Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Limb scatter measurements of high altitude cloud distributions

Clouds have pivotal influence on the Earth’s hydrological cycle and climate system because they are intricately involved in the dynamical, chemical, and radiative processes within the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Cirrus clouds occur at high altitude around the tropopause level and, despite their thin appearance and low optical thickness, they contribute to the radiative balance of the atmosphere. The processes in this region of the atmosphere have become increasingly important for a clear understanding of feedback mechanisms in the climate system. The Canadian designed and built Optical Spectrograph and Infrared Imaging System (OSIRIS) satellite instrument measures the spectrum of sunlight scattered from the Earth’s atmosphere at wavelengths from the ultraviolet (280 nm) to the near infrared (810 nm). The limb scattering measurement technique allows OSIRIS to collect information on the vertical profile of atmospheric chemical and particle composition at a resolution of approximately 2 km with nearly global daily coverage. In this work, a technique characterizing the distribution of cirrus cloud top occurrences from OSIRIS limb scattering radiance profiles is presented. The technique involves computing residual profiles by comparing normalized measured radiance and modelled molecular density profiles where mismatches between the two traces indicate the presence of clouds. Probability density functions of scattering residuals show the distribution is not a continuum measurement; there is a clear distinction between the cloudy and cloud-free conditions. Observations show high cloud top occurrences in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere region above Indonesia and Central America. Results obtained using the high altitude cloud detection technique and OSIRIS measurements are compared to those by Sassen et al. (2008) who used CALIPSO nadir measurements and to those by Wang et al. (1996) who used SAGE II solar occultation measurements of cirrus clouds. The cloud detection technique is applied to three case studies. Cloud top detections are used to support results presented in Dessler (2009) who theorized the local relative humidity controls either dehydration or hydration of the lower stratosphere through the efficiency of evaporation of ice lofted by deep convection. The second study makes use of the cloud detection technique to eliminate cloud-containing scans as to identify an Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer in support of Vernier et al. (2011). Finally, the technique is used to track the dispersion and evolution of the volcanic plume following the Sarychev eruption in June 2009 since monitoring volcanic plumes is an effective way to help mitigate aviation hazards.
LARGE EARTHQUAKE MAGNITUDE PREDICTION IN TAIWAN BASED ON DEEP LEARNING NEURAL NETWORK

In this paper, a deep learning-based method for earthquake prediction is proposed. Large-magnitude earthquakes and tsunamis triggered by earthquakes can kill thousands of people and cause millions of dollars worth of economic losses. The accurate prediction of large-magnitude earthquakes is a worldwide problem. In recent years, deep learning technology that can automatically extract features from mass data has been applied in image recognition, natural language processing, object recognition, etc., with great success. We explore to apply deep learning technology to earthquake prediction. We propose a deep learning method for continuous earthquake prediction using historical seismic events. First, we project the historical seismic events onto a topographic map. Taking Taiwan as an example, we generate the images of the dataset for deep learning and mark a label “1” or “0”, depending on whether in the upcoming 30 days a greater than M6 earthquake will occur. Second, we train our deep leaning network model, using the images of the dataset. Finally, we make earthquake predictions, using the trained network model. The result shows that we can get the best result, when we predict earthquakes in the upcoming 30 days using data from the past 120 days. Here, we use R score as the performance metrics. The best R score is 0.303. Although the R score is not high enough, using the past 120 days’ historic seismic event to predict the upcoming 30 days’ biggest earthquake magnitude can be seen as the pattern of Taiwan earthquake because the R score is rather good compared to other datasets. The proposed method performs well without manually designing feature vectors, as in the traditional neural network method. This method can be applied to earthquake prediction in other seismic zones.
Lipoproteins, Cholesterol, and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in East Asians and Europeans

One fifth of the world population live in East Asia comprising Japan, Korea, and China where ischemic heart disease, a major component of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), is the second most frequent cause of death. Each of low-density lipoproteins (LDL), remnant lipoproteins, and lipoprotein(a), summarized as non-high-density lipoproteins (non-HDL) or apolipoprotein B (apoB) containing lipoproteins, causes ASCVD. However, a significant proportion of the evidence on lipoproteins and lipoprotein cholesterol with risk of ASCVD came from White people mainly living in Europe and North America and not from people living in East Asia or of East Asian descent. With a unique biological, geohistorical, and social background in this world region, East Asians have distinctive characteristics that might have potential impact on the association of lipoproteins and lipoprotein cholesterol with risk of ASCVD. Considering the movement across national borders in the World, understanding of lipoprotein and lipoprotein cholesterol evidence on ASCVD in East Asia is important for both East Asian and non-East Asian populations wherever they live in the World. In this review, we introduce the biological features of lipoproteins and lipoprotein cholesterol and the evidence for their association with risk of ASCVD in East Asian and European populations. We also provide an overview of guideline recommendations for prevention of ASCVD in these two different world regions. Finally, specific preventive strategies and future perspectives are touched upon.
Étude des champs de contraintes néogènes à actuels des Alpes du sud : implications sur la géodynamique alpine et l’activité sismique

