Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Supersoft sources in XMM-Newton Small Magellanic Cloud fields. A symbiotic and a close binary or coo

We report the detection and study of two faint ROSAT supersoft X-ray sources in the SMC field withXMM-Newton, RX J0059.1−7505 and RX J0059.4−7118. Due to the larger eff ective area ofXMM-Newton we can constrain the X-ray spectra of both sources. RX J0059.1−7505 is optically identified with the symbiotic LIN 358 in the SMC. A ∼20 eV blackbody component dominates the observed spectrum. The soft blackbody component is consistent with steady nuclear burning in a shell although the spectrum is more complex than a simple blackbody continuum. RX J0059.4−7118 is not optically identified and we derive with the Optical Monitor (OM )a V magnitude >19.3 assuming an M0 spectral type. The X-ray spectrum is fitted with a blackbody component with a temperature of ∼90 eV and an additional spectrally hard component which can be reproduced with a powerlaw. The luminosity of RX J0059.4−7118 would be ∼4 × 10 34 erg s −1 at the distance of the SMC. This is too large for a Cataclysmic Variable (CV). The spectral appearance is not in agreement with a supersoft source in the SMC. Thus we suggest that RX J0059.4−7118 is a Galactic source. As the optical magnitude derived from the OM data may be too faint for a normal Galactic CV we examined the possibility that RX J0059.4−7118 is a polar CV in the Galaxy, an isolated cooling neutron star (INS) at distance ∼(1−2) kpc, a pulsar with a brown dwarf companion, or a Galactic quiescent low-mass X-ray binary (qLMXB). We favor the hypothesis of a Galactic CV because of variability in the EPIC-pn data with a timescale of ∼1 h. A third supersoft ROSAT source, RX J0050.5−7455, is not detected with XMM-Newton.
Effect of dielectric response on the quantum capacitance of graphene in a strong magnetic field

The quantum capacitance of graphene can be negative when the graphene is placed in a strong magnetic field, which is a clear experimental signature of positional correlations between electrons. Here we show that the quantum capacitance of graphene is also strongly affected by its dielectric polarizability, which in a magnetic field is wave vector-dependent. We study this effect both theoretically and experimentally. We develop a theory and numerical procedure for accounting for the graphene dielectric response, and we present measurements of the quantum capacitance of high-quality graphene capacitors on boron nitride. Theory and experiment are found to be in good agreement.
Melatonin’s Benefits and Risks as a Therapy for Sleep Disturbances in the Elderly: Current Insights

Abstract Aging is accompanied by circadian changes, including disruptive alterations in the sleep/wake cycle, as well as the beginning of low-degree inflammation (“inflammaging”), a scenario that leads to several chronic illnesses, including cancer, and metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurological dysfunctions. As a result, any effective approach to healthy aging must consider both the correction of circadian disturbance and the control of low-grade inflammation. One of the most important prerequisites for healthy aging is the preservation of robust circadian rhythmicity (particularly of the sleep/wake cycle). Sleep disturbance disrupts various activities in the central nervous system, including waste molecule elimination. Melatonin is a chemical with extraordinary phylogenetic conservation found in all known aerobic creatures whose alteration plays an important role in sleep changes with aging. Every day, the late afternoon/nocturnal surge in pineal melatonin helps to synchronize both the central circadian pacemaker found in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) and a plethora of peripheral cellular circadian clocks. Melatonin is an example of an endogenous chronobiotic substance that can influence the timing and amplitude of circadian rhythms. Moreover, melatonin is also an excellent anti-inflammatory agent, buffering free radicals, down-regulating proinflammatory cytokines, and reducing insulin resistance, among other things. We present both scientific and clinical evidence that melatonin is a safe drug for treating sleep disturbances in the elderly.
Comparative study of gyrokinetic, hybrid-kinetic and fully kinetic wave physics for space plasmas

