Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Color superconductivity, Z N flux tubes, and monopole confinement in deformed N =2 * super Yang-Mills theories

We study the Z_N flux tubes and monopole confinement in deformed N=2* super Yang-Mills theories. In order to do that we consider an N=4 super Yang-Mills theory with an arbitrary gauge group G and add some N=2, N=1 and N=0 deformation terms. We analyze some possible vacuum solutions and phases of the theory, depending on the deformation terms which are added. In the Coulomb phase for the N=2* theory, G is broken to U(1)^r and the theory has monopole solutions. Then, by adding some deformation terms, the theory passes to the Higgs or color superconducting phase, in which G is broken to its center C_G. In this phase we construct the Z_N flux tubes ansatz and obtain the BPS string tension. We show that the monopole magnetic fluxes are linear integer combinations of the string fluxes and therefore the monopoles can become confined. Then, we obtain a bound for the threshold length of the string-breaking. We also show the possible formation of a confining system with 3 different monopoles for the SU(3) gauge group. Finally we show that the BPS string tensions of the theory satisfy the Casimir scaling law.
Tunable high-harmonic generation by chromatic focusing of few-cycle laser pulses

In this work we study the impact of chromatic focusing of few-cycle laser pulses on high-order-harmonic generation (HHG) through analysis of the emitted extreme ultraviolet (XUV) radiation. Chromatic focusing is usually avoided in the few-cycle regime, as the pulse spatiotemporal structure may be highly distorted by the spatiotemporal aberrations. Here, however, we demonstrate it as an additional control parameter to modify the generated XUV radiation. We present experiments where few-cycle pulses are focused by a singlet lens in a Kr gas jet. The chromatic distribution of focal lengths allows us to tune HHG spectra by changing the relative singlet-target distance. Interestingly, we also show that the degree of chromatic aberration needed for this control does not degrade substantially the harmonic conversion efficiency, still allowing for the generation of supercontinua with the chirped-pulse scheme, demonstrated previously for achromatic focusing. We back up our experiments with theoretical simulations reproducing the experimental HHG results depending on diverse parameters (input pulse spectral phase, pulse duration, and focus position) and proving that, under the considered parameters, the attosecond pulse train remains very similar to the achromatic case, even showing cases of isolated attosecond pulse generation for near-single-cycle driving pulses.
Magnetic domain replication in interacting bilayers with out-of-plane anisotropy: Application toCo∕Ptmultilayers

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Magnetic domain replication in interacting bilayers with out-of-plane anisotropy: Application to Co ∕ Pt multilayers Vincent Baltz, A. Marty, B. Rodmacq, B. Dieny
Combining sampling and model weights in agriculture small area estimation

This paper is focussed on agriculture small area models for predicting minor crops. In the application considered here, the study domain is often poor in the crop of interest leading to irregular and sparsely distributed plots, usually smaller than the segments used in the sampling design. Hence, the variability among the sampled units becomes large in those areas with a high number of segments. To date, models including weights to account for heteroscedasticity, as well as models considering sampling weights to achieve design‐consistency have been proposed to derive estimators of small area means or totals. In this work, we discuss extensions of these models and the convenience of using both types of weighting. The models performance is illustrated for predicting the total area occupied by olive trees in a region of Navarra, Spain. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Digital footprints of Kashmiri Pandit migration on Twitter

The paper investigates changing levels of online concern about the Kashmiri Pandit migration of the 1990s on Twitter. Although decades old, this movement of people is an ongoing issue in India, with no current resolution. Analysing changing reactions to it on social media may shed light on trends in public attitudes to the event. Tweets were downloaded from Twitter using the academic version of its applications programming interface (API) using the free social media analytics software Mozdeh. A set of 1000 tweets was selected for a content analysis with a random number generator in Mozdeh. The results show that the number of tweets about the issue has increased over time, mainly from India, and predominantly driven by the release of films like Shikara and The Kashmir Files. The tweets show apparent universal sup­port for the Pandits but often express strong emotions or criticize the actions of politicians, showing that the migration is an ongoing source of anguish and frustration that needs resolution. The results also show that social media analysis can give insights even into primarily offline political issues that predate the popularity of the web, and can easily incorporate international perspectives necessary to understand complex migration issues.
Support of Working Informal Caregivers in the Netherlands and in Germany

