Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How kinship systems and welfare regimes shape leaving home: A comparative study of the United States, Germany, Taiwan, and China

Objective: This paper aims to explain societal differences in the event of leaving the parental home as part of the transition to adulthood, in the United States, Germany, China, and Taiwan. It proposes bridge hypotheses between societal characteristics such as kinship system and welfare regime and home-leaving behavior, and tests them with nationally representative panel studies. Methods: Four panel studies (NLSY97 for the USA; PAIRFAM for Germany; CFPS for China; TYP for Taiwan) were harmonized for similar cohorts, with an age span of 15 to 30 years. Testing was based on age-specific tabulations of household composition and separate discrete-time event history models. Results: The prevalence of home-leaving is highest in the United States, followed by Germany, China, and then Taiwan. Timing is earlier in the United States than in Germany, and earlier in China than in Taiwan. Gender-specific coincidence of home-leaving with entry into higher education, the work force, cohabitation, and marriage can be conclusively related to differences in kinship system and welfare regime, and regional opportunity disparities. Contribution: The empirical results point to significant cultural differences between home-leaving in collectivistic, patrilineal societies (China, Taiwan) and individualistic, bilineal societies (USA, Germany). Whereas neolocal housing signifies an important step in the transition to adulthood in the latter societies, continuous intergenerational housing, or even an early return to it, is normatively supported in collectivistic cultures. Differences between the United States and Germany on the one hand, and China and Taiwan on the other, point to variation in welfare regimes and differences in urbanization.
Making education reform happen: is there an ‘Asian’ way?

This paper presents a descriptive analysis of education reform in selected Southeast Asian nations between 1995 and 2007. It reports the results of a purposive survey of elite informants comprising scholars and educational leaders involved in education reform in Thailand, Malaysia, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore. The paper addresses two main questions: What have been the main obstacles to education reform in Southeast Asia? And is there anything unique about the process of educational reform and change in Southeast Asia or anything different from processes reported in the Western literature? Although the paper finds more similarities than differences in the process of education reform in Southeast Asia, the author notes distinctive obstacles to reform in these societies. These differences are linked to a cultural explanation of educational change.
A specific association exists between type 1 diabetes and anti-CCP positive rheumatoid arthritis

Objective—The co-occurrence of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and type 1 diabetes (T1D) has been reported in individuals and families. We studied the strength and nature of this association at the population level. Methods—We conducted a case-control study of 1419 incident RA cases and 1674 controls between 1996 and 2003. Subjects were recruited from university, public and private rheumatology units throughout Sweden. Blood samples were tested for the presence of antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP), rheumatoid factor (RF) and the presence or absence of the 620W PTPN22 allele. Information on history of diabetes was obtained by questionnaire, telephone interview, and medical record review. The prevalence of T1D and type 2 diabetes (T2D) was compared between incident RA cases and controls and further stratified by anti-CCP, RF status, and the presence of the PTPN22 risk allele. Results—T1D was associated with an increased risk of RA, OR 4.9 (95% CI 1.8–13.1), and was specific for anti-CCP+ RA, OR 7.3 (95% CI 2.7–20.0), but not anti-CCP negative RA. Further adjustment for PTPN22 attenuated the odds ratio for anti-CCP+ RA in individuals with T1D to 5.3 (95% CI 1.5–18.7). No association was observed between RA and T2D. Conclusion—The association between T1D and RA is specific for a particular RA subset, antiCCP+ RA. The risk of type 1 diabetics developing RA later in life may be attributed in part to the presence of the 620W PTPN22 allele, suggesting a common pathway for the pathogenesis of these two diseases. Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Katherine P. Liao, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, PBB-B3, Boston, MA 02114, Tel: 617-732-5325, Fax: 617-732-5505, kliao@partners.org. *These authors contributed equally to this work Conflict of interest statement Authors report no conflicts of interest. NIH Public Access Author Manuscript Arthritis Rheum. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2010 March 1. Published in final edited form as: Arthritis Rheum. 2009 March ; 60(3): 653–660. doi:10.1002/art.24362. N IH PA Athor M anscript N IH PA Athor M anscript N IH PA Athor M anscript
A Long-Term Land Surface Hydrologic Fluxes and States Dataset for China

