Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In vitroCytotoxic Activity of a Sulphated Polysaccharide Ulvan against Human Breast and Glioblastoma Cell line

This study was designed to evaluate the hemolysis, anti-inflammatoryand cytotoxicityactivity of sulphated polysaccharideulvan extracted from greenseaweed Ulvalactuca(UL). Ulvan was extracted and characterized with UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Fourier transform infraredspectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy(SEM). Total uronic acid and sulphate content were found to be 19.38% w/w and 22.53% w/w.The biocompatibilityof the sulphated polysaccharide ulvan wasevaluatedviahemolysis, its interaction with erythrocyte structure and anti-inflammatory studies.Further,thepolysaccharide was treated for cellular toxicityagainsthuman breast cancer(MCF-7)and human glioblastoma cancer (U87) cell linesusing the 3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assaymethod.This study indicates that the sulphated polysaccharide ulvanwas more suitable for biomedical applications with promising chemo preventive and chemotherapeutic activity. ©2022iGlobal Research and PublishingFoundation. All rights reserved.Cite this article as:Sonia, K. ; Meena, K.S. ; Alamelu Bai, S.In vitro Cytotoxic Activity of a Sulphated Polysaccharide Ulvan against Human Breast and Glioblastoma Cell line.Indo Global J. Pharm. Sci., 2022; 12:122-127. DOI:http://doi.org/10.35652/IGJPS.2022. 12012.
Sex estimation using direct gonial angle measurement in 16-24 years old Indonesian population

Introduction: Sex determination an important role in post-mortem (PM) profile reconstruction, which enables to reduce the possibility of identification. Gonial angle (GA) of mandible is a reliable sex parameter through skeletal examination. However, given frequent limited resources in forensic setting, direct GA measurement approach on deceased’s body is more practicable. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate GA discriminative ability in sex estimation by using direct measurement method in 16-24 years old Indonesian population. Material and methods: One hundred individuals (M = 43, F = 57) between 16-24 years old from Jepara District, Central Java, Indonesia, were selected for the measurement of both left (LGA) and right (RGA) gonial angle using a goniometer. Inter-and intra-observer reliability were 0.906 and 0.936, respectively, after one month using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC). Measured LGA and RGA from males and females were compared using Mann-Whitney U -test, and Pearson’s correlation between LGA and RGA were calculated. Binary logistic regression and ROC curve models were applied to analyze GA capability in sex discrimination. Results: There was no significant difference between LGA and RGA measurements, and a high correlation was detected ( r = 0.73). Both LGA and RGA had significant value to predict sex. AUC value of LGA was 0.615 ( p = 0.048; 95% CI: 0.51-0.73) and RGA was 0.637 ( p = 0.015; 95% CI: 0.53-0.74). Conclusions: The proposed direct examination method of GA to predict sex shows a low discriminating performance on both LGA and RGA variables.
A multimodal variational autoencoder for estimating progression scores from imaging and microRNA data in rare neurodegenerative diseases

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a rare neurodegenerative disease, often of genetic origin, with no effective treatment. There is a substantial pathophysiological overlap with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), mutations in the C9orf72 gene being their most common genetic cause. In these disorders, no single biomarker can accurately measure progression, thus it is crucial to combine complementary information from multiple modalities to evaluate new therapeutic interventions. In particular, neuroimaging and transcriptomic (microRNA) data have been shown to have value to track FTD and ALS progression. As these conditions are rare, large samples are not available, hence the need for methods to fuse multimodal data from small samples. In this paper, we propose a method for computing a disease progression score (DPS) from cross-sectional multimodal data, based on variational autoencoders (VAE). We show that unsupervised training leads to the estimation of meaningful latent spaces, where subjects with similar disease states are clustered together and from which a DPS may be inferred. Models were evaluated on 14 patients, 40 presymptomatic mutation carriers and 37 healthy controls from the PREV-DEMALS study. Since there is no ground truth for the DPS, we used the inferred scores to perform pairwise classification as a proxy metric. Presymptomatic subjects and patients were classified with an average area under the ROC curve of 0.83 and 0.94, respectively without and with feature selection. The proposed approach has the potential to leverage cross-sectional multimodal datasets with small sample sizes in order to objectively measure disease progression.
Abortion Stigma and Its Relationship with Grief, Post-traumatic Stress, and Mental Health-Related Quality of Life After Abortion for Fetal Anomalies

