Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SI‐EDTL: Swarm intelligence ensemble deep transfer learning for multiple vehicle detection in UAV images

This article proposes a swarm intelligence ensemble deep transfer learning (named SI‐EDTL) for multiple vehicle detection in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images. This method is based on Faster regional‐based convolutional neural networks (Faster R‐CNN), in which, a set of region proposals are extracted using region proposal network (RPN), and then, CNN is used to mine highly descriptive features of these windows to classify regions. We use three Faster R‐CNNs as feature extractors (InceptionV3, ResNet50, and GoogLeNet) that have already pre‐trained on ImageNet data, combined with five transfer classifiers (KNN, SVM, MLP, C4.5 Decision Tree, and Naïve Bayes). As a result, 15 different base learners are trained through deep transfer learning on a UAV dataset to classify the region proposals into multiple vehicles (car, van, truck, and bus). We combine these 15 base learners through a weighted averaging aggregation into four vehicle classes or no vehicle (background). Hyperparameters of the ensemble model are tuned using whale optimization algorithm, to achieve the best trade‐off between total accuracy, precision, and recall. The proposed SI‐EDTL model has been successfully developed using parallel processing in MATLAB R2020b. Experimental results on AU‐AIR dataset of UAV images demonstrate the superiority of the SI‐EDTL model against existing techniques.
Advances in Propulsive Bionic Feet and Their Actuation Principles

In the past decades, researchers have deeply studied pathological and nonpathological gait to understand the human ankle function during walking. These efforts resulted in the development of new lower limb prosthetic devices aiming at raising the 3C-level (control, comfort, and cosmetics) of amputees. Thanks to the technological advances in engineering and mechatronics, challenges in the field of prosthetics have become an important source of interest for roboticists. Currently, most of the bionic feet are still on a research level but show promising results and a preview of tomorrow's commercial prosthetic devices. In this paper, the authors present the current state-of-the-art and the latest advances in propulsive bionic feet with its actuation principles. The context of this review study is outlined followed by a brief description of the basics in human biomechanics and criteria for new prosthetic designs. A new categorization based on the actuation principle of propulsive ankle-foot prostheses is proposed. Based on simulations, the general principles and benefits of each actuation method are explained. The corresponding latest advances in propulsive bionic feet are presented together with their main characteristics and scientific outcomes. The authors also propose to the reader a comparison analysis of the presented devices with a discussion of the general tendencies in new prosthetic feet.
Neural Modeling of the Surface Acoustic Wave Resonator Admittance Parameters

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators have found applications in different engineering fields, spanning from telecommunications to bioengineering. In this paper a model of a SAW resonator based on the artificial neural networks (ANNs) is proposed. ANNs are exploited to model the frequency dependence of the admittance parameters for a two-port packaged SAW resonator with a nominal resonant frequency of 423.2 MHz.
Scaling and dielectric stress compensation of ultrasensitive boron-doped silicon microstructure

The scaling of boron-doped silicon membranes based on diaphragm dimensions and stress compensation is characterized. Devices with varying edge length and plate thickness are fabricated and tested for sensitivity. The stress for p++ silicon, LPCVD silicon dioxide, and LPCVD silicon nitride is measured using an electrostatic technique, that uses silicon microbridges. Silicon membranes with varying thickness of oxide and nitride are characterized for sensitivity. The results confirm a previously reported analytical scaling theory for the structures. Based on this theory, scaled experimental devices are found to show sensitivities within three percent of the calculated design targets. <<ETX>>
Implementing a lean production system on a food company: a case study

This paper describes a project to increase a food manufacturer's productivity by applying several lean production techniques to the company's manufacturing organisation, production quality and efficiency. The company has decided to improve several specific sectors within their factory, where deficiencies and lack of productivity were observed in some of their work lines. This work shows the lean system implementation on the company: from the initial diagnosis, the improvement plan proposed and how it was implemented, to an analysis of the results obtained. Final recommendations made to the company dealt with the lean culture and its work and production methods, in order to be gradually implemented in the whole company.
LIDAR for Detection of Chemical and Biological Warfare Agents

