Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A REVIEW OF "APPREHENDING AND PROSECUTING THE DRUNK DRIVER"

This is a review of the book "Apprehending and Prosecuting the Drunk Driver" by Harvey M. Cohen and Joseph B. Green (New York: Matthew Bender & Co., Inc., 1992, 2nd release update available July 1994). The book is a comprehensive drunk driving manual for prosecutors and police. From the arresting officer's first observations of the drunk driver weaving in the road to the closing argument made by the prosecution in the drunk driving trial, this book covers the full range of issues that arise in drunk driving cases. The book is a long-needed synthesis of the scientific and legal resources needed to successfully prosecute the drunk driver. Its well-organized chapters make it easy for police and prosecutors to access material necessary to resolve legal or scientific issues in drunk driving cases. The book also has an extensive index and table of cases allowing ready access to the over 200 pages of information set forth in the publication. This review highly recommends this publication.
Trip generation data collection in urban areas.

There is currently limited data on urban, multimodal trip generation at the individual site level. This lack of data limits the ability of transportation agencies to assess development impacts on the transportation system in urban and multimodal contexts. This project sought to begin addressing this gap by developing and testing a protocol for collecting trip generation by mode at the site level. The report provides a comprehensive review of previous research and develops and defines a data collection protocol for site and context data. The report documents the results of a pilot data collection that tests the protocol. The results of the pilot data collection are compared to the predicted impacts based on the industry standard, the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) Trip Generation Manual, and to six alternative methods, all of which pivot from ITE’s data. None of the existing methods reliably predict the field data. The report identifies next steps for the District Department of Transportation (DDOT) and other agencies to take to improve multimodal trip generation estimation. To that end, a field-guide for future data collection, based on this pilot, is included as an appendix.
Integrated Asphalt (Overlay) Mixture Design, Balancing Rutting and Cracking Requirements

The focus of this project is to develop an integrated hot-mix asphalt (HMA) mixture design method which balances both rutting and cracking requirements. The Hamburg Wheel Tracking Test (HWTT) and Overlay Tester (OT) devices were used to evaluate the rutting and cracking resistance of HMA mixtures, respectively. Eleven mixtures commonly used in Texas were designed following the current Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) mixture design process and then evaluated under the HWTT and the OT. It was found that the Dense-Graded and Superpave mixtures designed following current TxDOT mixture design procedures were rut resistant, but generally not crack resistant. However, all three Stone-Matrix Asphalt (SMA) mixtures were both rut and crack resistant. These observations are consistent with the past experience and field performance. The balanced design procedure proposed in this project recommends minor changes to TxDOT’s current mixture design procedure. Seven mixtures including dense-graded and Superpave mixtures were used to verify and demonstrate this balanced mixture design approach. It was found that a balanced HMA mixture could always be designed providing the aggregates used were not highly absorptive. Statistic analyses on the OT results showed that Performance-Grade (PG) of asphalt binder, effective asphalt content in volume (VBE), film thickness (FT), and surface area (SA) had significant impact on crack resistance of mixtures. Note that the influence of asphalt absorption by aggregates was included in the VBE and FT. The influence of air void content was not significant on crack resistance. Similarly, statistic analyses indicated that the following factors had significant influence on rutting resistance: 1) PG, 2) voids in the mineral aggregate, 3) FT, 4) SA, and 5) air void content. Additionally, the minimum and maximum asphalt contents for different mixtures to pass the cracking and rutting criteria were recommended based on extensive laboratory testing results. The recommended values were preliminarily verified by field performance data from IH20, WesTrack, and National Center for Asphalt Technology test track. Furthermore, a simplified version of the balanced HMA mixture design procedure was also proposed. Instead of volumetric design, trial asphalt contents for different mixtures were recommended for performance evaluation in the simplified mixture design procedure. The procedure was verified in two case studies.
Deciphering Molecular Self-Assembly through Electron Microscopy and Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy

