Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A framework for evaluating Strike Limit Algorithms for populations reduced to small numbers

A generic framework is outlined within which operating models for populations reduced to low numbers but still subject to exploitation (‘type 3 fisheries’) can be developed. This framework is founded on an individual-based operating model that includes temporally correlated environmental variation in births and survival as well as the possibility of occasional catastrophic reductions in survival. Methods are developed to specify the value of the parameter that determines the productivity of the resource from that for MSYR, to enable simulation trials based on this framework to be parameterised in terms of MSYR. Three potential candidate Strike Limit Algorithms are evaluated using 14 ‘generic’ simulation trials that capture a range of factors pertinent to type 3 fishery situations. The ‘Maximum-likelihood-like’ SLA developed for use in the management of the Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort Seas stock of bowhead whales performs adequately for many of these 14 trials, but not all. In contrast, a variant of the ‘PBR approach’ is shown to perform adequately in terms of achieving conservation objectives for all of the trials. The information needed to specify trials for actual type 3 fishery situations is outlined.
A Robust Dynamic Game-Based Control Framework for Integrated Torque Vectoring and Active Front-Wheel Steering System

Distributed drive electric vehicles (DDEVs) eliminate the complex drivetrain. The independently driven in- wheel motors also endow the vehicle with more ability for improving maneuverability. To this end, this paper proposes an integrated control framework of torque vectoring (TV) and active front-wheel steering system (AFS) to ensure the vehicle lateral motion stability performance. First, the polytope method with finite vertices is employed to deal with the system uncertainties and simplify the modeling structure, based on which a distributed model predictive control is adopted to construct a dynamic interactive model between agents. Then, through introducing the game theory, a distributed parallel control scheme is developed to obtain the cooperative strategy of agents. Such a design can also satisfy the modular and scalable requirement for integrated chassis control. To ensure the system asymptotic stability, the terminal input combined with the terminal cost function are treated as the constraints in the game paradigm and then transformed as the linear matrix inequalities. Furthermore, a robust $\text{H}\infty $ compensation method is used to suppress the system disturbance. Finally, the hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) tests are conducted to assess the control performance. The results verify the proposed integrated control scheme is effective to enhance the vehicle handling stability.
Enabling Fast and Privacy-Preserving Broadcast Authentication With Efficient Revocation for Inter-Vehicle Connections

Many vehicular applications, especially safety-related ones, rely on spatial-temporal messages periodically broadcast by vehicles. In the absence of a secure authentication scheme, invalid spatial-temporal messages may be sent out by malicious vehicles. Meanwhile, malicious applications may also collect a lot of personal information from spatial-temporal messages. Since inter-vehicle connections are often deployed in high-moving traffic, any authentication must be implemented in real-time. To meet all these properties, we propose a Fast and Anonymous Spatial-Temporal Trust (FastTrust) scheme for inter-vehicle connections. In contrast to most authentication protocols which rely on fixed infrastructures, FastTrust is mostly designed on hash chains and an entropy-based commitment, and is able to secure periodic spatial-temporal messages. FastTrust also protects vehicles’ privacy by deploying a pseudonym-varying scheduling mechanism to satisfy the anonymity and unlinkability requirements. Finally, in order to efficiently isolate malicious vehicles, a lightweight certificate management scheme is proposed for the limited bandwidth of vehicular networks. We provide analytical evaluations to show that our FastTrust achieves the security and privacy properties. Extensive validations are done to show that FastTrust can authenticate dozens of times faster than the existing signature algorithms, and isolate malicious vehicles at a low cost in terms of communication and computational resources.
The Importance of the Diaphragm in Neuromotor Function in the Patient with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Abstract Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a constant and chronic narrowing of the respiratory airways, with numerous associated symptoms, not always related to the pathological adaptation of the lungs. Statistical projections show that COPD could become the third leading cause of death globally by 2030, with a significant increase in deaths by 2060. Skeletal muscle dysfunction, including the diaphragm, is one of the causes linked to the increase in mortality and hospitalization. Little emphasis is given by the scientific literature to the importance of the diaphragm towards functional neuromotor pathological expressions. The article reviews the adaptation of the skeletal muscles, with greater attention to the adaptations of the diaphragm, thereby highlighting the non-physiological variations that the main respiratory muscle undergoes and the neuromotor impairment found in COPD. The text could be an important reflection from a clinical and rehabilitation point of view, to direct greater attention to the function and adaptation of the diaphragm muscle.
Innovative Development of the Health Care Sector of the Future in the Conditions of Modern Challenges of the Covid-19 Coronavirus Infection in Ukraine