A set of numerical solvers for the linear dispersion relations of the gyrokinetic (GK), the hybrid-kinetic (HK), and the fully kinetic (FK) model is employed to study the physics of the KAW and the fast magnetosonic mode in these models. In particular, we focus on parameters that are relevant for solar wind oriented applications (using a homogeneous, isotropic background), which are characterized by wave propagation angles averaging close to 90°. It is found that the GK model, while lacking high-frequency solutions and cyclotron effects, faithfully reproduces the FK Alfv\acute{e}n wave physics close to, and sometimes significantly beyond, the boundaries of its range of validity. The HK model, on the other hand, is much more complete in terms of high-frequency waves, but owing to its simple electron model it is found to severely underpredict wave damping rates even on ion spatial scales across a large range of parameters, despite containing full kinetic ion physics.
On Gibbsianness of Random Fields

The problem of characterization of Gibbs random fields is considered. Various Gibbsianness criteria are obtained using the earlier developed one-point framework which in particular allows to describe random fields by means of either one-point conditional or one-point finite-conditional distributions. The main outcome are the criteria in terms of one-point finite-conditional distribution, one of which can be taken as a purely probabilistic definition of Gibbs random field.
Electricity in the atmosphere

Eagerly awaited by scientists and academics worldwide, two more volumes of Richard Feynman's landmark Lectures on Physics on CD. "Basic Books" is proud to announce the next two volumes of the complete audio CD collection of the recorded lectures delivered by the late Richard P Feynman - lectures originally delivered to his physics students at the California Institute of Technology, and later fashioned by the author into his classic textbook "Lectures on Physics". Ranging from the most basic principles of Newtonian physics through such formidable theories as Einstein's general relativity, superconductivity and quantum mechanics, Feynman's 111 lectures stand as a monument of clear exposition and deep insight.
Optimal Stopping and Control Problems using the Legendre Transform

This thesis addresses some aspects of the connection between convex analysis andoptimal stopping and control problems. The first chapter contains a summary of theoriginal contributions made in subsequent chapters.The second chapter uses elementary tools from convex analysis to establish anextension of the Legendre transformation. These results complement the results in[66] and are used to provide an alternative proof that Nash equilibria exist in optimalstopping games driven by diffusions.In the third chapter a ? maximum principle? for singular stochastic control is es-tablished using methods from convex analysis which is a generalisation of the firstorder conditions derived in [18]. This ? maximum principle? is used to show that thesolution to certain singular stochastic control problems can be expressed in termsof a family of associated optimal stopping problems. These results connect the firstorder conditions in [3] and the representation result originating in [5] to variationalanalysis. In particular, the Legendre transform is used to derive first order conditionsfor a class of constrained optimisation problems.Sections 2.1-2.4 and Example 30 have been accepted for publication to the ? Journalof Convex Analysis? as [75] subject to minor corrections. The suggested revision hasbeen implemented in this thesis.
The Influence of Surface Modification with Biopolymers on the Structure of Melt-Blown and Spun-Bonded Poly(lactic acid) Nonwovens

The article presents the continuation of the research on modification of fibrous carriers based on poly(lactic acid) using the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method by the two types of biocompatible polymers—sodium hyaluronate and sodium alginate. Such modified nonwovens, differing in the structural parameters due to different manufacturing methods, could be potentially used in different biomedical applications. The results of the analysis indicate that the EPD process significantly changes the structural characteristics of the carrier in terms of thickness and porosity, which not always can be beneficial in terms of the final application. The varying structure of both carriers significantly influences the mode of deposition of the layer, the efficiency of the deposition process as well as the structural characteristics of the carrier after deposition. Microtomographic and SEM studies were employed to analyze the structure of deposits, and FTIR analysis allowed for confirmation of the occurrence of the polymer layers and its chemical structure.
Proposal for field M-theory

We construct a ultraviolet completion of the bosonic sector of 11-dimensional supergravity motivated by string field theory. We start from a general class of theories characterized by an entire nonpolynomial form factor which allows one to avoid new poles in the propagator and improves the high-energy behavior of the loops amplitudes. Comparing these models with effective string field theory, a unique form factor is selected out. In view of this, we modify 10-dimensional supergravity and finally get a ultraviolet completion of 11-dimensional supergravity by an oxidation process. The result is a candidate for a finite and unitary particle-field limit of M-theory.
Machine Learning Models for Classification of Human Emotions Using Multivariate Brain Signals

