Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using Enriched Category Theory to Construct the Nearest Neighbour Classification Algorithm

Exploring whether Enriched Category Theory could provide the foundation of an alternative approach to Machine Learning. This paper is the first to construct and motivate a Machine Learning algorithm solely with Enriched Category Theory. In order to supplement evidence that Category Theory can be used to motivate robust and explainable algorithms, it is shown that a series of reasonable assumptions about a dataset lead to the construction of the Nearest Neighbours Algorithm. In particular, as an extension of the original dataset using profunctors in the category of Lawvere metric spaces. This leads to a definition of an Enriched Nearest Neighbours Algorithm, which consequently also produces an enriched form of the Voronoi diagram. This paper is intended to be accessible without any knowledge of Category Theory
Behavioural pseudometrics for continuous-time diffusions

Bisimulation is a concept that captures behavioural equivalence of states in a variety of types of transition systems. It has been widely studied in a discrete-time setting where the notion of a step is fundamental. In our setting we are considering"flow"-processes emphasizing that they evolve in continuous time. In such continuous-time settings, the concepts are not straightforward adaptations of their discrete-time analogues and we restrict our study to diffusions that do not lose mass over time and with additional regularity constraints. In previous work we proposed different definitions of behavioural equivalences for continuous-time stochastic processes where the evolution is a flow through time. That work only addressed equivalences. In this work, we aim at quantifying how differently processes behave. We present two pseudometrics for diffusion-like processes. These pseudometrics are fixpoints of two different functionals on the space of 1-bounded pseudometrics on the state space. We also characterize these pseudometrics in terms of real-valued modal logics; this is a quantitative analogue of the notion of logical characterization of bisimulation. These real-valued modal logics indicate that the two pseudometrics are different and thus yield different notions of behavioural equivalence.
Sharp inequality for $\ell_p$ quasi-norm and $\ell_q$-norm with $01$

A sharp inequality for $\ell_p$ quasi-norm with $01$ is derived, which shows that the difference between $\|\textbf{\textit{x}}\|_p$ and $\|\textbf{\textit{x}}\|_q$ of an $n$-dimensional signal $\textbf{\textit{x}}$ is upper bounded by the difference between the maximum and minimum absolute value in $\textbf{\textit{x}}$. The inequality could be used to develop new $\ell_p$-minimization algorithms.
Clinical Outcome of Monochorionic Diamniotic Twins with Intrauterine Growth Restriction

Abstract Objective This study investigated the clinical outcome of monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twins with selective intrauterine growth restriction (sIUGR). Study Design International Peace Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Shanghai ultrasound database was investigated to identify all MCDA delivered from January 2013 to December 2017. After identifying 43 pairs of MCDA twins with sIUGR and 282 pairs of normal MCDA twins, we compared clinical outcomes between the two groups. Results Compared with normal twins, sIUGR fetuses had significantly shorter gestational age at delivery, smaller average birth weight of both twins, more significant intertwin difference in birth weight, lower Apgar scores, and higher intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD) rate, and smaller placental weight. The rate of abnormal umbilical cord insertions and abnormal blood flow in the ductus venosus (DV) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) is significantly higher in the sIUGR group. In addition, the subtype analysis of sIUGR groups indicated the poorest outcomes in type II with no significant difference between type I and III. Conclusion MCDA twins with sIUGR generally exhibited limited clinical outcomes than normal MCDA twins. These limitations are mainly associated with abnormal umbilical cord insertions and blood flow in the DV and MCA. Clinical outcomes differed among the three types of sIUGR, with type II having the worst prognosis and the highest IUFD rate. Key points sIUGR generally exhibited limited clinical outcomes than normal MCDA twins. These limitations are mainly associated with blood flow of the DV and MCA. sIUGR with type II has the worst prognosis and the highest IUFD rate.
Pharmaceutical Innovation in Latin America and the Caribbean

Abstract This study assesses Latin America and Caribbean countries’ capacity to innovate new pharmaceuticals, defined as developing new drugs and vaccines, repurposing existing drugs, and inventing around patents to produce new drug variations. Vaccine innovation includes reengineering existing vaccines, developing new manufacturing methods, and the clinical development of unapproved vaccine candidates initiated elsewhere.
The early predictive value of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio to hemorrhagic transformation of young acute ischemic stroke

