Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Review of the Soiling Effects on PV Module Performance

Photovoltaic (PV) systems are a popular renewable energy source globally, owing to their beneficial environmental and economic properties. However, their efficiency is impacted by various environmental and weather conditions, including dust accumulation, which harms the performance of solar cells, particularly in hot and dry regions. Several researchers have studied how to clean and minimize dust on PV modules. This paper reviews recent studies on the effects of dust on PV systems and effective cleaning methods. Some locations experience power losses of over 1% each day and 80% monthly efficiency reduction due to dust, which is substantial. This paper delivers a thorough review of the issue of dust on PV modules. It analyzes previous research on how photovoltaic (PV) systems function when exposed to a mix of dust accumulation and other environmental factors. It also delves into the development of models to forecast dust accumulation. Furthermore, it examines various aspects of PV module design, including the frequency of cleaning methods, economic factors, and their advantages and disadvantages. Additionally, the study identifies several research gaps that require further exploration. These gaps include developing artificial intelligence-based models for reducing dust accumulation, dynamic optimization models for cleaning schedules, as well as advanced techniques for predicting dust accumulation, taking into account environmental conditions and ageing procedures. This information is essential for engineers, designers, and researchers who work on PV systems.
Clinical Impact of Rapid Bacterial Microbiological Identification with the MALDI-TOF MS

Rapid microbiological reports to clinicians are related to improved clinical outcomes. We conducted a 3-year quasi-experimental design, specifically a pretest–posttest single group design in a university medical center, to evaluate the clinical impact of rapid microbiological identification information using MALDI-TOF MS on optimizing antibiotic prescription. A total of 363 consecutive hospitalized patients with bacterial infections were evaluated comparing a historical control group (CG) (n = 183), in which the microbiological information (bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility) was reported jointly to the clinician between 18:00 h and 22:00 h of the same day and a prospective intervention group (IG) (n = 180); the bacterial identification information was informed to the clinician as soon as it was available between 12:00 h and 14:00 h and the antibiotic susceptibility between 18:00 h and 22:00 h). We observed, in favor of IG, a statistically significant decrease in the information time (11.44 h CG vs. 4.48 h IG (p < 0.01)) from the detection of bacterial growth in the culture medium to the communication of identification. Consequently, the therapeutic optimization was improved by introducing new antibiotics in the 10–24 h time window (p = 0.05) and conversion to oral route (p = 0.01). Additionally, we observed a non-statistically significant decrease in inpatient mortality (global, p = 0.15; infection-related, p = 0.21) without impact on hospital length of stay. In conclusion, the rapid communication of microbiological identification to clinicians reduced reporting time and was associated with early optimization of antibiotic prescribing without worsening clinical outcomes.
A Real-Time Anomaly Detection in Satellite Telemetry Data Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques Depending on Time-Series Analysis

: To effectively detect and identify the anomaly data in massive satellite telemetry data sets, the novel detection and identification method based on the Auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), Prophet, Long Short Term Memory (LSTM), and Auto-encoder algorithms were proposed in this paper. The proposed model is used to find anomalous events by comparing the actual observed values with the predicted intervals of telemetry data. First, preprocessing for the raw telemetry data were Handled for the missing values using linear interpolation. Second, Down-casting to reduce the memory storage. Based on this symbolization, the pseudo-period of the data was extracted. Third, the Data Transformation and Scaling to normalize the data within a particular range to helps in speeding up the calculations were applied. Finally, the experimental results for the Prophet model show predictions with high efficiency, stable when detecting anomalies, and requires little computational time. The results of Prophet compared with other applied algorithms, demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed model.
Wastewater use in urban agriculture : an exposure and risk assessment in Accra, Ghana

In order to minimize the health risks to agricultural workers, and consumers of wastewater irrigated produce, the World Health Organisation has developed guidelines for the safe use of wastewater in agriculture. This study sought to test the appropriateness of the current Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment model and the multiple-barrier approach advocated by the WHO guidelines. Over a one year period, over 500 produce and ready-to-eat salad samples were collected from fields, markets, and kitchens in Accra, Ghana, and over 300 soil and irrigation water samples were collected. All samples were analysed for E. coli, human adenovirus and norovirus using standard microbiological procedures. In addition, almost 700 participants including farmers, food vendors, and consumers were interviewed and observed to assess critical exposures associated with the transmission of faecal pathogens. The results showed that irrigation water was significantly more contaminated than farm soil, though exposure to soil was found to pose the key risk to farmers due to hand-to-mouth events. Over 80% of produce samples were found contaminated with E. coli, with street food salad being the most contaminated (4.23 Log E. coli/g), and that consumption of salads did not meet health standards. Risk factors identified for produce contamination included farm soil contamination, wastewater use for irrigation, poor hygiene, and operating with a hygiene permit. Awareness of the source of irrigation water was low, but despite the high awareness of health risk, consumers did not prioritize health indicators when buying produce from vendors. Similarly, farmers’ awareness of health risk did not influence their adoption of safer farm practices. The study recommends the promotion of interventions that would result in more direct benefits to producers and vendors, together with hygiene education and inspection, hygiene certification and enforcement of food safety byelaws in order to increase the uptake of the multi-barrier approach.
Linkage between Tourism and Climate Change: A Study of the Perceptions of Stakeholders along the Annapurna Trekking Trail

