Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cross-reactive and mono-reactive SARS-CoV-2 CD4+ T cells in prepandemic and COVID-19 convalescent individuals

Class II tetramer reagents for eleven common DR alleles and a DP allele prevalent in the world population were used to identify SARS-CoV-2 CD4+ T cell epitopes. A total of 112, 28 and 42 epitopes specific for Spike, Membrane and Nucleocapsid, respectively, with defined HLA-restriction were identified. Direct ex vivo staining of PBMC with tetramer reagents was used to define immunodominant and subdominant T cell epitopes and estimate the frequencies of these T cells in SARS-CoV-2 exposed and naïve individuals. Majority of SARS-CoV-2 epitopes identified have <67% amino acid sequence identity with endemic coronaviruses and are unlikely to elicit high avidity cross-reactive T cell responses. Four SARS-CoV-2 Spike reactive epitopes, including a DPB1*04:01 restricted epitope, with ≥67% amino acid sequence identity to endemic coronavirus were identified. SARS-CoV-2 T cell lines for three of these epitopes elicited cross-reactive T cell responses to endemic cold viruses. An endemic coronavirus Spike T cell line showed cross-reactivity to the fourth SARS-CoV-2 epitope. Three of the Spike cross-reactive epitopes were subdominant epitopes, while the DPB1*04:01 restricted epitope was a dominant epitope. Frequency analyses showed Spike cross-reactive T cells as detected by tetramers were present at relatively low frequency in unexposed people and only contributed a small proportion of the overall Spike-specific CD4+ T cells in COVID-19 convalescent individuals. In total, these results suggested a very limited number of SARS-CoV-2 T cells as detected by tetramers are capable of recognizing ccCoV with relative high avidity and vice versa. The potentially supportive role of these high avidity cross-reactive T cells in protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 needs further studies.
Dietary Salt/Sodium Intake Through Consumption of Animal Origin Foodstuffs Available on the Serbian Market

Salt (sodium chloride) was the first and the best recognised food preservative, particularly for meat. The World Health Organization strongly recommends a reduction in sodium intake in adults to less than 2 g/day sodium (5 g/day salt) to reduce blood pressure and risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke and coronary heart disease, as well a reduction in sodium intake in children to control blood pressure. The goal of this paper was to investigate the salt content as labelled on foods of animal origin from the Serbian retail market. The study reviewed a total of 395 foods, of which 16 were meat preparations, 13 were fresh sausages, 31 were finely minced cooked sausages, 16 were coarsely minced cooked sausages, 39 were pates, 21 were canned meats (luncheon meat type), 10 were pasteurised ham, 26 were pasteurised smoked meat products, 20 were bacon, 8 were semi-dry fermented sausages, 57 were dry fermented sausages, 28 were dry meat, 15 were prepared meat meals, 18 were soft cheese, 36 were semi-hard cheese, 6 were meat soups, 17 were smoked salmon and 18 were sandwiches. The highest declared salt contents are labelled on thermally untreated meat products, i.e. dry meat, bacon, dry and semi-dry fermented sausages and smoked salmon. Pasteurised and sterilised meat products have lower salt contents declared on labels. It was concluded that meat products examined in this study are important sources of dietary salt, and that consumption of 100 g of these products can largely meet daily dietary requirements for salt/sodium. Due to that, it is necessary to reduce salt/sodium content in these foods by decreasing amounts of salt used during production and by using salt substitutes, such as salt with potassium.Keywords: salt, sodium, meat products, daily requirements.
Cardiac MyD88 Mediates Inflammatory Injury and Adverse Remodeling in Diabetes

