Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling Airline Cost Pass-Through within Regional Aviation Markets

Studies assessing the impact of market-based environmental policies in aviation rely on various scenarios of airline cost pass-through, because there is little empirical evidence with respect to the impacts of airline costs on airfares. Instead, the costs effect has been indirectly measured by proxy variables such as distance, fuel price, and aircraft sizes. This paper provides empirical evidence of airline cost pass-through by developing an airfare model that explicitly captures airline operating costs. Using a feasible generalized two-stage least squares (FG2SLS) approach, we obtained coefficients of airline fuel costs per passenger, non-fuel costs per passenger, and non-fuel costs per flight modeling for seven world regions (20 region-pair markets). A comparison of the estimated cost pass-through elasticities conducted across regional markets suggests that airlines may respond to the cost increases differently, depending on the cost types and the markets they operate in. Based on the estimated coefficients, we systematically evaluate the potential impacts of introducing a carbon tax policy within two major regional markets with distinct cost pass-through elasticities.
A smart knee implant using triboelectric energy harvesters

Although the number of total knee replacement (TKR) surgeries is growing rapidly, functionality and pain-reduction outcomes remain unsatisfactory for many patients. Continual monitoring of knee loads after surgery offers the potential to improve surgical procedures and implant designs. The goal of this study is to characterize a triboelectric energy harvester under body loads and to design compatible frontend electronics to digitize the load data. The harvester prototype would be placed between the tibial component and polyethylene bearing of a TKR implant. The harvester generates power from the compressive load. To examine the harvester output and the feasibility of powering a digitization circuitry, a triboelectric energy harvester prototype is fabricated and tested. An axial tibiofemoral load profile from normal walking (gait) is approximated as a 1 Hz sine wave signal and is applied to the harvester. Because the root mean square of voltages generated via this phenomenon is proportional to the applied load, the device can be simultaneously employed for energy harvesting and load sensing. With an approximated knee cyclic load of 2.3 kN at 1 Hz, the harvester generated output voltage of 18 V rms, and an average power of 6 μW at the optimal resistance of 58 MΩ. The harvested signal is rectified through a negative voltage converter rectifier and regulated through a linear-dropout regulator with a combined efficiency of 71%. The output of the regulator is used to charge a supercapacitor. The energy stored in the supercapacitor is used for low resolution sensing of the load through a peak detector and analog-to-digital converter. According to our analysis, sensing the load several times a day is feasible by relying only on harvested power. The results found from this work demonstrate that triboelectric energy harvesting is a promising technique for self-powering load sensors inside knee implants.
Turbine Electrified Energy Management (TEEM) For Enabling More Efficient Engine Designs

NASA is investing in Electrified Aircraft Propulsion (EAP) research as part of an effort to assist industry in meeting the future needs of a global aviation market. The integration of electric machines into traditional turbine-based propulsion provides opportunities to change system architectures effecting radical improvements in propulsive efficiency. However, less consideration has been afforded to the utilization of these electrical machines to improve the thermal efficiency and performance of the gas turbine engine. Noting this deficit, a novel operability concept is proposed and is referred to as Turbine Electrified Energy Management (TEEM). The concept is a transient control technology that supplements the main fuel control for the suppression of the natural off-design dynamics associated with changes in engine operating state. Here the electric machines, used as engine actuators during the transient, add or extract torque from the engine shafts to maintain the speed-flow characteristics of steadystate design operation. This greatly reduces the need to maintain transient stall margin stack in the compressors, among other potential benefits. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of the concept in dynamic simulation using a Numerical Propulsion System Simulation (NPSS) engine model of a NASA hybrid electric propulsion concept known as the Parallel Hybrid Electric Turbofan (hFan).
A Cable-Type Packaging for Voltage Regulation and Energy Transport in Wearable Energy Harvesting Systems

Energy harvesting (EH) technologies provide a promising solution for the self-power supply of wearable devices. However, it is challenging due to strict constraints of wearable systems in terms of size, weight, and cost. Additionally, a suitable method is required to transport the harvested energy from the environment or body to wearable devices. This letter proposes a cable-type packaging that embeds a converter into the connection wire to simultaneously regulate the voltage and transport the energy. A distributed inductor is implemented by winding the conductor in a helix around a flexible magnetic-sheet core to increase the inductance. This packaging method can aid the design of wearable EH systems and significantly reduce the size of the system. A prototype was fabricated based on the proposed packaging and compared with other two converters based on traditional packaging in terms of size, weight, and efficiency. The experimental results verify that the proposed packaging can reduce the system size by 75% and system weight by 35% under the same efficiency condition.
Design of Integrated Database for CRM in Automobile Maintenance Industry

