Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Backtracking and Commutative Algorithms for the LLL

Following the groundbreaking works of Moser and Tardos~\cite{M,MT} that made the Lov\'asz Local Lemma (LLL) constructive, a series of works have exploited key ideas of their analysis to come up with a plethora of results. A first line of works employs the entropy compression method to analyze stochastic search algorithm similar to the Moser-Tardos algorithm but without explicitly referring to a specific version of the LLL. Such an example is a class of backtracking algorithms for Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs) introduced by Grytczuk, Kozik and Micek~\cite{djm}, and later approached more systematically by the work of Esperet and Parraeu~\cite{ac}, which have found applications in a wide variety of problems. A different series of works exploit a key ingredient of the original analysis of Moser and Tardos, the witness tree lemma, in order to: derive deterministic and parallel algorithms for the LLL, to estimate the entropy of the output distribution, to partially avoid bad events and to deal with super-polynomially many bad events. Unfortunately, these results do not extend to the most general algorithmic LLL frameworks~\cite{AI,HV}. Mainly, this is because the witness tree lemma, provably, no longer holds. Our first contribution is to extend the framework of Achlioptas and Iliopoulos~\cite{AI} and provide a Local Lemma criterion that can capture every application of backtracking algorithms we are aware of and more. Our second contribution is to show that for commutative algorithms, a class recently introduced by Kolmogorov, the witness tree lemma holds. Armed with this fact, we extend the main result of Haeupler, Saha, and Srinivasan~\cite{HSS} to commutative algorithms, establishing that the output of such algorithms well-approximates the LLL-distribution. Moreover, we define a class of commutative backtracking algorithms and show that we can get similar results.
Type Synthesis Of Planar Linkage Mechanisms With Rotoidal And Prismatic Joints.

We present a method to enumerate and codify the solutions of type synthesis of linkage mechanisms with rotoidal and prismatic joints. The essence of mechanism synthesis is to find the mechanism for a given motion. Type Synthesis is the first stage of conceptual design of mechanisms, where the number, type and connectivity of links and joints are determined. It is followed by the Dimensional Synthesis stage, where the link lengths and pivot positions are computed to fulfill a given kinematic task. The latter and the subsequent stages of detailing design are very costly. Therefore, the aim is to propose all “non-isomorphic topologies” without repetitions satisfying structural requirements. We use an enumeration of one-degree of freedom topologies developed by Tsai to form an Atlas of kinematic chains. We have developed a method based on the construction of an “initial graph” taking into account prescribed parts (such as fixations, bodies to move, joints, and their interconnections) and the kinematic constraints imposed on them. Then, we use this graph as a pattern to search inside the atlas. This search also involves an isomorphism detection between subgraphs occurrences inside a kinematic chain of the atlas. We develop a classification of the occurrences by the Degree Code of the edge-induced subgraph produced by the pattern edges. After selection of a non-isomorphic topology, there follows a step of specialization where joint types are assigned. We also developed a method to enumerate all possibilities of joint assignments in a non-isomorphic way for a maximum number of prismatic joints given by the user. The method is illustrated with examples for typical aeronautical test problems. The program was written in C++ language under the OOFELIE environment.
Micro and nano dual-scale structures fabricated by amplitude modulation in multi-beam laser interference lithography

In this work, an effective method was presented to obtain a specific micro and nano dual-structures by amplitude modulation in multi-beam laser interference lithography (LIL). Moire effect was applied to generate the amplitude modulation. The specific intensity modulation patterns can be obtained by the control of the parameter settings of incident laser beams. Both the incident angle and azimuth angle asymmetric configurations can cause the amplitude modulation in the interference optic field and the modulation period is determined by the angle offset. A four-beam LIL system was set up to fabricate patterns on photoresist and verify the method. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical analysis.
The Role of Immature Granulocyte in Patients with Complex Appendicitis

