Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effects of fault-induced stress anisotropy on fracturing, folding and sill emplacement: Insights from the Bowie coal mines, southern Piceance basin, western Colorado.

THE EFFECTS OF FAULT-INDUCED STRESS ANISOTROPY ON FRACTURING, FOLDING AND SILL EMPLACEMENT: INSIGHTS FROM THE BOWIE COAL MINES, PICEANCE BASIN, WESTERN COLORADO Eric D. Robeck Department of Geology Master of Science The recognition of fault-perturbed stress fields is an important tool in areas of mineral or hydrocarbon exploration. The Bowie underground coal mines of western Colorado expose a reverse-reactivated growth fault that perturbed the stress field during cleat (fracture) formation, rotating cleat orientations up to 500 m on both sides of the fault. Two unusual fracture types are found only in coal adjacent to the fault: (1) concentric cleats, highly curved fractures that form blocks resembling balls or eggs and (2) horsetail cleats, striated surfaces that superficially resemble shattercones and result from shear failure in coal. Numerical models created with the boundary element program Poly3D were used to estimate the magnitudes and orientations of the paleostress axes during cleat formation, taking into account the depth of burial, 3-D fault orientation, elastic rock parameters, and far-field stress states. When the elastic rock parameters and modeled orientations of the stress axes are held constant, the relative stress ratio, R = (σ1 – σ2)/(σ2 – σ3), uniquely determines the orientations of fractures forming in the fault-perturbed stress field. Comparison of the models with systematic observations on both sides of the fault allows the selection of a best-fit model. If the depth of overburden during fracture formation is known, this technique can be used to estimate the magnitude of σ1 in fault-perturbed areas. The rotated face cleats and unusual, fault-related cleat types provide unequivocal evidence of a fault when (1) the fault predates cleat formation and (2) the far-field horizontal stress during cleat formation is oblique to fault strike. In addition, the varying spatial association of these faultperturbed cleat styles with the fault may provide a qualitative estimate of fault location while mining. Pre-existing faults also strongly control reactivation-related folding, which at formed several low-amplitude folds, including a footwall fold. Igneous sills in three Bowie coal seams show strong preference for fault zones. The recognition of similar fracture trends in other mining or exploration areas is a valuable tool that may significantly reduce economic or human cost by helping to mitigate fault-related hazards and highlighting potentially productive zones in faulted reservoirs.
Neutral hydrogen absorption observations of the central region of NGC 3628

Using MERLIN with 0.2-arcsec resolution we have observed neutral hydrogen absorption against the central region of the starburst galaxy NGC 3628. The central region resolves into ∼16 continuum components at 1.4 GHz. From comparison with published 15-GHz data, we infer that these components are supernova remnants, although three components may be consistent with a weak active galactic nucleus. Neutral hydrogen absorption is seen against the continuum emission with column densities ∼1022 cm−2. The absorption appears to be from two separate absorbing structures. Assuming a simple morphology, the main velocity structure can be attributed to a ring of neutral gas with a radius 130 pc rotating around a central starburst with a velocity gradient of 1270 km s−1 kpc−1. From simple assumptions, the mass interior to this ring is 0.9 × 109 M⊙. The second absorption structure may represent outflow from the starburst region or a large-scale galactic structure. Alternatively the absorption structure may be non-axisymmetric, such as a bar.
Usage of Information Communication Technology and Its Effect on Customer Loyalty. The Study Of Banking Industries In Jaffna Srilanka. (A Comparative Study Of State Banks & Private Banks)

