Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deciding When to Flower

Plants must carefully time the switch from vegetative growth to floral production in order to take advantage of optimal environmental conditions. In their Perspective, [Bastow and Dean][1] discuss new work ([ He et al .][2]) that reveals an elegant mechanism, involving chromatin remodeling of a genetic locus encoding a flowering repressor, which enables plants to regulate flowering time. [1]: http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/302/5651/1695 [2]: http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/short/302/5651/1751
The expanding role of immunopharmacology-IUPHAR Review X

Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece, Allergy Unit ‘D. Kalogeromitros’, 2 Department of Dermatology and Venereology, ‘Attikon’ General University Hospital, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece, Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy, Spedding Research Solutions SARL, France, Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil, Finlay Institute, Habana, Cuba, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK, Pharmacology Unit-Institute for Drug Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
Object-vector coding in the medial entorhinal cortex

Mammals use distances and directions from local objects to calculate trajectories during navigation but how such vectorial operations are implemented in neural representations of space has not been determined. Here we show in freely moving mice that a population of neurons in the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) responds specifically when the animal is at a given distance and direction from a spatially confined object. These ‘object-vector cells’ are tuned similarly to a spectrum of discrete objects, irrespective of their location in the test arena. The vector relationships are expressed from the outset in novel environments with novel objects. Object-vector cells are distinct from grid cells, which use a distal reference frame, but the cells exhibit some mixed selectivity with head-direction and border cells. Collectively, these observations show that object locations are integrated in metric representations of self-location, with specific subsets of MEC neurons encoding vector relationships to individual objects.
Poor adult nutrition impairs learning and memory in a parasitoid 1

: 23 Animals have evolved cognitive abilities whose impairment can incur dramatic fitness costs. While 24 malnutrition is known to impact brain development and cognitive functions in vertebrates, little is 25 known in insects, whose small brain appears particularly vulnerable to environmental stressors. 26 Here, we investigated the influence of diet quality on learning and memory in the parasitoid wasp 27 Venturia canescens . Newly emerged adults were exposed for 24h to either honey, sucrose solution 28 20%, sucrose solution 10%, or no food, before being conditioned in an olfactory associative 29 learning task in which an odor (orange) was associated to a reward (host larvae). Wasps fed honey 30 showed 3.5 times higher learning performances and 1.5 times longer memory retention times than 31 wasps fed sucrose solutions and starved wasps. Poor diets also reduced longevity and fecundity. 32 Our results demonstrate the importance of early adult nutrition for optimal cognitive function in 33 these parasitoid wasps that must quickly develop olfactory memories for choosing high quality 34 hosts for their progeny. 35
Support vector machine‐based feature selection for land cover classification: a case study with DAIS hyperspectral data

This paper present the results of a support vector machine (SVM) technique and a genetic algorithm (GA) technique using generalization error bounds derived for SVMs as fitness functions (SVM/GA) for feature selection using hyperspectral data. Results obtained with the SVM/GA‐based technique were compared with those produced by random forest‐ and SVM‐based feature selection techniques in terms of classification accuracy and computational cost. The classification accuracy using SVM‐based feature selection was 91.89%. The number of features selected was 15. For comparison, the accuracy produced by the use of the full set of 65 features was 91.76%. The level of classification accuracy achieved by the SVM/GA approach using 15 features varied from 91.87% to 92.44% with different fitness functions but required a large training time. The performance of the random forest‐based feature selection approach gave a classification accuracy of 91.89%, which is comparable to the accuracy achieved by using the SVM and SVM/GA approaches using 15 features. A smaller computational cost is a major advantage associated with the random forest‐based feature selection approach. The training time for the SVM‐based approach is also very small in comparison to the SVM/GA approach, thus suggesting the usefulness of random forest‐ and SVM‐based feature selection approaches in comparison to the SVM/GA approach for land cover classification problems with hyperspectral data. Further, a higher classification accuracy was achieved with a combination of 20 selected features in comparison to the level of accuracy obtained using 15 features, but the difference in accuracy was not significant. To validate the results, SVM‐, SVM/GA‐ and random forest‐based feature selection approaches were compared with a maximum noise transformation based feature extraction technique. Results show an improved performance using these techniques in comparison to the maximum noise transformation‐based feature extraction technique.
The measurement of soil stiffness in the triaxial apparatus

