Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Semiclassical response of disordered conductors: Extrinsic carrier velocity and spin and field-corrected collision integral

The semiclassical equations of motion are widely used to describe carrier transport in conducting materials. Nevertheless, the substantial challenge of incorporating disorder systematically into the semiclassical model persists, leading to quantitative inaccuracies and occasionally erroneous predictions for the expectation values of physical observables. In the present work we provide a general prescription for reformulating the semiclassical equations of motion for carriers in disordered conductors by taking the quantum mechanical density matrix as the starting point. We focus on external electric fields, without magnetic fields, and spin-independent disorder. The density matrix approach allows averaging over impurity configurations, and the trace of the velocity operator with the disorder-averaged density matrix can be reinterpreted as the semiclassical velocity weighted by the Boltzmann distribution function. Through this rationale the well-known intrinsic group and anomalous velocities are trivially recovered, while we demonstrate the existence of an extrinsic interband velocity, namely a disorder correction to the semiclassical velocity of Bloch electrons, mediated by the interband matrix elements of the Berry connection. A similar correction is present in the non-equilibrium expectation value of the spin operator, contributing to spin-orbit torques. To obtain agreement with diagrammatic approaches the scattering term in the Boltzmann equation is corrected to first order in the electric field, and the Boltzmann equation is solved up to sub-leading order in the disorder potential. Our prescription ensures all vertex corrections present in diagrammatic treatments are taken into account, and to illustrate this we discuss model cases in topological insulators, including the anomalous Hall effect as well as spin-orbit torques.
Business Activities Using Chatbots

In this article, we present a short introduction about chatbots and we describe two original chatbot solutions used in education and tourism. In the first part of the article, we describe the life cycle of a chatbot, presenting the steps needed for its development. We continue with the enumeration and description of the design techniques that developers are using in making the chatbots. The article also presents the architecture of two original chatbot solutions, the design methods and techniques used in their development and implementation and the usefulness and benefits of these two models. Moreover, possible future improvements of these chatbots for having an increased performance are presented. As a conclusion, we highlight the concern of business people for the use of chatbots in any field of activity and the progress that economic activity registers through their use.
Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting IC for ISM-915 MHz and 2.45 GHz Wireless Transmitter

This paper proposes a dual-band radio-frequency energy harvesting (RFEH) chip Institute of Supply Management (ISM)-915 MHz and ISM-2.45 GHz wireless transmitter. It is composed of the matching network, multiplier and rectifier, over-voltage protection circuit, and low power low-dropout (LDO) voltage regulator. In the input matching network, the destination is not only to obtain the maximum power transfer but also to have the maximum conversion efficiency. In the rectifier circuit, the dynamic threshold-voltage MOSFET (native MOS) is used to complete the Dickson voltage multiplier circuit which converts the RF signal into dc voltage with boosting function. Next, an over-voltage protection circuit is considered to prevent the front-end RF circuit from damaging by high output voltage at near-field region. Finally, a low power LDO is used to produce a stable output voltage, which is used to charge the battery stably. The proposed RFEH IC is designed and implemented with standard TSMC 0.18-$\mu$m 1P6M CMOS process. According to the simulated results, the maximum conversion efficiencies of rectifier and entire system are 30.5% and 24.945% with an input powers of 0 dBm and 2 dBm, respectively, at the radio frequency of 915 MHz. Besides, the maximum conversion efficiency of rectifier and entire system are 30.3% and 24.404% with an input power of 2 dBm and 1 dBm, respectively, at the radio frequency of 2.45 GHz. As the input powers are fed from 5 dBm to 20 dBm, the output currents vary from 0.2 to 0.3 mA and the power consumptions alter from 0.3071 to 0.4355 mW, respectively. Notify that a stable output voltage is approximately 1.47 V. The chip area is about 0.867 $\times$ 0.967 mm2
Academic View with Lack Science and Lack Rations——From Production to Livelihood,from the Masses to Individuals,and from Tool to Toy