A long-term consistent and comprehensive dataset of land surface hydrologic fluxes and states will greatly benefit the analysis of land surface variables, their changes and interactions, and the assessment of land atmosphere parameterizations for climate models. While some offline model studies can provide balanced water and energy budgets at land surface, few of them have presented an evaluation of the long-term interaction of water balance components over China. Here, a consistent and comprehensive land surface hydrologic fluxes and states dataset for China using the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrologic model driven by long-term gridded observation-based meteorological forcings is developed. The hydrologic dataset covers China with a 0.25 degrees spatial resolution and a 3-hourly time step for 1952-2012. In the dataset, the simulated streamflow matches well with the observed monthly streamflow at the large river basins in China. Given the water balance scheme in the VIC model, the overall success at runoff simulations suggests that the long-term mean evapotranspiration is also realistically estimated. The simulated soil moisture generally reproduces the seasonal variation of the observed soil moisture at the ground stations where long-term observations are available. The modeled snow cover patterns and monthly dynamics bear an overall resemblance to the Northern Hemisphere snow cover extent data from the National Snow and Ice Data Center. Compared with global product of a similar nature, the dataset can provide a more reliable estimate of land surface variables over China. The dataset, which will be publicly available via the Internet, may be useful for hydroclimatological studies in China.
Use of Spontaneous Reporting Systems to Detect Host‐Medication Interactions: Sex Differences in Oral Anti‐Diabetic Drug‐Associated Myocardial Infarction

Background Medical treatment should be tailored to an individual's characteristics to optimize treatment benefits. We examined whether case‐only analyses from spontaneous reporting systems can detect host‐medication interactions in oral antidiabetic drug‐associated myocardial infarction. Methods and Results Interaction between sex and use of oral antidiabetic drugs was mined among patients with myocardial infarction in the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System from 2004 to 2014, including 55 718 males and 42 428 females. The odds ratio (OR) of multiplicative interactions was used to estimate sex‐drug interaction. Detected signs of these interactions were then validated by a nested case‐control study utilizing a healthcare record database, Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, from 2001 to 2014, including 31 585 cases and 126 340 controls. In the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System, a higher proportion of male than female patients used metformin (10.32% in males versus 7.82% in females) and sulfonylureas (4.75% in males versus 3.43% in females); after adjusting for patients’ pharmacy‐based chronic disease score, males had a higher risk of metformin‐associated (OR=1.07; 99% confidence interval, 1.00–1.14) and sulfonylureas‐associated (OR=1.21; 99% confidence interval, 1.10–1.33) myocardial infarction than females. Detected signs of sex‐drug interactions were validated in the National Health Insurance Research Database (OR for metformin=1.14; 99% confidence interval, 1.03–1.26; OR for sulfonylureas=1.13; 99% confidence interval, 1.02–1.25). Conclusions Males have a higher risk of metformin‐ and sulfonylureas‐associated myocardial infarction than females, which suggests that sex‐drug interactions are a key issue in diabetes mellitus treatment plan development. This case‐only approach using information from spontaneous reporting systems may be a potential tool for screening host‐medication interactions that cause adverse events.
Morpho-physiological analysis in strawberry ( Fragaria x ananassa L . ) under PEG ( Polyethylene glycol ) induced drought stress

A study on morpho-physiological analysis in Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa L.) under PEG (Polyethylene Glycol) induced drought stress was carried out in a low cost net house of College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, East Siang District, Arunachal Pradesh, India. The experiment consisted of two factors, the varieties (Camarosa, Festival and Winterdawn) and the PEG (0%, 20% and 40%) respectively and the experiment was laid out in Factorial Completely Randomized Design (FCRD). Different growth parameters such as shoot and root length, fresh and dry weight of the shoot and root, Relative water content (RWC) and chlorophyll content of the leaves were analyzed. Results showed that shoot and root length, fresh and dry weight of the shoots and the roots and RWC % decreases as a result of drought stress as induced by different levels of PEG. Among the varieties, Camarosa showed best performance.
A Treat-to-Target Strategy Preserves Work Capacity in a Rheumatoid Arthritis Inception Cohort Treated With Combination Conventional DMARD Therapy

Objectives Quantification of work disability in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) receiving conventional DMARDs according to a treat-to-target strategy. Methods This is a retrospective cohort analysis of RA patients who received combination conventional DMARDs, escalated to achieve DAS28(ESR) remission and completed an annual work and arthritis questionnaire. Random effect mixed modeling was used to assess associations between average hours worked per week (HWPW), and baseline prognostic factors. HWPW were compared with matched population averages. Cox proportional hazards modeling was employed to evaluate associations between permanent loss of employment and treatment response, disease and demographic factors. Results Work data from 135 patients working at baseline and 137 working at any point followed for up to 14 years (range 1–14) were available for analysis. The mean age was 45 years, 70% were female, and 70% and 68% were seropositive for rheumatoid factor and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP), respectively. Men worked more hours than women; there was a highly significant association between working hours lost and increasing age (0.28 hours, P = 0.04) and female gender (11.92 hours, P < 0.001). HWPW were maintained over the study time comparable to the general population (loss of 0.78 vs. 0.24 HWPW). EULAR good responders at 6 months were more likely to be working at 10 years compared to those with moderate/no response. Permanent loss of employment and baseline age were strongly associated for anti-CCP positive participants (P = 0.04). Conclusions Treat-to-target combination conventional DMARD therapy maintains work capacity, particularly in good responders, comparable to the general population. Improving treatment response in moderate/no responders early in disease may increase work retention.
STUDY ON THE USE OF MEDICINES IN SOME SELECTED HEALTH CARE FACILITIES OF ARUNACHAL PRADESH

