Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Export-led growth: a survey of the empirical literature and some non-causality results. Part 1

The economic development and growth literature contains extensive discussions on relationships between exports and economic growth. One debate centres on whether countries should promote the export sector to obtain economic growth. An abundant empirical literature on this export-led growth (ELG) hypothesis has followed. We aim to contribute to this literature in two ways. In this paper, part 1, we provide a comprehensive survey of more than 150 export-growth applied papers. We describe the changes that have occurred, over the last two decades, in the methodologies used empirically to examine for relationships between exports and economic growth, and we provide information on the current findings.The last decade has seen an abundance of time series studies that focus on examining for causality via exclusions restrictions tests, impulse response function analysis and forecast error variance decompositions. Our second contribution is to examine some of these time series methods. We show, in part 2, that ELG results based on standard causality techniques are not typically robust to specification or method. We do this by reconsidering two export-led growth applications – Oxley’s (1993) study for Portugal, and Henriques and Sadorsky’s (1996) analysis for Canada. Our results suggest that extreme care should be exercised when interpreting much of the applied research on the ELG hypothesis.
Context-based mapping of damaged buildings from high-resolution optical satellite images

In the early stages of post-disaster response, a quick and reliable damage assessment map is essential. As time is a critical factor, automated damage mapping from remotely sensed images is the expected solution to drastically reduce data acquisition and computation time. Recently, high-resolution satellite images, such as QuickBird data, have been in high demand by damage assessment analysts and disaster management practitioners. However, the existing automated mapping approaches hardly accommodate such high-resolution data. This research aims at developing a new context-based automated approach for earthquake damage mapping from high-resolution satellite images. Relevant contextual information (including structure, shape, size, edge texture, spatial relations) describing the damage situation is formulated and up-scaled on a morphological scale-space. Speed optimization is achieved by parallel processing implementation. The developed approach was tested with two QuickBird images acquired on 26 June 2005 and 3 June 2008 over YingXiu town, Sichuan, China, which suffered the devastating 12 May 2008 earthquake. In comparison to the reference, the developed mapping approach could achieve over 80% accuracy for computation of the damage ratio. Future research is planned to test the approach on various disaster cases for both optical and radar images using a grid-computing platform towards a cost-effective damage mapping solution.
Spatial Technology and Archaeology: The Archaeological Applications of GIS

Archaeology, Space and GIS. The Spatial database. Acquiring and Integrating Data. Manipulating Spatial Data. Digital Elevation Models. Beginning to Quantify Spatial Patterns. Sites, Territories and Distance. Location Models and Prediction. Trend Surface and Interpolation. Visibility Analysis and Archaeology. Cultural Resource Management. Future Directions. References. Index.
Culture and Creativity in the Territorial Local Systems. Tales in Search for a Theoretical Scheme

The analysis presented in this paper deals with the topic of the integration of a cultural institution in old industrialised urban contexts, and concerns the use of cultural activities not only as factors of diversification of the local economy, but also as elements of innovation and cross-fertilisation for the former industrial functions. The cases of Biella industrial district and Saint-Etienne industrial area are described in light of the current debate on the culture-based urban and regional development. Attention is also paid to the experiences of Cittadellarte- Pistoletto Foundation and Cite du Design, two cultural institutions recently established in the above mentioned contexts and operating as important nodes of innovation and relations between the local and global networks
Magnetic field analysis of Morro do Leme nickel deposit

ABSTRACTThe Morro do Leme laterite nickel deposit lies inside the western border of the Parecis Basin (Brazil). This deposit is characterized by high concentrations of lateritic Ni (about 1.8%) and anomalous contents of Pd, Au, Cu, Na, Co, Zn, and Pt in a peridotite and dunite layered intrusion. Besides the existence of geochemical and drilling data, the 3D distribution in the subsurface of this layered intrusion is still unknown. An airborne magnetic survey revealed three east–west elongated magnetic anomalies, characterized by a significant remanent magnetization. The sources of these anomalies were delimitated laterally and had their depths estimated between 90 and 150 m, using techniques that use derivatives. Further, the total magnetization direction was obtained from a distortion analysis of the magnetic anomalies. All these data were united in an initial model for the 3D inversion of the magnetic data. The total and induced magnetization directions were attributed to the inverted model of 0.12 (SI).
1990 Annual Tropical Cyclone Report

Abstract : Annual publication summarizing tropical cyclone activity in the Western North Pacific, Bay of Bengal, Arabian Sea, Western South Pacific and South Indian Oceans. A best track is provided for each significant tropical cyclone. A brief narrative is given for all tropical cyclones in the Western North Pacific and North Indian Oceans. All reconnaissance and fix data used to construct the best tracks are provided, upon request, on floppy diskettes. Forecast verification data and statistics for the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) are submitted.
Numerical modeling of the semidiurnal tidal exchange through the Strait of Gibraltar

