Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deep slitless infrared spectroscopic surveys with HST/WFC3

HST is commonly thought of as an optical-IR imaging or UV-spectroscopy observatory. However, the advent of WFC3-IR made it possible to do slitless infrared spectroscopic surveys over an area significant for galaxy evolution studies (~0.15 deg^2). Slitless infrared spectroscopy is uniquely possible from space due to the reduced background. Redshift surveys with WFC3-IR offer probes of the astrophysics of the galaxy population at z=1-3 from line features, and the true redshift and spatial distribution of galaxies, that cannot be done with photometric surveys alone. While HST slitless spectroscopy is low spectral resolution, its high multiplex advantage makes it competitive with future ground based IR spectrographs, its flux calibration is stable, and its high spatial resolution allows measuring the spatial extent of emission lines, which only HST can do currently for large numbers of objects. A deeper slitless IR spectroscopic survey over hundreds of arcmin^2 (eg one or more GOODS fields) is one of the remaining niches for large galaxy evolution studies with HST, and would produce a sample of thousands of spectroscopically confirmed galaxies at 1<z<3 to H=25 and beyond, of great interest to a large community of investigators. Finally, although JWST multislit spectroscopy will outstrip HST in resolution and sensitivity, I believe it is critical to have a spectroscopic sample in hand before JWST flies. This applies scientifically, to be prepared for the questions we want to answer with JWST, and observationally, because JWST's lifetime is limited and a classic problem in targeted spectroscopy has been the turn-around time for designing surveys and for deciding which classes of objects to target. This white paper is released publicly to stimulate open discussion of future large HST programs.
Comparison of outcomes between Hodgkin's lymphoma patients treated in and outside clinical trials: A study based on the EORTC‐Dutch late effects cohort‐linked data

Studies have shown higher survival rates for patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) treated within clinical trials compared to patients treated outside clinical trials. However, endpoints are often limited to overall survival (OS). In this retrospective cohort study, we investigated the effect of trial participation on OS, the incidence of relapse, second cancer, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The study population consisted of patients with HL, aged between 14 and 51 years at diagnosis, who started their treatment between 1962 and 2002 at three Dutch cancer centres. Patients were either included in the EORTC Lymphoma Group trials (H1–H9) or treated according to standard guidelines at the time. After adjusting for differences in baseline characteristics, trial participation was associated with longer OS (median OS: 29.4 years [95%CI: 27.0–31.6] for treatment inside trials versus 27.4 years [95%CI: 26.0–28.5] for treatment outside trials, p = .046), a lower incidence of relapse (HR = 0.79, 95%CI: 0.63–0.98, p = .036) and a higher incidence of CVD (HR = 1.49, 95%CI: 1.23–1.79, p < .001). The trial effect for CVD was present only for patients treated before 1983. No evidence of differences in the incidence of second cancer was found. Consequently, essential results from clinical trials should be implemented into standard practice without undue delay.
ON THE CONNECTION OF THE APPARENT PROPER MOTION AND THE VLBI STRUCTURE OF COMPACT RADIO SOURCES

Many of the compact extragalactic radio sources that are used as fiducial points to define the celestial reference frame are known to have proper motions detectable with long-term geodetic/astrometric very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) measurements. These changes can be as high as several hundred microarcseconds per year for certain objects. When imaged with VLBI at milliarcsecond (mas) angular resolution, these sources (radio-loud active galactic nuclei) typically show structures dominated by a compact, often unresolved “core” and a one-sided “jet. ” The positional instability of compact radio sources is believed to be connected with changes in their brightness distribution structure. For the first time, we test this assumption in a statistical sense on a large sample rather than on only individual objects. We investigate a sample of 62 radio sources for which reliable long-term time series of astrometric positions as well as detailed 8 GHz VLBI brightness distribution models are available. We compare the characteristic direction of their extended jet structure and the direction of their apparent proper motion. We present our data and analysis method, and conclude that there is indeed a correlation between the two characteristic directions. However, there are cases where the ∼1–10 mas scale VLBI jet directions are significantly misaligned with respect to the apparent proper motion direction.
Additive matrix convolutions of Pólya ensembles and polynomial ensembles

