Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CAEPR Working Paper #2015-005 Revealing Incentives for Compatibility Provision in Vertically Differentiated Network Industries

We determine the incentives for compatibility provision of firms that produce network goods with different intrinsic qualities. We consider the case in which both firms have the power to veto compatibility and the case in which none has this power. We obtain that if consumers have a strong preference for the network, there are multiple equilibria in pricing and consumer decisions. We show that in some equilibria, it is the high quality firm that invests in compatibility, whereas in others, the low quality firm triggers compatibility. The socially optimal ∗We thank two anonymous referees for detailed and constructive comments. We are grateful to Oscar Amerighi, Rabah Amir, Emanuele Bacchiega, Robert Becker, Paul Belleflamme, Paolo Colla, João Correia da Silva, Giuseppe De Feo, Vincenzo Denicolò, Mario Denni, Luigi Filippini, Jean Gabszewicz, Luca Lambertini, Luca Opromolla, Frank Page, Martin Peitz, Tirelli, Gustavo Torrens, Vincent Vannetelbosch, Xavier Wauthy, and seminar audiences at EARIE 2008 (Toulouse University), at ESEM 2008 (Bocconi University), at the University of Bologna, at FUSL and CREI for useful comments and discussion about an earlier draft. Financial support by FCT (FundaÃ§Ã£o para a CiÃncia e a Tecnologia), Portugal is gratefully acknowledged. This article is part of project PTDC/EGEECO/122507/2010 †Indiana University and ISEG / UECE. 20, Rua Miguel Lúpi, 1249-078 Lisbon, Portugal; email: fgarcia@iseg.utl. pt ‡Department of Economics, University of Bologna, Strada Maggiore 45, 40125 Bologna. E-mail: cecilia.vergari@unibo.it.
Regional hydrological impacts of climate and socio-economic change in North West England, UK.

An integrated approach to assessing the regional hydrological impacts of climate and socio-economic change is described for North West England, UK for the 2050s. A series of models were linked to investingate the effects of future climate and socio-economic change on the sectors driving landscape change. Many factors will affect future catchment behaviour including changed precipitation and temperature regimes, flooding, urbanization, woodland establishment, and changes in cropping and rotations. The results show that to focus on the direct impacts of climate change is to neglect the potentially important role of policy, societal values and economic processes in shaping the landscape of our catchments, and thus hydrological processes.
Promotive Effects of Cellulolytic Enzymes Produced by Biomass-Degrading Bacteria on Saccharification of Different Pretreated Corn Stovers

Enzymatic saccharification of corn stover can be enhanced by partially replacing commercial enzymes with bacterial crude enzyme extracts. Three bacteria, Bacillus sp. A0, Bacillus sp. CH20S1, and Exiguobacterium sp. AS2B, were cultured in a media with corn stover as the substrate. The cultural conditions were monitored and optimized to maximize CMCase and xylanase activity in the crude enzyme extracts. After 72 h of hydrolysis of corn stover with diluted crude enzymes (DCE) from the three strains, reducing sugars were released from non-pretreated and pretreated corn stovers. Values of the released sugars ranged from 48.23–71.69 mg g− 1, which were lower than those released by commercial cellulase (100–400 mg g− 1). The synergistic effects were observed when 12 FPU g− 1 and 4 FPU g− 1 of commercial cellulase were added to the DCE of the CH20S1 strain producing 315.90 mg g− 1 and 320.65 mg g− 1 reducing sugars, respectively. It was shown that an effective combination of bacterial DCE with commercial enzymes could achieve more cost-efficient saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass compared to either of the two enzymes used alone.
Mediating Role of Optimism Toward Aging in the Relationship Between Intergenerational Communication and Life Satisfaction in Older Adults

Background: Social communication is one of the important factors for older adults’ life satisfaction. However, the impact of intergenerational communication dimensions on it and the role of optimism toward aging in this correlation is unclear. Objectives: This study investigated the mediating role of optimism toward aging in the association between intergenerational communication and older adults’ life satisfaction. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 550 older adults in Bojnord, Iran, who were selected by a multistage sampling method. Data were collected with the Optimism Toward Aging (OTA) scale, a single-item measure of life satisfaction, and the intergenerational communication scale with two dimensions, intergenerational accommodative communication (IAC) and intergenerational non-accommodative communication (INAC). Structural equation modeling using maximum likelihood estimation was adopted in Amos 24.0. Results: The mean age of the participants was 67.74 ± 7.18, and 240 people (43.6%) were men. The results revealed that IAC had no significant direct association with life satisfaction (LS) (β = 0.02, P > 0.05), but INAC had a significant negative direct association with it (β = -0.170, p < 0.001). Unlike IAC (β = 0.474, P < 0.001), INAC did not show direct associations with OTA (β = 0.002, P > 0.05). However, only IAC could indirectly affect the LS of older adults through the complete mediating effect of OTA (β = 0.145, CI = [0.100, 0.199], P < 0.001). Conclusions: The findings suggested the positive effect of optimism toward aging on intergenerational accommodative communication and life satisfaction. Intergenerational non-accommodation exhibited a stronger direct association with life satisfaction in older adults than intergenerational accommodation. Thus, to enhance life satisfaction in older adults, it is necessary to give special attention to improving their communication with young people and promoting their optimism.
Robust Monetary Policy Rules with Unknown Natural Rates

