Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application of The Health Belief Model on The Intention To Stop Smoking Behavior Among Smokers In Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia

Vol. 12, No. 10, 2022, Pg. 693 Abstract The goal of this article is to look at the factors associated with smokers' intentions to quit smoking in Kuala Terengganu. This study utilized a Health Belief Model (HBM) to examine the relationship between independent variables (perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefit, and perceived barriers) and smokers' intention to stop smoking. A survey instrument was created to collect data from Kuala Terengganu inhabitants using the convenience sampling technique. The minimum sample size of the study is 84 samples since the study has 4 predictors. However, this study successfully managed to obtain 162 respondents in the final data collection. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 was used to combine and analyze the data that had been collected as well as to come out with the findings of the study. This study revealed that perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, and perceived benefits were found to have moderate relationship effects on the intention to quit smoking. Meanwhile perceived barriers were observed to have weak relationship effects on the intention to quit smoking. This will have a long-term impact on society and future generations. The campaign against the dangers of smoking can also be successful with the help of school-based initiatives. It is vital to underline the detrimental effects of smoking through images and films. The dangers linked with tobacco use should be covered in school learning texts based on the age of the students. Our findings emphasize the need of acquiring health information, regardless of cancer-related negative health attitudes, while attempting to quit smoking. The outcomes of our investigation have immediate policy and practice consequences. Policymakers and practitioners must figure out the best strategy to encourage smokers to seek smoking-related information. Such measures will aid in the achievement and maintenance of smoking cessation.
Analysis of the Effect of the Communication Ability of Nurses in Outpatient Infusion Room on the Treatment Experience of Patients and Their Families

Objective To observe the effect of nursing communication ability in outpatient infusion room on the treatment experience of outpatients and their families and analyze whether improving nurses' communication skills can reduce the incidence of doctor-patient disputes. Methods According to the results of the communication ability survey, the outpatient nurses in our hospital are divided into groups A (score < 65), B (65 ≤ score < 80), C (80 ≤ score < 95), and D (score ≥ 95). Taking outpatients and their families in our hospital from September 2019 to December 2020 as the research objects, they were divided into corresponding groups according to the nurses who served them. Finally, there were 73 cases in group A, 85 in group B, 92 in group C, and 65 in group D. The mental toughness scale (Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale Chinese (CD-RISC)) scores and Herth Hope Index (HHI) scores of the four groups of patients were compared, and the correlation between nurse communication scores and CD-RISC scores and HHI scores was analyzed. The incidence of negative events (patient-nurse disputes, complaints, etc.) and the results of nursing satisfaction surveys during the visits of the four study groups were also counted. Results The four groups of CD-RISC and HHI total scores were ranked from highest to lowest as groups D, C, B, and A, respectively (P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between the resilience dimension scores of the family members' CD-RISC and the toughness, strength, optimism dimension scores of the HHI and the nurses' communication dimension scores (r = 0.191-0.472, P < 0.05). Besides, the incidence of negative events was higher in group A than in the other three groups, while the satisfaction with care was lower than in the other three groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion Improving nurses' communication skills in infusion room nursing quality management can improve the mental toughness and hope level of patients' accompanying family members, which is conducive to controlling their emotions and avoiding the occurrence of dispute incidents.
New developments and techniques in structural equation modeling

Contents: Preface. B.O. Muthen, Latent Variable Mixture Modeling. K-H. Yuan, P.M. Bentler, A Unified Approach to Multigroup Structural Equation Modeling With Nonstandard Samples. B. Jo, B.O. Muthen, Modeling of Intervention Effects With Noncompliance: A Latent Variable Approach for Randomized Trials. R.H. Heck, Multilevel Modeling With SEM. K. Jedidi, A. Ansari, Bayesian Structural Equation Models for Multilevel Data. F. Yang-Wallentin, K.G. Joreskog, Robust Standard Errors and Chi-Squares for Interaction Models. F. Li, T.E. Duncan, S.C. Duncan, F. Yang-Wallentin, A.C. Acock, H. Hops, Interaction Models in Latent Growth Curves. F. Hamagami, J.J. McArdle, Advanced Studies of Individual Differences Linear Dynamic Models for Longitudinal Data Analysis. G.A. Marcoulides, Z. Drezner, Specification Searches in Structural Equation Modeling With a Genetic Algorithm. D.L. Bandalos, S.J. Finney, Item Parceling Issues in Structural Equation Modeling. T. Raykov, S. Penev, The Problem of Equivalent Structural Equation Models: An Individual Residual Perspective.
Rayleigh Wave Attenuation and Amplification Measured at Ocean‐Bottom Seismometer Arrays Using Helmholtz Tomography

