Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enriched geometric simplification of linear features

Polyline geometries are used to represent linear features, such as roads, rivers and pipelines on maps. The generalization process results in a polyline that represents the feature either at a different resolution or different scale from the original geometries. In addition, the simplification process may result in losing the geometric properties associated with the intermediate points on the original geometries. These intermediate points can contain attributes or characteristics depending on the application domain. For example, points on the road network can contain information about accumulated length of the road, positional velocity, speed limit or accumulated gas consumption. This paper involves implementing the SELF (Semantically Enriched Line simpliFication) data structure to preserve the length attributes associated with individual points on actual linear features [Stefanakis 2015]. The number of points to be stored in the SELF structure is optimized by applying alternative compression techniques.
Health Workforce Remuneration: comparing wage levels, ranking and dispersion of 16 occupational groups in 20 countries using survey data

7 1. BACKGROUND . 9 2. METHODS.11 2.1. Data . 11 2.2. Defi ning health sector occupations . 12 2.3. Selecting the countries . 13 2.4. Defi ning wages . 14 3. RESULTS . 17 3.1. Wage rankings of occupations across countries . 17 3.2. Wage dispersion within countries . 19 3.3. Wage levels across countries . 20 4. DISCUSSION . 23 5. CONCLUSIONS . 25 ABBREVIATIONS . 27 REFERENCES . 29 APPENDIX . 31 AIAS WORKING PAPERS . 39 INFORMATION ABOUT AIAS . 47
Spin Superfluidity of a Bose Gas Mixture at Finite Temperature

The spin-dipole oscillation of a harmonically trapped Bose-Einstein condensed binary mixture of sodium atoms is investigated at finite temperature. We report experimental evidence for the occurrence of oscillating spin supercurrents, also in the presence of a large thermal component. While the condensate always exhibits the spin oscillation, the thermal component behaves differently, depending on whether the system is in the collisionless or collisional regime. In the former case, the thermal component is driven by the mean field interaction with the condensate and oscillates with the same frequency but opposite phase. In the collisional regime, the thermal component of the spin current is instead damped due to spin drag. We also measure the static polarizability of the condensed and thermal parts and we find a large increase of the polarizability of the condensate with respect to the T = 0 value, in agreement with the predictions of theory.
Investigating the Effectiveness of Peer Code Review in Distributed Software Development

Code review is a potential means of improving software quality. To be effective, it depends on different factors, and many have been investigated in the literature to identify the scenarios in which it adds quality to the final code. However, factors associated with distributed software development, which is becoming increasingly common, have been little explored. Geographic distance can impose additional challenges to the reviewing process. We thus in this paper present the results of a quantitative study of the effectiveness of code review in a distributed software project involving 201 members. We investigate factors that can potentially influence the outcomes of peer code review. Our results show that a high number of changed lines of code tends to increase the review duration with a reduced number of messages, while the number of involved teams, locations, and participant reviewers generally improve reviewer contributions, but with a severe penalty to the duration.
3D-to-4D Structures: an Exploration in Biomedical Applications

3D printing is a cutting-edge technique for manufacturing pharmaceutical drugs (Spritam), polypills (guaifenesin), nanosuspension (folic acid), and hydrogels (ibuprofen) with limitations like the choice of materials, restricted size of manufacturing, and design errors at lower and higher dimensions. In contrast, 4D printing represents an advancement on 3D printing, incorporating active materials like shape memory polymers and liquid crystal elastomers enabling printed objects to change shape in response to stimuli. 4D printing offers numerous benefits, including greater printing capacity, higher manufacturing efficiency, improved quality, lower production costs, reduced carbon footprint, and the ability to produce a wider range of products with greater potential. Recent examples of 4D printing advancements in the clinical setting include the development of artificial intravesicular implants for bladder disorders, 4D-printed hearts for transplant, splints for tracheobronchomalacia, microneedles for tissue wound healing, hydrogel capsules for ulcers, and theragrippers for anticancer drug delivery. This review highlights the advantages of 4D printing over 3D printing, recent applications in manufacturing smart pharmaceutical drug delivery systems with localized action, lower incidence of drug administration, and better patient compliance. It is recommended to conduct substantial research to further investigate the development and applicability of 4D printing in the future.
Generating Symmetric Composition Methods through Memetic Algorithms

