Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
¿CONSIDERAN LOS MAGALLÁNICOS QUE SU CULTURA POSEE UNA ESENCIA ÚNICA?: ESTUDIO DESCRIPTIVO DE LA APLICACIÓN DE UN INSTRUMENTO DE EVALUACIÓN DE ESENCIALISMO CULTURAL A UNA MUESTRA PUNTARENENSE

La presente investigacion tuvo como objetivo realizar la descripcion de la presencia de creencias asociadas al esencialismo psicologico en la percepcion de las caracteristicas de la cultura magallanica. La muestra estuvo constituida por doscientos habitantes de la ciudad de Punta Arenas quienes se prestaron voluntariamente para participar en el estudio. Se utilizo un diseno no experimental transversal descriptivo. Para medir esencialismo se aplico un cuestionario breve de esencialismo cultural. Los resultados indican que un alto porcentaje de los participantes poseen creencias esencialistas sobre la identidad magallanica. Algunas ideas que ilustran este resultado son la alta adhesion a afirmaciones respecto a que ser magallanico es hereditario, es parte de lo mas profundo de la identidad y que debe ser protegida de otras culturas. Alguna de sus implicaciones para las relaciones inter-grupo y las perspectivas de investigaciones futuras son discutidas.
Desertification monitoring by LANDSAT TM satellite imagery

The desertification tendency of the Qubqi Desert in China for 10 years was investigated using vegetation and soil change indices extracted from seven LANDSAT TM images. To identify the desertification tendency, two methods were applied. In the first, the desertification extent and tendency were determined by classifying the land cover into the following four categories using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI): floating desert area, half-fixed sand area, fixed sand area, and grassland. In the second, the degree of desertification was classified using the Modified Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (MSAVI): primitive state, latent state, slight desertification, medium desertification, and high-degree desertification. The study results demonstrated that expansion of desertification was mostly clear in the eastern Qubqi and the neighboring farming land area.
Scaling of slope, upslope area, and soil water deficit: Implications for transferability and regionalization in topographic index modeling

Development of a generally applicable rainfall‐runoff model and identification of associated model parameters require understanding of connections between physical processes at disparate scales and hydrological similarities between catchments. In this study, we test the hypothesis that understanding of geomorphometric scaling relations can reduce uncertainty when transferring model parameters between catchments when applying the TOPMODEL concept. Scaling relations on contributing area, slope, and contour length were successfully used to scale the topographic index distribution in watersheds located in vastly different regions of the world: Japan, Nepal, Panama, and the United States. Model parameters were identified through calibration of TOPMODEL in the 210‐km2 Kamishiiba catchment in Japan. These parameters were transferred to two Sun Koshi River subcatchments in Nepal, namely, the 850‐km2 Likhu and 620‐km2 Balephi catchments, the 414‐km2 Upper Rio Chagres catchment in Panama, and the 37‐km2 Town Brook catchment in the United States. Results show how a priori estimates of the most sensitive model parameters can be used to make predictions in poorly gauged or ungauged basins with some degree of confidence provided that scale effects are considered. This result hints at the potential universality of the topographic index distribution scaling relations in catchments where runoff is dominated by subsurface flow.
Multistage Reluctance Coil Launcher With Residual Energy Recovery and Utilization Mode

Launch efficiency has always been the focus of reluctance coil launchers research. In a traditional launch mode, the residual current in the drive coil creates a reverse force on the projectile. This is undesirable since the reverse force is in the opposite direction of movement, reducing the launch efficiency of the system. To address this problem, a multistage discharge circuit with the residual energy recovery and utilization mode is proposed in this article. As the projectile approaches the center of each stage of the drive coil, the current in the drive coil decays rapidly to zero by using the last stage capacitor to absorb the residual energy. The residual energy from the previous stages is eventually recovered by the last stage capacitor. This capacitor with residual energy is used to power the last stage drive coil of the reluctance coil launcher. This mode effectively suppresses the reverse force on the projectile and realizes the reuse of residual energy. Taking a four-stage reluctance coil launcher as an example, this article introduces the working principle of this mode in detail. The feasibility of the model is verified by finite-element simulation and experiments. Both simulation and experimental results show that this mode performs well in the recovery and reuse of residual energy and can effectively improve the launch efficiency of system.
EKSPLORASI KEANEKARAGAMAN HERPETOFAUNNA DI KECAMATAN GIRIMULYO KABUPATEN KULON PROGO YOGYAKARTA

