Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ENVIRONMENT ENERGY BUDGET OF TRIPS (EEBT): A NEW APPROACH TO ASSESS THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF URBAN MOBILITY

The "Environment Energy Budget of Trips" (EEBT) is a new approach relating the inventory of mobility-related energy consumption and pollutant emissions to individual travel behaviour. As opposed to more traditional inventory methods, it is not intended to determine the overall pollutant emissions generated by traffic. Its purpose is rather to simulate the variations of energy and environmental impacts of the population mobility within a given urban area as a result of the global change in individual behaviour. This paper presents some concluding results obtained on three large French urban regions: Grenoble, Paris and Lille.
Richness of Training Data Does Not Sufﬁce: Robustness of Neural Networks Requires Richness of Hidden-Layer Activations

To learn the parameters of a model with an on-line learning algorithm accurately, the signals that pass through the parameter estimates should satisfy a certain richness condition, such as having and maintaining full rank, throughout the training procedure. When gradient descent algorithm is used to train a neural network, it also creates an online learning problem. Consequently, robust estimation of the network parameters requires that both the training data and the hidden-layer activations fulﬁll a richness condition throughout the training procedure. In this work, we analyze the dynamics of the gradient descent algorithm on feedforward networks, and we derive sufﬁcient conditions on the training data and the hidden-layer activations to guarantee boundedness of the model parameters after training. In light of the conditions derived, we propose a new training al-gorithm that improves the richness of the hidden-layer activations during training. We demonstrate that the proposed algorithm yields comparable margin characteristics on the training and test data for a network trained for a classiﬁcation task with CIFAR-10 dataset.
Assessing the Accuracy of Cash Flow Models: The Significance of Payment Conditions

Cash flow forecasting methods have evolved to allow detailed predictions for individual projects. These methods, principally the cost-schedule integration (CSI) technique, make extensive use of project estimate and schedule data. An implicit assumption of these methods has been that accuracy is largely a function of the quality of data available to the model. To the writers' knowledge, there has been no assessment of the ability of project specific cash-flow models to accurately predict cash flows given accurate input data. This paper makes two contributions. First, two complementary methods are presented—pattern matching logic and factorial analysis—that provide an ability to assess the accuracy of cash flow models. Second, through demonstration of these methods using data from two projects, a critique is made of the ability of existing CSI models to accurately predict cash flows. The paper concludes by recommending extensions of CSI models to include more detailed payment conditions, including differential payment lags, components for materials and labor, and payment frequency. A further conclusion is the call for more research to better understand the balance between managers' need for information and the ability of predictive models to provide that information.
BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF METAL WASTE RECLAMATION WITH SEWAGE SLUDGE IN POLAND

In the past ten years about 3000 waste-water treatment plants have been built in Poland. The result of this development has been a massive increase in overall sludge production. According to data supplied by the Ministry of Environmental Protection, 400,000 dry tons of sludge are generated every year in Poland (Koblak-Kalinska 1996). Still it is difficult to estimate the amount of sludge which is used in agriculture or for reclamation purposes. However, it can be assumed that this comes to no more than 10 percent of all sludge produced in Poland on a yearly basis. Thus it became obvious that an urgent solution to this problem was needed. Local authorities in Silesia realized in the early 90’s that a demonstration was necessary to encourage the proper utilization of sludge. This was the basis for establishing the Biosolids Subpart of the Silesia Project which addressed the use of biosolids in the reclamation of mining and smelting dumps (Stuczynski et al. 1996). Metal waste sites themselves are known to contain more than 87 million tons of waste (Pistelok et al. 1995). Each year this amount increases by approximately 400,000 tons. We realized that a simple solution for stabilizing these sites would be to cover them with vegetation in order to reduce leaching of toxic elements, as well as to keep metallic fugitive dust from entering the environment. The reclamation of smelter waste sites which was carried out within the framework of the Silesia Project was a joint effort of local government, industry and international research institutions/agencies, including the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Center for Research and Control of the Environment (OBIKS), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and IUNG. One of the goals was to evaluate the possibility of adapting the rules of sludge management currently used in the United States to conditions commonly found here in industrial regions of Poland. However, the main objective of the Silesia Project was the development of guidelines concerning all aspects of sludge use for the reclamation of degraded lands and waste sites. Biological aspects related to reclamation of metal waste with the use of biosolids will be discussed in this paper.
Influence of the technological innovation degree on knowledge creation: Evidence from a Brazilian firm

The aim of this paper is to analyze the process of knowledge creation when developing high technology products in projects having various innovation degrees. The main contribution to the literature is the systematization of an approach to analyze knowledge creation during the product innovation process. Three innovation projects developed by a company specialized in industrial automation systems were investigated using case studies. The knowledge creation processes, which took place in these three projects, were analyzed comparatively. As a distinctive result of this paper, the main features of the knowledge creation processes influenced by a degree of technological innovation are identified. Key words: Knowledge creation, innovation, development of high technology products.
Relationship of tracheid length, annual ring width, and wood density in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees from different social classes of tree position in the stand

