Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analisis Empirical Orthogonal Function (Eof) Berbasis Eigen Value Problem (Evp) Pada Dataset Suhu Permukaan Laut Indonesia

Data global Suhu Permukaan Laut (SPL) hasil observasi dari tahun ke tahun dibatasi penggunaannya untuk menentukan variasi spasial dan temporal. Analisis dilakukan terhadap data SPL di wilayah perairan Indonesia selama 600 bulan. Metode yang digunakan untuk analisis tersebut adalah metode Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) berbasis Eigen Value Problem (EVP). Metode ini lebih dikenal sebagai metode Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Metode EOF bertujuan mereduksi data yang berukuran besar menjadi beberapa mode tanpa menghilangkan informasi dari data yang diamati. Analisis dengan metode tersebut menghasilkan empat komponen utama terbesar yang diinisialkan dengan mode EOF1, EOF2, EOF3 dan EOF4. Mode EOF1 menjelaskan 51.4% dari variasi total dan merupakan pola dominan yang mewakili hampir seluruh data. Mode EOF2 menunjukkan 26.7% dari variasi total. Mode EOF3 dan EOF4 masing-masing menjelaskan 11.2% dan 4.9% dari variasi total. Setiap mode EOF mengandung koefisien yang memuat variabel berupa data grid dan vektor eigen. Data grid menggambarkan letak geografis dan vektor eigen menggambarkan dimensi ruang. Efektifitas dari empat mode EOF yang dihasilkan tersebut dipertahankan untuk dapat menghampiri data asli. Hampiran data asli diperoleh dengan menentukan nilai norm error dari hasil reduksi menggunakan teknik error norm matriks. Teknik ini menghasilkan pola hubungan antara tingkat kesalahan relatif (relative error) dan mode EOF. Pola hubungan yang diperoleh memperlihatkan bahwa semakin banyak mode yang diambil, maka kesalahan relatif akan semakin kecil.
Insights into the Structure, Metabolism, Biological Functions and Molecular Mechanisms of Sialic Acid: A Review

Sialic acid (SA) is a kind of functional monosaccharide which exists widely in edible bird’s nest (EBN), milk, meat, mucous membrane surface, etc. SA is an important functional component in promoting brain development, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-virus, anti-tumor and immune regulation. The intestinal mucosa covers the microbial community that has a significant impact on health. In the gut, SA can also regulate gut microbiota and metabolites, participating in different biological functions. The structure, source and physiological functions of SA were reviewed in this paper. The biological functions of SA through regulating key signaling pathways and target genes were discussed. In summary, SA can modulate gut microbiota and metabolites, which affect gene expressions and exert its biological activities. It is helpful to provide scientific reference for the further investigation of SA in the functional foods.
Reduced Left Ventricular Function on Cardiac MRI in SLE Patients Correlates with Measures of SLE Disease Activity and Inflammation

Background: Women with SLE have an elevated risk of CVD morbidity and mortality and frequently report chest pain in the absence of obstructive CAD. Echocardiographic studies often demonstrate reduced LV function, correlating with higher disease activity. We used cardiac MRI (cMRI) to investigate the relationship between SLE, related inflammatory biomarkers and cardiac function in female SLE patients. Methods: Women with SLE reporting chest pain with no obstructive CAD (n=13) and reference controls (n=22) were evaluated using stress-rest cMRI to measure LV structure, function, tissue characteristics, and myocardial perfusion reserve index (MPRI). Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) was defined as MPRI <1.84. Serum samples were analyzed for inflammatory markers. Relationships between clinical and cMRI values of SLE subjects were assessed, and groups were compared. Results: 40% of SLE subjects had MPRI < 1.84 on cMRI. Compared to controls, SLE subjects had higher LV volumes and mass and lower LV systolic function. SLICC DI was related to worse cardiac function and higher T1. CRP was related to higher cardiac output and a trend to better systolic function, while ESR and fasting insulin were related to lower LV mass. Lower fasting insulin levels correlated with increased ECV. Conclusions: Among our female SLE cohort, 40% had CMD, and SLICC DI correlated with worse cardiac function and diffuse fibrosis. Higher inflammatory markers and low insulin levels may associate with LV dysfunction. Our findings underline the potential of non-invasive cMRI as a tool for monitoring cardiovascular function in SLE patients.
Self-reported health and health risky behaviour of Roma adolescents in Slovakia : a comparison with the non-Roma

