Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tree Algorithms in Wavelet Approximations by Helmholtz Potential Operators

Abstract By means of the limit and jump relations of classical potential theory with respect to the Helmholtz equation a wavelet approach is established on a regular surface. The multiscale procedure is constructed in such a way that the emerging potential kernels act as scaling functions, wavelets are defined via a canonical refinement equation. A tree algorithm for fast computation of a function discretely given on a regular surface is developed based on numerical integration rules. By virtue of the tree algorithm, an efficient numerical method for the solution of Fredholm integral equations involving boundary-value problems of the Helmholtz equation corresponding to (general) regular (boundary) surfaces is discussed in more detail.
A unified adaptive oculomotor control model

In order to understand mechanisms of oculomotor control systems, an oculomotor model based on eye's anatomical structure and physiological mechanism is developed. In this model, various types of eye movements are considered, and two learning systems, one based on adaptive characteristics of flocculus and the other on vestibular nuclei's are developed. The role of neural paths from ocular muscle stretch receptors into flocculus, which were thought to not contribute in eye movement, is discussed in detail from the viewpoint of system control engineering. The experimental results through simulation show good control performance of the proposed model. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A study of tribo-charge/emission at the head–disk interface

The tribo-current/voltage buildup at head-disk interface during take-off and flying at the landing zone was measured with an electrometer in conjunction with the measurement of acoustic emission. Effects of various parameters including airbearing designs on head, media texture, lubricant and carbon overcoat on the tribo-emission/charge were investigated. It was found that the intensity of tribo-emission/charge increases with the severity of head–disk interactions (generation of charge), and decreases with the conductivity of the carbon overcoat on disks (charge dissipation). There was a marked effect of relative humidity on the measurements for a given head-disk combination. The reasons for the results are discussed.
Data assimilation of MODIS and TM observations into CERES-Maize model to estimate regional maize yield

Accurate and real-time estimation of crop yield over large areas is critical for many applications such as crop management, and agricultural management decision-making. This study presents a scheme to assimilate multi-temporal MODIS and Landsat TM reflectance data into the CERES-Maize crop growth model which is coupled with the radiative transfer model SAIL for maize yield estimation. We extract the directional reflectance data of MODIS subpixels corresponding to pure maize conditions with the objective to increase time series observations at the TM scale. The variables to be assimilated were chosen by conducting the sensitivity analysis on the coupled model. The SCE-UA algorithm was applied to determine the optimal set of these sensitive variables. Finally the maize yields maps were produced at TM scale with the coupled assimilation model. The proposed scheme was applied over Yushu County located in Jilin province of Northeast China and validated by using field yield measurement dataset during the maize growing season in 2007. The measurement data include the species of planting maize, soil type and fertility, field observed leaf, canopy and soil reflectance data etc. Furthermore, yield data were gained in specially designed experimental campaigns. The validation results indicate that the yield estimation scheme using multiple remote sensing data assimilation is very promising. The accuracy of TM yield map produced by adding time series MODIS subpixel information was improved comparing with that only using TM data.
Space-time correlated reaction field: A stochastic dynamical approach to the dielectric continuum

In molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, the continuum description of electrostatic interactions has been based in most cases on the static response of the dielectric continuum. In this work, a time-dependent reaction field expression including stochastic and friction terms is derived in analogy to the generalized Langevin equation involving hydrodynamic interactions. Simulations of water using the extended simple-point charge model have been performed under different boundary conditions. The effects of a time-dependent treatment of the reaction field are demonstrated by comparing the results to those of MD simulations using a static, instantaneous reaction field and of MD simulations employing the Ewald sum. It is shown for the first time that the straight cutoff approach not only leads to a disruption of the time, but also of the spatial correlation of the dipole moment.
Thermal conductivity of zigzag single-walled carbon nanotubes: Role of the umklapp process

