Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Ice on Shoulder Proprioception in Badminton Athletes

This study aims to analyze the influence of the application of cryotherapy on shoulder proprioception in badminton athletes. Thirty federated badminton athletes were included in this study, all of whom belonged to three of the teams currently competing in national competitions (Portugal). Their mean ages were 21.00 ± 5.60 years, and their experience in the modality was 8.40 ± 6.93 years. They practiced in an average of 2.93 ± 1.26 training sessions per week. All of them used their right hand to hold the racket. Each participant’s dominant shoulder joint position and force senses were evaluated for four consecutive time points through the isokinetic dynamometer Biodex System 3. The experimental procedure consisted of applying ice for 15 min and the control procedure consisted of no therapeutic intervention. The proprioception outcomes were expressed using the absolute error, relative error, and variable error. All statistical analysis was performed using PASW Statistics 18 software (IBM-SPSS Statistics). There were no statistically significant changes in the joint position and force senses after the intervention, as well as during the subsequent 30 min. We conclude that, after this cryotherapy technique, there is no increased risk of injury associated with a proprioception deficit that prevents athletes from immediately returning to badminton practice.
TOWARDS AN INTEGRATED DESIGN OF RANKED ORDER AND MEDIAN FILTER FOR 2-D IMAGES

Two elegant algorithms for median filtering and rank order filtering of 2-D images are presented here. A modified approach to compute the median of medians yields a robust hardware for image filtering. An entirely new algorithm for generalised rank order filtering for image processing utilising triangulation approach has been proposed. Both the algorithms have been successfully tested on 2-D image. The ASIC processors for both the algorithms have been designed using CAD tool ORCAD and hardware simulation results are presented. Interfaces of the filtering hardware with a host system along with an approach towards an integrated chip design have been suggested.
Editorial: Radiotheranostics: From basic research to clinical application

COPYRIGHT © 2023 Gareev and Shevtsov. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Editorial: Radiotheranostics: From basic research to clinical application
A variable coefficient Korteweg–de Vries equation: Similarity analysis and exact solution. II

A Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation with time‐dependent coefficients is studied in this paper. The similarity transformation for this system is investigated and an exact solution in a particular case is obtained. The Ablowitz–Ramani–Segur (ARS) conjecture is used to identify the integrability of the system. It is found that in some special cases the system may be integrable.
The elongated shape of a dielectric drop deformed by a strong electric field

A dielectric drop is suspended within a dielectric liquid and is exposed to a uniform electric field. Due to polarization forces, the drop deforms from its initial spherical shape, becoming prolate in the field direction. At strong electric fields, the drop elongates significantly, becoming long and slender. For moderate ratios of the permittivities of the drop and surrounding liquid, the drop ends remain rounded. The slender limit was originally analysed by Sherwood (J. Phys. A, vol. 24, 1991, p. 4047) using a singularity representation of the electric field. Here, we revisit it using matched asymptotic expansions. The electric field within the drop is continued into a comparable solution in the ‘inner’ region, at the drop cross-sectional scale, which is itself matched into the singularity representation in the ‘outer’ region, at the drop longitudinal scale. The expansion parameter of the problem is the elongated drop slenderness. In contrast to familiar slender-body analysis, this parameter is not provided by the problem formulation, and must be found throughout the course of the solution. The drop aspect-ratio scaling, with the 6/7-power of the electric field, is identical to that found by Sherwood (J. Phys. A, vol. 24, 1991, p. 4047). The predicted drop shape is compared with the boundary-integral solutions of Sherwood (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 188, 1988, p. 133). While the agreement is better than that found by Sherwood (J. Phys. A, vol. 24, 1991, p. 4047), the weak logarithmic decay of the error terms still hinders an accurate calculation. We obtain the leading-order correction to the drop shape, improving the asymptotic approximation.
Application of an immersed boundary method to flow in cerebral aneurysms and porous media

We present the development and application of an immersed boundary (IB) method for the simulation of incompressible flow inside and around complex geometrical shapes and cavities. The IB method is based on a volume-penalization method that is applied throughout the domain, rendering the velocity in stationary solid parts negligibly small, while the flow in the open parts of the domain is governed by the Navier-Stokes equations. The flow solver is based on a skew-symmetric finite-volume discretization in combination with explicit time-stepping for the convective and viscous fluxes, and implicit time-stepping for the IB forcing term. The complex geometry is characterized in terms of a so-called ‘masking function’ which equals unity in the solid parts and zero in the open parts of the domain. The focus is on the accuracy with which gradients of the solution close to solid walls can be approximated using the IB methodology. We investigate this for flow through a model of an aneurysm as may develop in the circle of Willis in a human brain, and to flow in a structured porous medium composed of a regular spatial arrangement of square rods. The shear stress acting on the vessel walls in case of flow through an aneurysm and the permeability of the porous material were analyzed. The computational method converges as a first order method for Poiseuille flow, with a considerable influence derived from the precise definition of the masking function near solid-fluid interfaces. We identify the best masking function strategy and show that for plane Poiseuille flow even second order convergence may be obtained. Qualitatively reliable results are obtained already at modest resolutions of 8-16 grid cells across a characteristic opening in the flow domain, e.g., the vessel diameter or the size of the gap between individual square rods.
Classification of Evaluation Measurement Taken Predicted Scores into Account

