Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Noise detection in semi-supervised learning with the use of data streams

Often, it is necessary to construct training sets. If we have only a small number of tagged objects and a large group of unlabeled objects, we can build the training set simulating a data stream of unlabelled objects from which it is necessary to learn and to incorporate them to the training set later. In order to prevent deterioration of the training set obtained, in this work we propose a scheme that takes into account the concept drift, since in many situations the distribution of classes may change over time. To classify the unlabelled objects we have used an ensemble of classifiers and we propose a strategy to detect the noise after the classification process.
Bipolare Störungen: Eine Erkrankung mit zwei Gesichtern

Bipolar disorder occurs frequently, however, are often not recognized and consequently not adequately treated. There are established drugs for prophylaxis, such as lithium, carbamazepine, valproate, and lamotrigine and a portfolio of effective new agents for the treatment of bipolar mania, hypomania, and depression. The German Society for Bipolar Disorder made it its task to improve the knowledge of diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, a state-of-the-art update for bipolar disorder in Germany and several other books have been published. The society seeks the cooperation of medical doctors and patients. It is well known how to diagnose and treat bipolar disorder patients, we have to spread the information and implement it to help a greater number of bipolar patients.
Population mobility and household dynamics in rural South Africa: implications for demographic and health research.

Rural areas of South Africa are characterised by highly mobile populations with high rates of circular migration and fluid household and social relationships. The health and demography of South Africa is undergoing substantial changes as a result of the rapidly progressing HIV epidemic. Consequently, for researchers and policy makers, high quality longitudinal socio-demographic and health data from affected areas is critically important. Sociologists and anthropologists have long commented on the conceptual limitations of the social data collected by demographic and health surveys, censuses and demographic surveillance system data. This paper describes a study of households in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, that used qualitative approaches to inform the design of a large, demographic surveillance system. Using in-depth interviews with members of 60 households this research examined local descriptions and categorisations of social structures and processes such as households, residency, intraand inter-household relationships, parenting, partnerships, and household authority. Thirty-five percent of the total household population were non-resident, 41 per cent of all adult members and 29 per cent of all child members were non-resident. We compare our findings with those obtained by applying standard definitions used in most other demographic and health surveys and censuses. We discuss the research potential in modifying population-based data collection instruments to model the complex and dynamic nature of social arrangements in rural areas of southern Africa.
βPix Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor Regulates Regeneration of Injured Peripheral Axons

Axon regeneration is essential for successful recovery after peripheral nerve injury. Although growth cone reformation and axonal extension are crucial steps in axonal regeneration, the regulatory mechanisms underlying these dynamic processes are poorly understood. Here, we identify βPix (Arhgef7), the guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rac1 GTPase, as a regulator of axonal regeneration. After sciatic nerve injury in mice, the expression levels of βPix increase significantly in nerve segments containing regenerating axons. In regrowing axons, βPix is localized in the peripheral domain of the growth cone. Using βPix neuronal isoform knockout (NIKO) mice in which the neuronal isoforms of βPix are specifically removed, we demonstrate that βPix promotes neurite outgrowth in cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons and in vivo axon regeneration after sciatic nerve crush injury. Activation of cJun and STAT3 in the cell bodies is not affected in βPix NIKO mice, supporting the local action of βPix in regenerating axons. Finally, inhibiting Src, a kinase previously identified as an activator of the βPix neuronal isoform, causes axon outgrowth defects in vitro, like those found in the βPix NIKO neurons. Altogether, these data indicate that βPix plays an important role in axonal regrowth during peripheral nerve regeneration.
Beyond Bali: Strategic Issues for the Post-2012 Climate Change Regime

Defying all odds, governments participating in the global climate negotiations at Bali, Indonesia reached agreement on a roadmap towards a global climate change agreement to be completed by the end of 2009, ready to fill the gap when the commitments under the Kyoto Protocol expire in 2012. The contributions in this book examine some of the most difficult and controversial questions that global climate change negotiators face between now and the emergence of a ‘Copenhagen Protocol’ in 2009, and even beyond. Written by authoritative experts in the field, the various chapters are organised around the four principle elements in the Bali Action Plan – mitigation, adaptation, technology and financing – presented from different country, stakeholder and political perspectives.
A comparative analysis of osteocranium morphology in Lutjanus johnii (Bloch, 1792) and Lutjanus gibbus (Forsskal, 1775) inhabiting different habitats

