Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Microwave backscatter from the sea: Modulation of received power and Doppler bandwidth by long waves

Two continuous wave microwave systems were mounted on an elevator on the German Forschungsplattform Nordsee (FPN) during the Synthetic Aperture and X Band Ocean Nonlinearities (SAXON)-FPN experiment. Here we report on measurements of long-wave effects in the power received by these systems and in the Doppler bandwidths recorded from the systems. The two systems operated at X and Ka bands (10 and 35 GHz) and collected HH- and VV-polarized backscatter signals simultaneously. The elevator system allowed us to vary the altitude of the microwave antennas above the sea surface from 7.5 to 27 m, always in the far field of the antennas. Most data were collected at a 45° incidence angle, which implied that the Ka band system illuminated areas from 0.4 to 6.0 m2 while the X band system viewed spots between 2.9 and 41.3 m2. We have attempted to characterize the modulation of both received power and Doppler bandwidth in terms of the standard modulation transfer function (MTF) concept. We find that our measurements of the MTF for received power agree well with previous measurements at X band but that the phase of the MTF for VV polarization is different from that previously reported for Ka band at a 60° incidence angle. We show how the amplitude and phase of the MTF as well as the coherence function vary with wind speed, long-wave frequency, long-wave propagation direction, and antenna height. In the case of the first three parameters our results agree with previous work except as noted above for Ka band. The dependence of the MTF on antenna height has not been investigated previously. Our results show that this dependence is small and well explained by the height variations induced as long waves propagate through the footprint on the surface. When we apply the MTF concept to the Doppler bandwidth, we find that the MTF of the bandwidth is small except at very low wind speeds. In view of the association of this bandwidth with velocities of subresolution-scale, or intermediate-scale, waves which are themselves modulated by the long waves, we find these small MTFs associated with Doppler bandwidths to be somewhat surprising. We present a simple model to attempt to draw inferences about the amplitude modulation of intermediate-scale waves from our results. We also conclude from the small MTFs for Doppler bandwidths that the assumption of a constant correlation time in theories of synthetic aperture radar imagery of the ocean is well justified.
Role of Endophytes in Apple Replant Disease

Apple replant disease (ARD) is a major problem in all the apple-growing areas of the world. It is a complex problem. The exact cause of the problem is unknown, but soil biotic factors play a major role. The repeated cultivation of same crop on same land and exhaustion of nutrients of soil, persistence of soil-borne pathogens and changes in the pH of soil. Symptoms include stunting of tree growth with short internodes, small and light green rosette leaves, development of few lateral or feeder roots, underdeveloped root systems, decayed and discolored roots, poor establishment and severe disease results in the death of young trees and, sometimes, whole orchards. The endophytes provide direct benefits to host plants as they live in close proximity. Once they enter inside the host tissue they get easily established as they feel no competition with other microorganisms. Endophytes have the capacity to produce different secondary metabolites, which saves the host plants from biotic and abiotic stresses the host plants become resistant to both biotic and abiotic stresses. An interesting facet of the interaction between endophytes and their hosts is the capacity of many microorganisms to improve the plant’s resistance by providing several bioactive metabolites. Therefore, the exploitation of soil microbial endophytes for the management of ARD is an important strategy.
Ethical Artificial Intelligence Development: Meeting Obstacles and Shaping the Future

