Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Research Online Research Online Single Portion Packaging and the Use of User Test Protocols to Determine Single Portion Packaging and the Use of User Test Protocols to Determine Patient Accessibility Patient Accessibility

Abstract In 2015, the UK National Health Service (NHS) established a taskforce to review single portion food and beverage packaging, which has been identified as a potential challenge to users in hospitals. Hence, a study was undertaken to determine the suitability and accessibility of the current single portion packs. The packaging was assessed using ISO 17480 (Guidelines for Accessible Packaging), Annex D. The standard determines a pass or fail of packaging opening asking a panel 20 older adults to open a pack. A pack is recorded as a failure if within the 20 people cohort, there is an example of pack being unable to be opened within the time limit (defined as 1 minute) or the overall satisfaction score ranks below 3 on a 5-point Likert scale. Ten standard single portion packaging items were randomly selected for testing. The packs were chosen to reflect a broad range of food and beverage and packaging types. The results showed that the standard provided useful assessment data, identifying that 70% of the packs were so poorly designed that they failed to pass the standard, with 50% of the packs having examples that were unopenable by the participants, whilst a further 20% rated poorly for satisfaction. Protocols ABSTRACT 1 In 2015, the UK National Health Service (NHS) established a taskforce to review 2 single portion food and beverage packaging, which has been identified as a potential 3 challenge to users in hospitals. Hence, a study was undertaken to determine the suitability 4 and accessibility of the current single portion packs. The packaging was assessed using ISO 5 17480 ( Guidelines for Accessible Packaging ), Annex D. The standard determines a pass or 6 fail of packaging opening asking a panel 20 older adults to open a pack. A pack is recorded as 7 a failure if within the 20 people cohort there is an example of pack being unable to be opened 8 within the time limit (defined as 1 minute) or the overall satisfaction score ranks below 3 on a 9 5 point Likert scale. 10 Ten standard single portion packaging items were randomly selected for testing. The 11 packs were chosen to reflect a broad range of food and beverage and packaging types. 12 The results showed that the standard provided useful assessment data, identifying that 13 70% of packs were so poorly designed that they failed to pass the standard, with 50% of the 14 packs having examples that were uopenable by participants, whilst a further 20% rated poorly 15 for satisfaction. 16
DESIGN OF DIFFERENTIAL SOURCE FED CIRCULARLY POLARIZED RECTENNA WITH EMBEDDED SLOTS FOR HARMONICS SUPPRESSION

This work presents an enhanced rectenna with a differential source feeding scheme for radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting at 2.45GHz frequency. A circularly polarized (CP) microstrip antenna with embedded slots is designed which efficiently attains harmonics suppression. By modifying size and position of two diametrically opposite triangular projections in the top patch, two orthogonal modes that have equal magnitude and are in phase quadrature are excited. The four radial slots embedded in the antenna can block 2nd and 3rd harmonics which is suitable for onboard rectenna design without harmonics filter. A microstrip tapered feed line is used to match antenna element with 50-ohm impedance. The designed antenna is then tested for RF energy harvesting in two ways. One is conventional single source fed rectenna (SSFR), and the other is proposed differential source fed rectenna (DSFR). In the DSFR, the designed antennas are differentially operated by making a difference of λg/2 path length (λg Guided wavelength), and the ports are then connected to a differentially driven optimized rectifier circuit. For comparison, an SSFR and a DSFR are fabricated and tested. The circuit parameters in each case are optimized in Agilent Design System (ADS) 2011 software to maximize RF to direct current (DC) conversion efficiency. The proposed DSFR has a maximum efficiency (RF-DC) of 41.63% at 10 dBm RF input power. In the input power range from −20 dBm to 10 dBm, the DSFR has improved performance and higher efficiency over the SSFR.
DNA Strand Breaks Caused by Inhibitors of DMA Synthesis: 1 Arabinofuranosylcytosine and Aphidicolin1