The snapper species Lutjanus gibbus (L. gibbus) is commonly found in coastal areas characterized by coral reefs and clear water, while Lutjanus johnii (L. johnii) resides in mangrove waters with murky conditions and strong currents. The habitat plays a crucial role in influencing body shape and ossification patterns in fish. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the differences in the cranial bone morphology between the two Lutjanus fish species that resided in contrasting habitats. The fish samples were collected from local fishermen operating in the waters of Pulo Aceh, Aceh Besar, Indonesia. Following capture, the fish were transported and landed at Lampulo Fishing Port in Banda Aceh for further analysis. For each species, a total of 5 fish samples were randomly selected, and thorough cleaning of scales and muscles was performed before the drying of the bones. These dried cranial bones were then photographed, edited, and subjected to detailed analysis. The study showed that, of the 23 observed skull bone characters, 15 characters showed the differences in the cranial bones of the two snapper species, including the pre-ethmoidal, ethmoidal lateralis, prefrontal, supraorbital, nasal, ethmoidal, sphenoticum, crista occipital, lacrimal, inter-opercular, opercular, preopercular premaxilla, endopterygoideum, and hyomandibular. Significant differences were observed in the bones composing the eyes, nose, jaws, and ventral region of the head. In the mangrove snapper (L. johnii), the bones associated with the eyes (orbitospenoidal, supraorbital, and prefrontal) were less developed, while those related to the nose (nasal, ethmoidal, ethmoidal lateralis, pre-ethmoidal) showed well-developed characteristics. The coral snapper L. gibbus displayed a relatively small but thicker premaxilla bone in the jaw region, along with smaller bones in the ventral head area.Keywords:OsteologyMorphologyEcomorphologyOsteocraniumMaxillare
Algorithm for automatic optimizing cross-cut saw based on computer vision techniques

The optimization of timber classification by grades and defect detection plays an important role in the production of timbers. Traditionally, a timber is manually cut by a worker according to his experience. Defect detection and classification of a timber are with great subjectivity. Meanwhile, the action is not safe enough. In this case, an automatic optimizing cross-cut saw to finish these tasks of timber classification by grades and defect detection is built significantly. Related algorithms and detailed procedures for optimizing cross-cut saws are proposed in this paper. Additionally, a vision system is used to capture images of a timber. Captured images are analyzed and processed. First, defects in these images are detected. Then the serviceable part (defect-free) of a timber can be determined. Based on the pretrained network, the timber can be classified. As the homography matrix has been known, the physical position can be confirmed. In our proposed system, the cutting list is transmitted from the industrial control computer to a motion control system, then the timber can be cut according to the cutting list automatically. In this paper, related algorithms and detailed procedures are given. Moreover, a new optimizing cross-cut saw is built. Experiments show that the processing time for each image is about 0.026s and the minimum mean average precision is 94.15%. In this case, it can make the optimizing cross-cut saw efficient, labor-saving and safe. Furthermore, related algorithms are suitable to improve a traditional automatic optimizing cross-cut saw.
New Age Determinations of Lunar Mare Basalts in Mare Cognitum, Mare Nubium, Oceanus Procellarum, and Other Nearside Mare

Introduction Lunar mare basalts cover about 17% of the lunar surface [1]. A significant portion of lunar mare basalts are exposed within Oceanus Procellarum for which absolute radiometric age data are still lacking. Here we present age data that are based on remote sensing techniques, that is, crater counts. We performed new crater size-frequency distribution measurements for spectrally homogeneous basalt units in Mare Cognitum, Mare Nubium, and Oceanus Procellarum. The investigated area was previously mapped by WhitfordStark and Head [2] who, based on morphology and spectral characteristics, defined 21 distinctive basalt types in this part of the lunar nearside. Based on a high-resolution Clementine color ratio composite (e.g., 750-400/750+400 ratio as red, 750/990 ratio as green, and 400/750 ratio as blue), we remapped the distribution of distinctive basalts and found that their map well discriminates the major basalt types. However, based on the new high-resolution color data several of their units can be further subdivided into spectrally different basalt sub-types. The purpose of remapping the basalts in Oceanus Procellarum was to define spectrally homogeneous units for which we assume that they were formed within a short period of time with to a first order homogeneous mineralogy, such as a single eruptive phase. Definition of homogeneous units is one of the crucial prerequisites for reliable age determinations with crater size-frequency distribution measurements. Having defined such units with Clementine images, we transferred the unit boundaries to highresolution Lunar Orbiter IV images in order to measure the crater size-frequency distribution. Clementine images are not well suited for crater counts because of their high sun angle. The technique of crater sizefrequency distribution measurements on spectrally homogeneous regions has been previously applied to basalts in Mare Imbrium, Serenitatis, Tranquillitatis, Humorum, Humboldtianum, Australe and is described in detail by [3].
Dosimetric Evaluation of Radiation Treatment Planning for Simultaneous Integrated Boost Technique Using Monte Carlo Simulation

