Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The applications of carbon nanomaterials in fiber-shaped energy storage devices

As a promising candidate for future demand, fiber-shaped electrochemical energy storage devices, such as supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries have obtained considerable attention from academy to industry. Carbon nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotube and graphene, have been widely investigated as electrode materials due to their merits of light weight, flexibility and high capacitance. In this review, recent progress of carbon nanomaterials in flexible fiber-shaped energy storage devices has been summarized in accordance with the development of fibrous electrodes, including the diversified electrode preparation, functional and intelligent device structure, and large-scale production of fibrous electrodes or devices.
Stable topological transitivity of skew and principal extensions

Let G be a compact connected Lie group, and M be a compact G-manifold. Let Φ be a smooth G-equivariant diffeomorphism of M, and Λ⊂M be a compact G- and Φ-invariant subset. We assume that Λ is partially hyperbolic, with central foliation given by G-orbits. Let ϕ:Λ/G→Λ/G denote the homeomorphism induced by Φ on the orbit space. Subject to certain conditions, we show that the set of topologically transitive Hölder (or Ck) equivariant homeomorphisms of Λ covering ϕ is open and dense in Hölder (Ck) topology. Our results apply to skew and principal extensions by a compact connected semisimple Lie group over a general basic hyperbolic set.
An overview of current technologies and emerging trends in factory automation

In this paper we provide an overview of recent theoretical approaches and technologies that respond to the fundamental challenges of modern factory automation. We classify these major methods and technologies into several groups and, for seven of them - namely: vertical integration of factory automation systems; distributed and decentralised control, smart sensors and actuators in factories; networked control systems and wireless sensors and actuators; autonomy and self-organisation of factories; advanced sensing for factory automation; semantic models of factories; engineering methods of factory automation systems - we report recent research contributions and formulate open technical problems in the domain of modern factory automation.
Community Stakeholder Responses to Countering Violent Extremism Locally

ABSTRACT In the United States, despite federal efforts to empower communities to form local governance networks to develop and implement collaborative countering violent extremism (CVE) programs, local CVE governance networks are rare. Why do CVE governance networks emerge within only some communities? I argue that three factors—interest in CVE, capacity to participate, and facilitation—determine the prospects for the emergence of a CVE governance network within a community. The article uses a matching technique to identify and compare the community stakeholder responses to CVE in two communities—Houston, TX and Columbus, OH. Survey research of stakeholders who participated in Houston and stakeholders most likely to participate in Columbus but did not highlights the importance of the three factors. By focusing on these drivers of collaborative governance, the article provides an explanation for the lack of CVE collaboration in the United States.
Bayesian Methods and Extensions for the Two State Markov Modulated Poisson Process

We develop a framework for detecting fraud committed by a criminal existing outside the network of accounts he victimizes. The cornerstone of our approach is a Markov modulated Poisson process (MMPP), a Poisson process on which a second Poisson process is superimposed at random intervals determined by a Markov process. The MMPP is known in queuing theory but rare in statistics. The Markov process describes the presence/absence of the criminal. The second Poisson process describes the criminal's tra c when he is present. The theory switches from continuous time to a discrete index set by considering intervals between observations as a sequence of dependent random variables. A result from hidden Markov models (Baum et al., 1970) enables sampling of MMPP parameters from their posterior distribution, given event times, using a Gibbs sampler with only two steps per iteration. One Gibbs step reconstructs the original Poisson and Markov processes from their superposition. The other samples model parameters given the complete data. Displays are produced showing the probability a criminal is present as a function of time. Several extensions to the MMPP are developed. An expanded de nition of hidden Markov models is given, enabling consideration of background tra c generated by a nonhomogeneous Poisson process. Parallel series of events are modeled with mixtures of hierarchical models. Covariates associated with each event are allowed. The ability to stochastically reconstruct the original processes from their superposition in a single Gibbs step is preserved throughout. Our approach is an important departure from earlier fraud detection procedures focusing on characteristics of a single event. The model accepts output from such procedures as covariates, resulting in a principled accumulation of evidence over time. From an applied perspective this means the algorithm may be viewed either as a supplement to existing fraud detection systems or as a free standing procedure in its own right. This and other features of the model are illustrated on an AT&T data set containing information about fraud in international telephone tra c. This thesis was supervised by Arthur Dempster.
Towards an Intelligent Biomedical Engineering With Nature-Inspired Artificial Intelligence Techniques

