Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
COCCOLITH SR/CA RECORDS OF PRODUCTIVITY DURING THE PALEOCENE-EOCENE THERMAL MAXIMUM FROM THE

[1] A major perturbation of the global carbon cycle ∼55 million years ago, believed to result from release of 1000–2000 Gt of C from methane hydrates, correlates with an intense but transient greenhouse warming event known as the Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). The rapid (105 years) recovery of global temperatures reflects important negative feedbacks in the climate system and carbon cycle. Enhanced marine productivity may be one important feedback, but indicators for productivity changes have yielded conflicting results. Here we use a new independent indicator, Sr/Ca in coccolith carbonate, which covaries with the productivity of coccolithophorid algae, to investigate the biotic response in the most complete PETM deep sea record which was recovered at ODP Site 690 in the Weddell Sea. In the dominant coccolithophorid genus Toweius a large (40%) Sr/Ca increase immediately after the gas hydrate release signals a dramatic productivity increase. Productivity levels remained high for 60,000 years but decreased to pre-event levels by 120,000 years after the gas hydrate release. Productivity levels during the PETM are higher than observed at any other time in our ∼400,000 year record. Other coccolithophorid genera Chiasmolithus and Discoaster show a brief modest (25% Sr/Ca increase) increase in productivity that lags behind the methane event by 50,000 years and is within the range of productivity variation elsewhere in the record. The timing of the Toweius productivity increase agrees well with Os isotope records of globally increased weathering intensity, which may have provided higher nutrient fluxes to stimulate algal productivity. If this type of productivity response occurred globally, it would also be consistent with the timing of C drawdown that may have returned temperatures to near pre-event levels.
Production systems and reproductive performances of Camelus dromedarius in Somali regional state, eastern Ethiopia

Across-sectional questionnaire survey and focused group discussions were conducted to characterize camel production systems and to evaluate reproductive performances of camels at their natural pastoralist management systems of Somali region. A total of 100 households were included in the study during the period of October 2012 to March 2013. About 98% of Somali pastoralists preferred camels as their first choice over other livestock species and mainly kept in the society for milk and meat production. The camel management dominating in the study areas of Somali region is traditional nomadic. Camel is one of the most important livestock for Somali pastoralists’ livelihood as a source of milk, meat and draught power. Mature female camels were dominant (54.87%) in the camel herd. The ratio of male to female camel was 1:13. Mean age at first calving and calving interval were 62.16±10.44 and 23.28±3.36 months respectively. Age at first calving and calving interval can be minimized to 57±5.52 and 21.84±4.8 months by proper husbandry and health care. The mean lactation length was 11.51±1.91 months. Diseases and predators were reported as the main causes of calf mortality. In the herd dynamic simulation calf mortality rate can be reduced at least to 7% only by preventing predators attack. Diseases (66%), lack of pasture (59%) and security (47%) were the main constraints in camel production of the study areas. For the better productivity of camels, the major constraints such as disease problems, lack of pasture and tribal conflicts should be mitigated. Proper husbandry and health services can play significant roles in the long term improvement of camel production and productivity of the region.
Preferencia alimentaria de Lema bilineata G. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) hacia tres Solanaceae (Solanoideae): Posibles defensas químicas

espanolSe llevaron a cabo bioensayos de preferencia alimentaria de Lema bilineata Germar (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), filofago de varias Solanaceae, empleando tres especies de la subfamilia Solanoideae: Physalis peruviana, Salpichroa origanifolia y Solanum gilo. Esta investigacion se fundamento en observaciones de danos exclusivamente en P. peruviana y S. origanifolia en cultivos donde las tres especies se hallaban presentes. Esto fue confirmado en ensayos de eleccion simple y multiple de laboratorio siendo los resultados interpretados tomando en cuenta la constitucion quimica de las tres solanaceas. EnglishFeeding preference bioassays with Lema bilineata G. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a phyllophagous Solanaceae pest, were held employing three Subfamily Solanoideae species: Physalis peruviana, Salpichroa origanifolia and Solanum gilo. This investigation was based upon damage observations found exclusively on P. peruviana and S. origanifolia in cultures where the three species were present. Similar results were obtained in simple and multiple election laboratory assays, which were analyzed in relation to the three Solanaceae chemical constitution.
Multi-objective optimization for dynamic environments

