Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Review on the Protective Effects of Probiotics against Alzheimer’s Disease

Simple Summary Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders in older adults. It is characterized by difficulty in writing and speech, weak memory, and struggle with cognition. Bidirectional communication between the gut and brain via the gut–brain axis plays a very important role in normal brain functioning. Dysbiosis has been linked to various neurodegenerative disorders; hence, a healthy gut microbiota is essential for normal brain function. Probiotics can prove to be effective therapeutic agents against AD as they restore gut–brain homeostasis. Abstract This review summarizes the protective effects of probiotics against Alzheimer’s disease (AD), one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders affecting older adults. This disease is characterized by the deposition of tau and amyloid β peptide (Aβ) in different parts of the brain. Symptoms observed in patients with AD include struggles with writing, speech, memory, and knowledge. The gut microbiota reportedly plays an important role in brain functioning due to its bidirectional communication with the gut via the gut–brain axis. The emotional and cognitive centers in the brain are linked to the functions of the peripheral intestinal system via this gut–brain axis. Dysbiosis has been linked to neurodegenerative disorders, indicating the significance of gut homeostasis for proper brain function. Probiotics play an important role in protecting against the symptoms of AD as they restore gut–brain homeostasis to a great extent. This review summarizes the characteristics, status of gut–brain axis, and significance of gut microbiota in AD. Review and research articles related to the role of probiotics in the treatment of AD were searched in the PubMed database. Recent studies conducted using animal models were given preference. Recent clinical trials were searched for separately. Several studies conducted on animal and human models clearly explain the benefits of probiotics in improving cognition and memory in experimental subjects. Based on these studies, novel therapeutic approaches can be designed for the treatment of patients with AD.
Computer-aided Arrhythmia Diagnosis with Bio-signal Processing

Signals obtained from a patient, i.e., bio-signals, are utilized to analyze the health of patient. One such bio-signal of paramount importance is the electrocardiogram (ECG), which represents the functioning of the heart. Any abnormal behavior in the ECG signal is an indicative measure of a malfunctioning of the heart, termed an arrhythmia condition. Due to the involved complexities such as lack of human expertise and high probability to misdiagnose, long-term monitoring based on computer-aided diagnosis (CADiag) is preferred. There exist various CADiag techniques for arrhythmia diagnosis with their own benefits and limitations. In this work, we classify the arrhythmia detection approaches that make use of CADiag based on the utilized technique. A vast number of techniques useful for arrhythmia detection, their performances, the involved complexities, and comparison among different variants of same technique and across different techniques are discussed. The comparison of different techniques in terms of their performance for arrhythmia detection and its suitability for hardware implementation toward body-wearable devices is discussed in this work.
The transcription factor VAX1 in VIP neurons of the suprachiasmatic nucleus impacts circadian rhythm generation, depressive-like behavior, and the reproductive axis in a sex-specific manner in mice

Background The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) within the hypothalamus is a key brain structure required to relay light information to the body and synchronize cell and tissue level rhythms and hormone release. Specific subpopulations of SCN neurons, defined by their peptide expression, regulate defined SCN output. Here we focus on the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) expressing neurons of the SCN. SCN VIP neurons are known to regulate circadian rhythms and reproductive function. Methods To specifically study SCN VIP neurons, we generated a novel knock out mouse line by conditionally deleting the SCN enriched transcription factor, Ventral Anterior Homeobox 1 (Vax1), in VIP neurons (Vax1Vip; Vax1fl/fl:VipCre). Results We found that Vax1Vip females presented with lengthened estrous cycles, reduced circulating estrogen, and increased depressive-like behavior. Further, Vax1Vip males and females presented with a shortened circadian period in locomotor activity and ex vivo SCN circadian period. On a molecular level, the shortening of the SCN period was driven, at least partially, by a direct regulatory role of VAX1 on the circadian clock genes Bmal1 and Per2. Interestingly, Vax1Vip females presented with increased expression of arginine vasopressin (Avp) in the paraventricular nucleus, which resulted in increased circulating corticosterone. SCN VIP and AVP neurons regulate the reproductive gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and kisspeptin neurons. To determine how the reproductive neuroendocrine network was impacted in Vax1Vip mice, we assessed GnRH sensitivity to a kisspeptin challenge in vivo. We found that GnRH neurons in Vax1Vip females, but not males, had an increased sensitivity to kisspeptin, leading to increased luteinizing hormone release. Interestingly, Vax1Vip males showed a small, but significant increase in total sperm and a modest delay in pubertal onset. Both male and female Vax1Vip mice were fertile and generated litters comparable in size and frequency to controls. Conclusion Together, these data identify VAX1 in SCN VIP neurons as a neurological overlap between circadian timekeeping, female reproduction, and depressive-like symptoms in mice, and provide novel insight into the role of SCN VIP neurons.
Association between the perineal hygiene score at calving, puerperal uterine disorders, and reproductive efficiency in crossbreed dairy cows

