Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stable networks and product graphs

A network is a collection of gates, each with many inputs and many outputs, where links join individual outputs to individual inputs of gates; the unlinked inputs and outputs of gates are viewed as inputs and outputs of the network. A stable configuration assigns values to inputs, outputs, and links in a network, so as to ensure that the gate equations are satisfied. The problem of finding stable configurations in a network is computationally hard, even when all values are boolean and all input values are specified in advance; in general, the difficulty of a stability problem seems to depend on the kinds of mappings associated with the gates present in the network. The study can be restricted to gates that satisfy a nonexpansiveness condition requiring small perturbations at the inputs of a gate to have only a small effect at the outputs of the gate. The stability question on the class of networks satisfying this local nonexpansiveness condition contains stable matching as a main example, and defines the boundary between tractable and intractable versions of network stability. The structural and algorithmic study of stability in nonexpansive networks is based on a representation of the possible assignments of boolean values for a network as vertices in a boolean cube under the associated Hamming metric. This global view takes advantage of the median properties of the cube, and extends to metric networks, where individual values are now chosen from finite metric spaces and combined by means of an additive product operation. The relationship between products of metric spaces and products of graphs establishes then a connection between isometric representations in graphs and nonexpansiveness in metric networks.
Storage possibilities of Trichogramma pintoi Voegele on eggs of Ephestia kuehniella

In this study, the parasitization rates of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) eggs stored at different times at 0, 4 and 8 ° C by Trichogramma pintoi Voegele (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) and the performance of parasitoids obtained from these stored eggs were examined. Studies have been conducted within a 25±1°C temperature % 60-70 relative humidity and 16 hours light 8 hours dark periods per day. In conclusion of the carried observations, low temperature and storing period have an effect on the development period of the stored Ephestia kuehniella eggs, emergence rate, adult female parasitoids lifetime, the number of the parasitized eggs and blackening of the parasitized eggs. Although the data obtained from the studied biological characteristics are very close to each other, the performance has been monitored high in storing +8°C temperature compared to 0 and +4°C temperatures. A fall has been observed in all of the biological characteristics when the period of storing is extended. The highest performance is identified in first week at the all three temperature degree.
Ohmic Contact Properties of Tungsten Plug and Ferroelectric Properties of (Bi,La)4Ti3O12 Thin Film in Stacked Capacitor Structure

A stacked Bi3.35La0. 85Ti3O12 (BLT) capacitor with Pt/IrOx/Ir bottom electrode stack was successfully integrated on a tungsten (W) plug up to metallization for mega-bit ferroelectric random access memory. The optimized BLT film was prepared using the metal-organic decomposition method and the total thermal budget during the integration was 2 h at 650°C in oxygen ambient. For ensuring the thermal stability of the plug, the buried barrier structure was fabricated with both W recess and chemical-mechanical polishing of the TiN barrier layer. The robust W plug showed good ohmic contact behavior and the contact resistance was about 200 Ω/plug after metallization at the contact size of φ 0.30 µm. The electrical properties of the BLT capacitor were also evaluated via the plug after metallization. The remanent polarization (2Pr) was about 26 µC/cm2 and the leakage current density was about 3 ×10-7 A/cm2 at the applied voltage of 3 V. Fatigue loss after 1 ×1011 cycles was about 3% at the switching voltage of 3 V.
Herbig Ae/Be Stars: Intermediate-Mass Stars Surrounded by Massive Circumstellar Accretion Disks

The proposition that Herbig Ae/Be stars are young intermediate mass stars surrounded by optically thick accretion disks is explored. From a study of 47 such objects, a subset of 30 stars is identified whose spectral energy distributions can be interpreted convincingly in terms of pre-main sequence stars surrounded by massive optically thick circumstellar accretion disks. Constraints on the physical properties of the disks, such as size, mass, accretion rate, lifetime, and radial structure are derived from the photometric data.
Non-equilibrium processes in non-homogeneous fluids under the action of external forces

