Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Affordances of models and modelling: a study of four technology design projects in the Swedish secondary school

This study aims to investigate affordances of models and modelling in design projects in technology education. To learn more about affordances when working with models and modelling, four Swedish technology teachers were interviewed using a narrative approach. Despite a small number of informants data were rich, containing detailed descriptions of sequences where students used models and modelling in ways not planned by the teachers. By using a qualitative, generic inductive approach, the narrative interviews revealed seven different affordances of models and modelling in the projects: Seeing different solutions; Finding possibilities and limitations in solutions; Representing an idea, structure or function; Communicating solutions with drawings; Making problems and solutions visible; Trial and error and learning from mistakes and finally Taking inspirations from each other’s solutions. Some conclusions and implications of the study are that when the students can see and use a wide variety of materials when modelling, they are more creative in finding solutions to design problems. The use of conceptual design in schools, leading to students performing trial and error using models to solve problems, might also be connected to the importance of a variety of materials. In the study, teachers describe how their students used models, trying different solutions, representing ideas, and trying, failing and trying again. All these modelling activities are important parts of a design process and might prove that the doing itself is a process of reflection.
The American Freshman: National Norms Fall 2013

This research brief highlights findings from the 2012 CIRP Freshman Survey report, which uses data from 192,912 first-time, full-time students entering 283 fouryear colleges and universities of varying levels of selectivity and type in the United States. These data have been statistically weighted to reflect the approximately 1.5 million first-time, full-time first-year students entering 1,613 four-year colleges and universities across the country in 2012. This means differences of one percentage point in the results reflect the characteristics, behaviors, and attitudes of roughly 15,000 first-year students nationally.
MAIZE SEED CLASSIFICATION WITH MACHINE LEARNING APPROACH

Sorting seeds is important in agriculture for both productivity and commercial reasons. Low-quality seeds may result in poor plant development, disease, and poor crop yields. A quick identification and classification approach for maize seeds is developed in this work using machine learning and machine vision. The traditional experiments’ knowledge cannot reduce agriculture’s present adverse effects on the biosphere. There is an increase in the gap between the slowly expanding knowledge base and the adverse impacts of the environment. Crop seed quality can be significantly indicated by the seed purity. Also, in the modern agricultural industry, maize is a significant crop which is having worldwide production greater than 40%. All over the world, maize is among the significantly cultivated grains. In the context of genetic programs, modern crop improvement and advanced maize breeding, the most significant technique is doubled-haploid as with the help of this technique breeding efficiency is increased as well as breeding period is shortened. The study aims in examining the ML (machine learning) approach’ feasibility in various types of maize seeds’ classification. The digital images (DI) of seeds of 6 maize varieties were ICI 339, Neelam Makkai, Pioneer P-1429, Kashmiri Makkai, Sygenta ST-6142, and Desi Makkai. The classification outcomes meet the demands of both producers and consumers.
A Transverse Flux Single-Phase Tubular-Switched Reluctance Linear Launcher With Eight-Pole Structure

Tubular-switched reluctance linear launcher (TSRLL) with novel structure is proposed in this paper. The structure of switched reluctance motor is simplified, and the unbalanced force of common types of switched reluctance linear launcher is alleviated in TSRLL. The structure of the single-phase TSRLL with transverse flux is introduced thoroughly. The 3-D finite-element (FE) model of the proposed TSRLL is constructed, and electromagnetic analysis is performed by the FE method (FEM). To improve the electromagnetic force of the proposed launcher, the sensitivity analysis is conducted by means of 3-D FEM. The stator yoke thickness, mover cylinder’s thickness, stator pole arc, and pole width ratio of TSRLL are optimized, and the results of the sensitivity analyses are presented. TSRLL with two different polarity distribution patterns is compared via static FE analysis. The dynamic simulation of TSRLL with optimal specification and polarity distribution is carried out and demonstrated, of which the results agree well with the static analysis by FEM.
USES CASES AND APPROACHES A . Use Cases : Specificities and Query Types

