Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design and Absolute Calibration of an Embedded, Wideband Velocity Sensor

A unique embeddable high-fidelity transducer is introduced here, presenting design parameters and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) calibration. Traditionally, acoustic emission studies are conducted by placing an array of sensors on the surface of the specimen being tested, but the physical constraints of many practical testing geometries preclude surface placement of sensors. Advantages of embedded sensors include the following: (a) mode conversion is avoided so the measured waveforms are simpler and easier to interpret; (b) the sensor(s) can be located close to the area of crack growth; (c) a greater length of signal can be recorded before being contaminated by surface reflections/mode conversions; (d) embedded sensors may be less susceptible to accidental movement or damage; and (e) embedded sensors can be used when free surfaces are not accessible. To date no such transducers have been available. As a surface sensor, the device is sensitive to partial displacement; as an embedded sensor, the device is sensitive to particle velocity. The presented design yields sensitivity equal to commercial resonant devices (2.34-V output per mm per s embedded; 2.8 V/nm surface) while maintaining the high-fidelity of the NIST displacement sensors (±2.5 dB from 10 KHz to 1 MHz). The embedded response is calibrated with the theoretical solution for Lamb’s problems.
Representing Seasonally Frozen Soil with the CREAMS Model

ABSTRACT THE hydrology component of the CREAMS model was modified to represent frozen soil during spring snowmelt periods. The modified version was tested with observed data from six small watersheds in the United States that represent diverse climatic and land use conditons. Comparisons were made with simulations from the original model to determine the effects of the modification. Annual runoff simulated by the modified model generally compared very favorably with observed annual runoff. However, winter rainfall and/or snowmelt often resulted in measurable runoff when none was simulated. Simulated snowmelt runoff was greater from the modified model than that from the original model. However, in a watershed simulation in Idaho, this case was reversed. Model revisions that do not require additional input are described in the paper. Results of model testing at the six locations are presented.
Improving Engineering Education: A Research‐Based Framework For Teaching

Instructional methods suggested to improve engineering education often follow primarily from personal experience and disparate research findings. While acknowledging the value of anecdotal evidence and individual studies, we advocate treating teaching as an ongoing scholarly practice where existing and new research is organized into a robust framework that produces a total effect greater than the sum of the independent parts. This paper describes the major components in a research‐based framework for teaching and applies it to engineering education. While initially time intensive, this approach promotes an interplay of pedagogical decisions resulting in a synergism that best advances effective engineering education.
The Use Of Information Technologies In Fitness Activities Under The Covid-19 Restrictions

The study is devoted to the organization of independent physical education and sports by the population in the context of the restrictions that arose in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic. The issues of the development of the information society and the forms and types of physical culture activities, sports and fitness are considered in detail, but there are no works providing data on physical culture, sports and fitness in the information society. The article discusses the problem of the population's readiness to use information technologies for physical education, sports and fitness immediately before the onset and during the restrictions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. It was concluded that during the onset of the restrictions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, a significant part of the population was not ready to organize independent physical education exercise sessions and sports activities using digital technologies. Gender preferences were revealed, thus, women significantly more often practiced exercises for flexibility and coordination. Men were more likely to have a passion for strength exercises. The use of digital technologies was recorded at an insufficient level. There were some gender specificities. Women more often practiced online classes with a trainer, and men used digital technologies (Just Dance, VR, AR, etc.), but no significant differences were found. (C) 2021 Published by European Publisher.
Wind turbine condition monitoring using generator control loop signals

This paper presents an advanced monitoring and diagnosis method for detecting of incipient electrical and mechanical faults in a wind-turbine-driven doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG). In this application, the stator windings are directly connected to the grid, whereas a converter controls the rotor currents by means of a Field Oriented Control (FOC) scheme. A new diagnostic method, based upon frequency analysis of the dq rotor current error signals inside the machine-side converter controller, is proposed. Simulation results confirm that the spectra of these signals have features that are suitable for an effective diagnostic procedure. The proposed system could be embedded in a wind turbine at very low cost.
Planning for Child Pedestrians: Issues of Health, Safety and Social Justice