The division of responsibilities and organizational structures in the field of long-term care is a subject of much discussion. This is made even more clear by the EU Work-Life Balance Directive of June 2019. In view of the rising pressure of combining work and care, it is important to enable and facilitate the working informal caregiver. In this paper an attempt is made to gain more insight into this issue. We identified the opportunities and risks of an informalization of care and studied how persons in the Netherlands and Germany are being supported to combine the different roles and tasks. The comparison shows that informal care is not only a responsibility of the individual and/or the employer but that the government should play a role in facilitating and enabling working informal caregivers. This can also be defended on efficiency arguments. It is not possible to take out an insurance against the provision of informal care on the private market. Furthermore, providing informal care has negative external effects related to a reduction of labour market participation and the ensuing costs for society.
Fluctuations of the number of particles within a given volume in cold quantum gases

In ultracold gases many experiments use atom imaging as a basic observable. The resulting image is averaged over a number of realizations and mostly only this average is used. Only recently the noise has been measured to extract physical information. In the present paper we investigate the quantum noise arising in these gases at zero temperature. We restrict ourselves to the homogeneous situation and study the fluctuations in particle number found within a given volume in the gas, and more specifically inside a sphere of radius R. We show that zero-temperature fluctuations are not extensive and the leading term scales with sphere radius R as R{sup 2} ln R (or ln R) in three- (or one-) dimensional systems. We calculate systematically the next term beyond this leading order. We consider first the generic case of a compressible superfluid. Then we investigate the whole Bose-Einstein-condensation (BEC) -BCS crossover, and in particular the limiting cases of the weakly interacting Bose gas and of the free Fermi gas.
Metallic glass matrix composite with precipitated ductile reinforcement

We report a composite material consisting of precipitated micron-scale Ta-rich solid solution particles distributed in a bulk metallic glass matrix. The reinforcing ductile particles are precipitated during melting of the master alloy of glass-forming (Zr70Ni10Cu20)82Ta8Al10, by using previously prepared metastable Zr–Ta solid solution binary ingots. Upon cooling from the melt, the matrix undergoes a glass transition to produce an amorphous phase while the particles of precipitated Ta solid solution are distributed in the glass matrix. The resulting material not only shows high strength (∼2.1 GPa), but also has dramatically enhanced plastic strain to failure in uniaxial compression relative to single-phase bulk metallic glasses. The composite also displays limited tensile ductility.
Covariant canonical formalism for four-dimensional BF theory

The covariant canonical formalism for four-dimensional BF theory is performed. The aim of the paper is to understand in the context of the covariant canonical formalism both the reducibility that some first class constraints have in Dirac’s canonical analysis and also the role that topological terms play. The analysis includes also the cases when both a cosmological constant and the second Chern character are added to the pure BF action. In the case of the BF theory supplemented with the second Chern character, the presymplectic 3-form is different to the one of the BF theory in spite of the fact both theories have the same equations of motion while on the space of solutions they both agree to each other. Moreover, the analysis of the degenerate directions shows some differences between diffeomorphisms and internal gauge symmetries.
Short-Term Traffic Flow Prediction Based on a K-Nearest Neighbor and Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory Model

In the previous research on traffic flow prediction models, most of the models mainly studied the time series of traffic flow, and the spatial correlation of traffic flow was not fully considered. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a method to predict the spatio-temporal characteristics of short-term traffic flow by combining the k-nearest neighbor algorithm and bidirectional long short-term memory network model. By selecting the real-time traffic flow data observed on high-speed roads in the United Kingdom, the K-nearest neighbor algorithm is used to spatially screen the station data to determine the points with high correlation and then input the BILSTM model for prediction. The experimental results show that compared with SVR, LSTM, GRU, KNN-LSTM, and CNN-LSTM models, the model proposed in this paper has better prediction accuracy, and its performance has been improved by 77%, 19%, 18%, 22%, and 13%, respectively. The proposed K-nearest neighbor-bidirectional long short-time memory model shows better prediction performance.
Renormalizability of Effective Scalar Field Theory

Abstract We present a comprehensive discussion of the consistency of the effective quantum field theory of a single Z 2 symmetric scalar field. The theory is constructed from a bare Euclidean action which at a scale much greater than the particle′s mass is constrained only by the most basic requirements; stability, finiteness, analyticity, naturalness, and global symmetry. We prove to all orders in perturbation theory the boundedness, convergence, and universality of the theory at low energy scales, and thus that the theory is perturbatively renormalizable in the sense that to a certain precision over a range of such scales it depends only on a finite number of parameters. We then demonstrate that the effective theory has a well-defined unitary and causal analytic S-matrix at all energy scales. We also show that redundant terms in the Lagrangian may be systematically eliminated by field redefinitions without changing the S-matrix, and discuss the extent to which effective field theory and analytic S-matrix theory are actually equivalent. All this is achieved by a systematic exploitation of Wilson′s exact renormalization group flow equation, as used by Polchinski in his original proof of the renimalizability of conventional φ 4 -theory.
Formation and evolution of substructures in tidal tails: spherical dark matter haloes

