Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Approach to Discover Similar Musical Patterns

An algorithm has been developed to find the similarity between given songs. The song pattern similarity has been determined by knowing the note structures and the fundamental frequencies of each note of the two songs, under consideration. The statistical concept namely Correlation of Coefficient is used in this work. Correlation of Coefficient is determined by applying 16 Note-Measure Method. If Correlation of Coefficient is near to 1, it indicates that the patterns of the two songs under consideration are similar. Otherwise, there exists a certain percentage of similarity only. This basic principle is used in a set of Indian Classical Music (ICM) based songs. The proposed algorithm can determine the similarity between songs, so that alternative songs in place of some well-known songs can be identified, in terms of the embedded raga patterns. A digital music library has been constructed as a part of this work. The library consists of different songs, their raga name, and their corresponding healing capabilities in terms of music therapy. The proposed work may find application in the area of music therapy. Music therapy is an area of research which is explored significantly in recent time. This work can also be exploited for developing intelligent multimedia tool that is applicable in healthcare domain. A multimedia based mobile app has been developed encapsulating the above mentioned idea that can recommend alternative or similar songs to the existing ICM based songs. This mobile app based music recommendation system may be used for different purposes including entertainment and healthcare. As a result of the applications of the proposed algorithm, similar songs in terms of raga patterns can be discovered from within the pool of a set of songs. A music recommendation system built on this algorithm can retrieve an alternative song from within the pool of songs as a replacement to a well-known song, which otherwise may be used for a particular music therapy. Results are reported and analyzed thoroughly. Future scope of the work is outlined.
Design of a Non-periodic Mushroom Antenna Using Bayesian Optimization

A broadband non-periodic mushroom antenna is designed via Bayesian optimization. By tuning the length and width of the 16 patches of a 4 $\times\ 4$ meta mate rial mushroom structure, the non-periodic mushroom antenna achieves a 23.95% fractional bandwidth $(\vert \mathrm{S}_{11}\vert<\text{-}10\ \text{dB})$, while keeping the gain variation small at boresight direction. Bayesian optimization is particularly suitable for design and optimization with a large number of design parameters, for example, 32 design parameters in this design, since the conventional exhaustive search becomes infeasible for such a large search space. The proposed antenna is prototyped and measured, with good agreement between the simulation and measurement achieved. The proposed antenna is able to operate in the widely deployed n78 band of 5G New Radio.
Measurements of IP3 and P1dB for Spectrum Monitoring with Software Defined Radios

This paper discusses methodology for characterizing linearity summary parameters of software-defined radio receivers. First, we introduce a highly automated testbed for 1-dB compression point (P1dB) and third-order input-intercept point (IIP3). With this system, we have observed some surprising deviations from the expected slope of 3 dB/dB in the power response of the third-order intermodulation distortion (IMD3). In response to this, we developed a measurement technique based on linear regression that accounts for the actual slope. A methodology study considers this technique in comparison with an existing technique for IIP3 measurements of spectrum monitoring receivers. In consideration for the increase in IMD3 model complexity, we also propose an alternative parameter to simplify the quantitative evaluation of spectral regrowth near the receiver noise floor. We argue that this equivalence point provides a designer with more valuable information than an IIP3 point for spectrum monitoring applications.
Design of Fully Planar Cost-Effective Metamaterial-Enhanced SIW Antennas for 5G Applications

We present fully planar, low-cost and easy to fabricate metamaterial-based mm-wave components for 5G and IoT Communications: A Complementary Split-Ring Resonator Substrate-Integrated Waveguide (CSRR-SIW) and a leaky wave slot antenna. The waveguide is optimized so as to operate at a wideband frequency window covering the lower 5G frequency band, with minimized losses. Subsequently, utilizing this structure as a waveguiding channel, a leaky wave slot antenna comprising of two slots of different dimensions is designed, by the proper etching of slots on the substrate, resulting to a broadband response at 27 GHz. Coaxial cable excitation perpendicular to the components' plane is applied, avoiding the design of complex in-plane matching circuits.
Facial Geometrical Features based Pain Assessment using KNN and Regression Tree Classifiers

Recent advancements in the field of computer vision and artificial intelligence (AI) have made it possible to detect pain based on facial reactions or changes. Several machine learning and deep learning techniques are employed to identify the pain and code the changes. In this paper, we analyze geometric features obtained from the mouth area using machine learning classifiers such as K Nearest Neighbor (KNN) Classifiers and Regression Trees for pain detection. Biovid Heat Pain database (Part A) was used to develop the proposed system for pain assessment. Pain videos (those without pain and those with high pain) are first divided into individual frames and a set of geometrical and statistical features are extracted. To classify pain, these features are provided to the KNN and RT classifiers. Accordingly, the KNN classifier outperformed the RT classifier at identifying pain from facial features. The most effective features for recognizing pain were geometrical features (area) and a combination of the area- and ratio-based features. The present study will therefore contribute greatly to the design and development of a methodology for the assessment of pain using facial features.
Can a mmWave 5G Handset have Quasi-Omnidirectional Coverage?

