Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fine structure in holographic entanglement and entanglement contour

We explore the fine structure of the holographic entanglement entropy proposal (the Ryu-Takayanagi formula) in AdS$_3$/CFT$_{2}$. With the guidance from the boundary and bulk modular flows we find a natural slicing of the entanglement wedge with the modular planes, which are co-dimension one bulk surfaces tangent to the modular flow everywhere. This gives an one-to-one correspondence between the points on the boundary interval $\mathcal{A}$ and the points on the Ryu-Takayanagi (RT) surface $\mathcal{E}_{\mathcal{A}}$. In the same sense an arbitrary subinterval $\mathcal{A}_2$ of $\mathcal{A}$ will correspond to a subinterval $\mathcal{E}_2$ of $\mathcal{E}_{\mathcal{A}}$. We propose that the length of $\mathcal{E}_2$ captures the contribution from $\mathcal{A}_2$ to the entanglement entropy $S_{\mathcal{A}}$, and compare it with the mutual information between $\mathcal{A}_2$ and the complement $\mathcal{A}^c$.
Coherent bremsstrahlung in imperfect periodic atomic structures

Coherent bremsstrahlung of high energy electrons moving in a three-dimensional imperfect periodic lattice consisting of a complicated system of atoms is considered. On the basis of the normalized probability density function of the distribution of atomic centers in the fundamental cell the relations describing coherent and incoherent contributions into cross sections are obtained. In particular, the cross section of coherent bremsstrahlung in complex polyatomic single crystals is found. The peculiarities of formation and possibilities of utilization of coherent processes are discussed.
Temperature dependence of the conductivity sum rule in the normal state due to inelastic scattering

We examine the temperature dependence of the optical sum rule in the normal state due to interactions. To be concrete we adopt a weak coupling approach which uses an electron-boson exchange model to describe inelastic scattering of the electrons with a boson, in the Migdal approximation. While a number of recent works attribute the temperature dependence in the normal state to that which arises in a Sommerfeld expansion, we show that in a wide parameter regime this contribution can be quite small. Instead, most of the temperature dependence arises from the zeroth order term in the `expansion', through the temperature dependence of the spectral function, and the interaction parameters contained therein. For low boson frequencies this circumstance causes a linear T-dependence in the sum rule. We develop some analytical expressions and understanding of the temperature dependence.
The Dust Impact on the Intergalactic Medium

Recent observations at low and high redshift seem to confirm the presence of dust at very low abundances in the InterGalactic Medium (IGM) and especially in the IntraCluster Medium (ICM). We have studied the impact of this dust on the IGM, in terms of heating and cooling. On one hand, with an analytical model of dust emission, we have proved that the dust can be considered as the dominant cooling agent of the ICM at large scale, when the temperature is greater than T == 107 K. On the other hand, with a strong UV Background and a low temperature iT; ~ 105 K), dust grains become an efficient heating agent of the IGM. These two opposite effects may have played an important role regarding structure formation of the Universe at large and small scales.
Magnetism and Magnetic Materials

1. Introduction 2. Magnetostatics 3. Magnetism of electrons 4. Magnetism of localized electrons on the atom 5. Ferromagnetism and exchange 6. Antiferromagnetism and other magnetic order 7. Micromagnetism, domains and hysteresis 8. Nanoscale magnetism 9. Magnetic resonance 10. Experimental methods 11. Magnetic materials 12. Applications of soft magnets 13. Applications of hard magnets 14. Spin electronics and magnetic recording 15. Special topics Appendixes Index.
Efficient energy transfer from band excitation to Nd3+ in β-La2S3:Nd, Ce

The authors report, for the first time, on efficient energy transfer from optically excited conduction band states to 4f Nd states via 5d Ce states in semiconducting La2S3:Nd, Ce. The quantum efficiencies of the transfers Ce to Nd and band states to Nd are 0.7 and 0.3 respectively. Measurements of absorption, fluorescence and photoconductivity prove the strong coupling between band states and Ce 5d states as well as Ce 5d states and Nd 4f states. At 300K, the fluorescence lifetimes of single doped samples are tau (1%Nd)=70 mu s, tau (10%Nd)=8 mu s due to Nd cross relaxation and tau (1%Ce)=35 ns. For co-doped crystals (10% Nd, 1% Ce) the Nd3+ fluorescence is unaffected, whereas the Ce3+ fluorescence is absent.
Sentiment Analysis in Social Media for Depression Identification Using BiLSTM

