Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Removal of asphaltene by solid‐phase iron exchanged bentonite

The purpose of this study was to modify bentonite (B) by iron using the solid‐phase ion exchange method to enhance the asphaltene adsorption. According to the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and x‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD) results, after solid‐state ion exchange, the structure of parent bentonite was changed slightly. An energy‐dispersive x‐ray analysis (EDX) showed that after ion exchange, the iron contents of bentonite increased from 0.6% to 1.6% w/w. Bentonite modification with iron increases asphaltene adsorption capacity (about 60%) compared to parent bentonite. Optimal adsorbent conditions for adsorption of asphaltene are 100 ppm concentration, 5 g/L adsorbent, and 60 min contact time. Adsorbent behavior showed that the adsorption kinetics and isotherm are in good agreement with the pseudo‐second‐order model and the Langmuir equation.
Automorphisms of K3 surfaces and their applications

This paper is a survey about $K3$ surfaces with an automorphism and log rational surfaces, in particular, log del Pezzo surfaces and log Enriques surfaces. It is also a reproduction on my talk at "Mathematical structures of integrable systems and their applications" held at Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences in September 2018.
Changes in individuals’ eating habits and mood, sleep quality, and lifestyle during COVID-19

Objectives: The COVID-19 outbreak was classified as a global epidemic after it emerged in the first quarter of 2020 and the virus spread rapidly after only three months. The quarantines implemented during the COVID-19 period, the deterioration of economic income, and the uncertain situation about the future have affected the changes in physical inactivity, mood changes, sleep quality, lifestyle, and eating habits. Our study aimed to investigate the changes in individuals’ mood, sleep quality, lifestyle, and eating habits during the COVID-19 pandemic period. Patients and Methods: COVID-19 phobia scale (C19P-S) and coronavirus anxiety scale (CAS) were used to assess the emotional state of individuals. Pittsburgh sleep quality index was used to assess sleep quality. The data required for the research were collected with an online questionnaire. The study was carried out on individuals over 18 years of age between November 2020 and January 2021. Changes in mood, sleep quality and lifestyle with eating habits of individuals during the COVID-19. The data obtained from the studies were analyzed with appropriate statistical methods using the SPSS 22.0 program. Results: A total of 6,609 individuals between the ages of 18-70 participated in the study, and 69.8% of the participants were female. Sleep quality and the mean score obtained from the C19P-S in female individuals (50.4±10.63) were found to be significantly higher than in male individuals (46.9±9.94) (p<0.001). Sleep quality showed a positive and significant relationship with CAS and C19P-S, respectively (r=0.190, r=224) (p<0.001). Before the COVID-19 period, the individuals consumed the highest rate of fruit (68.8%), tea, herbal teas (48.4%), vegetables (50.8%), and milk and yogurt (48.4%), while after the pandemic the highest rate of industrial packaged bakery products (41.0%), sugar or sweeteners (36.2%), processed meat products (34.7%), and sugar-sweetened soft drinks (30.3%) were consumed. Conclusions: The COVID-19 may cause changes in individuals’ mood, sleep quality, lifestyle, and eating habits. This is the first study to evaluate these factors together in the Turkish population. We believe that complications related to COVID-19 may have a negative impact on public health in the long term. In the future, we recommend that governments develop policies to improve public health regarding adequate and balanced nutrition, physical activity, and mood management.
The Fundamental Theorem of Perfect Simulation

Here several perfect simulation algorithms are brought under a single framework, and shown to derive from the same probabilistic result, called here the Fundamental Theorem of Perfect Simulation (FTPS). An exact simulation algorithm has output according to an input distribution $\pi$. Perfect simulations are a subclass of exact simulations where recursion is used either explicitly or implicitly. The FTPS gives two simple criteria that, when satisfied, give a correct perfect simulation algorithm. First the algorithm must terminate in finite time with probability 1. Second, the algorithm must be locally correct in the sense that the algorithm can be proved correct given the assumption that any recursive call used returns an output from the correct distribution. This simple idea is surprisingly powerful. Like other general techniques such as Metropolis-Hastings for approximate simulation, the FTPS allows for the flexible construction of existing and new perfect simulation protocols. This theorem can be used to verify the correctness of many perfect simulation protocols, including Acceptance Rejection, Coupling From the Past, and Recursive Bernoulli factories.
Quasar SDSS J142507.32+323137.4: dual AGNs?

