Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What River Impacts This Reef?: A Simple Reef Exposure Model

Since land-based pollution is a major cause of decline of reefs, a simple reef exposure model was developed to model and visualise current contaminant exposure to reefs and future management options. Total suspended sediments, dissolved inorganic nitrogen, total phosphorus and herbicides were modelled for the whole Great Barrier Reef coast, using data inputs such as monitored contaminant load, river volume and variability, distance from river to reef, and bearing. Realistic contaminant reductions were used to calculate and visualise management options for the Tully/Murray, Burdekin, Mackay Whitsunday, Fitzroy and Burnett regions, and the results will assist the creation of Water Quality Improvement Plans for those regions.
What is Software Supply Chain Security?

The software supply chain involves a multitude of tools and processes that enable software developers to write, build, and ship applications. Recently, security compromises of tools or processes has led to a surge in proposals to address these issues. However, these proposals commonly overemphasize specific solutions or conflate goals, resulting in unexpected consequences, or unclear positioning and usage. In this paper, we make the case that developing practical solutions is not possible until the community has a holistic view of the security problem; this view must include both the technical and procedural aspects. To this end, we examine three use cases to identify common security goals, and present a goal-oriented taxonomy of existing solutions demonstrating a holistic overview of software supply chain security.
Initial Experience in the Treatment of ‘ ‘ Borderline Resectable ’ ’ Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma §

Introduction: A borderline resectable group (APBR) has recently been defined in adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. The objective of the study is to evaluate the results in the surgical treatment after neoadjuvancy of the APBR. Method: Between 2010 and 2014, we included patients with APBR in a neoadjuvant and surgery protocol, staged by multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). Treatment with chemotherapy was based on gemcitabine and oxaliplatin. Subsequently, MDCT was performed to rule out progression, and 5-FU infusion and concomitant radiotherapy were given. MDCT and resection were performed in absence of progression. A descriptive statistical study was performed, dividing the series into: surgery group (GR group) and progression
gd T-cell reconstitution after HLA-haploidentical hematopoietic transplantation depleted of TCR- ab 1 /CD19 1 lymphocytes

We prospectively assessed functional and phenotypic characteristics of gd T lymphocytes 7 after HLA-haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT) depleted of ab 1 T cells and CD19 1 B cells in 27 children with either malignant or nonmalignant disorders. We demonstrate that (1) gd T cells are the predominant T-cell population in patients during the first weeks after transplantation, being mainly, albeit not only,derivedfromcellsinfusedwiththegraftandexpandinginvivo;(2)central-memorycells predominated very early posttransplantation for both V d 1 and V d 2 subsets; (3) V d 1 cells are specifically expanded in patients experiencing cytomegalovirus reactivation and are more cytotoxic compared with those of children who did not experience reactivation; (4) these subsets display a cytotoxic phenotype and degranulate when challenged with primary acute myeloidandlymphoidleukemiablasts;and (5)V d 2cellsareexpandedin vitroafterexposure to zoledronic acid (ZOL) and efficiently lyse primary lymphoid and myeloid blasts. This is the first detailed characterization of gd T cells emerging in peripheral blood of children afterCD19 1 B-celland ab 1 T-cell–depletedhaplo-HSCT.Ourresultscanbeinstrumentalto the development of clinical trials using ZOL for improving gd T-cell killing capacity against leukemia cells. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials. gov as #NCT01810120. ( Blood 2015;125(15):2349-2358)
The real exchnage rate, foreign aid and macroeconomic transmission mechanisms in Tanzania and Ghana

A BSTRACT A recent study of 36 sub-Saharan African countries found a positive impact of aid in the majority of these countries. However, for Tanzania and Ghana, two major aid recipients, aid did not seem to have been equally beneficial. This study singles out these two countries for a more detailed empirical investigation. The focus is on the effect of aid when allowing external and nominal factors to play a role in the macroeconomic transmission mechanism. We conclude that when monetary and external factors are properly accounted for, then aid has been pivotal to growth in both real GDP and investment.
The hydrology of headwater catchments from the plains to the continental divide, Boulder Creek Watershed, Colorado

