Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phytoplankton and nutrient dynamics in two ponds of the Esmoriz wastewater treatment plant (Northern Portugal)

Phytoplankton dynamics in two ponds of the Esmoriz wastewater treatment plant (Northern Portugal), were studied between December 1998 and July 1999. Ponds were characterized by a wide range of water temperatures (i.e. between 9.1 and 25.3 "C), and dissolved oxygen concentrations (i.e. 0.9 10.8 mg I-' in the facultative pond, and 2.8 18.2 mg I-' in the maturation one). The maximum chlorophyll a concentration was reached in July in the facultative pond (i.e. 2054.6 mg m-3) and in February in the maturation pond (i.e. 2042.6 mg m"). Mean chlorophyll a concentrations varied between 694.1 mg m-3 in the facultative pond and 942.1 mg m-3 in the maturation pond. Nutrient concentrations were 1.6 mgl-' NH,+-N, 0.1 mgl-I NO,N, 10.2 mgl-' NO,-N and 1.6 mgl-' PO;-P. Chlorophytes and euglenophytes dominated the phytoplankton in the facultative pond; the first group represented almost 85 % of total phytoplankton density in January, May and June, whereas euglenophytes reached 96 % of total phytoplankton density in April. The genera Oocystis and Pandorina were dominant within the chlorophytes, while the genus Euglena was dominant within euglenophytes. Cyanobacteria in the maturation pond represented more than 95 % oftotal phytoplankton density in April, May and July. Dominant cyanobacteria were Planktothrix mougeotii (April and May), Microcystis aeruginosu and Pseudoanabaena mucicola (July). In the maturation pond, euglenophytes were less than 6 % of total phytoplankton abundance, except in March, when Euglena accounted for 67 % of total phytoplankton density. These densities indicate that the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) may be an optimal habitat for cyanobacteria, and consequently, a possible source of cyanobacterial toxins.
Modelling Immunisation Coverage in Nigeria: a Bayesian Structured Additive Regression Approach

About 10 million children under the age of five die every year worldwide. One quarter of these deaths are caused by diseases that are preventable with vaccines. According to the World Health Organisation, immunization currently saves between 2 and 3 million lives per year. It is one of the most successful and cost-effective public health interventions. In developing countries in particular, infant and childhood mortalities are related to childhood diseases. Therefore, low vaccination coverage increases the risks of a child to various diseases such as diarrhoea, measles, malaria, etc. In spite of the efforts from government and donor agencies, Nigeria still remains the county with least vaccination coverage in Africa. However, empirical evidence revealed substantial geographical variations on immunization coverage in Nigeria. In attempt to address the menace of low vaccination coverage in Nigeria, this paper aims at providing policymakers with tools to design effective interventions which can lead to frugal utilization of the scarce resources which is prominent in developing countries. This paper explores trend and geographical variations of vaccination coverage in Nigeria using 1999, 2003 and 2008 Demographic and Health Survey data. This approach permits a joint estimation of the usual linear effects of categorical covariates, nonlinear effects of continuous covariates and small-area district effects within a unified structured additive Bayesian framework.
Evolving from Radial to Bidirectional Power Flow

iii Executive Summary . v Acknowledgments . vii Acronyms and Abbreviations . ix Figures . xiii 1.0 Introduction . 1.1 1.1 Scope . 1.1 1.2 Summary of DER Interconnection Requirements in IEEE 1547 . 1.1 1.3 Characteristics of DER for Protection . 1.3 1.4 Existing Practices – Radial Distribution . 1.4 1.5 Existing Practices – Reclosing and Autoloops . 1.10 1.6 Existing Practices – Secondary Networks . 1.12 1.7 Existing Practices – Microgrids . 1.14 1.8 Summary of New Challenges . 1.18 2.0 Metrics for Evaluation . 2.1 3.0 Technical Approach to Evaluation . 3.1 3.1 Modeling Tools . 3.1 3.2 Inverter Model . 3.4 4.0 Incremental Quantities for Radial Distribution . 4.1 4.1 Principle of Operation . 4.1 4.2 Analysis . 4.1 4.3 Conclusion . 4.7 5.0 Focused Directional Relaying for Radial Distribution . 5.1 5.1 Principle of Operation . 5.1 5.2 Analysis . 5.2 5.3 Conclusion . 5.4 6.0 Single-Point Traveling Wave for Radial Distribution . 6.1 6.1 Principle of Operation . 6.1 6.2 Analysis . 6.3 6.3 Conclusion . 6.7 7.0 Smart Network Protector Relay for Secondary Networks . 7.1 7.1 Principle of Operation . 7.1 7.2 Analysis . 7.3 7.3 Conclusion . 7.6 8.0 Transform and Admittance Methods for Microgrids . 8.1 8.1 Principles of Operation . 8.1
Programmed death-ligand 1 expression level as a predictor of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor efficacy in lung adenocarcinoma