This paper investigates the use of evolutionary multi-objective optimization methods (EMOs) for solving singleobjective optimization problems in dynamic environments. A number of authors proposed the use of EMOs for maintaining diversity in a single objective optimization task, where they transform the single objective optimization problem into a multi-objective optimization problem by adding an artificial objective function. We extend this work by looking at the dynamic single objective task and examine a number of different possibilities for the artificial objective function. We adopt the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm version 2 (NSGA2). The results show that the resultant formulations are promising and competitive to other methods for handling dynamic environments.
The development of Chinese hyperspectral remote sensing technology

Imaging spectrometer is characteristic of high spectral resolution, high spatial resolution, multitudinous bands and mass data. The ground object information of hyperspectral image can be used on target identification. On the base of theory on hyperspectral remote sensing imaging technology, the paper mainly introduces three spectrometers designed by Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, CAS. There are CMODIS, which is the main payload of SZ-3 spaceship, OMIS and PHI, which are airborne sensors. Some applications about those sensors are discussed in the end.
Effects of Sea Level Drops During Late Early Miocene to the Reservoirs in South Palembang Sub Basin, South Sumatra, Indonesia

Abstract Sea level drops in the South Palembang Sub Basin during Late Early Miocene were obviously identified. The seismics, well logs, and paleontological data indicate the occurence of sea level drops in late N-6 that formed the N-6 sequence boundary. In late N-7 another drop caused the N-7 sequence boundary. The effects of the sea level drop occured during the Late N-6 were identified in Lower Talang Akar Formation. The sea level drop of N-6 formed thick sand bodies which could be as reservoirs, and the late N-7 sea level drop produced the secondary porosity for hydrocarbon carbonate reservoirs in this area.
KOMPARASI PEMODELAN DATA MENGGUNAKAN C4.5 DAN C4.5 BERBASIS PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION UNTUK MEMPREDIKSI KELULUSAN MAHASISWA

perguruan tinggi merupakan tempat bagi mahasiswa untuk mendapat pengetahuan sebelum terjun bersaing dalam dunia kerja. perguruan tinggi menjadi sangat berperan untuk menciptakan lulusan terbaik bagi kebutuhan dunia kerja. Jumlah kelulusan mahasiswa akan menjadi salah satu indikator keberhasilan suatu perguruan tinggi yang berdampak pada akreditasi pemerintah dan penilaian masyarakat. Penelitian tentang prediksi kelulusan mahasiswa telah banyak dilakukan. Dalam penelitian ini, membandingkan algoritma C4.5 dengan C4.5 berbasis PSO(Particle Swarm Optimization) yang diterapkan pada data kelulusan mahasiswa. Dari hasil pengujian digunakan tes cross validation, confusion matrix dan kurva ROC, diketahui bahwa C4.5 berbasis PSO terbukti dapat meningkat akurasi dari prediksi dengan 86.09% dan peforma yang ditunjukkan nilai AUC adalah 0.883 sedangkan C4.5 memiliki akurasi prediksi 84.13% dan nilai AUC 0.837. Dari penelitian ini, terbukti bahwa PSO dapat meningkatkan akurasi dan performa AUC.
Radiographic Evaluation of Syndesmosis Stabilisation Using the TightRope System Versus Syndesmotic Screw Fixation for the Management of Ankle Fractures With a Syndesmotic Injury

