Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interpretation of the Hume-Rothery electron concentration rule in the T 2 Zn 11 ( T = Ni , Pd, Co, and Fe) γ brasses based on first-principles FLAPW calculations

The first-principles full-potential augmented plane wave (FLAPW) band calculations were performed for a series of ${T}_{2}{\mathrm{Zn}}_{11}$ ($T=\mathrm{Ni}$, Pd, Co, and Fe) $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ brasses to elucidate the Hume-Rothery electron concentration rule. The pseudogap is found immediately below the Fermi level ${E}_{F}$ in the ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{2}{\mathrm{Zn}}_{11}$ and ${\mathrm{Pd}}_{2}{\mathrm{Zn}}_{11}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ brasses. A resulting gain in the electronic energy is attributed to their stabilization in the same way as in ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{5}{\mathrm{Zn}}_{8}$ and ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{9}{\mathrm{Al}}_{4}$ previously studied. However, the pseudogap is essentially shifted above ${E}_{F}$ in both ${\mathrm{Co}}_{2}{\mathrm{Zn}}_{11}$ and ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{Zn}}_{11}$. The Fourier analysis of the FLAPW wave function was made at the symmetry point $N$ of the reduced Brillouin zone in the energy range involving the pseudogap. It is found that the plane wave giving rise to the largest Fourier component always resonates with the {330} and {411} zone planes to produce the pseudogap near ${E}_{F}$. Moreover, a single-branch energy dispersion relation was constructed in the extended zone scheme by averaging the wave vector $2(\mathbf{k}+\mathbf{G})$ having the largest Fourier component of the FLAPW wave function over selected electronic states in the Brillouin zone. The $e∕a$ value thus deduced is found to be close to $21∕13=1.615$ for ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{5}{\mathrm{Zn}}_{8}$, ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{9}{\mathrm{Al}}_{4}$, ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{2}{\mathrm{Zn}}_{11}$, and ${\mathrm{Pd}}_{2}{\mathrm{Zn}}_{11}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ brasses but to be only 1.4 and 1.3 for ${\mathrm{Co}}_{2}{\mathrm{Zn}}_{11}$ and ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{Zn}}_{11}$, respectively.
Quasilinear collisionless electron heating in a weakly magnetized inductively coupled plasma

Collisionless electron heating in a low-pressure weakly magnetized inductively coupled plasma is considered by means of quasilinear theory. We use a one-dimensional slab model of an inductively coupled plasma with a penetrating radio frequency (RF) electric field given by an exponential function. Diffusion coefficients in velocity space are obtained regarding the induced RF electric field and induced polarization electric field (DC electric field). It is shown that the induced polarization electric field has a significant contribution to the collisionless electron heating. We consider the influence of the quasilinear collision integral on the evolution of the symmetric part of the electron energy distribution function.
The spectrum of cosmic ray neutrons at sea level in the range 0.4-1.2 GeV

The neutron spectrum at sea level has been measured in the kinetic energy range 0.4-1.2 GeV using the charge exchange reaction n+p to p+n. In this energy range the vertical intensity of neutrons is found to be consistent with the value calculated from the work of Hughes and Marsden (abstr. A19942 of 1966) who estimated the global spectrum of neutrons from indirect measurements of the multiplicity distribution of neutrons in a neutron monitor.
Valorization of platelets with no therapeutic value with Pulsed Electric Fields*

Platelets are blood components with high biomedical potential due to their physiological role in wound healing and their rich growth factor content. This paper describes proof of concept experiments aimed to produce a new blood derived product by applying Pulsed Electric Fields (PEF) in platelet concentrates with no therapeutic value for transfusion medicine. A human platelet concentrate suspension was subjected to a PEF treatment of 1 pulse, 5 kV/cm, with 2 μs. Release of Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF) from the electroporated platelets was measured by ELISA. Furthermore, the biological activity of the obtained blood derived product was characterized. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) were cultured in the presence of the proteins released from the platelets after PEF application and evaluated for their expansion potential.Results show that platelets concentrates submitted to a single PEF treatment can release PDGF to the supernatant. Protein release from the single and transient PEF cycle was confirmed by the expansion of hMSC cultured with a medium supplemented with platelet releasate obtained from electroporated platelets. These results support the valorization of platelet concentrates with no transfusion value that would otherwise be discarded. Applying PEF might allow the development of alternative releasate for different biomedical applications, namely stem cells culture.
Searching for transits in data with long time baselines and poor sampling

