Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Utilization Potential of Spirogyra sp. Biomass for Ethanol Production: A Study on Saccharification Optimization and High-Temperature Ethanol Fermentation

Spirogyra sp. is one of the potential feedstocks for bioethanol production, owing to its high carbohydrate and low lignin contents. However, to date, its use has scarcely been reported, particularly in high-temperature ethanol fermentation. The present study investigated the use of Spirogyra biomass as a bioethanol feedstock by optimizing the conditions for biomass saccharification, followed by ethanol fermentation via thermotolerant yeasts, i.e., Saccahromyces cerevisiae DBKKU Y-53, Kluyveromyces marxianus DBKKU Y-102, and Pichia kudriazevii RZ8-1. The optimization of the algal biomass hydrolysis using response surface methodology (RSM) showed that a maximum total sugar production of 14.75 ± 0.13 g/L was attained using 2.67% (v/v) sulfuric acid, 7.97% (w/v) of biomass loading, and 20 min of hydrolysis time. The fermentation of Spirogyra sp. hydrolysate containing 20 g/L of total sugar at 37 °C showed that S. cerevisiae DBKKU Y-53, K. marxianus DBKKU Y-102, and P. kudriazevii RZ8-1 produced 4.05 ± 0.35 g/L, 4.48 ± 0.13 g/L, and 4.47 ± 0.19 g/L of ethanol, respectively. At 40 °C, lower ethanol production of 1.07 ± 0.47 g/L, 3.93 ± 0.24 g/L, and 3.97 ± 0.19 g/L, respectively, were observed. Nevertheless, P. kudriazevii RZ8-1 exhibited a promising potential for the further development of a high-temperature ethanol fermentation process.
Formation of large metal nodules in ordinary chondrites

Literature data show that many large (2-30 mm) metallic Fe-Ni nodules in ordinary chondrites are depleted in refractory siderophiles (e.g., Re, Os, Ir, Ru, Pt, and Rh) and Cu relative to fine-grained metal but are not depleted in (normally refractory) W and Mo, common siderophiles (e.g., Ni and Co) and volatile siderophiles (e.g., Au, As, and Sb). It was recently proposed that metamorphic diffusion could form the metal nodules and that partitioning of siderophile elements between kamacite and taenite could account for the nodules' unusual compositions. However, the nodules have the same compositional trends as metal nodules and veins in shocked meteorites that clearly formed by impact-related processes. If large metal nodules formed during metamorphism, type 6 chondrites should contain abundant large nodules. Instead, the mean metal grain size in H6 chondrites is 0.12±0.15 mm, far smaller than any of the nodules. It seems likely that the metal nodules formed by impact vaporization, oxidation of W and Mo to form volatile oxides, concomitant partial oxidation of Re and Os, rapid fractional condensation of refractory siderophiles, transport of the residual vapor, condensation of Cu, S, and Se into vugs and fractures to form sulfide, and condensation of the remaining siderophiles to form metal nodules and veins. During vapor cooling and condensation (or during subsequent parent body annealing) W, Mo, Re, and Os oxides were reduced.
Navigating Cultural Desolation: Exploring T.S. Eliot's Depiction of Anxiety and Fragmentation in The Waste Land

Thomas Stearns Eliot (1888–1965), a remarkable English literary figure, is best known for the depiction of his age in his literary works. In this regard, scholars suggest that he lived and wrote in “an age of anxiety” and this very “anxiety” is often attributed to “profound transformations in human modes of life” engendered by cultural and institutional practices of modern condition. In Eliot, one can easily sense this phenomenon particularly in his early poems. These poems are said to have embodied this “anxiety” with great depth. In this regard, The Waste Land considered as one of the representative poems of modernist English literature, captures the crisis and anxiety of his age provocatively. Here, he draws the picture of a cultural waste land of post war Europe where the traditional way of life was disintegrating through the decline of traditional values, authority and order. The waste-landers of Eliot, to a large extent, suffer from loss of faith, loss of social nature of personality that created fragmentations in their lives. In this paper, through a method of analytical understanding and interpretation of the poem The Waste Land relating to its social and historical contexts, we will make an understanding of it focusing nature and extent of cultural anxiety depicted by Eliot. Thus, our study would contribute further to clarify the Eliotic understanding of cultural anxiety in the context of modernity as depicted in The Waste Land.
Geographic information science II