We examine the performance and robustness properties of alternative monetary policy rules in the presence of structural change that renders the natural rates of interest and unemployment uncertain. Using a forward-looking quarterly model of the U.S. economy, estimated over the 1969-2002 period, we show that the cost of underestimating the extent of misperceptions regarding the natural rates significantly exceeds the costs of overestimating such errors. Naive adoption of policy rules optimized under the false presumption that misperceptions regarding the natural rates are likely to be small proves particularly costly. Our results suggest that a simple and effective approach for dealing with ignorance about the degree of uncertainty in estimates of the natural rates is to adopt difference rules for monetary policy, in which the short-term nominal interest rate is raised or lowered from its existing level in response to inflation and changes in economic activity. These rules do not require knowledge of the natural rates of interest or unemployment for setting policy and are consequently immune to the likely misperceptions in these concepts. To illustrate the differences in outcomes that could be attributed to the alternative policies we also examine the role of misperceptions for the stagflationary experience of the 1970s and the disinflationary boom of the 1990s.
Human capital as a factor of growth and employment at the regional level. The case of Spain

We use statistical techniques to quantify the effects of school attainment on individual wages, participation rates and employment probabilities in Spain, and to measure the contribution of education to labour productivity at the regional level. These estimates are then combined with data on private and public expenditure on education and with information on taxes and social benefits to construct measures of the private and social returns to schooling, to explore the effects of public policies on private incentives to invest in human capital, and to analyse the long-term effects of schooling on public finances. The results are used, together with estimates of the returns to alternative assets, to draw some tentative conclusions regarding the adequacy of the aggregate investment patterns observed in the regions of Spain, and to identify changes in the design of national and EU cohesion and growth policies that may help enhance their effectiveness.
Ateroskleroza, epigenetske spremembe in togost arterij Atherosclerosis, epigenetic modifications, and arterial stiffness

Atherosclerosis is a chronic, inflammatory vascular disease, characterized by progressive plaque build-up in the vessel wall, leading to tissue ischemia. It is the most common cause of cardiovascular diseases and is a major epidemiologic concern in modern society. The pathophysiology of atherosclerosis includes two main events: endothelial injury and vessel wall inflammation. Recent findings indicate that the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis involves dynamic changes in epigenetic modifications and gene expression in a cell type-and stage-specific manner. Epigenetics is the study of gene expression and involves phenotypical variations without genotypic changes. Three major epigenetic mechanisms participate in atherosclerosis: DNA methylation, posttranslational modifications of histones, and non-coding RNA molecules
Masked Diffusion Models are Fast Learners

Diffusion models have emerged as the de-facto technique for image generation, yet they entail signiﬁcant computational overhead, hindering the technique’s broader application in the research community. We propose a prior-based denoising training framework, the ﬁrst to incorporate the pre-train and ﬁne-tune paradigm into the diffusion model training process, which substantially improves training efﬁciency and shows potential in facilitating various downstream tasks. Our approach centers on masking a high proportion (e.g., up to 90%) of the input image and employing masked score matching to denoise the visible areas, thereby guiding the diffusion model to learn more salient features from training data as prior knowledge. By utilizing this masked learning process in a pre-training stage, we efﬁciently train the ViT-based diffusion model on CelebA-HQ 256 × 256 in the pixel space, achieving a 4x acceleration and enhancing the quality of generated images compared to DDPM. Moreover, our masked pre-training technique is universally applicable to various diffusion models that directly generate images in the pixel space and facilitates learning pre-trained models with excellent generalizability: a diffusion model pre-trained on VGGFace2 attains a 46% quality improvement through ﬁne-tuning with merely 10% local data. Our code is available at https://github.com/ jiachenlei/maskdm .
ANALISIS PERFORMANSI JARINGAN SOFTWARE DEFINE NETWORK (SDN) MENGGUNAKAN ARUBA VAN CONTROLLER