Background Ankle syndesmotic injuries represent complex orthopaedic injuries, commonly requiring open reduction and fixation. Several techniques have been described for fixation, with syndesmotic screw fixation being traditionally considered as the ‘gold standard’. Among the relatively new techniques developed, the TightRope system stabilisation provides ‘dynamic’ stabilisation with promising results. We aimed to evaluate the radiographic performance of these two different surgical techniques in the management of ankle fractures with an underlying syndesmotic injury. Methods A total of 85 cases were included in the study and were divided into two groups: syndesmotic screw fixation (48 cases) and TightRope system (37 cases). Patient demographics, type of ankle fracture and type of implant used were recorded for all the cases, and evaluation of the postoperative radiographs was performed for all. For all patients, the radiographic parameters assessed included the medial clear joint space (MCS), tibiofibular overlap (TFO), and anterior and posterior tibiofibular interval in order to calculate the anterior tibiofibular ratio (ATFR). Results Statistical analysis revealed no statistically significant differences in the radiographic parameters of the postoperative radiographs between the two groups. However, in the syndesmotic screw group, a higher incidence of radiographic malreduction was seen, as indicated by the MCS and ATFR parameters, in comparison to the TightRope fixation group. An equal distribution of radiographic abnormal parameters was noted among the different types of ankle fractures included in the study (trimalleolar, bimalleolar and isolated fibula fractures with syndesmotic injury) with no obvious positive correlation noted (Pearson correlation test). Conclusion Both surgical techniques seem to provide adequate reduction of the syndesmosis, with no statistical significant differences detected from the radiographic evaluation of both groups. In our study though, the syndesmotic screw group was associated with a higher incidence of radiographic malreduction as indicated by the MCS and ATFR parameters. The TightRope system seems to have a lower rate of radiographic malreduction and provides an equally effective way of syndesmosis fixation based on a dynamic mode of stabilisation.
Causes, consequences and control of wind erosion in Sahelian Africa: a review

Sahelian Africa is one of the poorest regions of the world, where approximately 90 per cent of the population depends on subsistence agriculture. Due to the high population growth, with annual growth rates of about 3 per cent during recent decades, farmers have expanded their cropping areas to increase production. At the same time the traditional bush fallow system collapsed and more land became subject to soil degradation processes. Wind erosion is one of the main degradation processes that has received much scientific attention since the 1980s. The objective of this paper is to review the latest research results on wind‐erosion causes, consequences, perceptions and control in the Sahel. First the main processes involved in wind erosion (creep, saltation and suspension) are described and related to the Sahelian climate, soils and farming systems. Then the agricultural consequences of wind erosion are evaluated. Three types of damage are distinguished: undesired sedimentation, crop damage and soil degradation. Several studies were done to determine farmers knowledge and perceptions of wind erosion. In general the Sahelian farmers have a good qualitative understanding of wind‐erosion processes, and they are concerned about the consequences, especially about crop damage and soil productivity decline. Finally, the possibilities and constraints for wind‐erosion control are evaluated. The most widely applied control measure is mulching with crop residues, but the quantity of residue is insufficient due to low biomass yields and multiple uses. It is concluded that regeneration and exploitation of natural, scattered vegetation is a promising control strategy that needs more research. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
QoE-Aware Power Allocation for Aerial-Relay Massive MIMO Networks

This paper proposes a power allocation framework based on the per-user quality-of-experience (QoE) conditions for an aerial relay massive MIMO (mMIMO) network, assuming the direct transmission between the mMIMO base station and ground users (UEs) is unavailable. We first derive closed-form spectral efficiency expressions for the mMIMO-based system, with a UAV acting as the aerial relay. Then, we formulate a joint optimization problem of power allocation and QoE in the downlink, aiming to maximize the sum throughput of the serving ground UEs. The problem is generally hard to solve due to the non-convex constraints and non-concave objective function. To address it, we propose a two-step algorithm based on inner convex approximation (ICA) method. However, the ICA-based algorithm requires an initial feasible point, which is difficult to find by generating a random point as commonly conceived in existing approaches while satisfying the QoE constraints. To tackle this issue, we develop a max-min problem, whose solution leads to an initial feasible point that maximizes the difference between the per-user rate and its corresponding QoE threshold. Numerical results are used to demonstrate the validity of the theoretical analysis and the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
Investigation of Neurocognitive Deficits, Quality of Life, and Functional Performance in Ultra-High-Risk Individuals Compared to Familial High-Risk Individuals for Schizophrenia

