Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conditional Probability Joint Extraction of Nested Biomedical Events: Design of a Unified Extraction Framework Based on Neural Networks

Background Event extraction is essential for natural language processing. In the biomedical field, the nested event phenomenon (event A as a participating role of event B) makes extracting this event more difficult than extracting a single event. Therefore, the performance of nested biomedical events is always underwhelming. In addition, previous works relied on a pipeline to build an event extraction model, which ignored the dependence between trigger recognition and event argument detection tasks and produced significant cascading errors. Objective This study aims to design a unified framework to jointly train biomedical event triggers and arguments and improve the performance of extracting nested biomedical events. Methods We proposed an end-to-end joint extraction model that considers the probability distribution of triggers to alleviate cascading errors. Moreover, we integrated the syntactic structure into an attention-based gate graph convolutional network to capture potential interrelations between triggers and related entities, which improved the performance of extracting nested biomedical events. Results The experimental results demonstrated that our proposed method achieved the best F1 score on the multilevel event extraction biomedical event extraction corpus and achieved a favorable performance on the biomedical natural language processing shared task 2011 Genia event corpus. Conclusions Our conditional probability joint extraction model is good at extracting nested biomedical events because of the joint extraction mechanism and the syntax graph structure. Moreover, as our model did not rely on external knowledge and specific feature engineering, it had a particular generalization performance.
IMPROVEMENT OF REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF BRAHMAN CROSS BY HORMONAL TREATMENT AT SMALL FARMS IN EAST JAVA

A study on Brahman cross was conducted in East Java Province to observe their reproductive performance by gonadotropin and prostaglandin hormone. GnRH and prostaglandin (PGF – 2) affect reproductive cycle of cow. The hormones improve reproductive status of cattle and fix time of mate. This study was aimmed to improve reproduction of Brahman cross cows through injection of GnRH and PGF – 2 to increase the pregnancy rate. In this research 60 Brahman cross cows were used (BX). They were maintained in the East Java region in Lamongan, Pasuruan and Ngawi. 60 Brahman cross cows with reproductive problems were choosen. Cows with body score of 5 – 7 were selected, there were 30 cows in Lamongan, 20 cows in Pasuruan and 10 cows in Ngawi. The hormone was given by three methods as follow: (1) Injection of GnRH 2 ml followed by prostaglandin 5 ml after 7 days and mated to a maximum after 3 – 4 days (20 cows); (2) Injection of GnRH 2 ml followed by prostaglandin 5 ml after 7 days continued with GnRH 2 ml after 2 days and mated to a maximum after 3 – 4 days (20 cows); (3) Injection of GnRH 2 ml followed by prostaglandin 5 ml after 7 days continued with GnRH 2 ml after 3 days and mated to a maximum after 3 – 4 days (20 heads). Results showed that effect of all three treatments on level of pregnancy tended to be higher on treatment B (55%) compared to treatment A (25%; P 0,05). In conclusion, all treatments gave similar pregnancy rate, however, treatment B was more economically efficient to improve reproductive performance of Brahman cross as small farms.
Intramedullary Nailing of Tibial Fractures. Is There a Relationship Between the Entry Point and Its Final Alignment?

Introduction: Tibial fractures represent approximately 2% of adult fractures. Today, intramedullary nailing is the procedure of choice to treat diaphyseal fractures of the tibia; however, this technique is not exempt from complications, misalignment in the coronal plane is one of the most frequent and feared by surgeons. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between nail entry point and misalignment in the coronal plane after surgery. Materials and Methods: We carried out a retrospective, de-scriptive, observational study between January 2015 and January 2019 of patients with diaphyseal fractures of the tibia, treated with intramedullary nailing. Radiographs were obtained in the immediate postoperative period and then every two months. The eighth-month radiograph, in which clear signs of bone consolidation could be observed, was taken into account to assess tibial alignment. results: When the nail entry point was central, there was only a 0.021 chance (or 2.1%) of any significant misalignment in the immediate postoperative period and after 8 months. In contrast, when it was medial, the chances of a valgus tendency were >0.85 (or 85%) already at the first image, i.e., post-surgery; and when it was lateral, this possibility was modified and deepened according to the time elapsed until the image achieved in the patient. conclusion: A marked and continuous relationship was observed between the entry point of the intramedullary nail and the alignment of the tibia after bone consolidation.
Equilibrium Analysis and Social Optimization in Cognitive Radio Networks

