Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fewer US Adolescents Playing Football and Public Health: A Review of Measures to Improve Safety and an Analysis of Gaps in the Literature

Physical activity during adolescence is associated with positive health outcomes, yet only 26% of US middle and high school students report daily physical activity. Moreover, the number of high school students playing a sport is declining, with the largest decline in football. One reason for this decline in playing football may be increased attention to the risk of head injury. For public health, the decline is alarming because football offers a physical activity opportunity for millions of young people every year. In response, efforts have been made to institute measures to enhance the safety of football. The objective of this topical review was to review these measures and the data supporting their effectiveness. We conducted a search of scientific literature supplemented by a web search to identify safety measures. We used the Indiana University library electronic database, PubMed, and web browser searches with specific search terms. In addition to peer-reviewed studies, we searched news stories and reports from sport-related organizations. We summarized the measures and evaluations of effectiveness and categorized the measures by type (game rules, practice guidelines, equipment innovations, strategic initiatives) and target age group (elementary/middle school, high school, college, professional). We found that attempts are being made to improve the safety of football at all levels. However, many measures lack scientific evidence to support their effectiveness. Therefore, researchers need to systematically evaluate safety measures. By implementing evidence-based interventions, we can balance the public health risk of playing football versus the public health risk of continued declines in participation.
Relative Abundances of Species or Sequence Variants Can Be Misleading: Soil Fungal Communities as an Example

Plant production systems that are more sustainable than conventional monoculture croplands are the vision of future agriculture. With numerous environmental benefits, agroforestry is among the most promising alternatives. Although soil fungi are key drivers of plant productivity and ecosystem processes, investigations of these microorganisms in temperate agroforestry systems are scarce, leaving our understanding of agricultural systems under agroforestry practice incomplete. Here, we assessed the composition and diversity of the soil fungal community as well as the frequency (relative abundance) of fungal groups in three paired temperate poplar-based alley cropping (agroforestry) and monoculture cropland systems by amplicon sequencing. Analysis of microbiomes using relative abundances of species or sequence variants obtained from amplicon sequencing ignores microbial population size, which results in several problems. For example, species stimulated by environmental parameters may appear unaffected or suppressed in amplicon counts. Therefore, we determined absolute abundances of selected fungal groups as well as total fungal population size by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Tree rows strongly affected the community composition and increased the population size and species richness of soil fungi. Furthermore, ectomycorrhiza were strongly promoted by the tree rows. We speculate that mycorrhiza improved the nutrient acquisition in unfertilized tree rows, thereby contributing to the total productivity of the system. Comparison of relative and absolute abundances revealed dramatic discrepancies, highlighting that amplicon sequencing alone cannot adequately assess population size and dynamics. The results of our study highlight the necessity of combining frequency data based on amplicon sequencing with absolute quantification.
Coconut sugar production of Dwarf coconut varieties

One alternative coconut product of high economic value is coconut sugar. Coconut sugar is processed from tapped sap collected from bunches. Nationally, coconut sugar production reaches around 300,000 tonnes / year. The demand for coconut sugar in Indonesia, especially as a raw material for sweet soy sauce production, increasing by 10% every year. Due to sluggish demand, raw materials for the coconut sugar soy product has been decreasing in recent years. The shortage of coconut climbers collecting coconut sap is the cause of this issue, which is caused by a number of factors, including the fact that young tappers are less interested in climbing tall coconut palms. To solve this problem, it is important to determine the potency of dwarf coconuts, which have a shorter trunk and bear fruit earlier. This study was aimed to evaluate and conduct selection of Dwarf coconut varieties that have high yield potential as a producer of sap and coconut sugar. The research was conducted in North Sulawesi Provinces by evaluating nine Dwarf coconut varieties. The results of research on the production of coconut sap and sugar from nine Dwarf coconut varieties with different plant ages, obtained mixed results among coconut varieties. The time length of tapping sap varies between 31.42 and 43.21 days/bunch, the amount of sap varies between 1.1 and 3.3 liters/tree/day, the sap pH ranges from 6.49 to 7.86, Brix ranges from 14.01 to 17.64, sugar yield ranges from 14.54 to 18.95%, and sugar production ranges from 0.16 to 0.42 kg/tree/day. Waingapu Red Dwarf (WRD), Salak Green Dwarf (SGD), and Nias Yellow Dwarf (NYD) are the Dwarf coconut varities with the highest potential sap and sugar yields, with potential sugar yields of 2.09 tons, 1.64 tons, and 1.56 tons/month/ha, respectively. These Dwarf coconut are hoped to be grown in several provinces that produce coconut sugar to assist coconut farmer.
Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2018

