Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of the secondary x-point on the scrape-off layer transport in the TCV snowflake minus divertor

The snowflake (SF) magnetic configuration is investigated as a potential power exhaust solution for a fusion reactor, but also to improve our understanding of divertor physics in general. Unlike a conventional single null (SN), it features an additional nearby x-point, which deeply modifies the magnetic field in the scrape-off layer (SOL) and can thereby affect parallel and cross-field transport of heat and particles. This paper investigates the power exhaust properties of the snowflake minus (SF-) configuration on the TCV tokamak, for Ohmically heated, L-mode, low-density, attached plasmas for a range of x-point separations, magnetic field directions and locations of the secondary x-point (low-field-side (LFS) or high-field-side (HFS)). Due to the relatively large x-point separation in physical space, this study probes x-point transport features in general, rather than reactor relevant aspects of the SF configuration. The target heat fluxes at all strike points are simultaneously monitored with an infrared (IR) thermography system and the kinetic profiles of the SOL at the outer mid-plane with a reciprocating probe (RCP). The placement of the additional x-point is seen to affect the inner-outer divertor power balance. An effective heat flux width for the SOL in the low poloidal field region is inferred from the measured power repartition between the two SOL manifolds created by the secondary x-point. For the LFS SF- configuration (secondary null in the LFS SOL), the is two times larger than that measured by the RCP at the outer mid-plane and by IR at the outer target of a comparable SN, while the outer mid-plane SOL profiles are similar to the SN. This is interpreted as the effect of increased effective cross-field diffusivity in the intra-null region relative to the rest of the SOL. For the HFS SF- configuration (secondary null in the HFS SOL), no such increased transport is observed. The pressure-driven plasma convection expected near the primary null cannot explain the increased , which is instead consistent with interchange ballooning-like turbulence enhanced by the low poloidal field.
Omnidirectional and Broadband Light Absorption Enhancement in 2-D Photonic-Structured Organic Solar Cells

The effect of 2-D photonic structures on omnidirectional and broadband light absorption enhancement in organic solar cells (OSCs) is analyzed using a combination of theoretical simulation and experimental optimization. The photonic structures in the active layer, with a blend system of poly[4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy] benzo[1,2-b:4,5-bA]dithiophene-2,6-diyl][3-fluoro-2-[(2- ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4-b]-thiophenediyl]:[6,6]-phenyl-C70- butyric-acid-methyl-ester (PTB7:PC70BM), were prepared by the nanoimprint method. It shows that the 2-D photonic structures enable not only broadband but also omnidirectional absorption enhancements in the PTB7:PC70BM-based OSCs over a broader angle range of the incident light, leading to >11% increase in the power conversion efficiency, as compared to an optimal planar control cell. A weak angular dependency on light absorption is a unique feature of the photonic-structured OSCs, which is useful for different applications.
Ultrafast on‐Chip Remotely‐Triggered All‐Optical Switching Based on Epsilon‐Near‐Zero Nanocomposites

On‐chip‐triggered all‐optical switching is a key component of ultrahigh‐speed and ultrawide‐band information processing chips. This switching technique, the operating states of which are triggered by a remote control light, paves the way for the realization of cascaded and complicated logic processing circuits and quantum solid chips. Here, a strategy is reported to realize on‐chip remotely‐triggered, ultralow‐power, ultrafast, and nanoscale all‐optical switching with high switching efficiency in integrated photonic circuits. It is based on control‐light induced dynamic modulation of the coupling properties of two remotely‐coupled silicon photonic crystal nanocavities, and extremely large optical nonlinearity enhancement associated with epsilon‐near‐zero multi‐component nanocomposite achieved through dispersion engineering. Compared with previous reports of on‐chip direct‐triggered all‐optical switching, the threshold control intensity, 560 kW/cm2, is reduced by four orders of magnitude, while maintaining ultrafast switching time of 15 ps. This not only provides a strategy to construct photonic materials with ultrafast and large third‐order nonlinearity, but also offers an on‐chip platform for the fundamental study of nonlinear optics.
Millimetre-wave high-gain circularly polarised SIW end-fire bow-tie antenna by utilising semi-planar helix unit cell

