Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AN ANALYSIS OF THE SHOCK STRENGTH NEEDED TO ACHIEVE DEFIBRILLATION IN A SIMPLIFIED MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF CARDIAC TISSUE

The pumping function of the heart is driven by an electrical wave traversing the cardiac muscle in a well-organized manner. Perturbations to this wave are referred to as arrhythmias. Such arrhythmias can, under unfortunate circumstances, turn into fibrillation, which is often lethal. The only known therapy for fibrillation is a strong electrical shock. This process, referred to as defibrillation, is routinely used in clinical practice. Despite the importance of this procedure and the fact that it is used frequently, the reasons for defibrillation’s effectiveness are not fully understood. For instance, theoretical estimates of the shock strength needed to defibrillate are much higher than what is actually used in practice. Several authors have pointed out that, in theoretical models, the strength of the shock can be decreased if the cardiac tissue is modeled as a heterogeneous substrate. In this paper, we address this issue using the bidomain model and the Courtemanche ionic model; we also consider a linear approximation of the Courtemanche model here. We present analytical considerations showing that for the linear model, the necessary shock strength needed to achieve defibrillation (defined in terms of a sufficiently strong change of the resting state) decreases as a function of an increasing perturbation of the intracellular conductivities. Qualitatively, these theoretical results compare well with computations based on the Courtemanche model. The analysis is based on an energy estimate of the difference between the linear solution of the bidomain system and the equilibrium solution. The estimate states that the difference between the linear solution and the equilibrium solution is bounded in terms of the shock strength. Since defibrillation can be defined in terms of a certain deviation from equilibrium, we use the energy estimate to derive a necessary condition for the shock strength.
Motor skill acquisition.

INTRODUCTION . 2 1 3 A GENERAL LAW O F MOTOR LEARNING. 2 1 5 Motor Learning a s a Power Law. 2 1 6 The Power Law-A Special Case of Motor Learning? 217 WHAT IS LEARNED WITH PRACTICE . 2 1 9 One-To-One Recall-Recognition Processes . 2 1 9 Schema Representation o f Action 221 Problems with Prescriptive Accounts of Motor Learning . 223 Motor Skill Acquisition as a Search Strategy 224 INFORMATION AND MOTOR SKILL ACQUISITION . 225 Information as a Prescription 226 Information as Feedback. 227 Information to Channel the Search . 231 CONCLUDING REMARKS . 233
Correction to “Thermal equation of state of lower‐mantle ferropericlase across the spin crossover”

[1] The paper “Thermal equation of state of lowermantle ferropericlase across the spin crossover” (Geophysical Research Letters, 38, L23308, doi:10.1029/2011GL049915) published incorrectly. The changes are detailed here. [2] Affiliation 1 should read as follows: Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA. [3] In paragraph 2, sentence 3, the words “influences on thermal equation of state. ” should read “influences the thermal equation of state. ”. [4] In paragraph 2, last sentence, the words “spin crossover phenomenon. ” should read “spin-crossover phenomenon. ”. [5] In paragraph 3, the chemical formula should read as follows: Fe, [(Mg0.75,Fe0.25)O], in a laser-heated. [6] In paragraph 5, the third citation should read as follows: [Fei et al., 2007b]. [7] In paragraph 7, sentence 1, the words “P-V data to derive the unit cell volume. ” should read “P-V data at 300 K to derive the unit cell volume. ”. [8] In paragraph 7, the value 74.44 should be 74.4. [9] In paragraph 7, the first set of citations should read as follows: [Jacobsen et al., 2002; Lin et al., 2005; Speziale et al., 2005, 2007; Fei et al., 2007a]. [10] In paragraph 7, sentence 3 should not contain a comma. [11] Equation (1) should read as follows: nLS = 1 1þ exp DG P;T ð Þ∗=T . [12] In paragraph 8, the termDG(P, T )* should not contain spaces between variables. [13] In paragraph 10, sentence 1, the words “spin crossover diagram. ” should read “spin-crossover diagram. ”. [14] In paragraph 10, last sentence, the text “this anomaly, together with the enhanced density across the spin crossover would have significant impacts. ” should read “this anomaly, together with the enhanced density across the spin crossover, would have significant impacts. ”. [15] In the caption of Figure 4, the words “black vertical ticks. ” should read “blue vertical ticks. ”. [16] In paragraph 11, sentence 3, the words “(2220-km depth) with. ” should read “(2220-km depth), with. ”. [17] In paragraph 11, the last sentence should read as follows: It remains to be seen if such reductions can be detected by seismic observations. [18] Paragraph 12 should be removed as it is a duplicate of paragraph 11. [19] In the Speziale et al. [2007] reference, the term (Mg, Fe)O should not contain spaces between the elements. [20] The full mailing address for authors J.-F. Lin, J. Liu, and Z. Mao is as follows: Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA. [21] The e-mail address for Z. Mao is as follows: zhumao@mail.utexas. edu.
Subgradient Methods

