Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Positive matrix factorization applied to a curve resolution problem

Positive matrix factorization (PMF) is a least squares approach to factor analysis which was originally developed for environmental data analysis and has been applied to several problems in resolving sources of environmental pollutants. PMF has been used as both a two‐way and three‐way data analysis tool. In this investigation, three‐way data arrays were used to explore the ability of PMF in curve resolution. Pulsed gradient spin echo (PGSE) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data were measured for spectral mixtures where the concentrations of the compounds decay exponentially. Three‐way data arrays were constructed by packing different parts of the data from single experiments and were analyzed with three‐way PMF to obtain the NMR spectra, decay profiles and the self‐diffusion coefficients of constituents. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Corner transfer matrices and quantum affine algebras

We consider corner transfer matrices of the six-vertex model and of its spin-l/2 generalizations, truncated to a finite lattice, in the anti-ferromagnetic regime. We show that, in the sense of finite size approximation, the low-lying eigenvectors approximate weight vectors of a level-l highest weight Uq (sl2) module, whilst the truncated corner transfer matrices approximate the role of a derivation operator. Our method is to first use the theory of the crystal base to prove the result exactly at q=0, and then extend to q not=0. We also consider the relationship between truncated corner transfer matrices, the vertex operator construction of Frenkel and Reshetikhin (1992), and Baxter's original argument for the properties of CTMs (1976).
Unilateral Orbitopathy Caused by Skull Base Chordoid Meningioma

Chordoid meningioma (CM) makes up only 1% of all meningiomas. Most cases of this variant are locally aggressive, have high growth potential, and are likely to recur. Although CMs are known to be invasive, they rarely extend into the retro-orbital space. Herein, we report a case of a central skull base CM in a 78-year-old woman whose only manifestation was unilateral proptosis with impaired vision resulting from the tumor extending into the retro-orbital space through the superior orbital fissure. The diagnosis was confirmed by analysis of specimens collected during endoscopic orbital surgery, which simultaneously relieved the protruding eye and restored the patient’s visual acuity by decompressing the oppressed orbit. This rare presentation of CM reminds physicians there may be lesions outside the orbit that can cause unilateral orbitopathy and that endoscopic orbital surgery can be used to confirm its diagnosis as well as treat it.
Analysis of Jamming Effects in IRS Assisted UAV Dual-Hop FSO Communication Systems

In this paper, we investigate the effects of jamming caused by a malicious unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) on the performance of a free-space optical (FSO) communication system using a legitimate UAV as a relay and utilizing an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) to improve the coverage. We statistically characterize the combined effects of the three impairments on the performance of the considered system: atmospheric turbulence (AT), pointing error (PE), and angle of arrival (AoA) fluctuation of both the UAVs. Incorporating the aforementioned effects, closed-form expressions of the overall average bit error rate (ABER) and outage probability (OP) for the considered system are derived. We also present a comprehensive study of the proposed system by considering different locations of the malicious UAV jammer and IRS and draw some interesting conclusions. Useful insights into the system performance are obtained through the asymptotic analysis. Furthermore, the analytically derived expressions are verified through Monte-Carlo simulations.
Comparison of the Infrared Surface Emissivity Model (ISEM) with a Physical Emissivity Model

Abstract Accurate models of surface emissivity are important for interpreting satellite radiance observations. Surface emissivity depends on the satellite zenith angle, roughness, polarization, and refractive index of the surface. The effects of the roughness parameter on emissivity have not been studied thoroughly. By using an infrared geostationary satellite observation and a physical model based on the radiative transfer equation, the forward emissivity model and physical emissivity model are validated in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. First, the unpolarized emissivity at a given view angle and a wavelength of 10.8 μm in the thermal infrared spectral region is decomposed for the clear sky. The refractive index of the sea surface is quantitatively retrieved using the inversion of Fresnel equations. The refractive index of the sea surface derived from the physical emissivity exhibits a reasonable range within the infrared wavelength. The result of this investigation can be applied to the land emissivity.
Shifts in Narrative Perspectives Consume Attentional Resources and Facilitate Reading Engagement

