Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ameloblastic fibro‑odontoma in the posterior mandible: A case report

Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma (AFO) is a rare, slow-growing neoplastic lesion classified as a benign, epithelial odontogenic mesenchymal tumor. This tumor exhibits histological features characteristic of both ameloblastic fibromas and complex odontomas. The clinical manifestation of AFO is typically characterized by the asymptomatic enlargement of the jawbones. Radiographically, it presents as a distinct radiolucent region, indicating the presence of radiopaque substances with varying degrees of irregularities in size and morphology. Standard therapeutic intervention involves enucleation. Despite its benign nature, AFO can cause significant morbidity if left untreated. Therefore, prompt diagnosis and appropriate management are essential to ensure optimal patient outcomes. The present study describes the case (clinical presentation and management) of an 18-year-old male patient with an AFO lesion located in the posterior mandible. This particular case was treated with conservative measures involving surgical enucleation along with the extraction of the impacted tooth and the curettage of residual bone.
Tourist behaviour and the importance of time-space analysis

Although spatial movements are among the most typical characteristics of tourism and recreation, attention to this phenomenon is normally restricted to the analysis of static visitor numbers and their demographic or socio-economic characteristics, However, the continuing differentiation in the demand for leisure goods and services makes the development of time-space analysis necessary in order to develop a coherent tourism product. This is illustrated by a case-study from the southern part of the Netherlands and by an analysis of the time-space behaviour of visitors to the Efteling theme park in the Netherlands.
Changes in Microbial Communities Using Pigs as a Model for Postmortem Interval Estimation

Microbial communities can undergo significant successional changes during decay and decomposition, potentially providing valuable insights for determining the postmortem interval (PMI). The microbiota produce various gases that cause cadaver bloating, and rupture releases nutrient-rich bodily fluids into the environment, altering the soil microbiota around the carcasses. In this study, we aimed to investigate the underlying principles governing the succession of microbial communities during the decomposition of pig carcasses and the soil beneath the carcasses. At early decay, the phylum Firmicutes and Bacteroidota were the most abundant in both the winter and summer pig rectum. However, Proteobacteria became the most abundant in the winter pig rectum in late decay. Using genus as a biomarker to estimate the PMI could get the MAE from 1.375 days to 2.478 days based on the RF model. The abundance of bacterial communities showed a decreasing trend with prolonged decomposition time. There were statistically significant differences in microbial diversity in the two periods (pre-rupture and post-rupture) of the four groups (WPG 0–8Dvs. WPG 16–40D, p < 0.0001; WPS 0–16Dvs. WPS 24–40D, p = 0.003; SPG 0D vs. SPG 8–40D, p = 0.0005; and SPS 0D vs. SPS 8–40D, p = 0.0208). Most of the biomarkers in the pre-rupture period belong to obligate anaerobes. In contrast, the biomarkers in the post-rupture period belong to aerobic bacteria. Furthermore, the genus Vagococcus shows a similar increase trend, whether in winter or summer. Together, these results suggest that microbial succession was predictable and can be developed into a forensic tool for estimating the PMI.
Dynamic river–groundwater exchange in the presence of a saline, semi‐confined aquifer

Understanding groundwater–surface water exchange in river banks is crucial for effective water management and a range of scientific disciplines. While there has been much research on bank storage, many studies assume idealized aquifer systems. This paper presents a field‐based study of the Tambo Catchment (southeast Australia) where the Tambo River interacts with both an unconfined aquifer containing relatively young and fresh groundwater (<500 μS/cm and <100 years old) and a semi‐confined artesian aquifer containing old and saline groundwater (electrical conductivity > 2500 μS/cm and >10 000 years old). Continuous groundwater elevation and electrical conductivity monitoring within the different aquifers and the river suggest that the degree of mixing between the two aquifers and the river varies significantly in response to changing hydrological conditions. Numerical modelling using MODFLOW and the solute transport package MT3DMS indicates that saline water in the river bank moves away from the river during flooding as hydraulic gradients reverse. This water then returns during flood recession as baseflow hydraulic gradients are re‐established. Modelling also indicates that the concentration of a simulated conservative groundwater solute can increase for up to ~34 days at distances of 20 and 40 m from the river in response to flood events approximately 10 m in height. For the same flood event, simulated solute concentrations within 10 m of the river increase for only ~15 days as the infiltrating low‐salinity river water drives groundwater dilution. Average groundwater fluxes to the river stretch estimated using Darcy's law were 7 m3/m/day compared with 26 and 3 m3/m/day for the same periods via mass balance using Radon (222Rn) and chloride (Cl), respectively. The study shows that by coupling numerical modelling with continuous groundwater–surface water monitoring, the transient nature of bank storage can be evaluated, leading to a better understanding of the hydrological system and better interpretation of hydrochemical data. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors Hindering the Linkage of Farmers with Researchers in Agricultural Research in Ethiopia: From Agricultural Innovation System Perspectives

