Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Craig Johnson and Tim Forsyth In the eyes of the state : negotiating a “ rights-based approach ” to forest conservation in Thailand

Recent debates about governance, poverty and environmental sustainability have emphasized a ‘rights-based’ approach to development, in which individual rights and freedoms are strongly associated with fair and equitable development. Such approaches are defended both in terms of the ‘intrinsic’ benefits of basic human rights and the ‘instrumental’ benefits these may provide. However, the process of implementing a rights-based approach entails a number of political costs. Principal among these are the costs of ensuring that social rights are effectively enforced and the related cost of encouraging the state to intervene on behalf of poor and vulnerable groups in society. Reflecting upon these themes, this paper explores the case of Thailand’s ‘Community Forestry Bill’, legislation that was introduced to support rights of access and environmental conservation for communities living in forest reserve areas. Examining watershed forests in the north and mangrove conservation in the south, it argues that efforts to support rural livelihoods through the establishment of community rights have been undermined by powerful private actors and by a state that has generally ruled in favour of commercial interests. The article then documents the creative ways in which civil society organizations have been able to negotiate and secure informal rights of access in rural areas. Such findings, it concludes, illustrate the need to situate rights-based approaches within the wider public spheres in which rules, rights, and ‘community’ are established, and defended.
Contributions of central and systemic inflammation to the pathophysiology of Parkinson ’ s disease

Rights Copyright © 2012, Elsevier. NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Neuropharmacology. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Neuropharmacology, [62, June 2012] http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.neuropharm. 2012.01. 028
Classification of Single Normal and Alzheimer ' s Disease Individuals from Cortical Sources of Resting State EEG Rhythms BABILONI

Previous studies have shown abnormal power and functional connectivity of resting state electroencephalographic (EEG) rhythms in groups of Alzheimer's disease (AD) compared to healthy elderly (Nold) subjects. Here we tested the best classification rate of 120 AD patients and 100 matched Nold subjects using EEG markers based on cortical sources of power and functional connectivity of these rhythms. EEG data were recorded during resting state eyes-closed condition. Exact low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (eLORETA) estimated the power and functional connectivity of cortical sources in frontal, central, parietal, occipital, temporal, and limbic regions. Delta (2-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha 1 (8-10.5 Hz), alpha 2 (10.5-13 Hz), beta 1 (13-20 Hz), beta 2 (20-30 Hz), and gamma (30-40 Hz) were the frequency bands of interest. The classification rates of interest were those with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) higher than 0.7 as a threshold for a moderate classification rate (i.e., 70%). Results showed that the following EEG markers overcame this threshold: (i) central, parietal, [. ] BABILONI, Claudio, et al. Classification of Single Normal and Alzheimer's Disease Individuals from Cortical Sources of Resting State EEG Rhythms. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2016, vol.
Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins as a causal factor for cardiovascular disease

: Approximately 25% of US adults are estimated to have hypertriglyceridemia ( triglyceride [TG] level $ 150 mg/dL [ $ 1.7 mmol/L]). Elevated TG levels are associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, and severe hypertriglyceridemia (TG levels $ 500 mg/dL [ $ 5.6 mmol/L]) is a well-established risk factor for acute pancreatitis. Plasma TG levels correspond to the sum of the TG content in TG-rich lipoproteins (TRLs; ie, very low-density lipoproteins plus chylomicrons) and their remnants. There remains some uncertainty regarding the direct causal role of TRLs in the progression of atherosclerosis and CVD, with cardiovascular outcome studies of TG-lowering agents, to date, having produced inconsistent results. Although low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) remains the primary treatment target to reduce CVD risk, a number of large-scale epidemiological studies have shown that elevated TG levels are independently associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular events, even in patients treated effectively with statins. Genetic studies have further clarified the causal association between TRLs and CVD. Variants in several key genes involved in TRL metabolism are strongly associated with CVD risk, with the strength of a variant’s effect on TG levels cor-relating with the magnitude of the variant’s effect on CVD. TRLs are thought to contribute to the progression of atherosclerosis and CVD via a number of direct and indirect mechanisms. They directly contribute to intimal cholesterol deposition and are also involved in the activation and enhancement of several proinflammatory, proapoptotic, and procoagulant pathways. Evidence suggests that non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, the sum of the total cholesterol carried by atherogenic lipoproteins (including LDL, TRL, and TRL remnants), provides a better indication of CVD risk than LDL-C, particularly in patients with hypertriglyceridemia. This article aims to provide an overview of the available epidemiological, clinical, and genetic evidence relating to the atherogenicity of TRLs and their role in the progression of CVD.
Atrial fibrillation is associated with the fibrotic remodelling of adipose tissue in the subepicardium of human and sheep atria

Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Sorbonne Université Paris 06, UMR_S1166 team Cardiac Electrophysiology, Paris, France; INSERM UMR_S1166 team Cardiac Electrophysiology, Paris, France; Department of Cardiology, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital and Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France; Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, INSERM UMR_S1148, Hôpital Xavier Bichat, Paris, France; Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; and Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France
BEYOND KILLING : CAN WE FIND NEW WAYS TO MANAGE INFECTION ?

The antibiotic pipeline is running dry and infectious disease remains a major threat to public health. An efficient strategy to stay ahead of rapidly adapting pathogens should include approaches that replace, complement, or enhance the effect of both current and novel antimicrobial compounds. In recent years, a number of innovative approaches managing disease without the aid of traditional antibiotics and without eliminating the pathogens directly have emerged. These include disabling pathogen virulence-factors, increasing host tissue damage control, or altering the microbiota to provide colonisation resistance, immune resistance or disease tolerance against pathogens. We discuss the therapeutic potential of these approaches and examine their possible consequences for pathogen evolution. To guarantee a longer half-life of these alternatives to directly killing pathogens, and to gain a full understanding of their population-level consequences, we encourage future work to incorporate evolutionary perspectives into the development of these treatments. by gest on M arch 8, 2016 ht://em ph.oxfournals. org/ D ow nladed from
Protocol for a single-centre randomised controlled trial of multimodal periarticular anaesthetic infiltration versus single-agent femoral nerve blockade as analgesia for total knee arthroplasty: Perioperative Analgesia for Knee Arthroplasty (PAKA)

Original citation: Wall, Peter D. H. , Sprowson, Andrew P., Parsons, Nicholas R. , Parsons, Helen, Achten, Juul, Balasubramanian, S. and Costa, Matthew L. (2015) Protocol for a single-centre randomised controlled trial of multimodal periarticular anaesthetic infiltration versus single-agent femoral nerve blockade as analgesia for total knee arthroplasty: Perioperative Analgesia for Knee Arthroplasty (PAKA). BMJ Open, 5 (12). e009898.
Can we use EOG to identify when your attention switches away from the world to focus on your memories?

Observe what’s going on in your mind while answering the following question: "How did you celebrate your last birthday? ". Answering this question required the creation of a temporary internal mental space where your attention was focused (Tulving, 2002). Thus, there was an attentional switch from the external world to the internal world — a change in mental state commonly known as mind-wandering— a general term popularly used to designate daydreaming and zoning-out (Smallwood & Schooler, 2006). Indeed, since attention is a limited resource, when it is focused on the internal world, the external world vanishes (Fernandes & Moscovitch, 2000), a phenomenon known as perceptual decoupling. Though useful for managing attentional resources, this decoupling has a concerning aspect — of impairing performance and safety in operational tasks (such as driving a car or piloting a plane) where attention must be directed to the external world (Gouraud et al., 2018; Smallwood et al., 2011). Reports show that aviation accidents related to attentional lapses occur (NTSB, 2014), but the origin of these lapses remains unknown. Given perceptual decoupling, mind-wandering could be a potential cause but objective behavioral markers to monitor attention remain elusive.
Selection of Reference Genes for Gene Expression Studies in Siberian Apricot (Prunus sibirica L.) Germplasm Using Quantitative Real-Time PCR