This paper explores the relationship between tourism and climate change. It takes the perceptions of the stakeholders in the tourism sector, mainly the lodge-owners, guides and tourists in the Annapurna Trekking Trail. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3126/ntdr.v2i1. 7380 Nepal Tourism and Development Review Vol.2(1) 2012 60-86
A Wide-Input-/Output-Voltage-Range Buck Converter With Adaptive Light-Load Efficiency Improvement and Seamless Mode Transition

A wide-input/output-voltage-range buck converter with adaptive light-load efficiency improvement and seamless mode transition for high-voltage applications is presented in this article. The proposed design uses a load prediction structure to eliminate dc current sensor and to ensure high efficiency in the 0.02<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim$</tex-math></inline-formula>2-A load range. The pulsewidth modulation (PWM) mode has been used for near-full load. Since efficiency degradation at light loads occurs at different levels regarding the input and output voltage, a novel dynamic frequency pulsewidth modulation (DFPWM) with adaptive efficiency improvement mechanism is proposed, which activates efficiency improvement based on the input and output voltage at proper load current. Moreover, pulse frequency modulation (PFM) has been used to guarantee high efficiency in a wider load range. The proposed trimode buck converter has seamless mode change. Input and output voltage ranges are 5<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim$</tex-math></inline-formula>30 V and 3<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim$</tex-math></inline-formula>15 V, respectively, which are compatible with automotive and RF applications. Output voltage disturbance is less than 60 mV at 2-A load step with a 15-<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu$</tex-math></inline-formula>s settling time for 30 to 3 V conversion. Moreover, output voltage disturbance in PWM/DFPWM and DFPWM/PFM mode change is zero and 60 mV, respectively. The proposed design has been implemented on 180-nm BCD technology with a 1.65 mm ×1.80 mm die size.
The Impact of Implicit Motor Learning on Motor Performance

This paper systematically explores the impact of implicit motor learning on motor performance, including the concepts and theoretical foundations of implicit motor learning, its relationship with the development of motor skills and motor performance, the effects and practical applications of implicit motor learning training, as well as the moderating role of psychological factors. Research findings suggest that implicit motor learning training plays a crucial role in enhancing motor skills and promoting rehabilitation, with potential value in sports education. Future research can further investigate individual differences, neural mechanisms, optimization of clinical applications, intervention strategies for psychological factors, and interdisciplinary studies, among other aspects.
Ultrawideband Localization Improvement Based on LSTM Neural Networks

This study investigates the enhancement of localization accuracy through the application of the Kalman filter and LSTM neural network. Experimental results reveal the successful elimination of outliers originating from noise and signal reflections, leading to a improvement from an initial error of 2.33 meters in raw samples to about 0.7 meters with LSTM and Kalman. The proposed method uses an LSTM neural network to fuse data from accelerometer, gyroscope, and ultrawideband 2D position measurements for position estimation. Despite offering comparable results, the Kalman filter sensitivity in selecting covariance matrix parameters is highlighted because minor changes are leading to significant declines in performance The LSTM filter, in contrast, demonstrates resilience to parameter tuning and provides accurate results without requiring specific domain knowledge or equations. However, the LSTM model applicability is limited to systems with accessible training and testing data. In contrast, the Kalman filter adaptability to various navigation problems featuring Gaussian error distributions remains a distinct advantage.
The Functional, Psychological and Economic Impacts 6 Months Post Major Trauma

