Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Analysis on the Effect of Thermal Bridges on Energy Consumption of Residential Buildings in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Region

Though there is a great impact of thermal bridge in a building on its energy consumption,whether the building in hot summer and cold winter region needs an insulation against the thermal bridge is still in discussion.Through quantitative simulation study of the projects with different architectural forms in three representative cities from the hot summer and cold winter regions,the effect of the percentage of thermal bridge area and of the existence or not of insulation layer at the location of thermal bridge on the building energy consumption is analyzed.It shows that the energy conservation measures should be considered in building design for the thermal bridge location of the building in hot summer and cold winter regions.
Dept. for Speech, Music and Hearing Quarterly Progress and Status Report Creation of Unseen Triphones from Diphones and Monophones Using a Speech Production Approach Creation of Unseen Triphones from Diphones and Monophones Using a Speech Production

With limited training data, infrequent triphone models for speech recognition will not be observed in sufJicient number. In this report, a speech production approach is used to predict the characteristics of unseen triphones by concatenating diphones andlor monophones in the parametric representation of a formant speech synthesiser. The parameter trajectories are estimated by interpolation between the endpoints of the original units. The spectral states of the created triphone are generated by the speech synthesiser. Evaluation of the proposed technique has been performed using spectral error measurements and recognition candidate rescoring of N-best lists. In both cases, the created triphones are shown to perform better than the shorter units from which they were constructed.
The S-velocity structure of the East Asian mantle from inversion of shear and surface waveforms

SUMMARY The structure of the mantle beneath East Asia down to 800 km depth is investigated using full waveforms of seismic shear and surface waves. Epicentral distances are limited to less than 40°. In contrast with previous waveform inversions, we avoid ray-theoretical or path-integral approaches. Instead, we use (1) exact 3-D waveform sensitivity kernels that correctly reflect off-path sensitivity and the existence of Fresnel zones. We apply (2) an accurate 3-D forward modelling technique based on a coupled-mode, multiple-forward-scattering approach, allowing us (3) to iterate the inversion procedure through several 3-D models and (4) to evaluate the true misfit between the data and the synthetics for the 3-D model. Average lateral resolution of the model in regions with good path coverage is 400 km throughout the upper mantle. In the depth range from 100 to 250 km the lateral resolution even approaches 200 km. Since wave front healing is taken into account, the amplitudes of velocity perturbations are larger than in other tomographic models. Moreover, the waveform sensitivity kernels provide an intrinsic physical smoothing of the model, stabilizing the inversion. Finally, owing to the use of exact sensitivities, better resolution can be achieved with a given set of seismograms. Major features of the model are high-velocity subducting slabs along the West Pacific subduction zones stagnating at the 660 km discontinuity, a strong low-velocity zone between 80 and 250 km depth in the West Pacific backarc regions, a plume-like low-velocity feature beneath the southern tip of the Baikal rift zone extending into the transition zone, a low-velocity region under the Tien Shan with connection into the transition zone and thick crust under Tibet reaching its maximum thickness of approximately 80 km close to the 35th parallel. The lithospheric mantle underneath southern Tibet is very fast indicating underthrusting of the Indian lithosphere. In contrast, the upper mantle beneath northern Tibet exhibits average-to-slow values from the Moho down to the 660 km discontinuity. Very high S velocities are again observed beneath the Tarim Basin. The high-velocity mantle lithospheres under southern Tibet and the Tarim join beneath the Karakorum range at the western tip of the Tibet Plateau.
Malware Detection Using Deep Learning and CNN Models

The rise of cyberattacks has necessitated the development of effective malware detection mechanisms. Deep learning, with its ability to learn complex features from raw data, has been widely used for this purpose. This paper presents a two-fold contribution to the field of malware detection using deep learning. Firstly, we use seven pretrained CNN models to classify malware images from the Malimg dataset. While these models achieved high accuracy, they presents low precision and F1-score, indicating that they were prone to false positives and false negatives. Additionally, these pre-trained models are susceptible to overfitting, which is a common issue with transfer learning. To overcome this limitation, we propose a custom CNN model consisting of six layers, trained from scratch on the Malimg dataset. To address potential issues like over-fitting and data imbalance when training models from scratch, we used regularization techniques such as L1 or L2 regularization, dropout. Our proposed custom CNN model outperformed the pretrained models, achieving best/average accuracy values over 5 trials of 100%/98.26%. We also found that our custom model was less susceptible to over-fitting and adversarial attacks. Our proposed approach provides a promising solution to the problem of limitations in using pre-trained models for malware detection.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections in Neonates: A Persisting Problem

