Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Step Overlap as an Automatic Measure in Dairy Cow Locomotion

The aim of this study was to explore the possibility of capturing cow locomotion activity by computer vision techniques and to calculate the correlation between step overlap and manually measured locomotion scores. In two experiments, a total of 208 video recordings of 85 individual lactating cows were gait scored visually by an observer. The side-view videos were recorded when cows were freely passing the experimental setup. After image processing, the imprint location, step overlap, body size, and relative step overlap were calculated. The values of automatically measured step overlap showed a high correlation with the manually measured step overlap (R2 = 0.739, p < 0.001; R2 = 0.809, p < 0.001). The maximal step overlap allowed differentiation between gait scores 1 and 3 (p = 0.032) and between gait scores 2 and 3 (p = 0.039). The difference between gait scores 1 and 2 was not significant (p = 0.079). There was a large variation between individual cows, in both the progress of lameness and the influence on step overlap. Changes in step overlap were also seen that were not matched by changes in gait score. Step overlap is a variable that shows a relationship with manual gait scores, but it is not strong enough to be used as a single classifier for lameness in all cows.
EFFECTS OF ROOT PLANTS AND LITTER ON SOIL MACROPOROSITY, INFILTATION RATE AND EROSION

Plant roots and litter produced by tree that grow have an important role in the entry of rainwater into the soil (infiltration) as water storage in the future. The effects of plant roots and litter on increasing infiltration rate is due to increased soil macroporosity. The presence of roots that spread in various layers in the soil profile will further increase the organic matter content of the soil and loosen the soil thereby increasing soil macroporosity. In addition, dead roots will form empty spaces that can be filled by infiltration water, as well as active roots that have gaps between roots and soil that can be filled infiltration water. The high infiltration rate will reduce the amount of excessive runoff water so as to reduce the occurrence of erosion.
No-Antibiotic-Pectin-Based Treatment Differently Modified Cloaca Bacteriobiome of Male and Female Broiler Chickens

As the information about the effect of pectin prebiotics on chicken gut microbiota is scarce, by using high throughput metagenomic sequencing with Illumina Miseq we examined the cloaca bacteriobiome of male and female chickens receiving antibiotic- or pectin-containing drinking water. The bacteriobiome was dominated by two phyla (Firmicutes and Proteobacteria) and three classes (Clostridia, Bacilli and Gammaproteobacteria), with the difference displayed by the relative abundance of 42 OTUs. At the level of the major dominant OTUs, prebiotic supplementation drastically increased Enterococcus abundance (from 0 to 11% and 23% in males and females, respectively). The better feed use efficiency and growth performance of the pectin-receiving chickens implied their better health and corroborated putative beneficial role of the altered bacteriobiome, although its ecophysiological and/or pathogenic importance could not be readily inferred. Notably, the gut microbiota response to antibiotics showed more sex-related differential OTUs as compared to the pectin prebiotic (19 vs. 4), suggesting different mechanisms of the studied supplementations in shaping the gut bacteriobiome in different sexes. Therefore, we recommend targeting sex as a separate factor in interventional studies to account for sex-specific peculiarities in the microbiome response and taking into account the male/female ratio of industrial flocks prior to choosing a production technology. The studied prebiotic (pectin) can be used in developing new pre/symbiotic preparations and supplementation regimes as alternatives to antibiotics for stimulating broiler chicken production.
CD metrology on OPC features using light optical and electron optical tools

TO enable lithography at low k1 factors, OPC on photo masks is a method of strong and growing importance. But CD metrology of OPC features is suffering form several drawbacks: (1) OPC structures often do not have two parallel edges, which are required for usual CD metrology methods; (2) There are no commonly agreed standard definitions how and where to measure some types of OPC structures; (3) The CDs are very small; (4) There is no automated software for the measurement of OPC structures on operator level. A metrology method and a fully automated software for metrology of OPC structures based on LWM optical CD metrology tools is shown in this paper. It automatically distinguishes between hammerheads and serifs in various orientations. The method works analog to pitch measurements and requires only pitch calibration and no additional CD calibration. The results of light optical metrology tools with i-line and DUV wavelength is compared to CD SEM results.
Error rate performance of atmospheric laser communication based on bubble model