The research was aimed to reveal and document hereptofauna from Girimulyo District Kulon Progo Regency, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Province. This research was done from November-Desember 2008 and January- April 2009 in four research locations were Girimulyo, Jatimulyo, Giripurwo and Purwosari. The VES (Visual Encounter Survey) method were used and combined with interview method. A total of 40 species of herpetofauna are indentified and includes in to 13 family. Among 40 species, only one (Michrohyla achatina) is endemic to Java. The commonest herpetofaunas along all site were Eutropis multifasciata and Hylarana chalconota.
E-Band Full Corporate-Feed 32 × 32 Slot Array Antenna With Simplified Assembly

This letter presents a high-gain 32 × 32-element full corporate-feed array antenna using a simplified assembly of only two split blocks. This is made possible by a new feeding configuration which eliminates the cavity-backed layer used in conventional designs. E-plane T-junctions, as well as the single-ridge waveguide output structure, are used in the full corporate-feed network to reduce its size. This helps to realize the one-to-one corresponding excitation between the output port of the feed network and the radiation slots. In addition, a transition structure from single-ridge waveguide to double-ridge waveguide is employed to improve the impedance matching bandwidth of the radiation part. For demonstration, a prototype is designed, fabricated, and measured. Experimental results show that the array antenna achieves an impedance bandwidth of 19% (71–86 GHz) with input reflection coefficient better than −13 dB, the antenna efficiency of over 76.4%, and peak gain of better than 38.4 dBi over the entire operating band.
Experimental deformation of dry westerly granite

The deformation behavior of quartz and feldspar has been studied in Westerly granite deformed dry at a constant strain rate of 10−6/s, confining pressures of 1.5–15 kbar, and temperatures of 25°–1000°C. Samples deformed at lower temperatures and pressures show throughgoing faults; those deformed at intermediate conditions show a combination of grain-scale faults and plastic deformation; and those deformed at higher temperatures and pressures show plastic deformation with no faults of any scale. On a grain scale the deformation is inhomogeneous at all conditions because of the polyphase nature of the material. Detailed petrographic and transmission electron microscope (TEM) observations have been made of the deformed specimens. The fault gouge consists of very fine grained material which verges on being amorphous, but no evidence of melt was seen. In the regions away from fault zones, there is a transition from dominantly microcracking to dominantly dislocation glide and climb; this transition is primarily a function of temperature. Dislocation motion is thermally activated and is probably almost unaffected by pressure over the range investigated. Thus at low temperature the strain rate that can be produced by dislocation motion is limited, and the difference between this and the imposed strain rate must occur by microcracking. The way in which the microcracking accomplishes the deformation depends on pressure. At low pressures (<5 kbar) the microcracks link up to form a throughgoing fault after very low strain; at higher pressures (7.5–15 kbar) they produce only grain-scale faults, ‘deformation bands,’ and undulatory extinction, and no throughgoing faults are formed after 15–20% shortening. At the laboratory strain rate of 10−6/s the transition from dominantly microcracking to dominantly dislocation motion occurs at approximately 300°–400°C for quartz and 550°–650°C for feldspar. When one allows for the slower natural strain rates and the presence of water, this grain-scale brittle-ductile transition may correspond to the limiting depth of earthquakes on strike slip faults.
Warming the World's Oceans

