Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Beam focusing of a laser guide star

It is foreseen that Extremly large telescope (ELT) will include Adaptive Optics Systems to provide diffraction-limited images in the near infrared. The preliminary atmospheric turbulence properties which affects laser guide star (LGS) generation are presented here. The results of modern model developed in optical communication through atmosphere is used to evaluate LGS size for many different atmospheric situation, with the turbulence intensity concentrate to different heights. This introduce the focusing problem and requirements above the observatory where the adaptive optics system with a reference source will be install. In other case, focus a laser in the mesosphere is impossible in a generic place. In high altitude observatories this is possible, like in canarian observatories. We took 6 experimental turbulence profile to evaluate the beam radius with altitude. A mean value of 0.2 m are found for the diameter of mesospheric volume illuminated by the laser. This is small enough to create an useful LGS for adaptive optics proposes.
Sleep outcomes and related factors in Parkinson’s disease after subthalamic deep brain electrode implantation: a retrospective cohort study

Background: Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) improves sleep qualities in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients; however, it remains elusive whether STN-DBS improves sleep by directly influencing the sleep circuit or alleviates other cardinal symptoms such as motor functions, other confounding factors including stimulation intensity may also involve. Studying the effect of microlesion effect (MLE) on sleep after STN-DBS electrode implantation may address this issue. Objective: To examine the influence of MLE on sleep quality and related factors in PD, as well as the effects of regional and lateral specific correlations with sleep outcomes after STN-DBS electrode implantation. Study Design: Case–control study; Level of evidence, 3. Data Sources and Methods: In 78 PD patients who underwent bilateral STN-DBS surgery in our center, we compared the sleep qualities, motor performances, anti-Parkinsonian drug dosage, and emotional conditions at preoperative baseline and postoperative 1-month follow-up. We determined the related factors of sleep outcomes and visualized the electrodes position, simulated the MLE-engendered volume of tissue lesioned (VTL), and investigated sleep-related sweet/sour spots and laterality in STN. Results: MLE improves sleep quality with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) by 13.36% and Parkinson’s Disease Sleep Scale-2 (PDSS-2) by 17.95%. Motor (P = 0.014) and emotional (P = 0.001) improvements were both positively correlated with sleep improvements. However, MLE in STN associative subregions, as an independent factor, may cause sleep deterioration (r = 0.348, P = 0.002), and only the left STN showed significance (r = 0.327, P = 0.004). Sweet spot analysis also indicated part of the left STN associative subregion is the sour spot indicative of sleep deterioration. Conclusion: The MLE of STN-DBS can overall improve sleep quality in PD patients, with a positive correlation between motor and emotional improvements. However, independent of all other factors, the MLE in the STN associative subregion, particularly the left side, may cause sleep deterioration.
Analysis and Characterization of the Facial Skin Microbiota in Rosacea

Background: The evidence has shown the relationship between the microbiota of the face and several skin conditions. However, for rosacea patients, the changes in the facial skin microbiota still remain unknown. Objectives: This study was performed to explore the correlation between the facial skin microbiota and rosacea and analyze and characterize the facial skin microbiota of rosacea patients in comparison to healthy controls using 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. Methods: A total of 27 rosacea patients and 25 healthy controls were matched. The DNA was extracted from participants’ skin swabs taken from the nose, chin, forehead, and bilateral cheeks. The V3V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced using Illumina MiSeq technology. The diversity of the face skin microbiota was examined using alpha and beta diversity. Utilizing linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe), the quantitative study of biomarkers in the two groups was carried out. Clusters of orthologous groups and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes function predictions were made at the genus level utilizing phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states. Results: The alpha diversity of the facial skin microbiota increased significantly in rosacea patients, and beta diversity showed substantial differences between the rosacea and healthy control groups. The facial skin microbiota community structure changed in rosacea patients; however, the dominant strains were the same as in healthy controls, both being Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The LEfSe demonstrated that Xanthomonas, Acinetobacter, and Pseudomonas were enriched in the rosacea patients; nevertheless, Corynebacterium, Finegoldia, and Peptoniphilus were enriched in the healthy controls. The rosacea patients showed significantly decreased expression in the pathways of membrane transport, carbohydrate metabolism, metabolic diseases, amino acid transport and metabolism, carbohydrate transport and metabolism, transcription, and inorganic ion transport and metabolism. Conclusions: The facial skin microbiota diversity and community structure changed, and the expression of several metabolic pathways was downregulated in the rosacea patients in comparison to the healthy controls, which might outline new strategic methods for the surveillance, diagnosis, and treatment of rosacea.
Stable kagome lattices from group IV elements

