Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A note on the generalized information criterion for choice of a model

SUMMARY One way of selecting models is to choose that model for which the maximized log likelihood minus a multiple of the number of parameters estimated is a maximum. This note explores the choice of values for the multiplier, with the value one corresponding to Akaike's information criterion. The relationship with Bayesian procedures is mentioned. Suppose that there are a number of competing models which may be fitted to some data. If the log likelihood of the ith model maximized over q* parameters is Li, the generalized information criterion is to choose the model for which Li - -1cq* is a maximum. In the criterion suggested by Akaike as equals 2. Values of os in the range 1-4 are considered by Bhansali & Downham (1977) for the choice of a time series model. As have many other authors, including Geisser & Eddy (1979) and McClave (1978), Bhansali & Downham assessed their criteria by the frequency of choice of the correct model. One purpose of the present note is to suggest that this. may not be an appropriate basis for choice: the objectives of the analysis need more explicit formulation. A similar point is made by Akaike (1979) who com- pares values of ot on the basis of squared prediction error. His simulation is, however, un- informative about the conditions under which various values of a are optimum. In this note a simple example is simulated to investigate the taxonomy of optimum of values for prediction purposes. For simplicity of structure and ease of simulation we work with linear regression models, for which the information criterion reduces to a generalized Cp statistic. The behaviour of this statistic as a function of ot is investigated in the next section. Significance testing and Bayesian alternatives are discussed in ? 3. Section 4 is concerned with asymptotics. The note closes with some general comments which allude to ridge regression and simulation.
Angle/Fractal Multiplexing Using x–y Galvano Mirror System and New Method of Improving Random-Access Performance

Angle/fractal multiplexing using an x–y Galvano mirror and a new method of improving random access for a holographic digital data storage (HDDS) are discussed in this paper. Using angle/fractal multiplexing, total 1000 data pages were recorded on a 0.03% Fe-doped LiNbO3 crystal. In this process, we introduced a random-access concept in a HDDS and proposed a new method to improve the random-access performance. The proposed method is the use of an additional signal beam to record a page count signal, and a basic experiment was performed to verify the idea. A 2×10-4 raw bit error rate (BER) was achieved from the recorded data, and the effectiveness of the proposed page count signal during seek motion was proved by experiments. Finally, a random-access using a proportional-integration-derivative (PID) controller combining with a Kalman filter to estimate the precision of the output was carried out, and some comments on the results were presented.
Measurement of the Viscosity and Shear Elasticity of Liquids by Means of a Torsionally Vibrating Crystal

This paper describes a method of measuring viscosities of liquids at high-frequencies by means of oscillating cylinders, in which a torsionally vibrating crystal generates a viscous wave in the medium to be measured. Both a reactance and a resistance loading occur in the crystal which lowers its frequency and raises the measured resistance at resonance. The viscosity may then be determined by measuring the changes in the properties of the crystal. By varying the voltage on the crystal, the shearing displacement can be varied and hence the viscosity can be measured as a function of shearing stress. Measurements on light oils over a viscosity range from 0.01 poise to 10 poises check within a few per cent when made with rough temperature-control conditions.
Effects of Drying Methods on Taste Components and Flavor Characterization of Cordyceps militaris

The influences of four drying methods (hot air drying (HAD), vacuum freeze drying (VFD), vacuum drying (VD) and intermittent microwave combined with hot air drying (MW-HAD)) on the taste profile and flavor characteristic of Cordyceps militaris were investigated. MW-HAD samples had the highest levels of umami taste 5′-nucleotides, bitter taste amino acids, and equivalent umami concentration (EUC) value. The aroma fingerprints and differences of dried Cordyceps militaris were established by GC-MS with odor activity values (OAVs) and GC-IMS with principal component analysis (PCA). GC-MS data showed that the predominant volatiles of dried samples were aldehydes, alcohols, and ketones. VFD samples had the highest amount of total aroma compounds and C8 compounds. Moreover, 21 aroma-active components (OAVs ≥ 1) were the main contributors to the flavor of dried Cordyceps militaris. The OAVs of 1-octen-3-one and 3-octanone associated with mushroom-like odor in VFD were significantly higher than other samples. Furthermore, a significant difference in flavor compounds of four dried samples was also clearly demonstrated by GC-IMS analysis with PCA. GC-IMS analysis revealed that VFD samples had the most abundant flavor compounds. Overall, MW-HAD was an effective drying method to promote umami taste, and VFD could superiorly preserve volatiles and characteristic aroma compounds in dried Cordyceps militaris.
Hypoxia-induced factor and its role in liver fibrosis

