Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Global Non-ideal Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations of Protoplanetary Disks with Outer Truncation

It has recently been established that the evolution of protoplanetary disks is primarily driven by magnetized disk winds, requiring a large-scale magnetic flux threading the disks. The size of such disks is expected to shrink with time, as opposed to the conventional scenario of viscous expansion. We present the first global 2D non-ideal magnetohydrodynamic simulations of protoplanetary disks that are truncated in the outer radius, aiming to understand the interaction of the disk with the interstellar environment, as well as the global evolution of the disk and magnetic flux. We find that as the system relaxes, the poloidal magnetic field threading the disk beyond the truncation radius collapses toward the midplane, leading to a rapid reconnection. This process removes a substantial amount of magnetic flux from the system and forms closed poloidal magnetic flux loops encircling the outer disk in quasi-steady state. These magnetic flux loops can drive expansion beyond the truncation radius, corresponding to substantial mass loss through a magnetized disk outflow beyond the truncation radius analogous to a combination of viscous spreading and external photoevaporation. The magnetic flux loops gradually shrink over time, the rates of which depend on the level of disk magnetization and the external environment, which eventually governs the long-term disk evolution.
ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY AND PROCESS OF INITIAL INFECTION OF GUARANA PLANT ( Paullinia cupana ) BY PATHOGENIC AND ENDOPHYTIC STRAINS OF Colletotrichum guaranicola

Anthracnose of the guarana plant (Paullinia cupana) is a disease caused by Colletotrichum guaranicola Albuq. Few studies have analyzed the origin, the form of penetration and the colonization of endophytic fungi in the guarana plant. This study aimed to determine differences in the enzymatic activities of endophytic and pathogenic strains of C. guaranicola during the initial infection process in leaves of clones sensitive to guarana anthracnose. Fourteen pathogenic and nine endophytic strains of C. guaranicola were isolated from guarana leaves with and without anthracnose symptoms, respectively. The enzymatic activities of protease, amylase, polyphenol oxidase, lipase, pectinase, and cellulolytic activities were evaluated for each fungal strain. The experimental design for each enzymatic assay was completely randomized with five replicates. The enzymatic evaluation was based on the measurement of halo produced by the enzyme reaction in each assay. Conidia were evaluated during germination and appressoria formation. Results did not detect enzymatic difference between pathogenic and endophytic strains. Data prior to germination showed differences between endophytic and pathogenic strains. Colonization of plant tissues by pathogenic strain was evidenced after the appearance of disease symptoms 48 hours after inoculation (hai), while for endophytic strains the presence of appressoria was observed on the surface of the epidermis 48 hai, and colonization of cells was not observed.
Deep Active Learning for Text Classification with Diverse Interpretations

Recently, Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have made remarkable progress for text classification, which, however, still require a large number of labeled data. To train high-performing models with the minimal annotation cost, active learning is proposed to select and label the most informative samples, yet it is still challenging to measure informativeness of samples used in DNNs. In this paper, inspired by piece-wise linear interpretability of DNNs, we propose a novel Active Learning with DivErse iNterpretations (ALDEN) approach. With local interpretations in DNNs, ALDEN identifies linearly separable regions of samples. Then, it selects samples according to their diversity of local interpretations and queries their labels. To tackle the text classification problem, we choose the word with the most diverse interpretations to represent the whole sentence. Extensive experiments demonstrate that ALDEN consistently outperforms several state-of-the-art deep active learning methods.
Depression and Its Effect on the Menstrual Cycle

A strong association is noted between depression and early perimenopause as well as menopause. The association was found to be the greatest in women with natural menopause at the age less than 40 years. Excessive corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) levels in depression lead to inhibition of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and increased cortisol levels which further inhibits the action of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, gonadotrophs, and gonads. The resulting changes in luteinizing hormone (LH) amplitude, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels, and LH pulse frequency were noted in patients with depression. Besides depression, earlier surgical menopause is associated with cognitive decline. In addition, it is seen that menopausal changes predisposed females to an increased risk of depression. The association between dysmenorrhea and depression was found to be bidirectional and congruent in most studies. Patients with dysmenorrhea and coexisting depression had enhanced pain perception along with a poor response to pain relief measures. Even the treatment of underlying depression has been shown to cause menorrhagia. On the other hand, amenorrhea has also been reported as a side effect of sertraline and electroconvulsive therapy. Menstrual disorders contribute to a significant number of outpatient gynecological visits per year in the United States. Co-existing or history of depression can either be the cause of or interfere in the treatment of these disorders. Furthermore, the treatment of depression can be the etiology of various menstrual abnormalities, while menstrual disorders themselves could be the cause of depression. The increasing prevalence of depression, women’s health, multiple female-specific subtypes, and the preexisting burden of menstrual disorders necessitates more detailed studies on the effects of depression on the menstrual cycle.
Enhanced Activity of Exportin-1/CRM1 in Neurons Contributes to Autophagy Dysfunction and Senescent Features in Old Mouse Brain

