Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Taxonomy of Knowledge Creation Process by Organization Type: Are Some Types of Organizations Better Equipped to Convert Tacit/Explicit Knowledge?

This is a research in progress to understand the various stages involved in knowledge creation and transfer. We believe that by depicting these stages, managers will improve their use of information and thereby positively influencing their judgments and decisions. The literature addresses various aspects of the fundamental questions about how organizations create, retain, and transfer knowledge. The creation of knowledge involves the conversion, sharing and combination of tacit and explicit knowledge. Finally, this study integrates theories of knowledge creation, knowledge management, and organizational learning to better understand the process of knowledge creation in organizations.
Positioning Performance Study of the RESSOX System With Hardware-in-the-loop Clock

A positioning performance analysis of the RESSOX synchronization network for the Japanese Quasi-Zenith Satellite System, QZSS, is presented. A hardware-in-the-loop experiment setup has been developed to study concrete effects on positioning when a real space-born OCXO is employed in the atomic clock-less RESSOX architecture. This study focuses on a positioning performance analysis of QZSS used in conjunction with GPS. Particular focus is given to the effects of faulty synchronization on positioning, specifically when, because of unavoidable communication interruptions, the QZSS satellite clock has to function without remote control. Results show that the recently proposed RESSOX phase error compensation method can guarantee enough time accuracy even for communication interruptions of the order of one hour. The relationship between QZSS plus GPS positioning accuracy and QZSS clock quality is discussed.
The Normativity of Marriage and the Marriage Premium for Children’s Outcomes

Children born to married parents have better health, behavioral, educational, and economic outcomes than children of unmarried mothers. This association, known as the "marriage premium," has been interpreted as emerging from the selectivity of parents who marry and from a positive effect of marriage. The authors suggest that the positive effect of marriage could be contextual, emerging from the normativity of marriage in society. They test this hypothesis using the case of Chile, where marital fertility dropped sharply from 66% of all births in 1990 to 27% in 2016. The authors find that the benefit of marriage for infant health was large in the early 1990s but declined as marital fertility became less normative in society, to fully disappear in 2016. Multivariate analysis of temporal variation, multilevel models of variation across place, sibling ? fixed effects models, and a falsification test consistently indicate that marriage has a beneficial effect when marital fertility is normative and a weak effect when is not. Generalizing from this case, the authors discuss contextual effects of diverse practices and statuses.
The International Tin Cartel

1. Introduction 2. Tin: The Foundations of an Industry 3. Tin and Industrial Capitalism, 1815-1918 4. The Problem with Tin, 1919-1929 5. The Depression: Initial Responses, 1928-1930 6. The Formation of the International Tin Committee, 1927-1931 7. Constructing the Machinery of Control 8. Rescuing the Industry, 1931-1933 9. Renewing the Second Agreement, 1933-1934 10. Stabilizing the Tin Market, 1934-1936 11. Renewing the Third Agreement, 1935-1936 12. Riding the Commodity Roller-coaster, 1937-1939 13. Development under Restriction: The Producers 14. Tin Consumption and Research 15. The International Tin Committee and World War II, 1939-1942 16.The International Tin Committee and its Critics 17. The Demise of the International Tin Committee, 1945-1946 18. From the International Tin Committee to the International Tin Council, 1945-1985 19. Conclusion
Essentials of Electromyography

The interest in and use of electromyography (EMG) have grown significantly in recent years. Researchers have found numerous clinical and research uses for EMG, including biofeedback, gait analysis, and clinical diagnosis for neuromuscular disorders. Yet, until now, few sources have been available to help novices understand the characteristics of the instrumentation, signal analysis techniques, and appropriate EMG applications. "Essentials of Electromyography" provides the perfect starting point for those who plan to use EMG because it aids in the comprehension of issues such as handling noise contamination to the area, slope, and variability of the EMG signal. The text is also a solid reference for practitioners who use EMG, including exercise scientists, physical therapists, occupational therapists, and motor development specialists. The book contains six detailed chapters discussing the anatomy and physiology of muscle, bioelectricity, EMG tools, signal processing, force-fatigue relations, and gait. Through Essentials of Electromyography, readers will-learn both fundamental and advanced concepts regarding the principles of using EMG, including the use and abuse of electrical recordings of muscle potentials;-discover the physiological basis of EMG signals, which is explained at an introductory level; and-explore relevant topics such as electrode configuration, advanced signal processing theory, and locations for extracting EMG information.The text provides a solid review of the relationship between human anatomy and EMG as well as how EMG is applied to clinical areas. It showcases over 160 figures and many qualitative explanations to communicate the principles of EMG, the biophysical basis of EMG, and the appropriate applications of EMG. It also contains appendixes for readers with a deeper understanding of EMG and stronger backgrounds in math; those readers will have the opportunity to work through more detailed EMG calculations. The book is heavily referenced and illustrated with diagrams showing electrical circuits and the progression of electrical impulses. "Essentials of Electromyography"--which is also available as an e-book--will help readers learn how to apply EMG for biofeedback, back pain, sport activities, and other uses. The text pulls together information scattered in books and articles among the numerous disciplines that use EMG as a tool. With its clear presentation of the concepts and applications of EMG, "Essentials of Electromyography" will prove to be a valuable text for practitioners and students alike.
Beyond the Grounding Bottleneck: Datalog Techniques for Inference in Probabilistic Logic Programs (Technical Report)

