Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Grid-Based Object Tracking

Mobile robots require an accurate environment perception to plan intelligent maneuvers and avoid collisions. This thesis presents a novel multi sensor environment estimation strategy that fully combines tracking moving objects and mapping the static environment. The basic idea is to fuse and accumulate measurement data by a dynamic occupancy grid model, whereas moving objects are extracted subsequently based on that generic low-level grid representation. Overall, this work results in a robust and consistent estimation of arbitrary objects and obstacles, which is demonstrated in the context of autonomous driving in complex unstructured environments. Contents Notations VIII Abstract XI 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Motivation . 1 1.2 Challenges of Multi-Sensor Environment Perception . 2 1.3 Main Contribution and Outline of This Work . 8 2 Measurement Grid Representation and Fusion 13 2.1 Introduction . 13 2.1.1 Related Work . 13 2.1.2.
Preliminary Analysis of AASHO Road Test Rigid Pavement Data Using Modern Regression Techniques

The normality assumptions with random errors and constant variance were often violated while analyzing multilevel pavement performance data using conventional regression techniques. Because of its hierarchical data structure, multilevel data are often analyzed using Linear Mixed-Effects (LME) models. The exploratory analysis, statistical modeling, and the examination of model-fit of LME models are more complicated than those of standard multiple regressions. A systematic modeling approach using visual-graphical techniques and LME models was proposed and demonstrated using the original AASHO road test rigid pavement data. The basic modeling approach includes: selecting a preliminary mean structure, selecting a random structure, selecting a residual covariance structure, model reduction, and examining the model fit. A goodness of fit plot indicates that the preliminary LME model provides better explanation to the data.
Opioid receptors in GtoPdb v.2021.3

Opioid and opioid-like receptors are activated by a variety of endogenous peptides including [Met]enkephalin (met), [Leu]enkephalin (leu), β-endorphin (β-end), α-neodynorphin, dynorphin A (dynA), dynorphin B (dynB), big dynorphin (Big dyn), nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ); endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2 are also potential endogenous peptides. The Greek letter nomenclature for the opioid receptors, μ, δ and κ, is well established, and NC-IUPHAR considers this nomenclature appropriate, along with the symbols spelled out (mu, delta, and kappa), and the acronyms, MOP, DOP, and KOP. [121, 100, 91]. The human N/OFQ receptor, NOP, is considered 'opioid-related' rather than opioid because, while it exhibits a high degree of structural homology with the conventional opioid receptors [294], it displays a distinct pharmacology. Currently there are numerous clinically used drugs, such as morphine and many other opioid analgesics, as well as antagonists such as naloxone, however only for the μ receptor.
A 10:1 UNEQUAL GYSEL POWER DIVIDER USING A CAPACITIVE LOADED TRANSMISSION LINE

This paper proposes a 10 : 1 unequal Gysel power divider using a capacitive loaded transmission line (CLTL). For obtaining a high dividing ratio of divider, the CLTL is proposed to realize a low characteristic impedance line below 10›. A design method using a CLTL which consists of a small transmission line with shunt open stub at periodic intervals is newly suggested for power divider with the high power division ratio. For the validation of the CLTL power divider, the high dividing ratio of the fabricated Gysel divider is measured at a center frequency of 1GHz. The measured performances are in good agreements with simulation results.
Evaluating the role of Smartpilot® view assisted target-controlled infusion anesthesia during intracranial mass surgery: A comparative retrospective study with bispectral index-guided standard anesthesia

Corresponding Author Gozde Inan Gazi University School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Besevler, 06500, Ankara, Turkey E-mail: inangozde@yahoo.com � Ethics Committee Approval Ethics committee approval was obtained from Ethics Committee of Gazi University School of Medicine (Date: 08/01/2018 Decision No: 02) All procedures in this study involving human participants were performed in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. � Conflict of Interest No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. � Financial Disclosure The authors declared that this study has received no financial support. � Published 2021 September 20
Single-package integration of RF blocks for a 5 GHz WLAN application

