Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
scientific and religious

We explored the role of parental testimony in children’s developing beliefs about the ontological status of typically unobservable phenomena. US parents and their 5-to 7-year-old children (N = 25 dyads) separately rated their confidence in the existence of scientific and religious unobservable entities (e.g., germs, angels), and were invited to engage in an unmoderated dyadic conversation about the entities. Both parents and children were more confident in the existence of the scientific entities compared to the religious entities. Parental religiosity predicted the strength of their belief in the religious entities, and these beliefs were positively associated with their children’s judgements in the domain of religion. We coded parental testimony produced during the unmoderated conversation for a number of subtle linguistic cues that convey their confidence and prevailing beliefs in an entity’s existence . The results revealed consistent cross-domain differences: parents expressed more uncertainty , were more likely to mention variation in people’s beliefs and make explicit claims about the ontological status of the religious, as compared to the scientific entities. However, with increasing religiosity, parents produced fewer cues to uncertainty, mentioned belief variation less often, and were more likely to make claims of endorsement when talking about the religious unobservables. Importantly, the pattern of linguistic cues in parental testimony was significantly associated with children’s ontological judgements. The present findings have implications for understanding the socio-cultural mechanisms by which confidence in the existence of invisible agents and processes develops in childhood.
Edinburgh Research Explorer A systematic review on the effect of ICT on social support measures in healthcare

Background: With increased popularity in the use of ICT in healthcare to provide support to individuals, it is imperative to investigate the impact of ICT on social support measures in health and social care. Objective: This study aims to review literature on the effectiveness of ICT-based tools and intervention on social support measures with reference to health and illness. Methods: Relevant databases (PubMed\MEDLINE, clinicaltrials.gov and Cochrane Library) were systematically searched using a combination of key search terms. To be included in the review, studies had to be published in English language, involve human subjects, be published between 2000 and 2017, apply ICT intervention on a health-related condition and report the effect of ICT on social support measures. Results: The database search returned 4020 articles. After screening, 30 eligible papers were selected for the review. The studies were quite heterogeneous in terms of study design, age of participants, reported outcome, outcome measuring tool and health condition of participants. 20% of included studies were rated as low quality evidence, with a high risk of research bias. Over 75% of reviewed studies reported positive impact of ICT on social support measures. The results show that ICT interventions have a statistically significant positive impact on social support measures. Social network was found to be the ICT intervention with the most impact on social support measures. Conclusion: There is need for more high quality research on the effect of ICT on social support measures. The results of this systematic review suggest that ICT could effectively provide social support to individuals, although the degree of its effect could depend on the nature of ICT tool used and the well-being status of individuals. Further work in the use of ICT to provide social support for preventive healthcare is recommended. Also, more research investigating the effect of using Smartphone-based instant messaging applications (such as WhatsApp and Snapchat) and virtual reality technology on social support is encouraged.
Estudio petrológico del complejo plutónico de Valencia del Ventoso (Badajoz)

El Complejo Plutonico de Valencia del Ventoso esta emplazado en el nucleo del antiforma de Monesterio, Zona de Ossa Morea. Este macizo esta integrado por los stocks de Medina de las Torres (SMT), Valencia del Ventoso (SVV) y Pozuelo (SP), por el pluton de valencia del Ventoso (PVV) y dos cortejos filonianos diferentes, uno procedente de los liquidos mas evolucionados de los cuerpos plutonicos y otro con mayor desarrollo que atraviesa el CPVV, extendiendose por el encajante. En el PVV, que intruye a los stocks, se diferencia en la parte central una unidad basica (UB), que esta rodeada e intruida por una unidad acida (UCA). Los stocks integran facies basicas e intermedias que muestran estructuras masivas y acumulativas. Son rocas cafemicas calcoalcalinas magnesianas con neta tendencia monzonitica y contenidos medios a altos en K. La UB integra gabros y cuarzodioritas moderadamente alcalinos, cafemicos monzoniticos ricos en K, que definen asociaciones magnesianas a ligeramente ferriferas. La UA esta constituida por rocas intermedias a acidas, cafemicas monozniticas ferriferas y con contenidos altos en K. Las aplitas s.l. tambien se integran n la serie definida pro los stocks y la UA, aunque en ellas prevalece el caracter peraluminoso. El conjunto de manifestaciones filonianas no restringidas espacialmente al CPVV incluye una gran variedad de litologias moderadamente alcalinas, que forman un asociacion cafemica monzonitica ferrifera, con contenidos en K moderados a shoshniticos. El CPVV proviene de la fusion de una lherzolita con espinela modificada por fluidos y fundidos derivados de la corteza oceanica y de los sedimentos subducidos. Una fuerte alterantiva es la mezcla de una lherzolita con espinela + anfibolitas + sedimentos (e.g. 8:1:1). El origen de esta fuente esta intimamente relacionada con la subduccion Devono-Carbonifera. Variaciones en las condiciones de fusion dan lugar a dos tipos de magmas parentales; un
Chemical Methodologies

