Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Advanced practice nurses' experiences and well-being: Baseline demographics from a cohort study.

AIMS To create a cohort of advanced practice nurses from across the UK and to report the initial questionnaire including demographics, work experiences and well-being. BACKGROUND In the UK, advanced nursing practice is not regulated. This has led to the concern that advanced nurses are working in very different ways with different levels of autonomy and support. METHODS Participants were recruited via university and Royal College of Nursing mailing lists, and social media adverts. They completed the initial questionnaire about their background and workplace, work experiences, credentialing and well-being. RESULTS A total of 143 nurses were recruited to the cohort and 86 completed the survey. Over 40 job titles were reported, across five pay bands. Job title was not correlated with pay band (p = .988). Participant well-being was not significantly different from the UK general population, but they reported high rates of work-related stress (44.2%) compared with the National Health Service national average (37.9%). CONCLUSION There is a wide disparity in pay, which is not reflected in title or setting. The high levels of work-related stress require further exploration. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT The range of experiences reported here should encourage managers to evaluate whether title, pay and support mechanisms for Advanced Practice Nurses in their organisations align with suggested national standards set by Royal Colleges and government departments.
The Impact of Tobacco Smoking on Adult Asthma Outcomes

Background: Tobacco smoking is associated with more severe asthma symptoms, an accelerated decline in lung function, and reduced responses to corticosteroids. Our objective was to compare asthma outcomes in terms of disease control, exacerbation rates, and lung function in a population of asthmatic patients according to their smoking status. Methods: We compared patients’ demographics, disease characteristics, and lung-function parameters in current-smokers (CS, n = 48), former-smokers (FS, n = 38), and never-smokers (NS, n = 90), and identified predictive factors for asthma control. Results: CS had a higher prevalence of family asthma/atopy, a lower rate of controlled asthma, impaired perception of dyspnea, an increased number of exacerbations, and poorer lung function compared to NS. The mean asthma control questionnaire’s (ACQ) score was higher in CS vs. NS and FS (1.9 vs. 1.2, p = 0.02). Compared to CS, FS had a lower rate of exacerbations, a better ACQ score (similar to NS), a higher prevalence of dyspnea, and greater lung-diffusion capacity. Non-smoking status, the absence of dyspnea and exacerbations, and a forced expiratory volume in one second ≥80% of predicted were associated with controlled asthma. Conclusions: CS with asthma exhibit worse clinical and functional respiratory outcomes compared to NS and FS, supporting the importance of smoking cessation in this population.
Contrastive Augmented Graph2Graph Memory Interaction for Few Shot Continual Learning

Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learning (FSCIL) has gained considerable attention in recent years for its pivotal role in addressing continuously arriving classes. However, it encounters additional challenges. The scarcity of samples in new sessions intensifies overfitting, causing incompatibility between the output features of new and old classes, thereby escalating catastrophic forgetting. A prevalent strategy involves mitigating catastrophic forgetting through the Explicit Memory (EM), which comprise of class prototypes. However, current EM-based methods retrieves memory globally by performing Vector-to-Vector (V2V) interaction between features corresponding to the input and prototypes stored in EM, neglecting the geometric structure of local features. This hinders the accurate modeling of their positional relationships. To incorporate information of local geometric structure, we extend the V2V interaction to Graph-to-Graph (G2G) interaction. For enhancing local structures for better G2G alignment and the prevention of local feature collapse, we propose the Local Graph Preservation (LGP) mechanism. Additionally, to address sample scarcity in classes from new sessions, the Contrast-Augmented G2G (CAG2G) is introduced to promote the aggregation of same class features thus helps few-shot learning. Extensive comparisons on CIFAR100, CUB200, and the challenging ImageNet-R dataset demonstrate the superiority of our method over existing methods.
Analytical and computational models for the effective properties of disordered microcracked porous materials

