Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Integrated Potential of Microbial, Botanical, and Chemical Pesticides for the Control of Viral Disease Vector Whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Tomato under Greenhouse and Field Perspectives

Whiteflies are one of the most devastating horticultural pests attacking tomatoes. Although there are several control methods for the control of whitefly pests, the integrated application of entomopathogenic fungi (IPM) with chemical and botanical insecticides has proven more effective than individual control agents. This study was carried out to evaluate individual and combined treatments of entomopathogens B. bassiana, M. anisopliae, B. thuringiensis, Hunter 40 EC, and neem oil for the control of whitefly species on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) under greenhouse and field condition. The greenhouse study showed that the different treatments resulted in a 58.48 to 100% reduction of nymphs and a 52.06 to 100% reduction of adults on both Galilea and Melkashola tomato varieties under greenhouse conditions. The combined treatments of AAUMB-29 + Neem oil displayed a higher yield (423.3 g fruits/plant) on the Gelilea tomato variety, and AAUDM-43 + Hunter 40 EC displayed a yield of (376.66 g/plant) on the Melkashola tomato variety. Under field conditions, the application of AAUMB-29 + Hunter 40 EC + Neem oil significantly decreased the whitefly population by 91.93% ( P < 0.001 ) after 10 days of the fourth spray. The result of fruit yield of tomato was significantly higher in all treatments (31.17 t to 70.42 t·ha−1) compared to untreated control (25.83 t·ha−1). Among the treatments, AAUMB-29 + Hunter 40 EC + Neem oil gave the highest fruit yield of 70.42 t·ha−1 followed by AAUMB-29 + Hunter 40 EC (64.50 t·ha−1) on the Galilea tomato variety under field conditions. The combined treatment of AAUMB-29 + Hunter 40 EC + Neem oil was the most effective with lower whitefly infestation, higher marketable yields, and less percentage of yield losses. Further investigations are required to determine the optimization and practicability of this integrated application of treatments for the control of both sucking and chewing insect pests under field conditions.
Stellar kinematics and populations out to 1.5 effective radii in the elliptical galaxy NGC 4636

We present high quality long slit spectra along the major and minor axes out to 1.5 effective radii of the massive galaxy NGC 4636 taken by the Hobby-Eberly Telescope. Using the Fourier Correlation Quotient method, we measured the stellar line-of-sight velocity distribution along the axes. Furthermore, six Lick/IDS indices (H beta, mgb, Fe-5015, Fe-5270, Fe-5335, Fe-5406) are derived from the clean spectrum. By comparing the measured absorption line strengths with the predictions of Simple Stellar Population (SSP) models, we derived ages, total metallicity and alpha abundance profiles of the galaxy. This galaxy presents old and [alpha/Fe] overabundant stellar populations. Indeed, using the SSP model, we obtained the broadband color profiles. The theoretical colors match well with the measured colors and present red sharp peaks at the galaxy center. The sharp peaks of the colors are mainly shaped by the high metallicity in the galaxy's center. Interestingly, the galaxy has steep negative metallicity gradients, but the trend flattens outwards. This result likely suggests that the center and outer regions of the galaxy formed through different formation processes.
Radiation pressure confinement – I. Ionized gas in the ISM of AGN hosts

We analyze the hydrostatic effect of AGN radiation pressure on optically thick gas in the host galaxy. We show that in luminous AGN, the radiation pressure likely confines the ionized layer of the illuminated gas. Radiation pressure confinement (RPC) has two main implications. First, the gas density near the ionization front is 7x10^4 L_{i,45} r_{50}^{-2} cm^{-3}, where L_{i,45} is the ionizing luminosity in units of 10^45 erg/s and r_{50} is the distance of the gas from the nucleus in units of 50 pc. Second, as shown by Dopita et al., the solution of the ionization structure within each slab is unique, independent of the ambient pressure. We show that the RPC density vs. distance relation is observed over a dynamical range of ~10^4 in distance, from sub-pc to kpc from the nucleus, and a range of ~10^8 in gas density, from 10^3 to 10^11 cm^{-3}. This relation implies that the radiative force of luminous AGN can compress giant molecular clouds in the host galaxy, and possibly affect the star formation rate. The unique ionization structure in RPC includes a highly ionized X-ray emitting surface, an intermediate layer which emits coronal lines, and a lower ionization inner layer which emits optical lines. This structure can explain the observed overlap of the extended X-ray and optical narrow line emission in nearby AGN. We further support RPC by comparing the predicted ratios of the narrow lines strength and narrow line widths with available observations. We suggest a new method, based on the narrow line widths, to estimate the black hole mass of low luminosity AGN.
Binary-star Wave Front Control Based on a Common-path Visible Nulling Coronagraph

