Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Amyand David Buckingham. 28 January 1930—4 February 2021

David Buckingham was a chemical physicist and theoretical chemist who made fundamental contributions to the understanding of optical, electric and magnetic properties of molecules. Born in Australia, he was an undergraduate at the University of Sydney and the first PhD research student of John Pople (FRS 1961) at Cambridge, and there he made significant advances in the theory of intermolecular forces and nonlinear optics. He then moved to Oxford, where he and his group performed the first direct measurement of a molecular electric quadrupole moment. He was elected to the first chair of theoretical chemistry at the University of Bristol, where he wrote a particularly influential article on molecular moments, higher-order polarizabilities and intermolecular forces. His next appointment was at the University of Cambridge as the first holder of the 1968 Chair of Chemistry, and he was head of a distinguished department of theoretical chemistry for 28 years. With colleagues he pioneered experiment and theory on vibrational optical activity and developed a powerful model to predict the structures of weakly-bound molecules. A man of broad interests and achievements, he played first class cricket in the 1950s.
Handgrip strength and 2D : 4D in women: homogeneous samples challenge the (apparent) gender paradox

The length ratio between the second and the fourth digit (2D : 4D) is a retrospective, non-invasive biomarker for prenatal androgen exposure. It was found to be negatively correlated with handgrip strength (HGS) in men, but the evidence for women is mixed. Such studies in women call for increased detection sensitivity. The present study was designed to reduce potential confounding factors, especially age and ethnicity variation. We measured the digit ratios and HGS of 125 healthy women between 19 and 31 years of age from a remote region in Austria. 2D : 4D of both hands was significantly and negatively correlated with HGS (n = 125, right hand: r = –0.255, p = 0.002, left hand: r = –0.206, p = 0.011). Size, direction and significance of correlation coefficients remained stable when statistically controlling for age, body weight, body height, body mass index or hours of exercise per week. This yields theory-consistent evidence that HGS and 2D : 4D are clearly associated in women—when sufficiently reducing genetic variation (confounding 2D : 4D), the ontogenetic environment and age ranges (confounding HGS) in the study population. This finding implies similar organizing effects of prenatal androgens as in men, pointing to a more parsimonious developmental mechanism and a new look into its proximate and ultimate causes.
Forecasting Port Container Throughput with Deep Learning Approach

Due to the international transfer of manufacturing industry, the change of trade policy and frequent irregular events in the global trade, it becomes more difficult to predict port container throughput accurately. In order to improve the predictive accuracy, we develop a bidirectional long short-term memory network model to forecast the throughput. Using the data of port in Qingdao, this study investigates for the first time how to use the deep learning approach to predict port container throughput. The empirical results show that the proposed model can achieve highest average predictive accuracy, which indicates that the approach is effective in the increasingly complex trade situation.
Sales Demand Prediction Model of Gated Recurrent Unit Neural Network Based on Improved Shape Distance Loss Function

Under the background of diversification and refinement of chemical products, product demand prediction is playing a guiding role in production planning. In this paper, a new sales demand prediction model based on improved shape distance Loss function of Gated Recurrent Unit Neural Network (ISD_GRUNN) is proposed for the long-term prediction of the sales quantity of chemical products. The improved shape distance is determined by the change trend, amplitude and distance between the two points. Compared with MSE which only considers the difference between the corresponding time point sequence values as the loss function, the change trend and range of the time series will be taken into account in the improved shape distance as the loss function. The experimental results show that the improved shape distance as the loss function can be better used for sales long-term prediction.
A Review and Outlook for Relation Extraction

Relation extraction (RE) aims to identify and determine the specific relation between entity pairs from natural language texts. As a key technology of Natural Language Processing (NLP), RE has broad application prospects in the fields of information retrieval, knowledge graphs, and automatic question answering systems. From pattern matching to neural network, we have made a detailed review of supervised relation extraction methods. In this paper, we focus on the two challenges of current RE: Few-shot learning and dealing with more complex context. We also make a comparative analysis of the existing methods and summarize the technical difficulties. Finally, we look forward to the development of RE.
Research on Fuzzing Technology for JavaScript Engines

JavaScript engine is the core component of web browsers, whose security issues are one of the critical aspects of the overall Web Eco-Security. Fuzzing technology, as an efficient software testing approach, has been widely applied to detecting vulnerabilities in different JavaScript engines, which is a security research hotspot at present. Based on systematical dissection of existing fuzzing methods, this paper reviews the development and technical ideas of JavaScript Engine Fuzzing combined with taxonomy, proposes a general framework of JavaScript Engine Fuzzing and analyzes the key techniques involved. Finally, we discuss the core issues that restrict efficiency in current research and present an outlook on the future trends of JavaScript Engine Fuzzing.
Design of wideband six‐ and eight‐way Wilkinson planar power dividers using stepped impedance transformers