Most theoretical studies of seismic wave propagation in a porous medium do not predict a significant increase in SH-wave velocity with increasing water saturation. Although that type of behavior is commonly predicted for P-waves (and confirmed by countless observations), the expectation for SH-waves is a slight decrease in propagation velocity with increasing water saturations. While published measurements of SH-wave velocity in laboratory studies have been supportive of such a slight decrease in velocity, the data have been biased towards high pressures (typical of oil reservoirs at large depths of burial). On the other hand, the few published low pressure laboratory measurements have revealed significantly different results. The authors' in-situ measurements of seismic wave velocities in a shallow, coarse grained, unconfined alluvial aquifer document a significant SH-wave velocity increase in the transition from the vadose zone to the water table. In one vertical seismic profile (VSP), the P-wave velocity increases by a factor of 4.2 and the SH­ wave velocity increases by a factor of 2.6. What is not clear at this point is the true nature of the increase. Is the velocity increase an expression of the presence of water in the pores, or does water alter the rigidity of the soil matrix? · In addition to the broad-band velocity increase, we have also observed changes in the attenuation of SH­ waves across the water table. After correcting for geometric spreading, the amplitude decay observed in the vadose zone has been found to be larger than that observed below the water table. However, the variation in amplitude decay as a function of frequency and the measurements of body wave dispersion were found to be larger below the water table than above. That is, the water saturated soil behavior is consistent with a Voigt solid, but the dry material appears to follow a different model. The authors will discuss these observations in the context of the current debate on Poisson's ratio and the Vp/Vs ratio.
Globalizing people through international assignments

Preface. Authors PART I: INTRODUCTION. 1. The Strategic Roles of Global Assignments. 2. The Process of Making Cross-Cultural Adjustments. PART 2: BEFORE THE ASSIGNMENT. 3. Selecting: Finding the Right People. 4. Training: Helping People Learn to Do the Right Things. PART 3: DURING THE ASSIGNMENT. 5. Adjusting: Developing New Mental Maps and Behaviours. 6. Integrating: Balancing Dual Allegiance Appraising: Determining If People Are Doing the Right Things. 7. Rewarding: Recognising People When They Do Things Right. PART 4: AFTER THE ASSIGNMENT. 8. Repatriating: Helping People Readjust and Perform. 9. Retaining: Utilising the Experienced Global Manager. 10. Managing the Entire Global Assignment Cycle: Establishing Best Practices. References. Index.
Screening for thyroid disorders in medical undergraduate students

Background: Thyroid dysfunction can have a negative impact on cognitive functions in young girls in adolescent age group as well as affect their future development of infertility, reproductive dysfunction and poor pregnancy outcome. Methods: Cross-sectional study of burden of thyroid disorders in 70 medical undergraduate students of 17-19 years age group studying in Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Sri Padmavathi Medical College for Women, Tirupati. Results: Among the 70 female subjects screened for thyroid disorders, a single subject was found to have subclinical hypothyroidism. The thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level of this subject was 8.1 mIU/L, which is considered to be mildly elevated from the normal range and the thyroxine levels were 89 ng/mL which is within the normal reference range. Her anti-TPO antibodies test results were negative. Conclusions: Identification of subclinical hypothyroidism in asymptomatic young girls in adolescent age group can help in initiating treatment early.
Review of Research Supporting the Use of Administrative Record Enumeration in the 2020 Census