Classifying performance evaluation is one of open problems in data mining and machine learning fields. We note that nearly all the existing evaluation measures ignore the predicted probabilities which are greatly significant in the process of classifiers’ evaluation. In this paper, we construct a weighted confusion matrix to reflect the information on predicted probabilities. In addition, based on the weighted confusion matrix, traditional evaluation measures, such as accuracy, precision, recall, F-measure, are redefined to taking predicted probabilities into account. Finally, properties of the re-written evaluation measures are investigated. Experimental results show that the re-defined evaluation measures are superior to traditional ones in terms of discrimination.
Deep learning-based methods in structural reliability analysis: a review

One of the most significant and growing research fields in mechanical and civil engineering is structural reliability analysis (SRA). A reliable and precise SRA usually has to deal with complicated and numerically expensive problems. Artificial intelligence-based, and specifically, Deep learning-based (DL) methods, have been applied to the SRA problems to reduce the computational cost and to improve the accuracy of reliability estimation as well. This article reviews the recent advances in using DL models in SRA problems. The review includes the most common categories of DL-based methods used in SRA. More specifically, the application of supervised methods, unsupervised methods, and hybrid DL methods in SRA are explained. In this paper, the supervised methods for SRA are categorized as multi-layer perceptron, convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural networks, long short-term memory, Bidirectional LSTM and gated recurrent units. For the unsupervised methods, we have investigated methods such as generative adversarial network, autoencoders, self-organizing map, restricted Boltzmann machine, and deep belief network. We have made a comprehensive survey of these methods in SRA. Aiming towards an efficient SRA, DL-based methods applied for approximating the limit state function with first/second order reliability methods, Monte Carlo simulation (MCS), or MCS with importance sampling. Accordingly, the current paper focuses on the structure of different DL-based models and the applications of each DL method in various SRA problems. This survey helps researchers in mechanical and civil engineering, especially those who are engaged with structural and reliability analysis or dealing with quality assurance problems.
Large-eddy simulations of a single-species solid rocket booster jet

This paper presents the results of large-eddy simulations of a solid rocket booster jet. An inert gas thermodynamically equivalent to the rocket exhaust is injected through the entire nozzle of the booster in the atmosphere at flight conditions of 20 km of altitude. A local time-stepping method via coupling multi-instances of a fluid solver is used to extend the computational domain up to 400 nozzle exit diameters. The mean flow and the turbulence statistics of the resulting supersonic coflowing jet are analyzed. The structure of the flow is identified, and important features show good agreement with other studies. In particular, the potential core length is consistent with previous analysis, whereas in the far field, the decay rate of axial velocity and the jet spreading rate are consistent with those of incompressible coflowing jets. Reynolds stresses profiles and turbulence scales, evaluated via two-point velocity correlations, are coherent with available data from high-speed jets. This study proves th.
Editorial: New challenges in animal welfare

COPYRIGHT © 2023 Muiño, Hernández, Benedito and Castillo. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Editorial: New challenges in animal welfare
MAC Constructions: Security Bounds and Distinguishing Attacks

We provide a simple and improved security analysis of PMAC, a Parallelizable MAC (Message Authentication Code) defined over arbitrary messages. A similar kind of result was shown by Bellare, Pietrzak and Rogaway at Crypto 2005, where they have provided an improved bound for CBC (Cipher Block Chaining) MAC, which was introduced by Bellare, Killan and Rogaway at Crypto 1994. Our analysis idea is much more simpler to understand and is borrowed from the work by Nandi for proving Indistinguishability at Indocrypt 2005 and work by Bernstein. It shows that the advantage for any distinguishing attack for n–bit PMAC based on a random function is bounded by O( 2n ), where σ is the total number of blocks in all q queries made by the attacker. In the original paper by Black and Rogaway at Eurocrypt 2002 where PMAC was introduced, the bound is O( 2 2n ). We also compute the collision probability of CBC MAC for suitably chosen messages. We show that the probability is Ω(`q/N) where ` is the number of message blocks, N is the size of the domain and q is the total number of queries. For random oracles the probability is O(q/N). This improved collision probability will help us to have an efficient distinguishing attack and MAC-forgery attack. We also show that the collision probability for PMAC is Ω(q/N) (strictly greater than the birthday bound). We have used a purely combinatorial approach to obtain this bound. Similar analysis can be made for other CBC MAC extensions like XCBC, TMAC and OMAC.
Sequential design for response curve estimation

