Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Executive processing clusters in school-age children with ADHD

Objective: This study aimed to characterize executive processing subgroups among children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Method: Sixty-one children with ADHD, with ages from six to twelve years old, were examined using instruments that evaluate the executive components of cognitive flexibility (CF), inhibition (IN) and working memory (WM). Analysis of hierarchical clusters and MANCOVA ( p ≤0.05) were conducted. Results: Participants were divided in three clusters: 1) deficits in CF and in IN; 2) deficits in IN; 3) deficits in CF and in WM. Conclusions: the results indicated different neuropsychological profiles among children with ADHD, with different cognitive strengths and weaknesses. Clusters did not differ with respect to biological, clinical, and sociocultural factors. The findings may be useful for educational and health institutions, supporting psychoeducation programs and intervention strategies for students with ADHD.
Physical and Structural Characteristics of Antarctic Sea Ice

Observations during February and March 1980 of structures in 66 separate floes in Weddell Sea pack ice show widespread occurrence of frazil ice in amounts not previously reported in sea ice of comparable age and thickness in the Arctic. It is estimated that as much as 50% of the total ice production in the Weddell Sea is generated as frazil. Average floe salinities also appear higher than those of their Arctic counterparts. Comparative studies of fast ice at 28 locations in McMurdo Sound show this ice to be composed almost entirely of congelation ice that exhibits crystalline textures and orientations that are similar to those observed in Arctic fast ice. However, average fast-ice salinities in McMurdo Sound are higher than those reported for Arctic fast ice of comparable age and thickness.
Comparison of Antimicrobial Activity of Triple, Double, and Cefixime-Based Antibiotic Pastes Against Enterococcus Faecalis: An In Vitro Study

Aim: This in vitro study aims to compare the antimicrobial efficacy of triple antibiotic paste, double antibiotic paste, and cefixime-based triple antibiotic paste against Enterococcus faecalis. Materials and methods: Fifty single-rooted, caries-free, permanent teeth without any developmental defects were included in this study. The specimens were divided into five groups, with each group consisting of 10 teeth that received a specific medicament. The groups were as follows: Group I: control; Group II: calcium hydroxide; Group III: triple antibiotic paste; Group IV: double antibiotic paste; and Group V: cefixime-based triple antibiotic paste. The antimicrobial activity of the medicaments was assessed against E. faecalis at the end of the seventh and 14th days. The colony-forming units (CFU) were calculated using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Wilcoxon tests. Results: After seven days of the experimental process, it was observed that the CFU count was highest in group I and lowest in group V. In a similar vein, after 14 days, the maximum decrease in CFU count was observed in Group V, while the least reduction in CFU count was observed in Group II. On intergroup comparison, it was found that the maximum decrease in CFU was noted in Group V, followed by Group IV, Group III, and Group II. Conclusion: The study results indicated that the cefixime-enriched antibiotic paste had the greatest antimicrobial effectiveness, while the double and triple antibiotic pastes offered superior antibacterial efficacy against E. faecalis at the end of the seventh and 14th days.
Chemotrophy-based phosphatic microstromatolites from the Mississippian at Drewer, Rhenish Massif, Germany

Abstract The Drewer quarry located in the Rhenish Massif is a well-studied outcrop that comprises Upper Devonian (Famennian) to Lower Carboniferous (Viséan) strata. Within the Drewer deposits two black shale intervals have been described that are linked to two global oceanic anoxic events, the Hangenberg Event and the Lower Alum Shale Event. The black shales associated with the Middle Tournaisian Lower Alum Shale Event contain abundant phosphatic concretions, which were investigated using thin section petrography, powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy. The concretions formed during several growth phases under anoxic and at least episodically sulphidic conditions within the sediment and served as a substrate for subsurface microbial mats that formed phosphatic microstromatolites. The microstromatolites occur either as partially branched columns of up to 600 µm in length attached to the phosphatic concretions or as smaller, bulbous aggregates surrounding the concretions. Element mapping identified the presence of pyrite and other metal sulphides within the phosphatic microstromatolites. The carbon and oxygen stable isotopic composition of phosphate-associated carbonate within the phosphatic microstromatolites suggests that the mat-forming microorganisms were probably anaerobic, chemotrophic microbial communities dwelling in the anoxic environment during the Lower Alum Shale Event. Such interpretation agrees with the deeper-water depositional setting of the Lower Alum Black Shale and its high content of organic matter, suggesting that chemotrophic microbial mats are potent agents of phosphogenesis in general, and of the formation of phosphatic stromatolites in particular.
Advances in Biodegradable Polymers and Biomaterials for Medical Applications—A Review

