Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Topological Properties of Rauzy Fractals

Substitutions are combinatorial objects (one replaces a letter by a word) which produce sequences by iteration. They occur in many mathematical fields, roughly as soon as a repetitive process appears. In the present monograph we deal with topological and geometric properties of substitutions, in particular, we study properties of the Rauzy fractals associated to substitutions. To be more precise, let be a substitution over the finite alphabet A. We assume that the incidence matrix of is primitive and that its dominant eigenvalue is a unit Pisot number (i.e., an algebraic integer greater than one whose norm is equal to one and all of whose Galois conjugates are of modulus strictly smaller than one). It is well-known that one can attach to a set which is called central tile or Rauzy fractal of . Such a central tile is a compact set that is the closure of its interior and decomposes in a natural way in n=|A| subtiles (1),,(n). The central tile as well as its subtiles are graph directed self-affine sets that often have fractal boundary. Pisot substitutions and central tiles are of high relevance in several branches of mathematics like tiling theory, spectral theory, Diophantine approximation, the construction of discrete planes and quasicrystals as well as in connection with numeration like generalized continued fractions and radix representations. The questions coming up in all these domains can often be reformulated in terms of questions related to the topology and the geometry of the underlying central tile. After a thorough survey of important properties of unit Pisot substitutions and their associated Rauzy fractals the present monograph is devoted to the investigation of a variety of topological properties of and its subtiles. Our approach is an algorithmic one. In particular, we dwell upon the question whether and its subtiles induce a tiling, calculate the Hausdorff dimension of their boundary, give criteria for their connectivity and homeomorphy to a closed disk and derive properties of their fundamental group. The basic tools for our criteria are several classes of graphs built from the description of the tiles (i) (1in) as the solution of a graph directed iterated function system and from the structure of the tilings induced by these tiles. These graphs are of interest in their own right. For instance, they can be used to construct the boundaries as well as (i) (1in) and all points where two, three or four different tiles of the induced tilings meet. When working with central tiles in one of the above mentioned contexts it is often useful to know such intersection properties of tiles. In this sense the present monograph also aims at providing tools for ``everyday's life'' when dealing with topological and geometric properties of substitutions. Many examples are given throughout the text in order to illustrate our results. Moreover, we give perspectives for further directions of research related to the topics discussed in this monograph.
Quality assessment of ciprofloxacin tablets - an antimicrobial drug marketed in Bangladesh

Ciprofloxacin is a syntheticfluroquinolone derivative. It is prescribed as a potent antibiotic to treat bacterial infections. An attempt was made to assess the quality of six brands of ciprofloxacin tablets marketed in Bangladesh. Various physicochemical tests, viz., weight variation, hardness, friability, disintegration, dissolution and assay for the content of the active ingredient, were performed in accordance with the methods described in the United States Pharmacopoeia 38 (USP 38). UV-Vis spectrophotometric technique was used for dissolution test while High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used to estimate the potency. All the samples passed the physical tests carried out except one sample (code 004), which failed the friability test.Dissolution profile of each brand was satisfactory. All the brands of examined for the content of the active ingredient complied with the limit stipulated in USP 38 for ciprofloxacin except two brands (003 and 004) which showed slightly higher potency of the drug. Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 10(1 & 2): 9-17, 2021 (June & December)
Proposed Strategy for Family Business Internal Management Professionalization Effort (Case Study: CV. Segara Luas Lestari)

The family business is the most commonly ownership business model in the world and contribute significantly to the global economy with estimation more than 70% of GDP. However, this type of business is vulnerable in terms of longevity and sustainability. It is reported that only about 30% of family businesses are succeeded by 2nd generation, and 10% to the 3rd generation caused by succession transfer, family members’ personal issues, and internal conflicts that triggered unprofessionalism in the family business. This research aims to find a suitable strategy to shift management system of CV. SEGARA LUAS LESTARI, as a family business towards more professional management system. This is qualitative research that utilized unstructured-discrete interview and participant observation as well as literature studies. The data will be analyzed using PESTEL Analysis for external aspects, and 7s McKinsey Framework to acquire understanding in the company’s internal aspects that could inhibit the shifting of professionalization company’s management.
Size estimation of biopolymeric beads produced by electrospray method using artificial neural network

Abstract In the present study, an artificial neural network (ANN) was used to determine the size of alginate/chitosan polymeric particles prepared with different operating conditions via ionotropic gelation process by the electrospray method. For evaluation of particle size, effective operational parameters such as polymer concentration, nozzle diameter, flow rate and voltage were investigated and used for training, testing, and validation parts of the neural network. In this design model, a multilayer perceptron (MLP) is used and the optimal number of hidden layers for this network was 2. The number of optimal neurons in the input layer, the first hidden layer and the second hidden layer also, were 4, 16 and 9, respectively. The results show the high accuracy of the proposed model compared to the experimental data in the biocomposite formation process. The sensitivity analysis confirm that all the considered input parameters, directly affect the biopolymeric beads size. The values of mean squared error (MSE), mean relative error (MRE) and mean absolute error (MAE) for the suggested model, were 0.00206, 1.53986, and 0.01772, respectively.
Removal of humic acid from aqueous solution by a carbon nanotubes/reduced graphene oxide composite hydrogel