This study investigated the relationship between the length of the tracheids, the width of annual rings, and the wood density of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) obtained from the dominant, intermediate, and suppressed classes of a 60-year-old stand. Measurement of tracheid length was performed on the material macerated from the following annual rings: 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and thence every 5 annual rings. Basic density was determined on samples that included five annual rings from the core to bark. Tree position in the stand had a significant impact on the examined properties of wood. In a given biosocial class, tracheid length decreased as the width of annual rings increased. As the biosocial position of a tree in the stand improved, the length of the tracheids increased, and wood density decreased. In wood of the same density range, the increment in tracheid length was the greatest in wood of dominant trees and the lowest in wood of suppressed trees.
Design of novel microstrip low‐pass filter using defected ground structure

A novel microstrip low‐pass filter utilizing defected ground structure (DGS) units is presented in this article. A DGS unit is simulated with different physical dimensions in order to show variation of attenuation pole and cut‐off frequency. Next, a low‐pass filter using proposed DGS unit is designed. A method for determining dimensions of microstrip structure and DGS units is proposed. Influence of dimensions of the microstrip structure on filter characteristics is investigated and simulated. Filters of various orders are simulated as well. Selected filter is simulated and experimentally verified. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 10–13, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22982
Utilizing reduced build concepts in the development of insulation systems for large motors

In the last decade, significant technology advancements have dramatically altered approaches to electrical insulation development. This revolution came about with the discovery and patenting in the 1980s, of the use of inorganic fillers to enhance the electrical properties of insulating materials. The first commercial introduction was to increase the corona resistance of enamelled wire, a product used for many years as strand and turn insulation in the manufacture of electrical motors and generators. More recently, the concepts surrounding the advantages of corona resistance have migrated to insulating composites. This paper reviews the developments of one manufacturer, in introducing corona resistant insulation systems to vertical generators, the benefits accrued, and the preliminary introduction of these concepts into the large motor arena.
SAP BUSINESS SUITE

Aplikasi perusahaan Terpadu disampaikan dengan SAP Business Suite perangkat lunak memungkinkan perusahaan seperti Anda untuk menjalankan dan mengoptimalkan bisnis dan strategi TI. SAP Business Suite memungkinkan Anda untuk melakukan penting, khusus industri, dan bisnis-dukungan proses dengan solusi modular yang dirancang untuk bekerja dengan SAP lainnya dan non-SAP software. Organisasi dan departemen di semua industri dapat menggunakan aplikasi bisnis kami dengan cara langkah-bijaksana untuk mengatasi tantangan bisnis yang spesifik pada jadwal mereka sendiri dan tanpa upgrade mahal. Aplikasi bisnis kami memberikan wawasan yang lebih baik dan visibilitas di seluruh organisasi, meningkatkan efisiensi dan efektivitas operasional, dan meningkatkan fleksibilitas untuk mengatasi perubahan bisnis. Anda secara bertahap dapat beradaptasi dan menyesuaikan aplikasi Bisnis Suite SAP melalui paket perangkat tambahan yang mengurangi kebutuhan untuk upgrade mahal dan memakan waktu. SAP Business Suite aplikasi meningkatkan visibilitas di seluruh departemen dan silo bisnis - meningkatkan kemampuan Anda untuk membuat keputusan bisnis yang jelas dan menghilangkan kemacetan proses.
Nanosilver Immobilized in Carbonaceous Particles Derived from Hydrothermal Carbonization of Eleusine indica Leaf Extract

In this study, for the first time, hydrothermal treatment of Eleusine indica leaf extract and silver nitrate produced nanosilver immobilized in hydrothermal carbon synthesized at different reaction times (RT) - 6, 12, 24 and 48 h. The surface morphology of nanosilver hydrochar (AgNP@hydrochar) composites was studied using SEM, while their chemical functionalities were investigated using FT-IR, UV-Vis, XRF and EDX spectroscopy. The AgNP@hydrochar were observed to be agglomerated spherical particles with size ranges from 128 to 171 nm. Varying C=O and C=C IR absorption peaks at different RT suggested that the plant extract reduced Ag+ into Ag0 in solution. Elemental analysis using EDX showed that Ag is dominant in the composite (84.07 %) supported by the Ag spatial distribution as demonstrated by the EDX elemental mapping. HIGHLIGHTS For the first time, hydrothermal treatment of Eleusine indica leaf extract with silver nitrate resulted in nanosilver trapped in hydrothermal carbon HTC process of E. indica extract produced composite having agglomerated spherical particles EDX elemental mapping showed an abundant silver in the synthesized composite GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Analytical design and modeling of a transverse flux permanent magnet machine

