Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Training Methods for Deep Neural Networks using Low Precision Dynamic Fixed-Point

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are widely used in the areas of RMS (Recognition, Mining, and Synthesis) applications due to their high accuracies. In general, the operations in the DNN training simultaneously need wide dynamic range and high precision, thus the 32-bit single or 64-bit double precision floating-point operations are usually used. However, the hardware using floating-point requires many drawbacks. There have been many attempts to reduce the bit-widths of the DNN training operations, to reduce the power consumption, chip area, and memory bandwidth. One of the most successful attempts is the dynamic fixed-point (DFP), which is the combination of the floating-point and fixed-point formats. It has been reported that DFP can reduce the bit-widths of the training operations to 16 bits, except for parameter update operations; parameter updates for general networks need higher precision and are usually done with 32-bit floating point operations. In this paper, we propose two methods of using 16-bit DFP for all the training operations including parameter updates. One is weight clipping method, which clips big weight values that exceed a certain upper bound to preserve enough precision for DNNs to be trained. Another one is gradual batch size increase method, which addresses the error divergence issue of the 16-bit parameter updates by preserving the details of the small update values. Lastly, we combine the two methods to further explore their potentials. We successfully apply 16-bit DFP operations on the entire
Turn-to-turn fault diagnosis of an Induction motor by the analysis of Transient and Steady state Stator current

This work proposes an online diagnosis of turn-to-turn stator winding fault of an induction motor through the combine use of Wavelet Transform (WT) and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). Both steady state and non-stationary transient part of motor stator currents are assessed for detection of this inter turn short circuit fault. First non-stationary part is assessed by formation of contour of the coefficients of Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) of stator current – result shows significant change of amplitude at certain frequencies. Secondly, the supply frequency is filtered off from the steady part of motor current. Then on this filtered signal (i) Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is performed where from spectrums are observed at different percentage of inter turn short condition and (ii) performing Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) detailed wave energy has been calculated using Parseval’s theorem. Work has been performed both under load and no-load condition of the motor. The proposed method has been validated in a laboratory prototype. Results indicate that the proposed technique is suitable for real-time application Keywords: CWT, DWT, FFT, fault diagnosis, induction motor, inter-turn short, wave energy
Phosphorus Eutrophication and Mitigation Strategies Phosphorus Eutrophication and Mitigation Strategies

Phosphorus (P) eutrophication in the aquatic system is a global problem. With a nega- tive impact on health industry, food security, tourism industry, ecosystem health and economy. The sources of P include both point and nonpoint sources. Controlling P inflow from point sources to aquatic systems have been more manageable, however control ling nonpoint P sources especially agricultural sources remains a challenge. The forms of P include both organic and inorganic. Runoff and soil erosion are the major agents of translocating P to the aquatic system in form of particulate and dissolved P. Excessive P cause growth of algae bloom, anoxic conditions, altering plant species composition and biomass, leading to fish kill, food webs disruption, toxins production and recreational areas degradation. Phosphorus eutrophication mitigation strategies include controlling nutrient loads and ecosystem restoration. Point P sources could be controlled through restructuring industrial layout. Controlling nonpoint nutrient loads need catchment management to focus on farm scale, field scale and catchment scale management as well as employ human intervention which includes ferric dosing, on farm biochar application and flushing and dredging of floor deposits. Ecosystem restoration for eutrophication mitigation involves phytoremediation, wetland restoration, riparian area restoration and river/lake maintenance/restoration. Combination of interventions could be required for successful eutrophication mitigation. indicate contrasting finding on the success of the mitigation strategies, whereby some reported success indicated no response to P eutrophication mitigation. As a result, it there need in some cases to combine multiple eutrophication mitigation interventions for example control of nutrient loading, physicochemical and physicomechanical interventions in of and ensure successful mitigation process.
MINIREVIEW Efﬂux-Mediated Antibiotic Resistance in Acinetobacter spp. (cid:1)

