Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INTERSTELLAR CN AND CH+ IN DIFFUSE MOLECULAR CLOUDS: 12C/13C RATIOS AND CN EXCITATION

We present very high signal-to-noise ratio absorption-line observations of CN and CH+ along 13 lines of sight through diffuse molecular clouds. The data are examined to extract precise isotopologic ratios of 12CN/13CN and 12CH+/13CH+ in order to assess predictions of diffuse cloud chemistry. Our results on 12CH+/13CH+ confirm that this ratio does not deviate from the ambient 12C/13C ratio in local interstellar clouds, as expected if the formation of CH+ involves nonthermal processes. We find that 12CN/13CN, however, can be significantly fractionated away from the ambient value. The dispersion in our sample of 12CN/13CN ratios is similar to that found in recent surveys of 12CO/13CO. For sight lines where both ratios have been determined, the 12CN/13CN ratios are generally fractionated in the opposite sense compared to 12CO/13CO. Chemical fractionation in CO results from competition between selective photodissociation and isotopic charge exchange (ICE). An inverse relationship between 12CN/13CN and 12CO/13CO follows from the coexistence of CN and CO in diffuse cloud cores. However, an ICE reaction with CN may mitigate the enhancements in 12CN/13CN for lines of sight with low 12CO/13CO ratios. For two sight lines with high values of 12CO/13CO, our results indicate that about 50% of the carbon is locked up in CO, which is consistent with the notion that these sight lines probe molecular cloud envelopes where the transition from C+ to CO is expected to occur. An analysis of CN rotational excitation yields a weighted mean value for T01(12CN) of 2.754 ± 0.002 K, which implies an excess over the temperature of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) of only 29 ± 3 mK. This modest excess eliminates the need for a local excitation mechanism beyond electron and neutral collisions. The rotational excitation temperatures in 13CN show no excess over the temperature of the CMB.
Energy-Efficient Intra-Cluster Routing Algorithm to Enhance the Coverage Time of Wireless Sensor Networks

Due to limited power supplies, the sensor nodes exhaust their energy eventually. Accordingly, data transmission mechanisms between nodes and their destinations need to be designed based on energy efficiency. Most of the existing cluster-based schemes adopt direct data transmission manner for intra-cluster communication, which leads to the unbalanced energy consumption of member nodes (MNs) and results in coverage holes in the network. Several mobile sink (MS)-based schemes focus exclusively on optimizing the sojourn locations of the MS to balance the energy consumption among sensor nodes. However, in most of them, the MS stays at only one location within a cluster which leads to the unbalanced energy consumption of MNs. Furthermore, the time limitation for balancing the energy consumption of nodes has not been considered in the previous schemes, which results in reduced network performance. In this paper, the Energy-Efficient Intra-cluster Routing (EIR) algorithm is proposed to balance the energy consumption of MNs during a limited time, which leads to enhancing the coverage time of the network. In the proposed scheme, upon arriving the MS to a cluster, the optimal sojourn locations are determined with respect to allocated sojourn time to the cluster in such a way that moving the MS along these locations leads to balancing energy consumption among MNs. Based on the simulation results, the EIR algorithm remarkably increases the network performance in terms of different performance evaluation metrics.
Extremum-Seeking for Wind Farm Power Maximization Using Sliding Mode Control

: This paper introduces a sliding-mode-based extremum-seeking algorithm aimed at gener-ating optimal set-points of wind turbines in wind farms. A distributed extremum-seeking control is directed to fully utilize the captured wind energy by taking into consideration the wake and aerodynamic properties between wind turbines. The proposed approach is a model-free algorithm. Namely, it is independent of the model selection of the wake interaction between the wind turbines. The proposed distributed scheme consists of two parts. A dynamic consensus algorithm and an extremum-seeking controller based on sliding-mode theory. The distributed consensus algorithm is exploited to estimate the value of the total power produced by a wind farm. Subsequently, sliding-mode extremum-seeking controllers are intended to cooperatively produce optimal set-points for wind turbines within the farm. Scheme performance is tested via extensive simulations under both steady and varying wind speed and directions. The presented distributed scheme is compared with a centralized approach, in which the problem can be seen as a multivariable optimization. The results show that the employed scheme is able to successfully maximize power production in wind farms.
University of Birmingham National survey of enhanced recovery after thoracic surgery practice in the United Kingdom and Ireland

