Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Displacement estimation by the phase-shiftings of Fourier transform in present white noise

Displacement estimation is a fundamental problem in Real-time video image processing. It can be typically approached by theories based on features in spatial domain. This paper presents an algorithm which improves the theory for estimating the moving object's displacement in spatial domain by its Fourier transform frequency spectrum. Because of the characters of Fourier transform, the result is based on all the features in the image. Utilizing shift theorem of Fourier transform and auto-registration, the algorithm employs the phase spectrum difference in polar coordinate of two frame images sequence with the moving target.The method needn't transform frequency spectrum to spatial domain after calculation comparing with the traditional algorithm which has to search Direc peak, and it reduces processing time. Since the technique proposed uses all the image information, including all the white noise in the image especially, and it's hard to overcome the aliasing from noises, but the technique can be an effective way to analyze the result in little white noise by the different characters between high and low frequency bands. It can give the displacement of moving target within 1 pixel of accuracy. Experimental evidence of this performance is presented, and the mathematical reasons behind these characteristics are explained in depth. It is proved that the algorithm is fast and simple and can be used in image tracking and video image processing.
Risk Analysis of Integrated Energy System Based on Security Boundary

In the face of an increasingly diversified energy supply, integrated energy systems (IES) are playing an increasingly important role. The operational risks of complex and diversified IES have also significantly increased. This article proposes an IES risk analysis based on security boundaries. Firstly, using the multi-energy flow equilibrium equation, construct equality constraints for the safety boundary. Then, N-1 safety analysis is conducted on each critical pipeline and equipment using the predicted accident set to obtain safety boundary inequality constraints. By combining the equality and inequality constraints of the safety boundary, the system safety boundary is solved, and the IES risk indicators are determined using the relationship between the operating state points and the safety boundary. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the method were verified by calculating an example of electric heating combined supply.
Diversity and the role of butterflies species at PT Permata Sawit Mandiri, West Kalimantan

The use of chemicals indicates a cost inefficiency and makes oil palm plantations considered environmentally unfriendly causing a decrease in environmental quality. These problems indicate the need to increase the role of biodiversity to optimize oil palm productivity and be environmentally friendly. Based on this, research is needed on the diversity and role of butterfly species in palm oil agrosystems. The purpose of this study is to identify the species of butterflies in various land cover and analyzes the role of butterflies in the palm oil agrosystem. The research was conducted at PT Permata Sawit Mandiri, West Kalimantan. Diversity data was obtained through pollard transect and trapping methods, while role data was obtained through the literature study method. The pollard transect method was carried out along a line measuring 2 × 1,000 m long and 10 m wide at 08.00-11.00. The trapping method was carried out by placing 5 traps in each observation line for 3 × 24 hours. The results showed that there were 190 individuals belonging to Papilionidae (3 species), Pieridae (8 species), Nymphalidae (37 species), Lycaenidae (7 species), and Hesperidae (4 species). There are variations of butterfly species between land covers with the highest number of species found in rubber gardens (27 species). 7 species of butterflies have the potential as oil palm pollinators with the highest potential owned by Elymnias hypermnestra. The Papilionidae (Graphium agamemnon, Papilio polytes, Papilio memnon) can be environmental bioindicators because more sensitive to the environment.
Vehicle detection of parking lot with different resolution aerial images

Vehicle detection is a very important task for intelligent transportation system. In this paper, a method with mathematical morphology and template matching is presented to detect the crowded vehicles of parking lot with high resolution aerial image. Our experimental results with high resolution aerial image showed that the graded image, with the spatial resolution of 1×1ft, could greatly reduce the calculation time, but with the same accuracy as the original image with the spatial resolution of 0.5×0.5ft .
Ammonite and inoceramid bivalve extinction patterns in Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary sections of the Biscay region (southwestern France, northern Spain)

Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary sections located in the Biscay region of southwestern France and northern Spain are among the most complete of all known land-based sequences across this boundary. New collections of ammonites and inoceramid bivalves from five localities show quite distinct extinction patterns for these two groups of characteristic Cretaceous molluscs: from eight to ten ammonite species extend into the latest Cretaceous, and possibly to the boundary. In contrast, inoceramid bivalve diversity gradually diminished from a minimum of six species in the early Maastrichtian to zero at the beginning of the late Maastrichtian, when they were replaced by the cryptic pteriomorph Tenuipteria. Extinction of typical inoceramids well before the end of the Maastrichtian is supported by data from other regions, indicating that it was a global rather than local phenomenon.
Advances in the design and use of carbon dots for analytical and biomedical applications

