Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Decentralized Dynamic Scheduling of TCPS Flows and a Simulator for Time-sensitive Networking

Cybersickness and control-loop instabilities are two main concerns in Tactile Cyber-Physical Systems (TCPS). TCPS applications demand stringent bounds on end-to-end latencies to avoid their occurrences. Traditional best-effort networks cannot guarantee packet latencies in the presence of external traffic. However, emerging deterministic networks such as IEEE 802.1 Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) can isolate time-critical flows from external traffic using IEEE 802.1Qbv Time-Aware Shaper (TAS) to guarantee bounded end-to-end packet latencies. In this work, we develop eDDSCH-TSN, a decentralized dynamic scheduling protocol to configure non-overlapping gate slots in TAS-enabled TSN switches to support TCPS flows. eDDSCH-TSN supports plug-and-play operation of compatible TCPS terminals with guaranteed minimal end-to-end packet latencies. Compared to the state-of-the-art, eDDSCH-TSN provides three orders lower end-to-end packet latencies for TCPS flows in mid-size networks with 10 hops between source and destination terminals. Further, we also present PYTSN, an open-source discrete-event TSN simulator that we use for evaluating eDDSCH-TSN. In particular, we use PYTSN to show the isolation of TCPS flows from external traffic and plug-and-play operation of TCPS terminals.
A practical review over surface modification, nanopatterns, emerging materials, drug delivery systems, and their biophysiochemical properties for dental implants: Recent progresses and advances

Abstract In this paper, we reviewed the recent advances in nanoscale modifications and evaluated their potential for dental implant applications. Surfaces at the nanoscale provide remarkable features that can be exploited to enhance biological activities. Herein, titanium and its alloys are considered as the main materials due to their background as Ti-based implants, which have been yielding satisfactory results over long-term periods. At first, we discussed the survivability and the general parameters that have high impacts on implant failure and the necessities of nanoscale modification. Afterward, fabrication techniques that can generate nanostructures on the endosseous implant body are categorized as mechanical, chemical, and physical methods. These techniques are followed by biomimetic nanotopographies (e.g., nanopillars, nanoblades, etc.) and their biological mechanisms. Alongside the nanopatterns, the applications of nanoparticles (NPs) including metals, ceramics, polymers, etc., as biofunctional coating or delivery systems are fully explained. Finally, the biophysiochemical impacts of these modifications are discussed as essential parameters for a dental implant to provide satisfactory information for future endeavors.
Clinical evaluation and management of calcific tendinopathy: an evidence-based review

Abstract Calcific tendinopathy (CT) is an important musculoskeletal condition most commonly seen in the shoulder girdle, accounting for 10–42% of all shoulder pain. Despite the high prevalence within the shoulder region, CT has been demonstrated in many tendons throughout the axial and appendicular skeleton. Unlike degenerative tendinopathies, CT appears to be a self-limiting condition that affects otherwise-healthy tendon with deposition of calcium hydroxyapatite crystals between healthy tenocytes. In patients with functionally limiting symptoms or pain, the clinical course may be accelerated through a multitude of treatments including physical therapy and pain management, extracorporeal shock wave therapy, ultrasound-guided percutaneous lavage (UGPL), and operative debridement. Currently, the most efficacious and frequently utilized treatment for shoulder CT is UGPL due to its ability to effectively reduce calcium burden and pain while limiting soft-tissue damage. However, more evidence regarding the treatment and course of CT is needed before determining the most appropriate treatment at all potential sites of CT.
Is it possible to treat nonalcoholic liver disease using a flavanol-based nutraceutical approach? Basic and clinical data