The problem of sequential design for a nonparametric regression with binary data is considered. The aim of the statistical analysis is the estimation of a quantal response curve p. An adaptive method is developed that proposes the location of the next best design point on the basis of past observations. The behavior of this estimator is discussed and its small sample properties are investigated using a simulation study.
Priming asymmetry persists in German-English-French trilinguals: the sense model modified for the trilingual mental lexicon

ABSTRACT The present study examined within – and cross-language priming patterns among German-English-French trilinguals in order to explore the lexico-semantic representation of L3 in relation to L1 and L2. The trilinguals participated in three lexical decision tasks within the masked translation priming paradigm. The results showed significant within-language repetition priming effects in all three languages, significant translation priming effects for L2-L1, L1-L3, and L2-L3, but no significant priming for L1-L2, L3-L1 or L3-L2. Our findings demonstrate that translation priming asymmetry persists in trilinguals and that the weakest L3 is integrated into both L1 and L2 conceptually (i.e. three languages have a commonly shared conceptual representation). In addition, our results showed a language dominance shift over lexical development between L1 and L2. We argue for a modified Sense Model as the best fit to explain the cognitive architecture of the trilingual lexicon.
Genetic Risk Scores and Missing Heritability in Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancers are curable by surgical resection when discovered early. Unfortunately, most ovarian cancers are diagnosed in the later stages. One strategy to identify early ovarian tumors is to screen women who have the highest risk. This opinion article summarizes the accuracy of different methods used to assess the risk of developing ovarian cancer, including family history, BRCA genetic tests, and polygenic risk scores. The accuracy of these is compared to the maximum theoretical accuracy, revealing a substantial gap. We suggest that this gap, or missing heritability, could be caused by epistatic interactions between genes. An alternative approach to computing genetic risk scores, using chromosomal-scale length variation should incorporate epistatic interactions. Future research in this area should focus on this and other alternative methods of characterizing genomes.
Comparison between 24-hour diet recall and 24-hour urine collection for estimating sodium and potassium intakes and their ratio among Korean adults

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES This study aimed to compare 24-h diet recall (DR) and 24-h urine collection (UC) for estimating sodium and potassium intakes and their ratio (Na/K), identifying factors associated with sodium and potassium intakes and Na/K, and identifying those who were likely to underestimate sodium and potassium intakes by DR. SUBJECTS/METHODS A total of 640 healthy adults aged 19–69 yrs completed a questionnaire survey, salty taste assessment, anthropometric measurement, two 24-h DRs, and two 24-h UCs. RESULTS The mean sodium and potassium intakes and Na/K were 3,755 mg/d, 2,737 mg/d, and 1.45 according to DR, and 4,145 mg/d, 2,812 mg/d, and 1.57 according to UC, with percentage differences of −9.4%, −2.7%, and −7.6% in the values between the two methods, respectively. Men, older adults, smokers, obese individuals, those who consumed all the liquid in the soup, and those who were found to be salty in the salty taste assessment consumed significantly more sodium; older adults, the heavy- activity group, and obese individuals consumed more potassium; and men, younger adults, smokers, and obese individuals had a significantly higher Na/K, according to UC. Compared with UC, DR was more likely to underestimate sodium intake in older adults, smokers, obese individuals, those who consumed all the liquid in the soup, and those who consumed eating-out/delivery food at least once a day, and potassium intake in older adults, the heavy-activity group, and obese individuals. CONCLUSIONS The mean sodium and potassium intakes and Na/K estimated by DR were comparable to those measured by UC. However, the association of sodium and potassium intakes with sociodemographic and health-related factors showed inconsistent results when estimated by DR and UC. Factors influencing the underestimation of sodium intake by DR compared to UC should be further investigated.
Minimum Detectable Power of a Pyroelectric Thermal Receiver

For a ferroelectric crystal, the rate of change of polarization with temperature is large, especially close to the Curie point where a phase transition occurs. Thus, a change of polarization due to an incident radiation flux gives rise to a large pyroelectric voltage output. The ``minimum detectable power'' Wm is calculated. For barium titanate, the value of Wm thus obtained is found to be much better than other uncooled thermal receivers and comparable with a superconducting bolometer, if dielectric noise at the transition is small. In certain cases, Wm is limited only by temperature noise, so that the receiver may be thought of as a true thermal receiver.
Effect of rheological heterogeneities on the lithospheric deformation of the Tibetan Plateau and neighbouring regions

