Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tourist Perception & Their Revisit Intention at Major Holy
Places of Himachal Pradesh

Tourism is an important aspect of Himachal Pradesh tourism and importance of religious tourism cannot be ignored for the state of Himachal Pradesh. State is having various tourist destination places with religious importance’s; hence it is utmost important that all the tourist visiting these places should be given proper attention otherwise it would result in shortfall of tourist statistics. Proper attention of these tourist would develop positive feedback which can help in repeat visit of tourist and their revisit intention.
Evaluating Statewide NAIP Photogrammetric Point Clouds for Operational Improvement of National Forest Inventory Estimates in Mixed Hardwood Forests of the Southeastern U.S

The U.S. Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program is tasked with making and reporting estimates of various forest attributes using a design-based network of permanent sampling plots. To make its estimates more precise, FIA uses a technique known as post-stratification to group plots into more homogenous classes, which helps lower variance when deriving population means. Currently FIA uses a nationally available map of tree canopy cover for post-stratification, which tends to work well for forest area estimates but less so for structural attributes like volume. Here we explore the use of new statewide digital aerial photogrammetric (DAP) point clouds developed from stereo imagery collected by the National Agricultural Imagery Program (NAIP) to improve these estimates in the southeastern mixed hardwood forests of Tennessee and Virginia, United States (U.S.). Our objectives are to 1. evaluate the relative quality of NAIP DAP point clouds using airborne LiDAR and FIA tree height measurements, and 2. assess the ability of NAIP digital height models (DHMs) to improve operational forest inventory estimates above the gains already achieved from FIA’s current post-stratification approach. Our results show the NAIP point clouds were moderately to strongly correlated with FIA field measured maximum tree heights (average Pearson’s r = 0.74) with a slight negative bias (−1.56 m) and an RMSE error of ~4.0 m. The NAIP point cloud heights were also more accurate for softwoods (R2s = 0.60–0.79) than hardwoods (R2s = 0.33–0.50) with an error structure that was consistent across multiple years of FIA measurements. Several factors served to degrade the relationship between the NAIP point clouds and FIA data, including a lack of 3D points in areas of advanced hardwood senescence, spurious height values in deep shadows and imprecision of FIA plot locations (which were estimated to be off the true locations by +/− 8 m). Using NAIP strata maps for post-stratification yielded forest volume estimates that were 31% more precise on average than estimates stratified with tree canopy cover data. Combining NAIP DHMs with forest type information from national map products helped improve stratification performance, especially for softwoods. The monetary value of using NAIP height maps to post-stratify FIA survey unit total volume estimates was USD 1.8 million vs. the costs of installing more field plots to achieve similar precision gains. Overall, our results show the benefit and growing feasibility of using NAIP point clouds to improve FIA’s operational forest inventory estimates.
A fast parallel decoding algorithm for general one-point AG codes with a systolic array architecture

We propose a fast parallel decoding algorithm for general one-point algebraic geometric (1-pt AG) codes with a systolic array architecture (SAA). This algorithm is able to correct up to half the Feng-Rao (see IEEE Trans. IT, vo1.39, no.1, p.37-45, 1993) bound and the time complexity is O(n) by using a series of O(n) processors where n is the code length and each processor is composed of /spl tau/ cells for the smallest non-zero and non-gap value /spl tau/.
The Analysis of Inequality in the Bretton Woods Institutions

This paper assesses the evolution of thinking, analysis, and discourse about inequality in the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund since their inception in 1944, on the basis of bibliometric analysis, a reading of the literature, and personal experience. Whereas the Fund was largely unconcerned with economic inequality until the 2000s but has shown a rapidly growing interest since then, the Bank’s approach has been characterized by ebbs and flows, with five different phases being apparent. The degree of interest in inequality in the two institutions appears to be determined largely by the prevailing intellectual profile of the topic in academic research, particularly in economics, and by ideological shifts in major shareholder countries, propagated downward internally by senior management. Data availability, albeit partly endogenous, also plays a role. Looking ahead, Bank and Fund researchers continue to have an important role to play, despite a much more crowded field in inequality research. I suggest that this role involves holding firm to an emphasis on inequality “at the bottom” and highlight four themes that may deserve special attention.
Technologies for the Introduction of Digitalized Cultural Heritage to Visually Impaired People

This paper presents the place of technologies and digitalization for the creation of an opportunity for visual impaired people to become acquainted with the cultural heritage not only as text and as sound but also images. A concept for hardware realization of graphic tactile display is outlined based on a technology using tactile actuators bi-stable, solenoids and PIC based control board. The selected algorithm for series activation of each row of display allows using minimal number of active components to set and reset the solenoids and make possible the representation of an image, described additionally through text to sound readings of an object description.
Bulk gauge and matter fields in multiply-warped world

