Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rotational Dynamics of Inactive Satellites as a Result of the YORP Effect

Observations of inactive satellites in Earth orbit show that these objects are generally rotating, some with very fast rotation rates. In addition, observations indicate that the rotation rate at which defunct satellites spin tends to evolve over time. However, the cause for this behavior is unknown. The observed secular change in the spin rate and spin axis orientation of asteroids is known to be caused by the Yarkovsky-O'Keefe-Radzievskii-Paddack (YORP) effect, which results in a torque that is created from reflected thermal energy and sunlight from the surface of an asteroid. This thesis explores the effect of YORP on defunct satellites in Earth orbit and offers this as a potential cause for the observed rotation states of inactive satellites. In this work, several different satellite models are developed to represent inactive satellites in Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO). The evolution of the spin rate and obliquity for each satellite is then explored using Euler's equations of motion as well as spin and year averaged dynamics. This results in the dynamics being analyzed to understand the secular changes that occur, as well as the variations that result from short period terms over the course of a year. Some of the model satellites have asymmetric geometries, leading to the classical YORP effect as originally formulated for asteroids. One model satellite is geometrically symmetric, but relies on mass distribution asymmetry to generate the YORP effect. Because the YORP effect is directly dependent on geometric, optical and thermal properties of the satellite, varying these parameters can lead to different long-term rotational behavior. A sensitivity study is done by varying these parameters and analyzing its effect on the long-term dynamics of a satellite. Additionally, available observation data of inactive GEO satellites are used to estimate the YORP torque acting on those bodies. A comparison between this torque and the expected torque on a defunct satellite shows that the two are of the same order of magnitude, demonstrating that YORP could be a cause for the observed behavior.
Multi-ﬁdelity optimization strategy for the industrial aerodynamic design of helicopter rotor blades

The industrial aerodynamic design of helicopter rotor blades needs to consider the two typical ﬂight conditions of hover and forward ﬂight simultaneously. Here, this multi-objective design problem is tackled by using a genetic algorithm, coupled to rotor performance simulation tools. The turn-around time of an optimization loop is acceptable in an industrial design loop when using low-cost, low-ﬁdelity tools such as the comprehensive rotorcraft code HOST, but becomes excessively high when employing high-ﬁdelity models like CFD methods. To incorporate high-ﬁdelity models into the optimization loop while maintaining a moderate computational cost, a Multi-Fidelity Optimization (MFO) strategy is proposed: as a preliminary step, a HOST-based genetic algorithm optimization is used to reduce the parameter space and select a set of blade geometries used for initializing the high-ﬁdelity stage. Secondly, the selected blades are re-evaluated by CFD and used to construct a high-ﬁdelity surrogate model. Finally, a Surrogate Based Optimization (SBO) is carried out and the Pareto optimal individuals according to the SBO are recomputed by CFD for ﬁnal performance evaluation. The proposed strategy is validated step by step. It is shown that an industrially acceptable number of CFD-simulations is su ﬃ cient to obtain blade designs with a signiﬁcantly higher performance than the baseline and then SBO results issued from a standard Latin-Hypercube-Sampling initialization. The proposed MFO strategy represents an e ﬃ cient method for the simultaneous optimization of rotor blade geometries in hover and forward ﬂight.
In-Situ Biosequestration for Remediation of Uranium in Groundwater at the Monument Valley UMTRA Site

The Monument Valley UMTRA Site is a former uranium mining site that is located in Cane Valley, Arizona. The mining that occurred there from 1943 to 1968 created a groundwater contaminant plume that consists of nitrate, sulfate, and uranium. There are only a few viable methods for remediation of these types of contaminants occurring in large, deep plumes. Monitored natural attenuation is a popular approach because it is a green and low-cost alternative. However, it is often ineffective without some form of supplemental enhancement. In-situ biosequestration is one method of enhanced attenuation, which involves injecting an electrondonating substrate that will promote microbial activity and sequester contaminants by bioprecipitation, biomineralization, and enhanced adsorption. Prior tests conducted at the Monument Valley site in the center of the plume using ethanol as the electron donor proved effective in the treatment of nitrate, sulfate, and uranium. Subsequent pilot scale tests are being conducted in the source zone of the Monument Valley Site to further investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of using in-situ biosequestration for treatment of uranium contaminated groundwater. The preliminary results of these tests are discussed.
Consolidation process and stress-path-dependant deformations in excavations in soft soils

