Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Various Training on the Expression of the 5’amp-Activated Protein Kinase Α2 and Glucose Transporter - 4 in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Rat

BACKGROUND: Exercise is the main pillar in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) management. The mechanism of glucose uptake mediated by exercise is different from insulin, and this mechanism is not disturbed in T2DM. One of the mechanisms is through the activation of 5’AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK also regulates the glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) expression. Effect various types of exercise to AMPK α2 and GLUT-4 of the skeletal muscle still limited. AIM: This study aims to determine the effect of various physical training on the expression of Ampk α2 and Glut 4 in skeletal muscle of T2DM rats. METHODS: This study used stored skeletal muscles of 25 T2DM Wistar rats. Previously, the rats were divided into groups of K1 (control, not given exercise), K2 (moderate continuous training), K3 (severe continuous training), K4 (slow interval training), and K5 (fast interval training). Running on a treadmill frequency 3 times a week for 8 weeks. The relative expression of Ampk α2 and Glut 4 were assessed using Real Time-PCR and were compared among the groups using the Livak formula. RESULTS: Moderate intensity continuous training increased Ampk α2 and Glut 4 expression by 1.45 and 2.39 times, respectively. Severe intensity continuous training increased the expression of Ampk α2 and Glut 4 by 1.55 and 2.56 times, respectively. Slow interval training increased the expression of Ampk α2 and Glut 4 by 4.41 and 3.76 times, respectively. The expression of Ampk α2 and Glut4 in fast interval training was 4.56 and 4.79 times more than control. CONCLUSION: Continuous and interval training increase Ampk α2 and Glut 4 expression. The fast interval training showed the highest expression of Ampk α2 and Glut 4.
Asian corn borer damage is affected by rind penetration strength of corn stalks in a spatiotemporally dependent manner

Abstract Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée), is an important insect pest of maize throughout most of Asia. The rind of a maize stalk is a key barrier against corn borer larvae boring into the plant. There is a need to better understand the relationship between stalk strength and O. furnacalis larval injury, particularly for elite maize genotypes. To determine whether stalk strength is involved in maize resistance to O. furnacalis larval injury, 39 maize lines were evaluated in 2012 and 2013. Rind penetration strength (RPS) was measured at tassel (VT) and milk (R3) stages as a possible stalk resistance trait for O. furnacalis. RPS of primary ear internode at VT and R3 accounted for 37 and 38% of the variance in O. furnacalis injury (measured as number of holes) for simulated (artificially infested) first and second generation O. furnacalis, respectively. Relationships between stalk RPS values and tunnel length were weak. Results suggest that harder stalks have enhanced resistance to stalk boring but not to pith feeding or tunneling of O. furnacalis larvae. The RPS measures could provide classical maize breeders an important tool for evaluating stalk strength and corn borer resistance in maize. The assessments should focus on the internodes primary ear or above/below primary ear during both VT stage for first generation and R3 stage for second generation O. furnacalis resistance.
Engineering as Law: Injury Epidemiology and Consensus Codes

British Air Marshal John Slessor observed during World War II that the first social service a nation can provide for its people is to keep them alive. As the recent experience of the Haiti earthquake has forcefully brought home to us, engineering safety codes and standards play a major role in this vital function of government. From the point of view of keeping citizens alive, the development, incorporation into law, and enforcement of consensus safety codes for the built environment makes safety engineering the instrumental arm of injury epidemiology in industrial democracies. This important concept is not customarily taught as a component of engineering education, nor is it often used as a means of attracting students to the profession of engineering. I discuss in this paper the educational advantages of incorporating such material into college curricula across disciplines, and the historical substance and value of the case study material available to educators.
Circularly Polarised Dielectric Resonator based Two Port Filtenna for Millimeter-Wave 5G Communication System

In this paper, a circularly polarised dielectric resonator-based MIMO filtering antenna is designed and analyzed. The unique feature of the proposed antenna is the combination of circular polarisation characteristics with filtering response at mm-wave. Cylindrical ceramic excited by asymmetrical plus-shaped slot provides two important characteristics: (a) generate dual orthogonal degenerated mode with 900 phase shifts in between 27.0 GHz and 27.33 GHz; and (b) produce the radiation nulls at 25.5 and 27.75 GHz respectively. Two identical ports are placed orthogonally to provide the lesser mutual coupling i.e. approx. −30 dB. Experimental outcomes confirm the operating band of the proposed antenna from 25.5 GHz to 27.79 GHz. In between the operating frequency range, the proposed radiator provides broadside radiation characteristics due to the creation of mode. The peak gain of the proposed antenna is about 5.0 dBi. Diversity parameters (such as ECC, DG, and TARC) are within satisfactory limits. All these properties of the proposed radiator make it fit for a 5G communication system.
Carbon assimilation and dry matter partitioning in soybean ameliorates with the integration of nano-black carbon, along with beneficial microbes and phosphorus fertilization

