Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Repeatability and Agreement of Various High-Speed Macrotexture Measurement Devices

Five high-speed macrotexture measurement devices were tested on a variety of asphalt and Portland cement concrete pavement surfaces to evaluate their repeatability and their pairwise agreement. Experiments were run under three speed conditions: highway speed, varying constant speeds, and various acceleration and deceleration profiles. Data were processed and reduced per current industry standards. A novel approach for outlier removal from line laser devices was developed. The pairwise device agreement was evaluated using a limits of agreement analysis. The results demonstrate good repeatability for each of the devices tested. The agreement analysis showed that not all high-speed distance triangulation devices can be used interchangeably for all pavement surfaces. Data acquisition speed was found to be a factor in macrotexture parameter calculation for two of the five devices. The effect of speed was found to be worse on randomly textured surfaces than on transversely textured surfaces. Finally, acceleration was shown to have an effect on the parameters produced by one of the devices, giving further credence to the fact that care should be taken to gather high-quality datasets for the critical pavement characteristic of macrotexture.
Parametric study of relaminarization of turbulent boundary layers on nozzle walls

By means of comparisons between theoretical predictions and experimental data, the accuracy of a boundary procedure to predict the effect of large streamwise accelerations upon initially turbulent boundary layers is assessed. The boundary layer procedure is based upon simultaneous solution of the boundary layer partial differential equations and the integral turbulence kinetic energy equation. The results of the present investigation show the ability of the procedure to accurately predict properties of boundary layers subjected to large streamwise accelerations. The procedure is used to conduct a parametric study of the effect of free stream turbulence, heat transfer, Reynolds number, acceleration, and Mach number on boundary layers in supersonic nozzles to assist in the design of a quiet tunnel. Results of the investigation show that, even in the presence of moderate free-stream turbulence levels, the boundary layer in the approach section of the quiet tunnel nozzle relaminarizes and becomes thin enough to be removed by a small slot in the nozzle wall. Furthermore, the calculations indicate that it should be possible to maintain a laminar boundary layer for the entire length of the supersonic portion of the quiet tunnel nozzle.
Parametrization of general solutions for the Navier-Stokes equations

A method is described for constructing general solutions of the steady two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations governing the motion of a viscous incompressible liquid. The solution for the stream function is expressed in implicit parametric form containing two arbitrary complex functions or four arbitrary real functions. Introduction. To determine quantities of physical interest for the steady motion of a viscous incompressible liquid such as force, torque, pressure, boundary vorticity, or shear stress requires a solution for the fluid velocity satisfying the Navier-Stokes equations. The flow equations though quasi-linear and autonomous contain sufficient nonlinearity, through coupling of the fluid velocity and vorticity, in such a way that solutions of generality can only be found implicitly defined through the use of parametric functions; see [2], However, these implicit representations for the solutions, although not of the most desirable form, are not without interest and can be employed to investigate and simplify the boundary values of the basic flow quantities and their derivatives. The present paper addresses the problem of constructing general type solutions that are implicitly defined in terms of parametric equations. The starting point is a concise complex variable formulation; see [1] for the simplest nondegenerate form of the Navier-Stokes equations; namely, the steady two-dimensional flow equations governing the motion of viscous incompressible liquid. This complex equation contains the stream function y/ and an auxiliary real function <\> as dependent variables and has the advantages of being quasi-linear, autonomous, with the only independent variable being ~z = x iy . All three properties are used in the present analysis. The method of solution is to parametrize y and in terms of 2, -, y/2, , and this is achieved by the introduction of complex stream functions which provide nonlinear equations of Riccati type and allow explicit integration. The complex stream functions have no obvious physical significance and are used as an analytical device to determine the real physical stream function (//. In general, neither the real nor the imaginary parts of the complex stream functions are solutions of the Received April 6, 1992. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 76. ©1994 Brown University 335
Harnessing Genetic Algorithm for Vertex Cover Problem

