Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How does the general population approach their pain? A cross-sectional study in Palestine

Background: Pain perception and management vary across cultural contexts; yet, little is known about pain approaches in the general population of Palestine. Existing research lacks specific knowledge about how pain is coped with in this region. Objective: To explore pain management among Palestine’s general population, studying prevalence, characteristics, and sociodemographic influences. It aims to uncover treatment choices and understand cultural impacts on pain experiences, offering insights into Palestinian pain perception and coping strategies. Methods: Convenience and snowball sampling methods were employed to collect data from 646 adults in Palestine. Participants’ sociodemographic characteristics, pain experiences, and pain management strategies were examined. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and binary logistic regression followed by multiple logistic regressions were used for data analysis. Results: A significant portion of participants reported experiencing pain, with chronic pain being predominant. Pain prevalence varied across age groups, with higher rates in the elderly, followed by middle-aged and younger participants. Marital status and education level were linked to pain prevalence. Participants employed diverse pain management strategies, such as self-medication, physician visits, complementary medicine, and physical therapy. Age, gender, marital status, and education level influenced choices in pain management approaches. For instance, the elderly favored traditional medical interventions, while higher education levels were associated with reduced inclination toward conventional treatments. Conclusion: This study underscores the complex interaction of sociodemographic factors, pain experiences, and treatment preferences in pain management. It emphasizes personalized strategies considering age, marital status, education, and gender. Integrating these aspects improves treatment and satisfaction. The findings empower healthcare providers to create precise strategies, enhancing patient experiences for better outcomes.
Engineering an Autonucleolytic Mammalian Suspension Host Cell Line to Reduce DNA Impurity Levels in Serum-Free Lentiviral Process Streams

We engineered HEK293T cells with a transgene encoding tetracycline-inducible expression of a Staphylococcus aureus nuclease incorporating a translocation signal. We adapted the unmodified and nuclease-engineered cell lines to grow in suspension in serum-free media, generating the HEK293TS and NuPro-2S cell lines, respectively. Transient transfection yielded 1.19 × 106 lentiviral transducing units per milliliter (TU/mL) from NuPro-2S cells and 1.45 × 106 TU/mL from HEK293TS cells. DNA ladder disappearance revealed medium-resident nuclease activity arising from NuPro-2S cells in a tetracycline-inducible manner. DNA impurity levels in lentiviral material arising from NuPro-2S and HEK293TS cells were undetectable by SYBR Safe agarose gel staining. Direct measurement by PicoGreen reagent revealed DNA to be present at 636 ng/mL in lentiviral material from HEK293TS cells, an impurity level reduced by 89% to 70 ng/mL in lentiviral material from NuPro-2S cells. This reduction was comparable to the 23 ng/mL achieved by treating HEK293TS-derived lentiviral material with 50 units/mL Benzonase.
Variabilité de divers paramètres du développement postmétamorphique de l'oursin Sphaerechinus granularis en fonction de la qualité de l'environnement

Les troubles fonctionnels observes chez plusieurs populations de l'oursin Sphaerechinus granularis en rade de Brest confirment la grande sensibilite de cette espece aux modifications des conditions du milieu. Ces anomalies de developpement, bien que suspectees depuis plus de 10 ans, sont pour la premiere fois quantifiees dans cette etude. Pour ce faire, plusieurs populations ont ete echantillonnees dans des sites soumis a des degres de contamination anthropique divers. L'etude comparative des differents parametres du developpement postmetamorphique est plus particulierement developpee ici. Menee en 1993 et 1994, elle est essentiellement basee sur la comparaison d'indices physiologiques (indices gonadique et stomacal) et demographiques (recrutement, taux de croissance, taille maximale et longevite). Les resultats revelent des differences significatives entre les populations de reference situees dans le goulet de Brest et l'archipel de Glenan en Sud-Bretagne et les populations localisees dans le centre et le nord de la rade de Brest. Les oursins vivant a proximite de la pointe de l'Armorique, a l'embouchure de la riviere Aulne, paraissent particulierement affectes avec des taux d'ingestion et de developpement gonadique anormalement bas, l'absence de ponte significative et le plus bas taux de croissance de la rade. Ces donnees confirment les resultats de tests ecotoxicologiques simultanement menes a partir de ces populations (taux de fecondite, de blocages embryonnaires et d'anomalies larvaires). L'analyse de metaux lourds dans les gonades de la population la plus affectee revele des concentrations en plomb, cuivre, fer et zinc de deux a cinq fois plus elevees que celles observees chez les autres populations. Les deficiences fonctionnelles decrites chez cette population sont discutees en fonction de cette bioaccumulation metallique et notamment de la contamination locale en fer.
The implementation framework and practical issues of the agri-environmental stewardship in England.

