Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distribution and Movement of Nitrate in Soils from Snowpack in a Stream Riparian Zone, Waterloo, Ontario

Stream riparian zones are landscape features that retain nutrients and enhance water quality. However, little is known about winter controls on nutrient transport in riparian zones. In this study we examine the distribution and movement of nitrate (NO3−) between snowpack, underlying soils and groundwater in a riparian zone to quantify processes which control NO3− transport through seasonally-frozen surface soils. Soils and vegetation in buffer zones attenuate nitrate during the growing season. However, this ability is uncertain with vegetation senescence, and when soils freeze and seasonal snowcover can contain an important nitrate load and later release it to surface waters during melt. At our study site snowcover reached a maximum depth of 32 cm following the major snowfall event from Julian Day (JD) 41 to 47, 2000. During this event, the snow water equivalent (SWE) increased twofold to 4.7 cm. A melt event starting on JD 53 resulted in a SWE loss of 2 cm. Snowpack NO3− concentrations reached a maximum value of 1.4 mg L−1 and a maximum loading of 51.7 mg m−2. During the main melt event, snowpack loading reduced to 36.9 mg m−2 and concentrations of NO3− in the snow decreased to 0.55 mg L−1. Over the study period, groundwater NO3− concentrations were relatively constant near 0.25 mg L−1. However, evidence of mixing of groundwater with stream water is strongly suggested by higher NO3− concentrations in near-stream groundwater (0.75 mg L−1), which was under hydrostatic pressure caused by the stream ice-cover. No identifiable NO3− pulse was observed during the main snowmelt period because persistent soil frost promoted depression storage, overland flow and shallow throughflow. Our results indicate that overland flow and shallow throughflow were the likely pathways for NO3− export from this system. Clearly these processes cannot be ignored when quantifying snowpack NO3− through riparian buffers with frozen soils.
Facilitating the expression of learner voices in the participatory design of technology to support inquiry learning

Chin (2004) argues that in order for technology to become embedded into curricula activities, it is important that institutional contexts, as well as pupil needs, are considered in the design process. However, this can be a significant challenge as opportunities for learners to express opinions are bound by institutional and research parameters, such as the curriculum, assessment criteria, organisational logistics, technology, pedagogical method and research agenda. So, how can learners voice their opinions and contribute to participatory design? The question is of fundamental concern in the Personal Inquiry project, funded by the EPSRC/ESRC. Its goal is to develop an innovative toolkit, running on an Ultra-Mobile PC, which provides ‘scripts’ in the form of dynamic lesson plans that guide the learners through the inquiry. Both the scripts and their implementation are designed in participation with pupils and teachers. In this paper, we present the findings from our research to date. Four participatory design workshops have been carried out with two schools in Nottingham and Milton Keynes. Each had a teacher and 6-8 pupils (in single year grouping from years 8-10). Two workshops were designed to provide pupils’ reflective accounts of their inquiry-based experiences with prototypes. Two workshops were more forward thinking as pupils were invited to think of interesting ways to investigate their subject and to help create a framework for the inquiry process. These workshops have enabled us to explore several ways to facilitate the expression of learner voices in the participatory design of technology to support inquiry learning. The outcomes of the workshops have informed the design of ongoing inquiry-based activities and technologies and are being implemented in future studies. Chin, G. (2004), A case study in the participatory design of a collaborative science-based learning environment, unpublished PhD thesis, Blacksburg, Virginia.
Evaluation of Conservation Voltage Reduction (CVR) on a National Level

Conservation Voltage Reduction (CVR) is a reduction of energy consumption resulting from a reduction of feeder voltage. While there have been numerous CVR systems deployed in North America there has been little substantive analytic analysis of the effect; the majority of the published results are based on empirical field measurements. Since these results are based on empirical measurements it is difficult to extrapolate how this technology will behave on the various types of distribution feeders found throughout the nation. This report has utilized the Taxonomy of Prototypical feeder developed under the Modern Grid Initiative (MGI), now the Modern Grid Strategy (MGS), in order to estimate the benefits of CVR on multiple distribution feeder types. This information will then be used to determine an estimate of the national benefits of a wide scale deployment of CVR.
Social Supremacy and its Role in Local Level Disaster Mitigation Planning in Bangladesh