: The problem of finding a minimum vertex cover is an NP hard optimization problem. Some approximation algorithms for the problem have been proposed but most of them are neither optimal nor complete. The work proposes the use of the theory of natural selection via Genetic Algorithms (GAs) for solving the problem. The proposed work has been tested for some constrained inputs and the results were encouraging. The paper also discusses the application of genetic algorithms to the solution and the requisite analysis. The approach presents a Genetic Algorithms based solution to a problem.
Boric Acid: A High Potential Candidate for Thermochemical Energy Storage

This paper aims to describe the capability of the system boric acid–boron oxide for thermochemical energy storage. As part of the systematic research and in-depth analysis of potential solid/gas reaction systems, performed during the last years, this reaction system appears to be highly promising for the future of worldwide sustainable energy supply. The analysis of the reaction heat, by means of thermogravimetric and macroscopic investigations, not only showed a significantly higher energy density of 2.2 GJ/m3, compared to sensible- and latent energy storages, but the reaction kinetic further demonstrated the reactions’ suitability to store energy from renewable energy and waste heat sources. This paper, therefore, shows a new approach regarding the application of the boric acid–boron oxide reaction system and elaborates on the advantages and challenges for its use as energy storage.
Dietary carbohydrate effects on histological features of ileal mucosa in White 4 Leghorn chicken OF DIETARY CARBOHYDRATE

White Leghorn chickens were divided into the control, low- 1 carbohydrate (CHO), and CHO-free groups to investigate dietary CHO’s significance 2 on histological features of chicken ileal mucosa. Paraffin sections of distal ileum 3 from each chicken were stained by periodic acid-Schiff reaction and subjected to 4 morphometrical analysis. Most villi in the control group had a fingerlike shape but 5 those of the experimental groups showed irregular shapes. Villus height, crypt depth 6 and the number of mitotic cells per crypt were significantly lower in the CHO-free 7 group than in the control group. The density of goblet cells also showed a significant 8 decreasing trend with a reduction in dietary CHO level. In conclusion, dietary CHO 9 positively affects the proliferation of epithelial cells in the chicken ileum. 10
Impact of suplementation vitamins D, C and K on osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a skeleton disease characterized by a decrease in bone mass, disturbance of their microarchitecture and reduction of bone mineral density (BMD). Decreased bone quality is manifested by a higher risk of fractures, but bone pain and lowering of growth may occur earlier, although osteoporosis may occur asymptomatically before the fracture occurs. It is a disease of older people, affects 25 to 30% of postmenopausal women, while morbidity among men over 50 is around 8%. Bone tissue is subject to continuous remodeling as a result of resorption processes (release of minerals from the tissue) regulated by osteoclast activity and bone matrix construction by absorption of mineral components to maintain quality and bone mass resistance. In this study attention will be focused on the impact of vitamin supplementation on the development of osteoporosis
Immune Response Development of an Optimal Humoral Ligand mRNA Stability Is Required for the A Posttranscriptional Pathway of CD40

CD40 ligand (CD40L) mRNA stability is dependent on an activation-induced pathway that is mediated by the binding complexes containing the multifunctional RNA-binding protein, polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTBP1) to a 3 9 untranslated region of the transcript. To understand the relationship between regulated CD40L and the requirement for variegated expression during a T-dependent response, we engineered a mouse lacking the CD40L stability element (CD40L D 5) and asked how this mutation altered multiple aspects of the humoral immunity. We found that CD40L D 5 mice expressed CD40L at 60 % wildtype levels, and lowered expression corresponded to significantly decreased levels of T-dependent Abs, loss of germinal center (GC) B cells and a disorganized GC structure. Gene expression analysis of B cells from CD40L D 5 mice revealed that genes associated with cell cycle and DNA replication were significantly downregulated and genes linked to apoptosis upregulated. Importantly, somatic hypermutation was relatively unaffected although the number of cells expressing high-affinity Abs was greatly reduced. Additionally, a significant loss of plasmablasts and early memory B cell precursors as a percentage of total GL7 + B cells was observed, indicating that differentiation cues leading to the development of post-GC subsets was highly dependent on a threshold level of CD40L. Thus, regulated mRNA stability plays an integral role in the optimization of humoral immunity by allowing for a dynamic level of CD40L expression on CD4 T cells that results in the proliferation and differentiation of pre-GC and GC B cells into functional subsets. The Journal of Immunology , 2021, 206: 2552 (cid:1) 2565.
Rule-Compliant Trajectory Repairing using Satisfiability Modulo Theories