| The steep rise in music downloading over CD sales has created a major shift in the music industry away from physical media formats and towards online products and services. Music is one of the most popular types of online information and there are now hundreds of music streaming and download services operating on the World-Wide Web. Some of the music collections available are approaching the scale of ten million tracks and this has posed a major challenge for searching, retrieving, and organizing music content. Research efforts in music information retrieval have involved experts from music perception, cognition, musicology, engineering, and computer science engaged in truly interdisciplinary activity that has resulted in many proposed algorithmic and methodological solutions to music search using content-based methods. This paper outlines the problems of content-based music information retrieval and explores the state-of-the-art methods using audio cues (e.g., query by humming, audio fingerprinting, content-based music retrieval) and other cues (e.g., music notation and symbolic representation), and identifies some of the major challenges for the coming years.
A Cartesian grid-based boundary integral method for moving interface problems

This paper proposes a Cartesian grid-based boundary integral method for efficiently and stably solving two representative moving interface problems, the Hele-Shaw flow and the Stefan problem. Elliptic and parabolic partial differential equations (PDEs) are reformulated into boundary integral equations and are then solved with the matrix-free generalized minimal residual (GMRES) method. The evaluation of boundary integrals is performed by solving equivalent and simple interface problems with finite difference methods, allowing the use of fast PDE solvers, such as fast Fourier transform (FFT) and geometric multigrid methods. The interface curve is evolved utilizing the $\theta-L$ variables instead of the more commonly used $x-y$ variables. This choice simplifies the preservation of mesh quality during the interface evolution. In addition, the $\theta-L$ approach enables the design of efficient and stable time-stepping schemes to remove the stiffness that arises from the curvature term. Ample numerical examples, including simulations of complex viscous fingering and dendritic solidification problems, are presented to showcase the capability of the proposed method to handle challenging moving interface problems.
Gender & Racism: Considerations for Digital Learning Among Young Refugees and Asylum Seekers

Young refugees and asylum seekers (RAS) in the UK face barriers related to language and accessing formal schooling. While HCI research has focused on migration, less work has been done with young RAS and less so on how digital platforms may be used to support young RAS during times in which they are unable to access schooling. Through co-design workshops with young RAS in the UK, we explored social and contextual factors influencing their engagement in and experiences with digital tools to learn and develop their learning skills outside of school. Our findings highlight and nuance gender, culture and racism as factors that need to be accounted for when designing digital education tools for this population. More specifically, we detail how accounting for the aforementioned factors may inform the: (1) learning approaches that may underpin such technologies, (2) the timing and duration of digitally facilitated learning activities and (3) the platforms through which learning activities may be mediated. We argue that not accounting for these factors may result in reduced engagement and in propagating existing gender inequities. As such, our research contributes to a growing body of work focused on HCI, migration and education.
A Critique of Silviculture: Managing for Complexity

New ideas in ecology have implications for managing forest ecosystems. The discipline of silviculture is at a crossroads. Silviculturists are under increasing pressure to develop practices that sustain the full function and dynamics of forested ecosystems and maintain ecosystem diversity and resilience while still providing needed wood products. "A Critique of Silviculture" offers a penetrating look at the current state of the field and provides suggestions for its future development.The book includes an overview of the historical developments of silvicultural techniques and describes how these developments are best understood in their contemporary philosophical, social, and ecological contexts. It also explains how the traditional strengths of silviculture are becoming limitations as society demands a varied set of benefits from forests and as we learn more about the importance of diversity on ecosystem functions and processes.The authors go on to explain how other fields, specifically ecology and complexity science, have developed in attempts to understand the diversity of nature and the variability and heterogeneity of ecosystems. The authors suggest that ideas and approaches from these fields could offer a road map to a new philosophical and practical approach that endorses managing forests as complex adaptive systems. "A Critique of Silviculture" bridges a gap between silviculture and ecology that has long hindered the adoption of new ideas. It breaks the mold of disciplinary thinking by directly linking new ideas and findings in ecology and complexity science to the field of silviculture. This is a critically important book that is essential reading for anyone involved with forest ecology, forestry, silviculture, or the management of forested ecosystems.
Chapter 6: Carbon and Other Biogeochemical Cycles