This paper investigates the admission control problem in cognitive radio networks (CRNs) from the economic viewpoint. Each secondary user (SU) has the option of accessing the spectrum or balking on account of the trade-off between the service profit and the delay cost. In order to avoid disturbing the transmission of primary users (PUs), the secondary user requires detecting the presence of PUs before starting its own communication. In addition, whenever a PU appears on the working channel, the SU must halt its transmission to guarantee the communication quality of PU. Therefore, regarding the actions of PU and SU, the licensed channel can be seen as a server switching between two working modes ON/OFF and each SU's data packet, call or connection as a customer. We propose a partially observable M/M/1 queueing model to describe the decision process of SUs. Based on the queueing model, we present two admission control strategies to maximize the welfare of individual SU and the whole society respectively.
Quantification of 18 F-fluorocholine kinetics in patients with prostate cancer

A Choline kinase is upregulated in prostate cancer (PCa), resulting in increased 18 F-fluoromethylcholine uptake. This study utilizes pharmacokinetic modeling to validate the use of simplified methods for quantification of 18 F-fluoromethylcholine uptake in a routine clinical setting. Methods: 40min dynamic PET/CT scans were acquired after injection of 204±9MBq 18 F-fluoromethylcholine, from eight patients with histologically proven metastasized PCa. Plasma input functions were derived using continuous arterial blood sampling (BSIF) and image-derived (IDIF). Manual arterial blood samples were used for calibration and correction for plasma-to-blood ratio and metabolites. Time activity curves (TAC) were derived from volumes of interest (VOI) in all visually detectable lymph node metastases (LNM). 18 F-fluoromethylcholine kinetics were studied by non-linear regression fitting of several single- and two-tissue plasma input models to the TAC. Model selection was based on Akaike’s information criterion (AIC) and measures of robustness. In addition, the performance of several simplified methods, such as standardized uptake value (SUV) was assessed. Results: Best fits were obtained using an irreversible compartment model with blood volume parameter. Parent fractions were 0.12±0.4 after 20min, necessitating individual metabolite corrections. Correspondence between venous and arterial parent fractions was low as determined by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC=0.61). Results for IDIF derived from VOI in blood pool structures distant from tissues of high 18 F-fluoromethylcholine uptake, yielded good correlation to those for BSIF (R 2 =0.83). SUV showed poor correlation to parameters derived from full quantitative kinetic analysis (R 2 <0.34). In contrast, lesion activity concentration normalized to the integral of the blood activity concentration over time (SUV AUC ) showed good correlation (R 2 =0.92 for metabolite corrected plasma and R 2 =0.65 for whole-blood activity concentrations). Conclusion: SUV cannot be used to quantify obtain the blood activity concentrations, the other a whole body scan at 30min p.i. to obtain LNM activity concentrations.
SECURING WEB-BASED APPLICATIONS WITH PRIVACY PRESERVING TRAFFIC PADDING

Now-a-days, Web-based applications are gaining great reputation as they require less client side resources and are easier to deliver and maintain. But they also have new security and privacy challenges. The encrypted traffic of many popular Web applications may actually disclose highly sensitive data due to the side channel attack, and consequently lead to serious breaches of user privacy. An eavesdropper potentially identifies the applications’ internal state transitions and the corresponding users’ inputs based on packets’ sizes and/or timing analysis. The existing solution such as random padding and packet size rounding were proven to incur prohibitive overhead but were failing to assure sufficient privacy requirement. For preventing such side channel attack is to pad packets such that each packet will no longer map to a unique input. Padding packets results in additional communication and processing overhead. One extreme cases to pad all packets to the identical size, namely, maximizing. In the proposed system a similarity has been identified between the privacy preserving traffic padding (PPTP) issue and well studied problem privacy preserving data publishing (PPDP). Based on such similarities PPTP model encompassing the privacy requirements, padding costs, and padding methods, and then formulate problems under different application scenarios. These algorithms have been designed for solving the PPTP problems in polynomial time with acceptable overhead. Through experiments an attempt had been made to increases the effectiveness and efficiency of these algorithms than the existing solutions using the real world search engine.
A Comparative Study of The Effect of Selectivity of COX-2 Inhibition (Meloxicam & Celecoxib) on Some Cardiovascular RiskMarkers in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis

Background: Prostaglandin G/H Synthases (Cyclooxygenases) are enzymes that catalyze the conversion of arachidonic acid to a series of compounds endingin prostaglandins, endogenous compounds triggering many biological & physiological events in many systems including circulatory & renal systems.The normal balance between Cox-1 derived thromboxane A2 (TXA2) which acts as a platelet activator enhancing thrombosis, & the antithrombotic cardioprotective effects of prostacyclin (PGI2) which is produced through Cox-2 activity. Thus inhibition of Cox-2 derived PGI2 will exaggerate the cardiovascular effects of TXA2. Cyclooxygenase - 2 (Cox-2) inhibitors have different odds on cardiovascular risk factors through selectivity to that enzymethat could play a role in their pharmacological action.Objective: Our study includes a comparison between the effects of the purely cox-2 selective inhibitor (Celecoxib), and the relatively Cox-2 selective inhibitor(Meloxicam) on some cardiovascular risk markers in patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis.Materials &Methods: Thirty –six patients were selected as having rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with age range of 30-60 years (48±9.72), in addition to a group ofnormal subjects (12) were included as a control group Specific biochemical investigations based on measuring highly sensitive kit for serum C – reactiveprotein (hs-CRP), serum creatine kinase( CK), serum aspartate aminotransferase(AST), serum urea, serum creatinine, and serum lipid profile.The patients were treated with celecoxib 400mg/day or with meloxicam 15mg/day for 3 months period.Results: Both drugs were able to reduce (significantly) the highly sensitive Creactive protein and increase serum total cholesterol, Low Density Lipoprotein/High Density Lipoprotein (LDL/HDL) ratio as compared pretreatment values.Both drugs have nearly the same effects on renal function presented by decreasing glomerular filtration rate (GFR) as indicated by elevating serum urea levels.Conclusion: The selectivity of COX2 inhibition is not the major character that could be correlated with cardiovascular events related to their administration.Since, meloxicam could aggravate some cardiovascular risk factors more than celecoxib does, as presented a significant increment in serum CK activity.
Formation in Adaptively Tolerant T Cells Impairment of Immunological Synapse

Adaptive tolerance is a hyporesponsive state in which lymphocyte Ag receptor signaling becomes desensitized after prolonged invivo encounter with Ag. The molecular mechanisms underlying this hyporesponsive state in T cells are not fully understood, although a major signaling block has been shown to be present at the level of ZAP70 phosphorylation of linker for activation of T cells (LAT). In this study, we investigated the ability of adaptively tolerant mouse T cells to form conjugates with Ag-bearing APCs and to translocate signaling molecules into the interface between the T cells and APCs. Compared with naive or preactivated T cells, adaptively tolerant T cells showed no dramatic impairment in their formation of conjugates with APCs. In contrast, there was a large impairment in immunological synapse formation. Adaptively tolerant T cells were defective in their translocation of signaling molecules, such as ZAP70, LAT, and phospholipase C g 1, into the T cell–APC contact sites. Although Ag-induced activation of VAV1 was normal, VAV’s recruitment into the synapse was also impaired. Interestingly, expressions of both IL-2–inducible T cell kinase and growth factor receptor-bound protein 2-related adaptor downstream of SHC were decreased by 60–80% in adaptively tolerant T cells. These decreases, in addition to the impairment in LAT phosphorylation by ZAP70, appear to be the major impediments to the phosphorylation of SLP76 (SRC homology 2 domain-containing leukocyte protein of 76 kDa) and the recruitment of VAV1, which are important for stable immunological synapse formation. The Journal of Immunology , 2011, 187: 805–816. cell clonal anergy was ﬁrst described as an in vitro model of tolerance using both human and mouse T cell clones These studies revealed a hyporesponsive state induced by TCR occupancy in the absence of
GPU-based visualization of knee-form contact area for safety inspections

