Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association of neointimal morphology by optical coherence tomography with rupture of neoatherosclerotic plaque very late after coronary stent implantation.

Purpose: Neoatherosclerosis within a stent has been recently described as a culprit of late stent failure. We investigated by optical coherence tomography (OCT) the association of neoatherosclerotic plaque morphology with neointimal rupture (NR) and clinical presentation in patients late after coronary stent implantation. Methods: From 1/1/2007 to 31/1/2012, 74 patients from two institutions underwent OCT assessment of a coronary stent implanted at least 18 months prior to OCT study. Native atherosclerosis criteria were used for neointimal characterization. Results: Neoatherosclerosis was observed in 59.5% of the stents (n=44). Stents with neoatherosclerosis were more often associated with symptoms compared to stents without neoatherosclerosis (59.1% acute coronary syndrome (ACS), 25% stable angina (SA), and 15.9% asymptomatic versus 43.3% ACS, 6.7% SA, 50% asymptomatic, p<0.01). Among neoatherosclerotic lesions (n=44), NR was detected in 19 (43.2%) and had higher incidence in ACS (61.5%) than in SA (18.2%) and asymptomatic (14.3%) (p<0.05). Thrombus was detected in all NR cases. Fibrous cap thickness was lower in NR lesions compared to lesions without NR (48±21 μm versus 104±58μm, p<0.01). Lipid content tended to be higher in lesions with NR (260±103° versus 203±85°, p=0.051). Lesions with NR had more often dense macrophage infiltration (84.2% versus 44.0%, p<0.05). There were no differences in neovascularization or calcifications between lesions with or without NR. Conclusions: Neoatherosclerosis is frequent and more common among symptomatic patients. Importantly, neointimal rupture is associated with ACS late after stent implantation. Specific morphological characteristics, such as cap thickness and macrophage infiltration are associated with rupture of neoatherosclerotic plaques.
Secondary electron energy loss coincidence (e,2e) spectroscopy on Ag and Si surfaces

Qualitative information on the mechanism of secondary electron emission with respect to loss processes has been gathered by measuring the coincidences between secondary electrons and inelastically backscattered electrons on a polycrystalline silver (Ag) and an amorphised silicon (Si) sample using a specially designed (e,2e) coincidence spectrometer. Primary electrons impinge on the sample with an energy of 100 eV. Correlated emission of electron pairs was observed with a hemispherical mirror analyzer (backscattered electrons with losses up to 50 eV) and a time of flight analyzer (secondary electrons with energies up to 50eV). A comparison of these experimental data with a Monte Carlo (MC) simulation model is made. It is found that surface excitations play an important role in secondary electron emission mechanism. For Ag, low energy loss distributions were compared with calculations using linear response theory and agreed satisfactorily even though the expected limit of validity of this type of theories is for energies ≥100 eV.
Heavy doping effects in Mg-doped GaN

The electrical properties of p-type Mg-doped GaN are investigated through variable-temperature Hall effect measurements. Samples with a range of Mg-doping concentrations were prepared by metalorganic chemical vapor phase deposition. A number of phenomena are observed as the dopant density is increased to the high values typically used in device applications: the effective acceptor energy depth decreases from 190 to 112 meV, impurity conduction at low temperature becomes more prominent, the compensation ratio increases, and the valence band mobility drops sharply. The measured doping efficiency drops in samples with Mg concentration above 2×1020 cm−3.
Setup for observing living cells using a commercial atomic force microscope

In this note, we present a setup which can be adapted to commercially available atomic force microscopes (Nanoscope II and III) to permit the observation of living cells in nearly physiological conditions. The setup permits one to heat the sample up to 40 °C, to exchange (without the use of the “O” ring) the imaging buffer while measuring, and to distinguish fluorescently labeled cell subpopulations.
A Biweight Prediction Interval for Random Samples

