Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TITLE: The Rebased Nigerian Gross Domestic Product (GDP): A Paradox of Realities

This study titled ‘The Rebased Nigerian Gross Domestic Product (GDP): A Paradox of Realities’ is motivated by the fact that recent rebasing of the Nigerian Gross Domestic Product now positions the Nigerian economy as the largest in Africa ahead of South Africa and Egypt, and that in spite of this huge GDP, there is a clear evidence of a co-existence of abject poverty on the one hand and abundant human and natural resources on the other. This paradox economist referred to as “resource curse”. The study made use of secondary data sourced from the Central bank of Nigeria (CBN) and the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) to show forth the significance of GDP rebasing and the evidence of this paradox. Using appropriate descriptive statistical tools our study revealed that though the rebased GDP holds great potentials for the Nigerian economy, it is not a true reflection of the realities on ground in terms of impact on the welfare of Nigerian citizens. Therefore, the study recommended that the Government should create a support mechanism for the very poor population in order to boost their consumption capacity and make them active players in the economy, as a strategy to create market for local industry.
Linear and Circular Permutations with Limited Number of Repetitions

The problem of linear and circular permutations of n identical objects in m boxes, where a limit l is imposed on the number of objects in a box, is considered. In the linear case, where the boxes are arranged as a row, two methods of solution are described. The first uses the partition diagram that is modified with prescribed number of zeros, and the second applies a direct combinatorial approach. Subject to constraints set on the relation between n and l, results of the combinatorial approach are used to solve the problem where there are more than one type of objects. These solutions are then extended for the case of boxes comprising subgroups that are characterized by different values of l. In the circular case, where the boxes are arranged in the form of a circle, no direct combinatorial solution in close form is available. Consequently, in the latter case, the solution relies on the use of the modified partition diagram. This solution, which involves the application of multinomial permutations on a circle, is also extended to the case of two kinds of objects.
New Forecasting Methods for an Old Problem: Predicting 147 Years of Systemic Financial Crises

A reflection on the lackluster growth over the decade since the Global Financial Crisis has renewed interest in preventative measures for a long-standing problem. Advances in machine learning algorithms during this period present promising forecasting solutions. In this context, the paper develops new forecasting methods for an old problem by employing 13 machine learning algorithms to study 147 year of systemic financial crises across 17 countries. It entails 12 leading indicators comprising real, banking and external sectors. Four modelling dimensions encompassing a contemporaneous pooled format through an expanding window, transformations with a lag structure and 20-year rolling window as well as individual format are implemented to assess performance through recursive out-of-sample forecasts. Findings suggest fixed capital formation is the most important variable. GDP per capita and consumer inflation have increased in prominence whereas debt-to-GDP, stock market and consumption were dominant at the turn of the 20 th century. Through a lag structure, banking sector predictors on average describe 28 percent of the variation in crisis prevalence, real sector 64 percent and external sector 8 percent. A lag structure and rolling window both improve on optimised contemporaneous and individual country formats. Nearly half of all algorithms reach peak performance through a lag structure. As measured through AUC, 𝐹 (cid:2869) and Brier scores, top performing machine learning methods consistently produce high accuracy rates, with both random forests and gradient boosting in front with 77 percent correct forecasts. Top models contribute added value above 20 percentage points in most instances and deals with a high degree of complexity across several countries. JEL
Diagnostic Significance of Hepatic Fibrosis in Patients with Extrahepatic Chronic Viral Hepatitis C

Annotation: A retrospective analysis of 319 adult patients aged 18 to 71 years with CHC caused by HCV genotypes 1, 2, and 3 who were treated at the Bukhara IIB from 01/01/2018 to 11/30/2020 was carried out. The inclusion criteria for the study were serological confirmation of the presence of antibodies against CHC by ELISA, qualitative and quantitative determination of HCV RNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results of liver elastography, the distribution of fibrotic processes in patients with chronic hepatitis C shows that the main group of patients with fibrotic processes of the F2-F3 stage was 74.1%, and in the control group of patients with F1-F2-stage fibrotic lesions - 63.8%. Fibrous lesions F0 - F1 stage in the main group was 21.4% of patients and in the control 47.9%.
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE)

