Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Geochemical evidence for fluid flow and diagenesis at the cascadia convergent margin

Pervasive fluid advection is indicated in the geochemical depth profiles at four locations (five sites), two in the Vancouver Island (VI) sector and two in the Central Oregon (CO) sector of the Cascadia Convergent Margin. Diffusive fluid flow prevails at the VI Sites 888 and 889/890, whereas confined fluid flow dominates the CO Sites 891 and 892. Exactly the same deepseated fluid source (>1.5 to <4 km) was found in both areas, regardless of the fluid-flow regime. It is characterized by lower than seawater Cl concentration, higher than seawater Li, Ca, Sr, and silica concentrations, non-radiogenic Sr isotopes and is slightly depleted in I8O. The upward-advecting fluid that transports thermogenic hydrocarbons mixes with the pore fluids altered by diagenesis. The extent of mixing between these fluids varies spatially. At the CO sector of the Cascadia Margin where confined fluid flow prevails, the frontal thrust at Site 891 is presently not acting as a significant, but only as a leaky, fluid conduit, in contrast to the landward-dipping fault at Site 892. Organic matter-fueled diagenesis dominates over the depth-range drilled. An inverse relationship between sedimentation rate and both total organic carbon content (TOC) and the sulfate reduction rate is characteristic of this convergent margin. An important result of the bacterial degradation of organic matter is a widespread formation of diagenetic carbonates. The upwardmigrating fluid that is enriched in Ca, dissolved inorganic carbonate, and thermogenic hydrocarbons most likely favors the formation of epigenetic carbonates. Although solid gas hydrate was not recovered at the depth of either of the prominent bottom-simulating reflectors (BSRs), their presence is inferred from geochemical (and geophysical) measurements. The geochemistry, particularly the coincidence between pore fluids that have very low Cl concentrations and very high methane concentrations at these depths, indicates that primarily a methane hydrate occupies at least 15% of the pore space above the BSR at the VI Site 889, and at least 10% of the pore space above the BSR at the CO Site 892. The solid gas hydrate recovered at ~2 to 19 mbsf, Site 892, is a mixed CH4-H2S hydrate of which up to 10% of the gas is H2S.
Diversity of small mammal communities across forest and prairie habitats in and near Itasca State Park, MN

: Mammal community dynamics are determined by local geography, climate, vegetation and other fauna. The state of mammal populations can also actively exert effects on the changing state of species interactions in terrestrial ecosystems (Tyliankis, et al., 2008) . Understanding mammal diversity is an important step towards realizing the complexity of ecosystem ecology as well as informing wildlife managers and conservationists. In this study, we examine twelve sites in and near Itasca State Park, Minnesota to analyze the richness and species composition of each. Expecting higher diversity among prairie (rather than forest) and burned (rather than unburned) sites, we used standard small mammal trapping techniques, to survey each site for three consecutive nights, then identified, marked and released all captured mammals. A higher number of small mammals were trapped in forest sites, but the prairie grids demonstrated greater total species richness. Species diversity is distributed differently across the two site types, but both habitats produced the same mean species diversity. Most species were unique to either forest or prairie habitat, but overlap did occur with two species known to inhabit various landscapes: Blarina brevicauda and Peromyscus spp. We conclude that habitat is a major determinant of small mammal populations in and around Itasca State Park, MN.
Factors associated with postpartum smoking relapse at early postpartum period of Japanese women in the Japan Environmental and Children’s Study

