Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Susceptibility and resilience to invasions: macrozoobenthic communities in the Dutch delta waters

An increasing number of exotic macrozoobenthic species is recorded in the Dutch delta waters. With respect to the ecological integrity of these systems, it is important to know what determines the successful settlement and expansion of these populations. Based on a long-term monitoring data set for the Dutch delta waters it was investigated whether the susceptibility and resilience of benthic communities to invasion differs with the biotic and abiotic conditions prevailing in these systems. Large differences in the level of invasion were found between the water bodies. The share of exotic species varied between 9 and 23% of the total density and 40 to 81% of the total biomass. These striking differences in dominance patterns of the exotic species between water bodies were related to the prevailing community structure resulting from the level of environmental degradation, the water exchange rate with the open sea, and/or the size of the water body. It is hypothesized here that successful settlement is determined by local physical-chemical characteristics fitting species tolerances and necessities to fulfil their life-cycle. Relative high exotic species concentrations can therefore be found in areas with a high rate of species introductions on a daily basis (hot spots of introduction). Local dominance of exotic species is however related to disturbances decreasing competitive abilities of (native) species already present. When potentially competitive (native) populations are weakened in entire regions, exotic species can become successful in larger regions taking over a particular niche, as was observed for the shore crab communities of the Dutch delta waters (Van den Brink et al., 2012). Generally the success of newly introduced species is only temporary; after the introduction, a lag-phase and an exponential increase of the populations, those populations start to decline and balanced co-existence with native species is reached. The total sequence from introduction to decline typically takes about 15 years in the Dutch delta waters (Hummel & Wijnhoven, 2013). Whether exotic species become invasive seems to be related to the environmental quality state of systems in which they have settled successfully. The environmental quality state determines the resistance of communities already present. Most successful exotic species appear to be those changing their environment; i.e. ecosystem engineers. Moreover these exotic engineering species facilitate associated communities and thereby suppress settlement and expansion of other (native) species. The consequences and potentials for policy and water management will be discussed.
PersoNet: Friend Recommendation System Based on Big-Five Personality Traits and Hybrid Filtering

Friend recommendation system (FRS) is an essential part of any social network system. With the popularity of social network sites, many FRSs have been proposed in the past few years. However, most of them are homophily based systems, homophily is the propensity to associate and bond with similar others. In other words, these systems will recommend people that you share common features with them as friends. Homophily based FRS is accurate when the common feature is a physical or social feature, such as age, race, location, job, or lifestyle. However, it is not the case with personality types. Having a given personality type does not necessarily mean that you are compatible with people that have the same personality type. Therefore, in this paper, we present and evaluate an FRS based on the big-five personality traits model and hybrid filtering, in which the friend recommended process is based on personality traits and users’ harmony rating. To validate the proposed system’s accuracy, a personality-based social network site that uses the proposed FRS named PersoNet is implemented. Users’ rating results show that PersoNet performs better than collaborative filtering (CF)-based FRS in terms of precision and recall.
Phytoplankton primary production

Primary productivity may be defined as the amount of organic material produced per unit area per unit time; or simply as the product of phytoplankton biomass times phytoplankton growth rate (Cloern and others, 2014). Marine primary production plays an important role in food web dynamics, in biogeochemical cycles and in marine fisheries (Chassot and others, 2010, Passow and Carlson 2012). The term plankton, which means wandering or drifting, generally encompasses three groups: the phytoplankton, the photosynthetic (plant) component; the zooplankton, which is the animal component and the ichthyoplankton which comprise the fish larvae. However, this chapter will concentrate on the plant component, the phytoplankton. Phytoplankton is the foundation of the aquatic food web, meaning that they are the primary producers (Vargas and others, 2006). A common feature to all phytoplankton is that they contain chlorophyll-a; but there are other accessory pigments such as chlorophyll-b and chlorophyll-c, as well as photosynthetic carotenoids (Kirk 1994, Barlow and others, 2008). These pigments absorb solar energy and convert carbon dioxide and water into high-energy organic carbon compounds that fuels growth by synthesizing vital required components such as amino acids, lipids, protein, polysaccharides, pigments and nucleic acids. The photosynthetic process produces gross primary production; and the difference between gross primary production and respiration gives net primary production. Respiration is the release of carbon dioxide by photosynthetic organisms; leaving a net photosynthetic fixation of inorganic carbon into autotrophic biomass. Phytoplankton in the ocean contributes to roughly half of the planetary net primary production (Field and others, 1998). Through sinking of the fixed organic matter, primary production acts as a biological pump that removes carbon from the surface ocean, thereby playing a global role in climate change (ASCLME/ SWIOFP 2012).
Factors governing sedimentation and pelagic nutrient cycles in the northern Baltic Sea

