Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluating de Novo Assembly and Binning Strategies for Time Series Drinking Water Metagenomes

Drinking water contains phylogenetic diverse groups of bacteria, archaea, and eukarya that affect the esthetic quality of water, water infrastructure, and public health. Taxonomic, metabolic, and ecological inferences of the drinking water microbiome depend on the accuracy, quality, and completeness of genomes that are reconstructed through the application of genome-resolved metagenomics. ABSTRACT Reconstructing microbial genomes from metagenomic short-read data can be challenging due to the unknown and uneven complexity of microbial communities. This complexity encompasses highly diverse populations, which often includes strain variants. Reconstructing high-quality genomes is a crucial part of the metagenomic workflow, as subsequent ecological and metabolic inferences depend on their accuracy, quality, and completeness. In contrast to microbial communities in other ecosystems, there has been no systematic assessment of genome-centric metagenomic workflows for drinking water microbiomes. In this study, we assessed the performance of a combination of assembly and binning strategies for time series drinking water metagenomes that were collected over 6 months. The goal of this study was to identify the combination of assembly and binning approaches that result in high-quality and -quantity metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), representing most of the sequenced metagenome. Our findings suggest that the metaSPAdes coassembly strategies had the best performance, as they resulted in larger and less fragmented assemblies, with at least 85% of the sequence data mapping to contigs greater than 1 kbp. Furthermore, a combination of metaSPAdes coassembly strategies and MetaBAT2 produced the highest number of medium-quality MAGs while capturing at least 70% of the metagenomes based on read recruitment. Utilizing different assembly/binning approaches also assists in the reconstruction of unique MAGs from closely related species that would have otherwise collapsed into a single MAG using a single workflow. Overall, our study suggests that leveraging multiple binning approaches with different metaSPAdes coassembly strategies may be required to maximize the recovery of good-quality MAGs. IMPORTANCE Drinking water contains phylogenetic diverse groups of bacteria, archaea, and eukarya that affect the esthetic quality of water, water infrastructure, and public health. Taxonomic, metabolic, and ecological inferences of the drinking water microbiome depend on the accuracy, quality, and completeness of genomes that are reconstructed through the application of genome-resolved metagenomics. Using time series metagenomic data, we present reproducible genome-centric metagenomic workflows that result in high-quality and -quantity genomes, which more accurately signifies the sequenced drinking water microbiome. These genome-centric metagenomic workflows will allow for improved taxonomic and functional potential analysis that offers enhanced insights into the stability and dynamics of drinking water microbial communities.
The effect of warm-up on delayed onset muscle soreness.

Purpose: The aim of this experiment was to investigate if a warm-up period prior to eccentric exercise has a preventive effect on the increased sensitivity to pain, and the loss of force, associated with delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Methods: Twenty-four subjects were randomly assigned into a warm-up group (N=12) or a control group (N=12). The warm-up group completed 20 minutes of ergometer cycling, with an intensity of 60-70 % of estimated maximal heart rate, prior to eccentric exercise, while the control group did not perform warm-up prior to the eccentric exercise. DOMS was induced by completing 5 sets of 10 forward lunges (eccentric exercise). The outcome measures were: subjective evaluation of pain on a 100 mm. visual analogue scale (VAS), a pressure-pain threshold (PPT) on various locations of the m. rectus femoris, and isometric maximal voluntary contraction force (MVC), collected prior to exercise, 24-and 48 hours following exercise. Results: Both groups had significantly lower PPT in the distal region of the m. rectus femoris 24 hours following eccentric exercise. However, only the control group had a significant decrease in PPT in the proximal region of the m. rectus femoris. In addition, the warm-up group developed significantly less pain than the control group in the proximal region of the m. rectus femoris between baseline and 24 hours following exercise. Both groups had a significant decrease in MVC, and more pain (VAS) following exercise. Moreover, there were no significant differences between groups in MVC and VAS 24 and 48 hours following exercise. Conclusion: Our results suggest that warm-up prior to eccentric exercise might have a preventive effect on DOMS measured as the pressure pain threshold. The preventive effect seems to be most prominent in the proximal region of the muscle 24 hours following exercise. Key words: Warm-up, delayed onset muscle soreness, DOMS, eccentric exercise, pressure-pain threshold, PPT, visual analogue scale, VAS, maximal voluntary contraction force
The National Basketball League: A History, 1935-1949

