Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TOWARD AN EVOLUTIONARY PRODUCTION THEORY PRINCIPLES AND ELEMENTS

In this paper I begin an attempt to carry out some of the program sketched out in my 1982 paper, "An Essay on the Theory of Production. " That program is to create an alternative production theory that covers much of the ground covered by standard production theory, but, much more importantly, also provides a helpful platform for theories of invention, innovation and change, both organizational and technological. The 1982 paper explains why standard production theory is extraordinari ly ill-suited for that task, and along the way sets forth a story of why and how it became so. The proposed alternative theory is "evolutionary" in more than one sense, but first and foremost in the sense that it is intended to be useful in the context of a broader evolutionary perspective on economic activity. One key principle is that the theory is directed to the structure of what is possible and abstains from comment on what is impossible, except perhaps for appropriate deference to what the natural sciences may have to offer on the subject. Some propositions of standard economic theory do not require assumptions about what is impossible, but important ones do. Any proposition that rests on the assumption that X is impossible is vulnerable to overthrow by an innovative advance that makes X possible. This sort of thing happens often enough to make it clear that a theory intended to work in a changing world must be very circumspect about declaring things impossible.
Ground states of semi-relativistic Pauli-Fierz and no-pair Hamiltonians in QED at critical Coulomb coupling

We consider the semi-relativistic Pauli-Fierz Hamiltonian and a no-pair model of a hydrogen-like atom interacting with a quantized photon field at the respective critical values of the Coulomb coupling constant. For arbitrary values of the fine-structure constant and the ultra-violet cutoff, we prove the existence of normalizable ground states of the atomic system in both models. This complements earlier results on the existence of ground states in (semi-)relativistic models of quantum electrodynamics at sub-critical coupling by E. Stockmeyer and the present authors. Technically, the main new achievement is an improved estimate on the spatial exponential localization of low-lying spectral subspaces yielding uniform bounds at large Coulomb coupling constants. In the semi-relativistic Pauli-Fierz model our exponential decay rate given in terms of the binding energy reduces to the one known from the electronic model when the radiation field is turned off. In particular, an increase of the binding energy due to the radiation field is shown to improve the localization of ground states.
Atmospheric parameter determination for massive stars via non-LTE spectrum analysis

We describe a self-consistent spectrum analysis technique employing non-LTE line formation, which allows precise atmospheric parameters of massive stars to be derived: 1σ -uncertainties as low as ~1% in effective temperature and ~0.05–0.10 dex in surface gravity can be achieved. Special emphasis is given to the minimisation of the main sources of systematic errors in the atmospheric model computation, the observed spectra and the quantitative spectral analysis. Examples of applications are discussed for OB-type stars near the main sequence and their evolved progeny, the BA-type supergiants, covering masses of ~8 to 25 M⊙ and a range in effective temperature from ~8000 to 35000 K. Relaxing the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium in stellar spectral synthesis has been shown to be decisive for improving the accuracy of quantitative analyses. Despite the present examples, which concentrate on hot, massive stars, the same philosophy can be applied to line-formation calculations for all types of stars, including cooler objects like the Sun, once the underlying stellar atmospheric physics is reproduced consistently.
Preliminary Investigation on the Relationship between Raman Spectra of Beef and Metmyoglobin and Metmyoglobin Reductase Activity