The United Nations defines a safety regulation based on the possible collision between the driver’s knee and an automobile’s instrument panel. The “knee-form” apparatus used to evaluate compliance with this regulation can be modeled as a Minkowski sum shape of a vertical equilateral triangle and a horizontal cylinder with a radius of 60 mm and a thickness of 120 mm. The knee form contacting condition is geometrically equivalent to that of an equilateral triangle contacting a Minkowski sum shape of the instrument panel and a horizontal cylinder. Based on this concept, we propose a novel algorithm for extracting the knee-form contacting area on the instrument panel. With the parallel computation capability of a Graphics Processing Unit, our system can detect and output the knee-form contacting area in a practical time period.
모바일 결제 서비스의 사용자

This study is about finding factors affecting user experience in China's mobile payment. The recen development of 5G networks and the spread of phones provide the basis for the development of mobile payment, and the development of mobile payment is showing a rapid upward trend. Because of the simplicity and mobility, it is appealing to people, especially young people. Therefore, this study conducted a survey on mobile payment users in 20s and 30s and confirmed the factors affecting the user experience through regression analysis. Unlike previous studies on mobile payment technology, this study focused on user experience and identified factors affecting user experience, so it is expected to be helpful in the development of mobile payment in China.
Transformers For Markdown Article Rewriting

The goal of this project is to be able to summarize and paraphrase full article, which may contain inline links, text in bold, images, etc. Inline markdown can be challenging to pass to transformers. In this paper, I describe how I am to rewrite articles containing rich text including inline markdown properly. More specifically, this paper delves into fine-tuning transformer models pretrained on summarization or paraphrasing by forcing them to learn markdown syntax, and encoding rich text tags to reduce the amount of training data necessary. I then introduce a novel method based on ROUGE and cosine similarity of words inside markdown tags to evaluate the quality of an NLP model at producing proper rich text
Development of a compositional model fully coupled with geomechanics and its application to tight oil reservoir simulation

Tight oil reservoirs have received great attention in recent years as unconventional and promising petroleum resources; they are reshaping the U.S. crude oil market due to their substantial production. However, fluid flow behaviors in tight oil reservoirs are not well studied or understood due to the complexities in the physics involved. Specific characteristics of tight oil reservoirs, such as nano-pore scale and strong stress-dependency result in complex porous medium fluid flow behaviors. Recent field observations and laboratory experiments indicate that large effects of pore confinement and rock compaction have non-negligible impacts on the production performance of tight oil reservoirs. On the other hand, there are approximations or limitations for modeling tight oil reservoirs under the effects of pore confinement and rock compaction with current reservoir simulation techniques. Thus this dissertation aims to develop a compositional model coupled with geomechanics with capabilities to model and understand the complex fluid flow behaviors of multiphase, multi-component fluids in tight oil reservoirs. MSFLOW COM (Multiphase Subsurface FLOW COMpositional model) has been developed with the capability to model the effects of pore confinement and rock compaction for multiphase fluid flow in tight oil reservoirs. The pore confinement effect is represented by the effect of capillary pressure on vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE), and modeled with the VLE calculation method in MSFLOW COM. The fully coupled geomechanical model is developed from the linear elastic theory for a poro-elastic system and formulated in terms of the mean stress. Rock compaction is then described using stress-dependent rock properties, especially stress-dependent permeability. Thus MSFLOW COM has the capabilities to model the complex fluid flow behaviors of tight oil reservoirs, fully coupled with geomechanics. In addition, MSFLOW COM is validated against laboratory experimental data, analytical solutions and results of a commercial simulator before conducting numerical studies.
B + via Sustained PKB Induction in IgM TLR9-Activating DNA Up-Regulates ZAP70