The global Artificial Intelligence (AI) sector is poised for significant growth due to increasing investments, digital disruption, and the pursuit of competitive advantages. According to a market research firm, Grand View Research, Inc., it is projected that the market value for a certain industry would reach $1,811.8 billion by the year 2030, with a compound annual growth rate of 37.3%. The unregulated proliferation of AI, however, presents ethical dilemmas including issues of bias, unemployment, breaches of privacy, and independent decision-making by AI systems, hence necessitating the development of ethical AI. Consequently, this study aims to addresses the dearth of comprehensive research, established norms, and systematic protocols pertaining to the ethical use of AI. This issue is often seen to fall behind the advancements in technology and undermine the trust of the general population. The objectives of the effort include an evaluation of the current state of AI ethics, the identification of upcoming challenges, and an examination of the implications of ethical AI for both the corporate sector and society as a whole. Contributing to ethical frameworks for AI, mitigating negative consequences, aligning AI systems with human values, fostering collaboration, and establishing a reliable AI system are all important endeavors. Hence, the examination of pertinent scholarly sources will clarify the expansion of AI, the ethical challenges it presents, and notable institutions and initiatives dedicated to fostering ethical practices in AI. Furthermore, it will highlight enduring concerns around bias, confidentiality, and responsibility. During this project, the process of constructing conceptual definitions in response to significant issues (or challenges) involves the collaboration of six cycles of academics and industry professionals. These challenges include the absence of universally applicable standards, the implementation of ethical considerations in real-world scenarios, the advancement of AI governance, and the mitigation of prejudice. Focus groups have been shown to improve clarity and comprehension. The anticipated outcomes encompass a thorough comprehension of AI ethics, the establishment of standardized practices, the acquisition of knowledge on mitigating bias, the development of a comprehensive ethical framework, the facilitation of interdisciplinary collaboration, the cultivation of heightened awareness, the generation of valuable policy insights, the enhancement of public trust, and the provision of contributions to the discourse on AI ethics.
Cultura organizativa e innovación: un análisis temático en empresas de Costa Rica

espanolEste trabajo, de alcance exploratorio, vinculo los significados de las expresiones de cinco directivos entrevistados –en diferentes empresas costarricenses con las sub-dimensiones y dimensiones de tres rasgos de cultura del modelo de la Denison Organizational Culture Survey (DOCS): mision, involucramiento y adaptabilidad; lo mismo que estas con la innovacion en sus empresas. Para ello se utilizo el analisis tematico, con una modificacion de la codificacion elaborativa de datos textuales por Auerbach y Silverstein (2003), con el fin de extraer o decodificar los significados de expresiones concretas de los entrevistados para obtener los principales temas y analizar sus interrelaciones con tres de las variables latentes del modelo de la DOCS y la innovacion. La codificacion de los datos cualitativos se realizo mediante el software Atlas Ti 6. Los resultados apuntan a la relevancia que tiene para la actividad innovadora en la empresa el contar con un proposito y direccion estrategica que alinee los esfuerzos en esta via, el implicar a los colaboradores en esta actividad, asi como procurar habilidades de los colaboradores para enfocarse en el cliente, aprender nuevas habilidades y crear cambio en la organizacion. Si bien los anteriores hallazgos son consistentes con la literatura publicada en este tema, un aporte del presente estudio destaca el potencial efecto de la adaptabilidad y el involucramiento sobre la innovacion, siempre y cuando esten alineados con el rasgo cultural mision. EnglishThis exploratory research linked the impressions of five Costa Rican companies managers interviewed, with the sub-dimensions and three dimensions of Denison Organizational Culture Survey (DOCS) culture traits: mission, involvement and adaptability; and their link with the innovation in their companies. It is based on a thematic analysis and a modification of the elaborative encoding of verbal expressions, given by Auerbach & Silverstein (2003), in order to obtain topics from the meanings of specific expressions of respondents, and link them to latent variables of DOCS model and the innovation. The verbal data processing was performed using the Atlas Ti 6 software. The results showed the importance of having a purpose and strategic direction to align efforts for the innovativeactivity in the company. This involves the capacity of the employees to have a customer focus skills, learn new skills and create change in the organization. While the above findings are consistent with literature on this subject, a contribution of this study points to the potential effect of adaptability and involvement on innovation, though, mediated bythe cultural trait mission.
Western Indian Ocean

