Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identifying quasi-periodic variability using multivariate empirical mode decomposition: a case of the tropical Pacific

Abstract. A variety of statistical tools have been used in climate science to gain a better understanding of the climate system's variability on various temporal and spatial scales. However, these tools are mostly linear, stationary, or both. In this study, we use a recently developed nonlinear and nonstationary multivariate time series analysis tool – multivariate empirical mode decomposition (MEMD). MEMD is a powerful tool for objectively identifying (intrinsic) timescales of variability within a given spatio-temporal system without any timescale pre-selection. Additionally, a red noise significance test is developed to robustly extract quasi-periodic modes of variability. We apply these tools to reanalysis and observational data of the tropical Pacific. This reveals a quasi-periodic variability in the tropical Pacific on timescales ∼ 1.5–4.5 years, which is consistent with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) – one of the most prominent quasi-periodic modes of variability in the Earth’s climate system. The approach successfully confirms the well-known out-of-phase relationship of the tropical Pacific mean thermocline depth with sea surface temperature in the eastern tropical Pacific (recharge–discharge process). Furthermore, we find a co-variability between zonal wind stress in the western tropical Pacific and the tropical Pacific mean thermocline depth, which only occurs on the quasi-periodic timescale. MEMD coupled with a red noise test can therefore successfully extract (nonstationary) quasi-periodic variability from the spatio-temporal data and could be used in the future for identifying potential (new) relationships between different variables in the climate system.
Deuterium/hydrogen in a new Lyman limit absorption system at z= 3.256 towards PKS1937−1009

We have identified a new Lyman limit absorption system towards PKS1937-1009, with logN(H i) = 18.25 ± 0.02 at z = 3.256 that is suitable for measuring D/H. We find a 68.3% confidence range for D/H of 1.6 +0.25 0.30 × 10 5 , and a 95.4% range of 1.6 +0.5 0.4 × 10 5 . The metallicity of the cloud where D/H was measured is low, [Si/H] = 2.0±0.5. At these metallicities we expect that D/H will be close to the primordial value. Our D/H is lower than the D/H value predicted using the b calculated from the cosmic background radiation measured by WMAP, 2.60 +0.19 0.17 × 10 5 . Our result
Diverse Variability of O and B Stars Revealed from 2-minute Cadence Light Curves in Sectors 1 and 2 of the TESS Mission: Selection of an Asteroseismic Sample

Uncertainties in stellar structure and evolution theory are largest for stars undergoing core convection on the main sequence. A powerful way to calibrate the free parameters used in the theory of stellar interiors is asteroseismology, which provides direct measurements of angular momentum and element transport. We report the detection and classification of new variable O and B stars using high-precision short-cadence (2 minutes) photometric observations assembled by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). In our sample of 154 O and B stars, we detect a high percentage (90%) of variability. Among these we find 23 multiperiodic pulsators, 6 eclipsing binaries, 21 rotational variables, and 25 stars with stochastic low-frequency variability. Several additional variables overlap between these categories. Our study of O and B stars not only demonstrates the high data quality achieved by TESS for optimal studies of the variability of the most massive stars in the universe, but also represents the first step toward the selection and composition of a large sample of O and B pulsators with high potential for joint asteroseismic and spectroscopic modeling of their interior structure with unprecedented precision.
Principles of Algebraic Geometry

A comprehensive, self-contained treatment presenting general results of the theory. Establishes a geometric intuition and a working facility with specific geometric practices. Emphasizes applications through the study of interesting examples and the development of computational tools. Coverage ranges from analytic to geometric. Treats basic techniques and results of complex manifold theory, focusing on results applicable to projective varieties, and includes discussion of the theory of Riemann surfaces and algebraic curves, algebraic surfaces and the quadric line complex as well as special topics in complex manifolds.
Comment on tc-2021-32 Anonymous Referee # 1 Referee comment on " Observation of strong NO x release over Qiyi Glacier , China

