Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A response framework for addressing the risks of climate change for homeless populations

ABSTRACT People experiencing homeless have greater vulnerabilities in relation to climate change that require a range of policy and systems approaches. There are two interrelated areas that policymakers can consider in relation to climate change and homelessness: migration and exposure. This synthesis of the available data and expert opinion provides practical information to policymakers, with specific strategies alongside case examples. The data captured here is through systematic reviews, and expert opinion is generated through input from a year-long series of five virtual think tanks. Throughout this synthesis paper, an emphasis is placed on explicitly addressing homeless populations in the policies and plans designed to address climate change-related impacts. Prevention-oriented plans are shown to be more effective in terms of outcomes and cost-effectiveness compared to the more commonly deployed crisis response models. Another key issue considered is the availability of relevant data with which to target policy responses and evaluate outcomes. Data-driven responses tend to be more successful, though relevant data are, to date, lacking for homeless and other marginalized populations. Moreover, effective policy design in this area needs to be intersectional and inclusive, tailored to the needs of local communities and developed in consultation with lived experience stakeholders, including service providers. Policies that ignore local input tend to fail. Prevention-oriented, culturally-situated, and trauma-informed systems and services hold the greatest promise in responding to the severe health risks and inequities that homeless populations face in the climate crisis. Key policy insights Prevention-oriented measures are key, with most focussing on the availability of affordable housing and upgrading housing and living conditions of vulnerable populations. There is a need to include lived experience and input from local communities, especially when designing measures that will impact livelihoods, such as planned migration. Disaster, crisis response, and aftercare plans need to outline explicit measures for homeless populations. There is a need for cross-sectoral alignment of policy and intervention responses. Successful approaches tend to be culturally-situated and trauma-informed.
Wigner X resolved and photo-reaction cross-section predictions: Improvements for astrophysical calculations

by Ian Bentley Nuclear potential energy surfaces are generated using a micro-macro model. This is done in an automated procedure called AutoTAC which is used to find equilibrium deformation parameters corresponding to an energy minimum. This information will be used as a starting point for nuclear structure calculations with implications that are of astrophysical significance. IBM ζ-χ parameter fits based on energy ratios and transition probabilities are used to determine the ground state shape probability distribution from experimentally measured input. An alternative approach involves mapping fermionic potential energy surfaces on to bosonic space. This can predict the low-lying excitation spectrum as well as the probability distribution of the ground state. The probability distributions can be combined with the dipole strength function calculated using QRPA. The Instantaneous Shape Sampling (ISS) procedure involves adding many weighted strength functions, which is particularly important for the photo-absorption cross-section of transitional nuclei. The linear coefficient in symmetry energy term of nuclei, called the Wigner X, is determined from the experimental binding energies by removing the Coulomb Ian Bentley energy by use of mirror nuclei with corrections for deformation based on additional experimental information. Energy differences are calculated using groups of three nuclei along an isobaric chain in steps of ∆Tz = 2, starting at N u Z. The resulting energy dependence is of the form T (T +X) and appears to involve fluctuations about X = 1 and X = 4. For the strong pairing limit of isovector pairing the dependence should be of the form T (T + 1), which reflects the spontaneous breaking of the isorotational symmetry by the isovector pair field. Correlations generated by the isovector monopole pairing interaction are treated exactly by means of diagonalization for small 6 and 7 level systems. The equilibrium deformation parameters calculated in AutoTAC are used as input. The Wigner X observable is particularly sensitive to the deformation. In midshell regions, theoretically determined deformations are fairly constant and small, whereas experimental values are large and varied. In closed shell regions, where the theoretical deformations appear to be more accurate, the model excellently reproduces the observable. It is shown that allowing for slight adjustments of the experimentally determined deformation parameters will reproduce the large amplitude fluctuations seen experimentally for A ≈ 80. The pairing calculations also allow for comparisons with the energy difference between the even-even and odd-odd mass parabolas to be determined, using the same procedure. The results indicate that the same pairing mechanisms that mediate the pairing gap are also responsible for the Wigner X. For my friends and family.
Physics-based computer simulation of the long-term effects of cardiac regenerative therapies