Artificial intelligence has a remarkable effect on many different fields with its flexible and comprehensive solution approaches to solve real-world problems. In this context, the field of biomedical engineering has also been affected by employment of different artificial intelligence-based techniques. This chapter aims to give a theoretical discussion on using nature-inspired artificial intelligent techniques for obtaining intelligent applications within biomedical engineering. As it is known, techniques within the field of artificial intelligence are inspired from nature. So, it is a good approach to focus on nature-inspired techniques for discussing intelligent biomedical engineering research works. Readers will have a chance to understand some ways of using artificial intelligence for achieving better results in biomedical engineering and the related developments associated with this field.
Consistent scenarios for cosmic-ray excesses from Sommerfeld-enhanced dark matter annihilation

Anomalies in direct and indirect detection have motivated models of dark matter consisting of a multiplet of nearly-degenerate states, coupled by a new GeV-scale interaction. We perform a careful analysis of the thermal freezeout of dark matter annihilation in such a scenario. We compute the range of ``boost factors'' arising from Sommerfeld enhancement in the local halo for models which produce the correct relic density, and show the effect of including constraints on the saturated enhancement from the cosmic microwave background (CMB). We find that boost factors from Sommerfeld enhancement of up to ∼ 800 are possible in the local halo. When the CMB bounds on the saturated enhancement are applied, the maximal boost factor is reduced to ∼ 400 for 1–2 TeV dark matter and sub-GeV force carriers, but remains large enough to explain the observed Fermi and PAMELA electronic signals. We describe regions in the DM mass-boost factor plane where the cosmic ray data is well fit for a range of final states, and show that Sommerfeld enhancement alone is enough to provide the large annihilation cross sections required to fit the data, although for light mediator masses (mϕ≲200 MeV) there is tension with the CMB constraints in the absence of astrophysical boost factors from substructure. Additionally, we consider the circumstances under which WIMPonium formation is relevant and find for heavy WIMPs (≳2TeV) and soft-spectrum annihilation channels it can be an important consideration; we find regions with mχ≳2.8TeV that are consistent with the CMB bounds with 𝒪(600–700) present-day boost factors.
On the spectra of adic transformations of Markov compacta

2. We consider stationary adic transformations [2]. Then we formulate a combinatorial result on sufficient conditions for the presence or absence of the continuous component in the spectrum. Another approach—finding out connections with diophantine approximations for the roots of the characteristic polynomial of the transformation matrix—has been developed by the participants of the seminar of A.M. Vershik, who drew the author's attention to this subject. In particular, in the proof of the next theorem an operator-theoretic result of Solomyak [10] is used. Suppose that a strictly ergodic adic transformation has a state space /",· = D = (1, ., m), and a constant transition matrix Μ (that is, the transformation is stationary) every element of which is equal to either 0 or 1. We associate with the ί-th column of Μ a word Xj in the alphabet D, whose letters are all the indices of non-zero letters of the ? -th column listed in increasing order. We introduce the oo oo transformation <ujf : U D -*• U J D A as follows: l=ft l=ft
Coherence protection by the Zeno effect

We show that multidimensional Zeno effect allows one to efficiently protect quantum systems from coherence loss by a method similar to classical coding. Contrary to the conventional approach, our method is applicable to arbitrary error-induced Hamiltonians and general quantum systems. We propose algorithms for finding the coherence-protecting codes along with a method of practical encoding by non-holonomic control. Two new single-error–correcting codes are constructed that surpass the bounds valid for classical quantum codes.
Morphological study of pancreatic duct in red jungle fowl

Morphological and histochemical study of the pancreas and pancreatic ducts of ten adult red jungle fowl (Gallus gallus spadiceus) were carried out by means of light microscopy. The bulk of the pancreas consists of a dorsal, ventral, third and small splenic lobe. Three pancreatic ducts were recognized as they join the proximal end of the ascending duodenum. The exocrine units were composed of main pancreatic tissues, while the endocrine units were observed frequently in the third and splenic lobes. A single layer of pyramidal cells with acidophilic zymogen granules and small centro-acinar cells were formed in the exocrine acinus. The intercalated duct was lined by flattened epithelium which changed to cuboidal in the intralobular duct, while the interlobular and main pancreatic ducts were lined by simple columnar epithelium. Three types of cells were detected within the surface epithelium: principal, light and basal cells. These cells possess short luminal projections with a fuzzy surface coat. Apical neutral and sulfomucin reaction indicated involvement of these epithelial with secretion. Neither goblet cells nor ductal glands were found in the pancreatic ducts. Secretion of both neutral and sulfated materials by the epithelial lining the pancreatic ducts, suggesting that they are acting not only to facilitate the transport of the pancreatic juice, but also as a protective barrier to protect the gland from autodigestion.
Discrete-time Sliding Mode Control: A Multirate Output Feedback Approach

