Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular dynamics simulation on effects of nanostructure on interfacial thermal resistance during condensation

Heat transfer with phase change is applied in various industrial fields such as power generation industry, air conditioning systems and cooling of electronic devices. In the above mentioned industrial devices, condensation is one of the important processes, and the enhancement of heat transfer coefficients in condensation processes benefits us from a thermal efficiency point of view. In the case of condensation on a solid surface, it is known that condensation heat transfer coefficients change through the modification of physical and chemical properties of condensation surface, and the enhancements of condensation heat transfer coefficient by designed nano and micro structure pattern on a heat transfer surface have been reported (Chen et al., 2011; Miljikovic et al., 2013; Hou et al., 2015). However, there is limited general knowledge on how the structures influence energy transfer during the condensation. In order to understand the effects of the structures at the nanometer scale (nanostructures) attached to a heat transfer surface in the condensation processes, a molecular dynamics point of view is necessary because the molecular-scale condensation occurs on a surface at the nanometer scale at the initial stage of the condensation heat transfer phenomena. Before now, a number of studies have been carried out to estimate the heat transfer of molecular scale (Kimura and Maruyama, 2002; Vera and Yildiz, 2015) and the effects of the nanostructures on the heat transfer surface during condensation (Uno et al., 2016, 2018; Gao et al., 2019). However, there were few researches which investigated the effect of the local segment of the nanostructure on the heat transfer surface during condensation. Therefore, we investigated the condensation behavior and heat transfer mechanism in each segment of the surface with the nanostructure, which would be the basis of the detailed design of the heat transfer surface with the optimal nanostructured pattern which realizes high condensation heat transfer coefficient. In this study, we especially focused on the condensation behaviors and the local heat transfer in condensation processes on a solid surface with a cuboid structure. The classical molecular dynamics Akito FUJII*, Kunio FUJIWARA*, Yoshitaka UEKI* and Masahiko SHIBAHARA* *Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan E-mail: fujii.akito. mte@gmail.com Received: 17 March 2020; Revised: 11 May 2020; Accepted: 1 June 2020
Organization of the Influenza A Virus Genomic RNA in the Viral Replication Cycle—Structure, Interactions, and Implications for the Emergence of New Strains

The influenza A virus is a human pathogen causing respiratory infections. The ability of this virus to trigger seasonal epidemics and sporadic pandemics is a result of its high genetic variability, leading to the ineffectiveness of vaccinations and current therapies. The source of this variability is the accumulation of mutations in viral genes and reassortment enabled by its segmented genome. The latter process can induce major changes and the production of new strains with pandemic potential. However, not all genetic combinations are tolerated and lead to the assembly of complete infectious virions. Reports have shown that viral RNA segments co-segregate in particular circumstances. This tendency is a consequence of the complex and selective genome packaging process, which takes place in the final stages of the viral replication cycle. It has been shown that genome packaging is governed by RNA–RNA interactions. Intersegment contacts create a network, characterized by the presence of common and strain-specific interaction sites. Recent studies have revealed certain RNA regions, and conserved secondary structure motifs within them, which may play functional roles in virion assembly. Growing knowledge on RNA structure and interactions facilitates our understanding of the appearance of new genome variants, and may allow for the prediction of potential reassortment outcomes and the emergence of new strains in the future.
Internet of Drones Security and Privacy Issues: Taxonomy and Open Challenges

Internet of Drones (IoD) is a decentralized network and management framework that links drones’ access to the controlled airspace and provides inter-location navigation services. The interconnection of drones in the IoD network is through the Internet of Things (IoT). Hence the IoD network is vulnerable to all the security and privacy threats that affect IoT networks. It is highly required to safeguard a good atmosphere free from security and privacy threats to get the desired performance from IoD applications. Security and privacy issues have significantly restricted the overall influence of the IoD paradigm. There are existing survey studies that helped lay a vital foundation for understanding the IoD security and privacy issues. However, not all have thoroughly investigated the level of security and privacy threats associated with the various drone categories. Besides, most existing review studies do not examine secured IoD architecture. This paper aims to assess the recent trends in the security and privacy issues that affect the IoD network. We investigate the level of security and privacy threats of the various drone categories. We then highlight the need for secured IoD architecture and propose one. We also give a comprehensive taxonomy of the attacks on the IoD network. Moreover, we review the recent IoD attack mitigating techniques. We also provide the performance evaluation methods and the performance metrics employed by the techniques. Finally, we give research future direction to help researchers identify the latest opportunities in IoD research.
Effective Spare Line Allocation Built-in Redundancy Analysis With Base Common Spare for Yield Improvement of 3D Memory