Recently, subclasses of polynomial ensembles for additive and multiplicative matrix convolutions were identified which were called Pólya ensembles (or polynomial ensembles of derivative type). Those ensembles are closed under the respective convolutions and, thus, build a semi-group when adding by hand a unit element. They even have a semi-group action on the polynomial ensembles. Moreover, in several works transformations of the bi-orthogonal functions and kernels of a given polynomial ensemble were derived when performing an additive or multiplicative matrix convolution with particular Pólya ensembles. For the multiplicative matrix convolution on the complex square matrices the transformations were even done for general Pólya ensembles. In the present work, we generalize these results to the additive convolution on Hermitian matrices, on Hermitian anti-symmetric matrices, on Hermitian anti-self-dual matrices and on rectangular complex matrices. For this purpose, we derive the bi-orthogonal functions and the corresponding kernel for a general Pólya ensemble which was not done before. With the help of these results, we find transformation formulas for the convolution with a fixed matrix or a random matrix drawn from a general polynomial ensemble. As an example, we consider Pólya ensembles with an associated weight which is a Pólya frequency function of infinite order. But we also explicitly evaluate the Gaussian unitary ensemble as well as the complex Laguerre (aka Wishart, Ginibre or chiral Gaussian unitary) ensemble. All results hold for finite matrix dimension. Furthermore, we derive a recursive relation between Toeplitz determinants which appears as a by-product of our results.
A COMMON ORIGIN FOR GLOBULAR CLUSTERS AND ULTRA-FAINT DWARFS IN SIMULATIONS OF THE FIRST GALAXIES

In this paper, the first in a series on galaxy formation before reionization, we focus on understanding what determines the size and morphology of stellar objects in the first low-mass galaxies, using parsec-scale cosmological simulations performed with an adaptive mesh hydrodynamics code. Although the dense gas in which stars are formed tends to have a disk structure, stars are found in spheroids with little rotation. Halos with masses between and form stars stochastically, with stellar masses in the range to . We observe, nearly independent of stellar mass, a large range of half-light radii for the stars, from a few parsecs to a few hundred parsecs and surface brightnesses and mass-to-light ratios ranging from those typical of globular clusters to ultra-faint dwarfs. In our simulations, stars form in dense stellar clusters with high gas-to-star conversion efficiencies and rather uniform metallicities. A fraction of these clusters remain bound after the gas is removed by feedback, but others are destroyed, and their stars, which typically have velocity dispersions of 20–40 km s−1, expand until they become bound by the dark matter halo. We thus speculate that the stars in ultra-faint dwarf galaxies may show kinematic and chemical signatures consistent with their origin in a few distinct stellar clusters. On the other hand, some globular clusters may form at the center of primordial dwarf galaxies and may contain dark matter, perhaps detectable in the outer parts.
MORPHOLOGICAL ANNOTATIONS FOR GROUPS IN THE FIRST DATABASE

The morphology of selected groups of sources in the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty Centimeters (FIRST) survey and catalog is examined. Sources in the FIRST catalog (2003 April release, 811,117 entries) were sorted into singles, doubles, triples, and groups of higher-count membership based on a proximity criteria. The 7106 groups with four or more components were examined individually for bent types including, but not limited to, wide-angle tail and narrow-angle tail types. In the process of this examination, ring, double–double, X-shaped, hybrid morphology, giant radio sources, and the herein described W-shaped and tri-axial morphology systems were also identified. For the convenience of the reader separate tables for distinctive types were generated. A few curiosities were found. For the 16,950 three-component groups and 74,788 two-component groups, catalogs with probability estimates for bent classification, as determined by pattern recognition techniques, are presented.
Cardioprotective potential of vanillic acid

Nowadays, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a global threat to public health, accounting for almost one‐third of all deaths worldwide. One of the key mechanistic pathways contributing to the development of CVDs, including cardiotoxicity (CTX) and myocardial ischaemia–reperfusion injury (MIRI) is oxidative stress (OS). Increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is closely associated with decreased antioxidant capacity and mitochondrial dysfunction. Currently, despite the availability of modern pharmaceuticals, dietary‐derived antioxidants are becoming more popular in developed societies to delay the progression of CVDs. One of the antioxidants derived from herbs, fruits, whole grains, juices, beers, and wines is vanillic acid (VA), which, as a phenolic compound, possesses different therapeutic properties, including cardioprotective. Based on experimental evidence, VA improves mitochondrial function as a result of the reduction in ROS production, aggravates antioxidative status, scavenges free radicals, and reduces levels of lipid peroxidation, thereby decreasing cardiac dysfunction, in particular CTX and MIRI. Considering the role of OS in the pathophysiology of CVDs, the purpose of this study is to comprehensively address recent evidence on the antioxidant importance of VA in the cardiovascular system.
Shape resonances and shell effects in thin-film multiband superconductors