英国は国土の77%が農業用に利用されており,その 比率は欧州連合(EU)の中でも特に高い. そのため農 地もまた動植物の貴重な生息地であり,農地での生物 多様性を高める取組が積極的に行われてきている. 現 在,イングランドではこのような目的に沿って農業環 境政策の諸制度が「環境スチュワードシップ(管理) 制度」(Environmental Stewardship, 以下ES制度とす る)に統合されてきている. この「管理」に当たる「スチュワードシップ」とは, 受託責任,あるいは,ある一定の責任をもつ世話役を 務めるという意味であり,国から農業環境政策の実践 を委託された土地所有者や農家が,農薬や化学肥料に よる環境負荷を減らし,機械化で失われてしまった景 観や生態系をよみがえらせる,またその維持の管理を す る 役 目 を 担 う と さ れ る(Van Huylenbroeck and Whitby, 1999). ES制度は2005年より施行され,2009年7月にはイ ングランド全農用地の54. 7%を占めるに到った. ま 農地における生物多様性への取り組みの実施状況と課題 -イングランドにおける環境スチュワードシップ制度の事例 --
Soil bulk density and water infiltration as affected by grazing systems.

The itiuences of continuous, rotationally deferred, and shortduration rotation grazing systems on soil compaction and water infiltration were assessed. Bulk density and water innltration were measured to evaluate the effects of the 3 grazing systems at moderate and heavy stocking rates. Measurements were made in the spring before grazing and at the end of the grazing season in 1983 and 1984. Bulk density was not affected by grazing systems or stocking rate; bulk density was greater in the fall than in spring of 1984, but not in 1983. Infiltration was significantly lower under the heavy stocking rate than under the moderate stocking rate at the end of the grazing season. The average water infiltration was significantly less in the fall than in the spring for the heavy stocking rate but showed no seasonal effect for the moderate stocking rate. Infiltration was significantly greater under continuous grazing than under rotational deferment but no different from that under short-duration grazing in 1983. However, in 1984 the relationship was reversed. The grazing systems evaluated did not affecct soil bulk density and water infiltration in a consistent manner; however, the stocking rate resulted in reduced infiltration during the grazing season.
Transfer Learning for Mortality Prediction in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with Low-Resolution Histopathology Slide Snapshots

High-resolution whole slide image scans of histopathology slides have been widely used in recent years for prediction in cancer. However, in some cases, clinical informatics practitioners may only have access to low-resolution snapshots of histopathology slides, not high-resolution scans. We evaluated strategies for training neural network prognostic models in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) based on low-resolution snapshots, using data from the Veterans Affairs Precision Oncology Data Repository. We compared strategies without transfer learning, with transfer learning from general domain images, and with transfer learning from publicly available high-resolution histopathology scans. We found transfer learning from high-resolution scans achieved significantly better performance than other strategies. Our contribution provides a foundation for future development of prognostic models in NSCLC that incorporate data from low-resolution pathology slide snapshots alongside known clinical predictors.
Introducing a Comprehensive Score of Systemic Anticancer Treatment Relevance

