Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Late-Season Drought Stress on some Physiological Traits, Yield and Yield Components of Wheat Genotypes

Drought, one of the environmental stresses, is the most significant factor restricting plant production in the majority of agricultural fields of the world. Wheat is generally grown on arid -agricultural fields. Drought often causes serious problems in wheat production areas. In order to investigate the effect of late season drought stress on some physiological traits, yield and yield components of seen wheat genotypes and experiment was conducted in Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, Iran during 2012-2013 growing season. Six wheat lines and one cultivar as control (C -85-D8, C-85-D9, C-85-D13, C-88-D5, C-88-D6, C-85-D12 and Pishgam cultivar) were evaluated in two separate normal and drought stress conditions (no irrigation at 50% pollination stage) using a split plot layout based on randomized complete block design with three replications. According to the results, drought stress decreased 1000 -seed weight, seed number per ear and final seed yield. In addition, drought stress was responsible for cons iderable reduction in chlorophyll content, photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration. Moreover, there was significant difference between wheat genotypes so that C-85D-13 and C-85D-9 genotypes showed the highest compatibility with drought stress conditions. In addition, the results showed that Pishgam cultivar was a suitable cultivar for both normal and stressed conditions.
Does Educational Status Influence Parents’ Response to Bad News in the NICU?

Communication in neonatal intensive care units and the relationship between families and staff have been reported to influence parental mental well-being. Research has also shown an impact of parental educational level on their well-being. However, whether different educational levels result in different reactions to breaking bad news (BBN) by physicians remains unanswered so far. We therefore examined the impact of parental level of education on their mental state after a BBN conversation and their relation to physicians. A prospective quantitative survey was conducted amongst 54 parents whose preterm or term infants were hospitalized in three German neonatal units. Parental education was classified as low (lower secondary/less (1), n: 23) or high (higher secondary/more (2), n: 31). Parents answered questions about certain aspects of and their mental state after BBN and their trust in physicians. The two groups did not differ significantly in their mental condition after BBN, with both reporting high levels of exhaustion and worries, each (median (min;max): (1): 16 (6;20) vs. (2): 14 (5;20), (scaling: 5–20)). However, lower-educated parents reported a lower trust in physicians (median (min;max): (1): 2 (0;9) vs. (2): 1 (0;6), p < 0.05 (scaling: 0–10)) and felt less safe during BBN (median (min;max): (1): 15 (9;35) vs. (2): 13 (9;33), p < 0.05). Only among higher-educated parents was trust in physicians significantly correlated with the safety and orientation provided during BBN (r: 0.583, p < 0.05, r: 0.584, p < 0.01). Concurrently, only among less-educated parents was safety correlated with the hope conveyed during BBN (r: 0.763, p < 0.01). Therefore, in BBN discussions with less-educated parents, physicians should focus more on giving them hope to promote safety.
Simulation of the urban climate in a Chinese megacity with spatially heterogeneous anthropogenic heat data

Anthropogenic heat release (AHR) by human activities in cities is a key contributing factor to the generation of the urban heat island (UHI) effect; thus, AHR should be incorporated into urban climate and environmental modeling. In this study, gridded AHR data with high spatial resolution (1 km) were included in the integrated weather research and forecasting (WRF)/urban modeling system to investigate the urban environment of Hangzhou City, which is the capital of Zhejiang Province in east China. The AHR data were estimated for this province based on the significant correlation between energy consumption statistics data and multisensor remote‐sensing data (namely, nighttime light imagery and a vegetation index). The coupled model was evaluated against available observational data derived from a dense automatic weather station network in Hangzhou. The effects of AHR and urban land use on the urban environment were investigated with three sensitivity numerical experiments. Results showed that the mean UHI intensity reached 0.95°C and 1.66°C in winter and in summer, respectively, and that AHR contributed 65.26% and 17.47% to UHI intensity in the two seasons. In winter, AHR significantly impacted the diurnal variation in UHI, and the two UHI intensity peaks ascribed to AHR were detected during rush hours. The impact of AHR on planetary boundary layer (PBL) height was similar to its contribution to UHI effect, with a large contribution in winter. Moreover, UHI enhanced atmospheric vertical motions, which led to precipitation changes, especially during summer. A convective and deep PBL was detected and triggered convective precipitation over or downwind of Hangzhou City during summer. Given the anticipated increase in global urban populations, characterizing the spatial‐temporal variations of AHR and its impacts is essential toward continued progress in urban climate assessment.
Review of the feed industry from a historical perspective and implications for its future.