Ce travail de these presente une analyse geologique combinant plusieurs methodes : geologie structurale des bassins neogenes et plio-quaternaires, inversion comparee des couples failles/stries et mecanismes au foyer ainsi qu’une l’analyse de la repartition spatiale et temporelle de la sismicite en relation avec la pluviometrie, avec pour objectif de comprendre quelle est la signification de l’activite sismique dans un systeme orogenique lent en prenant pour exemple le sud des Alpes Occidentales. Les principaux resultats sont les suivants : La region soumise a un raccourcissement nord-sud revele par l’analyse et le caractere syn-tectonique des bassins miocenes et plio-quaternaires. La deformation est principalement accommodee par des systemes decrochants N140 dextres. Ces systemes decrochants concentrent la deformation active le long de structures heritees. On trouve de facon synchrone de l’extension (au nord-ouest du massif du Mercantour) et de la compression (au pied de la marge Ligure) le long d’un meme systeme decrochant N140 dextre. La transition se fait progressivement, passant d’un regime transtensif au nord (depression de Jausiers) vers un regime transpressif au sud qui s’explique par des permutations de contraintes. Cette geodynamique alpine est temporellement et cinematiquement reliee a une rotation continue de la micro-plaque apulienne et ce depuis le Miocene, controlee par l’ouverture des bassins ligure puis tyrrhenien. Le moteur de la tectonique active semble donc lie a la rotation de l’Apulie elle-meme controlee par la subduction en Mediterranee.
Evaluation of Anticancer Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Premnacorymbosa Rottl. Leaves

To study the anticancer activity of ethanolic extract of Premna corymbosa Rottl. Leaves. Method:The Ethanolic extract of Premna corymbosa Rottl. Leaves (EEPC) were evaluated for anti-cancer activity against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) bearing swiss albino mice and for the present anticancer study we used two concentration of ethanolic extract of Premna corymbosa Rottl. (EEPC) in the dose of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg in 1% carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) and were given orally. Result: The leaf of Premna corymbosa Rottl was selected for the study, on the basis of ethanobotanical information which reveals its uses against one of the most hazardous disease cancer which shown significant response. Conclusion: The leaves of Premna corymbosa Rottl. Has been studied to compare and give detailed reports on pharmacological studied on it.
Impact of a passive clinical decision support tool on potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) use in older adult patients

Medication related clinical decision support (CDS) interventions may improve patient safety. In older patient populations, there has been effort placed in reducing exposure to potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs). After years of reducing exposure of older adults in our hospitals to PIMs through multi‐component interventions, our system chose to expand the scope and attempt a new strategy to lessen alert burden for providers and pharmacists. Based on the American Geriatric Society Beers Criteria and internal data, a passive CDS approach, termed “geriatric context” was established to recommend appropriate medication selection including lower dosage amounts and frequency of administration in older adults.
Research on an ankle rehabilitation robot for hemiplegic patients after stroke

This paper proposes an ankle rehabilitation robot to assist hemiplegic patients with movement training. The robot consists of two symmetric mechanisms, allowing stroke survivors to execute ankle rehabilitation training based on physiological differences. LPMS-B sensors measure the range of movement (ROM) of the human ankle joint, and the results are used for control parameters of the robot. Control strategies for constant speed training mode, constant torque training mode, and combination training mode are put forth based on the hardware system of the robot. Experiments verify the feasibility of the robot for ankle rehabilitation training. Results show a maximum mean error of 0.3364° between the trajectory of the intact side and the affected side, a maximum mean error of 0.0335°/s between target speed and experimental speed, and a maximum mean error of 0.0775 N m between target torque and experimental torque. The ankle joint rehabilitation robot proposed in this paper can help patients complete the training well under the three control modes. Graphical abstract
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Expectations, Open Market Operations, and Changes in the Federal Funds Rate