Seattle’s Harborview Medical Center serves both as a ‘safety-net’ primary care clinic and as the regional trauma centre. Like their counterparts across the country, the low-income ethnically-diverse children who come to the clinics for their medical care are increasingly, seemingly inexorably, afflicted by the scourge of overweight and its associated health and psychosocial consequences. The prevalence of obesity among 6–11 year old children has tripled in the last 30 years (IOM, 2005) with Black and Hispanic children disproportionately affected (Ogden et al., 2002). The longterm sequel of this trend will be devastating, with increasing rates of hypertension, diabetes, cancer and premature death among the overweight contributing to the already marked racial and ethnic disparities in health status. In an attempt to respond to the multiple causes of this epidemic, the clinicians preach the energy balance: reduce portion size, eat sensibly, turn off the TV and be more active. But many of the children served by the Center have limited access to organized sports, appealing parks or recreational facilities. Venues for physical activity are too far from home, too costly or culturally uninviting. Therefore it is suggested building physical activity into the daily routine: why not walk or bike to school? It is known, for example, that children who walk to school arrive ready to learn, have fewer behavioral issues during the school day and tend to be more physically active than their non-walking peers (Cooper et al., 2003; Alexander et al., 2005) (although they may get much of their physical activity for the day during their commute) (Tudor-Locke et al., 2002). Meanwhile, not 100 yards from the outpatient clinic, the Trauma Center receives yet another child pedestrian struck by a motor vehicle. Motor vehicle trauma is the leading cause of child death after infancy and child pedestrians account for 25% of these fatalities (Grossman, 2000). Risk factors for child pedestrian injury include high local traffic volumes, low parental educational attainment, low income and younger age (Rivara & Barber, 1985; Wazana et al., 1997). The medical and emotional burden of these injuries is staggering, and is disproportionately borne by children of colour. Fortunately, the death toll to child pedestrians has fallen dramatically over the last 30 years. While some of this is due to safety advances and better medical care in our hospitals, the real reason fewer children die as pedestrians is that so few
Planning, justifying and installing advanced manufacturing technology: a managerial framework

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present the results of an investigation of advanced manufacturing technology (AMT) implementation practices and performance at 82 discrete‐parts durable goods manufacturing plants in the USA.Design/methodology/approach – A mail survey was used to gather information about: the types of AMT that the plants were using; the planning, justification and installation activities that were used to support the adoption of these technologies; and changes in plant performance that could be attributed to the AMT adoptions. Several propositions that were derived from the AMT literature are tested.Findings – Our results indicate that firms that are desirous of adopting integrated technologies should be prepared to exert considerable effort on: fostering a supportive planning environment; integrating investment justification; engendering human and technology resource consistency; and promoting team‐based project planning and installation. Additionally, our analysis indicates that.
Slow‐wave high‐Q coplanar striplines in CMOS technology and their RLCG model

Slow‐wave coplanar striplines (S‐CPS) have been implemented in the standard AMS 0.35 μm CMOS technology. Compared to conventional coplanar striplines (CPS), at 20 GHz, the proposed S‐CPS line has more than 675% increase in quality factor, 54% improvement in the attenuation constant and 72% reduction in the electrical length. The RLCG model has also been extracted and the sources of losses have been identified. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:650–654, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26645
SELECTIVE VISUAL DEGRADATION AND THE OLDER DRIVER

Drivers of all ages experience serious visual impairment in low illumination. These unavoidable visual losses seem to be of little concern to younger drivers as their night driving behavior changes little to compensate for their diminished capabilities. In contrast, older drivers are inclined to avoid night driving, and this concern seems to arise largely because they are disturbed by limitations of their vision in low light. Differences between younger and older drivers are examined here in light of the "two-visual systems hypothesis", which emphasizes that not all visual functions are equally degraded by reduced illumination. From this viewpoint, the excessive confidence of younger drivers at night has been attributed to the selective nature of visual losses in low light, when "focal" functions like acuity and contrast sensitivity deteriorate, but "ambient" functions like visual orientation and control of locomotion remain highly efficient. This account is not complete, however, until it can also explain the more cautious behavior of older drivers. The present paper moves toward a more general theory of night driving behavior through consideration of (1) age-related changes in basic visual processes which occur gradually across the adult life-span, (2) recent investigations of the role of vision as a contributing factor in specific classes of fatal road accidents; and (3) new evidence suggesting that "ambient" as well as "focal" visual functions are affected by aging. Though tentative, the "selective degradation hypothesis" promotes a realistic analysis of the role of vision in night driving.
Educative Hypermedia on Tablets: State of The Art

