Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multi-Criteria Optimization of Energy-Efficient Cementitious Sandwich Panels Building Systems Using Genetic Algorithm

This paper presents results of a study that focuses on developing a genetic algorithm (GA) for multi-criteria optimization of orthotropic, energy-efficient cementitious composite sandwich panels (CSP). The current design concept of all commercially produced CSP systems is based on the assumption that such panels are treated as doubly reinforced sections without the consideration of the three-dimensional truss contribution of the orthotropic panel system. This leads to uneconomical design and underestimating both the strength and stiffness of such system. In this study, two of the most common types of commercially produced sandwich were evaluated both numerically and experimentally and results were used as basis for developing a genetic algorithm optimization process using numerical modeling simulations. In order to develop a sandwich panel with high structural performance, design optimization techniques are needed to achieve higher composite action, while maintaining the favorable features of such panels such as lightweight and high thermal insulation. The study involves both linear and nonlinear finite element analyses and parametric optimization. The verification and calibration of the numerical models is based on full-scale experimental results that were performed on two types of commercially produced sandwich panels under different loading scenarios. The genetic algorithm technique is used for optimization to identify an optimum design of the cementitious composite sandwich panels. The GA technique combines Darwin’s principle of survival of fittest and a structured information exchange using randomized crossover operators to evolve an optimum design for the cementitious sandwich panel. Parameters evaluated in the study include: (i) shear connectors’ geometry, its volume fraction and distribution; (ii) exterior cementitious face sheets thickness and (iii) size and geometry steel wires reinforcements. The proposed optimization method succeeded in reducing cost of materials of CSP by about 48% using genetic algorithm methodology. In addition, an optimized design for CSP is proposed that resulted in increasing the panel’s thermal resistance by 40% as compared to existing panels, while meeting ACI Code structural design criteria. Pareto-optimal front and Pareto-optimal solutions have been identified. Correlation between the design variables is also verified and design recommendation are proposed.
KUALITAS KARAGINAN HASIL EKSTRAKSI DARI RUMPUT LAUT Halymenia durvillaei ALAMI DAN HASIL BUDIDAYA MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT AIR PANAS DENGAN BERBAGAI TINGKATAN SUHU

Halymenia durvillaei merupakan salah satu rumput laut merah yang dapat menghasilkan karaginan. Rumput laut sebagai bahan baku karaginan dan faktor ekstraksi menentukan mutu karaginan yang akan dihasilkan. Bahan baku berupa rumput laut H. durvillaei dapat berasal dari alam maupun dari hasil budidaya, keduanya mungkin menghasilkan karakteristik karaginan yang berbeda. Suhu merupakan salah satu faktor penting dalam ekstraksi. Suhu ekstraksi dapat mempengaruhi besar rendemen karaginan yang didapat serta karakteristiknya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah H. durvillaei alami dan hasil budidaya dapat menghasilkan karaginan yang memenuhi standar rendemen dari SNI dan kualitas sesuai FAO serta suhu ekstraksi terbaik yang dapat digunakan dalam proses ekstraksi karaginan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode ekperimental dengan rencangan acak lengkap faktorial sebagai rancangan percobaan. Faktor percobaan terdapat dua macam yaitu rumput laut H. durvillaei dengan variasi rumput laut alami dan budidaya serta suhu ekstraksi dengan variasi 105˚C, 110˚C dan 115˚C dengan tiga kali ulangan. Parameter utama yang diamati adalah rendemen, viskositas dan gel strength karaginan. Parameter pendukung yang diamati adalah kadar air, kadar abukaraginan dan spektrofotometri FTIR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rumput laut H. durvillaei budidaya dan alami dapat menghasilkan karaginan sesuai dengan standar rendemen dari SNI dan kualitas yang ditetapkan FAO yaitu memiliki rendemen 24,13-41,35%, viskositas 196,67-265,67cP, kadar air 8,4-11% dan kadar abu 18,53-21,13%. Suhu terbaik yang dapat digunakan untuk menghasilkan rendemen tertinggi pada H. durvillaei hasil budidaya adalah 115oC dan 110oC pada H. durvillaei alami. Suhu terbaik untuk menghasilkan karaginan dengan viskositas tertinggi adalah 105oC.
Hierarchical Porous α-Fe2O3 Formation by Thermal Oxidation of Iron as Catalyst for Cr(Vi) Reduction

