Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The age

: Background: We aimed to investigate the relationship between sleep characteristics with hypertension using self-reported questionnaires. Material-Methods: 957 adults were classified into three groups [short (<6 h), normal (6-8 h) and long (>8 h) sleepers]. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg or use of antihypertensive medication at the time of interview. Results: Overall prevalence of hypertension was 34.3%. Association between short sleep duration and hypertension that was age-specific, present only among younger and middle aged individuals and sparing the elderly, but not gender-specific, as no discrepancies existed between males and females in all age groups, was evident. Conclusions: This study promotes early pharmacological or cognitive behavioral interventions on sleep disturbances in order to reduce hypertension burden.
Economic Impacts of Climate Change on Australian Fisheries and Associated Sectors By 2030

This study investigates the economic impact to fish eries and associated sectors if wild fisheries cont inue operating to 2030 without considering the effects of climate cha nge. Estimates of climate change impacts in Austral ian fisheries and their associated probability distributions were derived from the literature and expert consultatio ns. An InputOutput model of the Australian economy was used to etermine the flow-on effects of these impacts. Mon te Carlo simulations were undertaken on the basis of the ass ociated uncertainties to climate change predictions . The results present a baseline for evaluating the benefits of f uture climate change adaptations. The results, base d upon the best available biological projections, indicate most Aus tralian fisheries considered may in fact see econom ic benefit as a result of climate change by 2030. Adaptation strate gies should consider minimising losses and maximizi ng the benefits that could be brought by climate change.
Precipitating factors for delirium in hospitalized elderly persons. Predictive model and interrelationship with baseline vulnerability.

OBJECTIVES To prospectively develop and validate a predictive model for delirium based on precipitating factors during hospitalization, and to examine the interrelationship of precipitating factors and baseline vulnerability. DESIGN Two prospective cohort studies, in tandem. SETTING General medical wards, university teaching hospital. PATIENTS For the development cohort, 196 patients aged 70 years and older with no delirium at baseline, and for the validation cohort, 312 comparable patients. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE New-onset delirium by hospital day 9, defined by the Confusion Assessment Method diagnostic criteria. RESULTS Delirium developed in 35 patients (18%) in the development cohort. Five independent precipitating factors for delirium were identified; use of physical restraints (adjusted relative risk [RR], 4.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.5 to 7.9), malnutrition (RR, 4.0; 95% CI, 2.2 to 7.4), more than three medications added (RR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.6 to 5.4), use of bladder catheter (RR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.2 to 4.7), and any iatrogenic event (RR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1 to 3.2). Each precipitating factor preceded the onset of delirium by more than 24 hours. A risk stratification system was developed by adding 1 point for each factor present. Rates of delirium for low-risk (0 points), intermediate-risk (1 to 2 points), and high-risk groups (> or equal to 3 points) were 3%, 20%, and 59%, respectively (P < .001). The corresponding rates in the validation cohort, in which 47 patients (15%) developed delirium, were 4%, 20%, and 35%, respectively (P < .001). When precipitating and baseline factors were analyzed in cross-stratified format, delirium rates increased progressively from low-risk to high-risk groups in all directions (double-gradient phenomenon). The contributions of baseline and precipitating factors were documented to be independent and statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS A simple predictive model based on the presence of five precipitating factors can be used to identify elderly medical patients at high risk for delirium. Precipitating and baseline vulnerability factors are highly interrelated and contribute to delirium in independent substantive, and cumulative ways.
Carbon and oxygen fluxes in the Barents and Norwegian Seas : production, air-sea exchange and budget calculations

iii List of papers viii 1. Backdrop: Climate, the global carbon cycle, and the world ocean 1 2. Motivation and aim for this thesis 4 3. Variables 3.1 The marine inorganic carbon system 5 3.1.1 Analytical methods 7 3.1.1. 1 Total dissolved inorganic carbon 8 3.1.1.2 Total alkalinity 8 3.2 Organic carbon in the ocean 8 3.3 Oxygen 9 4. Important processes for the marine carbon cycle 4.1 Biological production 10 4.2 Air-sea exchange 12 4.3 Environmental change 15 5. The study area 5.1 Hydrography 17 5.1.1 The general circulation in the Arctic Mediterranean 17 5.1.2 Atlantic and Coastal Water in the Norwegian Sea 17 5.1. 3 Barents Sea circulation 19 5.2 Climate change in the Arctic 21 5.3 Air-sea CO2 exchange and biological production in the study area 22 6. Results and discussion 27
Sub-wavelength metamaterial cylinders with multiple dipole resonances

