Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Planting trees in graphs, and finding them back

In this paper we study detection and reconstruction of planted structures in Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi random graphs. Motivated by a problem of communication security, we focus on planted structures that consist in a tree graph. For planted line graphs, we establish the following phase diagram. In a low density region where the average degree $\lambda$ of the initial graph is below some critical value $\lambda_c=1$, detection and reconstruction go from impossible to easy as the line length $K$ crosses some critical value $f(\lambda)\ln(n)$, where $n$ is the number of nodes in the graph. In the high density region $\lambda>\lambda_c$, detection goes from impossible to easy as $K$ goes from $o(\sqrt{n})$ to $\omega(\sqrt{n})$, and reconstruction remains impossible so long as $K=o(n)$. For $D$-ary trees of varying depth $h$ and $2\le D\le O(1)$, we identify a low-density region $\lambda \lambda_D$, but confirm only the following part of this picture: Detection is easy for $D$-ary trees of size $\omega(\sqrt{n})$, while at best only partial reconstruction is feasible for $D$-ary trees of any size $o(n)$. These results are in contrast with the corresponding picture for detection and reconstruction of {\em low rank} planted structures, such as dense subgraphs and block communities: We observe a discrepancy between detection and reconstruction, the latter being impossible for a wide range of parameters where detection is easy. This property does not hold for previously studied low rank planted structures.
Geospatial modelling of tropical cyclone risks to the northeast coasts 1 of Oman: Marine hazard mitigation and management policies

31 Globally, an increasing and more dispersed population, as well as climate change, have 32 led to growing impacts of environmental hazards, particularly across areas prone to 33 extreme weather events such as tropical cyclones. Tropical cyclones frequently cause 34 fatalities, damage to infrastructure, and disruption to economic activities. The north and 35 northeast regions of Oman, particularly the Oman seacoast, are prone to the storm 36 surges, windstorms and extreme precipitation events associated with these tropical 37 storms. However, integrated spatial risk assessments, for the purpose of mapping 38 cyclone risk at subnational geographic scales, have not yet been developed in this area. 39 Here we evaluate and map cyclone risk using four independent components of risk: 40 hazard, exposure, vulnerability and mitigation capacity. An integrated risk index was 41 calculated using a geographical information system (GIS) and an analytical hierarchical 42 process (AHP) technique, based on a geodatabase including 17 variables (i.e., GIS data 43 layers) and criteria, with rank and weight scores for each criterion. The resulting risk 44 assessment reveals the spatial variation in cyclone risk across the study area and 45 highlights how this variation is controlled by variations in physical hazard, exposure, 46 vulnerability and emergency preparedness. The risk maps reveal that, despite their 47 perceived adaptive capacity for disaster mitigation, the population and assets in low- 48 lying lands situated near the coastline in the east of Muscat, as well as the Al-Batnah 49 south governorates, are at high risk due to cyclones. Furthermore, the coastal zones of 50 the urban Wilayats of the Muscat governorate were also found to be at high, to very 51 high, risk. This study has several policy implications and can provide effective 52 guidelines for natural hazard preparedness and mitigation across the northern coasts of 53 Oman. 54
in during primary succession in

c e p t d r t macro-detritivores, microarthropod microbivores and secondary consumers (brown web groups) continuously increased towards the latest successional stages. These results suggest that green web trophic groups are mainly driven by vegetation parameters, such as the amount of bare soil, vegetation biomass production, and vegetation height, while brown web trophic groups are mostly driven by the production and standing stock of dead organic material and soil development. 5. Our results show that plant diversity cannot simply be used as a proxy for the diversity of all other species groups that drive ecosystem functioning, as brown and green diversity components in our ecosystem responded differently to successional gradients.
NS1619 Alleviate Brain-Derived Extracellular Vesicle-Induced Brain Injury by Regulating BKca Channel and Nrf2/HO-1/NF-ĸB Pathway