This article focuses on innovative development of Health Care Sector of the future in terms of modern challenges of the Covid-19 Coronavirus Infection in Ukraine Aims: To identify innovative healthcare delivery models that have been implemented in Ukraine as well as to evaluate their effectiveness in healthcare improvement of the access and delivery, availability and distribution of medical equipment and PPE, healthcare infrastructure, healthcare workforce development and retention, and development of healthcare information systems in Ukraine. Study design: In this study a mixed-approach strategy that combines quantitative and qualitative research methodologies was utilised. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted on patients, professionals’ healthcare establishment and policy maker stakeholders in Ukraine. It is a mix of different evaluations on the topic. Methodology: Surveys, interviews, and questionnaires were examples of data collecting tools. The research was conducted online, offline, or both means. Data analysis processes included both quantitative and qualitative methods. Results: Most countries adopted Beveridge principle-based health care system, which were 90% efficient and 98% pandemic resistant. Masks, gloves, and PPE were globally limited, and hospitals had 73, 35% medical equipment and 57% personal protective equipment in April 2020, but 32, 9% and 67,5% in December 2020 due to COVID-19 instances. In December 2020, hospital personnel rose from 85, 56% (Chernihiv region) to 94% to serve new COVID-19 patients (Kherson area). Technology, data analytics, AI, and the block chain may fix the coronavirus. Facebook is the finest example of using digital technology. Another example is to produce digital maps of population. Government efficiency and resources have powered pandemic responses. Conclusion: Ukraine must adopt new healthcare delivery methods and must stock and use medical and PPE. A strong, patient-centered healthcare system requires effective health finance. Healthcare professionals need ongoing training to stay. A hospital IT development initiative is needed to improve efficiency as Ukraine struggled with healthcare information systems during this pandemic.
Understanding Progestins: From Basics to Clinical Applicability

Progestin is a term used to describe a synthetic progestogen. The activity and potency of synthetic progestins are mostly evaluated via parameters associated with their endometrial effects, which are related to their interactions with progesterone, estrogen, androgen, glucocorticoid, and mineralocorticoid receptors. The chemical structure of progestins is the key to understanding their interactions with these receptors and predicting the other effects associated with these drugs. Due to their endometrial effect, progestins are used for different gynecological conditions, such as endometriosis, contraception, hormonal replacement therapy, and artificial reproduction techniques. This review is focused on improving our knowledge of progestins (from their history and biochemical effects related to their chemical structures to clinical applications in gynecological conditions) in order to improve clinical practice.
A new formal model for privilege control with supporting POSIX capability mechanism

In order to enforce the least privilege principle in the operating system, it is necessary for the process privilege to be effectively controlled; but this is very difficult because a process always changes as time changes. In this paper, based on the analysis on how the process privilege is generated and how it works, a hierarchy implementing the least privilege principle with three layers, i.e. administration layer, functionality control layer and performance layer, is posed. It is clearly demonstrated that to bound privilege's working scope is a critical part for controlling privilege, but this is only mentioned implicitly while not supported in POSIX capability mechanism. Based on analysis of existing control mechanism for privilege, not only an improved capability inheritance formula but also a new complete formal model for controlling process based on integrating RBAC, DTE, and POSIX capability mechanism is introduced. The new invariants in the model show that this novel privilege control mechanism is different from RBAC's, DTE's, and POSIX's, and it generalizes subdomain control mechanism and makes this mechanism dynamic.
Adversarial Divergence Training for Universal Cross-Scene Classification

Cross-scene classification has recently gained increasing interest, which improves the classification performance on label-scarce domains by transferring knowledge learned from label-rich domains. Domain adaptation (DA) attempts to solve the domain gap problem and it is widely used in the cross-scene applications. The priori knowledge that the label space between the source and target domains is identical is a key requirement for existing cross-scene approaches to work successfully. However, label sets of different domains can always be different in real applications, that is to say, there will be common as well as private categories for different domains. Universal DA (UniDA) has been proposed to deal with the above difficulty by relaxing all constraints on the label sets. In order to complete more general remote sensing cross-scene classification tasks regardless of label sets, we propose a UniDA cross-scene classification approach, adversarial divergence training (ADT), to simultaneously classify the target common categories and detect the target private categories based on the divergence of different classifiers. ADT attempts to train the classifier and feature extractor against each other (in adversarial) in order to extract more domain-invariant and discriminative features. At the same time, divergence optimization of different classifiers is used to distinguish the target private class. The former makes it capable of cross-scene tasks, while the latter weakens the effect of the label set on the performance of the algorithm. Experiments show that ADT outperforms baselines in the UniDA setting and even in other settings.
Research on A Transverse-Dislocated Magnetic-Field Modulated Brushless Contra-Rotating Machine Adopting Different Core Material Combinations