State-of-the-art inference approaches in probabilistic logic programming typically start by computing the relevant ground program with respect to the queries of interest, and then use this program for probabilistic inference using knowledge compilation and weighted model counting. We propose an alternative approach that uses efficient Datalog techniques to integrate knowledge compilation with forward reasoning with a non-ground program. This effectively eliminates the grounding bottleneck that so far has prohibited the application of probabilistic logic programming in query answering scenarios over knowledge graphs, while also providing fast approximations on classical benchmarks in the field.
“No Lecture, I Am Bored:” What Messages does Young Males Myanmar Want to Learn from Sexuality Education in Social Media?

This paper explores how Myanmar male youths use the social networking sites especially Facebook to search sexual health information by investigating their pattern of usage and the types of sexual message they are eager to learn from online source. The study was undertaken by conducting virtual ethnography, 16 in-depth interviews and 3 FGD sessions through purposive sampling method among university students in Mandalay. Thematic analysis was guided by doing open coding. Among male youth community, searching sexual health information and seeking sexual pleasure from Facebook are very common and are main reasons to use Facebook. In conclusion, Facebook influences their sexual health in both positive ways and negative ways depending on their pattern of usage. It is recommended that young people need sexual health information and comprehensive sexuality education curriculum in schools that are related with their sexual interest, sexual culture and lifestyle and their sexual literacy. Our finding demonstrated that in the users’ generated sexual and pornographic content groups at Facebook, the gender norms and sexual norms are more constructed by sharing their sexual experiences and perceptions among members.
Comparing outpatient and inpatient utilization rate in physicians, informed healthcare service consumers, and non-physicians, uninformed healthcare service consumers

Background Supplier-induced demand(SID)cause a considerable but preventable economic burden on health systems.SID exists when the supplier changes a patient’s demand for his greater interest because of their asymmetric medical information.The informed patient is expected to resist demand induction;thus,his amount of utilization would be free of induction.In this study,we aimed to examine the impact of the opportunity of SID,information asymmetry,on healthcare utilization.As the nature of the association of interest could be considered to be the same in variety of contexts,we believe our results are generalizable to other countries as well. Methods We compared the individual outpatient and inpatient utilization rates in randomly chosen physicians(medically-informed)and non-physicians(medically-uninformed)with university degree and same living area in the Tehran province,the capital of Iran.Subjects were chosen by simple random selection with replacement from the relevant phone number list.Phone number lists were extracted from the Tehran province phone number list categorized by occupation.We excluded non-physicians with at least one physician in their close family and medical interns and subjects who did not answer the phone call and were unwilling to cooperate.Negative-binomial was used for comparing incidence rates of utilization(Hurdle in inpatient utilization),adjusted for demographic characteristics,insurance coverage,access to healthcare,and health status as healthcare-utilization-altering factors.The data collection tool consisted of 22 questions and was designed based on the list of the services that are prone to be induced by a supplier.The questionnaire was face-validated and content-validated in face to face interviews. Results In 349 physicians and 295 non-physicians,the adjusted outpatient and inpatient-utilization incidence was higher in non-physicians(incidence-rate-ratio: 1.38 and 3.19,respectively),p-value < 0.05. The only variable that correlated significantly with utilization rates was the presence of chronic diseases as the incidence rate of inpatient utilization was in patients with chronic conditions was 2.01 times of the individuals without. Conclusions The higher incidence rate of utilization in non-physicians comparing to physicians suggest SID existence and might be caused by information asymmetry and non-physicians’ vulnerability for SID,especially that utilization-altering factors were considered in the study design and analysis.The findings validate policies to regulate service provision,plan an appropriate payment system,which is mainly fee for service payment in Iran,and increase general population-health information via trusted routes.
Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Propane over Vanadium Catalyst Supported on Alkali-Modifiedx-Al2O3

