Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous Graph Neural Network via Knowledge Relations for Fake News Detection

The proliferation of fake news in social media has been recognized as a severe problem for society, and substantial attempts have been devoted to fake news detection to alleviate the detrimental impacts. Knowledge graphs (KGs) comprise rich factual relations among real entities, which could be utilized as ground-truth databases and enhance fake news detection. However, most of the existing methods only leveraged natural language processing and graph mining techniques to extract features of fake news for detection and rarely explored the ground knowledge in knowledge graphs. In this work, we propose a novel Heterogeneous Graph Neural Network via Knowledge Relations for Fake News Detection (HGNNR4FD). The devised framework has four major components: 1) A heterogeneous graph (HG) built upon news content, including three types of nodes, i.e., news, entities, and topics, and their relations. 2) A KG that provides the factual basis for detecting fake news by generating embeddings via relations in the KG. 3) A novel attention-based heterogeneous graph neural network that can aggregate information from HG and KG, and 4) a fake news detector, which is capable of identifying fake news based on the news embeddings generated by HGNNR4FD. We further validate the performance of our method by comparison with seven state-of-art baselines and verify the effectiveness of the components through a thorough ablation analysis. From the results, we empirically demonstrate that our framework achieves superior results and yields improvement over the baselines regarding evaluation metrics of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score on four real-world datasets.
Overestimation in time reproduction: Influences of accuracy feedback and attentional sharing

Duration reproduction is often subjective to biases, with a general tendency to overestimate durations, which has been observed in many studies. Yet, this overestimation is frequently dismissed as a nuisance error, and its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we conducted two experiments to investigate this general overestimation in duration reproduction. To pin down the origin of the error, we manipulated the reproduction output through shortened visual feedback in Experiment 1, while varying the presence of accuracy feedback in Experiment 2. Across both experiments, we observed a consistent overestimation in reproduction when accuracy feedback was absent. This overestimation, amounting to approximately 13.5% on a ratio basis across different durations and sessions, was unaffected by shortened visual feedback. We propose that this consistent overestimation is likely due to the attentional sharing between the action execution and the monitoring of the passage of time during the reproduction process.
A mathematical theory of relational generalization in transitive inference

Humans and animals routinely infer relations between different items or events and generalize these relations to novel combinations of items (“compositional generalization”). This allows them to respond appropriately to radically novel circumstances and is fundamental to advanced cognition. However, how learning systems (including the brain) can implement the necessary inductive biases has been unclear. Here we investigated transitive inference (TI), a classic relational task paradigm in which subjects must learn a relation (A > B and B > C) and generalize it to new combinations of items (A > C). Through mathematical analysis, we found that a broad range of biologically relevant learning models (e.g. gradient flow or ridge regression) perform TI successfully and recapitulate signature behavioral patterns long observed in living subjects. First, we found that models with item-wise additive representations automatically encode transitive relations. Second, for more general representations, a single scalar “conjunctivity factor” determines model behavior on TI and, further, the principle of norm minimization (a standard statistical inductive bias) enables models with fixed, partly conjunctive representations to generalize transitively. Finally, neural networks in the “rich regime,” which enables representation learning and often leads to better generalization, deviate in task behavior from living subjects and can make generalization errors. Our findings show systematically how minimal statistical learning principles can explain the rich behaviors empirically observed in TI in living subjects, uncover the mechanistic basis of transitive generalization in standard learning models, and lay out a formally tractable approach to understanding the neural basis of relational generalization.
Separating cognitive and motor processes in the behaving mouse

The cognitive processes supporting complex animal behavior are closely associated with ubiquitous movements responsible for our posture, facial expressions, ability to actively sample our sensory environments, and other critical processes. These movements are strongly related to neural activity across much of the brain and are often highly correlated with ongoing cognitive processes, making it challenging to dissociate the neural dynamics that support cognitive processes from those supporting related movements. In such cases, a critical issue is whether cognitive processes are separable from related movements, or if they are driven by common neural mechanisms. Here, we demonstrate how the separability of cognitive and motor processes can be assessed, and, when separable, how the neural dynamics associated with each component can be isolated. We establish a novel two-context behavioral task in mice that involves multiple cognitive processes and show that commonly observed dynamics taken to support cognitive processes are strongly contaminated by movements. When cognitive and motor components are isolated using a novel approach for subspace decomposition, we find that they exhibit distinct dynamical trajectories. Further, properly accounting for movement revealed that largely separate populations of cells encode cognitive and motor variables, in contrast to the ‘mixed selectivity’ often reported. Accurately isolating the dynamics associated with particular cognitive and motor processes will be essential for developing conceptual and computational models of neural circuit function and evaluating the function of the cell types of which neural circuits are composed.
Scaling Laws for Overlaid Wireless Networks: A Cognitive Radio Network versus a Primary Network

