Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE UNUSUAL STELLAR MASS FUNCTION OF STABBURST CLUSTERS

I present a model to explain the mass segregation and shallow mass functions observed in the central parts of starburst stellar clusters. The model assumes that the initial pre-stellar cores mass function resulting from the turbulent fragmentation of the proto-cluster cloud is significantly altered by the cores coalescence before they collapse to form stars. With appropriate, yet realistic parameters, this model based on the competition between cores coalescence and collapse reproduces the mass spectra of the well studied Arches cluster. Namely, the slopes at the intermediate and high mass ends, as well as the peculiar bump observed at . This coalescence-collapse process occurs on a short timescale of the order of the free fall time of the proto-cluster cloud (i.e., a few years), suggesting that mass segregation in Arches and similar clusters is primordial. The best fitting model implies the total mass of the Arches cluster is , which is slightly higher than the often quoted, but completeness affected, observational value of a few . The model implies a star formation efficiency of percent which implies that the Arches cluster is likely to a gravitationally bound system.
Radiative Signatures and Plumes from Impact of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter

Three-dimensional numerical simulations of the impact of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter and the resulting vapor plume expansion were conducted using the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method. An icy body with a diameter of 2 km can penetrate to an altitude of -350 km (0 km = 1 bar) and most of the incident kinetic energy is transferred to the atmosphere between -100 km to -250 km. This energy is converted to potential energy of the resulting gas plume. The unconfined plume expands vertically and has a peak radiative power approximately equal to the total radiation from Jupiter's disc. The plume rises a few tens of atmospheric scale heights in ∼10² seconds. The rising plume reaches the altitude of ∼3000 km, but no atmospheric gas is accelerated to the escape velocity (∼60 km/s).
Radiation Driven Stellar Winds

Stellar winds are ubiquitous among massive stars. They play a crucial role in stellar evolution, and strongly affect observed spectra. While it is generally accepted that the winds are driven by radiation pressure, acting through bound‐bound transitions, many details remain unclear. Observational and theoretical evidence suggests that the winds are clumped, which greatly complicates the interpretation of spectra. More recently, the accuracy with which we can predict mass‐loss rates has been questioned. Some lines of evidence suggest that mass‐loss rates are lower than theoretical values by a factor of a few. More controversial is evidence that in some stars the mass‐loss rates are an order of magnitude, or more, lower than expected. In this review we briefly discuss our current understanding of the fundamental parameters of O stars. We discuss the many different line formation mechanisms that operate in stellar winds. We also summarize the wide variety of techniques that can be used to infer and constrain.
Bounds for value at risk for multiasset portfolios

The theory of copulas provides a useful tool for modeling dependence in risk management. In insurance and flnance, as well as in other applications, dependence of extreme events is particularly important, hence there is a need for the detailed study of the tail behaviour of the multivariate copulas. In this paper we investigate the class of copulas being the weighted means of copulas having homogeneous lower tails. We show that having only such information on the structure of dependence of returns from assets is enough to get estimates on value at risk of the multiasset portfolio in terms of value at risk of one-asset portfolios. PACS numbers: 89.65. Gh
An introduction to the theory of Newton polygons for L-functions of exponential sums

