Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An IoT Device Recognition Method based on Convolutional Neural Network

Device recognition is the primary step toward a secure IoT system. However, the existing equipment recognition technology often faces the problems of unobvious data characteristics and insufficient training samples, resulting in low recognition rate. To address this problem, a convolutional neural network-based IoT device recognition method is proposed. We first extract the background icons of various IoT devices through the Internet, and then use the ResNet50 neural network to extract icon feature vectors to build an IoT icon library, and realize accurate identification of device types through image retrieval. The experimental results show that the accuracy rate of sampling retrieval in the icon library can reach 98.5%, and the recognition accuracy rate outside the library can reach 83.3%, which can effectively identify the type of IoT devices.
A Circularly Polarized Phased Array with Wide Axial Ratio Scanning Using Sequential Rotation Technique

A center-fed and multilayer U-slot patch circularly polarized (CP) unit and its 4 × 4 phased array are proposed in this paper. By rotating the upper U-slot patch, the unit has a good impedance bandwidth of 13.9% (|S11|＜−20 dB), which can cover the 3-dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 9.7%. With the use of the sequential rotation technique and triangular grid arrangement, the phased array has a wide axial ratio bandwidth from 0° to 45° scanned beams in the entire operating band. To verify its performance, a prototype of the array is fabricated and tested. Good agreement can be observed between the simulated and measured radiation patterns.
A Single-Path Reconfigurable ×2/×3 Frequency Multiplier For 5G NR Application

A single-output reconfigurable ×2/×3 frequency multiplier (REFM) in 65-nm CMOS technology is demonstrated in this paper. By switching the operation region (triode/saturation) of the single balanced mixer in a self-mix tripler and changing the signal-extraction position of the output balun, the frequency multiplier achieves two modes: tripler/doubler. Post-layout simulation shows that the frequency multiplier achieves a peak gain of 4.4 dB and the 3-dB bandwidth is 27.6-35.8 GHz with -5.5 dBm input power in doubler mode (DM), while the frequency multiplier, in tripler mode (TM), attains a peak gain of -1.8 dB and the 3-dB bandwidth is 39.3-47.4 GHz with -3.5 dBm input power. The power consumption is 18.2/21 mW in both modes, respectively. The circuit occupies the core area of only 0.093 mm2.
Advanced Compact Modeling for Transistor Aging: Trap-based Approaches and Mixed-mode Coupling

In this paper, the recent advances of our studies on the compact aging modeling of bias temperature instability (BTI), hot carrier degradation (HCD) and mixed-mode transistor reliability are presented from trap-based approaches. Origins of BTI with contributions from different types of traps are identified from advanced characterization techniques. An open-source BTI model, with the industry-standard model interface OMI and the capability of capturing both degradation and recovery, has been developed for SPICE simulation and Design-Technology Co-optimization (DTCO). Three types of traps also have been identified from experiments in HCD, and a unified model has been proposed which can accurately predict HCD in full Vgs/Vds bias. Finally, the mixed-mode reliability of HCD-BTI coupling, through self-heating or under off-state stress, is discussed.
Unsupervised Photoacoustic Tomography Image Reconstruction from Limited-View Unpaired Data using an Improved CycleGAN

Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) is a hybrid imaging method with great applications in preclinical research and clinical applications. However, due to the limited-view issue, it is often hard to cover the desired tissue completely, thus resulting in severe artifacts in reconstructed images. Enhancing a reconstructed image to become artifact-free could be considered an image-to-image translation task which is addressed easily by the well-known Pix2Pix generative adversarial network (GAN). Training Pix2Pix usually requires a large paired dataset. Preparing such datasets can be difficult or even in some cases impossible. In this paper, we propose an improved unsupervised reconstruction method based on cycle-consistent adversarial networks (CycleGAN), to overcome the need for paired datasets. CycleGAN can learn image-to-image translation tasks from an unpaired dataset without the need for one-to-one matching between low-quality and high-quality images. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed architecture outperforms the original CycleGAN in terms of image similarity metrics including PSNR and SSIM.
A Compact Single-Layer Broadband Coplanar Waveguide to Coplanar Strip Line Transition

