Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Swarms of Pirates: Red Team Exercises Using Autonomous High-Speed Maneuvering Surface Vessels

We present a ﬁnal overview of the eﬀorts by the Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division (NAWCWD) and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory to automate the operation of the largest ﬂeet of autonomous maritime vehicles. The vehicles are intended for large-scale demonstrations and tests of US Navy systems or tactics. This review covers a pre-existing distributed architecture for human-in-the-loop control of several autonomous high speed boats with a main focus on the planning, formation assignment, and formation switching pipeline. Algorithm capabilities are described and validated in simulation and ﬁeld tests using using real-world vehicles. Theoretical lower bounds on the time required to change formations are also derived and used to bound our experimental performance. We are able to present data from the 2019 “ﬁnal exam” which pitted this architecture in a head-to-head competition, which was won after a perfect run with no hazardous maneuvers recorded under autonomous control. The eﬀort concluded successfully on December 31, 2020 with the delivery of code and documentation after successful integration and testing exercises in 2019 and 2020. We conclude the paper with discussions of limitations, extensions, and suggestions for future work.
Distinct functions of EHMT1 and EHMT2 in cancer chemotherapy and immunotherapy

EHTM1 (GLP) and EHMT2 (G9a) are closely related protein lysine methyltransferases often thought to function together as a heterodimer to methylate histone H3 and non-histone substrates in diverse cellular processes including transcriptional regulation, genome methylation, and DNA repair. Here we show that EHMT1/2 inhibitors cause ATM-mediated slowdown of replication fork progression, accumulation of single-stranded replication gaps, emergence of cytosolic DNA, and increased expression of STING. EHMT1/2 inhibition strongly potentiates the efficacy of alkylating chemotherapy and anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in mouse models of tripe negative breast cancer. The effects on DNA replication and alkylating agent sensitivity are largely caused by the loss of EHMT1-mediated methylation of LIG1, whereas the elevated STING expression and remarkable response to immunotherapy appear mainly elicited by the loss of EHMT2 activity. Depletion of UHRF1, a protein known to be associated with EHMT1/2 and LIG1, also induces STING expression, and depletion of either EHMT2 or UHRF1 leads to demethylation of specific CpG sites in the STING1 promoter, suggestive of a distinct EHMT2-UHRF1 axis that regulates DNA methylation and gene transcription. These results highlight distinct functions of the two EHMT paralogs and provide enlightening paradigms and corresponding molecular basis for combination therapies involving alkylating agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Livestock and deforestation in Central America in the 1980s and 1990s: a policy perspective

This study analyses seven factors used to explain the conversion of forest to pasture in Central America between 1979 and 1994: 1) favorable markets for livestock products, 2) subsidized credit and road construction, 3) land tenure policies, 4) limited technological change in livestock, 5) policies which reduce timber values, 6) reduced levels of political violence, and 7) characteristics specific to cattle which make it attractive.
Automated Stimulation and Long-Term Remote Monitoring of Multi-Plex Microfluidic Organoid Chips

Developing a novel microfluidic organoid system required many experiments and iterations due to lack of knowledge about the relevant developmental biology. Collecting data on the developing organoids quickly escalated into a bottleneck as high throughput and long term culture resulted in a rapidly increasing number of specimens being observed. Commercially available automated microscope systems exist, but were either too expensive or not appropriate, and could not be modified. To satisfy the increasing need for automated data collection, a custom robotic system was developed to collect data from within a standard incubator. An X-Y belt driven gantry was designed with an architecture chosen to balance high accuracy, low cost, speed, and range of motion. Focus control was implemented with dual miniature leadscrews. A linear sliding mechanism was used to switch between two microscope objectives. 3D printed chip attachments were designed to implement illuminators for bright field imaging, and electrodes for stimulating the cardiac organoids. A fluorescent filter block was designed using a 3D printed piece to hold optical components, and a multi-band filter set that allowed for three color fluorescence without moving parts. A pulley driven tilting stage gravitationally biased the organoids during development. In order to ensure accurate image collection despite the inevitable position shifting of the chips, an image processing pipeline was developed for locating organoids using geometrical microfluidic chip features. The resulting robotic system automated imaging data collection on organoids and electrical and mechanical stimulation, in addition to being modifiable for future projects.
Investigation of the performance of a simple rainfall disaggregation scheme using semi-distributed hydrological modelling of the Lee catchment, UK