Exoplanets around multiple-star systems are interesting targets for direct detection. However, it is difficult to suppress unwanted light from all stars in a system. For direct detection of the exoplanets around multiple-star systems, we propose using common-path visible nulling coronagraphs (CP-VNCs). CP-VNCs can suppress diffracted light from stars located on a central null fringe. In addition, a wave front control system is installed to generate a dark hole by rejecting residual stellar speckles of CP-VNCs. For this purpose, spatial light modulators (SLMs) have the ability to generate a dark hole over a wide field on the order of hundreds of λ/D (where λ is the wavelength of light and D is the telescope diameter), owing to their large number of pixels. We perform a laboratory demonstration of high-contrast observation around a binary-star system model using a CP-VNC combined with an SLM. First, we simulate a high-contrast observation over a region close to one of two stars by generating a square dark hole with side lengths of 40 λ 0/D (where λ 0 is the central wavelength of the light sources). The center of the square region was located about 35 λ 0/D and 79 λ 0/D from each star. Measurements of this first scenario find a mean contrast over the dark hole of 3.5 × 10−8. Second, observation of a region with identical separation (100 λ 0/D) from both stars is also demonstrated. In this scenario, a mean contrast of 2.0 × 10−8 is achieved over a circular dark hole with a diameter of 40 λ 0/D.
KIC 3440495: A Rapidly Rotating δ Scuti-γ Doradus Hybrid Pulsator in a Binary System

In this paper, we study the pulsation properties of KIC 3440495 using Kepler and TESS data. A Fourier analysis of the light curve reveals 24 pulsation modes as well as 29 frequencies associated with rotation. The rotation frequency is derived to be f rot = 2.322909(2) day−1, and the rotational modulation is determined to be caused by starspots. A large frequency separation of Δν = 54.5 μHz is found by using a Fourier transform, the autocorrelation function, a histogram of frequency differences, and an échelle diagram. We use the large separation to estimate the refined stellar parameters of the star to be v = [239, 279] km s−1, M = [1.5, 1.65] M ⊙, R equator = [2.03, 2.30] R ⊙, R polar = [1.72, 1.78] R ⊙, and ω = [0.61, 0.77]. The phase modulations of the pulsating frequencies show a long-term trend which may be attributed to an orbital effect of a binary system; hence, the star may be a fast rotating pulsator in a binary system. KIC 3440495 has an amplitude spectrum similar to Altair, and is identified as a potential sister of Altair. Based on studies of Altair, KIC 3330495 is presumably a young star at a similar evolutionary stage.
On the frequency dependence of pulsar linear polarization

Frequency dependence of pulsar linear polarization is investigated by simulations of emission and propagation processes. Linearly polarized waves are generated through curvature radiation by relativistic particles streaming along curved magnetic field lines, which have ordinary mode (O-mode) and extra-ordinary mode (X-mode) components. As emitted waves propagate outwards, two mode components are separated due to re- fraction of the O mode, and their polarization states are also modified. According to the radius to frequency mapping, low frequency emission is generated from higher magnetosphere, where significant rotation effect leads the X and O modes to be sepa- rated. Hence, the low frequency radiation has a large fraction of linear polarization. As the frequency increases, emission is generated from lower heights, where the rotation effect becomes weaker and the distribution regions of two modes are more overlapped. Hence, more significant depolarization appears for emission at higher frequencies. In addition, refraction effect of the O mode becomes serious in very deep magnetosphere, which bends the O mode emission towards outer parts of a pulsar beam and also causes the separation of mode distribution regions and hence the fractional linear polariza- tion increasing with frequency. If emission of different frequencies is generated from a region of the same height, serious O mode refraction can result in the decrease of both profile width and fractional linear polarization. The observed frequency dependence of linear polarization for some pulsars can be naturally explained within the scope of our scenario.
Evaluation of Sudden Visual Loss and Central 10-Degree Visual Field Change Following Glaucoma Surgery in Severe and End-Stage Eyes