Monte Carlo (MC) techniques have been recognized as the gold standard for the simulation of radiation transport in radiotherapy. The aim of the study is to perform dosimetric evaluation of Simultaneous Integrated Boost (SIB) radiation treatment planning using MC simulation approach. The geometrical source modeling and simulation of 6 MV Flattening Filter Free (FFF)beam from TrueBeam linear accelerator have been carried out to simulate Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) plans using MC simulation software PRIMO. All the SIB plans have been generated using VMAT techniques for patients with locally advanced postoperative head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma in Eclipse Treatment Planning System (TPS) retrospectively. TPS plans have been compared against their respective MC-simulated plans in PRIMO. The quality assessments of plans have been performed using several dose volume parameters, plan quality indices, and methods of gamma analysis. Dmean, D50%, and D2% received by planning target volume (PTV), PTV60, and PTV52 have been found significantly lower in TPS-generated plans compared to MC-simulated plans. D100%, D98%, and D95% received by PTV60 exhibit good agreement. However, PTV52 shows a significant deviation between TPS and MC plans. The mean organ-at-risk doses have been found significantly lower in TPS plans compared to MC plans. TPS and MC plans have been found in close agreement within gamma acceptance criteria of 3% Dose Difference (DD) and 3 mm Distance to Agreement (DTA). Dose distributions computed using MC simulation techniques are reliable, accurate, and consistent with analytical anisotropic algorithm. Plan quality indices have been found slightly compromised in MC-simulated plans compared with TPS-generated plans appeared to be a true representation of real dose distribution obtained from MC simulation technique. Validation using MC simulation approach provides an independent secondary check for ensuring accuracy of TPS-generated plan.
Natural and Artificial Illumination in Optically Thick Atmospheres

Abstract : In the analysis of target signatures it is essential that the illumination level be defined and determined for a variety of environmental conditions. This report deals primarily with two important sources of illumination, the moon and man-made flares. The illumination due the moon is calculated using an atmospheric-radiative-transfer model which includes multiple scattering by gases and particulates in the atmosphere but does not include absorption due to gases. A variety of atmospheric states is considered, from very clear atmospheres to very hazy. A detailed analysis of fogs was carried out and density profiles were calculated to represent different kinds of fogs. A mathematically exact formula was developed which allows one to calculate the surface illumination due to one or more point sources (flares). Calculations were performed to determine surface illumination in terms of distance from source, source height, height of fog layer, and visibility. Contours were plotted which illustrate the surface illumination for various flare configurations.
SCREENING OF METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AMONG HEALTHCARE WORKERS AND THEIR ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Objective: Colonization of Staphylococcus aureus in the nasal flora has been proven to play an important role in the transmission of infections. Health care workers carrying Staphylococcus aureus in their nose or skin play an important role in cross-contamination and thus result in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) related hospital-acquired or community-acquired infections. Implementation of hand hygiene methods and standard precautions are helpful in reducing transmission and controlling spread. Screening for carriage of MRSA is fundamental step in nosocomial infection control. The present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of MRSA carriage rate and study their antibiogram. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of six months and samples from 185 HCWs working in high-risk areas were processed by standard protocols. As per CLSI guidelines, MRSA detection by disc diffusion method using Cefoxitin disc (30μg) and further determined by Epsilometer test (E-test) by interpreting Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values (mcg/ml). Results: Out of 185 nasal swabs, 53 were Staphylococcus aureus isolates. MRSA colonization is seen in (8.64%) samples. Preponderance was seen in staff nurses (10.16%). Antibiogram of MRSA isolates showed sensitivity to Vancomycin and linezolid. Conclusion: The present study was undertaken to screen nasal carriage of MRSA among healthcare workers, as they pose a potential risk factor for nosocomial transmission leading to MRSA outbreaks. The strengthening of Infection prevention and control measures institutionalization of antimicrobial stewardship programs helps in curbing the spread of MRSA.
Multi-Grained Evidence Inference for Multi-Choice Reading Comprehension

Multi-choice Machine Reading Comprehension (MRC) is a major and challenging task for machines to answer questions according to provided options. Answers in multi-choice MRC cannot be directly extracted in the given passages, and essentially require machines capable of reasoning from accurate extracted evidence. However, the critical evidence may be as simple as just one word or phrase, while it is hidden in the given redundant, noisy passage with multiple linguistic hierarchies from phrase, fragment, sentence until the entire passage. We thus propose a novel general-purpose model enhancement which integrates multi-grained evidence comprehensively, named <bold>Mu</bold><italic>lti-</italic><bold>g</bold><italic>rained</italic> <bold>e</bold><italic>vidence i</italic><bold>n</bold><italic>ferencer (</italic><bold>Mugen</bold><italic>)</italic>, to make up for the inability. <italic>Mugen</italic> extracts three different granularities of evidence: coarse-, middle- and fine-grained evidence, and integrates evidence with the original passages, achieving significant and consistent performance improvement on four multi-choice MRC benchmarks.
Emotion Dysregulation Linked to Depression Symptoms in a Sub-Saharan Sample of Adolescent University Students