A single-layer coplanar waveguide (CPW) to coplanar strip line (CPS) transition with a compact structure and broad bandwidth is presented in this paper. It is composed of an input CPW transmission line, an output CPS, and a transition portion utilizing the strong coupling between an inner strip line and the side strips. All metal strip lines are located in the top layer of a substrate, to have achieved a simple and compact structure. The inner strip line has a length of around half a guided wavelength, which means each side has a length of around a quarter guided wavelength. Thus, the directions of currents on two side strips are inverted, resulting in a differential current mode of the output CPS. By choosing proper dimensions of the proposed transition, a good impedance matching over a broad frequency band are obtained. The proposed transition has advantages of single layer and compact structure, which should be useful in 5G highly integrated RF circuits.
18-40 GHz Circularly Polarized Antenna Using Ultra-Wideband Dielectric Polarizer

A circularly polarized (CP) antenna operating from 18 to 40 GHz is presented. The ultra-bandwidth (UWB) performance is realized by a novel dielectric polarizer design that has a relatively large unit-cell width compared to the wavelength. The phase difference of the proposed polarizer has a non-linear growth rate to frequency at the high-frequency range, leading to a bandwidth expansion of effective polarization rotation. Apart from the polarizer, the CP antenna includes a hyperbolic lens for wavefront manipulation and two impedance transitions for reducing the reflection coefficient at the polarizer surface. Measurement results show that the antenna has an ultra-wide operating bandwidth of 76% from 18 to 40 GHz.
Optimization of Asymmetric Orthomode Transducer at Terahertz Frequency

For the need of polarization multiplexing, an asymmetric orthomode transducer (OMT) working at 260~325 GHz is demonstrated in this paper. Since the reflection efficient bandwidth of directed port is commonly wider than that of side port in the previous designs, the coupling aperture corresponding to side port is enlarged, which optimizes the performance of the side port and reduces difficulty of high frequency processing while deteriorate directed port a little due to higher discontinuity. Then the first two high-order-modes introduced by discontinuity and asymmetry is investigated. To achieve a better polarization isolation, the size of the common port is reduced, which decreases the cross-polarization component introduced by structural design and fabrication errors with the help of the suppression of the highorder-modes. As a result, the bandwidth and polarization isolation are increased. The return loss is less than -15db and the polarization isolation is better than -50db in the working frequency.
Ferroelectric-like Behaviors of Mobile-Ionic Field-Effect Transistors with Amorphous Dielectrics

Unique ferroelectric-like characteristics in amorphous(a-) ZrO2-based devices enabled by mobile ions are systematically investigated. The polarization switching of the metal/a-ZrO2/rnetal capacitor originating from the migration of ions exhibits strong frequency dependency due to the limited velocity of the mobile ions, which is proved by the comparison between experimental results and theoretical analysis. The hysteresis of drain current versus gate voltage (VG) curves of the mobile-ionic field-effect transistor (MIFET) is influenced by the VG sweeping time consistent with the frequency-dependent polarization.
A hybrid prediction framework based on deep learning for wind power

A wind power prediction model based on ensemble empirical mode decomposition and deep learning is proposed. Since wind power is closely related to wind speed, wind speed is highly uncertain, which brings volatility and non-stationarity to wind power sequential signal. In order to reduce the interference of non-stationary sequential signals and reduce the error of wind power prediction, a multi-branch neural network prediction model based on classical mode decomposition is proposed. In this model, the four-point method is used to eliminate outliers. In addition, convolutional neural network and long and short and term memory network are used to extract the time sequence of power. Finally, wind power prediction is realized through aggregation and integration.
A Wideband Mm-Wave Endfire Antenna Utilizing Multi-Mode Dielectric Patch Resonator