Transceivers for future digital telecommunications applications (third generation cellular, wireless LAN) need to be portable (compact), battery-powered and wireless. Today's single-chip solutions for RF front-ends do not yield complete system integration. For example, they typically still need external components for impedance matching, for antenna switches, for power amplifiers and for RF bandpass filters (BPFs). Furthermore, problems of substrate coupling (either manifesting as analog crosstalk or as noise coupling from the digital part to the analog part on mixed-signal chip) become more important with increasing integration. A system-in-a-package (SiP) approach can address these problems. High quality components can be integrated in the package, avoiding lower quality on-chip passives or circumventing expensive chip technology adaptations. Virtually all external components can be integrated, as shown in this paper for the case of the bandpass filters and the impedance matching. Even the antenna is a candidate for integration in the package. Further, a clever chip partitioning can reduce the substrate coupling problem. Partitioning also allows using the best IC-technoiogy for each component. This paper reports on a fully integrated single-package RF prototype module for a 5 GHz WLAN receiver front-end, which is intended to demonstrate the concept of SiP integration. The approach, that is illustrated here with prototype RF blocks for a 5 GHz WLAN application, is implemented with a thin film multichip module (MCM-D) interconnect technology. This technology also allows the integration of high quality passive components. With these passives, low-loss filters can be implemented. The use of passives, filters and off-the-shelf, active, bare die components opens the way to successful system integration.
Loudspeaker distributions suitable for crosstalk cancellers robust to head rotation

Cheolsu Han , Takuma Okamoto1;3;, Yukio Iwaya1;2; and Yôiti Suzuki1;2; Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, 2–1–1, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980–8577 Japan Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, 6–3–09, Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980–8577 Japan Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 2–1–1, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980–8577 Japan
A New Broadband Microstrip-to-SIW Transition Using Parallel HMSIW

In this work, a new microstrip-to-substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) transition using the parallel half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) is proposed. The proposed transition consists of three sections : a microstrip, parallel HMSIWs, and an SIW. By inserting the parallel HMSIWs section between the microstrip section and the SIW section, the proposed transition can improve the return loss characteristics of the near cut-off frequency because the HMSIWs section has a lower cut-off frequency than the SIW section (8.6 GHz). The lower cut-off frequency is achieved through gradual electromagnetic field mode changes for a low reflection. The measured return loss is less than 20 dB in the of 9.1~16.28 GHz freqeuncy range for the back-to-back transition. The measured insertion loss is within 1.6 dB for the back-to-back transition. The proposed transition is expected to play an important role in wideband SIW
Surface acoustic wave sensors for high-temperature applications

Results of investigations of surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices working at high temperatures are presented in this paper. The considered substrate materials are lithium niobate (LiNbO/sub 3/), quartz and langasite (La/sub 3/Ga/sub 5/SiO/sub 14/). In addition, electrode materials and assembly, interconnect and packaging strategies are discussed or examined. Delay lines on LiNbO/sub 3/ had low SAW attenuation up to approx. 550/spl deg/C. The frequency response disappeared completely at about 800/spl deg/C. Delay lines on quartz had low SAW attenuation up to 500/spl deg/C, a temperature being significantly below the phase transition from /spl alpha/- to /spl beta/-quartz at 573/spl deg/C. Delay lines on La/sub 3/Ga/sub 5/SiO/sub 14/ withstand extreme temperatures: a SAW response was observed up to destruction of the packages used in these tests, however, resulted in a degradation of the device performance starting at about 600/spl deg/C. An identification (ID) tag on La/sub 3/Ga/sub 5/SiO/sub 14/, could be used as a wireless passive thermometer for measuring high temperatures in industrial process control applications.
Comparative Research on Edge Computing System

Edge computing transfers computing tasks from centralized management to the edge of the network, providing services nearby, reducing the amount of data transmission and ensuring data security. In order to study and apply edge computing system, this paper mainly discusses the background and current situation of edge computing. It introduces several typical edge computing systems, and compares them in the aspects of system characteristics, application fields and limitations, so as to help users understand edge computing system.
Design of an ultra-sensitive bimetallic anisotropic PCF SPR biosensor for liquid analytes sensing.