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the sudden visual loss and central 10-degree visual field (VF) change following glaucoma surgery in eyes with severe and end-stage glaucoma. Methods: This was a single-center retrospective study. The charts of patients with severe and end-stage glaucoma who had undergone trabeculectomy and Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation surgery were reviewed. Patients who had 10-2 Humphrey VF automated (HVFA) at follow-up were included and classified into two following groups: With split fixation on 10-2 HVFA before surgery split fixation group (SFG) and those without split fixation (WSFG). Results: The data of 37 patients in SFG and 28 patients in WSFG were reviewed. The mean follow-up duration was 2.06±0.24 years in SFG and 2±0.3 years in WSFG. 10-2 HVFA revealed that SFG had a mean MD –25.8±5.2 dB preoperatively and –25.2±1.1 dB (p=0.18) at last visit, WSFG had a mean MD −9.8±4.8 dB preoperatively and −10.8±1.5 dB at last visit (p=0.10). In SFG, the mean intraocular pressure (IOP) decreased from 30.1±9.5 mmHg to 12.3±0.62 mmHg (p<0.001), and in WSFG, the mean IOP decreased from 30±6.9 mmHg to 12.3±0.90 mmHg at last visit (p<0.001). There was no statistical difference for visual acuity of both the groups at the follow-up (p=0.30 and p=0.70). In SFG, one patient had wipe-out phenomenon who had undergone AGV surgery. Conclusion: Although wipe-out phenomenon was a rare complication, it can develop not only after trabeculectomy but also after AGV surgery, and patients with split fixation and severe and end-stage glaucoma were at risk for this phenomenon regardless of the type of surgery. Both trabeculectomy and AGV surgery appear to provide stability of the central 10° VF.
An Ancient Respiratory System in the Widespread Sedimentary Archaea Thermoprofundales

Abstract Thermoprofundales, formerly Marine Benthic Group D (MBG-D), is a ubiquitous archaeal lineage found in sedimentary environments worldwide. However, its taxonomic classification, metabolic pathways, and evolutionary history are largely unexplored because of its uncultivability and limited number of sequenced genomes. In this study, phylogenomic analysis and average amino acid identity values of a collection of 146 Thermoprofundales genomes revealed five Thermoprofundales subgroups (A–E) with distinct habitat preferences. Most of the microorganisms from Subgroups B and D were thermophiles inhabiting hydrothermal vents and hot spring sediments, whereas those from Subgroup E were adapted to surface environments where sunlight is available. H2 production may be featured in Thermoprofundales as evidenced by a gene cluster encoding the ancient membrane-bound hydrogenase (MBH) complex. Interestingly, a unique structure separating the MBH gene cluster into two modular units was observed exclusively in the genomes of Subgroup E, which included a peripheral arm encoding the [NiFe] hydrogenase domain and a membrane arm encoding the Na+/H+ antiporter domain. These two modular structures were confirmed to function independently by detecting the H2-evolving activity in vitro and salt tolerance to 0.2 M NaCl in vivo, respectively. The peripheral arm of Subgroup E resembles the proposed common ancestral respiratory complex of modern respiratory systems, which plays a key role in the early evolution of life. In addition, molecular dating analysis revealed that Thermoprofundales is an early emerging archaeal lineage among the extant MBH-containing microorganisms, indicating new insights into the evolution of this ubiquitous archaea lineage.
Modular derivation of diverse, regionally discrete human posterior CNS neurons enables discovery of transcriptomic patterns

