Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characteristics Of Social Networking Services

Social networking services (SNSs) have recently emerged as a research topic of interest, in line with their commercial success and popularity. They are internet (sometimes mobile) services that have, as a primary purpose, the building and sustaining of users’ social networks. In this article we conduct two analyses. We review the existing literature on social networking software, and we examine the functionality of four leading social networking services: Facebook, MySpace, Second Life, and Twitter. The two analyses are iteratively matched to provide an initial account of six characteristics evident both the in services themselves, and the literature which discusses them. The characteristics help shape the area of study, and can be tested and developed by more rigorous forms of research.
Variability of Southwest Indian summer monsoon precipitation during the Bølling-Ållerød

We have generated a high-resolution (<20 yr) 2 3 0 Th-dated stalagmite oxygen isotope record from Timta Cave in the western Himalaya in India that documents Southwest Indian summer monsoon (ISM) precipitation variations during the Bolling-Allerod interstadial from 15.2 to 11.7 ka. Compared with the glacial and Younger Dryas, ISM precipitation was enhanced during the Bolling-Allerod. ISM precipitation was apparently coupled to variations in the East Asian monsoon and North Atlantic climate on millennial and multicentennial time scales during the deglaciation. Analyses of a high growth rate interval (<2.5 yr resolution) encompassing the late Bolling-early Alterod suggest that multidecadal monsoon variability was an important aspect of ISM behavior at that time. The frequency spectrum of ISM precipitation during this time interval is similar to that of the Δ 1 4 C record and other ISM precipitation records during'the latest Holocene. This raises the hypothesis that multidecadal climate dynamics during the late Boiling-early Allerod may have been similar to those that operated during the last several millennia, even though the boundary conditions of these two time intervals were very different.
DeepONet Based Uncertainty Quantification for Power System Dynamics with Stochastic Loads

This paper proposes a DeepONet-based uncertainty quantification framework for power system dynamics with stochastic loads modeled via the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. We model the stochastic power system using stochastic differential and algebraic equations (SDAE), which allow us to transport the stochasticity from the loads through the power system dynamics. Then, the proposed DeepONet-based framework learns a parametric surrogate for the infinite-dimensional solution operator of the SDAEs. This surrogate solution operator allows us to quantify uncertainty by mapping the stochastic response of the loads to statistical estimates of power system dynamic trajectories, which contain critical information for operators and planners. The effectiveness and scalability of our method are verified (i) using the IEEE 39-bus and the WECC 179-bus systems and (ii) by comparing it to Monte Carlo and other surrogate baselines.
Managing the invisible : understanding and improving groundwater governance

Groundwater is playing an increasingly important role in domestic, industrial and agricultural water supply. With the advent of the tube well and driven by the rapid growth of demand for agricultural and municipal water, annual global groundwater extraction has increased in recent decades from 100 km3 a year in 1950 to a current estimated use of about 800 km3 a year (Wada et al., 2010; Margat, 2008). Today, 43 percent of global irrigation (Siebert et al., 2010) as well as more than 50 percent of the world's drinking water supply (Zekster and Everett, 2004) and a large share of global industrial activity depend on groundwater. In addition to its capacity to answer growing water demand, groundwater also provides unique opportunities to cope with increased climate variability due to climate change. Climate change will have an impact on all components of the hydrological cycle and result in changes in the seasonal and geographical distribution of water on the planet. Climate change may negatively impact groundwater resources in case of changes in groundwater recharge due to changing river discharge or rainfall patterns. Climate change may also lead to an increased pressure on groundwater resources in case of reduced availability of surface water resources. But groundwater also has a unique potential to adapt to climate change, primarily as a result of its buffering potential against increased climate variability.
The Role Of Tourism In Regional Development

Along with the acceleration of the globalization phenomenon, the level of development among the countries has been showing substantial differences. Developed countries have performed their development levels because they have a number of economic advantages and they have slightly minimized the imbalance between the regions. One of the most important problems of developing countries involves the development and underdevelopment. One of the ways to cope with this problem is to identify the priority sector for development of these countries. Performing the development in developing countries is merely possible by evaluating the potential of their tourist supply. The tourism sector plays significant role on regional development and the efficient use of local tourism resources. In this respect, the purpose of the research is to investigate the role of tourism along with development policies to resolve interregional imbalance. Therefore, it is intended to figure out the importance of tourism in regional development and focused regional development instruments. As a result, it is aimed to examine the role of tourism in developing regions on their development processes. Keywords: Regional development, Tourism, Alternative Tourism
COEB-SLAM: A Robust VSLAM in Dynamic Environments Combined Object Detection, Epipolar Geometry Constraint, and Blur Filtering

Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) systems are proposed to estimate mobile robot’ poses and reconstruct maps of surrounding environments. Most SLAM systems assume that their working environments are static. However, there are many dynamic objects in actual environments, which reduce the accuracy and robustness of the SLAM system. In this article, a real-time robust visual simultaneous localization and mapping (VSLAM) system working in dynamic environments named combine object detection, epipolar geometry constraint, and blur filtering (COEB-SLAM) is proposed, which combines object detection, epipolar geometry constraint, and blur filtering to remove dynamic feature points. In reality, shooting fast-moving objects can cause image motion blur, which affects the dynamic SLAM’s ability to determine the object’s state. Therefore, we attempted to use the blurring level as a constraint to identify dynamic objects. Moreover, the removal of a large number of feature points can lead to the failure of tracking. Thus, we use a feature points redistribution method for retaining enough high-quality static features to reduce this impact. Extensive evaluations in the public TUM RGB-D datasets and the real-world dynamic environments demonstrate that COEB-SLAM has robustness in dynamic environments. Compared to the ORB-SLAM2 system, COEB-SLAM reduces the average absolute trajectory error by about 90% in TUM RGB-D datasets. For the benefit of community, we make public the source code at https://github.com/biscuitzb/COEB-SLAM.
Mapping Value(s) in AI: Methodological Directions for Examining Normativity in Complex Technical Systems

This paper seeks to develop a multidisciplinary methodological framework and research agenda for studying the broad array of ‘ideas’, ‘norms’, or ‘values’ incorporated and mobi-lizedinsystemsrelyingonAIcomponents. Wefocusonrecommendersystemsasabroader field of technical practice and take YouTube as an example of a concrete artifact that raises many social concerns. To situate the conceptual perspective and rationale informing our approach, we briefly discuss investigations into normativity in technology more broadly and refer to ‘descriptive ethics’ and ‘ethigraphy’ as two approaches concerned with the empirical study of values and norms. Drawing on science and technology studies, we argue that normativity cannot be reduced to ethics, but requires paying attention to a wider range of elements, including the performativity of material objects themselves. The method of ‘encircling’ is presented as a way to deal with both the secrecy surrounding many commercial systems and the socio-technical and distributed character of normativ-ity more broadly. The resulting investigation aims to draw from a series of approaches and methods to constructa much wider picture than what could result from one discipline only. The paper is then dedicated to developing this methodological framework organized into three layers that demarcate specific avenues for conceptual reflection and empirical research, moving from the more general to the more concrete: ambient technical knowledge, local design conditions, and materialized values. We conclude by arguing that deontological approaches to normativity in AI need to take into account the many different ways norms and values are embedded in technical systems.
Sclerostin, Osteocytes, and Wnt Signaling in Pediatric Renal Osteodystrophy

The pathophysiology of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) is not well understood. Specific factors secreted by osteocytes are elevated in the serum of adults and pediatric patients with CKD-MBD, including FGF-23 and sclerostin, a known inhibitor of the Wnt signaling pathway. The molecular mechanisms that promote bone disease during the progression of CKD are incompletely understood. In this study, we performed a cross-sectional analysis of 87 pediatric patients with pre-dialysis CKD and post-dialysis (CKD 5D). We assessed the associations between serum and bone sclerostin levels and biomarkers of bone turnover and bone histomorphometry. We report that serum sclerostin levels were elevated in both early and late CKD. Higher circulating and bone sclerostin levels were associated with histomorphometric parameters of bone turnover and mineralization. Immunofluorescence analyses of bone biopsies evaluated osteocyte staining of antibodies towards the canonical Wnt target, β-catenin, in the phosphorylated (inhibited) or unphosphorylated (active) forms. Bone sclerostin was found to be colocalized with phosphorylated β-catenin, which suggests that Wnt signaling was inhibited. In patients with low serum sclerostin levels, increased unphosphorylated “active” β-catenin staining was observed in osteocytes. These data provide new mechanistic insight into the pathogenesis of CKD-MBD and suggest that sclerostin may offer a potential biomarker or therapeutic target in pediatric renal osteodystrophy.
Developmental Changes in Attention Tests Norms: Implications for the Structure of Attention

Assessment of attention is a key issue in the study of neuropsychological development. In this study we collected Hebrew norms for four frequently used attention tests (Trail Making, Digit-Symbol, Digit Span, and Digit Cancellation), analyzed the developmental sensitivity of each test and traced changes in attention across ages. The tests were administered to 809 boys and girls ranging in age from 8 to 17, divided into 10 age cohorts. The results indicate that, although all tests showed age effects, Digit-Symbol and Digit Cancellation tests were most developmentally sensitive. Another interesting finding was that younger age groups (8–11) are more dissociable by attention tests than older age groups (12–17), indicating that changes in attention are more pronounced in the early years and stabilize in later years.
Mechanisms for recent warming of the North Atlantic: Insights gained with an eddy-permitting model

