Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Subsurface flow from snowmelt traced by tritium

An explanation is offered of the apparent discrepancy between the small velocities of subsurface flow and the watershed response. Environmental tritium in the hydrological cycle provided evidence for a new insight into the runoff mechanism. By this concept the quick reaction of outflow to a massive groundwater recharge is brought to agreement with the long residence time of the infiltrated water.
Indirect method for estimation of the errors in measurements of sky radiance by Sun–sky radiometers of CIMEL type: calibration by molecular scattering

The results of measurements of the aerosol optical thickness (AOT) of the atmosphere by CIMEL Sun–sky radiometers are analysed. In arid zones, days with values of AOT not greater than 0.02 are common. In these cases, the sky radiance in backward hemisphere in the visible wavelength range is practically fully determined by the molecular scattering, which is well studied up to date. This fact opens up possibilities to estimate the errors in measuring sky radiance comparing observed and calculated data, as well as to separate them into random and systematic.
Pancreatic cancer challenge in 52 Asian countries: age-centric insights and the role of modifiable risk factors (1990-2019)

Background Pancreatic cancer is renowned for its elevated incidence and mortality rates on a global scale. The disease burden of pancreatic cancer is anticipated to increase, particularly in Asia, due to its vast and rapidly aging population. Methods Data from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 were analyzed for pancreatic cancer burden across 52 countries in Asia, including the incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) for pancreatic cancer, with a focus on risk factors such as high body mass index (BMI), elevated fasting plasma glucose, and smoking. We applied the Estimated Annual Percentage Change, the Age–Period–Cohort model, and decomposition analysis to evaluate incidence trends and effects. Results From 1990 to 2019, both incidence and mortality rates of pancreatic cancer in Asia significantly increased, with an average annual standardized incidence rate change of 1.73%. Males consistently exhibited higher rates than females, with smoking as a key risk factor. Central Asia reported the highest rates, and South Asia the lowest. The incidence rose with age, peaking in those aged 70~74. The disease burden increased in all age groups, particularly in populations aged 55 and above, representing 84.41% of total cases in 2019, up from 79.01% in 1990. Pancreatic cancer ranked the fifth in incidence among six major gastrointestinal tumors but presented a significant growth rate of mortality and DALY. Conclusion With the growing, aging population in Asia, the pancreatic cancer burden is projected to escalate, bringing a significant public health challenge. Hence, comprehensive public health strategies emphasizing early detection, risk modification, and optimized treatment of pancreatic cancer are imperative.
Structure and properties of the Adriatic crust in the central‐eastern Southern Alps (Italy) from local earthquake tomography

Structure and properties of the Adriatic crust were determined from local earthquake tomography around the Giudicarie fault zone (central‐eastern Southern Alps, Italy). Tomographic results, based on well‐suited 436 revised earthquakes (period 1994–2007), have a resolution comparable to the scale of regional geological domains and tectonic structures. The observed strong velocity anomalies correlate well with lithological variations corresponding to different geological domains (particularly magmatic complexes at depth) and with high fracturing and/or presence of fluids along active fault systems (South Giudicarie and Valsugana–Bassano del Grappa–Montello thrusts).
A Comprehensive Study of Historical Detection Data for Pathogen Isolates from U.S. Cattle

