Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experimental validation of daily adaptive proton therapy

Anatomical changes during proton therapy require rapid treatment plan adaption to mitigate the associated dosimetric impact. This in turn requires a highly efficient workflow that minimizes the time between imaging and delivery. At the Paul Scherrer Institute, we have developed an online adaptive workflow, which is specifically designed for treatments in the skull-base/cranium, with the focus set on simplicity and minimizing changes to the conventional workflow. The dosimetric and timing performance of this daily adaptive proton therapy (DAPT) workflow has been experimentally investigated using an in-house developed DAPT software and specifically developed anthropomorphic phantom. After a standard treatment preparation, which includes the generation of a template plan, the treatment can then be adapted each day, based on daily imaging acquired on an in-room CT. The template structures are then rigidly propagated to this CT and the daily plan is fully re-optimized using the same field arrangement, DVH constraints and optimization settings of the template plan. After a dedicated plan QA, the daily plan is delivered. To minimize the time between imaging and delivery, clinically integrated software for efficient execution of all online adaption steps, as well as tools for comprehensive and automated QA checks, have been developed. Film measurements of an end-to-end validation of a multi-fraction DAPT treatment showed high agreement to the calculated doses. Gamma pass rates with a 3%/3 mm criteria were >92% when comparing the measured dose to the template plan. Additionally, a gamma pass rate >99% was found comparing measurements to the Monte Carlo dose of the daily plans reconstructed from the logfile, accumulated over the delivered fractions. With this, we experimentally demonstrate that the described adaptive workflow can be delivered accurately in a timescale similar to a standard delivery.
Decreased growth of wild soil microbes after 15 years of transplant‐induced warming in a montane meadow

The carbon stored in soil exceeds that of plant biomass and atmospheric carbon and its stability can impact global climate. Growth of decomposer microorganisms mediates both the accrual and loss of soil carbon. Growth is sensitive to temperature and given the vast biological diversity of soil microorganisms, the response of decomposer growth rates to warming may be strongly idiosyncratic, varying among taxa, making ecosystem predictions difficult. Here, we show that 15 years of warming by transplanting plant–soil mesocosms down in elevation, strongly reduced the growth rates of soil microorganisms, measured in the field using undisturbed soil. The magnitude of the response to warming varied among microbial taxa. However, the direction of the response—reduced growth—was universal and warming explained twofold more variation than did the sum of taxonomic identity and its interaction with warming. For this ecosystem, most of the growth responses to warming could be explained without taxon‐specific information, suggesting that in some cases microbial responses measured in aggregate may be adequate for climate modeling. Long‐term experimental warming also reduced soil carbon content, likely a consequence of a warming‐induced increase in decomposition, as warming‐induced changes in plant productivity were negligible. The loss of soil carbon and decreased microbial biomass with warming may explain the reduced growth of the microbial community, more than the direct effects of temperature on growth. These findings show that direct and indirect effects of long‐term warming can reduce growth rates of soil microbes, which may have important feedbacks to global warming.
Crystal structure of poly-{diaqua-bis[(μ2-3-nitrobenzenesulfonylglycine-κ3N:O:O′)(4,4′-bipyridine)manganese(II)]}-dimethylformamide (1/1), C39H35Mn2N9O15S2

Abstract C39H35Mn2N9O15S2, orthorhombic, Pna21 (no. 33), a = 17.2427(6) Å, b = 11.7453(3) Å, c = 21.1828(7) Å, V = 4290.0(2) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0366, wRref(F2) = 0.0960, T = 293(2) K.
Kineticharts: Augmenting Affective Expressiveness of Charts in Data Stories with Animation Design