Several recent studies have provided evidence for a warming of the world9s oceans. In their Perspective, Hegerl and Bindoff highlight the report by Barnett et al., whose study substantially strengthens the evidence that human activities are responsible for the observed ocean warming. The observed space-time pattern of ocean warming with depth can only be explained if greenhouse gas forcing is considered in simulations of ocean climate change. The study has important implications for validating model simulations and hence for projections of future warming. Further study of the world9s oceans is still needed to better understand ocean variability, to quantify the likelihood of sudden ocean change, and to predict future changes in ocean biogeochemistry and ecosystems.
Indications of shifting cultivation west of the Lapland border: Multifaceted land use in northernmost Sweden since AD 800

Permanent cultivation is generally believed to have been established in the interior of northernmost Fennoscandia later than elsewhere in northern Europe, during or after the late 17th century. Although subtle evidence from various pollen records suggests cultivation may have occurred much earlier in this region, such indications have generally been disregarded. We hypothesized that cultivation was introduced early in the Lapland border zone where western native Sami interacted with coastal farming societies due to the high degree of contact between these communities. Therefore, we investigated historical land usage at three settlement sites in the interior of Sweden’s northernmost territories – two in the Lapland border zone and one in a more westerly traditional Sami area. Analyses of pollen, charcoal and written historical records indicated that cultivation first occurred in AD 800 (700–900) at the westernmost site and one of the border zone sites. Permanent cultivation appears to have been established in c. AD 1480 (1400–1560) and 1750 (1720–1810) in the two Lapland border zone settlements and around AD 1840 (1725–1940) in the westernmost settlement. These results suggest that small-scale shifting cultivation may have been conducted in inland regions of Northern Fennoscandia (including a traditional Sami area) since AD 800. As such, they support the hypothesis that intermittent small-scale cultivation has been going on in these regions for much longer than was previously accepted. Because there was a great mobility of people and ideas across northernmost Fennoscandia, we conclude that the current tendency to describe specific geographical regions as being solely used by ‘nomadic herders’ or ‘permanent farmers’ is inappropriate and fails to capture the complexity of historical land usage.
Design of an Aquatic Biomonitoring Programme, Using the South African River Health Programme as a Case Study

Sustainable management of water resources requires a balance between water quality and quantity requirements of economic and social development with water resource protection strategies. The National Water Act No. 36 of 1998 allows for effective management of water resources in South Africa. It is stated explicitly within the Act that monitoring of aquatic ecosystems be conducted in order to provide information for management actions. A literature review was conducted to establish a generic framework for the design of a monitoring programme. Design criteria should include the three components of framework-, conceptual-, and implementation design. Within these three criteria, factors such as formulation of objectives, site selection, and statistical analyses of data are addressed. The River Health Programme, a national South African monitoring initiative that was launched in 1996, is used as a case study with which to evaluate the generic framework. Problems experienced since the outset of the initiative are discussed.
Plasma and electric field boundaries at high and low altitudes on July 29, 1977

ABSTRACT The DiS event of July 29, 1977 was the topic of a coordinated data analy­sis workshop in October 1979. During this workshop the hot plasma observa­tions obtained by several spacecraft (GEOS-I, ATS-6, S3-3 and AE-C) both at high and low altitudes were compared. The high altitude data show that the magnetopause was compressed to between 6.6 and 7.0 Re near 13 MLT. The plasma ion compos~tion measured, at high altitudes outside the plasmasphere, by GEOS-I was seen to be primarily 0+. These heavy ions were also observed at low altitudes outs~de the plasmasphere. Both GEOS-1 and S3-3 observat~c'ns show that at times these ions were found well below the plasma pause inside the plasmasphere. Comparisons of the low altitude (S3-3) plasma and DC electric f~eld data show that the o~ter limits of the plasmasphere was not always coro­ tat~ng at the low L shells (L ~ 3) on this disturbed day. The corotauon boundary, the estimated plasoapause boundary and the boundary of the inner edge_of plasma sheet ions were usually found to be at the same position. The inner edge of the plasma sheet electrons near dawn and dusk, plus the polar cap boundaries, were determined from the low altitude data. The inner edge of plasma sheet electron::
A 0.39–3.56-μW Wide-Dynamic-Range Universal Multi-Sensor Interface Circuit