Die effektiven Materialeigenschaften von mikrogerissenen porosen Materialien wie zementgebundene Materialien, Gestein und Keramik hangen stark von der Komplexitat der Mikrostruktur ab. In dieser Dissertation, analytischen und semi-analytischen Mikromechanik Modelle sind entwickelt und in Zusammenhang mit Direkt Numerischer Simulationen, die effektiven Elastizitatseigenschaften, die effektive Diffusivitat und die effektive Permeabilitat von intakten und mikrogerissenen porosen Materialien wird untersucht. Die analytischen Modelle konnen leicht in bestehende Multiphysik-Simulationsplattformen integriert werden mit Anwendung in der Prognose der Dauerhaftigkeit von Betonstrukturen, Charakterisierung von geothermischen Reservoirs fur das "\(\textit {Hydraulic Fracturing}\)" und die Energiegewinnung sowie das Design und Entwicklung von neuartiges porosen Verbundwerkstoffen.
The composition of milk of British Alpine and Anglo–Nubian goats imported into Trinidad

Summary The variations in the composition of milk over an 18-week period from lactating British Alpine and Anglo–Nubian goats imported into Trinidad are reported. The animals were fed Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) ad lib. and 2 lb of a proprietary concentrate mixture daily. The mean percentage contents of the milks of British Alpine and Anglo–Nubian goats were: total solids 11·49±0·22, 12·17±0·28; butterfat 3·42±0·18, 4·06±0·22; total N 0·462±0·04, 0·530±0·07; ash 0·78±0·02, 0·79±0·03 and ‘lactose’ 4·38±0·28, 4·05±0·55. Anglo–Nubian goats had a higher content of percentage total solids, fat, total N and ash. For all constituents the coefficient of variation between weeks was higher for Anglo–Nubian goats. No significant trends were found between weeks for each of the components analysed for both breeds. Statistically significant correlations (P < 0·01) were found between percentage fat and percentage total N for both breeds. The mean mineral contents (mg/100ml) for the milks of British Alpine and Anglo–Nubian goats were: Na 52·6±4·6, 55·5±1·9; K164·0±8·4, 133·4±11·4; Ca 85·5±11·6, 89·9±9·8; Mg 13·2±3·8, 10·2±1·6 and P 74·7±3·9, 82·1±3·9. British Alpine goat's milk had a higher content of K and that of Anglo–Nubian goats had a higher content of P; both differences were statistically significant (P < 0·01). The milk composition figures in this study together with those from a similar study in Guadeloupe suggest that the values are low and considerably lower in comparison with the same breeds of goats in a temperate environment. This could be a feature of dairy goats imported into the tropics due perhaps to inadequate nutrition. Much more information is needed to verify this possibility.
Inclusion in Urban Educational Environments: Addressing Issues of Diversity, Equity, and Social Justice

Acknowledgments Introduction PART I: INTERSECTING EXCLUSIONS WITHIN SCHOOL CULTURE Exclusion in Urban Schools and Communities, Jim Ryan Understanding School Culture: In/Exclusion Within Year-book Discourses, Rene Antrop-Gonzalez, Dehra Freedman, Jennifer L. Snow-Gerono, Anne L. Slonake, Pey-chewn DuoPey-chewn Duo, and Hsiu-Ping Huang PART II: SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND ABILITY Reflecting on Mary H. Wright Elementary: Ideologies of High Expectations in a "Re-Segregated" School", Susan L. Schramm-Pate, Rhonda B. Jeffries, and Leigh Kale D'Amico Seeing the Glass as Half Full: Meeting the Needs of Underprivileged Students Through School-Community Partnerships, Catherine Hands Flipping the Special Education Coin: The Heads and Tails of Administering Schools for Students with Different Needs, Lindy Zaretsky PART III: GENDER AND SEXUAL IDENTITY Gender: A H.O. T. (Higher Order Thinking) Link in Educating Urban Students, Amy Barnhill LGBTQ Students in Urban Schools: Sexuality, Gender, and School Identities, Dominique Johnson My Favorite Martian: The Cry for Visibility of Sexual Minorities in Urban Schools, Kevin Alderson Urban Girls Empowering Themselves through Education: The Issue of Voice, Gunilla Holm and Bill Cobern PART IV: RACE AND ETHNICITY Black Boys Through the School-Prison Pipeline: When "Racial Profiling" and "Zero Tolerance", Collide R. Patrick Solomon and Howard Palmer White Fragility: I'm Leaving, Robin DiAngelo Anne Frank Teaches Teachers About the Holocaust, Leslie Shore Addressing Multicultural and Antiracist Theory and Practice With Canadian Teacher Activists, Darren Lund PART V: TOWARD INCLUSION IN SCHOOLS AND COMMUNITIES Support That Matters: A Case Study in Raising the Achievement of Economically Vulnerable Youth, Norman Rowen and Kevin Gosine Framing Equitable Praxis: Systematic Approaches to Building Socially Just and Inclusionary Educational Communities, Brenda J. McMahon and Denise E. Armstrong About the Authors.
Negative symptoms in the remission phase of bipolar disorder.

