Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neuronal satellitosis is a common finding in the avian brain

ABSTRACT Perineuronal or neuronal satellitosis is the term describing the presence of glial cells in the satellite space surrounding the neuronal perikaryon. Confusingly, this finding has been described both as a physiologic and pathologic condition in humans and animals. In animals, neuronal satellitosis has been described in mammals, as well as in avian species. For the latter, the authors wondered whether neuronal satellitosis is expressed in the normal telencephalon of different avian orders and families and whether this pattern in different species shows a specific brain-region association. For these aims, this study explored the presence of neuronal satellitosis in the major areas of the healthy telencephalon in wild and domestic avian species of different orders and families, evaluating its grade in different brain regions. Neuronal satellitosis was seen in the hyperpallium and mesopallium as areas with the highest grade. Passeriformes showed the highest grade of neuronal satellitosis compared to diurnal or nocturnal raptors, and Charadriiformes. To clarify the exact role of neuronal satellitosis in animals without neurological disease, further studies are needed. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Neuronal satellitosis is a common finding in the healthy avian telencephalon. Neuronal satellitosis is a species- and brain-region-associated finding in birds. Passeriformes have the highest grade of neuronal satellitosis.
Rhabdomyosarcoma With Epithelioid Features And NSD3::FOXO1 Fusion: Evidence For Reconsideration Of Previously Reported FOXO1::FGFR1 Fusion

Epithelioid rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare rhabdomyosarcoma variant for which no diagnostic recurrent driver genetic events have been identified. Here we report a rapidly progressive and widely metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma with epithelioid features that arose in the thigh of a male infant. Conventional cytogenetics revealed a t(8;13)(p11.2;q14) translocation. Fluorescence in situ hybridization studies showed rearrangement of FOXO1 and amplification of its 3” end, and rearrangement of NSD3 and amplification of its 5` end. Next generation sequencing identified a NSD3::FOXO1 fusion, which is a previously unreported gene fusion. We also review the historic report of a FOXO1::FGFR1 fusion in a solid variant of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma and propose that NSD3::FOXO1 fusion may have been the more appropriate interpretation of the data presented in that report.
Inhibition of miR-182-5p attenuates ROS and protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by targeting STK17A

ABSTRACT Reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction inevitably leads to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. A number of miRNAs are reported to be involved in I/R injury. This study aims to investigate the role and underlying mechanism of miR-182-5p in I/R injury. An in vivo model of I/R-induced rat myocardial injury and an in vitro model of H/R H9c2 cells were established to investigate the role and mechanism of miR-182-5p in I/R injury. The myocardial infarct size was determined by TTC staining. The serum CK-MB level was determined by ELISA kit. The miR-182-5p inhibitors or mimics were used to down-regulate or up-regulate its expression. The apoptosis and ROS were detected by flow cytometry. The expression of the proteins was detected by western blot. The binding of STK17A and miR-182-5p was validated by dual-luciferase reporter assay. The miR-182-5p was confirmed to be highly expressed in I/R injury rats and H/R H9c2 cells. Inhibition of miR-182-5p significantly reduced the infarct size and decreased the serum CK-MB level of I/R rats, and significantly reduced the ROS level but increased the level of MnSOD and catalase. While, an opposite effect was observed in the miR-182-5p mimics group. Furthermore, our results suggested that miR-182-5p targeted STK17A, and TK17A knockdown significantly increased the apoptotic rate and ROS level. The inhibitory effect of miR-182-5p inhibitors on apoptotic rate, ROS, MnSOD, and catalase levels were abrogated by siSTK17A. These results indicate that miR-182-5p regulates the apoptosis and ROS and protects against myocardial I/R injury by targeting STK17A.
Validating a Simulated Emergency Course for Nurses Working in ENT

