Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genome‐wide RAD sequencing data suggest predominant role of vicariance in Sino‐Japanese disjunction of the monotypic genus Conandron (Gesneriaceae)

Disjunct distribution is a key issue in biogeography and ecology, but it is often difficult to determine the relative roles of dispersal vs. vicariance in disjunctions. We studied the phylogeographic pattern of the monotypic Conandron ramondioides (Gesneriaceae), which shows Sino‐Japanese disjunctions, with ddRAD sequencing based on a comprehensive sampling of 11 populations from mainland China, Taiwan Island, and Japan. We found a very high degree of genetic differentiation among these three regions, with very limited gene flow and a clear Isolation by Distance pattern. Mainland China and Japan clades diverged first from a widespread ancestral population in the middle Miocene, followed by a later divergence between mainland China and Taiwan Island clades in the early Pliocene. Three current groups have survived in various glacial refugia during the Last Glacial Maximum, and experienced contraction and/or bottlenecks since their divergence during Quaternary glacial cycles, with strong niche divergence between mainland China + Japan and Taiwan Island ranges. Thus, we verified a predominant role of vicariance in the current disjunction of the monotypic genus Conandron. The sharp phylogenetic separation, ecological niche divergence among these three groups, and the great number of private alleles in all populations sampled indicated a considerable time of independent evolution, and suggests the need for a taxonomic survey to detect potentially overlooked taxa.
The indirect effect of the Russian-Ukrainian war through international linkages: early evidence from the stock market

We study how firms’ international linkages to Russia and Ukraine have affected investors’ expectations following the outbreak of the Russian-Ukrainian war. We perform an event study around the Russian invasion into Ukraine on February 24, 2022. We find that having trade linkages to Russia in the top decile is associated with a decrease in the cumulative return by 2.16 percentage points and having an affiliate in Russia with a decrease by 3.12 percentage points. Having an affiliate in Ukraine has, however, no effect on firms’ stock market returns. The total impact of trade linkages on the aggregate stock market performance of third countries was on average 0.8 percentage points and of multinational linkages was on average 0.73 percentage points. The losses were largest in European countries.
Student characteristics associated with dominant approaches to studying: Comparing a 1 national and an international sample

6 Background: Productive approaches to studying (deep and strategic learning) are associated 7 with a variety of favorable academic outcomes, and may be of particular importance for 8 students in multifaceted and complex disciplines such as occupational therapy. Aim: To 9 explore associations between student characteristics and their dominant approaches to 10 studying in two samples of occupational therapy students: A national sample of Norwegian 11 first-year students, and an international sample of students in different year cohorts (Australia, 12 Hong Kong, Singapore and Norway). Materials and methods: 180 (national sample) and 13 665 (international sample) students were included in the study. Approaches to studying were 14 measured with the Approaches to Study Skills Inventory for Students (ASSIST). Data were 15 analyzed with adjusted multinomial regression analyses. Results: Age, gender and prior 16 higher education were not associated with dominant study approach. More time spent on 17 independent study (international sample: OR = 1.07/1.08, p <.01/<.001) and having current 18 study program as the top priority line of education at enrolment (national sample: OR = 2.89, 19 p <.05) predicted productive study approaches. Conclusions and significance: Factors such 20 as age, gender and prior higher education seem to be of limited importance for understanding 21 students’ dominant approaches to studying.
Hypermucoviscosity: an extremely sticky phenotype of Klebsiella pneumoniae associated with emerging destructive tissue abscess syndrome.

Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunis-tic pathogen found in the environment and on mammalian mucosal surfaces. K. pneumoniae has been characterized as a community-acquired pulmonary pathogen since it was discovered 1100 years ago. The classic clinical symptoms are represented by rapid onset, high fever, and he-moptysis (currant jelly–like sputum), in conjunction with the radiographic findings of bulging interlobar fissures and cav-itations [1]. The incidence of community-acquired K. pneumoniae has apparently decreased [2, 3], whereas the mortality rate for pneumonia due to Klebsiella species remains fairly high as a result of the underlying disease that tends to be present in affected patients [2]. In Western countries , most K. pneumoniae infections occur in the lungs and urinary tract. At the same time, however, K. pneumoniae has been found to be the leading cause of liver abscess in Taiwan [4]. K. pneumoniae–medi-ated liver abscess occurred almost exclusively in patients from Taiwan, followed by Singapore and Korea, in reports from 1990 to 1999 [2, 5]. A few cases of liver abscess due to K. pneumoniae have also recently been reported from Hong Kong, Thailand, and Japan [2]. During the 1990s and early 2000s, 1900 patients with liver abscess due to K. pneumoniae were reported from East and Southeast Asian countries, whereas only ∼50 reports of such cases were reported from countries outside of East and Southeast Asia in this same period [2, 6, 7]. It has also been shown that patients with diabetes mellitus in Taiwan are more susceptible to K. pneu-moniae infection than are those without diabetes mellitus [4]. Emerging in Taiwan are K. pneumoniae infections in addition to liver abscess that involve destructive clinical syndromes, such as metastatic meningitis and endophthalmitis, osteo-myelitis, and brain abscess [4, 8]. Despite the production of possible virulence factors , such as polysaccharide capsule, different adhesins, lipopolysaccharide, and iron-scavenging proteins [9], the patho-genicity of K. pneumoniae has not been completely elucidated. In this issue of Clinical Infectious Disease , Yu et al. [10], based in Taiwan, investigated the possible correlation between the incidence of bacteremia due to K. pneumoniae and the frequency of putative pathogenic genes, such as kfu, rmpA, and magA, and the hypermucoviscosity phenotype in clinical isolates of K. pneumon-iae from a total of 151 clinical cases at the 2 largest medical centers in southern Tai-The results demonstrated that nosocomial strains are significantly less prone to form abscesses than are community-acquired K. pneumoniae and that …
Agriculture in Taiwan and South Korea: the minimalist state?

SUMMARY The state has intervened heavily in the agricultural economies of Taiwan and South Korea, both by direct administrative means and by establishing price relativities very different from those set by market forces. Although state action has not always been effective or efficient, it has played a major role in making agriculture serve the objective of rapid industrial growth. The forms and consequences of state intervention have changed over time in response to the political and economic pressures arising from structural economic change. The state has been obliged to be interventionist in order to try to maintain the political order on which continual reinvestment and thus continued growth depend. RESUMENAgricultura en Taiwan y Corea del Sur: estado minimalista? El estado ha intervenido fuertemente en la economia agricola en ambos paises, tanto por medios directamente administrativos, como por el establecimento de precios relativos muy diferentes de aquellos derivados de la accion de las fuerzas del mercado. Aunque no siempre la accion estatal ha sido efectiva o eficiente, ha jugado un rol principal para que la agricultura sirva los objetivos de un rapido crecimiento industrial. Las formas y consecuencias de la intervencion estatal han cambiado a traves del tiempo, como respuesta a las presiones economicas derivadas del cambio en la estructura economica. El estado se ha visto obligado a ser intervencionista para tratar de mantener el orden politico del cual depende la continua reinversion y, en consecuencia, el crecimiento persistente. RESUMESL'agriculture a Taiwan et en Coree du Sud: l'etat minimaliste? L'etat a intervenu de facon tres importante dans les economies agricoles de Taiwan et de la Coree du Sud, par des moyens administratifs directs et en etablissant une relativite des prix tres differente de celle etablie par les forces de marche. Quoique l'action de l'etat n'ait pas toujours ete effective ou efficace, elle a joue un role de grande importance en se servant de l'agriculture pour aider une croissance industrielle rapide. Les formes et les consequences de l'intervention de l'etat ont change au cours des temps en fonction des pressions politiques et economiques provenant du changement de la structure economique. L'etat a ete oblige d'etre interventionniste de facon a essayer de maintenir l'ordre politique duquel dependent le reinvestissement continu et donc la croissance continue.
A Cross-Cultural Comparison Of Life Style Between Taiwanese and US Consumers

Based on responses to 89 selected Life Style Survey items, from a US sample of 3,090 respondents provided by 1999 DDB Life Style data, and a Taiwan sample of 1,341 respondents in an island-wide survey, this study explores the similarities and differences in activities, interests, and opinions (AIOs) between Taiwanese and US consumers by testing hypotheses derived from Hofstede’s five cultural dimensions. Results indicate that US and Taiwanese consumers show more similarities than differences when viewed from the overall factor structure, given six identical factors, five similar factors and one different factor between both groups. However, both groups show more differences than similarities at six scales levels formed by using six identical factors. Drawing from Hofstede’s framework, six hypotheses were tested; of six, four are statistically supported. Two are not confirmed. Accordingly, the 5-D cultural framework is, in general, still useful to understand, describe and predict cultural variations.
Time-varying Correlation Between Indian Equity Market and Selected Asian and US Stock Markets

