Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rotation of the neutron-drip superfluid in pulsars: evidence for corotating vortices

The abrupt changes in the angular frequency of rotation seen in several pulsars are followed by relaxation of the angular frequency time-derivative Ω#78, assumed to be caused by angular momentum transfer to the inner-crust neutron superfluid. Quantitative calculations show that the large changes δΩ#78(t) observed in PSR 0355 + 54 and 0833 − 45 are not consistent with the relaxation of superfluid and pinned vortices, unless either the neutron star equation of state or the distribution of superfluid moment of inertia with vortex pinning energy has exceptional properties. However, a component in which the vortices are in almost exact corotation with the superfluid, and not with the solid crust, can have the appropriate relaxation
Modelado computacional del desarrollo óseo humano en la placa de crecimiento del fémur distal

Long bone elongation is mainly due to proliferation and hypertrophy of the chondrocytes in growth plates. Under the assumption that the behavior of these cells depends on biochemical and mechanical factors, a presentation is made of a Revista Cubana de Investigaciones Biomédicas. 2012; 31(2):308-317 http://scielo.sld. cu 309 computational finite element model simulating the behavior of the human distal femoral growth plate. A two-dimensional domain is used to identify the regions of metaphyseal and epiphyseal trabecular bone covering the growth plate and the inert and columnar cartilage regions. Model validation was based on the histology corresponding to the distal femoral growth plate of a two-year old boy. The results obtained show that the model simulates the growth and behavior of the metaphyseal plate as regulated by its cellular activity and mechanical loads.
Comparison of various wall conditionings on the reduction of H content and particle recycling in EAST

Reductions in H content and particle recycling are important for the improvement of ion cyclotron range of frequency (ICRF) minority heating efficiency and the enhancement of plasma performance of the EAST superconducting tokamak. During recent years several techniques of surface conditioning such as baking, glow discharge cleaning/ICRF discharge cleaning, surface coatings, such as boronization, siliconization and lithium coating, have all been attempted in order to reduce the H/(H+D) ratio and particle recycling in EAST. Even though boronization and siliconization were both reasonably effective methods to improve plasma performance, lithium coatings were observed to reduce the H content and particle recycling to levels low enough to allow the attainment of enhanced plasma parameters and operating modes on EAST. For example, by accomplishing lithium coating using either vacuum evaporation or the real-time injection of fine lithium powder, the H/(H+D) ratio could be routinely decreased to about 5%, which significantly improved ICRF minority heating efficiency during the autumn campaign of 2010. Due to the reduced H/(H+D) ratio and lower particle recycling, and a reduced H-mode power threshold, improved plasma confinement and the first EAST H-mode plasma were obtained. Furthermore, with increasing accumulation of deposited lithium, several new milestones of EAST performance, such as a 6.4 s-long H-mode, a 100 s-long plasma duration and a 1 MA plasma current, were achieved in the 2010 autumn campaign.
Nonlinear magnetohydrodynamic stability for axisymmetric incompressible ideal flows

In this paper, the general theory developed by Vladimirov and Moffatt [J. Fluid Mech.283, 125–139 (1995)] and Vladimirov et al. [J. Fluid Mech.329, 187–205 (1996); J. Plasma Phys.57, 89–120 (1997)] is extended to nonlinear (Lyapunov) stability for axisymmetric (invariant under rotations around fixed axis) solutions of the ideal incompressible magnetohydrodynamic flows for a situation of arbitrary flow and a poloidal field. The appropriate norm is the sum of magnetic and kinetic energies and the mean square vector potential of the magnetic field.
Algebraic postulates and a geometric interpretation for the Lewis calculus of strict implication

1. Two further postulates for a Boolean ring with a unit element. If addition, subtraction, and multiplication are properly defined in logic, it may be shown* that the postulates for these operations are identical with those in a ring, in which every element is idempotent, satisfying the postulate XX ~— X . Such a ring is called a Boolean ring. The postulates for a Boolean ring with a unit element are therefore the following :
Lowering of the Ionization Energy in a Plasma with Different Temperatures

