Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reinforcement Learning-Based Counter Fixed-Wing Drone System Using GNSS Deception

As drone intrusions into important facilities have increased, research on drone countermeasures has been conducted to counter drones. In this study, we developed a reinforcement learning (RL)-based counter fixed-wing drone system that can respond to fixed-wing drones in autonomous flight with soft kills. The system redirects fixed-wing drones to a designated target position using the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) deception based on the drone’s position and speed measured by RADAR. In this study, to construct an environment for training an RL agent, simplified drone modeling was performed for two types of fixed wing drones, and the RADAR error measured through flight tests was modeled. Subsequently, the Markov decision process (MDP) was defined to enable redirection without prior information regarding fixed-wing drones. After applying the RL agent trained in the defined MDP and environment to the counter fixed-wing drone system, the simulation and flight test results confirmed that redirection was possible for both types of fixed-wing drones.
Disulfidptosis status influences prognosis and therapeutic response in clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Disulfidptosis is a recently identified type of programmed cell death. It is characterized by aberrant accumulation of intracellular disulfides. The clinical implications of disulfidptosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remain unclear. A series of bioinformatics approaches were employed to analyze ten disulfidptosis-related molecules. Firstly, the expression patterns of the disulfidptosis-related molecules were different between normal and ccRCC tissues. A comprehensive cohort of patients with ccRCC was then assembled from three public databases and subjected to cluster analysis based on disulfidptosis-related molecules. Consensus cluster analysis revealed three distinct disulfidptosis clusters. We then conducted weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify highly correlated genes. 267 hub genes were screened out through WGCNA, and three gene clusters were then determined. Finally, we identified 87 genes with prognostic value and then used them to develop a disulfidptosis scoring (DSscore) system, which was proven to independently predict survival in ccRCC. Patients in the high-DSscore group exhibited a significant survival advantage and better immunotherapeutic responses compared with those in the low-DSscore group. However, the patients in the low-DSscore group exhibited a greater degree of chemotherapeutic response. In addition, the expression of disulfidptosis-related molecules was validated by qRT-PCR, and the potential of disulfidptosis-related molecules to indicate distinct cell subtypes were validated by single-cell RNA-sequencing. In conclusion, DSscore is a promising index for predicting the prognosis and efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with ccRCC and may provide a basis for novel strategies for future studies.
Vaccinia Virus Defective Particles Lacking the F17 Protein Do Not Inhibit Protein Synthesis: F17, a Double-Edged Sword for Protein Synthesis?

Vaccinia virus (Orthopoxvirus) F17 protein is a major virion structural phosphoprotein having a molecular weight of 11 kDa. Recently, it was shown that F17 synthesised in infected cells interacts with mTOR subunits to evade cell immunity and stimulate late viral protein synthesis. Several years back, we purified an 11 kDa protein that inhibited protein synthesis in reticulocyte lysate from virions, and that possesses all physico-chemical properties of F17 protein. To investigate this discrepancy, we used defective vaccinia virus particles devoid of the F17 protein (designated iF17− particles) to assess their ability to inhibit protein synthesis. To this aim, we purified iF17− particles from cells infected with a vaccinia virus mutant which expresses F17 only in the presence of IPTG. The SDS-PAGE protein profiles of iF17− particles or derived particles, obtained by solubilisation of the viral membrane, were similar to that of infectious iF17 particles. As expected, the profiles of full iF17− particles and those lacking the viral membrane were missing the 11 kDa F17 band. The iF17− particles did attach to cells and injected their viral DNA into the cytoplasm. Co-infection of the non-permissive BSC40 cells with a modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) virus, expressing an mCherry protein, and iF17− particles, induced a strong mCherry fluorescence. Altogether, these experiments confirmed that the iF17− particles can inject their content into cells. We measured the rate of protein synthesis as a function of the multiplicity of infection (MOI), in the presence of puromycin as a label. We showed that iF17− particles did not inhibit protein synthesis at high MOI, by contrast to the infectious iF17 mutant. Furthermore, the measured efficiency to inhibit protein synthesis by the iF17 mutant virus generated in the presence of IPTG, was threefold to eightfold lower than that of the wild-type WR virus. The iF17 mutant contained about threefold less F17 protein than wild-type WR. Altogether these results strongly suggest that virion-associated F17 protein is essential to mediate a stoichiometric inhibition of protein synthesis, in contrast to the late synthesised F17. It is possible that this discrepancy is due to different phosphorylation states of the free and virion-associated F17 protein.
Germinal-Center B-Cell-Like (GCB) DLBCL Versus Activated B-Cell-Like (ABC) DLBCL: Biology and Treatment Approach

in ABC DLBCL cases (5). Phosphatase and tension homologue (PTEN) is found to be deregulated. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling cascade is initiated with the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 4, 5 bisphosphate (PIP2) to phosphatidylinositol 3, 4, 5 trisphosphate (PIP3) leading to cell growth and survival (8).
Factors affecting the relationship between the frequency of a flood and its causative rainfall