The purpose of this article is to examine the dynamic relationship between the Indian stock market and the selected Asian and US stock markets during the post-crisis period. This article uses univariate GARCH (Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity) family models on daily observations from March 2009 to December 2015 to evaluate the volatility persistence and leverage effect on Asian developed (Japan, Singapore and Hong Kong) and emerging markets (India, China, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia and Taiwan) along with the US stock market. AR (Autoregressive) (1)-GARCH (1, 1)-ADCC (Asymmetric DCC) model is employed to find out the dynamic correlation between the Indian equity market and other selected stock markets. The results of the present study give evidence of the leverage effect in conditional volatility but not in conditional correlation, which implies that the rise in conditional volatility is more due to negative shocks than positive ones. On the other hand, dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) does not support any asymmetric effect for the time-varying correlation. The result of average conditional correlation shows the existence of higher diversification opportunities for Indian investors in Malaysian, Chinese and Japanese stock markets (having lower conditional correlation) than in Hong Kong, Indonesian and South Korean markets. The DCC fluctuates more in the cases of India with Singapore, Hong Kong and Indonesia over the sample period. It indicates that the stability of DCC is less reliable and the coefficient of correlation may not be used as a guide for portfolio decisions. But the cases of India with the USA, Japan and China show more stable conditional correlation coefficients. This article investigates the volatility persistence and time-varying relationship among Asian stock markets during the recent period, 2009–2015. The results of this article may be helpful in international portfolio planning and will contribute towards the literature on asymmetric time-varying relationships among Asian markets.
A multidisciplinary initiative of intervening mobile addiction via family-focused and gamification-enhanced design

: Excessive use of mobile and other electronic screen-based products among adolescents in Hong Kong and China is becoming much more notable these days. Overuse of mobile or Internet devices causes not only physical health problems but also behavioral additive symptoms like craving and withdrawal. Whereas family, as a potential psychosocial element for reducing the likelihood of addiction development among adolescents is substantially weakened owing to the deteriorating parent-adolescent relationships associated with growing excessive mobile use at home. Situations of potential over-dependence on this highly engaging medium have sparked great concerns of addictions services in Hong Kong. Based on the ‘family functioning’ concept and the ‘gamification’ theory, this paper reports on an ongoing collaboration between a Hong Kong-based social service center and a design institute, which explores an alternative ‘family-focused’ intervention strategy to enhance parent-adolescent interactivities whilst addressing excessive mobile use of adolescents through specifically designed games. In order to reveal both the ‘usual’ mode of mobile usage patterns and the ‘occasional’ mode of parent-adolescent interactivity of the targeted families, an interactive play-platform, and a specific lifestyle research method have been deployed. Initial results support the belief of integrating clinical and design practices for addiction assessment or even treatment. Moreover, feedback from project participants apparently reinforced the potential of “gamification-enhanced” design intervention for excessive mobile use in a family context. Through game and play, not only are parents-adolescent emotional connectivity stimulated, delightful memories of family activities before excessive mobile use are also relived and revealed. In return, further development of multidisciplinary approach of research and design interventions corresponding to addiction issues has been greatly encouraged.
Conservation hotspots of biodiversity and endemism for Indo‐Pacific coral reef fishes

1.Distribution patterns of 3919 species of Indo-Pacific reef fishes were analysed using GIS mapping software for the purpose of conservation prioritization of extraordinary high concentrations (‘hotspots’) of diversity and endemism. 2.Megadiversity countries with more than 1000 coral reef species include Indonesia, Australia, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Malaysia, Japan, Taiwan, Solomon Islands, Palau, Vanuatu, Fiji, New Caledonia, and the Federated States of Micronesia. 3.The richest area for reef fishes is the renowned Coral Triangle, which includes eastern Indonesia, Sabah (Malaysia), Philippines, Papua New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands. The highest concentration of species within this region extends from south-eastern Indonesia to the central Philippines. 4.Occupying only 3% of the surface area of the tropical Indo-west and central Pacific, the heart of the Coral Triangle contains 52% of its total species. 5.The top-ranked areas based on percentage of endemism are Easter Island, Baja California, Hawaiian Islands, Galapagos Islands, Red Sea, Clipperton Island, Marquesas, Isla del Coco, Mascarene Islands, and Oman. 6.The highest concentration of endemics per unit area occurs at remote south-eastern Polynesian and eastern Pacific islands including Clipperton, Isla del Coco, Easter, Rapa, and the Pitcairn Group. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Effect of Renewable Energy Consumption on Economic Stability: Panel Data Analysis on Selected Countries

This study aims to investigate the effect of renewable energy consumption on economic stability. In this regard, covering the period of 1990-2016, data of 35 countries, 19 of which are developed and 16 of which are developing, were used. The cointegration analysis results reveal that, there is a long-term relationship between the two variables in developed and developing countries. According to panel coefficient estimators, the effect of renewable energy consumption on economic stability is positive and statistically meaningful in Germany, Denmark, Italy, Switzerland, and Sweden, which are developed countries, and also in Egypt, Turkey, Taiwan, Pakistan, and Indonesia, which are developing countries. However, the effect is negative and significant in contrast to expectations in England and Belgium, which are developed countries, and in India and the Philippines, which are developing countries.
Seasonality of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Asia: Insights from Google Trends

