Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Active Streams Approach to Adaptive Distributed Systems

The explosive growth of the Internet, with the emergence of new networking technologies and the increasing number of network-capable end devices, is paving the way for a number of novel distributed applications and services. Cooperative distributed systems have become a common computing model, and pervasive computing has caught the interest of academia and industry. In the high-performance community, for example, distributed scientific collaboration projects [9, 8] aim to create environments where geographically dispersed communities of scientists cooperate to perform experiments on remote instruments and to share and discuss their findings. The growing importance of pervasive computing [12], with its goal of providing access to information anywhere/anytime through an invisible computing infrastructure, is reflected in the number of major academic research endeavors [10, 4, 3] and the increasing interest from industry [6, 7]. The realization of these types of applications is complicated by the characteristics of their target environments, including their heterogeneous nature as well as the dynamically varying demands on and availability of their resources. Dynamic variations in resource usage are due to applications’ data dependencies and/or users’ dynamic behaviors, while the run-time variation in resource availability is a consequence of failures, resource additions or removals, and most importantly, contention for shared resources. To support future network applications, we believe that new services need to be customizable, applications need to be dynamically extensible, and both applications and services should be able to adapt to variations in resource availability and demand. A comprehensive approach to building new distributed applications can facilitate this by considering the contents of the information flowing across the application and its services and by adopting a component-based model to application/service programming. It should provide for dynamic adaptation at multiple levels and points in the underlying platform; and, since the mapping of components to resources in dynamic environment is too complicated, it should relieve programmers of this task. In this paIntermediate node Client 1 Server B A C .
INTERSCALENE BRACHIAL PLEXUS BLOCK: COMPARISON OF EFFICACY OF VARYING DOSES OF DEXAMETHASONE COMBINED WITH LEVOBUPIVACAINE: A DOUBLE-BLIND RANDOMISED TRAIL.

INTRODUCTION: To compare the effects of adding two different doses of dexamethasone on the duration and quality of interscalene block in patients undergoing shoulder surgery. METHODOLOGY: A total of 90 patients(age 18-65years) undergoing shoulder surgery under interscalene block were assigned randomly to one of three groups: Control Group-C received injection levobupivacaine (0.5%), 35ml plus 2 ml normal saline Group-L received injection levobupivacaine (0.5%) 35 ml plus dexamethasone 4 mg plus 1 ml normal saline and; Group H received injection levobupivacaine (0.5%) 35 ml plus dexamethasone 8 mg. Assessment of motor and sensory blockade, pulse, systolic blood pressure, respiration and side effects were noted every 5 minutes for first 30 minute and every 10 minute till the end of surgery. Postoperative analgesia was assessed using the numeric rating scores (NRS). RESULTS: The duration of analgesia was significantly prolonged in both Group L (19.2 ± 2.6 h) and Group H (21.3 ± 1.7 h) compared with Group C (11.6 ± 1.1 h) (p<0.05). Similarly, the duration of motor block was longer in both Group L (26.6 ± 2.8 h), and Group H (28.4 ± 2.2 h) compared to Group C (18.6 ± 3.1 h) (p<0.05). Postoperative analgesic consumption for the first 48 hours was significantly lower in Group L (6.5 (4-8) tabs) and in Group H (5.5 (4-7) tabs) vs. 9.5 (8-12) tabs in Group C (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: The addition of dexamethasone to levobupivacaine significantly prolonged the duration of the motor block and improved the quality of analgesia following interscalene block. There was no difference in the duration of analgesia and motor block between low-dose and high-dose dexamethasone.
Geology, geochronology, and potential volcanic hazards in the Lava Ridge-Hells Half Acre area, eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho

