Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Time domain astronomy with Swift and Fermi

Swift and Fermi are unveiling an unexpectedly rich tapestry of behavior in the transient γ−ray sky. Sources which were already known to be transient − such as pulsars, gamma-ray bursts, and blazars − have been studied in ever-increasing detail. For example, Fermi/LAT has detected 117 pulsars of which 56 are new. Many of them are only seen so far in γ−rays. In the last 5 years the Crab Nebula, long taken to be a standard candle, has been observed to flare dramatically. A long monitoring campaign on Sgr A∗ with Swift has shown multiple flares on time scales of tens of days. Other sources not usually associated with high-energy emission − e.g., novae and flare stars − are proving to be interesting at γ−ray energies. Discoveries have been made of spectacular transient emission from tidal disruption events and supernova shock breakout. We present an overview of recent γ−ray and hard X-ray observations and discuss their impact on high-energy astrophysics. Keywords: Black hole physics; radiation mechanisms: non-thermal; Stars: activity; Gamma-ray burst: general; Stars: neutron, novae; Galaxies: star formation
Rule-based Engine for Position Data: Low-code/No-code Approach to Process Logic

—Real-time location systems (RTLS) are becoming a standard part of modern digitized industrial facilities, enabling acquistition of position data of objects or people tracked in a given monitored area. These systems can utilize the virtualized coordinates to divide the real space into user-defined digital zones and give them meaning within a process. This paper describes the design and implementation of a commercial RTLS system extension, intended to eliminate the need for programming any complex position data processing by leveraging Low-code/No-code approach to creating process logic in a user friendly way.
NESTED ADAPTIVE VERTEX-CENTERED FINITE VOLUME METHODS FOR DIFFUSION PROBLEMS

The goal of this paper is to develop a new technique of mesh adaptation for finite volume solution of diffusion problems. Vertex-centered finite volume discretization is used for the elliptic operator and error estimates in the energy norm are considered for adaptation of meshes. In contrast to the conventional approach in which the diffusion equation is solved after each error estimation, the current method allows for multiple adaptations of meshes within a single error estimation. This nested adaptive finite volume method requires only treatment of conformity in meshes for multiple adaptations which is dealt with using the new bisection procedure. For a prescribed accuracy, the new method offers a substantial reduction of computational cost compared to standard adaptive finite volume methods.
On the stabilization size of semi-implicit fourier-spectral methods for 3D Cahn-Hilliard equations

The stabilized semi-implicit time-stepping method is an efficient algorithm to simulate phased field problems with fourth order dissipation. We consider the 3D Cahn–Hilliard equation and prove unconditional energy stability of the corresponding stabilized semi-implicit Fourier spectral scheme independent of the time step. We do not impose any Lipschitz-type assumption on the nonlinearity. It is shown that the size of the stabilization term depends only on the initial data and the diffusion coefficient. Unconditional Sobolev bounds of the numerical solution are obtained and the corresponding error analysis under nearly optimal regularity assumptions is established.
Investigation of the dynamic enhanced cubature Kalman filter

In this paper, the dynamic enhanced cubature Kalman filter is proposed to explore the constraint of the long-term relationship of system states. The performance of the proposed dynamic enhanced cubature Kalman filter (DECKF) is compared to the conventional cubature Kalman filter via two numerical examples. The simulation results show that the proposed filter can provide better performance than conventional cubature Kalman filter, for certain scenarios.
Optimal Choice of the Number of Ground Control Points for Developing Precise DSM Using Light-Weight UAV in Small and Medium-Sized Open-Pit Mine

uAV technology is being applied for DSM generation in open-pit mines with a well-established fact that the precision of such DSM is improved by increasing the number of ground control points (gcps). however, DSMs are updated frequently in an open-pit mine where the surface is excavated continuously. This imposes a challenge to arrange and maintain the gcps in the field. Therefore, an optimal number of gcps should be determined to obtain sufficiently accurate DSMs while maintaining safety, time, and cost-effectiveness in the project. This study investigates the influence of the numbers of gcps and their network configuration in the Long Son quarry, Vietnam. The analysis involved DSMs generated from eight cases with a total of 18 gcps and each having five network configurations. The inter-case and intra-case accuracy of DSMs is assessed based on RMSE XY , RMSE Z , and RMSE XYZ . The results show that for a small-or medium-sized open-pit mine having an area of approximately 36 hectares, five gcps are sufficient to achieve an overall accuracy of less than 10 cm. it is further shown that the optimal choice of the number of gcps for DSM generation in such a mining site is seven due to a significant improvement in accuracy (<3.5 cm) and a decrease in configuration dependency compared to the five gcps.
Comparative efficacy of intravenous levetiracetam and phenytoin in status epilepticus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