In this letter, the design of planar six‐way and eight‐way power dividers by interconnecting power dividers with two and three output ports is studied. Using this approach, equal ripples of input reflection (S11) within a wide pass band are obtained. The interconnecting lines are used as additional matching sections. The isolation resistors are selected to obtain the optimal output port matching and isolation performances. A prototype of compact, low loss, and wideband eight‐way power divider is designed, fabricated, and measured. The simulation and measurement results are in good agreement. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:189–192, 2016
Research and Analysis on Performance Improvement of Transmission Delay Caused by BTI Aging

In the field of the transmission delay of input buffer, the problem of delay caused by BTI (Bias Temperature Instability) aging is very concerned about to researchers. With the addition of a new generation of process design, the research of BTI has become the most critical mechanism. This paper mainly discusses the important breakthrough obtained by establishing aging model and standard logic unit after accurate estimation and comprehensive analysis. A typical example in this paper is using LTSPICE software to simulate and design in 32 nm CMOS process. Through the simulation results, it can be concluded that the transmission delay of Schmitt flip-flops which is input buffer in this design is significantly improved. Although affected by BTI aging, the transmission delay of 11 cascaded CMOS inverters is increased by about 30% and the delay is reduced by above half compared to before. The need of increasing reliability is optimized by combining with ALI and AHI technology, which reduces the transmission delay by about 35%.
An Improved Faster R-CNN for Railway Fastening System Detection

In the automatic railway anomaly inspection technology based on image processing and deep learning, an effective algorithm used for high-precision detection of the fastening system is very important, especially in turnout sections. It is challenging because the background of the turnout sections is complicated with various types of targets. This paper improved the Faster R-CNN model, used multi-scale feature map fusion for small targets. And modified predefined anchor to generate region proposals, added attention module to make the network focus on meaningful feature. Besides, this paper used cross-entropy function and SmoothL1 loss function for training and labeled 1200 image samples as dataset. Compared with the original Faster R-CNN model, the experimental results (AP) of the improved model in this paper increased from 96.3% to 98.9%, which effectively reduced the fault detection and missed detection and improved the accuracy of location.
Understanding User Responses towards a Measurement Model using the Rasch Analysis

In this paper, we propose the Rasch analysis for studying an existing measurement model towards a design. The user satisfaction measurement model (e-Learner Satisfaction (ELS) and Website User Satisfaction (WUS)) was used to show how to understand users' response patterns. A twenty four item questionnaire was adapted based on the user satisfaction measurement model and administered to 86 students. The user satisfaction responses towards the design of the On-line Discussion Site (ODS) in Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) e- learning portal were investigated. Step by step guidance is provided on how data was analyzed in understanding users responses towards the ODS design using the Rasch analysis. The findings from Rasch analysis will reveal the likelihood of user satisfaction with the ODS design. Thus the Rasch analysis was able to provide the most and least agreed items in a measurement model. Thereby system designers can easily identify items that need to be further improved in a design based on user's actual responses.
Synthesis and characterization of novel methacrylate copolymers having pendant piperonyl group: monomer reactivity ratio, thermal degradation kinetics, and biological activity

In this study, 2-{[(2H-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)methyl]amino}-2-oxoethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate (BMAOME) monomer was synthesized, and copolymers were prepared with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). Structural characterizations of the compounds were performed using FTIR, 1H-, and 13C-NMR techniques. Monomer reactivity ratio values were calculated by Finemann–Ross (FR) and Kelen–Tudos (KT) methods. The Tg value of the polymers was determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and their thermal stability was determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The molecular weights (w and n) and polydispersity index of the polymers were determined by gel permeation chromatography. The Ea value of thermal decomposition was determined by using the Ozawa and Kissinger methods. The photo-stability of the copolymers was investigated. Furthermore, the photo-stability of the copolymers and the biological activity of polymers against different types of bacteria and fungi were investigated.
A "CLOSED LOOP" SYSTEM FOR THE REALTIME CONTROL OF SOLDER PASTE STENCIL PRINTING

