Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ADAPTATIVE DECISION TREE ALGORITHMS FOR LEARNING FROM EXAMPLES (Ph.D. Thesis)

This thesis investigates the problem of designing learning algorithms that adaptively enlarge the set of primitive attributes with features (*adaptive algorithms*). We focus on learning algorithms that use decision trees as a concept description language. We motivate the need for this type of algorithm by characterizing the complexity of the decision tree representation for disjunctive concepts. Due to a representational problem, disjunctive concepts do not always have a concise decision tree description when the tests at the nodes are limited to the initial attributes. However, we show that this representational problem is overcome by using adequate features. We present two types of adaptive decision tree algorithms: iterative algorithms, and separate and conquer algorithms. Algorithms of the first type use an iterative control structure. In each iteration very simple combinations of features from previous iterations are proposed. More adequate and complex features are created as the number of iterations increases. Algorithms of the second type use a greedy top-down approach to explain the training examples by a restricted kind of decision tree, called a decision list. The performance of the algorithms is evaluated empirically on several synthetic and natural domains that have been used as benchmarks for other learning algorithms. The results establish that the algorithms outperform a standard decision tree method when the target concept can be described either by a small Disjunctive Normal Form (DNF) formula or by a small Disjunctive Linear Form formula whose nonzero weights have a magnitude 1 ((0,1)DLF), and the examples are drawn from the uniform distribution over the instance space. Finally, we prove that one of the algorithms is a Probably Approximately Correct (PAC) algorithm for learning muDNF concepts when the examples are drawn from the uniform distribution.
Developing the pilots’ load measuring system

Purpose The main purpose of this study is to introduce the pilots’ load model and developed concept of load measuring system for operator load management. Design/methodology/approach In future aeronautical system, the role of operators (pilots and air traffic controllers [ATCOs]) will be in transition from active controlling to passive monitoring. Therefore, the operators’ load (task, information, work and mental) model was developed. There were developed measuring systems integrating into the pilot and ATCOs working environment eye tracking system outside measuring equipment. Operator load management was created by using the measurement. Findings In future system depending on time and automation level, the role of information and mental load will be increased. In flight simulator practice, developed load management method serves as a good tool for improving the quality of pilot training. According to the test results, the load monitoring and management system increase the safety of operators’ action in an emergency situation. Research limitations/implications The developed method were tested in two flight simulators (one developed for scientific investigation and other one applied for pilot training) and ATM management laboratory. Practical implications By deployment of the develop load monitoring and management system, the safety of aircraft flights and air transport management will be increased, especially in an emergency situation. Social implications People and society’s acceptance of future highly automated system will be increased. Originality value The analysis focuses on the following: developing operator’s load model as improved situation awareness model of Endsley, developing monitoring system integrated into operator’s working environment, creating load management system.
A Diffusion Model of Binary Systems Controlled by Chemical Potential Gradient

The paper presents a model of diffusion in a single phase with chemical potential gradient as the driving force of the process. Fick’s laws are strictly empirical and the assumption that the concentration gradients are the driving forces of diffusion is far from precise. Instead, the gradient of chemical potential μi of component i is the real driving force. The matter of governing equations of models that incorporate this approach will be raised and discussed in this article. One of more important features is the ability to acquire results where diffusion against the concentration gradient may occur. The presented model uses the Finite Difference Method (FDM) and employs the CALPHAD method to obtain chemical potentials. The calculations of chemical potential are carried out for instant conditions – temperature and composition – in the entire task domain by Thermo-Calc via a TQ-Interface. Then the heterogeneity of chemical potentials is translated into mass transfer for each individual element. Calculations of two modelling tasks for one-dimension diffusion field were carried out. First: isothermal conditions with linear initial composition distribution and second: constant temperature gradient with uniform chemical composition in the specimen. Results for two binary solid solutions: Fe-C and Fe-Si, in the FCC phase for the given tasks will be presented. Modelling allows us to estimate the time needed to reach a desired state in a particular equilibrium or quasi-equilibrium state. It also shows the path of the composition change during the process. This can be used to determine whether the system at some point is getting close to the formation of another phase due to significant deviation from its initial conditions.
Highway maintenance management: A review of some practices in Malaysia

Highway maintenance is becoming a very popular topic in recent years.The relationship between the growth of the nation and welfare of the society has highlighted the importance of the subject.Without the proper maintenance system, highways can rapidly tumble into depreciation which in the end will affect the highways patron in term of vehicle operation, time, reliability and safety.With the alarming number of accidents happened due to highway condition, the effectiveness of the highway maintenance management system in Malaysia has raised a concerned.A study conducted to address this issue with related government agencies, highway operators and highway personnel using qualitative approach.
Equipping EI Practitioners in Using PBS Strategies to Support Families With Addressing Challenging Behaviors: A Mixed Methods Pilot Study