Objectives: Nurses are increasingly providing routine and emergency ENT care; yet there are often limited training opportunities. The aim of this study was to validate an intensive 1-day ENT emergency simulation course for nurses. Methods: The course included short lectures, practical skills stations and mannequin simulation scenarios. Sixteen nurse participants were video-recorded managing simulated scenarios before and after the course. Two assessors scored individual participant performance on a 15-point competency grid (maximum score 30), blinded to the timing of the recording. Participants also rated their confidence and skill before and immediately following the course across 11 items using a 5-point Likert score (maximum score 55). Results: Blinded assessor ratings for performance were significantly improved after the course compared to baseline (overall score 12 vs 7, respectively; P = .015). There was strong assessor inter-rater reliability (R = 0.965). Self-rated skills and confidence also increased following the course (46.7 vs 24.4 at baseline; P < .01). Conclusion: Simulation-based training is an effective and desirable method of teaching ENT emergency management to nurses, with greatest impact on participant confidence. Future courses need to refine the content and increase the validation sample size using a nurse-specific scoring system.
Identification of Hip and Knee Joint Impedance During the Swing Phase of Walking

Knowledge on joint impedance during walking in various conditions is relevant for clinical decision-making and the development of robotic gait trainers, leg prostheses, leg orthotics and wearable exoskeletons. Whereas ankle impedance during walking has been experimentally assessed, knee and hip joint impedance during walking have not been identified yet. Here we developed and evaluated a lower limb perturbator to identify hip, knee and ankle joint impedance during treadmill walking. The lower limb perturbator (LOPER) consists of an actuator connected to the thigh via rods. The LOPER allows to apply force perturbations to a free-hanging leg, while standing on the contralateral leg, with a bandwidth of up to 39 Hz. While walking in minimal impedance mode, the interaction forces between LOPER and the thigh were low (<5N) and the effect on the walking pattern was smaller than the within-subject variability during normal walking. Using a non-linear multibody dynamical model of swing leg dynamics, the hip, knee and ankle joint impedance were estimated at three time points during the swing phase for nine subjects walking at a speed of 0.5 m/s. The identified model was well able to predict the experimental responses for the hip and knee, since the mean variance accounted (VAF) for was 99% and 96%, respectively. The ankle lacked a consistent response and the mean VAF of the model fit was only 77%, and therefore the estimated ankle impedance was not reliable. The averaged across-subjects stiffness varied between the three time points within 34–66 and 0–3.5 Nm/rad Nm/rad for the hip and knee joint respectively. The damping varied between 1.9–4.6 and 0.02–0.14 Nms/rad Nms/rad for hip and knee respectively. The developed LOPER has a negligible effect on the unperturbed walking pattern and allows to identify hip and knee impedance during the swing phase.
Short-Term High-Fat Diet Alters Acetaminophen Metabolism in Healthy Individuals

Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Background: Acetaminophen is metabolized through a nontoxic sulfation and glucuronidation pathway and toxic oxidation pathway (via CYP2E1 and CYP1A2). A short-term high-fat diet induces alterations in the steatotic liver and may alter hepatic drug enzyme activity. In the case of acetaminophen, these alterations may result in an increased risk of hepatotoxicity. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the effect of a 3-day hypercaloric high-fat diet on the plasma levels of acetaminophen metabolites. Methods: Nine healthy subjects participated in this randomized, crossover intervention study. The subjects consumed a regular diet or a regular diet supplemented with 500 mL of cream (1700 kcal) for 3 days and then fasted overnight. After ingesting 1000-mg acetaminophen, the plasma concentration of acetaminophen (APAP) and its metabolites [acetaminophen glucuronide, acetaminophen sulfate, 3-cysteinyl-acetaminophen, and 3-(N-acetyl-L-cystein-S-yl)-acetaminophen, and 3-methoxy-acetaminophen] were measured. Results: The 3-day high-fat diet increased the extrapolated area under the concentration–time curve from 0 to infinity (area under the curve0–inf) of APAP-Cys by approximately 20% (P = 0.02) and that from 0 to 8 hours (area under the curve0–8) of APAP-Cys-NAC by approximately 39% (P = 0.01). The 3-day high-fat diet did not alter the pharmacokinetic parameters of the parent compound acetaminophen and other metabolites. Conclusions: A short-term, hypercaloric, high-fat diet increases the plasma levels of the APAP metabolites formed by the oxidation pathway, which may increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.
CD206+ tumor-associated macrophages cross-present tumor antigen and drive antitumor immunity

