Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biophysics and population size constrains speciation in an evolutionary model of developmental system drift

Developmental system drift is a likely mechanism for the origin of hybrid incompatibilities between closely related species. We examine here the detailed mechanistic basis of hybrid incompatibilities for a genotype-phenotype map for developmental system drift under stabilising selection, where the organismal phenotype is conserved, but the underlying molecular phenotypes and genotype can drift. This leads to number of emergent phenomenon not obtainable by modelling genotype or phenotype alone. Our results show that: 1) speciation is more rapid at smaller population sizes with a characteristic, Orr-like, power law, but at large population sizes slow, characterised by a sub-diffusive growth law; 2) the molecular phenotypes under weakest selection contribute to the earliest incompatibilities; and 3) pairwise incompatibilities dominate over higher order, contrary to previous predictions that the latter should dominate. Our results indicate that biophysics and population size provide a much stronger constraint to speciation than suggested by previous models.
Exit of human cutaneous resident memory CD4 T cells that enter the circulation and seed distant skin sites

Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) persist locally in non-lymphoid tissues, providing front-line defense against recurring insults. However, strict tissue compartmentalization of memory may pose certain disadvantages for a large barrier organ like the skin, and the long-term migratory behaviour of human TRM and their contribution to the memory pool have not been fully elucidated. TRM at barrier surfaces are defined in part by expression of the markers CD103 and/or CD69 which function to retain TRM in epithelial tissues. Here, we found that CD4+CD69+CD103+ TRM in human skin can downregulate CD69, exit the tissue and be identified as a phenotypically unique population in the circulation of healthy individuals. These circulating TRM produce the cytokines IL-22 and IL-13, and express genes consistent with a role in host-defense and tissue-repair responses. RNA‐ and TCR-sequencing demonstrated that CD103+ TRM in the blood are transcriptionally and clonally related to CD69+CD103+ TRM in the skin. Furthermore, using a skin xenograft model, we confirmed that human cutaneous CD103+ TRM can exit the skin, enter the circulation, and recirculate to secondary human skin sites where they re-assume a TRM phenotype. Thus, although as a population CD4+ TRM in the skin are largely sessile, recirculation of cutaneous CD4+CD103+ TRM does occur in the steady state in humans, and these recirculating (rc)TRM cells can promote the spread of this functionally specialized T cell population throughout the skin. One Sentence Summary: Functionally specialized human CD4+ cutaneous resident memory T cells have the ability to exit the skin, are found in the circulation of healthy subjects, and can seed distant skin sites.
Schistosoma: biology, pathology and control

Apart from malaria, schistosomiasis is the most prevalent parasitic infection in the world. It affects more than 200 million people in 76 tropical and subtropical countries, causing great suffering and resulting in thousands of deaths. Written by world authorities, this book examines many aspects of the biology, pathology, and control of the schistosoma parasite. Ranging in topic from infection in Pharaonic Egypt, through DNA relationships and biological systems, to advances in development of vaccines against the parasite, this book is a comprehensive text written for researchers and medical professionals alike.
Lower estimates of the dimension of schemes of bounded depth in the basis

In the last few years, significant progress has been achieved in establishing lower estimates of the dimension of functional schemes, with various restrictions, for calculating natural functions. In the papers [1 ] [4J schemes of bounded depth in the basis {&, V } a r e considered and superpolynomial lower estimates are proved for calculating various functions. The greatest attention has been given to such simple functions as addition mod 2 and the polling function, for which exponential lower estimates have been established for the complexity of the realization by schemes of bounded depth in the basis {&. , V }. In this note we strengthen some of these results: we prove that if addition mod 2 is assumed to be the basic operation, then the complexity of the realization of the polling function even by stronger computation methods is still bounded below by an exponential. Thus, the polling function is of a more complex construction, in the above sense, than that of addition mod 2; in particular, this article confirms the conjecture ~| (majority ^ c p parity) in [1] (in which this definition can be
Direct Observation of High-Temperature Superconductivity in One-Unit-Cell FeSe Films