Carbon dots (CDs) have garnered significant interest for their potential use in multiple applications due to their size, fluorescent properties, high photostability, low toxicity and biocompatibility. CDs can be tailored for specific needs, as they can be synthesized with diverse precursors and techniques for functionalization. Since the applications of CDs are rapidly expanding, this review highlights recent developments in this burgeoning field. Specifically, we describe advances in CD synthesis tailored for applications that include pH and temperature sensing, biochemical analysis, and bioimaging. We also discuss various challenges and practical solutions that will drive CD-based research forward. Challenges include the lack of standardized synthesis and purification methods for CDs, the lack of clarity regarding their mechanism of action, and procedural flaws in their applications. In conclusion, we provide recommendations for collaboration among disciplines to bridge existing knowledge gaps and address the key challenges required for CDs to be fully commercialized.
Two-dimensional finite-difference model for moving boundary hydrodynamic problems

To predict the hydrodynamics of lakes, estuaries and shallow seas, a two 'dimensional numerical model is developed using the method of fractional steps. The governing equations, i.e., the vertically integrated Navier-Stokes equations of fluid motion, are solved through three steps: advection, diffusion and propagation. The characteristics method is used to solve the advection, the alternating direction implicit method is applied to compute the diffusion, and the conjugate gradient iterative method is employed to calculate the propagation. Two ways to simulate the moving boundary problem are studied. The first method is based on the weir formulation. The second method is based on the assumption that a thin water layer exists over the entire dry region at all times. A number of analytical solutions are used to validate the model. The model is also applied to simulate the wind driven circulation in Lake Okeechobee, Florida. (135 page document)
Chlorofluorocarbons (CCl3F and CCl2F2) as dating tools and hydrologic tracers in shallow groundwater of the Delmarva Peninsula, Atlantic Coastal Plain, United States

Concentrations of the chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) CFC-11 and CFC-12 were determined in groundwater from coastal plain sediments of the Delmarva Peninsula. CFC-modeled ages were calculated independently for CFC-11 and CFC-12, and agreed to within 2-3 years in the majority of the waters. Recharge temperatures, determined from dissolved nitrogen and argon concentrations, varied from + or - 2 degrees C over most of the peninsula to 14 + or - 2 degrees C at the southernmost tip of the peninsula in Virginia. The CFC-modeled ages were examined in relation to the known hydrogeologic environment, both on regional scales and in more intensively sampled local scale networks. The CFC-modeled recharge years and measured tritium concentrations were used to reconstruct a tritium input function that was compared to the modeled tritium plus [sup 3]He distribution. Most of the present distribution of tritium in Delmarva groundwater is consistent with low dispersivities. The results of this study strongly support the use of CFCs for dating shallow, aerobic groundwater.
THE TRANSITION PERIOD TO THE MARKET ECONOMY AND THE DECREASE OF N2O EMISSIONS FROM THE ROMANIAN AGRICULTURAL SOILS

An inventory of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from Romanian agricultural soils was carried out in 2012 for a period of 22 years (1989-2010) using the IPCC (2000) approach. Activity data comes from the Romanian Institute for Statistics and IPCC default emissions factors were used as any country-specific emissions factors were developed since Romania ratified the Kyoto Protocol in 2001. Direct emissions of N2O, resulted from anthropogenic activities (i.e. from the soils to which the N is added) and indirect emissions (through volatilization as NH3 and NOx and subsequent redeposition, and through leaching and runoff) were calculated using the IPCC (2000) Guidelines equations (Tier 1a and Tier 1b). The total soil emissions decreased from 46.29 Gg N-N2O in 1989 to 20.18 Gg N-N2O in 2000. Between 2001 and 2010, only in 2004 there was an important growth of N2O emissions, but not more than 24.42 Gg N-N2O respectively. This decrease of total soil emissions of N-N2O is mainly due to the dissolution of state agricultural entreprises and agricultural cooperatives and to the reforms of this economical sector. In order to improve the quality of the estimations and to reduce uncertainty, for further inventories, national data will be necessary.
Phosphorus Fertilization Under Different Land Preparation Methods and Performance of Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) in Rainforest Zone of Southern Nigeria

