Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Kilauea East Rift Zone Magmatism: an Episode 54 Perspective

On January 29±30, 1997, prolonged steady-state effusion of lava from Pu'u'O'o was briefly disrupted by shallow extension beneath Napau Crater, 1±4 km uprift of the active Kilauea vent. A 23-h-long eruption (episode 54) ensued from fissures that were overlapping or en echelon with eruptive fissures formed during episode 1 in 1983 and those of earlier rift zone eruptions in 1963 and 1968. Combined geophysical and petrologic data for the 1994±1999 eruptive interval, including episode 54, reveal a variety of shallow magmatic conditions that persist in association with prolonged rift zone eruption. Near-vent lava samples document a significant range in composition, temperature and crystallinity of pre-eruptive magma. As supported by phenocryst±liquid relations and Kilauea mineral thermometers established herein, the rift zone extension that led to episode 54 resulted in mixture of near-cotectic magma with discrete magma bodies cooled to 1100 C. Mixing models indicate that magmas isolated beneath Napau Crater since 1963 and 1968 constituted 32±65% of the hybrid mixtures erupted during episode 54. Geophysical measurements support passive displacement of open-system magma along the active east rift conduit into closed-system rift-reservoirs along a shallow zone of extension. Geophysical and petrologic data for early episode 55 document the gradual flushing of episode 54 related magma during magmatic recharge of the edifice.
Using Hour Risks a Chill Unit/Growing Degree Model to Assess Spring Freeze for 'Redhaven' Peach Trees

Peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) production in Tennessee has declined since 1985 due to the occurrence of freezing temperatures that kill the buds, usually in the spring. Analyses of long-term (1951-89) daily temperature data from four lo- cations in Tennessee were used to evaluate the freeze risks for 'Redhaven' peach tree buds at those sites. A model using daily accumulated chill units and growing degree hours (base 4.4C air temperature) was used to estimate the dates to begin and end chill unit accumulations and the dates of full bloom of 'Redhaven' peach trees for each year in the climatological record. The actual dates of freezes with air temperatures at or below -2.2C and the estimated bud developmental stage on the date of each freeze also were determined. The model was tested using peach orchard records and was found to be an improvement over using only freeze data. The model indicated that Spring Hill had the highest risk for peach production and Jackson the lowest. Recent problems with spring freezes at Knoxville and Spring Hill were due to later than normal freeze dates rather than earlier development of the 'Redhaven' peach tree buds. At Springfield, the recent freeze problems were due to earlier breaking of rest, earlier full bloom, and later freezes. A growing concern has emerged about
Stimulating Unconventional Reservoirs: Maximizing Network Growth While Optimizing Fracture Conductivity

A significant portion of gas production in North America comes from unconventional reservoirs such as gas shales, coalbed methane (CBM) deposits and tight gas sands. Due to their limited permeability, stimulation processes are needed for economic recovery from wells drilled into these formations. This paper described some of the technology-based solutions that have been used to successfully exploit these reservoirs, such as horizontal drilling, multi-stage completions, innovative fracturing, and fracture mapping. Economic production depends on the matrix permeability of these reservoirs as well as the conductivity that can be generated in hydraulic fractures and network fracture systems. Simulations have shown that a fracture network of moderate conductivity is needed in ultra-low shale permeabilities. The spacing between fractures must be small to obtain reasonable recovery factors. Such networks are achievable according to results of microseismic mapping. In contrast, tight gas sands may be successfully depleted without inducing complex fracture networks because they have orders of magnitude greater permeability than gas shales. However, the recovery in tight gas sands is complicated by other issues of damage and zonal coverage in these reservoirs. It was concluded that fracture mapping can help improve the understanding of fractures and improve the ability to change the fracture complexity through operational changes to the well design and treatment implementation. 47 refs., 15 figs.
THE APPLICATION OF PARTICIPATIVE BUDGETING AS A TOOL FOR IMPROVING JOB PERFORMANCE IN AN INSTITUTION OF HIGHER LEARNING

The study investigated the effect of involving employees on budgeting participation on the job performance levels of those employees in an institution of higher learning in Namibia A qualitative research approach was adopted using structured questionnaire using a cross sectional design where a sample of 54 employees from three different cadres of staff were sampled using a stratified non-probability sampling technique. The data was analysed descriptively using SSPS software and the findings of the study provided evidence that there is a significant positive correlation between the level of budget participation and performance of employees. Therefore, the findings would suggest to organisations to adopt measures and practises that increases employees budget participation as this would have a positive increase on their level of job performance.
Multiple Sclerosis in the Digital Health Age: Challenges and Opportunities - A Systematic Review