Among Acinetobacter spp. , A. baumannii is the most frequently implicated in nosocomial infections, in particular in intensive care units. It was initially thought that multidrug resistance (MDR) in this species was due mainly to horizontal acquisition of resistance genes. However, it has recently become obvious that increased expression of chromosomal genes for efﬂux systems plays a major role in MDR. Among the ﬁve superfamilies of pumps, resistance-nodulation-division (RND) systems are the most prevalent in multiply resistant A. baumannii . RND pumps typically exhibit a wide substrate range that can include antibiotics, dyes, biocides, detergents, and antiseptics. Overexpression of AdeABC, secondary to mutations in the adeRS genes encoding a two-component regulatory system, constitutes a major mechanism of multiresistance in A. bau- mannii . AdeIJK, intrinsic to this species, is responsible for natural resistance, but since overexpression above a certain threshold is toxic for the host, its contribution to acquired resistance is minimal. The recently described AdeFGH, probably regulated by a LysR-type transcriptional regulator, also confers multidrug resistance when overexpressed. Non-RND efﬂux systems, such as CraA, AmvA, AbeM, and AbeS, have also been characterized for A. baumannii , as have AdeXYZ and AdeDE for other Acinetobacter spp. Finally, acquired narrow-spectrum efﬂux pumps, such as the major facilitator superfamily
Storytelling Criteria : Design Artefact : Action directed towards goal

This paper aims to explore the approaches that designers take when storytelling. Design artefacts, such as sketches, models, storyboards and multimedia presentations, are often described in terms of stories. We aim to observe designers’ approaches to storytelling during a design project ran in The Global Studio, an international conglomerate of design students from various universities throughout the world. Literature that provides theory surrounding storytelling is used to provide a framework of analysis with which we used to observe the design artefacts produced by the students. The paper concludes by discussing the themes in approach to storytelling that have emerged upon observing the students’ design artefacts and the implications that we believe this has for Design Education.
Determinants of phenotypic intratumor heterogeneity: Integrative approach

Intratumor phenotypic heterogeneity presents a major obstacle toward conceptual understanding of cancer biology, informative clinical diagnostics and successful eradication of cancers with cytotoxic or targeted therapies. Even though intratumor heterogeneity is a subject of intense research focus, our ability to understand the phenomena and address the challenges that it presents are still limited. In part, advances in knowledge are hampered by the fact that diversity of cell phenotypes within a tumor is superimposed over phenotypic differences between different tumors. Furthermore, our ability to understand intratumor heterogeneity is com-plicated by its multifactorial nature. Historically, phenotypic heterogeneity within tumors has been viewed either under the conceptual framework of genetic heterogeneity, with the assumption that phenotypic differences re ﬂ ect diversity of tumor cell genotypes, or under the framework of the cancer stem cell (CSC) model, postulating that phenotypic differences are considered to re ﬂ ect distinct differentiation states. Rather than being mutually exclusive, these frameworks re ﬂ ect different aspects of the wider phenomenon as neither can fully account for the observed phenotypic diversity. Moreover, since contextual signals are key in determining cellular phenotypes, impacts of alterations and diversity of tumor microenvironments should be considered as well. Finally, impact of increased plasticity stemming from genetic and epigenetic alterations as well as from abnormality of contextual cues needs to be taken into account. This article aims to highlight the multiple inputs that shape up phenotypic heterogeneity as well as outline future directions to improve our advancements in this area.
Rectiﬁed Wing Loss for Eﬃcient and Robust Facial Landmark Localisation with Convolutional Neural Networks

Eﬃcient and robust facial landmark localisation is crucial for the deployment of real-time face analysis systems. This paper presents a new loss function, namely Rectiﬁed Wing (RWing) loss, for regression-based facial landmark localisation with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). We ﬁrst systemically analyse diﬀerent loss functions, including L2, L1 and smooth L1. The analysis suggests that the training of a network should pay more attention to small-medium errors. Motivated by this ﬁnding, we design a piece-wise loss that ampliﬁes the impact of the samples with small-medium errors. Besides, we rectify the loss function for very small errors to mitigate the impact of inaccuracy of manual annotation. The use of our RWing loss boosts the performance signiﬁcantly for regression-based CNNs in facial landmarking, especially for lightweight network architectures. To address the problem of under-representation of samples with large pose variations, we propose a simple but eﬀective boosting strategy, referred to as pose-based data balancing. In particular, we deal with the data imbalance problem by duplicating the minority training samples and perturbing them by injecting random image rotation, bounding box translation and other data augmentation strategies. Last, the proposed approach is extended to create a coarse-to-ﬁne framework for robust and eﬃcient landmark localisation. Moreover, the proposed coarse-to-ﬁne framework is able to deal with the small sample size problem eﬀectively. The experimental results obtained on several well-known benchmarking datasets demonstrate the merits of our RWing loss and prove the superiority of the proposed method over the state-of-the-art approaches.
Toward a Multi-Domain Platform for Live Sensor Data Visualisation and Collaborative Analysis