In the present paper, bovine serum albumin (BSA) was studied for extraction case from a buffer solution through a new version of modified magnetic chitosan nanocomposite. Post-modification of this magnetic chitosan led to conversion of amine groups to dithiocarbamate on the surface of chitosan which was wrapped to superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION). Chitosan was converted to magnetic chitosan over co-precipitation of Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ under alkali conditions. Amines of chitosan were also converted to dithiocarbamate over the reaction of carbon disulfide. Study of the synthesized support in BSA extraction was achieved in further experiments.
Cleaning up the Brickyard: How Theory and Methodology Shape Experiments in Cognitive Neuroscience of Language

Abstract The capacity for language is a defining property of our species, yet despite decades of research, evidence on its neural basis is still mixed and a generalized consensus is difficult to achieve. We suggest that this is partly caused by researchers defining “language” in different ways, with focus on a wide range of phenomena, properties, and levels of investigation. Accordingly, there is very little agreement among cognitive neuroscientists of language on the operationalization of fundamental concepts to be investigated in neuroscientific experiments. Here, we review chains of derivation in the cognitive neuroscience of language, focusing on how the hypothesis under consideration is defined by a combination of theoretical and methodological assumptions. We first attempt to disentangle the complex relationship between linguistics, psychology, and neuroscience in the field. Next, we focus on how conclusions that can be drawn from any experiment are inherently constrained by auxiliary assumptions, both theoretical and methodological, on which the validity of conclusions drawn rests. These issues are discussed in the context of classical experimental manipulations as well as study designs that employ novel approaches such as naturalistic stimuli and computational modeling. We conclude by proposing that a highly interdisciplinary field such as the cognitive neuroscience of language requires researchers to form explicit statements concerning the theoretical definitions, methodological choices, and other constraining factors involved in their work.
Socioeconomic Disparities for Healthcare Utilization of Senior Adult Falls in Southeast Wisconsin, 2020-2022

Background: To examine the social determinant factors of the healthcare utilizations for senior patients with history of falls. Methods: We analyzed effects of socioeconomic factors on the utilization rate of healthcare in a tertiary care center including 495,041 senior adults. We included Zip Code Tabulation Areas to measure socioeconomic factors on a community level. Cohort group comparison and multiple linear regression models evaluated the association between healthcare services utilization and age, sex, education, race, insurance type, distance, and income levels. Results: Patients with a history of falls were older than those without a history of falls (79.4, standard error = 12.1 vs. 75.4, standard error = 11.6 years old), predominantly female (odds ratio [OR]: 1.26, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.24-1.28), white (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.32-1.38). Patients with a fall history were predominantly retired (OR: 2.53, 95% CI: 2.49-2.58), publicly insured (OR: 2.88, 95% CI: 2.82-2.93), and more likely to require an interpreter during a hospital visit (OR: 2.40, 95% CI: 2.35-2.44). Using a geospatial analysis, healthcare utilization was higher in areas close to the care center. A regression model showed that a community median income, private insurance rate, and college education rate were positively associated with healthcare utilization. Conclusions: Lower utilization of healthcare is associated with disadvantaged neighborhood social conditions, including under-insured status, residing far from a hospital, lower education, and lower income. We revealed the current inequities and disparities in the healthcare of senior adult fall patients in Southeast Wisconsin.
The cell‐specific roles of Nrf2 in acute and chronic phases of ischemic stroke

Abstract Ischemic stroke refers to the sudden loss of blood flow in a specific area of the brain. It is the fifth leading cause of mortality and the leading cause of permanent disability. The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) controls the production of several antioxidants and protective proteins and it has been investigated as a possible pharmaceutical target for reducing harmful oxidative events in brain ischemia. Each cell type exhibits different roles and behaviors in different phases post‐stroke, which is comprehensive yet important to understand to optimize management strategies and goals for care for stroke patients. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the protective effects of Nrf2 in experimental ischemic stroke, emphasizing the role of Nrf2 in different cell types including neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and endothelial cells during acute and chronic phases of stroke and providing insights on the neuroprotective role of Nrf2 on each cell type throughout the long term of stroke care. We also highlight the importance of targeting Nrf2 in clinical settings while considering a variety of important factors such as age, drug dosage, delivery route, and time of administration.
Persistence of selected ammonium- and phosphonium-based ionic liquids in urban park soil microcosms

Knowledge about biodegradability of ionic liquids (ILs) in terrestrial systems is limited. Here, using urban park soil microcosms spiked with either ammonium- or phosphonium-based ILs we studied their (i) compounds and/or their metabolites, and their negligible or small toxicity to soil microorganisms. Our results suggest the potential for persistence of the four studied ILs in urban park soils.
Ice triaxial deformation and fracture

