Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Remaining useful life estimation of turbofan engines using adaptive fault detection learning

Failure prognostics have greatly enhanced the predictive maintenance of industrial systems by providing the remaining useful life (RUL) information, offering opportunities for high reliability, availability, maintainability and safety. To do so, historical monitoring data are injected into machine learning model to learn how to predict the RUL and then, in an online phase directly estimate the RUL of a new similar system. However, in case of multiple degradation trends representing multiple systems, it lead to different times of anomaly appearance and therefore various RUL values for learning. This situation makes difficult to train the predictor and use in this case an approximated unique RUL value. Hence, this paper proposes an adaptive anomaly detection methodology to identify the times of fault occurrence, and then assign the correct RUL values of each failure trajectory to the train the predictor. This methodology will facilitate the learning task for an accurate prediction of system RUL. The performance of the proposed methodology is highlighted using a long short-term memory (LSTM) network with the accelerated run to failure data of turbofan engines provided by the NASA to estimate the RUL.
Assessment of Healthcare-Associated Infections in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

Objective: In this study, we aimed to retrospectively investigate the frequency of healthcare-associated infections, infection sites, culture proven microorganisms and antibiotic resistance properties registered in the surveillance system, in our Pediatric Intensive Care Unit over the past five years. Material and Methods: The data of healthcare-associated infections detected in patients in our 12-bed pediatric intensive care unit, which are all third-level, were collected from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2016 retrospectively. Infection rate and density were made. Culture proven microorganisms and antibiotic resistance properties were recorded. Results: The data of 2545 patients who were followed in the pediatric intensive care unit during the study period were collected. Mortality rate was 9%. The total number of in patient days was 20.696. The median age of the patients was 3 years (min: 2 months, max: 18 years). The total number of patients with health care-associated infection was 60, the infection rate was 2.36 and infection density was 2.89. Laboratory-proven bloodstream infection was detected in 15 patients and the rate of infection was 0.59 and the density was 0.72. In seven patients, central venous catheter-related bloodstream infection was observed and the rate of infection was 0.27 and the density was 0.33. In nine patients, catheter-related urinary tract infection was detected and the rate of infection was 0.35 and the density was 0.43. Ventilatorassociated pneumonia was observed in 30 patients and the rate of infection was 1.18 and the density was 1.44. Isolated microorganisms were as follows: Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 17 cases, Acinetobacter baumannii in 14 cases, Klebsiella pneumoniae in 9 cases, Serratia Özet
Inhibitive Effects of Recent Exceeding Air Temperature Optima of Vegetation Productivity and Increasing Water Limitation on Photosynthesis Reversed Global Greening

Global terrestrial vegetation dynamics have been rapidly altered by climate change. A widespread vegetation greenness over a large part of the planet from the 1980s to early this century has been reported, whereas weakening of CO2 fertilization effects and increasing climate extremes and the adverse impact of increasing rate of warming and severity of drought on vegetation growth were also reported. Earth system models project that the land carbon sink will decrease in size in response to an increase in warming during this century. How global vegetation is changing during this century in response to global warming and water availability across spatial and temporal scales remains uncertain. Our understanding of the widespread vegetation greening or browning processes and identifying the biogeochemical mechanisms remain incomplete. Here we use multiple long‐term satellite leaf area index (LAI) records to investigate vegetation growth trends from 1982 to 2018. We find that the widespread increase of growing‐season integrated LAI (greening) since 1980s was reversed (p‐value < 0.05) around the year 2000 over 90% of the global vegetated area, and continued in only 10% of the global vegetated area. The reversal of greening trend was largely explained by the inhibitive effects of excessive optimal temperature on photosynthesis in most of the tropics and low latitudes, and by increasing water limitation (increasing in atmospheric vapor pressure deficit and decreasing in soil water availability) in the northern high latitudes (>45°N). Overall, the reversal of greening trend since 2000 weakened the negative feedback of carbon sequestration on the climatic system and should be considered in the strategies for climate warming mitigation and adaptation. Our findings of the diversity of processes that drive browning across bioclimatic‐zones and ecosystems and of how those driving processes are changing would enhance our ability to project global future vegetation change and its climatic and abiotic consequences.
Quasi-perfect state transfer in a bosonic dissipative network

