Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Informal caregiver’s socio demographic profile for community-dwelling women and men with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease, compliance, and satisfaction to treatment: A post-hoc analysis of the AXEPT study

Abstract In this post-hoc analysis of the AXEPT study, 855 patients were analyzed, 544 (63.6%) females. The mean (± SD) MMSE score in women vs men was 20.8 ± 2.6 vs. 21.2 ± 2.5; p = 0.0087, and women were more likely affected by psychiatric disorders (n = 76, 14.0% women vs. n = 21, 6.8% men; p = 0.0015). Men were mainly assisted by their wives (n = 207, 66.6%), women mainly by their daughters (n = 243, 44.7%) and only in a minority of cases by their husbands (n = 92, 16.9%). Women less frequently cohabited with their caregivers than men (n = 233, 43.1% vs. n = 240, 77.9%, p < 0.0001), and received less daily time of caregiving (mean (± SD): 10.0 ± 7.2 vs. 15.2 ± 8.2; p < 0.0001). No gender differences were highlighted in compliance to treatment and caregiver satisfaction, while gender differences in caregiving were found at disadvantage of women affected by more severe cognitive and psychiatric conditions.
Baricitinib provides rapid and sustained improvements in absolute EASI and SCORAD outcomes in adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis

Abstract Background Baricitinib is an oral selective Janus kinase 1/2 inhibitor approved for moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD) in adults. Objectives To evaluate absolute Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) and SCORing of Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) outcomes over 16 weeks and to link disease severity categories to quality of life (QoL) improvements. Methods This post-hoc analysis included patients enrolled in Phase3 monotherapy (BREEZE-AD1/AD2) and topical corticosteroid (TCS) combination therapy (BREEZE-AD7) trials and analyzed baricitinib 2 and 4 mg vs. placebo. Categorical outcomes were analyzed using Fisher’s exact test. Results Significantly more baricitinib-treated patients reached EASI ≤ 7 and SCORAD < 25 as early as week 1 in monotherapy and week 2 in TCS combination therapy, compared to placebo. Significant response vs. placebo was sustained until week 16 for EASI ≤ 7 (AD1/2 [p-value vs. placebo]: 2 mg = 19.9%, 4 mg = 25.4% [p = 0.001] and AD7: 2 mg = 40.4% [p = 0.087], 4 mg = 48.6% [p = 0.003]) and SCORAD < 25 (AD1/2: 2 mg = 12.2%, 4 mg = 19.4% [p = 0.001] and AD7: 2 mg = 30.3% [p = 0.025], 4 mg = 34.2% [p = 0.004]) severity categories. These effects were accompanied by rapid improvements in QoL. Conclusion Baricitinib-treated patients rapidly achieved recommended absolute EASI and SCORAD treatment outcomes which were sustained until week 16. Improvements in QoL were greater than EASI severity categories reflected, indicating that physician-assessed scores do not necessarily correlate with patients’ impression of AD severity.
Schlieren imaging investigation of the hydrodynamics of atmospheric helium plasma jets

This work investigates the hydrodynamic characteristics of a coaxial double-ring electrode helium plasma jet by means of a “Z-type” Schlieren imaging system. The Schlieren images and visual optical photographs made show that a transition point from a laminar region to a turbulent region exists for gas flow without plasma when the helium flow rate exceeds a certain value. After plasma ignition, the laminar region shrinks with voltage increases, and the maximum length of the plasma plume is confined to the laminar region. The heat transfer equation and the spectral broadening of the He I 667.8 nm were used to estimate the increased gas temperature in the plasma jet, and the change in gas velocity by ionic momentum transfer was found by application of a double sphere collision model. As a result, gas heating is considered to be the dominant factor for the earlier onset of turbulence after plasma ignition, whereas the role of ion momentum transfer to neutral gas molecules is comparatively weak. The hydrodynam.
Development of a Portable Low-Cost System for the Metrological Verification Of Wheelchair Roller Ergometers.