In many solid cancers, tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) represent the predominant myeloid cell population. Antigen (Ag) cross-presentation leading to tumor Ag–directed cytotoxic CD8+ T cell responses is crucial for antitumor immunity. However, the role of recruited monocyte-derived macrophages, including TAM, as potential cross-presenting cells is not well understood. Here, we show that primary human as well as mouse CD206+ macrophages are effective in functional cross-presentation of soluble self-Ag and non–self-Ag, including tumor-associated Ag (TAA), as well as viral Ag. To confirm the presence of cross-presenting TAM in vivo, we performed phenotypic and functional analysis of TAM from B16-F10 and CT26 syngeneic tumor models and have identified CD11b+F4/80hiCD206+ TAM to effectively cross-present TAA. We show that CD11b+CD206+ TAM represent the dominant tumor-infiltrating myeloid cell population, expressing a unique cell surface repertoire, promoting Ag cross-presentation and Ag-specific CD8+ T cell activation comparable with cross-presenting CLEC9A+ DCs (cDC1). The presence of cross-presenting CD206+ TAM is associated with reduced tumor burden in mouse syngeneic tumor models and with improved overall survival in cutaneous melanoma patients. Therefore, the demonstration of effective Ag cross-presentation capabilities of CD206+ TAM, including their clinical relevance, expands our understanding of TAM phenotypic diversity and functional versatility.
Comprehensive Evaluation Method for Distribution Network Fault Risk

Traditional reliability analysis does not take the probabilistic characteristic of fault severity into account and the operation risk assessment only utilizes limited operation condition data. In order to tackle the above insufficiencies,a scientific and proper comprehensive evaluation method of multi-factor influenced distribution network fault risk is proposed,which would guide practical distribution network planning and construction. Initially,based on the benchmarking fault risk and accompanied with the influencial factors such as weather,load and time,a comprehensive evaluation calculating method for distribution network fault risk is proposed. Subsequently,on the viewpoint of risk,an overall and proper index system reflecting distribution network benchmarking fault risk is constructed. Finally,classification of fault probability,fault severity and the integrated fault risk is performed. Results of the numerical example indicates that this method can effectively evaluate distribution network fault risk,and illustrate the weak links of distribution network.
Optimal Projection Filters

We present the two new notions of projection of a stochastic differential equation (SDE) onto a submanifold, as developed in Armstrong, Brigo e Rossi Ferrucci (2019, 2018): the Ito-vector and Ito-jet projections. This allows one to systematically and optimally develop low dimensional approximations to high dimensional SDEs using differential geometric techniques. Our new projections are based on optimality arguments and yield a well-defined ``optimal'' approximation to the original SDE in the mean-square sense. We also show that the earlier Stratonovich projection satisfies an optimality criterion that is more ad hoc and less natural than the criteria satisfied by the new projections. As an application, we consider approximating the solution of the non-linear filtering problem within a given manifold of densities, using either the Hellinger or $L^2$ direct metrics and related Information Geometry structures on the space of densities. The Stratonovich projection had yielded the projection filters studied in Brigo, Hanzon and Le Gland (1998, 1999), while the new projections lead to the optimal projection filters. The optimal projection filters have been introduced in Armstrong, Brigo e Rossi Ferrucci (2019), where numerical examples for the Gaussian case are given and where they are compared to more traditional nonlinear filters.
Automatically debugging AutoML pipelines using maro: ML automated remediation oracle