Objective: The most frequent cause of emergency abdominal surgeries is acute appendicitis (AA). Biomarkers are utilized by clinicians to aid in predicting acute or perforated appendicitis, which may influence treatment decisions. This study aims to examine the potential of immature granulocyte (IG), a robust marker of inflammatory response, in anticipating the occurrence of complications in patients with AA. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study covering 1 year was performed with patients who were operated on by general surgery with a preliminary diagnosis of AA. The study was conducted with a total of 470 patients, 303 of whom were uncomplicated and 167 were complicated, whose diagnosis was confirmed by pathology reports and met the inclusion criteria. White blood cell (WBC), C-reactive protein, neutrophil, platelet, red cell distribution width, IG numbers, and percentages of the patients were recorded in the study form. Results: Arean under the curve values of WBC, neutrophil, and IG numbers were 0.590, 0.588, and 0.559, respectively, and we found that they were statistically significant. Each unit increase in the number of IG increases the probability of complication in appendicitis cases approximately 3333 times. Conclusion: In this study, we have demonstrated that the probability of having a complicated appendicitis (CA) is higher in AA patients with higher IG levels when distinguishing between complicated and in CA. Together with physical examination, imaging studies, and other laboratory tests, IG values can assist clinicians in identifying high-risk AA patients in the emergency department.
Perfusion-weighted software written in Python for DSC-MRI analysis

Introduction Dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced (DSC) perfusion studies in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide valuable data for studying vascular cerebral pathophysiology in different rodent models of brain diseases (stroke, tumor grading, and neurodegenerative models). The extraction of these hemodynamic parameters via DSC-MRI is based on tracer kinetic modeling, which can be solved using deconvolution-based methods, among others. Most of the post-processing software used in preclinical studies is home-built and custom-designed. Its use being, in most cases, limited to the institution responsible for the development. In this study, we designed a tool that performs the hemodynamic quantification process quickly and in a reliable way for research purposes. Methods The DSC-MRI quantification tool, developed as a Python project, performs the basic mathematical steps to generate the parametric maps: cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), mean transit time (MTT), signal recovery (SR), and percentage signal recovery (PSR). For the validation process, a data set composed of MRI rat brain scans was evaluated: i) healthy animals, ii) temporal blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, iii) cerebral chronic hypoperfusion (CCH), iv) ischemic stroke, and v) glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) models. The resulting perfusion parameters were then compared with data retrieved from the literature. Results A total of 30 animals were evaluated with our DSC-MRI quantification tool. In all the models, the hemodynamic parameters reported from the literature are reproduced and they are in the same range as our results. The Bland–Altman plot used to describe the agreement between our perfusion quantitative analyses and literature data regarding healthy rats, stroke, and GBM models, determined that the agreement for CBV and MTT is higher than for CBF. Conclusion An open-source, Python-based DSC post-processing software package that performs key quantitative perfusion parameters has been developed. Regarding the different animal models used, the results obtained are consistent and in good agreement with the physiological patterns and values reported in the literature. Our development has been built in a modular framework to allow code customization or the addition of alternative algorithms not yet implemented.
Prevalence, Identification and Antibiotic Resistance of Gallibacterium anatis Isolates from Chickens in Poland