Do Not Cite, Quote or Distribute 6-1 Total pages: 166 1 Chapter 6: Carbon and Other Biogeochemical Cycles 2 3 Coordinating Lead Authors: Philippe Ciais (France), Christopher Sabine (USA) 4 5 Lead Authors: Govindsamy Bala (India), Laurent Bopp (France), Victor Brovkin (Germany), Josep 6 Canadell (Australia), Abha Chhabra (India), Ruth DeFries (USA), James Galloway (USA), Martin Heimann 7 (Germany), Christopher Jones (UK), Corinne Le Quéré (UK), Ranga Myneni (USA), Shilong Piao (China), 8 Peter Thornton (USA) 9 10 Contributing Authors: Ayako Abe-Ouchi (Japan), Anders Ahlström (Sweden), Oliver Andrews (UK), 11 David Archer (USA), Vivek Arora (Canada), Gordon Bonan (USA), Alberto Borges (Belgium), Philippe 12 Bousquet (France), Lori Bruhwiler (USA), Kenneth Caldeira (USA), Long Cao (China), Jerôme Chappellaz 13 (France), F. Chevallier (France), Cory Cleveland (USA), Peter Cox (UK), Frank J. Dentener (Italy), Scott 14 Doney (USA), Jan Willem Erisman (The Netherlands), Eugenie Euskirchen (USA), Pierre Friedlingstein 15 (UK), S. Gourdji (USA), Nicolas Gruber (Switzerland), Guido van der Werf (Netherlands), K. Gurney 16 (USA), Paul Hanson (USA), Elizabeth Holland (USA), Richard A. Houghton (USA), Jo House (UK), Sander 17 Houweling (TN), Stephen Hunter (UK), George Hurtt (US), A. Jacobson (USA), Atul Jain (USA), Fortunat 18 Joos (Switzerland), Johann Jungclaus (Germany), Jed Kaplan (Switzerland), Etsushi Kato (Japan), Ralph 19 Keeling (USA), Samar Khatiwala (USA), Stefanie Kirschke (France), Kees Klein Goldewijk (Netherlands), 20 Silvia Kloster (Germany), Charlie Koven (USA), Carolien Kroeze (Netherlands), Jean-François Lamarque 21 (USA), Keith Lassey (New Zealand), R. Law (Australia), Andrew Lenton (Australia), Spencer Liddicoat 22 (UK), Mark R. Lomas (UK), Yiqi Luo (USA), Takashi Maki (Japan), Gregg Marland (USA), Damon 23 Matthews (Canada), David McGuire (USA), Joe Melton (Switzerland), Nicolas Metzl (France), Vaishali 24 Naik (USA), Y. Niwa (Japan), Richard Norby (USA), James Orr (France), Geun-Ha Park (USA), Prabir 25 Patra (Japan), W. Peters (The Netherlands), Philippe Peylin (France), Stephen Piper (USA), Julia Pongratz 26 (USA), Ben Poulter (France), Peter A. Raymond (USA), P. Rayner (Australia), Andy Ridgwell (UK), Bruno 27 Ringeval (France), C. Roedenbeck (Germany), Marielle Saunois (France), Andreas Schmittner (USA), 28 Edward Schuur (USA), Elena Shevliakova (USA), Stephen Sitch (UK), Renato Spahni (Switzerland), 29 Benjamin Stocker (Switzerland), Taro Takahashi (USA), Rona Thompson (France), Jerry Tjiputra (Norway), 30 Detlef van Vuuren (Netherlands), Apostolos Voulgarakis (USA), Rita Wania (Canada), Soenke Zaehle 31 (Germany), Ning Zeng (USA) 32 33 Review Editors: Christoph Heinze (Norway), Pieter Tans (USA), Timo Vesala (Finland) 34 35 Date of Draft: 5 October 2012 36 37 Notes: TSU Compiled Version 38 39
Benign Multiple Sclerosis: Less Tissue Injury on Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Purpose Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease that is heterogeneous in terms of clinical course (1). This study is performed to characterize a specific group of patients who were diagnosed with clinically definite MS, but have experienced a benign course for over 10 years. We examined the normal appearing corpus callosum region in these patients using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Our hypothesis is that benign MS has less microscopic tissue injury on MRI than patients who have a typical relapsing-remitting course of MS.
Power Quality Enhancement of Cascaded H-Bridge Multi Level Inverter based Distributed-STATCOM by Standard and Intelligent Controllers

