Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Lived Experience of Middle-Aged Saudi Patients With End-Stage Chronic Renal Disease on Hemodialysis Treatment

Introduction: More than 20,000 patients with chronic renal disease are receiving hemodialysis treatment in Saudi Arabia. Approximately, 57.4% of nurses in Saudi are expatriates. However, these nurses may not have sufficient cultural knowledge, which may affect perception of nursing care. Our purpose was to understand the lived experiences of middle-aged Saudi Arabian hemodialysis patients. Method: This qualitative phenomenological study was conducted in Saudi Arabia in 2021. Data were analyzed using axial coding. Results: Eleven patients aged 32 to 60 years participated. Two themes and three subthemes were identified: (a) hemodialysis’s negative consequences (travel restriction, social isolation, and low responsibilities toward families) and (b) level of support (family support, nurses’ support, and governmental support). Discussion: Hemodialysis patients find travel and social engagement difficult. Furthermore, they cannot fully meet their family responsibilities due to fatigue and long hemodialysis hours. Health care providers should consider integrating these findings to deliver optimal holistic care.
Does neoadjuvant chemotherapy provide any benefit for surgical de-escalation in luminal B, HER2(-) breast cancers?

BACKGROUND The use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in less aggressive breast cancer (BC) is controversial. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in HER2 negative luminal B breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients between January 2016 and December 2021 were retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS A total of 128 patients were included in the study. Patients with pathological complete response (pCR) were younger and had higher ki67 levels. Cutoff levels for ki67 based on pCR and ypT status were ≤ 40% and ≤ 35%, respectively. According to pre-NAC magnetic resonance imaging findings, only mastectomy was viable in 90 patients, but after NAC breast-conserving surgery (BCS) was possible in 29 (32%). Moreover, 68.5% became eligible for sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) after NAC. Since SLNB was positive in 45 (54.2%), axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) was performed and the remainder, 38 (31.4%), avoided ALND. CONCLUSION In patients with Luminal B, HER2(-) BC a low pCR rate should not discourage the use of NAC. The ki67 level is a guide for individualizing treatment. Especially in young patients with high ki67 levels, NAC increases the chance of breast-conserving surgery and may spare patients from ALND.
Identification of the monolayer thickness difference in a mechanically exfoliated thick flake of hexagonal boron nitride and graphite for van der Waals heterostructures

Exfoliated flakes of layered materials, such as hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and graphite with a thickness of several tens of nanometers, are used to construct van der Waals heterostructures. A flake with a desirable thickness, size, and shape is often selected from many exfoliated flakes placed randomly on a substrate using an optical microscope. This study examined the visualization of thick hBN and graphite flakes on SiO2/Si substrates through calculations and experiments. In particular, the study analyzed areas with different atomic layer thicknesses in a flake. For visualization, the SiO2 thickness was optimized based on the calculation. As an experimental result, the area with different thicknesses in a hBN flake showed different brightness in the image obtained using an optical microscope with a narrow band-pass filter. The maximum contrast was 12% with respect to the difference of monolayer thickness. In addition, hBN and graphite flakes were observed by differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy. In the observation, the area with different thicknesses exhibited different brightnesses and colors. Adjusting the DIC bias had a similar effect to selecting a wavelength using a narrow band-pass filter.
Activation of Tm‐22 resistance is mediated by a conserved cysteine essential for tobacco mosaic virus movement

Abstract The tomato Tm‐2 2 gene was considered to be one of the most durable resistance genes in agriculture, protecting against viruses of the Tobamovirus genus, such as tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). However, an emerging tobamovirus, tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV), has overcome Tm‐2 2 , damaging tomato production worldwide. Tm‐2 2 encodes a nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich repeat (NLR) class immune receptor that recognizes its effector, the tobamovirus movement protein (MP). Previously, we found that ToBRFV MP (MPToBRFV) enabled the virus to overcome Tm‐2 2 ‐mediated resistance. Yet, it was unknown how Tm‐2 2 remained durable against other tobamoviruses, such as TMV and ToMV, for over 60 years. Here, we show that a conserved cysteine (C68) in the MP of TMV (MPTMV) plays a dual role in Tm‐2 2 activation and viral movement. Substitution of MPToBRFV amino acid H67 with the corresponding amino acid in MPTMV (C68) activated Tm‐2 2 ‐mediated resistance. However, replacement of C68 in TMV and ToMV disabled the infectivity of both viruses. Phylogenetic and structural prediction analysis revealed that C68 is conserved among all Solanaceae‐infecting tobamoviruses except ToBRFV and localizes to a predicted jelly‐roll fold common to various MPs. Cell‐to‐cell and subcellular movement analysis showed that C68 is required for the movement of TMV by regulating the MP interaction with the endoplasmic reticulum and targeting it to plasmodesmata. The dual role of C68 in viral movement and Tm‐2 2 immune activation could explain how TMV was unable to overcome this resistance for such a long period.
The submillimetre colour of young stellar objects