Considering the three-phonon process, we calculate the thermal conductivity of zigzag tubes. it is raund that thermal conductivity of an isolated (6, 0) single-walled carbon nanotube increases with the increase of temperature at low temperature, and would show a peak behavior at about 85 K before falling off at high temperature. Moreover, thermal conductivity is high for single-walled carbon nanotubes with small diameters as compared to the tubes with large diameters. The thermal conductivity at 300 K is approximately inversely proportional to the tube's diameter.
14.4: Computer‐Generated Hologram of Full Parallax using a White Light Source and LCDs

The reproduction of computer‐generated hologram without slit simulation by white light illumination was realized using LCD instead of holographic film. The system is compact and the reconstructed images include full parallax comparing with the results of rainbow hologram. The experimental results show the possibility for potential application for the real‐time 3D color digital holography.
Effect of molecular interactions on carbon nanotube friction

The mechanical responses of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) under compressive and sliding forces are examined using classical molecular dynamics simulations. Several different types of nanotube systems are considered, including pristine single-walled tubes that are empty, filled with fullerenes to form nanopeapods, and filled with other nanotubes to form multiwalled tubes. In addition, the responses of systems where benzene molecules are introduced between and around the walls of single-walled nanotubes and peapods are considered. The results indicate that the filled CNT bundles can sustain higher compressive forces than the hollow CNT bundles. However, the filled CNT bundle has a similar friction coefficient to the hollow CNT bundles during sliding at low compressive pressures. The simulations further demonstrate the way in which the introduction of additive lubricants influences the friction coefficient of CNT bundles.
Tropical Inversions near the 0°C Level

Abstract Soundings taken from the tropical western Pacific warm pool region during TOGA COARE reveal the common occurrence of temperature and moisture perturbations near the 0°C level. The perturbations frequently are characterized by shallow layers of increased stability (or occasionally temperature inversions) and reversals or inflections in the vertical profile of specific humidity. Similar temperature and moisture inversions have been observed elsewhere in the Tropics and midlatitudes but have not received much attention. Isothermal layers are known to exist just below the melting level in stratiform rain regions; however, not all stable layers observed over the warm pool are confined to precipitation systems. The perturbation in the specific humidity profile accounts for the often-observed double-peak structure in the apparent moisture sink Q2 in tie Tropics. Stratification of the data based on relative humidity criteria indicates that the stable layers near the 0°C level generally fall into two main.
Matrix algorithms for solving the generalized coupled Sylvester and periodic coupled matrix equations

This paper is concerned with numerical solutions to the generalized coupled Sylvester matrix equations { ∑ i = 1 m ( A 1 , i X B 1 , i + C 1 , i Y D 1 , i ) = E 1 ∑ i = 1 m ( A 2 , i X B 2 , i + C 2 , i Y D 2 , i ) = E 2 and the periodic coupled matrix equations { A 1 , t X t B 1 , t + C 1 , t X t + 1 D 1 , t + E 1 , t Y t F 1 , t = G 1 , t , A 2 , t X t B 2 , t + C 2 , t X t + 1 D 2 , t + E 2 , t Y t F 2 , t = G 2 , t , for t = 1 , 2 , … , ϕ which have many applications in several areas, such as control theory, stability theory, signal processing and perturbation analysis. By extending the bi-conjugate gradients (Bi-CG) and bi-conjugate residual (Bi-CR) methods, we obtain effective iterative algorithms for finding the solutions of the generalized coupled Sylvester and periodic coupled matrix equations. In order to compare these new algorithms with some existing methods, we present some numerical examples.
Optimization of the “in‐silico” mate‐pair method improves contiguity and accuracy of genome assembly