In this paper, we describe the application of an integrated electromechanics-growth computational model to simulate the long term effects of cardiac regenerative therapies in a left ventricle (LV). The electromechanics-growth model couples biophysically detailed cellular-based laws that describe the short term events occurring in the excitation-contraction coupling process in the cardiomyocytes, to a phenomenological law that describes the long-term process of growth and remodeling in the cardiac tissue. Two clinically relevant phases depicting the progression and subsequent treatment of heart failure were simulated using this model. These phases are namely, (1) the long-term remodeling process induced by a myocardial infarction and (2) the long-term response following regeneration of the infarct. Our model predictions show that the abnormal myofiber strain values surrounding the infarct can drive the post-infarct LV hypertrophy, whereas a subsequent normalization of the myofiber strain after infarct rege.
Solar-Mixer: An Efficient End-to-End Model for Long-Sequence Photovoltaic Power Generation Time Series Forecasting

The expansion of photovoltaic power generation makes photovoltaic power forecasting an essential requirement. With the development of deep learning, more accurate predictions have become possible. This paper proposes an efficient end-to-end model for solar power generation that allows for long-sequence time series forecasting. Two modules comprise the forecasting model: the anomaly detection module and the forecasting module. Singular values are detected and corrected by the anomaly detection module. And in the forecasting module, the series is first divided into different intervals. After that, the divided data is passed through a decomposition module embedded in the neural network, and each interval is encoded as high-dimension vectors. These vectors are fed into the mixing layer, which is used to learn the relationship between intervals and channels after the encoding process. Every mixing layer comprises two different layers: the channel-mixing layer allows communication between different channels, and the interval-mixing layer allows communication between different intervals. This neural network is purely dependent on the multilayer perceptron, resulting in a network with low system latency and low training cost. The experiments results not only show the model proposed in this paper can make accurate long-sequence time series forecasts for photovoltaic power generation at three sites but also show that the model can defeat the state-of-the-art model in long-sequence photovoltaic power generation time series forecasting work.
Comfort and Quality of Life of Older Cardiac Patients: A Crosssectional Study

Objective: A demographic transformation in favor of older people and the incidence of cardiovascular diseases requires considering the concepts of comfort and quality of life in older cardiac patients in all care settings. Thus, these concepts, closely related to the definition of health, conduce determination of the health care needs of older cardiac patients and the development of supportive approaches. The aims of the study were to determine the comfort and quality of life, examine the relationship between them, and to identify factors that affect the comfort and quality of life in older cardiac patients. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in the inpatient cardiology clinic of a university hospital in Bolu. Overall, 209 patients, who met the inclusion criteria, consisted of the sample. The general comfort questionnaire and quality of life index cardiac version-IV were used to collect data. Further analyzes were carried out with multivariate analysis of variance. Results: Comfort and quality of life scores were 16.18±0.82 and 2.97±0.39, respectively. Physical, psycho-spiritual, environmental, and socio-cultural comfort closely correlated with quality of life (p<0.05). Multivariate analysis of variance showed that living place, perception of income status, frequency of hospitalization, dietary adherence, routine health checkup, and dizziness were common covariates of comfort and quality of life (p<0.05). Conclusion: There was a correlation between all dimensions of comfort and quality of life. By improving the variables that affect comfort and quality of life together, patients’ comfort can be provided and their quality of life can be increased.
Frequency and voltage dependence of electric and dielectric properties of Au/TiO2/n-4H-SiC (metal-insulator-semiconductor) type Schottky barrier diodes

The main electrical and dielectric properties of Au/TiO2/n-4H-SiC (MIS) type Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) have been investigated as functions of frequency and applied bias voltage. We believe that the use of high dielectric interfacial layer between metal and semiconductor can improve the performance of Schottky diodes. From the experimental data, both electrical and dielectric parameters were found as strong function of frequency and applied bias voltage. The Fermi energy level (EF), the concentration of doping donor atoms (P), barrier height (ΦB) and series resistance (Rs) values were obtained from reverse and forward bias C–V characteristics. The changes in EF and ND with frequency are considerably low. Therefore, their values were taken at about constant. The real and imaginary parts of dielectric constant ( ε ′ , ε ″ ? > ), tangent loss (tanδ), ac electrical conductivity (σac), and real and imaginary parts of electric modulus (M′ and M″) values were also obtained from reverse and forward bias C–V and G/ω-V characteristics. In addition, the voltage dependent profiles of all these electrical and dielectric parameters were drawn for each frequency. These results confirmed that both electrical and dielectric properties of Au/TiO2/n-4H-SiC (MIS) type SBD are quite sensitive to both the frequency and applied bias voltage due to surface polarization, density distribution of interface traps (Dit), and interfacial layer.
The system for near-real time air pollution monitoring over cities based on the Sentinel-5P satellite data