Autonomous vehicles must comply with traffic rules. However, most motion planners do not explicitly consider all relevant traffic rules. Once traffic rule violations of an initially-planned trajectory are detected, there is often not enough time to replan the entire trajectory. To solve this problem, we propose to repair the initial trajectory by investigating the satisfiability modulo theories paradigm. This framework makes it efficient to reason whether and how the trajectory can be repaired and, at the same time, determine the part along the trajectory that can remain unchanged. Moreover, the robustness of traffic rule satisfaction is used to formulate a convex optimization problem for generating rule-compliant trajectories. We compare our approach with trajectory replanning and demonstrate its usefulness with traffic scenarios from the CommonRoad benchmark suite and recorded data. The evaluation result shows that rule-compliant trajectory repairing is computationally efficient and widely applicable.
Breathlessness in a virtual world: An experimental paradigm testing how discrepancy between VR visual gradients and pedal resistance during stationary cycling affects breathlessness perception

Introduction The sensation of breathlessness is often attributed to perturbations in cardio-pulmonary physiology, leading to changes in afferent signals. New evidence suggests that these signals are interpreted in the light of prior “expectations”. A misalignment between afferent signals and expectations may underly unexplained breathlessness. Using a novel immersive virtual reality (VR) exercise paradigm, we investigated whether manipulating an individual’s expectation of effort (determined by a virtual hill gradient) may alter their perception of breathlessness, independent from actual effort (the physical effort of cycling). Methods Nineteen healthy volunteers completed a single experimental session where they exercised on a cycle ergometer while wearing a VR headset. We created an immersive virtual cycle ride where participants climbed up 100 m hills with virtual gradients of 4%, 6%, 8%, 10% and 12%. Each virtual hill gradient was completed twice: once with a 4% cycling ergometer resistance and once with a 6% resistance, allowing us to dissociate expected effort (virtual hill gradient) from actual effort (physical effort of pedalling). At the end of each hill, participants reported their perceived breathlessness. Linear mixed effects models were used to examine the independent contribution of actual effort and expected effort to ratings of breathlessness (0-10 scale). Results Expectation of effort (effect estimate ± std. error, 0.63 ± 0.11, p<0.001) and actual effort (0.81 ± 0.21, p<0.001) independently explained subjective ratings of breathlessness, with comparable contributions of 19% and 18%, respectively. Additionally, we found that effort expectation accounted for 6% of participants’ physical effort of pedalling and was a significant, independent predictor (0.09 ± 0.03; p=0.001). Conclusions An individuals’ expectation of effort is equally important for forming perceptions of breathlessness as the actual effort required to cycle. A new VR paradigm enables this to be experimentally studied and could be used to re-align breathlessness and enhance training programmes.
Last Passage Percolation with a Defect Line and the Solution of the Slow Bond Problem

We address the question of how a localized microscopic defect, especially if it is small with respect to certain dynamic parameters, affects the macroscopic behavior of a system. In particular we consider two classical exactly solvable models: Ulam's problem of the maximal increasing sequence and the totally asymmetric simple exclusion process. For the first model, using its representation as a Poissonian version of directed last passage percolation on $\mathbb R^2$, we introduce the defect by placing a positive density of extra points along the diagonal line. For the latter, the defect is produced by decreasing the jump rate of each particle when it crosses the origin. The powerful algebraic tools for studying these processes break down in the perturbed versions of the models. Taking a more geometric approach we show that in both cases the presence of an arbitrarily small defect affects the macroscopic behavior of the system: in Ulam's problem the time constant increases, and for the exclusion process the flux of particles decreases. This, in particular, settles the longstanding Slow Bond Problem.
Language Guided Meta-Control for Embodied Instruction Following