Emotions are fundamental to human development and survival across the lifespan. Adolescence is a volatile and critical developmental period characterized by frequent high-intensity positive and negative emotions. Emotion dysregulation and depression symptoms are common occurrences in adolescence. This study explored the association between emotion regulation difficulties and depressive symptoms in adolescents. The study was anchored on the extended process model of emotion regulation. The study employed a descriptive-analytical design and sampled 352 adolescents, ages 18-19, from the United States International University-Africa, Kenya. SPSS® v28 was used to analyze data and apply descriptive and inferential statistics. The study found no gender or ethnic differences in emotion regulation. However, there was a significant association between emotion regulation difficulties and depression, χ2 (3) = 12.133, p = 0.007, V = 0.186, and a positive and significant linear relationship between the variables, r (352) = 0.229, p < 0.001, r2 = 0.052. Notably, the higher the emotion regulation difficulties, the higher the depression levels. The study concluded that emotionally dysregulated adolescent university students are particularly vulnerable to developing psychological symptoms of depression.
Health advocacy and practice: Exploring the influence of social structures on the health related lifestyles of adults in the Asokwa community in Kumasi, Ghana

iii LIST OF MAPS . vii LIST OF DIAGRAMS . viii LIST OF PLATES . viii LIST OF TABLES . viii ABBREVIATIONS . ix CHAPTER ONE: Introduction . 1 1.
An Outline Of Phanerozoic Biogeography

1. Introduction 2. Major factors influencing the distribution of organisms 3. Methods of biogeographic analysis 4. Major temporal changes through the Phanerozoic 5. Early Palaeozoic 6. Late Paleozoic 7. Early Mesozoic 8. Late Mesozoic 9. Palaeogene 10. Neogene Appendix: The Phanerozoic time scale Bibliography Index
Human Resources Practices in the Context of Sustainability: The Forestry Case

This article aims to understand how Human Resources (HR) practices are articulated in the organizational context focused on the insertion and operationalization of sustainability. This is a qualitative research, conducted via case study in a forest operation of a Brazilian company that has sustainability at the core of its business strategy. Direct observation, semi-structured interview, and documentary research were adopted as data collection instruments; the data were analyzed according to thematic analysis of narratives. The results indicate efforts to articulate the organization’s intention to adopt HR practices in the context of sustainability. We also verified that the intertwining of formal HR practices with those situated at the relationship level of groups contributes to the expansion of participation and communication, security culture, and of the generation and sharing of knowledge, enabling a working environment where the value of sustainability is shared, favoring the emergence of the human dimension of sustainability.
Histomorphological Evaluation of Desmoplastic Tumor Stroma in Malignant Ovarian Surface Epithelial Tumors

Background: Ovarian cancer is the 8th most common cancer in women worldwide. Tumor budding is defined as a type of invasive growth in carcinomas with either a single tumor cell or a cluster of up to four cells at the invasive tumor front and is associated with epithelial–mesenchymal transition. A reactive stroma rich in cancer-associated fibroblasts is associated with higher tumor grade and poorer prognosis in breast, colorectal, and oral cancers. Aims and Objectives: The present study was conducted to highlight the prognostic significance of tumor budding and fibrotic cancer stroma in malignant ovarian surface epithelial tumors with known prognostic parameters. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted over a 2-year period, in which all histologically diagnosed cases of malignant ovarian surface epithelial tumors who underwent surgery were included. The fibrotic stroma was classified into three distinct categories – mature, intermediate, and immature. The number of tumor buds was counted at the invasive front of the tumor and graded based on the number of buds – 0–5, 5–9, and ≥10 buds. Results: Among the 50 cases, 32% (16 cases) had mature stroma, whereas 30% (15 cases) and 38% (19 cases) had intermediate and immature stroma, respectively. Although a significant association could not be established between tumor budding and stroma grade, a fair agreement was established between them. A significant association could be established between histological grade with both tumor budding (P = 0.03) and fibrotic stroma grade (P = 0.02). Conclusion: The study highlighted the role of stromal response in malignant surface epithelial tumors of the ovary since a higher-grade tumor was associated with an immature stroma, whereas a lower-grade tumor was associated with a mature stroma.
Editorial: The emotional antecedents and consequences of social rejection

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