This paper presents three handset antenna array configurations when each array is 1×4, with a capability of multiple steering angles at an operating frequency of 28GHz. The purpose is to maximize the overall achievable directivity to provide quasi-omni-directional coverage to the handset in millimeter wave (mmWave) 5G frequency bands. Generally, radiation fields from a mmWave antenna suffer high and low directivity regions that severely impact the mmWave 5G service quality. The main objective of this paper is to investigate thoroughly and provide a practical yet simple solution to this problem and ensure close to 100% coverage of a mmWave 5G handset antenna. Antenna array design and investigation around a mobile handset are studied in MATLAB, where combined (resultant) radiation patterns have been numerically calculated as a response of different antenna positions. As commonly used, a standard patch antenna is considered as the handset antenna array unit-cell while cardioid radiation pattern of the single antenna is used for analysis. An overall directivity larger than 0 dB is targeted all around the handset. The result shows that more than 95% of the spherical region can be covered with as low as 6 or 7 steering angle states when used with the proposed antenna array architecture and placement. This investigation focuses only on the handset in free space, while the same investigative approach can be extended for other scenarios like handset in the hand, or handset close of the head, etc.
Dual-band Multi-Polarization Metallic Cavity Antenna Design for Satellite Communications

A highly reconfigurable dual band cavity structure for satellite communications at K/Ka band is proposed. The key of the presented structure lies on a compact dual stacked cavity system. By modifying the radius of each cavity and the dimensions of the feeding slot, both cavities have been matched at the center frequency of their respective band. Correctly enabling and phasing each input port allows to generate any desired polarization scheme. Cavity radius were carefully chosen to prevent any coupling of the K band cavity with the Ka band one. For demonstration purposes, this structure has been integrated with a Turrin horn antenna that operates as a multimode horn for the Ka band. Monomode operation at the lower band was ensured by limiting the horn aperture radius. In this configuration a directivity of 10.3/12.4dB in K/Ka band was achieved.
Low Radar Cross Section Dipole Antenna Integrated with Absorptive Frequency Selective Reflection Structure

In this paper, a low radar cross section (RCS) dipole antenna is proposed by using an absorptive frequency selective reflection (AFSR) structure as the ground plane. The proposed AFSR consists of a bandstop resonator integrated with a broadband absorber and exhibits a reflection notch within the absorption band. The reflection notch achieved in the AFSR structure coincides with the operating band of the dipole antenna. The performance parameter of the dipole antenna co-designed with the AFSR structure is nearly the same as obtained with a metallic reflector backed dipole. However, a significant out-of-band RCS reduction of more than 20 dB in the two side-bands on both sides of the operating band is achieved for the antenna co-designed with the AFSR structure compared to the antenna backed with metallic reflector. Furthermore, the AFSR backed dipole shows an increase in antenna gain by more than 1 dB compared to the reflector backed dipole.
An Embedded Dual-Band Base Station Antenna Array Employing Choked Bowl-Shaped Antenna for Cross-Band Scattering Mitigation

An embedded dual-band dual-polarized base station antenna (BSA) array is proposed in this paper. The array consists of two low-scattering bowl-shaped antenna elements working at the lower band (LB) and five cross-dipoles operating at the higher band (HB). Such an array configuration is intended to mitigate the negative effect on the HB antennas' radiation pattern caused by the presence of adjacent LB antennas. In this paper, a new LB antenna loaded with metal chokes is proposed to further reduce its scattering to the HB radiation. The results obtained with conventional bowl-shaped LB antenna and with choked LB antenna are compared to demonstrate the superiority of this de-scattering method. The simulation results show that the HB performance is significantly improved with the help of metal chokes while the LB performance remains nearly unchanged.
Challenges in Teaching Assembly Language Programming – Desired Prerequisites vs. Students’ Initial Knowledge

The authors present challenges in the teaching of assembly language programming within a Computer Architecture course that they hold on a professionally-oriented three-year study of Electrical Engineering. The premature position of the course within the curriculum and generally low initial knowledge of the enrolled students required the introduction of preparatory classes in digital arithmetic, which are discussed. The conducted surveys show that students largely support those classes and recognize the importance of formal teaching. At the same time, most of them highly overrate their initial knowledge in that area, as was proven by the poor test results. Students mostly agree that they didn’t exert enough effort and that this is the main reason for failing the test and having problems in assembly language programming later on. The authors conclude the paper with the proposal of a new course in the fundamentals of computer science at the beginning of the study, and some other prospects for the future work.
Cross-border mergers and acquisitions of science-based firms: Their effect on innovation in the acquired firm and the local science and technology system

