Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improved methods and uncertainty analysis in the calibration of the spring constant of an atomic force microscope cantilever using static experimental methods

There are many published methods to calibrate the spring constant of an atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilever needed for quantitative force measurement. Each method has its own merits and falls within three broad categories: dimensional, static experimental and dynamic experimental. We report, here, improved static experimental methods using a one- or a two-step calibration process using readily available equipment. The one-step method uses either a nanoindenter on cantilever method or dimensional means and the two-step method uses the first step to calibrate a reference cantilever which is then used for a cantilever on reference cantilever approach relevant to laboratories with many AFMs. For both static experimental methods, multi-positional methods using four or five positions along the cantilever are described and shown in practice to have lower uncertainty than a one-position method. Full uncertainties in all the methods are discussed and shown to be dominated by the uncertainty in the first step demonstrated here with a standard uncertainty of 8%, although this could be reduced to 5%. In the second, cantilever on reference cantilever step only a further 0.6% is added in quadrature.
Role of kshara (an alkali preparation) in wound healing with special reference to cervical erosion

Cervical erosion is caused by the replacement of the stratified squamous epithelium of the ectocervix with the endocervical columnar epithelium. In Ayurvedic classics, it can be co-related to garbhashayagrivagatavrana . Its management mainly includes destruction of overgrown epithelium by different techniques has its own limitations and side effects. Further observing its prevalence there is a requirement for a treatment modality which is more efficient and cost-effective. Kshara which possesses lekhana (scrapping), vrana - shodhana (wound cleansing), and ropana (wound healing) properties as described in Ayurveda, provides a scientific background of the therapeutic application in the management. Different review works revealed the potential use of kshara on wound healing due to its alkalinity which maintain the body pH within the normal range and thus maintains different cellular and extracellular function. Therefore, kshara is found to be an important preparation that has been investigated for its gynecological uses by different scholars.
Development and in-vitro evaluation of Etoricoxib loaded Transdermal Film containing MWCNT

Nanocomposites are materials that integrate either a unit of nanoscale material or multi-units of nanoscale material into a matrix of a standard substance. The main purpose of the current study is to fabricate and evaluate nanocomposite transdermal films of Etoricoxib. The transdermal films of etoricoxib were developed with a mixture of polymers viz. Eudragit RL-100 and HPMC K4M, with or without different percentages of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT, 1, 3, 5, and 10%, w/w of total polymer) using solvent casting method. Various parameters including FT-IR, DSC, drug content, folding endurance, moisture content, moisture uptake, water vapour permeability (WVP), and in-vitro drug release employing Franz diffusion cell were assessed for the prepared films. The absence of interaction between the drug and polymers was confirmed by FT-IR and DSC studies. The thickness of the resulted films was within the range of 0.33±2.76 µm to 0.43±2.76 µm. The weights of prepared films were between 85.1±1.3 mg to 85.15±0.8 mg. The drug content was measured to be between 4.486 and 5.993 mg. The folding endurance of the developed films ranged from 237.33±7.8 to 342±6.5. The moisture content (%) was between 5.91 ± 1.2% and 8.84 ± 4.0%, whereas the percent moisture uptake of prepared films was observed to be between 8.23 ± 2.1% and 12.38 ±3.6%. The WVP of films was found to be 97.08 ± 0.57 g/m 2 /day to 194.17 ± 0.81 g/m 2 /day. In-vitro release studies revealed that formulation F4 prepared with an equal amount (50:50) of Eudragit RL-100 and HPMC K4M, and 5% MWCNT shows the highest drug release after 24 hr of study.The above results imply that the nanocomposite films could be an effective tool for transdermal delivery of etoricoxib and could act as a better prospect in replacing the oral dosage form.
Motion of drops on inclined surfaces in the inertial regime