A survey is presented of the submillimetre continuum spectra from dust around 73 young stellar objects (YSOs) associated with Herbig–Haro objects and molecular outflows. Spectra at millimetre to submillimetre wavelengths taken with similar beamsizes have been obtained for 42 of the objects, and the remainder either have been detected or have upper limits at 800 μm. The data are combined with far-infrared IRAS fluxes, and then compared with published submillimetre data from other types of YSO; this results in a data set of ∼150 submillimetre spectra. We have then employed colour–colour diagrams to investigate the differences in submillimetre continuum spectra between classes of YSOs. The majority of targets are optically obscured YSOs (generally Lada Class I); all are found to have a submillimetre spectral index (αmm) of ∼3.5. None of these objects has αmm ≤ 3.0. This is significantly different from published optically visible T Tauri stars (Class II–III), many of which have αmm ≤ 2.5. The few main-sequence stars so far observed in the submillimetre generally also have a relatively low value of αmm. We find that objects which might be classified as T Tauri stars, but which are not directly visible, have higher values of αmm. Assuming isothermal optically thin dust emission, this implies a dust emissivity index β of ∼1.5 for embedded objects, and ∼0.5 for visible objects. The reduced αmm in low optical extinction sources can be attributed to either grain growth or the formation of a compact optically thick circumstellar disc, and we discuss these two options in the light of the new data. If, as the results suggest, large fractal grains are present in the more evolved systems, then these will have higher millimetre mass opacity, implying that the determination of the circumstellar mass evolution from submillimetre continuum fluxes must take into account the evolution of the dust itself. High-mass embedded YSOs also have spectra very similar to their low-mass counterparts, but with higher dust temperature (again, under the isothermal optically thin assumption). Also, most Class 0 YSOs have high values of αmm, although three have flatter spectra more typical of fractal dust, which is difficult to explain under simple grain coagulation models. The submillimetre continuum flux is also compared with the intensity of two molecular lines: C18O J = 2–1 and H2CO 303 − 202. The integrated emission from the higher density tracer, H2CO, is well correlated with continuum flux. The C18O line shows a less significant correlation, particularly at low masses, suggesting that this may not be a good molecule to search for low-mass YSOs. By comparing T Tauri stars and younger YSOs with the same continuum flux, we find evidence that T Tauri stars are unusually weak in C18O emission, and we give some possible explanations.
Thin-films field-transfer matrix theory of planar multilayer waveguides and reflection from prism-loaded waveguides

A standard 2 × 2 matrix method-used in thin-film optics is applied to planar multilayer optical waveguides. All modes are required to satisfy substrate-to-cover field-transfer equations that reduce to the equation γcm11 + γcγsm12 + m21 + γsm22 = 0 for bound modes and leaky waves. Expressions are derived for the field profiles and the power in each medium. A first-order perturbation theory is developed and applied to absorbing multilayer guides and to the reflection of plane waves from the prism-loaded lossy multilayer guide. The latter leads to experimental arrangements for measuring losses in which the gap thickness and propagation constant are accessible parameters.
Application of Quasi-Newton Method for Separating Overlapping Peaks of Spectra

To analyze the components and their contents within the tested material more precisely,quasi-Newton method can be applied to separate overlapping peaks of spectra plotted with discrete data.Based on the curve fitted with discrete data using the least squares method,the independent peaks in overlapping peaks can be identified through solving non-linear systems via quasi-Newton method implemented with C#. The effect of initial value error and iteration parameters for the iterative method in solving non-linear systems will also be studied.After identifying independent peaks in overlapping peaks of spectra plotted with discrete data,the information of independent peaks can be analyzed,such as Lorentzian function,the height,the half-width at half-height,and the position of a peak.Some effect rules of initial value error and iteration parameters for the iterative method in solving non-linear systems have also been found.Separating overlapping peaks of spectra plotted with discrete data,the components and their contents within the tested material will be calculated more precisely,which has great application value.
Very long baseline interferometry astrometry of PSR B1257+12, a pulsar with a planetary system

