Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Maximally Confined High-Speed Second-Order Silicon Microdisk Switches

We demonstrate the first high-speed second-order silicon microdisk bandpass switch. The switch, constructed of a pair of 3? m radii active microdisks possesses ~40GHz flat-top passbands, a 4.2THz free-spectral-range, and a 2.4ns switching time.
Testing of the OBO Bettermann Peak Current Sensor System for Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

During summer 2004 we studied the reliability of the OBO Bettermann peak current sensor (PCS) monitoring system - (1) credit card-type cards with magnetic strips and (2) a card reader. Three methods were used to generate current for testing the PCS system: (1) a Keytek current generator (2) a capacitor discharge, and (3) rocket triggered lightning. The data obtained from the cards were compared with oscilloscope measurements of the generated currents. Additionally, we tested for nearby natural and nearby rocket triggered lightning by placing cards on an airport runway lighting system lightning-protection counterpoise, on power line grounds, and on the lightning-protection system of an explosive storage igloo at Camp Blanding Army National Guard Base. In all experiments exposed cards were read multiple times to test the consistency of the measurement. Each card read zero before each experiment. The Keytek current generator produced a maximum peak current of 5 kA which was unrecorded by the PCS system despite the OBO Bettermann claim that currents larger than 3 kA could be recorded. Three cards were exposed to triggered lightning current and gave proper results (the PCS card measurement deviated less than +- 2 kA from the peak current value measured by research more » equipment). Cards exposed to the current of the capacitor discharge, which was initiated by triggering a spark gap, generally yielded current readings about four times higher than the actual value, but proper readings were observed with some card orientations and locations. Two of the 7 cards tested with the Keytek and 4 of the 17 cards placed on the explosive storage igloo and on the runway counterpoise yielded non-zero current on some readings and zero current on other readings, while all other cards in those locations produced zero current for all readings of the card. The cause of the apparently erroneously high current readings on the cards used in the capacitor discharge experiments is not understood, but the high values may well be related to (1) the direct electromagnetic radiation from the spark gap or from other parts of the current-carrying wire effecting the card's magnetic stripe in an unexpected way, and/or (2) the magnetic field from a potential short duration (nanosecond scale) breakdown current (not observable with our present instrumentation if indeed it does exists) in the current-carrying wire rather than from the oscillatory capacitor discharge current observed on the digitizing oscilloscope. « less
In vivo model to study the impact of genetic variation on clinical outcome of mastitis in dairy heifers

Title: In vivo model to study the impact of genetic variation on clinical outcome of mastitis in dairy heifers Background: In dairy herds, mastitis causes detrimental economic losses. Genetic selection offers a sustainable tool to select animals with reduced susceptibility towards postpartum diseases. Studying underlying mechanisms is important to assess the physiological processes that cause differences between selected haplotypes. Therefore, the objective of this study was to establish an in vivo infection model to study the impact of selecting for alternative paternal haplotypes in a particular genomic region on cattle chromosome 18 for mastitis susceptibility under defined conditions in dairy heifers. Results: At the start of pathogen challenge, no significant differences between the favorable (Q) and unfavorable (q) haplotypes were detected. Intramammary infection (IMI) with Staphylococcus aureus 1027 (S. aureus, n = 24, 96 h) or Escherichia coli 1303 (E. coli, n = 12, 24 h) was successfully induced in all heifers. This finding was confirmed by clinical signs of mastitis and repeated recovery of the respective pathogen from milk samples of challenged quarters in each heifer. After S. aureus challenge, Q-heifers showed lower somatic cell counts 24 h and 36 h after challenge (P < 0.05), lower bacterial shedding in milk 12 h after challenge (P < 0.01) and a minor decrease in total milk yield 12 h and 24 h after challenge (P < 0.01) compared to q-heifers. Conclusion: An in vivo infection model to study the impact of genetic selection for mastitis susceptibility under defined conditions in dairy heifers was successfully established and revealed significant differences between the two genetically selected haplotype groups. This result might explain their differences in susceptibility towards IMI. These clinical findings form the basis for further in-depth molecular analysis to clarify the underlying genetic mechanisms for mastitis resistance. Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, BTA18, genetic selection, haplotype, intramammary infection model, somatic cell count, mastitis
A computer program for the design and static analysis of single-point subsurface mooring systems : NOYFB

