Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Eclipses of accretion disc winds in cataclysmic variables : an atlas of theoretical CIV line profiles and line flux light curves

A grid of simulated eclipses of the wind-formed C IV resonance line in high-state, non-magnetic cataclysmic variables is presented. On this, trends in pre- and mid eclipse line profiles and also in the light curves of different parts of the line are explored. We model the outflow as a rotating, biconical accretion disc wind and use the following three variables to define the model grid: The most important trends in our results are discussed and shown to be consistent with expectations based on the physics of radiative transfer in outflowing, multidimensional media. It is also stressed, however, that the complexity of the line formation process is such that knowledge of basic trends alone is insufficient to draw secure conclusions about such outflows immediately from observations. The results presented here will therefore be most usefully employed in direct comparisons with observational data. causal role observed outflows.
ULTRAVIOLET ABSORPTION OF KI DILUTED IN KCI CRYSTALS

The absorptton of KI diluted in KCl single crystals was studied for concentrations of 10/sup -3/ to 10/sup -5/ mole in the temperature range from 80 to 700 deg K. The exact shape of the long-wavelength absorption peak, which was Gaussian around the maximum and exponential at the edge, was measured quantitatively over four orders of magnitude. The total integrated absorption was proportional to the iodide concentration, which was determined chemically. In the limit of high temperatures the half-width of the band was proportional to the square root of the temperature and the edge followed Urbach's law. Deviations at low temperatures were shown to arise from zero-point oscillations. The results were compared with models for localized excitons. (auth)
Highly sensitive suspended-gate ion sensitive transistor for the detection of pH

This paper presents a new device for the pH detection. It is based on a suspended polysilicon gate field effect transistor (SGFET). The sensitive layer is made of silicon nitride as for ISFET technology. The suspended bridge, used as gate electrode, is formed with doped polysilicon covered with silicon nitride layers for electrical insulation. The layers are deposited by Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition (LPCVD). Surface micro-technology allows to obtain a small height (0.5μm) suspended-bridge. In this case, the solution penetrates under the gate. The high field effect in the gap between the gate and the channel is enough to change the charges distribution. Very high pH sensitivity, greater than 200 mV/pH, is found with this new structure and it is much higher than the usual Nernstian sensitivity of ISFETs. The device concept, electrical characteristics, and the effect of the thickness of the gap between the bridge and the sensitive layer on the pH sensitivity are discussed in this study.
Classification of small agricultural fields using combined Landsat-8 and RapidEye imagery: case study of northern Serbia

Abstract A pixel-based cropland classification study based on the fusion of data from satellite images with different resolutions is presented. It is based on a time series of multispectral images acquired at different resolutions by different imaging instruments, Landsat-8 and RapidEye. The proposed data fusion method capabilities are explored with the aim of overcoming the shortcomings of different instruments in the particular cropland classification scenario characterized by the very small size of crop fields over the chosen agricultural region situated in the plains of Vojvodina in northern Serbia. This paper proposes a data fusion method that is successfully utilized in combination with arobust random forest classifier in improving the overall classification performance, as well as in enabling application of satellite imagery with a coarser spatial resolution in the given specific cropland classification task. The developed method effectively exploits available data and provides an improvement over the existing pixel-based classification approaches through the combination of different data sources. Another contribution of this paper is the employment of crowdsourcing in the process of reference data collection via dedicated smartphone application.
Disk-instability model for soft-X-ray transients containing black holes

Consideration is given to the time-dependent behavior of the accretion disks in low-mass X-ray binaries as a model for soft X-ray transients. The thermal stability and vertical structure properties of the disk are studied in the range between 10 to the 7th and 10 to the 8th cm. An Eulerian time-dependent thin disk model is used to show that, for relevant accretion rates, the disk suffers a thermal instability leading to intermittent accretion onto the central compact object. The disk instability model reproduces the basic features of outbursts of soft X-ray transients. Also, the physical state of quiescence of the binary A0620-00 is examined, focusing on the possible existence of a black hole. It is suggested that the modulation of the accretion flow in the inner disk may be responsible for the bimodal behavior observed in the spectra of black hole candidates such as Cyg X-1, GX 339-4, and A0620-00. 72 refs.
On the Mean Residual Life Function and Stress and Strength Analysis under Different Loss Function for Lindley Distribution

Purpose. Mathematical properties of Lindley distribution are derived under different loss functions. These properties include mean residual life function, Lorenz curve, stress and strength characteristic, and their respective posterior risk via simulation scheme. Methodology. Bayesian approach is used for the reliability characteristics. Results are compared on the basis of posterior risk. Findings. Using prior information on the parameter of Lindley distribution, Bayes estimates for reliability characteristics are compared under different loss functions. Practical Implications. Since Lindley distribution is a mixture of gamma and exponential distribution, so Bayesian estimation of reliability characteristics will have a great implication in reliability theory. Originality. A real life application to waiting time data at the bank is also described for the developed procedures. This study is useful for researcher and practitioner in reliability theory.
Microscopic Origin of the Metamagnetic Transition in Co(S x Se 1− x ) 2 — 59 Co NMR

