Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Commuting behaviours and subjective wellbeing: a critical review of longitudinal research

ABSTRACT The relationship between commuting behaviours and subjective wellbeing has been fascinating scholars of different disciplines. Especially in the last decade, longitudinal research designs have made great progress in identifying causality in the commuting-wellbeing relationship by focusing on within-individual variations over time. However, the results from longitudinal research are far from consistent and, therefore, questions remain unanswered regarding the association of motorised and long commuting journeys with subjective wellbeing in the long term. The aim of this literature review is to account for why these inconsistencies occur and to provide some avenues for future longitudinal research. We achieve this by developing theoretical conceptualisations of the commuting-wellbeing relationship from an interdisciplinary perspective, which drives the subsequent critical review of empirical longitudinal evidence based on nation/city-wide panel surveys, intervention experiments and relocation events. We recommend furture research to distinguish and integrate different processes that lead to changes in commuting behaviours, including environmental changes, information or participatory interventions, and the event of residential relocation together with other life events and long-term processes in life. This processual thinking will enrich the temporal scope of longitudinal research and contribute to a better understanding of the interdependent relationship between daily commuting behaviours and long-term subjective wellbeing.
Heavy-baryon quark model picture from lattice QCD

The ground state and excited spectra of baryons containing three identical heavy quarks, b or c, have been recently calculated in nonperturbative lattice QCD. The energy of positive and negative parity excitations has been determined with high precision. Lattice results constitute a unique opportunity to learn about the quark-confinement mechanism as well as elucidating our knowledge about the nature of the strong force. We analyze the nonperturbative lattice QCD results by means of heavy-quark static potentials derived using SU(3) lattice QCD. We make use of different numerical techniques for the three-body problem.
Optimal rates of convergence of matrices with applications

We present a systematic study on the linear convergence rates of the powers of (real or complex) matrices. We derive a characterization when the optimal convergence rate is attained. This characterization is given in terms of semi-simpleness of all eigenvalues having the second-largest modulus after 1. We also provide applications of our general results to analyze the optimal convergence rates for several relaxed alternating projection methods and the generalized Douglas-Rachford splitting methods for finding the projection on the intersection of two subspaces. Numerical experiments confirm our convergence analysis.
Frobenius algebras of corepresentations: gradings

We consider Frobenius algebras in the monoidal category of right comodules over a Hopf algebra $H$. If $H$ is a group Hopf algebra, we study a more general Frobenius type property and uncover the structure of graded Frobenius algebras. Graded symmetric algebras are also investigated.
Arctic curves of the octahedron equation

We study the octahedron relation (also known as the A∞ T-system), obeyed in particular by the partition function for dimer coverings of the Aztec Diamond graph. For a suitable class of doubly periodic initial conditions, we find exact solutions with a particularly simple factorized form. For these, we show that the density function that measures the average dimer occupation of a face of the Aztec graph, obeys a system of linear recursion relations with periodic coefficients. This allows us to explore the thermodynamic limit of the corresponding dimer models and to derive exact ‘arctic’ curves separating the various phases of the system.
Effective Lagrangian description of Higgs mediated flavor violating electromagnetic transitions: Implications on lepton flavor violation