Supramolecular self-assembly of small organic molecules has emerged as a powerful tool to construct well-defined micro- and nanoarchitecture through fine-tuning a range of intermolecular interactions. The size, shape, and optical properties of these nanostructures largely depend on the temperature and polarity of the medium, along with the specific self-assembled pattern of molecular building units. The engineering of supramolecular self-assembled nanostructures with morphology-dependent tunable emission is in high demand due to the promising scope in nanodevices and molecular machines. However, challenges are probing the evolution of molecular aggregates from a true solution and directing the self-assembly process in a pre-defined fashion. The structure of molecular aggregates in the solution can be predicted from fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis. On the other hand, the morphology of the aggregates can also be visualized through electron microscopy. Nevertheless, a direct correlation between emission from molecular aggregates in the aqueous dispersion and their morphology obtained through a solid-state characterization is missing. In the present study, we decipher the sequential evolution of molecular nanofibers from solution to spherical and oblong-shaped nanoparticles through the variation of solvent polarity, adjusting the hydrophobic-hydrophilic interactions. The intriguing case of molecular self-assembly is elucidated employing a newly designed π-conjugated thiophene derivative (TPAn) through a combination of steady-state absorption, emission measurements, FCS, and electron microscopy. The FCS analysis and microscopy results infer that small-sized nanofibers in the dispersion are further agglomerated, resulting in a network of nanofibers upon solvent evaporation. The evolution of organic nanofibers and subtle control over the self-assembly process demonstrated in the current investigation provides a general paradigm to correlate the size, shape, and emission properties of diverse fluorescent molecular aggregates in complex heterogeneous media, including a human cell.
Biodiesel fuels reexamined

Preface Effects of Biodiesel on Diesel Engine Nitrogen Oxide & Other Regulated Emissions - Project No. WP-0308 Effects of Biodiesel Blends on Vehicle Emissions: Fiscal year 2006 Annual Operating Plan Milestone 10.4 Life-Cycle Assessment of Energy & Greenhouse Gas Effects of Soybean-Derived Biodiesel & Renewable Fuels Empirical Study of the Stability of Biodiesel & Biodiesel Blends: Milestone Report Vegetable Oil As Diesel Fuel Fact Sheet Index.
iDrive - Zentrale Bedienung im neuen 7er von BMW /iDrive - centralised operation in the new 7series of BMW

Im neuen 7er fasst BMW die Bedienung saemtlicher Kommunikations-, Informations- und Assistenzsysteme in einem zentralen Bedienelement (Controller) und einem zentralen Bildschirm (Control Display) zusammen: dem iDrive-Bedienkonzept. Ziel war es, eine intuitive Bedienung der zahlreichen Funktionen zu ermoeglichen, bei gleichzeitig gesteigerter Ergonomie. Neben dem Bildschirm stellt der Controller mit seiner variablen Haptik die Innovation dieses Konzepts dar. Der Beitrag gibt zunaechst einen kurzen Ueberblick ueber das iDrive-Gesamtkonzept und konzentriert sich dann auf das zentrale Bedienelement. Hier werden die Anforderungen an ein in der Haptik variables Bedienelement im Automobil dargestellt und die Realisierung im 7er erlaeutert. Anschliessend wird das Zusammenspiel mit dem Controller bei der Erzeugung von haptischen Effekten gezeigt. (A) ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH: With its new 7series BMW provides an optimized operation system of communication, information and assistance in one centralized input device called the "controller" and one monitor called the "control display"; the iDrive concept. The aim was to enable an intuitive operation of the various functions at simultaneously increased ergonomics. Both, the monitor and the controller with its variable haptic are the concept's innovation. After briefly introducing the whole iDrive concept, the essay concentrates on the centralized input device. The requirements for a haptically variable input device in the automobile are pointed out and the realization of the 7series is explained. The co-functionality of the control display (Man Machine Interface) in generating haptical effects is stressed. (A) Beitrag zum Themenbereich "Fahrerassistenzsysteme" der Tagung "Elektronik im Kraftfahrzeug" der VDI-Gesellschaft Fahrzeug- und Verkehrstechnik, Baden-Baden, 27. und 28. September 2001.
Scenic Design and Lighting Techniques: A Basic Guide for Theatre