From 59 Co NMR experiments in metallic compounds Co(S x Se 1- x ) 2 with pyrite structure, it is shown that the concentration and external field dependences of the magnetism are manifested by inhomogeneous distribution of ferromagnetic Co atoms with 0.85 µ B and nonmagnetic Co atoms. Particularly, the field induced metamagnetic transition found in x =0.88 and 0.86 is concluded to be due to the progressive-discontinuous transitions from the nonmagnetic to the ferromagnetic states with increasing external field. The field dependence of the NMR intensity associated with the nonmagnetic Co atoms accounts entirely for the magnetization vs field curves.
On the Possibility of a Strong Magnetic Field in the Local Interstellar Medium

We analyze the consequences of the local interstellar magnetic field being almost 3 times larger than the Galactic average (ordered) field on the structure of the heliospheric interface in the axisymmetric case when the field is parallel to the relative direction of motion between the local interstellar medium (LISM) and the Sun. A field of such strength is expected to exist in the Local Interstellar Cloud, if the latter condensed from material inside a magnetic flux tube rebounding from the wall of the Local Bubble cavity. The analysis is performed using a newly developed multifluid neutral MHD model. We show that the bow shock ahead of the heliopause still exists for supersonic and sub-Alfvénic LISM parameters. Our results agree well with the observations of the Lyα absorption spectra and yield positions of the termination shock and the heliopause similar to those obtained from the standard super-Alfvénic model.
Calculation of seismic displacement fields in self-gravitating earth models—applications of minors vectors and symplectic structure

An account is given of the minor vector method that allows for the stable numerical integration of the systems of linear ordinary differential equations occurring in a number of geophysical problems. In particular, new results are presented that allow for the application of the method to the solution of 6-D inhomogeneous boundary value problems, such as those encountered in the calculation of seismic displacement fields in spherically symmetric, self-gravitating earth models. In addition, the symplectic structure possessed by many of the ordinary differential equations of interest is described. It is shown how this structure can be used to simplify the numerical implementation of the minor vector method and also to concisely derive a number of theoretical results about the eigenfrequencies and eigenfunctions of a linearly anelastic earth model.
Maximally Selected Chi Square Statistics

Two samples can be compared by selecting a cut point and then forming a 2 x 2 table of the numbers of observations above and below the cut point in each sample. When the cut point is selected so as to maximize the standard chi square statistic, the chi square percentile points are inappropriate. Actual significance levels are computed for large samples, and correct percentile pOilltS are tabulated.
An Interactive Approach for Hierarchical Parameter Optimization

We propose a novel interactive parameter optimization technique which asks users to determine whether further exploration is required by using a hierarchical visualization technique. Our technique generates a k-d tree and uses the coefficient of multiple determinations (R2) for tree-branching; however, this requires a huge amount of computation since it processes the response surface at every leaf node of the k-d tree, including those that may not have minimum parameters. To solve the problem, we introduce human evaluation of the display on the computer screen, in which every tree-node is evenly displayed regardless of its hierarchical level. We confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed technique by searching for pre-determined parameters in some test functions and biological cell simulation results.
Diffusion/thermal instability of a solid propellant flame

The stability of a gas flame attached to a deflagrating solid propellant is investigated through an asymptotic analysis in the limit of large gas-phase activation energy. Since the diffusional/thermal model for solid propellant combustion employed relaxes the usual assumptions of gas-phase quasisteadiness and quasiplanarity, the overall stability of the deflagration is determined by both the stability of condensed-phase pyrolysis and the stability of the gas flame. For relatively large flame standoff distances, the latter dominates, and a parameter regime is identified that allows the derivation of a dispersion relation by formal asymptotic matching techniques. The results show how the neutral stability boundaries for a freely propagating flame, which is obtained in an appropriate limit, are modified for a solid propellant flame. In particular, the cellular instability is suppressed by the proximity of the solid/gas interface for sufficiently small disturbance wavenumbers, but the pulsating instability is.
Neutral Hydrogen Gunn-Peterson Absorption from an Overdensity in the Diffuse Intergalactic Medium at Redshift 0.8?