A simple and practical spatial–temporal disaggregation scheme to convert observed daily rainfall to hourly data is presented, in which the observed sub-daily temporal profile available at one gauge is applied linearly to all sites over the catchment to reproduce the spatially varying daily totals. The performance of the methodology is evaluated using an event-based, semi-distributed, nonlinear hydrological rainfall–runoff model to test the suitability of the disaggregation scheme for UK conditions for catchment sizes of 80–1,000 km2. The joint procedure is tested on the Lee catchment, UK, for five events from a 12 year period of data from 16 rain gauges and 12 flow stations. The disaggregation scheme generally performs extremely well in reproducing the simulated flow for the natural catchments, although, as expected, performance deteriorates for localized convective rainfall. However, some reduction in performance occurs when the catchments are artificially urbanised.
Therapeutic Targeting of TIM-4-L With Engineered T Cells for Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Disruption of the lipid asymmetric bilayer is a common feature observed in cancer cells. We utilized the natural immune receptor TIM-4 to interrogate for loss of plasma membrane phospholipid polarity in primary acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) samples. We performed FACs analysis in 33 patients and correlated TIM-4-L expression frequency and intensity with molecular disease characteristics. In normal tissues, TIM-4-L is confined to the internal leaflet of the plasma membrane. By contrast, 86% of untreated AML blasts in our analysis displayed upregulation of cell surface TIM-4-L. These observations were agnostic to AML genetic classification, as samples with mutations in TP53, ASXL1, and RUNX1, also displayed TIM-4-L upregulation similar to that seen in favorable and intermediate subtypes. This TIM-4-L dysregulation was also stably present in both Kasumi-1 and MV-4-11 AML cell lines. To evaluate the potential of upregulated TIM-4-L to serve as a target for adoptive T cell therapy (ACT), we constructed TIM-4-L-directed engineered T cells, which demonstrated potent anti-leukemic effects, effectively eliminating AML cell lines both in vitro and in vivo. This approach led to the eradication of AML cells across a range of endogenous TIM-4-L expression levels. These results highlight TIM-4-L as a highly prevalent and novel target for T cell-based therapy in AML. Further investigations into the role of TIM-4-L in AML pathogenesis and its potential as an anti-leukemic target for clinical development are warranted.
Localized synthesis of molecular chaperones sustains neuronal proteostasis

Neurons are challenged to maintain proteostasis in neuronal projections, particularly with the physiological stress at synapses to support intercellular communication underlying important functions such as memory and movement control. Proteostasis is maintained through regulated protein synthesis and degradation and chaperone-assisted protein folding. Using high-resolution fluorescent microscopy, we discovered that neurons localize a subset of chaperone mRNAs to their dendrites, particularly more proximal regions, and increase this asymmetric localization following proteotoxic stress through microtubule-based transport from the soma. The most abundant chaperone mRNA in dendrites encodes the constitutive heat shock protein 70, HSPA8. Proteotoxic stress in cultured neurons, induced by inhibiting proteasome activity or inducing oxidative stress, enhanced transport of Hspa8 mRNAs to dendrites and the percentage of mRNAs engaged in translation on mono and polyribosomes. Knocking down the ALS-related protein Fused in Sarcoma (FUS) and a dominant mutation in the heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (HNRNPA2B1) impaired stress-mediated localization of Hspa8 mRNA to dendrites in cultured murine motor neurons and human iPSC-derived neurons, respectively, revealing the importance of these RNA-binding proteins in maintaining proteostasis. These results reveal the increased dendritic localization and translation of the constitutive HSP70 Hspa8 mRNA as a crucial neuronal stress response to uphold proteostasis and prevent neurodegeneration. SUMMARY Localizing chaperones’ mRNAs in neuronal dendrites is a novel on-demand system to uphold proteostasis upon stress.
Photodegradation kinetics of alkyd paints: the in�uence of varying amounts of inorganic pigments on the stability of the synthetic binder

Nowadays, understanding the degradation processes of artworks exposed to outdoor conditions is essential in order to conserve these objects. In fact, the continuous climate changes risk to increasingly affecting their chemical-physical stability, especially for modern and contemporary ones. For this purpose, in this study, the kinetics of photo-oxidation processes occurring in synthetic binders and their stability in mixtures with different inorganic pigments were investigated. The aim was not only to characterize the different degradation reactions over time but to study the photodegradation kinetics according to the different pigments and pigment/binder ratio (P/BM) chosen. A total of 9 paint samples were prepared by mixing the inorganic pigments (arti�cial ultramarine blue, hydrated chromium oxide green, and cadmium yellow) with alkyd resin, in three different pigment/binder (P/BM) ratios: 1:2, 1:3, and 1:6. The paint samples were exposed to arti�cial sunlight for up to 1008 h, documented by optical 3D microscopy and analysed by Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and colourimetry every 168 hours. The results obtained demonstrate that the degradation processes of alkyd resin are in�uenced by the different inorganic pigment used and its amount/concentration in the mixtures. Evaluation of these different deterioration mechanisms took into account the morphological/colour changes, the chemical reactions, and the physical properties of the materials. This study should contribute to the �eld of conservation-restoration, such as �nding protection strategies for surfaces from degradation agents.
Peculiarities of macrozoobenthos in the offshore zone of a small artificial post-gravel pit reservoir