This paper is devoted to the investigation of stable stratification effects that arise as a result of the combined influence of the external forces and environmental media's non-homogeneity due to the non-uniform distribution of dissolved or suspended matter, temperature, gas bubbles and so on. Such a medium is a thermodynamically non-equilibrium system where non-uniformity of the density flux causes the formation of specific fluid motions that are diffusion-induced flows and internal waves (IW), which are non-existent in a homogeneous fluid. In this paper, we demonstrate numerical calculations on flows’ fine structure around impermeable motionless plates with finite length and uniformly moving sloping plates in the interior of a continuously stratified fluid. The flow patterns are investigated both in the direct vicinity of the plate where compact non-wave boundary layer-like components and jet flows are observed and at long distances from the obstacle where sharp horizontal interfaces and groups of IW are revealed. The flows’ properties are analyzed as a function of the dimensional parameters of the problem, i.e. the value of stratification, the plate's length and its slope angle to the horizon. The calculated flow patterns are compared with the earlier obtained asymptotic approximation of small and large times and high-resolution schlieren images of stratified flows around both motionless and moving sloping plates in the laboratory.
Power generation from piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate nanotubes

PZT nanotubes were fabricated by the template-assisted method and power generation from these nanotubes was demonstrated experimentally. The PZT nanotubes obtained had high aspect ratios, and were dense, straight and continuous. A pure perovskite phase with strong [1 1 0] preferred crystallographic orientation was obtained at 650 °C. The diameters of these nanotubes ranged from 190 to 210 nm, while the length was around 58 µm, corresponding to the diameters and height of the nanopores in the anodic aluminium oxide template. The dielectric constant of the PZT nanotubes was determined to be about 470. These nanotubes could generate up to 469 mV voltage when a stainless-steel nugget was dropped on the electrode of the nanotubes. The power generation could be explained by the basic piezoelectric principles. This power generating mechanism had the potential to convert mechanical and vibration energy to electric power for nanodevices or integrated nanosytems.
Testing for symmetry

SUMMARY We introduce the characteristic symmetry function, based on the characteristic function of the underlying distribution, whose behaviour is indicative of symmetry or its absence. A statistic is proposed for testing symmetry about an unspecified centre, derived from the empirical characteristic symmetry function. The statistic is readily computible, it utilizes information in the empirical characteristic function over an interval, and does not require the estimation of the centre of symmetry. Under general symmetry the asymptotic null distribution of the statistic is folded normal. The empirical power for selected alternatives is studied by a small-scale simulation and a numerical illustration is given.
Three-dimensional adaptive grid-embedding Euler technique

A new three-dimensional adaptive-grid Euler procedure is presented that automatically detects high-gradient regions in the flow and locally subdivides the computational grid in these regions to provide a uniform, high level of accuracy over the entire domain. A tunable, semistructured data system is utilized that provides global, topological unstructured-grid flexibility along with the efficiency of a local, structured-grid system. In addition, this data structure allows for the flow solution algorithm to be executed on a wide variety of parallel/vector computing platforms. An explicit, lime-marching, control volume procedure is used to integrate the Euler equations to steady state
Recursive estimation in switching autoregressions with Markov regime

A hidden Markov regime is a Markov process that governs the time or space dependent distributions of an observed stochastic process. We propose a recursive algorithm for parameter estimation in a switching autoregressive process governed by a hidden Markov chain. A common approach to the recursive estimation problem is to base the estimation on suboptimal modifications of Kalman filtering techniques. The main idea in this paper is to use the maximum likelihood method and from this develop a recursive EM algorithm.
A NON-SLIP BOUNDARY CONDITION FOR LATTICE BOLTZMANN SIMULATIONS

A non‐slip boundary condition at a wall for the lattice Boltzmann method is presented. In the present method unknown distribution functions at the wall are assumed to be an equilibrium distribution function with a counter slip velocity which is determined so that fluid velocity at the wall is equal to the wall velocity. Poiseuille flow and Couette flow are calculated with the nine‐velocity model to demonstrate the accuracy of the present boundary condition.
A simple viscoelastic model for soft tissues in the frequency range 5–15 MHz