The Roma make up one of the largest ethnic groups in all of Europe. The few studies that are available report health among the Roma as considerably worse than that of the majority population, and virtually nothing is known about the health status of Roma adolescents. The purpose of this study was to compare the self-reported health outcomes of Roma adolescents living in Roma settlements with adolescents from the majority population and to assess the impact of socioeconomic status on the results obtained. We conducted a survey among Roma adolescents (N=330, mean age=14.5) and non-Roma adolescents (N=722, mean age=14.9). We gathered data on sociodemographic position, self-rated health (using the SF-36), the occurrence of accidents and injuries during the past year, healthcare utilization during the past year, health complaints, mental health (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, SDQ) and social desirability (SDRS-5). Roma adolescents reported poorer self-rated health, more accidents and injuries during the past year and more frequent use of healthcare during the past year, though fewer health complaints. Furthermore, they reported more prosocial behaviour on the SDQ than non-Roma. No differences appeared in SDQ total difficulties. Socioeconomic status decreased the association of ethnicity with health outcomes. Adjustment for social desirability had a significant effect on the differences for all outcomes, except for accidents and injuries during the past year.
Phylogenetic Analysis and Lipoxygenase (LOX) Gene Family Variation in The Pistachio

Lipoxygenases (LOX) gene family is a type of nonheme iron-containing dioxygenases, which has a very important aspect in plant development and fruit quality. LOX gene, which is responsible for lipid oxidation, the main role for the biosynthesis pathway of unsaturated fatty acids. Although some studies have investigated the LOX gene family in several species including arabidopsis, soybean, peanut and apple, there is no information from Pistachio; and the phylogeny of this gene family in the Pistacia genus is still not determined. In this study, Arabidopsis thaliana LOX1 gene (NCBI Reference Sequence: NM_104376.3) was selected and used as a query sequence for performing a BLASTN search. Among all sequence query which was found by NCBI platform, 9 sequences were selected for further analysis. Phylogenetic tree of full-length LOX gene sequences from the Pistacia genus was constructed using the Maximum Likelihood method with MEGA software. By using phylogenic analysis, we identified variations in gene structure and revealed the phylogenetic evolutionary relationship of this gene family. Additionally, this may serve as a reference value for assessing the genetic relationships among various LOX genes in Pistacia genus species. This variations provides us the possibility the design the primer to achieve us to find the exact LOX gene in Pistacia genus and future research on the evolutionary history and transgenic research on LOX genes.
HSA-ZW800-PEG for Enhanced Optophysical Stability and Tumor Targeting

Small molecule fluorophores often face challenges such as short blood half-life, limited physicochemical and optical stability, and poor pharmacokinetics. To overcome these limitations, we conjugated the zwitterionic near-infrared fluorophore ZW800-PEG to human serum albumin (HSA), creating HSA-ZW800-PEG. This conjugation notably improves chemical, physical, and optical stability under physiological conditions, addressing issues commonly encountered with small molecules in biological applications. Additionally, the high molecular weight and extinction coefficient of HSA-ZW800-PEG enhances biodistribution and tumor targeting through the enhanced permeability and retention effect. The unique distribution and elimination dynamics, along with the significantly extended blood half-life of HSA-ZW800-PEG, contribute to improved tumor targetability in both subcutaneous and orthotopic xenograft tumor-bearing animal models. This modification not only influences the pharmacokinetic profile, affecting retention time and clearance patterns, but also enhances bioavailability for targeting tissues. Our study guides further development and optimization of targeted imaging agents and drug-delivery systems.
Monitoring, restoration and maintenance of aged trees in Summer and Mikhailovsky gardens of St. Petersburg