Recently a theory about the formation of over-densities of stars along tidal tails of globular clusters has been presented, this theory predicts the position and time of formation of such over-densities and was successfully tested with N-body simulations of globular clusters in a point mass galactic potential. In this work we present a comparison between this theory and our simulations using a dwarf galaxy orbiting two differently shaped dark matter halos to study the effects of a cored and a cuspy halo on the formation and evolution of tidal tails. We find no difference using a cuspy or a cored halo, however, we find an intriguing asymmetry between the leading and trailing arm of the tidal tails. The trailing arm grows faster than the leading arm. This asymmetry is seen in the distance to first over-density and its size as well. We establish a relation between the distance to the first over-density and the size of this over-density.
Strong Derivatives and Integrals

The strong derivative is not, without some caution, a useful tool in the study of McShane’s (i.e., Lebesgue’s) integral. Even so, the underlying structure of that process of derivation is closely connected to the formulation of the Riemann sums definition that McShane gave for his integral. This article discusses some of the features and traps for the study of those connections. In this elementary paper we wish to clarify some properties of the strong derivative and the relation that derivative has to integration. There has been some confusion in papers published here ([7], [8]) as to the exact situation. Mostly this stems from an analogy that is easy to push rather too far. The differentiation basis that expresses the ordinary derivative also expresses the Henstock-Kurzweil integral. That fact is the source of the ease with which one can argue back and forth between properties of the integral and properties of the derivative. The differentiation basis that expresses the strong derivative also expresses the Lebesgue integral in an identical manner, as shown originally by McShane [12]. That might lead one to think that there is an intimate relationship between the Lebesgue integral and the strong derivative and, moreover, that similar arguments can be used in similar situations. The difficulty is that there is no Vitali covering theorem for the strong differentiation basis. What these, admittedly vague, statements mean is clarified in our article. Henstock’s general theory of integration, which he developed in a number of places and most recently in the textbook [4], uses his variational ideas to generalize Vitali arguments to situations where the classical Vitali theorem might be awkward to employ. There is some difficulty in applying the theory Mathematical Reviews subject classification: Primary: 26A24, 26A42
Protoplanetary Disk Rings and Gaps across Ages and Luminosities

Since the discovery of the multiring structure of the HL Tau disk, ALMA data suggest that the dust continuum emission of many, if not all, protoplanetary disks consists of rings and gaps, no matter their spectral type or age. The origin of these gaps so far remains unclear. We present a sample study of 16 disks with multiple ring-like structures in the continuum, using published ALMA archival data, to compare their morphologies and gap locations in a systematic way. The 16 targets range from early- to late-type stars, from <0.5 Myr to >10 Myr and from ∼0.2 to 40 L⊙, and include both full and transitional disks with cleared inner dust cavities. Stellar ages are revised using new Gaia distances. Gap locations are derived using a simple radial fit to the intensity profiles. Using a radiative transfer model, the temperature profiles are computed. The gap radii generally do not correspond to the orbital radii of snow lines of the most common molecules. A snow line model can likely be discarded as a common origin of multiring systems. In addition, there are no systematic trends in the gap locations that could be related to resonances of planets. Finally, the outer radius of the disks decreases for the oldest disks in the sample, indicating that if multiring disks evolve in a similar way, outer dust rings either dissipate with the gas or grow into planetesimal belts.
Glucosinolate Content Varies and Transcriptome Analysis in Different Kale Cultivars (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) Grown in a Vertical Farm

Kale ( Brassica oleracea var. acephala ) is one of the most frequently consumed leafy vegetables globally, as it contains numerous nutrients; essential amino acids, phenolics, vitamins, and minerals, and is particularly rich in glucosinolates. However, the differences in the biosynthesis of glucosinolates and related gene expression among kale cultivars has been poorly reported. In this study, we investigated glucosinolates profile and content in three different kale cultivars, including green (‘Man-Choo’ and ‘Mat-Jjang’) and red kale (‘Red-Curled’) cultivars grown in a vertical farm, using transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. The growth and development of the green kale cultivars were higher than those of the red kale cultivar at 6 weeks after cultivation. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed five glucosinolates in the ‘Man-Choo’ cultivar, and four glucosinolates in the ‘Mat-Jjang’ and ‘Red-Curled’ cultivars. Glucobrassicin was the most predominant glucosinolate followed by gluconastrutiin in all the cultivars. In contrast, other glucosinolates were highly dependent to the genotypes. The highest total glucosinolates was found in the ‘Red-Curled’ cultivar, which followed by ‘Man-Choo’ and ‘Mat-Jjang’. Based on transcriptome analysis, eight genes were involved in glucosinolate biosynthesis. The overall results suggest that the glucosinolate content and accumulation patterns differ according to the kale cultivar and differential expression of glucosinolate biosynthetic genes.
Temperature-Profile/Lapse-Rate Feedback: A Misunderstood Feedback of the Climate System

