Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The infrared-millimetre-centimetre flaring behaviour of the quasar 3C 273.

Results are presented of an investigation of the IR-cm light curve of 3C 273 for the period 1987-1991, during which several flares were observed. The apparent details of individual flares are shown to be critically dependent on the temporal sampling. Excellent correlation is found between all these wavelengths, but there is a delay between flare onset as sampled in the IR and the emission at longer wavelengths, with a significant difference occurring between 2.0 and 3.3 mm. The emission between IR and 2.0-mm wavelengths is commensurate with a single synchrotron component which is associated with the innermost part of the relativistic jet or the injection region, while the 3.3-13.5-mm wavelength emission probably reflects the evolution of the flaring electron population in the jet and is bound up with optical depth effects. The light curve in shown to be strongly dependent on wavelength, particularly between 3.3 and 8.1 mm for the 1990/1991 events.
Elastic modulus of shape-memory NiTi from in situ neutron diffraction during macroscopic loading, instrumented indentation, and extensometry

The elastic modulus of B19’ shape-memory NiTi was determined using three techniques; from the response of lattice planes measured using in situ neutron diffraction during loading, instrumented indentation using a spherical indenter and macroscopic extensometry. The macroscopic measurements resulted in a modulus of 68 GPa, significantly less than the 101 GPa from indentation and the lattice plane average of 109 GPa from neutron diffraction. Evidence from the neutron measurements suggests that the disparity derives from the onset of small amounts of twinning at stresses less that 40 MPa, which might otherwise be considered elastic from a macroscopic view point.
Interplay between crystalline chirality and magnetic structure in Mn 1 − x Fe x Si

X-ray diffraction using synchrotron radiation and polarized neutron small-angle diffraction have been used to evaluate the absolute crystallographic structure and the spin helix chirality of ${\text{Mn}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\text{Fe}}_{x}\text{Si}$. Contrary to previous observations we show that left- and right-handed crystals can be found for MnSi and its iron substituted analogs. The structural chirality rigorously determines the magnetic chirality of these compounds: left-(right-)handed crystalline chirality establishes left (right) handedness of the magnetic helix.
Active THz imaging and explosive detection with uncooled antenna-coupled microbolometer arrays

Spectral signatures of solid materials in the THz range can provide spectroscopic information for chemical identification. Previously we have demonstrated the absorption coefficient extraction by scanned imaging of QCL THz beams attenuated through explosive samples. The detection was achieved by a unique pixel addressed within an uncooled antenna-coupled microbolometer 160x120 array specifically designed for the 1-5 THz range. This detector technology developed at CEA-LETI relies on amorphous silicon bolometer know-how and aims at opening the way to real-time video rate, with potential low cost. We report complementary tests of imaging in reflection configuration and the first tests of a second prototype where 320x240 bolometers are monolithically processed above a CMOS read-out circuit.
Destabilization of dislocation dipole at high velocity

Under mechanical deformation of very high strain rates, it is expected that dislocations may move very fast (being subsonic, transonic, or even supersonic). As a result, two dislocations may approach each other at high velocities. Our earlier analyses of linear elasticity indicate that a dipole is destabilized when the approaching velocity is high enough—even below the speed of sound. In this letter, using the molecular dynamics method, we demonstrate that a dipole indeed can be destabilized above a critical velocity, and stable below that.
Steady-state shear banding in entangled polymers?

Velocity profiles of highly entangled polymer solutions under shear have been measured using particle tracking velocimetry to ascertain whether steady-state shear banding occurs in these samples. Under controlled torque flow, the velocity profile becomes nonlinear and the shear rate starts to rise when the true shear strain reaches about 2.5, suggesting that the shear rate rise is initiated by chain alignment and/or disentanglement. At long times, the velocity profile can become either smoothly curved or sharply banded for the same sample in the same geometry, implying that shear banding is not a deterministic behavior as expected from a non-monotonic constitutive relation. It is suggested that the stable shear banding observed in the measured entangled polymer solution is not true steady-state shear banding but may be “trapped” transient banding.
Actuator fault estimation using direct reconstruction approach for linear multivariable systems

This study considers the application of a continuous non-linear fault estimation system to reconstruct the state vector and actuator faults for multivariable linear systems, in which the effects of faults are modelled as additive unknown inputs. To estimate the state, a continuous function is introduced to compensate the effects of fault and disturbance. It is shown that if the state reconstruction error converges to zero asymptotically, then the continuous function can be used as a reconstruction of fault and disturbance. The feasibility of the design scheme can be checked by solving a linear matrix inequality. Also, the design scheme does not rely on any particular canonical form of the model, so coordinate transformation is not necessary. Using the similar approach, a disturbance decoupled fault reconstruction scheme is also proposed. Finally, a design example is given and the reconstruction of both multiplicative fault and additive disturbance are simulated.
Acoustic analysis of pressed voice

