Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Variance of Prediction Error for Best Linear Unbiased Prediction Models with Relationships Included

Abstract For mixed models, variance of prediction error of sire evaluations is required for computing Repeatabilities or confidence intervals. Although variance of prediction error can be computed by inverting the coefficient matrix, this is not practical because of prohibitive computational cost. Therefore, variance of prediction error is estimated. Three sire evaluation models were analyzed: 1) a multiparity model for single traits (i.e., multiple lactations of a cow were repeat samples of a single trait) without relationships included; 2) a multiparity model for single traits with relationships included; and 3) a multitrait model for the first three parities as correlated traits with relationships included. Data sets were constructed small enough that variances of prediction error could be computed by inversion and compared with estimates from various functions. Reciprocal of the diagonal element was an accurate estimate of variance of prediction error only for the multiparity model for single traits without relationships. However, variance of prediction error was estimated best by a cubic function of the reciprocal. For the multiparity model for single traits with relationships included, variance of prediction error was estimated best by a function with four terms: the reciprocal of the diagonal element of the coefficient matrix minus contributions of relatives, the square and cube of this term, and the reciprocal of the diagonal element of the inverse of the matrix of sire variance. For the multitrait model, all functions investigated resulted in less accuracy than desired for estimating variance of prediction error.
An adaptive finite element procedure for the image segmentation problem

The image segmentation problem in computer vision is considered. Given a two-dimensional domain D and a function defined on it (the original image), the problem is to obtain a 'cartoon' associated with this function, namely to find a set of inner boundaries which divide D into subdomains (objects) in an optimal way. The optimality criterion used here is given by the Mumford-Shah (MS) and Blake-Zisserman model, which leads to a strongly non-linear problem. Related problems appear in multiphase continuum mechanics. An iterative procedure based on an h-adaptive finite element method is proposed for the solution of this problem. The mesh adaptivity enables an efficient solution technique, with the use of basic coarse discretization and a few local regions of high resolution where needed.
Perspektif Jual Beli Online dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam dan KUHPerdata

Bisnis toko online adalah bisnis yang marak terjadi di Era sekarang selain memudahkan jual beli juga memudahkan jarak yang jauh untuk menjadi dekat. Transaksi menjadi lebih mudah dijangkau. Hal tersebut jika dilakukan sesuai dengan Hukum Islam yaitu Al-Quran Dan Hadits serta harus disesuaikan dengan Hukum Negara khususnya sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-Undang-Undangan yang berlaku yaitu sesuai dengan KUHPerdata Pasal 1457 dan Pasal 1458. Karena dengan adanya dasar tersebut maka diharapkan penjual dan pembeli melakukan transaksi jual belinya dengan baik dan sesuai dengan aturan yang diberlakukan. Kecurangan serta penipuan juga semakin bisa diminimalkan. Penjualan bisa dilakukan tanpa kendala jarak dan pembelian juga menjadi lebih aman. Metode yang digunakan dalam penilisan ini adalah dengan metode kuantitatif / kepustakaan (library research) dengan data dukung buku, internet dan jurnal untuk pengumpulan data dan analisis data. Sehingga dengan adanya penulisan ini maka masyarakat diharapkan dapat memilih toko online yang nyata dengan barang dagangannya bukan penipuan dan segala resiko bisa dikomunikasikan kepada penjualnya. Di toko online resmi biasanya terdapat alamat toko online nya yang berisi data tracking sehingga bisa dilakukan retur jika terdapat cacat produk.
A 1-μW/MHz RC Oscillator With Three-Point Trimmed 2.1-ppm/°C and Single-Point Trimmed 8.7-ppm/°C Stability From40 °C to 95 °C

