Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Polysaccharide of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz Alleviates Cyclophosphamide-Induced Thymus Ferroptosis in Gosling

Simple Summary During the brooding stage, the goslings are susceptible to various stresses, damaging the thymus and decreasing immune function. Ferroptosis is cell death caused by iron-ion-dependent lipid peroxidation, which has been reported to be closely related to organismal immunity. The polysaccharide of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz (PAMK) has antioxidation and immunomodulatory effects. Therefore, we used CTX to construct an immunosuppression model for goslings to explore the mechanism by which PAMK alleviates cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced ferroptosis in thymocytes and to provide a basis for a more profound elucidation of the immunomodulatory mechanism of PAMK. It was found that PAMK had a significant alleviating effect on CTX-induced thymus damage and thymocyte ferroptosis in goslings. Therefore, PAMK can be used as a natural alternative to antibiotics as a feed additive for immunomodulatory effects on goslings. Abstract The present study aimed to explore the mechanism by which PAMK alleviates cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced ferroptosis in thymocytes. One-day-old goslings were divided into four groups (10 goslings/group). The CON and CTX groups were fed a basic diet. The PAMK and CTX + PAMK groups were fed the basic diet mixed with PAMK (400 mg/kg). Moreover, the CTX and CTX + PAMK groups were given a daily injection of 40 mg/kg BW of CTX (at 19, 20, and 21 days of age). On the other hand, the CON and PAMK groups were given 0.5 mL of sterilized saline into the leg muscle (at 19, 20, and 21 days of age). The goslings were fed for 28 days. The ferroptosis pathway was enriched in transcriptome sequencing. Compared to the CON group, the thymus in the CTX group underwent injury, and the mitochondria of thymocytes showed features of ferroptosis. PAMK treatment alleviated ferroptosis in thymocytes and thymus injury, and CTX-induced elevated levels of oxidative stress and iron content restored GPX4 protein expression (p < 0.05) and inhibited the CTX-induced activation of the ferroptosis pathway (p < 0.05). Conclusively, PAMK could reduce thymus injury by alleviating CTX-induced thymocyte ferroptosis in gosling to alleviate the immunosuppression caused by CTX in the organism.
Towards Conceptual Clarification of Proactive Inhibitory Control: A Review

The aim of this selective review paper is to clarify potential confusion when referring to the term proactive inhibitory control. Illustrated by a concise overview of the literature, we propose defining reactive inhibition as the mechanism underlying stopping an action. On a stop trial, the stop signal initiates the stopping process that races against the ongoing action-related process that is triggered by the go signal. Whichever processes finishes first determines the behavioral outcome of the race. That is, stopping is either successful or unsuccessful in that trial. Conversely, we propose using the term proactive inhibition to explicitly indicate preparatory processes engaged to bias the outcome of the race between stopping and going. More specifically, these proactive processes include either pre-amping the reactive inhibition system (biasing the efficiency of the stopping process) or presetting the action system (biasing the efficiency of the go process). We believe that this distinction helps meaningful comparisons between various outcome measures of proactive inhibitory control that are reported in the literature and extends to experimental research paradigms other than the stop task.
Relating optimal growth to counterpropagating Rossby waves in shear instability

The optimal dynamics of conservative disturbances to plane parallel shear flows is interpreted in terms of the propagation and mutual interaction of components called counterpropagating Rossby waves (CRWs). Pairs of CRWs were originally used by Bretherton to provide a mechanistic explanation for unstable normal modes in the barotropic Rayleigh model and baroclinic two-layer model. One CRW has large amplitude in regions of positive mean cross-stream potential vorticity (PV) gradient, while the second CRW has large amplitude in regions of negative PV gradient. Each CRW propagates to the left of the mean PV gradient vector, parallel to the mean flow. If the mean flow is more positive where the PV gradient is positive, the intrinsic phase speeds of the two CRWs will be similar. The CRWs interact because the PV anomalies of one CRW induce cross-stream velocity at the location of the other CRW, thus advecting the mean PV. Although a single Rossby wave is neutral, their interaction can result in phase locking an.
Bio-Pulsed Stimulation Effectively Improves the Production of Avian Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles That Enhance the Bioactivity of Skin Fibroblasts and Hair Follicle Cells

