Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application of pollution assessment models in soil contaminated by heavy metals in two steel rods markets, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

Soil samples were collected at a depth of 0-30cm within two steel markets and a control site in Port Harcourt, Rivers State Nigeria to assess the level of heavy metals (Fe, Pb, Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni and As) in the environment. Atomic Adsorption Spectrophotometer was used to analyze the samples for heavy metals. The concentrations of all the heavy metals in the steel rods markets exceeded that of the control. The results indicated that heavy metals concentrations in the sites were in the order; Mile III > Kala > RSU. The average levels of contamination of heavy metals recorded followed the order Fe > Cr > Cu > Pb > Ni > As > Cd in Mile III, Fe > Pb > Cu > Cr > Ni > As > Cd in Kala and Fe > Cu > Pb > Cr > Ni > As > Cd in RSU (control). Mean concentrations obtained for heavy metals within the months of investigation were; 1420.931±9.155, 7.753±0.184, 8.730±0.050, 2.843±0.124, 9.428±0.122, 7.433±0.047 and 3.732±0.047 mg/Kg for Fe, Pb, Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni and As respectively at the mile III station, while the mean concentrations of heavy metals observed at the Kala station were; 1161.173±1.823, 9.425±0.054, 7.596±0.027, 1.425±0.020, 6.507±0.006, 5.455±0.033 and 1.901±0.010 mg/Kg for Fe, Pb, Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni and As respectively. The mean values of heavy metals concentrations observed at the RSU station within the period were; 892.064±1.025,5.603±0.007, 5.841±0.051, 0.173±0.005, 3.389±0.009, 2.309±0.010 and 0.706±0.006 mg/Kg for Fe, Pb, Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni and As respectively. Pollution assessment models used for assessing the anthropogenic input on the quality of the soil in the area using the control site as the basis of judgment were: contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI), contamination degree (CD), modified contamination degree (mCD), potential ecological risk coefficient (Eir), potential ecological risk index (RI), Geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and anthropogenicity. These indices revealed that the steel markets were contaminated and polluted and poses ecological risks by heavy metals, even though the values obtained were still below the WHO acceptable limits. The steel rods markets need to be adequately monitored and regulated to avoid further soil contamination by heavy metals to a degree that will be dangerous to human health.
ACPAS: A DATASET OF ALIGNED CLASSICAL PIANO AUDIO AND SCORES FOR AUDIO-TO-SCORE TRANSCRIPTION

We create the ACPAS dataset with aligned audio and scores on classical piano music for automatic music audio-to-score transcription research. The dataset contains 497 distinct music scores aligned with 2189 audio performances, 179.8 hours in total. To our knowledge, it is currently the largest dataset for audio-to-score transcription research. We provide aligned performance audio, performance MIDI and MIDI scores, together with beat, key signature, and time signature annotations. The dataset is partly collected from a list of existing automatic music transcription (AMT) datasets, and partly synthesized. Both real recordings and synthetic recordings are included. We provide a train/validation/test split with no piece overlap and in line with splits in other AMT datasets.
A data-driven model predictive control approach toward feedback linearization of nonlinear mechanical systems

This paper presents a novel approach to linearize the input-output (IO) response of nonlinear mechanical systems by using model predictive control (MPC) with integral action and solving a one-step-ahead reference tracking problem. The discrete-time MPC controller, which builds on a nonlinear data-driven state-space model, controls a continuous-time plant. State estimation is performed by means of the unscented Kalman filter (UKF). The overall effectiveness of this MPC-based approach is validated in the time and frequency domains by conducting simulations on a mechanical system with output nonlinearities of polynomial type. The obtained results show that the proposed method is superior in terms of performance and robustness when compared to the classical feedback linearization techniques based on Lie algebra.
Uncertainty in Great Barrier Reef Catchment soil nutrient data-implications for land use management

The reduction of particulate nutrient loads (nitrogen and phosphorus) has been an important objective for managers of Great Barrier Reef Lagoon (GBRL) catchments. These loads are believed to be dominated by non-point sources, but end-of-catchment load measurements provide little insight into the distribution and relative magnitude of pollutant sources within the catchment. This has led to a reliance on computer modelling to identify probable pollutant sources and to devise and compare management strategies to deal with them. The most common modelling approach used in the GBRL region is to compute spatially-distributed budgets of nutrient sources and sinks. The largest source is usually hillslope erosion which is calculated using a form of the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) and then assigned nitrogen and phosophorus contents to the soil based on values held in the Australian Soil Resource Information System (ASRIS). To this is added subsoil erosion from river banks and gullies where subsoil has traditionally been assumed to have spatially uniform phosphorus and nitrogen contents. We assessed the uncertainty in the most recently updated ASRIS GBRL soil nutrient data and the implications of using these data for modelling and management of particulate nutrient loads at spatial scales ranging from individual farms to subcatchments with areas > 1000 sq. km. Bias in the assumed subsoil nutrient content suggests that particulate loads of subsoil phosphorus may be underestimated by 14% whereas subsoil nitrogen loads are likely to be overestimated by a factor of three. Variability (expressed as std dev/mean) of surface soil nutrient content at a single sampling site was 34% for nitrogen and 21% for phosphorus. When considering variability within the smallest resolved spatial units (unique mapping area, UMA) in ASRIS encompassing four or more sample sites the results were 38% and 48% for N and P, respectively. This level of intrinsic variability in the observed data in combination with the relatively large size of a UMA makes it very difficult to discriminate differences in nutrient fluxes at scales much less than 25 sq. km with confidence.
Mesures d'eficàcia publicitària i models teòrics de processament de la publicitat en formats off i online Validity of theoretical models and advertising effectivness mesures with interactive advertising forms