A hand-held Raman spectroscopic device was used as a rapid nondestructive testing device to predict the metmyoglobin (MetMb) and metmyoglobin reductase activity (MRA) values on the surface layer of fresh beef. Longissimus dorsi muscles were from 10 young bulls (Holstein-Friesian) from two different cattle farms (group A = 5 and B = 5). The Raman spectra of 100 samples were correlated with the MetMb and MRA values using partial least squares regression (PLSR). Two groups could be discriminated, and the separate correlation models were better than the joint correlation model for the fresh beef. The coefficients of determination are R2 = 0.81 (group A) and R2 = 0.87 (group B) for MetMb and R2 = 0.80 (group A) and R2 = 0.85 (group B) for MRA. The results show the usefulness of Raman spectra in predicting the inner traits such as MetMb and MRA during meat storage. In conclusion, it is feasible to determine the MetMb and MRA values by Raman spectroscopy. Color is an important indicator of beef freshness and can vary depending on the age, sex, and breed of the cow. They play a very important role in human nutrition. The color of meat is an important indicator of meat freshness, and many researchers are already investigating the causes of color changes. The research was conducted in this environment.
Road and Car Extraction Using UAV Images via Efficient Dual Contextual Parsing Network

The rapid development and commercialization of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology has made it possible to conduct urban traffic information extraction using UAV images. However, the large variations of targets in urban environments, complex foregrounds and backgrounds in cities, and severe tree and shadow occlusions pose great challenges in car and road extraction using UAV images. In this study, we propose a lightweight, efficient dual contextual parsing network (EDCPNet) to address the above issues. The proposed efficient dual contextual parsing (EDCP) module in EDCPNet is mainly composed of spatial contextual parsing (SCP) and channel contextual parsing (CCP), which can effectively acquire rich contextual features in both spatial and channel dimensions, adaptively recalibrate the attention weights, perceive the salient features of targets in images, and suppress the importance of irrelevant elements. It, thus, leads to improved performance and adaptability that facilitate the practical applications of large-scale urban traffic monitoring in complex urban scenes. We conduct experiments on two benchmark datasets [UAV image dataset (UAVid) and urban drone dataset (UDD)] by comparing the proposed EDCPNet with six other competing methods, i.e., U-Net, PSPNet, Deelabv3+, SegNet, ESNet, and ERFNet, and validate the effectiveness of the proposed EDCP module via extensive ablation studies. The results suggest that the proposed network outperforms all competing methods in car and road extraction from UAV images with a balanced computational cost. Its great performance and low computational demand (with only 2.37M model parameters) facilitate its deployment on edge computing devices with memory constraints.
Strong QCD and Dyson-Schwinger Equations

The real-world properties of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) - the strongly-interacting piece of the Standard Model - are dominated by two emergent phenomena: confinement; namely, the theory's elementary degrees-of-freedom - quarks and gluons - have never been detected in isolation; and dynamical chiral symmetry breaking (DCSB), which is a remarkably effective mass generating mechanism, responsible for the mass of more than 98% of visible matter in the Universe. These phenomena are not apparent in the formulae that define QCD, yet they play a principal role in determining Nature's observable characteristics. Much remains to be learnt before confinement can properly be understood. On the other hand,the last decade has seen important progress in the use of relativistic quantum field theory, so that we can now explain the origin of DCSB and are beginning to demonstrate its far-reaching consequences. Dyson-Schwinger equations have played a critical role in these advances. These lecture notes provide an introduction to Dyson-Schwinger equations (DSEs), QCD and hadron physics, and illustrate the use of DSEs to predict phenomena that are truly observable.
A homemade freezing unit for ice-templating

A novel freezing unit was developed for use in ceramic processing by the freeze casting technique. This step is crucial, since the macrostructure promoted by this technique is formed during freezing. Several authors present basic information about the apparatus used in the freezing step, but there are no studies that describe a complete unit as we do in this work and there is no commercial equipment for this purpose. The components of the freezing unit were selected according to function, suitability to project, cost and market availability. Advanced ceramic samples of ZnFe2O4, MnFe2O4, CoFe2O4, NiFe2O4, SiO2, Al2O3 and metallic Cu were produced using the freezing unit and the results of typical macrostructure and porosity analysis validated the chosen setup.
Comparative study for evaluating the cost efficiency of 5G Ethernet mobile fronthaul networks