Higgs mediated flavor violating electromagnetic interactions, induced at the one-loop level by a nondiagonal $H{f}_{i}{f}_{j}$ vertex, with ${f}_{i}$ and ${f}_{j}$ charged leptons or quarks, are studied within the context of a completely general effective Yukawa sector that comprises $S{U}_{L}(2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{U}_{Y}(1)$-invariant operators of up to dimension-six. Exact formulae for the one-loop $\ensuremath{\gamma}{f}_{i}{f}_{j}$ and $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}{f}_{i}{f}_{j}$ couplings are presented and their related processes used to study the phenomena of Higgs mediated lepton flavor violation. The experimental limit on the $\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}e\ensuremath{\gamma}$ decay is used to derive a bound on the branching ratio of the $\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}e\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ transition, which is 6 orders of magnitude stronger than the current experimental limit. Previous results on the $\ensuremath{\tau}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and $\ensuremath{\tau}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ decays are reproduced. The possibility of detecting signals of lepton flavor violation at $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ colliders is explored through the $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{l}_{i}{l}_{j}$ reaction, putting special emphasis on the $\ensuremath{\tau}\ensuremath{\mu}$ final state. Using the bound imposed on the $H\ensuremath{\tau}\ensuremath{\mu}$ vertex by the current experimental data on the muon anomalous magnetic moment, it is found that about half a hundred events may be produced in the International Linear Collider.
TRANSIT AND RADIAL VELOCITY SURVEY EFFICIENCY COMPARISON FOR A HABITABLE ZONE EARTH

Transit and radial velocity searches are two techniques for identifying nearby extrasolar planets to Earth that transit bright stars. Identifying a robust sample of these exoplanets around bright stars for detailed atmospheric characterization is a major observational undertaking. In this study we describe a framework that answers the question of whether a transit or radial velocity survey is more efficient at finding transiting exoplanets given the same amount of observing time. Within the framework we show that a transit survey's window function can be approximated using the hypergeometric probability distribution. We estimate the observing time required for a transit survey to find a transiting Earth-sized exoplanet in the habitable zone (HZ) with an emphasis on late-type stars. We also estimate the radial velocity precision necessary to detect the equivalent HZ Earth-mass exoplanet that also transits when using an equal amount of observing time as the transit survey. We find that a radial velocity survey with σrv ∼ 0.6 m s−1 precision has comparable efficiency in terms of observing time to a transit survey with the requisite photometric precision σphot ∼ 300 ppm to find a transiting Earth-sized exoplanet in the HZ of late M dwarfs. For super-Earths, a σrv ∼ 2.0 m s−1 precision radial velocity survey has comparable efficiency to a transit survey with σphot ∼ 2300 ppm.
The race between stars and quasars in reionizing cosmic hydrogen

The cosmological background of ionizing radiation has been dominated by quasars once the Universe aged by ~ 2 billion years. At earlier times (redshifts z 3), the observed abundance of bright quasars declines sharply, implying that cosmic hydrogen was reionized by stars instead. Here, we explain the physical origin of the transition between the dominance of stars and quasars as a generic feature of structure formation in the concordance ΛCDM cosmology. At early times, the fraction of baryons in galaxies grows faster than the maximum (Eddington-limited) growth rate possible for quasars. As a result, quasars were not able to catch up with the rapid early growth of stellar mass in their host galaxies.
On minimal singular values of random matrices with correlated entries

Let $\mathbf X$ be a random matrix whose pairs of entries $X_{jk}$ and $X_{kj}$ are correlated and vectors $ (X_{jk},X_{kj})$, for $1\le j 0$ and $Q\ge 0$. Let $s_n(\mathbf X+\mathbf M_n)$ denote the least singular value of the matrix $\mathbf X+\mathbf M_n$. It is shown that there exist positive constants $A$ and $B$ depending on $K,Q,\rho$ only such that $$ \mathbb{P}(s_n(\mathbf X+\mathbf M_n)\le n^{-A})\le n^{-B}. $$ As an application of this result we prove the elliptic law for this class of matrices with non identically distributed correlated entries.
RKKY interaction in a disordered two-dimensional electron gas with Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit couplings

We study theoretically the statistical properties of the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) interaction between localized magnetic moments in a disordered two-dimensional electron gas with both Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit couplings. Averaging over disorder, the static spin susceptibility tensor is evaluated diagrammatically in the mesoscopic (phase-coherent) regime. The disorder-averaged susceptibility leads to a twisted exchange interaction suppressed exponentially with distance, whereas the second-order correlations, which determine the fluctuations (variance) of the RKKY energy, decay with the same power-law as in the clean case. We obtain analytic expressions in the limits of large/small spin orbit interactions and for equal Rashba and Dresselhaus couplings. Beside these limiting cases, we study numerically the variance of the RKKY interaction in the presence of pure Rashba spin-orbit coupling. Our results are relevant for magnetic impurities or nuclear moments embedded in III-V two-dimensional heterostructures or in contact with surface states of metals and metal alloys, which can display a sizable Rashba spin-orbit coupling.
Correlation driven Mott-insulator-to-metal transition

