Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Boundary-Respecting Confidence Interval Method for a General Effect Size Measure in Paired Experiments

The most general form of analysis in paired experiments investigates whether within-pair differences are stochastically positive, and the most natural measure of stochastic positivity is θ, the expected sign of Walsh averages, with values in [−1, + 1]. The estimate of this effect size measure is asymptotically equivalent to the generalized Wilcoxon signed rank test statistic. Its non null variance can be estimated, leading to formulation of Wald confidence intervals, but to find more accurate score-type, boundary-respecting intervals, some conceptual and technical difficulties must be overcome. This is achieved firstly by a transformation result stating that any continuous stochastically positive variable D can be transformed by a smooth odd function g so that g(D) and g(−D) come from a symmetric location shift model. In turn, this allows the rank method assumption that observed differences have a symmetric distribution. The further assumption that this is from an extended logistic family, covering a wide range of shapes ranging from heavy to light tailed, along with some accurate functional approximations, enables a simple iterative method to be developed for confidence intervals for the effect size measure θ. Simulation studies show that the proposed method performs better than other existing confidence interval methods.
Filling the Third Circle with Interdisciplinary Lesson Planning: A Case Study of Pre-Service Teachers

The three-circle model of agricultural education focuses on the importance of in-class instruction, supervised agricultural experiences, and FFA involvement. The agricultural communications career pathway is available to students through agricultural communications supervised agricultural experiences (SAE) programs and career development events within FFA. However, specific curriculum that teaches agricultural communications in the classroom is not readily available. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to examine the interdisciplinary lesson planning and integration process of pre-service teachers with focus on opportunities and limitations to teaching communication in the agriculture, food, and natural resources (AFNR) curriculum. In this case study, four pre-service teachers worked with agricultural communications faculty to develop communication curricula and lesson plans to be incorporated into high school AFNR classrooms. These pre-service teachers developed interdisciplinary lessons prior to student teaching and, when appropriate, used these lessons in their classrooms. While current research regarding teaching science in the AFNR curriculum is ongoing, the literature is silent regarding teaching social sciences such as communication in the AFNR curriculum. These pre-service teachers want more opportunities to develop interdisciplinary lessons. They believe teaching communication skills while tying them to the content area can improve student knowledge, retention, and engagement in the learning process while exposing them to the agricultural communications career pathway.
Mindfulness Training as Stress Prevention for Guidance and Counseling Teachers During a Pandemic

The purpose of this service activity is to improve the competence of guidance and counseling teachers through group counseling training with mindfulness training. The method used in this service is the method of reflection, group discussion, and simulation. The target to be achieved from the BK teacher is a change in attitude or behavior in developing self-potential to carry out and conduct training for yourself as well as application to counselees on various problems, such as stress with mindfulness training. The results of these activities participants felt a significant impact on themselves both physically, such as feeling less tired, headaches and psychologically feeling comfortable, relieved, and calm.
Calibration and Validation of Remotely Sensed Observations of Ocean Color from a Moored Data Buoy

Abstract Satellite remote sensing of ocean color has the potential to map global surface phytoplankton concentrations at rates of up to once per day, providing wide-area data on a number of fundamental ocean processes relating to biological production, air–sea exchange of biogenic greenhouse gases, climate change, and living resources. There remain a number of problems in the technique, including the possible decline of satellite-sensor sensitivity over time and the difficulty of correcting for light detected by the satellite sensor that originated from the atmosphere. To overcome these problems, the new generation of ocean-color sensors must be coupled with an extensive calibration and validation program. In this study, the authors report on progress to develop a methodology to measure water-leaving radiance and incident irradiance from a moored buoy in order to effect vicarious calibration and validation of ocean-color satellite data at a rate of up to twice daily. The Plymouth Marine Bio-Optical Data B.
The language of wine reviews

ABSTRACT Expert wine reviewers have a niche skill set, with a particular lexicon, that facilitates their evaluation of wines. Novice consumers may find wine reviews intimidating and confusing. In this paper, we use a dataset of nearly 130,000 reviews from expert reviewers at Wine Enthusiast to explore the lexical dimension of wine reviews and determine to what extent reviewers systematically use language differently across various wine price points. Trends reveal that the information needed to make informed wine purchases are provided through the language of wine reviews. Our analysis shows that wine selection does not require a technical understanding of the wine-specific vocabulary of wine experts. We present a review of the literature on wine reviews and form four hypotheses under the theoretical framework of Kahneman’s two systems of thought—suggesting the linguistic properties of wine reviews reveal the price of wine. We examine how the lexical categories; emotional and logical linguistic content; social; and somatic experiences used in wine reviews relate to price. We then suggest the applicability of this analysis to other commodity domains in future research.
An Improved Algorithm of Human Skin Detection in Video Image Based on Linear Combination of 2-order Markov and Wiener Predictor

