Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Rise of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and its Effect on Manned Tactical Aviation

Abstract : Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are not new concepts. Their history dates back to the Civil War with hot air balloons and has evolved into a crucial combat tool for commanders in the modern battlespace. The increased demand for unmanned systems has placed a corresponding strain on manned tactical aviation and the airspace control system. This paper seeks to answer the questions surrounding the growth in the number of UAVs and their effects on the current structures in place. Current UAVs have a wide range of capabilities from the large Global Hawk high-altitude system to the hand-launched Raven. The US Army's transformation to a modular concept has increased the number of UAVs to approximately 300 per division. This increase has the potential to saturate the airspace command and control systems causing delays in the application of aerial delivered fires and identifying hostile UAVs. The analysis highlights the critical points and concludes the current airspace structure can support the growth in the number of UAVs but with time delays caused by the amount of coordination required. The ability to defend against threat UAVs will remain doubtful until all blue UAVs can either be tracked or respond to air defense interrogations.
Sequence-Modification in Copoly(ester-Imide)s: A Catalytic/supramolecular Approach to Writing/reading Copolymer Sequence-Information

Catalytic ester-interchange reactions, analogous to mutation and recombination, allow new sequence-information to be written, statistically, into NDI-based poly(ester-imide) chains. Thus, insertion of the cyclic ester cyclopentadecanolide ("exaltolide") into an NDI-based homopolymer, and quantitative sequence-exchange between two different homopoly(ester-imide)s, are catalysed by di-n-butyl tin(IV) oxide. Emerging sequences are identified at the triplet and quintet levels by 1H NMR analysis, using supramolecular complexation of pyrene-d10 at the NDI residues to amplify the separation of resonances associated with different sequences. In such systems, pyrene is able to act as a "reader-molecule" by generating different levels of ring-current shielding from the different patterns of supramolecular binding to all the NDI-centred sequences of a given length.
Problems and prospects in the validation of dynamic models

Validation is a very important part of the model development process but receives little attention in much published material relating to simulation and modelling applications. This paper provides a review of the validation process and discusses practical difficulties which can arise in the application of validation techniques. Recommendations are given concerning procedures to be followed for effective validation and suggestions are made concerning new software tools.
Changing higher education:the development of learning and teaching

Making sense of the many changes that have taken place in learning and teaching in higher education in recent years, Changing Higher Education also offers insights into how higher education might develop in the future. Using the work of Lewis Elton as a starting point, leading researchers and practitioners in the field examine and reflect on different aspects of the changing nature of higher eduction. These experts: * outline changes in higher education and ways of thinking about teaching and learning over the last thirty years. * analyse the development of students’ learning * examine the development of learning technologies in higher education * consider the development of the accreditation and scholarship of teaching in higher education * develop a framework through which to understand and question the future development of learning and teaching in higher education. Aimed at staff and educational developers, and those studying postgraduate qualifications in learning and teaching in higher education, this is an insightful framework through which to understand and question on-going developments in higher education.
The proficiency and global application of sustainability in technology, business management and realms of knowledge

This paper seeks to unfold the universal use of sustainability in respective disciplines, corporate and disperse multi-dimensional care of resources and assets for present and future endeavors. Sustainability is the ability to endure the lasting upkeep of these assets and resources, which has ecological, profitable, and social magnitudes. Sustainability designates how biotic organisms remain broad and prolific over time, a necessary criterion for the well-being of humans and other creatures. Long-lived and healthy wetlands and forests signify sustainable biological systems. Feasible ecosystems and environments afford vibrant resources and developments.The paper revealed that sustainability has deeply penetrated all segments and circuits of developments in both corporate and environmental machineries. None of the spelt out engagements will forge ahead without sustainability. Hence, sustainability is the spine of both present and future needs for the global lasting up keep as it maintains and improves quality of life support systems/subsystems, decent environmental qualities.
Comparative Study of the Effects of Lactoferrin versus Oral Iron Therapy in Obese Children and Adolescents with Iron Deficiency Anemia