Brain induced extracellular vesicle (BDEV) elevates after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and contributes to secondary brain injury. However, the role of BDEV in TBI remains unclear. In this study, we determined the mechanisms of BDEV in brain injury and explored whether neuroprotective drug BKca channel opener NS1619 may attenuate BDEV-induced brain injury. We injected BDEV and lactadherin, respectively, to mimic the up and downregulation of BDEV after TBI and illustrated the role of BDEV in vivo. In vitro, the membrane potential and calcium concentration of HT-22, bEnd3, and BV-2 were measured by fluorescent staining. The effects of BDEV and NS1619 on HT-22 were evaluated by CCK-8, LDH release assay, Na+/k+-ATPase activity, JC-1 staining, DHE staining, and 4-HNE staining, respectively. The role of BDEV and NS1619 on the Nrf2/HO-1/p65 pathway was also evaluated in HT-22. Finally, we administrated TBI mice with NS1619 to clarify the role of NS1619 against BDEV in vivo. Our results suggested that BDEV aggravated and lactadherin mitigated TBI-induced EB leakage, brain edema, neuronal degeneration, apoptosis, ROS level, microgliosis, MMP-9 activity, and NF-κB activation. In vitro, BDEV-caused depolarized membrane potential and calcium overload were significantly attenuated by NS1619 in HT-22, bEnd3, and BV-2. BDEV markedly decreased cell viability, Na+/k+-ATPase activity, and caused mitochondrial dysregulation, oxidative stress, and NF-ĸB activation. NS1619 pretreatment alleviated above process and enhanced antioxidant system Nrf2/HO-1 in HT-22. Finally, NS1619 administration significantly inhibited neuroinflammation response and improved TBI outcome after TBI. NS1619 treatment also reduced 4-HNE content and NF-ĸB activation and enhanced Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Our data showed that BDEV aggravated brain injury by perturbing cell membrane potential, calcium homeostasis, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. The BKca channel opener NS1619 attenuated BDEV-induced pathological process in vitro and in vivo by modulating the BKca channel and Nrf2/HO-1/NF-ĸB pathway.
Midfrequency Vibrations of a Complex Structure: Experiments and Comparison with Numerical Simulations

The results of an experimental study of the vibrations of a complex, three-dimensional heterogeneous structure under broadband excitations and comparisons with numerical simulations are presented. The so-called midfrequency range is exhibited for the tested structure, and a modeling strategy is proposed on the basis of physical observations from the measured frequency response functions and mechanical energies. A time-frequency algorithm is used for the numerical analyses at the intermediate frequencies, which reveal the current shortcomings of the available numerical methods.
Bird-inspired robotics principles as a framework for developing smart aerospace materials

Birds are notable for their ability to seamlessly transition between different locomotory functions by dynamically leveraging their shape-shifting morphology. In contrast, the performance of aerial vehicles is constrained to a narrow flight envelope. To understand which functional morphological principles enable birds to successfully adapt to complex environments on the wing, engineers have started to develop biomimetic models of bird morphing flight, perching, aerial grasping and dynamic pursuit. These studies show how avian morphological capabilities are enabled by the biomaterial properties that make up their multifunctional biomechanical structures. The hierarchical structural design includes concepts like lightweight skeletons actuated by distributed muscles that shapeshift the body, informed by embedded sensing, combined with a soft streamlined external surface composed of thousands of overlapping feathers. In aerospace engineering, these functions are best replicated by smart materials, including composites, that incorporate sensing, actuation, communication, and computation. Here we provide a review of recently developed biohybrid, biomimetic, and bioinspired robot structural design principles. To inspire integrative smart material design, we first synthesize the new principles into an aerial robot concept to translate it into its aircraft equivalent. Promising aerospace applications include multifunctional morphing wing structures composed out of smart composites with embedded sensing, artificial muscles for robotic actuation, and fast actuating compliant structures with integrated sensors. The potential benefits of developing and mass-manufacturing these materials for future aerial robots and aircraft include improving flight performance, mission scope, and environmental resilience.
Simulation of the detectability of different surface properties with bistatic radar observations