Back analysis of well instrumented excavations showed that the short term behavior of excavations is best expressed in terms of effective stress analysis. The three-dimensional consolidation theory, introduced by Biot (1941), assumes solely a one-dimensional loading, namely a change of stresses in vertical direction but drainage of the pore water in all directions. The complex relationships between the threedimensional change of stresses due to the excavation and the resulting wall movements are not yet considered in the current available computation methods. Therefore, the simultaneous influence of the stress relief due to excavation and the stress-path-dependent displacements on the consolidation process of an excavation has to be yet quantified. The paper introduces the research work currently running at our institute that investigate this problematic based on small scale model tests and controlled stress path triaxial tests. Beside the vertical deformations, horizontal deformations can be induced, which result from the wall deformation due to the redistribution of stress as a result of excavation. The permeability of the soil depends on the volume change, i.e. on the deformation behavior of of the soil. The relief of stresses due to excavation is to be understood as a negative load, which causes a volume increment of the soil and an increase of the pore volume. Depending on the permeability and the stiffness of the soil, a negative pore pressure can be developed. The unloading stiffness of the soil is taken in this case as governing stiffness. A question may however arise that to what extent will the permeability of the soil be affected by the heave of the soil due to the excavation The assumed linear elastic material behavior does not consider the irreversible deformations and the possible coupling between shearing and volume change. Moreover, the linear elasticity theory is independent of the stress paths. To date no theoretical approach is available that reasonably describes the consolidation process in excavations. The three-dimensional consolidation theory of Biot (1941) considers the same assumptions and conditions as Terzaghi’s one-dimensional theory. The differential equations of the three-dimensional consolidation analysis are based on the equilibrium and continuity conditions of a volume element of a soil. The continuity condition describes the relationship between the volume change of the soil particles of a given volume element and the amount of water flowing out of the element. It should be noted, however, that the volumetric deformations due to the drainage of the pore water in soil in all directions in three-dimensional consolidation theory are caused by loading in one direction only, namely the vertical direction. The increase in volume is described here by the Poisson’s ratio ν. The complex behaviour of a three-dimensional change of stresses due to excavation cannot therefore be described on the basis of the Biot theory.
Abstraction by Set-Membership Verifying Security Protocols and Web Services with Databases

The abstraction and over-approximation of protocols and web services by a set of Horn clauses is a very successful method in practice. It has however limitations for protocols and web services that are based on databases of keys, contracts, or even access rights, where revocation is possible, so that the set of true facts does not monotonically grow with state transitions. We extend the scope of these over-approximation methods by deﬁning a new way of abstraction that can handle such databases, and we formally prove that the abstraction is sound. We realize a translator from a convenient speciﬁcation language to standard Horn clauses and use the veriﬁer ProVerif and the theorem prover SPASS to solve them. We show by a number of examples that this approach is practically feasible for wide variety of veriﬁcation problems of security protocols and web services.
The Unpatchables: Why Municipalities Persist in Running Vulnerable Hosts

Many organizations continue to expose vulnerable systems for which patches exist, opening themselves up for cyberat-tacks. Local governments are found to be especially affected by this problem. Why are these systems not patched? Prior work relied on vulnerability scanning to observe unpatched systems, notification studies on remediating them, and on user studies of sysadmins to describe self-reported patching behavior, but they are rarely used together as we do in this study. We analyze scan data following standard industry practices and detect unpatched hosts across the set of 322 Dutch municipalities. Our first question is: Are these detections false positives? We engage with 29 security professionals working for 54 municipalities to collect ground truth. All detections were accurate. Our approach also uncovers a major misalignment between systems that the responsible CERT attributes to the municipalities and the systems the practitioners at municipalities believe they are responsible for. We then interviewed the professionals as to why these vulnerable systems were still exposed. We identify four explanations for non-patching: unaware , unable , retired and shut down . The institutional framework to mitigate cyber threats assumes that vulnerable systems are first correctly identified, then correctly attributed and notified, and finally correctly mitigated. Our findings illustrate that the first assumption is correct, the second one is not and the third one is more complicated in practice. We end with reflections on how to better remediate vulnerable hosts.
Trinity College Digital Repository Trinity College Digital Repository

Background: The low carbohydrate, high fat ketogenic diet can be an effective anticonvulsant treatment in some pediatric patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Its mechanism(s) of action, however, remain uncertain. Direct sampling of cerebrospinal fluid before and during metabolic therapy may reveal key changes associated with differential clinical outcomes. We characterized the relationship between seizure responsiveness and changes in lipid and carbohydrate metabolites. Methods: We performed metabolomic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid samples taken before and during ketogenic diet treatment in patients with optimal response (100% seizure remission) and patients with no response (no seizure improvement) to search for differential diet effects in hallmark metabolic compounds in these two groups. Optimal responders and non-responders were similar in age range and included males and females. Seizure types and the etiologies or syndromes of epilepsy varied but did not appear to differ systematically between responders and non-responders. Results: Analysis showed a strong effect of ketogenic diet treatment on the cerebrospinal fluid metabolome. Longitudinal and between-subjects analyses revealed that many lipids and carbohydrates were changed significantly by ketogenic diet, with changes typically being of larger magnitude in responders. Notably, responders had more robust changes in glucose and the ketone bodies β-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate than non-responders; conversely, non-responders had significant increases in fructose and sorbose, which did not occur in responders. Conclusions: The data suggest that a differential and stronger metabolic response to the ketogenic diet may predict a better anticonvulsant response, and such variability is likely due to inherent biological factors of individual patients. Strategies to boost the metabolic response may be beneficial.
Software driven SoC Architectural Exploration for AI and ML accelerators with RISC-V