Free-Space Optics (FSO) can provide an effective line-of-sight and wireless communication with high bandwidth over a short distance. As a promising field of wireless communication, FSO is being accepted as an alternative of the more expensive fiber-optic based solutions. Despite the advantages of FSO, atmospheric turbulence has a significant impact on laser beam propagating through the channel in the atmosphere over a long distance. Turbulent eddies of various size and refractive index result in intensity scintillation and phase wander, which can severely impair the quality of FSO communication system. In this paper, a new geometrical model is used to assess the effects of turbulence on laser beam in its propagation path. The atmosphere is modeled along the transmission path filled with spatial-distributed spherical bubbles. The size and refractive index discontinuity of each bubble is K-distributed. This Monte Carlo technique allows us to estimate the fluctuation of intensity and phase shifts along the path. A pair of uncollimated rays arrives at the receiver through different path, and an optical path difference is produced. This difference causes a delay between the two rays. At the receiver, as the two rays are superposed, the delay ultimately affects the judgement of the bits. In the simulation, we assume that when the delay exceeds half of the bit width, bit error is possible. On the contrary, when the delay is less than the bit width, the bit error will not happen. Based on this assumption, we calculate the BER under different conditions, and results are further analyzed.
A novel high density, low voltage SRAM cell with a vertical NDR device

A novel 8F/sup 2/ NDR-based cell for giga-scale SRAMs on silicon substrates is presented. The new SRAM cell uses a thin vertical PNPN structure with gate-assisted turn-off and turn-on mechanisms. Experimental measurements show standby cell currents lower than 10 pA//spl mu/m/sup 2/, switching speeds faster than 40 ns, and operating voltages as low as 1.5 V. An SRAM based on this new cell is comparable in cell area, standby current, architecture, speed, and fabrication process to a DRAM of the same capacity. To our knowledge, this cell has the lowest standby power consumption reported so far for an NDR-based SRAM cell either on silicon or on III-V substrates.
Control Scheme for Mitigation of Output Power Fluctuations in Grid Connected Wound Rotor Induction Generator

Various dynamic slip control topologies for control of grid connected wound rotor induction generator (WRIG) are presented in this paper. An elegant control technique based on rotor voltage measurement for mitigation of output power fluctuations in grid connected schemes of WRIG, due to wind speed variation and tower shadow effect has been proposed and explained. The control of WRIG is achieved by employing the principle of chopper control for varying the rotor voltage (resistance). This technique has been utilized to achieve desired amount of real power flow into the grid from WRIG. The described dynamic slip control topologies and the control algorithm have been simulated using PSCAD/EMTDC software and are experimentally validated.
A New Design Method for Unequal Dual-Band Modified Wilkinson Power Divider

Abstract A new design method for a dual-band (or dual-frequency) modified Wilkinson power divider with an unequal power dividing ratio is proposed in this article. First, a dual-band transformer with a flexible transmission line stub, which can be fabricated by a shorted-circuit stub or an open-circuit stub, for two arbitrary real impedances is analyzed, and the rigorous design method is obtained. It is necessary to apply the asymmetric structure in all unequal power dividers in order to obtain unequal power dividing; thus, an asymmetric structure, which consists of two equivalent asymmetric dual-band transformers with a parallel transmission line stub in the input matching part, is developed for an unequal dual-band power divider. A resistor is then used in this proposed power divider, as the effective isolation structure to obtain ideal isolation between two output ports while two-section transmission line transformers are applied to match impedances at two output ports. In the synthesis procedure, two groups of closed-form design equations of this unequal dual-band power divider without reactive lumped-elements are given. Furthermore, simulations of two sample examples have verified the new structure and the design method for this power divider in theory. Finally, a practical microstrip power divider, which operates at both 0.95 GHz and 2.28 GHz with 3 dB power dividing ratio, is designed, fabricated and tested. There are good agreements between the simulated and measured results.
Design of Single-Phase Line-Start Permanent Magnet Motor Using Equivalent Circuit Method