—In this work, we present a web platform that seeks to tackle the challenges that come from the real-time visualisation of georeferenced sensor data in a multi-user, multi-touch environment. We introduce an input device agnostic user interface and the concept of realistic input reaction. We discuss the implemented components and the presentation system as a whole. The demonstrated platform also provides a set of building blocks to personalise the visualisation, easing its reuse in different monitoring scenarios. Finally, we show how the platform can be used to assist collaborative data visualisation and analysis.
Efﬁcacy of Instruments for Professional Oral Hygiene on Dental Implants: A Systematic Review

: Professional oral hygiene is fundamental to prevent peri-implant disease. Appropriate instruments should be used in patients with restorations supported by dental implants: they should be effective in deposits removal without damaging the implant components surface. The aim of the present study is to investigate and summarize the results regarding the efﬁcacy of oral hygiene techniques described in the literature in the last 10 years in patients rehabilitated with dental implants not affected by perimplantitis. The present systematic review was conducted according to guidelines reported in the indications of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). The focused question was: “Which are the most effective instruments for professional oral hygiene on implants not affected by perimplantitis? ”. The initial database search yielded a total of 934 entries found in PubMed ® /MEDLINE and Cochrane Library. After full text review and application of the eligibility criteria, the ﬁnal selection consisted of 19 articles. The risk of bias of included studies was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa scale (NOS) and the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Curette, scalers and air polishing were the devices most frequently investigated in the included studies. In particular, glycine powder air polishing appeared to be signiﬁcantly effective in reducing peri-implant inﬂammation and plaque around implants. The application of the more recent erythritol powder air polishing also yielded good clinical outcomes. Further studies are needed to improve the knowledge on the topic in order to develop standardized protocols and understand the speciﬁc indications for different types of implant-supported rehabilitations.
STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT PROGRAMME AND TIME SERIES PROPERTIES OF COCOA PRODUCTION, EXPORT AND PRICES IN WEST AFRICA (1961-2007): AN APPLICATION OF THE PERRON TEST

This paper examines the structure of the West African Cocoa Agriculture by analyzing fifteen pertinent annual series, namely; acreage, yield, producer price, quantity exported and export value of cocoa, in Ghana, Nigeria and Cote d’Ivoire during the 1961- 2007 period. The methodology used is that of Perron (1989) wherein he tests the null and alternative hypotheses of a unit root or `trend-stationary` series, respectively, in the presence of possible slope and/ level shifts. The results for the Perron unit root tests indicate that all the series are trend stationary rather than being differenced stationary with the exception of cocoa export in Cote d’Ivoire and Ghana, as well as cocoa export value in Nigeria. Meanwhile cocoa producer price in Nigeria, cocoa acreage, cocoa producer price and cocoa export in Ghana alongside cocoa export value in Cote d’Ivoire were still not stationary after the introduction of the broken trend and intercept variables into the Perron model. The Perron changing growth model also revealed that SAP, otherwise referred to as structural break significantly and positively affected cocoa yield in all of Ghana, Nigeria and Cote d’Ivoire. It also has a positive and significant effect on cocoa acreage in Nigeria. While Structural Adjustment programme also have a positive and significant effect on cocoa export in the three selected countries, it did not have a positive and significant effect on cocoa producer price in all the selected countries.
Interleukin-1 Receptor Signaling Is Required To Overcome the Effects of Pertussis Toxin and for Efﬁcient Infection- or Vaccination-Induced Immunity against Bordetella pertussis (cid:1)

