Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does size matter in group decision making? Simulation experiments with LNG professionals bidding in auction markets

Purpose: An important issue in decision-making processes is whether groups decide better than individuals. This paper compares the bidding behavior of groups of professionals while playing a business game that simulates, in a controlled environment, the sequential unit capacity auctions in the Spanish LNG market.Design/methodology/approach: First, we randomly grouped professionals in groups of different size—SOLOs, DUOs, and TRIOs—and played the game in-situ under both First and Second price unit capacity auctions, with SOLOs outperforming groups. Second, we ran non-parametric simulations mixing professionals in groups of different size, in which bids were coupled with those registered during the in-situ sessions. Third, we ran non-parametric simulations in which the players were either ‘rational machines’ that bid according to Nash equilibrium or groups of ‘professionals’ of different size.Findings: The size of the decision group does matter. After the in-situ and the bootstrapped simulated games, the main result is that size does matter, and groups are not necessarily superior to individuals bidding alone. SOLO players bid closer to MACHINEs and lower than DUOs or TRIOs, while obtaining about the same number of units and higher payoffs than groups. Additionally, the ‘degree of rationality’ of the participants does also matter.Research limitations/implications: Even after applying the hybrid simulation methodology to increase sample size and allow for additional experimental settings, some of the scenarios are fictitious. Modification of the business game to allow for an even more realistic game could be implemented.Practical implications: After the hybrid simulation approach, the main implication of the paper is that to increase efficiency in resource allocation professionals should bid individually while using the theoretical knowledge of rational machines.Originality/value: To our knowledge, this is the first time that this double-experiment simulation methodology is used to analyze bidding behavior in auctions.
The Development and Validation of Financial Management Behavior (FMB) Scale in Postgraduate Students

This study aims to develop and validate a financial management behavior scale. This study used the approach of measuring instrument modification by applying the existing theory into a statement that will be used as an instrument to see the condition of a person's financial management behavior. The researchers used the basic theory of Dew and Xiao (2011) which divides financial management behavior into the consumption dimension, cash flow management dimension, savings and investment dimension, and debt management dimension. The subjects involved in this study were 391 people who were postgraduate students in the capital city of Jakarta and were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis with AMOS software were used in this study. The results of the analysis showed that the financial management behavior scale developed by the researchers has met the fit model and produced a valid statement which is ready to be used to measure the behavioral conditions of one's financial management specifically in the student context. The limitations and suggestions will be discussed further in this article. Keywords— Financial Management; Financial Management Behaviour; Scale Development; Scale Validation
Decorrelation of multiple non‐stationary sources using a multivariable crosstalk‐resistant adaptive noise canceller

A new structured approach to adaptive noise cancelling of non‐stationary stochastic signals is given. The divide and conquer method subdivides the problem into a number of sources with a power of 2 and subdivides the solution to smaller problems in a similar fashion to that of an FFT. Hence, with the number of sources 2p, where p is a positive integer, the problem is successively reduced to simpler solutions at each stage of order 2p − 1. In its basic form, the method uses only multivariable least mean squares (MLMS), ordinary LMS, and second‐order statistics. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Novel hDHODH Inhibitor MEDS433 Prevents Influenza Virus Replication by Blocking Pyrimidine Biosynthesis

The pharmacological management of influenza virus (IV) infections still poses a series of challenges due to the limited anti-IV drug arsenal. Therefore, the development of new anti-influenza agents effective against antigenically different IVs is therefore an urgent priority. To meet this need, host-targeting antivirals (HTAs) can be evaluated as an alternative or complementary approach to current direct-acting agents (DAAs) for the therapy of IV infections. As a contribution to this antiviral strategy, in this study, we characterized the anti-IV activity of MEDS433, a novel small molecule inhibitor of the human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (hDHODH), a key cellular enzyme of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway. MEDS433 exhibited a potent antiviral activity against IAV and IBV replication, which was reversed by the addition of exogenous uridine and cytidine or the hDHODH product orotate, thus indicating that MEDS433 targets notably hDHODH activity in IV-infected cells. When MEDS433 was used in combination either with dipyridamole (DPY), an inhibitor of the pyrimidine salvage pathway, or with an anti-IV DAA, such as N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC), synergistic anti-IV activities were observed. As a whole, these results indicate MEDS433 as a potential HTA candidate to develop novel anti-IV intervention approaches, either as a single agent or in combination regimens with DAAs.
Cyberviolence and the digital experience: reflections on a problematic issue for youth

