Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
WalkRollMap.org: Crowdsourcing barriers to mobility

Walking is a simple way to improve health through physical activity. Yet many people experience barriers to walking from a variety of physical, social, and psychological factors that impact their mobility. A challenge for managing and studying pedestrian environments is that barriers often occur at local scales (e.g., sidewalk features), yet such fine scale data on pedestrian facilities and experiences are often lacking or out of date. In response, our team developed WalkRollMap.org an online mapping tool that empowers communities by providing them with tools for crowdsourcing their own open data source. In this manuscript we highlight key functions of the tool, discuss initial approaches to community outreach, and share trends in reporting from the first nine months of operation. As of July 27, 2022, there have been 897 reports, of which 53% served to identify hazards, 34% missing amenities, and 14% incidents. The most frequently reported issues were related to sidewalks (15%), driver behavior (19%), and marked crosswalks (7%). The most common suggested amenities were sidewalks, marked crosswalks, connections (i.e., pathways between streets), and curb cuts. The most common types of incidents all included conflicts with vehicles. Data compiled through WalkRollMap.org offer unique potential for local and timely information on microscale barriers to mobility and are available for use by anyone as data are open and downloadable.
Multiscale minimization of global energy functions in some visual recovery problems

Abstract Many image analysis and computer vision problems have been expressed as the minimization of global energy functions describing the interactions between the observed data and the image representations to be extracted in a given task. In this note, we investigate a new comprehensive approach to minimize global energy functions using a multiscale relaxation algorithm. The energy function is minimized over nested subspaces of the original space of possible solutions. These subspaces consist of solutions which are constrained at different scales. The constrained relaxation is implemented via a coarse-to-fine multiresolution algorithm that yields fast convergence towards high quality estimates when compared to standard monoresolution or multigrid relaxation schemes. It also appears to be far less sensitive to local minima than standard relaxation algorithms. The efficiency of the approach is demonstrated on a highly nonlinear combinatorial problem which consists of estimating long-range motion in an image sequence on a discrete label space. The method is compared to standard relaxation algorithms on real world and synthetic image sequences.
Narrow Linewidth All-Optical Optomechanically Microwave Oscillator Based on Forward Stimulated Brillouin Scattering

An narrow linewidth all-optical optomechanically microwave oscillator (OM-MO) based on forward stimulated Brillouin scattering (FSBS) for microwave photonics (MWPs) generation is proposed and demonstrated. The all-optical OM-MO consists of a 100 m SMF ring cavity which provide FSBS gain and a Sagnac loop with 10 m un-pumped Erbium-doped fiber (EDF) that used as saturable absorber. At 280 mW 980 nm pump threshold power, the 128∼368 MHz tunable range with about 50 MHz frequency interval of the MWPs are achieved by adjusting PCs to tune the offset frequency between the repetition rate of the driving pulse and the R03–R08 FSBS acoustic mode resonance frequency of the all-optical OM-MO. At the same time, the acoustic and side-mode suppression rates of R03–R08 acoustic mode based R03–R08 MWPs are 21, 28, 22, 28, 31, 27 dB and 38, 28, 20, 30, 30, 32 dB respectively. Compared with the FSBS based OEO and passively mode locked fiber laser, the all-optical OM-MO in longer length fiber without any electrical microwave devices can generate narrower linewidth MWPs by narrowing the passive resonator intrinsic linewidth, which is different from the backward Brillouin fiber laser of narrowing pump linewidth. The linewidths of R03–R08 MWPs are 11.9, 11.1, 10.3, 10.8, 10.4, 10.5 Hz. Within 20 minutes of the stability experiment, the power and frequency stability fluctuation of the R04 MWP are ±0.5 dB and ±5 kHz respectively. The best phase noise value at 10 kHz frequency offset is −136.1 dBc/Hz of R04 MWP which is superior to FSBS based OEO. This narrow linewidth MWP generation technology can be promising for radar monitoring and wireless communication applications.
The Insecticidal Activity of Azadirachta indica Leaf Extract: Optimization of the Microencapsulation Process by Complex Coacervation

The objective of the present work was to optimize the microencapsulation conditions of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) leaf extracts for the biocontrol of Tenebrio molitor. The complex coacervation method was used for the encapsulation of the extracts. The independent factors considered were the pH (3, 6, and 9), pectin (4, 6, and 8% w/v), and whey protein isolate (WPI) (0.50, 0.75, and 1.00% w/v). The Taguchi L9 (33) orthogonal array was used as the experimental matrix. The response variable was the mortality of T. molitor after 48 h. The nine treatments were applied by immersion of the insects for 10 s. The statistical analysis revealed that the most influential factor on the microencapsulation was the pH (73% of influence), followed by the pectin and WPI (15% and 7% influence, respectively). The software predicted that the optimal microencapsulation conditions were pH 3, pectin 6% w/v, and WPI 1% w/v. The signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio was predicted as 21.57. The experimental validation of the optimal conditions allowed us to obtain an S/N ratio of 18.54, equivalent to a T. molitor mortality of 85 ± 10.49%. The microcapsules had a diameter ranging from 1–5 μm. The microencapsulation by complex coacervation of neem leaf extract is an alternative for the preservation of insecticidal compounds extracted from neem leaves.
Sequential Detection of Transient Changes