This second report is dedicated to the concept of ‘place’ revisited in the context of smart cities. Some recent studies suggest that today’s digital cities rely more on an approach to the urban context based on a network of connected places than on an approach to the city built on areal spaces. Does it mean that there are more places and fewer spaces in spatially enabled cities? Is the intelligence of a city mainly related to its ability to sound out the genesis of urban places? These issues raise questions about the design of spatial models used to build GIS, as well as place-based urban design methods and tools. This second report explores these questions from the standpoint of GISciences.
The Influence of Board Characteristics on Integrated Reporting Disclosure among Public Listed Companies in Malaysia

This study aims to examine the influence of the board characteristics (board size, board independence, board gender diversity, the average age of board members, and board activity level) on the extent of integrated reporting of the Public Listed Companies (PLCs) with the control for the effect of corporate characteristics (corporate size, financial performance, and leverage). The sample of this study consists of 99 corporate-year observations from 33 companies of the top 100 PLCs. Data was collected from integrated annual reports of the sample companies, which adopted integrated reporting from 2019 to 2021. The findings reveal that the average disclosure rate of integrated reports was 71%. Although board size, board independence, board gender diversity, the average age of board members, board activity level, and corporate size do not exhibit a statistically significant influence on the extent of integrated reporting, the study emphasized the significance of control variables, as financial performance and leverage showed significant negative relationships with the extent of integrated reporting. The findings offer valuable insights for PLCs and stakeholders seeking to enhance their understanding of the determinants of integrated reporting and enable them to make well-considered decisions and improve corporate transparency.
The stability of ground ice in the equatorial region of Mars

Consideration of the partial pressure of H2O in the Martian atmosphere and the range of mean annual temperatures at the Martian surface suggests that the occurrence of ground ice in equilibrium with the atmosphere is restricted to latitudes poleward of ±40°. However, there is a growing body of morphologic evidence that indicates that substantial quantities of ground ice may have been present in the equatorial regolith throughout Martian geologic time. The accepted explanation for this apparent contradiction has been that the H2O found near the equator is a relic, emplaced very early in Martian geologic history (>3.5 b.y. ago) and under substantially different climatic conditions. It is generally believed that this fossil ground ice layer has been preserved to the present day by the diffusion-limiting properties of a relatively shallow layer ( ≲10 m) of fine-grained regolith. To evaluate this hypothesis, the lifetime of a 200-m layer of ground ice, buried below 100 m of ice-free regolith, has been examined for the latitudes between ±30° on Mars. Twelve model pore size distributions, representative of silt- and clay-type soils found on Earth, were selected to simulate the pore structure of the Martian regolith. The parallel pore model of gaseous diffusion was then used to calculate the flux of escaping H2O molecules from the buried ground ice layer. The potential effects of such factors as depth of burial, the Martian geothermal gradient, regolith porosity, adsorption, surface diffusion, and climatic change were also considered. Based on our analysis, the most important factors affecting the stability of equatorial ground ice appear to be (1) soil structure, (2) the magnitude of the geothermal gradient, and (3) the climatic desorption of CO2 from the regolith. We conclude that while the conditions necessary for the long-term survival of ground ice may exist in isolated regions within the equatorial regolith, on the global scale it appears unlikely that a fossil ground ice layer has been preserved throughout Martian geologic history. If massive ground ice does presently exist in the equatorial regolith, then its presence may imply the existence of some continuous or periodic process of replenishment.
Masked Face Transformer

