Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Frequency of Intradialytic Hypertension Using Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Suggested Definition in a Single Hemodialysis Centre in Pakistan

Objectives: To estimate the frequency of intradialytic hypertension (IDH) in our centre as per the definition suggested by Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the dialysis department of The Kidney Centre Post Graduate Training Institute (PGTI) Karachi, Pakistan from August 2021 to October 2021 among 263 end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) aged ≥ 18 years of both genders. The study outcome was the frequency of IDH as per the latest KDIGO suggested definition i.e., systolic blood pressure (SBP) rise of > 10 mm Hg from pre- to post-dialysis within the hypertensive range in at least four out of six consecutive dialysis treatments. Frequencies (%) and mean (±SD) were calculated for categorical and continuous variables respectively, using SPSS version 21 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results: Among 263 patients, the mean age was 51.02 (±14.1) years and 56.3% were males. Around 30.8% of patients were dialysis-dependent for 1.1 to three years. The most common comorbidity was hypertension (88.6%). Standard dialysate calcium of 3mEq/l was received by 91.6% of study participants. About 78.7% of patients were using antihypertensive(s), out of which 85.5% were compliant and 37.6% were using a single antihypertensive. The most common antihypertensive in use was beta-blockers (78.3%). Around 16% of patients were found to have IDH. Age of the patients was significantly associated with IDH (p=0.038). The majority of the patients with IDH were those who were taking anti-hypertension medications as compared to the patients who were not taking them (p <0.004). Interdialytic weight gain was not a significant predictor for IDH. Conclusion: The frequency of IDH was 16% according to the latest suggested KDIGO definition. This is much lower than regional and global estimates according to earlier definitions. There is a dire need to establish a standardized definition of IDH in guidelines to diagnose, manage and compare data. Also, the association of IDH with fluid overload is not found in our study which emphasizes the need to evaluate other causative factors.
Depth localization of positive charge trapped in silicon oxynitride field effect transistors after positive and negative gate bias temperature stress

Positive charge trapped in the SiO(N) gate dielectric of deeply-scaled p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors is observed after both negative and positive gate bias temperature stress. Emission of elementary trapped charges is demonstrated and analyzed through the quantized threshold voltage transients observed after stress. The magnitude distribution of the threshold voltage steps is used to estimate the depth of the traps in the gate dielectric to be about 0.5 nm from the injecting silicon-dielectric interface in both cases.
Low-Cost, Series–Parallel-Fed 2-Bit Phased Array Antenna in $Ku$-Band

In this letter, a low-cost, series–parallel-fed 2-bit phased array antenna for <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Ku$</tex-math></inline-formula>-band 1-D beam scanning application is presented. The compact 2-bit element consists of a microstrip patch with 0<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^\circ /180^\circ$</tex-math></inline-formula> phase states, dc bias circuits, ground, and a cascaded 90<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^\circ$</tex-math></inline-formula> phase shifter. Using the proposed element, a series–parallel-fed 9 × 8 array is fabricated and measured. Experimental results demonstrate the beam scanning capability in H-plane within the scan range of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pm 50^\circ$</tex-math></inline-formula>, and also show high agreement compared with the simulated ones.
Towards Software-Defined Delay Tolerant Networks

This paper proposes a Software-Defined Delay Tolerant Networking (SDDTN) architecture as a solution to managing large Delay Tolerant Networking (DTN) networks in a scalable manner. This work is motivated by the planned deployments of large DTN networks on the Moon and beyond in deep space. Current space communication involves relatively few nodes and is heavily deterministic and scheduled, which will not be true in the future. It is unclear how these large space DTN networks, consisting of inherently intermittent links, will be able to adapt to dynamically changing network conditions. In addition to the proposed SDDTN architecture, this paper explores data plane programming and the Programming Protocol-Independent Packet Processors (P4) language as a possible method of implementing this SDDTN architecture, enumerates the challenges of this approach, and presents intermediate results.
A review of nonfullerene solar cells: Insight into the correlation among molecular structure, morphology, and device performance

Nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) lead the continuous development of organic solar cells (OSCs) with competitive efficiency over 19%. Design and synthesis of novel photovoltaic materials are effective methods to improve the OSCs performance, which can regulate the optoelectric properties, such as energy level, absorption spectra, charge transport, and so on. So far, hundreds of NFAs have been reported. Meanwhile, it has been demonstrated that intrinsic morphology of active layer is partially determined by the chemical structures of NFAs. Hence, only in‐depth understanding of the relationship between different structures of NFAs and morphology can guide the molecular design of NFAs for highly efficient OSCs. Herein, we review some state‐of‐the‐art NFAs according to their functional moieties, that is, arene core, end group and side chain, and discuss the relationship between molecular structure, morphology and device parameter. Additionally, the challenges and prospects for further development of OSCs based on NFAs are briefly considered. This review brings a unique insight into structure–function correlation in this field, which may help to rapidly develop efficient OSCs.
Relationship between ganglion cell complex thickness and vision in age-related macular degeneration treated with aflibercept