-Ã–-D-ABSTRACT We have used alkaline elution analysis to determine whether strand breaks are detectable in L1210 DNA labeled during and prior to 1-/? -D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) exposure. The results demonstrate that ara-C enhances elution of previously synthesized DNA as well as replicating DNA. ara-C induced dose-dependent strand breaks when DNA was labeled prior to drug exposure. In contrast, simultaneous exposure of cells to tritiated thymidine and drug resulted in maximal elution rates with 1CT6 M ara-C. These findings are compared to those obtained with aphidicolin, another inhibitor of DNA synthesis, which unlike ara-C is not incorporated into the DNA strand. These results suggest that both ara-C and aphidicolin increase DNA elution rates by impairing DNA synthesis. The different dose-dependent patterns during replicative DNA synthesis may result from the incorporation of ara-C in the DNA strand.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Acoustic trauma slows AMPAR-mediated EPSCs in the auditory brainstem, reducing GluA4 subunit expression as a mechanism to rescue binaural function

: We consider how damaging levels of sound (acoustic trauma, AT) might perturb homeostatic regulation of receptors at synapses in the auditory pathway. Developmental maturation of synaptic function and hearing was characterized in the mouse lateral superior olive (LSO) from P7 to P96 using voltage-clamp and measurement of auditory brainstem responses (ABR). IPSCs and EPSCs undergo rapid acceleration during development, converging to similar sub-millisecond decay kinetics (0.87±0.11ms, 0.77±0.08ms, respectively) in adult mice. This was correlated with mRNA levels for glycinergic and glutamatergic ionotropic receptor subunits, confirming a switch from Gly  2 to Gly  1 for IPSCs and increased expression of GluA3 and GluA4 subunits on maturation. NMDAR EPSC decay time-constants ( τ ) accelerated from >40ms in prehearing animals, to 2.6±0.4ms in adults, as GluN2C expression increased. AT administered in vivo at around P20 disrupted the IPSC and EPSC equilibrium, so that one week later the AMPAR EPSC decay was slowed and mRNA for GluA1 increased while GluA4 decreased. In contrast, GlyR IPSC and NMDAR EPSC decay times were unchanged by AT. Computational modelling confirmed that matched IPSC and EPSC kinetics are required to generate mature interaural level difference (IID) functions. After AT the longer-lasting EPSCs provide a compensatory boost that maintained binaural function with raised auditory thresholds. We conclude that excitatory/inhibitory synaptic drive matures to fast submillisecond kinetics in the LSO. AT disrupts this through a mechanism that favours AMPARs with slow kinetics. We conclude that loud sounds reversibly modify auditory processing in the brain, changing receptor expression for several weeks after exposure. the synaptic kinetics. The results show that AT causes activity-dependent changes in synaptic AMPAR subunits, slowing fast excitatory synaptic currents with a time-course of weeks and modifying IID processing in the LSO. of both spontaneous excitatory and inhibitory events, implying reduced presynaptic release probability. Evoked NMDAR EPSCs also showed dramatic acceleration with developmental maturation; with a time-constant of over 40 ms in pre-hearing mice, while in mature mice the NMDAR EPSC decayed with a time-constant of around 2 ms. Although acoustic trauma caused an increase in expression of GluN1b, we found no change in the decay of the evoked NMDAR EPSC. This study set out to investigate whether acoustic trauma caused long-term changes in central auditory processing (IID) by examining changes in the postsynaptic expression of receptor subunits. The convergence in the IPSC/EPSC time-course occurred simultaneously with ABR maturation and was consistent with simulations of IID functions across the physiological range. AT disrupted both the EPSC/IPSC integration and IID function in the LSO and was consistent with a change in the levels of mRNA for glutamate receptor subunits, while IPSC kinetics and GlyR subunit mRNA were unaltered.
The German Astrophysical Virtual Observatory

is Germany’s contribution to the worldwide efforts in building a virtual observatory. GAVO provides easy and fast access to worldwide distributed heterogeneous astronomical data archives, a platform to publish observed or simulated astronomical data archives from the GAVO member sites on-demand theoretical models for commonly used astrophysical applications tools for extensive data mining in these federated databases via the Next Generation Search Engine (NGSE). GAVO will use GRID-computing for astrophysical simulations and distributed database searches. Interoperability will facilitate the comparison between simulations and observational data sets.
WALLIHAN-EFFECT OF SODIUM BICARBONATE ON IRON ABSORPTION