[1] A three-dimensional sigma coordinate free surface model is used to investigate the semidiurnal tidal exchange through the Strait of Gibraltar. The model makes use of a coastal-following, curvilinear orthogonal grid that includes the Gulf of Cadiz and the Alboran Sea, with very high resolution in the strait (<500 m). A lock-exchange initial condition is used: the western part of the model domain is filled with Atlantic water, whereas the eastern part is filled with Mediterranean water. The model is forced at the open boundaries through the specification of the semidiurnal (M2 and S2) tidal surface elevation. The model is run over a spring neap cycle (fortnightly period), and the results are compared with available observed data. Simulated cotidal maps of the M2 and S2 tidal elevation components are in quantitative and qualitative good agreement with observed data as well as with the simulated major and minor axis of tidal ellipse. The model reproduces the generation and the subsequent propagation of internal bores both eastward and westward, showing that they are always generated during the fortnightly period. However, the principal aim of this work is to quantify the effects of tidal forcing on mean quantities, entrainment, and transport of Atlantic and Mediterranean water along the strait. Model results reveal that the contribution of the semidiurnal tidal component (M2) to the transport is relevant over Camarinal Sill, whereas it is negligible at the eastern end of the strait. Model results indicate, also, that the effect of the semidiurnal tide is to increment the mean transport by about 30% both for the inflow and the outflow.
The Precision Medicine Knowledge Base: an online application for collaborative editing, maintenance and sharing of structured clinical-grade cancer mutations interpretations

Objective This paper describes the Precision Medicine Knowledge Base (PMKB; https://pmkb.weill.cornell.edu), an interactive online application for collaborative editing, maintenance and sharing of structured clinical-grade cancer mutations interpretations. Materials and Methods PMKB was built using the Ruby on Rails Web application framework. Leveraging existing standards such as Human Genome Variation Society (HGVS) variant description format, we implemented a data model that links variants to tumor-specific and tissue-specific interpretations. Key features of PMKB include support for all major variant types, standardized authentication, distinct user roles including high-level approvers, detailed activity history. A REpresentational State Transfer (REST) application-programming interface (API) was implemented to query the PMKB programmatically. Results At the time of writing, PMKB contains 457 variant descriptions with 281 clinical-grade interpretations. The EGFR, BRAF, KRAS, and KIT genes are associated with the largest numbers of interpretable variants. The PMKB’s interpretations have been used in over 1,500 AmpliSeq tests and 750 whole exome sequencing tests. The interpretations are accessed either directly via the Web interface or programmatically via the existing API. Discussion An accurate and up-to-date knowledge base of genomic alterations of clinical significance is critical to the success of precision medicine programs. The open-access, programmatically accessible PMKB represents an important attempt at creating such a resource in the field of oncology. Conclusion The PMKB was designed to help collect and maintain clinical-grade mutation interpretations and facilitates reporting for clinical cancer genomic testing. The PMKB was also designed to enable the creation of clinical cancer genomics automated reporting pipelines via an API.
Understanding sources, sinks, and transport of marine debris

[1] Fifth International Marine Debris Conference: Hydrodynamics of Marine Debris; Honolulu, Hawaii, 20 March 2011; Ocean pollution in the form of marine debris, especially plastic debris, has received increasing public and media attention in recent years through striking but frequently inaccurate descriptions of “;garbage patches. ” Marine debris is composed of all manufactured materials, including glass, metal, paper, fibers, and plastic, that have been deliberately dumped or that accidentally entered the marine environment. Marine debris is most visible on beaches, but it has been observed in all oceans and in such remote locations as on the deep seabed and floating in the middle of subtropical ocean gyres. While many initiatives have been developed to solve this pollution problem through prevention and cleanup efforts, there is relatively little scientific information available to assess the current status of the problem or to provide metrics to gauge the success of remediation measures. With this in mind, a full-day workshop entitled “Hydrodynamics of Marine Debris” was convened at the Fifth International Marine Debris Conference in Hawaii, bringing together observational scientists and oceanographic modelers to outline the steps necessary to quantify the major sources and sinks of marine debris and the pathways between them. The ultimate goal in integrating the two approaches of study is to quantify the basinscale and global inventory of marine debris by closing the associated mass budgets.
Propriétés mécaniques et physico-chimiques de Bétons autoplaçants exposés à une température élevée