With the advances in mobile network technologies, the fronthaul is being evolved to centralized and cloud networks, leading to the emergence of various optical multiplexing architectures. Among others, the Ethernet-based packet switching network is considered one of the most promising concepts due to the inherent merits of Ethernet such as backward compatibility, high reliability, and cost reduction. This work aims at evaluating the Ethernet-based mobile fronthaul network by comparing it with other configuration options. In particular, we calculate and compare the total cost of ownership (TCO) in order to emphasize the cost efficiency of the 5G Ethernet fronthaul network. For this, we analyze the packet aggregation capabilities of the Ethernet fronthaul through queueing latency modeling. Hence, we show that the statistical multiplexing enabled by packet switching reduces the cost related to optical transceiver modules and subsequently fiber optic cabling, which eventually allows for the TCO to be less than 70% of the active transparent system.
A Method to Generate Initial Fault Stresses for Physics-Based Ground-Motion Prediction Consistent with Regional Seismicity

Near-field ground motion is the major blind spot of seismic hazard studies, mainly because of the challenges in accounting for source effects. Initial stress heterogeneity is an important component of physics-based approaches to ground-motion prediction that represents source effects through dynamic earthquake rupture modeling. We hypothesize that stress heterogeneity on a fault primarily originates from past background seismicity. We develop a new method to generate stochastic stress distributions as a superposition of residual stresses left by the previous ruptures that are consistent with regional distributions of earthquake size and hypocentral depth. We validate our method on Mw 7 earthquake models suitable for California by obtaining a satisfactory agreement with empirical earthquake scaling laws and ground-motion prediction equations. To avoid the excessive seismic radiation produced by dynamic models with abrupt arrest at preset rupture borders, we achieve spontaneous rupture arrest by incorporating a growth of fracture energy as a function of hypocentral distance. Our analyses of rupture and ground motion reveal particular signatures of the initial stress heterogeneity: rupture can locally propagate at supershear speed near the highly stressed areas; the position of high-stress and low-stress areas due to initial stress heterogeneity determines how the peak ground-motion amplitudes and polarization spatially vary along the fault, as low-stress areas slow down the rupture and decrease stress drop. We also find that the medium stratification in the fault zone amplifies fault slip and consequent ground motion, which requires understanding the interaction between site effects and rupture dynamics. Our approach advances our understanding of the relations between dynamic features of earthquake ruptures and the statistics of regional seismicity, and our capability to integrate information about regional seismicity into near-field ground-motion prediction.
SECure: SE block-based classification of buildings post hurricane

When hurricane happens, immediate and accurate assessment on housing damage is critical for rescuers. It is essential for the government to detect and measure the number and rating of the damaged buildings. Traditional way is to process this task manually, which is time-consuming. Recently, with the achievement made in the field of deep learning, this task could be done more easily using Convolutional Neural Networks. In this paper, we aim to classify the damaged buildings post hurricane using CNN models. We experiment with four different models and propose the final model-- SECure. SECure utilizes SE block to generate channel attention for feature representations, leading to a better performance. SECure achieves 97.95% accuracy on validation set, which can show a significant performance on handling this task. We hope our innovation can be facilitate the usage of CNN in real-world rescue scenarios.
Planar Permutation Graphs

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Design and Evaluation of an Integrated Autonomous Control Method for Automobile Terminals