It has been shown that the sub-wavelength resonances of the individual MTM cylinders also occur for electrically small configurations combining 2 or 4 cylinders. For the 2-and 4-cylinder configurations the overall size is 1/20 and 1/12.5 of the smallest wavelength, respectively. These MTM configuration thus offer the possibility for multi-resonant electrically small configurations.
N ° 2013 – 22 The long Term Effects of the Printing Press in Sub Saharan Africa

This article examines the long-term consequences of the introduction of the printing press in the 19th century on newspaper readership and other civic attitudes in sub-Saharan Africa. In sub-Saharan Africa, Protestant missionaries were the first both to import the printing press technology and to allow the indigenous population to use it. We build a new geocoded dataset locating Protestant missions in 1903. This dataset includes, for each mission station, the geographic location and its characteristics, as well as the educational and health related investments undertaken by the mission. We show that proximity to a historical missionary settlement endowed with a printing press significantly increases newspaper readership today within regions located close to historical mission settlements. We also find a positive impact on political participation at the community level. Results are robust to a variety of identification strategies that attempt to address the potential endogenous selection of missions into printing and externalities on education and literacy.
When are real options exercised ? An empirical study of mine closings

Working papers are in draft form. This working paper is distributed for purposes of comment and discussion only. It may not be reproduced without the permission of the copyright holder. Copies of working papers are available from the authors. In this paper, we study a well-known real option: the opening and closing of mines. Using a new database that tracks the annual opening and closing decisions of 285 developed North American gold mines in the period 1988-1997, we find that the real options model is a useful descriptor of mines' opening and shutting decisions. In addition, we find that the decision whether to shut a mine is related to firm-specific managerial factors not normally considered within a strict real options model. 1 In the last quarter century there has been considerable research in the field of real options, especially as applied to natural resource industries. The concept of real options has been applied to managerially-important decisions (for examples, see Myers (1977) and Kester (1984)), techniques for valuing stylized real option projects have been developed (see Brennan and Schwartz (1985a,b)), and real option techniques have been applied to value projects (for example, see Paddock et al. provide a summary of the state of the field. However, empirical research on real options has lagged considerably behind these conceptual and theoretical contributions to the literature. This research has included applications of real options (Paddock et al. (1988)), evidence of real options explaining asset and evidence that real option models may help explain firm's risk exposures (Tufano (1998a)). In this paper, we study the " classic " real options held by gold mining firms; the right to open and shut a mine in response to output prices, as modeled by Brennan and Schwartz (1985a). The advantage of studying mine closings and reopenings is that they are discrete, observable, and economically-material events. In this research, we try to answer a set of simple questions: How often do these options get exercised? By what types of firms? Under what circumstances? How do managerial concerns affect the exercise decisions of firms? Our work is close in spirit to Kovenock and Phillips (1997), who study plant closings in ten industries using detailed plant-level and firm-level data. 1 Like them, we study the plant-level decision of whether to cease operations. However, we seek to explicitly study the real option 2 to close in response to commodity price fluctuations, rather …
Impaired Axonal Regeneration in a 7 Integrin-Deficient Mice

The interplay between growing axons and the extracellular substrate is pivotal for directing axonal outgrowth during development and regeneration. Here we show an important role for the neuronal cell adhesion molecule a7b1 integrin during peripheral nerve regeneration. Axotomy led to a strong increase of this integrin on regenerating motor and sensory neurons, but not on the normally nonregenerating CNS neurons. a7 and b1 subunits were present on the axons and their growth cones in the regenerating facial nerve. Transgenic deletion of the a7 subunit caused a significant reduction of axonal elongation. The associated delay in the reinnervation of the whiskerpad, a peripheral target of the facial motor neurons, points to an important role for this integrin in the successful execution of axonal regeneration.
Fire in the Earth System

Burn, Baby, Burn Wildfires can have dramatic and devastating effects on landscapes and human structures and are important agents in environmental transformation. Their impacts on nonanthropocentric aspects of the environment, such as ecosystems, biodiversity, carbon reserves, and climate, are often overlooked. Bowman et al. (p. 481) review what is known and what is needed to develop a holistic understanding of the role of fire in the Earth system, particularly in view of the pervasive impact of fires and the likelihood that they will become increasingly difficult to control as climate changes. Fire is a worldwide phenomenon that appears in the geological record soon after the appearance of terrestrial plants. Fire influences global ecosystem patterns and processes, including vegetation distribution and structure, the carbon cycle, and climate. Although humans and fire have always coexisted, our capacity to manage fire remains imperfect and may become more difficult in the future as climate change alters fire regimes. This risk is difficult to assess, however, because fires are still poorly represented in global models. Here, we discuss some of the most important issues involved in developing a better understanding of the role of fire in the Earth system.
The Dark Energy Survey

