Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ground through on-orbit transfer of the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90): radiometeric scale using the CERES thermistor bolometers and built-in flight calibration systems

The Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES thermistor bolometers were calibrated using filtered radiances, characterized on an International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90) derived absolute radiometric scale. Longwave filtered radiances were characterized using the optical and geometric surface properties of the reference Narrow-Field-of-View Blackbody (NFBB), the NFBB temperature measurements from the ITS-90 calibrated platinum resistance thermometers (PRT) embedded in the blackbodies, and the spectral responses of the CERES bolometers. Shortwave filtered radiances were characterized using the cryogenically-cooled Transfer Active Cavity Radiometer (TACR) which was an ITS-90 transfer standard, and using the spectral responses of the bolometers. In ground vacuum facilities, the ITS-90, temperature-based radiometric scale was transferred to the CERES bolometers. As ITS-90 transfer standards, the bolometers were used to characterize the emitted filtered radiances from in-flight systems: (1) the internal calibration module (ICM) which consisted of anodized aluminum blackbodies and tungsten lamp sources; and (2) mirror attenuator mosaic (MAM) which was an aluminum solar diffuser plate, built into the bolometer instrumentation. From the ground [October 1995] through the on-orbit phases [December 1998 - July 1999] of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Spacecraft CERES instrument mission, the stabilities of the bolometer's responses were assessed from periodical observations of the in-flight calibration systems radiances. Each CERES instrument package consisted of broadband shortwave [0.3 micrometer to 5.0 micrometer], broadband total [0.3 micrometer to greater than 100 micrometer], and narrowband window [8 micrometer and 12 micrometer], scanning thermistor bolometer sensor units; and of in-flight calibration systems. Between the ground and initial on-orbit calibrations, the TRMM CERES bolometers and the built-in, flight calibration system sources maintained their filtered radiance measurement ties to ITS-90 at the plus or minus 0.2 Wm-2sr-1 precision level. On-orbit calibration studies indicate that the radiance measurements were stable at the plus or minus 0.2 Wm-2sr-1 precision level. The ground and on- orbit calibration results are presented and discussed.
Pay transparency, job turnover intentions and the mediating role of perceived organizational support and organizational justice

PurposeDespite widespread media attention and growing interest from researchers, pay transparency remains an under-studied field of research and its impact on organizational outcomes like job turnover is not well understood. This study explores the impact of pay transparency on job turnover intentions through the mediating effect of perceived organizational support (POS) and organizational justice.Design/methodology/approachData from quantitative surveys conducted with 299 employees at four South African organizations with different pay transparency practices were used to test the conceptual model of pay transparency impacting job turnover intentions through the mediators of POS and organizational justice.FindingsThe authors found a weak negative relationship between pay transparency and job turnover intentions and the role of the mediating variables was confirmed. Unexpectedly, the role of the organization emerged as a key variable. Controlling for organization type showed that the direct effect of pay transparency on turnover intentions became insignificant, indicating a stronger effect from organizational factors, of which pay transparency practices are just one.Originality/valueIdentifying a contextual (organizational) dimension to pay transparency practices extends the understanding of this concept and has implications for practice. The study also makes a methodological contribution by demonstrating the value of linking respondent data to a particular organization when researching pay transparency.
Quark-quark interaction and the nonrelativistic quark model

This Letter demonstrates that the nonrelativistic approximation breaks down for the lighter hadrons with the conventional qq one-gluon exchange potential. This is mainly due to the Coulomb and the short-range hyperfine interactions. To overcome this difficulty, some phenomenological interactions with a long-range spin dependence are proposed. The validity of treating the spin-dependent term as a perturbation is examined.
Assessment of accumulated fatigue damage in solid plates using nonlinear Lamb wave approach

The feasibility of using the nonlinear effect of primary Lamb wave propagation for assessing accumulated fatigue damage in solid plates is theoretically analyzed. After the aluminum sheets are subjected to tension-tension fatigue loading for different numbers of loading cycles, they are subjected to ultrasonic tests near the driving frequency where Lamb waves have a strong nonlinearity. This is followed by the measurement of the amplitude-frequency curves for second harmonics of the considered Lamb waves. The experimental results show that the effect of second-harmonic generation by Lamb wave propagation is very sensitive to the accumulation of fatigue damage of solid plates.
Comet Bowell (1980b)

Optical filter photometry, and optical and ultraviolet spectrophotometry data collected between November 1980 and June 1982 of Comet Bowell are presented. It was determined that Comet Bowell began producing significant amounts of OH, though not other species, before perihelion at a heliocentric distance near 4.6 AU. As the comet approached perihelion at 3.4 AU, OH production decreased and CN and C2 species were detected at normal concentrations. An outburst in April 1982 was dominated by OH. The grains in 1982 near perihelion showed increases in albedo between 3150 and 4500 A and 1.2 and 1.6 microns. The presence of two grains populations was suggested, together with the conclusion that Comet Bowell was physically a typical new comet entering the inner solar system from the Oort cloud for the first time.
Shuffled shepherd social optimization based deep learning for rice leaf disease classification and severity percentage prediction