Our inability to derive the neuronal diversity that comprises the posterior central nervous system (pCNS) using human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) poses an impediment to understanding human neurodevelopment and disease in the hindbrain and spinal cord. Here, we establish a modular, monolayer differentiation paradigm that recapitulates both rostrocaudal (R/C) and dorsoventral (D/V) patterning, enabling derivation of diverse pCNS neurons with discrete regional specificity. First, neuromesodermal progenitors (NMPs) with discrete HOX profiles are converted to pCNS progenitors (pCNSPs). Then, by tuning D/V signaling, pCNSPs are directed to locomotor or somatosensory neurons. Expansive single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis coupled with a novel computational pipeline allowed us to detect hundreds of transcriptional markers within region-specific phenotypes, enabling discovery of gene expression patterns across R/C and D/V developmental axes. These findings highlight the potential of these resources to advance a mechanistic understanding of pCNS development, enhance in vitro models, and inform therapeutic strategies.
Interaction of job-related psychological flexibility, coping style and personality types in depression in Chinese physicians: A cross-section study

To investigate the associations of job-related psychological flexibility, coping style and personality types with and their interactions in depression in Chinese physicians. A cross-sectional survey of 444 physicians was conducted by using the convenience sampling method in the municipal hospitals in Zhengzhou, Henan province. Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression, Work-related Acceptance and Action Questionnaire, the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revision Short Scale of China were administered to each participant. Depression tendency scores were significantly higher in healthcare workers with intermediate title, age 31 and older, introvert unstable personality than other counterparts, (P < .01). Female and extrovert stable healthcare workers had significantly higher coping score than male and other personality types (P < .05). The scores of job-related psychological flexibility in healthcare workers with Introvert Stable or working in emergency department were significantly higher than their counterparts (P < .01). General linear model algorithm of machine learning showed that Extrovert Unstable was the main risk factor for depression (β = 6.74), followed by Extrovert Stable (β = −4.90), negative coping, positive coping, and length of service. Multivariate regression models showed that a significant interaction existed between coping style, work-related psychological flexibility and Extroversion (β = −0.103, P < .05), independently explaining 0.7% variance of depression, and that a significant interaction existed between coping style, work-related psychological flexibility and neuroticism (β = 0.116, P < .05), independently explaining 1.0% variance of depression. Interactions existed between personality types, coping style and work-related psychological flexibility in depression tendency in Chinese healthcare workers, with neuroticism (extrovert unstable) being a risk factor and extroversion (extrovert stable) being a protective factor. Precision prevention strategies could be made based on personality types to reduce depression in health workers.
A miR‐15a related polymorphism affects NSCLC prognosis via altering ERCC1 repair to platinum‐based chemotherapy

Platinum‐based chemotherapy is regarded as a preferential curative‐intent option for non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), while the acquired drug resistance has become a major obstacle that limits its clinical application. Since the repair efficiency of tumour cells to platinum‐DNA adducts plays a crucial role in chemotherapy resistance, we aimed to explore whether several meaningful polymorphisms of DNA repair genes were associated with the benefits of platinum‐based chemotherapy in NSCLC patients. Firstly, six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the 3'untranslated region (3'UTR) of three DNA repair genes were detected in 246 NSCLC patients receiving platinum‐based chemotherapy and analysed the correlation of these candidate SNPs with the overall survival. Cox proportional hazard model showed that NSCLC patients carrying ERCC1 rs3212986 AA genotype had a shorter overall survival compared to those with CC. Mechanistically, we performed tumour chemosensitivity assay to observe the convincing linkage of rs3212986 polymorphism with ERCC1 expression and cisplatin sensitivity. The subsequent in vitro experiments identified that rs3212986 polymorphism altered the post‐transcriptional regulation of ERCC1 via affecting the binding of miR‐15a, and further changed the sensitivity to platinum analogue. It reminded that patients carrying ERCC1 rs3212986 CC homozygote were expected to respond better to platinum‐based chemotherapy due to a lower expression of ERCC1. Compared with previous studies, our current comprehensive study suggested that rs3212986, a 3'UTR polymorphism in ERCC1, might have clinical relevance in predicting the prognosis of NSCLC patients receiving platinum‐based chemotherapy.
Structure formation in a $\Lambda$ $viscous$ CDM universe