Abstract A combination of short‐insert paired‐ended and mate‐pair libraries of large insert sizes is used as a standard method to generate genome assemblies with high contiguity. The third‐generation sequencing techniques also are used to improve the quality of assembled genomes. However, both mate‐pair libraries and the third‐generation libraries require high‐molecular‐weight DNA, making the use of these libraries inappropriate for samples with only degraded DNA. An in silico method that generates mate‐pair libraries using a reference genome was devised for the task of assembling target genomes. Although the contiguity and completeness of assembled genomes were significantly improved by this method, a high level of errors manifested in the assembly, further to which the methods for using reference genomes, was not optimized. Here, we tested different strategies for using reference genomes to generate in silico mate‐pairs. The results showed that using a closely related reference genome from the same genus was more effective than using divergent references. Conservation of in silico mate‐pairs by comparing two references and using those to guide genome assembly reduced the number of misassemblies (18.6%–46.1%) and increased the contiguity of assembled genomes (9.7%–70.7%), while maintaining gene completeness at a level that was either similar or marginally lower than that obtained via the current method. Finally, we developed a pipeline of the optimized in silico method and compared it with another reference‐guided assembler, RagTag. We found that RagTag produced longer scaffolds (17.8 Mbp vs 3.0 Mbp), but resulted in a much higher misassembly rate (85.68%) than our optimized in silico mate‐pair method. This optimized in silico pipeline developed in this study should facilitate further studies on genomics, population genetics, and conservation of endangered species.
TABULAR MULTIPHASE EQUATIONS OF STATE FOR METALS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS

We present a method of interpolation of thermodynamic functions calculated by means of a multiphase equation of state for metals. The method takes into account melting, evaporation and sublimation phase transitions. It can be also applied in metastable regions of phase diagram including those under negative pressures. The method allows one to unambiguously determine the phase state of a given point of phase diagram. Several applications of the tabular multiphase equations of state are considered: simulation of the initial stage of electrical explosion of metal wires, formation of striations, interaction of intense laser pulses with matter etc. Information about phase state in every point of the flux allows us to study phase transition waves, apply different destruction criteria and analyze processes in metastable regions.
Randomized Controlled Study of Self-Managed Music-Guided Exercise Intervention Following Intensive Care

Background Patients who are discharged from the intensive care unit (ICU; termed ICU survivors) often experience persistent physical impairment. Objective The aim of this study was to explore the effects of a self-managed, music-guided exercise intervention on physical outcomes and adherence rates among ICU survivors. Methods A randomized controlled design was used. Following ICU discharge, participants admitted to the ICU for at least 5 days were randomly assigned to a music group (n = 13) or an active control group (n = 13). Activity counts were measured using an Actiwatch, and the physical health score was measured using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System global health subscale. Adherence to exercise was documented daily. Independent t-tests were used for data analysis. Results Data were analyzed for 26 participants. The mean age was 62.8 ± 13.8 years, 53.8% were male, 65.4% were White, and mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation severity of illness score was 59 ± 23.4. Global health physical scores were significantly higher in the music group than in the active control group. Although not significantly different, music group participants tended to be more active and had higher physical activity and adherence rates compared to those in the active control group. Conclusion A self-managed, music-guided exercise intervention demonstrated positive benefits on physical outcomes. Future clinical trials with a larger sample size should be conducted to examine the effects of this tailored, cost-effective, innovative, self-managed exercise intervention among ICU survivors.
Computed optical emissions from a sonoluminescing bubble

A sonoluminescing bubble has been modeled as a thermally conducting, partially ionized plasma. The model is more complete than previous models, due to the inclusion of both plasma and normal molecular thermal conduction, vapor pressure, surface tension, the mixing of gas and water vapor in the bubble, and opacities. The model accounts for most of the observed experimental trends, including (i) the asymmetric pulse shape; (ii) the temperature and driving pressure dependence of the pulse width and intensity; and (iii) spectral shapes, in particular, the 300-nm peak in the spectrum of xenon sonoluminescence, which to our knowledge has not been explained by any previous model; and (iv) a hydrodynamic explanation of why water is the {open_quotes}friendliest{close_quotes} liquid in which sonoluminescence occurs. The agreement between the calculations and the data, as well as the model`s predictions of almost every experimental trend, suggest strongly that the spectral and temporal properties of the emissions of a sonoluminescing bubble are due to adiabatic- or shock-initiated thermal emission from a cool dense plasma. {copyright} {ital 1999} {ital The American Physical Society}
Glycolysis and de novo fatty acid synthesis cooperatively regulate pathological vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching and neointimal hyperplasia