This article presents techniques to improve the frequency stability of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$RC$ </tex-math></inline-formula> oscillators by performing first- and second-order temperature compensation without needing resistors with opposite temperature coefficients (TCs). Using the proposed three-point digital trim, a prototype 100-MHz frequency-locked loop (FLL)-based <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$RC$ </tex-math></inline-formula> oscillator fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS process achieves an inaccuracy of ±140 ppm over −40 °C to 95 °C, 83-ppm/V voltage sensitivity, 1.3-ppm Allan deviation floor, and 1-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>/MHz power efficiency. When only a single-point trim is performed using a multiple linear regression model leveraging the strong correlation between three switched resistors, the frequency inaccuracy is ±587 ppm.
Human Umbilical Cord-Based Therapeutics: Stem Cells and Blood Derivatives for Female Reproductive Medicine

There are several conditions that lead to female infertility, where traditional or conventional treatments have limited efficacy. In these challenging scenarios, stem cell (SC) therapies have been investigated as alternative treatment strategies. Human umbilical cord (hUC) mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSC), along with their secreted paracrine factors, extracts, and biomolecules, have emerged as promising therapeutic alternatives in regenerative medicine, due to their remarkable potential to promote anti-inflammatory and regenerative processes more efficiently than other autologous treatments. Similarly, hUC blood derivatives, such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP), or isolated plasma elements, such as growth factors, have also demonstrated potential. This literature review aims to summarize the recent therapeutic advances based on hUC-MSCs, hUC blood, and/or other plasma derivatives (e.g., extracellular vesicles, hUC-PRP, and growth factors) in the context of female reproductive medicine. We present an in-depth analysis of the principal molecules mediating tissue regeneration, compiling the application of these therapies in preclinical and clinical studies, within the context of the human reproductive tract. Despite the recent advances in bioengineering strategies that sustain delivery and amplify the scope of the therapeutic benefits, further clinical trials are required prior to the wide implementation of these alternative therapies in reproductive medicine.
Broad area side emission LED for high power application

Larger chip size with higher injection current is used in high power and high brightness LEDs. Thermal management and good current spreading are critical issues in these high power applications, besides the requirement on higher internal and external quantum efficiency. The conventional top emitting configuration is not suitable because of the poor thermal conductivity of the sapphire substrate and poor light extraction efficiency. The substrate removal and flip-chip methods can provide much better heat dissipation but having concerns on the yield. In this paper, we reported a broad area side emission LEDs (BSLED) with a large length to width ratio of 5000um to 500um so as to have a comparable light emitting area with top/back emission LEDs in the same amount of GaN wafer area. Both top and backside of wafer are coated with metals as mirror reflectors and are attached to heat sinks for better heat dissipation. The L-I, I-V and polarization characteristics from fabricated BSLED showed it is more promising than conventional top emitting LED at the same size. The BSLED provides more flexibility in lighting device design and could be more suitable for certain application like LCD backlighting.
Time-Course of Redox Status, Redox-Related, and Mitochondrial-Dynamics-Related Gene Expression after an Acute Bout of Different Physical Exercise Protocols

We investigated the magnitude of exercise-induced changes in muscular bioenergetics, redox balance, mitochondrial function, and gene expression within 24 h after the exercise bouts performed with different intensities, durations, and execution modes (continuous or with intervals). Sixty-five male Swiss mice were divided into four groups: one control (n = 5) and three experimental groups (20 animals/group), submitted to a forced swimming bout with an additional load (% of animal weight): low-intensity continuous (LIC), high-intensity continuous (HIC), and high-intensity interval (HII). Five animals from each group were euthanized at 0 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h postexercise. Gastrocnemius muscle was removed to analyze the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis (Ppargc1a), fusion (Mfn2), fission (Dnm1L), and mitophagy (Park2), as well as inflammation (Nos2) and antioxidant defense (Nfe2l2, GPx1). Lipid peroxidation (TBARS), total peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and citrate synthase (CS) activity were also measured. Lactacidemia was measured from a blood sample obtained immediately postexercise. Lactacidemia was higher the higher the exercise intensity (LIC < HIC < HII), while the inverse was observed for TBARS levels. The CS activity was higher in the HII group than the other groups. The antioxidant activity was higher 24 h postexercise in all groups compared to the control and greater in the HII group than the LIC and HIC groups. The gene expression profile exhibited a particular profile for each exercise protocol, but with some similarities between the LIC and HII groups. Taken together, these results suggest that the intervals applied to high-intensity exercise seem to minimize the signs of oxidative damage and drive the mitochondrial dynamics to maintain the mitochondrial network, similar to low-intensity continuous exercise.
Temporal dynamics of the chicken mycobiome