Aims and scope: The Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science provides an avenue for the wide dissemination of high quality research generated in the Western Indian Ocean (WIO) region, in particular on the sustainable use of coastal and marine resources. This is central to the goal of supporting and promoting sustainable coastal development in the region, as well as contributing to the global base of marine science. The journal publishes original research articles dealing with all aspects of marine science and coastal management. Topics include, but are not limited to: theoretical studies, oceanography, marine biology and ecology, fisheries, recovery and restoration processes, legal and institutional frameworks
Arabidopsis thaliana Running title : Differential transcript usage in Arabidopsis Keywords : differential transcript usage , alternative splicing , Arabidopsis thaliana , RNA-Seq , transcriptomics Authors ’ full names :

1 VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (D.V., K.V.), Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (D.V., K.V.) 2 Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA (A.R.E, Y.C.L., A.E.L) Corresponding author:
Apport de la tomographie électrique à la modélisation des écoulements densitaires dans les aquifères côtiers : application à trois contextes climatiques contrastés (Canada, Nouvelle-Calédonie, Sénégal)

L'equilibre densitaire entre l'eau douce et l'eau salee dans les aquiferes cotiers est un phenomene instable difficile a caracteriser. La validation des modeles hydrogeologiques 2D/3D reste alors delicate sur la seule base de donnees ponctuelles d'observation en forages. Dans ce but, la tomographie de resistivite electrique (ERT) constitue une technique d'investigation pertinente pour la caracterisation haute resolution de la distribution 2D/3D du sel au sein de l'aquifere. Une methodologie de validation croisee entre les modeles geo-electriques et les modeles d'ecoulement densitaire a ete developpee. Dans un premier temps, l'interpretation par modelisation inverse des mesures ERT fournit des informations pertinentes pour la structuration et le parametrage des modeles hydrogeologiques (geometrie du reservoir, vitesses d'ecoulement, etc.). Dans un deuxieme temps, une validation qualitative est obtenue par comparaison entre la distribution des salinites interpretee d'apres les resultats du modele geo-electrique d'inversion et celle simulee par le modele d'ecoulement densitaire. Enfin, une validation quantitative est obtenue par comparaison entre la reponse geo-electrique theorique des salinites simulees par le modele hydrogeologique (prealablement transformees en resistivite par application d'un modele hydro-petrophysique) et les mesures ERT acquises sur le terrain. La fiabilite de la methode a ete precisee par des analyses de sensibilite conduites sur les differents modeles utilises (geo-electrique, hydrogeologique et hydro-petrophysique) et son applicabilite a ete testee sur trois contextes hydrogeologiques et climatiques differents. Ainsi, aux Iles-de-la-Madeleine (Canada), les remontees salines sous les captages d'eau ont ete caracterisees. Sur l'ilot M'Ba (Nouvelle-Caledonie), les variations spatiales de la recharge controlant le developpement de la lentille d'eau douce ont ete evaluees. Enfin, sur le tombolo de Pikine (Senegal), les phenomenes evapotranspiratoires et concentrateurs intenses affectant les depressions inter-dunaires ont ete quantifies.
Multiple targets tracking in infrared image sequences based on joint probabilistic data association

Multiple targets tracking technology in infrared image is the core of multi-sensors information fusion. As to the features of infrared imaging and the difficulties in multi-target tracking, a kind of multi-target tracking in infrared image based on joint probabilistic data association (JPDA) algorithm is proposed in this paper. Detection algorithm is applied in infrared images to gain the initial information and observation information of targets. Designed tracking thresholds and set up the tracking beginning. Calculate the probabilities of measurements in track gate associated with target tracks, the probability is used to produce a weight innovation of measurements which is used to a target state estimating filter, complete the target track predict and filter update. Theoretical analyses and experimental results prove that the algorithm in the paper can be used to solve the distribution problem of multi-observation and multi-target tracks. Even two targets with cross bonding or overlapping can be stably and effectively tracked and remove the clutter from detection.
A Review of Recent Forward Problem Developments Used for Frequency-domain FWI

