Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Interactions between Housing and Neighbourhood Environments for Enhanced Child Wellbeing: The Lived Experience of Parents Living in Areas of High Child Poverty in England, UK

Children’s health can be affected by the interrelated characteristics of the physical and social environment where they live, including housing quality, neighbourhood characteristics and the local community. Following a systems-based approach, this exploratory project sought to understand how the needs and aspirations associated with the home environment can work in synergy with, or be exacerbated by, other aspects of the local area. The study recruited parents of children aged 2–12 years old from two local authorities in England with high levels of child poverty: Tower Hamlets in East London, and Bradford District in West Yorkshire. Thematic analysis of participant interviews highlighted ten themes and opportunities for improvements. The evidence presented in this research emphasises how environmental quality issues within and outside the home, compounded further by delays in repairs and reduction in service standards, as well as affordability issues, are likely to deeply affect the wellbeing of an entire generation of disadvantaged children whose parents can feel disempowered, neglected and often isolated when attempting to tackle various dimensions of inequalities. Interventions which can improve the quality of housing, and access to space and services, are urgently needed, including initiatives to support and empower families and local communities, especially those prioritising opportunities for action.
Decoherence-free preparation of Dicke states of trapped ions by collective stimulated Raman adiabatic passage

We propose a simple technique for the generation of arbitrary-sized Dicke states in a chain of trapped ions. The method uses global addressing of the entire chain by two pairs of delayed but partially overlapping laser pulses to engineer a collective adiabatic passage along a multi-ion dark state. Our technique, which is a many-particle generalization of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP), is decoherence-free with respect to spontaneous emission and robust against moderate fluctuations in the experimental parameters. Furthermore, because the process is very rapid, the effects of heating are almost negligible under realistic experimental conditions. We predict that the overall fidelity of synthesis of a Dicke state involving ten ions sharing two excitations should approach 98% with currently achievable experimental parameters.
Structural and Electronic Effects at the Interface between Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Monolayers (MoS2, WSe2, and Their Lateral Heterojunctions) and Liquid Water

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) can be used as optical energy conversion materials to catalyze the water splitting reaction. A good catalytical performance requires: (i) well-matched semiconductor bandgaps and water redox potential for fluent energy transfer; and (ii) optimal orientation of the water molecules at the interface for kinetically fast chemical reactions. Interactions at the solid–liquid interface can have an important impact on these two factors; most theoretical studies have employed semiconductor-in-vacuum models. In this work, we explored the interface formed by liquid water and different types of TMDCs monolayers (MoS2, WSe2, and their lateral heterojunctions), using a combined molecular dynamics (MD) and density functional theory (DFT) approach. The strong interactions between water and these semiconductors confined the adsorbed water layer presenting structural patterns, with the water molecules well connected to the bulk water through the hydrogen bonding network. Structural fluctuations in the metal chalcogenide bonds during the MD simulations resulted in a 0.2 eV reduction of the band gap of the TMDCs. The results suggest that when designing new TMDC semiconductors, both the surface hydrophobicity and the variation of the bandgaps originating from the water-semiconductor interface, need to be considered.
SPATIAL AND KINEMATIC DISTRIBUTIONS OF TRANSITION POPULATIONS IN INTERMEDIATE REDSHIFT GALAXY CLUSTERS

We analyze the spatial and velocity distributions of confirmed members in five massive clusters of galaxies at intermediate redshift (0.5 < z < 0.9) to investigate the physical processes driving galaxy evolution. Based on spectral classifications derived from broad- and narrow-band photometry, we define four distinct galaxy populations representing different evolutionary stages: red sequence (RS) galaxies, blue cloud (BC) galaxies, green valley (GV) galaxies, and luminous compact blue galaxies (LCBGs). For each galaxy class, we derive the projected spatial and velocity distribution and characterize the degree of subclustering. We find that RS, BC, and GV galaxies in these clusters have similar velocity distributions, but that BC and GV galaxies tend to avoid the core of the two z ≈ 0.55 clusters. GV galaxies exhibit subclustering properties similar to RS galaxies, but their radial velocity distribution is significantly platykurtic compared to the RS galaxies. The absence of GV galaxies in the cluster cores may explain their somewhat prolonged star-formation history. The LCBGs appear to have recently fallen into the cluster based on their larger velocity dispersion, absence from the cores of the clusters, and different radial velocity distribution than the RS galaxies. Both LCBG and BC galaxies show a high degree of subclustering on the smallest scales, leading us to conclude that star formation is likely triggered by galaxy-galaxy interactions during infall into the cluster.
Comparison of the Renal Function Using Two Different Approaches for Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Background: Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) continues to be one of the most common major adverse side effects of cardiac catheterization, and is associated with short- and long-term morbidity and mortality. Since the trans-radial approach to coronary angiography was first reported in 1989, trans-radial access has been used for primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for approximately 20 years. There is a growing perception that, within the setting of intra-arterial procedures, there is a different risk factor for renal involvement when using radial or femoral access, with femoral access leading to the greatest risk because of its proximity to the high flow bed of the renal arteries. This study aimed to compare the degree of renal dysfunction by different indices in trans-radial and trans-femoral primary PCI. Materials and Methods: This study had been conducted in the cardiology department; the National Heart Institute during the period from September 2018 to February 2020. The study included 90 patients admitted to the hospital with acute myocardial infarction and underwent primary PCI either through a femoral or radial with the Cystatin C and serum creatinine measured before and 72 hours of primary PCI. Results: A statistical difference between both groups regarding CIN, with p-value=0.044 was found. There was no statistical difference between both groups after PCI regarding serum creatinine and cystatin C with p-value: 0.723 and 0.439, respectively. Concerning serum urea, there was statistical difference between both groups after PCI in the direction to be more in the radial group: it was 28.46 ± 13.89 mg/dl in femoral group and 30.06 ± 7.99 mg/dl in radial group (p=0.003). However, time to vascular access was easier with femoral group than with radial group with p-value < 0.001. Regarding complications, there were no statistical difference between two groups except for hematoma (p-value=0.026) Conclusion: The study showed significant results according to developing CIN between the two groups which is more in femoral approach. The study showed that serum cystatin C didn’t add value to diagnosis of CIN.
OBSERVATIONS AND MODELING OF RELATIVISTIC SPIN PRECESSION IN PSR J1141−6545