This paper asks what happens to the technological resources and assets of host country science-based firms when they are acquired by foreign firms. Drawing on a multiple case study research design and interviews with UK biopharmaceutical firms and on patent data, the paper derives different patterns of knowledge base combinations through acquisition that have different outcomes in terms of innovation. These patterns are based on combinations of two factors: the complementarity or similarity of the technology, and the complementarity or similarity of the discovery and development capabilities of the target and acquiring firm. These combinations have clear differential outcomes in terms of investment in the acquired firm? s technology and important effects for the local science and technology system.
Early Empirical Anidulafungin Reduces the Prevalence of Invasive Candidiasis in Critically Ill Patients: A Case-control Study

Abstract Introduction Invasive candidiasis (IC) in critically ill patients is a serious infection with high rate of mortality. As an empirical therapy, like antibiotics, the use of antifungals is not common in intensive care units (ICUs) worldwide. The empirical use of echinocandins including anidulafungin is a recent trend. Aim of the study The objective of this study was to assess the impact of empirical anidulafungin in the development of invasive candidiasis in critically ill patients in ICU. Methods This retrospective case-control study was conducted on 149 patients with sepsis with/without septic shock and bacterial pneumonia. All the patients were divided into two groups. The ‘control group’ termed as ‘NEAT group’ received no empirical anidulafungin therapy and the ‘treated group’ termed as ‘EAT group’ received empirical anidulafungin therapy in early hospitalization hours. Results Seventy-two and 77 patients were divided into the control and the treated group, respectively. Patients in EAT group showed less incidences of IC (5.19%) than that of the NEAT group (29.17%) (p = 0.001). Here, the relative risk (RR) was 0.175 (95% CI, 0.064-0.493) and the risk difference (RD) rate was 24% (95% CI, 12.36%-35.58%). The 30-day all-cause mortality rate in NEAT group was higher (19.44%) than that of in EAT group (10.39%) (p = 0.04). Within the first 10-ICU-day, patients in the EAT group left ICU in higher rate (62.34%) than that in the NEAT group (54.17%). Conclusion Early empirical anidulafungin within 6 h of ICU admission reduced the risk of invasive candidiasis, 30-day all-cause mortality rate and increased ICU leaving rate within 10-day of ICU admission in critically ill patients.
Visualization of Students’ Solutions as a Sequential Network

It is known that timely and personalized feedback is vital to the learning process, and because of increasing enrollment, instructors can find it harder to provide that feedback. Learning analytics presents a solution to this problem. The growth in popularity of online education systems better enables learning analytics by providing additional educational data. This work focuses on the analysis of students’ incorrect short answers and their pathways to correct solutions. By considering student submissions as sequences, this work uses a dimension called “distance” which can be used to predict how far off a student’s incorrect answer is from a correct one. This distance metric can be used for recognizing students who may need help, understanding which concepts students struggle with, evaluating assessment questions, and improving multiple-choice answers.This paper discusses the methods, relevant learning scenarios, and applications of the learning analytics system. It features the results and analysis of a usability test conducted on 56 faculty members.
Efficient Design of H-Plane SIW Horn Antenna Array at mmWaves

This paper presents an efficient design of an SIW horn antenna array for the upper part of the Ka-band. The array is formed by a corporate network in substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology, which feeds eight SIW horn. Impedance matching between each SIW horn and the free space is carried out by using a SIW-to-air transition that efficiently matches with the rest of the antenna elements. The array feed is based on an end launch connector over grounded coplanar-waveguide (GCPW) technology that makes an efficient transition to SIW. The corporate network has two-by-two electromagnetic (EM) field splitting levels through the use of H-plane T-splitters and waveguide bends. Thus, an in-phase and equal power symmetrical array structure is achieved from 34 GHz to 41 GHz (18.6% of bandwidth). The simulated results present a high stable gain of 14 dBi in the H-plane along the whole frequency range.
Changes in Surface Water Bodies Associated With Madoi (China) Mw 7.3 Earthquake of May 21, 2021 Using Sentinel-1 Data

On May 21, 2021 (UTC), an Mw 7.3 earthquake occurred in Madoi County of Qinghai Province (China). There was no damage to buildings or loss of life; however, surface manifestation was observed in the epicentral areas. The analysis of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and ground observation data shows changes in the section of the Yellow River and some lakes within the epicentral region associated with this strong earthquake. The changes in radar backscattering coefficient (BC) in water bodies are observed attributed to turbidity from the intense shaking of the earthquake. The liquefaction locations observed in the field within the epicentral region, which is also supported by the changes in the BC derived from Sentinel-1 data.
Personalized e-learning recommender system based on a hybrid approach