For efficient frequency-domain full wave inversion (FWI), frequency-domain solutions of the wave-equation are required. The wave equation can be solved by direct or iterative solvers in the frequency domain or, alternatively, one can also use time domain integration until the stationary state has been reached. These three strategies have the same time complexitities. Increasing the order of the finite difference stencil may reduce the memory requirements and should optimize the use of available floating point operations per second (flops) on modern computer platforms. Known drawbacks of direct solvers, as poor scalability and significant in-core memory requirement, could be overcome by recent advances such as block low-rank (BLR) approximation. Finally some new algorithm designs for iterative solvers have shown interesting scalability and good convergence properties in heterogeneous media. We illustrate that a parallel conjugate gradient (CARP-CG) is robust and scalable for 2D elastic equations, extendable to 3D geometries. These recent breakthroughs could be integrated in the frequency-domain FWI workflows for real applications.
MIT Open Access

SUMMARY Mitotic spindle position deﬁnes the cell-cleavage site during cytokinesis. However, the mechanisms that control spindle positioning to generate equal-sized daughter cells remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that two mechanisms act coordinately to center the spindle during anaphase in symmetrically dividing human cells. First, the spindle is positioned directly by the microtubule-based motor dynein, which we demonstrate is targeted to the cell cortex by two distinct pathways: a G a i/LGN/ NuMA-dependent pathway and a 4.1G/R and NuMA-dependent, anaphase-speciﬁc pathway. Second, we ﬁnd that asymmetric plasma membrane elongation occurs in response to spindle misposi-tioning to alter the cellular boundaries relative to the spindle. Asymmetric membrane elongation is promoted by chromosome-derived Ran-GTP signals that locally reduce Anillin at the growing cell cortex. In asymmetrically elongating cells, dynein-dependent spindle anchoring at the stationary cell cortex ensures proper spindle positioning. Our results reveal the anaphase-speciﬁc spindle centering systems that achieve equal-sized cell division.
Interpretation of miscible displacements in laboratory cores

Results of stable, first-contact miscible displacements are presented for three San Andres carbonate cores from west Texas and eastern New Mexico. All three cores showed evidence of significant heterogeneity at the core scale. Effluent composition measurements were interpreted with two relatively simple models of mixing during flow in heterogeneous porous media: the Coats-Smith (CS) mode, which represents the pore space as flowing and stagnant fractions with mass transfer between them, and a porous sphere (PS) model, which describes flow between an assemblage of porous spheres with diffusive interchange of material in the spheres with fluid flowing past them. Parameters for the two models are reported and compared. Direct measurements of some parameters from thin-sections agreed well with least-error parameters for one sample for which comparisons were possible. PS model fits showed less error than CS model fits. The form of the PS model is then used to examine how mixing effects change with changes in flow velocity, displacement length, the length scale associated with heterogeneity, and the rate of exchange of material between flowing and stagnant zones. The authors conclude that for reservoirs with scales of heterogeneity larger than those present in core samples, laboratory core displacements do not providemore » evidence about mixing behavior at field scale. « less
Evaluation of a Mobile Application for Multimodal Land Navigation

Among many of their countless dismounted roles, U.S. Air Force Battleﬁeld Airmen must navigate in unfamiliar environments with many potential threats while performing their mission objectives. The eﬀectiveness of navigating with a map and compass is compromised in reduced visibility conditions, such as in fog or during nighttime operations. Moreover, focusing on a map draws attention away from the immediate surroundings and reduces their ability to detect threats. To ameliorate this problem, we prototyped auditory and tactile navigation displays controlled only by a mobile phone using its built-in GPS and compass. The auditory and tactile displays direct users towards their destination with 3D audio and vibrotactile cues, respectively. We evaluated the navigation displays on a waypoint navigation task. Results suggest that auditory and tactile displays can guide users to their destination as eﬀectively as a visual display (i.e., a GPS enabled map). Initial ﬁndings justify further development of multimodal navigation displays to increase the eﬃciency of Battleﬁeld Airmen in land navigation tasks.
TURISMO RURAL E AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR: UMA ABORDAGEM DO DISTRITO DE VARPA