The lowering of the ionization energy in a plasma is due to the interaction of all particle components. The magnitude of this effect in the Saha equation of a plasma in thermodynamic equilibrium has been treated in a number of investigations. Here we study the same problem for a plasma with different temperatures of the particle components. Each component is uniformly distributed in the configuration space and quasi‐Maxwellian in the velocity space. A generalized Saha equation is derived using the methods of irreversible thermodynamics. The lowering of the ionization energy can be calculated with the help of the correlation functions. It is given in terms of particle number density and temperatures.
Development of ultrahigh-speed CCD with maximum frame rate of 2 million frames per second

We developed a 300,000-pixel ultrahigh-speed CCD with a maximum frame rate of 2,000,000 frames per second. The shooting speed of the CCD was possible by directly connecting CCD memories, which record video images, to the photodiodes of individual pixels. The simultaneous parallel recording operation of all pixels results in the ultimate frame rate. We analyzed a voltage wave pattern in the equivalent circuit model of the ultrahigh-speed CCD by using a SPICE simulator to estimate the maximum frame rate. The pixel area was consisted of 410 and 720 pixels in the vertical and horizontal and divided into 8 blocks for parallel driving. An equivalent circuit of one block was constructed from an RC circuit with 410 × 90 pixels. The voltage wave pattern at the final stage of an equivalent circuit was calculated when a square wave pulse was input. Results showed that the square wave pulse became blunt when the driving speed was increased. After estimation, we designed the layout of the new ultrahigh-speed CCD V6 and fabricated the device. Results of an image capturing experiment indicated a saturation signal level of 100% that was maintained up to 300,000 frames per second. A saturation signal level of 50% was observed in 1,000,000 frames per second and of 13% in 2,000,000 frames per second. We showed that the maximum frame rate is dependent on a drop of the saturation signal level resulting from the driving voltage wave pattern becoming blunt.
H-1 design and construction

H-1 is a three-field period medium-sized heliac (R{sub 0} = 1 m, r = 0.22 m, and B{sub 0} = 1 T) nearing completion. It is intended for basic plasma physics studies, including finite systems. The authors discuss how its design allows a wide range of current-free magnetic configurations to be explored for their properties of equilibrium and stability.
The detection of cyclic nonlinearities in a ZMI2000 heterodyne interferometer

In this study, the non-linear errors in a commercial heterodyne interferometer are investigated. There are two types of cyclic nonlinearities present in heterodyne interferometers and it is desirable to be able to measure these nonlinearities in order to quantify the uncertainty of the interferometer setup. The current study investigates whether the nonlinearities can be detected by measuring the optical power of the interferometers output signal as a function of its phase. In theory, the optical power can be described as a perfect circle in polar coordinates in the absence of cyclic errors. The cyclic errors present, then manifest themselves as ellipticity of this circle and a translation of its centre. In this study large cyclic nonlinearities were deliberately introduced into a standard heterodyne interferometer setup, making them large enough to measure directly from the displacement data. Comparison with predicted nonlinearities calculated from the optical power data showed a good fit, indicating that it is possible to predict cyclic nonlinearities by reading the optical power from the measurement board.
Filter Regular Sequences and Generalized Local Cohomology Modules

Abstract Let 𝔞 be an ideal of a commutative Noetherian ring R and let M, N be finitely generated R-modules. We prove that whenever n is a positive integer such that i. (N) has a finitely many associated prime ideals; and, ii. (M, (N)) is finitely generated for all i = 1, 2,…, n − 1 then the set of associated prime ideals of generalized local cohomology module (M, N) is finite. As a consequence, we provide some sufficient conditions for finiteness of Ass R (M, N). Also, we show that if M has finite projective dimension d then (M, N) ≅ for any positive integer n and any 𝔞-filter regular sequence a 1,…, a n on N.
A local unit root test in mean for financial time series

A common financial trading strategy involves exploiting mean-reverting behaviour of paired asset prices. Since a unit root test can be used to determine which pairs of assets appear to exhibit mean-reverting behaviour, we propose a new Bayesian unit root to detect the presence of a local unit root vs. mean-reverting nonlinear smooth transition heteroskedastic alternative hypotheses. This test procedure is based on the posterior odds. For simultaneous estimation and inference, we employ an adaptive Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo scheme, which utilizes a mixture prior specification to solve the likelihood identification problem of the smoothing parameter and the autoregressive coefficient with a unit root. The size and power properties of the proposed method are examined via a simulation study. An empirical study examines the mean-reverting behaviour of price differential between stock and future.
Velocity and turbulence measurements of air flow through a packed bed

