Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Undertriage of Severely Injured Trauma Patients

Introduction The American College of Surgeons (ACS) delineates trauma team activation (TTA) criteria to identify seriously injured trauma patients in the field. Patients are deemed to be severely undertriaged (SU), placing them at risk for adverse outcomes, when they do not meet TTA criteria but nonetheless sustain significant injuries (Injury Severity Score [ISS] ≥25). Objectives Delineate patient demographics, injuries, and outcomes after SU. Participants Trauma patients presenting to our ACS-verified Level 1 trauma center with ISS ≥25 were included (11/2015-03/2022). Transfers and private vehicle transports were excluded. Patients were dichotomized and compared by trauma arrival level: TTA (Appropriately Triaged, AT) vs routine consults (SU). Results Study criteria were satisfied by 1653 patients: 1375 (83%) AT and 278 (17%) SU. Severely undertriaged patients were older than AT patients (47 vs 36 years, P < .001). Severely undertriaged occurred almost exclusively following blunt trauma (96% vs 71%, P < .001). Injury Severity Score was lower following SU than AT (29 vs 32, P < .001). The most common severe injuries (Abbreviated Injury Scale score [AIS] ≥3) among the SU group were in the Chest (n = 179, 64%). Severely undertriaged patients necessitated emergent intubation (n = 34, 12%), surgery (n = 59, 21%), and angioembolization (n = 22, 8%) at high rates. Severely undertriaged mortality was n = 40, 14%. Conclusion Severely undertriaged occurred among a substantial proportion of ISS ≥25 patients, predominately following blunt trauma. Severe chest injuries were most likely to evade capture. Rates of intubation, emergent intervention, and in-hospital mortality were high after SU. Efforts should be made to identify such patients in the field as they may benefit from TTA.
The Importance of Sibling Relationships for Children in Foster Care

There are approximately 500,000 children in the foster care system in the United States of America. With exposure to chronic and cumulative trauma, they constitute a population with an increased risk of developing mental health concerns and adverse outcomes in later life, including contact with the forensic system. Legislative frameworks that have been developed to facilitate improved outcomes are outlined, although these vary between states, and the focus is often on the parental relationship. Several studies have emphasized the importance of sibling relationships and that placing siblings in the same foster home is associated with higher rates of placement stability, reunification, adoption and guardianship, and fostering positive sibling relations. The multifaceted role of the clinician in promoting recovery from trauma, enhancing resiliency, and thoughtfully prescribing and advocating for familial relationships is discussed.
Tranexamic acid in endoscopic sinus and skull base surgery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) and endoscopic skull base surgery (ESBS) approaches have revolutionized the management of sinonasal and intracranial pathology. Maintaining surgical hemostasis is essential as bleeding can obscure the visibility of the surgical field, thus increasing surgical duration, risk of complications, and procedural failure. Tranexamic acid (TXA) acts to reduce bleeding by inhibiting fibrin degradation. This review aims to assess whether TXA improves surgical field quality and reduces intraoperative blood loss compared with control.
Fitness consequences and ancestry loss in the Apennine brown bear after a simulated genetic rescue intervention

Reduction in population size, with its predicted effects on population fitness, is the most alarming anthropogenic impact on endangered species. By introducing compatible individuals, genetic rescue (GR) is a promising but debated approach for reducing the genetic load unmasked by inbreeding and for restoring the fitness of declining populations. Although GR can improve genetic diversity and fitness, it can also produce loss of ancestry, hampering local adaptation, or replace with introduced variants the unique genetic pools evolved in endemic groups. We used forward genetic simulations based on empirical genomic data to assess fitness benefits and loss of ancestry risks of GR in the Apennine brown bear (Ursus arctos marsicanus). There are approximately 50 individuals of this isolated subspecies, and they have lower genetic diversity and higher inbreeding than other European brown bears, and GR has been suggested to reduce extinction risks. We compared 10 GR scenarios in which the number and genetic characteristics of migrants varied with a non‐GR scenario of simple demographic increase due to nongenetic factors. The introduction of 5 individuals of higher fitness or lower levels of deleterious mutations than the target Apennine brown bear from a larger European brown bear population produced a rapid 10–20% increase in fitness in the subspecies and up to 22.4% loss of ancestry over 30 generations. Without a contemporary demographic increase, fitness started to decline again after a few generations. Doubling the population size without GR gradually increased fitness to a comparable level, but without losing ancestry, thus resulting in the best strategy for the Apennine brown bear conservation. Our results highlight the importance for management of endangered species of realistic forward simulations grounded in empirical whole‐genome data.
Exogenous Ketosis Improves Sleep Efficiency and Counteracts the Decline in REM Sleep after Strenuous Exercise