In this study, three-dimensional (3D) porous network carbon nanotubes/reduced graphene oxide composite hydrogels (CNT-rGH) were synthesized through a facile hydrothermal method for the removal of macromolecular humic acid (HA). Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analyses indicated that incorporation of carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (COOH-MWCNT) renders the hydrogels with increased surface area, larger mean pore diameter, and higher intensity of mesoporous and macroporous structure. Such improvement was shown to facilitate adsorption site exposure on hydrogels, which enhanced the HA adsorption capacity. Incorporation of 50% proportion of COOH-MWCNT in the CNT-rGH (CNT50-rGH) exhibits optimal adsorption performance for HA. In addition, the initial aqueous pH value and the ionic strength were systematically studied to evaluate their impacts on HA adsorption by the CNT50-rGH. Adsorption kinetics data show that HA adsorption onto CNT50-rGH is in agreement well with pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating the principle and mechanism of chemisorption. The Langmuir model is the most relative adsorption isotherm to depict the HA adsorption, and the maximum HA adsorption capacity of the CNT50-rGH is determined at 270.27 mg/g. Through the XDLVO theory and controlled experiments reveals that hydrogen bonding interaction is the main adsorption mechanism of CNT50-rGH for HA adsorption.
Identification of Blood-sucking Flies of Bats in Lombok Island, Indonesia

Bats and blood-sucking bat flies have an important role in transmitting several hemoparasites. Bat flies have been identified as vectors transmitting hemoparasites from wild bats. The purpose of the present study was to identify bats and their blood-sucking flies as vectors of hemoparasites in bat caves located at Lombok Island, Indonesia. In the course of the study, a survey was conducted on three bat caves from September to December 2018. The bats were captured by a net trap and the species of bats and bat flies were identified. A total of 66 captured bats were identified as Hipposideros species (n = 28), Eonycteris spelaea (n = 23), and Taphozouss species (n = 15). The blood-sucking flies were identified as Eucampsipoda sundaica on Eonycteris spelaea, and Stylidia cf. euxesta, Brachytarsina species, Raymondia species, and Megastrebla nigriceps on Hipposideros species. The results showed that five species of blood-sucking flies were present in captured bats. The bat and blood-sucking flies can influence the transmission of Polychromophilus species, Babesia species, Plasmodium species, and Trypanosoma species to humans and other hosts.
Blockholder Heterogeneity and Audit Fees: Does Private Information Matter?

ABSTRACT We analyze the impact of Small Blockholders’ (SBH – with 5% to 10% of voting rights) heterogeneity and their access to private information on the demand for audit services. By promoting enhanced audit services, we expect SBH to have a moderating effect on the relation between Large Blockholders (LBH – more than 10% of voting rights) and audit fees in a context of low shareholder protection. Drawn on Swiss public firm data over the 2002–2019 period, our results show that the presence of SBH flattens the concave relation between ownership concentration and audit fees found in prior studies. This moderating effect is mainly driven by the uninformed SBH, who given their lower – compared with informed SBH – access to private channels of information, are more likely to rely on audited public financial statements. Our findings contribute to the literature on the role of SBH in the company’s corporate governance.
4-port digital isolator based on on-chip transformer

The design and fabrication results of a 4-port digital isolator based on an on-chip transformer for galvanic isolation are presented. An ON–OFF keying modulation scheme is used to transmit the digital signal. The proposed digital isolator is fabricated by the 0.18 μm CMOS process. A test chip can achieve a 1 MHz signal bandwidth, a 40 ns propagation delay, a 35.5 mW input power and a 50 mA drive output current. The proposed digital isolator is pin-compatible, of small volume and low power replacement for the common 4-port optocoupler.
A method for analyzing the revolute joint wear of planar multibody systems and its application in unbalance loading working condition

This paper develops an efficient method to describe the evolution of the revolute joint wear during the process of the mechanism movement. In the framework of multibody systems formulation, the prediction method of the revolute joint wear in different motion time interval is established by considering the wear ranges between the pin and the bushing on the basis of the Archard’s wear model. Then a typical non-planar mechanism with unbalancing loads acting on single non-ideal revolute joint is used to illustrate the application of the method. Moreover, the corresponding experimental mechanism is tested to validate the predicting results of the proposed method. The analysis shows that the method proposed is of high efficiency and can guarantee enough predicting accuracy when the predicted wear depth is not big. Therefore, the method is practical to a certain degree in engineering.
Analytical modeling and interpretation of ultrasound-assisted adsorption mechanism of fuchsine dye on MgZnFeO nanocomposites