Abstract We present experimental results on high-Reynolds-number motion of partially non-wetting liquid drops on inclined plane surfaces using: (i) water on fluoro-alkyl silane (FAS)-coated glass; and (ii) mercury on glass. The former is a high-hysteresis ( $3{5}^{\circ } $ ) surface while the latter is a low-hysteresis one ( ${6}^{\circ } $ ). The water drop experiments have been conducted for capillary numbers $0. 0003\lt Ca\lt 0. 0075$ and for Reynolds numbers based on drop diameter $137\lt Re\lt 3142$ . The ranges for mercury on glass experiments are $0. 0002\lt Ca\lt 0. 0023$ and $3037\lt Re\lt 20\hspace{0.167em} 069$ . It is shown that when $Re\gg 1{0}^{3} $ for water and $Re\gg 10$ for mercury, a boundary layer flow model accounts for the observed velocities. A general expression for the dimensionless velocity of the drop, covering the whole $Re$ range, is derived, which scales with the modified Bond number ( $B{o}_{m} $ ). This expression shows that at low $Re$ , $Ca\sim B{o}_{m} $ and at large $Re$ , $Ca \sqrt{Re} \sim B{o}_{m} $ . The dynamic contact angle ( ${\theta }_{d} $ ) variation scales, at least to first-order, with $Ca$ ; the contact angle variation in water, corrected for the hysteresis, collapses onto the low- $Re$ data of LeGrand, Daerr & Limat (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 541, 2005, pp. 293–315). The receding contact angle variation of mercury has a slope very different from that in water, but the variation is practically linear with $Ca$ . We compare our dynamic contact angle data to several models available in the literature. Most models can describe the data of LeGrand et al. (2005) for high-viscosity silicon oil, but often need unexpected values of parameters to describe our water and mercury data. In particular, a purely hydrodynamic description requires unphysically small values of slip length, while the molecular-kinetic model shows asymmetry between the wetting and dewetting, which is quite strong for mercury. The model by Shikhmurzaev (Intl J. Multiphase Flow, vol. 19, 1993, pp. 589–610) is able to group the data for the three fluids around a single curve, thereby restoring a certain symmetry, by using two adjustable parameters that have reasonable values. At larger velocities, the mercury drops undergo a change at the rear from an oval to a corner shape when viewed from above; the corner transition occurs at a finite receding contact angle. Water drops do not show such a clear transition from oval to corner shape. Instead, a direct transition from an oval shape to a rivulet appears to occur.
Piezoelectric tip‐sample distance control for near field optical microscopes

An aluminum coated tapered optical fiber is rigidly attached to one of the prongs of a high Q piezoelectric tuning fork. The fork is mechanically dithered at its resonance frequency (33 kHz) so that the tip amplitude does not exceed 0.4 nm. A corresponding piezoelectric signal is measured on electrodes appropriately placed on the prongs. As the tip approaches within 20 nm above the sample surface a 0.1 nN drag force acting on the tip causes the signal to reduce. This signal is used to position the optical fiber tip to about 0 to 25 nm above the sample. Shear forces resulting from the tip‐sample interaction can be quantitatively deduced.
Nonlinear observer for a class of mechanical systems

The problem of designing an observer for a particular class of nonlinear mechanical systems is investigated. For this class, the error between the state of the system and the state of the observer is described by a linear differential equation with an output-dependent dynamical matrix. Existence conditions are derived on the basis of a known result on the stability of slowly varying systems. An an example, a simple flexible mechanical structure is presented. <<ETX>>
Stabilization on null controllable region of delta operator systems subject to actuator saturation

This paper focuses on stabilization on null controllable region of delta operator systems subject to actuator saturation via constructing suitable controllers. Under a saturated linear feedback law, a set of stable equilibrium points is obtained for the delta operator system with actuator saturation. A comprehensive controller is given to show global stabilization of the delta operator system. Thereby, semi‐global stabilization of the delta operator system is also achieved. For higher‐order systems with no more than two unstable exponentially poles, a new feedback law is constructed to achieve semi‐global stabilization on the null controllable region. Finally, three examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed techniques. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SOME RECENT APPLICATIONS OF THE THEORY OF LINEAR INEQUALITIES TO EXTREMAL COMBINATORIAL ANALYSIS