Table of Contents Acknowledgements About the Authors Introduction Section 1 - Building the Set Chapter 1 - The Basic Scenic Building Blocks A. Flats B. Platforms C. Drops and Backings Chapter 2 - What are They Made of? - Scenic Construction Materials A. Wood: Shapes, Types, Advantages and Disadvantages B. Metal: Shapes, Types, Advantages and Disadvantages C. Cloth: Shapes, Types, Advantages and Disadvantages D. Plastic: Shapes, Types, Advantages and Disadvantages Chapter 3 - What Tools Do I Use? - Scene Shop Tools and Techniques A. The Hand Tools You'll Need in Your Tool Box B. Power Tools C. Portable Power Tools D. Finishing Tools Chapter 4 - How Does It Go Together? - Construction Tips and Techniques A. Building Flats and Platforms B. Moving Scenery C. Connecting Different Types of Scenery D. Making Scenery Shift Section 2 - Creating the Environment Chapter 5 - What Do I Need? - Interpreting the Script for its Basic Scenic Needs A. Who, What, Where, and When B. Creating Breakdowns of Basic Scenic Needs C. What is a Prop and When is it a Set Dressing? D. What Does the Director Want? E. What Does it Feel Like to You? Chapter 6 - How Do I Get Them to Build It? - Communicating Your Ideas A. Research or Don't Reinvent the Wheel B. Sketches and Drawings C. Floor Plans and Scale Drawings D. Breakouts - Perspective Sketches E. Digital Images and CAD Chapter 7 - How Do I Get Them to Believe It? - Adding Realistic Details A. Paint Treatments B. Wall Coverings Chapter 8 - What Should it Look Like? A. Floor Choices B. Set Dressings and Props Choices Section 3 - Lighting the Set Chapter 9 - The Basics of Lighting A. Using Three Point Lighting B. Types of Lighting Instruments and Their Intended Uses C. Using Diffusion, Gels, and Cookies D. Learning What To and What Not to Light Chapter 10 - Special Effects Lighting A. How to Create the Intended Effect with Light B. Achieving the Most with Very Little C. The Latest Techniques and Equipment
Human Factors for Connected Vehicles: Effective Warning Interface Research Findings

This project explored human factors issues in the development of Connected Vehicle (CV) driver vehicle interfaces with an emphasis on maximizing driver comprehension and appropriate responses to warnings. Four distinct research efforts are described in this report. Experiment 1 investigated the perceived urgency of various driving event scenarios in a laboratory setting. The objective of the experiment was to identify the structure of user perceptions of urgency so that CV systems might be made consistent with user expectancies. Results showed that several factors affected participants’ perceptions of perceived urgency, and that ratings of urgency tended to fall into one of three general categories: High threat, caution, and no urgency. Experiment 2 used a series of psychophysical experiments to determine how the manipulation of various alert parameters affects perceived urgency. The experiment also developed and validated a method to determine and compare perceived urgency across visual, auditory, and tactile modalities and within different parameters of each of these modalities. Experiment 3 investigated whether collision avoidance systems should present individual crash alerts in a multiple conflict scenario, or only present one alert in response to the first conflict and suppress the subsequent alert to the second conflict. The closed-course procedure showed that participants’ responses to a surprise event were generally more appropriate when both alerts were presented, and participants subjectively preferred this approach. Experiment 4 investigated the extent to which driver response to imminent crash warnings is affected by the degree of integration when there are multiple CV products in the vehicle. The closed-course procedure showed that participants recognized warnings most quickly when only one display was active in the car. When both displays were active, response times generally improved when messages and warnings were integrated into a single physical location. The authors used the research findings as a basis for a discussion of implications for the design and use of crash-related warning displays within the CV context.
Distance Metric Learnt Kernel-Based Music Classification Using Timbral Descriptors

