Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diversified Top-k Route Planning in Road Network

Route planning is ubiquitous and has a profound impact on our daily life. However, the existing path algorithms tend to produce similar paths between similar OD (Origin-Destination) pairs because they optimize query results without considering their influence on the whole network, which further introduces congestions. Therefore, we investigate the problem of diversifying the top-k paths between an OD pair such that their similarities are under a threshold while their total length is minimal. However, the current solutions all depend on the expensive graph traversal which is too slow to apply in practice. Therefore, we first propose an edge deviation and concatenation-based method to avoid the expensive graph search in path enumeration. After that, we dive into the path relations and propose a path similarity computation method with constant complexity, and propose a pruning technique to improve efficiency. Finally, we provide the completeness and efficiency-oriented solutions to further accelerate the query answering. Evaluations on the real-life road networks demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our algorithm over the state-of-the-art.
Toward Interpretable and Actionable Data Analysis with Explanations and Causality

We live in a world dominated by data, where users from different fields routinely collect, study, and make decisions supported by data. To aid these users, the current trend in data analysis is to design tools that allow large-scale analytics, sophisticated predictive models, and beautiful visualizations. At this exciting time when both data and analytics tools are widely accessible to users, treating analyses as magical black boxes can painfully mislead users and make troubleshooting frustratingly time-consuming. For instance, although the perils of interpreting correlations inferred by predictive models as causation are well-documented, making such a distinction can be tricky for many users who do not have formal training in computer science or statistics. In this paper, we give an overview of our research toward bridging this gap along two main thrusts of explanations and causality. Explanations support a primary goal of data analysis - empowering users to be able to interpret the results in data analysis and troubleshoot the process. Causality complements explanations by supporting prescriptive or actionable analytics with counterfactuals and interventions, thereby helping sound decision making. In these thrusts, we explore the symbiotic relationship between core database techniques and complementary techniques from machine learning and statistics via interdisciplinary collaborations, and employ them to applications in domains like computer science education, law, and health.
Statistical turbulence theory and turbulence phenomenology

The application of deductive turbulence theory for validity determination of turbulence phenomenology at the level of second-order, single-point moments is considered. Particular emphasis is placed on the phenomenological formula relating the dissipation to the turbulence energy and the Rotta-type formula for the return to isotropy. Methods which deal directly with most or all the scales of motion explicitly are reviewed briefly. The statistical theory of turbulence is presented as an expansion about randomness. Two concepts are involved: (1) a modeling of the turbulence as nearly multipoint Gaussian, and (2) a simultaneous introduction of a generalized eddy viscosity operator.
ten-Efficacy of Repair for ACL Injury: A Meta‑analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

We aim to compare the curative effect of primary repair for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury with reconstruction and provide the reliable evidence for its clinical application. The literatures were searched in PubMed, EMBASE, Springer, and other medical literature databases published between January 1970 and June 2021. Basic characteristics, surgery technique, clinical outcome scores and physical examination results were recorded and evaluated. Seven randomized controlled trials (RCT) were eligible for inclusion. The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences between arthro scopic ACL repair and ACL reconstruction for Tegner, Lysholm, Lachman, KT-1000, range of motion (ROM), functional out comes and reoperation rate (P > 0.05), even the result of IKDC scores showed that arthroscopic repair was better than recon struction (P = 0.04). However, through the subgroup analysis, it was found that the short-term follow-up results of arthro scopic ACL repair were indeed better than those of open ACL repair. Therefore, we can assume that the arthroscopic ACL repair technique is an optional and promising surgical method to treat ACL injury. don donor site complications, autologous or allogeneic graft infec-tion, etc., and the postoperative functional recovery still needs to be improved [7, 8]. This may be related to the fact that the recon structed ligament cannot effectively restore the normal anatomi cal structure and physiological function of ACL [9, 10]. Therefore, more and more scholars are focusing on preserving the biology of ACL to improve the surgical results. With the wide application of arthroscopy, the use of new surgical instruments and implants, and the deepening understanding of the biological knowledge of ACL, people have generated new interest in ACL repair [11–14]. At the same time, compared with ACLR, ACL repair has less damage, no donor site complications and can restore active function earlier [15, 16].
Lotus: Scalable Multi-Partition Transactions on Single-Threaded Partitioned Databases