ABSTRACT Introduction Available evidence indicates that ketone bodies may improve sleep quality. Therefore, we determined whether ketone ester (KE) intake could counteract sleep disruptions induced by strenuous exercise. Methods Ten well-trained cyclists with good sleep quality participated in a randomized crossover design consisting of two experimental sessions each involving a morning endurance training and an evening high-intensity interval training ending 1 h before sleep, after which polysomnography was performed overnight. Postexercise and 30 min before sleeping time, subjects received either 25 g of KE (EXKE) or a placebo drink (EXCON). A third session without exercise but with placebo supplements (RCON) was added to evaluate the effect of exercise per se on sleep. Results Blood d-β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations transiently increased to ~3 mM postexercise and during the first part of the night in EXKE but not in EXCON or RCON. Exercise significantly reduced rapid eye movement sleep by 26% (P = 0.001 vs RCON) and increased wakefulness after sleep onset by 95% (P = 0.004 vs RCON). Interestingly, KE improved sleep efficiency by 3% (P = 0.040 vs EXCON) and counteracted the exercise-induced decrease in rapid eye movement sleep (P = 0.011 vs EXCON) and the increase in wakefulness after sleep onset (P = 0.009 vs EXCON). This was accompanied by a KE-induced increase in dopamine excretion (P = 0.033 vs EXCON), which plays a pivotal role in sleep regulation. In addition, exercise increased sleep spindle density by 36% (P = 0.005 vs RCON), suggesting an effect on neural plasticity processes during sleep. Conclusions These data indicate that KE ingestion improves sleep efficiency and quality after high-intensity exercise. We provide preliminary evidence that this might result from KE-induced increases in dopamine signaling.
A Herd-Foraging-Based Approach to Adaptive Coverage Path Planning in Dual Environments

Coverage path planning (CPP) is essential for robotic tasks, such as environmental monitoring and terrain surveying, which require covering all surface areas of interest. As the pioneering approach to CPP, inspired by the concept of predation risk in predator–prey relations, the predator–prey CPP (PPCPP) has the benefit of adaptively covering arbitrary bent 2-D manifolds and can handle unexpected changes in an environment, such as the sudden introduction of dynamic obstacles. However, it can only work in bounded environment and cannot handle tasks in unbounded one, e.g., search and rescue tasks where the search boundary is unknown. Sometimes, robots are required to handle both bounded and unbounded environments, i.e., dual environments, such as capturing criminals in a city. Once encountering a building, the robot enters it to cover the bounded environment, then continues to cover the unbounded one when leaving the building. Therefore, the capability of swarm robots for the coverage tasks both in bounded and unbounded environments is important. In nature, herbivores live in groups to find more food and reduce the risk of predation. Especially the juvenile ones prefer to forage near the herd to protect themselves. Inspired by the foraging behavior of animals in a herd, this article proposes an online adaptive CPP approach that enables swarm robots to handle both bounded and unbounded environments without knowing the environmental information in advance, called dual-environmental herd-foraging-based CPP (DH-CPP). It’s performance is evaluated in dual environments with stationary and dynamic obstacles of different shapes and quantity, and compared with three state-of-the-art approaches. Simulation results demonstrate that it is highly effective to handle dual environments.
The Mathematical Structure of Non-locality & Contextuality

Non-locality and contextuality are key features of quantum mechanics that distinguish it from classical physics. We aim to develop a deeper, more structural understanding of these phenomena, underpinned by robust and elegant mathematical theory with a view to providing clarity and new perspectives on conceptual and foundational issues. A general framework for logical non-locality is introduced and used to prove that ‘Hardy’s paradox’ is complete for logical non-locality in all (2, 2, l) and (2, k, 2) Bell scenarios, a consequence of which is that Bell states are the only entangled two-qubit states that are not logically non-local, and that Hardy non-locality can be witnessed with certainty in a tripartite quantum system. A number of developments of the unified sheaf-theoretic approach to non-locality and contextuality are considered, including the first application of cohomology as a tool for studying the phenomena: we find cohomological witnesses corresponding to many of the classic no-go results, and completely characterise contextuality for large families of Kochen-Specker-like models. A connection with the problem of the existence of perfect matchings in kuniform hypergraphs is explored, leading to new results on the complexity of deciding contextuality. A refinement of the sheaf-theoretic approach is found that captures partial approximations to locality/non-contextuality and can allow Bell models to be constructed from models of more general kinds which are equivalent in terms of non-locality/contextuality. Progress is made on bringing recent results on the nature of the wavefunction within the scope of the logical and sheaf-theoretic methods. Computational tools are developed for quantifying contextuality and finding generalised Bell inequalities for any measurement scenario which complement the research programme. This also leads to a proof that local ontological models with ‘negative probabilities’ generate the no-signalling polytopes for all Bell scenarios.
The present and future of blood virome in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients

Purpose of review Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allogeneic HCT) is a highly effective therapy for a broad range of hematological diseases and its use is increasing worldwide. Despite advances in antiviral prophylaxis and treatment, viral infections are still one of the leading causes of post-HCT morbidity and mortality. In this patient population, metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) revealed a much larger diversity of viruses than previously suspected via the targeted screening approach. In the context of profound immunosuppression, these viral infections may cause transient viremia or protracted replication and potentially be associated with yet unrecognized or unspecific clinical manifestations. On the contrary, by constantly interacting with the immune system, viral infections may have a significant impact on posttransplant outcomes. Here, we review the latest advances in research assessing the role of the blood virome in the development of post-HCT complications. Recent findings Research efforts are under way to uncover the potential role of several previously undetected viruses in the development of allogeneic HCT complications and their impact on transplant outcomes. Summary The identification of viral actors impacting post-HCT morbidity and survival is key to optimize monitoring and infection prevention/treatment strategies.
Accurate and robust iterative pose estimation from line correspondences

The methods for pose estimation problem from 2D to 3D feature correspondences are mainly based on point correspondences.However,it is advantageous to compute pose from line correspondences.From a novel point of view based on the Euclidean space,we presented an iterative algorithm for solving pose estimation problem by using line correspondences.The main idea is that,firstly the best rotation matrix is iteratively computed,and then the translation vector is obtained.For different groups of line correspondences,we presented different methods for getting an initial guess.Synthetic experimental data show the proposed algorithm is less sensitive to initialization,accurate and robust.
Phylogenomic analyses provide insights into primate evolution

Comparative analysis of primate genomes within a phylogenetic context is essential for understanding the evolution of human genetic architecture and primate diversity. We present such a study of 50 primate species spanning 38 genera and 14 families, including 27 genomes first reported here, with many from previously less well represented groups, the New World monkeys and the Strepsirrhini. Our analyses reveal heterogeneous rates of genomic rearrangement and gene evolution across primate lineages. Thousands of genes under positive selection in different lineages play roles in the nervous, skeletal, and digestive systems and may have contributed to primate innovations and adaptations. Our study reveals that many key genomic innovations occurred in the Simiiformes ancestral node and may have had an impact on the adaptive radiation of the Simiiformes and human evolution. Description
Improving glass nanostructure fabrication

A new method offers high-resolution three-dimensional printing and low-temperature firing Ceramics, glass ceramics, and glasses have a combination of properties that no other classes of materials (polymers and metals) display. For example, they have high chemical durability, hardness, bending strength, electrical resistivity, and transparency (for glasses). However, they are conventionally produced by sintering (consolidation of powder compacts by heating below melting point) or by high-temperature processing leading to a melt that is shaped and cooled to form a solid object. These forming processes require high temperatures and are limited by the minimum feature size achievable in a component. On page 960 of this issue, Bauer et al. (1) report that a photocurable polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) liquid precursor blended with a suitable acrylic oligomer and a photoinitiator allows the fabrication of highly transparent silica glass nano- and microstructures with high resolution using two-photon polymerization (TPP) followed by firing at low temperature.
Building Okinawan Lexicon Resource for Language Reclamation/Revitalization and Natural Language Processing Tasks such as Universal Dependencies Treebanking

The Open Multilingual Online Lexicon of Okinawan (OMOLO) project aims to create an accessible, user-friendly digital lexicon for the endangered Okinawan language using digital humanities tools and methodologies. The multilingual web application, available in Japanese, English, Portuguese, and Spanish, will benefit language learners, researchers, and the Okinawan community in Japan and diaspora countries such as the U.S., Brazil, and Peru. The project also lays the foundation for an Okinawan UD Treebank, which will support computational analysis and the development of language technology tools such as parsers, machine translation systems, and speech recognition software. The OMOLO project demonstrates the potential of computational linguistics in preserving and revitalizing endangered languages and can serve as a blueprint for similar initiatives.
Minimum Wage Effects on Job Attachment: A Gender Perspective

