Actualización epidemiológica de la leishmaniasis cutánea americana en Venezuela. Periodo 2010-2014.

La Leishmaniasis Cutanea Americana (LCA) es una enfermedad infecciosa producida por diferentes especies de parasitos protozoarios de la familia Trypanosomatidae, del genero Leishmania spp. En America es transmitida al ser humano por la picadura de insectos de la familia Psychodidae, del genero Lutzomyia. En Venezuela esta enfermedad puede presentar diversas manifestaciones clinicas que abarca desde formas ulceradas que aparecen y permanecen en el lugar de la picadura del vector y que se conocen como Leishmaniasis Cutanea Localizada (LCL), lesiones acneiformes y multiples como la Leishmaniasis Diseminada (LD), formas cronicas o intermedias como la Leishmaniasis Cutanea Mucosa (LCM) y la Leishmaniasis Cutanea Intermedia (LCI), como es denominada en Venezuela, hasta la forma mas severa de la enfermedad, caracterizada por nodulos y placas generalizadas denominada Leishmaniasis Cutanea Difusa (LCD). En este estudio se describen las caracteristicas generales y algunos aspectos de sus diferentes manifestaciones clinicas en Venezuela, para lo cual se realizo un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de la informacion contenida en la base de datos del registro nacional de Leishmaniasis del Instituto de Biomedicina Dr. Jacinto Convit. La informacion fue analizada con EpiInfo 3.5. 1 y Excel. Durante el periodo 2010-2014 fueron diagnosticados 8.937 casos de Leishmaniasis cutanea americana (LCA) en sus diferentes formas, con una tasa promedio de 6,09 x 100.000 habitantes. La mayor incidencia de casos se presentaron en los Estados Tachira, Yaracuy, Portuguesa y Cojedes, este ultimo presento la tasa mas elevada (24,8) de todo el periodo. La forma clinica mas comun fue la LCL con 98,11% (8.768), seguido de la LCM con 1,12% (100), LCI con 0,66% (59) y la LCD con 0,11% (10). Epidemiological update of the American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Venezuela. Period 2010-2014. Summary: American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) is an infectious disease caused by various species of protozoan parasites Trypanosomatidae, Leishmania spp. In America it is transmitted to humans by the bite of insects from Psychodidae family, sandflies. In Venezuela this disease may present various clinical manifestations ranging from ulcerated forms that appear and remain on the site of the sting of the vector and which are known as localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL), acneiform and multiple injuries as Disseminated leishmaniasis (DL) chronic or intermediate forms as Cutaneous Leishmaniasis mucosa (MCL) and Intermedia Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ICL), as it is known in Venezuela, and the most severe form of the disease characterized by nodules and generalized plaques called diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (DCL). In this study, we described the general characteristics of different clinical manifestations in Venezuela, by means of a retrospective analysis of the information held in the database of the National Registry of Leishmaniasis in the Instituto de Biomedicina "Dr. Jacinto Convit" . The information was analyzed with EpiInfo 3.5. 1 and Excel. During the period 2010-2014, 8,937cases were diagnosed with American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) in its different forms, with an average rate of 6.09 per 100,000 inhabitants. The highest incidence of patients occurred in the states of Tachira, Yaracuy, Portuguesa and Cojedes, the latter had the highest rate (24.8) for the entire period. The most common clinical form was the LCL with 98.11% (8,768), followed by the MCL with 1.12% (100), ICL with 0.66% (59) and DCL with 0.11% (10) .