The evaluation of volcanic hazards for the proposed Safety Test Reactor Facility (STF) at the Argonne National Laboratory-West (ANLW) site, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL), Idaho, involves an analysis of the geology of the Lava Ridge-Hells Half Acre area and of K-Ar age determinations on lava flows in cored drill holes. The ANLW site at INEL lies in a shallow topographic depression bounded on the east and south by volcanic rift zones that are the locus of past shield-type basalt volcanism and by rhyolite domes erupted along the ring fracture of an inferred rhyolite caldera. The K-Ar age data indicate that the ANLW site has been flooded by basalt lava flows at irregular intervals from perhaps a few thousand years to as much as 300,000-400,000 years, with an average recurrence interval between flows of approximately 80,000-100,000 years. At least five major lava flows have covered the ANLW site within the past 500,000 years.
Intelligence and Security Informatics for International Security: Information Sharing and Data Mining

On September 11, 2001 the World became completely cognizant of the security challenges it faces on an international scale. With this awareness a commitment has come from the scientific, engineering, and health communities to help meet the world meet an array of security challenges. From these activities the science of "Intelligence and Security Informatics," is emerging, which will influence a new generation of policy makers, practitioners, researchers, and students. INTELLIGENCE AND SECURITY INFORMATICS FOR INTERNATIONAL SECURITY: InformationSharing and Data Mining presents a systematic national security research framework, and within this context, the book discusses IT technical components, and directions. The book synthesizes the research in the field, focusing on information integration and data mining in particular. Integrated in the discussion are a number of real-world case studies illustrating how security technologies are developed and how they can be applied in critical law enforcement, emergency response, intelligence analysis, and terrorism contexts. The book reflects a decade of leading-edge research on intelligence and security informatics from the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and the NSF COPLINK Center for Homeland Security Information Technology Research. Working in parallel with the research has been its application in real-world community situations by the centers director and the books author, Dr. Hsinchun Chen. The books audience is wide and includes the following: (1) college professors, research scientists, graduate students, and select undergraduate juniors and seniors in computer science, information management, information science, and other related public safety, intelligence analysis, and terrorism research disciplines; (2) researchers, analysts, and policy makers in federal departments, national laboratories, intelligence community, public safety and law enforcement agencies, and the emergency response community; and (3) consultants and practitioners in IT hardware, communication, and software companies, consulting firms, and defence contractors of varying sizes and countries.
Large Floodplain Rivers as Human Artifacts: A Historical Perspective on Ecological Integrity.

Abstract : The great floods of 1993 on the Upper Mississippi and the Missouri Rivers put rivers and their floodplains in the national spotlight. Two facts become clear: (1) Along with the tragedy the floods created came an unprecedented opportunity for reassessing the attitudes and policies that have long shaped the relations between people and rivers. (2) These floods represented the consequences of the historical interaction between people and rivers. These floods helped to emphasize that the present is a product of the past. Historical analysis suggests at least two items worth considering by those interested in managing large floodplain rivers. First, sustaining the ecological integrity of large floodplain rivers requires a clear understanding of what it is we wish to sustain. Second, ecology had its greatest effect on public opinion and public policy when it was effectively popularized by members of the scientific community and when it was bound to a set of attitudes and values that helped to define and shape the relation between people and nature. This paper provides a general look at large floodplain rivers from a historical perspective.
Are 2000 m asl a last frontier in hydrology

In spite of several advancements in monitoring systems in the last decades our understanding of some key hydrological processes and measurements in mountain areas still remain affected by large uncertainties. Above 2000 m asl in the Alps, and at higher altitudes in other mountain ranges, precipitation measurements with raingauges are still affected by the snow/rain partitioning uncertainties and wind-induced losses. The network density is not sufﬁcient to capture heavy localised storms triggered by orography, which sometimes induce extreme debris ﬂow events; today, in some cases, raingauge density at high altitudes is coarser than several decades ago, when networks were installed for designing hydropower plants. Radar measurements, which can be more effective in monitoring localised storms, are disturbed by the melting layer and ground clutter. Areal snow water equivalent estimates are still based on point measurements of snow density and depth and, over complex topography, remote sensing is helping for estimating snow cover areas only, while distributed information on vertical snow proﬁles is still difﬁcult to be obtained. Also micrometeorological measurements of turbulent ﬂuxes are sparse for logistic reasons and data spatialisation needs meteorological modelling or complex geostatistical interpolation algorithms to be effective. Runoff is difﬁcult to be measured in winter because of freezing of streamwater. These examples show how the key components of the hydrological balance, i.e. precipitation, snow storage, evapotranspiration losses and runoff at the basin scale are difﬁcult to be estimated with the accuracy required by several challenging scientiﬁc investiga-tions, as those concerning adaptation of forests to climate changes and resulting feedback, or the assessment of the beneﬁt for aquatic systems derived from new environmental ﬂow releases in mountain creeks. Some examples from recent experiments to measure, for energy-balance studies, eddy-correlation ﬂuxes of moisture, heat and mo-mentum on glaciers; of freezing-thawing of
The Influence of Prison Gang Affiliation on Violence and Other Prison Misconduct