Bistatic radar (BSR) is a well-established technology to probe surfaces of planets and also small bodies like asteroids and comets. The radio subsystem onboard the spacecraft serves as the transmitter and the ground station on Earth as the receiver of the radio signal in the bistatic radar configuration. A part of the reflected signal is scattered towards the receiver which records both the right-hand circular polarized (RHCP) and left-hand circular polarized (LHCP) echo components. From the measurement of those, geophysical properties like surface roughness and dielectric constant can be derived. Such observations aim at extracting the radar reflectivity coefficient of the surface, which is also called the radar-cross section. This coefficient depends on the physical properties of the surface. We developed a bistatic radar simulation tool that utilizes hardware acceleration and massively-parallel programming paradigms available on modern GPUs. It is based on the Shooting and Bouncing Rays (SBR) method (sometimes also called Ray-Launching Geometrical Optics), which we have adapted for the GPU and implemented using hardware-accelerated raytracing. This provides high-performance estimation of the scattering of electromagnetic waves from surfaces, which is highly desirable since surfaces can become very large relative to the surface features that need to be resolved by the simulation method. for example, deal with the asteroids 1 Ceres and 4 Vesta, which have mean diameters of around 974 km and 529 km, resp. , which are very large surfaces relative to the sizes of the surface features. But even smaller objects can require a large number of rays for sampling the surface with a density large enough for accurate results. In this paper, we present our new, very efficient simulation method, its application to several examples with various shapes and surface properties, and examine limits of the detectability of water ice on small bodies.
Journal Pre-proof Glucagon Changes Substrate Preference in Gluconeogenesis

Fasting hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus is caused by unregulated glucagon secretion that activates gluconeogenesis (GNG) and increases the use of pyruvate, lactate, amino acids, and glycerol. Studies of GNG in hepatocytes, however, tend to test a limited number of substrates at non-physiologic concentrations. Therefore, we treated cultured primary hepatocytes with three identical substrate mixtures of pyruvate/lactate, glutamine, and glycerol at serum fasting concentrations, where a different U- 13 C or 2- 13 C labeled substrate was substituted in each mix. In the absence of glucagon stimulation, 80% of glucose produced in primary hepatocytes incorporated either one or two 13 C-labeled glycerol molecules in a 1:1 ratio, reflecting the high overall activity of this pathway. In contrast, glucose produced from 13 C-labeled pyruvate/lactate or glutamine rarely incorporated two labeled molecules. While glucagon increased glycerol and pyruvate/lactate contribution to glucose carbon by 1.6- and 1.8-fold, respectively, glutamine contribution to glucose carbon was increased 6.4-fold in primary hepatocytes. To account for substrate 13 C carbon loss during metabolism, we also performed a metabolic flux analysis, which confirmed that the majority of glucose carbon produced by primary hepatocytes was from glycerol. In vivo studies using a PKA-activation mouse model that represents elevated glucagon activity confirmed that most circulating lactate carbons originated from glycerol, but very little glycerol was derived from lactate carbons, reflecting glycerol’s importance as a carbon donor to GNG. Given diverse entry points for GNG substrates, hepatic glucagon action is unlikely to be due to a single mechanism. Total ion count of cellular acetyl-CoA in primary hepatocytes treated with 20 nM glucagon, or 0.2 mM free fatty acids , or both in the presence of four substrates labeled with 13 C 3 glycerol, 13 C 3 pyruvate/lactate or 13 C 5 glutamine. All data are expressed as mean ± s.e. m. Statistical analysis was using ANOVA testing between
Learning from Noisy Pairwise Similarity and Unlabeled Data

SU classification employs similar (S) data pairs (two examples belong to the same class) and unlabeled (U) data points to build a classifier, which can serve as an alternative to the standard supervised trained classifiers requiring data points with class labels. SU classification is advantageous because in the era of big data, more attention has been paid to data privacy. Datasets with specific class labels are often difficult to obtain in real-world classification applications regarding privacy-sensitive matters, such as politics and religion, which can be a bottleneck in supervised classification. Fortunately, similarity labels do not reveal the explicit information and inherently protect the privacy, e.g., collecting answers to “With whom do you share the same opinion on issue I ? ” instead of “What is your opinion on issue I ? ”. Nevertheless, SU classification still has an ∗. The
Review of the shear-stress transport turbulence model experience from an industrial perspective

The present author was asked to provide an update on the status and the more recent developments around the shear-stress transport (SST) turbulence model for this special issue of the journal. The article is therefore not intended as a comprehensive overview of the status of engineering turbulence modelling in general, nor on the overall turbulence modelling strategy for ANSYS computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in particular. It is clear from many decades of turbulence modelling that no single model – nor even a single modelling approach – can solve all engineering flows. Any successful CFD code will therefore have to offer a wide range of models from simple Eddy-viscosity models through second moment closures all the way to the variety of unsteady modelling concepts currently under development. This article is solely intended to outline the role of the concepts behind the SST model in current and future CFD simulations of engineering flows.
A new automated method for improving georeferencing of nighttime ECOSTRESS ther-1 mal imagery 2

