Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Common mental disorders among women and its social correlates in an urban marginalized populace in South India

Background: Common mental disorders (CMD) cause a range of health, social and economic burden, and disorders like depression and anxiety are more prevalent among women. Prevalence and factors contributing to increased vulnerability for CMDs have regional variation. Identification of factors contributing to the vulnerability is essential to both psychiatric epidemiology and in addressing mental health challenges in the community. Methods: This cross-sectional study aimed at understanding the burden of CMD and its association with social determinants of mental health. Women hailing from urban slum attending the outpatient family care facility for their medical problems constituted the sample. Data was collected using a clinical research form with variables such as sociodemographic profile, health profile, and psychosocial profile. The questionnaire had specific questions on indicators of poverty, certain stressors, and support system. Presence of CMD was assessed using Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised (CIS-R), a standard tool for CMD research in primary care settings. A cut off score of 12 and above was considered for detecting CMD. Research ethical principles were adhered to and data was analyzed using SPSS 21.0. Results: Among 172 women, 77 (44.8%) were diagnosed to have CMDs. Univariate analysis revealed a significant association between age, marital status, living arrangement, educational level, difficulty with buying food, presence of debt, chronic medical illness, husband’s alcohol use, marital satisfaction, experiencing abuse, family support, religious participation, and a diagnosis of CMD. Multivariate analysis showed high burden with nuclear family arrangement, difficulty to buy food, experiencing abuse and, low burden with higher educational level, family support, and religious participation. Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence and the treatment gap of CMDs in primary setting, family-physician should be sensitized for detection and management of CMDs. Social interventions targeting poverty, women’s education and empowerment, and support system are likely to decrease the burden of CMDs in this population.
Novel interfaces in science communication: Comparing journalistic and social media uptake of articles published by The Conversation Africa

Science amplifier platforms such as The Conversation have gained popularity in a changing media ecosystem in which the traditional roles of journalists are eroded, and scientists are urged to engage with society. The Conversation constitutes a blend of scientific communication, public science communication and science journalism, and a convergence of the professional worlds of science and journalism. In this study, we investigated the nature and impact of the Africa-focussed edition of this platform, The Conversation Africa. We analysed articles published over a 5-year period since its launch in 2015 (N = 5392). Contents from South Africa dominate the platform, but contributions from other African countries are increasing. Regarding the role of The Conversation Africa as an inter-media agenda setter, mainstream media more often republished stories related to politics or economics, while stories about social issues such as education, conservation and art were more often shared on social media.
Poly(lactide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) scaffold promotes equivalent tissue integration and supports skin grafts compared to a predicate collagen scaffold

Dermal scarring from motor vehicle accidents, severe burns, military blasts, etc. is a major problem affecting over 80 million people worldwide annually, many of whom suffer from debilitating hypertrophic scar contractures. These stiff, shrunken scars limit mobility, impact quality of life, and cost millions of dollars each year in surgical treatment and physical therapy. Current tissue engineered scaffolds have mechanical properties akin to unwounded skin, but these collagen‐based scaffolds rapidly degrade over 2 months, premature to dampen contracture occurring 6–12 months after injury. This study demonstrates a tissue engineered scaffold can be manufactured from a slow‐degrading viscoelastic copolymer, poly(ι‐lactide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone), with physical and mechanical characteristics to promote tissue ingrowth and support skin‐grafts. Copolymers were synthesized via ring‐opening polymerization. Solvent casting/particulate leaching was used to manufacture 3D porous scaffolds by mixing copolymers with particles in an organic solvent followed by casting into molds and subsequent particle leaching with water. Scaffolds characterized through SEM, micro‐CT, and tensile testing confirmed the required thickness, pore size, porosity, modulus, and strength for promoting skin‐graft bioincorporation and dampening fibrosis in vivo. Scaffolds were Oxygen Plasma Treatment and collagen coated to encourage cellular proliferation. Porosity ranging from 70% to 90% was investigated in a subcutaneous murine model and found to have no clinical effect on tissue ingrowth. A swine full‐thickness skin wound model confirmed through histology and Computer Planimetry that scaffolds promote skin‐graft survival, with or without collagen coating, with equal safety and efficacy as a commercially available tissue engineered scaffold. This study validates a scalable method to create poly(ι‐lactide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) scaffolds with appropriate characteristics and confirms in mouse and swine wound models that the scaffolds are safe and effective at supporting skin‐grafts. The results of this study have brought us closer towards developing an alternative technology that supports skin grafts with the potential to investigate long‐term hypertrophic scar contractures.
BMP signaling and skeletal development in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP)