Most of the empirical research and practically all of the fieldwork conducted on gangs has been devoted to street gangs. In this article, Bureau of Prisons automated data were used to evaluate the contribution of prison gang affiliation to violence and other forms of misconduct within prisons. The authors also examined a measure of gang embeddedness to see if, similar to street gang research, it can be shown that core members of a prison gang were more likely to commit violent and other kinds of misconduct than were more peripheral members. Both specific and more generic gang indicators were related to violence and other forms of official prison misconduct. A composite measure of gang misconduct represents the threat that particular gangs pose to prison order. The “threat index” is model based and provides a graphical representation of the relative magnitude and heterogeneity of the threat posed by different gang affiliations.
Ciliary Photoreceptors with a Vertebrate-Type Opsin in an Invertebrate Brain

For vision, insect and vertebrate eyes use rhabdomeric and ciliary photoreceptor cells, respectively. These cells show distinct architecture and transduce the light signal by different phototransductory cascades. In the marine rag-worm Platynereis, we find both cell types: rhabdomeric photoreceptor cells in the eyes and ciliary photoreceptor cells in the brain. The latter use a photopigment closely related to vertebrate rod and cone opsins. Comparative analysis indicates that both types of photoreceptors, with distinct opsins, coexisted in Urbilateria, the last common ancestor of insects and vertebrates, and sheds new light on vertebrate eye evolution.
Intracellular Bacterial Biofilm-Like Pods in Urinary Tract Infections

Escherichia coli entry into the bladder is met with potent innate defenses, including neutrophil influx and epithelial exfoliation. Bacterial subversion of innate responses involves invasion into bladder superficial cells. We discovered that the intracellular bacteria matured into biofilms, creating pod-like bulges on the bladder surface. Pods contained bacteria encased in a polysaccharide-rich matrix surrounded by a protective shell of uroplakin. Within the biofilm, bacterial structures interacted extensively with the surrounding matrix, and biofilm associated factors had regional variation in expression. The discovery of intracellular biofilm-like pods explains how bladder infections can persist in the face of robust host defenses.
Elastomeric Transistor Stamps: Reversible Probing of Charge Transport in Organic Crystals

We introduce a method to fabricate high-performance field-effect transistors on the surface of freestanding organic single crystals. The transistors are constructed by laminating a monolithic elastomeric transistor stamp against the surface of a crystal. This method, which eliminates exposure of the fragile organic surface to the hazards of conventional processing, enables fabrication of rubrene transistors with charge carrier mobilities as high as ∼15 cm2/V·s and subthreshold slopes as low as 2nF·V/decade·cm2. Multiple relamination of the transistor stamp against the same crystal does not affect the transistor characteristics; we exploit this reversibility to reveal anisotropic charge transport at the basal plane of rubrene.
Direct Observation of the Three-State Folding of a Single Protein Molecule

