Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Racial and Gender Disparities Among Obese Patients With Pancreatic Cancer

Background: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the third leading cause of cancer death. Obesity can increase the risk of PC by up to 50%. Studies have shown racial and gender disparities in PC, however, there is a paucity of such information in obese PC patients. Aim: The aim of this study was to: (1) evaluate the incidence and prevalence of obesity among PC patients in the United States over the last 15 years, and (2) determine if variation exists in the demographic of obese PC patients over the last 15 years. It is hoped that this information could be used to assist in primary prevention and early detection of PC. Methods: A population-based retrospective analysis in IBM Explorys, a pooled, national, deidentified database of 63 million patients from 300 hospitals in the United States. Patient populations were identified using SNOMED and ICD codes. Cochrane-Armitage testing was performed to analyze trends in obesity among PC. Subgroup analysis for gender, age, race, and mortality rate were assessed. Results: The percentage of obese patients with PC increased over the 15-year period (2.5% to 8.5%, P<0.0001). Rates of obesity among PC patients increased among females (P=0.0004), individuals under age 65 years (P=0.0002), and all races, but especially for African Americans (P=0.0007) and those in minority groups. Conclusion: Awareness of disparities in PC and applying targeted care to those at increased risk are essential to improve future outcomes, including increased health care access and recruitment in research studies for minority groups.
Etiologic Factors of Rotator Cuff Disease in Elderly: Modifiable Factors in Addition to Known Demographic Factors

With the aging society, musculoskeletal degenerative diseases are becoming a burden on society, and rotator cuff disease is one of these degenerative diseases. The purpose of this study was to examine the incidence of shoulder osteoarthritis and the etiologic factors of rotator cuff disease in the Korean elderly population. A total of 102 patients performing ultrasonography were recruited, and their demographic factors were analyzed. As functional factors, visual analog scale and the peak torque of external and internal rotators of the shoulder using an isokinetic dynamometer were measured. As an anatomical factor, the acromiohumeral distance in the plain radiograph of the glenohumeral anterior-posterior view was used. There were more female patients (65.7%) than male patients (34.3%). The age range with the highest number of respondents was 50–59 years old. The mean visual analogue score was 4.09 (Min 1 to Max 9). Age and dominant hand side factors appear to be the crucial etiologic factors of the presence and severity of rotator cuff disease. The lower net value of the external rotator strength is weakly related to the presence of rotator cuff disease after adjusting for age, and this is the only modifiable factor in the study.
Pial Vessel-Associated Microglia/Macrophages Increase in Female Dahl-SS/Jr Rats Independent of Pregnancy History

As the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, microglia have a wide range of functions such as surveillance, phagocytosis, and signaling through production of chemokines and cytokines. Recent studies have identified and characterized macrophages residing at the meninges, a series of layers surrounding the brain and spinal cord. While perivascular microglia within the brain parenchyma increase following chronic hypertension, there are no reports of changes at the meninges, and specifically, associated with the pial vasculature. Thus, we used female Sprague Dawley and Dahl salt-sensitive (SS/Jr) rat brains, stained for ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule (Iba1), and characterized microglia/macrophages associated with pial vessels in the posterior brain. Results indicate that Iba1+ pial vessel-associated microglia (PVAM) completely surrounded the vessels in brains from the Dahl-SS/Jr rats. PVAM density was significantly higher and distance between PVAMs lower in Dahl-SS/Jr compared to the Sprague Dawley rat brains. Pregnancy history did not affect these findings. While the functional role of these cells are not known, we contextualize our novel findings with that of other studies assessing or characterizing myeloid cells at the borders of the CNS (meninges and choroid plexus) and perivascular macrophages and propose their possible origin in the Dahl-SS/Jr model of chronic hypertension.
Psychological care for infertile couples undergoing assisted reproductive technology: a national study on the characteristics of counselling services.

INTRODUCTION Infertility has an impact on the psychophysical health of individuals and couples, and its treatment through an assisted reproductive technology (ART) is a very exacting experience. The aim of this study was to explore the characteristics of psychological counselling services in Italian ART centres through a specially designed questionnaire administered to the physicians in charge of the centres. METHODS The questionnaire online was sent to 306 ART authorized centres. It consisted of 26 questions. A total of 15 were single-selection questions, 5 were multiple-choice and the remaining 6 were open-ended. RESULTS 113 (37%) ART centres responded to the questionnaire. All the ART centres offered psychological counselling, but only in 47% of them the psychologist is a permanent staff member. In 69% of the centres, 10 to 20% of couples use the psychological counselling service. DISCUSSION Although the Italian Guidelines under Law 40/2004 stress the need to provide couples with psychological support and counselling and the literature highlights the efficacy of such interventions, the results of our study show that psychological counselling services are not yet fully operational in Italian ART centres or integrated into their day-to-day medical practice. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the results show that psychological services in Italian ART centres are not yet fully operational and integrated in the ART procedure. All of this highlights the importance of further investigations with the aim to shared information to use to establish common protocols for psychological interventions in ART centres.
A Universal Strategy of Intermolecular Exchange to Stabilize α‐FAPbI3 and Manage Crystal Orientation for High‐Performance Humid‐Air‐Processed Perovskite Solar Cells