Remote detection of chemical and biological warfare agents and toxic gases in the atmosphere is of current interest to both the military and civilian agencies. Out of all currently available techniques, no single technique provides efficient detection against such threats at significant standoff distances. Light detection and ranging (LIDAR) technologies, based on the transmission of laser pulses and analysis of the return signals, have demonstrated impressive capabilities in remote detection of such toxic chemicals. LIDAR is a highly sensitive tool to detect the extremely low concentrations of various toxic agents present in the form of thin clouds at distances of few kilometer. The detection of these toxic clouds is based on the approach of first detecting and measuring the range of the clouds using the scattering phenomena and subsequently identifying the composition of toxic clouds using absorption and fluorescence phenomena. Laser Science and Technology Centre (LASTEC), Delhi has been working on the design and development of LIDAR systems for detection of chemical and biological warfare (CBW) agents. In this paper, theoretical analysis of differential absorption LIDAR (DIAL) for detection of chemical agents and fluorescence LIDAR for detection of biological agents has been discussed. For some typical parametric conditions, the received power levels from different ranges to detect specific concentrations of chemical or biological clouds have been computed and discussed. The technical details of the indigenously developed backscattering LIDAR, which detects and measures the distance of cloud layers up to 5 km is also presented. Defence Science Journal, 2011, 61(3), pp.241-250 , DOI:http://dx.doi. org/10.14429/dsj.61. 556
From aspirational luxury to hypermobility to staying on the ground: changing discourses of holiday air travel in Sweden

Abstract Research has demonstrated an unwillingness among travelers to reduce their holiday flying. Recently, however, a movement with people avoiding and problematizing flying has emerged in Sweden and spread internationally. This paper explores how the rising problematization of flying changes the meanings of holiday air travel in a carbon-constrained world. Using travel magazines and digital media sources, we trace changing discourses (overarching ideas and traditions shaping social practices) of holiday air travel in Sweden from 1950–2019. The paper identifies the emergence of a new discourse (Staying on the ground) and shows how it works through moralization (flying is ethically wrong) and persuasion (emphasizing alternatives) to challenge dominant meanings of holiday air travel as desirable and necessary. While Staying on the ground is far from a dominant discourse, there are signs that it has begun to destabilize contemporary cultures of aeromobility. The Staying on the ground discourse exemplifies how meanings attached to ingrained high-carbon practices, and the policies that sustain them, are currently being contested and rearticulated. Acknowledging that low-carbon transformations are fundamentally forms of social and cultural change, the paper illustrates why practices of carbon lock-in are so entrenched, but also how they might be resisted and open up for change.
Reliability Evaluation and Financial Viability of an Electricity Power Micro-Grid System With the Incorporation of Renewable Energy Sources and Energy Storage: Case Study of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

The increase in the demand for a reliable electricity supply by the utilities and consumers has necessitated the evaluation of the reliability of power systems. A reliable electricity supply is characterized by no or minimal duration and frequency of supply outages. This has triggered the necessity of using renewable energy sources (RESs) with optimization methods for reliability improvement of electricity systems and reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The main objective of this study is to optimize micro-grid systems operations, improve reliability, reduce emissions and balance the demand and supply of energy through RESs and battery energy storage system (BESS). The adaptive model predictive control (AMPC) method is used to address the issues of micro-grid operation. The AMPC algorithm solves the optimization problem of disturbance prediction in a micro-grid with different types of RESs and BESS integration. This optimization problem considers different constraints for minimum operating costs in different case scenarios. The financial viability of the proposed method is investigated. Solar photovoltaic (Solar PV), wind plant (WP) and BESSs are used with the AMPC method to investigate the impacts of annual real interest rates on cost and emission parameters, quantification of the emission oxides from different case scenarios, reduction of the cost of electricity (Ccoe), and power system reliability improvement. A modified Roy Billinton Test System (RBTS) is used to confirm the reliability enhancement and financial feasibility of the system. Case studies are used to confirm the proposed methods using climatic data for the city of Pietermaritzburg (29.37° S and 30.23° E), South Africa. The results obtained establish that the incorporation of RESs and BESSs using the AMPC method gives satisfactory outcomes.
Immigrants in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and Its Public Security

The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg is one of the smallest European countries – both in terms of area and population. As in the case of the so-called European micro-states (with less than 500,000 inhabitants – Luxembourg alone has slightly more), it is characterized by a high economic level, especially the living standards of its inhabitants. As the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development’s statistical data show (official OECD website), the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg is the wealthiest Member State of the European Union in terms of average annual income per capita (gross domestic product per capita). Due to this fact, foreigners-immigrants continuously come to this country by seeking better living conditions there. It was, therefore, reasonable to explore how this high proportion of immigrants in Luxembourg’s society influences the public security of that country. Luxembourg has one of the highest economic immigration rates in Europe, the number of its citizens is continually growing, and yet the crime rates are among the lowest in the world. The article aims to explore the impact of the presence of many immigrants in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg on public security of that country. The article focuses on the main threat to public safety, i.e., crime – in the analysed case: the crime committed by foreigners-immigrants. The main research problem took the form of the question: To what extent does the presence of a significant number of immigrants affect the public safety of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg? The main hypothesis took the form of the assumption that the presence of large numbers of immigrants does not have a significant adverse effect on the public safety of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. The adopted research method was the analysis of statistical data using the technique of content analysis (desk research). World Bank statistics were used as the primary source of information, while articles from scientific journals and reports from Luxembourg public administration bodies as supplementary sources. To deepen the exploration and understanding of the migration conditions of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, the article presents its history as well as economic and social characteristics. The research was carried out as part of the Research Project No. 146/WNB/65/DzS called: “The Migration Policy of the Republic of Poland as an Indicator of Its Internal Security”, carried out at Faculty of Security Studies of General Tadeusz Kościuszko Military University of Land Forces (Wrocław, Poland).
Criteria Factors of High Performance Organization (HPO) in the Air Force

