Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High speed hybrid active system

A novel piezoelectric/fiber-optic system is developed for long-term health monitoring of aerospace vehicles and structures. The hybrid diagnostic system uses the piezoelectric actuators to input a controlled excitation to the structure and the fiber optic sensors to capture the corresponding structural response. The aim of the system is to detect changes in structures such as those found in aerospace applications (damage, cracks, aging, etc.). This system involves the use of fiber Bragg gratings, which may be either bonded to the surface of the material or embedded within it in order to detect the linear strain component produced by the excitation waves generate by an arbitrary waveform generator. Interrogation of the Bragg gratings is carried out using a high speed fiber grating demodulation unit and a high speed data acquisition card to provide actuation input. With data collection and information processing; is able to determine the condition of the structure. The demands on a system suitable for detecting ultrasonic acoustic waves are different than for the more common strain and temperature systems. On the one hand, the frequency is much higher, with typical values for ultrasonic frequencies used in non-destructive testing ranging from 100 kHz up to several MHz. On the other hand, the related strain levels are much lower, normally in the μstrain range. Fiber-optic solutions for this problem do exist and are particularly attractive for ultrasonic sensing as the sensors offer broadband detection capability.
Eddy current magnetic levitation. Models and experiments

We present a simple demonstration of eddy-current magnetic levitation using a small copper coil, energized with 60 Hz AC and levitated over an aluminum plate. The processes that generate magnetic forces are identified using Maxwell's equations. Through this experiment, a method for determining lift-off power, levitation height and suspension resonant frequency is shown. The principles outlined in this article have numerous applications to magnetic levitation, induction heating and other electrodynamic processes involving induced eddy currents. Scaling laws show how to size a suspension conductor and power supply for a given levitated load.
Lane Model and Calculation of Lane Geometric Structure and Vehicle Deviation Angle and Position in Lane for Intelligent Vehicle

Lane model, lane geometric structure calculation, and vehicle deviation angle and position calculation is a crucial part in automatic drive of intelligent vehicle. In this paper, we introduce a lane model and calculation equations of lane geometric structure and vehicle deviation angle and position in lane. Firstly, we establish the world coordinate system and derive the lane boundary equation based on the actual lane alignment. Secondly, we derive the lane boundary equation in the camera coordinate system through the coordinate transformation. Then we build up the image coordinate system and the pixel coordinate system and derive the lane projective parameter model. Finally, we derive the calculation equations of lane geometric structure and vehicle deviation angle and position in lane. For we introduce the camera roll angle, the lane curvature change rate, and the reasonable assumption in the derivation, the lane model and the calculation are more general and accurate.
Study on Size Selections of the Ten-Needle Inline Nozzle Structure

The main objective of this study is to select the reasonable parameters for the ten-needle inline nozzle structure. Its internal flow fields were simulated by using FLUENT software. Quadrature calculations are conducted according to different inlet flow, different diameters and different lengths of the needles. The partial flow and drift rates under different inlet fluxes were analyzed. Through curve fitting method, the size ranges of the optimal structure under different conditions are obtained.
Linking quality assurance to human resource management: a study of SMEs in Malaysia

Purpose – As organizations try to provide quality assurance from ISO certification, the importance of people management through better HR management assumes greater significance. This paper aims to examine this issue. It seeks to compare selected ISO certified SMEs with non‐ISO certified SMEs on several HR practices.Design/methodology/approach – A sample of 292 employees drawn from ten SMEs, five of them ISO certified, responded to a questionnaire which measured the adequacy of the following HRM systems: career system (manpower planning and recruitment, potential assessment, career planning), work system (role analysis, contextual analysis, performance appraisal), development system (training and learning, performance guidance, knowledge sharing, other means of competency development), self‐renewal system (role efficacy, OD practices, action‐oriented research), and HRD system (HRD climate, organizational values, quality orientation, reward and recognition). Findings – The results indicated a moderate ratin.
Sustainability performance: Addressing the now with attention to the future

Sustainability challenges people to think about the “big picture” and to consider a longer time frame. But sustainability can be a difficult concept for organizations to translate into tangible day-to-day action. Should your efforts focus on avoiding negative environmental, social, and economic impacts? Or should they emphasize improving operational performance in order to produce favorable outcomes? There is a way to address this dilemma. By focusing on activities that produce products and services, an organization can harness and release the talents of its people to produce favorable sustainability results. Operational processes are the “enablers” that produce results. By focusing on them, organizations can emphasize proactive operations rather than reactive responses to impacts.
Fact, fiction, and feng shui: an exploratory study