ABSTRACT Challenging behaviors are linked to negative long-term developmental outcomes for young children with disabilities and remain a primary focus of service delivery for many early intervention practitioners and families. Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports (PBIS) is a tiered prevention framework that recommends evidence-based positive behavior support (PBS) strategies to effectively address young children’s challenging behaviors and promote prosocial skills. However, there is limited research investigating the feasibility of a PBIS approach in Part C early intervention settings, which employ a family-centered approach to serve an increasingly culturally and linguistically heterogeneous population of young children and their families. This article presents findings from a convergent mixed methods study aiming to understand the impact of PBIS approach components implemented in an early intervention context (PBIS-EI) to support diverse families in addressing children’s challenging behaviors at home. EI practitioners’ implementation of PBS strategies is measured over time and practitioner experiences with supporting parents’ use of PBS strategies are explored via qualitative interviews. Findings show increases in EI practitioner confidence and implementation of strategies, as well as practitioner-reported experiences. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
Mediterranean Spur-Thighed Tortoises (Testudo graeca) Have Optimal Speeds at Which They Can Minimise the Metabolic Cost of Transport, on a Treadmill

Simple Summary Understanding the energy that animals use to move around is important, as it can shed light on how they make decisions about where and how to locomote. Tortoises are unique among vertebrates in having a shell, which influences almost all aspects of their biology. Here, we experimentally quantified the metabolic cost of transport in Mediterranean spur-thighed tortoises walking on a treadmill while also quantifying the kinematics of their movement. We found, in line with previous studies, that tortoises move more efficiently than predicted and present the first data demonstrating a curvilinear cost of transport over their speed range. We conclude that tortoises have an optimum speed at which they move to minimise their metabolic cost of locomotion. Abstract Tortoises are famed for their slow locomotion, which is in part related to their herbivorous diet and the constraints imposed by their protective shells. For most animals, the metabolic cost of transport (CoT) is close to the value predicted for their body mass. Testudines appear to be an exception to this rule, as previous studies indicate that, for their body mass, they are economical walkers. The metabolic efficiency of their terrestrial locomotion is explainable by their walking gait biomechanics and the specialisation of their limb muscle physiology, which embodies a predominance of energy-efficient slow-twitch type I muscle fibres. However, there are only two published experimental reports of the energetics of locomotion in tortoises, and these data show high variability. Here, Mediterranean spur-thighed tortoises (Testudo graeca) were trained to walk on a treadmill. Open-flow respirometry and high-speed filming were simultaneously used to measure the metabolic cost of transport and to quantify limb kinematics, respectively. Our data support the low cost of transport previously reported and demonstrate a novel curvilinear relationship to speed in Testudines, suggesting tortoises have an energetically optimal speed range over which they can move in order to minimise the metabolic cost of transport.
Machine-Learning Approaches to Identify Travel Modes Using Smartphone-Assisted Survey and Map Application Programming Interface

Travel mode choice prediction is essential for transportation planning and travel demand prediction. One of the conventional travel survey methods is collecting data over landline telephones, which lacks efficiency because of financial and time resource needs. In this regard, smartphone-assisted travel surveys can be applied to overcome the mentioned deficiencies. Smartphone-assisted travel surveys allow respondents to record GPS data, travel purpose, and travel mode via an application, simplifying the survey process. With various sensors equipped, the precision of data is ensured. Based on the survey results, varied approaches have been seen to travel mode identification. For this study, a travel survey was conducted in Hangzhou, China, supported by the smartphone application TraceRecord integrated with online mapping services. Several steps were undertaken to recognize different kinds of travel modes. First, preprocessing was adopted to screen out defective logs. With the employment of A-Map Application Programming Interface (API), trajectory segmentation was substantially boosted. Then, separately, features related to velocity, acceleration, and heading were extracted from the survey data. To achieve better accuracy and efficacy, two classification algorithms—support vector machine (SVM) and gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT)—were applied to model the travel mode identification problem. Compared with the SVM, GBDT produced a higher prediction accuracy of 90.16%. Further analysis was implemented based on the results of the GBDT model, and velocity-related features contributed the most to the identification problem. The study explores the possibility of applying travel mode recognition in real-world conditions and discusses further mining of the survey data.
ANALISIS GERAK SMASH FOREHAND TERHADAP KETEPATAN SASARAN PADA ATLET BULU TANGKIS REMAJA PUTRA