Automatic music genre classification based on distance metric learning (DML) is proposed in this paper. Three types of timbral descriptors, namely, mel-frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC) features, modified group delay features (MODGDF) and low-level timbral feature sets are combined at the feature level. We experimented with k nearest neighbor (kNN) and support vector machine (SVM)-based classifiers for standard and DML kernels (DMLK) using GTZAN and Folk music dataset. Standard kernel-based kNN and SVM-based classifiers report classification accuracy (in%) of 79.03 and 90.16, respectively, on GTZAN dataset and 86.60 and 92.26, respectively, for Folk music dataset, with the best performing RBF kernel. A further improvement was observed when DML kernels were used in place of standard kernels in the kernel kNN and SVM-based classifiers with an accuracy of 84.46%, 92.74% (GTZAN), 90.00 and 96.23 (Folk music dataset) for DMLK-kNN and DMLK-SVM, respectively. The results demonstrate the potential of DML kernels in music genre classification task.
Vibration-based Condition Monitoring: Industrial, Aerospace and Automotive Applications

Explaining complex ideas in an easy to understand way, Vibration-based Condition Monitoring provides a comprehensive survey of the application of vibration analysis to the condition monitoring of machines. Reflecting the natural progression of these systems by presenting the fundamental material and then moving onto detection, diagnosis and prognosis, Randall presents classic and state-of-the-art research results that cover vibration signals from rotating and reciprocating machines; basic signal processing techniques; fault detection; diagnostic techniques, and prognostics.
IEEE guide for the interpretation of gases generated in oil-immersed transformers

Detailed procedures for analyzing gas from gas spaces or gas-collecting devices as well as gas dissolved in oil are described. The procedures cover: 1) the calibration and use of field instruments for detecting and estimating the amount of combustible gases present in gas blankets above oil, or in gas detector relays; 2) the use of fixed instruments for detecting and determining the quantity of combustible gases present in gas-blanketed equipment; 3) obtaining samples of gas and oil from the transformer for laboratory analysis; 4) laboratory methods for analyzing the gas blanket and the gases extracted from the oil; and 5) interpreting the results in terms of transformer serviceability. The intent is to provide the operator with useful information concerning the serviceability of the equipment. An extensive bibliography on gas evolution, detection, and interpretation is included.
Turning eCall into a basis for future telematic services

The EU Commission's eCall undertaking, to be implemented from 2010, will have a huge impact on the telematics landscape. eCall will require a communication device in every car. This could be developed into a value-added service (VAS) platform. The paper summarises and evaluates the current eCall status and outlines the implementation as seen by a Mobile Network Operator (MNO). Emphasis is laid on the fact that the nomadic eCall is unsuitable for a successful eCall service. The paper also gives an outlook on how eCall may be turned into a core component on which value-added services (VASs) might be based. Technical aspects include the enabler services which MNOs are putting in place to support VAS. Business aspects arise from the fact that the main stakeholders will need to find a common business case. For the covering abstract see ITRD E140665.
An MIH-enhanced fully distributed mobility management (MF-DMM) solution for real and non-real time CVBR traffic classes in mobile internet

: The integration of wireless access networks has progressed rapidly in recent years. Within the mobile communication environment, the operator provides multiple interface options for the mobile node (MN) to switch its connection to any access network during mobility to achieve the quality of service (QoS) for various traﬀic classes. The conventional centralised mobility management (CMM) scheme lacks reliability, dynamic anchoring and a single point of failure. This stimulates the distributed mobility management (DMM) scheme to handle mobility at the access network rather in a centralised manner. Therefore, in this paper, an IEEE 802.21 media independent handover (MIH) enhanced fully DMM (MF-DMM) solution is proposed for real-and non-real-time constant and variable bit rate (CVBR) traﬀic classes for mobile internetworking applications. The performance factors of handover delay, packet loss rate, throughput and signalling overheads are compared with the existing CMM scheme. The simulation results prove that the presented MF-DMM technique considerably reduces the handover delay while switching to different access technologies and, thus, achieves seamless connection by managing mobile internet protocol (IP) traﬀic locally.
Management Accounting Demystified