Agriculture is the backbone of Ethiopian economy. However, many factors are limiting agricultural development emanating from loose linkage of researchers with farmers, weak institutional and technical innovation. Therefore, the objective of this research was to examine critical factors that hindered the linkage of researchers with farmers in agricultural research. A qualitative research design was used. Triangulation between different data sources took place to ensure validity. Respondents were identified through snowball sampling and in-depth interviews were held. Interviews were transcribed, translated and coded applying principles of grounded theory before it was descriptively analysed. The research results obtained from this research revealed that linkage of researches with farmers was hindered by the type of research; farmers’ experience in the past; integration of indigenous and scientific knowledge.
El concepto jurídico de la sangre y sus derivados desde la perspectiva del derecho comunitario y español The juridical concept of blood and its deriveds in the perspective of spanish and european law

El presente trabajo pretende analizar desde el punto de vista del Derecho farmaceutico el concepto juridico dela sangre y sus derivados, concepto que ha de servirnos para valorar la situacion de la sangre y los hemoderivadosy su inclusion o no dentro de la normativa existente para los medicamentos de uso humano. Para conseguirestablecer unos criterios adecuados sobre esta cuestion, en primer lugar hemos de definir el concepto juridico demedicamento, que no parece claro, a pesar de las distintas definiciones que aporta la legislacion. Estas definiciones,en ocasiones pueden parecer ambiguas y presentar zonas fronterizas no definidas que necesitan de un nuevoavance que consiga reflejar con claridad el concepto juridico de medicamento. Para conseguir determinar conmayor precision el concepto de medicamento hemos de utilizar de forma reiterada las diversas sentencias queaporta la jurisprudencia comunitaria en la materia, que ha debido de interpretar y aclarar en mas de una ocasionla indefinicion que presenta la normativa para determinar de forma clara y meridiana el concepto de medicamento.Una vez definido el concepto de medicamento, pretendemos observar como quedan incorporados a esta definicionlos medicamentos derivados de la sangre y plasma humanos, asi como las zonas fronterizas que este tipode medicamentos presentan.
Ensemble of Transformer and Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network for Improving Discrimination Accuracy in Automatic Chord Recognition

Automatic chord recognition is a task of recognizing and transcribing chords from music data such as popular music. Manual chord transcription requires highly technical knowledge and great effort. A chord is a typical musical feature. Realization of automatic chord recognition can enable their use for many purposes such as musical notation and structural analysis. For this reason, automatic chord recognition has become a major research task in the field of music information retrieval. In recent years, automatic chord recognition has widely used deep learning models. Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network (CRNN) and Transformer have achieved high accuracy. For this study, we focus on the differences in feature extraction approaches used by CRNN and Transformer, and propose an ensemble learning method using the two models. Additionally, we adopt an original overlap inference method to improve their accuracy by complementing the lack of temporal information. Results show that we achieved average accuracy of 78.92% under the traditional evaluation metrics, which are, respectively, 1.64% and 2.43% higher than those of CRNN and Transformer.
‘Oxidative stress’-A new target in the management of diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic condition that poses a mammoth challenge for the healthcare system in developing as well as developed nations. Diabetes mellitus is associated with damage to the vasculature which leads to microvascular and macrovascular complications. Oxidative stress is a consequence of glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity, which are associated with diabetes. Glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity play a part in the pathogenesis of β-cell dysfunction. The hyperglycemic state in DM leads to oxidative stress which further hampers insulin secretion. In diabetes, the biological antioxidants also get depleted along with a reduction in glutathione (GSH), an increase in the oxidized glutathione (GSSG)/GSH ratio, and a depletion of non-enzymatic antioxidants. This results in the formation of a viscous circle of hyperglycemia leading to increased oxidative stress that further hampers insulin secretion which in turn results in hyperglycemia. Antioxidants are efficacious in reducing diabetic complications. The antioxidants produced biologically fall short, hence external supplements are required. In this review, the authors have discussed the relationship between oxidative stress in DM and the advantages of antioxidant supplements in controlling blood glucose levels and also in deaccelerating the complications related to DM.
Probiotic potential of spontaneously fermented cereal based foods – A review

