Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In-Vehicle Network Intrusion Detection Using DNN with ReLU Activation Function

With the growing connectivity both within and between vehicles, there is an increasing focus on safety and security measures. Automotive systems rely on different serial protocols like Controller Area Network (CAN), Local Interconnect Network (LIN), and FlexRay. Among these, CAN bus is the predominant in-vehicle network protocol used for transmitting vehicle parameters among Electronic Control Units (ECUs). Unfortunately, the CAN protocol lacks inherent security mechanisms, rendering it susceptible to various types of attacks. Moreover, the expanded connectivity of vehicles has not only made the CAN bus vulnerable from within the vehicle but also from external sources.In this paper, we propose an intrusion detection system (IDS) based on Deep Neural Networks. The proposed system uses Rectified Linear Units (ReLU) as activation function, which avoid saturation and allow for better gradient flow in deep neural networks. The experimental investigation demonstrates that the proposed system gave superior results to existing algorithms.
Cytomegalovirus

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a major cause of morbidity in patients undergoing solid organ transplantation. CMV is widely distributed in the general population with seroprevalence rates ranging from 30 to 97% (1). After primary infection, CMV establishes life-long latency with multiple cell types having been shown to harbor the CMV genome. CMV infection primarily occurs in the first 3 months following transplant, but can be delayed in patients receiving CMV prophylaxis CMV infection can be defined as evidence of CMV replication regardless of symptoms. CMV disease generally refers to evidence of CMV infection with attributable symptoms. CMV disease can be further categorized as a‘viral syndrome’ with fever and malaise, ±leukopenia, thrombocytopenia or as tissue invasive disease (e.g. pneumonitis, hepatitis, retinitis, gastrointestinal disease). CMV has a predilection to invade the allograft likely in part due to an aberrant immune response within the allograft (1). In the absence of antiviral prophylaxis, the risk of symptomatic disease occurring is highest in heart-lung recipients (39%) and lowest in kidney transplant recipients (8%) (1).
Evaluation of 10 Popular Very Young Learner Videos on YouTube

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of 10 popular very young learner (VYL) videos on YouTube. The purpose of the study was to investigate the suitability of these videos for children aged 2-6 years in terms of their educational content, visual and auditory quality, and engagement value. Content analysis was used to analyze the videos. A total of 2 raters were conducted content analysis for the study. They were asked to rate each video on a rubric. The study concludes that careful consideration must be given when selecting videos for VYLs, as their effectiveness depends on several factors, such as age appropriateness, educational content, and visual and auditory quality. The results show that most YouTuber videos used multimedia learning principles effectively in their videos, with varying degrees of success.
Mineralogical and heavy metal signature of acid mine drainage impacted paddy soil from the western part of the Kočani field (Macedonia)

The mineralogy and heavy metal contamination of the paddy soil from the western part of the Kocani field (Eastern Macedonia) due to irrigation of acid mine drainage affected riverine water from the river Zletovska were studied. Highly elevated concentrations of Pb, Zn, As and Cd and a pollution index (PI) in the range between 2 and 7 were found in all the investigated paddy soil samples in the vicinity of the river Zletovska. The main carrier phases of the several trace elements in the studied soil seem to be Fe and Mn oxides/hydroxides. Heavy metals such as Pb and/or Cu were also bound to secondary minerals like anglesite, lanarkite, clinoclase and chrysocolla. All these minerals were detected by XRD analysis. The measured total metal concentrations exceed various national and international thresholds, thus suggesting the need for further investigation and an assessment of the suitability of the paddy soil in the western part of the Kocani field for agricultural use.
DU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 1-1-2013 Evaluation of Novel High-Density EMG Feedback Parameters on the Spatial Distribution of Trapezius Muscle Activity

Each year, 17.9% of adults working in a computer-dominated work environment develop an episode of chronic neck and shoulder pain. An effective treatment method for chronic pain is postural correction through therapist. The understanding of the relation between cervicoscapular posture and trapezius muscle activity is not fully understood because the anatomy of the scapula is not accessible for direct observation. Until recently, the spatial distribution of trapezius muscle activity could not be measured due to the limitation in size of detection zone in traditional bipolar electrodes. The primary goal of postural correction when treating cases of chronic neck and shoulder pain is to shift the distribution of trapezius muscle activity inferior. However, treatment methods of chronic musculoskeletal diseases are often inefficient due to the inability of the participant to permanently alter posture and activation patterns. The first goal of this project was to determine the relation between cervicoscapular posture and the distribution of trapezius muscle activity. To accomplish this, cervicoscapular posture and trapezius muscle activity were recorded while participants adopted three unique shoulder postures. Because scapular position cannot be measured ex vivo, the position of the acromion process relative to C7 was used as a surrogate.
International Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Research

