Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tracing the definition of the kilogram to the Avogadro constant using a silicon single crystal

This paper describes attempts to replace the present definition of the SI unit mass, the kilogram, by a new one, based on the atomic mass unit; the kilogram then becomes the mass of a certain number of silicon atoms. The related research is planned and is to be performed within the scope of a worldwide collaboration coordinated by the Working Group on the Avogadro Constant of the CIPM Consultative Committee for Mass and Related Quantities. This requires determination of the Avogadro constant, NA, with a relative uncertainty close to 1 × 10−8. At present, the most important limiting factor is the uncertainty arising from observed differences between some primary density standards as well as the measurement of the molar mass of silicon, e.g. the determination of the natural isotopic composition. Improvements in crystal characterization and density determination are described that allow us to reach a relative uncertainty of about 10−7. A further reduction in the uncertainty is envisaged by measurements performed on a 99.99% enriched 28Si single crystal.
Servant-Leadership Context: A Multi-Case Pilot Study

Although various definitions and models of servant-leadership exist, there has been insufficient research to provide evidence of the values and practice of the construct (Winston, 2004). The lack of research contributes to concern about servant-leadership's potential contextual constraints (Smith, Montagno, & Kuzmenko, 2004). This multi-case pilot study explored contextual themes in companies reported by the literature to be servant led. Common value alignment themes included conservatism and consumer orientation. Potential confounding themes included social responsibility and individualism. Exploration of the stock price performance of servant led companies revealed conflicting results, suggesting that various components relate to organizational success. Future research should seek to substantiate these themes and provide a clearer understanding of servantleadership's contextual dimensions.
Electron energy distribution function in laser-excited rubidium atoms

The electron energy distribution function (EEDF) in laser-excited Rb vapour at the first resonance transition 5S–5P and 5p–nl transitions is calculated numerically from the Boltzmann equation under the experimental conditions of Barbier and Cheret (1987 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Phys. 20 1229). The calculations included all the interactions between electrons and ground or excited states of atomic rubidium. We have also studied the time evolution and the laser power dependences of the EEDF and the electron density which is created during the interactions. The energy spectra of the electrons emerging from the interaction contain a number of peaks corresponding to the low-energy electrons produced by the associative and Hornbeck–Molnar ionization in addition to the electrons created from the various excited states by the ionizing collisions (Penning ionization). The low-energy electrons are then heated by one or more superelastic collisions leading to further ionization. However the calculations indicated that, under the conditions of low power laser intensity and relatively low atom density, the dominant processes are collisional ionization and collisional excitation.
Modelos para Previsão Tributária Utilizando Redes Neurais LSTM

O ICMS (Imposto sobre Circulação de Mercadorias e Prestação de Serviços de Transporte Interestadual e Intermunicipal e de Comunicação) é um dos principais impostos arrecadados pelos estados brasileiros, sendo seu valor importante na gestão e planejamento do governo, em especial para o estado do Rio de Janeiro, que se apresenta em crise econômica e desde o ano 2020 está em Regime de Recuperação Fiscal, necessitando de uma constante atualização da previsão de seus valores de receita e gastos. Devido às incertezas e mudanças externas e internas no estado carioca, a previsão desse valor coletado possui característica de não-linearidade, sendo necessário a aplicação de modelos não lineares que possam considerar essas mudanças nos valores arrecadados ao longo do tempo. Por conseguinte, o trabalho aqui descrito visa utilizar modelos de Redes Neurais Recorrentes Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) e comparar as abordagens Multivariate Multi-step e Univariate Multi-step, na tentativa de gerar uma previsão anual da arrecadação tributária do estado superior à de outras abordagens, podendo ser utilizados como parâmetros para a tomada de decisões das autoridades governamentais.
Multiband Analysis of a Sample of Blue Compact Dwarf Galaxies. I. Surface Brightness Distribution, Morphology, and Structural Parameters

