Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acoustic Streaming as a Mechanism in the Treatment of Suspensions

Hydrodynamical shearing of droplets occurs when sufficiently high‐velocity gradients exist [F. D. Rumscheidt and S. G. Mason, J. Colloid Sci. 16, 238–245 (1961)]. Theory for acoustic microstreaming near a gas bubble indicates that large velocity gradients can exist in the boundary layer. Comparison of such gradients with hydrodynamic theory leads to the prediction that acoustic streaming can be an important mechanism in the disruption of suspensions. For example hydrodynamic theory predicts that a velocity gradient of 2.5 × 104 sec−1 existing in a fluid with a viscosity of 20 cP is sufficient to shear a droplet of radius 10 μ and a surface tension of 10 dyn/cm. A velocity gradient of this magnitude exists near a resonant 20‐kHz bubble oscillating with an amplitude of 20 μ. Under suitable experimental conditions, such amplitudes can be achieved using a single controlled oscillating bubble. Data obtained from such an arrangement substantiate aspects of the theory. [This investigation was supported by a Nati.
Adaptive thresholding through morphological filtering

Morphological filtering is known for its flexibility in locally modifying geometrical features of three dimensional data, or image functions. The topic in this paper is on adaptive thresholding of multilevel image functions to extract application-specific features from grayscale images. By adaptive thresholding, we mean that the process of binarizing grayscale images is locally adjusted. The geometric features to be extracted are furnished by specifics from the application requirements, e.g., a binary version is needed from a photo to extract letters from a car license plate such that the binarized image is specifically representing the information about letters around the license plate while ignoring other background information. A contour function is used as the adaptive thresholding layer for the grayscale image. After the first thresholding, a binarized version is obtained and then local geometric parameters about the binary image are measured through a skeletonization process. The parameters from skeletonization are compared with the feature descriptions and a contour function is redefined and used for adaptively thresholding the grayscale image. A skeletonization process is then applied to the binarized image to extract local geometric parameters to meet the application- specific requirement. Application of the developed adaptive thresholding algorithm includes examples in text image binarization, object feature binarization against surrounding background, and glass flaw detection.
Application of the Semi-Lagrangian Method to a Spectral Model of the Shallow Water Equations

Abstract Previous tests with grid-point numerical weather prediction models have shown that semi-Lagrangian schemes permit the use of time steps that are much larger than those permitted by the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CFL) stability criterion for the corresponding Eulerian models, without reducing the accuracy of the forecasts. Thus model efficiency is improved because fewer time steps are needed to complete the forecast. In a first step to see if similar results can be achieved in spectral models, Ritchie, in a previous study, applied interpolating and noninterpolating semi-Lagrangian treatments of advection to the problem of simple advection by a steady wind field on a Gaussian grid. This present paper combines these treatments of advection with the semi-implicit scheme in a spectral model of the shallow water equations expressed in vector momentum form. Model formulations are presented and intercomparison experiments are performed. It is shown that both interpolating and noninterpolating semi-Lagrangi.
The effect of reduced air density on streamer-to-leader transition and on properties of long positive leader

New results of observations of the leader process in a pressure chamber are presented for reduced air pressures. The analysis of these data and observations of the leader discharge in peak regions shows that the length of the leader tip and some other characteristics vary by several times as pressure decreases from 1 to 0.3 atm, whereas, under the conditions considered, the leader velocity remains almost independent of air density, the leader current being the same. These data are used to extract relationships between discharge parameters. It is shown that, at reduced air densities, electric field in a ‘young’ section of the leader channel exceeds electric field in the streamer zone. Therefore, transition of the leader process to the final-jump phase is not inevitably followed by a breakdown of the gap for reduced pressures, as opposed to the discharge in atmospheric pressure air. The model suggested previously by the authors for the streamer-to- leader transition at atmospheric pressure is amended to take into account hydrodynamic expansion of the channel and used to simulate the process at a relative air density of 0.3. The calculated results are used to interpret the observations of the leader process at reduced air pressures.
Management of Distributed Generations in a Micro Grid by Using a New Control Technique