A thorough investigation of three-dimensional kagome lattices of group IV elements is performed with first-principles calculations. The investigated kagome lattices of silicon and germanium are found to be of similar stability as the recently proposed carbon kagome lattice. Carbon and silicon kagome lattices are both direct-gap semiconductors but they have qualitatively different electronic band structures. While direct optical transitions between the valence and conduction bands are allowed in the carbon case, no such transitions can be observed for silicon. The kagome lattice of germanium exhibits semimetallic behavior but can be transformed into a semiconductor after compression.
Calcium Nutrition of Broilers: Current Perspectives and Challenges

Simple Summary Calcium (Ca) is essential for the skeletal growth and a plethora of other functions in broilers. Calcium is closely related to phosphorus (P) in terms of absorption and postabsorptive utilisation of both minerals. However, the oversupply of Ca and its potential antinutritive effects in commercial broiler diets are currently receiving attention. In recent decades, considerable attention has been directed towards the P nutrition of poultry because P is the third most expensive nutrient in poultry diets and is a major contributor to environmental pollution. To improve P utilisation and conservation, the poultry industry is moving to a digestible P system from the historically used nonphytate or available P. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop a digestible Ca system in order to meet the requirement of birds and generate accurate digestible Ca to digestible P ratios. During the last decade, considerable progress has been made to define the availability of Ca and P in terms of ileal digestibility. The specific aim of the present overview was to highlight the recent advances in the measurement of ileal Ca digestibility of Ca sources and digestible Ca requirement of broilers. Aspects of homeostatic control mechanisms, Ca sources and the factors influencing Ca digestibility are also addressed. Abstract Calcium (Ca) plays an essential role in poultry nutrition as 99% of Ca is located in birds’ skeletal system. However, oversupply of Ca rather than deficiency of Ca is the current concern in commercial broiler diets. Calcium is an inexpensive dietary nutrient due to the cheap and abundant availability of limestone, the major Ca source; therefore, little attention was given to the oversupply of Ca in the past. The recent shift in the use of digestible P in broiler feed formulations has necessitated a closer look at digestible Ca, as Ca and P are interrelated in their absorption and postabsorptive utilisation. In this context, data on ileal digestibility of Ca and P in ingredients has been determined. Preliminary data on the digestible Ca and digestible P requirements for the different growth stages of broilers have also recently become available. The present review focusses on these recent advances in Ca nutrition. In addition, aspects of homeostatic control mechanisms, different Ca sources and factors influencing Ca digestibility in poultry are covered.
Predictors of Psychological Strain and Allostatic Load in Teachers: Examining the Long-Term Effects of Biopsychosocial Risk and Protective Factors Using a LASSO Regression Approach

Teacher stress significantly challenges teachers’ health, teaching quality, and students’ motivation and achievement. Thus, it is crucial to identify factors that effectively prevent it. Using a LASSO regression approach, we examined which factors predict teachers’ psychological strain and allostatic load over two years. The study included 42 teachers (28 female, Mage = 39.66, SD = 11.99) and three measurement time points: At baseline, we assessed teachers’ (a) self-reports (i.e., on personality, coping styles, and psychological strain), (b) behavioral data (i.e., videotaped lessons), and (c) allostatic load (i.e., body mass index, blood pressure, and hair cortisol concentration). At 1- and 2-year follow-ups, psychological strain and allostatic load biomarkers were reassessed. Neuroticism and perceived student disruptions at baseline emerged as the most significant risk factors regarding teachers’ psychological strain two years later, while a positive core self-evaluation was the most important protective factor. Perceived support from other teachers and the school administration as well as adaptive coping styles were protective factors against allostatic load after two years. The findings suggest that teachers’ psychological strain and allostatic load do not primarily originate from objective classroom conditions but are attributable to teachers’ idiosyncratic perception of this environment through the lens of personality and coping strategies.
Caching Placement Optimization in UAV-Assisted Cellular Networks: A Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Framework

Capable of delivering contents offloaded from the base station (BS) to users, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has emerged as a crucial leverage to compensate for terrestrial BSs-based communication. However, the limited storage capacity of the UAV brings challenges to providing low-latency services for users. In this letter, we investigate the caching placement of the UAV for enhancing the timeliness of services. To overcome the unknown content popularity, proximal policy optimization (PPO) is adopted in the proposed algorithm. To be specific, we first propose a modified timeliness model, named effective age of information (EAoI), to comprehensively evaluate the timeliness of services. Then, we employ PPO to build a deep reinforcement learning framework for finding the optimal caching strategy adaptively. Extensive simulation results are provided to verify the superiority of the proposed scheme, in comparison with the conventional schemes.
Renal ectopic lipid deposition in rats with early-stage diabetic nephropathy evaluated by the MR mDixon-Quant technique: association with the expression of SREBP-1 and PPARα in renal tissue

