Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
strlcpy and strlcat - Consistent, Safe, String Copy and Concatenation

As the prevalence of buffer overflow attacks has increased, more and more programmers are using size or length-bounded string functions such as strncp y() and strncat(). While this is certainly an encouraging trend, the standard C string functions generally used were not really designed for the task. This paper describes an alternate, intuitive, and consistent API designed with safe string copies in mind. There are se veral problems encountered when strncpy() and strncat() are used as safe versions of strcp y() and str cat(). Bothfunctions deal with NUL-termination and the length parameter in dif ferent and non-intuiti ve ways that confuse e ven experienced programmers. They also provide no easy way to detect when truncation occurs. Finally, strncpy() zero-fills the remainder of the destination string, incurring a performance penalty . Of all these issues, the confusion caused by the length parameters and the related issue of NUL-termination are most important. When we audited the OpenBSD source tree for potential security holes we found rampant misuse of strncpy() and strncat(). While not all of these resulted in exploitable security holes, the y made it clear that the rules for using strncpy() and strncat() in safe string operations are widely misunderstood. The proposed replacement functions, strlcp y() and strlcat(), address these problems by presenting an API designed for safe string copies (see Figure 1 for function prototypes). Bothfunctions guarantee NUL-termination, tak e as a l ength parameter the size of the string in bytes, and provide an easy way to detect truncation. Neither function zero-fills unused bytes in the destination.
Restoring a river of life: The Willamette restoration strategy

Recommendations for the Willamette Basin Supplement to the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds. HUC: 170900. Bounding coordinates: West Bounding Coordinate: -123.769586; East Bounding Coordinate: -121.631074; North Bounding Coordinate: 45.941295; South Bounding Coordinate: 43.350360.
Fall 11-21-2016 An Exploration of Style Transfer Using Deep Neural Networks

Convolutional Neural Networks and Graphics Processing Units have been at the core of a paradigm shift in computer vision research that some researchers have called “the algorithmic perception revolution. ” This thesis presents the implementation and analysis of several techniques for performing artistic style transfer using a Convolutional Neural Network architecture trained for large-scale image recognition tasks. We present an implementation of an existing algorithm for artistic style transfer in images and video. The neural algorithm separates and recombines the style and content of arbitrary images. Additionally, we present an extension of the algorithm to perform weighted artistic style transfer.
Sobrepeso e obesidade em crianças e adolescentes: comparação de três critérios de classificação baseados no índice de massa corporal

OBJETIVO: Descrever e comparar o estado nutricional de criancas e adolescentes utilizando tres criterios baseados no indice de massa corporal (IMC); analisar a concordância entre os criterios quanto a frequencia de excesso de peso; investigar se os fatores associados ao excesso de peso diferem conforme o criterio utilizado. METODOS: Foram investigados: criterio da International Obesity Task Force (IOTF), de 2000; de Conde e Monteiro, de 2006; e da Organizacao Mundial da Saude (OMS), de 2007. Peso, estatura e aptidao fisica foram medidos em 525 escolares de escolas urbanas e rurais, com idade entre 7 e 15 anos (media = 11,0 ± 2,1). Utilizou-se o teste pareado de McNemar, a estatistica kappa e a regressao de Poisson para avaliar, respectivamente, cada um dos objetivos. RESULTADOS: A prevalencia geral de excesso de peso (sobrepeso + obesidade) foi de 28,4% para o criterio da IOTF, 35,1% para o da OMS e 35,8% para o de Conde e Monteiro. Nao houve diferenca entre os criterios quanto a prevalencia de excesso de peso em mocas e rapazes. No entanto, para cada sexo, os criterios geraram resultados diferentes conforme o grupo etario, especialmente na faixa de 7 a 9 anos. Mesmo assim, a concordância (kappa) entre os criterios foi satisfatoria: de 0,71 a 0,98, conforme o sexo e a faixa etaria. Os fatores associados ao excesso de peso e as magnitudes das medidas de associacao foram similares para os tres criterios. CONCLUSOES: O criterio da IOTF produziu uma prevalencia de excesso de peso 20% menor que os criterios da OMS e de Conde e Monteiro. Apesar das diferencas conforme sexo e idade, a concordância entre os criterios foi relativamente alta e os fatores associados ao excesso de peso foram os mesmos. Estudos com metodologia semelhante sao necessarios para determinar se os resultados encontrados se confirmam em outras populacoes de criancas e adolescentes.
AGOA Rules: The Intended and Unintended Consequences of Special Fabric Provisions