Community cereal banking is one possible strategy to help farming communities buffer production and prices shocks, as well as seasonal variations in their access to food. Based on a Randomised Control Trial (the Community Driven Development Project) in The Gambia, we use Propensity Score Matching (PSM) to analyse the determinants of the communities’ choice of cereal banking as development project and assess the treatment effect on food and nutrition security outcomes. We find that cereal banking substantially reduces inter-seasonal food price variability at the community level, improves households’ food and nutrition security, but has less impact on their wealth accumulation.
A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:We performed ameta-analysis to determine whether a consistent relationship exists between the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and the risk of lung cancer. Accordingly, we summarized and reviewed previously published quantitative studies. Methods: Eligible studies with reference lists published before June 1st, 2019 were obtained from searching several databases. Random effects’ models were used to summarize the overall estimate of the multivariate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) Results: Thirteen observational studies involving 458,686 ACEI users were included in the analysis, Overall, pooled risk ratios indicate that ACEIs use was not a risk factor for lung cancer (RR 0.982, 95% C.I. 0.873 – 1.104; P= .76). There was significant heterogeneity between the studies (Q=52.54; P< .001; I2=86.07). There was no significant association between ACEIs use and lung cancer in studies with over five years of ACEIs exposure (RR 0.95, 95% C.I. 0.75 – 1.20; P= .70); and 5years of exposure to ACEIs (RR 0.98, 95% C.I. 0.83 – 1.15; P= .77). There were no statistically significant differences in the pooled risk ratio obtained according to the study design (Q=0.65; P= .723) and the comparator regimen (Q=3.37; P= .19). Conclusions: The use of ACEIs was not associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. Nevertheless, well-designed observational studies with different ethnic populations are still needed to evaluate the long-term (over 10years) association between ACEIs use and lung cancer. Abbreviations: ACE= Angiotensin Converting Enzyme, ACEI = Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor, CIs = 95%Confidence Intervals, HR = Hazard Ratio, MOOSE = Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guideline, NOS = Newcastle– Ottawa Scale, OR=Odds Ratio, PRISMA= Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews andMeta-Analysis framework, RAS= Renin-Angiotensin System, RR = Risk Ratio.
Preparation and in vitro characterization of curcumin loaded Chitosan-Hyaluronic acid polyelectrolyte complex based hydrogels

Abstract Objective The manuscript aims to prepare and comprehensively characterize curcumin-loaded chitosan-hyaluronic acid polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) hydrogels through in vitro assessments. By elucidating the formulation process, physicochemical attributes, and drug release kinetics, the study contributes to the producing of curcumin loaded new drug delivery system. Significance This approach shows the unique synergy of the chosen polymers with curcumin. The meticulous in vitro analysis of the hydrogels cements their novel attributes, underlining their potential as efficacious and biocompatible curcumin carriers. Methods To configure the optimum formulation variables, viscosity, swelling ratio, porosity, in vitro release, cell viability, and migration rate were determined. In addition, FTIR and SEM analyses were also carried out to define the characteristic of formulations. Results Release kinetic determination is essential in estimating the release behavior of formulation in the body. All formulations showed Higuchi release kinetics, indicating that drug release from the semi-solid matrix was diffusion controlled. Conclusion As a result, in this study, a new formulation was produced based on a simple concept with acceptable quality parameter results promising to be conducted in the industry. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Seismic velocities of fractured carbonate rocks (southern Apennines, Italy)

SUMMARY A study of the effect of fractures on seismic velocities has been carried out through a comparative study in the field and the laboratory. P- and S-wave velocities were obtained from surface and borehole seismic measurements and, in the laboratory, ultrasonic velocities were measured on intact and artificially fractured specimens of carbonate rocks from the Miranda area (southern Apennine chain, Italy). Calcareous and calcareous-chert sequences are present in the area, with a discontinuity spacing from very close to very wide. Essentially dry rocks have been tested. A correspondence was found between visible rock fracturing and compressional wave velocities from surface seismic measurements. The downhole velocities were lower than the corresponding ultrasonic velocities on core specimens and increased with depth. Specimens were then cut to simulate field discontinuities, and loaded to study the influence of vertical pressure on the seismic velocities. Laboratory and field velocities were finally compared as functions of vertical pressure. It turns out that fractures reduce and vertical pressure increases velocities. Since the rock quality designation (RQD) indices were generally very low, the increasing seismic velocities with depths in poor quality rocks can be explained in terms of better contact between fracture surfaces.
Do Fictive Sexual Orientations Induce In-Group Bias in Emotion Recognition?