Abstract This article addresses the transient change detection problem. It is assumed that a change occurs at an unknown (but nonrandom) change-point and the duration of post-change period is finite and known. A latent detection—that is, a detection that occurs after signal disappearance—is considered as a missed detection. A new optimality criterion adapted to the detection of transient changes involves the minimization of the worst-case probability of missed detection under constraint on the false alarm rate for a given period. A suboptimal sequential transient change detection algorithm is proposed. It is based on a window-limited cumulative sum (CUSUM) test. An upper bound for the worst-case probability of missed detection and a lower and an upper bound for the false alarm rate are proposed. Based on these bounds, the window-limited CUSUM test is optimized with respect to the proposed criterion. The developed algorithm and theoretical findings are applied to drinking water distribution network monitoring.
Feasibility of Non-Invasive Coronary Artery Disease Screening with Coronary CT Angiography before Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation

Coronary artery disease (CAD) screening is usually performed before transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) by invasive coronary angiography (ICA). Computed coronary tomography angiography (CCTA) has shown good diagnostic performance for CAD screening in patients with a low probability of CAD and is systematically performed before TAVI. CCTA could be an efficient alternative to ICA for CAD screening before TAVI. We sought to investigate the diagnostic performance of CCTA in a population of unselected patients without known CAD who were candidates for TAVI. All consecutive patients referred to our center for TAVI without known CAD were enrolled. All patients underwent CCTA and ICA, which were considered the gold standard. A statistical analysis of the diagnostic performance per patient and per artery was performed. 307 consecutive patients were enrolled. CCTA was non-analyzable in 25 patients (8.9%). In the per-patient analysis, CCTA had a sensitivity of 89.6%, a specificity of 90.2%, a positive predictive value of 65.15%, and a negative predictive value of 97.7%. Only five patients were classified as false negatives on the CCTA. Despite some limitations of the study, CCTA seems reliable for CAD screening in patients without known CAD who are candidates for TAVI. By using CCTA, ICA could be avoided in patients with a CAD-RADS score ≤ 2, which represents 74.8% of patients.
Evaluation of multiple beam interference effects in infrared gas spectroscopy

Spectral interference resulting from the tendency of infrared windows to act as low-finesse etalons is evaluated for various infrared materials. The effects temperature dependence and implications to CO2 concentration measurements is demonstrated by modelling the etalons influence on the CO2 nu(3) absorption band. It is shown that semiconductor and zinc chalcogenide windows exhibit a very strong temperature sensitivity, with lower refractive index windows, such as fluorides, having a lesser but still significant sensitivity which can lead to spurious results. Elimination of any spectral distortion or changes in concentration due to etalon effects requires the windows to be wedged with a minimum angle of approximately 1.0-0.7 mrad depending on the window material.
Establishment and validation of a multigene model to predict the risk of relapse in hormone receptor-positive early-stage Chinese breast cancer patients

Abstract Background: Breast cancer patients who are positive for hormone receptor typically exhibit a favorable prognosis. It is controversial whether chemotherapy is necessary for them after surgery. Our study aimed to establish a multigene model to predict the relapse of hormone receptor-positive early-stage Chinese breast cancer after surgery and direct individualized application of chemotherapy in breast cancer patients after surgery. Methods: In this study, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between relapse and nonrelapse breast cancer groups based on RNA sequencing. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to identify potential relapse-relevant pathways. CIBERSORT and Microenvironment Cell Populations-counter algorithms were used to analyze immune infiltration. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, log-rank tests, and multiple Cox regression were performed to identify prognostic signatures. A predictive model was developed and validated based on Kaplan–Meier analysis, receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Results: A total of 234 out of 487 patients were enrolled in this study, and 1588 DEGs were identified between the relapse and nonrelapse groups. GSEA results showed that immune-related pathways were enriched in the nonrelapse group, whereas cell cycle- and metabolism-relevant pathways were enriched in the relapse group. A predictive model was developed using three genes (CKMT1B, SMR3B, and OR11M1P) generated from the LASSO regression. The model stratified breast cancer patients into high- and low-risk subgroups with significantly different prognostic statuses, and our model was independent of other clinical factors. Time-dependent ROC showed high predictive performance of the model. Conclusions: A multigene model was established from RNA-sequencing data to direct risk classification and predict relapse of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer in Chinese patients. Utilization of the model could provide individualized evaluation of chemotherapy after surgery for breast cancer patients.
Plant succession on glacial moraines in the Arctic Brooks Range along a >125,000-year glacial chronosequence/toposequence