Retained placenta, metritis, and clinical endometritis are prevalent diseases on dairy farms, leading to economic losses and reducing the longevity of dairy cows in dairy production systems, so it is important to investigate potential predisposing factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation between perineal hygiene during calving and the incidence of retained placenta, metritis, clinical endometritis and their effect on reproductive efficiency and culling rates in crossbred dairy cows. At two properties, pre calving cows (n=101) were evaluated for perineal dirtiness before and during calving, by visual observation and classified in score 1 - free of feces and dry perineum; score 2 - slight presence of feces and moist perineum; score 3 - mild-wet perineum, covered by feces (over 10% of the surface). After calving, cows were subjected by visual observation and gynecological evaluation to identify retained placenta, metritis and clinical endometritis. Cows with a hygiene score of 2 or 3 showed higher rates of retained placenta (41.9% x 14.0%), metritis (32.5% x 14.0%%) and clinical endometritis (42.5% x 15.8%) than cows with a score 1. Even though no significant effects on reproductive rates were reported, the degree of perineal dirtiness in prepartum dairy crossbred cows is associated with the incidence of post calving reproductive diseases.
Caractérisation de la transition entre les régimes d'écoulements diffusif et convectif dans un problème d'évaporation instationnaire : modèle thermique

Durant le processus d'evaporation d'une solution solvant-solute, des instabilites convectives peuvent etre engendrees par la poussee d'Archimede et/ou les variations de tension de surface. Nous ne presentons ici que le regime thermique (champ solutal fige) qui se developpe sur des temps courts pour une solution de PIB-Toluene. On impose deux types de perturbations au systeme pour faire apparaitre les cellules (echanges convectifs, perturbation aleatoire). Nous avons determine les seuils d'apparition pour trois instabilites convectives, a savoir Benard-Marangoni, Rayleigh-Benard-Marangoni et Rayleigh-Benard en fonction de l'allongement A et de la nature de la perturbation appliquee. Les cellules convectives ont ete reconstruites et etudiees au cours du temps pour le cas des instabilites de Rayleigh-Benard-Marangoni.
Prevalence and risk factors related to intestinal parasitosis in children under 18 years of age in four populations of Colombia: a cross-sectional study

Objective: To identify the profile of intestinal parasitosis in children of four populations in the municipalities of Quibdó, Apartadó, Guachené, and Granada, Colombia, in 2012. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a secondary source of information, in which sociodemographic factors associated with the presence of parasites were analyzed in a univariate and bivariate manner. Results: A total of 240 individuals were analyzed. Two thirds of them were parasitized. The most frequent species were Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (22.9%), Endolimax nana (19.2%), Blastocystis hominins (19.2%), and Giardia intestinalis (20.8%). An association between inadequate excreta disposal (latrine or septic tank) and the presence of parasitic colonization was found with a prevalence ratio (PR) of 1.34 [1.14, 1.59] (p=0.005). Similarly, housing construction with wood or baharequewas 1.31 times more frequent in subjects with parasitic forms in their stool samples than those with brick houses.Discussion: A higher frequency of intestinal parasites was found for the different age groups compared to several reports worldwide and in Latin America. The most frequent species of parasites were similar to those reported in the literature.Conclusions: Isolated populations in Colombia, such as those studied, have a higher frequency of intestinal parasites than other populations.
Impact of (nano)formulations on the distribution and wash-off of copper pesticides and fertilisers applied on citrus leaves

Environmental contextThere are great concerns around current wide usage of copper-based agrochemicals. We compare the fate of nano- and conventional forms of copper, in particular their resistance to wash-off by rain (rainfastness), following their application to citrus leaves. Results showing large differences between the formulations in the amount and forms of copper washed from the leaves provide essential information to optimise agrochemical efficacy while minimising the environmental impact. AbstractThis study compares the rainfastness of nine forms of Cu, including nano and conventional Cu-based fungicide formulations, as well as their salt or bulk equivalents. Rainfastness is the ability to resist wash-off; it is a key property for improving pesticide formulations and for assessing the potential transfer of pesticides to the soil. A new protocol was developed to characterise losses of Cu from treated leaves. It consisted of dipping the leaves in rainwater and then in an acid/ethanol mixture followed by size fractionation. The proportion of Cu lost by wash-off from citrus leaves ranged from <2% (Tribasic, nCuO or Cu(OH)2) up to 93% (CuSO4) of the initial amount of Cu applied. Intermediate Cu losses were observed for formulations with silica (nano)particles (9–14% of applied Cu), Kocide (22%), ChampDP (31%), and a formulation with graphene oxide (47%). Smaller particles generally resulted in less wash-off, possibly due to stronger attachment to the leaf surface, but other factors such as the particle shape and solubility also played an essential role. The retention of nCuO to the leaves was particularly high, and the exact mechanisms involved (e.g. foliar uptake) deserve further work. Most of the Cu was washed off in its ionic form (>74%). Two Cu formulations (one commercial formulation and the formulation with graphene oxide) also showed wash off in significant proportions of Cu (~17%) in the nano-sized fraction. This study provides essential information on the amounts and forms of Cu that may reach the soil after the application of Cu-based agrochemicals. The great diversity in behaviour across the range of formulations considered highlights the need for more systematic research to fully exploit the potential improvements of current agrochemicals through (nano)formulation technologies.
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Experimental investigation and FEM analysis of chip morphology in the turning of ASTM F-75 CoCrMo alloy