The introduction of new materials for the production of various types of constructs that can connect directly to tissues has enabled the development of such fields of science as medicine, tissue, and regenerative engineering. The implementation of these types of materials, called biomaterials, has contributed to a significant improvement in the quality of human life in terms of health. This is due to the constantly growing availability of new implants, prostheses, tools, and surgical equipment, which, thanks to their specific features such as biocompatibility, appropriate mechanical properties, ease of sterilization, and high porosity, ensure an improvement of living. Biodegradation ensures, among other things, the ideal rate of development for regenerated tissue. Current tissue engineering and regenerative medicine strategies aim to restore the function of damaged tissues. The current gold standard is autografts (using the patient’s tissue to accelerate healing), but limitations such as limited procurement of certain tissues, long operative time, and donor site morbidity have warranted the search for alternative options. The use of biomaterials for this purpose is an attractive option and the number of biomaterials being developed and tested is growing rapidly.
Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal

candidate compounds for downstream drug discovery process. Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) approaches are widely used to identify lead compounds using both chemical property and experimental information. However, ML or DL methods rarely consider compound similarity information directly since ML and DL models use abstract representation of molecules for model construction. Alternatively, data mining approaches are also used to explore chemical space with drug candidates by screening undesirable compounds. A major challenge for data mining approaches is to develop eﬃcient data mining methods that search large chemical space for desirable lead compounds with low false positive rate. Results: In this work, we developed a network propagation (NP) based data mining method for lead identiﬁcation that performs search on an ensemble of chemical similarity networks. We compiled 14 ﬁngerprint-based similarity networks. Given a target protein of interest, we use a deep learning-based drug target interaction model to narrow down compound candidates and then we use network propagation to prioritize drug candidates that are highly correlated with drug activity score such as IC 50 . In an extensive experiment with BindingDB, we showed that our approach successfully discovered intentionally unlabeled compounds for given targets. To further demonstrate the prediction power of our approach, we identiﬁed 24 candidate leads for CLK1. Two out of ﬁve synthesizable candidates were experimentally validated in binding assays. In conclusion, our framework can be very useful for lead identiﬁcation from very large compound databases such as ZINC.
High-time-resolution chemical composition and source apportionment of PM2.5 in northern Chinese cities: implications for policy

Abstract. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution is still one of China's most important environmental issues, especially in northern cities during wintertime. In this study, intensive real-time measurement campaigns were conducted in Xi'an, Shijiazhuang, and Beijing to investigate the chemical characteristics and source contributions of PM2.5 and explore the formation of heavy pollution for policy implications. The chemical compositions of PM2.5 in the three cities were all dominated by organic aerosol (OA) and nitrate (NO3-). Results of source apportionment analyzed by a hybrid environmental receptor model (HERM) showed that the secondary formation source contributed more to PM2.5 compared to other primary sources. Biomass burning was the dominant primary source in the three pilot cities. The contribution of coal combustion to PM2.5 is non-negligible in Xi'an and Shijiazhuang but is no longer an important contributor in the capital city of Beijing due to the execution of a strict coal-banning policy. The potential formation mechanisms of secondary aerosol in the three cities were further explored by establishing the correlations between the secondary formation sources and aerosol liquid water content (ALWC) and Ox (O3+NO2), respectively. The results showed that photochemical oxidation and aqueous-phase reaction were two important pathways of secondary aerosol formation. According to source variations, air pollution events that occurred in campaigns were classified into three types: biomass-combustion-dominated, secondary-formation-source-dominated, and a combination of primary and secondary sources. Additionally, this study compares the changes in chemical composition and source contributions of PM2.5 in past decades. The results suggest that the clean-energy replacements for rural households should be urgently encouraged to reduce the primary source emissions in northern China, and collaborative control on ozone and particulate matter needs to be continuously promoted to weaken the atmosphere oxidation capacity for the sake of reducing secondary aerosol formation.
Strategic Control in Cooperative Multi-Agent Moving Source Seeking with Obstacles Avoidance