The history of the feed industry is pertinent in terms of understanding how and why certain practices have evolved. Some of these practices have been superseded by modern, more natural alternatives, for example the traditional use of antibiotics in feed. In other cases, such as inorganic minerals, more natural versions akin to those found in plant and animal materials are available, although these new initiatives are still being taken up globally. Research continues to increase our knowledge and understanding of nutrient balance and digestion, and in some species this is more advanced than others. The following paper represents the first complete history of the feed industry, its major milestones, and projects how it might continue to utilise new technology developments to improve animal feeding practices.
Enhanced SAR Imagery by Autoblocking Approach Using Morphology Amoeba in ADMM Manner

For conventional structure-guaranteed synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery problems, some of them are modeled as <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\ell _{1}/\ell _{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> mixed norm regularization, and some are modeled as a group of least absolute shrinkage and selection operator. However, due to the inflexible prior based on the Euclidean distance blocking, the target of interests and the background noise are easily attributed into the same block, which will consequently be retained or removed simultaneously. Therefore, it is difficult to distinguish the target with rich structures in a complicated environment. In this article, to realize the elaborated structure feature enhancement of interested targets in the echoed SAR data, a novel morphological autoblocking-alternating direction method of multipliers (MAB-ADMM) SAR imaging algorithm is proposed with a hybrid Frobenius and morphology <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\ell _\mathrm{{F}}/\ell _\mathrm{{M}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> norm regularization. To realize the flexible blocking, an autoblocking mechanism is constructed by spatially-variant morphological amoeba (SVMA) in the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\ell _\mathrm{{F}}/\ell _\mathrm{{M}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> mixed norm. In the autoblocking mechanism, the geodesic distance of SVMA is utilized to accurately and flexibly fit the target structure and guarantee the elaborated structure. Moreover, in the proposed MAB-ADMM algorithm, the flexibly blocking structure feature and intrablock sparse feature are jointly optimized by the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\ell _\mathrm{{F}}/\ell _\mathrm{{M}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\ell _{1}$</tex-math></inline-formula> norm. In the experiments, both simulated and raw SAR data collected by an airborne SAR are applied to qualitatively evaluate the proposed algorithm. Comparisons with conventional methods are carried out to reveal the superiority of the proposed algorithm. Moreover, the phase transition diagram is shown to verify the proposed algorithm in terms of quantitative aspects.
TRANSIENT STORAGE ASSESSMENTS OF DYE‐TRACER INJECTIONS IN RIVERS OF THE WILLAMETTE BASIN, OREGON 1

ABSTRACT: Rhodamine WT dye‐tracer injections in rivers of the Willamette Basin yield concentration‐time curves with characteristically long recession times suggestive of active transient storage processes. The scale of drainage areas contributing to the stream reaches studied in the Willamette Basin ranges from 10 to 12,000 km2. A transient storage assessment of the tracer studies has been completed using the U.S. Geological Survey's One‐dimensional Transport with Inflow and Storage (OTIS) model, which incorporates storage exchange and decay functions along with the traditional dispersion and advection transport equation. The analysis estimates solute transport of the dye. It identifies first‐order decay coefficients to be on the order of 10−5/sec for the nonconservative Rhodamine W.T. On an individual subreach basis, the first‐order decay is slower (typically by an order of magnitude) than the transient storage process, indicating that nonconservative tracers may be used to evaluate transient storage in rivers. In the transient storage analysis, a dimensionless parameter (As/A) expresses the spatial extent of storage zone area relative to stream cross section. In certain reaches of Willamette Basin pool‐and‐riffle, gravel‐bed rivers, this parameter was as large as 0.5. A measure of the storage exchange flux was calculated for each stream subreach in the simulation analysis. This storage exchange is shown subjectively to be higher at higher stream discharges. Hyporheic linkage between streams and subsurface flows is the probable physical mechanism contributing to a significant part of this inferred active transient storage. Hyporheic linkages are further suggested by detailed measurements of river discharge with an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler system delineating zones in two large rivers where water alternately enters and leaves the surface channels through gravel‐and‐cobble riverbeds. Measurements show patterns of hyporheic exchange that are highly variable in time and space.
Potential Phytochemicals and Pharmacological Aspect of Ficus deltoidea Plant

Ficus deltoidea is a potential plant used for several purposes. This plant traditionally used for various treatment in the different parts of the globe. Ficus deltoidea has diversed morphology and mostly found in south Asian countries. Due to its great potential, recently it is getting famous as more attention given in exploring herbs as an alternative for medicine. The active phytochemicals of F. deltoidea have been studied for antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, anti-ulcerogenic and wound healing activities. This review article will focus on to elaborate the active phytochemicals and pharmacological properties of F. deltoidea plant.
Interferon ɛ restricts Zika virus infection in the female reproductive tract