Ab s t r Ac t Background and objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common type of sleep-disordered breathing encountered in clinical practice and has considerable medical and psychosocial consequences. Snoring is the most common sign of OSA, yet it is most often ignored. Seasonal changes may lead to changes in body weight, pharyngeal flow, and frequency of allergies, which in turn leads to changes in the severity of OSA. The seasonal pattern of worsening of OSA can be demonstrated by the analysis of information-seeking behavior on the internet from a specific region. Google, the most popular search engine, indexes the queries with every search performed and makes this information available to the public through Google trends. Materials and methods: In the current study, we used Google trends data to investigate the seasonal variation in sleep-disordered breathing in eight countries in the Asia-Pacific region (India, Hong Kong, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Taiwan, Japan, and South Korea) from 2015 to 2020. The seasonality of queries for the term “snoring” was analyzed using the cosinor model. Results: Peaks and troughs in trends of search volume index (SVI) or normalized search volume during the specific period for the term “snoring” were evident. There were significant differences in mean SVI values across the seasons. Cosinor models confirmed the seasonality for “snoring” in all countries in the study. The peak season for queries corresponded to the cold climate in the respective countries, with maximum amplitude seen in India. Conclusion: Obstructive sleep apnea exhibits seasonality with increased severity in winter. The results of this study can guide targeted implementation of sleep awareness program in winters to increase the awareness and the management of OSA across the Asian countries.
Boredom Proneness in Young Adults: Gender and Cultural Comparisons.

Despite the widespread prevalence of boredom in many societies and of boredom-related problems in education, industry, and mental health, little research has been done on this emotion and, to our knowledge, no empirical cross-cultural research. Using our recently developed Boredoin Proneness (BP) Scale. we carried out studies in Australia, Hong Kong, Lebanon and the United States with college students. A principal component analysis of the four samples revealed similar factor loadings and alpha coefficients. An ANOVA among groups manifested a significant main effect of culture -an effect much larger than that for gender, which was also significant. The Australian qD and American samples were similar in their BP levels. The Lebanese students, 01 followed by the Hong Kong students reported the highest amount of boredom cz) u, proneness. Within all groups males cored higher than females and significantly so with Americans and Australians. We idetified 15 items that were "factorially transcultural" across samples. The results suggest that although boredom may exhibit many shared elements, culturally specific attitudes also exist. We speclqate about the rrasons for cultural and gender U S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office ca Educational Reseuch and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) his document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it MinOr changes have been made to improve reproduction quality Points of view or opinions stated on this docu ment do not necessarily represent otficiul OERI position or policy 2 "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY
Why do you wear a face mask? Taiwanese public epidemic awareness of COVID-19 from social media behavior

BackgroundFacing the COVID-19 epidemic, Taiwan has demonstrated resilience at the initial stage of epidemic prevention and effectively slowed down its spread. This study aims to capture public epidemic awareness toward the COVID-19 through collecting social media- and Internet-based data and elaborate on how the public epidemic awareness rose and played a role in the epidemic prevention in Taiwan during the initial course of COVID-19 spread.MethodsUsing the Google search query volume of COVID-19 and face mask as indicators of public epidemic awareness, we collected the volume of news reports and the mentions on social media about COVID-19 and face masks between December 31, 2019, and February 29, 2020, through big data analysis and sorted the daily total confirmed cases of COVID-19 worldwide and in Taiwan as well as critical mask-related measures implemented by the Taiwanese government to plot the trends in this information and conduct correlation analysis. Additionally, the content analysis was adopted to analyze the transmission of different types of fear information of COVID-19 between December 31, 2019, and March 29, 2020, and their effects on the public.ResultsThe Google search query volume of COVID-19 and face mask was significantly correlated with the number of confirmed cases in Taiwan, the number of news reports on COVID-19 (correlation coefficient: .74–.90). Since the first confirmed cases of COVID-19, public epidemic awareness has increased rapidly, prompting the government to formulate relevant emergency measures. Additionally, the findings from content analysis suggested that the fear of the loss of control best explains why panic behavior occurs in public.ConclusionsConfronting the highly infectious COVID-19, public epidemic awareness is vital. While fear is an inevitable product when an emerging infectious disease occurs, the government can convert resistance into assistance by understanding why fear arises and which fear factors cause excessive panic in public. Moreover, online social media promptly reflect public epidemic awareness, which can be used as a reference for epidemic prevention; this urges the government to deal with the crisis in the form of public opinion.