Aims. The standard method of searching parameter space for transits is ill-suited to data sets with long time baselines and poor temporal coverage, such as that anticipated from Gaia. In this paper, we present an alternative method for identifying transit candidates is such data, one focusing on finding periodicity in high S/N outliers. Methods. We describe a technique for testing a small number of flux measurements for periodicity and consistency with an origin in a transit with a constant change in flux and test their performance with Monte Carlo simulations. To complement this, we also include a description of a statistical method to analyze the distribution of these measurements to determine if they are normally distributed around a constant, reduce flux consistent with a planetary transits. Results. Large numbers of light curves can be quickly scanned for transit signatures with minimal loss in effectiveness for data sets with long time baselines and poor temporal coverage, where one observation per transit is the norm by testing for periodicity and analyzing their distribution. Conclusions. If the noise characteristics of the data set and the intrinsic noise of the individual stars are understood, this method focusing on statistical outliers is nearly equivalent to the standard method of scanning parameter space and significantly faster, if the signal >> noise, the individual transits are sampled no more than once and a periodicity test is employed. Moreover, the test for a transit origin can eliminate additional false positives.
CO OBSERVATIONS OF GALAXIES 1985-1990

isotopes in galaxies that have appeared since the submission of Verter (1985) and before the end of 1989. For each publication the number and nature of the observations are summarized. Condensations of this information can be used to evaluate the current status and direction of observational research on molecular gas in external galaxies.
Size evolution of the oxygen interstitial nanowires in La2CuO4+y by thermal treatments and x-ray continuous illumination

Using synchrotron x-ray diffraction as pump and probe, we show how the oxygen interstitials (Oi) become ordered as a function of temperature under x-ray continuous illumination in an optimum doped La2CuO4+y superconductor. The evolution of Oi grain size and phase segregation is shown by thermal treatments, providing a new experimental avenue for tuning quantum size effects in the system through the direct control of the size of the Oi grains. Here we report the ordering of oxygen interstitials, cooling the sample below 350 K and observing the continuous formation of nanowires. We show the hysteresis in the order–disorder transition controlled by x-ray flux in the sample irradiated with continuous illumination. The shape of oxygen interstitial grains as they grow is anisotropic, showing Oi ordering under x-ray illumination in the a–b plane and in the c-axis direction.
An epidemic model for biological data fusion in ad hoc sensor networks

Bio terrorism can be a very refined and a catastrophic approach of attacking a nation. This requires the development of a complete architecture dedicatedly designed for this purpose which includes but is not limited to Sensing/Detection, Tracking and Fusion, Communication, and others. In this paper we focus on one such architecture and evaluate its performance. Various sensors for this specific purpose have been studied. The accent has been on use of Distributed systems such as ad-hoc networks and on application of epidemic data fusion algorithms to better manage the bio threat data. The emphasis has been on understanding the performance characteristics of these algorithms under diversified real time scenarios which are implemented through extensive JAVA based simulations. Through comparative studies on communication and fusion the performance of channel filter algorithm for the purpose of biological sensor data fusion are validated.
A polynomial invariant of integral homology 3-spheres

In 1988 Witten [W] proposed invariants Zk(M) ∈ ℂ (what we call, quantum G invariants) for a 3-manifold M and any integer k associated with a compact simple Lie group G. The invariant Zk(M) is formally expressed by an integral (Feynman path integral) over the (infinite dimensional) quotient space of the all connections in G-bundles on M modulo gauge transformations. If one believes in Feynman path integrals, one can expect the asymptotic formula of Zk(M) for large k predicted by perturbation theory. As in [W], the asymptotic formula (which is a power series in k−1) is given by a sum of contributions from flat connections, since the integral contains an integrand which is wildly oscillatory apart from flat connections for large k. More precise forms of the asymptotic formula are studied in [AS1], [AS2] and [Ko].
Period-doubling cascades and strange attractors in the triple-well ϕ6-Van der Pol oscillator