ABSTRACT In this paper, the authors introduce some of the main aspects of cyberviolence related to digital life, and online experience with a specific focus on young people. Cyberviolence includes violent and calculated actions carried out through electronic tools. In different situations, the perpetrator(s) can be a single person or a group, which deliberately aims to hurt or damage another who cannot defend themselves, often because the victims are initially unaware and unable to manage the problem emotionally and psychologically. Cyber-stalking, revenge porn, hate speech and cyberbullying are just some forms of online violence (cyber-violence). This issue reflects on the problematic issue of cyberviolence from different perspectives including the social, psychological, and educational.
The neurobiology of childhood trauma, from early physical pain onwards: as relevant as ever in today's fractured world

ABSTRACT Background: The situation in the world today, encompassing multiple armed conflicts, notably in Ukraine, the Coronavirus pandemic and the effects of climate change, increases the likelihood of childhood exposure to physical injury and pain. Other effects of these worldwide hardships include poverty, malnutrition and starvation, also bringing with them other forms of trauma, including emotional harm, neglect and deliberate maltreatment. Objective: To review the neurobiology of the systems in the developing brain that are most affected by physical and emotional trauma and neglect. Method: The review begins with those that mature first, such as the somatosensory system, progressing to structures that have a more protracted development, including those involved in cognition and emotional regulation. Explored next are developing stress response systems, especially the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and its central regulator, corticotropin-releasing hormone. Also examined are reward and anti-reward systems and genetic versus environmental influences. The behavioural consequences of interpersonal childhood trauma, focusing on self-harm and suicide, are also surveyed briefly. Finally, pointers to effective treatment are proffered. Results: The low-threshold nature of circuitry in the developing brain and lack of inhibitory connections therein result in heightened excitability, making the consequences of both physical and emotional trauma more intense. Sensitive and critical periods in the development of structures such as the amygdala render the nervous system more vulnerable to insults occurring at those points, increasing the likelihood of psychiatric disorders, culminating in self-harm and even suicide. Conclusion: In view of the greater excitability of the developing nervous system, and its vulnerability to physical and psychological injuries, the review ends with an exhortation to consider the long-term consequences of childhood trauma, often underestimated or missed altogether when faced with adults suffering mental health problems. HIGHLIGHTS Circumstances in the world today, including armed conflicts, the Coronavirus pandemic, climate change, famine and the worsening economic situation, increase the likelihood that children of all ages are exposed to multiple traumas, including physical as well as emotional pain. Trauma of whatever kind in childhood has a greater impact than that occurring in adulthood, due to greater excitability and a lack of inhibition in the developing brain and nervous system. If the trauma occurs during ‘sensitive’ or ‘critical’ periods of certain structures and systems, the potential for long-term damage and its behavioural consequences, including self-harm and even suicide, is heightened.
Impact of a 5-Year Mass Drug Administration Programme for Soil-Transmitted Helminthiases on the Spatial Distribution of Childhood Anaemia in Burundi from 2007 to 2011

Background: Childhood anaemia affects 1.8 billion people globally. Little is known about the long-term impact of mass drug administration (MDA) for the control of soil-transmitted helminthiases (STH) on the spatiotemporal variation of anaemia prevalence and severity. We describe the long-term spatiotemporal impact of a 5-year STH MDA programme (2007–2011) on the prevalence of anaemia and anaemia severity in school-aged children (SAC) in Burundi. Methodology/Principal Findings: We used annual haemoglobin concentration and STH data collected during 2007–2011 in 31 schools in Burundi. Spatial dependence in prevalence and severity of anaemia was assessed using semivariograms. Bayesian geostatistical models were developed to (a) quantify the role of STH (adjusted for other anaemia determinants) in the spatiotemporal distribution of anaemia prevalence/severity, and (b) predict the geographical variation of both outcomes across Burundi. Adjusted population data were used to estimate the geographical distribution of the number of SAC at risk of anaemia and with low and moderate/severe anaemia. Infections with Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura were positively and significantly associated with childhood anaemia; hookworm infections were not. A significant decrease in anaemia prevalence, from 40–50% (2008) to 10–20% (2011) was predicted in western areas. The predicted prevalence of low-severity anaemia decreased from 40–50% (2008) to <20% (2011) in southern and eastern areas. Moderate/high-severity anaemia was concentrated in western regions of Burundi, with pockets of moderate/high-severity anaemia in central and northern regions in 2008. The overall number of predicted anaemic children decreased from 443,657 (2008) to 232,304 (2011), with a resurgence after MDA disruption in 2010 (to 480,605). Prevalence of low- and moderate-severity anaemia was higher in boys than in girls. Conclusions/Significance: Despite ongoing MDA, the prevalence of anaemia in SAC remained high and increased in certain parts of the country. It is recommended that MDA programmes targeting STH are complemented with specific anaemia interventions.
Integrating Single Domain Antibodies into Field-Deployable Rapid Assays