Treatment patterns in systemic anticancer therapy (SACT) are extremely varied and complex. While professional society guidelines exist that suggest recommended treatment strategies, these guidelines are produced through an extremely laborious and sometimes opaque manual process, making it impossible for such guidelines to cover all relevant treatment scenarios. To complement these manually curated guidelines, we leveraged a database of 5818 clinical trials and 7012 supporting references from 1943–present to calculate a quantifiable “relevance score”. In a pilot evaluation, this score was strongly associated with professional society guideline recommendations, while also providing relevance information on thousands of additional therapies. We show that this score also accurately illustrates trends in SACT adoption over time. We foresee that this score, which comprehensively evaluates the relevance of SACT overall and by cancer subtype, will have utility for clinical practitioners as well as researchers in real-world data.
Predictive Brain Activity Shows Congruent Semantic Specificity in Language Comprehension and Production

Sentence fragments strongly predicting a specific subsequent meaningful word elicit larger preword slow waves, prediction potentials (PPs), than unpredictive contexts. To test the current predictive processing models, 128-channel EEG data were collected from both sexes to examine whether (1) different semantic PPs are elicited in language comprehension and production and (2) whether these PPs originate from the same specific “prediction area(s)” or rather from widely distributed category-specific neuronal circuits reflecting the meaning of the predicted item. Slow waves larger after predictable than unpredictable contexts were present both before subjects heard the sentence-final word in the comprehension experiment and before they pronounced the sentence-final word in the production experiment. Crucially, cortical sources underlying the semantic PP were distributed across several cortical areas and differed between the semantic categories of the expected words. In both production and comprehension, the anticipation of animal words was reflected by sources in posterior visual areas, whereas predictable tool words were preceded by sources in the frontocentral sensorimotor cortex. For both modalities, PP size increased with higher cloze probability, thus further confirming that it reflects semantic prediction, and with shorter latencies with which participants completed sentence fragments. These results sit well with theories viewing distributed semantic category-specific circuits as the mechanistic basis of semantic prediction in the two modalities.
Systematic analysis of the codon usage patterns of African swine fever virus genome coding sequences reveals its host adaptation phenotype

African swine fever (ASF) is a severe haemorrhagic disease caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), transmitted by ticks, resulting in high mortality among domestic pigs and wild boars. The global spread of ASFV poses significant economic threats to the swine industry. This study employs diverse analytical methods to explore ASFV’s evolution and host adaptation, focusing on codon usage patterns and associated factors. Utilizing phylogenetic analysis methods including neighbour-joining and maximum-likelihood, 64 ASFV strains were categorized into four clades. Codon usage bias (CUB) is modest in ASFV coding sequences. This research identifies multiple factors – such as nucleotide composition, mutational pressures, natural selection and geographical diversity – contributing to the formation of CUB in ASFV. Analysis of relative synonymous codon usage reveals CUB variations within clades and among ASFVs and their hosts. Both Codon Adaptation Index and Similarity Index analyses confirm that ASFV strains are highly adapted to soft ticks (Ornithodoros moubata) but less so to domestic pigs, which could be a result of the long-term co-evolution of ASFV with ticks. This study sheds light on the factors influencing ASFV’s codon usage and fitness dynamics, enriching our understanding of its evolution, adaptation and host interactions.
Technical note: Proposed model for regional power sector integration in Africa

Regional power pools present a significant and potentially defining opportunity for African power systems to develop domestic energy resources, improve system reliability, and contribute to overall economic development. Hydropower is expected to play a significant role in many regional power pools in Africa. Feasible power transmission highways from Grand Inga in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Grand Renaissance Dam in Ethiopia to other regions on the continent create the possibility of a pan-African electricity grid. However, in the medium and long term, global climate change is expected to cause major variations in Africa's hydrological resources and it is not known how these changes may impact the value of regional power sector integration. This paper presents a model developed to study the value of different levels of regional integration in sub-Saharan Africa and how this value may change in the face of climate change. This work builds on previous studies by incorporating the ability to trade between different regional pools, co-optimisation of generation and transmission, the ability to share reserves, and detailed simulation of the major hydropower basins in Africa. Numerical results of the analysis will be presented in a parallel paper.
Sediment impacts on aquatic ecosystems of the Bukit Merah Reservoir, Perak, Malaysia