Abstract Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by a spectrum of diseases, ranging from simple steatosis to hepatocellular carcinoma. The main factors for NAFLD are closely related to obesity, insulin resistance, intestinal microbiota alterations, hyperinsulinism, low-grade systemic inflammation, nitroxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Currently, the treatment of NAFLD is based on diet and exercise because, to date, there is no specific pharmacological agent, already approved, that raises the need for new therapeutic strategies. Nutraceuticals, such as polyphenols, have potential beneficial effects for health. In this article, the beneficial effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and (−)-epicatechin (EC) are discussed. EGCG is the main catechin in green tea, which has shown in various studies its potential effect preventing and treating NAFLD since it has shown antihyperlipidemic, anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, antioxidant, and improvement of liver lipid metabolism. However, it has been found that excessive consumption may cause hepatotoxicity. EC is widely distributed in nature (fruits and vegetables). This flavanol has shown many beneficial effects, including antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperglycemic, antithrombotic, and antifibrotic properties. It increases mitochondrial biogenesis, and it also has effects on the regulation of synthesis and metabolism of lipids. This flavanol is a nontoxic substance; it has been classified by the United States Food and Drug Administration as harmless. The EC-induced effects can be useful for the prevention and/or treatment of NAFLD.
Graded Voltage Control Strategy for Clustering Wind Farms Based on Doubly-fed Induction Generators

The characteristics of clustering wind farms are strongly coupled between reactive power and voltage of wind farms and poor communication reliability.Based on these characteristics,this paper proposes a graded voltage control strategy.In the control strategy,doubly-fed induction generators(DFIGs) are main reactive power resources because of their high reliable reactive power generation ability and capacitors/static var compensators(SVCs) are auxiliary reactive power resources.This makes the strategy independent of high speed and high reliability communication between DFIGs and wind farm automatic voltage control(AVC) system.According to the grid operation condition,the PQ curve of DFIG is calculated previously.Based on the pre-setting PQ curve,the reactive power output of DFIG is adjusted automatically to eliminate voltage fluctuation caused by change of active power output.Only when the grid operation condition changes significantly,the PQ curve need to be updated,that means the PQ curve need not be calculated in real time.When the voltage control aim is not achieved or the updating of PQ curve does not finish,capacitors/SVCs are then used to control voltage,which is called the secondary voltage control.Simulations on a real clustering wind farms in northern China is carried out.The results show that the probability of wind generators' cascading disconnection from power grid is reduced effectively with the proposed graded voltage control strategy.Communication failures between DFIGs and wind farm AVC system have no influences on control effect.
Merit Pay and Better Teaching

THERE IS A DEEPLY ingrained conviction among American people that the prime motivator of excellence is money, preferably more money than is being received at any given point in time. This is, of course, the concept of the "economic man," which has been decried both by perceptive labor leaders (1) and many students of business and industry (2). This conviction derives, no doubt, from a further conviction that a business is run solely for profit and that without the profit motive, effective and efficient business would wither away to be replaced by a vast, planned, inefficient bureaucracy.
Public Education and the Education of the Public

I had the pleasure of knowing John Dewey during the last few years of his life and of talking with him on any number of occasions. I shall never forget the first time I met him, when he was ninety. We had a mutual friend in Sing-nan Fen, who had translated Dewey's works in China and had then come to the United States to study philosophy of education and in the process had come to know Dewey. (Fen, incidentally, now teaches at the University of Nebraska.) Fen asked me quite unexpectedly one evening whether I would be willing to deliver a package for him to the Dewey apartment on my way home, and I said of course I would. The Dewey s at that time lived in an apartment at 97th Street and Fifth Avenue. I went on up and rang the bell and Mrs. Dewey came to the door and graciously accepted the package and asked whether I would like to meet Professor Dewey. I said it would be a privilege and was promptly ushered into the study, where Dewey was pecking away at an ancient typewriter, using two fingers. He looked up, smiled, greeted me warmly, said he was working on an article dealing with the improvement in his concept of interaction that the term "transaction" had made possible, and then asked quite bluntly, "What do you think, Mr. Cremin? " It was one of those occasions when the lips move but the words have trouble coming out. The words did come, and the point is we had a lively conversation for about a half-hour, in which at the age of twenty-three I was treated as an absolute equal. As I said, I shall never forget it.
Positive strand RNA viruses differ in the constraints they place on the folding of their negative strand