Abstract The immobility of phosphorus (P) and its precipitation in the soil is a major fact and remains in place where P fertilizer applied. Without organic amendments and beneficial microbes, P availability is limited in the current season crop. To increase crop productivity and P availability, field experiments were conducted at Agriculture Research Institute Mingora Swat (ARI) for two consecutive years in the summer season (2016 and 2017). The main objective of this research work was to evaluate the impact of peach based residues (partially decomposed, compost, and Nano-black carbon), three P levels (50, 75, 100 kg P ha−1), and two beneficial microbes, [phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and fungi (Trichoderma)] on soybean. Experimental outcomes revealed dry matter partitioning and dry weight in soybean stem, leaves, and pods amplified with peach organic amendments and carbon sequestration in soil. Dry weight and partitioning in leaf, stem, pods, and total plant considerably improved with combined application of peach Nano-black carbon, soil application of Trichoderma, and 100 kg P ha−1 in both stages combine over the two years. It is suggested to enhance P availability in soil, Nano-black carbon and soil application of Trichoderma might be effective with 100 kg P ha−1 for optimum plant growth, yield, and yield contributing traits.
Neural network PI pepetitive controller for three-phase three-wire shunt active power filter

A novel control strategy based on neural network PI algorithm and repetitive control is proposed.Compared with traditional PI controller,this approach has quicker response speed and higher accuracy of compensation.BP neural network technology is adopted to conduct an on-line real-time adaptive setting of PI controller parameter values according to the error value,thus meeting the requirement of an optimal control law.The steady-state accuracy of the device is guaranteed by taking the advantage of the zero steady-state error ability of the repetitive controller.The validity of the proposed method is demonstrated by simulation analysis comparing with traditional PI controller.
Metabonomics reveals the main small molecules differences between green and white egg shells in ducks

Abstract The eggshell colour is related to the biological functions of birds, and the colour of poultry eggshells can affect consumers' choices. This study explored the difference in the metabolite composition of duck eggshells to screen the key substances that affect the eggshell colours. The green and white duck eggshells were selected for non-targeted metabolomics analysis. We screened 402 and 512 differentially expressed metabolites in the negative and positive ion modes, respectively. Among them, 40 differentially expressed metabolites were annotated with specific names and related functions, of which the expression levels of 8 metabolites showed extremely significant differences. They were 2-heptanone, 12-hydroxydodecanoic acid, D-fructose, dodecanedioic acid, L-leucine, methyl jasmonate, palmitoleic acid, and styrene oxide. Additionally, the annotated differentially expressed metabolites were enriched in 33 metabolic pathways, including aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, amino acid metabolism, galactose metabolism, etc. The results showed that the expression of metabolites between green and white eggshells differed in ducks; among metabolites with extremely significant differences in expression, the expression level of L-leucine in green eggshells was higher than that in ducks white eggshells. Therefore, we speculated that the increased expression of L-leucine promoted the response of related metabolic pathways, enhanced the expression of antioxidants, and changed the eggshell colours. Highlights The metabolites of green and white shells were different. 40 DEMs were annotated with specific names and related functions. The annotated DEMs were enriched in 33 metabolic pathways.
Implications of Climate Change on Agricultural Productivity: A Review

Global warning and thus climate change is a global issue and its consequences are being felt at varying degrees in different parts of the world. The developing countries are more vulnerable to its effects because of their poor economic status and political instability. In recent times, experiences of more flooding, erosion, drought, storms, rise in sea level and other extreme weather conditions resulting in poverty, degraded environment and low agricultural productivity. It’s devastating impact on various dimension of human endeavours and socio-economic income of nations and individual cannot be over emphasized. Climatologically, has an extremely variable rainfall distribution, which will be exacerbated by climate change. This will inevitably impact on agriculture and the availability of water to sustain human activities. These future climate change impacts are likely to aggravate the harmful effects of poor land use; practices, especially deforestation, soil degradation and water pollution. Communities that have been made vulnerable by economic hardship and disease will find it even harder to cope. Climate change is perhaps the most serious environmental threat to the fight against hunger, malnutrition, diseases and poverty in sub-Saharan Africa mainly through its impact on agricultural productivity
Prenatal Silver-Russell Syndrome in a Chinese Family Identified by Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing

Russell-Silver syndrome (SRS) is a rare condition characterized by poor growth before and after birth along with multiple physical and psychosocial characteristics such as short stature, characteristic facial features, body asymmetry, feeding difficulties, and learning disabilities. In this study, we report a family with 2 recurrent SRS pregnancies due to a derivative chromosome 15 that is the result of a maternally derived t(11;15) translocation, detected by non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT). The 2 SRS fetuses were diagnosed by chromosomal microarray analysis, but a balanced, reciprocal translocation of the mother was disclosed by the combination of routine karyotyping and FISH. This study demonstrates that NIPT has the ability to identify submicroscopic copy number variations (CNVs) in fetuses, which in some cases may result from a parent being a balanced rearrangement carrier. Because of the differences in resolution and the various benefits and limitations of each genetic technique, great care must be taken when deciding on which test(s) to employ in family studies.
Volcanic stratospheric injections up to 160 Tg(S) yield a Eurasian winter warming indistinguishable from internal variability

Abstract. Early observational and modeling work suggested that low-latitude volcanic eruptions, comparable to the one of Pinatubo in 1991 or Krakatau in 1883, cause substantial surface warming over the northern continents at midlatitudes in wintertime. The proposed mechanism consists of the formation of an anomalously strong equator-to-pole temperature gradient in the stratosphere due to the presence of volcanic aerosols in the tropics, which is accompanied by an acceleration of the stratospheric polar vortex, which then shifts the Northern Annular Mode into a positive phase, resulting in warming surface temperatures over Eurasia. However, a large body of research in the last decade has shown that, for eruptions such as Pinatubo or Krakatau, no such warming is seen in simulation with more recent climate models which, in general, have much finer vertical and horizontal resolution than the early ones, and which have separated the forced response from the internal variability by using large ensembles of integrations. Since the proposed mechanism is fundamentally sound, it is then possible that the 1991 Pinatubo eruption is simply not strong enough, but larger ones might indeed cause Eurasian surface warming in winter. In this study, we explore this possibility using a state-of-the-art, stratosphere-resolving climate model, forced with prescribed volcanic aerosols from the Easy Volcanic Aerosol protocol. We consider eruptions with stratospheric sulfur injections of 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 Tg(S). With 20-member ensembles, we find that with injections of 20 Tg(S) or more – roughly twice the amplitude of Pinatubo and Krakatau eruptions – our model simulates a winter surface warming over Eurasia, which is statistically significant with a t-test given our 20-member ensembles. However, for all injection masses up to 160 Tg(S), the forced volcanic signal on Eurasian winter surface temperatures is so small as to be practically indistinguishable from internal variability.
Fault diagnosis based on support vector machines optimized by fruit fly optimization algorithm

A feature selection and parameter optimization method of Support Vector Machines(SVM) based on Fruit Fly Optimization Algorithm is proposed.Imitating the foraging behavior of fruit flies,the smell concentration judgment value is used as the parameter and the feature set is binary-encoded to generate the subset which can be used to train the model.Then a proper fitness function is constructed to search the best parameters and feature subset.The test shows the proposed approach has higher precision on classification and global search ability compared with other methods.Moreover,the method is applied to the rolling bearing fault diagnosis,and the simulation result reveals good performance.
ViphyllinTM, a Standardized Black Pepper Seed Extract Exerts Antinociceptive Effects in Murine Pain Models via Activation of Cannabinoid Receptor CB2, Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Alpha and TRPV1 Ion Channels

Purpose Plant-based natural products as anti-nociceptors have enormous potential as safer alternatives to conventional opiates and NSAIDS. Piper nigrum (black pepper) is one of the major culinary spices with medicinal attributes. Methods In the present study, the antinociceptive activity of a standardized black pepper seed extract (Viphyllin) containing not less than 30% β-caryophyllene (BCP) was evaluated using pain models in mice, namely acetic acid-induced writhing test, formalin-induced paw licking test, hot plate test and tail flick test. Further, the antagonists SR141716A (0.1 mg/kg i.p.), AM630 (5 mg/kg i.p.), capsazepine (0.1 mg/kg body weight i.p.), and GW6471 (1 mg/kg i.p.) were used to evaluate the involvement of cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2, TRPV1 ion channel and PPARα receptor, respectively. Molecular docking (AutoDock 4.2) was used to study the interaction of BCP with the agonist-binding sites of the selected pain receptors. Results Viphyllin at 10 mg, 25 mg and 50 mg/kg (i.p.) significantly inhibited the writhings in mice as compared to untreated control group (p < 0.001). Further, Viphyllin at 50 mg/kg showed strong antinociceptive effect in formalin-induced paw licking test (p < 0.05). Pretreatment of mice with AM630 significantly reversed the antinociceptive activity of Viphyllin in both early and late phases of formalin test (p < 0.05). Administration of Viphyllin markedly increased the latency time of mice in hot plate test (p < 0.001). Further, Viphyllin markedly increased the latency time of tail flick compared to control group from 30 min to 90 min after treatment. AM630, Capsazepine, and GW6471 abolished the analgesic effect of Viphyllin. These findings clearly suggest the involvement of CB2 receptor, TRPV1 ion channel and PPARα receptor activation in Viphyllin-mediated antinociceptive activity. Docking score predictions further supported the possible involvement of BCP in the antinociceptive mechanism of Viphyllin. Conclusion In conclusion, Viphyllin could be a natural pain-relieving agent involving safer pain signaling mechanisms, unlike conventional opiates and NSAIDs.
Using Technology for the Efficient and Precise Assessment of Cognitive Skills in Countries with Limited Standardized Assessment Instruments: A Report on the Case of Saudi Arabia