Greater prevalence of iron deficiency (ID) has been observed in overweight and obese children and adolescents. Hepcidin acts as a key regulator of iron metabolism. Hepcidin synthesis increases in response inflammatory cytokines especially Interleukin-6 (IL-6). Considering that obesity represents a low grade chronic inflammatory state, a high concentration of hepcidin has been found in obese children. Elevated hepcidin level in obese children is associated with diminished response to oral iron therapy. Lactoferrin is an iron-binding multifunctional glycoprotein and has strong capacity to modulate the inflammatory response by its capacity to reduce pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in vivo, including IL-6 and hepcidin. Aim of the Work: To compare the efficacy of lactoferrin versus oral iron therapy in treatment of obese children and adolescents with iron deficiency anemia and the effect of therapy on serum hepcidin and interleukin 6 levels. Methodology: This prospective randomized clinical trial was conducted on 40 obese children and adolescents aged between 6 –18 years suffering from iron deficiency anemia (IDA). They were equally randomized into one of 2 groups. Group A received regular oral lactoferrin in a dose of 100 mg/day. Group B received regular oral iron supplementation (Ferric hydroxide polymaltose) in a dose of 6 mg elemental iron/kg /day.Baseline investigations included complete blood count (CBC), iron profile (Serum ferritin, serum iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), transferrin saturation), serum Interleukin 6, and serum hepcidin. Reevaluation of CBC was done monthly while iron status parameters, serum IL-6 and serum hepcidin were reevaluated after 3 months of receiving regular therapy. Results: Significant elevations in hemoglobin, MCV, MCH, Serum ferritin, serum iron and transferrin saturation with lactoferrin therapy compared to oral iron therapy. Significantly Lower TIBC after 3 months of lactoferrin therapy while the decrease in TIBC was insignificant in the iron therapy group.Lower serum hepcidin and IL6 after 3 months of lactoferrin therapy with no significant change in serum hepcidin and IL6 after iron therapy. Conclusion: This study clearly demonstrated the superiority of lactoferrin over iron use as oral in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in obese children not only for the better response of hematological and iron status parameters and less gastrointestinal side effects but also for its effect on decreasing inflammatory biomarkers as hepcidin and IL6.
Advanced OFDM systems for terrestrial multimedia links

Recently, there has been considerable discussion about new wireless technologies and standards able to achieve high data rates. Due to the recent advances of digital signal processing and Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) technologies, the initial obstacles encountered for the implementation of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulation schemes, such as massive complex multiplications and high speed memory accesses, do not exist anymore. OFDM offers strong multipath protection due to the insertion of the guard interval; in particular, the OFDM-based DVB-T standard had proved to offer excellent performance for the broadcasting of multimedia streams with bitrates over ten megabits per second in difficult terrestrial propagation channels, for fixed and portable applications. Nevertheless, for mobile scenarios, improving the receiver design is not enough to achieve error-free transmission especially in presence of deep shadow and multipath fading and some modifications of the standard can be envisaged. To address long and medium range applications like live mobile wireless television production, some further modifications are required to adapt the modulated bandwidth and fully exploit channels up to 24MHz wide. For these reasons, an extended OFDM system is proposed that offers variable bandwidth, improved protection to shadow and multipath fading and enhanced robustness thanks to the insertion of deep time-interleaving coupled with a powerful turbo codes concatenated error correction scheme. The system parameters and the receiver architecture have been described in C++ and verified with extensive simulations. In particular, the study of the receiver algorithms was aimed to achieve the optimal tradeoff between performances and complexity. Moreover, the modulation/demodulation chain has been implemented in VHDL and a prototype system has been manufactured. Ongoing field trials are demonstrating the ability of the proposed system to successfully overcome the impairments due to mobile terrestrial channels, like multipath and shadow fading. For short range applications, Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM) is an efficient way to share the radio resource between multiple terminals. The main modulation parameters for a TDM system are discussed and it is shown that the 802.16a TDM OFDM physical layer fulfills the application requirements; some practical examples are given. A pre-distortion method is proposed that exploit the reciprocity of the radio channel to perform a partial channel inversion achieving improved performances with no modifications of existing receivers.
Virtual Reconstruction of Medieval Architecture

We describe the reconstruction of a medieval building as an example of how the use of 3D computer graphics can facilitate the reconstruction of an ancient site. We suggest that different stages of a virtual reconstruction imply the use of different rendering techniques, as the style of visualization has a significant impact on both the reconstruction process and the presentation to non-expert viewers.
Energy-based Evaluation of Stability Improvement by SVC with New Second-kick Design