Purpose – This exploratory study aims to determine whether a relationship is likely to exist between good feng shui and success.Design/methodology/approach – The feng shui of eight hotel foyers and entrances were evaluated against 20 criteria, and managers asked to comment on the success of their hotels. Results were examined for possible relationships between feng shui and their descriptions of success.Findings – Similarities between the reported success of hotel and feng shui evaluations were found in six out of the eight hotels in the study.Research limitations/implications – Responses on success were subjective and based on five criteria, which were insufficient to determine the existence of a firm relationship between actual success and feng shui. However, this was an exploratory study, and the relationships were sufficiently strong to warrant further research.Practical implications – Findings suggest that feng shui offers useful design principles, and hotels with good feng shui are described as bein.
A PITCH-PLANE MODEL OF A VEHICLE WITH CONTROLLED SUSPENSION.

SUMMARY A vehicle model incorporating front and rear wheel suspensions and seat suspension is presented. The suspension control includes algorithms to provide both dynamic and steady state (levelling) control. Vehicle response to (a) vertical inputs due to ground disturbances at the wheels and (b) longitudinal inputs due to the inertial forces during braking and accelerating, are investigated. It is shown that the static (self-levelling) control causes a slight deterioration in dynamic performance. The active ride control produces improvements of ride comfort under dynamic conditions compared to an equivalent passively suspended vehicle. In steady state the proposed control eliminates the error heave of the body caused by tilting of the vehicle with active suspension.
Cost Estimates of Transport Air Pollution in Santiago, Chile

Findings from a study that attempts to monetize the costs of transport air pollution in Santiago, Chile, are presented. The costs per pollutant used in the study come from a 1994 World Bank study estimating morbidity and mortality costs of air pollution in Santiago, based on productivity losses and treatment costs. Using MOBILE-derived vehicle emissions factors and estimated vehicle distances traveled by various vehicle types, the total estimated transport pollution costs incurred in 1994 are presented. Also presented are estimated average air pollution costs per passenger kilometer traveled for pre- and post-EPA87 standard autos and taxis and pre–and post–EPA91 standard buses, as well as for Santiago’s Metro (urban heavy rail). Future air pollution trends in Santiago are discussed, and a theoretical discussion of the potential application of these cost estimates for transportation policy making in the city is provided.
Control techniques for structural testing: A review

Abstract Dynamic testing of structures and components in the laboratory to determine their mechanical properties is an essential part of engineering research and development. Test apparatus of increasing sophistication has been designed over the past few decades to replicate real-world forces and motions within the laboratory environment. Accurate control of actuators is vital to the effectiveness of such apparatus, and a variety of closed- and open-loop control algorithms has been developed to address this need. The present paper reviews algorithms that are currently used in the testing industry, as well as those which are the subject of academic and industrial research. The techniques are presented in an analytical framework. As both the required forces and frequency range are often high, electrohydraulic actuation is typically used, and discussion is restricted to this area. Most examples are from the automotive industry or civil engineering field.
Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management Analogical Reasoning and Complexity

The article explores the use of analogical reasoning to understand homeland defense and security issues. Analogical reasoning relies on the analysis of historical precedents. While much value can be inferred from examining historical precedents, accelerated change in contemporary societies decrease its relevance for understanding future events. This article considers whether complexity theory can complement the analogical approach. We formulate a theory of global violence and instability based on analogical reasoning and complexity theory to explicate why violent events persist despite countermeasures taken to contain them. This theory elucidates the phenomenon of escalating violence and explains why movements that perpetrate violence do not quickly mellow. We conclude with testable propositions and suggestions about the practical relevance of the theoretical framework for containing contemporary violence.
Charging/discharging of silicon nanocrystals embedded in an SiO2 matrix inducing reduction/recovery in the total capacitance and tunneling current

In this work, we have found that the charging of Si nanocrystals (nc-Si) distributed throughout a thin gate oxide can induce a reduction in the total gate oxide capacitance and tunneling current. The capacitance can be reduced to an extremely low value if the nanocrystals are charged up. The gate oxide current is also found to decrease dramatically if the nanocrystals are charged up. The reduction in both the capacitance and the current caused by the charging in the nanocrystals is found to be fully recoverable under ultraviolet (UV) light illumination for 5 min or a thermal annealing at a temperature of 100 °C for 10 min. The reduction and recovery of the capacitance due to the charging and discharging in the nanocrystals are explained with an equivalent circuit model.
Measuring success in planning: Developing and testing a methodology for planning evaluation