Liver fibrosis develops as a result of severe liver damage and is considered a major clinical concern throughout the world. Many factors are crucial for liver fibrosis progression. While advancements have been made to understand this disease, no effective pharmacological drug and treatment strategies have been established that can effectively prevent liver fibrosis or even could halt the fibrotic process. Most of those advances in curing liver fibrosis have been aimed towards mitigating the causes of fibrosis, including the development of potent antivirals to inhibit the hepatitis virus. It is not practicable for many individuals; however, a liver transplant becomes the only suitable alternative. A liver transplant is an expensive procedure. Thus, there is a significant need to identify potential targets of liver fibrosis and the development of such agents that can effectively treat or reverse liver fibrosis by targeting them. Researchers have identified hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) in the last 16 years as important transcription factors driving several facets of liver fibrosis, making them possible therapeutic targets. The latest knowledge on HIFs and their possible role in liver fibrosis, along with the cell-specific activities of such transcription factors that how they play role in liver fibrosis progression, is discussed in this review.
of U „, in Proton-Proton Scattering in Pure Spin States*(

Squared time derivatives of output powers of the Argonne and Maryland gravitational radiation detectors are written on magnetic tapes at Argonne and Maryland every 0. 1 sec. A computer files the threshold crossing times. A coincidence is a pair of identical crossing times of both tapes. The accidentals rate is measured by repeating the procedure for a sequence of time delays in either channel. A significant excess of coincidences is found at zero delay. An experiment was done using the new accelerated polarized proton beam at the Argonne National Laboratory zero-gradient synchrotron and a polarized proton target. The total cross section for proton-proton scattering at 3. 5 GeV/c was measured in the spin states ft and tk perpendicular to the beam direction. The two cross sections were found to be equal within the experimental error of +5%.
Book review

Algorithmic trading and execution is a field that is not as well served by literature as it should be. This book is a rigorous yet practical introduction to the subject and takes the reader to some advanced concepts in quantitative algo trading. The authors combine academic research expertise and the skills of senior quant experience at leading investment banks: Raja Velu is a professor of finance analytics in the Whitman School of Management, Syracuse University, while Maxence Hardy, J.P Morgan’s Global Head of eTrading has over 12 years experience of developing algorithmic trading algorithms for the equities division of JP Morgan, and Daniel Nehren had been Managing Director and Head of Equity Execution at leading international investment banks and hedge funds including Barclays, Citi, J.P. Morgan and Citadel and since
Standings in sports competitions using integer programming

Standings in sports are obtained by applying a system of rules to evaluate the performance of the participants in a competition. We consider standings that result from assigning an ordinal rank to each competitor according to their performance. We develop an integer programming model for standings that allows us to calculate the number of points needed to guarantee a team the ith position, as well as the minimum number of points that could yield the ith place. The model is very general and can thus be adapted to many types of sports. We discuss examples coming from football (soccer), ice hockey, and Formula 1. We answer various questions and debunk a few myths along the way. Are 40 points enough to avoid relegation in the German Bundesliga? Do 95 points guarantee the participation of a team in the NHL playoffs? Moreover, in the season restructuration that was under consideration in November 2012, would it be easier or harder to access the playoffs? Is it possible to win the Formula 1 World Championship without winning at least one race or without even climbing once on the podium? Finally, we observe that the optimal solutions of the aforementioned model are associated to extreme situations which are unlikely to happen. Thus, to get closer to realistic scenarios, we enhance the model by adding some constraints inferred from the results of the previous years.
Magnetohydrodynamic modeling of the global solar corona