This manuscript reports summer measurements of atmospheric nitrogen oxides (NO 2 , NO x ) of several ppbv above Qiyi Glacier on the Tibetan Plateau (4600 m asl). Based on a close correlation of NO x with observed UV-B radiation, negative vertical NO x gradients and presence of nitrate in snow the authors conclude the local snow pack must be an important source of atmospheric NO x , possibly a stronger source than polar snowpacks. While this is understanding the atmospheric capacity the presented any conclusions.
Raman spectrum and lattice parameters of MgB2 as a function of pressure

We report Raman spectra and synchrotron x-ray diffraction measurements of lattice parameters of polycrystalline ${\mathrm{MgB}}_{2}$ under hydrostatic pressure conditions up to 15 GPa. An anomalously broadened Raman band at $620{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ is observed that exhibits a large linear pressure shift of its frequency. The large mode damping and Gr\"uneisen parameter indicate the vibration is highly anharmonic, broadly consistent with theoretical predictions for the ${E}_{2g}$ in-plane boron stretching mode. The results obtained may provide additional constraints on the electron-phonon coupling in the system.
DAHA and iterated torus knots

The theory of DAHA-Jones polynomials is extended from torus knots to their arbitrary iterations (for any reduced root systems and weights), which incudes the polynomiality, duality and other properties of the DAHA superpolynomials. Presumably they coincide with the reduced stable Khovanov-Rozansky polynomials in the case of non-negative coefficients. The new theory matches well the classical theory of algebraic knots and (unibranch) plane curve singularities; the Puiseux expansion naturally emerges. The corresponding DAHA superpolynomials are expected to coincide with the reduced ones in the Oblomkov-Shende-Rasmussen Conjecture upon its generalization to arbitrary dominant weights. For instance, the DAHA uncolored superpolynomials at a=0, q=1 are conjectured to provide the Betti numbers of the Jacobian factors of the corresponding singularities.
Effects of intramammary infusions of casein hydrolysate, ethylene glycol-bis(ÃŽÂ2-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,NÃ¢â‚¬Â2,NÃ¢â‚¬Â2-tetraacetic acid, and lactose at drying-off on mammary gland involution

The transition from the lactation to the dry period in dairy cows is a period of high risk for acquiring new intramammary infections. This risk is reduced when involution of mammary glands is completed. Consequently, strategies that accelerate the involution process after drying-off could reduce the incidence of mastitis. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of 3 different treatments on mammary gland involution. Each quarter of 8 Holstein cows in late lactation was randomly assigned at drying-off to an intramammary infusion of casein hydrolysate (CNH; 70 mg), ethylene glycol-bis(β-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N ,N -tetraacetic acid (EGTA; 5.7 g), lactose (5.1 g), or saline 0.9% (control) solutions. Milk samples were collected on the last 2 d before and 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14 d after the last milking for determining concentrations of mammary gland involution markers. Lactoferrin, somatic cell counts (SCC), BSA, and Na concentrations, as well as matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 activities gradually increased in mammary secretions during the first 2 wk following the last milking, whereas milk citrate and K concentrations decreased. As involution advanced, the Na:K ratio increased, whereas the citrate:lactoferrin ratio decreased. Compared with mammary secretions from control quarters, mammary secretions of quarters infused with CNH had higher SCC on d 1, 3, 5, and 7, and greater BSA concentrations on d 1, 3, and 5. Similarly, the CNH treatment induced a faster increase in lactoferrin concentrations, which were greater than in milk from control quarters on d 3, 5, and 7 after drying-off. Milk citrate concentrations were unaffected by CNH but the citrate:lactoferrin ratio was lower in CNH-treated quarters on d 3 and 5 than in control quarters. Moreover, CNH treatment hastened the increase in Na concentration and in the Na:K ratio on d 1. Infusion of CNH also led to an increase in proteolytic activities, with greater matrix metalloproteinase 9 activities on d 1 and 3. The EGTA infusion increased SCC above that of control quarters on d 1 and 3 but it had no effect on the other parameters. Lactose infusion had no effect on any of the involution markers. In this study, intramammary infusions of CNH were the most efficient treatment to accelerate mammary gland involution, suggesting a potential role of CNH as a local milk secretion inhibitor during milk stasis.
The Stoner-Wohlfarth model of Ferromagnetism: Dynamic and Statistical properties