This expository paper is based on the author's series of lectures delivered at the January 1999 Mini-course in Number Theory, held at Sogang University (Seoul). The aim is to give an elementary and self-contained introduction to the theory of Newton polygons (namely, the $p$-adic Riemann hypothesis) for L-functions of exponential sums over a finite field. The main idea of our approach is to establish a suitable local to global principal which would allowus to reduce the harder ``global'' case to various easier well understood "local" cases for which Stickelberger's theorem applies. For this purpose, a systematic decomposition method was introduced in our earlier paper and several decomposition theorems were proved, including the facial decomposition theorem, the star decomposition theorem and the hyperplane decomposition theorem. These theorems easily recover previously known results on Newton polygons of exponential sums. They are also enough for a number of further applications such as Mazur's conjecture for a generic hypersurface and a weaker form of the more general Adolphson-Sperber conjecture for a generic exponential sum. Using our earlier method, we have recently found a more flexible collapsing decomposition theorem. This theorem gives a fairly satisfactory answer to the full form of the Adolphson-Sperber conjecture. In particular, as an application, we now know that the full form of the Adolphson-Sperber conjecture is true in every low dimension $n\leq 3$ but false in every high dimension $n\geq 4$. These results are explained in these notes.
MAOA uVNTR Genetic Variant and Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent multifactorial psychopathology affected by neurotransmitter levels. Monoamine Oxidase A (MAOA) influences several neural pathways by modulating these levels. This systematic review (per PRISMA protocol and PECOS strategy) endeavors to understand the MAOA uVNTR polymorphism influence on MDD and evaluate its 3R/3R and 3R* genotypic frequencies fluctuation in MDD patients from different populations. We searched the Web of Science, PubMed, Virtual Health Library, and EMBASE databases for eligible original articles that brought data on genotypic frequencies related to the MAOA uVNTR variant in patients with MDD. We excluded studies with incomplete data (including statistical data), reviews, meta-analyses, and abstracts. Initially, we found 43 articles. After removing duplicates and applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria, seven articles remained. The population samples studied were predominantly Asians, with high 3R and 4R allele frequencies. Notably, we observed higher 3R/3R (female) and 3R* (male) genotype frequencies in the healthy control groups and higher 4R/4R (female) and 4R* (male) genotype frequencies in the MDD groups in the majority of different populations. Despite some similarities in the articles analyzed, there is still no consensus on the MAOA uVNTR variant’s role in MDD pathogenesis.
Comparative analysis of the effectiveness of using fine-grained and nested parallelism to increase the speedup of parallel computing in multicore computer systems

The article presents a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of using parallelism of varying granularity degrees in modern multicore computer systems using the most popular programming languages and libraries (such as C#, Java, C++, and OpenMP). Based on the performed comparison, the possibilities of increasing the efficiency of computations in multicore computer systems by using combinations of medium- and fine-grained parallelism were also investigated. The results demonstrate the high potential efficiency of fine-grained parallelism when organizing intensive parallel computations. Based on these results, it can be argued that, in comparison with more traditional parallelization methods that use medium-grain parallelism, the use of separately fine-grained parallelism can reduce the computation time of a large mathematical problem by an average of 4%. The use of combined parallelism can reduce the computation time of such a problem to 5,5%. This reduction in execution time can be significant when performing very large computations.
Using ANFIS, PSO, FCN in Cooperation with Fuzzy Controller for MPPT of Photovoltaic Arrays

In this paper, an on-line method for maximum power point tracker using fuzzy set theory is presented to improve energy conversion efficiency. This method is proposed, by using a fuzzy cognitive network, which is in close cooperation with the presented fuzzy controller. The proposed approach is based on the combination of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Adaptive-Network- based Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS) methods, and it is used for the determination of proper weight matrices that lead the Fuzzy Cognitive Map to desired steady states. The method gives a good maximum power operation of any PV. The advantage of the presented method is that the control system can adapt to different changes that might happen during the life cycle of the PV module. All the analytical and simulation results of this research are presented.
Post-fire effects on bryophytes in High-Altitude Fields