Data stories often seek to elicit affective feelings from viewers. However, how to design affective data stories remains under-explored. In this work, we investigate one specific design factor, animation, and present Kineticharts, an animation design scheme for creating charts that express five positive affects: joy, amusement, surprise, tenderness, and excitement. These five affects were found to be frequently communicated through animation in data stories. Regarding each affect, we designed varied kinetic motions represented by bar charts, line charts, and pie charts, resulting in 60 animated charts for the five affects. We designed Kineticharts by first conducting a need-finding study with professional practitioners from data journalism and then analyzing a corpus of affective motion graphics to identify salient kinetic patterns. We evaluated Kineticharts through two user studies. The results suggest that Kineticharts can accurately convey affects, and improve the expressiveness of data stories, as well as enhance user engagement without hindering data comprehension compared to the animation design from DataClips, an authoring tool for data videos.
Polygenic risk score for bipolar disorder associates with divergent thinking and brain structures in the prefrontal cortex

It has been hypothesized that a higher genetic risk of bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with greater creativity. Given the clinical importance of bipolar disorder and the importance of creativity to human society and cultural development, it is essential to reveal their associations and the neural basis of the genetic risk of bipolar disorder to gain insight into its etiology. However, despite the previous demonstration of the associations of polygenic risk score (PRS) of BD and creative jobs, the associations of BD‐PRS and creativity measured by the divergent thinking (CMDT) and regional gray matter volume (rGMV) as well as regional white matter volume (rWMV) have not been investigated. Using psychological analyses and whole‐brain voxel‐by‐voxel analyses, we examined these potential associations in 1558 young, typically developing adult students. After adjusting for confounding variables and multiple comparisons, a greater BD‐PRS was associated with a greater total CMDT fluency score, and a significant relationship was found in fluency subscores. A greater BD‐PRS was also associated with lower total mood disturbance. Neuroimaging analyses revealed that the BD‐PRS was associated with greater rGMV in the right inferior frontal gyrus, which is a consistently affected area in BD, as well as a greater rWMV in the left middle frontal gyrus, which has been suggested to play a central role in the increased creativity associated with the risk of BD with creativity. These findings suggest a relationship between the genetic risk of BD and CMDT and prefrontal cortical structures among young educated individuals.
HE4 might be a more useful tumor biomarker to detect malignancy in patients with ovarian endometrioma when malignancy is suspected

Objective To analyze the utility of carbohydrate antigen (CA)125 and human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) to detect malignancy in women with ovarian endometriosis, when ovarian cancer is suspected and ultrasonography results are inconclusive. Methods Women who underwent surgery between 2015 and 2019 for ovarian endometriosis or for adnexal masses, with a final diagnosis of ovarian carcinoma (clear cell and endometrioid) were included in this retrospective study. The women were divided into three groups: ovarian endometriosis (OE), ovarian carcinoma without endometriosis (OC), and ovarian carcinoma with endometriosis (OC + E). Adnexal masses were assessed preoperatively by transvaginal ultrasonography according to the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) simple rules, and CA125 and HE4 blood levels were obtained. Results Of 208 women, 45 had malignancy, 16 in the OC + E group and 29 in the OC group. According to transvaginal ultrasonography, 13 were classified as undetermined risk of malignancy: OC group: 3, OE group: 3, and OC + E group: 7. When we compared the tumor biomarkers, significant differences in HE4 but not in CA125 levels were found between the groups. Conclusions When ovarian malignancy is suspected in patients with ovarian endometriosis, HE4 is a more useful tumor biomarker to diagnose OC when ultrasonography results are inconclusive.
Safety Flight Control Design of a Quadrotor UAV With Capability Analysis

This article considers the safety control problem of a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) subject to actuator faults and external disturbances, based on the quantization of system capability and safety margin. First, a trajectory function is constructed online with backpropagation of system dynamics. Therefore, a degraded trajectory is gracefully regenerated, via the tradeoff between the remaining system capability and the expected derivatives (velocity, jerk, and snap) of the trajectory. Second, a control-oriented model is established into a form of strict feedback, integrating actuator malfunctions and disturbances. Therefore, a retrofit dynamic surface control (DSC) scheme based on the control-oriented model is developed to improve the tracking performance. When comparing to the existing control methods, the compensation ability is analyzed to determine whether the faults and disturbances can be handled or not. Finally, simulation and experimental studies are conducted to highlight the efficiency of the proposed safety control scheme.
Formononetin ameliorates IL-13-induced inflammation and mucus formation in human nasal epithelial cells by activating the SIRT1/Nrf2 signaling pathway