α-Fe2O3 is a semiconductor photocatalyst that can adsorb and reduce heavy metal ions from contaminated water. Here, hierarchical porous structured α-Fe2O3 was synthesised by thermal oxidation of iron wire at 400 °C – 700 °C in the presence of water vapour for 1 hour. The mechanism of formation of the iron oxide nanowires is proposed to follow stress-driven mechanism and when the nanowires merged, nanoblades resulted hierarchical porous structure. Field emission electron microscope (FESEM) images of the oxidized iron had shown the formation of surface oxide comprising of a hierarchical porous structures. High resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) and Raman spectroscopy results confirmed that the iron oxide is consisted of α-Fe2O3 in the surface whereas Fe3O4 and FeO are in the inner layer. The oxides were immersed in Cr(VI) solution and illuminated under sunlight to produce reducing electrons. The highest reduction precentage of Cr(VI) at pH 2 on the hierarchical porous structure is 80.78% for synthesized sample at 500 °C. It may be due to the higher surface area of the porous hierarchical structure which provide more catalytic reaction sites hence improving the photocatalytic activity.
Optimisation of Cinnamaldehyde-in-water Nanoemulsion Formulation using Central Composite Rotatable Design

Thirteen formulations of cinnamaldehyde/non-ionic surfactant/water system nanoemulsions were prepared using high-pressure homogenisation. The result showed that varying the cinnamaldehyde/surfactant ratio had effect significantly (p 0.05) to viscosity. The mean droplet diameter ranged from 50.48 to 106.4 nm, polydispersity index from 0.06 to 0.28 and ζ-potential from -4.11 to -6.98 mV. The smallest droplet size was produced using 5% cinnamaldehyde and 5% Tween 80. Response surface for droplet diameter showed that the higher the cinnamaldehyde and surfactant concentrations, the larger the droplet diameter, polydispersity index and whiteness index. However, the ζ-potential increased as the cinnamaldehyde concentration decreased and Tween 80 increased. Increasing the cinnamaldehyde concentration led to an increase in turbidity. Formulation of 5% cinnamaldehyde and 6.23% Tween 80 gave no observable separation of the nanoemulsion with minimum droplet size, polidispersity index, viscosity, turbidity, whiteness index and maximum ζ-potential in modulus. The stability of the optimum formulation was sustained for 10 days upon storage at 4°C. The values of droplet diameter, PDI and ζ-potential were 55.50 nm, 0.08 and -5.38 mV, respectively.
Rutile TiO2 Bulk Structural and Vibrational Properties: A DFT Study on the Importance of Pseudopotentials

Using first-principal density functional theory (DFT) we explained the importance of pseudopotential for decribing the electronic and vibrational properties of rutile TiO2 (R-TiO2). Calculations were performed using the generalized gradient approximation (GGA), local density approximation (LDA) and hybrid functional (HSE), with normconserving, ultrasoft and projector augmented wave (PAW) pseudopotential. The choice of an appropriate exchange-correlation functionals and the pseudopotential within DFT is critical to explain the different properties of R-TiO2. We found that the lattice parameters predicted by the norm-conserving pseudopotential and GGA are in excellent agreement with experimental data. Our studies reveal that norm-conserving pseudopotentials with GGA exchange-correlations provide much improvement for the prediction of the electronic properties of TiO2. We observed that, using LDA and ultrasoft pseudopotential is an excellent combination to describe the vibrational properties of R-TiO2. Furthermore, we observed the temperature dependent asymmetric nature of vibrational modes due to changes of bond lengths and different lattice vibrations.
Effect of Temperature and Particle Size on Beech Biomass Agglomerates

Agglomeration of biomass such as tableting can increase bulk density, improve storability, reduce transportation costs, and increase the quality of products. The aim of this article is to analyze the effects of temperature and particle size on beech biomass and also to find the optimal conditions of the densification process for producing tablet with high density. Beech biomass was compressed in load cell by hydraulic piston press with 25 mm diameter. Effects of independent variables, including temperature (20°C to 100°C), and particle size of raw material (1 mm and 2 mm) were investigated. Results showed that on the same pressure, increasing temperature resulted in higher density of tablet. Increasing the temperature over 40°C resulted only a minimal density growth. Whereas, tablets made from raw material with smaller particle size have lower strength than tablets made from material with larger particle size.
Consuming memes during the COVID pandemic: Effects of memes and meme type on COVID-related stress and coping efficacy.