High-Altitude Fields are ecosystems with high bryophyte abundances and diversities. One of the principal threats to these ecosystems are wildfires, which mainly affect terricolous species. Chronosequence studies can aid in understanding post-fire effects on bryophytes. We studied terricolous assemblages of bryophytes in the High-Altitude Fields of Itatiaia National Park (INP) by establishing three 20x1 m transects in five areas: three areas of a post-fire chronosequence (treatments 2017, 2007, and 2001) and two control areas. We analyzed the species richness, floristic composition, life-forms, and floristic similarities of those transects, identifying 27 species of mosses (18 genera; 11 families) and 26 species of liverworts (20 genera; 16 families). Ditrichaceae was the principal moss family and Cephaloziellaceae the principal liverwort family. The life-forms encountered were turf (43 %), weft (38 %), thalloid (10 %), and mat (9 %). Turf predominated among mosses (85 %), and weft among liverworts (62 %). Species richness and floristic compositions varied among the post-fire gradients. The grouping dendrogram and ordination diagram evidenced greater similarity among transects within the same area. However, there was no evident gradient of floristic composition along the post-fire gradient, and further studies will be needed to quantify environmental gradients and their influences on bryophyte composition
A rigid Calabi--Yau 3-fold

The aim of this paper is to analyze some geometric properties of the rigid Calabi--Yau threefold $\mathcal{Z}$ obtained by a quotient of $E^3$, where $E$ is a specific elliptic curve. We describe the cohomology of $\mathcal{Z}$ and give a simple formula for the trilinear form on $Pic(\mathcal{Z})$. We describe some projective models of $\mathcal{Z}$ and relate these to its generalized mirror. A smoothing of a singular model is a Calabi--Yau threefold with small Hodge numbers which was not known before.
Cryptanalysis and Improvement of Quantum Private Comparison Protocol Based on Bell Entangled States

Recently, Liu et al. [Commun. Theor. Phys. 57 (2012) 583] proposed a quantum private comparison protocol based on entanglement swapping of Bell states, which aims to securely compare the equality of two participants' information with the help of a semi-honest third party (TP). However, the present study points out there is a fatal loophole in Liu et al.'s protocol, and TP can make Bell-basis measurement to know all the participants' secret inputs without being detected. To fix the problem, a simple solution, which uses one-time eavesdropper checking with decoy photons instead of twice eavesdropper checking with Bell states, is demonstrated. Compared with the original protocol, it not only reduces the Bell states consumption but also simplifies the protocol steps.
Water vapour radiometers for the Australia telescope compact array

We have developed Water Vapour Radiometers (WVRs) for the Australia Telescope Compact Array that are capable of determining excess path fluctuations by virtue of measuring small temperature fluctuations in the atmosphere using the 22.3 GHz water vapour line for each of the six antennae. By measuring the line of sight variations of the water vapour, the induced path excess and thus the phase delay can be estimated and corrections can then be applied during data reduction. This reduces decorrelation of the source signal. In this presentation, we discuss the design of the WVRs, an uncooled quadruple filter radiometer capable of detecting water line temperature fluctuations to a sensitivity of 12 mK. The design process of the WVRs is discussed with an emphasis on the modelled sensitivity requirements, filter placement, radio frequency interference mitigation and we conclude by demonstrating how this water vapour radiometry system recovers the telescope's efficiency and image quality as well as how this improves the telescope's ability to use longer baselines at higher frequencies, thereby resulting in higher spatial resolution. We discuss a quadruple filter, uncooled 22.2 GHz Water Vapour Radiometer (WVR) system developed for the six antennae of the Australia Telescope Compact Array. The design process of the WVRs is discussed with an emphasis on the modelled sensitivity requirements, filter placement, radio frequency interference mitigation and we conclude by demonstrating how this system recovers the telescope's efficiency and image quality as well as how this improves the telescope's ability to use longer baselines at higher frequencies, thereby resulting in higher spatial resolution.
Logarithmic Sobolev inequality for some models of random walks

We determine the logarithmic Sobolev constant for the Bernoulli-Laplace model and the time to stationarity for the symmetric simple exclusion model up to the leading order. Our method for proving the logarithmic Sobolev inequality is based on a martingale approach and is applied to the random transposition model as well. The proof for the time to stationarity is based on a general observation relating the time to stationarity to the hydrodynamical limit.
CMD-Net: Self-Supervised Category-Level 3D Shape Denoising through Canonicalization