Mean velocity and turbulence measurements in the void spaces of a cubic packing of equal spheres have been made at Reynolds numbers of 27,000, 10,000, 5,000 and 2,500, where NRe is based on superficial air velocity and a sphere diameter of 7 cm. Two cubic arrangements were used: in the regular arrangement, the mean flow was parallel to one of the principal axes, while in the skewed arrangement, the mean flow made equal angles with the three principal axes of the packing. Transverse mean velocity and turbulence intensity profiles across the center line of a central pore have been measured behind every bank and behind the bed for the regular arrangement of ten banks of spheres. The power spectrum and probability distribution of the fluctuating velocity have also been determined.
Charge-gap formation upon the Verwey transition in Fe 3 O 4

The temperature-dependent electronic structure has been investigated for a single crystal of magnetite $({\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{4})$ by measurements of the optical-conductivity spectrum. Upon the charge-ordering (Verwey) transition ${(T}_{V}=121 \mathrm{K})$, a clear opening of the optical gap (0.14 eV) is observed. Above ${T}_{V},$ the optical conductivity spectra shows notable spectral weight transfer in the $\mathrm{Fe} 3d$ intersite transition region $(0\ensuremath{-}2 \mathrm{eV})$, while preserving the pseudogap or polaronic feature, indicating highly diffuse charge dynamics.
Thin film bulk acoustic wave filters for GPS

The design and analysis of ladder filters are discussed, and reports on progress to date in the implementation of these devices for Global Positioning System (GPS) applications are summarized. Results are described for a two-dimensional plate wave analysis that illustrates the effects of resonator size on spurious resonances that degrade filter performance. Ladder filters in the series/shunt configuration are fabricated with 5-12 resonators on a common membrane of AlN supported by a silicon substrate. Preliminary experimental results show that the ladder filters have a clean out-of-band response with some spurious responses near the passband region. The filter insertion loss in the experimental devices requires improvement. <<ETX>>
ADAPTATION OF PARAMETRIC UNIFORM CROSSOVER IN GENETIC ALGORITHM

Exploration of the search space occurs at the cost of destructing existing good solutions. This cost will grow as the search progresses. The parametric uniform crossover is a general form of the uniform crossover operator. Using this operator, it would be possible to control the swapping probability of each locus. An adaptive method proposed that control the value of the exchange probability of the parametric uniform crossover. The population will be diversified in case that the population’s diversity decreases. The recombination of the solutions would be done with regards to their fitness distance to reduce the amount of destruction of good solutions. The experiments conducted show significant improvement in the performance of the parametric uniform crossover in comparison with to the state-of-the-art methods.
MULTIPLICATIVE ERGODIC THEOREM ON FLAG BUNDLES OF SEMI-SIMPLE LIE GROUPS

Let $Q\rightarrow X$ be a principal bundle having as structural group $G$ a reductive Lie group in the Harish-Chandra class that includes the case when $G$ is semi-simple with finite center. A semiflow $\phi _{k}$ of endomorphisms of $Q$ induces a semiflow $\psi _{k}$ on the associated bundle $\mathbb{E}=Q\times _{G}\mathbb{F}$, where $\mathbb{F}$ is the maximal flag bundle of $G$. The $A$-component of the Iwasawa decomposition $G=KAN$ yields an additive vector valued cocycle $\mathsf{a}\left( k,\xi \right) $, $\xi \in \mathbb{E}$, over $\psi _{k}$ with values in the Lie algebra $\mathfrak{a}$ of $A$. We prove the Multiplicative Ergodic Theorem of Oseledets for this cocycle: If $\nu $ is a probability measure invariant by the semiflow on $X$ then the $\mathfrak{a}$-Lyapunov exponent $\lambda \left( \xi \right) =\lim \frac{1}{k}\mathsf{a}\left( k,\xi \right) $ exists for every $\xi $ on the fibers above a set of full $\nu $-measure. The level sets of $\lambda \left( \cdot \right) $ on the fibers are described in algebraic terms. When $\phi _{k}$ is a flow the description of the level sets is sharpened. We relate the cocycle $\mathsf{a}\left( k,\xi \right) $ with the Lyapunov exponents of a linear flow on a vector bundle and other growth rates.
The Association of Preoperative PET-CT and Survival in Patients with Resectable Cervical Cancer