During the machining process, problems such as tool wear, high temperature, force distribution, and surface quality deterioration must be fully understood. Control of these problems with experimental studies and numerical analyses is important in ensuring dimensional accuracy and surface integrity of the cutting tool, workpiece, and also the finished product. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of machining parameters on chip morphology, residual stresses and tool wear in turning operations of ASTM-F75 CoCrMo alloy experimentally and by finite element method (FEM) simulation. The study was carried out at three different feed rates (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 mm/rev) and at a constant cutting speed of 80 m/min both experimentally on a CNC turning machine and with FEM simulation. From the obtained results, the formation of cracks and adhesions on the surfaces of the chip were observed due to the increase of the feed rate. According to the orthogonal cutting model, chip height ratio (Gs) and tooth pitch (Pc) values of saw-tooth chips supported each other with measurements taken from both FEM images and experimental images. With the increase of the forward speed, the Gs ratio decreased, while the Pc increased. In addition, microscopic images obtained from the cutting tool also showed that the rate of crater wear gradually increased with increasing feed rate. As a result, it is seen that machining parameters have a significant effect on cutting tool and chip morphology in CoCrMo ASTM-F75 alloy turning.
Self-efficacy and Self-regulated Learning in Clinical Performance of Nursing Students: A Qualitative Research

Introduction: Self-efficacy and self-regulated learning play an important role in applying clinical knowledge and competencies. The aim of this study was to define self-efficacy and self-regulated learning in nursing students' clinical performance during field training. Methods: In a qualitative study, 50 participants were selected through purposive sampling method from Iran, Tehran, and Shahid Beheshti Medical Universities. Then 28 semi-structured and 3 focus group interviews were performed with volunteer nursing students. Data was analyzed using content analysis methods. Results: The definition of self-efficacy and self-regulated learning were categorized in five and three themes, respectively. Self-efficacy in clinical performance based on the viewpoints of participants was equal to acquiring clinical skills, assessing patients, and planning, executing, and evaluating care plans. The experie-nce of self-regulated learning in clinical performance was equivalent to efforts for clinical learning along with self-motivation, and practicing nursing process, as well as for acquiring professional behaviors. Conclusion: Self-efficacy and self-regulated learning affect independent patient care capability and help nursing students to promote their competencies and professional skills in this field.
Dynamic Light Scattering and Its Application to Control Nanoparticle Aggregation in Colloidal Systems: A Review

Colloidal systems and their control play an essential role in daily human activities, but several drawbacks lead to an avoidance of their extensive application in some more productive areas. Some roadblocks are a lack of knowledge regarding how to influence and address colloidal forces, as well as a lack of practical devices to understand these systems. This review focuses on applying dynamic light scattering (DLS) as a powerful tool for monitoring and characterizing nanoparticle aggregation dynamics. We started by outlining the core ideas behind DLS and how it may be used to examine colloidal particle size distribution and aggregation dynamics; then, in the last section, we included the options to control aggregation in the chemically processed toner. In addition, we pinpointed knowledge gaps and difficulties that obstruct the use of DLS in real-world situations. Although widely used, DLS has limits when dealing with complicated systems, including combinations of nanoparticles, high concentrations, and non-spherical particles. We discussed these issues and offered possible solutions and the incorporation of supplementary characterization approaches. Finally, we emphasized how critical it is to close the gap between fundamental studies of nanoparticle aggregation and their translation into real-world applications, recognizing challenges in colloidal science.
Revised chronology of Trichoptera evolution

Based on a recalibrated BEAST diversification time analysis, we provide a revised chronology for the evolution of major lineages of Trichoptera. Fossil evidence indicates that caddisflies evolved at least by the Norian of Late Triassic (median age 222.6 Ma), compared with our estimate of at least 201.3 Ma. The ancestors of suborders Annulipalpia and Integripalpia also evolved as early as the Norian. Fossil evidence indicates that the ancestor of subterorder Phryganides lived at least by the Aalenian of Middle Jurassic (median age 173.6 Ma), compared with our estimate of at least 174.1 Ma.
Pueblo Population Movements, Abandonment and Settlement Change in Sixteenth and Seventeenth Century New Mexico

