Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automated Analysis of Pedestrians’ Nonconforming Behavior and Data Collection at an Urban Crossing

This paper addresses the automated analysis of pedestrians’ conformance behavior and data collection in an intersection with a perceived high rate of traffic conflicts involving pedestrians. The intersection is located in the Downtown Eastside of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Despite implementation of countermeasures such as reducing the speed limit, safety issues linger at the intersection. The intersection is characterized by a high pedestrian volume and considerable crossing violations by pedestrians, which elevate the safety risk and disrupt vehicle traffic flow. A challenge in performing pedestrian road safety analysis is the shortfall of reliable data. Recent advances in automated detection of pedestrians through the use of computer vision expanded the range of applications in traffic safety. In this study, an automated system for identifying pedestrian crossing nonconformance to traffic regulations by using pattern matching was developed and tested. The results show satisfactory accuracy in detecting both spatial and temporal violations, with the detection rate for violations being more than 84% correct. The automated collection of pedestrian data on crossing speed and counts is also demonstrated with high accuracy. The availability of these data is important for diagnosing the safety issues at the intersection and for justifying capital for implementing pedestrian safety countermeasures.
A Robust Dlqg Controller for Damping of Sub-synchronous Oscillations in a Series Compensated Power System

This paper investigates the use of Discrete Linear Quadratic Gaussian (DLQG) Compensator to damp sub synchronous oscillations in a Thyrisor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) compensated power system. The study is conducted on IEEE First Benchmark Model (FBM) in which, TCSC is modelled as a discrete linear time-invariant modular unit in the synchronously rotating DQ reference frame. This modular TCSC is then integrated with the Linear Time Invariant (LTI) model of the rest of the system. The design of DLQG includes the design of a Kalman filter for full state estimation and a full state feedback for control. Since the order of the controller is as large as the order of the system considered here(27 states), the practical implementation of the controller is difficult. Hence by using Hankels norm approximation technique, the order of the controller is reduced from 27 to 15 without losing the significant system dynamics. The eigen analysis of the system shows that the use of DLQG can damp torsional oscillations as well as the swing mode oscillations simultaneously, which is practically difficult for a conventional sub-synchronous damping controller. The performance of the system with DLQG is appreciable for all operating conditions and it shows the robustness of the controller.
Anticipation and the adaptive control of safety margins in driving

Driving is a task that requires the timely detection of critical events and relevant changes in traffic circumstances. Adaptation of speed and safety margins allows drivers to control the time available to react to potential hazards. One of the basic safety margins in driving is the time headway preserved with respect to cars ahead. To avoid rear-end collisions, drivers have to detect decelerations of lead cars. It can be assumed that fast or abrupt decelerations of the lead car are detected faster than slow or gradual decelerations. Moreover, expected decelerations are presumably detected faster than unexpected decelerations. Drivers' responses to rather abrupt and more gradual decelerations of the lead were investigated in a driving simulator. Situational traffic cues were used to manipulate the driver's expectations. Drivers adjusted the timing of their responses very well to the level of deceleration of the lead car. If cues in the environment indicated that the lead car was likely to decelerate, driv.
Exploration of Teisi Knoll by autonomous underwater vehicle "R-One robot"

Outlines the exploration of Teisi Knoll by the autonomous underwater vehicle the R-One Robot, as carried out October 19-22, 2000, and presents images taken by the sidescan sonar fitted to the bottom of the vehicle. The R-One Robot was launched from the R/V Kaiyo, started diving near the support ship, followed pre-determined tracklines which were defined by waypoints and finally came back to the destination where it was recovered by the support vessel. In order to minimize positioning error, which is determined by the inertial navigation system and Doppler sonar, the robot ascended to the surface several times to ascertain its precise position using the Global Positioning System, the antenna of which is fitted on the vertical fin. Taking advantage of this positioning system, the robot followed the pre-determined tracklines with an error of less than 40 meters in 30 minutes of continuous diving. Disturbance to the robot is small enough compared to towed vehicles that its movement can be regarded as stable. This stability resulted in clear side scanning images of the knoll and the surrounding sea floor. The robot stopped at the center of the knoll, and descended vertically into the crater. When the vehicle was in the crater, anomalous manganese ion concentrations were detected by the in situ trace metal micro-analyzer GAMOS at the front of the robot.
PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSES AMONG GHANAIAN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN: A CASE STUDY OF NEW ELITE INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

