Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FrUITeR: a framework for evaluating UI test reuse

UI testing is tedious and time-consuming due to the manual effort required. Recent research has explored opportunities for reusing existing UI tests from an app to automatically generate new tests for other apps. However, the evaluation of such techniques currently remains manual, unscalable, and unreproducible, which can waste effort and impede progress in this emerging area. We introduce FrUITeR, a framework that automatically evaluates UI test reuse in a reproducible way. We apply FrUITeR to existing test-reuse techniques on a uniform benchmark we established, resulting in 11,917 test reuse cases from 20 apps. We report several key findings aimed at improving UI test reuse that are missed by existing work.
Modelling Feedback Excitation, Pacemaker Properties and Sensory Switching of Electrically Coupled Brainstem Neurons Controlling Rhythmic Activity

What cellular and network properties allow reliable neuronal rhythm generation or firing that can be started and stopped by brief synaptic inputs? We investigate rhythmic activity in an electrically-coupled population of brainstem neurons driving swimming locomotion in young frog tadpoles, and how activity is switched on and off by brief sensory stimulation. We build a computational model of 30 electrically-coupled conditional pacemaker neurons on one side of the tadpole hindbrain and spinal cord. Based on experimental estimates for neuron properties, population sizes, synapse strengths and connections, we show that: long-lasting, mutual, glutamatergic excitation between the neurons allows the network to sustain rhythmic pacemaker firing at swimming frequencies following brief synaptic excitation; activity persists but rhythm breaks down without electrical coupling; NMDA voltage-dependency doubles the range of synaptic feedback strengths generating sustained rhythm. The network can be switched on and off at short latency by brief synaptic excitation and inhibition. We demonstrate that a population of generic Hodgkin-Huxley type neurons coupled by glutamatergic excitatory feedback can generate sustained asynchronous firing switched on and off synaptically. We conclude that networks of neurons with NMDAR mediated feedback excitation can generate self-sustained activity following brief synaptic excitation. The frequency of activity is limited by the kinetics of the neuron membrane channels and can be stopped by brief inhibitory input. Network activity can be rhythmic at lower frequencies if the neurons are electrically coupled. Our key finding is that excitatory synaptic feedback within a population of neurons can produce switchable, stable, sustained firing without synaptic inhibition.
Sea ice concentration variability over the Southern Ocean and its impact on precipitation in southeastern South America

This article quantifies the relationship between sea ice cover (SIC) on the Southern Ocean and precipitation and river discharges over southeastern and eastern South America. The period of analysis covers from 1981 to 2008 and includes monthly mean data of SIC over the Ross, Amundsen–Bellingshausen and Weddell Seas, as well as atmospheric variables and discharges of selected rivers in eastern South America. To isolate the effect of known modes of climate variability on SIC, the signals of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation and the Southern Annual Mode are removed from all time series through regression analysis. Composites of precipitation differences over South America reveal a pattern of enhanced rainfall activity over the South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ) in summer (JFM) when SIC is above average particularly over the Weddell Sea area, while winter (ASO) SIC anomalies show negative and significant correlations with rainfall over much of South America. Moisture fluxes patterns in summer reveal increased moisture transport towards the SACZ region and decreased low‐level jet activity (and precipitation) over northern Argentina. In particular a large dry bias over southeastern South America associated to positive SIC anomalies on the Weddell Sea in September is shown to impact the discharges of the Uruguay and Iguazú Rivers, with the largest effects found two months after the SIC anomaly (November). Although less robust, a relationship with the Paraná River is also found. These results suggest that increased SIC over the Weddell Sea during September can help to forecast drier conditions particularly on the Uruguay basin and somewhat wetter conditions in the SACZ region within the following season.
The Character of Channel Migration on the Beatton River, Northeast British Columbia, Canada

Dendrochronological surveys on ten point-bar complexes on the Beatton River, northeast British Columbia, provide the basis for measurement of lateral migration and incision during the last 250 yr. The rate of channel-bend migration reaches a maximum value where the ratio radius of channel curvature to stream width ( r m / w m ) approximates 3.0. The rate of channel migration rapidly declines for bends with values of r m / w m greater or less than 3.0. In addition, the spacing of flood-plain ridges ( d ) increases with increasing rates of bend migration. Equations for predicting the migration rate ( M , meters/year) on the study reach take the form: (see pdf for equation)
Increased mass over the Tibetan Plateau: From lakes or glaciers?