A new method for generating symmetric composition methods is presented which is based on the minimization of the truncation error terms. To properly tackle this mini- mization task, Memetic Algorithms are used which are population based search algorithms for global optimization. The possible solutions attained by the population of Memetic Algorithms are coe-cients of the symmetric composition methods which are evolved in order to minimize and through this to vanish their truncation errors to a certain order. We produce a sixth order method of this type with eleven stages. Numerical test justifles the efiort.
Origin of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in Co/Ni multilayers and their use in STT-RAM

Magnetic properties of (111)-textured SAF/Cu/FL multilayer film structures were optimized by varying individual layer thickness and sputtering conditions. The SAF is a synthetic antiferromagnet consisting of Co/Ni multilayers coupled antiferromagnetically across a Ru spacer layer, and the FL is a free layer consisting of a single Co/Ni multilayer. The Co and Ni thicknesses were varied to obtain larger perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. The perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, saturation magnetization, damping and zero-frequency line broadening of the Co/Ni multilayers strongly depend on the number of bilayers. With increasing Cu seed-layer thickness, the texture of the Co/Ni multilayers improves while the grain size and film roughness increase. The increase in grain size results in the reduction of the direct exchange coupling between magnetic grains, which enhances the coercivity of the SAF and the FL. Experimentally measured coercivities of the SAF and FL are compared with calculations obtained from a coherent rotation model. The effect of the role of the Co/Cu interface in the magnetoresistance, is also discussed. Spin-transfer-torque induced switching is investigated in 200 nm diameter circularly shaped, perpendicular magnetized nanopillars. The SAF layer is used as a reference layer to minimize the dipolar field on the free layer. The use of Pt and Pd was avoided to lower the spinorbit scattering in magnetic layers and intrinsic damping in the free layer, and therefore, reduce the critical current required for spin-transfer-torque switching. In zero magnetic field the critical current required to switch the free layer from the parallel to antiparallel (antiparallel to parallel) alignment is 5.2 mA (4.9 mA). Given the volume of the free layer, VFL = 1.01×10−22 m3, the switching efficiency, Ic/(VFL ×μ0Hc), is 5.28×1020 A/Tm3, twice as efficient as any previously reported device with a similar structure. Variation in perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of (111) textured Au/N× [Co/Ni]/Au films as a function of number of bilayer repeats N is studied. The experimental measurements show that the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of Co/Ni multilayers first increases with N for N ≤ 10 and then moderately decreases for N > 10. The model we propose reveals that the decrease of the anisotropy for N < 10 is predominantly due to the reduction in the magnetoelastic and magnetocrystalline anisotropies. A moderate decrease in the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy for N > 10 is due to the reduction in the magnetocrystalline and the surface anisotropies.
Lab on Fiber Technology for biological sensing applications

This review presents an overview of “Lab on Fiber” technologies and devices with special focus on the design and development of advanced fiber optic nanoprobes for biological applications. Depending on the specific location where functional materials at micro and nanoscale are integrated, “Lab on Fiber Technology” is classified into three main paradigms: Lab on Tip (where functional materials are integrated onto the optical fiber tip), Lab around Fiber (where functional materials are integrated on the outer surface of optical fibers), and Lab in Fiber (where functional materials are integrated within the holey structure of specialty optical fibers).
Community Leaders' Perceptions of University and College Efforts to Encourage Civic Engagement

This article examines the linkage between experiential educational programs that emphasize civic engagement and the activities of local governmental and nonprofit organizations. While leaders of governments and organizations have only irregular contacts with higher education programs that might encourage civic engagement and leaders perceive a diverse range of benefits and costs associated with student service and assistance, still they perceive that students' involvement in collective organizations can change their sense of civic engagement in meaningful ways.
Nonparametric changepoint analysis for bernoulli random variables based on neural networks