The Gram-negative bacterium Gallibacterium anatis is part of the normal avian respiratory, intestinal and reproductive tract microflora and can be transmitted horizontally and vertically. With the coexistence of other relevant factors, G. anatis becomes an opportunistic pathogen, economically damaging to the poultry industry. This bacterium’s prevalence and molecular epidemiology were investigated, and the antimicrobial treatment options for G. anatis infection in chicken flocks in Poland were assessed. Tracheal samples from 182 flocks were collected between April 2022 and March 2023. The bacterial prevalence was determined by PCR targeting the gyrB gene and 16–23S rRNA. Gallibacterium anatis was identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) after culturing and PCR amplification. Isolates’ susceptibility to 11 antimicrobials was assessed with a disc diffusion test. Isolates were also tested for gyrB, GtxA and flfA virulence genes and blaROB, aphA, tetB and tetH antibiotic resistance genes by PCR. Forty-one flocks (22.5%) were positive through PCR. Antibiotic resistance was most frequently observed against tilmicosin, tylosin, enrofloxacin, amoxicillin, tetracycline and doxycycline. Multiple resistance to at least eight antibiotics occurred in 20% of isolates and to at least four in 100%. The occurrence of gyrB was noted in 100%, GtxA was detected in 89%, and flfA was found in 14% of positive samples. The tetB gene was present in 61.0% of positive samples, tetH was in 36.0%, aphA was in 16.7%, and blaROB was in 5.6%. Significant differences were found in G. anatis isolates related to the presence of the virulence genes GtxA and gyrB and the presence of resistance genes (p < 0.05) associated with resistance to tetracyclines, β-lactams and aminoglycosides. The continued rise in the resistance of G. anatis to a broadening range of antibiotics is a major problem for the poultry industry worldwide, as well as for public health. The findings of this study may expand the knowledge of the pathogenicity of G. anatis in poultry.
Alterations in static and dynamic regional homogeneity in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with and without initial precipitating injury

Objectives Initial precipitating injury (IPI) such as febrile convulsion and intracranial infection will increase the susceptibility to epilepsy. It is still unknown if the functional deficits differ between mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with IPI (mTLE-IPI) and without IPI (mTLE-NO). Methods We recruited 25 mTLE-IPI patients, 35 mTLE-NO patients and 33 healthy controls (HC). Static regional homogeneity (sReHo) and dynamic regional homogeneity (dReHo) were then adopted to estimate the alterations of local neuronal activity. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the differences between the three groups in sReHo and dReHo. Then the results were utilized as masks for further between-group comparisons. Besides, correlation analyses were carried out to detect the potential relationships between abnormal regional homogeneity indicators and clinical characteristics. Results When compared with HC, the bilateral thalamus and the visual cortex in mTLE-IPI patients showed an increase in both sReHo and variability of dReHo. Besides, mTLE-IPI patients exhibited decreased sReHo in the right cerebellum crus1/crus2, inferior parietal lobule and temporal neocortex. mTLE-NO patients showed decreased sReHo and variability of dReHo in the bilateral temporal neocortex compared with HC. Increased sReHo and variability of dReHo were found in the bilateral visual cortex when mTLE-IPI patients was compared with mTLE-NO patients, as well as increased variability of dReHo in the left thalamus and decreased sReHo in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Additionally, we discovered a negative correlation between the national hospital seizure severity scale testing score and sReHo in the right cerebellum crus1 in mTLE-IPI patients. Conclusion According to the aforementioned findings, both mTLE-IPI and mTLE-NO patients had significant anomalies in local neuronal activity, although the functional deficits were much severer in mTLE-IPI patients. The use of sReHo and dReHo may provide a novel insight into the impact of the presence of IPI on the development of mTLE.
The Aqueous Stem Bark Extract of Alstonia boonei Exhibits Anticataract Activity in Sprague Dawley Rat

In Africa, Alstonia boonei is used folklorically for the management of the multitude of conditions including cataract, which accounts for 50% of cases of blindness in the region. The current study set out to probe the traditional use of the aqueous extract of Alstonia boonei stem bark (ABE) as an anticataract remedy using Sprague Dawley rat models. We investigated the probable phytochemical constituents in the extract, in vitro antioxidant potential, and its in vitro aldose reductase inhibition. For the anticataract investigations, diabetic cataract was induced using galactose in 3-week-old Sprague Dawley rats, and age-related cataract was induced by the administration of sodium selenite to 10-day-old rat pups. Cataract scores in both models were determined after treatment with 30, 100, and 300 mgkg−1 doses of ABE and 10 mlkg−1 of distilled water. Lens glutathione, total lens protein, soluble lens proteins (alpha-A) crystallin, and aquaporin 0 levels in the enucleated lens homogenates were determined. Changes in lens to body weight were also determined with histopathological analysis done on the lenses in the selenite-induced cataract model. The presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, and triterpenoids was identified in the extract. The extract inhibited aldose reductase activity with IC50 of 92.30 μgml−1. The 30, 100, and 300 mgkg−1ABE-treated rats recorded significantly (p < 0.05) reduced cataract scores indicating a delay in cataractogenesis in galactose-induced cataract and in selenite-induced cataractogenesis as well. Markers of lens transparency such as AQP0, alpha-A crystallin, and total lens proteins and lens glutathione levels were significantly (p < 0.05) preserved. In conclusion, this study establishes the anticataract potential of the aqueous stem bark extract of Alstonia boonei in Sprague Dawley rat models.
An Overview of Algorithms for Contactless Cardiac Feature Extraction From Radar Signals: Advances and Challenges