Abstract Interferon ɛ (IFNɛ) is a unique type I IFN that has been implicated in host defense against sexually transmitted infections. Zika virus (ZIKV), an emerging pathogen, can infect the female reproductive tract (FRT) and cause devastating diseases, particularly in pregnant women. How IFNɛ contributes to protection against ZIKV infection in vivo is unknown. In this study, we show that IFNɛ plays a critical role in host protection against vaginal ZIKV infection in mice. We found that IFNɛ was expressed not only by epithelial cells in the FRT but also by immune and stromal cells at baseline or after exposure to viruses or specific Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists. IFNɛ-deficient mice exhibited abnormalities in the epithelial border and underlying tissue in the cervicovaginal tract, and these defects were associated with increased susceptibility to vaginal but not subcutaneous ZIKV infection. IFNɛ deficiency resulted in an increase in magnitude, duration, and depth of ZIKV infection in the FRT. Critically, intravaginal administration of recombinant IFNɛ protected Ifnɛ−/− mice and highly susceptible Ifnar1−/− mice against vaginal ZIKV infection, indicating that IFNɛ was sufficient to provide protection even in the absence of signals from other type I IFNs and in an IFNAR1-independent manner. Our findings reveal a potentially critical role for IFNɛ in mediating protection against the transmission of ZIKV in the context of sexual contact.
Extension in the Tyrrhenian Sea and shortening in the Apennines as result of arc migration driven by sinking of the lithosphere

Previously proposed models for the evolution of the Tyrrhenian basin-Apenninic arc system do not seem to satisfactorily explain the dynamic relationship between extension in the Tyrrhenian and compression in the Apennines. The most important regional plate kinematic constraints that any model has to satisfy in this case are: (1) the timing of extension in the Tyrrhenian and compression in the Apennines, (2) the amount of shortening in the Apennines, (3) the amount of extension in the Tyrrhenian, and (4) Africa-Europe relative motion. The estimated contemporaneous (post-middle Miocene) amounts of extension in the Tyrrhenian and of shortening in the Apennines appear to be very similar. The extension in the Tyrrhenian Sea is mostly accomplished in an E-W direction, and cannot be straightforwardly related to the calculated N-S Africa-Europe convergence. A model of outward arc migration fits all these constraints. In a subducting system, the subduction zone is expected to migrate outward due to the sinking of the underthrusting plate into the mantle. The formation of a back-arc or internal basin, i.e. of a basin internal to the surrounding belt of compression, (in this case the Tyrrhenian Sea) is then expected to take place if the motion of the overriding plate does not compensate for the retreat of the subduction zone. The sediment cover will be stripped from the underthrusting plate by the outward migrating arc of the overriding plate, and will accumulate to form an accretionary wedge. This accretionary body will grow outward in time, and will eventually become an orogenic belt, (in this case the present Apennines) when the migrating arc collides with the stable continental foreland on the subducting plate. An arc migration model satisfactorily accounts for the basic features of the Tyrrhenian-Apennine system and for its evolution from 17 Ma to the present, and appears to be analogous to the tectonic evolution of other back-arc settings both inside and outside the Mediterranean region. An interesting implication of the proposed accretionary origin of the Apennines is that the problematic “Argille Scagliose” (scaly clays) melange units might have been emplaced as overpressured mud diapirs, as observed in other accretionary prisms, and not by gravity slides from the internal zones.
A Severity Assessment of Python Code Smells

Presence of code smells complicate the source code and can obstruct the development and functionality of the software project. As they represent improper behavior that might have an adverse effect on software maintenance, code smells are behavioral in nature. Python is widely used for various software engineering activities and tends tool to contain code smells that affect its quality. This study investigates five code smells diffused in 20 Python software comprising 10550 classes and analyses its severity index using metric distribution at the class level. Subsequently, a behavioral analysis has been conducted over the considered modification period (phases) for the code smell undergoing class change proneness. Furthermore, it helps to investigate the accurate multinomial classifier for mining the severity index. It witnesses the change in severity at the class level over the modification period by mapping its characteristics over various statistical functions and hypotheses. Our findings reveal that the Cognitive Complexity of code smell is the most severe one. The remaining four smells are centered around the moderate range, having an average severity index value. The results suggest that the J48 algorithm was the accurate multinomial classifier for classifying the severity of code smells with 92.98% accuracy in combination with the AdaBoost method. The findings of our empirical evaluation can be beneficial for the software developers to prioritize the code smells in the pre-refactoring phase and can help manage the code smells in forthcoming releases, subsequently saving ample time and resources spent in the development and maintenance of software projects.
Dyslipidemia in rheumatoid arthritis: the possible mechanisms

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease, of which the leading cause of death is cardiovascular disease (CVD). The levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) in RA decrease especially under hyperinflammatory conditions. It is conflictive with the increased risk of CVD in RA, which is called “lipid paradox”. The systemic inflammation may explain this apparent contradiction. The increased systemic proinflammatory cytokines in RA mainly include interleukin-6(IL-6)、interleukin-1(IL-1)and tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α). The inflammation of RA cause changes in the subcomponents and structure of HDL particles, leading to a weakened anti-atherosclerosis function and promoting LDL oxidation and plaque formation. Dysfunctional HDL can further worsen the abnormalities of LDL metabolism, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the specific mechanisms underlying lipid changes in RA and increased CVD risk remain unclear. Therefore, this article comprehensively integrates the latest existing literature to describe the unique lipid profile of RA, explore the mechanisms of lipid changes, and investigate the impact of lipid changes on cardiovascular disease.
Prediction of Northeast Brazil Rainfall Anomalies

