Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Algorithm Researching in Infectious Diseases Outbreak Detection

Today's world, disease outbreaks influence seriously on people's normal life. But how we can find the infectious diseases source in social network at short time to avoid more people affected. This problem can be as outbreak detection which can be modeled as selecting people in a social network. This study uses a new methodology which improved from normal greed algorithm for detecting this problem in this and related problems, exhibiting the property of "sub modularity". This efficient algorithm scales to large problems, simulation results achieving near optimal solution.
Advancing beyond project-scale Social Impact Assessment of transport infrastructure: insights into contextual constraints on practice

ABSTRACT Social Impact Assessment (SIA) facilitates sustainable and equitable consideration of social issues in transport infrastructure planning. However, SIA practitioners face significant constraints in practice. Good SIA is effective in contributing to institutional mechanisms for holding political, bureaucratic and commercial processes accountable for social outcomes. This paper aims to better understand constraints to the assessment and management of social impacts. Drawing on interviews with expert infrastructure professionals involved in projects in Sydney (Australia), Amsterdam (The Netherlands), and internationally, this paper highlights weaknesses in the implementation of SIA, technical engineering-, time- and cost-focused project management practices, and poorly regulated, politically-driven urban governance and planning processes as key constraints. The findings suggest that overcoming those constraints cannot be the sole responsibility of EIA and SIA practitioners and there is more to be considered than practice alone. Instead, this requires an integrated approach across multi-level governance scales and the lifecycle of projects. This paper concludes that for good practice SIA to be realised as intended, systemic adjustments are needed in the planning of urban transport infrastructure, to address constraints and ensure that social impacts are considered in strategic stages and prioritised equally against other project and urban planning issues in decision-making.
A Compact Filtering Power Divider Based on Spoof Surface Plasmon Polaritons and Substrate Integrated Waveguide

In this letter, a compact bandpass filtering power divider with tunable bandwidth based on spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) and substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) is proposed. The hybrid-SIW-SSPP structure shows good potential to expand the scope of bandwidth control of the device. The bandwidth can be designed in a wide range by simply optimizing its dimensions or loading interdigital structures (ISs). Defected ground structure (DGS) is also introduced on the bottom layer to further improve the out-of-band suppression. And good isolation can be obtained via additional resistors welded across the SSPP slot. A prototype loaded with dumbbell-shape DGS and two resistors is fabricated with an overall size of 45 mm <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times18$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times0.5$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm. Both <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S_{21}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S_{31}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> are around −3.8 dB within the whole <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$X$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-band. The simulated and measured results agree with each other well.
A novel direct torque and flux control of permanent magnet synchronous motor with analytically-tuned PI controllers

This work presents a novel direct torque and flux control (DTFC) of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with analytically-tuned proportional integral (PI) controllers. The proportional (K_p) and integral (K_i) gains of the PI controllers were accurately determined, from first principle, using the model of the control system. The PI flux and torque controllers were then developed in rotor reference frame. The designed PI controllers, together with the torque and flux controllers, were tested on a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The results obtained were compared with results from conventional DTFC system using manually-tuned PI controllers. The total harmonic distortion (THD) of motor phase currents is 18.80% and 4.81% for the conventional and proposed models respectively. This confirms a significant reduction in torque ripples. The control system was tested for step torque loading and found to offer excellent performance both during load changes, speed reversal, and constant load conditions.
Hardware RFID security for preventing far-field attacks

Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is a widely used approach for a short-range contactless data exchange, i.e., employed in billing systems. During the last years, unauthorized access has become an issue, as it has been proven on numerous unpleasant occasions. A typical theft scheme is based on approaching a victim with a card reader. However, a straightforward adaptation of the reader’s antenna elements allows performing the attack from a distance, opening a severe security loophole. Here, we propose and demonstrate hardware-based protection capable of preventing a far-field attack of this kind. Our solution is based on an RFID chip shielding with an opaque metal. The Faraday-type of the enclosure has a small aperture, which suppresses electromagnetic field leakage from the device. This property affects both up and down interrogation links, virtually making the far-field attack impossible. Activation of the card is done by holding it in hand – this way, it is made accessible to an authorized readout, which still remains wireless. The physical principle of the operation is placing a high-index dielectric structure next to a subwavelength aperture, making it electromagnetically larger and, as a result, supporting the field leakage. Our experimental prototype, validated by several different users, shows the capability to diminish far-field attacks on UHF RFID tags. This hardware security solution can find usage in numerous applications, such as biometric passports, credit cards, and many others, where unauthorized access to sensitive data is highly undesirable.
Theory and Performance of the Pulse Aperture Correlator