3 Convergence proof 4 3.1 Assumptions . 4 3.2 Some basic inequalities . 5 3.3 A bound on the suboptimality bound . 7 3.4 A stopping criterion . 8 3.5 Numerical example . 8
Duplex PCR for Simultaneous and Unambiguous Detection of Streptococcus iniae and Streptococcus agalactiae associated with Streptococcosis of Cultured Tilapia in Thailand

บทคดยอ โรคสเตรปโตคอคโคซสซงพบในปลานลเพาะเลยงในประเทศไทย เกดจากการตดเชอ สเตรปโตคอคคส อนเอและสเตรปโตคอคคสอกาแลคตเอ การวนจฉยแยกแยะระหวางเชอทงสองชนดนทำไดยากในทางปฏบตเนองจากอาการปวยของปลาทตดเชอรวมทงผลการทดสอบทางชวเคมนนมความคลายคลงกนมาก ดวยเหตนคณะผวจยจงไดพฒนาวธการตรวจวนจฉยดวยเทคนคปฏกรยาลกโซโพลเมอเรสแบบดเพลกซขน ซงเทคนคดงกลาวอาศยการเพมปรมาณของยนแลคเตทออกซเดส (lctO) และไรโบโซม (16s rRNA) ซงจำเพาะกบเชอ สเตรปโตคอคคส อนเอและสเตรปโตคอคคส อกาแลคตเอ ตามลำดบ จากผลการทดลองแสดงใหเหนวาความจำเพาะในการตรวจสงถง 100 % และสามารถตรวจวนจฉยแมมดเอนเอปรมาณเพยง 100 fg สำหรบปรมาณเชอตำทปนเปอนในตวอยางทนอยสดเทาทจะสามารถตรวจพบไดในตวอยางชนเนอ คอ 10 6 เซลลของเชอตอตวอยางหนงกรม จากผลการทดลองทงหมดแสดงใหเหนวาเทคนคปฏกรยาลกโซพอลเมอเรสแบบดเพลกซนนเปนวธการวนจฉยททำไดงาย รวดเรว มความไวและความจำเพาะสง เหมาะสำหรบนำมาประยกตใชในการตรวจหาสาเหตของโรคสเตรปโตคอคโคซสทพบในปลานลเพาะเลยงในประเทศไทย คำสำคญ : ปฏกรยาลกโซโพลเมอเรสแบบดเพลกซ, สเตรปโตคอคคส, อนเอ, สเตรปโตคอคคส, อกาแลคตเอ, ปลานล Abstract Warm-water streptococcosis outbreaks in Thai cultured tilapia are caused by Streptococcus iniae and S.agalactiae. However, distinguishing between these two species of streptococcus are very difficult due to their similarmicrobiological appearance and clinical signs of infected fish. In this study, we proposed a new duplex-PCR basedmethod for simultaneous detection of these pathogens. The duplex-PCR amplified partial lctO and 16s rRNA gene ofS. iniae and S. agalactiae at 870 bp and 220 bp, respectively. This technique gave 100% specificity while sensitivity ofreaction was 100 fg of each bacterial genomic DNA. Detection limit of duplex-PCR applicable to clinical specimens isalso evaluated as 106 bacterial cells per gram of fish tissue. This study suggested that this duplex-PCR based methodmight be a good candidate for easy, sensitive, specific and rapid detection of S. iniae and S. agalactiae associated withwarm-water streptococcosis of cultured tilapia in Thailand. Keywords : duplex PCR, Streptococcus iniae, Streptococcus agalactiae, Tilapia
Seismic risk prioritization of residential buildings in Istanbul