This report describes computer program NOYFB: a method of determining the static configuration of sub-surface oceanographic moorings for the purposes of system design and analysis of performance. Operating instructions and the program listing are included as appendices. The program is written in Fortran II specifically for W.H. O.I. Hewlett-Packard 2100 series shipboard computer systems. The user acts as the computer operator in a decision-making capacity, specifying, evaluating, and modifying the mooring composition and control and environmental parameters. Principle features of the program are: a) useable both at sea and ashore, b) real time selection of output formats and devices, c) standard W.H. O.I. mooring component characteristics are stored in the program with the option of user modif ication, d) capable of handling complex, non-uniform current prof iles , e) automatic component length adjustment for depth cri tical instruments, f) calculation of launch transients and reserve buoyancy, g) the ability to imput/output the mooring composition and characteristics from/to punched paper tape.
Intelligent Agents in Military, Defense and Warfare: Ethical Issues and Concerns

Due to tremendous progress in digital electronics now intelligent and autonomous agents are gradually being adopted into the fields and domains of the military, defense and warfare. This paper tries to explore some of the inherent ethical issues, threats and some remedial issues about the impact of such systems on human civilization and existence in general. This paper discusses human ethics in contrast to machine ethics and the problems caused by non-sentient agents. A systematic study is made on paradoxes regarding the long-term advantages of such agents in military combat. This paper proposes an international standard which could be adopted by all nations to bypass the adverse effects and solve ethical issues of such intelligent agents.
Towards an observational measure for team psychological safety

We set out to develop a new, more objective, measure for team psychological safety in the form of an observation scheme for workplace teams to aid further theoretical development and provide practitioners with a tool to track team development. As psychological safety is an affective state and thus not directly observable. We first aim to identify human behaviors representative of four constructs correlated to psychological safety, being information sharing, relationship-, task-, and process conflict. We conducted a Delphi study in which experts nominated workplace behaviors reflective of high psychological safety. The resulting twenty nine behaviors were subsequently observed in ten workplace teams: both in a meeting setting and in a regular work setting. We identified nine meeting behaviors and seven workplace behaviors which can aid in observing psychological safety. In order to check the validity of our newly developed measure, we also surveyed psychological safety and the four correlated constructs in the observed teams. We found support for our resulting observation scheme. This research provides a potentially fruitful approach to measuring psychological safety in a more objective manner compared to the self-report survey. Follow-up study is needed to further test, improve, and validate the observation scheme.
Building a model plan for knowledge sharing among the library and information science professionals in the selected public and private university libraries of Bangladesh: A Study

The main purpose of the study is to formulate a model plan for KS among the LIS professionals in the selected public and private university libraries of Bangladesh. In accomplishing this purpose, the study advanced by generating three precise objectives and three research questions (RQs) on the basis of the literature reviewed. It also tested several hypotheses to find the answers to the RQs. In conducting this study; survey, quantitative, comparative and exploratory approaches were adopted. A pre-coded questionnaire was used to collect primary data from the sample drawn from the LIS professionals of the selected public and private university libraries through personal visit. The collected data were analyzed by applying frequency distribution, cross tabulation and descriptive statistical tools while the hypotheses were tested by applying Chi-square test and Mann Whitney U test based on the scale of measurement. The major findings of the study were the perceptions of the LIS professionals from the selected university libraries about the prerequisites for KS (intellectual capital, factors influencing KS, and KS skills); facilitators (KS process, KS methods, KS techniques, and KS tools) and barriers to KS; and consequences of KS (influences of KS on learning, feedback, and transferring knowledge after KS). In fact, this study proposed a model plan for KS among the LIS professionals in the selected university libraries of Bangladesh. The study has the potentiality for implementation in the practical field to introduce and/or transform the conventional and unorganized KS practices by a systematic and organized KS culture. The major limitations of the study are the selection of the university libraries situated only in Dhaka city, excluding the university library users from the population and not justifying the proposed model plan. Therefore the study suggested future research by selecting university libraries from different part of the country, including the user category in the population and attempting to justify the model plan.
STRUCTURAL MONITORING WITH GPS

