Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sharp knee phenomenon of primary cosmic ray energy spectrum

Primary energy spectral models are tested in the energy range of 1-200 PeV using standardized extensive air shower responses from BASJE-MAS, Tibet, GAMMA and KASCADE scintillation shower arrays. Results point towards the two-component origin of observed cosmic ray energy spectra in the knee region (GAPS spectral model) consisting of a pulsar component superimposed upon rigidity-dependent power law diffuse galactic flux. The two-component energy spectral model accounts for both the sharp knee shower spectral phenomenon and observed irregularity of all-particle energy spectrum in the region of 50-100 PeV. Alternatively, tested multi-population primary energy spectra predicted by non-linear diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) models describe observed shower spectra in the knee region provided that the cutoff magnetic rigidities of accelerating particles are 6.0+/-0.3 PV and 45+/-2 PV for the first two populations respectively. Both tested spectral models confirm the predominant H-He primary nuclei origin of observed shower spectral knee. The parameters of tested energy spectra are evaluated using solutions of inverse problem on the basis of the corresponding parameterizations of energy spectra for primary H, He, O-like and Fe-like nuclei, standardized shower size spectral responses in the 550-1085 g/cm^2 atmospheric slant depth range and near vertical muon truncated size spectra detected by the GAMMA array.
Accretion in Radiative Equipartition (AiRE) Disks

Standard accretion disk theory predicts that the total pressure in disks at typical (sub-)Eddington accretion rates becomes radiation pressure dominated. However, radiation pressure dominated disks are thermally unstable. Since these disks are observed in approximate steady state over the instability timescale, our accretion models in the radiation-pressure-dominated regime (i.e., inner disk) need to be modified. Here, we present a modification to the Shakura & Sunyaev model, where the radiation pressure is in equipartition with the gas pressure in the inner region. We call these flows accretion in radiative equipartition (AiRE) disks. We introduce the basic features of AiRE disks and show how they modify disk properties such as the Toomre parameter and the central temperature. We then show that the accretion rate of AiRE disks is limited from above and below, by Toomre and nodal sonic point instabilities, respectively. The former leads to a strict upper limit on the mass of supermassive black holes as a function of cosmic time (and spin), while the latter could explain the transition between hard and soft states of X-ray binaries.
Counter-rotating vortices in miscible two-component Bose-Einstein condensates

Counter-rotating vortices in miscible two-component Bose-Einstein condensates, in which superflows counter-rotate between the two components around the overlapped vortex cores, are studied theoretically in a pancake-shaped potential. In a linear stability analysis with the Bogoliubov-de Gennes model, we show that counter-rotating vortices are dynamically unstable against splitting into multiple vortices. The instability shows characteristic behaviors as a result of countersuperflow instability, which causes relaxation of relative flows between the two components in binary condensates. The characteristic behaviors are completely different from those of multiquantum vortices in single-component Bose-Einstein condensates; the number of vortices generated by the instability can become larger than the initial winding number of the counter-rotating vortex. We also investigate the nonlinear dynamics of the instability by numerically solving the Gross-Pitaevskii equations. The nonlinear dynamics drastically changes when the winding number of counter-rotating vortices becomes larger, which lead to nucleation of vortex pairs outside of the vortex core. The instability eventually develops into turbulence after the relaxation of the relative rotation between the two components.
Radiative interaction of a focused relativistic electron beam in energy-loss spectroscopy of nanoscopic platelets

A quantum-mechanical scattering theory for relativistic, highly focused electron beams in the vacuum near nanoscopic platelets is presented, revealing an excitation mechanism due to the electron wave scattering from the platelet edges. Radiative electromagnetic excitations within the light cone are shown to arise, allowed by the breakdown of momentum conservation along the beam axis in the inelastic-scattering process. Calculated for metallic (silver and gold) and insulating (SiO{sub 2} and MgO) nanoplatelets, radiative features are revealed above the main surface-plasmon-polariton peak, and dramatic enhancements in the electron-energy-loss probability at gaps of the 'classical' spectra are found. The corresponding radiation should be detectable in the vacuum far-field zone, with e beams exploited as sensitive 'tip detectors' of electronically excited nanostructures.
A State-of-the-Art Review on The Behavior of RC Beams with Different Types of FRP Reinforcement