A large scale seismic risk prioritization study was conducted for medium‐rise, gravity‐designed reinforced concrete residential buildings in Istanbul. The implemented procedure was based on evaluating selected building parameters that could be easily observed or measured during a systematic sidewalk survey. The survey was actually conducted on approximately 100,000 buildings in the six subprovinces of Istanbul over the period 2004–2009 by a large team of trained surveyors. The collected data were processed to calculate a safety score for each building, which is in turn used for ranking the surveyed buildings with respect to their expected seismic performance under the calculated ground motion intensities produced for a scenario earthquake of M7.5 along the Marmara Sea Fault. The basic objective of this laborious study was to identify the buildings that would be likely to sustain severe damage or suffer collapse during the expected Istanbul earthquake. Accordingly, a rational risk reduction planning can be conducted for minimizing the life and property losses. This paper presents the methodology, results of field surveys and risks evaluated in 100,000 buildings. As a result, 52,000 buildings have been classified as ‘high risk’, that is, expected to sustain severe damage or collapse during the scenario event. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Who Framed Roger Rabbit

The partially animated movie, Who Framed Roger Rabbit, takes place in an alternate reality where cartoon characters and humans co-exist. It is a highly entertaining story about blackmail, corruption, murder and adultery set in Hollywood in 1947, during the rise of the automobile market. While it is a comedy, the film has larger messages for us to consider: corporate control and greed, environmental racism and global climate change. These themes are foreshadowed as Roger Rabbit opens with Detective Eddie Valiant (played by Bob Hoskins) hopping onto a Pacific Electric Company Trolley saying, “Who needs a car in L.A. We’ve got the best public transportation in the world. ” Valiant is hired by R.K. Maroon (actor Alan Tilvern), owner of Maroon Cartoon Studio, to investigate whether Jessica Rabbit (played by Kathleen Turner) is cheating on her husband, Maroon Cartoon Star, Roger Rabbit (actor Charles Fleischer). Maroon claims Roger Rabbit is costing him money because he is preoccupied with his wife’s alleged affair instead of focusing on the job. Valiant discovers Jessica, “playing patty cake” with Marvin Acme (played by Stubby Kaye), the owner of Acme Company and the community where all the cartoon characters live, Toontown. Soon after, Acme is murdered and all fingers point to Roger Rabbit. During his investigation, Valiant also discovers that Maroon wants to sell his company to the Cloverleaf Company, which has recently purchased the Pacific Electric Company that owns the trolleys. However, Cloverleaf CEO, Judge Doom (played by Christopher Lloyd), who we later discover is a cartoon in human disguise, will not buy Maroon Cartoon Studio unless he can also purchase the Acme Company. Maroon orders Jessica FILM REVIEW
Mean-field model of interacting quasilocalized excitations in glasses

Structural glasses feature quasilocalized excitations whose frequencies $\omega$ follow a universal density of states ${\cal D}(\omega)\! \sim\! \omega^4$. Yet, the underlying physics behind this universality is not fully understood. Here we study a mean-field model of quasilocalized excitations in glasses, viewed as groups of particles embedded inside an elastic medium and described collectively as anharmonic oscillators. The oscillators, whose harmonic stiffness is taken from a rather featureless probability distribution (of upper cutoff $\kappa_0$) in the absence of interactions, interact among themselves through random couplings (characterized by strength $J$) and with the surrounding elastic medium (an interaction characterized by a constant force $h$). We first show that the model gives rise to a gapless density of states ${\cal D}(\omega)\! =\! A_{\rm g}\,\omega^4$ for a broad range of model parameters, expressed in terms of the strength of stabilizing anharmonicity, which plays a decisive role in the model. Then -- using scaling theory and numerical simulations -- we provide a complete understanding of the non-universal prefactor $A_{\rm g}(h,J,\kappa_0)$, of the oscillators' interaction-induced mean square displacement and of an emerging characteristic frequency, all in terms of properly identified dimensionless quantities. In particular, we show that $A_{\rm g}(h,J,\kappa_0)$ is a nonmonotonic function of $J$ for a fixed $h$, varying predominantly exponentially with $-(\kappa_0 h^{2/3}\! /J^2)$ in the weak interactions (small $J$) regime -- reminiscent of recent observations in computer glasses -- and predominantly decaying as a power-law for larger $J$, in a regime where $h$ plays no role. We discuss the physical interpretation of the model and its possible relations to available observations in structural glasses, along with delineating some future research directions.
FACTORS INFLUENCING VIOLENCE EXPERIENCED BY MEDICAL STAFF IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE CENTERS, TAIF CITY.