Point clouds provide a compact representation of 3D shapes however, the imperfections in acquisition processes corrupt point clouds by noise and give rise to a decrease in their power for representing 3D shapes. Learning-based denoising methods operate displacement prediction and suffer from shrinkage and outliers. In addition, they require pre-aligned datasets. In this paper, we present a self-supervised learning-based method, Canonical Mapping and Denoising Network (CMD-Net), and address category-level 3D shape denoising through canonicalization. We formulate denoising as a 3D semantic shape correspondence estimation task where we explore ordered 3D intrinsic structure points. Utilizing the convex hull of the explored structure points, the corruption on objects’ surfaces is eliminated. Our method is capable of canonicalizing noise-corrupted clouds under arbitrary rotations, therefore circumventing the requirement on pre-aligned data. The complete model learns to canonicalize the input through a novel transformer that serves as a proxy in the downstream denoising task. The analyses on the experiments validate the promising performance of the presented method on both synthetic and real data. We show that our method can not only eliminate corruption, but also remove clutter from the test data. We additionally create a novel dataset for the problem in hand and will make it publicly available in our project web-page.
Combinatorics of embeddings

We offer the following explanation of the statement of the Kuratowski graph planarity criterion and of 6/7 of the statement of the Robertson-Seymour-Thomas intrinsic linking criterion. Let us call a cell complex 'dichotomial' if to every cell there corresponds a unique cell with the complementary set of vertices. Then every dichotomial cell complex is PL homeomorphic to a sphere; there exist precisely two 3-dimensional dichotomial cell complexes, and their 1-skeleta are K_5 and K_{3,3}; and precisely six 4-dimensional ones, and their 1-skeleta all but one graphs of the Petersen family. In higher dimensions n>2, we observe that in order to characterize those compact n-polyhedra that embed in S^{2n} in terms of finitely many "prohibited minors", it suffices to establish finiteness of the list of all (n-1)-connected n-dimensional finite cell complexes that do not embed in S^{2n} yet all their proper subcomplexes and proper cell-like combinatorial quotients embed there. Our main result is that this list contains the n-skeleta of (2n+1)-dimensional dichotomial cell complexes. The 2-skeleta of 5-dimensional dichotomial cell complexes include (apart from the three joins of the i-skeleta of (2i+2)-simplices) at least ten non-simplicial complexes.
Production and distribution of 26Al in the galaxy: The role of massive stars

The various sources of production of 26Al in the Galaxy are discussed, in the light of recent observational and theoretical data. It is found that with current stellar and nucleosynthesis models, all the candidate sources still fall short (by factors of ≳5) from producing the 3 M⊙/106 y required by the observations. The corresponding flux distribution in the galactic plane is also discussed; contrary to previous claims, it is argued that this signature cannot easily help to discriminate between the various candidate sources. Possibilities of unambiguous identification of massive stars are discussed, and relevant flux profiles taking into account the spiral structure of the Galaxy are presented.
A novel voltage balancing control method for flying capacitor multilevel converters

The voltage unbalancing issue remains a challenge for the multilevel flying capacitor (FC) converter. It becomes more prominent when the number of levels of the converter is higher than three which needs to be addressed. The phase-shifted sinusoidal PWM (PS-SPWM) method has a certain degree of self-balancing characteristic in the ideal symmetrical circuit. However, the use of only the said method is not sufficient to deal with the problem and a closed-loop control is required to realize the voltage balancing control task. The paper proposes a closed-loop control method based on the PS-SPWM strategy and a novel algorithm for the stated problem. The algorithm takes advantage of switching redundancies in order to adjust the switching time of selected switching states to maintain the capacitor voltages balanced without adversely affecting the system's performance. Description and analysis of the method along with simulation results are presented to confirm its feasibility.
A Multi-Layered Edge-Secured Cloud Framework for Healthcare Monitoring in Old-Age Homes Using Smart Systems Driven by Comprehensive User Interaction