Background: Evidence that Enhanced Recovery After Thoracic Surgery (ERAS) improves clinical outcomes is growing. Following the recent publications of the international ERAS guidelines in Thoracic surgery, the aim of this audit was to capture variation and perceived difficulties to ERAS implementation, thus helping its development at a national level. Methods: We designed an anonymous online survey and distributed it via email to all 36 centres that perform lung lobectomy surgery in the UK and Ireland. It included 38 closed, open and multiple-choice questions on the core elements of ERAS and took an average of 10 min to complete. Results: Eighty-two healthcare professionals from 34 out of 36 centres completed the survey; majority were completed by consultant thoracic surgeons (57%). Smoking cessation support varied and only 37% of individuals implemented the recommended period for fluid fasting; 59% screen patients for malnutrition and 60% do not give preoperative carbohydrate loading. The compliance with nerve sparing techniques when a thoracotomy is performed was poor (22%). 66% of respondents apply suction on intercostal drains and although 91% refer all lobectomies for physiotherapeutic assessment, the physiotherapy adjuncts varied across centres. Perceived barriers to implementation were staffing levels, lack of teamwork/consistency, limited resources over weekend and the reduced access to smoking cessation services. Conclusion: Centres across the UK are working to develop the ERAS pathway. This survey aids this process by providing insight into “ real life ” ERAS, increasing exposure of staff to the ESTS- ERAS recommendations and identifying barriers to implementation.
OTT_A_283617 12667..12671

1Department of Oncology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Respiratory and ICU, Guigang People’s Hospital, Guigang, 537100, People’s Republic of China; 3Clinical Research Division, Berry Oncology Corporation, Fuzhou, 350200, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, People’s Republic of China
University of Birmingham Points-based physical activity:

Background: Physical activity (PA) interventions for the promotion of weight-management may benefit from increased choice and flexibility to overcome commonly-perceived barriers to PA. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a novel “ points-based ” approach to PA on body composition in inactive women, who are overweight or obese. Methods: Seventy-six overweight or obese, inactive women were randomly allocated to one of three conditions: ‘ Points-based ’ PA (PBPA; 30 “ PA points ”(cid:129) week − 1 ), Structured exercise (StructEx; 150 min moderate-intensity exercise (cid:129) week − 1 ) or control (CONT; continue habitual inactive lifestyle) for a 24-week intervention. PA points for activities were adapted from MET values, and 30 points was equivalent to 150 min of brisk walking. Measures of body composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry) and anthropometry were obtained at weeks 0, 4, 12 and 24. Self-report activities were recorded weekly, with objective measures of PA (tri-axial accelerometry) and self-report measures of food intake obtained at weeks 0 and 24. Results: Fifty-eight women completed the study and provided data for primary outcomes. Of these, n = 41 and n = 19 provided data for food intake and objectively assessed PA. Mixed-design ANOVAs demonstrated that those in PBPA achieved a significant weight-loss at 24 weeks of − 3.3 ± 5.9 kg ( − 3.4 ± 7.1%, p = 0.004). Waist circumference was reduced in PBPA at 24 weeks ( − 2.8 ± 4.6 cm), compared with CONT (+ 2.1 ± 6.6 cm, p = 0.024). There was a trend for greater reductions in fat mass for those in PBPA
Promoting E ﬀ ect of Mn on In Situ Synthesized Cu-SSZ-13 for NH 3 -SCR