The possibility of dark matter being a dissipative component represents an option for the standard view where cold dark matter (CDM) particles behave on large scales as an ideal fluid. By including a physical mechanism to the dark matter description like viscosity we construct a more realistic model for the universe. Also, the known small scale pathologies of the standard CDM model either disappear or become less severe. We study clustering properties of a $\Lambda$CDM-like model in which dark matter is described as a bulk viscous fluid. The linear power spectrum, the nonlinear spherical "top hat" collapse and the mass functions are presented. We use the analysis with such structure formation tools in order to place an upper bound on the magnitude of the dark matter's viscosity.
Gas composition of main volatile elements in protoplanetary discs and its implication for planet formation

Direct observations of gaseous exoplanets reveals that their gas envelope is commonly enriched in C/O ratio compared to that of the host star. This has been explained by considering that the gas phase of the disc could be inhomogeneous, exceeding the stellar C/O ratio in regions where these planets formed; but few studies have considered the drift of the gas and the migration of planets. We aim to derive the gas composition in planets to evaluate if the formation of giant planets with an enriched C/O ratio is possible. The study focusses on the effects of different processes on the C/O ratio like the disc evolution, the drift of gas, and the migration of the planet. We used our previous models for computation of the chemical composition together with the planet formation model of Alibert et al. (2013), to which we added the composition and drift of the gas phase of the disc composed of major volatile species, H2 and He. The study focusses on the region where ice lines are present and influence the C/O ratio of the planets. Modelling shows that the condensation of volatile species allows for C/O enrichment in specific parts of the protoplanetary disc, of up to 4 times the solar value. This leads to the formation of planets that can be enriched in C/O in their envelope up to 3 times the solar value. The migration of planets, the evolution of the gas phase, and the irradiation of the disc enables the evolution of the initial C/O ratio with a decrease in the outer part of the disc and an increase in the inner part. The total C/O ratio of the planets is governed by the contribution of ices accreted, suggesting that high C/O ratios measured in planetary atmospheres are indicative of a lack of exchange of material between the core of a planet and its envelope or an observational bias, and suggesting that the observed C/O ratio is not representative of the total C/O ratio of the planet.
Phase-random states: ensembles of states with fixed amplitudes and uniformly distributed phases in a fixed basis

Motivated by studies of typical properties of quantum states in statistical mechanics, we introduce phase-random states, an ensemble of pure states with fixed amplitudes and uniformly distributed phases in a fixed basis. We first show that canonical states typically appear in subsystems of phase-random states. We then investigate the simulatability of phase-random states, which is directly related to that of time evolution in closed systems, by studying their entanglement properties. We find that starting from a separable state, time evolutions under Hamiltonians composed of only separable eigenstates generate extremely high entanglement and are difficult to simulate with matrix product states. We also show that random quantum circuits consisting of only two-qubit diagonal unitaries can generate an ensemble with the same average entanglement as phase-random states.
Modelling warm absorption in HST/COS spectrum of Mrk 290 with xstar

We present a new method to model an HST/COS (Hubble Space Telescope/Cosmic Origins Spectrograph) spectrum, aimed to analyse intrinsic UV absorption from the outflow of Mrk 290, a Seyfert I galaxy. We use newly updated XSTAR to generate photoionization models for the intrinsic absorption from the active galactic nuclei (AGN) outflow, the line emission from the AGN broad-and narrow-line regions, and the local absorption from high-velocity clouds and Galactic interstellar medium. The combination of these physical models accurately fits the COS spectrum. Three intrinsic absorbers outflowing with velocities similar to 500 km s(-1) are identified, two of which are found directly from two velocity components of the N V and C IV doublets, while the third is required by the extra absorption in the Ly alpha. Their outflow velocities, ionization states and column densities are consistent with the lowest and moderate ionization warm absorbers (WAs) in the X-ray domain found by Chandra observations, suggesting a one-to-one correspondence between the absorbing gas in the UV and X-ray bands. The small turbulent velocities of the WAs (v(turb) less than or similar to 100 km s(-1)) support our previous argument from the X-ray study that the absorbers originate from the inner side of the torus due to thermal evaporation. Given the covering fractions of similar to 65 per cent for the three WAs, we deduce that the lengths and the thicknesses of the WAs are comparable, which indicates that the geometry of WAs are more likely clouds rather than flat and thin layers. In addition, the modelling of the broad-line emission suggests a higher covering fraction of clouds when they are very closer to the black hole.