Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vertical oxygen minimum zone oscillations since 20 ka in Santa Barbara Basin: A benthic foraminiferal community perspective

[1] Here we present a history of deoxygenation of upper intermediate waters during the last deglaciation from Santa Barbara Basin (SBB), based on quantitative analyses of benthic foraminiferal assemblages, from a new shallow piston core above basin sill depth (MV0811-15JC, 418m), and previously described sequences in the deeper basin (MD02-2504, 481m and MD02-2503, 570m). We document a 152m depth transect of benthic foraminiferal assemblages to extract changing community structure (density, diversity, and evenness) and improve paleoenvironmental interpretation of late Quaternary vertical oscillations in the upper boundary of the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ). Close interaction between changes in open margin OMZ and that of the restricted SBB is documented using these quantitative techniques. MV0811-15JC, while being unlaminated, contains strongly hypoxic foraminiferal assemblages (including species Bolivina tumida and Nonionella stella), coeval with preserved sediment laminations in the deeper cores. Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) assemblages across this transect contained oxic fauna and high diversity. At 14.7ka, glacial termination IA, hypoxic benthic fauna appeared across the transect, recording hypoxic waters (<0.5mlL 1 ) <300m from the ocean surface. Bolling/Allerod (B/A) assemblages uniquely stand out in the record, exhibited by low density, diversity, and evenness, and taxonomic composition reflecting extreme and stressful hypoxia and methane-rich environments. Younger Dryas assemblages were diverse and composed of oxic fauna, similar to LGM assemblages. Termination IB initiated another deoxygenation shift, followed by OMZ-associated faunal and density patterns. This analysis strengthens the quantitative assessment of oxygen concentrations involved in deglacial OMZ change and reveals the unexpected, remarkable shallowness of OMZ influence during the B/A.
The conserved histone chaperone LIN-53 links lifespan and healthspan regulation in Caenorhabditis elegans

Whether extension of lifespan provides an extended time without health deteriorations is an important issue for human aging. However, to which degree lifespan and healthspan regulation might be linked is not well understood. Chromatin factors could be involved in linking both aging aspects, as epigenetic mechanisms bridge regulation of different biological processes. The epigenetic factor LIN-53 (RBBP4/7) is required for safeguarding cell identities in Caenorhabditis elegans as well as mammals and for preventing memory loss and premature aging in humans. LIN-53 is a histone chaperone that associates with different chromatin-regulating complexes. We show that LIN-53 interacts with the Nucleosome remodeling and deacteylase (NuRD)-complex in C. elegans muscles to promote healthy locomotion during aging. While mutants for other NuRD members show a normal lifespan, animals lacking LIN-53 die early because LIN-53 depletion affects also the Histone deacetylase complex Sin3, which is required for a normal lifespan. To determine why lin-53 and sin-3 mutants die early, we performed transcriptome and metabolome analysis and found that levels of the disaccharide Trehalose are significantly decreased in both mutants. As Trehalose is required for normal lifespan in C. elegans, lin-53 and sin-3 mutants could be rescued by either feeding with Trehalose or increasing Trehalose levels via the Insulin/IGF1 signaling pathway. Overall, our findings suggest that LIN-53 is required for maintaining lifespan and promoting healthspan through discrete chromatin regulatory mechanisms. Since both LIN-53 and its mammalian homologs safeguard cell identities, it is conceivable that its implication in lifespan and healthspan regulation is also evolutionarily conserved.
The chemopreventive potential of Curcuma purpurascens rhizome in reducing azoxymethane-induced aberrant crypt foci in rats