Interleukin-1 receptor-deﬁcient (IL-1R (cid:1) / (cid:1) ) mice are healthy despite being colonized by commensal microbes but are defective in defenses against speciﬁc pathogens, suggesting that IL-1R-mediated effects contribute to immune responses against speciﬁc pathogenic mechanisms. To better deﬁne the role of IL-1R in immunity to respiratory infections, we challenged IL-1R (cid:1) / (cid:1) mice with Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis , the causative agents of whooping cough. Following inoculation with B. pertussis , but not B. parapertussis , IL-1R (cid:1) / (cid:1) mice showed elevated bacterial numbers and more extensive inﬂammatory pathology than wild-type mice. Acellular B. pertussis vaccines were not efﬁciently protective against B. pertussis in IL-1R (cid:1) / (cid:1) mice. B. pertussis stimulated dendritic cells from IL-1R (cid:1) / (cid:1) mice produced higher levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF- (cid:2) ) and IL-6 than wild-type cells. Moreover, elevated levels of gamma interferon (IFN- (cid:3) ) and TNF- (cid:2) but lower levels of IL-10 were detected during B. pertussis infection in IL-1R (cid:1) / (cid:1) mice. Since B. parapertussis did not cause severe disease in IL-1R (cid:1) / (cid:1) mice, we hypothesized that the extreme requirement for IL-1R involves pertussis toxin (Ptx), which is expressed only by B. pertussis . An isogenic Ptx-deﬁcient B. pertussis strain had only a modest phenotype in wild-type mice but was completely defective in causing lethal disease in IL-1R (cid:1) / (cid:1) mice, indicating that the particular virulence of B. pertussis in these mice requires Ptx. Ptx contributes to IL-1 (cid:4) induction by B. pertussis , which is involved in IL-10 induction through IL-1R signaling. IL-10 treatment reduced B. pertussis numbers in IL-1R (cid:1) / (cid:1) mice, suggesting that the lower IL-10 responses partially account for the uncontrolled inﬂammation and bacterial growth in these mice.
Diminished LcrV Secretion Attenuates Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Virulence (cid:1)

Many gram-negative bacterial pathogenicity factors that function beyond the outer membrane are secreted via a contact-dependent type III secretion system. Two types of substrates are predestined for this mode of secretion, namely, antihost effectors that are translocated directly into target cells and the translocators required for targeting of the effectors across the host cell membrane. N-terminal secretion signals are important for recognition of the protein cargo by the type III secretion machinery. Even though such signals are known for several effectors, a consensus signal sequence is not obvious. One of the translocators, LcrV, has been attributed other functions in addition to its role in translocation. These functions include regulation, presumably via interaction with LcrG inside bacteria, and immunomodulation via interaction with Toll-like receptor 2. Here we wanted to address the signiﬁcance of the speciﬁc targeting of LcrV to the exterior for its function in regulation, effector targeting, and virulence. The results, highlighting key N-terminal amino acids important for LcrV secretion, allowed us to dissect the role of LcrV in regulation from that in effector targeting/virulence. While only low levels of exported LcrV were required for in vitro effector translocation, as deduced by a cell infection assay, fully functional export of LcrV was found to be a prerequisite for its role in virulence
Superfluidity of a dipolar Fermi gas in 2D optical lattices bilayer

Ultracold Fermi molecules lying in 2D square optical lattices bilayers with its dipole moment perpendicularly aligned to the layers, having interlayer finite range s‐wave interactions, are shown to form superfluid phases, both, in the Bardeen, Cooper and Schrieffer (BCS) regime of Cooper pairs, and in the condensate regime of bound dimeric molecules. We demonstrate this result using a functional integral scheme within the Ginzburg‐Landau theory. For the deep Berezinskii‐Kosterlitz‐Thouless (BKT) phase transition, we predict critical temperatures around 5nK and 20nK for 23Na40K and OH molecules, which are within reach of current experiments [J. W. Park, S. Will and M. Zwierlein, Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 205302 (2015)].
WDNs Calibration Using k-means Algorithm for Pipes Clustering and a Hybrid Model for Optimization