T he process through which Federal Reserve decisions about monetary policy are transmitted to the federal funds market has changed significantly in recent years. In 1994 the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) began to issue a public statement whenever it increased or decreased its target for the federal funds rate. This target is now the focus of activities at the Trading Desk at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. In particular, the FOMC directs the Trading Desk to buy and sell securities so that conditions in the federal funds market are consistent with an average federal funds rate near this target. While FOMC decisions in earlier years were made in terms of a federal funds rate target, these decisions were communicated to the market in a less explicit way than they are now, and the communications were misinterpreted on a number of occasions. 1 Now, when the FOMC publicly announces changes in its funds rate target, the market reacts very quickly and sometimes without any immediate open market purchases or sales by the Trading Desk to alter the supply of Fed balances. 2 As stated by Meulendyke (1998, p. 142), " The rate has tended to move to the new, preferred level as soon as the banks knew the intended rate. " There have also been regulatory and technological changes affecting the federal funds market. Starting in July 1998 the Federal Reserve changed from a contemporaneous system of reserve accounting to a lagged system similar to a policy in place years ago. Under the new lagged reserve requirements , the two-week reserve maintenance period begins 17 days after the end of the two-week reserve computation period. This has probably led to better estimates of reserve requirements by the Trading Desk and the banks, but it has also eliminated the possibility of any contemporaneous response of required reserves to the interest rate. Another significant change made possible by computer technology is the ability of financial institutions to efficiently " sweep " their consumers' accounts from those with reserve requirements into those without reserve requirements. These sweeps have allowed required reserve balances to decline sharply from about $30 billion in 1990, to $15 billion in 1996, to only about $5 to 6 billion today. As a result, holding Fed balances to facilitate interbank payments is of greater importance for many banks than holding reserves for legal requirements. At the same time, …
Focal Mechanism of Earthquakes on Island Arcs in the Southwest Pacific Region

The focal mechanisms of 33 earthquakes that occurred along island arcs from New Guinea to the Fiji Islands have been determined from the long-period seismograms of the World-Wide Standardized Seismograph Network and some other observations. The observed first motions of P waves show a quadrantal distribution for most of the earthquakes. The solutions for some earthquakes are also supported by the source amplitudes of P waves, which have been corrected for the effects of propagation and instrument. The polarization angles of S waves for several earthquakes suggest the double-couple type mechanism. The axes of the maximum pressures inferred from a number of the solutions are oriented almost perpendicularly to the trend of the island arcs in some cases, but nearly parallel in other cases. The plunge of the pressure axis for most of intermediate and deep earthquakes appears to be parallel to the dip of the spatial distribution of foci.
The island Melanesians

List of Plates. List of Figures and Tables. Preface. 1. This Island Melanesian World. Introduction: An Archaeological View. Island Melanesian Language. The Island Melanesian People. A Lapita and Post-Lapita "Community of Culture". The Island Melanesian World. Conclusions. 2. Early Settlement: 40,000 to 20,000 Years Ago. Early Settlement in Island Melanesia: Who and When. Voyaging. Settlement and Subsistence Prior to 20,000 years ago. Early Settlement of Vanuatu and New Caledonia? 3. Settling In: 20,000 to 6000 Year Ago. Seal Level Changes. The Archaeological Sites. Cultural Changes. Economic Change: 20,000 to 6000 BP. Early Island Melanesians. 4. The World Turned Upside Down: 6000 to 3000 Years Ago. The Lapita Cultural Complex. Sites of the Immediately Pre-Lapita Period. The Argument for Continuity. The Agricultural Question. Lapita Discontinuities. The Origins of the Lapita Culture. A Lapita Language? A Lapita People? : The Evidence from Genetics. How Southeast Asian is Lapita? Lapita Social Organisation. The Structure of the Lapita Migration. Lapita Origins Revisited. 5. Success and Failure of Lapita: 3000 to 2000 Years Ago. The Bismarcks. The Solomons. Vanuatu. New Caledonia. Contemporary Non-Lapita Sites. The Micronesian Connection. The Lapita Legacy. 6. The Making of Traditional Island Melanesian Cultures: 2000 to 750 Years Ago. The End of Lapita. Investigating Alternatives. The Bismarcks. The Solomons. Vanuatu. New Caledonia. The Legacy of Polynesian Contact. 8. Ships from the West: Island Melanesians Encounter the Europeans. The Conquest of the Conquistadors, 1528-1606 AD. Fleeting Glimpses, 1616-1722 AD. The Major European 'Discoveries', 1767-1774. Final First Meetings, 1781-1850 AD. Legacies of Contact. 9. Custom and Continuity in Island Melanesian Cultures. The Impact on Population. Impact on Settlement Pattern. Subsistence Change. Environmental Degradation. Mobility. Challenges to Authority Structures. The Position of Women. Directions and Constraints from the Past. 10. An Island Melanesian Future? Index.
Regional Changes to Lake Effect Snow Levels in New York State Under Projected Future Climate Conditions