Patient should receive medication appropriate to their clinical needs. Current medication practices were assessed in some selected health facilities of Arunachal Pradesh using the WHO formulated drug use indicators. A prospective study carried out on different indicator showed a slightly higher values with respect to average number of drug per encounter (2.376) and use of antibiotics (42.38% of total cases) while in case of number of medicines prescribed by generic name (3.36 % of total drugs), number of patients with knowledge of correct dosage regimen (47.76% of cases), availability of essential medicines (71.20 %) as well as percen tage of key medicines (69.00 %) were found to be lower as compared to the international average value. Corrective measures could be undertaken to increase the effectiveness of the rational drug use concept in the area of study.
Intra-speciflc divergence in rice.

Mahalanobis's D2 and canonical analyses have been used to assess the nature of divergence and its relationship with the components of genetic variation in rice for four characters, namely height of the plant, number of productive tillers, duration of variety and ear-length, related to yield and fitness. They were found to be potent enough to distinctly discriminate the indica and japonica races, early, medium and late maturity groups and the varieties of China, Japan and Taiwan and hilly and plain varieties of India which indicated that genetic diversity might be related with geographic diversity in rice. The probable causes responsible for retention of variability in rice crop have also been explored. The nature of evolutionary pattern has been traced out indicating the most important role of flowering time in the major axis of differentiation. A brief scheme of the indica X japonica hybridization programme based on genetic divergence for the maximum exploitation of heterotic effect has also been put forth.
Effect of hydrogel on water and nutrient management of Citrus reticulata

The hydrogel is a soil conditioner able to retain water and plant nutrients. Hydrogel is commercially available as stockosorb/raindrop/agrosorb. Stockosorb releases water and nutrient to the plants when surrounding soil near root zone of plants starts to dry up, this was also observed in case of soils of Arunachal Pradesh, which are eroded, porous and gravely in nature. The soils vary from sandy loam to loamy sand with acidic in reaction with varying N: P: K status. The cultivated lands occur mostly in the hill slopes and few in valley. Horticulture is usually practised as a remunerative profession in the state. Citrus is the most occupied crop among the horticultural crops. Khasi mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) is one of the important crops among citrus growers. Planting of citrus on steep hill slopes and lack of supplementary irrigation and application of nutrients, cause gradual decrease in their productivity. One of the mandarin orchards of the village Mirem was used for the experiment. The orchard is in a land having slope of 38%. The village is located in East Siang district of Arunachal Pradesh. The effect of stockosorb on the growth and yield of Khasi mandarin was evaluated. The experiment was laid out in randomised block design with three replications and seven treatments (T1–Control, T2–20 g of stockosorb, T3–40 g of stockosorb, T4–60 g of stockosorb, T5–80 g of stockosorb, T6–100 g of stockosorb and T7–120 g of stockosorb). The treatments were applied during December 2012 with application of recommended doses of N: P: K i. e. 450, 450 and 900 g, respectively, to each tree. Among the treatments, treatment T4 was found to be the best. Significant yield i. e. 283 fruits per tree was recorded for the treatment T4. This is the highest yield among all the treatments. The fruits from T4 also produced reducing sugar content as 7.16% and the ascorbic acid content of 106.6 mg/100 g. In case of the treatment T4, the WHC of the soil increased from 19.65 to 30.8%. This may be due to the fact that the soil was wet for a longer time increasing the microbial activity as well as reducing the fruit drop due to water stress. With respect to mean increase in tree height, treatment T4 was found to be superior among all the treatments. Moreover, with respect to growth of the tree, it was found that there was appreciable increase in the growth of the tree in all the treatments where stockosorb was used as compared to control. It was also observed that stockosorb also held available water for the plant up to 15 days.
Introducing Social Contribution Value Per Share (Scvps) as a Measurement of CSR Performance

This study focuses on the evaluation of CSR performance by reviewing and comparing several major Measurements of Social Performances (MSPs) in developed countries and mainland China based on their merits and concerns. Most importantly, this study advocates the use of a quantitative measurement – social contribution value per share (SCVPS) due to its simplicity, robustness and comparative metrics. This paper undertakes an extensive literature review as well as secondary or primary evidences of methodologies from selected MSPs and the criteria they rely upon to assess a firm’s CSR performance. The study highlights several major limitations of current MSPs (such as the difficulty in making comparisons across MSPs, lack of transparency in constructing them, potential misinterpretations as well as the exclusion of risky industries) through a comparison with SCVPS which was developed by the Shanghai Stock Exchange in China. This study argues that SCVPS is a preferable MSP because of its simple calculation method, transparent evaluation process, comparability as well as high accessibility among potential investors. In addition, the findings of this study shed light on the importance of standardized, comparative and transparent MSPs for regulators and market participants. Last but not least, this study points out some possible future research avenues utilizing SCVPS for listed enterprises in China as well as those in other regions.
Rational Speculative Bubbles: Evidence from Asian Stock Markets