Preparation of high‐performance perovskite solar cells without strict environmental control is an inevitable trend of commercialization. Humidity is considered the main factor hindering perovskite performance. Formamidine (FA)‐based perovskites suffer from the instability of photoactive black α‐FAPbI3, especially in humid air, and numerous defects in the surface and bulk of perovskite films limit their performance. In this work, long‐chain n‐heptylamine (nHA) is introduced via antisolvent engineering into an FA‐based perovskite film. nHA removes the negative intermediate adduct and promotes the formation of α‐FAPbI3 at room temperature in humid air via intermolecular exchange behavior. Moreover, the existence of nHA in the final perovskite film also reduces the defects and suppresses ion migration. The champion device delivers a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.7% (certificated 22.76%) with negligible hysteresis, and the fabricated devices exhibit superior reproductivity. The device stability is also enhanced, maintaining 95% of its initial PCE after 1500 h in ambient air. Moreover, the PCE has no attenuation at the maximum power point under continuous 1‐sun light soaking for 500 h. The universality of this method is also demonstrated by other perovskite compositions, including methylamine lead iodine (MAPbI3) and FAxMA1−xPbI3 in humid air.
Colon Cancer Grading Using Infrared Spectroscopic Imaging-Based Deep Learning

Tumor grade assessment is critical to the treatment of cancers. A pathologist typically evaluates grade by examining morphologic organization in tissue using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained tissue sections. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (FT-IR) imaging provides an alternate view of tissue in which spatially specific molecular information from unstained tissue can be utilized. Here, we examine the potential of IR imaging for grading colon cancer in biopsy samples. We used a 148-patient cohort to develop a deep learning classifier to estimate the tumor grade using IR absorption. We demonstrate that FT-IR imaging can be a viable tool to determine colorectal cancer grades, which we validated on an independent cohort of surgical resections. This work demonstrates that harnessing molecular information from FT-IR imaging and coupling it with morphometry is a potential path to develop clinically relevant grade prediction models. Graphical Abstract
Implementation and Analysis of an Improved Series-Loaded Resonant DC–DC Converter Operating Above Resonance for Battery Chargers

The well-established advantages of resonant converters, including simplicity of circuit configuration, ease of the control scheme, low switching losses, and low electromagnetic interference, among others, have led to their attracting more interest. This work develops a highly efficient battery charger with an improved series-loaded resonant converter for renewable energy applications to improve the performance of traditional switching-mode charger circuits. The switching frequency of the improved series-loaded resonant battery charger was at continuous conduction mode. Circuit operation modes are determined from the conduction profiles. Operating equations and operating theory are also developed. This study utilizes the fundamental wave approximation and a battery equivalent circuit to simplify the circuit analyses. The mean charging efficiency of the proposed topology is as high as 87.5%.
Longitudinal Vehicle Transaction Model: Assessment of Lead and Lagged Effects of Longer-Term Changes and Life-Cycle Events

This paper presents a dynamic vehicle transaction model developed with data from a retrospective survey conducted in Halifax, Canada. The study investigated four types of vehicle transaction decisions, including first-time vehicle purchase, vehicle acquisition, vehicle disposal, and vehicle trade. A panel-based latent segment logit (PLSL) model was developed to account for repeated transaction decisions and to capture unobserved heterogeneity among the sample households. The study took a life-oriented approach by examining the lead and lagged effects of longer-term changes and life-cycle events. The PLSL model was estimated for two latent segments, and the model results suggest that profound heterogeneity exists, as evident in parametric values of the two segments. The life-cycle event represented by the birth of a child might trigger vehicle acquisition in Segment 1. In contrast, that life-cycle event might deter an acquisition decision in Segment 2. The model confirmed historical deposition effects of key life events. For instance, a 2-year lagged effect on vehicle acquisition was seen with the birth of a child. Moreover, the model results revealed that first-time vehicle purchase behavior was considerably different from the decision to acquire a vehicle. For example, for the longer-term change represented by the addition of a job, significant heterogeneity across the two segments for a first-time vehicle purchase decision was seen and a 3-year lagged effect was confirmed. A positive relationship for the decision to acquire a vehicle in both segments was found for the same variable, and a 1-year lagged effect was confirmed. Finally, the study provided important behavioral insights for targeting specific groups of the population to promote sustainable travel behavior.
Self-assembly of nanocrystals into strongly electronically coupled all-inorganic supercrystals