Nowadays, several research concerns studying the behavior of FRP reinforcement in different structural members. FRP bars have numerous advantages that make them a good alternative to steel reinforcement, such as superior mechanical properties, non-corrosivity, sustainability, and a relatively higher stiffness-to-weight ratio compared to steel reinforcement. FRP also has good fatigue characteristics, damage tolerance, nonmagnetic properties, simplicity of transportation and handling, and low energy consumption during manufacturing. This paper presents a general review of the behavior of concrete beams reinforced with different types of FRP. The effect of using the different types of FRP reinforcement on the behavior of reinforced concrete beams has been evaluated in terms of the ultimate capacity, deflection, cracking patterns, etc. In addition, this paper aims to evaluate the efficiency of using some techniques for strengthening reinforced concrete beams such as applying externally bonded CFPR or steel plates on the flexural and shear behavior of the tested beams.
A Statistical Study of Resistive Switching Parameters in Au/Ta/ZrO2(Y)/Ta2O5/TiN/Ti Memristive Devices

Variability is an inherent property of memristive devices based on the switching of resistance in a simple metal–oxide–metal structure compatible with the standard complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor fabrication process. For each specific structure, the variability should be measured and assessed as both the negative and positive factors for different applications of memristive devices. In this report, it is shown how this variability can be extracted and analyzed for such main parameters of resistive switching as the set and reset voltages/currents and how it depends on the methodology used and experimental conditions. The obtained results should be taken into account in the design and predictive simulation of memristive devices and circuits.
Xây dựng hệ thống nhận dạng hành động sử dụng cảm biến gia tốc và các phương pháp học máy trên vi điều khiển hiệu năng thấp

Hệ thống ghi nhận hoạt động của con người sử dụng cảm biến giúp hỗ trợ đánh giá tình trạng sức khỏe. Yêucầu đặt ra là hiệu suất hoạt động cao, giá cả rẻ và hoạt động theo thời gian thực ngay trên các vi điều khiển có hiệu năng thấp. Từ dữ liệu thu thập của các hành động cần trích xuất tính chất đặc trưng điển hình. Những đặc trưng này được huấn luyện để phân loại hành động. Một thiết bị gắn trên eo người được lập trình kết nối hệ thống thông qua WiFi và cho phép phân loại hành động người theo thời gian thực, đồng thời người dùng có thể giám sát hoạt động và quản lý dữ liệu trên máy tính hoặc điện thoại thông minh.
ournal of C osmology and A stroparticle hysics Dark matter in a bouncing universe

We investigate a new scenario of dark matter production in a bouncing universe, in which dark matter was produced completely out of equilibrium in the contracting as well as expanding phase. We explore possibilities of using dark matter as a probe of the bouncing universe, focusing on the relationship between a critical temperature of the bouncing universe and the present relic abundance of dark matter.
A non-BCS mechanism for superconductivity in underdoped cuprates via attraction between spin vortices

We propose a non-BCS mechanism for superconductivity in hole-underdoped cuprates based on a gauge approach to the t-J model. The gluing force is an attraction between spin vortices centered on the empty sites of two opposite Néel sublattices, leading to pairing of charge carriers. In the presence of these pairs, a gauge force coming from the single occupancy constraint induces, in turn, the pairing of the spin carriers. The combination of the charge and spin pairs gives rise to a finite density of incoherent hole pairs, leading to a finite Nernst signal as precursor to superconductivity. The true superconducting transition occurs at an even lower temperature, via a 3D XY-type transition. The main features of this non-BCS description of superconductivity are consistent with the experimental results in underdoped cuprates, especially the contour plot of the Nernst signal.
Nice work if you can get it: Labour market pathways of Belgian service voucher workers