Cowie, Rory (M.A. Geography) The Hydrology of Headwater Catchments from the Plains to the Continental Divide, Bolder Creek Watershed, Colorado Thesis directed by Professor Mark W. Williams Isotopic composition of precipitation, snow cover, snow melt, and stream flow were determined in three snow dominated headwater catchments to quantify the spatial variability and processes that alter stable isotope (oxygen-18, O and deuterium, H) composition across an elevational gradient and between open and under canopy environments. Across the three catchments there was no significant difference in δO in precipitation but a significant difference was found within the snow pack and snow melt. Within each of the catchments there was no significant difference in δO in precipitation landing in open and under canopy environments. At the two lowest elevation sites significant differences between open and under canopy snow pack δO were observed but there was no significant differences in δO of snow melt between open and under canopy settings at any location. Additionally, isotopic (δO and H (tritium)) and geochemical (Na, Si, and DOC) tracers were used to investigate residence times, source waters, and flow paths in four headwater catchments along a 2,310 m elevational gradient within the Boulder Creek Watershed. The amount and type of precipitation occurring across the elevational gradient was also produced. Precipitation totals from 2009 ranged from 563 mm at 1800 m to a high of 1214 mm at 3528 m. The precipitation was 85% snow at the highest elevation and only 32% snow at the lowest elevation. Application of a convolution integral to the δO values in precipitation and stream waters produced relatively short mean residence times ranging from 1.12 years in the alpine to
A Multi-parent Hybrid Order and Cost-based Sequential Constructive Crossover of Genetic Algorithm for the Traveling Salesman Problem

We investigate Genetic Algorithm (GA) where multi-parent crossovers are involved to replace the traditional two-parent crossover operation in permutation-based problems. And we propose a new multiple-parent hybrid order and cost-based sequential constructive crossover (MPHOSCX) for the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). More genetic high-quality information is passed on through multiple parents, cost-based crossover ensures the efficiency of the operation. Further, a nearest neighbor inverse operation is used to enhance the overall capability of exploitation. Experimental results confirm the merits of using the multi-parent hybrid crossover. And the comparison results with other multi-parent GA and GAs for TSP demonstrate the superiority of the proposed operators.
Design and development of an assisted communication system, using machine learning and natural language processing, for the detection of fake news on Twitter

Misleading news has always existed in the world, it has become much easier to spread false information in new communication technologies, allowing users to be not only consumers, but also producers of discourses that circulate and that are often of dubious source of information, known as "Fake News" and these have proliferated around the world. Twitter, a social net-work that allows users to read and share information, is not free from this problem and, as it is used as an information tool in Latin American media, the spread of fake news is the order of the day, which is why the use of APIs provides a unique value by allowing the communication of various modules, improving the efficiency of use and reliability of the information, The objective of this research is the creation of an extension that allows the detection of false news at a Hispanic level through its own datasets and machine learning, in turn allowing communication with an order bot that reports the results obtained to the staff in charge, allowing to comply with an efficient flow of assistance.
Macrophages and microglia in inflammation and neuroinflammation underlying different pain states

Abstract Pain is a main symptom in inflammation, and inflammation induces pain via inflammatory mediators acting on nociceptive neurons. Macrophages and microglia are distinct cell types, representing immune cells and glial cells, respectively, but they share similar roles in pain regulation. Macrophages are key regulators of inflammation and pain. Macrophage polarization plays different roles in inducing and resolving pain. Notably, macrophage polarization and phagocytosis can be induced by specialized pro-resolution mediators (SPMs). SPMs also potently inhibit inflammatory and neuropathic pain via immunomodulation and neuromodulation. In this review, we discuss macrophage signaling involved in pain induction and resolution, as well as in maintaining physiological pain. Microglia are macrophage-like cells in the central nervous system (CNS) and drive neuroinflammation and pathological pain in various inflammatory and neurological disorders. Microglia-produced inflammatory cytokines can potently regulate excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission as neuromodulators. We also highlight sex differences in macrophage and microglial signaling in inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Thus, targeting macrophage and microglial signaling in distinct locations via pharmacological approaches, including immunotherapies, and non-pharmacological approaches will help to control chronic inflammation and chronic pain.
N ° 2008-14 Never the same after the first time : The satisfaction of the second-generation self-employed