Objectives: Though negative symptoms (NS) are major contributors to sociooccupational dysfunction in schizophrenia, NS in remitted bipolar disorder (BPD) are little studied. We evaluated the prevalence and correlates of NS and their contribution to sociooccupational dysfunction in remitted BPD. Methods: Ninety remitted BPD patients, receiving only mood stabilizers, were evaluated with the Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale. Forty-five normal controls matched for age, sex and total years of education were assessed with SANS. Results: NS were present in 26.67% of the patients. The patients had more severe affective flattening, alogia, anhedonia-asociality and avolition-apathy. Primary NS were associated with history of obstetric complications, family history of schizophrenia, earlier age of illness onset, history of mood incongruent psychotic features (MIPF), poor premorbid and current sociooccupational functioning and a greater decline in functioning after illness onset. Factor analysis revealed three factors which explained 62.08% of the variance secondary negative and subaffective symptoms, primary NS, and anxiety symptoms. Conclusions: As NS are prevalent in remitted BPD and contribute to the patients’ sociooccupational dysfunction, they require prompt detection and management (German J Psychiatry 2007;10: 1-7).
From bad to good: An investigation of question quality and transformation

Social question answering (SQA) services are a popular way for people to exchange information. Unfortunately, the quality of information exchanged can be variable and few studies focus on the quality of questions asked. To address this, we explored the influence of textual features on question quality based on 126 questions taken from five different categories of Yahoo! Answers labeled as "Bad" by human assessors and then revised to be "Good" by them. Findings indicate significant differences between the means of each feature before and after revision, suggesting the potential for an automated system that could flag questions of poor quality. In addition, by exploring the relationship between features contributing to good quality questions, we suggest a simple set of strategies askers can take when writing a question in order to improve its chances of receiving a satisfactory answer.
A fully resolved backbone phylogeny reveals numerous dispersals and explosive diversifications throughout the history of Asteraceae

Significance Flowering plant species represent at least 95% of all vascular plants on Earth, and members of the sunflower family comprise roughly 10% of this diversity. The family is often considered taxonomically difficult primarily because it is enormous in size and cosmopolitan in distribution. Using phylogenomics, we were able to fully resolve the backbone of the sunflower family tree. We provide evidence for a late Cretaceous origin followed by explosive diversifications and dispersals during the middle Eocene—ultimately resulting in the family’s 25,000+ extant species. Our results provide a framework to interpret the spatiotemporal patterns of migration out of South America and the family’s explosive diversifications out of Africa that led to its global evolutionary and ecological success. The sunflower family, Asteraceae, comprises 10% of all flowering plant species and displays an incredible diversity of form. Asteraceae are clearly monophyletic, yet resolving phylogenetic relationships within the family has proven difficult, hindering our ability to understand its origin and diversification. Recent molecular clock dating has suggested a Cretaceous origin, but the lack of deep sampling of many genes and representative taxa from across the family has impeded the resolution of migration routes and diversifications that led to its global distribution and tremendous diversity. Here we use genomic data from 256 terminals to estimate evolutionary relationships, timing of diversification(s), and biogeographic patterns. Our study places the origin of Asteraceae at ∼83 MYA in the late Cretaceous and reveals that the family underwent a series of explosive radiations during the Eocene which were accompanied by accelerations in diversification rates. The lineages that gave rise to nearly 95% of extant species originated and began diversifying during the middle Eocene, coincident with the ensuing marked cooling during this period. Phylogenetic and biogeographic analyses support a South American origin of the family with subsequent dispersals into North America and then to Asia and Africa, later followed by multiple worldwide dispersals in many directions. The rapid mid-Eocene diversification is aligned with the biogeographic range shift to Africa where many of the modern-day tribes appear to have originated. Our robust phylogeny provides a framework for future studies aimed at understanding the role of the macroevolutionary patterns and processes that generated the enormous species diversity of Asteraceae.
C haracteristics o f Sy nchro no us C ancers in G astric C ancer Patients