The paper describes the use of a rainfall-runoff model for investigation of the relationship between the frequency of a flood and that of its causative rainfall. Previous investigation had shown that the annual maximum floods of a given return period were generally caused by storms of lesser return period than implied by the UK Flood Studies Report (FSR) design procedures. Further investigations were carried out to examine the effect of scale, soil type and climate change upon this relationship. It was found that the form of the relationship was applicable across a wide range of scales, and soil types. However, the relationship was characterized by considerable scatter for permeable catchments due to the influence of alternative modes of flood generation. The design event approach to flood estimation is not considered to be appropriate in such catchments. The relationship was little altered under elementary climate change scenarios.
Elevating Big Data Privacy: Innovative Strategies and Challenges in Data Abundance

The exponential growth of big data has ushered in transformative possibilities across various sectors, but it has also raised formidable privacy concerns. This article delves into the pressing need for enhancing big data privacy and explores innovative approaches to address this critical issue. In recent years, big data has been characterized by its immense volume, high velocity, and diverse data sources. These attributes have enabled organizations to gain unprecedented insights but have also exposed sensitive information to potential breaches. As such, ensuring the privacy of individuals and sensitive data within big data sets has emerged as a paramount concern. This article first elucidates the multifaceted nature of big data privacy, emphasizing its encompassment of privacy, confidentiality, integrity, and availability. It also acknowledges the challenges posed by existing privacy-preserving techniques, which often fall short of providing comprehensive protection for large and diverse data sets. The core focus of this article lies in presenting novel strategies and technologies designed to improve big data privacy. This article presents an innovative framework that combines advanced encryption methods, including fine-grained encryption techniques and differential privacy mechanisms specifically designed for the distinct traits of big data, like noisy techniques. To achieve this, the dataset undergoes categorization into key attributes, sensitive attributes, quasi attributes, and insensitive attributes. Subsequently, the fine-grained technique encrypts key and sensitive attributes, while the differential privacy mechanism encrypts the quasi attributes. To further substantiate the effectiveness of the proposed technique, this article references to empirical findings that demonstrate tangible improvements in big data privacy protection.
A computer-aided system improves the performance of endoscopists in detecting colorectal polyps: a multi-center, randomized controlled trial

Background Up to 45.9% of polyps are missed during colonoscopy, which is the major cause of post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer (CRC). Computer-aided detection (CADe) techniques based on deep learning might improve endoscopists’ performance in detecting polyps. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the CADe system in assisting endoscopists in a real-world clinical setting. Methods The CADe system was trained to detect colorectal polyps, recognize the ileocecal region, and monitor the speed of withdrawal during colonoscopy in real-time. Between 17 January 2021 and 16 July 2021. We recruited consecutive patients aged 18–75 years from three centers in China. We randomized patients in 1:1 groups to either colonoscopy with the CADe system or unassisted (control). The primary outcomes were the sensitivity and specificity of the endoscopists. We used subgroup analysis to examine the polyp detection rate (PDR) and the miss detection rate of endoscopists. Results A total of 1293 patients were included. The sensitivity of the endoscopists in the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (84.97 vs. 72.07%, p < 0.001), and the specificity of the endoscopists in these two groups was comparable (100.00 vs. 100.00%). In a subgroup analysis, the CADe system improved the PDR of the 6–9 mm polyps (18.04 vs. 13.85%, p < 0.05) and reduced the miss detection rate, especially at 10:00–12:00 am (12.5 vs. 39.81%, p < 0.001). Conclusion The CADe system can potentially improve the sensitivity of endoscopists in detecting polyps, reduce the missed detection of polyps in colonoscopy, and reduce the risk of CRC. Registration This clinical trial was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Trial Registration Number: ChiCTR2100041988). Clinical trial registration website www.chictr. org.cn, identifier ChiCTR2100041988.
Prevalence of multidrug-resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli from local and broiler chickens at Cibinong market, West Java, Indonesia