The microbiome is an integral part of chicken health and can affect immunity, nutrient utilization, and performance. The role of bacterial microbiota members in host health is relatively well established, but less attention has been paid to fungal members of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) community. However, human studies indicate that fungi play a critical role in health. Here, we described fungal communities, or mycobiomes, in both the lumen and mucosa of the chicken ileum and cecum from hatch through 14 days of age. We also assessed the effects of delayed access to feed immediately post-hatch (PH) on mycobiome composition, as PH feed delay is commonly associated with poor health performance. Chicken mycobiomes in each of the populations were distinct and changed over time. All mycobiomes were dominated by Gibberella, but Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Sarocladium, Meyerozyma, and Penicillium were also abundant. Relative abundances of some taxa differed significantly over time. In the cecal and ileal lumens, Penicillium was present in extremely low quantities or absent during days one and two and then increased over time. Meyerozyma and Wickerhamomyces also increased over time in luminal sites. In contrast, several highly abundant unclassified fungi decreased after days one and two, highlighting the need for improved understanding of fungal gut biology. Mycobiomes from chicks fed during the first 2 days PH versus those not fed during the first 2 days did not significantly differ, except during days one and two. Similarities observed among mycobiomes of fed and unfed chicks at later timepoints suggest that delays in PH feeding do not have long lasting effects on mycobiome composition. Together, these results provide a foundation for future mycobiome studies, and suggest that negative health and production impacts of delayed feeding are not likely related to the development of fungal populations in the GIT.
Improvement of SiO2/Si Interface Properties Utilising Fluorine Ion Implantation and Drive-in Diffusion

Thermal drive-in diffusion of ion-implanted F atoms has been employed to fluorinate SiO2/Si interfaces and thereby improve their electrical properties. The interface state density can be lowered with little fixed charge generation. Correspondingly, pn-junction surface leakage current decreases. Furthermore, the interfaces can be hardened against hot-electrons due to Fowler-Nordheim current injection and avalanche current at the junction surface. As a result, a fluorinated MOSFET shows higher hot-carrier immunity. It is pointed out that there is an optimal F dose for these improvements to be achieved.
Analysis of a mixed finite‐element pair proposed for an atmospheric dynamical core

We present a numerical dispersion analysis for the P2 − P1DG finite‐element pair applied to the linear shallow‐water equations in one dimension. The aim is to provide insight into the numerical dispersion properties of the RT1 and BDFM1 finite‐element pairs in two dimensions, which have recently been proposed for horizontal discretisations of atmospheric dynamical cores with quasi‐uniform grids. This is achieved via analysis of a one‐dimensional RT1 element. Whilst these finite‐element pairs have been shown to have many desirable properties that extend properties of the C grid to non‐orthogonal quadrilateral and triangular grids, including stationary geostrophic modes on the f plane, and a 2:1 ratio of velocity to pressure degrees of freedom (a necessary condition for the absence of spurious mode branches), it is also important to have appropriately physical numerical wave propagation. In the absence of Coriolis force, we compute the group velocity for P2 − P1DG. We find that, as well as dropping to zero at the grid‐scale, which also occurs for the C‐grid finite‐difference method, the group velocity also drops to zero in a narrow band around kh = π which corresponds to eigenmodes with a wavelength close to two element widths. This is a potential problem because it increases the amount of wavenumber space that needs to be filtered. In this one‐dimensional case, we find that this particular issue can be removed by a small modification of the equations, namely partially lumping the mass matrix, in such a way that the other favourable properties of the scheme are not affected. We discuss various symmetric and asymmetric modifications of the mass matrix, and show that both such modifications preserve energy conservation (having modified the definition of discrete kinetic energy). Finally we illustrate our findings with numerical experiments, and discuss the potential to extend this modification to two‐dimensional schemes.
Superporous acrylic acid and HPMC hydrogels of mefenamic acid: Formulation, characterization and optimization by central composite design