Purpose: The primary objective of the current study was to investigate the characteristics of synchronous cancers in gastric cancer patients. Materials and Methods: W e analyzed the 2,237 patients who were diagnosed between December 2000 and December 2003 with gastric cancer and synchronous cancers of organs other than the stomach. Results: 73 (3.3% ) of a total of 2,237 gastric cancer patients had synchronous primary cancers. Among these 73 patients, 71 had one synchronous cancer, and two patients had double synchronous cancers. Colorectal cancer (26 patients, 34.7% ) was the most frequently encountered synchronous cancer, followed by cancer of the lung (16 patients, 21.3%), esophagus (13 patients, 17.2% ), and liver (8 patients, 10.7% ). Synchronous cancers were detected with increased frequency in the elderly, in the patients with multiple gastric cancers, in the patients with differentiated gastric cancer, and in the patients with early gastric cancer, as determined on univariate analysis, but the differentiation of gastric cancers was the only risk factor for synchronous cancers on the multivariate analysis. Conclusions: The differentiation of gastric cancer cells may be a risk factor for synchronous cancers in gastric cancer patients. Careful surveillance by the physician for synchronous cancer is warranted for the patients suffering from gastric cancer. (Cancer Res Treat. 2006;38:25-29) 󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏 Key W ords: Synchronous cancer, Stomach neoplasms, C olorecta l neoplasms
Growth, mortality, and recruitment of larval Morone spp. in relation to food availability and temperature in the Hudson River

We measured age and growth of larval striped bass (Morone saxatilis) and white perch (M. ameri- cana) and tested whether growth and survival were enhanced in relation to a seasonal pulse ("bloom") of high zoo- plankton abundance. Growth rates were lowest before the zooplankton bloom and highest afterwards for both fish species. An index of recruitment po- tential (instantaneous growth rate, G, divided by instantaneous mortality rate, Z) did not relate clearly to either water temperature or to zooplankton abundance in the case of striped bass but did relate to both factors for white perch. Retrospective analysis of hatch dates in recruited juvenile striped bass from the same year class indicated that later, faster growing cohorts were un- der-represented when compared to the larval cohort distribution, and that co- horts that co-occurred with high densi- ties of the cladoceran zooplankton Bosmina freyi were over-represented. Comparison of these results with simi- lar analyses from other systems sug- gests that biotic controls on year-class strength may predominate in estuarine systems where physical factors are rela- tively damped (Hudson) but may play relatively minor roles in those systems with high physical variability. venile hatch dates should reflect the differential survival (assuming ad- equate sampling). These measures can also be used with repeated sam- plings of the population to track the growth and mortality of specific age classes (e.g. weekly cohorts) over time. Relationships between these cohort-based rates can be analyzed with respect to variables such as food availability, predation, and the physicochemical environment. We previously documented that larval striped bass (Morone saxa- tilis) and white perch (M. ameri- cana), which co-occurred with in- creases in crustacean zooplankton in the tidal Hudson River, showed a potential energetic advantage compared with larvae that preceded the zooplankton increase (Limburg et al., 1997). A major increase ("bloom") in zooplankton in early summer is a key feature of the Hudson estuary. Larvae occurring before the bloom are exposed to sparse zooplankton densities and low temperature, both of which are associated with mortality risks (Rogers and Westin, 1981; Chesney,
Chemistry and Biochemistry of Microbial α‐Glucosidase Inhibitors