The NBA has gained worldwide popularity with its high-flying stars and slam-dunking giants, but the early professional hoops game was played below the rim. This book provides the first history of the National Basketball League, which held court from the mid - 1930s until its merger with the Basketball Association of America in 1949. Originally formed in Akron and Indianapolis, the league operated mainly in the Midwest but extended as far east as Rochester and Syracuse and west to Denver, building major franchises with hometown loyalties. Most of its stars were college graduates, a major change from previous professional leagues, and it was the first modern major professional league to integrate. Features include photographs, maps of league franchises, and tables of team standings, MVPs, and scoring leaders.
Predicting customer level risk patterns in non-life insurance

Several models for predicting future customer profitability early into customer life-cycles in the property and casualty business are constructed and studied. The objective is to model risk at a customer level with input data available early into a private consumer’s lifespan. Two retained models, one using Generalized Linear Model another using a multilayer perceptron, a special form of Artificial Neural Network are evaluated using actual data. Numerical results show that differentiation on estimated future risk is most effective for customers with highest claim frequencies.
Indicators for ICT security incident management

Managing the different types and the nature of information security incidents has become a challenging task. However, the use of security incident indicators can improve the capabilities of the incident management process. Indicators are not only needed to assess and monitor the quality of incident management capabilities by quantifying overall processes, but also to provide an early warning and notification of incident occurrences. Though some research work has been initiated for development of measurements and indicators in information security incident management, use of those have been relatively sparse. Also, varied profiles of organizations, changing nature of threats and frequent update and advancement in technology have made it difficult to establish a set of common measurements and indicators. However, there exists significant amount of research, development and implementation of indicators in the safety field. It would be of significant interest to investigate whether safety performance indicators could be adapted to the field of security incident management. In this thesis, a literature study has been performed in the field of safety performance indicators. This study provided us with some results, indicating that effective safety performance indicators could be adapted to the security incident management field. Effective indicators have been adapted to different phases of security incident management through a defined methodology. Those indicators are analysed in detail with their usage, scope, pros and cons in different phases of the incident management process. This thesis also includes a scenario describing the use and implementation of such indicators. It was found that safety indicators could be adapted to the plan, prepare and protect phase, the respond phase and the review phase of an incident management process, and they have been effective to measure the efficiency as well as the capabilities of corresponding phases. For the detection phase, however, it was found that the safety indicators could only be adapted with great difficulties.
MEMS Vibratory Gyroscopes: Structural Approaches to Improve Robustness (MEMS Reference Shelf)

MEMS Vibratory Gyroscopes provides a solid foundation in the theory and fundamental operational principles of micromachined vibratory rate gyroscopes, and introduces structural designs that provide inherent robustness against structural and environmental variations. In the first part, the dynamics of the vibratory gyroscope sensing element is developed, common micro-fabrication processes and methods commonly used in inertial sensor production are summarized, design of mechanical structures for both linear and torsional gyroscopes are presented, and electrical actuation and detection methods are discussed along with details on experimental characterization of MEMS gyroscopes. In the second part, design concepts that improve robustness of the micromachined sensing element are introduced, supported by constructive computational examples and experimental results illustrating the material.
The Self-defeating Organization: How Smart Companies Can Stop Outsmarting Themselves

Frustrated managers see themselves working hard, see smart people on their teams, yet see the same problems over and over. That's the sign of a Self-Defeating Organization. This book reveals how even intelligent, experienced groups can fall into low-performance loops, and shows how confronting fears embedded in a corporate culture will lead back to high performance.
Master handbook of acoustics

