Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deciphering the physiological response of Escherichia coli under high ATP demand

One long‐standing question in microbiology is how microbes buffer perturbations in energy metabolism. In this study, we systematically analyzed the impact of different levels of ATP demand in Escherichia coli under various conditions (aerobic and anaerobic, with and without cell growth). One key finding is that, under all conditions tested, the glucose uptake increases with rising ATP demand, but only to a critical level beyond which it drops markedly, even below wild‐type levels. Focusing on anaerobic growth and using metabolomics and proteomics data in combination with a kinetic model, we show that this biphasic behavior is induced by the dual dependency of the phosphofructokinase on ATP (substrate) and ADP (allosteric activator). This mechanism buffers increased ATP demands by a higher glycolytic flux but, as shown herein, it collapses under very low ATP concentrations. Model analysis also revealed two major rate‐controlling steps in the glycolysis under high ATP demand, which could be confirmed experimentally. Our results provide new insights on fundamental mechanisms of bacterial energy metabolism and guide the rational engineering of highly productive cell factories.
Slow wave transmission line transformers

Development of a periodic structure to coupled slow- and fast-wave transmission lines is described. The slow-wave line is a coaxial line with rectangular corrugations on the outer conductor and with smooth metallic walls for the inner conductor. The fast-wave structure is a coaxial line with smooth inner and outer metallic conductors, or with outer conductors where the corrugation depth approaches zero. The unit cells, or quarter-wave sections, are developed for both binomial and Chebyshev coefficients. The Chebyshev transformer is designed for arbitrary bandwidths from 1.0 to larger numbers, and when the bandwidth equals 1.0, the binomial and Chebyshev transformers are identical. The Chebyshev coefficients are applied in calculating characteristic impedances for prescribed input and output line impedances. The modification here is inclusion of slow/fast wave velocities to the characteristic impedance. >
Long-Term Multilevel Intervention Impact on Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Rates Spanning the COVID-19 Pandemic

Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the long-term sustainability of a multilevel intervention and the COVID-19 pandemic impact on adolescent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination coverage. Materials and Methods In 2016, a pediatric and family medicine practice within a federally qualified health center completed a multilevel intervention, Development of Systems and Education for Human Papillomavirus Vaccination. We examined the intervention impact on HPV vaccine initiation and completion rates among adolescents 10–18 years between March 2016 and October 2020. We determined the total number of HPV vaccine doses administered monthly. Data were plotted on statistical process control charts. Results Vaccine initiation increased from an average of 14% to an average of 42% for 10-year-old patients and from an average of 72% to an average of 92% for 11- to 12-year-old patients between March 2016 and January 2017 and remained stable through March 2020. Complete vaccination by age 13 years increased from 62% to 88% through October 2020. Conclusions This intervention led to continued improvement for on-time HPV vaccination coverage 4 years after intervention completion. Clinical Trial Registration: This trial has been registered at http://www.clinicaltrials. gov (identifier NCT02812732).
Micro plastics in soil ecosystem – A review of sources, fate, and ecological impact

In recent years, environmental experts and stakeholders have paid increased attention to the pollution of micro plastics in the soil. As persistent pollutants, micro plastics have a significant impact on the soil ecology, agricultural production, and the overall health of the ecological environment. Micro plastics can influence soil bio-physicochemical properties and the mobility of other contaminants in soil, with potentially significant implications on soil ecosystem functionality. Thus, functions including litter decomposition, soil aggregation or those related to nutrient cycling can be altered. Furthermore, micro plastics can influence soil biota at different trophic levels, and even threaten human health through food chains. Despite this potential negative interaction, there is limited research on micro plastics in the soil environment. The primary goals of this review are to summarise the sources, distribution characteristics, migration and degradation laws of micro plastics in the soil ecosystem, to summarise the combined effects of micro plastics and other pollutants in the soil ecosystem, to analyse the effects of micro plastics on soil physical and chemical properties, animals, plants, and microorganisms, and to reveal the effects of micro plastics on soil ecosystem and to according to the distribution characteristics of soil micro plastics, degradation, migration and ecological effects, propose pollution control measures. This current review will provide a comprehensive understanding of soil pollution by micro plastic and offer a scientific basis for the formulation of novel management practices that will protect and improve soils, and contribute to the sustainable development of the ecological environment and highlight important areas for future research.
Copyright 2009 by Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Inc. All rights reserved. 10.1518/107118109X12524444081791