Humans can portray different expressions contrary to their emotional state of mind. Therefore, it is difficult to judge humans’ real emotional state simply by judging their physical appearance. Although researchers are working on facial expressions analysis, voice recognition, and gesture recognition; the accuracy levels of such analysis are much less and the results are not reliable. Hence, it becomes vital to have realistic emotion detector. Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals remain neutral to the external appearance and behavior of the human and help in ensuring accurate analysis of the state of mind. The EEG signals from various electrodes in different scalp regions are studied for performance. Hence, EEG has gained attention over time to obtain accurate results for the classification of emotional states in human beings for human–machine interaction as well as to design a program where an individual could perform a self-analysis of his emotional state. In the proposed scheme, we extract power spectral densities of multivariate EEG signals from different sections of the brain. From the extracted power spectral density (PSD), the features which provide a better feature for classification are selected and classified using long short-term memory (LSTM) and bi-directional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM). The 2-D emotion model considered for the classification of frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital is studied. The region-based classification is performed by considering positive and negative emotions. The performance accuracy of our previous model’s results of artificial neural network (ANN), support vector machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbor (K-NN), and LSTM was compared and 94.95% accuracy was received using Bi-LSTM considering four prefrontal electrodes.
Subfactors of index less than 5, part 2: quadratic tangles and triple points

This paper gives two applications of Jones’s quadratic tangles techniques to the classification of subfactors with index below 5. In particular, we eliminate two of the five families of possible principal graphs called “weeds” in the classication from [13]. The two families we eliminate here each have principal graph pairs whose first branch point is a triple point, and which continue assymetrically past that. AMS Classification 46L37; 18D10
Ultra-high-frequency ECG assessment of QRS fragmentation predicts sudden cardiac death risk in inherited arrhythmia syndromes

Fragmentation of the QRS complex, as a surrogate for scar or functionally disrupted ventricular activation, has been postulated as a risk factor for malignant ventricular arrhythmias across a range of cardiac diagnoses including cardiomyopathies, channelopathies and myocardial infarction. Fragmentation is subtle on the conventionally filtered 12-lead ECG and can easily be missed or over-diagnosed. Isolation of high-frequency (HF) QRS components could overcome this to demonstrate easily identifiable fragmentation but this has previously been limited by technological constraints resulting in a limited range of measured frequencies (150–300Hz). Ultra-high-frequency ECG (UHF-ECG) is a novel technology that utilises amplification and signal-averaging techniques to reliably measure frequencies up to 1000Hz. We explored the use of UHF-ECG in arrhythmia risk stratification. We recruited 60 participants to undergo UHF-ECG recordings, including 23 healthy volunteers and 37 patients with inherited arrhythmia syndromes: 25 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), 5 Brugada syndrome, 4 arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, 3 idiopathic ventricular fibrillation, 2 long QT syndrome and 1 non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy. The arrhythmia risk status of patients with inherited disease was classified, by two independent researchers, into high or low risk based on their history of cardiac arrest, sustained ventricular arrhythmia, appropriate therapy, syncope and programmed ventricular stimulation result. A third researcher adjudicated disagreement. Two further researchers, blinded to aforementioned risk status, independently assessed the UHF-ECG recordings of all participants. 40 patients were classified as low risk, and 20 as high. Healthy volunteer UHF-ECGs showed uniform ventricular activation with single HF peaks in each lead. High-risk patients' UHF-ECGs showed multiple HF peaks, representing QRS fragmentation. The maximum number of HF peaks in any lead was used to measure severity of fragmentation. Example UHF-ECGs are shown in Figure 1. Fragmentation severity (number of peaks) correlated with arrhythmia risk status (chi-square statistic = 8.95, p-value = 0.03) across all participants (Figure 2) and when comparing high to low risk patients with inherited disease. UHF-ECG fragmentation could be observed even when the 12-lead ECG did not show any observable fragmentation. Among patients with inherited disease, patients with HCM showed the largest difference in UHF-ECG fragmentation between high and low risk. UHF-ECG fragmentation analysis showed excellent reproducibility with no difference in number of peaks identified between two independent assessors. We demonstrate proof-of-concept that a novel ultra-high-frequency tool for measuring a broad range of high frequency QRS components can be used for sudden death risk stratification in patients with inherited cardiac conditions. Type of funding sources: None.
Factors Predicting Malignant Occurrence and Polyp Recurrence after the Endoscopic Resection of Large Colorectal Polyps: A Single Center Experience