Ch 1. Fundamentals of Sound Ch 2. Sound Levels and the Decibel Ch 3. The Ear and the Perception of Sound Ch 4. Speech, Music, and Noise Ch 5. Reverberation Ch 6. Absorption of Sound Ch 7. Reflection of Sound Ch 8. Diffraction of Sound Ch 9. Refraction of Sound Ch 10. Diffusion of Sound Ch 11. The Schroeder Diffuser Ch 12. Modal Resonances in Enclosed Spaces Ch 13. Sound Reflections in Enclosed Spaces Ch 14. Adjustable Acoustics Ch. 14. Control of HVAC Noise Ch. 15. Control of Interfering Noise Ch. 16. Recording Studio Acoustics Ch. 17. Studio Control Room Acoustics Ch. 18. Audio/Video Tech Room and Voice-Over Ch. 19 Home Listening Room Acoustics Ch. 20 Concert Hall Acoustics Ch. 21 Acoustical Distortion Ch. 22 Room Acoustics Measurement Software Ch. 23. Room Optimizer Ch. 24. Desktop Auralization Ch. 25. Electro-Acoustic Software for Engineers
Aircraft noise source and contour estimation

Calculation procedures are presented for predicting the noise-time histories and noise contours (footprints) of five basic types of aircraft; turbojet, turofan, turboprop, V/STOL, and helicopter. The procedures have been computerized to facilitate prediction of the noise characteristics during takeoffs, flyovers, and/or landing operations.
Internal Marketing: Tools and Concepts for Customer Focused Management

Section I: Internal marketing theory - What is internal marketing? Models of internal marketing: how internal marketing works The tools of internal marketing Internal marketing and human resource management A framework for empowering employees Section II: Internal marketing applications - Total quality management (TQM) and internal marketing Innovation and internal marketing Knowledge management, learning and internal marketing Section III: Internal marketing case studies: Atlantic Richfield Company Aydlotte & Cartwright inc. Barclay card services (BCS) Barnardos Boatman Trust Company CSX Eastman Chemical Company First Union GTE Supply Lutheran Brotherhood Midland Bank Nations Bank Norwich Union Provena St Luke's Hospital Terminix International Thomas Cook Thomas and Mack Centre (TMC).
Footwear Impression Evidence: Detection, Recovery and Examination

AWARENESS, DETECTION AND TREATMENT OF FOOTWEAR IMPRESSION EVIDENCE General Information Regarding Footwear Impression Evidence Formation of Footwear Impression Finding Footwear Impressions at the Scene of the Crime General Treatment of Impressions PHOTOGRAPHY OF FOOTWEAR IMPRESSIONS General Crime Scene Photography Examination Quality Photography Checklist for Examination Quality Photography CASTING THREE-DIMENSIONAL FOOTWEAR IMPRESSIONS Introduction to Casting Casting Materials Methods of Casting with Dental Stone After the Cast is Poured Casting Footwear Impressions in Snow The Importance of Casting All Three-Dimensional Impressions TREATMENT OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL FOOTWEAR IMPRESSIONS Lifting Two-Dimensional Footwear Impressions Lifting Impressions Electrostatically Gelatin and Adhesive Lifting Other Lifting Materials and Choices Impressions That are Difficult to Lift Powdering Impressions Selection of Proper Lifting Materials Deformable Impressions THE ENHANCEMENT OF FOOTWEAR IMPRESSIONS Specialized Lighting and Forensic Photographic Methods Physical Methods Chemical Enhancement Chemical Methods for Enhancement of Residue Impressions Chemical Methods for Enhancement of Footwear Impressions in Blood Sequencing of Enhancement Techniques Three-Dimensional Impression Enhancement Use of Computers FOOTWEAR SIZING Shoe Sizing and Shoe Sizing Systems Forensic Considerations MANUFACTURING PROCESSES OF SYNTHETIC SOLED SHOES The Footwear Industry The Molding Process Molding Processes The Cut Processes Recognition of Manufacturing Methods Some Reasons for Shoes of One Size and Design Varying KNOWN SHOES OF SUSPECTS AND THE PREPARATION OF KNOWN IMPRESSIONS Obtaining the Known Shoes From the Suspect Footwear Databases Test Impressions of Known Shoes Summary WEAR CHARACTERISTICS Defining Wear Characteristics Factors Influencing the Wear of Shoe Outsoles Considerations of Wear Characteristics During Examination CLASS AND IDENTIFYING CHARACTERISTICS Class Characteristics Identifying Characteristics Characteristics Required for Positive Identification Changes in Identifying Characteristics as Shoe Wear Continues COMPARISON OF THE QUESTIONED IMPRESSION WITH KNOWN SHOES Treatment of the Evidence Variation and Distortion Examination of the Questioned Impression Results THE FOOTWEAR IMPRESSION EXAMINER IN COURT What Constitutes an Expert Witness? What Qualifies a Footwear Impression Examiner as an Expert? PreTrial Conferences Presentation of Examination Results in Court Last Minute Examinations IMPRESSIONS OF THE FOOT Introduction Individuality of the Feet Known Standards of the Feet The Examination Process Case Examples SOME CASE APPLICATIONS St. Croix Homicide Case The New York Gap Homicide Denver Multiple Homicide Case The Naperville Case A New York Serial Robbery/Homicide Case A South Carolina Homicide THE FOOTWEAR IMPRESSION EVIDENCE IN THE O. J. SIMPSON TRIAL References Glossary Appendix Index
Mechanism of antrocytic connexin-43 autophagy degradation in oxygen-glucose deprivation and its effect on neuroinflammation