Curcuma purpurascens BI. rhizome, a member of the Zingiberaceae family, is a popular spice in Indonesia that is traditionally used in assorted remedies. Dichloromethane extract of C. purpurascens BI. rhizome (DECPR) has previously been shown to have an apoptosis-inducing effect on colon cancer cells. In the present study, we examined the potential of DECPR to prevent colon cancer development in rats treated with azoxymethane (AOM) (15 mg/kg) by determining the percentage inhibition in incidence of aberrant crypt foci (ACF). Starting from the day immediately after AOM treatment, three groups of rats were orally administered once a day for 2 months either 10% Tween 20 (5 mL/kg, cancer control), DECPR (250 mg/kg, low dose), or DECPR (500 mg/kg, high dose). Meanwhile, the control group was intraperitoneally injected with 5-fluorouracil (35 mg/kg) for 5 consecutive days. After euthanizing the rats, the number of ACF was enumerated in colon tissues. Bax, Bcl-2, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) protein expressions were examined using immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses. Antioxidant enzymatic activity was measured in colon tissue homogenates and associated with malondialdehyde level. The percentage inhibition of ACF was 56.04% and 68.68% in the low- and high-dose DECPR-treated groups, respectively. The ACF inhibition in the treatment control group was 74.17%. Results revealed that DECPR exposure at both doses significantly decreased AOM-induced ACF formation, which was accompanied by reduced expression of PCNA. Upregulation of Bax and downregulation of Bcl-2 suggested the involvement of apoptosis in the chemopreventive effect of DECPR. In addition, the oxidative stress resulting from AOM treatment was significantly attenuated after administration of DECPR, which was shown by the elevated antioxidant enzymatic activity and reduced malondialdehyde level. Taken together, the present data clearly indicate that DECPR significantly inhibits ACF formation in AOM-treated rats and may offer protection against colon cancer development.
Design and Analysis of Algorithms I Fall 2022 Lecture 5 : Unbiased Estimators , Streaming

As an application of hashing and the unbiased estimator, we are going to discuss streaming algorithms. Streaming algorithms has become a hot topic in computer science nowadays because of the massive amount of data that we have to process. Typically, we do not have enough space to store the entire data. Instead, we process the data in a streaming fashion, and sketch the information we want from the data by a few passes. We will talk about algorithms for F0 and F2 estimation. Those are classic results appeared in the first paper of streaming algorithms [AMS96]. The problem is as follows. Let U = {1, . , |U|} be a large universe of numbers, and let X1, . , Xn be a sequence of numbers in U . Let fi = ∑n j=1 I[Xj = i] be the number of times i appears in the sequence. For 0 ≤ k ≤ ∞, we let Fk = ∑|U| i=1 f k i , where we define 0 = 0. The interesting values of k for us are
A Concise History of World Population

List of Figures. List of Tables. Preface. 1. The Space and Strategy of Demographic Growth. 1 Humans and Animals. 2 Divide and Multiply. 3 Jacopo Bichi and Domenica Del Buono, Jean Guyon and Mathurine Robin. 4 Reproduction and Survival. 5 The Space of Growth. 6 Environmental Constraints. 7 A Few Figures. 2. Demographic Growth: Between Choice and Constraint. 1 Constraint, Choice, Adaptation. 2 From Hunters to Farmers: The Neolithic Demographic Transition. 3 Black Death and Demographic Decline in Europe. 4 The Tragedy of the American Indios: Old Microbes and New Populations. Africa, America, and the Slave Trade. 6 The French Canadians: A Demographic Success Story. 7 Ireland and Japan: Two Islands, Two Histories. 8 On the Threshold of the Contemporary World: China and Europe. 3. Land, Labor, and Population. 1 Diminishing Returns and Demographic Growth. 2 Historical Confirmations. 3 Demographic Pressure and Economic Development. 4 More on Demographic Pressure and Development: Examples from the Stone Age to the Present Day. 5 Space, Land, and Development. 6 Population Size and Prosperity. 7 Increasing or Decreasing Returns? 4. Toward Order and Efficiency: The Recent Demography of Europe and the Developed World. 1 From Waste to Economy. 2 From Disorder to Order: The Lengthening of Life. 3 From High to Low Fertility. 4 European Emigration: A Unique Phenomenon. 5 A Summing Up: The Results of the Transition. 6 Theoretical Considerations on the Relationship between Demographic and Economic Growth. 7 More on the Relationship between Demographic and Economic Growth: Empirical Observations. 5. The Populations of Poor Countries. 1 An Extraordinary Phase. 2 The Conditions of Survival. 3 A Brief Geography of Fertility. 4 The Conditions and Prospects for Fertility Decline and Demographic Policy. 5 India and China. 6 Fertilia and Sterilia. 7 Explaining a Paradox. 6. The Future. 1 Population and Self-Regulation. 2 The Numbers of the Future. 3 The North--South Divide and International Migration. 4 On Sustainability of Extended Survival. 5 The Moving Limits. 6 The Emerging Limits: Resources. 7 The Emerging Limits: Environment. 8 Calculations and Values. Notes. Select Bibliography. Index
Skeletal Overgrowths Among Epizoans from the Silurian (Wenlockian) Waldron Shale