Abstract We examine whether the effects of the introduction of a minimum wage on low-pay employment duration in Germany in 2015 are heterogeneous by gender. In order to disentangle the effects on women and men, we estimate a duration model with unobserved heterogeneity in which we allow gender differences and differences before and after the introduction of the minimum wage. We find that the reform does affect women and men differently, in particular, it mainly increases men’s job attachment. These gender differences in job attachment are the strongest for full-time employment. In consequence, although the minimum wage may have been set up as a gender-neutral instrument, in an indirect way, it affects women and men differently. We discuss different mechanisms that could account for our result and carry out several robustness checks.
Democratizing Policy Action in India

to ensure a thriving human economy and to close opportunity gaps that lead to social fragmentation. A human economy is one in which the thoughts, actions, and lives of people are valued above everything else. When people thrive and are able to live up to their full potential as workers, creators, and engaged citizens, the economy and society benefit greatly. Against a backdrop of the emerging and persistent challenges the world is currently facing, reforms to achieve resilient growth go beyond mere structural transformation. They call for using a multi-level and multi-stakeholder approach to build an environment that enables the transition to an economy that is human-centric, socially inclusive, and environment friendly. To live up to this ideal, India needs reforms that include significant investments in infrastructure, sustainability, and education. So what should today’s citizens expect from policy reforms in India? The mantra for today’s rapidly developing India is “Everyone’s Partnership, Everyone’s Prosperity, and Everyone’s Trust. ” This is a call to action for the citizenry to shape future reforms. It is the active democratization of the policy space in India, a process that began much before the rise of human economy. Contrary to popular belief, the DEMOCRATIZING POLICY ACTION IN INDIA
3-D gravity and magnetic inversion for physical properties using stochastic subspaces

Focused on the existing difficulties and problems in 3-D inversion for physical properties,the paper brings forward stochastic subspace methodology for 3-D inversion for physical properties.Firstly,it computes separately and saves the geometric trellis which keeps unchanged during forward simulation and inversion to avoid repetitive computation so as to increase the speed of forward simulation and inversion computation.Secondly,it uses symmetry to realize equivalent computation,which distinctly lowers the requirement of trellis computation and storage.And thirdly with stochastic subspace inversion method it reduces the number of dimensions of inversion.In addition,it controls the distribution of the subspaces generated through probability method to realize the new mechanism of constraint.The computations of model and field data demonstrate the effect of the methodology which is hopeful to be of practicality-oriented 3-D inversion for physical properties of large scale gravity and magnetic data and meets the requirement of explanation of 3-D inversion.
Neurophysiology of Reciprocal Influence of Cognition and Emotion in Pianistic Performances

Piano performance is a complex domain that involves the integration of various skills, including motor, perceptual, cognitive, and emotional abilities. However, research in neuroscience and music cognitive psychology suggests that this integration of distinct abilities may not occur spontaneously, and there may be a mutual attenuation relationship between cognition and emotion. An investigation comparing piano performances focusing attention on cognitive or affective aspects revealed a reciprocal inhibitory influence between them. Analysis of specific musical features, performance mistakes, and comments demonstrated more expressiveness features, as well as inhibition of executive skills and motor control in the piano execution with attention focusing on emotional aspects. In contrast, attention to cognitive aspects of the performances constrained both automatism and expressiveness. In this study, we used fMRI to investigate neural systems concerning cognition and emotion reciprocal modulation in piano performances. Comparing brain activity between performances in cognitive minus affective conditions indicated greater activity in the central executive network (CEN), pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA), supplementary motor area (SMA), language, and visual areas. The contrast of affective minus cognitive condition demonstrated greater activity in the anterior medial prefrontal cortex and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). The results support the notion of dual meta-systems relying on explicit and implicit neural circuits, respectively, and corroborate the existence of cognitive and emotional reciprocal attenuation influence in pianistic performances.
INTRA- AND INTER-HOST EVOLUTION OF HUMAN NOROVIRUS IN HEALTHY ADULTS

Background Human noroviruses are a leading cause of acute and sporadic gastroenteritis worldwide. The evolution of human noroviruses in immunocompromised persons has been evaluated in many studies. Much less is known about the evolutionary dynamics of human norovirus in healthy adults. Methods We used sequential samples collected from a controlled human infection study with GI.1/Norwalk/US/68 virus to evaluate intra- and inter-host evolution of a human norovirus in healthy adults. Up to 12 samples from day 1 to day 56 post-challenge were sequenced using a norovirus-specific capture probe method. Results Complete genomes were assembled, even in samples that were below the limit of detection of standard RT-qPCR assays, up to 28 days post-challenge. Analysis of 123 complete genomes showed changes in the GI.1 genome in all persons, but there were no conserved changes across all persons. Single nucleotide variants resulting in non-synonymous amino acid changes were observed in all proteins, with the capsid VP1 and nonstructural protein NS3 having the largest numbers of changes. Conclusions These data highlight the potential of a new capture-based sequencing approach to assemble human norovirus genomes with high sensitivity and demonstrate limited conserved immune pressure-driven evolution of GI.1 virus in healthy adults.