Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF PLANT VARIETY AND SOIL SEDIMENT TO THE COASTAL ABRASION IN WEST SUMATRA

Indonesia has many islands that are suffering from beach abrasion. This phenomenon has been often happening and is categorized in one of the National Disasters. West Sumatra beaches with the total length of about 600 km stretch along the west side of Sumatra Island where directly opposite to the Indian Ocean. The waves from the Indian Ocean in any circumstance may cause abrasion to damage houses and public facilities. Factors that affect coastal abrasion include coastal geometry, wave parameters, soil sediment and beach plantations. An investigation on the plant species and soil sediment on the West Sumatra beach has been done. The effects of the last two factors on beach abrasion are then elaborated in this paper. It is found that some beach vegetations have shown remarkable role to reduce abrasion impact. Meanwhile, the type of soil sediments in which associated with physical properties showed also significant effect. From this study, it was found that vegetation roots will protect the beaches together with the soils. This investigation also concludes that coastal endemic plants in the West Sumatra need to be explored as a mitigation action to reduce the abrasion impact.
Taylor Polynomials in a High Arithmetic Precision as Universal Approximators

Function approximation is a fundamental process in a variety of problems in computational mechanics, structural engineering, as well as other domains that require the precise approximation of a phenomenon with an analytic function. This work demonstrates a unified approach to these techniques, utilizing partial sums of the Taylor series in a high arithmetic precision. In particular, the proposed approach is capable of interpolation, extrapolation, numerical differentiation, numerical integration, solution of ordinary and partial differential equations, and system identification. The method employs Taylor polynomials and hundreds of digits in the computations to obtain precise results. Interestingly, some well-known problems are found to arise in the calculation accuracy and not methodological inefficiencies, as would be expected. In particular, the approximation errors are precisely predictable, the Runge phenomenon is eliminated, and the extrapolation extent may a priory be anticipated. The attained polynomials offer a precise representation of the unknown system as well as its radius of convergence, which provides a rigorous estimation of the prediction ability. The approximation errors are comprehensively analyzed for a variety of calculation digits and test problems and can be reproduced by the provided computer code.
Antigen-specific chemokine profiles as biomarkers for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection

Background Latent tuberculosis (TB) infection can progress to active TB, which perpetuates community transmission that undermines global TB control efforts. Clinically, interferon-γ release assays (IGRAs) are commonly used for active TB case detection. However, low IGRA sensitivity rates lead to false-negative results for a high proportion of active TB cases, thus highlighting IGRA ineffectiveness in differentiating MTB-infected individuals from healthy individuals. Methods Participants enrolled at Beijing Chest Hospital from May 2020-April 2022 were assigned to healthy control (HC), LTBI, IGRA-positive TB, and IGRA-negative TB groups. Screening cohort MTB antigen-specific blood plasma chemokine concentrations were measured using Luminex xMAP assays then were verified via testing of validation cohort samples. Results A total of 302 individuals meeting study inclusion criteria were assigned to screening and validation cohorts. Testing revealed significant differences in blood plasma levels of CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL16, CXCL21, CCL1, CCL19, CCL27, TNF-α, and IL-4 between IGRA-negative TB and HC groups. Levels of CXCL9, CXCL10, IL-2, and CCL8 biomarkers were predictive for active TB, as reflected by AUC values of ≥0.9. CXCL9-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay sensitivity and specificity rates were 95.9% (95%CI: 91.7-98.3) and 100.0% (92.7-100.0), respectively. Statistically similar AUC values were obtained for CXCL9 and CXCL9-CXCL10 assays, thus demonstrating that combined analysis of CXCL10 and CXCL9 levels did not improve active TB diagnostic performance. Conclusion The MTB antigen stimulation-based CXCL9 assay may compensate for low IGRA diagnostic accuracy when used to diagnose IGRA-negative active TB cases and thus is an accurate and sensitive alternative to IGRAs for detecting MTB infection.
Simulating human response to actual light exposure: Comparison of room and human-centric standards

This pilot study assesses the impact of architecture on its occupants' health by assessing shifting the focus of lighting analysis from common building spaces to tracking the light exposure of a transient occupant. Using data-logging melanopic irradiance sensors, the study examines light exposure experienced by a participant from University of Toronto. Actual light-exposure is identified based on the participant’s activity and sleep patterns, enabling ‘true’ evaluation of light exposure compared to those of views in the rooms they inhabit. This approach allows the comparison of an occupant’s light exposure with standards such as WELL and non-visual direct response (nvRD), assessing their applicability through building users' light exposure outcomes.
Duplex Droplet Digital PCR Assay for Quantification of Hepatitis E Virus in Food