We study transport properties of the half-filled two-dimensional (2D) Hubbard model with spatially varying interactions, where a pattern of interacting and non-interacting sites is formed. We use Determinantal Quantum Monte Carlo method to calculate the double occupation, effective hopping and Drude weight. These data point to two phase transitions, driven by fermionic correlations. The first is the expected metal to a Mott insulating state. The second one, is an exotic transition from a Mott insulating state to a highly anisotropic metal, that takes place at large values of the fermion-fermion interaction. This second transition occurs when the layers formed by the spatially varying interactions decouple due to the suppression of the hopping between interacting and non-interacting sites, leading to fermionic transport along the non-interacting ones.
Dimension Theory of the Moduli Space of Twisted $K$-Differentials

In this note we extend the dimension theory for the spaces $\widetilde{\mathcal H}_g^k(\mu)$ of twisted $k$-differentials defined by Farkas and Pandharipande in [FP15] to the case $k>1$. In particular, we show that the intersection $\widetilde{\mathcal H}_g^k(\mu) \cap \mathcal{M}_{g,n}$ is a union of smooth components of the expected dimensions for all $k\geq 0$. We also extend a conjectural formula from [FP15] for a weighted fundamental class of $\widetilde{\mathcal H}_g^k(\mu)$ and provide evidence in low genus.
Looking for dark matter on the light side

Among the prominent low-mass dark matter candidates is the QCD axion but also other light and weakly interacting particles beyond the Standard Model. We review brieﬂy the case for such dark matter and give an overview on most recent experimental eﬀorts within laboratory searches, where we focus on experiments exploiting a potential electromagnetic coupling of such particles.
The Aquarius Project: the subhaloes of galactic haloes

We have performed the largest ever particle simulation of a Milky Way sized dark matter halo, and present the most comprehensive convergence study for an individual dark matter halo carried out thus far. We have also simulated a sample of six ultrahighly resolved Milky Way sized haloes, allowing us to estimate the halo-to-halo scatter in substructure statistics. In our largest simulation, we resolve nearly 300 000 gravitationally bound subhaloes within the virialized region of the halo. Simulations of the same object differing in mass resolution by factors of up to 1800 accurately reproduce the largest subhaloes with the same mass, maximum circular velocity and position, and yield good convergence for the abundance and internal properties of dark matter substructures. We detect up to four generations of subhaloes within subhaloes, but contrary to recent claims, we find less substructure in subhaloes than in the main halo when regions of equal mean overdensity are compared. The overall substructure mass fraction is much lower in subhaloes than in the main halo. Extrapolating the main halo's subhalo mass spectrum down to an Earth mass, we predict the mass fraction in substructure to be well below 3 per cent within 100 kpc, and to be below 0.1 per cent within the solar circle. The inner density profiles of subhaloes show no sign of converging to a fixed asymptotic slope and are well fitted by gently curving profiles of Einasto form. The mean concentrations of isolated haloes are accurately described by the fitting formula of Neto et al. down to maximum circular velocities of 1.5 km s(-1), an extrapolation over some five orders of magnitude in mass. However, at equal maximum circular velocity, subhaloes are more concentrated than field haloes, with a characteristic density that is typically similar to 2.6 times larger and increases with decreasing distance from halo centre.
An enhanced arithmetic optimization algorithm for global maximum power point tracking of photovoltaic systems under dynamic irradiance patterns