Include an abstract with maximum 150 words. Acknowfledgemeiiits Gather ali acknowledgements under one heading be fore the Referenees. Footiantes Avoid using footnotes if possible. Tabies Number ail tabies and melude a short descriptive titie. Vertical lines between cohnnns are not to be used. Ali tabies should be referred to as Table both in the text
A Uniformity Optimization Method for Physically Unclonable Functions of Arbiters

: In this paper, the design principle of the Arbiter Physical Unclonable Function (APUF) based on the arbiter is studied, the existing problems are analyzed, and the problem of its delay asymmetry is studied. This paper proposes two methods that can change the uniformity of PUF, by changing the delay on each path to make the uniformity of PUF closer to 50%. The improvement of PUF uniformity can greatly increase the security of PUF, making information storage more vulnerable to external attacks.
Atmospheric river landfall‐latitude changes in future climate simulations

The latitude of landfall for atmospheric rivers (ARs) is examined in the fully coupled half‐degree version of the Community Climate System Model, version 4 (CCSM4) for warm future climate simulations. Two regions are examined: U.S. West Coast/North Pacific ARs and United Kingdom/North Atlantic ARs. Changes in AR landfall‐latitude reflect changes in the atmospheric steering flow. West Coast U.S. ARs are projected to push equatorward in response to the subtropical jet climate change. UK AR response is dominated by eddy‐driven jets and is seasonally dependent. UK simulated AR response is modest in the winter with the largest relative changes occurring in the seasonal transition months. Precipitation associated with ARs is also projected to increase in intensity under global warming. CCSM4 projects a marked shift to higher rainfall rates for Southern California. Small to modest rainfall rates may increase for all UK latitudes, for the Pacific Northwest, and central and northern California.
SÜREKLİ OPTİMAL PERFORMANS DUYGU DURUM-2 (SOPDD-2) ÖLÇEĞİNİN BEDEN EĞİTİMİ DERSİ İÇİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ.

Bu calismanin amaci, Surekli Optimal Performans Duygu Durum-2 Olceginin Turkce formunun gecerlilik ve guvenirligini beden egitimi ders ortami icin sinamaktir. Calismaya yaslari 12 ile 15 arasinda degisen 154’u erkek (&yas = 13.37 Ss = 0.88) ve 137’i kiz (&yas = 13.39 Ss = 0.77) olmak uzere toplam 291 (&yas = 13.38 Ss = 0.83) ilkogretim ikinci kademe ogrencisi katilmistir. Surekli Optimal Performans Duygu Durum-2 Olceginin beden egitimi dersi icin faktor yapisini degerlendirmek icin Dogrulayici Faktor Analizi kullanilmistir. Olcegin uyarlanmasina iliskin islemler sonunda, Surekli Optimal Performans Duygu Durum-2 Olceginin uyum indeksleri F2/sd = 863.11/558 = 1.55, RMSEA = 0.043, NNFI = 0.96, CFI = 0.97 olarak bulunmustur. Olcege ait ic tutarlik katsayilari ise 0.46 (Gorev Zorlugu/Beceri Dengesi) ile 0.79 (Kendilik Farkindaliginin Azalmasi) arasinda degismektedir. Sonuc olarak, Surekli Optimal Performans Duygu Durum–2 Olceginin Turkce versiyonunun beden egitimi ogrencilerinin optimal performans duygu durumlarini belirlemede gecerli ve guvenilir bir arac oldugu soylenebilir
The Effect of Tillage on Soil Organic Matter Using 14C: A Case Study