17 Georeferencing accuracy plays a crucial role in providing high-quality ready-to-use remote sens-18 ing data. Georeferencing of satellite imagery is typically based on position and pointing direction 19 of a sensor, which are provided by star trackers and GPS. As the Ecosystem Spaceborne Thermal 20 Radiometer Experiment on Space Station (ECOSTRESS) is not equipped with star trackers, georef-21 erencing of its imagery is based on the inaccurate knowledge about the location of its platform (the 22 International Space Station) and later adjusted by image matching to the Landsat Orthobase. Al-23 though the georeferencing accuracy for daytime imagery is relatively high, we have observed that the 24 nighttime imagery in Olkaria (Kenya), exhibits errors of 13.7 pixels on average, but in extreme cases 25 even 62 pixels. Image based georeferencing in nighttime thermal satellite imagery is challenging, due 26 to complexity of thermal radiation patterns in diurnal cycle and coarse resolution of thermal sensors 27 in comparison to sensors imaging in the visual spectral range. Our paper introduces a novel approach 28 for improved georeferencing of nighttime thermal imagery. We use object based matching of water 29 bodies to an up-to-date landcover reference with high geolocation accuracy. Dynamically changing 30 land cover often renders (static) land cover data bases unusable as a reliable reference basemap. We 31 overcome this issue by automatically creating an up-to-date landcover reference to match acquisition 32 time of the target image. Additionally, we use object based matching to account for lower spatial 33 resolution of thermal sensors, as well as potential sharpness issues. In our method, edges of water 34 bodies serve as matching objects, as they exhibit a relatively high contrast to adjacent areas. Results 35 show that our method improves the existing georeferencing of ECOSTRESS images by 10.6 pixels on 36 average, and an average accuracy of ± 3.1 pixels is achieved. The accuracy of our method depends 37 on accurate cloud masks, because cloud edges can be mismatched as water-body edges and included 38 in fitting of transformation parameters. We tested our method on ECOSTRESS imagery, but it is 39 possible to be used with data from other sensors as well. 40
PEDIGREE SELECTION IN F 3 AND F 4 GENERATIONS FOR GRAIN YIELD OF DURUM WHEAT

: This study was carried out during the three successive seasons of 2004/2005, 2005/2006 and 2006/2007 at the Experimental Farm Two durum wheat populations ( Triticum durum L.) in F 3 generation of the crosses Chahba 88 x Bani-Swief 1 and Carcomun x Sohag 3 were used in this investigation. One hundred F 3 families underwent pedigree selection in the F 3 basic materials. The best plant from each of the best 20 families for each selection criterion, namely days to heading, greater 100-kernel weight and higher grain yield were saved to give the F 4 families. The analysis of variance showed highly significant differences between F 3 families in both populations and satisfactory genotypic coefficients of variation were detected for some traits. Grain yield increased after two cycles of selection in the two populations relative to the better parent by 14.14% in Pop.1 and by 15.97% in Pop.2, respectively. Selection for 100-kernel weight increased grain yield by 9.86% in Pop.1 and by 8.03% in Pop.2 as compared to the better parent. The best two families No. 24 and 46 in Pop.1; and No. 1 and 21 in Pop.2 were higher in grain yield than the better parent by 21.15 and 16.67%; 23.62 and 25.56%, respectively, when grain yield was used as a selection criterion. After two cycles of selection, the realized gains indicated that heading date was reduced by 13.42 and 9.21 days for Pop.1 and Pop.2 respectively, as compared to the base population. The pedigree selection procedure an breeding methodology for developing high yielding genotypes.
Effects of Corn Cob Ash as Partial Replacement of Cement for Stabilization of an Expansive Clay