The COVID-19 pandemic makes wearing masks mandatory. Existing CNN-based face recognition (FR) systems suffer from severe performance degradation as masks occlude the vital facial regions. Recently, Vision Transformers have shown promising performance in various vision tasks with quadratic computation costs. Swin Transformer first proposes a successive window attention mechanism allowing the cross-window connection and more computational efficiency. Despite its potential, the deployment of Swin Transformer in masked face recognition encounters two challenges: 1) the attention range is insufficient to capture locally compatible face regions. 2) Masked face recognition can be defined as an occlusion-robust classification task with a known occlusion position, i.e., the position of the mask is minor-varying, which is overlooked but efficient in improving the model’s recognition accuracy. To alleviate the above problem, we propose a Masked Face Transformer (MFT) with Masked Face-compatible Attention (MFA). The proposed MFA 1) introduces two additional window partition configurations, e.g., row shift and column shift, to enlarge the attention range in Swin with invariant computation costs, and 2) suppresses the interaction between the masked and non-masked regions to retain their discrepancies. Additionally, as mask occlusion leads to a separation between the masked and non-masked samples of the same identity, we propose to explore the relationship between them by a ClassFormer module to enhance intra-class aggregation. Extensive experiments show that MFT outperforms state-of-the-art masked face recognition methods in both simulated and real masked face testing datasets.
Pengaruh Pemanfaatan Learning Management System Syam-Ok Terhadap Tingkat Kepuasan Dan Prestasi Belajar Mahasiswa Di Prodi Pendidikan Teknik Informatika Dan Komputer Universitas Negeri Makassar

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemanfaatan LMS SYAM-OK terhadap prestasi belajar mahasiswa PTIK UNM dengan tingkat kepuasan sebagai variabel intervening. Prestasi belajar dilihat dari nilai indeks prestasi sementara periode semester ganjil tahun ajaran 2021/2022. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Prodi PTIK UNM Angkatan 2018, 2019 dan 2020 sebanyak 676. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 233 mahasiswa. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan Teknik Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan angket dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Path Analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan hasil analisis deskriptif diperoleh pemanfaatan LMS SYAM-OK di Prodi PTIK berada pada kategori sedang yaitu dengan frekuensi mahasiswa 160 (69%) dan 66 mahasiswa dalam kategori sedang (28%) dan Tingkat kepuasan mahasiswa berdasarkan EUCS berada pada kategori puas dengan tingkat frekuensi 160 mahasiswa (69%) dan 20% berada pada kategori sangat puas dan 11% berada pada kategori tidak puas sedangkan untuk Prestasi belajar berada pada kategori Pujian dengan tingkat frekuensi 179 mahasiswa (77%) dan 54% berada pada kategori sangat Memuaskan kemudian berdasarkan hasil uji analisis jalur didapatkan 1) pemanfaatan LMS SYAM-OK terhadap tingkat kepuasan dengan nilai standardized regression weights sebesar 0,630 dan critical ratio sebesar 12,369 dan nilai probabilitas sebesar 0,000 lebih kecil dari 0,05. 2) Pemanfaatan LMS SYAM-OK terhadap prestasi belajar mahasiswa dengan nilai standardized regression weights sebesar 0,244 dan critical ratio sebesar 2,949 dan nilai probabilitas sebesar 0,003 lebih kecil dari 0,05; 3) tingkat kepuasan terhadap prestasi belajar mahasiswa dengan nilai standardized regression weights sebesar 0,232 dan critical ratio sebesar 2,807 dan nilai probabilitas sebesar 0,003 lebih kecil dari 0,05; 4) pemanfaatan learning management system SYAM-OK terhadap prestasi belajar yang dimediasi oleh tingkat kepuasan dengan nilai 0,630 x 0,244 = 0,153.
Island topography measurement methods and test with satellite remote sensing

This paper focuses on the topography measurement of island with satellite remote sensing. In this paper, remote sensing stereo images from Cartosat-1 satellite are used to survey the topographic information of island. Ground control points (GCPs) data are collected through on-site measurement. Then, some distributed GCPs are selected for remote sensing image processing. The digital elevation information (DEM) is extracted from Cartosat-1 remote sensing data by DEM extraction processing. And then, contour, slope and aspect are calculated based on DEM information. Finally, some ground control points is selected to validate the accuracy of topographic information. The results show that the accuracy of topographic information obtained 4.32m at horizontal position and 6.24m at vertical elevation accuracy.
Laboratory observation of oligomers in the aerosol from isoprene/NOx photooxidation