Broadband observations in B, V, R, and I have been performed for a sample of 28 galaxies cataloged as blue compact dwarf galaxies (BCDs). Our deep imaging, reaching surface brightness levels of a few percent of the sky brightness, has allowed the detection of underlying emission or low surface brightness features for a substantial fraction of the sample. In this paper we present the first results of the program: deep contour maps in the B band, surface brightness profiles, and color profiles for all the galaxies. The information derived for this sample of galaxies has allowed us to analyze the morphology and the structural components of BCDs. Over 70% of the galaxies show complex profiles that preclude fitting by a single standard law, with extra structure at high to intermediate intensity levels. In 21 galaxies of the sample, an underlying low surface brightness component has been detected.
A comprehensive study of the link between star-formation history and X-ray source populations in the SMC

Abstract Using Chandra, XMM-Newton and optical photometric catalogs we study the young X-ray binary (XRB) populations of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). We find that the Be/X-ray binaries (Be-XRBs) are observed in regions with star-formation (SF) rate bursts ~30–70 Myr ago, which coincides with the age of maximum Be-star formation, while regions with strong but more recent SF (e.g., the Wing) are deficient in Be-XRBs. Using the 2dF spectrograph of the Anglo-Australian Telescope (AAT) we have obtained optical spectra of 20 High-Mass X-ray Binaries (HMXBs) in the SMC. All of these sources were proved to be Be-XRBs. Similar spectral-type distributions of Be-XRBs and Be field stars in the SMC have been found. On the other hand, the Be-XRBs in the Galaxy follow a different distribution than the isolated Be stars in the Galaxy, in agreement with previous studies.
The queue GI/GI/k: finite moments of the cycle variables and uniform rates of convergence

We study the classical multi-server queue and establish finite geometric moments and φ moments of the cycle variables: here where n is integer and φ0 is concave. More generally, we consider systems with different initial conditions and prove moment and stochastic domination results for the delay variables. This together with the general results of [3] yields ergodic results for the time and customer dependent processes.
The Dynamics of Capillary Flow

Penetration of Liquids into Cylindrical Capillaries. ---The rate of penetration into a small capillary of radius $r$ is shown to be: $\frac{\mathrm{dl}}{\mathrm{dt}}=\frac{P({r}^{2}+4\ensuremath{\epsilon}r)}{8\ensuremath{\eta}l}$, where $P$ is the driving pressure, $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ the coefficient of slip and $\ensuremath{\eta}$ the viscosity. By integrating this expression, the distance penetrated by a liquid flowing under capillary pressure alone into a horizontal capillary or one with small internal surface is found to be the square root of ($\frac{\ensuremath{\gamma}\mathrm{rt}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}cos\ensuremath{\theta}}{2\ensuremath{\eta}}$), where $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ is the surface tension and $\ensuremath{\theta}$ the angle of contact. The quantity ($\frac{\ensuremath{\gamma}cos\ensuremath{\theta}}{2\ensuremath{\eta}}$) is called the coefficient of penetrance or the penetrativity of the liquid.
Improved Eigen-value corner detection technique

Eigenvalue based corner detection is known to be effective in detecting corners of objects in noise. In this paper, a corner detection technique based on including the orientation and the angle of the corner in addition to its eigenvalue is introduced. It is shown that both orientation and corner information improve the detectability of corners. Moreover, corners that have been selected via the new technique are more likely to be detected in subsequent frames and therefore improve the performance of an object tracker. This modification only adds a minor computational load to our tracking schemé. Real and synthetic images are used to evaluate the detection performance as well as their effect on tracking.
Semiclassical position and momentum information entropy for sech2 and a family of rational potentials