The main purpose is to evaluate the effectiveness of SVC installation from the viewpoint of an energy-based index. Although transient and voltage stability-due to distinct mechanisms and separate time frames-have been perceived as decoupled phenomena by some researchers, in this work they are treated as aspects of coupled power system dynamics. The time-domain simulation uses detailed models for system components and controllers including SVC. Based on the trajectories obtained, an energy value can be calculated for every point in time. The energy function formulation is developed using injection models. The measure of stability used is the energy margin. This is computed based on the well-known second-kick method. A new second-kick design better suited for exploring voltage instability mechanisms is proposed, which consists of a combination of load step and fault. The better timing of applying a second-kick disturbance is also studied. Results are shown for a standard IEEJ test system. Energy margins and unstable equilibrium point approximations are calculated for the conventional and new second-kick designs. It is seen that the energy margin is dependent on the nature of the disturbance. SVC's are expected to improve stability by providing fast reactive power support at key load buses. Improved energy margins are observed when these devices are available.
ASSESSMENT OF THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF PRODUCED WATER FROM SARIR OIL FIELD IN SIRT BASIN, LIBYA

Production of oil and gas is accompanied with large volumes of produced water. Produced water is separated from the oil and gas and either re injected into the reservoir or discharged to the environment. Therefore, evaluation of produced water characteristics is very important and essential for both environmental and reservoir management. Produced water is a very complex mixture and contains different compounds that can have negative impact on the environment and economic problems associated with oil and gas production. This study has evaluated the characterization properties of produced water in Sarir oil field. The evaluation included the analysis of physio-chemical parameters e.g. pH, salinity, total dissolved solids (TDS), cations and anions constituents. These parameters show a wide variation from well to another. Keyword: Physico-chemical properties; produced water; Sarir oil well; Sirit;
Intermittent connection effect in the Message Ferry Delay Tolerant Network

Delay Tolerant Networks (DTN) give a base of communication that permits the delivery of data within harsh environments or even between networks without interconnection. The connection between networks happens when some nodes cross between them and carry information. Our model consists of the Message Ferry Mobility Model (MFMM) where all nodes in the network are confined to their village except one mobile node (the message ferry). In order to reduce the energy consumption the wireless interface is not always on. We aim to study how much does the on/off state of the wireless interface reduces the total connection time available in the MFMM. To answer this question, we created a simulator that uses the MFMM. The simulator generated mobility traces of all nodes and measured the contact time under different patterns of the on/off cycle. As expected the contact time are longer when the interface is active more often. However we found an unanticipated reduction in contact time vs active wireless interface ratio. Hence, we concluded that in the MFMM, the on/off duty-cycle of the wireless interface influences the total contact times.
Electroplating wastewater polishing in constructed wetland systems

This thesis presents various aspects of polishing the electroplating wastewater in constructed wetlands: analysis of the performance, study on the operation and configuration effects, effects of various carbon sources, analysis of the substrate (bed media), analysis of plants, and design issues.The goals of the experiment were to: (i) study the feasibility of polishing electroplating effluent, (ii) study the effect of operating schemes, plants, bed media and wastewater strength, (iii) to elucidate metal removal mechanisms in the CW microcosms.This study furnished new information and expanded the existing knowledge on industrial wastewater treatment in constructed wetlands. In fact, this is, to the best knowledge, the first publication studying the removal of metals and cyanide from electroplating wastewater in subsurface flow constructed wetlands. The aim of this study was to study the polishing of the electroplating wastewater pretreated using physical-chemical methods.
Riding in comfort : Part I

attention turned to comfort-cooling systems for mobile applications. In 1930, C&C Kelvinator outfitted a customized Cadillac owned by John Hamman Jr. of Houston, Texas with a 0.5 hp (0.37 kW) Kelvinator refrigeration unit powered by a 1.5 hp (1.1 kW) gasoline engine. Two flues on either side of the front seat took the air down to a fan, which circulated cool air throughout the passenger compartment. As seen in Figure 1, the unit looked like a trunk and fitted compactly on the back of the car.2 The development of the automotive air conditioner began in earnest in 1930 when General Motors Research Laboratories conceived the idea of the vapor compression system with R-12 refrigerant. On Sept. 23, 1932 a proposal was made to General Motors management to develop such a system. The Cadillac Division evinced interest in the proposal. However, it was not until the summer of 1933 that work started. The cooling capacity of the automotive air-conditioning system was determined to be 1 ton i.e., 200 Btu per minute. This estimate was half of the cooling capacity of the present system. There were two reasons for the lower estimate. First, the tests t the turn of the century, the only way to provide comfort cooling in an automobile was by ventilation. In the earlier days of motoring with open-body automobiles, no special provisions were required. This changed in 1908 with the gradual introduction of the closed-body automobiles. The only way to keep cool in a closed-body automobile prior to 1940 was to raise an adjustable windshield that opened vertically or to remove the side curtains. The opening of the windshield was restricted to about 0.5 in. (13 mm) so that the passenger compartment was sufficiently pressurized while minimizing infiltration of the hot air from the engine. Subsequently, windows could be cranked up and down for the desired airflow. Also, vents under the dashboard facilitated air circulation. Convertible tops permitted airflow upon being lowered. These ventilation systems were rudimentary, as they did not filter dirt, dust, pollen or insects from the air. Thus, the quality of the air circulating through the passenger compartment was poor. Beginning in 1940, there was a gradual acceptance of fresh air heaters. With this advance came an improved method of summer ventilation that was provided by cowl ventilator. Later, the car heater blower was used to increase ventilator airflow since the air inlet for the heater was located in the ventilation duct.
A Comprehensive Thermal Management System Model for Hybrid Electric Vehicles.