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is an ultra‐rare genetic disease caused by increased BMP pathway signaling due to mutation of ACVR1, a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type 1 receptor. The primary clinical manifestation of FOP is extra‐skeletal bone formation (heterotopic ossification) within soft connective tissues. However, the underlying ACVR1 mutation additionally alters skeletal bone development and nearly all people born with FOP have bilateral malformation of the great toes as well as other skeletal malformations at diverse anatomic sites. The specific mechanisms through which ACVR1 mutations and altered BMP pathway signaling in FOP influence skeletal bone formation during development remain to be elucidated; however, recent investigations are providing a clearer understanding of the molecular and developmental processes associated with ACVR1‐regulated skeletal formation.
Facile Synthesis of Dual-Layer Organic Solvent Nanofiltration (OSN) Hollow Fiber Membranes

A dual-layer organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) hollow fiber membrane was prepared by a single-step coextrusion process with polybenzimidazole as the outer selective layer and hyperbranched polyethylenimine cross-linked polyimide as the inner support layer. The OSN membrane shows a rejection of >99% against methylene blue (MW: 319.85 g mol–1) with good solvent fluxes in water, methanol, and acetonitrile. The newly invented fabrication technology may provide simple, cost-effective, scalable, and high-performance OSN membranes for organic solvent recovery.
The emergent relationship between temporoparietal junction and anosognosia in Alzheimer's disease

Anosognosia and impairment of insight are characteristic features of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which can lead to delays in appropriate medical care and significant family discord. The default mode network (DMN), a distributed but highly connected network of brain regions more active during rest than during task, is integrally involved in awareness. DMN dysfunction is common in AD, and disrupted communication between memory‐related and self‐related DMN networks is associated with anosognosia in AD patients. In addition, the temporoparietal junction (TPJ) is a key region of the “social brain” and also contributes to representations of the self. The exact classification of the TPJ within the DMN is unclear, though connections between the TPJ and DMN have been highlighted in multiple avenues of research. Here we discuss the relationship between the TPJ, DMN, and AD, as well as the potential involvement of the TPJ in anosognosia in AD. We review past and present findings to raise attention to the TPJ, with a specific emphasis on neuroimaging technologies which suggest a pivotal role of the TPJ within large‐scale brain networks linked to anosognosia in AD.
Hepatic Energy Metabolism Underlying Differential Lipidomic Responses to High-Carbohydrate and High-Fat Diets in Male Wistar Rats