Abstract Background The increasing incidence of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the related factors. Hemorrhagic transformation (HT), a severe complication of AIS, is influenced by platelet-induced inflammation and lymphocyte levels. Objective To measure the predictive value of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in the occurrence of HT in young AIS patients. Methods Data of young AIS patients (n = 157) admitted to the hospital for the first time were retrospectively collected. The patients were divided into HT (63 patients) and non-HT groups (94 patients) on the basis of whether HT had occurred after admission. The National Institute of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) score was used to determine the severity of clinical symptoms. The relationship between PLR and HT and NIHSS scores was analyzed to evaluate the predictive value of PLR in the occurrence of HT using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and area under the curve (AUC). Results Multivariate analysis showed that PLR and NIHSS are independent risk factors of HT. The PLR value of the observation group was positively associated with the NIHSS score (r = 0.8075, P < 0.0001). According to the PLR prediction about the occurrence of HT, an AUC of 0.713 (95% CI, 0.652–0.781), a cut-off value of 109.073, and a sensitivity and specificity of 0.806 and 0.674, respectively, were obtained. Conclusions PLR value can predict the possibility of HT in young AIS patients to a certain extent. To take effective measures to prevent HT in advance has crucial clinical significance according to PLR value.
Reforestation in Central Europe: lessons from multi-disciplinary field experiments

The aim of this paper is to present some lessons from multi-disciplinary, large-scale and long-term field experiments on reforestation conducted in Central Europe. The first experiment is an afforestation of a snow avalanche catchment observed during 20 years, the second consists of several case studies on windthrow areas observed during 10 to 15 years. The afforestation experiment showed a great impact of the relief on the survival and growth of planted coniferous saplings on sub-alpine sites. It promoted the use of the micro-site concept in mountain forests in general. The windthrow experiments showed a great impact of the pre-storm stand history on forest ecosystem dynamics. In both cases, the results were successfully implemented, despite difficulties to extrapolate the results to other sites and longer time periods. When designing manipulative field studies, differences in scale between sub-processes of interest should be carefully taken into account. To improve the potential for generalising results from field experiments, more use should be made of meta-analytic approaches, and of combining extensively studied field experiments with less extensive research on many areas.
ProHap enables proteomic database generation accounting for population diversity

Amid the advances in genomics, the availability of large reference panels of human haplotypes is key to account for human diversity within and across populations. However, mass spectrometry-based proteomics does not benefit from this information. To address this gap, we introduce ProHap, a Python-based tool that constructs protein sequence databases from phased genotypes of reference panels. ProHap empowers researchers to account for haplotypic diversity in proteomic searches.
A yeast love triangle: multiple hybridizations shape genome evolution in the Pichia cactophila species complex

Hybrids are chimeric organisms carrying genetic material from at least two divergent parental lineages. Hybridization can contribute to the emergence of novel lineages with unique phenotypic traits that may facilitate their adaptation to new environments. In recent years, genomic analyses have revealed the hybrid nature of several opportunistic human pathogenic yeasts. One of them is Candida inconspicua, a member of the Pichia cactophila species complex, for which all sequenced strains are hybrids isolated from Europe with so far unknown parentals. It has been recently proposed that C. inconspicua and P. cactophila s.s. should be ranked as the same species due to their genetic similarity. To obtain a better understanding of the evolution of this clade, we sequenced the genomes of the P. cactophila type strain, of its close-relative Pichia pseudocactophila, and of a putative C. inconspicua clinical isolate from Alaska and compared them with the previously sequenced genomes of Pichia norvegensis, C. inconspicua and the recently described Pichia galeolata. Our results show evidence for the existence of distinct hybrid lineages within this clade and suggest an intricate scenario of recurrent hybridizations in this species complex, some of them giving rise to lineages with the ability to infect humans. Given their different hybridization histories, we propose that C. inconspicua, P. cactophila, and the new clinical isolate from Alaska should represent three distinct species and suggest the name Pichia alaskaensis for the new taxon. Moreover, the name C. inconspicua is recombined in the genus Pichia as P. inconspicua. Our results clarify the evolutionary relationships within the P. cactophila species complex and underscore the importance of non-vertical evolution.
C. elegans Hedgehog-related proteins are tissue- and substructure-specific components of the cuticle and pre-cuticle

In C. elegans, divergent Hedgehog-related (Hh-r) and Patched-related (PTR) proteins promote numerous processes ranging from epithelial and sense organ development to pathogen responses to cuticle shedding during the molt cycle. Here we show that Hh-r proteins are actual components of the cuticle and pre-cuticle apical extracellular matrices (aECMs) that coat, shape, and protect external epithelia. Different Hh-r proteins stably associate with the aECMs of specific tissues and with specific substructures such as furrows and alae. Hh-r mutations can disrupt matrix structure. These results provide a unifying model for the function of nematode Hh-r proteins and highlight ancient connections between Hh proteins and the extracellular matrix.
Tag Anti-collision Algorithm for RFID in Underdetermined States Based on Local Sparse Constraints