Abstract An experimental investigation into the mechanical behaviour of polycrystalline ice in triaxial compression has been conducted using conditions generally favourable to brittle fracture and microcracking. Under triaxial stresses at high strain rate, ice failure occurs by abrupt shear fracturing, generally inclined at about 45° to the maximum principal stress. At −20°C, such failure is suppressed by the imposition of a small confining pressure, allowing a transition to ductile-type flow accompanied by distributed microcracking, but at —40°C shear fracture persists under confinement of up to at least 50 MPa. For low confining pressures (< 10 MPa), brittle strength is strongly pressure-dependent; above this it is pressure-independent. Evidence is presented that suggests this may reflect a change from a fracture process influenced by friction to fracture initiated by localized yielding. Ductile yield strength is found to be little influenced by confining pressure despite the inhibition of cracking that leads to greatly contrasting observed crack densities. Flow conforms to the well-known power law for ice with Q = 69 J mol−1 and n = 4.2 over the temperature range −20° to −4-5° C Under these conditions, microcracking in ice appears to remain remarkably stable and non-interacting.
Methods for Estimating Bicycling and Walking in Washington State

This report presents the work performed in the first and second phases in the process of creating a method to calculate Bicycle and Pedestrian Miles Traveled (BMT/PMT) for the state of Washington. First, the authors recommend improvements to the existing Washington State Bicycle and Pedestrian Documentation Program to provide data for BMT/PMT estimates, including expanding the program geographically and installing permanent automated bicycle and pedestrian counters to complement the short duration count program. The method to estimate BMT/PMT relies on the assumption of a stratified random sample drawn from the set of all roads and paths divided into 16 groups. These groups are based on three spatial attributes, which were gathered from a review of the literature: (1) Level of urbanism (two categories): Urban and Rural; (2) Facility type (two categories): Highway/Arterial and Other; and (3) Geographic/climatic regions (four regions): Coast Range, Puget Lowland, Cascades, Eastern Washington This report describes the first steps being taken toward the goal of computing this metric. Count data from Seattle, Olympia, and the State’s Count Program have been gathered. To account for temporal variation, seasonal, daily and hourly adjustment factors have been computed based on one year of count data collected from the Fremont Bridge in Seattle. The short duration count sites have been grouped by the attributes described above, though most fall into just two groups: Puget Lowland Urban Arterial/Highway and Puget Lowland Urban Local/Collector/Path. Little or no data are available in most of the other groups. The roads in the state have also been divided into these 16 groups in order to compute total centerline miles for each group. This report outlines a sample-based method that could be used to compute BMT/PMT for the state and identifies both the data available for such a computation as well as the data gaps. It also suggests other methods that could also be used to estimate BMT/PMT to compare to the count-based method.
Mean-variance-skewness Portfolio Selection Model in General Uncertain Environment

The aim of this paper is to develop mean-variance-skewness portfolio selection models in uncertain environment. Here the returns of the securities are assumed to be uncertain variables that cannot be estimated by randomness or fuzziness. The model in uncertain environment is formulated as a non-linear programming model based on uncertain programming approaches proposed by Liu in 2007. Since there is no efficient solution method to solve the proposed model, assuming the returns as some special uncertain variables, the original portfolio selection model is transformed into equivalent deterministic model that can be solved by any state-of-the-art solution methodology. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by numerical example extracted from Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). Security returns are considered in the form of triangular uncertain variables. Zimmermann's fuzzy goal programming method is used for solution.
Ownership and Skepticism toward Out-groups in Virtual Communities

Consumers often look to virtual communities for knowledge and support in overcoming the challenges they face. This article examines the role of emotional support in virtual communities that help participants to cope with personal challenges such as healthcare, financial or legal matters. It examines the potential for peer to peer emotional support experienced in virtual communities to generate skepticism toward related out-groups such as doctors and drug companies. It also examines the degree to which corporate ownership of the virtual community reduces the degree to which emotional support generates skepticism toward out-groups. Guided by predictions of social identity theory, we use data from 270 regular participants in healthcare virtual communities to show that emotional support does generate skepticism toward out-groups. However, we find that this effect is reversed when the virtual community is reported by participants to be corporate owned. We offer guidance to public policy makers on the potential negative consequences of skepticism and we provide advice to managers on how to counter skepticism and improve community stickiness.
The wildland-urban interface fire problem: A consequence of the fire exclusion paradigm