Formononetin has proven to be anti-inflammatory and able to alleviate symptoms of certain allergic diseases. The present study aimed to determine and elucidate the potential effects of formononetin in allergic rhinitis. JME/CF15 cells were pretreated with formononetin at different doses, followed by stimulation with IL-13. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was performed to determine the cytotoxicity of formononetin. The expression levels of inflammation-related proteins, histamine, IgE, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and eotaxin in IL-13-stimulated JME/CF15 cells were detected using ELISAs. The expression levels of phosphorylated-NF-κB p65, NF-κB p65 and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) were analyzed using western blotting. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence were performed to measure the levels of mucin 5AC oligomeric mucus/gel-forming. Expression levels of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and nuclear erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) proteins were also measured using western blotting. The results of the present study revealed that formononetin exerted no cytotoxic effect on the viability of JME/CF15 cells. Following stimulation of JME/CF15 cells with IL-13, formononetin suppressed the upregulated expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines. IL-13-induced formation of mucus was also attenuated by formononetin treatment. Furthermore, it was found that the SIRT1/Nrf2 signaling pathway was activated in formononetin-treated JME/CF15 cells, whereas treatment with the SIRT1 inhibitor, EX527, reversed the effects of formononetin on IL-13-induced inflammation and mucus formation in JME/CF15 cells. In conclusion, the findings of the current study indicated that formononetin may activate the SIRT1/Nrf2 signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting IL-13-induced inflammation and mucus formation in JME/CF15 cells. These results suggested that formononetin may represent a promising agent for the treatment of allergic rhinitis.
Short-Term Event Prediction in the Operating Room (STEP-OP) of Five-Minute Intraoperative Hypotension Using Hybrid Deep Learning: Retrospective Observational Study and Model Development

Background Intraoperative hypotension has an adverse impact on postoperative outcomes. However, it is difficult to predict and treat intraoperative hypotension in advance according to individual clinical parameters. Objective The aim of this study was to develop a prediction model to forecast 5-minute intraoperative hypotension based on the weighted average ensemble of individual neural networks, utilizing the biosignals recorded during noncardiac surgery. Methods In this retrospective observational study, arterial waveforms were recorded during noncardiac operations performed between August 2016 and December 2019, at Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea. We analyzed the arterial waveforms from the big data in the VitalDB repository of electronic health records. We defined 2s hypotension as the moving average of arterial pressure under 65 mmHg for 2 seconds, and intraoperative hypotensive events were defined when the 2s hypotension lasted for at least 60 seconds. We developed an artificial intelligence–enabled process, named short-term event prediction in the operating room (STEP-OP), for predicting short-term intraoperative hypotension. Results The study was performed on 18,813 subjects undergoing noncardiac surgeries. Deep-learning algorithms (convolutional neural network [CNN] and recurrent neural network [RNN]) using raw waveforms as input showed greater area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC) scores (0.698, 95% CI 0.690-0.705 and 0.706, 95% CI 0.698-0.715, respectively) than that of the logistic regression algorithm (0.673, 95% CI 0.665-0.682). STEP-OP performed better and had greater AUPRC values than those of the RNN and CNN algorithms (0.716, 95% CI 0.708-0.723). Conclusions We developed STEP-OP as a weighted average of deep-learning models. STEP-OP predicts intraoperative hypotension more accurately than the CNN, RNN, and logistic regression models. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02914444; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02914444.
Adaptive defence and sensing responses of host plant roots to fungal pathogen attack revealed by transcriptome and metabolome analyses.

