Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance de l’oxymétrie nocturne dans le diagnostic du Syndrome d’apnées Hypopnées Obstructives du sommeil à Kinshasa

Contexte et objectif. La prise en charge d’un patient avec un syndrome d’apnées hypopnées obstructives du sommeil (SAHOS) nécessite l’enregistrement du sommeil qui reste très peu accessibilité en Afrique subsaharienne. La présente étude a évalué la performance de l’oxymétrie nocturne dans le diagnostic du SAHOS à Kinshasa. Méthodes. Dans une étude transversale et analytique, tous les patients à risque de SAHOS ont bénéficié d’une oxymétrie nocturne et d’une polygraphie ventilatoire entre juillet 2021 et mars 2022. La sensibilité (Se), la spécificité (Sp) et les valeurs prédictives positive (VPP) et négatives (VPN) de l’oxymétrie nocturne ont été déterminées. La courbe ROC a été rapportée, aire sous la courbe (ASC) calculée, p < 0,05. Résultats. 323 patients ont été inclus (âge moyen de 57,9 ± 13,1 ans avec un sex ratio H/F de 1,5). L’obésité centrale était présente chez 88 %. Le STOP-BANG moyen était de 4,8 ±0,9. Les comorbidités les plus rencontrées étaient l’HTA (58,5%), le diabète sucré (22,6%), la BPCO (9,3%) et l’AVC 2,2%. La Se et Sp étaient respectivement, de 94,4 et 88,9% et ASC à 0, 92. Conclusion. L’oxymétrie nocturne est un examen non invasif d’accès facile ayant une sensibilité et une spécificité élevée dans le diagnostic du SAHOS dans notre milieu. English title: Performance of nocturnal oximetry in the diagnosis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome in Kinshasa Context and objective. Management of a patient with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) needs a sleep recording which is unavailable in sub-Saharan Africa. The present study aimed to evaluate the performance of nocturnal oximetry in the diagnosis of OSAHS in Kinshasa. Methods. In an analytical cross-sectional study, patients at risk of OSAHS underwent nocturnal oximetry and ventilatory polygraphy between July 2021 and March 2022. The sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp) and positive (PPV) and negative (VPN) predictive values of nocturnal oximetry were determined. ROC curve was reported, area under the curve (AUC) calculated, p<0.05. Results. 323 patients were involved (average age of 57.9±13.1 years with a sex ratio M/F of 1.5). Abdominal Obesity was present in 88% of patients. The mean STOPBANG was 4.8 ±0.9. The most common comorbidities were hypertension (58.5%), diabetes mellitus (22.6%), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) (9.3%) and stroke 2.2%. The Se and Sp were 94.4 and 88.9% respectively and AUC was 0.92. Conclusion. Nocturnal oximetry is a non-invasive examination of easy access with high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of OSAHS in our environment. Keywords: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, nocturnal oximetry, ventilatory polygraphy, performance, Kinshasa
Bayesian Approaches to Randomized Trials

Statistical issues in conducting randomized trials include the choice of a sample size, whether to stop a trial early and the appropriate analysis and interpretation of the trial results. At each of these stages, evidence external to the trial is useful, but generally such evidence is introduced in an unstructured and informal manner. We argue that a Bayesian approach allows a formal basis for using external evidence and in addition provides a rational way for dealing with issues such as the ethics of randomization, trials to show treatment equivalence, the monitoring of accumulating data and the prediction of the consequences of continuing a study
New design of the laser megajoule final optics assembly

The Laser MegaJoule (LMJ) final optics assembly: - performs the frequency conversion (from 1053nm to 351nm), - focuses 4 laser beams, - addresses any point of the focal volume. This paper introduces recent studies concerning the new optomechanical design of this system. The following topics are presented: - the new optical frame design - the 3 axis movement system - the interface between the optical Line Replaceable Unit (LRU) and the structure (TTT system) - the principal optic LRU presentation.
Mechanisms of Autoimmune Cell in DA Neuron Apoptosis of Parkinson's Disease: Recent Advancement

