Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of pectin and xanthan gum on induced-flocculation phenomenon in an acidic model emulsion system

Abstract Mayonnaise is one of the most well-known dressings in the world and has properly found its impossibility to apply thermal processing, the high level of cholesterol and some consumers’ allergy to egg. In this study, the production of egg- free mayonnaise in model system has been investigated with the emphasis on flocculation enhancement in the system. Flocculation of emulsion droplets can have beneficial or harmful effect on food quality depending on product nature. In this study, influence of flocculation inducing on the stability, microscopic structure, zeta potential, droplet size and rheological properties of egg-free mayonnaise system were evaluated. Xanthan (XG), pectin (PE) and modified starch (MS) biopolymers mixed at different concentrations were used as flocculation inducer in emulsion system. XG-MS and PE-MS mixed polymers created depletion flocculation and reduced the speed of the oil droplets movement in the product and thus increased emulsion stability. In addition, an increase of all gum concentration caused an increment in the stability, consistency coefficient and heat stability values. Depending on the desirable level of xanthan gum and pectin gum for creating depletion flocculation, production of egg-free mayonnaise with properties closely matching those of commercial ones with egg is possible. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
The Evolution of Knowledge Sharing Community Development: A Chinese Social Practice Perspective

ABSTRACT Common difficulties faced by Chinese tourism firms are the industry’s high turnover rate and the strong influence of Chinese culture. To maintain their knowledge capital, firms are using knowledge-management systems to encourage knowledge-sharing behavior from employees. This is a conceptual paper which proposes a conceptual framework of knowledge sharing by identifying four key factors, organizational culture, leadership, material support from the organization, and individual competence, based on previous studies of knowledge creation (e.g., socialization, combination, internalization, and externalization). This knowledge-sharing framework will help tourism firms to develop a knowledge-sharing community through the establishment of a knowledge-management system. We provided a detailed discussion for the evolution of knowledge-sharing framework, and future directions are also suggested for tourism and hospitality research in knowledge sharing community development.
E-learning for smart-universities: pandemic challenges and opportunities in Morocco

Both ICT and internet have become a vital part of citizens’ daily lives. In fact, many aspects of cities, including culture, economy, education have become closely linked to ICT. Accordingly, the concept of the smart city has emerged to attract the interest of governments, companies, educational institutions and Universities [1]. In Morocco, most universities or higher education institutions have always been interested in keeping up with the fast-paced world of technology and integrate ICT in mainstream education. However, most attempts to initiate smart universities is always faced with a series of challenges and constraints. Most of which are related to lack of infrastructure, students’ and professors’ lack of technological readiness, and socio-economic inequality among students. Most recently, due to COVID-19, universities are forced to resort to emergency remote learning and scramble different options of e-learning as a dire need to tackle the current educational crisis which creates a certain chaos due to lack of readiness to an advanced technological application. This paper is an attempt to discuss the challenges posed and opportunities offered using e-learning to deal with the new normal (Covid-19) in different educational levels in general and higher education in particular. Significantly, this paper reviews most of that has been said about online learning, describes some of the conducted empirical studies, and calls for implementing e-learning as an innovative teaching strategy for smart universities.
Water adsorption and hygroscopic growth of six anemophilous pollen species: the effect of temperature

Abstract. Hygroscopicity largely affects environmental and climatic impacts of pollen grains, one important type of primary biological aerosol particles in the troposphere. However, our knowledge of pollen hygroscopicity is rather limited, and the effect of temperature in particular has rarely been explored before. In this work three different techniques, including a vapor sorption analyzer, diffusion reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and transmission Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (transmission FTIR) were employed to characterize six anemophilous pollen species and to investigate their hygroscopic properties as a function of relative humidity (RH, up to 95 %) and temperature (5 or 15, 25 and 37 ∘C). Substantial mass increase due to water uptake was observed for all the six pollen species, and at 25 ∘C the relative mass increase at 90 % RH, when compared to that at <1 % RH, ranged from ∼30 % to ∼50 %, varying with pollen species. It was found that the modified κ-Köhler equation can well approximate mass hygroscopic growth of all the six pollen species, and the single hygroscopicity parameter (κ) was determined to be in the range of 0.034±0.001 to 0.061±0.007 at 25 ∘C. In situ DRIFTS measurements suggested that water adsorption by pollen species was mainly contributed to by OH groups of organic compounds they contained, and good correlations were indeed found between hygroscopicity of pollen species and the number of OH groups, as determined using transmission FTIR. An increase in temperature would in general lead to a decrease in hygroscopicity, except for pecan pollen. For example, κ values decreased from 0.073±0.006 at 5 ∘C to 0.061±0.007 at 25 ∘C and to 0.057±0.004 at 37 ∘C for Populus tremuloides pollen, and decreased from 0.060±0.001 at 15 ∘C to 0.054±0.001 at 25 ∘C and 0.050±0.002 at 37 ∘C for paper mulberry pollen.
Use of Interaction Design Methodologies for Human–Robot Collaboration in Industrial Scenarios

