Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of low molecular weight and high molecular weight hyaluronic acids used in lip augmentation

Objectives : The current study is designed to compare between low molecular weight and high molecular weight hyaluronic acids used in lip augmentation. Subjects and method: thirty-six patients with average age (18:35) years old were randomly divided Into two groups: Group (A): Lip rejuvenation was performed with Juvéderm Volbella with Lidocaine. Group (B): Lip rejuvenation was performed with Restylane-L. Follow up: done at 1 and 14 days after each treatment and at 1 and 6 Months also. Lip fullness assessed from 3D facial images using Allergan lip Fullness Scale, the Linear measurements in the form of Vermilion show and lip projection, the symmetry and aesthetic features of the lip analyzed also from 3D facial images. Results: According to the post injection lip fullness scale when compared to the base line, the change in group (A) injected with Juvéderm Volbella with Lidocaine were ( 88.89% ) compared to group (B) injected with Restylane-L were ( 83.33%), this indicates very high improvement in the each group, the total change improvement were ≥1 point improvement in both groups, however improvement in group (A) were more than group (B) but this is statistically insignificant. Conclusion: Regarding the effectiveness and duration of Lip augmentation there was no significant difference between Juvéderm vollbella and Restylane-L.
Priority river habitat in England – mapping and targeting measures

• This paper outlines an analysis of nationally available GIS datasets to generate a new map of priority river habitat for England. • Rivers in England were selected as priority habitat based on naturalness criteria (physical, hydrological, chemical and biological), capturing the most natural remaining examples as far as can be ascertained from nationally available data. This means that many examples of river types included in the UK BAP definition (such as chalk rivers) are excluded from the priority habitat map as they have been significantly modified and degraded over the centuries. • In addition to explaining the development of the new priority habitat map, this paper provides advice on how the map might best be used, how to target and prioritise restoration activity on rivers that do not feature on the map, and how to identify and give recognition to any restoration works that contribute to wider priority river habitat objectives. • The priority habitat map (Figure 10 in the report) - This provides a focus for preventing deterioration of our most natural remaining rivers and undertaking any limited restoration of natural processes that may be desirable (as indicated in Figure 16). • Priority rivers for restoration - Figure 17 shows rivers that are of types relevant to the UK BAP definition (chalk rivers and active shingle rivers) but are not sufficiently natural to feature on the priority habitat map. These should be considered a priority for restoration of natural processes. Action on these rivers should be considered of equal importance to the protection and enhancement of rivers on the priority habitat map. • Given that this national analysis is relatively coarse (particularly in respect of headwater areas), there is considerable scope for local ground-truthing and refinement. Local knowledge and interpretation have an important role to play in the use of the outputs of this work. It is recommended that a process is established for refining the priority habitat map based on more detailed local knowledge of naturally functioning rivers. The national map should subsequently be updated (a timeframe of 6 months is recommended) to reflect any local refinements. Resources need to be made available for this process. • As part of local application, it should be recognised that the national analysis only provides a river-reach or water body perspective. Local interpretation is needed to place priorities in a whole-river and catchment management context.
Annual Sea Surface Height Variability in the Nordic Seas

Altimeter data from May 1995 to February 2002, together with wind, heat, and fresh water fluxes and hydrographic data, are used to study the annual variability in sea surface height (SSH) in the Nordic Seas. The main contributions to the SSH are quantified with error estimates. The amplitude of the annual variation of the SSH ranges from 4 to 8 cm with largest variability in the deeper basins (Lofoten, Norwegian, and Greenland Basins) and along the Norwegian coast. The seasonal steric height can explain 1.5-4 cm of the SSH variation and arises from changes in the air-sea heat flux. However, the associated seasonal changes in the surface currents that arrive from the steric height and the heat flux are weak (a few mm/s). This is because their contributions to the SSH are nearly constant over large areas. From altimetry and hydrography, we calculated seasonal changes in bottom pressure and currents. In the Greenland and Norwegian Seas, the seasonal anomalous large-scale circulation is cyclonic during spring and anticyclonic during autumn. It is most apparent in the Norwegian Sea with a seasonal variation in speed of 1-2 cm/s. This variation can be explained by changes in the averaged wind-stress curl over the Norwegian Sea. The annual cycle of the Norwegian Atlantic slope current is also revealed. It is strongest in winter and weakest in summer with an annual amplitude in speed of 2-4 cm/s.
Performance determinants of life insurers: A systematic review of the literature