While exports of clothing from Africa to the United States responded impressively to the preferences they were granted under the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA), this performance was not accompanied by some of the more dynamic benefi ts that might have been hoped for. Benefi ciary countries still do not have viable internationally competitive industries that could survive without the preferences, or that have diversifi ed horizontally into new products and markets or vertically into greater domestic value addition. In this paper we demonstrate that this outcome is a predictable consequence of incentives under the Multi-Fiber Arrangement (MFA) quotas and the AGOA trade preferences. Th e paper fi rst extends standard trade models and predicts that, in equilibrium, the MFA encouraged exports of low quality and low value added products by AGOA countries and higher quality and higher value added products by quotaconstrained countries. AGOA preferences further encourage specialization in clothing products with high fabric cost shares in the least developed countries receiving the preference. Th e paper then tests these theoretical predictions using diff erence-in-diff erences estimations by looking at changes in the value-added and fabric intensity of AGOA apparel exports in response to the ending of the MFA in January 2005 and the granting of AGOA preferences from 2001. Th e results show that MFA quotas and AGOA preferences caused least developed AGOA recipients to specialize in fabricintensive products with low value added as well as rising fabric content.
Guidelines for International Breast Health and Cancer Control – Implementation Supplement to Cancer Strategic Health Communication Across the Continuum of Breast Cancer Care in Limited-Resource Countries

2 Prashanti Cancer Care Mission, Pune, India. Strategic health communication is a critical component of healthcare that should be implemented across the continuum of care. Recognizing the importance of communication strategies and incorporating such strategies into healthcare policies, programs, and interventions is essential to the effective delivery of breast cancer care. The authors reviewed relevant literature and suggested practical evidence-based strategies for effective communication interventions across the continuum of care for breast cancer patients, including early detection, diagnosis, treatment, survivorship, palliative care, and end-of-life care. Examples were provided from limited-resource nations to support health communication recommendations. Cancer 2008;113(8 suppl):2331–37. 2008 American Cancer Society.
Iterative Methods for Image Reconstruction

0.0 c © J. Fessler, March 15, 2006 p0intro These annotated slides were prepared by Jeff Fessler for attendees of the ISBI tutorial on statistical image reconstruction methods. The purpose of the annotation is to provide supplemental details, and particularly to provide extensive literature references for further study. For a fascinating history of tomography, see [1]. For broad coverage of image science, see [2]. For further references on image reconstruction, see review papers and chapters, e.g., [3–9].
An iterative decoupled method with weighted nuclear norm minimization for image restoration

ABSTRACT Recently, iterative methods based on decoupling of deblurring and denoising steps have received remarkable attention in image processing problems. In this paper, we propose an effective iterative decoupled approach for image restoration. The main idea is to split the image restoration problem into two minimization subproblems: deblurring and denoising. An efficient deblurring method using fast transforms is used in the deblurring step and a weighted nuclear norm minimization method is employed in the denoising step. We analyze the convergence of the developed iterative method under some assumptions. Some numerical experiments are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Exposición a compuestos orgánicos volátiles, tipo benceno, tolueno y xileno, en trabajadores de estaciones de expendio de combustible.

Objetivo: Evaluar la exposicion ocupacional a compuestos organicos volatiles, tipo BTX (Benceno, Tolueno, Xileno) en trabajadores de estaciones de expendio de combustible, en comparacion a los limites permisibles segun la normativa chilena, en la Region Metropolitana. Materiales y metodos: Estudio descriptivo, basado en las mediciones de 6 estaciones de expendio de combustible de la Region Metropolitana. Mediante el criterio de grupos de exposicion similar se seleccionaron los puestos de trabajo, para luego a partir de los metodos oficiales establecidos por el Instituto de Salud Publica de Chile tomar muestras de aire de larga (9 muestras) y corta duracion (9 muestras) Los resultados de las muestras tomadas fueron analizados utilizando los criterios de Hornung and Reed (1990) para muestras por debajo de limite de cuantificacion. Resultados: Todas las muestras analizadas de BTX se encontraron bajo el limite de cuantificacion (<10 mg/m 3 para benceno y <1 mg/m 3 para tolueno y xileno). La media Geometrica de la concentracion promedio ponderada fue de 0,5 mg/m 3 para benceno y 5 mg/m 3 para el xileno y tolueno. Discusion: Si bien las concentraciones se encontraban por debajo de los limites permisibles regulados en Chile en el DS N°594/99, es necesario tener en cuenta que en sustancias cancerigenas no existe un nivel de exposicion ocupacional o dosis segura. Se presume que las bajas concentraciones ambientales pueden deberse a las diversas medidas preventivas adoptadas a nivel nacional e internacional, tales como reduccion en la cantidad de benceno en la gasolina e instalacion de sistemas de recuperacion de vapores. Futuros estudios podrian analizar la relacion entre las concentraciones de BTX y resultados especificos de salud, en esta poblacion de especial riesgo, considerando adicionalmente otros factores de riesgo y vias de ingreso.
Re-moving Flat Ontologies: Mobile Locative Tagging and Ars Combinatoria in the Hollins Community Project