Seen as an alternative to precarious, informal work or no job at all, several European countries have started to use tax money to boost the demand for domestic services. This article asks whether this makes sense. We consider the case of the heavily subsidized and highly popular service voucher scheme in Belgium. Close to a quarter of households there employ domestic service workers under the scheme, making it in relative terms the largest scheme of its kind in Europe. The workers employed under the scheme enjoy extensive labour and social security rights. Does the service voucher scheme provide a model to be followed if we care about labour market exclusion and precariousness or is this a case of institutionalized second-tier work? To that end we trace workers’ labour market pathways over a considerable length of time. We find that a substantial share of women find a way out of vulnerable labour market situations through the scheme. However, a very significant number enter from steady employment. This is clearly at odds with the original objective of offering a stepping stone to women with a precarious labour market position. The scheme also plays an ambivalent role in the labour market integration process of immigrant newcomers. At least in part, the Belgian scheme can be seen as a case of policy overshooting. We suggest some potential improvements.
Effect of Self-Instructional Module on Adolescent Nursing Students' Awareness regarding Endometriosis: Challenges for prevention of Future Infertility

Background: In recent years, endometriosis in the adolescent has been discovered as a challenging problem in gynecology. Endometriosis is recognized as most common cause of infertility in young women representing 1 in 10 adolescents and women of reproductive age. Raising awareness of endometriosis in adolescence is receiving increasing attention now. Aim: The present research was aimed to evaluate the effect of self-instructional module on adolescent nursing students' awareness regarding endometriosis as challenge for prevention of future infertility. Design: A quasi-experimental research design was adopted to fulfill the aim of this study. Setting: The study was conducted at faculty of nursing, Benha University. Sample : A purposive sample of three hundred and sixty four adolescent female nursing students. Tools: Data were collected through three main tools: A Structured self-administered questionnaire, Student's awareness assessment sheet regarding endometriosis and Student’s satisfaction sheet. Results: Showed that, less than one fifth of studied sample had adequate awareness score regarding endometriosis at pre-intervention phase while, about four fifths of the studied sample had adequate awareness score at post-intervention and at follow up phases (P ≤ 0.001). Also, there was no statistical significant relation between total awareness score of studied sample and all personal data (age, mothers' education, mothers' occupation, residence and family history of endometriosis) at post intervention and follow up phases p>0.05. Conclusion: The research concluded that, hypotheses of research were supported and adolescent female exhibited improving awareness about endometriosis after implementation of self-instructional module. Also, high satisfaction among adolescent students were achieved. Recommendations: Raising awareness regarding endometriosis through provision of the instructional module for all female university students.
Optical spectroscopy and the nature of the insulating state of rare-earth nickelates

Using a combination of spectroscopic ellipsometry and DC transport measurements, we determine the temperature dependence of the optical conductivity of NdNiO$_3$ and SmNiO$_{3}$ films. The optical spectra show the appearance of a characteristic two-peak structure in the near-infrared when the material passes from the metal to the insulator phase. Dynamical mean-field theory calculations confirm this two-peak structure, and allow to identify these spectral changes and the associated changes in the electronic structure. We demonstrate that the insulating phase in these compounds and the associated characteristic two-peak structure are due to the combined effect of bond-disproportionation and Mott physics associated with half of the disproportionated sites. We also provide insights into the structure of excited states above the gap.
Primordial Black Holes from the QCD Transition

Can a violent process like sudden reheating after supercooling at the onset of a first-order QCD transition improve the possibility of primordial black hole formation? Underdensities reheat earlier than overdensities, there is a short period of huge pressure differences, hence fluid acceleration. Density perturbations on scales far below the Hubble radius λ ≪ RH get an amplification which grows quadratically in wavenumber, the amplifications at the horizon scale are small. Primordial black hole formation cannot be sufficiently amplified by the QCD transition unless the initial spectrum is fine tuned.
IS THE POST-AGB STAR SAO 40039 MILDLY HYDROGEN-DEFICIENT?