As COVID-19 quickly spread across the globe, social media memes (i.e., typically humorous or cute images related to popular culture) about life in a pandemic also spread across the Internet. We conducted a between-subjects online experiment (N = 748) to assess how viewing memes during this pandemic era may influence audiences' stress and coping. In terms of psychological responses, we found that meme viewing (vs. nonmeme content) was associated with stronger cuteness responses, higher levels of reported humor, more positive emotions, and lower levels of information processing. However, meme viewing was not associated with state anxiety, COVID-19-related stress, or COVID-19-related coping efficacy. Furthermore, because memes generated positive emotions that were in turn related to increased COVID-19 coping efficacy, a path analysis found that viewing memes, as compared with nonmeme content, indirectly increased COVID-19 coping efficacy. Looking at the effects of meme type, we found that memes featuring animals were rated as cuter than memes with humans, though the former engendered lower information processing and predicted lower coping efficacy than did human memes. Cuteness responses, generally, were associated with decreased coping efficacy. In contrast, meme captions related to COVID-19 were related to deeper information processing and lower levels of COVID-19-related stress than were captions unrelated to COVID-19. Information processing was, in turn, associated with increased coping efficacy. This research demonstrates that memes, particularly those that relate to a highly stressful context, may help support efforts to cope with the stressor. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) Impact Statement Compared with viewing other media content, viewing memes resulted in Internet users experiencing greater humor and positive emotions. When Internet users viewed memes with captions focused on COVID-19, they reported lower COVID-19-related stress levels than if they viewed memes focused on other topics, suggesting that tackling a stressor directly with humorous popular media content can benefit our emotional state and stress levels. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)
Starting points for the restoration of desertified drylands: puesteros’ cultural values in the use of native flora

ABSTRACT In rural dryland areas, the socioeconomic diagnosis of the population and their traditional knowledge of the flora are key to restoration. In this study, we asked rural people (locally called “puesteros”) about their knowledge of the native flora, in a settlement of 160 inhabitants, located in drylands of Argentine. For this, semi-structured surveys and open interviews were carried out with 30 puesteros. The surveys collected information about the puesteros’ socio-economic characteristics, their knowledge and value about the use of species, and their interest in planting those species in their farms. Once the list of multipurpose species was obtained, we reviewed the scientific literature to know some of their favorable ecological attributes. The interviews were carried out to know the limitations and advantages associated with planting native species in the puesteros’ home gardens. Our results show that 33% of the people surveyed were illiterate, and their primary economic source of income was livestock. In the surveys, the puesteros mentioned 44 multipurpose species, which were classified by their uses. 97% of respondents expressed interest in planting on their farms and mentioned 21 potentially useful species. Of the 44 multipurpose species mentioned by the puesteros, we found that 22 had ecological attributes for restoration. In the interviews, the puesteros identified the factors that limited and favored plantations. They had already planted 44 species in their home gardens for different purposes. The implications of current local knowledge for future socio-ecological approaches to productive restoration in drylands are discussed.
Infant Supplement Quality Evaluation by Inductively Coupled Plasma – Mass Spectrometry, Gas Chromatography, and Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry

Abstract There is a growing interest by both consumers and industry in the development of food products with functional properties or health benefits. These food supplements are especially important for infants; thus their safety must be guaranteed. However, the use of different raw materials, process technologies, and storage technologies may impact food quality and safety in undesirable ways. The purpose of this work was to investigate commercially available infant food supplements targeting: (1) content of macro/micro nutrients and toxic metals; (2) volatile organic compounds that contribute to flavor and aroma composition of food; (3) content of fatty acids; and (4) δ13C to determine the origin of the raw material for these products. These were performed in order to evaluate their quality with respect to nutraceutical value and safety. Different chemometric methods were used for the statistical interpretation of the data including analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson correlation, principal component analysis (PCA), and linear discriminant analysis (LDA).
ENSO
 and
 PDO
 related interannual variability in the north and east‐central part of the Bolivian Altiplano in South America