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) represents an emerging risk in industrialized countries where the consumption of contaminated food plays a pivotal role. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) is one of the most suitable methods for the detection and quantification of viruses in food. Nevertheless, quantification using RT-qPCR has limitations. Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) provides the precise quantification of nucleic acids without the need for a standard curve and a reduction in the effect on virus quantification due to the presence of inhibitors. The objectives of the present work were (i) to develop a method for the absolute quantification of HEV in swine tissues based on ddPCR technology and provide internal process control for recovery assessment and (ii) to evaluate the performance of the method by analyzing a selection of naturally contaminated wild boar muscle samples previously tested using RT-qPCR. The method was optimized using a set of in vitro synthesized HEV RNA and quantified dsDNA. The limit of detection of the developed ddPCR assay was 0.34 genome copies/µL. The analysis of the wild boar samples confirmed the validity of the ddPCR assay. The duplex ddPCR method showed no reduction in efficiency compared to individual assays. The method developed in the present study could represent a sensitive assay for the detection and absolute quantification of HEV RNA in food samples with the advantage of presenting the co-amplification of internal process control.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation: knowledge among nurses in selected departments of a teaching hospital, Nepal

Introduction: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is considered a core emergency skill in which all health care professionals must be proficient. If early basic life support CPR is instantiated, the survival rate is improved. This study aims to assess the knowledge regarding CPR among nurses. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was adopted among 150 nurses in critical care area of Patan Hospital Lalitpur Nepal, from January to April 2023. Researcher developed self-administered structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 was used for statistical analysis. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee of Patan Academy of Health Sciences. Result: Study revealed that majority 143(95.3%) of the respondents had knowledge regarding meaning of sudden cardiac death. Same as 137(91.3%) knew the indication of CPR and most of the respondents 140(93.3%) knew the carotid pulse should be checked before starting CPR. More than half 131(87.3%) had knowledge regarding ratio of chest compression. We found more than half respondents 83(55.3%) knew the best time to switch. Nearly half of the respondents 61(40%) knew the component of high-quality CPR whereas minority of the respondents; 20(13.3%) knew the algorithm of adult cardiac arrest. Conclusion: Majority of the respondents had knowledge regarding meaning, indication, site of pulse taking, and ratio of chest compression. Whereas more than fifty percent respondents had knowledge regarding, best time to switch, nearly half of respondents knew the components of CPR. Minority of respondents aware the algorithm of adult cardiac arrest.
Understanding Airport Leakage at Multi Airport in West Java through Accessibility Characteristics to the Airport

Airport development must pay attention to the catchment area of the surrounding airport so that there is no overlap, which leads to airport leakage problems. Airport leakage is a phenomenon where passengers avoid local airports in their area of residence and choose airports outside their territory. The scope of study in this research is West Java Multi-airport, which consists of Kertajati Airport and Husein Sastranegara Airport, as well as Soekarno-Hatta Airport and Halim Perdanakusuma Airport as airports around West Java. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the phenomenon of airport leakage occurred at the Multi-airport of West Java Province. The study findings concluded that the addition of Kertajati Airport in West Java Province improved air connectivity in terms of flight routes but was not accompanied by an increase in the number of passengers. This phenomenon can be attributed to airport leakage, whereby passengers in West Java tend to favor Soekarno-Hatta Airport and Halim Perdana Kusuma Airport. These airports provide more flight options, offering greater time flexibility and enhanced accessibility.
Seasonal variations of a mixing layer in the lowermost stratosphere as identified by the CO‐O3 correlation from in situ measurements

[1] Within the Stratosphere Troposphere Experiment by Aircraft Measurements (STREAM) project, airborne measurements of various trace species such as CO, CO2, N2O, and O3 have been performed in several years and seasons. Here we focus on a summer campaign conducted from Timmins (Canada, 47°N, 80°W) in July 1998 and winter measurements carried out in March 1997 from Kiruna (Sweden, 68°N, 20°E). From correlations between CO and O3 we identify a mixing layer in the lowermost stratosphere of which the vertical extent shows a significant seasonal variability. Troposphere to stratosphere exchange appears to be more vigorous in summer, although CO mixing ratios of the order of 15 ppbv indicate the presence of aged stratospheric air. While a significant tropospheric influence was observed up to potential temperatures of Θ = 330 K in March, the mixing layer in July increased to Θ = 360 K. In addition, its elevation above the tropopause also showed an increase. The CO-O3 correlation indicates that the higher elevation in July is most likely caused by a stronger contribution of subtropical tropospheric air, which was mixed into the lowermost stratosphere at the subtropical jet.
An Examination of Nigeria and United States Relations: A Theoretical Perspective