Wheelchair ergometers are widely used in research, clinical practice, and sports environments. The majority of wheelchair ergometers are roller systems that allow for wheelchair propulsion in the personal wheelchair on one or two (instrumented) rollers. Oftentimes these systems are only statically calibrated. However, wheelchair propulsion is dynamic by nature, requiring a dynamic validation process. The aim of the current project was to present a low-cost portable system for the dynamic metrological verification of wheelchair roller ergometers, based on an instrumented reference wheel. The tangential force on the roller is determined, along with its uncertainty, from the reference wheel properties, and compared with the force measured by the ergometer. Uncertainty of this reference wheel system was found to be lower than the one of the ergometer used, indicating that this novel approach can be used for the metrological verification of ergometers.
Estimating Waterborne Infectious Disease Burden by Exposure Route, United States, 2014

More than 7.15 million cases of domestically acquired infectious waterborne illnesses occurred in the United States in 2014, causing 120,000 hospitalizations and 6,600 deaths. We estimated disease incidence for 17 pathogens according to recreational, drinking, and nonrecreational nondrinking (NRND) water exposure routes by using previously published estimates. In 2014, a total of 5.61 million (95% credible interval [CrI] 2.97–9.00 million) illnesses were linked to recreational water, 1.13 million (95% CrI 255,000–3.54 million) to drinking water, and 407,000 (95% CrI 72,800–1.29 million) to NRND water. Recreational water exposure was responsible for 36%, drinking water for 40%, and NRND water for 24% of hospitalizations from waterborne illnesses. Most direct costs were associated with pathogens found in biofilms. Estimating disease burden by water exposure route helps direct prevention activities. For each exposure route, water management programs are needed to control biofilm-associated pathogen growth; public health programs are needed to prevent biofilm-associated diseases.
The impact of COVID-19 infection on cytochrome P450 3A4-mediated drug metabolism and drug interactions

SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID19), has given rise to a global pandemic that has taken the lives of approximately 7 million individuals [1]. COVID-19 ranges from an asymptomatic/mild to severe/life-threatening disease which may be characterized by hyper-inflammation, multi-organ failure, respiratory distress syndrome, and ultimately death [2]. The ability of viral infections to reduce hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolism was first recognized over 40 years ago through observations of clinically significant adverse responses to theophylline in asthmatic children during an influenza B outbreak [3]. Emerging evidence suggests the possibility of similar COVID-19 and CYP metabolism interactions. Specifically, the pro-inflammatory response in COVID-19, characterized by an increase in cytokines, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interferon-γ, and a variety of interleukins including IL-6, reduces hepatic CYP3A4 metabolism resulting in altered drug levels and in some cases adverse drug responses [4,5]. To support this editorial, we conducted a review of the recent literature to identify the interactions between COVID-19 and CYP3A4 metabolism. The potential impact of COVID-19 on the pharmacokinetics and responses to CYP3A4-metabolized medications, resulting considerations for medication management during SARS-CoV-2 infection, remaining gaps in knowledge, and needed future research are discussed.
Cruciferous Vegetable Intake and Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Introduction: The relationship between cruciferous vegetables and prostate cancer (PCa) risk remains contentious. This study aimed to assess the association between consuming cruciferous vegetables and PCa risk. Methods: We carried out a systematic search through PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library until September 20, 2022. The results of the article will be analyzed using the Stata 14 software. This meta-analysis was reported as directed by the PRISMA guidance, and the study protocol was recorded in PROSPERO (CRD42022361556). Results: 7 case-control studies and 9 cohort studies were eventually included, including 70,201 PCa cases and 1,264,437 members. The higher the intake of cruciferous vegetables, the lower the risk of PCa. In comparison to the lowest dose of cruciferous vegetables, the overall relative risk (RR) of cruciferous vegetables having the highest dose was 0.87 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.80–0.95; I2 = 59.2%). A significant linear trend (p = 0.002) was observed for the association, with a combined RR of 0.955 (95% CI: 0.928–0.982) for every 15 g of cruciferous vegetables per day. Conclusions: The study revealed that consumption of cruciferous vegetables may be linked to reduced PCa risk.
Kinetic modeling of the Saturn ring-ionosphere plasma environment