Foodborne pathogens pose substantial health hazards and result in considerable economic losses in the U.S. Fortunately, the National Center for Biotechnology Information Pathogen Detection Isolates Browser (NPDIB) provides valuable access to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and antimicrobial assay data. This study aimed to conduct the first comprehensive investigation of AMR genes in pathogens isolated from U.S. cattle over the past decade, driven by the urgent need to address the dangers of AMR specifically originating in pathogens isolated from U.S. cattle. In this study, around 28,000 pathogen isolate samples were extracted from the NPDIB and then analyzed using multivariate statistical methods, mainly principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering (H-clustering). These approaches were necessary due to the high dimensions of the raw data. Specifically, PCA was utilized to reduce the dimensions of the data, converting it to a two-dimensional space, and H-clustering was used to better identify the differences among data points. The findings from this work highlighted Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli as the predominant pathogens among the isolates, with E. coli being the more concerning pathogen due to its increasing prevalence in recent years. Moreover, tetracycline was observed as the most commonly resistant antimicrobial, with the resistance genes mdsA, mdsB, mdtM, blaEC, and acrF being the most prevalent in pathogen isolates from U.S. cattle. The occurrence of mdtM, blaEC, acrF, and glpT_E448k showed an increase in pathogens isolated from U.S. cattle in recent years. Furthermore, based on the data collected for the locations of AMR cases, Texas, California, and Nebraska were the major areas carrying major AMR genes or antimicrobials with detected resistance. The results from this study provide potential directions for targeted interventions to mitigate pathogens’ antimicrobial resistance in U.S. cattle.
Venus: Limited extension and volcanism along zones of lithospheric weakness

Three global-scale zones of possible tectonic origin are described as occurring along broad, low rises within the Equatorial Highlands on Venus (lat 50 deg N to 50 deg S, long 60 deg to 310 deg). The two longest of these tectonic zones, the Aphrodite-Beta and Themis-Atla zones, extend for 21,000 and 14,000 km, respectively. Several lines of evidence indicate that Beta and Atla Regiones, located at the only two intersections of the three major tectonic zones, are dynamically supported volcanic terranes associated with currently active volcanism. Rift valleys south of Aphrodite Terra and between Beta and Phoebe Regiones are characterized by 75- to 100-km widths, raised rims, and extensions of only a few tens of kilometers, about the same magnitudes as in continental rifts on the earth. Horizontal extension on Venus was probably restricted by an early choking-off of plate motion by high crustal and upper-mantle temperatures, and the subsequent loss of water and an asthenosphere.
Large multidecadal salinity trends near the Pacific-Antarctic Continental margin.

Abstract Ocean temperature and salinity measurements on and near the Antarctic continental shelf in the southwest Pacific sector are evaluated for evidence of temporal change. Shelf water in the southwest Ross Sea has declined in salinity by 0.03 decade−1 from 1958 to 2008, while its temperatures have increased in proportion to the influence of salinity on the sea surface freezing point. Modified deep-water intrusions that reach the central Ross Ice Shelf have freshened at a similar rate and cooled by ∼0.5°C since the late 1970s. Salinity has decreased by 0.08 decade−1 in the westward coastal and slope front currents, consistent with increased melting of continental ice upstream in the Amundsen Sea. Overturning of those near-surface waters during winter sea ice formation and mixing across the slope front is sufficient to account for the 5-decade shelf water salinity change. A strong correlation between the freshening and change in the southern annular mode index suggests a link with the large-scale atmosp.
Biodegradation of Choline NTF2 by Pantoea agglomerans in Different Osmolarity. Characterization and Environmental Implications of the Produced Exopolysaccharide

A specific microorganism, Pantoea agglomerans uam8, was isolated from the ionic liquid (IL) Choline NTF2 and identified by molecular biology. A biodegradation study was performed at osmolarity conditions (0.2, 0.6, 1.0 M). These had an important influence on the growth of the strain, exopolysaccharide (EPS) production, and biodegradation (1303 mg/L max production and 80% biodegradation at 0.6 M). These conditions also had an important influence on the morphology of the strain and its EPSs, but not in the chemical composition. The EPS (glucose, mannose and galactose (6:0.5:2)) produced at 0.6 M was further characterized using different techniques. The obtained EPSs presented important differences in the behavior of the emulsifying activity for vegetable oils (olive (86%), sunflower (56%) and coconut (90%)) and hydrocarbons (diesel (62%), hexane (60%)), and were compared with commercial emulsifiers. The EPS produced at 0.6 M had the highest emulsifying activity overall. This EPS did not show cytotoxicity against the tested cell line (<20%) and presented great advantages as an antioxidant (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radical (DPPH) (85%), hydroxyl radical (OH) (99%), superoxide anion (O2−) (94%), chelator (54%), and antimicrobial product (15 mm). The osmolarity conditions directly affected the capacity of the strain to biodegrade IL and the subsequently produced EPS. Furthermore, the EPS produced at 0.6 M has potential for environmental applications, such as the removal of hazardous materials by emulsification, whilst resulting in positive health effects such as antioxidant activity and non-toxicity.
Keputusan investasi saham di Indonesia: Pendekatan teori planned behaviour