A three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic model of the global solar corona is described. The model uses observed photospheric magnetic fields as a boundary condition. A version of the model with a polytropic energy equation is used to interpret solar observations, including eclipse images of the corona, Ulysses spacecraft measurements of the interplanetary magnetic field, and coronal hole boundaries from Kitt Peak He 10 830 A maps and extreme ultraviolet images from the Solar Heliospheric Observatory. Observed magnetic fields are used as a boundary condition to model the evolution of the solar corona during the period February 1997–March 1998. A model with an improved energy equation and Alfven waves that is better able to model the solar wind is also presented.
Properties of the cascaded lattice Boltzmann automaton

The theory of the lattice Boltzmann automaton is based on a moment transform which is not Galilean invariant. It is explained how the central moments transform, used in the cascaded lattice Boltzmann method, overcomes this problem by choosing the center of mass coordinate system as the frame of reference. Galilean invariance is restored and the form of the kinetic theory is unaffected. Conservation laws are not compromised by the high order polyinomials in the equilibrium distribution arising from the central moment transform. Two sources of instabilities in lattice Boltzmann simulations are discussed: negative numerical viscosity due to insufficient Galilean invariance and aliasing. The cascaded lattice Boltzmann automaton overcomes both problems. It is discussed why aliasing is unavoidable in lattice Boltzmann methods that rely on a single relaxation time. An appendix lists the complete scattering operator of the D2Q9 cascaded lattice Boltzmann automaton.
The effect of die materials and pressure-dependent slip on the extrusion of linear low-density polyethylene

The flow of linear low-density polyethylene through stainless-steel slit dies occurred at shear rates approximately 12% higher than in identical α-brass dies at the same wall shear stresses, indicating near-wall slip. The flow curves were independent of gap spacing. We show through the slip theory of Hill and co-workers [J. Rheol. 34, 891–918 (1990)] that a measurable gap dependence of the flow curve is not a necessary consequence of wall slip; the flow curves for both stainless steel and α-brass dies can be fit with the same rheological parameters, with a difference in the work of adhesion accounting for the differences in the flow curves. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed differences in the chemistry of brass surfaces with different pretreating, corresponding to small differences in flow curves. Fluorocarbon-coated die surfaces showed no more slip than stainless steel, while the flow curve with gold-coated surfaces followed stainless steel at intermediate stress and brass at high stress.
Effect of external mechanical constraints on the phase diagram of epitaxial PbZr1−xTixO3 thin films—thermodynamic calculations and phase-field simulations

The phase diagram of a PbZr1−xTixO3 (PZT) film constrained by a much thicker substrate was studied using both thermodynamic calculations and phase-field approach. It was found that the ferroelectric transition temperature is increased with substrate constraint regardless of the nature of the constraint, i.e., tensile or compressive. The maximum increase in the transition temperature occurs near x=0.5, and the morphotropic phase boundary is shifted considerably by the substrate constraint. It is shown that the orthorhombic phase (|P1|=|P2|≠0, P3=0) that does not exist in the bulk becomes stable under a tensile constraint, and the rhombohedral phase (|P1|=|P2|=|P3|≠0) in the bulk is distorted in the constrained film, i.e., |P1|=|P2|≠0, |P3|≠0. The phase diagrams obtained by the phase-field approach indicated that the stability region for the tetragonal phase is much wider than that obtained from the thermodynamic calculations assuming a single-domain, especially under tensile substrate constraint. The discr.
Detection of circuit-board components with an adaptive multiclass correlation filter

A new method for reliable detection of circuit-board components is proposed. The method is based on an adaptive multiclass composite correlation filter. The filter is designed with the help of an iterative algorithm using complex synthetic discriminant functions. The impulse response of the filter contains information needed to localize and classify geometrically distorted circuit-board components belonging to different classes. Computer simulation results obtained with the proposed method are provided and compared with those of known multiclass correlation based techniques in terms of performance criteria for recognition and classification of objects.
SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL BEHAVIOR OF CONGESTION IN INTERNET TRAFFIC