Abstract This study takes a biweight approach to providing a prediction interval for a single future observation. This problem—equivalent to the problem of estimating quantiles—is of fundamental importance in ascertaining the nature of a process. The prediction or quantile problem is difficult for a robust estimator, since much of the desired information is in the extremes of the sample, whose influence the robust estimator is designed to resist. The situation is further complicated when the population has heavy tails. The proposed biweight prediction interval efficiently extracts this information from the extremes of the sample without breaking down. It provides accurate quantile estimates or prediction even in very demanding situations, such as when the sample size is small but the desired prediction level is large. There is clearly a need for such an interval, since predictions must often be made from a limited number of observations. For example, it may be desirable to predict the crashworthiness of a.
Modeling Interaction Effects in Latent Growth Curve Models

This article presents an extension of Jöreskog and Yang's (1996) method of estimating interaction effects among latent variables to latent growth curve models. Models involving a product of 2 latent factors of either static or dynamic variables (parental monitoring and rule-setting) predicting an outcome growth variable (adolescents' initial status and rate of change in antisocial behavior) are used as substantive illustrations. The results are discussed in terms of practical and statistical problems associated with interaction analyses in latent curve models, and in structural equation models with latent variables in general.
Posterior Odds with a Generalized Hyper-g-Prior

Averaged orthogonal rotations of Zellner's g-prior yield general, interpretable, closed form Bayes factors for the normal linear model variable selection problem. Coupled with a model space prior that balances the weight between the identifiable and the unidentifiable models, limiting forms for the posterior odds ratios are seen to yield new expressions for high dimensional model choice.
A. N. Kolmogorov - the founder of the theory of reversible Markov processes

CONTENTS § 1. Introduction § 2. Reversible processes § 3. Reversible locally discrete Markov processes with interaction § 4. Reversible diffusion processes with interaction § 5. The invariance principle for reversible processes § 6. The concept of reversibility in the theory of queues References
Magnetoelectric behavior of carbonyl iron mixed Mn oxide-coated ferrite nanoparticles

The dielectric and magnetic properties of manganese oxide-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) were measured by the cavity perturbation method at x-band microwave frequencies ranging from 7–12.5 GHz with controlled external magnetic field up to 2.2 kOe at room temperature. Different ratios (5%, 10%, and 20% by weight) of coated NPs were prepared by sol-gel method then mixed with carbonyl iron powder in epoxy matrix. The saturation magnetization is inversely proportional to the NPs ratio in the mixture between 150 and 180 emu/g. The real part of the permittivity decreased with increasing NPs concentration, but the permittivity change by magnetic field increased. The tunability behavior is explained by insulator-ferromagnetic interface magnetoelectricity and the large surface volume ratio for the NPs.
Recursive computation of inner bounds for the parameters of linear models

Minimum-volume ellipsoidal outer bounds on the parameters of linear regression-type models with bounded model-output error can be computed by an established algorithm. A complementary algorithm to compute maximum-volume ellipsoidal inner bounds is derived. It is little more complicated than the existing outer-bounding algorithm. In conjunction with that algorithm, it allows parameter values to be classified as acceptable, dubious or unacceptable. It is also found to be effective in determining output-error bounds by trial and error during development of parameter-bounding models.
General hypothesis for nanowire synthesis. I. Extended principles and evidential (experimental and theoretical) demonstration

Nanowires, nanotubes, and nanodots (quantum dots) are nanomaterials (NMTs). While nanodots are miniaturized nanowires, nanotubes are hollow nanowires. A universal model for basic science of the synthesis and characteristics of NMTs must be established. To achieve this goal, a general hypothesis has been presented. This hypothesis makes use of the concept of droplets from seeds, the fundamentals of the adhesive properties of droplets, and a set of droplet characteristics. Fundamentals underlying the droplet formation from nanoparticle seeds under various physicochemical and thermodynamic conditions have been articulated. A model of thermodynamic imbalance of seeds at the growth temperature has been formulated. The dependence of thermodynamic imbalance on parameters such as surface energy, temperature, seed dimension, etc. has been described. The role of thermodynamic imbalance of seeds and of the foreign element catalytic agent (FECA) on NMT growth has been examined. Three different NMT growths, namely, FE.
Digital correction of keystoning caused by image translation