The lack of evidence for a TeV-mass graviton has been construed as constricting the RandallSundrum model. However, a doubly-warped generalization naturally avoids such restrictions. We develop, here, the formalism for extension of the Standard Model gauge bosons and fermions into such a six-dimensional bulk. Apart from ameliorating the usual problems such as flavour-changing neutral currents, this model admits two very distinct phases, with their own unique phenomenologies.
A Common Generalization of Dirac's two Theorems

Let $G$ be a 2-connected graph of order $n$ and let $c$ be the circumference - the order of a longest cycle in $G$. In this paper we present a sharp lower bound for the circumference based on minimum degree $\delta$ and $p$ - the order of a longest path in $G$. This is a common generalization of two earlier classical results for 2-connected graphs due to Dirac: (i) $c\ge \min\{n,2\delta\}$; and (ii) $c\ge\sqrt{2p}$. Moreover, the result is stronger than (ii).
Stereo Algorithm with Reaction-Diffusion Equations

Three-dimensional depth reconstruction from a pair of stereo images needs to find reliable stereo correspondence between left and right images. Stereo disparity refers to difference of positions between two corresponding points on the stereo images. Although there are many possibilities in finding the stereo correspondence, the human vision system successfully reconstructs three-dimensional depth distribution with binocular vision. Thus, we can expect that solving the stereo correspondence problem brings a key mechanism to understand the human vision system. The human vision system can solve the stereo correspondence problem from random-dot stereograms, which refer to a pair of stereo images consisting of only a randomly dotted pattern. Julesz demonstrated that the randomly dotted pattern is enough for the human vision system to solve the stereo correspondence problem (Julesz, 1960). When the human vision system is exposed to random-dot stereograms, it perceives three-dimensional structure emerging spontaneously. This implies that the human vision system has a module being able to detect stereo disparity from only a randomly dotted pattern and not requiring key information such as edges and feature points, which generally appear in natural scenes. Several researchers presented stereo algorithms to solve the stereo correspondence problem from random-dot stereograms in the early period of computer vision research. In particular, Marr and Poggio presented a representative stereo algorithm named the cooperative algorithm (Marr & Poggio, 1976). Their motivation to approach the stereo correspondence problem exists in the biological aspect of the human vision system; their algorithm consists of multi-layered cell networks. Their most important proposal to the stereo algorithm is the two famous constraints: continuity and uniqueness. The authors have been approaching several subjects in image processing and computer vision research, by utilizing reaction-diffusion equations as a biologically motivated tool (Nomura et al., 2007). We call the group of algorithms utilizing reaction-diffusion equations the reaction-diffusion algorithm. The previous research done by the authors presented several algorithms for edge detection, segmentation (grouping) and stereo disparity detection by utilizing the FitzHugh-Nagumo type reaction-diffusion equations. This chapter presents a stereo algorithm utilizing multi-sets of the FitzHugh-Nagumo type reaction-diffusion equations. We associate each set of the equations with each of possible disparity levels; a particular grid point of the set represents existence or non-existence of its associated disparity level. The filling-in process originally built in the reaction-diffusion O pe n A cc es s D at ab as e w w w . ite ch on lin e. co m
On the impossibility of advection dominated accretion

Using only the assumption that all interactions between particles in an accretion flow are electromagnetically mediated, it is shown that the time to establish equipartition between ions and electrons is shorter than the characteristic accretion time. Consequently, two-temperature fits to the spectra of accreting objects are unphysical, and models in which significant thermal energy is carried across the event horizon are effectively ruled out.
Improved Visual SLAM Using Semantic Segmentation and Layout Estimation

The technological advances in computational systems have enabled very complex computer vision and machine learning approaches to perform efficiently and accurately. These new approaches can be considered a new set of tools to reshape the visual SLAM solutions. We present an investigation of the latest neuroscientific research that explains how the human brain can accurately navigate and map unknown environments. The accuracy suggests that human navigation is not affected by traditional visual odometry drifts resulting from tracking visual features. It utilises the geometrical structures of the surrounding objects within the navigated space. The identified objects and space geometrical shapes anchor the estimated space representation and mitigate the overall drift. Inspired by the human brain’s navigation techniques, this paper presents our efforts to incorporate two machine learning techniques into a VSLAM solution: semantic segmentation and layout estimation to imitate human abilities to map new environments. The proposed system benefits from the geometrical relations between the corner points of the cuboid environments to improve the accuracy of trajectory estimation. Moreover, the implemented SLAM solution semantically groups the map points and then tracks each group independently to limit the system drift. The implemented solution yielded higher trajectory accuracy and immunity to large pure rotations.
Arithmetic of Blowup Algebras