[1] The role of ocean heat transport variations in recent warming of the North Atlantic is investigated using an eddy-permitting global ocean model with prescribed atmospheric boundary conditions for 1985–2003. Variability of the model sea surface temperature compares favorably with satellite and in situ observations. Each data set reveals a similar pattern of significant surface warming over 1985–2003, across much of the North Atlantic. Significant warming trends exceed 0.1°C a−1 across a large area of the northwest Atlantic in the model simulation. Warming of the tropics and midlatitudes are considered separately. In both regions, long-term rises in temperature coincide with increasing ocean heat content in the upper few hundred meters, consistent with recent observations. The strongest link between surface temperature and heat content is found in midlatitudes. Averaged within each region, model surface heat fluxes do not show any major trends and are within the range of uncertainty in observational estimates. In midlatitudes, heat content increases are largely explained by changes in ocean heat transport across regional boundaries. While meridional heat transport is strongly linked to the meridional overturning circulation in the subtropics, such a link is weak in midlatitudes, where heat transport variability appears to be more strongly linked to fluctuations in gyre transport and eddy fluxes. It is concluded that the pattern of recent warming in the midlatitude North Atlantic is related to anomalous convergence of ocean heat transport, associated with changes in overturning and horizontal components of the circulation, in the northern subtropics and the subpolar gyre respectively.
Prediction of Chinese Loess Plateau summer rainfall using Pacific Ocean spring sea surface temperature

The Loess Plateau in China constitutes an important source area for both water and sediments to the Yellow River. Thus, improved prediction techniques of rainfall may lead to better estimation of discharge and sediment content for the Yellow River. Consequently, the objective of this study was to establish better links between rainfall of the Loess Plateau in China and sea surface temperature (SST) in the Pacific Ocean. Results showed that there is a strong lagged correlation between and SST and rainfall. The SST for Micronesia and areas south of the Aleutian Islands showed significant correlations (s.f. < 0·001; 99·9%) with rainfall over the dryer region of the Loess Plateau for a lag of 4 to 6 months. The SST over the equator on the east Pacific Ocean also showed significant negative correlation with rainfall. Low and middle latitude areas (S10–20° and around 30° ) of the south‐east Pacific Ocean displayed significant positive and negative correlation with rainfall on the semiarid Loess Plateau. The differenced SST values (positive SST minus negative SST) increased these correlations with rainfall. An artificial neural network (ANN) model was used to predict summer rainfall from the differenced SST during the spring period. The correlation between predicted and observed monthly rainfall was in general larger than 0·7. This indicates that major annual rainfall (during summer season) can be predicted with good accuracy using the suggested approach. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three Key Elements of Post-2012 International Climate Policy Architecture

We describe three essential elements of an effective post-2012 international global climate policy architecture: a means to ensure that key industrialized and developing nations are involved in differentiated but meaningful ways; an emphasis on an extended time path of targets; and inclusion of flexible market-based policy instruments to keep costs down and facilitate international equity. This architecture is consistent with fundamental aspects of the science, economics, and politics of global climate change; addresses specific shortcomings of the Kyoto Protocol; and builds upon the foundation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
An analysis and evaluation of eThekwini Municipality's Home-Ownership Programme (sale of state-financed flats)

The Hous ing Department of the eT hekwini Municipality implemented a home-ownership programme in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal Province. The programme aimed at selling state-financed flats to tenants of the Municipality. The sale of these f lats was in terms of the Sectional T itle development scheme. The r esearch s tudy undertaken was to analyze a nd evaluate th e implementation of this programme. In conducting the research s tudy, a global perspective on t he d elivery of public housing was obtained. There are challenges globally; th ere is inadequate d elivery of ho using b y governments both in developing and developed countries. Whilst there are new strategies being formulated by governments, for e.g. housing associations and social housing; there is lack of support by government to sustain these housing programmes. The research study was un dertaken within a s ystems ap proach. T he us e of thi s approach enabled a holistic enquiry process into the study. Through the systems approach the researcher was able to look at not only the c omponents i n the system, but also the i nteraction an d the connectedness be tween components. The Cr itical S ystems Thinking as a meta-methodology allowed the use of more than on e m ethodology for the research s tudy, i.e. Cr itical Systems Heuristics and Quantitative Study. T he Critical Systems Heuristics m ethodology was used to analyze an d evaluate a p olicy decision m ade by Government to sell S tate-Financed f lats t o tenants. This research study focused on the officials of the eThekwini Municipality. The second research study was Quantitative and targeted trustees within bodies corporate. The analysis of the data that was collated highlighted the following: While t he de cision f or the s ale of flats to tenants i n order to promote ho me owne rship emerged as a good decision, there is never the less a need to include in the programme an extensive post sales programme that includes training, education and a support network for bodies corporate The communication between tenants and the Housing Department was extensive until the transfer of the flats to the tenants and thereafter communication was very limited One of the main challenge faced in this programme is the financial management of bodies corporate There appears to be challenges of promoting and maintaining social cohesion. Whilst the programme to promote home-ownership has been well-received by beneficiaries, the progamme lacked a supportive post-sales progr amme and hence viewed as incomplete. Two broad recommendations were: Ongoing programme w ith bodies corporate: There ne eds to b e tr aining an d education programmes available for the post sales period. T he programmes should be designed to benefit both newly appointed trustees and exiting ones.
Evaluation of Native and Exotic Woody Plants Under Severe Environmental Stress