Background The main objective of this study was to investigate the impact of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression on the efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods This study analyzed 108 patients with NSCLC who had received EGFR-TKI as first-line systemic treatment at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital and Seoul National University Hospital between December 2012 and October 2018. The National Cancer Center Research Institute (NCCRI) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets were analyzed to investigate the mechanisms underlying EGFR-TKI-resistance in tumors with high PD-L1 expression. Results Among the 108 patients, 55, 37, and 16 had negative (PD-L1 Tumor proportion score <1%), weak (1–49%), and strong (≥50%) PD-L1 expression, respectively. Patients with strong PD-L1 expression had significantly shorter median progression-free survival (PFS; 7.07 months) than patients with weak (14.73 months, P<0.001) or negative (12.70 months, P=0.001) PD-L1 expression. After adjustment for covariates by Cox regression, PD-L1 expression remained a significant indicator of adverse prognosis. In EGFR-TKI-refractory patients, the frequency of T790M mutation and the PFS following treatment with third-generation EGFR-TKI and PD-1 antibody were similar in the three groups. TCGA and NCCRI database analysis showed that high PD-L1 expression in EGFR-mutated NSCLCs correlated with IL-6/JAK/STAT3 signaling and high MUC16 mutation frequency. Conclusions Strong PD-L1 expression in tumors might be a surrogate indicator of poor response to first-line EGFR-TKIs in NSCLC patients with sensitizing EGFR mutations, and may reflect a de novo resistance mechanism involving JAK-STAT signaling.
Comparative Performance Evaluation of Intrusion Detection Based on Machine Learning in In-Vehicle Controller Area Network Bus

Communication between the nodes in a vehicle is performed using many protocols. The most common of these is known as the Controller Area Network (CAN). The functionality of the CAN protocol is based on sending messages from one node to all others throughout a bus. Messages are sent without either source or destination addresses. Consequently, it is simple for an attacker to inject malicious messages. This may lead to some nodes malfunctioning or total system failure, which can affect the safety of the driver as well as the vehicle. Detecting intrusions is a challenging problem in the context of using CAN bus for in-vehicle communication. Most existing work focuses on the physical aspects without taking into consideration the data itself. Machine Learning (ML) tools, especially classification techniques, have been widely used to address similar problems. In this paper, we use and compare several ML techniques to deal with the problem of detecting intrusions in in-vehicle communication. An experimental study is performed using a real dataset extracted from a KIA Soul car. Compared to previous work, which focuses on detecting intrusions based on the physical aspect, this paper aims to concentrate on the application of data analysis and statistical learning techniques. Furthermore, the paper provides a comparative study of the most common ML techniques. The results show that the techniques under consideration in this paper outperform other techniques that have been used previously.
Free as in Freedom: Richard Stallman's Crusade for Free Software

From the Publisher: "Why would Microsoft executives lie awake at night worrying about the antics of a long-haired, renegade hacker named Richard Stallman? Why do some of the smartest programmers on the planet revere this man as "St. Ignucius"? And how did a stubborn, precocious boy obsessed with creating the perfect model rocket grow up to play David to the software industry's Goliath? " Free as in Freedom traces this eccentric genius's evolution from gifted, solitary child to teen outcast to revered and reviled crusader. Through extensive interviews with Stallman, his family, fellow hackers, and tech-industry heavyweights, author Sam Williams crafts a portrait of a freedom fighter who has, in fact, changed the world.
Reassessing Diabetes and APOE Genotype as Potential Interacting Risk Factors for Alzheimer’s Disease