Plant root-produced constitutive and inducible defences inhibit pathogenic microorganisms within roots and in the rhizosphere. However, regulatory mechanisms underlying host responses during root-pathogen interactions are largely unexplored. Using the model species Brachypodium distachyon (Bd), we studied transcriptional and metabolic responses altered in Bd roots following challenge with Fusarium graminearum (Fg), a fungal pathogen that causes diseases in diverse organs of cereal crops. Shared gene expression patterns were found between Bd roots and spikes during Fg infection associated with the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON). Overexpression of BdMYB78, an up-regulated transcription factor, significantly increased root resistance during Fg infection. We show that Bd roots recognise encroaching Fg prior to physical contact by altering transcription of genes associated with multiple cellular processes such as reactive oxygen species and cell development. These changes coincide with altered levels of secreted host metabolites detected by an untargeted metabolomic approach. The secretion of Bd metabolites was suppressed by Fg as enhanced levels of defence-associated metabolites were found in roots during pre-contact with a Fg mutant defective in host perception and the ability to cause disease. Our results help to understand root defence strategies employed by plants, with potential implications for improving resistance of cereal crops to soil pathogens. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Current Overview of Treatment for Metastatic Bone Disease

The number of patients with bone metastasis increases as medical management and surgery improve the overall survival of patients with cancer. Bone metastasis can cause skeletal complications, including bone pain, pathological fractures, spinal cord or nerve root compression, and hypercalcemia. Before initiation of treatment for bone metastasis, it is important to exclude primary bone malignancy, which would require a completely different therapeutic approach. It is essential to select surgical methods considering the patient’s prognosis, quality of life, postoperative function, and risk of postoperative complications. Therefore, bone metastasis treatment requires a multidisciplinary team approach, including radiologists, oncologists, and orthopedic surgeons. Recently, many novel palliative treatment options have emerged for bone metastases, such as stereotactic body radiation therapy, radiopharmaceuticals, vertebroplasty, minimally invasive spine stabilization with percutaneous pedicle screws, acetabuloplasty, embolization, thermal ablation techniques, electrochemotherapy, and high-intensity focused ultrasound. These techniques are beneficial for patients who may not benefit from surgery or radiotherapy.
Autism spectrum disorder and obstetric optimality: a twin study and meta-analysis of sibling studies.

BACKGROUND Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a strong genetic basis. Recent studies have suggested that its aetiology is also influenced by environmental factors. Some of the most examined environmental factors are obstetric complications. However, the results are inconsistent. METHODS We aimed to explore the association between obstetric complications and autism in a population-based twin sample using the Obstetric Enquiry Scale (OES), a scale that measures the presence or absence of pre-, peri- and neonatal factors. Additionally, we report the meta-analytic results for obstetrical factors reported in previously published sibling studies. RESULTS Our study included 115 cases pairs and 62 controls pairs and showed that children with autism and their unaffected co-twins present significantly more obstetric complications than controls (ASD vs. controls β 1.26, CI 95% 1.11-1.40 p < .001; unaffected co-twin vs. controls β 1.20, 95% CI 1.07-1.36 p < .003). However, we did not find statistically significant differences between children with ASD and their unaffected co-twins (β .96, 95% CI 0.85-1.09, p 0.55). Meta-analysis demonstrated that maternal hypertension (RR 1.35, CI 95% 1.23-1.48), uterine bleeding (RR 1.20 CI 95% 1.01-1.42) and exposure to antibiotic during pregnancy (1.11 CI 95% 1.00-1.22) increase risk of ASD. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms that children with ASD and their unaffected twins show more obstetric complications than controls. However, these complications do not distinguish between ASD twins and their unaffected co-twins. In addition, the meta-analysis showed little influence of birth factors on ASD which suggests a shared familial liability for both obstetric complications and autism, rather than a causal association.
Relation between spin current and spin torque in Rashba ferromagnets

We establish a brief relation between spin current and spin torque, including spin–orbit torque and spin transfer torque in 2D Rashba ferromagnets with nonuniform magnetic texture. Both electrically and thermally induced charge, heat, and spin current are investigated by the Luttinger’s mechanical method, and we derive the contributions of magnetization corresponding to the thermal spin current and the thermal spin torque. The novel transport currents are also found in this paper when the interplay between spin–orbit coupling and nonuniform magnetic texture is taken into account.
Growth of NiO nanorods, SiC nanowires and monolayer graphene via a CVD method