α-Glucosidases are among the most important carbohydrate-splitting enzymes. They catalyze the hydrolysis of α-glucosidic linkages. Their substrates are—depending on their specificity—oligo- and polysaccharides. Microbial inhibitors of α-amylases and other mammalian intestinal carbohydrate-splitting enzymes studied during the last few years have aroused medical interest in the treatment of metabolic diseases such as diabetes. Moreover, they extend the spectrum of microbial secondary metabolites which comprises an enormous variety of structures. They also contribute considerably to a better understanding of the mechanism of action of α-glucosidases. These inhibitors belong to different classes of substances. Those studied most thoroughly are microbial α-glucosidase inhibitors which are members of a homologous series of pseudooligosaccharides of the general formula (4). They all have a core in common which is essential for their inhibitory action, a pseudodisaccharide residue consisting of an unsaturated cyclitol unit, and a 4-amino-4,6-dideoxy- glucose unit. The—in many respects—most interesting representative of this homologous series is acarbose (5), a pseudotetrasaccharide exhibiting a very pronounced inhibitory effect on intestinal α-glucosidases such as sucrase, maltase and glucoamylase. The present paper will review this new field of microbial α-glucosidase inhibitors which has been studied with particular intensity during the past ten years.
Exploring the antecedents of perceived diversity

Abstract We explore whether differences in perceptions of diversity might emanate from the characteristics of perceivers themselves rather than from the characteristics of those observed. Grounding our arguments in self- and social-identity theory, we hypothesize that individuals respond differently to the same diversity stimuli because they differ in their ‘propensity to stereotype’ and ‘diversity experience. ’ Since individuals tend to gravitate towards similar others, we also hypothesize that perceived diversity can predict an individual's ‘desire to group’ with others. Over 200 individuals – staff and students – from a university were exposed to diverse stimuli in an online experiment in a bid to test the hypotheses. Structural Equation Modeling of the data generally supported the hypothesized relationships.
Oxfordian brachiopods from the Saïda and Frenda mountains (Tlemcenian Domain, north-western Algeria)

Five brachiopod species are reported from two middle to upper Oxfordian (Late Jurassic) outcrops, situated in the Saida and Frenda mountains (Tlemcenian Domain, north-western Algeria) and belonging to the heterochronous (Callovian to Oxfordian, locally to the Kimmeridgian) Argiles de Saida Formation (Saida Clay Formation). The upper Oxfordian (probably Dichotomoceras bifurcatus Zone) outcrop A yielded Dictyothyris kurri and Loboidothyridoidea indet. The middle Oxfordian (Liosphinctes plicatilis Zone, Cardioceras vertebrale Subzone) outcrop B yielded Monticlarella rollieri , Karadagithyris boullierae sp. n. , and Zittelina sp. ; this is the first report of the last-mentioned genus from Africa. Karadagithyris boullierae sp. n. is a link between previously known Bajocian to Bathonian (Callovian? ) Karadagithyris s.s. and Tithonian to Lower Cretaceous species, formerly segregated as Svaljavithyris ; the latter is considered herein as synonym of Karadagithyris . It is characterised by a plano-uniplicate anterior commissure and a suberect beak. The adult loop of Zittelina is confirmed as bilacunar (kingeniform) and not diploform (campagiform). The bulk of the assemblages comprises small and either smooth or finely ornamented species and thus represents a low-energy environment. The lack of modern revisions of the reported species in their type areas is the reason why only Dictyothyris kurri may be used as an index species for the middle to late Oxfordian.