Bulu tangkis menjadi olahraga raket yang tercepat di dunia dengan smash bulu tangkis dapat menyebabkan kecepatan shuttlecock mencapai 200 km/j. Pukulan smash terdiri dari gerakan rumit yang membutuhkan koordinasi semua segmen tubuh utama. Terdapat banyak teknik dalam melakukan gerakan pukulan smash dimulai dari footwork, pandangan, gerakan tangan dan gerakan tubuh. Teknik-teknik tersebut melandasi dari gerakan pukulan smash yang baik dan benar. Tujuan dari analisis gerak smash forehand yaitu untuk mengetahui tingkat ketepatan sasaran yang ditinjau dari prinsip-prinsip biomekanika. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan instrumen berupa sudut siku, sudut bahu, sudut sendi lutut, sudut pukulan dan tinggi titik pukulan yang dianalisis melalui software kinovea.Analisis menunjukan bahwa hal yang memengaruhi akurasi shuttlecock dalam pelaksanaan smash forehand yaitu adalah sudut pukulan yang tidak mendekati 90⁰, sudut siku lengan yang tidak terlalu besar berkisar ≥125⁰ dan mejaga kestabilan kuda-kuda sebelum melakukan smash dengan sudut sendi lutut yang lebih kecil. Faktor lain yang mempengaruhi yaitu tinggi titik pukulan dan lurus atau tidaknya tangan saat raket tumbukan dengan shuttlecock. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa analisis gerak smash forehand tingkat ketepatan pada atlet remaja dipengaruhi oleh faktor sudut siku, sudut pukulan dan kestabilan kuda-kuda pada saat melakukan gerakan smash.Faktor lain yang mempengaruhi yaitu tinggi titik pukulan dan lurus atau tidaknya tangan saat raket tumbukan dengan shuttlecock. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa analisis gerak smash forehand tingkat ketepatan pada atlet remaja dipengaruhi oleh faktor sudut siku, sudut pukulan dan kestabilan kuda-kuda pada saat melakukan gerakan smash.Faktor lain yang mempengaruhi yaitu tinggi titik pukulan dan lurus atau tidaknya tangan saat raket tumbukan dengan shuttlecock. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa analisis gerak smash forehand tingkat ketepatan pada atlet remaja dipengaruhi oleh faktor sudut siku, sudut pukulan dan kestabilan kuda-kuda pada saat melakukan gerakan smash.
Stimbiotic Supplementation Alleviates Poor Performance and Gut Integrity in Weaned Piglets Induced by Challenge with E. coli

Simple Summary Post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) caused the destruction of tight junction and epithelial cells, resulting in the increased gut permeability of pathogenic E.coli, and the reduction of the growth performance. Stimbiotic (STB), while generating specific Xylo-oligosaccharides and a positive effect on gut health, has been introduced as an antibiotics alternative. This study evaluated the effect in weaned piglets of experimentally induced PWD. Our results showed that the pigs were challenged by Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC). STB significantly increased the growth performance, immunity and intestinal health compared with the non-supplemented group. Therefore, STB can be used as an effective additive for weaned piglets. Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of stimbiotic (STB), a xylanase and xylo-oligosaccharide complex. A total of 36 male weaned pigs with initial body weights of 8.49 ± 0.10 kg were used in a 3-week experiment. The experiment was conducted in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement (six replicates/treatment) of treatments consisting of two levels of challenge (challenge and non-challenge) and three levels of STB (0, 0.5, and 1 g/kg diet). Supplementations STB 0.5 g/kg (STB5) and STB 1 g/kg (STB10) improved the G:F (p = 0.04) in piglets challenged with STEC. STB supplementation, which also decreased (p < 0.05) the white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6. Supplementations STB5 and STB10 improved (p < 0.01) the lymphocytes and neutrophils in piglets challenged with STEC on 14 dpi. Additionally, supplementations STB5 and STB10 improved (p < 0.01) the tumor necrosis factor-alpha in piglets challenged with STEC on 3 dpi. Supplementations STB5 and STB10 also improved the villus height-to-crypt depth ratio (p < 0.01) in piglets challenged with STEC. Supplementation with STB reduced (p < 0.05) the expression levels of calprotectin. In conclusion, STB could alleviate a decrease of the performance, immune response, and inflammatory response induced by the STEC challenge.
Metering Homes: Do Energy Efficiency and Privacy Need to Be in Conflict?