In many medical, financial, industrial, e.t. c. applications of statistics, the model parameters may undergo changes at unknown moment of time. In this thesis, we consider change point analysis in a regression setting for dichotomous responses, i.e. they can be modeled as Bernoulli or 0-1 variables. Applications are widespread including credit scoring in financial statistics and dose-response relations in biometry. The model parameters are estimated using neural network method. We show that the parameter estimates are identifiable up to a given family of transformations and derive the consistency and asymptotic normality of the network parameter estimates using the results in Franke and Neumann Franke Neumann (2000). We use a neural network based likelihood ratio test statistic to detect a change point in a given set of data and derive the limit distribution of the estimator using the results in Gombay and Horvath (1994,1996) under the assumption that the model is properly specified. For the misspecified case, we develop a scaled test statistic for the case of one-dimensional parameter. Through simulation, we show that the sample size, change point location and the size of change influence change point detection. In this work, the maximum likelihood estimation method is used to estimate a change point when it has been detected. Through simulation, we show that change point estimation is influenced by the sample size, change point location and the size of change. We present two methods for determining the change point confidence intervals: Profile log-likelihood ratio and Percentile bootstrap methods. Through simulation, the Percentile bootstrap method is shown to be superior to profile log-likelihood ratio method.
Sparse and low-rank approximations of large symmetric matrices using biharmonic interpolation

Symmetric matrices are widely used in machine learning problems such as kernel machines and manifold learning. Using large datasets often requires computing low-rank approximations of these symmetric matrices so that they fit in memory. In this paper, we present a novel method based on biharmonic interpolation for low-rank matrix approximation. The method exploits knowledge of the data manifold to learn an interpolation operator that approximates values using a subset of randomly selected landmark points. This operator is readily sparsified, reducing memory requirements by at least two orders of magnitude without significant loss in accuracy. We show that our method can approximate very large datasets using twenty times more landmarks than other methods. Further, numerical results suggest that our method is stable even when numerical difficulties arise for other methods.
Form-meaning correspondences in multiple dimensions: The structure of Hungarian finite clauses

Abstract The paper combines the assumptions of Langacker’s Cognitive Grammar, Halliday’s Systemic Functional Grammar and Dependency Grammar, arguing for an analysis of clauses as multi-dimensional networks. The semantic pole of each dimension is a network of semantic relations, which stands in correspondence to formal aspects of clause structure such as case morphology, word order and prosody. The proposed approach is applied to the study of core phenomena of Hungarian. The D1 dimension of Hungarian finite clauses is concerned with frame semantic (“thematic”) relations and their coding (primarily by morphology) on the formal side. The D2 and D3 dimensions pertain to speech function and contextualization, respectively, with the semantic relations marked by word order and prosody. It is hoped that the proposed account of Hungarian may inform both cross-linguistic comparisons and theory development in cognitive linguistics.
Leishmania Resistance to Miltefosine Associated with Genetic Marker