Translating rectangular 2D images in planes perpendicular to the line of sight can create image distortion known as keystoning or projection warp. This can occur when viewing several images on a plane from a fixed position, when cross viewing, or when using non-parallel mirrors to view stereo pairs. In the latter case, vertical disparity can become a problem. The projection warp and its inverse are derived as functions of the viewing and translation parameters. It is shown that vertical disparity can be significant, even in small image translations. The inverse transformation applied to the original image corrects the keystoning caused by the translation. Rendering of the inverse image is also discussed.
Cosmic background radiation anisotropies in universes dominated by nonbaryonic dark matter

Detailed calculations of the temperature fluctuations in the cosmic background radiation for universes dominated by massive collisionless relics of the big bang are presented. An initially adiabatic constant curvature perturbation spectrum is assumed. In models with cold dark matter, the simplest hypothesis - that galaxies follow the mass distribution leads to small-scale anisotropies which exceed current observational limits if omega is less than 0.2 h to the -4/3. Since low values of omega are indicated by dynamical studies of galaxy clustering, cold particle models in which light traces mass are probably incorrect. Reheating of the pregalactic medium is unlikely to modify this conclusion. In cold particle or neutrino-dominated universes with omega = 1, presented predictions for small-scale and quadrupole anisotropies are below current limits. In all cases, the small-scale fluctuations are predicted to be about 10 percent linearly polarized.
Dc superconducting quantum interference device amplifier for gravitational wave detectors with a true noise temperature of 16 μK

We report on the noise characterization of a two-stage dc superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) amplifier developed for resonant gravitational wave detectors. The back action noise is estimated by coupling the SQUID to an electrical resonator at 1.6 kHz with Q=1.1×106. From measurements of back action and additive SQUID noise, performed in the temperature range 1.5–4.2 K, an upper limit is set on the noise temperature Tn of the device at the resonator frequency. The best value obtained at 1.5 K is Tn⩽16 μK and corresponds to 200 resonator quanta. The thermal component of the noise temperature is found in reasonable agreement with the predicted value.
Porous silicon as an internal reflector in thin epitaxial solar cells

Thin film epitaxial silicon solar cells are considered a near future alternative to bulk silicon solar cells. However due to the limited thickness of the active layer they require efficient light trapping. Therefore we propose the development and implementation of such light confinement by means of a porous silicon (PS) intermediate reflector at the epi/substrate interface. The formation of the reflector is done by electrochemical etching of a highly doped Si substrate into a multilayer stack (Bragg‐optical reflector), and is followed by epitaxial deposition of the active layer. The implementation of the PS reflector however requires detailed analysis of many problematic issues, foremost the optical optimisation of the stack for internal reflection at the Si/PS/Si interface. Other topics include the pore rearrangement during high‐temperature CVD as well as the quality of the epitaxial layer grown on porous silicon. Another challenge is the resistance within the PS layers. For that purpose, SRP (Spreading Resistance Probe) and resistance measurements were performed to determine the conductive properties of rearranged PS. First cells with a 9‐layer porous silicon reflector gave a very promising efficiency of 13.5% which is 1.5% higher compared to cells without internal reflector. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Excitation of Giant Magnetic and Spin-Isospin Dipole States in Radiative pi-Capture on N-14 and B-10