Background: Hyperglycemia-associated inflammation contributes to adverse remodeling and fibrosis in diabetic heart. MyD88 is an adapter protein of many Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and is recruited to TLRs to initiate inflammatory signalling pathway in endotoxin-activated innate immunity. However, the role of MyD88 in diabetic cardiomyopathy is unknown. Methods: For genetic deficiency, cardiomyocyte-specific MyD88 knockout and littermate control mice were induced type 1 diabetes (T1D) by intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg/day streptozotocin for five days consecutive and then fed for 4 moths. For pharmacological inhibition, MyD88 inhibitor LM8 were administered daily for 8 weeks by oral gavage in T1D and T2D (db/db) mice. The effect of genetic and pharmacological inhibition MyD88 to myocardial injure which were induced by 33 mM glucose in vivo.Results: In this study, we first found that MyD88 expression was increased in cardiomyocytes of diabetic mouse hearts. Cardiomyocyte-specific MyD88 knockout protected mice against hyperglycemia-induced cardiac inflammation, injury, hypertrophy, and fibrosis in T1D model. In cultured cardiomyocytes, MyD88 inhibition either by siRNA or by small-molecular inhibitor LM8 markedly blocked TLR4-MyD88 complex formation, reduced pro-inflammatory MAPKs/NF-κB cascade activation and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine expression under high glucose condition. Moreover, pharmacologic inhibition of MyD88 by LM8 showed significantly anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertrophic and anti-fibrotic effects in the hearts of both T1D and T2D mice. These beneficial effects of MyD88 inhibition were correlated to the reduced activation of TLR4-MyD88-MAPKs/NF-κB signaling pathways in the hearts.Conclusion: Taken together, MyD88 in cardiomyocytes mediates diabetes-induced cardiac inflammatory injuries and genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of MyD88 shows significantly cardioprotective effects, indicating MyD88 as a potential therapeutic target for diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Understanding the Value of Green Event: A Case Study of Event’s Company

This paper attempts to bring forward the idea of organizing a green event. A case study was conducted at AOS Convention and Events Sdn. Bhd. which is one of event’s company in Kuala Lumpur. Based on active participative observation and semi-structure interview it found that AOS Convention and Events Sdn. Bhd. is very committed to practice green during an event. It also found that the event’s attendees who attended the event were very satisfied with the organizing of event by the event’s organizer. Future researcher is suggested to explore more on the value of organizing a green event. Keywords: Green event; Salue; Sustainable event eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6iSI4. 2920
Geometric Calibration and Image Quality Assessment of High Resolution Dual-Camera Satellite

The evaluation of geometric calibration accuracy of high resolution satellite images has been increasingly recognized in recent years. In order to evaluate geometric accuracy for dual-camera satellite images based on the ground control points (GCP), a rigorous geometric imaging model, which was based on the collinear equation of the probe directional angle and the optimized tri-axial attitude determination (TRIAD) algorithm, is presented. Two reliable test fields in Tianjin and Jinan (China) were utilized for geometric accuracy validation of Pakistan Remote Sensing Satellite-1. The experimental results demonstrate a certain deviation of the on-orbit calibration result from the initial design values of the calibration parameters. Therefore, on-orbit geometric calibration is necessary for optical satellite imagery. Within this research, the geometrical performances including positioning accuracy without/with GCP and band registration of the dual-camera satellite were analyzed in detail, and the results of geometric image quality are assessed and discussed. As a result, it is feasible and necessary to establish such a geometric calibration model to evaluate the geometric quality of dual-camera satellite.
Two-dimensional internal gravity wave beam instability. Linear theory and subcritical instability

