Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physiological responses and adoptive mechanisms in oat against three levels of salt stress

To identify the propagation mechanisms and the adaptive strategies of oat seedlings exposed to NaCl, NaHCO3 and Na2CO3 the main salts in the soils of the salt-alkali grasslands of the Songnen Plain of China, growth rates and physiological indices of oat seedlings were measured in plants grown in soils with different concentrations (48-144 mmol L-1) of the three salts. The results demonstrated that although oat seedlings survival rates were unaffected by NaCl stress, the tiller number, plant height, and shoot and root dry weights decreased with increasing salt concentration, in the order of Na2CO3＞NaHCO3＞NaCl. In addition, propagation mechanisms higher concentrations of Na+ accumulated in the shoots and roots of oat seedlings under Na2CO3 stress and NaHCO3 stress than in seedlings under NaCl stress. Reductions in concentrations of K+ were also greater under both Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 stress than NaCl, especially in the roots. Large amounts of Cl－ and proline were found to accumulate in oat seedlings, most likely as a strategy for maintaining osmotic and ionic homeostasis under NaCl stress.
Adaptation and Growth Performance of Different Introduced Lowland Bamboo Species in Central Tigray, Ethiopia

Aim of study: The study was performed to evaluate the growth performance and adaptation potential of different exotic lowland bamboos, as well as identifying and providing the best-performing species. Area of study: The study was conducted in Agbe, Tanqua Melashe district Central Tigray between June 2018 and December 2021. Material and methods: The study focused on six different exotic lowland bamboo species, which are Dendrocalamus hamiltonii, Dendrocalamus asper, Dendrocalamus membranaceos, Bambusa vulgaris, Bambusa bambos, and Guadua amplexifolia. The experiment was designed as a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. An analysis of variance was used to analyze the collected data. Main results: The selected bamboo species somehow had problems with survival and adaptability except for Bambusa bambos, Bambusa vulgaris, Dendrocalamus membranaceos, and Dendrocalamus hamiltonii species. Between species’ parameters, such as root collar diameter, culm diameter, culm height, and number of culms, the outcome had a significant difference at (p
Re-Cycling the Streets: Exploring the Allocation of Public Space for Transport

This study explored the extent to which road space reallocation from on-street parking to an arterial cycle way may be warranted between Wellington city’s southern suburbs and city centre. Latent demand and preferences for transport cycling were assessed using an intentional behaviour change model, and a study of the economic contribution of the on-street parking on Tory Street to adjacent businesses was undertaken. This study identified a significant latent demand for transport cycling in Wellington. Transport cycling is suppressed primarily because of a perceived lack of safety. Road safety improvements were identified as the key change required to encourage the uptake of transport cycling. In particular, people in Wellington desire a continuous and connected network of separated and dedicated cycle ways. Potential cyclists indicated that they would be likely to cycle for transport more often if a cycle path connecting Wellington’s southern suburbs and city centre was constructed. Contrary to what might be expected, it appears that the majority of people would support the removal of some on-street parking to provide for this cycle way. Additionally, this study found that the contribution of those who use on-street parking to adjacent retail vitality on Tory Street is minor, compared to the contribution of those who do not require parking and those who use off-street parking. This research concludes that, considering Wellington’s context and policy, the reallocation of road space from on-street parking to an arterial cycle way between Wellington’s southern suburbs and city centre may well be warranted.
The Relationship between Dietary Intake and Adiposity in South African Female Adolescents: A Systematic Review

The prevalence of obesity has increased significantly in developing nations over the past decade, particularly among adolescent girls. To assess the scale of this epidemic among female adolescents in South Africa, a systematic review was undertaken to investigate the connection between diet and obesity. Multiple databases (Google Scholar, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Web of Science) were searched to identify studies investigating the associations between diet and various adiposity indices as outcomes. Of the 56 studies identified, 7 met the inclusion criteria. The age range of participants spanned from 11 to 21 years. Tabulation was used to report the data, study by study. The consumption of nutrients from animal sources exhibited a positive correlation with higher BMI-for-age Z scores (p = 0.02). Eating habits such as sporadic family meals (p ≤ 0.02), irregular breakfast consumption (p ≤ 0.05), and a high energy intake derived from fat were linked to an increased risk of adiposity. Additionally, factors such as socioeconomic status and residential location revealed associations with certain dietary intakes and adiposity. As more studies identify the causative role of diet in obesity, there is an urgent need for policy intervention and strategies to address the growing non-communicable disease burden in South Africa.
Performance Evaluation of Millimeter-Wave Wearable Antennas for Electronic Travel Aid

