Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High speed GaN micro-light-emitting diode arrays for data communications

Micro light-emitting diode (micro-LED) arrays based on an AlInGaN structure have attracted much interest recently as light sources for data communications. Visible light communication (VLC), over free space or plastic optical fibre (POF), has become a very important technique in the role of data transmission. The micro-LEDs which are reported here contain pixels ranging in diameter from 14 to 84μm and can be driven directly using a high speed probe or via complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The CMOS arrays allow for easy, computer control of individual pixels within arrays containing up to 16×16 elements. The micro-LEDs best suited for data transmission have peak emissions of 450nm or 520nm, however various other wavelengths across the visible spectrum can also be used. Optical modulation bandwidths of over 400MHz have been achieved as well as error-free (defined as an error rate of <1x10-10) data transmission using on-off keying (OOK) non-return-to-zero (NRZ) modulation at data rates of over 500Mbit/s over free space. Also, as a step towards a more practical multi-emitter data transmitter, the frequency response of a micro-LED integrated with CMOS circuitry was measured and found to be up to 185MHz. Despite the reduction in bandwidth compared to the bare measurements using a high speed probe, a good compromise is achieved from the additional control available to select each pixel. It has been shown that modulating more than one pixel simultaneously can increase the data rate. As work continues in this area, the aim will be to further increase the data transmission rate by modulating more pixels on a single device to transmit multiple parallel data channels simultaneously.
Climate Forecasts and Flood Planning under the Reign of ENSO

This paper examines the use of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) forecasts for flood planning in the Pacific Northwest. The investigation relies on (1) case studies of three counties vulnerable to flooding that have had access to long-term forecasts of ENSO conditions, and (2) examination of data collected from a survey of nearly 60 local emergency managers, planners and public works staff. Results suggest that climate forecasts can facilitate flood planning when used by public and private policy entrepreneurs to build political support for flood mitigation measures. Understanding the social processes and regulatory machinery involved in applying these forecasts is critical to their more effective use. This use could be promoted by an extension service to disseminate climate information and proactive efforts to identify and work with entrepreneurial hazard planners and managers.
Leakage current and performance loss of thin film solar modules

Due to the system voltage, solar modules in power plants have to withstand continuous high bias voltages between the absorber/conductive layers of the solar module and the grounded mounting structure. Mon et al.1, 2 showed in several publications during the 1980s that the charge transferred by this electrical field is leading to strong electrochemical degradation effects in the modules, both crystalline and thin-film. The bias voltage, especially for thin film modules, can cause transparent conductive oxide (TCO) corrosion via sodium diffusion through the glass together with the presence of water molecules in the TCO/glass interface.3, 4 Based on these previous works, we analyzed the accelerated degradation effects as well as the end of life conditions of different module technologies and module designs. By means of indoor climate chamber and outdoor experiments and based on a simple model we give an example of service life time in terms of electrochemical damage due to high bias voltages caused by the PV system voltage.
Exponential, Gamma, and Power Law Distributions in Information Flow on a Construction Site

This paper examines the statistical distributions of interarrival and response times for construction-site correspondence. Data from a number of construction projects are analyzed and hypotheses are proposed and tested to link the probability distribution to the type of correspondence. Although the commonly assumed exponential distribution of interarrival times is found to be accurate for all types of correspondence, the response times for different types of correspondence follow different distributions depending on the type of correspondence. In particular, a power law relationship is observed between incidence frequency and response time for requests for information. Knowing the statistical distributions for a class of events helps managers forecast future work and manage risk. Simulation models used by practitioners and researchers for various project management goals are also improved by incorporating appropriate statistical distributions for generating various events.
Design and Performance Analysis of 10-Stage Voltage Doublers RF Energy Harvesting Circuit for Wireless Sensor Network

Continuous power supply is very important issue in the purpose of the application of wireless sensor networks. But in the power system of WSN, the battery has a very limited lifetime and is not replaced yet by any other continuous power system. Many researchers are performing several analyses about the energy harvesting circuit of WSNs power system. In this paper, such approach was also performed, with radio frequencies used as input power of energy harvesting circuit for wireless sensor networks. RF energy harvesting technology is not new, but it is able to harvest a minute amount of energy which is not sufficient to continuous power to the node of WSN. In this work, an optimization of the voltage doublers stages in an energy conversion module for Radio Frequency (RF) energy harvesting system at 950 MHz band is presented. Advanced design system (ADS) simulator was used to design a 10-stage voltage multiplier RF energy harvesting circuit, which produces approximately 5 Volt at 0 dBm and maximum 36.489 Voltage. Two 10 stage voltage multipliers were designed and the Agilent diode HSMS-2850 and HSMS-2822 were compared, and finally, it was confirmed that the HSMS-2850 works much better than HSMS-2822 diode. The proposed system can be used to power low power sensors in sensor networks ultimately in place of batteries.
H ∞ repetitive voltage control of gridconnected inverters with a frequency adaptive mechanism