Shear attenuation provides insights into the physical and chemical state of the upper mantle. Yet, observations of attenuation are infrequent in the oceans, despite recent proliferation of arrays of ocean‐bottom seismometers (OBSs). Studies of attenuation in marine environments must overcome unique challenges associated with strong oceanographic noise at the seafloor and data loss during OBS recovery in addition to untangling the competing influences of elastic focusing, local site amplification, and anelastic attenuation on surface‐wave amplitudes. We apply Helmholtz tomography to OBS data to simultaneously resolve array‐averaged Rayleigh wave attenuation and maps of site amplification at periods of 20–150 s. The approach explicitly accounts for elastic focusing and defocusing due to lateral velocity heterogeneity using wavefield curvature. We validate the approach using realistic wavefield simulations at the NoMelt Experiment and Juan de Fuca (JdF) plate, which represent endmember open‐ocean and coastline‐adjacent environments, respectively. Focusing corrections are successfully recovered at both OBS arrays, including at periods <35 s at JdF where coastline effects result in strong multipathing. When applied to real data, our observations of Rayleigh wave attenuation at NoMelt and JdF revise previous estimates. At NoMelt, we observe a low attenuation lithospheric layer ( Qμ ${Q}_{\mu }$ > 1,500) overlying a highly attenuating asthenospheric layer ( Qμ ${Q}_{\mu }$ ∼ 50 to 70). At JdF, we find a broad peak in attenuation ( Qμ ${Q}_{\mu }$ ∼ 50 to 60) centered at a depth of 100–130 km. We also report strong local site amplification at the JdF Ridge (>10% at 31 s period), which can be used to refine models of crust and shallow mantle structure.
The structure and kinematics of dense gas in NGC 2068

We have carried out a survey of the NGC 2068 region in the Orion B molecular cloud using HARP on the JCMT, in the 13CO and C18O (J = 3-2) and H13CO+ (J = 4-3) lines. We used 13CO to map the outflows in the region, and matched them with previously defined SCUBA cores. We decomposed the C18O and H13CO+ into Gaussian clumps, finding 26 and 8 clumps respectively. The average deconvolved radii of these clumps is 6200 +/- 2000 AU and 3600 +/- 900 AU for C18O and H13CO+ respectively. We have also calculated virial and gas masses for these clumps, and hence determined how bound they are. We find that the C18O clumps are more bound than the H13CO+ clumps (average gas mass to virial mass ratio of 4.9 compared to 1.4). We measure clump internal velocity dispersions of 0.28 +/- 0.02 kms-1 and 0.27 +/- 0.04 kms-1 for C18O and H13CO+ respectively, although the H13CO+ values are heavily weighted by a majority of the clumps being protostellar, and hence having intrinsically greater linewidths. We suggest that the starless clumps correspond to local turbulence minima, and we find that our clumps are consistent with formation by gravoturbulent fragmentation. We also calculate inter-clump velocity dispersions of 0.39 +/- 0.05 kms-1 and 0.28 +/- 0.08 kms-1 for C18O and H13CO+ respectively. The velocity dispersions (both internal and external) for our clumps match results from numerical simulations of decaying turbulence in a molecular cloud. However, there is still insufficient evidence to conclusively determine the type of turbulence and timescale of star formation, due to the small size of our sample.
MAGNETAR-DRIVEN SHOCK BREAKOUT AND DOUBLE-PEAKED SUPERNOVA LIGHT CURVES