Purpose: No randomized study with a long-term follow-up has investigated the effect of pretreatment 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography–computed tomography (18FDG-PET–CT) on the survival of patients with stage IB-IIA cervical cancer receiving curative surgery. Therefore, in this propensity score–matched, population-based cohort study, we investigated the effect of preoperative 18FDG-PET–CT on the survival outcomes of patients with potentially resectable cervical cancer. Patients and Methods: We included 2550 patients with stage IB-IIA cervical cancer receiving curative surgery with complete data on clinical stages. The patients were categorized into two 1:4 propensity, score–matched groups depending on whether they underwent pretreatment 18FDG-PET–CT, and their outcomes were compared. Results: We included 2030 and 520 patients with cervical cancer in the non-pretreatment and pretreatment PET–CT groups, respectively. Multivariable analyses revealed that the most prominent correlation between preoperative PET–CT and all-cause death was observed in the patients with stage IB–IIA cervical cancer receiving surgery (aHR [95% CI]: 1.16 [0.83–1.63]; p = 0.3752). Conclusions: Preoperative 18FDG-PET–CT was not associated with longer survival in the patients with clinical stage IB–IIA cervical cancer receiving curative surgery.
Impact of field-induced quantum confinement in tunneling field-effect devices

Being the working principle of a tunnel field-effect transistor, band-to-band tunneling is given a rigorous quantum mechanical treatment to incorporate confinement effects, multiple electron and hole valleys, and interactions with phonons. The model reveals that the strong band bending near the gate dielectric, required to create short tunnel paths, results in quantization of the energy bands. Comparison with semiclassical models reveals a big shift in the onset of tunneling. The effective mass difference of the distinct valleys is found to reduce the subthreshold swing steepness.
Positive transformations restricted to subspaces and inequalities among their proper values

Let A be a positive Hermitian transformation on an n-dimensional unitary space En with proper values al_ >a. Let bl? -? bk be the proper values of A|M, where M is a proper subspace of En and cl. c be the proper values of AIM1. Let i1 (a.-., a.)(a+,i1_1 * a,r,.-1). In this article generalizations of this inequality have been studied. Let A be a positive Hermitian linear transformation on a unitary space En with proper values a,> . >an. Let M be a proper subspace of En. Let the proper values of AIM be bi> . >bh and the proper values of AIM' be cl > >Ck. Then N. Aronszajn [4] has given the inequality - O for all $0. An orthonormal set {oc1,. , Ok} will be indicated by {ap,} o.n. The subspace spanned by the set {ocl, * *, oCk} will be denoted by [IX1, * *,k]. We write dim M=h if the dimension of the subspace M is h. If A is a linear transformation on a unitary space En and if M is a subspace of En, then we define a linear transformation AIM as follows: if geM, let [AIM]$=PAd, where P is the orthogonal projection on M. We observe that if oc and f3eM, then ([A|M]oc, /3)=(PAoy, f5)=(Ao, O3). It follows that if A is Hermitian (positive), then so is AIM. If jp_ip, for p=1, * * *, k, we write (jl,* jk)-< (ii, i, k) and say the sequence (il, * , ik) is greater than or equal to the sequence Received by the editors March 12, 1971. AMS 1969 subject classifications. Primary 1555, 1560.
Secure and authentic electronic patient records transmission scheme based on two-based number conversion