Human skin color distribution is relatively compact in a color space. That skin pixels in each frame are closed together as a ¿dot cloud¿ is hypothesized, the shape evolution of ¿dot cloud¿ in the color space from frame to frame is parameterized as translation, scaling and rotation. The linear combination of forecasts, which is consisted of 2-order Markov predictor and Wiener one step predictor, is proposed instead of single predictor to predict these parameters for the next frame which is to be segmented, and human skin biological feature is then adopted to remove camouflage noise. Extensive tests prove that this algorithm is quite sensitive to human color, and more accurate for human skin segmentation with Bayes classifier.
Bardi arguments: Referentiality, agreement and omission in Bardi discourse

The Bardi language of Northwestern Australia exhibits complex interactions between morphology, syntax, and discourse structure. In this paper I examine the interplay between constituent order, the marking of argument functions through verbal agreement, and the role of bound nominal omission. The findings presented here have implications for the Pronominal Argument Hypothesis and analysis of bound argument markers as “pronominal”.
Constructions of Antithetical Parallelisms in Zuo's Commentary

By applying such ways as statistical analysis,comparative study,illustration,the author tries to show the unique features of the antithetical parallelism in Zuo's Commentary,a classic devoted to render an interpretation of the Spring and Autunm Annals(Chunqiu),with a view to providing a special perspective for an appreciation of language features in this classic.
Sufficiency and Necessity for the Identifiability of An Important Type of Ancillary Information in A Causal Model

Much of epidemiological and social science research is devoted to estimation of causal effect.Generally,the causal effect is not identifiable without any constraint which is called the ancillary information in this paper.First the definition of the identifiability for the ancillary information is proposed and then sufficient and necessary conditions for the identifiability of an important type of ancillary information are discussed.Finally,the results are expanded to a more common case.
Analytical Study on Femtosecond Laser Ablation of Aluminum Nitride Ceramics

This paper analytically investigates the ablation of aluminum nitride ceramics irradiated by femtosecond laser. There is now a growing interest in laser micromachining using pulses of ultrashort duration. Among its advantage is the possibility machining hard and brittle materials that can be easily damaged by conventional drilling and cutting procedures. Femtosecond laser micromachining of ceramics can produce nanoscale patterns due to the laser pulse duration shorter than the relaxation time of heat transport among phonons. Laser ceramics ablation possesses another feature, which includes the phase transition from solid to vapor without melting, the strong dependence of the thermophysical parameters and the volumetric absorption. The thermal process of femtosecond laser ceramic ablation is modeled by the heat conduction equation considering material evaporation. The predicted ablation depth per pulse is compared with the available experimental data and the effects of parameters on the ablated shape of aluminum nitride ceramics are also presented.
Ultracold Polar KRb Molecules in Optical Lattices

Date The final copy of this thesis has been examined by the signatories, and we find that both the content and the form meet acceptable presentation standards of scholarly work in the above mentioned discipline. The creation of a gas of ultracold polar molecules with a high phase space density brings new possibilities beyond experiments with ultracold atomic gases. In particular, long-range, anisotropic, and tunable dipole-dipole interactions open the way for novel quantum gases, with applications including strongly correlated many-body systems, and ultracold chemistry. This thesis will present the final steps to complete control over both internal and external degrees of freedom of the molecule which allows us to control, and even completely suppress, the chemical reactions between molecules. First, the control over internal states has been achieved through coherent state transfer to the ro-vibronic ground state and coherent manipulations of the hyperfine and rotational states with microwave radiation. Second, external degrees of freedom are controlled by loading the gas into an optical lattice. With the molecules loaded into a one-dimensional lattice, the orientation of the molecular collisions is controlled by manipulating both internal (hyperfine states) and external (motional states in the direction of tight confinement) degrees of freedom. Most striking is that by preparing the molecules all in the lowest band of the lattice in the same internal state, the molecular collisions can only occur in a " side-by-side " orientation, where the chemical reaction rate is suppressed by the repulsive dipole-dipole interactions. The chemical reaction can be suppressed completely by further constraining the motion in the trap in a strong 3D lattice. Here we see lifetimes longer than 20 s, limited by off-resonant light scattering. Finally, the ac polarizability of the molecules is explored and controlled. The different rotational states of the molecule have different polarizabilities and will experience a different trapping force in both the optical dipole trap or lattice. We show that there is a " magic angle " between the quantization axis and the polarization of the trapping laser at which the polarizabilities of two different rotational states can be matched, eliminating dephasing and allowing for coherent manipulations between rotational iv states. Dedication To my family. I started this adventure with my wife Marisa and we are finishing it with three beautiful children: Cameron, Liesel, and Ivy. Thank you for all your understanding and support. vi Acknowledgements One of the many fantastic things about working …
Illumination compensation based on multi-level wavelet decomposition for face recognition