The key concept of collaborative robotics is represented by the presence of a strict interaction between a human user and the robotic system. As such, the study of the interaction is of paramount importance for a successful implementation of the system. In this article, we propose a novel approach to address the problem of designing a collaborative robotic system for industrial applications, focusing on the characteristics of the interaction. In particular, we will propose a set of methodologies focused on interaction design, inspired by those used for the design of user interfaces. These methodologies will allow the design of collaborative robotic systems following a user-centered approach, thus putting emphasis not only on safety and adaptability of the robotic systems (which have been widely addressed in the literature), but also on the interaction experience. While the proposed methodology was developed considering general collaborative robotics applications, two real industrial case studies were considered, to instantiate the considered framework and showcase its applicability to the real-world domain. Note to Practitioners—This article aims at bridging the gap between interaction design and collaborative robotics. In particular, the proposed methodology will represent a toolset for robotic experts (researchers and system integrators), for understanding the user experience and designing the robotic system ensuring an effective interaction. In fact, while robotics experts are typically well aware of issues and methodologies related to technological and application aspects, they often tend to ignore the principles of interaction. Such principles are commonly adopted in the design of computer-based human–machine interfaces or web applications, but, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, have never been applied to the design of collaborative robotic systems for industrial applications. Hence, this article will serve as a fundamental step to bring interaction design principles into the robot integration domain.
Fabrication and optimization of bio-silver nanoparticles: Activity evaluation against beta-lactamases-resistant Enterococcus faecalis

Objectives: Due to the presence of antibiotic-resistant genes, treatment options of clinical isolates are exceedingly limited. This study was aimed to fabricate, optimize, characterize, and evaluate the action of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against a clinical isolate of Enterococcus faecalis.Materials and Methods: A combination of cell-free supernatant (C-FS) of the filamentous fungus Fusarium solani and Gram-negative Comamonas aquatica for AgNPs formation was proposed; the antigrowth and antibiofilm of AgNPs against E. faecalis harboring blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes were assessed. Results: The ratio of 1:2 v/v (C-FS:AgNO3) at pH 9.0 for 72 h in 1 mM AgNO3 were the optimal conditions for AgNPs formation. UV-vis absorption peak appeared at 425 nm and the crystalline nature of synthesized particles was verified by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed the interaction of protein molecules with the AgNPs. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis demonstrated that fabricated AgNPs were relatively monodispersed, approximately spherical, and of size 2-7.5 nm. blaTEM and blaCTX-M were detected in E. faecalis; the growth and biofilm of E. faecalis were significantly decreased by the action of 12.5 µg/ml AgNPs. Conclusions: This is the first study proposing alternative sources to form AgNPs via synergistic metabolites of F. solani and C. aquatica. The results here offer a foundation for developing an effective therapy using AgNPs against clinical pathogens.
A Distant Threat Made Local? The Carry-over Effect of Perceived Threat from Asylum Seekers in Europe to Israeli Local Outgroups

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of perceived threat from asylum seekers in EU (EUAS) on attitudes toward Israeli local outgroups, controlling for face to-face interaction with the latter. The study was conducted using an online survey of 1311 Israeli Jews. Realistic threat from EUAS was negatively related to positive attitudes toward three local outgroups, while the association between symbolic threat from EUAS and attitudes toward the local outgroups was insignificant. The effect of distant realistic threat was more pronounced than the effect of symbolic threat and the effect of face-to-face contact. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/15562948.2021. 1956668 .
A New Dynamic Modeling Approach to Predict Microbial Methane Generation and Consumption in Marine Sediments