Background : Connexin 43 (Cx43) are the most widely distributed gap junction proteins in the nervous system. Cx43 enables cell-to-cell communication and plays an important role in ion transport, substrate exchange and delivery of information , which have been implicated in cerebral ischemia injury. Our previous work revealed the relationships between Cx43 and glia-mediated neuroinflammation through the release of ATP in oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), which means degradation of Cx43 may improve neuroinflammatory damage during OGD injury . However, the roles of Cx43 degradation and neuroinflammation caused by OGD remain unclear. Methods: We used primary cultured astrocytes treated with OGD as an in vitro model of cerebral ischemia injury and we used middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model as an in vivo model of cerebral ischemia. HeLa cells were used in overexpression experiments. Cx43 protein levels were determined by western blotting. The interaction between Cx43 and related autophagy receptors was determined by co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence. The gene knockdown (KD) of ATG5, OPTN, NDP52, PINK1 and Cx43 was applied by siRNA transfection. Related cytokines were detected by cytometric bead assay. Results: We found that Cx43 protein levels increased after ischemia in gene KD of ATG5, OPTN, NDP52 and PINK1 primary astrocytes. The interaction of Cx43 with OPTN, NDP52 and PINK1 was increased after cerebral ischemia injury in vitro and vivo. While the interaction was weakened after point mutation of Cx43 at Ser368, Tyr265 and Tyr247. Meanwhile, IL-10 upregulated during OGD after KD of ATG5, OPTN, NDP52 and PINK1 in astrocytes , while TNF downregulated during OGD after KD of ATG5, OPTN, NDP52 and PINK1 in astrocytes. Conclusions: Our results suggest that degradation of Cx43 is caused by selective autophagy during ischemia injury and the autophagy degradation of Cx43 plays important roles in neuroinflammation mediated by OGD injury. Treatment targeting Cx43 degradation pathway can improve neuroinflammation responses induced by OGD injury , which provide novel therapeutic strategies and crosstalk between autophagy and neuroinflammation.
Efficient Path and Subpath Storage Data Structures for Network Travel Analysis with Route Behavioral Elements

