Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sea levels, land levels, and tide gauges

Changes in sea level caused by global warming can be disastrous to modern civilization. Therefore, it is important to use accurate and reliable methods to monitor any change. During this century, and, in particular, the last three decades, tide-gauge records have been used to show these changes related to the world's oceans. Aubrey and Emery suggest, however, that tidal gauges should not be used unquestioningly as a benchmark for measuring eustatic sea-level changes. Tectonism, subsidence, ocean current variability, and human activity can, and do, affect the accuracy of these records. Understanding the reasons for changes in land and sea levels is essential for the proper development of coastal regions. The results of this study provide guiding data for scientific, engineering, and policy solutions to coastal flooding. Determining the true causes of relative subsidence, and how to use geological and oceanological controls, will allow us to exist within our natural environment, rather than force nature to conform to our legal and temporary "remedies". This monograph on marine geology, quaternary geology, physical and chemical oceanography is intended for researchers and graduate students.
NU$^{2}$P-Based Reversible Data Hiding in the Multi-Histogram Modification Framework

This letter aims to propose an advanced predictor called NU<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>P in the multiple histogram modification (MHM)-based framework by combining deep learning techniques that take the local characteristics of pixels into account. NU<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>P is firstly designed for reversible data hiding by incorporating U<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>P (an improved version of U<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>-Net) equipped with convolutional block attention module (CBAM). The purpose of U<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>P is to integrate the feature maps with different sizes and receptive fields through U-Net-like residual U-blocks (RSUs), which can make full of strong correlations between adjacent pixels while reducing the computational cost by means of the pooling layers of RSUs. CBAM pays different attention to feature maps and elements of feature maps from the perspectives of channel and spatial attention, thereby helping NU<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>P further enhance the prediction performance. In the MHM-based framework, for multiple categories generated using fuzzy C-means with multiple deliberately-designed features, NU<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>P is conductive to constructing a sharp prediction error histogram (PEH) for each category and the improved discrete particle swarm optimization without significantly increasing the computational cost is used to adaptively select the optimal bins for each PEH. The experimental results show that the proposed method significantly outperforms several state-of-the-art RDH methods in terms of image quality and payload.
Role of demographic variables in investigating occupational stress of disaster and emergency medical management center

BACKGROUND: Emergency medical services face stressful environments such as departments dealing with injuries and sick patients that pose challenging situations for the healthcare staff. This present study investigates the role of demographic variables in investigating occupational stress of disaster and emergency medical management center in 2021. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This present descriptive study selected a sample size of 200 medical personnel associated with disaster and emergency medical management center in Iran, according to the inclusion chosen criteria. The study used a tool consisting of two parts, including demographic information and a job stress Health and Safety Executive (HSE) standard questionnaire. The study selected respondents through Cochran's sample size formula using stratified random sampling with a cross-sectional research design for data collection. This present study has analyzed received data using performed the descriptive and inferential information (t-test and one-way ANOVA) at a significance level P < 0.05. The participants of the survey were males only. RESULTS: The study results specified that the mean age of respondents was 30.14 ± 5.96. The study results exhibited that the mean score of total occupational stress was 3.41 ± 0.26. The results showed the highest (4.34 ± 0.35) and the lowest (2.72 ± 0.86) stress levels were related to role dimensions. CONCLUSIONS: The study findings revealed a significant relationship between stress level and participants’ age, marital status, educational level, type of base, workplace, and the number of work hours per month. Emergency medical personnel experience a high level of occupational stress. Senior managers can use similar studies to implement measures to reduce the experience of employees’ stress.
Teleosts as behaviour test models for social stress

Stress is an important aspect of our everyday life and exposure to it is an unavoidable occurrence. In humans, this can come in the form of social stress or physical stress from an injury. Studies in animal models have helped researchers to understand the body’s adaptive response to stress in human. Notably, the use of behavioural tests in animal models plays a pivotal role in understanding the neural, endocrine and behavioural changes induced by social stress. Under socially stressed conditions, behavioural parameters are often measured physiological and molecular parameters as changes in behaviour are direct responses to stress and are easily assessed by behavioural tests. Throughout the past few decades, the rodent model has been used as a well-established animal model for stress and behavioural changes. Recently, more attention has been drawn towards using fish as an animal model. Common fish models such as zebrafish, medaka, and African cichlids have the advantage of a higher rate of reproduction, easier handling techniques, sociability and most importantly, share evolutionary conserved genetic make-up, neural circuitry, neuropeptide molecular structure and function with mammalian species. In fact, some fish species exhibit a clear diurnal or seasonal rhythmicity in their stress response, similar to humans, as opposed to rodents. Various social stress models have been established in fish including but not limited to chronic social defeat stress, social stress avoidance, and social stress-related decision-making. The huge variety of behavioural patterns in teleost also aids in the study of more behavioural phenotypes than the mammalian species. In this review, we focus on the use of fish models as alternative models to study the effects of stress on different types of behaviours. Finally, fish behavioural tests against the typical mammalian model-based behavioural test are compared and discussed for their viability.
Perceptual organization for computer vision