In recent decades interest in suspended sediment dynamics has increased. There are many issues related to high suspended sediment concentrations, such as reservoir sedimentation, channel and harbour silting, as well as the ecological and recreational impacts of sediment management. This paper describes a study of the input and output of sediment in the small Bukit Merah Reservoir (BMR) in Perak, Malaysia. The reservoir received inputs from four rivers totalling about 37 600 t year -1 . More than 90% of the sediment input (approx. 35 000 t) came from the Sg. Kurau River. The average lake sedimentation rates were 0.36 mm year -1 (1995―2000) and 0.48 mm year (2000―2005). The average suspended sediment concentration in the lake was between 8.6 and 13.5 mg L -1 , while turbidity ranged between 5.8 and 64.1 NTU. The reservoir is slightly eutrophic, caused by the impact of sediment and nutrients on the receiving water body.
How to assess and treat right ventricular electromechanical dyssynchrony in post-repair tetralogy of Fallot: insights from imaging, invasive studies, and computational modelling

Abstract Background and Aims Right bundle branch block (RBBB) and resulting right ventricular (RV) electromechanical discoordination are thought to play a role in the disease process of subpulmonary RV dysfunction that frequently occur post-repair tetralogy of Fallot (ToF). We sought to describe this disease entity, the role of pulmonary re-valvulation, and the potential added value of RV cardiac resynchronization therapy (RV-CRT). Methods Two patients with repaired ToF, complete RBBB, pulmonary regurgitation, and significantly decreased RV function underwent echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance, and an invasive study to evaluate the potential for RV-CRT as part of the management strategy. The data were used to personalize the CircAdapt model of the human heart and circulation. Resulting Digital Twins were analysed to quantify the relative effects of RV pressure and volume overload and to predict the effect of RV-CRT. Results Echocardiography showed components of a classic RV dyssynchrony pattern which could be reversed by RV-CRT during invasive study and resulted in acute improvement in RV systolic function. The Digital Twins confirmed a contribution of electromechanical RV dyssynchrony to RV dysfunction and suggested improvement of RV contraction efficiency after RV-CRT. The one patient who underwent successful permanent RV-CRT as part of the pulmonary re-valvulation procedure carried improvements that were in line with the predictions based on his Digital Twin. Conclusion An integrative diagnostic approach to RV dysfunction, including the construction of Digital Twins may help to identify candidates for RV-CRT as part of the lifetime management of ToF and similar congenital heart lesions.
Range-Agnostic Multi-View Depth Estimation With Keyframe Selection

Methods for 3D reconstruction from posed frames require prior knowledge about the scene metric range, usually to recover matching cues along the epipolar lines and narrow the search range. However, such prior might not be directly available or estimated inaccurately in real scenarios -- e.g., outdoor 3D reconstruction from video sequences -- therefore heavily hampering performance. In this paper, we focus on multi-view depth estimation without requiring prior knowledge about the metric range of the scene by proposing RAMDepth, an efficient and purely 2D framework that reverses the depth estimation and matching steps order. Moreover, we demonstrate the capability of our framework to provide rich insights about the quality of the views used for prediction. Additional material can be found on our project page https://andreaconti.github. io/projects/range_agnostic_multi_view_depth.
Commonsense-augmented Memory Construction and Management in Long-term Conversations via Context-aware Persona Refinement

Memorizing and utilizing speakers’ personas is a common practice for response generation in long-term conversations. Yet, human-authored datasets often provide uninformative persona sentences that hinder response quality. This paper presents a novel framework that leverages commonsense-based persona expansion to address such issues in long-term conversation.While prior work focuses on not producing personas that contradict others, we focus on transforming contradictory personas into sentences that contain rich speaker information, by refining them based on their contextual backgrounds with designed strategies. As the pioneer of persona expansion in multi-session settings, our framework facilitates better response generation via human-like persona refinement. The supplementary video of our work is available at https://caffeine-15bbf.web. app/.
First-order relativistic hydrodynamics with an information current