Substrata for numerous epizoans in the Silurian Waldron Shale were provided by the toppled and overturned calyces of camerate crinoids. These were inhabited by a skeletonized fauna consisting of at least 25 species; including several bryozoans, tabulates, inarticulate brachiopods, worms, and echinoderms. Many of the encrusting bryozoans exhibit skeletal overgrowths which appear to reflect competitive interactions for space. Coexistence of certain of the bryozoans involved in such interactions is suggested by skeletal features such as inflated growth forms and upturned margins at junctions between colonies (both representing attempts to avoid being overgrown). In addition, the occurrence of overgrowth reversals within individual encounters indicates contemporaneity of that pair. Species may be ranked according to their relative overgrowth success; however, this ranking is far from rigid as lower ranked species may on occasion overgrow more highly ranked species. Such nontransitive patterns appear similar to those described from Recent cryptic bryozoan faunas.
Liver grafts from CD39-overexpressing mice are protected from ischemia reperfusion injury due to reduced numbers of resident CD4 + T cells

Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major limiting event for successful liver transplantation, and CD4 + T cells and invariant NKT (iNKT) cells have been implicated in promoting IRI. We hypothesized that hepatic over-expression of CD39, an ecto-nucleotidase with anti-inflammatory functions, will protect liver grafts after prolonged cold ischemia. CD39-transgenic (CD39tg) and wild type (WT) mouse livers were transplanted into WT recipients after 18 hours cold storage, and pathological analysis was performed 6 hours after transplantation. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and IL-6 were significantly reduced in recipients of CD39tg livers compared to recipients of WT livers. Furthermore, less severe histopathological injury was demonstrated in the CD39tg grafts. Immune analysis revealed that CD4 + T cells and iNKT cells were significantly decreased in number in the livers of untreated CD39tg mice. This was associated with a peripheral CD4 + T cell lymphopenia due to defective thymocyte maturation. To assess the relative importance of liver-resident CD4 + T cells and iNKT cells in mediating liver injury following extended cold preservation and transplantation, WT mice depleted of CD4 + T cells or mice genetically deficient in iNKT cells were used as donors. The absence of CD4 + T cells, but not iNKT cells, protected liver grafts from early IRI. Conclusion: Hepatic CD4 + T cells, but not iNKT cells, play a critical role in early IRI following extended cold preservation in a liver transplant model.
Particle size distributions in the Eastern Mediterranean troposphere

Atmospheric particle size distributions were measured on Crete island, Greece in the Eastern Mediterranean during an intensive field campaign between 28 August and 20 October, 2005. Our instrumentation combined a differential mobility particle sizer (DMPS) and an aerodynamic particle sizer (APS) and measured number size distributions in the size range 0.018 μm–10 μm. Four time periods with distinct aerosol characteristics were discriminated, two corresponding to marine and polluted air masses, respectively. In marine air, the sub-μm size distributions showed two particle modes centered at 67 nm and 195 nm having total number concentrations between 900 and 2000 cm −3 . In polluted air masses, the size distributions were mainly unimodal with a mode typically centered at 140 nm, with number concentrations varying between 1800 and 2900 cm −3 . Super-μm particles showed number concentrations in the range from 0.01 to 2.5 cm −3 without any clear relation to air mass origin. A small number of short-lived particle nucleation events were recorded, where the calculated particle formation rates ranged between 1.1–1.7 cm −3 s −1 . However, no particle nucleation and growth events comparable to those typical for the continental boundary layer were observed. Particles concentrations (Diameter −3 . The production of sulfuric acid and its subsequently condensation on preexisting particles was examined with the use of a simplistic box model. These calculations suggested that the day-time evolution of the Aitken particle population was governed mainly by coagulation and that particle formation was absent during most days.
Determination of the recharge area and salinization degree of karst springs in the Lamas Basin (Turkey)