Abstract The life insurance industry plays a crucial role in the economy as it serves as one of the channels through which countries mobilize long-term savings, promote the development of capital markets, foster efficient capital allocation, and substitute and complement government security programs. Therefore, the performance of this sector is imperative. Since the early 1990s, researchers have been paying particular attention to the performance of life insurance firms, with a specific emphasis on identifying the key determinants of their performance. The objective of this study is to synthesize the studies that have explored this topic. Using a systematic literature review approach, the study reviews 129 studies published between 1990 and 2021. The analysis reveals that the literature primarily examines factors such as size, organizational structure, capital composition, diversification, distribution systems, risk management practices, and reinsurance strategies as key firm-specific drivers of life insurer performance. Additionally, the study underscores the importance of competition and macroeconomic conditions as commonly discussed external determinants. While a clear relationship between performance and factors like firm size, organizational structure, and risk management practices is evident, the impact of other factors remains inconclusive. One of the implications of this study is that policymakers should enact laws that promote competition in the insurance industry. The study also reveals several research gaps, including methodological gaps.
Microbiota as key factors in inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is characterized by prolonged inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, which is thought to occur due to dysregulation of the immune system allowing the host’s cells to attack the GI tract and cause chronic inflammation. IBD can be caused by numerous factors such as genetics, gut microbiota, and environmental influences. In recent years, emphasis on commensal bacteria as a critical player in IBD has been at the forefront of new research. Each individual harbors a unique bacterial community that is influenced by diet, environment, and sanitary conditions. Importantly, it has been shown that there is a complex relationship among the microbiome, activation of the immune system, and autoimmune disorders. Studies have shown that not only does the microbiome possess pathogenic roles in the progression of IBD, but it can also play a protective role in mediating tissue damage. Therefore, to improve current IBD treatments, understanding not only the role of harmful bacteria but also the beneficial bacteria could lead to attractive new drug targets. Due to the considerable diversity of the microbiome, it has been challenging to characterize how particular microorganisms interact with the host and other microbiota. Fortunately, with the emergence of next-generation sequencing and the increased prevalence of germ-free animal models there has been significant advancement in microbiome studies. By utilizing human IBD studies and IBD mouse models focused on intraepithelial lymphocytes and innate lymphoid cells, this review will explore the multifaceted roles the microbiota plays in influencing the immune system in IBD.
Nanoparticle-Mediated Strategies for Enhanced Drug Penetration and Retention in the Airway Mucosa

Airway mucus is a complex viscoelastic gel composed mainly of water, glycoproteins, lipids, enzymes, minerals, etc. Among them, glycoproteins are the main factors determining mucus’s gel-like rheology. Airway mucus forms a protective barrier by secreting mucin, which represents a barrier for absorption, especially for more lipophilic drugs. It rapidly removes drugs from the airway through the physiological mucus clearance mechanism so drugs cannot remain in the lungs or reach the airway epithelial tissue for a long time. Significant progress has been made in enhancing drug lung deposition recently, but strategies are still needed to help drugs break through the lung mucosal barrier. Based on the physiopathological mechanisms of airway mucus, this paper reviews and summarizes strategies to enhance drug penetration and retention in the airway mucosa mediated by nano-delivery systems, including mucosal permeation systems, mucosal adhesion systems, and enzyme-modified delivery systems. On this basis, the potential and challenges of nano-delivery systems for improving airway mucus clearance are revealed. New ideas and approaches are provided for designing novel nano-delivery systems that effectively improve drug retention and penetration in the airway mucus layer.
SEISMIC VELOCITIES FROM SURFACE MEASUREMENTS

The purpose of this paper is to discuss field and interpretive techniques which permit, in favorable cases, the quite accurate determination of seismic interval velocities prior to drilling. A simple but accurate formula is developed for the quick calculation of interval velocities from “average velocities” determined by the known x2-T2 technique. To secure accuracy a careful study of multiple reflections is necessary and this is discussed. Although the principal objective in determining velocities is to allow an accurate structural interpretation to be made from seismic reflection data, an important secondary objective is to get some lithological information. This is obtained through a correlation of velocities with rock type and depth.
Transient Electromyographic Responses by Isokinetic Torque Release during Mechanically Assisted Elbow Flexion

Power assistance on joint torque may not be beneficial to all the related muscles. We investigated the effects of power assistance on torque release during isokinetic elbow flexion. An isokinetic dynamometer system was used to simulate dynamic elbow flexion with power assistance, which altered the exercise conditions of baseline isometric torque (greater and lower) and rotation speed (faster and slower) of the lever arm. Ten male right-handed participants performed exercise tasks using the system. We measured (1) the electromyogram (EMG) amplitudes of the biceps brachii (BB), brachioradialis (BR), and triceps brachii (TB) muscles, (2) torque output and its variability, and (3) the perceived assistance level. Transient responses of the objective measurements were analyzed by observing three time epochs before and after power assistance. Greater variability and lower perceived assistance levels were observed when greater torque was released at a faster rotation speed. The torque output and EMG amplitudes of BB and BR muscles decreased over time. However, EMG amplitudes in the TB muscle were relatively constant until 200 ms after power assistance resulting in greater muscle co-contraction. This could be attributed to the increased postural stability of the human musculature system when the external perturbation on joint movement occurred by power assistance, independent of exercise conditions.
Genomic Selection for Dairy Cattle Behaviour Considering Novel Traits in a Changing Technical Production Environment

