Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lo scenario emissivo nazionale nella negoziazione internazionale

Nel corso del 2012 il processo negoziale per la revisione del protocollo di Goteborg si e chiuso positivamente fissando delle percentuali di riduzione delle emissioni di SO2, NOX, PM2.5, NMVOC e NH3 rispetto all’anno base 2005 da conseguire entro il 2020. Contemporaneamente ha preso corso il processo di revisione della Strategia Tematica sull’Inquinamento Atmosferico, avviato dalla Commissione Europea nel 2011. In tali ambiti, il ruolo giocato dagli scenari emissivi e di notevole importanza. E infatti anche attraverso la discussione degli scenari emissivi, calcolati da strumenti come il modello di valutazione integrata GAINS, che e possibile definire una politica internazionale, comunitaria e nazionale per la lotta all’inquinamento atmosferico, sebbene ogni scenario sia sempre caratterizzato da un determinato grado di incertezza che puo avere importanti ripercussioni nella definizione delle politiche stesse. Nel presente lavoro vengono presentati e discussi i risultati di un possibile scenario di riferimento baseline, ossia definito a partire dalle sole misure previste dalla legislazione vigente, elaborato con il modello di valutazione integrata GAINS-Italia. Lo scenario baseline 2012 che verra esaminato mostra una riduzione delle emissioni al 2020, rispettoall’anno base 2005, pari al 45% per gli ossidi di zolfo, al 33% per gli ossidi di azoto (nell’ipotesi che i limiti previsti per l’Euro 6 saranno effettivamente rispettati nei cicli reali di guida), al 31% per i composti organici volatili non metanici e pari al 8% per l’ammoniaca. Per le emissioni di PM2.5, invece, si prevede al momento una crescita del 5%, essenzialmente legata alla forte crescita dei consumi di biomassa nel settore civile. Si e inoltre valutata la possibilita di ulteriori margini di riduzione delle emissioni attraverso l’elaborazione di uno scenario Maximum Technically Feasible Reduction.
Effect of the glycemic index of the diet on weight loss, modulation of satiety, inflammation, and other metabolic risk factors: a randomized

Background: Low–glycemic index (GI) diets have been proven to have beneficial effects in such chronic conditions as type 2 diabetes, ischemic heart disease, and some types of cancer, but the effect of lowGI diets on weight loss, satiety, and inflammation is still controversial. Objective: We assessed the efficacy of 2 moderate-carbohydrate diets and a low-fat diet with different GIs on weight loss and the modulation of satiety, inflammation, and other metabolic risk markers. Design: The GLYNDIET study is a 6-mo randomized, parallel, controlled clinical trial conducted in 122 overweight and obese adults. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the following 3 isocaloric energy-restricted diets for 6 mo: 1) a moderate-carbohydrate and high-GI diet (HGI), 2) a moderate-carbohydrate and low-GI diet (LGI), and 3) a low-fat and high-GI diet (LF). Results: At weeks 16 and 20 and the end of the intervention, changes in body mass index (BMI; in kg/m 2 ) differed significantly between intervention groups. Reductions in BMI were greater in the LGI group than in the LF group, whereas in the HGI group, reductions in BMI did not differ significantly from those in the other 2 groups (LGI: 22.45 6 0.27; HGI: 22.30 6 0.27; LF: 21.43 6 0.27; F = 4.616, P = 0.012; pairwise comparisons: LGI compared with HGI, P = 1.000; LGI compared with LF, P = 0.016; HGI compared with LF, P = 0.061). The decrease in fasting insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, and homeostatic model assessment of b cell function was also significantly greater in the LGI group than in the LF group (P , 0.05). Despite this tendency for a greater improvement with a low-GI diet, the 3 intervention groups were not observed to have different effects on hunger, satiety, lipid profiles, or other inflammatory and metabolic risk markers. Conclusion: A low-GI and energy-restricted diet containing moderate amounts of carbohydrates may be more effective than a high-GI and low-fat diet at reducing body weight and controlling glucose and insulin metabolism. This trial was registered at Current Controlled Trials (www.controlled-trials.com) as ISRCTN54971867. Am J Clin Nutr 2014;100:27–35.
Response : ‘ ‘ Recognizing Implicit Bias , Not Proteomics , Is theNextStep in Mitigating Disparities in Surgical Care