Background and Aim: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is becoming a public health concern. Foodborne pathogens are infectious agents that can be transmitted from animals to humans through food and can become resistant due to misuse and overuse of antibiotics, especially in poultry. This study aimed to detect the prevalence of multidrug-resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli isolated from local and broiler chickens at the Cibinong market, West Java, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 cloacal swab samples from 30 local and broiler chickens sold at the Cibinong market in West Java were obtained by random sampling. From these samples, 39 E. coli isolates were obtained after being cultured on eosin methylene blue agar and molecularly identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Six antibiotic disks were used for the antibiotic sensitivity test against E. coli isolates cultured on Mueller-Hinton agar. PCR was performed to detect ESBL genes (blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M). Results: A total of 76.47% (39/51) cloacal swab samples were positive for E. coli. All E. coli isolates were sensitive to imipenem (100%), and 38 isolates were sensitive to cefoxitin (FOX) (97.4%). On average, the isolates were sensitive to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (AMC) (69.2%) and ceftriaxone (CRO) (89.7%). E. coli isolates were occasionally resistant to enrofloxacin (25.64%), followed by gentamicin (20.51%), CRO (10.25%), AMC (7.69%), and FOX (2.56%). The prevalence of E. coli AMR was 10.25% (4/39). All four multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates (blaTEM and blaCTX-M) were confirmed to have the ESBL gene based on PCR. Conclusion: The prevalence of multidrug-resistant and ESBL-producing E. coli is still found, proving that there is still inappropriate use of antibiotics and a need for strict supervision of their use, especially around Cibinong market, West Java.
Subducted oceanic relief locks the shallow megathrust in central Ecuador

Whether subducted oceanic reliefs such as seamounts promote seismic rupture or aseismic slip remains controversial. Here we use swath bathymetry, prestack depth‐migrated multichannel seismic reflection lines, and wide‐angle seismic data collected across the central Ecuador subduction segment to reveal a broad ~55 km × 50 km, ~1.5–2.0 km high, low height‐to‐width ratio, multipeaked, sediment‐bare, shallow subducted oceanic relief. Owing to La Plata Island and the coastline being located, respectively, ~35 km and ~50–60 km from the trench, GPS measurements allow us to demonstrate that the subducted oceanic relief spatially correlates to a shallow, ~80 km × 55 km locked interplate asperity within a dominantly creeping subduction segment. The oceanic relief geometrical anomaly together with its highly jagged topography, the absence of a subduction channel, and a stiff erosive oceanic margin are found to be long‐term geological characteristics associated with the shallow locking of the megathrust. Although the size and level of locking observed at the subducted relief scale could produce an Mw >7+ event, no large earthquakes are known to have happened for several centuries. On the contrary, frequent slow slip events have been recorded since 2010 within the locked patch, and regular seismic swarms have occurred in this area during the last 40 years. These transient processes, together with the rough subducted oceanic topography, suggest that interplate friction might actually be heterogeneous within the locked patch. Additionally, we find that the subducted relief undergoes internal shearing and produces a permanent flexural bulge of the margin, which uplifted La Plata Island.
Effect of TiO2 on the Microstructure and Flexural Strength of Lunar Regolith Simulant

Lunar regolith is the preferred material for lunar base construction using in situ resource utilization technology. The TiO2 variations in lunar regolith collected from different locations significantly impact its suitability as a construction material. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the effects of TiO2 on the properties of lunar regolith. This study aims to evaluate the influence of TiO2 content and sintering temperature on phase transformation, microstructure, and macroscopic properties (e.g., the shrinkage rate, mechanical properties, and relative density) of lunar regolith simulant samples (CUG-1A). The flexural strength and relative density of the sample with a TiO2 content of 6 wt% sintered at 1100 °C reached 136.66 ± 4.92 MPa and 91.06%, which were 65% and 12.28% higher than those of the sample not doped with TiO2, respectively. The experiment demonstrated that the doped TiO2 not only reacted with Fe to form pseudobrookite (Fe2TiO5) but also effectively reduced the viscosity of the glass phase during heat treatment. As the sintering temperature increased, the particles underwent a gradual melting process, leading to a higher proportion of the liquid phase. The higher liquid-phase content had a positive impact on the diffusion of mass transfer, causing the voids and gaps between particles to shrink. This shrinkage resulted in greater density and, ultimately, improved the mechanical properties of the material.
Integrated STEM Education in Indonesia: What Do Science Teachers Know and Implement?