The photon spectra in the capture of stopped pions on $^{14}\mathrm{N}$ and $^{10}\mathrm{B}$ were measured in the 50-150-MeV region with a high-resolution pair spectrometer. The total radiative capture branching ratios are 2.13\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.21 and 2.27\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.22%, respectively. The spectrum corresponding to the first 13 MeV excitation in each of the residual nuclei $^{14}\mathrm{C}$ and $^{10}\mathrm{Be}$ is dominated by the transition to the analog of a giant $M1$ state of the target nucleus. The ground state transitions in both nuclei are resolved experimentally. The measured branching ratio for the extremely weak $^{14}\mathrm{C}$(g.s.) transition is (3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2) \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$. There is evidence for selective excitation of the analogs of the giant dipole spin-isospin states of $^{14}\mathrm{N}$, of which the ${3}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ component appears to be the strongest. In $^{10}\mathrm{B}$ the transition strength to the giant resonance region is more fragmented. An analysis is presented that employs an impulse-approximation Hamiltonian with amplitudes taken directly from the fundamental process on the nucleon, ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}+p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}n+\ensuremath{\gamma}$, and shell-model wave functions obtained using realistic interactions in the $1s$, $1p$, and $2s\ensuremath{-}1d$ shells. Also, a calculation for the $^{14}\mathrm{C}$(g.s.) transition from $1s$ capture using the "elementary-particle soft-pion" ansatz is presented.
Observation of colossal positive and negative magnetoresistance in perovskite-type manganese oxide Nd0.67Ca0.33MnO3

The co-existence of colossal positive and negative magnetoresistance has been observed in a perovskite-type material Nd0.67Ca0. 33MnO3. The hysteretic behavior of resistivity in temperature and magnetic field suggests the existence of phase transition. Positive magnetoresistance (positive-MR = [ρ(B) − ρ(0)]/ρ(0)) up to 10000% was observed below insulator-metal transition temperature, TI − M ~ 45 K, accompanied by a negative magnetoresistance (negative-MR) with further increasing magnetic field. The positive-MR may be attributed to the field-induced carrier localization (CL), whereas the very large negative-MR is believed to be due to the field-induced collapse of charge ordering.
Edge-preserving MAP estimation of motion vector fields in noisy low-dose x-ray image sequences

We describe a motion compensated temporally recursive noise reduction technique especially suited for sequences of moving X-ray images, where we focus on a robust motion estimator which is able to deal with the high noise levels in such images. These noise levels are caused by the very low X-ray dose rates used in medical real-time imaging (quantum-limited imaging). The robustness of our motion estimator is achieved by spatiotemporal regularization using a generalized Gauss-Markov random field. Unlike quadratic regularization by Gauss-Markov random fields, generalized Gauss-Markov random fields are able to account for motion edges without the need to explicitly specify an detection threshold. Instead, our model controls edges by a `soft' parameter, which gradually allows the regularization term to behave like a median filter, which preserves edges without using detection thresholds.
A Radio Jet-H2O Maser System in W75N(B) at a 200 Au Scale: Exploring the Evolutionary Stages of Young Stellar Objects

We have observed simultaneously with the VLA in its A configuration the 1.3 cm continuum and H2O maser emission toward the star-forming region W75N(B) with 0. ″1 resolution using a powerful cross-calibration technique. Three continuum sources (VLA 1, VLA 2, and VLA 3) were detected in a region of 1. ″5. VLA 1 is elongated (0.″43 × 0.″12) approximately in the direction of the bipolar molecular outflow observed at scales of 2'. The frequency dependence of the flux density and size are consistent with an optically partially thick ionized thermal biconical jet. VLA 2 appears unresolved, while VLA 3 shows a bright core plus extended emission. We detected 29 H2O maser spots (spatial components) in a region of 13'' × 7'' around W75N(B). These masers are mainly distributed in two clusters, one associated with VLA 1 (11 maser spots), and the other one associated with VLA 2 (eight maser spots). One H2O maser spot is associated with VLA 3. The masers associated with VLA 1 are distributed along the major axis of the radio jet. We conclude that VLA 1 is the powering source of the extended bipolar molecular outflow and that the water masers along the radio jet axis are delineating the outflow at scales of 1''. On the other hand, the eight masers coincident with VLA 2 are distributed in a shell of 0. ″18 × 0. ″10, with a rough north-south velocity segregation that could indicate bound motions around this continuum source. From the comparison of H2O and OH maser distribution in the region with respect to the three radio sources, we consider an evolutionary scheme in which H2O masers are excited in gravitationally bound material (e.g., in circumstellar disks) in less evolved young stellar objects (YSOs), while in more evolved YSOs H2O masers preferentially trace outflows.
A model to incorporat within-pair order effects in paired comparisons