Embodied Instruction Following (EIF) is a challenging problem requiring an agent to infer a sequence of actions to achieve a goal environment state from complex language and visual inputs. We propose a generalised Language Guided Meta-Controller (LMC) for better language grounding in the large action space of the embodied agent. We additionally propose an auxiliary reasoning loss to improve the ‘conceptual grounding’ of the agent. Our empirical validation shows that our approach outperforms strong baselines on the Execution from Dialogue History (EDH) benchmark from the TEACh benchmark
C HOICE OF C ONSTITUTIONS AND E LECTORAL S YSTEMS

The “classical” economists, Adam Smith, David Ricardo and Karl Marx clearly thought that socio-political forces were important determinants of economic development and change. In contrast, the “neoclassical”, school starting with Jevons and Walras, developed their economic theories in an institutionfree environment. Institution-free economic theory has been the dominant school of thought at least until the 1990s. There were, however, a few exceptions.
The Effect of Water-Cement Ratio on Sulfate Resistance of Self-Compacting Concrete with Bagasse Ash

Previous study showed so many factors will contribute to the durability of concrete, such as cement content, water cement ratio, admixtures to be used, compaction dan curing methods. Two types of admixtures for concrete mixture can be used, e.g. chemical admixture and mineral admixture. Materials can be categoried as mineral admixture such as fly ash, silica fume, risk husk ash, and bagasse ash. Sulfate resistance of concrete is one of the examples of chemical durability of concrete. Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) known as concrete which can flow within its self-weight and without forming honeycombing, segregation and bleeding, even with no compaction. In this experimental work, bagasse ash was used in concrete mixture as partial replacement of cement with the percentage of 10%, 15% and 20%. The variation of w/b were used e.g 0.275, 0.300 and 0.325. For the purpose to stipulate the sulfate attack on concrete, the cylinder specimen with size of 100 x 200 mm and magnesium sulfate solution with 5% and 7% molarity were used. To observe the percentage of concrete weight loss, all the specimen were immersed in this solution within 28 days. The result showed that the value of compressive strength for the specimen with w/b = 0.275 and 15% bagasse ash was up to 67.240 MPa for 28 days and 68.096 MPa for 56 days without immersion in magnesium sulfate solution. The highest percentage of concrete weight loss is 3.030% yielded from the specimen with w/b = 0.325 and 0% bagasse ash which was immersed in 7% molarity of magnesium sulfate solution.
A Qualitative Study on Nurse Facilitators of Mind-Body Skills Groups

6 Introduction. 7 Background. 9 Current Challenges in the Nursing Profession. 9 State of Burnout in the Nursing Profession. 10 Connecting Burnout and Resiliency to the Nursing Profession. 11 Understanding Empathy in Fostering Compassionate Resiliency. 12 Recommendations for Nursing Education by Healthcare Governing Bodies. 15 Literature Review. 17 A Comparative Orientation to Mindfulness, Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), and the CMBM Model. 17 Doing no Harm in Mindfulness-Based Programs (MBP) and the CMBM Model. 23 CMBM Training Program. 27 Primary Experience of CMBM Training and CMBM Certification Process. 29 Effects of Mind-Body Skills Groups (MBSGs) on Healthcare Professionals (HCPs) and Patients. 30 Impact of MBSG Courses on Culture at Georgetown University School of Medicine (GUSOM). 33 The Impact of Facilitating MBSGs Courses on Facilitators in and Around GUSOM. 36
Growing up happy: Longitudinal relations between children’s happiness and their social and academic functioning

ABSTRACT Happiness is valued as one of the most important goals in raising children, but what factors make children happy? Inspired by philosophical conceptions of ‘eudaimonia’ in life, we investigated how children’s social and academic functioning, including prosocial behaviors, peer preference, and academic achievement, may be related to happiness, over and above desire satisfaction. Participants included 2,144 children (initial ages of 9 and 10 years) in China. Two waves of longitudinal data were collected from multiple sources including self-reports, peer evaluations, and school records. Cross-lagged panel analysis indicated that prosocial behaviors, peer preference, and academic achievement predicted children’s self-reported happiness over a year, controlling for desire satisfaction. Bidirectional relations were found between peer-assessed happiness and prosocial behaviors, peer preference, and academic achievement. The results suggest that children’s happiness is linked to their social and academic functioning from middle childhood, contributing to a better understanding of the nature and development of happiness.
The Bahrain Corpus: A Multi-genre Corpus of Bahraini Arabic