ABSTRACT Widespread glacial retreat is now occurring in many arctic mountain ranges, yet little is known about primary succession following deglaciation in these settings. Newly created habitats could provide refugia for flora and fauna whose ranges are threatened elsewhere by rapid warming. To assess vegetation responses to glacial retreat in an arctic–alpine setting, we first describe plant community development on two recently deglaciated moraines in the Brooks Range. We then compare these recent communities with communities developed along a moraine chronosequence that spans >125,000 years and ranges in altitude between 800 and 1,700 m.a.s.l. Results show that (1) within twenty-two to thirty-six years following deglaciation, primary succession begins with the assembly of small communities of eight to thirteen vascular and nonvascular plant species; (2) species turnover is low, with many pioneer taxa, particularly lichens, persisting at the oldest sites and across all altitudes; and (3) overall, succession is directional and slow, with species richness increasing for up to 25,000 years, and percentage vegetation cover reaching >100 percent on the oldest glacial deposits. This is the first vegetation study on primary succession in the high central Brooks Range, and it supplies a previously missing alpine element within a vegetation transect across northern Alaska’s bioclimatic gradient.
Magnetotransport in the magnetic superconductor HoNi2B2C

The electrical resistivity and the magnetization of single crystalline HoNi2B2C have been measured at several magnetic fields. In the paramagnetic region, the magnetization is nicely reproduced by calculations that take the crystal electric field (CEF) into consideration. The magnetoresistance is negative at a wide temperature range, and is strongly dependent on the magnetization. It is interpreted by the reduction of spin‐disorder scattering as the moments are polarized.
The Princeton Companion to Mathematics , edited by Gowers Timothy (Barrow-Green June and Leader Imre, associate editors), Princeton University Press, 2008, 1008 pp.

For Carnap, R(TC ) and C (TC ) represent the factual and analytic components of theories for three reasons: (i) R(TC ) ∧ C (TC ) is logically equivalent to TC ; (ii) R(TC ) and TC imply the same O-sentences (which Carnap himself proved); (iii) C (TC ) is observationally uninformative: all O-sentences it implies are logically true. Demopoulos also observes that this factual-analytic division is independent of the formalization, and he shows it subsumes Carnap’s earlier analysis of dispositional terms in Testability and Meaning (Philosophy of Science, vol. 3 and 4, pp. 419–471 and 1–40). Despite these advantages, Demopoulos shows that a deficiency similar to one facing Russell’s structural realism (The Analysis of Matter, Allen and Unwin, 1927) also plagues Carnap’s explication: it does not capture how scientific theories are a posteriori and synthetic (see also Stathis Psillos, Carnap, the Ramsey sentence, and realistic empiricism, Erkenntnis, vol. 52 (2000), pp. 253–279). The problem is that, whereasTC represents synthetic theoretical claims, R(TC ) seems unable to do so. Given a minimal cardinality assumption about domains of quantification (and that the relevant set of O-sentences are consistent), R(TC ) makes such claims logically true and knowable a priori (an appendix presents the requisite proofs). To illustrate, consider a TC comprised only of (∀x)[(Fx → Rx) ∧ (Rx → Kx)] where F and K are O-terms and R is a T -term. Its observational content is that every F is a K , but TC also states that R weakly separates them. The corresponding Ramsey sentence, however, which existentially quantifies over R, is (almost) logically true (modulo the cardinality and consistency assumptions). As a reconstruction of the claim TC makes, this seems to mischaracterize its theoretical status. Unfortunately, only the main points of these philosophically stimulating essays have been considered, but their detailed and careful analyses make it abundantly clear that Carnap’s work demonstrates logical abilities beyond mere facility with application. They also reveal the philosophical insights and challenging issues that emerge from his unique, technically rigorous approach to philosophical issues. Hopefully, similar high qualityworkswill continue to secure Carnap’s rightful place as an architect and exemplar of analytic philosophy. James Justus Department of Philosophy, Florida State University, 154 Dodd Hall, 641 University Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA and Department of Philosophy, University of Sydney, Centre for the Foundations of Science, Sydney, NSW 2016, Australia. jjustus@fsu.edu.
Distribution of humpback whales along the coast of Ecuador and management implications