We show that it is possible to define a timelike future-directed information current within relativistic first-order hydrodynamics. This constitutes the first step towards a covariantly stable and causal formulation of first-order fluctuating hydrodynamics based on thermodynamic principles. We provide several explicit examples of first-order theories with an information current, covering many physical phenomena, ranging from electric conduction to viscosity and elasticity. We use these information currents to compute the corresponding equal-time correlation functions, and we find that the physically relevant (equal-time) correlators do not depend on the choice of the hydrodynamic frame as long as the frame leads to causal and stable dynamics. In the example of chiral hydrodynamics, we find that circularly polarized shear waves have different probabilities of being excited depending on their handedness, generating net helicity in chiral fluids.
FP6-LLM: Efficiently Serving Large Language Models Through FP6-Centric Algorithm-System Co-Design

Six-bit quantization (FP6) can effectively reduce the size of large language models (LLMs) and preserve the model quality consistently across varied applications. However, existing systems do not provide Tensor Core support for FP6 quantization and struggle to achieve practical performance improvements during LLM inference. It is challenging to support FP6 quantization on GPUs due to (1) unfriendly memory access of model weights with irregular bit-width and (2) high runtime overhead of weight de-quantization. To address these problems, we propose TC-FPx, the first full-stack GPU kernel design scheme with unified Tensor Core support of float-point weights for various quantization bit-width. We integrate TC-FPx kernel into an existing inference system, providing new end-to-end support (called FP6-LLM) for quantized LLM inference, where better trade-offs between inference cost and model quality are achieved. Experiments show that FP6-LLM enables the inference of LLaMA-70b using only a single GPU, achieving 1.69x-2.65x higher normalized inference throughput than the FP16 baseline. The source code is publicly available at https://github.com/usyd-fsalab/fp6_llm.
Appearance Debiased Gaze Estimation via Stochastic Subject-Wise Adversarial Learning

Recently, appearance-based gaze estimation has been attracting attention in computer vision, and remarkable improvements have been achieved using various deep learning techniques. Despite such progress, most methods aim to infer gaze vectors from images directly, which causes overfitting to person-specific appearance factors. In this paper, we address these challenges and propose a novel framework: Stochastic subject-wise Adversarial gaZE learning (SAZE), which trains a network to generalize the appearance of subjects. We design a Face generalization Network (Fgen-Net) using a face-to-gaze encoder and face identity classifier and a proposed adversarial loss. The proposed loss generalizes face appearance factors so that the identity classifier inferences a uniform probability distribution. In addition, the Fgen-Net is trained by a learning mechanism that optimizes the network by reselecting a subset of subjects at every training step to avoid overfitting. Our experimental results verify the robustness of the method in that it yields state-of-the-art performance, achieving 3.89 and 4.42 on the MPIIGaze and EyeDiap datasets, respectively. Furthermore, we demonstrate the positive generalization effect by conducting further experiments using face images involving different styles generated from the generative model.
FoVA-Depth: Field-of-View Agnostic Depth Estimation for Cross-Dataset Generalization

Wide field-of-view (FoV) cameras efficiently capture large portions of the scene, which makes them attractive in multiple domains, such as automotive and robotics. For such applications, estimating depth from multiple images is a critical task, and therefore, a large amount of ground truth (GT) data is available. Unfortunately, most of the GT data is for pinhole cameras, making it impossible to properly train depth estimation models for large-FoV cameras. We propose the first method to train a stereo depth estimation model on the widely available pinhole data, and to generalize it to data captured with larger FoVs. Our intuition is simple: We warp the training data to a canonical, large-FoV representation and augment it to allow a single network to reason about diverse types of distortions that otherwise would prevent generalization. We show strong generalization ability of our approach on both indoor and outdoor datasets, which was not possible with previous methods.