Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acute kidney injury in hospitalized adults with chronic kidney disease: comparing cROCK, KDIGO, and combined criteria

Background Acute-on-chronic kidney disease (ACKD) increases the risk of progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aimed to evaluate the ability of a novel criteria of reference change value of the serum creatinine optimized criteria for acute kidney injury in CKD (cROCK) to detect ACKD patients. Methods This was a retrospective observational study with a 3-year follow-up. All included patients with CKD stage 3 were evaluated using cROCK, Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO), and their combined criteria. The renal composite endpoints, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), and all-cause mortality were recorded as clinical outcomes. Results A total of 812 patients was enrolled. The cROCK criteria detected more ACKD events than did the KDIGO (68.0% vs. 59.5%, p < 0.001). Compared to KDIGO (−) & cROCK (−) group, ACKD patients diagnosed by cROCK had significantly higher hazard ratio [HR] for renal composite endpoints (HR, 3.591; p < 0.001), MACEs (HR, 1.748; p < 0.001), and all-cause mortality (HR, 2.985; p < 0.001). The patients in KDIGO (+) & cROCK (+) group had the lowest survival probability when considering renal composite endpoints, MACEs, and all-cause mortality (all p < 0.001). Furthermore, cROCK resulted in the largest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for predicting renal composite endpoints, and the combined criteria led to the largest AUC for predicting MACEs and all-cause mortality. Conclusion Compared to the KDIGO, the cROCK detected more ACKD events. Combining both cROCK and KDIGO criteria might improve the predictive ability for long-term outcomes in ACKD patients.
Phenotypes, Etiotypes, and Endotypes of Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major health problem with high prevalence, rising incidence, and substantial morbidity and mortality. Its course is punctuated by acute episodes of increased respiratory symptoms, termed exacerbations of COPD (ECOPD). ECOPD are important events in the natural history of the disease as they are associated with lung function decline and prolonged negative effects on quality of life. The present-day therapy of ECOPD with short courses of antibiotics, steroids, and escalation of bronchodilators has resulted in only modest improvements in outcomes. Recent data indicate that ECOPD are heterogeneous, raising the need to identify distinct etio-endo-phenotypes, incorporating traits of the acute event and of patients who experience recurrent events, to develop novel and targeted therapies. These characterizations can provide a complete clinical picture, the severity of which will dictate acute pharmacological treatment, and may also indicate whether a change in maintenance therapy is needed to reduce the risk of future exacerbations. This review discusses the latest knowledge of ECOPD types based on clinical presentation, etiology, natural history, frequency, severity, and biomarkers in an attempt to characterize these events.
Inocybe (Agaricales, Inocybaceae) Collected in the Islands of Iturup and Kunashir

This paper considers four species of Inocybe occurring in Iturup or Kunashir as new records: (1) Inocybe maculipes (Section Tardae) has smooth basidiospores and caulocystidia at stipe apex; (2) Inocybe splendens var. splendens (Section Splendentes) has smooth spores and caulocystidia throughout; (3) Inocybe taxocystis (Section Inocybe) has nodulose spores and caulocystidia at stipe apex; and (4) Inocybe intricata var. pallidistipata (Section Marginatae) has nodulose spores and caulocystidia throughout.
New perspectives on old stones : analytical approaches to Paleolithic technologies

Analytical Approaches to Palaeolithic Technologies: An Introduction. - A Geometric Morphometric Assessment of Plan Shape in Bone and Stone Acheulean Bifaces from the Middle Pleistocene Site of Castel di Guido, Latium, Italy. - Regional Diversity Within the Core Technology of the Howiesons Poort Techno-Complex. - Questioning the Link Between Stone Tool Standardization and Behavioral Modernity. - The Quantitative Analysis of Mobility: Ecological Techniques and Archaeological Extensions. - Metrical Variability Between South Asian Handaxe Assemblages: Preliminary Observations. - Quantifying Variation in Landscape-Scale Behaviors: The Oldowan from Koobi Fora. - The Mathematics of Chaines Operatoires. - Cultural Transmission, Genetic Models and Palaeolithic Variability: Integrative Analytical Approaches. - Comparing Stone Tool Resharpening Trajectories with the Aid of Elliptical Fourier Analysis. - An Assessment of the Impact of Resharpening on Paleoindian Projectile Point Blade Shape Using Geometric Morphometric Techniques. - Stone-Tool Demography: Reduction Distributions in North American Paleoindian Tools. - The Future of Lithic Analysis in Palaeolithic Archaeology: A View from the Old World. - The Future of Paleolithic Studies: A View from the New World.
What is the Real Need for Scene Text Removal? Exploring the Background Integrity and Erasure Exhaustivity Properties