In recent times, we have unequivocally witnessed a push towards digitising the healthcare system. Topics such as remote patient monitoring (RPM), digital health, and their use to monitor neurological disease progression have gained momentum and popularity. Notwithstanding the considerable advances that have been made in adopting such technologies and using them in the context of mental health or even a few neurodegenerative disease monitoring, they have not been widely used in the context of remote management and treatment of multiple sclerosis MS. In the same vein, given that (MS) is a very individualized disease to manage, there are numerous challenges yet opportunities associated with using digital health technologies for remote MS monitoring. This paper reviews the different research work and clinical attempts performed over the last decade (both home & hospital-based monitoring) en route to using digital health for MS monitoring and management. Similarly, this systematic review discusses the main challenges and barriers to translating that research from clinics into homes and highlights the opportunities in that context. Throughout this extensive review, we shine a light on various monitoring methods that hold the potential to be measured in a home environment, including electroencephalography (EEG) and evoked potentials (e.g., motor evoked potential (MEP), somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP), and visual evoked potential (VEP)), electromyography (EMG), inertial measurement unit (IMU), and speech analysis. Combining such digital biomarkers could pave the way for developing a more personalised treatment for MS patients, thereby stopping its progression and avoiding silent MS disability. Adopting digital health for remote monitoring and management could also chart a route ahead for a new era of personalised medicine for MS patients and potentially other brain disorder patients.
Sex-stratified phenotyping of comorbidities associated with an inpatient delirium diagnosis using real world data

Delirium is a heterogeneous and detrimental mental condition often seen in older, hospitalized patients and is currently hard to predict. In this study, we leverage large-scale, real-world data using the electronic health records (EHR) to identify two cohorts comprised of 7,492 UCSF patients and 19,417 UC health system patients (excluding UCSF patients) with an inpatient delirium diagnosis and the same number of propensity score-matched control patients without delirium. We found significant associations between comorbidities or laboratory test values and an inpatient delirium diagnosis which were validated independently. Most of these associations were those previously-identified as risk factors for delirium, including metabolic abnormalities, mental health diagnoses, and infections. Some of the associations were sex-specific, including those related to dementia subtypes and infections. We further explored the diagnostic associations with anemia and bipolar disorder by conducting longitudinal analyses from the time of first diagnosis of the risk factor to development of delirium demonstrating a significant relationship across time. Finally, we show that an inpatient delirium diagnosis leads to dramatic increases in mortality outcome across both cohorts. These results demonstrate the powerful application of leveraging EHR data to shed insights into prior diagnoses and laboratory test values that could help predict development of inpatient delirium and emphasize the importance of considering patient demographic characteristics including documented sex when making these assessments.
Study on the Ecological Mechanism of Urban Morphology based on Urban Metabolism

Urban metabolism and urban morphology have become a bilateral entry point to solve the disorders of urban ecosystem. By analyzing the concepts of urban metabolism and urban morphology, a symbiotic relationship is defined within the urban ecosystem: urban metabolism is the inner core of the urban ecosystem, and urban morphology is the external manifestations of the urban ecosystem. Therefore, basing on the attribute linkage between urban metabolism and urban morphology, the research intends to propose a research framework of the urban morphology from the construction of conceptual model, the deduction of analytical methods and the generation of spatial forms for the ecological mechanism in order to provide guidance for the future eco-city design.
An Analysis of Written and Numeric Scores in End-of-Rotation Forms from Three Residency Programs

Introduction: End-of-Rotation Forms (EORFs) assess resident progress in graduate medical education and are a major component of Clinical Competency Committee (CCC) discussion. Single-institution studies suggest EORFs can detect deficiencies, but both grades and comments skew positive. In this study, we sought to determine whether the EORFs from three programs, including multiple specialties and institutions, produced useful information for residents, program directors, and CCCs. Methods: Evaluations from three programs were included (Program 1, Institution A, Internal Medicine: n = 38; Program 2, Institution A, Anesthesia: n = 9; Program 3, Institution B, Anesthesia: n = 11). Two independent researchers coded each written comment for relevance (specificity and actionability) and orientation (praise or critical) using a standardized rubric. Numeric scores were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: 4869 evaluations were collected from the programs. Of the 77,434 discrete numeric scores, 691 (0.89%) were considered “below expected level. ” 71.2% (2683/3767) of the total written comments were scored as irrelevant, while 3217 (85.4%) of total comments were scored positive and 550 (14.6%) were critical. When combined, 63.2% (n = 2379) of comments were scored positive and irrelevant while 6.5% (n = 246) were scored critical and relevant. Discussion: <1% of comments indicated below average performance; >70% of comments scored irrelevant. Critical, relevant comments were least frequently observed, consistent across all 3 programs. The low rate of constructive feedback and the high rate of irrelevant comments are inadequate for a CCC to make informed decisions. The consistency of these findings across programs, specialties, and institutions suggests both local and systemic changes should be considered.
Exploring fraity and sarcopenia in older adults admitted to acute medical unit, looking at prevalence, trajectory, and outcomes: A protocol testing the feasibility and acceptability of the TYSON study