Introduction. Air pollution heterogeneity and rapid urbanization impose numerous constraints on available near-surface air quality monitoring. The solution for effective warning comes with the integration of different data, including remote sensing. Satellite data cannot answer whether dangerous pollution levels are observed; however, it provides a complete picture and may detect air pollution transportation towards or away from cities. The possibilities for effective near-real time (NRTI) monitoring have significantly improved with the launch of the Sentinel-5P satellite. The study aimed to describe the developed system for NRTI air pollution monitoring over Kharkiv, Kryvyi Rig, Kyiv, and Odesa based on NO2 and CO data derived from the Sentinel-5P satellite. Data and methodology. The NRTI System was developed for tropospheric NO2 and total CO column number densities based on the Sentinel-5P NRTI products. After satellite scanning of Ukrainian territory, the NRTI System goes live in 2-3 hours. It is fully automatic, and modules were written using Python, VB.NET, and batch-scripting. Results. The NRTI System includes four main phases: preparatory, source data downloading, processing and post-processing with visualization, archiving, and result distribution among users. Source data filtering with a quality assurance index and downscaling with linear kriging interpolation were developed. The output of the NRTI System is data in regular grids with a spatial resolution of 0.02o×0.02o. Based on the NRTI System work during October – December 2021, we conducted preliminary analyses to understand the possibilities of data usage. Higher NO2 content was observed in Kyiv and Kharkiv, where traffic emissions play a crucial role in air quality worsening. The use of daily time series allowed the detection of an increase in NO2 variance during the heating season, as well as plume distribution from cities to rural areas due to the prevailing wind. CO content is more homogeneous; however, higher values were observed in industrial Kryvyi Rig and Odesa. It is emphasized the huge impact of shipping CO emissions on air quality in Odesa. The temporal averaging of the NRTI System output allowed us to define the most polluted districts within the cities of interest. We intend to continue developing the presented NRTI System and develop the same algorithms for all cities with populations greater than 500 000 people in order to provide operational air pollution monitoring based on satellite data.
All-silicon tandem solar cells: practical limits for energy conversion and possible routes for improvement

Silicon nanocrystals (Si NCs) embedded in a dielectric matrix is regarded as one of the most promising materials for the third generation photovoltaics, owing to their tunable bandgap that allows fabrication of optimized tandem devices. Previous work has demonstrated fabrication of Si NCs based tandem solar cells by sputter-annealing of thin multi-layers of silicon rich oxide and SiO2. However, these device efficiencies were much lower than expected given that their theoretical values are much higher. Thus, it is necessary to understand the practical conversion efficiency limits for these devices. In this article, practical efficiency limits of Si NC based double junction tandem cells determined by fundamental material properties such as minority carrier, mobility, and lifetime are investigated. The practical conversion efficiency limits for these devices are significantly different from the reported efficiency limits which use Shockley-Queisser assumptions. Results show that the practical efficiency limi.
Fog Computing: Applications, Challenges, and Opportunities

Cloud computing, is a widely accepted utility computing model. All the application processing takes place in the cloud data center managed by the cloud service provider. This includes network latency and delays in processing. Each time the application is executed, data has to be transported from node to the cloud. This will increase network traffic and is practically not feasible to transport data from node to remote cloud server and back. Fog computing, a new paradigm of cloud computing will help in overcoming this challenge. In fog computing technology, the data processing tasks are executed at the node level either completely or partially, which highly increases the speed of responses. Also, it reduces latency, processing costs, and bandwidth problems, and improves the efficiency of customer driver services with better response time. Fog is highly useful in locations where network connectivity is an issue because fog has a separate protocol suite that will support weak network connections. In this article, the various parameters of the fog computing paradigm such as challenges, application, and opportunities are studied and presented
Positive Design Framework for Carer eSupport: Qualitative Study to Support Informal Caregivers of Patients With Head and Neck Cancer in Sweden