A field experiment was conducted on an Arenic paleudult in the rainforest zone of Southern Nigeria to determine the response of an improved variety of peanut (Arachis hypogea L. var. Samnut 23) to phosphorus, under different land preparation methods. Selected land preparation methods were “slash and burn” (SB) and “slash and mulch” (SM), and the phosphate fertilizer rates were 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg P ha-1. The experiment was laid out as a randomized complete by block design. Each land preparation was divided into plots. Macro- and micro nutrient contents of peanut plants were determined, and the growth and yield components were also assessed. Results showed that the pre planting soil analysis for the SB management had a pH of 5.77, N (1.8 gkg-1), P (2.05 mgkg-1) and K (0.11cmol (+) kg-1), while that of the SM had a pH of 5.95, N (0.9 g kg-1), P (0.86 mg kg-1) and K (0.07cmol(+)kg-1). Plant height was not significantly different (pd” 0.05) in the land preparation methods, but leaf area was significantly different. However, plant height and leaf area responded better under the SB treatment with 90 kg P ha-1 rate of phosphorus fertilizer than the SM treatment under the same rate. Fresh pod weight of 908.6kg ha-1 and dry pod weight of 558.0kg ha-1 was obtained at 60 kg P ha-1 under the SB treatment and was significantly different from all other treatments including the SM. Significant differences were also observed in the nutrient concentrations of leaves and roots. Highest leaf phosphorus content (3.502 mg kg-1) was recorded at 90kg P ha-1 in the SM treatment while the highest nutrient content of P in the roots (0.272 mg kg-1) was recorded at 30 kg P ha-1 also in the SM treatment. However, the SB treatment recorded the highest peanut seed pods / shell at 60 kg P ha-1. Generally, phosphorus fertilization under the SB management practice gave better results than the SM management practice. Keywords: groundnut, land preparation, phosphorus fertilization, Slash and burn, slash and mulch Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE [ How to Cite : Joseph SO and RO Oyibo. 2014. Phosphorus Fertilization Under Different Land Preparation Methods and Performance of Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) in Rainforest Zone of Southern Nigeria. J Trop Soils 19(1): 1-7. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2014. 19.1. 1 ] Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE [ Permalink/DOI: www.dx. doi.org/ 10.5400/jts.2014. 19.1. 1 ]
Heritage contribution in sustainable city

The concept of sustainability has been an integral part of development work since the late 1970s. Sustainability is no longer a buzzword but a reality that must be addressed by cities all over the world. Increasing empirical evidence indicates that city sustainability is not just related to technical issues, such as carbon emissions, energy consumption and waste management, or on the economic aspects of urban regeneration and growth, but also it covers social well-being of different groups living within increasingly cosmopolitan towns and cities. Heritage is seen as a major component of quality of life, features that give a city its unique character and provide the sense of belonging that lies at the core of cultural identity. In other words, heritage by providing important social and psychological benefits enrich human life with meanings and emotions, and raise quality of life as a key component of sustainability. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to examine the role that built cultural heritage can play within sustainable urban development.
A stochastic‐convective transport representation of dispersion in one‐dimensional porous media systems

A stochastic-convective transport formulation based upon solute travel time probability is presented and is shown to include Fickian transport as a special subcase. It is further demonstrated that a travel time probability associated with a lognormal distribution of hydraulic conductivity will yield concentration breakthrough curves nearly equivalent to those of Fickian transport when the coefficient of variation in travel time is sufficiently small, i.e., less than unity. When applied to column tracer experiments, the results suggest that typical laboratory-measured hydrodynamic dispersion may be ascribed to local variations in hydraulic conductivity. Moreover, stochastic-convective transport is shown to conserve solute mass under a flux boundary condition but to fail to do so under a held concentration condition. This result indicates the importance of boundary conditions for properly formulated stochastic transport. The travel time formulation is shown to provide a direct link between measured dispersivity and the autocovariance of local flow velocity variations that are a consequence of media inhomogeneity and the system boundary conditions. Dispersivity is shown to manifest a scale effect by increasing in proportion to the length of a system when the velocity correlation range is greater than that length. An expression for the effective dispersivity is derived for the case of long-range velocity correlations and is shown to represent non-Fickian behavior.
Nitrogen Mineralization and Microbial Biomass Nitrogen Dynamics in Three Alpine Tundra Communities

The alpine tundra of the Colorado Front Range supports a variety of plant communities whose distribution corresponds to their topographic position. Our objectives were to : (i) determine patterns in net N mineralization and microbial N pools among three communities, Kobresia, Acomastylis, and Carex meadows, that span a topographic gradient, and (ii) relate any patterns to soil microclimate differences among these communities. Average yearly net N mineralization rates, measured with an in situ core incubation technique, were 1.2 g N m -2 in 1991 and 1.0 g N m -2 in 1992. No differences were detected in yearly N mineralization rates among the three communities ; however, net nitrification and other soil properties were found to differ among communities. Net N mineralization rates and microbial N showed strong temporal variation, and this variation was related to different variables for each community. Seasonal variation in N mineralization was related to soil water and microbial N in Kobresia meadows, to soil temperature and microbial N in Acomastylis meadows, and to soil water and temperature in Carex meadows. Seasonal changes in microbial N were related to soil water in Kobresia and Acomastylis meadows. Large fluctuations in microbial N indicate that periodic losses from the microbial pool may be important to N availability in this alpine tundra site.
Difficult Management Problems in Dialysis