We study the scaling laws for the throughputs and delays of two coexisting wireless networks that operate in the same geographic region. The primary network consists of Poisson distributed legacy users of density n , and the secondary network consists of Poisson distributed cognitive users of density m, with m > n. The primary users have a higher priority to access the spectrum without particular considerations for the secondary users, while the secondary users have to act conservatively in order to limit the interference to the primary users. With a practical assumption that the secondary users only know the locations of the primary transmitters (not the primary receivers), we first show that both networks can achieve the same throughput scaling law as what Gupta and Kumar (IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 388-404, Mar. 2000) established for a standalone wireless network if proper transmission schemes are deployed, where a certain throughput is achievable for each individual secondary user (i.e., zero outage) with high probability. By using a fluid model, we also show that both networks can achieve the same delay-throughput tradeoff as the optimal one established by El Gamal (IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, vol. 52, no. 6, pp. 2568-2592, Jun. 2006) for a standalone wireless network.
Measuring Neighborhood Quality with Survey Data: A Bayesian Approach

Although neighborhood quality is important for shaping public policy, it is also difficult to quantify. This study measured subjective neighborhood quality using data from two sources: (1) the 2002 American Housing Survey (AHS) and (2) the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development's (HUD's) Customer Satisfaction Survey (CSS) of Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher Program (HCVP) households. Survey responses were analyzed regarding neighborhood quality, home quality, and crime perceptions. Tract-level Bayesian estimates were computed using AHS metropolitan-level data and CSS census tract data.The new Bayesian estimates have fewer outliers than the original CSS data, and the use of prior information allows for estimation for tracts with lower sample sizes than would be practical to estimate using only CSS data.I compared the CSS and Bayesian estimates with other measures of neighborhood quality, such as poverty rates, median income, and indicators for tracts receiving low-income housing tax credits. The CSS and Bayesian indicators are highly correlated, and both the CSS and Bayesian estimates correlate well with the auxiliary variables used in this study. For tracts with large differences between the CSS and Bayesian estimates, correlations are much stronger for the Bayesian estimates.
Geology Of The Carpathian Region

This can be best described as a comprehensive volume, as there is no one-volume of work done on the geology of the entire Carpathian region. It is aimed to pave the way for global geologists to examine this tectonically complex and key area and to build up a clear picture about its origin, evolution and structure. It provides factual geological material for plate tectonicians to work on and to derive basic information from. Since it is intended to be comprehensive, it will also be a useful source material for professional geologists and specialists in the earth sciences.
PET/MRI, Part 3: Protocols and Procedures

CE credit: For CE credit, you can access the test for this article, as well as additional JNMT CE tests, online at https://www.snmmilearningcenter. org. Complete the test online no later than March 2025. Your online test will be scored immediately. You may make 3 attempts to pass the test and must answer 75% of the questions correctly to receive Continuing Education Hour (CEH) credit. Credit amounts can be found in the SNMMI Learning Center Activity. SNMMI members will have their CEH credit added to their VOICE transcript automatically; nonmembers will be able to print out a CE certificate upon successfully completing the test. The online test is free to SNMMI members; nonmembers must pay $15.00 by credit card when logging onto the website to take the test. The emergence of PET and MRI as a hybrid modality has demanded new approaches to protocols and procedures. Although protocols for MRI and PET individually lend themselves to synergistic and simultaneous approaches, there are a number of unique challenges and patient preparations that require consideration. This article provides insight into the protocols, procedures, and challenges associated with simultaneous PET/MRI in both adult and pediatric populations. Although protocols may be specific to applications or pathologies of interest, a richer discussion of the clinical applications of PET/MRI is beyond the scope of this article and will be detailed in part 4 of the series. The foundation of PET/MRI protocols is an understanding of the various MRI sequences, which are outlined succinctly. The principles outlined for protocols and procedures are general, and specific application will vary among departments. Given that the procedures for PET are well established among the readership of this journal, this article emphasizes MRI factors unless specific variations in standard PET protocols or procedures are driven by the simultaneous MRI. This article is the third in a 4-part integrated series sponsored by the PET/MR and Publication Committees of the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging–Technologist Section.
Volumes sédimentaires et bilans de masses en Asie pendant le Cénozoïque