This paper presents an ultra-low-power, wide-dynamic-range interface circuit for capacitive and resistive sensors. The circuit is implemented as a switched-capacitor circuit using programmable capacitors to achieve high configurability. The circuit was fabricated using a CMOS 0.18 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> process. Different types of capacitive and resistive sensors were measured using the interface to demonstrate its support for multi-sensor systems with an ultra-low-power budget. Experimental results show that the circuit is able to interface various sensors within the overall capacitance range of 0.6–550 pF and resistance range of 3.7–5100 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{k}\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, while consuming only 0.39–3.56 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> from a 1.2 V supply. A proximity, gesture, and touch-sensing system is also developed consisting of the designed interface circuit and a sensor element that is able to detect the displacement of an object up to 15 cm from the sensing electrodes consuming only 0.83 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> from a 1.2 V supply.
Effects of Freshwater Discharge in Sandy Beach Populations: The Mole Crab Emerita brasiliensis in Uruguay

Sandy beaches are ecosystems which are heavily affected by human activities. An example of this is freshwater discharges, which are known to change salinity, temperature and nutrient regimes and degrade nearshore environments. However, the effects of this kind of disturbance on sandy beach fauna have been little studied. This paper reports the spatial effects of a man-made freshwater canal discharge on the population structure, abundance and reproductive characteristics of the sandy beach mole crab Emerita brasiliensis. Along the 22 km of sandy beach sampled, the mole crab showed a marked longshore variability in population structure and abundance. Abundance of different population components (juveniles, males, females and ovigerous females) significantly decreased towards the canal. Population structure by sex and size, individual weight, fecundity and female maturity patterns at size also displayed a non-linear response to the distance from the freshwater discharge. Only the size structure of males did not follow this pattern. For males, spatial heterogeneity enhanced the detection of density-dependence at less disturbed sites. The authors conclude that artificial freshwater discharges could significantly influence the distribution, abundance and life-history traits of the biota of sandy beaches, and that further study of these ecosystems should include human activities as important factors affecting spatial and temporal trends. The need to consider different spatial and temporal scales in order to detect the effect of anthropogenically-driven impacts in sandy beach populations is stressed.
Ethnic Enclave Residence & Employment Accessibility of Latino Workers in Chicago, Los Angeles, Washington DC

This paper examines the impact of living in ethnic enclaves in different parts of the metropolitan area on low-skilled Latino immigrantsâ€™ employment accessibility. It does so by comparing the employment status and commuting times of Latinos living in and out of ethnic neighborhoods in central city, inner-ring suburbs and outer-ring suburbs in Chicago, Los Angeles and Washington, D.C. Using 2000 Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS), this paper finds that enclave effect is much muted and spatial mismatch effect evident in the central cities. But in the suburban areas, while as likely to work as nonenclave counterparts, enclave residents tend to commute longer to jobs, suggesting the importance of ethnic networks in enclave neighborhoods. These disparities in commuting duration are not fully compensated for by their wage earnings or neighborhood-level housing costs. Further distinguishing Latino immigrants by gender shows that women are more enclave-disadvantaged than men.
Using land value capture to fund rail transit extensions in Mexico City and Santiago de Chile