The voltage source converters are to be designed with higher capacity for the purpose of maintaining the voltage profile constant by means of shunt compensators especially in distribution systems of medium voltages. Yet, designing converters of large rating imposes restrictions with respect to the stress and uniform distribution of stress in various devices is quite challenging in multi-level topology. The structure of cascaded arrangement of such inverters is very simple and expandable compared to other existing designs. This investigation aims to provide active filtering by the use of cascaded VSC particularly for 5-level and 7-level in distribution circuits for enhancing the quality of power. For experimental analysis a nonlinear rectification load using diodes (NLDRL) is considered and to abolish the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) as well as to get a fairly reasonable power factor, the DSTATCOM (Distribution Static Compensator) is being used. The principal theory associated in the compensating process is the p-q philosophy. For validating the entire design by means of simulation MATLAB package is chosen.
BAŞKENT UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF EDUCATION

Phonemic awareness is a crucial skill that students must acquire in learning to read and spell words. Those who have it understand how to manipulate the smallest sounds called phonemes in words. Children who struggle in learning to read have special difficulty acquiring phonemic awareness. Various multisensory instructional methods have been found to be effective to make this process easier. In this review, only studies that have used articulatory pictures and object pictures to teach phonemic awareness are considered by discussing the advantages and disadvantages of these two methods of teaching phonemic awareness. Articulatory pictures show how the mouth is positioned to produce spoken sounds. Learning to track mouth movements with pictures can help students distinguish the sequence of separate phonemes in spoken words. The motor theory of speech explains why mouth pictures are effective. Object pictures on the other hand are displayed in every classroom, for example, drawings of bear for /b/, fish for /f/, and girl for /g/. Such pictures are used to teach associations between phonemes and letters.honemic awareness is a crucial skill that students must acquire in learning to read and spell words. Those who this kill understand how to manipulate the smallest sounds called phonemes in words. Children who struggle in learning to read have special difficulty acquiring phonemic awareness. Various multisensory instructional methods have been found to be effective to make this process easier. In this review, only studies that have used articulatory pictures and object pictures to teach phonemic awareness are considered by discussing the advantages and disadvantages of these two methods of teaching phonemic awareness. Articulatory pictures show how the mouth is positioned to produce spoken sounds. Learning to track mouth movements with pictures can help * ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Türkan Öcal, Program in Educational Psychology, CUNY Graduate Center,NY, USA, E-mail address: tocal@gradcenter.cuny. edu Use of Articulatory Pictures and Object Pictures in Phonemic Awareness Instruction 211 students distinguish the sequence of separate phonemes in spoken words. The motor theory of speech explains why mouth pictures are effective. Object pictures on the other hand are displayed in every classroom, for example, drawings of bear for /b/, fish for /f/, and girl for /g/. Such pictures are used to teach associations between phonemes and letters. Advantages and disadvantages of both methods are discussed.
A Low-Cost Tubular Biogas Digester for Rural Households in Malawi

Effective development and promotion of biogas technology can offer numerous benefits to any country. However, development and adoption this technology in Malawi has for a long time been constrained by locally unaffordable biogas digester designs. Hence the aim of the study was to develop biogas digester from locally available materials and assess its performance under Malawian environmental conditions. The study consisted of three pairs of locally constructed tubular polyethylene digesters (same design) that were fed with pig dung, goat stomach waste and kitchen food wastes. One digester in each pair was enclosed in a greenhouse structure made from transparent polyethylene.
WASH Benefits: The Effects of Water Quality, Sanitation, Handwashing, and Nutrition Interventions on Child Health, Growth, and Development in Rural Kenya