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (exosomes) possess regeneration, cell proliferation, wound healing, and anti-senescence capabilities. The functions of exosomes can be modified by preconditioning MSCs through treatment with bio-pulsed reagents (Polygonum multiflorum Thunb extract). However, the beneficial effects of bio-pulsed small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) on the skin or hair remain unknown. This study investigated the in vitro mechanistic basis through which bio-pulsed sEVs enhance the bioactivity of the skin fibroblasts and hair follicle cells. Avian-derived MSCs (AMSCs) were isolated, characterized, and bio-pulsed to produce AMSC-sEVs, which were isolated, lyophilized, characterized, and analyzed. The effects of bio-pulsed AMSC-sEVs on cell proliferation, wound healing, and gene expression associated with skin and hair bioactivity were examined using human skin fibroblasts (HSFs) and follicle dermal papilla cells (HFDPCs). Bio-pulsed treatment significantly enhanced sEVs production by possibly upregulating RAB27A expression in AMSCs. Bio-pulsed AMSC-sEVs contained more exosomal proteins and RNAs than the control. Bio-pulsed AMSC-sEVs significantly augmented cell proliferation, wound healing, and gene expression in HSFs and HFDPCs. The present study investigated the role of bio-pulsed AMSC-sEVs in the bioactivity of the skin fibroblasts and hair follicle cells as mediators to offer potential health benefits for skin and hair.
Evaluation of Nitrate Soil Probes for a More Sustainable Agriculture

Synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizers and their increased production and utilization have played a great role in increasing crop yield and in meeting the food demands resulting from population growth. Nitrate (NO3−) is the common form of nitrogen absorbed by plants. It has high water solubility and low retention by soil particles, making it prone to leaching and mobilization by surface water, which can seriously contaminate biological environments and affect human health. Few methods exist to measure nitrate in the soil. The development of ion selective sensors provides knowledge about the dynamics of nitrate in the soil in real time, which can be very useful for nitrate management. The objective of this study is to analyze the performance of three commercial probes (Nutrisens, RIKA and JXCT) under the same conditions. The performance was analyzed with respect to electrical conductivity (EC) (0–50 mS/cm) and nitrate concentration in aqueous solution and in sand (0–180 ppm NO3−) at 35% volumetric soil moisture. Differences were shown among probes when studying their response to variations of the EC and, notably, only the Nutrisens probe provided coherent accurate measurements. In the evaluation of nitrate concentration in liquid solution, all probes proved to be highly sensitive. Finally, in the evaluation of all probes’ response to modifications in nitrate concentration in sand, the sensitivity decreased for all probes, with the Nutrisens probe the most sensitive and the other two probes almost insensitive.
Reduction of Obesity and Insulin Resistance through Dual Targeting of VAT and BAT by a Novel Combination of Metabolic Cofactors