ABSTRACT Purpose The use of attentional resources is an important cognitive indicator of reading engagement but it is unknown how this is influenced by linguistic cues. We designed two experiments to investigate whether shifts in narrative perspectives occupy more of the attention of readers and engage them more in the text. Methods Experiment 1 employed a dual-task paradigm to explore how shifts in narrative perspective influence the attention that readers allocate to the text. Experiment 2 used the same methods but replaced sentences with whole chapters to examine the effects of shifted perspectives on readers’ ability to allocate attention and engage in reading. Results Experiment 1 found that shifts in perspective delayed the participants’ responses to the tones. Experiment 2 found that perspective shifts enhanced the participants’ self-reported attentional focus and overall reading engagement. The results of Experiment 1 were not replicated by Experiment 2 but both experiments found that attentional engagement was deeper at the initial than the later stage of reading. Conclusion Perspective shifts in novels constitute valid language cues that can fully utilize readers’ attentional resources and improve their engagement in reading. Attentional resources play a more important role when readers initially process texts than at later stages.
Interactions between particulate organic matter and dissolved organic matter in a weak dynamic bay revealed by stable isotopes and optical properties

Few studies have incorporated the tools of stable isotopes and optical properties to study the biogeochemical process of organic matter (OM), including particulate organic matter (POM) and dissolved organic matter (DOM), which prevents our comprehension of the interactions between POM and DOM in the marine environment. In this study, the origin, distribution, and fate of POM and DOM in Tieshangang Bay, a weak dynamic bay were investigated by measuring δ13C and δ15N of POM, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and absorption and fluorescence of DOM (CDOM and FDOM). In the upper bay, POM source was mainly originated from terrestrial discharge, whereas the high fluorescence index (FI) indicated that external aquatic organism activity dominated DOM sources. In contrast, in the outer bay, the slightly increased δ13C and enriched δ15N of POM and enhanced fluorescence intensities of protein-like DOM components indicated the considerable contributions of the in situ biological activities to OM. A net addition of DOC and optical components of DOM occurred in both the upper and outer bays. The decomposition of terrestrial POM was responsible for the addition of DOM due to the weak dynamics in the upper bay, whereas the enhanced primary production and the strong decomposition of freshly produced POM jointly contributed to the addition of DOM in the outer bay. Our study suggests that hydrodynamics regulate the biogeochemistry and interactions of POM and DOM in the weak dynamic bay.
A Temperature Compensated Voltage Controlled Relaxation Oscillator for Frequency Modulated DC-DC Charge Pump Regulation

Relaxation oscillators with wide dynamic range are required for low power frequency modulated switch mode DC-DC regulator designs. In this brief, a temperature compensation technique with variable threshold control for Voltage Controlled Relaxation Oscillator (VCRO) is presented. The voltage to current conversion circuit reduces the drift in the frequency gain across temperature by introducing a PMOS-NMOS current gain compensation scheme. The current gain circuit also allows absolute control on the minimum value of control voltage after which VCRO starts doing voltage to frequency conversion. This restricts the amplifier to go out of saturation which is inherently generating the control voltage for VCRO. Measurement results show that across temperature range of −40 °C to 150 °C, the oscillator achieves a temperature stability of 187 ppm/°C at 18MHz and 171 ppm/°C at 92.5MHz respectively. Implemented in 90nm process node, it occupies $57~\mu m \times 32~\mu m$ area while dissipating 2.61 nW/KHz from a 1.5V supply.
Analysis of pinning in the linear AC response of anisotropic superconductors in oblique magnetic fields

The linear ac response of a pinned vortex system in uniaxial anisotropic superconductors is studied. The physical model for the interpretation of electrical transport experiments in the linear regime with arbitrary angles between the applied magnetic field, the applied current, and the anisotropy axis is provided. In particular, the pinning constant (also known as Labusch parameter) and Campbell resistivity tensors are derived for arbitrary orientations. The applicability to the various tensor quantities of the well-known angular scaling laws for the angular dependence on the field orientation in uniaxial superconductors is commented. Examples of data analysis based on the present results are provided.
Early career scientists converse on the future of soft robotics

During the recent decade, we have witnessed an extraordinary flourishing of soft robotics. Rekindled interest in soft robots is partially associated with the advances in manufacturing techniques that enable the fabrication of sophisticated multi-material robotic bodies with dimensions ranging across multiple length scales. In recent manuscripts, a reader might find peculiar-looking soft robots capable of grasping, walking, or swimming. However, the growth in publication numbers does not always reflect the real progress in the field since many manuscripts employ very similar ideas and just tweak soft body geometries. Therefore, we unreservedly agree with the sentiment that future research must move beyond “soft for soft’s sake. ” Soft robotics is an undoubtedly fascinating field, but it requires a critical assessment of the limitations and challenges, enabling us to spotlight the areas and directions where soft robots will have the best leverage over their traditional counterparts. In this perspective paper, we discuss the current state of robotic research related to such important aspects as energy autonomy, electronic-free logic, and sustainability. The goal is to critically look at perspectives of soft robotics from two opposite points of view provided by early career researchers and highlight the most promising future direction, that is, in our opinion, the employment of soft robotic technologies for soft bio-inspired artificial organs.
A service load interval prediction method for cloud-edge collaborations based on type identification and SVMs