A 52-year-old man with a long history of hypertension and diabetes reached end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and hemodialysis was initiated through a Gortex arteriovenous graft. A t that time, his antihypertensive regimen included clonidine 0.2 mg every 8 hr, diltiazem cd 240 mg daily, as well as diuretics. The diuretics were stopped at the initiation of dialysis, and his baseline blood pressure was 1801105 supine, falling to 160195 while sitting. During the first f ew weeks of dialysis, 12 kg of excess fluid was removed, and the clonidine and diltiazem were tapered and discontinued. Over the ensuing f ew months, as his residual renal function was lost, the patient’s interdialytic weight gains rose to 3-4 kg despite dietary counselling, and fluid removal became increasingly dqficult. He was dialyzed under standard conditions with a blood flow of 300 cclmin using a cellulosic membrane. His predialysis blood pressure was typically 145190 with a heart rate of 72, which fell to 80165 and heart rate 72 with associated nausea and cramps shortly after negative dialysate pressure was applied. Saline infusion was often required to restore acceptable blood pressure. Some episodes were accompanied by chest pain which led to early termination of the dialysis run. This resulted in unpredictable ultrafiltration, and he gradually became more edematous. Echocardiography showed concentric left ventricular hypertrophy with impaired diastolic performance, but no pericardial effusion. Albumin infusion was considered but not used, as, with the loss of renal function, his serum albumin improved to 3.9 gldl. Isolated ultrafiltration was tried; although this was well tolerated, much of the fluid removed had to be returned during the hemodialysis session which followed, and the patient tired of adding an hour to each treatment. The addition of oxygen by nasal cannula afforded minimal benefit and the patient continued to have complications associated with hypotensive ep-
A preliminary model for 3-D rheological structure of the lithosphere in North China

Abstract3-D structures of velocity and temperature are obtained using the data of P-wave velocity and heat flow in North China (105°E—124°E, 30°N—42°N). Taking into account the effect of three main rheological mechanisms, namely friction sliding, brittle fracture and creep in the lithosphere, the 3-D structures of the rheological strength and viscosity in the lithosphere in North China are calculated. The results show that the strength and viscosity in the lithosphere have layering characteristics. Under the strain rate of 10−15 s−1, the upper part of the upper crust is in the brittle region and the lower part of the upper crust may be in the ductile region dominated by creep; the middle crust can be in the brittle region dominated by brittle fracture, or the upper layer of brittle fracture and lower layer of creep ductile; the lower crust almost is in the creep region dominated by creep. In addition, the strength varies horizontally, which has a close relationship with geotectonics. The influence of velocity structure and temperature structure on the rheological structure is discussed and some suggestions to improve the study of lithospheric rheological structure are put forward.
Fisheries Mismanagement: The Case of the North Atlantic Cod

Preface. The Tragedy of the Commons -- Once Again. 2 Norway: Oil on Troubled Waters. 3 The Faroe Islands: The Anatomy of Disaster. 4 Iceland: The End of a Golden Age? 5 Newfoundland: A Poverty Trap? 6 The Experience: Mismanagement. 7 Rights--Based Management Systems: Towards a Rational Fisheries Policy. 8 The EEZ and Common Fisheries Policy of the European Union. 9 Conclusions and Challenges. References. Index.
Observations of new particle formation in urban air

[1] Measurements are reported of particle number concentration at two urban sites within Birmingham, UK. The measurements were made with a condensation particle counter (TSI Model 3022A) and an ultrafine particle counter (TSI Model 3025) operated in tandem. Other colocated measurements included particle surface area by epiphaniometer, sulfur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen and ozone, solar radiation or JO1D, and in some campaigns, particle number size distribution by Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer. Events were identified when substantial excursions in particle number count were accompanied by a divergence between the two particle counters indicating a large number of particles in the 3–7 nm diameter range. Criteria have been developed to distinguish between particles within this size range arising from homogeneous nucleation within the atmosphere and from emissions from point sources. Out of a total of 232 days sampling distributed throughout the year, events on only 8 days could be attributed fairly unequivocally to homogeneous nucleation processes, with a further 4 days possibly attributable. Nucleation events occur in winter as well as summer months, but depend, among other things, upon a low particle surface area. Modeling of aerosol dynamical processes for 20 June 1999, indicates that the observations can be explained by a nucleation rate of 6 × 106 cm−3 s−1 at a condensable vapor concentration (as H2SO4) of 6.5 × 107 cm−3. It is inferred that both the nucleation and particle growth processes involve condensable molecules other than, or in addition to, sulfuric acid.