ABSTRACT Spanish colonization of the northern Southwest in the seventeenth century coincided with extensive abandonment of large Pueblo villages. This period of abandonment has been conventionally understood as a consequence of population decline. An examination of archaeological settlement patterns in two areas of the Rio Grande region of New Mexico, the Jemez Plateau and the Rio Abajo, during the period A.D. 1515–1700 reveals occupation at many more sites than those identified in historic documents. The patterns of settlement indicate the maintenance of long-standing mobility practices on the Jemez Plateau. In the Rio Abajo, there are significant population shifts as a consequence of movement to communities outside of the area, and from large to small settlements. These settlement changes during the first centuries of colonial rule demonstrate the use of established Pueblo settlement and mobility practices to respond to the new challenges of Spanish domination. They also indicate that abandonment during the early historic era cannot be automatically equated with population decline.
Pelargonium sidoides: A possible preventive role in the development of endodontic flare-up

it is aimed to create suitable healing conditions by performing successful root canal treatment. However, endodontic flare-ups may occur between appointments, and this may cause discomfort for the patient and damage the patient-clinician relationship. Therefore, in this brief review, it is aimed to describe the possible preventive effects of the natural medicine Pelar-gonium sidoides extract (EPs® 7630), which has broad anti-infective and anti-inflammatory properties. Methods: PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched and reviewed related to P. sidoides. The anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects of P. sidoides extract and its chemical constituents in periodontitis and other systemic infections are discussed. Results: Clinical and in vitro studies have confirmed that P. sidoides extract and some of its fractions may be involved in inflammatory tissue responses by showing immunomodulatory effects in mild infections of periapical tissues. This implies that the natural remedy, EPs® 7630, could be a potential therapeutic and prophylactic medicine for root canal treatments. Conclusion: This review provides basic information about the immunomodulatory, anti-infective, and anti-inflammatory effects of EPs® 7630 and outlines its possible functions in periradicular tissues as a promising therapeutic medicine.
Relationship between chlorophyll content and soil plant analytical development values in two cultivars of fig (Ficus carica L.) as brassinolide effect at an open field

Relationship between chlorophyll and relative chlorophyll values obtained using soil plant analytical development (SPAD)-502 meter after brassinolide treatment were determined in two varieties of fig (Fiscus carica L.) at an open field conditions using fresh weight basis. The experiment was arranged as split plot randomized complete block design (SRCBD) with four replications, and each experimental unit containing three plants. A different fig sample was considered as the main plot and brassinolide concentrations as sub-plots. There were four plants as destructive samples observed monthly for each replication. The correlation of SPAD value and the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content were significantly correlated in fig leaves. At IBT variety, the optimal mathematic function for SPAD value and chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll were Y=30.209e−0.081x (r=0.6623), Y=388.42x−1.676 (r=0.3145), and Y=29.738e−0.072x (r=0.5380) respectively. At MD variety, the optimal function models were Y=7.4524e−0.032x (r=0.5318) for chlorophyll a, y=-0.0025x2+0.1268x+0.2896 (r=0.3407) for chlorophyll b and Y=-0.0052x2+0.1961x+3.1882 (r=0.5129) for total chlorophyll. All these data proved SPAD-502 can be an effective tool used for rapid and nondestructive estimation of leaf chlorophyll content in fig.
A new possible site to study the effects of climate warming on tundra ecosystems: the Giant Mountains, Czech Republic

In the north-south transect between the tundra areas of northern Sweden (Abisko), across southern Norway (Dovrefjell) to the Alps, one may include the summit area of the Giant Mountains (Czech Republic-Krkonose in Czech and Poland-Karkonosze in Polish), which constitutes an isolated island of arctic-alpine tundra within the Central European Sudetes. Its area was strongly influenced, like the Scandinavian and Alps areas, by periglacial conditions during the Ice ages in the Pleistocene era. At present, the average annual air temperature of the Giant Mountains tundra area is about 2.6-5.7°C higher than that of the Abisko area and 1.8°C higher than that of Dovrefjell. The intensity of frost processes is impressively lower and special palsa-like forms have been recognized in seasonally freezing peat bogs, where some arctic-alpine plant species survive in marginal conditions in the Giant Mountains. Therefore the Giant Mountains could be used to study the effects of long-term natural climate warming on some Scandinavian tundra ecosystems. Scandinavian tundra conditions seem to be similar to those existing in Central Europe 10 000 years ago; therefore Scandinavian areas appear very interesting with regard to the beginning of postglacial development of tundra areas in Central Europe.