of adenovirus. We hypothesized that the efficient steps of Ad binding, receptor-mediated entry, and capsid-mediated endosome escape could provide an effective pathway for transport of mRNA to the cellular cytosol for transgene expression. Our studies confirmed that AdpL could mediate effective gene transfer of mRNA vectors in vitro and in vivo. Facets of this method may offer key utilities to actualize the promise of mRNA-based therapeutics.