ABSTRACT Background Low-carbohydrate diets are suggested to exert metabolic benefits by reducing circulating triacylglycerol (TG) concentrations, possibly by enhancing mitochondrial activity. Objective We aimed to elucidate mechanisms by which dietary carbohydrate and fat differentially affect hepatic and circulating TG, and how these mechanisms relate to fatty acid composition. Methods Six-week-old, ∼300 g male Wistar rats were fed a high-carbohydrate, low-fat [HC; 61.3% of energy (E%) carbohydrate] or a low-carbohydrate, high-fat (HF; 63.5 E% fat) diet for 4 wk. Parameters of lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function were measured in plasma and liver, with fatty acid composition (GC), high-energy phosphates (HPLC), carnitine metabolites (HPLC-MS/MS), and hepatic gene expression (qPCR) as main outcomes. Results In HC-fed rats, plasma TG was double and hepatic TG 27% of that in HF-fed rats. The proportion of oleic acid (18:1n–9) was 60% higher after HF vs. HC feeding while the proportion of palmitoleic acid (16:1n–7) and vaccenic acid (18:1n–7), and estimated activities of stearoyl-CoA desaturase, SCD-16 (16:1n–7/16:0), and de novo lipogenesis (16:0/18:2n–6) were 1.5–7.5-fold in HC vs. HF-fed rats. Accordingly, hepatic expression of fatty acid synthase (Fasn) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (Acaca/Acc) was strongly upregulated after HC feeding, accompanied with 8-fold higher FAS activity and doubled ACC activity. There were no differences in expression of liver-specific biomarkers of mitochondrial biogenesis and activity (Cytc, Tfam, Cpt1, Cpt2, Ucp2, Hmgcs2); concentrations of ATP, AMP, and energy charge; plasma carnitine/acylcarnitine metabolites; or peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation. Conclusions In male Wistar rats, dietary carbohydrate was converted into specific fatty acids via hepatic lipogenesis, contributing to higher plasma TG and total fatty acids compared with high-fat feeding. In contrast, the high-fat, low-carbohydrate feeding increased hepatic fatty acid content, without affecting hepatic mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation.
[COVID-19 and vaccination: analysis of public institution's role in information spread through Twitter.]

OBJECTIVE The COVID-19 pandemic has been a time where social media allows increased conversations about it. These conversations have spread various conspiracies about vaccines against COVID-19. It is, therefore, necessary to develop communication strategies, led by official accounts, that offer accessible information on vaccination as a preventive public health strategy. The aim of this study was to analyze the role of public institutions on Twitter campaign #yomevacuno to deal with misinformation about vaccination against COVID-19. METHODS This paper performs a social network analysis and content analysis of Twitter data, using NodeXL software, from December 8th to 23rd, 2020. Tweets included content #yomevacuno hashtag. RESULTS A total of 6,080 interactions were collected, 82% were tweets. Data shows that public institutions generate 53.36% of traffic information, the most important was the Ministerio de Sanidad from Spain. Content analysis revealed that 48% of a sample of 50 Tweets the message was focused on vaccination as a social responsibility to defeat COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS The communication strategy of #yomevacuno hashtag, has been led by the Ministerio de Sanidad of Spain, by comparison to other campaigns in which there was no large presence of public institutions. This case represents the importance of social media as a way to spread information and prevention, even in public health and the need for them to be led by public organizations rather than by individual users.
Association Between Primary Headache and Bruxism: An Updated Systematic Review.

AIMS To answer the question: among observational studies, is there any association between primary headaches and bruxism in adults? MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic review of observational studies was performed. The search was performed in seven main databases and three gray literature databases. Studies in which samples were composed of adult patients were included. Primary headaches were required to be diagnosed by the International Classification of Headache Disorders. Any diagnostic method for bruxism was accepted. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool and the Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (MAStARI) tool. Associations were analyzed by calculating odds ratios (OR) in Review Manager 5.3 software. The evidence certainty was screened by Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria. RESULTS Of the 544 articles reviewed, 5 met the inclusion criteria for qualitative analysis. The included studies evaluated both awake and sleep bruxism, as well as tension-type headaches and migraines as primary headaches. Among two migraine studies, one showed an OR of 1.79 (95% CI: 0.96 to 3.33) and another 1.97 (95% CI: 1.5 to 2.55). On the other hand, among three tension-type headache studies, there was a positive association only with awake bruxism, with an OR of 5.23 (95% CI: 2.57 to 10.65). All included articles had a positive answer for more than 60% of the risk of bias questions. The evidence certainty varied between low and very low. Due to high heterogeneity among the studies, it was impossible to perform a meta-analysis. CONCLUSION Patients with awake bruxism have from 5 to 17 times more chance of having tension-type headaches. Sleep bruxism did not have any association with tension-type headache, and the association with migraines is controversial.
The Classical, Yet Controversial, First Enzyme of Lipid Synthesis: Escherichia coli Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase

Escherichia coli acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), the enzyme responsible for synthesis of the malonyl-CoA, the building block of fatty acid synthesis, is the paradigm bacterial ACC. Many reports on the structures and stoichiometry of the four subunits comprising the active enzyme as well as on regulation of ACC activity and expression have appeared in the almost 20 years since this subject was last reviewed. This review seeks to update and expand on these reports. SUMMARY Escherichia coli acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), the enzyme responsible for synthesis of malonyl-CoA, the building block of fatty acid synthesis, is the paradigm bacterial ACC. Many reports on the structures and stoichiometry of the four subunits comprising the active enzyme as well as on regulation of ACC activity and expression have appeared in the almost 20 years since this subject was last reviewed. This review seeks to update and expand on these reports.
MicroRNA-193a-5p exerts a tumor suppressive role in epithelial ovarian cancer by modulating RBBP6

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), a gynecological tumor, is associated with high mortality. MicroRNAs (miRs) serve a crucial role in EOC; however, the mechanisms underlying the effect of miRNA-193a-5p in EOC are not completely understood. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the expression levels of miR-193a-5p in serum samples of patients with EOC and to determine the role of miR-193a-5p in EOC. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was used to analyze the expression levels of miR-193a-5p in serum samples of patients with EOC and EOC cell lines. The effects of miR-193a-5p and RB binding protein 6, ubiquitin ligase (RBBP6) on the biological functions of EOC were determined by conducting a series of in vitro cell function experiments. The results indicated that the expression levels of miR-193a-5p were significantly decreased in serum samples obtained from patients with EOC and EOC cell lines compared with healthy individuals and normal cells, respectively. Further investigations indicated that RBBP6 was a target gene of miR-193a-5p. The expression levels of RBBP6 were significantly increased in patients with EOC compared with healthy individuals. In addition, in vitro analysis suggested that miR-193a-5p mimic significantly decreased SKOV3 cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and promoted SKOV3 cell apoptosis compared with the control and mimic-negative control groups. In addition, RBBP6 overexpression reversed miR-193a-5p mimic-mediated effects. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested that downregulated expression levels of miR-193a-5p may serve an inhibitory role in EOC by inhibiting cell proliferation and metastasis, and promoting apoptosis.
Patterns of extreme temperature-related catastrophic events in Europe including the Russian Federation: a cross-sectional analysis of the Emergency Events Database

Objective To investigate reported extreme temperature-related catastrophic events and associated mortality on the European continent including the Russian Federation. Design Cross-sectional respecting Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) criteria. Settings Data source: Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT). Participants Search criteria: location—European continent including Russian Federation, time—years 1988 until 2019 (close of database 12 July 2019), catastrophic events—extreme temperatures. Primary outcome measures Numbers of heat waves, cold waves, severe winter conditions and associated number of deaths, overall, and per country and year, respecting STROBE criteria. Results The most frequent type of the 243 events recorded in EM-DAT were cold waves (54.7%). However, cold waves and severe winter conditions only accounted for 6460 deaths (4.5%), while heat waves were associated with 137 533 deaths (95.5%). The five most severe heat waves in 2003, 2006, 2010, 2013 and 2015 were associated with a total of 135 089 deaths. The most severe heat waves were geographically distributed over the Russian Federation (2010), as well as France, Italy, Spain and Germany, each in 2003. Conclusion Although cold waves are more frequently reported in EM-DAT, heat waves are the major cause for temperature-related deaths. In order to better protect the public, it is important to address resiliency and vulnerability of populations at risk and age groups.
The Implementation of the Sexual Assault Forensic Examination Telehealth Center: A Program Evaluation