Methane, as a clean energy source and a potent greenhouse gas, is produced in marine sediments by microbes via complex biogeochemical processes associated with the mineralization of organic matter. Quantitative modeling of biogeochemical processes is a crucial way to advance the understanding of the global carbon cycle and the past, present, and future of climate change. Here, we present a new approach of dynamic transport-reaction model combined with sediment deposition. Compared to other studies, since the model does not need the methane concentration in the bottom of sediments and predicts that value, it provides us with a robust carbon budget estimation tool in the sediment. We applied the model to the Blake Ridge region (Ocean Drilling Program, Leg 164, site 997). Based on seafloor data as input, our model remarkably reproduces measured values of total organic carbon, dissolved inorganic carbon, sulfate, calcium, and magnesium concentration in pore waters and the in situ methane presented in three phases: dissolved in pore water, trapped in gas hydrate, and as free gas. Kinetically, we examined the coexistence of free gas and hydrate, and demonstrated how it might affect methane gas migration in marine sediment within the gas hydrate stability zone.
Pharmacological and Biological Activities of Different Fractions Methanol Extracts of Gardenia coronaria Buch. -Ham. Leaves

Ethanolic extract and its n-hexane and chloroform soluble fractions of the leaves of Gardenia coronaria Buch. Ham. were screened for their bio-activities. Preliminary phytochemicals screening of crude extract revealed the presence of glycosides, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, reducing sugars and flavonoids in different extracts. In antibacterial test, maximal zone of inhibition obtained against B. cereus (15.3 mm) and in antifungal test maximal zone found against C. albicans (12.7 mm) by the chloroform extract. The crude extract of the plant exhibited notable anti-inflammatory activity. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH free radical scavenging method where the scavenging activity was concentration dependent with IC50 values of 5. 15μg/ml, 8. 75μg/ml and 12.71μg/ml for ethanol, nhexane and chloroform extract, respectively. In the castor oil-induced antidiarrheal assay, the crude extract of the plant significantly increased the latency and total count of defecation. Acetic acid-induced writhing reflex due to analgesia was inhibited by 31.18% (by ethanol), 23.67% (by n-hexane) and 24.73% (by chloroform) at 500 mg/kg body wt. in experimental mice. The extractives at doses from 31.25-500 μg/ml, produced inhibition of amylase activity in a dose dependent manner.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 20(2): 139-147, 2017
Very Short-Term Rainfall Prediction Using Ground Radar Observations and Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks

Weather radars play an important role in in situ rainfall monitoring owing to their ability to measure instantaneous rain rates and rainfall distributions. Currently, the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) provides instantaneous radar observation data and predictions based on the McGill algorithm for precipitation nowcasting by Lagrangian extrapolation (MAPLE) for up to 6 h, for short-term forecasting. This study presents a conditional generative adversarial network (CGAN)-based radar rainfall prediction method for very short-range weather forecasts from 10 min to 4 h. The CGAN-predicted model was trained and tested using KMA's constant altitude plan position indicator (CAPPI) observation data. The qualitative comparison between the radar observation and the CGAN-predicted rain rates displayed high statistical scores, such as the probability of detection (POD) = 0.8442, false alarm ratio (FAR) = 0.2913, and critical success index (CSI) = 0.6268, in the case of a 1-h prediction for rainfall on September 5, 2019, 15:20 KST. This study demonstrates the capability of the CGAN model for short-term rainfall forecasting. Consequently, the CGAN-generated radar-based rainfall prediction could complement the KMA MAPLE system and be useful in various forecasting applications.
Review of Yang et al. (gmd-2021-190)