Observations of the binary pulsar PSR J1141−6545 using the Parkes radio telescope over 9.3 yr show clear time variations in pulse width, shape, and polarization. We interpret these variations in terms of relativistic precession of the pulsar spin axis about the total angular momentum vector of the system changing our view of the emission beam. Over those nine years, the pulse width at the 50% level has changed by more than a factor of 3, reaching a maximum value of nearly 13° in early 2007. Large variations have also been observed in the 1400 MHz mean flux density; this reached a peak of ∼20 mJy in mid-2002 but over the past several years has been relatively steady at ∼3 mJy. The pulse polarization has been monitored since 2004 April using digital filterbank systems and also shows large and systematic variations in both linear and circular polarization. Position angle (P.A.) variations, both across the pulse profile and over the data span, are complex, with major differences between the central and outer parts of the pulse profile. We interpret the outer parts as representing the underlying magnetic field and fit the rotating-vector model to these regions. Modeling of the observed P.A. variations by relativistic precession of the pulsar spin axis shows that the spin–orbit misalignment angle is about 110° and that the precessional phase has passed through 180° during the course of our observations. At the start of our observations, the line-of-sight impact parameter was about 4° in magnitude and it reached a minimum very close to 0° around early 2007, consistent with the observed pulse width variations. We have therefore mapped approximately one half of the emission beam, at least out to a radius of about 4°, showing that it is very asymmetric with respect to the magnetic axis. The derived precessional parameters imply that the pre-supernova (pre-SN) star had a mass of about 2 M☉ and that the SN recoil kick velocity was relatively small, between 100 and 250 km s−1, depending on the assumed systemic velocity. With the reversal in the rate of change of the impact parameter, we predict that over the next decade we will see a reversed “replay” of the variations observed in the past decade.
Analysis of Security Issues in Wireless Body Area Networks in Heterogeneous Networks

Body Area Network (BAN) is one of the most important techniques for observing patient health in real time and identifying and analyzing diseases. For effective implementation of this technology in practice and to benefit from it, there are some key issues which are to be addressed, and among those issues, security is highly critical. WBAN will have to operate in a cooperative networking model of multiple networks such as those of homogeneous networks, for the purpose of performance and reliability, or those of heterogeneous networks, for the purpose of data transfer and processing from application point of view, with the other networks such as the networks of hospitals, clinics, medical experts, etc. and the patient himself/herself, who may be moving from one network to another. This paper brings out the issues related to security in WBAN in separate networks as well as in multiple networks. For WBAN working in a separate network, the IEEE 802.15. 6 standard is considered. For WBANs working in multiple networks, especially heterogeneous networks, the security issues are considered. Considering the advancements of artificial intelligence (AI), the paper describes how AI is addressing some challenges faced by WBAN. The paper describes possible approaches which can be taken to address these issues by modeling a security mechanism using various artificial intelligence techniques. The paper proposes game theory with Stackelberg security equilibrium (GTSSE) for modeling security in heterogeneous networks in WBAN and describes the experiments conducted by the authors and the results proving the suitability of the modeling using GTSSE.
Characterisation of the Theileria orientalis Piroplasm Proteome across Three Common Genotypes