As a crucial application in privacy protection, scene text removal (STR) has received amounts of attention in recent years. However, existing approaches coarsely erasing texts from images ignore two important properties: the background texture integrity (BI) and the text erasure exhaustivity (EE). These two properties directly determine the erasure performance, and how to maintain them in a single network is the core problem for STR task. In this paper, we attribute the lack of BI and EE properties to the implicit erasure guidance and imbalanced multi-stage erasure respectively. To improve these two properties, we propose a new ProgrEssively Region-based scene Text eraser (PERT). There are three key contributions in our study. First, a novel explicit erasure guidance is proposed to enhance the BI property. Different from implicit erasure guidance modifying all the pixels in the entire image, our explicit one accurately performs stroke-level modification with only bounding-box level annotations. Second, a new balanced multi-stage erasure is constructed to improve the EE property. By balancing the learning difficulty and network structure among progressive stages, each stage takes an equal step towards the text-erased image to ensure the erasure exhaustivity. Third, we propose two new evaluation metrics called BI-metric and EE-metric, which make up the shortcomings of current evaluation tools in analyzing BI and EE properties. Compared with previous methods, PERT outperforms them by a large margin in both BI-metric ( $\uparrow 6.13$ %) and EE-metric ( $\uparrow 1.9$ %), obtaining SOTA results with high speed (71 FPS) and at least 25% lower parameter complexity. Code will be available at https://github.com/wangyuxin87/PERT.
The State Urge to be Physically Active‐Questionnaire (SUPA‐Q): Development and validation of a state measure of activity urges in patients with eating disorders

Many people, including patients with eating disorders (EDs), experience an increased urge for physical activity. “Trait”‐like activity in patients with EDs is assessed by existing questionnaires, but there are few clinically validated assessments of a “state” urge to be physically active. Here, we developed and validated the State Urge to be Physically Active‐Questionnaire (SUPA‐Q).
Genes That Extend Lifespan May Do So by Mitigating the Increased Risk of Death Posed by Having Hypertension

Abstract BACKGROUND Genetic factors influence lifespan. In humans, there appears to be a particularly strong genetic effect in those aged ≥ 90 years. An important contribution is nutrient sensing genes which confer cell resilience. METHODS Our research has been investigating the genetic factors by longitudinal studies of American men of Japanese descent living on the island of Oahu in Hawaii. This cohort began as the Honolulu Heart Program in the mid-1960s and most subjects are now deceased. RESULTS We previously discovered various genes containing polymorphisms associated with longevity. In recent investigations of the mechanism involved we found that the longevity genotypes ameliorated the risk of mortality posed by having a cardiometabolic disease (CMD)—most prominently hypertension. For the gene FOXO3 the protective alleles mitigated the risk of hypertension, coronary heart disease (CHD) and diabetes. For the kinase MAP3K5 it was hypertension, CHD and diabetes, for the kinase receptor PIK3R1 hypertension, CHD and stroke, and for the growth hormone receptor gene (GHR) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 gene (FLT1), it was nullifying the higher mortality risk posed by hypertension. Subjects with a CMD who had a longevity genotype had similar survival as men without CMD. No variant protected against risk of death from cancer. We have postulated that the longevity-associated genotypes reduced mortality risk by effects on intracellular resilience mechanisms. In a proteomics study, 43 “stress” proteins and associated biological pathways were found to influence the association of FOXO3 genotype with reduced mortality. CONCLUSIONS Our landmark findings indicate how heritable genetic components affect longevity.
Quantifying stochastic establishment of mutants in microbial adaptation