Background Frailty and sarcopenia are common in older people and are associated with adverse outcomes including increased mortality and morbidity. It is unclear whether screening for frailty and sarcopenia would identify specific populations most at risk of poor outcomes during unplanned hospital admissions, which screening tools should be used and what the trajectory of both conditions are over the course of an admission. The TYSON study is an observational cohort study aiming to determine the prevalence, trajectory and outcomes associated with frailty and sarcopenia in different patient cohorts. This protocol tests the feasibility and acceptability of TYSON processes. Objectives To determine in acutely admitted medical patients who are older adults: Primary: The feasibility and acceptability of frailty and sarcopenia assessments; Secondary: (1) Differences in community and hospital frailty assessments, as assessed by the medical team, the patient and elderly care physicians, (2) The dynamic changes in frailty and sarcopenia during a hospital admission, and patient outcomes; Exploratory: Inflammatory and metabolic mediators associated with frailty and sarcopenia. Methods A single centre, prospective observational study including patients aged ≥ 65 years admitted to an acute medical unit. Frailty assessments include the Rockwood clinical frailty and e-frailty index. Sarcopenia assessments include the Bilateral Anterior Thigh Thickness (BATT) measurement. Each participant will be asked to complete 5 visits, at day 0, day 3, day 7, month 3 and month 6. Blood samples will be collected to explore inflammatory and metabolic markers associated with frailty and sarcopenia. The study and protocol have been ethically approved by the Health Research Authority (REC 20/WA/0263). Discussion The study will determine the feasibility and acceptability of frailty and sarcopenia assessments in an acute hospital setting, and inform on the prevalence, trajectory and associated outcomes of frailty and sarcopenia in this group of patients. An inflammatory and metabolic profile will be explored in frailty and sarcopenia.
Dealing With Discrimination in Physical Health Care Services: Strategies of People With Mental Health and Substance Use Conditions

Discrimination against people with mental health and substance use conditions (MHSUC) by health professionals contributes to the poor physical health outcomes this group experiences. We surveyed people with MHSUC in Aotearoa New Zealand to explore how they experienced and responded to discrimination from physical health services. Participants identified 6 strategies used to avoid or minimize the impact of discrimination. Avoidance strategies included not seeking help, not disclosing MHSUC diagnoses and changing or seeking out health professionals who did not behave in discriminatory ways. Minimizing strategies were being a “model patient,” taking a support person to consultations or advocating for what they needed, even in the face of discrimination. Physical health services must focus on providing non-discriminatory care to reduce the need for compensatory strategies and improve care of physical illness for people with MHSUC.
A Health App for Post-Pandemic Years (HAPPY) for people with physiological and psychosocial distress during the post-pandemic era: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Objective This article describes a protocol for a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effects of a three-level Health App for Post-Pandemic Years (HAPPY) on alleviating post-pandemic physiological and psychosocial distress. Methods Convenience and snowball sampling methods will be used to recruit 814 people aged 18+ with physiological and/or psychosocial distress. The experimental group will receive a 24-week intervention consisting of an 8-week regular supervision phase and a 16-week self-help phase. Based on their assessment results, they will be assigned to receive interventions on mindfulness, energy conservation techniques, or physical activity training. The waitlist control group will receive the same intervention in Week 25. The primary outcome will be changes in psychosocial distress, measured using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10). Secondary outcomes will include changes in levels of fatigue (Chinese version of the Brief Fatigue Inventory), sleep quality (Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), pain intensity (Numeric Rating Scale), positive appraisal (Short version of the 18-item Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire), self-efficacy (Chinese version of the General Self-efficacy Scale), depression and anxiety (Chinese version of the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale), and event impact (Chinese version of the 22-item Impact of Event Scale–Revised). All measures will be administered at baseline (T0), Week 8 after the supervision phase (T1), and 24 weeks post-intervention (T2). A generalized estimating equations model will be used to examine the group, time, and interaction (Time × Group) effect of the interventions on the outcome assessments (intention-to-treat analysis) across the three time points, and to compute a within-group comparison of objective physiological parameters and adherence to the assigned interventions in the experimental group. Conclusions The innovative, three-level mobile HAPPY app will promote beneficial behavioral strategies to alleviate post-pandemic physiological and psychosocial distress. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05459896. Registered on 15 July 2022.
Social Media Insights Into US Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Longitudinal Analysis of Twitter Data