L'utilisation des Betons autoplacants (BAP) s'est considerablement developpee au cours des dernieres annees et une attention grandissante est portee a l'etude de leurs proprietes mecaniques a l'etat durci. Les specificites de formulation de ces betons (volume de pâte important, dosage eleve en additions minerales, rapport G/S (Gravillons/Sable) proche de 1, . ) liees a leurs exigences de mise en oeuvre pourraient modifier leur comportement mecanique a l'etat durci, comparativement aux betons traditionnels vibres. Le comportement des BAP a haute temperature doit en particulier etre evalue. Les materiaux testes sont 3 betons de resistance courante dont 2 BAP et un BV. La particularite des BAP est le volume de pâte important. Des essais mecaniques (resistance a la compression, a la traction par flexion 4 points et mesure du module d'elasticite) ont ete realises. Parallelement a cela, la determination de la porosite a l'eau, de la densite apparente, de la perte de masse ainsi que de la permeabilite aux gaz ont ete etudiees. De plus, des observations microscopiques couplees a des analyses d'image et des analyses thermiques aident a preciser les causes physico-chimiques des phenomenes macroscopiques observes. Les resultats experimentaux montrent des comportements significatifs entre les BAP et BV. Les essais de resistance a la compression ont permis de distinguer un gain de resistance entre 150 et 300°C. Ce gain est explique par une rehydratation de la matrice cimentaire due a la migration de l'eau a travers les pores pour les BAP, mais aussi a de meilleures proprietes liantes des hydrates formes. La rehydratation concerne les elements anhydres de la pâte de ciment. Parallelement a cette etude, un travail en collaboration avec l'Universite d'Alabama concernant le comportement a haute temperature des betons autoplacants de granulats legers a ete realise. Cette etude a permis de caracteriser les proprietes mecaniques et les proprietes physico-chimiques de BAP de granulats legers (fabriques a Universite d'Alabama (USA)). Pour cela, des eprouvettes prismatiques et cylindriques ont subi deux traitements thermiques differents : un chauffage de type incendie ISO-834 et un chauffage lent a 1°C/min. A travers cette etude, les BAP GN ont presente une meilleure stabilite thermique a un incendie ISO-834. En ce qui concerne les proprietes physico-chimiques, nous avons constate une similitude des comportements entre BAP GL et BAP GN du point de vue de la porosite, densite, analyses thermiques. Neanmoins, une diminution de la porosite est observe a 400°C. Elle peut etre attribuee a un retrait des eprouvettes causant une diminution de volume. D'un point de vue mecanique, les BAP GL presentent une meilleure resistance residuelle a la compression et a la flexion que le BAP GN. Donc, l'utilisation de GL ameliore le comportement mecanique residuel.
Stability Limit on Numerical Attenuation Correction Algorithm for Single Polarized Radars

The attenuation is considered to be a serious problem when rainfall is measured by C or X -band weather radar. In this study, a stability analysis has been presented which showed that: (1) a numerical attenuation correction algorithm should be unstable if the sum of measured reflectivity at a gate and path integrated attenuation up to the previous gate is greater than an upper limit, which in turn depends on the slope of the specific attenuation curve; (2) two true reflectivities exist for a particular measured reflectivity and both the true reflectivities may need to be retrieved. Besides these, it has also been shown that the attenuation correction scheme can be very sensitive to measurement error when the true reflectivities are greater than or equal to 60 dBZ .
Hydrological modelling of a small watershed using generated rainfall in the soil and water assessment tool model

An adequately tested soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model was applied to the runoff and sediment yield of a small agricultural watershed in eastern India using generated rainfall. The capability of the model for generating rainfall was evaluated for a period of 18 years (1981–1998). The watershed and subwatershed boundaries, drainage networks, slope, soil series and texture maps were generated using a geographical information system (GIS). A supervised classification method was used for land‐use/cover classification from satellite imageries.
Linguistic Epidemiology: Semantics and Grammar of Language Contact in Mainland Southeast Asia

Part One: Preliminaries 1. Introduction 2. Background - Mainland Southeast Asia Part Two: Lao 3. Polyfunctionality of daj Part Three: Other Sample Languages 4. Main Verb Functions 5. Postverbal Functions 6. Descriptive Complementation 7. Preverbal Functions 8. Diversity of Form Part Four: Conclusion 9. Conclusion
Multimedia Learning: Frontmatter

The science of learning is concerned with a theory of how people learn. Theory-grounded practice refers to developing instructional methods that are consistent with how people learn. Multimedia messages that are designed in light of how the human mind works are more likely to lead to meaningful learning than those that are not. A cognitive theory of multimedia learning assumes that the human information-processing system includes dual channels for visual/pictorial and auditory/verbal processing, each channel has limited capacity for processing, and active learning entails carrying out appropriate cognitive processing during learning. Five steps in multimedia learning are selecting relevant words from the presented text or narration, selecting relevant images from the presented illustrations, organizing the selected words into a coherent verbal representation, organizing selected images into a coherent visual representation, and integrating the visual and verbal representations and prior knowledge. Processing of pictures occurs mainly in the visual/pictorial channel; processing of spoken words occurs mainly in the auditory/verbal channel; but processing of printed words takes place initially in the visual/pictorial channel and then moves to the auditory/verbal channel. Three kinds of cognitive load are extraneous cognitive processing, which is cognitive processing that does not serve the instructional goal and is caused by poor instructional design; essential processing, which is cognitive processing that is required to represent the material in working memory and is determined by the complexity of the material; and generative processing, which is deep cognitive processing including organizing and integrating the material.
Seismic stratigraphy and structural characteristics of back‐arc rifts on the Izu‐Ogasawara Arc