Objective: To assess whether diabetes alone or in association with Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 genotype increases the risk of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) diagnosis. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 33,456 participants from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center database. Results: Participants with one or two APOE ε4 alleles had 2.71 (CI:2.55–2.88) and 9.37 (CI:8.14–10.78) times higher odds of AD diagnosis, respectively, relative to those with zero ε4 alleles. In contrast, diabetic participants showed 1.07 (CI:0.96–1.18) times higher odds of AD relative to nondiabetics. Diabetes did not exacerbate the odds of AD in APOE ε4 carriers. APOE ε4 carriage was correlated with declines in long-term memory and verbal fluency, which were strongly correlated with conversion to AD. However, diabetes was correlated with working memory decline, which had a relatively weak correlation with AD. Conclusions: Unlike APOE ε4, there was little evidence that diabetes was a risk factor for AD.
mmPhone: Acoustic Eavesdropping on Loudspeakers via mmWave-characterized Piezoelectric Effect

More and more people turn to online voice communication with loudspeaker-equipped devices due to its convenience. To prevent speech leakage, soundproof rooms are often adopted. This paper presents mmPhone, a novel acoustic eavesdropping system that recovers loudspeaker speech protected by soundproof environments. The key idea is that properties of piezoelectric films in mmWave band can change with sound pressure due to the piezoelectric effect. If the property changes are acquired by an adversary (i.e., characterizing the piezoelectric effect with mmWaves), speech leakage can happen. More importantly, the piezoelectric film can work without a power supply. Base on this, we proposed a methodology using mmWaves to sense the film and decoding the speech from mmWaves, which turns the film into a passive "microphone". To recover intelligible speech, we further develop an enhancement scheme based on a denoising neural network, multi-channel augmentation, and speech synthesis, to compensate for the propagation and penetration loss of mmWaves. We perform extensive experiments to evaluate mmPhone and conduct digit recognition with over 93% accuracy. The results indicate mmPhone can recover high-quality and intelligible speech from a distance over 5m and is resilient to incident angles of sound waves (within 55 degrees) and different types of loudspeakers.
Auditing the Swiss Post E-voting System: An Architectural Perspective

2 General architectural concerns 4 2.1 Architecture documentation issues . 4 2.2 Limited application of trust splitting . 5 2.3 Control component independence . 7 2.4 Auditor independence . 10 2.5 Message-level authentication and integrity protection design . 10 2.5. 1 The benefits, and risks, of abstraction . 11 2.5. 2 Decrypted results versus verified results . 12
Authentic leadership and nurses' voice behaviour and perceptions of care quality.

AIM The purpose of the present study was to test a theoretical model linking authentic leadership with staff nurses' trust in their manager, work engagement, voice behaviour and perceived unit care quality. BACKGROUND Authentic leadership is a guide for effective leadership needed to build trust and healthier work environments because there is special attention given to honesty, integrity and high ethical standards in the development of leader-follower relationships. METHODS A non-experimental, predictive survey design was used to test the hypothesized model in a random sample of 280 (48% response rate) registered nurses working in acute care hospitals in Ontario. RESULTS The final model fitted the data acceptably (χ(2)=17.24, d.f. =11, P=0.10, IFI=0.99, CFI=0.99, RMSEA=0.045). Authentic leadership significantly and positively influenced staff nurses' trust in their manager and work engagement which in turn predicted voice behaviour and perceived unit care quality. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that authentic leadership and trust in the manager play a role in fostering trust, work engagement, voice behaviour and perceived quality of care. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT Nursing leaders can improve care quality and workplace conditions by paying attention to facilitating genuine and positive relationships with their staff.
Functional Bowel Disorders Are Associated with a Central Immune Activation