This paper revisits the H-Store/VoltDB concurrency control scheme for partitioned main-memory databases, which we term run-to-completion-single-thread (RCST), with an eye toward improving its poor performance on multi-partition (MP) workloads. The original scheme focused on maximizing single partition (SP) performance, producing results in millions of transactions per second on modest clusters, but at the expense of dismal MP performance. In this paper, we show that original RCST algorithms be made to dramatically improve MP performance with very limited impact on SP performance. That makes RCST superior to popular optimistic and pessimistic schemes without optimizations for batch execution, including OCC and 2PL, on a wide range of multi-node workloads with up to 60% throughput improvement. Our second contribution is to propose a multiplexed-execution-single-thread (MEST) algorithm based on RCST to amortize the network stalls from MP transactions over a batch of MP transactions. This scheme delivers up to 21X higher throughput for SP transactions and comparable MP throughput compared to state-of-the-art distributed deterministic concurrency control algorithms that are optimized for batch execution. Finally, our MEST scheme offers dramatically superior performance when straggler transactions are present in the workload. Our conclusion is that the H-Store/VoltDB concurrency control scheme can be dramatically improved and dominates state-of-the-art algorithms over a variety of MP workloads.
Demonstrating Quest: A Query-Driven Framework to Explain Classification Models on Tabular Data

Machine learning models are everywhere now; but only few of them are transparent in how they work. To remedy this, local explanations aim to show users how and why learned models produce a certain output for a given input (data sample). However, most existing approaches are oriented around images or text data and, thus, cannot leverage the structure and properties of tabular data. Therefore, we demonstrate Quest, a new framework for generating explanations that are a better fit for tabular data. The main idea is to create explanations in the form of relational predicates (called queries hereafter) that approximate the behavior of a classifier around the given sample. For this demo, we use Quest on different synthetic and real-world tabular data sets and pair it with a user interface intended to be used during model development by a data scientist working on classification models.
AvantGraph Query Processing Engine

We demonstrate AvantGraph, a graph query processing engine developed by the Database group at TU Eindhoven. Designed for efficient processing of both subgraph matching and navigational graph queries, AvantGraph encompasses innovation in three key areas: the planner, the cardinality estimator, and the execution engine. We present demonstration scenarios covering a wide range of workloads across diverse domains which (1) provides deep insights into the core challenges of complex graph query processing and (2) showcases corresponding critical optimizations via "under-the-hood" operational insights of AvantGraph's key components.
The origin of morphological asymmetries in bipolar active regions. [magnetic field in solar convective envelope]

A series of 3D numerical simulations was carried out to examine the dynamical evolution of emerging flux loops in the solar convective envelope. The innermost portions of the loops are anchored beneath the base of the convective zone by the subadiabatic temperature gradient of the underlying overshoot region. It is found that, as the emerging loops approach the photosphere, the magnetic field strength of the leading side of each rising loop is about twice as large as that of the following side at the same depth. The evacuation of plasma out of the leading side of the rising loop results in an enhanced magnetic field strength there compared with the following side. It is argued that this result provides a natural explanation for the fact that the preceding (leading) polarity tends to have a less organized and more fragmented appearance, and that the preceding spots tend to be larger in area and fewer in number, and have a longer lifetime than the following spots.
Individually tailored cardiac rehabilitation

reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model) 1 Individually tailored cardiac rehabilitation 1 will the dream come true by identifying sex and age-related differences 2 by assessing health-related quality of life at entry? 3 4 Birna Bjarnason-Wehrens (1), Bernhard Schwaab (2) 5
A Demonstration of Multi-Region CockroachDB

A database service is required to meet the consistency, performance, and availability goals of modern applications serving a global user-base. Configuring a database deployed across multiple regions such that it fulfills these goals requires significant expertise. In this paper, we describe how CockroachDB makes this easy for developers by providing a high-level declarative syntax that allows expressing data access locality and availability goals through SQL statements. CockroachDB also enables many types of queries on the multiregion database to perform as well as they would in a single-region deployment, due to enhancements to the SQL optimizer, transaction, and replication layers. This paper showcases these features with a comprehensive demonstration scenario tracking a ride-sharing company's journey as they expand their application globally.
THE VELOCITY DISPERSION PROFILE OF NGC 6388 FROM RESOLVED-STAR SPECTROSCOPY: NO EVIDENCE OF A CENTRAL CUSP AND NEW CONSTRAINTS ON THE BLACK HOLE MASS

