Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
One Last Puff? Public Smoking Bans and Smoking Behavior One Last Puff? Public Smoking Bans and Smoking Behavior

Terms of use: Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your personal and scholarly purposes. You are not to copy documents for public or commercial purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. If the documents have been made available under an Open Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. Abstract This paper investigates the short-term effects of public smoking bans on individual smoking behavior. In 2007 and 2008, state-level smoking bans were gradually introduced in all of Germany's federal states. We exploit this variation to identify the effect that smoke-free policies had on individuals' smoking propensity and smoking intensity. Using rich longitudinal data from the German SocioEconomic Panel Study, our difference-indifferences estimates show that the introduction of smoke-free legislation in Germany did not change average smoking behavior within the population. However, our estimates point to important heterogeneous effects. Individuals who go out more often to bars and restaurants, did adjust their smoking behavior. Following the ban, they became less likely to smoke and also smoked less. Acknowledgements:
La representación territorial en los legisladores iberoamericanos: qué intereses defienden y qué políticas impulsan

espanolEste trabajo es un estudio sobre los tipos de intereses que dicen defender y defienden -representan- los legisladores en Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Espana y Uruguay y, de manera particular, sobre la importancia que otorgan a "la cuestion territorial' en este marco. La variable a explicar es el focus de la representacion territorial, desagregada en dos dimensiones: una actitudinal, que mide la importancia que otorgan los diputados a los territorios en sus concepciones representativas y una de comportamiento, que muestra el caudal de proyectos de ley que estos inician y que afectan solo a sus distritos, es decir, que tienen beneficios geograficamente concentrados. Una vez definidas ambas dimensiones y descritos minuciosamente cada uno de los Congresos, esta tesis enfrenta el reto explicativo, poniendo a prueba diferentes hipotesis que la literatura politologica ha utilizado para dar cuenta del parroquialismo en la representacion. Los interrogantes que guian este estudio son: ? Que explica el particularismo territorial en las concepciones representativas de los legisladores? Por que algunos legisladores muestran una fuerte tendencia a la defensa de este tipo de intereses y otros no? Por que en algunos Congresos abundan los proyectos de ley de tipo particularista mientras en otros estos son casi inexistentes? Que escenarios y factores generan mas probabilidades de que los legisladores inicien este tipo de legislacion? Guiada por estos interrogantes, esta investigacion establece perfiles de legisladores mas propensos a presentar una marcada defensa de los intereses territoriales en sus concepciones representativas y con mas probabilidades de iniciar proyectos de ley de tipo parroquialista. Al mismo tiempo, desmiente parcialmente algunos de los presupuestos con los ha trabajado la ciencia politica en los ultimos anos en torno al particularismo legislativo (fundamentalmente sobre al impacto de los sistemas electorales), abriendo nuevas vias de analisis para repensar las consecuencias de los diferentes disenos y practicas legislativas en torno a la ingenieria institucional EnglishThis work is a general review of interest rates to defend and uphold say, represent-makers in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Spain and Uruguay and particularly on the importance given to 'the land question' within this framework. The six selected countries make up a sample of Latin American reality and allow a proper comparison and information contained on them for the period from 1996-2006. The dependent variable to be explained is the focus of territorial representation, which is broken down into two dimensions: one attitude, which measures the degree of importance attached by Members to the territories and a representative conceptions of behavior, which measures the flow of projects law that they initiated and which affect only their territories, ie with geographically concentrated benefits.
Explaining the internal behaviour of artificial neural network river flow models

A novel method of visualizing and understanding the internal functional behaviour of an artificial neural network (ANN) river flow model is presented. The method hypothesizes that an ANN is able to map a function similar to the flow duration curve while modelling the river flow. A mathematical analysis of the hypothesis is presented, and a case study of an ANN river flow model confirms its significance. The proposed approach is also useful within other models that improve the performance of an ANN. The reasons why these models improve a raw ANN can be clearly understood using this approach. While the field of ANN knowledge‐extraction is one that continues to attract considerable interest, it is anticipated that the current approach will initiate further research and make ANNs more useful to the hydrologic community. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Picritic porphyrites and associated basalts from the remnant Comei Large Igneous Province in SE Tibet: records of mantle‐plume activity