A wideband endfire antenna is proposed for millimeter-wave (mm-wave) operation by utilizing multi-mode dielectric patch resonator. The dielectric patch resonator is composed of the extension substrate of the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) and the double-faced 3×3 dielectric patch placed on both surfaces of the substrate. The structural evolution reveals that multiple resonant modes of the dielectric patch resonator can be simultaneously excited by the SIW feeder to constitute a wide operating bandwidth. The effects of the metal vias, the plastic screws, and the End-launch were analyzed. To verify this concept, an antenna prototype working at 33.5 GHz was designed, fabricated, and measured. The demonstrated wideband endfire antenna obtains a bandwidth covering 23.97 – 43.16 GHz.
Low-profile Dielectric Resonator Antenna with Wide Beamwidths

A laterally radiating dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with wide beamwidth is proposed. By superimposing two modes which radiate like an electric and a magnetic dipole, the DRA radiates along the x direction with a wide beam. The proposed DRA can achieve a half-space radiation coverage by using single antenna element. The simulated results show that the impedance bandwidth of the antenna is 3.17-3.73GHz (~16%). At 3.5GHz, the overlapping half-power beamwidth of the xy and xz plane can be up to 176°. A high front-to-back ratio (FTBR) of 19.69 is also observed. Furthermore, the DRA has a low profile of 0. 136λ0.
A Statistical Assessment of Zener Diode Behavior Using Functional Data Analysis

This paper presents an assessment of electrical device measurements using functional data analysis (FDA) on a test case of Zener diode devices. We employ three techniques from FDA to quantify the variability in device behavior, primarily due to production lot and demonstrate that this has a significant effect in our data set. We also argue for the expanded use of FDA methods in providing principled, quantitative analysis of electrical device data.
Routing Protocols of Wireless Sensor Networks in Smart Cities

The investigation on smart cities using WSN-wireless sensor networks seems to be able to benefit from the development of the Internet of Things (IoT) since both of the technologies’ goals were comparable. Simultaneously with them, research on managing mobile crowd sensing (MCS) and WSN innovations encounter fresh potential and difficulties, particularly when implemented in a sizable context like a smart city setting. However, fresh approaches are being put out to handle current WSN and resource utilization challenges. To integrate the two technologies of sensing WSN and MCS, this study suggests a hybrid routing protocol depending on the RPL protocol. The idea is to assist the fixed nodes of WSN to improve performance by appropriately using MCS nodes. A fixed WSN has been used to evaluate the suggested protocol to examine the effect of integration on WSN functionality. When compared to RPL without MCS integration, the proposed findings show a good improvement in packet distribution proportion of 17% higher, end-to-end latency of 50% lesser, and energy usage of 25% less. Hence this research believes that the hybrid-RPL protocol may be effective for sensing and data acquisition, particularly in urban and smart city situations.
A Compact 210-to-250 GHz Quad-Stacked Power Amplifier in 0.13-μm SiGe BiCMOS

This paper presents a 210-to-250 GHz differential single-stage quad-stacked power amplifier (PA) for sub-terahertz communications. The proposed amplifier utilizes a quad-stacked Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) topology with a combination of inter-nodal inductors between adjacent transistors and BASE inductors for voltage swing enhancement and amplifier gain boosting. The differential input/output ports are converted to single-ended for testing purposes with customized Marchand Baluns. Verified by full-EM and circuit-level co-simulation, the PA achieves an operation frequency of 210 to 250 GHz with a gain better than 12.5 dB, a maximal gain of 15.5 dB at 240 GHz, a saturated output power PSAT of 10.5 dBm, and an output 1-dB compression point OP1dB of 6.6 dBm, and power consumption of 405 mW. The calculated power-added efficiency PAE at OP1dB is 1.1%. Compared to similar SiGe sub-THz PAs, this work only shows the advantage of small core circuit area of 0.01 mm2.
Depths-encoded angular compounding for speckle reduction in optical coherence tomography