In this work, a high-gain circularly polarised (CP) substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) bow-tie antenna is presented. The proposed antenna includes a pair of bow-tie radiators. To centralisation radiated pattern and recede side lobe and back lobe level two tilted rows of metalised via hole at the end of the SIW feed line is used. The methods of increasing the antenna gain and generating the CP are discussed. The proposed antenna was fabricated to validate simulated results. The designed structure operates across 40-68 GHz and exhibits a gain of 10-12.5 dBic. In addition, the proposed antenna exhibits a 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth from 54 to 64.3 GHz.
Dec-Safe: Dynamic Decision Generation Mechanism for Delivering Safety Services in Vehicular Networks

In this work, a real-time decision generation mechanism, termed as Dec-Safe, is proposed for delivering adaptive safety-linked decisions dynamically to the customers/users. None of the existing models on road transportation addressed the problems associated with the dispatch of customized and safety-based information to the users. We introduce an adaptive decision-generation mechanism for the Safety-as-a-Service (Safe-aaS) platform. The safety services are provided to the users in the form of safety decisions, depending upon their requirement. The users may select either a static or a dynamic approach to avail these services. We consider that the values of these static parameters do not change regularly with time. However, based on their necessity, the users may request additional decision variables and pay extra charges. We introduce relationship mapping of the generated decisions with the decision/safety-related parameters demanded by the users, to minimize the complexity in computation and reduce the memory space required at server end. On the other hand, in case of dynamic approach, the value of decision variables dynamically vary from their origin to destination. We introduce the concept of decision clustering for the decision variables chosen by the users, and apply maximum likelihood estimation to group the similar decision variables. We analyze the cost incurred by the users for choosing the static and the dynamic approaches. Further, we perform a detailed analysis of the proposed scheme, Dec-Safe, which demonstrates that as the number of iterations is incremented, the average memory space decreases by 20–30%, in case of static approach. On the other hand, in dynamic approach, the effective residual energy decreases by 2–3%, response time delay per user is mostly constant with increasing number of iteration for different user range $50\! -\! 250$.
Aerial and underwater sound of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)

Unmanned aerial vehicles/systems (UAV/UAS, drones) are increasingly being used for terrestrial and marine ecological surveying and research. Studies on the potential disturbance of fauna by UAVs have been sparse, with most reports on the behavioral responses of birds. Responses of marine mammals have been reported in the case of pinnipeds on land, with very limited information on marine mammals at sea. Whether the stimulus was visual (the UAV or its shadow) or acoustic (noise) is unknown. While UAV technology is developing fast, guidelines for the responsible use of UAVs around fauna are lagging behind. We recorded aerial and underwater sound from four aerial drones in different environments. Sound spectra exhibited distinct tones <2 kHz. Median broadband source levels were 77–89 dB re 20 μPa rms at 1 m in air. Under water, median broadband received levels were <100 dB re 1 μPa rms varying with drone altitude, flight mode, and recorder depth. Drone power spectral density exceeded underwater ambient levels.
The reciprocity gap method for a cavity in an inhomogeneous medium

We consider an interior inverse medium problem of reconstructing the shape of a cavity. Both the measurement locations and point sources are inside the cavity. Due to the lack of a priori knowledge of physical prosperities of the medium inside the cavity and to avoid the computation of background Green's functions, the reciprocity gap method is employed. We prove the related theory and present some numerical examples for validation.
Preventive measures of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A retrospective analysis