This Paper describes a simple technique for accurately measuring the mean local axial strains of triaxial samples over a central gauge length. The technique makes use of an axial displacement gauge which is a development of one devised by Burland & Symes (1982) which makes use of electrolytic levels. The device can resolve to less than 1 μ. m over a range of 15 mm, is simple to mount on the specimen and is not damaged when the sample is taken to failure. The results of undrained triaxial tests are presented for a wide spectrum of soil types ranging from sands through intact, reconstituted and remoulded low plasticity till, undisturbed London clay to intact unweathered chalk. The test results show that conventional external measurements of displacement contain errors which are frequently so large that their use in the determination of soil stiffness at working levels of stress is invalid. The errors mainly result from tilting of the sample, bedding at the end platens and the effects of compliance in the app.
Percolation models of pathogen spillover

A series of logical events must occur for a pathogen to spill over from animals to people. The pathogen must be present in an animal reservoir, it must be shed from the reservoir into the environment or be transferred from the reservoir to a vector, it must persist in the environment or vector until contact with a human or amplifier host, and it must successfully enter, colonize, and reproduce within the human. These events each represent a barrier the pathogen must cross to successfully infect a human. Percolation models of pathogens completing the series of barriers or logical events can connect models of spillover risk with standard tools for statistical inference. Here, we develop percolation-based models of spillover risk and a theoretical framework for managing spillover as an inextricably multilevel process. Through analysis and simulation, we show that estimated associations between level-specific covariates and spillover events will err towards associations from dominant pathway to spillover, a potential problem if there are alternative pathways to spillover with different associations with covariates. Furthermore, estimated associations between covariates and spillover will better reflect associations between covariates and success probabilities of bottleneck events with the highest pathogen attrition rates in the data observed. If one agrees with a percolation model for spillover, then GLMs should not be used to estimate relative importance of various levels. We recommend always using nonlinear models for predicting spillover risk with quantitative covariates and discuss why switching regression models may be well suited for avoiding some obvious pitfalls in predicting spillover from alternative pathways or wildlife reservoirs. Finally, we demonstrate how percolation models formalize an intuitive management paradigm for mitigating risk in the inherently multilevel process of pathogen spillover.
Two-dimensional mapping of sea-ice keels with airborne electromagnetics

Airborne electromagnetic (AEM) equipment can be used to sense sea ice thickness by interpreting the AEM data to obtain the distance from the towed bird that holds the EM system to the ice/seawater interface. The ice thickness itself is obtained by subtracting from that quantity the distance from the bird to the upper ice surface, as determined by a laser altimeter. To interpret AEM data acquired over sea‐ice keels, we first solve the forward problem using an integral equation approach to the Neumann boundary‐value problem. In this approach, we assume that sea ice is an insulator and that seawater is a perfect conductor. When the ice keel is two‐dimensional, the pertinent equations can be transformed into the wavenumber domain along the strike direction, resulting in the rapid numerical computation of the AEM response. By compiling numerical‐model results, we constructed an interpretation chart that relates the parameters of the observed AEM response anomaly to the geometric variables of the ice keel. The .
Hoods, mists, frosts, and ice caps at the poles of Mars