Received Aug 24, 2021 Revised Jun 17, 2022 Accepted Jul 10, 2022 Nowadays, the database field has gotten much more diverse, and as a result, a variety of non-relational (NoSQL) databases have been created, including JSON-document databases and key-value stores, as well as extensible markup language (XML) and graph databases. Due to the emergence of a new generation of data services, some of the problems associated with big data have been resolved. In addition, in the haste to address the challenges of big data, NoSQL abandoned several core databases features that make them extremely efficient and functional, for instance the global view, which enables users to access data regardless of how it is logically structured or physically stored in its sources. In this article, we propose a method that allows us to query non-relational databases based on the ontology-based access data (OBDA) framework by delegating SPARQL protocol and resource description framework (RDF) query language (SPARQL) queries from ontology to the NoSQL database. We applied the method on a popular database called Couchbase and we discussed the result obtained.
Giant magnetoelectric coefficients in (Fe90Co10)78Si12B10-AlN thin film composites

Thin film magnetoelectric (ME) two–two composites consisting of AlN and amorphous (Fe90Co10)78Si12B10 layers were fabricated by magnetron sputtering on Si (100) substrates. Upon magnetic field annealing they show an extremely high ME coefficient of 737 V/cm Oe at mechanical resonance at 753 Hz and 3.1 V/cm Oe out of resonance at 100 Hz. These are the highest reported ME coefficients in thin film composites ever. Furthermore, the induced magnetic anisotropy by field annealing serves the possibility to obtain a sensor element with a pronounced sensitivity in only one dimension, which allows the realization of a three-dimensional vector field sensor.
A Comparative Study of DPI levels on BMS IC With an On-Hand Analytical Model to Predict Resonances

When it comes to the electromagnetic interference (EMI) immunity of a Battery Management System Integrated Circuit (BMS IC), Printed Circuit Board (PCB) traces, external components and BMS impedance have a major impact. In a number of cases, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) issues are reported at the last testing phase which can lead to design changes thus increasing cost and time to market. In this context, this work gives an insight on what some design choices on the external components, PCB traces and hot-plug (HP) protection architecture can lead to in terms of the noise coupled to the BMS IC. Moreover, an analytical model based on ladder network theory is used to predict the main noise coupling frequencies under some low-cost design choices. This model is then used in the comparison of two HP protection architectures in terms of the noise coupled onto the BMS IC.
A unified theory correcting Einstein-Laub’s electrodynamics solves dilemmas in the electromagnetic stress tensors and photon momenta

To unify and clarify the persistently debated electromagnetic stress tensors (ST) and photon momenta, we establish a theory inspired by the Einstein-Laub formalism inside an arbitrary macroscopic object immersed in any complex medium. Our generalized Einstein-Laub force and ST yield the total force experienced by any generic macroscopic object due to the internal field interacting with its atoms, charges and molecules. Appropriate scenarios are established for the conservation of a newly proposed momentum that we call non-mechanical generalized Einstein-Laub momentum, along with the kinetic and canonical momenta of photons. Our theory remains valid even in a generally heterogeneous or bounded embedding background medium without resorting to hidden momenta, and unambiguously identifies the 'existence domain’, or validity domain, of the STs and photon momenta proposed to date. This 'existence domain’ is the region either outside a macroscopic scatterer with only exterior fields, or at its interior with only inside fields. The appropriate identification of such ‘existence domain’ constitutes the basis of our unified theory. Finally, a thought experiment is proposed, which shows that the appropriate force and the photon momentum in the embedding medium can also be properly identified if the background is comparatively larger than the embedded scatterer. It also explains the fully different roles of the Abraham and Minkowski photon momenta in the embedding medium. Most importantly, our unified theory reveals that a unique formulation of the momentum conservation law is unfeasible, though a generalized expression of the ST and momentum density is achievable in terms of new concepts that we introduce, namely, the 'effective polarization' and 'effective magnetization'.
A causal perspective on random geometry

In this thesis we investigate the importance of causality in non-perturbative approaches to quantum gravity. Firstly, causal sets are introduced as a simple kinematical model for causal geometry. It is shown how causal sets could account for the microscopic origin of the Bekenstein entropy bound. Holography and finite entropy emerge naturally from the interplay between causality and discreteness. Going beyond causal set kinematics is problematic however. It is a hard problem to find the right amplitude to attach to each causal set that one needs to define the non-perturbative quantum dynamics of gravity. One approach which is ideally suited to define the non-perturbative gravitational path integral is dynamical triangulation. Without causality this method leads to unappealing features of the quantum geometry though. It is shown how causality is instrumental in regulating this pathological behavior. In two dimensions this approach of causal dynamical triangulations has been analytically solved by transfer matrix methods. In this thesis considerable progress has been made in the development of more powerful techniques for this approach. The formulation through matrix models and a string field theory allow us to study interesting generalizations. Particularly, it has become possible to define the topological expansion. A surprising twist of the new matrix model is that it partially disentangles the large-N and continuum limit. This makes our causal model much closer in spirit to the original idea by 't Hooft than the conventional matrix models of non-critical string theory.
On optimal truncation of divergent series solutions of nonlinear differential systems