Background Informal caregivers of patients with head and neck cancer (HNC), such as the patient’s spouse, other close relatives, or friends, can play an important role in home-based treatment and health care. Research shows that informal caregivers are usually unprepared for this responsibility and need support with taking care of patients and other daily life activities. These circumstances place them in a vulnerable position, and their well-being may be compromised. This study is part of our ongoing project Carer eSupport, which aims to develop a web-based intervention to facilitate informal caregivers in the home environment. Objective This study aimed to explore the situation and context of informal caregivers of patients with HNC and their needs for designing and developing a web-based intervention (Carer eSupport). In addition, we proposed a novel framework for the development of a web-based intervention aimed at promoting the well-being of informal caregivers. Methods Focus groups were conducted with 15 informal caregivers and 13 health care professionals. Both informal caregivers and health care professionals were recruited from 3 university hospitals in Sweden. We adopted a thematic data analysis process to analyze the data. Results We investigated informal caregivers’ needs, critical factors for adoption, and desired functionalities of Carer eSupport. A total of 4 major themes, including information, web-based forum, virtual meeting place, and chatbot, emerged and were discussed by informal caregivers and health care professionals for Carer eSupport. However, most study participants did not like the idea of a chatbot for asking questions and retrieving information and expressed their concerns such as a lack of trust in robotic technologies and missing human contact while communicating with chatbots. The results from the focus groups were discussed through the lens of positive design research approaches. Conclusions This study provided an in-depth understanding of informal caregivers’ contexts and their preferred functions for a web-based intervention (Carer eSupport). Using the theoretical foundation of designing for well-being and positive design in the informal caregiving context, we proposed a positive design framework to support informal caregivers’ well-being. Our proposed framework might be helpful for human-computer interaction and user experience researchers to design meaningful eHealth interventions with a clear focus on users’ well-being and positive emotions, especially for informal caregivers of patients with HNC. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057442
The Parameterization of Radiation for Numerical Weather Prediction and Climate Models

Abstract This paper presents a review of the various methods used to compute both the fluxes and the rate of heating and/or cooling due to atmospheric radiation for use in numerical models of atmospheric circulation. The paper does not follow, step by step, the solution to the relevant radiative transfer problem but rather concentrates on providing the reader with the physical basis underlying the various methods. The paper discusses, separately, the various parameterizations for the absorptions by water vapor, carbon dioxide and ozone and for the scattering and absorption associated with cloud (and hazes) and also provides some indication of their accuracy.
Physiologically vulnerable or resilient? Tropical birds, global warming, and redistributions

Abstract Tropical species are considered to be more threatened by climate change than those of other world regions. This increased sensitivity to warming is thought to stem from the assumptions of low physiological capacity to withstand temperature fluctuations and already living near their limits of heat tolerance under current climatic conditions. For birds, despite thorough documentation of community‐level rearrangements, such as biotic attrition and elevational shifts, there is no consistent evidence of direct physiological sensitivity to warming. In this review, we provide an integrative outlook into the physiological response of tropical birds to thermal variation and their capacity to cope with warming. In short, evidence from the literature suggests that the assumed physiological sensitivity to warming attributed to tropical biotas does not seem to be a fundamental characteristic of tropical birds. Tropical birds do possess the physiological capacities to deal with fluctuating temperatures, including high‐elevation species, and are prepared to withstand elevated levels of heat, even those living in hot and arid environments. However, there are still many unaddressed points that hinder a more complete understanding of the response of tropical birds to warming, such as cooling capacities when exposed to combined gradients of heat and humidity, the response of montane species to heat, and thermoregulation under increased levels of microclimatic stress in disturbed ecosystems. Further research into how populations and species from different ecological contexts handle warming will increase our understanding of current and future community rearrangements in tropical birds.
Planar photonic crystal coupled cavity waveguides

We present absolute transmission measurements of coupled cavity waveguides defined within planar photonic crystals. We investigate a range of cavity types and also vary the spacing between cavities. Modal analysis of the individual cavities reveals the symmetries that determine the coupling between adjacent cavities. Enhanced transmission is demonstrated by modifying the photonic crystal lattice. We highlight the need for correct impedance matching at the waveguide input in order to improve the transmission.
RECTGAUSS-TEX: BLOCK-BASED BACKGROUND SUBTRACTION

This paper presents an approach to background subtraction based on rectangular regions (blocks). The general principle is to successively divide the image into blocks and detect foreground pixels based on the color histogram and the variance between pixels of the blocks. Then, the classic Gaussian Mixture background subtraction method is applied to refine the detected foreground. Results show that this approach reduces false positives by filtering noise coming from small motion as it is based on groups of pixels instead of on individual pixels.
Forecasting with Sufficient Dimension Reductions

Factor models have been successfully employed in summarizing large datasets with few underlying latent factors and in building time series forecasting models for economic variables. When the objective is to forecast a target variable y with a large set of predictors x, the construction of the summary of the xs should be driven by how informative on y it is. Most existing methods first reduce the predictors and then forecast y in independent phases of the modeling process. In this paper we present an alternative and potentially more attractive alternative: summarizing x as it relates to y, so that all the information in the conditional distribution of y|x is preserved. These y-targeted reductions of the predictors are obtained using Sufficient Dimension Reduction techniques. We show in simulations and real data analysis that forecasting models based on sufficient reductions have the potential of significantly improved performance.