Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Financial Ratio Aspects and Audit Quality in Predicting Firm’s Value in Pharmaceutical Sub-Sector Firms

Investors in determining the company to invest their capital, the decision to invest can be influenced by the firm’s value because the firm’s value is an indicator of financial performance for the company. This study examines financial ratio aspects consisting of liquidity, solvency, profitability, and audit quality to predict of firm’s value in the Pharmaceutical sub-sector in the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2015-2021. This study takes a quantitative methods approach with one or more variables accor the quantify scale, i.e. ration. Data gathering techniques utilized are documentation stages of financial statements. The final sample consists of nine firms in the pharmaceutical sub-sector. The regression analysis method is utilized panel data with Chow and Hausman’s test approaches. The findings were that not one of the financial ratio aspects had a significant effect on the firm’s value. However, 52.38 percent of the pharmaceutical sub-sector companies sampled were audited from the PAF Big-4 category.
Tools to Enumerate and Predict Distribution Patterns of Environmental Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Vibrio vulnificus (Vv) and Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp) are water- and foodborne bacteria that can cause several distinct human diseases, collectively called vibriosis. The success of oyster aquaculture is negatively impacted by high Vibrio abundances. Myriad environmental factors affect the distribution of pathogenic Vibrio, including temperature, salinity, eutrophication, extreme weather events, and plankton loads, including harmful algal blooms. In this paper, we synthesize the current understanding of ecological drivers of Vv and Vp and provide a summary of various tools used to enumerate Vv and Vp in a variety of environments and environmental samples. We also highlight the limitations and benefits of each of the measurement tools and propose example alternative tools for more specific enumeration of pathogenic Vv and Vp. Improvement of molecular methods can tighten better predictive models that are potentially important for mitigation in more controlled environments such as aquaculture.
Association between medication adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes with their quality of life: A cross-sectional study

Background: Assess the impact of medication adherence on quality of life (QOL) in patients with type 2 diabetes in different setting and societies, can be considered as a great clinical importance. Therefore, this study was designed for evaluation of association between medication adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes with their QOL.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 279 diabetic type 2 positive cases referred to Endocrinology clinic in Hamadan City at the first six months of 2020. The short-form health survey SF-36 and MMAS-8 questionnaire was used for assessing health related QOL and medication adherence of patients, respectively. Correlations between each QOL domain with medication adherence were tested with Pearson's r coefficient.Results: Among investigated patients, 154 (55.2%) of them were male and vast majority were urban dweller (91.07%). The number of 101 patients (36.07%) had high treatment adherence. We found a significant and positive correlation between medication adherence and domains of emotional wellbeing, social functioning, general health and total score of QOL (P>0.05). While there was a significant negative correlation between medication adherence and role limitations due to physical health (r=-0.14, P=0.02). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, diabetic patients with poor QOL may have less medication adherence, then such patients should be integrated e.g. in self-care education programs and reinforcement interventions to improve QOL and medication adherence.
Fast late Pleistocene slip rate on the Leng Long Ling segment of the Haiyuan fault, Qinghai, China

[1] Fieldwork along the western Haiyuan fault, where it cuts young glacial landforms in the Leng Long Ling range (Qinghai, northeastern Tibet), yields new constraints on its long-term left-slip rate. Our mapping near 101.85°E, based on aerial photographs, 1/50,000 topographic maps, and SPOT images, shows glacial valley edges and lateral moraines offset ∼200 m by the fault. Quartz-rich cobbles were sampled on top of one moraine for in situ 10Be and 26Al cosmogenic nuclide dating. Among 12 dated samples, the 6 oldest show ages clustering at 10,300 ± 339 years. This age probably reflects the time of last reshaping of the moraine before the valley glacier withdrew south of the fault around the end of the Younger Dryas (≃11,000 years B.P.). Assuming that the 200 ± 40 m moraine offset started to be recorded after glacial retreat across the fault constrains the late Pleistocene slip rate on the Leng Long Ling segment of the Haiyuan fault to be 19 ± 5 mm/yr.
Enhancement of the warming trend in China