The propane oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) reaction has been considered as an alternative method for propene production owing to its exothermic nature, which renders it environmentally friendly. The use of alkaline promoters for supported V catalysts can increase propene selectivity and partially inhibit the formation of CO and CO2. Our goal was to evaluate the promoting effect of K and Na and the support effect using gibbsite as precursor for the propane ODH reaction. Catalysts were prepared via co-impregnation of V and alkali metals on a previously prepared alumina support and were characterized using N2 adsorption-desorption, X-ray diffraction, temperature-programmed reduction, and isopropanol decomposition tests to evaluate their acid-base properties. The activity of the synthesized catalysts for the propane ODH reaction was evaluated at the O2:C3H8:He molar ratios of 5:2:4, 6:1:4, and 4:3:4. The addition of alkali metals to the V catalysts increased propane conversion and propene selectivity; moreover, both parameters increased with increasing molar fraction of O2 in the reactants. K doping increased the propene selectivity of the doped catalysts, because it inhibited a large fraction of catalytic surface acidic sites. A high molar fraction of O2 in the reactants facilitated the regeneration of the catalyst, whereas a high reoxidation rate improved catalytic activity and propene selectivity.
Summary of Experiments with the Separated Aperture Technique of Dielectric Anomaly Detection

Abstract : This report summarizes experiments conducted for the Mine Detection Division, Counter-Mine, Counter-Intrusion Department. The objective of this report is to provide a condensed overview of the major things tried, with an indication of how well they worked, and a reference to the original report that will allow finding the more detailed description if desired. The objective of the experiments was to study and improve what has generally been called the separated aperture system of dielectric anomaly detection. The detection portion of the system is a 'head' made of a transmit antenna and a receive antenna separated by a flat plate called the 'septum'. While the items tested were primarily the different versions of the separated aperture heads, a small number of other antennas was also evaluated. These included broadband horns used for time domain measurements, a narrow band horn used for holographic imaging, and cross polarized antennas that were used in an antipersonnel mine detector.
Cloud Computing Bible

The complete reference guide to the hot technology of cloud computingIts potential for lowering IT costs makes cloud computing a major force for both IT vendors and users; it is expected to gain momentum rapidly with the launch of Office Web Apps later this year. Because cloud computing involves various technologies, protocols, platforms, and infrastructure elements, this comprehensive reference is just what you need if youll be using or implementing cloud computing.Cloud computing offers significant cost savings by eliminating upfront expenses for hardware and software; its growing popularity is expected to skyrocket when Microsoft introduces Office Web AppsThis comprehensive guide helps define what cloud computing is and thoroughly explores the technologies, protocols, platforms and infrastructure that make it so desirableCovers mobile cloud computing, a significant area due to ever-increasing cell phone and smartphone useFocuses on the platforms and technologies essential to cloud computingAnyone involved with planning, implementing, using, or maintaining a cloud computing project will rely on the information in Cloud Computing Bible.
Active Metal Template Synthesis and Thermal Actuation of a Nanohoop [c2]Daisy Chain Rotaxane

Molecules and materials that demonstrate large amplitude responses to minor changes in their local environment play an important role in the development of new forms of nanotechnology. Molecular daisy chains are a type of a mechanically interlocked molecule that are particularly sensitive to such changes where, in the presence of certain stimuli, the molecular linkage enables muscle-like movement between a reduced-length contracted form and an increased-length expanded form. To date, all reported syntheses of molecular daisy chains are accomplished via passive-template methods, resulting in a majority of structures being switchable only through the addition of an exogenous stimuli such as metal ions or changes in pH. Here, we describe a new approach to these structural motifs that exploits a multi-component active-metal template synthesis to mechanically interlock two pi-rich nanohoop macrocycles into a molecular daisy chain which we show can be actuated through simple thermal changes.
Humanistic Qurʼanic Studies of Fazlur Rahman

The present article focuses on explaining F. Rahman’s humanist and historical approach to the Quran. Pakistani thinker criticizes the concept of Quran as “uncreated” as it was established in the Islamic world after the rejection of Mu‘tazila. He states that in this view Quran is separated from the actual history and lives of people and thus cannot become the spiritual guidance it is supposed to be. The author demonstrates that F. Rahman continues the Neomodernist tendency in Islam and creatively employs the ideas of his predecessors. In particular, he does not argue with the revelationist idea of the Quran, but he urges to analyze it in context of historical revelation and consider the situational nature of particular physical articulation of ayahs performed by the Prophet. Author also notes that in order to perform a novel interpretation of Quran F. Rahman has to rethink the traditionalist legalistic ordinances for believers as they are set to regulate life only externally. Rahman also criticizes atomistic method, which implies separation of the Quran and its meaning from all the other Quranic ideas, and strives for holistic method in hermeneutics of Quran. Historical critique applied to the Quran by F. Rahman serves to understand it in its historicity, and in doing so clarifies the embodiment of universal ethical concepts in particular instances.
Detecting pipe bursts by monitoring water demand