The effects of rail rapid transit on land uses and land values are discussed. Rail transit can enhance accessibility, and can raise the demand for locating in areas around stations, increasing land value, and in some cases fostering redevelopment at higher densities. The attraction that the areas around stations produce depends on the number of trips generated for unit of land for different types of land-uses. A series of studies on the effect of rail transit on land values are reviewed. Using data from censuses and origin-destinations surveys, the effects of metro lines on land-uses during the 1990's in Mexico City and Santiago de Chile are determined. Results show that in Mexico City neither zones located next to the new lines, nor zones located next to the lines built before 1990 had a higher growth of population, income per capita or employment, as compared to other zones with similar densities and incomes per capita. In the case of Santiago, whereas the areas located next to the newly built line had similar changes to other zones, the areas located next to the two lines built before the 1990's had a significantly higher growth in number of households and average income per capita than other areas, especially in high-income districts. These results are explained by the lower attractiveness of the metro for middle and high-income people in Mexico City as compared to Santiago de Chile, which is proven by specifying relations between ridership and GDP for both cities, using multiple regression models. The potential of land value capture as a mechanism for funding rail transit in both cities is discussed, based on the experience of other rail transit systems around the world, and on the characteristics of both metros. In both cases a land value capture system is proposed for new lines. Some guidelines for the implementation of land value capture mechanisms are provided. Thesis Supervisor: Ralph A. Gakenheimer Title: Professor of Urban Planning
Aspectos fundamentales de los sistemas MIMO

Direccion General de Investigacion (Consejeria de Educacion y Cultura de la Comunidad Autonoma de la Region de Murcia) por su financiacion de este trabajo a traves del proyecto con referencia 2I05SU0031), y a las empresa TECNICA y 102NOVADOC.
ECONOMIC DISPATCH MENGGUNAKAN QUANTUM-BEHAVED PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION (QPSO) PADA SISTEM TENAGA LISTRIK

Pada tugas akhir ini, dilakukan analisis Economic Dispatch pada sistem IEEE 5-bus, 14-bus dan 26-bus. Perhitungan Economic Dispatch ini menggunakan metode Quantum-behaved Particle Swarm Optimization (QPSO) yang kemudian akan dibandinngkan dengan metode Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) dan metode Lagrange untuk mendapatkan nilai daya output maksimum dengan biaya pembangkitan minimum. Tujuan akhir yang ingin dicapai pada tugas akhir ini adalah bagaimana biaya pembangkitan, maupun daya yang dihasilkan oleh masing-masing unit pembangkit pada setiap metode untuk mendapatkan biaya termurah.
Deformation pattern in a massive ponded lava flow at ODP‐IODP Site 1256: A core and log approach

A complete “in situ” section of upper oceanic crust, from extrusive lavas, through dikes into gabbros has been recently drilled for the first time in 15 Ma old crust created at the superfast spreading East Pacific Rise (EPR). The upper igneous basement cored at Ocean Drilling Program (ODP)–Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Holes 1256C and 1256D consists of sheet flows and massive flows, including a ponded lava flow unit (“lava pond”) interpreted as a thick lava flow delivered off‐axis and accumulated in a topographic depression. Fine‐scale structural analysis shows that the lava pond is much less fractured than the deeper lavas, probably as the effect of structure spacing that is larger than in the underlying lava flows. In Hole 1256D, structures are mainly subhorizontal in the lava pond and become steeper downhole, toward the sheeted dike complex. This reflects the distance of the lava pond from the stress field produced by the intrusion of dikes at depth, inducing mostly subvertical eruptive fractures and fracture network, and the distance of the site from active rifting at the EPR. Contrasting structural patterns in the lava pond and in the deeper parts of the drilled section are reflected in contrasting physical properties patterns, as obtained by shipboard and downhole logging data. Electrical resistivity, compressional velocity, and bulk density are generally higher, whereas natural radioactivity and neutron porosity are lower in the lava pond than in the deeper hole. The occurrence of a thick massive lava flow at the top part of the volcanic section affects the deformation pattern of the entire drilled crust and, consequently, its permeability regime which, in turn, controls the geometry and distribution of hydrothermal circulation and basalt alteration.