The classical and semiclassical position and momentum information entropies for the reflectionless sech2 potential and a family of rational potentials are obtained explicitly. The sum of these entropies is of interest for the entropic uncertainty principle that is stronger than the Heisenberg uncertainty relation. The analytic results relate the classical period of the motion, total energy, position and momentum entropy, and dependence upon the principal quantum number n. The logarithmic energy dependence of the entropies is presented. The potentials considered include as special cases the attractive delta function and square well. PACS Nos.: 03.67–a, 03.65. Sq, 03.65. Ge, 03.65. –w
Extruded singlemode non-silica glass holey optical fibres

The fabrication of the first microstructured singlemode non-silica optical fibre is reported. Extrusion has been used for the first time to produce the microstructured fibre preform. The final drawn fibre has an effectively air-suspended 2 µm core. Singlemode guidance is observed from 633-1500 nm
Angle–time–frequency resolution of the noise field generated by wind‐induced breaking waves

This paper describes a model of the noise field generated by waves breaking on the ocean surface and the angle–time–frequency resolution of that noise field. The model takes into account the discrete space‐time structure of the noise sources and thus differs from models based on the continuous source sheet assumption. This is done using a stochastic model to specify the locations, occurrence times, and radiated noise waveforms for the individual breaking waves and then computing the noise field as the superposition of the noise contributions from those breaking waves. The angle–time–frequency resolution of the noise field is obtained by applying a time–frequency resolution algorithm to the output of a beamformer as a function of the steering angle. To describe the properties of the 3‐D noise resolution, we assume a vertical array in a shallow‐water acoustic environment and use recently obtained experimental estimates of the acoustic coverage and the source level and waveform‐duration probability densities.
BARYOGENESIS FROM BLACK HOLE EVAPORATION

The possibility of baryogenesis through the evaporation of black holes formed during extended inflation is explored. These black holes are produced due to the collapse of trapped regions of false vacuum during the inflationary phase transition. Immediately after formation, the accretion of mass from the surrounding hot radiation bath in the universe is shown to be an important effect. This causes the lifetime of the black holes to be considerably elongated before they evaporate out through the process of Hawking radiation. It is shown that a sufficient number of black holes last up to well past the electroweak era and hence contribute to the surviving baryon asymmetry in the universe.
Analysis of Zero-Inflated Count Data From Clinical Trials With Potential Dropouts

Counts of prespecified events are important endpoints for many safety and efficacy clinical trials. The conventional Poisson model might not be ideal due to three potential issues: (1) overdispersion arising from intra-subject correlation, (2) zero inflation when the prespecified event is rare, and (3) missing observations due to early dropouts. Negative binomial (NB), Poisson hurdle (PH), and negative binomial hurdle (NBH) models are more appropriate for overdispersed and/or zero-inflated count data. An offset can be included in these models to adjust for differential exposure duration due to early dropouts. In this article, we propose new link functions for the hurdle part of a PH/NBH model to facilitate testing for zero-inflation and model selection. The proposed link function particularly improves the model fit of a NBH model when an offset is included to adjust for differential exposure. A simulation study is conducted to compare the existing and proposed models, which are then applied to data from two clinical trials to demonstrate application and interpretation of these methods.
Lateglacial Shifts in Seasonality Reconcile Conflicting North Atlantic Temperature Signals

The accelerating flux of glacial meltwater to the oceans due to global warming is a potential trigger for future climate disturbance. Past disruption of Atlantic Ocean circulation, driven by melting of land‐based ice, is linked in models to reduced ocean‐atmosphere heat transfer and abrupt cooling during stadial events. The most recent stadial, the Younger Dryas (YD), is traditionally viewed as a severe cooling centered on the North Atlantic but with hemispheric influence. However, indications of summer warmth question whether YD cooling was truly year‐round or restricted to winter. Here, we present a beryllium‐10‐dated glacier record from the north‐east North Atlantic, coupled with 2‐D glacier‐climate modeling, to reconstruct Lateglacial summer air temperature patterns. Our record reveals that, contrary to the prevailing model, the last glacial advance in Scotland did not occur during the YD but predated the stadial, while the YD itself was characterized by warming‐driven deglaciation. We argue that these apparently paradoxical findings can be reconciled with regional and global climate events by invoking enhanced North Atlantic seasonality—with anomalously cold winters but warming summers—as an intrinsic response to globally increased poleward heat fluxes.
Thyroid stimulating hormone correlates with triglyceride levels but is not associated with the severity of acute ischemic stroke in patients with euthyroidism: a cross-sectional study