Pressed voice (‘‘rikimi’’ in Japanese) is a voice quality related to the vibratory patterns of the vocal folds. It was recently shown that pressed voice carries important paralinguistic information in Japanese, indicating emotional or attitudinal state of the speaker. In the present work, several acoustic features are investigated, aiming for an appropriate acoustic characterization and an automatic detection of pressed voices. Analysis of pressed voice samples extracted from natural conversational speech firstly shows that irregularity in periodicity (such as in creaky and harsh voices) is a common but not a strictly determinant feature of pressed voices. Spectral analysis shows that parameters related to spectral slope are effective to identify part of the pressed voice samples, but fail when vowels are nasalized or double‐beating occurs in a glottal cycle. Temporal analyses of pressed and nonpressed creaky voices indicate that diplophonia (simultaneous production of two separate tones, when vocal folds.
First-principles studies of the geometry and energetics of the Si 36 cluster

First-principles studies of the geometry and energetics of the Si{sub 36} cluster are performed by searching 17 structural isomers including cage, wire, and stuffed fullerene. It is found that the tricapped-trigonal-prism unit is not the structural unit for Si{sub 36}, and the stable structure is identified to have a more spherical geometry derived from the stuffed fullerene configurations. This is in agreement with the experiment which suggested a structural transition from the elongated geometry to a more spherical one for the medium sized silicon cluster [Hudgins et al., J. Chem. Phys. 111, 7865 (1999); Bergeron et al., J. Chem. Phys. 117, 3219 (2002)].
MAPbI3 Deposition by LV-PSE on TiO2 for Photovoltaic Application

Hybrid perovskites are one of the most popular materials nowadays due to their very exclusive properties. To mitigate costs, complexity, and environmental impact, in this work, we have prepared methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) films by a two-step Low-Vacuum Proximity-Space-Effusion (LV-PSE). The LV-PSE method exploits the low vacuum and the short diffusion path from the precursor source to have high thermal energy and partial pressure of the sublimated species close to the substrate. To this aim, the substrate is located at a medium distance (∼2 cm) from the melting pots in a low-vacuum chamber at ∼4 × 10−2 mbar. In the first step, a PbI2 film is deposited on a substrate; in the second step, the conversion into MAPbI3 occurs via an adsorption-incorporation-migration mechanism through the evaporation of methylammonium iodide (MAI) reagents. To exploit the potential of the conversion reaction, 190 nm MAPbI3 layers are deposited on TiO2 substrates. The layers were characterized in terms of crystal structure by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses, which showed the exclusive presence of MAPbI3 confirming the complete conversion of the PbI2 film. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analyses revealed a flat uniform pinhole-free coverage of the substrates and good conformational coverage of the TiO2 underlayer. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analyses addressed the formation of the tetragonal phase and the absence of the amorphous phase in the film. Spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) analyses were used to explore the optical properties and the stability of the MAPbI3 layer at different temperatures and ambient conditions. As proof of concept, solar cell architectures were prepared using TiO2 as Electron Transporting Layer (ETL), Spiro-OMeTAD as Hole Transporting Layer (HTL), and Au as a contact to exploit the new up-scalable and clean deposition method. Using just ∼190 nm thick layers, the best efficiency reached with this architecture was 6.30%.
Output Feedback Control Under Randomly Varying Distributed Delays

An output feedback control law has been formulated in a stochastic setting, based on the principles of minimum variance filtering and dynamic programming, for application to processes that are subjected to randomly varying distributed delays. The proposed estimation and control law for delay compensation is built on the concept of the conventional linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG), called delay compensated linear quadratic Gaussian (DCLQG). Although the certainty equivalence property of LQG does not hold for DCLQG in general, the combined state estimation and state feedback approach of DCLQG offers a suboptimal solution to the control problem under randomly varying distributed delays. DCLQG is potentially applicable to analysis and synthesis of control systems for vehicle management of future generation aircraft where a computer network is employed for distributed processing and on-line information exchange between diverse control and decision-making functions. Results of simulation experiments are presented to demonstrate efficacy of the proposed DCLQG algorithm for flight control of an advanced aircraft.
On the measurability of functions in two variables

By hypothesis (y2y1 yiy2') (b) =0. The integrand in (7) is positive, however, as long as y2(S) >yl(s) and in particular on some interval (a, a)-because (y2-yi)'(a) >0. In fact, a may be taken as b because the same argument as in Lemma 1 shows that the graphs of y2(x) and y1(x) can not intersect on (a, b). Thus the right side of (7) does not tend to zero as x >b-. I PROOF OF THE THEOREM. The existence of at least one solution of (1) +(C) has been proved by Nehari [1, Theorem IV]. By the preceding lemmas there is at most one such solution. I
Heat capacity of hydrogenated diamond-like carbon films