In this research, the design procedure and the design method of a single-phase line-start permanent magnet motor (LSPM) are proposed. In the design procedure, the permanent magnet is designed first and the windings and capacitors are designed later. As well, the points of design of each design parameter are explained. In the design of the single-phase LSPM, the equivalent circuit method is combined with the finite element method (FEM) because it has a shorter analysis time than FEM. The 400 watts single-phase LSPM is designed and manufactured. The characteristics of the manufactured single-phase LSPM are analyzed and experimented. From the analysis result and the experiment result, it is verified that the design procedure and the design method of the single-phase LSPM is valid.
MOTH-FLAME ALGORITHM FOR SOLVING COVERAGE PROBLEM IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK

Optimization is the process of finding better results with respect to time which is one of the most desirable features in recent technology. WSN is one among the domain which utilizes the optimization process in the field of sensor node deployment, node localization, message routing, etc. Moth-Flame optimization algorithm is a bio-inspired optimization method which is used in this paper to solve k -coverage node deployment on target based WSN. The proposed methodology in nature moths navigation methods is transverse orientation and moths maintain a fixed angle. The main objective of this Moth-Flame algorithm is going to solve the convergence problem to minimization of nodes and maximize coverage in a wireless sensor network. The experimental results are very effective and achieve the high performance.
Cultural Capitalism: Manipulation and Control in Airbnb’s Intersection with Tourism

New decentralised collaborative platforms are said to be challenging and redesigning traditional business models and reinventing how the tourism business works. Collectively termed the ‘Collaborative Economy’ (CE), these platforms are increasingly intersecting with the established tourism industry and how a tourist interacts with host communities, destinations and other tourists. By utilising the concept of cultural capitalism to explore the global “disruptive” brand Airbnb, we find that the collaborative economy is not about collaboration at all, and argue that the Airbnb platform is merely reinforcing the values of consumer capitalist society by providing a more efficient means to satisfy tourist wants and desires. While we conclude that collaborative economy in its manifest forms will continue, we believe the tourism industry is well placed to address its impacts, and recommend that authorities should recognise parts of the collaborative economy as predatory laissez-faire platform capitalism in need of regulation.
IN VITRO EVALUATION OF THE EFFICACY OF AFRAMOMUM MELEGUETA SEEDS EXTRACT IN THE CONTROL OF PESTALOTIOPSIS THEAE; CAUSATIVE AGENT OF SEEDLINGS BROWN LEAF SPOTS OF COCONUT (COCOS NUCIFERA LINN)

The in vitro biological control of the causal agent of the brown leaf spot disease of coconut seedlings namely: (green dwarf, yellow dwarf, red dwarf, and hybrid) was carried out with the aim of determining the efficacy of different extraction times and concentrations of Aframomum melegueta seeds extract in the control of the causal agent of the brown leaf spot disease. The crude extract of A. melegueta seeds was prepared at different extraction times and concentrations while the fungi associated with the brown leaf spot disease of the different varieties of coconut were isolated using the direct plating techniques. The result of the isolated fungi includes Pestalotiopsis theae, Botryodiplodia theobromae and Aspergillus niger at a percentage occurrence of 66.8%, 16.8% and 16.8% respectively. Pathogenicity test revealed P. theae to be the causal agent of the brown leaf spot disease of the different varieties of the coconut seedlings. The efficacy of the different extraction times and concentrations of A. melegueta on the different isolates of P. theae showed that the different isolates of P. theae recorded significant difference (P < 0.05) in response to the sensitivity of the different concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% and the different extraction times of 24 hrs, 48 hrs and 72 hrs of A. melegueta seeds crude extracts. Inhibition activity was highest at 100% concentration at 72hrs extraction time. The ability of the A. melegueta extract to have inhibitory effect on the different isolates of P. theae was attributed to the presence of the phytochemical agents namely, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, tannins and saponins detected in it.
Glycated haemoglobin association with severity of thrombus burden in non-diabetic versus diabetic patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction.