The light curves of some luminous supernovae are suspected to be powered by the spindown energy of a rapidly rotating magnetar. Here we describe a possible signature of the central engine: a burst of shock breakout emission occurring several days after the supernova explosion. The energy input from the magnetar inflates a high-pressure bubble that drives a shock through the pre-exploded supernova ejecta. If the magnetar is powerful enough, that shock will near the ejecta surface and become radiative. At the time of shock breakout, the ejecta will have expanded to a large radius ( ∼ 10 14 cm) so that the radiation released is at optical/ultraviolet wavelengths ( T eff ≈ 20,000 K) and lasts for several days. The luminosity and timescale of this magnetar-driven shock breakout are similar to the first peak observed recently in the double-peaked light curve of SN-LSQ14BDQ. However, for a large region of model parameter space, the breakout emission is predicted to be dimmer than the diffusive luminosity from direct magnetar heating. A distinct double-peaked light curve may therefore only be conspicuous if thermal heating from the magnetar is suppressed at early times. We describe how such a delay in heating may naturally result from inefficient dissipation and thermalization of the pulsar wind magnetic energy. Without such suppression, the breakout may only be noticeable as a small bump or kink in the early luminosity or color evolution, or as a small but abrupt rise in the photospheric velocity. A similar breakout signature may accompany other central engines in supernovae, such as a black hole accreting fallback material.
Multi-shot multi-channel diffusion data recovery using structured low-rank matrix completion

Purpose: To introduce a novel method for the recovery of multi-shot diffusion weighted (MS-DW) images from echo-planar imaging (EPI) acquisitions. Methods: Current EPI-based MS-DW reconstruction methods rely on the explicit estimation of the motion- induced phase maps to recover the unaliased images. In the new formulation, the k-space data of the unaliased DWI is recovered using a structured low-rank matrix completion scheme, which does not require explicit estimation of the phase maps. The structured matrix is obtained as the lifting of the multi-shot data. The smooth phase-modulations between shots manifest as null-space vectors of this matrix, which implies that the structured matrix is low-rank. The missing entries of the structured matrix are filled in using a nuclear-norm minimization algorithm subject to the data-consistency. The formulation enables the natural introduction of smoothness regularization, thus enabling implicit motion-compensated recovery of fully-sampled as well as under-sampled MS-DW data. Results: Our experiments on in-vivo data show effective removal of the ghosting artifacts arising from intershot motion in MS-DW data using the proposed method. The performance is comparable and better in certain cases than conventional phase-based methods. Conclusion: The proposed method can achieve effective unaliasing of fully/under-sampled MS-DW images without using explicit phase estimates.
SUPRATHERMAL ELECTRONS IN THE SOLAR CORONA: CAN NONLOCAL TRANSPORT EXPLAIN HELIOSPHERIC CHARGE STATES?

There have been several ideas proposed to explain how the Sun's corona is heated and how the solar wind is accelerated. Some models assume that open magnetic field lines are heated by Alfvén waves driven by photospheric motions and dissipated after undergoing a turbulent cascade. Other models posit that much of the solar wind's mass and energy is injected via magnetic reconnection from closed coronal loops. The latter idea is motivated by observations of reconnecting jets and also by similarities of ion composition between closed loops and the slow wind. Wave/turbulence models have also succeeded in reproducing observed trends in ion composition signatures versus wind speed. However, the absolute values of the charge-state ratios predicted by those models tended to be too low in comparison with observations. This Letter refines these predictions by taking better account of weak Coulomb collisions for coronal electrons, whose thermodynamic properties determine the ion charge states in the low corona. A perturbative description of nonlocal electron transport is applied to an existing set of wave/turbulence models. The resulting electron velocity distributions in the low corona exhibit mild suprathermal tails characterized by “kappa” exponents between 10 and 25. These suprathermal electrons are found to be sufficiently energetic to enhance the charge states of oxygen ions, while maintaining the same relative trend with wind speed that was found when the distribution was assumed to be Maxwellian. The updated wave/turbulence models are in excellent agreement with solar wind ion composition measurements.
Face reading the emotions of gelotophobes toward disparaging humorous advertising