Colloidal nanocrystals of metals, semiconductors, and other functional materials can self-assemble into long-range ordered crystalline and quasicrystalline phases, but insulating organic surface ligands prevent the development of collective electronic states in ordered nanocrystal assemblies. We reversibly self-assembled colloidal nanocrystals of gold, platinum, nickel, lead sulfide, and lead selenide with conductive inorganic ligands into supercrystals exhibiting optical and electronic properties consistent with strong electronic coupling between the constituent nanocrystals. The phase behavior of charge-stabilized nanocrystals can be rationalized and navigated with phase diagrams computed for particles interacting through short-range attractive potentials. By finely tuning interparticle interactions, the assembly was directed either through one-step nucleation or nonclassical two-step nucleation pathways. In the latter case, the nucleation was preceded by the formation of two metastable colloidal fluids. Description Conducting colloidal nanocrystals Organic capping ligands on nanocrystals can promote ordering of films and crystals but tend to block electronic conduction. Smaller inorganic ligands, such as diindium tetraselenide anions, promote conduction for semiconductors such as cadmium selenide but tend to form gels rather than crystals. Coropceanu et al. show that these inorganic anions can form electronically coupled crystals of nanocrystals of metals such as gold and nickel and semiconductors with high dielectric constants such as lead sulfide. In these cases, the multivalent anions bind in a dense but reversible manner to the nanocrystal surface and enable rearrangements that lead to the formation of crystals rather than amorphous gels. —PDS Strong electronic coupling occurs in ordered nanocrystal superlattices assembled through short-range attractive potentials.
Type A aortic dissection during in pregnancy: Confront without aversion or delay

Type A aortic dissection (TAAD) is a life‐threatening clinical emergency requiring timely surgical intervention. Concomitant with pregnancy at any stage, it adds an additional level of complexity which mandates careful planning for the management strategy that will yield the optimal outcomes. It is life‐threatening pathology to both the mother and fetus, with mortality rates of up to 30% and 50% reported, respectively. Safe imaging modalities that do not expose the fetus to radiation and contrast are recommended to reach an accurate diagnosis. In addition, meticulous multidisciplinary team planning is pivotal to ensure optimal outcomes are achieved through careful choice of surgical technique as well as strict control of medications. Although TAAD in pregnancy is associated with high mortality and morbidity to both the mother and her fetus, success in the treatment of this small subset of patients can certainly be achieved.
Recent developments in cGMP research: From mechanisms to medicines and back

cGMP particulate guanylyl cyclases (pGCs) homodimers guanylyl a mouse model pressure HF. key findings of as follows: (i) cGMP generated via the ANP-pGC pathway in coronary artery smooth muscle cells is subject to significant MK571-sensitive cGMP efflux; (ii) vasorelaxant responses to ANP are amplified by MK571; (iii) although MK571 alone did not alter blood pressure, hypotensive responses to ANP were significantly enhanced by this compound; and (iv) MK571 reversed multiple parameters of cardiac dysfunction in mice with pressure overload-induced HF. These beneficial effects of MK571 were associated with a reduced plasma cGMP concentration, which indicates a relevant contribution of cGMP efflux via MRPs to pathological changes in the intracellular and extracellular cGMP equilibrium. It will be exciting to see if pharmacological MRP inhibition can be established to enhance or optimize the benefits of cGMP-based therapies.
Circumstantial Insights into the Potential of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Plants as a Therapeutic Approach in Rheumatoid Arthritis.

The advanced era has invited a plethora of chronic and autoimmune infirmities unmistakably dominated by rheumatoid arthritis, occurring because of the equivocal causes, including ecological factors, genetic variations, etc. Unfortunately, it is winning pretty much in every stratum of the society in undefined age group of the population. Engineered drugs are accessible for the treatment; however, they do experience adverse effects as the treatment requires a prolonged duration worsened by noncompliance. To overwhelm it, certain pharmacological and molecular pathways are explored in the wake of Chinese herbs that prompted the prevention of this deteriorating autoimmune disease. The alcoholic extracts and decoctions are procured from Chinese herbs, such as Paeonia lactiflora, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Tripterygium wilfordii, etc., which have been proved to manifest constructive pharmacological actions. The activities that were exhibited by extracts are significantly innocuous, non- toxic and potent to fix the affliction in contrast with the chemosynthetic drugs. Therefore, these Chinese herbs bring forth the potent anti-inflammatory, immune suppressing, anti-nociceptive, anti-neovascularizing, free radical scavenging activities and various other benefits to withstand several pathological events that usually endure the infirmity. It can be abridged that Chinese herbs possess assorted and selective therapeutic properties with profound safety and viability to treat this rheumatic disorder. Thus, this review aims to shed a light naturally originated treatment that is pertinent to provide invulnerable therapy exonerating from adverse effects, by restraining the occurrences of joint deformities, production of auto-antibodies, and inflammation.
Patients with cam‐type femoroacetabular impingement demonstrate increased change in bone‐to‐bone distance during walking: A dual fluoroscopy study