: Agent-based moving source-seeking problem with strategic control considering obstacle avoidance is addressed in this paper. The agents communicate with one another using a communication topology to coordinate finding the object. The source or seeking target is represented by a scalar field, whereas the presence of the obstacle is represented by an artificial potential field. A moving source that moves linearly from the initial point to the end point is considered. Several obstacles, which needs to be avoided by agents, that may be stationary or moving are considered. Double integrator agents are considered, which contains richer dynamics compared to the single integrator agents. The strategic control law which is a combination of gradient consensus and distributed velocity control affected by artificial potential field are used to determine the velocity of each agent to track the moving source while avoiding the obstacles. Formation control is used to make sure that the agents stay under the desired formation for most of the time. The computer simulation is used to examine how different agents would search for a moving source under stationary and moving obstacles. In both cases, the agents can find the source with a different seeking time: 62.8s for stationary and 90s for moving obstacles. Comparing with virtual artificial potential field method, our proposed method manages to perform better in the case of shrinking agents for stationary obstacles.
Present and Future of IgA Nephropathy and Membranous Nephropathy Immune Monitoring: Insights from Molecular Studies

IgA Nephropathy (IgAN) and Membranous Nephropathy (MN) are primary immune-mediated glomerular diseases with highly variable prognosis. Current guidelines recommend that greater immunologic activity and worse prognosis should guide towards the best treatment in an individualized approach. Nevertheless, proteinuria and glomerular filtration rate, the current gold standards for prognosis assessment and treatment guidance in primary glomerular diseases, may be altered with chronic damage and nephron scarring, conditions that are not related to immune activity. In recent years, thanks to the development of new molecular technologies, among them genome-wide genotyping, RNA sequencing techniques, and mass spectrometry, we have witnessed an outstanding improvement in understanding the pathogenesis of IgAN and MN. In addition, recent genome-wide association studies have suggested potential targets for immunomodulating agents, stressing the need for the identification of specific biomarkers of immune activity. In this work, we aim to review current evidence and recent progress, including the more recent use of omics techniques, in the identification of potential biomarkers for immune monitoring in IgAN and MN.
Evaluation and Benefit of Imprecise Value Prediction for Certain Types of Instructions

Based on branch prediction, value prediction has emerged as a solution for problems caused by true data dependencies in pipelined processors. While branch predictors have binary outcomes (taken/not taken), value predictors face a challenging task as their outcomes can take any value. Because of that, coverage is reduced to enhance high accuracy and minimise costly recovery from misprediction. This paper evaluates value prediction, focusing on instruction execution with imprecisely predicted operands whose result can still be correct. Two analytical models are introduced to represent instruction execution with value prediction. One model focuses on correctly predicted operands, while the other allows for imprecisely predicted operands as long as the instruction results remain correct. A trace-driven simulator was developed for simulation purposes, implementing well-known predictors and some of the predictors presented at the latest Championship Value Prediction. The gem5 simulator was upgraded to generate program traces of SPEC and EEMBC benchmarks that were used in simulations. Based on the simulation result, proposed analytical models were compared to reveal the conditions under which a model with imprecisely predicted operands, but still correct results, achieved better execution time than a model with correctly predicted operands. Analysis revealed that the accuracy of the correct instruction result based on the predicted operand, even when the predicted operand is imprecise, is higher than the accuracy of the correctly predicted operand. The accuracy improvement ranges from 0.8% to 44%, depending on the specific predictor used.
PELATIHAN PENINGKATAN LITERASI MEDIA SOSIAL UNTUK MEREDUKSI UJARAN KEBENCIAN BERBASISS KELOMPOK GENERASI MUDA DAN SEKOLAH DI KABUPATEN PANGANDARAN

Peningkatan pelemparan ujaran kebencian dalam ruang media sosial semakin mengkhawatirkan. Para penggunan, semakin mudah terpancing untuk merespon dan mengirimkan ujaran kebencian yang berkaitan dengan isu-isu tertentu yang dianggap tidak sesuai dengan jalan pemikiran public/netizen. Para pengguna media sosial yang bersetru mudah sekali menggunakan kata atau frase yang merendahkan, mengumpat, memfitnah dan memprovokasi pihak-pihak yang tidak disukai mereka atau berbeda pandangan dengan mereka. Sebagai contoh, ketika pemerintah meluncurkan program penanganan pandemic Covid 19, seperti bantuan sosial (bansos), penyediaan Alat Pelindung Diri (APD) untuk tenaga medis, penguatan ekonomi, program AKB dan penutupan rumah-rumah peribadatan, memancing reaksi publik di ruang media sosial. Tokoh-tokoh yang menjelaskan program-program seringkali mendapatkan perundungan, pelecehan dan hinaan, bahkan fitnah dalam bentuk ujaran kebencian. Oleh karena itu, selama masa pandemic telah bermunculan ujaran kebencian dan hoaks yang ditujukan untuk menyerang kebijakan pemerintah atau menyerang golongan tertentu yang secara khusus muncul berkaitan dengan pandemic Covid 19. Para pihak yang terlibat dalam perseteruan ujaran kebencian ini ternyata mereka yang “dekat” dengan penggunaan media sosial yaitu kelompok generasi muda yang literer dengan media sosial termasuk siswa siswi sekolah dan hal itu ternyata hampir berlaku di seluruh wilayah baik di perkotaan maupun perdesaan. Pelatihan ini bertujuan untuk dapat meningkatkan literasi kelompk generasi muda dan sekolah dalam penggunaan media sosial dan terhindar dari ujaran kebencian atau setidaknya dapat mereduksi ujaran kebencian di kalangan mereka.
Analysis of the Selection Signal of the Tibetan Black Chicken Genome Based on Whole-Genome Sequencing