The image of the Summer Garden is inseparable from the image of St. Petersburg. It was survived together with the city of the period of formation, rapid flourishing, change of rulers, change, economic sys-tems, natural and military disasters. In June 2009, Russian Museum proceeded to largest restoration on the reconstruction of the memorial ensemble of the Summer garden. The article presents the results of in-spection condition of old-growth trees in Summer and Mikhailovsky Gardens and analyze inventory data from 1962 to 2014, the dynamics of change in the number of trees.
INVESTIGATING HIGHER EDUCATION COURSE LEADERSHIP PRACTICE – AN ARGUMENT FOR USING GROUNDED THEORY

The study of course leadership in higher education focusses on an understudied area of research, with a limited number of publications discussing the role of the course leader in higher education, and a distinct lack of research on how course leaders in higher education undertake their professional practice. This lack of a pre-existing theory points the researcher towards grounded theory to investigate and generate a new theory on course leaders’ experiences. Since leadership, and therefore course leadership, is an inherent complex social process, selection of grounded theory as a research methodology to explain how course leaders in higher education practice seems a logical choice. Grounded theory has been successfully used to investigate phenomena in education and in leadership practice in other disciplines. We therefore argue that grounded theory is an appropriate selection for research in education and higher education settings for areas of research where no theory currently exists. Moreover, grounded theories focussing on professional practice have been published in various contexts demonstrating that it is an appropriate method for investigating course leaders’ professional practice. Finally, this paper outlines some perceived weaknesses of using a grounded theory approach for researching course leadership, and offers means to navigate these.
Distribution of benthic invertebrates in a small stream

The distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates can be studied at different scales. At a mesohabitat scale the variation in a benthic community structure is influenced by four major processes: 1) physical factors, 2) patchy food supplies, 3) reproductive and age related effects, 4) biological interactions. Even in a small part of a stream we find habitats with different environmental conditions and therefore the distribution of organisms is not uniform but reflects the characteristics of the habitats. We studied spatial distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates within a 100m long reach of a Strahler's first order stream Hadůvka (Czech-Moravian Highlands, Czech Republic). Several mesohabitats were distinguished there: fine sediment, pure sandy bottom, sand covered with leaves, gravel bottom, gravel covered with leaves and cumulated woody debris - debris dams. From each mesohabitat all substratum was taken using Hess sampler (area 0.03 m2, 100mm mesh size) into the depth 5cm. In a laboratory organic and inorganic matter was separated using decantation and elutriation. Mineral substrate roughness and the amount of organic matter were evaluated. The importance of substrate characteristics to the macroinvertebrate community structure was evaluated using multivariate analysis and species preferences for particular substrate were assessed.
Meta-MultiSKAT: Multiple phenotype meta-analysis for region-based association test

The power of genetic association analyses can be increased by jointly meta-analyzing multiple correlated phenotypes. Here, we develop a meta-analysis framework, Meta-MultiSKAT, that uses summary statistics to test for association between multiple continuous phenotypes and variants in a region of interest. Our approach models the heterogeneity of effects between studies through a kernel matrix and performs a variance component test for association. Using a genotype kernel, our approach can test for rare-variants and the combined effects of both common and rare-variants. To achieve robust power, within Meta-MultiSKAT, we developed fast and accurate omnibus tests combining different models of genetic effects, functional genomic annotations, multiple correlated phenotypes and heterogeneity across studies. Additionally, Meta-MultiSKAT accommodates situations where studies do not share exactly the same set of phenotypes or have differing correlation patterns among the phenotypes. Simulation studies confirm that Meta-MultiSKAT can maintain type-I error rate at exome-wide level of 2.5×10−6. Further simulations under different models of association show that Meta-MultiSKAT can improve power of detection from 23% to 38% on average over single phenotype-based meta-analysis approaches. We demonstrate the utility and improved power of Meta-MultiSKAT in the meta-analyses of four white blood cell subtype traits from the Michigan Genomics Initiative (MGI) and SardiNIA studies.
Can Profitability Moderate the Impact of Green Investment, Corporate Social Responsibility, and Good Corporate Governance on Company Value on the SRI-KEHATI Index?