Este estado da arte pretende identificar o nivel de desenvolvimento mais atualizado na producao tecnica de hipermidias educativas em tablets. A fim de obte-lo, foi empregado o metodo webometrico traves de uma analise estruturada de links, que consiste na pesquisa por fontes de autoridade na internet, buscando identificar objetivamente as “melhores” hipermidias educacionais a partir do julgamento subjetivo dos autores de 44 paginas na web. O processo resultou num conjunto de 62 hipermidias representativas do estado da arte, que agruparam-se em quatro tipos principais: Aplicativos Educacionais, Hiper-Livros, Ambientes Virtuais de Aprendizagem e Jogos Educacionais. A pesquisa mostrou que determinados recursos hipermidiaticos sao utilizados com diferentes intensidades entre os grupos, dentre os quais, se propoem a distintos objetivos.
Research on Kalman Particle Filter-Based Tracking Algorithm

In the application of computer vision technique, target tracking in image sequences was an important research subject. This paper describes the particle filter and introduces a tracking algorithm based on Kalman particle filter. The algorithm improves the traditional particle filter, whose non-linear and non-Gaussian may result in non-robustness of tracking process. Kalman particle filter use kalman filter to predict the particle’s state and generate the proposal distribution, the state of each particle evolved by the Kalman prediction equations and update equations, increasing the robustness of tracking. Experimental results show that the proposed method in comparison with the traditional particle filtering can be more accurate on tracking and ensure the robustness of performance in a complex environment.
Dynamics of Reciprocal Collaborative Trust in Sensitive Information Repositories

One of the primary rationales offered by practitioners for rejection or significant adaptation of systems after fielding is lack of “trust. ” As others have noted, the “trust” concept covers a vast territory and it is challenging to translate the literature into targeted design guidance for building and maintaining trust. In this paper, we specifically examine dynamic relationships of reciprocity and its effect on trust. This will be examined by considering five sensitive information repositories. We posit several concepts and relationships that may provide some traction in analyzing, measuring, and predicting effective and ineffective design of sensitive information repositories. Advances in our understanding of what variables foster desirable “reciprocal” interactions (increasing trust) might be particularly helpful for systems that do not have time for long deliberations or have serious consequences for leaking highly sensitive information.
Modeling of an active clamp discontinuous conduction mode flyback converter under variation of operating conditions

With the trend of miniaturization in electronic products, the power supply is one of the major components that needs to be reduced in size. Reduction in the size of power supplies can be achieved by a topology change from linear transformer type to switching mode. To reduce the size further, the switching frequency has to be increased. However, there are a number of limitations and problems associated with the increase of switching frequency. The active-clamp discontinuous mode flyback converter (ADCMFC) introduced in this paper is one of the solutions to increase the switching frequency. Besides, the paper also introduces an optimization method to obtain the transfer function of the ADCMFC under different operating conditions.
Physical implications of prolonged sitting in a confined posture - a literature review

The main purpose of this review article was to highlight some of the physical consequences of sitting for prolonged periods in a confined setting. More specifically, the review relates this research to call centre work and where applicable comments on the limited literature relating specifically to ergonomics research within call centre settings. In particular the article explores the biomechanical stresses placed on the musculoskeletal system during prolonged sitting at a workstation, and the physiological consequences thereof. The paper then provides possible solutions to reduce the physical strain placed on these workers by looking at workstation design and work organisation emphasizing worker education and the promotion of worker well being.
Effec : t of Time Delay on Flying Qualities : An Update

Flying qualities problems of modern, fullauthority electronic flight control systems are most often related to the introduction of additional time delay in aircraft response to a pilot input. These delays can have a significant effect on the flying qualities of the aircraft. This paper reexamin,es time delay effects in light of recent flight test experience with aircraft incorporating new technology. Data from the X-29A forward-swept-wing demonstrator, a related preliminary in-flight experiment, and other fl'ight observations are presented. These data suggest that the present MIL-F-8785C allowable-control system time delay specifications are inadequate or, at least, incomplete. Allowable time delay appears to be a function of the shape of the aircraft response following the initial delay. The cockpit feel system is discussed as a dynamic element in the flight control system. Data presented indicate that the time delay associated with a significant low-frequency feel system does not result in the predicted degradation in aircraft flying qualities. The impact of the feel system is discussed from two viewpoints: as a filter in the control system which can alter the initial response shape and, therefore, the allowable time delay, and as a unique dynamic element whose delay contribution can potentially be discounted by special pilot loop closures.
Effect of overweight on foot, knee and back pain

The purpose of this study was to examine the role of the extrinsic foot muscles during conditions in which the rearfoot was perturbed in the frontal plane. The results revealed differences in the peak muscles forces between footwear conditions. Therefore, we rejected our hypothesis. It appears that, while the total work done by muscles in the different shoe conditions may be the same (O’Connor et al. 2006), the peak forces generated by individual muscles may be somewhat different in the perturbed conditions. References
Effect of Quenching Temperature and Medium on Properties of TiO2 Nanotube Arrays in DSSC

TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNAs) fabricated by anodization were quenched to obtain high-quality samples for the application of such electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). The morphology, crystallization structure and photoelectrochemical properties of the samples were studied. The results showed that the quenched nanotubes assembled together into bundles but every single one maintained tubelike shape. In transient photocurrent response of electrode, photocurrent increased with the increasing of bias potential and photoelectrochemical properties of quenched electrodes were better than the unquenched, displaying obvious characterization of slow current response. When applied in DSSC, the sample quenched at-100 °C in ethanol displayed the best performance with Jsc = 4.186 mA/cm2, Voc = 0.781 V, FF = 0.48, η = 1.569 %.
Real-Time Hardware-in-the-Loop Tests of Star Tracker Algorithms

This paper deals with star tracker algorithms validation based on star field scene simulation and hardware-in-the-loop test configuration. A laboratory facility for indoor tests, based on the simulation of star field scenes, is presented. Attainable performance is analyzed theoretically for both static and dynamic simulations. Also, a test campaign is presented, in which a star sensor prototype with real-time, fully autonomous capability is exploited. Results that assess star field scene simulation performance and show the achievable validation for the sensor algorithms and performance in different operating modes (autonomous attitude acquisition, attitude tracking, and angular rate-only) and different aspects (coverage, reliability, and measurement performance) are discussed.
Particle swarm optimisation in efficiency improvement of vector controlled surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor drive

Application of particle swarm optimisation (PSO) in efficiency optimisation of vector controlled surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive is presented in this study. Analytical expressions for the controllable electrical loss in PMSM are derived and optimised through control of direct axis (d-axis) stator current, according to the desired speed of operation and load torque. The optimal value of d-axis current has been obtained through analytical method as well as through PSO. The motor efficiency is maximised by using the optimal d-axis current to minimise the air gap flux, resulting in reduction of the core losses, especially at light load conditions. The robustness of the efficiency optimisation algorithms are demonstrated through parametric sensitivity analysis. Implementations of efficiency optimisation algorithms are carried out in Matlab and the performance of PMSM drive is described under steady state as well as transient operating conditions. The effect of efficiency optimisation algorithms in different region of operation of PMSM such as constant speed-variable load torque and constant torque–variable speed modes are described.
Performance of DCS-RZ single-sideband signal in 40 Gbit/s long-haul transmission systems

Optical sideband suppression (SS) by means of optical filtering is proposed for duobinary-carrier-suppressed return-to-zero (DCS-RZ) coding format. The performance of DCS-RZ with SS format generated using three different SS filters is investigated through numerical simulation. The power of the nonsuppressed sideband to the power of the suppressed sideband ratio (SSPR) is used to categorise the level of sideband suppression. A minimum level of SSPR of 20 dB is required to generate single-sideband (SSB) signals. It is shown that, for all three SS filters, an SSPR higher than 20 dB can be accomplished by choosing properly the SS filter bandwidth and detuning. Hence, the SS filter can generate single-sideband (SSB) signals. Transmission performance over different distances is assessed numerically. Results reveal that a double-sideband (DSB) modulation format shows better performance (Q-factor improvement of ∼3 dB, for optimum input power levels), even after 8 transmission spans of standard single-mode fibre, than the SSB formats. However, the optically generated SSB signals increase the DSB signal tolerance to dispersion compensation ratio variation more than three times, showing remarkable robustness to optical filter parameter variation, revealing that the DCS-RZ-SSB format is a good candidate for long-haul transmission systems.
Analysis of sound radiation from the coupling effect of vibrating noise and moving-vehicle noise on bridges

An acoustic finite element model of a bridge is developed to evaluate the noise generated by the traffic-induced vibration of the bridge. The dynamic response of a multi-girder bridge, modeled by a three-dimensional (3-D) frame element model, is analyzed with a 3-axle (8 degrees of freedom (DOF)) truck model and a 5-axle (13 DOF) tractor-trailer. The flat plate element is used to analyze the acoustic pressure due to the fluid–structure interactions between the vibrating surface and contiguous acoustic fluid medium. The radiation fields of noise with a specified distribution of vibrating velocity and pressure on the structural surface are also computed using the Kirchhoff–Helmholtz integral. Among the diverse parameters affecting the dynamic response of a bridge, vehicle velocity, vehicle weight, and spatial distribution of the road surface roughness are found to be the main factors that increase the level of vibration noise. In an attempt to illustrate the influence of the structural vibration noise of a .