the solution level. Roots were rinsed by dipping once in tap water; leaves and stems were washed with soap. After being dried (60° C) and weighed, the samples were ashed (5000 C) and dissolved in 6 N HCl. Activity counts on these solutions were made in a well-type gamma scintillator and the results are given in table I. The data show that substantial amounts of tagged iron moved into the tops of control plants but none was detectable in stems or leaves of plants from the bicarbonate cultures. Whether bicarbonate ion affects absorption of iron by roots or translocation from roots to tops is not clear. The fact that Fe* concentrations in roots of the bicarbonate-treated plants were lower than controls is at least consistent with the hypothesis that the effect was to reduce iron absorption by roots. The results show that A: Citrus sinensis is among those plants that are sensitive to sodium bicarbonate, and B: the mechanism can be effective immediately upon exposure to the bicarbonate system.
Association of Soluble α-Klotho and Klotho Polymorphisms (KL-VS and G-395A) with Essential Hypertension in Indian Population

Klotho, a novel anti-aging gene, is known to ameliorate aging phenotypes and extend lifespan. Recent studies have highlighted arterial aging as a risk factor for hypertension. Thus, Klotho appears to be a link between aging and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) including hypertension. KL-VS and G-395A polymorphisms of Klotho and its soluble levels have been associated with CVD incidence. We analyzed the prevalence of α-Klotho polymorphisms – KL-VS and G395A and their influence on soluble α-Klotho levels in essential hypertension (EH) patients in Indian population. One-hundred-twelve EH patients and age, BMI-matched 103 normotensive controls were recruited. Soluble α-Klotho levels were measured by Enzyme-Linked-Immunosorbent-Assay. Genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) was performed using TaqMan assays. Soluble α-Klotho levels in patients were significantly lower (26.9%,p=0.001) than controls. ROC curve analysis for soluble α-Klotho showed a cut-off of 580pg/ml with AUC 0.798(SE=0.031, 95%CI=0.737-0.859). Genotype distributions for both polymorphisms did not differ between the groups. Distribution of soluble α-Klotho levels in both groups did not vary across KL-VS genotypes. In patient group, GA and AA genotypes of G395A polymorphism were associated with significantly lower (15.4%,p=0.014) soluble α-Klotho levels compared to GG genotype. Soluble α-Klotho levels were significantly lowers in EH patients as compared to healthy normotensive individuals.
Dose Calculation for I 131 / I 124 Radioimmunoconjugates for Radioimmunotherapy

For clinical evaluation of Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) it would be valuable to measure the heterogeneity of the uptake and retention within the tumor bed of the radioimmunoconjugate agent. Presently, the patient-specific maximally tolerated therapeutic amount of radioactivity to administer is determined from measurements, prior to treatment, of the whole-body clearance of a trace amount of I-131 labeled radioimmunoconjugate agent. Labeling the therapeutic radioimmunoconjugate agent with the positron emitter I-124 would permit PET imaging to be employed to determine the regional uptake and retention of the therapeutic administered agent. An algorithm has been developed to calculate the 3D-dose distribution of I-124 and I-131 using Monte Carlo derived point dose kernels and measured regional Specific Uptake Values (SUVs) and clearance determined from PET/CT studies. The calculations indicate that for the same concentration of activity in a tumor volume (uCi/gm), I-124 would result in a higher dose rate (Gy/hr) and greater total dose than I-131. a gamma like component where the energy emitted is absorbed at a distance from them point of emission. ENSDF* data were used to evaluate these two components for I-124 and I-131. The equilibrium energy emission constant for the beta like ∆ β and gamma components ∆ γ shown below demonstrates two important features:
An Exploratory Study of Self-Efficacy Among K–12 Teachers in Puerto Rico Estudio exploratorio de autoeficacia entre maestros K-12 en Puerto Rico