Seven back-arc rifts are recognized in the Izu-Ogasawara Arc, namely, the Hachijo, the Aogashima, the Myojin, the Sumisu, the Torishima, the Sofu and the Nishinoshima Rifts from north to south. The acoustic stratigraphy is divided into three units (Units A, B and C) based on the seismic reflection profiles crossing the rifts. The structure of the rifts systematically changes from a half-graben type to a full graben type in the back-arc rifts from the Hachijo Rift to the Torishima Rift. The Hachijo and the Aogashima Rifts have a structure of half-graben, and the Myojin Rift has both structural characteristics of a half-graben and a full graben. The Sumisu and the Torishima Rifts are an asymmetric full graben. The Sofu and the Nishinoshima Rifts have different structural characteristics from the remaining rifts, from the Hachijo Rift to the Torishima Rift. The boundary faults in the back-arc rifts from the Hachijo to the Torishima Rifts cut to Unit B. Unit B correlates with volcaniclastic sediments during pre-rift volcanism between 4 and 2 Ma. The pre-rift volcanism was probably widespread on the northern Izu-Ogasawara Arc as is the present arc volcanism. These factors suggest that the beginning of rifting is dated at some time after 2 Ma. The developing process of the rift consists of three stages; (i) a sag stage in the crust at the location of the large offset boundary fault; (ii) a stage of half-graben formation; (iii) a stage of full graben formation. The offset of the boundary faults becomes larger from the Hachijo Rift to the Torishima Rift and the east-west width of the rifts also widens to the south. This is presumably because the Hachijo Rift is an earlier rifting stage than the Sumisu and the Torishima Rifts. The more primitive structure in the rifting stage from the Torishima Rift to the Hachijo Rift is probably caused by the propagation of rifting from south to north. The structural difference between the rifts in the northern part and the Sofu and the Nishinoshima Rifts seems to be due to structural differences in the crust between the northern and the southern parts from the tectonic gap.
Comparison of Heterogeneous Transport Processes Observed with Electrical Resistivity Tomography in Two Soils

Preferential flow in soils can manifest itself in several ways. To illustrate this, we analyzed solute transport during a step tracer experiment in two soils expected to differ in their governing transport processes: a loamy sand and a silty soil. By combining electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), time domain reflectometry, and effluent measurements, we observed different preferential flow phenomena. The transport process was characterized using voxel‐ and column‐scale effective convective–dispersive equation (CDE) parameters, local velocities, and leaching surfaces. At the column scale, transport in the loamy sand was dominated by a homogenous convective–dispersive transport behavior, but at the scale of the voxel, preferential transport was observed. Transport in the silty soil was considerably more heterogeneous. Preferential flow was identified using ERT, voxel‐ and column‐scale effective CDE parameters, local velocities, and leaching surfaces. In these soils, a clear influence of soil layering on solute transport was observed.
Diversity Of Cultivable Bacteria From The Coast Of Caleta Olivia, Patagonia , Argentina

RESUMEN Caleta Olivia es una ciudad que posee boyas por donde se exporta el petroleo crudoobtenido de la zona norte de la provincia de Santa Cruz, Argentina. Este trabajo tuvocomo objetivo estudiar las posibilidades de utilizacion microbiana de petroleo crudo y susderivados e identificar las bacterias cultivables que se encuentran presentes en la costa deCaleta Olivia. La mineralizacion de hidrocarburos se detecto por la produccion de dioxidode carbono. Se tomaron muestras de agua de mar y sedimento intermarial de tres sitios.Se realizaron recuentos bacterianos en los medios de cultivo BBR, BRN, medio mineralcon petroleo gas oil y ENDO para bacterias coliformes. Las bacterias se identificaronutilizando el sistema de Sherlock de MIDI. Las mineralizaciones evidenciaron la capacidadexistente en los microorganismos para la utilizacion de hidrocarburos. Los recuentos decoliformes fueron negativos. Se aislaron un total de 403 cepas a las que se les realizo laextraccion de acidos grasos e identificacion, de ellas solo 172 fueron identificadas por elsistema. Se distribuyeron en 32 generos y 50 especies bacterianas. El resto, el sistema nolas identifico debido a que no hallo cepas similares en la base de datos del sistema.