Compounds assigned to be oxidation products of isoprene (2‐methyl‐1,3‐butadiene) have recently been observed in ambient aerosols, suggesting that isoprene might play an important role in secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation due to its large global source strength. SOA yields from photooxidation of isoprene and NOx in a chamber agree fairly well with previous data. Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry showed the formation of high molecular weight compounds over the course of 15‐hour experiments. Concurrently, the volatility of the SOA decreased markedly as observed by a tandem differential mobility analyzer. The volume fraction remaining of SOA at 150°C increased steadily from 5 to 25% during the same experiments. These observations are attributed to oligomerization reactions occurring in the aerosol phase. Under dry conditions a lower volatility was observed.
Service Life Prediction of Concrete Against Freezing and Thawing Based on Water Absorption Results

Freezing and thawing resistance performance of concrete is a critical issue when evaluating the durability performance of concrete. This paper aims to predict the freezing and thawing resistance performance of concrete based water absorption indexes, meanwhile, five groups of experiments on porosity, short-term water absorption, long-term water absorption, MIP and pore structure scanning were respectively carried out for concrete. According to the experimental results, the important indexes such as porosity, water absorption, gas content and bubble spacing coefficient were obtained, which provided the basis for the prediction of durability and service life. The concept of equilibrium time ratio is introduced to simplify the calculation process. Based on the critical saturation theory, the service life of concrete against freezing and thawing is predicted by combining the environmental parameters and the indexes measured in experiments. The calculated results verified that the freeze-thaw durability life of air-entrained concrete is significantly increased compared with that of concrete without air-entrained concrete. In addition, a wide range of the service life was predicted for the 5 mixes, and the results could provide a guidance for selecting a proper mix design of concrete subjected to freezing and thawing.
The Pleistocene History of the Middle Thames Valley

This is a detailed geological study of a very important area to British Pleistocene geology. The Middle Thames Valley extends from Goring near Reading to Central London, and includes the largest single spread of river terrace deposits in the country. These deposits record the Thames' history over the last million years, and have been studied in detail by the author. The deposits largely comprise spreads of gravel and sand. The sedimentary environment they represent is discussed. Associated with these spreads are fossiliferous deposits including those bearing fossil pollen, plant remains, vertebrates and other groups. Several previously undiscovered sequences have been studied and the results are summarised. The vertebrate assemblages from the gravel spreads are also assessed. The deposits include the greatest concentration of Paleolithic flint handaxes in Britain. These assemblages are related to the sedimentary environments and the events reconstructed from the geological evidence. The stratigraphical sequence reconstructed by combining all the available evidence provides the first detailed geological history of the River Thames, which in turn reflects the evolution of lowland south-eastern Britain.
Compaction creep of simulated anhydrite fault gouge by pressure solution: theory v. experiments and implications for fault sealing

Abstract The sealing and healing behaviour of faults filled with anhydrite gouge, by processes such as pressure solution, is of interest in relation both to the integrity of faults cutting geological storage systems sealed by anhydrite caprocks and to seismic events that may nucleate in anhydrite-bearing sequences, such as those present in the seismogenic zone beneath the Apennines. We have developed a detailed series of kinetic models for pressure solution in anhydrite fault gouge, allowing for dissolution, diffusion and precipitation control, to estimate the time scale on which such sealing and healing effects occur. We compare the models obtained with previously reported experimental data on compaction creep rates in simulated anhydrite fault gouge, tested under wet, upper crustal conditions. The results confirm earlier indications that compaction under these conditions likely occurs by diffusion-controlled pressure solution. Applying our most rigorous model for diffusion-controlled pressure solution, constrained by the fit to the experimental data, we infer that anhydrite fault sealing will occur in a few decades at most, which is rapid compared with both CO2 storage time scales and with the recurrence interval for seismicity in the Apennines.
The shear wave velocity structure of the crust and uppermost mantle beneath Tagaytay, Philippines inferred from receiver function analysis