Humans can easily group the elements in an image on such structural relationships as collinearity, parallelism, and symmetry. This phenomenon is called perceptual organization. To effectively use perceptual organization for computer vision, we require techniques for detecting such groupings in images, and techniques for utilizing the groupings for other stages of the visual process. In this work, we first detect edges in an image. We then group the edges based on the structural relationships among them. These groupings are treated as elements in the image, and are in turn grouped again. Thus, a hierarchy of such structural groupings is formed. The structural relationships used for the grouping are determined by the shapes of the objects being viewed. When the objects being viewed are known, we detect only those geometrical relationships which are found in those objects. To handle unknown objects, we detect the same geometrical relationships as the human visual system. We use the edge groupings to perform various visual tasks: for obtaining depth information stereooptically, for extracting from the image the objects being viewed, and for describing the shapes of the detected objects. (Copies available exclusively from Micrographics Department, Doheny Library, USC, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0182.)
26-/39-GHz Low-Profile Dual-Circularly-Polarized Hybrid Antenna With Integrated Single Feed

A low-profile dual-band dual-circularly-polarized (dual-CP) antenna is proposed in this article. The proposed antenna hybridizes folded transmitarray (FTA) for the lower band and folded reflectarray (FRA) for the upper band. The top metasurface employs the receiver–transmitter (Rx–Tx) structure and works as a polarization grid to collimate electromagnetic (EM) waves at the lower band. In addition, this top metasurface realizes wave conversion from linear polarization to circular polarization for dual bands. Meanwhile, a double-layer bottom metasurface realizes wave collimation at the upper band and 90° polarization twisting in both bands. In this way, right-hand circular polarization (RHCP) at 26 GHz and left-hand circular polarization (LHCP) at 39 GHz are achieved simultaneously. Furthermore, the proposed hybrid antenna is fed by a wideband magneto-electric (ME) dipole with a single LP. This planar ME dipole is inherently integrated with the bottom metasurface. For validation, a dual-band antenna including a top metasurface and a bottom metasurface is designed, fabricated, and measured. The height-to-diameter ratio (H/D) is only 0.22 for FTA and 0.24 for FRA, while the 3 dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidths are 11.4% (24.9–27.9 GHz) and 4.2% (37.7–39.3 GHz), respectively. The proposed antenna features low cost, low profile, high gain, and planar integration. This single antenna covers two bands (26/39 GHz) for the fifth generation (5G) millimeter-wave applications.
Using Ruminant Livestock as a Post-Secondary Model to Introduce Microbial Ecology and Systems Biology

Abstract Ruminant animals serve as an excellent platform for post-secondary biological science instructors to teach microbial ecology and systems biology. Instructors can extrapolate the dynamic interactions that microorganisms play in modifying the diet of a ruminant animal. This symbiosis can be used to teach how ruminants can thrive on low-quality feed yet produce high-quality substances such as meat and milk. Instructors can require students to create graphical models that represent these dynamics, through the lens of systems biology. Altogether, instructors should consider teaching microbiology in their introductory biological science courses through the lens of ruminant production; especially, since we live in a time when vast population interest revolves around the origins of our food.
Antioxidant and antidiabetic effects of aqueous extract of Senna alata on alloxan-induced diabetic rats

This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant effect and the state of the liver following injury by alloxan monohydrate and treatment with an aqueous extract of Senna alata (SA) leaf. A total of 24 male Albino Wistar rats assigned into 4 groups (A-D) of 6 rats per group were used in this study. Forty-eight hours following administration of alloxan monohydrate and confirmation of diabetes mellitus in groups B-D rats, group C were treated with SA while group D rats were treated with glibenclamide. Rats in groups A and B received distilled water. The treatments were through oral administration, once daily for 21 consecutive days. On day 21 post-treatment, serum samples were collected for in vivo antioxidants and liver enzyme assays. The liver tissues were also collected for macroscopic examination and histomorphology. The in vitro antioxidant activity of SA was also determined using DPPH photometric model. The SA-treated rats recorded significantly reduced activities of ALT, ALP and total bilirubin values when compared to rats in the diabetic untreated group. There was also a significant increase in the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione in SA-treated rats compared to those of the untreated diabetic group. The study also recorded 67.33% in vitro antioxidant activity of SA at 400 μg/ml. Liver photomicrographs of rats treated with the extract were comparable to those of the normal control while diabetic untreated rats showed congestion of the central vein, degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes. SA has both in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity and protected the liver against damage by alloxan monohydrate.
Papaverine Enhances the Oncolytic Effects of Newcastle Disease Virus on Breast Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo

Breast cancer is a lethal disease in females worldwide and needs effective treatment. Targeting cancer cells with selective and safe treatment seems like the best choice, as most chemotherapeutic drugs act unselectively. Papaverine showed promising antitumor activity with a high safety profile and increased blood flow through vasodilation. At the same time, it was widely noticed that virotherapy using the Newcastle disease virus proved to be safe and selective against a broad range of cancer cells. Furthermore, combination therapy is favorable, as it attacks cancer cells with multiple mechanisms and enhances virus entrance into the tumor mass, overcoming cancer cells' resistance to therapy. Therefore, we aimed at assessing the novel combination of the AMHA1 strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and nonnarcotic opium alkaloid (papaverine) against breast cancer models in vitro and in vivo. Methods. In vitro experiments used two human breast cancer cell lines and one normal cell line and were treated with NDV, papaverine, and a combination. The study included a cell viability MTT assay, morphological analysis, and apoptosis detection. Animal experiments used the AN3 mouse mammary adenocarcinoma tumor model. Evaluation of the antitumor activity included growth inhibition measurement; the immunohistochemistry assay measured caspase protein expression. Finally, a semiquantitative microarray assay was used to screen changes in apoptotic proteins. In vitro, results showed that the combination therapy induces synergistic cytotoxicity and apoptosis against cancer cells with a negligible cytotoxic effect on normal cells. In vivo, combination treatment induced a significant antitumor effect with an obvious regression in tumor size and a remarkable and significant expression of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 compared to monotherapies. Microarray analysis shows higher apoptosis protein levels in the combination therapy group. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the role of papaverine in enhancing the antitumor activity of NDV, suggesting a promising strategy for breast cancer therapy through nonchemotherapeutic drugs.
The Arf-GEF GBF1 undergoes multi-domain structural shifts to activate Arf at the Golgi

Golgi homeostasis require the activation of Arf GTPases by the guanine-nucleotide exchange factor requires GBF1, whose recruitment to the Golgi represents a rate limiting step in the process. GBF1 contains a conserved, catalytic, Sec7 domain (Sec7d) and five additional (DCB, HUS, HDS1-3) domains. Herein, we identify the HDS3 domain as essential for GBF1 membrane association in mammalian cells and document the critical role of HDS3 during the development of Drosophila melanogaster. We show that upon binding to Golgi membranes, GBF1 undergoes conformational changes in regions bracketing the catalytic Sec7d. We illuminate GBF1 interdomain arrangements by negative staining electron microscopy of full-length human GBF1 to show that GBF1 forms an anti-parallel dimer held together by the paired central DCB-HUS core, with two sets of HDS1-3 arms extending outward in opposite directions. The catalytic Sec7d protrudes from the central core as a largely independent domain, but is closely opposed to a previously unassigned α-helix from the HDS1 domain. Based on our data, we propose models of GBF1 engagement on the membrane to provide a paradigm for understanding GBF1-mediated Arf activation required for cellular and organismal function.
Burden of Childhood Injuries in India and Possible Public Health Interventions: A Systematic Review

Childhood injuries are a major public health challenge in India and globally. This systematic review was conducted to understand the burden and spectrum of childhood injuries, with a focus on unintentional injuries, among children 5–14 years of age and to suggest approaches to prevention that can be adopted in the Indian context. This systematic review was conducted with the standard approach and use of keywords. A total of 33 studies which were found to be relevant were analyzed. Road traffic accidents (RTAs) contribute to nearly 85% of all unintentional injuries and related deaths and 90% of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost in developing countries. Poor traffic regulation, heavy traffic load, and poor skill of identifying the dangerous road crossing sites make the children's age group vulnerable and prone to RTA. Children with poor skill of identification and response to dangerous road crossing sites, along with heavy unregulated traffic were found to be the major reasons for such accidents and make this age group more vulnerable. Public health-based prevention approaches need to be based upon legislation, regulation, and enforcement, as well as environmental modification, education and skill development, emergency medical care using levels of prevention, and principles of targeted prevention to effectively address child health challenges. Addressing child injuries should be a key component of all endeavors aimed at enhancing child mortality and morbidity rates, as well as the overall welfare of children, both at the national and global levels. It is imperative to prioritize policies focused on preventing unintentional injuries across all age groups, with particular attention to children.
Predictive relations between early place value understanding and multidigit calculation: approximate versus syntactic measures

