Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Occurrence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Bovine Bulk Milk and Farm Workers in Smallholder Dairy Farming Systems in Northwestern Ethiopia

Background and Purpose Staphylococcus aureus is a common pathogen responsible for causing various human and animal infections and is well known for its ability to develop resistance to multiple antibiotics. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in bulk milk and dairy farms in northwestern Ethiopia and to determine their phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Methods We collected 50 bulk milk samples from 50 dairy farms and 50 hand swabs from dairy milkers. The cefoxitin disk diffusion test and PCR-based assays were used to identify MRSA isolates. In addition, cefoxitin-resistant isolates were tested for susceptibility to other antibiotics using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Results The results showed that MRSA was detected in 8 samples: 6 from bulk milk samples (12%) and 2 from hand swabs (4%). All MRSA isolates exhibited a high resistance rate to penicillin (100%), followed by tetracycline (75%), ciprofloxacin (25%), chloramphenicol (25%), erythromycin (25%), gentamycin (12.5%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (12.5%). Moreover, 72% of the isolates showed resistance to three or more antibiotic classes and were classified as multidrug-resistant. Conclusion This study identified methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and multidrug-resistant MRSA in bulk milk and dairy farms in northwestern Ethiopia. These findings highlight the potential risk of transmission of these antibiotic-resistant bacteria to humans and the need for improved antibiotic stewardship in the dairy sector using the One Health approach.
Pengaruh Latihan Menggunakan Karet Ban Sepeda Terhadap Penguasaan Teknik Dasar Panahan Pada Atlet Panahan Tingkat Pemula

This study aims to determine the effect of training using rubber bicycle tires in mastering basic archery techniques for beginner level archery athletes. This research is an experimental research using pre-experimental methods with data collection techniques using treatment, pretest and posttest as research instruments. The population of this study were archery UKM STKIP Pasundan athletes with a total of 10 athletes, the sample used was 10 athletes using the sampling method, namely the total sampling technique. Data analysis used the IBM SPSS Statistics 25 application. Data analysis started by calculating the mean/average value of the results of the archery test conducted on the sample (Archery UKM STKIP Pasundan students, the result was that the average value of P1 (Assessor 1) was 17.3 of 7, 8 (pretest) is smaller than P2 (assessor 2) with an average value of 17.8 out of 8.7 (pretest).
Estimating the uncertainty of hydrological forecasts: A statistical approach

A method for quantifying the uncertainty of hydrological forecasts is proposed. This approach requires the identification and calibration of a statistical model for the forecast error. Accordingly, the probability distribution of the error itself is inferred through a multiple regression, depending on selected explanatory variables. These may include the current forecast issued by the hydrological model, the past forecast error, and the past rainfall. The final goal is to indirectly relate the forecast error to the sources of uncertainty in the forecasting procedure, through a probabilistic link with the explaining variables identified above. Statistical testing for the proposed approach is discussed in detail. An extensive application to a synthetic database is presented, along with a first real‐world implementation that refers to a real‐time flood forecasting system that is currently under development. The results indicate that the uncertainty estimates represent well the statistics of the actual forecast errors for the examined events.
A–Z of Epigenetic Readers: Targeting Alternative Splicing and Histone Modification Variants in Cancer

Simple Summary Alternative splicing is a pivotal regulatory mechanism in gene expression, generating multiple RNA species and influencing protein isoform diversity and function, as well as regulatory RNA networks. Histone post-translational modifications can affect alternative splicing and mediate diverse interactions between histones and splicing factors, adding complexity to the transcriptional landscape. Alternative splicing of epigenetic ‘reader’ proteins is of growing interest in cancer etiology and other pathologies, providing insights into effective new therapeutic strategies, including RNA-based approaches and small-molecule targeting of splicing abnormalities. Abstract Epigenetic ‘reader’ proteins, which have evolved to interact with specific chromatin modifications, play pivotal roles in gene regulation. There is growing interest in the alternative splicing mechanisms that affect the functionality of such epigenetic readers in cancer etiology. The current review considers how deregulation of epigenetic processes and alternative splicing events contribute to pathophysiology. An A–Z guide of epigenetic readers is provided, delineating the antagonistic ‘yin-yang’ roles of full-length versus spliced isoforms, where this is known from the literature. The examples discussed underscore the key contributions of epigenetic readers in transcriptional regulation, early development, and cancer. Clinical implications are considered, offering insights into precision oncology and targeted therapies focused on epigenetic readers that have undergone alternative splicing events during disease pathogenesis. This review underscores the fundamental importance of alternative splicing events in the context of epigenetic readers while emphasizing the critical need for improved understanding of functional diversity, regulatory mechanisms, and future therapeutic potential.
Nouns and Verbs