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract infections in young infants. It is an enveloped, single-stranded, nonsegmented, negative-strand RNA virus, a member of the family Pneumoviridae. Globally, RSV is responsible for 2.3% of deaths among neonates 0–27 days of age. Respiratory syncytial virus infection is most common in children aged below 24 months. Neonates present with cough and fever. Respiratory syncytial virus-associated wheezing is seen in 20% infants during the first year of life of which 2–3% require hospitalization. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) gives fast results and has higher sensitivity compared with culture and rapid antigen tests and are not affected by passively administered antibody to RSV. Therapy for RSV infection of the LRT is mainly supportive, and preventive measures like good hygiene and isolation are the mainstay of management. Standard precautions, hand hygiene, breastfeeding and contact isolation should be followed for RSV-infected newborns. Recent AAP guidelines do not recommend pavilizumab prophylaxis for preterm infants born at 29–35 weeks without chronic lung disease, hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease and coexisting conditions. RSV can lead to long-term sequelae such as wheezing and asthma, associated with increased healthcare costs and reduced quality of life.
Localization for Autonomous Navigation: A Brief Overview

Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) are a novel technology possessing a vast and diversified body of literature which requires in-depth studies to drive further advances. One crucial aspect of autonomous operation is achieving precise and reliable localization to enable safe navigation in different environments. This paper provides a concise overview of the state of the art in localization techniques for Autonomous Navigation Systems (ANS), focusing on summarizing the most significant concepts and methodologies based on a collection of previous comprehensive literature reviews. Different approaches for AVs localization are presented, followed by a custom categorization of prevailing techniques. Visual Odometry (VO) and Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) are emphasized as the most promising localization methods. Challenges and research opportunities, including multi-sensor fusion and vehicular networks, are highlighted. The aim of this work is to shed light on the foundations essential attributes of localization methods, thereby facilitating further research in autonomous mobility projects.
Guided waves propagating in subducted oceanic crust

[1] We use guided waves traveling updip along the surface of the Nazca slab to image subducted oceanic crust at the Chile-Peru subduction zone. Observed P onsets of intermediate depth events near 21°S in northern Chile reveal waveguide behavior: with growing focal depth, low-frequency energy (<2 Hz) becomes more and more dominant, and higher frequencies arrive delayed, sometimes resembling two distinct phases. To explain the observations, we employ two-dimensional finite difference (FD) simulations of complete P-SV wave propagation along an updip profile of the subduction zone. The FD calculations shed some light on several basic issues regarding crustal waveguides. The development of guided waves dependent on event focal depth is simulated. Further, we show that the observed guided wave energy must decouple from the waveguide near 100 km depth to reach the deployed stations and that the decoupling process is related to variations in subduction angle. Simulations also yield constraints on source locations relative to the low-velocity structure. Finally, the frequency content of P onsets is used to constrain the thickness of the waveguide. The results indicate that a structure of <4.5 km average width and 7% low-velocity remains seismically slow compared to the surrounding mantle down to a depth of at least 160 km. The layer is interpreted as the unaltered lower part of the subducted oceanic crust, suggesting that complete eclogite transformation in the Chile-Peru subduction zone is unlikely to take place until beyond the volcanic front.
Analysis of Arabs Publications In the Field of Computer Networks

Increasing technology led to increasing collaboration between the countries in general, especially the Arabic world. In recent years, many impacts affect the growth of research work in different Arabic countries. In this research, we show the growth of research work and its quality between Arabs and the rest of the world. We collected over 2500 publications and used it to create a new table that contains the intersection between each Arab country and each co-author's continent to show the relationship between each Arabic country with the rest of the world. We divided the data into two periods, before and after 2015, then we used Hue to apply our analysis on the data. We focused on the number of publications and the number of citation for each Arabic country. We noticed the rapid growth in the last period in some Arabic countries such as Jordan, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, and Saudi Arabia. In contrast, the rest of the countries had slow or decreasing growth.
Simulations of the Origin of Fluid Pressure, Fracture Generation, and the Movement of Fluids in the Uinta Basin, Utah

The Altamont oil field in the deep Uinta basin is known to have reservoir fluid pressures that approach lithostatic. One explanation for this high pore-fluid pressure is the generation of oil from kerogen in the Green River oil shale at depth. A three-dimensional simulation of flow in the basin was done to test this hypothesis. In the flow simulation, oil generation is included as a fluid source. The kinetics of oil generation from oil shale is a function of temperature. The temperature is controlled by (1) the depth of sediment burial and (2) the geothermal gradient. Using this conceptual model, the pressure buildup results from the trade-off between the rate of oil generation and the flow away from the source volume. The pressure increase depends primarily on (1) the rate of the oil-generation reaction and (2) the permeability of the reservoir rocks. A sensitivity analysis was performed in which both of these parameters were systematically varied. The reservoir permeability must be lower than most of the observed data for the pressure to build up to near lithostatic. The results of the simulations indicated that once oil generation was initiated, the pore pressure built up rapidly to near lithostatic. We simulated hydrofractures in that part of the system in which the pressures approach lithostatic by increasing both the horizontal and the vertical permeability by an order of magnitude. Because the simulated hydrofractures were produced by the high pore pressure, they were restricted to the Altamont field. A new flow system was established in the vicinity of the reservoir; the maximum pore pressure was limited by the least principal stress. Fluids moved vertically up and down and laterally outward away from the source of oil generation. The analysis indicated that, assuming that one is willing to accept the low values of permeability, oil generati n can account for the observed high pressures at Altamont field.
GAMBARAN PERILAKU PERAWAT DALAM PENGGUNAAN ALAT PELINDUNG DIRI DI RUANG RAWAT INAP RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH KOTA BANDUNG