Background: Despite the prevalence of abortion stigma in the United States, few studies have examined the relationship between stigma and psychological well-being postabortion among women who undergo abortion for fetal anomalies. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of women who underwent second-trimester abortion for pregnancy complications to assess the association between abortion stigma and psychological outcomes. We asked women to retrospectively report self-judgment and perceived community condemnation at the time of their abortion and evaluated present-day grief, post-traumatic stress, and self-reported mental health. We recruited participants using Facebook, Craigslist, and other public online forums. We used multivariable linear regression to evaluate relationships between abortion stigma and psychological outcomes. In adjusted models, we controlled for covariates that were associated with the outcome at a level of p < 0.1. Results: Adjusted models, including 80 women, revealed that higher self-judgment at the time of abortion was significantly associated with increased postabortion grief (β = 2.5 and p = 0.02). Self-judgment was not associated with statistically significant differences in post-traumatic stress or mental health. There was no association between perceived community condemnation and psychological outcomes. Discussion: Abortion stigma may be associated with increased postabortion grief, but does not appear to be associated with differences in post-traumatic stress or mental health. Investigating how different preprocedure counseling methods can impact self-judgment might inform future interventions aimed at improving psychological outcomes postabortion. Implications for Practice and/or Policy: Abortion providers should consider that women who display signs of self-judgment may be at higher risk for increased grief after pregnancy termination for fetal anomalies or maternal complications.
Study on a novel waveguide photodetector with wavelength selectivity

A novel integrated, Resonant-cavity-frequency-selectivity Inclined-mirror Coupling Encapsulated-core Wave-Guide (RICE WG) photodetector is described. Detailed design processes and numerical simulations are investigated theoretically. The novel structure makes device’s quantum efficiency decouples with its response bandwidth and spectrum linewidth simultaneously. Through performance simulation and optimization, the results indicated that the tradeoff between spectral response linewidth and quantum efficiency no longer exist. RICE WG PIN can achieve spectral response linewidth <1nm and quantum efficiency >80% simultaneously. Additionally, we discussed the approach to realize it.
Towards Dynamic Multi-Modal Intent Sensing Using Probabilistic Sensor Networks

Intent sensing—the ability to sense what a user wants to happen—has many potential technological applications. Assistive medical devices, such as prosthetic limbs, could benefit from intent-based control systems, allowing for faster and more intuitive control. The accuracy of intent sensing could be improved by using multiple sensors sensing multiple environments. As users will typically pass through different sensing environments throughout the day, the system should be dynamic, with sensors dropping in and out as required. An intent-sensing algorithm that allows for this cannot rely on training from only a particular combination of sensors. It should allow any (dynamic) combination of sensors to be used. Therefore, the objective of this study is to develop and test a dynamic intent-sensing system under changing conditions. A method has been proposed that treats each sensor individually and combines them using Bayesian sensor fusion. This approach was tested on laboratory data obtained from subjects wearing Inertial Measurement Units and surface electromyography electrodes. The proposed algorithm was then used to classify functional reach activities and compare the performance to an established classifier (k-nearest-neighbours) in cases of simulated sensor dropouts. Results showed that the Bayesian sensor fusion algorithm was less affected as more sensors dropped out, supporting this intent-sensing approach as viable in dynamic real-world scenarios.
Influência do Compartilhamento de Cache L2 em um Chip Multiprocessado sob Cargas de Trabalho com Conjuntos de Dados Contíguos e Não Contíguos