: This paper presents energy management of distributed generation inverter in a micro grid by using a novel control strategy. a new model is connected in the micro grid for system associated and islanded highlights. The proposed micro grid consist of a pv arrays which functions as primary generation unit of the micro grid and a proton exchange membranes fuel cell to supplement the variability in the power generated by the pv arrays. This design concept is verified through various test scenarios to demonstrate the operational capabilities of the proposed micro grid and verified in Matlab simulation software.
Reynolds stress closure for nonequilibrium effects in turbulent flows

From consideration of turbulence anisotropy dynamics due to spatial or temporal variations in the mean strain rate, a new Reynolds stress closure for nonequilibrium effects in turbulent flows has been developed. This closure, formally derived from the Reynolds stress anisotropy transport equation, results in an effective strain rate tensor that accounts for the strain rate history to which the turbulence has been subjected. In contrast to prior nonequilibrium models that have sought to address nonequilibrium effects via changes in the eddy viscosity, the present approach accounts for nonequilibrium effects in the fundamental relation between the anisotropy tensor and the strain rate tensor. The time-local form of the nonequilibrium closure can be readily implemented in place of the classical equilibrium Boussinesq closure on which most existing computational frameworks are currently based. This new closure is applied here to four substantially different classes of nonequilibrium test problems. Results sho.
The evidence of complex variability in construction labour productivity

The complex variability of the 12 construction labour productivity data sets has been examined by analysing the central moments of tendency, and applying the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Anderson-Darling tests of normality. The results consistently show that the productivity is not normally distributed. In addition, undefined variance causes a failure of the central limit theorem, thus indicating that some basic statistical diagnostics like correlation coefficients and t statistics may give misleading results and are not applicable. A brief comparison with volatility studies in econometrics has revealed surprising similarity with Pareto distributions, which can model undefined or infinite variance. Such distributions are typical of chaotic systems like the logistic equation, whose properties also are described briefly. Therefore, it is suggested that future research should be focused on studying the applicability of chaos theory to construction labour.
Models of cardiac ventricular action potentials: iterative interaction between experiment and simulation

The development of cardiac ventricular cell models since 1960 is reviewed with the focus on the interaction between simulation and experimental work. At each stage, the reasons for new models are explained, as are their defects and how these were used to point the way to successor models. A key feature of our analysis is the demonstration that as much, if not more, was learnt from the way in which models failed as from their successes. The review leads up to the most recent developments in this field and indicates the ways in which it may be expected to advance in the future.
A retrospective study of white matter integrity in mild cognitive impairment

Prior work has shown that white matter fiber integrity decreases in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This can be achieved by quantifying anisotropic water movement in the brain using diffusion tensor imaging techniques. Since less than half (but still a considerable amount) of the MCI patients convert to AD it is important to identify features that can predict the chance of conversion to AD within a certain time frame. In this study we applied tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) in order to perform this task, which overcomes limitations that are commonly associated with ROI-based approaches and voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Diffusion weighted images were taken from 15 healthy controls, 15 AD patients and 17 MCI patients. 8 MCI patients remained stable within 3 years of follow-up investigations ("non-converters" or MCI-nc) and 9 converted to AD ("converters" or MCI-c). Significant differences between the MCI-nc and MCI-c groups were found in large parts of the fornix, the corpus callosum and the cingulum. In comparison, the MCI-c group did not differ significantly from the AD group and the MCI-nc group exhibited features similar to the control group in most parts of the structures. These results demonstrate that, although MCI-c and MCI-nc patients were clinically similar at time of inclusion, the MCI-c group already exhibited pathologic features of fiber integrity associated with AD. This finding could lead to more powerful techniques in the early identification of AD and thus support an earlier and more successful treatment.
$A$-Optimal Block Designs for Comparing Test Treatments with a Control