The reduction of multipath biases on GPS measurements has traditionally been achieved through innovative antenna design, such as choke ring ground planes, and careful antenna site selection. These methods, although effective, are not always practical, especially in a kinematic environment. The implementation of Narrow Correlator spacing design in GPS receiver code tracking loops has greatly reduced the multipath bias and the measurement noise on C/A code pseudorange measurements. Even with these advancements the bias due to multipath is still dominant in GPS position calculations. This paper introduces NovAtel’s Pulse Aperture Correlator (PAC) tracking loop which takes full advantage of the Narrow Correlator spacing design, but in addition, is much more resistant to multipath effects on the correlation function and thereby reduces the multipath bias on the pseudorange measurements. The theory behind this tracking loop design is identical to that of NovAtel’s Multipath Elimination Technology (MET), first introduced in NovAtel’s OEM2 GPSCard. The difference in the OEM4 PAC implementation is that the algorithms are implemented in the hardware rather than the software and we see a performance improvement in PAC over MET due to the increased pre-correlation bandwidth of the OEM4. The theory behind PAC and MET will be presented along with its implementation into existing receiver hardware. Test results showing the performance of a PAC receiver compared with a Wide Correlator receiver Narrow Correlator receiver, and MET are also presented.
Optimizing Beef Cow-Calf Grazing across Missouri with an Emphasis on Protecting Ecosystem Services

Soil health is an emerging paradigm for which much research in row crop agriculture has been undertaken. Research involving grazing lands and soil health has not been as active, a feature partially attributed to (i) greater erosional rates in cropland, (ii) loss of soil organic matter and reduced soil structure attributed to annual tillage practices, (iii) cash flow from cropland is easier to visualize than the value-added nature of grazing lands, and (iv) there exists more competitive grant funding sources for croplands. Grazing lands do require soil quality augmentation and investment in soil health to optimize their ecosystem services potential. This manuscript, with an emphasis on beef cattle grazing in the central USA, attempts to survey the literature to (i) identify the influence of grazing on important ecosystem services provided by Mollisols and Alfisols, (ii) develop a listing of soil indicators that may be selected to quantify and credential soil quality, and (iii) develop guidelines that align soil indicators and changes in grazing management to support the restoration of ecosystem services.
The Curled Up Dimension in Quasicrystals

Most quasicrystals can be generated by the cut-and-project method from higher dimensional parent lattices. In doing so they lose the periodic order their parent lattice possess, replaced with aperiodic order, due to the irrationality of the projection. However, perfect periodic order is discovered in the perpendicular space when gluing the cut window boundaries together to form a curved loop. In the case of a 1D quasicrystal projected from a 2D lattice, the irrationally sloped cut region is bounded by two parallel lines. When it is extrinsically curved into a cylinder, a line defect is found on the cylinder. Resolving this geometrical frustration removes the line defect to preserve helical paths on the cylinder. The degree of frustration is determined by the thickness of the cut window or the selected pitch of the helical paths. The frustration can be resolved by applying a shear strain to the cut-region before curving into a cylinder. This demonstrates that resolving the geometrical frustration of a topological change to a cut window can lead to preserved periodic order.
Sex Hormone and Sex Hormone Receptors Modulation of Exercise-induced Neurogenesis

Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) has been widely studied in many aspects. AHN is showed to have causal relationship with depression and anxiety. Experimental data showed that sex hormones and sex hormone receptors can be a factor that modulates AHN. However, few studies have focused on sex hormones’ effect on exercise-induced neurogenesis, which the detailed mechanism is unknown to people. In this paper, we designed the experiments to find a casual relationship between sex hormones (receptors) and exercise-induced neurogenesis. We utilized castration (TX) and ovariectomy (OVX) to control the hormone level within the rats’ body. Noteworthy, we also tested how can the numerical ratios of androgen to estrogen and androgen receptors to estrogen receptors affect exercise-induced neurogenesis by using conditional gene knockout and Cre recombinase. If the results turn out to be consistent with the hypothesis that the level of sex hormones and sex hormone receptors have influences on exercise-induced neurogenesis and depression-like behavior, we can put forward a treatment on anxiety disorders concerning the combination of exercise and sex hormone regulation.
Towards a unifying mathematical framework for pattern transformation in swarm systems

This paper identifies major challenges in the area of pattern formation and motivates the need for developing a single framework to surmount these challenges. A framework based on macroscopic parameters for transforming patterns is proposed. A definition for transformation and four special cases, namely elementary and geometrical transformations by repositioning all or a few robots in a pattern are provided. Two feasible tools for transforming patterns namely, a macroscopic parameter method and a mathematical tool based on Moebius transformation are introduced. Simulation of the latter method and real-time issues in realising the tools are also reported in this paper.
Revisiting Deep Hyperspectral Feature Extraction Networks via Gradient Centralized Convolution