We compared four adjacent soil plots in an effort to determine the effect of land use on soil carbon storage. The plots were located at the High Plains Agricultural Research Laboratory near Sidney, Nebraska. We measured 14C, total carbon, total nitrogen and 137Ce to determine the size and turnover times of rapid and stable soil organic matter (SOM) pools, and their relation to land-use practices. Results were consistent with the model produced by Harrison, Broecker and Bonani (1993a) in that the 14C surface soil data fell on the time trend plots of world 14C surface soil data, indicating that the natural sod and non-tilled plots had a rapidly turning over SOM pool, comprising ca. 75% of surface soil carbon, and the tilled plots had a rapidly turning over SOM pool, comprising only 50% of surface soil carbon.
Declining lake sediment phosphorus release and oxygen deficit following wastewater diversion

Lake Sammamish failed to show a predictable response after phosphorus loading was reduced by one-third through waste water diversion in 1968, according to studies during the early 1970s.1"3 Based on the flushing rate alone, the lake phosphorus concentration should have recovered 90% of its equilibrium level within 4 years. However, phosphorus and chlorophyll-a content or depth of visibility (Sechhi disk) did not change significantly during 1970-75,3 compared to results from a prediversion study in 1964-66.4 Average summer values for surface chlorophyll-a and Secchi depth and annual whole-lake values for phosphorus for the preand post-diversion periods were 5 Mg/L, 3.3 m, and 33 Mg/L, respectively, for the prediversion period and 6.6 Mg/L, 3.4 m, and 27 Mg/L, respectively, for the postdiversion period.
Utilidad diagnóstica de los tiempos de positividad de hemocultivos para distinguir verdaderas bacteriemias de contaminantes en base a un sistema automatizado

Objective. To determine the diagnostic performance of blood culture positivity times for distinguishing true bacteremia from contaminants in the automated “BACT/ALERT®” system. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional, diagnostic test-type study was conducted from a database of blood culture samples processed between January 2016 and August 2021. All blood culture samples from patients with suspected bacteremia were included; blood culture samples were entered into the “BACT/ALERT®” system to differentiate true bacteremia from contaminants. Results. We obtained 33,951 blood cultures samples, of which 3875 were positive. Of the total number of positive blood cultures, 75.2% (n=2913) were true bacteremia and 24.8% (n=962) were contaminants. The median time to positivity in blood cultures with true bacteremia was significantly shorter (16.3 hours; IQR: 11.2 - 24.9) than the median time to positivity of blood cultures with contaminants (22.5 hours; IQR: 18.4 - 31.8; p<0.001). Thepositivity time showed the capacity to differentiate true bacteremia from contaminants, with an AUC-ROC of 0.73(95%CI: 0.71 - 0.75), with 85% and 63% sensitivity and specificity respectively for the diagnosis of contaminantswhen the positivity time exceeds 16.5 hours. The use of antibiotics prior to sampling delayed the time to positivity, while having fever before sampling shortened the time to positivity. Conclusions. Our results show good diagnostic performance of blood culture positivity times to differentiate true bacteremia from contaminants using the “BACT/ALERT®” system when the positivity time was longer than 16.5 hours.
Keel bone injury in laying hens: the prevalence of injuries in relation to different housing systems, implications, and potential solutions

