Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Otoliths and Four Non-lethal Structures for Estimating Age and Population Characteristics of Three Black Bass Species

: Black bass ( Micropterus spp.) are the most popular freshwater sportfishes in North America and are intensively managed. Successful management of fish populations relies on dependable age data for estimation of age determined population rate functions (growth, mortality, and recruitment). Otoliths provide accurate age estimates compared to most other aging structures, but otolith removal requires fish to be sacrificed, leading some fisheries managers to rely on alternative, non-lethal methods for estimating ages of fish. However, non-lethal aging structures may produce biased age estimates when compared to otoliths. In this study, we evaluated age-estimate precision for largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides ), smallmouth bass ( M. dolomieu ), and spotted bass ( M. punctulatus ) using otoliths, dorsal fin spines, anal fin spines, pectoral fin rays, and scales. Further, we compared growth and mortality parameters derived using age estimates from each structure. For all species, between reader agreement (97.5%–98.2%) and precision (CV = 0.01%–2%) were high using otoliths but were low for the four non-lethal structures. In general, final consensus ages from dorsal fin spines, anal fin spines, and scales overestimated ages of younger fish and underestimated ages of older fish when compared to otolith consensus ages. Using final consensus ages from each aging structure resulted in significant differences in von Bertalanffy growth parameters calculated using non-lethal structures compared to otoliths. Estimated annual mortality rates varied among structures; however, we rarely observed significant differences in instantaneous mortality among structures. Based on these results, fisheries managers should only use otoliths for aging largemouth bass, smallmouth bass, and spotted bass. If for some reason this is not possible, managers should recognize that there may be management consequences due to imprecise and inaccurate age estimates.
ANALYSIS OF PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF ADAPTATION AND RESISTANCE OF WINTER WHEAT ACCESSIONS OF DIFFERENT GEOGRAPHICAL ORIGINS

The article presents a literature review of methods analyzing the role of morphological traits and physiological responses to climatic changes. The article covers results on 318 winter wheat accessions of different eco-geographical origins from 27 countries described by a set of morphological traits and physiological responses to environmental conditions of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine in 2020–2021 and 2021–2022.
melt: Multiple Empirical Likelihood Tests in R

Empirical likelihood enables a nonparametric, likelihood-driven style of inference without relying on assumptions frequently made in parametric models. Empirical likelihood-based tests are asymptotically pivotal and thus avoid explicit studentization. This paper presents the R package melt that provides a uniﬁed framework for data analysis with empirical likelihood methods. A collection of functions are available to perform multiple empirical likelihood tests for linear and generalized linear models in R . The package melt oﬀers an easy-to-use interface and ﬂexibility in specifying hypotheses and calibration methods, extending the framework to simultaneous inferences. Hypothesis testing uses a projected gradient algorithm to solve constrained empirical likelihood optimization problems. The core computational routines are implemented in C++ , with OpenMP for parallel computation.
Association of CDKN2A/2B deletion with relapse after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia

The most important prognostic factor for Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ALL) is minimal residual disease (MRD). Previous studies have reported copy number variants of genes such as IKZF1, CDKN2A/2B, and PAX5. These gene mutations can be analyzed using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), which is less costly and easier to perform than large-scale gene mutation analyses. In this study, we performed copy number variant analysis of leukemia cells at the first onset of Ph+ALL in a case series of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) using the MLPA method. We analyzed how it influenced allo-HSCT prognosis together with MRD information. CDKN2A/2B copy number variations significantly increased the rate of post-transplant recurrence (P=0.025) and significantly reduced disease-free survival (P=0.015). Additionally, patients with IKZF1 deletions had a significantly higher post-transplant recurrence rate (P=0.042). Although they were positive for pre-transplant MRD, no relapse was observed in patients with wild-type copy number variations in IKZF1 or CDKN2A/2B. CDKN2A/2B copy number variation is a crucial factor that can be confirmed at initial onset as a post-transplant prognostic factor of Ph+ALL.
New plant elements in the Tard Clay Formation from Eger-Kiseged

The Early Oligocene flora of the Tard Clay Formation is represented at several localities in north­ ern Hungary. One of the richest is situated near Eger on the Kiseged hill, Although evaluation of this site has not been completed, several newly recognized species can be added by the present study: Doliostrobus taxiformis (Sternberg) Kvacek var. hungaricus (Rasky) Kvacek & Hably, stat. n. , Tetraclinis brachyodon (Brongniart) Mai & Walther, Calocedrus suleticensis (Brabenec) Kvacek, Laurophyllum acutimontanum Mai, Laurophyllum mark­ varticense Kvacek, Laurophyllum cf. markvarticense Kvacek, cf. Matudaea menzelii Walther, Eotrigonobalanus andreanszkyi (Mai) Kvacek & Walther, Craigia bronnii (Unger) Kvacek, Bu:lek & Manchester and Cedrelosper­ mum sp.
Self Explaining Neural Networks: A Review with Extensions

