Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Temporal Artery and Oral Electronic With Core Temperature in Normothermic Postoperative Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) Patients

Background: There has been an increase in the use and awareness of complementary and integrative therapies in the United States over the last 10 years. Clinical nurse specialists (CNSs) are in an ideal place to influence this paradigm shift in medicine to provide holistic care. Purpose: This study was designed to describe the knowledge, attitudes, and use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) by CNSs in a large Midwest medical center. Design: This study used a descriptive exploratory correlational design. Sample/Setting: Seventy-six CNSs who work in various inpatient and outpatient units within this medical facility were surveyed electronically, in the fall of 2008, using a 26-item questionnaire developed by the research team. Method: Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Findings: The results demonstrate that CNSs at this academic medical center use several CAM therapies for their personal use and for professional practice with patients. The top therapies that CNSs personally used were humor, massage, spirituality/prayer, music therapy, and relaxed breathing. The top therapies requested most by patients were massage, spirituality/prayer, healing touch, acupuncture, and music therapy. The results indicated that most CNSs thought CAM therapies were beneficial and that there was some evidence for use of these therapies for use by patients or by CNSs. Implications: The results of this study will help to determine educational needs and clinical practice of CAM therapies with CNSs at this academic medical center. The survey used and the research results from this study can be a template for other CNSs to use to begin to address this topic of CAM use in other hospitals and clinical settings. This survey could be used to explore CAM use by patients in specialty areas for practice enhancement.
Learning Logical Forms

In previous work ([Zettlemoyer and Collins, 2007]), a system has been constructed that uses a small set of mappings between syntactic categories and logical forms in order to learn to convert natural language in to a formal language. The data used originates from database queries, offering a simple semantic form for the task. The methods employed allow for the system to be scaled up to larger and more complex domains by extending the set of mappings. This paper describes building a semantic parser around this previously used framework and attempting to learn to convert natural language from a richer source of semantically annotated data. In using this data set many complex linguistic constructions must be accounted for and the system is assessed specifically on its ability to capture a range of these constructions. The results reveal the requirements for more specialised features in order to control the multitude of powerful rules that such complex semantic descriptions demand.
Characterization of Dissolved and Colloidal Organic Matter in Soil Solution: A Review

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in soil solution is important in many biogeochemical processes and can have a strong influence on the fate of contaminants in soils, surface waters, and groundwaters. Dissolved organic matter plays an important role in the cycling of nutrients, such as C, N, P, and S, within soil, and the export of these nutrients from soil systems to streams and groundwaters (McDowell & Wood, 1984; Malcolm, 1985; Murphy et aI., 1989a; Homann et aI., 1990; Qualls et aI., 1991; Vaithiyanathan & Corell, 1992). It also is a substrate for microbial growth (Zsolnay & Steindl, 1991; Qualls & Haines, 1992). Dissolved organic matter mediates the transport of inorganics, such as AI and other metals, within soils (Saar & Weber, 1982; Inskeep & Baham, 1983; Krug & Isaacson, 1984) and is important in the translocation of oxides, humus, and silicate clays in soils (Wright & Schnitzer, 1963; Dawson et aI., 1978, 1981; Jenny, 1980). Chelation by organic acid functional groups in DOM also is responsible for enhancing mineral weathering (Antweiler & Drever, 1983; Pohlman & McColl, 1988). The fate and transport of organic contaminants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, pesticides and herbicides in the environment can be influenced by the presence of DOM. Many natural systems can be considered three-phase systems, where organic contaminants sorb to the solid matrix, to DOM, or are freely dissolved. The relative proportions of contaminant in each of the phases affect its fate and transport. Dissolved organic matter extracted from lakes and streams, soils, and lake sediments increases the solubility of organic contaminants, such as DDT [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2 bis(pchlorophenyl)ethane], n-alkanes, 1,2,3 trichlorobenzene, and lindane (Wershaw et aI. , 1969; Boehm & Quinn, 1973; Carter & Suffet, 1982; Means &
The mixed layer of the western equatorial Pacific Ocean