Refractory shell molds are made by a method including the steps of forming a shell investment mold over a wax pattern, freezing the mold and pattern to a temperature in the vicinity of about -100 DEG F. whereby the pattern shrinks more than the mold to provide a slight gap between the pattern and the mold and then immediately placing the mold and pattern in a heated environment whereby the pattern is removed by melting without cracking or otherwise damaging the mold.
Radiative properties of high wire number tungsten arrays with implosion times up to 250 ns

High wire number, 25-mm-diameter tungsten wire arrays have been imploded on the 8-MA Saturn generator [R. B. Spielman et al., AIP Conference Proceeding 195, 3 (American Institute of Physics, Woodbury, NY 1989)], operating in a long-pulse mode. By varying the mass of the arrays from 710 to 6140 μg/cm, implosion times of 130–250 ns have been obtained with implosion velocities of 50–25 cm/μs, respectively. These Z-pinch implosions produced plasmas with millimeter diameters that radiated 600–800 kJ of x-rays, with powers of 20–49 TW; the corresponding pulsewidths were 19–7.5 ns, with risetimes ranging from 6.5 to 4.0 ns. These powers and pulsewidths are similar to those achieved with 50-ns implosion times on Saturn. Two-dimensional, radiation-magnetohydrodynamic calculations indicate that the imploding shells in these long implosion time experiments are comparable in width to those in the short-pulse cases. This can be due to lower initial perturbations. A heuristic wire array model suggests that the reduced perturbations, in the long-pulse cases, may be due to the individual wire merger occurring well before the acceleration of the shell. The experiments and modeling suggest that 150–200 ns implosion time Z-pinches could be employed for high-power, x-ray source applications.
Wastewater reuse and predicted ecological risk posed by contaminant mixtures in Potomac River watershed streams

A wastewater model was applied to the Potomac River watershed to provide (i) a means to identify streams with a high likelihood of carrying elevated effluent‐derived contaminants and (ii) risk assessments to aquatic life and drinking water. The model linked effluent discharges along stream networks, accumulated wastewater, and predicted contaminant loads of municipal wastewater constituents while accounting for instream dilution and attenuation. Simulations using 2016 data suggested that nearly 30% (8281 km) of streams were wastewater impacted. Low‐ to medium‐order streams had the largest range of accumulated wastewater (ACCWW%) values. ACCWW% exceeded a 1% threshold at >39% of drinking‐water intakes (varied by temporal condition). Risk assessments of municipal wastewater‐contaminant mixtures indicated that 22% (1479 km) of streams impacted by municipal wastewater (5.5% of all reaches modeled) may pose high risk to aquatic organisms under mean‐annual conditions, with fish more susceptible to chronic‐exposure effects relative to other taxa. Risk varied temporally and by stream order, with the greatest risk occurring in the summer in small streams. These findings suggest that wastewater may be an important factor contributing to environmental degradation in the Potomac River watershed.
Galactic Dynamics via General Relativity and the Exotic Dark Matter Enigma

General relativity supersedes Newtonian dynamics in the analysis of galactic rotation and eliminates the need for vast halos of exotic dark matter. We present new results to complete the global picture of galactic models which indicate that we can model relatively modest mass accumulations surrounding galaxies with mass concentrations roughly contained within the contours of the extended disk. An observational test of the extent of any external matter distribution is shown to derive from the velocity dispersion of rotation curves in planes parallel to the galactic symmetry plane. We reply to recent critics of our work.
Power to the Data Defenders: Human-Centered Disclosure Risk Calibration of Open Data