Background: The aim of this study was to identify risk factors contributing to the malignancy of colorectal polyps, as well as risk factors for recurrence after the successful endoscopic mucosal resection of large colorectal polyps in a referral center. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study was performed in patients diagnosed with large (≥20 mm diameter) colorectal polyps and treated in the period from January 2014 to December 2019 at the University Hospital Medical Center Bezanijska Kosa, Belgrade, Serbia. Based on the endoscopic evaluation and classification of polyps, the following procedures were performed: en bloc resection, piecemeal resection or surgical treatment. Results: A total of 472 patients with large colorectal polyps were included in the study. The majority of the study population were male (62.9%), with a mean age of 65.7 ± 10.8 years. The majority of patients had one polyp (73.7%) less than 40 mm in size (74.6%) sessile morphology (46.4%), type IIA polyps (88.2%) or polyps localized in the descending colon (52.5%). The accessibility of the polyp was complicated in 17.4% of patients. En bloc resection was successfully performed in 61.0% of the patients, while the rate of piecemeal resection was 26.1%. Due to incomplete endoscopic resection, surgery was performed in 5.1% of the patients, while 7.8% of the patients were referred to surgery directly. Hematochezia (p = 0.001), type IIB polyps (p < 0.001) and complicated polyp accessibility (p = 0.002) were significant independent predictors of carcinoma presence in a multivariate logistic regression analysis. Out of the 472 patients enrolled in the study, 364 were followed after endoscopic resection for colorectal polyp recurrence, which was observed in 30 patients (8.2%) during follow-up. Piecemeal resection (p = 0.048) and incomplete resection success (p = 0.013) were significant independent predictors of polyp recurrence in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. Conclusions: Whenever an endoscopist encounters a complex colorectal lesion (i.e., a polyp with complicated accessibility), polyp size > 40 mm, the Laterally Spreading Tumor nongranular (LST-NG) morphological type, type IIB polyps or the presence of hematochezia, malignancy risk should be considered before making the decision to either resect, refer to an advanced endoscopist or perform surgery.
A Test of Multivariate Normality Oriented for Testing Elliptical Symmetry

A chi-squared test of multivariate normality is suggested which is oriented for detecting deviations from elliptical symmetry. We derive the limiting distribution of the test statistic via a central limit theorem on empirical processes. A simulation study is conducted to study the accuracy of the limiting distribution in finite samples. Finally, we compare the power of our method with those of other popular tests of multivariate normality under a non-normal distribution.
Analysis of the Deflection of Over-Truss Bridge Deck Using Finite Element Approach

Deflection is basically the bend or curve that occurs within materials when loads are applied to them. A structure should be designed to be able to properly resist the applied loads and failure to do that makes the deflection visible and consequently lead to failure. During the course of this work the dead load, live load and environmental wind load acting on the bridge structure were calculated using the Analytical method and the calculated loads were used to analyze the bridge numerically using the STAAD pro software. The Plate stress animation from the STAAD software showed portions that were under intense loading on the concrete deck. From the animation, Steel beams 42, 45, 49, 53 and 57 were directly supporting these portions of the decks and were chosen for analysis. These beams were analyzed in terms of deflection, shear and bending. The values for shear, deflection, and bending for the five steel beams were compared under both approaches and their percentage difference was calculated. Comparing the results obtained from the analytical and numerical method gave a percentage difference of 4.39 %, 0.6 %, 0.93 %, 3.67 % and 1.19 % for shear, 6.29 %, 3.23 %, 1.07 %, 4.28 % and 1.14 % for bending, 12.5 %, 7.6 %, 4.08 %, 2.45 % and 2.6 % for deflection. 80 % of results obtained were less than 5 % in percentage difference and with this result, it is concluded that both methods are suitable for design. The Numerical method was nevertheless chosen to be a more economical and accurate method because it incorporates reliable safety factors that cater for uncertainties in its approach
A remark on gauge invariance in wavelet-based quantum field theory