For when the number of identification tags is greater than the number of readers, the underdetermined blind separation algorithm separation effect is poor and the RFID system reading speed is slow, this paper proposes a tag anti-collision algorithm for RFID in underdetermined state based on L2,1 norm and local sparse constraints. To obtain sparse encoding of RFID signals, the algorithm introduces local coordinate constraints so that each data point is represented as a linear combination of several anchor points in the vicinity, and to maintain the local structure of the data, only a few anchor points close to the data point are used to represent the data in order to obtain local geometric similarity properties. Adding L2,1 parametric regularization to the coefficient matrix can induce many rows in V to decrement to zero, while selecting important non-zero features and discarding unimportant ones, thus effectively achieving sparse coding of the source signal with the reconstruction of local geometric properties. The results of simulation showed that in the underdetermined state, the tag anti-collision algorithm for RFID in the underdetermined state based on local sparse constraints proposed in this paper can obtain a more effective signal blind separation effect, which makes the throughput of RFID system greatly improved.
Embryo-restricted responses to maternal IL-17A promote neurodevelopmental disorders in mouse offspring

Prenatal imprinting to interleukin 17A (IL-17A) triggers behavioral disorders in offspring, but reported models lack specificity to elucidate the side of its action and the precise abnormalities it causes. By combining transgenic IL-17A overexpression with maternal deficiency in the receptor for IL-17A, we established a novel model to study embryo-restricted IL-17A responses. We demonstrated IL-17A transfer across the placental barrier and subsequent development of selected behavioral deficits in mouse offspring.
PMP22 associates with MPZ via their transmembrane domains and disrupting this interaction causes a loss-of-function phenotype similar to hereditary neuropathy associated with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP)

PMP22 and MPZ are major myelin proteins in the peripheral nervous system. MPZ is a single pass integral membrane protein with an extracellular immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain and works as an adhesion protein to hold myelin wraps together across the intraperiod line. Loss of MPZ causes severe demyelinating Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) peripheral neuropathy. PMP22 is an integral membrane tetraspan protein belonging to the Claudin superfamily. Homozygous loss of PMP22 also leads to severe demyelinating neuropathy, and duplication of wildtype PMP22 causes the most common form of CMT, CMT1A. Yet the molecular functions provided by PMP22 and how its alteration causes CMT are unknown. Here we find that these abundant myelin proteins form a strong and specific complex. Mutagenesis and domain swapping experiments reveal that these proteins interact through interfaces within their transmembrane domains. We also find that the PMP22 A67T patient variant that causes an HNPP (Hereditary neuropathy with pressure palsies) phenotype, reflecting a heterozygous loss-of-function, maps to this interface. The PMP22 A67T variant results in the specific loss of MPZ association with PMP22 without affecting PMP22 localization to the plasma membrane or its interactions with other proteins. These data define the molecular basis for the MPZ∼PMP22 interaction and indicate that the MPZ∼PMP22 complex fulfills an important function in myelinating cells.
The Effect of Sting Supports on the Base Pressure of a Blunt-Based Body in a Supersonic Stream

Experiments have been made to find the effect of the ratio of sting to base diameter on the base pressure of an axially symmetric body at zero incidence in a supersonic stream. The Mach number of the flow was 1·994 and the model boundary layer was turbulent. The model used was a one inch diameter circular cylinder without boat-tailing. It passed through and was supported upstream of the nozzle throat. This method of support allowed measurements to be made in the important (and hitherto unexplored) case of zero sting diameter. As the sting to base diameter ratio was increased from 0 to 0·85, the base pressure decreased. The minimum value reached was approximately 0·8 of the value it would have at the base of a two-dimensional body with a similar ratio of boundary layer thickness to base height. The base pressure coefficient rose rapidly to zero as the ratio was further increased to unity. Under the conditions of the experiments, with a sting to base diameter ratio of 0·4 the base pressure coefficient differed from that without a sting by approximately ten per cent. With the more modest ratio of 0·2, the difference was approximately three per cent.
Long-term results of radiofrequency ablation for unresectable colorectal liver metastases: a potentially curative intervention.

OBJECTIVE The long-term results and prognostic factors of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for unresectable colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) in a single centre with >10 years of experience were retrospectively analysed. METHODS A total of 100 patients with unresectable colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) (size 0.2-8.3 cm; mean 2.4 cm) underwent a total of 126 RFA sessions (237 lesions). The mean follow-up time was 29 months (range 6-93 months). Lesion characteristics (size, number and location), procedure characteristics (percutaneous or intra-operative approach) and major and minor complications were carefully noted. Local control, mean survival time and recurrence-free and overall survival were statistically analysed. RESULTS No direct procedure-related deaths were observed. Major complications were present in eight patients. Local RFA site recurrence was 12.7% (n = 30/237); for tumour diameters of <3 cm, 3-5 cm and >5 cm, recurrence was 5.6% (n = 8/143), 19.5% (n = 15/77) and 41.2% (n = 7/17), respectively. Centrally located lesions recurred more often than peripheral ones, at 21.4% (n = 21/98) vs 6.5% (n = 9/139), respectively, p = 0.009. Including additional treatments for recurring lesions when feasible, lesion-based local control reached 93%. The mean survival time from RFA was 56 (95% confidence interval (CI) 45-67) months. Overall 1-, 3-, 5- and 8-year survival from RFA was 93%, 77%, 36% and 24%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS RFA for unresectable CRLM is a safe, effective and potentially curative treatment option; the long-term results are comparable with those of previous investigations employing surgical resection. Factors determining success are lesion size, the number of lesions and location.
Dynamic Heterogeneous Link Prediction Based on Hierarchical Attention Model