Purpose: The consequences of severe traumatic injury extend beyond hospital admission and have the potential for long-term functional, psychological, and economic sequalae. This study investigated patient outcomes 6 months following major trauma.Methods: Using the National Trauma Registry, database of patients who were admitted between 2016-18 in a tertiary trauma hospital for major trauma [Injury Severity Score (ISS) ≥ 16] a review was performed on 6-month outcomes [including functional outcomes, self-reported state of health and outcome scores (EuroQol-5 Dimension score and Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended)]. Result: There were 637 patients who were treated for major trauma (ISS ≥ 16); the median age was 64 years (range 16-100) and 435 (68.3%) patients were male. The most common injury mechanisms included falling from height (56.5%) and motor vehicle accident (27.0%). The median ISS was 24 (range 16-75). After 6 months, 87.6% of responders were living at home, 25.0% were back to work, and 55.1% were ambulating independently. The median self-rated state of health was 73 at baseline and 64 at 6 months. Age and length of stay were independent predictors of return to ambulation using multivariate analysis. Age, Abbreviated Injury Scale external, Glasgow Coma Scale on Emergency Department arrival, heart rate, and need for transfusion were independent predictors of failure to return to work at 6 months using multivariate analysis. Charlson Comorbidity Index, Glasgow Coma Scale on arrival, temperature, pain and need for inpatient rehabilitation were independent predictors of mortality at 6 months.Conclusion: Recovery from major trauma is multi-faceted and requires a team-based approach well beyond discharge.
Early subduction–exhumation and late channel flow of the Greater Himalayan Sequence: implications from the Yadong section in the eastern Himalaya

Based on metamorphic studies of the Yadong high-pressure (HP) granulite and multiple thermochronological investigations of granitoids from both upper and lower parts, the Yadong section in the eastern Himalaya constrains the Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Greater Himalayan Sequence (GHS). The Yadong HP granulite, located at the top of the GHS, underwent a peak-stage HP granulite facies metamorphism and two stages of retrograde metamorphism. Granulite and hornblende facies retrograde metamorphism took place at 48.5 and 31.8 Ma, respectively, marking the time of exhumation of the subducted Indian slab to lower and middle crustal levels. Subsequently, an average young zircon U–Pb age obtained from the Yadong HP granulite indicated that this unit was captured by its surroundings in a partially molten condition at 16.9 Ma. In addition, three granitoids from both the lower and the upper parts of the GHS yielded biotite 40Ar/39Ar ages of 11.0, 11.3, and 11.5 million years. These consistent ages suggest that the GHS along the Yadong section was laterally extruded and synchronously cooled to ∼300°C at ∼11.3 Ma. Furthermore, the granitic gneisses yield apatite fission track ages of ∼7 million years, documenting the cooling of the GHS to ∼110°C. A two-stage model describes the Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the GHS: (1) the Indian slab had subducted under Tibet before ∼55 Ma, and was exhumed to the lower crust (50-40 km) at 48.5 Ma, and to the middle crust (22-15 km) at 31.8 Ma; and (2) the partial melting occurred at middle crustal levels during the period 31.8 to 16.9 Ma, causing channel flow. In the late stage, the GHS was laterally extruded by ductile mid-crustal flow during the period 16.9 to ∼7 Ma, characterized by a fast cooling rate of ∼2 mm per year.
The relationship between conservation and sustainability

Many would assert that conservation and sustainable agriculture are one and the same. While some conservation policies and programs have made important contributions to sustainability, few analysts are checking to determine if traditional conservation practices and programs always have an impact on “sustainability. ” Authors of the 1990 Food, Agriculture, Conservation and Trade Act implied that there is a difference when they authorized states to develop Regional Centers to train agricultural extension and Natural Resource Conservation Service personnel in sustainable agricultural concepts and practices (FACTA 1990). People in these agencies already have extensive conservation training. In this paper, we examine the impact of conservation policies on sustainability, and how United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) conservation programs might be strengthened in the future. The issues What are conservation and sustainability, and are they always compatible? We address this quesrion by evaluating the ability of conservation programs to satisfy the definition of sustainability. For simplicity, these definitions can …
Topog_IRM: Model description

Acomputer model which simulates the water balance and plant growth across three-dimensional catchments is presented. The model is a distributed parameter, dynamic eco-hydrological model called Topog_IRM. By combining physical and physiological approaches, it is well suited to investigations intolandscape response to changes in the physical and biological character of the system. Model structure and algorithms are described, including model assumptions and constraints. Data requirements are specified, including options for different soil models and the generation of climate data.
Low-Latency LeNet-5 Architecture for Handwritten Digit Recognition

This paper presents an implementation of low-latency LeNet-5 architecture for real-time handwritten digit recognition. The proposed architecture comprises three convolutional layers, two max pooling layers, and a fully connected layer. Because we adopted pipeline processing between adjacent layers, the proposed architecture required roughly n2 + 2n clock cycles for processing an image of n × n. For the implementation of handwritten digit recognition using 90nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology, the proposed LeNet-5 design of 28 × 28 input data with a 5 × 5 kernel required a gate count of roughly 7.9M, resulting in power consumption of 5.5 W at 200 MHz.1
CXCR2-Blocking Has Context-Sensitive Effects on Rat Glioblastoma Cell Line Outgrowth (S635) in an Organotypic Rat Brain Slice Culture Depending on Microglia-Depletion (PLX5622) and Dexamethasone Treatment