This research aims to examine the influence of financial literacy, risk perception, and risk tolerance on investment decisions among stock investors in the Jabodetabek region. Stock investors are faced with a complex and high-risk capital market environment, so adequate financial knowledge, accurate risk perception, and appropriate risk tolerance can be important factors in making intelligent investment decisions. This study employs a quantitative approach, using primary data collected through questionnaires distributed to stock investors in the Jabodetabek region. The research sample consists of 515 randomly selected respondents. The collected data is analyzed using multiple linear regression to test the research hypotheses. The results of the study show that financial literacy has a significant positive influence on investment decisions among stock investors in Jabodetabek. This means that individuals with higher levels of financial literacy are more likely to make intelligent investment decisions. Additionally, risk perception also has a significant influence on investment decisions. Investors with accurate risk perceptions tend to be more cautious in making investment decisions. Furthermore, risk tolerance was not found to have a significant influence on investment decisions among stock investors in Jabodetabek. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh financial literacy (literasi keuangan), persepsi risiko, dan toleransi risiko terhadap keputusan investasi pada investor saham di wilayah Jabodetabek. Investor saham dihadapkan pada lingkungan pasar modal yang kompleks dan berisiko tinggi, sehingga pengetahuan keuangan yang memadai, persepsi yang akurat tentang risiko, dan tingkat toleransi risiko yang tepat dapat menjadi faktor penting dalam pengambilan keputusan investasi yang cerdas. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan menggunakan data primer yang dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner yang disebar kepada investor saham di wilayah Jabodetabek. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 515 responden yang dipilih secara acak. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis menggunakan metode regresi linier berganda untuk menguji hipotesis penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa financial literacy berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap keputusan investasi investor saham di Jabodetabek. Artinya, semakin tinggi tingkat literasi keuangan seseorang, semakin besar kemungkinannya untuk membuat keputusan investasi yang cerdas. Selain itu, persepsi risiko juga berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan investasi. Investor yang memiliki persepsi risiko yang akurat cenderung lebih hati-hati dalam mengambil keputusan investasi. Selanjutnya, toleransi risiko tidak ditemukan memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan investasi pada investor saham di Jabodetabek.
Argo profiling floats document Subantarctic Mode Water formation west of Drake Passage

Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW), the precursor of Antarctic Intermediate Water, which occupies the 600 to 1100 m layer of the water column in the oceans of the southern hemisphere, is formed in the southern oceans north of the Polar Frontal Zone (56°–60°S), where saltier upper deep water is upwelled close to the surface. The surface layer there, in contrast, is determined by fresher water which occupies about the upper 100 m of the water column during austral summer. Surface cooling during austral winter initiate vertical convection which supposedly homogenizes several hundreds of meters of the upper water column, hereby transforming saltier upper deep water to lighter SAMW by incorporating fresh Subantarctic Surface Water. Here we show the formation process of SAMW west of Drake Passage as documented by autonomous profiling floats. Vertical convection exceeds 500 m during September and October but only south of 56°S.
RVIO: An Effective Localization Algorithm for Range-Aided Visual-Inertial Odometry System