The study focused on ascertaining the phonological processes that characterize the speech patterns of some selected preschool children. Data was collected from a sample of ten (10) pupils from ages 1-5 spanning the accepted age range for pupils to be in preschool in Ghana. Productions of the participants on words were recorded and later analyzed to determine the phonological processes present. It was found that the phonological processes that characterized the speech of the sample are syllable structure processes (e.g. cluster reduction); substitutions; and insertions. Further, it was found that age has a role to play in the presence of phonological processes in the speech of an individual. It was found however that some of the pupils were able to correctly articulate sounds when they were repeated to them. The study recommends that this study be extended to other school children in the country as well as teachers and other stakeholders towards ensuring the school-going children learn English pronunciation the right way. Article visualizations:
Primary Frequency Control Strategy of DFIG Based on Hopfield Neural Network

This paper presents a new method to enhance the participation of doubly fed induction generators (DFIG) effectively in system frequency regulation. A new associated control based on Hopfield neural network (HNN) is proposed to control the rotor kinetic energy and the primary reserve power of DFIG simultaneously. The proposed approach takes advantage of the learning ability of neural network to form an adaptable Hopfield neural network controller (HNNC). And the feasibility of all those control strategies is analyzed in a Two-area four-generator system based on PSCAD/EMTDC. Simulation results indicate that the proposed strategy can greatly improve system frequency stability compared with classical strategies.
Study of English Pronunciation Quality Evaluation System with Tone and Emotion Analysis Capabilities

During the study of English sentence pronunciation evaluation system, we found that sentence pronunciation emotion and intonation evaluation are very important. Probabilistic neural network has been used to study English sentence pronunciation emotion, and DTW (Dynamic Time Warping) algorithm has been used in the intonation analysis. The probability neural network basic principle is introduced in this paper. An emotion recognition algorithm based on MFCC（Mel Frequency Cepstrum Coefficient）is present. The keynote and energy of the sentences are used to analyse the accuracy of the tones. The experimental results of the proposed method effectiveness are given.
Fiber optic displacement sensing monitored by an OTDR and referenced by Fresnel reflection and by fiber Bragg gratings

This work presents a study of displacement sensing based on a fiber eight geometry shape monitored by an optical time domain reflectometer. The displacement sensor is referenced by Fresnel reflection or by a fiber Bragg grating structure located after the sensor. One of the advantages of the fiber Bragg grating as referencing device is its capability to be multiplexed by a number of displacement sensors in series along the optical fiber. This concept is also demonstrated using two Bragg gratings. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 768–770, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22261
Probabilistic voltage stability assessment considering renewable sources with the help of the PV and QV curves

The use of renewable energy sources has increased year-on-year. Thus, there is an increasing rate of small generating units connected directly to distribution networks and micro-grids close to consumers. At the same time, these micro-sources must provide stability and reliability of electrical energy to the power network to which they are connected. In the technical literature, several studies have been done to ensure power systems with traditional generating sources to operate in a stable and reliable way, but there is an issue regarding generation uncertainty when a distribution system has many micro-sources. This is because of the uncertainty of primary sources, for example, wind and radiation intensity, and could result in intermittent generation. In this study, stability and reliability of voltage in a power system with distributed generation is analysed using simulation techniques. In the proposed method in this study voltage security analysis is jointly considered with probability laws. Moreover reliability theory is also considered in the proposed voltage collapse analysis methodology. The responsibility of generator in the voltage collapse process, the probabilistic risk of voltage collapse of each operating point and the probability of enlarging the system load as a function of different operating points are the outcome of the methodology, and it is validated by using the IEEE34 test feeder.
An efficient multiclass classifier for classification of Alzheimer's disease/mild cognitive impairment/Normal subjects

Typically, in sparse representation‐based classifiers, the weight associated with each training sample is ignored, resulting in reduced accuracy. Moreover, individual binary classifiers solved a multiclass problem. It requires more time as multiple runs are needed to compute the accuracy. In this paper, we propose a novel optimal sparse representation‐based classifier. It solves the ternary classification problem with improved accuracy in a single run. The ternary classification considers Alzheimer's disease versus mild cognitive impairment versus normal control in a single run. A two‐stage sparse representation model is used to design the proposed classifier. To update the weight coefficients, we suggest a regularized Levenberg–Marquardt learning. It allows selecting a subset of significant training samples. To determine the appropriate subset size, we investigate an objective function in terms of classification accuracy. For optimization, we suggest a hybrid particle swarm optimization–squirrel search technique. The experiment conducted on the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database shows our method outperforms other state‐of‐the‐art methods in terms of computation time and accuracy. The use of different training–testing partition ratios makes the proposed method immune to biased results, overfitting, and underfitting difficulties. Moreover, results are obtained from 100 iterations to confirm its stability. The suggested model may be helpful for further research in medical image analysis.
Boron neutron capture therapy and add-on bevacizumab in patients with recurrent malignant glioma.