We have developed an approach which allows the determination of relative congestion levels on nodes of TCP/IP computer network by observing test packet round trip time sequences for a series of routers located along the same path. We have also demonstrated the existence of strong spatial correlation of congestion levels. Propagation of congestion between neighboring routers can be observed directly. With increasing network load, distribution of congestion duration times changes from exponential to a distribution falling off slower than power law, via power law distribution. We thus conclude that direct observations of network congestion agree with predictions of a model based on contact process.
The Nature and Nurture of Callous-Unemotional Traits

Callous-unemotional (CU) traits, a risk factor for psychopathy, delineate youths with relatively low empathy and guilt, and identify youths with high risk for chronic and severe antisocial behavior (e.g., rule breaking, aggression). We describe work identifying nature and nurture influences on the development of CU traits. Additionally, we clarify the relationship between CU traits and psychopathy, highlight potential misinterpretations of findings on influences of “nature” versus “nurture,” and discuss treatment implications.
A COMPACT BOSON COUPLED TO TWO-DIMENSIONAL GRAVITY

The radius dependence of partition functions is explicitly evaluated in the continuum field theory of a compactified boson, interacting with two-dimensional quantum gravity (noncritical string) on Riemann surfaces for the first few genera. The partition function for the torus is found to be a sum of terms proportional to R and 1/R. This is in agreement with the result of a discretized version (matrix models), but is quite different from the critical string. The supersymmetric case is also explicitly evaluated.
Intermedin 1-53 Ameliorates Atrial Fibrosis and Reduces Inducibility of Atrial Fibrillation via TGF-β1/pSmad3 and Nox4 Pathway in a Rat Model of Heart Failure

Objective: New drugs to block the occurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) based on atrial structural remodeling (ASR) are urgently needed. The purpose of this study was to study the role of intermedin 1-53 (IMD1-53) in ASR and AF formation in rats after myocardial infarction (MI). Material and methods: Heart failure was induced by MI in rats. Fourteen days after MI surgery, rats with heart failure were randomized into control (untreated MI group, n = 10) and IMD-treated (n = 10) groups. The MI group and sham group received saline injections. The rats in the IMD group received IMD1-53, 10 nmol/kg/day intraperitoneally for 4 weeks. The AF inducibility and atrial effective refractory period (AERP) were assessed with an electrophysiology test. Additionally, the left-atrial diameter was determined, and heart function and hemodynamic tests were performed. We detected the area changes of myocardial fibrosis in the left atrium using Masson staining. To detect the protein expression and mRNA expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), α-SMA, collagen Ⅰ, collagen III, and NADPH oxidase (Nox4) in the myocardial fibroblasts and left atrium, we used the Western blot method and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Results: Compared with the MI group, IMD1-53 treatment decreased the left-atrial diameter and improved cardiac function, while it also improved the left-ventricle end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP). IMD1-53 treatment attenuated AERP prolongation and reduced atrial fibrillation inducibility in the IMD group. In vivo, IMD1-53 reduced the left-atrial fibrosis content in the heart after MI surgery and inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of collagen type Ⅰ and III. IMD1-53 also inhibited the expression of TGF-β1, α-SMA, and Nox4 both in mRNA and protein. In vivo, we found that IMD1-53 inhibited the phosphorylation of Smad3. In vitro, we found that the downregulated expression of Nox4 was partly dependent on the TGF-β1/ALK5 pathway. Conclusions: IMD1-53 decreased the duration and inducibility of AF and atrial fibrosis in the rats after MI operation. The possible mechanisms are related to the inhibition of TGF-β1/Smad3-related fibrosis and TGF-β1/Nox4 activity. Therefore, IMD1-53 may be a promising upstream treatment drug to prevent AF.
Prediction score for post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) after acute ischemic stroke