We used force-measuring optical tweezers to induce complete mechanical unfolding and refolding of individual Escherichia coli ribonuclease H (RNase H) molecules. The protein unfolds in a two-state manner and refolds through an intermediate that correlates with the transient molten globule–like intermediate observed in bulk studies. This intermediate displays unusual mechanical compliance and unfolds at substantially lower forces than the native state. In a narrow range of forces, the molecule hops between the unfolded and intermediate states in real time. Occasionally, hopping was observed to stop as the molecule crossed the folding barrier directly from the intermediate, demonstrating that the intermediate is on-pathway. These studies allow us to map the energy landscape of RNase H.
Vasopressin and Oxytocin Excite Distinct Neuronal Populations in the Central Amygdala

Vasopressin and oxytocin strongly modulate autonomic fear responses, through mechanisms that are still unclear. We describe how these neuropeptides excite distinct neuronal populations in the central amygdala, which provides the major output of the amygdaloid complex to the autonomic nervous system. We identified these two neuronal populations as part of an inhibitory network, through which vasopressin and oxytocin modulate the integration of excitatory information from the basolateral amygdala and cerebral cortex in opposite manners. Through this network, the expression and endogenous activation of vasopressin and oxytocin receptors may regulate the autonomic expression of fear.
Bigger is better: Large visual displays improve spatial knowledge of a virtual environment

This study examined the effect of physical display size on spatial knowledge of a virtual environment (VE). Previous research by Tan (2004) found that performance for a path integration task in a VE was superior on a large display compared to a small one, even with visual angle held constant. This may be because large displays evoke a more egocentric frame of reference than small displays. To test whether the advantages of large displays extended to a navigation transfer task, the present studies examined the effect of display size on transferring knowledge about the spatial layout of a desktop VE to virtual reality (VR). Participants used a joystick to control their movement through a virtual city environment, finding and learning the locations of five targets separated by buildings. After 20 minutes of learning, participants’ spatial knowledge was tested in a fully immersive environment by using virtual reality. Participants stood at each target location and pointed to each of the other, unseen targets. In the first study participants learned the VE on either an 18” LCD display or a 112” projected display. Visual angle was not equated. In the second study participants learned the VE on either a 25” or 72” projected display and visual angle was held constant. In both studies we found the average angular pointing error was significantly lower on the large display. Our results suggest that the advantage of a large desktop display for a virtual environment transfers to VR and is not dependent on visual angle. Bigger is Better: Large Visual Displays Improve Spatial Knowledge of a Virtual Environment
Defining Our Terms: Bringing Rigour to Ethnic Studies

For decades, political scientists have grappled with the role identity has played in ethnic conflict. Surprisingly, these scholars have been unsuccessful in rigorously conceptualising some key terms in the field of ethnic studies. How can the causal forces of ethnic strife be unravelled if scholars cannot even agree on the meanings of essential concepts? This article carefully delineates the differences between ethnicity, ethnic groups and ethnic group identity, while showing the conceptual mistakes of some of the field's leading scholars. Often treated synonymously, these concepts are quite distinct: ignoring this not only makes for sloppy scholarship, but has grave policy consequences.
What a waste? : a global review of solid waste management

Solid waste management is the one thing just about every city government provides for its residents. While service levels, environmental impacts and costs vary dramatically, solid waste management is arguably the most important municipal service and serves as a prerequisite for other municipal action. As the world hurtles toward its urban future, the amount of municipal solid waste (MSW), one of the most important by-products of an urban lifestyle, is growing even faster than the rate of urbanization. Ten years ago there were 2.9 billion urban residents who generated about 0.64 kg of MSW per person per day (0.68 billion tonnes per year). This report estimates that today these amounts have increased to about 3 billion residents generating 1.2 kg per person per day (1.3 billion tonnes per year). By 2025 this will likely increase to 4.3 billion urban residents generating about 1.42 kg/capita/day of municipal solid waste (2.2 billion tonnes per year).
Household Decision Making and the Influence of Spouses' Income, Education, and Communist Party Membership: A Field Experiment in Rural China