As diversas pesquisas e projetos de chips multiprocessados apontam na direção do uso da cache L2 compartilhada. No entanto, ainda está muito cedo para definir um modelo de compartilhamento à cache L2 que atenda às necessidades de desempenho dos futuros processadores multi-core. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar resultados do projeto de um chip multiprocessado com vários agrupamentos de núcleos compartilhando a mesma cache L2 sob cargas de trabalho com conjuntos de dados contíguos e não contíguos. Os resultados apresentados mostram que a proximidade dos dados da aplicação paralela exerce forte influência sobre o desempenho nas diversas organizações de agrupamentos de processadores. Para a carga de trabalho com dados contíguos houve um aumento de desempenho de até 0,93% e uma redução na taxa de faltas da cache L2 de até 85,20% para leitura e aumento da taxa de faltas de até 59,07% para escrita. No conjunto de dados não contíguos houve uma degradação do desempenho de até 0,11%, mas com redução na taxa de faltas da cache L2 de até 82% para leitura e aumento na taxa de faltas para escrita de até 62,07%.
Brief Strategy Training in Aging: Near Transfer Effects and Mediation of Gains by Improved Self-Regulation

A common approach to cognitive intervention for adults is memory strategy training, but limited work of this type has examined intervention effects in relation to self-regulation (e.g., strategy usage, memory beliefs) and few have established near transfer (training-related performance gain on untrained tasks related to the target task). The present research, Everyday Memory Clinic—Revised (EMC-R), examined whether relatively brief face-name association training, offering elements focused on self-regulation, can improve name recall, enhance memory self-regulation, and lead to near transfer. Participants were 122 healthy, well-educated middle-aged and older adults (51–90 years old) randomly assigned to a strategy training program (SO), a comparable program with a theoretical self-regulatory boost (SB), or a waitlist control group. Compared to the waitlist group, both groups of trainees demonstrated higher pretest-posttest improvements in name recall (target task), memory self-efficacy, and effective strategy use, as well as the near transfer of gains to nontrained associative tasks, a rare finding in strategy training research. Furthermore, changes in memory self-efficacy and strategy use fully mediated the effect of training on name recall. This innovative approach for brief memory intervention offers a model for successful training that can be easily disseminated via community centers and lifelong learning programs.
Nutritional Supplementation in Stroke Rehabilitation: A Narrative Review

Malnutrition is associated with increased mortality and poor functional recovery after stroke. Most guidelines for stroke rehabilitation strongly recommend nutritional screening for malnutrition. Nutritional status after stroke is related to long-term outcomes, and nutritional supplementation is recommended for stroke patients with malnutrition and those at risk of malnutrition. However, routine nutritional supplementation in stroke patients, regardless of nutritional status, is not correlated with improved functional outcomes, and nutritional supplementation is not recommended if the nutritional status is adequate. Nutritional supplementation with protein, amino acids, vitamins, and minerals positively affects recovery after stroke, with improvements seen in motor function, cognition, activities of living, and mood. However, the evidence is insufficient due to the small number of studies and the lack of well-designed randomized controlled studies. Therefore, nutritional supplementation for stroke patients in rehabilitation should not be uniform, and individual nutritional interventions based on an assessment of the patient’s nutritional status should be provided.
Downregulation of Squalene Synthase Broadly Impacts Isoprenoid Biosynthesis in Guayule

Production of natural rubber by Parthenium argentaum (guayule) requires increased yield for economic sustainability. An RNAi gene silencing strategy was used to engineer isoprenoid biosynthesis by downregulation of squalene synthase (SQS), such that the pool of farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) substrate might instead be available to initiate natural rubber synthesis. Downregulation of SQS resulted in significantly reduced squalene and slightly increased rubber, but not in the same tissues nor to the same extent, partially due to an apparent negative feedback regulatory mechanism that downregulated mevalonate pathway isoprenoid production, presumably associated with excess geranyl pyrophosphate levels. A detailed metabolomics analysis of isoprenoid production in guayule revealed significant differences in metabolism in different tissues, including in active mevalonate and methylerythritol phosphate pathways in stem tissue, where rubber and squalene accumulate. New insights and strategies for engineering isoprenoid production in guayule were identified.
Nutrition Management in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury: A Narrative Review

