Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The spreading of insoluble surfactant at the free surface of a deep fluid layer

The unsteady spreading of an insoluble monolayer containing a fixed mass of surface-active material over the initially horizontal free surface of a viscous fluid layer is investigated. A flow driving the spreading is induced by gradients in surface tension, which arise from the nonuniform surfactant distribution. Distinct phases in the flow's dynamics are distinguished by a time T = H02/v, where H0 is the fluid depth and v its viscosity. For times t [Lt ] T, i.e. before the lower boundary has any significant influence on the flow, a laminar sub-surface boundary-layer flow is generated. The effects of gravity, capillarity, surface diffusion or surface contamination may be weak enough for the flow to drive a substantial unsteady displacement of the free surface, upward behind the monolayer's leading edge and downward towards its centre. Similarity solutions are identified describing the spreading of a localized planar monolayer strip (which spreads like t1/2) or an axisymmetric drop (which spreads like t3/8); using the Prandtl transformation, the associated boundary-layer problems are solved numerically. Quasi-steady sub-layers are shown to exist at the centre and at the leading edge of the monolayer; that due to surface contamination, for example, may eventually grow to dominate the flow, in which case spreading proceeds like t3/4. Once t = O(T), vorticity created at the free surface has diffused down to the lower boundary and the flow changes character, slowing appreciably. The dynamics of this stage are modelled by reducing the problem to a single nonlinear diffusion equation. For a spreading monolayer strip or drop, the transition from an inertia-dominated (boundary-layer) flow to a viscosity-dominated (thin-film) flow is predicted to be largely complete once t ≈ 85 T.
Detecting the first objects in the mid-infrared with the Next Generation Space Telescope

We calculate the expected mid-infrared (MIR) molecular hydrogen line emission from the first objects in the Universe. As a result of their low masses, the stellar feedback from massive stars is able to blow away their gas content and collect it into a cooling shell where H2 rapidly forms and IR roto-vibrational (as for example the rest-frame 2.12 μm) lines carry away a large fraction (up to 10 per cent) of the explosion energy. The fluxes from these sources are in the range 10−21–10−17 erg s−1 cm−2. The highest number counts are expected in the 20-μm band, where about 105 sources deg−2 are predicted at the limiting flux of 3×10−18 erg s−1 cm−2. Among the planned observational facilities, we find that the best detection perspectives are offered by the Next Generation Space Telescope (NGST), which should be able to reveal about 200 first objects in one hour observation time at its limiting flux in the above band. Therefore, mid-IR instruments appear to represent perfect tools to trace star formation and stellar feedback in the high (z≳5) redshift Universe.
Estimation of Inertial Parameters of Manipulator Loads and Links

The inertial parameters of manipulator rigid-body loads and links have been automatically estimated as a result of gen eral movement. The Newton-Euler equations have been recast to relate linearly the measured joint forces or torques via acceleration-dependent coefficients to the inertial parame ters, which have then been estimated by least squares. Load estimation was implemented on a PUMA 600 robot equipped with an R TI FS-B wrist force-torque sensor and on the MIT Serial Link Direct Drive Arm equipped with a Barry Wright Company Astek wrist force-torque sensor. Good estimates were obtained for load mass and center of mass, and the forces and torques due to movement of the load could be pre dicted accurately. The load moments of inertia were more difficult to estimate. Link estimation was implemented on the MIT Serial Link Direct Drive Arm. A good match was ob tained between joint torques predicted from the estimated parameters and the joint torques estimated from motor cur rents. The match actually proved superior to predicted torques based on link inertial parameters derived by CAD modeling. Restrictions on the identifiability of link inertial parameters due to restricted sensing and movement near the base have been addressed. Implications of estimation accu racy for manipulator dynamics and control have been consid ered.
Variability in the Response against Teladorsagia circumcincta in Lambs of Two Canarian Sheep Breeds