BACKGROUND Status epilepticus (SE) is a neurological emergency, with the current guidelines for second-line anticonvulsants may include phenytoin, levetiracetam, valproic acid, and phenobarbital. However, some studies suggest that levetiracetam may be better at stopping seizures in SE. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of intravenous (IV) levetiracetam and phenytoin in SE. METHODS We searched PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, and Google Scholar for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on administering IV levetiracetam or phenytoin in patients with SE. RCTs were screened using eligibility criteria, and their quality was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I² test, and publication bias was evaluated using Egger’s test. All analyses were performed using Review Manager version 5.4 (The Cochrane Collaboration, UK) and Stata 17 (StataCorp LLC, USA). RESULTS 12 RCTs involving 2,137 patients (1,099 receiving levetiracetam) met the inclusion criteria. Pooled analysis showed that levetiracetam therapy had a significantly higher rate of seizure cessation than phenytoin (RR: 1.10, 95% CI = 1.05−1.14, p = 0.02, I² = 51%). Less adverse events were observed in the levetiracetam group (9.34%) than in the phenytoin group (11.62%; RR: 0.82, 95% CI = 0.66–1.02, p = 0.07). However, there was no significant difference regarding IV levetiracetam or phenytoin administration with the incidence of admission to critical care (RR: 1.01; 95% CI = 0.93–1.10, p = 0.80) and mortality (RR: 1.08; 95% CI = 0.54–2.15; p = 0.82). CONCLUSIONS IV levetiracetam was significantly better in the cessation of seizures in SE patients than phenytoin.
Enhancement of mechanical and thermal properties of poly methyl methacrylate composite bone cements with zinc oxide nanostructures modified carbon fibres additives

Abstract Acrylic bone cement, which primarily consists of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), is widely used in orthopaedics, dentistry, and particularly in joint arthroplasty surgery. However, bone cements (BCs) have several limitations, including low mechanical properties, bioactivity issues, and high heat generation during polymerization. In recent years, there has been significant interest in studying the development of mechanical, thermal, and antibacterial properties of bone cement. In this study, ZnO nanostructures modified CFs were added to PMMA BCs at concentrations ranging from 0.10 wt% to 1.00 wt%, and the mechanical and thermal properties of the novel PMMA composite BCs were investigated. The novel composite materials were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Mechanical tests including compression and 4-point bending were performed on the composite structures, along with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results revealed that the composite cement containing 0.25 wt% ZnO/CFs reinforcement agent exhibited the best mechanical properties and thermal stability. The flexural strength of the 0.25 wt% ZnO/CFs reinforced PMMA composite BCs increased by 78.9%, while the compression strength increased by 277.4% compared to the control group.
Ethical Marketing Communication: Customers’ Decision Rights Protection

This proposed quantitative research scenario studied on ethical marketing communication to protect the decision-making rights of customers. The research will consist of a survey and development research with Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). These research results indicate that ethical marketing communications customers have developed decision-making rights protections. The new approach can be operationalized that will accelerate the rate of purchasing decision behavior by protecting the decision rights of ethical marketing customers in the Kingdom of Thailand.
Recent advances of pathomics in colorectal cancer diagnosis and prognosis

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies, with the third highest incidence and the second highest mortality in the world. To improve the therapeutic outcome, the risk stratification and prognosis predictions would help guide clinical treatment decisions. Achieving these goals have been facilitated by the fast development of artificial intelligence (AI) -based algorithms using radiological and pathological data, in combination with genomic information. Among them, features extracted from pathological images, termed pathomics, are able to reflect sub-visual characteristics linking to better stratification and prediction of therapeutic responses. In this paper, we review recent advances in pathological image-based algorithms in CRC, focusing on diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions, micro-satellite instability, as well as prediction of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and the prognosis of CRC patients.
Temporal Aggregation of GARCH Processes.

The authors derive low frequency, say weekly, models implied by high frequency, say daily, ARMA models with symmetric GARCH errors. They show that low frequency models exhibit conditional heteroskedasticity of the GARCH form as well. The parameters in the conditional variance equation of the low frequency model depend upon mean, variance, and kurtosis parameters of the corresponding high frequency model. Moreover, strongly consistent estimators of the parameters in the high frequency model can be derived from low frequency data. The common assumption in applications that rescaled innovations are independent is disputable, since it depends upon the available data frequency. Copyright 1993 by The Econometric Society.
New grids of stellar models from 0.8 to 120 M⊙ at Z = 0.020 and Z = 0.001. Commentary