Service load prediction is a critical basis of cloud-edge autonomous collaborations which mainly considers the rapid response of tasks and load balancing of multiple terminals. Traditional load forecasting is usually in the form of point estimation with a relatively high variance. Frequent changes in point estimation may lead to scheduling errors and waste of resources, thus is not suitable for application scenarios of cloud-edge collaborations. To solve these problems, this paper proposed a service load interval prediction method for cloud-edge collaborations based on type identification and SVMs. The main function of the proposed method is to provide the upper and lower bounds of load forecasting suitable for cloud side collaborations with stronger adaptability to load changes. It mainly includes four steps: service load type identification, load history data interval construction, parameter optimization of SVM, and load interval prediction. This paper takes three types of cloud-edge collaborative tasks in robot target tracking (visual location, target analysis, route planning) as examples, and carried out a large number of experiments to verify the effectiveness of this method. The result shows that it outperforms traditional methods in normalized interval proportion of average width and comprehensive width coverage to a great extent.
Towards an Understanding of Large-Scale Biodiversity Patterns on Land and in the Sea

Simple Summary Among such questions as the origin of the universe or the biological bases of consciousness, understanding the origin and arrangement of planetary biodiversity is one of the 25 most important scientific enigmas according to the American journal Science (2005). This review presents a recent theory called the ‘macroecological theory on the arrangement of life’ (METAL). METAL proposes that biodiversity is strongly influenced by the climate and the environment in a deterministic manner. This influence mainly occurs through the interactions between the environment and the ecological niche of species sensu Hutchinson (i.e., the range of species tolerance when several factors are taken simultaneously). The use of METAL in the context of global change biology has been presented elsewhere. In this review, I explain how the niche–environment interaction generates a mathematical constraint on the arrangement of biodiversity, a constraint called the great chessboard of life. The theory explains (i) why biodiversity is generally higher toward low-latitude regions, (ii) why biodiversity peaks at the equator in the terrestrial realm and why it peaks at mid-latitudes in the oceans, and finally (iii) why there are more terrestrial than marine species, despite the fact that life first appeared in the marine environment. Abstract This review presents a recent theory named ‘macroecological theory on the arrangement of life’ (METAL). This theory is based on the concept of the ecological niche and shows that the niche-environment (including climate) interaction is fundamental to explain many phenomena observed in nature from the individual to the community level (e.g., phenology, biogeographical shifts, and community arrangement and reorganisation, gradual or abrupt). The application of the theory in climate change biology as well as individual and species ecology has been presented elsewhere. In this review, I show how METAL explains why there are more species at low than high latitudes, why the peak of biodiversity is located at mid-latitudes in the oceanic domain and at the equator in the terrestrial domain, and finally why there are more terrestrial than marine species, despite the fact that biodiversity has emerged in the oceans. I postulate that the arrangement of planetary biodiversity is mathematically constrained, a constraint we previously called ‘the great chessboard of life’, which determines the maximum number of species that may colonise a given region or domain. This theory also makes it possible to reconstruct past biodiversity and understand how biodiversity could be reorganised in the context of anthropogenic climate change.
Fluktuasi Harga Saham Batu Bara: Peran Faktor Spesifik dan Makroekonomi

This study aims to analyze the effect of specific faktor (profitability, leverage, EPS) and makroeconomic factor (inflation , PDB) on the variable stock price. Using the financial reports of mining companies in the coal company, we take specific factor data (profitability/ROA, leverage/DER), EPS), Macroeconomic factor (Inflation, PDB) and stock price (closing price) from 10 companies, which were selected as samples, from 2011 to 2020. Data was analyzed using the Regression analysis panel data method. The results show that ROA, DER, EPS, Inflation, PDB affect changes in stock prices. The implication of this research is to provide knowledge to investors about the importance of knowing the company’s financial performance. Companies with good financial performance will easily develop because there are sufficient funds for company operations. By analyzing financial ratios, investors can get signals to decide whether to invest in the company they want.
Review lecture: Ten years of X-ray interferometry

X-ray interferometers were the first optical instruments which utilized many Bragg reflecting components in monolithic blocks of perfect crystal. They have made important contributions to our knowledge of fundamental constants, of Bragg reflexion X-ray optics, of strains and defects in crystals and of the optical constants of materials in the X-ray region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Based on an oversimplified optical analogue, their mode of operation is described in detail. Current applications of crystal interferometers and possible future work is briefly reviewed.
Low-dose vs. standard-dose alteplase for Chinese patients with acute ischemic stroke: A propensity score analysis