A transverse flux permanent magnet machine (TFPM) is ideally suited to high torque and lower speed applications such us the generation of electricity by wind-energy and the electric propulsion of naval ships. This paper introduces the basic principles and construction of the transverse flux permanent magnet machine, and illustrates the flux paths of two typical TFPM topologies. The analytical approach to dimensioning an application-specific 20 kW two-phase TFPM with C-form stator cores is provided. The equivalent circuit is given and the important features of TFPM are outlined with the help of solving the equivalent circuit. The instantaneous torque equation, flux linkage equation and voltage equation are also proposed, so that the mathematical model is established.
The Modelling, Prediction, and Experimental Evaluation of Gear Pump Meshing Pressures with Particular Reference to Aero-Engine Fuel Pumps

Abstract This paper presents the development of a model for the evaluation of pressure transients occurring within an involute tooth form twin-pinion gear pump and addresses, in particular, the influence of cavitation. The latter can cause erosion, limiting the life of such pumps, and liberate hard particles, leading to secondary damage elsewhere. The model considers the inter-tooth volumes that are formed at the roots of the driver and driven gears and utilizes the continuity equations by considering compressible flow into and out of these volumes. Cavitation arising from insufficient flow into the expanding inter-tooth volumes is taken into account. The continuity equations are expressed in terms of fluid density rather than pressure. Hence correct solutions are ensured even during cavitating conditions, when the minimum void pressure is fixed at the appropriate vapour pressure. The effectiveness of the model is assessed through gear pump meshing pressure measurement and flow visualization. The significant influence of inlet pressure ripple on low-pressure predictions is also investigated.
Direct and indirect relationships between social media use and body satisfaction: A prospective study among adolescent boys and girls

Cross-sectional research suggests a small, inverse association between social media use and body satisfaction. However, less is known regarding prospective, bidirectional, or mediating effects. In line with sociocultural theory, this study used a three-wave design to examine direct and indirect effects between social media use and body satisfaction, via thin-ideal and muscular-ideal internalisation and social comparisons. Adolescents (n = 1911; Mage = 14.27, SD = 1.08) were invited to complete three surveys over 1 year. Cross-lagged panel models indicated acceptable fit for two social media use operationalisations, with better fit statistics for the appearance-focused use rather than photo-based activities model. Despite largely no direct effects, indirect effects were found. Social comparisons mediated the relationships over time, whereby higher social media use predicted higher comparisons, which predicted lower body satisfaction. The reverse direction was also found. Gender invariance indicates that prevention aimed at reducing comparisons may be suitable for boys and girls.
Fault diagnosis scheme for open-circuit faults in switched reluctance motor drives using fast Fourier transform algorithm with bus current detection

Reliability of power converters is of crucial importance in switched reluctance motor drives used for safety-critical applications. Open-circuit faults in power converters will cause the motor to run in unbalanced states, and if left untreated, they will lead to damage to the motor and power modules, and even cause a catastrophic failure of the whole drive system. This study is focused on using a single current sensor to detect open-circuit faults accurately. An asymmetrical half-bridge converter is considered in this study and the faults of single-phase open and two-phase open are analysed. Three different bus positions are defined. On the basis of a fast Fourier transform algorithm with Blackman window interpolation, the bus current spectrums before and after open-circuit faults are analysed in details. Their fault characteristics are extracted accurately by the normalisations of the phase fundamental frequency component and double phase fundamental frequency component, and the fault characteristics of the three bus detection schemes are also compared. The open-circuit faults can be located by finding the relationship between the bus current and rotor position. The effectiveness of the proposed diagnosis method is validated by the simulation results and experimental tests.
An Empirical Investigation of Union-related Factors Contributing to Labour-Management Relationship in Manufacturing Firms in Sri Lanka

Existing literature reveals a gap in the empirical knowledge in respect of factors that affect Labour-Management Relationship (LMR) at the firm level. The present study, which was part of a comprehensive study of effects of some union-related factors and management-related factors on LMR, empirically evaluated six union-related factors that could have an effect on LMR namely union satisfaction at work, grievance handling, worker discipline administration, worker performance evaluation, union attitudes to management, and competence of union officials. The study involved 202 union officials who were selected from 23 unionised manufacturing firms in Sri Lanka. The results indicated that all the independent variables were positively and significantly correlated to LMR. However, results of regressing the independent variables on LMR showed that union satisfaction at work, grievance handling, worker discipline administration, worker performance evaluation, and union attitudes to management are strong predictors of LMR while competence of union officials is a weak predictor. On the whole, the independent variables accounted for almost 70% of the variance in the LMR. The paper is of empirical and theoretical importance as the findings confirmed an original explanatory model of LMR that could enhance our understanding of the dynamics of LMR and can be applied to enhance LMR in the manufacturing sector in Sri Lanka. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.4038/sljhrm.v1i1. 5113 Sri Lankan Journal of Human Resource Management Vol.1(1) 2007 pp.89-92
Application of Data Mining Technology for Charging System in Hospital

