Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AUC Maximization with K-hyperplane

Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC) is a reliable metric for measuring the quality of the classification performance on imbalanced data. The existing pairwise learn to rank linear algorithms can optimize the AUC metric efficiently, but lack modeling the nonlinearity underlying the data. The large scale and nonlinear distribution of many real world data render the kernelized variants of these linear classifiers impractical. In this paper, we propose a linear K-hyperplane classifier for AUC maximization. The proposed method employs a set of linear pairwise classifiers in order to approximate the nonlinear decision boundary. More specifically, we define a set of landmark points using unsupervised algorithm, and associate each landmark with a linear pairwise classifier. These linear classifiers are learned jointly on pairs of instances where each instance in the pair is weighted based on its distance from the corresponding landmark point. We use a local coding algorithm to estimate the weights of the instances. Experiments on several benchmark datasets demonstrate that our classifier is efficient and able to achieve roughly comparable AUC classification performance as compared to kernalized pairwise classifier. The proposed classifier also outperforms the linear RankSVM classifiers in terms of AUC performance.
Security Relevant Methods of Android's API Classification: A Machine Learning Empirical Evaluation

The Android operating system provides functions and methods to handle sensitive data to secure users’ data. The Android security literature extracts binary features from a method and classifies the method into one of the Security Relevant Method's classes, adding information about how the method handles sensitive data. However, the usage of binary features hinders the performance of some classifiers due to the high collision rate between instances. Although previous works have explored Security Relevant Method classification, an extensive study of machine learning algorithms over this problem has not been conceived. This work fills this gap, analyzing Monolithic classifiers, Multiple Classifier Systems, and Embedding algorithms to transform binary features into real-valued features, aiming to facilitate the classifier's work by minimizing the ambiguity promoted by the collision. Our analyzes show that META-DES, using a pool of Decision Trees trained with the Random Forest algorithm, statistically has the best results. We also find that, in general, distance-based classifiers have a disadvantage in binary features. Moreover, embedding techniques such as deep metric learning with triplet loss can reduce geometrical instance ambiguity, improving the performance of the weakest learning algorithms. However, its usage was detrimental to the performance of more robust techniques, such as dynamic ensemble models better suited for handling difficult cases. The dataset and code used for the experiments are available in the following repository: https://github.com/walbermr/android-srm-ml-evaluation.
Ontogenetic changes in functional matrices and facial bone remodeling

According to the functional matrix hypothesis, changes in size and shape and localization of facial bones during individual ontogeny are influenced by periosteal and capsular matrices. However, the interaction of the functional matrices with the distribution of areas of bone remodeling has not been extensively studied yet. Here we evaluate the changes in the volume of the paranasal sinuses and orbital capsule with age and their association with facial growth arising from bone remodeling patterns of the upper and middle face in a sample of prehistoric human populations from South America. We found an association between capsule size and bone cell proportions, however the trajectories of variation are ambiguous across bones. The frontal and maxillary sinuses had a significant increase from 4.5 up to 14.5 years old, while the orbital capsule had an increase in volume even in adult stages. In turn, the volume of the frontal sinus increases while the bone formation remains relatively stable in subadults and decreases in adults, while the maxilla and the zygomatic bones display a lower proportion of formation when the bones are growing. Our study contributes with information concerning the covariation between bone growth remodeling and the increments of the capsular matrices.
Toward an automated low-cost three-dimensional crop surface monitoring system using oblique stereo imagery from consumer-grade smart cameras

Abstract. Crop surface models (CSMs) representing plant height above ground level are a useful tool for monitoring in-field crop growth variability and enabling precision agriculture applications. A semiautomated system for generating CSMs was implemented. It combines an Android application running on a set of smart cameras for image acquisition and transmission and a set of Python scripts automating the structure-from-motion (SfM) software package Agisoft Photoscan and ArcGIS. Only ground-control-point (GCP) marking was performed manually. This system was set up on a barley field experiment with nine different barley cultivars in the growing period of 2014. Images were acquired three times a day for a period of two months. CSMs were successfully generated for 95 out of 98 acquisitions between May 2 and June 30. The best linear regressions of the CSM-derived plot-wise averaged plant-heights compared to manual plant height measurements taken at four dates resulted in a coefficient of determination R2 of 0.87 and a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.08 m, with Willmott’s refined index of model performance dr equaling 0.78. In total, 103 mean plot heights were used in the regression based on the noon acquisition time. The presented system succeeded in semiautomatedly monitoring crop height on a plot scale to field scale.
Taylor problem and onset of plasmoid instability in the Hall-magnetohydrodynamics