In recent years, the focus on developing natural language processing (NLP) tools for Arabic has shifted from Modern Standard Arabic to various Arabic dialects. Various corpora of various sizes and representing different genres, have been created for a number of Arabic dialects. As far as Gulf Arabic is concerned, Gumar Corpus (Khalifa et al., 2016) is the largest corpus, to date, that includes data representing the dialectal Arabic of the six Gulf Cooperation Council countries (Bahrain, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, and Oman), particularly in the genre of “online forum novels”. In this paper, we present the Bahrain Corpus. Our objective is to create a specialized corpus of the Bahraini Arabic dialect, which includes written texts as well as transcripts of audio files, belonging to a different genre (folktales, comedy shows, plays, cooking shows, etc.). The corpus comprises 620K words, carefully curated. We provide automatic morphological annotations of the full corpus using state-of-the-art morphosyntactic disambiguation for Gulf Arabic. We validate the quality of the annotations on a 7.6K word sample. We plan to make the annotated sample as well as the full corpus publicly available to support researchers interested in Arabic NLP.
Differ in Humans and Mice 2 Membrane and Soluble Isoforms a IL-13R

2 Although mice have nanogram per milliliter serum levels of soluble (s) IL-13R (cid:1) 2, humans lack sIL-13R (cid:1) 2 in serum. Our data provide a mechanism for this biological divergence. In mice, discrete transcripts encoding soluble and membrane forms of IL-13R (cid:1) 2 are generated by alternative splicing. We used small interfering RNA to speciﬁcally deplete the transcript encoding membrane (mem) IL-13R (cid:1) 2 (full-length) or sIL-13R (cid:1) 2 ( (cid:2) Ex10) in murine cells. Depletion of the full-length transcript decreased memIL-13R (cid:1) 2 but had no effect on the level of sIL-13R (cid:1) 2 in cell supernatants at baseline or following cytokine stimulation. Depletion of the (cid:2) Ex10 transcript decreased sIL-13R (cid:1) 2 in supernatants at baseline and following stimulation. In contrast to mice, we were unable to ﬁnd a transcript encoding sIL-13R (cid:1) 2 in humans and siRNA-mediated depletion of full-length IL-13R (cid:1) 2 decreased both sIL-13R (cid:1) 2 and memIL-13R (cid:1) 2 in human cells. Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)/MMP-8 abolished production of sIL-13R (cid:1) 2 from human cells. Thus, sIL-13R (cid:1) 2 is derived exclusively from the memIL-13R (cid:1) 2 transcript in humans through MMPs/MMP-8 cleavage of memIL-13R (cid:1) 2, supporting
Beyond the Return: Off-policy Function Estimation under User-specified Error-measuring Distributions

Off-policy evaluation often refers to two related tasks: estimating the expected return of a policy and estimating its value function (or other functions of interest, such as density ratios). While recent works on marginalized importance sampling (MIS) show that the former can enjoy provable guarantees under realizable function approximation, the latter is only known to be feasible under much stronger assumptions such as prohibitively expressive discriminators. In this work, we provide guarantees for off-policy function estimation under only realizability, by imposing proper regularization on the MIS objectives. Compared to commonly used regularization in MIS, our regularizer is much more flexible and can account for an arbitrary user-specified distribution, under which the learned function will be close to the groundtruth. We provide exact characterization of the optimal dual solution that needs to be realized by the discriminator class, which determines the data-coverage assumption in the case of value-function learning. As another surprising observation, the regularizer can be altered to relax the data-coverage requirement, and completely eliminate it in the ideal case with strong side information.