Este artigo busca analisar os beneficios e dificuldades enfrentadas pelos agricultores familiares envolvidos na atividade de turismo rural. Utiliza-se de estudo caso realizado no distrito de Varpa, pertencente ao municipio de Tupa, localizado no estado de Sao Paulo, com aplicacao de roteiros de entrevistas semiestruturadas a produtores locais. Os resultados sugerem que a regiao tem potencial para o turismo rural, especialmente com base no recurso intangivel, a cultura leta. No entanto, o planejamento, infraestrutura e treinamento de agricultores nao sao suficientes para o incentivo da atividade. O artigo pretende apontar, de acordo com os resultados obtidos, que para alavancar e sustentar a atividade de turismo rural na regiao faz-se necessaria a implantacao de politicas publicas que fomentem a capacitacao dos pequenos empresarios promovendo o desenvolvimento local. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Agricultura familiar. Turismo rural. Desenvolvimento local. FAMILY FARMING AND RURAL TOURISM: AN APPROACH VARPA DISTRICT ABSTRACT This article aims to analyze the benefits and difficulties faced by family farmers engaged in rural tourism activity. It uses the case study conducted in the district of Varpa, part of Tupa municipality, located in the state of Sao Paulo. Non-structured research guidelines were used during face to face interviews with local farmers. The results suggest that the region has potential for rural tourism, especially based on intangible resource, the Latvian culture. However, planning and farmers training are not enough to incentive the activity. This article demonstrates that according to the results which to leverage and sustain the activity of rural tourism in the region is necessary to implement public policies that foster the empowerment of small business promoting local development. KEY-WORDS : Family farming. Rural tourism. Local development. TURISMO RURAL Y LA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR: UM ENFOQUE PARA EL DISTRITO DE VARPA RESUMEN Este articulo pretende analizar los beneficios y las dificultades que enfrentan las familias de agricultores que participan en la actividad de turismo rural. Utiliza estudio de caso realizado en el distrito de Varpa, propiedad de la ciudad de Tupa, ubicada en el estado de Sao Paulo, con guiones de aplicacion de entrevistas a los productores locales semiestructuradas. Los resultados sugieren que la region tiene el potencial para el turismo rural, sobre todo sobre la base de activo intangible, la cultura leta. Sin embargo, la planificacion, la infraestructura y la capacitacion de los agricultores no son suficientes para fomentar la actividad. Este articulo senala que, de acuerdo con los resultados, lo que permite aprovechar y sostienen la actividad de turismo rural en la region es necesario implementar politicas publicas que promuevan el empoderamiento de la pequena empresa la promocion del desarrollo local. PALABRAS-CLAVE: La agricultura familiar. El turismo rural. Desarrollo local
Non-Fermi liquid behaviour below the Néel temperature in the frustrated heavy Fermion magnet UAu 2

The term Fermi liquid is almost synonymous with the metallic state. The association is known to break down at quantum critical points (QCPs) but these require precise values of tuning parameters, such as pressure and applied magnetic ﬁeld, to exactly suppress a continuous phase transition temperature to the absolute zero. Three dimensional non-Fermi liquid states, apart from superconductivity, that are unshackled from a QCP are much rarer and are not currently well understood. Here, we report that the triangular lattice system UAu 2 forms such a state with a non-Fermi liquid low-temperature heat capacity C/T ∼ log(1 /T ) and electrical resistivity ρ ( T ) − ρ (0) ∝ T 1 . 35 far below its Néel temperature. The magnetic order itself has a novel structure and is accompanied by weak charge modulation that is not simply due to magnetostriction. The charge modulation continues to grow in amplitude with decreasing temperature, suggesting that charge degrees of freedom play an important role in the non-Fermi liquid behaviour. In contrast with QCPs, the heat capacity and resistivity we ﬁnd are unusually resilient in magnetic ﬁeld. Our results suggest that a combination of magnetic frustration and Kondo physics may result in the emergence of this novel state.