1. Krull dimension 2. Syzygetic sequences 3. Approximation complexes 4. Linkage and Koszul homology 5. Arithmetic of Rees algebras 6. Factoriality 7. Ideal transforms 8. The equations of Rees algebras 9. Commuting varieties of algebras 10. Computational methods in commutative algebra.
The Advent of Survey Experiments in Politics and International Relations

Abstract Intended to combine the best of two worlds – the ability to estimate causal effects and to generalize to a wider population – survey experiments are increasingly used as a method of data collection in politics and international relations. This article examines their popularity over the past decades in social science research, discusses the core logic of survey experiments, and reviews the method against the principles of the total survey error paradigm.
Numerical methods for 3D magneto-rotational core-collapse supernova simulation with jet formation

The work presented in this thesis is devoted to the development of a numerical model for the three dimensional simulation of magneto-rotational core-collapse supernovae (MHD-CCSNe) with jet formation. The numerical model then suggests that MHD-CCSNe naturally provide a possible site for the strong rapid neutron capture process in agreement with observations of the early Galactic chemical evolution. In the first part of this thesis, we develop several numerical methods and describe thoroughly their efficient implementations on current high-performance computer architectures. We develop a fast and simple computer code \texttt{FISH} that solves the equations of magnetohydrodynamics. The code is parallelized with an optimal combination of shared and distributed memory paradigms and scales to several thousands processes on high-performance computer clusters. We develop a novel well-balanced numerical scheme for the Euler equations with gravitational source terms to preserve a discrete hydrostatic equilibrium exactly. Being able to accurately represent hydrostatic equilibria is of particular interest for the simulation of CCSN, because a large part of the newly forming neutron star evolves in a quasi-hydrostatic manner. We include an approximate and computationally efficient treatment of neutrino physics in the form of a spectral leakage scheme. It enables us to capture approximately the most important neutrino cooling effects, which are responsible for the shock stall and for the neutronisation of matter behind the shock. The latter is crucial for the nucleosynthesis yields. To fit into our multidimensional MHD-CCSN model, the spectral leakage scheme is implemented in a ray-by-ray approach. In the second part of this thesis, we apply our three-dimensional numerical model to the study of the MHD-CCSN explosion mechanism. We investigate a series of models with poloidal magnetic field and varying initial angular momentum distribution through the collapse, bounce and jet formation phase. For all computed models, we investigate the process of magnetic field amplification, angular momentum redisribution and the formation and driving mechanism of the bipolar outflow. In a representative model we follow the jet for a longer time and larger distance. We find that the bipolar outflow features a significant amount of very neutron rich matter and is therefore a promising site for the rapid neutron capture process (r-process). The computations show that under the prevailing conditions in the bipolarly ejected matter the global solar r-process pattern could be reproduced. The computed amount of ejected matter and pecularity of the progenitor (featuring large enough rotation and magnetic fields to induce MHD-CCSN explosion mechanism) indicates that only a fraction (perhaps 0.1 - 1\%) of CCSN explode with the MHD mechanism. This is also in agreement with the observed large star-to-star scatter of r-process element abundances in very old halo stars indicating the scarcity of these events in the early Galactic chemical evolution.
Efficacy of Vitamin C Supplementation on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background In recent years, the pleiotropic roles of antioxidants have drawn extensive attention in various diseases. Vitamin C is a well-known antioxidant, and it has been used to treat patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to demonstrate the impact of vitamin C supplementation in patients with COPD. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), SinoMed, Wanfang, and China Science and Technology Journal Database (cqvip.com) for eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from their respective inception to May 18th, 2021, by using the searching terms of COPD, vitamin C, and RCTs. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the effects of vitamin C on lung function, antioxidant levels, and nutritional conditions in COPD patients by using Review Manager (Version 5.4). Results Ten RCTs including 487 participants were eligible for our study. Meta-analysis results showed that vitamin C supplementation (≥400 mg/day) can significantly improve the forced expiratory volume in one second as a percentage (FEV1%) in COPD (SMD:1.08, 95% CI:0.03, 2.12, P=0.04). Moreover, vitamin C supplementation significantly improved the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second and forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) (WMD:0.66, 95% CI: 0.26, 1.06, P=0.001), vitamin C level in serum (SMD:0.63, 95% CI: 0.02, 1.24, P=0.04) and glutathione (GSH) level in serum (SMD:2.47, 95% CI: 1.06, 3.89, P=0.0006). While no statistically significant difference was observed in body mass index (BMI), fat-free mass index (FFMI), vitamin E level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) level in serum. Conclusion Vitamin C supplementation could increase the levels of antioxidation in serum (vitamin C and GSH) and improve lung function (FEV1% and FEV1/FVC), especially in patients treated with vitamin C supplementation greater than 400 mg/day. However, further prospective studies are needed to explore the role of vitamin C in improving nutritional status.
Bipolar Fuzzy Sublattices and Ideals

