Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of Nitrous Oxide Fluxes in Dryland Cropping Systems

Agricultural activities influence atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gasses (GHG), e.g. carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide, (N2O), and contribute about 20% of the world’s global radiative forcing (Lal et al., 1999). On the other hand, agricultural management can mitigate global radiative forcing by increasing storage of soil organic carbon (SOC), increasing oxidation of CH4 in soil, or by reducing N2O emissions (Mosier et al., 2003). However, crop recovery of N can often be low and single season nitrogen removal in harvested grain is estimated worldwide at only 33% of applied N (Raun and Johnson, 1999). Poor N recovery is a function of a portion of N cycled to competing pathways such as leaching, gaseous losses (e.g. N2O) and biological immobilization (Legg and Meisinger, 1982; Ladd and Amoto, 1986; Haynes, 1997) and inefficiencies in crop physiological processes that affect the acquisition of available N (Moll et al., 1982; Huggins and Pan, 1993). Losses of N in agroecosystems commonly range from 1 to 35% of available N supplies (Kumar and Goh, 2000). Globally, reactive N (e.g. NH4+, NO3-) cycling in the environment, resulting from increased fertilization, has more than doubled since the 1940s, with 86% originating from agricultural activities. Agriculture is also a major contributor to atmospheric N2O which has 298 times the global warming potential of CO2 (IPCC, 2007). Therefore, cropping systems with inefficient N use are under increased scrutiny as N movement beyond agroecosystem boundaries results in degradation of air (Mosier et al., 1996) and water (Huggins et al., 2001) at watershed and global scales (Tilman et al., 2001). Improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) has been identified as a national goal (CAST, 2004), a goal shared by producers who seek greater NUE to reduce farm costs.
A review of recently active faults in Taiwan

4 Introduction . 4 Active Faults . 5 Historically Active Faults . 6 Meishan fault, 17 March 1906 . 6 The 1935 faulting . 11 The Hsinhua fault, 5 December 1946. 16 The Longitudinal-Valley faulting, 1951. 17 Faults That Cut Holocene or Pleistocene Deposits . 22 Possible Fault Creep . 30 Longitudinal Valley fault zone . 30 Western Taiwan . 34 Tectonic Uplift and Subsidence . 36 Summary and Conclusions . 38 References cited . 40
CONSIDERACIONES PARA EL ANÁLISIS DE LA MARCHA HUMANA. TÉCNICAS DE VIDEOGRAMETRÍA, ELECTROMIOGRAFÍA Y DINAMOMETRÍA - Considerations for human gait analysis

El analisis de la marcha humana resulta ser de gran utilidad para una amplia gama de aplicaciones, como el diagnostico y eleccion de tratamientos en pacientes con enfermedades neuro-musculo-esqueleticas. Los metodos y tecnologias existentes para este analisis son numerosos, y permiten la obtencion de los parametros cuantitativos caracteristicos de un patron de marcha de manera objetiva. Durante el analisis de marcha muchos factores deben ser considerados para realizar los estudios adecuadamente, algunos de ellos se deben tener en cuenta desde la etapa de configuracion y planeacion del laboratorio, otros para el proceso de adquisicion de los parametros, y otros para el analisis de los resultados. En este trabajo se presentan algunas de estas consideraciones que parten tanto de la revision bibliografica como de la experiencia directa con pacientes, enfocadas principalmente en sistemas que combinan tecnicas de videogrametria, dinamometria y electromiografia, por ser estos los de mayor utilizacion en la actualidad. Abstract—Human gait analysis has been used in a wide range of applications, such as diagnosis and treatment selection for patients with neuro-muscular-skeletal diseases. The methods and technologies that exist for gait analysis are numerous, and they allow the recollection of the main quantitative parameters of a gait pattern in an objective way. A lot of factors must be considered during gait analysis in order to obtain reliable results; some of them must be taken into account, including the planning and configuration of the laboratory, the acquisition process and the results analysis system. This paper presents some considerations derived from the literature review and also from the direct experience with patients. They are mainly focused in systems which use techniques such as videogrammetry, dynamometry and electromyography, since they are the most used nowadays.
Resolving revolutions: imaging and mapping by modern radar

