Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimal short term hydro scheduling including security constraints

A method is presented for short-term production scheduling in a hydro system. The solution technique is based on iterative network linear programming and heuristic techniques. The method handles security constraints due to single branch and specified multiple contingencies. The postcontingency rescheduling capabilities are modeled explicitly in a DC optimal load flow. Using the rescheduling capabilities increases the transmission network utilization. >
Describing the Human Operator's Internal Model of a Dynamic System

An analysis of phase-plane switching loci was used to infer the human operator's internal model of a dynamic system he was attempting to control. Striking differences were found between the internal model and the actual dynamic system, and the internal model exhibited orderly changes with practice. The difficulties involved in incorporating a non-veridical internal model into optimal control models of the human operator are discussed.
Gain‐assisted metamaterial embedded with gain elements

In this letter, an active metamaterial sample embedded with miniature monolithic microwave amplifiers is designed, experimentally realized, and measured. Experiments show that by proper design and direct current (DC) bias, the metamaterial sample provides almost linear amplification to an electromagnetic incidence, which can be used to compensate the loss inherent in traditional passive metamaterial and magnify the signal entered the metamaterial. This property would have important potentials in promoting the further researches of metamaterial‐based applications. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 92–95, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24871
Multi-diode cascade VCSEL with 130% differential quantum efficiency at CW room temperature operation

The room temperature, continuous-wave (CW) operation of a fabricated multi-diode cascade vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser at 980 nm wavelength, with a differential quantum efficiency exceeding unity, is demonstrated for the first time. A maximum wallplug efficiency of 16%, is obtained at a driving current of three times the threshold.
Ghost infarct core following endovascular reperfusion: A risk for computed tomography perfusion misguided selection in stroke

Background Computed tomography perfusion (CTP) has been increasingly used for patient selection in mechanical thrombectomy for stroke. However, previous studies suggested that CTP might overestimate the infarct size. The term ghost infarct core (GIC) has been used to describe an overestimation of the final infarct volumes by pre-treatment CTP of >10 ml. Aim We sought to study the frequency and predictors of GIC. Methods A prospectively collected mechanical thrombectomy database at a comprehensive stroke center between September 2010 and August 2020 was reviewed. Patients were included if they had a successful reperfusion (mTICI2b-3), a pre-procedure CTP, and final infarct volume measured on follow-up magnetic resonance imaging. Uni- and multivariable analyses were performed to identify predictors of GIC. Results Among 923 eligible patients (median [IQR] age, 64 [55–75] years; NIHSS, 16 [11–21]; onset to reperfusion time, 436.5 [286–744.5] min), GIC was identified in 77 (8.3%) of the overall patients and in 14% (47/335) of those reperfused within 6 h of symptom onset. The median overestimation volume was 23.2 [16.4–38.3] mL. GIC was associated with higher NIHSS score, larger areas of infarct core and tissue at risk on CTP, unfavorable collateral scores, and shorter times from onset to image acquisition and to reperfusion as compared to non-GIC. Patients with GIC had smaller median final infarct volumes (10.7 vs. 27.1 ml, p < 0.001), higher chances of functional independence (76.2% vs. 55.5%, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 3.829, 95% CI [1.505–9.737], p = 0.005), lower disability (one-point-mRS improvement, aOR 1.761, 95% CI [1.044–2.981], p = 0.03), and lower mortality (6.3% vs. 15%, aOR 0.119, 95% CI [0.014–0.984], p = 0.048) at 90 days. On multivariable analysis, time from onset to reperfusion ≤6 h (OR 3.184, 95% CI [1.743–5.815], p < 0.001), poor collaterals (OR 2.688, 95% CI [1.466–4.931], p = 0.001), and higher NIHSS score (OR 1.060, 95% CI [1.010–1.113], p = 0.018) were independent predictors of GIC. Conclusion GIC is a relatively common entity, particularly in patients with poor collateral status, higher baseline NIHSS score, and early presentation, and is associated with more favorable outcomes. Patients should not be excluded from reperfusion therapies on the sole basis of CTP findings, especially in the early window.
Infertility and same‐sex attraction in women

