Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and risk factors for renal recovery after acute kidney injury in critically ill patients in cohorts of elderly and non-elderly: a multicenter retrospective cohort study

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to explore the risk factors for renal nonrecovery among elderly and nonelderly patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill patients. Methods A multicenter retrospective cohort of 583 critically ill patients with AKI was examined. We found the best cutoff value for predicting renal recovery by age was 63 years old through logistic regression. All patients were divided into two cohorts, age <63 and age ≥63-years old; on the basis of renal recovery at 30 days after AKI, the two patient cohorts were further divided into a renal recovery group and a renal nonrecovery group. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors affecting renal recovery in the two cohorts. Results The 30-day renal recovery rate of patients aged <63 years was 70.0% (198/283), multivariate analysis showed that the independent risk factors affecting renal nonrecovery in age <63 years old included AKI stage, blood lactate level and hemoglobin level. The 30-day renal recovery rate of patients aged ≥63 years was 28.7% (86/300), multivariate analysis showed that the independent risk factors for renal nonrecovery in age ≥63-years old included diabetes mellitus, surgery with general anesthesia, AKI stage, APACHE II score, eGFR, and hemoglobin level. Conclusions The renal nonrecovery after AKI in critically ill patients in patients aged ≥63 years was more strongly affected by multiple risk factors, such as diabetes mellitus, surgery with general anesthesia, eGFR, and APACHE II score, in addition to hemoglobin and AKI stage.
Human Papillomavirus Vaccinations: Provider Education to Enhance Vaccine Uptake

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the number one sexually transmitted infection (STI) worldwide. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) approximated that 92% of HPV-related cancers might be prevented by receiving the HPV 9-valent vaccine (Gardasil 9). The 2-dose HPV vaccine for children ages 11 to 12 years provides almost 100% protection against strains affiliated with cervical, vaginal, and vulvar cancers. Provider education is essential to decrease clinical knowledge deficits and increase vaccination uptake. Evidence-based provider recommendations expressed to eligible individuals improves vaccination rates. Evidence-based approaches for vaccine-hesitant parents involve using the presumptive announcement approach, asking for and addressing main concerns, and trying again if the parent initially declines. Seventy percent of parents who initially decide not to get their child vaccinated later agree to the vaccine or schedule a follow-up appointment. The CDC guidelines for HPV vaccinations, including the catch-up and adult guidelines, are reviewed. A clinical vignette with case scenarios and a Q&A quiz are included.
Endogenous dehydroepiandrosterone and depression in postmenopausal women: a systematic review of observational studies

This systematic review of observational studies evaluated the existing evidence for association between endogenous DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone)/DHEAS (dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate) and depression/depressive symptoms in postmenopausal women. The findings were inconsistent and do not clearly support an association between DHEA/DHEAS and depression. Abstract Importance The associations between endogenous dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA sulfate (DHEAS), and depression in older women are uncertain. However, DHEA supplements are widely available over the counter in some countries, and some people may be taking DHEA with the hope of positive mood effects. Objective This systematic review aimed to investigate the association between endogenous DHEA/DHEAS blood concentrations and depression/depressive symptoms in community-dwelling postmenopausal women. Evidence Review: Searches were conducted in Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases for observational studies with at least 100 community-dwelling participants until March 9, 2022. The bibliographies of retrieved articles were manually searched. The studies published in English and meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the review. The risk of bias was assessed with the modified Hoy tool for cross-sectional designs and the Joanna Briggs Institute modified critical appraisal checklist for cohort studies. Findings Of the 30 articles retrieved for full-text review, 14 met the criteria for inclusion. Seven studies were cross-sectional, six were longitudinal, and one had both cross-sectional and longitudinal data. Five of eight cross-sectional studies found no association between DHEAS and depression, whereas three studies reported an inverse association. Similarly, most of the studies (n = 4) with longitudinal data reported no association, whereas two studies reported either an inverse association or mixed results for DHEAS and depression severity. No association between DHEA and depression was found irrespective of the study design. Heterogeneity of design was a barrier to meta-analysis and between study comparison. The majority of studies were limited by high risk of bias in at least one assessed domain. Conclusion and Relevance This systematic review does not support an association between endogenous DHEA/DHEAS and depression in postmenopausal women.
Keep in contact: multiple roles of endoplasmic reticulum-membrane contact sites and the organelle interaction network in plants.