The memory cell density and memory capacity have been increased for obtaining larger and faster memory. However, this threatens the memory reliability by increasing the probability of faulty cell generation. In this paper, a fast and small-area built-in redundancy analysis (RA) for the post-bond repair process in 3D memory is proposed. Spare line allocation is the structure for memory repair which the most widely used. However, the spare line structure that replaces the entire line which contains faults in each memory layer occurs inefficiency in repairing a small number of faults, including single faults, and it is difficult to share spares between layers. The proposed idea is to use spare line to repair line faults according to the characteristics of it, and to complement the structural limitations by proposing a new redundant spare. This is base common spare located on the base die, and it can be shared across all layers. The proposed BIRA improves the efficiency of spare lines with two complementary spare resource structures, achieving a short repair time and high repair rate. The proposed BIRA achieves 100% repair rate when there are at least 2 times more faults than the previous works with the same hardware overhead. In addition, it takes only at most 80% of the analysis time compared to the previous works, and as the number of faults increases, the analysis time reduction becomes greater compared to the previous works.
Design of a Symmetry Protocol for the Efficient Operation of IP Cameras in the IoT Environment

The rapid development of Internet technology and the spread of various smart devices have enabled the creation of a convenient environment used by people all around the world. It has become increasingly popular, with the technology known as the Internet of Things (IoT). However, both the development and proliferation of IoT technology have caused various problems such as personal information leakage and privacy violations due to attacks by hackers. Furthermore, countless devices are connected to the network in the sense that all things are connected to the Internet, and network attacks that have thus far been exploited in the existing PC environment are now also occurring frequently in the IoT environment. In fact, there have been many security incidents such as DDoS attacks involving the hacking of IP cameras, which are typical IoT devices, leakages of personal information and the monitoring of numerous persons without their consent. While attacks in the existing Internet environment were PC-based, we have confirmed that various smart devices used in the IoT environment—such as IP cameras and tablets—can be utilized and exploited for attacks on the network. Even though it is necessary to apply security solutions to IoT devices in order to prevent potential problems in the IoT environment, it is difficult to install and execute security solutions due to the inherent features of small devices with limited memory space and computational power in this aforementioned IoT environment, and it is also difficult to protect certificates and encryption keys due to easy physical access. Accordingly, this paper examines potential security threats in the IoT environment and proposes a security design and the development of an intelligent security framework designed to prevent them. The results of the performance evaluation of this study confirm that the proposed protocol is able to cope with various security threats in the network. Furthermore, from the perspective of energy efficiency, it was also possible to confirm that the proposed protocol is superior to other cryptographic protocols. Thus, it is expected to be effective if applied to the IoT environment.
Standortwettbewerb der Bundesländer

Germany`s disappointing economic performance causes political upsets. If the next government intents to be more successfull than the current one, fundamental reforms are to be enforced. Germany`s inadequate federal system is a major growth obstacle. The country forgoes the benefits of institutional competition, that would result in a higher level of efficiency. As mobility within the federal republic is higher than between countries, competition among the German Lander could be more challenging than between Germany and its foreign trade partners. Thus, vivid competition on the level of the Lander would strengthen the incentives to perform an effective policy and wipe out inefficiencies, for example those being due to the political process. Though the most important political issues are shaped on the federal level, some political scope for the Lander governments remains. This holds true especially as far as the administration rather than the legislative is concerned. The study ? Die Bundeslander im Standortwettbewerb? evaluates the political success of the German Lander. It reveals, that the different performance of the Lander is also due to different Lander policies. Bavaria and Baden-Wuerttemberg are the two most successful Flachenlander (non-city states), and they are the two Lander with the most consequent policies as well. To enhence the beneficial effects of institutional competition, a comprehensive reform has to widen the political scope of the Lander. Competences are to be disentengled. With the concept of the FOCJ (functional, overlapping, competing jurisdictions), Frey an Eichenberger propose to decentralize competences radically and enhence institutional competition to a maximum level.
Biomechanics: Mechanical Properties of Living Tissues

Prefaces. 1. Introduction: A sketch of the History and Scope of the Field. 2. The Meaning of the Constitutive Equation. 3. The Flow Properties of Blood. 4. Mechanics of Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, and Other Cells. 5. Interaction of Red Blood Cells with Vessel Wall, and Wall Shear with Endothelium. 6 Bioviscoelastic Fluids. Bioviscoelastic Solids. 8. Mechanical Properties and Active Remodeling of Blood Vessels. 9. Skeletal Muscle. 10. Heart Muscle. 11. Smooth Muscles. 12. Bone and Cartilage. Indices
Reducing the Control Burden of Legged Robotic Locomotion through Biomimetic Consonance in Mechanical Design and Control