A polygyny hypothesis of female sexual fluidity proposes that women may have been evolutionarily selected to be sexually fluid, in order to have occasional sex with their cowives in polygynous marriage to reduce tension and conflict inherent in such marriage, while at the same time reproducing children with their husbands. Among others, the hypothesis predicts that women who are biologically (but not surgically) infertile would experience greater same‐sex attraction. Biological infertility stems from natural, evolutionarily familiar causes such as menopause, whereas surgical infertility stems from artificial, evolutionarily novel causes such as tubal ligation or hysterectomy. Consistent with the prediction, the analyses of the National Survey of Family Growth data showed that biological infertility, but not surgical infertility, was significantly associated with same‐sex self‐identified labels, behavior and sexual attraction in women. Biological infertility nearly doubled the odds of women having engaged in same‐sex behavior and the number of same‐sex partners in the last 12 months and nearly tripled the number of same‐sex partners in life. In sharp contrast, biological infertility was not associated (and surgical infertility was significantly negatively associated) with same‐sex attraction in men.
Genetic diversity and disease: The past, present, and future of an old idea

Why do infectious diseases erupt in some host populations and not others? This question has spawned independent fields of research in evolution, ecology, public health, agriculture, and conservation. In the search for environmental and genetic factors that predict variation in parasitism, one hypothesis stands out for its generality and longevity: genetically homogeneous host populations are more likely to experience severe parasitism than genetically diverse populations. In this perspective piece, I draw on overlapping ideas from evolutionary biology, agriculture, and conservation to capture the far‐reaching implications of the link between genetic diversity and disease. I first summarize the development of this hypothesis and the results of experimental tests. Given the convincing support for the protective effect of genetic diversity, I then address the following questions: (1) Where has this idea been put to use, in a basic and applied sense, and how can we better use genetic diversity to limit disease spread? (2) What new hypotheses does the established disease‐diversity relationship compel us to test? I conclude that monitoring, preserving, and augmenting genetic diversity is one of our most promising evolutionarily informed strategies for buffering wild, domesticated, and human populations against future outbreaks.
De novo PBX1 variant in a patient with glaucoma, kidney anomalies, and developmental delay: An expansion of the CAKUTHED phenotype

An infant was referred for evaluation of congenital glaucoma and corneal clouding. In addition, he had a pelvic kidney, hypotonia, patent ductus arteriosus, abnormal pinnae, and developmental delay. Exome sequencing identified a previously unpublished de novo single nucleotide insertion in PBX1 c.400dupG (NM_002585.3), predicted to cause a frameshift resulting in a truncated protein with loss of function (p.Ala134Glyfs*65). Identification of this loss of function variant supports the diagnosis of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract syndrome with or without hearing loss, abnormal ears, or developmental delay (CAKUTHED). Here, we propose glaucoma as an extra‐renal manifestation associated with PBX1‐related disease due to the relationship of PBX1 with MEIS1, MEIS2, and FOXC1 transcription factors associated with eye development.
Outcomes of septic cirrhosis patients admitted to the intensive care unit