We prepared one-unit-cell (1-UC) thick FeSe films on insulating SrTiO3 substrates with non-superconducting FeTe protection layers by molecular beam epitaxy for ex situ studies. By direct transport and magnetic measurements, we provide definitive evidence for high temperature superconductivity in the 1-UC FeSe films with an onset TC above 40 K and an extremely large critical current density JC∼1.7×106 A/cm2 at 2 K, which are much higher than TC∼8 K and JC∼104 A/cm2 for bulk FeSe, respectively. Our work may pave the way to enhancing and tailoring superconductivity by interface engineering.
The complex Ginzburg - Landau equation on large and unbounded domains: sharper bounds and attractors

Using weighted -norms we derive new bounds on the long-time behaviour of the solutions improving on the known results of the polynomial growth with respect to the instability parameter. These estimates are valid for quite arbitrary, possibly unbounded domains. We establish precise estimates on the maximal influence of the boundaries on the dynamics in the interior. For instance, the attractor for the domain with periodic boundary conditions is upper semicontinuous to .
Spectroscopic observations of photon emissions in n-MOSFETs in the saturation region

Direct spectrally resolved observations were made of the photon emissions n-channel MOSFETs biased in the saturation region. It was found that the total photon emission intensity measured in the range 1.45 - 2.75 eV is proportional to the substrate current and the correlation is independent of the bias condition, channel current and channel length. However, it was also found that the relationship between emission intensity at the low end of the range of energies varied with whereas the emission intensity at the high end of the energy range varied with . From these observations, it was concluded that Bremsstrahlung radiation of hot electrons in the Coulombic field is unlikely to be the dominant mechanism of photon emission in n-channel MOSFETs.
Reduced order methods for full wave ICRF calculations in tokamaks

Reduced order methods have been used extensively to eliminate ion Bernstein waves (IBWs) from full wave calculations in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF). These reduced order methods replace higher order derivatives in the finite Larmor radius (FLR) expansion of the plasma current with algebraic terms depending on the local perpendicular wavenumber k⊥ determined from the fourth order plasma dispersion relation. However, the dispersion relation determines only the magnitude of k⊥, not the direction. If k⊥ is assumed to be perpendicular to the flux surface, energy conservation is violated near the magnetic axis. One method of dealing with this problem is to solve algebraically for the parallel electric field E||, in which case the direction of k⊥ drops out of the problem completely. Another method, which allows for the complete differential solution of E||, assumes a direction for k⊥. Both methods are limited by assumptions. A better approach is to apply the reduced order algorithm to the ion FLR current alone, while treating the electron current differentially. Since the direction of k⊥ enters only through electron terms, this method resolves the ambiguity in the direction of k⊥ while still suppressing the IBW, which originates in the ion current. Comparison with the simpler models suggests that it is necessary to include the differential electron current for an accurate description of direct electron heating and fast wave current drive near the ion second harmonic.
Reversing the weak measurement on a qubit

We propose a protocol for the reversal of a weak measurement on a qubit and discuss a possible experimental scheme for the state protection in a cavity QED system. Unlike previous methods for the reversal of weak measurement, the proposed scheme does not require another weak measurement in the reversal process and therefore can be accomplished in a small time. The present scheme is based on repeated applications of Hadamard and CNOT gates.
Risco de adoecimento por exposição às águas do Rio Doce: um estudo sobre a percepção da população de Tumiritinga, Minas Gerais, Brasil