The Sri-Kehati Index shares, which offer shares of environmentally friendly companies, are of great interest to investors who care about the environment. This research aims to determine the determinant factors of company value in Sri-Kehati Index companies, with profitability as a moderating variable. The determinant factors used in modeling are green investment, corporate social responsibility, and good corporate governance. ROA proxied profitability, and company value is proxied by price book value. The research uses a quantitative approach with descriptive-verification methods. The research population is companies that are members of the Sri-Kehati Index 2016-2021; the sample is determined using a purposive sampling technique—data analysis techniques using panel data regression and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The research results show that partially green investment and good corporate governance have a positive effect, but corporate social responsibility does not affect company value. Profitability can moderate the relationship between good corporate governance and firm value. Besides that, green investment, corporate social responsibility, and good corporate governance simultaneously influence the company value of companies that are members of the Sri-Kehati Index stock group. The results of this research can be a basis for consideration by investors who care about the environment in investment decisions and can be a reference for further research. It is hoped that the results of this research will encourage many companies to implement green investments to help overcome environmental problems.
Response of fine particulate matter to reductions in anthropogenic emissions in Beijing during the 2014 Asia–Pacific Economic Cooperation summit

Abstract The nested-grid capability of the global chemical transport model GEOS-Chem, with a horizontal resolution of 1/4° × 5/16° (latitude × longitude), was used to identify the chemical species whose reductions made the largest contributions to decreases in PM2.5 concentrations (fine particulate matter; diameter ≤ 2.5 μm; defined in this study as the sum of sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, black carbon, and organic carbon aerosols) in Beijing during the 2014 Asia–Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) summit. A number of numerical experiments were carried out for the period 15 October–29 November 2014. The model reproduced the observed daily variations of concentrations of PM2.5 and gas-phase species (carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide). Simulated PM2.5 concentrations decreased by 55.9%–58.5% during the APEC period, compared to other periods in October and November 2014, which agreed closely with measurements. Sensitivity results showed that emissions control measures regarding nitrogen oxides and organic carbon over North China led to the largest reductions in PM2.5 concentrations in Beijing during the APEC summit, which led to overall reductions in the PM2.5 concentration of Beijing by 5.7% and 4.6%, respectively. The control of ammonia emissions was found to be able to greatly reduce PM2.5 concentrations in the whole of North China during the APEC meeting.
Stable and strontium isotopic profiles through hydrothermally altered upper oceanic crust, Hole 504B