: The European directive on energy efﬁciency requires that all meters in multi-apartment buildings installed after 25 October 2020 shall be remotely readable devices where technically feasible and cost effective in terms of being proportionate in relation to the potential energy savings. We observed that some manufacturers produce meters that monitor energy consumption in very short intervals, for example, a minute, even though the directive expects to provide billing information to consumers only once a month starting from 2022. This paper reviews privacy and security risks stemming from the high-frequency readouts and provides recommendations for manufacturers and suppliers. The paper focuses on Wireless M-Bus metering devices sold and advertised as a solution to fulﬁl the directive on energy efﬁciency requirements. We responsibly disclosed four issues in the metering devices to Common Vulnerability Exposure database; real-world deployments are vulnerable. Many recommendations and observations are also applicable to other protocols or deployments.
Neuromuscular Junction Structural Charactaristics in Familial ALS Mice Model

Introduction: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that can cause motor neuron degeneration in the spinal cord and motor cortex. Although most cases of ALS are sporadic, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) mutations are responsible for 10%-20% of familial ALS. Objective: Studying neuromuscular junctions in various age groups to see how they vary in structure. Methods: From male hemizygous carriers (B6SJL-Tg (SOD1-G93A) 1Gur/J) and female B6SJL/F1 hybrids, female G93ASOD1 transgenic mice and age-matched wild-type (WT littermate partners, both were purchased from Jackson) laboratory. The animals were kept in an environment with controlled humidity and temperature, and 12:12h light was performed in a dark schedule, and sterile rodent food and sterile food were provided without specific pathogens. Results: WT and SOD1 are present in 40, 60, 90, 120 days of mice Inside the Tibialis anterior of G93ASOD1 mice (TA) and gastrocnemius (GN) construction. The neurofilament heavy polypeptide (tubulin, green) points to the presynaptic end. α-Bungarotoxins (BTX, white) mark the postsynaptic space, and synaptophysin (p38-1, red) is used for synaptic vesicles. In the following research we demonstrate that in 40 days of mice WT and SOD1 neither of them degraded while in 60 days of mice a slight denaturation occur in WT and SOD1 Further in 90 days of mice the degeneration is not serious about 60% to 70%. Furthermore, the deterioration in mice after 90 days is only 60-70 percent significant. Conclusion: NMJ inervation has appeared Disappearance, loss of motor axons, and huge structural damage to the NMJ at 60 and 90 days. Structural changes in presynaptic and postsynaptic structures and a gradual decrease in synaptic vesicles observe.
Effect of upstream semi-impervious blanket of embankment dams on seepage

Abstract A provision of impervious blanket is investigated aiming to reduce seepage and to increase embankment dam’s stability. The investigation generates sufficient data for typical 2D embankment dam cross-sections by numerically solving a wide range of configurations of a provision of upstream blanket. The generated data comprise the correlation between seepage and the various configuration parameters in terms of upstream blanket thickness and length, effects of anisotropy of bed material, foundation depth, and permeability. These data-sets were used to develop design charts, regression, and ANN models. Results showed that application of impervious of blanket in upstream of the earthen dam at appropriate length and thickness is effective in reducing seepage and thereby increasing dam stability. Performance of ANN was excellent in prediction of seepage.
User Modeling and Profiling in Information Systems: A Bibliometric Study and Future Research Directions

User modeling or user profiling is fundamental to manage information overload issues in many adaptive and personalized systems (e.g., recommender systems, personalized search engines, adaptive user interfaces). Although there are some literature review papers that provide an overview of existing studies in user modeling and their usage, there is currently a lack of bibliometric studies that can provide a systematic and quantitative overview of this research area. Therefore, this paper aims to complete the existing literature in this research area through a bibliometric study based on 52,027 relevant publications extracted from Scopus, a world-leading publisher-independent global citation database. The analyses enabled us to identify the most relevant publications, sources of publications, authors, institutions, countries, and their collaboration. We also identify and classify the twelve most important associated topics, along with their subtopics and their trends. Some identified weak signals in topic trend analysis also provide good ideas of potential future research directions.
Impact of Dietitian-Led Nutrition Therapy of Food Order on 5-Year Glycemic Control in Outpatients with Type 2 Diabetes at Primary Care Clinic: Retrospective Cohort Study

The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to evaluate the effect of 5-year follow-up of dietitian-led medical nutrition therapy (eating vegetables before carbohydrates) on glycemic control in outpatients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) at a primary care clinic. A total of 138 patients with dietitian-led medical nutrition therapy (intervention group) and 104 patients without dietitian-led nutrition therapy (control group) were compared for glycemic control, serum lipid, blood pressure, and diabetic complications for 5 years. Each patient in the intervention group received dietary education focused on food order (eating vegetables before carbohydrates) by dietitians. A significant improvement in HbA1c after 5 years in the intervention group [8.5 ± 1.7% (69 mmol/mol) to 7.6 ± 1.1% (59 mmol/mol), p < 0.001] was observed, whereas no change was observed in the control group [7.9 ± 1.2% (62 mmol/mol) to 8.0 ± 1.2% (63 mmol/mol)]. Dietary intake of protein, fat, carbohydrates, cholesterol, and salt in the intervention group demonstrated significant reduction, while the intake of dietary fiber significantly increased after the dietary education. Simple dietary education of ‘eating vegetables before carbohydrates’ presented by dietitians achieved good glycemic control after a 5-year period in outpatients with T2DM at primary care clinic.