Purpose This study aimed to analyze the correlation between ganglion cell complex thickness (GCCT) and vision compared with the choroidal thickness (CT) and central retinal thickness (CRT) in relation to the outcomes of intravitreal aflibercept treatment for choroidal neovascular membranes secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods This was a prospective, observational study. Forty-three eyes of 38 patients with wet AMD received a monthly loading dose of 2 mg aflibercept by intravitreal injection (IVI) during the first 3 months and were then followed at regular monthly intervals for an average of 10 months by a pro re nata regimen. All patients were examined using spectral domain-optic coherence tomography (OCT) and enhanced depth imaging OCT. According to their response to IVI treatment in the third month, patients were divided into 2 groups, both functionally and anatomically. Results Three-month GCCT and optic disc retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (ODRNFLT) had the most correlation with the 10-month vision (p = 0.002, p = 0.02, respectively). While baseline GCCT was most correlated with the functional response, baseline CRT was most correlated with the anatomical response (p = 0.01, p = 0.004, respectively). Conclusions The results suggest that a reduction in 3-month GCCT indicates a good long-term vision outcome, while a reduction in 3-month ODRNFLT shows a poor long-term vision outcome. The literature suggests that this study is the first to demonstrate that baseline GCCT is more strongly correlated with the functional response than it is with CT and CRT. Hence, GCCT has a prognostic value for vision impairment.
Self‐organization and energy relaxation in a three‐dimensional magnetohydrodynamic plasma

A three‐dimensional self‐organization process in an incompressible dissipative plasma is investigated in detail by means of a magnetohydrodynamic simulation. In an initial phase the total magnetic energy rapidly decreases via magnetic reconnection driven by a global ideal unstable mode, while the total magnetic helicity decreases very slowly throughout the simulation run. This selective dissipation is found to be caused by the excitation of nonhelical, small spatial scale structures of the magnetic field (‘‘magnetic bubble’’) in the vicinity of the reconnection points. Magnetic reconnection takes place at minimum points of the magnetic helicity density where the magnetic bubbles are predominantly created. The disappearance of the bubbles leads to a rapid dissipation of the total magnetic energy. While the magnetic helicity is globally conserved during this process, its spectral density is transferred to the low wavenumber region (‘‘inverse cascade’’). After the rapid dissipation of the magnetic energy, th.
Effect of Rain Attenuation on Millimeter Wave over Polarization

Millimeter wave has been used in radar applications for a long time, and is increasingly used in new fields, among which high data rate telecommunications is the most prominent. Short wavelength and unique propagation characteristics provide challenges and opportunities for design engineers working in these fields. Millimeter wave has become an indispensable part of 5G mobile communication field due to its excellent spectrum characteristics. In order to help the development of millimeter wave equipment, this paper mainly studies the millimeter wave rain attenuation phenomenon through the combination of theory and simulation. The effects of rainfall rate and polarization mode on millimeter wave propagation attenuation are compared and summarized. In addition, the total attenuation of millimeter wave communication path under different polarization rainfall characteristics is compared. Finally, the total loss of different frequency millimeter wave rainfall links is compared and analyzed. It provides a theoretical basis for the follow-up design and practical application of millimeter wave communication system.
Characteristics of Patients With More Than 90% Adherence to Automatic Positive Airway Pressure

Background and Objective Among patients suffering from obstructive sleep apnea, there is a group with surprisingly high adherence (≥ 90%) to automatic positive airway pressure (APAP) treatment. This study aims to evaluate the characteristics of these patients.Methods Medical records of 4757 patients, who received APAP prescriptions between July 2018 and December 2019, were reviewed retrospectively. After the exclusion of patients not meeting the study criteria, a total of 103 patients were included in the study, and patients were divided into a very good adherence (VGA; adherence ≥ 90%) group and a poor adherence (PA; adherence < 70%) group, based on nine months of APAP adherence. Patient demographics, medical history, body mass index, and pretreatment polysomnography (PSG) results, as well as APAP therapy adherence-related variables (percentage of total days of APAP usage, and the mean time of APAP usage), the 90th percentile pressure (P90), residual apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), and the type of devices or company managers were compared between the two groups.Results Median age was significantly higher in the VGA group than in the PA group (p = 0.032). The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) also differed significantly (p = 0.017) between the two groups. There were significant differences in the total sleep time (p = 0.003): 309.04 ± 64.96 min in the VGA group and 345.47 ± 53.06 min in the PA group. Patient sleep efficiency was observed and differed significantly (p = 0.003) 74.46 ± 13.73% in the VGA group and 82.09 ± 10.82% in the PA group. Other parameters, such as a pretreatment PSG and sleep-related questionnaires, did not show significant differences between the two groups. The device-related data at 1, 3, and 9 months were similar, and there were significant differences in the mean usage time (p < 0.001) and the number of days on which the device was used for more than 4 hours a day (p < 0.001) between the two groups. However, the two groups had no significant differences in mean pressure, residual AHI, and the P90.Conclusions The total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and BDI were the main determinants of adherence in patients in the VGA group. To find additional factors which affect adherence, further studies will be needed.
Photochemical reactions initiated by and influencing ozone in unpolluted tropospheric air