The aim of this article is to identify and evaluate the main limitations of several wearable antennas when applied to different collision avoidance situations to help visually impaired people. The analysis is conducted at a medium distance (1–2 m, which is in the order of hundreds of wavelengths) for obstacle detection, as well as in the short distance (10–30 cm, which is in the order of tens of wavelengths) when advanced imaging techniques, based on synthetic aperture radar (SAR) exploiting natural movement, are applied to generate an image of the surrounding. For this purpose, different measurements are accomplished with stepped-frequency and frequency-modulated devices, and subsequent error metrics are defined and applied, highlighting their main limitations for those test scenarios.
Classificação de uso do solo urbano através da análise linear de mistura espectral com imagens de satélite

Os ambientes urbanos sao heterogeneos, sendo util simplifica-losem combinacoes de materiais basicos de uso e ocupacao do solo a fim de permitirestudos quantitativos. O modelo VIS proposto por Ridd em 1995 e um modelo conceptual que permite simplificar ambientes urbanos atraves da combinacao de trescomponentes basicos: vegetacao (V), superficie impermeavel (I) e solo (S). A maioria dos usos urbanos pode ser interpretada a luz de combinacoes destes tres componentes basicos. A analise da composicao do VIS permite revelar que a maioria dascaracteristicas urbanas tem a sua propria composicao original destes tres factores, aqual e dificil de observar atraves dos metodos de classificacao de imagens de sate-lite que operam ao nivel do pixel. Este trabalho examina as caracteristicas das classes de uso e ocupacao do solo urbano na Grande Area Metropolitana de Lisboa(GAML) utilizando tecnicas de classificacao baseadas no sub-pixel, nomeadamentea Analise de Mistura Espectral (AME), desenvolvendo um modelo conceptual paracaracterizar os padroes de ocupacao, sendo explorada e testada a aplicabilidade daAME para medir a composicao fisica da morfologia urbana, atraves de imagens multiespectrais Landsat 7 ETM+ e SPOT 5 HRVIR, avaliando, ao mesmo tempo, o efeitoque as diferencas de resolucao espacial podem ter nos resultados obtidos.
A novel [89Zr]-anti-PD-1-PET-CT to assess response to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in lung cancer

Background Harnessing the anti-tumor immune system response by targeting the program cell death protein (PD-1) and program cell death ligand protein (PD-L1) axis has been a major breakthrough in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) therapy. Nonetheless, conventional imaging tools cannot accurately assess response in immunotherapy-treated patients. Using a lung cancer syngeneic mouse model responder to immunotherapy, we aimed to demonstrate that [89Zr]-anti-PD-1 immuno-PET is a safe and feasible imaging modality to assess the response to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in NSCLC. Materials and methods A syngeneic mouse model responder to anti-PD-1 therapy was used. Tumor growth and response to PD-1 blockade were monitored by conventional 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]-FDG) PET scans. Additionally, tumor lymphocyte infiltration was analyzed by the use of an [89Zr]-labeled anti-PD-1 antibody and measured as 89Zr tumor uptake. Results Conventional [18F]-FDG-PET scans failed to detect the antitumor activity exerted by anti-PD-1 therapy. However, [89Zr]-anti-PD-1 uptake was substantially higher in mice that responded to PD-1 blockade. The analysis of tumor-infiltrating immune cell populations and interleukins demonstrated an increased anti-tumor effect elicited by activation of effector immune cells in PD-1-responder mice. Interestingly, a positive correlation between [89Zr]-anti-PD-1 uptake and the proportion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) was found (Cor = 0.8; p = 0.001). Conclusion Our data may support the clinical implementation of immuno-PET as a promising novel imaging tool to predict and assess the response of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in patients with NSCLC.
Ground Plane Detection Method using monocular color camera

of the ground plane detection method In section 2.1, we will explain the identical pixel detection method (IPD), used for extracting the ground plane. In section 2.2, we introduce the Prewitt edge detection method that is one of the edge detection methods. In section 2.3, we will introduce the combination of these two methods, explained in previous sections and extract the ground plane. And in section 2.4, we will explain the relationship of reference area size and performance of the ground extraction method, the auto -expanding algorithm and the performance improvement.
A Multi-agent System for Autonomous Control of Game Parameters

Control of game parameters to reach domain-related objectives cannot be easily handled with classic control theory approaches. Given the dynamics and complexity of modern game engines, diversity of human players and their constantly changing nature, this paper advocates for means to tune game parameters in real time, with no use of game or users models. The proposed approach, based on a multi-agent system, is used to control two dynamic systems before analyzing the results.
The Effects of Cognitive Control on the Subcomponents of Language Control in Spoken and Written Productions