In the past, ZAP70 was considered a T cell-speciﬁc kinase, and its aberrant expression in B-CLL cells was interpreted as a sign of malignant transformation and dedifferentiation. It was only recently that ZAP70 was detected in normal human B cells. In this study, we show that TLR9-activated B cells resemble B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells with regard to CD5, CD23, CD25, and heat shock protein 90 expression. Furthermore, stimulatory CpG and GpC DNA oligonucleotides target CD27 (cid:1) IgM (cid:1) and CD27 (cid:2) IgM (cid:1) B cells (but not IgM (cid:2) B cells) and enhance ZAP70 expression predominantly in the IgM (cid:1) CD27 (cid:1) B cell subset. ZAP70 is induced via activation of TLR-7 or -9 in a MyD88-dependent manner, depends on protein kinase B (PKB)/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling and is rapamycin sensitive. Furthermore, ZAP70 expression levels correlate with induction of cyclin A2, prolonged B cell proliferation, and sustained induction of PKB. These events are not observed upon CD40 ligation. However, this deﬁcit can be overcome by the expression of constitutively active PKB, given that CD40 ligation of PKB-transgenic B cells induces B cell proliferation and ZAP70 expression. These results highlight a major difference between CD40- and TLR-7/9-mediated B cell activation and suggest that ZAP70 expression levels in B cells give an estimate of the proliferative potential and the associated PKB availability. The Journal of Immunology, 2008, 181: 8267–8277.
Policy Reorganization Method for Performance Improvements in SELinux using Loadable Module Policy

SELinux is used for system level security in various systems using Linux, and is now being used for device security such as IoT. However, since SELinux has inherent problems of execution time degradation, various studies have been conducted to solve this problem. In this paper, we show that performance can be improved through policy reconfiguration in the environment where the loadable module policy method, which is a general method using SELinux, is applied. By reconfiguring the access query table through the Priority-TE policy that gives priority to the type, it is possible to provide faster execution time for types requiring faster access query performance. This paper introduces the differences between SELinux policy configuration method in Monolithic environment and performance analysis. This can be used as a reference by security administrators or developers in applying SELinux
Electroencephalographic responses of calves to the noxious sensory input of slaughter by ventral neck incision and its modulation with non-penetrative captive bolt stunning.

I ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . III TABLE OF CONTENTS . V LIST OF FIGURES . IX LIST OF TABLES . XV ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS.XVII CHAPTER 1 SLAUGHTER WITHOUT STUNNING.1 1.
A Method for Dehazing Based on CycleGAN

With the development of artificial intelligence, computer vision has been widely applicated. The performance of these applications is closely related to the image quality, which is, however, affected by various lighting and weather conditions, such as rain and haze. The traditional methods focus on the dehazing problems under specific and idealize conditions, leading to the consequence that these methods can only be used in certain scenario on account of that indexes or hyperparameters need to be adapted according to the scene. This paper proposed an unsupervised learning algorithm for dehazing. We used the CycleGAN architecture to avoid difficulties when obtaining hazy and clear images in pairs. Besides, the identity loss was introduced for improving stability of the training procedure, and we used the reuse loss for sake of the steadiness of output hue. The experiments on public datasets such as RESIDE and I-HAZE show the effectiveness of the proposed method, which achieves comparable results to the state-of-the-art algorithms.
Model to Relationship the Speed of Hand Movements with the SEMG Signals from the Forearm

Various previous works have sought to achieve hand prostheses with natural movements. It has been employed tools to recognize patterns of surface electromyographic signals associated with each move. Although many successful studies classify some types of hand movements with high performance, the results show that the speed and strength must be analyzed so that the resulting moves are like those of a natural hand. This study evaluates 23 healthy subjects at two different speeds and six types of movements (pronation, supination, ulnar deviation, radial deviation, flexion, and extension -276 records of SEMG and Velocity). The objective was to obtain a model (transfer function) that would allow the relation of the velocity profiles with the tone of the forearm SEMG signals. The results show models with an average RMSE of 18.55% for slow movements using low-order systems (2). The parameters of the models between subjects are very different, with high coefficients of variation and standard deviations, which implies that the fitting must be for each subject.