The universal grammatical categories NOUN and VERB are held susceptible to notional characterization. The traditional objections to this claim are overcome by an appropriate view of linguistic semantics, one based on cognitive processing and the structuring of conceptual content. Reasonably precise semantic descriptions of the noun and verb categories are proposed in the context of the COGNITIVE GRAMMAR framework. The distinction between COUNT and MASS nouns is explicated, and is shown to be a direct analog of the fundamental aspectual distinction between verbs that designate PERFECTIVE and IMPERFECTIVE processes. The analysis permits the elucidation of subtle semantic contrasts and the explanation of various grammatical phenomena.
Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah dalam Pengembangan Manajemen Strategik di SD Negeri 106813

The role of the school principal in quality development education is one of transformative leadership. Educational leaders who can effectively communicate a compelling vision for learning innovation and foster a cooperative and inclusive school culture can inspire collaboration among educators, students, and other stakeholders, leading to the advancement of educational strategic management. This study intends to examine the leadership role of school principals in creating strategies and policies that support improving educational standards, as well as the obstacles and difficulties faced by school principals when implementing development programs. In addition, this research will look at how the principal's leadership influences teacher involvement and participation in efforts to improve the level of education at SD Negeri 106813. The case study at SD Negeri 106813 was approached qualitatively in this research, interviews, observations, and document analysis were used to collect data. Research findings show that the head's leadership in developing strategies and policies aimed at improving the quality of education at SD Negeri 106813 is an important function of the school. A school principal must be fully committed to improving educational standards in the school and can develop workable solutions
Can access to urban networks promote urban development? Evidence from the Yangtze River Delta region of China

The regional networking strategy is widely implemented in China as a normative policy aimed at fostering cohesion and enhancing competitiveness. However, the empirical basis for this strategy remains relatively weak due to limitations in measurement methods and data availability. This paper establishes the urban networks by the enterprise investment data, and then accurately measures the network’s external effects of each city by the method of MGWR model. The results show that: (1) Regional networking plays a significant role in urban development, although it is not the dominant factor. (2) The benefits of network connections may vary depending on the location and level of cities. (3) The major cities assume a pivotal role in the urban network. Based upon the aforementioned research conclusions, this paper presents strategic measures to enhance the network’s external impacts, aiming to offer insights for other regions in formulating regional development strategies and establishing regional urban networks.
ACORN SDOH survey: Terminological representation for use with NLP and CDS

Objective: Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) greatly influence health outcomes. SDOH surveys, such as the Assessing Circumstances & Offering Resources for Needs (ACORN) survey, have been developed to screen for SDOH in Veterans. The purpose of this study is to determine the terminological representation of the ACORN survey, to aid in natural language processing (NLP). Methods: Each ACORN survey question was read to determine its concepts. Next, Solor was searched for each of the concepts and for the appropriate attributes. If no attributes or concepts existed, they were proposed. Then, each question’s concepts and attributes were arranged into subject-relation-object triples. Results: Eleven unique attributes and 18 unique concepts were proposed. These results demonstrate a gap in representing SDOH with terminologies. We believe that using these new concepts and relations will improve NLP, and thus, the care provided to Veterans.
Terahertz in vivo imaging of human skin: Toward detection of abnormal skin pathologies

Terahertz (THz) imaging has long held promise for skin cancer detection but has been hampered by the lack of practical technological implementation. In this article, we introduce a technique for discriminating several skin pathologies using a coherent THz confocal system based on a THz quantum cascade laser. High resolution in vivo THz images (with diffraction limited to the order of 100 μm) of several different lesion types were acquired and compared against one another using the amplitude and phase values. Our system successfully separated pathologies using a combination of phase and amplitude information and their respective surface textures. The large scan field (50 × 40 mm) of the system allows macroscopic visualization of several skin lesions in a single frame. Utilizing THz imaging for dermatological assessment of skin lesions offers substantial additional diagnostic value for clinicians. THz images contain information complementary to the information contained in the conventional digital images.
Molecular epidemiological and antimicrobial-resistant mechanisms analysis of prolonged Neisseria gonorrhoeae collection between 1971 and 2005 in Japan