Purpose – This paper aims to discuss issues related to disaster mitigation planning provisions in Bangladesh, one of the most disaster‐prone countries in Asia. It seeks to concentrate on the issues related to the role of local groups in establishing cyclone shelters.Design/methodology/approach – In February 2008, a field study was conducted in the Southwest coastal region of Bangladesh. Combining the most recent empirical data, the location of cyclone shelters and the social supremacy structure are explored in this paper. Vulnerability due to infrastructure is defined here on the basis of available infrastructural facilities i.e. cyclone shelters, by using catchment area analysis in the geographical information system (GIS) software ArcGIS. The paper bases its argument on the assumption that the location of an infrastructure item like a cyclone shelter is dependent on the influential and motivational power of local elites and not on the necessity of the deprived people. Vulnerability, from this perspectiv.
The Unified Process Transition and Production Phases

From the Publisher: This is the last in a four-book series comprising a critical review of the Unified Process that includes a survey of the alternate software processes and the synthesis of a more robust process. The Transition and Production phases are the final phases of the Unified Process that provide for the deployment, operation and support of the system among the user groups. This volume includes a master's collection of best practices that includes practical advice for successfully launching the software, applying personal processes, developing and enhancing organizational software processes, achieving reuse, conducting project assessments, saving a troubled project, testing the system, avoiding a maintenance nightmare and operating and supporting the software. Author Biography: Scott W. Ambler is a software process mentor with AmbySoft Inc. in Newmarket, Ont, Canada. He is also a contributing editor with Software Development magazine and is a columnist for Computing Canada. Larry L. Constantine is a trainer and consultant with clients around the world based in Rowley, Mass. He has published 14 books and over 150 articles, including the popular Software Development "Management Forum" column.
CNS/ATM for tactical military aircraft

Military aircrews are beginning to experience the benefits of having quality global positioning system (GPS) navigation information available in the cockpit to support their tactical missions. However, another big improvement in situational awareness is the new capabilities known as communications, navigation, surveillance/ air traffic management (CNS/ATM). If tactical military are to operate within this new performance based airspace, they require operational RNP RNAV, Mode S, and 1090ES ADS-B functionality. To achieve these functionalities, dual use avionics and integrations must be found to capture civil functionality with military equipment. The bottom line is that tactical military achieves the required functionality or they can expect delays, rerouting, and some airspace exclusions. This paper describes one way to get RNP RNAV, Mode S, and 1090ES ADS-B capability in tactical military aircraft.
A simultaneous moving and weighing technique for a watt balance at room temperature

Measurements made with watt balances are paving the way to a new definition of the kilogram based upon a fixed value of the Planck constant. The Bureau International des Poids et Measures (BIPM) are developing a simultaneous moving and weighing variant of the watt balance technique, which requires a superconducting coil to reach its ultimate uncertainty. The BIPM technique has the advantage that it eliminates the requirement for extreme stability in the magnetic field employed by conventional watt balances, but requires cryogenic operation of parts of the balance to achieve a low uncertainty. This paper proposes a simple method, by which the BIPM technique can be made to operate at room temperature with no loss of accuracy. The superconducting coil is replaced by a bifilar coil and the measurement procedure is modified to eliminate any inequality between the two conductors in the bifilar coil. The new technique is not subject to the many secondary sources of uncertainty arising from cryogenic operation.
Using Global Terrorism Database (GTD) and Machine Learning Algorithms to Predict Terrorism and Threat