Contactless cardiac monitoring has vast potential to replace contact-based monitoring in various future scenarios, such as smart home and in-cabin monitoring. Various contactless sensors can be potentially implemented for cardiac monitoring, such as cameras, acoustic sensors, Wi-Fi routers, and radars. Among all these sensors, radar could achieve unobtrusive monitoring with high accuracy and robustness at the same time. The research on radar-based cardiac monitoring can be generally divided into the radar architecture design and signal-processing parts, where the former has been thoroughly reviewed in the literature but not the latter. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review article that focuses on elaborating on the algorithms for extracting cardiac features from the received radar signal. In addition, a new taxonomy is proposed to reveal the core feature of each algorithm, with the pros and cons evaluated in detail. Furthermore, the public datasets containing the received radar signal and ground-truth cardiac feature signal are listed with detailed configurations, and the corresponding evaluations may help the researchers select the suitable dataset. At last, several unsolved challenges and future directions are suggested and discussed in detail to encourage future research on solving the main obstacles in this field. In summary, this review can be served as a guide for researchers and practitioners to quickly understand the research trend and recent development of the cardiac feature extraction algorithms, and it is worth further investigating the relative area based on the proposed challenges and future directions.
Pedestrian Detection based on Gaussian Mixture Model
Multiresolution CoHOG

Recently, Co-occurrence histograms of oriented gradients (CoHOG) describes image features to calculate the co-occurrence of pixels allocated at the local level and has attracted attention as an effective object detection method. However, this method has some problems. For feature descriptions that focus on individual pixels, calculation cost and the number of dimensions tend to increase exponentially with respect to the number of pixels. Multiresolution CoHOG (MRCoHOG) can suppress such exponential increases to linear increase without reducing the classification accuracy. This paper proposes a procedure in which a feature plane is divided using a Gaussian mixture model and a histogram is automatically divided to establish a less costly method for performing MRCoHOG. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed procedure is more effective than conventional procedures.
Parental Approval, Active Mediation, and Adolescent Online Social Behavior: Differences by Parent-Child Gender Pairs

