Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of oxygen fugacity on the storage of water in wadsleyite and olivine in H and H–C fluids and implications for melting atop the transition zone

Abstract. This study aims to experimentally constrain the water storage capacities of olivine and wadsleyite at a depth near 410 km (12–14 GPa) under water-saturated conditions, as a function of temperature, oxygen fugacity, and the presence of carbon (molar H / C of 2). Experiments have been conducted in the multi-anvil press, with sealed double capsules to preserve fluids, at 1200 to 1400 ∘C and three different oxygen fugacities fixed at the rhenium–rhenium oxide buffer (RRO), nickel–nickel oxide buffer (NNO), and iron-wüstite (IW) for oxidizing, intermediate, and reducing conditions, respectively. The water contents of minerals were measured by Raman spectroscopy that allows a very small beam size to be used and were cross-checked on a few samples with NanoSIMS analyses. We observe an effect, although slight, of fO2 on the water storage capacity of both wadsleyite and olivine and also on their solidus temperatures. At 1200 ∘C, the storage capacity of the nominally anhydrous minerals (NAMS) increases with increasing oxygen fugacity (from the IW to the RRO buffer) from 1 wt % to 1.5 wt % H2O in wadsleyite and from 0.1 wt % to 0.2 wt % in olivine, owing to the increase in H2O / H2 speciation in the fluid, whereas at 1400 ∘C the storage capacity decreases from 1 wt % to 0.75 wt % H2O in wadsleyite and down to 0.03 wt % for olivine. At high temperature, the water storage capacity is lowered due to melting, and the more oxidized the conditions are the more the solidus is depressed. Still, at 1400 ∘C and IW, wadsleyite can store substantial amounts of water: 0.8 wt % to 1 wt % H2O. The effect of carbon is to decrease water storage capacity in both wadsleyite and olivine by an average factor 2 at 1300–1400 ∘C. The trends in water storage as a function of fO2 and C presence are confirmed by NanoSIMS measurements. The solidus at IW without C is located between 1300 and 1400 ∘C in the wadsleyite stability field and drops to temperatures below 1300 ∘C in the olivine stability field. With the addition of C, the solidus is found between 1200 and 1300 ∘C in both olivine and wadsleyite stability fields.
IMPLEMENTASI WONDERWARE SYSTEM PLATFORM PADA OTOMASI INDUSTRI MINUMAN

SCADA merupakan sistem yang digunakan untuk mengontrol dan memonitor proses dalam suatu industri. Wonderware System Platform merupakan salah satu sistem SCADA. Wonderware System Platform sebagai suatu sistem SCADA terdiri dari Historian sebagai data logger, Historian Client sebagai data reporting, DA Server sebagai perantara antara SCADA dengan PLC, dan InTouch sebagai antarmuka manusia dengan mesin. Industri di Indonesia pada umumnya masih memanfaatkan InTouch stand-alone dimana tidak memiliki beberapa fitur-fitur penting pada System Platform. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbedaan System Platform dengan InTouch stand-alone. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mensimulasikan beberapa proses pada industri minuman menggunakan simulator Siemens S7-1200 yang di dalamnya terdapat tombol dan lampu untuk membantu proses simulasi. Dari penelitian didapatkan bahwa System Platform memiliki beberapa fitur utama yang tidak dimiliki oleh InTouch stand-alone seperti distributed application dimana pengguna dapat men-deploy aplikasi ke beberapa komputer client dalam satu jaringan, kustomisasi objek menggunakan symbol editor, terdapat library situasional awareness sehingga dapat dengan mudah menerapkan high perfomance HMI, dan kelebihan lainnya.
Prevalencia de Babesiosis bovina en el distrito de Cuñumbuqui, Perú