Brain aging is characterized by dysfunctional autophagy and cellular senescence, among other features. While autophagy can either promote or suppress cellular senescence in proliferating cells, in postmitotic cells, such as neurons, autophagy impairment promotes cellular senescence. CRM1 (exportin-1/XPO1) exports hundreds of nuclear proteins into the cytoplasm, including the transcription factors TFEB (the main inducer of autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis genes) and STAT3, another autophagy modulator. It appears that CRM1 is a modulator of aging-associated senescence and autophagy, because pharmacological inhibition of CRM1 improved autophagic degradation in flies, by increasing nuclear TFEB levels, and because enhanced CRM1 activity is mechanistically linked to senescence in fibroblasts from Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome patients and old healthy individuals; furthermore, the exogenous overexpression of CRM1 induced senescence in normal fibroblasts. In this work, we tested the hypothesis that impaired autophagic flux during brain aging occurs due to CRM1 accumulation in the brain. We found that CRM1 levels and activity increased in the hippocampus and cortex during physiological aging, which resulted in a decrease of nuclear TFEB and STAT3. Consistent with an autophagic flux impairment, we observed accumulation of the autophagic receptor p62/SQSTM1 in neurons of old mice, which correlated with increased neuronal senescence. Using an in vitro model of neuronal senescence, we demonstrate that CRM1 inhibition improved autophagy flux and reduced SA-β-gal activity by restoring TFEB nuclear localization. Collectively, our data suggest that enhanced CRM1-mediated export of proteins during brain aging perturbs neuronal homeostasis, contributing to autophagy impairment, and neuronal senescence.
A multiple time renewal equation for neural assemblies with elapsed time model

We introduce and study an extension of the classical elapsed time equation in the context of neuron populations that are described by the elapsed time since last discharge. In this extension, we incorporate the elapsed time since the penultimate discharge and we obtain a more complex system of integro-differential equations. For this new system, we prove convergence with exponential rate to stationary state by means of Doeblin’s theory in the case of weak non-linearities using an appropriate functional setting, inspired by the case of the classical elapsed time equation. Moreover, we present some numerical simulations to observe how different firing rates can give different types of behaviors and to contrast them with theoretical results of both the classical and extended models.
Application of Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis to Identify Key Modules and Hub Genes in Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) is a severe autoinflammatory disorder with a still not clearly defined molecular mechanism. To better understand the disease, we used scattered datasets from public domains and performed a weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify key modules and hub genes underlying sJIA pathogenesis. Two gene expression datasets, GSE7753 and GSE13501, were used to construct the WGCNA. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were applied to the genes and hub genes in the sJIA modules. Cytoscape was used to screen and visualize the hub genes. We further compared the hub genes with the genome-wide association study (GWAS) genes and used a consensus WGCNA to verify that our conclusions were conservative and reproducible across multiple independent datasets. A total of 5,414 genes were obtained for WGCNA, from which highly correlated genes were divided into 17 modules. The red module demonstrated the highest correlation with the sJIA module (r = 0.8, p = 3e−29), whereas the green-yellow module was found to be closely related to the non-sJIA module (r = 0.62, p = 1e−14). Functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that the red module was mostly enriched in the activation of immune responses, infection, nucleosomes, and erythrocytes, and the green-yellow module was mostly enriched in immune responses and inflammation. Additionally, the hub genes in the red module were highly enriched in erythrocyte differentiation, including ALAS2, AHSP, TRIM10, TRIM58, and KLF1. The hub genes from the green-yellow module were mainly associated with immune responses, as exemplified by the genes KLRB1, KLRF1, CD160, and KIRs. We identified sJIA-related modules and several hub genes that might be associated with the development of sJIA. Particularly, the modules may help understand the mechanisms of sJIA, and the hub genes may become biomarkers and therapeutic targets of sJIA in the future.
HapticBots: Distributed Encountered-type Haptics for VR with Multiple Shape-changing Mobile Robots

HapticBots introduces a novel encountered-type haptic approach for Virtual Reality (VR) based on multiple tabletop-size shape-changing robots. These robots move on a tabletop and change their height and orientation to haptically render various surfaces and objects on-demand. Compared to previous encountered-type haptic approaches like shape displays or robotic arms, our proposed approach has an advantage in deployability, scalability, and generalizability—these robots can be easily deployed due to their compact form factor. They can support multiple concurrent touch points in a large area thanks to the distributed nature of the robots. We propose and evaluate a novel set of interactions enabled by these robots which include: 1) rendering haptics for VR objects by providing just-in-time touch-points on the user’s hand, 2) simulating continuous surfaces with the concurrent height and position change, and 3) enabling the user to pick up and move VR objects through graspable proxy objects. Finally, we demonstrate HapticBots with various applications, including remote collaboration, education and training, design and 3D modeling, and gaming and entertainment.
Macronutrient balancing in free‐ranging populations of moose

