Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Agency and communion as fundamental dimensions of social judgment – and Bogdan Wojciszke’s brilliant idea on perspective

The fundamental dimensions of social judgment and social evaluation, called agency and communion, are overarching constructs in many fields of psychology. Agency is related to goal-striving and “getting ahead”, communion is related to forming bonds and “getting along”. These dimensions are used both to interpret behaviors, and to evaluate targets. Bogdan Wojciszke was the first to relate these dimensions to perspective, and to show that the perspective of an actor is more closely related to agency, whereas the perspective of an observer is more closely related to communion. The “Dual Perspective Model” combines the fundamental dimensions of social judgment and evaluation with perspective and leads to a number of far-reaching hypotheses on social interactions. The model has inspired research in diverse areas of psychology, such as evaluation of brands, stereotypes of groups, evaluation of political leaders, gender research, social desirability research, self-evaluation, bodily posture in social interaction, to name just a few. It has been further developed to a broad-ranging theory applicable to many phenomena in (social) psychology. Bogdan Wojciszke lives his ideals and it is a pleasure and an honor to cooperate with him.
Gaussian Mixture Reduction for Tracking Multiple Maneuvering Targets in Clutter

Abstract : The problem of tracking multiple maneuvering targets in clutter naturally leads to a Gaussian mixture representation of the Provability Density Function (PDF) of the target state vector. State-of-the-art Multiple Hypothesis Tracking (MHT) techniques maintain the mean, covariance and probability weight corresponding to each hypothesis, yet they rely on ad hoc merging and pruning rules to control the growth of hypotheses.
Understanding democratic conflicts: The failures of agonistic theory

Western democracies experience profound conflicts that induce concerns about polarization and social cohesion. Yet although conflicts are a core feature of democracies, the forms, functions, and dynamics of democratic conflicts have rarely been subject of political theory. This paper aims at furthering our understanding of democratic conflicts. It analyzes the theory of conflict in Mouffe's agonistic pluralism, confronts it with sociological conflict theory, and presents concrete points of departure for a more comprehensive theory of democratic conflicts. The paper, thus, contributes to two lines of research: (1) Regarding agonistic theories, the paper shows that agonistic pluralism fails to provide a convincing theory of conflict since it underestimates the mechanisms and effects of conflict dynamics (e.g. intergroup cohesion, intragroup conflict, domination, and escalation) and fails to account for the variety of conflict interactions. Proponents of agonistic pluralism should therefore invest more into clarifying their core concept. (2) For a general account of democratic conflicts, the paper proposes to pursue interdisciplinary research on the cognitive concepts shaping conflict interactions, the linked practices of conflict regulation, and the processual dynamics of conflicts.
A DEEP NEAR-INFRARED SURVEY TOWARD THE AQUILA MOLECULAR CLOUD. I. MOLECULAR HYDROGEN OUTFLOWS

We have performed an unbiased, deep near-infrared survey toward the Aquila molecular cloud with a sky coverage of ∼1 deg2. We identified 45 molecular hydrogen emission-line objects (MHOs), of which only 11 were previously known. Using the Spitzer archival data, we also identified 802 young stellar objects (YSOs) in this region. Based on the morphology and the location of MHOs and YSO candidates, we associate 43 MHOs with 40 YSO candidates. The distribution of jet length shows an exponential decrease in the number of outflows with increasing length, and the molecular hydrogen outflows seem to be oriented randomly. Moreover, there is no obvious correlation between jet lengths, jet opening angles, or jet H 2 1 − 0 S ( 1 ) ? > luminosities and the spectral indices of the possible driving sources in this region. We also suggest that molecular hydrogen outflows in the Aquila molecular cloud are rather weak sources of turbulence, unlikely to generate the observed velocity dispersion in the region of survey.
Fundamentals of Aerodynamics

TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface to the Fifth Edition Part 1: Fundamental Principles 1. Aerodynamics: Some Introductory Thoughts 2. Aerodynamics: Some Fundamental Principles and Equations Part 2: Inviscid, Incompressible Flow 3. Fundamentals of Inviscid, Incompressible Flow 4. Incompressible Flow Over Airfoils 5. Incompressible Flow Over Finite Wings 6. Three-Dimensional Incompressible Flow Part 3: Inviscid, Compressible Flow 7. Compressible Flow: Some Preliminary Aspects 8. Normal Shock Waves and Related Topics 9. Oblique Shock and Expansion Waves 10. Compressible Flow Through Nozzles, Diffusers and Wind Tunnels 11. Subsonic Compressible Flow Over Airfoils: Linear Theory 12. Linearized Supersonic Flow 13. Introduction to Numerical Techniques for Nonlinear Supersonic Flow 14. Elements of Hypersonic Flow Part 4: Viscous Flow 15. Introduction to the Fundamental Principles and Equations of Viscous Flow 16. A Special Case: Couette Flow 17. Introduction to Boundary Layers 18. Laminar Boundary Layers 19. Turbulent Boundary Layers 20. Navier-Stokes Solutions: Some Examples Appendix A: Isentropic Flow Properties Appendix B: Normal Shock Properties Appendix C: Prandtl-Meyer Function and Mach Angle Appendix D: Standard Atmosphere Bibliography Index
TRACING BRIGHT AND DARK SIDES OF THE UNIVERSE WITH X-RAY OBSERVATIONS

X-ray observations of galaxy clusters have played an important role in cosmology, especially in determining the cosmological density parameter and the fluctuation amplitude. While they represent the bright side of the universe together with the other probes including the cosmic microwave background and the Type Ia supernovae, the resulting information clearly indicates that the universe is dominated by dark components. Even most of cosmic baryons turns out to be dark. In order to elucidate the nature of dark baryons, we propose a dedicated soft-X-ray mission, DIOS (Diffuse Intergalactic Oxygen Surveyor). Recent numerical simulations suggest that approximately 30 to 50 percent of total baryons at z
Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival and Axon Regeneration after Optic Nerve Injury: Role of Inflammation and Other Factors

The optic nerve, like most pathways in the mature central nervous system, cannot regenerate if injured, and within days, retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), the neurons that extend axons through the optic nerve, begin to die. Thus, there are few clinical options to improve vision after traumatic or ischemic optic nerve injury or in neurodegenerative diseases such as glaucoma, dominant optic neuropathy, or optic pathway gliomas. Research over the past two decades has identified several strategies to enable RGCs to regenerate axons the entire length of the optic nerve, in some cases leading to modest reinnervation of di- and mesencephalic visual relay centers. This review primarily focuses on the role of the innate immune system in improving RGC survival and axon regeneration, and its synergy with manipulations of signal transduction pathways, transcription factors, and cell-extrinsic suppressors of axon growth. Research in this field provides hope that clinically effective strategies to improve vision in patients with currently untreatable losses could become a reality in 5–10 years.
The Minimum Rank of Schemes on Graphs

The Minimum Rank of Schemes on Graphs William Nelson Sexton Department of Mathematics, BYU Master of Science Let G be an undirected graph on n vertices and let S(G) be the class of all real-valued symmetric n× n matrices whose nonzero off-diagonal entries occur in exactly the positions corresponding to the edges of G. Let V = {1, 2, . , n} be the vertex set of G. A scheme on G is a function f : V → {0, 1}. Given a scheme f on G, there is an associated class of matrices Sf (G) = {A ∈ S(G)|aii = 0 if and only if f(i) = 0}. A scheme f is said to be constructible if there exists a matrix A ∈ Sf (G) with rankA = min{rankM |M ∈ S(G)}. We explore properties of constructible schemes and give a complete classification of which schemes are constructible for paths and cycles. We also consider schemes on complete graphs and show the existence of a graph for which every possible scheme is constructible.
Hemivariational Inequalities: Applications in Mechanics and Engineering