Most chronic diseases and health disorders at early stages are either asymptomatic or have long latency periods, especially among the older age groups. This eventually becomes difficult to handle at later stages and in some cases even becomes the cause of death. Even though cloud-based smart systems have delivered promising results in the field of healthcare monitoring, due to high latency, network congestion, poor user control, etc. smart systems fail to meet the required needs. Especially in old-age homes, where 24/7 service is required, healthcare facilities need robust, prompt, and real-time smart systems. This paper proposes a multi-layered cloud-edge architecture for old-age homes that operates on smart systems to detect anomalies, predict future risks, and process data across the doctor, patient, and the cloud in real-time. The device operates mostly on the edge layers to process patient information using neural networks and send alerts to the end-user based on predictions and anomalies before sending the aggregated data to the cloud. The proposed framework includes smart devices which are facilitated with responsive user interfaces which keep the patients and doctors in complete control of the smart system while maintaining efficient data communication and security. This paper also compares the latency delay between IoT devices and cloud, also between IoT devices and edge devices.
THE PROGENITOR OF THE TYPE Ia SUPERNOVA THAT CREATED SNR 0519-69.0 IN THE LARGE MAGELLANIC CLOUD

Models for the progenitor systems of Type Ia supernovae can be divided into double-degenerate systems, which contain two white dwarfs, and single-degenerate systems, which contain one white dwarf plus one companion star (either a red giant, a subgiant, or a >1.16 M☉ main-sequence star). The white dwarf is destroyed in the supernova explosion, but any non-degenerate companion remains intact. We present the results of a search for an ex-companion star in SNR 0519-69.0, located in the Large Magellanic Cloud, based on images taken with the Hubble Space Telescope with a limiting magnitude of V = 26.05. SNR 0519-69.0 is confidently known to be from a Type Ia supernova based on its light echoes and X-ray spectra. The geometric center of the remnant (based on the Hα and X-ray shell) is at 05:19:34.83, −69:02:06.92 (J2000). Accounting for the measurement uncertainties, the orbital velocity, and the kick velocity, any ex-companion star must be within 4. ″7 of this position at the 99.73% confidence level. This circle contains 27 main-sequence stars brighter than V = 22.7, any one of which could be the ex-companion star left over from a supersoft source progenitor system. The circle contains no post-main-sequence stars, and this rules out the possibility of all other published single-degenerate progenitor classes (including symbiotic stars, recurrent novae, helium donors, and the spin-up/spin-down models) for this particular supernova. The only remaining possibility is that SNR 0519-69.0 was formed from either a supersoft source or a double-degenerate progenitor system.
Genetic improvement of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) genotypes selected for resistance to chocolate spot disease

Inter-varietal hybridization is a powerful tool for genetic improvement and production of new genotypes for a trait of interest. Four parents of faba beans (Vicia faba L.) were hybridized using agromorphological and molecular characterization to obtain genotypes resistant to the chocolate spot disease. The study was done at the Nubaria Research Station, Giza, Egypt. Eight traits including resistance to chocolate spot, days to flowering, plant height (cm), number of branches/plant, number of pods/plant, number of seeds/plant, 100-seed weight (g), and seed yield/plant were estimated during the three growth seasons of 2016/2017, 2017/2018, and 2018/2019. Genetic parameters revealed by RAPD and ISSR markers assessed the genetic variation of genotypes with their generations. Crosses 1 (P1 “Nubaria-1” x P2 “Sakha-1”), 2 (P1 “Nubaria-1” x P3 “T.W”), and 3 (P1 “Nubaria-1” x P4 “Camolina”) revealed high resistance to disease with high yield. Markers patterned specific loci of resistant parents at a length of 360, 470, 450, 660, and 140 bp in RAPD and 1100, 810, 650, 700, 480 bp in ISSR. Inter-varietal hybridization between the resistant and susceptible genotypes is considered one of the most promising methods to obtain germplasm with resistance and high yield.