Obesity is an epidemic disease worldwide, characterized by excessive fat accumulation associated with several metabolic perturbations, such as metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. To improve this situation, a specific combination of metabolic cofactors (MC) (betaine, N-acetylcysteine, L-carnitine, and nicotinamide riboside) was assessed as a promising treatment in a high-fat diet (HFD) mouse model. Obese animals were distributed into two groups, orally treated with the vehicle (obese + vehicle) or with the combination of metabolic cofactors (obese + MC) for 4 weeks. Body and adipose depots weights; insulin and glucose tolerance tests; indirect calorimetry; and thermography assays were performed at the end of the intervention. Histological analysis of epidydimal white adipose tissue (EWAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) was carried out, and the expression of key genes involved in both fat depots was characterized by qPCR. We demonstrated that MC supplementation conferred a moderate reduction of obesity and adiposity, an improvement in serum glucose and lipid metabolic parameters, an important improvement in lipid oxidation, and a decrease in adipocyte hypertrophy. Moreover, MC-treated animals presented increased adipose gene expression in EWAT related to lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation. Furthermore, MC supplementation reduced glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, with an increased expression of the glucose transporter Glut4; and decreased fat accumulation in BAT, raising non-shivering thermogenesis. This treatment based on a specific combination of metabolic cofactors mitigates important pathophysiological characteristics of obesity, representing a promising clinical approach to this metabolic disease.
Prefrontal Cerebral Oxygenated Hemoglobin Concentration during the Category Fluency and Finger-Tapping Tasks in Adults with and without Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered to be the limit between the cognitive changes of aging and early dementia; thus, discriminating between participants with and without MCI is important. In the present study, we aimed to examine the differences in the cerebral oxyhemoglobin signal between individuals with and without MCI. The cerebral oxyhemoglobin signal was measured when the participants (young and elderly controls as well as patients with MCI) performed category fluency, finger tapping, and dual tasks using head-mounted near-infrared spectroscopy; the results were compared between the groups. The cerebral oxyhemoglobin signal trended toward the highest values during the category fluency task in young participants and during the finger-tapping task in elderly participants regardless of the MCI status. The area under the curve was approximately 0.5, indicating a low discrimination ability between elderly participants with and without MCI. The measurement of the blood flow in the prefrontal cortex may not accurately quantify cognitive and motor performance to detect MCI. Finger tapping may increase cerebral blood flow in individuals with and without MCI during the task.
Developmental Relationship Between Metacognitive Monitoring and Reading Comprehension

Metacognitive processes are crucial components of self-regulatory ability. The study examined the developmental relationship between metacognitive monitoring and reading comprehension using longitudinal data from the National Educational Panel Study (NEPS) in Germany. We used a cross-lagged panel analysis – in the framework of Structural Equation Modeling–to examine the reciprocal relationship between metacognitive monitoring (assessed as a retrospective judgement of one’s performance) and reading comprehension at three time points: grades 5, 7, and 9. For the overall group of participants, we consistently found longitudinal reciprocal effects between metacognitive monitoring and reading comprehension from grade 5 to 7 and grade 7 to 9. This implies monitoring accuracy leads to higher reading comprehension over time and vice versa. Although the accuracy of students’ judgement was positively and reciprocally related to reading comprehension, a multi-group cross-lagged panel analyses showed that excessive underestimation appeared to have a more hindering effect than excessive overestimation on later reading comprehension. However, moderate underestimation might be less detrimental than excessive overestimation. In addition to shedding light on the scientific debate on the complex developmental interplay between reading comprehension and metacognitive monitoring, theoretical and practical implications of the results are provided.
The electron density in M82 from the S III mid-infrared line ratio

Strong detections have been made of both the 18.7 microns and 33.4 microns lines of S III in the irregular galaxy M82. This represents the first detection of the 33.4 microns line in an extragalactic object. These measurements sample the ionized gas component which dominates the observed infrared forbidden line and infrared hydrogen recombination line emission. From the ratio of the line fluxes an electron density of 120 (+ 280, - 120) per cu cm is deduced. This result is in agreement with previous estimates of the density derived from high-frequency radio continuum measurements and an assumed emitting volume. They impose further constraints on possible starburst models.
Implementation of Tunneling Junction Passivated Contact Concept in Flexible CIGS Solar Cells

In today's state‐of‐the‐art high‐efficiency silicon solar cells need to be inserted a thin insulating layer in order to reduce the recombination losses between the carrier transport layer and Si surface, which can form a tunneling junction (TJ), thus increasing the performance of the TJ solar cells comparable with the pn junction structure. However, the copper indium gallium selenium (CIGS) solar cells inevitably lead to the losses of the carrier transport due to the interface which is widely assumed as the pn‐heterojunction. Herein, the TJ solar cells, aiming to enhance the performance of the solar cells, are fabricated by inserting the TiO2 between CIGS/CdS interface deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD). By inserting the TiO2 insulating layer, the CIGS/TiO2/CdS structure can be effectively reduced the interface recombination, which leads to a reduced band bending in the p‐CIGS surface and compromises its field‐effect passivation. As a result, the CIGS solar cell with the tunneling junction achieves the 15.57% based on the stainless steel (SS) substrate, by introducing a barrier layer and doping NaF. These results provide an important preliminary foundation for the development of the CIGS solar cells with the tunneling junction structure.
Heterosis in oblong fruited tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) hybrids for growth and yield traits