Studies of microbial evolution, especially in applied contexts, have focused on the role of selection in shaping predictable, adaptive responses to the environment. However, chance events – the appearance of novel genetic variants and their establishment, i.e. outgrowth from a single cell to a sizeable population – also play critical initiating roles in adaptation. Stochasticity in establishment has received little attention in microbiology, potentially due to lack of awareness as well as practical challenges in quantification. However, methods for high-replicate culturing, mutant labelling and detection, and statistical inference now make it feasible to experimentally quantify the establishment probability of specific adaptive genotypes. I review methods that have emerged over the past decade, including experimental design and mathematical formulas to estimate establishment probability from data. Quantifying establishment in further biological settings and comparing empirical estimates to theoretical predictions represent exciting future directions. More broadly, recognition that adaptive genotypes may be stochastically lost while rare is significant both for interpreting common lab assays and for designing interventions to promote or inhibit microbial evolution.
Trends on Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Associated With Acute Brain Injury in Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

We aimed to determine the association between cerebral regional oxygen saturation (rSO2) trends from cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy (cNIRS) and acute brain injury (ABI) in adult venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) patients. ABI was defined as intracranial hemorrhage, ischemic stroke, hypoxic ischemic brain injury, or brain death during ECMO. rSO2 values were collected from left and right cerebral oximetry sensors every hour from ECMO cannulation. Cerebral desaturation was defined as consecutive hours of rSO2 < 40%. rSO2 asymmetry was determined by (a) averaging left/right rSO2 difference over the entire ECMO run; (b) consecutive hours of rSO2 asymmetry. Sixty-nine VA-ECMO patients (mean age 56 years, 65% male) underwent cNIRS. Eighteen (26%) experienced ABI. When the mean rSO2 asymmetry was >8% there was significantly increased odds of ABI (aOR = 39.4; 95% CI = 4.1–381.4). Concurrent rSO2 < 40% and rSO2 asymmetry >10% for >10 consecutive hours (asymmetric desaturation) was also significantly associated with ABI (aOR = 5.2; 95% CI = 1.2–22.2), but neither criterion alone were. Mean rSO2 asymmetry>8% exhibited 39% sensitivity and 98% specificity for detecting ABI, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.86, and asymmetric desaturation had 33% sensitivity and 88% specificity, with an AUC of 0.72. These trends on NIRS monitoring may help detect ABI in VA-ECMO patients.
Deaths associated with electric shock injuries in children and adults: A 10‐year retrospective examination in Şanlıurfa, Southeast Turkey (2012–2022)

Electric shock injuries (EIs) have high rates of morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. The aim of this study was to examine autopsy cases resulting from EIs and to compare pediatric and adult groups with respect to sociodemographic data, clinical characteristics, location of the incident, electricity entry–exit wound characteristics, current direction, pathological effects of the electric shocks on the body, and cause of death. A total of 8075 autopsies conducted between 2012 and 2022 were retrospectively examined. Şanliurfa is a city in the southeast of Turkey with the highest birth rate in the country. Of 123 cases of death resulting from EIs in Şanliurfa, 58 (47.2%) were children (age < 18 years). In the majority of children (81%), a low‐voltage injury resulted from a domestic appliance while the children were playing at home in a rural area. In the vast majority of adults, a high‐voltage injury (HVI) resulted from a workplace accident due to working with HVI materials in an area outside the home. The manner of death was accidental in all the electric shock injuries. The electricity entry and exit wounds formed as a result of EIs had similar characteristics in both children and adults, with no significant difference identified. In the province of Şanliurfa, Turkey, which borders Syria and where the main occupation is agricultural activities, there is a need to increase electrical safety precautions within the home, educate parents, and increase electrical safety conditions and worker education in the workplace.
AI-Enabled Software and System Architecture Frameworks: Focusing on smart Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS)

