Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
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We demonstrate improved terahertz (THz) modulation using thermally crystallized germanium telluride (GeTe) thin ﬁlms. GeTe is a chalcogenide material that exhibits a nonvolatile, amorphous to crystalline phase change at approximately 200 (cid:2) C, as well as six orders of magnitude decreased electrical resistivity. In this study, amorphous GeTe thin ﬁlms were sputtered on sapphire substrates and then tested using THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). The test samples, heated in-situ while collecting THz-TDS measurements, exhibited a gradual absorbance increase, an abrupt nonvolatile reduction at the transition temperature, followed by another gradual increase in absorbance. The transition temperature was veriﬁed by conducting similar thermal tests while monitoring electrical resistivity. THz transmittance modulation data were investigated between 10 and 110 cm (cid:3) 1 (0.3–3.3 THz). A peak modulation of approximately 99% was achieved at 2.3 THz with a 100 nm GeTe ﬁlm on a sapphire substrate. After isolating the sapphire and the crystalline GeTe ( c-GeTe) absorbance contributions, the results showed THz modulations ranging from 88.5% to 91.5% that were attributed solely to the single layer of transitioned c-GeTe. These results strongly motivate using GeTe or other chalcogenide thin ﬁlms in THz modulators, ﬁlters, and metamaterial applications. V C 2015 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported
A near-IR spectroscopic survey of massive jets towards EGOs

We aim at deriving the main physical properties of massive jets from near-IR observations, comparing them to those of a large sample of jets from low-mass YSOs, and relating them to the main features of their driving sources. We present a NIR imaging (H2 and Ks) and low-resolution spectroscopic (0.95-2.50 um) survey of 18 massive jets towards GLIMPSE extended green objects, driven by intermediate- and high-mass YSOs, which have Lbol between 4x10^2 and 10^5 Lsun. As in low-mass jets, H2 is the primary NIR coolant, detected in all the analysed flows, whereas the most important ionic tracer is [FeII], detected in half of the sampled jets. Our analysis indicates that the emission lines originate from shocks at high temperatures and densities. No fluorescent emission is detected along the flows, regardless of the source Lbol. On average, the physical parameters of these massive jets (i.e. Av, temperature, column density, mass, and luminosity) have higher values than those measured in their low-mass counterparts. The morphology of the H2 flows is varied, mostly depending on the complex, dynamic, and inhomogeneous environment in which these massive jets form and propagate. All flows and jets in our sample are collimated, showing large precession angles. Additionally, the presence of both knots and jets suggests that the ejection process is continuous with burst episodes, as in low-mass YSOs. We compare the flow H2 luminosity with the source Lbol confirming the tight correlation between these two quantities. Five sources, however, display a lower L(H2)/Lbol efficiency, which might be related to YSO evolution. Most important, the inferred L(H2) vs Lbol relationship agrees well with the correlation between the momentum flux of the CO outflows and the bolometric luminosities of high-mass YSOs indicating that outflows from high-mass YSOs are momentum driven, as are their low-mass counterparts.
Management of Congenital Heart Disease: State of the Art—Part II—Cyanotic Heart Defects

In this review management of the most common cyanotic congenital heart defects (CHDs) was discussed; the management of acyanotic CHD was reviewed in Part I of this series. While the need for intervention in acyanotic CHD is by and large determined by the severity of the lesion, most cyanotic CHDs require intervention, mostly by surgery. Different types of tetralogy of Fallot require different types of total surgical corrective procedures, and some may require initial palliation, mainly by modified Blalock–Taussig shunts. Babies with transposition of the great arteries with an intact ventricular septum as well as those with ventricular septal defects (VSD) need an arterial switch (Jatene) procedure while those with both VSD and pulmonary stenosis should be addressed by Rastelli procedure. These procedures may need to be preceded by prostaglandin infusion and/or balloon atrial septostomy in some babies. Infants with tricuspid atresia require initial palliation either with a modified Blalock–Taussig shunt or banding of the pulmonary artery and subsequent staged Fontan (bidirectional Glenn and fenestrated Fontan with extra-cardiac conduit). Neonates with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection are managed by anastomosis of the common pulmonary vein with the left atrium either electively in non-obstructed types or as an emergency procedure in the obstructed types. Babies with truncus arteriosus are treated by surgical closure of VSD along with right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit. The other defects, namely, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum, double-outlet right ventricle, double-inlet left ventricle and univentricular hearts largely require multistage surgical correction. The currently existing medical, trans-catheter and surgical techniques to manage cyanotic CHD are safe and effective and can be performed at a relatively low risk.
Longitudinal Change of PTSD Symptoms in Community Members after the World Trade Center Destruction