Introduction. - Switching Function bases Multirate Output Feedback Sliding Mode Control. - Multirate Output Feedback based Discrete-time Sliding Mode in LTI systems with Uncertainty. - Multirate Output Feedback based Discrete-time Quasi-Sliding Mode Control of Time-Delay Systems. - Multirate Output Feedback Sliding Mode for Special Classes of Systems. - Discrete-time Terminal Sliding Mode: Concept. - Applications of Multirate Output Feedback Discrete-time Sliding Mode Control.
Particle control and SOL plasma flow in the W-shaped divertor of JT-60U tokamak

Effect of divertor pumping on the scrape-off layer (SOL) plasma and impurities has been studied in many divertor tokamaks. Recent experimental studies of particle exhaust and SOL flow in JT-60U are reviewed. Pumping flux at the inner and outer pumping slots of the W-shaped divertor was investigated under the attached and detached divertor conditions. The SOL flow pattern was determined, for the first time, at three locations, i.e. at the low-field-side SOL (the outer midplane and divertor X-point) and at the high-field-side SOL (above the inner baffle), using three reciprocating Mach probes. The measured profiles were compared with modelling results from two-dimensional plasma simulations, UEDGE-code, with the ion drift effects included.
Constraints on holographic cosmologies from strong lensing systems

We use strongly gravitationally lensed (SGL) systems to put additional constraints on a set of holographic dark energy models. Data available in the literature (redshift and velocity dispersion) is used to obtain the Einstein radius and compare it with model predictions. We found that the ΛCDM is the best fit to the data. Although a preliminary statistical analysis seems to indicate that two of the holographic models studied show interesting agreement with observations, a stringent test lead us to the result that neither of the holographic models are competitive with the ΛCDM. These results highlight the importance of Strong Lensing measurements to provide additional observational constraints to alternative cosmological models, which are necessary to shed some light into the dark universe.
Auditory Graphs Are Not the “Killer App” of Sonification, But They Work

The search for the elusive “killer app” of sonification has been a recurring theme in sonification research. In this comment, I argue that the killer-app criterion of success stems from interdisciplinary tensions about how to evaluate sonifications. Using auditory graphs as an example, I argue that the auditory display community has produced successful examples of sonic information design that accomplish the human factors goal of improving human interactions with systems. Still, barriers to using sonifications in interfaces remain, and reducing those barriers could result in more widespread use of audio in systems.
Theory of shear Alfvén waves in toroidal plasmas

Fundamental wave and stability properties of shear Alfvén waves in nonuniform axisymmetric toroidal plasmas are reviewed. Using a slab model with nonuniform density, concepts such as continuous spectrum, resonant absorption, and linear mode conversion to kinetic Alfvén wave are first discussed. We then analyze the formation of frequency gaps in the continuous spectrum due to the finite toroidicity-induced coupling between the poloidal harmonics in an axisymmetric torus. Existence of discrete eigenmodes both inside the frequency gap and the continuous spectra are further demonstrated. Kinetic excitations of collective toroidal shear Alfvén instabilities via resonances with energetic particles are also reviewed; first in the one-dimensional radially local limit and then with a full two-dimensional global analysis. Effects due to the non-perturbative nature of the energetic-particle drive and the global extent of the eigenmodes are emphasized.
Lower bounds for the energy in a crumpled elastic sheet—a minimal ridge

We study the linearized Föppl–von Karman theory of a long, thin rectangular elastic membrane that is bent through an angle 2 α. We prove rigorous bounds for the minimum energy of this configuration in terms of the plate thickness, σ, and the bending angle. We show that the minimum energy scales as σ5/3 α7/3. This scaling is in sharp contrast with previously obtained results for the linearized theory of thin sheets with isotropic compression boundary conditions, where the energy scales as σ.
Computer simulation of acoustic wave scattering from rough surfaces

Describes the computer simulation of acoustic wave scattering from rough surfaces. A moving average is performed on a set of uncorrelated random numbers giving a set of random correlated numbers representing the height of a rough surface at intervals along the surface. The distribution of the initial data, together with the correlation of the moving average weights, determines the statistics of the generated surfaces. Surfaces are rough in one direction only, i.e. 'furrowed', with random heights and spacings of the furrows. The scattering of acoustic waves from these surfaces is studied using Kirchhoff theory. This gives an expression for the total wave field at any surface point in terms of the local surface height and gradient. The Helmholtz scattering integral is then evaluated over the surface by summing the contributions from each surface point. This gives the amplitude or intensity of the far-field scattered wave.
ON POSITIVE QUADRATIC FORMS AND STABILITY OF LINEAR SYSTEMS

The stability of many types of linear systems can be expressed using the convex cone of positive quadratic forms. In this talk, we consider linear dynamical systems with discrete delays. In this case, it is known that if the system is stable, then this property may be proven using a Lyapunov functional of the form
Cosmological bounds on sub-MeV mass axions