Abstract : This document considers the problem of comparing test treatments with a control in a proper block design. The auther derives sufficient conditions for the A-optimality of both R-type and S-type designs, and demonstrates how these conditions can be used to obtain families of optimal designs. He gives an example for the construction of the desired S-type designs. A table with optimal R-type designs (3 or = k or = 10, k or = v or = 30) is also given.
Influence of aluminium doping on thermoelectric performance of atomic layer deposited ZnO thin films

We study the effect of Al doping on thermoelectric power factor of ZnO films grown using atomic layer deposition method. The overall doping level is tuned by either varying the precursor pulsing sequence or by varying the number of precursor pulses while keeping the sequence unchanged. We observe that commonly utilized doping approach when periodic dopant layers are densely packed results in reduced power factor. At the same time, we find that thermoelectric performance can be improved by clustering the dopants. In addition, the clustering was found to tune the preferred crystal orientation of the polycrystalline film.
A statistical analysis of the Einstein normal galaxy sample. III - Radio and X-ray properties of elliptical and S0 galaxies

Radioastronomy, optical and X-ray data were used to probe the cause of high X-ray luminosities of 28 radio-quiet elliptical galaxies (RQE) and S0 galaxies previously scanned by the Einstein Observatory. Comparisons were made with similar data on double-lobed 3CR galaxies. Radio luminosities were highly correlated with the X-ray luminosities, agreeing with models of radio nuclear sources in early-type galaxies as accreting compact objects. Additionally, 3CR galaxies seemed to be large-scale versions of normal RQE. The significance of interstellar medium/intracluster medium interactions for high correlations between the core and total radio power from X-ray emitting galaxies is discussed. 54 references.
Correlation between height selection and electronic structure of the uniform height Pb/Si(111) islands

Uniform-height islands, with preferred heights differing by bilayer height increments, can be grown on Pb/Si(111) at low temperatures most likely as a result of quantum size effects. With scanning-tunneling-microscope spectroscopy we have determined how the electronic structure of individual islands is related to their stability. Differences between preferred vs nonpreferred island heights are seen at the position of the Fermi level with respect to the highest occupied band and lowest unoccupied band. This difference is supported from oscillations of the measured apparent barrier Δ(ln I)/Δz with island height.
First results from the Faint Object Camera - Images of the gravitational lens system G2237 + 0305

Images of the gravitational lens system G2237 + 0305 have been obtained with the Faint Object Camera on board the Hubble Space Telescope. A preliminary analysis of these images is reported here and includes measurements of the relative positions and magnitudes of the lensed images of the QSO, and of the lensing galaxy. No evidence is found for a fifth lensed image. 16 refs.
A note on the number of solutions Np of the congruence y2 ≡ x3 − Dx(mod p)

The object of this note is the following theorem together with a table of the (1 + i)n division points for n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 on the elliptic curve y2 = x3 − Dx which has complex multiplication by i = √(−1).
Counterfactuality in non-standard subjunctive conditionals

The non-standard forms (NSSC) exemplified in (2) appeared in the 15 C, at the time when the subjunctive voice in English disappeared (Huddleston & Pullum 2002). While the NSSCs mark different registers, no differences have been observed in terms of interpretation between an NSSC and an SC. The extra piece of morphology has usually been considered vacuous: a redundant repetition (Wilson 1993), a phonological harmony effect (Molencki 2000), or a psychological effect (Boyland 1995). The aim of this paper is two-fold: a) we present a novel empirical observation: we claim there is a contrast in meaning between (1) and (2); and b) we offer an analysis that predicts the differences in meaning.
Robust Spectral Regression