Background Subjects with depression and unexplained neurological symptoms have a high prevalence of gastrointestinal comorbidity probably related to the brain-gut communication. This study explored associations between functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) and inflammatory markers in subjects with these disorders. Methods The FGID, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), were classified according to the Rome III criteria, and degree of symptoms was assessed with IBS symptom severity score (IBS-SSS). A range of interleukins (IL), chemokines and growth factors, tryptophan, and kynurenine were analysed in serum and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) were analysed in the faeces. The results are reported as partial correlation (pc) and p values. Results Sixty-six subjects were included. IBS was associated with high levels of tryptophan (p = 0.048) and kynurenine (p = 0.019) and low level of IL-10 (p = 0.047) in the CSF. IBS-SSS was associated with high tumor necrosis factor and low IL-10 in the CSF; pc = 0.341 and p = 0.009 and pc = −0.299 and p = 0.023, respectively. Propionic minus butyric acid in faeces was negatively associated with IL-10 in the CSF (pc = −0.416, p = 0.005). Conclusions FGID were associated with a proinflammatory immune activation in the central nervous system and a disturbed tryptophan metabolism that could have been mediated by the faecal microbiota.
WIMP annihilation and cooling of neutron stars

We study the effect of WIMP annihilation on the temperature of a neutron star. We shall argue that the released energy due to WIMP annihilation inside the neutron stars might affect the temperature of stars older than 10x10{sup 6} years, flattening out the temperature at {approx}10{sup 4} K for a typical neutron star.
Envelope Protein Structure of Zika Virus - A Target For Vaccine Development And Therapeutics

Zika Virus epidemic is expanding from Brazil to Americas. ZV is of immense public health concern, as it’s infection is resulting in physical as well as mental health issues in the people, especially among the pregnant women of the affected area. ZV infection causes neurological complications in adults and Congenital Zika Syndrome in infected fetuses. Unlike other viruses of this family, ZV escapes the host immune system, survives at higher temperatures and crosses the anatomical barriers of human body. Still there are structural similarities between ZV and Dengue Virus (DV) that are the mainstay of the research regarding its structure and viral-host immune system interactions. Zika virus (ZV), a member of Flavivirus Family, has a positive sense RNA genome, a capsid and an outer shell. The envelope (E) protein is the major component of the shell that is the first interface interacting with host immune system, internal environment and the cell membranes infecting the host cells. Outermost shell of ZV is icosahedral in protein configuration with 180 E proteins in total, arranged in finger-like dimers. Three dimers line parallel to each other creating a diamond shaped asymmetric structure which can be further subdivided into symmetric triangles having half of the dimers triplicates. E protein is anchored by M protein in viral lipid membrane via a stem and a loop structure. A lipid membrane lines underneath the outer shell which covers the innermost chamber, the capsid. Capsid contains the genome, responsible for translation of three structural and seven nonstructural proteins. The potential targets for vaccine and drug development are in the Fusion Loop of Domain II in E protein monomers and NS1, NS2B, NS3, NS5, the nonstructural proteins. The identified targets are aimed to halt the replication and infectivity of the ZV at different stages of its maturity. Understanding of ZV structure is the key to identify the effective targets for prospective advancements in the vaccine and therapeutics development.
ELQ: Extensible Element Queries forModular Responsive WebComponents

Responsive web design is a popular approach to supportdevices with varying characteristics (viewport size, inputmechanisms, media type, etc.) by conditionally style thecontent of a document by such criteria using CSS mediaqueries. To reduce complexity it is also popular to developweb applications by creating reusable modules. Unfortu-nately, responsive modules require the user of a module todefine the conditional styles since only the user knows thelayout of the module. This implies that responsive modulescannot be encapsulated (i.e., that modules cannot performtheir task by themselves), which is important for reusabil-ity and reduced complexity. This is due to the limitationof CSS media queries that elements can only be condition-ally styled by the document root and device properties. Inorder to create encapsulated responsive modules, elementsmust be able to be conditionally styled by element propertycriteria, which is known as element queries.Participants of the main international standards orga-nization for the web, the W3C, are interested in solving theproblem and possible solutions are being discussed. How-ever, they are still at the initial planning stage so a solutionwill not be implemented natively in the near future. Addi-tionally, implementing element queries imposes circularityand performance problems, which need to be resolved be-fore writing a standard.This thesis presents the issues that element queries im-pose to layout engines and shows some approaches to over-come the problems. In order to enable developers to createencapsulated responsive modules, while waiting for nativesupport, a third-party element queries JavaScript librarynamed ELQ has been developed. As presented in this the-sis, the library provides both performance and usage advan-tages to other related libraries. An optimized subsystem fordetecting resize events of elements has been developed us-ing a leveled batch processor, which is significantly fasterthan similar systems. As part of the empirical evaluationof the developed library the Bootstrap framework has beenaltered to use element queries instead of media queries byaltering ~50 out of ~8500 lines of style code, which displaysone of the advantages of the library.
Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) alters E2F1/Rb pathways and utilizes the E2F1 transcription factor to express viral genes