The Census Bureau has acknowledged that the 2020 Census faced unprecedented challenges (Reichert and Kelly, 2021) and consequently accelerated the schedule for releasing quality metrics of field operations (Ortman and Chapin, 2021). Following public release in the summer and fall of 2020 of selfresponse rates, total completion rates, and nonresponse follow-up (NRFU) workload completion rates, the Census Bureau released additional indicators on April 26, 2021 (U.S. Census Bureau, 2021), including a link to a downloadable table in a file named “2020-data-quality-metrics-release_1. xlsx. ” Wherever appropriate, the table provided comparable operational metrics for the U.S., the 50 states and DC, and Puerto Rico for the 2010 and 2020 Censuses. In many respects, the results for the two censuses appear broadly similar, as Bentley (2021) observed. But, among the few 2020 metrics for which 2010 comparisons are not possible, the use of administrative records (AR) in 2020 arguably merits the most scrutiny. As part of the NRFU operations, administrative records were used to classify some addresses as vacant, not housing units (deletes), or occupied, generally after a single follow-up attempt. Characteristics of the AR-determined occupied units were also provided by administrative records or completed by imputation.
Genetic Dissection of Antibiotic Adjuvant Activity

One strategy to confront the antibiotic resistance crisis is through the development of adjuvant compounds that increase the efficacy of established drugs. A key step in the development of a natural product adjuvant as a drug is identifying the resistance process it undermines to enhance antibiotic activity. ABSTRACT Small molecule adjuvants that enhance the activity of established antibiotics represent promising agents in the battle against antibiotic resistance. Adjuvants generally act by inhibiting antibiotic resistance processes, and specifying the process acted on is a critical step in defining an adjuvant’s mechanism of action. This step is typically carried out biochemically by identifying molecules that bind adjuvants and then inferring their roles in resistance. Here, we present a complementary genetic strategy based on identifying mutations that both sensitize cells to antibiotic and make them “adjuvant blind. ” We tested the approach in Acinetobacter baumannii AB5075 using two adjuvants: a well-characterized β-lactamase inhibitor (avibactam) and a compound enhancing outer membrane permeability (aryl 2-aminoimidazole AI-1). The avibactam studies showed that the adjuvant potentiated one β-lactam (ceftazidime) through action on a single β-lactamase (GES-14) and a second (meropenem) by targeting two different enzymes (GES-14 and OXA-23). Mutations impairing disulfide bond formation (DsbAB) also reduced potentiation, possibly by impairing β-lactamase folding. Mutations reducing AI-1 potentiation of canonical Gram-positive antibiotics (vancomycin and clarithromycin) blocked lipooligosaccharide (LOS/LPS) synthesis or its acyl modification. The results indicate that LOS-mediated outer membrane impermeability is targeted by the adjuvant and show the importance of acylation in the resistance. As part of the study, we employed Acinetobacter baylyi as a model to verify the generality of the A. baumannii results and identified the principal resistance genes for ceftazidime, meropenem, vancomycin, and clarithromycin in A. baumannii AB5075. Overall, the work provides a foundation for analyzing adjuvant action using a comprehensive genetic approach. IMPORTANCE One strategy to confront the antibiotic resistance crisis is through the development of adjuvant compounds that increase the efficacy of established drugs. A key step in the development of a natural product adjuvant as a drug is identifying the resistance process it undermines to enhance antibiotic activity. Previous procedures designed to accomplish this have relied on biochemical identification of cell components that bind adjuvant. Here, we present a complementary strategy based on identifying mutations that eliminate adjuvant activity.
Handling Qualities Evaluation at the USAF Test Pilot School