High performance organization (HPO) bases entities which perform differently from traditional organizations following a conventional hierarchical. They use strategic plann ing to interconnectedness among organizational to achieve high payoff results. The high performance organization involves many cau ses which effect on developing organization performance. The new genera tion of military should focus on how to develop his force through th e next 50 years. Our force is made up of people, weapons, equipment and organization, which can be brought them together for working effectivel y. This study was undertaken to identify factors that affect to military. Data was collected from secondary sources including review of contempo rary management literature, journals, and other published. Also, th e data was interviewed from high rank commanders who achieve in Royal Thai Air Force and involve high performance system. This paper clearly points to determine what makes a military an HPO. It also identifies or ganizational elements and discusses in the detail to explore what is impo rtant for being high performance organization.
A 2.0 Vpp Input, 0.5 V Supply Delta Amplifier with A-to-D Conversion

Recent progress in scaled CMOS technologies can enhance signal bandwidth and clock frequency of analog-digital mixed VLSIs. However, the inevitable reduction of supply voltage causes a signal voltage mismatch between a non-scaled analog chip and a scaled A-D mixed chip. To overcome this problem, we present a Delta-Amplifier (DeltAMP) which can handle larger signal amplitude than the supply voltage. DeltaAMP folds a delta signal of an input voltage within a window using a virtual ground amplifier, modulation switches and comparators. For reconstruction of the folded delta signal to the ordinal signal, Analog-Time-Digital conversion (ATD) was also proposed, in which pulse-width analog information obtained at the comparators in DeltAMP was converted to a digital signal by counting. A test chip of DeltAMP with ATD was designed and fabricated using a 90nm CMOS technology. A 2Vpp input voltage range and 50µW power consumption were achieved by the measurements with a 0.5V supply. High accuracy of 62dB SNR was obtained at signal bandwidth of 120kHz.
Research on Squirrel-Cage Induction Generator Full Power Converter Control Strategies of Wind Power Generation System with Dynamic Systems

In this paper, a new control scheme of a variable speed grid connected wind energy generation system was presented. The scheme used a squirrel-cage induction generator (SCIG) as generator and it connected to the grid through a back-to-back double PWM converter. According to the characteristics of induction motor, the generator side adopted rotor flux linkage oriented slip frequency vector control technology, and the grid side used the network voltage oriented control and voltage and current dual close-loop control strategy. The simulation results show that the system can work in the state of variable speed constant frequency (VSCF)power generation and the active and reactive power can be controlled with no mutual interference and with good static-dynamic performance.
The design of next generation SCADA systems

Current generation power network SCADA systems are characterised by their distributed architecture and full graphic MMI facilities. It is expected that next generation systems will move more and more towards open systems. However, their architecture and features will be influenced by the emergence of many new technologies. Two dominant technologies will be multi-media and asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) communications. Multi-media technology allows the provision of a superior MMI which will greatly boost the efficiency os SCADA operators. ATM technology, which blurs the distinction between LANs and WANs, will revolutionise the architecture of future power systems and greatly increase their performance as well as raising the limits of scalability and expandability of the new systems.
THE IMPACT OF THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL AGE (I4.0) ON HIGHER EDUCATION (HE4.0): IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF BANGLADESH

Higher education in the fourth industrial revolution (HE 4.0) is a complex, dialectical and exciting opportunity which can potentially transform society for the better. The fourth industrial revolution is powered by artificial intelligence and it will transform the workplace from tasks-based characteristics to the human centered characteristics. Because of the convergence of man and machine, it will reduce the subject distance between humanities and social science as well as science and technology. This will necessarily require much more interdisciplinary teaching, research and innovation. This paper explores the impact of HE 4.0 on the mission of a university which is teaching, research (including innovation) and service in the perspective of Bangladesh.
Effects of hole carrier injection and transport in organic light-emitting diodes