The Tibetan Plateau, induced by the India-Eurasian collision, has the highest average altitude in the world. During its uplift vertically, the Tibetan Plateau has been considered to expand laterally. However, there are several strong and almost non-deformable cratons on its periphery, such as the Tarim, North China craton, and South China block. The present landform features show that these cratons limit the expansion of the Tibetan Plateau. However, there is still much controversy over whether the deformation can be transmitted to periphery orogens or reactivate ancient orogens in the cratons. This study used numerical models to investigate the effect of rheological heterogeneities on the lithospheric deformation of the Tibetan Plateau and its neighbouring regions. The results show that the lateral heterogeneities of the lithosphere have an important influence on the deformation or strain partitioning. Generally, during the lateral expansion of the Tibetan Plateau, its peripheral cratons can transmit the deformation or high strain to neighbouring weak orogens. This case can be used to understand the Tian Shan orogen, which was reactivated by the India-Eurasian collision. However, when the orogens inside the cratons have high lithospheric strength, high strain is difficult to distribute on them and the expanding Tibetan Plateau is constrained by its peripheral cratons. These results can be used to explain the ancient orogens that are not strongly deformed, such as the Jiangnan orogen in the South China block. Because these orogens formed at the same time as the cratons and have relatively high lithospheric strength. In addition, the large lithospheric thickness difference and low crustal rheological contrast favor high strain rates localized on the lithosphere of the ancient orogen in the craton, such as the Trans-North China orogen in the North China craton.
Molecular dynamics simulation of the inverted temperature gradient phenomenon

A molecular dynamics simulation of the temperature profile between two liquid surfaces kept at slightly different temperatures, with evaporation from the hot surface and condensation on the cold surface, is presented. The more than 30 years old theoretical prediction of an inverted temperature gradient by gas–kinetic calculations has still not been proven experimentally. However, the inverted temperature gradient phenomenon is observed in the molecular dynamics simulation and the temperature profile agrees well with gas–kinetic theory. It should be stressed that the liquid is also simulated in molecular dynamics; distribution functions at the interfaces have not been specified as is necessary in kinetic theory calculations.
Over 60% Optical-to-Optical Conversion Efficiency Linearly Polarized Single-Frequency Fiber Laser Based on Yb: YAG Crystal-Derived Silica Fiber

Silica optical fiber derived from yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) crystals is an excellent high-gain fiber due to their high rare earth ions doping concentration. It offers a new opportunity of addressing the constraints on optical-to-optical conversion efficiency and output power in silica gain fiber-based linearly polarized single-frequency fiber lasers (LPSFFLs). Here, we fabricated a 6.57 wt. % Yb: YAG crystal-derived silica fiber (YCDSF) with a gain coefficient of 6.0 dB/cm at 1030 nm. Using a 0.8-cm-long YCDSF, a stable LPSFFL has been constructed, having an output power of over 350 mW and an optical-to-optical conversion efficiency as high as 63.0%. Among the similar YCDSF-based SFFLs, it has the highest output power and the largest conversion efficiency, to the best of our knowledge. By controlling the polarization state in the cavity, the optimum performances of the laser were accomplished with a relative intensity noise of <−143.5 dB/Hz, and a polarization extinction ratio of >21 dB. The approach presented here could be applicable to other RE: YAG crystal-derived silica fibers-based LPSFFLs operating at different wavelengths, paving the way for their applications in areas such as industrial processing, bioanalytic, metrology, and precision detection.
An improved mpc algorithm for norm-bounded uncertain linear systems

A novel robust predictive control algorithm is presented for input-saturated uncertain discrete-time linear systems described by structured norm-bounded uncertainties. The solution is based on the minimization, at each time instant, of a LMI convex optimiza- tion problem obtained by a recursive use of the S-procedure. Spe- cific features of this scheme are that is based on "closed-loop" predictions and that the ellipsoidal terminal constraint can, op- tionally. be updated on-line. The general case of N free control moves is presented. Stability and feasibility are proved and com- parisons with robust multi-model (polytopic) MPC algorithms are reported.
Finite Element Analysis of the Scanning Laser Line Source Technique

A scanning laser line source (SLLS) technique is simulated numerically using a finite element method in this study, and changes in amplitude and frequency content have been observed for ultrasound signals generated by laser scanning over a large aluminum block containing a small surface notch. The laser generation of surface acoustic waves with the frequency range from 4 to 15 MHz in an elastic material is modeled using a thermoelastic model for finite element analysis, where a transient heat source is employed to represent a pulsed laser source. The experimentally observed SLLS amplitude and spectral signatures are shown to be captured very well by this model. In addition, the possibility of utilizing the SLLS technique to size surface notches that are sub-wavelength in depth is explored.