Theileria orientalis is an emerging apicomplexan pathogen of cattle occurring in areas populated by the principal vector tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis. Unlike transforming Theileria spp. that induce cancer-like proliferation of lymphocytes via their schizont stage, T. orientalis destroys host erythrocytes during its piroplasm phase resulting in anaemia. The underlying pathogenic processes of T. orientalis infection are poorly understood; consequently, there are no vaccines for prevention of T. orientalis infection and chemotherapeutic options are limited. To identify antigens expressed during the piroplasm phase of T. orientalis, including those which may be useful targets for future therapeutic development, we examined the proteome across three common genotypes of the parasite (Ikeda, Chitose and Buffeli) using preparations of piroplasms purified from bovine blood. A combination of Triton X-114 extraction, one-dimensional electrophoresis and LC-MS/MS identified a total of 1113 proteins across all genotypes, with less than 3% of these representing host-derived proteins. Just over three quarters of T. orientalis proteins (78%) identified were from the aqueous phase of the TX-114 extraction representing cytosolic proteins, with the remaining 22% from the detergent phase, representing membrane-associated proteins. All enzymes involved in glycolysis were expressed, suggesting that this is the major metabolic pathway used during the T. orientalis piroplasm phase. Proteins involved in binding and breakdown of haemoglobin were also identified, suggesting that T. orientalis uses haemoglobin as a source of amino acids. A number of proteins involved in host cell interaction were also identified which may be suitable targets for the development of chemotherapeutics or vaccines.
Ethnobotanical Survey of Plants Used as Biopesticides by Indigenous People of Plateau State, Nigeria

The quest for sustainable health, environmental protection, and the conservation of beneficial organisms makes the use of biopesticides a desirable option. This research aimed to identify the botanicals used in the management of farm and household pests in Plateau State, Nigeria. A cross sectional study was carried out using semi-structured questionnaires and on-the-spot, face-to-face interviews. The main issues captured include the pests, the plants used to manage the pest, the parts used, the cultivation status, the availability, the effects on the pests, the indigenous formulation methods, and the modes of application. The quantitative data were analyzed using the Frequency of Citation (FC), Relative Frequency of Citation RFC (%), and Use Value (UV). A total of 45 plant species belonging to 42 genera, 20 orders, and 30 families were found to be useful in the management of 15 different pests. The FC, RFC (%), and UV values identified the most popularly used plants as Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L.) Kuntze, Gymnanthemum amygdalinum (Delile) Sch.Bip. , Azadirachta indica A. Juss, Canarium schweinfurthii Engl. , Euphorbia unispina N.E. Br. , and Erythrophloem africanum (Benth.) Harms. The plants that showed broad uses by the ethnic groups include Azadirachta indica A. Juss (7 uses), Erythrophloem africanum (Benth.) Harms, Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A. Juss. , and Gymnanthemum amygdalinum (Delile) Sch.Bip. The perception of the respondents indicated that most of the biopesticides are available, affordable, effective, eco-friendly, and safe. This survey provides a pathway for the formulation of stable biopesticides.
Germ Granules in Animal Oogenesis

In eukaryotic cells, many macromolecules are organized as membraneless biomolecular condensates (or biocondensates). Liquid–liquid and liquid–solid phase transitions are the drivers of the condensation process. The absence of membrane borders makes biocondensates very flexible in their composition and functions, which vary in different cells and tissues. Some biocondensates are specific for germ line cells and are, thus, termed germ granules. This review summarizes the recent data on the composition of germ granules and their functions in gametes. According to these data, germ granules are involved in the determination of germline cells in some animals, such as Amphibia. In other animals, such as Mammalia, germ granules are involved in the processes of transposons inactivation and sequestration of mRNA and proteins to temporarily decrease their activity. The new data on germ granules composition and functions sheds light on germ cell differentiation and maturation properties.
Interaction of electrons with spin waves in the bulk and in multilayers (invited)

The exchange interaction between electrons and magnetic spins is considerably enhanced near interfaces, in magnetic multilayers. As a result, a dc current can be used to generate spin oscillations. We review theory and experimental evidence. The s–d exchange interaction causes a rapid precession of itinerant conduction-electron spins s around the localized spins S of magnetic electrons. This s precession has been observed directly [Weber et al., Science 291, 1015 (2001)] with electron beams through Fe, Co, and Ni films. Because of it, the time-averaged interaction torque between s and S vanishes. Thus, electrons do not interact at all with long-wavelength spin waves, in the bulk. An interface between a magnetic layer and a spacer causes a local coherence between the precession phases of different electrons, in a region within 10 nm from the interface [J. C. Slonczewski, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 159, L1 (1996)]; [L. Berger, Phys. Rev. B 54, 9353 (1996)]. Also, a second magnetic layer with pinned S is used to .
Hybrid Clamped Four-Level T-Type Inverter with Capacitor Voltage Self-Balancing