Cette these s'attache a l'etude de l'histoire geologique de l'asie depuis 66 ma. Nous presentons, dans ce travail, une technique de mesure des volumes de sediments accumules dans les grands bassins d'asie. A partir de ces reconstitutions nous etablissons des bilans a differentes echelles qui permettent de retrouver de facon independante, par l'intermediaire des variables conservatives que sont la masse ou le volume solide, un certain nombre de resultats derives de l'etude des deformations active, et de la geologie. Dans le tien shan, nos resultats confirment l'idee que la vitesse de mouvement sur des systemes de rampes crustales est, en moyenne, constante sur une echelle de temps de plus de 10 ma. Ceci suggere que l'etablissement de ces structures est un phenomene rapide a l'echelle de cette orogenese. Sur le bord nord-est du tibet, nous observons une propagation de la sedimentation entre deux bassins importants: le qaidam et le hexi. Cette propagation est en tres bon accord avec les travaux anterieurs suggerant le deplacement de la deformation vers le nord-est le long de la faille de l'altyn tagh. L'analyse de la maniere dont le bassin du qaidam se remplit de facon catastrophique au pliocene permet, toujours par l'intermediaire d'un bilan de masse simplifie, de correler cette propagation de la deformation avec la mise en place de surfaces planes de tres haute altitude moyenne. En comparant les volumes de depots quaternaires a la charge transportee par les grands fleuves d'asie qui y deposent leurs sediments, nous suggerons que des systemes fluviaux aussi grands que le chang jiang, le huang he, et le gange-brahmapoutre, sont stables a l'echelle des deux derniers millions d'annees. Cette constatation nous permet egalement de suggerer des divagations du mekong durant son histoire quaternaire. A l'echelle de l'asie, le resultat le plus frappant est l'absence d'une sedimentation marquante durant l'eocene. Cette absence de sedimentation suggere fortement que la surrection des chaines d'asie s'intensifie, si elle ne s'initie pas, tard dans l'histoire de la collision inde-asie laissant le champ libre a l'extrusion comme mecanisme preponderant d'accommodation du raccourcissement dans la premiere moitie du cenozoique. En estimant le bilan, regional cette fois, des masses se repartissant en epaississement, extrusion et sedimentation, suivant la geometrie de la collision nous retrouvons cette conclusion, et ceci quelle que soit la geometrie de la collision
Controls on strain localisation in the Middle to Late Jurassic North Sea rift system

We integrate observations of lithospheric extension over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales within the northern North Sea basin and critically review the extent to which existing theories of lithospheric deformation can account for these observations. Data obtained through a prolonged period of hydrocarbon exploration and production has yielded a dense and diverse data set over the entire Viking Graben and its flanking platform areas. These data show how syn-rift accommodation within the basin varied in space and time with sub-kilometer-scale spatial resolution and a temporal resolution of 2–3 Myr. Regional interpretations of 2D seismic reflection, refraction and gravity data for this area have also been published and provide an image of total basin wide stretching for the entire crust. These image data are combined with published strain rate inversion results obtained from tectonic subsidence patterns to constrain the spatio-temporal evolution of strain accumulation throughout the lithosphere during the 40 Myr (170–130 Ma) period of Late Jurassic extension across this basin. For the first 25–30 Myr, strain localisation dominated basin development with strain rates at the eventual rift axis increasing while strain rates over the flanking areas declined. As strain rates across the whole basin were consistently very low (b3 10 s ), thermally induced strength loss cannot explain this phenomenon. The strain localisation is manifest in the near-surface by a systematic migration of fault activity. The pattern and timing of this migration are inconsistent with flexural bending stresses exerting an underlying control, especially when estimates of flexural rigidity for this area are considered. The best explanation for what is observed in this time period is a coupling between near-surface strain localisation, driven by brittle (or plastic) failure, and the evolving thermal structure of the lithosphere. We demonstrate this process using a continuum mechanics model for normal fault growth that incorporates the strain rate-dependence of frictional strength observed in Earth and Planetary Science Letters 234 (2005) 401–419 P. Cowie et al. / Earth and Planetary Science Letters 234 (2005) 401–419 402 laboratory studies. During the final 10 Myr of basin formation, strain accumulation was focused within the axis and strain rates declined rapidly. Replacement of weak crust by stronger mantle material plus crustal buoyancy forces can adequately explain this decline. D 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Design an optimal fuzzy fractional proportional integral derivative controller with derivative filter for load frequency control in power systems

In this article, a novel fuzzy proportional integral derivative (PID) controller with filtered derivative action and fractional order integrator (fuzzy PIλDF controller) is proposed to solve automatic generation control (AGC) problem in power system. The optimization task for fine-tuning parameters of the proposed controller structure is accomplished by cuckoo optimization algorithm (COA). To appraise the usefulness and practicability of proposed COA optimized fuzzy PIλDF controller, four extensively used interconnected test systems, that is, two-area non-reheat thermal, two-area multi-source, three-area thermal and three-area hydro-thermal power plants, are considered. Different nonlinearity such as generation rate constraint (GRC) and governor dead band (GDB) as a source of physical constraints are taken into account in the model of the three-area power systems to examine the ability of the proposed technique to handle practical challenges. The acceptability and novelty of COA-based fuzzy PIλDF controller to solve aforesaid test systems are evaluated in comparison with some recently reported approaches. The consequences of time domain simulation reveal that designed secondary controllers provide a desirable level of performance and stability compared with other existing strategies. Additionally, to explore the robustness of the proposed technique, sensitivity analysis is conducted by varying the operating loading conditions and system parameters within a specific tolerable range.
Non-solvable groups and the two-prime hypothesis on conjugacy class sizes