In this paper we propose a scheme for quasi-perfect state transfer in a network of dissipative harmonic oscillators. We consider ideal sender and receiver oscillators connected by a chain of nonideal transmitter oscillators coupled by nearest-neighbour resonances. From the algebraic properties of the dynamical quantities describing the evolution of the network state, we derive a criterion, fixing the coupling strengths between all the oscillators, apart from their natural frequencies, enabling perfect state transfer in the particular case of ideal transmitter oscillators. Our criterion provides an easily manipulated formula enabling perfect state transfer in the special case where the network nonidealities are disregarded. We also extend such a criterion to dissipative networks where the fidelity of the transferred state decreases due to the loss mechanisms. To circumvent almost completely the adverse effect of decoherence, we propose a protocol to achieve quasi-perfect state transfer in nonideal networks. By adjusting the common frequency of the sender and the receiver oscillators to be out of resonance with that of the transmitters, we demonstrate that the sender's state tunnels to the receiver oscillator by virtually exciting the nonideal transmitter chain. This virtual process makes negligible the decay rate associated with the transmitter line at the expense of delaying the time interval for the state transfer process. Apart from our analytical results, numerical computations are presented to illustrate our protocol.
THE MEGAMASER COSMOLOGY PROJECT. II. THE ANGULAR-DIAMETER DISTANCE TO UGC 3789

The Megamaser Cosmology Project (MCP) aims to determine H0 by measuring angular-diameter distances to galaxies in the Hubble flow using observations of water vapor megamasers in the circumnuclear accretion disks of active galaxies. The technique is based only on geometry and determines H0 in one step, independent of standard candles and the extragalactic distance ladder. In Paper I, we presented a very long baseline interferometry map of the maser emission from the Seyfert 2 galaxy UGC 3789. The map reveals an edge-on, sub-parsec disk in Keplerian rotation, analogous to the megamaser disk in NGC 4258. Here, we present 3.2 years of monthly Green Bank Telescope observations of the megamaser disk in UGC 3789. We use these observations to measure the centripetal accelerations of both the systemic and high-velocity maser components. The measured accelerations suggest that maser emission lines near the systemic velocity originate on the front side of the accretion disk, primarily from segments of two narrow rings. Adopting a two-ring model for the systemic features, we determine the angular-diameter distance to UGC 3789 to be 49.9 ± 7.0 Mpc. This is the most accurate geometric distance to a galaxy in the Hubble flow yet obtained. Based on this distance, we determine H0 = 69 ± 11 km s−1 Mpc−1. We also measure the mass of the central black hole to be 1.09 × 107 M☉ ±14%. With additional observations, the uncertainty in the distance to this galaxy can be reduced to under 10%. Observations of megamaser disks in other galaxies will further reduce the uncertainty in H0 as measured by the MCP.
The Kuramoto model on power law graphs

The Kuramoto model (KM) of coupled phase oscillators on scale free graphs is analyzed in this work. The W-random graph model is used to define a convergent family of sparse graphs with power law degree distribution. For the KM on this family of graphs, we derive the mean field description of the system's dynamics in the limit as the size of the network tends to infinity. The mean field equation is used to study two problems: synchronization in the coupled system with randomly distributed intrinsic frequencies and existence and bifurcations of chimera states in the KM with repulsive coupling. The analysis of both problems highlights the role of the scale free network organization in shaping dynamics of the coupled system. The analytical results are complemented with the results of numerical simulations.
A Polyimide Film-Based Simple Force Plate for Measuring the Body Mass of Tiny Insects