Abstract An efficient co-precipitation followed by ultrasonication process is used for the synthesis of trimetallic MgZnFeO nanocomposites (MZFONCs) and further characterized by FE-SEM, FT-IR, XRD, EDX, etc. spectroscopic techniques. The adsorption process is applied for the removal of toxic cationic Basic Fuchsine (BF) dye using batch experiments. To enhance removal efficiency, the effect of deviation in parameters including shaking time; adsorbent dose; pH; etc. are studied. Q max obtained by Langmuir is found to be 250 mg/g for BF on the MZFONCs surface, at pH = 6.5; 40 min of agitation time, and a small dose of nanoparticles. The best match for the adsorption of BF on MZFONCs is a double-layer method which also describes the adsorption mechanism. The ‘n’ parameter value (0.507–0.628) is obtained from the statistical physics model, which shows mixed-orientation type adsorption of BF molecules on MZFONCs adsorbents. The calculated energies for BF dye adsorption are found to be less than 30 KJ/mol, hence implying an endothermic and physical adsorption mechanism. Graphical Abstract
The Creation of a Technology Integration Checklist: Design and Implications

ABSTRACT Integrating technology can be an overwhelming task for those unfamiliar with parameters set by educational institutions or organizations. A multitude of tools are available on the market today with associated hardware and software requirements, as well as price point options. Deciding which tool meets the needs of all stakeholders can be a challenging and confusing task. To meet these needs, the authors conducted a rapid literature review using content analysis to create a technology integration checklist. The checklist addresses the needs of stakeholders and the learning environment. A content analysis based literature review provides support for the checklist design. A detailed description of how to implement the checklist and potential implications across disciplines are included. Finally, future steps are identified in regard to revising and disseminating the checklist. Implications for policy and practice: Encourages considerations of pedagogical philosophies when making decisions about integrating a specific technological tool Assists in selecting technology that can be supported throughout the organization to produce the best learning experiences for the intended audience Has universal applications across environments and populations and can be used in any organization that pursues an educational or training purpose
DDoS attacks in cloud environment

Network communication is gaining day by day in different ways. Cloud is one of the most recent and latest environments in communication. Whereas this environment is a facilitator for the user to access his/her information from anywhere as and when required. But this technological enhancement is also opening the door for new attacks. In this paper, we have conducted an extensive study on the Distributed Denial of Service Attack (DDoS) as well as the techniques which are used up till now for detection as well as prevention of those attacks. We also have thoroughly presented the details of some very frequent techniques and in the end, we have also discussed some research gaps. This study will facilitate the new research in this era to find out the research problems and provide the optimal solutions for those problems.
Complementary foods: A review on types, techniques and nutritional content

During infancy, adequate nutrition is essential for healthy growth and development of infants. Breastfeeding provides the ideal food during the first 6 months of life. Complementary feeding starts when breast milk is no longer sufficient by itself, where the target age is for 6–23 months. The gap between nutritional requirement and amount obtained from breast milk increases with age. Nutritional deficits during this critical period increase the risk of illness and long-term developmental impairment. Complementary foods therefore must provide relatively large proportions of micronutrients such as iron, zinc, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, and vitamin B6. In several parts of the developing world, complementary feeding continues as a challenge to good nutrition in children. The gaps are mostly attributed to either poor dietary quality or poor feeding practices, if not both. Commercial fortified foods are often beyond the reach of the poor. Thus, homemade complementary foods remain commonly used. Even when based on an improved recipe, however, unfortified plant-based complementary foods provide insufficient key micronutrients (especially, iron, zinc, and calcium) during the age of 6–23 months. This review aims to provide an overview on the available research on CFs and its health outcomes. Studies on the fortified cereals reported improvement of iron status and possibly growth. Further large scale, multicenter trials are needed to support the current findings and to investigate the long-term benefits of these recommended CFs.
Sensing Coverage-Based Cooperative Spectrum Detection in Cognitive Radio Networks

With the advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT), conventional principles of spectrum allocation cannot mitigate spectrum depletion so that a cognitive radio technology is proposed as a solution. The hidden primary user (PU) problem, however, is a critical issue in cognitive radio networks, because spectrum sensing nodes (SNs) can misclassify spectrum occupancy. To cope with this, machine learning-based cooperative spectrum sensing schemes (CSSs) have been proposed. The CSSs without considering the node placement, however, are still faced with the hidden PU problem. In this paper, we present how to place SNs to guarantee the performance of machine learning-based CSSs. We verify that the hidden PU problem makes the overlap of data distribution, which deteriorates the spectrum sensing ability. Based on the Kullback–Leibler divergence, analytical expressions for the spectrum sensing coverage of a single SN are derived. Then, we propose a strategy on how to place a few SNs to cover the whole area of the PU and prove the feasibility of our proposal by the experiment results.
Bypass fat as a feed supplement in ruminants: A review