Background Growing evidence suggests an association between thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and severity of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, few studies have ruled out the potential influences of abnormal thyroid hormones when assessing this association. This study aimed to investigate the association between TSH levels and the severity of AIS patients with euthyroidism, and to explore the potential mechanism of TSH on this disease by analyzing the correlation of TSH with lipid profiles. Methods This retrospective study consisted of 345 patients with normal T3 and T4 levels admitted for first-ever cerebral ischemic stroke. Baseline data of participant were collecte. Laboratory data, including serum levels of TSH and lipid profiles were measured in our hospital’s clinical laboratory on admission. Stroke severity was recorded using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Associations between TSH levels and disease severity were analyzed with logistic regression analysis. Correlations between TSH and lipid profiles were analyzed with Spearman’s rank correlation analysis. Results Among the 345 patients with AIS, the median age was 63 years (63±12 years), 106 patients (30.7%) were female, 237 (68.7%) patients were mild-severity and 108 (31.3%) patients were severity. Data analysis showed that higher serum TSH levels were associated with the mild severity of patients with AIS (P=0.042 in Kruskal-Wallis test, P=0.025 in logistic regression analysis, and P=0.044 in multiple logistic regression), but not in AIS patients with euthyroidism (P=0.078, P=0.337, respectively). Furthermore, TSH levels were correlated with triglycerides (TG) levels not only in total patients (r=0.135, P=0.012) but also in the patients with euthyroidism (r=0.133, P=0.018). Conclusions TSH levels are associated with the severity of AIS patients, but not in patients with euthyroidism, predicting that stratified management of TSH may be beneficial in patients with AIS. Moreover, TSH levels are correlated with TG levels in patients with AIS.
A Single-Coil Multi-Tapped PDM-Based Induction Heating System for Domestic Applications

The conventional heating system is inefficient as the major part of the heating coil lies out-side the vessel it is placed on. This research article proposes a new single-coil multi-tapped induction heating system. This novel induction heating system is facilitated by a half-bridge resonant converter controlled by zero-voltage switching (ZVS). The multi-tapping winding system ensures an effective heat transfer between the coil and the working vessel with the windings of the induction coil segmented to an equivalent size of the vessel. The pulse density modulation (PDM) scheme employed here as the control proves to be the most versatile one. The whole system is duly simulated for an 850 W IH setup in MATLAB Simulink and implemented as a hardware prototype using a half-bridge resonant converter. The control pulses are developed through the PDM in a PIC16F877A controller. The simulation and experimental results prove the credibility of the proposed induction heating (IH) scheme, and during heavy loading conditions, it outperforms the single-coil IH system by gaining an efficiency of 89.29%
The Technological Revolution and the Reform of School Mathematics

Technology and technology-intensive mathematics curricula are catalysts for the mathematics education reform movement. Students can understand mathematics more deeply when they assume responsibility for their own learning as they engage in and reflect on authentic mathematical activity. Analyzing technology in mathematics classrooms as cognitive technologies with differing degrees of transparency and different abilities to externalize representations, viewing technology used to enhance computational skills as amplifiers, and viewing technology used to encourage students to investigate mathematical phenomena and real-world situations as reorganizers, I evaluate the ways in which empirical research supports this vision or calls it into question.
Origin of optical non-linear response in TiN owing to excitation dynamics of surface plasmon resonance electronic oscillations