Leg 148 penetrated 111m farther into Hole 504B, to a total depth of 2111 meters below seafloor (mbsf), and recovered diabase dikes similar to the immediately overlying rocks. Secondary mineralogy and whole-rock oxygen and strontium isotopic compositions were determined for samples from Leg 148. In addition, strontium isotopic analyses were performed on previously recovered samples of the lower dikes (1550-2000 mbsf). Trends observed in the lower dikes (1550-2000 mbsf) continue in the Leg 148 section (2000-2111 mbsf). These include the local presence of magnesiohornblende and secondary calcic plagioclase and high Ti contents of amphiboles. Cu, Zn, and S contents of the more altered rocks are low, and whole-rock δ 1 8 θ values of 33%350°C) and greater extents of recrystallization than in the upper dikes. All of the data for the new Leg 148 section are consistent with the rocks being a continuation of a subsurface reaction zone, where metals and sulfur are leached from the crust by hydrothermal fluids and transported to form metal sulfide mineralizations on or within the crust or vent into seawater. Sr contents of the lower sheeted dikes (1550-2111 mbsf) are generally 48-62 ppm, and whole-rock Sr/Sr ratios range from 0.70265 to 0.70304, only slightly elevated relative to fresh MORB values. The rocks were altered by seawater-derived hydrothermal fluids, with little change in the Sr concentrations of the rocks. Although amphibole is the most abundant secondary phase, the Sr isotopic composition of the rocks is probably dominated by the abundance of secondary plagioclase. The Sr/ Sr ratios of hydrothermal fluids were higher than measured in variably recrystallized (10%-80%) whole rocks. The seawater component of hydrothermal fluids increased through time, as documented by Sr/Sr ratios of 0.7028-0.7034 for amphibole and chlorite, to 0.7035-0.7038 for vein epidotes. The latter values record the composition of upwelling black smoker-type endmember hydrothermal fluids at Site 504. The low Sr/Sr ratios for the lower dikes differ from the uniformly high ratios of the thoroughly recrystallized sheeted dikes from the Troodos ophiolite. The oceanic dikes interacted with much smaller volumes of seawater than the ophiolitic rocks and apparently to a lesser extent. These differences are in some way related to the contrasting tectonic setting, mineralogy, and chemical composition of ophiolites compared to in situ ocean crust.
Increasing discharge from the Mackenzie River system to the Arctic Ocean

The Mackenzie River, Canada's longest and largest river system, provides the greatest Western Hemisphere discharge to the Arctic Ocean. Recent reports of declining flows have prompted concern because (1) this influences Arctic Ocean salinity, stratification and polar ice; (2) a major tributary, the Peace River, has large hydroelectric projects, and further dams are proposed; and (3) the system includes the extensive and biodiverse Peace–Athabasca, Slave and Mackenzie deltas. To assess hydrological trends over the past century that could reflect climate change, we analysed historic patterns of river discharges. We expanded the data series by infilling for short gaps, calculating annual discharges from early summer‐only records (typical r2 > 0.9), coordinating data from sequential hydrometric gauges (requiring r2 > 0.8) and advancing the data to 2013. For trend detection, Pearson correlation provided similar outcomes to non‐parametric Kendall's τ and Spearman's ρ tests. There was no overall pattern for annual flows of the most southerly Athabasca River (1913–2013), while the adjacent, regulated Peace River displayed increasing flows (1916–2013, p < 0.05). These rivers combine to form the Slave River, which did not display an overall trend (1917–2013). The more northerly, free‐flowing Liard River is the largest tributary and displayed increasing annual flows (1944–2013, p < 0.01, ~3.5% per decade) because of increasing winter, spring, and summer flows, and annual maximum and minimum flows also increased. Following from the tributary contributions, the Mackenzie River flows gradually increased (Fort Simpson 1939–2013, p < 0.05, ~1.5% per decade), but the interannual patterns for the Liard and other rivers were correlated with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, complicating the pattern. This conclusion of increasing river flows to the Arctic Ocean contrasts with some prior reports, based on shorter time series. The observed flow increase is consistent with increasing discharges of the large Eurasian Arctic drainages, suggesting a common northern response to climate change. Analyses of historic trends are strengthened with lengthening records, and with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation influence, we recommend century‐long records for northern rivers. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Patients diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which encompasses Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, experience chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Those with IBD face a higher risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE) compared to individuals without IBD. This escalated risk is associated with various factors, some modifiable and others non-modifiable, with disease activity being the primary concern. Interestingly, Janus Kinase inhibitors approved for the treatment of IBD may be associated with an increased risk of VTE but only in patients that have other underlying risk factors leading to an overall increased VTE risk. Several recognized medical societies have recommended the use of VTE prophylaxis for hospitalized individuals with IBD. The association between VTE and IBD and the need for pharmacologic prophylaxis remains under-recognized. Increased awareness of this complication can hopefully protect patients from a potentially deadly complication.