The earlier diagnosis and classification of plant diseases has the ability to control the spread of illnesses on a variety of crops with the aim of improving crop quality and yield. The automatic system effectively recognizes the plant diseases at less error and cost without the interpretation of farm specialists. In this article, shuffled shepherd social optimization‐based deep learning (SSSO‐based deep learning) technique is developed to classify rice leaf disease and severity percentage prediction. The classification is carried out using deep maxout network and the severity percentage prediction is performed using deep LSTM. The training of both deep learning techniques is achieved using developed SSSO algorithm, which is the combination of shuffled shepherd optimization algorithm (SSOA) and social optimization algorithm. The proposed technique achieved maximum accuracy, sensitivity, specificity of 0.926, 0.935, 0.892, and minimum mean square error, and root mean square error of 0.106, and 0.326. The accuracy of the implemented approach is 7.24%, 5.29%, 4%, and 2.81% improved than the existing techniques, like bacterial leaf streak‐based UNet (BLSNet), multilayer maxout, resistance spot welding‐based deep recurrent neural network (RSW‐based deep RNN), and rider Henry gas solubility optimization_deep neuro fuzzy network (RHGSO_DNFN) + deep LSTM.
Hintikka Jaakko. Knowledge and belief. An introduction to the logic of the two notions . Cornell University Press, Ithaca, N.Y., 1962, x + 179 pp.

Aristotle, according to Ockham, upheld the universality of the principle of bivalence, even for future contingent propositions, but denied that the truth-values of a pair of contradictory contingent propositions of future tense could be determinately assigned. According to the Christian faith, however, God knows presently (and eternally) which of the contradictories is true, and since nihil scitur nisi verutn, this theological truth entails the conclusion that a future contingent proposition has determinate truth-value when stated. Ockham accepts this conclusion, but he rejects the argument, suggested by Aristotle's discussion in De interpretations 9, that determinate truth of a predictive statement entails that the predicted event is necessary. Though it is necessary that whatever God knows is true, and that what is true is known to God, it does not follow from this that what God knows is necessary. Similarly, the proposition "N(P is true -*-/>)" does not entail the proposition "P is true ->• N(p). " Hence divine foreknowledge of future contingents does not destroy their contingency; nor, according to Ockham, does God's will that a future event shall happen destroy the contingency of that event, or of the proposition predicting that event. I t is necessary that if God wills p, then p; but this is not equivalent to the proposition that if God wills p, then N(p), because this consequence would follow only if it were also supposed that it is necessary that God wills p, which is to be denied by the Christian as incompatible with the doctrine of the freedom of God's will. How God is able to know the truth or falsity of future contingent propositions, in advance of the event, is a question Ockham does not attempt to answer; but that such propositions are determinately true or false he does maintain, as a consequence entailed by the doctrine of divine omniscience; and that such determinate truth or falsity is compatible with the contingency of the propositions, he also asserts, not only on the theological ground of the freedom of God's will, but on the logical ground that the necessitas consequentiae does not entail the necessitas consequentis. ERNEST A. MOODY
Frequency analysis of functionally graded material cylindrical shells with various volume fraction laws

Abstract In the current paper a frequency analysis is performed for functionally graded material (FGM) circular cylindrical shells. A comparative study of shell frequencies is given for algebraic polynomial, exponential, and trigonometric volume fraction laws. An FGM shell considered here is structured from two materials. Love's thin shell theory is utilized for strain-displacement and curvature-displacement relations. The Rayleigh-Ritz method is employed to derive the frequency equation in the form of eigenvalue problem. Natural frequencies are evaluated for a shell with simply supported edge conditions. The axial modal dependence is approximated by circular trigonometric functions. Theoretical results are compared with those available in the literature for the validity of the present methodology.
Applicability of new proposed criteria for iron deficiency in Japanese patients with heart failure

Iron deficiency (ID) is a common co‐morbidity in patients with heart failure (HF). A recent study showed that ID defined by the current guideline criteria was not associated with worse clinical outcomes, and new ID criteria was proposed in patients with HF. However, the external applicability of the new proposed criteria is unclear. We sought to investigate the applicability of the proposed ID criteria in Japanese patients with HF.
Colistin Resistance and Management of Drug Resistant Infections