The fire destruction of hundreds of homes associated with wildfires has occurred in the United States for more than a century. From 1870 to 1920, massive wildfires occurred principally in the Lake States but also elsewhere. Wildfires such as Peshtigo (Wisconsin, 1871), Michigan (1881), Hinckley (Minnesota, 1894), Adirondack (New York, 1903), the Big Blowup (Idaho-Montana, 1910), and Cloquet (Minnesota, 1918) extended across millions of acres, destroying towns and causing several thousand civilian fatalities. This period produced significantly greater destruction of property and lives than has occurred in the past fifty years. More recently, the home destruction problem related to wildfires became nationally recognized in 1985 and has become known as the wildland-urban interface (WUI) fire problem. The initial fire management response to the WUI fire problem, principally organized by the U.S. Forest Service and the National Fire Protection Association, resulted in the 1986 Wildfire Strikes Home conference. The current nationally supported Firewise program developed out of that initiative. Since 2000, federal and state wildland fire management policy has recognized the WUI fire problem as a principal issue in a number of documents including the National Fire Plan (2000), Federal Wildland Fire Management Policy (2001), 10-Year Comprehensive Strategy (2001), and the Healthy Forests Restoration Act (2003).
Trace gas responses in a climate change experiment in northern peatlands

We established 54 mesocosms of 2.2 m{sup 2} and approximately 0.6 m depth with intact vegetation communities, with half originating from a poor-intermediate fen and half from a bog in northern Minnesota. The mesocosms were subjected to a series of water-table (0,-10,-20 cm) and heating treatments, with the heating treatments from overhead infrared lamps (full on, half on, ambient). Heating began in late summer 1994, and gas flux measurements were taken until the onset of winter. The first year results indicate peatland type and water-table treatment had highly significant effects on CH{sub 4} emissions, while the effect of heating treatment was weaker (P=0.07). Overall CH{sub 4} fluxes were higher in bog than in fen mesocosms. Despite the significant treatment effects, a multiple regression with water-table depth and soil temperature as the independent variables only predicted 14% and 34% of the variation in CH{sub 4} flux in the bog and fen mesocosms, respectively. CO{sub 2} emissions (net ecosystem respiration) were significantly affected by peatland type (higher in bogs) and heat treatment, but not but by water-table treatment. Soil temperature predicted 34% and 48% of the CO{sub 2} flux in the bog and fen mesocosms, respectively. These preliminary results indicate that climatemore » change will have a significant impact on trace gas emissions in northern peatlands, but that much of the variability in emission cannot be explained by environmental correlates, even under carefully controlled conditions. « less
Tele-Neuropsychology: From Science to Policy to Practice.

OBJECTIVE The primary aim of this paper is to accelerate the number of randomized experimental studies of the reliability and validity in-home tele-neuropsychological testing (tele-np-t). METHOD We conducted a critical review of the tele-neuropsychology literature. We discuss this research in the context of the United States' public and private healthcare payer systems, including the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) and Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) coding system's telehealth lists, and existing disparities in healthcare access. RESULTS The number of tele-np publications has been stagnant since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. There are less published experimental studies of tele-neuropsychology (tele-np), and particularly in-home tele-np-t, than other tele-np publications. There is strong foundational evidence of the acceptability, feasibility, and reliability of tele-np-t, but relatively few studies of the reliability and validity of in-home tele-np-t using randomization methodology. CONCLUSIONS More studies of the reliability and validity of in-home tele-np-t using randomization methodology are necessary to support inclusion of tele-np-t codes on the CMS and CPT telehealth lists, and subsequently, the integration and delivery of in-home tele-np-t services across providers and institutions. These actions are needed to maintain equitable reimbursement of in-home tele-np-t services and address the widespread disparities in healthcare access.
Perineuronal net degradation rescues CA2 plasticity in Rett syndrome model mice

Perineuronal nets (PNNs), a specialized form of extracellular matrix, are abnormal in the human brain of Rett syndrome (RTT). We previously reported that PNNs function to restrict synaptic plasticity in hippocampal area CA2, which is unusually resistant to long-term potentiation (LTP) and has been linked to social learning in mice. Here we reported that PNNs appear elevated in area CA2 of a human RTT hippocampus and that PNNs develop precociously and remain elevated in area CA2 of a mouse model of RTT (Mecp2-null). Further, we provided evidence that LTP could be induced at CA2 synapses prior to PNN maturation (postnatal day 8-11) in wildtype mice and that this window of plasticity was prematurely restricted at CA2 synapses in Mecp2-null mice. Degrading PNNs in Mecp2-null hippocampus was sufficient to rescue the premature disruption of CA2 plasticity. We identified several molecular targets that were altered in the developing Mecp2-null hippocampus that may explain aberrant PNNs and CA2 plasticity, and we discovered that CA2 PNNs are negatively regulated by neuronal activity. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that CA2 PNN development is regulated by Mecp2 and identified a novel window of hippocampal plasticity that is disrupted in a mouse model of RTT. Research Development Neuroscience