Turki Adnan Kamal 1 , Abdulmajeed Ahmad Alsofiany 2 , Nemer Khidhran Husain Alghamdi 1 and Ali Eissa Hassan Al-Rajhi 3 . 1. Family and community medicine department, Military hospitals, Taif. 2. Family medicine-Public health, Ministry of Health, Taif. 3. Hospital administration, Psychiatric care center, Taif military hospitals; Saudi Arabia. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History
Emerging diagnostic methods and imaging modalities in cushing’s syndrome

Endogenous Cushing’s syndrome (CS) is a rare disease characterized by prolonged glucocorticoid excess. Timely diagnosis is critical to allow prompt treatment and limit long-term disease morbidity and risk for mortality. Traditional biochemical diagnostic modalities each have limitations and sensitivities and specificities that vary significantly with diagnostic cutoff values. Biochemical evaluation is particularly complex in patients whose hypercortisolemia fluctuates daily, often requiring repetition of tests to confirm or exclude disease, and when delineating CS from physiologic, nonneoplastic states of hypercortisolism. Lastly, traditional pituitary MRI may be negative in up to 60% of patients with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting pituitary adenomas (termed “Cushing’s disease” [CD]) whereas false positive pituitary MRI findings may exist in patients with ectopic ACTH secretion. Thus, differentiating CD from ectopic ACTH secretion may necessitate dynamic testing or even invasive procedures such as bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling. Newer methods may relieve some of the diagnostic uncertainty in CS, providing a more definitive diagnosis prior to subjecting patients to additional imaging or invasive procedures. For example, a novel method of cortisol measurement in patients with CS is scalp hair analysis, a non-invasive method yielding cortisol and cortisone values representing long-term glucocorticoid exposure of the past months. Hair cortisol and cortisone have both shown to differentiate between CS patients and controls with a high sensitivity and specificity. Moreover, advances in imaging techniques may enhance detection of ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas. While conventional pituitary MRI may fail to identify microadenomas in patients with CD, high-resolution 3T-MRI with 3D-spoiled gradient-echo sequence has thinner sections and superior soft-tissue contrast that can detect adenomas as small as 2 mm. Similarly, functional imaging may improve the identification of ACTH-secreting adenomas noninvasively; Gallium-68-tagged corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) combined with PET-CT can be used to detect CRH receptors, which are upregulated on corticotroph adenomas. This technique can delineate functionality of adenomas in patients with CD from patients with ectopic ACTH secretion and false positive pituitary lesions on MRI. Here, we review emerging methods and imaging modalities for the diagnosis of CS, discussing their diagnostic accuracy, strengths and limitations, and applicability to clinical practice.
Efficient Tracking of Mobile Objects in Globe

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Eventcasting with a wearable computer

Traditionally, interaction methods for wearable computers have focused on input to the computer itself, yet little has been done when it comes to allowing interaction with the surrounding environment. Pervasive computing, on the other hand, offers access to computational power from any place all the time, yet most interaction techniques utilize either physical hardware or monitoring of the user in order to receive input. This paper presents a novel form of interaction by which a wearable computer user can interact with and control a pervasive computing environment in a natural and intuitive manner. Using sensors, the user can be allowed to literally "throw" events into the environment as a way of interacting with devices and computers.
Design and Implementation of a Vascular Pattern Recognition System