Background: Automobile terminals play a key role in global finished car supply chains. Due to their connecting character between manufacturers on the one side and distributers on the other side, they are continuously faced with volatile demand fluctuations and unforeseen dynamic events, which cannot be handled adequately by existing planning methods. Autonomous control concepts already showed promising results coping with such dynamics. Methods: This paper describes the causes of dynamics and the terminal systems’ inherent shortcomings in dealing with such dynamics. On this basis, it derives terminal’s demand for novel planning approaches and presents a new integrated autonomous control method for automobile terminals. This novel autonomous control approach combines yard and berth assignments. This paper evaluates the performance of the new approach in a small comprehensive generic scenario. It compares classical planning approaches with the new autonomous control approach, by using a discrete event simulation model. Moreover, it analyses all relevant parameters of the new approach in a full factorial experiment design. In a second step this paper proves the applicability of the combined autonomous control approach to real-world terminals. It presents a simulation model of a real-world terminal and compares the new method with the existing terminal planning approaches. Results: This paper will show that the autonomous control approach is capable of outperforming existing centralized planning methods. In the generic and in the real-world case the new combined method leads to the best logistic target achievement. Conclusions: The new approach is highly suitable to automobile terminal systems and helps to overcome existing shortcomings. Especially in highly dynamic and complex settings, autonomous control performs better than conventional yard planning approaches.
Open Access book publisher

considered pixels located in correspondence to continuous GPS stations and leveling benchmarks and, for each of these points, we compared the retrieved DInSAR time-series with those obtained from the geodetic measurements, projected on the radar LOS. Note that, although we did not perform any filtering of the atmospheric phase artifacts affecting the DInSAR time-series, there is a good agreement between the SAR and the geodetic measurements. These results f confirm the effectiveness of the proposed phase unwrapping approach. This book provides a current overview of the theoretical and experimental aspects of some interferometry techniques applied to Topography and Astronomy. The first two chapters comprise interferometry techniques used for precise measurement of surface topography in engineering applications; while chapters three through eight are dedicated to interferometry applications related to Earth's topography. The last chapter is an application of interferometry in Astronomy, directed specifically to detection of planets outside our solar system. Each chapter offers an opportunity to expand the knowledge about interferometry techniques and encourage researchers in development of new interferometry applications.
Caracterización geométrica de daños superficiales empleando técnicas ópticas de campo completo

In this research, it is studied the damage produced on specimens with different geometries. To develop the investigation the non contact optic technique Digital Image Correlation (DIC) is used to measure the out of plane displacements of the defect. The information provided by DIC is post processed with an algorithm designed to quantify geometrical aspects, for example, the area, the volume or the maximum depth of the damage. The results are compared with other obtain with traditional experimental techniques as a dial indicator and a profile projector. Finally damage with irregular geometries, difficult to measure with traditional techniques, are measured with the experimental methodology proposed, highlighting the potential of DIC to analyze external structural damage.
Solitary Wave Propagation Using a Novel Single Fluid Finite Volume Method for Free Surface Gravity Waves

Accurate prediction of wave loads from extreme waves on individual beams in offshore jacket structures are important to ensure the structural integrity. As the load distribution along a beam is strongly tied to the wave kinematics it is crucial to have an accurate prediction of the surface elevation and the velocity field. The open-source CFD code OpenFOAM contains two solution algorithms (interFoam and interIsoFoam), which are used for ocean wave simulations and wave load predictions. The algorithms are often applied using a too coarse spatial discretisation, which violates the assumption of a continuous solution at the free surface. The consequence is inaccurate and unphysical predictions even for propagation of a steady wave. Our recently developed Direct Surface Description (DSD) solution algorithm in OpenFOAM is used to simulate a solitary wave with different cell aspect ratios. The solitary wave case shows that the DSD method provides accurate velocity fields and surface elevations both for square and horizontally elongated cells.
Impacts of a nutrient trading plan on stream water quality in Sugar Creek, Ohio