Background and purpose Previous studies have stimulated debates on low-dose alteplase administration in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) among the Asian population. We sought to evaluate the safety and efficacy of low-dose alteplase in Chinese patients with AIS using a real-world registry. Methods We analyzed data from the Shanghai Stroke Service System. Patients receiving alteplase intravenous thrombolysis within 4.5 hours were included. These patients were divided into the low-dose alteplase group (0.55–0.65 mg/kg) and the standard-dose alteplase group (0.85–0.95 mg/kg). Baseline imbalances were adjusted by using the propensity score matching. The primary outcome was mortality or disability, which was defined as the modified Rankin scale (mRS) score ranging from 2 to 6 at discharge. The secondary outcomes were in-hospital mortality, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) and functional independence (mRS score 0–2). Results From January 2019 to December 2020, a total of 1,334 patients were enrolled and 368 (27.6%) were treated with low-dose alteplase. The median age of the patients was 71 years, and 38.8% were female. Our study showed that the low-dose group had significantly higher rates of death or disability (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.12, 1.98]) and less functional independence (aOR = 0.71, 95%CI [0.52, 0.97]) than the standard-dose group. There was no significant difference in sICH or in-hospital mortality between the standard-dose and low-dose alteplase groups. Conclusions Low-dose alteplase was related to a poor functional outcome without lowering the risk of sICH, compared with standard-dose alteplase for AIS patients in China.
Leaky Lamb waves in fibrous composite laminates

Results of experimental measurements and theoretical calculations on ultrasonic leaky Lamb‐wave propagation in fiber‐reinforced, unidirectional composite laminates are presented. With the Lamb wave vector oriented parallel to the fiber direction, dispersion curves of phase velocity versus frequency and plate thickness have been constructed from measurements of ultrasonic reflection from fluid‐loaded composite plates. The experimental results are supported by a theoretical model of Lamb‐wave propagation in the composite plate. The model begins with an approximate calculation of the effective, homogeneous, transversely isotropic elastic behavior of a unidirectional composite laminate in the long‐wavelength limit, using a two‐step procedure based on alternating layered media. This intermediate continuum result is then incorporated into a calculation of the ultrasonic reflection coefficient of a fluid‐loaded anisotropic plate, which is assumed to approximate the fibrous composite laminate. Good quantitative a.
Book Review: The Rage of Innocence: How America Criminalizes Black Youth

Collins, Patricia H. 2000. Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment. New York: Routledge. Luna, Zakiya and Pirtle, Whitney N. L. 2022. Black Feminist Sociology: Perspectives and Praxis. NY: Routledge. Tillman, Korey, Dickens, David R. , and Herbison, C.C. 2023. Neglected Social Theorists of Color: Deconstructing the Margins. MD: Lexington Books. Wright II, Earl. 2017. The First American School of Sociology: W.E. B. Du Bois and the Atlanta Sociological Laboratory. New York: Routledge. Feagin, Joe R. , Hernan, Vera, and Ducey, Kimberley. Liberation Sociology. 3rd ed. New York: Routledge, 2015.
Evaluation of photon-counting spectral breast tomosynthesis

We have designed a mammography system that for the first time combines photon-counting spectral imaging with tomosynthesis. The present study is a comprehensive physical evaluation of the system; tomosynthesis, spectral imaging, and the combination of both are compared using an ideal-observer model that takes anatomical noise into account. Predictions of signal and noise transfer through the system are verified by contrast measurements on a tissue phantom and 3D measurements of MTF and NPS. Clinical images acquired with the system are discussed in view of the model predictions.
GSM-MRF based classification approach for real-time moving object detection

Statistical and contextual information are typically used to detect moving regions in image sequences for a fixed camera. In this paper, we propose a fast and stable linear discriminant approach based on Gaussian Single Model (GSM) and Markov Random Field (MRF). The performance of GSM is analyzed first, and then two main improvements corresponding to the drawbacks of GSM are proposed: the latest filtered data based update scheme of the background model and the linear classification judgment rule based on spatial-temporal feature specified by MRF. Experimental results show that the proposed method runs more rapidly and accurately when compared with other methods.
Diffusion Equation versus Coupled Langevin Equations Approach to Hydrodynamics of Dilute Polymer Solutions

We discuss the connection between the two approaches to the hydrodynamics of dilute polymer solutions: The conventional diffusion equation approach and the recently developed coupled Langevin equations approach. The purpose of this contribution is to show how the rather disjointedly working scientific communities using these two approaches can mutually benefit from the methods, insights, and results of each other.