: The e ﬀ ect of Mn impregnation on the NH 3 -SCR (selective catalytic reduction of NO x by NH 3 ) activity of in situ synthesized Cu-SSZ-13 was investigated in this work. It was found that Mn addition could e ﬃ ciently improve the low-temperature activity of Cu-SSZ-13. The optimal amount of Mn was 5 wt. %, and NO x conversion was improved by more than 20% over a temperature range of 120 ◦ C to 150 ◦ C. SEM (scanning electron microscopy), XRD (X-ray di ﬀ raction), N 2 adsorption-desorption, H 2 -TPR (temperature programmed reduction of H 2 ), NH 3 -TPD (temperature programmed desorption of NH 3 ) and in situ DRIFTS (di ﬀ use reﬂectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy) experiments were conducted to investigate the changes in the zeolite structure, active sites, acid sites and reaction mechanism. The impregnated MnO x species caused a decline in the crystallinity of Cu-SSZ-13 but markedly improved the redox ability. Nitrate and nitrite species were observed in the Mn-modiﬁed Cu-SSZ-13, and the formation of these species was thought to cause the observed increase in low-temperature NH 3 -SCR activity. The results show that the addition of Mn is a promising method for promoting the low-temperature catalytic activity of Cu-SSZ-13. 20% O 2 / N 2 before the reaction. The whole reaction process conducted at 1000 ppm and 5%, respectively. The ﬁrst series of experiments were carried out to investigate the reaction between adsorbed NH 3 and gaseous NO + O 2 . Catalysts were exposed to NH 3 until saturated and then purged by N 2 to eliminate surplus NH 3 . Then, NO and O 2 were introduced, and the spectra were collected. In the second series of experiments, the reaction between adsorbed NO + O 2 and gaseous NH 3 investigated. NO and O 2 were introduced to the catalysts until saturated, after which the unabsorbed was purged by N 2 . Finally, NH 3 was introduced, and the recorded.
How does the cytoskeleton read the laws of geometry in aligning the division plane of plant cells?

between nucleus and cortex. In this way, it is suggested that unstable strands are gradually drawn into a transvacuolar baffle (the phragmosome) within which cell division occurs. Vertices are avoided by the strands because they constitute unfavoured longer paths. The demonstrable tendency of tensile strands to contact mother walls perpendicularly would seem to account for Hofmeister's and Sachs' rules involving right-angled junctions. As others have discussed, such right-angled junctions give way to co-equal 120° angles between the three walls during subsequent cell growth. It is this asynchrony of cell division - where attachment of a cell plate causes the neighbouring wall to buckle - that forms a vertex to be avoided by subsequent pre-mitotic strands in that neighbouring cell. In this way, successive division planes would not co-align. It is therefore suggested that the exceptional formation of 4-way junctions in wounded tissue results from the fact that adjacent cells divide simultaneously; the lack of pre-buckling of a common wall under these circumstances means that there is no vertex to be avoided by the minimal path mechanism.
Tracing the Domestication of a Bioﬁlm-Forming Bacterium (cid:1)

Over the course of more than a century of laboratory experimentation, Bacillus subtilis has become “domes-ticated,” losing its ability to carry out many behaviors characteristic of its wild ancestors. One such charac- teristic is the ability to form architecturally complex communities, referred to as bioﬁlms. Previous work has shown that the laboratory strain 168 forms markedly attenuated bioﬁlms compared with the wild strain NCIB3610 (3610), even after repair of a mutation in sfp (a gene involved in surfactin production) previously known to impair bioﬁlm formation. Here, we show that in addition to the sfp mutation, mutations in epsC , swrA , and degQ are necessary and sufﬁcient to explain the inability of the laboratory strain to produce robust bioﬁlms. Finally, we show that the architecture of the bioﬁlm is markedly inﬂuenced by a large plasmid present in 3610 but not 168 and that the effect of the plasmid can be attributed to a gene we designate rapP . When rapP is introduced into 168 together with wild-type alleles of sfp , epsC , swrA , and degQ , the resulting repaired laboratory strain forms bioﬁlms that are as robust as and essentially indistinguishable in architecture from those of the wild strain, 3610. Thus, domestication of B. subtilis involved the accumulation of four mutations and
Functional Gait Rehabilitation in Older Adults after a Fall With Hip Fracture: A Systematic Review