ABSTRACT The photovoltaic power system is highly dependent on the quantity of solar irradiance incident on it and its temperature. These parameters are dynamically changing with time due to climatic changes, shadows formed by clouds, trees, buildings, and so on, resulting in multiple maximum power points (MPP). Out of which one is global MPP (GMPP) and the rest are local MPP (LMPP). The GMPP varies dynamically along with the weather conditions and connected load. Many GMPP tracking (GMPPT) algorithms were developed which are inefficient and ineffective under dynamic irradiance conditions. This paper proposes a new enhanced arithmetic optimization algorithm based on the levy flight (AOA-LF) as a GMPPT method, which improves the tracking efficiency and tracking speed because of its good exploration and exploitation due to the long jump with a variable step size. The suggested AOA-LF GMPPT method is implemented in MATLAB/SIMULINK and tested with eight different dynamic irradiance patterns whose tracking curves are compared with the existing GMPPT algorithms like JAYA-LF, DFO, AOA, PSO, and P&O, which reveals that it is excellent in the tracking of GMPP with increment in efficiency as high as 19% when compared with P&O method and the least time to reach the GMPP with percentage decrement as high as 69% as compared to the PSO method. Also, the proposed AOA-LF GMPPT method is validated with the help of OPAL-RT OP4510 Real-Time Digital Simulator. Hence, the proposed algorithm shows superior performance with zero steady-state oscillations and also enhanced exploration and exploitation.
The roles of stellar feedback and galactic environment in star-forming molecular clouds

Feedback from massive stars is thought to play an important role in the evolution of molecular clouds. In this work, we analyse the effects of stellar winds and supernovae (SNe) in the evolution of two massive (similar to 10(6) M-circle dot) giant molecular clouds: one gravitationally bound collapsing cloud and one unbound cloud undergoing disruption by galactic shear. These two clouds have been extracted from a large-scale galaxy model and are re-simulated at a spatial resolution of similar to 0.01 pc, including feedback from winds, SNe, and the combined effect of both. We find that stellar winds stop accretion of gas on to sink particles, and can also trigger star formation in the shells formed by the winds, although the overall effect is to reduce the global star formation rate of both clouds. Furthermore, we observe that winds tend to escape through the corridors of diffuse gas. The effect of SNe is not so prominent and the star formation rate is similar to models neglecting stellar feedback. We find that most of the energy injected by the SNe is radiated away, but overdense areas are created by multiple and concurrent SN events especially in the most virialized cloud. Our results suggest that the impact of stellar feedback is sensitive to the morphology of star-forming clouds, which is set by large-scale galactic flows, being of greater importance in clouds undergoing gravitational collapse.
A parsec-resolution simulation of the Antennae galaxies: formation of star clusters during the merger

We present a hydrodynamical simulation of an Antennae-like galaxy merger at parsec resolution, including a multi-component model for stellar feedback and reaching numerical convergence in the global star formation rate for the first time. We analyse the properties of the dense stellar objects formed during the different stages of the interaction. Each galactic encounter triggers a starburst activity, but the varying physical conditions change the triggering mechanism of each starburst. During the first two pericenter passages, the starburst is spatially extended and forms many star clusters. However, the starburst associated to the third, final passage is more centrally concentrated: stars form almost exclusively in the galactic nucleus and no new star cluster is formed. The maximum mass of stars clusters in this merger is more than 30 times higher than those in a simulation of an isolated Milky Way-like galaxy. Antennae-like mergers are therefore a formation channel of young massive clusters possibly leading to globular clusters. Monitoring the evolution of a few clusters reveals the diversity of formation scenarios including the gathering and merger of gas clumps, the monolithic formation and the hierarchical formation in sub-structures inside a single cloud. Two stellar objects formed in the simulation yield the same properties as ultra-compact dwarf galaxies. They share the same formation scenario than the most massive clusters, but have a larger radius either since birth, or get it after a violent interaction with the galactic center. The diversity of environments across space and time in a galaxy merger can account for the diversity of the stellar objects formed, both in terms of mass and size.
Particle addition and subtraction as a test of bosonic quality