— SoC developers and system designers are looking at hardware acceleration options for AI and Machine Learning applications moving from cloud-based algorithms to dedicated hardware. Since the algorithms are already configured with multicore support the tradeoffs become focused on the structure of processor arrays and the optimum performance requirements at each node. In addition to the flexibility offered by the open standard ISA of RISC-V to configure the core features to match the compute requirement, RISC-V offers the options to add custom extensions and instructions that allows a greater degree of system optimization. New extensions can be targeted at the application workload or as dedicated communication channels between the cores, nodes and/or interfaces to the NoC. This paper covers a methodology to evaluate the hardware options by enabling early system architectural exploration using software to uncover the optimum design configurations.
Efﬁcient CTL Veriﬁcation via Horn Constraints Solving

The use of temporal logics has long been recognised as a fundamental approach to the formal spec-iﬁcation and veriﬁcation of reactive systems. In this paper, we take on the problem of automatically verifying a temporal property, given by a CTL formula, for a given (possibly inﬁnite-state) program. We propose a method based on encoding the problem as a set of Horn constraints. The method takes a program, modeled as a transition system, and a property given by a CTL formula as input. It ﬁrst generates a set of forall-exists quantiﬁed Horn constraints and well-foundedness constraints by exploiting the syntactic structure of the CTL formula. Then, the generated set of constraints are solved by applying an off-the-shelf Horn constraints solving engine. The program is said to satisfy the property if and only if the generated set of constraints has a solution. We demonstrate the practical promises of the method by applying it on a set of challenging examples. Although our method is based on a generic Horn constraint solving engine, it is able to outperform state-of-art methods specialised for CTL veriﬁcation.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Creating shared value through open innovation approaches

To date, few researchers have linked open innovation approaches with triple bottom line corporate sustainability objectives in terms of economic, social, and environmental performance. A systematic review suggests that the businesses' collaborative relationships with external consultants or organizations can increase their competitive advantage, as external stakeholders could assist them in the development of sustainable innovations, diversification into different markets, and in the generation of new revenue streams. At the same time, they can support them in addressing numerous deficits in society. On the other hand, this contribution implies that an organizational culture that promotes open innovation approaches could expose practitioners to risks and uncertainties, like revealing sensitive information to outsiders, among others. In reality, it may prove difficult for the businesses to trust new partners, as they are not subject to their organizations' codes of conduct, rules, and regulations.
Separating Computational and Statistical Differential Privacy (Under Plausible Assumptions)

Computational diﬀerential privacy (CDP) is a natural relaxation of the standard notion of (statistical) diﬀerential privacy (SDP) proposed by Beimel, Nissim, and Omri (CRYPTO 2008) and Mironov, Pandey, Reingold, and Vadhan (CRYPTO 2009). In contrast to SDP, CDP only requires privacy guarantees to hold against computationally-bounded adversaries rather than computationally-unbounded statistical adversaries. Despite the question being raised explicitly in several works (e.g., Bun, Chen, and Vadhan, TCC 2016), it has remained tantalizingly open whether there is any task achievable with the CDP notion but not the SDP notion. Even a candidate such task is unknown. Indeed, it is even unclear what the truth could be! In this work, we give the ﬁrst construction of a task achievable with the CDP notion but not the SDP notion. More speciﬁcally, under strong but plausible cryptographic assumptions, we construct a task for which there exists an ε -CDP mechanism with ε = O (1) achieving 1 − o (1) utility, but any ( ε, δ )-SDP mechanism, including computationally unbounded ones, that achieves a constant utility must use either a super-constant ε or a non-negligible δ . To prove this, we introduce a new approach for showing that a mechanism satisﬁes CDP: ﬁrst we show that a mechanism is “private” against a certain class of decision tree adversaries, and then we use cryptographic constructions to “lift” this into privacy against computational adversaries. We believe this approach could be useful to devise further tasks separating CDP from SDP.
Evaluation of some cotton genotypes for resistance to Verticillium dahliae Kleb . under field conditions