The sequence of seasonal events that occurs each Martian year around the two poles of Mars is more precisely described due to the input of new telescopic surveys and polarimetric measurements, combined with available orbital photographs, Viking lander images, and atmospheric pressure recordings. The interplays between vaporization and condensation of both carbon dioxide and water products, seasonally at work around both poles, produce clouds and mists in the atmosphere and frosts and ices at the surface. The succession of occurrences of prepolar hood frost depositions, polar hood formations and evolutions, and surface cap depositions and vaporizations is described for both poles as a function of the seasonal evolution parameter Ls (planetocentric longitude of the Sun).
Determining the Motivation of Wellness Travelers

ABSTRACT This research depicts a new investigative theme pertaining to travel motivation to wellness destinations. Owing to the paucity of definition of such a phenomenon, this study first defines wellness tourism and then launches an empirical study to explore the underlying motivational factors. Both qualitative and quantitative techniques are presented. The qualitative method assists the researchers in finding specific attributes alluring the travelers, while the quantitative method profiles the importance ranking of motivations under investigation. The study finds that relaxation, pursing multiple activities, recreation, and enjoying nature are the top four motivations. In terms of the ranks of importance, relaxation is the leading indicator. The research concludes with relevant market implications and suggestions for future research.
Conserving dryland biodiversity: a future vision of sustainable dryland development

Water scarcity has largely driven the adaptations of organisms to survive dryland conditions. As a result, there are many animal and plant species and habitats found only in drylands: some semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas are among the most biodiverse regions in the world. Despite the value of such biomes, protected areas in drylands are not representative of all the dryland subtypes. For example, deserts are disproportionately represented whilst temperate grasslands have amongst the lowest level of protection of all biomes at approximately 3.4%. Nevertheless, local communities inhabiting drylands have informally conserved large areas as a by-product of sustainable management practices or cultural beliefs. The drylands offer significant opportunities for achieving both conservation and development objectives simultaneously and in many cases have been shown to do so. The Aichi targets (targets established by Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity at the tenth Conference of Parties in 2010) on protected areas could be more easily achieved, or even surpassed, in drylands by legitimising and supporting Indigenous and Community Conserved Areas (ICCAs), and traditional natural resource management strategies. A more nuanced vision of sustainably managed drylands is therefore needed: one that reflects social and ecological realities and provides a framework against which policies and investments can be assessed. Such a vision should be based on the intersection between sustainable land management and biodiversity conservation, which encompasses the following four components: adapting green economic growth to the drylands; conservation and sustainable management of dryland biodiversity; and health as the basis for secure food and water provision; and resilience and risk management in uncertain environments. To realise such an ambitious vision in the drylands requires a strategic and broad suite of actions in the following four fields: innovation, knowledge and science; incentives and investment; governance and empowerment; mainstreaming dryland biodiversity.
Neurally Adjusted Ventilator Assist in Infants With Acute Respiratory Failure: A Literature Scoping Review

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. OBJECTIVES: To map the evidence for neurally adjusted ventilatory assist strategies, outcome measures, and sedation practices in infants less than 12 months with acute respiratory failure using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guidance. DATA SOURCES: CINAHL, MEDLINE, COCHRANE, JBI, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Google scholar, BNI, AMED. Trial registers included the following: ClinicalTrials.gov, European Union clinical trials register, International Standardized Randomized Controlled Trial Number register. Also included were Ethos, Grey literature, Google, dissertation abstracts, EMBASE conference proceedings. STUDY SELECTION: Abstracts were screened followed by review of full text. Articles incorporating a heterogeneous population of both infants and older children were assessed, and where possible, data for infants were extracted. Fifteen articles were included. Ten articles were primary research: randomized controlled trial (n = 3), cohort studies (n = 4), retrospective data analysis (n = 2), case series (n = 1). Other articles are expert opinion (n = 2), neurally adjusted ventilatory assist updates (n = 1), and a literature review (n = 2). Three studies included exclusively infants. We also included 12 studies reporting jointly on infants and children. DATA EXTRACTION: A standardized data extraction tool was used. DATA SYNTHESIS: Key findings were that evidence related to neurally adjusted ventilatory assist ventilation strategies in infants and related to specific primary conditions is limited. The setting of neurally adjusted ventilatory assist level is not consistent, and how to optimize this mode of ventilation was not documented. Outcome measures varied considerably, most studies focused on improvements in respiratory and physiological variables. Sedation use is variable with regard to medication type and dose. There is an indication that less sedation is required in patients receiving neurally adjusted ventilatory assist, but no conclusive evidence to support this. CONCLUSIONS: This review highlights a lack of standardized strategies for neurally adjusted ventilatory assist ventilation and sedation practices among infants with acute respiratory failure. Studies were limited by small sample sizes and a lack of focus on specific patient groups. Robust studies are needed to provide evidence-based clinical recommendations for the use of neurally adjusted ventilatory assist in infants with acute respiratory failure.
Study of a subsurface fracture zone by vertical seismic profiling