Abstract The current longitudinal study measured 279 kindergartners’ (Mage =5.76 years; SD = 0.55; 135 females) place value understanding using both approximate and syntactic measures based on previous evidence that early variation in performance on approximate measures was associated with subsequent syntactic place value understanding. In the present study, we used the same dataset but traced kindergarten variation on both approximate and syntactic measures to children’s multidigit calculation skill in second grade. Path analyses indicated that latent approximate place value knowledge predicted later multidigit calculation performance but more precise understanding of counts and base-ten units did not. However, among the individual task predictors, Base-Ten Counting was the strongest predictor followed by a task asking for specific count of units (e.g. ‘Which number has [two tens]? ') and reading and writing number names (Transcoding). Thus, multidigit calculation skills appear to develop from an emerging, but imprecise understanding of count + unit syntax.
Stimulation of Hemolysis and Eryptosis by α-Mangostin through Rac1 GTPase and Oxidative Injury in Human Red Blood Cells

Background: Chemotherapy-related anemia is prevalent in up to 75% of patients, which may arise due to hemolysis and eryptosis. Alpha-mangostin (α-MG) is a polyphenolic xanthonoid found in the mangosteen tree (Garcinia mangostana) whose antitumor medicinal properties are well-established. Nevertheless, the potential toxic effects of α-MG on red blood cells (RBCs) have, as of yet, not been as well studied. Methods: RBCs were exposed to 1–40 μM of α-MG for 24 h at 37 °C. Hemolysis and related markers were measured using colorimetric assays, eryptotic cells were identified through Annexin-V-FITC, Ca2+ was detected with Fluo4/AM, and oxidative stress was assessed through H2DCFDA using flow cytometry. The toxicity of α-MG was also examined in the presence of specific signal transduction inhibitors and in whole blood. Results: α-MG at 10–40 μM caused dose-dependent hemolysis with concurrent significant elevation in K+, Mg2+, and LDH leakage, but at 2.5 μM it significantly increased the osmotic resistance of cells. A significant increase was also noted in Annexin-V-binding cells, along with intracellular Ca2+, oxidative stress, and cell shrinkage. Moreover, acetylcholinesterase activity was significantly inhibited by α-MG, whose hemolytic potential was significantly ameliorated by the presence of BAPTA-AM, vitamin C, NSC23766, and isosmotic sucrose but not urea. In whole blood, α-MG significantly depleted intracellular hemoglobin stores and was selectively toxic to platelets and monocytes. Conclusions: α-MG possesses hemolytic and eryptotic activities mediated through Ca2+ signaling, Rac1 GTPase activity, and oxidative injury. Also, α-MG leads to accelerated cellular aging and specifically targets platelet and monocyte populations in a whole blood milieu.
Case report: Exome sequencing revealed disease-causing variants in a patient with spondylospinal thoracic dysostosis

Background Spondylocostal dysostosis is a rare genetic disorder caused by mutations in DLL3, MESP2, LFNG, HES7, TBX6, and RIPPLY2. A particular form of this disorder characterized by the association of spondylocostal dysostosis with multiple pterygia has been reported and called spondylospinal thoracic dysostosis. Both disorders affect the spine and ribs, leading to abnormal development of the spine. Spondylospinal thoracic dysostosis is a rare syndrome characterized by the association of multiple vertebral segmentation defects, thoracic cage deformity, and multiple pterygia. This syndrome can be considered a different form of the described spondylocostal dysostosis. However, no genetic testing has been conducted for this rare disorder so far. Methods We report here the case of an 18-month-old female patient presenting the clinical and radiological features of spondylospinal thoracic dysostosis. To determine the underlying genetic etiology, whole exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing were performed. Results Using WES, we identified a variant in the TPM2 gene c. 628C>T, already reported in the non-lethal form of multiple pterygium syndrome. In addition, following the analysis of WES data, using bioinformatic tools, for oligogenic diseases, we identified candidate modifier genes, CAP2 and ADCY6, that could impact the clinical manifestations. Conclusion We showed a potential association between TPM2 and the uncommon spondylocostal dysostosis phenotype that would require further validation on larger cohort.
Social Relationship and Content Analyses in an Online Class Community under Covid-19

Clarifying the blog’s background and successfully grasping its main subject are essential components of any examination of the blogging community. There are numerous previous researches on how to evaluate blogs and comments to discover the connections and content in a social group. This work seeks to focus on blog comments based on students’ relationships and conduct in a class community and to complement prior research techniques by emphasizing the importance of blog community analysis under Covid-19. It also provides an evaluation of the participation and performance results. We mainly focus on analyzing comments as the interaction among students and discuss the similarity in some highly performance students. With the help of social network analysis for online course student behavior, some tendency related to student behavior in this group has been shown in the experiment results by bias analysis, Pearson correlation, and Latent Dirichlet allocation, which serve as the data processing tools in this experiment.