Abstract At northern latitudes, large spatial and temporal variation in the nutritional composition of available foods poses challenges to wild herbivores trying to satisfy their nutrient requirements. Studies conducted in mostly captive settings have shown that animals from a variety of taxonomic groups deal with this challenge by adjusting the amounts and proportions of available food combinations to achieve a target nutrient balance. In this study, we used proportions‐based nutritional geometry to analyze the nutritional composition of rumen samples collected in winter from 481 moose (Alces alces) in southern Sweden and examine whether free‐ranging moose show comparable patterns of nutrient balancing. Our main hypothesis was that wild moose actively regulate their rumen nutrient composition to offset ecologically imposed variation in the nutritional composition of available foods. To test this, we assessed the macronutritional composition (protein, carbohydrates, and lipids) of rumen contents and commonly eaten foods, including supplementary feed, across populations with contrasting winter diets, spanning an area of approximately 10,000 km2. Our results suggest that moose balanced the macronutrient composition of their rumen, with the rumen contents having consistently similar proportional relationship between protein and nonstructural carbohydrates, despite differences in available (and eaten) foods. Furthermore, we found that rumen macronutrient balance was tightly related to ingested levels of dietary fiber (cellulose and hemicellulose), such that the greater the fiber content, the less protein was present in the rumen compared with nonstructural carbohydrates. Our results also suggest that moose benefit from access to a greater variety of trees, shrubs, herbs, and grasses, which provides them with a larger nutritional space to maneuver within. Our findings provide novel theoretical insights into a model species for ungulate nutritional ecology, while also generating data of direct relevance to wildlife and forest management, such as silvicultural or supplementary feeding practices.
A comparative evaluation of the effect of three different concentrations of in-office bleaching agents on microhardness and surface roughness of enamel – An in vitro study

Background: To evaluate the changes in the micro-hardness and surface roughness of enamel treated with three different concentrations of in-office bleaching agents. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, 60 human incisors were divided into two groups (Group A and Group B). To obtain the baseline values, a Vickers tester was used to determine the surface microhardness in Group A, and a Surtronic tester was used for evaluation of surface roughness in Group B. Each group was then further subdivided into three subgroups and subjected to bleaching with Dash (Groups A1 and B1), Pola Office (Groups A2 and B2), and Opalescence Boost (Groups A3 and B3) containing 30%, 35%, and 40% hydrogen peroxide (HP), respectively. Samples were again subjected to testing to obtain the postbleaching values. Pre- and postbleaching data were analyzed by paired t-test. Intergroup comparison was carried out using one-way ANOVA (P ≤ 0.05). Results: A significant decrease in microhardness values was observed following bleaching in all the three groups, with Group A1 showing maximum percentage decrease (2.58%), followed by Group A2 (1.23%) and Group A3 (0.73%). Furthermore, an increase in surface roughness was observed following bleaching, with Group B1 showing maximum percentage increase (14.80%), followed by Group B2 (8.25%) and Group B3 (5.79%). However, there was no significant difference in either microhardness or surface roughness when comparing the postbleaching values among the three bleaching agents. Conclusion: In-office bleaching agents may adversely affect the microhardness and roughness of enamel surface which are not related to the concentration of HP used.
The Diagnostic Value of Serum Exosomal Has_circ_0000615 for Breast Cancer Patients

Background To explore the expression level of has_circ_0000615 in peripheral blood samples and evaluate its diagnostic value for breast cancer patients. Methods The peripheral blood samples of 95 breast cancer patients who underwent curative surgical resection and 95 age-matched healthy volunteers in our institutions from September 2019 to November 2020 were systematically collected. The expression level of has_circ_0000615 in the plasma was amplified and detected by qRT-PCR, and its correlation to clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer patients were analyzed. Results Breast cancer patients had a significantly higher expression level of has_circ_0000615 in the plasma than healthy controls (P < 0.01), and its high expression was closely associated with advanced tumor stage (P=0.010), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.001) and high grade of recurrence risk (P=0.012). The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves showed that the area under curve (AUC) value, sensitivity and specificity of has_circ_0000615 for the diagnosis of non-metastatic breast cancer was 0.904 (95% CI: 0.863–0.944), 76.8% and 88.4%, respectively. Serum has_circ_0000615 expression had a better diagnostic efficiency than routine tumor biomarkers such as CA153, CA125 and CEA for distinguishing breast cancer patients from healthy individuals. TEM revealed that isolated exosomes from the culture medium of breast cancer cells had a disk-like appearance with a diameter of 80–200 nm vesicles, and the expression of exosome markers CD9 and CD81 was markedly increased. More importantly, the expression of has_circ_0000615 was detected in the exosomes and its expression level was markedly upregulated in breast cancer cell lines compared with normal ductal epithelial cells. The stability assay showed that there was no difference between RNA extraction at 0 hour and 24 hours in terms of the expression of has_circ_0000615 (P =0.327). Has_circ_0000615 might as exosomes be secreted into the circulating blood of breast cancer patients, resulting in a high expression level in plasma samples. Conclusion The detection of has_circ_0000615 might be a promising diagnostic method for breast cancer.
LLVIP: A Visible-infrared Paired Dataset for Low-light Vision