We study analytically the evolution of superconductivity in clean quasi-two-dimensional multiband supercon- ductors as the film thickness enters the nanoscale region by mean-field and semiclassical techniques. Tunneling into the substrate and finite lateral size effects, which are important in experiments, are also considered in our model. As a result, it is possible to investigate the interplay between quantum coherence effects, such as shape resonances and shell effects, with the potential to enhance superconductivity, and the multiband structure and the coupling to the substrate that tend to suppress it. The case of magnesium diboride, which is the conventional superconductor with the highest critical temperature, is discussed in detail. Once the effect of the substrate is considered, we still observe quantum size effects such as the oscillation of the critical temperature with the thickness but without a significant enhancement of superconductivity. In thin films with a sufficiently longer superconducting coherence length, it is, however, possible to increase the critical temperature above the bulk limit by tuning the film thickness or lateral size.
The numerical equivalence relation for height functions and ampleness and nefness criteria for divisors

In this paper, we study properties of Weil height functions associated with numerically trivial divisors. It helps us to define the fractional limit of hE with respect to hD on U, with D ample: FlimD(E,U):=lim infP∊UhD(P)→∞ hE(P)hD(P).
Brownian disks and the Brownian snake

We provide a new construction of the Brownian disks, which have been defined by Bettinelli and Miermont as scaling limits of quadrangulations with a boundary when the boundary size tends to infinity. Our method is very similar to the construction of the Brownian map, but it makes use of the positive excursion measure of the Brownian snake which has been introduced recently. This excursion measure involves a random continuous tree whose vertices are assigned nonnegative labels, which correspond to distances from the boundary in our approach to the Brownian disk. We provide several applications of our construction. In particular, we prove that the uniform measure on the boundary can be obtained as the limit of the suitably normalized volume measure on a small tubular neighborhood of the boundary. We also prove that connected components of the complement of the Brownian net are Brownian disks, as it was suggested in the recent work of Miller and Sheffield. Finally, we show that connected components of the complement of balls centered at the distinguished point of the Brownian map are independent Brownian disks, conditionally on their volumes and perimeters.
Selectable linear or quadratic coupling in an optomechanical system

A.X. thanks the Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851 for financial support. M.P. is supported by the UK EPSRC through a Career Acceleration Fellowship and the “New Directions for EPSRC Research Leaders” initiative (EP/G004759/1). Parts of the calculations were carried out using computational facilities funded by the European Regional Development Fund, Project ERDF-080.
Anti-rituximab antibodies demonstrate neutralizing capacity, associate with lower circulating drug levels and earlier relapse in lupus

Abstract Objectives High rates of anti-drug antibodies (ADA) to rituximab have been demonstrated in patients undergoing treatment for SLE. However, little is known with regard to their long-term dynamics, impact on drug kinetics and subsequent implications for treatment response. In this study, we aimed to evaluate ADA persistence over time, impact on circulating drug levels, assess clinical outcomes and whether they are capable of neutralizing rituximab. Methods Patients with SLE undergoing treatment with rituximab were recruited to this study (n = 35). Serum samples were collected across a follow-up period of 36 months following treatment (n = 114). Clinical and laboratory data were collected pre-treatment and throughout follow-up. ADA were detected via electrochemiluminescent immunoassays. A complement dependent cytotoxicity assay was used to determine neutralizing capacity of ADA in a sub-cohort of positive samples (n = 38). Results ADA persisted over the 36-month study period in 64.3% of patients undergoing treatment and titres peaked earlier and remained higher in those who had previously been treated with rituximab when compared with than those who were previously treatment naive. ADA-positive samples had a significantly lower median drug level until six months post rituximab infusion (P = 0.0018). Patients with persistent ADA positivity showed a significant early improvement in disease activity followed by increased rates of relapse. In vitro analysis confirmed the neutralizing capacity of ADA to rituximab. Conclusions ADA to rituximab were common and persisted over the 36-month period of this study. They associated with earlier drug elimination, an increased rate of relapse and demonstrated neutralizing capacity in vitro.
Waveform cross correlation applied to earthquakes in the Atlantic Ocean

We assess the level of cross correlation between P-waves generated by earthquakes in the Atlantic Ocean and measured by 22 array stations of the International Monitoring System (IMS). There are 931 events with 6,411 arrivals in 2011 and 2012. Station TORD was the most sensitive and detected 868 from 931 events. We constructed several 931 by 931 matrices of cross correlation coefficients (CCs) for individual stations and also for average and cumulative CCs. These matrices characterize the detection performance of the involved stations and the IMS. Sixty earthquakes located in the northern hemisphere were selected as master events for signal detection and building of events populating a cross correlation Standard Event List (XSEL) for the first halves of 2009 and 2012. High-quality signals (SNR>5.0) recorded by 10 most sensitive stations were used as waveform templates. In order to quantitatively estimate the gain in the completeness and resolution of the XSEL we compared it with the Reviewed Event Bulletin (REB) of the International Data Centre (IDC) for the North Atlantic (NA) and with the ISC Bulletin. Machine learning and classification algorithms were successfully applied to automatically reject invalid events in the XSEL for 2009.
Oded Schramm's contributions to noise sensitivity.