Depths of the partially melted zone and the Moho discontinuity are probably at 18 kilometers and 34 kilometers, respectively beneath Tagaytay seismic station, Luzon, Philippines. This conclusion is based on the shear-wave velocity structure determined in this study, which indicates the presence of a low-velocity zone and high-velocity zone at these depths. The shear wave velocity model was derived from the inversion of five receiver functions of teleseismic earthquakes recorded by the broadband seismometer at Tagaytay. However, due to the very limited information to constrain our initial model, other models with comparable waveform fit were also obtained but with deeper low velocity zone and shallower Moho.
FATORES DE INFLUÊNCIA DO PIB PER CAPITA DOS ESTADOS BRASILEIROS: UMA ANÁLISE DE PAINEL COM O USO DOS MÉTODOS PCSE E FGLS (1991-2009)

This paper aims to assess the significance of a set of economic, social and human capital variables found in the literature as influencing factors of Brazilian states´ GDP per capita between 1991 and 2009. In this regard, we estimated a panel data by the method of Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS), proposed by Parks (1967) and the method of Panel Corrected Standard Errors (PCSE), developed by Beck and Katz (1995). The FGLS and PCSE methods produced good estimates for the coefficients, being all statistically significant and with expected sign. The results corroborate the findings of the literature.
The theoretical research of voluntary beliefs

We use “voluntary” to describe actions, activities, movements, or other processes that are chosen and controlled by a person's free will to explore whether beliefs are voluntary. This paper will argue that although the involuntary nature of belief is to some extent rooted in the human biological system, a person's voluntary control can still affect the original belief system if there is science-based social intervention. So we need to invest more resources in scientific research, get everyone better educated, and get these helpful, correct ideas out in the public.
A Novel Finite-Set Sliding-Mode Model-Free Predictive Current Control for PMSM Drives Without DC-Link Voltage Sensor

Model predictive control (MPC) has attracted a lot of attention for power converters and motor drives in the last decade, owing to its merits such as explicit concept, excellent dynamic performance, and decent applicability in digital implementation. However, as a model-based method, classical MPC is heavily dependent on the system parameters of the plant under control. In this article, a novel finite-set sliding-mode model-free predictive current control (FS-SM-MFPCC) is proposed for permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) drives, which combines the theory of sliding-mode control with MPC. The proposed strategy is thoroughly model-free, irrelevant for the dc-link voltage, and computationally light. The original version of the suggested strategy suffers from two flaws: 1) poor steady-state performance and 2) existent tracking errors, which are solved by using a simple correction algorithm and an extended control set coordinating with an improved cost function, respectively. The comparatively experimental results based on a 500-W PMSM drive are given to confirm the benefits of the proposed strategy.
Distribution, stratigraphy and stratigraphic relationships of cretaceous sediments, western Raukumara Peninsula, New Zealand

Abstract Fossiliferous Cretaceous rocks in western Raukumara Peninsula occur as a narrow band along the southern margin of underlying Torlesse Supergroup greywacke rocks and beneath a cover of Tertiary rocks, or as infaulted or erosional outliers within Torlesse Supergroup. A major regional angular unconformity representing the Rangitata Orogeny and subsequent peneplanation of variable duration, separates complexly folded and faulted, mostly steeply dipping, virtually unfossiliferous, indurated greywacke rocks of Torlesse Supergroup from less indurated, open folded, fossiliferous Cretaceous shelf sediments. Cretaceous sequences commence with basal transgressive sandstone and conglomerate ranging in age from Korangan Stage (Aptian) to Haumurian Stage (Maastrichtian). Other unconforrnities, mostly local, are present in Cretaceous sequences, and a second regional unconformity occurs below a Haumurian, and locally Piripauan, transgressive succession. The geographic and stratigraphic distribution of lithofacie.