Abstract The offshore macrozoobenthos and selected environmental parameters were studied in a small artificial reservoir, created through sand and gravel extraction. The results are rather surprising. Despite the shallow depth and good wind exposure of the reservoir, a thermal and oxygen stratification developed in the summer, causing hypoxic conditions near the bottom, even though the organic matter content in the sediments was <5%. Furthermore, despite the high fish abundance, chaoborids prevailed in zoobenthos, while Tanytarsus sp. and Chironomus sp. co-dominated among chironomids. This study attempts to explain the observed phenomena, though the presented hypotheses still need further confirmation.
Design of a geodetic database and associated tools for monitoring rock-slope movements: the example of the top of Randa rockfall scar

Abstract. The need for monitoring slope movements increases with the increasing need for new areas to inhabit and new land management requirements. Rock-slope monitoring implies the use of a database, but also the use of other tools to facilitate the analysis of movements. The experience and the philosophy of monitoring the top of the Randa rockfall scar which is sliding down into the valley near Randa village in Switzerland are presented. The database includes data correction tools, display facilities and information about benchmarks. Tools for analysing the movement acceleration and spatial changes and forecasting movement are also presented. Using the database and its tools it was possible to discriminate errors from critical slope movement. This demonstrates the efficiency of these tools in monitoring the Randa scar.
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Long-term Climatology of Air Mass Transport through the Tropical Tropopause Layer (ttl) during Nh Winter

A long-term climatology of air mass transport through the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) is presented, covering the period from 1962–2005. The transport through the TTL is calculated with a Lagrangian approach using ra-diative heating rates as vertical velocities in an isentropic tra-jectory model. We demonstrate the improved performance of such an approach compared to previous studies using vertical winds from meteorological analyses. Within the upper part of the TTL, the averaged diabatic ascent is 0.5 K/day during Northern Hemisphere (NH) winters 1992–2001. Climatolog-ical maps show a cooling and strengthening of this part of the residual circulation during the 1990s and early 2000s compared to the long-term mean. Lagrangian cold point (LCP) fields show systematic differences for varying time periods and natural forcing components. The interannual variability of LCP temperature and density fields is found to be influenced by volcanic eruptions, El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) and the solar cycle. The coldest and driest TTL is reached during QBO easterly phase and La Niña over the western Pacific, whereas during volcanic eruptions, El Niño and QBO westerly phase it is warmer and less dry.
Radar anisotropy of sea ice due to preferred azimuthal orientation of the horizontal c axes of ice crystals

Results of impulse radar, ice crystal c axis, and subice current measurements on the fast ice near Narwhal Island, Alaska, are presented. The crystal structure of the ice was found to have a horizontal crystal c axis with a preferred azimuthal orientation. This orientation was found to align with the direction of the current at the ice-water interface. Impulse radar reflection measurements revealed that the preferred orientation of the sea ice crystal structure behaved as a microwave polarizer. It was observed that when the antenna E field was oriented parallel with the c axis of the crystal platelets, a strong reflection of the radar signal from the bottom of the ice was obtained. However, when the antenna E field was oriented perpendicular to the c axis, no bottom reflection was detected. The results of this study fully support earlier reports of sea ice inhomogeneity and anisotropy in reference to both structure and electromagnetic energy transmission.
Changes in Antidepressant Use by Young People and Suicidal Behavior after Fda Warnings and Media Coverage: Quasi- Experimental Study Changes in Antidepressant Use by Young People and Suicidal Behavior after Fda Warnings and Media Coverage: Quasi-experimental Study Open Access

The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. et al. 2014. " Changes in antidepressant use by young people and suicidal behavior after FDA warnings and media coverage: quasi-experimental study. " BMJ : British Medical Journal 348 (1): g3596. doi:10.1136/bmj.g3596.
Factors Affecting the Health of Public Banking Companies in Indonesia

This study aims to ﬁnd out and examine the inﬂuence of ﬁnancial factors (Firm Size, Investment Performance, Operating Margin, Price Earning Ratio, Surplus Growth, and Liquidity) on the health of open government banking companies in Indonesia. The population of this study was as many as ﬁve open government banking companies in Indonesia, namely PT. BRI Tbk, PT. BMRI Tbk, PT. BNI Tbk, PT. And BTN Tbk,. Samples have been selected using the purposive sampling method totaling ﬁve companies with 40 analysis units (2012 – 2021). The data were processed using multiple linear regression tests for the ﬁrst hypothesis and residual tests for the second hypothesis using the Eviews Application. The effect of this study shows that the speculation of monetary elements (Firm Size, Investment Performance, Operating Margin, Price Earning Ratio, Sur-plus Growth, and Liquidity) have a widespread effect on the ﬁnancial health of banking companies.
and Transfusion Anemia after Bone Marrow Transplantation Alterations in Children with Sickle Cell Cerebral Blood Flow and Marrow Diffusion