This exploratory study focused on strategies that K–12 teachers in Puerto Rico use to demonstrate self-efficacy in the classroom. A qualitative methodology was employed using the theoretical framework of Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) and Albert Bandura’s theory of self-efficacy (1986; 2001). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six teachers at the K–12 level at public and private schools in Puerto Rico. Five were from public schools and one was from a private school. The interview questions centered on three central aspects of self-efficacy: (1) teachers’ notions of self-efficacy, (2) strategies teachers use to demonstrate self-efficacy in the classroom, and (3) variables that affect their ability to carry out their definition of self-efficacy. The results demonstrate strategies of self-efficacy used in Puerto Rico and their relationship to Puerto Rican culture is discussed. Recommendations for future research in the area of self-efficacy among educators in Puerto Rico are explored including curricular change, active learning techniques, integration of the social and economic backgrounds of students’ communities and exploring the benefits of collective efficacy for school sites. Some of these recommendations are explored in the context of education in Puerto Rico post Hurricane Maria.
T Cell Expansion by Dendritic + versus CD8 Responsiveness and Cytolytic Function Independent Regulation of Chemokine

The ability of cancer vaccines to induce tumor-speciﬁc CD8 + T cells in the circulation of cancer patients has been shown to poorly correlate with their clinical effectiveness. In this study, we report that although Ags presented by different types of mature dendritic cells (DCs) are similarly effective in inducing CD8 + T cell expansion, the acquisition of CTL function and peripheral-type chemokine receptors, CCR5 and CXCR3, requires Ag presentation by a select type of DCs. Both “standard” DCs (matured in the presence of PGE 2 ) and type 1-polarized DCs (DC1s) (matured in the presence of IFNs and TLR ligands, which prevent DCs “exhaustion”) are similarly effective in inducing CD8 + T cell expansion and acquisition of CD45RO + IL-7R + IL-15R + phenotype. However, granzyme B expression, acquisition of CTL activity, and peripheral tissue-type chemokine responsiveness are features exclusively exhibited by CD8 + T cells activated by DC1s. This advantage of DC1s was observed in polyclonally activated naive and memory CD8 + T cells and in blood-isolated melanoma-speciﬁc CTL precursors. Our data help to explain the dissociation between the ability of cancer vaccines to induce high numbers of tumor-speciﬁc CD8 + T cells in the blood of cancer patients and their ability to promote clinical responses, providing for new strategies of cancer immunotherapy. The Journal of Immunology , 2010, 184: 000–000.
Clinical Trials Testing the

TO THE EDITOR: For the treatment of delirium near the end of life, Casarett and Inouye (1) emphasize haloperidol, “which one randomized, controlled trial has shown to be superior to benzodiazepines” in hospitalized patients with AIDS who become delirious. This trial (2) compared haloperidol, chlorpromazine, and lorazepam with no placebo arm. A total of 6 patients received lorazepam, all had adverse effects, and the authors stopped that arm of the trial. Eleven patients received haloperidol, and 13 received chlorpromazine; there was no important difference between these two neuroleptic agents. When biological plausibility is considered, it is not obvious that a drug that ameliorates the symptoms of a young schizophrenic person should also be expected to help a patient who develops acute, fluctuating disturbances of consciousness because of sepsis, hyponatremia, adverse drug reactions, brain metastases, or any of the common causes of delirium. Therefore, the rationale for using haloperidol seems weak, and as the authors note, haloperidol is toxic. Substitution of a potentially less toxic, atypical antipsychotic agent would not be evidence based and has other drawbacks. Risperidone, for example, costs about 91 times as much as generic haloperidol (3). No real evidence supports the use of haloperidol instead of more sedating neuroleptic agents or even, God help me, benzodiazepines. I believe that the best suggestion would be to realize that drug treatment is entirely empirical, that goals of treatment should be set, and that treatments should be modified until goals are met or should be discontinued.
Language and communication disorders associated with physiological aging