Purpose: To inspect the effect of information communication technology (ICT) on customer loyalty. Design/methodology/approach: A questionnaire derived from previous studies and the relevant literature was completed by 200 customers of both state & private banks in Jaffna district, SriLanka. Correlation analysis assessed to find out the association between the level of information communication technology and customer loyalty. Usage of ICT has been measured with the help of operational cost reduction, time & speed, internal system efficiency, security & risk, working environment and communication &decision making. Apart from that customer loyalty has been evaluated with the help of switching cost, corporate image and trust. Regression analysis was carried out to examine the impact of the usage of ICT on customer loyalty. And also independent sample T-test and independent sample one way ANOVA were utilized to find out the significant mean different in customer loyalty among personal demographic variables. Findings: information communication technology contributes significantly to customer loyalty and predicts 36.9 percent of the variation found. Operational cost, time & speed, internal system efficiency and communication & decision making in the information communication technology contribute significantly to customer loyalty compared with job and working environment. And also we can conclude that there is a significant mean different in customer loyalty among state banks and private banks. But there is no significant mean different in customer loyalty among different age groups. Overall association between information communication technology and customer loyalty is moderate positively correlated. Research Limitations/Implications: This research focuses on banking services in one particular district of the country. Therefore further research in other sectors maybe necessary before generalization can be made on the entire service industry. Practical implications: Based on the finding of the study, there are a few key points that can be used to conclude this research paper. It is very important that the information communication technology in banking service providers in Jaffna peninsula contributes to the customer loyalty. Mainly operational cost, time & speed, internal system efficiency and communication & decision making dimensions in the information communication technology contribute to the customer loyalty for acquiring new customers in the target market in the long period of time. Originality/value: Reinforces and refines the body of knowledge relating to customer loyalty in service industries. Keywords: Information Communication Technology, Customer Loyalty and Banking service providers. Paper type: Research paper
Brief Report: Estimate of Mortality Burden of Air Pollution in Northern and Interior British Columbia, 2001-2005

Air pollution is responsible for over 2.4 million deaths worldwide each year (Ezzati et al 2002) and is estimated to cause three to six percent of total mortality in the developed world. More deaths are attributable to air pollution than any other environmental or occupational toxin (Mokdad et al 2004). In the US, air pollution is estimated to cause 60% of deaths attributable to environmental or occupational toxins and 1 to 2% of total mortality. The mortality attributable to air pollution is similar to that attributable to motor vehicles (1%), and greater than that attributable to illicit drug use (<1%) (Mokdad et al. 2004).
Turystyka i sposoby promocji miast

Zasadniczym tematem artykułu jest miejska turystyka, postrzegana jako forma promocji miast – promocji, od której w dużym stopniu zależy ich rozwój. W początkach epoki przemysłowej turystyka skupiała się wokół kurortów nadmorskich i uzdrowisk. Dopiero załamanie się industrialnego paradygmatu rozwoju w krajach zachodnich spowodowało zmiany w turystyce. Podupadające miasta związane niegdyś z przemysłem w celu poprawienia swej sytuacji ekonomicznej zaczęły zmieniać wizerunek. Stawiano w nim na kulturę, ona bowiem jak nigdy dotąd stała się turystycznie atrakcyjna. Artykuł przedstawia różne sposoby promowania miast. Szczególny nacisk został położony na inwestycje w przestrzeń miejską (rewitalizacja, tematyzacja i komercjalizacja przestrzeni miejskich, budowa muzeów i innych obiektów użyteczności publicznej przez wybitnych architektów). Rozwój turystyki w miastach wiąże się też ze zmianami w zachowaniach i preferencjach turystów. Opisane w artykule zjawiska tłumaczą wzrost zainteresowania miastem jako atrakcją turystyczną i podkreślają niezbędność podejmowania wysiłków promocyjnych.
Hyperspectral Limb Scanner for the OPAL Mission