Increased pressure on the poultry industry by animal-rights organisations and environmentally-conscious consumers has led to the rising popularity of cage-free housing system for hens. One of the main dangers of cage-free housing systems is the possibility for laying hens to damage their keels. Keel bone fracture incidence rate ranges up to 85%, and can lead to extensive pain in any bird, and potentially be the cause of the death for a hen in a cage-free environment. It was reported that kneel bone damage observed in flocks housed in non-cage systems was 30 to 95% while in furnished cages it was 15 to 55%. The purpose of this review is to compare the prevalence of the problem found in the three main housing systems (conventional, enriched cage, and cage-free), discuss if such damage could affect the behaviour and production of laying hens, and provide potential solutions for reducing the prevalence of keel bone damage. Keel fractures can negatively affect a hen in its day-to-day life by causing pain and restricting its movements. The prevalence of keel bone damage varies considerably among the studies due to differences in the system design, genetic line, age and method for determining the keel damage, which makes difficult to compare the systems. The genetic selection, adequate nutrition and modifications in the house design have shown to be useful tools in reducing keel bone damage in laying hens.
Cooperative Communications inWireless Local Area Networks: MAC Protocol Design and Multi-layer Solutions

This dissertation addresses cooperative communications and proposes multi-layer solutions for wireless local area networks, focusing on cooperative MAC design. The cooperative MAC design starts from CSMA/CA based wireless networks. Three key issues of cooperation from the MAC layer are dealt with: i.e., when to cooperate (opportunistic cooperation), whom to cooperate with (relay selection), and how to protect cooperative transmissions (message procedure design). In addition, a cooperative MAC protocol that addresses these three issues is proposed. The relay selection scheme is further optimized in a clustered network to solve the problem of high collision probability in a dense network. The performance of the proposed schemes is evaluated in terms of throughput, packet delivery rate and energy efficiency. Furthermore, the proposed protocol is verified through formal model checking using SPIN. Moreover, a cooperative code allocation scheme is proposed targeting at a clustered network where multiple relay nodes can transmit simultaneously. The cooperative communication design is then extended to the routing layer through cross layer routing metrics. Another part of the work aims at enabling concurrent transmissions using cooperative carrier sensing to improve the performance in a WLAN network with multiple access points sharing the same channel.
Simulation of display thermal deformation and error analysis in high precision reverse Hartmann test

In reverse Hartmann measurement, the display often undergoes thermal deformation due to self-heating, which can cause drift of pixels on the screen and cause errors in the measurement results. A multilayer LCD model was established based on a linear elastic material model, and the influence of thermal deformation of the display on measurement results was analyzed under different backlighting modes. The results show that when uniformly heated, the PV value increases by 40 nm for each degree of temperature increase in the display, and the main surface errors are tilt and astigmatism under different temperature fields.
The Relationship of Online Brand Community, Value Creation Practices, Brand Trust, and Brand Loyalty

Objective: Companies are realizing the potential of the online brand community to increase consumer relationships. Online Brand community keeps customers using the company's products through all community activities. This study investigates the effect of the activity in the online brand community on value co-creation practices to create brand trust and brand loyalty. Design/Methods/Approach: An online survey was conducted by distributing a questionnaire among 319 members of an online brand community. The collected data was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Findings: Online brand communities influence value co-creation practices (social networking, community engagement, impression management, and brand use). In this study, social networking and impression management influence brand trust and brand loyalty. However, community engagement and brand use do not affect brand trust. The role of brand trust affects the creation of brand loyalty in online brand community members. Originality/Value: This study examines the effect of value co-creation practices in online brand communities on brand trust and brand loyalty in brand communities found in one country with a high collectivity level. Not all community value co-creation activities have the effect of creating brand trust due to conditions within the community. Practical/Policy implication: The practical implication is to guide marketers to pay attention to some value co-creation activities in online brand communities that can create brand trust in brand communities with a high culture of collectivity. Companies understand the dynamics of online brand communities and relevant strategies in high collectivity cultures, as well as leveraging the potential of social networks while overcoming the challenges posed by the abundance of information on the internet.
Social effects triggered by the expansion of higher education in Romania