A forte relacao das pessoas com o Rio Doce, bem como suas enchentes regulares, representam fator continuo de exposicao ao risco de doencas hidricas. Dada sua relevância epidemiologica, este estudo analisa a associacao entre percepcao de contaminacao e uso do rio, bem como os mecanismos heuristicos empregados na formacao da percepcao de risco. Utilizou-se um modelo probit ordenado com variavel instrumental e analise de redes tematicas aplicados a uma base de dados primaria de 352 domicilios, representativa dos moradores de Tumiritinga, Minas Gerais, Brasil, para o ano de 2012. Os resultados indicam que embora a maioria (92,6%) dos moradores de Tumiritinga perceba o risco de contrair algum tipo de doenca quando nada no Rio Doce, somente 11,4% informam nao entrar na agua. A analise de conteudo sugere que esse paradoxo advem da falta de compreensao populacional sobre os mecanismos de transmissao de doencas hidricas, criando vies otimista sobre as chances de contaminacao. Campanhas para promocao de comportamento preventivo devem, portanto, enfatizar as formas de contrair doencas hidricas na regiao.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF ROUTING PROTOCOLS FOR QOS SUPPORT IN RURAL MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS

We evaluate several routing protocols, and show that the use of bandwidth and delay estimation can provide throughput and delay guarantees in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs). This thesis describes modifications to the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol to implement the Quality Aware Source Routing (QASR) network routing protocol operating on an 802.11e link layer. QASR network nodes exchange node location and flow reservation data periodically to provide information necessary to model and estimate both the available bandwidth and the end-to-end delay of available routes during route discovery. Bandwidth reservation is used to provide end-to-end Quality of Service, while also utilizing the differentiated Quality of Service provided by the 802.11e link layer. We show that QASR performs significantly better in several performance metrics over the DSR and the Ad-Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) protocols, and performs more consistently in all quality metrics when traffic demand exceeds network capacity.
Control Chaos in Hindmarsh—Rose Neuron by Using Intermittent Feedback with One Variable

The mechanism of the famous phase compression is discussed, and it is used to control the chaos in the Hindmarsh-Rose (H-R) model. It is numerically confirmed that the phase compression scheme can be understood as one kind of intermittent feedback scheme, which requires appropriate thresholds and feedback coefficient, and the intermittent feedback can be realized with the Heaviside function. In the case of control chaos, the output variable (usually the voltage or the membrane potential of the neuron) is sampled and compared with the external standard signal of the electric electrode. The error between the sampled variable and the external standard signal of the electrode is input into the system only when the sampled variable surpasses the selected thresholds. The numerical simulation results confirm that the chaotic H-R system can be controlled to reach arbitrary n-periodical (n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,…) orbit or stable state even when just one variable is feed backed into the system intermittently. The chaotic Chua circuit is also investigated to check its model independence and effectiveness of the schemes and the equivalence of the two schemes are confirmed again.
High‐isolation multiway power dividing/combining network implemented by broadside‐coupling SIW directional couplers

One kind of novel microwave planar power dividing/combining network based on substrate‐integrated waveguide (SIW) directional couplers is proposed and investigated. The design strategies of the broadside‐coupling SIW directional coupler are introduced, the series connection of several directional couplers with different coupling ratio then result in a multiway power dividing/combining network. One three‐way power dividing/combining network is designed and fabricated to demonstrate the validity of the proposed work, high isolation among the ports is observed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2009.
Hipertensión pulmonar como complicación de artritis reumatoidea seronegativa

Nosotros reportamos una paciente Afro~Americana de 76 anos con Artritis reumatoidea seronegativa que se presento con Cor pulmonale. Una evaluacion exhaustiva que incluyo tomografia axial computarizada de alta resolucion del torax, gammagrafia de ventilacion~ perfusion y ecocardiografia no revelaron ninguna etiologia cardiaca o pulmonar. El cateterismo car~ diaco derecho revelo una presion arterial pulmonar de 84/40 mm Hg. Basados en estos hallazgos, concluimos que el cuadro clinico de esta paciente fue secundario a su Artritis reumatoidea seronegativa y en base de nuestra revision de la literatura este es el primer reporte de un caso de Cor pulmonale e hipertension pulmonar secundario a Artritis reumatoidea seronegativa. SUMMARY We report a 7 6 African~American female with seronegative Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) that presented Cor Pulmonale. Extensive work up that included high resolution CT scan of the chest, V/O scan and echocardiography failed to reveal any cardiac or pulmonary etiology. Right cardiac catheterization showed a pulmonary artery pressure of 84/ 40 mm Hg. We concluded that her clinical picture was secondary to seronegative Rheumatoid Arthritis and in the best of our knowledge, this is the first case reported in the literature of seronegative RA causing Cor Pulmonale and pulmonary hypertension.
Correlación mamográfica e histológica de lesiones mamarias no palpables biopsia por estereotaxia