The Earth’s lower thermosphere is an important interface region between the neutral atmosphere and the “space weather” environment. The NSF-sponsored Optical Profiling of the Atmospheric Limb (OPAL) mission is designed to map global thermospheric temperature variability at midand low-latitudes over the critical “thermospheric gap” region (~100-140 km altitude) where prior data are sparse. OPAL will profile the thermosphere temperature from 90 to 140 km altitude by observing the daytime O2 A-band emission. OPAL measures the thermosphere neutral temperature by spectroscopic analysis of molecular oxygen Aband emission (758 – 768 nm). This paper presents the OPAL mission science, instrument design, and measurement capabilities. OPAL is expected to launch in late 2016 with a mission duration > 9 months. The OPAL instrument is a grating-based imaging spectrometer with refractive optics and a high-efficiency volume holographic grating (VHG). The scene is sampled by 7 parallel slits that form non-overlapping spectral profiles at the focal plane with resolution of 0.5 nm (spectral), 1.5 km (limb profiling), and 60 km (horizontal sampling). A CCD camera at the instrument focal plane delivers low noise and high sensitivity. The instrument is designed to strongly reject stray light from daylight regions of the earth.
Charting of the shoreline of inland waters using digital remote sensing images

Orthophotomaps are now an irreplaceable source of topographic data acquisition, which also can be used in the preparation of navigational charts. As they are maps for special applications, they shall have a specified charting accuracy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of the shoreline mapping using aerial photographs and satellite images. This evaluation was based on the statistical analysis related to the accuracy of the vectorization of the inland waters shoreline. Slowa kluczowe: mapy elektroniczne, zobrazowania teledetekcyjne, nawigacja, IENC, linia brzegowa Abstrakt Ortofotomapy stanowią dziś niezastąpione źrodlo pozyskiwania danych topograficznych, ktore rowniez mozna wykorzystac w opracowaniu map nawigacyjnych. W związku z faktem, ze są to mapy do zastosowan specjalnych, muszą cechowac sie określoną dokladnością sytuacyjną. Celem pracy jest ocena dokladności kartowania linii brzegowej z wykorzystaniem zdjec lotniczych i obrazow satelitarnych. Oceny tej dokonano na podstawie analizy statystycznej związanej z określeniem dokladności wektoryzacji linii brzegowej akwenow środlądowych.
Analysis of E-Commerce Repurchase Intention by Consumers during the Covid-19 Pandemic Based on Social Network Behavior

The emergence of global social isolation in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic accelerated the growth of e-commerce to a high level, that allowed companies to become more technologically aware of customer management, moving from a traditional system to a modern one. However, this change has not been carried out in a drastic way, and even not completely, because the Peruvian commercial environment is difficult to penetrate, and it is complicated to displace the already established sales channels. Therefore, in this research, data was collected from the main e-commerce companies in the Peruvian market, at the national level (Falabella Peru and Ripley Peru), to demonstrate the importance of social media management as a factor promoting repurchase intention and that, consequently, it is an important aspect to consider during the elaboration of loyalty models in organizations. For this reason, a survey was used as a data collection tool and the information obtained was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling with IBM SPSS AMOS software. Given this, the most relevant result obtained was that social media activities have a positive and significant effect on repurchase intention. On the contrary, brand equity and customer relationship have a positive relationship, but not as relevant for repurchase intention.
Validation of an intermediate‐complexity model for simulating marine biogeochemistry under anoxic conditions in the modern Black Sea

We test the ability of a new 1‐D intermediate‐complexity box model (ICBM) that includes process‐based C, N, P, O, and S biogeochemistry to simulate profiles and fluxes of biogeochemically reactive species across a wide range of ocean redox states. The ICBM was developed to simulate whole ocean processes for paleoceanographic applications and has been tested with data from the modern global ocean. Here we adapt the circulation submodel of the ICBM to simulate water mass exchange and eddy diffusion processes in the Black Sea but make only very minor changes to the biogeochemical submodel. We force the model with estimated natural and anthropogenic inputs of tracers and nutrients to the Black Sea and compare the results of the simulations to modern observations. Ventilation of the Black Sea is modeled by depth‐dependent entrainment of Cold Intermediate Layer water into Bosphorus plume water and subsequent intrusion into deep layers. The simulated profiles of circulation tracers θ, salinity, CFC‐12, and radiocarbon agree well with available data, suggesting that the model does a reasonable job of representing physical exchange. Vertical profiles of biogeochemically active components are in good overall agreement with observations. The lack of trace metal (Mn and Fe) cycling in the model results in some discrepancies between the simulated profiles and observation across the suboxic zone; however, the overall redox balance is not sensitive to this difference. We compare modeled basin‐wide biogeochemical fluxes to available estimates, but in a number of cases uncertainties in modern budgets limit our ability to test the model rigorously. In agreement with earlier work we find that fixed N losses via thiodenitrification are likely a major pathway in the Black Sea N cycle. Overall, the same biogeochemical submodel used to simulate the modern global ocean appears to perform well in simulating Black Sea processes without requiring significant modification. The ability of a single model to perform across a wide range of redox states is an important prerequisite for applying the ICBM to deep time paleoceanographic problems. The model source code is available as MATLAB™ 7 m‐files provided as auxiliary material.
Road Extraction from High-Resolution Remote Sensing Images via Local and Global Context Reasoning