Social networks have evolved into an excellent platform for users to engage with their interested friends and share their thoughts, photographs, and videos that show their emotions, feelings, and sentiments. This opens up the possibility of analyzing social network data for user feelings and sentiments in order to examine their moods and attitudes when talking through these online platforms. Although the diagnosis of depression using social network data has gained popularity around the world, there are other dimensions that have yet to be discovered. In this study, aim to perform a depression analysis on social media data collected from an online public source. The proposed is to explore the impact of Rule based Vader Analyzer and a BiLSTM . The results are calculated and shown using the performance metrics such as recall, precision and accuracy.
Reassessing Masculinities-Focused Interventions: Room and Reasons for Improvement

Gender-based violence (GBV) remains a serious issue in many countries around the world, and this is particularly true for South Africa. Many current interventions to address this phenomenon have, however, had little success in reducing the rates of such violence. This study looked at masculinities-focused interventions as a method for addressing GBV, through a qualitative investigation of the One Man Can (OMC) programme in the Western Cape province of South Africa, based on the observation of workshops, and interviews and focus groups with workshop participants and facilitators. A number of concerns related to the implementation of the intervention are detailed. The first is a lack of awareness of the intersectional nature of masculinities, which risks implying that it is only individual men who need to change, rather than systemic patriarchy and gender inequality. Second, the workshops focus almost exclusively on poor men of colour, which can reinforce the existing stigma these men face in racist societies, such as South Africa. Finally, the workshops use a narrow definition of GBV, focusing almost entirely on violence against women, which excludes violence against other marginalised groups, such as the LGBTQI+ community, boys and men. Thus, the workshops require a rethink of their content and implementation, in order to better contribute to efforts aimed at reducing GBV within larger gender and sexual justice goals.
On possible ‘cosmic ray cocoons’ of relativistic jets

We consider effects on an (ultra)relativistic jet and its ambient medium caused by high-energy cosmic rays accelerated at the jet side boundary. As illustrated by simple models, during the acceleration process a flat cosmic ray distribution can be created, with gyro-radii for the highest particle energies reaching scales comparable to the jet radius or energy density comparable to the pressure of the ambient medium. In the case of efficient radiative losses, a high-energy bump in the spectrum can dominate the cosmic ray pressure. In extreme cases, the cosmic rays are able to push the ambient medium off, providing a ‘cosmic ray cocoon’ separating the jet from the surrounding medium. The considered cosmic rays provide an additional jet braking force and lead to a number of consequences for the jet structure and its radiative output. In particular, the dynamic and acceleration time-scales involved are in the range observed in variable active galactic nuclei.
Discrete Variational Derivative Method: A Structure-Preserving Numerical Method for Partial Differential Equations

Preface Introduction and Summary of This Book An Introductory Example: the Spinodal Decomposition History Derivation of Dissipative or Conservative Schemes Advanced Topics Target Partial Differential Equations Variational Derivatives First-Order Real-Valued PDEs First-Order Complex-Valued PDEs Systems of First-Order PDEs Second-Order PDEs Discrete Variational Derivative Method Discrete Symbols and Formulas Procedure for First-Order Real-Valued PDEs Procedure for First-Order Complex-Valued PDEs Procedure for Systems of First-Order PDEs Design of Schemes Procedure for Second-Order PDEs Preliminaries on Discrete Functional Analysis Applications Target PDEs Cahn-Hilliard Equation Allen-Cahn Equation Fisher-Kolmogorov Equation Target PDEs Target PDEs Target PDEs Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation Target PDEs Zakharov Equations Target PDEs Other Equations Advanced Topic I: Design of High-Order Schemes Orders of Accuracy of the Schemes Spatially High-Order Schemes Temporally High-Order Schemes: With the Composition Method Temporally High-Order Schemes: With High-Order Discrete Variational Derivatives Advanced Topic II: Design of Linearly-Implicit Schemes Basic Idea for Constructing Linearly-Implicit Schemes Multiple-Points Discrete Variational Derivative Design of Schemes Applications Remark on the Stability of Linearly-Implicit Schemes Advanced Topic III: Further Remarks Solving System of Nonlinear Equations Switch to Galerkin Framework Extension to Non-Rectangular Meshes on D Region A Semi-discrete schemes in space B Proof of Proposition 3.4 Bibliography Index
A Spectroscopic Survey of the Galaxy Cluster CL 1358+62 at z = 0.328