4. Simser JA, Palmer AT, Fingerle V, Wilske B, Kurtti TJ, Munderloh UG. Rickettsia monacensis sp. nov., a spotted fever group Rickettsia, from ticks (Ixodes ricinus) collected in a European city park. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2002;68:4559–66. http:// dx.doi. org/10.1128/AEM.68. 9.45594566. 2002 5. Sréter-Lancz Z, Sréter T, Széll Z, Egyed L. Molecular evidence of Rickettsia helvetica and R. monacensis infections in Ixodes ricinus from Hungary. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2005;99:325–30. http:// dx.doi. org/10.1179/136485905X28027 6. Chmielewski T, Podsiadly E, Karbowiak G, Tylewska-Wierzbanowska S. Rickettsia spp. in ticks, Poland. Emerg Infect Dis. 2009;15:486–8. http://dx.doi. org/10.3201/ eid1503.080711 7. Jado I, Oteo JA, Aldámiz M, Gil H, Escudero R, Ibarra V, et al. Rickettsia monacensis and human disease, Spain. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007;13:1405–7. 8. Paris DH, Blacksell SD, Stenos J, Graves SR, Unsworth NB, Phetsouvanh R, et al. Real-time multiplex PCR assay for detection and differentiation of rickettsiae and orientiae. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2008;102:186–93. http://dx.doi. org/ 10.1016/j.trstmh. 2007.11. 001 9. Zhang L, Jin J, Fu X, Raoult D, Fournier PE. Genetic differentiation of Chinese isolates of Rickettsia sibirica by partial ompA gene sequencing and multispacer typing. J Clin Microbiol. 2006;44:2465–7. http:// dx.doi. org/10.1128/JCM.02272-05 10. Di Todaro N, Piazza C, Otranto D, Giangaspero A. Ticks infesting domestic animals in Italy: current acarological studies carried out in Sardinia and Basilicata regions. Parassitologia. 1999;41(Suppl 1): 39–40.
BOUNDEDNESS OF FOURIER MULTIPLIERS ASSOCIATED WITH THE AHARMONIC OSCILLATOR

In this paper we study the boundedness of the Fourier multipliers associated with the eigenfunctions expansions of the aharmonic oscillator. Using the notion of a global symbol we extend a classical condition of Hörmander to guarantee the L-L boundedness of operators for the range 1 < p ≤ 2 ≤ q < ∞. As a consequence, we obtain a boundedness of spectral multipliers of the aharmonic oscillator. We apply it to get embedding theorems and time asymptotic for the L-L norms of heat kernels for the aharmonic oscillator. We acquire our main objective by investigating Paley-type inequality and the Hausdorff-Young-Paley-type inequality in this context. We also prove the r-nuclearity of functions of the aharmonic oscillator on modulation spaces and present a trace formula. MSC 2010. Primary 42B15; 58J40; Secondary 47B10; 47G30; 35P10.
Novel Algorithms For Clustering

Clustering is a method for discovering structure in data, widely used across many scientific disciplines. The two main clustering problems this dissertation considers are K-means and K-medoids. These are NP-hard problems in the number of samples and clusters, and both have well studied heuristic approximation algorithms. An example is Lloyd’s algorithm for K-means, which is so widely used that it has become synonymous with the problem it attempts to solve. A large part of this dissertation is about accelerating Lloyd’s algorithm, and its mini-batch and K-medoids variants. The basic tool used to achieve these accelerations is the triangle inequality, which can be applied in a multitude of ways to eliminate costly distance calculations between data samples, as well as to reduce the number of comparisons of these distances. The first effective use of the triangle inequality to accelerate K-means was by Elkan [2003], with novel refinements appearing more recently in Hamerly [2010]. In Chapter 1 we extend these approaches. First, we show that by using centers stored from previous iterations, one can greatly reduce the number of sample-center distance computations, with substantial improvements in algorithm execution time. We then present an improvement over previous triangle inequality based algorithms for low-dimensions, which uses inter-center distances in a novel way. Chapter 2 considers the use of the triangle inequality to accelerate the mini-batch variant of Lloyd’s algorithm [Sculley, 2010]. The main difficulty of incorporating triangle inequality bounding in this setting is that clusters can move significantly during the iterations in which a sample is unused, which makes triangle inequality bounding ineffective. We propose a modified sampling scheme to reduce the length of these periods of dormancy, and present an algorithm which achieves an order of magnitude acceleration over the standard mini-batch algorithm. We then turn attention to the K-medoids problem. In Chapter 3 we focus on the specific problem of determining the medoid of a set. With N samples in Rd, we present a simple algorithm of complexity O(N3/2) to determine the medoid. It is the first sub-quadratic algorithm for this problem when d > 1. The algorithm makes use of the triangle inequality to eliminate all but O(N1/2) samples as potential medoid candidates. Finally, in Chapter 4 we compare different K-medoids algorithms, and find that clarans [Ng and Han, 1994], which iteratively replaces randomly selected centers with non-centers, avoids the local minima of other popular K-medoids algorithms. This motivates the use
Algebraic properties of HTC-identifiable
graphs