We have used differential scanning calorimetry to measure the heat capacity of diamond-like carbon (DLC) film prepared by a plasma immersion ion processing method. The same calorimeter was used to measure the heat capacity of single crystal natural diamond and of high purity graphite. The amount of atomic hydrogen trapped in the DLC films was determined by elastic-recoil-detection spectrometry. The present data and literature values were used to deduce an expression for the specific heat that factors out the contribution from the sp3/sp2 bonding and from the atomic hydrogen trapped in the carbon. The data shows that the hydrogen contribution to the specific heat of carbon is independent of the sp3/sp2 bonding and amounts to about 0.63kB per hydrogen atom. We propose a simple method to determine the sp3/sp2 bonding ratio in hydrogenated DLC films based on measuring the specific heat and the hydrogen content of the sample.
Perturbation expansion around extended-particle states in quantum field theory

The quantum mechanics of solitary-wave classical solutions of nonlinear wave equations is discussed in detail for the kink solution of two-dimensional φ4 field theory. The formalism provides a natural interpretation of an extended particle, the soliton, for the classical kink. The perturbation theory around the extended particle is developed and used to calculate the radiative corrections for the mass of soliton up to one loop. The mass renormalization is discussed in detail to show that the mass counterterm to the nonsoliton sector also does the job for the present case, i.e. one-soliton sector. Although our formalism is not manifestly Lorentz-covariant, the Lorentz covariance is shown explicitly by calculating the soliton energy for a fixed momentum. Finally, the paper also contains the perturbation calculation of matrix element of φ fields between one-soliton states.
Nonthermal radiation from supernova remnants in the adiabatic stage of evolution.

We develop a physically self-consistent model for nonthermal radiation from supernova remnants in the adiabatic blast-wave (Sedov) phase of evolution, assuming relativistic electrons are accelerated in the shock to an energy density proportional to the postshock pressure, and that the magnetic field is either compressed ambient field or turbulently amplified. We have compared the resulting synchrotron profiles with observations of Tycho's remnant and find the amplified magnetic field model gives an adequate fit if there is a small radially ordered component of the magnetic field at the shock wave. The model predicts that surface brightness of Tycho declines as (diameter)/sup -4.4/ and that the flux declines by 0.25% per year. We explain the featureless power-law X-ray spectrum of the SN 1006 remnant as the extension of the radio emission: the entire spectrum can be fitted when synchrotron losses are included. The model implies that while several percent of the shock energy goes into The magnetic field, only 2 x 10/sup -5/ of the shock energy goes into relativistic electrons.
Semantic annotation in earth observation based on active learning

As the data acquisition capabilities of earth observation (EO) satellites have been improved significantly, a large amount of high-resolution images are downlinked continuously to ground stations. The data volume increases rapidly beyond the users’ capability to access the information content of the data. Thus, interactive systems that allow fast indexing of high-resolution images based on image content are urgently needed. In this paper, we present an interactive learning system for semantic annotation and content mining at patch level. It mainly comprises four components: primitive feature extraction including both spatial and temporal features, relevance feedback based on active learning, a human machine communication (HMC) interface and data visualisation. To overcome the shortage of training samples and to speed up the convergence, active learning is employed in this system. Two core components of active learning are the classifier training using already labelled image patches, and the sample selection strategy which selects the most informative samples for manual labelling. These two components work alternatively, significantly reducing the labelling effort and achieving fast indexing. In addition, our data visualisation is particularly designed for multi-temporal and multi-sensor image indexing, where efficient visualisation plays a critical role. The system is applicable to both optical and synthetic aperture radar images. It can index patches and it can also discover temporal patterns in satellite image time series. Three typical case studies are included to show its wide use in EO applications.
Moving point target detection based on clutter suppression using spatiotemporal local increment coding

A point target detection method based on clutter suppression is proposed to detect moving point targets in infrared (IR) image sequences. First, an algorithm with spatiotemporal local increment coding is proposed to estimate the clutter background. Then the target is detected by suppressing the estimated clutter background. During the spatiotemporal coding process, both inter-frame and intra-frame properties of the IR image sequence are taken into account. Experimental results demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.
The late A-type stars - Refined MK classification, confrontation with Stromgren photometry, and the effects of rotation