By combining high spatial resolution and wide-field spectroscopy performed, respectively, with SINFONI and FLAMES at the ESO/VLT we measured the radial velocities of more than 600 stars in the direction of NGC 6388, a Galactic globular cluster which is suspected to host an intermediate-mass black hole. Approximately 55% of the observed targets turned out to be cluster members. The cluster velocity dispersion has been derived from the radial velocity of individual stars: 52 measurements in the innermost 2″, and 276 stars located between 18″ and 600″. The velocity dispersion profile shows a central value of ∼13 km s−1, a flat behavior out to ∼60″ and a decreasing trend outward. The comparison with spherical and isotropic models shows that the observed density and velocity dispersion profiles are inconsistent with the presence of a central black hole more massive than ∼2000 M☉. These findings are at odds with recent results obtained from integrated light spectra, showing a velocity dispersion profile with a steep central cusp of 23–25 km s−1 at r < 2″ and suggesting the presence of a black hole with a mass of ∼1.7 × 104 M☉. We also found some evidence of systemic rotation with amplitude Arot ∼ 8 km s−1 in the innermost 2″ (0.13 pc), decreasing to Arot = 3.2 km s−1 at 18″ < r < 160″.
VRE: A Versatile, Robust, and Economical Trajectory Data System

Managing massive trajectory data from various moving objects has always been a demanding task. A desired trajectory data system should be versatile in its supported query types and distance functions, of low storage cost, and be consistently efficient on processing trajectory data of different properties. Unfortunately, none of the existing systems can meet the above three criteria at the same time. To this end, we propose VRE, a v ersatile, r obust, and e conomical trajectory data system.VRE separates the storage from the processing. In the storage layer, we propose a novel segment-based storage model that takes advantage of the strengths of both point-based and trajectory-based storage models. VRE supports these three storage models and ten storage schemas upon them. With the secondary index, VRE reduces the storage cost up to 3x. In the processing layer, we first propose a two-stage processing framework and a pushdown strategy to alleviate full trajectory transmission cost. Then, we design a unified pruning strategy for five widely used trajectory distance functions and numerous tailored processing algorithms for five advanced queries. Extensive experiments are conducted to verify the design choice and efficiency of VRE, from which we present some key insights that are crucial to both VRE and future trajectory system's design.
Modern Techniques for Querying Graph-Structured Relations: Foundations, System Implementations, and Open Challenges

The last decade has seen an emergence of numerous specialized graph DBMSs (GDBMSs) as well as graph-optimized extensions of RDBMSs. In addition, several query processing techniques, such as worst-case optimal join algorithms and factorized query processing, have been introduced in the context of RDBMSs, which find their best applications on graph workloads. In this tutorial, we review the recent advances in query processing techniques for graph workloads. For each technique, we first overview the theoretical foundations. Then, we overview how DBMSs implement these techniques. Finally, we discuss the open challenges for existing implementation approaches.
Machine Programming: Turning Data into Programmer Productivity

Machine programming is an emerging research area that improves the software development life cycle from design through deployment. We present a tutorial on machine programming research highlighting aspects relevant to the data systems community. We divide this tutorial into three parts: We begin with an introduction to machine programming introducing its three pillars: intention, invention, and adaptation. Then, we provide an overview of the data ecosystem central to all machine programming systems, highlighting challenges and novel opportunities relevant to the data systems community. Finally, we describe recent advances in machine programming research and how these directions use various data sets to improve the ease of creating and maintaining performant software systems.
1 - Determination of differentially expressed genes

Microarrays are primarily used to screen genes in a high-throughput fashion. This is done by comparing groups of samples and assessing which genes are differentially expressed, that is have a different expression level from group to group. In the thyroid data set presented in the background chapter, this can correspond to the finding of genes having a different expression level in normal thyroids compared to autonomous adenomas, or in autonomous adenomas compared to papillary thyroid carcinomas.
Antifungal Properties of Cationic Phenylene Ethynylenes and Their Impact on (cid:2) -Glucan Exposure

Candida species are the cause of many bloodstream infections through contamination of indwelling medical devices. These infections account for a 40% mortality rate, posing a signiﬁcant risk to immunocompromised patients. Traditional treatments against Candida infections include amphotericin B and various azole treatments. Unfortunately, these treatments are associated with high toxicity, and resistant strains have become more prevalent. As a new frontier, light-activated phenylene ethynylenes have shown promising biocidal activity against Gram-positive and -negative bacterial pathogens, as well as the environmental yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae . In this study, we monitored the viability of Candida species after treatment with a cationic conjugated polymer [poly( p -phenylene ethynylene); PPE] or oligomer [“end-only” oligo( p -phenylene ethynylene); EO-OPE] by ﬂow cytometry in order to explore the antifungal properties of these compounds. The oligomer was found to disrupt Candida albicans yeast membrane integrity independent of light activation, while PPE is able to do so only in the presence of light, allowing for some control as to the manner in which cytotoxic effects are induced. The contrast in killing efﬁcacy between the two compounds is likely related to their size difference and their intrinsic abilities to penetrate the fungal cell wall. Unlike EO-OPE-DABCO (where DABCO is quaternized diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane), PPE-DABCO displayed a strong propensity to associate with soluble (cid:2) -glucan, which is expected to inhibit its ability to access and perturb the inner cell membrane of Candida yeast. Fur-thermore, treatment with PPE-DABCO unmasked Candida albicans (cid:2) -glucan and increased phagocytosis by Dectin-1-express-ing HEK-293 cells. In summary, cationic phenylene ethynylenes show promising biocidal activity against pathogenic Candida yeast cells while also exhibiting immunostimulatory effects.
Spatial and Temporal Constrained Ranked Retrieval over Videos