Objective: This study aimed to investigate neurocognitive functioning, quality of life, and global functional performance in Ultra-High Risk (UHR) individuals compared to Familial High-Risk (FHR) individuals for developing schizophrenia. Method : An observational cross-sectional study was conducted using a convenient sampling method at Roozbeh Hospital in Tehran, Iran, from June 2017 to January 2020. The study included 40 UHR individuals based on the Structured Interview for Psychosis Syndrome (SIPS) interview, as well as 34 FHR individuals due to genetic risk. Neurocognitive functioning, quality of life, and global functional performance were assessed by using the Cambridge Automated Neuropsychological Test Battery (CANTAB) and Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT), Quality of Life Scale (QLS), and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF). Results: UHR individuals for schizophrenia demonstrated significant lower scores in phonemic and semantic verbal fluency (t = 6.218, P < 0.001; t = 4.184, P < 0.001, respectively), more total errors for spatial working memory (t = -5.874, P < 0.001), and fewer problems solved in minimum moves in Stocking of Cambridge (SOC) (t = -2.706, P < 0.01) compared to FHR individuals. Intra-Extra Dimension (IED) did not differ significantly between the two groups. Moreover, the study indicated significant GAF decline (F = 79.257, P < 0.001) and lower total score on the QLS (t = -10.655, P < 0.001) in UHR compared to FHR individuals. Conclusion: It is possible to differentiate UHR individuals from FHR individuals through neurocognitive, quality of life, and global functioning assessment.
Cost- and Energy-Related Determinants for Conventional and Organic Cultivation of Winter Wheat

STRESZCZENIE: Roznice w nakladach i kosztach oraz energochlonności produkcji rolnej w systemach ekologicznym i konwencjonalnym są zasadnicze. W artykule dokonano analizy i porownania kosztochlonności i energochlonności obu systemow na przykladzie uprawy pszenicy ozimej. Wśrod roznic pomiedzy oboma typami upraw zauwaza sie średnio wyzsze koszty calkowite produkcji, przychody, a takze wyzszą efektywnośc ekonomiczną w produkcji konwencjonalnej. Na wyniku tym zawazyl zwlaszcza duzy udzial kosztow materialow produkcyjnych. Takze w tej grupie gospodarstw średnia energochlonnośc produkcji byla znacznie wyzsza. W gospodarstwach ekologicznych obserwuje sie nizsze plonowanie związane glownie z ekstensywną jakością produkcji, w kompleksowej ocenie obu systemow produkcji nalezy jednak brac pod uwage takze jakośc wytworzonej zywności ekologicznej oraz jej znaczenie dla jakości środowiska przyrodniczo-rolniczego.
Effaced preservation in the Ediacara biota and its implications for the early macrofossil record

Abstract: Ediacaran structures known as ‘pizza discs’ or Ivesheadia have long been considered enigmatic. They are amongst the oldest known members of the Ediacara biota, apparently restricted to the Avalonian successions of Newfoundland and the UK, c. 579–560 Ma. Here, we suggest that these impressions are taphomorphs, resulting from the post‐mortem decay of the frondose Ediacaran biota. Ediacaran fossils range from well‐preserved, high‐fidelity variants to almost completely effaced specimens. The effaced specimens are inferred to have undergone modification of their original morphology by post‐mortem microbial decay on the sea floor, combined with sediment trapping and binding. In this style of preservation, morphological details within the organism became variously subdued as a function of the extent of organic decay prior to casting by overlying sediments. Decay and effacement were progressive in nature, producing a continuum of grades of preservation on Ediacaran bedding planes. Fossils preserved by such ‘effaced preservation’ are those that have suffered these processes to the extent that only their gross form can be determined. We suggest that the lack of detailed morphology in effaced specimens renders such fossils unsuitable for use as type material, as it is possible that several taxa may, upon degradation and burial, generate similar morphological taphomorphs. We here reinterpret the genus Ivesheadia as a taphomorph resulting from extensive post‐mortem decay of frondose organisms. Blackbrookia, Pseudovendia and Shepshedia from beds of comparable age in England are likewise regarded as taphomorphs broadly related to Charnia or Charniodiscus spp. To reflect the suggestion that such impressions are likely to be taphomorphs, and not taxonomically discrete, we propose the term ivesheadiomorphs to incorporate all such effaced taphonomic expressions of Ediacaran macrofossil taxa in Avalonian assemblages. Our recognition of effaced preservation has significant implications for Ediacaran taxonomy, and consequently for measures of Ediacaran diversity and disparity. It is implied that Avalonian assemblages preserve both organisms that were alive and organisms that were already dead at the time of burial. As such, the fossil assemblages cannot be taken to represent census populations of living organisms, as in prior interpretations.
Slab break‐off – abrupt cut or gradual detachment? New insights from the Vrancea Region (SE Carpathians, Romania)