The mass balance in the Inner Tibet Plateau (ITP) derived from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) showed a positive rate that was attributed to the glacier mass gain, whereas glaciers in the region, from other field‐based studies, showed an overall mass loss. In this study, we examine lake's water level and mass changes in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and suggest that the increased mass measured by GRACE was predominately due to the increased water mass in lakes. For the 200 lakes in the TP with 4 to 7 years of ICESat data available, the mean lake level and total mass change rates were +0.14 m/yr and +4.95 Gt/yr, respectively. Compared those in the TP, 118 lakes in the ITP showed higher change rates (+0.20 m/yr and +4.28 Gt/yr), accounting for 59% area and 86% mass increase of the 200 lakes. The lake's mass increase rate in the ITP explains the 61% increased mass (~7 Gt/yr) derived from GRACE [Jacob et al., 2012], while it only accounts for 53% of the total lake area in the ITP.
Constraints on crustal structure in eastern Iceland based on extremal inversions of refraction data

In the summer of 1978 the Iceland Research Drilling Project undertook the drilling of a deep crustal hole near Reydarfjorder in eastern Iceland. As a part of this project, the Scripps Institution of Oceanography and the University of Washington undertook a small-scale seismic refraction experiment near the drill site in an attempt to compare surface geophysical measurements with observations of samples from and logging in the hole. Using recent advances in the methods of extremal inversion of seismic data, we have determined an approximate one-dimensional velocity structure for the drill site. This structure indicates that the 1.9-km hole failed to penetrate the layer 2 layer -3 transition which was at some 3.0–4.5 km beneath the drill site. The transition appears to be rather abrupt, unlike that beneath the ocean, with velocity increasing from 5.2–5.5 km/s in the upper crust to about 6.7 km/s in layer 3. We observe a steep eastward dip and a shallow westward dip in the lower crust away from the nearby Thingmuli and Reydarfjordur volcanic centers, respectively, in agreement with previous work associating shallow depths to layer 3 with Tertiary volcanic centers as a result of increasing metamorphic grade and increased dyke swarm intensity.
Multidimensional Data Stream Summarization Using Extended Tilted-Time Windows

Nowadays, servers register more and more log entries. Monitoring, analyzing and exctracting knowledge from networks and web servers is crucial for a lot of applications. Indeed, logs can be useful for describing the activity by means of several dimensions. But logs arrive at an intensive rate and are observable at a low level of granularity which make it unrealistic to store the whole log history and leads us considering logs as data stream. Moreover, as logs are composed by several fields which can be considered as multiple levels of granularity, it would be interresting to provide an on-line analytical processing on such data stream. So, a natural question is "is it possible to perform a multi-level and multidimensional analysis by building a cube supplied by a data stream? ''. A choice has to be done in order selecting the most useful information. We tackle this problem by exploiting user's preferences. Generaly, users consult the recent history at fine levels of granularity. Then, this need of precision decreases when the age of the data increases. To this end, we introduce precision functions. Their combination lead to a compact data cube framework which can answer to most of queries. Experiments conduced on both synthetic and real data sets show that our approach can be applied to data stream context.
Cache-Aided Two-User Broadcast Channels with State Information at Receivers

A two-user coded caching problem is studied in a joint source-channel coding framework. A source generates symbols at a certain rate for each file in the database, and a fixed fraction of the symbols are cached at each user. The delivery phase of coded caching takes place over a time-varying erasure broadcast channel, where the channel state information is only available at the receivers. The maximum source rate to keep up with the ergodic rate of both users is characterized.
WHU-NERCMS at TRECVID2015: Instance Search Task

This paper introduces our work at the automatic instance search task of TRECVID 2015. The purpose of this task is to search spe-ciﬁc targets in a large-scale video database. The key problems this year we are concerned about includes: 1. How to improve traditional BoW models; 2. How to improve retrieval precision with cross-mode information as an auxiliary to traditional visual features; 3. How to optimize the initial retrieval results. Correspondingly, our work is divided into three parts: First part is object retrieval with visual features based on BoW model. In this part, Bow model is augmented by Query Adaptive Similarity Measure [1]. Second part is object retrieval with textual information. We adopt caption information and plot information of the series EastEnders in its oﬃcial websites [2]. Third part includes several fusion and optimization strategies adopted to improve the initial results. The main improvement in the strategies is Query Expansion With Adjacen-t Shots, which aims to retrieve more precisely in the adjacent shots of initial top-k results.
Multi-modal Expression Recognition in the Wild Using Sequence Modeling

As we exceed upon the procedures for modelling the different aspects of behaviour, expression recognition has become a key field of research in Human Computer Interactions. Expression recognition in the wild is a very interesting problem and is challenging as it involves detailed feature extraction and heavy computation. This paper presents the methodologies and techniques used in our contribution to recognize different expressions i.e., neutral, anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, surprise in ABAW competition on Aff-Wild2 database. Aff-Wild2 database consists of videos in the wild labelled for seven different expressions at frame level. We used a bi-modal approach by fusing audio and visual features and train a sequence-to-sequence model that is based on Gated Recurrent Units (GRU) and Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) network. We show experimental results on validation data. The overall accuracy of the proposed approach is 41.5 %, which is better than the competition baseline of 37%.
Asymptotic Optimality of Finite Model Approximations for Partially Observed Markov Decision Processes With Discounted Cost