The hyperspectral images are composed of a variety of textures across the different bands which increase the spectral similarity and make it difficult to predict the pixel-wise labels without inducing additional complexity at the feature level. To extract robust and discriminative features from the different regions of land cover, the hyperspectral research community is still seeking such type of convolutions which can efficiently deal with fine-grained texture information during the feature extraction phase, which often overlook this aspect by vanilla convolution. To overcome the above shortcoming, this article proposes a generalized gradient centralized 3D convolution (G2C-Conv3D) operation, which is a weighted combination between the vanilla and gradient centralized 3D convolutions (GC-Conv3D) to extract both the intensity-level semantic information and gradient-level information. This can be easily plugged into the existing HSI feature extraction networks to boost the performance of accurate prediction for land-cover types. To validate the feasibility of the proposed G2C-Conv3D, we have considered the existing CNN3D, MS3DNet, ContextNet, and SSRN feature extraction models and as well as CAE3D, VAE3D, and SAE3D autoencoder (AE) networks, respectively. All these networks are embedded with G2C-Conv3D convolution to implement both generalized gradient centralized feature extraction networks (G2C-FE) and generalized gradient centralized AE networks (G2C-AE) for fine-grained spectral–spatial feature learning. In addition, G2C-Conv2D is also considered with few networks. The extensive experiments are conducted on four most widely used hyperspectral datasets i.e., IP, KSC, UH, and UP, respectively, and compared with the nine methods. The results demonstrate that the proposed G2C-Conv3D can effectively enhance the feature learning ability of the existing networks and both the qualitative and quantitative results show the superiority and effectiveness of the proposed G2C-Conv3D. The source codes will be publicly available at https://github.com/danfenghong/G2C-Conv3D-HSI.
In-phase and quadrature detection using 90° optical hybrid receiver: experiments and design considerations

140 Mbit/s ASK and DPSK optical hybrid receiver performance measurements are reported and discussed. The sensitivity of this type of receiver to polarisation misalignment is compared with that of a standard coherent (homodyne/heterodyne) receiver. The effects of laser phase noise and offsetting of the intermediate frequency from zero hertz are discussed along with other potential applications for 90° optical hybrid in-phase and quadrature receivers
Simulation method of magneto-acousto-electrical tomography for improving computational efficiency

In this paper, a frequency domain simulation method of magneto-acousto-electrical tomography (MAET) was proposed. This method is based on discrete Fourier transform. With this approach, the solving degrees of freedom of the simulation model can be significantly reduced. It can greatly reduce the requirements of computer hardware and improve efficiency. At the same time, the interaction between fluid and biological tissues was considered, which makes the simulation model closer to the real model. In this paper, an MAET simulation model of acoustic–solid–electromagnetic multi-physical field coupling corresponding to the actual physical world was established. It is more reasonable to adopt the fully coupled method. However, the fully coupled method needs more computational memory. To further study the memory and time required for calculation, the segregated method was used to calculate the simulation model without affecting the accuracy and tolerance in this paper. The results show that using the segregated method can significantly reduce the memory requirement of the MAET model, but the solution time will increase accordingly. Therefore, the appropriate solution method can be selected according to the simulation computer configuration and the desired solution time. We, finally, built an experimental platform to conduct MAET experiments and verified the theoretical and simulation analyses.
Editorial: Technology in Service Innovation

Welcome to the February 2015 issue of the Technology Innovation Management Review. The editorial theme of this issue is Technology in Service Innovation, and I am pleased to welcome our guest editors: Stephen L. Vargo, Distinguished Professor and Chair of Marketing at Shidler College of Business in Honolulu, Hawaii, Marja Toivonen, Research Professor at VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, and Risto Rajala, Assistant Professor at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland.
Analysis of coplanar waveguide-to-coplanar stripline transitions

The coplanar waveguide (CPW)-to-coplanar stripline (CPS) transition is analyzed theoretically and experimentally in this paper. To characterize this transition in the lower frequency band, a simple equivalent-circuit model that consists of uniform and nonuniform transmission lines is established. The elements of this model can all be obtained by the closed-form formulas; hence, this model is suitable for computer-aided-design application. This model is then applied to design and analyze the CPW-to-CPS transitions with various structure parameters. In the higher frequency band, the partially prism-gridded finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is employed to take into account the bond-wire effect as well as the surface-wave leakage and space-wave radiation associated with the transition. In this study, results based on equivalent-circuit model, FDTD simulation, and measurement are compared. Good agreement among these results supports the usefulness of the proposed equivalent-circuit model and also validates the FDTD method. By using the equivalent-circuit model to optimize the transition configuration, the CPW-to-CPS transition with broad bandwidth and low insertion loss may be achieved.
CROSS PLATFORM SALES IMPACT: CRACKING THE CODE ON SINGLE SOURCE