For many applications, understanding why a predictive model makes a certain prediction can be of crucial importance. In the paper “Towards Robust Interpretability with Self-Explaining Neural Networks”, [Alvarez Melis and Jaakkola 2018] propose a model that takes interpretability into account by design. We study the reproducibilty and validity of the proposed framework. Several weaknesses of the approach are identified. Most notably, we find that the model rarely generates good explanations, and that performance is compromised more than reported by the authors when enforcing explanations to be stable. We put forward improvements to the framework that address these weaknesses in a principled way, and show that they enhance the interpretability of generated explanations.
Role of Humanitarian Logistics Management Practices on Performance of Humanitarian Organizations in Kenya: A Case of United Nation World Food Program Kenya

: Humanitarian Logistics is a very important cluster of activities during emergencies due to natural or man-made disasters in an effort to prevent loss of lives and property. However, the subject is not well researched compared to the business logistics in profit making organizations where profit is their main reason of existence. The main objective of this study was to examine the role of humanitarian logistics management practices on performance of humanitarian organizations in Kenya. A case of United Nation World Food Program Kenya with the following specific objectives of the study: to examine the role of transport management on performance of humanitarian organizations in Kenya, to evaluate the role of inventory management on performance of humanitarian organizations in Kenya,to examine the role of order processing on performance of humanitarian organizations in Kenya,and to establish the influence of information flow on performance of humanitarian organizations in Kenya. The study adopted a cross sectional survey. The target population of this study was 270 employees from United Nation World Food Programme. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered through the e-mail survey and hand delivery. Secondary data was obtained from both published and unpublished records. The questionnaire was tested for validity and reliability. Both quantitative and qualitative techniques were used to analyses the data with the assistance of SPSS software program version 25. The study found that both transport management practices, Inventory management practices, order processing and information flow as humanitarian logistics management practices had significant role on performance of humanitarian organizations in Kenya. A case of United Nation World Food Program Kenya hence the study recommended that managers in the humanitarian organisations in Kenya should include humanitarian logistics management practices in their strategic plan and in particular investment in transport management practices, Inventory management practices, order processing and information flow which may make it easy to bring about innovation in the organisation and good information sharing to both suppliers and clients.
Bridgeless Cuk Converter with Fuzzy Controller for Power Quality Enhancement of PV Integrated EV Charger

: In this paper, a new output is explored by Bridge Less (BL) Cuk Converter using fuzzy logic controller algorithm for integrated PV electrical vehicle charger (battery). The minimum switch numbers are used to charge the battery at optimum cost in this proposed technique. Stationary voltages and current inputs are achieved despite the unbalanced load operation of the EV-charger i.e. under load, nominal load or overload operation. Also under imbalance of the input supply it retains constant battery parameters. The BL-Cuk converter with fuzzy controller is used to achieve robustness. The proposed technology uses a reduced amount of switching, so the loss of drive is minimal and no DC condenser is required. Therefore, over traditional EV charging approaches, balance voltage is generated across the condenser.
A New Measure of Central Bank Transparency and Implications for the Eﬀectiveness of Monetary Policy ∗

Transparency has been posited as a channel through which monetary policy is made more eﬀective. However, empirical studies of this question and other questions concerning the role of transparency have lacked access to a time-varying high-frequency measure of transparency. This paper presents a new measure of the transparency of Federal Reserve deliberations, derived from the documents that the Fed uses to record and summarize each of its meetings. The measure—the similarity of the minutes and transcripts of each Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) meeting—is largely, though not entirely, shaped by FOMC leadership. Monetary policy shocks have about a 40 percent larger eﬀect on nominal and real
Rainfall pattern over the middle of Indochina Peninsula during 2009–2010 summer monsoon

: Rainfall patterns during summer monsoon in 2009 and 2010 over the middle of the Indochina Peninsula (ICP) are investigated using calibrated daily accumulated radar rainfall (CDARR). Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis applied to CDARR shows that the first three modes explain 40% of the total rainfall variance. The pattern of the first EOF mode is only positive over the radar observation area with a large value near the foot of the Annam range in the eastern region of the radar site. The second EOF mode is a dipole pattern that has positive and negative regions in the eastern and western regions of the radar observation area, respectively. The third EOF mode also shows a dipole pattern with positive and negative areas in the southern and northern regions of the observation area, respectively. Composite analysis results suggest that the first EOF mode is possibly produced by a difference in positive vorticity, in which the difference in the southerly wind component likely causes orographic rainfall in the eastern region of the radar site. In addition, the second and third EOF modes are possibly produced by differences in westerly and southwesterly wind components, respectively.
Study of Food and Beverage Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction, A literature-based survey of five-star hotel restaurants