The transverse-dislocated magnetic-field modulated brushless contra-rotating machine (TDMFM-BCRM) is a novel contra-rotating machine for the contra-rotating propeller propulsion. It has the advantages of no brushes and slip rings, equal and opposite torques at any time. However, due to the geometrical complexity of the TDMFM-BCRM, there are some challenges about its manufacturing. In this paper, first, the structure and operating principle are introduced. Second, the performance of TDMFM-BCRM adopting different core material combinations including electrical steel (ES) and soft magnetic composite (SMC) is investigated. Third, a prototype is manufactured and tested to verify the analysis. Finally, more manufacturing methods for the TDMFM-BCRM are studied.
An Ever-Expanding World Literary Genre: Defining Magic Realism on Wikipedia

Magic realism is a disputed genre in world literature scholarship today. While many Latin American critics have advocated for its historical and geographical significance, others see it as an inherently postcolonial aesthetic formation, a worldwide literary trend, and even a global commodity. Indeed, since its emergence in the first half of the 20th century, magic realism has remained an attractive and active category, as new artworks are classified as such worldwide. To address these tensions, this essay engages with definitions, general information, and lists of authors and literary works classified as magic realists on Wikipedia. To do so, we compile a thorough database of all writers mentioned in Wikipedia’s entries for magic realism in fifty-six different languages. We visualize this data and close-read Wikipedia entries to understand better which writers are most often identified as magic realists, to which literary and linguistic traditions they belong, and how definitions of magic realism in different languages interact. We trace how the narrow and broad definitions of magic realism tend to both compete and overlap on Wikipedia. We argue that magic realism on Wikipedia can be better understood as a glocal phenomenon. In this sense, we reflect on what the worldliness of magic realism means in a non-academic context and ask how the broad circulation of magic realism can inform our understanding of world literature.
Trust-Region Inverse Reinforcement Learning

This article proposes a new unified inverse reinforcement learning framework based on trust-region methods and a recently proposed Pontryagin differential programming method in Jin et al.’s work (2020), which aims to learn the parameters in both the system model and the cost function for three types of problems, namely, $N$-player nonzero-sum multistage games, two-player zero-sum multistage games, and one-player optimal control, from demonstrated trajectories. Different from the existing frameworks using gradient to update learning parameters, our framework updates them with the candidate solution of trust-region subproblem, where its required gradient and Hessian are obtained by differentiating Pontryagin's maximum principle (PMP) equations once and twice, respectively. The differentiated equations are shown to be equivalent to the PMP equations for affine-quadratic games/optimal control problems and can be solved by some explicit recursions. Extensive simulation examples and comparisons are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm.
Single-layer symmetrical full-port quasi-absorptive filtering phase shifter

In this article, a single-layer symmetrical full-port quasi-absorptive filtering phase shifter is presented. The proposed phase shifter is composed of a main quasi-absorptive filtering branch, a reference quasi-absorptive filtering branch, and two delay lines. The proposed phase shifter achieves both phase controlling function and quasi-absorptive filtering function for the first time. Each quasi-absorptive filtering branch can realize the quasi-absorptive filtering function. Meanwhile, the constant phase shift can be obtained by combining the two quasi-absorptive filtering branches and the two delay lines. The design formulas can be derived from the even- and odd-mode network analysis, and then two quasi-absorptive filtering phase shifters can be devised easily and quickly. For verification, a 90° quasi-absorptive filtering phase shifter, which is critical for circularly polarized antenna systems, is simulated, manufactured, and measured.
Some Results on the Analysis of Water Waves

The analysis of water waves in general is an interesting study point in chemical and mechanical engineering. Ocean waves study is a branch of water wave models that has gained significant momentum in the last couple of decades. The paper investigates a phenomenon called “wave-breaking'' which is one of the most intriguing longstanding problems of water wave theory. A certain class of equations namely Camassa-Holm and Degasperis-Procesi is generalized and new results on existence are obtained.
NEURAL-NETWORK-BASED ADAPTIVE OBSERVER OF POSITION AND SPEED OF PMSM

A neural network-based nonlinear adaptive observer is designed through a nonlinear transformation of mathematical model of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) in a stationary ba- reference frame. Furthermore, the Lyapunov function is created, and on-line learning rules are given for the network weight matrix, such that the stability of observer is proved. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed strategy has stronger robustness and satisfactory performance.
A Model of the Asian Summer Monsoon. Part I: The Global Scale

Abstract A time-dependent primitive equation model with specified zonal flow, mountains, and diabatic heating is described. The model is used to investigate the effects of mountains, diabatic heating, and the nonlinear interactions of their responses in the June–August large-scale global circulation. Particular emphasis is placed on the Asian summer monsoon, a dominant feature of the global circulation at this time. The prescribed heating is calculated as a residual in the time-mean thermodynamic equation from ECMWF data, and the model employs a linear surface drag that is enhanced over the land. The integration is initiated with an observed June–August zonal-mean flow that is maintained throughout the integration. A smoothed earth topography is raised from days 0 to 5 with hydrostatic adjustments made to temperature and surface pressure. When the integration is continued in the absence of diabatic heating, an almost steady-state flow pattern exists until about day 20 when instability begins to dominate.
Fluctuations in the lattice Boltzmann method