This paper addresses the problem of linear regression estimation when the disturbances follow a stationary process with its spectral density known only to be in a neighborhood of some specified spectral density, for instance, that of white noise. Rather than trying to adapt to a small unspecified autocorrelation, we follow here the robustness approach, and establish the extent of the regressors and disturbance spectra interaction which require serial correlation correction. We consider a class of generalized least-squares estimates, and find the estimator in this class which optimally robustifies the least-squares estimator against serial correlation. The estimator, when considered in the frequency domain, is of a form of weighted least squares with the most prominent frequencies of the regression spectrum being downweighted in a way similar to Huber's robust regression estimator.
Passive acoustic methods applied to fin whale population density estimation

Assessing the size of cetacean populations in the open ocean has traditionally relied on visual surveys alone. The addition of acoustic monitoring can complement these surveys if reliable protocols can be formulated and calibrated with visual techniques. A study is presented to estimate fin whale population statistics based on near-continuous recording from a single hydrophone. Range to calling animals is estimated by transmission loss and multipath methods to provide a minimum population density estimate. Results are derived from recordings at a hydrophone site north of Oahu, Hawaii that have been the focus of earlier studies. The average calling whale density is 0.027 animals/1000 km2, while the seasonal maximum calling whale density is about three times the average, or 0.081 animals/1000 km2. Over 30 fixed hydrophone sites are available around the Worlds Oceans from which such statistics could be generated.
Anisotropy in nonprimordial cosmic background radiation

In the standard cosmological model, large-scale anisotropy in microwave background temperature is generally attributed to primordial fluctuations. However, anisotropy may also be produced by radiation emitted inhomogeneously at relatively recent epochs (z< or approx. =200) and thermalized by grains or molecules. This hypothesis predicts a white noise angular distribution of deltaT/T on large scales, with amplitude determined by the inhomogeneity of the sources of radiation, and a smooth distribution below an angle theta/sub 1/roughly-equal3/sup 0/--15/sup 0/ where scattering becomes important. The angular scale of the smoothing may increase with frequency if dust or molecular opacity dominates over Thomson scattering. Nonstandard big bangs or theories of galaxy formation which have smooth initial conditions may be tested by current observations of anisotropy at roughly-equal6/sup 0/ and roughly-equal90/sup 0/.
The Horizontal Magnetic Flux of the Quiet-Sun Internetwork as Observed with the Hinode Spectro-Polarimeter

Observations of very quiet Sun using the Solar Optical Telescope/Spectro-Polarimeter (SOT/SP) aboard the Hinode spacecraft reveal that the quiet internetwork regions are pervaded by horizontal magnetic flux. The spatial average horizontal apparent flux density derived from wavelength-integrated measures of Zeeman-induced linear polarization is BTapp = 55 Mx cm −2, as compared to the corresponding average vertical apparent flux density of | BLapp| = 11 Mx cm −2. Distributions of apparent flux density are presented. Magnetic fields are organized on mesogranular scales, with both horizontal and vertical fields showing “voids” of reduced flux density of a few granules spatial extent. The vertical fields are concentrated in the intergranular lanes, whereas the stronger horizontal fields are somewhat separated spatially from the vertical fields and occur most commonly at the edges of the bright granules. High-S/N observations from disk center to the limb help to constrain possible causes of the apparent imbalance between | BLapp| and BTapp, with unresolved structures of linear dimension on the surface smaller by at least a factor of 2 relative to the SOT/SP angular resolution being one likely cause of this discrepancy. Other scenarios for explaining this imbalance are discussed. The horizontal fields are likely the source of the “seething” fields of the quiet Sun discovered by Harvey et al. The horizontal fields may also contribute to the “hidden” turbulent flux suggested by studies involving Hanle effect depolarization of scattered radiation.
Sterile neutrinos in cold climates