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder that manifests as motor and nonmotor symptoms due to the selective loss of midbrain DArgic (DA) neurons. More and more studies have shown that pathological reactions initiated by autoimmune cells play an essential role in the progression of PD. Autoimmune cells exist in the brain parenchyma, cerebrospinal fluid, and meninges; they are considered inducers of neuroinflammation and regulate the immune in the human brain in PD. For example, T cells can recognize α-synuclein presented by antigen-presenting cells to promote neuroinflammation. In addition, B cells will accelerate the apoptosis of DA neurons in the case of PD-related gene mutations. Activation of microglia and damage of DA neurons even form the self-degeneration cycle to deteriorate PD. Numerous autoimmune cells have been considered regulators of apoptosis, α-synuclein misfolding and aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, and neuroinflammation of DA neurons in PD. The evidence is mounting that autoimmune cells promote DA neuron apoptosis. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge regarding the regulation and function of B cell, T cell, and microglia as well as NK cell in PD pathogenesis, focusing on DA neuron apoptosis to understand the disease better and propose potential target identification for the treatment in the early stages of PD. However, there are still some limitations in our work, for example, the specific mechanism of PD progression caused by autoimmune cells in mitochondrial dysfunction, ferroptosis, and autophagy has not been clarified in detail, which needs to be summarized in further work.
Measuring thermal effects in femtosecond laser-induced breakdown of dielectrics

A quartz sample was submitted to femtosecond laser pulses with fluences up to 6×Fc, where Fc is the laser-induced breakdown fluence. A series of microthermocouples, deposited onto the surface, was used to measure heatings at the millisecond scale, at typically 50 μm from the laser impact. By using both the heat propagation equation and the Helmholtz equation to get the energy absorption profile, we estimate a minimum value of the temperature reached in the center of the crater. Even very close to Fc, this temperature is found to be ≳3000 °C, proving that heating effects play a major role in the breakdown of dielectrics.
Coexistence of magnetism and ferroelectricity in perovskites

We present a first-principles comparison of BaTiO 3 ,CaMnO 3 , and YMnO 3 which reveals the fundamental role of the d electron occupation in preventing or favoring the simultaneous presence of magnetic and electric polarization. The ferroelectric compounds are distinguished from the nonferroelectrics by an ultrasensitivity of the p-d charge hybridization to the atomic displacements. To be effective these hybridization changes require the d orbitals oriented in the direction of the ferroelectric distortion to be formally empty. This orbital directionality can explain the coexistence of antiferromagnetism and ferroelectricity in the hexagonal phase of YMnO 3 , which is ferroelectric along the c axis: in the Mn 3 + ion, four tilled d orbitals provide a magnetic moment, and one empty d orbital (d 2 2 ) can participate in hybridization changes and induce a ferroelectric distortion. The Born effective charges are found to he highly anomalous in CaMnO;, which is far from being ferroelectric.
Proportion of Chromosomal Disorders and Their Patterns among Births with Congenital Anomalies in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses

Introduction Worldwide, surveys have shown that the frequency of chromosomal disorders among births with congenital anomalies varies greatly from country to country. It is well known that chromosomal disorders are an important cause of premature death or life-long disability; however, the absence of local epidemiological data on their birth prevalence and outcomes impedes policy and service development in many countries and continents. Therefore, the current systematic review and meta-analysis intend to show the pooled proportion of chromosomal disorders among births with congenital anomalies in Africa. Methods From PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar, we systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed the studies that examined the incidence, prevalence, and types of chromosomal disorders using PRISMA guidelines. A weighted inverse variance random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled proportion of chromosomal disorders among births with congenital anomalies. Results From the total of 3,569 studies identified, 1,442 were from PubMed, 108 were from Cochrane Library, 1,830 were from Google Scholar, and 189 were from other sources. After duplication was removed, a total of 844 articles remained (2725 were removed by duplication). Finally, 144 full-text studies were reviewed and 60 articles with 52,569 births having congenital anomalies met the inclusion criteria and were selected for this meta-analysis. The pooled proportion of chromosomal disorders among births with congenital anomalies was 8.94% (95% CI; 7.02, 10.86; I2 = 98.8%; p < 0.001). Conclusions and Future Implications. In the current systematic review and meta-analysis, the pooled proportion of chromosomal disorders among births with congenital anomalies in Africa was small. Down syndrome (trisomy 21) accounted for more than 80% of chromosomal disorders. The pooled proportion of chromosome disorders was the highest in North African regions and countries compared to other regions of the continent. Healthcare managers should focus on establishing proper cytogenetic diagnostic facilities in collaboration with well-trained genetic counseling services in the continent.
Upward continuation of EMI data for sensing of subsurface UXO in cluttered, multi-object cases