It is evident that there has been enormous growth in terrorist attacks in recent years. The idea of online terrorism has also been growing its roots in the internet world. These types of activities have been growing along with the growth in internet technology. These types of events include social media threats such as hate speeches and comments provoking terror on social media platforms such as twitter, Facebook, etc. These activities must be prevented before it makes an impact. In this paper, we will make various classifiers that will group and predict various terrorism activities using k-NN algorithm and random forest algorithm. The purpose of this project is to use Global Terrorism Database as a dataset to detect terrorism. We will be using GTD which stands for Global Terrorism Database which is a publicly available database which contains information on terrorist event far and wide from 1970 through 2017 to train a machine learning-based intelligent system to predict any future events that could bring threat to the society.
SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI HIDROKSIAPATIT (HAp) UNTUK BAHAN PENGIKAT TUNGSTAT DALAM SISTEM GENERATOR 188W/188Re

Pada penelitian ini telah disintesis hidroksiapatit melalui proses presipitasi antara kalsium hidroksida (Ca(OH) 2 ) dengan asam fosfat (H 3 PO 4 ) yang merupakan proses reaksi asam basa yang menghasilkan padatan kristalin yang selanjutnya akan digunakan untuk bahan pengikat tungstat dalam sistem generator 188 W/ 188 Re. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah karakterisasi untuk memastikan hasil sintesis hidroksiapatit dan menentukan parameter yang berpengaruh terhadap kinerja generator 188 W/ 188 Re seperti aktivasi pemanasan hidroksiapatit, pH larutan Na 2 WO 4 , suhu reaksi, koefisien distribusi dan kapasitas serap (koefisien adsorpsi) hidroksiapatit. Karakterisasi hasil sintesis hidroksiapatit dilakukan dengan FTIR, XRD dan SEM-EDAX, sedangkan penentuan kondisi optimum setiap parameter dilakukan berdasarkan koefisien distribusi dan kapasitas serap hidroksiapatit menggunakan metode spektrofotometri. Hasil karakterisasi hidroksiapatit (Ca 10 (PO­ 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 ) menggunakan FTIR ditunjukkan oleh munculnya puncak regang O-H pada bilangan gelombang (u) 3434,9 cm -1 dan 563,8 cm -1 , sedangkan adanya gugus PO 4 -3 ditunjuk-kan dengan adanya ikatan P-O pada (u) 1033,8 cm -1 . Karakteristik menggunakan XRD menunjukkan bahwa hidroksiapatit memiliki tiga puncak utama pada daerah 2θ yaitu 31,875 o , 32,205 o dan 33,080 o . Karakterisasi dengan SEM menunjukkan bentuk morfologi partikel columnar dengan ukuran 200 nm. Hasil penentuan kondisi optimum untuk masing-masing parameter diperoleh pemanasan hidroksiapatit pada suhu 100 o C, larutan Na 2 WO 4 pH 3, dan suhu reaksi 60 o C yang menghasilkan koefisien distribusi sebesar 193,74 mL/g dan kapasitas serap (koefisien adsorpsi) sebesar 5,20 mg W/g HAp.
Assessment of M25 Automatic Fog-Warning System - Final Report