Poor nutrition and exposure to fecal contamination are associated with diarrhea and growth faltering, and both have long-term consequences for child health and development. In Kenya, researchers partnered with IPA to conduct a large-scale randomized evaluation of the impacts of water, sanitation, handwashing, and nutrition interventions delivered alone and in combination. The study found that behavioral messaging and simple technological interventions––including chlorination for treating household drinking water, improved pit latrines and tools for disposing of child and animal feces, and handwashing stations with soapy water––was insufficient to reduce diarrhea or improve child growth in the water, sanitation, and handwashing arms of the evaluation. The nutrition intervention, comprised of counselling and supplementation, modestly improved children’s growth. None of the interventions improved measures of child development measured two years after intervention delivery began. The findings call into question the ability of large-scale water, sanitation, and handwashing interventions to reduce diarrhea or improve children’s growth or development in similar contexts.
Productividad del trabajo en la industria maquiladora del norte de México: un análisis de convergencia [Labor productivity in the export maquiladora industry of Mexico: a convergence analysis]

Abstract: The present study analyses the labor productivity performance in the export maquiladora industry of Mexico (EMI), by sectors and states, comparing the northern border region to the rest of Mexican states during the period 1990-1999. The study is based on conditional convergence analysis applied to labor productivity. The results showed that the states with higher labor productivity were Morelos, Jalisco and the state of Mexico. The pooled least squares showed the existence of absolute divergence in labor productivity for all sectors. Finally, the econometric estimates of conditional convergence did not show any impact of the qualified labor force variable. When including the rate of growth of capital formation and real wages the results exhibit a weak conditional convergence trend. The fixed effect panel model estimates suggest favorable state conditions for labor productivity growth in the states of Nuevo Leon, Baja California and Chihuahua.
Critical Mass : How One Thing Leads to Another

In his new book, Gordon Globus brings together two seemingly irreconcilable discourses: an application of quantum field theory to brain functioning with the philosophies of Heidegger and Derrida. In other words, he tries to reconcile a powerful tradition within continental philosophy with the quantum revolution in science, and applies the outcome to crucial issues in philosophy, brain science, mathematics and psychiatry. There are three principal topics; the first considers Heidegger in relation to Vitiello’s quantum brain dynamics, the second reviews similar approaches by other people (i.e. Dreyfus, Pylkkö and Plotnitsky), while the third deals with Derrida and the quantum brain. Globus calls his methodology ‘thinkingtogether’. This involves
Detecting Jamming and Interference in Airborne Radar Using Convolutional Neural Networks Master’s thesis in Complex Adaptive Systems

Dealing with different forms of radar jamming is a central challenge in air-to-air combat. Jamming is a collection of techniques used for obstructing desired targetdetection in an enemy radar. This thesis studies the possibilites of detecting jamming in radars by training a convolutional neural network with synthetic radar-data generated by software. This particular convolutional neural network is designed to classify range-doppler maps from airborne radars into four different classes: no jamming, noise jamming, DRFM jamming, and interference. A suitable network architecture and values for hyperparameters are found by iterative experimental studies. The final classification accuracy on a test set is 96.75%. This achieved accuracy suggests that convolutional neural-networks can be used to detect radar jamming with good results.
Are Emily and Greg More Employable than Lakisha and Jamal? A Field Experiment on Labor Market Discrimination

We study race in the labor market by sending fictitious resumes to help-wanted ads in Boston and Chicago newspapers. To manipulate perceived race, resumes are randomly assigned African-American-or White-sounding names. White names receive 50 percent more callbacks for interviews. Callbacks are also more respon sive to resume quality for White names than for African-American ones. The racial gap is uniform across occupation, industry, and employer size. We also find little evidence that employers are inferring social class from the names. Differential treatment by race still appears to still be prominent in the U.S. labor market. (JEL 171, J64).
Spacecraft Dynamics and Control: A Practical Engineering Approach

1. Introduction 2. Orbital dynamics 3. Orbital maneuvers 4. Attitude dynamics and kinematics 5. Gravity gradient stabilization 6. Single and dual spin stabilization 7. Attitude maneuvers in space 8. Momentum-biased attitude stabilization 9. Reaction jet attitude 10. Structural dynamics and liquid sloshing Appendix A. Attitude transformation in space Appendix B. Attitude determination hardware Appendix C. Orbit and attitude control hardware.