Deep learning techniques can now recognize sexual orientation from faces pictures more accurately than humans (70% vs. 60%). This advance in artificial intelligence can be problematic due to its lack of accuracy and the natural in-group bias of humans. More visible social characteristics (race, age, or gender) are known to induce such biases especially when it comes to emotion recognition. However, it is unknown whether the same would occur with less perceptible characteristics such as sexual orientation. In the present study, we investigated the effect of fictive sexual orientations on emotional face recognition. In our first experiment, we found no in-group bias when target pictures were randomly associated with fictive sexual orientations. In a second experiment, we observed that faces pre-evaluated as homosexual were recognized faster than heterosexual faces, but only when paired with an incongruent fictive sexual orientation. While it remains uncertain what factors guided participants' responses, our results highlight several limitations to further understand how AI and humans judge persons' characteristics from faces, as well as the potential biases that may result.
Diagnosis Neuro-Oncology Diseases via Artificial Intelligence and Multi-Sequence MRI Methods

The study of brain tumor structure and its type-dependent variations is one of the most important research areas in which medical imaging techniques are used. The structural and statistical analysis of these lesions raises various related problems and projects, such as the detection of the neuro oncology diseases, the shape and the segmentation of specific sub-regions (i.e. necrotic part, (non-)enhanced part, edema), the classification of the tumor occurrence and the subsequent treatment up-prognosis. Almost all of these problems are usually solved numerically, particularly with the tendency to use methods related to artificial intelligence (AI), often including deep learning (DL) networks. One of the most complicated, least researched and challenging tasks in this field is the classification of tumor types. This difficulty can be explained by several reasons, the most important of which is the severe limitation of existing open-source datasets that contain clinically confirmed tumor type designations based on radiological examination protocols. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most common method for screening, primary detection and non-invasive diagnosis of brain diseases, as well as a source of recommendations for further treatment and observation. In this paper, we extend the previous research works on the robust multi-sequences segmentation and classification methods which allows to consider all available information from MRI scans by the composition of TI, TIC, T2 and T2-FLAIR sequences. It is based on the clinical radiology hypothesis and presents an efficient approach to combining and matching 3D methods to search for areas of comprised the GD-enhancing tumor in order to significantly improve the model's performance of the particular applied numerical problem of brain tumor classification and metastasis segmentation. All investigations performed and results presented are based on the private Siberian brain tumor dataset, including labeled volumetric MRI scans describing a wide variety of tumors and associated clinically relevant ground truth (GT) information.
The effect of doorway characteristics on freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease

Background Freezing of gait is a debilitating symptom in Parkinson’s disease, during which a sudden motor block prevents someone from moving forward. Remarkably, doorways can provoke freezing. Most research has focused on the influence of doorway width, and little is known about other doorway characteristics influencing doorway freezing. Objective Firstly, to provide guidelines on how to design doorways for people with freezing. Secondly, to compare people with doorway freezing to people without doorway freezing, and to explore the underlying mechanisms of doorway freezing. Methods We designed a web-based, structured survey consisting of two parts. Part I (n = 171 responders), open to people with Parkinson’s disease with freezing in general, aimed to compare people with doorway freezing to people without doorway freezing. We explored underlying processes related to doorway freezing with the Gait-Specific Attention Profile (G-SAP), inquiring about conscious movement processes occurring during doorway passing. Part II (n = 60), open for people experiencing weekly doorway freezing episodes, inquired about the influence of specific doorway characteristics on freezing. Results People with doorway freezing (69% of Part I) had higher freezing severity, longer disease duration, and scored higher on all sub scores of the G-SAP (indicating heightened motor, attentional, and emotional thoughts when passing through doorways) than people without doorway freezing. The main categories provoking doorway freezing were: dimensions of the door and surroundings, clutter around the door, lighting conditions, and automatic doors. Conclusion We provide recommendations on how to maximally avoid freezing in a practical setting. Furthermore, we suggest that doorways trigger freezing based on visuomotor, attentional, and emotional processes.
Relocation and place attachment: House design as an enabler of belonging

Place attachment can be described as an emotional bond between people and places , usually residential, implying securing feelings in the object of attachment, sense of belonging, desire of proximity, and wish to come back when away . Moreover, the disruption of place attachment through forced relocation (such as in a context of conflict or natural disaster) can have severe health and psychological effects . Potentially complicated in any context, the need to provide housing becomes very difficult when limited land for a growing number of population forces to relocate from the rural to the urban environment, and it may involve breaking with long stablished socio-cultural traditions and structures. The aims of this paper are therefore threefold: first, to critically review previous evidence that relates place attachment and unconscious place-specific daily routines, presenting time-space routines as a key element in the development of a sense of belonging; second, to illustrate spatial sequence in Malaysian domestic space as an enabler of belonging for those dwellers that relocate from traditional housing to modern apartments. And third, with the results of the aforementioned study, to provide further evidence of the social dimension of place attachment as played out in a residential context. In doing so, this article expands on current literature supporting the need for a perspective on place attachment that reflects its socially constructed nature.
What you export matters