The present paper dealt with a particular view on sports.Although this idea has some positive elements,it negates the practical functions of sports in serving production and politics which cannot be denied.These functions do exist and can hardly be denied.At the same time,this view tends to overestimate the function of sport as a form of entertainment.Such one-sidedness may prove to be disadvantageous to the development of sport and the building of a well-off society in China.
Evaluasi dan Hasil Review Desain User Interface Prototype Aplikasi Mobile Sitta Universitas Terbuka

Sistem Informasi Tiras dan Transaksi Bahan Ajar (SITTA) merupakan sistem yang dimiliki Universitas Terbuka (UT) untuk mengelola layanan dan distribusi bahan ajar ke mahasiswa. Saat ini, sistem tersebut sedang dikembangkan dalam versi mobile berbasis platform Android. Aplikasi mobile SITTA dikembangkan dengan langkah awal berupa pembuatan desain prototype aplikasi. Suatu desain aplikasi perlu dilakukan evaluasi agar aspek-aspek usability dapat sesuai dengan prinsip desain User Interface dan User Experience yang baik dan benar untuk memenuhi kebutuhan user secara tepat. Penelitian ini menghasilkan hasil akhir berupa desain yang telah dievaluasi oleh pakar UI/UX Designer sebagai evaluator untuk memberikan masukkan perbaikan terhadap desain yang dirancang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan User Centered-Design dan diperoleh rancangan desain arsitektur informasi, rancangan desain user interface dalam bentuk low fidelity prototype (wireframe) dan rancangan desai user interface dalam bentuk high fidelity prototype aplikasi mobile SITTA sebagai desain rancangan yang dibuat berdasarkan evaluasi oleh pakar sesuai prinsip desain.
Combined CTP- IGF-1 Score: A New Score for Assessment of Disease Severity in HCV Related Liver Cirrhosis

Background: Liver is the largest endocrine organ in the body. It is a key organ in insulin mediated metabolism, growth hormone and insulin like growth factors (IGF) pathway. Liver cirrhosis is the end result of many chronic diseases including hepatitis C virus infection. Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) score is the standard used in assessment of hepatic reserve but it has its drawbacks in the form of subjective variables, hepatic encephalopathy and ascites. The aim of this work is to assess IGF-1 in patients with liver cirrhosis, correlate it with CTP score and assess value of modified combined CTP-IGF-1 score. Patients and Methods: 170 patients with CLD (liver cirrhosis) and 72 healthy controls in the study groups were enrolled in the study. All patients were subjected to thorough history, clinical examination and laboratory assessment. IGF-1 was measured and all patients were evaluated using CTP and CTP-IGF-1 scores. Results: IGF1 showed highly significant low values in the study group in comparison to controls (42.15 ± 27.976 and 66.31 ± 33.084 ng/ml respectively, p <0.001). It showed also highly significant negative correlation to CTP score in the study group (p < 0.001) with progressive decrements with CTP score stage progression where IGF1 levels were 48.32 ± 28.611, 40.28 ± 25.869 and 18.80 ± 15.953 ng/ml (mean ± standard deviation) in relation to CTP score groups A, B and C respectively (p value < 0.001). The combined CTP-IGF-1 score in comparison to the classic CTP score showed improved area under curve (0.848 and 0.854), sensitivity (71.2% and 88%), negative predictive value (41.7% and 53.7%), false negative results (49 and 19) and accuracy (75.73% and 83.98%) but decreased specificity (97.22% and 61.1%), positive predictive value (99.2% and 91.5%) and higher false positive results (1 and 14) respectively. Conclusion: IGF-1 show progressive decrements with progression of liver cirrhosis and is negatively correlated with CTP score. Addition of IGF-1 to CTP score to formulate combined score improves the AUC, sensitivity, negative predictive value and the accuracy of CTP score and decreases the false negative results.
Mutations in the TTN Gene are a Prognostic Factor for Patients with Lung Squamous Cell Carcinomas