The physics of magnetic state change or reversal in single domain magnetic grains (called Stoner particles) is interesting from the fundamental as well as the applied points of view. A change in magnetization can be finely tuned with a specific time variation o f an externally applied magnetic field. It may also occur naturally (without application of a field) at very low tempe rature with quantum tunneling and at higher temperature with thermal excitation. The optimal (usually shortest) time altering the magn etisation along with the smallest applied magnetic field are sought in technological applications s uch as high-density reading or writing of information, spintronics, quantum inform ation and quantum communication systems. This work reviews the magnetization change with a time dependent field and tem perature and discusses the time it takes to alter the magnetization as a function of the control parameter chosen, temperature and material parameters.
Initial State Dependent Dynamical Behaviors in a Memristor Based Chaotic Circuit

不同于常规混乱系统， memristor 基于混乱电路平衡设定，其稳定性依赖于 memristor 的起始的状态。 memristor 的起始的州的依赖动态行为基于混乱电路理论上并且数字地被调查。 [从作者抽象]
Primitive roots and powers among values of polynomials over finite fields.

While Carlitz used character sums to achieve asymptotic estimates, Madden and Velez derived a family of sufficient conditions by means of which any prime power q (even a small one) may be tested. By lengthy combinatorial arguments they showed that at least one of these conditions is met for almost all q. Indeed, in [9], with some extra labour they found finite sets A containing all exceptional odd q applicable in Theorem B when r = 2 and n = l or 2. Thus, if Λ = 1, then A = {3, 5, 7}, while, if « = 2, then a 26 element set with largest member 631 is shown for A', in fact, the prime 103 should also be included — it just fails to satisfy the condition of Corollary l (iii) of [9].
Solving Poisson's equation for the standard weighted Laplacian in the unit disc

This thesis is based on two papers: the first one concerns Carleman-Sobolev classes for small exponents and the other solves Poisson's equation for the standard weighted Laplacian in the unit disc.In the first paper we start by noting that for small Lp-exponents, i.e. 0<p<1, the way we usually define Sobolev spaces is very unsatisfactory, which was illustrated by Peetre in 1975. In an attempt to remedy this we introduce completions of a class of smooth functions, which we call Carleman-Sobolev classes since they generalize Sobolev spaces and uses a norm inspired by Carleman classes. If the class is restricted with a growth condition on the supremum norms of the derivatives, we prove that there exists a condition on the weight sequence in the norm which guarantees that the resulting completion can be embedded into C∞(R). This condition is even sharp up to some regularity on the weight sequence, in the sense that the norm inequality required for continuity no longer holds. We also show that the growth condition is necessary, in the sense that if we drop it entirely we can naturally embed Lp into this class's completion. Hence in this case we cannot consider the completion as a proper generalization of a Sobolev space.In the second paper we find Green's function for the standard weighted Laplacian and give conditions on the Riesz-mass such that we can use Green's potential to solve Poisson's equation with zero boundary values in the sense of radial L1-means. The weight here comes from the theory of weighted Bergman spaces and from this context it gets the label as the standard weight.
Erratum: “Triggering and Feedback: The Relation between the H I Gas and the Starburst in the Dwarf Galaxy NGC 1569” (AJ, 130, 524 [2005])