Aims: The present study aimed to investigate whether and how the subcomponents of language control during spoken and written productions were modulated by cognitive control. Method: In the current study, unbalanced Chinese–English bilinguals were recruited from a convenience sample at a university to complete the cued language naming task in spoken production and written production, which measured the local language control (as indexed by language switch costs) and the global language control (as indexed by language mixing costs and reversed language dominance effect). In addition, all the participants performed the Simon task, which measured their general inhibitory control ability by calculating the Simon effect, and performed the AX-CPT task to measure their reactive/proactive control preference by calculating their BSI score. All the data were collected using E-prime 2.0 and analyzed in R. Linear mixed-effect model analyses were conducted to reveal the similarities and differences between spoken production and written production for the first-step analysis. Then, the Simon effect and BSI scores were inserted into the mixed-effect models of the switch costs and mixing costs in spoken production and written production, respectively, to explore whether cognitive control can predict the subcomponents of bilingual control. Results: The results showed similar symmetrical switch costs in spoken and written modalities. In contrast, there was a reversed language dominance effect (in the mixed language context) and asymmetrical mixing costs in spoken production but neither in written production. Furthermore, we found that the Simon effect significantly negatively predicted the L2 mixing costs in spoken production, whereas the BSI score significantly negatively predicted both the L1 and L2 mixing costs in written production. Conclusion: The findings indicated that, for unbalanced bilinguals, local language control is shared between two modalities, while global language control is modality-independent between spoken production and written production. More importantly, the findings also suggested that global language control in spoken production relies more on the individuals’ general inhibitory control, while in written production, it relies more on their cognitive control strategy. Global language control in spoken and written productions separately engages specific aspects of cognitive control, which may account for different forms of processing in global language control between speaking and writing.
Single‐crystal elastic properties of omphacite‐C2/c by Brillouin spectroscopy

Single-crystal Brillouin scattering measurements of elastic moduli were performed on an eclogitic omphacite (space group C2/c) with chemical composition close to the diopside (CaMgSiO2O6, 29.9 mol %)-jadeite (NaAlSi2O6, 57.8 mol %) join. Prom the 13 elastic moduli measured under ambient conditions we calculate the adiabatic bulk modulus, KS = 130.8 ±0.5 GPa, and the shear modulus, μ = 79.2 ± 0.2 GPa. The magnitudes of all longitudinal elastic moduli (C11, C22, and C33) are inferred to be influenced primarily by the MgO6 and CaO8, or M polyhedra. Although the silica tetrahedra are extremely stiff, the great rotational freedom of these polyhedra yields a mechanical unit (tetrahedral chains) which is relatively compliant. Virtually all of the omphacite moduli are intermediate in value to those for diopside and Jadeite. Most of the moduli for omphacitic pyroxene can be estimated to within several percent by interpolation between the end member elastic moduli weighted according to the molar percentages of diopside and Jadeite.
Contribution of Icelandic ice caps to sea level rise: Trends and variability since the Little Ice Age

In total, Icelandic ice caps contain ∼3600 km3 of ice, which if melted would raise sea level by ∼1 cm. Here, we present an overview of mass changes of Icelandic ice masses since the end of the 19th century. They have both gained and lost mass during this period. Changes in ice volume have been estimated both through surface mass balance measurements (performed annually since ∼1990) and differencing of digital elevation models derived from various satellite and airborne observations. While the glaciers showed little mass loss as the 20th century began, losses increased rapidly after 1925, peaked in the 1930s and 1940s, and remained significant until the 1960s. After being near‐zero or even positive during the 1980s and early 1990s, glacier mass budgets declined considerably, and have since the mid‐1990s shown an average annual loss of 9.5±1.5 Gt a−1, contributing ∼0.03 mm a−1 to sea level rise. Since 1995 interannual variability in mass loss is high, ranging from 2.7 to 25.3±1.5 Gt a−1, corresponding to surface mass balances of −0.2 to −2.2 ± 0.15 m we a−1. This variability is driven by climate fluctuations and also by transient reduction of albedo due to volcanic eruptions.
An Overview of Image Generation of Industrial Surface Defects

Intelligent defect detection technology combined with deep learning has gained widespread attention in recent years. However, the small number, and diverse and random nature, of defects on industrial surfaces pose a significant challenge to deep learning-based methods. Generating defect images can effectively solve this problem. This paper investigates and summarises traditional defect generation and deep learning-based methods. It analyses the various advantages and disadvantages of these methods and establishes a benchmark through classical adversarial networks and diffusion models. The performance of these methods in generating defect images is analysed through various indices. This paper discusses the existing methods, highlights the shortcomings and challenges in the field of defect image generation, and proposes future research directions. Finally, the paper concludes with a summary.
The effect of personal factors and situational factors on impulse buying on Tiket.com users in Indonesia

