Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cryopreservation of the Microalgae Scenedesmus sp.

Each phytoplankton species presents a different behavior and tolerance to the cryopreservation process. Therefore, in a species-specific protocol, it is essential to ensure both growth and post-thawing cell viability. In this study, we explored the effect of cryopreservation of Scenedesmus sp. with two cryoprotectants, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and methanol (MET), at 5% and 10% inclusion for each. In the control treatment, the microalgae were not exposed to cryoprotective agents (Control). Three post-thawing cell viability criteria were used: no cell damage (NCD), cell damage (CD), and marked lesions (LM), and mitochondrial and cell membrane damage was evaluated by flow cytometry. The study was a 2 × 2 factorial design, with five replications by treatments, population growth, and cell damage evaluated from the fifth day after thawing. On the fifth day, the highest percentage of NCD was observed when the microalgae were cryopreserved with DMSO 5% (50%); Regarding the control group, it showed 0% NCD. Flow cytometry analysis reveals minor damage at the membrane and mitochondria (9–10.7%) when DMSO is used at both inclusion percentages (5–10%) after thawing. In the exponential phase, the highest growth rates, doubling time, and yield was observed in cryopreserved cells with MET 5%. The results suggest that DMSO 5% is an ideal treatment for cryopreserving microalgae Scenedesmus sp.
Exploring a faith-based approach to puberty education in Tanzania

Background Many adolescents in Tanzania do not receive timely and comprehensive puberty education. This study explored faith-based organizations a site for puberty education. Two puberty books, each developed through participatory research with Tanzanian adolescents and stakeholders, were promoted to 177 Christian denomination churches in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania to understand the factors that faith leaders considered in their decision to purchase puberty books, or share information about the intervention to their peers and congregants. Methods Data collection included routine monitoring via weekly reports and ethnographic observation. Data were analyzed using the Ecological Framework for Health Promotion to capture how individual, interpersonal, and institutional factors influenced leaders' decisions to purchase or promote puberty books. Results At the individual level, leaders cited their personal experiences in their support for the intervention, but leaders' time and confidence in their ability to effectively promote books to others were barriers to participation. Interpersonally, the diffusion of information between church leaders, particularly when information came from well-known or respected leaders, emerged as an important factor in leaders' willingness to promote books. At the institutional level, leaders' decisions were impacted by resources, institutional culture, and institutional hierarchy. Importantly, twelve churches in the sample purchased books. Limited financial resources and the need to receive approval from denominational leaders were discussed by leaders as barriers to purchasing books. Conclusions Despite research showing high religiosity in Tanzania, the role of religious institutions in providing puberty education has remained unexplored. Our results inform future research and practice by providing an articulation of the socioecological factors that played a role in faith leaders' decisions related to puberty education interventions in Tanzania.
Screening of Fenofibrate-Simvastatin Solid Dispersions in the Development of Fixed-Dose Formulations for the Treatment of Lipid Disorders

The combination of statins and fibrates in the treatment of lipid abnormalities effectively regulates individual lipid fraction levels. In this study, the screening and assessment of the physicochemical properties of simvastatin-fenofibrate solid dispersions were performed. Fenofibrate and simvastatin were processed using the kneading method in different weight ratios, and the resulting solid dispersions were assessed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffractometry (XRPD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact angle, as well as dissolution tests. The obtained results confirmed the formation of a simple eutectic phase diagram, with a eutectic point containing 79 wt% fenofibrate and 21 wt% simvastatin, lack of chemical interactions between the ingredients, and simvastatin impact on improving fenofibrate dissolution profile, due to the formation of crystalline solid dispersions by the kneading method.
Optical beam propagation in biaxial crystals

Optical beam propagators are derived from the Maxwell wave equation for a refractively biaxial medium. The propagators carry fields polarized nearly parallel to the fields of their ray optic analogues and are specialized for three cases of wavevector direction: general directions, coincident with an optic axis, and nearly parallel to an optic axis. Numerical illustrations using a Gaussian beam show diffractive counterparts of the ray optic effects of double refraction, internal conical refraction, and the transition between the two.
Design and Control of an Analog Optical Switch Based on the Coupling of an Electrothermal Actuator and a Mass–Spring System