A typographical error in the program written for the Very Large Array (VLA) observations of the H i emission from NGC 1569 in 1993 April has resulted in a serious offset in the pointing of the array, which was not detected during the first data reduction steps with AIPS. The possible impact of the faulty B-configuration portion of the data on the published results prompted us to completely reanalyze the corrected data cube, now containing only data from the C and D configurations. We studied several differently weighted image cubes, whose properties are listed in Table 1. (The table and figure numbering here do not correspond to the numbering in the original paper.) Subsequently, each statement and each value in the paper were checked against our revised results. The published results remain valid for the revised data unless mentioned otherwise in this erratum. Equally, we show here only those figures that demonstrate the minor deviations from the published results. We intend to obtain new deep H i data from NGC 1569 with the VLA in the B configuration in order to combine these observations with our existing data for a detailed revised discussion of the morphology and kinematics of the atomic hydrogen gas in NGC 1569 at the intended high spatial resolution. The total H i flux derived from the naturally weighted (ROBUST 1⁄4 5) data cube corresponds to MH i 1⁄4 9:8 ; 10 M , which is higher than our earlier result and closer to the mass derived fromWesterbork Synthesis Radio Telescope data by J. M. Stil & F. P. Israel (A&A, 392, 473 [2002]). Note, however, that the new value most likely constitutes an upper limit, because the large-scale Galactic
A Bibliometric Study of Industry 4.0 in Construction Industry Using Oesterreich and Teuteberg (2016) As A Key Marker

This study examines how Industry 4.0 has been discussed in the construction industry and construction management (CM) research over the past four years using Oesterreich and Teuteberg’s (2016) article as a key marker. The techniques adopted in this paper were Bibliometric analysis. Citation, co-citation, and co-occurrence analyses were applied to the articles published between 2016-2019 in the WoS database. This study concluded that most CM research themes had been impacted by Industry 4.0. Also, CM scholars, journal editors, and decision-makers have expressed significant interest in Industry 4.0. Finally, this research has focused on research themes that have been less examined by scholars and have identified areas for future research on how CM literature may benefit from Industry 4.0. Twenty-one main research themes were identified, a co-occurrence network was constructed and examined. The results indicate that there are a sufficient number of references to Industry 4.0 in the themes of management, smart factory, and digitisation. On the other hand, other themes have received less scholarly attention, such as performance, simulation, and supply chain management. Those less explored themes possibly require additional studies.
Applications of a phase-field fracture model to materials with inclusions

Fracture in materials with inclusions is considered in the computational model of this contribution which allows prediction of crack propagation. The inclusions cause that cracks may appear inside the materials or along matrix-inclusion interfaces. The presented model can treat them both using two internal variables in a fashion of damage mechanics so that fracture is a consequence of the damage. The first variable is defined at the interface represented by a thin degradable adhesive layer so that an appropriate stress-strain relationship can be obtained as in cohesive zone models. The second variable is defined in the structural domains as a phase-field fracture variable which causes elastic properties degradation in a narrow material strip that forms a smeared crack. Both these damaging schemes are expressed in a unique quasi-static energy evolution process. The numerical solution approach is thus rendered from a variational form with a staggered time stepping procedure related to a separation of deformation variables from the damage ones and using non-linear programming algorithms implemented together within an own MATLAB finite element code. The numerical simulations with the model include simplified structural and material elements.
Resource-Based View in Construction Project Management Research: A Meta-Analysis

Resource-based view (RBV) is the theory that has been adopted as the theoretical background in construction project management (CPM) research to examine the impact of resources and capabilities on firm performance. Its primary assumption is that firms’ performance and competitive advantages are enhanced by properly utilising valuable resources and capabilities. This paper aims to examine the effect of various constructs and relations used in preceding research by proposing a conceptual framework in the lens of RBV, which combined the multiple paths found in the literature. Then, hypotheses were developed to test the research framework empirically. This paper reports a meta-analysis of 20 journal papers published in the Scopus database in the area of CPM. The findings indicate that all the relationships between resources, capabilities, competitive advantage and performance were verified as significant. Moreover, the review pointed out that using capabilities and sustained competitive advantage in a mediated model is better than the direct effect model. Finally, a flowchart combining all the variables, construct, and paths was developed based on the results.
Atmospheric aerosol monitoring at the Pierre Auger Observatory