Axions with mass ma ≳ 0.7 eV are excluded by cosmological precision data because they provide too much hot dark matter. While for ma ≳ 20 eV the a → 2γ lifetime drops below the age of the universe, we show that the cosmological exclusion range can be extended to 0.7eV ≲ ma ≲ 300 keV, primarily by the cosmic deuterium abundance: axion decays would strongly modify the baryon-to-photon ratio at BBN relative to the one at CMB decoupling. Additional arguments include neutrino dilution relative to photons by axion decays and spectral CMB distortions. Our new cosmological constraints complement stellar-evolution and laboratory bounds.
Holomorphic operator–valued symbols for edge–degenerate pseudo–differential operators

The Mellin quantization assigns to an edge–degenerate pseudo–differential operator an operator based on the Mellin transform in the cone axis direction. This procedure is here presented in a new and more precise way, which leads to isomorphisms between edge–degenerate and holomorphic Mellin symbols. Furthermore, we introduce a suitable class of operator–valued edge symbols without asymptotics. They are, in particular, parameter dependent pseudo–differential operators on a cone with smooth closed base.
Buffer Related Dispersive Effects in Microwave GaN HEMTs

In applications such as mobile communication and radar, microwave power generation at high frequency is of utmost importance. The GaN HEMT offers a unique set of properties that makes it suitable for high power amplification at high frequencies. However, their performance is limited by trap states, leading to reduced output power and time variant effects. Furthermore, for good high frequency performance a high efficiency it is essential to limit the access resistances in the transistor. The GaN HEMT technology has long lacked a good ohmic contact with good reproducibility. In this thesis, three buffer designs are considered; C-doped GaN, AlGaN back barriers and a thin GaN structure. The three designs are evaluated in terms of trapping effects using the drain current transient technique. For the C-doped GaN buffer, trapping at dislocations covered with C-clusters is believed to be the main factor limiting output power. Dislocations are presumed to play a major role for the trapping behavior of AlGaN back barriers and the thin structure as well. The maximum output powers for C-doped GaN, AlGaN back barriers and the thin structure are 3.3, 2.7, and 3.9 W/mm at 30 GHz. The output power is found to be limited by trapping effects for all buffer designs. Moreover, a Ta-based, recessed ohmic contact enables a contact resistance of down to 0.14 Ωmm. The results also indicate that a highly reproducible process might be possible for deeply recessed contacts. An optimized AlGaN/GaN interface shows high mobility \textgreater2000 cm2/Vs without the use of an AlN-exclusion layer. The improved interface also decreases trapping effects and the gate-source capacitance at large electric fields compared to an unoptimized interface.
Identifying multiple dimensions of a business case : a systematic literature review

: A business case is in many organisations perceived as a valuable instrument for the justification and evaluation of information technology (IT) investments. This attention from practice has been ascertained by academic scholars, resulting in a growing number of publications in both top academic and practitioner journals since 1999. However, much knowledge on business case research is scattered throughout literature and a clear definition of what actually constitutes a business case is still missing. Therefore, the present paper aims to understand and integrate the current state of research on business cases in an attempt to realise two objectives with clear contributions. First, we tackle the problem of scattered knowledge by organising fragmented knowledge into a newly developed Business Case Research Framework that clearly structures the study field into six dimensions. Second, we identify what constitutes a business case and provide a clear definition to resolve the misunderstanding among scholars. A systematic literature review methodology is performed in a selection of top academic and practitioner journals. Based on the literature findings, we observe that the application of business cases is useful in a broad range of investment contexts. We also find sufficient argumentation that using a business case continuously throughout an entire investment life cycle can increase the investment success rate, that a richer set of information (rather than only financial numbers) should be included in a business case and that stakeholder inclusion is important when developing and using business cases.
Optical spectroscopy of high dielectric contrast 3D photonic crystals

Spectroscopy was performed along three distinct crystallographic axes of a high refractive index contrast photonic crystal and the spectra were compared with theoretical calculations. Deep dips were observed in the experimental spectra at 2.1 and 3.2 μm and predicted by calculations. The photonic crystal was prepared through melt-imbibing of selenium into a self-assembled face-centered-cubic colloidal crystal template.
End‐to‐end learning for arbitrary image style transfer

Real-time arbitrary style transfer is based on a feed-forward network, which consists of a pre-trained encoder, a feature transformer, and a trainable decoder. However, the previous approach has some degrade in style quality of output image because the pre-trained encoder is not optimised for image style transfer but originally for image classification task. An end-to-end learning scheme is introduced that optimises the encoder as well as the decoder for the task of arbitrary image style transfer. Experiments conducted with a public database proves that the style transfer network trained with the end-to-end learning scheme outperforms the network with a fixed encoder in terms of minimising both content and style losses and quality of the stylised images.