Background Renal ectopic lipid deposition (ELD) plays a significant role in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). This study aimed to use the magnetic resonance (MR) mDixon-Quant technique to evaluate renal ELD and its association with the expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP-1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) in renal tissue. Methods Seventy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into experimental (n=50) and control groups (n=20). A high-fat diet combined with low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) was administered to the experimental group to establish a type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) model. The rats received renal mDixon-Quant scans and blood lipid and histopathological examinations in batches after the T2DM model was established. According to the histopathological findings, the included rats were stratified into control and early DN groups. Renal fat fraction (FF), blood lipid level, the ratio of the integrated optical density of intracellular lipid droplets and the total area of all the cells (IOD/TAC), and the expression of SREBP-1 and PPARɑ in renal tissue were analyzed. Results Compared to the controls, renal FF, IOD/TAC, the expression of SREBP-1 in renal tissue, and serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were higher in the early DN group, while the expression of PPARɑ in renal tissue and the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level were lower (all P values <0.001). Renal FF gradually increased with the progression of disease [r=0.810 (95% CI: 0.675–0.928), P<0.001]. Positive correlations between renal FF and each of the following: TC, TG, LDL, IOD/TAC, and the expression of SREBP-1 [r=0.479 (95% CI: 0.353–0.640, P=0.012), 0.576 (95% CI: 0.283–0.842, P=0.002), 0.441 (95% CI: 0.305–0.606, P=0.021), 0.911 (95% CI: 0.809–0.964, P<0.001) and 0.800 (95% CI: 0.640–0.910, P<0.001), respectively] and negative correlations between renal FF and each of the following: HDL and the expression of PPARɑ [r=−0.611 (95% CI: −0.809 to −0.469, P=0.001) and −0.748 (95% CI: −0.886 to −0.585, P<0.001), respectively] were found. Conclusions Renal lipid deposition evaluated by the MR mDixon-Quant technique is associated with the blood lipid level, histological fat quantification, and the expression of SREBP-1 and PPARɑ in renal tissue. The renal FF value might serve as a biomarker for better understanding of renal lipid metabolism in early-stage DN.
Prehospital Management of Pediatric Behavioral Health Emergencies: A Scoping Review

Pediatric behavioral health emergencies (BHE) are increasing in prevalence, yet there are no evidence-based guidelines or protocols for prehospital management. The primary objective of this scoping review is to identify prehospital-specific pediatric BHE research and publicly available emergency medical services (EMS) protocols for pediatric BHE. Secondary objectives include identifying the next priorities for research and EMS protocol considerations for children with neurodevelopmental conditions. This is a scoping review comprised of a research literature search for publications from 2012-2022 and an internet search for publicly available EMS protocols from the United States. Included publications contain data on the epidemiology of pediatric BHE or describe prehospital management of pediatric BHE. EMS protocols were included if they had advisements specific to pediatric BHE. A total of 50 research publications and EMS protocols from 43 states were screened. Seven publications and four protocols were included in this study. Research studies indicated an increase in pediatric BHE over the last decade, but few papers discuss current prehospital management (n=4). Two EMS protocols were specific to pediatric BHE or pediatric agitation, and the other two EMS protocols focused on adult populations with integrated pediatric recommendations. All four EMS protocols encouraged nonpharmaceutical interventions prior to the use of pharmacologic restraints. Although there is a substantial rise in pediatric BHE, there is sparse research data and clinical EMS protocols to support best practices for prehospital pediatric BHE management. This scoping review identifies important future research aims to inform best practices for the prehospital management of pediatric BHE.
Chemical Process Fault Diagnosis Based on Improved ResNet Fusing CBAM and SPP

This paper proposes a fault diagnosis method based on an improved residual network (ResNet) for complex chemical processes. The method can automatically and efficiently extract fault features from the extensive data generated by the chemical operation process. The improvement is carried out in three aspects. Firstly, 1D convolution is introduced in the construction of the model to reduce the number of parameters and training time, and shortcut connections are used to alleviate the network degradation problem of traditional deep neural networks. Second, a residual-CBAM module is proposed by combining residual networks with Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM). This module can effectively reduce the interference of invalid targets and improve the characterization ability of the model. Finally, based on the backbone path of the network, the branching path after spatial pyramid pooling (SPP) is introduced to enable the network to extract features from different angles of the feature map and further aggregation, which improves the robustness of the model. The Tennessee-Eastman (TE) process is used as the experimental object to compare the improved ResNet with several other deep learning models. The experimental results show that the improved ResNet model achieves the best fault diagnosis results. The t-SNE method was used to visualize the fault classification process by the improved ResNet model, and the effectiveness of the improved ResNet model was further analyzed and verified.
An empirical analysis of the relationship between FDI and economic growth in Tanzania