Cow behaviour is a major factor influencing dairy herd profitability and is an indicator of animal welfare and disease. Behaviour is a complex network of behavioural patterns in response to environmental and social stimuli and human handling. Advances in agricultural technology have led to changes in dairy cow husbandry systems worldwide. Increasing herd sizes, less time availability to take care of the animals and modern technology such as automatic milking systems (AMSs) imply limited human–cow interactions. On the other hand, cow behaviour responses to the technical environment (cow–AMS interactions) simultaneously improve production efficiency and welfare and contribute to simplified “cow handling” and reduced labour time. Automatic milking systems generate objective behaviour traits linked to workability, milkability and health, which can be implemented into genomic selection tools. However, there is insufficient understanding of the genetic mechanisms influencing cow learning and social behaviour, in turn affecting herd management, productivity and welfare. Moreover, physiological and molecular biomarkers such as heart rate, neurotransmitters and hormones might be useful indicators and predictors of cow behaviour. This review gives an overview of published behaviour studies in dairy cows in the context of genetics and genomics and discusses possibilities for breeding approaches to achieve desired behaviour in a technical production environment.
Impact of flow rate, water content, and capillary forces on in situ colloid mobilization during infiltration in unsaturated sediments

We studied in situ colloid mobilization under transient flow conditions using columns repacked with Hanford sediments. Rainfall infiltration was experimentally simulated using different flow rates and initial moisture conditions. Five series of column experiments were performed with initial infiltration rates of 0.018, 0.036, 0.072, 0.144, and 0.288 cm/min, and the columns reached water saturations in the range of 53 to 81%. The infiltration of water into the columns provided unfavorable conditions for colloid attachment to the sediments. Colloids were eluted by the infiltrating water with the peak colloid concentrations in the outflow coinciding with the arrival of the infiltration front. A larger flow rate led to a greater amount of colloids released from the column. The cumulative amount of colloids released was proportional to the column water content established after steady state flow rates were achieved. We used the advection‐dispersion equation with a first‐order colloid release reaction to analyze the experimental data. The colloid release rate coefficient increased with the increase of water content. We calculated forces exerted on colloids, and found that electrostatic and van der Waals interactions, calculated based on the DLVO (Derjaguin‐Landau‐Verwey‐Overbeek) theory, and hydrodynamic forces, were all less important than capillary forces in controlling colloid release. In one experiment, the ionic strength of the infiltration solution was increased, such that colloid attachment was favorable. Nonetheless, colloids were mobilized and eluted with the infiltration front, implying that non‐DLVO forces, such as capillary forces, played a prominent role in colloid mobilization.
Dynamical Models for Melt Segregation from a Deformable Matrix

A mathematical formulation for the buoyancy-driven segregation of a light fluid from a deformable matrix is applied to a geometrically simple system to illustrate its dynamical and chemical evolution. A layer with initially uniform fluid content contained above and below by impermeable boundaries, if sufficiently deep, displays three regimes: a compacting boundary layer at its base, a non-compacting interior regime, and a growing pure fluid layer at the top. Various other initial conditions are discussed, including cases with linearly decreasing fluid content and with locally large (in relative terms) fluid content. The chemical evolution of the segregating fluid is also described. Having illustrated some of the properties of fluid segregation by matrix compaction, we use it as a framework for discussing the secular changes in $$^{143}Nd/^{144}Nd$$ and Sm/Nd of Hawaiian basalts.
Ice core record of fatty acids over the past 450 years in Greenland

Fatty acids have been studied in the ice core taken from Site-J, Greenland using a capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Their molecular distributions showed a strong even/odd carbon number predominance with two maxima at C16 and C24 or C22 acids. Unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid (C18∶1) were also detected in the ice samples as major species, being in contrast to the remote marine aerosols in which unsaturated fatty acids are depleted by photochemical degradation. This suggests that organic aerosols derived from marine and terrestrial biological sources are transported long distances in the atmosphere over the south Greenland ice sheet without serious photochemical transformation. Total concentrations of fatty acids were relatively constant (ca. 10 µg/kg-ice) in the 16th to 19th centuries, however, they significantly increased in the 20th century with maxima in the 1930s–1950s and 1980s (up to ca. 100 µg/kg-ice), suggesting an enhanced sea-to-air emission of organic matter and subsequent transport over the Greenland. The increased concentrations of fatty acids in this century were found to be consistent with an increased arctic temperature. During warmer periods, atmospheric circulation is enhanced and more lipids which are enriched in the sea surface microlayers are emitted to the atmosphere by bubble bursting mechanisms and imprinted in the ice core of south Greenland.
The M6.1 earthquake triggered by volcanic inflation of Iwate Volcano, northern Japan, observed by satellite radar interferometry