Diabetes is a major and rising public health challenge which looms to devastate medical services in the future. Type 2 diabetes deliberates significant morbidity and mortality, with target organ damage to the eyes, kidneys, nerves and heart. Prevention is always the best medicine for all comorbid and non-comorbid illness. This review aims to recapitulate the lifestyle, pharmacological and surgical therapies targeted preventing diabetes and pre diabetes. Various pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions are studied.
Interaction of the Radiation Physics in Daily Life: a multidisciplinary experimental setup for physics teaching

Este trabalho aborda conceitos associados à interação da radiação eletromagnética com a matéria, através de uma aplicação experimental de baixo custo, capaz de gerar imagens digitais comumente utilizadas em áreas de medicina nuclear, radiodiagnósticos, ciências ambientais, indústria, etc. Além de aproximar ao funcionamento básico de tecnologias inovadoras, esta prática também tem por objetivo permitir ao aluno compreender as leis f́ısicas associadas, que normalmente são apresentadas nas disciplinas teóricas, mas que o aluno geralmente tem dificuldade de compreensão. O kit é baseado na detecção da radiação gama, abordando fenômenos associados a interação de fótons com a matéria, leis do inverso do quadrado da distância e de atenuação de um feixe de fótons, ângulo sólido e resolução de imagens. Palavras-chave: interação de fótons com a matéria, radiação gama, contador Geiger-Müller, geração de imagens
Protective Efficiency of Pterocarpus erinaceus Leaves Extract in Carbon-tetrachloride-induced Hepatic and Hematological Injuries in Rats

Aims: Chemical toxicity is one of the major leading causes of tissues injuries, which impair the tissue’s ability to maintain normal physiological functions. Pterocarpus erinaceus is a medicinal plant use as traditional remedy for the treatment of several disorders associated with tissues injuries. This study therefore aimed at investigating tissues protective efficiency of Pterocarpus erinaceus leaves extract in carbon-tetrachloride-induced hepatic and hematological injuries in rats. Materials and Methods: Leaves of Pterocarpus erinaceous after collection were air-dried and pulverized. It was extracted with methanol and the methanolic extracts were used. Acute toxicity and hepatoprotective studies against CCl4 toxicity were conducted. Rats were grouped into; Group 1: Normal control (liquid paraffin, vehicle 1ml.kg), Group 2: Negative control (received 1ml/kg CCl4), Group 3: Positive control (received 1ml/kg CCl4 +100ml/kg Silymarin), Group 4-6: Extract treated rats (received 1ml/kg CCl4 + varied doses of Extracts at 100, 200, and 400mg/kg body weight of rats). The treatment was done daily via oral means for 14 days. Results: The results of the acute toxicity study showed Pterocarpus erinaceus extract safe with LD50 greater than 5000mg/kg body weight. This study reveals Pterocarpus erinaceus able to ameliorate CCl4 toxicity by minimizing damage to hepatic and hematological tissues. Histological study of the rats’ hepatic cells further unveils the protective ability of the plant extract against severity of CCl4-mediate hepatic architectural damage. Conclusion: Pterocarpus erinaceus leaves possess components with tissue-protective properties hence the need to harness it for utilization.
La limite de la solution de ut = Δp um lorsque m → ∞

On etudie pour 1 0] dans L 1 (R N ), pour tout t>0, avec w l'unique solution de : w ∈ L 1 (R N ) ∩ W 1,p (R N ), Δ p w ∈ L 1 (R N ), w ≥ 0, 0 ≤ Δ p w + f ≤ 1 et w (Δ p ω + f − 1) = 0.
One for More: Sparse Group Lasso for Multitarget Device-Free Localization With Single-Target Fingerprint Database Under RFID System