We have conducted an LTE abundance analysis for SAO 40039, a warm post-AGB star whose spectrum is known to show surprisingly strong He i lines for its effective temperature and has been suspected of being H-deficient and He-rich. High-resolution optical spectra are analyzed using a family of model atmospheres with different He/H ratios. Atmospheric parameters are estimated from the ionization equilibrium set by neutral and singly ionized species of Fe and Mg, the excitation of Fe i and Fe ii lines, and the wings of the Paschen lines. On the assumption that the He i lines are of photospheric and not chromospheric origin, a He/H ratio of approximately unity is found by imposing the condition that the adopted He/H ratio of the model atmosphere must equal the ratio derived from the observed He i triplet lines at 5876, 4471, and 4713 Å, and singlet lines at 4922 and 5015 Å. Using the model with the best-fitting atmospheric parameters for this He/H ratio, SAO 40039 is confirmed to exhibit mild dust–gas depletion, i.e., the star has an atmosphere deficient in elements of high condensation temperature. The star appears to be moderately metal-deficient with [Fe/H] = −0.4 dex. But the star's intrinsic metallicity as estimated from Na, S, and Zn, elements of a low condensation temperature, is [Fe/H]o ≃ −0.2 ([Fe/H]o refers to the star's intrinsic metallicity). The star is enriched in N and perhaps O as well, changes reflecting the star's AGB past and the event that led to He enrichment.
AGN feedback in clusters: Shock and sound heating

Observations support the view that feedback, in the form of radio outbursts from active nuclei in central galaxies, prevents catastro-phic cooling of gas and rapid star formation in many groups and clusters of galaxies. Variations in jet power drive a succession of weak shocks that can heat regions close to the active galactic nuclei (AGN). On larger scales, shocks fade into sound waves. The Braginskii viscosity determines a well-defined sound damping rate in the weakly magnetised intracluster medium (ICM) that can provide sufficient heating on larger scales. It is argued that weak shocks and sound dissipation are the main means by which radio AGN heat the ICM, in which case, the power spectrum of AGN outbursts plays a central role in AGN feedback. (© 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fractional quantum Hall effect in bilayer graphene beyond the single Landau level approximation

Bilayer graphene has been predicted to give unprecedented tunability of the electron-electron interaction with the help of external parameters, allowing one to stabilize different fractional quantum Hall states. Recent experimental works make theoretical analysis of such systems extremely relevant. In this paper we describe a methodology for investigating the possibility of realizing specific fractional quantum Hall states in bilayer graphene taking into account polarization effects and virtual interband transitions. We apply this methodology to explore the possibility of realizing the Moore-Read Pfaffian state in bilayer graphene.
Persistent Neopharynx Pseudomonas Infection After a Sealed Anastomotic Leak Post Total Laryngectomy

Total laryngectomy (TL) is the treatment of choice for advanced glottic cancer. Post-operative complications can be debilitating for patients, family members and healthcare workers. Complications following TL have been reported in many studies, with pharyngocutaneous fistula and wound infection being the most common. Identifying the risk factors that may give rise to these complications is vital to minimise post-operative morbidity. We present the case of a 62-year-old male who underwent salvage TL following radiation therapy for recurrent glottic carcinoma. The patient developed diffuse submental swelling upon the commencement of oral feeding. A flexible nasopharyngolaryngoscopy revealed a sloughy area at the neopharynx, with the finding of a sealed anastomotic leak on a repeat barium swallow study. We report persistent Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection following salvage TL, after a sealed anastomotic leak.
Structural transitions of nearly second order in classical dipolar gases

Particles with repulsive power-law interactions undergo a transition from a single to a double chain (zigzag) by decreasing the confinement in the transverse direction. We theoretically characterize this transition when the particles are classical dipoles, polarized perpendicularly to the plane in which the motion occurs, and argue that this transition is of first order, even though weakly. The nature of the transition is determined by the coupling between transverse and axial modes of the chain and contrasts with the behaviour found in Coulomb systems, where the linear-zigzag transition is continuous and belongs to the universality class of the ferromagnetic transition. Our results hold for classical systems with power-law interactions $1/r^\alpha$ when $\alpha > 2$, and show that structural transitions in dipolar systems and Rydberg atoms can offer the testbed for simulating the critical behaviour of magnets with lattice coupling.
SONOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF INTIMA-MEDIA THICKNESS OF CAROTID ARTERIES - A REVIEW OF LITERATURE