Machine learning in practice often involves complex pipelines for data cleansing, feature engineering, preprocessing, and prediction. These pipelines are composed of operators, which have to be correctly connected and whose hyperparameters must be correctly configured. Unfortunately, it is quite common for certain combinations of datasets, operators, or hyperparameters to cause failures. Diagnosing and fixing those failures is tedious and error-prone and can seriously derail a data scientist's workflow. This paper describes an approach for automatically debugging an ML pipeline, explaining the failures, and producing a remediation. We implemented our approach, which builds on a combination of AutoML and SMT, in a tool called Maro. Maro works seamlessly with the familiar data science ecosystem including Python, Jupyter notebooks, scikit-learn, and AutoML tools such as Hyperopt. We empirically evaluate our tool and find that for most cases, a single remediation automatically fixes errors, produces no additional faults, and does not significantly impact optimal accuracy nor time to convergence.
A Unified Framework for Verification of Observational Properties for Partially-Observed Discrete-Event Systems

In this paper, we investigate property verification problems in partially-observed discrete-event systems (DES). Particularly, we are interested in verifying observational properties that are related to the information-flow of the system. Observational properties considered here include diagnosability, predictability, detectability and opacity, which have drawn considerable attentions in the literature. However, in contrast to existing results, where different verification procedures are developed for different properties case-by-case, in this work, we provide a unified framework for verifying all these properties by reducing each of them as an instance of HyperLTL model checking. Our approach is based on the construction of a Kripke structure that effectively captures the issue of unobservability as well as the finite string semantics in partially-observed DES so that HyperLTL model checking techniques can be suitably applied. Then for each observational property considered, we explicitly provide the HyperLTL formula to be checked over the Kripke structure for the purpose of verification. Our approach is uniform in the sense that all different properties can be verified with the same model checking engine. Furthermore, our unified framework also brings new insights for classifying observational properties for partially-observed DES in terms of their verification complexity.
Spatio-temporal correlations in turbulence from functional renormalisation group

Space-time correlations are central objects in the statistical theory of turbulence and their modelling plays a crucial role in many applications. Simple phenomenological arguments, such as the Tennekes-Kraichnan random sweeping hypothesis, has proven particularly useful in this respect. However, it remains to be explained how such a simple description can emerge from the highly complex multi-scale nature of turbulence. Recently, the functional renormalisation group (FRG) has rooted important progress in this direction for homogeneous isotropic and stationary turbulence. Indeed, it has allowed for the rigorous derivation, from the Navier-Stokes equation, of an analytical expression for any Eulerian multi-point multi-time correlation function in the limit of large wavenumbers. The corresponding expression for the two-point function conﬁrms the eﬀect of sweeping at small time-delays and yields its precise form, while it unveils a crossover to another regime at large time delays characterised by a slower decay. Moreover, the description of the spatio-temporal behaviour is extended for all 𝑛 -point correlation functions. In this paper, we propose an overview of these results and more generally of the FRG method for turbulence. We give a basic introduction to the FRG and emphasise how the ﬁeld-theoretical framework allows one to systematically and profoundly exploit the symmetries. We show the existence of a ﬁxed-point which controls turbulence for large-scale forcing, which is accessible owing to the non-perturbative nature of the FRG. The major part of the paper is devoted to expounding the spatio-temporal behaviour of correlation functions, and largely illustrating these results through the analysis of direct numerical simulations of homogeneous isotropic turbulence, and also scalar turbulence.
Structural lubricity of physisorbed gold clusters on graphite and its breakdown: Role of boundary conditions and contact lines

The sliding motion of gold slabs adsorbed on a graphite substrate is simulated using molecular dynamics. The central quantity of interest is the mean lateral force, that is, the kinetic friction rather than the maximum lateral forces, which correlates with the static friction. For most setups, we find Stokesian damping to resist sliding. However, velocity-insensitive (Coulomb) friction is observed for finite-width slabs sliding parallel to the armchair direction if the bottom-most layer of the three graphite layers is kept at zero stress rather than at zero displacement. Although the resulting kinetic friction remains much below the noise produced by the erratic fluctuations of (conservative) forces typical for structurally lubric contacts, the nature of the instabilities leading to Coulomb friction could be characterized as quasi-discontinuous dynamics of the Moiré patterns formed by the normal displacements near a propagating contact line. It appears that the interaction of graphite with the second gold layer is responsible for the symmetry break occurring at the interface when a contact line moves parallel to the armchair rather than to the zigzag direction.
Random multi-hooking networks