Road extraction from high-resolution remote sensing images is a critical task in image understanding and analysis, yet it poses significant challenges because of road occlusions caused by vegetation, buildings, and shadows. Deep convolutional neural networks have emerged as the leading approach for road extraction because of their exceptional feature representation capabilities. However, existing methods often yield incomplete and disjointed road extraction results. To address this issue, we propose CR-HR-RoadNet, a novel high-resolution road extraction network that incorporates local and global context reasoning. In this work, we introduce a road-adapted high-resolution network as the feature encoder, effectively preserving intricate details of narrow roads and spatial information. To capture multi-scale local context information and model the interplay between roads and background environments, we integrate multi-scale features with residual learning in a specialized multi-scale feature representation module. Moreover, to enable efficient long-range dependencies between different dimensions and reason the correlation between various road segments, we employ a lightweight coordinate attention module as a global context-aware algorithm. Extensive quantitative and qualitative experiments on three datasets demonstrate that CR-HR-RoadNet achieves superior extraction accuracy across various road datasets, delivering road extraction results with enhanced completeness and continuity. The proposed method holds promise for advancing road extraction in challenging remote sensing scenarios and contributes to the broader field of deep-learning-based image analysis for geospatial applications.
Reducing the Sidelobes in Doppler-Range Beam Pattern and Controlling the Frequency Channel in SIAR

Synthetic impulse and aperture radar (SIAR) is a multi-input multi-output orthogonal multicarrier frequency radar, kind of frequency diverse array (FDA). This radar has omnidirectional emission in the transmitter and each receiver or receiving array can form a beam. The 4D matched filter of this radar’s circular arrays can reveal the range, elevation angle, azimuth angle, and Doppler. The existence of a high sidelobe in the range-Doppler is one of the significant challenges of this radar, and pulse-to-pulse frequency code non-agile (PPFCNA) and pulse-to-pulse frequency code agile (PPFCA) are often used to reduce it. Weighting is one of the available methods for reducing sidelobes in array radars, but weighting in the matched filter is more effective in SIAR radars due to their ability to transmit signals with different and orthogonal frequencies. This paper proposes the use of amplitude weighting in the submatched filter, which is made possible by increasing the degree of freedom in the SIAR process. In this method, each receiver’s signal is independently processed and weighted with a submatched filter. Then, a synthetic pulse is formed by combining the data from multiple channels. The output of the simulation with weighting in the matched filter for the PPFCNA indicates an 8.7908 dB reduction in sidelobes, while the output for the PPFCA indicates a 3.3779 dB reduction in sidelobes.
Analizando el desempeño de distintas topologías en algoritmos evolutivos distribuidos

Resumen: En este trabajo se presenta un estudio comparativo de la eficiencia de algoritmos evolutivos trabajando sobre un entorno distribuido. La distribución utilizada consistió en dividir la población global en subpoblaciones (islas) interconectadas a través de diferentes topologías. Se evaluó el desempeño de estos algoritmos a partir de la elección entre las diversas topologías implementadas, las diferentes cantidades de individuos a migrar entre las islas y la cantidad de máquinas en las que se distribuirá la ejecución de cada una de las islas. Para medir la eficiencia del desempeño se usó, entre otras métricas, el speedup que nos permite evaluar el impacto del agregado de elementos de procesamiento al cluster de computadoras a usar. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que los algoritmos distribuidos superan a su contraparte secuencial tanto en tiempo (alto speedup) como en esfuerzo computacional (menor número de puntos visitados durante la búsqueda de la solución).
Communities and Ecosystems: Linking the Aboveground and Belowground Components