The open data ecosystem is susceptible to vulnerabilities due to disclosure risks. Though the datasets are anonymized during release, the prevalence of the release-and-forget model makes the data defenders blind to privacy issues arising after the dataset release. One such issue can be the disclosure risks in the presence of newly released datasets which may compromise the privacy of the data subjects of the anonymous open datasets. In this paper, we first examine some of these pitfalls through the examples we observed during a red teaming exercise and then envision other possible vulnerabilities in this context. We also discuss proactive risk monitoring, including developing a collection of highly susceptible open datasets and a visual analytic workflow that empowers data defenders towards undertaking dynamic risk calibration strategies.
Systematic Literature Review : Penerapan Model Problem Based Learning untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk membuktikan secara ilmiah bahwa penerapan model problem based learning dalam pembelajaran dapat meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode systematic literature review (SLR) atau studi pustaka, yang dilakukan dengan merangkum, mengidentifikasi, menganalisis, dan menyimpulkan hasil penelitian terdahulu, terkait penerapan problem based learning untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika. Pencarian artikel sumber dilakukan melalui Google Scholar, Portal Garuda, https://sinta.kemdikbud. go.id/, dan DOAJ, dan diperoleh sebanyak 89 artikel tentang problem based learning dan kemampuan pemecahan masalah. Artikel tersebut kemudian diseleksi berdasarkan kriteria inklusi, sehingga diperoleh 26 artikel yang memenuhi syarat, terdiri dari 17 artikel untuk jenjang SMP dan 9 artikel untuk jenjang SMA. Problem based learning merupakan model yang tepat diterapkan dalam upaya meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah peserta didik. Hal ini sesuai dengan hasil penelitian (Sulaeman & Astriyani, 2016) yang menyimpulkan bahwa kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika peserta didik melalui strategi problem based learning pada materi bangun ruang sisi datar pokok bahasan prisma dan limas terbukti meningkat. Penelitian lain menyimpulkan bahwa pererapan PBL dapat meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa sebesar 58% dibanding pembelajaran konvensional (Yanti, 2017). Dari hasil analisis, terbukti bahwa penerapan problem based learning dapat meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika, baik untuk jenjang SMP maupun SMA.
Long-Range Statistical Forecasting of Ice Severity in the Beaufort–Chukchi Sea

Abstract Interannual variations in Beaufort Sea summer ice conditions influence a wide range of socioeconomic activities, including merchant shipping in the Beaufort Sea and subsistence lifestyles on the Alaskan North Slope. Each year, the National Ice Center quantifies Beaufort Sea summer ice conditions based on the Barnett severity index (BSI), which is based on distances from Point Barrow, Alaska, to the sea ice edge, as well as characteristics of the shipping season from Prudhoe Bay to the Bering Sea. Long-range forecasts (monthly to seasonal) of the BSI would be valuable for the above-mentioned users, provided that the forecasts are communicated effectively and used properly. Utilizing mean monthly sea ice and atmospheric data from 1979 through 2000, multiple linear regression models are developed here to forecast the BSI at monthly intervals from October of the previous year through to July of the prediction year. The final models retain between three and five variables, with decreased multiyear sea.
Model of the solar wind interaction with the local interstellar medium: Numerical solution of self‐consistent problem

A self-consistent gasdynamic model of the solar wind interaction with the local interstellar medium (LISM), which took into account the mutual influence of the plasma component (electrons and protons) of the LISM and the LISM H atoms that penetrate into the heliosphere was constructed by Baranov et al. (1981) in the approximation of axial symmetry. This model, however, had a number of defects. In particular, the motion of the H atoms was described by hydrodynamical equations, although the mean free path of the H atoms and the characteristic length of the problem were comparable. An iterative method, that used a Monte Carlo simulation of H atom motion in the field of the plasma component hydrodynamic parameters, was suggested by Baranov et al. (1991) and only the first step of the iteration was realized (non-self-consistent problem solution). In this paper the results of the self-consistent problem solution for a single set of the undisturbed solar wind and LISM parameters are presented. The structure of the upwind as well as wake regions of the flow is calculated. The geometrical pattern of the flow (bow shock, heliopause, termination shock, Mach disc, etc), the bulk velocity and the number densities of H atoms and plasma component are obtained and analyzed as a function of the distance from the Sun for different values of the polar angle. The effects of resonance charge exchange of the LISM H atoms as well as energetic H atoms “born” in the solar wind are taken into account. It is interesting to note that the effect of H atoms penetrating the solar wind results in the disappearance of the complicated flow structure as well as the supersonic regions between the heliopause and termination shock in the downwind region. In future we are going to compare our theoretical results with the results of Voyager 1/2, Pioneer 10/11, Ulysses spacecraft, and other experiments.
PREVELENCE OF SECONDARY HYPERTENSION & PRESCRIBING TRENDS IN POONCH DISTRICT