The move towards fine and ultrafine pitch components in surface mount Printed Wiring Board (PWB) assembly has increased the importance of the solder paste printing process. The quality of the solder paste deposit is influenced by factors such as the characteristics of the board, the solder paste selected, the printer used, etc. These inter-related process and material factors complicate the procedures and the reasoning used to identify and set-up the stencil printing parameters. The increased use of ultrafine pitch components (with lead pitch down to 0.4 mm) in PWB assembly has almost made it mandatory to inspect the solder paste deposit prior to component placement. This inspection process provides the necessary information to correct the printing process in a realtime fashion if printing is out of control or is exhibiting a tendency to go out of control. This research designed and developed a "closed-loop" system for realtime control of the solder paste stencil printing process. This knowledge based process control system interfaces with a stencil printer and a laser based solder paste inspection system to form the "closed-loop". This "closed loop" realtime system insures both proactive and reactive control of the stencil printing process.
Viscoelastic and mechanical properties of CNT-reinforced polymer-based hybrid composite materials using hygrothermal creep

In the present work, a combination of experimental and numerical procedure is proposed to study the effects of different hygrothermal conditions on the creep strain, viscoelastic properties of nanocomposites, and mechanical properties of such nanocomposite-based carbon fiber–reinforced polymer (CFRP) hybrid composite materials. Ultrasonic probe sonicator is used to randomly disperse the multiwalled carbon nanotubes into an epoxy to minimize agglomerations. Dynamic mechanical analysis is employed to conduct the creep tests under different hygrothermal conditions of such nanocomposite samples. The Findley power law is used to obtain the long-term creep behavior of nanocomposite materials. Prony series is used to determine the viscoelastic properties of nanocomposite material in the frequency domain. Coefficient of moisture expansion (CME) is independent of moisture concentration; thus, CME of the nanocomposite is also determined. Strength of materials and Saravanos–Chamis micromechanics (SCM) have also been utilized to obtain the mechanical properties of such hybrid composite materials under different hygrothermal conditions. It has been found that the inclusion of multiwalled carbon nanotubes in the nanocomposite and hybrid composites improves storage modulus and loss factor (i.e., tanδ) compared to the conventional CFRP-based composite materials under hygrothermal conditions.
Improvement of technological properties of wood plastic composites reinforced with glass and carbon fibre fabric

In this study, HDPE-based flat-pressed WPCs were reinforced with glass fibre and carbon fibre woven fabrics, which could be used where high strength and stiffness are required. The effect of reinforcement on some physical, mechanical, and thermal properties and fire performance was investigated. According to the results, the increase in woven fabric density resulted in holding much water in the microvoids in the fabric, which increased water absorption up to 32.96%. Reinforcement also resulted in increased hardness. In general, continuous filaments in the fabric significantly increased mechanical properties. The improvement exceeded over 400% for tensile strength compared to unreinforced control samples, while the increases were 129% and 115% for the flexural strength and MOE, respectively. The interlocking of matrix and woven fabrics is an important factor that affects load transfer. The strong interaction between wood-polymer and the wood-polymer-woven fabric was observed from the SEM investigation. The thermal stability of composites was also improved, possibly due to the homogeneous distribution of heat within fibres. Glass and carbon fibres presumably acted as a buffer against increasing heat, increasing the onset temperature. Moreover, according to the LOI test, the need for oxygen increased from 24.72 to 26.01 with the effect of wood flour and reinforcement.
Metabolite Profiling of Peltophorum africanum Sond. & Saraca indica L. Leaves via HR-UPLC/PDA/ESI/MS Analysis and Assessment of their Anti-Diabetic Potential

Abstract This study aimed to screen different extracts (E) such as total ethanol (TE), petroleum ether (PE) chloroform (CH), ethyl acetate (EA) and methanol (AM) extracts of Peltophorum africanum Sond. (PA) and Saraca indica L. (SI) leaves (family fabaceae) for their in-vitro antidiabetic activity using α-amylase inhibition assay. The extracts that showed remarkable in vitro activity were further subjected to in vivo anti-diabetic assessment using streptozotocin-induced diabetes model in experimental animals where serum glucose, C-peptide, liver glycogen content in addition to lipid peroxide level in both serum and liver were estimated biochemically in normal and diseased rats. The average percent of weight change and kidney to body weight ratio percent were calculated for all animal groups. Histopathological examination of pancreas, liver and kidney sections isolated from all animals was carried out. UPLC/MS/MS analysis of TEE of PA and SI for chemical investigation was performed. Results of the in vitro anti diabetic activity revealed that EAE, PEE& TEE of PA and TEE & EAE of SI possessed the highest inhibitory activity as compared to acarbose. In vivo antidiabetic activity of the selected extracts revealed that animal groups treated daily with EAE of PA and SI exhibited a significant improvement in carbohydrate metabolism and lipid peroxide level, with superior effect in comparison with that of TEE and PEE of both plants. Histopathological findings showed marked protection particularly in sections isolated from animals treated with EAE of PA. UPLC/MS/MS analysis of TEE of both plants identified 46 metabolites belonging to various classes. It could be suggested that active extracts of both plants could be considered as potential natural antioxidant and anti-diabetic agents.
Quantifying the Invasive Secondary Metabolome