Switching of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from a contractile phenotype to a dedifferentiated (proliferative) phenotype contributes to neointima formation, which has been demonstrated to possess a tumor‐like nature. Dysregulated glucose and lipid metabolism is recognized as a hallmark of tumors but has not thoroughly been elucidated in neointima formation. Here, we investigated the cooperative role of glycolysis and fatty acid synthesis in vascular injury‐induced VSMC dedifferentiation and neointima formation. We found that the expression of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) and its target 6‐phosphofructo‐2‐kinase/fructose‐2,6‐bisphosphatase (PFKFB3), a critical glycolytic enzyme, were induced in the neointimal VSMCs of human stenotic carotid arteries and wire‐injured mouse carotid arteries. HIF‐1α overexpression led to elevated glycolysis and resulted in a decreased contractile phenotype while promoting VSMC proliferation and activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Conversely, silencing Pfkfb3 had the opposite effects. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that glycolysis generates acetyl coenzyme A to fuel de novo fatty acid synthesis and mTORC1 activation. Whole‐transcriptome sequencing analysis confirmed the increased expression of PFKFB3 and fatty acid synthetase (FASN) in dedifferentiated VSMCs. More importantly, FASN upregulation was observed in neointimal VSMCs of human stenotic carotid arteries. Finally, interfering with PFKFB3 or FASN suppressed vascular injury‐induced mTORC1 activation, VSMC dedifferentiation, and neointima formation. Together, this study demonstrated that PFKFB3‐mediated glycolytic reprogramming and FASN‐mediated lipid metabolic reprogramming are distinctive features of VSMC phenotypic switching and could be potential therapeutic targets for treating vascular diseases with neointima formation. © 2023 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
The scattering of phonons by the strain and rotation fields of crystal defects

The scattering of long-wavelength phonons due to the spatial variation of elastic moduli that is produced by the inhomogeneous elastic strain and rotation fields of static crystal defects is calculated in terms of the second- and third-order elastic constants of the undeformed crystal. The present theory is distinguished from those of previous authors by its ability to deal with rotation angles that are not necessarily small, such as those associated with large-angle grain boundaries or macroscopically bent or twisted crystals. For small rotations the classical equations of motion and the second-quantised Hamiltonian obtained by previous authors are rederived and the modifications appropriate to large rotations are discussed. Approximate, but simple, expressions for scattering cross sections, etc., are obtained; these facilitate subsequent calculations of transport coefficients and lead to estimates of lattice thermal resistivities in dislocated crystals that are in good agreement with experiment. Previous theoretical studies of the strain-field scattering problem are reviewed.
‘Like I said about culture. You don't talk about mental health’: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of the experience of first‐episode psychosis in South Asian individuals

There is strong evidence of inequalities in mental healthcare access, experiences and outcomes for service users belonging to Black and Asian Minority Ethnic groups experiencing psychosis. Clinicians and academics have speculated that cultural variation in conceptualisations of psychosis, alongside inequitable service provision may explain disparities. There is, however, a dearth of literature exploring this in a South Asian population, despite this ethnic group being the second largest in the United Kingdom. The present study aimed to explore how people from this minority group have experienced and made sense of first‐episode psychosis (FEP).
prM-reactive antibodies reveal a role for partially mature virions in dengue virus pathogenesis