Abstract Expanding on earlier research, empirically based methods are developed for predicting March-September rainfall in northern Northeast Brazil. From a network of 27 raingage stations in Brazil's Nordeste, new rainfall index series are constructed for March-September (MS) and October-January (OJ). Data input to stepwise multiple regression models further include January values of the Tahiti minus Darwin pressure index, an index of sea surface temperature (SST) in the equatorial Pacific (PWT), and indices of the fields of meridional (v) and zonal (u) wind components and of SST in the tropical Atlantic between 30°N and 30°S (AFV, ARJ, and AFT, respectively). Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of the v, u, and SST fields was used in constructing the latter three indices. Throughout the study, a sharp distinction is kept between a “dependent” dataset (1921–42 and 1948–57) used as a training period and an “independent” portion of the record (1958–87) reserved for prediction experiments. Preseaso.
Theory and application of the Day plot (Mrs/Ms versus Hcr/Hc) 1. Theoretical curves and tests using titanomagnetite data

[1] Although most paleomagnetic and environmental magnetic papers incorporate a Day plot of the hysteresis parameters Mrs/Ms versus Hcr/Hc, a comprehensive theory covering superparamagnetic (SP), single-domain (SD), pseudo-single-domain (PSD), and multidomain (MD) (titano)magnetites is lacking. There is no consensus on how to quantify grain-size trends within the Day plot, how to distinguish MD from SP trends/mixtures, or whether magnetite, titanomagnetites, and other minerals have distinctive trends by which they might be identified. This paper develops the theory of the Day plot parameters for MD, MD + SD, PSD, and SP + SD grains of titanomagnetite (Fe 3– xTixO4) with compositions x = 0 (TM0 or magnetite) and x = 0.6 (TM60). MD grains have a separate trend that intersects the curve for SD + MD mixtures. SP + SD mixtures generate a variety of trends, depending on the SP grain size. All SP + SD curves lie much above those for MD or SD + MD trends, as has been proposed, but not demonstrated, previously. Data for PSD-size magnetites of many different origins fall along a single trend, but different levels of internal stress shift points for similar grain sizes along the ‘‘master curve. ’’ In order to use the Day plot to determine grain size, one must have independent information about the state of internal stress. Theoretical model curves for SD + MD mixtures match the PSD magnetite and TM60 data quite well, although the SD! MD transition region in grain size is much narrower for TM60 than for magnetite. The agreement between PSD data and SD + MD mixing curves implies that PSD behavior is due to superimposed independent SD and MD moments, either in individual or separate grains, and not to exotic micromagnetic structures such as vortices. The theory also matches Mrs and Hc values in mechanical mixtures of very fine and very coarse grains, although nonlinear mixing theory is required to explain some Hcr and Hcr/Hc data. INDEX TERMS: 1540 Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism: Rock and mineral magnetism; 1594 Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism: Instruments and techniques; 1533 Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism: Remagnetization; 1512 Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism: Environmental magnetism;
Cross-Regional Film Festival Analysis: A Comparative Study of Asian Cinema Diversity and Trends

: In cross regional and cross-cultural film exchange activities, international film festivals play an irreplaceable role, and among them, Asian film festivals are becoming increasingly important participants. It not only objectively showcases the achievements of Asian film development, but also contributes a unique cultural perspective to the diversity of world films, and provides a diversified direction for the aesthetic iteration of films. This article aims to compare the differences in cultural focus, aesthetic style, and technical characteristics of Asian film festivals, especially the three most famous ones: Busan International Film Festival in South Korea, Tokyo International Film Festival in Japan, and Mumbai Film Festival in India, in order to gain a deeper and comprehensive understanding of the current form of Asian film and make predictions about its development trends.
Applying Polyacrylamide (PAM) to Reduce Erosion and Increase Infiltration Under Furrow Irrigation

Polyacrylamide (PAM) has received widespread attention in the last 3 . 4 years as a potential new tool for virtually halting irrigation-induced erosion in furrow irrigated agriculture when added in small amounts to the advance phase of water application. When used properly, 3-7 lbs of PAM per acre per year can reduce erosion from typical furrow irrigated fields in Idaho an average of 94%. Because PAM in irrigation water retards surface sealing, it also generally increases net infiltration and lateral movement of infiltrated water. Season-long infiltration totals for PAM-treated fields in Idaho have averaged 15% higher than non-treated fields.