Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Logistic Regression, Linear Probability, and Third-Degree Polynomial Models: Which Should a Researcher Use?

The purpose of this study is to present a comparison of three types of regression models that could be used to analyze dichotomous criterion variables under three different data structures, and to discuss the implications of the results of those comparisons. The three types of models used were (a) logistic regression, (b) linear ordinary least squares, and (c) polynomial ordinary least squares models. ogistic regression is commonly used in medical literature as a means to account for the variance in a binary (or categorical) dependent variable (King & Ryan, 2002), and its use is growing in the social sciences literature as well. Peng, So, Stage, and St. John (2002) reported that "research using logistic regression has been published with increasing frequency in three higher education journals: Research in Higher Education, The Review of Higher Education, and The Journal of Higher Education” (p. 259). This trend has corresponded with the increased availability of computer software that provides the option to analyze data using logistic regression (Peng, Lee, & Ingersoll, 2002). While there has been an increase in the use of this method, its use has been accompanied by “great variation in the presentation and interpretation of results in these publications, which can make it difficult for readers to understand and compare the results across articles” (Peng, So, Stage, & St. John, 2002, p. 259). The popularity of logistic regression has grown, in part, due to proponents who have suggested that it is a more appropriate alternative to ordinary least square (OLS) linear regression or discriminant analysis for modeling categorical (dichotomous) dependent variables. With a dichotomous dependent variable, all of the observed dependent data points will fall on one of two horizontal lines that are parallel, which is a difficult condition to model with the single straight line produced by an OLS linear model. Peng, Lee, and Ingersoll (2002) suggested a potential solution to this problem via plotting the calculated means of the dependent variables for categories of the independent variable. Such a plot takes a sigmoid shape, which Peng, Lee and Ingersoll rightly point out, has extremes that do not follow a linear trend. Perhaps, it should be no surprise then that a linear fit to such data has obvious limitations. In addition, the errors in this type of model are not normally distributed and are not constant across the range of the data. Finally, OLS models produce values that are above (greater than 1) and below (less than 0) the range of the observed levels of the dependent variable. This problem has been partially addressed by constraining the results of the predicted probabilities to a logical range, but this comes at the expense of treating values above and below the range as perfectly representative of the end points (i.e., 100% likely for points above 1 and 0% likely for points below 0). The growth in the use of logistic methods is predicated on the reported “superiority of logistic
Women-Owned Businesses: Dimensions and Policy Issues

Women-owned businesses may have grown six-fold, and the gross receipts of these businesses 50-fold over the past 2 decades. Most businesses owned by women, however are small, undercapitalized, situated in retailing and the services, and many enable only part-time work As a result, few women have achieved high earnings from ownership. Our analysis indicates the potential earnings for most women are significantly higher in management positions on payrolls than in self-employment. Women with continuing care responsibilities, however, often are constrained to worksites in or near the home, and to work schedules that complement these allied activities. Many such women seek to own their own businesses largely because they have no alternative. This may change as current employers-facing labor shortages and external pressures-move to accommodate the particular needs of women. We conclude that there is little economic rationale for intense, new public efforts to stimulate or support women-owned businesses, but that the federal government must continue to promote equal opportunity within businesses at large.
Trisomy 17 mosaicism in a four‐year seven‐month‐old white girl: follow‐up report