A voltage controller is proposed and implemented for grid-connected inverters based on H∞ and repetitive control techniques. A frequency adaptive mechanism is introduced to improve system performance and to cope with grid frequency variations. The repetitive control, based on the internal model principle, offers excellent performance for voltage tracking, as it can deal with a very large number of harmonics simultaneously. This leads to a very low total harmonic distortion and improved tracking performance. It turns out that the controller can be reduced to a proportional gain cascaded with the internal model (in a re-arranged form), which can be easily implemented in real applications. The proposed controller is experimentally tested to validate its performance, focusing on reducing tracking error and total harmonic distortion, under different scenarios (e.g. in the stand-alone mode or in the grid-connected mode, with or without the frequency adaptive mechanism, with linear or non-linear loads etc).
Technology development in construction: a continuum from distant past into the future

This paper deals with the historical and current trends in the development of civil engineering and construction technologies. The authors demonstrate the continuity of creative thought and effort among early master builders and technology developers throughout the history of civilizations that created the most iconic structures remaining in the world heritage of the built environment to the contemporary times. Recent concepts and ongoing efforts in the development of advanced construction technologies based on automation and information sciences, materials science and systems engineering are highlighted in the context of historical ideas and achievements of past architects and construction engineers of the past century.
PROCEEDINGS of the HUMAN FACTORS SOCIETY-26th ANNUAL MEETING-I982 THE DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPUTER SIMULATION MODEL OF DRIVER PERFORMANCE TO PREDICT ACCIDENT PROBABILITY

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) is sponsoring the development of a computer simulation model of driverlvehicle system performance in various accidently likely traffic scenarios. Its acronym is DRIVEM ( E v e r Vehicle Effectiveness Model). By modeling driver detection of critical events (e.g., lead car deceleration), evasive maneuver decision making, control inputs, and the subsequent vehicle trajectory, DRIVEM can translate the diverse research data on driver performance into quantitative predictions of accident probability. When the model is fully developed, NHTSA will have an analytic tool to permit it to quickly and inexpensively compare alternative crash avoidance measures. This paper summarizes the development of DRIVEM, its submodels, its limitations, and needed refinements.
Performance analysis of channel aware frequency hopping

An efficient method is presented to evaluate the performance of a channel-aware multiple-access scheme based on slow frequency hopping (CAFH) with r rounds. In contrast to conventional FH, which uses a channel state independent hopping sequence, the transmitter in the channel aware scheme hops to the available frequency subband which currently has the largest transmission gain. It is shown that this scheme can offer significant performance improvements over conventional FH at the cost of a more complex transmitter structure. The resulting closed-form expressions are used to investigate the effect of the number, r, of rounds on the error probability for a cellular communication system. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the application of the new analysis.
The Frequency Distribution of Current Magnitudes of Lightning Strokes to Tall Structures

The frequency distribution of stroke current magnitudes proposed in the literature are examined to evaluate the influences nces that the height and type of structure have on the distribution of current magnitudes observed in the structures. These analyses have been performed using a three-dimensional electro-geometric model1. Results indicate that both the height and the type of the structure on which current measurements are made significantly influence the observed frequency distribution. It is suggested that these effects contribute to the differences existing between alternative distributions found in the literature.
Round bale wheat hay storage losses.

Storage losses in large round bales of wheat hay were evaluated for two stages of forage maturity, two bale types, six storage methods, and two bale orientations. Wheat hay baled in the boot stage of maturity had greater storage losses than bales in the mid-head stage. Fixed-chamber bales in the boot stage had lower dry matter losses than variable-chamber bales. Fixed-chamber bales stored on the ground without covers had a 11.9% dry matter loss while variable-chamber bales had 19.2% loss. Storing fixed-chamber bales on pallets reduced dry matter loss to 7.2%. Bale orientation did not affect dry matter losses, but did affect changes in quality.
Case study: Honda of America Manufacturing, Inc.: Can lean production practices increase environmental performance?