Introduction: In the process of physiological aging leads to changes related to human functioning. Modifications also apply to the sphere of cognitive and related competencies: language and communication. Ability to efficiently use speech and language at the age of senioralnym is important not only because of intellectual functioning, but also serves as pragmatic. Language is in fact an essential tool for building social relationships. The aim of the study was to analysis of the literature on changes in language and communicative competence in the process of physiological aging. Results: With age, the deterioration observed in language and communication skills of older people. In the area of language skills is observed senile changes at all levels of posts: phonological, syntactic and semantic. The elderly are observable phenomenon, which does not notice the earlier stages of life. In the statements of senior citizens should pay particular attention to phenomena such as TOT (tip-of-the-tongue) and OTV (off-target verbosity). Summary: The speech of seniors is a reflection of changes occurring within the cognitive functions of both the basic and the higher ones. Research on the use of language by seniors are an interesting topic for an interdisciplinary group of specialists. In order to delay the aging process in the field of cognitive and linguistic advised to inspire the elderly to educational activity, providing them thus improving the quality of life.
A wideband monopole antenna with ring‐shaped ground plane

A novel design for monopole antennas with wideband operation and stable radiation patterns is described. The proposed monopole antenna has a three‐dimensional ring‐shaped ground plane, and it can be treated as a monopole‐loop composite antenna. Two pure resonant modes are simultaneously excited in the antenna structure, and their resonant frequencies are respectively at 2.45 and 5.4 GHz. By introducing a pair of shorting posts into the ground plane, the two resonant modes can be coupled together. The resultant impedance bandwidth (VSWR < 2) is about 70% with respect to the center frequency 4.5 GHz. Moreover, a stable bi‐directional radiation pattern with a peak gain of 5 dBi and a cross polarization level of less than −15 dB is obtained within the impedance bandwidth. For the proposed antenna, parametric analyses are performed and an antenna prototype is also constructed. Both measured and simulated results are given.
An Analysis of Mcmc Sampling Methods for Estimating Weighted An Analysis of Mcmc Sampling Methods for Estimating Weighted Sums in Winnow Sums in Winnow

Chawla et al. introduced a way to use the Markov chain Monte Carlo method to estimate weighted sums in multiplicative weight update algorithms when the number of inputs is exponential. But their algorithm still required extensive simulation of the Markov chain in order to get accurate estimates of the weighted sums. We propose an optimized version of Chawla et al.’s algorithm, which produces exactly the same classiﬁcations while often using fewer Markov chain simulations. We also apply two other sampling techniques and empirically compare them with Chawla et al.’s Metropolis sampler to determine how effective each is in drawing good samples in terms of accuracy of weighted sum estimates and total time. We perform our analyses in the context of learning DNF formulas using littlestone’s Winnow algorithm
UWS Academic Portal The Glasgow Norms

The Glasgow Norms are a set of normative ratings for 5,553 English words on 9 psycholinguistic dimensions: arousal, valence, dominance, concreteness, imageability, familiarity, age of acquisition, semantic size, and gender association. The Glasgow Norms are unique in several respects. First, the corpus, itself, is relatively large while simultaneously providing norms across a substantial number of lexical dimensions. Second, for any given subset of words, the same participants provided ratings across all 9 dimensions (33 participants/word, on average). Third, two novel dimensions of semantic size and gender association are included. Finally, the corpus contains a set of 379 ambiguous words that are presented alone (e.g., toast ) or with information that selects an alternative sense (e.g., toast (bread) , toast (speech) ). Relationships between the dimensions of the Glasgow Norms were initially investigated by assessing their correlations. In addition, a principal component analysis revealed four main factors accounting for 82% of the variance (“visualization,” “emotion,” “salience,” and “exposure”). The validity of the Glasgow Norms was established via comparisons of our ratings to 18 different sets of current psycholinguistic norms. The dimension of size was tested with megastudy data, confirming past studies that have explicitly examined this variable. Alternative senses of ambiguous words (i.e., disambiguated forms), when discordant on a given dimension, seemingly led to appropriately distinct ratings. Informal comparisons between ratings of ambiguous words and their alternative senses showed different patterns that likely depended on several factors (the number of senses, their relative strengths, and the rating scales, themselves). Overall, the Glasgow Norms provide a valuable resource, in particular, for researchers investigating the role of word recognition in language comprehension.