The 1998 temperature averaged for the globe is the highest on record. Annual mean temperature of China in 1998 is +1.38°C above the normal, which also labels 1998 the warmest year since 1880 for China. Additional ice core δ18O and tree ring evidence shows stronger upward trend (of 0.50°C/100 years) than ever estimated based on temperature observations in eastern coast region only during the last hundred years. Enhanced warming trend has occurred in most eastern Asia, the remarkable trend is making the middle‐high continent of eastern Asia one of the rapidest warming regions in world during the last 2 decades. And the warming time series in China indicates a sinusoidal variation over the past hundred years and is different than for the global average.
The role of agricultural mechanization services in reducing pesticide input: promoting sustainable agriculture and public health

An increasing amount of pesticide input is posing a serious threat to the environment and public health. However, the quantitative analysis of the impact of agricultural mechanization services (AMS) on reducing pesticide input is not yet clear. In this study, the impact of AMS on pesticide input was estimated by using the Chinese Family Database and the endogenous switching regression model. Subsequently, testing the robustness of the model using the substitution variable method. The impact of AMS on different types of pesticides and the influence of farmers' choices of AMS on pesticide input under different terrain conditions and farm sizes were analyzed as well. The results demonstrate that AMS has a significant and negative impact on pesticide input, reducing pesticide expenditures by 56.08% for farmers who adopt AMS. For farmers who do not adopt AMS, adopting such services is assumed to reduce pesticide input by 14.97%. AMS can also reduce the use of insecticides and herbicides by over 54%. Compared to mountainous and hilly areas, AMS in plain areas increase the effectiveness of pesticide input reduction by 30.40%. Furthermore, small-scale farmers who adopt AMS can increase pesticide input reduction by 90 yuan/mu compared with large-scale farmers. Therefore, promoting the development of socialized AMS, strengthening AMS in mountainous and hilly areas, and expanding the scale of operation for small-scale farmers can help improve the effectiveness of pesticide input reduction. The results of this study can inform the development of strategies to reduce chemical pesticide use in agricultural soil.
230Th in the Andaman Sea: Rapid deep‐sea renewal

230Th activities were determined in seawater collected from the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea. The Andaman Sea is a semi‐closed basin that is isolated from the Bay of Bengal by the Andaman‐Nicobar Ridge. The noticeable trend in the vertical distribution of 230Th activity in the Andaman Sea is its uniformity below 1250 m depth. We applied the scavenging‐mixing model to this vertical profile in the Andaman Sea, and estimated the upper limit of renewal time to be 6 yr. We compared 210Pb/226Ra ratios among deep waters of various oceanic basins to constrain the application of 230Th as a tracer of deep‐water renewal. The 210Pb/226Ra ratios were almost identical for the deep‐water of the Andaman Sea and the inflow water from the Bay of Bengal, suggesting that the deep water in the Andaman Sea is replaced rapidly without bottom scavenging effects on the 210Pb/226Ra ratio.
ArCyb: A Robust Machine-Learning Model for Arabic Cyberbullying Tweets in Saudi Arabia

—The widespread use of computers and smartphones has led to an increase in social media usage, where users can express their opinions freely. However, this freedom of expression can be misused for spreading abusive and bullying content online. To ensure a safe online environment, cybersecurity experts are continuously researching effective and intelligent ways to respond to such activities. In this work, we present ArCyb, a robust machine-learning model for detecting cyberbullying in social media using a manually labeled Arabic dataset. The model achieved 89% prediction accuracy, surpassing the state-of-the-art cyberbullying models. The results of this work can be utilized by social media platforms, government agencies, and internet service providers to detect and prevent the spread of bullying posts in social networks.
THE SPINIFEX LAYER OF THE BOSTON CREEK FERROPICRITE, ABITIBI BELT, ONTARIO: MINERALOGICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL EVIDENCE FOR AN UNUSUAL HISTORY OF CLINOPYROXENE GROWTH AND MAGMA RECHARGE