A time independent kinetic plasma model has been developed for studying the plasma conditions on magnetic field lines linking the Saturnian ionosphere and rings. The model includes the gravitational, magnetic mirror, centripetal, and ambipolar electric forces. It includes the effect of the mixing of two plasma populations, a warm electron and water-derived ion (O+, OH+, or H2O+) plasma coming from the rings, and a cool electron and hydrogen ion plasma coming from the ionosphere. Results of the model suggest that the dominant ion near the C ring will be H+ with densities ≥1.0 cm−3. For most of the B ring, the Cassini division, and the A ring the dominant ion will be the water-derived ion, with densities as high as 50 cm−3, depending on the plasma flux from the rings. The flux of water-derived ions from the rings to the ionosphere (at 2500 km) may be as high as 5×107 cm−2 s−1 for regions of the ionosphere magnetically connected to the outer B ring, independent of the peak ionosphere plasma density. The model results also suggest that the outflow of hydrogen from the ionosphere to the rings may be shut off for field lines passing through the outer B ring and A ring. This is due to the ambipolar electric field set up by the warm ring plasma trapped near the ring plane by the centripetal force.
JNK1 activated pRb/E2F1 and inhibited p53/p21 signaling pathway is involved in hydroquinone‐induced pathway malignant transformation of TK6 cells by accelerating the cell cycle progression

Hydroquinone (HQ) is an important metabolites of benzene in the body, and it has been found to result in cellular DNA damage, mutation, cell cycle imbalance, and malignant transformation. The JNK1 signaling pathway plays an important role in DNA damage repair. In this study, we focused on whether the JNK1 signaling pathway is involved in the HQ‐induced cell cycle abnormalities and the underlying mechanism. The results showed that HQ induced abnormal progression of the cell cycle and initiated the JNK1 signaling pathway. We further confirmed that JNK1 suppression decelerated the cell cycle progression through inhibiting pRb/E2F1 signaling pathway and triggering p53/p21 pathway. Therefore, we concluded that JNK1 might be involved in HQ‐induced malignant transformation associated with activating pRb/E2F1 and inhibiting p53/p21 signaling pathway which resulting in accelerating the cell cycle progression.
Autobalancing of high-speed rotors suspended by magnetic bearings using LMS adaptive feedforward compensation

To suppress unbalanced vibrations of low-speed rotors suspended by magnetic bearings, such as a magnetically suspended flywheel, an autobalancing control method based on elimination of synchronous force has been applied. But its precision may decrease for high-speed rotors such as magnetically suspended control moment gyros. The reason is that the low-pass characteristic of an amplifier in a magnetic bearing control system causes errors in the force elimination. Moreover, this low-pass characteristic increases with rotational speed. To resolve this problem, we propose an autobalancing control scheme using adaptive feedforward compensation based on a least mean square (LMS) algorithm. In this LMS algorithm, two input signals are synchronous displacement and its orthogonal signal. The weights of the input signals are introduced into the algorithm. They are updated in the principle of least mean square to minimize the error between actual and reference values of synchronous current. In simulation and experiments, this method reduces synchronous vibration to less than 40% of that with conventional proportional feedforward. The results demonstrate that this method counteracts the negative effect of low-pass characteristics of an amplifier adaptively and suppresses the synchronous vibration force more precisely. Accordingly, high-precision autobalancing of high-speed rotors can be achieved.
Identifying asthma-related risks during hospitalization using the child asthma risk assessment tool