Tenaga kesehatan membutuhkan alat pelindung diri (APD) ketika praktik untuk mengurangi risiko tertular penyakit. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan rendahnya pengguna APD pada perawat dalam melakukan tindakan asuhan keperawatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran perilaku perawat dalam penggunaan APD di ruang rawat inap rumah sakit umum daerah Kota Bandung. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Sampel melibatkan 84 perawat lulusan D3 di ruang rawat inap rumah sakit umum daerah Kota Bandung. Instrumen penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner yang berisi pernyataan tentang perilaku penggunaan APD dengan menggunakan teknik total sampling. Pengolahan data didapatkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan perilaku perawat dalam penggunaan APD sangat berimbang antara perilaku yang baik dan kurang baik dalam menggunakan APD. Responden yang memiliki perilaku penggunaan APD yang baik berjumlah 40 (47,6%). Sedangkan rensponden yang memiliki perilaku penggunaan APD yang kurang baik berjumlah 44 (52,4%). Dari hasil penelitian ini diharapkan agar perawat Rumah Sakit Umum Kota Bandung lebih memperhatikan lagi tentang pentingnya penggunaan APD ketika melakukan tindakan asuhan keperawatn ke pasien. Kata Kunci: perilaku, perawat, alat pelindung diri.
Determinan Factors of Decision to Choose an Online Travel Agent to Book a Place to Stay

This study analyzes the factors influencing customers to book a place to stay through Online Travel Agent (OTA). This research was conducted on 382 respondents selected by convenience sampling with the criteria of having booked a place to stay through OTA in the last two years and being at least 18 years old. This research uses quantitative methods by filling out questionnaires distributed online. Data were analyzed using SEM AMOS. The results showed that brand image and perceived ease of use (PEU) have a significant positive direct effect on the decision to choose an OTA to book a place to stay, brand image and PEU has a significant positive indirect effect on e-WOM, e-WOM has a significant negative effect on the decision to choose OTA to book a place to stay and perceived risk does not significantly influence the decision to choose OTA to book a place to stay. The managerial implications can be carried out by company management in collaboration with OTA to increase the intention of repurchasing customers through comments (e-WOM), maintaining the privacy of customers' data to avoid leakage, improving transaction systems safety, and conducting evaluations related to quality and service.
FOR THE SPECIAL ISSUE: LIFE WITHOUT WATER Unexplored dimensions of variability in vegetative desiccation tolerance

Desiccation tolerance has evolved recurrently across diverse land plant lineages as an adaptation for survival in regions where seasonal rainfall drives periodic drying of vegetative tissues. Growing interest in this phenomenon has fueled recent physiological, biochemical, and genomic insights into the mechanistic basis of desiccation tolerance. Although, desiccation tolerance is often viewed as binary and monolithic, substantial variation exists in the phenotype and underlying mechanisms across diverse lineages, heterogeneous populations, and throughout the development of individual plants. Most studies have focused on conserved responses in a subset desiccation-tolerant plants under laboratory conditions. Consequently, the variability and natural diversity of desiccation-tolerant phenotypes remains largely uncharacterized. Here, we discuss the natural variation in desiccation tolerance and argue that leveraging this diversity can improve our mechanistic understanding of desiccation tolerance. We summarize information collected from ~600 desiccation-tolerant land plants and discuss the taxonomic distribution and physiology of desiccation responses. We point out the need to quantify natural diversity of desiccation tolerance on three scales: variation across divergent lineages, intraspecific variation across populations, and variation across tissues and life stages of an individual plant. We conclude that this variability should be accounted for in experimental designs and can be leveraged for deeper insights into the intricacies of desiccation tolerance.
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance Task constraints act at the level of synergies and at the level of end-effector kinematics in manual reaching and manual lateral interception