This study shows that the heretofore assumed condition for no temperature-profile (TP)/lapse-rate feedback, for all altitudes z, or , in fact yields a negative feedback. The correct condition for no TP feedback is for all z, where Ts is the surface temperature. This condition translates into a uniform increase (decrease) in lapse rate with altitude for an increase (decrease) in Ts. The temperature changes caused by a change in solar irradiance and/or planetary albedo satisfy the condition for no TP feedback. The temperature changes caused by a change in greenhouse gas concentration do not satisfy the condition for no TP feedback and, instead, yield a positive feedback.
Capillarisin Exerts Cardioprotective Effect via Modulating the Matrix Remodelling in an Experimental Model of Myocardial Infarction

Capillarisin is a primary bioactive compound derived from Artemisia capillaris is known to possess anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory responses. Although, studies on the protecting effect of capillarisin against heart attack are still not clear. Therefore, in the current investigation, the experimental model of myocardial infarction was induced using isoproterenol in rats. Male Wistar rats were separated into 4 clusters as control, isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction, capillarisin pretreated (10 mg/kg/d) before isoproterenol induction, capillarisin drug control for 4 w. Finally, infarct size, cardiac markers, such as creatinine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, matrix proteins and microRNA signatures were revealed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Rats induced with myocardial infarction demonstrated the abnormality in echocardiographic measurements with increased biomarkers, for example, heart type fatty acid binding protein, creatinine kinase and troponin-I compared to control. While capillarisin pre-treated rats banned myocardial infarction considerably (p<0.001) with restored cardiac functions. Besides, capillarisin pre-treatment repealed the fibrosis onset with restored matrix proteins. In addition, cardiac biomarkers, for example, atrial natriuretic peptide, erythroid transcription factor, nuclear factor of activated T cells were found increased with reduced sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase 2 in rats suffering from myocardial infarction. Additionally, the messenger ribonucleic acid of matrix signaling pathways were also found reduced obviously in capillarisin treatment which was disturbed in myocardial infarction induced rats. Capillarisin protected the hearts from failing induced by isoproterenol in rats and provides cardioprotective effect, through restoring the matrix signaling, antiinflammatory, antioxidant effect suggested possible drug candidate for the therapy of heart attack.
Proton-driven patterning of bulk transition metal dichalcogenides

At the few-atom-thick limit, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) exhibit a host of attractive electronic optical, and structural properties. The possibility to pattern these properties has a great impact on applied and fundamental research. Here, we demonstrate spatial control over the light emission, lattice deformation, and hydrogen storage in bulk TMDs. By low-energy proton irradiation, we create uniquely favorable conditions for the production and accumulation of molecular hydrogen just one or few monolayers beneath the crystal basal plane of bulk WS2, WSe2, WTe2, MoSe2, and MoS2 samples. H2 therein produced coalesces to form bubbles, which lead to the localized swelling of one X-M-X plane prevalently. This results eventually in the creation of atomically thin domes filled with molecular hydrogen at 10 atm. The domes emit light strongly well above room temperature and can store H2 indefinitely. They can be produced with the desired density, well-ordered positions, and size tunable from the nanometer to the micrometer scale, thus providing a template for the manageable and durable mechanical and electronic structuring of two-dimensional materials.
Proximate, Amino Acid Compositions and Functional Properties of Maize-Beans Composite Flours

The aim of the study was to determine the nutritional and functional properties of beans-maize flour samples. Flour blends were produced using 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 50:50 (maize: beans, w/w) while 100% maize served as the control. The proximate composition results were: moisture content (8.99-7.65%), crude protein (6.93-14.00%), carbohydrate (63.75-75.64%), total ash (0.97-2.62%), crude fat (6.95-11.11%) and crude fiber (0.51-0.87%). Functional properties results obtained were: water absorption capacity (1.75-1.90 g/g), oil absorption capacity (1.33-1.53 g/g), swelling capacity (1.66-1.36 mL/g), least gelation concentration (15.00-4.50%), bulk density (1.54-1.67 g/mL), foaming capacity (51.00-80.83%) and foaming stability (8.28-19.01%). The substitution of maize flour with beans had significant improvements in the mineral and amino acid compositions of the composite flours. Generally, there was an improvement in the nutritional and functional properties as the level of beans supplementation increased. It was concluded that the addition of beans flour to maize flour enhanced the nutritional and functional properties of the composite flours.