interest the report by Djalali et al. (1998) published in this journal. These authors reported three new cases of true mosaic trisomy 17 diagnosed in amniotic fluid cells. Postnatal chromosome analysis from lymphocytes did not confirm the trisomic cell line. Follow-up studies showed normal psycho-motor development of the children. The longest follow-up was at 4 12 years of age in one subject. I would like to bring attention to our earlier report of a rare case of trisomy 17 (Butler et al., 1996) identified by amniocentesis at 16 weeks of gestation in a fetus from a 23-year-old white mother (gravida III, para I, ab I) with an elevated maternal serum alpha fetoprotein level on two occasions and report follow-up. The amniocentesis results showed a 47,XX,+17 karyotype in 26 cells from 26 colonies from three primary cultures. No fetal anomalies or growth retardation were noted by ultrasonography. A repeat amniocentesis was performed at 19 weeks of gestation and a 46,XX karyotype was seen in six cells from six colonies and a 47,XX,+17 karyotype in 15 cells from 15 colonies. The baby was born by normal vaginal delivery at approximately 40 weeks’ gestation weighing 2948 g (20th percentile) and was 50.8 cm long (60th percentile). No minor anomalies were noted and no neonatal problems detected. A cord-blood specimen was collected for chromosome studies and 30 metaphases were analysed and showed a normal 46,XX female chromosome complement. She had a 10-word vocabulary at about one year of age and could stand independently and walk with assistance. She was healthy and on no medication. She had normal growth parameters. She is now four years seven months of age and is doing well. Her growth parameters have been within the normal range. She required respiratory therapy intermittently between one and two years
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MEMS STRUCTURES

Mechanical characterization of MEMS (micro electromechanical systems) materials is increasingly important in view of improving reliability and assessing the life time of new miniaturized devices. In this paper first a number of testing methods are described. These methods include tensile, torsion and fatigue testing of specially designed microstructures. Difficulties arise from manufacturing and handling of small structures and the determination of its geometrical dimensions which directly affect the accuracy of material parameters extracted from the experiments. In addition, the measurement of mechanical parameters like small forces and torques or strains poses a challenge. This paper focuses on size effects in rolled copper foils of thickness between 10 and 250 microns as determined from tensile testing. Tensile testing was chosen as a testing method in order to minimize strain gradients. Depending on the size the copper foils are tested in a classical setup or in a special tensile apparatus which is adapted to the small size of the specimens. The special setup consists of a balance to measure the applied force. The specimens are strained with a lead screw driven translation stage. In order to take care of slip and elasticity in the fixations the strain is measured optically directly on the sample using a least square template matching algorithm. It was found that depending on the thickness of the foils the average fracture strain decreases from about 15% down to . 5 % for the 250 and 10 micron specimens, respectively. In order to find a reason for this dramatic change many efforts have been undertaken in order to characterize the specimens more precisely. The microstructure of the samples was determined using various methods including conventional micrographs, hardness measurements and X-ray diffraction.
Active Learning for Graph Embedding

Graph embedding provides an efficient solution for graph analysis by converting the graph into a low-dimensional space which preserves the structure information. In contrast to the graph structure data, the i.i. d. node embedding can be processed efficiently in terms of both time and space. Current semi-supervised graph embedding algorithms assume the labelled nodes are given, which may not be always true in the real world. While manually label all training data is inapplicable, how to select the subset of training data to label so as to maximize the graph analysis task performance is of great importance. This motivates our proposed active graph embedding (AGE) framework, in which we design a general active learning query strategy for any semi-supervised graph embedding algorithm. AGE selects the most informative nodes as the training labelled nodes based on the graphical information (i.e., node centrality) as well as the learnt node embedding (i.e., node classification uncertainty and node embedding representativeness). Different query criteria are combined with the time-sensitive parameters which shift the focus from graph based query criteria to embedding based criteria as the learning progresses. Experiments have been conducted on three public data sets and the results verified the effectiveness of each component of our query strategy and the power of combining them using time-sensitive parameters. Our code is available online at: this https URL.
Pathophysiological implication of CaV3.1 T-type Ca2+ channels in trigeminal neuropathic pain