The World Trade Center (WTC) Environmental Health Center (EHC) is a treatment program for community members with exposure to the 9/11 terrorist attack and its physical and emotional aftermath. Compared to the general responders program, the WTC EHC is diverse with equal gender distribution, representation of many races and ethnicities, and a wide range of social economic status. Patients in the WTC EHC were initially enrolled for physical symptoms, most of which were respiratory, however a large portion of the enrollees scored positive for probable posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In this paper we identify patient characteristics associated with probable PTSD. We also determine the characteristics associated with the longitudinal change of PTSD symptoms, including persistence and remittance, using the widely used Posttraumatic Check List-17 (PCL) cut-off value of 44, as well as changes in PCL total score and symptom cluster scores in patients of Low and High PTSD symptom severity. Few patients with elevated scores achieved a score below 44. However, longitudinal improvement in PCL score at follow-up was identified for patients with High PTSD scores (PCL > 57.5). Changes in PCL symptom clusters differed between those with High and Low PCL scores. These data suggest improvement over time in PCL score that differs depending on the severity of the score and variable responses in the PCL symptom clusters.
Trauma and anxious attachment influence the relationship between suggestibility and dissociation: a moderated-moderation analysis

ABSTRACT Introduction: Hypnotic suggestibility is elevated in the dissociative disorders but the relationship between dissociative tendencies and suggestibility in the general population seems to be constrained by additional factors. The diathesis-stress (DS) model stipulates that suggestibility interacts with trauma exposure to augment the propensity for dissociative states whereas the dual pathway to suggestibility (DPS) model proposes two developmental routes involving either dissociation preceded by trauma, or a healthy cognitive profile characterised by superior imagination. Methods: This study sought to discriminate between these partially competing accounts and further considered the moderating role of anxious attachment. 209 participants completed psychometric measures of dissociative tendencies, trauma, and attachment, and a behavioural measure of suggestibility. Results: In support of the DS model, trauma moderated the relationship between suggestibility and dissociation and, as predicted by the DPS model, dissociation moderated the relationship between trauma and suggestibility. Anxious attachment additionally moderated both effects. Model comparisons indicated that the DS model consistently provided a superior fit to the data. Further analyses showed that secure attachment independently predicted suggestibility, thereby supporting the non-dissociative pathway in the DPS model. Conclusions: These results suggest that high suggestibility confers vulnerability to dissociative states in individuals exposed to trauma and displaying an anxious attachment style.
Reconstruction of Small Subunit Ribosomal RNA from High-Throughput Sequencing Data: A Comparative Study of Metagenomics and Total RNA Sequencing

The small subunit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is the most commonly used marker for the identification of microbial taxa, but its full-length reconstruction from high-throughput sequencing (HTS) data remains challenging, especially for complex and diverse environmental samples. Metagenomics and total RNA sequencing (total RNA-Seq) are target-PCR-free HTS methods that are used to characterize microbial communities and simultaneously reconstruct SSU rRNA sequences. However, more testing is required to determine and improve their effectiveness. In this study, we processed metagenomics and total RNA-Seq data retrieved from a commercially available mock microbial community using 112 combinations of commonly used data-processing tools, determined SSU rRNA reconstruction completeness of both sequencing methods for each species in the mock community, and analyzed the impact of data-processing tools on SSU rRNA and genome completeness. Total RNA-Seq allowed for the complete or near-complete reconstruction of all mock community SSU rRNA sequences and outperformed metagenomics. SSU rRNA completeness of metagenomics strongly correlated with the genome size of mock community species. The impact of data-processing tools was overall low, although certain tools resulted in significantly lower SSU rRNA completeness. These results are promising for the high-throughput reconstruction of novel full-length SSU rRNA sequences and could advance the simultaneous application of multiple -omics approaches in routine environmental assessments to allow for more holistic assessments of ecosystems.
Once upon a time in Mexico: Holocene biogeography of the spotted bat (Euderma maculatum)