We present a spectroscopic survey of the rich X-ray-selected galaxy cluster CL 1358+6245 at z = 0.328. When our 173 new multislit spectra of cluster galaxies are combined with data from the literature, we produce a catalog of 232 cluster members in a region 10' × 11' (3.5 Mpc × 3.8 Mpc) surrounding the brightest cluster galaxy. These data are used to study the structure and dynamics of the cluster and to examine the radial and velocity distributions as a function of spectral type. We classify the spectral types of the cluster members according to the strengths of the Balmer absorption lines (Hδ, Hγ, and Hβ) and the [O II] 3727 Å emission line. We derive a mean redshift of z = 0.3283 ± 0.0003 and a velocity dispersion of 1027+ 51−45 km s-1 for the 232 cluster members. However, the cluster velocity distribution is non-Gaussian, and we identify at least two subgroups with 10-20 members and dispersions of <400 km s-1. The fraction of spectroscopically active galaxies (poststarburst and emission-line) in the core of the velocity distribution (within 0.6 σ of the mean cluster velocity) is 16% ± 4%, rising to 32% ± 7% for galaxies in the tails of the velocity distribution (2.0 σ from the mean cluster velocity). In total, the cluster is composed of 19% ± 3% emission-line and 5% ± 1% poststarburst galaxies. The velocity dispersion of the poststarburst galaxies is close to 21/2 times that of the absorption-line galaxies, consistent with free-fall accretion of the poststarburst galaxies. The changing mix of galaxy spectral types as a function of local galaxy density (or distance from the cluster center) in CL 1358+62 is similar to what is observed in nearby rich clusters. The percentage of emission-line galaxies increases steadily with radius from 9% ± 3% within a radius of rp < 0.7 Mpc to 41% ± 9% in our outermost radial bin at ~1.7 Mpc. The percentage of absorption-line galaxies falls from 84% ± 9% to 59% ± 11% over the same radial intervals. These results are consistent with the idea that the cluster grows through the accretion of late-type field galaxies, a fraction of which are transformed into poststarburst galaxies during the accretion event. Our high-S/N spectra of the "E + A" galaxies allow a detailed comparison with spectra of nearby merging and strongly interacting galaxy systems. We find that nearby mergers have stronger [O II] 3727 Å emission ([O II] EW > 5 Å) than that observed for our E + A galaxies. This implies either that the E + A galaxies in CL 1358+62 were not formed through major mergers, or that if they were formed via merging, their gas supply was quickly depleted, possibly by the intracluster medium.
Perceived God support as a mediator of the relationship between religiosity and psychological distress

ABSTRACT This paper investigated whether perceived God support would mediate the negative relationship between religiosity and psychological distress. 253 Evangelical Christians completed the Patient Health Questionnaire for Anxiety and Depression, the Religiosity Inventory, and the Religious Support Scale. Mediation analyses revealed that perceived God support partially mediated the negative relationship between Evangelical religiosity and psychological distress. This meant that perceived God support could explain some of the negative religiosity-distress relationship. As such, Evangelical religiosity may be related to health benefits through adherents’ sense of support from God, corroborating a divine attachment theory of religion. We argue that God support should be considered as one of the theoretical mechanisms through which religions may be associated with better psychological health.
Utilization of Drug Delivery Technologies & Screening in Present Day Drug Development and Discovery