Revegetation and landscaping with trees and shrubs in low maintenance areas of limited rainfall are continuing challenges. A planting of 95 woody species in San Antonio, Texas resulted in survival of 22 natives and exotics after two growing seasons. No irrigation was used beyond initial establishment. There were no significant differences in survival rate between native and introduced species. Survivors are deemed worthy of use in land reclamation and in urban forestry projects requiring drought hardy trees and shrubs in the Southwest.
Fluid Inclusion and Stable Isotope Studies at Don Sixto, a Precious Metal Low Sulfidation Deposit in Mendoza Province, Argentina

The Don Sixto mining area in Mendoza province, central‐western Argentina, contains an epithermal low sulfidation Au–Ag deposit. It is a small deposit (∼4 km2), with a gold resource of 36 t. In Don Sixto, ore minerals are disseminated in the hydrothermal quartz veins and hydrothermally altered volcanic‐pyroclastic rock units of Permian–Triassic age. On the basis of the texture, ore mineral paragenesis and cross cutting relationship of gangue minerals, seven stages of mineralization were recognized and described. The first six stages are characterized by quartz veins with minor amounts of base metal minerals and the last stage is represented by fluorite veins with minimal quantities of base metal minerals; the precious metal mineralization is mainly related to the fourth stage. The hydrothermal veins exhibit mainly massive, crustiform and comb infilling textures; the presence of bladed quartz replacement textures and quartz veins with adularia crystals are indicative of boiling processes in the system. Fluid inclusion and complementary stable isotope studies were performed in quartz, fluorite, and pyrite samples from the vein systems. The microthermometric data were obtained from primary, biphasic (liquid‐vapor) fluid inclusion assemblages in quartz and fluorite. The maximum values for salinity and homogenization temperature (Th) came from the stage IV where quartz with petrographic evidence of boiling has average values of 4.96 wt% NaClequiv. and 286.9°C respectively. The lower values are related to the last stage of mineralization, where the fluid inclusions in fluorite have average salinities of 1.05 wt% NaClequiv. and average homogenization temperatures of 173.1°C. The oxygen and sulfur isotopic fractionation was analyzed in quartz and pyrite. The calculated isotopic fractionation for oxygen in the hydrothermal fluid is in the range of δ18OH2O = −6.92 up to −3.08‰, which indicates dominance of a meteoric source for the water, while sulfur reaches δ34SH2S = 1.09‰, which could be reflecting a possible magmatic, or even a mixed source.
On the move : how and why animals travel in groups

Getting from here to there may be simple for one individual. But as any parent, scout leader, or CEO knows, herding a whole troop in one direction is a lot more complicated. Who leads the group? Who decides where the group will travel, and using what information? How do they accomplish these tasks? "On the Move" addresses these questions, examining the social, cognitive and ecological processes that underlie patterns and strategies of group travel. Chapters discuss how factors such as group size, resource distribution and availability, the costs of travel, predation, social cohesion and cognitive skills affect how individuals as well as social groups exploit their environment. Most chapters focus on field studies of a wide range of human and nonhuman primate groups, from squirrel monkeys to Turkana pastoralists, but chapters covering group travel in hyenas, birds, dolphins and bees provide a broad taxonomic perspective and offer new insights into comparative questions, such as whether primates are unique in their ability to coordinate group-level activities.
An Anomaly Detection Approach by AIML in IP Networks with eBPF-Based Observability

Highly accurate anomaly detection is indispensable for reliable communication services, and research on anomaly detection with AI/ML has been actively conducted . Detailed system-specific data as input for AI/ML, are essential for autonomous provisioning and failure management. This paper proposes a novel monitoring architecture for measuring detailed system-specific data in routers that comprise transport networks, as an essential element of mobile networks. Previously, vendor-proprietary router implementations were dominant and could only measure limited metrics (e.g., the CPU utilization rate and packet throughput). In recent years, however, the rise of cloud computing and SDNs has led to routers becoming more open and software-oriented. Therefore, we propose a novel eBPF-based monitoring method for routers. The evaluation results obtained by AI/ML show that anomaly detection can be achieved with high accuracy.