Previous empirical work has shown that the self-employed are generally more satisfied than salaried workers. This paper contributes to the existing literature in two ways. First, using French data from the ECHP and British data from the BHPS, we investigate the domains over which this differential operates. We show that, after controlling for occupation, self-employed workers are generally more satisfied with working conditions and pay, but less satisfied than employees with respect to job security. We then consider the differences between the firstand second-generation self-employed. The first-generation self-employed (those whose parents were not self-employed) are more satisfied overall than are the second-generation self-employed. We argue that this finding is consistent with the self-employed partly comparing their labor market outcomes with those of their parents, as well as parental transfers which loosen the self-employment participation constraint. This result is found in both pooled and panel analysis.
Experiences Modeling a OPC UA / DDS Gateway in AADL in the Context of Fog Computing

The legacy protocols still used in industrial automation are an obstacle to interoperability. In the meantime, while newer protocols are slowly replacing gateways, they can provide a bridge between new and legacy protocols. The Architecture Analysis & Design Language (AADL) was used in the Fog Computing for Robotics and Industrial Automation (FORA) project to model a Fog Computing Platform (FCP). Part of the FCP is an OPC Unified Architecture (OPC UA) / Data Distribution Service (DDS) gateway. The main goal was to develop an AADL model that allows the creation of platform-specific instances of such a gateway and the creation of other gateways. While the gateway model is incomplete, it formed the basis for several gateway prototypes. Challenges included complex data structures and tooling issues related to code generation. Nevertheless, the experiences with the AADL modeling of the gateway and the FCP were positive overall.
Universal distribution of random matrix eigenvalues near the “ birth of a cut ” transition

We study the eigenvalue distribution of a random matrix, at a transition where a new connected component of the eigenvalue density support appears away from other connected components. Unlike previously studied critical points, which correspond to rational singularities ρ(x) ∼ x classified by conformal minimal models and integrable hierarchies, this transition shows logarithmic and non-analytical behaviours. There is no critical exponent, instead, the power of N changes in a saw teeth behaviour.
Children’s Reasoning About Empathy and Social Relationships

Abstract Across the lifespan, empathic and counter-empathic emotions are shaped by social relationships. Here we test the hypothesis that this connection is encoded in children’s intuitive theory of psychology, allowing them to predict when others will feel empathy versus counter-empathy and to use vicarious emotion information to infer relationships. We asked 4- to 7-year-old children (N = 79) to make emotion predictions or relationship inferences in response to stories featuring two characters, an experiencer and an observer, and either a positive or negative outcome for the experiencer. In the context of positive outcomes, we found that children engaged in robust joint reasoning about relationships and vicarious emotions. When given information about the characters’ relationship, children predicted empathy from a friendly observer and counter-empathy from a rival observer. When given information about the observer’s response to the experiencer, children inferred positive and negative relationships from empathic and counter-empathic responses, respectively. In the context of negative outcomes, children predicted that both friendly and rival observers would feel empathy toward the experiencer, but they still used information about empathic versus counter-empathic responses to infer relationship status. Our results suggest that young children in the US have a blanket expectation of empathic concern in response to negative outcomes, but otherwise expect and infer that vicarious emotions are connected to social relationships. Future research should investigate if children use this understanding to select social partners, evaluate their own relationships, or decide when to express empathy toward others.
Distinct pathway-based effects of blood pressure and body mass index on cardiovascular traits: comparison of novel Mendelian Randomization approaches