The results of a search for diffuse neutral hydrogen "Gunn-Peterson" absorption, including possible absorption from any overdensity in the diffuse intergalactic medium, at low to moderate redshifts (z < 1.2) are discussed. The relatively low incidence of Lyα forest lines at these redshifts makes this work more straightforward than would be the case at higher redshifts. Criteria for the selection of QSO spectra leading to conservative estimates of Gunn-Peterson absorption are discussed, including the requirement that spectra shortward of the O VI λ1032 emission line be available. Thus, extrapolation of the continuum from longward to shortward of the Lyα emission line can be replaced by interpolation of the continuum in the spectral interval between Lyα and O VI emission. Analyses of Hubble Space Telescope Faint Object Spectrograph data on two QSOs with zem < 1 are presented here for illustrative purposes. PKS 1354+195 (zem ≈ 0.72) shows no evidence for an absorption trough to an optical depth limit of τGP-H I(z ≈ 0.5) < 0.02, which is the normal case. However, PKS 2145+067 (zem ≈ 0.99) shows evidence for a rare 12%-14% depression. If this is indeed Gunn-Peterson absorption, there must be an overdensity in the intergalactic medium near redshift z ≈ 0.8 toward PKS 2145+067 which is ≈ 3-7 times the density required for a typical nondetection. The region extends more than 500 h−1100 Mpc along the sight line and, for J912 ≈ 10-22 ergs s-1 Hz-1 cm-2 sr-1, has typical gas density ng ≈ 10-6 cm-3 and temperature T ≈ (1-2) × 105 K. If the proposed overdense region is spherical and not filamentary in shape, this same effect may be visible in objects near the sight line toward PKS 2145+067. Alternative possibilities are discussed.
System Reliability Based on System Wear

This paper describes methods for formulating and estimating system reliability in settings where failure results from wear of system parts reaching a critical threshold. We propose a model concerned with the stochastic behavior of wear in which a right-continuous non-decreasing wear process is composed of “continuous” and “jump” parts. Several properties of our proposed model are presented, bounds are obtained for the reliability function, and the unknown parameters are estimated by the method of maximum likelihood. From these an estimate of the reliability function is obtained. In this part, contrary to common practice, we do not assume availability of failure data.
Thermodynamics and quanta in Planck's work

IN JANUARY 1910 Max Planck sent a paper to Annalen dar Physik on the theory of black‐body radiation. It was his first paper on this subject since the epoch‐making work in which he had introduced the concept of energy quanta almost a decade earlier. Planck had no new results to report, but he felt that it was time he expressed his views on what had been going on in the intervening years. Not that there was so very much to discuss: neither the problems of radiation nor Planck's startling idea that energy could sometimes vary only in discrete steps had yet seriously caught the attention of most of his colleagues. Planck himself, of course, had thought a great deal about these things, as he remarked in a letter to Walther Nernst a few months later: “I can say without exaggeration that for ten years, without interruption, nothing in physics has so stimulated me, agitated me, and excited me as these quanta of action. ” But his approach to the problems did not coincide with those of the relatively few others who .
A Note on Semideﬁnite Representable Reformulations for Two Variants of the Trust-Region Subproblem

Motivated by encouraging numerical results in [13], in this note we consider two speciﬁc variants of the trust-region subproblem and provide exact semideﬁnite representable reformulations. The ﬁrst is over the intersection of two balls; the second is over the intersection of a ball and a special second-order conic representable set. Dif-ferent from the technique developed in [13], the reformulations in this note are based on partitions of the feasible regions into sub-regions with known lifted convex hulls.
A New Upper Bound for the Cylinder Packing Problem

This paper introduces a new upper bound to the problem of fitting identical circles into a rectangle. This problem is usually referred to as the ‘cylinder packing problem’ or ‘cylinder palletization’. In practice, it arises when it is desired to maximize the number of cylindrical items packed in an upright position onto a rectangle/pallet. The upper bound developed consists in determining the reduced pallet area by deducting a lower bound for the unused pallet area from the total area of the pallet. The upper bound for the number of identical circles to pack into the pallet is computed by the ratio reduced pallet area/circle area. The results obtained for five distinct sets of problems are analyzed and compared with previous bounds found in the published literature.
New principle of rangefinding using blurred images

Basic principles are established for a method of obtaining range data by measuring the profile of blurs in or near the back focal plane of a lens or lens system resulting from the capture of light from a point or line source situated on an object in the scene. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated using simulation and practical means. It is suggested that the principle could form the basis of a rangefinder for robotic applications in which objects are illuminated by a coaxial laser projector with the reflected light being captured by an aperture-restricted lens system.
A Kolmogorov and Tightness Criterion in Modular Besov Spaces and an Application to a Class of Gaussian Processes