The increasing resistance to anthelmintics has necessitated the exploration of alternative control strategies of gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections. A sustainable option is genetic selection based on differences in susceptibility to GIN infection between and within breeds of sheep. Here, three-month-old Canaria Hair breed (GIN-resistant) and Canaria Sheep breed (GIN-susceptible) showed no significant between-breed differences after trickle infection with Teladorsagia circumcincta, whereas considerable individual variability was found in both breeds. Next, data from lambs of both breeds were used to explore the relationships between parasitological variables and T. circumcincta-specific IgA levels, local immune cell populations, and abomasal lymph node gene expression to understand the possible mechanisms underlying resistance. Mucosal IgA levels as well as numbers of globular leukocytes and MHC-II+ cells were associated with protection. Analysis of lymph node gene expression revealed the associations between lower parasite numbers and cumulative fecal egg counts and several immune pathways, such as leukocyte cell adhesion, activation and differentiation of T cells, in particular CD4+ and IL-4 production. The data obtained here may inform on the relationship between phenotypic resistance variability and protective responses at the humoral, cellular, and transcriptomic levels, thus contributing to identifying immune responses in young lambs that could be used as markers for selection.
Hard X-ray spectra from gap accretion onto neutron stars

Weakly magnetized neutron stars undergoing disk accretion are found to emit copious hard X-rays if the marginally stable orbit lies outside the stellar surface. In this general relativistic picture (impossible in Newtonian gravity) the accretion disk terminates well outside the stellar surface. Accreting matter crosses the gap between the disk and the star in free fall; it then strikes the neutron star surface at a shallow angle, creating a hot equatorial accretion belt with a temperature inversion. A typical emergent spectrum, which was obtained in a self-consistent manner by one-plus-one-dimensional radiative transfert and hydro code, is presented.
Dipole-Dipole Interaction in Quasi One-Dimensional Harmonic Traps

Low-dimensional systems of dipoles show many interesting features in terms of both spectra and density distributions. Many external parameters of such a system can in fact be controlled in experiments, so simulations are invaluable in order to investigate how properties depend on such parameters. In particular the ideal dipole-dipole interaction in a quasi one-dimensional system of particles is dependent on the angle of the dipolar-moments relative to the alignment. In fact the inter-particle interaction can be tuned to become both attractive and repulsive by changing this “dipole angle” via an external field, so it is especially interesting to investigate how systems depend on this parameter. In this project I perform simulations with a quasi one-dimensional harmonic system of a few ideal dipoles. Calculations using exact diagonalization are performed in order to find the energy-eigenvectors of systems with various numbers of dipolar fermions or bosons. The parameters for both the inter-particle dipole-dipole interaction and the transverse confinement are then altered in order to investigate the systems. Some analytical work is also done investigating the features of the dipole-dipole interaction, which has been seen to give rise to ambiguities even for the ideal-dipole model. This project mainly deals with a few specific features of one-dimensional systems of ideal dipoles. Among these features are separation, localization and fermionization of bosons. Fermionization of bosons essentially means that the repelling force between particles is so strong that they never overlap. Therefore the Pauli principle becomes unimportant and bosons and fermions show similar properties in a fermionized system. It will be investigated how these features depend on the parameters of the interaction, and how the they can be applied in order to improve models and predict new results in related areas of research.
LUMINESCENCE PROCESS IN ANATASE TiO2 STUDIED BY TIME-RESOLVED SPECTROSCOPY

We have studied time response of self-trapped exciton (STE) luminescence in anatase phase of TiO2 as functions of excitation photon energy and temperature. The decay curves, which consist of two components obeying exponential and power-law decay, are found to depend significantly on the two parameters. The exponential component is stimulated efficiently under excitation near the absorption edge. This fact suggests that under such an excitation condition, photogenerated electron-hole pairs directly form STE's. It is found from temperature dependence of the decay curves that the exponential component is thermally unstable compared with the power-law one. It is inferred that the electron-hole pairs are thermally separated, and thus the direct formation of STE's is prevented.
Coupled and uncoupled to δ34S behavior of gold and silver in pyrite and marcasite from the low-sulfidation Sarnak gold deposit, SE Bulgaria