The mixed layer of the western equatorial Pacific and its thermodynamics are poorly known because of a general lack of data. Conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) profiles from the recent Western Equatorial Pacific Ocean Circulation Study (WEPOCS) cruises have been analyzed for various measures of the upper layer and mixed layer thickness, using criteria which depend on vertical gradients of temperature, salinity, and density. From 434 profiles, the average mixed layer depth in the western equatorial Pacific during the two WEPOCS cruises was 29 m, which is about a factor of 3 shallower than had previously been thought. The mean depth of the top of the thermocline was found to be 64 m, so there is a nearly isothermal layer that is deeper than the mixed layer. This discrepancy is attributable to salinity stratification. It is hypothesized that the waters in this “barrier” layer between the bottom of the mixed layer and the top of the thermocline are formed to the east of the WEPOCS region, and subducted below the shallow and lighter mixed layer waters found in the west. Under light wind conditions, there was a tendency for warm and thin layers to form at the sea surface as a result of diurnal heating; however, there did not appear to be any nighttime maximum to the mixed layer depth associated with convective overturn due to cooling. This contrast with the central Pacific may be caused by the influence of salinity on the thermodynamics of the mixed layer. A strong westerly wind burst was observed during WEPOCS II, and apparently the mixed layer nearly doubled in depth while cooling by more than 1°C. Evidence of downwelling near the equator, and upwelling off the equator, was seen in the distribution of temperature, salinity, and density in the meridional section along 143°E, which was occupied immediately following the wind event. This event was apparently strong enough to erode through the salinity-stratified layer and into the thermocline, resulting in the observed cooling. The results of this study suggest that except during strong wind events, entrainment cooling may not be an important component of the heat budget of the western Pacific warm pool. This has potentially important implications for the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon.
Common mental disorders, neighbourhood income inequality and income deprivation: small-area multilevel analysis

Background Common mental disorders are more prevalent in areas of high neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation but whether the prevalence varies with neighbourhood income inequality is not known. Aims To investigate the hypothesis that the interaction between small-area income deprivation and income inequality was associated with individual mental health. Method Multilevel analysis of population data from the Welsh Health Survey, 2003/04-2010. A total of 88623 respondents aged 18-74 years were nested within 50587 households within 1887 lower super output areas (neighbourhoods) and 22 unitary authorities (regions), linked to the Gini coefficient (income inequality) and the per cent of households living in poverty (income deprivation). Mental health was measured using the Mental Health Inventory MHI-5 as a discrete variable and as a ‘case’ of common mental disorder. Results High neighbourhood income inequality was associated with better mental health in low-deprivation neighbourhoods after adjusting for individual and household risk factors (parameter estimate +0.70 (s.e. =0.33), P=0.036; odds ratio (OR) for common mental disorder case 0.92, 95% CI 0.88-0.97). Income inequality at regional level was significantly associated with poorer mental health (parameter estimate −1.35 (s.e.=0.54), P=0.012; OR=1.13, 95% CI 1.04-1.22). Conclusions The associations between common mental disorders, income inequality and income deprivation are complex. Income inequality at neighbourhood level is less important than income deprivation as a risk factor for common mental disorders. The adverse effect of income inequality starts to operate at the larger regional level.
What the new obesity guidelines will tell us

Purpose of reviewThe purpose of the review is to update the reader on the long anticipated Obesity 2, the second iteration of ‘Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults: the Evidence Report’. Recent findingsObesity 2 maintains a focus on primary care practitioners and their patients in an effort to reduce cardiovascular risk. Just as Obesity 1 limited the literature review to the years 1980–1997, Obesity 2 limits the literature under consideration from 1999 to 2011. However, because of the painstaking methodology employed, the scope of the Obesity 2 is of necessity more limited with five critical questions. These deal with risks of overweight and obesity, benefits of weight loss and evaluate three treatment areas – diet, behavioral therapies and surgical therapies. The critical questions inform recommendations in these same areas. SummaryAlthough not comprehensive in scope, the guidance offered in Obesity 2 is backed by stringent approaches to limit bias and assuring rigor, thus producing recommendations one can trust in the areas covered.
Differential expression of platelet-derived growth factor-a receptor by Thy-1 2 and Thy-1 1 lung fibroblasts

JAMES S. HAGOOD,1 PATRICK J. MILLER,2 JOSEPH A. LASKY,3 ALBERT TOUSSON,4 BENLIU GUO,1 GERALD M. FULLER,4 AND J. CLARKE MCINTOSH5 Departments of 1Pediatrics, 2Microbiology, and 4Cell Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294; 3Section of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70112; and 5The Ruth and Billy Graham Children’s Medical Center, Asheville, North Carolina 28801
Does the Weather Influence Global Stock Returns?