Abstract:Adolescents across the globe spend a significant amount of time engaging in online social behavior (OSB). Parents play an important role in influencing adolescent online behavior, however, there is limited understanding about what influences parent's management of their children's online behavior. The current study was designed to examine the complex associations between parents' attitudes about OSB, active parental mediation of adolescent's online behavior, and adolescent OSB using a diverse U.S. sample. Further, whether these associations are moderated by parent-child gender was examined. Results add insight into how, and under what circumstances fathers and mothers differentially monitor their adolescents' online behavior and what that means for adolescents' actual online behavior. Results also provide a preliminary understanding of the role parents' approval of OSB plays in adolescent OSB and how this association is moderated by parent-child gender. This research helps lay the groundwork for developing strategies targeted toward shaping and/or changing parents' attitudes about their sons' and daughters' OSB in ways that support mediation strategies and responsible adolescent OSB. Résumé:Les adolescents du monde entier passent beaucoup de temps à adopter un comportement social en ligne (CSEL). Le rôle des parents est important puisque ceux-ci exercent une influence sur le comportement en ligne des adolescents, toutefois nous avons une compréhension limitée de ce qui influence la gestion par les parents du comportement en ligne de leurs enfants. La présente étude vise à examiner les associations complexes entre les attitudes des parents à l'égard du CSEL, la médiation parentale active du comportement en ligne de l'adolescent et le CSEL adolescent à l'aide d'un échantillon américain diversifié. La question de savoir si ces associations sont modérées par le genre du parent et de l'enfant a elle aussi été examinée. Les résultats permettent de mieux comprendre comment et dans quelles circonstances les pères et les mères surveillent différemment le comportement en ligne de leurs adolescents et ce que cela signifie pour le comportement en ligne réel des adolescents. Les résultats fournissent également une compréhension préliminaire du rôle que joue l'approbation du CSEL par les parents chez les adolescents et comment cette association est modérée par le genre du parent et de l'enfant. Cette étude contribue à établir une base pour l'élaboration de stratégies visant à façonner et/ou à changer les attitudes des parents à l'égard du CSEL de leurs fils et filles et ainsi soutenir les stratégies de médiation ainsi qu'un CSEL responsable chez les adolescents.
Bilirubin and Redox Stress in Age-Related Brain Diseases

Cellular redox status has a crucial role in brain physiology, as well as in pathologic conditions. Physiologic senescence, by dysregulating cellular redox homeostasis and decreasing antioxidant defenses, enhances the central nervous system’s susceptibility to diseases. The reduction of free radical accumulation through lifestyle changes, and the supplementation of antioxidants as a prophylactic and therapeutic approach to increase brain health, are strongly suggested. Bilirubin is a powerful endogenous antioxidant, with more and more recognized roles as a biomarker of disease resistance, a predictor of all-cause mortality, and a molecule that may promote health in adults. The alteration of the expression and activity of the enzymes involved in bilirubin production, as well as an altered blood bilirubin level, are often reported in neurologic conditions and neurodegenerative diseases (together denoted NCDs) in aging. These changes may predict or contribute both positively and negatively to the diseases. Understanding the role of bilirubin in the onset and progression of NCDs will be functional to consider the benefits vs. the drawbacks and to hypothesize the best strategies for its manipulation for therapeutic purposes.
Juvenile Ovarian Granulosa Cell Tumor - A Case Report

The granulosa cell tumor is an unusual ovarian tumor, even more so in pediatric age. The literature indicates that the prevalence and the incidence is more higher in patients after the fifth decade of the life with a frequency of 3.4 % of all ovarian malignancies, since most of them correspond to the benign pathologies. The tumor produces symptoms derived from the secretion of the estradiol. The granulosa cell tumor has been described as better prognosis, less aggressive than other ovarian neoplasms and the natural history was longer. Surgery is the main diagnostic, staging and therapeutic approach. The adjuvant chemotherapy is recommended only in the early stages with risk factors or in the advanced stages, as it can improve disease-free and relapse-free survival rates, such as radiation therapy. So far, the most commonly used regimens are bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin, with a high reaction rate. Whenever possible, surgical rescue is proposed.
Stress analysis in high-temperature superconductors under pulsed field magnetization

Bulk high-temperature superconductors (HTSs) have a high critical current density and can trap a large magnetic field. When bulk superconductors are magnetized by the pulsed field magnetization (PFM) technique, they are also subjected to a large electromagnetic stress, and the resulting thermal stress may cause cracking of the superconductor due to the brittle nature of the sample. In this paper, based on the H-formulation and the law of heat transfer, we can obtain the distributions of electromagnetic field and temperature, which are in qualitative agreement with experiment. After that, based on the dynamic equilibrium equations, the mechanical response of the bulk superconductor is determined. During the PFM process, the change in temperature has a dramatic effect on the radial and hoop stresses, and the maximum radial and hoop stress are 24.2 MPa and 22.6 MPa , respectively. The mechanical responses of a superconductor for different cases are also studied, such as the peak value of the applied field and the size of bulk superconductors. Finally, the stresses are also presented for different magnetization methods.