We prove that for divergent series solutions of nonlinear (or linear) differential systems near a generic irregular singularity, the common prescription of summation to the least term is, if properly interpreted, meaningful and correct, and we extend this method to trans–series solutions. In every direction in the complex plane at the singularity (Stokes' directions not excepted) there exists a non–empty set of solutions whose difference from the ‘optimally’ (i.e. near the least term) truncated asymptotic series is of the same (exponentially small) order of magnitude as the least term of the series. There is a family of generalized Borel summation formulae, B, which commute with the usual algebraic and analytic operations (addition, multiplication, differentiation, etc.). We show that there is exactly one of them, B0such that for any formal series solution f, B0 f differs from the optimal truncation of f by at most the order of the least term of f. We show in addition that the Berry–smoothing phenomenon is universal within this class of differential systems. Whenever the terms ‘beyond all orders’ change in crossing a Stokes line, these terms vary smoothly on the Berry scale (x) ~ x –1/2 and the transition is always given by the error function; under the same conditions we show that Dingle' rule of signs for Stokes' transitions holds.
20 0 v 2 1 9 Ju n 20 07 Quarkonia and Quark Drip Lines in Quark-Gluon Plasma

We extract the Q-Q̄ potential by using the thermodynamic quantities obtained in lattice gauge calculations. The potential is tested and found to give spontaneous dissociation temperatures that agree well with those from lattice gauge spectral function analysis. Using such a Q-Q̄ potential, we examine the quarkonium states in a quark-gluon plasma and determine the ‘quark drip lines’ which separate the region of bound color-singlet QQ̄ states from the unbound region. The characteristics of the quark drip lines severely limit the region of possible bound QQ̄ states with light quarks to temperatures close to the phase transition temperature. Bound quarkonia with light quarks may exist very near the phase transition temperature if their effective quark mass is of the order of 300-400 MeV and higher.
Morphology and immunolocalization of intertubular steroidogenic cell in mesonephros of Podocnemis expansa during gonadal differentiation

Abstract Sex steroid hormones are critical in gonadal differentiation in turtles. The gonads are not the only organs responsible for producing these hormones during this phase. Mesonephros play an important role in steroidogenesis. The present study aimed to investigate the presence of steroidogenic cells in mesonephros of Podocnemis expansa during gonadal differentiation and to evaluate their morphology and ultrastructure. Ten embryos of P. expansa were collected from 5 nests on day 36 of incubation, during spawning period on an artificial beach. Embryos were extracted from eggs by slicing the shell and euthanized. They were dissected under a stereoscopic microscope to collect the gonad-mesonephro complex, in which were fixed and subsequently processed for light microscopy, immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy analysis. During histological analysis was observed mesonephros has typical morphological structure. Immunohistochemistry showed immunoreaction to aromatase in cells of intertubular space. Confirming these findings, it was possible to observe a type of intertubular cell in several regions of mesonephro, being more predominant in region close to blood vessels, distal and proximal tubules. In ultrastructural analysis these cells were characterized by having a clear, large, and rounded nucleus with evident nucleolus and cytoplasm rich in electron-dense droplets. This study demonstrated for the first time the presence of cells with morphological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural characteristics similar to steroid-producing cells in P. expansa mesonephrons, suggesting that this organ may contribute to gonadal differentiation in this species.
Knockdown of TRPM7 attenuates apoptosis and inflammation in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis model cell IEC-6 via modulating TLR4/NF-κB and MEK/ERK pathways

Objective(s): Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common gastrointestinal critical illness in neonatal infants. TRPM7 reportedly plays a role in human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer, but the role of TRPM7 in the pathogenesis of NEC remains vague. Materials and Methods: The expression of TRPM7 was determined in intestinal tissues of NEC patients and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IEC-6 cells. Subsequently, a loss-of-function assay was performed to assess the effects of TRPM7 on cell apoptosis and inflammatory response in IEC-6 cells after LPS induction. Furthermore, the modulation of TRPM7 on TLR4/NF-κB and MEK/ERK signaling pathways was validated. Results: The expression of TRPM7 was higher in the intestinal tissues of NEC patients compared with the normal human intestinal tissues. Moreover, the expression level of TRPM7 was elevated in LPS stimulation IEC-6 cells. Knockdown of TRPM7 enhanced cell viability and suppressed apoptosis, accompanied by the decreased Bax/Bcl-1 ratio and cleaved-caspase3 expression in LPS-induced IEC-6 cells. Additionally, TRPM7 silencing attenuated LPS-induced expressions and secretions of proinflammatory cytokines. Mechanistically, TRPM7 knockdown inhibited the TLR4/NF-κB activation, while enhancing the MEK/ERK activation in LPS-treated IEC-6 cells. Overexpression of TLR4 or inhibition of MEK attenuated the inhibitory effects of TRPM7 knockdown on LPS-induced apoptosis and inflammation in IEC-6 cells. Conclusion: Knockdown of TRPM7 attenuated LPS-induced IEC-6 cell apoptosis and inflammation by modulating TLR4/NF-κB and MEK/ERK pathways.
Can learnings from the COVID-19 pandemic improve trial conduct post-pandemic? A case study of strategies used by the DISC trial