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la prevalencia de babesiosis bovina en los diferentes hatos ganaderos del distrito de Cuñumbuqui, provincia de Lamas, departamento de San Martin, Perú, para la cual se evaluaron 366 animales de acuerdo a la categoría, sexo, raza y localidad de procedencia. Los resultados de los análisis de los frotis sanguíneos mediante la técnica de tinción Wright dieron 24 muestras positivas representando una prevalencia de Babesia spp de 6,6 ± 0,01297 en 12 localidades muestreadas. En relación a la edad (categoría) del animal y la presencia del hemoparásito, la categoría vaca presentó mayor prevalencia (6,01%). No existe relación significativa entre la procedencia del animal y la presencia de Babesia spp, de las 12 localidades evaluadas. Con respecto al sexo, raza de los bovinos, no existe dependencia estadística con la Babesia spp. En conclusión, la Babesia spp, está presente en el distrito de Cuñumbuqui y esta puede presentarse en cualquier categoría del animal con mayor incidencia en vacas, así como en cualquier raza y sexo.
Quantified Weighted Constraint Satisfaction Problems

Soft constraints are functions returning costs, and are ess ntial in modeling overconstrained and optimization problems. Weighted constrai nt satisfaction is a soft constraint framework, aiming to find a complete assignment w ith minimum costs. Recently, we are interested in exploring constraint framewo rks with adversaries. Quantified constraint satisfaction, which associates ∃ and∀ quantifiers with variables, is one of these frameworks. We are interested in tackling soft constrained problems wit h adversarial conditions. Aiming at generalizing the weighted and quantified constraint satisfaction frameworks, aQuantified Weighted Constraint Satisfaction Problem (QWCSP) consists of a set of finite domain variables, a set of soft constra ints, and amin or max quantifier associated with each of these variables. We forma lly define QWCSP, and give examples to show how we compute the costs we desire. We give a complete solver based on alpha-beta pruning, follo wed by discussions on the general pruning conditions allowing us to furth er prune the search space. Node and arc consistency notions satisfying these co nditions are introduced. Furthermore, we suggest two value ordering heuristics to in crease efficiency. These notions and heuristics exploit the semantics of the quantifi ers. QWCSPs are useful special cases of QCOP/QCOP+, and can be solved a s a QCOP/QCOP+. Restricting our attention to only QWCSPs, we show emp irically that our proposed solving techniques can better exploit pro blem characteristics than those developed for QCOP/QCOP+. Experimental results confirm the feasibility and efficiency of our proposals.
Efficient Implementation of Finite Field Multipliers over Binary Extension Fields

Cryptography can be categorized into two fundamentally different classes: symmetric-key and public-key (also known as asymmetric-key). Contrary to symmetric-key cryptography where the robustness of the security mechanism relies on a single key being known merely to the sender and receiver, public-key cryptography functions using two separate, but mathematically related keys. Elliptic curve (EC) and ElGamal cryptosystems are two important examples of public-key cryptosystems based totally on finite field arithmetic. Elliptic Curve (EC) cryptosystem is the most efficient public key cryptographic system used in practice. The capability of establishing equivalent security levels with shorter key sizes makes EC cryptosystems appealing for a variety of applications. However, it is computationally intensive and has considerably higher power consumption compared to non-public key cryptosystems. Realization of EC cryptosystems are often described as a hierarchy of operations in which finite field arithmetic operations form the bottom-most layer of the hierarchy. Finite field multiplication is a key operation used in all cryptosystems relied on finite field arithmetic as it not only is computationally complex but also one of the most frequently used finite field operations. The works reported in this dissertation mainly focus on the efficient computation and implementation of finite field multipliers from a hardware implementation point of view.
LOW-FREQUENCY RADIO OBSERVATIONS OF THE SOLAR CORONA WITH ARCMINUTE ANGULAR RESOLUTION: IMPLICATIONS FOR CORONAL TURBULENCE AND WEAK ENERGY RELEASES

