Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Motor Imagery Tasks on Brain Functional Networks Based on EEG Mu/Beta Rhythm

Motor imagery (MI) refers to the mental rehearsal of movement in the absence of overt motor action, which can activate or inhibit cortical excitability. EEG mu/beta oscillations recorded over the human motor cortex have been shown to be consistently suppressed during both the imagination and performance of movements, although the specific effect on brain function remains to be confirmed. In this study, Granger causality (GC) was used to construct the brain functional network of subjects during motor imagery and resting state based on EEG in order to explore the effects of motor imagery on brain function. Parameters of the brain functional network were compared and analyzed, including degree, clustering coefficient, characteristic path length and global efficiency of EEG mu/beta rhythm in different states. The results showed that the clustering coefficient and efficiency of EEG mu/beta rhythm decreased significantly during motor imagery (p < 0.05), while degree distribution and characteristic path length increased significantly (p < 0.05), mainly concentrated in the frontal lobe and sensorimotor area. For the resting state after motor imagery, the changes of brain functional characteristics were roughly similar to those of the task state. Therefore, it is concluded that motor imagery plays an important role in activation of cortical excitability.
Pentacyclic Triterpenoids Isolated from Celastraceae: A Focus in the 13C-NMR Data

The Celastraceae family comprises about 96 genera and more than 1.350 species, occurring mainly in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The species of this family stand out as important plant sources of triterpenes, both in terms of abundance and structural diversity. Triterpenoids found in Celastraceae species display mainly lupane, ursane, oleanane, and friedelane skeletons, exhibiting a wide range of biological activities such as antiviral, antimicrobial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic against various tumor cell lines. This review aimed to document all triterpenes isolated from different botanical parts of species of the Celastraceae family covering 2001 to 2021. Furthermore, a compilation of their 13C-NMR data was carried out to help characterize compounds in future investigations. A total of 504 pentacyclic triterpenes were compiled and distinguished as 29 aromatic, 50 dimers, 103 friedelanes, 89 lupanes, 102 oleananes, 22 quinonemethides, 88 ursanes and 21 classified as others.
Clinical Experience of Scrubs Typhus Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Eastern India

Background- Scrubs typhus, an acute febrile illness caused by the bacteria Orienta tsutsugamushi which is a Rickettsia tsutsugamushi infection worldwide. During the 2nd world war, scrub typhus caused is the most common re-emerging Rickettsia tsutsugamushi infection, resulting in morbidity & mortality in the border region and other southeastern East Asia. Methods-This retrospective study was conducted from 2015 to 2020 at AMRI Hospitals Bhubaneswar. A total number of 122 patient data was studied for this survey. Significant clinical findings such as fever. Jaundice, GIT symptoms were studied also including basic test parameters like renal profile, liver function test, respiratory, cardiac vascular, central nervous system dysfunction. The clinical data obtained were entered in Microsoft Excel-2019 later converted into a statistical package for social science (SPSS) 11.5 version for statistical analysis. Results- Symptoms such as a high-grade fever, chills, shortness of breath, heart and vascular involvement, renal involvement, and jaundice are not the same as tropical fever. For an average day of fever, it was found that it lasted an average of 8 days. Two or more than two number of organ failures were shown to be the most common cause of death for patients. The duration of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) is seven days, whereas the duration of stay on the general ward is eleven days. Acute renal damage (36%) and jaundice (38%) were also seen in 76 and 38 percent of patients, respectively. Acute respiratory distress syndrome, necessitating a non-invasive ventilator seen in 42% of patients hospitalized, whereas acute renal damage, requiring hemodialysis, accounted for 12% of patients admitted. Meningitis or meningoencephalitis is the most predominant manifestation of central nervous system. While heart failure, myocardial infarction, and ECG abnormalities were also found to be involved. Conclusion- Scrub typhus is now among the most common causes of acute fibril illness in India. Scrub typhus is a re-emerging disease in India after decades. Early diagnosis and management is significant because there is a phenomenal reaction to treat with antibiotics which shall help in reducing mortality and disease complication from this infectious disease. Keywords: Scrub Typhus, Orientia tsutsugamushi, Multiorgan dysfunctions, Early diagnosis.
Expedient Standing Or Squatting Placental Delivery And Postpartum Hemorrhage: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Objective: To compare expedient delivery of the placenta in standing or squatting by 3 minutes postpartum to current third stage management.Design, Setting, Sample and Methods: A retrospective cohort study comparing 2 practices with identical inclusion criteria differing in third stage management: 2,154 planned, attended low risk vaginal births using expedient squatting to 2,691 planned, attended low risk vaginal births using various forms of active or expectant management.Main Outcome measures: PPH≥1000 cc and manual removal of placenta.Results: Among comparable populations, combinations of active and expectant management resulted in 4.1% PPH≥1000 cc, whereas expedient delivery of the placenta in standing or squatting by 3 minutes postpartum resulted in 0% PPH≥500 cc.Conclusion: Less postpartum bleeding and postpartum hemorrhage occurs when women push out the placenta with the assistance of gravity and expedience, in standing or squatting by 3 minutes after birth. “The mind of the beginner is empty, open to all possibilities, free of the habits of the expert. ”
Review on Research Progress of Air-conditioning System in Underground Railway Stations in China