Abstract: To coordinate the redundant degrees of freedom (DOF) in the action system, synergies are often proposed. Synergies organi e DOF in temporary task-specific units emerging from interactions amongst task, organism, and environmental constraints. We examined whether task constraints affect synergies, end-effector kinematics, or both. To this end, we compared synergies and end-effector kinematics when participants (N = 15) performed discrete movements of identical amplitude in manual reaching (stationary targets) and manual lateral interception (moving targets, with different angles of approach). We found that time-velocity profiles were roughly symmetric in reaching, whereas they had a longer decelerative tail and showed an angle-ofapproach effect in interception. Uncontrolled Manifold analyses showed that in all conditions joint angle variability was primarily co-variation, indicating a synergistic organi ation. The analysis on the clusters of joint angle configurations demonstrated differences between reaching and interception synergies, whereas more similar synergies were used within interception conditions. This implies that some task constraints operate at the level of synergies while other task constraints only affect end-effector kinematics. The results support a two-step process in the organi ation of DOF, consisting of synergy formation and further constraining of synergies to produce the actual movement, as proposed by Kay (1988).
Supplemental Information

A two-grain, bicrystal GdyCe1−yO2−y/2, GCO, with a planar grain boundary was modeled by placing the interface at the origin of the laboratory reference system. The normal of the interface was arbitrarily set to point along the x-axis. The degree of order of the structure was set to the analytical solution η = 1− (1−η◦) exp[−||x||/δ], in agreement with the classic phase field literature, e.g., Kobayashi et al. [1], Warren et al. [2], and Tang et al. [3]. Because of the symmetry of the two-grain system, the horizontal displacement at the center of the grain boundary was set to be zero, while set to expand freely in the vertical direction. The right edge (the grain) concentrations [V·· O]∞ and [Gd ′ Ce]∞ were set based on the amounts of dopant and bulk charge neutrality, enabling to specify the grain boundary fields by selfconsistently solving Equation 6 (main text). Electrically, the right edge (the grain) was
Study of Bone Radiocarbon Dating Accuracy at the University of Arizona NSF Accelerator Facility for Radioisotope Analysis

Bone would seem to be an ideal material for 14C dating because this calcified tissue contains 20 weight per cent protein. Fossil bone, however, can lose most of its original organic matter and frequently contains contaminants having different 14C ages. Numerous 14C dates on bone have been available to archaeologists and geologists but many age determinations have been inaccurate despite over 30 years of research in the field following the first 14C age determinations on bone (Arnold & Libby, 1951). This situation remained unchanged until simple pretreatments were abandoned and more bone-specific fractions were isolated. The ideal solution is to use accelerator mass spectrometer 14C dating, which facilitates the use of milligram-sized amounts of highly purified compounds—an approach impossible to pursue using conventional 14C decay-counting methods.
Zircon U-Pb geochronology, geochemistry and petrogenesis of the Late Early Cretaceous adakitic intrusive rocks in the Tunchang area,Hainan Province

The Tunchang intrusive rocks consist of granodiorites,granites and minor,diabase-diorite porphyry dikes and mafic enclaves.This paper presents new zircon LA-ICPMS U-Pb age and geochemical data of these intrusive rocks.The age results show that the Tunchang intrusive rocks were generated in Late Early Cretaceous(~107 Ma). Both granodiorites and granites are geochemically similar to adakites,e.g.,high SiO2,Al2O3,Sr and Sr/Y values,low Y and Yb contents,and negligible Eu anomalies.The Tunchang aidakitic rocks have homogeneous ISr(0.7082-0.7096) and eNd(t)(-6.55--3.85),and limited ranges for(176Hf/177Hf)i(0.28257-2010 年 0.28277),eHf(t) values(-4.86-+2.09) and TDM2(1.09-1.54 Ga). However,the mafic dikes and enclaves have slightly low ISr(0.7064-0.7086) and variable eNd(t)(-5.10-+0.13) values.The mafic dike have(176Hf/177Hf)i = 0.28257-0.28264,eHf(t) = -4.94--2.42,TDM2 = 1.38-1.55 Ga,which are similar to those of the adakitic rocks.We suggest that the Tunchang adakitic rocks were likely generated by partial melting of newly underplated basaltic lower crust as a result of asthenosphere upwelling due to Late Early Cretaceous(~107 Ma) rollback of subducted Paleo-Pacific plate.
Inside the War on Poverty: The Impact of Food Stamps on Birth Outcomes

Abstract This paper evaluates the health impacts of a signature initiative of the War on Poverty: the introduction of the modern Food Stamp Program (FSP). Using variation in the month FSP began operating in each U.S. county, we find that pregnancies exposed to FSP three months prior to birth yielded deliveries with increased birth weight, with the largest gains at the lowest birth weights. We also find small but statistically insignificant improvements in neonatal mortality. We conclude that the sizable increase in income from FSP improved birth outcomes for both whites and African Americans, with larger impacts for African American mothers.