Terrestrial robots must be capable of negotiating rough terrain if they are to become autonomous outside of the lab. Although the control mechanism offered by wheels is attractive in its simplicity, any wheeled system is confined to relatively flat terrain. Wheels will also only ever be useful for rolling, while limbs observed in nature are highly multimodal. The robust locomotive utility of legs is evidenced by the many animals that walk, run, jump, swim, and climb in a world full of challenging terrain. On the other hand, legs with multiple degrees of freedom (DoF) require much more complex control and precise sensing than wheels. Legged robotic systems are easily hampered by sensor noise and bulky control loops that prohibit the high-speed adaptation to external perturbations necessary for dynamic stability in real time. Low sensor bandwidth can limit the system’s reaction time to external perturbations. It is also often necessary to filter sensor data, which introduces significant delays in the control loop. In addition, state estimation is often relied upon in order to compute active stabilizing responses. State estimation requires accurate sensor data, often involving filtering, and can involve additional nontrivial computation such as the pseudo-inversion of fullbody Jacobians. This perception portion of the control burden is all incurred before a response can be planned and executed. These delays can prevent a system from executing a corrective response before instability leads to failure. The present work presents an approach to legged system design and control that reduces both the perception and planning aspects of the online control burden. A commonly accepted design goal in robotics is to accomplish a task with the fewest possible DoF in order to tighten the control loop and avoid the curse of dimensionality. However, animals control many DoF in a manner that adapts to external perturbations faster than can be explained by efferent neural control. The passive mechanics of segmented animal limbs are capable of rejecting
Generating Software Tests to Check for Flaws and Functionalities

Industrial products, like vehicles and trains, integrate embedded systems implementing diverse and complicated functionalities. Such functionalities are programmable by software containing a multitude of parameters necessary for their configuration, which have been increasing due to the market diversification and customer demand. However, the increasing functionality and complexity of such systems make the validation and testing of the software highly complex. The complexity inherent to software nowadays has a direct relationship with the rising number of vulnerabilities found in the software itself due to the increased attack surface. A vulnerability is defined as a weakness in the application that if exploitable can cause serious damages and great financial impact. Products with such variability need to be tested adequately, looking for security flaws to guarantee public safety and quality assurance of the application. While efficient automated testing systems already exist, such as fuzzing, no tool is able to use results of a previous testable programme to more efficiently test the next piece of software that shares certain functionalities. The objective of this dissertation is to implement such a tool that can ignore already covered functionalities that have been seen and tested before in a previously tested program and give more importance to block codes that have yet to been tested, detect security vulnerabilities and to avoid repeating work when it is not necessary, hence increasing the speed and the coverage in the new program. The approach was implemented in a tool based on the American Fuzzy Lop (AFL) fuzzing application and was validated with a set of programs of different versions. The experimental results showed that the tool can perform better than AFL.
Critical Factors Affecting Selection of Travel Destinations: A Case Study in Vietnam

This study is conducted to fill the research gap in proposing and testing the relationship between “Attitudes about the overall image of the destination”, “Subjective norms” and “Perceived behavioral control”. Simultaneously, we examine the relationship between these variables and tourists’ “intent to choose a destination. ”. While most previous studies only deal with the relationship between destination image and intended behavior of tourists, this study uses the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1991) to explain the intended behavior of tourists. In addition, the Theory of Destination Image (Echtner & Ritchie, 1991) is used to explain the factor “attitudes about the overall image of the destination”, contribute to supplementing and perfecting the Theory of Planned Behavior. This study uses a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to analyze a sample of 993 observations, the subjects of which are international tourists to Vietnam, to test the relationship between second-order constructs. The test results show that “Subjective norms” and “Perceived behavioral control” have an impact on “Attitudes about the overall image of the destination”. Moreover, all these three factors have an impact on “Intent to choose destination”, in which the factor “Perceived behavioral control” has the greatest impact on “intention to choose destination”.
FUZZY LOGIC IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Initial data for operation of a pavement management system are provided by diagnostics of highways. It is common practice to distinguish between two types of work when performing the diagnostics: instrumental inspection and visual inspection. The progress in engineering resulted in greater accuracy of instrumental measurements of basic highway parameters. However, the cost of such equipment is very high and in many cases this makes its application by road administrations inaccessible. If this is the case, a single real type of inspection will be visual inspection. Though, such inspection has a number of drawbacks, the major of them being low level of accuracy in determining quality characteristics of defects. Various high-tech developments have appeared over recent years to overcome this drawback. They are based on use of digital video recording, computer-aided analysis of video images and automatic or semi-automatic determination of defects and their quantity. As a consequence, accuracy of determining defects quantity increases but so does the cost of equipment and even more: the price for the most advanced specimen of similar equipment come up to hundreds thousand euros. Thus, defect inspection of highway pavements transfers from the range of visual to the range of instrumental inspection and becomes hardly accessible as well. The possible way out of this situation may lie in rejection of accurate quantitative determination of defect quantity and transition to the qualitative assessment of pavement condition. Utilizing the concepts of a linguistic variable and fuzzy logic enables operation with qualitative assessments as successfully as with numeric indicators. The article discusses basic principles and examples of utilizing linguistic variables and fuzzy logic in development of a pavement management system.
On the p-typical curves in Quillen's K-theory