We report on the first long baseline interferometer (length ≈8 km) observations of the solar corona at 37 MHz that were carried out recently with an angular resolution of . The results indicate that, (1) discrete radio sources of the aforesaid angular size or even lesser are present in the solar corona from where radiation at the above frequency originates. This constrains the angular broadening of radio sources at low frequencies due to scattering by density turbulence in the solar corona; and (2) the observed sources in the present case correspond to the weakest energy releases in the solar atmosphere reported so far.
Students' View of Causes, Forms and Solutions of Lecturers' Involvement in Corrupt Practices in Tertiary Educational Institutions, Kwara State Nigeria

This descriptive survey investigated students' views on lecturers' engagement in corrupt practices within Kwara State's tertiary educational institutions in Nigeria. The study targeted NCE. Three-level students, with 150 respondents randomly sampled using stratified and purposive techniques from public Colleges of Education. A researcher-designed questionnaire was used, addressing four research questions. Mean and standard deviation analyzed the data, revealing a high level of lecturer involvement in Corruption. Causes cited included greed, students' disinterest in learning, weak enforcement of anti-corruption laws, and lecturer intimidation. Corrupt practices identified encompassed money extortion from students, sexual harassment, score manipulation, forcing `handout purchases, and certificate forgery. Proposed solutions included timely salary payments, robust anti-corruption groups, funding lecturers' international conferences, strict sanctions against wrongdoers, and merit-based recruitment and promotion. These findings emphasize the need to combat Corruption, preserve institutional integrity, and create a conducive learning atmosphere. Implementation of effective anti-corruption measures can promote ethical academic conduct, ensuring transparent and accountable educational systems. Further research and practical interventions are vital to curb Corruption's impact on Nigeria's educational sector.
Comparison of Morphological Sex Assessment and Genetic Sex Determination on Adult and Sub-Adult 17th–19th Century Skeletal Remains

Highlights Morphological methods for sex assessment achieved accuracy of 72% on non-adults and 97% on adults. Sex was assessed for 71% and determined for 94% of the individuals. Combining morphological and genetic method allowed all the individuals to be sexed. Applied morphological methods performed well on Slovenian post-medieval adults, while poorly on non-adults. Abstract The first step in the analysis of human skeletal remains is the establishment of the biological profile of an individual. This includes sex assessment, which depends highly on the age of the individual and on the completeness and preservation state of the remains. Macroscopic methods only provide the assessment of sex, while for sex determination, molecular methods need to be included. However, poor preservation of the remains can make molecular methods impossible and only assessment can be performed. Presented research compares DNA-determined and morphologically assessed sex of adult and non-adult individuals buried in a modern-age cemetery (17th to late 19th century) in Ljubljana, Slovenia. The aim of the study was to assess the accuracy of commonly used macroscopic methods for sex assessment on a Slovenian post-medieval population. Results demonstrate that for adults, macroscopic methods employed are highly reliable and pelvic morphology, even the sciatic notch alone, is more reliable than skull. In non-adults, macroscopic methods are not as reliable as in adults, which agrees with previous research. This study shows how morphological and molecular methods can go hand in hand when building a biological profile of an individual. On their own, each methodology presented some individuals with undetermined sex, while together, sex of all the individuals was provided. Results confirm suitability of sex assessment based on skull and especially pelvic morphology in Slovenian post-medieval adults, while in the non-adult population molecular methods are advised.
Biodiesel Co‐Product (BCP) amendment drives beneficial soil microbiome assembly promoting acid soil health