Genome replication of positive strand RNA viruses requires the production of a complementary negative strand RNA that serves as a template for synthesis of more positive strand progeny. Structural RNA elements are important for genome replication, but while they are readily observed in the positive strand, evidence of their existence in the negative strand is more limited. We hypothesised that this was due to viruses differing in their capacity to allow this latter RNA to adopt structural folds. To investigate this, ribozymes were introduced into the negative strand of different viral constructs; the expectation being that if RNA folding occurred, negative strand cleavage and suppression of replication would be seen. Indeed this was what happened with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and feline calicivirus (FCV) constructs. However, little or no impact was observed for chikungunya virus (CHIKV), human rhinovirus (HRV), hepatitis E virus (HEV) and yellow fever virus (YFV) constructs. Reduced cleavage in the negative strand proved to be due to duplex formation with the positive strand. Interestingly, ribozyme-containing RNAs also remained intact when produced in vitro by the HCV polymerase, again due to duplex formation. Overall, our results show that there are important differences in the conformational constraints imposed on the folding of the negative strand between different positive strand RNA viruses.
Lipid-mediated nuclear moonlighting of cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in plant heat response

Cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPC) is a glycolytic enzyme, but it undergoes stress-induced nuclear translocation for moonlighting and regulating gene expression. To elucidate how the cytosolic enzyme moves into the nuclei under stress, we show that the plasma membrane-associated phospholipase Dδ(PLDδ) and its product phosphatidic acid (PA) promote heat-induced nuclear translocation of GAPC. The GAPC nuclear accumulation and Arabidopsis seedling tolerance to heat stress were reduced in pldδ, which was restored by genetic complementation with intact PLDδ, but not with catalytically inactive enzyme. GAPC overexpression enhanced the seedling thermotolerance and the expression of heat-inducible genes, but this was not observed when GAPC was overexpressed in the pldδ background. The GAPC nuclear accumulation and seedling thermotolerance were also decreased by application with a vesicle trafficking inhibitor brefeldin A (BFA) or zinc that inhibited the PA-GAPC interaction. Heat stress elevated PA levels in nuclei from wild-type, but not from pldδ and BFA-treated plants. Lipid labeling and fluorescence resonance energy transfer analyses demonstrated heat-induced nuclear co-localization of PA and GAPC, which was impaired by BFA or zinc treatment. Taken together, our data suggest that PLDδ-produced PA mediates nuclear translocation of GAPC via lipid-protein interaction and vesicle trafficking for plants to cope with heat. One sentence summary The lipid mediator phosphatidic acid produced by a plasma membrane-associated phospholipase D mediates the nuclear moonlighting of cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase under heat.
Egg-adaptation pathway of human influenza H3N2 virus is contingent on natural evolution

Egg-adaptive mutations in influenza hemagglutinin (HA) often emerge during the production of egg-based seasonal influenza vaccines, which contribute to the largest share in the global influenza vaccine market. While some egg-adaptive mutations have minimal impact on the HA antigenicity (e.g. G186V), others can alter it (e.g. L194P). Here, we show that the preference of egg-adaptation pathway in human H3N2 HA is strain-dependent. In particular, Thr160 and Asn190, which are found in many recent H3N2 strains, restrict the emergence of L194P but not G186V. Our results further suggest that natural amino acid variants at other HA residues also play a role in determining the egg-adaptation pathway. Consistently, recent human H3N2 strains from different clades acquire different mutations during egg passaging. Overall, these results demonstrate that natural mutations in human H3N2 HA can influence the egg-adaption pathway, which has important implications in seed strain selection for egg-based influenza vaccine.
Dissociable neural correlates of multisensory coherence and selective attention