BACKGROUND Although boron neutron capture therapy has shown excellent survival data, previous studies have shown an increase in radiation necrosis against recurrent malignant glioma. Herein, we proposed that bevacizumab may reduce radiation injury from boron neutron capture therapy by re-irradiation. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of a boron neutron capture therapy and add-on bevacizumab combination therapy in patients with recurrent malignant glioma. METHODS Patients with recurrent malignant glioma were treated with reactor-based boron neutron capture therapy. Treatment with bevacizumab (10 mg/kg) was initiated 1-4 weeks after boron neutron capture therapy and was administered every 2-3 weeks until disease progression. Initially diagnosed glioblastomas were categorized as primary glioblastoma, whereas other forms of malignant glioma were categorized as non-primary glioblastoma. RESULTS Twenty-five patients (14 with primary glioblastoma and 11 with non-primary glioblastoma) were treated with boron neutron capture therapy and add-on bevacizumab. The 1-year survival rate for primary glioblastoma and non-primary glioblastoma was 63.5% (95% confidence interval: 33.1-83.0) and 81.8% (95% confidence interval: 44.7-95.1), respectively. The median overall survival was 21.4 months (95% confidence interval: 7.0-36.7) and 73.6 months (95% confidence interval: 11.4-77.2) for primary glioblastoma and non-primary glioblastoma, respectively. The median progression-free survival was 8.3 months (95% confidence interval: 4.2-12.1) and 15.6 months (95% confidence interval: 3.1-29.8) for primary glioblastoma and non-primary glioblastoma, respectively. Neither pseudoprogression nor radiation necrosis were identified during bevacizumab treatment. Alopecia occurred in all patients. Six patients experienced adverse events ≥grade 3. CONCLUSIONS Boron neutron capture therapy and add-on bevacizumab provided a long overall survival and a long progression-free survival in recurrent malignant glioma compared with previous studies on boron neutron capture therapy alone. The add-on bevacizumab may reduce the detrimental effects of boron neutron capture therapy, including pseudoprogression and radiation necrosis. Further studies of the combination therapy with a larger sample size and a randomized controlled design are warranted.
Sustainable performance of industrial assets: the role of PAS 55-1&2 and human factors

Asset-intensive organisations are under rising pressure from their stakeholders to realise the optimum level of exploiting assets to achieve a balanced and sustainable performance (SP) over their life cycle. However, industrial organisational structures delineated along traditional disciplines fail to provide an asset-centric focus. Accomplishing SP in an asset-intensive organisation depends on the ability of the human authority in an organisational hierarchy to maintain different asset operations align with sustainable considerations. The level of physical assets' integrity in a particular industrial setting depends on the personnel ability for acquisition, exploitation (includes design and operation), maintenance, modification and disposal of critical assets and properties within the limits of universally accepted norms. Thus, human factor (HF) is a central measure to evaluate the ‘integrity’ of physical assets in asset management as the ‘integrity’ is a characteristic that human beings can have. The publically available specification (PAS) which is published by British Standards Institution (BSI) provides specification (PAS-1) and guidelines (PAS-2) for managing integrity of physical assets towards SP. This manuscript demonstrates the role of PAS 5-1&2 and HFs achieving SP. It also proposes a framework and its implementation methodology to mitigate unwanted events due to human errors leading to organisational weaknesses.
Open-channel flows through emergent rigid vegetation: Effects of bed roughness and shallowness on the flow structure and surface waves

Free-surface flows through a staggered cylinder array were investigated in an open-channel flume. The cylinders simulated rigid emergent vegetation. Specifically, we studied four flow cases with a two-factor design comprising flow rate (7 and 13 l s−1) and bed-surface state (hydraulically rough and smooth). We have primarily assessed the effects of bed roughness and shallowness on the time-averaged flow structure and the transverse fluctuating flow motion in the cylinder wake. Secondarily, the effects of the former on the vortex-shedding-induced surface waves were quantified. To gain further insight into the bed roughness effect on flow structure, we conducted transient flow simulations using a hybrid Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes/Large Eddy Simulation turbulence model. For all cases, downstream of a cylinder, an upward flow occurs and two counterrotating secondary current cells develop. The two cells bring high-momentum fluid from the high-speed region into the cylinder wake, resulting in a near-bed streamwise velocity-bulge. The measured upward flow and velocity-bulge are greater for the rough-bed cases than for the smooth-bed cases. The simulated upward flow and velocity-bulge increase with an increasing roughness height, while secondary currents decay faster in the longitudinal direction. For the rough-bed cases, in the cylinder wake, the transverse fluctuating flow motion is hindered by the rough-bed induced turbulence over the whole water column, irrespective of the shallowness level. Coupled with the fluctuating flow motion, we have observed for three flow cases noticeable surface oscillations (termed “seiche waves”), whose amplitude decreases with decreasing flow depth. Under the combined effects of strong shallowness and a rough bed, seiche waves vanished.
Development of a structurally integrated conformal load-bearing multifunction antenna: overview of the Air Force Smart Skin Structures Technology Demonstration Program