We scrutinize China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, South Korea, Taiwan, and Thailand for the presence of rational bubbles by employing several tests on a large dataset that includes three bubble episodes. We also convert most tests into recursive to overcome structural breaks in the data that improve a bubble’s detection. The unit root tests exhibit bubbles in all markets while the sup augmented Dickey-Fuller test suggests Hong Kong, Japan, and Thailand exhibit an explosive process. The cointegration tests show that Hong Kong, Japan, Malaysia, and Thailand may have bubbles while the explosiveness test shows evidence of bubbles in all markets for both weekly and monthly data. However, the duration dependence test identifies bubbles in six (two) Asian markets for weekly (monthly) returns. Thus, our results suggest that the rational bubble tests are enhanced from recursive tests using a large dataset that includes multiple bubble episodes.
Expression, Mechanisms and Chemistry of Resistance in Soybean, Glycine max L. (Merr.) To the Soybean Looper, Pseudoplusia includens (Walker)

The soybean plant introduction (PI)227687 is highly resistant to 16 different insect pests of soybean in Australia, Brazil, Taiwan and the United States. In most of the pest Lepidoptera, resistance is expressed as greatly increased mortality in the later larval instars. The soybean looper, Pseudoplusia includens (Walker) is most severely affected in the final larval instar. Antibiotic effects include reduced weight gain, growth rate and increased mortality. These effects are enhanced by mechanically wounding foliage 24 hr prior to larval consumption. Antibiosis appears to be due to the combined effects of a feeding deterrent and a growth inhibitor. Resistance is location-specific on (PI)227687 plants and occurs abruptly on the third fully-expanded leaf from the plant apex. Larval growth on leaves of the susceptible variety ‘Davis’ is similar to or greater than that of the upper, susceptible leaves of (PI)227687. Resistance appears to be chemically based, since larvae fed artificial diets containing leaf extracts exhibit antibiotic symptoms similar to those fed fresh (PI)227687 leaves. RésuméLa plante de soja (PI)227687 est résistante à 16 differents insectes qui lui sont nuisibles en Australie, au Brésil, au Taiwan et aux Etats Unis d’Amérique. Dans la plupart des insectes lépidoptères, la résistance est exprimée comme une mortalité accure au cours des phases larvaires secondaires. La résistance chez la plante de soja (PI)227687 à l’arpenteuse Pseudoplusia includens (Walker) est antixénotique à cause d’un préventif alimentaire et d’un antibiotique dû à un inhibiteur de croissance métabolique. Les effets de l’antibiotique comprennent une augmentation réduite du poids, une réduction du taux de croissance et une mortalité accrue. Ces effets sont accrus par l’ulcération mécanique des feuilles 24 hr avant la consommation larvaire. La résistance est spécifique à l’emplacement chez les plantes (PI)227687 et survient brusquement sur la troisième feuille complètement développée à partir du sommet de la plante. La croissance larvaire sur les feuilles de la variété susceptible ‘Davies’ est similaire ou plus importante que celle ayant lieu sur les feuilles susceptibles supérieures de (PI)227687. La résistance semble avoir une base chimique, car les larves nourris aux aliments artificiels contenant les extraits des feuilles présentent des symptômes antibiotiques similaires à ceux présentés par ceux qui sont nourris aux feuilles fraîches de (PI)227687.
A Network Analysis of the Asia-Pacific and Other Developed Stock Markets: Pre and Post Global Financial Crisis

This paper examines the volatility spillover and connectedness between Asia-Pacific, US, UK, and eurozone stock markets. A spillover index is built using forecast error variance decomposition in a vector autoregression framework and the spillover index is used to build network diagrams. It shows evidence of how the increase in risk transfer (volatility spillover) between the markets led to the global financial crisis and of the higher level of connectedness since. Network diagrams show the direction and strength of the connectedness. The network strength estimation enables us to understand the risk associated with connectedness across the markets in the event of a trigger and its influence in portfolio management decisions of international funds. The Chinese market appears to be the most insulated, while the South Korean, Hong Kong, and Singapore stock markets dominate in terms of risk transfer. The US, UK, EU, Singapore and Hong Kong are the top five volatility spillover recipient markets, both during pre and post global financial crisis periods. We find the market size to be irrelevant in the determination of the level of connectedness, whereas the role of geographical proximity cannot be ruled out. The findings are relevant to multinational investment strategies and in understanding the relative risk of investment in the Asia-Pacific region.