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Hematopoietic marrow hyperplasia and hyperperfusion are compensatory mechanisms in sickle cell anemia. We have observed marrow diffusion and arterial spin-labeling perfusion changes in sickle cell anemia following bone marrow transplantation.Weaimedtocomparearterialspin-labelingperfusionandmarrowdiffusion/ADCvaluesinpatientswithsicklecellanemia before and after bone marrow transplantation or transfusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed brain MRIs from patients with sickle cell anemia obtained during 6 consecutive years at a children’shospital.Quantitativemarrowdiffusionvalueswereprocuredfromtheoccipitalandsphenoidbones. Pseudocontinuousarterial spin-labeling perfusion values (milliliters/100 g of tissue/min) of MCA, anterior cerebral artery, and posterior cerebral artery territories were determined. Territorial CBF, whole-brain average CBF, and marrow ADC values were compared for changes before and after either bone marrow transplantation or transfusion. Bone marrow transplantation and transfusion groups were compared. Two-tailed paired and unpaired Student t tests were used; P (cid:2) . 05 was considered signiﬁcant. RESULTS: Fifty-three examinations from 17 patients with bone marrow transplantation and 29 examinations from 9 patients with transfusion were included. ADC values signiﬁcantly increased in the sphenoid and occipital marrow following bone marrow transplantation in contrast to patients with transfusion ( P (cid:3) . 83). Whole-brain mean CBF signiﬁcantly decreased following bone marrow transplantation (77.39 (cid:4) 13.78 to 60.39 (cid:4) 13.62 ml/100 g tissue/min; P (cid:2) . 001), without signiﬁcant change thereafter. CBF did not signiﬁcantly change followingtheﬁrst(81.11 (cid:4) 12.23to80. 25 (cid:4) 8.27ml/100gtissue/min; P (cid:5) . 47)orsubsequenttransfusions. Therewasnosigniﬁcantdifference in mean CBF between groups before intervention ( P (cid:5) . 22). CONCLUSIONS: Improved CBF and marrow diffusion eventuate following bone marrow transplantation in children with sickle cell anemia in contrast to transfusion therapy.
COMPARISON OF SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES, RANDOM FOREST AND DECISION TREE METHODS FOR CLASSIFICATION OF SENTINEL - 2A IMAGE USING DIFFERENT BAND COMBINATIONS

: Classification of remotely sensed images is a prerequisite for many earth observation studies including change detection, yield forecast and water quality analysis. Recent studies showed that machine learning algorithms used for the classification of satellite image high accurate results. In this study, three popular machine learning algorithms namely, random forest (RF), support vector machines (SVM) and decision tree (DT) classifiers were utilized considering three datasets that comprise different band combinations of a Sentinel-2A image. These datasets consist of five, seven and eleven bands containing an image of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). In the classification process, six land use/cover classes covering the bulk of the study area were determined as forest, grass, asphalt road, soil and bare area, urban and water. In the classification stage, 700 pixels for training and 300 pixels for testing were selected for each class to avoid possible bias among the classes. Classification resulted revealed that SVM classifier produced the best accuracy results for all three datasets. The highest accuracy (95.17%) was achieved with SVM classifier using the 11-band combination dataset. The combinations containing high spatial resolution bands provided higher accuracies. Moreover, McNemar’s test was applied to analyze statistical significance of classifier performances for the datasets. Also F-score test was applied for all class to evaluate classification accuracy results. The results indicated that the differences between the performances were statistically significant except for SVM and RF using 7-band and 11-band combinations. To sum up, the efficiency of the machine learning algorithms applied in this study were all found effective in classification of Sentinel-2A imagery.
Anisotropic finite‐difference traveltimes using a Hamilton‐Jacobi solver

Van Trier and Symes (1991) introduced a simple method for calculating first-arrival traveltimes based on recasting the eikonal equation in flux-conservative form. In that form, the eikonal equation can be efficiently solved using the first-order Engquist-Osher scheme (Engquist and Osher, 1980). Dellinger (1991b) later showed how to generalize their method to allow for transverse isotropy aligned with Cartesian coordinate axes. Unfortunately, the method does not easily generalize to allow general anisotropy, high-order numerical accuracy, or threedimensional propagation.