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic led to unprecedented mitigation efforts that disrupted the daily lives of millions Beyond the general health repercussions of the pandemic itself, these measures also present a challenge to the world's mental health and health care systems Considering that traditional survey methods are time-consuming and expensive, we need timely and proactive data sources to respond to the rapidly evolving effects of health policy on our population's mental health Many people in the United States now use social media platforms such as Twitter to express the most minute details of their daily lives and social relations This behavior is expected to increase during the COVID-19 pandemic, rendering social media data a rich field to understand personal well-being OBJECTIVE: This study aims to answer three research questions: (1) What themes emerge from a corpus of US tweets about COVID-19? (2) To what extent did social media use increase during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic? and (3) Does sentiment change in response to the COVID-19 pandemic? METHODS: We analyzed 86,581,237 public domain English language US tweets collected from an open-access public repository in three steps First, we characterized the evolution of hashtags over time using latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) topic modeling Second, we increased the granularity of this analysis by downloading Twitter timelines of a large cohort of individuals (n=354,738) in 20 major US cities to assess changes in social media use Finally, using this timeline data, we examined collective shifts in public mood in relation to evolving pandemic news cycles by analyzing the average daily sentiment of all timeline tweets with the Valence Aware Dictionary and Sentiment Reasoner (VADER) tool RESULTS: LDA topics generated in the early months of the data set corresponded to major COVID-19-specific events However, as state and municipal governments began issuing stay-at-home orders, latent themes shifted toward US-related lifestyle changes rather than global pandemic-related events Social media volume also increased significantly, peaking during stay-at-home mandates Finally, VADER sentiment analysis scores of user timelines were initially high and stable but decreased significantly, and continuously, by late March CONCLUSIONS: Our findings underscore the negative effects of the pandemic on overall population sentiment Increased use rates suggest that, for some, social media may be a coping mechanism to combat feelings of isolation related to long-term social distancing However, in light of the documented negative effect of heavy social media use on mental health, social media may further exacerbate negative feelings in the long-term for many individuals Thus, considering the overburdened US mental health care structure, these findings have important implications for ongoing mitigation efforts
Inframammary versus Periareolar Incision: A Comparison of Early Complications in Nipple-sparing Mastectomy

Background: Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM), either used therapeutically or prophylactically, may yield more complications than conventional mastectomy. The incision may affect aesthetic outcome and complication rates, with periareolar incisions being associated with nipple–areolar complex (NAC) necrosis. Methods: Early complications were compared between NSM performed in 2015–2022 using inframammary fold (IMF) or periareolar incisions. Results: Overall, 180 procedures in 152 patients (bilateral NSM = 28) were included (IMF = 104; periareolar = 76). Mean age (47 versus 43.9 years; P < 0.038), mastectomy weight (312.7 versus 246.8 grams; P < 0.001), implant volume (447.5 versus 409.0 mL; P = 0.002), and use of tissue expanders (68.4% versus 50.0%; P = 0.013) were all greater with periareolar incisions. Prepectoral reconstruction was more common with IMF (18.3% versus 3.9%; P = 0.004). Forty-three complications (23.9%) were recorded (periareolar n = 27, 35%; IMF n = 16, 15.3%; P = 0.0002). NAC necrosis accounted for 17 complications (22.4%) in the periareolar group versus nine (8.5%) in the IMF group (P = 0.002). Necrosis was predominantly moderate (n = 6, 8.3% versus n = 1, 1.0%, respectively) (P = 0.014). Unadjusted odds ratios (OR) for complications [3.05; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.27–7.26] and necrosis (3.04; 95% CI: 1.27–7.27) were higher in the periareolar group. In the multivariate analysis, necrosis was associated with periareolar incisions [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.92; 95% CI: 1.14–7.44]. Prepectoral reconstruction was associated with IMF incisions (aOR: 25.51; 95% CI: 3.53–184.23; P = 0.001) and with body mass index of more than 25–30 (aOR: 37.09; 95% CI: 5.95–231.10; P < 0.001). Therapeutic mastectomies (aOR: 68.56; 95% CI: 2.50–188.36; P = 0.012) and tissue expanders (aOR: 18.36; 95% CI: 1.89–178.44; P = 0.026) were associated with seromas. Conclusions: Both incisions are viable options; however, the risk of NAC necrosis increased with the periareolar approach. Further research is required.
What is conservation physiology ? Perspectives on an increasingly integrated and essential science †

© The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Society for Experimental Biology. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), which permits unrestricted distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Volume 1 • 2013 10.1093/conphy/cot001