Abstract For a finite group G, denotes the set of non-trivial conjugacy class sizes of G. The group G is said to satisfy the two-prime hypothesis if, for every a, , the number of primes dividing the greatest common divisor of a and b is at most two. The aim of this article is to investigate the simple groups satisfying the two-prime hypothesis. Also, as a result, some non-solvable groups satisfying the two-prime hypothesis are studied.
Effects of Hyperlipidemia on the Pharmacokinetics of Tofacitinib, a JAK 1/3 Inhibitor, in Rats

Tofacitinib, an inhibitor of Janus kinases (JAKs) 1 and 3, has been shown to be effective in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The incidence of hyperlipidemia has been found to be higher in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The present study therefore investigated the pharmacokinetics of tofacitinib after its intravenous (10 mg/kg) or oral (20 mg/kg) administration in poloxamer-407-induced hyperlipidemic (PHL) rats. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve from zero to infinity (AUC0–∞) after intravenous administration of tofacitinib was 73.5% higher in PHL than in control rats, owing to slower time-averaged nonrenal clearance (CLNR) in the former. Evaluation of in vitro metabolism showed that the intrinsic clearance (CLint) of tofacitinib was 38.6% lower in PHL than in control rats, owing to the decreased protein expression of hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A1/2 and CYP2C11 in PHL rats. Similar results were observed in PHL rats after oral administration of tofacitinib. These results were likely due to the decreased CLNR, CLint, and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression in the intestines of PHL compared to control rats. Overall, these findings indicated that hyperlipidemia slowed the metabolism of tofacitinib, increasing its plasma concentrations, and that this reduced metabolism was due to alterations in expression of the proteins CYP3A1/2, CYP2C11, and P-gp in the liver and/or intestines of PHL rats.
Resultat vid GIH:s pyramidtest och VO2max-test bland äldre, bandyspelare och gymnasieelever : en valideringsstudie av ett vidareutvecklat pyramidtest

Syfte. God kondition har visats vara av speciellt varde i olika idrotter samt for att minska risken for hjart-karlsjukdomar. I vissa idrotts- och halsosammanhang ar billiga, enkla och tillforlitlig .
Direto da Sarjeta: diálogos possíveis entre Cangaço Overdrive, de Zé Wellington e Walter Geovani, e Ronin, de Frank Miller

O presente artigo discute as conexões entre as HQs Cangaço Overdrive (2018), de Zé Wellington e Walter Geovani e Ronin (1983-1984), de Frank Miller. As duas obras foram pioneiras em seu trânsito por diferentes tradições artísticas — enquanto Ronin antecipou o movimento cyberpunk, Cangaço Overdrive articulou elementos que configurariam o sertãopunk ainda antes do movimento tomar forma. Ambas também tomam como ponto de partida a ressurreição de uma figura de um passado heroico em um futuro distópico, mas se diferenciam na forma como desenvolvem a relação dessas figuras com o mundo ao qual elas retornam em seu deslocamento temporal — isto é, tratam de maneira radicalmente diversa a relação do passado com o futuro. Defende-se, a partir deste cotejo, que as semelhanças superficiais entre as obras são menos significativas em sua análise conjunta do que suas diferentes apreensões do capitalismo tardio, expressivas dos movimentos literários a que se associam e de seus respectivos quadros ideológicos.
[An analytical classification of fractures of the distal radius: The "M.E.U." classification].

INTRODUCTION Fractures of the distal radius are often complex injuries involving to a varying degree the radial metaphysis (M), radial epiphysis (E) and distal ulna (U). The association of these three parameters varies in a given injury and each fracture is a specific lesion which often defies inclusion in a well-defined group. An analytical classification is proposed. MATERIALS AND METHODS The classification system analysed the three components of the fracture, assigning to each an index of gravity increasing from 0 to 4 and taking into account the main prognostic factor. Interobserver and intraobserver evaluation was carried out. The system was a posteriori applied to a prospective series of 166 distal radius fractures. RESULTS Mean interobserver reliability was 0.78 and mean intraobserver reproducibility 0.81. M and E were closely correlated with treatment, M with algodystrophy, E with pain and U with mobility and patient satisfaction at one year. CONCLUSIONS Inter- and intraobserver reproducibilities were good and the results validated our gravity indexes. This classification, describing all possible combinations of the three components of the fracture, is useful for both prognosis and treatment.