New grids of stellar evolutionary models covering the range of 0.8 to 120 M ⊙ have been computed for metallicities Z = 0.020 and Z = 0.001. The models use the new opacities by Rogers & Iglesias (1991) and by Kurucz (1991) at low T. The consequent changes in the solar helium content, in the mixing length ratio and in the overshooting parameter are taken into account after careful calibrations. Important physical ingredients as the nuclear reaction rates and the neutrino loss rates have been updated. The ionization of the main heavy elements is calculated in details. An improved treatment of the optically thick envelope of WR stars is made on the basis of the CAK theory (cf. Kudritzki et al. 1989). Results of the models are given in a compact way at corresponding evolutionary stages in each model. In addition to the tables, we shortly present some general results on the tracks in the HR diagrams, the lifetimes in the H-, He-, C-burning phases and on massive and WR stars.
Fixed-Parameter Tractability of the Simultaneous Consecutive Ones Submatrix & Editing Problems

A binary matrix has the consecutive ones property (C1P) for rows (columns) if there is a permutation of its columns (rows) that arranges the ones consecutively in all the rows (columns). A binary matrix has the simultaneous consecutive ones property (S C1P) if it has both the C1P for rows and columns. We consider the following two categories of problems: Simultaneous Consecutive Ones Submatrix (S C1S ) and Simultaneous Consecutive Ones Editing (S C1E) [19] in a similar spirit as that of Consecutive Ones Submatrix [9] and Consecutive Ones Editing [6] problems. We consider the parameterized versions of the above problems with k as the parameter, namely k-S C1S -R, k-S C1S -C, k-S C1S -RC and k-S C1P-1E, where k is the number of rows that can be deleted, columns that can be deleted, rows & columns that can be deleted and 1-entries that can be flipped respectively. Given a binary matrix M and a positive integer k, k-S C1S -R, k-S C1S -C and k-S C1S -RC problems decide whether there exists a set of rows, columns and rows & columns respectively, of size at most k whose deletion results in a matrix with the S C1P. The k-S C1P-1E problem decides whether there exists a set of 1-entries of size at most k whose flipping results in a matrix with the S C1P. We show that k-S C1S -R, k-S C1S -C, k-S C1S -RC and k-S C1P-1E are fixed-parameter tractable with run-times O*(6^k), O*(6^k), O*(11^k) and O*(14^k) respectively. We also observe that using our algorithm, k-S C1S -R, k-S C1S -C, k-S C1S -RC and k-S C1P-1E can be approximated in polynomial-time with a factor of 6, 6, 11 and 14 respectively.
Mechanistic role of herbals as alternative therapy for epilepsy

Botanicals and herbs have been used by people with epilepsy for ages in various cultures across the world. Patients in both developing and developed nations are currently using herbal remedies to manage seizures or side effects from antiepileptic medicines (AEDs). The deleterious effects of AED medication have a greater impact on the patient’s life than seizures. Alternative remedies should be used to treat and manage epilepsy because synthetic pharmaceuticals have risks. Epilepsy may be managed and treated using herbal medicines that have fewer negative effects than pharmaceutical medications. Therefore, the current review discusses about the herbal drugs used in treatment of epilepsy.
Empirically Observed Iconicity Levels of English Phonaesthemes

This paper aims to reveal to what extent the diagrammatic iconicity (i.e., form-meaning correspondences which are created by relating similar sets of forms with similar sets of meanings [Peirce, 1955, p. 104]) of English phonaesthemes (e.g., gl- in glitter, glisten, and glow) could manifest primary iconicity (i.e., iconicity that involves a sufficient similarity between sign and referent to allow the understanding that the former stands for the latter [Sonesson, 1997]). To serve the aim, the current research conducts a test, using a multiple-choice task in which groups of native English and Korean speakers choose the meanings of phonaesthemes in sets of aurally-presented nonsense English phonaesthemic words. If primary iconicity is carried by a phonaestheme, then both native and non-native listeners should be able to report with some consistency the putative meaning of the nonsense phonaesthemic words. If, on the other hand, a form-meaning correspondence is carried by secondary iconicity (where the existence of the sign-relation, given by convention or by being explicitly pointed out, is the precondition for noticing the similarity between sign and referent [Sonesson, 1997]), then neither language group is expected to deliver high correct guessing rates. The result showed that the purported meanings of sk- and tw- were correctly guessed by the Korean-speaking participants only, and those of cl-, gl-, sw-, gr-, sn-, and sq- were correctly guessed by the English-speaking participants only. The purported meanings of sp- and tr- were correctly guessed by neither language group. These findings show that individual phonaesthemes possess varying degrees of (primary) iconicity.
Chronic conditions and multimorbidity among West African migrants in greater Barcelona, Spain

