Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hot topics in architectural acoustics

This lecture will review some of the current topics of interest in the architectural acoustics community. There has been much recent work in trying to determine what physical factors contribute to subtle perceptions of spaciousness and source width in rooms. Efforts to standardize measurement techniques for recently proposed acoustical measures derived from the impulse response of rooms is underway as well as experiments to determine the utility of these measures in applied situations. These measures are also predicted in rooms by tests in physical scale models and computer models. Aural simulation of the effects of the architectural features of rooms on the qualities of music and speech is also being pursued. Measurements of the effects of flanking transmission, plumbing noise, and impact noise are also being refined as are recommended methods for assessing background noise levels in rooms. A significant area of activity in the architectural community that differentiates it from other technical committees occurs through the design and construction of real buildings to meet design goals based on current understandings of sound perception and propagation. Several case studies of actual buildings that have been designed to test some of the emerging knowledge gained in the laboratory will be presented.
Do Football Teams Have Clusters of Wins, Draws and Defeats?

The issue of whether football teams have good or bad patches during the course of a season is of concern to many supporters. This interest can be harnessed to make the classroom teaching of probability more relevant. In this article, the unfamiliar runs test for multiple outcomes is used to test for possible clustering in wins, draws and defeats in a short series of consecutive matches.
Target annihilation by random walkers

We study the target annihilation through random walkers on regular lattices, and for it we derive, based on the generating functions' formalism, an exact expression. Extensions to continuous time and to random walks on fractals are given. Using numerical simulations we compare the results to those which obtain for the trapping problem.
An analytical model for backscattered luminance in fog: comparisons with Monte Carlo computations and experimental results

We propose an analytical model for backscattered luminance in fog and derive an expression for the visibility signal-to-noise ratio as a function of meteorological visibility distance. The model uses single scattering processes. It is based on the Mie theory and the geometry of the optical device (emitter and receiver). In particular, we present an overlap function and take the phase function of fog into account. The results of the backscattered luminance obtained with our analytical model are compared to simulations made using the Monte Carlo method based on multiple scattering processes. An excellent agreement is found in that the discrepancy between the results is smaller than the Monte Carlo standard uncertainties. If we take no account of the geometry of the optical device, the results of the model-estimated backscattered luminance differ from the simulations by a factor 20. We also conclude that the signal-to-noise ratio computed with the Monte Carlo method and our analytical model is in good agreement with experimental results since the mean difference between the calculations and experimental measurements is smaller than the experimental uncertainty.
A new biomarker to predict atrial fibrillation and its adverse events after coronary artery bypass surgery: red blood cell distribution volume.

OBJECTIVE Recent studies suggest that increased red blood cell distribution width may be associated with increased risk of atrial fibrillation. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between pre-operative and postoperative erythrocyte distribution volume, postoperative atrial fibrillation and related adverse events in patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass surgery. METHODS A total of 790 patients (611 males, mean age 58.3 ± 6.2 years) in pre-operative sinus rhythm, who underwent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting with cardiopulmonary bypass at the same centre and by the same surgical team between January 2015 and December 2021, were enrolled retrospectively. Two groups were created, group 1 (n = 183) and group 2 (n = 607), with regard to the occurrence of atrial fibrillation in the early postoperative period or not, respectively. Clinical and demographic data, biochemical and complete blood count parameters, and intra-operative and postoperative data of the patients were recorded. Univariate and subsequent multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to determine significant clinical factors and independent predictors of postoperative atrial fibrillation. RESULTS Among the patients, 182 (23.2%) developed atrial fibrillation during the 72 hours postoperatively. Pre-operative and postoperative first-, third- and seventh-day red blood cell distribution volume (p = 0.0001), C-reactive protein (p = 0.0001) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p = 0.0001) were significantly increased in group 1. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed elevated pre-operative and postoperative first-, thirdand seventh-day red blood cell distribution volume, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein as independent predictors of early postoperative atrial fibrillation. CONCLUSIONS Pre-operative and postoperative red blood cell distribution volume was found to be an independent predictor of atrial fibrillation and associated adverse events in the early postoperative period of isolated coronary artery bypass grafting.
CD19 Is Internalized Together with IgM in Proportion to B Cell Receptor Stimulation and Is Modulated by Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase in Bone Marrow Immature B Cells