Single domain antibodies (sdAb) are the recombinant variable heavy domains derived from camelid heavy-chain antibodies. While they have binding affinities equivalent to conventional antibodies, sdAb are only one-tenth the size and possess numerous advantages such as excellent thermal stability with the ability to refold following denaturation, and inexpensive production in Escherichia coli or yeast. However, their small size does have drawbacks, one being that they can lose activity upon attachment or adsorption to surfaces, or may fail to adsorb efficiently, as they are highly soluble. This can make the transition from using conventional antibodies to sdAb nontrivial for assay development. Specifically, it is often necessary to re-optimize the protocols and tailor the recombinant sdAb through protein engineering to function efficiently in handheld assays, which currently are utilized for point of care testing and field applications. This work focuses on optimizing the integration of sdAb into rapid vertical flow assays. To achieve this goal, we engineered sdAb-based constructs and developed general protocols for the attachment of the sdAb to both gold nanoparticles and a support membrane. We achieved a limit of detection of 0.11 µg/mL for toxins staphylococcal enterotoxin B and ricin, both potential biothreat agents. Additionally, we demonstrated the ability to detect the nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2, a common target of antigen tests for COVID-19.
Morphometric Analysis of Spinal Cord and Its Termination Within the Vertebral Canal: An Observational Study in the Fetuses of Third Trimester Gestational Age

Background & aim The spinal cord is the continuation of the brain from the lower point of the medulla and the terminal portion of the developing neural tube. The spinal cord develops within the bony canal, called the vertebral canal, formed by the union of individual vertebrae in the vertebral column. Initially, the development of the length of the vertebral column and spinal cord are the same but later on undergo alterations. The growth of the vertebral column is faster than that of the spinal cord because the spinal cord appears to terminate early within the vertebral canal. To measure the length of the spinal cord and lowermost point of conus medullaris in the third trimester gestational age fetuses. Material and methods The present cross-section observational study was carried out on 30 fetuses collected from the museum of the Anatomy Department and Obstetrics and Gynecology Department. Before starting the study, permission and approval from the university's ethical committee were received. The dissection of fetuses includes the incision of the skin, removal of superficial and deep muscles, and a laminectomy. The meninges were cut and removed to note the vertebra level of the termination of the spinal cord. The spinal cord was taken out, and the total length of the spinal cord was measured. The fetuses were categorized into three groups determined by their gestational age (the first group was 28-31 weeks, the second group was 32-35 weeks, and the third group was 36-40 weeks). Observation In the present study, 81.8% of male fetuses were in the 36-40 weeks gestational age group, and 52.6 % of female fetuses were in the 32-35 weeks, gestational age group. The mean length of the spinal cords was 14.74±1.45cm, with a range of 10.95 cm to a maximum of 16.60 cm. In the full-term gestational age group, male fetuses had a greater length of spinal cord than female fetuses. Sixteen fetuses had a spinal cord termination at level L2, followed by eight fetuses at the L3 level and six fetuses at the L4 level. Out of 11 male fetuses, eight fetuses had spinal cord termination at the L2 vertebra level, two at the L3 level, and one fetus at the L4 level. In female fetuses, eight had a spinal cord termination at the L2 level, six at the L3 level, and five at the L4 level. Conclusion The spinal cord length and level of conus medullaris depend on the age of the fetuses. In prenatal diagnosis for different spinal cord pathology, these values can be used as reference values in future studies.
MAGNETIC HELICITY OF SELF-SIMILAR AXISYMMETRIC FORCE-FREE FIELDS

In this paper, we continue our theoretical studies addressing the possible consequences of magnetic helicity accumulation in the solar corona. Our previous studies suggest that coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are natural products of coronal evolution as a consequence of magnetic helicity accumulation and that the triggering of CMEs by surface processes such as flux emergence also have their origin in magnetic helicity accumulation. Here, we use the same mathematical approach to study the magnetic helicity of axisymmetric power-law force-free fields but focus on a family whose surface flux distributions are defined by self-similar force-free fields. The semi-analytical solutions of the axisymmetric self-similar force-free fields enable us to discuss the properties of force-free fields possessing a huge amount of accumulated magnetic helicity. Our study suggests that there may be an absolute upper bound on the total magnetic helicity of all bipolar axisymmetric force-free fields. With the increase of accumulated magnetic helicity, the force-free field approaches being fully opened up with Parker-spiral-like structures present around a current-sheet layer as evidence of magnetic helicity in the interplanetary space. It is also found that among the axisymmetric force-free fields having the same boundary flux distribution, the one that is self-similar is the one possessing the maximum amount of total magnetic helicity. This gives a possible physical reason why self-similar fields are often found in astrophysical bodies, where magnetic helicity accumulation is presumably also taking place.
The Effects of Inter-Limb Asymmetry on Change of Direction Performance: A Systematic Review