The effectiveness of advertising has been and continues to be studied by different authors using various measures and establishing different models. Studies and research has been collected and it has been observed which measures are most used for the study of advertising effectiveness in recent years and at present, the results are as follows; attitude toward the ad (AA), attitude toward the brand (AM), attitude toward the product (AP) and purchase intention (IC). Over time, different theoretical models have been created to study the processing of persuasive advertising as the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) and the Advertising Response Modeling (ARM) among others. This collection of studies shows how the most persuasive advertising models are not valid or functional for the study of the effectiveness of interactive advertising formats such as these ones: banners, SMS's, advergames or branded apps, with the exception of a theoretical model that has mark! ed a key turning point in the study area discussed.
A* ALGORITHM FOR ENHANCING THE SHORTEST PATH PROBLEM DURING REAL TIME IMFORMATION: A REVIEW

: To find the shortest distance always suffers struggle and more complexity rather than simple and easy path. Here we are finding the position & shortest path to an object from image taken from camera or any visual sensing device by making use of fuzzy logic & Artificial Intelligence. First we take image of the desired area then take out the desired place where we want to reach as quick and by proper way. By Artificial Intelligence we can find the best way out of all possible good ways to reach. Shortest path not always depends upon the shortest path it may lead the rush, large number of traffic signals, worst condition of road which may cause for delay. So we take all into account to make our modify model for shortest path. Here our model provides the user with more than one way/path to go to the destination. Position tracking system is to find the shortest path by means to save time. Earlier model give the shortest path on the basis of shortest distance, it does not include the time factor where our model include the factors that affect the time to reach the destination earlier than the previous shortest path. Here, we are making use of AI & Fuzzy-Logic to track the position to the object & then finding the shortest path from source to destination. Shortest path is the best path to reach from source to destination & it will make use of AI that helps in decision making power. Proposed algorithm including every factors that we face in our daily life. It give user more ways to choose and provide shortest path in term of very less time as compare to previous model.
MODELLING AND SIMULATION OF LOW FREQUENCY PULSE WIDTH MODULATION FOR CASCADED H-BRIDGE MULTILEVEL INVERTER USING SINGLE DC- SOURCE AND ISOLATION TRANSFORMER

Cascaded H-Bridge multilevel inverter is a promising topology for generation of high power output. This can be done by cascading number of H-bridge modules. Though it has wide application area and merits, it has greater disadvantage that it use separate DC supply. CMI with single phase transformer and single DC source is proposed for ensure high quality output power waveform. Numerical methods like N-R method is presented where switching angles are computed such that a certain lower order harmonics are eliminated. The proposed topology provides minimisation in cost in terms of THD, losses and filter size. In this report, the modulation techniques SPWM, Fundamental frequency and SHE-PWM are proposed and comparison of them with each other for ensures effectiveness.
Rapid detection of social interactions is the result of domain general attentional processes

Using visual search displays of interacting and non-interacting pairs, it has been demonstrated that detection of social interactions is facilitated. For example, two people facing each other are found faster than two people with their backs turned: an effect that may reflect social binding. However, recent work has shown the same effects with non-social arrow stimuli, where towards facing arrows are detected faster than away facing arrows. This latter work suggests a primary mechanism is an attention orienting process driven by basic low-level direction cues. However, evidence for lower level attentional processes does not preclude a potential additional role of higher-level social processes. Therefore, in this series of experiments we test this idea further by directly comparing basic visual features that orient attention with representations of socially interacting individuals. Results confirm the potency of orienting of attention via low-level visual features in the detection of interacting objects. In contrast, there is little evidence for the representation of social interactions influencing initial search performance.
Comparison of insulin sensitivity between healthy neonatal foals and horses using minimal model analysis