In this following thesis the technologies that offer an effectiveness and efficiency during drug delivery will be discussed in an explained and detailed way. Drug delivery can be considered towards the engagement in order to manufacture systems, formulation, storage systems or inventory and other critical technologies that can offer sufficient work efficiency and smoothness in the area of transporting towards the destined site. This essential movement provides desired therapeutic effects in requirement of drug development and delivering a pharmaceutical compound towards the target area. Keyword : — Drug, Drug development, Technologies, Pharmaceutical, transportation
A study of the luminous blue variable candidate He 3-519 and its surrounding nebula

He 3-519 is 20' away from the well-known LBV AG Car and is surrounded by a ring nebula 1' in diameter. In this paper, we present the first detailed study of He 3-519 and its surrounding nebula based on high resolution spectra obtained at the AAT with the UCL echelle spectrograph for several epochs. The optical spectrum of He 3-519 is dominated by H I, He I and N II P Cygni profiles and contains weak He II lambda4686 emission. The SWP IUE spectrum consists mainly of Fe II absorption plus a Si IV lambda1400 stellar wind feature. Two strong emission lines possibly due to Fe II and Fe III are present in the LWP spectrum. We find that dramatic optical line profile variability is present in our spectra and comparison with earlier epochs back to 1989 shows that the Balmer P Cygni absorption components disappear and reappear over timescales of weeks. We compare the spectral characteristics of He 3-519 with those of related stars and find that they are most similar to AG Car at, and just after, minimum. We further find that He 3-519 and AG Car at minimum have spectral features that are not consistent with a Ofpe/WN9 spectral type. We instead assign a new spectral class of WN11 to these two stars.We derive E(B-V)= 1.14 +/- 0.10 from the nebular lines, the strengths of diff-use interstellar bands and the 2200 angstrom feature. The measured nebular systemic velocity and the profiles of the Na I and Ca II interstellar lines give a kinematic distance of 8.0 +/- 1.0 kpc. The corresponding M(V) of He 3-519 is -7.1 +/- 0.6. We derive various stellar parameters by fitting the He and H line profiles of He 3-519 using the Hillier non-LTE model atmosphere code. We find T* = 27 500 +/- 1000 K; log L/L. = 5.66(-0.19)+0.22, M = 1.3(-0.4)+0.8 10(-4) M. yr-1, upsilon(infinity) = 365 km s-1, and Y = 0.67 +/- 0.02. We also perform a similar analysis for AG Car and derive its parameters at minimum in 1989 March. We find that both stars have lower temperatures than WN7-8 stars but similar low hydrogen contents, in line with their new WN11 classifications. The position of He 3-519 on the HR diagram is just consistent with the upper luminosity/stability limit.Finally, we consider the nature of the nebula surrounding He 3-519. The shell shows deviations from spherical symmetry but overall is expanding at 61 km s-1 and has an ionized mass of approximately 2 M. The nebular parameters we derive and its similarity to the AG Car nebula indicate that it was probably ejected from He 3-519 approximately 2 10(4) yr ago.The overall properties of He 3-519 and its nebula lead us to conclude that it should be considered as a new LBV. Moreover, the evolved status of both He 3-519 and AG Car indicate that they should properly be considered as cool WN11 stars i.e. they are WR stars which are members of the LBV class because of their proximity to the upper luminosity boundary in the HR diagram. Similarly, their nebulae should be considered as examples of WR ring nebulae.
The Impact of Depression on Quality of Life in Caregivers of Cancer Patients: A Moderated Mediation Model of Spousal Relationship and Caring Burden