A well-known Taylor problem in the theory of forced magnetic reconnection is investigated in the framework of the Hall-Magnetohydrodynamics. In the first part of the paper, we deal with the linear theory of the Hall-mediated forced reconnection. Then, in the second part, these results are used for demonstrating how the secondary tearing (plasmoid) instability can develop in the course of this process.
Chemical constituents and cytotoxic activity of Eugenia involucrata DC. infusion

In this work, the chemical constituents of the infusion from the leaves of Eugenia involucrata DC. (Myrtaceae) were elucidated using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS), as well as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The toxicity of the infusion was evaluated using the brine shrimp (Artemia salina) lethality test. Nineteen chemical compounds were identified by UHPLC-MS/MS: gallic acid; quinic acid; epicatechin; gallocatechin; (epi)afzelechin-(epi)catechin; quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside (quercitrin); citric acid; tryptophan; aconitic acid; (-)-epicatechin-(4β→8)-(-)-epicatechin (procyanidin B2); rutin; quercetin-3-O-glucoside; naringenin-7-O-glucoside (prunin); coumaric acid; azelaic acid; quercetin; naringenin; kaempferol-3-O-glucoside (astragalin). FTIR analysis revealed bands attributed to phenols and alcohols, alkanes and carboxylic acids, flavonoids and polyphenols, aromatic compounds, and aliphatic amines. According to the results, the infusion of E. involucrata DC. demonstrated atoxicity and contained chemical components that could be useful in the development of new therapeutic or herbal agents.
Fabrication and development of novel micromachined parylene-based electroactive membranes with embedded microfluidic architectures

This work describes the design, fabrication, modeling, and testing of monolithic micromachined parylene-based electroactive membranes (µPEMs) with embedded microfluidic channels. The design and modeling employed analytical plate theory to determine the optimal membrane dimensions and structural shapes for various microsystem designs. The µPEMs were fabricated using a combination of surface and bulk micromachining techniques incorporating Parylene C as a biocompatible polymeric structural material combined with patterned electrodes for actuation. Experimental actuation of the electroactive membranes demonstrated reliability with minimal voltage shifts, and theoretical pull-in voltages closely matching experimental results. Different structural parameters of the µPEMs were also tested, such as varying the overall membrane thickness/structural rigidity and actuation chamber depth. Dynamic actuation of the membrane, including, the deflection and system response to various actuation frequencies, was observed and quantified via optical coherence tomography techniques. Microfluidic architectures were monolithically integrated with the membrane actuator and successfully perfused, with no signs of leakage. This compact microsystem has potential applications in microfluidics and Lab/System-On-a-Chip devices, for use in micromixers, particle manipulators, and applying strain to adherent cells cultured on top of the membrane.
Percutaneous screw fixation and external stabilization as definitive surgical intervention for a pelvic ring injury combined with an acetabular fracture in the acute phase of polytrauma: a case report

Unstable pelvic ring injuries are potentially life-threatening and associated with high mortality and complication rates in polytrauma patients. The most common cause of death in patients with pelvic ring injuries is massive bleeding. With resuscitation, external fixation can be performed as a temporary stabilization procedure for hemostasis in unstable pelvic fractures. Internal fixation following temporary external fixation of the pelvic ring yields superior and more reliable stabilization. However, a time-consuming extended approach to open reduction and internal fixation of the pelvic ring is frequently precluded by an unacceptable physiologic condition and/or concomitant injuries in patients with multiple injuries. Conservative treatment may lead to pelvic ring deformity, which is associated with various functional disabilities such as limb length discrepancy, gait disturbance, and sitting intolerance. Therefore, if the patient is not expected to be suitable for additional surgery due to a poor expected physiologic condition, definitive external fixation in combination with various percutaneous screw fixations to restore the pelvic ring should be considered in the acute phase. Herein, we report a case of unstable pelvic ring injury successfully treated with definitive external fixation and percutaneous screw fixation in the acute phase in a severely injured polytrauma patient.
Exploring the key genetic association between chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma through integrated bioinformatics