Picritic porphyrites and associated basalts are found in Lower Cretaceous slates within the recently identified remnant Comei Large Igneous Province, SE Tibet. They provide an opportunity to explore the mantle potential temperature of this large igneous province and the genetic correlation between the picritic porphyrites and associated basalts. The high levels of MgO and CaO in olivine phenocrysts from the picritic porphyrites indicate that these olivines crystallized from high‐Mg magmas. By deducting the accumulated olivines, we determined a parental magma MgO content for the picritic porphyrites of c. 20% MgO, corresponding to a mantle potential temperature of >1550 °C for the parental magma. Such a high temperature provides solid evidence for a mantle‐plume origin of the remnant Comei Large Igneous Province. Parallel trace‐element patterns and similar εNd (T) and (177Os/178Os)T values in the picritic porphyrites and associated basalts suggest a common hot mantle source region for their generation.
A Moyers-féle vegyes fogazati analízis alkalmazhatóságának vizsgálata a magyarországi lakosság körében Applicability of the Moyers mixed dentition analysis for the Hungarian population

applicability Upper and lower study casts of 370 patients were evaluated. The mesiodistal widths of the teeth were meas-ured by using a Pittsburgh digital caliper. The odontometric values obtained were used to calculate actual and predicted values. The actual teeth measurements were then statistically compared to the predicted values derived from Moyers probability tables. Results: Using Moyers analysis, we found significant differences at each percentile between the actual and predictive values in both sexes. In the upper jaw, values for men at the 95th, 85th, 75th, and 65th percentile overestimated the actual values, while for women only the 65th percentile underestimated it. In the lower jaw, all values were overestimated in relation to the actual measurements at all percentiles. Conclusions: Based on our results, Moyers mixed dentition analysis cannot be reliably applied for the Hungarian population. If used, it is recommended to use the Moyers predicted values at the 65th instead of the 75th percentile, as this will result in closer estimation to the actual space requirements.
Modeling the density at Merapi volcano area, Indonesia, via the inverse gravimetric problem

Merapi is a high‐risk andesitic volcano in Central Java, Indonesia. Very little information is known about the detailed regional density structure around Merapi and its neighbor volcano Merbabu. We compute a subsurface three‐dimensional (3‐D) model of anomalous density for the volcanoes Merapi and Merbabu in Central Java, Indonesia, by inversion of the gravity field. As input for the inversion methodology, gravity observations from 443 points, whose 3‐D coordinates are determined by GPS, are used. The inversion algorithm is based on an explorative approach to fit a least squares condition, including a balancing factor between the minimization of the residuals and the anomalous mass. A mean density about 2242 kg/m3 for the region of Merapi and Merbabu has been computed by least squares adjustment. Results of the inversion show major low‐density contrasts up to −242 kg/m3 and positive structures about +264 kg/m3, referred to the determined mean density. A density anomaly (relative high) with densities up to +264 kg/m3 is connecting the volcanoes in a 152° course from NW to SE and might be built of older basaltic lava. Low‐density contrasts about −242 kg/m could be found in agreement with magnetotelluric and electromagnetic results. Generally, the identified high‐ and low‐density bodies are in agreement with the results of other geophysical methods such as electromagnetic and magnetotelluric prospecting or geological formations and structures. A porosity about 21% is derived for the largest negative density bodies about −242 kg/m3. Furthermore, the density model gives some new information about the controversial origin of a hill formation near Merapi and is also used to discuss the possible existence of a shallow magma chamber, which is also a controversial subject. Generally, the density model serves as basic information for the interpretation of geodetic and geophysical observations and confirms existing results from magnetotellurics, electromagnetics, and seismic data interpretation.
MICROPROPAGATION OF GLOBE ARTICHOKE (CYNARA SCOLYMUS L.) FROM UNDERGROUND DORMANT