Recent technological advances in the global positioning system (GPS) have made it a cost-effective tool for monitoring the safety and performance of bridges. Advances in GPS receiver technology and data-processing software make GPS a valuable tool that can be integrated into an automated continuously operating system. A prototype GPS-based bridge monitoring system has been developed for the Federal Highway Administration's nondestructive testing and evaluation program. The system has been tested successfully on two major highway bridges, and its design is being customized. This article describes the two system architectures for structural monitoring with GPS--fixed network sensors and mobile sensors. Two implementations of these systems are discussed. The authors predict that structural monitoring will continue to increase in importance, and with new tools, will decrease in cost. A sidebar explains the differences in navigation and surveying applications using GPS.
REDUCING POWER PEAKS AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN RAIL TRANSIT SYSTEMS BY SIMULTANEOUS TRAIN RUNNING TIME CONTROL

This paper presents a new approach to train running time control in order to achieve energy cost reductions. Given an optimal combination of headways and synchronization time, it is sufficient to apply a controller based on the minimization of a single train's energy using dynamic Programming. When these conditions can not be met, the modification of train running times can contribute to significantly reducing power peaks and energy consumption and thereby reducing energy costs in rail transit systems.
Developing a model of online learning-technology acceptance model (TAM)

With the rapid development of information technology and network infrastructure construction, the online learning system has been changed from traditional face-to-face classroom to speedy information technology. On the past decades, few of researchers have constructed specifically for the principals' attitudes toward online learning. The purpose of this study was to develop a Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) for the principals in elementary schools and junior high schools. The TAM on this study was framed by six subscales: perceived ease of use, perceived useful planning, perceived useful learning, perceived useful contents, attitudes toward using online learning, and behavioral intentions to manage via online learning. This study would also explore the relationship between online learning and the principals' leadership. At the same time, the study introduced perceived useful planning, perceived useful learning, and perceived useful contents as new factors that reflected the principals' intrinsic belief in online learning acceptance.
Fish quality assessment through the application of chemico-physical, sensory and microbiological analyses

The quality of fish products is indispensably linked to the freshness of the raw material modulated by appropriate manipulation and storage conditions, specially the storage temperature after catch. The purpose of the research presented in this thesis, which was largely conducted in the context of a research project funded by Italian Ministry of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Policies (MIPAAF), concerned the evaluation of the freshness of farmed and wild fish species, in relation to different storage conditions, under ice (0°C) or at refrigeration temperature (4°C). Several specimens of different species, bogue (Boops boops), red mullet (Mullus barbatus), sea bream (Sparus aurata) and sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), during storage, under the different temperature conditions adopted, have been examined. The assessed control parameters were physical (texture, through the use of a dynamometer; visual quality using a computer vision system (CVS)), chemical (through footprint metabolomics 1H-NMR) and sensory (Quality Index Method (QIM). Microbiological determinations were also carried out on the species of hake (Merluccius merluccius). In general obtained results confirmed that the temperature of manipulation/conservation is a key factor in maintaining fish freshness. NMR spectroscopy showed to be able to quantify and evaluate the kinetics for unselected compounds during fish degradation, even a posteriori. This can be suitable for the development of new parameters related to quality and freshness. The development of physical methods, particularly the image analysis performed by computer vision system (CVS), for the evaluation of fish degradation, is very promising. Among CVS parameters, skin colour, presence and distribution of gill mucus, and eye shape modification evidenced a high sensibility for the estimation of fish quality loss, as a function of the adopted storage conditions. Particularly the eye concavity index detected on fish eye showed a high positive correlation with total QIM score.
Design approach for subsea data center based on thermodynamic theory under the premise of building energy conservation

Traditional data centres often require additional energy to drive air conditioning fans etc. to dissipate heat due to the serious power generation problems of servers, which in effect raises the economic costs. Seawater, with its high specific heat capacity and fluidity, offers a viable research direction for reducing economic costs, and this paper is based on this problem. The study shows that it is feasible to use containers as the main structure of the data centre. The number of servers n 860 that can be tolerated by the cooling capacity of the container without considering the limit of geometrical constraints is obtained by calculation. Secondly, in order to enhance the heat dissipation capacity of the data centre, the 6 cm straight ribbed crown fin heat dissipation enclosure is proposed to have the best heat dissipation capacity when comparing various heat dissipation enclosure configurations. A comprehensive assessment model of material properties was established, and the weights of each straight index were determined by analytic hierarchy process, and then the metals were ranked according to the specific scores of each index. The results show that nickel alloys and aluminium alloys are the most suitable.
Decentralized current sharing in dc microgrids considering normal and disturbed operation modes