Author(s): Boyle, Jen E. | Abstract: This paper reconsiders the relationship between historical time, embodied time, and locative media. The example for this paper is the second phase of The Hollins Community Project , a locative new media installation that takes place on a trail used by former slaves of Hollins University, Virginia (USA) during the nineteenth century. The project mixes historical material with in situ virtual narratives and embodied interactions within the space to experiment with the affective and distributed aspects of narrative. An earlier phase of this project imagined the exchanges between the physical and virtual interface as a version of a memory theatre. A tagging function has since been included in the interface to explore further the temporal intensities that form up around affect and incipient narrative. Ars combinatoria , an early modern model of “tagging” (parataxic assemblage, process, and affective presence) offers a productive comparison with contemporary spatial ontologies of tagging. The paper argues for a broadened discussion of the significance of temporal affect in locative media. This work also addresses the potential in mixing historical and contemporary approaches to locative new media.
Sustainable Development and Regional Growth

An increasing amount of research is now being conducted on topics at the interface of regional science and the environment. This research is both theoretical and empirical and the broad objective of this research is to analyze the numerous environmental implications of problems in regional science. Given the burgeoning interest in research in the above mentioned topics, there now exists a substantial literature on regional science and the environment. Therefore, our objective in this chapter is to review the principal themes in this sizable literature. Specifically, we focus on five key issues and these issues are regional economic development, natural resources, environmental regulation, geographic information systems, and regional climate change. Our review is both retrospective and prospective. We discuss what has been achieved thus far and the likely future directions of research on regional science and the environment.
The Patchwork metropolis

Adieu compact city As stated by Jan Neutelings, in a complex area like the Randstad conurbation the model of compact city based on the romantic polarity between a paradisal Arcadia and a megalomaniac metropolis has long been inadequate for interpreting the reality of the situation. The dissolution of the old European town seems to be irreversible, although nobody can predict its specific future formation in social and spatial terms. In view of the structural problems and uncertainties, how can town planning find a way from its present resigned position? From the Randstad to the patchwork metropolis The concept of the patchwork metropolis overcomes the compact city limits, defining a new territorial structure composed by an endless juxtaposition of shifting patches. A model that considers planning as a pointless activity. Should we just give up in front of the impossibility to coordinate the Randstad? The necessity to guide The aim of this project was to allow and guide the transformations, that anyway will affect the territory, respecting those main qualities that characterize each patch. According to the highlighted features and the relations with the slow and fast networks some patches will be protected within an accelerating territory under changing processes. The patchwork model calls for a change of paradigm: the fact of the matter shifts from where to build the next patch of neighborhood, towards how to build within the patchwork.
Hungry City: How Food Shapes Our Lives

*Cities cover just 2% of the world's surface, but consume 75% of the world's resources *Global food production increased by 145% in the last 4 decades of the 20th century - yet an estimated 800 million people are still hungry *In 2005 British supermarkets sent half a million tonnes of edible food to landfill - the whole food sector put together sent 17 million tonnes *100 years ago, the average Brit ate 25kg of meat each year - now it's 80kg (and for Americans, 124kg) *One quarter of the British population is obese - one in three meals we eat is a ready meal. WHY? The relationship between food and cities is fundamental to our every day lives. Food shapes cities, and through them, it moulds us - along with the countryside that feeds us. The gargantuan effort necessary to feed cities arguably has a greater social and physical impact on us and our planet than anything else we do. Yet few of us are conscious of the process and we rarely stop to wonder how food reaches our plates. Hungry City examines the way in which modern food production has damaged the balance of human existence, and reveals that we have yet to resolve a centuries-old dilemma - one which holds the key to a host of current problems, from obesity, the inexorable rise of the supermarkets, to the destruction of the natural world. Carolyn Steel follows food on its journey - from the land (and sea) to market and supermarket, kitchen to table, waste-dump and back again - exploring the historical roots and the contemporary issues at each stage of food's cycle. She shows how our lives and our environment are being manipulated but explains how we can change things for the better. Original, inspiring and written with infectious enthusiasm and belief, Hungry City illuminates an issue that is fundamental to us all.
Nature conservation in forest management planning : A four level approach