In this paper,three modes of air-conditioning system in underground railway stations in China were introduced with examples,including open ventilated system,shut ventilated system and platform screen doors system,also their characteristics were analyzed respectively.Furthermore,the optimization schemes of air-conditioning system were presented from the aspects of control mode,air supply mode,cold/heat source and so on.Besides,the available application scopes of different optimization schemes were discussed.
Cup-to-Disk Ratio Detection of Optic Disk in Fundus Images Based on YOLOv5

The cup-to-disc ratio measurement system is proposed to measure the cup-to-disc ratio of optic disk in fundus images. We use the trained YOLOv5 model to detect the optic disc and segment the region of interest of the optic disc. Focusing on the interesting region, a series of image processing procedures are performed: 1) to filter out the outside region of the optic disk, 2) to detect and remove blood vessels, 3) to specify the 120-degree sector area, and 4) to measure C/D ratio. The proposed measurement system obtains a reasonable C/D ratio and judgment.
The Long-Term Prediction of Time Series: A Granular Computing-Based Design Approach

In time-series forecasting, it is an important task to make an accurate and interpretable long-term prediction. In this article, we present a novel approach developed from the perspective of granular computing (GrC) to realize the long-term prediction of time series. The proposed method first employs a sliding window strategy to smooth on the raw time series. Subsequently, the smoothed time series is transformed into the corresponding granular time series that is depicted by evolving shape with the aid of the clustering algorithm based on the dynamic time warping (DTW) distance. Finally, a Takagi–Sugeno (TS) architecture-like granular model (GrM) is formed by deriving the relations implying in the granular time series and offers the granular output in the numeric vector format. The GrM adopts the pattern-to-pattern inference mechanism to realize the long-term prediction of time series at the vector level. Experiments on several datasets demonstrate that the proposed method not only has the ability to circumvent the cumulative error but also makes the resulting GrM equip better interpretability.
Contact resistivities of metal-insulator-semiconductor contacts and metal-semiconductor contacts

Applying simulations and experiments, this paper systematically compares contact resistivities (ρc) of metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) contacts and metal-semiconductor (MS) contacts with various semiconductor doping concentrations (Nd). Compared with the MS contacts, the MIS contacts with the low Schottky barrier height are more beneficial for ρc on semiconductors with low Nd, but this benefit diminishes gradually when Nd increases. With high Nd, we find that even an “ideal” MIS contact with optimized parameters cannot outperform the MS contact. As a result, the MIS contacts mainly apply to devices that use relatively low doped semiconductors, while we need to focus on the MS contacts to meet the sub-1 × 10−8 Ω cm2 ρc requirement for future Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) technology.
Reversing type 1 diabetes with stem cell–derived islets: a step closer to the dream?

Ernest McCulloch and James Till established the properties of stem cells in the 1960s (1), fueling interest in exploiting the ability of pluripotent cells to replace dysfunctional tissue in disease states. This concept has particular appeal for type 1 diabetes, a condition in which the loss of approximately 0.8 g of pancreatic β cells results in a lifelong need for insulin injections. Added to this, type 1 diabetes can be reversed by a pancreas or islet cell transplant, which provides proof of principle for cell-based therapy (2). Whole pancreas transplants require major surgery, and 99% of the allograft has no relevance to insulin secretion. Intraportal infusion of islets isolated from the pancreas of brain-dead donors has been carried out with partial success for more than 20 years. Barriers to wider use of isolated islets include a marked shortage of suitable donors, physical and ischemic damage to islets during isolation and transfer, and the need for long-term immunosuppression. Even so, insulin independence can be transformative for those who achieve it. Recent progress in cell-based therapies for diabetes Stem cell–derived insulin-producing cells can theoretically be generated in endless quantities, potentially overcoming the constraints in both supply and viability. Two companies, ViaCyte and Vertex, have recently reported preliminary data from ongoing clinical trials of stem cell–based therapies for type 1 diabetes. The approaches […]
ParaX : Bandwidth-Efficient Instance Assignment for DL on Multi-NUMA Many-Core CPUs