1. Allegranzi B, Bischoff P, de Jonge S, et al. New WHO recommendations on preoperative measures for surgical site infection prevention: an evidence-based global perspective. Lancet Infect Dis. 2016;16:e276–e287. 2. Broach RB, Paulson EC, Scott C, et al. Randomized controlled trial of two alcohol-based preparations for surgical site antisepsis in colorectal surgery. Ann Surg. 2017. doi: 10.1097/ SLA.0000000000002189 [Epub ahead of print]. 3. Charehbili A, Swijnenburg RJ, van de Velde C, et al. A retrospective analysis of surgical site infections after chlorhexidine-alcohol versus iodine-alcohol for pre-operative antisepsis. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2014;15:310–313. 4. Darouiche RO, Wall MJ Jr, Itani KM, et al. Chlorhexidine-alcohol versus povidone-iodine for surgical-site antisepsis. N Engl J Med. 2010;362:18–26. 5. Dumville JC, McFarlane E, Edwards P, et al. Preoperative skin antiseptics for preventing surgical wound infections after clean surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;4:CD003949. 6. Hadiati DR, Hakimi M, Nurdiati DS, et al. Skin preparation for preventing infection following caesarean section. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;9:CD007462. 7. Lee I, Agarwal RK, Lee BY, et al. Systematic review and cost analysis comparing use of chlorhexidine with use of iodine for preoperative skin antisepsis to prevent surgical site infection. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2010;31:1219–1229. 8. Noorani A,RabeyN, WalshSR,et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of preoperative antisepsis with chlorhexidineversuspovidone-iodine inclean-contaminated surgery. Br J Surg. 2010;97:1614–1620. 9. Springel EH, Wang XY, Sarfoh VM, et al. A randomized open-label controlled trial of chlorhexidine-alcohol versus povidone-iodine for cesarean antisepsis: the CAPICA trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog. 2017.05. 060. [Epub ahead of print]. 10. Hakkarainen TW, Dellinger EP, Evans HL, et al. Comparative effectiveness of skin antiseptic agents in reducing surgical site infections: a report from the Washington State Surgical Care and Outcomes Assessment Program. J Am Coll Surg. 2014;218:336–344.
Coronary Vasomotor Responses to Isometric Handgrip Exercise are Primarily Mediated by Nitric 1 Oxide : a Noninvasive MRI Test of Coronary Endothelial Function 2 3

Coronary Vasomotor Responses to Isometric Handgrip Exercise are Primarily Mediated by Nitric 1 Oxide: a Noninvasive MRI Test of Coronary Endothelial Function 2 3 Hays, Allison G. *, Iantorno, Micaela*, Soleimanifard, Sahar, Steinberg, Angela, Schär, Michael, 4 Gerstenblith, Gary, Stuber, Matthias, Weiss, Robert G. 5 * Drs. Hays and Iantorno contributed equally 6 Abbreviated title: MRI Evaluation of Coronary Endothelial Function 7 8 1. Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA 9 2. Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, USA 10 3. Department of Radiology, Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, Johns Hopkins University, 11 Baltimore, Maryland, USA 12 4. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA 13 5. Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Center for Biomedical Imaging 14 (CIBM) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland 15 16 17 18 19 20 Correspondence to 21 Robert G Weiss, MD 22 Blalock 544, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, 23 600N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, USA 21287-6568 24 Tel. : +1 4109551703; fax: +1 4109555996. 25 E-mail address: rweiss@jhmi.edu 26 27 28 29 30 Articles in PresS. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol (March 27, 2015). doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00023. 2015
The distribution of anorthosite on the nearside of the moon

Remote sensing studies of lunar basin and crater deposits were conducted in order to determine the composition of surface units and to investigate the stratigraphy of the lunar crust. These studies have combined both visible and near-IR spectral observations with multispectral imaging in order to determine the lithology of relatively small portions (2-10 km) of the lunar surface. Numerous deposits of pure anorthosite (plagioclase greater than 90 percent) were identified and an interesting pattern has emerged. The purposes of this report are as follows: (1) to summarize the results of our previous studies of the distribution of anorthosite; (2)to present new findings concerning the modes of occurrence of lunar anorthosite; and (3) to assess the implication for the magma ocean hypothesis.
Oceanic Angular Momentum and Torques in a General Circulation Model