La ferropicrite de Boston Creek, affleurant pres de Kirkland Lake dans la ceinture de l'Abitibi, en Ontario, est une unite differenciee a niveaux mafiques et ultramafiques d'âge archeen ayant une couche remarquablement epaisse de clinopyroxenite a texture spinifex a son contact superieur, equivalant a environ un tiers de l'epaisseur totale d'environ 100 m. Nous avons echantillonne la section a spinifex a un intervalle d'environ 1 m. Des reliquats du clinopyroxene a spinifex sont presents dans les deux-tiers inferieurs de la couche. Les resultats des analyses avec une microsonde electronique montrent que le clinopyroxene est une augite calcique avec une bordure generalement enrichie en Fe, Ca et Mn par rapport au noyeau. Ces variations sont plus evidentes dans les 10 m a la base de la couche. Un second clinopyroxene en surcroissance et en invaginations montre des variations de coeur a la bordure encore plus marquees, avec des compositions atteingnant le domaine de la diopside et de l'hedenbergite. Les variations en composition du clinopyroxene a texture de spinifex sont attribuees a la reaction entre clinopyroxene et liquide interstitiel piege. Une origine metamorphique semble beaucoup moins probable, compte tenu du manque de signes de tranferts de masse entre les roches encaissantes et la ferropicrite, la probabilite que les reactions d'echange entre pyroxene et liquide piege (presentement la matrice) seraient favorisees par une temperature magmatique, et la teneur elevee en Mn dans les premiers 5 m a la base du niveau a texture spinifex. Les compositions globales temoignent de diminutions marquees en Mg, Ni, Co et Cr dans les premiers 3 m au haut de la couche, et de faibles enrichissements en Ca, Al, K et Ti, signes de l'incompatibilite de ces elements au cours du fractionnement du clinopyroxene. Dans les premiers 10 m a la base de la couche, des inversions distinctes en composition sont evidentes dans les profils de Mg, Al, Cr et Mg# des roches totales. Ces inversions refleteraient un changement important de la composition du magma, peut-etre a cause d'une venue de magma frais au stade de cristallisation du gabbro, et d'un melange consequent entre magma non fractionne et magma residuel. Des variations locales des teneurs en elements du groupe du platine, certains aspects des relations isotopiques entre Re et Os, et les caracteristiques magnetiques a la base de la zone a spinifex et de la partie superieure de la couche gabbroique viennent etayer cette hypothese.
Overexpression of Cytosolic Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase 1 Gene Improves Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization in Potato

Nitrogen is one of the most important elements for improving potato yield. However, excessive application of nitrogenous fertilizer not only produces river and other environmental pollution but also increases agricultural production costs. In recent years, to explain the molecular mechanisms of nitrogen metabolites, some vital genes involved have been reported; however, only limited success has been achieved in potato. Here, we report that the expression of cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (StGAPC1) is increased under low-nitrogen stress. StGAPC1-overexpressing potato seedlings had more biomass and a significant increase in total nitrogen content and root nitrate influx rate compared to the wild type. The overexpression of StGAPC1 also increased the expression of nitrate transporters and increased ROS system activity to reduce hydrogen peroxide content under low-nitrogen stress. Our results provide a foundation for further research on StGAPC1 function in nitrogen absorption and utilization mechanisms in potato.
Water and sediment outbursts from advanced Franz Josef Glacier, New Zealand

The Franz Josef Glacier, Westland, New Zealand, has a history of catastrophic sediment‐laden outburst ﬂoods associated with extreme rainfall events when the glacier toe is advanced over its own sediments. Consideration of these events and inspection of recent sediment deposits suggest that there are three distinct modes of outburst. The ﬁrst is associated with fans fed by overﬂow along the glacier margin. As the glacier has advanced across its own foreﬁeld gravels, it is inferred that the primary drainage conduit has developed a reach of negative slope. In high ﬂows massive boulders can block the conduit, trapping lesser clasts. The resulting backup of water causes overﬂows through marginal moulins, producing the fan type of deposit.
Cellular surface plasmon resonance-based detection of anti-HPA-1a antibody glycosylation in fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia

Fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) can occur due to maternal IgG antibodies targeting platelet antigens, causing life-threatening bleeding in the neonate. However, the disease manifests itself in only a fraction of pregnancies, most commonly with anti-HPA-1a antibodies. We found that in particular, the core fucosylation in the IgG-Fc tail is highly variable in anti-HPA-1a IgG, which strongly influences the binding to leukocyte IgG-Fc receptors IIIa/b (FcγRIIIa/b). Currently, gold-standard IgG-glycoanalytics rely on complicated methods (e.g., mass spectrometry (MS)) that are not suited for diagnostic purposes. Our aim was to provide a simplified method to quantify the biological activity of IgG antibodies targeting cells. We developed a cellular surface plasmon resonance imaging (cSPRi) technique based on FcγRIII-binding to IgG-opsonized cells and compared the results with MS. The strength of platelet binding to FcγR was monitored under flow using both WT FcγRIIIa (sensitive to Fc glycosylation status) and mutant FcγRIIIa-N162A (insensitive to Fc glycosylation status). The quality of the anti-HPA-1a glycosylation was monitored as the ratio of binding signals from the WT versus FcγRIIIa-N162A, using glycoengineered recombinant anti-platelet HPA-1a as a standard. The method was validated with 143 plasma samples with anti-HPA-1a antibodies analyzed by MS with known clinical outcomes and tested for validation of the method. The ratio of patient signal from the WT versus FcγRIIIa-N162A correlated with the fucosylation of the HPA-1a antibodies measured by MS (r=-0.52). Significantly, FNAIT disease severity based on Buchanan bleeding score was similarly discriminated against by MS and cSPRi. In conclusion, the use of IgG receptors, in this case, FcγRIIIa, on SPR chips can yield quantitative and qualitative information on platelet-bound anti-HPA-1a antibodies. Using opsonized cells in this manner circumvents the need for purification of specific antibodies and laborious MS analysis to obtain qualitative antibody traits such as IgG fucosylation, for which no clinical test is currently available.
Long‐term change of CO2 latitudinal distribution in the upper troposphere

We analyzed temporal variations in the annual mean latitudinal distribution of upper tropospheric CO2 using the aircraft measurements taken between Japan and Australia over the period 1993–2013, plus earlier data from 1984 and 1985. The observed CO2 latitudinal gradient between 30°N and 30°S showed large interannual variations that are clearly associated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation events. We also found long‐term increasing trends of the CO2 gradients in the most northern latitudes that are proportionally associated with increasing fossil fuel emissions, while decreasing trends were found around the tropical regions. Extrapolation of the changes in the CO2 gradient back to zero fossil fuel emissions showed a negative north‐south gradient with lower CO2 in the Northern Hemisphere than in the Southern Hemisphere, as well as a regional CO2 elevation in the tropical regions. These features provide a useful constraint on model estimates of CO2 fluxes from the ocean and the land biosphere.
Mobile three-wavelength backscatter lidar of the Meteorological Institute of the University of Munich

A mobile multi-channel backscatter lidar for aerosol remote sensing is established at the Meteorological Institute of the University of Munich. The scientific objectives, the instrument concept, and the present state of the data evaluation schemes are briefly described. The potential of the lidar will be demonstrated by several experiments planned for the near future.
Volatile organic compound emissions from Scots pine: Mechanisms and description by algorithms