We analyze the optical spectrum of type 1 QSO SDSS J1425+3231.This object is interesting since its narrow emission lines,such as O IIIλλ4959,5007,are double-peaked,and the line structure can be modeled well by three Gaussian components:two components for the two peaks (we refer to the peaks at low/high redshift as "the blue/red component") and another one for the line wing which has the same line center as that of the blue component,but is ～ 3 times broader.The separation between the blue and red components is ～ 500km s? 1 with the blue component being ～2 times broader than the red one.The Hβ emission can be separated into four components:two for the double-peaked narrow line and two for the broad line which comes from the broad line regions.The black hole mass estimated from the broad Hβ emission line using the typical reverberation mapping relation is 0.85 × 108 M,which is consistent with that derived from parameters of O IIIλ 5007 of the blue component.We suggest that this QSO might be a dual AGN system;the broad Hβ emission line is mainly contributed by the primary black hole (traced by the blue component) while the broad Hβ component of the secondary black hole (traced by the red component) is hard to be separated out considering a resolution of ～ 2 000 for SDSS spectra or it may be totally obscured by the dusty torus.
Classification of the Discrete Real Specializations of the Burau Representation of $B_3$

This classification is found by analyzing the action of a normal subgroup of $B_3$ as hyperbolic isometries. This paper gives an example of an unfaithful specialization of the Burau representation on $B_4$ that is faithful when restricted to $B_3$, as well as examples of unfaithful specializations of $B_3$.
Global weak solutions for an incompressible Newtonian fluid interacting with a linearly elastic Koiter shell

In this paper we analyze the interaction of an incompressible Newtonian fluid with a linearly elastic Koiter shell whose motion is restricted to transverse displacements. The middle surface of the shell constitutes the mathematical boundary of the threedimensional fluid domain. We show that weak solutions exist as long as the magnitude of the displacement stays below some (possibly large) bound which is determined by the geometry of the undeformed shell.
Cohomologie d’intersection des variétés modulaires de Siegel, suite

Abstract In this work, we study the intersection cohomology of Siegel modular varieties. The goal is to express the trace of a Hecke operator composed with a power of the Frobenius endomorphism (at a good place) on this cohomology in terms of the geometric side of Arthur’s invariant trace formula for well-chosen test functions. Our main tools are the results of Kottwitz about the contribution of the cohomology with compact support and about the stabilization of the trace formula, Arthur’s L2 trace formula and the fixed point formula of Morel [Complexes pondérés sur les compactifications de Baily–Borel. Le cas des variétés de Siegel, J. Amer. Math. Soc. 21 (2008), 23–61]. We ‘stabilize’ this last formula, i.e. express it as a sum of stable distributions on the general symplectic groups and its endoscopic groups, and obtain the formula conjectured by Kottwitz in [Shimura varieties and λ-adic representations, in Automorphic forms, Shimura varieties and L-functions, Part I, Perspectives in Mathematics, vol. 10 (Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1990), 161–209]. Applications of the results of this article have already been given by Kottwitz, assuming Arthur’s conjectures. Here, we give weaker unconditional applications in the cases of the groups GSp4 and GSp6.
Four-Manifolds which admit Z_p x Z_p actions

We show that the simply-connected four-manifolds which admit locally linear, homologically trivial actions by rank two finite abelian groups are homeomorphic to connected sums of CP^2, -CP^2, and S^2 x S^2 (with one exception: pseudofree Z_3 x Z_3 actions on the Chern manifold), and also establish an equivariant decompostion theorem. This generalizes results from a 1970 paper by Orlik and Raymond, and complements more recent work of Fintushel, Yoshida, and Huck on S^1 actions. In each case, the simply-connected four-manifolds which support such actions are essentially the same.
Heavy-quark dynamics and hadronization in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions: Collisional versus radiative energy loss

We study the dynamics of energy loss and flow of heavy quarks produced in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions within the framework of a Langevin equation coupled to a (2+1)-dimensional viscous hydrodynamic model that simulates the space-time evolution of the produced hot and dense QCD matter. The classical Langevin approach is improved such that, apart from quasi-elastic scatterings, radiative energy loss is incorporated by treating gluon radiation as an additional force term. The hadronization of emitted heavy quarks is simulated via a hybrid fragmentation plus recombination model. Our calculation shows significant contribution from gluon radiation to heavy quark energy loss at high energies, and we find the recombination mechanism is important for heavy flavor meson production at intermediate energies. We present numerical results for the nuclear modification and elliptic flow of D mesons, which are consistent with measurements at both LHC and RHIC; predictions for B mesons are also provided.
Evaluation of the N2O Rate of Change to Understand the Stratospheric Brewer‐Dobson Circulation in a Chemistry‐Climate Model