The instability of propagating internal gravity waves (IGWs) is of long-standing interest in geophysical fluid dynamics since breaking IGWs exchange energy and momentum with the large-scale flow and hence they support the large-scale circulation. In this study a low-order IGW beam model is used to delineate both linear and so called non-modal transient instability. In the first part of the study, linear normal mode instability of a wave beam consisting of two finite-amplitude plane monochromatic IGWs with the same frequency and parallel wave vectors of different magnitude is investigated using the Galerkin method. It is concluded that the wave beam is linearly more unstable than its constituent plane waves, taken separately. The degree of instability increases with the separation of the constituent waves in the wave number space, that is, with the wave beam concentration in the physical space. The narrower a wave beam is, the more linearly unstable it is. In its turn, transient instability typically occurs for linearly stable flows or before linear instability can set in (subcritical instability) if the governing system matrix is non-normal. In the second part of the paper, first the non-normality of the linear system matrix of the wave beam model is examined by computing measures like the Henrici number, the pseudospectrum, and the range of the matrix. Subsequently, the robustness of the transient growth is studied when the initial condition for optimal growth is randomly perturbed. It is concluded that for full randomisation, in particular, shallow wave beams can show subcritical growth when entering a turbulent background field. Such growing and eventually breaking wave beams might add turbulence to existing background turbulence that originates from other sources of instability. However, the robustness of transient growth for wave beam perturbations depends strongly on the strength of randomisation of the initial conditions, the beam angle and the perturbation wavelength.
Co-Movements between Eu Ets and the Energy Markets: A Var-Dcc-Garch Approach

This paper analyzes the co-movements of prices of fossil fuels, energy stock markets and EU allowances. This analysis is conducted in order to identify the spillover effect of volatility and correlation among these financial markets, and to provide a scientific basis that shows the interest of incorporating sustainable assets in the design of minimum risk strategies of investment. To achieve this goal, we have used a Vector Autoregressive-Dynamic Conditional Correlation-Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (VAR-DCC-GARCH) model that also incorporates a stock index of industrial companies as a leading indicator of the level of economic activity. In addition, the paper conducts an impulse response analysis to determine how unexpected shocks to prices are propagated along time, and, in particular, how they affect prices of the others, both in mean, variance and correlation. Therefore, the results of this one- and two-dimensional analysis allow for the study of short and long run dynamics of the relationship among those prices, thus, providing greater meaning and information for investors, which has implications for building their portfolios. The analyzed period was from January 2010 to February 2021, so that the data include half of phase II, full phase III and the onset of phase IV of the EU ETS, as well as the COVID-19 outbreak in the European context. We also analyzed whether the EUA price impulses the demand of clean energy stocks, which has important implications for the objective of triggering the investment in clean energy. Our results show the transmission mechanism of all of those prices, which are relevant not only for investors but also for policymakers to construct an early-warning system, revealing the most important transmission channels. Moreover, from an investment viewpoint, we observe a decline in dirty energies and a rise in the clean energy market, which might be an indication of the progress towards the energy transition to renewables sources within a circular economy perspective. Therefore, this shows that the EU ETS is achieving its goals, and that clean energy companies, aligned with their role towards socially responsible initiatives, are also gaining acceptance in terms of investments, which would be beneficial for the environment.
Ecofriendly Water-Based Solution Processing: Preliminary Studies of Zn-ZrO2 Thin Films for Microelectronics Applications

This paper demonstrates the high yield and cost effectiveness of a simple and ecofriendly water-based solution processing, to produce Zinc-doped Zirconia (Zn-ZrO2) composite thin films, onto glass substrates, with excellent optical properties that make them of great interest for optical and microelectronics technologies. The effect of Zn variation (given as 10, 15, 20 at.%) on the crystallization, microstructure, and optical properties of ZrO2 film was examined. The addition of Zn did not restructure the ZrO2 lattice, as the results indicated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy revealed neither any mixed or individual phases; rather, all the films retained the amorphousness. Nonetheless, Zn did control the grain formation at the film surfaces, thereby changing the surface morphology. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) evidenced homogeneous, compact, crack-free, and dense films with surface roughness below 2 nm indicating smooth surfaces. The films were highly transparent (>80%) with tunable optical band gap Eg (5.21 to 4.66 eV) influenced by Zn dopant. Optical constants such as refractive index (n), extinction coefficient (k), and dielectric constant (ε) were obtained from spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), and a correlation was established with respect to the doping level. A high value of n > 2 value indicated high packing density in these films, and it decreased slightly from 2.98 to 2.60 (at 632 nm); whereas, optical losses were brought down with increasing Zn indicated by decreasing k values. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra showed UV emissions more pronounced than the blue emissions indicating good structural quality of all the films. Nonetheless, added defects from Zn had suppressed the PL emission. The technique presented in this work, thus, manifests as high performance and robust and has the potential comparable to the sophisticated counter techniques. Furthermore, the Zn-ZrO2 films are promising for a low-cost solution to processed microelectronics and optical technologies after reaching high performance targets with regards to the electrical properties.
Cardioversão Elétrica da Fibrilação Atrial na emergência: o panorama dos Novos Anticoagulantes Orais versus Anticoagulantes Antagonistas da Vitamina K