The MK spectral classification for late A-type stars is refined and the effects of rotation of spectral classification and uvby(beta) photometry for these stars are examined. It is found that, for A3 stars, the 4417/4481 A wavelength ratio produces results that are inconsistent with the Stark broadening of the H lines. It is suggested that this ratio is not useful as a luminosity criterion at any spectral type. Self-consistent sequences of narrow- and broadline standards are established. The results of the refined classification system are compared with Stromgren photometry, showing a set of low-v sin i A-type stars with anomalously large delta(c sub 1) indices for their luminosity types. It is proposed that these stars are rapid rotators seen at fairly low inclination angles. 24 refs.
Scaling limits for weakly pinned random walks with two large deviation minimizers

The scaling limits for d-dimensional random walks perturbed by an attractive force toward the origin are studied under the critical situation that the rate functional of the corresponding large deviation principle admits two minimizers. Our results extend those obtained by (2) from the mean-zero Gaussian to non-Gaussian setting under the absence of the wall. 1. Introduction and main result. It is a general principle in the study of various kinds of scaling limits that the limit points, at least at the level of law of large numbers, can be characterized by variational problems which minimize the rate functionals of the corresponding large deviation principles. However, if the rate functional admits several minimizers, the large deviation principle is not sucient to give an appropriate answer. This paper discusses such problem, especially for random walks on R d perturbed by an attractive force toward the origin 0 2 R d , motivated by certain models for interfaces or directed polymers.
Determination of Mean Rainfall from the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) Using a Mixed Lognormal Distribution

Abstract Global estimates of monthly, seasonal, and annual oceanic rainfall are computed for a period of 1 year using data from the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I). Instantaneous rainfall estimates are derived from brightness temperature values obtained from the satellite data using the Hughes D-matrix algorithm, which was originally developed by Environmental Research and Technology, Inc. (ERT). The instantaneous rainfall estimates are stored in 1° square bins over the global oceans for each month. A mixed probability distribution combining a lognormal distribution describing the positive rainfall values and a spike at zero describing the observations indicating no rainfall is used to compute mean values. The resulting data for the period of interest are fitted to a lognormal distribution by using a maximum-likelihood method. Mean values are computed for the mixed distribution and qualitative comparisons with published historical results as well as quantitative comparisons with corresponding in s.
Subaru Near-IR Coronagraphic Image of LkHα 198 ∗

High-resolution near-infrared imaging of a Herbig Ae/Be star LkHα 198 has been carried out using the coronagraphic camera CIAO (Coronagraphic Imager with Adaptive Optics) on the Subaru 8.2m Telescope. Obtained images resolve the infrared companion (IRC) and an associated reflection nebula. The IRC exhibits near-infrared colors suggestive of a class I-like source. Faint nebulae associated with outflow activity and a bright flattened envelope are also found around the primary. Our observations provide morphological evidence of the IRC being an outflow source as well as the primary star.
Electrically small resonators for energy harvesting in the infrared regime

A novel structure based on electrically small resonators is proposed for harvesting the infrared energy and yielding more than 80% harvesting efficiency. The dispersion effect of the dielectric and conductor materials of the resonators is taken into account by applying the Drude model. A new scheme to channel the infrared waves from an array of split ring resonators is proposed, whereby a wide-bandwidth collector is utilized by employing this new channeling concept.
Discovery of X-ray emission from two southern supernova remnants

Two soft X-ray sources positionally coincident with the supernova remnants PKS 1209-52 and RCW 103 have been discovered by using the A-2 experiment on HEAO 1. Their measured fluxes are, respectively, about 1.4 x 10 to the -10th erg/cm-sec (0.2-1.0 keV) and about 1.8 x 10 to the -10th erg/cm-sec (0.6-2.0 keV). Spectral data are used to derive physical parameters for each remnant. For PKS 1209-52 the parameters are suggestive of the remnant's being in an advanced evolutionary phase, with shock-heated interstellar material producing the soft X-ray emission. RCW 103, in contrast, is known from radio and optical data to be in an earlier evolutionary phase, and the soft X-ray flux is most likely due to emission originating in a reflected shock wave or in plasma evaporated from shock-heated interstellar clouds.
Development of radiation-resistant magnet coils for high-intensity beam lines

In connection with the Japanese Hadron Facility (JHF) project, the development of new types of radiation-resistant magnet coils has been continued at KEK. One major program is the design and production of a mineral insulation cable (MIC) with a larger maximum current. We have already developed a 2000A-class MIC having a square-cross-section hollow conductor. A sample magnet coil was fabricated with this MIC. Tests of its stability and reliability are under progress. We are now planning to develop a 3000A-class MIC. The other program is R/D work on a completely inorganic wrapping insulation material which can be used like the usual type glass-fiber tape pre-impregnated with epoxy-resin. After tests of the mechanical strength and electric insulation of many combinations of tapes and bonds, we found a pure (99%>) alumina-fiber tape pre-impregnated with inorganic cement that is suitable for a magnet coil insulator after thermal curing. >