The Brewer‐Dobson Circulation (BDC) determines the distribution of long‐lived tracers in the stratosphere; therefore, their changes can be used to diagnose changes in the BDC. We evaluate decadal (2005–2018) trends of nitrous oxide (N2O) in two versions of the Whole Atmosphere Chemistry‐Climate Model (WACCM) by comparing them with measurements from four Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) ground‐based instruments, the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE‐FTS), and with a chemistry‐transport model (CTM) driven by four different reanalyses. The limited sensitivity of the FTIR instruments can hide negative N2O trends in the mid‐stratosphere because of the large increase in the lowermost stratosphere. When applying ACE‐FTS measurement sampling on model datasets, the reanalyses from the European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) compare best with ACE‐FTS, but the N2O trends are consistently exaggerated. The N2O trends obtained with WACCM disagree with those obtained from ACE‐FTS, but the new WACCM version performs better than the previous above the Southern Hemisphere in the stratosphere. Model sensitivity tests show that the decadal N2O trends reflect changes in the stratospheric transport. We further investigate the N2O Transformed Eulerian Mean (TEM) budget in WACCM and in the CTM simulation driven by the latest ECMWF reanalysis. The TEM analysis shows that enhanced advection affects the stratospheric N2O trends in the Tropics. While no ideal observational dataset currently exists, this model study of N2O trends still provides new insights about the BDC and its changes because of the contribution from relevant sensitivity tests and the TEM analysis.
Qualitative and quantitative phytochemicals of leaves, bark and roots of Antiaris toxicaria Lesch., a promising natural medicinal plant and source of pesticides

Antiaris toxicaria Lesch. of the Moraceae family is a tree that grows endemic to Indonesia and has a height of about 20-30 m. This study aimed to screen the phytochemical constituents of leaf, bark and its root. The plant materials were collected from the Samarinda Botanical Garden. Latex of this species in Indonesia is known as a source of blowpipe poison. In other countries Antiaris sp. plant parts (leaves, bark and seeds) are used in ethnobotany practice as raw material for traditional medicine. The leaves, bark and seeds of this plant are used in the treatment of syphilis, leprosy, cancer and used as laxatives for sore throats. Screening of the phytochemical constituents of the samples began by tracing the macromolecules of alkaloids, steroids, tannins, phenolic compounds, flavonoids and saponins with various tests. Alkaloids, saponins, tannins, phlobatnins, flavonoids and terpenoids were detected in the chemical analysis. High performance liquid chromatography diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) was conducted. HPLC screening of A. toxicaria extracts revealed the presence of galic acid, catechins, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, ellagic acid, epigallocatechin, routine, isoquercitrin, quercitrin, quercetin and kaempferol. The study revealed the array of secondary metabolites present in the plant that can be used in medicinal preparations and will be candidate species for developing a natural insecticide.
Experimental Study Influences Changes In Compression Ratio To Performance Of Single Cylinder Otto Engine

Increasing the compression ratio is an attempt to increase the efficiency and performance of the engine. The purpose of the study was to analyze the effect of changes in the compression ratio on engine performance. Tests using a single-cylinder Otto engine by comparing the performance of an enlarged compression ratio of 9.7:1 and 10.4:1 with a standard compression ratio of 9.0:1. The result of the research is that the compression ratio of 9.7:1 produces a peak torque of 7.51 Nm at 6000 rpm, a peak power of 5.30 kW at 8000 rpm, and the lowest BSFC is 0.146 kg/kW.h at 6000 rpm. Torque and power increased by 0.09 Nm and 0.28 kW, and BSFC decreased by 0.018 kg/kW.h compared to the standard compression ratio of 9.0:1. Using a compression ratio of 10.4:1 produces a peak torque of 7.69 Nm at 6000 rpm, a peak power of 5.38 kW at 8000 rpm, and the lowest BSFC is 0.116 kg/kW.h at 6000 rpm. Torque and power increased by 0.27 Nm and 0.36 kW, and BSFC decreased by 0.030 kg/kW.h compared to the standard compression ratio of 9.0:1.
Spectrum of generalized Hodge-Laplace operators on flat tori and round spheres