Abstract Newly generated immature B cells that bind self-antigen with high avidity arrest in differentiation and undergo central tolerance via receptor editing and clonal deletion. These autoreactive immature B cells also express low surface levels of the coreceptor CD19, a key activator of the PI3K pathway. Signals emanating from both CD19 and PI3K are known to be critical for attenuating receptor editing and selecting immature B cells into the periphery. However, the mechanisms that modulate CD19 expression at this stage of B cell development have not yet been resolved. Using in vivo and in vitro models, we demonstrate that Cd19 de novo gene transcription and translation do not significantly contribute to the differences in CD19 surface expression in mouse autoreactive and nonautoreactive immature B cells. Instead, CD19 downregulation is induced by BCR stimulation in proportion to BCR engagement, and the remaining surface IgM and CD19 molecules promote intracellular PI3K-AKT activity in proportion to their level of expression. The internalized CD19 is degraded with IgM by the lysosome, but inhibiting lysosome-mediated protein degradation only slightly improves surface CD19. In fact, CD19 is restored only upon Ag removal. Our data also reveal that the PI3K-AKT pathway positively modulates CD19 surface expression in immature B cells via a mechanism that is independent of inhibition of FOXO1 and its role on Cd19 gene transcription while is dependent on mTORC1.
VEGF-Expressing Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Safe and Effective Treatment of Pain in Parkinson’s Disease

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a pro-angiogenic factor that mediates the differentiation and function of vascular endothelial cells. VEGF has been implicated in modulating various pains. However, the effects of VEGF in Parkinson’s disease (PD)-related pain have not been studied. The goal of this study was to understand the effects of VEGF-expressing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on PD-related pain and the involved mechanisms. We used two types of MSCs: hAMSC-Vector-GFP and hAMSC-VEGF189-GFP in PD mice. Then, the expression of VEGF and the viability have been compared between two types of MSCs. To demonstrate the therapeutic effect of hAMSC-VEGF189-GFP, we transplanted each cell line in a PD mouse model. Head mechanical withdrawal thresholds were examined. hAMSC-VEGF189-GFP was associated with significantly increased VEGF expression and slightly increased viability, compared with hAMSC-Vector-GFP. The transplanted hAMSC-VEGF189-GFP significantly improved mechanical allodynia and inhibited transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) expression in site. And such pain relief effects could be partially blocked by TRPV1 agonist. However, we did not observe tumor generation or neuron degeneration in hAMSC-VEGF189-GFP-transplanted animals. Taken together, our data suggest that hAMSC-VEGF189-GFP is safely therapeutically appropriate for treating PD-related pain. VEGF inhibits TRPV1 expression, which may contribute to its analgesic properties.
TREM2 signalling as a multifaceted player in brain homoeostasis and a potential target for Alzheimer's disease treatment

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells‐2 (TREM2) has crucial roles in microglial physiology, differentiation, metabolism and survival. Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) show that genetic mutations of the TREM2 increase the risk of late‐onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) by two to four times, disrupting the microglial function in reducing the progression of the disease. Accumulating data show that TREM2 function in AD is related primarily to the clearance of soluble and insoluble amyloid beta (Aβ42) aggregates from the brain. TREM2 also ameliorates the pathological effects of activated microglia on neuronal tau pathology, demonstrating its protective anti‐inflammatory effects. However, since the excessive activation of TREM2 signalling can inhibit pro‐inflammatory reactions and suppress the role of microglia in immune surveillance, at the late stages of the disease, it might promote immune tolerance, which is detrimental. The contradictory effects of TREM2 mutations on brain amyloidopathy and tauopathy in multiple mouse models, as well as studies revealing various effects of TREM2 overexpression, complicate the understanding of the role that TREM2 plays in AD aetiopathogenesis. In this review, we summarize the latest developments regarding the significance of TREM2 signalling in the stability of microglial pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory activations and propose the mechanisms that should be targeted in the future to treat AD.
Foot and Ankle Disorders in Nurses Exposed to Prolonged Standing Environments: A Scoping Review