In this article, we introduce and study the theory of bipolar fuzzy sublattices (BFLs) and bipolar fuzzy ideals (BFIs) of a lattice, and some interesting properties of these BFLs and BFIs are established. Moreover, we study the properties of BFIs under lattice homomorphisms and also an application of BFLs.
Complex plant quality—microbiota–population interactions modulate the response of a specialist herbivore to the defence of its host plant

Abstract Many specialist herbivores have evolved strategies to cope with plant defences, with gut microbiota potentially participating to such adaptations. In this study, we assessed whether the history of plant use (population origin) and microbiota may interact with plant defence adaptation. We tested whether microbiota enhance the performance of Melitaea cinxia larvae on their host plant, Plantago lanceolata and increase their ability to cope the defensive compounds, iridoid glycosides (IGs). The gut microbiota were significantly affected by both larval population origin and host plant IG level. Contrary to our prediction, impoverishing the microbiota with antibiotic treatment did not reduce larval performance. As expected for this specialized insect herbivore, sequestration of one of IGs was higher in larvae fed with plants producing higher concentration of IGs. These larvae also showed metabolic signature of intoxication (i.e. decrease in Lysine levels). However, intoxication on highly defended plants was only observed when larvae with a history of poorly defended plants were simultaneously treated with antibiotics. Our results suggest that both adaptation and microbiota contribute to the metabolic response of herbivores to plant defence though complex interactions. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Birth Weight and Early Postnatal Outcomes: Association with the Cord Blood Lipidome

Being born small or large for gestational age (SGA and LGA, respectively), combined with suboptimal early postnatal outcomes, can entail future metabolic alterations. The exact mechanisms underlying such risks are not fully understood. Lipids are a highly diverse class of molecules that perform multiple structural and metabolic functions. Dysregulation of lipid metabolism underlies the onset and progression of many disorders leading to pathological states. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the relationships between birth weight, early postnatal outcomes, and cord blood serum lipidomes. We performed a non-targeted lipidomics-based approach to ascertain differences in cord blood lipid species among SGA, LGA, and appropriate-for-GA (AGA) newborns. Moreover, we longitudinally assessed (at birth and at ages of 4 and 12 months) weight and length, body composition (DXA), and clinical parameters. We disclosed distinct cord blood lipidome patterns in SGA, LGA, and AGA newborns; target lipid species distinctly modulated in each SGA, AGA, and LGA individual were associated with parameters related to growth and glucose homeostasis. The distinct lipidome patterns observed in SGA, AGA, and LGA newborns may play a role in adipose tissue remodeling and future metabolic risks. Maternal dietary interventions may potentially provide long-term benefits for the metabolic health of the offspring.
Review of Ethanol Intoxication Sensing Technologies and Techniques

The field of alcohol intoxication sensing is over 100 years old, spanning the fields of medicine, chemistry, and computer science, aiming to produce the most effective and accurate methods of quantifying intoxication levels. This review presents the development and the current state of alcohol intoxication quantifying devices and techniques, separated into six major categories: estimates, breath alcohol devices, bodily fluid testing, transdermal sensors, mathematical algorithms, and optical techniques. Each of these categories was researched by analyzing their respective performances and drawbacks. We found that the major developments in monitoring ethanol intoxication levels aim at noninvasive transdermal/optical methods for personal monitoring. Many of the “categories” of ethanol intoxication systems overlap with each other with to a varying extent, hence the division of categories is based only on the principal operation of the techniques described in this review. In summary, the gold-standard method for measuring blood ethanol levels is through gas chromatography. Early estimation methods based on mathematical equations are largely popular in forensic fields. Breath alcohol devices are the most common type of alcohol sensors on the market and are generally implemented in law enforcement. Transdermal sensors vary largely in their sensing methodologies, but they mostly follow the principle of electrical sensing or enzymatic reaction rate. Optical devices and methodologies perform well, with some cases outperforming breath alcohol devices in terms of the precision of measurement. Other estimation algorithms consider multimodal approaches and should not be considered alcohol sensing devices, but rather as prospective measurement of the intoxication influence. This review found 38 unique technologies and techniques for measuring alcohol intoxication, which is testament to the acute interest in the innovation of noninvasive technologies for assessing intoxication.