In several frameworks for travel modeling, travel prediction, route choice, traffic control, and optimization, path-related data structures become a key element that determine the efficacy or even the plausibility of analysis or modeling. Such frameworks have always been developed so as to avoid the well-known combinatorial explosion that results from sub-paths within paths, and the associated computational difficulties. This paper attempts to provide an alternative and explain a way to use certain concepts from string storage data structures to network path and sub-path storage which could potentially be applicable to travel networks of reasonable sizes. Though it alludes to other applications for the data structures, the paper does not enumerate all such possibilities, and focuses on describing it in the context of a specific application which is on predicting individual travel from trip diary databases, where correlation in observed behavior normally exists among sub-path variable level. The motivation for this research is a recent project called Persistent Traffic Cookie (PTC) system that collect individual trip diaries using wireless techniques, which are time stamped sequence data. The identified frequently-visited sub-sequences can also be used as sub-path components in a route choice model to make it more behaviorally sound. The proposed data structures are based on the suffix tree and the suffix array for efficiently storing and querying sequence data. A numerical example is used to illustrate the algorithms and some preliminary results are presented.
Development of crash prediction models using real time safety surrogate measures

Typical engineering research on traffic safety focuses on identifying either dangerous locations or contributing factors through a post-crash analysis using aggregated traffic flow data and crash records. A recent development of transportation engineering technologies provides ample opportunities to enhance freeway traffic safety using individual vehicular information. However, methodologies on how to utilize and link such technologies to traffic safety analysis have not been thoroughly explored. Moreover, traffic safety research has not benefited from the use of hurdle-type models that treat excessive zeros in crash modeling. This study developed a new crash risk predictor, safe headway distance, to estimate traffic crash likelihood by using individual vehicular information and applying it to basic sections of interstates in Virginia. Individual vehicular data and crash data were used in the development of statistical crash prediction models including hurdle models. The results showed that safe highway distance measure was effective in predicting traffic crash occurrence and the hurdle negative binomial model outperformed other count data models including zero-inflated models.
OPTIMIZING DEMOGRAPHIC DIVIDEND IN PERSPECTIVE OF RETURN ON EDUCATION IN EAST JAVA: TO SCHOOL, TO WORK, OR TO ENTREPRENEUR?

Human capital highly affects economics productivity. Thus, education plays an important factor in every demographic dividend. This study will estimate the return on education to paid-employment and self-employment in East Java using SAKERNAS 2012. Using Mincerian specification and Sohn model, this study analyzed the baseline model and to analyse further in self-employment. This study will also compare result in East Java with National and other Java province. Results from estimation found that return on education in East Java is generally higher than national, but lower than West Java. As for self-employment, return on education in East Java is lower than paid-employment, but in the lowest magnitude if compared with National and other Java region. Labor market flexibility that analyzed in this study also shows that East Java relatively more flexible. As a matter of opportunity cost, the low return rate of education in East Java demand some adjustment in education and labor market policy to optimize the economic outcome.
Household Expenditures And Direct Medical Costs Among Older Adults In Ghana: Evidence From WHO-SAGE Wave 2

Background: The Ghanaian population aged 60 years and older will almost double to reach 14% of the total population by 2050. Ascertaining the pattern of health expenditures among this growing population group is important to inform policy makers about the targets for financial risk protection as part of achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC) by 2030. This study aimed to estimate household expenditures among older adults and determine their direct medical costs.Methods: The World Health Organization's Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) Wave 2 was conducted in China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russian Federation, and South Africa between 2014 and 2015, as a follow-up to Wave 0 in 2003 to 2004 and Wave 1 in 2007 to 2010. Survey questions explored sources of income and total directhousehold expenditures in the year preceding the interview. SAGE Ghana was implemented using face-to-face interviews in a nationally representative sample of persons aged 50+ years with a comparison sample of younger adults aged 18–49 years. Findings: Analyses included a total of 4,735 participants, with 1,948 (43.8%) males and 2,787 (56.2%) females, with a mean age of 57.6 (±16.7). The average annual household expenditure was US$ 2,458 (±7,374). Older adults had higher expenditure levels at US$ 2,501 (±8,307), as compared to younger adults, US$ 2,309 (±3,056). Direct health-related and food costs accounted for 10% and 35% respectively of the total household expenditure. The prevalence of catastrophic health expenditure in households of older adults in Ghana was 7.5% (95% CI 6.0% - 9.3%). Conclusion: These updated estimates on household expenditure among older adults provide needed evidence to support the inclusion of social protection mechanisms in the national ageing agenda. The National Health Insurance reduced the burden of direct health expenditure for households with older adults.