Duffing–Van der Pol equation with the fifth nonlinear-restoring force is investigated. The bifurcation structure and chaotic motion under the periodic perturbation are obtained by numerical simulations. Numerical simulations, including bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponents, phase portraits and Poincaré maps, exhibit some new complex dynamical behaviors of the system. Different routes to chaos, such as period doubling and quasi-periodic routes, and various kinds of strange attractors are also demonstrated.
Formulation and In Vivo Evaluation of Orally Disintegrating Tablets of Clozapine/Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes

The aim of this study was to improve the solubility and oral bioavailability of clozapine (CLZ), a poorly water-soluble drug subjected to substantial first-pass metabolism, employing cyclodextrin complexation technique. The inclusion complexes were prepared by an evaporation method. Phase solubility studies, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to evaluate the complexation of CLZ with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and the formation of true inclusion complexes. Characterization and dissolution studies were carried out to evaluate the orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) containing CLZ/HP-β-CD complexes prepared by direct compression. Finally, the bioavailability studies of the prepared ODTs were performed by oral administration to rabbits. The ODTs showed a higher in vitro dissolution rate and bioavailability compared with the commercial tablets. It is evident from the results herein that the developed ODTs provide a promising drug delivery system in drug development, owing to their excellent performance of a rapid onset of action, improved bioavailability, and good patient compliance.
Effects of modelling, resolution and anisotropy of subgrid-scales on large eddy simulations of channel flow

In this paper, the effect of subgrid-scale (SGS) modelling, grid resolution and anisotropy of the subgrid-scales on large eddy simulation (LES) is investigated. LES of turbulent channel flow is performed at Re τ=934, based on friction velocity and channel half width, for a wide range of resolutions. The dynamic Smagorinsky model (DS), the high-pass filtered dynamic Smagorinsky model (HPF) based on the variational multiscale method and the recent explicit algebraic model (EA), which accounts for the anisotropy of the SGS stresses are considered. The first part of the paper is focused on the resolution effects on LES, where the performances of the three SGS models at different resolutions are compared to direct numerical simulation (DNS) results. The results show that LES using eddy viscosity SGS models is very sensitive to resolution. At coarse resolutions, LES with the DS and the HPF models deviate considerably from DNS, whereas LES with the EA model still gives reasonable results. Further analysis shows that the two former models do not accurately predict the SGS dissipation near the wall, while the latter does, even at coarse resolutions. In the second part, the effect of SGS modelling on LES predictions of near-wall and outer-layer turbulent structures is discussed. It is found that different models predict near-wall turbulent structures of different sizes. Analysis of the spectra shows that although near-wall scales are not resolved at coarse resolutions, large-scale motions can be reasonably captured in LES using all the tested models.
On the collapse and violent relaxation of protoglobular clusters

During the formation of stellar systems such as globular clusters, low-mass subcondensations which eventually form stars must retain a geometric size throughout the collapse process that is small compared to the characteristic distance separating them. If the local velocity dispersion of the subcondensations is small, the overall dimension of the system can decrease substantially before reaching a dynamical equilibrium state. The maximum collapse factor is deduced by examining the growth of the velocity dispersion and the spread in arrival times at the origin caused by local and global fluctuations. It is shown, analytically as well as in a series of N-body simulations, that the maximum reduction in the characteristic dimension of a system of N fragments with an initial homogeneous distribution subject to N exp 1/2 fluctuations is proportional to N exp 1/3. Direct physical collisions between low-mass subcondensations are therefore unlikely to occur in protoglobular clusters. The results are discussed in the context of fragmentation and violent relaxation. 29 references.
New methods of near-field holography