In this research work, an anisotropic photonic crystal fiber (PCF) biosensor working on a refractive index (RI) variation and based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is presented. Liquid analytes (LA) having a RI within the range of 1.340 to 1.380 RIU are investigated from the proposed biosensor. Spectroscopy analysis of LA having RI values of 1.340 RIU, 1.360 RIU, and 1.380 RIU is performed from the developed sensing setup for modeling an ultrasensitive biosensor. The numerical analysis of the sensing parameters for the proposed sensor presents a maximum wavelength sensitivity (WS) of 20000 nm/RIU for x- polarization (x - pol.) and 18000 nm/RIU for y- polarization (y - pol.), respectively, using the wavelength interrogation technique. Maximum amplitude sensitivity (AS) of 2158 RIU-1 and 3167 RIU-1 is obtained for x - pol. and y - pol., respectively, using the amplitude interrogation technique. Maximum sensor resolution (SR) of 5.00 × 10-6RIU and 5.55 × 10-6RIU is obtained for x - pol. and y - pol., respectively. The linear relationship of the resonant wavelength (RW) with the RI produces R2 = 0.9972 and R2 = 0.9978, corresponding to a degree (2) for x - pol. and y - pol., respectively. The figure of merit (FOM) for x - pol. and y - pol. are 93.45 RIU-1 and 105.88 RIU-1, respectively. The sensing parameters have obtained the maximum value for the LA having a RI value of 1.375 RIU.
Theoretical study of p-i-n photodetectors' power limitations from 2.5 to 60 GHz

In this paper, we present a theoretical study and a numerical simulation of various long wavelength top-illuminated p-i-n photodetectors in the frequency range of 2.5-60 GHz under high optical modulated power at 1.55-/spl mu/m wavelength. The modeling includes a monodimensional drift-diffusion model for the device and takes into account the external circuit. We considered six InP/GaInAs/InP photodetectors especially designed to work at 2.5, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 60 GHz, respectively. For the one with the highest frequency, we intentionally sacrificed the quantum efficiency in order to compare them at the end with the results already obtained in the case of waveguide p-i-n photodetectors. The results show the maximum microwave-output power for each photodetector at its specific working frequency. Additionally, we present the effects of the modulation depth, the back illumination, and the wavelength of 1.3 /spl mu/m.
A Community-level Test of General Strain Theory (GST) in Mexico

ABSTRACT This study explores the capacity of GST theory at the community level to explain differences in homicide rates across Mexico City neighborhoods. We find that higher levels of economic deprivation, population size, and organized crime activity, the latter being a source of strain leading to the deterioration of Mexican communities, are positively associated with homicide rates. However, neither crowding, residential mobility, nor Indian speaking population, the latter as a proxy of minority population, behave consistent with the theory. Interestingly, population density is consistently associated with homicide rates; however, in the opposite direction that is theorized. Furthermore, stable and statistically consistent relationships seem to have a negative quadratic functional form with homicide, meaning that the impact of these sources of strain will increase along the homicide rates distribution only up to a certain value.
Radon Transform Based on Waveform for AVO-Preserving Data Construction