An automatic fog warning system became operational during the summer of 1990 on the M25 London orbital motorway, a freeway facility circling London. The system automatically detects the presence of fog and posts warning messages on dynamic message signs (DMS) upstream of the fog detector. Detectors are located at 54 fog prone areas along the M25, including river valleys and high ground prone to hill fog. When a fog detector senses visibility below 250 meters, the system posts a warning message (the word “fog” ) on existing DMS ranging from 0.8 to 2.2 km upstream from the activated detectors. During periods of heavy fog additional warnings are posted farther upstream of the detector at signs ranging from 1.8 km to 3.8 km upstream. An independent evaluation assessed the effectiveness of the system, primarily in terms of changes in vehicle speeds which occurred when the messages were posted as a result of the formation of fog. The intent of the evaluation was to determine if a statistically significant reduction in vehicle speeds occurs in the presence of a fog warning system. Twelve DMS were chosen at which to assess the effectiveness of the system - a pair of signs on one of the approaches to each of six principal fog detector sites. These twelve signs were all on three-lane sections of motorway and were chosen to be sufficiently far from junctions so that vehicles would normally be traveling at reasonably constant speed and not changing lanes. A pair of inductive loops was cut in each lane approximately 300m downstream of the signs to collect data. During the evaluation period, between November 1990 and the end of March 1992, a considerable amount of fog occurred and a total of about 240 data files were collected, with each file containing data on about 20,000 vehicles whose data could be investigated. The study measured vehicle speeds, comparing the change in mean speeds during observation periods before and after the fog messages were displayed on the DMS. The observation periods ranged in length from 1 to 10 minutes. Similar measurements were taken each time the fog messages were deactivated. These speed changes were also compared to speed changes at the same times during non-foggy days. When the fog messages were switched on, there was a statistically significant overall net reduction in mean vehicle speeds of about 1.8 mph. This conclusion is drawn from analysis of data from the 10 sign locations which experienced enough fog over the evaluation period to yield useful data. Greater speed reductions occurred in the inner/faster lanes, and lesser reductions occurred the outer/slow lane. Faster vehicles slowed down more when the fog signals switched on, with the average change in the 85th percentile speed being 0.5 mph greater than the average change in the overall mean speed. Increases in speed occurred when the signals were switched off. These speed reductions indicate that the fog warning messages do alert drivers to the presence of fog ahead. Once aware that they are about to enter a foggy area, drivers are prepared to drive more safely through the fog.
Phototoxic Antibiotics and Aspects of their Liposomal Encapsulation: A Mini-Review

The liposomal encapsulation of antibiotics offers advantages from the aspect of bioavailabilty and therapeutical efficacy. As among antibiotics many possess phototoxic properties, and during preparation (e.g. sterilization), storage or in case of topical application ultraviolet light exposure can be present, photodegradation of liposomal antibiotics should be taken into consideration. Thus, the examination of lipid-phototoxic drug interactions in the presence of ultraviolet light is of great importance. In some cases liposomal encapsulation can alter the ways and rates of photodegradation, leading to the formation of more or less (photo)toxic compounds. Through the examples of selected phototoxic antibiotics (nalidixic acid and lomefloxacin) we highlight the role of liposomal composition in altering the photodegradation process of drug molecules,- leading to possible changes either in the ways or in the rates of their photodegradation.
A study of the laser direct writing for all polymer single mode passive optical channel waveguide devices

The objective of this research is to investigate the use of laser direct writing to micro-pattern low loss passive optical channel waveguide devices using a new hybrid organic/inorganic polymer. Review of literature shows previous methods of optical waveguide device patterning as well as application of other non-polymer materials. System setup and design of the waveguide components are discussed. Results show that laser direct writing of the hybrid polymer produce single mode interconnects with a loss of less 1dB/cm.
Current practice and developmental efforts for leak detection in US reactor primary systems

Current leak detection practices in 74 operating nuclear reactors have been reviewed. Existing leak detection systems are adequate to ensure a leak-before-break scenario in most situations, but no currently available, single method combines optimal leakage detection sensitivity, leak-locating ability, and leakage measurement accuracy. Simply tightening current leakage limits may produce an unacceptably large number of unnecessary shutdowns. The use of commercially available acoustic monitoring systems or moisture-sensitive tape may improve leak detection capability at specific sites. However, neither of these methods currently provides source discrimination (e.g., to distinguish between leaks from pipe cracks and valves) or leak-rate information (a small leak may saturate the system). A field-implementable acoustic leak detection system is being developed to address these limitations. 5 refs., 3 figs.
Risk Analysis of Severe Thrombocytopenia in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma During Concurrent Radio-Chemotherapy