Functional regulation and structural maintenance of the different organelles in plants contribute directly to plant development, reproduction and stress responses. To ensure these activities take place effectively, cells have evolved an inter-connected network amongst various subcellular compartments, regulating rapid signal transduction and the exchange of biomaterial. Many proteins that regulate membrane connections have recently been identified in plants and this is the first step in elucidating both the mechanism and function of these connections. Amongst all organelles, the endoplasmic reticulum is the key structure which likely links most of the different subcellular compartments through membrane contact sites (MCS) and the ER-PM contact sites (EPCS) have been the most intensely studied in plants. However, the molecular composition and function of plant MCS are being found to be different from other eukaryotic systems. In this article, we will summarize the most recent advances in this field, and discuss the mechanism and biological relevance of these essential links in plants.
Minimax Prediction Problem for Multidimensional Stationary Stochastic Processes

We consider the problem of estimation of the unknown value of the functionals and which depend on the unknown values of a multidimensional stationary stochastic process based on observations of the process for t < 0 from the class Ξ of processes which satisfy conditions , . The maximum values of the mean-square errors of the optimal estimates of the functionals and are found. It is shown that these maximum values of the errors in the class Ξ give the moving average processes which are determined by eigenvectors of compact operators constructed with the help of the vector-function .
Series Expansions for the First Passage Distribution of Wong–Pearson Jump-Diffusions

Abstract We explore the Erlang series approach for the first-time passage problem for a particular class of jump-diffusions with polynomial state-dependent coefficients. This approach may be viewed as a discrete analog of the Laplace transform, which replaces the differential equations with polynomial coefficients satisfied by this function by algebraic recurrences. We identify cases in which the expansion is finite and in which the recurrence is of second order, and thus more easily solved.
Mesenchymal Condensation in Tooth Development and Regeneration: a Focus on Translational Aspects of Organogenesis.

The teeth are vertebrate-specific and highly specialized organs performing fundamental functions of mastication and speech, the maintenance of which is crucial for orofacial homeostasis and is further linked to systemic health and human psychosocial well-being. However, with limited ability of self-repair, the teeth can often be impaired by traumatic, inflammatory and progressive insults, leading to high prevalence of tooth loss and defects worldwide. Regenerative medicine holds the promise to achieve physiological restoration of lost or damaged organs, and particularly an evolving framework of developmental engineering has pioneered for functional tooth regeneration by harnessing the odontogenic program. As a key event of tooth morphogenesis, mesenchymal condensation dictates dental tissue formation and patterning through cellular self-organization and signaling interaction with the epithelium, which provides a representative to decipher organogenetic mechanisms and can be leveraged for regenerative purposes. In this Review, we summarize how mesenchymal condensation spatiotemporally assembles from dental stem cells (DSCs) and sequentially mediates tooth development. We highlight condensation-mimetic engineering efforts and mechanisms based on ex vivo aggregation of DSCs, which have fulfilled functionally robust and physiologically relevant tooth regeneration after implantation in animals and in human. The discussion in this aspect will add to the knowledge of development-inspired tissue engineering strategies and will offer benefits to propel clinical organ regeneration.
Greatly reduced leakage current and conduction mechanism in aliovalent-ion-doped BiFeO3

Transport properties of aliovalent-ion-doped BiFeO3 (BFO) thin films have been studied in order to identify the cause of high leakage currents. Doping of 2at. % Ti4+ ions increased the dc resistivity by more than three orders of magnitude. In contrast, doping of 2+ ions such as Ni2+ reduced the dc resistivity by two orders of magnitude. Current–voltage (I–V) characteristics indicated that the main conduction mechanism for pure and Ni2+ doped BFO was space charge limited, which was associated with the free-carriers trapped by the oxygen vacancies, whereas in the Ti4+ doped BFO, field-assisted ionic conduction was dominant.
Neural cortical organoids from self-assembling human iPSC as a model to investigate neurotoxicity in brain ischemia

Brain ischemia is a common acute injury resulting from impaired blood flow to the brain. Translation of effective drug candidates from experimental models to patients has systematically failed. The use of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) offers new opportunities to gain translational insights into diseases including brain ischemia. We used a human 3D self-assembling iPSC-derived model (human cortical organoids, hCO) to characterize the effects of ischemia caused by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). hCO exposed to 2 h or 8 h of OGD had neuronal death and impaired neuronal network complexity, measured in whole-mounting microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2) immunostaining. Neuronal vulnerability was reflected by a reduction in MAP-2 mRNA levels, and increased release of neurofilament light chain (NfL) in culture media, proportional to OGD severity. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) gene or protein levels did not change in hCO, but their release in medium increased after prolonged OGD. In conclusion, this human 3D iPSC-based in vitro model of brain ischemic injury is characterized by marked neuronal injury reflected by the release of the translational biomarker NfL which is relevant for testing neuroprotective strategies.
Metal-graphene-metal photodetectors