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) develops rapidly and has a poor prognosis. It has been demonstrated that pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and chronic pancreatitis (CP) have a close connection. However, the underlying mechanisms for chronic pancreatitis transforming into pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma are still unclear. The purpose of this study was to identify real hub genes in the development of chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Methods: RNA-seq data of chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to construct a gene co-expression network between chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. GEO2R and a Venn diagram were used to identify differentially expressed genes. Then visualized networks were constructed with ClueGO, and modules of PPI network were calculated by MCODE plugin. Further validation of the results was carried out in two additional cohorts. Analyses of CEL-coexpressed genes and regulators including miRNAs and transcription factors were performed by using the corresponding online web tool. Finally, the influence of CEL in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) was assessed by immune contextual analysis. Results: With the help of WGCNA and GEO2R, four co-expression modules and six hub genes were identified, respectively. ClueGO enrichment analysis and MCODE cluster analysis revealed that the dysfunctional transport of nutrients and trace elements might contribute to chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma development. The real hub gene CEL was identified with a markedly low expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in external validation sets. According to the miRNA-gene network construction, hsa-miR-198 may be the key miRNA. A strong correlation exists between CEL and TIME after an evaluation of the influence of CEL in TIME. Conclusion: Our study revealed the dysfunctional transport of nutrients and trace elements may be common pathogenesis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and chronic pancreatitis. Examination on these common pathways and real hub genes may shed light on the underlying mechanism.
The Characterizations of Professor Snape in J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter And The Philosopher’s Stone

J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone has presented readers with different unique teachers. Even though Rowling’s series disclose Professor Snape as a hero, the first novel depicted him as an insufferable character set to thwart the main characters’ adventure. This study aimed to provide more objective portrayals of Professor Snape through interactive qualitative data analysis. The subject of the study is J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone. Meanwhile, the characterizations of Professor Snape become the object of the study. As the main instrument of data collection, the researcher conducted close reading. The analysis consisted of a concurrent process of data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing, which are also synchronized with the data collected at the beginning of the research. This study reveals that Professor Snape was depicted as knowledgeable, curious, observant, hardworking, loner, partial, loyal, responsible, and authoritative. These results show that Professor Snape has good characters. However, they were overshadowed by his brooding appearance. This conclusion implies that students should not judge their teacher or others based on their appearance.
Linear optimal filter for system subject to random delay and packet dropout

This note is concerned with the linear estimation problems for discrete‐time systems where the measurements are subject to random time delay and packet dropout. Different from most of previous works, the time‐stamping is assumed to be unavailable in this paper. In this case, the estimation problems for such systems are very difficult because the information of the received measurements is not exactly known in most cases. To overcome the difficulty caused by the random delay and unavailability of time‐stamping, a new observation is introduced by the summation of all the measurements received in the same time. Then, the random time delay measurement system is converted into a constant‐delay measurement system with multiplicative noises where the noise is binary distributed random variables with known distributions. Finally, the linear optimal estimator is derived by using the transformation of auto‐regressive moving average model to state‐space model and the standard Kalman filtering. The convergence and stability of the filter are also analyzed. A simulation example is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed estimator. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transforming livestock by-products into nutritious extruded feed additives: a sustainable approach for modern agriculture

The search for a solution to the challenge of providing the agriculture industry with complete feeds is relevant to modern animal husbandry in many countries, and protein is a key limiting component in feed. Along with the growth of food production, the waste it produces, which is also a valuable resource of useful components, can be recycled and used. Thus, in slaughter, butchering and meat production, a large amount of waste is generated, including by-products that can be processed further. The extrusion process is one of the best processing methods to improve the nutritional value of ingredients and feed and improve feed efficiency. In modern feed milling operations, extrusion must be considered as the main process for increasing feed profitability. The benefits of the extrusion process in improving the nutritional value and efficiency of ingredients and feeds depend on many factors, such as the structure and chemical composition of the ingredients, the processing conditions and the equipment used in processing. This article substantiates the need to develop technologies for involving production waste in their further use in medium- and long-term growth in the demand for food. A technology for producing an extruded feed additive based on vegetable feed with the addition of slaughter waste is presented. The formulation of a feed additive in which different percentages of slaughter waste of 5.10% and 15% corn was replaced with by-products was studied. The water activity of the obtained extruded feed additives was studied, where, at a content of 15% slaughter waste, it was low compared with that of the other two samples. Further research will allow procuring fodder products with a high biological value and utilising unclaimed by-products of livestock slaughter.
RECURRENT ACUTE HIDRADENITIS SUPPURATIVA: CASE REPORT WITH 12 MONTH FOLLOW UP.