Significance Understanding the pathophysiological mechanism of central neuropathic pain has attracted much attention, especially because neuropathic pain is often unresponsive to existing medical treatments. In this study, we investigated the role of CaV3.1 T-type Ca2+ channels in the development of trigeminal neuropathic pain (TNP) in mice. Our results show that, intriguingly, CaV3.1 knockout mice had attenuated TNP. Specifically, we demonstrate that increased low-frequency rhythmicity and widely spread noncolumnar activity were present in wild-type TNP mice but not in knockout TNP mice. Moreover, abnormally pronounced coupling between low-frequency and high-frequency rhythms in the thalamocortical network of wild-type mice was absent in CaV3.1 knockout mice. Our results clearly imply that the presence of CaV3.1 channels is a crucial element in the pathophysiology of TNP. A crucial pathophysiological issue concerning central neuropathic pain is the modification of sensory processing by abnormally increased low-frequency brain rhythms. Here we explore the molecular mechanisms responsible for such abnormal rhythmicity and its relation to neuropathic pain syndrome. Toward this aim, we investigated the behavioral and electrophysiological consequences of trigeminal neuropathic pain following infraorbital nerve ligations in CaV3.1 T-type Ca2+ channel knockout and wild-type mice. CaV3.1 knockout mice had decreased mechanical hypersensitivity and reduced low-frequency rhythms in the primary somatosensory cortex and related thalamic nuclei than wild-type mice. Lateral inhibition of gamma rhythm in primary somatosensory cortex layer 4, reflecting intact sensory contrast, was present in knockout mice but severely impaired in wild-type mice. Moreover, cross-frequency coupling between low-frequency and gamma rhythms, which may serve in sensory processing, was pronounced in wild-type mice but not in CaV3.1 knockout mice. Our results suggest that the presence of CaV3.1 channels is a key element in the pathophysiology of trigeminal neuropathic pain.
The Relationship between Academic Procrastination and Future-Orientation: an Investigation among a Mid-sized International School in China

As one proceeds through school, the responsibility of controlling his or her academic behavior shift significantly from teachers and parent-centered to self-centered. Study and programs were established to help college students ease this process (example studies need to be cited here). However, often do they neglect the origin of these academic habits are shaped and formed in secondary education period (citation needed). This study examines the potential cause of academic procrastination behaviors among Chinese high school students (N =150) studying in an international school. Introduction The term Procrastination means the tendency to delay initiation or completion of important tasks to the point of discomfort [1], which is often viewed as a kind of regulation failure. In the same vein, academic procrastination is the irrational delay in executing academic assignments required for students (e.g., problem-solving practice, reading, exam revision) [2]. Although psychologists are trying to explain the reason behind procrastination, the causes of procrastination still did not reach a universal conclusion[3]. Specifically, academic procrastination has significant ramification for students at all age levels, includes a strong negative indicator of grade point average [4], and a positive indicator of stress [5]. There is a growing attention in procrastination research. Analysis of the PsycINFO database reported that there had been 117 articles about procrastination published after 2000 (there are only 38 theses published in the previous seven years [6]. The current study explores the motivators correlates with those for whom uncompleted task has a great impact now and future: post-secondary procrastinators. Practical literature and academic researchers have associated negative student performance with Procrastination behavior. Procrastination refer to the intentional postpone of a planed task, in spite of being aware of adverse outcomes [7]. While empirical and theoretical argument of procrastination are less firm compare to those of other psychological fields, researchers found the frequency of troublesome academic procrastination among undergraduate students is 70% 95% [7]. According to Temporal Motivation Theory [7], procrastination reflects personality traits which promote disregard behavior, such as low self-regulation behavior, which also means that not being a procrastinator indicates some favorable characteristics such as high self-esteem and efficacy. The research of procrastination has somewhat limited in variables related to self-regulation [8]. The current study examines a personal characteristic variable: achievement goal orientation. 3rd International Conference on Education and Development (ICED 2018) Copyright © 2018, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 234
The Prospective Effects of Coping Strategies on Mental Health and Resilience at Five Months after HSCT