High-performance synthetic aperture radars (SARs) for mapping demand massive digital signal processing powers. The fall in the cost of computing devices has recently passed the point at which such processors can be afforded and SARs are now being used in a range of applications. The analogous inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR), which enables moving targets to be imaged by stationary or moving radars, is also becoming widely used. The unifying principle underlying SARs and ISARs is presented and the common parameters defining the performances of both types of radar are derived. A novel technique is described which enables the radar to measure the random angular spin of a ship at sea, thereby permitting it to be imaged deterministically by ISAR. Results are presented from a representative selection of ISARs and SARs ranging from the imaging of model targets by ISARs operating at scaled-up frequencies through to the mapping of the surface of Venus by a satellite SAR. The paper concludes with a review of likely future developments of these types of radar and suggests that further major advances are possible.
Quantitative assessment of atmospheric elements and their interaction with transplanted lichen Pyxine cocoes (Sw.) Nyl

A common foliose lichen Pyxine cocoes (Sw.) Nyl. was transplanted at 12 different sites of Dehradun City. The thalli of P. cocoes have been exposed for three months to monitor the accumulation of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn along with C and N and their impact on photosynthetic pigments (Chl a, Chl b, Total Chl) were also estimated. The results showed that thalli transplanted close to the city centre (0 km) exhibit early stress as revealed by decreasing photosynthetic pigments as compared to control site. The qualitative and quantitative results of elements showed negative correlations with distance from the city centre. Among the metals analysed, Fe (3396.71µg g -1 DW) at Haridwar road followed by Zn (279.52µg g -1 DW) at Rajpur road found in maximum concentration. Similarly, the maximum carbon (C) concentration (52.05%) was observed at Haridwar road whereas the nitrogen (N) concentration (1.73%) was observed maximum at Rajpur road. The lichen P. cocoes possess good accumulation capacity for most of the atmospheric elements. It is well evident from this study that selected lichen species could be used to detect low to higher atmospheric elemental emissions from vehicular activity in the ambient air and the biomonitoring procedure could be further standardized and used as part of an environmental monitoring programme.
Learning motivation and environmental support: how first-generation college students achieve success?

Introduction With the continuous expansion of higher education worldwide, the academic performance of first-generation college students has become an essential topic in the scope of international educational research. This study examines the impact of learning motivation (i.e., intrinsic and extrinsic motivation) and environmental support (i.e., instructional, relational, and campus support) on the academic outcomes of first-generation college students based on the Cultural Mismatch Theory and Self-Determination Theory from both individual and environmental perspectives. Methods A two-stage stratified sampling strategy was adopted to guarantee that the samples were representative of the national populations of college students in mainland China. 87418 data were collected from the China College Student Survey (CCSS) 2020, among which 58,864 were first-generation college students. This study primarily employed descriptive statistical analysis and regression analysis methods. Results Data analysis revealed that intrinsic learning motivation, relational support, campus support, and academic performance of first-generation college students are significantly lower than those of non-first-generation students. However, this study found no significant differences concerning external learning motivation and teaching support. Regression analysis showed that both learning motivation and environmental support positively predicted learning outcomes, with intrinsic learning motivation having the most substantial influence. Moreover, learning motivation and environmental support interact in jointly promoting the student’s academic success. Discussion This study highlighted that the academic development of first-generation college students results from the interplay between individual characteristics and the surrounding environment. Postnatal factors, particularly individual learning motivation, and institutional environment support, play a crucial role in their academic achievements.
Oceanic distribution of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria determined by immunofluorescent assay