In this study, the contents of Au and Ag in five pyrite±marcasite samples from the Sarnak gold deposit, the respective δ34S, and the sample distances to the contact between metamorphic basement and overlying sedimentary cover were considered. We found that two samples from lower horizons (levels of 69 and 30 m below the contact) display relatively low Au and Ag contents, negative values of δ34SV-CDT (–3.14 and –6.42‰) and pronounced oscillatory zoning, resulting from oscillating contents of As. Three samples from higher horizons (levels of 8, 7 and 0 m below the contact) have higher Au and Ag contents, positive or slightly negative values of δ34SV-CDT (+0.5, +1.73 and –1.85‰) and poorly expressed or absent arsenian zoning. Two of them contain microscopic electrum and adularia. Based on these contrasting features we assume different mechanisms of precipitation: intense fluid-rock interaction for samples from lower horizons under steady conditions and boiling of fluid for samples from higher horizons under fluctuating conditions.
Nevirapine plasma concentration is associated with virologic failure and the emergence of drug-resistant mutations among HIV patients in Kenya: A cross sectional study

This study aimed to determine the association between the plasma concentration of nevirapine (NVP) and clinical outcomes. In this cross-sectional study, sociodemographic and clinical data were collected from 233 HIV patients receiving NVP-based first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens in Nairobi, Kenya. The mean age was 41.2 (SD ± 11.9) years. Fifty-four (23.2%) patients had virological failure (>1000 copies/mL), whereas 23 (9.9%) were infected with drug-resistant HIV strains. Eleven patients had nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance mutations, including M184V and T215Y, whereas 22 had non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance mutations, including G190A, K103N, V106A, Y181C, A98G, and Y188L. The median NVP plasma concentration was 6180 ng/mL (IQR 4444–8843 ng/mL), with 38 (16.3%) patients having suboptimal NVP plasma levels of <3400 ng/mL. The majority 23 of the 38 (60.5%) patients with NVP Cmin < 3400 ng/mL were significantly infected with drug-resistant HIV virus (P = .001). In the multivariate analysis, the time taken to arrive at the ART clinic (β −11.1, 95% CI −21.2 to −1.1; P = .031), higher HIV viral load (β −2008, 95% CI −3370.7 to −645.3; P = .004), and the presence of HIV drug resistance mutation (β 3559, 95% CI 2580.8–4537.2; P = .0001) were associated with NVP plasma concentration. A significant proportion of patients receiving the NVP-based regimen had supra- and sub-therapeutic plasma concentrations. Higher HIV viral load and the presence of HIV drug-resistant mutations are important factors associated with NVP plasma concentrations.
The Clustering of Galaxies.

Inspecti of photographs obtained with wide-angle telescopes sho' that the distribution of galaxies over the sky is distinctly nt miform. The observed dumpiness of the distribution of ga ies is believed to be due to a tendency for galaxies to occur in sters. A cluster of galaxies is usually regarded as a distinct >e of aggregate of matter. It is the purpose of this paper to investigate some aspects of the validity of the concept of a cluster of galaxies as a distinct type of organization intermediate between an individual galaxy and the universe as a whole. In other words, is a cluster of galaxies an indivisible unit or can it be divided into subclusters or even smaller units ? Alternatively one may inquire if clusters of galaxies are the largest aggregates of matter or if they are themselves constituents of still larger organizations. In attempting to answer these questions we find it instructive to consider first the "Local Group," which is presumably a rather typical example of a small cluster of galaxies. It is quite apparent that the members of this group are not distributed at random in space. The most striking example is the Andromeda Nebula with its two companions M 32 and NGC 205. A compact binary system is formed by the Magellanic Clouds. On a somewhat larger scale it is at once apparent that most of the members of the Local Group may be placed in two subgroups. One of these subgroups is formed by the Galaxy and the Magellanic Clouds. The other subgroup consists of NGC 147, NGC 185, NGC 205, M 31, M 32, M 33, and possibly NGC 404 and IC 10. The different orders of subclustering of the brightest Local Group members are shown schematically in Table I. It is well known that the surface distribution of galaxies in the region of the Virgo cluster is quite irregular. Some of this apparent irregularity may be due to a tendency toward subclustering within the Virgo cluster proper. More definite evidence of the existence of small-scale dumpiness in the Virgo cluster
Deposition of Layered Bioceramic HA/TiO2 Coatings on Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloys Using Micro-Arc Oxidation