As part of a long-term population study of humpback whales breeding on the coast of Ecuador (2°S, 81°W), four sites on the central coast were surveyed: Puerto Cayo, Puerto López, La Plata Island and Salinas. The spatial, temporal and age class distributions of 322 groups positioned during the period of 1996-2003 were analysed regarding their distance from the shore and water depth with two statistical methods: one-way ANOVA and linear modelling. The average sighting distance from shore varied between 5.31km in Salinas and 10.16km in Puerto Cayo with mid values in Puerto López and La Plata Island. Average water depth was similar in Puerto López, La Plata Island and Salinas (36-39m) but lower in Puerto Cayo (19.43m). Differences were highly significant in both cases (p<0.01). A progressive but not significant increase in the average distance from shore was found (6.2km in June to 7.17km in September). Sighting depth was constant between June and August (average 35-36m) but decreased significantly in September to 27m (p<0.01). This difference was attributed to the presence of mother-calf pairs in shallower water by the end of the season. Age class analyses using ANOVA showed highly significant differences between groups of adults, and adults with subadults with respect to singleton subadults, and groups containing a mother-calf pair for both distance from shore and depth (p<0.01); however, linear modelling analyses showed only depth was significant (p=0.026). This suggests that depth is a more important determinant of differences in distribution between these age classes than proximity to shore. The sightings distribution showed segregation of both mother-calf pairs (towards shallow waters) and of singleton subadults (towards the boundaries of the surveyed area). Since only eight sightings (2.5%) were in waters deeper than 60m, we propose that depth is a major feature determining humpback whale distribution in these waters. Implications of this coastal distribution are discussed, particularly with respect to bycatch in fishing gear and whalewatching. A review of recent southeast Pacific sightings showed that humpback whales are also abundant in coastal waters to the southwest of Ecuador (3°S) and confirmed that they are scarce offshore. However, whales are more widely distributed in the north of Peru (4°-6°S) where they make the transition between deeper oceanic and shallower coastal waters when arriving at and leaving the breeding area.
Statistical Factor Analysis and Related Methods: Theory and Applications

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Parametric studies of the acoustic behavior of duct-lining materials

Fan noise radiated from the engine inlet and fan discharge of current fan jet airplanes during landing makes the largest contribution to perceived noise. This noise can be reduced by lining the engine inlet and duct walls with sound‐absorbing materials. Because of the scarcity of analytical lining design methods which include duct airflow effects, an experimental program was conducted to investigate the influence of acoustic and geometric duct‐lining parameters on fan‐noise attenuation. The significant parameters were found to be the acoustic impedance, treatment length, depth, core‐cell dimensions, channel width, number of walls lined, number of layers in the linings, air velocity, and direction of flow with reference to sound propagation. The influence of these parameters is discussed. For simple single‐layer linings a design technology has been developed by means of empirical equations. Experimental results show that this technology is valid, for duct sizes from 4 to 12 in. , lining depths of 14 to 1 in.
Photoluminescence of mechanically polished ZnO

The effects of mechanical polishing on the photoluminescence (PL) from each polar face of wurtzite-structure ZnO are presented. Differences observed for the 4.2K PL of a mechanically polished surface when compared to that of a chemomechanically polished surface include broadened bound-exciton peaks, hot-exciton luminescence, and a donor-acceptor pair peak at 3.2108eV. Analysis of this donor-acceptor pair peak results in estimated donor and acceptor ionization energies of 52±10 and 230±10meV, respectively, with a mean separation distance between pairs of approximately 3–4nm. The donors and acceptors are attributed to point defects introduced by dislocation motion during the polishing process and identified as octahedral Zn interstitials and Zn vacancies, respectively.
Evaluation of electron-phonon interactions in halide perovskites toward semiconductor optical refrigeration

Semiconductor optical refrigeration utilizes the energy upconversion of light via anti-Stokes (AS) photoluminescence (PL), which occurs through a phonon-assisted optical absorption process. This process is advantageous for semiconductors with strong electron-phonon (e-ph) interactions, such as lead halide perovskites. We discuss the significance of short-range e-ph interactions in the AS-PL process, rather than the long-range Fröhlich interactions. Short-range e-ph interactions induce Urbach tail absorption, which is experimentally evaluated via the steepness parameter. We simulate the impact of the steepness parameter on the photo-cooling gain and efficiency. We also focus on halide perovskite CsPbBr3 quantum dots embedded in a Cs4PbBr6 host crystal, which possess both near-unity PL quantum efficiency and strong e-ph interactions, and quantitatively evaluate their AS-PL properties. Based on the spectroscopic results, we discuss the possibility of semiconductor optical refrigeration using halide perovskite quantum dots.
Condenson state and its effects on thermoelectric properties in In4Se3

The thermoelectric properties of In4Se3 compounds were investigated, and their unique charge and thermal transport behaviours were interpreted in terms of condenson state for the first time. The effects of Sn-doping both on the carrier localization and lattice thermal conductivity were consistent with the proposed condenson model. Some important physical properties, such as the band gap energy of In4Se3 and the binding energy of the condenson state, are also presented.