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is one of the successful inventions in medical imaging as a clinic routine in the past decades. This imaging technique is based on low coherence interferometer and consequently suffers from speckle noise inherently, which can degrade image quality and obscure micro-structures. Therefore, effective speckle reduction techniques have been always desired and researched since optical coherence tomography was invented. In this study, we proposed an angular compounding method to reduce speckle noise of OCT image. Two different angular light paths are created on the sample arm using two beam splitters. The epi-detection scheme creates three different combinations of the two angular light paths above, which produce three images in single B-scan. To compound these three images, these three images are separated in depth by delaying one light path relative to the other. Compared to those reported angular compounding methods, our method showed an advantage of faster imaging speed. This method was evaluated on an artificial eye model. The results demonstrated a 1.46-fold improvement in speckle contrast.
VERTICAL UNDULATOR EMITTANCE MEASUREMENT: A STATISTICAL APPROACH

Direct measurement of low vertical emittance in storage rings is typically achieved via interferometric techniques. Proof of low vertical emittance is demonstrated by the measurement of a null radiation field, which is also the crux of the vertical undulator emittance measurement. Here we present strategies to improve the sensitivity to low vertical emittance beams. We move away from photon spectrum analysis to a statistical analysis of undulator radiation, showing the measured increase in signal-to-background. Reproducing simulations of previous work, we demonstrate that photon beam polarisation extends the linearity of the technique by several decades in emittance. These statistical and polarisation improvements to the signal-tobackground allow realistic measurement of smallest vertical emittance.
A GPU-accelerated Data Transformation Framework Rooted in Pushdown Transducers

With the rise of machine learning and data analytics, the ability to process large and diverse sets of data efficiently has become crucial. Research has shown that data transformation is a key performance bottleneck for applications across a variety of domains, from data analytics to scientific computing. Custom hardware accelerators and GPU implementations targeting specific data transformation tasks can alleviate the problem, but suffer from narrow applicability and lack of generality.To tackle this problem, we propose a GPU-accelerated data transformation engine grounded on pushdown transducers. We define an extended pushdown transducer abstraction (effPDT) that allows expressing a wide range of data transformations in a memory-efficient fashion, and is thus amenable for GPU deployment. The effPDT execution engine utilizes a data streaming model that reduces the application’s memory requirements significantly, facilitating deployment on high- and low-end systems. We showcase our GPU-accelerated engine on a diverse set of transformation tasks covering data encoding/decoding, parsing and querying of structured data, and matrix transformation, and we evaluate it against publicly available CPU and GPU library implementations of the considered data transformation tasks. To understand the benefits of the effPDT abstraction, we extend our data transformation engine to also support finite state transducers (FSTs), we map the considered data transformation tasks on FSTs, and we compare the performance and resource requirements of the FST-based and the effPDT-based implementations.
An ASGC-Surrogate Model Based Yield Optimization for Passive Microwave Devices with Differential Evolution Algorithm

The performance of microwave devices is affected by many uncertainties during the manufacturing process. Proper design with least influence from these disturbances is required for optimal yield. At the design stage of microwave devices, the electromagnetic (EM) based simulation methods are accurate and comprehensive, but it suffers from expensive computational cost. For yield optimization, highly efficient optimization algorithms are necessary. In this article, a global surrogate model is constructed on the basis of the adaptive hierarchical sparse grid collocation (ASGC) algorithm to significantly reduce the number of sampling points. The differential evolution algorithm combined with the ASGC-based surrogate model is proposed to decrease the total simulation time. Finally, to validate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed algorithm, several representative examples are presented.
Efficient Online Compression for MEMS based BCG Wearable Sensors on ULP FPGA