SDN technology is a new architecture in the network that separates the control plan from the data plan. Aruba VAN Controller provides centralized control in a network architecture that runs on the OpenFlow protocol. This study conducted an SDN network simulation using the Aruba VAN Controller by applying the Narmox Spear application to simplify network configuration. IP addressing with DHCP server, for testing scenarios using UDP protocol packet delivery with packets sent at 1000 Bytes, the number of packets sent is 100 packets/s, then given background traffic variations of 50 Mbps, 100 Mbps, 150 Mbps and 200 Mbps to networks that have two different link bandwidth values as a comparison for analyzing the results of testing the QoS parameters, which are 100 Mbps and 200 Mbps. The test results are obtained when background traffic exceeds the link bandwidth capacity, the resulting throughput will be smaller on the destination side by 485.64 Kb/s, delay increases by 240.21 ms, then for
Atlas of breeding birds of the London area

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Learning Visual Categories based on Probabilistic Latent Component Models with Semi-supervised Labeling

—This paper proposes a learning method of object and scene categories based on probabilistic latent component models in conjunction with semi-supervised object class labeling. In this method, a set of object segments extracted from scene images of each scene category is ﬁrstly clustered by the probabilistic latent component analysis with the variable number of classes, next the probabilistic latent component tree is generated as a classiﬁcation tree of all the object classes of all the scene categories, and then object classes are incrementally labeled by propagating prior scene category labels and posterior object category labels given to representative object instances of some object classes as teaching signals. Through experiments by using images of plural categories in an image database, it is shown that the method works effectively in learning a labeled object category tree and object category composition of scene categories and achieves high performance for object and scene recognition.
Physiological response of Cistus salviifolius L. to high arsenic 3 concentrations 4

16 Arsenic is a trace element found in the environment which can be particularly toxic to living 17 organisms. However, some plant species such as those of the genus Cistus are able to grow in soils 18 with high As concentrations and could be used in the sustainable rehabilitation of mining areas 19 through phytostabilization. In this work, the growth and the physiological response of Cistus 20 salviifolius L. to As induced oxidative stress at several concentrations (reaching 30 mg L -1 ) in an 21 hydroponic system were evaluated for 30 days. Several growth parameters, chlorophyll content, 22 chemical composition, one indicator of oxidative stress (H 2 O 2 ) and two of the major anti-oxidative 23 metabolites (ascorbate and glutathione) were analyzed.
Developing and tailoring business process management methods using the situational method engineering approach

Effective business process management is one of the key tasks of every organization if it wants to compete successfully on the market and satisfy the needs of its customers. Although there are many established best practices, techniques, and more or less complex methods in business process management, no approach can fulfill a typical organization’s needs and wants. The key to success lies in developing new or adapting existing approaches for business process management to suit the unique characteristics of individual organizations and projects. This demands a solid methodological framework and a clearly defined work process. The aim of the paper is to apply situational method engineering concepts within the realm of business process management, thereby tackling the challenge mentioned above. As a result, a situational method engineering framework is defined to construct and customize business process management methods. The study proposes the conceptual foundations of the framework and a set of processes for constructing holistic and tailored methods that cover various aspects of business process management (analysis, modeling, management, etc.). The basis of the framework is represented by general method components at a higher level of abstraction, which are assembled into holistic methods via interfaces and are transformed into versions adapted to specific situations using tailoring rules. The practical applicability of the proposed framework is validated through its implementation in a project at a large manufacturing company, where it is used to develop both a general and customized business process management method.
No . 138 SOME EXPERIMENTS IN CONSTRUCTING A HYBRID MODEL FOR MACROECONOMIC ANALYSIS

VAR analysis is a widespread method of quantitatively analyzing macro-economic issues. In this paper we examine the use of "hybrid" VAR models that retain the short-run features of a VAR but are designed to reproduce selected characteristics of calibrated models that are frequently used for the simulation of policy actions. The calibrated model we use is the McKibbin Sachs Global (MSG2) model of the world economy. For permanent shocks we constrain the long-run responses in the hybrid model to match those from MSG2. For transitory shocks we match shorter-run cumulative responses. The estimated effects of a permanent US money supply shock are broadly consistent with those of MSG2, but differ in some dimensions from those obtained from a standard recursive VAR.
Who wants to be a blabbermouth? Prosodic cues to correct answers in the WWTBAM quiz show scenario

Innovating Speech Elicitation Techniques (INSPECT) is a line of research that aims to describe and quantify how different recording methods and materials affect speech production both inside and outside the laboratory. In addition, it aims to find new elicitation techniques or refine established techniques such that they provide a better control over speaking styles and/or target variables, particularly with respect to informal and expressive speech. Against this background, the present study investigates if and how typefaces of texts affect prosodic patterns in read speech. Analysing recordings of 24 Standard German native speakers showed that typeface has clear effects on the realization of prosodic patterns in read speech tasks. This includes local events like disfluencies, laughter, and breathing, as well as holistic characteristics of prosodic phrases like mean f0 and intensity levels, f0 ranges, f0 slopes, and speaking rates. For example, texts using sans-serif typefaces like Arial were produced very fluently. The opposite was true for typefaces like Forte and Times, which caused more expressive speech, laughter, and L* and H% intonations.
LGI1 and CASPR2-related Morvan syndrome - diagnostic challenges in a pediatric case