Significance Human herpesvirus 6A (HHV-6A) and HHV-6B are prevalent viruses causing mild up to grave lethal diseases. Viruses modulate cell-cycle progression so as to use cellular replication machinery. The retinoblastoma (Rb) tumor suppressor protein represses the E2F1 transcription factor. This induces entry to the S phase, enabling efficient replication. Viruses employ different mechanisms modulating the Rb–E2F1 pathway. However, the mechanism(s) used by HHV-6 are unknown. We have found that HHV-6A infection induced Rb degradation while producing elevated levels of active E2F1 and DP1. Surprisingly, several cellular E2F target genes were not up-regulated, whereas active E2F1 was used to transcribe selected viral genes containing the E2F binding site in their promoters. These viral genes play significant roles in viral DNA synthesis. E2F transcription factors play pivotal roles in controlling the expression of genes involved in cell-cycle progression. Different viruses affect E2F1/retinoblastoma (Rb) interactions by diverse mechanisms releasing E2F1 from its suppressor Rb, enabling viral replication. We show that in T cells infected with human herpesvirus 6A (HHV-6A), the E2F1 protein and its cofactor DP1 increased, whereas the Rb protein underwent massive degradation without hyperphosphorylation at three sites known to control E2F/Rb association. Although E2F1 and DP1 increased without Rb suppression, the E2F1 target genes—including cyclin A, cyclin E, and dihydrofolate reductase—were not up-regulated. To test whether the E2F1/DP1 complexes were used for viral transcription, we scanned the viral genome for genes containing the E2F binding site in their promoters. In the present work, we concentrated on the U27 and U79 genes known to act in viral DNA synthesis. We constructed amplicon-6 vectors containing a GFP reporter gene driven by WT viral promoter or by promoter mutated in the E2F binding site. We found that the expression of the fusion U27 promoter was dependent on the presence of the E2F binding site. Test of the WT U79 promoter yielded >10-fold higher expression of the GFP reporter gene than the mutant U79 promoter with abrogated E2F binding site. Moreover, by using siRNA to E2F1, we found that E2F1 was essential for the activity of the U79 promoter. These findings revealed a unique pathway in HHV-6 replication: The virus causes Rb degradation and uses the increased E2F1 and DP1 factors to transcribe viral genes.
γδ T Cells Kill Plasmodium falciparum in a Granzyme- and Granulysin-Dependent Mechanism during the Late Blood Stage

Key Points γδ T cells expand and develop cytolytic potential in response to malaria cultures. γδ T cells inhibit parasite growth in a contact- and granzyme-dependent manner. Granulysin delivers granzyme B into RBCs to kill late-stage parasites. Plasmodium spp. , the causative agent of malaria, have a complex life cycle. The exponential growth of the parasites during the blood stage is responsible for almost all malaria-associated morbidity and mortality. Therefore, tight immune control of the intraerythrocytic replication of the parasite is essential to prevent clinical malaria. Despite evidence that the particular lymphocyte subset of γδ T cells contributes to protective immunity during the blood stage in naive hosts, their precise inhibitory mechanisms remain unclear. Using human PBMCs, we confirmed in this study that γδ T cells specifically and massively expanded upon activation with Plasmodium falciparum culture supernatant. We also demonstrate that these activated cells gain cytolytic potential by upregulating cytotoxic effector proteins and IFN-γ. The killer cells bound to infected RBCs and killed intracellular P. falciparum via the transfer of the granzymes, which was mediated by granulysin in a stage-specific manner. Several vital plasmodial proteins were efficiently destroyed by granzyme B, suggesting proteolytic degradation of these proteins as essential in the lymphocyte-mediated death pathway. Overall, these data establish a granzyme- and granulysin-mediated innate immune mechanism exerted by γδ T cells to kill late-stage blood-residing P. falciparum.