Significance Cleavage of the flavivirus premembrane (prM) structural protein is an essential, yet inefficient, process during virion maturation. The contribution of partially mature flavivirus virions that retain uncleaved prM to pathogenesis during primary infection is unknown. Newly-generated dengue virus prM-reactive antibodies were characterized using both functional and structural methods. In vivo administration of prM-reactive antibodies modified to be incapable of promoting antibody-dependent enhancement resulted in protection from dengue virus (DENV) infection. Our results establish that in addition to mature forms of DENV, partially mature infectious prM+ virions generated in vivo can also contribute to pathogenesis.
Optical and morphological characterization of TiO2 films doped with silver nanoparticles

Silver-doped titanium dioxide thin films were deposited on glass substrates by the sol-gel process. Undoped films and films doped with 1 mol% AgNO3 were annealed at 100°C for 30 minutes and sintered at 520°C for 1 hour. The optical and morphological properties of the films were analyzed by optical absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Two crystalline phases, anatase and rutile were identified in the films by X-ray diffraction. An absorption band was located at 415 nm which is associated to the surface plasmon resonance of the silver nanoparticles. This spectrum was modelled using the Gans theory considering small silver nanoparticles with diameters of 3 nm and a refractive index lower than that coming from host matrix.
Effect of Nigella sativa L. seed oil on urinary incontinence and quality of life in menopausal women: A triple‐blind randomized controlled trial

Increased urinary incontinence is one of the most common changes during menopause. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Nigella sativa L. seed oil on urinary incontinence and quality of life (QoL) (primary outcomes) and sexual function (secondary outcome) in menopausal women. In this triple‐blind randomized controlled trial, 60 women in Tabriz‐Iran were equally allocated into two treatment and control groups using block randomization. The women applied 2–3 drops of Nigella sativa L. seed oil or placebo on their stomachs below the novel twice a day for 8 weeks. The data collection instruments were completed at baseline and just after the intervention. After intervention, the mean rank score of mixed urinary incontinence was significantly lower (p = .04) and the mean score of the incontinence‐QoL was significantly higher (mean difference 12.63, 95% CI 2.33 to 22.93; p = .017) in the treatment group than the control group. However, there were no significant differences in stress incontinence, urge incontinence, sexual function, and menopause‐specific QoL of women between the groups (p > .05). The results indicated the positive effect of the Nigella sativa L. seed oil on mixed incontinence and incontinence‐QoL; nevertheless, to make a certain conclusion, further studies are required.
Escape from NK cell tumor surveillance by NGFR-induced lipid remodeling in melanoma

Metastatic disease is a major cause of death for patients with melanoma. Melanoma cells can become metastatic not only due to cell-intrinsic plasticity but also due to cancer-induced protumorigenic remodeling of the immune microenvironment. Here, we report that innate immune surveillance by natural killer (NK) cells is bypassed by human melanoma cells expressing the stem cell marker NGFR. Using in vitro and in vivo cytotoxic assays, we show that NGFR protects melanoma cells from NK cell–mediated killing and, furthermore, boosts metastasis formation in a mouse model with adoptively transferred human NK cells. Mechanistically, NGFR leads to down-regulation of NK cell activating ligands and simultaneous up-regulation of the fatty acid stearoyl–coenzyme A desaturase (SCD) in melanoma cells. Notably, pharmacological and small interfering RNA–mediated inhibition of SCD reverted NGFR-induced NK cell evasion in vitro and in vivo. Hence, NGFR orchestrates immune control antagonizing pathways to protect melanoma cells from NK cell clearance, which ultimately favors metastatic disease.
Radiation from Multiple Annular Slots on a Circular Cylindrical Cavity

Electromagnetic radiation from multiple annular slots on a circular cylindrical cavity is investigated. A point source excitation is assumed and the scattered fields are represented with discrete and continuous modes based on eigenfunction expansion. Boundary conditions are enforced to obtain a set of simultaneous equations for discrete modal coefficients. Computations are performed to illustrate the radiation characteristics in terms of slot geometries.