The equine neonate is considered to have impaired glucose tolerance due to delayed maturation of the pancreatic endocrine system. Few studies have investigated insulin sensitivity in newborn foals using dynamic testing methods. The objective of this study was to assess insulin sensitivity by comparing the insulin-modified frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (I-FSIGTT) between neonatal foals and adult horses. This study was performed on healthy neonatal foals (n = 12), 24 to 60 hours of age, and horses (n = 8), 3 to 14 years of age using dextrose (300 mg/kg IV) and insulin (0.02 IU/kg IV). Insulin sensitivity (SI), acute insulin response to glucose (AIRg), glucose effectiveness (Sg), and disposition index (DI) were calculated using minimal model analysis. Proxy measurements were calculated using fasting insulin and glucose concentrations. Nonparametric statistical methods were used for analysis and reported as median and interquartile range (IQR). SI was significantly higher in foals (18.3 L·min-1· μIU-1 [13.4–28.4]) compared to horses (0.9 L·min-1· μIU-1 [0.5–1.1]); (p < 0.0001). DI was higher in foals (12 × 103 [8 × 103−14 × 103]) compared to horses (4 × 102 [2 × 102−7 × 102]); (p < 0.0001). AIRg and Sg were not different between foals and horses. The modified insulin to glucose ratio (MIRG) was lower in foals (1.72 μIUinsulin2/10·L·mgglucose [1.43–2.68]) compared to horses (3.91 μIU insulin2/10·L·mgglucose [2.57–7.89]); (p = 0.009). The homeostasis model assessment of beta cell function (HOMA-BC%) was higher in horses (78.4% [43–116]) compared to foals (23.2% [17.8–42.2]); (p = 0.0096). Our results suggest that healthy neonatal foals are insulin sensitive in the first days of life, which contradicts current literature regarding the equine neonate. Newborn foals may be more insulin sensitive immediately after birth as an evolutionary adaptation to conserve energy during the transition to extrauterine life.
Cell differentiation events in pre-implantation mouse and bovine embryos

Abstract Early mammal embryogenesis starts with oocyte fertilization, giving rise to the zygote. The events that the newly formed zygote surpasses are crucial to the embryo developmental success. Shortly after activation of its genome, cells of the embryo segregate into the inner cell mass (ICM) or the trophectoderm (TE). The first will give rise to the embryo while the latter will become the placenta. This first segregation involves cellular and molecular processes that include cell polarity linked to intracellular pathway activation, which will regulate the transcription of trophectoderm-related genes. Then, cells of the ICM undergo the second event of mammalian cell differentiation, which consists of the separation between epiblast (EPI) and hypoblast or primitive endoderm (PrE). This second segregation involves paracrine signaling, leading to differential expression of key genes that will dictate the fate of the cell. Although these processes are described in detail in the mouse, recent studies suggest that the bovine embryo could also be an interesting model for early development, since there are differences to the mouse and similarities with early human embryogenesis. In this review, we gathered the main data available in the literature upon bovine and mouse early development events, suggesting that both models should be analyzed and studied in a complementary way, to better model early events occurring in human development.
GZ17-6.02 and palbociclib interact to kill ER+ breast cancer cells

GZ17-6.02 is presently undergoing clinical evaluation in solid tumors and lymphoma. The present studies were performed to define its biology in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer cells and to determine whether it interacted with palbociclib to enhance tumor cell killing. GZ17-6.02 interacted in an additive fashion with palbociclib to kill ER+ breast cancer cells. GZ17-6.02 and palbociclib cooperated to inactivate mTOR and AKT and to activate ULK1 and PERK. The drugs interacted to increase the expression of FAS-L and BAX, and to decrease the levels of MCL1, the estrogen receptor, and HDACs 1–3. Palbociclib activated ERBB3, an effect blocked by GZ17-6.02. GZ17-6.02 and palbociclib interacted to increase the expression of multiple toxic BH3 domain proteins and to reduce MCL1 and BCL-XL expression. Knock down of FAS-L reduced the lethality of [GZ17-6.02 + palbociclib]. GZ17-6.02 and palbociclib interacted to enhance autophagosome formation and autophagic flux. Knock down of Beclin1, ATG5, BAG3, eIF2α, toxic BH3 domain proteins or CD95 significantly reduced drug combination lethality. GZ17-6.02 and palbociclib increased the expression of Beclin1 and ATG5, effects blocked by knock down of eIF2α. The drugs also increased the phosphorylation of the AMPK and ATG13, effects blocked by knock down of ATM. Knock down of ATM or the AMPK, or expression of activated mTOR significantly reduced the abilities of GZ17-6.02 and palbociclib to enhance autophagosome formation and autophagic flux.
Slow-light: Fascinating physics or potential applications? Slow light using semiconductor optical amplifiers: Model and noise characteristics