In glioblastoma (GBM), the interplay of different immune cell subtypes, cytokines, and/or drugs shows high context-dependencies. Interrelations between the routinely applied dexamethasone (Dex) and microglia remain elusive. Here, we exploited rat organotypic brain slice co-cultures (OBSC) to examine the effects on a rat GBM cell line (S635) outgrowth resulting from the presence of Dex and pretreatment with the colony-stimulating factor receptor 1 (CSF1-R) inhibitor PLX5622: in native OBSC (without PLX5622-pretreatment), a diminished S635 spheroid outgrowth was observable, whereas Dex-treatment enhanced outgrowth in this condition compared to PLX5622-pretreated OBSC. Screening the supernatants of our model with a proteome profiler, we found that CXCL2 was differentially secreted in a Dex- and PLX5622-dependent fashion. To analyze causal interrelations, we interrupted the CXCL2/CXCR2-axis: in the native OBSC condition, CXCR2-blocking resulted in increased outgrowth, in combination with Dex, we found potentiated outgrowth. No effect was found in the PLX5622-pretreated. Our method allowed us to study the influence of three different factors—dexamethasone, PLX5622, and CXCL2—in a well-controlled, simplified, and straight-forward mechanistic manner, and at the same time in a more realistic ex vivo scenario compared to in vitro studies. In our model, we showed a GBM outgrowth enhancing synergism between CXCR2-blocking and Dex-treatment in the native condition, which was levelled by PLX5622-pretreatment.
Salmonella and Salmonellosis: An Update on Public Health Implications and Control Strategies

Simple Summary Salmonella is one of the most important zoonotic pathogen agents, causing an estimated 93.8 million cases of gastroenteritis worldwide annually, with 155,000 deaths. Efforts to reduce transmission of Salmonella by food and other routes must be implemented on a global scale. Salmonellosis control strategies are based on two fundamental aspects: (a) the reduction of prevalence levels in animals and (b) protection against infection in humans. Thus, this review will be focused on Salmonella and its relationship between animals and public health (one health approach). The aim is to update the status of Salmonella in the world, with special reference to its implications on epidemiology and public health, food chain and risk assessment, antimicrobial resistance, and control strategies. We strongly believe that this review is an opportunity to collect significant and relevant information, using an integral approach, on Animal Health, Public Health, and the relationship between the two. Abstract Salmonellosis is globally recognized as one of the leading causes of acute human bacterial gastroenteritis resulting from the consumption of animal-derived products, particularly those derived from the poultry and pig industry. Salmonella spp. is generally associated with self-limiting gastrointestinal symptoms, lasting between 2 and 7 days, which can vary from mild to severe. The bacteria can also spread in the bloodstream, causing sepsis and requiring effective antimicrobial therapy; however, sepsis rarely occurs. Salmonellosis control strategies are based on two fundamental aspects: (a) the reduction of prevalence levels in animals by means of health, biosecurity, or food strategies and (b) protection against infection in humans. At the food chain level, the prevention of salmonellosis requires a comprehensive approach at farm, manufacturing, distribution, and consumer levels. Proper handling of food, avoiding cross-contamination, and thorough cooking can reduce the risk and ensure the safety of food. Efforts to reduce transmission of Salmonella by food and other routes must be implemented using a One Health approach. Therefore, in this review we provide an update on Salmonella, one of the main zoonotic pathogens, emphasizing its relationship with animal and public health. We carry out a review on different topics about Salmonella and salmonellosis, with a special emphasis on epidemiology and public health, microbial behavior along the food chain, predictive microbiology principles, antimicrobial resistance, and control strategies.
vS30, κ, regional attenuation and Mw from accelerograms: application to magnitude 3–5 French earthquakes

SUMMARY We investigate recordings from weak to moderate earthquakes, with magnitudes ranging between about 3 and 5, recorded by the French Accelerometric Network. S-wave spectra are modelled as a product of source, propagation and site terms. Inverting large data sets of multiple earthquakes recorded at multiple stations allows us to separate the three contributions. Source parameters such as moment magnitude, corner frequency and stress drop are estimated for each earthquake. We provide the first complete and homogeneous catalogue of moment magnitudes for France, for the events with magnitude greater than 3 that occurred between 1996 and 2006. Stress drops are found to be regionally dependent as well as magnitude dependent, and range from about 0.1 MPa (1 bar) to about 30 MPa (300 bars). The attenuation parameters show that, in France on a nationwide scale, variations of attenuation properties do exist. Site transfer functions are also computed, giving the level of amplification at different frequencies with respect to the response of a generic rock site (characterized by an average 30 m S-wave velocity, vs30, of 2000 m s−1). From these site terms, we compute the high-frequency fall-off parameter κ[modelled as exp (−πκf), with f the frequency] for 76 stations. We also determine rock stations vs30 and we show the κ–vs30 relationship for 21 rock stations.