The purpose of the study was to devise the superporous hydrogels (SPHs) of mefenamic acid (MA) to acquire the sustained action of the MA in the body. The superporous hydrogels of mefenamic acid were formulated by employing the gas blowing method. The central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was applied to optimize the effect of independent formulation factors like acrylic acid (AC), HPMC and glycerol (GLY) over dependent variables like porosity, viscosity, drug content and swelling ratio of superporous hydrogels in water, phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) and in 0.1N HCl (pH 1.2). A number of characteristics such as void fraction, surface morphology by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and in vitro drug release study were governed along with physico-chemical analysis by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and appraised statistically by employing the ANOVA. The comparative analgesic activity of optimized superporous hydrogel formulation SPH17 was also analyzed by using tail flick method. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Differential scanning calorimetry studies approved the physical compatibility between the polymers and the drug. The Scanning electron microscopy study specified micrographic insight about the structure of formed formulations comprising presence of pores, fibers and drug-hole aggregates. The superporous hydrogels were detected to be low dense as they expressed density lower than 0.75 g/cc. The decrease in concentration of the polymers and cross linker contributed towards the increase in the void fraction of the superporous hydrogel formulations. The optimized formulation SPH 17 exhibited a highly sustained release of MA for up to 10 h in the both 0.1 N HCl and phosphate buffer (66.6%) media. The non-fickian release of drug revealed the coupling of the diffusion and polymer relaxation mechanism of the drug release from the formulations. The obtained outcomes suggested that analgesic effect of SPH 17 was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that of simple suspension of mefenamic acid and total analgesic effect duration for superporous hydrogel was also doubled as compared to the duration of analgesic effect produced by drug suspension. The successfully formulated SPH with HPMC K100M as a gelling agent had sustained the action of the mefenamic acid (MF) by improving its poor solubility and permeability. The introduction of inter-penetrating polymeric network (acrylic acid) using glycerol as a cross linker impart increased residence time to superporous hydrogels which ultimately enhanced the feasibility of using superporous hydrogel as oral sustained release devices particularly for gastric retention.
Operator-based analytic theory of decoherence in NMR

The operator-based analytic description of polarization transfer in NMR spectroscopy is often fraught with difficulty due to (a) the dimension and (b) the non-commuting nature of the spin Hamiltonians. In this article, an analytic model is presented to elucidate the mechanism of polarization transfer between dilute spins I 1 and I 2 coupled to a reservoir of abundant S-spins (i.e. ) in the solid state. Specifically, the factors responsible for the decoherence observed in double cross-polarization (DCP) experiments are outlined in terms of operators via effective Floquet Hamiltonians. The interplay between the various anisotropic interactions is thoroughly investigated by comparing the simulations from the analytic theory with exact numerical methods. The analytical theory presents a framework for incorporating multi-spin effects within a reduced subspace spanned by spins I 1 and I 2. The simulation results from the analytic model comprising eight spins are in excellent agreement with the numerical methods and present an attractive tool for understanding the phenomenon of decoherence in NMR.
Research on Magnetotelluric Long-Duration Noise Reduction Based on Adaptive Sparse Representation