The Lamas Basin is an area covering ∼4400 km2 situated on the eastern Mediterranean coast of Turkey covered with highly karstified limestone and dolomitic limestone from the Miocene and Mesozoic age, respectively. Owing to the area’s low karstification basement, groundwater in the karst aquifer circulates deep from the surface towards the springs along the coast as well as to the submarine springs. This study aims working out the salinization level and recharge characteristics of the Lamas Basin using environmental isotopes techniques. In the study, the data collected previously to discover, in general terms, the groundwater characteristics within the area are reanalyzed to fulfil the purpose of the study. In conclusion, it is found that the down gradient karst springs discharging along the Mediterranean coast mostly contain groundwater contributions from higher altitudes with depleted δ18O and δ2H compositions. The δ18O-altitude effect was determined as approximately−0.12 ‰/100 m which may indicate sea-s.
Unimodal Versus Bimodal EEG-fMRI Neurofeedback of a Motor Imagery Task

Neurofeedback is a promising tool for brain rehabilitation and peak performance training. Neurofeedback approaches usually rely on a single brain imaging modality such as EEG or fMRI. Combining these modalities for neurofeedback training could allow to provide richer information to the subject and could thus enable him/her to achieve faster and more specific self-regulation. Yet unimodal and multimodal neurofeedback have never been compared before. In the present work, we introduce a simultaneous EEG-fMRI experimental protocol in which participants performed a motor-imagery task in unimodal and bimodal NF conditions. With this protocol we were able to compare for the first time the effects of unimodal EEG-neurofeedback and fMRI-neurofeedback versus bimodal EEG-fMRI-neurofeedback by looking both at EEG and fMRI activations. We also propose a new feedback metaphor for bimodal EEG-fMRI-neurofeedback that integrates both EEG and fMRI signal in a single bi-dimensional feedback (a ball moving in 2D). Such a feedback is intended to relieve the cognitive load of the subject by presenting the bimodal neurofeedback task as a single regulation task instead of two. Additionally, this integrated feedback metaphor gives flexibility on defining a bimodal neurofeedback target. Participants were able to regulate activity in their motor regions in all NF conditions. Moreover, motor activations as revealed by offline fMRI analysis were stronger during EEG-fMRI-neurofeedback than during EEG-neurofeedback. This result suggests that EEG-fMRI-neurofeedback could be more specific or more engaging than EEG-neurofeedback. Our results also suggest that during EEG-fMRI-neurofeedback, participants tended to regulate more the modality that was harder to control. Taken together our results shed first light on the specific mechanisms of bimodal EEG-fMRI-neurofeedback and on its added-value as compared to unimodal EEG-neurofeedback and fMRI-neurofeedback.
Brain-Controlled Drone Formal Proposal

We are working with Dr. ShiNing Ching to create a drone that can move in response to commands communicated solely through imaged motor brain activity. We will design a brain controller interface (BCI) that will utilize an electroencephalogram (EEG) cap to measure the brain activity and create a method to extract distinctive brain waves from the EEG cap’s channels. The BCI will be able to assist us in classifying the motor imagery based on the detected brain waves, deciding what the drone movement should be based on the motor imagery, and transmitting that decision to the drone. We will build the communication connections from the EEG cap to the computer to the drone. This will require the development of a signal processing method that is adaptive to the difference in brain activity amongst people. We need to test the capabilities of the BCI to determine if it can handle being used in real time versus using pre-recorded brain wave information. After being able to successfully control the drone using an EEG cap, we will work on optimizing the filtration of the incoming signals to improve reliability and high accuracy rates of the outgoing commands.
Is Risk Mispriced in a Credit Boom? ∗