The modelling of Water Distribution Networks (WDNs) is an important issue for an efficient operation of water systems. The hydraulic simulations are used to establish the optimal conditions for pumps and valves, helping stakeholders to manage the systems. A reliable model should guarantee the minimal uncertain becoming the simulations the most real as possible. The calibration processes is used to reduce the uncertainties associated to pipe roughness and nodal demand, pipe status or leakage flow. Due to the high degrees of freedom surrounding this process, the improvement of available information of the hydraulic state of the network and the reduction of parameters to be calibrated can conduct for more reliable calibrated model. In this sense, this work present a hybrid calibration method, consisting in three stages defined as grouping pipes with k-means algorithms, pressure estimation with artificial neural networks (ANN) and an optimization process using particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms. A comparison between the classical approaches for roughness calibration is presented, reinforcing the improvement of the calibration process through the uncertain reduction.
Malliavin Calculus with Applications to Stochastic Partial Differential Equations

Introduction INTEGRATION BY PARTS AND ABSOLUTE CONTINUITY OF PROBABILITY LAWS FINITE DIMENSIONAL MALLIAVIN CALCULUS The Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Operator The Adjoint of the differential An Interration by Parts Fromula: Existence of a Density THE BASIC OPERATORS OF MALLIAVIN CALCULUS The Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Operator The Derivative Operator The Integral or Divergence Operator Differential Calculus Calculus with Multiple Wiener Intergrals Local Property of the Operators REPRESENTATION OF WIENER FUNCTIONAL The Ito Integral and the Divergence Operator The Cark-Ocone Formula Generalized Clark-Ocone Formula Application to Option Pricing CRITERIA FOR ABSOLUTE CONTINUITY AND SMOOTHNESS OF PROBABILITY LAWS Existence of a Density Smoothness of the Density STOCHASTIC PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS DRIVEN BY SPATIALLY HOMOGENEOUS GAUSSIAN NOISE Stochastic Integration with Respect to Coloured Noise Stochastic Partial Differential Equations Driven by a Coloured Noise MALLIAVIN REGULARITY OF SOLUTIONS OF SPDEs ANALYSIS OF THE MALLIAVIN MATRIC OF SOLUTIONS OF SPDEs One Dimensional Case Examples Multidimensional Case DEFINITION OF SPACES USED THROUGHOUT THE COURSE
Differential roles of PDGFR- (cid:1) and PDGFR- (cid:2) in angiogenesis and vessel stability

Preclinical and clinical evaluations of individual proangiogenic/arteriogenic factors for the treatment of ischemic myocardium and skeletal muscle have produced unfulﬁlled promises. The establishment of functional and stable arterial vascular networks may require combinations of different angiogenic and arteriogenic factors. Using in vivo angiogenesis and ischemic hind-limb animal models, we have compared the angiogenic and therapeutic activities of ﬁbroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) in combinations with PDGF-AA and PDGF-AB, two members of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) family, with distinct receptor binding patterns. We show that both PDGF-AA/FGF-2 and PDGF-AB/FGF-2 in combinations synergistically induce angiogenesis in the mouse cornea. FGF-2 up-regulates PDGFR- (cid:1) and - (cid:2) expression levels in the newly formed blood vessels. Interestingly, PDGF-AB/ FGF-2, but not PDGF-AA/FGF-2, is able to stabilize the newly formed vasculature by recruiting pericytes, and an anti-PDGFR- (cid:2) neutralizing antibody signiﬁcantly blocks PDGF-AB/FGF-2-induced vessel stability. These ﬁndings demonstrate that PDGFR- (cid:2) receptor is essential for vascular stability. Similarly, PDGF-AB/FGF-2 signiﬁcantly induces stable collateral growth in the rat ischemic hind limb. The high number of collaterals induced by PDGF-AB/FGF-2 leads to dramatic improvement of the paw’s skin perfusion. Immunohistochemical analysis of the treated skeletal muscles con-ﬁrms that a combination of PDGF-AB and FGF-2 signiﬁcantly induces arteriogenesis in the ischemic tissue. A combination of PDGF-AB and FGF-2 would be optimal proangiogenic agents for the treatment of ischemic diseases. —Zhang, Cao, R. , Zhang, Y. , Jia, T. , Cao, Y. , Wahlberg, Differential roles of PDGFR- (cid:1) and PDGFR- (cid:2) in angiogenesis and vessel stability. FASEB J. 23, 153–163 (2009)