The traditional hyperbolic Radon transform suffers from the major problem of how to both obtain a high resolution and preserve the amplitude variation with offset (AVO). In the Radon domain, high resolution (sparseness) is a valid criterion. However, if a sparse model is obtained in the Radon domain due to averaging along the offset direction, then it is not possible to preserve the AVO in the inversion data. In addition, hyperbolic Radon transform has a time-variant kernel based on a traditional iterative algorithm, the conjugate gradient (CG), which requires significant computation time. To solve these problems, we propose a Radon transform based on waveform that contains both cycle and amplitude characteristics of seismic waves. The new transform entails creating an upper envelope for the seismic data and computing a preliminary forward Radon transform in the time domain. The forward Radon transform incorporates a priori information by measuring the energy of each slowness (p) trace to obtain the high-resolution result of the Radon domain. For AVO preserving, the proposed method uses polynomials to describe the AVO characteristics in the inverse Radon transform based on the least-squares inversion. Besides amplitude preserving and high resolution, the proposed method avoids using CG and greatly reduces the cost of computing hyperbolic Radon transform in the time domain. In applications to both synthetic and field data, waveform Radon transform (WRT) has a better performance than the conjugate gradient Radon transform (CGRT).
Feature Level Fusion of Biometric Images Using Modified Clonal Selection Algorithm

In feature level fusion, biometric features must be combined such that each trait is combined so as to maintain feature-balance. To achieve this, Modified Clonal Selection Algorithm was employed for feature level fusion of Face, Iris and Fingerprints. Modified Clonal Selection Algorithm (MCSA) which is characterized by feature-balance maintenance capability and low computational complexity was developed and implemented for feature level fusion. The standard Tournament Selection Method (TSM) was modified by performing tournaments among neighbours rather than by random selection to reduce the between-group selection pressure associated with the standard TSM. Clonal Selection algorithm was formulated by incorporating the Modified Tournament Selection Method (MTSM) into its selection phase. Quantitative experimental results showed that the systems fused with MCSA has a higher recognition accuracy than those fused with CSA, also with a lower recognition time. Keywords: Biometrics, Feature level Fusion, Multibiometrics, Modified Clonal Selection Algorithm, Recognition Accuracy, Recognition Time.
Application of Two-Port Network in Bilateral Control for a Haptic Interface with Force-Position Compensation

The two-port network theory for describing the characteristics of the haptic interface is presented; the four-channel bilateral control architecture is introduced, and two control methods named position-error-based control and direct force reflection control (PEBC & DFRC) are also presented. Two main problems caused by the coupling between position and force information for transparency improvement of the haptic interface are also be discussed and a Model-Based Force-Position Compensation Strategy to enhance the transparency of the haptic interface is proposed. By embedding the compensation unit into the DFRC architecture, the Haptic Interface could be controlled with precise position and high-fidelity force feedback.
Mouse Drawer System (MDS): An automated payload for supporting rodent research on the international space station

Mice represent one of the most important animal models for biomedical research. For the scientific community, the ability of flying mice under weightless conditions in space offers many valuable advantages respect to other rodents. These advantages includes the option of testing a wide range of transgenic animals, the ability to increase the number of animals that can be flown, and reduced demands on shuttle resources (food, water, mass and air refreshment) and crew time (for water refill). In this study, we report the biocompatibility tests of the first European automated rodent spaceflight payload, the Mouse Drawer System (MDS), which is compatible to the configuration of space shuttle middeck and space station freedom express rack. Six mice were housed individually inside the MDS engineering model for 20 and 100 days. All mice survived, lost weight after the 20-day test, but gained weight after the 100-day test. No abnormality was detected by haematological analysis, or by necropsy. These tests showed that the payload meets NIH guideline for temperature, humidity, food and water access, air quality, odor and waste management; mechanical and electronic components of MDS can support animal experiments for at least 100 days. The payload is now ready to take off in the upcoming MDS space mission.
Quasi-static design technique for MM-wave micromachined filters with lumped elements and series stubs