An astrometry project on PSR B1257+12, a millisecond pulsar with a planetary system, has been carried out with the Very Long Baseline Array and the European Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) Network at the central frequencies of 1465 and 1540 MHz, respectively. This project consists of nine epochs of phase-referenced observations spanning about two years. Model-independent estimates of the distance and velocity of this pulsar have been obtained using VLBI astrometry for the first time. The precise distance to PSR B1257+12 is 710(-38)(+43) pc. This is in agreement with the timing results, but is larger than the predictions from dispersion measurements using Galactic electron density distribution models. The measured proper-motion components of PSR B1257+12 in right ascension and declination are 46.44 +/- 0.08 and -84.87 +/- 0.32 mas yr(-1), respectively. The corresponding transverse velocity of PSR B1257+12 is similar to 326 km s(-1), making it the only millisecond pulsar known so far with a velocity clearly exceeding 300 km s(-1). Based on these results, the apparent X-ray efficiency of this pulsar is estimated to be in the same range as other millisecond pulsars, which is not as low as previously thought. The planets around PSR B1257+12 should be formed in a protoplanetary disc. We review possible evolutionary scenarios for the protoplanetary disc, and conclude that the protoplanetary disc of this pulsar has most probably been formed by the evaporation or disruption of its companion in a binary.
A comprehensive assessment of self-reported symptoms among patients harboring an unruptured intracranial aneurysm

Background Approximately 3.2%–6% of the general population harbor an unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA). Ruptured aneurysms represent a significant healthcare burden, and preventing rupture relies on early detection and treatment. Most patients with UIAs are asymptomatic, and many of the symptoms associated with UIAs are nonspecific, which makes diagnosis challenging. This study explored symptoms associated with UIAs, the rate of resolution of such symptoms after microsurgical treatment, and the likely pathophysiology. Methods A retrospective review of patients with UIAs who underwent microsurgical treatment from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2020, at a single quaternary center were identified. Analyses included the prevalence of nonspecific symptoms upon clinical presentation and postoperative follow-up; comparisons of symptomatology by aneurysmal location; and comparisons of patient demographics, aneurysmal characteristics, and poor neurologic outcome at postoperative follow-up stratified by symptomatic versus asymptomatic presentation. Results The analysis included 454 patients; 350 (77%) were symptomatic. The most common presenting symptom among all 454 patients was headache (n = 211 [46%]), followed by vertigo (n = 94 [21%]), cognitive disturbance (n = 68[15%]), and visual disturbance (n = 64 [14%]). Among 328 patients assessed for postoperative symptoms, 258 (79%) experienced symptom resolution or improvement. Conclusion This cohort demonstrates that the clinical presentation of patients with UIAs can be associated with vague and nonspecific symptoms. Early detection is crucial to prevent aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. It is imperative that physicians not rule out aneurysms in the setting of nonspecific neurologic symptoms.
Experimental preparation and manipulation of quantum entangled states

This paper presents our experimental work on preparing and manipulating quantum entangled states in optical quantum information processing systems. The main contents are: (1) Using continuous wave(CW) laser beam to pump nonlinear crystals we successfully prepared two-photon polarization entangled states with high brightness and entanglement degree, and it is tunable in entanglement degree and we use this source to produce one kind of important mixed states——Werner states with tunable entanglement fraction in it. (2) We realized the 1→2 qubits Buek-Hillery cloning machine with linear optical devices and showed that the fidelities between the two output qubits and the original qubit are both 5/6 for arbitrary input pure states. (3) We presented a method to test the maximal violation of the CHSH inequality for non-maximally entangled pure states and experimentally realized it with our entangled state source. (4) We perform an all-or-nothing-type Kochen-Specker experiment to verify whether non-contextual hidden variables (NCHV) or quantum mechanics is right. The results strongly agree with quantum mechanics.
Q‐Whex: A simple and highly mobile quasi‐wheeled hexapod robot

This paper presents the design and control of Q‐Whex, an untethered, quasi‐wheeled hexapod robot. Q‐Whex has only six actuators—one motor located at each hip—achieving mechanical simplicity that promotes reliable and robust operation in real‐world tasks. All of the robot's mechanical parts are simply fabricated with carbon fiber plates, which makes the robot very easy to make. Q‐Whex is capable of performing wheeled‐like smooth rides over flat ground with a tripod gait, and thereby prevent the common problem of trunk fluctuations in legged‐wheel robots. It is also able to traverse height variations well exceeding its trunk clearance. The performance of Q‐Whex is evaluated in various scenarios, including driving and turning over flat terrains, ramp‐riding, step‐crossing, stair‐climbing, and irregular terrain‐traversing.
Finite control set model-free predictive current control of PMSM drives based on extended sliding mode observer