Extending the analog output function has become an important trend in current MEMS optical switches. The electrothermal actuator is a potential candidate for realizing the analog optical switch since the output displacement can be continuously controlled throughout its driving range. However, since most existing micromirrors employ the out-of-plane motion, which is directly driven by the actuator, the design flexibility is limited and the temperature effect cannot be ignored. In this article, an analog optical switch is designed based on the coupling of an electrothermal actuator, a mass–spring system, and a sidewall reflective optical path. The in-plane reciprocating motion of the sidewall reflection micromirror is realized through the coupling, with the load analysis of the optical switch being significantly simplified. A temperature decrease as high as 305.5 K can be achieved by the integration at an applied voltage of 15 V. The dynamic coupling mechanism is well explained by a multibody electro-thermal–mechanical model. Furthermore, a position sensorless control scheme is proposed to realize the analog output function and anti-interference of the coupling optical switch. The linear analog output is presented throughout the micromirror's displacement of 0–90.57 μm. We believe that this work is significant for providing a novel functional device in intelligent optical window, laser ignition system, optical neural computing, etc.
Microbial Quality of Sliced and Packaged Fruits in Polyethylene Sold in Port Harcourt Rivers State, South-South Nigeria

Fresh fruits promote good health but harbor a wide range of microbial contaminants. This study assessed the microbial quality of fruits and safety of Polyethylene packed sliced fruits sold in Port-Harcourt markets. 36 samples of freshly cut fruit comprising of Pawpaw (Carica papaya), Pineapple (Ananas comosus) and Water Melon (Citrullus lanatus) were randomly collected from different sellers within Port Harcourt metropolis. Samples were analyzed using standard microbiological methods. Mean Total viable count ranged from Log10cfu/g5.85 – 6.34, mean Total Fungi Count Log10cfu/g 3.23– 3.85. Nine bacteria were identified. Staphylococcus aureus (27.4%) was the most frequently isolated followed by Shigella spp (19.4%), Escherichia coli (16.1%), Bacillus spp(14.5%), Aeromonas Sp(8%), Enterobacter sp(4%), Klebsiella spp and Salmonella spp (4.8%) respectively. Samples of Pawpaw had high microbial contamination when compared to other fruit samples. The study comes to the conclusion that consumers' awareness of the risks of eating packed sliced fruits should be increased, and that they should once again insist on properly processed/packaged sliced fruits.
Computation of 3D electrostatic local fields and forces using complementarity of dual formulations. Application for capacitance and torque calculations in micromotors

Recent studies in electromagnetic field computation show an interest of using dual formulations. They provide complementary energy bounds, which permits one to obtain global parameters such as impedance with minimum computation costs. The calculation of electromagnetic field by dual formulations ensures the use of Maxwell equations where the numerical errors are on the constitutive laws describing physical properties, this leads to an efficient indicator to auto-adaptive mesh refinement. The proposal in this article is to use two dual finite element formulations for calculating the 3D electrostatic field and to apply the virtual work principle for obtaining the local force distribution. In the analysis the Whitney elements are employed to ensure the physical continuity of working variables. An example of application of such analysis, the modelling of a variable capacitance micromotor, is presented.
Advancing personalized medicine for tuberculosis through the application of immune profiling

While early and precise diagnosis is the key to eliminating tuberculosis (TB), conventional methods using culture conversion or sputum smear microscopy have failed to meet demand. This is especially true in high-epidemic developing countries and during pandemic-associated social restrictions. Suboptimal biomarkers have restricted the improvement of TB management and eradication strategies. Therefore, the research and development of new affordable and accessible methods are required. Following the emergence of many high-throughput quantification TB studies, immunomics has the advantages of directly targeting responsive immune molecules and significantly simplifying workloads. In particular, immune profiling has been demonstrated to be a versatile tool that potentially unlocks many options for application in TB management. Herein, we review the current approaches for TB control with regard to the potentials and limitations of immunomics. Multiple directions are also proposed to hopefully unleash immunomics’ potential in TB research, not least in revealing representative immune biomarkers to correctly diagnose TB. The immune profiles of patients can be valuable covariates for model-informed precision dosing-based treatment monitoring, prediction of outcome, and the optimal dose prediction of anti-TB drugs.
Numerical analysis of a helical antenna with a finite ground plane

INTRODUCTION There have been some numerical analyses of helical antennas radiating in the forward endfire mode, or the axial mode 1 1 1 . In these analyses the ground plane situated under a helical wire is assumed to be infinite in size, and the image theory is used. The present paper describes the effects of size of a ground plane on the radiation characteristics, based on the current distribution determined by the moment method. Examination on the current distribution provides design information on a helical antenna. In the present paper special attention is paid for optimized design of a backfire mode helical antenna [21.
Operational Cloud-Motion Winds from Meteosat Infrared Images