Device-free localization (DFL) has become a hot spot in the field of indoor localization in recent years since DFL does not need the target to be localized to carry a device. Fingerprinting is a data-driven approach and does not require line-of-sight propagation. However, the problem is that the complexity of the fingerprint database exponentially increases with the number of targets. This makes the fingerprinting-based multitarget DFL a complex problem. In this article, we propose a sparse group lasso-based DFL (SGL-DFL) scheme to realize multitarget DFL with a traditional single-target fingerprint database. SGL-DFL contains two phases: in the phase of fuzzy coarse localization, we use a weighted voting method to generate a heatmap. Taking the local maximums as group centers, we propose a simultaneous outlier elimination and grouping scheme to obtain several groups of possible reference fingerprints. The average hot value of each group is used to evaluate the likelihood that the target exists in each group. In the phase of fine localization, the multitarget DFL is formulated as a multicomponent optimization technique in the form of sparse group lasso. Compared with existing fingerprinting-based multitarget DFL, SGL-DFL not only considers the collective influence of multiple targets on wireless signals but also considers the fingerprint matching degree of each target. Moreover, SGL-DFL does not need to know the location of the communication node. Experimental evaluations in a $4\times8$ m area in an indoor warehouse environment achieved the mean distance error of 0.85, 1.40, and 1.45 m for two-, three-, and four-target localizations, respectively.
Online Glucose Prediction Using Computationally Efficient Sparse Kernel Filtering Algorithms in Type-1 Diabetes

Streaming data from continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems enable the recursive identification of models to improve estimation accuracy for effective predictive glycemic control in patients with type-1 diabetes. A drawback of conventional recursive identification techniques is the increase in computational requirements, which is a concern for online and real-time applications such as the artificial pancreas systems implemented on handheld devices and smartphones where computational resources and memory are limited. To improve predictions in such computationally constrained hardware settings, efficient adaptive kernel filtering algorithms are developed in this paper to characterize the nonlinear glycemic variability by employing a sparsification criterion based on the information theory to reduce the computation time and complexity of the kernel filters without adversely deteriorating the predictive performance. Furthermore, the adaptive kernel filtering algorithms are designed to be insensitive to abnormal CGM measurements, thus compensating for measurement noise and disturbances. As such, the sparsification-based real-time model update framework can adapt the prediction models to accurately characterize the time-varying and nonlinear dynamics of glycemic measurements. The proposed recursive kernel filtering algorithms leveraging sparsity for improved computational efficiency are applied to both in-silico and clinical subjects, and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
A techno-economic quantification of carbon reduction strategies in the Trinidad and Tobago power generation sector using Carbon Emission Pinch Analysis (CEPA)

Abstract Trinidad and Tobago’s (T&T) conditional commitment to the Paris Agreement requires an overall power emission avoidance (EAT) of 28.7 MtCO2-e from Business-As-Usual by 2030, dependent on international financing. T&T has outlined several initiatives to achieve this, including zero-carbon renewable energy (RE) introduction. However, other technologies such as Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) can also be used in support of achieving EAT. Using a specific scenario (S3), this study assesses the techno-economics of CCS within the sector to minimize the requirement of RE using a carbon measuring tool called Carbon Emission Pinch Analysis (CEPA) to achieve EAT. Local power plants were screened, and a CCS retrofit was then technically designed using a validated software called Aspen HYSYS. Multi-period CEPA methodology was then applied to quantify ∼17% of grid energy from RE along with CCS to achieve EAT. Economic models were also used to determine the grid unit cost of emission abatement for S3 to be 64 USD/tCO2-e; a doubling of initial projection requirements. With T&T’s current dynamics, these findings can help guide actions to reduce the requirements of RE onto the grid through the supplemental introduction of CCS to achieve its EAT.
Comparative transcriptomics reveals the role of altered energy metabolism in the establishment of single-cell C4 photosynthesis in Bienertia sinuspersici