Abstract Objectives As antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains have emerged, humans have adjusted the antimicrobials used to treat infections. We identified shifts in the N. gonorrhoeae population and the determinants of AMR strains isolated during the recurring emergence of resistant strains and changes in antimicrobial therapies. Methods We examined 243 N. gonorrhoeae strains corrected at the Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Kanagawa, Japan, these isolated in 1971–2005. We performed multilocus sequence typing and AMR determinants (penA, mtrR, porB, ponA, 23S rRNA, gyrA and parC) mainly using high-throughput genotyping methods together with draft whole-genome sequencing on the MiSeq (Illumina) platform. Results All 243 strains were divided into 83 STs. ST1901 (n = 17) was predominant and first identified after 2001. Forty-two STs were isolated in the 1970s, 34 in the 1980s, 22 in the 1990s and 13 in the 2000s, indicating a decline in ST diversity over these decades. Among the 29 strains isolated after 2001, 28 were highly resistant to ciprofloxacin (MIC ≥ 8 mg/L) with two or more amino-acid substitutions in quinolone-resistance-determining regions. Seven strains belonging to ST7363 (n = 3), ST1596 (n = 3) and ST1901 (n = 1) were not susceptible to cefixime, and six strains carried penA alleles with mosaic-like penicillin-binding protein 2 (PBP2; penA 10.001 and 10.016) or PBP2 substitutions A501V and A517G. Conclusions We observed a significant reduction in the diversity of N. gonorrhoeae over 35 years in Japan. Since 2001, ST1901, which is resistant to ciprofloxacin, has superseded previous strains, becoming the predominant ST population.
Validity, reliability, and readability of single-item and short physical activity questionnaires for use in surveillance: A systematic review

Background Accurate and fast measurement of physical activity is important for surveillance. Even though many physical activity questionnaires (PAQ) are currently used in research, it is unclear which of them is the most reliable, valid, and easy to use. This systematic review aimed to identify existing brief PAQs, describe and compare their measurement properties, and assess their level of readability. Methods We performed a systematic review based on the PRISMA statement. Literature searches were conducted in six scientific databases. Articles were included if they evaluated validity and/or reliability of brief (i.e., with a maximum of three questions) physical activity or exercise questionnaires intended for healthy adults. Due to the heterogeneity of studies, data were summarized narratively. The level of readability was calculated according to the Flesch-Kincaid formula. Results In total, 35 articles published in English or Spanish were included, evaluating 32 distinct brief PAQs. The studies indicated moderate to good levels of reliability for the PAQs. However, the majority of results showed weak validity when validated against device-based measurements and demonstrated weak to moderate validity when validated against other PAQs. Most of the assessed PAQs met the criterion of being "short," allowing respondents to complete them in less than one minute either by themselves or with an interviewer. However, only 17 questionnaires had a readability level that indicates that the PAQ is easy to understand for the majority of the population. Conclusions This review identified a variety of brief PAQs, but most of them were evaluated in only a single study. Validity and reliability of short and long questionnaires are found to be at a comparable level, short PAQs can be recommended for use in surveillance systems. However, the methods used to assess measurement properties varied widely across studies, limiting the comparability between different PAQs and making it challenging to identify a single tool as the most suitable. None of the evaluated brief PAQs allowed for the measurement of whether a person fulfills current WHO physical activity guidelines. Future development or adaptation of PAQs should prioritize readability as an important factor to enhance their usability.
What is Developmental Dyslexia?

Until the 1950s, developmental dyslexia was defined as a hereditary visual disability, selectively affecting reading without compromising oral or non-verbal reasoning skills. This changed radically after the development of the phonological theory of dyslexia; this not only ruled out any role for visual processing in its aetiology, but it also cast doubt on the use of discrepancy between reading and reasoning skills as a criterion for diagnosing it. Here I argue that this theory is set at too high a cognitive level to be explanatory; we need to understand the pathophysiological visual and auditory mechanisms that cause children’s phonological problems. I discuss how the ‘magnocellular theory’ attempts to do this in terms of slowed and error prone temporal processing which leads to dyslexics’ defective visual and auditory sequencing when attempting to read. I attempt to deal with the criticisms of this theory and show how it leads to a number of successful ways of helping dyslexic children to overcome their reading difficulties.
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds Loaded With a Variety of Plant Extracts: Novel Model in Breast Cancer Therapy

Despite recent improvements in detecting and managing breast cancer (BC), it continues to be a major worldwide health concern that annually affects millions of people. Exploring the anti-BC potentials of natural compounds has received a lot of scientific attention due to their multi-target mode of action and good safety profiles because of these unmet needs. Drugs made from herbs are secure and have a lot fewer negative effects than those made from synthetic materials. Early stage patients benefit from breast-conserving surgery, but the risk of local recurrence remains, necessitating implanted scaffolds. These scaffolds provide residual cancer cell killing and tailored drug delivery. This review looks at plant extract–infused tissue engineering scaffolds, which provide a novel approach to treating BC. By offering patient individualized, safer treatments, these scaffolds could completely change how BC is treated.
Second law of thermodynamics and urban green infrastructure - A knowledge synthesis to address spatial planning strategies