Background: Mendelian randomization (MR) leverages genetic variants as instrumental variables to determine causal relationships in epidemiology. However, challenges persist due to heterogeneity arising from horizontal pleiotropy. On the other hand, exploration of the biological underpinnings of such heterogeneity across variants can enhance our understanding of disease mechanisms and inform therapeutic strategies. Here, we introduce a new approach to instrument partitioning based on enrichment of Mendelian disease categories and compare it to a method based on genetic colocalisation in contrasting tissues. Methods: We employed one-sample and two-sample MR methodologies using blood pressure (BP) exposure SNPs grouped by proximity to Mendelian disease genes affecting the renal system or vasculature, or body mass index (BMI) variants related to mental health and metabolic Mendelian disorders. We then compared the causal effects of Mendelian-partitioned SNPs on cardiometabolic outcomes with subsets inferred from gene expression colocalisation in kidney, artery (for BP), adipose, and brain tissues (for BMI). Additionally, we assessed whether effects from these groupings could emerge by chance using random SNP subset sampling. Results: Our findings suggest that the causal relationship between systolic BP and coronary heart disease is predominantly driven by SNPs associated with vessel-related Mendelian diseases over renal. However, kidney-oriented SNPs showed more pronounced effect size in the colocalization-based analysis, hinting at a multifaceted interplay between pathways in the disease aetiology. We consistently identified a dominant role of Mendelian vessel and coloc artery exposures in driving the negative effect of diastolic BP on left ventricular stroke volume and positive effect of systolic BP on type 2 diabetes. We also found higher causal estimates for metabolic versus mental health SNPs when dissecting BMI pathway contribution to atrial fibrillation risk using Mendelian disease. In contrast, brain variants yielded higher causal estimates than adipose in the colocalization method. Conclusions: This study presents a novel approach to dissecting heterogeneity in MR by integrating clinical phenotypes associated with Mendelian disease. Our findings emphasize the importance of understanding tissue-/pathway- specific contributions in interpreting causal relationships in MR. Importantly, we advocate caution in interpreting pathway-partitioned effect size differences without robust statistical validation.
Clinical Neurophysiology of the Vestibular System

This book provides a framework for understanding the pathophysiology of diseases involving the vestibular system. The book is divided into four parts: I. Anatomy and physiology of the vestibular system; II. Evaluation of the dizzy patient; III. Diagnosis and management of common neurotologic disorders; and IV. Symptomatic treatment of vertigo. Part I reviews the anatomy and physiology of the vestibular system with emphasis on clinically relevant material. Part II outlines the important features in the patient's history, examination, and laboratory evaluation that determine the probable site of lesion. Part III covers the differential diagnostic points that help the clinician decide on the cause and treatment of the patient's problem. Part IV describes the commonly used antivertiginous and antiemetic drugs and the rationale for vestibular exercises. The recent breakthroughs in the vestibular sciences are reviewed. This book will helpful to all physician's who study and treat patients complaining of dizziness.
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Introduction: Depletion of neuronal glutathione may contribute to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's dis- ease (PD). N-acetylcysteine (NAC) can restore neuronal glutathione levels, but it has not been established whether NAC can cross the blood e brain barrier in humans. Methods: Twelve patients with PD were given oral NAC twice daily for 2 days. Three doses were compared: 7 mg/kg, 35 mg/kg, and 70 mg/kg. NAC, cysteine, and glutathione were measured in the cerebrospinal ﬂ uid (CSF) at baseline and 90 min after the last dose. Cognitive and motor functions were assessed pre- and post-NAC administration using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the Uni ﬁ ed Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III motor subscore (UPDRS-III). Results: Oral NAC produced a dose-dependent increase in CSF NAC concentrations (p < 0.001), with the highest dose producing a CSF concentration of 9.26 ± 1.62 m M. There were no signi ﬁ cant adverse events. NAC had no acute effect on motor or cognitive function. Conclusion: Orally administered NAC produces biologically relevant CSF NAC concentrations at doses that are well tolerated. The ﬁ ndings support the feasibility of NAC as a potential disease-modifying therapy for PD.
Higher education course content: paper-based, online or hybrid course delivery?