This paper presents theoretical arguments in favour of OH-concentrations larger than 10 6 molecules cm ? 3 in the sunlit lower troposphere even if allowance is made for heterogeneous removal of OH, HO 2 and HNO 3 molecules. The OH-concentrations, presented in this paper, were calculated considering for the first time the photochemical effect of both scattered and direct radiation at ground levels and adopting recent accurate data for the quantum efficiency of O( 1 D) production in the ozone photolysis near 310 nm. The significant role played by OH in the atmospheric carbon, nitrogen and possibly sulphur cycles is discussed. Low background mixing ratios of NOx molecules (< 10 ? 9 ) in the unpolluted atmosphere are calculated. The oxidation of NH3, initiated by the reaction with OH, may provide a significant source of tropospheric NOx-molecules, if its rate constant is about 10 ? 13 cm 3 s ? 1 near the ground. The conversion of NO 2 into HNO 3 , followed by heterogeneous removal of HNO 3 , is the most important tropospheric sink for NO x -molecules. The photodissociation of ozone in ultraviolet light between 300 and 330 nm, which leads to the formation of the excited O( 1 D) atom, “drives” several sequences of reactions treated in this study. Several chains of reactions, involving carbon and nitrogen compounds, lead to large rates of formation and destruction of ozone in the troposphere. These rates partly balance each other. Whether there is a net production or destruction of ozone in the troposphere cannot be determined at present. Ozone is a very active, catalytic component in the tropospheric chemical systems. Globally, the combustion source of CO for the year 1970 is more than 20% of the natural source of CO as provided by the oxidation of biologically produced CH 4 . For middle latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere the combustion source is about equal to the natural source. However, too little is known about homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions affecting the methane oxidation products. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1974. tb01951.x
Analytic modeling of oblique penetration of early-time high altitude electromagnetic pulse into dispersive underground multilayer structures

Abstract In this paper, a formulation for obliquely incident electromagnetic wave has been presented for an analysis of high-power electromagnetic pulse penetration into multilayer dispersive media. Based on generalized models of measured dielectric constants and propagation channels reflecting the Earth’s general features, the propagation phenomenon of the obliquely incident early-time (E1) high-altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) is analyzed in frequency as well as in time domains. In addition, the polarization and critical angle are also considered. It is found that the total reflection occurs at an incident angle of about 38 at the soil–rock interface, and that the parallel-polarized E1 HEMP penetrates better than the perpendicular-polarized one. The peak level of the penetrating electric field is found to be 5.6 kV/m at normal incidence, regardless of the type of polarization, and 1.1 kV/m for incidence at 30 in perpendicular case.
Peran guru dalam penanaman karakter siswa melalui ajaran Trilogi Kepemimpinan di SD Negeri 03 Bongas

Tujuan daripada penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana peran Guru dalam penanaman karakter kepada siswa melalui ajaran Trilogi Kepemimpinan di SD Negeri 03 Bongas. Desain penelitan ini penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian sekaligu sebagai narasumber penelitian ini melingkupi guru, wakasek kesiswaan dan siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini mengacu pada model Miles dan Huberman, yang mencakup 4 tahapan yakni koleksi data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Pemeriksaan keabsahan data dengan meningkatkan ketekunan, menggunakan trianggulasi sumber, trianggulasi teknik, trianggulasi waktu dan menggunakan bahan referensi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peran guru dalam menerapkan nilai karakter siswa adalah 1) guru sebagai suri tauladan di dalam pembentukan karakter dasar seperti: kemandirian, keteladanan, religius, nasionalis, gotong royong dan integritas, 2) guru sebagai motivator bagi siswa untuk dapat memberikan hal yang terbaik bagi dirinya sendiri maupun sekolah, 3) guru menjadi pengawas peraturan didalam berlangsungnya aktifitas didalam sekolah. Pihak yang berperan di dalam proses penanaman karakter siswa ada tiga unsur, yaitu: sekolah, keluarga dan lingkungan. Apabila ada unsur yang kurang maksimal didalam menanamkan karakter tentu akan mempengaruhi proses penanaman karakter. Solusinya adalah dengan ditingkatkannya komunikasi antara sekolah dengan orang tua, diadakannya penyuluhan tentang pentingnya unsur sekolah, keluarga dan juga lingkungan di dalam berhasilnya proses pembelajaran.
An evolutionary model of star formation for elliptical galaxies