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of long-term physical and psychological disability and death. In patients with TBI, undernutrition is associated with an increased mortality rate, more infectious complications, and worse neurologic outcomes. Therefore, timely and effective nutritional therapy is particularly crucial in the management of TBI to improve patients’ prognoses. This narrative review summarizes the issues encountered in clinical practice for patients with neurotrauma who receive acute and post-acute in-patient rehabilitation services, and it comprehensively incorporates a wide range of studies, including recent clinical practice guidelines (CPGs), with the aim of better understanding the current evidence for optimal nutritional therapy focused on TBI patients. Recent CPGs were reviewed for 6 topics: 1) hypermetabolism and variation in energy expenditure in patients with TBI, 2) delayed gastric emptying and intolerance to enteral nutrition, 3) decision-making on the route and timing of access in patients with TBI who are unable to maintain volitional intake (enteral nutrition versus parenteral nutrition), 4) decision-making on the enteral formula (standard or immune-modulating formulas), 5) glycemic control, and 6) protein support. We also identified areas that need further research in the future.
Reversal of OFI and CHF in Research Reactors Operating at 1 to 50 Bar. Version 1.0

The condition at which the critical heat flux (CHF) and the heat flux at the onset of Ledinegg flow instability (OFI) are equal, is calculated for a coolant channel with uniform heat flux as a function of five independent parameters: the channel exit pressure (P), heated length (Lh), heated diameter (Dh), inlet temperature (Tin), and mass flux (G). A diagram is made by plotting the mass flux and heat flux at the OFI-CHF intersection (i.e., reversal from CHF > OFI to CHF < OFI as G increases) as a function of P (1 to 50 bar), for 36 combinations of the remaining 3 parameters (Lh , Dh , Tin). The application of the diagram to scope whether a research reactor is OFI-limited (below the curve) or CHF-limited based on the five parameters of its most-limiting coolant channel is described. Justification for application of the diagram to research reactors with axially non-uniform heat flux is provided. In order to make the OFI-CHF intersection diagram, two world-class CHF prediction methods (the Hall-Mudawar inlet-conditions correlation and the extended Groeneveld 2006 Table) are compared for 216 combinations of the five independent parameters. Also, two widely used OFI correlations (the Saha-Zuber and the Whittle-Forgan with η = 32.5) are compared for the same combinations of the five parameters. The extended Groeneveld Table and the Whittle-Forgan OFI correlation are selected and used in making the diagram. Using the five design parameters, the operating state of any research reactor can be located on the reversal diagram that will readily show whether CHF or OFI is most-limiting. The scoping results of the OFI-CHF diagram for five research reactors (ATR, HIFR, MITR, MURR, and the ANS Design) are found to agree with the results reported by their owners. Due to its limitations (uncertainties not included), the diagram cannot replace the detailed thermalhydraulic analysis required for a reactor safety analysis.
RSTm: Reusando Especulativamente Acessos à Memória

Técnicas de reuso e previsão de valores são alternativas para aumentar o desempenho em arquiteturas de processadores, já que permitem que instruções com dependências verdadeiras e de controle tenham seus resultados no mesmo ciclo. No entanto, arquiteturas que utilizam esses mecanismos não costumam incorporar os acessos à memória como parte das instruções que podem ser reusadas. Neste artigo, o RSTm é apresentado, uma versão da arquitetura RST (Reuse through Speculation on Traces) que permite o reuso (especulativo ou não) de acessos à memória. A verificação da reusabilidade de instruções de acesso à memória dá-se com o uso de uma tabela adicional, a Memo Table L, que armazena endereços e valores dos acessos reusáveis. Esta solução não limita o número de instruções de acesso à memória por traço e, também, armazena tanto o endereço como seu respectivo valor, com pequeno custo adicional no hardware. Os experimentos, realizados com benchmarks do SPEC2000int e SPEC2000fp mostram um speedup de até 1,0474 no desempenho do RSTm sobre o mecanismo original e de 1,2019 sobre a arquitetura base.
Protective Effect and Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury

After acute myocardial infarction, early restoration of myocardial perfusion by thrombolysis or percutaneous coronary intervention is the most effective way to reduce the size of myocardial infarction and improve clinical outcomes. However, recovery of blood flow to the ischemic myocardium may cause ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, a phenomenon that instead reduces the efficacy of myocardial reperfusion. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has long been used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and has shown remarkable efficacy. Many studies have shown that some TCMs and their active components can exert protective effects against myocardial I/R injury through different mechanisms. This review summarized the protective mechanisms and current research advances of TCMs in myocardial I/R injury.
A 0.9-V DAC-Calibration-Free Continuous-Time Incremental Delta–Sigma Modulator Achieving 97-dB SFDR at 2 MS/s in 28-nm CMOS

This article shows the design of a wideband 3-0 sturdy-multi-stage noise-shaping (SMASH) continuous-time (CT) incremental delta–sigma (I- $\boldsymbol {\Delta \Sigma }$ ) analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The two stages’ quantizers (QTZs) are implemented by a single re-configurable multibit (MB) asynchronous (A)SAR ADC. The digital-to-analog converter (DAC) nonlinearities are suppressed by reconfiguring the asynchronous successive-approximation register (ASAR) ADC from 2 to 5 b, and correspondingly, the DACs dynamically switch from 1.5- to 4-b tri-level outputs within each Nyquist conversion cycle. This results in a DAC-calibration-free MB operation. A two-tap FIR filter is implemented in the feedback DACs to reduce jitter requirements in the initial 1.5-b cycles. Through the design representation, a detailed fundamental comparison between an X-0 SMASH architecture and an X-order single-loop modulator is discussed. This discussion highlights the introduction of an efficient tri-level combination between the MSB and the LSBs of the ASAR QTZ. The resulting SMASH CT I- $\boldsymbol {\Delta \Sigma }$ modulator was fabricated in 28-nm CMOS technology with an active area of 0.125 mm2. It achieves 97-dB spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) without calibration, 89-dB dynamic range (DR), and 81.2-dB SNDR in a 1-MHz bandwidth (BW). It consumes 3.6 mW from a single 0.9-V supply. The design shows very good robustness across different tested samples, supply variations, and across temperatures from −20 °C to 80 °C.
An integrated real-time structural damage detection method based on extended Kalman filter and dynamic statistical process control

Real-time structural parameter identification and damage detection are of great significance for structural health monitoring systems. The extended Kalman filter has been implemented in many structural damage detection methods due to its capability to estimate structural parameters based on online measurement data. Current research assumes constant structural parameters and uses static statistical process control for damage detection. However, structural parameters are typically slow-changing due to variations such as environmental and operational effects. Hence, false alarms may easily be triggered when the data points falling outside of the static statistical process control range due to the environmental and operational effects. In order to overcome this problem, this article presents a novel real-time structural damage detection method by integrating extended Kalman filter and dynamic statistical process control. Based on historical measurements of damage-sensitive parameters in the state-space model, extended Kalman filter is used to provide real-time estimations of these parameters as well as standard derivations in each time step, which are then used to update the control limits for dynamic statistical process control to detect any abnormality in the selected parameters. The numerical validation is performed on both linear and nonlinear structures, considering different damage scenarios. The simulation results demonstrate high detection accuracy rate and light computational costs of the developed extended Kalman filter–dynamic statistical process control damage detection method and the potential for implementation in structural health monitoring systems for in-service civil structures.
Orbital-angular-momentum-based reconfigurable optical switching and routing

Orbital angular momentum (OAM) has gained interest due to its potential to increase capacity in optical communication systems as well as an additional domain for reconfigurable networks. This is due to the following: (i) coaxially propagated OAM beams with different charges are mutually orthogonal, (ii) OAM beams can be efficiently multiplexed and demultiplexed, and (iii) OAM charges can be efficiently manipulated. Therefore, multiple data-carrying OAM beams could have the potential capability for reconfigurable optical switching and routing. In this paper, we discuss work involving reconfigurable OAM-based optical add/drop multiplexing, space switching, polarization switching, channel hopping, and multicasting.