Background Postpartum smoking relapse is a serious public health concern. Previous studies have identified several risk factors for postpartum smoking relapse; however, very little is known about the predictors of early postpartum smoking relapse. This study aimed to determine postpartum smoking relapse status and its associated risk factors at 1 month postpartum among Japanese women. Methods Data were obtained from 93,851 mothers with live births in an ongoing birth cohort study, the Japan Environment and Children’s Study. Data on smoking status and confounding variables were collected using self-administered questionnaires and medical record transcripts. Self-administered questionnaires were administered during the first trimester, second/third trimester, and 1 month after delivery. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed. Results Among the 14,326 mothers who smoked during pregnancy, 10,917 (76.2%) quit smoking during pregnancy. Subsequently, 617 (5.7%) of the mothers who had quit relapsed smoking at 1 month postpartum. Maternal age (≤24, ≥35), maternal education (≤12 years), parity (≥Second), feeding method (Formula milk), partner smoking status during pregnancy (Smoker), number of cigarettes per day before the cessation of smoking (≥11), maternal alcohol consumption at 1-month postpartum (Drinker), postpartum depression (EPDS score ≥9), and spending time at the parents’ home after delivery (≥14 days) were associated with smoking relapse. Conclusions A certain number of mothers relapsed even 1 month postpartum. Besides mother's alcohol and smoking habit before pregnancy, breastfeeding and partner smoking are important factors in early postpartum smoking relapse in Japan.
Lipidome of the Brown Macroalga Undaria pinnatifida: Influence of Season and Endophytic Infection

An analysis of the lipidome of the brown alga Undaria pinnatifida (Laminariales) was performed’ more than 900 molecular species were identified in 12 polar lipids and 1 neutral lipid using HPLC/MS-MS. The seasonal changes of U. pinnatifida lipidome were determined. It was shown that acclimatization to winter and spring was accompanied by an increase in the unsaturation of both polar and neutral lipids. In autumn and summer, on the contrary, the contents of more saturated molecular species of all lipid classes increased. Based on the data obtained, a scheme for the polar and neutral lipid synthesis in brown algae was proposed. In addition, the influence of infection with the brown filamentous endophyte Laminariocolax aecidioides (Ectocarpales) on U. pinnatifida lipidome was studied. It was found that infection has the most noticeable effect on the molecular species composition of triacylglycerides, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylhydroxyethylglycine of the host macrophyte. In infected samples of algae, changes in the composition of triacylglycerides were revealed both in areas with the presence of an endophyte and in adjacent intact tissues, which may indicate the occurrence of a secondary infection.
Magnetometer array for cusp and cleft studies observations of the spatial extent of broadband ULF magnetic pulsations at cusp/cleft latitudes

We have used magnetometer data from 10 locations in Arctic Canada and Greenland, covering over 5 hours in magnetic local time at magnetic latitudes from 75° to 79°, to characterize the dayside patterns of enhanced long-period ULF (10- to 600-s period) wave power at cusp/cleft latitudes. We conclude the following: (1) In agreement with earlier single-station studies, we find that the most common wave type is broadband noise (Pi 1-2). Distinct Pc 3-4 activity and more sustained monochromatic Pc 5 activity are most apparent when this broadband noise is weak. (2) Multistation observations also make clear that strong, broadband Pi 1-2 signals are both temporally and spatially structured: Although their amplitude is somewhat larger near local noon and near nominal cusp latitudes, they often occur simultaneously (to within a few minutes) at all stations. They are thus not local signals, and cannot be interpreted as evidence of passage of an auroral region or boundary over an individual magnetic observatory. In particular, we have found no evidence for a distinctive “cusp” signature in broadband ULF waves in this frequency range. (3) The occurrence of strong broadband Pi 1-2 signals at these latitudes appears to be controlled largely by solar wind velocity. We found good correlations between the occurrence of strong Pi 1-2 signals and high solar wind velocity, and we also noted some dependence on the cone angle of the interplanetary magnetic field for moderate to low solar wind velocities. We speculate that there may be an additional dependence on enhanced levels of trapped plasma in regions topologically connected to the very high latitude dayside ionosphere, such as the entry layer, high-latitude dayside field minimum regions, or plasma mantle. Available satellite data on the level of trapped energetic electron fluxes at geosynchronous orbit showed that broadband power levels appeared to correlate with enhanced flux levels on the time scale of days, but not on shorter time scales, suggesting that any such dependence is not directly related to substorm injections.
Vector Filters and Implications for New Seismic Acquisition and Processing Techniques