Background: Prolonged standing environments constitute an occupational risk factor for nurses, particularly for developing foot and ankle disorders. The definitions and potential relationship to hours spent walking or standing are poorly understood. This scoping review aimed to synthesize the main disorders found on nurses’ ankles and feet, their prevalence, the influence of hours spent walking or standing, and gender differences. Methods: This review followed a previously published protocol. Primary and secondary studies were retrieved from relevant databases from December 2020 to March 2021. Potential articles were collated to Mendeley, and two independent reviewers assessed the title and abstracts. Studies meeting inclusion criteria were included. Two researchers retrieved and reviewed the full text of these studies independently. A predetermined extraction tool was used to retrieve relevant data, summarized in a tabular and narrative format. Findings: The most common disorder was pain, followed by numbness, burning feet, bunions, structural deformities, and calluses. Prevalence differed among studies, depending on settings and specific local policies. Discussion: Various foot and ankle disorders and related variables have been found, with clear gaps that may be addressed in the future. Conclusion/Applications to Practice:: Few studies have focused on nurses’ foot and ankle disorders. Mapping signs and symptoms may contribute to the future development of preventive interventions for nurses’ workplaces.
Two-dimensional turbulence near the viscous limit

Two-dimensional incompressible motion is generated by a steady external body force varying sinusoidally with a transverse co-ordinate. Such flow is found to be unstable for Reynolds numbers greater than 2½, and under these conditions evolves towards a new steady state. This ‘steady-eddy’ state is itself unstable in a sense, and its breakdown suggests the catastrophic onset of a cascade of turbulence. The mechanics of this cascade can be represented by a kind of recursion system in which the turbulence dynamics of one scale is repeated in the next, and a law of turbulent stress results. The spectrum of kinetic energy generated by a steady input of momentum at a discrete wavelength shows a rapid decrease (as k−5) towards shorter wavelengths but a much slower decrease (as k) towards longer wavelengths.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of benzodiazepines for dyspnea in patients with cancer

Abstract Objective the role of benzodiazepines in relieving dyspnea in patients with cancer has not yet been established. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of benzodiazepines alone or in combination with opioids for dyspnea in patients with cancer. Methods Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Ichushi-Web were searched for articles published from database inception to 23 September 2019. Studies of benzodiazepines alone or in combination with opioids for dyspnea were included. The primary outcome measure was the relief of dyspnea. The secondary outcome measures were anxiety, somnolence and severe adverse events. Results of 505 publications initially identified, two trials and one trial were included in the meta-analysis of midazolam alone and in combination with morphine, respectively. With regard to the relief of dyspnea, midazolam alone showed no significant difference compared with morphine alone, with a relative risk of 0.95 (95% confidence interval: 0.47–1.89). Meanwhile, midazolam plus morphine was significantly more effective than morphine alone, with a relative risk of 1.33 (95% confidence interval: 1.02–1.75). For anxiety relief, a meta-analysis could not be performed because of insufficient data. The incidence of somnolence and severe adverse events was not significantly different between the experimental and control groups for either midazolam alone or in combination with morphine. Conclusions benzodiazepines alone do not significantly improve dyspnea compared with opioids alone, but a combination of benzodiazepines and opioids may be more effective. Evidence from randomized controlled trials focusing on patients with cancer has not been generated in recent years. Further appropriately designed randomized controlled trials are required.
Alterations of pulmonary vascular afterload in exercise‐induced pre‐ and post‐capillary pulmonary hypertension