Abstract Objective: The Child Asthma Risk Assessment Tool (CARAT) identifies risk factors for asthma morbidity. We hypothesized that CARAT-identified risk factors (using a CARAT adapted for inpatient use) would be associated with future healthcare utilization and would identify areas for intervention. Methods: We reviewed CARAT data collected during pediatric asthma admissions from 2010–2015, assessing for risk factors in environmental, medical, and social domains and providing prompts for inpatient (specialist consultation or social services engagement) and post-discharge interventions (home care visit or home environmental assessment). Confirmatory factor analysis identified groups of CARAT-identified risk factors with similar effects on healthcare utilization (latent factors). Structural equation models then evaluated relationships between latent factors and future utilization. Results: There were 2731 unique patients admitted for asthma exacerbations; 1015 (37%) had complete CARAT assessments and were included in analyses. Those with incomplete CARAT assessments were more often younger and privately-insured. CARAT-identified risk factors across domains were common in children hospitalized for exacerbations. Risks in the environmental domain were most common. Inpatient asthma consults by pulmonologists or allergists and home care referrals were the most frequent interventions indicated (62%, 628/1015, and 50%, 510/1015, respectively). Two latent factors were positively associated with healthcare utilization in the year after index stay – social stressors and known/suspected allergies (both p < 0.05). Stratified analyses analyzing data just from those children with prior healthcare utilization also indicated known/suspected allergies to be positively associated with future utilization. Conclusions: Inpatient interventions to address social stressors and allergic profiles may be warranted to reduce subsequent asthma morbidity.
Comparison of Exergames Versus Conventional Exercises on the Health Benefits of Older Adults: Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Background Conventional exercises (CEs) can provide health benefits for older adults, but the long-term exercise adherence rate is low. As an emerging, stimulating, and self-motivating strategy, exergames (EGs) are defined as combinations of exercises and games that users carry out through physical actions. They can promote exercise, but the health effects of EGs versus CEs on the physical function and mental health (cognitive function, depression, and quality of life) of older adults remain controversial. Objective The aim of the study is to compare the health benefits of EGs versus those of CEs for the physical function and mental health of older adults. Methods A comprehensive search was conducted from the earliest available date to February 2023 in the following 6 databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane, CINAHL, and PsycINFO. All English-language randomized controlled trials comparing the effects of EGs versus those of CEs on the physical function and mental health of older adults, with nearly same physical activity between the 2 interventions, were included. Risk of bias was independently evaluated by 2 authors using the Cochrane risk of bias in randomized trials tool. Two authors independently extracted data. We followed the Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reviews of Interventions to process and analyze the data for meta-analysis. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% CIs were used for continuous data, and random models were used for analyses. Results We included 12 studies consisting of 919 participants in total. Of these, 10 studies were eventually included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that EGs versus CEs exhibited no significant differences in physical (P=.13; τ2=0.31; χ26=26.6; I2=77%; SMD=0.37; 95% CI –0.11 to 0.86) or cognitive function (P=.63; τ2=0.01; χ23=3.1; I2=4%; SMD=0.09; 95% CI –0.27 to 0.44) effects. Conclusions Our findings indicate no significant difference between EGs and CEs in improving the physical function and cognitive function of older adults. Future studies are required to compare the effects of EGs versus those of CEs on cognitive function according to cognitive status, quantify the “dose-effect” relationship between EGs and health benefits, and evaluate the effects of different types and devices of EGs with regard to the health benefits of older adults. Trial Registration PROSPERO CRD42022322734; https://www.crd. york.ac. uk/prospero/display_record. php? RecordID=322734
An Investigation of Pre-Services Mathematics Teachers' Performances on Systems of Linear Equations within the Context of Self-Efficacy Levels

Bu arastirmada, matematik ogretmen adaylarinin lineer denklem sistemleri konusunda sergiledikleri performanslarinin lineer denklem sistemleri oz-yeterlik algi duzeyleri baglaminda incelenmesi amaclanmaktadir. Olcegin konu bazinda gelistirilerek performansla iliskisinin arastirilmasi calismanin ozgunlugunu ortaya koymaktadir. Ozel durum deseninin benimsendigi arastirmada katilimcilar, olasiliksiz ornekleme yontemlerinden amacli ornekleme teknigi ile belirlenmis olup 2009-2010 egitim ogretim yilinda, bir devlet universitesi egitim fakultesi ilkogretim matematik egitimi lisans programina kayitli 42 lineer cebir ogrencisinden olusmaktadir. Calismada veri toplama araclari olarak, arastirmacilar tarafindan gecerlik ve guvenirlik calismalari yapilarak gelistirilen Lineer Denklem Sistemleri Oz-yeterlik Algisi Olcegi ve Lineer Denklem Sistemleri Performans Testi kullanilmistir. Elde edilen nicel veriler kestirimsel, nitel veriler ise betimsel istatistik kullanilarak analiz edilmistir. Arastirmada, ogretmen adaylarinin lineer denklem sistemleri konusunda orta duzeyde performans sergilerken oz-yeterlik algilarinin yuksek duzeyde oldugu gorulmustur. Sergilenen performans ile oz-yeterlik algi duzeyleri arasindaki pozitif yonde orta duzeyde anlamli iliskinin varligi ozyeterlik algisinin performansi etkilediginin bir gostergesidir
Identification method of gradient models parameters of inhomogeneous structures based on discrete atomistic simulations