Cam‐type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome is a painful, structural hip disorder. Herein, we investigated hip joint mechanics through in vivo, dynamic measurement of the bone‐to‐bone distance between the femoral head and acetabulum in patients with cam FAI syndrome and morphologically screened controls. We hypothesized that individuals with cam FAI syndrome would have larger changes in bone‐to‐bone distance compared to the control group, which we would interpret as altered joint mechanics as signified by greater movement of the femoral head as it articulates within the acetabulum. Seven patients with cam FAI syndrome and 11 asymptomatic individuals with typical morphology underwent dual fluoroscopy imaging during level and inclined walking (upward slope). The change in bone‐to‐bone distance between femoral and acetabular bone surfaces was evaluated for five anatomical regions of the acetabulum at each timepoint of gait. Linear regression analysis of the bone‐to‐bone distance considered two within‐subject factors (activity and region) and one between‐subjects factor (group). Across activities, the change in minimum bone‐to‐bone distance was 1.38–2.54 mm for the cam FAI group and 1.16–1.84 mm for controls. In all regions except the anterior–superior region, the change in bone‐to‐bone distance was larger in the cam group than the control group (p ≤ 0.024). An effect of activity was detected only in the posterior–superior region where larger changes were noted during level walking than incline walking. Statement of clinical significance: Patients with cam FAI syndrome exhibit altered hip joint mechanics during the low‐demand activity of walking; these alterations could affect load transmission, and contribute to pain, tissue damage, and osteoarthritis.
Time to return to full training and recurrence of rectus femoris injuries in elite track and field athletes 2010–2019; a 9‐year study using the British Athletics Muscle Injury Classification

Rectus femoris (RF) injuries are common in sports requiring maximal acceleration and sprinting. The British Athletics Muscle Injury Classification (BAMIC) describes acute muscle injury based on the anatomical site of injury and has been associated with return to play in hamstring and calf muscle injury. The aim of this study was to describe and compare the time to return to full training (TRFT) and injury recurrence for BAMIC‐classified RF injuries sustained by elite track and field (T&F) athletes over a 9‐year period. All rectus femoris injuries sustained by elite T&F athletes on the British Athletics World Class Program between September 2010 and September 2019 that were investigated with an MRI within 7 days of acute onset anterior thigh pain were included. Injuries were graded from the MRI by a specialist musculoskeletal radiologist using the BAMIC, and TRFT and injury recurrence were determined by evaluation of the Electronic Medical Record. Athlete demographics and World Athletics event discipline were recorded. Specific injury details including mechanism, location of injury, and whether surgical or rehabilitation management was undertaken were recorded. There were 38 RF injuries in 27 athletes (24.7 ± 2.3 years; 10 male, 17 female). Average TRFT for rehabilitation managed cases was 20.4 ± 14.8 days. Grade 1 injuries had significantly shorter TRFT compared with grades 2 (p = 0.04) and 3 (p = 0.01). Intratendinous (c) and surgically managed RF injuries each had significantly longer TRFT compared with other injury classes (p < 0.001). Myofascial (a) injuries had reduced repeat injury rates compared with b or c classes (p = 0.048). Grade 3 injuries had an increased repeat injury rate compared with other grades (p = 0.02). There were 4 complete (4c) proximal free tendon injuries sustained during sprinting and all in female athletes. The average TRFT for RF injuries in elite T&F is similar to that previously identified in elite football and Australian Rules. Similar to previous research in hamstring and calf injury, RF injuries extending into the tendon (BAMIC class c) had delayed TRFT which may reflect the longer duration required for tendon healing and adaptation. Grade 3 injuries had in increased repeat injury rate compared with grades 1 and 2. The BAMIC diagnostic framework may provide useful information for clinicians managing rectus femoris injuries in T&F.
Managing and training mustangs in the Bureau of Land Management wild horse and burro program.

The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) is responsible for managing approximately 49,000 wild horses and burros on 32 million acres in the western United States (U.S.). Approximately 48,000 are also held in off-range holding locations such as pastures, corrals, or training and adoption centers. The BLM provides care and humane treatment throughout the Program and offers excess trained and untrained animals for sale and adoption through the Adopt a Horse or Burro Program and partnerships with private and public organizations. Authors’ addresses: U.S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Division of WH&B, 20 M Street SE, Washington, DC 20003 (Guilfoyle, Warr, Ackley); and U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, 2150 Centre Ave., Bldg B MS2E6, Fort Collins, CO 80610 (Kane). © 2014 AAEP.