Measurements of neutrino oscillations at short baselines contain an intriguing set of experimental anomalies that may be suggestive of new physics such as the existence of sterile neutrinos. This three-part thesis presents research directed towards understanding these anomalies and searching for sterile neutrino oscillations. Part I contains a theoretical discussion of neutrino coherence properties. The open-quantum-system picture of neutrino beams, which allows a rigorous prediction of coherence distances for accelerator neutrinos, is presented. Validity of the standard treatment of active and sterile neutrino oscillations at short baselines is verified, and non-standard coherence loss effects at longer baselines are predicted. Part II concerns liquid argon detector development for the MicroBooNE experiment, which will search for short-baseline oscillations in the Booster Neutrino Beam at Fermilab. Topics include characterization and installation of the MicroBooNE optical system; test-stand measurements of liquid argon optical properties with dissolved impurities; optimization of wavelength-shifting coatings for liquid argon scintillation light detection; testing and deployment of high-voltage surge arrestors to protect TPC field cages; and software development for optical and TPC simulation and reconstruction. Part III presents a search for sterile neutrinos using the IceCube neutrino telescope, which has collected a large sample of atmospheric-neutrino-induced events in the 1-10more » TeV energy range. Sterile neutrinos would modify the detected neutrino flux shape via MSW-resonant oscillations. Following a careful treatment of systematic uncertainties in the sample, no evidence for MSW-resonant oscillations is observed, and exclusion limits on 3+1 model parameter space are derived. Under the mixing assumptions made, the 90% confidence level exclusion limit extends to sin22θ24 ≤ 0.02 at m2 ~ 0.3 eV2, and the LSND and MiniBooNE allowed regions are excluded at >99% confidence level. « less
Wavelet-based image coding using a novel morphological framework

Wavelet image decompositions generate a tree-structured set of coefficients, providing an hierarchical data-structure for representing images. Recent efforts in image compression have focused on new ways for exploiting dependencies within this hierarchy of wavelet coefficients, and these efforts are achieving significant improvements in coding performance over traditional subband coding approaches. This paper presents a statistical framework for understanding the efficiency of these new zerotree wavelet coding algorithms, and describes our own wavelet coding algorithm which optimally couples scalar and zerotree quantization modes. Building from this framework, we describe a radically new approach to image compression (dubbed morphological representation of wavelet data or MRWD) based on the statistical characterization of morphological sets of wavelet coefficients (a morphological set is a set of coefficients related to other coefficients via morphological operators). Preliminary simulation of the new algorithm shows very promising results.
Compact microstrip‐fed ultra‐wideband antenna with novel radiating element

A novel printed monopole antenna with an ultra‐wide bandwidth is presented. The proposed antenna has very compact size (12 × 22 mm2) as well as very simple configuration and easily fed by using a 50 Ω microstrip line. The antenna impedance bandwidth based on S11 < −10 dB is from 3 to 14 GHz, about 130%. A stably omnidirectional radiation patterns over a wide bandwidth is obtained. These features will make the antenna attractive for modern ultra‐wideband applications. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:2267–2269, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25486
Highly resolved pulsatile flows through prosthetic heart valves using the entropic lattice-Boltzmann method

Abstract Prosthetic heart valves have been widely used to replace diseased or defective native heart valves. Flow through bileaflet mechanical heart valves (BMHVs) have previously demonstrated complex phenomena in the vicinity of the valve owing to the presence of two rigid leaflets. This study aims to accurately capture the complex flow dynamics for pulsatile flow through a 23 mm St Jude Medical (SJM) Regent™ BMHV. The lattice-Boltzmann method (LBM) is used to simulate pulsatile flow through the valve with the inclusion of reverse leakage flow at very high spatiotemporal resolution that can capture fine details in the pulsatile BMHV flow field. For higher-Reynolds-number flows, this high spatiotemporal resolution captures features that have not been observed in previous coarse resolution studies. In addition, the simulations are able to capture with detail the features of leaflet closing and the asymmetric b-datum leakage jet during mid-diastole. Novel flow physics are visualized and discussed along with quantification of turbulent features of this flow, which is made possible by this parallelized numerical method.