We survey in this paper the main contributions of Oded Schramm related to Noise Sensitivity. We will describe in particular his various works which focused on the “Spectral analysis” of critical percolation (and more generally of Boolean functions), his work on the shape-fluctuations of first passage percolation and finally his contributions to the model of dynamical percolation.
Uncertainty analysis of microsegregation during laser powder bed fusion

Quality control in additive manufacturing can be achieved through variation control of the quantity of interest (QoI). We choose in this work the microstructural microsegregation to be our QoI. Microsegregation results from the spatial redistribution of a solute element across the solid–liquid interface that forms during solidification of an alloy melt pool during the laser powder bed fusion process. Since the process as well as the alloy parameters contribute to the statistical variation in microstructural features, uncertainty analysis of the QoI is essential. High-throughput phase-field simulations estimate the solid–liquid interfaces that grow for the melt pool solidification conditions that were estimated from finite element simulations. Microsegregation was determined from the simulated interfaces for different process and alloy parameters. Correlation, regression, and surrogate model analyses were used to quantify the contribution of different sources of uncertainty to the QoI variability. We found negligible contributions of thermal gradient and Gibbs–Thomson coefficient and considerable contributions of solidification velocity, liquid diffusivity, and segregation coefficient on the QoI. Cumulative distribution functions and probability density functions were used to analyze the distribution of the QoI during solidification. Our approach, for the first time, identifies the uncertainty sources and frequency densities of the QoI in the solidification regime relevant to additive manufacturing.
Phenomenological studies in the matrix models

Matrix models are a promising candidate for a nonperturbative formulation of the superstring theory. It is possible to study how the standard model and other phenomenological models appear from the matrix model, and estimate the probability distribution of their appearance. This article mainly addresses studies in toroidal compactifications with magnetic fluxes.
Evolutionary paths of binaries with a neutron star. I. The case of SAX J1808.4-3658

The evolutionary status of the low mass X-ray binary SAX J1808.4-3658 is simulated by following the binary evolution of its possible progenitor system through mass transfer, starting at a period of $\sim$6.6 hr. The evolution includes angular momentum losses via magnetic braking and gravitational radiation. It also takes into account the effects of illumination of the donor by both the X-ray emission and the spin down luminosity of the pulsar. The system goes through stages of mass transfer and stages during which it is detached, where only the rotationally powered pulsar irradiates the donor. We show that the pulsar irradiation is a necessary ingredient to reach SAX J1808.4-3658 orbital period when the donor mass is reduced to 0.04 - 0.06 M$_\odot$. We also show that the models reproduce important properties of the system, including the orbital period derivative, which is shown to be directly linked to the evolution through mass transfer cycles. Moreover we find that the effects of the irradiation on the internal structure of the donor are non negligible, causing the companion star to be non completely convective at the values of mass observed for the system and significantly altering its long term evolution, as the magnetic braking remains active along the whole evolution.
Decisions in elections—transitive or intransitive quantum preferences

Our preferences depend on the circumstances in which we reveal them. We will introduce a dependence which allows us to illustrate the relation between the possibility of winning of a particular candidate in an election and the type of preference. It is generally observed that if voters start to clearly prefer one of the candidates, the significance of intransitive preferences in the quantum model decreases. This dynamic change cannot be observed in the case of the classical model.
Big data analytics in production and distribution management

Production and distribution are two key constituents of a supply chain. In view of the growing availability of data and advances in big data analytics techniques, there have been more and more applications of data analytics to deal with the problems in production and distribution management. With this in mind, we proposed a special issue on ‘Big Data Analytics in Production and Distribution Management' to report the latest development in this field. In this editorial, we first introduce the background and examine the existing review works on the applications of data analytics to operations management. We then introduce the papers accepted in the issue, and discuss how different types of big data analytics techniques are applied to production and distribution management, including demand forecasting, production scheduling, distribution management, manufacturing management, and supply chain management. Finally, we conclude the paper with a discussion of future research.
Network Packet Analysis as a Unit of Assessment: Identifying Emotet

Cyber security is growing in importance globally and network forensics is an important component of a cyber security curriculum. Wireshark is a common tool used for the analysis of network traffic but it is seldom documented in academic literature how packet analysis is used in the teaching and learning within cyber security courses. In this poster, the practice of using Wireshark and the analysis of network traffic is documented with details about how packet analysis was used as an assessment approach, where students were required to identify the malware of Emotet, and its associated network traffic behaviour. Our ongoing and future work include implementing and evaluating the approach of using packet analysis as a form of assessment, with the aim of this poster to elicit feedback from conference participants on the practice itself, and how it can be used to ensure effective student learning.