Learn the essentials of management accounting in a flash! This hands-on self-teaching guide covers thefundamentals of management accounting,including cost accounting, how to develop anduse information for costing products and services,decision making, operational budgeting,performance evaluation, and other importantsubjects and provides an update on recent developments in the field. You will learn the keyaspects of management accounting as they applyto both for-profit companies and nonprofits.
An FPGA architecture design of a high performance adaptive notch filter

The occurrence of narrowband interference near frequencies carrying information is a common problem in modern control and signal processing applications. A very narrow notch filter is required in order to remove the unwanted signal while not compromising the integrity of the carrier signal. In many practical situations, the interference may wander within a frequency band, in which case a wider notch filter would be needed to guarantee its removal, which may also allow for the degradation of information being carried in nearby frequencies. If the interference frequency could be autonomously tracked, a narrow bandwidth notch filter could be successfully implemented for the particular frequency. Adaptive signal processing is a powerful technique that can be used in the tracking and elimination of such a signal. An application where an adaptive notch filter becomes necessary is in biomedical instrumentation, such as the electrocardiogram recorder. The recordings can become useless when in the presence of electromagnetic fields generated by power lines. Research was conducted to fully characterize the interference. Research on notch filter structures and adaptive filter algorithms has been carried out. The lattice form filter structure was chosen for its inherent stability and performance benefits. A new adaptive filter algorithm was developed targeting a hardware implementation. The algorithm used techniques from several other algorithms that were found to be beneficial. This work developed the hardware implementation of a lattice form adaptive notch filter to be used for the removal of power line interference from electrocardiogram signals. The various design tradeoffs encountered were documented. The final design was targeted
The risk factors for post-polypectomy bleeding and establishment of a risk-scoring model for small colorectal polyps (<1.5cm) in an ambulatory surgery center: a retrospective analysis

Background: As one of the most common complications of colonoscopy, the risk factors of post-polypectomy bleeding (PPB) has been rarely explored in an ambulatory surgery unit. We aim to develop a risk-scoring model to predict the risk of PPB forsmall colorectal polyps (<1.5cm) in an ambulatory surgery unit. Methods: The patients with single small colorectal polyps (<1.5cm) who underwent endoscopic polypectomy in the Ambulatory Surgery Center of our hospital between January 2014 and June 2017 were included and retrospectively reviewed. We analyzed patient’s clinical characteristics, morphological and pathological characteristics of polyps, polypectomy techniques, and the occurrence of PPB. Risk factors of PPB were identified with a multivariable logistic regression model. In addition, a risk-scoring system was developed and validated eventually. Results: Among the 771 patients enrolled, 26 (3.4%) patients suffered PPB. The male gender, elderly age (≥ 60 years), using hot biopsy forceps as polypectomy technique adenoma in histopathology, complicated withhypertension, use of anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents, and early excessive activities significantly increased the risk of PPB (P＜0.05) as indicated by the results of multivariable logistic regression analysis. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) in the model group (0.890) and validation group (0.924) indicated that the risk-scoring model could predict the occurrence of PPB effectively. Conclusions: This risk-scoring method may help to predict the risk of PPB forsmall colorectal polyps, fit well in the Ambulatory Surgery Center, and provide a new approach to help reduce the incidence of hemorrhage after colorectal polypectomy.Trial registration: This study was retrospectively registered and approved by the Ethics Committee of West China Hospital of Sichuan University (IRB number: ChiCTR1800020201).
THE MEANING OF COLOR TERM IN CHINESE AND INDONESIAN IDIOMS: NATURAL SEMANTIC METALANGUAGE APPROACH

Every human being has the same vision for colors. On the other hand, idioms –as an embodiment of the expression of human experience, can certainly be a medium for expressing the universal meaning possessed by humans across cultures, including the meaning of colors. Through the meaning of colors term in idioms, the universality of the human mind can be known. Natural Semantic Metalanguage is an approach that tries to see the universality of language. By using six-color term in the Morris Swadesh word list, this study aims to find out the universality of the meaning of colors term in Indonesian and Mandarin. This study shows the meaning of the 'black' colors term in Indonesian and Mandarin idioms is universal. Moreover, the meaning of the colors 'black', 'green' and 'red' is universal in the concept of associating colors with objects and conditions.