Side shoots excised from underground dormant buds of Cynara scolymus L. were used as primary expiants to establish in vitro cultures. A 3 X 3 factorial experiment with all possible combinations of three concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg/ liter or 2.22, 4.44, 8.88 \iM) of 7V6-benzyladenine (BA) and three concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.2 mg/liter or 0, 0.54, 1.07 ujlf) of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) was used to determine the optimum growth regulator combination for shoot multipli cation. The highest rate of axillary shoots was induced on Murashige and Skoog agar medium supplemented with 0 mg NAA/liter and 1.0 mg BA/liter (4.44 \iM). Other cytokinins tested (kinetin, zeatin, and 2-isopentenyl-adenine were less effective than BA in inducing axillary shoot growth. Up to 60% of elongated microshoots rooted after 5 weeks on 1/2 MS agar medium supplemented with 2 mg/liter (11.42 \xM) indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Seventy percent of rooted plantlets were transferred successfully into soil. Plants are under evaluation for their genetic uniformity and clonal fidelity.
The Effect of Exchangeable Cations on Soil Mineral Weathering

The kinetics of dissolution of soil minerals as a function of the ionic composition of the exchange phase were studied using a calcareous soil and a noncalcareous soil. It was concluded that mineral dissolution occurred as a two-step reaction when an exchanger phase is present. The initial fast reaction was completed in < 1 h and was linearly related to the amount of exchangeable sodium. The second slower reaction was independent of the exchangeable cation but dependent on the total mineral surface (soil-to-water ratio) available for weathering. The kinetics of dissolution for the second reaction was diffusion controlled.
Micromagnetic calculation of hysteresis as a function of temperature in pseudo‐single domain magnetite

Using an unconstrained three‐dimensional micromagnetic model, magnetic hysteresis was simulated in magnetite in the grain size range 0.08–0.3 µm as a function of temperature between 100 K and the Curie temperature (851 K). For all temperatures in the cubic phase above the Verwey transition (Tυ ≈ 120 K), 0.08 µm grains switched by coherent rotation, and 0.3 µm grains switched with an intermediate vortex phase. The mode of switching for 0.1 µm grains was found to be dependent on both field direction and temperature. For all grain sizes in the monoclinic phase below Tυ, switching was by coherent rotation, with the domain state rotating in the monoclinic magnetocrystalline anisotropy “easy” a‐plane. Calculations for coercive force (Hc) as a function of temperature display similar trends to experimental data. Below Tυ, the model correctly predicts the large increase in Hc. However, the absolute values of Hc are higher than the experimental data.
Identificando áreas sensibles en los contactos interculturales: un estudio exploratorio

This paper analyzes the negative influence that cultural friction areas can promote on intercultural contacts. First, we expose the critical incident method like cross-cultural training model (Arthur, 2001). Then we show the negative effects that sensitive cultural zones can exert on the formation of prejudices and stereotypes about culturally diverse groups, analyzing 77 critical incidents collected in two different formative contexts. The main cultural shock areas detected are a) intercultural communication barriers, b) gender roles, and c) the cultural expressions statement. Strategies to improve the method validity are proposed.
Mechanism of Shengmai Injection ( 生脉注射液 ) on AntiSepsis and Protective Activities of Intestinal Mucosal Barrier in Mice