Verticillium wilt caused by the soil-borne pathogen is one of the most significant diseases affecting the yield of cotton and is almost incurable with chemical agents. For this reason, it will be inevitable to cultivate resistant varieties. In this direction, this study was carried out to determine the response of cotton varieties and inbred lines obtained from cotton breeding projects of the GAP International Agricultural Research and Training Center (GAPUTAEM) in Diyarbakır, Türkiye to Verticillium wilt disease. The trial was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications during the 2016 and 2017 cotton growing seasons. In the study, 12 advanced inbred lines (8, 20, 30, 34, 38, 57, 58, 63, 64, 8/4, 5/7, and 8/1) and 3 control varieties [Stoneville 468, Carmen (tolerant control), and Çukurova-1518 (sensitive-control)] were tested for the response to Verticillium wilt under naturally infected field conditions. Disease severity was determined in the leaf at 5-10% and 50-60% of the boll opening stages and in the stem section after harvest. Additionally, some yield parameters and fiber quality properties were investigated in the study. The results indicated that there were significant differences among genotypes for most of the investigated characteristics.It was determined that with regard to foliar disease index (FDI) as mentioned boll opening stages and disease index of stem cross-section (SDI) the most tolerant genotype was inbred line 38, while the most sensitive variety was Çukurova-1518. As a result of their low disease index value and high yield capacity, the inbred lines 30, 57, 38, and 20 were recommended
The SJTU CHiME-4 system: Acoustic Noise Robustness for Real Single or Multiple Microphone Scenarios

Noise robust speech recognition is one of the most challenging problems. This paper described the most important technical designs in the SJTU CHiME-4 Challenge system covering data usage, feature normalization, advanced acoustic model, auxiliary feature joint training, multi-model joint decoding and multi-pass decoding pipeline. The impacts on the ﬁnal recognition accuracy from each technology are explored and compared. With the proposed technologies, our ﬁnal system obtains a very large improvement compared to the formal released baseline system. The ﬁnal average WERs of the real test set are 6.41%, 9.14%, 13.91% for 6-channel, 2-channel, and 1-channel, respectively.
MEASUREMENTS OF JETS IN ALICE ∗

The ALICE detector can be used for measurements of jets in pp , p Pb, and Pb–Pb collisions. Measurements of jets in pp collisions are consistent with expectations from perturbative calculations and jets in p Pb scale with the number of nucleon–nucleon collisions, indicating that cold nuclear matter eﬀects are not observed for jets. Measurements in Pb–Pb collisions demonstrate suppression of jets relative to expectations from binary scaling to the equivalent number of nucleon–nucleon collisions
Conjectural variations and evolutionary stability : A new rationale for consistency

Adopting an evolutionary approach, we explain the conjectural variations firms may hold in duopoly. Given conjectures, firms play the market game rationally. Success in the market game determines fitness in the evolutionary game. We show that the unique conjectures which are evolutionarily stable are consistent in that they anticipate rivals' behavior correctly.
Role of deep crustal fluids in the genesis of intraplate earthquakes in the Kachchh region, northwestern India

Fluids play a prominent role in the genesis of earthquakes, particularly in intraplate settings. In this study, we present evidence for a highly heterogeneous nature of electrical conductivity in the crust and uppermost mantle beneath the Kachchh rift basin of northwestern India, which is host to large, deadly intraplate earthquakes. We interpret our results of high conductive zones inferred from magnetotelluric and 3‐D local earthquake tomography investigations in terms of a fluid reservoir in the upper mantle. The South Wagad Fault (SWF) imaged as a near‐vertical north dipping low resistivity zone traversing the entire crust and an elongated south dipping conductor demarcating the North Wagad Fault (NWF) serve as conduits for fluid flow from the reservoir to the middle to lower crustal depths. Importantly, the epicentral zone of the 2001 main shock is characterized as a fluid saturated zone at the rooting of NWF onto the SWF.
Patients’ anxiety and expectations How they inﬂ uence family physicians’ decisions to order cancer screening tests

OBJECTIVE To compare the inﬂ uence of physicians’ recommendations and patients’ anxiety or expectations on the decision to order four cancer screening tests in clinical situations where guidelines were equivocal: screening for prostate cancer with prostate-speciﬁ c antigen for men older than 50; breast cancer screening with mammography for women 40 to 49; colorectal cancer screening with fecal occult blood testing; and colorectal cancer screening with colonoscopy for patients older than 40. DESIGN Cross-sectional mailed survey with clinical vignettes. SETTING British Columbia, Alberta, Ontario, Quebec, and Prince Edward Island. PARTICIPANTS Of 600 randomly selected family physicians in active practice approached, 351 responded, but 35 respondents were ineligible (response rate 62%).