The appearance of face will vary dramatically when the illumination changes,which makes face recognition even more challengeable.In this paper,an illumination compensation method by means of multi-level wavelet decomposition and spline interpolation is proposed to reduce the effect of illumination variation on face recognition.The light variation in an image can be modeled as additive noise and multiplicative noise.The additive noise,called background,can be estimated and eliminated by multi-level wavelet decomposition followed by spline interpolation;the multiplicative one,called gain,can be done in the similar way in the logarithm domain.Experimental results on Yale B face database show that the proposed method achieves 2%~11% recognition rate,higher than that of the others.It can effectively adjust the facial images under varying illumination conditions,as well as improve the recognition rate and robustness of face recognition.
OPTIMAL LOG-SOBOLEV INEQUALITY AND HYPERCONTRACTIVITY FOR POSITIVE SEMIGROUPS ON $M_2({\mathbb C})$

We study positivity and contractivity properties for semigroups on , compute the optimal log-Sobolev constant and prove hypercontractivity for the class of positive semigroups leaving invariant both subspaces generated by the Pauli matrices σ0, σ3 and σ1, σ2. The optimal log-Sobolev constant turns out to be bigger than the usual one arising in several commutative and noncommutative contexts when the semigroup acts on the off-diagonal matrices faster than on diagonal matrices. These results are applied to the semigroup of the Wigner–Weisskopf atom.
The impact of remote consultations on the quality of primary care: A systematic review

Background: The adoption of remote consultations, catalysed by the COVID-19 pandemic, has transformed the delivery of primary care services. We evaluated the impact of remote consultations on the quality of primary care. Methods: Six databases were searched. Studies evaluating the impact of remote consultations, for any disease, were included. Title and abstract screening, and full-text screening were performed by two pairs of investigators. Risk of bias was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. A narrative synthesis of the results was performed. Findings: Thirty studies (5,469,333 participants) were included in the review. Remote consultations generally had a positive or equivalent impact compared to face-to-face (F2F) consultations, particularly in reducing patient costs and improving time efficiency. The effectiveness of remote consultations was non-inferior to F2F care in six out of seven studies evaluating this aspect. Two studies found that remote consultations reduced wait times for appointments. Younger, female patients were more likely to use remote consultations and those of lower socioeconomic status were less likely to use video consultations than telephone appointments. The impacts on safety and patient-centeredness were largely inconclusive. Interpretation: Remote consultations may be equally as effective as F2F care and have a potentially positive impact on the efficiency and timeliness of care. Those of lower socioeconomic status were more likely to use consultations delivered via telephone than videoconference. Developing a strong evidence-base capitalising on real-world data as well as clinical trials is crucial for the future development of remote consultations and tailoring them to patient needs and preferences.
Three-Dimensional Buoyancy- and Shear-Induced Local Structure of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer

Abstract Three-dimensional visualization together with statistical measures are used to describe the instantaneous local structure of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) under various stability states using large-eddy simulation (LES) data. To explore the relative roles of buoyancy and shear in ABL structure, a wide range of −zi/L ABL states, from 0.44 to 730, is analyzed. It is known that buoyancy-induced updrafts and downdrafts are primarily responsible for the upward flux of momentum, heat, and passive scalar, and strongly influence near-ground horizontal motions. These buoyancy-induced features of the convective boundary layer (CBL) are presented here in clearly observable 3D visual images of vertical velocity and temperature, showing large turbulent cell-like structure several zi in horizontal extent. The horizontal length scales of the temperature field near the ground are found to be of the order of the horizontal velocity length scales. It is noted by comparing visual structure with spectra that .
Viscoelastic attenuation, anisotropy, and AVO