Purpose To analyze the relationship between titin (TTN) mutation gene and tumor mutational burden (TMB) and the with prognosis of lung squamous cell carcinomas (LUSC), and to explore the feasibility of TTN as a potential prognostic marker of for LUSC. Methods We analyzed the somatic mutation landscape of LUSC samples using datasets obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) databases. Sequence data were divided into wild and mutant groups, and differences in TMB values between the groups compared using a Mann–Whitney U-test. The Kaplan Meier method was used to analyze the correlation between TTN mutation and LUSC prognosis, whereas CIBERSORT algorithm was used to calculate the degree of relative enrichment degree of among tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in LUSC. Results Analysis of both datasets revealed high mutations in the TTN gene, with mutants exhibiting a significantly higher TMB value relative to the wild-type (P < 0.001). Prognosis of the TTN mutant group in LUSC was significantly better than that of wild-type (P = 0.009). Kaplan Meier curves showed that TTN mutation may be an independent prognostic factor in LUSC patients (HR: 0.64, 95% CI 0.48–0.85, P = 0.001), while GSEA analysis revealed that TTN mutation plays a potential role in the development of LUSC. Finally, analysis of LUSC immune microenvironment revealed that TTN mutation was significantly associated with enrichment of macrophages M1 (p < 0.05). Conclusion TTN mutation is associated with TMB, and is positively correlated with prognosis of LUSC. Therefore, this mutation may serve as a potential prognostic indicator of LUSC.
PM—Power and Machinery: The Effect of Tyre Size on the Non-continuous Rolling Test for Narrow Tractors

Abstract In both the OECD Code and the EC Directive for testing dual-pillar front-mounted roll-over protection structures for narrow track width tractors, a non-continuous rolling preliminary test in case of lateral overturning is provided. This test can be simulated with a computer programme. The role of the tyres (and also of the rims) in the lateral overturning of narrow tractors is very important. Frequently the same tractor can be alternatively equipped with four, five, or more different tyre combinations, which can vary its total mass, width, centre of gravity position and moment of inertia about its longitudinal axis. According to the Standards the preliminary test must be carried out with the tractor fitted with tyres having the greatest diameter. Tests carried out on 17 tractors and 50 tyre combinations show that in eight of the 17 cases examined, the tyres providing the most restrictive conditions were not the highest ones. Therefore, the Standards do not provide the most restrictive conditions for the preliminary test of non-continuous rolling. This paper supports the selection of the tyres giving the highest moment of inertia of the left (or right) wheels about the tractor longitudinal axis for the non-continuous rolling test. Using this parameter in 14 of the 17 cases, the most restrictive conditions are met.
TMEM60 Promotes the Proliferation and Migration and Inhibits the Apoptosis of Glioma through Modulating AKT Signaling

Glioma is a highly fatal malignancy with aggressive proliferation, migration, and invasion metastasis due to aberrant genetic regulation. This work aimed to determine the function of transmembrane protein 60 (TMEM60) during glioma development. The level of TMEM60 in glioma tissues and normal tissues and its correlation with glioma prognosis were checked in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The levels of TMEM60 in glioma cell lines and normal astrocytes were determined by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting assay. TMEM60 knockdown and overexpression were conducted, followed by detection of cell viability, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. CCK-8 and colony formation assay were adopted to detect cell viability proliferation. Transwell assay was performed to measure cell migration and invasion. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry. The alternation of key proteins in the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was measured by western blotting. TMEM60 expression was significantly higher in glioma tissues than that in the healthy control and was correlated with poor overall survival of patients. The protein and mRNA levels of TMEM60 were both elevated in glioma cell lines in comparison with the normal cell lines. Elevated level of TMEM60 led to enhanced proliferation, migration, and invasion and suppressed cell apoptosis. TMEM60 promoted the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling. Our data suggested that TMEM60 plays an oncogenic role in glioma progression via activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
Predicting the rate of inbreeding in populations undergoing four-path selection on genomically enhanced breeding values