Recent advances in Computer Vision (CV) algorithms have improved accuracy and efficiency, making video annotations possible with high accuracy. In this paper, we utilize the annotated data provided by such algorithms and construct graph representations to capture both object labels and spatial-temporal relationships of objects in videos. We define the problem of Spatial and Temporal Constrained Ranked Retrieval (STAR Retrieval) over videos. Based on the graph representation, we propose a two-phase approach, consisting of the ingestion phase, where we construct and materialize the Graph Index (GI), and the query phase, where we compute the top ranked windows (video clips) according to the window matching score efficiently. We propose two algorithms to perform Spatial Matching (SMA) and Temporal Matching (TM) separately with an early-stopping mechanism. Our experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods, achieving orders of magnitude speedups on queries with high selectivity.
Towards AI-Powered Data-Driven Education

Educational platforms are increasingly becoming AI-driven. Besides providing a wide range of course filtering options, personalized recommendations of learning material and teachers are driving today's research. While accuracy plays a major role in evaluating those recommendations, many factors must be considered including learner retention, throughput, upskilling ability, equity of learning opportunities, and satisfaction. This creates a tension between learner-centered and platform-centered approaches. I will describe research at the intersection of data-driven recommendations and education theory. This includes multi-objective algorithms that leverage collaboration and affinity in peer learning, studying the impact of learning strategies on platforms and people, and automating the generation of sequences of courses. The paper ends with a discussion of the central role data management systems could play in enabling modern online education.
JAK2 V617F positive polycythemia rubra vera maintained by ~18 stochastic stem cell divisions/year, explaining age of onset by a single rate limiting mutation

As the rates of most cancers are proportional to the 4-5th power of age ('log-log' behaviour), it is widely believed that 5-6 independent mutations are necessary for malignant transformation. Conversely, the peak incidences of most cancers are similar to stem cell mutation rates at single loci, implying only one rate limiting mutation. Here, flow cytometrically measured red blood cells mutated at a selectively neutral locus, glycophorin A, allow observation of individual stem cell differentiation events in a log-log malignancy, polycythemia rubra vera. Contrary to predictions from multistep models, the clone is driven by infrequent (<annual) and rare (~18 per year) differentiation events. These parameters imply that malignant stem cells have a modest selective advantage. Correspondingly minor, typically <20%, increases in stochastic self-renewal ratios are modelled to show that single mutations can result in the observed 4th power relationship with age. The conundrum between log-log behaviour and mutation rate is thereby reconcilable, with the age of onset arising not from the requirement for multiple, independent mutations but from infrequent, stochastic stem cell division rates and single mutations causing initially minor effects, but initiating a clone whose expected number increases successively with age - an 'exponential phenotype'.
Determinations of Total Phenolic Compounds of Some Extracted Ethnopharmacological Plants Against Cancers, Diabetes and Allergies

area, Amphur Phapayom, Phatthalung. The content of total phenolics in the extracts was determined spectrometrically according to the Folin-Ciocalteu procedure and calculated as gallic acid equivalents (GAE). High total phenolic compounds was found in water crude extract of Phyllanthus oxyphyllus Miq. (2,119.25±7.560 μgGAE/gdw) even though the total phenolic compounds in ethanolic crude extract of Momordica charantin L. was low (343±6.443 μgGAE/gdw). To utilize these significant sources of natural total phenolic compounds, further evaluation of antioxidants is needed. higher than the maximal ethanolic extract of Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers. (1,282.75±6.182 μgGAE/gdw). The minimal total phenolic compounds was Momordica charantin L. water crude extract (343±6.443 μgGAE/gdw). The significant correlations could be found between the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the plant extracts in any of the studied subgroups. It is known that different phenolic compounds have different responses in the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Similarily the molecular antioxidant response of phenolic compounds depending on their chemical structure Our results showed that many spices were rich in phenolic constituents and trend to demonstrated good antioxidant capacity in further evaluations.