Sepsis is a deregulated body response to infection, which trigger inflammatory reactions that may cause systemic symptoms and damage multiple organs. Releasing of cytokines will inevitably mediate uncontrolled inflammatory cascades and result in corresponding dysfunction, including failure of multiple major organs and septic shock. Meanwhile, intestinal mucosal barrier plays a decisive role in the occurrence and development of sepsis. Multiple mechanisms such as bacteria or their products, infl ammatory mediators or ischemia (reperfusion) are jointly involving in the occurrence of intestinal barrier dysfunction. In this process, bacteria, endotoxins and infl ammatory mediators interact and activate each other and form a "waterfall-like" infl ammatory response, during which cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) are produced in large quantities, destroying the interconnection between intestinal epithelial cells and increasing the permeability between cells.
ZEB2 Regulates Endocrine Therapy Sensitivity and Metastasis in Luminal A Breast Cancer Through a Non-Canonical Mechanism

Purpose: The transcription factors ZEB1 and ZEB2 mediate epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastatic progression in numerous malignancies including breast cancer. ZEB1 and ZEB2 drive EMT through transcriptional repression of cell-cell junction proteins and members of the tumor suppressive miR200 family. However, in estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer, the role of ZEB2 as an independent driver of metastasis has not been fully investigated. Methods: In the current study, we induced exogenous expression of ZEB2 in ER+ MCF-7 and ZR-75-1 breast cancer cell lines and examined EMT gene expression and metastasis using dose-response qRT-PCR, transwell migration assays, proliferation assays with immuno�uorescence of Ki-67 staining. We used RNA sequencing to identify pathways and genes affected by ZEB2 overexpression. Finally, we treated ZEB2-overexpressing cells with 17β-estradiol (E2) or ICI 182,780 to evaluate how ZEB2 affects estrogen response. Results: Contrary to expectation, we found that ZEB2 did not increase canonical epithelial nor decrease mesenchymal gene expressions. Furthermore, ZEB2 overexpression did not promote a mesenchymal cell morphology. However, ZEB1 and ZEB2 protein expression induced signi�cant migration of MCF-7 and ZR-75-1 breast cancer cells in vitro and MCF-7 xenograft metastasis in vivo. Transcriptomic (RNA sequencing) pathway analysis revealed alterations in estrogen signaling regulators and pathways, suggesting a role for ZEB2 in endocrine sensitivity in luminal A breast cancer. Expression of ZEB2 was negatively correlated with estrogen receptor complex genes in luminal A patient tumors. Furthermore, treatment with 17β-estradiol (E2) or the estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182,780 had no effect on growth of ZEB2 overexpressing cells. Conclusion: ZEB2 is a multi-functional regulator of drug sensitivity, cell migration and metastasis in ER+ breast cancer and functions through non-canonical mechanisms.
Proteomics of diphtheria toxoid vaccines reveals multiple proteins that are immunogenic and 1 may contribute to protection of humans against Corynebacterium diphtheriae 2 3

Citation: Möller, Jens, Kraner, Max, Sonnewald, Uwe, Sangal, Vartul, Tittlbach, Hannes, Winkler, Julia, Winkler, Thomas H. , Melnikov, Vyacheslav, Lang, Roland, Sing, Andreas, Mattos-Guaraldi, Ana Luiza and Burkovski, Andreas (2019) Proteomics of diphtheria toxoid vaccines reveals multiple proteins that are immunogenic and may contribute to protection of humans against Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Vaccine, 37 (23). pp. 3061-3070. ISSN 0264-410X
Soluble glucan is internalized and trafficked to the Golgi apparatus in macrophages via a clathrin mediated, lipid raft regulated mechanism

Glucans are natural product carbohydrates which stimulate immunity. Glucans are internalized by the pattern recognition receptor (PRR), Dectin-1. Glucans were thought to be trafficked to phagolysosomes, but this is unproven. We examined internalization and trafficking of soluble glucans in macrophages. Incubation of macrophages with glucan resulted in internalization of Dectin-1 and glucan. Inhibition of clathrin blocked internalization of the Dectin-1/glucan complex. Lipid raft depletion resulted in decreased Dectin levels and glucan uptake. Once internalized, glucans co-localized with early endosomes at 0-15 m, with the Golgi apparatus at 15 m-24 h, and with Dectin-1 immediately (0 h) and again later (15 m-24 h). Glucans did not co-localize with lysosomes at any time interval examined. We conclude that internalization of Dectin-1/glucan complexes in macrophages is mediated by clathrin and is negatively regulated by lipid rafts and/or caveolin-1. Upon internalization, soluble glucans are trafficked via endosomes to the Golgi apparatus, not lysosomes.
Terrestrial and marine extinction at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary synchronized with major carbon-cycle perturbation: A link to initiation of massive volcanism?