In the actual world, many networks and graphs are fundamentally dynamic and heterogeneous. They contain many kinds of nodes and relations, and they are evolving with time. However, the majority of conventional link prediction techniques are currently limited to static or homogeneous networks and have the drawbacks of not fully exploiting the networks' time-domain evolutionary information as well as their extensive semantic and structural characteristics. In this paper, we propose a link prediction method (Att-ConvLSTM) that uses hierarchical attention to learn heterogeneous information and combines recurrent neural networks with temporal attention to capture evolutionary patterns. The proposed approach is found to be superior in AUC and Precision after comparison and analysis with various types of link predicting algorithms.
GIS applied to administrative boundary design

The fragmentation of administrative boundaries is a serious problem in the analysis of social, environmental and economic data. This research focuses on the development of a coordinated approach to the design of administrative boundaries that endeavours to support accurate decision making. Around the world, administrative boundaries have been structured in an uncoordinated manner, limiting data exchange and integration between organisations. The solution proposed in this research adopts the hierarchical reorganisation of administrative boundaries to enhance data integration and data exchange within the spatial data infrastructure (SDI) framework.The SDI is an initiative intended to facilitate access to complete and consistent data sets. One of the most fundamental problems restricting the objectives of the SDI is the fragmentation of data between non-coterminous boundary systems. The majority of administrative boundaries have been constructed by individual agencies to meet individual needs. Examples of the proliferation of different boundary systems include postcodes, census-collector districts, health districts and police districts. Due to the lack of coordination between boundary systems, current technologies for analysing spatial data, such as geographic information systems (GIS), are not reaching their full potential. A review of the current literature reveals that, until now, little has been done to solve this problem.The prototype developed within this research provides a new mechanism for the design of administrative boundaries. The prototype incorporates two algorithms. These are based on HSR theory and administrative-agency constraints and are implemented within the GIS environment. Such an approach is an example of the potential that is available when we link spatial information theory with the SDI framework and disciplinary knowledge.
Research on the Influencing Mechanism of Live Broadcasting of Experience Products

As a new form of e-commerce, live broadcasting marketing(LBM) is increasingly favored by enterprises and brands in recent years. The LBM mechanism produced in previous studies can effectively explain about search products, but there is no theoretical mechanism to confirm the LBM of experience products gradually emerging in the current market, such as car test drive, viewing new house online and so on. Therefore, this research introduces the theory of consumer inspiration to discuss the impact of LBM on consumer behavior from the perspectives of content factors and environmental factors. Through the empirical analysis of 331 samples collected in the questionnaire survey, it is found that information satisfaction, interest satisfaction and social presence have significant positive effects on customer inspiration; Interest satisfaction and social presence have significant positive effects on inspiration intention; Inspired-by and Inspired-to play mediating roles and chain mediating roles in some paths. Positive emotional susceptibility plays a positive moderating role in the social presence and consumer inspiration pathways. This research reveals the mechanism of LBM of experience products at the theoretical level, and provides enlightenment for enterprises to optimize the LBM strategies.
A Preliminary Study of N-alkanes in a Sedimentary Core from Chaohu Lake

The core sample was collected in Chaohu Lake in December 2001. The sediment layers were dated by 210Pb. The results show that the sediment core represents 110 years of depositional time. Organic compounds were extracted from sediments using Soxhlet extraction by dichloromethane and methane. The n-alkanes were analyzed by chromatography/mass spectrometry. Distribution patterns of n-alkanes were presented. The sources of n-alkanes were discussed. The results show that from the depth 21 to 25cm and 16 to 20cm n-alkanes was attributed to the mixture of terrestrial plants and aquatic algae; from the depth 11 to 15cm, with sedimentary time of 1952-1967, the sample was contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbon; from the depth 10cm to surface, the source of algae and bacterium dominated n-alkanes, especially the top 5cm sample with high concentration of n-alkanes and TOC, which meant that the nutrient level especially eutrophication was increased in Caohu lake during this stage.