Supplemental digital content is available in the text. ABSTRACT Introduction Substantial disparities in the quality of post-sexual-assault (SA) care exist in the United States, particularly in rural areas. This study evaluates the implementation of the Sexual Assault Forensic Examination Telehealth Center, a program to improve SA care by increasing access to experienced sexual assault nurse examiners via telehealth, in three rural hospitals. Materials and Methods The Dynamic Sustainability Framework (DSF) guided the implementation of the intervention. Survey and implementation data were evaluated 1 year after implementation using a nonexperimental pre–post design. Outcomes include patient and nurse perceptions of telehealth, local site nurse (LSN) confidence, and hospital protocol/policy changes. Results Forty-one telehealth consultations were completed in the program's first year. An average of 34 system-level protocol changes were made per site. LSNs demonstrated statistically significant increases in confidence to provide SA care at 1 year. LSNs and telehealth sexual assault nurse examiners (expert consultants) reported that quality of SA care improved (87% and 83%, respectively). Patients highly rated the care they received (83%), reported telehealth improved care (78%), and reported feeling better after the examination (74%). Discussion Using the DSF for implementation supported a tailored approach and successful adoption and also allowed for program iteration based on lessons learned. Conclusions The Sexual Assault Forensic Examination Telehealth model resulted in improved local nurse confidence in provision of SA care, nurse perception of improvement in care quality, and high patient care experience ratings. These findings and the use of the DSF have implications for SA specialty care implementation in rural communities.
Structural, Magnetic, Electrical, and Magnetoelectric Properties of Sm- and Ho-Substituted Nickel Ferrites

Sm- and Ho-substituted and pure nickel ferrite materials, namely, NiFe1.925Sm0. 075O4, NiFe1.925Ho0. 075O4, and NiFe2O4, have been synthesized by the solid-state chemical reaction, and their structural, magnetic, dc electrical conductivity, ferromagnetic, ferroelectric, and dielectric properties have been evaluated. Sm- and Ho-substituted nickel ferrites crystallize in the cubic inverse spinel phase with a very small amount of SmFeO3 and HoFeO3 as the additional phase, respectively. X-ray diffraction studies indicate rhombohedral distortion in NiFe1.925Sm0. 075O4 and NiFe1.925Ho0. 075O4 compounds. The existence of ferroelectricity in NiFe1.925Sm0. 075O4 and NiFe1.925Ho0. 075O4 has been confirmed from the ferroelectric loops, and the respective transition temperatures are 543 and 677 K. The respective magnetocapacitance values are −1.8% and −1.2%. Magnetoelectric coefficients observed at 500 Oe in the NiFe1.925Sm0. 075O4 and NiFe1.925Ho0. 075O4 compounds are 1.82 and 1.84 mV cm−1 Oe−1, respectively. A considerable.
Integrating gut microbiome and host immune markers to understand the pathogenesis of Clostridioides difficile infection

ABSTRACT Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) infection is the most common cause of healthcare–associated infection and an important cause of morbidity and mortality among hospitalized patients. A comprehensive understanding of C. difficile infection (CDI) pathogenesis is crucial for disease diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Here, we characterized gut microbial compositions and a broad panel of innate and adaptive immunological markers in 243 well-characterized human subjects (including 187 subjects with both microbiota and immune marker data), who were divided into four phenotype groups: CDI, Asymptomatic Carriage, Non-CDI Diarrhea, and Control. We found that the interactions between gut microbiota and host immune markers are very sensitive to the status of C. difficile colonization and infection. We demonstrated that incorporating both gut microbiome and host immune marker data into classification models can better distinguish CDI from other groups than can either type of data alone. Our classification models display robust diagnostic performance to differentiate CDI from Asymptomatic carriage (AUC~0.916), Non-CDI Diarrhea (AUC~0.917), or Non-CDI that combines all other three groups (AUC~0.929). Finally, we performed symbolic classification using selected features to derive simple mathematic formulas that explicitly quantify the interactions between the gut microbiome and host immune markers. These findings support the potential roles of gut microbiota and host immune markers in the pathogenesis of CDI. Our study provides new insights for a microbiome-immune marker-derived signature to diagnose CDI and design therapeutic strategies for CDI.