Previous studies in this region focused on interannual and interdecadal precipitation variability during Dec – Feb (summer), relating the El Niño (EN) phase to droughts. Many studies examine this variability over different parts of the Altiplano, and mountainous terrain is well-known for producing complex climate signals as well as variability over relatively small regions. Studies that have examined climate variability over the Altiplano suggest that the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influence is complex. The monthly precipitation, maximum and minimum temperature from 1979 to 2017 are used to examine how ENSO and PDO (Pacific decadal oscillation) influence climate conditions. Power spectra analysis determined the periodicities, and analysis of variance was applied to standardized anomalies of the three variables to evaluate PDO and ENSO as variance factors. Frequency distributions were calculated by PDO and ENSO phases, and the differences were tested using the Chi-square test. Our results suggest a PDO and ENSO influence, displaying more dry anomalies during DJF for EN/PDO( + ), in agreement with a northward position of the Bolivian high. More wet anomalies during SON (Sep – Oct – Nov) in Neutral (NEU)/PDO( + ) due to an upper-level weak westerly flow during PDO( + ). For maximum temperature, a reduction in
UJI AKTIVITAS EKSTRAK BUAS-BUAS (PREMNA SERRATIFOLIA LINN) SEBAGAI ANTI KOLESTEROL SECARA IN VITRO

ABSTRACT Premna Serratifolia Linn is believed to reduce cholesterol and as an alternative herbal medicine solution among the cost of medicine and the side effects caused by synthetic drugs. This study was conducted in several phases by using Premna Serratifolia Linn which was drained, mashed, and macerated using ethanol, choloform, and n-heksane. Extract obtained from evaporation, then whighed, and stored in a desiccators. Anti-cholesterol activity was tested test by using in vitro : began with determination of the maximum wavelength of the cholesterol standard solution with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer and continued by manufacturing the standard curve with the cholesterol concentration of 0.5; 0.75; 1; 1.25; and 1.5 mL and 1000 ppm cholesterol solution. Furthermore, maximum absorbance wavelength was measured in order to obtain the maximum wavelength of the cholesterol. The study reveled that the solvent extraction of ethanol produced the largest rendement. The extract Premna Serratifolia Linn is functioned as an anti-cholesterol. In addition, the absorbed reduction of 100 ppm cholesterol standard solution found in the addition of 0.5 mL choloform extract. Keywords: Anti-cholesterol, Premna Serratifolia Linn, In Vitro
A novel fluorescent probe for Hg2+ detection in a wide pH range and its application in living cell imaging

A novel fluorescent probe (XL-1) exhibited over 50-fold enhanced fluorescence in the presence of Hg2+ and no interference could be produced by other metal ions, anions and amino acids. The recognition mechanism was confirmed by NMR and HRMS. The most attractive point was that XL-1 could maintain a stable detection performance for Hg2+ in a wide pH range from 3.0 to 11.0, indicating that it is an effective tool for Hg2+ detection in different acid–base environments. Furthermore, the confocal fluorescence images demonstrated that XL-1 could be used for monitoring Hg2+ in living cells.
Efficient Recovery of Silver from Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells by Controlling the Viscosity of Electrolyte Solvent in an Electrochemical Process