In this paper, we designed a system that integrate and organize customer management programs and databases, which are performed independently of each other. And we designed the system so that it can be used for future marketing by implementing the system to share and efficiently utilize mutual independent maintenance information. From the CRM perspective, a comprehensive information system ghat manages every information on both new cars and second hand cares grom their purchase, to parts, to insurance, and to scraping needs to be established. The following should be applied in the establishment of the IAMS. Auto makers or auto maintenance services providers exclusive management of information on customers and their car maintenance services is aggravating the customer’s inconvenience and complaints. In addition, the service provider has difficulty providing consistent maintenance services because it has little information about previous auto maintenance services the customer received. Besides, the customers who have no information on costs of parts and labor tend to hesitate to trust the costs of maintenance services. This study to provide customers with systematic maintenance service and causing them some inconvenience. Therefore, in order to maintain existing customers, auto maintenance service providers should provide services the customers wanted on the basis of accurate information about them.
The role of structural assurance on previous satisfaction, trust and continuance intention

Purpose Varied accounts exist regarding the role of trust and satisfaction in online continuance intention and contexts within which this occurs. The purpose of this paper is to consider the moderating effect of structural assurance (SA) on satisfaction and trust and trust and continuance intention in a pure e-service context (online betting). Design/methodology/approach UK online bettors were surveyed with an instrument developed using validated variables and measurements, including continuance intention, satisfaction, trust (in vendor) and SA. Structural equation modeling with partial least squares was used to evaluate the measurement and structural model simultaneously. Findings SA positively moderates the trust–continuance intention relationship but not the satisfaction–trust relationship. SA is positively associated with trust. Research limitations/implications The study contributes to research focused on exploring the moderating effects of trust and satisfaction on continuance intention where institution-based mechanisms are perceived to be effective and framed to assure success. Practical implications An over-reliance on context-specific mechanisms is inadequate; strategic approaches to trust must consider contextual and institutional mechanisms interdependently. Originality/value The paper addresses the need for research relating to the institutional context within which trust mechanisms operate. This research provides a novel contribution through an exploration of the moderating effects of SA on: trust and continuance intention; and satisfaction and trust (the authors also measure the direct effect of SA on trust). This paper is one of the first studies to examine these important concepts in this context. The online betting case allows for the exploration of risk where vendor-specific and contextual risk are both high.
Capacitor-Inductor-Loaded, Small-Sized Loop Antenna for WLAN Notebook Computers

A small-sized loop antenna loaded with the series-connected capacitor and inductor for wireless local area network (WLAN) operation is proposed. The main radiator of an L-shaped, loop structure and its small ground were constructed on a single-layered FR4 substrate of thickness 0.8 mm and occupied a miniature size of 5mm× 20 mm only. It was found that by loading the series-connected capacitor and inductor between the antenna feed port and the loop radiator, the quarter-wavelength loop resonance can be easily excited together with the controllable half-wavelength resonance. The design prototype was able to operate in the 2.4-GHz (2400–2484 MHz) and 5.8-GHz (5725–5825 MHz) WLAN bands. The proposed antenna was simple in structure and yet provided dual-band operation and good radiation performance.
Southern Rhodesia

This very interesting report, the work of a commission of four under the chairmanship of Mr. V. L. Robinson, made a large number of recommendations concerning the structure of the lower courts in Southern Rhodesia, which are worthy of close study, though they are only relevant to the topic of legal education in Africa in so far as their implementation would lead to some change in the provisions relating to qualifications for the magistracy.
Melody Extraction Using Chroma-Level Note Tracking and Pitch Mapping

A new architecture for melody extraction from polyphonic music is explored in this paper. Specifically, chromagrams are first constructed through the harmonic pitch class profile (HPCP) to measure the salience of melody, and chroma-level notes are tracked by dynamic programming. Then, note detection is performed according to chroma-level note differences between adjacent frames. Next, note pitches are coarsely mapped by maximizing the salience of each note, followed by a fine tuning to fit the dynamic variation within each note. Finally, voicing detection is carried out to determine the presence of melody according to the salience of fine-tuned notes. Note level pitch mapping and fine tuning avoids pitch shifting between different octaves or notes within one note duration. Several experiments have been conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The experimental results show that the proposed method can track the dynamic pitch changing within each note, and performs well at different signal-to-accompaniment ratios. However, its performance for deep vibratos and pitch glides still needs to be improved.
Finite Element Analysis and Design Methodology for High-Efficiency Synchronous Reluctance Motors