Exercise imposes increased pulmonary vascular afterload based on rises in pulmonary artery (PA) wedge pressure, declines in PA compliance, and resistance‐compliance time. In health, afterload stress stabilizes during steady‐state exercise. Our objective was to examine alterations of these exercise‐associated stresses in states of pre‐ and post‐capillary pulmonary hypertension (PH). PA hemodynamics were evaluated at rest, 2 and 7 min of steady‐state exercise at moderate intensity in patients who exhibited Pre‐capillary (n = 22) and post‐capillary PH (n = 22). Patients with normal exercise hemodynamics (NOR‐HD) (n = 32) were also studied. During exercise in all groups, PA wedge pressure increased at 2 min, with no further change at 7 min. In post‐capillary PH and NOR‐HD, increases in PA diastolic pressure and diastolic pressure gradient remained stable at 2 and 7 min of exercise, while in pre‐capillary PH, both continued to increase at 7 min. The behavior of the diastolic pressure gradient was linearly related to the duration of resistance‐compliance time at rest (r2 = 0.843) and exercise (r2 = 0.760). Exercise resistance‐compliance time was longer in pre‐capillary PH associated with larger increases in diastolic pressure gradient. Conversely, resistance‐compliance time was shortest in post‐capillary PH compared to pre‐capillary PH and NOR‐HD and associated with limited increases in exercise diastolic pressure gradient. During steady‐state, modest‐intensity exercise‐specific patterns of pulmonary vascular afterload responses were observed in pre‐ and post‐capillary PH relative to NOR‐HD. Longer resistance‐compliance time related to greater increases in PA diastolic pressure and diastolic pressure gradients in pre‐capillary PH, while shorter resistance‐compliance time appeared to limit these increases in post‐capillary PH.
Contraceptive methods in adolescence: a narrative review of guidelines

Abstract Purpose Adolescent pregnancy, while recently in decline, remains a matter in need of addressing. Education and counselling are deemed crucial and this review aims at comparing published contraceptive guidelines, thus resolving any surrounding misconceptions. Materials and methods Recently published contraception guidelines regarding adolescent pregnancy were retrieved. In particular, guidelines and recommendations from ACOG, RCOG, SOCG, AAP, CPS, NICE, CDC, and WHO were compared and reviewed based on each guideline’s method of reporting. Results Three categories of contraceptive methods are available for adolescents and recommendations on their initiation should be made based on their efficacy, according to all guidelines. Therefore, long acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) should be highly recommended as the most effective method (typical use failure rate: 0.05%), followed by short-acting hormonal contraceptives (typical use failure rate: 3–9%). The third contraceptive option includes contraceptives used in the moment of intercourse and displays the lowest effectiveness (typical use failure rate: 12–25%), mostly due to its dependence on personal consistency, however offers protection against STI transmission. Conclusion Adolescents should be encouraged to initiate contraception, with LARCs being the primary choice followed by short-acting hormonal contraception. However, regardless of the chosen effective contraceptive method, the use of condom is necessary for STI prevention. SHORT CONDENSATION Adolescent pregnancy, while recently in decline, remains a matter in need of addressing. The use of contraceptive methods such as LARCs and short-acting hormonal contraceptives should be encouraged and suggested based on effectiveness with the addition of condom for STI prevention.
The clinical and laboratory findings of infants with atopic dermatitis during diagnosis and follow-up.