In the present investigation, oblong fruited nine tomato lines were crossed in full diallel mating design to produce 72 F1 hybrids. Heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis were estimated for growth, fruit yield and quality traits in F1 hybrids. The parental lines, viz. BRML (P3), Arka Ashish (P4), Vybhav (P5), IIVR-L (P6), EC 608406 (P7) and EC 608395 (P8) were found most promising for exploiting heterosis. Considering all the cross combinations individually, the hybrid combinations that out fielded their parents for a maximum number of components for heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis coupled with highper se values were; IIVR-LÃ—Arka Ashish (P6Ã— P4), IIVR-LÃ—Vybhav (P6Ã— P5), EC 608406 Ã— BRML (P7Ã— P3), EC 608395 Ã—IIVR-L (P8Ã— P6) and EC 608406 Ã—IIVR-L (P7Ã— P6). However, hybrids those performed better for yield parameters were not heterotic significantly for quality parameters except P7Ã— P3. The standard heterosis noted in outperforming hybrids P7Ã— P3 (23.99% and 19.80%) and P6Ã— P4 (18.97% and 14.95%) over check hybrids NUN 5024 and COTH-3 respectively. The yield per plant based on per se values were also highest in hybrids P7Ã— P3 (3.91 kg) and P6Ã— P4 (3.75 kg). These promising hybrids could beused for dual purpose (fresh market as well as processing), since they have improved economic traits besides good fruit quality parameters (high TSS) and oblong in shape.
A high-brightness QCW pump source using a pre-aligned GRIN lens array with refractive beam correction

We demonstrate a technique for collimating conduction-cooled QCW diode laser stacks that achieves very high brightness in a compact and robust package. First we collimate the bars in the fast-axis using a pre-aligned array of Doric GRIN cylindrical lenses, where each lens is oriented to correct the gross positioning errors of each bar. We then measure the residual beam errors using a proprietary wavefront mapping system, and fabricate a refractive wavefront correction phaseplate to effectively flatten the wavefront. The type of lens used exhibits particularly low aberration in the presence of misalignment, ensuring that the resultant wavefront can be effectively corrected. We applied the technique to two 0.5 mm pitch, 12-bar stacks operating at 1.2 kW. By this method, we repeatably obtained a 10-fold increase in stack brightness, reducing fast-axis beam divergence for the entire stack to below 0.3°, close to the theoretical limit. The result is an extremely compact, high brightness source optimised for side-pumping thin slab lasers.
Nucleosynthesis

Both Big-Bang and stellar nucleosynthesis have outcomes related to the density of baryonic matter, but whereas in the first case there is a standard model that makes very precise predictions of light element abundances as a function of the mean density of baryons in the Universe, in the second case various uncertainties permit only very limited conclusions to be drawn. As far as Big-Bang synthesis and the light elements are concerned, existing results on D, 3He and 7Li indicate a value of ΩNh20 greater than 0.01 and less than 0.025, where ΩN is the ratio of baryonic density to the closure density and h0 is the Hubble constant in units of 100 km s-1 Mpc-1; probably 0.5 < h0 < 1. New results on the primordial helium abundance give a still tighter upper limit to ΩN,ΩNh20 < 0.013, which when compared with redshift surveys giving Ω > 0.05 implies that the observed matter can all be baryonic only if the various uncertainties are stretched to their limits.
Weighted Association Rules Mining Algorithm Research

Aiming at the problem that most of weighted association rules mining algorithms have not the anti-monotonicity, this paper presents a weighted support-confidence framework which supports anti-monotonicity. On this basis, weighted boolean association rules mining algorithm and weighted fuzzy association rules mining algorithm are presented, which use pruning strategy of Apriori algorithm so that improve the efficiency of frequent itemsets generated. Experimental results show that both algorithms have good performance.
Input Variable Selection in Neural Network Models