C o n t e n t s Introduction . 1 1. The complex TR. (A;p) . 5 2. Smooth algebras . 21 3. Typical curves in/(-theory . 34 References . 52
Semiclassical methods in molecular scattering and spectroscopy : proceedings of the NATO ASI held in Cambridge, England, in September 1979

Semiclassical and Higher Order Approximations: Properties. Solution of Connection Problems. - 1. Introduction. - 2. First order JWKB approximation. - 3. Method for solving connection problems. - 4. Anti-Stokes' and Stokes' Lines. - 5. Properties of the JWKB Approximation in the complex plane. - 6. Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization condition. - 7. Phase shift. - 8. Normalization. - 9. Expectation values and matrix elements. - 10. Higher order approximations. - 11. Exercises. - References. - Semiclassical Theory of Elastic Scattering. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Quantum mechanical elastic scattering. - 3. Classical elastic scattering. - 4. The semiclassical phase shift. - 5. Semiclassical evaluation of f(? ). - 6. Orbiting collisions and resonances. - 7. Regge pole representation of f(? ). - References. - Problems. - Applications of Bohr Quantization in Diatomic Molecule Spectroscopy. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Spectroscopic properties of the potential function. - 3. RKR inversion. - 4. Near dissociation behaviour of diatomic molecules. - 5. Problems. - References. - Separable Spectroscopy Applications. - 1. Frack-Condon factors and predissociation. - 2. Tunneling and curve-crossing problems. - 3. Problems. - References. - The Classical S Matrix. - 1. Classical considerations. - 2. Derivations of the S matrix. - 3. Problems. - References. - Semiclassical Theory of Eletronically Non-Adiabatic Transitions in Molecular Collisions Processes. - 1. Introductory concepts and tools. - 2. Specific theories and dynamical models. - 3. Miller-George theory of electronic transitions. - 4. Applications of the semiclassical S matrix. - 5. Interaction with fields. Laser-enhanced collisions. - 6. Miscellaneous aspects of laser-enhanced collisions. - Problems. - References. - Correspondence-Principle Methods for Molecular Collisions. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Bound states and matrix elements. - 3. Cross sections. - 4. Collinear vibrational excitation. - 5. Rotational excitation. - 6. Rotational-vibrational excitation and rotor-rotor collisions. - 7. Conclusions. - Problems. - References. - The Determination of Bound States by Semiclassical Methods. - 1. The nature of classical trajectories. - 2. Methods for determining semiclassical eigenvalues. - 3. Quantum effects of classical ergodicity. - References. - Appendix. M. S. Child/The Airy Function. - 1. Properties. - References. - Author Index.
Evaluation of Waste Engine Oil-Rejuvenated Asphalt Concrete Mixtures with High RAP Content

The use of large proportions of reclaimed asphalt pavement is necessary to meet the increasing demand for road construction materials in a sustainable way. One of the challenges of using a greater percentage of reclaimed asphalt pavement (>30%) is the greater stiffness of mixes incorporating it. While this stiffness problem is usually resolved by using different commercial rejuvenators, there are circumstances in which commercial rejuvenators are not available. Therefore, this study evaluates the potential of using waste engine oil as a substitute for commercial rejuvenators for the higher percentage of reclaimed asphalt pavement that could meet the increasing demand in a more sustainable way. To assess the possibility of using a higher percentage of reclaimed asphalt pavement in road construction, different percentages of reclaimed asphalt pavement (30%, 40%, and 50%) are used. Following the property of the aged binder, three different percentages (7%, 13%, and 20%) of waste engine oil are considered. Each percent of waste engine oil is incorporated with one of the three mixes. The mixes (with the minimum required Marshall criteria) are evaluated for different properties, namely, their indirect tensile strength, resilient modulus, and durability. Finally, those properties are compared to those of the mixes rejuvenated by commercial rejuvenators. It is observed that, for the aforementioned properties, 7% to 13% of waste engine oil is identical to the commercial rejuvenator for the mixes with 30% to 40% of reclaimed asphalt pavement.