Background: There is a global raise in the rate of fall among older adult, often than not, this fall result in severe effect such as hip fracture. Despite effort to rehabilitate this age group after hip fracture, about 50% hardly regain their pre-fracture functional state thereby impairing activity of daily living and their quality of life. Aim: This review aims at evaluating the effectiveness of different strategies of rehabilitation in the promotion of functional gait recovery after hip fracture among older adults. Data Sources: Literature searches were conducted on CINAHL, MEDLINE, SportDiscus and web of science in addition to manual search. Study Selection: Studies were selected based on the inclusion criteria by two independent reviewers. Data Extraction: Data were extracted presented on a spread sheet. Thematic approach was used in analysing the findings because of the heterogeneity of the studies. Result: It was found that 12 weeks intervention as a follow up to usual care comprising of twice a week exercise regimen conducted at home and as out-patient centre each lasting 40 to 90 minutes per session was found to be a promising strategy in rehabilitation after hip fracture among older adults. The strategy was found to improve mobility, balance and muscles strength and power. Furthermore, compliance to treatment regimen was found to be improved in short term interventional studies supervised by a trained physiotherapist. Conclusion: Based on findings, it could be concluded that outcomes were improved with the interventions. However, there is need to verify this claims in relation to appropriate exercise suitable for different cultures.
Towards Engineering Complex Tissue/Organs: A Coculture Perspective

enabling coculture of multiple cell types in a same system, which permits the control over the degree of homotypic and heterotypic cellular interactions. Several different strategies have been developed to establish a spatially controlled coculture mainly through the microfabrication technologies on biomaterials as already summarized by Kaji et al. in a nice review [6]. In general, micropatterned regions are generated on biomaterial substratum and subsequently, multiple types of cells can be selectively seeded to the different regions via diverse mechanisms. In one recent extreme example, Efremov et al. developed a micropatterned superhydrophobic surface, onto which up to 20 cell types could be cocultured, offering a great capacity in exploring cell-cell interactions [7]. Moreover, coculture has also been developed in Three-Dimensional (3D) structures, mostly in hydrogel systems, which should be able to mimic the organization and complexity of in vivo tissue microenvironments. However, future optimization of these processes in both simplicity and cytocompatibility is warranted.
The Umts (Universal Mobile Telecom Standard) Physical Layer Basics,Standard,and Frontend Matters

From the Publisher: This book describes the physical layer of UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System) which is one of the five members of the IMT-2000 family of standards. It compiles in a clear fashion, the main technical features of the physical layer standard together with a description of the basics digital communications and spread spectrum technology on which UMTS relies. In addition the test cases specified in the standard are described together with their implications on any practical frontend design. The reader will benefit from the standard description which exempts him from studying lots of standardization documents. Additional explanations of the standard and especially the test cases will help to better understand the effects on any frontend system design. Many references are provided for readers interested in in-depth treatments of certain topics.
EVOLUTION OF THE COMMUNITY OF BONES OF HYPERITENSED MENOPAUSAL WOMEN IN PHOSINOPRIL THERAPY

: When the birth period is completed in the females we observe the lessening of number of chromosomes containing partial somatic cells in the female’s reproductive organ. Prior to birth, half of the follicle puddle is misplaced. Pending the females arrives at the 40 years of age, atresia sluggish, at that time the number of follicles stayed arrives at a dangerous doorstep. Again atresia becomes fast at this stage again and female developed through the reproductive aging until when no eggs in the ovary of female present more. This occurs at the average age of 51 years. We notice the less formation of B inhibin and almost no secretion of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) when only smaller numbers of ovaries are present in the female body. A large number of hormonal discharges occur on the basis of reaction towards follicles in every periodic cycle. Sometimes females face unsuitable production of follicles and sometimes normal production. These two conditions alternate simultaneously. A study named Study of Women across the Nation (SWAN) was organized to recognize the changes in the hormonal discharge of the females. This recognition was made by examining the urine of the female every day. It was observed that females of the larger ages and larger weight bearing showed less discharge of hormones. Less production of estradiol and more release of FSH was seen in the older females at the time stoppage of reproductive cycle. At the time of start of menopausal evolution less production of luteinizing hormone was also observed. Central nervous system of the female fails to react normally towards the secretion of various hormone so imbalance in the production of hormones results. Throughout the evolution we noticed the changes in every reproductive cycle, not only the ovary. Changes in the hormonal secretion of reproductive cycle indicate the perimenopause.
Fusión temprana de descriptores extraídos de mapas de prominencia multi-nivel para clasificar imágenes