The aim of this text is the formulation, mathematical study and numerical treatment of static and dynamic problems in mechanical and engineering sciences involving nonconvex and nonsmooth energy functions, or nonmonotone and multivalued stress-strain laws. Such problems lead to a new type of variational forms, the hemivariational inequalities, which also lead to multivalued differential or integral equations. Innovative numerical methods are presented for the treatment of realistic engineering problems. The text deals with the variational theory of engineering problems involving nonmonotone multivalue relations, their mechanical foundation, their mathematical study (existence and certain approximation results) and the corresponding eigenvalue and optimal control problems. All the numerical applications give innovative answers to as yet unsolved or partially solved engineering problems, such as the adhesive contact in cracks, the delamination problem, the sawtooth stress-strain laws in composites, the shear connectors in composite beams, the semirigid connections in steel structures, the adhesive grasping in robotics, etc. The book closes with a consideration of hemivariational inequalities for fractal type geometries and with the neural network approach to the numerical treatment of hemivariational inequalities.
The Entrepreneurial Perspective in Impact Investing Research: A Research Agenda

The Covid-19 pandemic, climate crises, and regulatory changes are only a few reasons for the growing public alertness regarding environmental and social problems. This has caused a shift in the mindset of companies and investors in terms of sustainability and the long-term impact of innovation. Thus, sustainable investments, particularly impact investments, have continued to grow in importance and momentum to shift the focus on rebuilding the economy more sustainable and future-oriented. The current state of research in this field indicates that most academic contributions are mainly about theoretical considerations and deal with various areas. There is no aggregated state of the art in academia with a focus point on impact investment for entrepreneurship. Yet, entrepreneurs are seen as key actors to drive sustainable innovation. Compared to the current growing impact investment practices and the necessity of a strategy to get financing, the topic is still relatively unexplored scientifically. In this research, a systematic literature review is conducted to further review, evaluate, and analyze the current research agenda on impact investment and show how it relates to entrepreneurship research. In particular, impact investment-related decision criteria, as well as challenges associated with this, will be presented. This contributes to the nascent literature on impact investing by documenting how impact investors stand in relation to entrepreneurial ventures and what measurement frameworks and models are already scientifically analyzed, which has practical implications for both impact investors and entrepreneurs.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA REGULASI DIRI DENGAN KECEMASAN JAUH DARI SMARTPHONE PADA SISWA KELAS XI SMAN 1 TENGARAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji hubungan antara regulasi diri dengan kecemasan jauh dari smartphone pada siswa kelas XI SMAN 1 Tengaran. Kecemasan jauh dari smartphone adalah kondisi cemas dan ketakutan jika individu jauh dari smartphone miliknya. Regulasi diri yaitu pengandalian perilaku, perasaan, dan pikiran agar sesuai dengan target pencapaiannya, dan mengevaluasi perilakunya agar sesuai dengan standar hidupnya. Populasi dalam penelitian ini sejumlah 393 siswa dengan jumlah sampel penelitian berjumlah 186 siswa. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah cluster random sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua skala sebagai alat ukur, yaitu Skala Regulasi Diri (26 aitem valid, α = 0,845) dan Skala Kecemasan Jauh dari Smartphone (36 aitem valid, α = 0,928). Hasil analisis data menggunakan analisis Spearman Rho, hasil analisis menunjukkan koefesien korelasi rxy = -0,018 dengan tingkat signifikansi p = 0,812, artinya terdapat hubungan negatif yang tidak signifikan antara regulasi diri dengan kecemasan jauh dari smartphone pada siswa kelas XI SMAN 1 Tengaran. Penelitian ini menjadi bahan pertimbangan untuk penelitian selanjutnya dengan subjek yang lebih luas dengan mempertimbangkan faktor lain yang berpengaruh pada kecemasan jauh smartphone.
Multinomial Kernel Logistic Regression via Bound Optimization Approach

Multinomial logistic regression is probably the most popular representative of probabilistic discriminative classifiers for multiclass classification problems. In this paper, a kernel variant of multinomial logistic regression is proposed by combining a Newton's method with a bound optimization approach. This formulation allows us to apply highly efficient approximation methods that effectively overcomes conceptual and numerical problems of standard multiclass kernel classifiers. We also provide the approximate cross validation (ACV) method for choosing the hyperparameters which affect the performance of the proposed approach. Experimental results are then presented to indicate the performance of the proposed procedure.
Insinuation of Extrapolative Factors of Diagnostic Importance in Breast Cancer Patients Experiencing Thyroid Dysfunction