The accurate ratio-based current sharing, which is one of the desired features of the droop controlled dc microgrid, might be affected by the system impedance. Several strategies have been presented in the literature to achieve precise current sharing. This paper proposes a new controller reconfiguration algorithm that is capable to achieve enhanced operation during normal conditions and after system disturbances. For this purpose, the proposed algorithm allows the converter to follow the set-points determined by a higher-level controller when there is no disturbance in the system. After a system disturbance, when the necessity for the current sharing arises, the proposed controller enables accurate ratio based current mismatch sharing between the droop controlled converters. The time-domain simulation conducted in Matlab/ Simulink environment demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Modeling Slow Lead Vehicle Lane Changing

ii DEDICATION. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS. v LIST OF FIGURES . viii LIST OF TABLES. x Standard Nomenclature. 1 Glossary . 3 Chapter 1: Introduction . 8 The Crash Problem . 8 Limitations of Previous Lane Change Efforts . 10 Objectives . 11 Research Questions. 11 Chapter 2: Literature Review. 13 Definition of a Lane Change. 13 Crash Scenarios. 14 Monitoring Surrounding Areas. 14 Forward Area . 14 Forward Adjacent Lane Area. 17 Rearward Adjacent Lane Area. 17 Crash Avoidance Systems . 17 Relevant Parameters . 18 Velocity. 18 Frequency. 19 Duration . 19 Acceleration . 20 Steering . 21 Range . 21 Range-Rate (or velocity differential) . 21 Time-to-Collision. 23 Turn Signal Use . 23 Eye Movements . 25 Lane Change Sequence. 29 A Continuum of Research Designs. 33 Naturalistic Observation and the Field Experiment. 35 Using Video . 36 Driving Field Experiments. 36 Lane Change Research Needs. 37 Chapter 3. Method . 39 Data Collection . 39 Participants. 39 Experimental Design. 39 Independent Variables . 40 Apparatus . 41 Dependent Variables. 50
The construction of a leadership identity based on empathy, care, and participation: María Eliana's history

Recent academic research highlights the role of leadership identity when thinking about the improvement of the educational field. Based on this research, this article aims to identify and analyze the elements that affect the development of leadership identity in female school principals within the Chilean context. This is achieved by working from a biographical-narrative approach, specifically from the life history technique. This analysis emerges from a considerate reflection on the teachings, and personal and professional milestones highlighted in the biogram. Both personally and professionally, a multiplicity of elements is observed in the life history of María Eliana, influencing the development of her leadership identity, particularly highlighting her self-recognition as a woman. This identity is oriented towards social justice, based on socio-emotional tools such as care, empathy, and participation; and understands and values the role these elements must take in Chilean education. The case study presents tensions for the Chilean educational system, which must be able to address the complexities that women experience while holding leadership positions, especially when challenged with the perspective that school is an inclusive space of social justice.
NEW APPROACHES TO THE LABORATORY AND FIELD MEASUREMENT OF SOIL SUCTION

There is now a large range of commercially available testing equipment for the measurement of soil suction. The transistor psychrometer developed in the past few years is proving to be an instrument with a wide range and the ability to test large numbers of soil samples quite rapidly. The upper range of this instrument has now been extended by experimentation to the point where it can measure air dry samples. The filter paper technique, which can also be used to cover the full range of soil suction, is now becoming more widely used as procedures are becoming more firmly established. To overcome the main problem of the measurement of the gain in mass of the filter paper a balance has been developed which can be used within the soil sample chamber. This promises to revolutionise the technique for both the laboratory and downhole measurement. Many sensors are now available for field use, some of which can be adapted from those in agriculture and horticulture. Tests on a number of these have been made and work is continuing on assessment of their range and accuracy. (A) For the covering abstract see IRRD 881647.
Multi-Objective Constraint Satisfaction for Mobile Robot Area Defense

Abstract : In developing multi-robot cooperative systems, there are often competing objectives that need to be met. For example in automating area defense systems, multiple robots must work together to explore the entire area, and maintain consistent communications to alert the other agents and ensure trust in the system. This research presents an algorithm that tasks robots to meet the two specific goals of exploration and communication maintenance in an uncoordinated environment reducing the need for a user to pre-balance the objectives. This multi-objective problem is defined as a constraint satisfaction problem solved using the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II). Applying the algorithm to the area defense problem, results show exploration and communication without coordination are two diametrically opposed goals, in which one may be favored, but only at the expense of the other. This work also presents suggestions for anyone looking to take further steps in developing a physically grounded solution to this area defense problem.