En este artículo proponemos un método que permite mejorar la clasificación de imágenes en conjuntos de datos en los que la imagen contiene un único objeto. Para ello, consideramos los mapas de prominencia como si se trataran de mapas topográficos y filtramos las características del fondo de la imagen mejorando de esta forma la codificación que realiza sobre la imagen completa un modelo clásico basado en Bag of Visual Words (BoVW). En primer lugar, evaluamos seis conocidos algoritmos para la generación de mapas de prominencia y seleccionamos los métodos de GBVS y SIM al determinar que son los que retienen la mayor parte de la información del objeto. Utilizando la información de dichos mapas de prominencia eliminamos los descriptores SIFT extraídos de forma densa pertenecientes al fondo mediante el filtrado de características en base a imágenes binarias obtenidas a diversos niveles del mapa de prominencia. Realizamos el filtrado de descriptores obteniendo capas a diversos niveles del mapa de prominencia, y evaluamos la fusión temprana de los descriptores SIFT contenidos en dichas capas en cinco conjuntos de datos diferentes. Los resultados obtenidos en nuestra experimentación indican que el método propuesto mejora siempre al método de referencia cuando se combinan las dos primeras capas de GBVS o de SIM y el dataset contiene imágenes con un único objeto.
Introduction to Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Introduction to Autoimmune Bullous Diseases

Autoimmune bullous diseases are heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by intraepidermal and subepidermal bullae formation. Autoantibodies to major players of skin integrity cause devastating symptoms in autoimmune bullous diseases that may result with morbidity and even mortality in the affected patients. These group of diseases can be categorized by the level of splitting in the skin and by structural proteins that are targeted by autoantibodies. Autoimmune bullous diseases can be divided into four basic subgroups: pemphigus, pemphigoid, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita and dermatitis her- petiformis, although their different subtypes have been defined. In this chapter, the struc ture and tasks of desmosomes and basement membrane zone, which consist of the major antigens of the skin integrity targeted by autoantibodies, are examined, and the relation of target antigens and autoimmune bullous diseases is discussed.
Comparative Study of Multi-gate Nanowire Field Effect Transistor

A silicon multi-gate nanowire simulation is presented in this paper. The simulation studies are conducted based on electrical parameters such as Current-Voltage (I-V) characteristics, Mid-channel conduction band profile and mid- channel charge density profile using Nanohub Multi-gate Nanowire FET simulator. These characterization studies are performed to investigate the performance of silicon nanowire based on different gate arrangements in the device. We have simulated the silicon nanowire field effect transistors (FETs) with multiple gates such as double, tri, pi, omega and Gate-all-around gate structures using Nanohub simulation software. Effects of varying different parameters (such as Vgs and channel distance) in different devices and their effects are also presented.
A Fast and Accurate Multi−level B−Spline Approximation with Adaptive Lattice Partitioning and Subregions Transformation Methods

： Image warping is an important visual effect tool in entertainment industry and other research field. And, it is often used also for correction of distortion caused by lens. To date many warping algorithms have been proposed and used such as mesh transformation, radial basis functions, thin plate splines and B− splines (free− form deformations). In particular, the free− form deformation based on B− spline approximation is a powerful and useful morphing algo-rithm and is proven to have the one− to− one property which can prevent the transformed image from folding back upon itself. In order to minimize the transformation error, a multi−level B−spline approximation has been proposed. Though a natural and smooth morphed image can be obtained by using the multi− level B− spline approximation, it takes a large computation cost. In this paper, we proposed an adaptive lattice partitioning method to reduce the large computation cost and a subregions transformation method for enhancement of transformation accuracy. The experimental results show that the proposed methods are more efficient and accurate than conventional multi− level B− spline method.