Ground uplift and earthquake swarm activity has continued around Mt. Iwate volcano, northern Japan, since February 1998. On September 3, 1998 a M6.1 earthquake occurred southwest of the volcano. Satellite radar interferometry acquired by JERS‐1 reveals volcanic and coseismic deformation to the west of the summit, which is concordant with displacements observed by GPS. We analyzed geodetic observations including InSAR, GPS, and EDM to model the source of the surface deformation. The inferred model shows a 0. 033km³ volumetric increase of an inflation (Mogi) source at a depth of 7.9km from April 1998 to the occurrence of the M6.1 earthquake. We find that the inflation increased Coulomb failure stress by 0.33MPa (7% of the coseismic stress drop) at the hypocenter. This result suggests the inflation promoted the rupture of a known Quaternary fault.
Combination of YOLOv3 Algorithm and Blob Detection Technique in Calculating Nile Tilapia Seeds

Baby Fish counting must be counted accurately so it will not cause any loss, especially for fish seeds or fingerlings that have a small size. Generally, people still use conventional counting methods that produce low accuracy values. This research will make a Nila Baby Fish fingerlings counter program using the YOLOv3 algorithm and Blobb detection technique. The annotation data process will use LabelImg, and the dataset training will use Google COLABoratory with the Darknet framework in an online environment. Images that will predict in this program will be called and detected with an object detector. The object with a confidence score of more than 0.3 will be converted into a blob. The blob value will be forwarded to the output layer for scaling the bounding box objects. The output of this program is the predicted image, blob value, prediction time, and the number of Nila seeds. The model performance is evaluated using a confusion matrix and got a 98.87% for accuracy score.
A 20th century acceleration in global sea‐level rise

Multi‐century sea‐level records and climate models indicate an acceleration of sea‐level rise, but no 20th century acceleration has previously been detected. A reconstruction of global sea level using tide‐gauge data from 1950 to 2000 indicates a larger rate of rise after 1993 and other periods of rapid sea‐level rise but no significant acceleration over this period. Here, we extend the reconstruction of global mean sea level back to 1870 and find a sea‐level rise from January 1870 to December 2004 of 195 mm, a 20th century rate of sea‐level rise of 1.7 ± 0.3 mm yr−1 and a significant acceleration of sea‐level rise of 0.013 ± 0.006 mm yr−2. This acceleration is an important confirmation of climate change simulations which show an acceleration not previously observed. If this acceleration remained constant then the 1990 to 2100 rise would range from 280 to 340 mm, consistent with projections in the IPCC TAR.
Holocene activity of the San Andreas fault at Wallace Creek

Wallace Creek is an ephemeral stream in central California, the present channel of which displays an offset of 128 m along the San Andreas fault. Geological investigations have elucidated the relatively simple evolution of this channel and related landforms and deposits. This history requires that the average rate of slip along the San Andreas fault has been 33.9 ± 2.9 mm/yr for the past 3,700 yr and 35.8 + 5.4/−4.1 mm/yr for the past 13,250 yr. Small gullies near Wallace Creek record evidence for the amount of dextral slip during the past three great earthquakes. Slip during these great earthquakes ranged from ∼9.5 to 12.3 m. Using these values and the average rate of slip during the late Holocene, we estimate that the period of dormancy preceding each of the past 3 great earthquakes was between 240 and 450 yr. This is in marked contrast to the shorter intervals (∼150 yr) documented at sites 100 to 300 km to the southeast. These lengthy intervals suggest that a major portion of the San Andreas fault represented by the Wallace Creek site will not generate a great earthquake for at least another 100 yr. The slip rate determined at Wallace Creek enables us to argue, however, that rupture of a 90-km-long segment northwest of Wallace Creek, which sustained as much as 3.5 m of slip in 1857, is likely to generate a major earthquake by the turn of the century. In addition, we note that the long-term rates of slip at Wallace Creek are indistinguishable from maximum fault-slip rates estimated from geodetic data along the creeping segment of the fault farther north. These historical rates of slip along the creeping reach thus do represent the long-term—that is, millennial—average, and no appreciable elastic strain is accumulating there. Finally, we note that the Wallace Creek slip rate is appreciably lower than the average rate of slip (56 mm/yr) between the Pacific and North American plates determined for the interval of the past 3 m.y. The discrepancy is due principally to slippage along faults other than the San Andreas, but a slightly lower rate of plate motion during the Holocene epoch cannot be ruled out.