We investigate the effects of five weather conditions (sunshine, wind, rain, snow depth, and temperature) on daily index returns of 49 countries from 1973 to 2012. We hypothesize that the effects of the weather on investor behavior depend on climate and season, and examine the relation between weather and daily returns separately for each temperature region (cold, hot, and mild) and each month. We find that the effects of weather on returns are contingent on climate and season and more pervasive than previously documented. A hedge strategy that exploits the daily return predictability of the weather generates up to 25% annualized out-of-sample gross profits during 1993-2012. The patterns of weather effects across climates and seasons suggest that weather influences investor psychology.
A Numerical Simulation of Global Transport of Atmospheric Particles Emitted from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant

Abstract The powerful tsunami generated by the massive earthquake that occurred east of Japan on March 11, 2011 caused serious damages of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant on its cooling facilities for nuclear reactors. Hydrogen and vapor blasts that occurred until March 15 outside of the reactors led to the emission of radioactive materials into the air. Here we show a numerical simulation for the long-range transport from the plant to the U.S. and even Europe with a global aerosol transport model SPRINTARS. Large-scale updraft organized by a low-pressure system traveling across Japan from March 14 to 15 was found effective in lifting the particles from the surface layer to the level of a westerly jet stream that could carry the particles across the Pacific within 3 to 4 days. Their simulated concentration rapidly decreases to the order of 10 −8 of its initial level, consistent with the level detected in California on March 18. The simulation also reproduces the subsequent trans-Atlantic transport of those par-ticles by a poleward-deflected jet stream, first toward Iceland and then southward to continental Europe as actually observed.
Effectiveness-based guidelines for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in women--2011 update: a guideline from the american heart association.

Substantial progress has been made in the awareness, treatment, and prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women since the first women-specific clinical recommendations for the prevention of CVD were published by the American Heart Association (AHA) in 1999.1 The myth that heart disease is a “man’s disease” has been debunked; the rate of public awareness of CVD as the leading cause of death among US women has increased from 30% in 1997 to 54% in 2009.2 The age-adjusted death rate resulting from coronary heart disease (CHD) in females, which accounts for about half of all CVD deaths in women, was 95.7 per 100 000 females in 2007, a third of what it was in 1980.3,4 Approximately 50% of this decline in CHD deaths has been attributed to reducing major risk factors and the other half to treatment of CHD including secondary preventive therapies.4 Major randomized controlled clinical trials such as the Women’s Health Initiative have changed the practice of CVD prevention in women over the past decade.5 The investment in combating this major public health issue for women has been significant, as have the scientific and medical achievements.
Corrections and Retraction

COLLOQUIUM PAPER Correction for “Understanding dopamine and reinforcement learning: The dopamine reward prediction error hypothesis,” by Paul W. Glimcher, which appeared in issue S3, September 13, 2011, of Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (108:15647–15654; first published March 9, 2011; 10.1073/pnas.1014269108). The authors note that, due to a printer’s error, the legends for Figs. 1–5 appeared incorrectly. The figures and the corrected legends appear below. These errors do not affect the conclusions of the article. Additionally, reference 66, “Paul G (2010) Foundations of Neuroeconomic Analysis (Oxford University Press, London)” should instead appear as “Glimcher PW (2011) Foundations of Neuroeconomic Analysis (Oxford University Press, London). ”
Rural tourism : an introduction

This text provides a comprehensive, stimulating and up-to-date analysis of the key issues involved in the planning and management of rural tourism.The book makes extensive use of case studies to illustrate the issues and problems discussed in the text. These include agrotourism in Cyprus, tourism development in Ireland, rural tourism in Utah, National Parks in Australia, marketing farm tourism in Austria and rural tourism in Romania.
Evaluación de estrategias de rehabilitación de pastizales áridos

Testing rehabilitation strategies for arid rangelands: Overgrazing by domestic cattle has caused loss of plant diversity and primary productivity in rangelands of the Arid Chaco (Argentina). The objective of our study was to evaluate a number of rehabilitation strategies that might increase the density of forage grasses in an overgrazed rangeland in this region. Based on the hypothesis that soil compaction, lack of seeds and litter cover constrain plant establishment we performed a field factorial experiment, that combined soil pitting, seed addition and the combined effect of competition release and litter addition. During four years, we evaluated seedling and plant density of added grasses and all forage grasses. Seed addition was the only factor that increased seedling and plant density, with Pappophorum spp. and P. philippianum accounting for the main variation in seedling and plant density, respectively. During the third year (a dry year), there was 70-80% decrease in plant density in all treatments, although the differences due to the addition of seeds was still apparent. Our results suggest that, in addition to adverse climatic conditions, the lack of seeds in the soil bank restricts the recovery of overgrazed rangelands in the Arid Chaco. Pappophorum philippianum seems to be a promising species for the rehabilitation of these rangelands.
On the emergence of plate tectonics