This article presents a view and a methodology of planning evaluation. This view integrates elements from three different types of planning evaluation, based on rationality ex ante, performance and conformance. The authors propose the Plan–Process–Results (PPR) methodology for evaluating planning and plan implementation. A number of criteria for comprehensive evaluation are presented. The application of this methodology to a particular case study, the Lisbon Municipal Plan (1994), illustrates how PPR can enable the identification and explanation of the main successes of planning activity.
Exploring Consumer Motivation at Small-Scale Ski Resorts

Sport tourism has seen tremendous growth in North America in recent years. The Canadian Sport Tourism Alliance (CSTA) saw a 15% increase in sport tourism (domestically and internationally) from 2013 ($5.8 billion) to 2019 ($6.8 billion) (Sport Tourism Canada, 2020). According to the 2017National Association of Sports Commissions 1 (NASC)state of the industry report, the United States saw a 26.1% increase in spending associated with sport tourism between 2012 and 2016 totaling $10.74 billion (NASC, 2017). Since then, sport tourism has skyrocketed to a $45.1 billion industry as of 2019 (Sports ETA, 2020), a 400% increase. The sport tourism industry encompasses many different typologies of sporting events and activities (cf., Standeven & De Knop, 1999). Active sport tourism includes event-based sport tourism (e.g., softball tournament or marathon events) or nonevent-based sport tourism (e.g., golfing and fishing) (Gibson, 1998a, b; Hinch & Higham, 2001; Kaplanidou & Gibson, 2010). Passive sport tourism includes those traveling for spectatorship (e.g., Super Bowl or the World Cup)in addition to spectatorship travel for nostalgic reasons (e.g., Hockey Hall of Fame) (Fairley, 2003; Hinch & Higham, 2001; Kulczycki & Hyatt, 2013). Moreover, sectors of the sport tourism industry may be refined and specialized (Gibson, Attle, & Yiannakis, 1998) such as adventure tourism 2 that include activities such as snowboarding and skiing, or those activities that include an element of danger that will increase the excitement of the sport or physical activity (Beedie & Hudson, 2003).
Durability Performance Analysis of a Differential Gear for a Low Speed Vehicles

Low speed vehicle(LSV), golf carts have unique requirements to differential gear design. For double axle torque LSV differential loading conditions were determined with the help of analytical model and ANSYS finite element analysis. With stress safety factor 3.15, fatigue safety factor 1.08 and fatigue life 106 cycle ring gear teeth strength analysis is performed and structure design optimized. This allows reducing overall cost of differential unit.
Development of material processing system by using a 300 GHz CW gyrotron

High power THz-frequency material processing has great potential for the applications. The gyrotron is a microwave tube capable of delivering very high microwave power in the pulse and CW operation at the THz frequencies. The frequency of gyrotron is proportional to the intensity of magnetic field, because the operation results from the mechanism of cyclotron resonance maser. Therefore, in order to achieve high frequency operation, we need a high magnetic field which superconducting magnets or pulsed-magnets produce. We developed the material heating system by using a 300 GHz gyrotron. This system consists of a 300 GHz, 3.5 kW, CW gyrotron (Gyrotron FU CW I) with a cryogen-free 12 T superconducting magnet, a corrugated circular waveguide and an applicator.
High frequency PWM controlled step-up chopper type DC–DC power converters with reduced peak switch voltage stress

An advanced two-quadrant PWM controlled chopper type DC–DC power converter with lowered peak switch voltage stress, which is effectively used for parallel processing type small-scale UPS applications and utility interactive new energy interface distributed power supplies, is presented. In addition, a coupled inductor-assisted zero-voltage soft-switching PWM step-up chopper controlled type DC–DC power converter is also proposed and discussed. These two DC–DC converter circuit topologies are evaluated and compared on the basis of simulation and experimental results by a 1 kW 50 kHz breadboard setup using MOSFETs. The electromagnetic conductive noise characteristics of both converter circuits are also compared through experimentation.
Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM2): Model Use, Calibration, and Validation

The Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM2) has been used widely for simulating agricultural management effects on crop production and soil and water quality. Although it is a one-dimensional model, it has many desirable features for the modeling community. This article outlines the principles of calibrating the model component by component with one or more datasets and validating the model with independent datasets. Users should consult the RZWQM2 user manual distributed along with the model and a more detailed protocol on how to calibrate RZWQM2 provided in a book chapter. Two case studies (or examples) are included in this article. One is from an irrigated maize study in Colorado to illustrate the use of field and laboratory measured soil hydraulic properties on simulated soil water and crop production. It also demonstrates the interaction between soil and plant parameters in simulated plant responses to water stresses. The other is from a maize-soybean rotation study in Iowa to show a manual calibration of the model for crop yield, soil water, and N leaching in tile-drained soils. Although the commonly used trial-and-error calibration method works well for experienced users, as shown in the second example, an automated calibration procedure is more objective, as shown in the first example. Furthermore, the incorporation of the Parameter Estimation Software (PEST) into RZWQM2 made the calibration of the model more efficient than a grid (ordered) search of model parameters. In addition, PEST provides sensitivity and uncertainty analyses that should help users in selecting the right parameters to calibrate.
Strategies of Mobile Carriers for the Evolution of Mobile Networks in Korea