Finite control set model predictive current control (FCS-MPCC) has the advantages of simplicity, fast response and excellent performance, but the motor is susceptible to parameter perturbation due to temperature and other factors. The parameter mismatch between the prediction model and the actual model will lead to the significant degradation of the performance of FCS-MPCC control method. In order to improve the robustness of FCS-MPCC to parameters, in this paper, a new model-free predictive current control based on extended sliding mode observer (MFPSC-ESMO) is proposed. According to the idea of model-free control, an improved current prediction controller is designed, which only uses the input and output of the system without considering specific parameters, and uses the extended sliding mode observer to observe the unknown disturbance in the hyperlocal model. The simulation results show that compared with the traditional FCS-MPCC, the proposed method has lower current ripple and torque ripple, and stronger robustness under parameter perturbation.
Everyday Life vs Art: Effects of Framing on the Mode of Object Interpretation

Everyday objects have often been used in contemporary art since Marcel Duchamp introduced the concept of the ready-made. However, it is not clear how everyday objects are perceived in art contexts in comparison to everyday contexts. We investigated how individuals interpret pairings of images of everyday objects as artworks and as objects in everyday life. In Study 1, we found that participants evaluated pairings of unrelated images of objects as fitting together more under the art condition compared to the everyday condition. In Study 2, using the thought-listing technique, we found that participants ascribed symbolic meanings to everyday objects more often under the art condition. In Study 3, we found that associating unrelated images of objects under the art condition primes cognitive access to symbolic meanings of visual scenes. Overall, the studies show that everyday objects are interpreted differently in an art context as compared to an everyday context.
Development of a Pneumatic-Driven Fiber-Shaped Robot Scaffold for Use as a Complex 3D Dynamic Culture System

Cells can sense and respond to different kinds of continuous mechanical strain in the human body. Mechanical stimulation needs to be included within the in vitro culture system to better mimic the existing complexity of in vivo biological systems. Existing commercial dynamic culture systems are generally two-dimensional (2D) which fail to mimic the three-dimensional (3D) native microenvironment. In this study, a pneumatically driven fiber robot has been developed as a platform for 3D dynamic cell culture. The fiber robot can generate tunable contractions upon stimulation. The surface of the fiber robot is formed by a braiding structure, which provides promising surface contact and adequate space for cell culture. An in-house dynamic stimulation using the fiber robot was set up to maintain NIH3T3 cells in a controlled environment. The biocompatibility of the developed dynamic culture systems was analyzed using LIVE/DEAD™ and alamarBlue™ assays. The results showed that the dynamic culture system was able to support cell proliferation with minimal cytotoxicity similar to static cultures. However, we observed a decrease in cell viability in the case of a high strain rate in dynamic cultures. Differences in cell arrangement and proliferation were observed between braided sleeves made of different materials (nylon and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene). In summary, a simple and cost-effective 3D dynamic culture system has been proposed, which can be easily implemented to study complex biological phenomena in vitro.
Tempering time and air temperature relationships for real-scale paddy drying and their effects on the physical, physicochemical, and morphological qualities of polished rice

Abstract Tempering-drying time may affect the quality of polished rice. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the effect of drying-tempering time and air temperature relationships on the physical, physicochemical, and morphological qualities of polished rice. Herein, paddy with 20–24% (w.b.) moisture were subjected to drying and tempering with air temperatures of 75–115 °C, 115–130 °C, and 75–130 °C over 14 h to reduce their moisture content up to 12% (w.b.). With the increase in the paddy mass temperature to 49 °C, the whole grain yield and the percentages of protein, crude fiber, fat, and ash reduced; additionally, the morphology of starch and the composition of minerals were altered. The cumulative effects and prolonged time of the drying-tempering influenced the physical, physicochemical, and morphological qualities of the rice. In conclusion, paddy drying technologies with tempering periods should not be designed for temperatures not exceeding 75 °C and drying times not longer than 8 h for good system performance and rice quality.
Tokenism and Asian-American Education Industry

Tokenism is the practice of including a small number of people from underrepresented groups in an organization or environment, typically for the sake of appearances or quotas, without providing any real power or meaningful work. In the context of the education industry, tokenism can refer to the act of hiring a small number of Asian-American educators to appear diverse without giving them any absolute authority or opportunities for advancement. This paper will explore the prevalence of tokenism in the education industry, specifically as it relates to Asian-American educators. Using various contexts, this paper will discuss the implications of tokenism on the individuals who are included as tokens, the Asian-American community as a whole and the various obstacles that hinder the retention of Asian-American teachers and learners. Additionally, this paper will offer suggestions for combating tokenism in the education industry and creating more inclusive environments. This paper will also avail the justifications for recruiting more Asian educators, bridging cultural gaps in America, and highlighting future research problems. Tokenism is a harmful practice that has far-reaching implications. In the context of the education industry, tokenism can limit the career advancement opportunities of Asian-American educators and also deliver the message that Asian-Americans are incapable of being leaders in the field of education. Tokenism is a form of discrimination that should be addressed to create more inclusive environments in the education industry.