Remotely estimating the properties of subsurface fracture zones is important in characterizing the structure of the shallow earth. We present a vertical seismic profiling (VSP) technique to make this fracture zone estimation and discuss the results of a VSP experiment performed in the upper 770 m of the Michigan Basin. Both P and SH waves were used to observe an explosively-fractured volume of Antrim shale. The experiment was divided into two parts: a "before" survey run on the unaltered rock, then an identical "after" survey executed across the fractured volume. A seismic velocity structure of the basin was calculated from the "before" survey. Comparison of the "after" observations to the "before" data, elucidated the fracture volume and its effective elastic parameters. From travel-time delays, amplitude attenuation, converted and scattered waves, we estimated the depth (395 m), shape (ellipsoidal), size (10 m × 20 m × 30 m) and porosity (20%) of the fracture zone.
Peran Puerarin terhadap Aktivitas Intra dan Ekstraseluler pada Kultur Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) Pasca Induksi Leptin

Beberapa penelitian terkini menyebutkan bahwa leptin merupakan salah satu penyebab disfungsi endotel yang merupakan salah satu penyebab aterogenesis. Antioksidan puerarin diduga memiliki kemampuan untuk mencegah mekanisme aterogenesis yang distimulasi oleh beberapa sitokin. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuktikan dan mengetahui potensi puerarin untuk menghambat ekspresi dan aktivitas intra dan ekstraseluler VCAM-1, PPAR-γ, SOD dan H2O2, apoptosis dan nekrosis pada kultur Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) yang diinduksi 25 ng ml-1 leptin. Penelitian ini mempergunakan sel kultur primer HUVECs yang dibagi menjadi empat kelompok perlakuan, yaitu kelompok 0 ng ml-1 dan 0 μM puerarin, kelompok sel yang diinduksi 25 ng ml-1 leptin selama 12 jam, kelompok induksi puerarin 5, 25, 200 dan 525 μM puerarin selama enam jam tanpa leptin, kelompok induksi leptin dan puerarin dengan konsentrasi 5, 25, 200 dan 525 μM selama enam jam. Aktivitas VCAM-1 dan PPAR-γ diketahui dengan analisis imunositokimia, metode ELISA digunakan untuk analisis aktivitas SOD dan H2O2. Apoptosis dan nekrosis sel dianalisis setelah HUVECs diberi penanda BrdU selama 20 jam. Data dianalisis dengan analisis satu jalur (ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Tukey. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa induksi 25 ng ml-1 dapat meningkatkan ekspresi VCAM-1 (2,68 ± 0,15)% dibandingkan dengan perlakuan 0 ng ml-1 (0,54 ± 0,15)%. Perlakuan induksi puerarin 5, 25, 200, 525 μM memberikan dampak negatif terhadap ekspresi VCAM-1 meskipun pengaruh ini tidak signifikan. Puerarin dapat menekan apoptosis dan nekrosis sel, 525 μM puerarin secara efektif dapat menekan ekspresi PPAR-γ. Puerarin tidak memberikan dampak yang signifikan terhadap aktivitas ekstraseluler berdasarkan hasil analisis aktivitas SOD dan H2O2. Kata kunci: apoptosis, H2O2, HUVECs, nekrosis, leptin, puerarin, VCAM-1, PPAR-γ, SOD
An iterative trilateral filter algorithm for depth map