A contradiction lies at the core of handling qualities evaluations: The most complex subsystem of the handling qualities loop is both the least understood and most familiar system. This subsystem is, of course, the human body. A test pilot’s lack of understanding of the mechanisms involved in his cognition and motor control is only exceeded by the confidence he shows in his ability to report on them. Nevertheless, satisfactory handling qualities are vital for safe mission accomplishment so the USAF Test Pilot School (TPS) must endeavor to prepare its graduates to rationally conduct these evaluations. In the last five years, the USAF TPS has undergone a steady transformation in the education of its students for these tasks. This change has stemmed partly from changes in the foundational assumptions of how pilots control, partly from TPS research into objective measurements of pilot inceptor motion, and partly from the recognition that traditional pilot modeling approaches serve only as useful analogies that have little in common with the actual mechanisms of human cognition and motor control. This paper will review the history of handling qualities evaluations at the USAF TPS and describe how shifts in the foundations of the School’s understanding of pilot control have encouraged significant adjustments to the aircraft handling qualities curriculum. These adjustments are helping students better understand how their minds and bodies work and are helping them learn how to create and execute flight test techniques that more efficiently and accurately predict aircraft capability.
Engaging Employees through High Performance Work Practices: Case Studies from Higher Educational Institutions

Human resource management plays an important role in an organization. In recent years, scholars have devoted a great deal of attention to investigating the relationship between high performance work practices and organizational performance. There have been numerous studies focused on empirically examining the impact of high performance work practices on performance outcomes. These studies suggest that there is a significant positive relationship between high performance work practices and performance. However, the majority of the studies used organization-dominated performance measures, notably financial-economic indicators such as return on average assets, return on equity, turnover, sales, labor productivity and profitability. Therefore, less attention has been paid to exploring the concept of performance from an employee’s perspective. Using a resource-based view of the organization, organizations can simply develop sustained competitive advantage by generating value in a unique way through employees, which is difficult for competitors to replicate. Thus, it is proposed that academics and practitioners should explore how organizations can develop sustained competitive advantage by keeping their employees engaged with their roles and organization. This paper explores high performance work practices and employee engagement in the selected higher educational institutions. This paper employs qualitative case study methodology. Data were gathered from two case studies and observation on high performance work practices and employee engagement. The research thus provides evidences on the high performance work practices that can keep the employees engaged.
Mott-moiré excitons

We develop a systematic theory for excitons subject to Fermi-Hubbard physics in moir\'e twisted transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). Specifically, we consider excitons in moir\'e systems for which the valence band is in the Mott-insulating regime. These"Mott-moir\'e excitons", which are achievable in twisted TMD heterobilayers, are bound states of a magnetic polaron in the valence band and a free electron in the conduction band. We find significantly narrower exciton bandwidths in the presence of Hubbard physics, serving as a potential experimental signature of strong correlations. We also demonstrate the high tunability of Mott-moir\'e excitons through the dependence of their binding energies, diameters, and bandwidths on the moir\'e period. Our work provides guidelines for future exploration of strongly correlated excitons in twisted TMD heterobilayers.
The posing of questions : logical foundations of erotetic inferences

Introduction. 1. Erotetic Inferences and How Questions Arise. 2. Logical Theories of Questions. 3. Questions. 4. Semantics. 5. Evocation of Questions. 6. Generation of Questions. 7. Erotetic implication. 8. Erotetic Arguments. Bibliography. Index of Symbols. Index of Subjects. Index of Names.
Superconvergence of the effective Cauchy stress in computational homogenization of inelastic materials

We provide theoretical investigations and empirical evidence that the effective stresses in computational homogenization of inelastic materials converge with a higher rate than the local solution fields. Due to the complexity of industrial‐scale microstructures, computational homogenization methods often utilize a rather crude approximation of the microstructure, favoring regular grids over accurate boundary representations. As the accuracy of such an approach has been under continuous verification for decades, it appears astonishing that this strategy is successful in homogenization, but is seldom used on component scale. A part of the puzzle has been solved recently, as it was shown that the effective elastic properties converge with twice the rate of the local strain and stress fields. Thus, although the local mechanical fields may be inaccurate, the averaging process leads to a cancellation of errors and improves the accuracy of the effective properties significantly. Unfortunately, the original argument is based on energetic considerations. The straightforward extension to the inelastic setting provides superconvergence of (pseudoelastic) potentials, but does not cover the primary quantity of interest: the effective stress tensor. The purpose of the work at hand is twofold. On the one hand, we provide extensive numerical experiments on the convergence rate of local and effective quantities for computational homogenization methods based on the fast Fourier transform. These indicate the superconvergence effect to be valid for effective stresses, as well. Moreover, we provide theoretical justification for such a superconvergence based on an argument that avoids energetic reasoning.
Finite decomposition rank for virtually nilpotent groups