Objectives: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a stressful event that engenders psychological distress. This study examines the prospective effects of coping strategies during hospitalization on resilience and on various mental-health dimensions at five months after transplantation. Methods. One hundred and seventy patients (Mage = 52.24, SD = 13.25) completed a questionnaire assessing adjustment strategies during hospitalization, and 91 filled out a questionnaire five months after HSCT (Mage = 51.61, SD = 12.93). Results: Multiple regression analyses showed that a fighting spirit strategy positively predicted resilience (p < 0.05), whereas anxious preoccupations predicted anxiety (p < 0.05), poorer mental QoL (p < 0.01), and were associated with an increased risk of developing PTSD (OR = 3.27, p < 0.01; 95% CI: 1.36, 7.84) at five months after transplantation. Hopelessness, avoidance, and denial coping strategies were not predictive of any of the mental health outcomes. Finally, the number of transplantations was negatively related to a fighting spirit (p < 0.01) and positively related to hopelessness-helplessness (p < 0.001): Conclusions: These results highlight the importance of developing psychological interventions focused on coping to alleviate the negative psychological consequences of HSCT.
PILEA VICTORIAE (URTICACEAE), A NEW STRIKING SPECIES FROM THE MURAL FLORA OF WESTERN GHATS, INDIA.

and Madhusoodanan PV 6 . 1. Government Victoria College, Palakkad, Kerala, India. 2. Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Kerala, India. 3. Bishop Abraham Memorial College, Thuruthicad, Pathanamthitta, Kerala, India. 4. Department of Botany and Biotechnology, Bishop Moore College, Mavelikkara, Kerala, India. 5. Plant Disease Biology & Biotechnology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre For Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. 6. Malabar Botanical Garden and Institute for Plant Sciences, Olavanna, Kozhikode, Kerala, India. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History
Data Fusion System for Electric Motors Condition Monitoring: An Innovative Solution

Electric motors are elementary drivers for various processes in countless applications concerning several areas of modern societies. This relevance can be mainly attributed to their high efficiency and robustness. However, due to their operating conditions, electric motors are subjected to different stresses that may lead to electromechanical damages, which, if not correctly detected, can cause irreversible failures and high repair costs. Moreover, damages in the different motor components reduce the motor efficiency since they increase machine losses. In this regard, the analysis of different machine signals has aided in diagnosing these failures; however, few systems can merge the information from relevant signals to identify a wide range of faults under different operating conditions. This article presents recent advances in the electric motor condition monitoring area, which have led to the development of a proprietary data fusion system (DFS) for automatic fault diagnosis. The DFS relies on the combined analysis of currents, stray magnetic fluxes, and infrared data, which can be measured in a noninvasive way by using simple and low-cost primary sensors. The DFS integrates conventional techniques based on stationary analysis (e.g., motor current signature analysis or MCSA) and a modern, robust methodology relying on the analysis of transient currents and fluxes, which has proven to yield high reliability for the final diagnosis while requiring a low computational burden. The article shows some results obtained when applying the system to actual machines, proving the capabilities of the developed methodology.
Classical derivation of Bose-Einstein statistics

Without invoking quantum mechanics I prove that, at thermal equilibrium, the observed distribution of energy among any set of non-interacting harmonic oscillators is a Bose-Einstein distribution, albeit with an unknown constant, ${h_? }$, in place of Planck's constant, $h$. I identify characteristics of the classical independent-oscillator Hamiltonian that make my derivation of the Bose-Einstein distribution possible, and I point out that other classical physical systems, such as an ideal gas, have Hamiltonians that can be transformed canonically into forms with these characteristics. If ${h_? =h}$, among the implications of this work are that (i) there is no discrepancy between the experimentally-observed spectrum of a blackbody and what should be expected if light was a mechanical wave in a bounded medium; (ii) there is no discrepancy between the experimentally-observed temperature dependence of a crystal's heat capacity and what should be expected of classical lattice waves; and (iii) when a cluster of massive particles is cold enough, the classical expectation should be that almost all of its vibrational energy is possessed by its lowest-frequency normal mode. Therefore, below a certain temperature, all but one of its degrees of freedom are almost inactive and it is a Bose-Einstein condensate.
Multi-dimensional Compression Using JPEG2000