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy in women and now regarded as the commonest cancer overall. Over 2 million new cases were diagnosed in 2018, accounting for almost 25% of cancer cases among women. The main objective of the study is to find the insinuation of extrapolative factors of diagnostic importance in breast cancer patients experiencing thyroid dysfunction. Materials and methods: This correlational study was conducted on Jinnah Hospital patients with the permission of ethical committee of the hospital and consent of the patients. The data was collected from 88 cases and 50 controls. All the patients who had a definite diagnosis of BC along with, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), or thyroid cancer were included in this study. The study population was divided into three comparative groups: (1) controls (n = 50), (2) BC cases with hypothyroidism (n = 27), and (3) BC cases with hyperthyroidism (n = 61). Results: The mean age was 47.325±4.59 years for controls, 51.59±8.59 years for the hypothyroid cases, and 50.59±5.58 years for the hyperthyroid cases. The mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) for controls, hypothyroid and hyperthyroid was 121.25±6.58 mmHg, 98.259±8.59 mmHg and 129.65±7.59 mmHg respectively. The P-values less than 0.05 were considered to be significant (table 01). The demographic and hematological data of control, hypothyroid and hyperthyroid groups was tabulated. A positive correlation of breast cancer in women with hyperthyroidism and a slightly negative correlation in women with hypothyroidism was found. Conclusion: There appears to be an association between the thyroid function level and breast cancer risk. It can be extrapolated that anxiety associated with hyperthyroidism may play a role in stress induced BC. Therefore, thyroid function should be monitored in patients at risk of BC. Keyword: Breast cancer, Thyroid, Dysfunction, Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism, Anxiety.
How Far is JD.com from Making Profits under the Financial Analysis Business Model of Self-support and Heavy Property Business?

With the rapid development of the Internet, China has become the world's largest Internet country. More and more people have accepted online shopping as a new way of lifestyle. China also has the most online customers. By March 2020, the number of daily active Internet users had reached 700 million, an increase of 100 million from 2018, according to CNNIC. As one of the leading companies in the online shopping industry, JD.com attracts billions of people every day, making it one of the world's top 500 companies. As Fortune shows, JD.com ranked 59th on the 2021 Fortune 500 list. However, statistics also show that JD.com is losing money every year. Compared with Alibaba, JD.com has adopted a self-operated, realty-focused business model, forming a profitable process. Now, however, JD.com is facing its old rival Alibaba and its new rival Pinduoduo, which has been popular since 2018. How long can JD continue with this business model? How far is JD from profitability? This paper will discuss the financial status of JD.com in the self-support and heavy property business model, which makes low profit and analysis the financial outcome. We will analyze the accounting results and financial results. We will use the balance sheet, profit statement, and cash flow statement in terms of accounting results to analyze Jingdong under the Harvard analysis framework. Based on the financial results, we will analyze Jingdong Group from four aspects: debt solvency, profitability, operating ability and development ability. Then, this paper will put forward suggestions and prospects.
Assessment of Zinc-Bound Phosphate-Based Glass-Coated Denture-Relining Material with Antifungal Efficacy for Inhibiting Denture Stomatitis

This study investigated the surface properties, biocompatibility, and antifungal activity against Candida albicans of a denture-relining material coated with zinc-bound phosphate-based glass. First, zinc-bound phosphate-based glass was fabricated. A polymerized denture-relining disk was coated with zinc-bound phosphate-based glass (2%, 4%, and 6%). The surface properties of the control and experimental groups were measured, including the wettability, microhardness, color difference, and gloss. The biocompatibility was evaluated using the MTT assay according to ISO 10993-5. The antifungal activity was investigated by counting the number of colony-forming units of Candida albicans. The results were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p = 0.05). The results of this study indicate that, despite the antimicrobial effect of zinc-bound phosphate-based glass, a coated denture-relining material does not degrade the surface properties and biocompatibility. Therefore, this novel material is considered promising for use as a dental material with antimicrobial properties that can potentially prevent denture stomatitis.
Bayesian Inversion of Well Log Data into Facies Units based on a Spatially Coupled Model