In subsurface UXO sensing, single field (SF) data arises when an excitation field produces a single, spatially distributed response field that is sampled from a number of different locations. Measurements from traditional magnetometers furnish such data, for which the essentially invariant excitation is the earth's magnetic field. Upward continuation (UC) of SF data allows one to calculate signals that would be received at a higher elevation above the ground without actually raising the receiver. This is done without having to solve for the actual target characteristics or location. The technique is designed to smooth out the perturbations from irregularities and near-surface clutter. Applied recently to broader band electromagnetic induction (EMI) data of the the GAP SAM system, UC has shown distinct benefits in suppressing the strength of near surface clutter signals relative to those from a deeper UXO. Here we investigate possible application to the TEMTADS sensor. Preliminary results suggest that here too the method may bring out the signal of an underlying larger UXO relative to discrete clutter or smaller shallowers items, thereby aiding discrimination. In future work resolution issues must be addressed.
Stress in thermal SiO2 during growth

Stress present in thermal SiO2 at temperatures during growth in wet O2 has been measured as a function of growth temperature. During growth at 950 °C and below, compressive stress on the order of 7×109 dyn/cm2 is generated in the SiO2. During growth at 975 and 1000 °C, the SiO2 grows in a stress‐free state. The results, which are consistent with a viscous flow point somewhere between 950 and 975 °C, are of value in avoiding mechanical failure effects in integrated‐circuit processing.
Multiple-Mode-Supporting Floating-Point FMA Unit for Deep Learning Processors

In this article, a new multiple-mode floating-point fused multiply–add (FMA) unit is proposed for deep learning processors. The proposed design supports three functional modes—normal FMA mode, mixed FMA mode, and dual FMA mode—and four types of precision—single-precision (SP), half-precision (HP), BFloat16 (BF16), and TensorFloat-32 (TF32)—based on the practical requirements of deep learning applications. In the normal FMA mode, conventional FMA operations, one SP operation or two parallel HP operations, are performed every clock cycle. In the mixed FMA mode and dual FMA mode, mixed-precision operations, the fused multiply–accumulate and the dot-product, are implemented, respectively. Specifically, the product of lower precision multiplication can be accumulated to a higher precision addend. Compared with the mixed FMA mode, the throughput is doubled in the dual FMA mode due to the full utilization of the multiplier operand bandwidth. In addition to FMA operations, numerical precision conversion (NPCvt) is also supported in this work: higher precision FMA results can be converted into lower precision numbers, corresponding to the datatype transform in the datapath of deep neural network (DNN) training. The FMA design presented herein uses both the segmentation and reusing methods to trade off performance, such as throughput and latency, against area, and power. Compared with the state-of-the-art multiple-precision FMA unit, the proposed design supports more types of floating-point operation and NPCvt, with higher throughput and lower hardware overhead.
A HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE TREASURY STUDY OF STAR-FORMING REGIONS IN THE LOCAL GROUP. II. YOUNG STELLAR POPULATIONS IN M31