Insects exhibit excellent maneuvers such as running and flying despite their small bodies; therefore, their locomotion mechanism is expected to provide a design guideline for micromachines. Numerical simulations have been performed to elucidate this mechanism, whereby it is important to develop a model that is physically identical to the target insect’s parts to reproduce kinematic dynamics. In particular, in flight, the shape and mass of wings, which flap at high frequencies, are significant parameters. However, small insects such as fruit flies have small, thin, and light wings; thus, their mass cannot be easily measured. In this study, we proposed a high-resolution and simple force plate to measure the mass of each part of a tiny insect. The device consists of a circular plate supported by flat spiral springs made of polyimide film, and a laser displacement meter that detects the displacement of the center of the plate. The simple plate fabrication process requires only a couple of minutes. A fabricated force plate with a sub-N/m spring constant achieved a resolution of less than 2 µg. As a demonstration, the wing mass of the fruit flies was measured. The experimental results suggest that the wings accounted for approximately 0.4% of the body mass.
Exploring a potential energy surface by machine learning for characterizing atomic transport

We propose a machine-learning method for evaluating the potential barrier governing atomic transport based on the preferential selection of dominant points for the atomic transport. The proposed method generates numerous random samples of the entire potential energy surface (PES) from a probabilistic Gaussian process model of the PES, which enables defining the likelihood of the dominant points. The robustness and efficiency of the method are demonstrated on a dozen model cases for proton diffusion in oxides, in comparison with a conventional nudge elastic band method.
Quenched dynamics of two-dimensional solitary waves and vortices in the Gross–Pitaevskii equation

We consider a two-dimensional (2D) counterpart of the experiment that led to the creation of quasi-1D bright solitons in Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) (2002 Nature 417 150–3). We start by identifying the fundamental state of the 2D Gross–Pitaevskii equation for repulsive interactions, with a harmonic-oscillator (HO) trap, and with or without an optical lattice (OL). Subsequently, we switch the sign of the interaction to induce interatomic attraction and monitor the ensuing dynamics. Regions of stable self-trapping and a catastrophic collapse of 2D fundamental states are identified in the parameter plane of the OL strength and BEC norm. The increase of the OL strength expands the persistence domain for the solitary waves to larger norms. For single-charged solitary vortices, in addition to the survival and collapse regimes, an intermediate one is identified, where the vortex resists the collapse but loses its structure, transforming into a single-hump state. The same setting may also be implemented in the context of optical solitons and vortices, using photonic-crystal fibers.
Efficient Computation of Electromagnetic Coupling From Various Types of Antennas Based on Reciprocity Theorem

In the design of complex electronic systems, such as electric vehicles, electromagnetic coupling between a specific component and an antenna should be quantitatively estimated according to the radiated emission (RE) and radiated immunity (RI) standards. However, full-wave electromagnetic simulations of complex systems and antennas in a large space take much time and effort. The decomposition method based on reciprocity and Huygens's principle, which enables the separate analysis of source and victim parts, has been previously proposed for efficient analysis of coupling to a lumped port of the victim antenna. In this article, the decomposition method along with the extraction of an S-parameter block is extended to handle the dominant transverse electric mode in a waveguide antenna. The proposed method removes the difficulty and uncertainty in the modeling process of a commercial waveguide antenna. Also, while applying the decomposition method, Huygens's principle is additionally applied to further reduce the full-wave simulation time of a large empty space. The proposed methods are validated with full-wave electromagnetic simulations, and also experimentally applied to RI estimation. The proposed time-efficient techniques can realize the full-wave computation of RE and RI for real complicated systems and commercial antennas.
Fabrication of Europium-Doped Barium Titanate/Polystyrene Polymer Nanocomposites Using Ultrasonication-Assisted Method: Structural and Optical Properties