This paper presents an efficient and accurate range-aided visual-inertial odometry (RVIO) system for the global positioning system denied environment. In particular, the ultra-wideband (UWB) measurements are integrated to reduce the long-term drift of the visual-inertial odometry (VIO) system. Our approach starts with a filter-based scheme to localize the unknown UWB anchor in the local world frame. In particular, a novel surface-based particle filter is proposed to localize the UWB anchors efficiently. When the initialization is complete, the UWB location information is utilized to support the subsequent long-term robot positioning. An observability-constrained optimization approach is developed to combine the visual, inertial, and UWB range measurements. Such a framework takes advantage of both VIO and UWB measurements and is feasible even when the number of observed UWB anchors is below four. Experiments on both simulated and real-world scenes demonstrate the validity and superiority of the proposed system.
Prevalence of Erectile Dysfunction and its Associated Factors among Men in Government Health Clinics in Kuantan, Pahang

INTRODUCTION: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a significant issue that should not be ignored in the clinical setting and can negatively affect the quality of life of patients and their partners. This study aims to determine the prevalence of ED and its associated factors among men who visited 12 government health clinics in Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between July and October 2021, 300 males aged 18 to 60 participated in this cross-sectional study at 12 government health clinics in Kuantan. Information on demographic data, medical history, and lifestyle of the participants was obtained through a self-administered questionnaire that included a validated Malay version of the 21 item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS 21) and the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5). RESULTS: The overall prevalence of self-reported ED was 69.3%. In terms of severity, 45.7% had mild, 20.7% mild-to-moderate, 2.3% moderate, and 1% severe ED. Multivariate analysis showed that ED associated with diabetes (OR 2.97, 95% CI 1.13–7.79); anxiety (OR 2.85, 95% CI 1.06 – 7.67) and household income (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.18–0.95). CONCLUSION: ED was high in our study population. Diabetes mellitus, anxiety and household income were significantly associated with ED.
Transport of water through the tropical tropopause

Total water was measured in the high troposphere and low stratosphere over Panama during ten aircraft flights. The results show that convective storms provide the means of transporting water into the stratosphere. From a consideration of the anvil heights over different areas of the tropical zone, it follows that a negative gradient of water vapor mixing ratio with altitude must exist over most of the lower stratosphere.
On the influence of climatic factors on the ratio between the cosmogenic isotope 14C and total carbon in the atmosphere in the past

Radiocarbon 14C is a cosmogenic isotope, which is most extensively used by scientists from a wide variety of fields. Its rate of generation in the atmosphere depends on solar modulation and thus, studying 14C concentration in natural archives, one can reconstruct solar activity level in the past. The paper shows results of box-model calculations of generation of the 14C isotope in the atmosphere and its relative abundance during the time interval 1389–1800 AD, taking into account influence of changing climate. This interval includes the deep minimum of solar activity and period of significant change in atmospheric concentration of CO2 and global temperature. The performed analysis showed that concentration of 14C in the atmosphere reflects not only variations of the galactic cosmic rays intensity but as well changes of temperature and atmospheric CO2 concentration. It is shown that the decrease in CO2 concentration in the atmosphere during 1550–1600 can be connected with absorption of CO2 by the ocean surface layer. Thus, taking into account the climatic changes is an important condition for the reconstruction of solar activity in the past using data based on cosmogenic isotopes.
A Study on Physical Parameters of Local Land‐Surface Processes on the Gobi in Northwest China

By utilizing the observational data of land-surface process obtained during the period from Aug, 2000 to Sep, 2001 from the “Experiment on Land-Atmosphere Interaction over Arid Region in Northwestern China”, we analyze the relationship between surface albedo over the Gobi in the Dunhuang region and solar altitude angles and soil moisture as well as the relationship between soil heat conductivity and soil moisture. Preliminarily we propose a multiple factorial parameterization equation of surface albedo and soil thermal conductivity based on long-term experiments. By comparison with observed values, it is found that the parameterization equation fitted by using observational data can reflect the dynamic changes induced by some climatic factors such as precipitation well.
Wavefront division quantum interferometry