identification. In this paper, the characteristics, features and the corresponding boundary value problems of gradient theories of elasticity are examined. A brief description on one-parametric applied model, which is one of the several variants of the gradient elasticity theories, is given. In relation to that, we represent a continuum gradient model of two-phase composite structures that will allow us to evaluate the influence of scale parameters on their effective mechanical properties. In identifying the additional physical parameters of gradient elasticity models, a new method is introduced where a comparison between the results of continuum and discrete-atomistic modeling for specific tested heterogeneous structures is made. As a result, a procedure and the respective algorithm defining the additional parameter of applied gradient continuum model of heterogeneous media is proposed; and in such procedure, an interphase zone is characterized at the contact surface of a two-phase composite and the scale effects represented by cohesions-interaction fields, which are localized near to the boundaries of contact surfaces, are defined.
Do Left-Handed Older Adults Have Superior Visual Memories?

On demanding visual memory tasks like the Rey Complex Figure Test and Recognition Trial (RCFT), left-handers often outperform right-handers and participants with mixed handedness. Left-handers’ apparent visual memory superiority develops during late childhood and early adolescence and is established by young adulthood. Though many studies have examined RCFT performance in older adults and found that visual memory deteriorates with age, investigations of the relationship between handedness and visual memory abilities in older adults have been scarce. In the present study I sought to determine whether a left-handed RCFT performance advantage would be evident among older adults. I examined RCFT and handedness data from 800 older adults (Females = 152, Males = 648; M age = 69.86, SD = 5.18 years; range 60–85 years), who took part in prior research (Whitehall II Phase 11 sub-study). Among these participants, handedness predicted both immediate and delayed RCFT recall, with left-handers outperforming both mixed- and right-handers and with performance unrelated to gender. The absence of a left-handed advantage for copy accuracy suggests that the effects observed for recall do not stem from differences in participants’ perceptual abilities and/or motor control. Instead, these data suggest that left-handers’ superior performances stem from their advantage for visual memory. As visual memory predicts both motor learning capacity and motor skill retention in older adults, these results have potentially important implications for rehabilitation efficacy.
Ethnic differences in hepatocellular carcinoma prevalence and therapeutic outcomes

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer‐related death worldwide. The incidence of HCC is affected by genetic and non‐genetic factors. Genetically, mutations in the genes, tumor protein P53 (TP53), catenin beta 1 (CTNNB1), AT‐rich interaction domain 1A (ARIC1A), cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A), mannose 6‐phosphate (M6P), smooth muscle action against decapentaplegic (SMAD2), retinoblastoma gene (RB1), cyclin D, antigen presenting cells (APC), AXIN1, and E‐cadherin, have been shown to contribute to the occurrence of HCC. Non‐genetic factors, including alcohol consumption, exposure to aflatoxin, age, gender, presence of hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), increase the risk of HCC.
Elastic properties and electronic structures of lanthanide hexaborides

The structural, elastic, and electronic properties of a series of lanthanide hexaborides (LnB6) have been investigated by performing ab initio calculations based on the density functional theory using the Vienna ab initio simulation package. The calculated lattice and elastic constants of LnB6 are in good agreement with the available experimental data and other theoretical results. The polycrystalline Young’s modulus, shear modulus, the ratio of bulk to shear modulus B/G, Poisson’s ratios, Zener anisotropy factors, as well as the Debye temperature are calculated, and all of the properties display some regularity with increasing atomic number of lanthanide atoms, whereas anomalies are observed for EuB6 and YbB6. In addition, detailed electronic structure calculations are carried out to shed light on the peculiar elastic properties of LnB6. The total density of states demonstrates the existence of a pseudogap and indicates lower structure stability of EuB6 and YbB6 compared with others.