Un modele d'evolution d'une galaxie elliptique possedant un taux de formation stellaire continu dependant de la densite du gaz permet d'expliquer l'exces UV des galaxies elliptiques M 87 et NGC 4649 dans l'amas du Virgo. Les contraintes observationnelles sont presentees et le modele UV chaud est decrit et compare aux observations. Les ajustements des raies Ly α emises par les galaxies lointaines sont proposes et les implications pour les epoques de la formation des galaxies sont discutees
Activation/Inhibition of Gene Expression Caused by Alcohols: Relationship with the Viscoelastic Property of a DNA Molecule

Alcohols are used in the life sciences because they can condense and precipitate DNA. Alcohol consumption has been linked to many diseases and can alter genetic activity. In the present report, we carried out experiments to make clear how alcohols affect the efficiency of transcription-translation (TX-TL) and translation (TL) by adapting cell-free gene expression systems with plasmid DNA and RNA templates, respectively. In addition, we quantitatively analyzed intrachain fluctuations of single giant DNA molecules based on the fluctuation-dissipation theorem to gain insight into how alcohols affect the dynamical property of a DNA molecule. Ethanol (2–3%) increased gene expression levels four to five times higher than the control in the TX-TL reaction. A similar level of enhancement was observed with 2-propanol, in contrast to the inhibitory effect of 1-propanol. Similar alcohol effects were observed for the TL reaction. Intrachain fluctuation analysis through single DNA observation showed that 1-propanol markedly increased both the spring and damping constants of single DNA in contrast to the weak effects observed with ethanol, whereas 2-propanol exhibits an intermediate effect. This study indicates that the activation/inhibition effects of alcohol isomers on gene expression correlate with the changes in the viscoelastic mechanical properties of DNA molecules.
A New Discrete Model for the Non-Isothermic Dynamics of the Exothermic CO-Oxidation on Palladium Supported Catalyst

Abstract The oxidation of CO on a palladium support catalyst under normal pressure in a continuous flow reactor was observed. For experimental work an X type zeolite loaded with 0.5 weight % palladium was used as catalyst. The palladium salt was inserted into the zeolite by ion exchange and then reduced under hydrogen flow. Palladium particles with an average diameter of 4 nm were formed under these conditions. The conversion rate shows a dynamic behaviour with self-affine pattern of excursions to a smaller conversion rate on a time scale of some seconds. The influence of the flow rate upon the dynamics of the CO conversion pattern was studied. Increasing flow rate causes increasing of frequency of maximum excursions, increasing of smaller excursions, increasing of complexity of the pattern and decreasing of maximum conversion (base line). The system was simulated by a time and space discrete automaton. The model is a considerable extension of that described by Liauw et al. [7]. For example, in the extended model the temperature of palladium particles (non-isothermic conditions), the flow rate and the distribution of particle size is introduced. The temperatures of the palladium particles have an important influence upon the velocities of reaction, oxidation and reduction. Arrhenius equations were used to describe the influence of temperature. To obtain self-affine patterns, the coupling of oscillators with very different frequencies are necessary. These were obtained by different self-organised ‘operating temperatures’ of the palladium particles in the active state. During the catalytic oxidation of CO, the heat production and the heat loss for each model palladium particle equilibrate very fast and a temporary maximum ‘operating temperature’ occurs for each of them. This operating temperature of each model palladium particle depends upon the size of each particle.
Penilaian Kualitas Informasi Laporan Keuangan Kuasa BUN Daerah: Studi KPPN Wilayah Maluku

This study explores the methods, criteria, and results of assessing the quality of information reflected in the financial report. The research method used is the study of literature, documentation, and observation, with the object of studying the assessment of LK KBUN-D KPPN in Maluku Province. The research results show that the assessment criteria have considered the elements (characteristics) in assessing the quality of information. The results of the LK KBUN-D information quality assessment have achieved a very high score on all assessment criteria. The value of the information quality of LK KBUN-D for all KPPN in the Maluku region on the criteria of timeliness, data accuracy, and completeness of documents received full marks. For the participation criteria, the results of reconciliation with the spending units still found data/transactions that were not normal, but in relatively small amounts. These results provide an overview of the quality assessment of LK, and recommendations for improvement. Keywords: Information Quality, Financial Report, Accuracy, Assessment, State Treasurer