Expansive soil is a serious problem because it damages civil engineering projects and has an impact on Ethiopia’s road development expansion. In this study, an attempt has been made to assess the effects of corn cob ash (CCA) as a partial replacement of cement for the stabilization of an expansive clay to be used as road subgrade material. Corn cob is a waste agricultural product obtained during the production of corn. After it has been converted to ash, tests are carried out on the pozzolanic property and elemental composition of corn cob ash (CCA). Preliminary tests were performed on the natural soil sample for purposes of classification and identification of some required properties of the sample. Following the required preliminary laboratory analysis, the clay was stabilized with cement and CCA in varying proportions of 2, 4, 6, and 8%, separately. The maximum stabilization effect occurs at 8 and 4% of cement and CCA, respectively. With this percentage, the CBR of the sample increased from 2.62% at 0% to 10.47% and 3.31% at 8 and 4% of cement and CCA, respectively. As a result, 8% of cement was taken as the total amount for different cement and corn cob ash (C: CCA) ratios of 1 : 1, 1 : 2, 1 : 3, and 1 : 4 in the blending stabilization. The optimum blending effect on the strength of stabilized subgrade occurs at a 1 : 2 ratio, containing 2.7% cement and 5.3% CCA. With this ratio, the CBR of the sample increased from 2.62% at 0% to 6.72%. As a result, 5.3% of the cement was substituted with CCA, which had a comparable effect on subgrade strength due to the ideal percentage of cement stabilized. Hence, it can be concluded that CCA can serve as a good complement for the partial replacement of cement in subgrade stabilization.
The Lerch zeta function and the Heisenberg group

This paper gives a representation-theoretic interpretation of the Lerch zeta function and related Lerch $L$-functions twisted by Dirichlet characters. These functions are associated to a four-dimensional solvable real Lie group $H^{J}$, called here the sub-Jacobi group, which is a semi-direct product of $GL(1, {\mathbb R})$ with the Heisenberg group $H({\mathbb R})$. The Heisenberg group action on L^2-functions on the Heisenberg nilmanifold $H({\mathbb Z}) \backslash H({\mathbb R})$ decomposes as $\bigoplus_{N \in {\mathbb Z}} H_N$, where each space $H_N~ (N \neq 0)$ consists of $|N|$ copies of an irreducible representation of $H({\mathbb R})$ with central character $e^{2 \pi i Nz}$. The paper shows that show one can further decompose $H_N (N \ne 0)$ into irreducible $H({\mathbb R})$-modules $H_{N,d}(\chi)$ indexed by Dirichlet characters $(\bmod~ d)$ for $d \mid N$, each of which carries an irreducible $H^J$-action. On each $H_{N,d}(\chi)$ there is an action of certain two-variable Hecke operators $\{T_m: m \ge 1\}$; these Hecke operators have a natural global definition on all of $L^2(H({\mathbb Z})\backslash H({\mathbb R}))$, including the space of one-dimensional representations $H_0$. For $H_{N,d}(\chi)$ with $N \neq 0$ suitable Lerch $L$-functions on the critical line $\frac{1}{2} + it$ form a complete family of generalized eigenfunctions (pure continuous spectrum) for a certain linear partial differential operator $\Delta_L$. These Lerch $L$-functions are also simultaneous eigenfunctions for all two-variable Hecke operators $T_m$ and their adjoints $T_m^{\ast}$, provided $(m, N/d) = 1$. Lerch $L$-functions are characterized by this Hecke eigenfunction property.
Inference and further probabilistic properties of the SU N n , 2 -distribution

In this paper the normal-skew-normal distribution, proposed by Gomez et al. (Statistics 47:411–421, 2013), is extended to the multivariate case. It is also a special case of SU N n , 2 -distribution, recently studied by Arellano-Valle and Genton (Chil J Stat2:17–34,2010). Weshowthattheproposeddistributioncanbeexpressedasashapemixtureofthemultivariateextendedskew-normaldistribution.Applyingthispropertyleadstoderivingstochasticrepresentationsfortheproposeddistribution. Alsowegivesomebasicpropertiesforthisnewfamily.ComputationaltechniquesusingEM-typealgorithmsareemployedforiterativelycomputingmaximumlikelihoodestimates.Finally,anapplicationofthenewdistributionisillustratedusingsomerealdatasets.
Simplification of linear time-invariant systems by moment approximants †

Abstract Given a system S characterized by a transfer function, a practical method is developed for finding a system S∗ with proper rational transfer function of small denominator degree, such that the step response of S∗ is, in an appropriate sense, the baat approximant to the step response of S. The method is extended to multivariable systems. Various relations between moment and Pade approximants are derived.