Quantitative real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction has been applied in a vast range of studies of gene expression analysis. However, real-time PCR data must be normalized with one or more reference genes. In this study, eleven putative consistently expressed genes (ACT, TUA, TUB, CYP, DNAj, ELFA, F-box27, RPL12, GAPDH, UBC and UBQ) in nine Siberian Apricot Germplasms (including much variability) were evaluated for their potential as references for the normalization of gene expression by NormFinder and geNorm programs. From our studies, ACT, UBC, CYP, UBQ and RPL12 as suitable for normalization were identified by geNorm, while UBC and CYP as the best pair by NormFinder. Moreover, UBC was selected as the most stably expressed gene by both algorithms in different Siberian Apricot seed samples. We also detected that a set of three genes (ACT, CYP and UBC) by geNorm as control for normalization could lead to accurate results. Furthermore, the expression levels of oleosin gene were analyzed to validate the suitability of the selected reference genes. These obtained experimental results could make an important contribution to normalize real-time PCR data for gene expression analysis in Siberian Apricot Germplasm.
association of endothelial function with thin-cap fibroatheroma as assessed by optical coherence tomography in patients with acute coronary syndromes

Background: Thinning of the fibrous cap of atherosclerotic plaque is a major component of plaque vulnerability. The high resolution of optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides an accurate measurement of fibrous-cap thickness. Endothelial dysfunction is associated with inflammation and enhanced local expression of matrix metalloproteinases. We investigated the association between endothelial dysfunction and OCT-derived thin-cap fibroatheroma (TCFA) in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Methods: Seventy-four patients with ACS, who underwent both OCT examinations of the culprit lesion before percutaneous coronary intervention and peripheral endothelial function assessment as assessed by logarithmic value of reactive hyperemia index (Ln_RHI), were enrolled. Age-, sex-, hypertension-, and diabetes-matched non-coronary artery disease (non-CAD) patients were also enrolled (n = 15). Results: Ln_RHI levels were significantly lower in ACS patients compared with non-CAD patients (0.56 ± 0.26 vs 0.74 ± 0.22, P = 0.01). Furthermore, the Ln_RHIs of ACS patients with TCFA (n = 44) were significantly lower than those of ACS patients without TCFA (n = 30) (0.50 ± 0.24 vs 0.65 ± 0.26, P = 0.01). There was a weak but significant positive correlation between Ln_RHI and fibrous-cap thickness (Spearman’s ρ = 0.25, P = 0.03). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified lower Ln_RHI as an independent factor associated with TCFA in ACS patients (OR per 0.1 increase in Ln_RHI: 0.78 [95% CI: 0.62–0.98], P = 0.03). Conclusion: Advanced endothelial dysfunction significantly correlates with a thin fibrous cap of coronary plaques in patients with ACS. receptor blockers; coronary artery disease; C-reactive protein; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; high-density lipoprotein; HMG-CoA RIs, hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; NSTEMI, non-ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction; STEMI, ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction; TCFA, thin-cap
Diagnosis and management of miliary tuberculosis: current state and future perspectives

: Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the most important causes of death from an infectious disease, and it poses formidable challenges to global health at the public health, scientific, and political level. Miliary TB is a potentially fatal form of TB that results from massive lymphohematogenous dissemination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli. The epidemiology of miliary TB has been altered by the emergence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and widespread use of immunosuppressive drugs. Diagnosis of miliary TB is a challenge that can perplex even the most experienced clinicians. There are nonspecific clinical symptoms, and the chest radiographs do not always reveal classical miliary changes. Atypical presentations like cryptic miliary TB and acute respiratory distress syndrome often lead to delayed diagnosis. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is relatively more sensitive and shows randomly distributed miliary nodules. In extrapulmonary locations, ultrasonography, CT, and magnetic resonance imaging are useful in discerning the extent of organ involvement by lesions of miliary TB. Recently, positron-emission tomographic CT has been investigated as a promising tool for evaluation of suspected TB. Fundus examination for choroid tubercles, histopathological examination of tissue biopsy specimens, and rapid culture methods for isolation of M. tuberculosis in sputum, body fluids, and other body tissues aid in confirming the diagnosis. Several novel diagnostic tests have recently become available for detecting active TB disease, screening for latent M. tuberculosis infection, and identifying drug-resistant strains of M . tuberculosis . However, progress toward a robust point-of-care test has been limited, and novel biomarker discovery remains challenging. A high index of clinical suspicion and early diagnosis and timely institution of antituberculosis treatment can be lifesaving. Response to first-line antituberculosis drugs is good, but drug-induced hepatotoxicity and drug–drug interactions in HIV/TB coinfected patients create significant problems during treatment. Data available from randomized controlled trials are insufficient to define the optimum regimen and duration of treatment in patients with drug-sensitive as well as drug-resistant miliary TB, including those with HIV/AIDS, and the role of adjunctive corticosteroid treatment has not been properly studied. Research is going on worldwide in an attempt to provide a more effective vaccine than bacille Calmette–Guérin. This review highlights the epidemiology and clinical manifestation of miliary TB, challenges, recent advances, needs, and opportunities related to TB diagnostics and treatment.
ESG Practices and Financial Performance-Empirical Evidences from Indian Companies

: Traditionally, financial performance of a business across the globe has been considered as the main criteria to make prudent investment decisions. But, in last 20 years, apart from financial indicators, some non-financial factors have also found their place in the thought process of investors, and fund managers. Certainly the indication is towards environmental, social, and governance (ESG) dimensions. Long term sustainable goals of wealth maximization, involving ESG parameters are being focused. It has been recognized that the ESG factors are a source of risk to business, and have the ability to twist the financial returns. A large number of research studies have been conducted to explore affiliation between ESG practices and financial performance (FP) of companies. But, most research studies have been carried out in foreign countries; and diverse and conflicting findings have been reported regarding the relationship between these two aspects. This paper is focused to explore the collective as well as individual impact of ESG practices on FP of companies. ESG score calculated by CRISIL (Credit Rating and Information services India Limited) has been used as proxy to ESG practices. Tobin Q - market based indicator, and return on capital employed, and return on Assets – acco2unting indicators have been used to represent FP of 200 selected Indian companies across sectors. The other selected control variables are financial leverage, size of company, and nature of industry in which a company operates. The PROWESS data base has been used to extract financial data for the year 2020-21. In this research paper, two models of multiple regression have be2en used to trap the behavior of variables. The first model captures the impact of the consolidated ESG score as the key explanatory variable on FP, while the second model employs environmental (E), social (S), and governance (G) scores, individually as the basic explanatory variables, to gauge the effect of each these pillars on FP. The findings have revealed that there is a significant relationship between ESG practices and financial performance of companies. Among ESG factors, governance practices are found to be most prominent one. It throws light on the issue that good ESG practices add value to the entity by enhancing financial returns, and its goodwill among stakeholders. The outcome of analysis is material enough to not only investors, managers, and other stakeholders of the entity who are chasing the heights of bottom-line; but also to the regulator to decide upon the mandatory framework to improve adherence to these practices.
Osmotic stress and mortality in elderly patients with kidney failure: a retrospective study