We studied the young stellar populations of 22 star-forming regions in the Andromeda galaxy (M31), with Hubble Space Telescope (HST) multi-band imaging from far-UV to I. The regions were selected from Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) wide-field far-UV imaging; they sample different environments and galactocentric distances from 6 to 22 kpc. They were imaged with 30 HST fields (360 distinct images, in six bandpasses), with a pixel scale of 0.38 pc projected on the sky, at the distance of M31. This study is part of HST treasury survey program HST-GO-11079, which includes star-forming regions in eight Local Group galaxies. We provide a merged catalog of six-band stellar photometry in the 30 M31 fields, containing 118,036 sources brighter than V and B ∼ 23 mag. Each HST field covers about 0.3 kpc2 in M31, and contains up to ∼7000 stars, of which the number varies by a factor of >7 among the target regions; a large fraction of the sample are hot massive stars, due to our choice of filters and exposures. We derived stellar physical parameters and interstellar extinction for individual sources by spectral energy distribution analysis with model-atmosphere colors, and used the results to infer ages, massive stars content, and extinction of the star-forming regions. Reddening is up to E(B − V) ≲ 0.6 mag in some OB associations, and lowest in the outermost regions (average of ≲0.12 mag in OB184 at 21.9 kpc). We examined the spatial distribution (clustering) of the hot massive stars, and defined OB associations on various spatial scales from compact to wider, more spread out ones. A hierarchical structuring is observed, with small compact groups arranged within large complexes. Their areas vary from less than 10 to 105 pc2, and masses are up to ≈105 M☉, in the scales sampled by our analysis. Their cumulative mass distribution follows a power law, at least in part of the sampled regime. Hot-star counts in the young regions compare very well with integrated measurements of UV flux from GALEX.
Nonlinear Acoustic Imaging of Isoechogenic Objects and Flows Using Ultrasound Wave Phase Conjugation

The results of theoretical and experimental studies of application of parametric wave phase conjugation (WPC) for nonlinear detection of isoechogenic phantoms and for ultrasonic velocimetry of flows are reported. Experimental WPC harmonic imaging of isoechogenic phantoms in water was demonstrated on an example of cells filled with a mixture of water and methyl alcohol. Variation of methanol concentration allows obtaining some mixtures with varied nonlinear parameters while their linear acoustic impedance remains close to the water's one. Analysis of harmonics of phase conjugate waves (PCW) in automatically con-focal WPC-system provides reliable detection of the phantoms. According to the theoretical predictions the contrasts of images are comparable with, or even stronger, than the ratio of nonlinear parameters of a phantom and its surrounding medium. 3D-simulation of propagation of PCW in heterogeneously nonlinear and moving media is developed. Break of time reversal invariance of WPC in moving media is proposed as a principle of detection and velocimetry of flows. The results of experimental linear and harmonic imaging of flows in water are presented in comparison with theoretical description.
The Relationship between Microalbumin Levels and HbA1c in People at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Increased blood glucose levels in diabetes mellitus are a problem due to poor insulin synthesis, and insulin resistance conditions cause microalbumin. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between microalbumin levels and HbA1c in people at risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus. This type of research is a quantitative study using a cross-sectional study design. Respondents in this study were all women at risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the village of Ngrandulor. The research sample was taken using the purposive sampling technique, which was taken according to the criteria set by the researcher so that 28 respondents were selected. Data collection on microalbumin levels was carried out by immunoturbidimetric examination, and HbA1c was carried out by immunoassay examination. Bivariate analysis of the research data was carried out using the Spearman rank statistical test. The results showed a relationship between microalbumin levels and HbA1c in people at risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus, the p-value = 0.010. The results showed that half of the respondents had their albumin checked under microalbumin conditions, namely 14 respondents (50%) and on HbA1c examination, which showed that they were in diabetes status or conditions, namely 14 respondents (50%). This study concludes that there is a relationship between microalbumin levels and HbA1c in people at risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus, with a significance value (p) of 0.010.
Fibroblastic reticular cells orchestrate long-term graft survival following recipient treatment with CD40 ligand–targeted costimulatory blockade

Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) maintain the architecture of secondary lymphoid organs, which optimize interactions between antigen-presenting dendritic cells and reactive naive T cells. In this issue of the JCI, Zhao, Jung, and colleagues investigated CD4+FoxP3+ regulatory T cell development and long-term heart allograft survival in recipients treated with peritransplant costimulatory blockade to inhibit CD40/CD40 ligand (CD40L) signaling. Treatment with an anti-CD40L monoclonal antibody (mAb) increased the lymph node (LN) population of Madcam1+ FRCs and altered their transcription profile to express immunoregulatory mediators. Administration of nanoparticles, containing the anti-CD40L mAb and a targeting antibody against high endothelial venules, delivered the treatment into LNs of allograft recipients. Direct LN delivery of the costimulatory blockade allowed decreased dosing and increased the efficacy in extending graft survival. The results provide insights into mechanisms by which FRCs can promote donor-reactive tolerance, and establish a strategy for administering costimulation-blocking reagents that circumvent systemic effects and improve allograft outcomes.
Resonant eigenstates in quantum chaotic scattering

We study the spectrum of quantized open maps, as a model for the resonance spectrum of quantum scattering systems. We are particularly interested in open maps admitting a fractal repeller. Using the ``open baker's map'' as an example, we numerically investigate the exponent appearing in the Fractal Weyl law for the density of resonances; we show that this exponent is not related with the ``information dimension'', but rather the Hausdorff dimension of the repeller. We then consider the semiclassical measures associated with the eigenstates: we prove that these measures are conditionally invariant with respect to the classical dynamics. We then address the problem of classifying semiclassical measures among conditionally invariant ones. For a solvable model, the ``Walsh-quantized'' open baker's map, we manage to exhibit a family of semiclassical measures with simple self-similar properties.
Constraints on the ICM velocity power spectrum from the X-ray lines width and shift

Future X-ray observations of galaxy clusters by high spectral resolution missions will provide spatially resolved measurements of the energy and width for the brightest emission lines in the intracluster medium (ICM) spectrum. In this paper we discuss various ways of using these high-resolution data to constrain velocity power spectrum in galaxy clusters. We argue that variations of these quantities with the projected distance R in cool core clusters contain important information on the velocity field length scales (i.e. the size of energy-containing eddies) in the ICM. The effective length leff along the line of sight, which provides dominant contribution to the line flux, increases with R, allowing one to probe the amplitude of the velocity variations at different spatial scales. In particular, we show that the width of the line as a function of R is closely linked to the structure function of the 3D velocity field. Yet another easily obtainable proxy of the velocity field length scales is the ratio of the amplitude of the projected velocity field (line energy) variations to the dispersion of the velocity along the line of sight (line width). Finally the projected velocity field can be easily converted into 3D velocity field, especially for clusters like Coma with an extended flat core in the surface brightness. Under assumption of a homogeneous isotropic Gaussian 3D velocity field we derived simple expressions relating the power spectrum of the 3D velocity field (or structure function) and the observables. We illustrate the sensitivity of these proxies to changes in the characteristics of the power spectrum for a simple isothermal β-model of a cluster. The uncertainties in the observables, caused by the stochastic nature of the velocity field, are estimated by making multiple realizations of the random Gaussian velocity field and evaluating the scatter in observables. If large-scale motions are present in the ICM these uncertainties may dominate the statistical errors of line width and shift measurements.
Physiological Motion Sensing via Channel State Information in NextG Millimeter-Wave Communications Systems

Wireless communications systems provide channel state information (CSI), which can be used to characterize the physical propagation environment. The small physiological motion of human subjects in that environment, such as that associated with respiration, can modulate the CSI, thus allowing wireless physiological sensing through which a communications system detects and monitors cardiopulmonary motion. NextG millimeter-wave communications systems present even greater opportunities for wireless physiological sensing due to the advantages of small wavelength and high directionality. But challenges also arise due to the multipath effect and phase aliasing caused by larger-than-wavelength motion displacement. This work introduces a comprehensive mathematical CSI model to accurately characterize physiological motion captured by the amplitude and phase of the CSI of a millimeter-wave communications system. The model allows for the interpretation of intricate CSI pattern variations to avoid aliasing error and has been validated with experiments involving both parametric measures conducted with a robotic mover and respiration rate measurements for human subjects. In all cases, rate measurements could be consistently resolved within 10%, or 0.02 Hz, demonstrating the potential for incorporating physiological sensing in NextG millimeter-wave communications systems.