We consider finite model approximations of discrete-time partially observed Markov decision processes (POMDPs) under the discounted cost criterion. After converting the original partially observed stochastic control problem to a fully observed one on the belief space, the finite models are obtained through the uniform quantization of the state and action spaces of the belief space Markov decision process (MDP). Under mild assumptions on the components of the original model, it is established that the policies obtained from these finite models are nearly optimal for the belief space MDP, and so, for the original partially observed problem. The assumptions essentially require that the belief space MDP satisfies a mild weak continuity condition. We provide an example and introduce explicit approximation procedures for the quantization of the set of probability measures on the state space of POMDP (i.e., belief space).
Edge and corner detection in grayscale and color images using first Fourier basis

In this paper we present an algorithm for edge and corner detection in the greyscale and colour images using Fourier Amplitude Measure. We use the magnitude of the first Fourier basis to detect changes in the image intensity profile. We show the mathematical equivalence of the first Fourier co-efficient to that of the first order partial derivatives. Thus we interpret these coefficients as an estimate of the derivative measure and call them as Fourier Derivative Estimate. We then modify the first order derivative based method used for edge and corner detection using the Fourier Derivative Estimates (FDE) to produce robust edges and corner points. We compare the repeatability rate between FDE method and first order derivative methods in grayscale images. We then show examples where in, the generalization of this method to color images is found to be stable under illumination, blur, color contrast and affine variations, suggesting the utility of this method for image registration and mosaicing purposes.
Learning in the artificial factory

We study the effects of various incentive schemes on the learning behavior of teams in an artificial factory. Modeling the new product development process, we demonstrate, how production and marketing agents learn to coordinate their actions in order to produce the optimal product with respect to their incentive schemes. As a coordinating mechanism between marketing and production, we use the House of Quality Framework of H.J.R. Hauser and D. Clausing (1988). The House of Quality methodology, which is used by real firms, contains important information from marketing and production. It is a procedure that facilitates the search for new, promising (from market perspective), and feasible products (from a production/design perspective). We found that the House of Quality approach yields higher life cycle returns than the traditional search for new products, especially for a low number of search steps. This is an important finding recommending the application of the House of Quality since the number of search steps directly influences time to market. Thus, minimizing the number of steps could be an important competitive advantage in today's fast moving consumer markets.
Direct Simulation of Reed Wind Instruments

��� The synthesis of sound based on physical models of wind instruments has traditionally been carried out in a variety of ways. Digital waveguides (Smith 1986; Scavone 1997; van Walstijn and Campbell 2003; van Walstijn 2007) have been extensively explored, especially in the special cases of cylindrical and conical tubes, in which case they yield an extreme efficiency advantage. A related scattering method, wave digital filtering (Fettweis 1986), is also used to connect waveguide tube models with lumped elements such as an excitation mechanism (Bilbao, Bensa, and Kronland-Martinet 2003) or toneholes (van Walstijn and Scavone 2000). Another body of techniques, closely related to digital waveguides, and based around impedance descriptions, has been developed recently (Guillemain 2004). Other techniques, employing finite-difference approximations to the reed model (as opposed to wave- and scattering-based methods) bear a closer resemblance to the direct simulation methods to be discusssed here (Avanzini and Rocchesso 2002; van Walstijn and Avanzini 2007; Avanzini and van Walstijn 2004). Most of these methods owe a great deal to the much earlier treatment of self-sustained musical oscillators by McIntyre, Schumacher and Woodhouse (1983). All of these methods rely, to some degree, on simplified descriptions of the resonator (tube). For example, digital waveguides make use of a traveling wave decomposition, accompanied by frequencydomain (impedance or reflectance) characterizations of lumped elements or phenomena such as bell radiation and tone holes. Other methods make use of the Green’s function or impulse response of the tube directly (McIntyre, Schumacher and Woodhouse 1983). These methods are, in the end, implemented in the time domain, but the notion of the spatial extent of the tube is suppressed: The system is viewed in an input–output sense. When it comes to sound synthesis, however, it is not clear that it is necessary to do so; once one has arrived
Hitting the memory wall: implications of the obvious