Purpose: The goal of this study is to look into the relationship between food service quality and customer happiness, as well as how guests view the food and service quality of any Five-star hotel restaurant. In this regard, it is critical to comprehend the customer's needs and expectations in order to satisfy them. Design/methodology/approach: This work aims to investigate all research tools, scales, and methods. This article focuses on the food quality service in "five-star hotel restaurants. " Because the goal of this study is to compile a list of the numerous components and characteristics of service quality in five-star restaurants. Published research articles on service quality were examined through online databases and publications. Findings: One factor that has little to do with service at a five-star hotel restaurant is food quality. But that's only one factor; other considerations should be given as well. The SERVQUAL model of the serving staff's traits like "Assurance," "Trustworthiness," "Responsiveness," and "Empathy" should be emphasised when evaluating service quality. Food, price, ambiance, convenience, and staff level services are all critical variables. Originality/value: This study contributes to a better understanding of customers' expectations and the key restaurant attributes that influence customer satisfaction by filling a gap in the literature on food service quality and its relationship with customer satisfaction in the food and beverage industry in five-star hotels.
as learners and teachers: studying how humans think aboutmachines

A hallmark of human intelligence is the ability to understand and influence other minds. Humans engage in inferential social learning (ISL) by using commonsense psychology to learn from others and help others learn. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are raising new questions about the feasibility of human–machine interactions that support such powerful modes of social learning. Here, we envision what it means to develop socially intelligent machines that can learn, teach, and communicate in ways that are characteristic of ISL. Rather than machines that simply predict human behaviours or recapitulate superficial aspects of human sociality (e.g. smiling, imitating), we should aim to build machines that can learn from human inputs and generate outputs for humans by proactively considering human values, intentions and beliefs. While such machines can inspire nextgeneration AI systems that learn more effectively from humans (as learners) and even help humans acquire new knowledge (as teachers), achieving these goals will also require scientific studies of its counterpart: how humans reason about machine minds and behaviours. We close by discussing the need for closer collaborations between the AI/ML and cognitive science communities to advance a science of both natural and artificial intelligence. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Cognitive artificial intelligence’.
Advances in coastal ecology : people, processes and ecosystems in Kenya

The coastal population of Sub-Sahara Africa is increasing rapidly but coastal zones are fragile environments that are easily disturbed and easily damaged when overexploited. There is need for carefully thought out management of resources to realize both environmental sustainability and potential socio-economic benefits. This is the fourth volume in a series of conference proceedings on the ecology of the Kenyan Coast, since 1997. These meetings serve as a forum for the exchange of information among scientists, students policy makers, development agency staff and government officers. This volume contains seventeen papers that were presented at the Coastal Ecology Conference in Mombasa in 2006 with sections on fish and fisheries, mangroves, conservation and management, and ecosystems rehabilitation.
Phosphorus Fertilizer Recommendations for Rice

hosphorus was not recommended for rice production in Arkansas for several years prior to 1992. Dry matter responses to P fertilizer were common, but yield responses were seldom observed. Since 1992, yield responses to P fertilizer have been documented in numerous studies. Due to the variability of when and where responses occurred, several methods have been evaluated to determine P availability to rice. One method, the Mehlich 3 extraction, is used by many soil testing laboratories. While it has been shown effective for upland crops, it has received criticism for its estimation of P availability for paddy rice. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of Mehlich 3 extraction and soil pH in developing P availability indices. Soil P availability under dryland conditions is influenced by several factors, not the least of which is soil pH. Optimum availabili
Remote Sensing of Environment