We show that inductive limits of virtually nilpotent groups have strongly quasidiagonal C*-algebras, extending results of the first author on solvable virtually nilpotent groups. We use this result to show that the decomposition rank of the group C*-algebra of a finitely generated virtually nilpotent group $G$ is bounded by $2\cdot h(G)! -1$, where $h(G)$ is the Hirsch length of $G. $ This extends and sharpens results of the first and third authors on finitely generated nilpotent groups. It then follows that if a C*-algebra generated by an irreducible representation of a virtually nilpotent group satisfies the universal coefficient theorem, it is classified by its Elliott invariant.
A Note on the Asymptotic Normality of Sample Autocorrelations for a Linear Stationary Sequence

We consider a stationary time series {Xt} given byXt=? ∞k=? ∞? kZt? k, where {Zt} is a strictly stationary martingale difference white noise. Under assumptions that the spectral densityf(? ) of {Xt} is squared integrable andm? |k|? m? 2k? 0 for some? >1/2, the asymptotic normality of the sample autocorrelations is shown. For a stationary long memoryARIMA(p, d, q) sequence, the conditionm? |k|? m? 2k? 0 for some? >1/2 is equivalent to the squared integrability off(? ). This result extends Theorem 4.2 of Cavazos-Cadena 5], which were derived under the conditionm? |k|? m? 2k? 0.
Colleagues’ Work Attitudes towards Employees with Disability

Background: The present study investigates the significance of work inclusion in people with a disability and then aims to examine colleagues’ attitudes. Considering Stone and Colella’s model, we analyzed the colleagues’ attitudes and variables related to the disability, such as type of disability and type of presentation of colleagues with disability, and colleague’s characteristics, such as gender, educational level, and experience in work with people with disability. Method: We randomly assigned two hundred eighty-six employees to a standard condition (hypothetical colleagues with a disability presented by the impairments labels) or favorable condition (hypothetical colleagues with a disability presented by their past work experiences). Results: The type of disability and its presentation influence colleagues’ attitudes. Besides employees’ gender, educational level and experience in work with people with a disability influences the attitudes toward them. Conclusions: Implications for practice were discussed.
Spectral Irradiance Monitor (SIM) for the SORCE mission

The Spectral Irradiance Monitor (SIM) will measure the solar spectral irradiance from 0.2- to 2.0 µm with an accuracy of 300 ppm (1? ) and a precision of 100 ppm. The SIM will be launched in 2002 on the EOS SORCE mission (SOlar Radiation and Climate Experiment). This instrument is a Fery prism spectrometer with an Electrical Substitution Radiometer (ESR) as the primary detector, and 4 additional photodiodes detectors. SIM incorporates the following design features. 1) Two independent spectrometer channels coupled with a periscope/calibrator mechanism to monitor changes in prism transmission in-flight. 2) A closed-loop wavelength drive provides precise position knowledge in the spectrometer focal plane. 3) An ESR to maintain the long-term absolute calibration of the instrument. The ESR consists of back-to-back 1x10-mm2 diamond bolometers blackened with nickel phosphorous and mounted at the center of a spherical cavity to increase the effective bolometer blackness. A shutter located in front of the spectrometer entrance slit modulates the solar signal at 0.1 Hz; the ESR synchronously detects light at the shutter fundamental. The bolometer bridge control, electrical power replacement, ESR temperature regulation, prism rotation, and shutter actuation are all under digital signal processor control.