PROPOSITO: Correlacionar las lesiones mamograficas no palpables clasificadas por categorias con los resultados histologicos de la biopsia estereotaxica. MATERIALES Y METODOS: Se realizaron 402 biopsias estereotaxicas en 374 pacientes, y su resultado histologico se correlaciono con la clasificacion por categorias , determinando su valor predictivo positivo (V.P.P.) para malignidad de cada una de ellas. RESULTADOS: Se diagnosticaron 37 carcinomas. El V.P.P. fue de 73.33%, 13.68% y 5.55% para las categorias 5 , 4 y 3 , respectivamente. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados obtenidos son similares a los descritos en la literatura en cuanto al V.P.P. de la clasificacion por categorias, confirma su utilidad y soporta por tanto la conducta del analisis histologico de todas las lesiones categoria 4 y 5 por su asociacion con malignidad, y seguimiento a las pacientes con lesiones categoria 3 por su bajo V.P.P. PALABRAS CLAVES: Biopsia estereotaxica de la mama, lesiones no palpables, clasificacion por categorias , cancer mamario. SUMMARY PURPOSE: Correlate nonpalpable mammographic lesions classified by categories with histologic results of the stereotaxic core biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 402 stereotaxic breast core biopsies were obtained from 375 patients and histologic results was correlated with the mammographic categories, determining her positive predictive value (P.P.V.) RESULTS: 37 cancers were detected. The P.P.V. was 73.33%, 13.68% and 5.55% for categories 5 , 4 and 3 , respectively. CONCLUSION: The obtained results are similar to other's researchers. This confirms the usefulness of the classification by categories. In patients in categories 4 and 5 the stereotaxic core biopsy is advocated.
Will silicon be the photonic material of the third millenium? *

Silicon microphotonics, a technology which merges photonics and silicon microelectronic components, is rapidly evolving. Many different fields of application are emerging: transceiver modules for optical communication systems, optical bus systems for ULSI circuits, I/O stages for SOC, displays, . In this review I will give a brief motivation for silicon microphotonics and try to give the state-of-the-art of this technology. The ingredient still lacking is the silicon laser: a review of the various approaches will be presented. Finally, I will try to draw some conclusions where silicon is predicted to be the material to achieve a full integration of electronic and optical devices.
Analysis of magnetoencephalographic data using the homogeneous sphere model: empirical tests

The external magnetic fields produced by artificial current dipoles placed in conducting-gel filled spheres, partial spheres and human skulls have been measured. Using a homogeneously conducting sphere model, the dipole parameters have been estimated. Although good quality data fitting is obtainable for a range of positions of the centre of the sphere used in the modelling, the predictions for the dipole obtained with those different assumed positions differ considerably. It is found that the most reliable method of obtaining accurate estimates of the dipole parameters is by taking an average of the predictions of several of the best-fit analyses. The information about the accuracy of the predictions that is obtainable from the fitting routine's residual error parameter is discussed.
Disección espontánea de la arteria vertebral (Spontaneous vertebral artery dissection)

La diseccion arterial como causa de ataque cerebrovascular es infrecuente, presentandose mas comunmente en poblacion joven asociado a un trauma menor que involucra la hiperextension del cuello.Presentamos el reporte de un paciente hombre, joven, con un accidente cerebrovascular de fosa posterior y cuya etiologia fue una diseccion espontanea de la arteria vertebral derecha. Abstract Arterial dissection as a cause of stroke is uncommon, most commonly presenting in young people sometimes associated with trauma involving hyperextension of the neck as the only history which would suggest the traumatic origin. We present the case report of a young man with posterior stroke whose etiology was a spontaneous dissection of the right vertebral artery. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.21615/cesmedicina.30. 1.10
Effect of 176Lu background on singles transmission for LSO-based PET cameras