We present photoconductivity studies of metal/graphene interfaces, discuss the origin of the photoconductive behavior, and present ultrafast photocurrent measurements. Conversion of surface plasmon polaritons into electrical current at metal/graphene interfaces will also be presented. Based on these findings we developed several concepts for graphenebased photodetectors. One of these concepts involves the deposition of inter-digitated metal electrodes on graphene to realize a metal-graphene-metal photodetector. We used this device to demonstrate the faithful detection of data streams at rates of 10 gigabits per second. Another concept relies on the monolithic integrating of graphene with a Fabry-Pérot microcavity. This device benefits from the large increase of the optical field inside a resonant cavity, giving rise to increased absorption. We demonstrate that the optical absorption can be 26-fold enhanced as compared to conventional devices.
Transition between Bloch and Néel Walls

The transition between Neel and Bloch walls is shown to be gradual rather than abrupt, resulting in a wall with Neel and Bloch components superposed. For films thick enough so that such a transition can occur, the wall is a pure Neel wall if φf, the acute angle between the wall normal in the plane of the film and the magnetization at the edge of the wall (half the angle between the magnetization vectors in the two domains separated by the wall) is less than a critical value. For φf larger than that critical value but less than π/2, the wall contains both Neel and Bloch components. When φf is π/2, i.e., a 180° wall, the wall is of the pure Bloch type; however, this situation is often unstable, resulting in a transition wall with the Neel component reversing periodically in distance along the wall in a crosstie‐like structure. These conclusions are supported by Lorentz micrographs.
Dependence of flux transfer events on solar wind conditions from 3 years of cluster observations

We investigate the dependence of Cluster high-latitude magnetopause and low-latitude flank flux transfer events (FTEs) on solar wind conditions using measurements from Cluster FGM and CIS and ACE MFI and SWEPAM between February 2001 and June 2003. We find that there are strong dependences of Cluster FTE occurrence on the IMF B-xgsm, B-ygsm, and B-zgsm components but not on the IMF magnitude. There are strong dependences of Cluster FTE occurrence on the IMF clock, tilt, spiral, and cone angles. However, some patterns are significantly different from previous results. The solar wind density, speed, Beta, VxBz, dynamic pressure, and magnetosonic Mach number have different degrees of control on FTE occurrence. FTE separation time is found to be clearly controlled by IMF B-ygsm, B-zgsm, and magnitude, and the IMF clock, tilt, spiral, and cone angles, and weakly controlled by the solar wind VxBz and magnetosonic Mach number. There is no obvious control of it by other IMF and solar wind parameters. FTE peak-peak magnitude is found to be controlled by IMF B-ygsm, B-zgsm, and magnitude and by the solar wind density and dynamic pressure but not by other IMF and solar wind parameters. The FTE dawn-dusk asymmetry is not likely caused by the Parker spiral IMF. Some FTE statistical patterns are strongly dependent on FTE locations. Finally, we see similar to 4% of the FTEs corresponding to a single change in IMF B-zgsm from positive to negative, similar to 4% corresponding to a single change from negative to positive, and similar to 43% corresponding to multiple changes in the sign of IMF B-zgsm, all within the 10-min interval preceding the FTEs. There is still no evidence for a direct correlation between IMF B-zgsm changing sign and FTEs.
First-principles calculations of electron mobilities in silicon: Phonon and Coulomb scattering

Electron mobilities limited by phonon and ionized impurity scattering have traditionally been modeled by suppressing atomic-scale detail, relying on empirical deformation potentials and either effective-mass theory or bulk energy bands to describe electron velocities. Parameter fitting to experimental data is needed. As modern technologies require modeling of transport at the nanoscale and unprecedented materials are introduced, predictive parameter-free mobility modeling becomes necessary. Here we report the development of first-principles quantum-mechanical methods to calculate scattering rates and electronic mobilities limited by phonon and ionized-impurity scattering. We report results for n-doped silicon that are in good agreement with experiment.
Formation of viscoplastic drops by capillary breakup

The process of growth and detachment of drops from a capillary nozzle is studied experimentally by high-speed imaging. Newtonian drops are compared to shear-thinning and viscoplastic drops. Both Newtonian and shear-thinning fluid drops grow on the end of the capillary until a maximum supportable tensile stress is reached in the drop neck, after which they become unstable and detach. The critical stress is not influenced by variations in viscosity or in the degree of shear thinning. Viscoplastic fluids show a different behavior: at low values of the yield stress, the critical stability behavior is similar to that of Newtonian and shear-thinning drops. Above a threshold value, characterized in terms of the drop size, surface tension and tensile yield-stress magnitude, yield-stress forces are larger than surface forces, and the maximum tensile stress achievable in the drop neck at the point of critical stability is governed by the von Mises criterion.
A Micromachined Microwave Switch Fabricated by the Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor Post-Process of Etching Silicon Dioxide