Family caregivers play an important role in managing and supporting cancer patients. Although depression in family caregivers is known to negatively affect caregiver health, the mechanism by which it affects caregivers is not clear. The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of depression on quality of life (QoL) in family caregivers of patients with cancer. Specifically, this study examined (1) whether caring burden mediates the relationship between depression and QoL, and (2) how this mediating effect varies depending on the caregiver’s relationship with the patient. This study performed a secondary analysis on cross-sectional survey data. Ninety-three family caregivers of cancer patients were included in the study. Moderated mediation analyses were conducted using PROCESS macro with the regression bootstrapping method. The moderated mediation models and the indirect effect of caregiver depression on QoL through caring burden were significantly different depending on caregivers’ relationships with patients (i.e., spousal or non-spousal). Specifically, the indirect effect of caregiver depression on QoL was greater for the patient’s spouse than for other family caregivers. Healthcare providers should focus on identifying caregivers’ depression and relationship with the patient and offer tailored support and intervention to mitigate the caring burden and improve the caregivers’ QoL.
Modulation doping near Mott-insulator heterojunctions

We argue that interesting strongly correlated two-dimensional electron systems can be created by modulation doping near a heterojunction between Mott insulators. Because the dopant atoms are remote from the carrier system, the electronic system will be weakly disordered. We argue that the competition between different ordered states can be engineered by choosing appropriate values for the dopant density and the setback distance of the doping layer. In particular larger setback distances favor two-dimensional antiferromagnetism over ferromagnetism. We estimate some key properties of modulation-doped Mott insulator heterojunctions by combining insights from Hartree-Fock-Theory and Dynamical-Mean-Field-Theory descriptions and discuss potentially attractive material combinations.
Camera-based wildfire smoke detection for foggy environments

Abstract. Smoke is the first visible sign of forest fires and the most commonly used feature for early forest fire detection using data from cameras. However, one of the natural challenges is the dense fog that appears in forests, which decreases the detection accuracy or triggers false alarms. In this study, we propose a system with a deep neural network-based image preprocessing approach that significantly improves the smoke segmentation and classification performance by dehazing the camera view. Our experimental results provide that the classification models reach 99% F1 score for the correct classification of smoke when the image dehazing method is used before the training process. The smoke localization system achieves 60% average precision when the mask region-based convolutional neural network is used with the ResNet101-FPN backbone. The proposed approach can be utilized for all smoke segmentation frameworks to increase fire detection performance.
Professional transitions: The eportfolio as a curated digital narrative

Contemporary higher education is continually facing change and disruption across global and local educational communities. This has been exacerbated by the impact of the global Covid-19 pandemic, with graduates having to demonstrate discipline-specific knowledge along with adaptability to an ever-changing employment market. To address these needs, the authors advocate a focus on professional transitions by taking advantage of the eportfolio and reframing the digital showcase tool as a curated digital narrative for any discipline. Taking a detailed focus on the case study example of the Verandah Journal, this article demonstrates how one practice-based project can be adaptively framed for diverse job opportunities and can serve as the foundation for a portfolio career. The authors conclude that a flexible, curated demonstration of skills and knowledge creates the foundations for a graduate to narrate their professional transition in a challenging future work environment. Further research is required to expand this understanding to both graduates and prospective employers.
High Sensitivity Spin Defects in hBN Created by High‐Energy He Beam Irradiation

Recently the negatively charged boron vacancies ( VB−$V_{\rm{B}}^{\bm{ - }}$ ) in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) have been shown as spin defects that have great potential in quantum sensing. However, so far the sensitivity is limited by either photoluminescence (PL) intensity or the optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) contrast, and linewidth. In this work, the generation of these spin defects is demonstrated using high‐energy helium ion beams, and ODMR measurements with different laser and microwave powers are performed. The spin defects generated by high‐energy helium ions exhibit a high PL intensity and ODMR contrast while keeping a small linewidth, hence a good sensitivity. By comparing different fluences of helium irradiations, an optimal fluence is determined which is sufficient in creating spin defects without damaging the overall crystal lattice structure. With this optimal fluence, a high signal‐to‐noise ratio ODMR spectrum can be obtained with an accurate measurement of zero‐field splitting frequency, and a best sensitivity as ≈2.55 µT/Hz${\bm{ \approx }}2.55\ {\bf \mu }{\rm{T/}}\sqrt {{\rm{Hz}}} $ . Moreover, with a focused beam, such spin defects can be created deterministically with nanometer precision.