Biodiesel Co‐Product (BCP) amendment has been shown to decrease both nitrate leaching and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in acidic soil; however, the effects of BCP on the soil microbiome have not been investigated thoroughly. In this study, we investigated the response of prokaryotic and fungal communities in aspects of structure, diversity, and co‐occurrence network to the BCP amendment following complete mixing application (0–18‐cm depth) of 1.5 mg BCP‐C g−1 and surface application (0–6‐cm depth) of 4.5 mg BCP‐C g−1 via high‐throughput 16S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) amplicon sequencing. The amendment altered microbial communities significantly by increasing the relative abundances of Proteobacteria (Burkholderia) and Ascomycota (Trichoderma) in prokaryotic and fungal communities, respectively. Only a higher rate application (4.5 mg BCP‐C g−1) decreased prokaryotic alpha diversity, whereas all rates of amendment decreased fungal diversity. The co‐occurrence network of prokaryotes had more nodes and links and a higher average degree and clustering coefficient than the fungal network with BCP addition. The majority of keystone species in prokaryotic and fungal networks were from Proteobacteria and Ascomycota taxa. Of note, the BCP amendment significantly increased the OTU numbers of potential biocontrol agents, including Trichoderma (T.) spirale, T. koningiopsis, and T. virens, etc., while decreased OTU numbers related to plant pathogens species, particularly in the complete mixing application. Our work highlights the potential for BCP amendments to promote the assembly of a healthy soil microbiome by enhancing the abundance of potential biocontrol microbes while reducing plant pathogens species, which may contribute to soil health.
A case of spontaneous hemothorax causing massive pleural effusion following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy

Background: Pleural effusion is a rare complication of sleeve gastrectomy. It has many possible etiologies, including gastric leakage, gastropleural fistula formation, splenic abscess, and complications related to administered medications, such as spontaneous hemothorax secondary to anticoagulants. Case Presentation: An unusual case of a 46-year-old woman was reported, who was presented to the ER ten days after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy complaining of dyspnea, chest pain, and dry cough for four days. Imaging confirmed massive pleural effusion on the left side. The patient showed improvement after intensive care unit (ICU ) admission and drainage via the chest tube. Conclusion: Sleeve gastrectomies are associated with several complications. Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) as prophylaxis for portal vein thrombosis (PVT) leads to a spontaneous hemothorax. Unfortunately, CT with contrast could not be performed because of vital instability. However, it was concluded that a massive spontaneous hemothorax occurred due to low molecular weight heparin. The patient was admitted to ICU and underwent slow drainage of pleural effusion until complete recovery.
First‐principles study of structural, electronic, elastic, and optical properties of cubic KNbO3 and KTaO3 crystals

Cubic KNbO3 and KTaO3 crystals are studied using the first‐principles VASP code. By employing local density approximation (LDA), GGA‐PBE, and HSE06, the lattice parameters are optimized and compared with available experimental data, and the best agreement is achieved with HSE06. Electronic structures such as density of states, band structures, and charge‐density distribution are discussed in detail for both crystals. The single‐crystal elastic constants, polycrystalline elastic modulus, compressibility, Poisson's ratio, and anisotropy factors are obtained from the Voigt–Reuss–Hill approximation. The elastic anisotropy is modeled and visualized in the light of the elastic properties of both systems. The bandgaps of the two crystals are calculated with LDA, PBE, HSE06, and GW approximations (GW0), and the results of HSE06 and GW0 agree well with experimental data. Then the more reliable optical properties of KNbO3 and KTaO3 are acquired based on the bandgaps with HSE06, in which the previous scissors operator correction is avoided. Both crystals are brittle, and KTaO3 exhibits higher hardness and stiffness than KNbO3. Some novel results, such as Debye temperatures, sound velocities, and the extreme values of Young's modulus are obtained.
Princípios fisicos básicos do exame de tomografia de coerência óptica

Tomografia por coerência óptica (OCT – sigla referente a optical coherence tomography) é um exame de imagem não invasivo, capaz de gerar análises da seção transversal de tecidos biológicos. O exame de OCT gera imagens a partir da luz refletida e retroespalhada pelos materiais, possuindo diversas aplicações em várias áreas da saúde, como na oftalmologia, cardiologia e gastroenterologia por exemplo. O escopo deste texto é apresentar de forma didática os princípios do funcionamento da tomografia obtida através de fontes de luz coerentes.
THE KURAMOTO-SIV ASIDNSKY EQUATION: A BRIDGE BETWEEN POE'S AND DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS

Through extensive numerical simulation, we have characterized the transItIon to chaos of the solutions to the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation. The attracting solution manifolds undergo a complex bifurcation sequence including multimodal fixed points, invariant tori, traveling wave trains, and homoclinic orbits. We relate this behavior to earlier work where the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation was shown to behave as a finite dimensional dynamical system of ordinary differential equations.
The links between marine plastic litter and the air-sea flux of greenhouse gases

Climate change and plastic pollution are two of the most pressing environmental challenges caused by human activity, and they are directly and indirectly linked. We focus on the relationship between marine plastic litter and the air-sea flux of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Marine plastic litter has the potential to both enhance and reduce oceanic GHG fluxes, but this depends on many factors that are not well understood. Different kinds of plastic behave quite differently in the sea, affecting air-sea gas exchange in different, largely unknown, ways. The mechanisms of air-sea exchange of GHGs have been extensively studied and if air-sea gas transfer coefficients and concentrations of the gas in water and air are known, calculating the resulting GHG fluxes is reasonably straightforward. However, relatively little is known about the consequences of marine plastic litter for gas transfer coefficients, concentrations, and fluxes. Here we evaluate the most important aspects controlling the exchange of GHGs between the sea and the atmosphere and how marine plastic litter could change these. The aim is to move towards improving air-sea GHG flux calculations in the presence of plastic litter and we have largely limited ourselves to identifying processes, rather than estimating relative importance.
The role of p53 in anti-tumor immunity and response to immunotherapy

p53 is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes involved in tumor suppression. p53 mutations mediate tumorigenesis and occur in approximately 50% of human cancers. p53 regulates hundreds of target genes that induce various cell fates including apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and DNA damage repair. p53 also plays an important role in anti-tumor immunity by regulating TRAIL, DR5, TLRs, Fas, PKR, ULBP1/2, and CCL2; T-cell inhibitory ligand PD-L1; pro-inflammatory cytokines; immune cell activation state; and antigen presentation. Genetic alteration of p53 can contribute to immune evasion by influencing immune cell recruitment to the tumor, cytokine secretion in the TME, and inflammatory signaling pathways. In some contexts, p53 mutations increase neoantigen load which improves response to immune checkpoint inhibition. Therapeutic restoration of mutated p53 can restore anti-cancer immune cell infiltration and ameliorate pro-tumor signaling to induce tumor regression. Indeed, there is clinical evidence to suggest that restoring p53 can induce an anti-cancer immune response in immunologically cold tumors. Clinical trials investigating the combination of p53-restoring compounds or p53-based vaccines with immunotherapy have demonstrated anti-tumor immune activation and tumor regression with heterogeneity across cancer type. In this Review, we discuss the impact of wild-type and mutant p53 on the anti-tumor immune response, outline clinical progress as far as activating p53 to induce an immune response across a variety of cancer types, and highlight open questions limiting effective clinical translation.
A study of inclusive education provision in Zambia: Curriculum reform

Background The study is conducted to investigate whether curriculum reform for learners with special education needs (SEN) is taking place in Zambia. Objectives The study objective were to investigate the extent to which curriculum had been reformed to facilitate the inclusion of children with SEN in Zambia; and determine stakeholders understanding of inclusive education policy, to evaluate the success of an inclusive programme in supporting the full inclusion of learners with SEN. Method This study used a mixed method research design which involved data collection in seven provinces of Zambia. The researchers employed purposive sampling. The largest number of respondents were SEN teachers and administrators. The qualitative data collection tools included semi-structured interviews of individuals and focus groups. The quantitative data came from a questionnaire completed by teachers and supervisors as well as from government documents. The quantitative data were analysed using SOFA Statistics, while the qualitative data were analysed using ATLAS-TI 7. Results Limited curriculum reform remains one of the main impediments to the implementation of the inclusive policy for children with SEN in Zambia. Conclusion It is concluded that without curriculum reform the implementation of inclusive education in Zambia will be challenging. Contribution There is a dearth of information regarding curriculum reform in Zambia. This is one of the studies that is attempting to plug the information gap on curriculum reform.