[Abstract]: The emergence of the Internet has made many institutions involved in the delivery of distance education programs re-evaluate the course delivery framework. A variety of models and techniques co-exist in an often uneasy alliance at many such institutions. These range from the traditional distance learning model, which remains paper-based, to the purely online model. Recently, hybrid models have emerged which apparently attempt to forge elements taken from several models into a unified whole. Many of these hybrid models seek to eliminate paper-based materials from the tuition process. While many arguments are put forward about the efficacy of purely electronic delivery mechanisms, cost containment is often the driving motivation. This study explores student perceptions of the various delivery mechanisms for distance learning materials. In particular, it seeks to determine what value students place on paper-based delivery mechanisms. The study surveys a group of undergraduate students and a group of graduate students enrolled in the Faculty of Business at a large regional Australian university.
Explaining the Favorite-Longshot Bias : Is it Risk-Love or Misperceptions ? ∗

The favorite-longshot bias describes the longstanding empirical regularity that betting odds provide biased estimates of the probability of a horse winning—longshots are overbet, while favorites are underbet. Neoclassical explanations of this phenomenon focus on rational gamblers who overbet longshots due to risk-love. The competing behavioral explanations emphasize the role of misperceptions of probabilities. We provide novel empirical tests that can discriminate between these competing theories by assessing whether the models that explain gamblers’ choices in one part of their choice set (betting to win) can also rationalize decisions over a wider choice set, including compound bets in the exacta, quinella or trifecta pools. Using a new, large-scale dataset ideally suited to implement these tests we find evidence in favor of the view that misperceptions of probability drive the favorite-longshot bias, as suggested by Prospect Theory. JEL Classifications: D03, D49, G12, L83
What’s in the Box? Preschoolers Consider Ambiguity, Expected Value, and Information for Future Decisions in Explore-Exploit Tasks

Abstract Self-directed exploration in childhood appears driven by a desire to resolve uncertainties in order to learn more about the world. However, in adult decision-making, the choice to explore new information rather than exploit what is already known takes many factors beyond uncertainty (such as expected utilities and costs) into account. The evidence for whether young children are sensitive to complex, contextual factors in making exploration decisions is limited and mixed. Here, we investigate whether modifying uncertain options influences explore-exploit behavior in preschool-aged children (48–68 months). Over the course of three experiments, we manipulate uncertain options’ ambiguity, expected value, and potential to improve epistemic state for future exploration in a novel forced-choice design. We find evidence that young children are influenced by each of these factors, suggesting that early, self-directed exploration involves sophisticated, context-sensitive decision-making under uncertainty.
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Objective— Enhanced fatty acid desaturation by stearoyl-CoA desaturase enzyme-1 (SCD1) is associated with obesity. This study determined desaturation in cord plasma of newborns of mothers with and without gestational diabetes (GDM). Study design— Newborns of mothers with GDM (n=21) and without (Control, n=22) were recruited. Cord plasma fatty acid desaturation indices (palmitoleic/palmitic, oleic/stearic ratios) were compared, and correlated with anthropometrics and biochemical measures. A subset of VLDL desaturation indices were determined to approximate liver SCD1 activity. Results— The total oleic/stearic index was higher in GDM, despite adjustment for cord glucose concentrations. Among GDM and Controls, the oleic/stearic index correlated with cord glucose concentrations (r s =0.36, p=0.02). Both palmitoleic/palmitic and oleic/stearic indices correlated with waist circumference (r=0.47, p=0.001; r=0.37, p=0.01). The VLDL oleic/stearic index was higher in GDM. Conclusion— The elevated total oleic/stearic index suggests increased lipogenesis in GDM newborns. Factors in addition to glucose supply may influence fetal SCD1 activity.