Two optical interference methods of surfaces characterization with subwavelength resolution are presented. One of the methods is based on recording of the interferograms of the near-field, which contains information about subwavelength structure of the surface. The concept of the other method consists in transformation of the near-field evanescent waves to propagating waves and measuring of their parameters far from the surface. Proposed methods have been tested numerically.
Ultrasonic Attenuation Properties of Glassy Alloys in Views of Complex Viscoelasticity

Using ultrasonics, acoustic characteristics of Pd40Cu30P20, Zr55Cu30Al10Ni5, Zr65Pd12.5Ni10Al7. 5 Cu5, Cu55Zr30Ti10Pd5, Cu45Zr20Hf25Ag10 and Ti41.5Cu42. 5Ni7.5Hf5Zr2. 5Sn1 glassy alloys were examined in terms of complex elasticity. The order of bulk modulus (K), Lamè parameter (λ ), Young (E ) and shear (G ) moduli of the glassy alloys is monopoltical character of glassy alloys, except for polymers and rubbers. For metals and alloys, ceramics, polymers and glassy alloys, Poison’s ratio correlates well to ratio G /K. Complex elasticity indicates that viscoelasticity of the glassy alloys is predominated by volumetric motion.
Large‐scale circulation anomalies associated with persistent low temperature over Southern China in January 2008

A pre‐existing anticyclonic anomaly over Scandinavia/western Russia played a crucial role in the persistent low temperature event over southern China in January 2008. This anticyclonic anomaly extended eastward along the arctic coast of the Eurasian continent, and then induced the persistent low temperature over southern China. Considering that anticyclonic anomalies over Scandinavia/western Russia rarely extended eastward to central Siberia, the simultaneous presence of this feature along with the vigorous Rossby wave propagation along the African‐Asian jet stream is found to be a fundamental factor in the occurrence of the persistent event. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Spectroscopic studies of Wolf-Rayet stars. III - The WC subclass

Wolf-Rayet (W-R) stars, which are the descendants of massive O-type stars, can be subdivided into three groups depending on their spectral appearance. These groups include the nitrogen class (WN), the carbon class (WC), and the oxygen class (WO). The present paper is concerned with the WC stars. The assignment of WC subtypes has been based on visual inspections of photographic plates. One of the aims of this study is related to the quantification of the visual estimates. The measured ratios of equivalent widths and the FWHM of the 4650 A line for Galactic and LMC stars are presented, and the reclassification of some stars is proposed on this basis. In particular, it is shown that the majority of the LMC WC stars should logically be classified WC4 instead of WC5. Comments on individual stars are provided, and terminal velocities are discussed. It is attempted to give a complete overview of the most important spectroscopic features of the WC stars in the optical region.
Grating coupled intersubband transitions in microcavities

Microcavity effects can apply to intersubband transitions if the polarization selection rules are satisfied. We thus propose to insert a grating in a planar microcavity and to take advantage of both the field enhancement due to the cavity and the coupling with intersubband transitions due to the grating. The electromagnetic coupling is reinforced when both the grating and the cavity are resonant with the light wavelength. Accordingly, the spectral width is reduced where the coupling is efficient, which may provide additional advantages for some applications. Various configurations are envisioned and calculations are carried out for dielectric and metallic gratings. These architectures can be used for infrared detection, emission or modulation. Efficient and realistic devices are proposed and optimized.
The pseudoinverse of an $r$-circulant matrix

It is shown that the Moore-Penrose pseudoinverse C+ of an r-circulant matrix C is always the conjugate transpose of an r-circulant matrix. In addition, necessary and sufficient conditions are given for C+ to be an s-circulant matrix. Finally, a method for calculating C+ is given.
A subadditive thermodynamic formalism for mixing repellers

The thermodynamical description of fractals that has recently attracted much interest both experimentally and theoretically in the study of dynamical systems is, in some ways, limited, being essentially an additive theory. The author presents a subadditive thermodynamic formalism for which he derives a variational principle and shows how it may be used to study the dynamics of non-conformal transformations. In particular the author discusses an analogue of Bowen's formula for the dimension of a mixing repeller.
Evolution of a Super Cloud Cluster and the Associated Wind Fields Observed over the Indonesian Maritime Continent during the First CPEA Campaign( CPEA-Coupling Processes in the Equatorial Atmosphere)