Investigation results of HA/TiO2 bioceramics coating on the Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy by MAO process were presented. The voltages of 300-500 V. In the electrolyte solution contain (HA=6g/l, EDTA=3g/l, NaOH=8g/l, and KOH=1g/l) are used. The coating characteristics are identified by using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), (EDX), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and the resulted phases are identified by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), mechanical test (microhardness, and wear). The electrochemical test in the Ringer’s solution using a potentiodynamic polarization tests. The results of the tests showed the possibility of deposition of a composite nano ceramic layer was obtained from hydroxyapatite (HA) with TiO2 were observed with increased voltage increased thickness layer and concentration of HA and decreased porosity, The identical dependencies of changes of the coating thickness with increase voltage and time. The best results were obtained in terms of hardness (368.1HV) and wear resistance equal to (4.33×10-7) for 400V&15min. Improvement corrosion resistance equals (87.4%).
Application of building information modeling technology in the design phase of municipal interchange project

Through the application of building information modeling (BIM) technology in the Xiaowan Interchange project, this paper reviewed the idea and the correct process of the establishment of the whole complex municipal interchange BIM model in detail, studied the technology application of earthwork adjustment, collision detection, visual distance detection and headroom detection based on BIM technology, and finally tried BIM mapping and VR display. The research shows that the application of BIM technology in the design of municipal interchange can effectively optimize the linear shape, longitudinal section, structure, and position of the intersection; and the use of the BIM model to carry out a statistical review of engineering quantities and 3D mapping can improve the quality of design documents and express the design intention with a better visualization.
Three-dimensional imaging of pore structures inside low-κ dielectrics

The three-dimensional reconstruction of a porous low-dielectric constant film (κ=2.5), resolving pores as small as 1 nm, was achieved using annular dark-field scanning transmission electron tomography, enabling quantitative measurements of the pore morphologies and size distribution. Most large pores were elliptical. Together with log-normal pore-size distribution, this suggests pore coalescence during the material’s growth. Ellipsometric porosimetry indicates a high degree of interconnectivity between pores. Tomography shows the material exhibits little large-scale pore connectivity, thus placing an upper limit on the size of the interconnections at below 1 nm. Systematic errors in the tomographic and ellipsometric size distributions appear to be largely complementary.
ZnO-channel thin-film transistors: Channel mobility

ZnO-channel thin-film transistor (TFT) test structures are fabricated using a bottom-gate structure on thermally oxidized Si; ZnO is deposited via RF sputtering from an oxide target, with an unheated substrate. Electrical characteristics are evaluated, with particular attention given to the extraction and interpretation of transistor channel mobility. ZnO-channel TFT mobility exhibits severe deviation from that assumed by ideal TFT models; mobility extraction methodology must accordingly be recast so as to provide useful insight into device operation. Two mobility metrics, μavg and μinc, are developed and proposed as relevant tools in the characterization of nonideal TFTs. These mobility metrics are employed to characterize the ZnO-channel TFTs reported herein; values for μinc as high as 25 cm2/V s are measured, comprising a substantial increase in ZnO-channel TFT mobility as compared to previously reported performance for such devices.
ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AN AI-DRIVEN EDUCATIONAL RESOURCE RECOMMENDATION SYSTEM FOR HIGHER EDUCATION