The diplomatic relations between Nigeria and the United States over the years have been marred by ups and down, progressive and regressive character. This paper examined the diplomatic relations between both countries under the Goodluck Jonathan and General Buhari’s administration (2011-2021). The paper focused on both countries diplomatic relations specifically on pandemic response and health, bilateral economic engagement, educational and cultural exchanges and peace and security engagement. Anchoring the paper’s theoretical review on trait theory of the leadership, the paper reviewed the collected historical data and conducted a comparative analysis of Goodluck’s administrations’ foreign relations with the United States (2011-2015) and that of his successor, President Muhammadu Buhari (2015-2021). The review revealed that Goodluck and Buhari shuttle diplomacy is yet to achieve a convincing impact on the international community in terms of establishing a strong foreign relation with the U.S and the challenges of Nigeria's foreign relations is how to overcome its integrity crisis, and thereby securing the desired respect for its citizens internationally. This paper further revealed that Buhari's foreign relation with the United States has more impact on Nigeria's economy than that of Goodluck administration, even though the challenges are still present in the Buhari administration such as the Boko-Haram insurgency, unemployment, farmers-headmen crises, kidnapping, police brutality, and so on. The paper recommended that for Nigeria to promote a viable national interest it must pursue and promote a dynamic and assertive foreign relation with the United States and other big nations of the world.
Need Analysis of English Conversation for Hawkers in Mandalika Special Economic Zone, West Nusa Tenggara

The research aimed to investigate the English proficiency level, what English conversation materials are needed, and what obstacles hawkers face in Mandalika Special Economy Zone when communicating with foreign tourists. This study utilizes a qualitative research paradigm with a descriptive approach; this study paints a comprehensive picture of the language abilities of Mandalika's hawkers, the materials of English conversation needed by hawkers, and the hawkers' obstacles when communicating with foreign tourists. Methods of collecting data consist of interviews, documentation, and observation. Some steps to analyze the data collected are data condensation, data display, verification, concluding, and data validity. Findings reveal a diverse spectrum of English proficiency levels among hawkers, ranging in primary and intermediate proficiency levels. Specifically, from 20 hawkers as research subjects, 13 hawkers exhibit a basic level of proficiency, while seven hawkers demonstrate intermediate-level skills. The assessment of English proficiency level is based on three crucial aspects that the hawkers always use namely understanding of English communication, non-verbal communication strategies employed by the hawkers, and vocabulary usage. These materials vary depending on the type of goods hawkers sell, highlighting the importance of tailored language resources. This research found 4 (four) crucial materials or topics to be mastered when communicating with foreign tourists: greetings and welcoming, describing specialties, providing personal/additional information, and discussing prices and payment. Additionally, the research uncovers obstacles faced by hawkers in their communication with foreign tourists. These challenges encompass hawkers' difficulty in explaining products, the low English proficiency of most Hawkers, and also language and vocabulary constraints of hawkers.
Association between gut microbiota and Hirschsprung disease: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study

Background Several studies have pointed to the critical role of gut microbiota (GM) and their metabolites in Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) pathogenesis. However, the detailed causal relationship between GM and HSCR remains unknown. Methods In this study, we used two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the causal relationship between GM and HSCR, based on the MiBioGen Consortium’s genome-wide association study (GWAS) and the GWAS Catalog’s HSCR data. Reverse MR analysis was performed subsequently, and the sensitivity analysis, Cochran’s Q-test, MR pleiotropy residual sum, outlier (MR-PRESSO), and the MR-Egger intercept were used to analyze heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy. 16S rDNA sequencing and targeted mass spectrometry were developed for initial validation. Results In the forward MR analysis, inverse-variance weighted (IVW) estimates suggested that Eggerthella (OR: 2.66, 95%CI: 1.23–5.74, p = 0.01) was a risk factor for HSCR, while Peptococcus (OR: 0.37, 95%CI: 0.18–0.73, p = 0.004), Ruminococcus2 (OR: 0.32, 95%CI: 0.11–0.91, p = 0.03), Clostridiaceae1 (OR: 0.22, 95%CI: 0.06–0.78, p = 0.02), Mollicutes RF9 (OR: 0.27, 95%CI: 0.09–0.8, p = 0.02), Ruminococcaceae (OR: 0.16, 95%CI: 0.04–0.66, p = 0.01), and Paraprevotella (OR: 0.45, 95%CI: 0.21–0.98, p = 0.04) were protective factors for HSCR, which had no heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy. However, reverse MR analysis showed that HSCR (OR: 1.02, 95%CI: 1–1.03, p = 0.049) is the risk factor for Eggerthella. Furthermore, some of the above microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were altered in HSCR, showing a correlation. Conclusion Our analysis established the relationship between specific GM and HSCR, identifying specific bacteria as protective or risk factors. Significant microbiota and SCFAs were altered in HSCR, underlining the importance of further study and providing new insights into the pathogenesis and treatment.
Calibration of Hybrid-Maize Model for Simulation of Soil Moisture and Yield in Production Corn Fields