We consider generalized Hodge-Laplace operators $\alpha d \delta + \beta \delta d$ for $\alpha, \beta > 0$ on $p$-forms on compact Riemannian manifolds. In the case of flat tori and round spheres of different radii, we explicitly calculate the spectrum of these operators. Furthermore, we investigate under which circumstances they are isospectral.
Stable noncommutative polynomials and their determinantal representations

A noncommutative polynomial is stable if it is nonsingular on all tuples of matrices whose imaginary parts are positive definite. In this paper a characterization of stable polynomials is given in terms of purely stable linear matrix pencils, i.e., pencils of the form H + iP0 + P1x1 + · · · + Pdxd, where H is hermitian and Pj are positive semidefinite matrices. Namely, a noncommutative polynomial is stable if and only if it admits a determinantal representation with a purely stable pencil. More generally, structure certificates for noncommutative stability are given for linear matrix pencils and noncommutative rational functions.
EFFECT OF COMBINATION OF SOME BIO- AND ABIOTIC AGENTS WITH COMPOST ON POTATO BROWN ROT DISEASE CAUSED BY RALSTONIA SOLANACEARUM

Ten isolates of Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs) were isolated and identified with the traditional and modern techniques from the diseased potato tubers and soil collected from the tested fields in Qalubia and Behara governorates, Egypt. All tested R. solanacearum isolates induced bacterial wilt disease symptoms on all inoculated potato plants compared with the non-inoculated control. The highest increase in infection % and disease severity were induced by the isolate of R. solanacearum (No.6) compared with other isolates. Treatment of infected soil by bio-agent (B. subtilis and Ps. fluorescents) with 10% mixed compost and spraying potato shoots (Cara cv.) by abiotic factors (salicylic acid and K2HPO4 at rate of 4.5 mM) reduced the brown rot disease symptoms expression on plants even after 45 days from infection of soil by pathogenic bacterium. Most treated treatments induced a marked increase in activities of peroxidase (PO), catalase (CL) and polyphenoloxidase (PPO) enzymes in the leaves of treated plants comparing to the untreated control plants. Total phenolic compounds content in the treated plants was higher than in the untreated plants. On the other hand, protein analysis of the potato plant leaves treated with combination between of bioagents and abiotic factors show induced positive changes in protein against to brown rot disease. Some new proteins bands appeared when compared with the control. The appearance of new bands may be due to effect of the used treatments and the active defense of potato plants under the effects of the aforementioned treatments. Key words: Potato, Brown rot, R. solanacearum, Disease control, Bioagents, Abiotic factors, Induced resistance, Oxidative enzymes, Phenolic compounds, Protein analysis. الملخص في هذه الدراسة تم عزل وتعريف 10 عزلات من بكتيريا Ralstonia solanacearum المسببة لمرض العفن البني (الذبول ) على البطاطس من عينات الدرنات والتربة المجموعة من محافظتي القليوبية والبحيرة وقد اظهر نتائج اختبار القدرة المرضية قدرة العزلات علي انتاج المرض وكانت العزلة R6 اكثر فعالية من العزلات الأخرى. وقد أدى معاملة التربة ببعض العوامل الحيوية (B. subtilis و P. fluorescens) والعوامل غير حيوية (حمض السليسليك , K2HPO4 في تركيز 4.5 مل مولر) في وجود 10% كومبوست الى خفض اعراض مرض العفن البني(الذبول) على نباتات البطاطس حتى بعد 45 يوما من المعاملة، كما أظهرت معظم المعاملات المختبرة زيادة ملحوظة في نشاط الانزيمات المؤكسدة (بيروكسيداز , بولي فينول اكسيداز, كتاليز) والمركبات الفينولية الكلية في اوراق النباتات المعاملة مقارنة بغير المعاملة. كما اظهر نتائج تحليل البروتينات باستخدام (SDS-PAGE) ملاحظة تكون بندات جديدة (412.86، 87.72،85.08 ،79.63، , 63.09 44,24، , 38.2 و 36.6 KDa) من البروتين في مستخلصات اوراق نباتات البطاطس المعاملة كرد فعل من النباتات المعاملة لمقاومة المرض حيث لوحظ ظهور البند الجديد 412.86 كيلو دالتون مع المعاملة (حامض السليسليك+ K2HPO4في تركيز 45 مل مولر) حيث انخفضت نسبة الإصابة المرض الى 20% بينما لم يظهر في معاملة الكنترول في وجود المسبب المرض (نسبة الإصابة 80 % ).
Rank-level duality of Conformal Blocks for odd orthogonal Lie algebras in genus 0