Advances in seismic hardware have produced very high quality three-component digital receivers. In most applications these receivers are intended to be deployed as single point receivers. This overcomes some of the known issues with three-component arrays (Hoff and Margrave, 2002), and arrays in general, but exposes the data recorded in this fashion to coherent noises which arrays were originally designed to attenuate. The digital vector filter was designed to take the place of physical arrays. Leveraging the multi-component nature of the data, the digital vector filter can utilize information from different components to isolate and attenuate various types of noise. There have been several publications on the vector filter process, sometimes referred to as an adaptive filter (Widrow and Stearns, 1985, Farhang-Boroujeny, 1998). In this article we do not intend to revisit this material in the same way but we wish to expose some of the successes and limitations of the method experienced in our efforts to utilize this new processing technology in production. Theory and Application
The variability of Sq(H) on normal quiet days

Summary. In a previous paper (Butcher & Brown 1981) we discussed the occurrence of so-called ‘abnormal quiet days’(AQD), defined as magnetically quiet days when the time of the daily minimum in the horizontal component H at a mid-latitude station like Hartland occurred outside the ‘normal’ time range 0830-1330 LT. It was shown that for the period 1963–1965 an AQD was caused by the influence of a negative (southward) bay-like perturbation field lasting about 4 hr and having a small amplitude of about 6 nT. Examination of the effects at a number of northern hemisphere stations situated close to the 0° longitude meridian showed that such perturbations occur on both sides of the Sq focus, but it is only on the poleward side of the focus that they may cause an AQD by forming a minimum in H on a particular day deeper than the normal diurnal minimum caused by the Sq current. These perturbations can occur at any time, including, of course, the interval 0830—1330 LT when they may be expected to affect the amplitude and/or the phase of the normal Sq(H) variation. In this paper we consider these influences. The perturbations may be identified in the magnetograms of stations at adjacent longitudes, since they tend to occur at the same UT over a fairly wide geographical extent. For the 0° meridian chain it has been found that the events are particularly well defined at Meanook, 7° hr west of Greenwich. From the correlation between these events and parameters of the interplanetary magnetic field it is shown that they are of the same type as the perturbations associated with the occurrence of AQDs. It is suggested that (i) much of the reported variability of the latitude of the inferred Sq focus arises from the influence of these perturbations on the amplitude of the normal Sq(H) variation, which is oppositely directed on either side of the focus, and (ii) much of the apparent skewing of the equivalent Sq current systems arises from the influence of these perturbations on the phase of Sq(H), which will be asymmetrical on either side of the focus.
Mean circulation and hydrography in the Ross Sea sector, Southern Ocean: representation in numerical models

Abstract Three models were used to look at the Southern Ocean Ross Sea sector circulation and hydrography. Two were climate models of low (1°) to intermediate resolution (1/3°), and one was an operational high resolution (1/10°) ocean model. Despite model differences (including physics and forcing), mean and monthly variability aspects of off-shelf circulation are consistently represented, and could imply bathymetric constraints. Western and eastern cyclonic gyral systems separated by shallow bathymetry around 180°E redistributing water between the wider Southern Ocean and the Ross Sea are found. Some model seasonal gyral transports increase as the Antarctic Circumpolar Current transport decreases. Model flows at 900 m at the gyral eastern end compare favourably with float data. On-shelf model depth-averaged west–east flow is relatively consistent with that reconstructed from longline fishing records. These flows have components associated with isopycnal gradients in both light and dense waters. The climate models reproduce characteristic isopycnal layer inflections (‘V’s) associated with the observed Antarctic Slope Front and on-shelf deep water formation, and these models transport some 4 Sv of this bottom water northwards across the outer 1000 m shelf isobath. Overall flow complexity suggests care is needed to force regional Ross Sea models.
Inversion History of the West Natuna Basin: Examples from the Cumi-Cumi PSC

Abstract The early history of the West Natuna Basin is similar to that of many Sundaland basins, with Late Eocene to Early Oligocene extension creating a complex system of rift basins. From earliest Miocene times these basins were progressively inverted to form folds as a result of a right-lateral stress regime. Wrench zones also developed by reactivation of northwest-southeast orientated faults within the earlier rift system. The displacement across these faults is relatively small. For the example in the Cumi-Cumi PSC the displacement is of the order of 1 to 2 km. The inversion histories of graben within the Cumi-Cumi PSC are examined in detail to show how the inversion of the West Natuna Basin developed. Restored and balanced cross sections, generated using the GEOSEC modelling software from Cogniseis Development Inc., have been used to help determine the original rift geometry, quantify extension and shortening, and to forward model the inversion process. The magnitude of inversion depends on the initial size and orientation of the original half graben. The position of the graben within the basin may also be significant. Each graben has a unique inversion history within the overall framework of Miocene inversion.
Dynamique hivernale et hypolimnétique du CO₂ dans les lacs boréaux et tempérés