Dark Energy is the dominant constituent of the universe and we have little understanding of it. We describe a new project aimed at measuring the dark energy equation of state parameter, w, to a statistical precision of ~5% with four separate techniques. The survey will image 5000 deg2 in the southern sky and collect 300 million galaxies, 30,000 galaxy clusters, and 2000 Type Ia supernovae. The survey will be carried out using a new 3 deg2 mosaic camera mounted at the prime focus of the 4m Blanco telescope at CTIO.
Yield stability in mulberry over different regions of Eastern and North-Eastern India

The leaf yield performance of 10 mulberry varieties was tested through stability analysis for different crop seasons conducting experiment in seven test centers for 5 years of Eastern and North-Eastern zones of India e.g., Berhampore, Kalimpong, Muluk in West Bengal; Koraput in Orissa; Ranchi in Jharkhand; Jorhat in Assam and Imphal in Manipur over years and it significant genotype × environment (G×E) interaction was observed. Variance for deviation from regression (S di 2 ) of varieties C2017 , RFS 175 and Thalaghatapura did not differ significantly from zero. However, the b i values of only RFS 175 out of these three is not significantly different from unity and may be considered to be a stable variety with moderate leaf yield. While C2017 having b i value significantly higher than unity is suitable for places like Berhampore, Jorhat and Imphal having positive environmental indices, Thalaghatapura having b i value significantly lower than unity is suitable for Koraput, Muluk, Ranchi and Kalimpong with negative environmental indices.
Technetium-99m d,l-HM-PAO: a new radiopharmaceutical for SPECT imaging of regional cerebral blood perfusion.

Following investigation of a large number of new ligands based upon propylene amine oxime (PnAO) the d,l-diastereoisomer of hexamethyl propyleneamine oxime (HM-PAO) was selected as the preferred ligand for 99mTc as a tracer for cerebral perfusion imaging. The neutral, lipophilic 99mTc complex of d,l-HM-PAO was formed in high yield by stannous reduction of 99Mo/99mTc generator eluate using a kit formulation of the ligand. Two minutes following i.v. administration of this complex in rats, 2.25% of the injected dose appears in the brain. Little washout of the tracer is observed up to 24 hr postinjection. By qualitative autoradiographic comparison with iodoantipyrine this new radiopharmaceutical displays blood flow dependent brain uptake with little redistribution of the tracer over time. The lipophilic 99mTc complex converts slowly in vitro to a secondary complex. This conversion process may account for the ability of [99mTc]d,l-HM-PAO to be retained within the brain without redistribution.
Thin Filament Mutations : Developing an Integrative Approach to a Complex Disorder

As described in earlier reviews in this series on the molecular basis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), HCM is one of the archetypal monogenic cardiovascular disorders to be understood at the molecular level. Twenty years after the discovery of the first HCM disease gene, genetic studies still confirm that HCM is principally a disease of the sarcomere. At the biophysical level, myofilament mutations generally enhance Ca sensitivity, maximal force production, and ATPase activity. These defects ultimately appear to converge on energy deficiency and altered Ca handling as major common paths leading to the anatomic (hypertrophy, myofiber disarray, and fibrosis) and functional features (pathological signaling and diastolic dysfunction) characteristic of HCM. In this review, we provide an account of the consequences of HCM mutations and describe how specifically targeting these molecular features has already yielded early promise for novel therapies for HCM. Although substantial efforts are still required to understand the molecular link between HCM mutations and their clinical consequences, HCM endures as an exemplar of how novel insights derived from molecular characterization of Mendelian disorders can inform the understanding of biological processes and translate into rational therapies. (Circ Res. 2011;109:86-96.)
Electric Vehicle Requirements for Operation in Smart Grids

Several European projects on smart grids are considering Electric Vehicles (EVs) as active element in future power systems. Both battery-powered vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles are expected to interact with the grid, sharing their energy storage capacity. Different coordination concepts for EVs are being investigated, in which vehicles can be intelligently charged or discharged feeding power back to the grid in vehicle-to-grid mode (V2G). To respond to such needs, EVs are required to share their battery internal data as well as respond to external control signals. In this paper, the requirements for the interaction of EVs with the electrical grid are presented. The defined requirements have been implemented on an EV test bed, realized by using real EV components. Charging/V2G tests on the EV test bed have shown that the presented requirements are sufficient to ensure an intelligent coordination of EVs into the electricity grid. Index Terms – Electric vehicle, requirements, smart grids, virtual power plant
Dynamics of Marriages and Divorces by Settlements in the Economic Geographic Region of Guba - Khachmaz