In this paper, we explore some algebraic properties of linear structural equation modelsthat can be represented by an HTC-identifiable graph. In particular, we prove that all mixedgraphs are HTC-identifiable if and only if all the regression coefficients can be recovered fromthe covariance matrix using straightforward linear algebra operations. We also find a set ofpolynomials that generates the ideal that encompasses all the equality constraints of the modelon the cone of positive definite matrices. We further prove that this set of polynomials are theminimal generators of said ideal for a subset of HTC-identifiable graphs.
ACA Exchange Competitiveness in California

California's implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) has been the most successful in the nation and is, in many ways, a model of how a managed competition marketplace is expected to work. In particular, the state's decision to structure its marketplace as an active purchaser has contributed to premium increases that are lower than in almost all other states. This report on the performance of the ACA marketplace in California examines the effects of concentration and consolidation factors, the breadth of enrollment, and the impact of competition on the cost of health insurance and the options available to consumers across the many diverse regions of the state, in the context of an active purchaser exchange structure interacting with the regulations of federal law and with local market dynamics. It concludes that the relative concentrations of insurers and particularly of providers in the different rating regions of the state are the fundamentals that matter most in the effort to bend the health insurance cost curve.
Model of inter-cell interference phenomenon in 10 nm magnetic tunnel junction with perpendicular anisotropy array due to oscillatory stray field from neighboring cells

In this paper, we propose a new model of inter-cell interference phenomenon in a 10 nm magnetic tunnel junction with perpendicular anisotropy (p-MTJ) array and investigated the interference effect between a program cell and unselected cells due to the oscillatory stray field from neighboring cells by Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert micromagnetic simulation. We found that interference brings about a switching delay in a program cell and excitation of magnetization precession in unselected cells even when no programing current passes through. The origin of interference is ferromagnetic resonance between neighboring cells. During the interference period, the precession frequency of the program cell is 20.8 GHz, which synchronizes with that of the theoretical precession frequency f = γHeff in unselected cells. The disturbance strength of unselected cells decreased to be inversely proportional to the cube of the distance from the program cell, which is in good agreement with the dependence of stray field on the distance from the program cell calculated by the dipole approximation method.
ECOSySTEM-BASEd SpATIAL pLANNINg ANd MANAgEMENT OF MARINE FIShERIES: Why ANd hOW?

In a 2009 paper by Worm et al., fisheries biologists and conservation biologists found common ground in recommending spatial planning to benefit marine fisheries and biodiversity. Frontiers on land and in the ocean have few users relative to resources; as this ratio increases, governance suitable to the frontier no longer works because people’s interests collide and biodiversity is lost. Increasing ocean uses and troubled fisheries are reasons to shift to ecosystem-based marine spatial planning and management, which reflect patterns and processes of both fish and people. protecting places can eliminate fragmentation, spatial and temporal mismatches caused by “siloed” sectoral management, where agencies that regulate different sectors in the same places largely ignore the needs of other sectors. Modern fishery management does not reflect the heterogeneity of fish populations and human uses. By reducing fishing mortality to zero, one spatial tool, marine reserves, restores large female fishes, which produce more eggs, and aids recovery of species in which females become males at larger sizes. Reserves can also maintain fishes’ genetic structure. Australia created the “gold standard” for marine spatial planning in great Barrier Reef Marine park, a mosaic of ecosystems with differing availability to fishing. Other nations are adopting this approach. Even the best spatial plans will have problems that cross ecosystem boundaries, but advantages accrue to fishermen who stay within designated areas and let fish come to them. Areas can be deliberately configured to improve both biodiversity conservation and fishery yields and to save on fishermen’s fuel costs.