Marine ammonium-oxidizing bacteria in seawater were enumerated by means of immunofluorescent assays developed for Nitrosococcus oceanus and Nitrosomonas marina. Samples were collected from the coastal waters off the states of Washington and California, from the central North Atlantic and northeast Pacific Oceans, and from Chesapeake Bay. Total abundances of ammonium oxidizers ranged from 10/sup 7/ cells 1/sup -1/ in Chesapeake Bay and 10/sup 5/ cells 1/sup -1/ in inshore ocean waters to 10/sup 3/ to 10/sup 4/ cells 1/sup -1/ in the open ocean. Using mean abundances from surface waters, a potential nitrification rate was calculated. Results imply that microbial nitrification rates in the water column can be substantial and may be sufficient to balance the annual new production demand for nitrate.
Neural Network Learning-Based Control for Nonlinear Systems With Time-Varying Powers

This letter focuses on the design of a state feedback controller for nonlinear systems with time-varying powers that utilize neural network (NN) to approximate unknown nonlinear functions. The dual homogeneity-based control is designed to recursively set up a controller with time-varying monotone degrees and a set of recursive Lyapunov functions. Neural networks approximate complex nonlinear functions by stacking multiple linear and nonlinear layers and adjusting their weights and biases through training. Approximation theory is developed to illustrate the relationship between the sophisticated architecture of neural networks and the intrinsic structure of unknown nonlinear functions that require approximation. Under the designed dual homogeneity-based control approach, the considered nonlinear system is globally uniformly asymptotically stable and the neural network error analysis is performed on unknown functions.
A DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR WATER QUALITY DATA AUGMENTATION: A CASE STUDY 1

ABSTRACT: Recent developments in water quality monitoring have generated interest in combining non‐probability and probability data to improve water quality assessment. The Interagency Task Force on Water Quality Monitoring has taken the lead in exploring data combination possibilities. In this paper we take a developed statistical algorithm for combining the two data types and present an efficient process for implementing the desired data augmentation. In a case study simulated Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) probability data are combined with auxiliary monitoring station data. Auxiliary stations were identified on the STORET water quality database. The sampling frame is constructed using ARC/INFO and EPA's Reach File‐3 (RF3) hydrography data. The procedures for locating auxiliary stations, constructing an EMAP‐SWS sampling frame, simulating pollutant exposure, and combining EMAP and auxiliary stations were developed as a decision support system (DSS). In the case study with EMAP, the DSS was used to quantify the expected increases in estimate precision. The benefit of using auxiliary stations in EMAP estimates was measured as the decrease in standard error of the estimate.
Evaluation of Gelatin/Hyaluronic Acid-Generated Bridging in a 3D-Printed Titanium Cage for Bone Regeneration

3D-printed titanium (Ti) cages present an attractive alternative for addressing issues related to osteoporosis-induced fractures, accidental fractures, and spinal fusion surgery due to disc herniation. These Ti-based bone implants possess superior strength compared to other metals, allowing for versatile applications in orthopedic scenarios. However, when used as standalone solutions, certain considerations may arise, such as interaction with soft tissues. Therefore, to overcome these issues, the combination with hydrogel has been considered. In this study, to impart Ti with regenerative abilities a 3D-printed Ti cage was loaded with gelatin and hyaluronic acid (G-H) to improve the cell attachment ability of the Ti-based bone implants. The void spaces within the mesh structure of the 3D Ti cage were filled with G-H, creating a network of micro-sized pores. The filled G-H acted as the bridge for the cells to migrate toward the large inner pores of the 3D Ti cage. Due to the microporous surface and slow release of gelatin and hyaluronic acid, the biocompatibility of the coated Ti cage was increased with an elevation in osteoconduction as depicted by the up-regulation of bone-related gene expressions. The in vivo implantation in the rabbit femur model showed enhanced bone regeneration due to the coated G-H on the Ti cage compared to the pristine hollow Ti cage. The G-H filled the large holes of the 3D Ti cage that acted as a bridge for the cells to travel inside the implant and aided in the fast regeneration of bone.
"Soberana FL": Cultivar de arroz de riego para Venezuela