In this study, the number of marriages and divorces in the urban-rural populations of the Guba-Khachmaz economic-geographical region and separate administrative districts in 2001-2015 and the number of marriages and divorces in the economic-geographical regions of 2000-2019 were reviewed. Marriage and divorce programs in urban and rural settlements in the economic-geographical region between 1995 and 2019 were compiled and analyzed. In addition, 2019 marriage and divorce rates were handled using the mapping technique. Information on marriage and divorce rates are summarized using tables. As a result of the review study, it can be said that low socio-economic living conditions cause healthy population living in urban and rural areas to migrate to regions and foreign countries. These migration movements also had a negative impact on the demographic indicators of the population living in settlements. As a result, it has been found that the number of marriages in the region has decreased and the divorce rate has increased. In addition, it has been found that new business areas have been created in order to improve the living conditions of the population in the economic and geographical area within the scope of state programs regarding the socio-economic development of the regions that emigrate. However, while this employment of labor resources and the increase in natural population growth affect demographic growth positively, it is still considered to be insufficient.
Datation et caractérisation de processus minéralisateurs à l'Archéen : Application à l'Antimony Line, Ceinture de Roches Vertes de Murchison, Afrique du Sud

Les circulations de fluides dans la croute sont les vecteurs de mobilites elementaires dont une des consequences est la concentration de metaux et la genese de gisements. Ces fluides circulent dans les zones de deformation ou ils modifient la composition des roches encaissantes. Dans la ceinture archeenne de roches vertes de Murchison (Afrique du Sud), l'Antimony Line est une zone deformee qui a ete le siege de circulations de fluides mineralisateurs en Sb-Au. Pour caracteriser les processus mineralisateurs, des donnees petro-geochimiques, en particulier en isotopes stables et inclusions fluides, ont ete associees a la datation multi-methode (U-Th-Pb, Pb-Pb et Ar-Ar) des corps mineralises et de leur encaissant au cœur et autour de l'Antimony Line. L'etude structurale de la region souligne le caractere distribue de la deformation. La ceinture a ainsi subi une phase majeure de collision d'arc, associee a un magmatisme important vers 2.97 Ga, contemporain d'une mineralisation en Au (±Sb) qui pourrait etre responsable d'une phase de pre-enrichissement en Sb. La mineralisation principale en Sb est la consequence de la circulation d'un fluide metamorphique a H2O-CO2, a 2-3 kbar et 350-450°C. L'albitisation de granitoides intrusifs dans l'Antimony Line, datee a 2.8 Ga, est genetiquement liee a cette circulation, laquelle s'inscrit donc dans l'histoire tectono-metamorphique tardive de la ceinture et est contemporaine de la mise en place de leucogranites sur la bordure sud. Ces resultats illustrent la pertinence du couplage petro-geochimie/geochronologie pour la comprehension globale d'un systeme metallogenique.
Relationship between Corporate Environmental Responsibility, employees’ biospheric values and pro-environmental behaviour at work

Many organizations strive for Corporate Environmental Responsibility (CER). This can make organisational processes and procedures more pro-environmental, but does it also promote employees’ pro-environmental behaviour? We reason that CER can encourage employees to act pro-environmentally at work by increasing the likelihood that they consider the environmental consequences of their behaviour. In two studies, we test to what extent CER affects pro-environmental behaviour at work, and whether this depends on the extent to which employees value nature and the environment (i.e., endorse biospheric values). Both studies show that stronger biospheric values and perceived CER are related to more self-reported proenvironmental behaviour at work. Interestingly, the relationship between perceived CER and self-reported pro-environmental behaviour was stronger among those with moderate to weak biospheric values. These results suggest that relative weak biospheric values are less likely to inhibit pro-environmental behaviour at work when employees believe that their organisation aims to realize CER.
Physical and biochemical assessment of Mexican Palo Verde response to chromium toxicity

In this study, a combination of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was used to study the uptake and speciation of chromium in Parkinsonia aculeata, commonly known as Mexican Palo Verde. Plants were treated for 14 days in a modified Hoagland solution containing chromium(III) or chromium(VI) at several concentrations. The results showed that plants treated with 70 mg Cr(III) L and 30 mg Cr(VI) L had similar Cr concentrations in leaves (~200 mg kg dry weight, DW). The results also showed that neither Cr(III) nor Cr(VI) affected the uptake of phosphorus and sulfur. However, the concentration of calcium in the stems of plants treated with Cr(VI) at 40 mg L (about 6000 mg Ca kg DW) was significantly higher compared to the Ca concentration (about 3000 mg kg DW) found in the stems of plants treated with 150 mg Cr(III) L. However, no differences were observed in potassium and magnesium concentrations. The iron concentration (about 1000 mg kg DW) in roots treated with 40 mg Cr(VI) L was similar to the iron concentration found in the roots of plants treated with 110 mg Cr(III) L. The XAS data showed that Cr(VI) was reduced to Cr(III) in/on the plant roots and transported as Cr(III) to the stems and leaves. The XAS studies also showed that Cr(III) within plants was present as an octahedral complex.