Summary form only given. JPEG2000 Part 2 by Taubman, D.S. and Marcellin, M.W. (2002) supports the use of multi-component transforms (MCT) to decorrelate multi-component image data along the component direction. Three types of point transforms are allowed: linear block transforms, dependency transforms and wavelet transforms. Besides these transforms, Part 2 also allows grouping of arbitrary subsets of components into 'component collections. ' Any of the three transform types can be used for each such collection. These Part 2 extensions have been used for compressing 3-D images in many applications such as medical, hyper-spectral and video. It is widely believed that the MCT extensions are applicable only to 3-D data. In this work, we demonstrate their use for compressing N-datasets for any N ges 3. Let (M1, M2,., MN-2, X, Y) denote the dimensions (size) of an N-dataset. The data can then be interpreted as a collection of 2-D (X, Y) images (or components). The number of such components is T = pi k=1 N-2 Mk. Each component is indexed by an N - 2 dimensional vector: [m1,m2,. ,mN-2] where mk isin {1, 2,. , Mk}. To compress an N-D dataset, the T components are processed by N - 2 stages of MCT. Specifically, each stage has T input components and produces T output components, which in turn are used as inputs to the next stage. Consider the kth (k isin {1, 2,., N - 2}) stage of the MCT which is used to decorrelate the data along the k dimension. The input components are first reordered to form collections. A collection is formed by grouping all components having the same value of the N - 3 dimensional index [m1, m2,. ,mk+1,. mN-2]. There are then T/Mk collections, each containing Mk components. For each collection, a point transform is applied, resulting in decorrelation of the data along the kth dimension. The output components of the final MCT stage (N - 2) are compressed using the 2-D wavelet transform and block coding of JPEG2000. It should be noted that the encoding procedure described above will result in a code-stream that is entirely compliant with JPEG2000 Part 2. Two major applications of multi-dimensional sources are medical images (fMRI, 4-D cardiac and ultrasound) and multi-view video. We have applied the proposed methodology to a 5-D (X, Y, slice, time, trial) fMRI dataset. A PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio) gain of 8 to 14.9 dB is observed at various bit rates, when 3 stages of MCT (5-D) are used as opposed to the usual single stage of MCT (3-D). The proposed scheme can support scalability in all N dimensions. Additionally, incremental processing can be used to achieve considerable savings in memory usage.
Texture and Anisotropy: Preferred Orientations in Polycrystals and their Effect on Materials Properties

Introduction H. Mecking Part I. Description of Textures and Anisotropies: 1. Anisotropy and symmetry U. F. Kocks 2. The representation of orientations and textures U. F. Kocks 3. Determination of the orientation distribution from pole figure data J. S. Kallend 4. Pole figure measurements with diffraction techniques H. -R. Wenk 5. Typical textures in metals A. D. Rollett and S. I. Wright 6. Typical textures in geological materials and ceramics H. -R. Wenk Part II. Anisotropic Mechanical Properties in Textured Polycrystals: 7. Tensor properties of textured polycrystals C. N. Tome 8. Kinematics and kinetics of plasticity U. F. Kocks 9. Simulation of deformation texture development for cubic metals U. F. Kocks 10. Effects of texture on plasticity M. G. Stout and U. F. Kocks 11. Self consistent modeling of heterogeneous plasticity C. N. Tome and G. R. Canova 12. Finite element modeling of heterogeneous plasticity P. R. Dawson and A. J. Beaudoin, Jr. Part III. Some Applications: 13. Finite element simulations of metal forming P. R. Dawson and A. J. Beaudoin, Jr. 14. Plasticity modeling in minerals and rocks H. -R. Wenk Appendix: the elastic inclusion problem C. N. Tome.