For a ground based cosmic-ray observatory the atmosphere is an integral part of the detector. Air fluorescence detectors (FDs) are particularly sensitive to the presence of aerosols in the atmosphere. These aerosols, consisting mainly of clouds and dust, can strongly affect the propagation of fluorescence and Cherenkov light from cosmic-ray induced extensive air showers. The Pierre Auger Observatory has a comprehensive program to monitor the aerosols within the atmospheric volume of the detector. In this paper the aerosol parameters that affect FD reconstruction will be discussed. The aerosol monitoring systems that have been deployed at the Pierre Auger Observatory will be briefly described along with some measurements from these systems.
Comparison between flood damages evaluation methods and selection of the appropriate method for application in Slovakia

Flood damages come immediately with flood events. There is a wide range of models and methods that can be used for its evaluation, which bring satisfactory but not exact results. The rate of flood damages estimation can differ significantly from the real damages measured after the real flood. The current paper presents three methodologies for assessing flood damages including INSYDE model, AGRIDE-c model and RASOR platform. These methodologies are compared and their suitability for application to available data is analysed. The available data includes the number of damaged elements due to flood as well as the extent of the flooded area. Results of comparison shows that the INSYDE model and RASOR platform could be possibly modified and applied to the available data, but there are significant changes and further analysis needed. The analysis of selected methods shows the data that are needed must be first obtained from other source, then modified, and then could be applied. But we do not have the same data, so the further studies need significant changes.
Collagen cross-links scale with passive stiffness in dystrophic mouse muscles, but are not altered with administration of a lysyl oxidase inhibitor

In Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a lack of functional dystrophin leads to myofiber instability and progressive muscle damage that results in fibrosis. While fibrosis is primarily characterized by an accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, there are changes in ECM architecture during fibrosis that relate more closely to functional muscle stiffness. One of these architectural changes in dystrophic muscle is collagen cross-linking, which has been shown to increase the passive muscle stiffness in models of fibrosis including the mdx mouse, a model of DMD. We tested whether the intraperitoneal injections of beta-aminopropionitrile (BAPN), an inhibitor of the cross-linking enzyme lysyl oxidase, would reduce collagen cross-linking and passive stiffness in young and adult mdx mice compared to saline-injected controls. We found no significant differences between BAPN treated and saline treated mice in collagen cross-linking and stiffness parameters. However, we observed that while collagen cross-linking and passive stiffness scaled positively in dystrophic muscles, collagen fiber alignment scaled with passive stiffness distinctly between muscles. We also observed that the dystrophic diaphragm showed the most dramatic fibrosis in terms of collagen content, cross-linking, and stiffness. Overall, we show that while BAPN was not effective at reducing collagen cross-linking, the positive association between collagen cross-linking and stiffness in dystrophic muscles still show cross-linking as a viable target for reducing passive muscle stiffness in DMD or other fibrotic muscle conditions.
Prevalence of probable eating disorders and associated risk factors: An analysis of the Northern Ireland Youth Wellbeing Survey using the SCOFF

Abstract Objectives Eating disorders (ED) are associated with significant morbidity and mortality rates and are most common in young people aged between 15 and 19 years. Large representative surveys on disordered eating in youth are lacking. The main aims were to estimate the prevalence of disordered eating in a representative sample of 11–19 year olds in Northern Ireland and investigate the associations between probable eating disorder and a range of risk factors. Designs and Methods A large nationally representative household survey was conducted, and the bivariate and multivariate associations between demographic, familial, economic and psychological risk factors and probable eating disorder were assessed. Results A total of 16.2% (n = 211) of the sample met the SCOFF screening criteria for disordered eating. Probable eating disorder was associated with being female (OR = 2.44), having a parent with mental health problems (OR = 1.68), suffering from certain psychological problems, such as mood or anxiety disorder (OR = 2.55), social media disorder (OR = 2.95), being the victim of physical bullying (OR = 1.71) and having smoked (OR = 2.46). Conclusions This study provides the first prevalence estimates of probable eating disorder among youth in Northern Ireland. Furthermore, the study identifies unique risk factors for probable eating disorder among this representative sample.