This study aims to examines the effect of personal factors and situational factors on impulse buying in the context of impulse tourism especially on Tiket.com users in Indonesia. The survey method was used, and questionnaires were distributed to Tiket.com users. A sample of 400 respondents and the data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis with the help of SPSS 26 version software. The findings reveal that impulse buying tendency (IBT), materialism (MT), use of credit cards (CCU), personal situation (PS), motivational activities by retailers (MAR), serendipity information (SI) have a positive and significant effect on impulsive buying among Tiket.com users in Indonesia. Higher level of IBT, MT, CCU, PS, MAR, and SI variables increase the impulse buying impulse purchases for Tiket.com users in Indonesia. However, the research shows that website quality (WQ) and product attributes (PA) have a negative and significant influence on impulsive buying. The shopping enjoyment tendency (SET) and scarcity (SC) have no effect on impulsive buying (IB) for Tiket.com users in Indonesia. Based on these findings, it is suggested that further studies be conducted utilizing the same model with various objects to compare impulse purchases among Online Travel Agent (OTA) users and provide new insights into consumer behaviour, along with explore other factors that influence impulse purchases.
Do Private Transaction Pools Mitigate Frontrunning Risk?

Blockchain users who submit transactions through private pools are guaranteed pre-trade privacy but face execution risk. We argue that private pools serve the intended purpose of eliminating frontrunning risk, only if such risk is high. Otherwise, some validators may decide to avoid monitoring private pools to preserve rents extracted from fron-trunning bots. Private pools intensify the execution arms race for bots, thus decreasing their payoffs and increasing validators’ rents. The private pool option reduces blockspace allocative inefficiencies and raises aggregate welfare.
Drought-induced mortality of a Bornean tropical rain forest amplified by climate change

[1] Drought-related tree mortality at a regional scale causes drastic shifts in carbon and water cycling in Southeast Asian tropical rain forests, where severe droughts are projected to occur more frequently, especially under El Nino conditions. We examine how the mortality of a Bornean tropical rain forest is altered by projected shifts in rainfall, using field measurements, global climate model (GCM) simulation outputs, and an index developed for drought-induced tree mortality (Tree Death Indexη) associated with a stochastic ecohydrological model. All model parameters have clear physical meanings and were obtained by field observations. Rainfall statistics as primary model forcing terms are constructed from long-term rainfall records for the late 20th century, and 14 GCM rainfall projections for the late 21st century. These statistics indicate that there were sporadic severe droughts corresponding with El Nino events, generally occurring in January–March, and that seasonality in rainfall will become more pronounced, e.g., dry (January–March) seasons becoming drier and wet (October–December) seasons becoming wetter. The computedη well reflects high tree mortality under severe drought during the 1997–1998 El Nino event. For the present, model results demonstrate high and low probabilities of mortality in January–March and October–December, respectively, and they predict that the difference in such probabilities will increase in the future. Such high probability of mortality in the dry season is still significantly high, even considering the beneficial effect of increased soil water storage in the wet season (which is projected to increase in the late 21st century).
Effect of Circadian Rhythm and Sleep Quality on Post-operative Pain in Patients with Spinal Anesthesia

Objective: In our study, we aimed to investigate the effects of circadian rhythm and sleep quality on post-operative pain in patients who will undergo minor pelvic surgery under spinal anesthesia. Methods: The prospective study includes 60 patients, aged 18–65, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I-III, whose operation was planned by general surgery and urology by applying spinal anesthesia, and divided into two groups, 30 in the morning and 30 in the afternoon, according to the time of surgery. Sleep quality with preoperative Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PUKI), demographic data, preoperative and peroperative heart rate, systolic, diastolic blood pressure, peripheral oxygen saturation values, post-operative 0th, 6th, 12th, 24th h Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores, the total amount of analgesic used in the first 24 h postoperatively, and time to first and second analgesic needs were recorded. Results: It was determined that 24 (40%) of the patients had good sleep quality according to PUKI. When the patients were grouped as those who had surgery in the morning and after-noon, no significant difference was found between the groups in terms of age, gender, ASA, and sleep quality. When the correlation between PUKI scores and VAS scores was examined, no correlation was observed. In the morning group, VAS0 (p=0.005), VAS6 (p<0.001), and VAS24 (p=0.04) values were lower, post-operative analgesic requirement was less, and the time to first and second analgesic requirement was longer. It was found that there was no significant difference in terms of quality. Conclusion: As a result, it was concluded that if the anesthetic agents we use are applied at selected times, the treatments can be more effective, the drugs can be arranged according to the application hours to optimize the effectiveness of the agents and perhaps reduce their toxic effects, and that more comprehensive studies, especially including night studies, should be done.