One of the most important issues in using neural networks for the analysis of real-world problems is the input variable selection problem. This article connects input variable selection with multiple testing in the neural network regression models. In the proposed procedure, the number and the type of input neurons are selected by means of a testing scheme, based on appropriate measures of relevance of a given input variable to the model. In order to avoid the data snooping problem, family-wise error rate is controlled by using the StepM method proposed by Romano and Wolf (2005). The testing procedure is calibrated by using the subsampling, which is shown to deliver consistent results under weak assumptions on the data generating process and on the structure of the neural network model.
IMAGE SCHEMA OF DEATH IN DONNE’S POETRY: A COGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE SYNONYMOUS WITH MONOTHEISTIC NOTION OF RESURRECTION

The aim of this paper is to analyze Donne’s conceits which are delineated as metaphors by Law (2011, p. 3) in the light of conceptual metaphor theory proposed by Lakoff and Johnson (1980) to gauge what aspects of cognitive linguistics are applicable to Donne’s metaphors. For this purpose, the choice of all-pervasive concept in his poetry has been discussed as an image schema of death. Its various conceptual facets have been explored to find the variety of conceptual metaphors used by Donne to establish the single construal of death. The most conclusive point; however, was to find out if this image schema of death is far from conventional and be liable to fit into Monotheist notion of resurrection elucidated by Abdullah and Lutfi (2019, p. 86). Keywords: Cognitive linguistics, conceptual metaphor theory, image schemas, conceptual blending, Monotheistic notion of death and resurrection.
EXPLICIT ERROR ESTIMATES FOR MIXED AND NONCONFORMING FINITE ELEMENTS

In this paper, we study the explicit expressions of the constants in the error estimates of the lowest order mixed and nonconforming flnite element methods. We start with an explicit relation between the error constant of the lowest order Raviart-Thomas interpolation error and the geometric characters of the triangle. This gives an explicit error constant of the lowest order mixed flnite element method. Furthermore, similar results can be extended to the nonconforming P1 scheme based on its close connection with the lowest order Raviart-Thomas method. Meanwhile, such explicit a priori error estimates can be used as computable error bounds, which are also consistent with the maximal angle condition for the optimal error estimates of mixed and nonconforming flnite element methods.
Comparison of Metagenomics and Metatranscriptomics Tools: A Guide to Making the Right Choice

The study of microorganisms is a field of great interest due to their environmental (e.g., soil contamination) and biomedical (e.g., parasitic diseases, autism) importance. The advent of revolutionary next-generation sequencing techniques, and their application to the hypervariable regions of the 16S, 18S or 23S ribosomal subunits, have allowed the research of a large variety of organisms more in-depth, including bacteria, archaea, eukaryotes and fungi. Additionally, together with the development of analysis software, the creation of specific databases (e.g., SILVA or RDP) has boosted the enormous growth of these studies. As the cost of sequencing per sample has continuously decreased, new protocols have also emerged, such as shotgun sequencing, which allows the profiling of all taxonomic domains in a sample. The sequencing of hypervariable regions and shotgun sequencing are technologies that enable the taxonomic classification of microorganisms from the DNA present in microbial communities. However, they are not capable of measuring what is actively expressed. Conversely, we advocate that metatranscriptomics is a “new” technology that makes the identification of the mRNAs of a microbial community possible, quantifying gene expression levels and active biological pathways. Furthermore, it can be also used to characterise symbiotic interactions between the host and its microbiome. In this manuscript, we examine the three technologies above, and discuss the implementation of different software and databases, which greatly impact the obtaining of reliable results. Finally, we have developed two easy-to-use pipelines leveraging Nextflow technology. These aim to provide everything required for an average user to perform a metagenomic analysis of marker genes with QIMME2 and a metatranscriptomic study using Kraken2/Bracken.
On detachable maps and flows

We study the boundary of the basin of attraction of an asymptotically stable fixed point of a diffeomorphism of . We show that if the dynamical behaviour of f on the basin boundary is ‘complex’, then the boundary itself is complex in a well-defined topological sense. We also use our methods to discuss some related issues.