Morvan syndrome is a rare immune-mediated pathology involving the central, peripheral and autonomic nervous systems. Although it was described in adults, mostly as a paraneoplastic syndrome, it is rarely seen in pediatric patients. In this report, we present the case of a 15-year-old male patient who experienced insomnia, peripheral nerve hyperexcitability and autonomic signs, highly suggestive for Morvan syndrome, but prone to diagnostic dilemmas as well. The diagnosis was confirmed by the presence of antibodies against voltage-gated potassium channels (VGKC). This article aims to highlight the unique clinical picture of a rare syndrome, diagnostic pitfalls and treatment options in pediatric patients.
Periodontal Disease and Its Genetic Link – A Review

This era of modern technology has opened up various routes for improvement and detection of the root cause of diseases. Many studies regarding periodontal disease and their relation with genetics have been conducted which clearly show that large number of genes play a predisposing and progressing factors in periodontal disease. Thus, this review article aim to enlight the genetic risk factors and their influence on periodontal disease.
The LANDFIRE prototype project: Nationally consistent and locally relevant geospatial data for wildland fire management

The Landscape Fire and Resource Management Planning Tools Prototype Project, or LANDFIRE Prototype Project, began in April of 2002 and ended in April of 2005. The project was funded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service and U.S. Department of the Interior. The objectives of the LANDFIRE Prototype Project were to develop the methods, tools, and protocols for producing consistent and comprehensive digital maps of current vegetation composition and structure, wildland fuel, historical fire regimes, and fire regime condition class (FRCC) to be applied across the entire United States at a 30-meter spatial resolution. The LANDFIRE Prototype Project was conducted in two large study areas: the first in the highlands of central Utah and the second in the northern Rocky Mountains of Idaho and Montana. The LANDFIRE Prototype Project involved the compilation of a large field-referenced database to serve as training data for developing predictive landscape models; the development of Landsat image catalogs and biophysical gradient layers to serve as spatial predictors for mapping vegetation and wildland fuel characteristics; the development of vegetation and fuel map unit classifications; the development of a suite of vegetation dynamics models for simulating vegetation development over time; the implementation of a landscape succession model (LANDSUMv4) for simulating historical fire regimes and vegetation reference conditions; and the development of maps of surface and canopy fuel and fire effects fuel models for application in wildland fire management planning. This report describes the scientific foundations of LANDFIRE and provides details on the methods and results of the LANDFIRE Prototype Project.
Veri cation of IEEE Compliant SubtractiveDivision

A parameterized deenition of subtractive oating point division algorithms is presented and veriied using PVS. The general algorithm is proven to satisfy a formal deenition of an IEEE standard for oating point arithmetic. The utility of the general speciication is illustrated using a number of diierent instances of the general algorithm.
A Distributed Delay Method for Event-Triggered Control of T–S Fuzzy Networked Systems With Transmission Delay

This paper presents the event-triggered control for Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy networked systems with transmission delay. An integral-based model is proposed for designing a new event-triggered scheme, which relies on the mean of the system state and the last triggered state. To handle the asynchronous premises of the fuzzy system and fuzzy controller, a novel triggering condition is added into the event-triggered mechanism. Then, the closed-loop T–S fuzzy event-triggered control system is established as a distributed delay system. With the help of the Legendre polynomials and their properties, the co-design conditions of triggering parameters and controller gains are given in linear matrix inequalities to ensure the asymptotic stability of the resulting closed-loop system. Finally, an experiment via a practical wireless network is implemented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
An´alise do M´etodo de Extens˜ao Ativa da Constelac¸˜ao para Reduc¸˜ao de PAPR em sistemas OFDM

— The high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is one of the main disadvantages of OFDM systems, which reduces the transmission efﬁciency with nonlinear power ampliﬁers and causes unwanted distortions and out-of-band radiation. Among the many proposed schemes to mitigate this problem, the active constellation extension method, also called Jones’ method, deserves some attention, as it is efﬁcient and doesn’t require any extra signalling. In this contribution we make a thorough analysis of this method, considering its performance with variable complexity and different optimisation parameters for several ampliﬁer models and different modulation schemes
The Maori of Aotearoa-New Zealand

A reappraisal of the Maori in New Zealand, as the country commemorates the 150th anniversary of the Treaty of Waitangi. It outlines Maori history and the forces that have shaped their contemporary situation. Areas covered by this revised and updated report include Maori identity, the impact of European settlement, 20th-century developments, Maori militancy, the Waitangi tribunal, socio-economic indicators, initiatives taken by the Lange government and the state of race relations in New Zealand today.