espanolSe evaluo el comportamiento agronomico del cultivar de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) ‘Soberana FL’, en ensayos de validacion agronomica de cultivares (EVAC), coordinados por el Servicio Nacional Semilla (SENASEM) de Venezuela y en siembras semicomerciales en los estados Guarico, Portuguesa y Barinas. En ensayos experimentales, el material presento excelente potencial de rendimiento en grano paddy (5,4 t ha-1 en condiciones de riego y 5,7 t ha-1 en el periodo de lluvias), resistencia a plagas (piricularia, helmintosporium, escaldado y manchado del grano), moderada resistencia al virus de la hoja blanca y buena calidad de grano (grano entero superior 56% y amilosa 29%). Se realizo la caracterizacion molecular del cultivar utilizando RAPD. En virtud de lo anterior, la variedad Soberana FL es elegible para la produccion y comercializacion de semilla certiﬁ cada en el pais EnglishIn order to evaluated the agronomic performance of the cultivar of rice (Oryza sativa L.) ‘Soberana FL’, the cultivar was evaluated the Agricultural Validation Test Cultivar (EVAC), conducted by the National Seed Service (SENASEM) of Venezuela. It was also evaluated in commercial plantings in state Guarico, Portuguesa y Barinas; in experimental trials the material has excellent potential for paddy grain yield (5,4 t ha-1 under irrigation and 5,7 t ha-1 in the rainy season), resistant to pests (rice blast, helminthosporium, blanching and grainstained, moderate resistance to virus white sheet), good grain quality (higher whole grain 56% and 29% amylose). Molecular characterization of the cultivar was performed using RAPD. The eligibility of the variety ‘Soberana FL’ was requested for the production and marketing of certiﬁ ed seed in the country
Ranching Efficiency in South Texas—A Rancher's Viewpoint

duced In the 11 Western states, but he is grossly misinformed. U.S. Department of Agriculture figures over the past few years show that figure to be closer to 20 percent. In addition, many of those cattle accounted for In the Midwest or in teed lots spent a portion of their lives grazing in the West. I submit that grazing In the 11 Western states is a significant factor, and if all grazing on public lands were eliminated tomorrow, it would have a dramatic impact on the beef industry In the nation as a whole. (Just think what a 20 percent decrease In beef production would do to beef prices.) At Lazy B Ranch alone, we Support six families on this piece of dry Arizona-New Mexico desert. We pay income tax, county tax, property tax, sales tax, and we make a living. Abbey's statement that "ranchers don't work very hard" is preposterous. Abbey's idea of a cowboy is the Eastern myth, and this obvious from his description of the so-called cowboy In his story. The cowboy spends far longer hours, in far worse conditions, than Abbey does at his typewriter, and he does it regardless of how cold it gets, or how wet, or how dark. The cowboy's job Is one of the few professions left that allow one to see the wonders of nature In an unspoiled fashion, to experience the change of the seasons, and to see birth and death firsthand. Ranching is the ultimate form of organic production, the harvest of a portion of what is grown naturally. If we can't live in harmony with nature and make productive use of this desert, then should we live in the West at all? I say we can live here, and we can make the West a better place for all forms of life if we don't get caught up in a hystrical negativism. There are positive solutions to every problem. Alan Day isa rancher whose grandfather settled the Lazy B Ranch in 1880.
Monitoring of Birds in Recreational Kakan Region, Yasuj, I. R. Iran