Abstract The aim of this study is to examine the outcome of septic patients with cirrhosis admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and predictors of mortality. Single center, retrospective cohort study. The study was conducted in Intensive care Department of King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Data was extracted from a prospectively collected ICU database managed by a full time data collector. All patients with an admission diagnosis of sepsis according to the sepsis-3 definition were included from 2002 to 2017. Patients were categorized into 2 groups based on the presence or absence of cirrhosis. The primary outcome of the study was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included ICU mortality, ICU and hospital lengths of stay and mechanical ventilation duration. A total of 7906 patients were admitted to the ICU with sepsis during the study period, of whom 497 (6.29%) patients had cirrhosis. 64.78% of cirrhotic patients died during their hospital stay compared to 31.54% of non-cirrhotic. On multivariate analysis, cirrhosis patients were at greater odds of dying within their hospital stay as compared to non-cirrhosis patients (Odds ratio {OR} 2.53; 95% confidence interval {CI} 2.04 – 3.15) independent of co-morbidities, organ dysfunction or hemodynamic status. Among cirrhosis patients, elevated international normalization ratio (INR) (OR 1.69; 95% CI 1.29-2.23), hemodialysis (OR 3.09; 95% CI 1.76-5.42) and mechanical ventilation (OR 2.61; 95% CI 1.60–4.28) were the independent predictors of mortality. Septic cirrhosis patients admitted to the intensive care unit have greater odds of dying during their hospital stay. Among septic cirrhosis patients, elevated INR and the need for hemodialysis and mechanical ventilation were associated with increased mortality.
Pericranial Total Tenderness Score in Patients with Tension-type Headache and Migraine. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND Increased pericranial tenderness is considered to be a typical characteristic of tension-type headache (TTH). Assessment of pericranial tenderness in TTH using the total tenderness score is recommended by the International Classification of Headache Disorders-3 (ICHD-3). However, to what extent pericranial tenderness differs between patients with TTH or migraine and healthy patients is unknown. OBJECTIVE To assess the presence and differences in total tenderness score between patients with TTH or migraine, and healthy patients. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS A literature search was performed in Pubmed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Google Scholar databases from inception to August 14, 2020 and identified 4,197 hits. Two independent reviewers selected the studies, extracted data, and performed a risk of bias assessment according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Overall evidence was assessed according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. From the 185 papers identified, 15 case-control and 2 cross-sectional studies were included. RESULTS In total 1,200 (327 men, 873 women) patients with TTH or migraine were included in the systematic review. In the meta-analysis, 15 studies were analyzed and showed that the total tenderness score is higher in people with episodic TTH (standardized mean difference [SMD] 0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.63 to 1.19), chronic TTH (SMD 1.57; 95% CI 1.24 to 1.91) and migraine (SMD 1.27; 95% CI: 0.91to 1.63) compared to healthy patients. LIMITATIONS The description and performance of the total tenderness score differed across the studies. In 7 studies, patients were included with coexisting types of headache. CONCLUSION We found moderate quality evidence for higher tenderness in chronic TTH and migraine, and low quality evidence for higher tenderness in episodic TTH compared to healthy patients. Pericranial tenderness is a common finding in patients with headache and healthy patients. These findings apply for a critical evaluation of the total tenderness score in the current ICHD-3 classification of TTH.
Damage Detection Method for Pear Based on Computer Vision

During the process of pear damage detection based on computer vision, there are many noise in image acquisition. For a long time, rapid detection equipment cannot be utilized to identify pear damage. To solve this problem, a method of identifying damage pear is studied. This paper proposes a method for pear damage identification based on geometric features. First, with morphological method to remove the noise of pearimage to obtain the best edge detection method and best threshold suitable to the pear damage, so as to detect the damaged edge of the image. The experimental results show that this method can effectively identify the damaged pear. Compared with conventional edge detection method, the recognition accuracy has been significantly improved, and solve the long-standing problem of automatic identification and improve the detection efficiency of pear damage.
A supervised machine learning semantic segmentation approach for detecting artifacts in plethysmography signals from wearables