I review and extend the literature on credit booms and asset pricing by examining the pricing of risky assets (equities, housing, and credit) during a credit boom in an international panel spanning 140 years. Credit booms are associated with low risk premiums (credit growth negatively forecasts excess returns), but are also associated with more risk in terms of higher likelihood of a left tail events in returns and GDP and higher probability of a ﬁnancial crisis. Thus, the eﬀective pricing of risk (e.g., risk aversion) needs to be quite low to rationalize asset price behavior in credit booms. While there is no deﬁnitive evidence of mispricing, typical theories of varying risk-aversion don’t easily reconcile the evidence, suggesting a role for risk being underpriced in credit booms. Models that suggest mispricing through extrapolation from past risk appear promising as credit booms are preceded by low risk in asset markets even though they forecast high future risk. I consider the idea that agents do not take into account endogenous risk through their actions of taking higher leverage in credit booms.
candidate genes and functional

6 The objective of this study was to identify genomic regions and candidate genes associated with productive traits 7 using a total of 37,099 productive records and 6,683 SNP data obtained from five Great-Grand-Parents (GGP) farms 8 in Landrace. The estimated of heritabilities for days to 105kg (AGE), average daily gain (ADG), backfat thickness 9 (BF), and eye muscle area (EMA) were 0.49, 0.49, 0.56, and 0.23, respectively. We identified a genetic window that 10 explained 2.05-2.34% for each trait of the total genetic variance. We observed a clear partitioning of the four traits 11 into two groups, and the most significant genomic region for AGE and ADG were located on the SSC 1, while BF 12 and EMA were located on SSC 2. We conducted Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and 13 Genomes (KEGG), which revealed results in three biological processes, four cellular component, three molecular 14 function, and six KEGG pathway. Significant SNPs can be used as markers for quantitative trait loci (QTL) 15 investigation and genomic selection (GS) for productive traits in Landrace pig.
Experimental evidence that excited ozone is a source of nitrous oxide

This letter presents experimental data and their interpretation that lend support to earlier speculations concerning the formation of nitrous oxide (N2O) by excited ozone (O3) chemistry. This is a significant new development because the discovery of an atmospheric source of N2O has important implications for its global budget and because this process may account for the mass independent N2O isotope anomaly recently observed in the troposphere and lower stratosphere.
Merge-Replay: Efficient IFDS-Based Taint Analysis by Consolidating Equivalent Value Flows

The IFDS-based taint analysis employs two mutually iterative passes: a forward pass that identifies taints and a backward pass that detects aliases. This approach ensures both flow and context sensitivity, leading to remarkable precision. To preserve flow sensitivity, the IFDS-based taint analysis enhances data abstractions with activation statements that pinpoint the moment they acquire taint. Nonetheless, this mechanism can inadvertently introduce equivalent, yet redundant, value flows. This occurs when distinct activation statements are linked with the same data abstraction, resulting in unnecessary computational and memory-intensive demands on the analysis process. We introduce MergeDroid, a novel approach to improve the efficiency of IFDS-based taint analysis by consolidating equivalent value flows. This involves merging activation statements linked to the same data abstraction from various reachable data facts that are reachable at a given program point during the backward pass. This process generates a representative symbolic activation statement applicable to all equivalent data facts, reducing them to a single symbolic data fact. During the forward pass, when this symbolic data fact returns to its point of creation, the analysis reverts to the original data facts alongside their initial activation statements. This merge-and-replay strategy eliminates redundant value flow propagation, resulting in performance gains. Furthermore, we also improve analysis efficiency and precision by leveraging context-sensitive insights from activation statements. Our evaluation on 40 Android apps demonstrates that MergeDroid significantly enhances IFDS-based taint analysis performance. On average, MergeDroid accelerates analysis by 9.0× while effectively handling 6 more apps scalably. Additionally, it reduces false positives by significantly decreasing reported leak warnings, achieving an average reduction of 19.2%.