Abstract The displacement of clouds in successive satellite images reflects the atmospheric circulation at various scales. The main application of the satellite-derived cloud-motion vectors is their use as winds in the data analysis for numerical weather prediction. At low latitudes in particular they constitute an indispensible data source for numerical weather prediction. This paper describes the operational method of deriving cloud-motion winds (CMW) from the IR image (10.512.5 µm) of the European geostationary Meteostat satellites. The method is automatic, that is, the cloud tracking uses cross correlation and the height assignment is based on satellite observed brightness temperature and a forecast temperature profile. Semitransparent clouds undergo a height correction based on radiative forward calculations and simultaneous radiance observations in both the IR and water vapor (5.77.1 µm) channel. Cloud-motion winds are subject to various quality checks that include manual quality control as the la.
Astrophysics in laboratory: Opacity measurements

Recent measurements of the absorption coefficients of L transitions in iron and nickel hot plasmas are reported following a brief review of the published experiments on opacities and absorption coefficients which have been performed until now in laser-heated cavities and Z-pinches. Emphasis is put on the impact of these measurements in astrophysics.
Short-Term Effect of Moderate Level Air Pollution on Outpatient Visits for Multiple Clinic Departments: A Time-Series Analysis in Xi’an China

There is limited evidence concerning the association between air pollution and different outpatient visits in moderately polluted areas. This paper investigates the effects of moderate-level air pollution on outpatient visits associated with six categories of clinic department. We analyzed a total of 1,340,791 outpatient visits for the pediatric, respiratory, ear-nose-throat (ENT), cardiovascular, ophthalmology, and orthopedics departments from January 2016 to December 2018. A distributed lag nonlinear model was used to analyze the associations and was fitted and stratified by age and season (central heating season and nonheating season). We found SO2 had the largest effect on pediatrics visits (RR = 1.105 (95%CI: 1.090, 1.121)). Meanwhile, PM2.5 and SO2 had greater effects on ENT visits for people under 50 years old. The results showed a strong association between O3 and cardiovascular outpatient visits in the nonheating season (RR = 1.273, 95% CI: 1.189,1.358). The results showed every 10 μg/m3 increase in SO2 was associated with a lower number of respiratory outpatient visits. Significant different associations were observed in PM2.5, NO2, CO, and O3 on ophthalmology visits between the heating and nonheating seasons. Although no significant association has been found in existing studies, our findings showed PM2.5 and NO2 were significantly related to orthopedic outpatient visits for people under 60 (RR = 1.063 (95%CI: 1.032, 1.095), RR = 1.055 (95%CI: 1.011, 1.101)). This study also found that the effect-level concentrations of air pollutants for some clinic departments were lower than the national standards, which means that people should also pay more attention when the air quality is normal.
Identifying neutrophil-associated subtypes in ulcerative colitis and confirming neutrophils promote colitis-associated colorectal cancer

Background Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the intestinal mucosa, the incidence of which has increased worldwide. There is still a lack of clear understanding of the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis that ultimately leads to colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Method We download UC transcriptome data from the GEO database and pass the limma package in order to identify differentially expressed genes. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was used to identify potential biological pathways. We identified immune cells associated with UC by CIBERSORT and Weighted co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). We used validation cohorts and mouse models to verify the expression of the hub genes and the role of neutrophils. Result We identified 65 differentially expressed genes in UC samples and healthy controls. GSEA, KEGG, and GO analyses displayed that DEGs were enriched in immune-related pathways. CIBERSORT analysis revealed increased infiltration of neutrophils in UC tissues. The red module, obtained by WGCNA analysis, was considered to be the most relevant module for neutrophils.Based on neutrophil-associated differentially expressed genes, UC patients were classified into two subtypes of neutrophil infiltration. We discovered that the highly neutrophil-infiltrated subtype B of UC patients had a higher risk of developing CAC. Five genes were identified as biomarkers by searching for DEGs between distinct subtypes. Finally, using the mouse model, we determined the expression of these five genes in the control, DSS, and AOM/DSS groups. The degree of neutrophil infiltration in mice and the percentage of MPO and pSTAT3 expression in neutrophils were analyzed by flow cytometry. In the AOM/DSS model, MPO and pSTAT3 expressions were significantly increased. Conclusions These findings suggested neutrophils might promote the conversion of UC into CAC. These findings improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of CAC and provide new and more effective insights into the prevention and treatment of CAC.
The deleptonization and heating of proton-neutron stars

We derive that the half-life for excess lepton loss from the proton-neutron star is approx.0. 5 s whether or not convection obtains. Our results indicate that a positive lepton gradient forms in the outer core. In addition, we show that heating always accompanies deleptonization. In pure diffusion models most of the heat is deposited in the outer core, and in convective models most of the heat is deposited in the inner core. In all cases, the increase in the pressure due to heating is insufficient to counter the decrease int e pressure due to the loss of lepton degeneracy pressure, and the core contracts. However, the heating of the shocked mantle by the core is likely to cause it to expand on diffusion time scales. Since a lot of energy (>10/sup 52/ ergs) is deposited in the mantle by the core, the subsequent expansion of the mantle may push an accretion shock outward and aid in the production of supernovae.
ALGORITHM FOR SOLVING INTEGER LINEAR PROGRAMMING PROBLEMS.