While MMM and Sales Effect methods operate in the same general space, their approaches are from different perspectives. MMM provides a broad and consistent measure of all marketing elements (i.e., price, promotion, etc.) and allows for comparisons across marketing variables. Sales Effect provides a much deeper measurement into the more granular differences in advertising such as Magazine or TV genre or specific creative executions. It can also measure the difference between media when those media are delivered at the same time. In other words, MMM provides the big picture, while sales effect, which is conducted using “single source” data, provides the details. The recent advances in the development of single source data sets have enabled unprecedented insights into the interaction and impact of multiple media platforms in advertising. The collaboration between Time Inc. and Nielsen Catalina Solutions (NCS) has created an extensive dataset which captures not only households’ exposure to cross media campaigns but their purchasing behavior prior to, during, and after exposure. In addition, NCS has an extensive normative dataset of ~1700 ROI studies. Roughly ~1500 are for digital, ~100 for TV, ~70 are for print and there are several for radio and for cross-media. These studies are a rich source for understanding what the drivers are for advertising response.
Double Multiple Streamtube Model and Numerical Analysis of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine

The present paper contributes to the modeling of unsteady flow analysis of vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT). Double multiple streamtube (DSMT) model was applied for the performance prediction of straight bladed fixed pitch VAWT using NACA0018 airfoil at low wind speed. A moving mesh technique was used to investigate two-dimensional unsteady flow around the same VAWT model with NACA0018 airfoil modified to be flexible at 150 from the main blade axis of the turbine at the trailing edge located about 70 % of the blade chord length using fluent solving Reynolds average Navier-strokes equation. The results obtained from DMST model and the simulation results were then compared. The result shows that the CFD simulation with airfoil modified has shown better performance at low tip speed ratios for the modeled turbine.
Adaptive Computation Partitioning and Offloading in Real-Time Sustainable Vehicular Edge Computing

In this paper, we explore the feasibility of solar-powered road-side unit (SRSU)-assisted vehicular edge computing (VEC) system, where SRSU is equipped with small cell base station (SBS) and VEC server, both of which are powered solely by solar energy. However, the limited capacity of solar energy, VEC server's computing, and SBS's bandwidth resources may prohibit vehicle users (VUs) from offloading their vehicular applications to VEC server for better service quality. We address this challenge by dynamically determining vehicular task partitioning and offloading, VEC server's system configuration, and vehicular application level adjustment decisions. We aim at minimizing the end-to-end delay of vehicular applications while maximizing their application level performance (e.g., accuracy). We also implement an object detection vehicular application on an edge computing platform and measure the corresponding energy consumption, computation delay, and detection accuracy performance to establish empirical models for the SRSU-assisted VEC system. We then propose a dynamic programming-based heuristic algorithm which jointly makes the task partitioning and offloading, as well as system and application-level adaption decisions in real-time. We build a simulation framework with the above empirical models to evaluate the proposed algorithm. The simulation results show that our proposed approach can significantly reduce the end-to-end delay while maximizing the detection accuracy compared to existing techniques.
Creating large bandwidth photonic crystal slab waveguide by tailoring the dispersion curve of waveguide mode

In the photonic crystal (PhC) slab, a waveguide is typically created by introducing a line defect into the perfect periodic lattice, and the waveguide modes will appear within the photonic band gap. An practical waveguide should possess sufficient single-mode bandwidth and display minimal group velocity dispersion within the bandwidth. By adjusting the air holes adjacent to the line defect, the dispersion curves of waveguide modes can be tailored and the requests above are reached. In this way, an air-bridge slab waveguide gets a single-mode bandwidth of 0.025 c/a, where c is the light speed in vacuum and a is the lattice constant of the photonic crystal. In addition, an SOI (Silicon-on-Insulator) slab waveguide receives a single-mode bandwidth of 0.007 c/a and a frequency window of 0.003 c/a with a nearly constant group velocity of 0.082 c.
Drought Monitoring over West Africa Based on an Ecohydrological Simulation (2003–2018)

In Africa, droughts are causing significant damage to human health and the economy. In West Africa, a severe decline in food production due to agricultural droughts has been reported in recent years. In this study, we simulated ecohydrological variables using the Coupled Land and Vegetation Data Assimilation System, which can effectively evaluate the hydrological water cycle and provide a dynamic evaluation of terrestrial biomass. Using ecohydrological variables (e.g., soil moisture content, leaf area index and vegetation water content) as a drought indicator, we analyzed agricultural droughts in the Sahel-inland region of West Africa during 2003–2018. Results revealed reasonable agreement between the simulated values and the pearl millet yield, and produced a successful quantification of severe droughts in the Sahel-inland region.