Through a study of cored wells from the Statfjord Formation in the Tampen Area, we derive a spatially coupled classification model for facies units. We consider a Bayesian framework for the problem. A likelihood model is defined from the log-response of the formation, where response from neighbour observations are considered. A first order Markov chain prior model is estimated from the cores. From the posterior pdf, the marginal maximum posterior solution can be calculated and simulations can be generated. Since the posterior pdf can be factorized, it can be calculated by a recursive Forward-Backward algorithm for hidden Markov models. The classification model is complex, and if the model assumptions does not coincides with the underlying model, the classification might give poor results due to the large number of estimated model parameters. The results from the classification of a blind well were not as good as we expected, but gave good results for the small classes, compared to a classification model without spatial coupling.
Combination of Caloric Restriction and a Mixed Training Protocol as an Effective Strategy to Counteract the Deleterious Effects in Trabecular Bone Microarchitecture Caused by a Diet-Induced Obesity in Sprague Dawley Rats

The association of obesity with changes in bone mass is not clear. Obese individuals tend to have an increased bone mineral density, but other studies have shown that obesity is a major risk factor for fractures. The mechanisms of bone response during a weight loss therapy as well as the possible osteoprotective effect of exercise should be analyzed. The aim of this study was to test the effects of a weight-loss program based on the combination of caloric restriction and/or a mixed training protocol on different parameters of bone morphology and functionality in a DIO rat model. Three stages were established over a 21-week period (obesity induction 0–12 w, weight loss intervention 12–15 w, weight maintenance intervention 15–21 w) in 88 male Sprague Dawley rats. Bone microarchitecture, total mineral and elemental composition, and bone metabolism parameters were assessed. Weight loss interventions were associated to healthy changes in body composition, decreasing body fat and increasing lean body mass. On the other hand, obesity was related to a higher content of bone resorption and inflammatory markers, which was decreased by the weight control interventions. Caloric restriction led to marked changes in trabecular microarchitecture, with a significant decrease in total volume but no changes in bone volume (BV). In addition, the intervention diet caused an increase in trabeculae number and a decrease in trabecular spacing. The training protocol increased the pore diameter and reversed the changes in cortical porosity and density of BV induced by the high protein diet at diaphysis level. Regarding the weight-maintenance stage, diminished SMI values indicate the presence of more plate-like spongiosa in sedentary and exercise groups. In conclusion, the lifestyle interventions of caloric restriction and mixed training protocol implemented as weight loss strategies have been effective to counteract some of the deleterious effects caused by a dietary induction of obesity, specifically in trabecular bone morphometric parameters as well as bone mineral content.
Discretising geometry and preserving topology I: A discrete exterior calculus

A discretisation scheme that preserves topological features of a physical problem is extended so that differential geometric structures can be approximated in a consistent way thus giving access to the study of physical systems which are not solely topological theories. Issues of convergence and a numerical implementation are discussed. The follow-up article covers the resulting discretisation scheme with metric data.
Influence of organic foliar application in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under rainfed condition

An experiment was carried out to study the effect of foliar nutrition in chickpea through organics under rainfed condition in medium black soils at Agricultural College Vijayapura. There were fifteen treatment combinations, consisting of five organic sources in main plots and three stage of application in sub plots laid out in split plot design with three replications. The results showed that the foliar application of jeevamrutha @ 25% both at pre-flowering and at pod initiation stages recorded considerably more number of pods plant -1 (46.5), grain weight plant -1 (9.45 g), grain yield (2198 kg ha -1 ), haulm yield (2954 kg ha -1 ), higher net returns ( 73,619 ha -1 ) and BC ratio (3.74). The foliar application of either jeevamrutha @ 25% or cow urine @ 10% both at pre-flowering and at pod initiation stages helped to increase growth and yield parameters, seed yield and maximum profit and benefit cost ratio in chickpea.
Röver's Simple Group Is of Type $F_\infty$

We prove that Claas Rover's Thompson-Grigorchuk simple group V G has type F∞. The proof involves constructing two complexes on which V G acts: a simplicial complex analogous to the Stein complex for V , and a polysimplicial complex analogous to the Farley complex for V . We then analyze the descending links of the polysimplicial complex, using a theorem of Belk and Forrest to prove increasing connectivity.