In the early 2000s, a phosphorus nutrient trading plan (NTP) requiring best management practices (BMPs) to be installed as pollution abatement strategies to offset phosphorus waste from the Alpine Cheese Company was implemented in four subwatersheds of Sugar Creek in northeast Ohio. To assess the impacts of the Alpine NTP, 49 sites were sampled approximately biweekly from 2010 to 2018 for phosphate, total phosphorus, nitrate, ammonia, and total nitrogen. In addition, the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency conducted stream health surveys at 21 sites before and after the BMPs were implemented. This study evaluated the potential impact of 68 BMPs implemented under the NTP on the observed changes in nutrient concentrations and stream health indicators. Most nutrient concentrations observed during high discharge conditions showed significant declines from 2010 to 2018 for all subwatersheds, which was most likely due to BMPs that reduced erosion and surface runoff. However, there were fewer significant declines and some significant increases in nutrient levels during low discharge conditions, suggesting a possible contribution from legacy nutrient sources. Most sites reported increases in stream health indicators, but many streams are still below recommended levels. Collectively, the installation of BMPs and decreases in nutrient concentrations observed during high discharge conditions can be attributed to the NTP and likely contributed to improved stream health.
Improved Sparse Signal Recovery via Adaptive Correlated Noise Model

Sparse signal recovery consists of employing a sparsity promoting regularizer to estimate the underlying signal from an incomplete set of measurements. Typical recovery approaches involve an alternating procedure where the estimate of the signal is progressively refined through filtering its degraded observation by a denoiser. The filter acts, implicitly, as a regularizer for the estimate. Hence, the implicit regularization is determined by the signal model underlying the denoising filter, as well as by the model of effective noise (i.e. degradation to be filtered) adopted by the filter. We improve the recovery by an adaptive stationary correlated noise model and the corresponding denoiser in place of the traditional filters for uncorrelated white noise. The effective noise can vary as the recovery progresses and we track these variations by estimating the noise correlation at every iteration. Competitive inverse problems are considered as benchmarks, including compressive spectral/temporal imaging and 2D/3D tomography. Analysis of the effective noise within each application demonstrates that it features various forms of correlation, which if leveraged by a denoiser lead to a better and faster signal recovery.
Sulphur-bearing molecules in diffuse molecular clouds: new results from SOFIA/GREAT and the IRAM 30 m telescope

We have observed five sulphur-bearing molecules in foreground diffuse molecular clouds lying along the sight-lines to five bright continuum sources. We have used the GREAT instrument on SOFIA to observe the SH 1383 GHz Π3/2 J = 5/2 ← 3/2 lambda doublet towards the star-forming regions W31C, G29.96–0.02, G34.3+0.1, W49N and W51, detecting foreground absorption towards all five sources; and the EMIR receivers on the IRAM 30m telescope at Pico Veleta to detect the H2S 110−101 (169 GHz), CS J = 2−1 (98 GHz) and SO 32 − 21 (99 GHz) transitions. Upper limits on the H3S 10 − 00 (293 GHz) transitions were also obtained at the IRAM 30 m. In nine foreground absorption components detected towards these sources, the inferred column densities of the four detected molecules showed relatively constant ratios, with N(SH)/N(H2S) in the range 1.1 – 3.0, N(CS)/N(H2S) in the range 0.32 – 0.61, and N(SO)/N(H2S) in the range 0.08 – 0.30. The column densities of the sulphur-bearing molecules are very well correlated amongst themselves, moderately well correlated with CH (a surrogate tracer for H2), and poorly correlated with atomic hydrogen. The observed SH/H2 ratios – in the range 5 to 26 ×10 – indicate that SH (and other sulphur-bearing molecules) account for ≪ 1% of the gas-phase sulphur nuclei. The observed abundances of sulphur-bearing molecules, however, greatly exceed those predicted by standard models of cold diffuse molecular clouds, providing further evidence for the enhancement of endothermic reaction rates by elevated temperatures or ion-neutral drift. We have considered the observed abundance ratios in the context of shock and turbulent dissipation region (TDR) models. Using the TDR model, we find that the turbulent energy available at large scale in the diffuse ISM is sufficient to explain the observed column densities of SH and CS. Standard shock and TDR models, however, fail to reproduce the column densities of H2S and SO by a factor of about 10; more elaborate shock models – in which account is taken of the velocity drift, relative to H2, of SH molecules produced by the dissociative recombination of H3S – reduce this discrepancy to a factor ∼ 3.