Previous work has demonstrated that performance in an auditory selective attention task can be enhanced or impaired, depending on whether a task-irrelevant visual stimulus is temporally coherent with a target auditory stream or with a competing distractor. However, it remains unclear how audiovisual (AV) temporal coherence and auditory selective attention interact at the neurophysiological level. Here, we measured neural activity using EEG while human participants (men and women) performed an auditory selective attention task, detecting deviants in a target audio stream. The amplitude envelope of the two competing auditory streams changed independently, while the radius of a visual disk was manipulated to control the AV coherence. Analysis of the neural responses to the sound envelope demonstrated that auditory responses were enhanced largely independently of the attentional condition: both target and masker stream responses were enhanced when temporally coherent with the visual stimulus. In contrast, attention enhanced the event-related response evoked by the transient deviants, largely independently of AV coherence. These results provide evidence for dissociable neural signatures of bottom-up (coherence) and top-down (attention) effects in AV object formation. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Temporal coherence between auditory stimuli and task-irrelevant visual stimuli can enhance behavioral performance in auditory selective attention tasks. However, how audiovisual temporal coherence and attention interact at the neural level has not been established. Here, we measured EEG during a behavioral task designed to independently manipulate audiovisual coherence and auditory selective attention. While some auditory features (sound envelope) could be coherent with visual stimuli, other features (timbre) were independent of visual stimuli. We find that audiovisual integration can be observed independently of attention for sound envelopes temporally coherent with visual stimuli, while the neural responses to unexpected timbre changes are most strongly modulated by attention. Our results provide evidence for dissociable neural mechanisms of bottom-up (coherence) and top-down (attention) effects on audiovisual object formation.
Three Models of Vaccination Strategies Against Cryptococcosis in Immunocompromised Hosts Using Heat-Killed Cryptococcus neoformans Δsgl1

Vaccines are one of the greatest medical accomplishments to date, yet no fungal vaccines are currently available in humans mainly because opportunistic mycoses generally occur during immunodeficiencies necessary for vaccine protection. In previous studies, a live, attenuated Cryptococcus neoformans Δsgl1 mutant accumulating sterylglucosides was found to be avirulent and protected mice from a subsequent lethal infection even in absence of CD4+ T cells, a condition most associated with cryptococcosis (e.g., HIV). Here, we tested three strategies of vaccination against cryptococcosis. First, in our preventative model, protection was achieved even after a 3-fold increase of the vaccination window. Second, because live C. neoformans Δsgl1-vaccinated mice challenged more than once with WT strain had a significant decrease in lung fungal burden, we tested C. neoformans Δsgl1 as an immunotherapeutic. We found that therapeutic administrations of HK C. neoformans Δsgl1 subsequent to WT challenge significantly improve the lung fungal burden. Similarly, therapeutic administration of HK C. neoformans Δsgl1 post WT challenge resulted in 100% or 70% survival depending on the time of vaccine administration, suggesting that HK Δsgl1 is a robust immunotherapeutic option. Third, we investigated a novel model of vaccination in preventing reactivation from lung granuloma using C. neoformans Δgcs1. Remarkably, we show that administration of HK Δsgl1 prevents mice from reactivating Δgcs1 upon inducing immunosuppression with corticosteroids or by depleting CD4+ T cells. Our results suggest that HK Δsgl1 represents a clinically relevant, efficacious vaccine that confers robust host protection in three models of vaccination against cryptococcosis even during CD4-deficiency. Importance Cryptococcosis results in ∼180,000 global deaths per year in immunocompromised individuals. Current antifungal treatment options are potentially toxic, lacking in areas of need, and exhibit limited efficacy. In addition to these lackluster therapeutic options, no fungal vaccines are currently available for clinical use. Due to the increasing rate of immunocompromised individuals, there is a dire need for the development of improved antifungal therapeutics. Presently, we have demonstrated the high efficacy of a clinically relevant heat-killed mutant strain of Cryptococcus neoformans in inducing advantageous host protection in three models of vaccination against cryptococcosis during immunodeficiencies most associated with this disease.
TYPE I INTERFERON-DEPENDENT CELLULAR REMODELING DURING ACUTE PULMONARY MHV INFECTION