We introduce a broad class of multi-hooking networks, wherein multiple copies of a seed are hooked at each step at random locations, and the number of copies follows a predetermined building sequence of numbers. We analyze the degree profile in random multi-hooking networks by tracking two kinds of node degrees—the local average degree of a specific node over time and the global overall average degree in the graph. The former experiences phases and the latter is invariant with respect to the type of building sequence and is somewhat similar to the average degree in the initial seed. We also discuss the expected number of nodes of the smallest degree. Additionally, we study distances in the network through the lens of the average total path length, the average depth of a node, the eccentricity of a node, and the diameter of the graph.
SIMD2: a generalized matrix instruction set for accelerating tensor computation beyond GEMM

Matrix-multiplication units (MXUs) are now prevalent in every computing platform. The key attribute that makes MXUs so successful is the semiring structure, which allows tiling for both parallelism and data reuse. Nonetheless, matrix-multiplication is not the only algorithm with such attributes. We find that many algorithms share the same structure and differ in only the core operation; for example, using add-minimum instead of multiply-add. Algorithms with a semiring-like structure therefore have potential to be accelerated by a general-purpose matrix operation architecture, instead of common MXUs. In this paper, we propose SIMD2, a new programming paradigm to support generalized matrix operations with a semiring-like structure. SIMD2 instructions accelerate eight more types of matrix operations, in addition to matrix multiplications. Since SIMD2 instructions resemble a matrix-multiplication instruction, we are able to build SIMD2 architecture on top of any MXU architecture with minimal modifications. We developed a framework that emulates and validates SIMD2 using NVIDIA GPUs with Tensor Cores. Across 8 applications, SIMD2 provides up to 38.59× speedup and more than 6.94× on average over optimized CUDA programs, with only 5% of full-chip area overhead.
A Zeroth-Order Proximal Stochastic Gradient Method for Weakly Convex Stochastic Optimization

In this paper we analyze a zeroth-order proximal stochastic gradient method suitable for the minimization of weakly convex stochastic optimization problems. We consider nonsmooth and nonlinear stochastic composite problems, for which (sub-)gradient information might be unavailable. The proposed algorithm utilizes the well-known Gaussian smoothing technique, which yields unbiased zeroth-order gradient estimators of a related partially smooth surrogate problem (in which one of the two nonsmooth terms in the original problem's objective is replaced by a smooth approximation). This allows us to employ a standard proximal stochastic gradient scheme for the approximate solution of the surrogate problem, which is determined by a single smoothing parameter, and without the utilization of first-order information. We provide state-of-the-art convergence rates for the proposed zeroth-order method using minimal assumptions. The proposed scheme is numerically compared against alternative zeroth-order methods as well as a stochastic sub-gradient scheme on a standard phase retrieval problem. Further, we showcase the usefulness and effectiveness of our method for the unique setting of automated hyper-parameter tuning. In particular, we focus on automatically tuning the parameters of optimization algorithms by minimizing a novel heuristic model. The proposed approach is tested on a proximal alternating direction method of multipliers for the solution of $\mathcal{L}_1/\mathcal{L}_2$-regularized PDE-constrained optimal control problems, with evident empirical success.
A Search for Exoplanets in Open Clusters and Young Associations based on TESS Objects of Interest

We report the results of our search for planet candidates in open clusters and young stellar associations based on the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) Objects of Interest Catalog. We find one confirmed planet, one promising candidate, one brown dwarf and three unverified planet candidates in a sample of 1229 open clusters from the second Gaia data release. We discuss individual planet-star systems based on their basic parameters, membership probability and the observation notes from the ExoFOP-TESS website. We also find ten planet candidates (P > 95%) in young stellar associations by using the BANYAN Σ Multivariate Bayesian Algorithm. Among the ten candidates, five are known planetary systems. We estimate the rotation periods of the host stars using the TESS light curves and estimate their ages based on gyrochronology. Two candidates with periodic variations are likely to be young planets, but their exact memberships to young stellar associations remain unknown.