The negative consequences of performing multiple concurrent tasks while driving were well documented; however, it was unclear how drivers processed pieces of information that were delivered closely in time and their distractibility due to the types of information received. The objective of this study was to identify the mechanisms that mediated drivers’ ability to process relevant and ignore irrelevant signals that could be delivered simultaneously. An experiment, using modified Lavie’s response-competition paradigm, was to compare drivers’ processing of distractors under perceptually-loaded and cognitively-loaded situations. Specifically, higher perceptual load would lead to decreased distractor processing and higher cognitive load would lead to increased distractor processing. The results didn’t show the same direction as Lavie’s load theory.
A discussion of some concepts in thermal aging test-thermal aging and thermal breakdown

Based on the experimental and analytical research results, the thermal stress preprocess and its performance in a thermal aging test should be divided into two distinct physical phases: thermal aging (TA) and thermal breakdown (TB). This paper presents firstly the definitions of TA, TB, and some related concepts in a thermal aging test for winding insulation systems, then discusses the property and distinction between TA and TB, the two kinds of different physical processes in the aging performance study, by means of an aging test with high accuracy. Finally the significance of this distinction for the research of thermal stress performance as well as for the fault detection and prognosis is explained in the paper.
A trajectory generation module for 2D and 2D1/2 environment

A trajectory generation module for a mobile robot in a 2D environment and for a robot arm in a 2D1/2 environment made of low height objects placed on a work surface is discussed. For the mobile robot, the problem of driving into a narrow corridor is solved by means of a backtracking process. Obstacle avoidance is carried out by taking into account only the wrist and the end effector of the robot. This allows the determination of a grasping configuration of convex and concave objects, and allows the choice of the shortest, collision-free trajectory. <<ETX>>
Development of terahertz gyrotrons for spectroscopy at MIT

Gyrotron oscillators are vacuum electron devices that have delivered megawatt average power levels at millimeter wavelengths. The lack of other sources that are able to match these power levels at high frequency, with the exception of much bulkier free-electron lasers, makes the gyrotron the oscillator of choice in many applications such as plasma heating, materials processing, and plasma diagnostics. Although the main attractiveness of the gyrotron resides in its high power capability, the ability to extend the frequency of operation into the terahertz frequency band is another attractive feature of the gyrotron. In addition, some applications would also benefit from having a frequency-tunable generator. For instance, the operation of a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer enhanced by dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) would be greatly simplified by utilizing a continuously tunable continuous-wave (CW) gyrotron. This paper describes the development and application of terahertz frequency gyrotron oscillators and sub-terahertz gyrotron amplifiers for the program of research on DNP/NMR. It will also describe the development of ancillary components such as low-loss waveguide for transmission of the terahertz radiation.
Analysis and Design of Microstrip Patch Antenna Slotted Circle with Heptagon Loaded Innovative Metamaterial Structure

In the proposed work a new design of meta- material to provide improvement into the factors of the rectangular microstrip patch antenna (RMPA) at the resonant frequency of 1.9 GHz. In this work enrichment of the antenna parameters are provided by using a meta- material structure of the proposed design. The antenna parameter like Bandwidth and return loss get a large while other factors like efficiency and directivity are also improved slightly. This design of meta-material is loaded over the patch antenna to give an enrichment into the antenna factors. CST (Computer Simulation Technique) software is used in to the whole design and analysis process. By using the proposed design the bandwidth of antenna is increased up to 30.7 MHz and Return loss is reduced up to -24.26. After the designing process we prove the structure used is a meta-material structure with the help of NRW approach and excel software.
The effectiveness of artificial intelligence on learning achievement and learning perception: A meta-analysis

ABSTRACT Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have been widely used in the field of education, and artificial intelligence in education (AIEd) has gained increasing attention. However, no quantitative meta-analysis has been conducted on the overall effectiveness of AI on learning achievement and learning perception. To close this research gap, this study conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of the effects of AI on learning achievement and learning perception. The present meta-analysis synthesized 24 articles with a total of 2908 participants from 2001 to 2020. The findings reveal that AI had a high effect size on learning achievement and a small effect size on learning perception. The effect sizes of 13 moderator variables were analyzed, including sample levels, sample size, learning domains, learning methods, research design, research settings, intervention duration, types of organization for treatment, role of AI, areas of AI application, AI software, AI hardware, and AI technologies. It was found that sample size, sample level, learning domains, types of organization, roles of AI, and hardware significantly moderated the effectiveness of AI. The results and the implications for educators and practitioners are discussed in depth.
Design Guidelines for Microwave Filters in Gap Waveguide Technology

In this paper, the effects of each physical parameter of a gap waveguide structure on the key factors for the design and realization of gap waveguide bandpass filters (BPFs) are discussed and a set of design guidelines is presented. Based on the proposed design guidelines, a third-order differential bandpass filter with intrinsic common-mode suppression is designed, fabricated, and measured for demonstration. Practical considerations regarding the EM power leak from the gap waveguide cavities are also highlighted.
Noise improvement beyond the "kT/C limit"" in low frequency C-T filters