Objectives This study aimed to report the prevalence and identify potential risk factors of chronic conditions among West African migrants living in the greater Barcelona area, Spain, and explore the relationship between years of residence in Spain and chronic disease burden. Methods This cross-sectional study included 436 adult African migrants who participated in a community-based hepatitis B virus (HBV) screening and vaccination program (HBV-COMSAVA) in the greater Barcelona area from 21 November 2020 to 22 January 2022. Data were analyzed using standard descriptive statistics and bivariable and multivariable logistic regression. Results HBV, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and metabolic risk factors, and multimorbidity prevalence were 9.17, 20.87, and 4.13%, respectively. Being male or having been previously tested for HBV were associated with higher odds of HBV positivity. Associated risk factors for NCDs and metabolic risk factors included living in Spain for >5 years, being female, and being aged ≥50 years. Conclusion The high prevalence of chronic conditions in migrant populations supports a need for early detection strategies and tailored public health interventions that aim to reduce the disease burden imposed on migrants and on health systems in host countries.
A Review of Trustworthy and Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)

The advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology has accelerated the development of several systems that are elicited from it. This boom has made the systems vulnerable to security attacks and allows considerable bias in order to handle errors in the system. This puts humans at risk and leaves machines, robots, and data defenseless. Trustworthy AI (TAI) guarantees human value and the environment. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art on how to build a Trustworthy and eXplainable AI, taking into account that AI is a black box with little insight into its underlying structure. The paper also discusses various TAI components, their corresponding bias, and inclinations that make the system unreliable. The study also discusses the necessity for TAI in many verticals, including banking, healthcare, autonomous system, and IoT. We unite the ways of building trust in all fragmented areas of data protection, pricing, expense, reliability, assurance, and decision-making processes utilizing TAI in several diverse industries and to differing degrees. It also emphasizes the importance of transparent and post hoc explanation models in the construction of an eXplainable AI and lists the potential drawbacks and pitfalls of building eXplainable AI. Finally, the policies for developing TAI in the autonomous vehicle construction sectors are thoroughly examined and eclectic ways of building a reliable, interpretable, eXplainable, and Trustworthy AI systems are explained to guarantee safe autonomous vehicle systems.
Higher-Order Functional Structure Exploration in Heterogeneous Combat Network Based on Operational Motif Spectral Clustering

Higher-order organization of complex networks is an effective way to understand and model the interactions among multiple individuals in complex systems. With the development of military intelligence, the scale and complexity of operational interactions among equipment are increasing in combat systems. Compared with pairwise connectivity patterns, the higher-order network structure captured by subgraphs can better describe the interactions among multiple equipment. In this article, we propose the concept of “operational motif,” a subgraph pattern composed of multiple connected equipment nodes in combat networks. On this basis, we propose a higher-order functional structure analysis framework for heterogeneous combat networks based on operational motif spectral clustering. It identifies higher-order functional clusters based on multiple operational motifs. Also, it can subdivide functional clusters into subclusters of specified size based on the different granularity requirements of decision makers. Experiments show that the framework is effective and efficient in finding higher-order functional clusters in large-scale combat networks. It can also serve to identify key equipment interaction patterns from the perspective of higher-order organizations of combat networks.
Advances in thermoelectrics

Thermoelectric generators, capable of directly converting heat into electricity, hold great promise for tackling the ever-increasing energy sustainability issue. The thermoelectric energy conversion efficiency is heavily dependent upon the materials’ performance that is quantified by the dimensionless figure-of-merit (ZT). Therefore, the central issue in the research of thermoelectric materials lies in continuously boosting the ZT value. Although thermoelectric effects were discovered in the nineteenth century, it was only until the 1950s when classic materials like Bi2Te3 and PbTe were developed and basic science of thermoelectrics was established. However, the research of thermoelectrics did not take a smooth path but a rather tortuous one with ups and downs. After hiatus in the 1970s and 1980s, relentless efforts starting from the 1990s were devoted to understanding the transport and coupling of electrons and phonons, identifying strategies for improving the thermoelectric performance of existing materials, and discovering new promising compounds. Rewardingly, substantial improvements in materials’ performance have been achieved that broke the ZT limit of unity. Meanwhile, advancements in fundamental understanding related to thermoelectrics have also been made. In this Review, recent advances in the research of thermoelectric materials are overviewed. Herein, strategies for improving and decoupling the individual thermoelectric parameters are first reviewed, together with a discussion on open questions and distinctly different opinions. Recent advancements on a number of good thermoelectric materials are highlighted and several newly discovered promising compounds are discussed. Existing challenges in the research of thermoelectric materials are outlined and an outlook for the future thermoelectrics research is presented. The paper concludes with a discussion of topics in other fields but related to thermoelectricity.