Holocene-era range expansions are relevant to understanding how a species might respond to the warming and drying climates of today. The harsh conditions of North American deserts have phylogenetically structured desert bat communities but differences in flight capabilities are expected to affect their ability to compete, locate, and use habitat in the face of modern climate change. A highly vagile but data-deficient bat species, the spotted bat (Euderma maculatum), is thought to have expanded its range from central Mexico to western Canada during the Holocene. With specimens spanning this latitudinal extent, we examined historical demography, and used ecological niche modeling (ENM) and phylogeography (mitochondrial DNA), to investigate historic biogeography from the rear to leading edges of the species’ range. The ENM supported the notion that Mexico was largely the Pleistocene-era range, whereas haplotype pattern and Skyline plots indicated that populations expanded from the southwestern US throughout the Holocene. This era provided substantial gains in suitable climate space and likely facilitated access to roosting habitat throughout the US Intermountain West. Incongruent phylogenies among different methods prevented a precise understanding of colonization history. However, isolation at the southern-most margin of the range suggests a population was left behind in Mexico as climate space contracted and are currently of unknown status. The species appears historically suited to follow shifts in climate space but differences in flight behaviors between leading edge and core-range haplogroups suggest range expansions could be influenced by differences in habitat quality or climate (e.g., drought). Although its vagility could facilitate response to environmental change and thereby avoid extinction, anthropogenic pressures at the core range could still threaten the ability for beneficial alleles to expand into the leading edge.
Evolutionary barriers to horizontal gene transfer in macrophage-associated Salmonella

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a powerful evolutionary force facilitating bacterial adaptation and emergence of novel phenotypes. Several factors, including environmental ones, are predicted to restrict HGT, but we lack systematic and experimental data supporting these predictions. Here, we address this gap by measuring the relative fitness of genes horizontally transferred from E. coli to S. enterica in infection relevant environments. We estimated the distribution of fitness effects in each environment and identified dosage-dependent effects across different environments are a significant barrier to HGT. The majority of genes were found to be deleterious. We also found longer genes had stronger negative fitness consequences than shorter ones, showing that gene length can significantly hinder HGT. Furthermore, fitness effects of transferred genes were found to be environmentally dependent. In summary, a substantial fraction of transferred genes had a significant fitness cost on the recipient, with both gene characteristics and the environment acting as evolutionary barriers to HGT.
Anti-tumour efficacy of Musa paradisiaca flower extracts on DMBA induced Mammary carcinogenesis in female Wistar rats

Background Several reports have shown the beneficial advantages of Musa paradisiaca in wound healing activities and other ailments. Previously, our in vitro studies validated the anti-cancer activities of Musa flower extracts and confirmed the potential. This thread has led to our current investigation to explore the anticancer potential in vivo. Purpose This study focused on the efficacy of banana florets on DMBA induced breast cancer in female wistar rats. Methods Induction of tumour using Dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) in female wistar rats. Hormonal, antioxidant and anticarcinogenic studies were performed in vivo. Results In our current study, we investigated that tumour induction has an effect in disrupting the estrous cycle in mice which may result by hormonal fluctuation levels. Antioxidant and hormonal analysis in vivo revealed the imbalance in estrogen and progesterone levels in untreated group compared to the treated ones. Floral crude extract treatment in vivo has shrunken the tumour volume in flower extract treatment group as well as in standard drug compared to the control. Histopathological staining confirms the disruption of epithelial tissues in tumour induced groups compared to the treated ones. Moreover, Musa floral treatment has shown to revert the damaged tissue morphology in the treated groups compared to the saline treated one. In-vitro studies in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines has shown the potent anti-tumorigenic activity using Musa floral extracts. Conclusion Taken together, our finding confirmed that banana flower extracts showcase anti-carcinogenic activity against breast cancer both in vitro and in vivo. Tumour induction in mice has an effect in showing the disruption of estrous cycles. Highlights Musa paradisiaca crude ethanolic flower extracts have a potential in reducing the tumour growth. DMBA induced cancer has a deleterious effect on estrogen cycles in female wistar rats. Disruption of epithelial morphology was observed in tumour induced wistar rats. Treatment with crude Musa flower extracts on cancer induced rats shows the reduced level of damage and oxidative stress compared to the no treatment group.
Differential feeding by common heterotrophic protists on four Scrippsiella species of similar size