Classical invariants for representations of one Lie group can often be related to invariants of some other Lie group. Physics suggests that the right objects to consider for these questions are certain refinements of classical invariants known as conformal blocks. Conformal blocks appear in algebraic geometry as spaces of global sections of line bundles on the moduli stack of parabolic bundles on a smooth curve. Rank-level duality connects a conformal block associated to one Lie algebra to a conformal block for a different Lie algebra. In this paper we prove a rank-level duality for type so(2r+1) on the pointed projective line conjectured by T. Nakanishi and A. Tsuchiya.
PREBIOTICS SELECTION AND OPTIMIZATION OF CULTURAL CONDITION FOR PROBIOTIC BIFIDOBACTERIUM LACTIS

Bifidobacterium lactis, a well-known probiotic, was cultured in laboratory to observe the effect of substrate and mixing on cell growth. The cells were grown in MRS-IM media defined by Christian Hansen, Denmark, where carbohydrate sources were varied. Glucose, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), soy broth and commercial soymilk were used as carbohydrate sources. A one-liter bioreactor was used to grow the cells, where anaerobic condition was maintained by supplying nitrogen gas throughout the experiment. Fructooligosaccharides, and commercial soymilk were found effective on this cell growth. The overall cell growth was found to be almost indifferent, but growth rate was considerably higher due to mixing.
Quantitative study of the spin Hall magnetoresistance in ferromagnetic insulator/normal metal hybrids

We experimentally investigate and quantitatively analyze the spin Hall magnetoresistance effect in ferromagnetic insulator/platinum and ferromagnetic insulator/nonferromagnetic metal/platinum hybrid structures. For the ferromagnetic insulator, we use either yttrium iron garnet, nickel ferrite, or magnetite and for the nonferromagnet, copper or gold. The spin Hall magnetoresistance effect is theoretically ascribed to the combined action of spin Hall and inverse spin Hall effect in the platinum metal top layer. It therefore should characteristically depend upon the orientation of the magnetization in the adjacent ferromagnet and prevail even if an additional, nonferromagnetic metal layer is inserted between Pt and the ferromagnet. Our experimental data corroborate these theoretical conjectures. Using the spin Hall magnetoresistance theory to analyze our data, we extract the spin Hall angle and the spin diffusion length in platinum. For a spin-mixing conductance of 4×1014 ? 1m? 2, we obtain a spin Hall angle of 0.11±0.08 and a spin diffusion length of (1.5±0.5) nm for Pt in our thin-film samples
Do consumers care about credibility? Examining corporate credibility and price on sport ticket purchase decision making

ABSTRACT The ticket market for sport events has undergone substantial changes following the emergence of secondary markets (i.e., ticket resale platforms) and changes in consumer preferences. Therefore, the concept of corporate credibility warrants attention in the context of the secondary ticket market, which comprises ticket sellers with varying levels of credibility. Additionally, since secondary ticket companies engage in demand-based pricing, it is critical to measure the effect of ticket prices on the relationship between corporate credibility and purchase intention. In this research we utilize a multi-study design to examine the relationship between corporate credibility and consumers’ purchase intention in the secondary ticket market, as well as the moderating effect of ticket prices. The findings, which run counter to previous literature, suggest that the impact of corporate credibility on purchase intention in the secondary ticket market is negligible. HIGHLIGHTS Test for the effect of corporate credibility on consumers’ purchase intention in the secondary ticket market. Consistent evidence from multiple studies demonstrating the lack of significant impact of corporate credibility. No statistically significant effect of ticket price as a moderator between corporate credibility and purchase intention.
Nodal lengths in shrinking domains for random eigenfunctions on $S^{2}$

We investigate the asymptotic behavior of the nodal lines for random spherical harmonics restricted to shrinking domains, in the 2-dimensional case: i.e., the length of the zero set $\mathcal{Z}_{\ell,r_\ell} := \mathcal{Z}^{B_{r_{\ell}}}(T_\ell)=\text{len}(\{x \in \mathbb{S}^2 \cap B_{r_\ell}: T_\ell(x)=0 \})$, where $B_{r_{\ell}}$ is the spherical cap of radius $r_\ell$. We show that the variance of the nodal length is logarithmic in the high energy limit; moreover, it is asymptotically fully equivalent, in the $L^2$-sense, to the "local sample trispectrum", namely, the integral on the ball of the fourth-order Hermite polynomial. This result extends and generalizes some recent findings for the full spherical case. As a consequence a Central Limit Theorem is established.