We study household decision making in a high-stakes experiment with a random sample of households in rural China. Spouses have to choose between risky lotteries, first separately and then jointly. We find that spouses' individual risk preferences are more similar the richer the household and the higher the wife's relative income contribution. A couple's joint decision is typically determined by the husband, but women who contribute relatively more to the household income, women in high-income households, women with more education than their husbands, and women with communist party membership have a stronger influence on the joint decision.
Aermod: Description of model formulation

A device for tensioning a screw bolt wherein the device comprises a lifting cylinder having a piston and arranged on a support ring and means responsive to the piston for engaging the screw bolt in a positive locking manner including: a first member engaged by the piston; a second member hinged to the first member; and guide surfaces for pressing the second member against an engagement surface of the screw bolt in a positive engaging and self-locking manner.
Adaptive Co-Management: Collaboration, Learning, and Multi-Level Governance

Figures, Tables, Boxes Acronyms Preface and Acknowledgments 1 Introduction: Moving beyond Co-Management / Derek Armitage, Fikret Berkes and Nancy Doubleday Part 1: Theory 2 Adaptive Co-Management and Complexity: Exploring the Many Faces of Co-Management / Fikret Berkes 3 Connecting Adaptive Co-Management, Social Learning, and Social Capital through Theory and Practice / Ryan Plummer and John FitzGibbon 4 Building Resilient Livelihoods through Adaptive Co-Management: The Role of Adaptive Capacity / Derek Armitage 5 Adaptive Co-Management for Resilient Resource Systems: Some Ingredients and the Implications of Their Absence / Anthony Charles Part 2: Case Studies 6 Challenges Facing Coastal Resource Co-Management in the Caribbean / Patrick McConney, Robin Mahon, and Robert Pomeroy 7 Adaptive Fisheries Co-Management in the Western Canadian Arctic / Burton G. Ayles, Robert Bell, and Andrea Hoyt 8 Integrating Holism and Segmentalism: Overcoming Barriers to Adaptive Co-Management between Management Agencies and Multi-Sector Bodies / Evelyn Pinkerton 9 Conditions for Successful Fisheries and Coastal Resources Co-Management: Lessons Learned in Asia, Africa, and the Wider Caribbean / Robert Pomeroy Part 3: Challenges 10 Communities of Interdependence for Adaptive Co-Management / John Kearney and Fikret Berkes 11 Adaptive Co-Management and the Gospel of Resilience / Paul Nadasdy 12 Culturing Adaptive Co-Management: Finding "Keys" to Resilience in Asymmetries of Power / Nancy Doubleday Part 4: Tools 13 Novel Problems Require Novel Solutions: Innovation as an Outcome of Adaptive Co-Management / Gary P. Kofinas, Susan J. Herman, and Chanda Meek 14 The Role of Vision in Framing Adaptive Co-Management Processes: Lessons from Kristianstads Vattenrike, Southern Sweden / Per Olsson 15 Using Scenario Planning to Enable an Adaptive Co-Management Process in the Northern Highlands Lake District of Wisconsin / Garry Peterson 16 Synthesis: Adapting, Innovating, Evolving / Fikret Berkes, Derek Armitage and Nancy Doubleday Glossary Contributors Index
Un nuevo lagosuchidae (thecodontia - pseudosuchia) de la fauna de los chanares (edad reptil chanarense, triasico medio), la rioja, argentina

Based on incomplete hind limb, pelvis and vertebrae, a new lagosuchid pseudosuchian from Los Chanares fauna (Chanarian Reptile Age, Middle Triassic) of La Rioja, Argentina, is described. Pseudolagosuchus maior gen. et sp. nov. share derived characters with Lagosuchus: femur shorter than tibia, size and shape of the fourth trocanter, structure of astragalus and calcaneum, advanced mesotarsal tarsus. Pseudolagosuchus is different fonn Lagosuchus for the ratios of length and stoutness between femur and pubis, the lengthening of sacral and caudal vertebrae, the latter with long neural spines and elongated prezigapofisis, and for its bigger size. It is recognized a morphological variety of the tarsi within the mesotarsal condition of the Los Chanares thecodonts.