This article covers the strategic, organizational, and operational decisions involved in one automobile manufacturer's efforts to balance its goals of productivity and high quality with the more elusive goal of environmental responsibility. The case material is based on the real-life experiences of Honda of America's two manufacturing plants in East Liberty and Marysville, Ohio. The case unfolds as the environmental manager in charge of the two plants faces the pending visit of her corporate boss from Tokyo, who has made it clear that environmental issues are of growing importance in Honda's overall direction. ISO 14000, the new environmental quality standards being adopted by some other manufacturers, serves as a focusing issue for the environmental manager's thinking, but this issue is really representative of a wider challenge facing the Ohio plants: balancing Honda's core mission of producing the best cars at the lowest cost possible, and being a responsible actor in the environmental arena. Complicating this challenge, the environmental manager has to negotiate another tension common in global manufacturing firms today: balancing the influence of Honda's corporate headquarters in Japan with the local and regional context at its American plant sites.
Appropriate small dam management for minimizing catchment‐wide safety threats: International benchmarked guidelines and demonstrative cases studies

Small dam safety is generally being ignored. The potential for dam failure resulting in catastrophic consequences for downstream communities, property, and the environment, warrants exploration of the threats and policy issues associated with the management of small/farm dams. The paper achieves this through a comparative analysis of differing levels of dam safety assurance policy: absent, driven, strong, and model. A strategic review is undertaken to establish international dam safety policy benchmarks and to identify a best practice model. A cost‐effective engineering/accounting tool is presented to assist the policy selection process and complement the best practice model. The paper then demonstrates the significance of the small‐dam safety problem with a case study of four Australian States,policy‐absent South Australia, policy‐driven Victoria, policy‐strong New South Wales, and policy‐modelTasmania. Surveys of farmer behavior practices provide empirical evidence of the importance of policy and its proper implementation. Both individual and cumulative farm dam failure threats are addressed and, with supporting empirical evidence, the need for “appropriate” supervision of small dams is demonstrated. The paper adds to the existing international dam policy literature by identifying acceptable minimum level practice in private/farm dam safety assurance policy as well as updated international best practice policy guidelines while providing case study demonstration of how to apply the guidelines and empirical reinforcement of the need for “appropriate” policy. The policy guidelines, cost‐effective technology, and comparative lessons presented can assist any jurisdiction to determine and implement appropriate dam safety policy.
Rainfall characteristics and their relation to splash erosion

ABSTRACT THIS study involves the mathematical development of both analytical relationships for raindrop size distributions and terminal and fall velocities of raindrops. Results compared satisfactorily to observed data from several references. From the above relationships, storm energy and momentum parameters were simulated and then related statistically to rainfall intensity. Splash erosion rates are a function of rainfall intensity. It was found that rainfall parameters had a significant effect upon splash erosion.
Ultra‐wideband square‐slot antenna

A simple square‐slot antenna capable of providing a very wide impedance bandwidth of larger than 9 GHz is presented. The ultra‐wideband operation for the proposed antenna is realized by using a novel feeding mechanism of loading an offset rectangular stub at the end of the microstrip feed line. With the proper offset distance of rectangular stub chosen, the proposed antenna can operate in the 2.78–12.02‐GHz frequency range and covers the UWB operating bandwidth of 3.1–10.6 GHz. The antenna radiation patterns at 3, 5.3, 7.9, and 10 GHz are also presented. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 500–502, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21391
ZK-Type Dual-Lead Worm and Worm Gear Drives: Geometry

A dual-lead worm gear set is frequently used for machines to operate without backlash, which can be adjusted along the worm's axial direction. The ZK-type dual-lead worm is generated by a cone-type straight-edged grinding wheel while an oversize worm-type hob cutter cuts the worm gear. The dual-lead worm gear set has two different axial modules and helix angles for the right- and left-side tooth surfaces. The mathematical model involving ZK-type dual-lead worm and worm gear surface geometries is developed based on the theory of gearing and gear cutting mechanism. According to the proposed mathematical model, computer graphs of the ZK-type dual-lead worm gear drives have been presented. Coordinates of the meshed grid-point on gear drive surfaces can thus be determined by applying the numerical method. Undercutting of the worm gear surface has been investigated based on the theory of gearing and the developed gear set mathematical model. The gear set mathematical model developed herein can facilitate gear set tooth contact analysis, contact teeth, contact ratio and other advanced investigations.
Communication Tools in Offshore Development with Scrum

Offshore development with Scrum is a progressively more important development approach for software development organization as it fetches attractive opportunities. Offshore development is already facing several problems and Scrum method brings more challenges in the form of their reliance of verbal communication. The aim of this paper is to present a research design for providing recommendation for rich communication system in offshore development with Scrum. It discusses the research methodology used for developing the recommendation for rich communication system.
40 Gbit/s EAM driver IC in SiGe bipolar technology

An SiGe bipolar IC for directly driving a differential electroabsorption modulator (EAM) in a 40 Gbit/s fibre optic TDM system is presented. An adjustable modulator bias voltage (0 to 2 V) is generated on-chip by a novel active network in the output stage. Clear eye diagrams at 40 Gbit/s and output swings up to 2.5 V/sub pp/ (nominal 2 V/sub pp/) were measured on mounted chips.
Super-resolved imaging system with oversampling technology

It has been a significant issue in the imaging filed to provide the highest possible resolution of an electro-optical imaging system(E-O imaging system). CCD arrays are inherently undersampled and spatial frequency above Nyquist frequency is distorted so as to create ambiguity and Moire patterns for targets imaged by E-O system. As to this drawback, a system-design project is introduced and discussed in the paper. It's well known that many image quality metrics are linked to MTF. However, CCDs don't satisfy MTF condition, namely, the shift-invariant property, so MTF synthesis can't appraise the whole system simply by the MTF product of the few sub-system ones in E-O imaging system. Then it is depicted how to solve this problem in the following. Finally the analyses and comparisons of the imaging performance parameters with and without super-resolved technologies are shown.
Significance of property mismatch in the patch repair of structural concrete Part 1: Properties of repair systems

Approximately £500 m is spent in the UK each year on the repair of concrete members. Despite the existence of this large and expanding market, little fundamental attention has been paid to the structural implications of property mismatch between patch repair materials and the substrate reinforced concrete. To pursue this question, it was necessary to identify the desirable characteristics of repair systems for satisfactory structural performance, and then to measure the relevant mechanical and physical properties of the various systems currently on the market. It was found that these repair systems could be conveniently categorized in nine generic types; a representative system from each was selected. Properties measured included strength, modulus, Poisson's ratio, coefficient of thermal expansion, tensile adhesion, early curing shrinkage, long-term creep and shrinkage. Where deemed appropriate, standard test methods have been utilized; otherwise techniques have been developed specifically for the purpose.
Experimental Analysis and FEM Calculation of the Thermal Deformation for the Spindle System of Machining Center

In this study, the chief heat sources of the spindle system for the TH6350 Machining Center are analyzed, and an experimental system based on the virtual instruments technology is presented, thirty-two thermocouple sensors are set at the spindle system of the machining center to measure the thermal field, and five electric vortex sensors are used to measure the thermal error of the spindle by five-point method. The FEM modeling of the thermal deformation of the spindle system is built up by based of I-DEAS, the temperature field and the thermal deformation of it are calculated, and the calculated values of the model tallies with the experimental values.The researching results provide a theoretical foundation for the improving designtemperature controlling and the error compensation to the machining center.
Investigation and control of a hybrid asymmetric multi-level inverter for medium-voltage applications

Power-electronic inverters are becoming popular for various industrial drives applications. In recent years also high-power and medium-voltage drive applications have been installed. However, the existing solutions suffer from some important drawbacks. Hybrid asymmetric multi-level inverters promise significant improvements for medium-voltage applications. This dissertation investigates such a hybrid inverter. To simplify the topology, some inverter parts are deprived of their feeding from the net and can only supply reactive power. The non-supplied intermediate-circuit capacitor voltages are inherently unstable and require a suitable control method for converter operation, preferably without influence on the load. Apart from normal operation, also converter start-up is an issue to consider, for which it is desirable to limit additional equipment. In this dissertation, we investigate the behaviour of this new inverter, and develop methods to obtain its reliable operation for the considered applications. These methods include modulation, voltage stabilization and start-up. We establish suitable models for their foundation. The principle achievement of this work is the development of a control method to stabilize a multitude of capacitor voltages which have no equilibrium state. Power balancing is performed by varying the common-mode output voltage, using a non-linear model-predictive controller. This method, which is new to power electronics, is applied to our hybrid asymmetric nine-level inverter driving an asynchronous motor. Computer simulations and measurements on an experimental drive system demonstrate stable behaviour in steady-state and during transients over the whole operating range. The obtained results prove the possible implementation of such a complex control algorithm for fast real-time operation. As second important accomplishment, this thesis proposes a start-up method that charges the non-supplied intermediate-circuit capacitors in parallel with the supplied ones, without additional equipment. Measurements show its successful application in the investigated drive system.