Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Morphological and Hemodynamic Risk Factors for the Rupture of Proximal Anterior Cerebral Artery Aneurysms (A1 Segment)

Objective The treatment of unruptured small intracranial aneurysms remains controversial. A distinguishing characteristic of A1 segment aneurysms is that they tend to rupture when they are small, which may be related to their distinctive morphology and hemodynamics. Our study sought to investigate the rupture risk factors of A1 segment aneurysms by analyzing the clinical risk factors, morphology, and hemodynamic characteristics of A1 segment aneurysms. Methods We retrospectively enrolled 49 (23 ruptured, 26 unruptured) consecutive patients presenting to our institute with A1 segment aneurysms between January 2010 and March 2020. Independent risk factors associated with the rupture of A1 segment aneurysms were analyzed by multivariate regression analysis in the ruptured group and unruptured group. Results Clinical risk factors, including age, sex, hypertension, smoking history, and SAH family history revealed no difference between the ruptured and unruptured groups. The ruptured group presented a significantly larger size (Size, P = 0.007), aspect ratio (AR, P = 0.002), size ratio (SR, P = 0.001), bottleneck index (BN, P = 0.016), dome-to-neck ratio (DN, P = 0.001), and oscillatory shear index (OSI) (P = 0.001) than the unruptured group. The normalized wall shear stress (NWSS) of the ruptured aneurysms was lower than the unruptured group (P = 0.001). In the multivariate regression analysis, only SR (OR = 3.672, P = 0.003) and NWSS (OR = 0.474, P = 0.01) were independent risk factors in the A1 segment aneurysm rupture. Conclusion A higher SR and lower NWSS revealed a close connection with the rupture of A1 segment aneurysms in our study, thus providing a reference for clinical decision-making in treating A1 segment unruptured aneurysms.
Co-selective Pressure of Cadmium and Doxycycline on the Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance Genes in Ditch Wetlands

Abuse of heavy metals and antibiotics results in the dissemination of metal resistance genes (MRGs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Ditch wetlands are important sinks for heavy metals and antibiotics. The relationships between bacterial communities and MRG/ARG dissemination under dual stresses of heavy metals and antibiotics remain unclear. The responses of MRGs and ARGs to the co-selective pressure of cadmium (Cd) and doxycycline (DC) in ditch wetlands were investigated after 7-day and 84-day exposures. In ecological ditches, residual rates of Cd and DC varied from 0.4 to –5.73% and 0 to –0.61%, respectively. The greatest total relative abundance of ARGs was observed in the Cd 5 mg L–1 + DC 50 mg L–1 group. A significant level of DC (50 mg L–1) significantly reduced the total relative abundances of MRGs at a concentration of 5 mg L–1 Cd stress. Redundancy analysis indicated that Cd and DC had strong positive effects on most ARGs and MRGs after a 7-day exposure. Meanwhile, the class 1 integron gene (intI1) exhibited strong positive correlations with most ARGs and cadmium resistance genes (czcA) after an 84-day exposure. Network analysis showed that Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas were the potential dominant host genera for ARGs and MRGs, and tetracycline resistance genes (tetA), czcA, and intI1 shared the same potential host bacteria Trichococcus after an 84-day exposure.
Robustness Learning via Decision Tree Search Robust Optimisation

We present a novel method for robustness training for ReLU-based deep neural networks. The method involves a decision tree search targeting the worst-case data points to generate adversarial examples. We combine the decision tree search method with robust optimisation to train a robust model while maintaining accuracy at comparably lower computational effort than state-of-the-art methods. The efﬁciency is obtained by focusing on small regions centred around the input that have signiﬁcant potential to generate adversarial samples. We implemented the resulting method in the framework DT-SR OBUST , which was evaluated against state-of-the-art defence methods on MNIST and CIFAR10 datasets. In experiments, DTSR OBUST achieved a 14.2% gain on efﬁciency against the state-of-the-art defence methods in MNIST and 10.3% of that in CIFAR10 while maintaining similar accuracy.
A Scalable Method for Many Object Fluid-Structure Interaction Simulations

Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) Simulations are an important technology in many areas of research, including, but not limited to, Computer Graphics, Computational Physics and Engineering. This area is concerned with the realistic simulation of fluids, solids and their interaction. To accurately realize a simulation of an FSI scenario typically requires a large amount of computation and specialized numerical methods to ensure stability and accuracy. In this thesis, we consider the development of a numerical method for dealing with two and three-dimensional FSI scenarios where a large number of deformable objects are immersed in a incompressible fluid. The fluid component of the model is solved using standard CFD approaches, while the solid models are computed using an efficient heuristic. Their interaction is coordinated through the use of a specialized algorithm based on the level set method to coordinate the fluid solver and the solid models, transfer the necessary information between these model components, as well as object-with-object collisions, using a novel collision handling algorithm for arbitrarily shaped deformable objects. The method is described along with the motivations behind each model component in how they help us reach the goal of a scalable FSI object for this general scenario. Several test cases are presented to demonstrate the capability of the method in producing realistic FSI simulations. These experiments are then analysed to establish the scaling performance of our solver in terms of relevant performance metrics.
Lymphatics in Tumor Progression and Immunomodulation

The lymphatic system consists of a unidirectional hierarchy of vessels responsible for fluid homeostasis, lipid absorption, and the transport of immune cells and antigens to secondary lymphoid organs. In cancer, lymphatics play complex and heterogenous roles that can promote or inhibit tumor growth. While lymphatic proliferation and remodeling promote tumor dissemination, functional lymphatics are necessary for generating an effective immune response. Recent reports have noted lymphatic-dependent effects on the efficacy of immunotherapy. These findings suggest that the impact of lymphatic vessels on tumor progression is organ- and context-specific and that a greater understanding of the interaction of tumor cells, lymphatics, and the tumor microenvironment can unveil novel therapies.
Study on the model of water resources rational deployment for the low-carbon development mode

Research and development of modeling system becomes the key technology of water resources rational deployment.With identifying objects and dividing the area into elements,water resources rational deployment for the low-carbon development mode generalizes the coupled carbon-water system by means of constructing its conceptual diagram.Considering the water resources sustainable ultilization,in accordance with rules involving security,high efficience,low carbon and fairness,it constructs the model by seting the objective function,which is consisted with water deficience and net carbon emissions in the single unit and constraint conditions,into which limits are given,including the water balance,carbon balance,the index of carbon-water relationship,the benefit of carbon emission and capture of the hydraulic engineering,level of the groundwater,minimum efficience of water supply,eco-environment water usage,emergence water sources.
ROUGHNESS LENGTHS FOR THE SAVANNAH RIVER SITE

Surface roughness values for the areas surrounding the H, D and N-Area meteorological towers were computed from archived 2010 meteorological data. These 15-minute-averaged data were measured with cup anemometers and bidirectional wind vanes (bivanes) 61 m above the surface. The results of the roughness calculation using the standard deviation of elevation angle {sigma}{sub E}, and applying the simple formula based on tree canopy height, gave consistent estimates for roughness around the H-Area tower in the range of 1.76 to 1.86 m (95% confidence interval) with a mean value of 1.81 m. Application of the {sigma}{sub E} method for the 61-m level at D and N-Areas gave mean values of 1.71 and 1.81 with confidence ranges of 1.62-1.81 and 1.73-1.88 meters, respectively. Roughness results are azimuth dependent, and thus are presented as averages over compass sectors spanning 22.5 degrees. Calculated values were compared to other methods of determining roughness, including the standard deviation of the azimuth direction, {sigma}{sub A}, and standard deviation of the wind speed, {sigma}{sub U}. Additional data was obtained from a sonic anemometer at 61-m on the H-Area tower during a period of a few weeks in 2010. Results from the sonic anemometer support our use of {sigma}{submore » E} to calculate roughness. Based on the H-Area tower results, a surface roughness of 1.8 m using is recommended for use in dispersion modeling applications that consider the impacts of a contaminant release to individuals along the Site boundary. The canopy surrounding the H-Area tower is relatively uniform (i.e., little variance in roughness by upwind direction), and data supplied by the U.S. Forest Service at Savannah River show that the canopy height and composition surrounding the H-Area tower is reasonably representative of forested areas throughout the SRS reservation. For dispersion modeling analyses requiring assessments of a co-located worker within the respective operations area, recommended area-specific values range from 0.3 m for E Area to 0.7 m for A Area at the Savannah River National Laboratory. These area-specific values, summarized in Table 4-1, were determined using the Environmental Protection Agency's AERSURFACE computer algorithm. « less
Influence of Parameters on the Death Pathway of Gastric Cells Induced by Gold Nanosphere Mediated Phototherapy