Commercial clouds now heavily use CPUs in DL (deep learning) because there are large numbers of CPUs which would otherwise sit idle during off-peak periods. Following the trend, CPU vendors have not only released high-performance many-core CPUs but also developed efficient math kernel libraries. However, current DL platforms cannot scale well to a large number of CPU cores, making many-core CPUs inefficient in DL computation. We analyze the memory access patterns of various layers and identify the root cause of the low scalability, i.e., the per-layer barriers that are implicitly imposed by current platforms which assign one single instance (i.e., one batch of input data) to a CPU. The barriers cause severe memory bandwidth contention and CPU starvation in the access-intensive layers (like activation and BN). This paper presents a novel approach called ParaX, which boosts the performance of DL on multi-NUMA (non-uniform memory access) many-core CPUs by effectively alleviating bandwidth contention and CPU starvation. Our key idea is to assign one instance to each CPU core instead of to the entire CPU, so as to remove the per-layer barriers on the executions of the many cores. ParaX designs an ultralight scheduling policy which sufficiently overlaps the access-intensive layers with the compute-intensive ones to avoid contention, and proposes a NUMA-aware gradient server mechanism for training which leverages shared memory to substantially reduce the overhead of per-iteration parameter synchronization. We have implemented ParaX on MXNet. Extensive evaluation on a two-NUMA Intel 8280 CPU shows that ParaX significantly improves the training/inference throughput for all tested models (for image recognition and natural language processing) by <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.73\times \sim 2.93{\times}$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>. </mml:mo><mml:mn>73</mml:mn><mml:mo>×</mml:mo><mml:mo>∼</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mo>. </mml:mo><mml:mn>93</mml:mn><mml:mo>×</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="zhang-ieq1-3145164.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>.
Select your character: Individual needs and avatar choice.

Avatars represent the self in virtual spaces, such as videogames, but little is known about how we choose them. Here, we propose that avatars might help to satisfy psychological needs, in addition to serving other functions, with choice in ﬂ uenced by whether an avatar can ful ﬁ ll these needs. Those higher in Need for Warmth should be drawn to avatars perceived as warm, and the same might be true for those high in Need for Competence and the perceived competence of avatars. We asked 287 university students to rate videogame avatars on a variety of dimensions, including warmth and competence, and to also report on their needs. Using multilevel models, we demonstrated that avatars that were perceived as warmer were more likely to be selected than those that were not, and, as predicted, this relationship was stronger for individuals higher in Need for Warmth. Avatars perceived as more competent were also more likely to be chosen than those that were not, but this was not moderated by Need for Competence. Choice of video- game characters is thus partly based on an alignment with some, but not all, psychological needs.
Building Indonesian Emotions Recognition Model by Utilizing Emphasized Emotions in Written Text

Emotions are frequently emphasized in natural language text, expressing the speakers' feelings. Several studies have described techniques to build Indonesian emotion recognition models. In this work, we propose 39 feature engineering combinations by combining various feature extraction techniques, data preprocessing, word embedding models, different pooling techniques, and machine learning classifiers. Based on our experiment, the best performance model is the term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) with logistic regression, stemmed dataset, and augmented dataset, which gains 66.09% F1-score and 65.27% accuracy. Moreover, our experiment produced an improved performance from the previous research by 0.96%, 1.44%, and 2.01% on the TF-IDF, word2vec, and fastText approaches, respectively.
Sequences of selective rotation operators for three group clustering on qutrits by means of quantum annealing

Recently, it was demonstrated1 that the clustering considered in this articlec, which consists in partitioning a set of data points into subsets depending on the proximity of some properties, can be performed using quantum annealing on a system of two-level quantum elements - qubits. In previous work2, we proposed to pass from qubits to qutrits - three-level quantum elements showed the advantages of such a replacement and obtained a time-dependent effective Hamiltonian. In the present paper, we have found a sequence of selective rotation operators that allows one to realize adiabatic evolution with this effective Hamiltonian in the discrete-time approximation. On five qutrits, represented by spins S = 1, we performed a simulation of clustering a set of six points on a plane into three groups by means of quantum annealing.
Resolution of Virtual Grating Orientation With 2-DOF and 3-DOF Force Feedback Systems