LEGAL NOTICE Thia report was prepared na an account of Government sponsored work. Neither the United Stat08, cor the CommiBsion, nor any peraon acting on behalf of the Commission: A. Makes any warranty or representaUon, exp ssed or impUed, with respect to the a,:cu. My, completeneas, or usefulness of the Informauon contained in thla report. or that the use of any information, apparatus. method, or process disclosed tn thts report may not Infringe privately owned righte; or 'l. B. Assumes any liabilities with respect to the m of, or for damages reaulung froui. the m of any Information, apparatus, method, or process eaclosed in th:s report. As used in the above, "perion acting on behalf of the Commission" Includes any omployee or contractor of the Commlsaion, or employee of such contractor, to the extent . Lhat such employee or contractor of W Commis/kn or employee of such contractor prep res disseminates, or provides access to, any information Su rstant to his employment or contract with the Commlision, or Ws employment /8 such contractor.
Dielectric Relaxation Time Behavior of B-site Hybrid-doped BaTiO3 Ceramics

The time dependence of dielectric charge was investigated of Ba(Ti0.99-xMn0.01Tax)O3 as a function of x = 0.0, 0.5, 0.1 and 1.5 mol% through the dependency of the dielectric permittivity on the frequency. A two part signal is considered as a behavior of aging in ferroelectrics: one is the low electric field and the other is the high electric field. Aging of dielectric has been calculated under the dielectric decay function which corresponds to observed de-polarization according to aging effect driven by charged defects with high activation energy. It was found that the aging behavior change significantly with donor dopant concentration.
Bhabha’s equation for a particle of two mass states in Rarita—Schwinger form

The irreducible relativistic wave equation for a particle having two different mass states and positive charge, given by Bhabha, has been written in a form similar to that given by Rarita & Schwinger for the Dirac-Fierz-Pauli equation for a particle of spin 3/2 . The components of the wave function are written as Dirac four-component wave functions, having in addition a tensor index, and one ordinary Dirac four-component wave function. The only matrices which enter into the formulation are the Dirac matrices. An explicit representation of Bhabha’s matrices in terms of the Dirac matrices is obtained. The solutions for spin 3/2 are just those given by the Dirac-Fierz-Pauli equation, but the solutions for spin ½ differ from the Dirac solutions in having additional non-vanishing components.
On One-Step GM Estimates and Stability of Inferences in Linear Regression

Abstract The folklore on one-step estimation is that it inherits the breakdown point of the preliminary estimator and yet has the same large sample distribution as the fully iterated version as long as the preliminary estimate converges faster than n –1/4, where n is the sample size. We investigate the extent to which this folklore is valid for one-step GM estimators and their associated standard errors in linear regression. We find that one-step GM estimates based on Newton-Raphson or Scoring inherit the breakdown point of high breakdown point initial estimates such as least median of squares provided the usual weights that limit the influence of extreme points in the design space are based on location and scatter estimates with high breakdown points. Moreover, these estimators have bounded influence functions, and their standard errors can have high breakdown points. The folklore concerning the large sample theory is correct assuming the regression errors are symmetrically distributed and homoscedastic.
The Effects on Mass Flows on the Dissipation of Alfven Waves in the Upper Layers of the Solar Atmosphere

The influence of parallel plasma flows on the propagation of shear Alfv{acute e}n waves along magnetic structures is considered. It is shown that even in a simple case of regular mass flows directed along the magnetic field, their presence considerably modifies the dissipation of shear Alfv{acute e}n waves, affecting both the magnitude and the height of maximum dissipation. The strongest effect occurs in the case of downflows when the flow velocity at a certain height becomes equal to the Alfv{acute e}n velocity. Near that point, the wave comes to extinction and gives off its energy completely. The axial extent of the absorption region is evaluated. This effect can be directly associated with observed high-velocity downflows in the transition region, and, in particular, can serve as a qualitative explanation for the high variability of the emission observed near 10{sup 5} K. In the presence of upward mass flows and moderate downflows, the dissipation of phase-mixed Alfv{acute e}n waves is accompanied by the radial redistribution of the energy input across the magnetic structure, thus creating a mosaic pattern in the emitting regions. The flow velocities are assumed to be below the thresholds which correspond to the onset of hydrodynamic and dissipative instabilities.more » {copyright} {ital 1995 The American Astronomical Society. }« less