Supplements are the integral part of ruminant ration in the present era. Farmers used to supplement their animals as per specific requirements. Bypasss fat is such a supplement which has been used extensively in dairy animals as a source of high energy density. Bypass fat has been found to be very crucial in the diets of high producing animals. The requirement of high producing animals if 4-6% of fat in ration, which should be met through natural feed, oil seed and bypass fat in equal proportions. Supplementation of bypass fat leads to improvement in milk production, milk composition, body parameters and reproductive efficiency of dairy animals. Bypass fat supplementation is proved to be beneficial for farmers in terms of economics as it is found of increasing net income. Use of bypass fat is age old practice but it is still researched and improved by the workers to make it more profitable and accessible to farmers.
Characterization of a uniform domain by the boundary Harnack principle

Ever since the pioneering works of Carleson [8] and Hunt-Wheeden [10, 11] for Lipschitz domains, a large number of works have been devoted to the study of potential theory for nonsmooth domains, such as Lipschitz domains, NTA domains, uniform domains, John domains and Holder domains, Among them, the boundary Harnack principle and the identification of the Martin boundary played a central role. See Ancona [5], Dahlberg [9] and Wu [13] for Lipschitz domains, Jerison-Kenig [12] for NTA domains, Bass-Burdzy [7] for Holder domains, HA [1] for uniform domains, Balogh-Volberg [6] and ALM [4] for uniformly John domains. See [2] for a survey. These studies are motivated by the desire to generalize the geometric conditions imposed on a domain to guarantee potential theoretic properties, such as the boundary Harnack principle. This talk is oriented in the opposite direction. Namely, we shall give some potential theoretic properties which yield geometric properties of the domain. Our conditions will be necessary and sufficient, provided the domain satisfies the capacity density condition for the complement. We shall introduce several non-smooth domains such as uniform domains, John domains, uniformly John domains, inner uniform domains and so on. Under the capacity condition, we shall characterize these domains by a certain estimate of harmonic measure and the boundary Harnack principle. The ingredient of this talk is published in [3].
Comparative growth performance of four multipurpose tree species (MPTs) in different containers under nursery condition

: Seedling growth of four multipurpose tree species (MPTs) were evaluated in four different types of container up to six months in nursery condition at Department of Agroforestry and Environment, Bangabandhu Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, Bangladesh. The MPTs were Gliricidia sepium, Delonix regia, Terminalia arjuna and Swietenia mahagoni and containers were gunny bag, poly bag, earthen pot and bare rooted. The first two species were leguminous and the rest two were non-leguminous. Seedling height (cm), collar diameter (mm), leaf number and fresh and dry weight (gm) of root, stem and leaf was measured to compare the growth performance of the tree species. Leguminous species showed better growth performance than the non-legume species. G. sepium performed better than the other three species in terms of plant height, collar diameter, and biomass production. Statistically significant and maximum leaf number was recorded in T. arjuna followed by G. sepium , D. regia and S. mahagoni . Gunny bag produced maximum biomass in all the studied tree species.
Treatment Utilization 1 Running Head: TREATMENT UTILIZATION BY PROBLEM GAMBLERS Treatment Utilization by Problem Gamblers in Northwestern Ontario

The Catalyst database, which is operated through the Ontario Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, was used to explore factors that may be related to treatment noncompliance and the number of admissions in the population of clients receiving addiction treatment in Thunder Bay between 2003 and mid-2006. The distinction between Primary and Secondary Gamblers identified by Nguyen (2007) was explored to determine whether this distinction is useful in predicting if the two groups differ in treatment noncompliance and the number of admissions. A total of 2,743 clients were examined. Comparisons were made between those who presented for treatment of gambling as their primary problem (N = 138), those who presented for a substance addiction (N = 280) with gambling as a secondary problem, and those who had only a substance addiction (N = 2,178). Non-compliant individuals are more likely to be gambling clients, younger, female, have a higher education level, better income source, better employment, and no legal problems. An individual with more admissions to treatment is more likely to be a Secondary Gambler or Substance Problem Only client, older, have a poorer source of employment and have legal problems. The distinction between primary and secondary gamblers was not found to be useful for predicting treatment non-compliance but did predict the number of admissions. It appears that these two outcome variables are measuring different aspects of treatment utilization and that it is important to consider each separately, as they both provide useful program planning information. Treatment Utilization 3 Table of