The recent expansion of higher education in Romania triggered significant social changes in the composition of the country’s student population. Despite the presumption of meritbased admission, prior to 1990 the student body was mostly urban, the massive expansion of university places starting in the early 1990s opened the doors to higher education to a wider category of people. Additionally, certain policies were introduced to increase the access of minorities to higher education. This paper analyzes the characteristics of the student population in terms of gender, place of primary residence (urban/rural) and ethnicity, and it looks at whether the expansion of education contributed to the decrease in structural inequalities between the ethnic Hungarian and Roma minorities and the ethnic Romanian majority population.
The Advanced Internet Searcher's Handbook

The handbook offers help with such topics as: free text search engines index-based search engines multi/meta search engines resource or site-specific search engines searching the 'hidden' web finding images, sounds and multimedia information finding people weblogs other available database resources virtual libraries and gateways USENET newsgroups and mailing lists The information mix: into the future.
Global food losses and food waste: extent, causes and prevention

This publication is based on studies carried out from August 2010 to January 2011 by The Swedish Institute for Food and Biotechnology (SIK) on request from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The two studies on global food losses (one for high/medium-income countries and one for low income countries) have been carried out to serve as a basis for the international congress Save Food! , 16-17 May 2011, at the international packaging industry fair Interpack2011 in Dusseldorf, Germany. Save Food! has been co-organized by Interpack2011 and FAO. Save Food! aims at awareness raising on global food losses and waste, and on the impact of these on poverty and hunger in the world, as well as on climate change and on the use of natural resources.
Biset functors and brauer's induction theorem

BISET FUNCTORS AND BRAUER’S INDUCTION THEOREM İsmail Alperen Öğüt M.S. in Mathematics Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Laurence J. Barker August, 2014 We introduce two algebras on the endomorphism ring of the direct sum of character rings of groups from some collection. We prove the equality of these algebras to simplify a step in the proof of Brauer’s Induction Theorem. We also show that these algebras are isomorphic to the direct sum of character rings of the direct products of the groups from the collection.
The North of England and Northern English

Since at least the early Middle English period the conception of the North of England as a region, which is culturally and linguistically separate from the South of the country, has been widespread (Beal 1993: 125–129). Nonetheless, there is no simple consensus about the extent of the North of England, either in common perception or linguistic description (Billinge and Baker, eds, 2004; Musgrove 1990; Russell 2004; Wales 2000, 2001, 2006). Certain supraregional features (Hickey 2013) are typical of the entire region and serve as identity markers while others point to a more finely grained and nuanced view of the region. The present-day North is characterised not least by a division of English into rural and urban varieties with the latter sharing or resisting general developments in urban British English today.
Risk-Based Avalanche Program Design

Avalanche safety programs around the world are diverse and varied, challenged to forecast avalanche hazard and manage avalanche risk in a variety of environments, scales and contexts. While each different program comes with its own unique set of objectives and elements-at-risk, the common thread among them all is the underlying, universal components of risk. All risk scenarios are premised upon the concepts of probability and consequence, while avalanche risk specifically combines hazard, exposure and vulnerability. While these factors are often assessed, combined and expressed in different ways for different scenarios, the basic premise of risk is fundamental to the system of avalanche risk management. In this paper we describe how individual decision making can be improved by deconstructing scenarios into risk components, and how the universal nature of risk-based systems makes them a compelling choice upon which to base avalanche education, practice and communication.
WHO Guide to Good Prescribing

This chapter is intended for medical students and clinical teachers who are interested in learning and/or teaching rational prescribing. In particular, we discuss the WHO Guide to Good Prescribing, which provides an attractive and effective 6-step methodology. We first discuss why the Guide was written and then describe and evaluate the 6-step concept. We conclude with some remarks for therapeutic teachers and medical students.