Cold Seep Wikipedia A Cold Seep (sometimes Called A Cold Vent) Is An Area Of The Ocean Floor Where Hydrogen Sulfide, Methane And Other Hydrocarbon-rich Fluid Seepage Occurs, Often In The Form Of A Brine Pool. Cold Does Not Mean That The Temperature Of The Seepage Is Lower Than That Of The Surrounding Sea Water. On The Contrary, Its Temperature Is Often Slightly Higher. The "cold" Is Relative To The Very Warm (at . May 5th, 2019
Building a Digital Manufacturing as a Service Ecosystem for Catena-X

Manufacturing as a Service (MaaS) enables a paradigm shift in the current manufacturing landscape, from integrated production and inflexible, fragile supply chains to open production and flexible, robust supply chains. As part of this evolution, new scaling effects for production capacities and customer segments are possible. This article describes how to accomplish this paradigm shift for the automotive industry by building a digital MaaS ecosystem for the large-scale automotive innovation project Catena-X, which aims at a standardized global data exchange based on European values. A digital MaaS ecosystem can not only achieve scaling effects, but also realize new business models and overcome current and future challenges in the areas of legislation, sustainability, and standardization. This article analyzes the state-of-the-art of MaaS ecosystems and describes the development of a digital MaaS ecosystem based on an updated and advanced version of the reference architecture for smart connected factories, called the Smart Factory Web. Furthermore, this article describes a demonstrator for a federated MaaS marketplace for Catena-X which leverages the full technological potential of this digital ecosystem. In conclusion, the evaluation of the implemented digital ecosystem enables the advancement of the reference architecture Smart Factory Web, which can now be used as a blueprint for open, sustainable, and resilient digital manufacturing ecosystems.
ANALISIS PENGARUH TATA KELOLA PERUSAHAAN DAN PROFIL DEWAN DIREKSI TERHADAP KUALITAS AUDIT

This research aims to analyze the effect of corporate governance and the profile of the board ofdirectors on the quality of audits that will be produced by companies listed on the IDX. The dependentvariable used is audit quality (dummy variable). The data obtained will be tested using logisticregression analysis with SPSS 25 application. The results showed that female directors, age of theboard of directors, expertise of the board of directors, size of the board of directors, independence ofthe board of directors, independent audit committee, and audit committee meetings did not have asignificant effect on audit quality. Meanwhile, audit committee size has negative significant effect onaudit quality. And board of directors meeting, firm size and firm age have a significant positive effecton audit quality. All independent variables can explain the dependent variable as much as 41.7%
Clothoid-Based Reference Path Reconstruction for HD Map Generation

High-definition (HD) map is one of the key assets for autonomous driving, which supports various modules such as behavior prediction and motion planning of autonomous vehicles by providing accurate and rich geometric and semantic information. However, at present, the scalability and computational efficiency of HD map generation cannot meet the needs of highly automated driving. Specifically, efficiently obtaining the optimal parameters of the road’s reference path is still an open problem. In this paper, we propose a fast and robust path reconstruction method, which compresses the dense points of a reference line into sparse parameters with minimal loss of information. The reconstructed path consists of segmented linear curvature contours, which are straight lines, circular arcs, and clothoids. The optimum result is obtained through linear programming for short-path reconstruction, and for the long paths, a fast progressive reconstruction approach is used to find a feasible solution. Experimental results on both randomly generated data and the GPS-collected trajectories show that compared with existing methods, the proposed method can generate more accurate path reconstruction, and the computational time is greatly reduced.