Abstract The ocean's angular momentum (M) and torques about the Polar axis are analyzed using output from the global, eddy-resolving model of Semtner and Chervin. Seasonal variability in M is dominated by the annual cycle, whose magnitude appears capable of helping explain the residual in the solid earth-atmosphere annual momentum budget. Planetary (MΩ) and relative (Mr) ocean angular momentum components have comparable seasonal amplitudes. Most of the mean signal in Mr, results from flows in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current region, but flows as far north as approximately 30°S am needed to explain the seasonal cycle. Local1y, the strongest variability in relative angular momentum is found in the Tropics at all depths, a manifestation of the zonal, recirculating character of the tropical circulation. The time rate of change of M is very small compared to the applied wind torque. Calculation of bottom pressure torques using the geostrophic relation reveals a dominant balance between them and the surface wi.
Integrating photonics with silicon nanoelectronics for the next 1 generation of systems on a chip 2

Amir H. Atabaki*1, Sajjad Moazeni*2, Fabio Pavanello*3¶‡, Hayk Gevorgyan4, Jelena Notaros3††, 3 Luca Alloatti1||, Mark T. Wade3**, Chen Sun2**, Seth A. Kruger5, Huaiyu Meng1, Kenaish Al 4 Qubaisi4, Imbert Wang4, Bohan Zhang4, Anatol Khilo4, Christopher V. Baiocco5, Miloš A. Popović4, 5 Vladimir M. Stojanović2, Rajeev J. Ram1 6 7 8 *Contributed equally to this work 9 1Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA 10 2University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA 11 3University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA 12 4Boston University, Boston, MA, USA 13 5Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University at Albany, Albany, NY, USA 14
Adjuvant chemotherapy with fluorouracil plus folinic acid vs gemcitabine following pancreatic cancer resection: a randomized controlled trial.

CONTEXT Adjuvant fluorouracil has been shown to be of benefit for patients with resected pancreatic cancer. Gemcitabine is known to be the most effective agent in advanced disease as well as an effective agent in patients with resected pancreatic cancer. OBJECTIVE To determine whether fluorouracil or gemcitabine is superior in terms of overall survival as adjuvant treatment following resection of pancreatic cancer. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS The European Study Group for Pancreatic Cancer (ESPAC)-3 trial, an open-label, phase 3, randomized controlled trial conducted in 159 pancreatic cancer centers in Europe, Australasia, Japan, and Canada. Included in ESPAC-3 version 2 were 1088 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma who had undergone cancer resection; patients were randomized between July 2000 and January 2007 and underwent at least 2 years of follow-up. INTERVENTIONS Patients received either fluorouracil plus folinic acid (folinic acid, 20 mg/m(2), intravenous bolus injection, followed by fluorouracil, 425 mg/m(2) intravenous bolus injection given 1-5 days every 28 days) (n = 551) or gemcitabine (1000 mg/m(2) intravenous infusion once a week for 3 of every 4 weeks) (n = 537) for 6 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcome measure was overall survival; secondary measures were toxicity, progression-free survival, and quality of life. RESULTS Final analysis was carried out on an intention-to-treat basis after a median of 34.2 (interquartile range, 27.1-43.4) months' follow-up after 753 deaths (69%). Median survival was 23.0 (95% confidence interval [CI], 21.1-25.0) months for patients treated with fluorouracil plus folinic acid and 23.6 (95% CI, 21.4-26.4) months for those treated with gemcitabine (chi(1)(2) = 0.7; P = . 39; hazard ratio, 0.94 [95% CI, 0.81-1.08]). Seventy-seven patients (14%) receiving fluorouracil plus folinic acid had 97 treatment-related serious adverse events, compared with 40 patients (7.5%) receiving gemcitabine, who had 52 events (P < .001). There were no significant differences in either progression-free survival or global quality-of-life scores between the treatment groups. CONCLUSION Compared with the use of fluorouracil plus folinic acid, gemcitabine did not result in improved overall survival in patients with completely resected pancreatic cancer. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00058201.
Pathology of Critical Limb Ischemia; Comparison of Plaque Characteristics Between Anterior and Posterior Tibial Arteries