Background: Hypertension in pregnancy is one of the major causes of fetus and mother’s death. In pregnancy hypertension is of four categories preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, chronic hypertension, preeclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension. Objectives: This study aims to assess prevalence of secondary hypertension and prescribing trends in Poonch district. Methodology: During the period of study in Poonch district data has been collected by lottery statistical method. Hypertension varies differently in different patients on basis of age, gender, life style. Results: Total 150 patients were considered for essential or primary hypertension, among them 100 were hypertensive. For pregnancy induced hypertension 150 patients were taken and only 50 patients had a pregnancy induce hypertension. The drug of choice in pregnancy induces hypertension are methyl dopa, beta blocker, diuretic and ACE inhibitors. In uncontrolled condition combination therapy had been used. In diabetes mellitus induced hypertension, 150 patients were selected and 50 were those who had hypertension. In kidney disease only 15 patients had renal disease induce hypertension. Conclusion: The study describes prescribing trends for secondary hypertension in district Poonch, Kashmir.
Are some prices more equal than others? Evaluating store-based price differentiation

—Online vendors typically offer different stores to sell their items, such as desktop site, mobile site, country-speciﬁc sites, etc. Online rumours and news media reports persist that item prices between such views differ. While several academic works have investigated price differentiation, to date, no systematic method for analysing this question was put forth. We devise an approach to investigate such store-based price differentiation, based on three pillars: a framework that can perform cross-store data acquisition synchronously, a method to perform cross-store item matching, and constraints to limit client-side noise factors. We test our method in an initial case study to investigate store effects on ﬂight pricing. We gather pricing data of 824 ﬂights from 15 stores (incl. desktop sites, mobile apps, and mobile sites) over a 38-day period. Our experiment shows that price differences occur frequently. Moreover, even in a limited run we ﬁnd strong indications of store-speciﬁc pricing for certain vendors. We conclude that (i) a larger study into store-based price differentiation is needed to better gauge this effect; (ii) future research in this general domain should take store-based differences into account in their study design.
A Note for Order-Preserving Encryption Based on Negative Hypergeometric Distribution

Order-preserving encryption (OPE) scheme is a deterministic symmetric encryption scheme whose encryption algorithm produces ciphertexts that preserves numerical ordering of the plaintexts. The cryptographic study of OPE was initiated by Boldyreva, Chenette, Lee, and ONeill [1]. They proposed an OPE scheme based on a sampling algorithm for the negative hypergeometric distribution (NHGD). In this paper, we present the security analysis of NHGD-based OPE and the proof procedure of efficiency.
Impact of Ovariectomy on the Anterior Pituitary Gland in Female Rats

Ovariectomy (OVX) causes a depletion of circulating estradiol (E2) and influences hypothalamic kisspeptin neurons, which govern gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release and ultimately gonadotropin secretion. In this study, we examined the changes induced by OVX on the anterior pituitary gland in female rats. OVX significantly increased the mRNA expression of gonadotropin α, luteinizing hormone (LH) β, and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) β subunits within the pituitary gland compared with control (sham-operated) rats, and this was completely suppressed by E2 supplementation. High-dose dihydrotestosterone supplementation also prevented the OVX-induced increase in the expression of the three gonadotropin subunits. GnRH receptor mRNA expression within the pituitary was significantly increased in OVX rats, and this increase was completely inhibited by E2 supplementation. The mRNA expression of the receptors for adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide and kisspeptin was unchanged by OVX. Although the mRNA levels of inhibin α, βA, and βB subunits within the pituitary gland were not modulated by OVX, follistatin gene expression within the pituitary gland was increased by OVX, and this increase was completely inhibited by E2 supplementation after OVX. In experiments using a pituitary gonadotroph cell model (LβT2 cells), follistatin itself did not modulate the mRNA expression of gonadotropin LHβ and FSHβ subunits, and the GnRH-induced increase in the expression of these genes was slightly inhibited in the presence of follistatin. Our current observations suggest that OVX induces several characteristic changes in the pituitary gland of rats.