Wavelet transform has been attracting attention as a tool for regularization of gauge theories since the first paper of (Federbush, Progr. Theor. Phys. 94, 1135, 1995), where the integral representation of the fields by means of the wavelet transform was suggested: $$A_{\mu}(x) = \frac{1}{C_\psi} \int_{\R_+ \times\R^d} \frac{1}{a^d} g \left(\frac{x-b}{a} \right) A_{\mu a}(b) \frac{dad^db}{a},$$ with $A_{\mu a}(b)$ being understood as the fields $A_\mu$ measured at point $b\in \R^d$ with resolution $a\in\R_+$. In present paper we consider a wavelet-based theory of gauge fields, provide a counterpart of the gauge transform for the scale-dependent fields: $A_{\mu a}(x)\to A_{\mu a}(x)+\d_\mu f_a(x)$, and derive the Ward-Takahashi identities for them.
Scattering particles in quantum spin chains

A variational approach for constructing an effective particle description of the low-energy physics of one-dimensional quantum spin chains is presented. Based on the matrix product state formalism, we compute the one- and two-particle excitations as eigenstates of the full microscopic Hamiltonian. We interpret the excitations as particles on a strongly correlated background with nontrivial dispersion relations, spectral weights, and two-particle S matrices. Based on this information, we show how to describe a finite density of excitations as an interacting gas of bosons, using its approximate integrability at low densities. We apply our framework to the Heisenberg antiferromagnetic ladder: we compute the elementary excitation spectrum and the magnon-magnon S matrix, study the formation of bound states, and determine both static and dynamic properties of the magnetized ladder.
Mundtlighed i et testperspektiv

Der findes både direkte (performancebaserede) og indirekte (fx højtlæsning, gentagelse af ytringer) tests i mundtlig sprogfærdighed. I Danmark er der en præference for performancebaserede tests på grund af deres autenticitet. Når man udvikler opgaver og vurderingskriterier til performancebaserede tests, er det vigtigt at forstå, hvad det ‘at være flydende’ på et sprog betyder, dvs. hvilke kognitive processer den mundtlige produktion kræver, og hvordan man kan observere dem i performancen. Derfor diskuterer denne artikel forskellige teoretiske modeller af mundtlig produktion, hvor mundtligheden både har en kognitiv og en social dimension. Uanset talerens alder eller konteksten (undervisningsniveau, modersmål eller fremmedsprog osv.) beskrives den kognitive proces som et samspil mellem makroog mikroplanlægning, grammatisk kodning, morfofonemisk kodning og fonetisk kodning (Segalowitz 2010; Levelt 1989). For at opnå flydende tale skal processen automatiseres, dvs. den kognitive bearbejdning skal blive nem og hurtig. Under hensyntagen til vanskelighederne ved at observere disse kognitive processer, dvs. hvad der foregår i hovedet, når taleren gennemgår de forskellige kodninger under sprogproduktionen, opstiller man hypoteser om den mundtlige sprogproduktionsproces på grundlag af den performance, som kan observeres og måles. Derfor præsenterer artiklen de variabler, som kan benyttes til at måle fluency, eller flydende tale, fordi de bedst svarer til de forskellige niveauer af mundtlig sprogfærdighed. Endvidere gør artiklen rede for tre aspekter af den mundtlige produktion, som drejer sig om perceptuel fluency, eller hvordan lytteren opfatter talerens sprogproduktion: intelligibili-