Integrated science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) education has been a popular topic worldwide for the last few years. However, only a few studies have examined this topic in Indonesia. This literature review is to fill the gap by focusing on science teachers’ perspectives on the STEM education approach at the secondary school level, including what they know and what they implement in science classrooms. For this purpose, 48 research articles published in national and international journals and judged to be pertinent to the current study, were reviewed. The results emerging from most of the existing research indicated that Indonesian science teachers in general were familiar with the integrated STEM teaching approach. However, more than half of them never tried implementing it in their classes. In addition, the studies revealed that project-based learning was the most frequently used method in STEM-based science classes. Teachers in science classes mainly employed integrated STEM education approach to promote 21st century skills such as creative and critical thinking, problem-solving, and literacy.
Estimation of the Pollution Critical Level on the Surface of Glass Insulators Based on Leakage Current

Electrical insulators are components used to promote electrical isolation and mechanical support for conductors in transmission lines belonging to the electric power systems (EPS). The performance of glass insulators is compromised mainly in the face of high pollution level, causing the amplitude of the leakage current to increase and the formation of superficial discharges. In this work, a methodology for estimating the surface pollution critical level of glass insulators using leakage current parameters and artificial intelligence algorithms is proposed. For this purpose, glass insulators were tested in the laboratory to simulate different levels of pollution, in order to record leakage current, voltage signals and environmental variables (e.g., humidity and temperature). The pollution level was simulated by depositing the pollution solution on the insulators, where each solution was differentiated based on the level of equivalent salt deposit density (ESDD). In the tests, the level of ESDD responsible for causing surface discharges was also recorded, as this phenomenon occurs at high levels of pollution. Pollution modeling was performed using forecasting algorithms such as multilayer perceptron (MLP) and support vectors regression (SVR). Based on the application of the best performance model and using criteria that indicate the occurrence of surface discharges, it was possible to estimate the critical level of pollution in the glass insulators string for 69 kV systems.
The role of topography and the north Indian monsoon on mean monthly climate interpolation within the Himalayan Kingdom of Bhutan

Spatial climate datasets currently available for Bhutan are limited by weather station data availability, spatial resolution or interpolation methodology. This article presents new datasets for monthly maximum temperature, minimum temperature, precipitation and vapour pressure climate normals interpolated for the 1986–2015 reference period using trivariate smoothing splines. The inclusion of standardized day time Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land surface temperature (LST) values as partial spline dependencies reduced cross validated root mean square error (RMSE) for maximum temperature by up to 16.0% and was most effective between March and September. Using both a topographic index of relative elevation and standardized night time MODIS LST values as partial spline dependencies reduced monthly mean minimum temperature RMSE by up to 23.4%. Neither variable was effective for minimum temperature interpolation between June and September. High humidity, extensive cloud cover and heavy precipitation occur during these months, which are likely to suppress the formation of temperature inversions that typically form under clear, calm conditions. These new temperature and precipitation surfaces show distinct differences from the WorldClim and CRU CL 2.0 datasets, which do not use weather stations within Bhutan for calibration. New precipitation surfaces better describe the heavy rainfall experienced in the southern foothills while retaining the effect of orography throughout the central valleys and ranges. The development of vapour pressure surfaces also allow for the calculation of ecologically important variables such as vapour pressure deficit, and may also be useful for solar radiation modelling in the region. The different datasets presented in this article will facilitate ecological and agricultural research in Bhutan and provide high quality surfaces needed for future climate change scenarios.
Ethnoarchaeological research on iron smelting in southwest Ethiopia

Cet article presente une etude ethnographique realisee a Uska Dencha, au sud-ouest de l'Ethiopie, sur la population du village. L'etude porte sur la technologie de la fonte du fer (preparation du minerai, du charbon de bois, fabrication des tuyeres.) et ses aspects rituels.
Study on evaluation index system of Cunninghamia lanceolata scenic and recreational forests based on analytic network process

So far,there is no evaluation index system of Cunninghamia lanceolata scenic and recreational forests by analytic network process.Based on the data of scenic and recreational forests at home and abroad,by taking C.lanceolata forests as studying objects,an evaluation index system of Cunninghamia lanceolata scenic and recreational forests was set up by analytic network process.The results show that in the first grade indexes,the weighting of forest aesthetics index was the biggest,that of other indexes followed by: forest measurement,stand spatial structure,Characteristics of surface cover,forest’s health.In the second grade indexes,the weightings ordered by magnitude: slope,tree height,transparency distance,DBH,life form,canopy density,crown width,density of trees number,show degree of trunk,height of shrub,green quantity,proportion of coniferous trees and broadleaved trees,fallen dead wood,height of grass,coverage,distribution of grass and shrub,stem form,color diversity,forest tree distribution,litter distribution,mean height under first alive branch.This study provides basis data for city forest planning,management and further research.