OBJECTIVE To determine and compare the relationship between glycated haemoglobin level on admission and the angiographic thrombus burden in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. METHODS The cross-sectional study was conducted at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, from June 2018 to July 2019, and comprised patients presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Demographic details and self-reported duration of diabetes was recorded. The thrombus burden was assessed on angiography classifying 0 = no thrombus, 1 = possible thrombus, 2 = small thrombus, 3 = moderate thrombus, 4 = large thrombus, and 5 = total occlusion. The data was analysed using SPSS 21. RESULTS Of the 212 patients, 173(81.6%) were men, and 75(35.4%) had body mass index ≥30kg/m2. The overall mean age of the sample was 54.62±11.75 years. Known diabetic cases were 82(38.7%) and 20(24.4%) were insulin-dependent. Mean glycated haemoglobin level was 7.18±2.03% and 96(45.3%) patients had the critical value >6.5%. Pre-procedure thrombus score in 118(55.7%) patients was 3 and 4 and 57(26.9%) had total occlusion. A significant relationship between glycated haemoglobin level and thrombus score was found in the overall sample as well as in diabetic and non-diabetic groups (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Increased glycated haemoglobin level was found to have a positive correlation with thrombus score in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients.
The Intelligent Fault Diagnosis of Construction Machinery Based on Multi-Agent

The number of construction machinery faults is too much and its diagnosis are fuzzy and complex. We construct the fault hierarchy model by the means of hierarchy analysis and obtain all kinds of Possibility degree of faults factors through the triangular fuzzy complementary judgment matrix . Take the fault diagnosis of diesel engine fuel system, this paper establish intelligent fault diagnosis system, which has the ability of self-learning and self-correction using multi-agent technology.
MACRO- AND MICRO-GENETIC ENVIRONMENTAL SENSITIVITY FOR 400 DAY WEIGHT IN AUSTRALIAN ANGUS

Genotype by environment interactions can be caused by both macroand micro-genetic environmental sensitivity (GES). In the current study, 400 day weight (400DW) measured on Australian Angus was analysed using a variability model and a reaction norm model to obtain estimates for genetic variation due to macroand micro-GES. The results showed additive genetic variance for both macroand micro-GES. Over the range of contemporary group means the macroGES impacted the genetic variance and ranking of sires across environments. The presence of microGES indicated the possibility of selecting to reduce the variability of phenotypes, but further investigation into the consequences is needed.
The changing epidemiology of human monkeypox—A potential threat? A systematic review

Monkeypox, a zoonotic disease caused by an orthopoxvirus, results in a smallpox-like disease in humans. Since monkeypox in humans was initially diagnosed in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), it has spread to other regions of Africa (primarily West and Central), and cases outside Africa have emerged in recent years. We conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed and grey literature on how monkeypox epidemiology has evolved, with particular emphasis on the number of confirmed, probable, and/or possible cases, age at presentation, mortality, and geographical spread. The review is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020208269). We identified 48 peer-reviewed articles and 18 grey literature sources for data extraction. The number of human monkeypox cases has been on the rise since the 1970s, with the most dramatic increases occurring in the DRC. The median age at presentation has increased from 4 (1970s) to 21 years (2010-2019). There was an overall case fatality rate of 8.7%, with a significant difference between clades - Central African 10.6% (95% CI: 8.4% - 13.3%) vs. West African 3.6% (95% CI: 1.7% - 6.8%). Since 2003, import- and travel-related spread outside of Africa has occasionally resulted in outbreaks. Interactions/activities with infected animals or individuals are risk behaviors associated with acquiring monkeypox. Our review shows an escalation of monkeypox cases, especially in the highly endemic DRC, a spread to other countries, and a growing median age from young children to young adults. These findings may be related to the cessation of smallpox vaccination, which provided some cross-protection against monkeypox, leading to increased human-to-human transmission. The appearance of outbreaks beyond Africa highlights the global relevance of the disease. Increased surveillance and detection of monkeypox cases are essential tools for understanding the continuously changing epidemiology of this resurging disease.
Genome-wide association study of Alzheimer's disease brain imaging biomarkers and neuropsychological phenotypes in the EMIF-AD Multimodal Biomarker Discovery dataset