The implementation of fluctuations in the lattice Boltzmann method has made significant progress in the last 10 years. The significance of incorporating noise to all non-conserved degrees of freedom was a significant recent discovery that was based on a simplified Langevin treatment of the linarized Boltzmann equation. However, for non-vanishing mean velocities significant deviations in the correlation functions were observed. In this thesis we show how we can largely remove these deviations by incorporating fully velocity dependent moment transforms and thus recover a fluctuation dissipation theorem that is valid for a larger range of velocities. Furthermore we show that the remaining deviations can be attributed to the collision operator of the linearized Boltzmann equation not being identical to the one of the BGK collision which forms the basis of most modern lattice Boltzmann applications. Finally we show that the locally velocity dependent transforms significantly improve the stability of fluctuating lattice Boltzmann simulations at low particle densities.
HUMAN–LONG-TAILED MACAQUE INTERACTIONS AND ECOTOURISM POTENTIAL IN THE GUNUNG KERIANG RECREATIONAL PARK, KEDAH, PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

The long-tailed macaque ( Macaca fascicularis ) is among the Cercopithecidae primates that can be found in Gunung Keriang Recreational Park (GKRP), Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia. Its population size, human–primate interactions, and public perceptions have never been revealed. This study aimed to estimate the population size, evaluate interactions between macaques and visitors, determine the perception of visitors and locals toward primates, and assess the potential of GKRP as ecotourism site. The population size of long-tailed macaques was estimated through census walk, whereas the interactions between visitors and macaques were evaluated through scanning sampling technique. The perception of visitors and local people and the potential of GKRP as ecotourism site were determined through a questionnaire. Results indicated that 72 individuals of M. fascicularis were found ranging in GKRP. The interactions between visitors and macaques in GKRP were primarily constituted of positive interactions. Contrast perceptions between visitors and local people toward GKRP primates were obtained that were due to different experiences with primates encountered by both respondent groups. Visitors were inclined to accept macaques, whereas a majority of locals dislike them. GKRP has a potential to become an established ecotourism site considering values this recreational park has given to the visitors. Research findings were anticipated to increase the knowledge on human–primate interactions and ecotourism management that ultimately contributed toward the management of long-tailed macaques and their natural habitat.
Dynamics of bone cell signaling and PTH treatments of osteoporosis

In this paper we analyze and generalize the dynamical system introduced by Lemaire and co-workers [14] as a model of cell signaling in bone remodeling. We show that for large classes of parameter values, including the physically-realistic baseline values, the system has a unique physically relevant equilibrium which is a global attractor. We generalize that model, minimally, to incorporate a mechanism by which parathyroid hormone (PTH) retards osteoblast apoptosis. We show that with this mechanism, which is a simplified version of that proposed by Bellido and co-workers [4], the model exhibits a well-known phenomenon that has puzzled researchers: the system responds catabolically to the continuous administration of PTH and ally to appropriately pulsed administration of PTH.
Occluded Scene Classification via Cascade Supervised Contrastive Learning

Occlusion handling is crucial for improving the performance of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in real-world remote sensing images, which are often captured in complex and unconstrained environments. In particular, occlusion scene classification has received significant attention due to its usefulness in various remote sensing tasks. However, existing methods are limited by their dependence on close-world learning, which assumes that all test cases are included in the training set. This is problematic because occlusion is too complex to be thoroughly annotated. To address this issue, we propose a novel contrastive learning-based CNN that can classify out-of-distribution occluded scenes without the need for occlusion annotation. Our approach uses a two-branch subnetwork to learn representations of unoccluded anchor images and occlusion-augmented images. We then employ cascade supervised contrastive learning to make the network's representations invariant to occlusion. Unlike standard contrastive learning, our method leverages category information to avoid incompact intraclass distribution and uses a cascade strategy to hierarchically learn occlusion-invariant representations. Finally, we use a multilayer perceptron to classify the learned representations and assess representation quality. We evaluate our method on the UAVDT dataset and two simulated datasets, and the results demonstrate that our approach accurately characterizes occluded objects and achieves more precise classification in occlusion scenarios.
DIHEDRAL COVERINGS OF MONTESINOS KNOTS

We determine the family of Montesinos knots k which have the 3-sphere as a dihedral quotient S 3 → (S 3 ,k), and we find also 'dihedral- like' coverings of certain Montesinos knots. Through the understanding of the singular set of these coverings, we conclude the universality of many Montesinos knots.