Single-cell C4 photosynthesis (SCC4) in terrestrial plants without Kranz anatomy involves three steps: initial CO2 fixation in the cytosol, CO2 release in mitochondria, and a second CO2 fixation in central chloroplasts. Here, we investigated how the large number of mechanisms underlying these processes, which occur in three different compartments, are orchestrated in a coordinated manner to establish the C4 pathway in Bienertia sinuspersici, a SCC4 plant. Leaves were subjected to transcriptome analysis at three different developmental stages. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that SCC4 cycle genes are coexpressed with genes regulating cyclic electron flow and amino/organic acid metabolism, two key processes required for the production of energy molecules in C3 plants. Comparative gene expression profiling of B. sinuspersici and three other species (Suaeda aralocaspica, Amaranthus hypochondriacus, and Arabidopsis thaliana) showed that the direction of metabolic flux was determined via an alteration in energy supply in peripheral chloroplasts and mitochondria via regulation of gene expression in the direction of the C4 cycle. Based on these results, we propose that the redox homeostasis of energy molecules via energy metabolism regulation is key to the establishment of the SCC4 pathway in B. sinuspersici.
Estudiar de noche. Expectativas y desafíos de la experiencia universitaria de estudiantes que cursan un programa de pregrado vespertino

En las dos últimas décadas la matrícula de educación superior vespertina en Chile ha crecido considerablemente, dando cabida a estudiantes no tradicionales que despliegan su experiencia universitaria en una jornada vespertina. A pesar de su participación en el sistema y permanente oferta académica, la evidencia indica insuficiente gestión institucional para responder a sus necesidades e intereses, al mantenerse una estructura diseñada para la jornada diurna.Esta investigación busca conocer cómo estudiantes de pregrado vespertino de cinco universidades chilenas forjan su experiencia universitaria. A través del estudio cualitativo de los procesos de integración social y académica a la universidad, se describen las necesidades y desafíos de estas trayectorias formativas con miras a potenciarlas. Los hallazgos exhiben experiencias condicionadas al triple rol que el estudiantado vespertino despliega (padre/madre – estudiante – trabajador), junto a necesidades de apoyo ancladas a fines académicos y distintas expectativas formativas y objetivos personales, distinguiéndose diferencias según macrozona geográfica. Asimismo, se detecta mecanismos de apoyo institucional tensionados por las nuevas características de la matrícula. El estudio cobra relevancia dada la diversificación de los cuerpos estudiantiles y los fundamentos de equidad e inclusión asociados, siendo ello un criterio de calidad institucional definido por la Comisión Nacional de Acreditación.
Biomaterials in endodontics: a review

Biomaterials have evolved over the past three decades and are relatively specialized, highly biocompatible, but low-strength dental materials. Bioactive materials can interact with living tissues or systems. The newly emerging bioactive category of dental materials has expanded clinical uses in restorative dentistry and endodontics. Examples of bioactive materials are Calcium Silicate containing Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (Portland cement); Calcium Silicate cements lacking aluminium and containing phosphate: Bioagrregate, iRoot SP and iRoot BP (Endosequence), Calcium Silicate cements containing predominantly Tricalcium Silicate: Bio-active Glass, Calcium Phosphate based materials: Tricalcium Phosphate, Hydroxyapatite, Calcium Phosphate cements and Calcium Aluminate based materials: GIC based luting cements; Bioactive Glass. Other biomimetic materials include Emdogain, Platelet Rich Plasma, Platelet Rich Fibrin, Bone grafts and barrier membranes. Thus, the objective of this review was to compare and review the composition, and properties of these bioactive materials in endodontics
Algorithmes de majoration-minimisation. Application aux problèmes inverses de grande taille en signal/image

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Algorithmes de majoration-minimisation. Application aux problèmes inverses de grande taille en signal/image Emilie Chouzenoux
Nonparametric modelling for functional data: selected survey and tracks for future

ABSTRACT Nonparametric functional data analysis is a field whose development started some 15 years ago and there is a very extensive literature on the topic (hundreds of papers published now). The first aim of this survey is to discuss the state of art in the field through a necessarily selected, bibliographical survey. The second aim is to present a wide scope of open questions in order to promote further discussions. Our main purpose is restricted to methodological contributions and also to emphasize on kernel functional regression analysis before extending discussions in two directions: alternative techniques to kernel methods for functional regression and other statistical problems besides regression.