An algorithm which compares measured and predicted water demands to detect pipe bursts was developed and tested on three data sets of water demand and reported pipe bursts of three years. The algorithm proved to be able to detect bursts where the water loss exceeds 30% of the average water demand in the area. The accuracy depends on the acceptable number of false alarms By simultaneously running the algorithm in adjacent supply areas, and combining the monitoring results the number of false alarms could be reduced.
Electrical Nerve Stimulation: "Theory, Experiments And Applications"

1. Functional Electrical Nerve Stimulation - A Way to Restore Lost Functions. - 2. Functional Design of the Nervous System. - 3. The Excitability of Cells. - 4. The Space Clamp Experiment of Hodgkin and Huxley - Non-Propagating Action Potentials. - 5. Modeling the Membrane. - 6. Propagation of the Spike. - 7. Extracellular Stimulation of Fibers. - 8. Current-Distance Relations for Monopolar Electrodes and for Ring Electrodes. - 9. Repetitive Firing and Fiber Reactions to Periodic Stimuli. - 10. Control of the Neuromuscular System. - 11. Case Studies: Nerve Cuff Electrodes, Stimulation by Magnetic Fields. - 12. Electrostimulation of the Auditory Nerve - Cochlear Implants. - References. - Author Index.
Future of intelligent and extelligent health environment

The technology on our body, in our body and all around us enhances our health and well-being from conception to death. This environment is emerging now with intelligent caring machines, cyborgs, wireless embedded continuous computing, healthwear, sensors, healthons, nanomedicine, adaptive process control, mathematical modeling, and common sense systems. Human body and the world in which it functions is a continuously changing complex adaptive system. We are able to collect more and more data about it but the real challenge is to infer local dynamics from that data. Intelligent Caring Biomechatronic Creatures and Healthmaticians (mathematicians serving human health) have a better chance of inferring the dynamics that needs to be understood than human physicians. Humans can only process comfortably three dimensions while computers can see infinite number of dimensions. We will need to trust the distributed network of healthons, Intelligent Caring Creatures, and NURSES (New Unified Resource System Engineers) to create Health Extelligence. We need new vocabulary to push forward in a new way. For instance; healthons are tools combining prevention with diagnosis and treatment based on continuous monitoring and analyzing of our vital signs and biochemistry. The "Healthon Era" is just beginning. We are closer and closer to the world with healthons on your body, in your body and all around you; where not a doctor but your primary care healthmatician warns you about an approaching headache; and where NURSE programs your intelligent caring creatures so they can talk to your cells and stop disease in its tracks.
Walking and Climbing Robot for Locomotion in 3D Environment

One of the traditional problems of the walking robot moving in 3D environment is how to negotiate the boundary of two plain surfaces, which may be convex or concave. In this paper the planning method in the transition region of the boundary is proposed in terms of geometrical view. In each case such as concave and convex, the trajectory that robot moves along has to be determined and the foot positions of the robot associated with the trajectory has to be estimated. The trajectory of the body is derived from the geometrical analysis of the relationship between the robot and the environment. And the position of each foot is estimated by using parameter associated with the hip and the ankle of the robot. The validity of the proposed method is demonstrated through simulations and experiments are performed in the concave and convex environments with limited slope angle.
Freeze Drying: Scale-Up Considerations

The pathway that leads toward a successful cycle scale up involves the understanding and control of all three process steps: freezing, primary and secondary drying. This entry addresses each of these steps separately, and also discusses the problem of scaling up a freeze-drying cycle from lab-scale equipment to a production unit. To conclude, the entry reviews current tools available to assist freeze-drying practitioners
Effects of Auditory Warning Types on Response Time and Accuracy in Ship Bridges

The effects of different auditory warnings on response time and accuracy were studied in a laboratory ship-bridge work environment. Subjective preference on the type of auditory warnings was also of a primary concern. Twenty five subjects were asked to select an appropriate button for the warning sound presented with three types of auditory warning (abstract sound, auditory icon, and voice alarm) and five levels of warning situation (fire, steering failure, collision, engine failure, and low power). Results showed that the response time and accuracy was significantly affected by the types of auditory warning. The voice alarm resulted in a higher accuracy and subjective preference, as compared to the auditory icon and abstract sound. Regarding the response time, auditory icons and voice alarms were equivalent and superior to abstract sounds. Actual or potential applications of this research include guidelines for the design of integrated ship bridge systems.