Gold nanosphere (AuS) is a nanosized particle with inert, biocompatible, easily modified surface functionalization and adequate cell penetration ability. Photothermal, photochemical, and vapor effects of AuS could be activated by irradiating with nanosecond laser to cause cell death. Hence, AuS-mediated phototherapy irradiated with nanosecond laser is a promising and minimally-invasive treatment method for cancer therapy. However, various effects require different parameters to be activated. At present, few studies have reported on the influence of parameters of AuS inducing cell death under nanosecond laser irradiation. This makes it very challenging to optimize gold-nanoparticle-mediated specific or synergistic anti-cancer therapy. In this study, we revealed the main parameters and threshold values for AuS-mediated gastric cancer phototherapy with nanosecond pulsed laser irradiation, evaluated the pathway of induced cell death, and discussed the roles of photothermal, photochemical and vapor effects which can induce the cell death. The results showed that AuS-mediated phototherapy activated with nanosecond pulsed laser is an effective method for gastric therapy, mainly based on the photochemical effect. Prolonging the incubation time could decrease the irradiation dose, increase ROS-mediated photothermal effect and vapor effect, and then quickly induce cell death to improve security.
STAR TRACKER REAL-TIME HARDWARE IN THE LOOP TESTING USING OPTICAL STAR SIMULATOR

The demand for highly accurate attitude determination sensors has increased in the last few decades. One of the best and more accurate attitude determination sensors for spacecraft is the star tracker, which determines 3-axis attitude with an accuracy of a few arc-secs. In order to achieve this high accuracy, the star tracker hardware and software can be tested on-ground with an accurate optical simulator. This work presents an open-loop and closed-loop hardware test bench to demonstrate a star tracker’s functionality. The test bench consists of an optical star field simulator, a real-time simulation computer and the star tracker to be tested. A dSPACE real-time simulator is used to simulate vehicle attitude and the associated sky image is provided as input to the star tracker camera using the optical simulator. To close the simulation loop, the dSPACE simulator can respond to the star tracker measurements by changing the vehicle dynamics and thus the simulated star field image. The hardware-in-the-loop test bench was used to test the star tracker for the Hybrid Navigation Experiment for the SHEFEX-2 sounding rocket mission, which will be launched in late 2011. The test bench was first calibrated and aligned to remove errors in the simulation. End-to-end results using both the open- and the closed-loop test benches are then analyzed and discussed, which include measuring the total turn-around time and maximum vehicle rotation rate for the star tracker.
SMMART - System for Mobile Maintenance Accessible in Real Time

The SMMART integrated R&D project was launched in November 2005 and is planned to run for 3 years. With an overall budget of around 25 millions €, SMMART is partly cofunded by the European Commission under the FP6 joint IST (Information Society Technologies) and NMP (Nanotechnologies and nanosciences, knowledge-based multifunctional materials and new production processes and devices) priority. Coordinated by Turbomeca, the project involves a consortium of 24 partners, well balanced between large industry leaders, small and medium enterprises and research centres from across Europe.
Pb Induces MCP-1 in the Choroid Plexus