The paired comparison model proposed by Bradlay and Tarry (1952) is extanded to account for within-pair order effects La. paired comaparison experiments. The L.A.M.S. T. procedure given by Bhat and Nagnur (1955) is applied in testing hypotheses about the parameters of the model. For the hypothesis of aquality of preference ratings when there is a common order-effect parametar far all pairs, it is shown that the proposed test procedure is batter than those proposed by other authors in the sense that its asymptotic relative efficiency is greater than or equal to one. A numerical example is also given.
A NOTE ON CUMULUS GROWTH IN A NONSATURATED ENVIRONMENT

Abstract On the basis of certain evidence it is concluded that mixing between the cumulus cloud and its environment affects the development of the cloud. It is shown that, for the case of mixing, the lapse rate of temperature within the cloud is greater than the moist-adiabatic rate and also that low relative humidities within the environment disfavor the cloud growth. A synoptic study supports the hypothesis that the forecast of convective showers should take into consideration the relative humidity above the convective condensation level.
Pricing and Deltas of Discretely-Monitored Barrier Options Using Stratified Sampling on the Hitting-Times to the Barrier

We develop new Monte Carlo techniques based on stratifying the stock's hitting-times to the barrier for the pricing and Delta calculations of discretely-monitored barrier options using the Black-Scholes model. We include a new algorithm for sampling an Inverse Gaussian random variable such that the sampling is restricted to a subset of the sample space. We compare our new methods to existing Monte Carlo methods and find that they can substantially improve convergence speeds.
Long‐Range Shallow‐Water Transmission

Computation of propagation losses are presented for 200‐ to 2000‐cps sound in 25‐fathom water to ranges of 250 miles over different bottoms for a zero gradient (isospeed), and out to 50 miles for a both weak negative gradient and a strong negative gradient. The ray method is used, together with the assumption of random phase after the first bottom reflection, to formulate the theory. The resulting computed transmission loss anomalies exhibit a marked dependence on: (1) the ratio of source depth to wavelength, (2) the sound‐speed gradients, and (3) bottom reflection losses at small grazing angles. The bottom reflection losses are strongly dependent on the attenuation in the bottom. Some long‐range experimental data are presented which show a quantitative agreement with the computed curves out to ranges of 40 miles.
Evolution of Turbulence from the Rayleigh-Bénard Instability

Measurements of heat transport through horizontal layers of fluid heated from below are reported for three aspect ratios $\ensuremath{\Gamma} (\ensuremath{\Gamma}=\frac{D}{2d}, D=\mathrm{diameter}, d=\mathrm{height}\mathrm{of}\mathrm{the}\mathrm{cylindrical}\mathrm{cells})$. They show that for $\ensuremath{\Gamma}=57$ the fluid flow is turbulent, in the sense that it has an a nonperiodic time dependence, for numbers $Rg{R}_{t}$ with ${R}_{t}\ensuremath{\cong}{R}_{c} ({R}_{c})$ is the critical $R$ for onset of fluid flow). For $\ensuremath{\Gamma}=4.72$, we find ${R}_{t}\ensuremath{\cong}2{R}_{c}$. For $\ensuremath{\Gamma}=2.08$, a quasiperiodic state exists for ${R}_{p}l~Rl~{R}_{t}$, with ${R}_{p}\ensuremath{\cong}10{R}_{c}$ and ${R}_{t}\ensuremath{\cong}11{R}_{c}$.
Active horizontal vibration reducing device for elevator

An elevator vibration reducing device in which horizontal vibrations of a cage are detected by a vibration sensor. The cage is displaced horizontally by an actuator. A control portion for controlling the actuator has a computing portion for computing a vibration reduction control signal for reducing the horizontal vibrations of the cage based on a vibration detection signal generated by the vibration sensor. The control portion has a detection signal comparing portion for comparing a detection value obtained from the vibration detection signal with a previously set value, and stopping controlling of the actuator when the detection value becomes no less than the set value.