Several architecture frameworks for software, systems, and enterprises have been proposed in the literature. They identified various stakeholders and defined architecture viewpoints and views to frame and address stakeholder concerns. However, the stakeholders with data science and Machine Learning (ML) related concerns, such as data scientists and data engineers, are yet to be included in existing architecture frameworks. Therefore, they failed to address the architecture viewpoints and views responsive to the concerns of the data science community. In this paper, we address this gap by establishing the architecture frameworks adapted to meet the requirements of modern applications and organizations where ML artifacts are both prevalent and crucial. In particular, we focus on ML-enabled Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) and propose two sets of merit criteria for their efficient development and performance assessment, namely the criteria for evaluating and benchmarking ML-enabled CPSs, and the criteria for evaluation and benchmarking of the tools intended to support users through the modeling and development pipeline. In this study, we deploy multiple empirical and qualitative research methods based on literature review and survey instruments including expert interviews and an online questionnaire. We collect, analyze, and integrate the opinions of 77 experts from more than 25 organizations in over 10 countries to devise and validate the proposed framework.
Complex Network Effects on the Robustness of Graph Convolutional Networks

Vertex classification using graph convolutional networks is susceptible to targeted poisoning attacks, in which both graph structure and node attributes can be changed in an attempt to misclassify a target node. This vulnerability decreases users' confidence in the learning method and can prevent adoption in high-stakes contexts. Defenses have been proposed, focused on filtering edges before creating the model or aggregating information from neighbors more robustly. This paper considers an alternative: we investigate the ability to exploit network phenomena in the training data selection process to improve classifier robustness. We propose two alternative methods of selecting training data: (1) to select the highest-degree nodes and (2) to select nodes with many connections to the test data. In four real datasets, we show that changing the training set often results in far more perturbations required for a successful attack on the graph structure; often a factor of 2 over the random training baseline. We also run a simulation study in which we demonstrate conditions under which the proposed methods outperform random selection, finding that they improve performance most when homophily is higher, clustering coefficient is higher, node degrees are more homogeneous, and attributes are less informative. In addition, we show that the methods are effective when applied to adaptive attacks, alleviating concerns about generalizability.
Conservation Status of Astragalus gilgitensis ALI (Fabaceae) : a Critically Endangered Species in the Gilgit District, Pakistan

Astragalus gilgitensis ALI (Fabaceae, Papilionaceae) is distributed in Afghanistan (Kail, Laghman district) and Pakistan (Nomal, Naltar and Chalt, Gilgit district). Originally, it was reported from the Gilgit district. In Pakistan, a current five-year re-assessment reveals that this species has now become restricted to Naltar only. Ten field surveys were conducted from 2003 to 2007 in order to study its distribution, population size, the severity of threats like erosion and anthropogenic impacts i.e. over-grazing, deforestation for fuel wood and recreational activities in the natural habitat of the species. The conservation status of this species according to IUCN Red list Categories and Criteria 2001 should be regarded as critically endangered (CR) in Pakistan.
Improving preference disaggregation in multicriteria decision making: incorporating time series analysis and a multi-objective approach

Preference disaggregation analysis (PDA) is a widely used approach in multicriteria decision analysis that aims to extract preferential information from holistic judgments provided by decision makers. This paper presents an original methodological framework for PDA that addresses two significant challenges in this field. Firstly, it considers the multidimensional structure of data to capture decision makers' preferences based on descriptive measures of the criteria time series, such as trend and average. This novel approach enables an understanding of decision makers' preferences in decision-making scenarios involving time series analysis, which is common in medium- to long-term impact decisions. Secondly, the paper addresses the robustness issue commonly encountered in PDA methods by proposing a multi-objective and Monte Carlo simulation approach. This approach enables the consideration of multiple preference models and provides a mechanism to converge towards the most likely preference model. The proposed method is evaluated using real data, demonstrating its effectiveness in capturing preferences based on criteria and time series descriptive measures. The multi-objective analysis highlights the generation of multiple solutions, and, under specific conditions, reveals the possibility of achieving convergence towards a single solution that represents the decision maker's preferences.
The nematic susceptibility of the ferroquadrupolar metal TmAg2 measured via the elastocaloric effect