Objective A formula is needed that is practical for current livestock breeding methods and that predicts the approximate rate of inbreeding (ΔF) in populations where selection is performed according to four-path programs (sires to breed sons, sires to breed daughters, dams to breed sons, and dams to breed daughters). The formula widely used to predict inbreeding neglects selection, we need to develop a new formula that can be applied with or without selection. Methods The core of the prediction is to incorporate the long-tern genetic influence of the selected parents in four-selection paths executed as sires to breed sons, sires to breed daughters, dams to breed sons, and dams to breed daughters. The rate of inbreeding was computed as the magnitude that is proportional to the sum of squared long-term genetic contributions of the parents of four-selection paths to the selected offspring. Results We developed a formula to predict the rate of inbreeding in populations undergoing four-path selection on genomically enhanced breeding values and with discrete generations. The new formula can be applied with or without selection. Neglecting the effects of selection led to underestimation of the rate of inbreeding by 40% to 45%. Conclusion The formula we developed here would be highly useful as a practical method for predicting the approximate rate of inbreeding (ΔF) in populations where selection is performed according to four-path programs.
Kleine-levin syndrome (kls)-a review

Kleine-Levin Syndrome is a rare sleep disease characterized by relapsing episodes of hypersomnia interconnected with behavioral and cognitive disorders along with hyperphagia and hypersexuality. This disease occurs more often in young male adolescents. The diagnosis was clinical, primarily based on the nosologic distinction of non-identical forms of recurrent hypersomnia. The brief duration of KLS varies from 7 days to 2 months and the people affected are completely asymptomatic between episodes but during episodes, electroencephalography shows diffuse or local slow activity. Investigations for KLS comprise of medical history, magnetic resonance imaging, polysomnography, 24- hours time profile of growth hormone, melatonin, TSH, and cortisol. The Pathophysiology of this sleeping beauty syndrome is based on Neuropathological examinations, cerebrospinal fluid hypocretin-1 monitoring, clinical patterns, and neuroimaging. Imaging of brain function reveals the hypoactivity in thalamic and hypothalamic regions and imaging along with the cognitive capacity evaluation gives insights into neurobiological mechanisms of KLS. No effective treatment, as well as indefinite pathology, has been identified even though the illness is having clearly defined clinical features but some medications like stimulants and mood stabilizers can be beneficial in the treatment of severe cases.
Agile Software Development for Vaccine Delivery in The Context of the Coronavirus Pandemic

Agile software development is a group of project management methods that involve identifying customer requirements and developing solutions collaboratively. It is based on iterations of progress that consist of functional intermediate variants with few software bugs. Emphasis is placed on the frequent dialogue between team members through daily meetings where the progress made the previous day and the problems encountered are discussed. A customer representative frequently participates in these discussions. The Coronavirus pandemic has changed everyone's lifestyle. The only possibility of returning to a normal life seems to be the appearance of a weapon against the invisible enemy. Time plays the most important role, and errors must not exist. In just two weeks, a logistics software system was implemented within the National Institute for Medical-Military Research-Development "Cantacuzino" in Bucharest, to support the effort to combat the disease.
A New Goodness of Fit Measure Based on Income Inequality Curves

This paper uses inequality-measurement techniques to assess goodness of fit in income distribution models. It exposes the shortcomings of the use of conventional goodness of fit criteria in face of the big income data and proposes a new set of metrics, based on income inequality curves. In this note, we mentioned that the distance between theoretical and empirical inequality curves can be considered as a goodness of fit criterion. We demonstrate certain advantages of this measure over the other general goodness of fit criteria. Unlike other goodness of fit measures, this criterion is bounded. It is 0 in minimum difference and 1 in maximum distance. Furthermore, there is a consistency between this new goodness of fit measure and the other conventional criteria. A simulation study based on fitted distribution to real income data is performed in order to investigate some statistical properties of the new goodness of fit measure. An empirical study and comparisons are also provided.
Impact of collaborative, entrepreneurship education on the financial risk taken by university students