The Structures Division of the Air Force's Wright Laboratory is sponsoring the development and demonstration of a new high pay-off technology termed CLAS--Conformal Load Bearing Antenna Structures. Northrop Grumman Corporation and TRW/ASD are developing the technology under the `Smart-Skin Structure Technology Demonstration (S3D)' program, contract, No. F33615-93-C-3200. The program goal is to design, develop, fabricate, and test a CLAS component and lay the foundation for future work where potential benefits from structurally integrated antennas may be realized. Key issues will focus but are not limited to the design, structures, and manufacturing aspects of antenna embedment into load bearing aircraft structures. Results from Phase I of the program have been previously reported, where initial pay-offs in reducing overall airframe acquisition and support cost, weight, signature, and drag were quantitatively and qualitatively identified. A full-sized CLAS component, featuring a broadband multi-arm spiral embedded in sandwich stiffened structure, will be fabricated and tested for static strength, durability, and damage tolerance. Basic electrical performance, (e.g. radiation patterns, gain, and impedance) will also be verified; however, extensive electrical validation will be the subject of further work. Key aspects of the work and progress to date are detailed below.
High Power Normally-OFF GaN/AlGaN HEMT with Regrown p Type GaN

In this paper is presented a Normally-OFF GaN HEMT (High Electron Mobility Transistor) device using p-doped GaN barrier layer regrown by CBE (Chemical Beam Epitaxy). The impact of the p doping on the device performance is investigated using TCAD simulator (Silvaco/Atlas). With 4E17 cm−3 p doping, a Vth of 1.5 V is achieved. Four terminal breakdowns of the fabricated device are investigated, and the origin of the device failure is identified.
Fermented Coffee Grounds Diminish Livestock Odors: A Microbiome Study

Livestock odors are unavoidable problems in modern industrial society. We foresaw a role for fermented organic wastes in controlling odorous gases. In this study, we applied fermented coffee grounds to the floor area of a dairy cow barn and assessed alterations in odor compounds and a microbial shift over a period of three weeks. The treatment dramatically reduced ten odor compounds (more than 50%), highlighting the utility of fermented coffee grounds as an excellent product to reduce odors derived from cow manure. By the end of the treatment, the microbial consortium showed increases in rare families whose prevalence and abundance before the treatment had been low. Network analysis manifested 23 bacterial families dominant in fermented coffee grounds, negatively connected with odorous compounds, indicating potential odor-reducing bacterial families. This study provides an insight into using bacteria at the community level as a treatment to solve an environmental issue; simultaneously, it suggests proper usage of organic wastes by recycling them as fermenters for beneficial bacteria.
Pre-Clinical Research Advancements Relating to Improving the Diagnosis and Treatment of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: A Review

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare, aggressive cancer of the lung lining that is predominantly associated with occupational exposure to asbestos. MPM is responsible for thousands of deaths worldwide every year, with the median survival of MPM of 8–14 months. There are limited biomarkers available in the clinic to effectively diagnose MPM, an invasive biopsy procedure is usually required to provide a definitive diagnosis. Due to the long latency period associated with MPM disease presentation, the cancer is usually at an advanced stage at the time of diagnosis where treatment options are largely ineffective at controlling disease progression. Previous MPM-based pre-clinical studies have made significant strides in determining the exact molecular mechanisms associated with asbestos carcinogenesis. Exploring less invasive blood-based biomarkers and treatment strategies involving targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and virotherapy is particularly important. Research in these areas is of crucial importance in relation to improving the rate of novel diagnostic biomarkers and treatment strategies progressing through to clinical trials and ultimately into the clinical setting. This review comprehensively summarises both previous and current pre-clinical research developments that have specifically contributed to an improved understanding of MPM disease biology, and the development of novel diagnostic biomarkers and treatment strategies.
CIGRE WG 13.06 studies on the reliability of single pressure SF/sub 6/-gas high-voltage circuit-breakers

The final results of the CIGRE second international enquiry on the reliability of high voltage circuit-breakers in service are presented. In the seventies the first international enquiry, that covered all technology circuit-breakers, was conducted. The second international enquiry (from 1.1.88 to 31.12.91) was limited to single pressure SF/sub 6/ gas circuit-breakers, thus showing the improvements due to this technology. The main conclusion is that the reliability concerning major failures has increased considerably and that the maintainability of modern SF/sub 6/ circuit-breakers is much better than the older technology circuit-breakers. Also the conclusions from several other studies, based on the results of the enquiries, are presented. The publication of this paper, as a result of an international effort by CIGRE SC 13, is sponsored by the IEEE Switchgear Committee in order to support this valuable contribution to the industry and to continue the cooperation between the two organizations.