We present electrowinning of silver (Ag) from crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells using a solution of methanesulfonic acid (MSA) as the electrolyte. Ag dissolved effectively in MSA because of its high solubility in MSA; however, the electrochemical recovery of Ag from MSA solutions was found to be inefficient because of the low mobility of Ag ions in MSA, owing to its high viscosity. Therefore, we decreased the viscosity of MSA by adding deionized (DI) water, as a possible method for enhancing the mobility of Ag ions. The concentrations of added DI water were 0, 1.1, 5.0, 9.3, and 20.8 M, respectively. Further, we performed cyclic voltammetry for each solution to calculate the diffusion coefficient using the Randles–Sevcik equation, and analyzed the viscosity of MSA solutions depending on the concentration of added water using a rheometer. The morphologies of the electrochemically recovered Ag particles changed with variations in the amount of the added water, from branch-like structures to dendritic structures with a decreasing size. Moreover, the cathodic current efficiency increased considerably with increasing concentration of the added DI water. Finally, we recovered Ag with >99.9% (3N) purity from c-Si solar cells by electrowinning, as determined by glow discharge mass spectrometry.
Comprehensive vertical accuracy analysis of freely available DEMs for different landscape types of the Rur catchment, Germany

Abstract This study evaluates the vertical accuracy of nine freely available digital elevation models (DEMs) with a medium spatial resolution for a typical mid-latitude flat to hilly landscape in the Rur catchment in Germany. All datasets were evaluated with two reference datasets, a 1 m DEM and a highly precise set of elevation control points. The accuracy was evaluated with regard to different slopes, landforms and land use. The results reveal in flat areas an average error of 2–4 m which increases about two to three times in undulated terrain. Areas with dense tree cover show a mean error of 6–10 m. The highest accuracies were achieved by the SRTM DEM, followed by other DEMs that mainly implemented SRTM data. TanDEM-X and Copernicus DEM showed ambivalent results showing a higher ratio of existing errors in the elevation product for vegetation and water areas that prevent a higher overall accuracy of these DEMs.
Experimental demonstration of advanced service management in SDN/NFV fronthaul

We demonstrate two advanced services deployed in a novel SDN/NFV optical fronthaul network combining analog radio over ﬁber (ARoF) and power over ﬁber (PoF); vertical service management for virtual content delivery networks (vCDNs), and user mobility and remote optical power management for femto cells
Associated factors for celiac disease, and utility of tissue transglutaminase antibody tests for diagnosis: a matched case-control study

Background Prevalence of Celiac disease (CD) increased worldwide in recent decades. Approximately 53% of the 33.4 million Saudi population are genetically susceptible and 1.5% develop CD. This underscores the importance of identification of factors associated with CD and the diagnostic accuracy of CD screening tests. Methods In this case-control study records of patients managed between January 2016 and July 2019 at Gastroenterology Department, King Abdul-Aziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia were reviewed. CD cases with confirmed intestinal biopsy were matched (1:1) by age with biopsy negative controls free of CD. Area under the curve (AUC) for anti-tissue transglutaminase IgA (TTG-IgA) and IgG (TTG-IgG) CD diagnostic tests were calculated and compared. Results The study included 270 cases and 270 controls. Sex distribution was similar in both groups. In a stepwise conditional logistic regression analysis, factors significantly associated with CD were family history (odds ratio (OR)=7.76, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.26-26.63, P=0.001), Helicobacter pylori infection (OR=1.72, 95% CI: 1.10-2.71, P=0.018), diabetes mellitus (OR=3.37, 95% CI: 1.68-6.74, P=0.001), hypothyroidism (OR=2.46, 95% CI: 1.15-5.28, P=0.02) and respiratory infections (OR=4.89,95% CI 2.26-10.56, P<0.001). AUC for TTG-IgA test was 0.934 and for TTG-IgG was 0.787, P<0.001. The optimal cut-off for TTG-IgA was >=12.7 U/ml, with 89% sensitivity and 86% specificity, and for TTG-IgG was >=3.5 U/ml, with 70% sensitivity and 77% specificity.Conclusion The findings of this study can inform strategies for CD screening and prevention. Public awareness campaigns for CD are urgently needed, particularly, for high-risk groups.
Survival and Grades vs. Costs and Values of Nivolumab in Cancer; The Impact of PD-L1 Positivity

Nivolumab (Nivo) is a fully human IgG4 Immune Checkpoint Antibody (ICPA) which disrupts the PD-1 signaling and may restore antitumor immunity. It is widely used throughout the United States (US) to treat various types of cancer. Nivolumab, in view of its safety has essentially replaced docetaxel in 2nd-line treatment of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC).