Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Crosstalk between Heme Oxygenase-1 and Iron Metabolism in Macrophages: Implications for the Modulation of Inflammation and Immunity

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of heme, releasing equimolar amounts of carbon monoxide (CO), biliverdin (BV), and iron. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of HO-1 activity are conferred in part by the release of CO and BV and are extensively characterized. However, iron constitutes an important product of HO-1 activity involved in the regulation of several cellular biological processes. The macrophage-mediated recycling of heme molecules, in particular those contained in hemoglobin, constitutes the major mechanism through which living organisms acquire iron. This process is finely regulated by the activities of HO-1 and of the iron exporter protein ferroportin. The expression of both proteins can be induced or suppressed in response to pro- and anti-inflammatory stimuli in macrophages from different tissues, which alters the intracellular iron concentrations of these cells. As we discuss in this review article, changes in intracellular iron levels play important roles in the regulation of cellular oxidation reactions as well as in the transcriptional and translational regulation of the expression of proteins related to inflammation and immune responses, and therefore, iron metabolism represents a potential target for the development of novel therapeutic strategies focused on the modulation of immunity and inflammation.
Cysteine Substitution of Transmembrane Domain Amino Acids Alters the Ethanol Inhibition of GluN1/GluN2A N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors

N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptors are inhibited by behaviorally relevant concentrations of ethanol and residues within transmembrane (TM) domains of NMDARs including TM3 GluN1 phenylalanine 639 (F639) regulate this sensitivity. In the present study, we used cysteine (C) mutagenesis to determine whether there are additional residues within nearby TM domains that regulate ethanol inhibition on NMDARs. GluN1(F639C)/GluN2A receptors were less inhibited by ethanol than wild-type receptors and inhibition was restored to wild-type levels following treatment with ethanol-like methanethiosulfonate (MTS) reagents. Molecular modeling identified six residues in the GluN1 TM1 domain (valine V566; serine S569) and the GluN2A TM4 domain (methionine M817; V820, F821, and leucine, L824) that were in close vicinity to the TM3 F639 residue and these were individually mutated to cysteine and tested for ethanol inhibition and receptor function. The F639C-induced decrease in ethanol inhibition was blunted by co-expression of GluN1 TM1 mutants V566C and S569C and statistically significant interactions were observed for ethanol inhibition between V566C, F639C, and GluN2A TM4 mutants V820C and F821C and S569C, F639C and GluN2A TM4 mutants F821C and L824C. Ethanol inhibition was also reduced when either GluN1 TM1 mutant V566C or S569C was combined with GluN2A V820C suggesting a novel TM1:TM4 intra-subunit site of action for ethanol. Cysteines substituted at TM3 and TM4 sites previously suggested to interact with ethanol had less dramatic effects on ethanol inhibition. Overall, the results from these studies suggest that interactions between TM1, TM3 and TM4 amino acids in NMDARs are important determinants of ethanol action at these receptors. molecular weight bands in cysteine substituted mutants in absence of DTT and lack of higher molecular weight bands in samples treated with DTT prior to gel loading.
Natural Product Library Screens Identify Sanguinarine Chloride as a Potent Inhibitor of Telomerase Expression and Activity

Reverse transcriptase hTERT is essential to telomerase function in stem cells, as well as in 85–90% of human cancers. Its high expression in stem cells or cancer cells has made telomerase/hTERT an attractive therapeutic target for anti-aging and anti-tumor applications. In this study, we screened a natural product library containing 800 compounds using an endogenous hTERT reporter. Eight candidates have been identified, in which sanguinarine chloride (SC) and brazilin (Braz) were selected due to their leading inhibition. SC could induce an acute and strong suppressive effect on the expression of hTERT and telomerase activity in multiple cancer cells, whereas Braz selectively inhibited telomerase in certain types of cancer cells. Remarkably, SC long-term treatment could cause telomere attrition and cell growth retardation, which lead to senescence features in cancer cells, such as the accumulation of senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal)-positive cells, the upregulation of p16/p21/p53 pathways and telomere dysfunction-induced foci (TIFs). Additionally, SC exhibited excellent capabilities of anti-tumorigenesis, both in vitro and in vivo. In the mechanism, the compound down-regulated several active transcription factors including p65, a subunit of NF-κB complex, and reintroducing p65 could alleviate its suppression of the hTERT/telomerase. Moreover, SC could directly bind hTERT and inhibit telomerase activity in vitro. In conclusion, we identified that SC not only down-regulates the hTERT gene’s expression, but also directly affects telomerase/hTERT. The dual function makes this compound an attractive drug candidate for anti-tumor therapy.
Stakeholders Perception of Public Sector Performance Audit

This study focused on evaluating public sector audit quality on public expenditure management in Nigeria. Qualitative and quantitative research was applied and data analysed using SPSS and NVivo 10. The F-statistics of 37.611, 27.644 and 27.218 explains the variations as adequate and significant at p <0.000. The R ratios of 0.621, 0.562 and 0.559 indicate significant influence of the audit quality on a gencies’ expenditure management. The R-Square values of 0.385, 0.315 and 0.312 public expenditure management is influenced by audit quality. The study found significant relationship between audit qualities, agencies expenditure management, external influences on auditors that impair their independence and highlighted the absence of Audit Commission thus recommended the amendment of the Audit Act to promote yearly mandatory rendition of performance audit that addresses economy, efficiency and effectiveness (3Es) and standardized performance audit guidelines for presenting the audit reports that should be made available curtail non-audit service contracts from Agencies.
Effect of Catch Crops and Tillage Systems on the Content of Selected Nutrients in Spring Wheat Grain

: This paper presents the effects of catch crops (white mustard, lacy phacelia, and a mixture of legumes—faba bean + spring vetch) and two tillage systems (plough tillage and no-tillage) on some quality parameters of spring wheat grain. A ﬁeld experiment in growing spring wheat in monoculture was conducted in the period 2016–2018 in Czesławice (central part of the Lublin region, Poland). An assumption was made that the nutritional composition of wheat grain could be inﬂuenced already at the stage of selection of agronomic practices by modifying the soil chemical and enzyme composition—being the “starting point” for grain quality. It was proven that all the catch crops tested in this study contributed to an improvement in the chemical composition of the soil used in the experiment (a signiﬁcant increase in humus, P and Mg content). Both the catch crops and the conservation (no-tillage) system stimulated the activity of soil enzymes: dehydrogenase and urease. This resulted in more favorable soil conditions for spring wheat grown in monoculture. The cultivation of the catch crops (particularly white mustard) indirectly contributed to an increased content of dietary ﬁber and o-dihydroxyphenols in wheat grain. Moreover, the content of most of the amino acids determined and the essential amino acid index (EAAI) in wheat grain were found to be more favorable in the treatments with the catch crops. The highest content of all the macro- and micronutrients analyzed in wheat grain was found in the catch crop treatments (especially that with white mustard). It should be noted that spring wheat responded favorably to the reduced tillage system (no-tillage). Since the grain content of o-dihydroxyphenols, magnesium, calcium, copper, manganese, iron, selenium, and some amino acids (especially essential ones: Lys, Met, Trp) was found to be higher compared to plough tillage.
Motivation, segmentation and the mega-tournament experience: a study of English Football Tourists at World Cup 2014

The FedExCup is a professional golf championship on the PGA TOUR that includes the first playoff system staged on any of the world’s professional golf tours. The FedExCup, incorporating elements of theory on the design of individualistic sports competitions in its organisation and structure, enhances the PGA TOUR season by providing an additional competitive element and has to date been effective in meeting a number of its objectives. However, despite having the largest prize fund in golf and the seventh largest first prize in all team or individual sports, the FedExCup is evidently considered neither by top players nor by fans to be the most important competition in golf, thereby conflicting with theory on prize incentives in sport competition. The FedExCup cannot currently match the inherent importance and tradition of the major championship tournaments; however, its importance may be enhanced with a reorganisation of the finale tournament, ‘The TOUR Championship’, to a three day tournament and the introduction of new matchplay playoff competition between the top four players in the final standings after The TOUR Championship. This would serve to separate the two distinct competitions: (a) the competition for the event, and (b) the competition for the ‘league title’, and make them complementary rather than embedded. The objective of this restructure is to maintain all of the existing positive elements of the design of the FedExCup, but to also add a more dramatic context to its conclusion; critically it would make the competition more attractive to spectators and as a consequence, increase the perceived status of the FedExCup to a level more befitting of its prize fund.
Midas: Systematic Kernel TOCTTOU Protection

Double-fetch bugs are a plague across all major operating sys-tem kernels. They occur when data is fetched twice across the user/kernel trust boundary while allowing concurrent mod-iﬁcation. Such bugs enable an attacker to illegally access memory, cause denial of service, or to escalate privileges. So far, the only protection against double-fetch bugs is to detect and ﬁx them. However, they remain incredibly hard to ﬁnd. Similarly, they fundamentally prohibit efﬁcient, kernel-based stateful system call ﬁltering. Thus, we propose Midas to mitigate double-fetch bugs. Midas creates on-demand snapshots and copies of accessed data, enforcing our key invariant that throughout a system call’s lifetime, every read to a userspace object will return the same value. Midas shows no noticeable drop in performance when evaluated on compute-bound workloads. On system call heavy workloads, Midas incurs 0.2–14% performance overhead, while protecting the kernel against any TOCTTOU attacks. On average, Midas shows a 3 . 4% overhead on diverse work-loads across two benchmark suites.
Assessing the Benthic Response to Climate-Driven Methane Hydrate Destabilisation: State of the Art and Future Modelling Perspectives

Modern observations and geological records suggest that anthropogenic ocean warming could destabilise marine methane hydrate, resulting in methane release from the seafloor to the ocean-atmosphere, and potentially triggering a positive feedback on global temperature. On the decadal to millennial timescales over which hydrate-sourced methane release is hypothesized to occur, several processes consuming methane below and above the seafloor have the potential to slow, reduce or even prevent such release. Yet, the modulating effect of these processes on seafloor methane emissions remains poorly quantified, and the full impact of benthic methane consumption on ocean carbon chemistry is still to be explored. In this review, we document the dynamic interplay between hydrate thermodynamics, benthic transport and biogeochemical reaction processes, that ultimately determines the impact of hydrate destabilisation on seafloor methane emissions and the ocean carbon cycle. Then, we provide an overview of how state-of-the-art numerical models treat such processes and examine their ability to quantify hydrate-sourced methane emissions from the seafloor, as well as their impact on benthic biogeochemical cycling. We discuss the limitations of current models in coupling the dynamic interplay between hydrate thermodynamics and the different reaction and transport processes that control the efficiency of the benthic sink, and highlight their shortcoming in assessing the full implication of methane release on ocean carbon cycling. Finally, we recommend that current Earth system models explicitly account for hydrate driven benthic-pelagic exchange fluxes to capture potential hydrate-carbon cycle-climate feed-backs.
Deteksi Langkah Kaki Berdasarkan Total Akselerasi dan Sudut Kemiringan Menggunakan Sensor Accelerometer pada Smartphone

Deteksi langkah kaki menjadi topik yang menarik untuk diteliti karena hasil deteksi langkah dapat dimanfaatkan untuk berbagai pengaplikaisan. Penerapan deteksi langkah kaki banyak diimplementasikan untuk mendeteksi aktivitas fisik dan untuk deteksi posisi di dalam ruangan. Salah satu sensor yang dapat digunakan untuk mendeteksi langkah kaki adalah sensor accelerometer, baik sensor accelerometer yang telah disematkan pada perangkat smartphone atau modul sensor yang dirakit dan dihubungkan dengan mikrokontroler. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan sensor accelerometer pada perangkat smartphone. Sumbu sensor yang digunakan adalah sumbu x, y, dan z. Nilai dari ketiga sumbu tersebut dihitung untuk mendapatkan nilai magnitude-nya atau total akselerasi, sebelum dihitung dilakukan proses filterasi terlebih dahulu. Total akselerasi dari ketiga sumbu tersebut ditentukan nilai puncaknya yang mewakili langkah kaki yang terjadi. Untuk posisi smartphone yang dipegang oleh pengguna diidentifikasi menggunakan sudut kemiringan. Terjadinya langkah diidentifikasi berdasarkan nilai ambang batas total akselerasi, sudut kemiriangan, dan jumlah total akselerasi yang memenuhi nilai ambang batas. Teknik yang diterapkan telah diujikan untuk 365 langkah, dari total pengujian tersebut teknik yang diimplementasikan ternyata mengidentifikasi terjadinya 406 langkah. Terdapat selisih langkah, yaitu 41 langkah lebih banyak dari kondisi sebenarnya atau sebesar 11,23% dari total langkah yang terjadi.
DEVELOPING A FUZZY RISK ASSESSMENT MODEL FOR ERPSYSTEMS

Context. Because assessing information security risks is a complex and complete uncertainty process, and uncer-tainties are a major factor influencing valuation performance, it is advisable to use fuzzy methods and models that are adaptive to non-calculated data. The formation of vague assessments of risk factors is subjective, and risk assessment depends on the practical results obtained in the process of processing the risks of threats that have already arisen during the functioning of the organization and experience of information security professionals. Therefore, it will be advisable to use models that can adequately assess fuzzy factors and have the ability to adjust their impact on risk assessment. The greatest performance indicators for solving such problems are neuro-fuzzy models that combine methods of fuzzy logic and artificial neural networks and systems, i.e. “human-like” style of considerations of fuzzy systems with training and simulation of mental phenomena of neural networks. To build a model for calculating the risk assessment of information security, it is proposed to use a fuzzy product model. Fuzzy product models (Rule-Based Fuzzy Models/Systems) this is a common type of fuzzy models used to describe, analyze and simulate complex systems and processes that are poorly formalized. Objective. Development of the structure of a fuzzy model of quality of information security risk assessment and protection of ERP systems through the use of fuzzy neural models. Method. To build a model for calculating the risk assessment of information security, it is proposed to use a fuzzy product model. Fuzzy product models are a common kind of fuzzy models used to describe, analyze and model complex systems and processes that are poorly formalized. Results. Identified factors influencing risk assessment suggest the use of linguistic variables to describe them and use fuzzy variables to assess their qualities, as well as a system of qualitative assessments. The choice of parameters is substantiated and the structure of the fuzzy product model of risk assessment and the basis of the rules of fuzzy logical conclusion is developed. The use of fuzzy models for solving problems of information security risk assessment, as well as the concept and construction of ERP systems and analyzed problems of their security and vulnerabilities are considered. Conclusions. A fuzzy model has been developed risk assessment of the ERP system. Selected a list of factors affecting the risk of information security. Methods of risk assessment of information resources and ERP-systems in general, assessment of financial losses from the implementation of threats, determination of the type of risk according to its assessment for the formation of recommendations on their processing in order to maintain the level of protection of the ERP-system are proposed. The list of linguistic variables of the model is defined. The structure of the database of fuzzy product rules – MISO-structure is chosen. The structure of the fuzzy model was built. Fuzzy variable models have been identified.
Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic from the Brazilian Supreme Court and Romanian Constitutional Court

During the pandemic, Brazil and Romania faced different problems regarding public authorities. While in Brazil there was an absence of a strong coordination against virus spread by the executive, because of the presidential denialism, in Romania there was the declaration of the state of emergency and, after that, the state of alert, imposing restrictions on the exercise of rights and freedoms. However, both countries shared the fact that human rights were under threat, either for action or for omission in that period. Therefore, the analysis of both courts in that context is crucial to understanding the protection of human rights in these jurisdictions.
Computer Vision-Based Medical Cloud Data System for Back Muscle Image Detection

The fast development of image recognition and information technology has influenced people's life and industry management mode not only in some common fields such as information management, but also has very much improved the working efficiency of various industries. In the healthcare field, the current highly disparate doctor–patient ratio leads to more and more doctors needing to undertake more and more patient treatment tasks. Back muscle image detection can also be considered a task in medical image processing. Similar to medical image processing, back muscle detection requires first processing the back image and extracting semantic features by convolutional neural networks, and then training classifiers to identify specific disease symptoms. To alleviate the workload of doctors in recognizing CT slices and ultrasound detection images and to improve the efficiency of remote communication and interaction between doctors and patients, this paper designs and implements a medical image recognition cloud system based on semantic segmentation of CT images and ultrasound recognition images. Accurate detection of back muscles was achieved using the cloud platform and convolutional neural network algorithm. Upon final testing, the algorithm of this system partially meets the accuracy requirements proposed by the requirements. The medical image recognition system established based on this semantic segmentation algorithm is able to handle all aspects of medical workers and patients in general in a stable manner and can perform image segmentation processing quickly within the required range. Then, this paper explores the effect of muscle activity on the lumbar region based on this system.
Instructional Humour and Cognitive Affective Learning with Multimedia (IHCALM)

While background music and interesting yet irrelevant to the topic adjuncts were found to harm learning (and were classified as seductive detail) in the Cognitive-Affective Theory of Learning with Media model (CATLM), emotionally appealing shapes and color were found to foster learning (and were classified as multimedia with emotional design). However, although humour is used in education during class and has both psychological and physiological benefits, there is no published research about instructional humour (IH) in CATLM to date. The purpose of the current research was to clarify whether IH in CATLM fosters learning, or if it is yet another type of seductive detail. Total of 96 young undergraduate student participants were randomly assigned to watch a stimuli depicting 3D animations of brain cells either with IH (named as IHCALM) or without it (named as NH). All student data regarding mirth duration were measured with cameras, while how funny they found the stimuli, as well as their cognitive load, emotions, motivation, knowledge, and metacognition were all measured with Open Sesame. To test if the IHCALM harms learning, similarity between conditions was analyzed with both Bayesian Factor analysis and null hypothesis testing, which jointly reveal 3 outcomes. Outcome results show that IHCALM does not harms learning, due to being similar with the non-humorous condition. Implications of these findings for education are considered.
Optimization of Fibrin Scaffolds to Study Friction in Cultured Mesothelial Cells

To study the friction of cell monolayers avoiding damage due to stress concentration, cells can be cultured on fibrin gels, which have a structure and viscoelasticity similar to that of the extracellular matrix. In the present research, we studied different gel compositions and surface coatings in order to identify the best conditions to measure friction in vitro. We examined the adhesion and growth behavior of mesothelial cell line MET-5A on fibrin gels with different fibrinogen concentrations (15, 20, and 25 mg/mL) and with different adhesion coatings (5 μg/mL fibronectin, 10 μg/mL fibronectin, or 10 μg/mL fibronectin + 10 μg/mL collagen). We also investigated whether different substrates influenced the coefficient of friction and the ability of cells to stick to the gel during sliding. Finally, we studied the degradation rates of gels with and without cells. All substrates tested provided a suitable environment for the adherence and proliferation of mesothelial cells, and friction measurements did not cause significant cell damage or detachment. However, in gels with a lower fibrinogen concentration, cell viability was higher and cell detachment after friction measurement was lower. Fibrinolysis was negligible in all the substrates tested.