Elastocaloric measurements of the ferroquadrupolar/nematic rare-earth intermetallic TmAg$_2$ are presented. TmAg$_2$ undergoes a cooperative Jahn-Teller-like ferroquadrupolar phase transition at 5K, in which the Tm$^{3+}$ ion's local $4f$ electronic ground state doublet spontaneously splits and develops an electric quadrupole moment which breaks the rotational symmetry of the tetragonal lattice. The elastocaloric effect, which is the temperature change in the sample induced by adiabatic strains the sample experiences, is sensitive to quadrupolar fluctuations in the paranematic phase which couple to the induced strain. We show that elastocaloric measurements of this material reveal a Curie-Weiss like nematic susceptibility with a Weiss temperature of $\approx 2.7K$, in agreement with previous elastic constant measurements. Furthermore, we establish that a magnetic field along the c-axis acts as an effective transverse field for the quadrupole moments.
Optimal chromatic bound for ($P_3\cup P_2$, house)-free graphs

Let $G$ and $H$ be two vertex disjoint graphs. The {\em union} $G\cup H$ is the graph with $V(G\cup H)=V(G)\cup V(H)$ and $E(G\cup H)=E(G)\cup E(H)$. We use $P_k$ to denote a {\em path} on $k$ vertices, use {\em house} to denote the complement of $P_5$. In this paper, we show that $\chi(G)\le2\omega(G)$ if $G$ is ($P_3\cup P_2$, house)-free. Moreover, this bound is optimal when $\omega(G)\ge2$.
EOS-dependent millihertz quasi-periodic oscillation in low-mass X-ray binary

We studied the frequency and critical mass accretion rate of millihertz quasi-periodic oscillations (mHz QPOs) using a one-zone X-ray burst model. The surface gravity is specified by two kinds of equation of states: neutron star (NS) and strange star (SS). The base flux, Qb, is set in the range of 0-2 MeV nucleon−1. It is found that the frequency of mHz QPO is positively correlated to the surface gravity but negatively to the base heating. The helium mass fraction has a significant influence on the oscillation frequency and luminosity. The observed 7-9 mHz QPOs can be either explained by a heavy NS/light SS with a small base flux or a heavy SS with a large base flux. As base flux increases, the critical mass accretion rate for marginally stable burning is found to be lower. Meanwhile, the impact of metallicity on the properties of mHz QPOs was investigated using one-zone model. It shows that both the frequency and critical mass accretion rate decrease as metallicity increases. An accreted NS/SS with a higher base flux and metallicity, combined with a lower surface gravity and helium mass fraction, could be responsible for the observed critical mass accretion rate ($\dot{m}\simeq 0.3\dot{m}_{\rm Edd}$). The accreted fuel would be in stable burning if base flux is over than ∼2 MeV nucleon−1. This finding suggests that the accreting NSs/SSs in low-mass X-ray binaries showing no type I X-ray bursts possibly have a strong base heating.
Unifying Distributionally Robust Optimization via Optimal Transport Theory

In the past few years, there has been considerable interest in two prominent approaches for Distributionally Robust Optimization (DRO): Divergence-based and Wasserstein-based methods. The divergence approach models misspecification in terms of likelihood ratios, while the latter models it through a measure of distance or cost in actual outcomes. Building upon these advances, this paper introduces a novel approach that unifies these methods into a single framework based on optimal transport (OT) with conditional moment constraints. Our proposed approach, for example, makes it possible for optimal adversarial distributions to simultaneously perturb likelihood and outcomes, while producing an optimal (in an optimal transport sense) coupling between the baseline model and the adversarial model.Additionally, the paper investigates several duality results and presents tractable reformulations that enhance the practical applicability of this unified framework.
Spectroscopy at $e^+ e^-$ colliders

Exotic hadron states beyond the conventional $qqq$ baryon and $q\bar{q}$ meson configurations are well expected from QCD. Having been successful in the past decades, the heavy quarkonium sector is proved to be an ideal place for the study of exotic hadrons. In this talk, I briefly review the recent progress on exotic heavy quarkonium-like state at $e^+e^-$ machines, including BESIII, Belle/Belle II etc.
A note on Hadwiger's conjecture: Another proof that every 4-chromatic graph has a $K_4$ minor

The first non-obvious case of Hadwiger's Conjecture states that every graph $G$ with chromatic number at least 4 has a $K_4$ minor. We give a new proof that derives the $K_4$ minor from a proper 3-coloring of a subgraph of $G$.