Summary Objective. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the clinical and laboratory findings of children aged 0-2 years with atopic dermatitis at the time of admission and prognosis during follow-up. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted in İzmir Health Sciences University, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital. The clinical and laboratory data of patients between January 2014 and December 2019 were scanned from the patient records and the hospital data system. Results. 102 patients with a median age of 8(9) (min 2- max 24) months were included in the study. The median age of onset of the symptoms was 3(5) (min 1-max 21) months. The patients most frequently (85.2%) presented with eczema and lesions were most common (60.7%) in the extremities. Most of the patients (56.9%) had mild dermatitis. In the 6th month, 26.5% who continued follow-up had clinical improvement. Food allergy was present in 33.3% of the patients. The most common food allergen was egg (52.9%). Food allergy was associated with the severity of atopic dermatitis (p = 0.033), and the symptoms started earlier (p = 0.002). There is no relationship between the severity of atopic dermatitis and gender, family history, presence of additional atopic disease, response to treatment, total IgE and eosinophil count (p > 0.05); however, it was determined that the symptoms started earlier in patients with moderate/severe atopic dermatitis (p = 0.002). Conclusions. Food allergy is more common in the early-onset and moderate/severe atopic dermatitis. Accurate diagnosis of food allergy is necessary to increase the success of treatment and to prevent unnecessary diets.
A Comparative Analytical Review on Machine Learning Methods in Drug-Target Interactions Prediction.

BACKGROUND Predicting drug-target interactions (DTIs) is an important topic of study in the field of drug discovery and development. Since DTI prediction in vitro studies is very expensive and time-consuming, computational techniques for predicting drug-target interactions have been introduced successfully to solve these problems and have received extensive attention. OBJECTIVE In this paper, we provided a summary of databases that are useful in DTI prediction and intend to concentrate on machine learning methods as a chemogenomic approach in drug discovery. Unlike previous surveys, we propose a comparative analytical framework based on the evaluation criteria. METHODS In our suggested framework, there are three stages to follow: First, we present a comprehensive categorization of machine learning-based techniques as a chemogenomic approach for drug-target interaction prediction problems; Second, to evaluate the proposed classification, several general criteria are provided; Third, unlike other surveys, according to the evaluation criteria introduced in the previous stage, a comparative analytical evaluation is performed for each approach. RESULTS This systematic research covers the earliest, most recent, and outstanding techniques in the DTI prediction problem and identifies the advantages and weaknesses of each approach separately. Additionally, it can be helpful in the effective selection and improvement of DTI prediction techniques, which is the main superiority of the proposed framework. CONCLUSION This paper gives a thorough overview to serve as a guide and reference for other researchers by providing an analytical framework which can help to select, compare, and improve DTI prediction methods.
A case report of hypertrophic olivine degeneration complicated with OSAHS exacerbation: Case report and retrospective analysis

Rationale: Hypertrophic subolivine degeneration (HOD) was destroyed by Guillain–Mollaret triangle (GMT) due to various injuries, resulting in anterograde cavity-like degeneration of the lower olive nucleus. In addition, the brain stem is related to the muscle coordination of the upper respiratory tract. Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome may affect the respiratory center due to the injury of the brain stem. Brain stem hemorrhage damage GMT, resulting in transsynaptic neuronal degeneration. Clinical manifestations can be complex, and enhanced magnetic resonance imaging can be helpful in distinguishing them. Patient concerns: HOD is a self-limiting disease with no effective treatment and a long course of disease. Most patients can improve their symptoms after symptomatic treatment, and some patients can relieve their symptoms by themselves after 3 to 4 years. Diagnosis interventions: The limbs wobble involuntarily. His clinical symptoms and signs are consistent with HOD. Imaging with a clear primary lesion confirmed HOD. After treatment with antiepileptic drugs, the patient’s symptoms were relieved. Moreover, the patient had snoring and apnea, and respiratory sleep monitoring showed moderate obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome, which was treated with noninvasive ventilator. Outcomes: After treatment with antiepileptic drugs and noninvasive ventilator, the patient’s symptoms were significantly relieved. Lessons: HOD is a rare clinical disorder. Therefore, for similar patients, more attention should be paid to early diagnosis and treatment to avoid missed diagnosis, misdiagnosis and unnecessary intervention measures. The diagnosis can be confirmed by primary disease, clinical symptoms, and imaging based on GMT.