Static cache analysis characterizes a program's cache behavior by determining in a sound but approximate manner which memory accesses result in cache hits and which result in cache misses. Such information is valuable in optimizing compilers, worst-case execution time analysis, and side-channel attack quantification and mitigation.Cache analysis is usually performed as a combination of `must' and `may' abstract interpretations, classifying instructions as either `always hit', `always miss', or `unknown'. Instructions classified as `unknown' might result in a hit or a miss depending on program inputs or the initial cache state. It is equally possible that they do in fact always hit or always miss, but the cache analysis is too coarse to see it.Our approach to eliminate this uncertainty consists in (i) a novel abstract interpretation able to ascertain that a particular instruction may definitely cause a hit and a miss on different paths, and (ii) an exact analysis, removing all remaining uncertainty, based on model checking, using abstract-interpretation results to prune down the model for scalability.We evaluated our approach on a variety of examples; it notably improves precision upon classical abstract interpretation at reasonable cost.
A Bridging Mechanism in the Homogenization of Brittle Composites with Soft Inclusions

We provide a homogenization result for the energy-functional associated with a purely brittle composite whose microstructure is characterized by soft periodic inclusions embedded in a stiffer matrix. We show that the two constituents as above can be suitably arranged on a microscopic scale $\varepsilon$ to obtain, in the limit as $\varepsilon$ tends to zero, a homogeneous macroscopic energy-functional explicitly depending on the opening of the crack.
Solute transport by surface runoff from low-angle slopes: theory and application.

The removal of chemicals in solution by overland flow from agricultural land has the potential to be a significant source of chemical loss where chemicals are applied to the soil surface, as in zero tillage and surface-mulched farming systems. Currently, we lack detailed understanding of the transfer mechanism between the soil solution and overland flow, particularly under field conditions. A model of solute transfer from soil solution to overland flow was developed. The model is based on the hypothesis that a solute is initially distributed uniformly throughout the soil pore space in a thin layer at the soil surface. A fundamental assumption of the model is that at the time runoff commences, any solute at the soil surface that could be transported into the soil with the infiltrating water will already have been convected away from the area of potential exchange. Solute remaining at the soil surface is therefore not subject to further infiltration and may be approximated as a layer of tracer on a plane impermeable surface. The model fitted experimental data very well in all but one trial. The model in its present form focuses on the exchange of solute between the soil solution and surface water after the commencement of runoff. Future model development requires the relationship between the mass transfer parameters of the model and the time to runoff to be defined. This would enable the model to be used for extrapolation beyond the specific experimental results of this study. The close agreement between experimental results and model simulations shows that the simple transfer equation proposed in this study has promise for estimating solute loss to surface runoff.
Effects of Negative Media Events on Tourist's Decisions

Abstract During the recent years, the role of mass media and its crucial position in the tourism information and decision-making process has increased. The decision to choose one holiday destination over a myriad of available choices is just one of many steps in the tourist’s decision-making process. The question rising from this is whether there is a relationship between what is being communicated by the mass media and the tourist’s stimulus. Tourism operators on Fiji and other holiday destinations have experienced that the messages the mass media are communicating to the public can have a significant impact on the numbers of visitors to the destination. An event published in the mass media is seen as objective and factual because a third party writes it. However, editorial staff of the media controls what is being published, and it is hard, if not impossible, for the tourism operators to control. This paper uses an analytical approach to discuss the relationship between tourism and the effects of news reports on customers decisions-making and motivations resulting in the tourist’s travel behaviour. The findings in this paper indicate that the mass media plays an important role in tourist’s decision-making process. Keywords: Tourism, Negative media events, Perception, Image
Managing SMT resource usage through speculative instruction window weighting

Simultaneous multithreading processors dynamically share processor resources between multiple threads. In general, shared SMT resources may be managed explicitly, for instance, by dynamically setting queue occupation bounds for each thread as in the DCRA and Hill-Climbing policies. Alternatively, resources may be managed implicitly; that is, resource usage is controlled by placing the desired instruction mix in the resources. In this case, the main resource management tool is the instruction fetch policy which must predict the behavior of each thread (branch mispredictions, long-latency loads, etc.) as it fetches instructions. In this article, we present the use of Speculative Instruction Window Weighting (SIWW) to bridge the gap between implicit and explicit SMT fetch policies. SIWW estimates for each thread the amount of outstanding work in the processor pipeline. Fetch proceeds for the thread with the least amount of work left. SIWW policies are implicit as fetch proceeds for the thread with the least amount of work left. They are also explicit as maximum resource allocation can also be set. SIWW can use and combine virtually any of the indicators that were previously proposed for guiding the instruction fetch policy (number of in-flight instructions, number of low confidence branches, number of predicted cache misses, etc.). Therefore, SIWW is an approach to designing SMT fetch policies, rather than a particular fetch policy. Targeting fairness or throughput is often contradictory and a SMT scheduling policy often optimizes only one performance metric at the sacrifice of the other metric. Our simulations show that the SIWW fetch policy can achieve at the same time state-of-the-art throughput, state-of-the-art fairness and state-of-the-art harmonic performance mean.