This paper describes micromachined, membrane-supported low-pass and bandpass filters which are suitable for microwave and millimeter-wave (MM-wave) application. The designs are realized in coplanar-waveguide (CPW) form using short- and open-end series stubs with integrated metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors, and are compact in lateral and longitudinal dimensions. A computationally efficient analysis has been developed for the design and characterization of the filters. The technique is based on a quasi-static coupled-line (CL) treatment of the series stubs, and uses normal mode impedance parameters, which are calculated with the spectral-domain approach (SDA). Due to the broad TEM-bandwidth of the membrane-supported transmission lines, the method can accurately predict filter responses well into the rejection band. To demonstrate the above claims, the measured and simulated S-parameters of a 0.3 mm /spl times/2.2 mm low-pass filter with a cutoff frequency at 17 GHz, and a second passband at 115 GHz, are presented. The new approach is also used in the design of bandpass filters which exhibit 1.5-2-dB insertion loss and bandwidths around 10%.
A High-Level Architecture SimIVC for Simulating the Traffic Network

Recently, much effort has been devoted to advancing Connected Vehicle technology. It is foreseeable that vehicles operating in networks will come to characterize our everyday life in the near future. Nevertheless, it is not yet practical to conduct large-scale experiments in the field for researching Inter-Vehicle Communication (IVC) protocols and their effects on traffic. For this reason, IVC simulation is in high demand as a means for evaluating the performance and applicability of existing network protocols and their impact on traffic. To simulate both vehicular driving behavior and networking protocols with precision, a state-of-the-art simulator must be developed that is capable of both fine-grained traffic microscopic simulation and network simulation. We, therefore, developed a High-Level Architecture (HLA) simulator called SimIVC (Simulator for Inter-Vehicle Communication), composed of a traffic simulator, PTV VISSIM, and a network simulator, OMNeT++. A study was conducted to show the effectiveness of SimIVC. In the study, two network protocols (DSRC and Wi-Fi) were evaluated in a well-calibrated road simulation network developed using the HLA SimIVC.
Estimates of Uncertainty in Multi-Zone Air Leakage Measurements

Abstract Although standards for single-zone air leakage tests are widely used, there are no existing standards for several multi-zone cases including: 1) testing air leakage between adjacent zones or 2) testing leakage to the outside from a single unit in a multi-zone building. While a range of test procedures have been used to determine inter-zone leakage using fan-pressurization, the accuracy of the methods can vary significantly. Using field measurements and simulations, we compared the uncertainty in the leakage between two adjacent zones for different measurement and calculation methods. The most accurate method for determining leakage between two adjacent zones using a single blower door has 25% uncertainty and the most accurate two-door test has 16%. In multi-family housing buildings, air leakage from a single zone to the outside is often measured by pressurizing adjacent units to the same test pressure, i.e., a guarded test approach. We investigated how two common sources of uncertainty affect zone-to-outside leakage test results using the guarded zone test method: 1) pressure fluctuations in the different units, and 2) interconnected zones that are not pressurized during the test. While the uncertainty in leakage to outside due to pressure fluctuations and calibration error in guarded test results is relatively small (4–14%), leakage to interstitial zones may have a much more substantial impact (on the order of 30–100% of the leakage directly to the outdoors).
Dual-band plasmon-enhanced and bias-dependent responsivity in a flask-shaped Ge nanowire photodetector with Au grating

Special flask-shaped Au grating-Ge nanowire arrays are used to improve the performance of a Ge photodetector in the infrared optical communication band. The responsivity of the device with alternate Au grating-Ge nanowire arrays reaches as high as 0.75 and 0.62 A/W at 1310 and 1550 nm, respectively, indicating a nearly 100% increment compared to a device without a grating structure. This enhancement is attributed to the excitation of the surface plasmon polaritons, which simultaneously enhance the inter-band transition absorption and the internal photoemission of carriers. Moreover, the photoresponsivity of the dual-band plasmon-enhanced device is remarkably asymmetrical with regard to the voltage polarity, and the asymmetric ratios are about 4:1 and 3:1 at 1310 and 1550 nm, respectively. Band energy theory indicates that this bias-dependent responsivity originates from the asymmetrical distribution of hot electrons between the two electrodes and the mobility difference between electrons and holes in Ge. These results provide a valuable guideline for achieving a high performance dual-band near infrared photodetector, and the results demonstrate the potential of this approach for developing next-generation optoelectronic devices.