Here, we show that bosonic addition and subtraction can be used not only to verify the commutation relations of ideal bosons, but also to detect and infer some structural properties of composite particles (consisting of an even number of fermions) as well as to test to what extent they behave like ideal bosons. The paper is organized as follows. First, we introduce a simple test to measure bosonic quality based on single particle addition followed by subtraction. Since we are not directly interested in testing commutation relations we simplify the previous scenarios and do not consider the process in which subtraction is followed by addition. This also allows us to bypass one important problem, namely that the operations of addition and subtraction do not commute even for classical distinguishable particles. We then discuss general quantum operations (channels) that efficiently add and subtract a particle. We identify important criteria that have to be satisfied by bosonic addition/subtraction channels and apply these channels to composite particles. We find that our measure of bosonic quality depends on the entanglement between fermions, therefore it provides us with information about the internal structure of the composite particle and can be used as
A functional limit theorem for coin tossing Markov chains

We prove a functional limit theorem for Markov chains that, in each step, move up or down by a possibly state dependent constant with probability $1/2$, respectively. The theorem entails that the law of every one-dimensional regular continuous strong Markov process in natural scale can be approximated with such Markov chains arbitrarily well. The functional limit theorem applies, in particular, to Markov processes that cannot be characterized as solutions to stochastic differential equations. Our results allow to practically approximate such processes with irregular behavior; we illustrate this with Markov processes exhibiting sticky features, e.g., sticky Brownian motion and a Brownian motion slowed down on the Cantor set.
HIGH-ENERGY NEUTRINOS FROM SOURCES IN CLUSTERS OF GALAXIES

High-energy cosmic rays can be accelerated in clusters of galaxies, by mega-parsec scale shocks induced by the accretion of gas during the formation of large-scale structures, or by powerful sources harbored in clusters. Once accelerated, the highest energy particles leave the cluster via almost rectilinear trajectories, while lower energy ones can be confined by the cluster magnetic field up to cosmological time and interact with the intracluster gas. Using a realistic model of the baryon distribution and the turbulent magnetic field in clusters, we studied the propagation and hadronic interaction of high-energy protons in the intracluster medium. We report the cumulative cosmic-ray and neutrino spectra generated by galaxy clusters, including embedded sources, and demonstrate that clusters can contribute a significant fraction of the observed IceCube neutrinos above 30 TeV while remaining undetected in high-energy cosmic rays and γ rays for reasonable choices of parameters and source scenarios.
A time splitting approach to quasilinear Degenerate Parabolic Partial Differential Equations

In this paper, we discuss the Cauchy problem for a degenerate parabolic hyperbolic equation with a multiplicative noise. We focus on the existence of a solution. Using nondegenerate smooth approximations, Debussche, Hofmanov\'a and Vovelle [8] proved the existence of a kinetic solution. On the other hand, we propose to construct a sequence of approximations by applying a time splitting method and prove that this converges strongly in $L^1$ to a kinetic solution. This method will somewhat give us not only a simpler and more direct argument but an improvement over the existence result.
Λ -doublet spectra of diatomic radicals and their dependence on fundamental constants

$\Lambda$-doublet spectra of light diatomic radicals have high sensitivity to the possible variations of the fine structure constant alpha and electron-to-proton mass ratio beta. For molecules OH and CH sensitivity is further enhanced because of the J-dependent decoupling of the electron spin from the molecular axis, where J is total angular momentum of the molecule. When $\Lambda$-splitting has different signs in two limiting coupling cases a and b, decoupling of the spin leads to the change of sign of the splitting and to the growth of the dimensionless sensitivity coefficients. For example, sensitivity coefficients for the $\Lambda$-doublet lines J=9/2 of the $\Pi_{1/2}$ state of OH molecule are on the order of $10^3$.