We investigate the use of a spatially distributed beam of entangled photons for applications of wavefront division interferometry. Using a fiber-based spontaneous parametric down conversion process, which redirect the signal and idler into a common single-mode fiber, we generate a Gaussian beam of colinear entangled photons randomly distributed in space. Coincidence measurements carried by wavefront division demonstrate quantum interference patterns, including classical single photon fringes, two-photon interferences and the Hong-Ou-Mandel effect. Our results are relevant for detecting transverse variations in the statistical properties of weak turbulence.
Understanding the Factors Contributing to Suicide Among the Geriatric Population: A Narrative Review

A critical health concern for older adults is suicide, particularly for those above the age of 60 years. Despite this, research on suicide in this age group is relatively scarce compared to studies on younger populations. This article is intended to summarize the existing literature on etiological/risk factors, including problems with one's physical and mental health, social isolation, money, and life changes like retirement and the death of a spouse and methods for preventing suicide specific to the geriatric population. We conducted a comprehensive literature search to identify the original reports and reviewed publications through various databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, and the CDC. We gathered information on Google from reputable sources such as the WHO and the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB). Our review found that the risk factor of suicide in the geriatric population includes physical illness, familial issues, financial issues, and hopelessness. The suicide rate for older adults declined, dropping from 16.17 per 100,000 individuals to 14.25 per 100,000 individuals aged 50 to 69 years and from 27.45 per 100,000 individuals to 24.53 per 100,000 individuals for those over 70 years. A more significant proportion of elderly suicide attempters come from rural than urban locations. Young individuals have better professional opportunities in urban areas, but older people are dispersed to underdeveloped or rural areas, where they are more likely to experience social isolation. By systematically identifying these risk factors, we can develop prevention and intervention strategies to decrease the suicide rates among the geriatric population.
Algorithm for solar radiation on mountain slopes

A generalized algorithm provides the daily total of potential solar radiation on any sloping surface at any latitude. The algorithm can be coded as subroutines of a computer model that requires solar radiation as a variable. The required inputs are Julian dates and the latitude, inclination, and aspect of the slope. In addition to computing potential solar radiation, the routine provides estimates of actual radiation on any slope on the basis of measured solar radiation for a nearby horizontal surface that has the same cloud cover.
HYDRODYNAMIC LIMIT FOR AN ACTIVE EXCLUSION PROCESS

– Collective dynamics can be observed among many animal species, and have given rise in the last decades to an active and interdisciplinary field of study. Such behaviors are often modeled by active matter, in which each individual is self-driven and tends to update its velocity depending on the one of its neighbors. In a classical model introduced by Vicsek & al., as well as in numerous related active matter models, a phase transition between chaotic behavior at high temperature and global order at low temperature can be observed. Even though ample evidence of these phase transitions has been obtained for collective dynamics, from a mathematical standpoint, such active systems are not fully understood yet. Significant progress has been achieved in the recent years under an assumption of mean-field interactions, however to this day, few rigorous results have been obtained for models involving purely local interactions. In this paper, as a first step towards the mathematical understanding of active microscopic dynamics, we describe a lattice active particle system, in which particles interact locally to align their velocities. We obtain rigorously, using the formalism developed for hydrodynamic limits of lattice gases, the scaling limit of this out-ofequilibrium system. This article builds on the multi-type exclusion model introduced by Quastel [35] by detailing his proof and incorporating several generalizations, adding significant technical and phenomenological difficulties. Résumé (Limite hydrodynamique pour un processus d’exclusion actif) L’étude des dynamiques collectives, observables chez de nombreuses espèces animales, a motivé dans les dernières décennies un champ de recherche actif et transdisciplinaire. De tels comportements sont souvent modélisés par de la matière active, c’est-à-dire par des modèles dans lesquels chaque individu est caractérisé par une vitesse propre qui tend à s’ajuster selon celle de ses voisins. De nombreux modèles de matière active sont liés à un modèle fondateur proposé en 1995 par Vicsek & al. Ce dernier, ainsi que de nombreux modèles proches, présentent une transition de phase entre un comportement chaotique à haute température, et un © Mémoires de la Société Mathématique de France 169, SMF 2021