Objetivo: Contrastar o uso de Antagonistas de Vitamina K (AVK) versus os Novos Anticoagulantes Orais Diretos (NOAC) na Cardioversão Elétrica (CE) em pacientes portadores de Fibrilação Atrial (FA), no contexto da emergência. Revisão Bibliográfica: Pacientes com FA admitidos no Departamento de emergência possuem como atual tratamento o controle da frequência cardíaca com medicamentos, a cardioversão elétrica ou farmacológica, o uso de ablação por cateter e o controle das complicações tromboembólicas com o uso de anticoagulantes. Diante dessa circunstância, a CE é apropriada como forma de controle do ritmo sinusal agudo, sobretudo em pacientes hemodinamicamente instáveis. Todavia, tal procedimento ocasiona risco aumentado para eventos tromboembólicos, sendo imprescindível a administração de fármacos anticoagulantes previamente ao procedimento. À vista disso, realizou-se a comparação entre os AVKs e os NOACs como terapia principal para a cardioversão elétrica da fibrilação atrial na emergência, em que estes, a despeito de seu menor conhecimento, possuem vantagens pautadas nas melhores qualidade de vida do paciente e na elevada eficácia. Considerações finais: Apesar de resultados prósperos, a literatura científica demanda maior elucidação para instituir amplamente os NOACs como terapia preferencial para a cardioversão da fibrilação atrial.
Vinegar extraction from unripe shikuwasa (Citrus depressa L.), an Okinawan citrus fruit

Introduction. Nakamoto Seedless, a variety of shikuwasa (Citrus depressa L.) in Okinawa, can be used to produce vinegar extracts because it has no seeds causing bitter taste. However, Nakamono Seedless is hardly cultivated commercially in Okinawa. This research was aimed to develop vinegar extract from Ogimi Kugani, another major variety of shikuwasa, and compare its characteristics with those of extracts from Nakamoto Seedless. Study objects and methods. The study featured vinegar extracts from the whole shikuwasa of Nakamoto Seedless (20% fruit) and Ogimi Kunagi (5, 10, and 20% of fruit) varieties. The fruit was harvested in June, July, and August. We tested the samples for limonin and polymethoxyflavones content and sensory attributes, especially bitterness. Results and discussion. Vinegar extracts with 20% of Ogimi Kugani harvested in June and July tasted bitter compared to those from Nakamoto Seedless harvested in August, but extracts from Ogimi Kugani harvested in August were not bitter. In addition, 5 and 10% vinegar extracts from Ogimi Kugani harvested in June had lower bitterness. The vinegar extracts from both shikuwasa varieties contained polymethoxyflavones ‒ bioactive compounds ‒ and similar flavor. Conclusion. The whole shiluwasa fruit can be used to produce vinegar drinks, Ponzu soy sauce, salad dressings, etc.
Linking Lean Adoption and Implementation in Healthcare to National Cultures