The mechanisms of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) were investigated in laboratory experiments. The plants emitted mainly monoterpenes and acetone. Isoprene was emitted only in small amounts, but the mechanisms of its emissions were similar to those of the other compounds. Isoprene, acetone, and monoterpene emissions from Scots pine could be well described by an algorithm that considers emissions caused by evaporation of VOCs out of pools and emissions in parallel with their biosynthetic production. Monoterpene emissions were mainly affected by temperature. In some cases, monoterpene emissions were also influenced by photosynthetic active radiation implying that monoterpene emissions from Pinus sylvestris occur from storage pools as well as from processes that are linked to monoterpene biosynthesis. The coupling of monoterpene emissions with photosynthesis was confirmed by results of experiments with 13CO2. The 13CO2 exposure resulted in emission of 13C labeled monoterpenes during 13CO2 exposure as well as during the night following the exposure. Similar results were also obtained for isoprene emissions. Scots pine emitted isoprene during illumination as well as in darkness. The emitted isoprene was labeled during 13CO2 exposure and in the night following the exposure. The results obtained for monoterpene emissions in the laboratory were compared to those of outdoor measurements with Scots pine. While the temperature dependencies of emission rates were comparable to those obtained from laboratory experiments, a PAR dependence was not detectable. Temperature variations during outdoor measurements prevented a detection of this dependence.
Species- and Community-Scale Simulation of the Phenology of a Temperate Forest in Changbai Mountain Based on Digital Camera Images

Abstract: Vegetation phenology is an important parameter in models of global vegetation and land surfaces, as the accuracy of these simulations depends strongly on the description of the canopy status. Temperate forests represent one of the major types of vegetation at mid-high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere and act as a globally important carbon sink. Thus, a better understanding of the phenological variables of temperate forests will improve the accuracy of vegetation models and estimates of regional carbon fluxes. In this work, we explored the possibility of using digital camera images to monitor phenology at species and community scales of a temperate forest in northeastern China, and used the greenness index derived from these digital images to optimize phenological model parameters. The results show that at the species scale, the onset dates of phenological phases (Korean pine, Mongolian oak) derived from the images are close to those from field observations (error < 3d). At the community scale the time series data accurately reflected the observed canopy status (R2 =0.9) simulated using the phenological model, especially in autumn. The phenological model was derived from simple meteorological data and environmental factors optimized using the greenness index. These simulations provide a powerful means of analyzing environmental factors that control the phenology of temperate forests. The results indicate that digital images can be used to obtain accurate phenological data and provide reference data to validate remote-sensing phenological data. In addition, we propose a new method to accurately track phenological phases in land-surface models and reduce uncertainty in spatial carbon flux simulations.
London calling : assessing the spread of metropolitan features in the South East

A growing phenomenon in British English is Regional Dialect Levelling. This is where accents lose their local characteristics in favour of more supralocal forms. The result is that different areas cease to have recognisably different dialects. For instance, neighbouring towns or villages become linguistically indistinguishable. Earlier elements of dialectal diversity are shaved off through processes of linguistic smoothing. This research focuses on two key issues: 1. The understanding of the mechanisms involved in regional dialect levelling 2. How accounts of dialect levelling can inform models of sound change more generally In this thesis I present an apparent time sociolinguistic study of regional dialect levelling in Hastings, a town on the coast of East Sussex, England. The study employs an empirical analysis of a number of ongoing sound changes. Specifically, the study examines three sound changes that, through previous analyses, have been shown to operate through different mechanisms: two features that are attributed to the externally motivated processes levelling and diffusion, and one internally motivated change driven by pressures inherent in the linguistic system. These contrasting mechanisms have been chosen in order to investigate a number of issues: first, to examine how each type of change may contribute to regional dialect levelling; and second, the analysis of these features enables a close examination of the interplay between external and internal forces of language change. More broadly, the evidence from this research is used to evaluate traditional principles of sound change in order to investigate how well they hold within a variety that is undergoing regional dialect levelling.
From Rotations to Revolutions: Non-timber Forest Products and the New World of Forest Management

Non-timber forest resources (NTFRs) are increasingly recognized globally as important in supporting the livelihoods of forest-dependent, often Aboriginal communities, in fostering natural resource conservation, and in providing ecosystem services. As British Columbia faces forestry challenges related to factors such as the mountain pine beetle infestation, climate change, and global competition, NTFR development may benefit rural and Aboriginal communities as they diversify their economies and manage the impacts of changes affecting the forestry sector. This article highlights a number of British Columbia NTFR case studies using an adapted "production-to-consumption" approach with a particular focus on NTFRs in the context of sustainable forest management. Four general forest management scenarios are outlined and used to discuss the potential for incorporating NTFRs within forest management planning.