Measurements of the shear properties of soft tissues have been performed using a simple pulse–echo reflection technique. Briefly, a shear wave, generated by a shear wave transducer, propagates through a quartz rod, is reflected at the quartz–tissue interface, backpropagates through the rod, and is received by the transducer. The phase shift and the change in the magnitude of the wave with and without a tissue sample in place are measured, and the shear mechanical impedances are calculated and the complex modulus is determined. A negative shear modulus is often obtained in this frequency range, and none of the traditional linear models can explain this result. We propose a simple extension to the Voigt model for viscoelasticity to account for the effects of mass. In this model, a negative storage modulus is possible under the conditions of high frequency and long relaxation time. When the frequency is low and relaxation time is small, the new model reduces to the classic Voigt model. Based on this model, w.
MULTIOPERATOR ALGEBRAS AND CLONES OF POLYLINEAR OPERATORS

In this paper we consider principal derived polylinear operators on an ? -algebra A over an infinite field P. We clarify them in terms of partial algebras, that is, of clones. The classification allows us also to classify the multioperator structures on a vector space A for various systems of multioperators. The idea of discussing clones comes from Cohn's book [1] and the papers of Whitlock [2], Khion [3] and Dicker [4]. We also use certain concepts of Higgins [5] relating to partial algebras. The author expresses his sincere thanks to A. G. Kurosh for his guidance on this work.
Low-aspect-ratio wing aerodynamics at low Reynolds numbers

The recent interest in the development of small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and micro air vehicles has revealed a need for a more thorough understanding of the aerodynamics of small airplanes flying at low speeds. In response to this need, a study of the lift, drag, and pitching moment characteristics of wings of low aspect ratio operating at low Reynolds numbers are presented. Wind-tunnel tests of wings with aspect ratios between 0.5 and 2.0, four distinct planforms, thickness-to-chord ratios of ≈ 2%, and 5-to-1 elliptical leading edges have been conducted as part of this research. The Reynolds numbers considered were in the range of 7 × × 10 4 to 2 × × 10 5 . Analysis of the data includes comparison of lift-curve slope, nonlinear equation approximations, maximum lift coefficient, and center of lift.
Role of the elastic constants in negative thermal expansion of axial solids

In cubic solids the elastic properties cannot affect the sign of the thermal expansion, but in axial solids negative thermal expansion can arise not only from anisotropy in the Gruneisen functions, but also from elastic anisotropy. The origin of negative thermal linear expansion is discussed for arsenic, graphite, selenium, tellurium and indium. A negative linear compressibility is neither necessary nor sufficient to ensure negative thermal expansion. The extension of the treatment to solids of lower symmetry is outlined.
Detection of fully correlated signals by the MDL principle

The authors present a novel approach to the problem of detecting the number of sources impinging on a passive sensor array. The approach is applicable also to the case of fully correlated sources appearing, for example, in specular multipath propagation. Two slightly different detection criteria, both based on the minimum description length (MDL) principle and both requiring the estimation of the locations of the sources, are presented. The first is tailored to the detection problem per se, while the other is tailored to the combined detection-estimation problem. The authors prove the consistency of the two criteria and demonstrate their performance by simulation results. <<ETX>>
On the linear and nonlinear development of Görtler vortices

The linear and nonlinear developments of Gortler vortices were experimentally investigated by means of hot-wire anemometer measurement. The wavelengths of the vortices were preset to be the most amplified using thin perturbation wires. Three different vortex wavelengths of 12, 15, and 20 mm were considered. These wavelengths were preserved downstream which confirm the prediction of the most amplified wavelength of Gortler vortices. The onset of the nonlinear region occurs at about the same Gortler number of 5.0 for all the wavelengths considered. In this nonlinear region, the secondary instability is initiated near the boundary layer edge, and it develops further downstream. The maximum turbulent intensity increases as the secondary instability becomes dominant in the flow. In the transition region, however, it slightly decreases before drastically increasing due to the onset of turbulence. Three maxima of intense turbulence are found in the turbulent intensity contours in the nonlinear region, which indi.
Molecular hydrogen formation by excited atom radiative association