Impaired type I interferon (IFN) responses are predictive of severe disease during pulmonary coronavirus infection. In the periphery, dampened IFN-responsiveness is associated with viremia and hypercytokinemia, however the resolution of IFN-dependent innate immune responses in the lungs remains limited. Here, we aimed to elucidate the early dynamics of antiviral immunity and define the IFN-dependent mechanisms limiting viral spread during pulmonary infection with the murine hepatitis virus (MHV), a beta-coronavirus. While several innate immune cell types infiltrated the lungs concomitant with viral replication, the influx of type I IFN-responsive myeloid cells was essential for viral containment and prevention of fatal disease. Combining high-resolution transcriptomic analysis and genetic attenuation of interferon signaling, we delineated IFN-dependent cell-intrinsic and population-based transcriptional changes that determined viral replication and inflammatory maturation, respectively. While monocyte-derived macrophages exhibited the strongest pro-inflammatory transcriptional reprogramming during pulmonary infection, these maturation programs were impaired in the absence of IFN-signalling. Instead, IFN-deficient monocyte-derived macrophages expressed genes encoding for neutrophil attractants and IL1β, resulting in enhanced lung injury. Our results reveal the requirement for type I IFN-induced antiviral states and inflammation-induced maturation programs to secure pulmonary viral containment.
The collaborative cross strains and their founders vary widely in cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization

Cocaine use and overdose deaths attributed to cocaine have increased significantly in the United States in the last 10 years. Despite the prevalence of cocaine use disorder (CUD) and the personal and societal problems it presents, there are currently no approved pharmaceutical treatments. The absence of treatment options is due, in part, to our lack of knowledge about the etiology of CUDs. There is ample evidence that genetics plays a role in increasing CUD risk but thus far, very few risk genes have been identified in human studies. Genetic studies in mice have been extremely useful for identifying genetic loci and genes, but have been limited to very few genetic backgrounds, leaving substantial phenotypic and genetic diversity unexplored. Herein we report the measurement of cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization using a 19-day protocol that captures baseline locomotor activity, acute locomotor response to cocaine and locomotor sensitization across 5 exposures to the drug. These behaviors were measured in 51 genetically diverse yet tractable Collaborative Cross (CC) strains along with their inbred founder strains. The CC was generated by crossing 8 genetically diverse inbred strains such that each inbred CC strain has genetic contributions from each of the founder strains. Inbred CC mice are infinitely reproducible and provide a stable, yet diverse genetic platform on which to study the genetic architecture and genetic correlations among phenotypes. We have identified significant differences in cocaine locomotor sensitivity and behavioral sensitization across the panel of CC strains and their founders. We have established relationships among cocaine sensitization behaviors and identified extreme responding strains that can be used in future studies aimed at understanding the genetic, biological and pharmacological mechanisms that drive addiction-related behaviors. Finally, we have determined that these behaviors exhibit relatively robust heritability making them amenable to future genetic mapping studies to identify addiction risk genes and genetic pathways that can be studied as potential targets for the development of novel therapeutics.
The Teaching Machine: Psychology's New Hobbyhorse

SINCE THE APPEARANCE in 1958 of Skinner's paper on teaching machines in Science (12), the teaching-machine movement has been growing in bandwagon fashion. Articles expounding the basic principles of the teaching machine appear with ever-increasing frequency in the general press and mass-circulation magazines, while reports of studies and general discussions on the subject occupy a growing portion of the programs of current professional meetings of psychologists, as well as of the contents of psychological and educational journals.1 Indeed, it is hardly an exaggeration to regard the current invasion by psychologists of the field of education as constituting something of a revolution within the psychological profession. Curiously enough, however, it has remained thus far a remarkably quiet and uncontested one. With a few isolated exceptions, such as Stolurow's (14) recent article, there has been little inclination to undertake a critical appraisal of this movement, the soundness and desirability of teaching machines being generally taken pretty much for granted.