Objectives: This review aimed to clarify the associations between COD performance and asymmetries on horizontal jumping, vertical jumping, and strength. Methods: Three databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and MEDLINE(EBSCOhost) were used to perform a systematic literature search. The search was up to 13 March 2022 and was limited to the literature in the English language and on the human species. Studies included reported exact measurement tools and correlation coefficients and studies in which participants aged >14 years were included. Moreover, studies that were not peer-reviewed and those that did not report an asymmetry index were excluded, as were studies for which the full text was not available. The modified Downs and Black Quality Index tool was used to evaluate the quality of the studies. Results: The systematic literature identified 1151 studies, but only 12 studies were included in this review. A total of 354 participants, ranging from 15 to 23 years of age, were recruited for these studies. The methodological quality score ranged from 6 to 8, with an average of 7.25. The associations between COD performance and vertical jump height, horizontal jump distance, and lower-limb strength asymmetries were examined in 11, 5, and 2 studies, respectively. Six studies reported that vertical jump height asymmetries scores can significantly reduce COD performance, while significant associations between COD performance and horizontal jump distance asymmetries and strength asymmetries were only observed in one study each. Specifically, four studies explored the relationships between CMJ height asymmetries scores and COD performance, and all reported significant associations between them. The main limitations of this review were that it did not consider the sports in which the participants were involved. Conclusions: This study suggests that drop jump height and eccentric knee strength asymmetries can reduce COD performance. Moreover, low horizontal jump asymmetries may not influence COD performance. Further research needs to determine whether the minimal threshold of horizontal jump asymmetries would not affect COD performance.
The motion picture mega-industry

Preface. 1. Introduction. I.THE BUSINESS OF MOTION PICTURES. 2. Business History of the Industry. 3. The Current Structure of the Industry. 4. The Conduct and Performance of the Industry. 5. Famous Antitrust Cases. 6. The Other Exhibition Windows. II.CURRENT RESEARCH AND ISSUES. 7.Merger Madness, Barry Litman and Anne M. Hoag. 8. Conglomerate Entry, Lawrence Collette. 9. Consumer Selection of Motion Picture, Indra DeSilva. 10. Predicting Success of Motion Pictures, Barry Litman and Hoekyun Ahn. 11. Copyright, Censorship, and Racy Issues, Erik S. Lunde. 12. The Relationship Between Film Content and Economic Factors, Gary Hoppenstand. Appendix A: Microeconomic Foundations. Appendix B: The Industrial Organization Model. Appendix C: Merger Analysis. Glossary. List of Additional Reading Materials.
The variable x/gamma-ray spectrum of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 7172

A broad band X-, gamma-ray spectral study of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 7172 is presented. We use our ASCA ob- servations from May 1995 and combine these with the CGRO OSSE data from March 1995. The only Seyfert 2 galaxy previ- ously to have been modelled over such a broad spectral range is NGC 4945. The ASCA GIS data alone, can be acceptably described by a modelconsistingofapowerlaw,withaphotonindex =1 :58 0:12, affected by absorption due to intervening neutral matter along the line of sight, with an equivalent hydrogen column
Computational conformal geometry and its applications to human brain mapping

Analyzing the data and performing computation effectively on surfaces with complicated geometry is an important research topic, especially in Human Brain Mapping. In this work, we are interested in computing the conformal structure of the Riemann surface and applying it to Human Brain Mapping. In order to analyze the brain data efficiently, the complicated brain cortical surface is usually parameterized to a simple parameter domain such as the sphere or 2D rectangles. This allows us to transform the 3D problems into 2D problems. In order to compare data more effectively, the parameterization has to preserve the geometry of the brain structure while aligning the important anatomical features consistently. Conformal parameterization, that preserves the local geometry, is often used. In our work, we propose algorithms to compute the optimized conformal parameterization of the brain surface which aligns the anatomical features consistently while preserving the conformality of the parameterization as much as possible. With the conformal parameterization, we can solve variational problems and partial differential equations on the surface easily by solving the corresponding equations on the 2D parameter domain. The computation is simple because of the simple Riemannian metric of the conformal map. Finally, we develop an automatic landmark tracking algorithm to detect the sulcal landmarks on the brain cortical surface, which involves solving variational problems on the brain surface.