The results from a semiclassical calculation of the thermal rate coefficient for the radiative association process H(n = 2) + H(n = 1) {minus} H2 + hv are presented (n is the principal quantum number of the separated hydrogen atoms). The relative importance of this reaction in various environments is briefly discussed. Models of the early universe around the epoch of recombination and protostellar winds have been calculated which include the excited atom process. Not surprisingly, it is shown that the excited atom process will not be important in the general interstellar medium, except possibly in environments where the amount of Ly-alpha photon trapping is large. Examples may be the material surrounding quasars, active galactic nuclei, and bright H II regions. The most likely application of this process might be within rapidly evolving systems where a large transient n = 2 population of neutral hydrogen could result in a burst of molecular hydrogen formation. 29 refs.
Improved opacities and pulsation stability in subluminous B and O stars

We reconsider the excitation of radial oscillations in low-mass early-type stars by the so-called iron-bump opacity mechanism. Our models provide an indication of stability and periods for low-order radial and, by extension, non-radial p modes. The models are important for understanding pulsations in subluminous B and O stars and other evolved stars of low mass. Following the recent computation of new data by the Opacity Project, the position of the opacity peak due to iron-group elements was found to have shifted to higher temperatures. At these temperatures and for solar abundances of both species, nickel was found to contribute nearly as much opacity as iron. We have examined the stability of low-mass B stars over a wide range of effective temperature, luminosity-to-mass ratio and hydrogen abundance. We have increased the abundance of iron and nickel by factors ranging from 1 to 10. We have shown how the new opacities shift the ‘iron-bump’ instability strip towards slightly higher effective temperature, and that they give an instability strip of size comparable to that obtained with the older OPAL opacities for an enrichment factor three times smaller than previously. Thus the new opacities can better match the observed distribution of EC14026 stars with a lower concentration of iron and nickel. We have briefly examined radial pulsation models for the subluminous O star SDSS J160043.6+074802.9. We find no unstable radial modes with periods in the range reported; such stars would have log L/M∼ 2.5. We do find that low-order modes in sdO stars with log L/M≳ 3 can be unstable due to Fe + Ni opacity. Accurate spectroscopic parameters are required to progress this further.
Numerical Investigation of Mesoscale Circulations over the Los Angeles Basin. Part II: Synoptic Influences and Pollutant Transport

Abstract This paper describes the influence of large-scale flows on mesoscale circulations and pollutant transport in the Los Angels Basin. National Meteorological Center (NMC) gridded data for twenty-six basin smog episodes were composited, and summer and winter synoptic-scale wind and temperature profiles were created. The 24-h evolution of the atmosphere in and around the basin was simulated, both with and without large-scale winds, using a three-dimensional mesoscale model. Light large-scale winds had little influence on the strong summertime mesoscale circulations, but stronger large-scale winds exerted considerable influence on the weak mesoscale wintertime circulations. During both seasons, daytime upslope flows near the mountains ventilate the basin, inducing basinwide airflow and augmenting the sea breeze. Air from the basin's planetary boundary layer (PBL) travels upslope and rises over the ridgetops, where it mixes convectively to great heights; winds aloft then transport the air from the regio.
Observation of Surface Phonons in Inelastic Scattering of He Atoms from LiF(001) Crystal Surfaces

Preliminary results are reported on the inelastic scattering of low-energy (20 meV), monoenergetic ($\frac{\ensuremath{\Delta}v}{v}=0.8%$ full width at half maximum) He nozzle beams from a LiF(001) surface along the $〈100〉$ direction. The time-of-flight spectra reveal both broad and extremely sharp maxima. The broad maxima are attributed to a distribution of phonons of bulklike character with small momenta, while the sharp maxima indicate excitation of single discrete surface modes.
Discovery of phase related drift regions in PSR B1039−19