Abstract Although synchronous reluctance machine (SynRM) like other electrical machine has a non-linear magnetic field, the complicated structure is mathematically analyzed by analytical equations and then finite element method (FEM) simulation is utilized to validate the design. One of the well-known drawbacks of SynRM is that it has poor power factor. SynRM machine rotor design is revisited in this paper using analytical and finite element methodologies. The study focuses on highly efficient SynRM with improved power factor and excellent saturation and torque ripple effects. The rotor is designed with optimum shapes of flux barriers and then concentrates on the flux barrier dimensions, the number of flux barriers, and optimum placement of flux barriers to improving the performance parameters of SynRM. Finally, the power factor and saturation effect on SynRM are also included. This paper investigates all possible methods to improve the power factor without affecting its torque density. The best design with high performance is used for final current control optimization simulation.
A scenario‐based robust investment planning model for multi‐type distributed generation under uncertainties

This paper presented a scenario-based robust distributed generation investment planning (DGIP) model, which considered the uncertainties of wind turbine (WT) generation, photovoltaic (PV) generation and load demand. The robust economic model aims to maximize the net present value (NPV) from the distribution network operator's (DNO's) perspective. The uncertainties are described by an uncertainty matrix based on a heuristic moment matching (HMM) method that captures the stochastic features, i.e. expectation, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis. The notable feature of the HMM method is that it diminishes the computational burden considerably by representing the uncertainties through a reduced number of representative scenarios. The uncertainty matrix is integrated with deterministic power flow equations to formulate a cost-benefit analysis based robust DGIP model with the objective of maximizing the DNO's net present value. The effectiveness of the proposed DGIP model is firstly verified in a 53-bus distribution test feeder, and then its scalability is further validated in a 138-bus distribution network. The numerical results confirm that the proposed DGIP solution is more robust for all representative network scenarios against the deterministic solution.
The use of video as an analytical and reflective tool in ceramic training

This article discusses the use of video in helping aspiring potters develop their skills at the potter’s wheel. It summarises findings from the author’s doctoral research on British pottery practices, which made effective use of videos to record operations and elicit tacit knowledge involved in making pottery. Many potters are familiar with video tutorials and use videos to promote their work commercially. Showing potters their actions at the wheel can help them map their progress and identify issues to overcome. The study proposes the use of video as a reflective tool for aspiring potters, to advance their progress more efficiently in professional and other learning environments.
Radio Frequency Heating of Milk–Effects on Quality, Safety, and Shelf Life Assessed Using Artificial Senses and Chemometric Tools

Thermal treatments are widely-used strategies in the food industry to inactivate microorganisms and enzymes in order to guarantee safe products without the need for preservatives, while still prolonging their shelf life. Commercial sterilization usually relies on pressurized hot water or steam, often leading to long process times and to surface dehydration phenomena and overheating. However, from the recent studies in the field of radio frequency heating, it has emerged that food products can be processed with time-temperature regimes that are much milder than those required with conventional techniques, resulting in minimal modification of the sensory and nutritive attributes of the food product itself. In the present work, raw bovine milk was sterilized through a combination of steam and radio frequencies, at various temperatures. Alongside the chemical composition, the pH, acidity, and total mesophilic count have been evaluated before and after the process and at the different exit temperatures, in order to study the impact of this technique on milk quality and safety aspects, during a storage period of 55 days at +4°C. Moreover, the organoleptic properties of milk have been studied using artificial senses coupled with chemometrics. Different temperatures lead to homogenous physicochemical and microbiological results, which conform to those expected for a good quality bovine milk. The assessment of flavor and appearance revealed retained or the minimally modified milk sensorial properties. Therefore, RF heating appears to be a suitable technique for the production of safe milk with a prolonged shelf life up to 40–45 days and without significant alterations of the organoleptic and nutritional attributes.
Reducing conditions on barium absorption in rice plants cultured in BaSO4-enriched soil

To evaluate the possible solubilization of barium sulfate in soils under reducing conditions and its effects on barium bioavailability, an Oryza sativa pot trial was established. Increasing barium doses and two redox potential conditions were evaluated. The geochemical fractionation data demonstrated that reducing conditions led to an increase in the levels of more labile forms of barium and a reduction in more stable forms. Furthermore, higher doses of barium were found to have a negative impact on grain production. The highest levels of barium accumulation in the leaves, roots, and grains were observed with the highest barium dose under reducing conditions. These results demonstrate that reducing conditions increased barium bioavailability and absorption by rice plants.
Alteraciones de la coagulación en cirrosis, viejos y nuevos paradigmas