It was estimated that patients with ischemic stroke and post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) have been increasing. In addition, this PSCI is often late diagnosed when it has already developed into post-stroke dementia. Only a few studies have developed a scoring system of predictor factors cognitive impairment (CI) for post-acute ischemic stroke in Indonesia. This study aimed to develop a scoring system of predictor factors of CI for post-stroke ischemic patients. The patients included were >18 years old diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke who underwent mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and clock drawing test (CDT) examination on day-30 at Bethesda Hospital Yogyakarta. It was retrospective cohort study design and samples were obtained from the stroke registry and medical records. Patients who had a history of CI and incomplete medical records were excluded. The results of MSSE and CDT at day-30 were the outcomes of this study. To evaluate the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable, chi-squared tests were perforemd followed by multivariate logistic regression analysis with Hosmer-Lemeshow tests with backward likelihood-ratio (LR) method and by assessing the final area under the curve (AUC) model. The final model was transformed into a scoring system to determine the value of probability prediction of PSCI, the optimal cut-off point, the sensitivity value and specificity value of the cognitive impairment scoring system at day-30 after acute ischemic stroke. A total of 140 subjects were included in the study with an average age of 62.8 years, 86 (61.4%) males and 54 (38.6%) females. Ninety-one subjects (65%) experienced post-stroke CI. The multivariate analysis showed age >70 years, education level ≤6 years, modified ranking score (mRS) >3 at diagnosis, Barthel index score ≤4 at diagnosis, the number of multiple lesions and the location of lesion in the cortex were independent predictor factors affecting CI 30 days after acute ischemic stroke. The developed predictor score obtained AUC discrimination value of 82.6% (95%CI:0.757-0.896) and calibration value of p>0.366. The scoring system had a value range of 0-7, and with a cut-off ≥1, it had a sensitivity value of 86.8% and a specificity value of 59.2%. It can be concluded that the predictor score has a good performance in predicting the occurrence of PSCI at day-30 after acute ischemic stroke.
Thermal effects in the photoelectron spectra ofNaN−clusters(N=4–19)

Photoelectron spectra (PES) of sodium cluster anions ${\mathrm{Na}}_{N}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ $(4l~Nl~19),$ measured at close to room temperature, are compared to the electronic density of states obtained from Born-Oppenheimer local-spin-density Langevin molecular-dynamics simulations. Although the shapes of the clusters follow the general predictions of jellium models, considerable deviations occur for the sizes with $Nl~7. $ Most notably, ${\mathrm{Na}}_{7}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ shows a triaxial deformation at elevated temperatures, caused by thermally induced quadrupole shape fluctuations. For ${\mathrm{Na}}_{12}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ as well as for ${\mathrm{Na}}_{13}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ our simulations confirm the jellium model prediction of the existence of two quasidegenerate (and thermally stable) shape isomers. The experimental PES data of these $1d$ midshell clusters, however, suggest that only the oblate shapes are present in the experiment. This phenomenon may originate from the formation mechanism of the clusters in the beam.
Children’s willingness to have contact with children from different cultures; evidence from the Tec4schools program

ABSTRACT This paper explores the factors that predict children’s willingness to have contact with those from cultures in conflict, using data collected in 2014–2015 from the TEC4Schools program which begins online and eventually includes face-to-face contact. Hierarchical regression analysis was conducted on the results of the questionnaire from 577 students. The predictors were entered in four steps: (1) personal details (gender and religion), (2) equity and satisfaction (3) collaboration (the use of collaborative learning in the course), and (4) intercultural attitudes. Both intercultural attitudes and positive experiences are associated with collaboration and predict the dependent variable: the willingness of the children to interact with those from other cultures. Satisfaction and equity do not directly predict willingness to interact with other children but do so via collaboration. In addition, the variable ‘intercultural attitudes’ is a mediator for collaboration, meaning that collaboration does predict willingness to interact with other cultures via intercultural attitudes. Although the findings show that gender and religion do not predict willingness to interact, there are significant differences in gender and/or religion in satisfaction, equity, intercultural attitudes, and collaboration.