It is very challenging for various visual tasks such as image fusion, pedestrian detection and image-to-image translation in low light conditions due to the loss of effective target areas. In this case, infrared and visible images can be used together to provide both rich detail information and effective target areas. In this paper, we present LLVIP, a visible-infrared paired dataset for low-light vision. This dataset contains 33672 images, or 16836 pairs, most of which were taken at very dark scenes, and all of the images are strictly aligned in time and space. Pedestrians in the dataset are labeled. We compare the dataset with other visible-infrared datasets and evaluate the performance of some popular visual algorithms including image fusion, pedestrian detection and image-to-image translation on the dataset. The experimental results demonstrate the complementary effect of fusion on image information, and find the deficiency of existing algorithms of the three visual tasks in very low-light conditions. We believe the LLVIP dataset will contribute to the community of computer vision by promoting image fusion, pedestrian detection and image-to-image translation in very low-light applications. The dataset is being released in https://bupt-ai-cz.github. io/LLVIP/.
Biomarkers for predicting response to long‐term high dose aspirin therapy in aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease

Abstract Introduction Aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is a phenotype of asthma characterized by eosinophilic inflammation in the airways, mast cell activation, cysteinyl leukotriene overproduction, and acute respiratory reactions on exposure to cyclooxygenase‐1 inhibitors. Aspirin desensitization followed by daily high‐dose aspirin therapy is a safe and effective treatment option for the majority of patients with AERD. However, there is still some percentage of the population who do not derive benefits from daily aspirin use. Methods Based on the current literature, the biomarkers, which might predict aspirin treatment outcomes in AERD patients, were evaluated. Results and conclusions Patients with severe symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis, type 2 asthma based on blood eosinophilia, non‐neutrophilic inflammatory phenotype based on sputum cells, as well as high plasma level of 15‐hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15‐HETE) are potentially good responders to long term high‐dose aspirin therapy. Additionally, high expression of the hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase gene, HPGD encoding prostaglandin‐degrading enzyme 15‐hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15‐PGDH) and low expression of the proteoglycan 2 gene, PRG2 encoding constituent of the eosinophil granule in sputum cells might serve as a predictor of good response to aspirin therapy. Variations in the expression of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 in the airways could additionally influence the response to long‐term aspirin therapy. Arachidonic acid metabolites levels via the 5‐lipoxygenase as well as via the cyclooxygenase pathways in induced sputum supernatant do not change during high dose long‐term aspirin therapy and do not influence outcomes of aspirin treatment.
The tardigrade Hypsibius exemplaris has the active mitochondrial alternative oxidase that could be studied at animal organismal level

Mitochondrial alternative oxidase (AOX) is predicted to be present in mitochondria of several invertebrate taxa including tardigrades. Independently of the reason concerning the enzyme occurrence in animal mitochondria, expression of AOX in human mitochondria is regarded as a potential therapeutic strategy. Till now, relevant data were obtained due to heterologous AOX expression in cells and animals without natively expressed AOX. Application of animals natively expressing AOX could importantly contribute to the research. Thus, we decided to investigate AOX activity in intact specimens of the tardigrade Hypsibius exemplaris. We observed that H. exemplaris specimens’ tolerance to the blockage of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) cytochrome pathway was diminished in the presence of AOX inhibitor and the inhibitor-sensitive respiration enabled the tardigrade respiration under condition of the blockage. Importantly, these observations correlated with relevant changes of the mitochondrial inner membrane potential (Δψ) detected in intact animals. Moreover, detection of AOX at protein level required the MRC cytochrome pathway blockage. Overall, we demonstrated that AOX activity in tardigrades can be monitored by the animals’ behavior observation as well as by measurement of intact specimens’ whole-body respiration and Δψ. Furthermore, it is also possible to check the impact of the MRC cytochrome pathway blockage on AOX level as well as AOX inhibition in the absence of the blockage on animal functioning. Thus, H. exemplaris could be consider as a whole-animal model suitable to study AOX.