Yang et al present a consistent validation framework (including a suite a model evaluation metrics) for a terrestrial biosphere model data assimilation system (CARDAMOM) that can be used to systematically test different versions of the model in addition to various DA system configurations (observation record length etc). The introduction really nicely lays out the motivation for developing a rigorous DA-validation framework and the analyses presented provide a useful demonstration of how that framework can be used to answer the key questions posed in lines 90-95. This is important work that all TBM DA groups need to be routinely performing, and as such this paper should serve as a guiding framwork or benchmark that I believe will be of wide use to the TBM modeling community.
IMPLEMENTASI CONTACTING CONDUCTIVITY SENSOR DAN THERMISTOR BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLER ATMEGA32 UNTUK PENDETEKSIAN AWAL KUALITAS AIR

Telah dibuat prototipe sistem dengan contacting conductivity sensor dan thermistor berbasis mikrokontroler ATmega32 pendeteksian awal kualitas air, melalui (a) pengintegrasi sensor ke sistem mikrokontroler ATmega32 dan (b) pemrograman mikrokontroler ATmega32 untuk pengoperasian sistem. Pengintegrasian sensor ke sistem mikrokontroler, berupa: (i) pemanfaatan pin pada board mikrokontroler untuk sensor konduktivitas hanya 4 dari 8 pin yang tersedia, dimana masing-masing digunakan untuk data (pin-1), clock (pin-3), ground (pin-4), dan catu daya +5 volt dc (pin-8); (ii) port pada board mikrokontroler untuk thermistor, yaitu port-C (PC) dengan PC0 untuk pembacaan dan penulisan data, sedangkan PC1 digunakan untuk penghasil pulsa (clock) sinkronisasi proses komunikasi 2-wire (bi-directional); dan (iii) lima port utama pada board mikrokontroler ATmega32 yang digunakan, yaitu untuk: (i) catu daya 5 volt dc pada ATmega32, (ii) sensor konduktivitas dan suhu, (iii) LCD 2x16, (iv) downloader, dan (v) keluaran. Pemrograman mikrokontroler ATmega32 untuk pengoperasian sistem, dilakukan penanaman program berbahasa BasCom dalam delapan tahapan, yaitu: (i) konfigurasi pin, (ii) deklarasi variabel (peubah), (iii) deklarasi konstanta (tetapan), (iv) inisialisasi, (v) program utama, (vi) tampilan: konduktivitas (line-1) dan suhu (line-2), (vii) ambil dan kirim data, dan (viii) keluaran: Pengukuran terhadap kinerja sistem berupa uji validasi dengan tampilan nilai konduktivitas dan suhu. Nilai target telah diperoleh saat pengoperasian peranti ADC untuk penjagaan kestabilan nilai konduktivitas dan suhu, melalui pengukuran terhadap lima contoh air, yaitu air mineral, air mineral yang dipanaskan, air dari perusahaan air minum, air hujan, dan air bersifat asam. Berdasarkan kelima contoh air, pengukuran terhadap air bersifat asam dengan nilai konduktivitas dan suhu tertinggi, sehingga air bersifat asam dikategorikan sebagai air yang tidak layak untuk dikonsumsi. Kata-kata Kunci: contacting conductivity dan suhu, kualitas air, mikrokontroler ATmega32
A survey of numerical schemes for transportation equation

The convection-diffusion equation is a fundamental equation that exists widely. The convection-diffusion equation consists of two processes: diffusion and convection. The convection-diffusion equation can also be called drift-diffusion equaintion. The convection – diffusion equation mainly characterizes natural phenomenon in which physical particles, energy are transferred in a system. The well-known linear transport equation is also one kind of convection-diffusion equation. The transport equation can describe the transport of a scalar field such as material feature, chemical reaction or temperature in an incompressible flow. In this paper, we discuss the famous numerical scheme, Lax-Friedrichs method, for the linear transport equation. The important ingredient of the design of the Lax-Friedrichs Method, namely the choice of the numerical fluxes will be discussed in detail. We give a detailed proof of the L1 stability of the Lax-Friedrichs scheme for the linear transport equation. We also address issues related to the implementation of this numerical scheme.
Wavelet-Based Adaptive Eddy-Resolving Methods for Modeling and Simulation of Complex Wall-Bounded Compressible Turbulent Flows