Received: 26 September 2016 Final Accepted: 29 October 2016 Published: November 2016 Hidradenitis suppurativa usually occurs in otherwise healthy adolescents and adults. It rarely may begin before puberty. In a significant number of cases, no explanation exists. This case report documents one patient with a clear pattern of recurrent acute hidradenitis suppurativa and no identifiable cause despite great effort. After 8 months of recurrent symptoms, she was found to have marked elevation of white blood cell and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The onset of hidradenitis suppurativa is insidious, with the earliest sign being erythema and may present with variable clinical features. Therefore, it is important to approach hidradenitis suppurativa as a systemic disease with an interprofessional team.
Improving modelled albedo over the Greenland ice sheet through parameter optimisation and MODIS snow albedo retrievals

Abstract. Greenland ice sheet mass loss continues to accelerate as global temperatures increase. The surface albedo of the ice sheet determines the amount of absorbed solar energy, which is a key factor in driving surface snow and ice melting. Satellite-retrieved snow albedo allows us to compare and optimise modelled albedo over the entirety of the ice sheet. We optimise the parameters of the albedo scheme in the ORCHIDEE (Organizing Carbon and Hydrology in Dynamic Ecosystems) land surface model for 3 random years taken over the 2000–2017 period and validate over the remaining years. In particular, we want to improve the albedo at the edges of the ice sheet, since they correspond to ablation areas and show the greatest variations in runoff and surface mass balance. By giving a larger weight to points at the ice sheet's edge, we improve the model–data fit by reducing the root-mean-square deviation by over 25 % for the whole ice sheet for the summer months. This improvement is consistent for all years, even those not used in the calibration step. We also show the optimisation successfully improves the model–data fit at 87.5 % of in situ sites from the PROMICE (Programme for Monitoring of the Greenland Ice Sheet) network. We conclude by showing which additional model outputs are impacted by changes to the albedo parameters, encouraging future work using multiple data streams when optimising these parameters.
Addressing Barriers to Healthy Eating Through Food as Medicine Initiatives

Poor diet is the number one risk factor for death globally; yet, few adults meet the dietary guidelines for optimal health. Food is medicine initiatives including food pharmacies, produce prescriptions, and medically tailored meals are emerging models to improve diet and reduce diet-related disease. These initiatives target barriers to healthy eating, including access, nutrition knowledge, culinary skill, motivation, and support. The following will discuss significant barriers to healthy eating and describe the strategies employed within these initiatives to overcome such barriers.
PRRSV-1 Stabilization Programs in French Farrow-to-Finish Farms: A Way to Reduce Antibiotic Usage

Simple Summary This study reports an investigation into 19 French farrow-to-finish farms that successfully implemented the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus type 1 (PRRSV-1) stabilization protocol between 2007 and 2019. One year before (P1) and one year after (P2) the introduction of this protocol, the antibiotic consumptions (expressed in mg/PCU and ALEA) were compared for each farm. The difference between P1 and P2 was also calculated in percentages. The transition from P1 to P2 revealed that the higher the consumption levels were in P1, the greater the antibiotic reduction in P2. These results emphasize how stability against PRRSV-1 seems to reduce antibiotic usage, particularly in farms with a high level of consumption. Abstract Infection with the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus type 1 (PRRSV-1) has serious economic consequences for the pig industry. Swine practitioners and other agricultural advisors often describe an increase in antibiotic use when PRRSV-1 is circulating. Our objective was to assess the impact of PRRSV-1 stabilization programs on reducing antibiotic use in 19 French farrow-to-finish farms that successfully implemented such a protocol between 2007 and 2019. For each farm, we compared the global antibiotic consumption, including all physiological stages (expressed in mg/PCU and ALEA) one year before (P1) and one year after (P2) the implementation of the protocol, and the change between P1 and P2 was calculated in percentages. The data were also analyzed by level of consumption. We showed that antibiotic use decreased significantly between P1 and P2 if expressed in mg/PCU and showed a decreased tendency in terms of exposure (ALEA) after PRRSV-1 stabilization. Concerning the change from P1 to P2, depending on the level of consumption in P1, our results showed that the higher the consumption levels were in P1, the greater the antibiotic reduction in P2. This study highlights the ability of a stabilization protocol against PRRSV-1 to reduce antibiotic use, especially on farms that have high consumption rates. These hopeful results show that further investigations about the relationship between PRRSV-1 and antibiotic usage could be beneficial.
Relatos fotográfi cos en la prevención del consumo de sustancias Photographic stories on prevention of psychoactive substances on socially vulnerable schoolers

Se desarrolló una investigación en la institución educativa Compartir Las Brisas, ubicada en la comuna Villa Santana (Pereira, Colombia), motivada por las preocupaciones de tres profesoras inquietas por el futuro de las generaciones actuales en escenarios de vulnerabilidad social. Se empleó la cartografía social como técnica de reconocimiento de contexto. El objetivo fue describir cómo inciden los relatos fotográfi cos en la prevención del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en niños y niñas de la institución mencionada. El diseño fue descriptivo, con pretest, talleres de fotografía y de sensibilización en resiliencia. La fotografía movilizó el sentir de los niños y las niñas expresado en los diferentes relatos y permitió externalizar sentimientos de esperanza y miedo, vislumbrando elementos en el proceso de prevención del consumo.