Abstract This paper presents a secure and authentic transmission scheme for electronic patient records. The goal of the proposed scheme is to improve the performance of another scheme proposed by Chao et al., based on the concept of data hiding. In their scheme, the electronic patient records are embedded into a cover image using bipolar tolerant error range multiple-based number conversion. A key chain is generated that is used to record the total number of base numbers used in the embedding procedure. In fact, the key chain not only consumes the hiding capacity, but also lowers security when it is embedded into the cover image. The proposed scheme improves the multiple-based number conversion by using two-based number conversion. The key chain is omitted in the proposed scheme. In addition, the magnitudes of 1 in the tolerant error range are fully used to improve the hiding capacity. Furthermore, all types of embedding data are processed in the same way. The experimental results show the validity of the proposed scheme and also demonstrate that redundant data are reduced and more hiding capacity can be achieved.
Spiral wave viscosity in self-gravitating accretion disks

N-body experiments on an accretion disk comprised of weakly self-gravitating particles in a background Keplerian potential are described. The results show that spiral waves are an important mechanism for the accretion of particles in a rotating disk via angular momentum losses. The spiral waves give a viscosity to the disk that transports angular momentum and causes the particles to spiral slowly toward the central mass. The rate of angular momentum loss is found to be proportional to the fractional disk mass as f exp 7/2. For a 1 percent self-gravitating disk, the time scale for total accretion is found to be on the order of a million rotation periods. An autocorrelation analysis shows that the fundamental potential perturbations are the spiral wakes described by Julian and Toomre (1966). Applications to quasars and protoplanetary disks are briefly discussed. 19 references.
Measurement of plasma diamagnetism by a coil located inside a conducting wall

A diamagnetic loop is installed inside the vacuum vessel of the Tortus tokamak. It consists of a ten turn diamagnetic coil and a graphite limiter. The low influence of the eddy currents in the vessel wall and relatively lower stray coupling on the diamagnetic signal make the measurement feasible. The experimental results, when plasma current ramped down, have shown that the plasma is paramagnetic for plasma current Ip≳9 kA and diamagnetic for plasma current Ip<9 kA. The measurement method, detail of the experiment system, and illustrative results are presented.
Extension of the log-rank test

For the comparison of two groups of survival times subject to censoring the log-rank test is widely used. The log-rank test is known to be asymptotically fully efficient for the proportional hazards alternatives. But if the ratio of the hazards changes, the log-rank test may not detect the difference between the two groups. In this article a new test procedure is proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed test procedure provides good power against alternatives, where the hazard ratio between the two groups changes across 1.
Density-Scaled Balanced Continuum Surface Force Model with a Level Set Based Curvature Interpolation Technique

We examine the recently-proposed density-scaled balanced CSF (continuum surface force) model with a level set based curvature interpolation technique. The density-scaled balanced CSF model is combined with a numerical framework which is based on the CLSVOF (coupled level set and volume-of-fluid) method, the THINC/WLIC (tangent of hyperbola for interface capturing/weighted line interface calculation) scheme, multi-moment methods (CIP-CSLR and VSIAM3). The present CSF model is examined for various bench mark problems such as drop-drop collisions and drop splashing. Comparisons of the present model results with experimental observations and those from the other CSF models show that the present CSF model can minimize spurious current and capture complicated fluid phenomena with minimizing floatsam.
GaInAsP/InP Multiple-Layered Quantum-Wire Lasers Fabricated by CH4/H2 Reactive-Ion Etching.

GaInAsP/InP multiple-layered quantum-wire lasers with the wire width of 21 nm in the period of 100 nm were realized by CH4/H2 reactive-ion etching followed by slight wet chemical etching and embedding growth by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy. A threshold current density as low as 1.45 kA/cm2 was obtained with the cavity length of 980 µm. To our knowledge, this is the lowest value reported for 1.55 µm GaInAsP/InP quantum-wire lasers fabricated by the etching and regrowth method. Because of the temperature dependence of the lasing wavelength, a relatively large blue shift of 47 meV in the quantum-wire laser was observed, which can be attributed to not only a lateral quantum confinement effect but also a three-dimensional compressive strain effect. Finally, we improved the initial wafer structure in order to suppress over-etching of the active region, and obtained lasers consisting of a five-layered wirelike active region with good size uniformity (wire width of 42 nm, period of 120 nm). A threshold current density as low as 540 A/cm2 was obtained with the cavity length of 1.38 mm.