In the current work, europium-doped barium titanate particles were used as filler material and polystyrene was used as a matrix to fabricate Ba1−3x/2EuxTiO3/PS polymer nanocomposites with x = 0, 0.005, 0.015 and 0.025. A solid-state reaction was used to synthesize filler particles and the solvent evaporation method was used to form polymer nanocomposites. The effects of ultrasonic treatment were also studied in the formation of nanocomposite materials. The quantitative and qualitative studies were conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) characterization techniques. The XRD data and FTIR data confirm the incorporation of filler particles in the polymer matrix. FE-SEM data confirms that the particles are in the nanophase. The optical band gap was directly affected by the filler particles and it started to reduce as Eu concentration started to increase.
Pulsation and mass loss across the H-R diagram: From OB stars to Cepheids to red supergiants

Abstract Both pulsation and mass loss are commonly observed in stars and are important ingredients for understanding stellar evolution and structure, especially for massive stars. There is a growing body of evidence that pulsation can also drive and enhance mass loss in massive stars and that pulsation-driven mass loss is important for stellar evolution. In this review, I will discuss recent advances in understanding pulsation-driven mass loss in massive main-sequence stars, classical Cepheids and red supergiants and present some challenges remaining.
Resistance or Capitulation? How Discrete Emotions Shape Citizens’ Interactions With the Administrative State

Public administration researchers have found that unfavorable state actions can trigger negative emotions in citizens, but the behavioral consequences of these emotions have been understudied. We draw on psychological insights to predict how discrete emotional responses to unfavorable interactions with the state (specifically: administrative decisions to deny access to public benefits) will predict citizens’ coping behaviors, such as whether they voice grievances, file complaints, and seek information. We test our hypotheses using a survey of applicants of a notoriously burdensome, means-tested tuition-free college program in Oklahoma, USA. In line with our theoretical framework, we find anger increases opposition behaviors in reaction to losses of access to the program, whereas shame reduces opposition among citizens. We also find that fear increases information-seeking and resistance behaviors. The results demonstrate the role of discrete emotions in predicting state-directed citizen behaviors, but also provide the groundwork for applying the discrete emotions framework to other actors, such as public managers and street-level bureaucrats.
SN 2005cs in M51 – II. Complete evolution in the optical and the near-infrared

We present the results of the one-year long observational campaign of the type II plateau SN 2005cs, which exploded in the nearby spiral galaxy M51 (the Whirlpool galaxy). This extensive data set makes SN 2005cs the best observed low-luminosity, ^(56)Ni-poor type II plateau event so far and one of the best core-collapse supernovae ever. The optical and near-infrared spectra show narrow P-Cygni lines characteristic of this SN family, which are indicative of a very low expansion velocity (about 1000 km s^(−1) ) of the ejected material. The optical light curves cover both the plateau phase and the late-time radioactive tail, until about 380 d after core-collapse. Numerous unfiltered observations obtained by amateur astronomers give us the rare opportunity to monitor the fast rise to maximum light, lasting about 2 d. In addition to optical observations, we also present near-infrared light curves that (together with already published ultraviolet observations) allow us to construct for the first time a reliable bolometric light curve for an object of this class. Finally, comparing the observed data with those derived from a semi-analytic model, we infer for SN 2005cs a ^(56)Ni mass of about 3 × 10^(−3) M⊙, a total ejected mass of 8–13 M⊙ and an explosion energy of about 3 × 10^(50) erg .
Dust-temperature of an isolated star-forming cloud: Herschel observations of the Bok globule CB244

We present Herschel observations of the isolated, low-mass star-forming Bok globule CB244. It contains two cold sources, a low-mass Class 0 protostar and a starless core, which is likely to be prestellar in nature, separated by 90 �� (∼18 000 AU). The Herschel data sample the peak of the Planck spectrum for these sources, and are therefore ideal for dust-temperature and column density modeling. With these data and a near-IR extinction map, the MIPS 70 μm mosaic, the SCUBA 850 μm map, and the IRAM 1.3 mm map, we model the dust-temperature and column density of CB 244 and present the first measured dust-temperature map of an entire starforming molecular cloud. We find that the column-averaged dust-temperature near the protostar is ∼17.7 K, while for the starless core it is ∼10.6 K, and that the effect of external heating causes the cloud dust-temperature to rise to ∼17 K where the hydrogen column density drops below 10 21 cm −2 . The total hydrogen mass of CB 244 (assuming a distance of 200 pc) is 15 ± 5 M� . The mass of the
Five new very low mass binaries