In this study, we investigate the fabrication of a micromachined microwave switch using the commercial 0.35 µm double polysilicon four metal (DPFM) complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process and the post-process of only one maskless wet etching. The post-process has merits of easy execution and low cost. The post-process uses an etchant (silox vapox III) to etch the silicon dioxide layer to release the suspended structures of the microwave switch. The microwave switch is a capacitive type that is actuated by an electrostatic force. The components of the microwave switch are coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission lines, a suspended membrane and supported springs. Experimental results show that the driving voltage of the switch is about 17 V. The switch has an insertion loss of -2.5 dB at 50 GHz and an isolation of -15 dB at 50 GHz.
A Broadband 1-Bit Single-Layer Reconfigurable Reflectarray Unit Cell Based on PIN Diode Model

Microstrip reconfigurable reflectarray antennas (RRAs) have great potential for advanced systems including satellite communications and the 6th generation (6G) wireless mobile communication networks. However, as a type of microstrip antennas, RRAs generally exhibit an intrinsic issue of narrow bandwidths. This issue is further deteriorated by complicated structures for phase shifting and DC supplying in RRAs. PIN diodes have been used in recent works to control the phases of RRA elements. However, modelling them is still costly and time consuming. In this work, a simple but novel method for modelling PIN diode SMP-1340-040 is developed by using waveguides and modified simulation approaches. Based on the obtained model, a broadband 1-bit unit cell using only one substrate is also proposed, and it achieves a simulated bandwidth of 40.6% and 33.8% for linear and circular polarizations, respectively. The experimental results show an excellent agreement with the simulation, which confirms the accuracy of the proposed PIN diode model. Moreover, the performances of the unit cell demonstrate that it can be used for designing RRAs in bands X and Ku.
Controlled synthesis of buried delta-layers of Ag nanocrystals for near-field plasmonic effects on free surfaces

We report on the shallow synthesis by low energy ion implantation of delta-layers of Ag nanocrystals in SiO2 at few nanometers under its free surface. Transmission electron microscopy observations, ballistic simulations, and reflectance measurements are coupled to define the conditions for which the synthesis is fully controlled and when, on the contrary, this control is lost. We show that low dose implantation leads to the formation of a well-defined single plane of nanocrystals, while for larger doses, sputtering and diffusion effects limit the control of the size, position, and volume amount of these nanocrystals. This paper provides the experimental evidence of the incorporated dose saturation predicted in the literature when implanting metal ions at high doses in glass matrices. Its consequences on the particle population and the plasmonic optical response of the composite layers are carefully analyzed. We show here that this saturation phenomenon is underestimated in standard simulation predictions .
FAO Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture
What it does and how it supports the livestock sector?

The Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, was initially established by FAO, in 1983, to address plant genetic resources (PGR). It became the primary permanent international forum for governments to discuss, negotiate and decide on matters specifically relevant to genetic resources for food and agriculture (GRFA). Over time, the mandate of the Commission expanded and now it deals with all sectors of GRFA, plant, animal, forest, aquatic, and microbial and invertebrates genetic resources, covering the vast scope of biodiversity for food and agriculture. The Commission also considers a number of cross-cutting topics, including food security, nutrition and human health, mitigation of and adaptation to climate change, access to genetic resources and benefit sharing (ABS); as well as digital sequence information (DSI) on GRFA and biotechnologies for the characterization, sustainable use and conservation of GRFA. The work of the Commission on animal genetic resources (AnGR) initiated in 1997, resulted in preparation of the first-ever Report on the State of the World AnGR in 2007; and led to negotiation and adoption of the Global Plan of Action for AnGR (GPA) also in 2007. The endorsement of the GPA by the FAO Conference provided for commitments at the national level. The Commission monitors progress in the implementation of the GPA and status and trends of AnGR on a regular and biennial basis. Preparation of the Second State of the World Report on AnGR in 2015, further strengthened commitment to implement the 2007 GPA. The Commission plays an important role in supporting animal breeding and the livestock sector. It was instrumental in building the knowledge base on AnGR, creating a framework for action, and supporting measures for its implementation. It has overseen important initiatives, including preparation of various technical guidelines and building global awareness of the importance of AnGR as well as the specific characteristics of the AnGR sector. The work of the Commission is helping to ensure the conservation and sustainable utilization of GRFA, the genetic base for food production, thereby contributing to food security and agriculture development.
Wave propagation in equal-mass plasmas

We study linear wave propagation in the case of equal-mass plasmas. We show that the special symmetry of such plasmas simplifies the problem and causes the disappearance of well-known phenomena such as Faraday rotation and whistler wave modes. We exploit the Symmetry of the problem to derive analytical expressions for wave propagation for various fluid models of the plasma. We also find which distribution functions will retain the symmetry properties of the fluid models.