Objective. Wearable devices equipped with plethysmography (PPG) sensors provided a low-cost, long-term solution to early diagnosis and continuous screening of heart conditions. However PPG signals collected from such devices often suffer from corruption caused by artifacts. The objective of this study is to develop an effective supervised algorithm to locate the regions of artifacts within PPG signals. Approach. We treat artifact detection as a 1D segmentation problem. We solve it via a novel combination of an active-contour-based loss and an adapted U-Net architecture. The proposed algorithm was trained on the PPG DaLiA training set, and further evaluated on the PPG DaLiA testing set, WESAD dataset and TROIKA dataset. Main results. We evaluated with the DICE score, a well-established metric for segmentation accuracy evaluation in the field of computer vision. The proposed method outperforms baseline methods on all three datasets by a large margin (≈7 percentage points above the next best method). On the PPG DaLiA testing set, WESAD dataset and TROIKA dataset, the proposed method achieved 0.8734 ± 0.0018, 0.9114 ± 0.0033 and 0.8050 ± 0.0116 respectively. The next best method only achieved 0.8068 ± 0.0014, 0.8446 ± 0.0013 and 0.7247 ± 0.0050. Significance. The proposed method is able to pinpoint exact locations of artifacts with high precision; in the past, we had only a binary classification of whether a PPG signal has good or poor quality. This more nuanced information will be critical to further inform the design of algorithms to detect cardiac arrhythmia.
Exploration into the impact of CEO and CIO shared knowledgeon firm performance.

This thesis explores the relationship between shared knowledge of senior executives and organizational performance. The senior executives in question in this work are the CEO and CIO. The work in this thesis is considered to be exploratory due to the use of some new scales to measure constructs and the new format of use for previously established scales. The hopes of this research are primarily to create enough evidence, through correlation evaluation, to generate further research in the stream using similar or the same concepts. Further, the method used to establish correlation was non-parametric, Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient, primarily due to the exploratory sized sample and secondly due to its ability to show the degree or correlation between variables. Results of the statistical analysis are that overall the sample relied primarily on separate function to perform the strategic activities of capability identification, governance and environmental analysis, yet only environmental analysis was the only function where higher degrees of shared knowledge had no effect on firm performance.
How can hospitals change practice to better implement smoking cessation interventions? A systematic review

Smoking cessation reduces the risk of death, improves recovery, and reduces the risk of hospital readmission. Evidence and policy support hospital admission as an ideal time to deliver smoking‐cessation interventions. However, this is not well implemented in practice. In this systematic review, the authors summarize the literature on smoking‐cessation implementation strategies and evaluate their success to guide the implementation of best‐practice smoking interventions into hospital settings. The CINAHL Complete, Embase, MEDLINE Complete, and PsycInfo databases were searched using terms associated with the following topics: smoking cessation, hospitals, and implementation. In total, 14,287 original records were identified and screened, resulting in 63 eligible articles from 56 studies. Data were extracted on the study characteristics, implementation strategies, and implementation outcomes. Implementation outcomes were guided by Proctor and colleagues' framework and included acceptability, adoption, appropriateness, cost, feasibility, fidelity, penetration, and sustainability. The findings demonstrate that studies predominantly focused on the training of staff to achieve implementation. Brief implementation approaches using a small number of implementation strategies were less successful and poorly sustained compared with well resourced and multicomponent approaches. Although brief implementation approaches may be viewed as advantageous because they are less resource‐intensive, their capacity to change practice in a sustained way lacks evidence. Attempts to change clinician behavior or introduce new models of care are challenging in a short time frame, and implementation efforts should be designed for long‐term success. There is a need to embrace strategic, well planned implementation approaches to embed smoking‐cessation interventions into hospitals and to reap and sustain the benefits for people who smoke.
Localized oxide degradation in ultrathin gate dielectric and its statistical analysis