Laboratoire d’´Etudes Spatiales et d’Instrumentation Astrophysique, F-9 2195 Meudon Cedex, FranceReceivedAbstract.We report the discovery of companions to 5 nearby late M dwarfs (>M5), LHS1901, LHS4009, LHS6167,LP869-26 and WT460, and we conﬁrm that the recently discovered mid-T brown dwarf companion to SCR1845-6357 is physically bound to that star. These discoveries result from our adaptive optics survey of all M dwarfswithin 12 pc. The new companions have spectral types M5 to L1, and orbital separations between 1 and 10 AU.They add signiﬁcantly to the number of late M dwarfs binaries in the immediate solar neighbourhood, and willimprove the multiplicity statistics of late M dwarfs. The expected periods range from 3 to 130 years. Several pairsthus have good potential for accurate mass determination in this poorly sampled mass range.Key words. binaries: visual – stars: low mass, brown dwarfs – techniques: adaptive optics
Umbrella sampling: a powerful method to sample tails of distributions

We present the umbrella sampling (US) technique and show that it can be used to sample extremely low probability areas of the posterior distribution that may be required in statistical analyses of data. In this approach sampling of the target likelihood is split into sampling of multiple biased likelihoods confined within individual umbrella windows. We show that the US algorithm is efficient and highly parallel and that it can be easily used with other existing MCMC samplers. The method allows the user to capitalize on their intuition and define umbrella windows and increase sampling accuracy along specific directions in the parameter space. Alternatively, one can define umbrella windows using an approach similar to parallel tempering. We provide a public code that implements umbrella sampling as a standalone python package. We present a number of tests illustrating the power of the US method in sampling low probability areas of the posterior and show that this ability allows a considerably more robust sampling of multi-modal distributions compared to the standard sampling methods. We also present an application of the method in a real world example of deriving cosmological constraints using the supernova type Ia data. We show that umbrella sampling can sample the posterior accurately down to the $\approx 15\sigma$ credible region in the $\Omega_{\rm m}-\Omega_\Lambda$ plane, while for the same computational work the affine-invariant MCMC sampling implemented in the {\tt emcee} code samples the posterior reliably only to $\approx 3\sigma$.
THERMODYNAMICS AND CHARGING OF INTERSTELLAR IRON NANOPARTICLES

Interstellar iron in the form of metallic iron nanoparticles may constitute a component of the interstellar dust. We compute the stability of iron nanoparticles to sublimation in the interstellar radiation field, finding that iron clusters can persist down to a radius of ≃4.5 Å, and perhaps smaller. We employ laboratory data on small iron clusters to compute the photoelectric yields as a function of grain size and the resulting grain charge distribution in various interstellar environments, finding that iron nanoparticles can acquire negative charges, particularly in regions with high gas temperatures and ionization fractions. If ≳10% of the interstellar iron is in the form of ultrasmall iron clusters, the photoelectric heating rate from dust may be increased by up to tens of percent relative to dust models with only carbonaceous and silicate grains.
Cooling of a Mirror by Radiation Pressure

We describe an experiment in which a mirror is cooled by the radiation pressure of light. A high-finesse optical cavity with a mirror coated on a mechanical resonator is used as an optomechanical sensor of the Brownian motion of the mirror. A feedback mechanism controls this motion via the radiation pressure of a laser beam reflected on the mirror. We have observed either a cooling or a heating of the mirror, depending on the gain of the feedback loop.