Background: The Tibetan chicken has adapted well to high altitudes genetically after its long-term habitation in the plateau. In this study, we analyzed the selection signal of Tibetan black chickens (TBCs) and discovered genes associated with the characteristics of germplasm. Methods: Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was used to identify the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and genetic structures in the genome of Tibetan black chickens. Further, we performed a comparative population genomics analysis between the genomic data obtained in this present study and the genomic data for five wild red jungle fowls (RJFs) accessed from the NCBI database (GenBank accession number PRJNA241474). Thereafter, the Fst and Pi selections were used to identify genes under positive selection in the Tibetan black chicken genome. Results: A total of 9,490,690 SNPs were identified in the Tibetan black chickens. In addition, the results from the gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that 732 genes of TBCs were enriched in a total of 210 GO terms with specific molecular functions such as regulation of cellular catabolic process, the MAPK signaling pathway, regulation of ion transport, growth, morphogenesis and lung alveolus development which may provide a better mechanism to facilitate oxygen transport and utilization in TBCs. Moreover, the results from the KEGG analysis showed that 732 genes of the TBCs were significantly enriched in the calcium signaling pathway, circadian entrainment (ADCY1, GNG7 and PER3), oxytocin signaling pathway and pathways of multiple neurodegeneration diseases. In addition, the CD86 antigen (CD86) was identified as a gene associated with the immune response in chickens. It was also revealed that genes such as TRIT1, HPCAL4, NT5C1A and HEYL were discovered under selection in Tibetan black chickens on chromosome 23. These genes may be related to the local adaptive characteristics of Tibetan black chickens, for instance, NT5C1A and HEYL may be involved in the high-altitude adaption of oxygen delivery in Tibetan black chickens. Conclusions: In summary, we found that selection mainly affects the disease resistance and cold acclimatization of Tibetan black chickens. Hence, these results may provide important genetic information for the evolution and breeding of Tibetan black chickens.
A Control Strategy for Damping Subsynchronous Oscillation Based on Voltage Source Converter Excitation System

As the traditional thyristor static excitation system is widely applied in the power system, the electrical damping of the system is weakening, and that makes the system facing the risk of subsynchronous oscillation(SSO). Although some research on Flexible AC Transmission Systems(FACTS) for damping SSO has been proposed, the applying of the FACTS is not economic enough. The Voltage Source Converter(VSC) Excitation system is a kind of excitation system using full-controlled power switches. There is no research on damping SSO based on the VSC excitation system. By analyzing the characteristics of the VSC excitation systems, a control strategy for damping SSO based on phase compensation method is proposed.
Frequency Selectivity via Inner Boundary Conditions for A Self‐Powered Multiresonant Acoustic Sensing Array with Broad Bandwidth

This study investigates and proposes innovative approaches to achieve frequency selectivity within a limited space. Traditional multiresonant acoustic devices use individual sensing elements of varying sizes to achieve resonance frequency (fr), leading to an inability to sense focused acoustic waves, unlike the human ear. A miniaturized, self‐powered artificial basilar membrane that incorporates multiresonant features is introduced. Multiple fr of the diaphragms are developed using inner boundary conditions (iBCs) defined by an adjustable micropatterned elastomeric support (µ‐support) and a porous nanofiber (NF) mat. This new approach offers the advantage of all‐in‐one fabrication, eliminating the need for device area variation or an additional rigid frame typically required in conventional multiresonant acoustic devices. The efficacy of the iBCs in shifting fr within the vocal frequency ranges is verified via a laser Doppler vibrometer, simulation, and triboelectric output. With its self‐powering capabilities based on triboelectric principles, this artificial basilar membrane holds promise for accurately recognizing musical and vocal signals with specific frequency characteristics. With four different iBCs in a total device area of 23 × 23 mm2, a tunable four‐channel system with fr ranging from 400 to 3000 Hz is achieved. This advancement enables the sensing of focused acoustic waves, simulating the functionality of an artificial human ear model.