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequent neurodegenerative disease with an increasing prevalence in industrialized, ageing populations. AD susceptibility has an established genetic basis which has been the focus of a large number of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) published over the last decade. Most of these GWAS used dichotomized clinical diagnostic status, i.e. case vs. control classification, as outcome phenotypes, without the use of biomarkers. An alternative and potentially more powerful study design is afforded by using quantitative AD-related phenotypes as GWAS outcome traits, an analysis paradigm that we followed in this work. Specifically, we utilized genotype and phenotype data from n=931 individuals collected under the auspices of the European Medical Information Framework for Alzheimer's Disease Multimodal Biomarker Discovery (EMIF-AD MBD) study to perform a total of 19 separate GWAS analyses. As outcomes we used five magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) traits and seven cognitive performance traits. For the latter, longitudinal data from at least two timepoints were available in addition to cross-sectional assessments at baseline. Our GWAS analyses revealed several genome-wide significant associations for the neuropsychological performance measures, in particular those assayed longitudinally. Among the most noteworthy signals were associations in or near EHBP1 (EH domain binding protein 1; on chromosome 2p15) and CEP112 (centrosomal protein 112; 17q24.1) with delayed recall in a memory performance test. On the X chromosome, which is often excluded in other GWAS, we identified a genome-wide significant signal near IL1RAPL1 (interleukin 1 receptor accessory protein like 1; Xp21.3). While polygenic score (PGS) analyses showed the expected strong associations with SNPs highlighted in relevant previous GWAS on hippocampal volume and cognitive function, they did not show noteworthy associations with recent AD risk GWAS findings. In summary, our study highlights the power of using quantitative endophenotypes as outcome traits in AD-related GWAS analyses and nominates several new loci not previously implicated in cognitive decline.
A Study on a Novel Vibrating Conveyor

The purpose of this study is to present a novel concept for inline vibrating conveyors, and verify its feasibility by kinematic simulation. First, new conveyor is presented, and its merits are discussed. Then, its kinematically equivalent linkage is described. Moreover, the kinematic dimensions are investigated from its geometry. Finally, the solid model for the proposed design is established, then kinematic simulation is performed by ADAMS software. The simulation results indicate that the proposed new design can effectively advance the workpiece.
An Alternative to “Rules” in Practice Approaches to Distinguishing Art Kinds

Numerous contemporary philosophers have invoked the idea that art is best understood as a social practice in order to distinguish among art kinds or to distinguish Art from closely related practices such as Design. Many general accounts of social practices and of art practices in particular claim that sets of shared assumptions or norms are a key constituent of practices. But some standard accounts of social practices interpret these shared norms with the concept of “rules” or “agreements. ” I argue that the idea of rules or agreements is theoretically inadequate and should be replaced by what the philosopher of science, Joseph Rouse, calls “mutual normative accountability. ” I then illustrate the theoretical value of such a replacement by discussing the di erences between Art practices and Design practices.
Depth-aware Space-Time Memory Network for Video Object Segmentation

In this paper, we propose Depth-aware Space-Time Memory (D-STM) Network for semi-supervised Video Object Segmentation (VOS). Space-Time Memory (STM) Network learns the feature embedding of the foreground objects and archives promising results in VOS. However, STM focus on the appearances of objects without explicitly considering the spatial location, which leads to poor segmentation results when objects having similar appearances. To solve this problem, we estimate the depth maps from a video sequence to alleviate the ambiguity of objects with similar appearances. Besides, an ASPP module is incorporated to increase the semantic receptive ﬁeld on different scales. Together with the multi-scale ensemble, the proposed D-STM archives a J & F score of 76.9% in the 2020 DAVIS challenge on semi-supervised VOS.