In this paper, we examine the effects of hole carrier injection and mobility on both the electroluminescence (EL) quantum efficiency and the operating voltage of bilayer organic light-emitting diodes (OLED's). We find that hole-injection is limited by the nature of the hole injecting interface and significantly affects the operating voltage, but not the quantum efficiency of the OLED. Hole mobility is found not to affect the device quantum efficiency. We demonstrate the characteristics of an ideal ohmic contact by measuring space-charge-limited currents in a trap-free hole transporting polymer layer.
Design-for-Iddq-testing for embedded cores based system-on-a-chip

System-on-a-chip (SoC) ICs in deep submicron technologies present major challenges in the implementation of Iddq testing. The problems are increased leakage current due to increasing number of gates as well as due to increased sub-threshold leakage of the individual transistors. While methods such as substrate-bias and low temperature are adequate to reduce sub-threshold leakage in deep submicron technologies, almost no solution is available to address the issue of increased leakage due to enormous size of the SoC design. In this paper, we first present a design-for-test concept to address the issue of high leakage due to the large size of SoC design. Secondly, we provide some design rules that are necessary to make SoC design suitable for Iddq testing. The design methodology presented in this paper facilitates Iddq testing by controlling power-supply of the individual cores through JTAG boundary scan and allows Iddq testing on one core at a time. The design does not require any dedicated pin for this control and area overhead is negligible.
Extrusion and Injection Molding of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-co-3-Hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx): Influence of Processing Conditions on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure

Biobased and biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) have great potential as sustainable packaging materials. However, improvements in their processing and mechanical properties are necessary. In this work, the influence of melt processing conditions on the mechanical properties and microstructure of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) is examined using a full factorial design of experiments (DoE) approach. We have found that strict control over processing temperature, mold temperature, screw speed, and cooling time leads to highly increased elongation at break values, mainly under influence of higher mold temperatures at 80 °C. Increased elongation of the moldings is attributed to relaxation and decreased orientation of the polymer chains together with a homogeneous microstructure at slower cooling rates. Based on the statistically substantiated models to determine the optimal processing conditions and their effects on microstructure variation and mechanical properties of PHBHHx samples, we conclude that optimizing the processing of this biopolymer can improve the applicability of the material and extend its scope in the realm of flexible packaging applications.
Terahertz technology for imaging and spectroscopy

The terahertz region of the electromagnetic spectrum has unique properties that make it especially useful for imaging and spectroscopic detection of concealed weapons, explosives and chemical and biological materials. However, terahertz energy is difficult to generate and detect, and this has led to a technology gap in this frequency band. Nonlinear diodes can be used to bridge this gap by translating the functionality achieved at microwave frequencies to the terahertz band. Basic building blocks include low-noise mixers, frequency multipliers, sideband generators and direct detectors. These terahertz components rely on planar Schottky diodes and recently developed integrated diode circuits make them easier to assemble and more robust. The new generation of terahertz sources and receivers requires no mechanical tuning, yet achieves high efficiency and broad bandwidth. This paper reviews the basic design of terahertz transmitters and receivers, with special emphasis on the recent development of systems that are compact, easy to use and have excellent performance.
Evaluating Head Mounted Display Efficiency by User Study

Head Mounted Display (HMD) has been widely used in the area of wearable computing, augmented/virtual reality etc. The different image sources and optical subsystems of HMDs result in the diverse comprehensive display properties and optical properties. The traditional method to evaluate a HMD is modular transfer function. It requires special instruments, software and professional backgrounds knowledge, and thus leads to the lack of usability when it applied by common users. On the basis of human transfer function and Fitts’ model, in this paper we proposed an evaluation method, which has the advantage of easy applying. We evaluated this method targeting at a commercial HMD and a custom HMD, and the result shows that our method has a high usability.
Social Status Reflected in Jane Austen's Emma

Abstract This research discusses the social status of society at Highbury in the era of the 19th century. In this research the writer using the qualitative method to analyze social status that reflected in Jane Austen’s Emma and apply the theory of Swingewood (1972), that is the sociology of literature or the sociological approach. The result of this research that obtained the social status is still upheld by the community as a culture that they must preserve. When choosing a life partner, it is often determined by the background of both parties. If both parties do not have a match in their background then their wedding will not be permanent and happy. Because a person's social status is made the key as a part of a relationship, both in love and marriage. Marriage and love relationships are motivated by social class and work. Meanwhile, based on this culture it leads to the opinion that the upper class is not worthy of having a love relationship with the lower class. Keywords: social status, happy, marriage, and love