Conventional oxide reliability studies determine oxide lifetime by measuring the time to breakdown or quasi-breakdown (QB). In ultrathin gate oxides with T/sub ox/<14 /spl Aring/, however, it is hard to observe breakdown or QB under typical stress conditions. Instead, the gate leakage current shows a continuous increase over the entire time period of electrical stress. As the magnitude of the gate current density increase eventually becomes too high to be acceptable for normal device operation, a lifetime criterion based on the increase in gate leakage current is proposed. Our paper also shows that the area-dependence of the gate leakage current density increase in 13.4 /spl Aring/ oxides is different from that in thicker oxide films, indicating a localized and discrete property of the leakage current. It has also been observed that the oxide lifetime based on the new lifetime criterion is shorter when the gate area is smaller, as opposed to the conventional area dependence of time-to-breakdown test. A simple model consisting of multiple degraded spots is proposed and it has been shown that localized gate leakage current can be described by Weibull's statistics for multiple degraded spots.
MLGNR INTERCONNECTS WITH FINFET DRIVER: OPTIMIZED DELAY AND POWER PERFORMANCE FOR TECHNOLOGY BEYOND 16NM

Multi- layer graphene nanoribbon is emerging as a potential candidate for deep-nanometer interconnects due to its superior conductivity and current carrying capabilities. MLGNR showed superior performance over SLGNR for global interconnects. Also multi-gate devices such as FinFETs are the most promising building blocks in sub-micron technology. This paper combines these recent technologies of interconnects and devices and provides the analysis of delay and power performance of the combination. The driver-interconnect- load (DIL) system engaging FinFET driver with MLGNR interconnect is used for analyzing the performance.
SURVEY OF WATER USE IN THE CALIFORNIA FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY

Recent droughts in California and increased awareness of pollution from processing plants has renewed the interest in water management in the food industry. To assess the opportunities for improved water management, a survey of water use within the food processing industry in California was conducted. The survey included mailing a questionnaire to 453 food processing plants. The requested information included quantity and cost of fresh water supply and wastewater disposal, seasonal water use pattern, commodity specific statistics for quantity and quality of water use, and treatment plant rates. A total of 71 plants responded to the survey. Responses from product groups were, fruit and vegetable (52), wine and beverages (9), seafood (4), meat (3), dairy (2), and oils (1). The total water use by the responding industries was 12 billion gallons per year. The total cost was $ 18 million of which 23% was for fresh water supply and 77% was for wastewater disposal. There were 5 plants spending over one million dollars for water annually. More than half of the plants spent over $1000 per million gallons of water while 15 plants exceeded $5000 per million gallons of water. At these costs, membrane treatment of wastewater for reuse becomes an attractive alternative. Cost of freshwater supply and wastewater disposal varied widely among plants. Specific water consumption rates of tomato, peach, olive and wine industries were found to be 890, 2830,7250, and 1320 gallons per ton of raw materials processed. The variation within each sector was high. These water consumption rates were significantly lower than the rates reported in earlier surveys.
OTUB1 regulates lung development, adult lung tissue homeostasis, and respiratory control

OTUB1 is one of the most highly expressed deubiquitinases, counter‐regulating the two most abundant ubiquitin chain types. OTUB1 expression is linked to the development and progression of lung cancer and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in humans. However, the physiological function of OTUB1 is unknown. Here, we show that constitutive whole‐body Otub1 deletion in mice leads to perinatal lethality by asphyxiation. Analysis of (single‐cell) RNA sequencing and proteome data demonstrated that OTUB1 is expressed in all lung cell types with a particularly high expression during late‐stage lung development (E16.5, E18.5). At E18.5, the lungs of animals with Otub1 deletion presented with increased cell proliferation that decreased saccular air space and prevented inhalation. Flow cytometry‐based analysis of E18.5 lung tissue revealed that Otub1 deletion increased proliferation of major lung parenchymal and mesenchymal/other non‐hematopoietic cell types. Adult mice with conditional whole‐body Otub1 deletion (wbOtub1del/del) also displayed increased lung cell proliferation in addition to hyperventilation and failure to adapt the respiratory pattern to hypoxia. On the molecular level, Otub1 deletion enhanced mTOR signaling in embryonic and adult lung tissues. Based on these results, we propose that OTUB1 is a negative regulator of mTOR signaling with essential functions for lung cell proliferation, lung development, adult lung tissue homeostasis, and respiratory regulation.