Prior research has indicated that gelotophobia, people’s fear of being laughed at, influences their emotions toward a disparaging humorous event. Based on two experiments with a sample of 50 Greek participants each, the present study employed face recognition software to explore the emotions of gelotophobes, when exposed to an advertisement. It further examined the moderating role of the type of advertisement (i.e. a disparaging humorous ad vs. a non-disparaging non-humorous ad) and identification with the victim of the joke, on gelotophobes' emotions. At higher levels of identification with the victim, gelotophobes indicated lower levels of joy, joyful (Duchenne) smile, and a positive emotional valence toward a disparaging-humorous advertisement as opposed to non-gelotophobes. Joy was also found to mediate the negative effects of gelotophobia on attitude toward the ad.
Dark soliton in quasi-one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates with a Gaussian trap

In this paper we study dark solitons in quasi-one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) in presence of an anharmonic external potential. The theoretical model is based on the Mu\~noz-Mateo and Delgado (MMD) equation that describes cigar-shaped BECs with repulsive interatomic interactions. Since MMD equation presents a nonpolynomial form, the soliton-sound recombination cannot display the same pattern presented in the cubic model. We perform numerical simulations to compare both cases.
Distribution patterns at different spatial scales reveal reproductive isolation and frequent syntopy among divergent lineages of an amphipod species complex in Western Carpathian streams

Recent discoveries of vast cryptic diversity among various aquatic invertebrates pose a challenge for understanding their ecology and biodiversity patterns, as well as for conservation. We studied the distribution, potential hybridization and habitat preferences of divergent lineages of the hyperdiverse Gammarus fossarum species complex (Crustacea: Amphipoda) in their contact zone in the Western Carpathians (Central Europe), to obtain insights into processes that may influence lineage coexistence. We initially screened over 60 sites to assess the regional distribution, confirming the presence of four lineages in streams of the study area. Two to three lineages were found to be syntopic at almost half the sites. Subsequently, nine such localities were studied in detail for the mesohabitat distribution (fast vs. slow water flow), pairing preferences, and temporal stability of the Gammarus community. A significant fraction of regional spatial variation was explained by the position in the dendritic river network, altitude, stream width, and anthropogenic stress. At the local scale, however, we did not find differences in distribution between mesohabitats with contrasting flow rates. Mixed precopulatory pairs in syntopy were extremely rare, even under highly imbalanced lineage ratios, confirming a strong prezygotic reproductive barrier between the studied lineages. This was congruent with species delimitation analyses using molecular markers, which confirmed the absence of any recent gene flow. The frequent and apparently temporally stable syntopy of these reproductively isolated Gammarus lineages warrants further research on the processes that may facilitate this coexistence, focusing on potential finer differences in their ecology, functional morphology, or biotic interactions.
Intermittent Fasting—Short- and Long-Term Quality of Life, Fatigue, and Safety in Healthy Volunteers: A Prospective, Clinical Trial