The classical interpretation relating Amplitude Versus Offset (AVO) to Poisson’s ratio and other petrophysical properties is based on the assumptions of elasticity and isotropy. We extend this interpretation to a layered medium with anisotropic and/or viscoelastic properties, using a Fourier Pseudo‐Spectral method to solve the wave equation. Both viscoelasticity and anisotropy are key factors for the quantitative interpretation of AVO trends, because they contribute to the seismic energy partition at geological interfaces (the reflection coefficients), and because they continually induce propagation effects. We show that: 1) Reflection coefficients at an interface are strongly dependent on the elastic anisotropy of both the overlying and the underlying media. The AVO effect is further complicated by materials with viscoelastic properties. 2) Propagation effects are due to elastic anisotropic energy focusing and viscoelastic dissipation that distort the energy and phase distribution of the incident and ref.
2D photonic crystal logic gates based on self-collimated effect

Four kinds of logic gates are proposed using interference between the self-collimated beams in photonic crystals, namely NOT, OR, AND and XOR gates, which can be used in the design of photonic integrated circuits. The radius of the splitter and the optical path difference between splitters are adjusted to produce certain phase difference between the reflected and transmitted beams, which may interfere constructively or destructively to realize logical operation. They have high contrast ratios and low power consumption, the extinction ratio between logic 1 and logic 0 for NOT and AND gates can reach 24.7 dB, 30 dB and 12.6 dB for the wavelength used by optical communication (1550 nm), respectively, which makes it potentially applicable for photonic integrated circuits.
Impact of recess etching and surface treatments on ohmic contacts regrown by molecular-beam epitaxy for AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors

Ohmic contacts fabricated by regrowth of n+ GaN are favorable alternatives to metal-stack-based alloyed contacts in GaN-based high electron mobility transistors. In this paper, the influence of reactive ion dry etching prior to regrowth on the contact resistance in AlGaN/GaN devices is discussed. We demonstrate that the dry etch conditions modify the surface band bending, dangling bond density, and the sidewall depletion width, which influences the contact resistance of regrown contacts. The impact of chemical surface treatments performed prior to regrowth is also investigated. The sensitivity of the contact resistance to the surface treatments is found to depend upon the dangling bond density of the sidewall facets exposed after dry etching. A theoretical model has been developed in order to explain the observed trends.
The Effect of Trimethoprim on Thiamine Absorption: A Transporter‐Mediated Drug‐Nutrient Interaction

Trimethoprim is predicted to inhibit several thiamine transporters, including the primary thiamine intestinal absorptive transporter, ThTR‐2, and the hepatic and renal organic cation transporters, OCT1, OCT2, and MATEs. To investigate the effect of trimethoprim on thiamine absorption, studies were conducted in cells, mice, and healthy volunteers and supported by use of real‐world data. In a randomized, crossover clinical study, seven healthy volunteers were given a single oral dose of thiamine or thiamine plus trimethoprim, followed by blood sampling. The thiamine area under the curve (AUC) increased with trimethoprim co‐administration (P value = 0.031). Similar results were seen in mice. Trimethoprim appeared to act on thiamine absorption through inhibition of hepatic OCT1 as evidenced from its ability to modulate levels of isobutyrylcarnitine and propionylcarnitine, OCT1 biomarkers identified from metabolomic analyses. Real‐world data further supported this finding, showing an association between trimethoprim use and higher levels of triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, and total cholesterol, consistent with OCT1 inhibition (P values: 2.2 × 10−16, 5.75 × 10−7, and 5.82 × 10−7, respectively). These findings suggest that trimethoprim increases plasma levels of thiamine by inhibiting hepatic OCT1. Trimethoprim reduced urinary excretion and clearance of biomarkers for OCT2 and MATEs, consistent with inhibition of renal organic cation transporters. This inhibition did not appear to play a role in the observed increases in thiamine levels. This study highlights the potential for drug‐nutrient interactions involving transporters, in addition to transporters' established role in drug–drug interactions.
Cooperation of TGF‐β and FGF signalling pathways in skin development

The skin is a multi‐layered structure composed of the epidermis, dermis and hypodermis. The epidermis originates entirely from the ectoderm, whereas the dermis originates from various germ layers depending on its anatomical location; thus, there are different developmental patterns of the skin. Although the regulatory mechanisms of epidermal formation are well understood, mechanisms regulating dermis development are not clear owing to the complex origin. It has been shown that several morphogenetic pathways regulate dermis development. Of these, transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling pathways are the main modulators regulating skin cell induction, fate decision, migration and differentiation. Recently, the successful generation of human skin by modulating TGF‐β and FGF signals further demonstrated the irreplaceable roles of these pathways in skin regeneration. This review provides evidence of the role of TGF‐β and FGF signalling pathways in the development of different skin layers, especially the disparate dermis of different body regions. This review also provides new perspectives on the distinct developmental patterns of skin and explores new ideas for clinical applications in the future.