We conducted a systematic review of the literature that has examined carotid arteries using ultrasonography in order to better explain the association between diabetes, hypertension, and intima-media thickness (IMT). The goal of this study was also to get a precise evaluation of increasing intima-media thickness predictive value for clinical cardiovascular outcomes. From 2000 through 2021, we searched the Google Scholar, NCBI, PubMed, and Medscape databases. The following essential keywords were looked up: ultrasound of carotid arteries, ultrasound of common carotid arteries intima-media thickness, and carotid IMT in diabetes and hypertension. Of the 135 retained studies the percentage of detection was used to calculate the diseases that affect intima–media thickness. As a result following were the causes that alter intima–media thickness: diabetes and hypertension at 81.4 % and 80 % respectively. Coronary artery disease at 21.4%, dyslipidemia and stroke at 14.8% and 5.2% respectively. Microalbuminuria at 3%. However, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) at an equal effect of 2.2%, MI at 1.5%. Breast arterial calcification, polycystic kidneys and glomerulonephritis at an equal effect of 0.7%. In conclusion, patients with hypertension and diabetes are most at risk of developing coronary artery disease.
Defects and bulk perturbations of boundary Landau-Ginzburg orbifolds

We propose defect lines as a useful tool in the study of bulk perturbations of conformal field theory, in particular in the analysis of the induced renormalisation group flows of boundary conditions. As a concrete example we study bulk perturbations of N = 2 supersymmetric minimal models. To these perturbations we associate a special class of defects between the respective UV and IR theories, whose fusion with boundary conditions indeed reproduces the behaviour of the latter under the corresponding RG flows.
The Planck SZ Cluster Catalog: Expected X-ray Properties

Surveys based on the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect provide a fresh view of the galaxy cluster population, one that is complementary to X-ray surveys. To better understand the relation between these two kinds of survey, we construct an empirical cluster model using scaling relations constrained by current X-ray and SZ data. We apply our model to predict the X-ray properties of the Planck SZ Cluster Catalog (PCC) and compare them to existing X-ray cluster catalogs. We find that Planck should significantly extend the depth of the previous all-sky cluster survey, performed in the early 1990s by the ROSAT satellite, and should be particularly effective at finding hot, massive clusters (T > 6 keV) out to redshift unity. These are rare objects, and our findings suggest that Planck could increase the observational sample at z > 0.6 by an order of magnitude. This would open the way for detailed studies of massive clusters out to these higher redshifts. Specifically, we find that the majority of newly-detected Planck clusters should have X-ray fluxes 10^{-13} ergs/s/cm^2 < f_X[0.5-2 keV] < 10^{-12} ergs/s/cm^2, i.e., distributed over the decade in flux just below the ROSAT All Sky Survey limit. This is sufficiently bright for extensive X-ray follow-up campaigns. Once Planck finds these objects, XMM-Newton and \textit{Chandra} could measure temperatures to 10% for a sample of ~ 100 clusters in the range 0.5 < z < 1, a valuable increase in the number of massive clusters studied over this range.
Enhancing the stability of a fractional Chern insulator against competing phases

We construct a two-band lattice model whose bands can carry the Chern numbers C=0,pm1,pm2. By means of numerical exact diagonalization, we show that the most favorable situation that selects fractional Chern insulators (FCIs) is not necessarily the one that mimics Landau levels, namely a flat band with Chern number 1. First, we find that the gap, measured in units of the on-site electron-electron repulsion, can increase by almost two orders of magnitude when the bands are flat and carry a Chern number C=2 instead of C=1. Second, we show that giving a width to the bands can help to stabilize a FCI. Finally, we put forward a tool to characterize the real-space density profile of the ground state that is useful to distinguish FCI from other competing phases of matter supporting charge density waves or phase separation.