We explore how the radioactive background from naturally occurring 176Lu affects single photon transmission imaging for lutetium orthosilicate (LSO) scintillator-based PET cameras by estimating the transmission noise equivalent count rate (NECR) including this background. Assuming a typical PET camera geometry (80 cm detector ring diameter), we use a combination of measurement and analytic computation to estimate the counting rates due to transmission, scatter and background events as a function of singles transmission source strength. We then compute a NECR for singles transmission. We find that the presence of radiation from the naturally occurring 176Lu reduces the NECR by 60% or higher for source strengths less than 10 mCi, and that a 25% reduction of the NECR can occur even with a source strength of 40 mCi.
Josephson junction arrays as a variable inductor in RF circuits and tunable filters

We report on the investigation of the effects of the nonlinear inductance of huge Josephson junction arrays on high-quality RF circuits. The inductance of a single junction is far too small for use in many RF applications; however, Josephson junction stacks and especially intrinsic Josephson junctions in crystalline-layered superconductors open new opportunities. The stack inductance can be altered by changing a DC Josephson current either using an external bias current or an external magnetic field applied to a closed superconducting loop containing two stacks connected in parallel. Using stacks of Josephson junctions in the LC resonators, a tunable 4-pole, 15 MHz band-pass filter with a centre frequency at 1.1 GHz was designed. The filter was simulated in the time domain and the response was converted to the frequency domain. It was found that using an input power level of −62 dBm, corresponding to 0.5% of the junctions’ critical current, a linear approximation for the stack nonlinear inductance can be used. By changing the applied magnetic field, a tuning range of 20% was demonstrated with a tuning speed of 2 µs or better. An estimate of the losses is also given. In addition, power handling up to −26 dBm is reported using increasing circuit complexity.
Proteínas relacionadas con el metabolismo del hierro corporal

Background: Iron is an essential nutrient well studied for its role in human health, and much evidence exists regarding its metabolism, functions, interactions, and regulations. However, studies and analyses that have been done are often based on specific proteins and few integrate into a single text the characteristics of multiple proteins related to total body iron metabolism. Objective: Explore in-depth the molecular, metabolic, and modulation aspects of proteins that participate in iron homeostasis and related interactions. Materials and methods: A literature review was completed using scientific databases in conjunction with a search for related scientific articles published between 2006 and 2016. Results: Homeostasis of total body iron stores is a complex process that is highly regulated by various molecules that participate in an integrated manner in iron metabolism. In recent years, new proteins have been discovered regarding the humoral and cellular control of iron, some of which are also involved in the transport of other nutrients. Additionally, these proteins involve participation from various organs, tissues, and systems. This review includes proteins responsible for facilitating biological utilization of the nutrient, as well as those that protect cells from toxicity of this mineral.
Self-assembly of a phospholipid Langmuir monolayer using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations

Molecular dynamics simulations using a coarse-grained (CG) model for dimyristoyl-phosphatidyl-choline and water molecules have been carried out to follow the self-assembly process of a Langmuir monolayer. We expand on a previous study of the characteristics of the CG model where we compare the rotational and translational constants of the present model to those of an all-atom (AA) model, and find that the rotational and translational timescales are up to two orders of magnitude faster than in an AA model. We then apply the model to the self-assembly of a Langmuir monolayer. The initial randomly distributed system, which consists of 80 lipids and 5000 water sites, quickly self-assembles into two Langmuir monolayers and a micelle in the bulk water region. The micelle slowly diffuses towards and fuses with one of the interfacial monolayers, leaving the final equilibrated state with a Langmuir monolayer at each of the two air/water interfaces. The effective speed-up gained from the CG approach gives access to timescales and spatial scales that are much larger than those currently accessible with AA models.