In recent years, the development of recommendation systems has aroused growing interest in many areas, especially in e-learning. However, the lack of support and personalization in this context leads the learners to lose their motivation to continue in the learning process. To overcome this problem, we focus on adapting learning resources to the needs of learners using a recommender system. Thus, most of the existing studies in this area don’t take into account the differences in the characteristics of learners. This problem can be mitigated by incorporating additional learner information into the recommendation process. Additionally, many recommender techniques experience cold start and rating sparsity issues. This article presents our proposed recommendation system in order to provide learners with appropriate learning resources to follow the learning process and maintain their motivation. We propose hybrid recommender system that combines recommendation techniques to solve the problem of retrieving relevant learning resources for learners and that can alleviate both the cold-start and data sparsity problems. Using this hybridization between different techniques is useful in the personalization of the learner’s profile. We consider different learner characteristics such as their preferences, their goal, and their level of knowledge, hence resulting in the generation of more accurate recommendations.
Neuromorphic Computing with Fe-FinFETs in the Presence of Variation

This paper reports a comprehensive study on the impacts of process variation on the inference accuracy of pre-trained all-ferroelectric (Fe) FinFET deep neural networks. Multiple-level-cell (MLC) operation with a novel adaptive-program-and-read algorithm with 100ns write pulse has been experimentally demonstrated in 5 nm thick hafnium zirconium oxide (HZO)-based FE-FinFET. With pre-trained neural network (NN) with 97.5% inference accuracy on MNIST dataset as baseline, device to device variation is shown to have negligible impact. Flicker noise characterization at various bias conditions depicts that drain current fluctuation is less than 0.7% with virtually no inference accuracy degradation.
Localizing Targets via Properly-Synthesized Orbital Angular Momentum Vortices

As an alternative to delta and delta-square patterns usually exploited in the receive mode for the localization of targets, we propose herein to use ‘orbital angular momentum’ (OAM) antennas. By so doing, it is possible to effectively generate a single isolated null of the pattern rather than a whole row (and/or column) of zeroes in the spectral plane, so that a better localization can be achieved. General considerations are first given showing that the 1 (or −1) OAM vortex order is the best-suited one for such a goal. Then, a Convex Programming synthesis procedure maximizing the localization performance by relying on OAM vortices is given and tested.
Systematic Analysis of Microwave Breast Imaging Detection of Different-Sized Malignant and Benign Tumors

Microwave Imaging (MWI) has been explored as an alternative to conventional breast tumor screening methods. It is acknowledged that benign and malignant tumors can be distinguishable by their architectural features: benign tumors are often round with well-defined margin, while malignant tumors have an ill-defined margin and are micro-lobulated or spiculated. We present a MWI-based systematic analysis of malignant and benign breast tumors of different sizes, to evaluate if its characteristics allow differentiating the images. To this end, we performed measurements on a dry MW setup, using a slot-based antenna in the 2–5 GHz frequency range to scan an anthropomorphic breast phantom. We placed inside eight malignant and benign tumors with 3, 4,… 10 mm average radius, one at a time. This study shows that both types of tumors can be detected, but not distinguishable only via MWI. Smaller tumors become harder to detect, the 3 mm tumor being unreliably caught.
A Huygens' Principle Based Ray Tracing Method for Diffraction Calculation

In conventional ray tracing methods, diffraction calculations for wedges are typically based on the uniform theory of diffraction (UTD). However, UTD is both inaccurate and computationally expensive in the calculation of multiple diffractions. In order to mitigate these shortcomings, a Huygens' principle based method is proposed as an alternative or extension to the conventional UTD. This method captures rays on properly chosen Huygens' surfaces and creates equivalent emitters for subsequent secondary ray launches based on the captured rays. Despite the extra effort of creating a Huygens' surface, compared with UTD, this method has considerably improved flexibility in handling complex geometrical shapes and it preserves the accuracy over multiple diffractions. Furthermore, by properly choosing the Huygens' surface and equivalent emitters, both computational complexity and accuracy can be controlled.
Low Cost Active Phased Array with Switchable Circular Polarization in Ka Band for SATCOM Application

This article presents the design and development of a switchable circular phased array antenna in reception for SATCOM polarization in frequencies from 17.7 GHz to 20.2 GHz. The design of the radiating element consists of a double patch with a hybrid couple to generate polarization LHCP/RHCP. The Xphased RFIC chip provides the phases for the sequential rotation to improve the axial ratio and phases for beam steering, in addition to switching the two polarizations. This array is upgradable to larger arrays to provide higher gain for SATCOM applications. In this paper, we will present the design of the radiating element, the design of subarray 2×2 and the characterization of the MMIC chip separately for subsequent integration.