TiN nanoparticles of average size 55 nm were investigated for their optical non-linear properties. During the experiment the irradiated laser wavelength coincided with the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak of the nanoparticle. The large non-linearity of the nanoparticle was attributed to the plasmon resonance, which largely enhanced the local ﬁeld within the nanoparticle. Both open and closed aperture Z-scan experiments were performed and the corresponding optical constants were explored. The post-excitation absorption spectra revealed the interesting phenomenon of photo fragmentation leading to the blue shift in band gap and red shift in the SPR. The results are discussed in terms of enhanced interparticle interaction simultaneous with size reduction. Here, the optical constants being intrinsic constants for a particular sample change unusually with laser power intensity. The dependence of χ(3) is discussed in terms of the size variation caused by photo fragmentation. The studies proved that the TiN nanoparticles are potential candidates in photonics technology offering huge scope to study unexplored research for various expedient applications.
Dependence of Dislocations on Emitter Phosphorus Diffusion Conditions and Their Effects on Electrical Characteristics of Silicon Planar NPN Transistors

It is shown that emitter edge dislocations (EED) need not be “distinct from and in addition to diffusion-induced dislocations (DID)” as generally accepted. Namely, under certain emitter diffusion conditions, when DID just began to appear, EED and DID can become the same dislocations, originally created inside diffused emitter areas, and then, during emitter oxidation step, displaced towards edges of these areas. Also, it is shown that conventional method for EED elimination, although it considerably reduces a low-frequency noise of planar NPN transistors, has undesirable effects on the other electrical characteristics: increases reverse emitter-base current at voltages below avalanche breakdown, i.e. causes “soft” breakdown and reduces commonemitter current gain at low current level. [Russian Text Ignored].
Algoritmo de Ensemble para Classificação em Fluxo de Dados com Classes Desbalanceadas e Mudanças de Conceito

Com o crescimento exponencial na geração de dados observado nas últimas décadas, a realização de tarefas de classificação sobre esses dados apresenta diversos desafios. Estes conjuntos de dados, por vezes, não são balanceadas quanto às suas classes e podem ocorrer alterações da formação das classes ao longo do tempo, chamadas de mudança de conceito. Dentre os algoritmos que visam solucionar esses problemas, o Kappa Updated Ensemble (KUE) tem apresentado bom desempenho em fluxo de dados com mudança de conceito. Como sua formulação original não é projetada para classes desbalanceadas, neste trabalho foram realizadas modificações no KUE afim de torná-lo mais robusto e aderente ao cenário de desbalanceamento nas bases de dados. Em experimentos realizados sobre oito conjuntos de dados com diferentes taxas de desbalanceamentos, o KUE modificado superou a versão original em cinco conjuntos de dados e produziu desempenho estatisticamente equivalente nos três restantes. Estes resultados são promissores e motivam novos desenvolvimentos para esta abordagem.
A Robust Planar Marker-Based Visual SLAM

Many visual SLAM systems are generally solved using natural landmarks or optical flow. However, due to textureless areas, illumination change or motion blur, they often acquire poor camera poses or even fail to track. Additionally, they cannot obtain camera poses with a metric scale in the monocular case. In some cases (such as when calibrating the extrinsic parameters of camera-IMU), we prefer to sacrifice the flexibility of such methods to improve accuracy and robustness by using artificial landmarks. This paper proposes enhancements to the traditional SPM-SLAM, which is a system that aims to build a map of markers and simultaneously localize the camera pose. By placing the markers in the surrounding environment, the system can run stably and obtain accurate camera poses. To improve robustness and accuracy in the case of rotational movements, we improve the initialization, keyframes insertion and relocalization. Additionally, we propose a novel method to estimate marker poses from a set of images to solve the problem of planar-marker pose ambiguity. Compared with the state-of-art, the experiments show that our system achieves better accuracy in most public sequences and is more robust than SPM-SLAM under rotational movements. Finally, the open-source code is publicly available and can be found at GitHub.