Green approaches for producing high purity advanced materials have always been a challenging task. Conventional methods for converting waste materials into char by heat treatment can have limitations in making defect free and pure materials for practical applications. Herein, we report a Green-Chemical Vapor Deposition (G-CVD) method to transform waste into functional materials in various forms by condensation of gases generated from waste on a chosen substrate. The flow of gases, mainly CO2, CH4 and CO, can be controlled via a regulated flow of a carrier gas and by controlling the temperature, gases can react/recombine on the substrate forming a crystalline lattice of semiconducting materials. Such a versatile green method can be sustainable and at the same time help in reducing the burden of landfill waste. We present how an appropriate control of the gas mixture resulting from the heat-treatment of waste rubber tyres and plastics leads to the growth of various types of functional materials on substrates. The growth mechanism of materials on substrates in this method is similar to the conventional CVD method. However, the utilization of waste to generate these gases adds the green and sustainable feature to this method and its high degree of reproducibility offers practical applicability. Once established for NiO nanorods, we tested the versatility of this technique to grow SiC nanowires, SiC nanoparticles and monolayer graphene. This highly reproducible G-CVD method of making advanced materials solely involves waste materials as the solid carbon source at atmospheric pressure without any other synthetic reagents.
Efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions in cognitive function in the elderly people: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Objectives The main objective was to determine the efficacy of Mindfulness-Based Interventions in improving the cognitive function of older adults (healthy adults or adults with mild cognitive impairment). Methods A search was conducted in 4 databases. The effect sizes were extracted to perform a meta-analysis of the cognitive functions, as well as subgroup meta-analyses according to each domain: attention, memory and executive function. Results The meta-analysis of cognitive functions showed an average effect size of g = . 07, 95% CI [−. 013; . 160], p = . 09, with the following values for each domain: g = . 02, 95% CI [−. 167; . 204] for attention; g = . 06, 95% CI [−. 148; . 262] for memory; and g = . 14, 95% CI [−. 042; . 329] for executive function. Conclusion The MBI had a null global effect. The attention and memory results showed a null effect size and a small effect size was found for executive function. The methodological quality of the studies, however, was poor, so the results need to be interpreted with caution.
Orally disintegrating tablet containing carbamazepine and levetiracetam: formulation and in vitro and in vivo characterization

Abstract This study aimed to prepare and characterize the orally disintegrating tablet (ODT) formulations containing the combination of levetiracetam (LEV) and carbamazepine (CBZ) (CBZ + LEV combination) for the treatment of epilepsy. The ODT formulations were prepared using the lyophilization (L) and direct compression (DC) methods. The flowability of the mixed powders used for DC formulation was evaluated. The quality control tests for the ODTs were performed. Also, the antiepileptic effects of pure drugs, their combination, and the suspension of CBZ + LEV-DC-ODT formulation were evaluated in the rats with pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced epilepsy model. The obtained results for the mixed powders of the DC formulation (angle of repose: 26.18 ± 0.794°; compressibility index: 15.24 ± 0.764%) suggest that the flow properties of the powder blend were suitable for the preparation of CBZ + LEV-ODT using DC method. The mean values of diameter and hardness of L-ODTs and DC-ODTs were found to be 16.87 mm and 16.18 mm and 11.96 N and 30.11 N, respectively. The friability of both formulations was <1%. Both formulations were disintegrated in seconds. Drugs in L-ODT had faster dissolution than those in DC-ODT. Compared to the seizure scores obtained for the groups treated with LEV or CBZ, generally, there was a higher decrease in seizure scores in the groups treated with CBZ + LEV combination or the suspension of CBZ + LEV-DC-ODTs. Consequently, the ODT formulations containing the CBZ + LEV combination might be beneficial in the treatment of epilepsy.