Introduction Birds are among the best monitors of environmental changes and have been used to evaluate the environment throughout the history as biomonitors and the changes in their population, behavior patterns and reproductive ability have most often been used to examine the long term affects of habitat fragmentation. (Harisha and Hosetti, 2009). Birds constitute one of the common fauna of all habitat types, and because they are responsive to changes, their diversity and abundance can reflect ecological trends in other biodiversity (Furness and Greenwood, 1993). Because of their highly-specific habitat requirements, birds become increasingly intolerant of even slight ecosystem disturbance (Schwartz and Schwartz, 1951). An assessment of the abundance and diversity of bird species in ecosystem can, therefore, serve as a good indication of the health of the environment in and around the ecosystem (Bowden, 1990). Jarvinen and Vaisenen (1978) used line-transect data on bird abundance to monitor the effect of habitat change in Nordic countries, and reported that a change in forest structure caused changes in bird populations in Northern Finish forest. Hence they are the good indicators of ecological status of any given ecosystem (Bilgrami, 1995). So study the biodiversity of birds is very important As the basis for other studies of ecosystem. Biological diversity is the richness and evenness of species amongst and within living organisms and ecological complexes (Polyakov et al., 2008). Biodiversity is mostly studied in species level. There are different indices to measure biodiversity. The most commonly considered facet of biodiversity is species richness. Evenness is another important factor of biodiversity. (Kharkwal et al., 2004). Evenness has been considered as a fundamental fact in habitats with more than one species (Hashemi 2010). The conservation of biodiversity has become an important issue receiving national and international attention (Noss, 1991; Noss and Cooperrider, 1994; Wilson, 1992). Species diversity has two basic components: richness, or number of species in a given area, and evenness, or how relative abundance or biomass is distributed among species (Huston, 1994; Purvis and Hector, 2000; Magurran, 2001). Many studies have been carried out on bird biodiversity indices around the world. For example, Elemberg, et al. 1994) in Finland and Sweden, (Herremans, 1999) in Botswana, (Mae and Hattori, 2001) in Japan, (Ratti, et al. 2001) in Dakota America in and (Yang and Quan, 2002) in China can be named. Main objective of this study was to quantitatively analyse the biodiversity of birds in Recreational Kakan Region, Yasuj, I. R. Iran. Study area Recreational Kakan region is 30 kilometers away from south east side of Yasuj in Kohkiloye and Boyerahmad Province with the latitude and longitude of 30°35 N and 51°48 E.The average of height (above mean sea level)is 1920 meter.
Latitudinal distribution of paleotemperature on land and sea from early Cretaceous to middle Miocene

Paleotemperature data from the of oceans and the continents are summarized for the interval from the early Cretaceous through the middle Miocene. The data are contoured on diagrams of age vs latitude after adjustments for the known occurrences of seasonal ice and for estimated ice volumes. Separate plots for oceans and continents indicate the warmest times for the oceans were the late Paleocene and the late Eocene and the coolest were the early Oligocene and the early Cretaceous. Continents were warmest in the late Cretaceous and the late Eocene and coolest during the early Oligocene and the late Maastrichtian. Oceans were characterized by cooler tropics and warmer higher latitudes than present and continents by strikingly higher temperatures than present over all latitudes
The 26 December 2004 tsunami measured by satellite altimetry

The 26 December 2004 magnitude 9 earthquake off Sumatra provided the first examples of travelling tsunami waves in mid‐ocean clearly detected by satellite altimetry. The earthquake was the largest since satellite altimetry started in the 1970s and gave peak‐to‐trough wave heights in mid‐ocean of over a metre. The tsunami was detected by three of the four altimeters presently giving sea surface height information. Each detected the spreading front twice, as it moved south‐westwards into the Indian Ocean and as it moved northwards into the Bay of Bengal. They also detected the disturbed region closer to the epicentre that expands with the slower velocities of higher‐frequency waves. Although the plate rupture is estimated to extend over about 1300 km in a north/south direction, the satellite observations appear consistent with a smaller generation area towards the south of this rupture zone. Fronts observed in the Indian Ocean show a positive first crest. Those observed in the Bay of Bengal are of smaller amplitude and appear to show a first negative first crest (trough). The structure in the Indian Ocean front observed by Jason‐1 suggests the possible presence of a shorter‐wavelength negative component superimposed on the positive crest.