Purpose: Water balance disorders are associated with a high risk of death in elderly patients. The role of osmotic stress intensity and its direction toward hypo- or hypernatremia is a matter of controversy regarding patients’ survival. The aims of this study were, first, to measure the frequency of cellular hydration disorders in patients over 75 years old hospitalized in nephrology department for reversible acute renal failure, and second, to compare the impact of hyperhydra-tion and hypohydration on the risk of death at 6 months. Patients and methods: We retrospectively studied the data of 279 patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), aged 75 years or older, with pre-renal azotemia who experienced dysnatremia. We classified them according to natremia levels and compared their outcome in univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: The patients were on average 83.2 ± 5.4 years old. Among them, 128 were normonatremic, 82 were hyponatremic and 69 were hypernatremic. Osmotic stress intensity appreciated by the variation rate of natremia did not differ significantly between hyper- and hyponatremic patients. Patients had CKD stage 3B and 4 with acute kidney injury (AKI) of different severities. We observed that only hypernatremia was linked to death in the first 6 months following hospital discharge. Conclusion: Hypernatremia is a strong predictor of fatal outcome in elderly patients suffering from chronic kidney impairment and referred for pre-renal azotemia.
Ecologisch profiel van het Nonnetje (Macoma balthica)

(See below for English summary) Het Nonnetje (Macoma balthica) is een voor de ondiepe kustwateren van Nederland karakteristiel tweekleppig schelpdier dat ondiep ingegraven in de bodem leeft. Vooral op de bij laag water droog vallende platen in het Waddenzeegebied en in Ooster- en Westerschelde is het een belangrijke soort. Het Nonnetje is in het project Watersysteemverkenningen (WSV) gekozen als doelvariabele om de milieukwaliteit van de Nederlandse zoute wateren te toetsen. In het Ecoprofiel komt naar voren dat dichtheid en biomassa van het Nonnetje beinvloedbaar zijn door de mate van eutrofiering van onze kustwateren. Zo wordt de in de laatste decennia toegenomen dichtheid en biomassa in de westelijke Waddenzee in verband gebracht met eutrofiering door afvoer van voedingsstoffen (o.a. vanuit het IJsselmeer). In het oostelijk deel van de Westerschelde heeft verontreiniging een nadelige invloed gehad op de ontwikkeling van populaties van het Nonnetje. Oudere dieren ontbreken hier nagenoeg. Storten van baggerspecie heeft pas dan negatief effect op lokaal aanwezige Nonnetjes als meer dan 10 cm slib wordt afgezet. Ze raken dan definitief begraven en overleven niet. -English- The Baltic Tellin (Macoma balthica) is a characteristic and common bivalve mollusc in Dutch coastal waters. It lives shallowly buried in the sediment, and is especially abundant at intertidal flats in Wadden Sea, Oosterschelde and Westerschelde. In the 'Aquatic Outlook' project the species was chosen as a sentinel organism for measuring environmental quality of coastal waters. The data compiled in this document suggest that abundance and biomass of Macoma balthica may be dependent of the degree of eutrophication of our coastal waters. In fact, the increase in abundance and biomass during the last t w o decades observed in the western Dutch Wadden Sea has been related to the discharge of nutrients f r om lake IJsselmeer. In the eastern part of the Westerschelde pollution had a negative effect on the development of populations of Macoma balthica. Older specimens are hardly present here. Dumping of dredged material will affect local populations of Macoma balthica only if more than ca. 10 cm of fine sediment is deposited. The animals then get buried and do not survive.
Birth Injury: A Retrospective Study Of 146 Cases In Three Teaching Hospitals In Nigeria

Background: Because such a study has not been done in Nigeria before, we undertook to study birth injury (BI) retrospectively in three tertiary hospitals. Materials And Methods: We analyzed the records of patients with BI between January 1 1999 and December 31 2003. Result: 146 patients had BI. Male to female ratio was 1:1, the mean age at presentation was 74.3 ± 380 days and the range was 2 hours to 8.7 days. The most common presentation was brachial plexus palsy (43.8%), followed by head/facial injury (31.5%) the most common of which was cephalo-haematoma and fractures (23.3%). Patients with brachial plexus injury tended to present late with 87.5% of them presenting after 1 month. About 32.9% of the patients had unsatisfactory outcomes and the mortality rate was 16.4% mostly from intracranial injuries. Conclusions: BI are uncommon but they have high mortality and morbidity rates.