This paper investigates the performance of a new three-phase four-level hybrid clamped T-type inverter $(4\mathrm{L}\mathrm{H}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{T}^{2}\mathrm{I})$ topology with a capacitor voltage self-balancing strategy. The three-phase four-level hybrid T-type inverter is formed by adding a half-bridge module to an existing three-level T-type inverter. Therefore, it only requires fourteen active switches compared to eighteen in other fourlevel inverter topologies. The proposed space vector pulse width modulation (SV-PWMs) for three-phase $4\mathrm{L}-\mathrm{H}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{T}^{2}\mathrm{I}$ can produce four-level output voltages with improved harmonic performance on the ac side for medium to higher modulation indices. The voltage balancing of the DC-link capacitors is achieved by using the concept of virtual vectors created to nullify the effect of neutral currents flowing through the clamping points during the operation of the inverter. The duty ratios of these virtual vectors are further adjusted with the help of a dynamically calculated multiplication factor. The configuration is verified using MATLAB/SIMULINK and compared with the other three-level and four-level topologies in terms of total harmonic distortion (THD) and power Losses.
Differential interferometry of QSO broad-line regions – I. Improving the reverberation mapping model fits and black hole mass estimates

Reverberation mapping (RM) estimates the size and kinematics of broad-line regions (BLR) in quasars and type I AGNs. It yields size–luminosity relation to make QSOs standard cosmological candles, and mass–luminosity relation to study the evolution of black holes and galaxies. The accuracy of these relations is limited by the unknown geometry of the BLR clouds distribution and velocities. We analyse the independent BLR structure constraints given by super-resolving differential interferometry. We developed a three-dimensional BLR model to compute all differential interferometry and RM signals. We extrapolate realistic noises from our successful observations of the QSO 3C 273 with AMBER on the VLTI. These signals and noises quantify the differential interferometry capacity to discriminate and measure BLR parameters including angular size, thickness, spatial distribution of clouds, local-to-global and radial-to-rotation velocity ratios, and finally central black hole mass and BLR distance. A Markov Chain Monte Carlo model-fit, of data simulated for various VLTI instruments, gives mass accuracies between 0.06 and 0.13? dex, to be compared to 0.44? dex for RM mass–luminosity fits. We evaluate the number of QSOs accessible to observe with current (AMBER), upcoming (GRAVITY) and possible (OASIS with new generation fringe trackers) VLTI instruments. With available technology, the VLTI could resolve more than 60 BLRs, with a luminosity range larger than four decades, sufficient for a good calibration of RM mass–luminosity laws, from an analysis of the variation of BLR parameters with luminosity.
Optical Sources, Detectors, and Systems: Fundamentals and Applications

(Chapter Headings): Blackbody Radiation, Image Plane Intensity, and Units. Interaction of Radiation with Matter. Absorption, Emission, and Lasers. The Semiconductor Laser. The Ideal Photon Detector and Noise Limitations on Optical Signal Measurement. Real Detectors Vacuum Photodiode and Photomultiplier, Photoconductor, Junction Photodiode, Avalanche Photodiode. Heterodyne or Coherent Detection and Optical Amplification. Systems I: Radiometry, Communications, and Radar. SystemsII: Imaging. References. Appendix: Problem Solutions. References. Subject Index.
Effects of Sport-Based Exercise Interventions on Executive Function in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Exercise programs of moderate-to-vigorous intensity have been shown to improve the cognitive performance of older people. However, the specific effects of sports-based exercise programs on cognitive performance, particularly executive functions, remain unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to clarify the effects of sports-based exercise programs on executive functions in older adults using a systematic review and meta-analysis of the scientific literature. A systematic review was conducted between 1 March and 1 July 2022, to look for published scientific evidence that analyzed different sports programs that may have affected executive function in healthy older adults. Longitudinal studies, which assessed the effects of sports interventions on healthy older adults, were identified through a systematic search of the four principal electronic databases: Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCO. A total of nine studies with a total of 398 subjects met the inclusion criteria and were classified based on one or more of the following categories: working memory, inhibition, and cognitive flexibility. The DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model was performed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software to facilitate the analysis of the studies. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. In terms of working memory, a small but positive significant effect was noted for the intervention group compared to the control group (effect size (ES) = 0.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.04–0.67; p = 0.029; I2 = 36.7%); in terms of inhibition, the intervention had a small favoring but no significant effect compared to the control group (ES = 0.20, 95% CI = −0.42–0.84; p = 0.517; I2 = 78.8%); and in terms of cognitive flexibility, the intervention had a small favoring but no significant effect compared to the control group (ES = 0.39, 95% CI = −0.11–0.89; p = 0.131; I2 = 75.5%). Our findings suggest that healthy older adults should be encouraged to participate in sports to improve their working memory; however, more studies are required in this area to reach more robust conclusions. This systematic review was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (registration number: CRD42022284788).