Figure 18. Staggered grid system for FDM and design parameters of CHE core. Figure 50. Temperature histories of the electric powertrain components over urban + cross country driving cycle. Figure 60. Temperature histories of electric components in three architectures over the urban + cross country driving cycle: (a) generator, (b) drive motor, and xi Nomenclature A : area a, b, c : pressure drop coefficient Cp : specific heat C : fluid heat capacity rate C f : friction coefficient Cr : the ratio of minimum to maximum fluid heat capacity rate (C min /C max) d : diameter f : friction factor G s : solar irradiation H : height h : convective heat transfer coefficient I : electric current k : thermal conductivity K loss : loss coefficient L : length m & : mass flow rate N : rotational speed NTU : number of transfer units xii P : pressure p : pitch q : heat transfer rate Q : heat generation rate R : electrical resistance Re : Reynolds number T : temperature t : thickness T/S : thermostat U : overall heat transfer coefficient
On the Role of Cooperation in Interference Channels for Physical Layer Secrecy

Increasing demand in securing (wireless) networks has recently resulted in tremendous amount ofresearch eﬀorts in physical layer security. Among many other open problems, we concentrated thefollowing ones. •Fundamental limits of secure transmission rates in multi-user networks•The role of cooperation in multi-user networks to facilitate secret transmissionsIn this manner, we studied one of the fundamental building blocks of multi-user networks, i.e., in-terference channels, with security constraints. The existence of an external eavesdropper in a two-userinterference channel is assumed, where the network users would like to secure their messages from theexternal eavesdropper.
The Effectiveness of Project Based Learning Ecosystems Dioramas with Jelajah Alam Sekitar Approach against Students’ Critical Thinking Ability and Creativity

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of Project Based Learning ecosystems dioramas with Jelajah Alam Sekitar approach against students’ critical thinking ability and creativity, and to analyze the relationship between critical thinking ability and students' creativity in Project Based Learning ecosystems dioramas with Jelajah Alam Sekitar approach. This research method is pre-experimental design with pre-test and post-test one group design. The results showed that Project Based Learning ecosystems dioramas with Jelajah Alam Sekitar approach was effective against students' critical thinking ability and creativity. The average of critical thinking ability in post-test is 84.96 and average of creativity in post-test is 84.50. The completeness of classical learning shows "High" criteria, the classical completeness rate in post-test of critical thinking and creativity is same (89.21%). The results of the N-gain mean on the test scores of critical thinking ability and creativity are in the "High" criteria. N-gain of critical thinking ability shows "High" category (66.66%) and N-gain creativity shows "High" category (79.42%). The results of the analysis of the two average difference test (one right side) on the critical thinking ability test has t table of 1.97 < t count of 20.89. The creativity test has t table of 1.97 < t count of 31.80, so it shows a significant difference between the achievements at the pre-test and post-test. Based on these results it can be concluded that the Project Based Learning ecosystems dioramas with Jelajah Alam Sekitar approach are effective against students' critical thinking ability and creativity. The relationship between critical thinking ability and creativity shows the relation of 0.38, has a "Low" criteria, so it can be concluded that the relationship between critical thinking ability and student creativity in Project Based Learning ecosystems dioramas with Jelajah Alam Sekitar approach is low.
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Large Scale Wind and Solar Integration in Germany

This report provides key information concerning the German experience with integrating of 25 gigawatts of wind and 7 gigawatts of solar power capacity and mitigating its impacts on the electric power system. The report has been prepared based on information provided by the Amprion GmbH and 50Hertz Transmission GmbH managers and engineers to the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory representatives during their visit to Germany in October 2009. The trip and this report have been sponsored by the BPA Technology Innovation office. Learning from the German experience could help the Bonneville Power Administration engineers to compare and evaluate potential new solutions for managing higher penetrations of wind energy resources in their control area. A broader dissemination of this experience will benefit wind and solar resource integration efforts in the United States.