Lake-effect snowstorms are an important element of climate and weather in the Great Lakes region of North America. Here, I investigate how lake-effect snow levels could change in the future with anthropogenic climate change as predicted by a regional climate model (RegCM3) driven by two different sets of global climate model output (from GFDL CM2.1 and CGCM3, experiments run as part of the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program, Phase II). I analyze a subset of the domain focused on the Great Lakes area, paying particular attention to the southeastern Lake Ontario Snowbelt and the southeastern Lake Erie Snowbelt, both of which are mainly within New York State. My results show a decrease in lake-effect snow cover in the future (2040-2070) compared to the recent past (1970-2000) for this region. Total precipitation levels are shown to not change significantly, so it is likely that lake-effect snowstorms will be replaced largely by rain in the future. Both magnitudes of values as well as trends for snow levels in specific cities varied significantly depending on which global climate model output was used to drive RegCM3, pointing to a possibly serious source of uncertainty and error in regional climate modeling studies that do not utilize multiple global climate model output.
Assessment of nature-based tourism in South Kelantan, Malaysia.

Nature-based tourism is an important part of the global tourism industry, and its components and features vary considerably from one destination to another. In Malaysia, location, quality and quantity of natural resources, and their infrastructure have not been well documented in the past. Thus, this paper attempts to assess the potential of natural tourism destinations in South Kelantan, by selecting fifteen destinations such as waterfalls and caves as case studies. Based on GIS application, 23 indicators for tourism destination assessment were investigated using observation and checklist techniques. The destinations were further classified based on physical features, infrastructure and accessibility. The results showed that 3 destinations were in the first category, 11 in the second category and only one destination in the third category. This study found that GIS application is effective in providing higher quality of information for natural tourism destination, which is an essential tool for decision making process.
Providing Support for Integrated Scientific Computing : Metacomputing Meets the Semantic Web and the Grid

In this paper, we present an integrated system architecture for metacomputing on top of distributed scientific resources via active semantic-driven information management. Our approach is to consider both data and programs as objects of an applicationspecific ontology, describing them via corresponding metadata schemata that can be exploited to search for and to generate information in an efficient and automated way. Metacomputations are expressed in the form of workflows thereby enabling a flexible combination of data and program objects that can reside on different servers or grid recources. Workflow descriptions are associated with ontology concepts and can be activated as a sideeffect of searching for information to produce new data on demand. We also report on the current status of an implementation that provides support for several aspects of this architecture.
On maximum norm convergence of multigrid methods for two- point boundary value problems

• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Outcome of conventional radiotherapy in small centrally located tumours or lymph nodes: minimal toxicity, remarkable survival but challenging loco-regional control

Abstract Background In peripheral lung tumours, stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is superior to conventional RT. SBRT has also shown high loco-regional control (LC) in centrally located tumours, but there is a high risk of severe toxicity. The STRICTSTARLung trial (NCT05354596) examines if risk-adapted SBRT for central tumours is feasible. In this study, we examined overall survival (OS), Disease-free survival (DSF), LC, and toxicity in patients with central tumours that could have been candidates for SBRT but received conventional RT. Material and methods Retrospectively, we evaluated 49 lung cancer patients that between 2008 and 2021 received RT (60–70Gy in 2 Gy fractions) for a solitary tumour or lymph node with a diameter <5cm located <2cm from the bronchial tree, oesophagus, aorta or heart. All tumours were pathologically verified; 30 were primary lung tumours (T1b-T4) and 19 were solitary lymph nodes (T0N1-N2). Chemotherapy was administered as concomitant (29) or sequential (4). OS and LC were analysed using Kaplan Meier. Cox proportional hazards model for OS and disease-free survival (DFS) was performed including tumour volume, histology, sex, T- vs N-site and chemotherapy. Toxicity was scored. Results In 42 patients, the tumour was located <1 cm to mediastinum. Median follow-up time was 44 months (range: 7–123). The median OS was 51 months. OS at 1-, 3- and 5-year was 88% (SE:5), 59% (SE:7) and 50% (SE:8). Loco-regional recurrences occurred in 16 patients resulting in 1-, and 3-year LC rates of 77% (SE:6) and 64% (SE:8). The majority occurred within 3 years after RT. Only stage showed significant impact on OS and DFS. No patients experienced grade 4–5 toxicity. Seven patients developed grade 3 toxicity (5 oesophageal stenosis, 2 pneumonitis). Conclusion Conventional RT for patients with small central lung tumours or solitary lymph nodes is feasible. Median OS was 51 months, and toxicity was low with no grade 4–5 events.