A special tropospheric observation was conducted during 10 April-09 May 2004 as a part of the first campaign of the Coupling Processes in the Equatorial Atmosphere (CPEA-I), using upper soundings at seven stations in/around Sumatera, and weather radar and wind profilers at Kototabang (KT; 100.32°E, 0.20°S, 865 m above mean sea level), West Sumatera. A super cloud cluster (SCC) with a westerly wind burst (WWB) propagated eastward over the Indonesian Maritime Continent during 04-07 May. In the present report, we examine the evolution of that SCC and the associated wind behavior in detail, using Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES-9) Infrared (IR) data and CPEA observations. During the analysis period, the SCC developed over the eastern Indian Ocean, decayed rapidly as it reached Sumatera, and re-developed over Kalimantan. The eastward propagation of SCC resulted from the successive formation of meso-scale cloud clusters (CCs) with westward propagation. The transition of the SCC was related to the evolution of CCs. A CC generated over Sumatera began to diminish as the WWB arrives at a mountain range in western Sumatera, but it dominated in/around the mountain range for ∼9 hours. From upper sounding data aligned along the equator, it was found that the migration speed of the WWB over Sumatera was approximately half that over the sea region between Sumatera and Kalimantan, due to the orography of the Indonesian Maritime Continent. In western Sumatera, the peak height of the WWB at the mountain range ascended 1.5 km from that on the windward side. This shows that the eastward migration of the WWB was intercepted by the mountain range. The orographic influence on the WWB is considered to persist during the retention of the CC in its vicinity. Further, we reveal features of the orographic precipitation associated with the WWB and the detailed wind structure inside the SCC over the mountain range, from radar observations at KT.
Symbolic–Numeric Techniques for Solving Nonlinear Systems

Before describing the techniques underlying our nonlinear solver [3] we note that we understand the term “symbolic” in a broad sense. Rather than having it denote only purely algebraical methods, such as the cylindrical algebraic decomposition [2], or approaches with an algebraic component [8], in our view “symbolic” comprises all techniques that are focused on a discrete representation of the system. This definition comprises term manipulation as well as graph-based solving techniques such as constraint propagation.
Interaction of luminance and spectral adaptation upon Benham subjective colours

Subjective colours produced by the achromatic pattern of a rotating Benham's disc depend upon the phase relationship and the contrast between the luminous signals of the arc and the background. By studying the effect of luminance and spectral adaptation with different illuminations specified in terms of LMS cone excitation, we determine whether particular post-receptoral combination signals explain the differences in perceived colours. The results show that (1) the attributes of subjective colours may be determined from a combination of L and M cone excitations in an antagonistic and in a synergetic mode, and more precisely by the ratio of these two combinations; (2) the contribution of these two combinations is modulated by the duration of the white phase preceding the arc; (3) the effect of the S cone signal is small and essentially restricted to the arcs adjacent to the black surface of the disc. We discuss temporal aspects of non-specific spectral contrast units implied in achromatic detection (parvo- and magno-system). We argue that the mechanisms underlying Benham subjective colours, are situated in a neurophysiological site high enough in the visual information processing hierarchy to allow both types of non-spectral-specific signals to be modulated by the duration of the white phase following the dark half disc and preceding the arc, thus reducing the implication of retinal level. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Col Res Appl, 26, S174–S179, 2001
Different Phenomena for the Transformation of Multi -functionality of Domestic Spaces and Relevant Product Use Practices

The use practices of domestic space and products evolve and transform together with the social transformations in every culture. Considering the home cultures in Turkey, it is possible to observe the transformations about home material culture and use practices conducted with the objects inside the domestic space. In this context, different modes of practices about spaces and objects could be mentioned starting from the nomadic lifestyles and domestic settings, and to be continued with traditional Turkish houses of the Ottoman Empire, ‘Westernized’ domestic settings after the foundation of Turkish Republic until the contemporary home cultures.