Colistin resistance is a globalized sensible issue because it has been considered a drug of the last-line resort to treat drug-resistant bacterial infections. The product of the mobilized colistin resistance (mcr) gene and its variants are the significant causes of colistin resistance, which is emerging due to the frequent colistin use in veterinary, and these genes circulate among the bacterial community. Apart from mcr genes, some other intrinsic genes and proteins are also involved in colistin resistance. Researchers focus on the most advanced genomics (whole genome sequencing), proteomics, and bioinformatics approaches to explore the question of colistin resistance. To combat colistin resistance, researchers developed various strategies such as the development of newer drugs, the repurposing of existing drugs, combinatorial treatment by colistin with other drugs, a nano-based approach, photodynamic therapy, a CRISPRi-based strategy, and a phage-based strategy. In this timeline review, we have discussed the development of colistin resistance and its management in developing countries.
E-sport related intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in practice. Initial psychometric properties of the “E-sport and ME” questionnaire

Background. The popularity of eSports is rapidly increasing, and PC gamers are watched by crowds of spectators similarly to traditional sports. The aim. E-Sport and ME questionnaire was created to assess motivation for playing video games and competing in tournaments. Material and methods. The theoretical background was grounded in self-determination theory (SDT). The results of 203 men aged 14 to 33 years (M = 20.4; SD = 3.4) were studied. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA and CFA) were conducted. Results. Both EFA and CFA indicated two solid factors: extrinsic and intrinsic motivation [Comparative Fit Index = 0.995, Tucker Lewis Index = 0.994, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.046 (CI 0.00 – 0.08), Standardized Root Mean Square Residual = 0.075 (χ2 = 64.16, df = 53)]. Both scales had a high level of internal consistency (> α = 0.8). Respondents from professional e-sports clubs have higher extrinsic motivation than amateurs; intrinsic motivation takes place on similar level. Conclusions. The statistical analysis of e-sport and myself revealed a high level of internal consistency as well as the identification of two distinct factors. This could aid coaches and players in outlining the dominant type of motivation for playing video games. The shown version should be further explored and validated to increase its generalizability.
The effects of evolution on the stability of competing species

Based on evolutionary game theory and Darwinian evolution, we propose and study discrete-time competition models of two species where at least one species has an evolving trait that affects their intra-specific, but not their inter-specific competition coefficients. By using perturbation theory, and the theory of the limiting equations of non-autonomous discrete dynamical systems, we obtain global stability results. Our theoretical results indicate that evolution may promote and/or suppress the stability of the coexistence equilibrium depending on the environment. This relies crucially on the speed of evolution and on how the intra-specific competition coefficient depends on the evolving trait. In general, equilibrium destabilization occurs when , when the speed of evolution is sufficiently slow. In this case, we conclude that evolution selects against complex dynamics. However, when evolution proceeds at a faster pace, destabilization can occur when . In this case, if the competition coefficient is highly sensitive to changes in the trait v, destabilization and complex dynamics occur. Moreover, destabilization may lead to either a period-doubling bifurcation, as in the non-evolutionary Ricker equation, or to a Neimark-Sacker bifurcation.
Factors Influencing Adherence to Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation among Pregnant Women attending Antenatal Care in Rubanda District, South Western-Uganda

Purpose: Globally, about 40% of pregnant women have anemia. Pregnant women are at high risk of iron and folic acid deficiency anemia due to increased nutrient requirement during pregnancy. Iron/folic acid supplementation with optimal adherence is the main cost-effective strategy for prevention of iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women. However, there remains poor adherence to iron and folic acid supplementation in pregnancy in many countries especially low-income countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of adherence and the factors influencing adherence to iron and folic acid supplementation among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Rubanda District, south Western-Uganda. Methodology: A multi-Health facility based observational and descriptive cross-sectional study was done. One hundred seventy two (172) pregnant mothers attending antenatal clinic in six selected health facilities in Rubanda District were enrolled in this study from December 2021 to March 2022. The interviewer administered questionnaire was used to study the participant characteristics and logistic regression was used to identify the factors influencing adherence to iron and folic acid supplements. Findings: Majority of women were aged between 20-29 years (57.56%), married (94.77%) and unemployed (80.23%). More than half of the respondents (62.21%, 95% CI 54.89%-69.53%) had taken at least 80% of the prescribed iron and folic acid tablets. This reflected good adherence level. Factors independently influencing adherence included maternal age below 20 years (aOR 3.83, 95% CI 1.12-13.08, p-value 0.032), age between 20-29 years (aOR=4.86, 95%CI: 2.03-11.63, p value <0.001), adherence partner (aOR=2.82, 95%CI: 1.34-5.91, pvalue <0.001) and being counselled on importance of iron and folic acid tablets (aOR=4.42, 95%CI: 2.08-9.42, p-value <0.001). Recommendations: Intensive counselling during antenatal care about the importance of iron and folic acid supplements should be done on a daily basis with particular attention to women aged 30 years and above.
Disparate soil textures as a native medium for As(V) and Pb(II) separation from aqueous systems