Based on the definition of entrepreneurship, entrepreneurs can be considered as risk-takers. The literature contains conflicting theories as to whether risk-taking can be influenced by external factors. The current paper investigates the effect of entrepreneurship education and collaborative environment on financial risk-taking behavior among university-age young people. To this end, an online survey was conducted involving 510 participants and various statistical tests were utilized to test the research hypothesis. To measure financial risk-taking propensity, the Choice Dilemma Questionnaire methodology was implemented. The results of the analysis reveal that both the level of entrepreneurship education and a collaborative environment increase financial risk-taking. Moreover, multiple linear regression methodology was used to capture the significant factors that influence financial risk-taking when investing alone and investing in a collaborative environment. As a policy recommendation, the authors suggest that an entrepreneurship training curriculum should be developed that incorporates the various activities and elements of a collaborative environment.
Study of corona discharges on VHF antennas caused by a natural electrostatic field

In civil aviation, communications between pilots and air trafic controllers are of primary importance. A jamming has been experienced on ground stations working in the VHF frequencyband (118-134 MHz). This has impaired air-ground communications. This phenomenon is due to Corona discharges occurring on the antenna pylon when there is a strong ambient electrostatic field. The aim of this PhD is to develop a model to predict the noise on the antenna induced by corona discharges, for a given geometry and ambient field. Firstly, we localize the places where corona discharges most likely occur via an electrostatic simulations. Then, we propose and validate an elementary dipole model to represent the radiation of corona discharges in the frequency domain. Finally we evaluate the interference introduced by corona discharges at the antenna ports by means of simulations in the frequency domain. The simulation results are compared with measurements.
Trade Liberalization and Economic Growth: The Scenario of the MINT Economies

This study investigated the impact of trade liberalization on economic growth for Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey from 1986 to 2020. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag Bounds approach to cointegration and Toda and Yamamoto causality test were utilized for this study. The long-run results revealed that there is no relationship between trade liberalization and real gross domestic product per capita except for Mexico and in this situation, the significance level was at 10%. The results of the causality test showed that no causality was detected between real gross domestic product per capita and trade liberalization for Mexico and Indonesia. A bidirectional causality between real gross domestic product per capita and trade liberalization was found for Nigeria whereas a unidirectional causality from trade liberalization to real gross domestic product per capita was revealed for Turkey. The no causality results for Mexico and Indonesia means that the policy objectives of trade liberalization and economic growth can be pursued independently in both economies. In addition, the bidirectional causality detected for Nigeria suggests that the policy objectives of trade liberalization and economic growth can be pursued together in Nigeria. Furthermore, the unidirectional causality from trade liberalization to real gross domestic product per capita found for Turkey implies that she employs trade liberalization policies effectively for objectives of economic growth, thus trade liberalization causes economic growth.
6 - Segmentation automatique de la parole : pourquoi? Quels segments?

I present and discuss the SAPHO (Segmentation by Acoustico-Phonetic knowledge) model implemented in Awk language under the Unix system on a MASSCOMP computer. The system is devised as a speaker independent ASS (automatic speech segmentation), by a previous recognition of the phonetic articulation manner. In ail the ASR systems the phonetic knowledge is at least implicitely used . Il has to be explicitely referred to . The phonemic units cannot be directly built from the acoustic signal and are not available at the output of SAPHO . According to the Level Building procedure SAPHO supplies a hierarchized set of acoustic properties and segments, and phonetic properties and segments which fit the phonetic parsing of the acoustic wave . The amenability of this system is entailed by ils modularity which allows a possible further architecture as distributed tasks.The processors are concieved either as data driven with numeric computalion or as expectation driven activities with symbolic computation . The recursivity in the acoustic and the phonetic supervisors at each step of the parsing ensures the likelihood of the decisions . The suitability and the reliability of SAPHO are corroborated by the accuracy of the results .