We developed an improved model in order to predict the RF behavior of the SOA valid for any experimental conditions. It takes into account the dynamic saturation of the SOA, which can be fully characterized by a simple measurement, and only relies on material fitting parameters, independent of the optical intensity and bias current. We used this new model to analyze and model the additive noise of the SOA in order to fully characterize the influence of the slow light effect on the microwave photonics link properties. To cite this article: P. Berger et al., C. R. Physique 10 (2009).
Diffusion-Controlled Crystallization of Calcium Phosphate in a Hydrogel toward a Homogeneous Octacalcium Phosphate/Agarose Composite

Diffusion-controlled crystallization in a hydrogel has been investigated to synthesize organic/inorganic hybrid composites and obtain a fundamental understanding of the detailed mechanism of biomineralization. Although calcium phosphate/hydrogel composites have been intensively studied and developed for the application of bone substitutes, the synthesis of homogeneous and integrated composites remains challenging. In this work, diffusion-controlled systems were optimized by manipulating the calcium ion flux at the interface, concentration gradient, and diffusion coefficient to synthesize homogeneous octacalcium phosphate/hydrogel composites with respect to the crystal morphology and density. The ion flux and local pH play an important role in determining the morphology, density, and phase of the crystals. This study suggests a model system that can reveal the relation between local conditions and the resulting crystal phase in diffusion-limited systems and provides a synthetic method for homogeneously organized organic/inorganic composites.
Contact‐Free Remote Manipulation of Hydrogel Properties Using Light‐Triggerable Nanoparticles: A Materials Science Perspective for Biomedical Applications

Considerable progress has been made in synthesizing “intelligent”, biodegradable hydrogels that undergo rapid changes in physicochemical properties once exposed to external stimuli. These advantageous properties of stimulus‐triggered materials make them highly appealing to diverse biomedical applications. Of late, research on the incorporation of light‐triggered nanoparticles (NPs) into polymeric hydrogel networks has gained momentum due to their ability to remotely tune hydrogel properties using facile, contact‐free approaches, such as adjustment of wavelength and intensity of light source. These multi‐functional NPs, in combination with tissue‐mimicking hydrogels, are increasingly being used for on‐demand drug release, preparing diagnostic kits, and fabricating smart scaffolds. Here, the authors discuss the atomic behavior of different NPs in the presence of light, and critically review the mechanisms by which NPs convert light stimuli into heat energy. Then, they explain how these NPs impact the mechanical properties and rheological behavior of NPs‐impregnated hydrogels. Understanding the rheological behavior of nanocomposite hydrogels using different sophisticated strategies, including computer‐assisted machine learning, is critical for designing the next generation of drug delivery systems. Next, they highlight the salient strategies that have been used to apply light‐induced nanocomposites for diverse biomedical applications and provide an outlook for the further improvement of these NPs‐driven light‐responsive hydrogels.
Etavopivat, a Pyruvate Kinase Activator in Red Blood Cells, for the Treatment of Sickle Cell Disease

Etavopivat is an investigational, oral, small molecule activator of erythrocyte pyruvate kinase (PKR) in development for the treatment of sickle cell disease (SCD) and other hemoglobinopathies. PKR activation is proposed to ameliorate the sickling of SCD red blood cells (RBCs) through multiple mechanisms, including reduction of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG), which consequently increases hemoglobin (Hb)-oxygen affinity; increased binding of oxygen reduces sickle hemoglobin polymerization and sickling. In addition, PKR activation increases adenosine triphosphate (ATP) produced via glycolytic flux, which helps preserve membrane integrity and RBC deformability. We evaluated the pharmacodynamic response to etavopivat in nonhuman primates (NHPs) and in healthy human subjects and evaluated the effects in RBCs from patients with SCD after ex vivo treatment with etavopivat. A single dose of etavopivat decreased 2,3-DPG in NHPs and healthy subjects. Hb-oxygen affinity was significantly increased in healthy subjects after 24 hours. After daily dosing of etavopivat over 5 consecutive days in NHPs, ATP was increased by 38% from baseline. Etavopivat increased Hb-oxygen affinity and reduced sickling in RBCs collected from patients with SCD with either homozygous hemoglobin S or hemoglobin S and C disease. Collectively, these results demonstrate the ability of etavopivat to decrease 2,3-DPG and increase ATP, resulting in increased Hb-oxygen affinity and improved sickle RBC function. Etavopivat is currently being evaluated in clinical trials for the treatment of SCD. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Etavopivat, a small molecule activator of the glycolytic enzyme erythrocyte pyruvate kinase, decreased 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in red blood cells (RBCs) from nonhuman primates and healthy subjects and significantly increased hemoglobin (Hb)-oxygen affinity in healthy subjects. Using ex vivo RBCs from donors with sickle cell disease (SCD) (homozygous hemoglobin S or hemoglobin S and C genotype), etavopivat increased Hb-oxygen affinity and reduced sickling under deoxygenation. Etavopivat shows promise as a treatment for SCD that could potentially reduce vaso-occlusion and improve anemia.