Background: Intermittent fasting (IF) is defined as an eating pattern without calorie restrictions, alternating between periods of fasting and eating. In the past decades IF has not only become a popular weight-reducing diet but is thought to improve Quality of Life (QoL) and fatigue. However, very little evidence exists for the general population. Thus, we aimed to assess the impact of a 16-h fasting period per day over a three-month study period on QoL and especially fatigue in healthy people. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study including healthy subjects. All participants fasted 16 h for at least five days a week while maintaining their normal lifestyle. In the study, we analysed blood samples as well as QoL through standardized questionnaires (WHO-5 questionnaire, Short Form Health 36). Furthermore, we measured the degree of fatigue with the Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS) and Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) as well as compliance, activity records, and weight alterations. All endpoints were evaluated at baseline, after two weeks, four weeks, and three months of IF. Results: A total of 30 participants fasted for the entire study period. The results of the WHO-5 questionnaire (15.6 ± 4.6 vs. 18 ± 3.6, p < 0.0019) demonstrated a significant increase in QoL. For long-term QoL six out of eight domains measured by the Short Form Health 36 (SF-36) significantly improved (e.g., physical health: 92.3 ± 11.6 vs. 96.5 ± 6.3, p = 0.015; mental health: 75.5 ± 12.0 vs. 81.7 ± 9.0; p < 0.001 and body pain: 74.1 ± 31.8 vs. 89.5 ± 14.9; p = 0.008) after three months. Fatigue significantly decreased from 10.3 ± 3.2 to 8.4 ± 2.5; p = 0.002 for mental fatigue and from 12.6 ± 3.8 to 10.7 ± 3.3; p = 0.002 measured by the FAS. The mean FSS-Score at baseline was 3.5 ± 1.2 compared to 2.9 ± 1.1 (scale 1–7) after three months (p < 0.001). Notably, the proliferation marker IGF-1 was significantly reduced. No clinically significant changes in laboratory parameters were observed that would have endangered a participant’s safety. Conclusions: IF according to the 16:8 regime over a fasting period of three months significantly improved several aspects of the QoL and decreased fatigue in healthy people, while maintaining a good safety profile. The practicability of this diet was also demonstrated for shift workers and people with a high percentage of active labour. Apart from the improvement in QoL and fatigue, the significant reduction in IGF-1, which can act as an accelerator of tumour development and progression, might be an indicator of the potential benefits of IF for patients with cancer.
Bouncing braneworld cosmologies and initial conditions to inflation

We examine the full nonlinear dynamics of closed Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universes in the framework of D-branes formalism. Friedmann equations contain additional terms arising from the bulk-brane interaction that provide a concrete model for nonsingular bounces in the early phase of the Universe. We construct nonsingular cosmological scenarios sourced with perfect fluids and a massive inflaton field, which are past eternal, oscillatory, and may emerge into an inflationary phase due to nonlinear resonance mechanisms. Oscillatory behavior becomes metastable when the system is driven into a resonance window of the parameter space of the models, with consequent breakup of KAM tori that trap the inflaton, leading the Universe to the inflationary regime. A construction of the resonance chart of the models is made. Resonance windows are labeled by an integer n{>=}2, where n is related to the ratio of the frequencies in the scale factor/scalar field degrees of freedom. They are typically small compared to the volume of the whole parameter space, and we examine the constraints imposed by nonlinear resonance in the physical domain of initial configurations so that inflation may be realized. We discuss the complex dynamics arising in this preinflationary stage, the structural stability of the resonance pattern and somemore » of its possible imprints in the physics of inflation. We also approach the issue of initial configurations that are connected to a chaotic exit to inflation. Pure scalar field bouncing cosmologies are constructed. Contrary to models with perfect fluid components, the structure of the bouncing dynamics is highly sensitive to the initial amplitude and to the mass of the inflaton; dynamical potential barriers allowing for bounces appear as a new feature of the dynamics. We argue that if our actual Universe is a brane inflated by a parametric resonance mechanism triggered by the inflaton, some observable cosmological parameters should then have a signature of the particular resonance from which the brane inflated. « less
A dynamical inconsistency of Horava gravity

The dynamical consistency of the nonprojectable version of Ho\ifmmode \check{r}\else \v{r}\fi{}ava gravity is investigated by focusing on the asymptotically flat case. It is argued that for generic solutions of the constraint equations the lapse must vanish asymptotically. We then consider particular values of the coupling constants for which the equations are tractable and in that case we prove that the lapse must vanish everywhere\char22{}and not only at infinity. Put differently, the Hamiltonian constraints are generically all second-class. We then argue that the same feature holds for generic values of the couplings, thus revealing a physical inconsistency of the theory. In order to cure this pathology, one might want to introduce further constraints but the resulting theory would then lose much of the appeal of the original proposal by Ho\ifmmode \check{r}\else \v{r}\fi{}ava. We also show that there is no contradiction with the time-reparametrization invariance of the action, as this invariance is shown to be a so-called ``trivial gauge symmetry'' in Ho\ifmmode \check{r}\else \v{r}\fi{}ava gravity, hence with no associated first-class constraints.