We report a discovery of a phase‐related subpulse drift pattern in the relatively less studied pulsar, B1039−19, using high sensitivity GMRT observations at 325 MHz. We observe simultaneous occurrence of four/three drift regions—evident subpulse drifting under the leading and the trailing peaks, less evident subpulse drifting under the small peak near to the leading peak and under the inner saddle region. Subpulse drifting in all the four regions appear to be locked in phase.
Weak solutions to the Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner equation

The Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner theory of coarsening (Ostwald ripening) in alloys describes the time evolution of the sizes of the grains of a new phase growing by diffusional mass transfer from a supersaturated solid solution. The volume distribution function of the grains obeys a nonlinear transport equation with a non-local nonlinearity. Global existence and uniqueness of solutions are proved for a large class of data including the ones derived by Lifshitz and Slyozov and Wagner.
Two-dimensional Stokes–Brinkman cell model – a boundary integral formulation

The purpose of this article is to prove the existence and uniqueness of the solution to a two-dimensional cell model problem, which describes the Stokes flow of a viscous incompressible fluid in a bounded Lipschitz region past a porous medium and in the presence of a solid core. The flow within the porous medium is described by the Brinkman equation. One uses the continuity of the velocity and traction fields at the fluid–porous interface, while on the exterior boundary of the fluid envelope, as well as on the boundary of the solid core the velocity field satisfies the prescribed Dirichlet conditions. In order to show the desired existence and uniqueness in certain Sobolev spaces, we develop a layer potential approach based on the potential theory for the Stokes and Brinkman equations. In addition, some particular cases are also analysed.
The active region in galactic nuclei: an outline.

The activity of galactic nuclei entails a continuous release of energy in the form of hot gas, violent motions, relativistic particles and ordered magnetic fields. The spectrum radiated spans most of the electromagnetic band, from radiowaves to Y -ra y s > an d the power can reach or exceed lO 1 * 1 * - 10 1 * 6 ergs sec -1 . Various extensive surveys with this subject
Ferromagnetism, hysteresis and enhanced heat dissipation in assemblies of superparamagnetic nanoparticles

In this paper, we develop theoretical frameworks to explain the emergence of ferromagnetism in suspensions and agglomerates of superparamagnetic (SPM) nanoparticles. In the limit of strong anisotropy, the super moments can be treated as a collection of two-state Ising spins. When adequate in number, they interact via dipole-dipole coupling to produce a dipolar field and subsequently a permanent dipole moment. As a result, this effectual ferromagnet exhibits hysteresis on the application of an oscillating magnetic field yielding heat dissipation that is several orders of magnitude larger than in a paramagnet. Using our frameworks, we provide a design for a magnetite-blood suspension that yields heat dissipation in the mW range. Its important physical application is in remedial procedures for destroying tumor and cancer cells. We are also able to explain many experiments reporting manifestations of ferromagnetism in the form of hysteresis loops, return point memory and large heat dissipation in suspensions .
CREME96: A Revision of the Cosmic Ray Effects on Micro-Electronics Code

CREME96 is an update of the Cosmic Ray on Micro-Electronics code, a widely-used suite of programs for creating numerical models of the ionizing-radiation environment in near-Earth orbits and for evaluating radiation effects in spacecraft. CREME96, which is now available over the World-Wide Web (WWW) at http://crsp3.nrl. navy.mil/creme96/, has many significant features, including: (1) improved models of the galactic cosmic ray, anomalous cosmic ray, and solar energetic particle ("flare") components of the near-Earth environment; (2) improved geomagnetic transmission calculations; (3) improved nuclear transport routines; (4) improved single-event upset (SEU) calculation techniques, for both proton-induced and direct-ionization-induced SEUs; and (5) an easy-to-use graphical interface, with extensive on-line tutorial information. In this paper we document some of these improvements.