The realization that food has a role beyond provision of energy and body forming substances has shifted scientific investigations with growing interest in the research and development of functional foods. A lot of attention is being focused on probiotics due to the enormous support showing health benefits. Probiotics are associated with fermented foods and it is therefore of importance that spontaneously fermented foods, that are so common in Africa, be assessed for their probiotic attributes. These foods are within the economic means of the people and are widely accepted in populations where they are produced. The foods have relatively long shelf-lives under ambient temperatures (without spoiling), are widely accepted especially by the vulnerable groups such as children, expectant/breastfeeding mothers, the aged and are commonly served to the sick and recovering persons. These foods would therefore render an invaluable health benefit to communities when consumed and would impart an invaluable economic benefit to society. Probiotics are associated with lactic acid bacteria that are commonly found in fermented foods. This paper reviews studies that have been carried out to enumerate, isolate, characterize and identify the microorganisms involved in the spontaneous fermentations of cereal based products and their assessments for potential probiotic attributes.
GAN-Based Time-Domain Packet Loss Concealment Method with Consistent Mapping Approach

In the speech communication over the internet, due to the latency and jitter of the network, the data packets may be lost and result in a degraded user experience. Therefore, the packet loss concealment (PLC) technology plays an important role in recovering the lost information. In this paper, a PLC method only using few historical information is proposed based on generative adversarial network (GAN). In this method, the generator is composed of the improved gated attention unit (IGAU) and temporal convolution network, which can fully exploit the available time-domain information and recover the lost speech signal. Specially, a consistent mapping approach is devised to enhance the quality of the generated speech. In addition, two additional loss functions are used to assist in the training of network. The experimental results show that the proposed method has better performance in terms of both perceptual quality and speech intelligibility at different packet loss rates.
Theoretical Limit of TiSi2 Contact Resistance : *Note: Sub-titles are not captured in Xplore and should not be used

Improving contact resistance (Rcnt) becomes increasingly challenge in upcoming technology nodes. To figure out the fundamental limit of Rcnt, we employed the first-principles approach. DFT-NEGF analyses are performed considering the atomistic nature of dopant and necessary corrections for silicon band gap, as well as electronic correlation in metal. Our simulation setup successfully predicts the reported Schottky barrier height (SBH) and attainable Rcnt in Si/C49-TiSi2 system.
RESPONSE OF PRECIPITATION AND ITS EXTREMES OVER CHINA TO WARMING: CMIP5 SIMULATION AND PROJECTION

Based on 24 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models simulations, the responses of annual precipitation and precipitation extremes (R95p and R99p defined by ETCCDI) to warming in China are analyzed. Quantitative analysis shows that the CMIP5 multi-model ensemble (MME) underestimates the response of precipitation while overestimates the response of precipitation extremes over China region in historical period. It also has abilities in reproducing the relationships between the precipitation, precipitation extremes and the warming over subregions of China, and better performance can be found in precipitation extremes. Concurrent with the warming under the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, the precipitation and precipitation extremes are projected to increase consistently over China. Under the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, as the regional mean temperature rises by 1°C, the precipitation will increase by 3.5% and 2.4%, and the R95p will increase by 8.0% and 11.9%, respectively. The response of R99p is much more sensitive respectively with an increase of 15.3% and 21.6%. For subregions of China, they all show positive response and the regional difference will decrease in the future. Moreover, the sensitivity of the precipitation extremes to the warming is higher than that of the mean precipitation. The stronger the precipitation extreme is, the higher sensitivity it will have. Besides, the response of the mean precipitation to the warming is larger in Northern China than in Southern China. The largest increases in R95p and R99p are projected in the Tibetan Plateau and Southwest China, indicating an increased risk of heavy rainfall and floods.
FedXPro: Bayesian Inference for Mitigating Poisoning Attacks in IoT Federated Learning

Federated learning (FL) has been envisioned to enable many Internet of Things (IoT) devices to perform large-scale machine learning without sharing raw data, resulting in significant privacy improvements. In a wireless IoT system, FL helps clients to secure their confidential information and achieve improved learning performance. However, the conventional FL architecture is vulnerable to Byzantine workers, possessing the potential to send malicious updates that compromise the accuracy of the global model. Previous studies have proposed various secure aggregation rules and attacker detection techniques to address this issue. However, these techniques exhibit limited effectiveness and may lead to a decrease in accuracy. To overcome these limitations, we propose a Byzantine client detection algorithm called FedXPro by combining the predictive coding/biased competition-divisive input modulation (PC/BC-DIM) neural network and geometric median (GM). Predictive coding (PC) is the core of the PC/BC-DIM architecture, which can perform Bayesian inference by fusing priors and likelihoods to determine posterior distributions. The GM is employed to determine the prior knowledge of legitimate clients to execute the PC/BC-DIM algorithm. During training, the framework calculates the probability distribution for a set of valid clients chosen from the GM. In testing, it attempts to reconstruct the same distribution from other clients concerning prior knowledge, and ultimately, the reconstruction power is utilized to filter the malicious clients. Our extensive simulations demonstrate the superiority of our FedXPro approach over other state-of-the-art methods in terms of accuracy, a guaranteed faster convergence rate, and attack detection under different network settings.
Joint Distributed Precoding and Beamforming for RIS-aided Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems

The amalgamation of cell-free networks and reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has become a prospective technique for future sixth-generation wireless communication systems. In this paper, we focus on the precoding and beamforming design for a downlink RIS-aided cell-free network. The design is formulated as a non-convex optimization problem by jointly optimizing the combining vector, active precoding, and passive RIS beamforming for minimizing the weighted sum of users' mean square error. A novel joint distributed precoding and beamforming framework is proposed to decentralize the alternating optimization method for acquiring a suboptimal solution to the design problem. Finally, numerical results validate the effectiveness of the proposed distributed precoding and beamforming framework, showing its low-complexity and improved scalability compared with the centralized method.
Fault Branching and Directivity of Rupture Propagation

This paper proposes a method to identify the directivity of rupture propagation based on the branching features of active fault traces.Direction of ruptre propagation is closely related to strong ground motions and resulting earthquake damage. Therefore, predicting rupture directivity is crucial in predicting strong motions to mitigate earthquake damage. However, the directions of fault ruptures were ascertained only after earthquakes from the observed seismological records and not before the earthquakes.We found an interdependent correlation between the branching direction of the surface ruptures and the direction of their propagation as shown in Fig. 1, from an investigation of recent earthquake fault ruptures such as the 1995 Northern Sakhalin earthquake, the 1995 Hyogoken-nambu earthquake, the 1992 Landers earthquake, the 1990 Luzon earthequake, the 1979 Imperial Valley earthequake, and the 1930 Kita-Izu earthequake. The branching of faults during rupture propagation is regarded as an effective energy dissipation process and could result in final rupture termination.Because patterns of surface traces of active faults are the results of repeated earthquake faulting, the branching of active faults leads us to suggest that the direction of rupture propagation is also predictable before the active faults generate earthquakes in the future.Several active faults with well-defined branching such as the active faults of the strike -sliptype in the Kobe-Osaka area, those in California, and the active fault sysytem in the northern Luzon, Philippines are examined. Branching of the reverse faults in the foot -hills of Darjeeling Himalaya is also shown as an example of active faults of the dip -slip type. This test clearly shows that the direction of rupture propagation, and in some cases the epicenter location, can be deduced from the branching features on the basis of our proposed method.
U.S Water Quality Standard System and Its Revelation for China

The study on the most complete and scientific water quality standard system in U.S would be helpful for promoting the development of water quality standard system in China.Water quality standards of the U.S.consist of designated uses,criteria and antidegradation policy.Development history and status of the criteria,regulation of designated uses,as well as connotative meaning and implementation of antidegradation policy were introduced.On the review of current water standard and water environmental function zoning in China,some existing problems were analyzed and some constructive suggestions were proposed to provide reference for construction of complete water standard system in China.
Kalis2.0—A SECaaS-Based Context-Aware Self-Adaptive Intrusion Detection System for IoT

The wide variety of application domains makes the Internet of Things (IoT) quite unique among other types of computer networks: IoT networks can be made of devices of different types, i.e., characterized by different hardware, functionalities, computing capabilities, and also network topology and communication protocols may drastically change from one IoT application to another. Such a heterogeneity requires ad-hoc security solutions, as security techniques that are effective in one IoT context may not be so in another context. Furthermore, IoT networks are ever evolving by their very nature as smart devices can be easily added or removed. These factors call for the design of security tools capable of adapting themselves to the specific IoT instance, but also to the continuous network changes. In this article we propose a context-aware, Security-as-a-Service-based approach for intrusion detection whereby an IDS: 1) autonomously collects information about the monitored system; 2) chooses the best detection strategy accordingly; and 3) modifies the detection strategy as the network evolves over time. This comprehensive approach to intrusion detection is an attempt to face the heterogeneity which characterizes the IoT in all its aspects, making it possible the design of a security tool able to be self-adaptive and context-aware, that is, effective in different and evolving IoT scenarios with little or no human intervention.
Armor or Pavement

The necessary condition for, and the process of, evolution of a coarse layer over finer sediment underneath are presented. Flow regions for pavement and armor formation are identified. A new definition for armor and pavement is proposed. The relevation of the two flow regions contributes towards an improved understanding of the distinction between armor and pavement. With increasing shear velocity, the surface layer coarsens in the armor region and becomes smoother in the pavement region. The eroded material (EM) in the armor region becomes coarser with increasing shear velocity but remains finer than the parent-bed material (PBM). In the pavement evolution region, the EM is finer than PBM; and in the equilibrium pavement region, the composition of EM is identical to that of the PBM. The available experimental data are in agreement with the proposed hypothesis of evolution of the coarse surface layer.