Mass extinction at the Triassic-Jurassic (Tr-J) boundary occurred about the same time (200 Ma) as one of the largest volcanic eruptive events known, that which characterized the Central Atlantic magmatic province. Organic carbon isotope data from the UK and Greenland demonstrate that changes in flora and fauna from terrestrial and marine environments occurred synchronously with a light carbon isotope excursion, and that this happened earlier than the Tr-J boundary marked by ammonites in the UK. The results also point toward synchronicity between extinctions and eruption of the first Central Atlantic magmatic province lavas, suggesting a causal link between loss of taxa and the very earliest eruptive phases. The initial isotopic excursion potentially provides a widely correlatable marker for the base of the Jurassic. A temporary return to heavier values followed, but relatively light carbon dominated the shallow oceanic and atmospheric reservoirs for at least 600 k.y.
Health in past societies : biocultural interpretations of human skeletal remains in archaeological contexts

There is a good trans-Atlantic mix in the eleven contributions to this volume whose theme is our recognition of the health of past societies, and its significance for them; developed from sessions at the 1988 Sheffield TAG meetings. Six papers consider concepts and methods, five are case-studies (demography of Medieval York, anaemia at Romano-British Dorchester, epidemics seen in teeth in Bradford and Mexico, community health in Late Prehistoric Tennessee, health changes at the agricultural transition in Europe).
ANALISIS TREN IKLIM DAN KETERSEDIAAN AIR TANAH DI PALEMBANG, SUMATRA SELATAN CLIMATE AND SOIL WATER TRENDS ANALYSIS FOR PALEMBANG REGION, SOUTH SUMATRA

Long-term climate trend is being one of greatest research interests amongst climate scientists around the world to see whether climate change occurs or not at local, regional or global scale. However, only a few studies are available that discusses trend of climate extreme in equatorial climate, Indonesia. This paper tries to analyze climate trend and its impact to water availability in Palembang region using daily rainfall and air temperature data for the year of 1984-2009. Trend analysis was performed using Mann-Kendall test at α equal to 5%. We found that daily air temperature indicated that the rise of maximum, average, and minimum temperatures has occurred with statistically significant changes during the observation period. However, daily temperature range did not significantly change. We didn’t find any significant change for rainfall predictors except the number of rainfall event that significantly showed a decrease trend. With a simple water balance, we calculated monthly soil water content indicating that its’ decline was statistically significant (α=5%). With these findings, we have not made a conclusion whether climate change occurred or not yet, until influence of local effect such as urban heat island clearly explained.Long-term climate trend is being one of greatest research interests amongst climate scientists around the world to see whether climate change occurs or not at local, regional or global scale. However, only a few studies are available that discusses trend of climate extreme in equatorial climate, Indonesia. This paper tries to analyze climate trend and its impact to water availability in Palembang region using daily rainfall and air temperature data for the year of 1984-2009. Trend analysis was performed using Mann-Kendall test at α equal to 5%. We found that daily air temperature indicated that the rise of maximum, average, and minimum temperatures has occurred with statistically significant changes during the observation period. However, daily temperature range did not significantly change. We didn't find any significant change for rainfall predictors except the number of rainfall event that significantly showed a decrease trend. With a simple water balance, we calculated monthly soil water content indicating that its' decline was statistically significant (α=5%). With these findings, we have not made a conclusion whether climate change occurred or not yet, until influence of local effect such as urban heat island clearly explained.