Digital resources offer a vast assortment of educational opportunities for students in higher education. From 2018 to 2022, a digital study assistant (DSA), named SIDDATA, was developed at three German universities and consequently field-tested. One of the DSA’s features is an AI-driven natural language interface for educational resource recommendation. This paper performs an analysis of the effectiveness of recommendations, by analyzing data generated over the course of two years of DSA usage. We find that although initial user interest is high, only a small percentage of users engage with the recommendation feature. Furthermore, we find that quality of recommendations was perceived as mixed to negative.
Flexible Graphite-Based Humidity Sensor Using Green Technology

The low-cost graphite based pattern on cellulose paper was investigated in the present work. The graphite pattern used was fabricated by using normal inkjet printer on paper substrate that acted as working substrate as well as sensing material for humidity measurements. The quantitative electrical characterizations were measured by using different saturated salt-solutions producing relative humidity (RH) of 15%–92% at room conditions of 27 °C and 40%RH. The developed humidity sensor shows the sensitivity of 0.57 MΩ/%RH in the whole range of 15%–92%RH with a linearity co-efficient of R2 = 0.968, response (τ res) and recovery (τ rec) time of 294 s and 306 s respectively. The hydrophilic nature of the paper substrate is helpful for sensing, though the fabricated sensor is not so viable in terms of sensitivity, repeatability, and reuse but the method was simple, low-cost, bio-degradable, and use & throw which can be used for flexible and green electronics.
Effect of Variety and Maturity Index on the Physicochemical Parameters Related to Virgin Olive Oil from Wudu (China)

Physical parameters (i.e., extraction yield, oil content), chemicals (i.e., fatty acids, phenolics) and oxidative stability associated with virgin olive oil (VOO) from ten varieties in Wudu, China, were analyzed as a function of maturity index and variety by multivariate analysis models. Most of the analytical parameters were significantly affected by the variety and maturity index, and the former was more influential than the latter. Phenolics were the principal factor dividing the ten varieties into four groups. High phenolic levels were observed in the ‘Koroneiki’ group and ‘Manzanilla’ group, but the oil extractability index differentiated between them, being the highest and lowest, respectively. The ‘Koroneiki’ group demonstrated high oil productivity and oil quality, which was worthy of promotion in large-scale cultivation. High amounts of linoleic enhanced the VOO health benefits of ‘Ascolana tenera, Arbequina and Zhongshan24’ group, but brought the risk of shortening the shelf-life. The ‘Ulliri Bardhe, Empeltre, Ezhi8, Yuntai14 and Picual’ group clustered for the higher relative value of oleic acid. The maturity index had significant negative effects on the content of total phenolics, oleacein, oleocanthal, and oleic acid, but had a positive effect on the extractability index, which suggested that varieties with low phenolics and oleic acid levels should be harvested early.
3D Wave Field Scattered By Thin Elastic BodiesBuried In An Elastic Medium UsingThe Traction Boundary Element Method

A combined formulation based on the Traction Boundary Element Method (TBEM) and the Boundary Element Method (BEM) is proposed to model three-dimensional wave scattering in solid media, which contain thin elastic bodies whose geometry remains the same along one direction. Although the classical BEM models degenerate in the presence of thin heterogeneities, this combined formulation, in which one side of the body is discretized with the BEM and the other side with the TBEM formulation, is able to model the wave field in the vicinity of these heterogeneities. Arbitrary-shaped and oriented elastic thin bodies, even with no thickness, may be modelled using this formulation. Analytical integrations are performed to evaluate the hypersingular integrals. The proposed model is applied to two different thin heterogeneities buried in an elastic unbounded medium.
The IC 2391 Supercluster

Sixty-three field stars and the sparse cluster IC 2391 have been identified as members of the IC 2391 supercluster. The members have at least 95% of their space motion, directed toward (A,D)=(5 h .82, −12°.44). Like members of the very similar Pleiades supercluster, the IC 2391 supercluster contains objects of two ages : t=8×19 7 and 2.5×10 8 yr. A prototype very active chromosphere (VAC) star and the enigmatic giant variable TZ For are supercluster members together with two A-type stars suspected of possessing particulate disks. An especially interesting member is the system of Xi Cep (HR 8417) in which the two brightest components are greatly undermassive