Depth map is critical in Free-viewpoint television (FTV) system, and the quality of reconstructed depth map impacts the quality of rendering view. Depth map obtained from TOF camera, not only appears with large flat area and sharp edges, but also contains lots of noises. In order to achieve the aim of decreasing the noise and keeping the accurate of edges in the depth map, an iterative trilateral filter is proposed by combining bilateral filter and the introduced factor of illumination normal in this paper. The experimental results show that the proposed method can reduce the noise obviously，and keep the edge of the depth map from TOF camera well.
An analytic model of tidal circulation in a narrow estuary

A simple model of open coastal dynamics is adapted to provide an analytic solution of the vertical and axial structure of tidal currents in an estuary. Applied to the Hey River estuary in northern Queensiand, the model provides an accurate representation of the four major tidal constituents. By best-fit analysis of the model results to data from three current meters, the vertical eddy viscosity for the estuary is estimated as 2.8 x lop3 m*s-‘, and the linear friction coefficient as 8 x 10m4 ms-l. Bottom boundary considerations indicate that the data are consistent with the concept of a bottom logarithmic layer 0.6 m deep, in which the eddy viscosity increases linearly from near-zeL0 to its free-stream value
Longitudinal spinal cord atrophy in multiple sclerosis using the generalized boundary shift integral

Spinal cord atrophy is a clinically relevant feature of multiple sclerosis (MS), but longitudinal assessments on magnetic resonance imaging using segmentation‐based methods suffer from measurement variability, especially in multicenter studies. We compared the generalized boundary shift integral (GBSI), a registration‐based method, with a standard segmentation‐based method.
Linkage analysis, GWAS, transcriptome analysis to identify candidate genes for 1 rice seedlings in response to high temperature stress 2

18 Background: With the increase of global temperature, the problem of rice yield 19 decline caused by the rising temperature is becoming more and more prominent, 20 which urgently needs to be solved . Mining heat-resistant genes and applying them to 21 rice breeding is a feasible and effective way to solve the problem . 22 Result: Three main biomass traits, including shoot length, dry weight, and fresh 23 weight, changed after abnormally high temperature treatment in the seedling stage of 24 a recombinant inbred line and natural groups. Based on a comparison of the results of 25 linkage analysis and genome-wide association analysis, the presence of two sections 26 with lengths of 57 kb and 69 kb in qDW7 and qFW6 , respectively, was associated with the rice response to abnormally high temperatures in the seedling stage. Meanwhile, based on integrated transcriptome analysis, some genes are considered as 29 candidate genes for subsequent research and analysis. Combining with reports of 30 known genes and analysis of homologous genes, it was found that there are 8 genes in 31 candidate genes that need to be focused in subsequent research. 32 Conclusions: The results indicated several relevant beneficial loci reacted to heat 33 stress in rice seedling stage, which would help researchers to further discover 34 excellent heat-resistant genes that can be applied to rice heat-resistant breeding. 35 we and identified 6 S3). To further investigate candidate genes, we performed homology analysis on the obtained genes. The results of homology analysis showed that the homolog gene LECRK-VII.2 of LOC_Os06g10790 is involved in the response to high temperature and drought in Arabidopsis [26] . The homologous gene UGT73B3 [27] of LOC_Os06g10860 and the homologous gene UGT85A2 [28] of LOC_Os07g30330 are involved in the stress response of Arabidopsis . The homologous gene PHT3 [29] of LOC_Os06g10810 is related to the redox reaction of Arabidopsis thaliana . These homologous genes on the one hand confirm the accuracy of the experimental results, on the other hand, further narrow the range of candidate genes in this study. The results showed that 75 DEGs were