Invasive plants drive ecosystem degradation through developing aggressive phenotypes that can outcompete native flora. Several hypotheses explain this, like the Evolution of Increased Competitive Ability hypothesis and the Novel Weapons Hypothesis, but none have been proven conclusively. Changes in plant metabolites are critical to these hypotheses, but complete invasive secondary metabolomes have not been quantified. Here, statistical and unsupervised machine-learning approaches were used to analyse chemotype-to-phenotype relationships in invasive and non-invasive populations in species Ageratum conyzoides, Lantana camara, Melaleuca quinquenervia and Psidium cattleainum and on a family level analysing Asteraceae, Myrtaceae and Verbenaceae. Invasive metabolomes evolved according to the EICA and NWH, involving optimisation of aggressive strategies present in native populations and local adaptation.
Intraspecific variation in migration timing of green sturgeon in the Sacramento River system

Background Understanding movement patterns of anadromous fishes is critical to conservation management of declining wild populations and preservation of habitats. Yet, infrequent observations of individual animals fundamentally constrain accurate descriptions of movement dynamics. Methods In this study, we synthesized over a decade (2006–2018) of acoustic telemetry tracking observations of green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris) in the Sacramento River system to describe major anadromous movement patterns. Results We observed that green sturgeon exhibited a unimodal in-migration during the spring months but had a bimodal distribution of out-migration timing, split between an ‘early’ out-migration (32%) group during May - June, or alternatively, holding in the river until a ‘late’ out-migration (68%), November - January. Focusing on these out-migration groups, we found that river discharge, but not water temperature, may cue the timing of migration, and that fish showed a tendency to maintain out-migration timing between subsequent spawning migration events. Conclusions We recommend that life history descriptions of green sturgeon in this region reflect the distinct out-migration periods described here. Furthermore, we encourage the continued use of biotelemetry to describe migration timing and life history variation, not only this population but other green sturgeon populations and other species.
International Conferences of Bibliometrics

Conferences are deeply connected to research fields, in this case bibliometrics. As such, they are a venue to present and discuss current and innovative research, and play an important role for the scholarly community. In this article, we provide an overview on the history of conferences in bibliometrics. We conduct an analysis to list the most prominent conferences that were announced in the newsletter by ISSI, the International Society for Scientometrics and Informetrics. Furthermore, we describe how conferences are connected to learned societies and journals. Finally, we provide an outlook on how conferences might change in future.
Basic Characteristics and Effective Control ofGangue Piles in Mining Areas: A Case Study

Discharged gangues are stockpiled on the surface and are characteristic of mining areas. The rejected materials are an environmental risk. The definition of effective methods to control and prevent pollution caused by gangue piles has become a relevant research topic. The present research will characterise gangue pile origins and their physico-chemical features. According to their physico-chemical characteristics, the effect of gangue piles on the environment in a mining area was analysed. Thereafter, the method of backfill mining was proposed as an effective method for gangue pile control and prevention. The backfill and control effects were investigated and results showed that gangue backfill mining bestowed significant economic and environmental benefits. Using this method, 160,000 t of gangues have been dealt resulting in a reduction of land occupied by 5,200 ha and land degradation covering some 29,600 ha. Gangue piles and their associated pollution have been effectively controlled with ensuing environmental benefits in mining areas.
Research progress on Fabry-Perot resonator antenna

The Fabry-Perot resonator (FPR) antenna has found wide applications in microwave and millimeter waves and recently attracted considerable interest. In this paper, a summary of planar and cylindrical structures, analytic models and research development is presented, and a comparison between these structures and analytic models is made, showing that such analytic models as the FP cavity mode, electromagnetic band gap (EBG) defect mode, transmission line mode, and leaky-wave mode are consistent when applied to analyze this type of resonator antenna. Some interesting topics under recent research, including dual or multi-band, improvement of gain bandwidth, low profile and beam control, are surveyed.