Along with the development of artificial intelligent and computer science, data mining has become a powerful analytical tool to obtain the interested and important information from the amount of noisy and fuzzy data. In this paper, data mining technology is applied to the charging system in hospital. Usually, many unnecessary medical requirements are added to the treatment of patients, which could result in the extra pay and time for such treatment. Thus, this paper presents the definition of one-fee system in hospital for the common disease cases by applying data mining technology, in which, artificial neural networks and association rules (e.g., apriori algorithm) are presented. The presented one-fee definition might provide a reference for the charging system in hospital.
1/f noise in the linear region of LDD MOSFETs

A lightly doped drain (LDD) MOSFET can be decomposed as an intrinsic MOSFET in series with n/sup -/ source and drain regions. Under the assumption that the 1/f noise mainly comes from the intrinsic MOSFET part of the device, an expression for the drain noise power spectrum was developed in terms of terminal voltages. Noise measurements were performed on n-channel devices with effective channel lengths varying from 0.87 to 11.37 mu m. Good agreement between experimental values and theoretical values for a device channel length shorter than 4 mu m was obtained. It was also found that the LDD device has less noise than a conventional-structured MOSFET with the same channel length and operated under same terminal voltages. >
Highly practical fiber squeezer polarization controller

The authors developed a fiber squeezer polarization controller satisfying these requirements: (1) stable endless operation, (2) high response speed in the endless operation, and (3) protection from fiber break, a particular problem in a fiber squeezer polarization controller. The developed controller realized a stable endless operation with less than 0.1-dB power penalty under 40 degrees C fiber squeezer temperature change. In addition, a practically sufficient response speed of 15 pi rad/s was obtained in an endless operation. A metal-coated fiber used in the fiber squeezers was confirmed to be effective in preventing fiber break by a repetitive load application test (5-10 kg, one million times) to the metal-coated fiber. These techniques could realize a practical and high performance polarization controller for a coherent transmission system. >
DC-link voltage control of a single-phase photovoltaic inverter

This paper investigates DC-link voltage control in a single- phase photovoltaic (PV) inverter. Recent research has shown that a right-half-plane (RHP) zero exists in the output current control dynamics of a voltage source inverter (VSI) and that the sign of current control loop changes when the VSI is fed from a current source, such as PV generator. Accordingly, VSI with a high-bandwidth current control becomes unstable in such a case without input-voltage control. The use of conventional cascaded control scheme transforms the RHP zero into a RHP pole in the input-voltage control dynamics. Based on this observation, design rules can be determined regarding the dc-link voltage control and input capacitor selection.
A Novel approach for Object Tracking in an Independent Ground Level Vehicle

This is attempts to investigation into object tracking and how they can be applied to develop a visual perception system for independent vehicles. In recent years, independent robots have shifted from industry to unconstrained human environments. Unlike their industrial counterparts, the new generation of robots cannot rely on specific knowledge of a highly structured environment but must operate in unknown environments. This requires the robots to be able to understand their surroundings. Vision is clearly an intelligent choice for perception of such a dynamic environment. Therefore this attempts to develop a novel approach for object tracking in an independent ground level vehicle by combining color tracking and invariant feature tracking using kalman filter.
Impact of Formation Pathways on Secondary Inorganic Aerosol During Haze Pollution in Beijing: Quantitative Evidence From High‐Resolution Observation and Modeling

Secondary inorganic aerosol (especially SNA: sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium) formed from different pathways, account for significant proportions of ambient particulate matter during haze events. For the first time, we quantitatively explored contributions from different SNA formation pathways by an online monitoring AMS instrument and 3‐dimension factor analysis PMF3 model, which is called “SNA formation pathway apportionment”. Three formation process were identified: NH4NO3 heterogeneous phase reactions (NH4NO3‐heter), (NH4)2SO4 gas phase reactions ((NH4)2SO4‐gas), and mixed NH4NO3 and (NH4)2SO4 aqueous phase processes (S&N‐aque). Their overall contributions to SNA were 25.7%, 22.1%, and 52.2%, respectively. Moreover, (NH4)2SO4‐gas contributed mainly in clean (52.1%); S&N‐aque got the highest contribution in haze episode (69.6%); while sulfate gas phase formations were also found in haze stage (10.3%). The quantitative findings from this work provide hard evidence that aqueous phase processes (including sulfate aqueous phase reactions and nitrate gas‐particle partition) were major drivers for SNA increasing.