At present, young oceanic lithosphere is positively buoyant, and it does not become negatively buoyant until it is older than about 20 m.y. If, in the past, the mantle was hotter, the oceanic crust would have been thicker and the lithosphere9s age of neutral buoyancy greater. On the other hand, the hotter mantle would have had a lower viscosity and convected faster, so the average age of oceanic plates at subduction would have been less than the present 100 m.y. At some time in the past, average oceanic lithosphere would have only just become negatively buoyant as it reached a subduction zone. It is estimated here that this condition occurred when the mantle was only about 50 °C hotter than at present and as recently as 0.9-1.4 b.y. ago. Transformation of basaltic crust to eclogite might have enhanced the vigor of the plates, but possibly only modestly and intermittently. In earlier times, plate tectonics could have operated, but more slowly, so that it could not by itself have accomplished the necessary rate of heat removal from the earth. A different tectonic mode must also have operated, perhaps subcrustal delamination or dripping. Plate tectonics would have gradually taken over from the earlier mode. Plumes are a omplementary mode of mantle convection driven by a lower thermal boundary layer, and so they could have operated in conjunction with both regimes of the upper boundary layer.
Hydrothermal carbonization of sugarcane bagasse via wet torrefaction

Hydrothermal carbonization of sugarcane bagasse using wet torrefaction is studied. The biomass is torrefied in water or dilute sulfuric acid solution and microwaves are employed to heat the solutions where the reaction temperature is fixed at 180 C. The effects of acid concentration, heating time and solid-toliquid ratio on the performance of wet torrefaction are investigated. It is found that the addition of sulfuric acid and increasing heating time are conducive to carbonizing bagasse. The calorific value of bagasse can be increased up to 20.3% from wet torrefaction. With the same improvement in calorific value, the temperature of wet torrefaction is lower than that of dry torrefaction around 100 C, revealing that wet torrefaction is a promising method to upgrade biomass as fuel. The calorific value of torrefied biomass can be predicted well based on proximate, elemental or fiber analysis, and the last one gives the best estimation. 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Palaeo-ice streams in the northern Keewatin sector of the Laurentide ice sheet

Abstract Evidence for ice streams in the Laurentide ice sheet is widespread. In the region of northern Keewatin and the Boothia Peninsula, Nunavut, Canada, palaeo-ice streams have been recognized, but their location, size and potential role in ice-sheet dynamics are poorly constrained. Based on the interpretation of satellite imagery, we produce a palaeo-ice-stream map of this region. Glacial directional landforms, eskers and moraines were mapped and integrated into landform assemblages using a glacial geological inversion model. Palaeo-frozen bed areas were also identified. Relative age of the geomorphic swarms was assessed by cross-cutting relationships and radiocarbon ages where available. Using this information we obtained a glaciologically plausible picture of ice-stream evolution within the northernmost Laurentide ice sheet. On the M’Clintock Channel corridor, three generations of pure ice streams are found. On Baffin Island and the Gulf of Boothia, glaciation was dominated by frozen-bed zones located on high plateaus and ice streams running along the troughs, i.e. topographic ice streams. A massive convergent pattern at the head of Committee Bay drained ice from both the Keewatin and Foxe sectors and was probably one of the main deglaciation channels of the Laurentide ice sheet. Finally, our results indicate that streaming flow was present in the deep interior of the Laurentide ice sheet, as recently shown for the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets.
SiPRNet: End-to-End Learning for Single-Shot Phase Retrieval

: Traditional optimization algorithms have been developed to deal with the phase retrieval problem. However, multiple measurements with diﬀerent random or non-random masks are needed for giving a satisfactory performance. This brings a burden to the implementation of the algorithms in practical systems. Even worse, expensive optical devices are required to implement the optical masks. Recently, deep learning, especially convolutional neural networks (CNN), has played important roles in various image reconstruction tasks. However, traditional CNN structure fails to reconstruct the original images from their Fourier measurements because of tremendous domain discrepancy. In this paper, we design a novel CNN structure, named SiPRNet , to recover a signal from a single Fourier intensity measurement. To eﬀectively utilize the spectral information of the measurements, we propose a new Multi-Layer Perception block embedded with the dropout layer to extract the global representations. Two Up-sampling and Reconstruction blocks with self-attention are utilized to recover the signals from the extracted features. Extensive evaluations of the proposed model are performed using diﬀerent testing datasets on both simulation and optical experimentation platforms. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach consistently outperforms other CNN-based and traditional optimization-based methods in single-shot maskless phase retrieval. The source codes of the proposed method have been released on Github: https://github.com/Qiustander/SiPRNet .
Valuing wildlife in benefit‐cost analyses: A case study involving endangered species

The focus of the research presented in this paper is to ask what types of values are relevant in the valuation of wildlife species for benefit-cost analyses of projects that may affect wildlife or its habitat. First, the components of value for wildlife resources are discussed, with emphasis on those particularly relevant to the valuation of endangered species. A simple model is then proposed and results from an application to valuing two of Wisconsin's endangered species of wildlife are presented. The empirical results indicate that significant values may be associated with endangered species of wildlife above and beyond those that arise from viewing these species in the wild. We conclude that to overlook values for wildlife species that go beyond common use values may result in a misleading project or policy decision.