When magnetotelluric (MT) sounding data are measured in mining areas and urban areas, the useful signals are buried under the surrounding interference sources in the whole period, which completely covers up the useful signals, resulting in jump points and distortion of the response curves. Sparse representation uses atoms in a dictionary to process noisy signals. Based on the arbitrariness of the length of these dictionary atoms, they can effectively suppress noise even if the noise fills the entire observation period. We propose an improved sparse representation based on an adaptive dictionary, which can construct a dictionary according to the characteristics of the data itself (extracting the noise and the useful signals separately) and then automatically filter the noise atoms (which are regarded as noise) in the dictionary to suppress long-duration noise (noise lasts for a long time). For the synthetic data and the measured data, in a comparison with the common signal noise separation methods, the results indicate that the proposed method can more completely extract the profiles of the long-duration noise and greatly increase the signal-to-noise ratio. Moreover, for various noise sources, the proposed method indicates better improved performance, obtaining smoother and more reliable response results.
The morphology and function of the manual digits of a troodontid from the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning, China

ABSTRACT A well-preserved paravian manus was described from the Jehol Biota of western Liaoning, China. This specimen was inferred as an early-diverging troodontid and reveals new morphological details of the troodontid clade, such as both ends of phalanx II-1 and phalanx II-2 asymmetrical, phalanx II-1 and phalanx III-3 twisted medially, the ventral side of the distal end of phalanx II-2 flat, and the proximal articular surface of phalanx III-1 non-trochoid. The range of motion of this manus was examined based on the CT data of the bones, showing that the range of flexion of this troodontid manus is relatively large while the range of extension is relatively limited, which is consistent with the tendency of the decrease in the manual extension capabilities from early-diverging theropods to maniraptoriforms.
Long Optical Paths of Large Aperture

THE measurement of the vapor phase spectra T of compounds having high boiling points presents an experimental problem that may be solved either by heating the absorption cells or by making them very long. In the infra-red region radiation from the hot gases in heated cells decreases the accuracy of absorption measurements. If only a small amount of sample is available, the only possibility is to use an optical system in which the radiation goes back and forth through the same volume a large number of times. Several designs for such systems have been published recently1' 2 but none of them permits the use of large angular apertures at points off the optic axis. In this paper an absorption cell is described in which the light traverses a small volume a large and arbitrarily variable number of times, and in which the angular aperture of the mirrors is not occulted either on or off the optical axis. The design gives very high light transmission and can be used for observing spectra that are very weak, or that belong to high boiling point compounds or to compounds obtainable only in very low concentrations. It can be used for any liquids or gases that do not injure the mirror surfaces, with which they are directly in contact. The essential parts of the equipment are three spherical, concave mirrors that all have the same radius of curvature. These are set up as shown in Fig. 1 with two mirrors A and A' close together at one end of the absorption cell, and the third mirror B at the other end. The centers of curvature of A and A' are on the front surface of B, and the center of curvature of B is halfway between A and A'. This arrangement establishes a system of conjugate foci on the reflecting surfaces of the mirrors, by which all the light leaving any point on A is brought to a focus by B at the corresponding point on A', and all the light leaving this point on A' is focused back again to the
Development of Inhalable Chitosan-Coated Oxymatrine Liposomes to Alleviate RSV-Infected Mice

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is the most important cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants, neonates, and young children, even leading to hyperinflation and atelectasis. Oxymatrine (OMT), originating from natural herbs, possessed potential antivirus activity against influenza A virus, Coxsackie B3 virus, and RSV, whereas the absence of an in vivo study indicated the difficulties in overcoming the physiological obstacles. Since RSV basically replicated in lung tissue, in this study, we fabricated and characterized a chitosan (CS)-coated liposome with OMT loaded for the treatment of lethal RSV infection via inhalation. The results uncovered that OMT, as a hydrophilic drug, was liable to diffuse in the mucus layer and penetrate through the gas–blood barrier to enter systemic circulation quickly, which might restrict its inhibitory effect on RSV replication. The CS-coated liposome enhanced the distribution and retention of OMT in lung tissue without restriction from mucus, which contributed to the improved alleviative effect of OMT on lethal RSV-infected mice. Overall, this study provides a novel inhalation therapy for RSV infection, and the CS-coated liposome might be a potential inhalable nanocarrier for hydrophilic drugs to prevent pulmonary infections.