Lean Healthcare (LHC) is a widely accepted approach to improve the quality of care around the world. This research compares two studies, which evaluated the adoption/implementation of LHC in Finland and Mexico, to understand how cultural similarities/differences influence LHC implementations. Data were gathered from previous questionnaire-based studies administered to healthcare professionals in both countries. Statistics (X2, p, and Wilcoxon tests) are used to compare both studies across topics related to adoption, introduction, integration, success, and barriers of LHC projects, and results are linked to cultural dimensions. Driven by economic savings, LHC has been more adopted in Finland than in Mexico (75/13%). Upon introduction, similarities are found in the way LHC projects are conducted, high project success rate, poor level of integration, and enabling/disabling factors. Conversely, differences were mainly found in the objectives of implementing LHC. These similarities/differences are linked to national factors involving culture, social structure, uncertainty management, time orientation, and indulgence level. In particular, uncertainty avoidance, equal rights’ structure, and a feminine culture are positive for implementing Lean. These findings can be a benchmark to evaluate cultural practices. Thus, this study provides insight into how national cultures relate to LHC and determined distinctive sociotechnical aspects that influence its adoption/implementation.
Detecting the Exploitation of Hardware Vulnerabilities using Electromagnetic Emanations

We present a cache attack monitoring methodology that leverages statistical machine learning models to detect n-day hardware attacks by analyzing the electromagnetic emanations of a device. Experimental results from a Raspberry Pi 4 hosting Linux and a Jetson TX2 development board running a Linux guest hosted by seL4 demonstrate that our approach can sense Spectre attacks with a concordance statistic of 97% and 95%.
Climate suitability for tourism in China in an era of climate change: a multiscale analysis using holiday climate index

ABSTRACT Climate change is increasingly influencing tourism policy and practice and there is a growing need to assess climate risk for destinations and the potential implications for global tourism demand patterns. Climate-dependent tourism markets, such as beach tourism, are particularly sensitive to changes in climate, and understanding the future redistribution of tourism climate resources remains a gap in many world leading tourism regions. This paper presents the first climate change assessment of tourism climate resources in China. The Holiday Climate Index:beach (HCI:beach) and Holiday Climate Index:urban (HCI:urban) are calculated for 775 climate stations across China for the 1981–2010 baseline and mid and late-twenty-first century using projections from six CMIP5 Global Climate Models under low and high emission futures. The projected geographic and seasonal redistribution of tourism climate resources are advantageous for many climate-limited destinations but pose high heat risks for some major city destinations. The differential results for the HCI:beach and HCI:urban reinforce the importance of utilising market-specific indices to assess future climate risk. The results provide new decision-relevant climate information for tourism managers and destination planners throughout China.
On the Mass and Magnetic Field of the Neutron Star in the Ultraluminous X-Ray Source NGC 300 ULX1

The accreting compact objects in most of ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are likely to be neutron stars rather than black holes as suggested by the recent detection of periodic pulsations from some of these sources located in neighboring galaxies and one ULX that has hitherto been discovered in our own galaxy. As a member of the ULX family, NGC 300 ULX1 is a new pulsating ULX (PULX) spinning up at substantially high rates compared with other PULXs. In this paper, the strength of the magnetic field on the surface of the neutron star is inferred from the energy of the cyclotron absorption line detected in the pulsed X-ray spectrum of NGC 300 ULX1 and the plausible ranges for the neutron-star mass and beaming fraction are estimated using the observed spin period and period derivative of the pulsar and the measured X-ray flux of the source. Our analysis favors proton cyclotron resonance scattering as a viable mechanism to account for both the observed cyclotron energy and high spin-up rates provided that the absorption line is generated close to the surface of the neutron star.
Rebuttal of Taylor and Barrón-Ortiz 2021 Rethinking the evidence for early horse domestication at Botai

Taylor and Barrón-Ortiz [1] present a reconsideration of the evidence for early horse husbandry in the Eneolithic Botai Culture of Northern Kazakhstan [2-4] . However, their critique misrepresents key methodologies applied in the original analyses [2] , demonstrates fundamental scientific misunderstanding of the stable isotopic evidence, omits key details about recent proteomic evidence [5] and underplays or ignores a raft of other evidential lines [4] . Additionally, the only primary evidence presented [1] , relating tooth wear patterns in North American wild horses, if correctly presented, adds more empirical weight to the conclusion that Botai-type wear patterns [2] are only seen in bitted animals.