Aims: Though the number of patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and critical limb ischemia (CLI) is increasing, few histopathological studies of PAD, particularly that involving below-the-knee arteries, has been reported. We analyzed the pathology of anterior tibial artery (ATA) and posterior tibial artery (PTA) specimens obtained from patients who underwent lower extremity amputation due to CLI Methods: Dissected ATAs and PTAs were subjected to ex-vivo soft X-ray radiography, followed by pathological examination using 860 histological sections. This protocol was approved by the Ethics Review Board of Nihon University Itabashi Hospital (RK-190910-01) and Kyorin University Hospital (R02-179). Results: The calcified area distribution was significantly larger in PTAs than in ATAs on soft X-ray radiographic images (ATAs, 48.3% ±19.2 versus PTAs, 61.6% ±23.9;p＜0.001). Eccentric plaque with necrotic core and macrophage infiltration were more prominent in ATAs than in PTAs (eccentric plaque: ATAs, 63.7% versus PTAs, 49.1%;p＜0.0001, macrophage: ATAs, 0.29% [0.095 - 1.1%] versus PTAs, 0.12% [0.029 - 0.36%];p＜0.001), histopathologically. Thromboembolic lesions were more frequently identified in PTAs than in ATAs (ATAs, 11.1% versus PTAs 15.8%;p＜0.05). Moreover, post-balloon injury pathology differed between ATAs and PTAs. Conclusions: Histological features differed strikingly between ATAs and PTAs obtained from CLI patients. Clarifying the pathological features of CLI would contribute to establishing therapeutic strategies for PAD, particularly disease involving below-the knee-arteries.
Forest health in a changing environment

Ongoing changes in Earth’s atmosphere and global climate change will have profound effects on future forest distribution and composition, as well as on the organisms that live and depend on forests. It is anticipated that due to increased stress, trees will become more susceptible to insects and diseases. At the same time, changes in temperature and precipitation regimes will cause alterations in the lifecycles of insects and diseases, increasing their host ranges and virulence, and becoming important drivers of change in forest ecosystems. In addition to these effects, forest health is threatened by invasive species. Accelerated global trade will increase the likelihood of cross-continental introduction of insects and pathogens, as well as plants and animals alien to native ecosystems, causing transformation and economic loss in forests already stressed by climate change. Forest resistance to climate-induced forest health decline can be increased by a number of measures, which include increasing forest complexity, conservation of genetic variability by protecting key populations, and assisting forests to migrate and adapt to the change. Complex decision-making systems may need to be developed to assess climate risk and forest health impacts. Forest pest management can play a role in mitigating the effects of climate change on forests and society.
The Kuroshio variations from satellite-derived sea surface temperature and Argos satellite-tracking Lagrangian drifters

This study aimed to identify the spatial and temporal variations of the Kuroshio using satellite-derived Sea Surface Temperature (SST) data and a total of 585 Argos satellite-tracking Lagrangian drifters during 1987–2006 in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. The threshold of high surface velocity, more than 75 cm s–1, was used to determine the location of the Kuroshio Current and found that its width ranged from 50 to 100 km. Moreover, this study first conducted a synoptic view for three predominant regions of the Kuroshio, including the area east of Taiwan, the area east of the East China Sea (ECS) and the area south of Japan. We found that the Kuroshio flows at a three-step increase in speed from upstream to downstream. The maximum mean surface velocity, 153 cm s–1, occurred to the south of Japan. Furthermore, the higher surface velocity of the Kuroshio was usually during the summertime (from April to September). In addition, the four-cruise CTD (Conductivity, Temperature, Depth)-transect data observed in January 2005 were collected to identify and validate the path of the Kuroshio axes. The results showed that the measure of 17.5°C at a depth of 200 m could be regarded as an indicator of the Kuroshio axis, corresponding with the maximum surface velocities of the Argos drifters. The monthly satellite-derived SST values of the Kuroshio were usually more than 10°C, so it was difficult to find a specific isotherm to express the location of the Kuroshio. However, extensive Kuroshio fronts derived from satellite SST data were found in this study. These Kuroshio fronts, associated with high SST gradients, were usually located on the boundary between the warm water of the Kuroshio and the colder water of the shelf, corresponding with the boundary of high surface velocity of the Argos drifters. Consequently, this study suggests that these Kuroshio fronts can be regarded as an effective indicator of the Kuroshio paths and its main axes.
Association Between Chronic Physical Conditions and the Effectiveness of Collaborative Care for Depression : An Individual Participant Data Meta-analysis