De nombreux lacs boreaux et temperes sont maintenant reconnus comme d'importants sites de stockage et d'emissions de carbone, d'ou l'interet grandissant de determiner leur role a plus grande echelle et d'inclure leur contribution dans les bilans de carbone regionaux. Les lacs temperes et boreaux de l'hemisphere nord ont souvent deux composantes saisonnieres distinctes, soit la periode du couvert de glace et la stratification thermique estivale. Dans la litterature, les mesures de CO2 sont traditionnellement effectuees a la surface des lacs pendant la periode libre de glace. Pourtant certaines etudes suggerent qu'une quantite importante de CO2 s'accumule sous la glace et dans l'hypolimnion, c'est-a-dire dans la couche inferieure de la colonne d'eau lors de la periode de stratification estivale. Dans la presente etude, nous avons quantifie l'accumulation de CO2 pendant la periode du couvert de glace et dans 1'hypolimnion estival de 13 lacs boreaux et de 4 lacs temperes du Quebec et nous avons explore comment ces accumulations varient dans un gradient de morphometries, de statuts trophiques et de caracteristiques regionales. En deuxieme lieu, nous avons etudie la dynamique des processus sous-jacents a l'accumulation de CO2 pendant la periode du couvert de glace et dans l'hypolimnion estival, plus specifiquement l'importance des processus biotiques, la partition entre la respiration pelagique et benthique, les differentes sources de matiere organique supportant la respiration et les coefficients respiratoires a l'echelle de l'ecosysteme. Nos resultats demontrent que les lacs couverts de glace et l'hypolimnion estival sont des lieus d'accumulation significative de CO2 puisque considerees ensemble, ces periodes contribuent en moyenne a 33% des emissions annuelles nettes de CO2 et cette proportion varie selon le statut trophique du lac et la morphometrie. Plusieurs indices recueillis suggerent que la respiration est la source principale de CO2 pendant ces deux periodes et que la respiration benthique contribue de facon considerable a la production de CO2, particulierement pendant la periode du couvert de glace ou la respiration benthique est responsable de plus de 50% de l'accumulation totale de CO2. L'importance relative des sources de matiere organique qui alimentent la respiration changent saisonnierement. Les analyses isotopiques en δ13C (methode de Keeling) ont revelees l'importance du carbone organique d'origine planctonique pour alimenter la respiration dans l'hypolimnion alors que les signatures en δ13C pendant la periode du couvert de glace suggerent une augmentation de l'importance relative de sources terrestres et benthiques. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLES DE L’AUTEUR : Cycle du carbone, emissions de CO2, metabolisme du lac, couvert de glace, hypolimnion, respiration pelagique, respiration benthique, sources de matiere organique respiree, coefficient respiratoire.
Grain Size Effects on UV–MIR (0.2–14 μm) Spectra of Carbonaceous Chondrite Groups

Carbonaceous chondrites are among the most important meteorite types and have played a vital role in deciphering the origin and evolution of our solar system. They have been linked to low-albedo C-type asteroids, but due to subdued absorption bands, definitive asteroid–meteorite linkages remain elusive. A majority of these existing linkages rely on fine-grained (typically < 45 μm) powders across a limited wavelength range in the visible to near-infrared (0.35–2.5 μm). While this is useful in interpreting the fine-grained regolith of larger main-belt objects like Ceres, recent spacecraft missions to smaller near-Earth asteroids (NEAs), such as Bennu and Ryugu, have shown that their surfaces are dominated by larger grain size material. To better interpret the surfaces of these smaller, carbonaceous NEAs, we obtained laboratory reflectance spectra of seven carbonaceous chondrite meteorite groups (CI, CM, CO, CV, CR, CK, C2-ungrouped) over the ultraviolet to mid-infrared range (0.2–14 μm). Each meteorite contained five grain size bins (45–1000 μm) to help constrain spectral grain size effects. We find a correlation between grain size and absolute reflectance, spectral slope, band depth, and the Christiansen feature band center. Principal component analysis of grain size variation illustrates a similar trend to lunar-style space weathering. We also show that the Bus–DeMeo asteroid taxonomic classification of our samples is affected by grain size, specifically shifting CM2 Aguas Zarcas from a Ch-type to B-type with increasing grain size. This has implications for the parent body of the OSIRIS-REx target, Bennu. With Aguas Zarcas, we present results from Hapke modeling.
Végétation tardiglaciaire et postglaciaire au sud-est du parc des Laurentides, Québec