Simple Summary Our data in this study show that oral Pb exposure can induce MCP-1 expression along with monocyte and macrophage infiltration in the choroid plexus. Both NF-κB and p38 MAPK pathways modulate Pb-induced MCP-1 expression in CP epithelial cells. Abstract Lead (Pb) is an environmental element that has been implicated in the development of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Additionally, innate immune activation contributes to AD pathophysiology. However, the mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. The choroid plexus (CP) is not only the site of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production, but also an important location for communication between the circulation and the CSF. In this study, we investigated the involvement of the CP during Pb exposure by evaluating the expression of the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). MCP-1 is highly expressed in the CP compared to other CNS tissues. MCP-1 regulates macrophage infiltration and is upregulated in AD brains. Our study revealed that Pb exposure stimulated MCP-1 expression, along with a significantly increased macrophage infiltration into the CP. By using cultured Z310 rat CP cells, Pb exposure stimulated MCP-1 expression in a dose-related fashion and markedly activated both NF-κB and p38 MAP kinase. Interestingly, both SB 203580, a p38 inhibitor, and BAY 11-7082, an NF-κB p65 inhibitor, significantly blocked Pb-induced MCP-1 expression. However, SB203580 did not directly inhibit NF-κB p65 phosphorylation. In conclusion, Pb exposure stimulates MCP-1 expression via the p38 and NF-κB p65 pathways along with macrophage infiltration into the CP.
Under-actuated humanoid robot hand with changeable grasping force

Most conventional dexterous hands have too many DOFs, large drive systems and complicated controls so they can not be installed in a humanoid robot arm. This paper introduces the mechanical characteristics of an underactuated humanoid robot hand (TH1 hand) with changeable grasping force. The TH1 hand has a mechanical finger with changeable grasping force for a more stable grip. The TH1 thumb is an underactuated mechanical finger which has more DOFs with fewer drivers. The driving motors and control circuits are embedded inside the hand. The TH1 appearance and size are similar to a human hand. The hand is of lighter weight, has fewer DOFs, and can be easily controlled. Tests showed that the TH1 hand mounted in a humanoid robot can move with many anthropopathic actions such as extending, making a fist, and stably grasping objects of different sizes and shapes with variable force levels. The changeable grasping force finger mechanism and the underactuated thumb mechanism can also be used in other force transmission systems such as gear transmissions. 
HYBRID LOAD BALANCING ALGORITHM FOR FOG COMPUTING ENVIRONMENT

Fog computing has become a new trend in the Internet of things domain and cloud computing applications. It is a novel model to achieve the availability, flexibility and better responding time. In spite of that, there is so many challenges facing computing environments such as the misuse of the resources and load-balancing between them, which has a major effect on performance. The requirement of effective and robust load-balancing algorithms is one of the most significant interest in this field. Many researchers suggested various load-balancing algorithms in fog computing, but there is still inefficiency in the system performance and misalignment in load -balancing. This paper will provide a description of numerous concepts such as computing fog, fog nodes, load balancing and then we recommend a load-balancing algorithm to enhance the fog-computing environment performance, which is a hybrid algorithm benefits from the optimizing processing time (OPT) algorithms. In order to explore the proposed algorithm performance, a comparison made with other algorithms. Results indicates that using the proposed optimizing processing time algorithm in load-balancing algorithm has superior response and processing time than the compared algorithms to user requests, and the data total cost centre’s as well.
Predicting Throughput of Distributed Stochastic Gradient Descent