In liver disease one of the liver's functions related to blood coagulation, hemostasis, is disturbed. This manifests as hypercoagulability in some patients and as excessive bleeding in others. Objective: The objective of this study was to review current evidence about blood coagulation disorders in cirrhotic patients. Methods: We conducted a search using the following "MESH" terms: blood coagulation disorders, cirrhosis, hemostasis, hypercoagulability, bleeding and blood coagulation tests. From the results articles whose titles and abstracts best fit with the aim of this review were chosen. Results: From 146 articles obtained, 76 were selected and used to construct this article. Conclusion: Despite the diverse blood coagulation disorders present in cirrhotic patients, the hemostatic system accomplishes a new balance that currently used blood coagulation tests fail to show. This is the why these cannot be considered useful tools for predicting the risk of bleeding or thrombotic complications.
Homogeneity-PMU-Based Method for Detection and Classification of Power Quality Disturbances

Over the past few years, power quality (PQ) monitoring has become of paramount importance for utilities and users since poor PQ generates negative consequences. In monitoring, fast detection and accurate classification of PQ disturbances (PQDs) are desirable features. In this work, a new method to detect and classify PQDs is proposed. The proposal takes advantage of the low computational resources of both a phasor measurement unit (PMU)-based signal processing scheme and the homogeneity approach. To classify the PQDs, if–then–else rules are used. To validate and test the proposal, synthetic and real signals of sags, swells, interruptions, notching, spikes, harmonics, and oscillatory transients are considered. For the generation of real signals, a PQD generator based on a power inverter is used. In the proposed method, the PMU information is directly used to classify sags, swells, and interruptions, whereas the homogeneity index is used to distinguish among the remaining PQDs. Results show that the proposal is an effective and suitable tool for PQ monitoring.
COMPARISON OF TWO INTERVENTIONS: MUSCLE ENERGY TECHNIQUES AND ROUTINE PHYSICAL THERAPY FOR NONSPECIFIC LOW BACK PAIN- A REVIEW ARTICLE

Muscle energy technique (MET) is used by many professions which are relevant to manual therapy. Bountiful objectives of this technique which are claimed to be efficacious are such as lengthening of contracted or shortened muscle, strengthening of weakened muscles and increasing the joint range of motion (ROM). Although research and clinical experience have shown that treatment of Hamstring flexibility is important, there is no widely acceptable form of treatment that is agreed upon to successfully improve the flexibility of hamstrings which may indirectly affect the back region. Post-isometric muscle relaxation and static stretch with stabilizing exercises led to increase in flexibility of hamstring and trunk forward bend in healthy people. Common disorder is low back pain that involves the muscles, nerves or bone of back. Pain may be of three types depending upon duration of pain that is acute, subacute or chronic. Muscle energy techniques and static passive stretching, both were effective in improving the hamstring flexibility and had better effect on improving hamstring flexibility in patients of non-specific low back pain. The use of METs and Static stretching Exercise for the improvement in healthrelated quality of life, pain and Range of Motion can be a useful approach.
Escherichia Coli Transfer to Food by Fruit Flies during Short Time Exposure

Two separate experiments were conducted to determine the transfer of E. coli by fruit flies during short term exposure to apple slices and bologna. Short time exposure (1, 5 and 15 min) of flies to inoculated apple slices were tested in the first experiment to determine the transfer of E. coli to flies. No difference (P≤0.05) in the number of bacteria transferred to flies were found due to these exposure times. In the second experiment the transfer of E. coli from inoculated apple or bologna slices (5 min exposure) to un-inoculated slices (1, 5 and 15 min exposure) were tested. More bacteria were transferred to bologna at 1 and 5 min compared to apple while the number transferred did not differ at 15 min exposure. The percentage of E. coli transferred from inoculated food to flies was low (<0.5%) while the percentage transferred from flies to un-inoculated food was relatively high (>50%). This study found that flies can pick up and transfer bacteria to food in short exposure times.
A clinical and polygraphic overview of 100 consecutive cases

Nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (NFLE) has been delineated as a distinct syndrome in the heterogeneous group of paroxysmal sleep-related disturbances. The variable duration and intensity of the seizures distinguish three non-rapid eye movement-related subtypes: paroxysmal arousals, characterized by brief and sudden recurrent motor paroxysmal behaviour; nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia, motor attacks with complex dystonic–dyskinetic features; and episodic nocturnal wanderings, stereotyped, agitated somnambulism. We review the clinical and polysomnographic data related to 100 consecutive cases of NFLE in order to define the clinical and neurophysiological characteristics of the different seizure types that constitute NFLE. NFLE seizures predominate in males (7 : 3). Age at onset of the nocturnal seizures varies, but centres during infancy and adolescence. A familial recurrence of the epileptic attacks is found in 25% of the cases, while 39% of the patients present a family history of nocturnal paroxysmal episodes