L’analyse pollinique des sediments de trois lacs situes au sud-est du parc des Laurentides a permis de retracer les etapes de la recolonisation vegetale post-wisconsinienne. Celle-ci s’est effectuee selon un schema assez constant a travers le secteur a l’etude. Au debut, la vegetation etait tres ouverte, mais tout de meme relativement riche en taxons herbaces et arbustifs. Cette phase initiale de vegetation (sous-zone la) fut suivie, apres une periode de transition (sous-zone 1b), par une vegetation luxuriante de type toundra (sous-zone 1c). Celle-ci fut a son tour remplacee par une vegetation de type toundra arbustive (sous-zone 1d) ou l’on voit s’accroitre l’importance de Betula glandulosa et d’autres elements arbustifs. Avec un certain metachronisme entre les sites, l’afforestation s’est amorcee par l’installation du Populus cf. tremuloides (sous-zone 2a) et s’est poursuivie par l’arrivee de Picea mariana (fin de la sous-zone 2a) puis, par celle d’une serie d’arbres tels Betula papyrifera, Pinus cf. divaricata, Abies balsamea, Picea glauca et Larix laricina (sous-zone 2b). Pendant cette derniere phase de l’afforestation, l’abondance du pollen d’Alnus cf. crispa dans les spectres est maximale. Il semble qu’au moins mille ans se soient ecoules avant l’arrivee des arbres autres que le Populus cf. tremuloides. Par la suite, l’histoire de la vegetation forestiere (zone 3) a ete plutot monotone. Bien que les diagrammes revelent des periodes de plus grande abondance de certains taxons (Pinus strobus, Picea mariana, Pinus et. divaricata), la majorite des arbres, presents actuellement dans la region, ont migre tres tot a l’Holocene.
ADV Measurements of Turbulence: Can We Improve Their Interpretation?

A simple technique to reduce the Doppler noise influence on measurements of turbulence using the Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV) is developed, and basic relationships to estimate turbulence characteristics using information about the Doppler noise are derived. The procedure involves, firstly, measurement of instantaneous velocities in the flow under consideration; secondly, measurement of the Doppler noise components in still water taken from the flow investigated (with the same velocity range setting that was used in turbulence measurements); and thirdly, estimation of turbulence characteristics using both sets of measurements and relationships developed in the paper. The technique was tested for three typical environments (water storage basin with silty water, laboratory flume with water containing seeding material of neutrally buoyant hollow glass spheres with a mean size around 8–10 μm, and outdoor flume with natural water containing air bubbles and organic particles). It was shown that the Doppler.
MIR system for mobile information retrieval by image querying

Summary This paper presents a new mobile service called MIR (Multimedia Information Request). The proposed approach relies on VAS (Add value service) technology of the mobile network (MMS, SMS and WAP) and content based image retrieval techniques. The aim of this service is to facilitate the search of historical monuments information and architectural heritage of Morocco. Photos taken by user mobile phone are sent by MMS to a server. After the geographic location stage the server analysis and measures their similarities and compares them with prestored images. In order to visualise results information, we have proposed two options: the first consists of a detailed message SMS about the monument described in the request image. The second is concerned with a WAP portal in order to display detailed results to each similar image. The last technique allows users to browse and extend their research. An implemented prototype system has demonstrated a promising retrieval performance for a test database containing more than 3000 color images.