This study evaluates the performance of MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Collection 6 (C6) AOD retrieval algorithms, including Dark Target (DT) aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 3 and 10 km spatial resolutions, Deep Blue (DB) AOD at 10 km, and the merged DT-DB AOD at 10 km across the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), South Asia. A total of 14,736 collocated Aqua MODIS C6 AOD at 550 nm were evaluated against AOD from six AERONET stations over IGP, measured during the satellite overpass (± 1 h) from 2006 to 2015. The effects of aerosol heterogeneity, in terms of both aerosol loading and the aerosol type, on the uncertainty of the satellite-borne AOD retrieval were examined. The DT algorithm at both resolutions (3 km and 10 km) overestimated the AOD by 14–25%, with only 51.37–61.29% of the retrievals falling within the expected error (EE). The DT 3 km algorithm underestimates the surface reflectance in comparison to the DT 10 km, with the latter outperforming the former both in terms of number of collocations and retrieval accuracy, especially over urban areas. The DB 10 km was able to retrieve AOD over both arid/desert regions and vegetated surfaces even under low aerosol loading conditions. Yet, its performance was still poor, with retrieval accuracy of 53.76%, low RMSE (0.214), and generally underestimated AOD across the IGP. The merged DT-DB AOD product was mostly dominated by DT retrievals (73%–100%), except over bright land surfaces and 56.03% of the merged DT-DB retrievals fell within the EE. The retrieval accuracy of MODIS C6 products was found to be strongly dependent on the estimated surface reflectance and the aerosol type. Across IGP, DB predicted the surface reflectance better while DT at both resolutions overestimated the surface reflectance at varying extent. For high aerosol loading conditions with varying aerosol size, retrieval accuracy of DT 10 km poses lower sensitivity while DT at 3 km exhibits larger uncertainty in estimating surface reflectance. In contrast, DB 10 km shows greater bias that depends on the aerosol size. For very high aerosol loading conditions, dominated by fine or mixed aerosols, all the algorithms have errors in the aerosol model. The DT 10 km, DB 10 km and the merged AOD performed almost equally within the threshold level while the DT 3 km showed the poorest performance in terms of retrieval accuracy and RMSE. We conclude that across IGP, DB 10 km AOD has the highest accuracy in retrieving fine mode aerosols while DT 10 km AOD has almost identical accuracy in retrieving varying aerosol types. For coarse dominated aerosols, when the dissimilarity between DT and DB remains highest, the merged AOD is found to have higher accuracy in retrieving AOD across IGP.
A Comparative Study of the Typing Performance of Two Mid-Air Text Input Methods in Virtual Environments

Inputting text is a prevalent requirement among various virtual reality (VR) applications, including VR-based remote collaboration. In order to eliminate the need for complex rules and handheld devices for typing within virtual environments, researchers have proposed two mid-air input methods—the trace and tap methods. However, the specific impact of these input methods on performance in VR remains unknown. In this study, typing tasks were used to compare the performance, subjective report, and cognitive load of two mid-air input methods in VR. While the trace input method was more efficient and novel, it also entailed greater frustration and cognitive workload. Fortunately, the levels of frustration and cognitive load associated with the trace input method could be reduced to the same level as those of the tap input method via familiarity with VR. These findings could aid the design of virtual input methods, particularly for VR applications with varying text input demands.
Digitalisasi Tata Kelola Desa Wisata Kertayasa sebagai Implementasi E-Tourism

Para pegiat desa wisata dituntut untuk memiliki kemampuan di bidang Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi. Hal ini diperlukan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat yang serba digital dan juga mengikuti perkembangan zaman. Kajian ini membahas tentang bagaimana upaya Desa Wisata Kertayasa yang bertransformasi dalam pengelolaannya dari konvensional menuju digital. Metode deskriptif digunakan oleh penulis dalam penelitian ini dengan pendekatan secara kualitatif melalui kajian literatur dan juga wawancara yang mendalam. Hasilnya adalah pengelolaan database, pemasaran dengan cara digital, pembuatan dan pengelolaan website serta pembuatan virtual tour menjadi bagian dari proses pergeseran Desa Wisata Kertayasa dari pengelolaan yang manual menjadi digital. Pelatihan dan pengembangan kapasitas perlu terus dilakukan untuk menambah pengetahuan dan pemahaman terhadap teknologi digital agar desa wisata di Indonesia dapat bersaing secara global.
A clinical review of recent findings in the epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease

: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including both Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, are disorders of chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract marked by episodes of relapse and remission. Over the past several decades, advances have been made in understanding the epidemiology of IBD. The incidence and prevalence of both Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis have been increasing worldwide across pediatric and adult populations. As IBD is thought to be related to a combination of individual genetic susceptibility, environmental triggers, and alterations in the gut microbiome that stimulate an inflammatory response, understanding the potentially modifiable environmental risk factors associated with the development or the course of IBD could impact disease rates or management in the future. Current hypotheses as to the development of IBD are reviewed, as are a host of environmental cofactors that have been investigated as both protective and inciting factors for IBD onset. Such environmental factors include breast feeding, gastrointestinal infections, urban versus rural lifestyle, medication exposures, stress, smoking, and diet. The role of these factors in disease course is also reviewed. Looking forward, there is still much to be learned about the etiology of IBD and how specific environmental exposures intimately impact the development of disease and also the potential for relapse. Epidemiology is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal focusing on disease and drug epidemiology, identification of risk factors and screening procedures to develop optimal preventative initiatives and programs. Specific topics include: diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, screening, prevention, risk factor modification, systematic reviews, risk & safety of medical interventions, epidemiology & bio- statical methods, evaluation of guidelines, translational medicine, health policies & economic evaluations. The manuscript management system is completely online and includes a very quick and fair peer-review system, which is all easy to use.