The dinoflagellate genus Scrippsiella is known to cause red tides. Mortality due to predation should be assessed in order to understand the population dynamics of Scrippsiella species. However, predation has been explored only in a few species. In this study, we examined feeding by common heterotrophic dinoflagellates Oxyrrhis marina, Gyrodinium dominans, Polykrikos kofoidii, Oblea rotunda, and Pfiesteria piscicida, and a ciliate Strombidinopsis sp. , on four Scrippsiella species, of similar size, namely Scrippsiella acuminata, Scrippsiella donghaiensis, Scrippsiella lachrymosa, and Scrippsiella masanensis. All the heterotrophic protists tested could feed on all the four Scrippsiella species. However, the numerical and functional responses of P. kofoidii to the mean prey concentration were apparently different between the Scrippsiella species. With increasing prey concentration, the growth and ingestion rates of P. kofoidii on S. lachrymosa increased rapidly, and then saturated similar to those on S. acuminata, as previously reported, but those on S. donghaiensis continuously decreased. The cells of S. donghaiensis lysed P. kofoidii cells. In contrast, the growth and ingestion rates of P. kofoidii on S. masanensis were not significantly related to the prey concentration. At similarly high mean prey concentration, the growth and ingestion rates of G. dominans were significantly different between the four Scrippsiella species Therefore, differences in the growth and/or ingestion rates of G. dominans and P. kofoidii on the four Scrippsiella species might result in different ecological niches of both the predator and prey species.
A Research of Character Recognition Based on Residual Neural Network

Aiming at the problem of video person recognition, this paper analyzes current technical environment and current technical problems, and designs a set of character recognition model based on residual neural network. It extracts key frames, locates characters, extracts characters of video and makes similar features with target characters. Comparison, to determine the identity of the person, and to explore the practicality of the model, through experiments, the identity of the person has achieved very good experimental results.
Quantitative behavioral evaluation of a non-human primate stroke model using a new monitoring system

Background Recently, the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) has attracted significant interest as a non-human primate stroke model. Functional impairment in non-human primate stroke models should be evaluated quantitatively and successively after stroke, but conventional observational assessments of behavior cannot fully fit this purpose. In this paper, we report a behavioral analysis using MarmoDetector, a three-dimensional motion analysis, in an ischemic stroke model using photosensitive dye, along with an observational behavioral assessment and imaging examination. Methods Ischemic stroke was induced in the left hemisphere of three marmosets. Cerebral infarction was induced by intravenous injection of rose bengal and irradiation with green light. The following day, the success of the procedure was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The distance traveled, speed, activity time, and jumps/climbs were observed for 28 days after stroke using MarmoDetector. We also assessed the marmosets’ specific movements and postural abnormalities using conventional neurological scores. Results Magnetic resonance imaging diffusion-weighted and T2-weighted images showed hyperintense signals, indicating cerebral infarction in all three marmosets. MarmoDetector data showed that the both indices immediately after stroke onset and gradually improved over weeks. Neurological scores were the worst immediately after stroke and did not recover to pre-infarction levels during the observation period (28 days). A significant correlation was observed between MarmoDetector data and conventional neurological scores. Conclusion In this study, we showed that MarmoDetector can quantitatively evaluate behavioral changes in the acute to subacute phases stroke models. This technique can be practical for research on the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke and for the development of new therapeutic methods.
Depression increased risk of coronary heart disease: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

Background Depression, as an independent risk factor, can lead to a substantially increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). The overall body of evidence involving depression and CHD is not consistent. Therefore, we performed an update meta-analysis to evaluate the association between depression and the risk of patients with CHD. Methods Studies were identified through a comprehensive literature search of the PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library database from its inception to 28 September 2021 for titles/abstracts with restricted to English language articles. The literature was screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Along with data extraction, we evaluated the quality of eligible studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). The primary outcome was fatal or non-fatal CHD. We calculated relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a random-effects models. The protocol was registered in the PROSPERO registration (registration number CRD42021271259). Results From 9,151 records, we included 26 prospective cohort studies published from 1998 to 2018, consisting of 402,597 patients. Either in depression-exposured group or non-depression-exposured group, the mean age of all participants ranged from 18 to 99 years. Moreover, the NOS scores of these studies are eventually indicated that the quality of these eligible studies was reliable. In general, the pooled results showed that patients with depression had a higher risk of CHD compared to patients without depression (RR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.14–1.29). Additionally, the funnel plot appeared to be asymmetry, indicating there existing publication bias for the pooled results between depression and CHD. A sensitivity analysis was used to assess the stability of the relationship between depression and CHD that indicating the results robust (RR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.09–1.21). Conclusion Depression may increase risk of CHD. Future studies on the share pathogenic mechanisms of both depression and CHD may develop novel therapies.