Abstract This study examines causal relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows and economic growth in Tanzania during 1990–2020. As financial development and trade were not incorporated in extant studies, we included them as intermediate variables because of their intermediation role in this study. FDI inflow is considered an important economic growth catalyst in developing economies. Neoclassical growth theories claim that it enhances economic growth by augmenting capital stock and technology. According to the neoclassical theories, FDI does not enhance the long-run growth rate but instead is related to the level of output. However, empirical evidence is rather mixed, with some supporting the neoclassical theoretical views on economic growth, while others opposing them. We employ the autoregressive distributed lag model and Granger causality tests to analyze the relationship. The results indicate that there exists a long-run relationship among the variables under considerations in Tanzania. Furthermore, the finding reveals positive and statistically significant unidirectional causality running from FDI inflow to economic growth in Tanzania in the long and short run. Hence, we conclude that Tanzania should emphasize FDI-led growth policies to enhance economic growth to realize the desired economic objectives.
Evolution of Toughening Mechanisms in PH13-8Mo Stainless Steel during Aging Treatment

PH13-8Mo stainless steel has been widely used in aerospace, petroleum and marine construction, obtaining continuous investigation attention in recent years. Based on the response of a hierarchical martensite matrix and possible reversed austenite, a systematic investigation of the evolution of the toughening mechanisms in PH13-8Mo stainless steel as a function of aging temperature was carried out. It showed there was a desirable combination of high yield strength (~1.3 GPa) and V-notched impact toughness (~220 J) after aging between 540 and 550 °C. With the increase of aging temperature, the martensite matrix was recovered in terms of the refined sub-grains and higher ratio of high-angle grain boundaries (HAGBs). It should be noted there was a reversion of martensite to form austenite films subjected to aging above 540 °C; meanwhile, the NiAl precipitates maintained a well-coherent orientation with the matrix. Based on the post mortem analysis, there were three stages of the changing main toughening mechanisms: Stage I: low-temperature aging at around 510 °C, where the HAGBs contributed to the toughness by retarding the advance of cracks; Stage II: intermediate-temperature aging at around 540 °C, where the recovered laths embedded by soft austenite facilitated the improvement of toughness by synergistically increasing the advance path and blunting the crack tips; and Stage III: without the coarsening of NiAl precipitates around 560 °C, more inter-lath reversed austenite led to the optimum toughness, relying on “soft barrier” and transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effects.
Molecular technologies ending with ‘omics’: The driving force toward sustainable plant production and protection

As the global population is surging, the agricultural industry is required to meet the food demand while simultaneously providing eco-friendly sustainable crops that can withstand numerous abiotic and biotic stresses. The current era requires high-throughput biotechnology approaches to alleviate the current plant production and protection crisis. Omics approaches are regarded as a collection of high throughput technologies ending with “omics” such as genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, phenomics and epigenomics. Furthermore, omics provide the best tactic to increase high quality crop production yield. A body of evidence has shown that microbial diversity, abundance, composition, functional gene patterns, and metabolic pathways at the genome level could also assist in understanding the contributions of the microbial community towards plant growth and protection. In addition, the link between plant genomes and phenotypes under physiological and environmental settings is highlighted by the integration of functional genomics with other omics. However, application of single omics technologies results in one disciplinary solution while raising multiple questions without answers. To address these challenges, we need to find new age solutions. For instance, omics technologies focusing on plant production and protection. Multi-layered information gathered from systems biology provides a comprehensive understanding of molecular regulator networks for improving plant growth and protection, which is supported by large-scale omics datasets. The conclusion drawn from the in-depth information is the holistic integration of multi-disciplinary omics approaches to pave the way towards eco-friendly, sustainable, agricultural productivity.
Spinal fentanyl for primary total hip arthroplasty: A double-edged sword? A clinical audit data analysis

Hip surgery is usually performed on frail and elderly patients. Therefore, tailoring the anaesthetic management to the comorbidity is essential. Neuraxial and regional anaesthetic techniques have been related to multiple benefits in these patients, even in terms of mortality. The synergic effect of spinal local anaesthetics (LAs) and opioids provide additional analgesic effects and allows a reduction of the LA dose, and this reduces haemodynamic derangement and the risk of systemic toxicity. [1] Lipophilic and hydrophilic opioids can be used for this purpose. The shorter half-life and the adverse effects of lipophilic opioids limit their analgesic benefits to the intraoperative period. They exert their effects at the regional and systemic levels but have lower spinal selectivity. [2] Hydrophilic opioids have greater cranial diffusion in the cerebrospinal fluid and a longer duration of action, and hence, the risk of the appearance of side effects, particularly, respiratory depression, is prolonged over time.