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to prove a Kolmogorov and a tightness criterion in a class of modular Besov spaces that present a natural extension of the work in [8]. We apply these criteria to establish regularity results and weak approximations in these spaces for a class of Gaussian processes, which admit integral representations of the form where (W t , t ∈ [0, 1]) is a standard Brownian motion and K is a kernel satisfying suitable regularity properties. The most classical example of these processes is the fractional Brownian motion. The case of the multifractional Brownian motion is considered. These approximation results are a refinement of those of Stroock [21] and Delgado and Jolis [13] who considered the cases of Brownian motion and fractional Brownian motion in the space of continuous functions.
Near-infrared observations of galaxies in the Coma supercluster

Near-IR magnitudes have been obtained for 136 galaxies in the Coma/A1367 supercluster region, and near-IR colors (J-H) and (H-K) for 90 and 87 objects, respectively. The near-IR colors are contained in a small range and do not depend on morphological types, galaxy inclination, or environment. Optical-to-IR colors depend strongly on a galaxy's morphological type and inclination. There is a dependence of the relative excess of radio, and to a lesser degree, of far-IR emission on recent star formation activity. The magnitude-line width relation for galaxies in Coma and A1367 obtained with these data has a larger spread than previously found with smaller samples. The data suggest a distance modulus to Coma of about 35, regardless of the choice of primary calibrators. 43 refs.
Algorithmic computation of the Conley index

The Conley index of an isolated invariant set with respect to some flow in is defined in terms of a so-called index pair. Therefore, determining a suitable index pair is crucial for the computation of the Conley index. We develop a procedure that enables us to construct an index pair, which can be replaced by a topological equivalent pair of simplicial complexes in a finite number of steps. This is possible by a special triangulation and by formulating sufficient contractibility conditions for the topological equivalence. Our procedure also works in cases where there is no isolating block corresponding to the invariant set available. We demonstrate the power of this procedure by applying it to a Hopf bifurcation problem.
Deep Orographic Storms over the Sierra Nevada. Part I: Thermodynamic and Kinematic Structure

Abstract Two deep, orographic storms were documented over the Sierra Nevada with an instrumented aircraft and with a single Doppler radar. In both storms the geographic winds were normal to the barrier with speeds of 15 to 30 m s−1. Because of blocking the measured wind component normal to the barrier was substantially less than the geostrophic wind component, especially below barrier crest height. In the very stable case, a barrier jet was present below 1 km AGL and had peak winds of 28 m s−1. In the slightly stable case a barrier jet was present at 1 km AGL and had peak winds of 21 m s−1. Other than the speed and altitude of the barrier jet, the other measured characteristics of the airflow and thermal fields were rather similar between these two storms. The forced ascent of stable air plus the diabatic process of melting caused the isotherms to descend near the barrier. The barrier jet can be expressed by the thermal wind relation and is, therefore, a quasi-geostrophic phenomenon. The derived vertical .
Adversarial Attacks on Feature Visualization Methods

The internal functional behavior of trained Deep Neural Networks is notoriously difficult to interpret. Feature visualization approaches are one set of techniques used to interpret and analyze trained deep learning models. On the other hand interpretability methods themselves may be subject to be deceived. In particular, we consider the idea of an adversary manipulating a model for the purpose of deceiving the interpretation. Focusing on the popular feature visualizations associated with CNNs we introduce an optimization framework for modifying the outcome of feature visualization methods.
Comparison Of Measurement Methods For Characterization Of 3d Printed Lowloss Artificial Dielectric Substrate Based On Cross Unit Cell

: This paper deals with the effective complex permittivity determination of low-loss 3D printed artificial dielectric substrate based on a cross unit cell. The two resonators working with TE 011 and TM 010 modes suitable for a uniaxial anisotropy determination are compared with the transmission / reflection waveguide method. To evaluate the methods’ performance, the eigenmode analysis is carried out to provide precise reference values.
TERRAIN PREDICTION WITH A LOW-COST LIDAR SENSOR FOR MOBILE ROBOTS

Abstract. Terrain modelling influences various aspects of mobile robot navigation. The ability to explore in rough terrain and to recognise ground conditions are essential to perform different activities efficiently, safely and satisfactorily. For this reason, intelligent vehicles and robotic systems need cognitive capabilities to understand the terrain and derive information from it. The information is mostly acquired and processed by very high resolution 3D-cameras and LiDAR sensors which provide full 360-degree environmental view to deliver accurate 3D data. The aim of this paper is to find out whether a low-cost sensor variant can measure sufficient and significant data from the terrain in order to modify the navigation behaviour and provide the correct control commands. In this paper we describe a low-cost sensor with Infrared Time-of-Flight (ToF) technology and 64 pixel depth image. Furthermore, different experiments on the detection of the sensor were conducted and with appropriate filters and signal processing algorithms the environmental perception could be significantly improved. In summary, our results provide both evidence and guidelines for the use of the selected sensor in environmental perception to improve local obstacle detection and terrain modelling, which we believe will lead to a very cost-effective improvement in competence and situational awareness.