Planning of ecosystem services provided by the Urban Green Infrastructure (UGI) is a key issue for urban sustainability. Planning strategies driven by the second law of thermodynamics (SLT) are innovative approaches to sustainability but they are still in seminal phase. In this article, a coupled review of SLT within spatial planning is accomplished looking at the main applications in urban green infrastructure (UGI) planning. The work has supported the definition of a preliminary low-entropy UGI planning strategy (Pelorosso, Gobattoni, & Leone, 2017) but it also aims to contribute to the improvement and/or development of even more solid planning strategies based on SLT. In particular, a systemic review of UGI planning and thermodynamics has been carried out to identify all the occurrences to date in the scientific literature. Secondly, a scoping review of SLT-related concepts of exergy, entropy and urban metabolism is presented in order to investigate the main applications of, and gaps in, urban spatial planning. Results indicate that UGI and ecosystem service planning based on SLT is a relatively new field of research. Moreover, some general indications are derived for the development of spatial UGI planning strategies based on SLT.
EVOLUTION SOUS PATURE DE LA COMPOSITION FLORISTIQUE DES SAVANES DE LA CUVETTE CONGOLAISE (REPUBLIQUE DU CONGO)

L e s savanes sont exploitees pour des activites agricoles et pa storales. Cependant, ces activites ont des impacts negatifs sur les sols et la biodiversite. L’objectif de cette e tude est d’apprecier l’evolution des contributions specifiques des especes herbacees des savanes soumises a la pâture dans la Cuvette congolaise (Republique du Congo). Les sites retenus pour l’etude sont Oyo et Boundji ou l’elevage bovin extensif est pratique, avec le risque de degradation de l’environnement. Avant la pâture, deux types de savanes ont ete identifies a partir d e leurs especes dominantes : savane a Loudetia simplex et savane a Trachypogon thollonii. Apres cinq ans de pâture, ces deux types de savanes sont remplaces par deux autres types qui sont : savane a Elyonurus brazzae et savane a Elyonus sp. La pâture est donc responsable de la degradation des savanes a travers le changement des contributions specifiques des especes herbacees. Les contributions specifiques de L. simplex et de T. thollonii qui sont des especes dominantes de depart, passent respectivement de 47,95 % a 23,60 % et de 73,00 % a 12 , 1 8 % sous l’effet de la pâture, en fonction des stations. Cette degradation des pâturages modifie leur c o mposition floristique car, elle occasionne la disparition de certaines especes herbacees et l’apparition d’autres especes. Des ameliorations des pâturages par la restauration de leur couvert vegetal s’imposent donc dans la zone d’etude, en vue de leur utilisation durable
Mechanistic models for West Nile virus transmission: a systematic review of features, aims and parametrization

Mathematical models within the Ross–Macdonald framework increasingly play a role in our understanding of vector-borne disease dynamics and as tools for assessing scenarios to respond to emerging threats. These threats are typically characterized by a high degree of heterogeneity, introducing a range of possible complexities in models and challenges to maintain the link with empirical evidence. We systematically identified and analysed a total of 77 published papers presenting compartmental West Nile virus (WNV) models that use parameter values derived from empirical studies. Using a set of 15 criteria, we measured the dissimilarity compared with the Ross–Macdonald framework. We also retrieved the purpose and type of models and traced the empirical sources of their parameters. Our review highlights the increasing refinements in WNV models. Models for prediction included the highest number of refinements. We found uneven distributions of refinements and of evidence for parameter values. We identified several challenges in parametrizing such increasingly complex models. For parameters common to most models, we also synthesize the empirical evidence for their values and ranges. The study highlights the potential to improve the quality of WNV models and their applicability for policy by establishing closer collaboration between mathematical modelling and empirical work.
Management of Melasma: Laser and Other Therapies—Review Study

Melasma is a commonly occurring pigmented skin condition that can significantly affect one’s appearance, described as symmetric hyperpigmentation that presents as irregular brown to gray-brown macules on various facial areas, such as the cheeks, forehead, nasal bridge, and upper lip, along with the mandible and upper arms. Due to its complex pathogenesis and recurrent nature, melasma management is challenging and the outcomes following treatment are not always deemed satisfactory. Solely treating hyperpigmentation may prove ineffective unless paired with regenerative techniques and photoprotection, since one of the main reasons for recurrence is sun exposure. Hence, the treatment protocol starts with addressing risk factors, implementing stringent UV protection, and then treatment using different strategies, like applying topical treatments, employing chemical peels, laser and light therapies, microneedling, and systemic therapy. This review aims to provide a summary of the effectiveness and safety of the frequently employed laser and light therapies for treating melasma, focusing on laser therapy as a treatment for melasma.