Slab break‐off is a plate‐tectonic process which does not only return lithospheric material into the deeper mantle, but also has severe effects on surface movements and seismic hazard: slab‐pull induced seismicity is reduced when the subducted slab decouples from the overlying crust. In the Vrancea region (SE Carpathians), strong earthquakes frequently occur at intermediate depths (70–180 km) in a laterally small volume, while the crust shows low but distributed seismicity. The stress pattern shows similar partitioning with vertical extension in the slab and no preferred orientation in the overlying crust. Both features indicate a decoupling between slab and overlying crust, either by slab break‐off or delamination. However, the strong vertical elongation of the slab requires that the upper end of the slab is fixed vertically. Thus, a ‘soft’ coupling is assumed that is strong enough to enable elongation of the slab, but weak enough to inhibit ‘quasi‐static’ stress transfer to the overlying crust.
Economic Impact Analysis of Marker-Assisted Breeding in Rice

The benefits of developing and releasing salinity-tolerant and phosphorous-deficiency-tolerant rice in Bangladesh, India, Indonesia and the Philippines were estimated for marker-assisted breeding as compared to conventional breeding using economic surplus analysis. Marker-assisted breeding is estimated to save at least 2 to 3 years in the breeding cycle and result in incremental benefits over 25 years in the range of $300 to $800 million depending on the country, stress, and time lags. Salinity and phosphorous deficient soils are difficult problems to solve through conventional breeding because of “genetic load” or undesirable traits that accompany desirable ones during backcrossing. MAB, enabled by advances in genomics and molecular mapping is more precise and hence time-saving. Solving salinity and P-deficiency problems is important, regardless of whether MAB or CB is used, as the cumulative benefits are at least $220 million and as much as $4 billion over the next 25 years depending on the problem and country.
Fiber-Optic-Based System for High-Resolution Monitoring of Stretch in Excised Tissues

Cardiovascular diseases cause a high number of deaths nowadays. To improve these statistics, new strategies to better understand the electrical and mechanical abnormalities underlying them are urgently required. This study focuses on the development of a sensor to measure tissue stretch in excised tissues, enabling improved knowledge of biomechanical properties and allowing greater control in real time. A system made of biocompatible materials is described, which is based on two cantilevered platforms that integrate an optical fiber inside them to quantify the amount of stretch the tissues are exposed to with a precision of μm. The operating principle of the sensor is based on the variation of the optical path with the movement of the platforms onto which the samples are fixed. The conducted tests highlight that this system, based on a simple topology and technology, is capable of achieving the desired purpose (a resolution of ∼1 μm), enabling the tissue to be bathed in any medium within the system.
Diversity and distribution of mollusc assemblages on the Victoria Land coast and the Balleny Islands, Ross Sea, Antarctica

In 2004 as part of the joint Latitudinal Gradient Project in the Ross Sea, cruises of RV Tangaroa and RV Italica along the Victoria Land coast and the Balleny Islands collected 142 species of mollusc (four Polyplacophora, 99 Gastropoda, 37 Bivalvia and two Scaphopoda). About 20% of these species represent new records for the Ross Sea quadrant. The species richness was found to be higher at 71–72°S (Cape Hallett–Cape Adare) and lower at 74–75°S (Terra Nova Bay–Cape Russell) using Shannon-Wiener's H', Pielou's J' and Simpson's λ indices, as well as by using species richness estimators (e.g. ICE, Chao 2, Jack 2). The Balleny Islands (65–67°S), though not exhaustively sampled, show diversity values comparable to those of Terra Nova Bay–Cape Russell. These islands, located in the main Antarctic Coastal Current, appear to represent a crossroads in the Southern Ocean, with mollusc and other invertebrate species present, that have previously been recorded only from the Weddell Sea. The higher diversity in the Cape Hallett–Cape Adare area is not easy to interpret, but could be a result of the intense iceberg scouring off the two capes, observed from seafloor mapping, a factor that is known to enhance species diversity at the regional scale. The existence of a decreasing trend in diversity towards higher latitudes along the Victoria Land coast cannot yet be shown, due to the large gaps in sampling coverage.