Biometric technology is playing a vital role in the present day due to the rapid development of secure systems and home automation that have made our lives easier. But the question arises as to how far these systems are secure. With advances in hacking, the traditional username and password security protocol is not optimal for all security based systems. Though fingerprint identification systems provided a path-breaking solution, there are many methods to forge fingerprints. While other technologies like voice recognition, iris recognition, etc., co-exist, the security and safety of these technologies are also open to question. The major objective of this thesis is to provide enhanced security through a biometrics based embedded system using the technique of Vascular Pattern Recognition or Vein Pattern Recognition (VPR). Another objective is to enhance the vascular pattern image through various image processing techniques. Another target is to reduce the Comparison for Result (CFR) time by a significant factor. Finally, the aim is to implement this VPR based embedded system in a real time software environment. For the system we implemented, our experiments achieved a false accept rate of 0% and a false reject rate of 6.34%. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated in our research that the Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF) algorithm is faster than its predecessor algorithm Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT). The principal conclusion of the thesis is that a safe and secure system can be developed on a small scale with precise results. Given the resources, this system could be extended to a larger scale and customized for a wide range of applications.
FARIS: Fast and Memory-Efficient URL Filter by Domain Specific Machine

Uniform resource locator (URL) filtering is a fundamental technology for intrusion detection, HTTP proxies, content distribution networks, content-centric networks, and many other application areas. Some applications adopt URL filtering to protect user privacy from malicious or insecure websites. AdBlock Plus is an example of a URL-filtering application, which filters sites that intend to steal sensitive information. Unfortunately, AdBlock Plus is implemented inefficiently, resulting in a slow application that consumes much memory. Although it provides a domain-specific language (DSL) to represent URLs, it internally uses regular expressions and does not take advantage of the benefits of the DSL. In addition, the number of filter rules become large, which makes matters worse. In this paper, we propose the fast uniform resource identifier-specific filter, which is a domain-specific pseudo-machine for the DSL, to improve the performance of AdBlock Plus. Compared with a conventional implementation that internally adopts regular expressions, our proof-of-concept implementation is fast and small memory footprint.
Effects of Bariatric Surgery on Incidence of Obesity-Related Cancers: A Meta-Analysis

Background The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate possible relationships between bariatric surgery and incidence of obesity-related cancers. Obesity is an established risk factor for obesity-related cancers but the effects of bariatric surgery on incidence of obesity-related cancers are uncertain. Material/Methods We searched 4 electronic databases to identify eligible studies: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Five observational studies were eligible and included in this meta-analysis. Random-effects or fixed-effects odds ratio (OR) and its corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were pooled. Results Meta-analysis of these 5 observational studies revealed that bariatric surgery was associated with a significantly (p=0.0004) reduced incidence of obesity-related cancers (OR=0.43, 95%CI, 0.27–0.69) when compared with control individuals. Pooled estimated data showed that bariatric surgery is associated with a 24% lower colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. No publication bias was detected by Egger’s or Begg’s tests. Conclusions Although bariatric surgery may significantly reduce incidence of obesity-related cancers, considering the limitations of these included studies, these findings should be confirmed by further well-designed studies.
Running head: THE FOLK PERCEPTION OF JAPANESE EXPLETIVE NEGATION

Negative Polar Questions (NPQs) of the form kawai-ku-na-i? ‘isn’t it cute? ’ in Japanese optionally take expletive negation, meaning some speakers say kawai-ku-na-ku-na-i? ‘lit. isn’t it not cute? ’ to mean ‘isn’t it cute? ’. In the media, this NPQ with expletive negation is reported to be characteristic of younger speakers in Japan. The present study aims to verify this general sociolinguistic stereotype. Two perception tasks (perception questionnaire and matched guise task) confirm this general trend; older speakers perceive expletive NPQ-users to be younger than their own age group, and the younger student population believes they sound like their own age group; Japanese speakers truly perceive expletive negation in the NPQ context to be “young people language. ” A comprehension task, however, does not suggest that this is actually the dialect of younger speakers. When the negated NPQ (kawai-ku-na-ku-na-i? ‘lit. isn’t it not cute? ’) is put in a context in which the interpretation is ambiguous between an expletive one (‘isn’t it cute? ’) and a logical one (‘isn’t it not cute? ’), younger speakers do not have a preference for the expletive interpretation. In fact, it is the older group of speakers that prefer the expletive interpretation over the logical one. This study highlights how starkly inaccurate sociolinguistic stereotypes can be in speech communities.