A technique to improve the noise performance of low frequency continuous-time filters is presented. The technique is based on scaling the filter's capacitor currents using current mirrors. First a representative current-scaled filter topology is analyzed using a generic current mirror model. It is concluded that the transconductance of the current mirror transistors should be small if a noise improvement is to be achieved. Noise properties of down-scaling bipolar and MOS current mirrors are presented along with comparisons to the generic model. Several current-scaled 100 Hz first-order low-pass filters have been designed and optimized for low noise, using the obtained analysis results. Simulation results indicate that if a class A/B biasing scheme is used for the down-scaling current mirrors, then a noise improvement of at least 8 dB can be obtained, when compared to a nonscaled reference filter. Comparing the simulated noise to the fundamental limit for a passive RC-filter (kT/C), a 5 dB lower noise level is demonstrated.
Energy Balance Analysis on the Slow Pyrolysis Process of Cattle Manure

Energy balances are increasingly used to assess the energy efficiency and productivity of production. In this study, energy balances for the slow pyrolysis process of cow manure were calculated. The results show that, for cow manure dry matter, all the recovered energy value from the pyrolysis process products is about 12 times of the energy needs for the dry matters pyrolysis process. But the moisture has a noteworthy impact on the energy efficiency. When the input moisture is 60.85%, the recovered energy value from all products is approximately equal to the process energy consumption, and if only using non-condensable gases (NCG) as the energy resource, the input moisture should lower than 36.63%. Meanwhile, if the vapor could be separated in the beginning phase of pyrolysis process, the energy efficiency will be greatly improved, e.g. if removed all water vapor out the system at 423K, the former two data could be 71.43% and 48.18%, which is 10.58% and 11.45% higher than the process without vapor separation handling.
Examining determinants of cross buying behaviour in retail banking

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the drivers of the customers’ cross-buying intentions for retail banking services in Hong Kong. Design/methodology/approach – The research model was developed based on literature and tested empirically among 269 customers of retail banks in Hong Kong. Structural equation modelling was used to test the system of relationships. Findings – The results indicate that the customers’ cross-buying intentions are primarily associated with image conflicts about the provider’s abilities to deliver high quality financial services from different activities and high levels of customer loyalty. Research limitations/implications – The research is limited to a single country focus of Hong Kong retail banking. The generalizibility of these findings is therefore limited to this context. Practical implications – The findings of the study have important implications for academicians in understanding what drives cross-buying behaviour as well as retail bank practitioners to hel.
An Analysis on the Architecture and the Size of Quantized Hardware Neural Networks Based on Memristors

We have performed different simulation experiments in relation to hardware neural networks (NN) to analyze the role of the number of synapses for different NN architectures in the network accuracy, considering different datasets. A technology that stands upon 4-kbit 1T1R ReRAM arrays, where resistive switching devices based on HfO2 dielectrics are employed, is taken as a reference. In our study, fully dense (FdNN) and convolutional neural networks (CNN) were considered, where the NN size in terms of the number of synapses and of hidden layer neurons were varied. CNNs work better when the number of synapses to be used is limited. If quantized synaptic weights are included, we observed that NN accuracy decreases significantly as the number of synapses is reduced; in this respect, a trade-off between the number of synapses and the NN accuracy has to be achieved. Consequently, the CNN architecture must be carefully designed; in particular, it was noticed that different datasets need specific architectures according to their complexity to achieve good results. It was shown that due to the number of variables that can be changed in the optimization of a NN hardware implementation, a specific solution has to be worked in each case in terms of synaptic weight levels, NN architecture, etc.
The Application of Circle Fitting in Detection of Machining Quality of Punched Sheets Based on Machine Vision

Detection of quality is a necessary procedure in the processing of machining punched sheets. It includes detection of the size of the holes and the distance of neighbored holes on the punched sheets and other machining parameters. Detection completed by workers is the traditional method which is low precision and low efficiency. According to the requirement of real industrial production this paper approaches a detection system based on machine vision which is used to detect the machining quality of punched sheets. The system is including the methods of detection of sub-pixel edge and circle fitting, and is used to improve the precision of detection. Experiment suggests that the detection result of this system is better.
A Spatial Downscaling Methodology for GRACE Total Water Storage Anomalies Using GPM IMERG Precipitation Estimates