Background RCTs often face issues such as slow recruitment, poor intervention adherence and high attrition, however the 2020/2021 COVID-19 pandemic intensified these challenges. Strategies employed by the DISC trial to overcome pandemic-related barriers to recruitment, treatment delivery and retention may be useful to help overcome routine problems. Methods A structured survey and teleconference with sites was undertaken. Key performance indicators in relation to recruitment, treatment delivery and retention were compared descriptively before and after the pandemic started. This was situated also in relation to qualitative opinions of research staff. Results Prior to the pandemic, retention was 93.6%. Increased support from the central trial management team and remote data collection methods kept retention rates high at 81.2% in the first 6 months of the pandemic, rising to 89.8% in the subsequent 6 months. Advertising the study to patients resulted in 12.8 patients/month enquiring about participation, however only six were referred to recruiting sites. Sites reported increased support from junior doctors resolved research nurse capacity issues. One site avoided long delays by using theatre space in a private hospital. Conclusions Recruitment post-pandemic could be improved by identification of barriers, increased support from junior doctors through the NIHR associate PI scheme and advertising. Remote back-up options for data collection can keep retention high while reducing patient and site burden. To future proof studies against similar disruptions and provide more flexibility for participants, we recommend that RCTs have a back-up option of remote recruitment, a back-up location for surgeries and flexible approaches to collecting data.
Polio eradication in a chronic conflict setting lessons from the Republic of South Sudan, 2010-2020

Introduction in 1988 the World Health Assembly set an ambitious target to eradicate Wild Polio Virus (WPV) by 2000, following the successful eradication of the smallpox virus in 1980. South Sudan and the entire African region were certified WPV free on August 25, 2020. South Sudan has maintained its WPV free status since 2010, and this paper reviewed the country’s progress, outlined lessons learned, and describes the remaining challenges in polio eradication. Methods secondary data analysis was conducted using the Ministry of Health and WHO polio surveillance datasets, routine immunisation coverage, polio campaign data, and surveys from 2010 to 2020. Relevant technical documents and reports on polio immunisation and surveillance were also reviewed. Data analysis was conducted using EPI Info 7 software. Results administrative routine immunisation coverage for bivalent Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) 3rd dose declined from 77% in 2010 to 56% in 2020. In contrast, the administrative and post-campaign evaluation coverage recorded for the nationwide supplemental polio campaigns since 2011 was consistently above 85%; however, campaigns declined in number from four in 2011 to zero in 2020. Overall, 76% of notified cases of Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) received three or more doses of the oral polio vaccine. The Annualized Non-AFP rate ranged between 4.0 to 5.4 per 100,000 under 15 years populations, and stool adequacy ranged from 83% to 94%. Conclusion South Sudan’s polio-free status documentation was accepted by the ARCC in 2020, thereby enabling the African Region to be certified WPV free on August 25, 2020. However, there are concerns as the country continues to report low routine immunisation coverage and a reduction in the number of polio campaigns conducted each year. It is recommended that the country conduct high-quality nationwide supplemental polio campaigns yearly to achieve and maintain the required herd immunity. It invests in its routine immunisation program while ensuring optimal AFP surveillance performance indicators.
Lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium as anti-atherosclerotic agents

Atherosclerosis is the thickening or hardening of the arteries which is caused by a buildup of atheromatous plaque in the inner lining of an artery. Hypercholesterolemia, inflammation, oxidative stress, and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) are important risk factors for atherosclerosis. Therefore, this study aimed to review the anti-atherosclerotic effects of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium via improving lipid profile and reducing the effects of oxidative stress, inflammation, and TMAO. To prepare the present review, several databases such as Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar were searched, and relevant articles from 1990 until 2022 were selected and reviewed. The present review showed that Lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium reduce the risk of atherosclerosis in both in vitro and in vivo studies by breaking down or altering cholesterol metabolism with the help of their by-products and by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress and TMAO. Consumption of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium can be useful in prevention of atherosclerosis.