Model calibration is essential for acceptable model performance and applications. The Hybrid-Maize model, developed at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, is a process-based crop simulation model that simulates maize growth as a function of crop and field management and environmental conditions. In this study, we calibrated and validated the Hybrid-Maize model using soil moisture and yield data from eight commercial production fields in two years. We used a new method for the calibration and multi-parameter optimization (MPO) based on kriging with modified criteria for selecting the parameter combinations. The soil moisture-related parameter combination (SM-PC3) improved simulations of soil water dynamics, but improvement in model performance is still required. The grain yield-related parameter combination significantly improved the yield simulation. We concluded that the calibrated model is good enough for irrigation water management at the field scale. Future studies should focus on improving the model performance in simulating total soil water (TSW) dynamics at different soil depths by including more soil water processes in a more dynamic manner.
Hypermethylated Colorectal Cancer Tumours Present a Myc-Driven Hypermetabolism with a One-Carbon Signature Associated with Worsen Prognosis

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second cause of cancer-related death; the CpG-island methylation pathway (CIMP) is associated with KRAS/BRAF mutations, two oncogenes rewiring cell metabolism, worse prognosis, and resistance to classical chemotherapies. Despite this, the question of a possible metabolic rewiring in CIMPs has never been investigated. Here, we analyse whether metabolic dysregulations are associated with tumour methylation by evaluating the transcriptome of CRC tumours. CIMP-high patients were found to present a hypermetabolism, activating mainly carbohydrates, folates, sphingolipids, and arachidonic acid metabolic pathways. A third of these genes had epigenetic targets of Myc in their proximal promoter, activating carboxylic acid, tetrahydrofolate interconversion, nucleobase, and oxoacid metabolisms. In the Myc signature, the expression of GAPDH, TYMS, DHFR, and TK1 was enough to predict methylation levels, microsatellite instability (MSI), and mutations in the mismatch repair (MMR) machinery, which are strong indicators of responsiveness to immunotherapies. Finally, we discovered that CIMP tumours harboured an increase in genes involved in the one-carbon metabolism, a pathway critical to providing nucleotides for cancer growth and methyl donors for DNA methylation, which is associated with worse prognosis and tumour hypermethylation. Transcriptomics could hence become a tool to help clinicians stratify their patients better.
Remote memory in a Bayesian model of context fear conditioning (BaconREM)

Here, we propose a model of remote memory (BaconREM), which is an extension of a previously published Bayesian model of context fear learning (BACON) that accounts for many aspects of recently learned context fear. BaconREM simulates most known phenomenology of remote context fear as studied in rodents and makes new predictions. In particular, it predicts the well-known observation that fear that was conditioned to a recently encoded context becomes hippocampus-independent and shows much-enhanced generalization (“hyper-generalization”) when systems consolidation occurs (i.e., when memory becomes remote). However, the model also predicts that there should be circumstances under which the generalizability of remote fear may not increase or even decrease. It also predicts the established finding that a “reminder” exposure to a feared context can abolish hyper-generalization while at the same time making remote fear again hippocampus-dependent. This observation has in the past been taken to suggest that reminders facilitate access to detail memory that remains permanently in the hippocampus even after systems consolidation is complete. However, the present model simulates this result even though it totally moves all the contextual memory that it retains to the neo-cortex when context fear becomes remote.
The role of economically important traits for genetic improvement and climate change adaptation in livestock production: A review

Breeding indices include economically important traits associated with high yield, thermal tolerance, low quality feed and disease resistance, and give more consideration of genotype-by-environment interactions to identify stress adapted animals The objective of this paper was to quantify the role of economically important traits for genetic improvement and climate change adapted livestock production. Climate change adaptation genes exist at Protein, the genome (DNA), the transcriptome (RNA), the proteome, Amino-Acid (AA) level . Genotypes that affect milk production traits could be used as genetic markers in marker-assisted breeding. Genes with large effects show part of the genetic differences between animals, and identifying these genes can help to estimate more accurate breeding. For example, polymorphisms in DGAT1, GH and GHR genes have significant effects on reproduction and production traits. The variation in the bovine FABP4 gene also affects milk yield and milk protein content. Growth hormone receptor (GHR), IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 genes regulate postnatal somatic growth and stimulate anabolic processes and showed genetic polymorphisms and associated with production traits in cattle, goats and chickens. In beef cattle, the genes related to economically important traits are peroxisome proliferation activator-y (ppar-y), sterol regulatory element binding protein 1(srebp-1), leptin, stearoyl-coa desaturase (scd1), and thyroid hormone releasing protein. These genes help in lipid and glucose metabolism and in energy homeostasis by promoting glycolsis, lipogenesis and adipo-genesis as well as in regulating body weight, metabolism and reproductive function. Therefore, identifying economically important traits and genes using marker assisted selection related to milk production and beef production can enhance production and productivity.