Training jobs of deep neural networks (DNNs) can be accelerated through distributed variants of stochastic gradient descent (SGD), where multiple nodes process training examples and exchange updates. The total throughput of the nodes depends not only on their computing power, but also on their networking speeds and coordination mechanism (synchronous or asynchronous, centralized or decentralized), since communication bottlenecks and stragglers can result in sublinear scaling when additional nodes are provisioned. In this paper, we propose two classes of performance models to predict throughput of distributed SGD: fine-grained models, representing many elementary computation/communication operations and their dependencies; and coarse-grained models, where SGD steps at each node are represented as a sequence of high-level phases without parallelism between computation and communication. Using a PyTorch implementation, real-world DNN models and different cloud environments, our experimental evaluation illustrates that, while fine-grained models are more accurate and can be easily adapted to new variants of distributed SGD, coarse-grained models can provide similarly accurate predictions when augmented with ad hoc heuristics, and their parameters can be estimated with profiling information that is easier to collect.
Passive radar imaging with GNSS transmitters and a fixed receiver: Latest results

This paper presents an overview of the latest research results towards the development of a coherent change detector based on passive, bistatic SAR imagery. The proposed system uses navigation satellites as transmitters, while the receiver is fixed on the ground. Potential problems in using such a configuration are briefly described, and a conceptual description of how they were tackled is given. Experimental results are provided where appropriate. Finally, an experimental test-bed designed to confirm the system feasibility is presented.
Comparison of diagnostic accuracy of immediate angiography derived residual quantitative flow ratio after bioresorbable scaffold and drug eluting stent implantation.

BACKGROUND Quantitative flow ratio (QFR) is a novel angiography derived fractional flow reserve (FFR) technique. However, its diagnostic accuracy has only be validated in native coronary lesions but not in vessels after bioresorbable scaffold (BRS) implantation. This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of residual QFR in coronary vessels immediately post-BRS implantation. METHODS This is a retrospective, two center, validation cohort study. 73 stable angina patients who received at least one de novo lesion of an everolimus eluting stent (EES)/BRS implantation with subsequent residual FFR assessment were screened. Patients with aorta-ostial stenoses, bridge vessels at the distal segment of targeted vessels, acute coronary syndrome, previous coronary artery bypass grafting, age <18 years, lack of ≥2 final angiographic projections were excluded. Contrast QFR assessment was performed blinded to FFR assessment. RESULTS A good correlation (r = 0.680, p < 0.001) was found between residual QFR and FFR. In the EES implantation cohort, a good correlation (r = 0.769, p < 0.001) was found between residual QFR and FFR, and a moderate correlation (r = 0.446, p = 0.038) in the BRS cohort. The area under the Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve for detecting FFR ≤0.86 was 0.883 for all patients. CONCLUSION Residual QFR assessment after BRS implantation is feasible, and has a moderate correlation and agreement with residual FFR. QFR may be a promising tool similar to FFR to evaluate post-BRS effect.
Dissolution of Portlandite in Pure Water: Part 2 Atomistic Kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) Approach

Portlandite, as a most soluble cement hydration reaction product, affects mechanical and durability properties of cementitious materials. In the present work, an atomistic kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) upscaling approach is implemented in MATLAB code in order to investigate the dissolution time and morphology changes of a hexagonal platelet portlandite crystal. First, the atomistic rate constants of individual Ca dissolution events are computed by a transition state theory equation based on inputs of the computed activation energies (ΔG*) obtained through the metadynamics computational method (Part 1 of paper). Four different facets (100 or 1¯00, 010 or 01¯0, 1¯10 or 11¯0, and 001 or 001¯) are considered, resulting in a total of 16 different atomistic event scenarios. Results of the upscaled KMC simulations demonstrate that dissolution process initially takes place from edges, sides, and facets of 010 or 01¯0 of the crystal morphology. The steady-state dissolution rate for the most reactive facets (010 or 01¯0) was computed to be 1.0443 mol/(s cm2); however, 0.0032 mol/(s cm2) for 1¯10 or 11¯0, 2.672 × 10−7 mol/(s cm2) for 001 or 001¯, and 0.31 × 10−16 mol/(s cm2) for 100 or 1¯00 were represented in a decreasing order for less reactive facets. Obtained upscaled dissolution rates between each facet resulted in a huge (16 orders of magnitude) difference, reflecting the importance of crystallographic orientation of the exposed facets.