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Active Learning for Convenient Annotation and Classification of Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Images Methods Active Learning Training Utility Value Function Random Forests Tuv for Random Forests

Digital staining for the automated annotation of Mass Spectrometry Imaging (MSI) data has previously been achieved using state-of-the-art classifiers such as random forests or support vector machines (SVMs). However, the training of such classifiers requires an expert to label exemplary data in advance. This process is time-consuming and hence costly, especially if the tissue is heterogeneous. In theory, it may be sufficient to only label few highly representative pixels of an MS image, but it is not known a priori which pixels to select. This motivates active learning strategies in which the algorithm itself queries the expert by automatically suggesting promising candidate pixels of an MS image for labeling. Given a suitable querying strategy, the number of required training labels can be significantly reduced while maintaining classification accuracy. In this work, we propose active learning for convenient annotation of MSI data. We generalize a recently proposed active learning method to the multi-class case and combine it with the random forest classifier. Its superior performance over random sampling is demonstrated on Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry data, making it an interesting approach for the classification of mass spectrometry images. et al., 2008). In many of these recent studies, the MS image is spatially partitioned into coherent regions associated with cancer or healthy tissue, or regions corresponding to different cell types. Manual analysis requires the expert to inspect multiple m/z channel images. Moreover, analyzing the channel images independently may not even be sufficient for discriminating tissue types with similar molecular signatures. For these reasons and with data sizes of up to several gigabytes (Eijkel et al., 2009) direct manual analysis becomes tedious or infeasible, emphasizing the need for automated methods. Previous studies have shown that unsupervised methods such as hierarchical clustering (Deininger et al., 2008), principal component analysis (PCA) (van de Plas et al., 2007) or probabilistic latent semantic analysis (pLSA) (Hanselmann et al., 2008) are useful for segmenting MS images into spectrally coherent regions based on their molecular signatures only. At the same time they are intrinsically limited by their inability to learn from expert annotations. One consequence is the lack of clear criteria for model optimization (Cord and Cunningham, 2008). If the underlying mathematical assumptions are inept for the data at hand, the user has very limited influence on the segmentation outcome. Many recent studies have thus considered supervised approaches and demonstrated that, given a set of spatially resolved annotations or …
A Cognitive Study of News Reports of China Daily and Washington Post on Diaoyu Island Issues

Diaoyu islands issue has become the hot topic since 2012. China Daily and Washington Post are chosen as research subject, who are representative news agencies with great authority of two countries representing their countries' and people's attitude. The author chose 8 news reports respectively from the two news agencies over Diaoyu island issue, combining political news and conceptual metaphor, finding out the similarities and differences in the use of conceptual metaphor of these two news agencies based on mapping mechanism, and revealing their attitude and political stance over the Diaoyu islands issue. It has been found that there are some metaphors commonly used by two news agencies, while some metaphors are preferred. Besides, China holds unshakable political stance in protecting its own territory rights. America's attitude over the island dispute between China and Japan is constantly changing. topology of the source domain, in a way consistent with the inherent structure of the target domain". This paper applies conceptual metaphor theory to compare 8 pieces of news reports respectively from China Daily and Washington Post. Those two news agencies represent the different voices towards the international political events, cultural conflicts and economic activities from the two countries, China and USA. They are two of the most popular international news agencies, which convey the information to people and lead or at least influence people's opinion on things. Also, it demonstrates the two countries' different foreign policy, political attitude, and cultural elements. All the news reports from China Daily and Washington Post that concerned in this thesis are found respectively from the website http://www.chinadaily. com.cn/ and http://www.washingtonpost. com/.