A downscaling framework for coarse resolution Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) Total Water Storage Anomaly (TWSA) data is described, exploiting the observations of precipitation from the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission, using the Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG). Considering that the major driving force for changes in TWS is precipitation, we tested our hypothesis that coarse resolution, i.e., 1°, GRACE TWSA can be effectively downscaled to 0.1° using GPM IMERG data. The algorithm for the downscaling process comprises the development of a regression equation at the coarse resolution between the GRACE and GPM IMERG data, which is then applied at the finer resolution with a subsequent residual correction procedure. An ensemble of GRACE data from three processing centers, i.e., GFZ, JPL and CSR, was used for the time period from June 2018 until March 2021. To verify our downscaling methodology, we applied it with GRACE data from 2005 to 2015, and we compared it against modeled TWSA from two independent datasets in the Thrace and Thessaly regions in Greece for the same period and found a high performance in all examined metrics. Our research indicates that the downscaled GRACE observations are comparable to the TWSA estimated with hydrological modeling, thus highlighting the potential of GRACE data to contribute to the improvement of hydrological model performance, especially in ungauged basins.
HRM practices of Canadian and US manufacturing firms: An empirical investigation

This research investigates human resource management HRM practices of manufacturing firms in Ontario, Canada n = 141 , and midwestern United States n = 100 . Differences in sources of recruitment and selection instruments used by firms in the two countries are examined. The study also compares various training, compensation, and other HRM issues. We found major differences in HRM practices of manufacturing firms in the US and Canada.
Uranium 2005: Resources, Production and Demand

In the early 1960s, when commercial applications of nuclear energy to generate electricity were founded, a group of experts from national atomic energy organisations was brought together by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development to evaluate uranium resources in an economic perspective, under the auspices of the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA). This group of geologists, mining engineers, economists, nuclear engineers and other professionals became known as the Uranium Group. In 1991, the Uranium Group moved toward a truly global assessment when experts from the former Eastern Block countries joined. In 1996, coverage was further broadened when International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) member states became full participating members and the Uranium Group was reorganized as the Joint NEA-IAEA Uranium Group. Reports prepared by the Uranium Group are published biennially under the title AUranium, Resources, Production and Demand@, more commonly known as the ARed Book@. The Red Book summarizes the global situation based on information provided by members appointed by their government following established protocol.
A global supplier selection process for food packaging

Purpose – Numerous research articles and industry reports are currently available that deal with global sourcing, however, few articles and reports can be specifically found on sourcing packaging materials in the consumer packaged food (CPF) industry. The purpose of this paper is to understand and develop the supplier selection process and overall cost modeling that facilitates the selection of a high‐quality global supplier for low‐cost packaging materials used in large quantities for CPF products.Design/methodology/approach – To gain information relating to packaging material sourcing, a comprehensive literature search was conducted. Additionally, interviews with packaging material sourcing managers and directors were performed at a major global CPF products manufacturer. Knowledge gained from literature, industry interviews and available business data was used to develop a generic strategic outsourcing model and a closed loop business framework for selection of global suppliers of packaging material. T.
Removing autocorrelation sidelobes by overlaying orthogonal coding on any train of identical pulses

A coherent train of identical linear FM (LFM) pulses is used extensively in radar because of its good range and Doppler resolution. Its relatively high autocorrelation function (ACF) sidelobes are sometimes reduced through spectrum shaping (e.g., nonlinear FM, or intrapulse weighting on receive). We show how to completely remove most of the ACF sidelobes about the mainlobe peak, without any increase to the mainlobe width, by diversifying the pulses through overlaying them with orthonormal coding. A helpful byproduct of this design is reduced ACF recurrent lobes. The overlaid signal also results in reduced Doppler tolerance, which can be considered as a drawback for some applications. The method is applied to several trains of identical pulses (LFM and others) using several orthonormal codes. The effect on the three important properties of the radar signal: ACF, ambiguity function (AY), and frequency spectrum is presented. The effect on Doppler tolerance is studied, and implementation issues are discussed. The new design is also compared with complementary and sub-complementary pulse trains and is shown to be superior in many aspects.
Platforms and Planning: Pennsylvania's Transition to Enterprise Computing

The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania’s ongoing efforts to pursue enterprise computing are analyzed from two perspectives. First, historical changes over the course of a decade (19952004) are characterized as one state government shifts from an organizational to an enterprise perspective. From a strategic perspective, examples of information and communications technology (ICT) planning highlight the nature and roles of strategic alignment used to achieve the desired goals of the efforts, and to explicate expected activities and second-order effects of the enterprise from a platform perspective. Findings from this analysis mark the importance of strategic planning for providing a means to integrate across enterprise processes, operations, and standards, the need for bi-directional and continuous mapping of the enterprise, and the need for reflection and evaluation even after that the enterprise is engaged.