The mobile network has been developed from 2nd Generation (2G) to Long Term Evolution (LTE) network in Korea. The purpose of this paper is to examine the key factors which affect network development, and to recognize how the mobile carriers and users perceive the rapid change of mobile technology. This study focuses on a pretest to confirm the important factors from the Focus Group Interview (FGI) to Korean Telco representatives and mobile device users. The results show that mobile device users consider devices and contents as more important factors while Korean Telco representatives pursue various strategies and priorities for network evolution. The study will contribute to recognize the differences between providers and users for introducing the new mobile network. Since this paper only describes the pretest results, further research will be conducted with in-depth interview data and statistical approaches.
A HISTORY OF SATELLITE NAVIGATION.

Navigation by use of earth satellites is expanding explosively. Current estimates are that 60,000 civil sets are being produced each month. With increased use in automobiles, ships, and airplanes, this application of satellites is expected soon to rival the communications applications. This paper traces the evolution of satellite navigation from the early stages of the Navy’s Transit system through the developmental Navy and Air Force programs known as Timation and 621B. These early efforts contributed strongly to the synthesis of the current satellite navigation system called GPS. GPS has demonstrated a wide range of applications, from precise survey (at the millimeter level) to the landing of airplanes with positioning uncertainties of a few centimeters. The paper describes the operation of all of these systems, as well as the two Russian systems, Cicada and GLONASS. As the applications expand, GPS will touch every citizen of the world in ways that even today are not fully appreciated.
Nondestructive acoustic microimaging (AMI) analysis of MEMS materials, manufacturing, and packaging

The main type of Acoustic Micro Imaging (AMI) system utilized in this study was the C-Mode Scanning Acoustic Microscope, which is a reflection mode instrument. In this paper we describe the method and application of AMI at frequencies beyond 200 MHz, which reveals defects in the 5 micron size range at depths of 500 microns within silicon.
A Survey of Vibration Energy Harvesters for Wireless Sensor Networks

With the fast developments of small dimension, low cost and low power circuit and sensor, energy supply is becoming a big barrier to wireless sensor networks applications in engineering, and the vibration energy harvester which not only gathering circumstance energy, but also lessening machine harm is an effective solving way. Framework of energy harvesting based wireless sensors networks is designed. And Geometric model, structural parameters, output results and technical characteristics of various vibration energy harvesters are particular introduced in recent three years. Finally future research needs and challenges of vibration energy harvesters for wireless sensor networks are simple analyzed.
Multisegment OTDR-based fiber strain sensors for dynamic structures

We report on the results obtained from testing prototype optical time domain fiber strain sensors on a full scale F-15 test plane at Wright Patterson AFB, OH. The tests included a segmented Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (OTDR) based fiber sensor, as well as a reentrant loop Optical Time Domain strain sensor. The sensors were attached to the underside of one of the plane's wings near the main body of the aircraft. Dynamic loads simulating in-flight conditions were applied through hydraulic actuators mounted on the wing's top and bottom surfaces. Strain levels ranged from 0 to 2500 micron/m during the cyclic load tests. Data was acquired from the high resolution optical time domain system using customized software and a GPIB interface between the system's processor and a personal computer. A new referencing technique allowed quasi-continuous measurements and automatic, periodic reference updating. The strain levels measured with the fiber sensors were compared with those read by conventional strain gages, and good correlation was observed. To our knowledge, these are the first dynamic OTDR picosecond resolution strain measurements ever performed.
Creating a Holistic Systems Framework for Sustainability Assessment of Civil Infrastructure Projects

AbstractThe available sustainability tools and rating systems need to better incorporate the broader socioeconomic settings associated with the built environment. This paper develops, and contributes to the current body of knowledge, two innovative system-based benchmarks for sustainability assessment. On one hand, the “work” benchmark defines the behavioral relationships between the construction products and actors to study technical, social and cultural, and economic sustainability. On the other hand, the “nature” benchmark defines the interactions between construction processes and the surrounding ecosystems to study environmental, individual, and economic sustainability. The authors developed and distributed an expert survey to validate these two benchmarks. Consequently, to test these two novel concepts, the authors analyzed three different civil infrastructure projects. To this end, the authors evaluated the actors, products, and dynamics within the construction processes and their interactions. The.