Objective To explore the risk factors and predictive indexes of severe thrombocytopenia during concurrent radio-chemotherapy of nasopharyngeal carcinomas. Methods Retrospective analysis was performed from the hospitalized patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma from August 2014 to July 2017, and induction chemotherapy and concurrent radio-chemotherapy were completed. According to the lowest platelet count during concurrent chemotherapy, patients were divided into observation and control groups. General information and laboratory examinations were recorded and analyzed by univariate analysis, multivariate regression analysis, and ROC curve analysis. Results Factors, including age, PLT, IBIL, APTT at first visit, WBC, RBC, HGB, PLT, NEUT, APTT, IBIL, FFA, Crea, and urea before radio-chemotherapy, which are significant in univariate analysis into multivariate regression analysis, were taken. It turned out that RBC (OR = 10.060, 95% CI 2.679–37.777, p = 0.001), PLT (OR = 1.020, 95% CI 1.006–1.034, p = 0.005), and IBIL (OR = 0.710, 95% CI 0.561–0.898, p = 0.004) are independent predictors of severe TP in NPC. ROC analysis showed that the AUC of RBC, IBIL, PLT, and AGE is 0.746 (p < 0.001), 0.735 (p < 0.001), 0.702 (p = 0.001), and 0.734 (p < 0.001). New variables called joint predictors were calculated by a regression equation (Y = 2.309 * RBC - 0.343 * IBIL + 0.02 * PLT - 10.007), the AUC of which is 0.8700 (p < 0.001); best truncation value is >5.87 mmol/l. Conclusions Lower RBC, PLT, and higher IBIL before concurrent radio-chemotherapy are independent risk factors causing severe TP during concurrent radio-chemotherapy of NPC. The RBC, PLT, and IBIL before concurrent radio-chemotherapy and joint predictor have a good predictive value to evaluate the risk of severe TP during concurrent radio-chemotherapy of NPC.
Role of macrophages in cardiorenal syndrome development in patients with myocardial infarction

Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) underlies the development and progression of renal and heart failure. Along with the well-known mechanisms of CRS development based on reninangiotensin system activation, kidney-heart macrophage axis may be one of the key cellular components of CRS. Continuous sympathetic stimulation of collecting duct system cells under ischemia activates the macrophage link of the kidneys, which contributes to cardiac macrophages' polarization and leads to the development of adaptive myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis. This review article summarizes current data on interaction of macrophages in the kidney-heart axis, which can be considered as the cellular basis for CRS development in patients with MI. The translation of experimental data on the participation of innate immune system on CRS model in humans will make it possible to find new ways to prevent and suppress acute kidney injury in patients with MI.
The research and design of the knowledge management framework - a case study of MXIC OTRB/IE community

The advent of knowledge economics century has led to knowledge management full of vitality. But many knowledge management (KM) writings or activities emphasize KM software implementation. That focuses on building a knowledge warehouse and IT functions. Few papers discussed the KM framework from knowledge flow. This paper establishes the KM framework for MXIC OTRB/IE from the general KM flow and provides a effective knowledge architecture and management mechanism to improve knowledge flow.
Oriental Theileriosis

Theileria orientalis , the causative agent of oriental theileriosis, is an apicomplexan haemoparasite and is one of several tick-borne Theileria spp. infecting cattle. Unlike the highly pathogenic transforming Theileria species ( T. annulata and T. parva ) which induce uncontrolled lymphocytic proliferation, T. orientalis is a non-transforming strain exerting its major pathogenic effects via erythrocyte destruction. Clinical symptoms associated with oriental theileriosis are largely consequences of the underlying anaemia. Because of its non-transforming nature, T. orientalis was previously considered a benign parasite, however, in the recent years, clinical outbreaks of T. orientalis have been increasingly observed throughout Asia and Australasia. Recent rapid spread of clinical theileriosis has been linked to a pathogenic genotype of the parasite, genotype Ikeda (Type 2). The geographic distribution of clinical outbreaks correlates to the range of the major vector tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis , although other vectors and modes of transmission are possible. This review includes discussion of T. orientalis epidemiology, transmission, pathogenesis, treatment and control and provides an update on the taxonomy of this organism which is still under debate.