This study investigated the use of different natural raw soil materials as low-cost adsorbents for the removal to remove As(V) and Pb(II) from aqueous systems. It deals with the effect of different soil textures, sandy loam, loam, and loamy sand, on adsorption efficiency. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to carry out the comprehensive characterization of materials, as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD)
Assessment of lymph node metastasis of ≤20 mm non‐small cell lung cancer originating from superior segment compared to basal segment

Segmentectomy with curative intention is occasionally performed for early non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, a major problem has been pointed out, in that the rate of locoregional recurrence is higher after segmentectomy than after lobectomy. This study aimed to investigate differences in rates of lymph node metastasis between segment 6 and basal segment NSCLC as potential candidates for segmentectomy and to explore factors associated with locoregional recurrence of segmentectomy.
Towards evolutionary predictions: Current promises and challenges

Evolution has traditionally been a historical and descriptive science, and predicting future evolutionary processes has long been considered impossible. However, evolutionary predictions are increasingly being developed and used in medicine, agriculture, biotechnology and conservation biology. Evolutionary predictions may be used for different purposes, such as to prepare for the future, to try and change the course of evolution or to determine how well we understand evolutionary processes. Similarly, the exact aspect of the evolved population that we want to predict may also differ. For example, we could try to predict which genotype will dominate, the fitness of the population or the extinction probability of a population. In addition, there are many uses of evolutionary predictions that may not always be recognized as such. The main goal of this review is to increase awareness of methods and data in different research fields by showing the breadth of situations in which evolutionary predictions are made. We describe how diverse evolutionary predictions share a common structure described by the predictive scope, time scale and precision. Then, by using examples ranging from SARS‐CoV2 and influenza to CRISPR‐based gene drives and sustainable product formation in biotechnology, we discuss the methods for predicting evolution, the factors that affect predictability and how predictions can be used to prevent evolution in undesirable directions or to promote beneficial evolution (i.e. evolutionary control). We hope that this review will stimulate collaboration between fields by establishing a common language for evolutionary predictions.
Detection of partially filled gaps

Decrements in broadband noise stimuli were produced by changing the intensity of the noise for a brief interval. As the duration of the interval increases, less change in level is needed to detect the alteration. One can interpret these experiments as probing the impulse response of the auditory temporal mechanism in the manner suggested by Buunen and van Valkenburg [Jr. Acoust. Soc. Am. 65, 534–537 (1979)]. Unlike their results, our measurements are well fit by an exponential function with a short (8–10 ms) time constant. Our results are consistent with the model proposed by Viemeister [Jr. Acoust. Soc. Am. 66, 1364–1380 (1979)] to explain his results obtained with the modulation transfer function (MTF). Direct measurement of the modulation transfer function for these same listeners indicates good agreement between the time constant measured in the gap experiment and the low‐pass break point measured in the MTF. We also explored increments in the noise stimuli instead of decrements. The data show symmetr.
Flipping a Calculus Class: One Instructor’s Experience

Abstract This paper describes one instructor’s experiences during a year of flipping four calculus classes. The first exploration attempts to understand student expectations of a math class and their preference towards a flipped classroom. The second examines success of students from a flipped classroom, and the last investigates relationships with student success and learning style and between personality and classroom style preference. The intent of the paper is to share experiences and provide advice for those who are considering flipping.
Discordant pattern between realised and fundamental saline niches in two supralittoral Ochthebius species (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae)

Determining the saline niche of the congeneric and co‐existing species that inhabit supralittoral rockpools subjected to extremely fluctuating saline conditions is a crucial concern to understand their spatial distributions and occurrence, and to predict their ability to face increasing environmental instability due to climate change. Therefore, we compared the realised and fundamental saline niches of Ochthebius quadricollis and Ochthebius lejolisii (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae) on the Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula. A realised niche was determined using field data on the abundance of the adults and larvae of both species. A fundamental niche was addressed with laboratory experiments by measuring the survival of the adults and larvae and the egg‐hatching success exposed to different salinity treatments (35, 60, 90, 110, 140 and 170 g L−1). Our study found a discordant pattern between realised and fundamental niches. Both species are euryhalines and support extreme salinity fluctuations from 1.80 to almost 140 g L−1, and O. quadricollis larvae in the field withstand up to 180 g L−1. However, physiological tolerance was greater in O. lejolisii than in O. quadricollis, and O. lejolissi adults survived in the laboratory at 170 g L−1 for more than 3 days with 30% egg‐hatching success, whereas O. quadricollis showed a maximum survival time of 2 days and no egg‐hatching success at that salinity. The larvae and eggs of both species were more tolerant than adults. The two studied species exhibited high physiological capacity to tolerate extremely fluctuating salinity, which will be exacerbated by climate change.