Compression of Ballistocardiography (BCG) data is of a great importance specially in the context of wearables and ultra-low power (ULP) applications, respectively. This paper presents an efficient and yet simple compression core for BCG data that can be integrated to MEMS sensor or on ULP FPGAs. The proposed compression technique is a modified delta encoding algorithm that can compress data efficiently ranging from lossless to lossy compression, while the design was derived from BCG specific requirements. The technique offers flexibility with respect to compression performance and signal distortion where compression ratio can be traded for lossless compression and vice verse. Evaluations of 4 BCG data sets show an average compression ratio of 3 with adequate PRDN. This compression core is further implemented in VHDL and it utilizes 234 LUTs of FPGA resources supporting online compression.
An Ultra-wideband Dual-polarized Array Antenna with Wide-angle Scanning Performance

This paper has designed an ultra-wideband (UWB) dual-polarized antenna with wide-angle scanning for the phased-array radar system. In order to achieve the wide bandwidth, the vivaldi scheme is adopted for our proposed antenna. Besides, the slots and shorting pins are loaded on the Vivaldi antenna so as to reduce its size and improve its impedance matching. With these arrangements, the Active VSWR <3 of the infinite array is arranged from 2.3 GHz to 19.2 GHz with a bandwidth ratio of 8.3:1. Meanwhile, the scanning angle is kept of over ±50° in both of horizontal polarization and in vertical polarization.
A 24.25-28 GHz Wideband Power Amplifier in 150-nm GaN-on-SiC pHEMT Technology

This paper presents a low-power-consumption and high-efficiency amplifier at 24.25-28 GHz in 150-nm GaN-on-SiC pseudomorphic high-electron mobility transistor (pHEMT) technology from WIN semiconductors. Since the desired operating band is closer to the ft of the transistor, the optimized impedances change quickly when the frequency is changed. Accordingly, it is difficult to achieve a wide bandwidth. To solve this problem, the characteristics of the transistor are investigated. Then, a two-stage power amplifier is proposed. The power amplifier (PA) shows a simulated gain of greater than 18 dB and output power of 23-24 dBm. Within the operating band, the power added efficiency (PAE) is higher than 30%, with a peak value of 33.5% at 25 GHz. The power consumption is less than 0.77 W, and the circuit area is 2.5×0.8 mm2.
Spectral Feature Selection Via Low Rank Decomposition and Local Preservation

Feature selection is an important step in data mining and pattern recognition tasks. In unsupervised cases, feature selection becomes more difficult due to the lack of labels in the samples. Therefore, this paper proposes a spectral feature selection (JLRDLP) algorithm that combines low rank decomposition and local preservation. First, the model predicts pseudo-labels using spectral clustering, which jointly learns the cluster labels and feature selection matrix, enabling the algorithm to select more discriminative features. In order to realize the selection of data features, the feature selection matrix is guaranteed to be sparse by $\mathbf{L}_{2,1}$ -norm minimization constraint; the projection matrix is decomposed into the product of two low-rank matrices to reveal the global correlation of data features; The idea is to preserve the local geometry of the data when transforming the original data into a low-dimensional space. Finally, the experimental results on multiple real datasets show that the above has better robustness, thus improving the effect of the classification.
Sorting of Fruits/Vegetables using Convolutional Neural Network: A Review

This study presents a review of recent research works using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for sorting fruits and vegetables. The authors discuss about the various approaches that have been proposed, including image-based methods and sensor-based methods, and evaluate their performance in terms of accuracy, speed, and robustness. The paper also highlights the challenges that remain in this area of research, such as handling variations in lighting and texture, and discusses potential future directions for improving the performance of CNN-based fruit and vegetable sorting systems. Overall, the paper provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of the art in this field and offers insights for researchers and practitioners working on developing automated fruit and vegetable sorting systems.
A Low-Profile Programmable Metasurface Excited by Fabry-Perot Cavity for Beam Steering

A low-profile programmable metasurface based on Fabry-Perot cavity with 1-bit coding is proposed working at the frequency of 5 GHz, which has the compact nature and the ability of beam steering. The basic principle and overall structure of the programmable metasurface are presented. The simulated amplitudes and phases of meta-atoms and scattering patterns are investigated. Due to its compactness, this metasurface is promising in applications like radar-cross-section reduction, radar, imaging, and wireless communications.