In Saudi Arabia, the country’s progress toward appropriate and inclusive education programs for children with disabilities is still evolving. A crucial aspect of this evolution has been the development of a comprehensive assessment battery that covers a broad range of cognitive factors for the diagnosis of neurodevelopment disorders and other types of intellectual atypicalities, including giftedness. The Alif−Ya Assessment Battery consists of 47 subtests based on various theories of intelligence. Alif−Ya capitalizes on advanced technologies to enable its delivery either in person or remotely. Moreover, over half of Alif−Ya’s subtests are adaptive; items are selected for the test takers based on their previous responses. In this paper, we provide an overview of the Alif−Ya Assessment Battery, describe how it was designed to make the best use of the latest and best features of technology for the appropriate and accurate assessment of children and adolescents in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia via remote or in−person administration, and present initial data collected with the battery.
Influences of Emotion on Driving Decisions at Different Risk Levels: An Eye Movement Study

To explore the influences of traffic-related negative emotions on driving decisions, we induced drivers’ three emotions (neutral emotion, traffic-related negative emotion, and traffic-unrelated negative emotion) by videos, then the drivers were shown traffic pictures at different risk levels and made decisions about whether to slow down, while their eye movements were recorded. We found that traffic-related negative emotion influenced driving decisions. Compared with neutral emotion, traffic-related negative emotion led to an increase in the number of decelerations, and the higher the risk, the more the number of decelerations. The visual processing time of the risk area was shorter in the traffic-related negative emotional state than that in the neutral emotional state. The less time drivers spend looking at the risk area, the faster they make their driving decisions. The results suggest that traffic-related negative emotions lead drivers to make more conservative decisions. This study supports the rationality of using traffic accident materials to conduct safety education for drivers. This article also discussed the significance of traffic-related negative emotions to social security.
Buffering climate change with nature

It is increasingly evident that climate sustainability depends not only on societal actions and responses, but also on ecosystem functioning and responses. The capacity of global ecosystems to provide services such as sequestering carbon and regulating hydrology is being strongly reduced both by climate change itself and by unprecedented rates of ecosystem degradation. These services rely on functional aspects of ecosystems that are causally linked – the same ecosystem components that efficiently sequester and store carbon also regulate hydrology by sequestering and storing water. This means that climate-change adaptation and mitigation must involve not only preparing for a future with temperature and precipitation anomalies, but also actively minimizing climate hazards and risks by conserving and managing ecosystems and their fundamental supporting and regulating ecosystem services. We summarize general climate–nature feedback processes relating to carbon and water cycling on a broad global scale before focusing on Norway to exemplify the crucial role of ecosystem regulatory services for both carbon sequestration and hydrological processes and the common neglect of this ecosystem-climate link in policy and landscape management. We argue that a key instrument for both climate-change mitigation and adaptation policy is to take advantage of the climate buffering and regulative abilities of a well-functioning natural ecosystem. This will enable shared benefits to nature, climate, and human well-being. To meet the global climate and nature crises, we must capitalize on the importance of nature for buffering climate-change effects, combat short-term perspectives and the discounting of future costs, and maintain or even strengthen whole-ecosystem functioning at the landscape level.
COMPUTATIONAL PROPAGANDA ON TikTok AS THE 21st CENTURY PROPAGANDA MODEL

Noam Chomsky and Edward Herman wrote an institutional analysis called Propaganda Model that explains the role of mass media in spreading symbols and messages to the general populace under class and power interests requiring systemic propaganda that needs consideration of 5 filters: (1) ownership, (2) advertising, (3) dependence, (4) flak, and anti-communism. Until the emerging of the internet led us to social media features that allow the users to interact socially and artificially. Social media formats are also increasingly diverse and innovative, such as TikTok which was originally released as a music video content platform, and now it’s a place for promotion, information, suggestion, and opinion encouragement content. TikTok content is easily spread across social media because of the ease of download, upload, and access. This study will elaborate on the ease and massiveness of TikTok’s access to the Propaganda Model’s filters to see the current propaganda system mobilization as computational propaganda. The characteristics of computational propaganda are: (1) automation, (2) scalability, (3) anonymity. As a system that makes the public vulnerable to get in the involvement, it’s necessary to form an attitude to deal with it. Therefore, this study offers Noam Chomsky’s idea regarding Intellectual Responsibility as the final contemplation.KEYWORDS: TikTok, computational propaganda, Propaganda Model, intellectual Responsibility.