This article represents the second part of a review by De Stefano and Vasilyev (2021) on wavelet-based adaptive methods for modeling and simulation of turbulent flows. Unlike the hierarchical adaptive eddy-capturing approach, described in the first part and devoted to high-fidelity modeling of incompressible flows, this companion paper focuses on the adaptive eddy-resolving framework for compressible flows in complex geometries, which also includes model-form adaptation from low to high fidelity models. A hierarchy of wavelet-based eddy-resolving methods of different fidelity has been developed for different speed regimes, various boundary conditions, and Reynolds numbers. Solutions of various fidelity are achieved using a range of modeling approaches from unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulation to delayed detached eddy simulation, wall-modeled and wall-resolved large eddy simulations. These novel methodologies open the door to construct a hierarchical approach for simulation of compressible flows covering the whole range of possibilities, from only resolving the average or dominant frequency, to capturing the intermittency of turbulence eddies, and to directly simulating the full turbulence spectrum. The generalized hierarchical wavelet-based adaptive eddy-resolving approach, once fully integrated into a single inherently interconnected simulation, results in being a very competitive and predictive tool for complicated flows in industrial design and analysis with high efficiency and accuracy.
Utility of thiophene-2-carbonyl isothiocyanate as a precursor for the synthesis of 1,2,4-triazole, 1,3,4-oxadiazole and 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives with evaluation of their antitumor and antimicrobial activities

Abstract The reaction of thiophene-2-carbonyl isothiocyanate with phenylhydrazine gave 1-phenyl-5-(thien-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol which was transformed by follow-up reactions into derivatives substituted in the 3-position by 1,2,4-oxadiazole and 1,2,4-thiadiazole moieties via thioethers linkages. The antitumor activity of the products against two human tumor cell lines, namely hepatocellular carcinoma HePG-2 and mammary gland breast cancer MCF-7 as well as the antimicrobial activity of some of these compounds was evaluated. Graphical Abstract
Noise Reduction Design with Trapezoidal Back-EMF and Asymmetric Air-Gap for Single-Phase BLDC Refrigerator Cooling Fan Motor

In this study, a novel method for reducing the noise generated by single-phase claw-pole motors employed as refrigerator fan blowers is proposed. A single-phase claw-pole motor has the advantages of low manufacturing cost, easy manufacturing, and a high number of turns. However, in such motors, current delays occur owing to a high inductance; therefore, it is necessary to merge the back-electromotive force and current phases into the same phase using the phase advance method. Additionally, a single-phase motor exhibits dead torque and zero torque at an electrical angle of 180° owing to its electrical characteristics, and the dead torque deteriorates the average torque and torque ripple characteristics of the motor. In this study, a novel method is proposed to make the air gap asymmetrical by tilting the claw to reduce the noise generated by single-phase claw-pole motors. An asymmetric air gap allows the cogging torque to eliminate the dead torque caused by alignment torques, causing the torque ripple to decrease. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, the proposed model is compared with a base model via three-dimensional finite element analysis. Furthermore, the two models are manufactured and a noise test is conducted in an anechoic chamber to compare the noise difference between the two models.
The Spatiotemporal Distribution of SPARC and Collagen IV in the Secretory Pathway and Evidence of a Functional Relationship During Extracellular Collagen IV Polymerization

Basement membranes (BMs) are a hallmark feature of multicellular organisms and support essential developmental events. Collagen IV is the major structural component of BMs, however, its spatiotemporal assembly into stereotypic lattice networks is poorly understood. SPARC, a collagen IV-binding glycoprotein, is enriched in BMs of Drosophila melanogaster. SPARC is hypothesized to be an extracellular chaperone-like protein, whereby it prevents premature collagen IV polymerization. In this study, I demonstrate that SPARC and collagen IV co-localize primarily in the trans-Golgi network prior to secretion. Moreover, SPARC reduces premature nucleation of collagen IV molecules in cultured hemocytes seeded on a laminin matrix, but is not required for the establishment of collagen IV-rich BMs in the embryo. To gain further insight on the functional relationship between SPARC and collagen IV, CRISPR/Cas9 sparc mutants were generated. This genetic tool will be used to unmask SPARC structural domains responsible for collagen IV assembly and BM homeostasis.