When local cost discovery generates knowledge spillovers, specialization patterns become partly indeterminate and the mix of goods that a country produces may have important implications for economic growth. We demonstrate this proposition formally and adduce some empirical support for it. We construct an index of the “income level of a country’s exports,” document its properties, and show that it predicts subsequent economic growth.
Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics associated with retention in care among adults living with HIV and severe mental illness and reasons for loss to follow-up in Uganda: a mixed-methods study

Objective This study aimed to determine the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics associated with retention in care and reasons for loss to follow-up (LTFU) among people living with HIV (PLWH) with a known diagnosis of severe mental illness (SMI). Design We conducted a parallel convergent mixed-methods study. The quantitative study was used to determine the proportion and factors associated with retention in care among PLWH and SMI. The qualitative study explored reasons for LTFU. Setting This study was conducted at two the HIV clinics of two tertiary hospitals in Uganda. Participants We reviewed records of 608 PLWH who started antiretroviral therapy (ART) and included participants who had a documented diagnosis of SMI. Outcomes The primary outcome was retention in care. Age, gender, religion, tuberculosis (TB) status, WHO clinical stage, functional status, cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) cell count, viral load and SMI diagnosis were among the predictor variables. Results We collected data from 328 participants. Retention at 6 months was 43.3% compared with 35.7% at 12 months. Having an unsuppressed viral load (≥1000 copies/mL) (adjusted incidence risk ratio (IRR)=1.54, 95% CI: 1.17 to 2.03), being 36 years and below (adjusted IRR=0.94, 95% CI: 0.94 to 0.95), initial presentation at outpatient department (adjusted IRR=0.74, 95% CI: 0.57 to 0.96), having TB signs and symptoms (adjusted IRR=0.98 95% CI: 0.97 to 0.99) and being in lower WHO stages (I and II) (adjusted IRR=1.08, 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.14) at ART initiation were significantly associated with retention in care at 6 and 12 months. Inadequate social support, long waiting hours at the clinic, perceived stigma and discrimination, competing life activities, low socioeconomic status and poor adherence to psychiatric medication were barriers to retention in care. Conclusion Twelve-month retention in care remains low at 35.7% far below the 90% WHO target. There is a need to design and implement targeted interventions to address barriers to retention in care among PLWH and SMI.
Dietary supplementation with β-mannanase and probiotics as a strategy to improve laying hen performance and egg quality

The objective of this study was to assess the impact of β-mannanase and probiotic on the performance, serum biochemistry, gut morphometric traits, and fresh egg quality of laying hens. A total of 120 cages, housing light-weight laying hens (36 weeks old), were randomly assigned to four different treatments. These treatments included a control group fed non-supplemented diets; diets supplemented with 300 g/ton of beta-mannanase; diets supplemented with 50 g/ton of probiotic; or diets containing both 300 g/ton of β-mannanase and 50 g/ton of probiotics. The trial spanned a duration of 26 weeks and was divided into three productive phases, each lasting 28 days. The inclusion of β-mannanase resulted in a significant improvement in the laying rate by 11% (p < 0.05) compared to the control treatment. Similarly, the addition of probiotics also enhanced the laying rate by 7% (p < 0.05), as well as the supplementation with combined additives (11.5%). Combined additives showed an increase in egg masses, and additive association improved by 13.9% (p < 0.001) in contrast to the control treatment. Overall, β-mannanase and combined additives used during the supplementation period resulted in improvements in the weight of fresh eggs. These benefits were observed after a period of 14 weeks without supplementation (p < 0.05). Furthermore, significant differences were observed in the serum biochemistry and egg masses of birds that were fed diets containing both additives (β-mannanase + probiotics) compared to the control group. Parameters such as uric acid, total cholesterol, and triglycerides displayed notable variations. The villi height: crypt depth showed differences with combined additives (β-mannanase + probiotics). The β-mannanase improved specific gravity, yolk height, length, and pH, and yolk color traits compared to the control treatment. The use of probiotics helped to improve yolk height, pH, and color score. Besides, combined additives (β-mannanase + probiotics) improve yolk height, length, weight, pH, and better traits in yolk color. Hence, incorporating β-mannanase and probiotics into laying hen diets proves to be a highly effective strategy for enhancing laying rate and overall health status, while simultaneously elevating certain quality attributes of fresh eggs.