The present study describes experiments comparing human observers’ ability to resolve the orientation of grating stimuli presented on a 3-DOF haptic interface (PHANToM) and a 2-DOF haptic interface (Immersion IE2000 joystick). Although the force renderings for the two devices are of necessity quite distinct, both yield surprisingly credible percepts of surface texture. Accordingly, resolution for sinusoidal gratings (3-DOF device) and “square-wave” gratings (2-DOF device) was measured as the minimum spatial period required to determine which of two grating orientations had been presented. For the 3-DOF device, this ability was tested for a range of grating amplitudes. For the 2-DOF device, a range of damping constants was employed. Pilot results showed better performance for the 2-DOF device, most likely attributable to the sharp delineation of “edges” for the gratings presented, as compared to the “edgeless” sinusoidal gratings presented on the 3-DOF device. In addition, observers reported a number of interesting perceptual phenomena when stimuli were close to threshold.
Accretion of the Relativistic Vlasov Gas onto a Moving Schwarzschild Black Hole: Low-temperature Limit and Numerical Aspects

New developments related to our recent study of the accretion of the Vlasov gas onto a moving Schwarzschild black hole are presented. We discuss the low-temperature limit of the mas accretion rate and a simple Monte Carlo simulation used to check the results obtained in this limit. We also comment on several numerical aspects related with momentum integrals expressing the particle density current and the particle density.
Prevalence of Anxiety, Depression, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Among Amputees Attending Jaipur Foot Trust Artificial Limb Centre in Kenya

Background: Amputees have been noted to present with various psychiatric disorders including anxiety, body image disturbances, depression, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). However, there is limited data available on the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and PTSD among amputees in Kenya despite the high incidences of amputations in Kenyan hospitals. This study aimed at finding out the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder among amputees attending the Jaipur Foot Trust Center in Kenya.Method: This study took a cross-sectional descriptive study design. One hundred and forty-one patients attending the Jaipur Foot Trust were recruited to participate in the study after giving informed consent using a non-probability purposive sampling method. A socio-demographic questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic characteristics. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to assess the patient's depression. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale was used to assess the patient's anxiety level and The Impact of Event Scale (IES-R) was used to assess the severity of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 23. Results: Findings from this study showed high rates of psychiatric morbidity where two-thirds of the patients reported PTSD (65%) with more than three-quarters of patients being diagnosed with depression (89.4%) and anxiety (91.5%). Also, there was a significant correlation between depression, anxiety, and PTSD, such that participants who had higher scores on anxiety and depression had significantly higher PTSD scores.Conclusion: Anxiety, Depression, and PTSD are very common psychological reactions in patients who have undergone amputation. The researchers expected that some of the sociodemographic factors and some amputation-related characteristics would have a relation with psychiatric comorbidity. However, the findings of this study did not show any such relationship except the relation between anxiety, depression, and PTSD. Early psychological assessment and interventions after amputations will help alleviate psychological distress
The Use of CT Head in Diagnosing Subarachnoid Haemorrhage

Objectives: The aim of our audit was to assess whether a LP is necessary for a diagnosis of SAH if the CT head is negative within six hours. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 701 CT heads over 15 days was carried out at Lincoln County hospital from 1st to 15th January 2020. Provisional diagnosis of each CT head request was recorded. Radiologists’ reports were analyzed and the positive findings were recorded. Patients who had a provisional diagnosis of SAH and had a negative CT head, were further investigated to check if they had a LP and results were recorded. Timing of the CT heads from the onset of symptoms was recorded. Results: Results showed 7% of CT heads were requested to rule out SAH, 51% to rule out other intracranial bleeds and the reminder of requests were for other pathologies. Out of the 7% requests for SAH, 2% were picked up on the CT scans. The remaining 5% of the patients all had LP. All of the LPs were negative and showed no signs of a SAH. The timing of CT scans showed that only 32% of patients with provisional diagnosis of SAH had a CT head within 6 hours. 100% of patients had the CT head done within 12 hours of presentation. Conclusion: More confidence is needed in using CT heads if done within six hours from symptom onset. Due to high risks associated with LPs, pretest probability should be high before considering LPs.
Using Few-Shot Learning Materials of Multiple SPOCs to Develop Early Warning Systems to Detect Students at Risk

Early warning systems (EWSs) have been successfully used in online classes, especially in massive open online courses, where it is nearly impossible for students to interact face-to-face with their teachers. Although teachers in higher education institutions typically have smaller class sizes, they also face the challenge of being unable to have direct contact with their students during distance teaching. In this research, we examined the online learning trajectories of students participating in four small private online courses that were all taught by one teacher. We collected relevant data of 1,307 students from the campus learning management system. Subsequently, we constructed 18 prediction models, one for each week of the course, to develop an EWS for identifying students in online asynchronous learning at risk of failing (i.e., students who fail their final examination). Our results indicated that the fifth-week model successfully predicted student performance, with an accuracy exceeding 83% from the eighth week onward.