Well-managed forest edges benefit both timber production, forest health and resilience, game, and biodiversity. (Photo: Nepenthes/ Carsten Brandt). This article explores how the integration of nature conservation into the management planning of individual forest estates can be achieved at four separate levels: • Conservation of key habitats and species • Choice of nature-friendly silvicultural systems • Operational guidelines • Overall land use planning.
The Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry Some Fluorescent Counterstains for Neuroanatomical Studies'

Methods for counterstaining neural tissue that contains fluorescent markers have been developed. Acridine orange is useful for localizing cells that are retrogradely labeled with the fluorescent tracers true blue, bisbenzimide, and nuclear yellow because at low concentrations it yields a green Nissl stain when excited with blue, but not with ultraviolet, light; since the tracers fluoresce only when exposed to ultraviolet light, they are not masked by the counterstain. In addition, counterstaining at pH 2 increases bisbenzimide fluorescence considerably. Etbidium bromide is useful for immunohistochemistry (IHC) because it yields a bright red Nissl counterstain when excited by green light, and is only faintly visible when the fluorescein marker is excited with blue light, or when ultraviolet ex-An increasing number of methods in neurobiology rely on the detection of fluorescent markers in tissue sections or in culture. The formaldehyde-induced fluorescence method for visualizing monoamine-containing neurons (Falck et al., 1962) was the first to gain wide acceptance, but since then fluorescent markers have proven useful in the immunohistochemical (IHC) localization ofspecific antigens (seejones and Hartman (1978)), and as retrogradely transported pathway tracers (Kuy-pers et al., 1980). One advantage of fluorescent markers is their sensitivity, which is due, at least in part, to the fact that bright fluorochromes are viewed in relation to a dark background. The dark field is a disadvantage, however, when it is necessary to determine the precise location offluorescent cells in tissue sections, or the proportion oflabeled cells in culture. We have, therefore, investigated the use of fluorescent coun-terstains, and have developed methods that can be used a) as Nissl and fiber stains in normal material, b) in conjunction with IHC or retrogradely transported tracers, and c) in cell cultures. citation is used. Ethidium bromide is therefore a good counterstain for fluorescent retrograde tracer and for corn-bined IHC-retrograde tracer studies as well. Certain dyes are also useful for studies of the normal morphology of neural tissue. For example, bisbenzimide and nuclear yellow at low concentrations produce a brilliant Nissl stain at pH 2, and stain only nuclei at pH 7.2. The latter procedure may be particularly useful for cell counts. Finally, neutral red, astrazone red, and safranin-O differentially stain cells and myelinated fibers, producing fluorescence analogs of the Kl#{252}ver-Barrera stain. Materials and Methods Tissue processing. Most of the studies were carried out on adult albino rat brains that were processed by a method previously described in detail (Sawchenko and …
Simultaneous Contractibility

Let C be a set of n x n complex matrices. For m = 1,2,. ,\ Cm is the set of all products of matrices in C of length m. Denote by $\hat{r}({\cal C})$ the joint spectral radius of C, that is, $$\hat{r}({\cal C})\stackrel{\rm def}{=}\limsup_{m\to\infty}[\sup_{A\in {\cal C}^m}\| A\| ]^{\frac{1}{m}}. $$ We call C simultaneously contractible if there is an invertible matrix S such that $$\sup\{\| S^{-1}AS\|;\ A\in {\cal C}\}<1,$$ where $\| \cdot\|$ is the spectral norm. This paper is primarily devoted to determining the optimal joint spectral radius range for simultaneous contractibility of bounded sets of n x n complex matrices, that is, the maximum subset J of [0,1) such that if C is a bounded set of n x n complex matrices and $\hat{r}({\cal C})\in J$, then C is simultaneously contractible. The central result proved in this paper is that this maximum subset is $[0,\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}). $ Our method of proof is based on a matrix-theoretic version of complex John's ellipsoid theorem and the generalized Gelfand spectral radius formula.
PENGARUH MANAJEMEN LABA TERHADAP BIAYA MODAL EKUITAS MELALUI PENGUNGKAPAN CORPORATE SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh manajemen laba terhadap biaya modal ekuitas melalui pengungkapan CSER sebagai variabel intervening. Penelitian ini menggunakan Model Kothari (2005) sebagai pengukuran manajemen laba. Pengungkapan CSER diukur menggunakan scoring method berdasarkan Global Reporting Index (indeks GRI). Selain itu metode pengukuran biaya modal ekuitas menggunakan model Ohlson yang telah dimodifikasi dengan menggunakan random walk. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan pertambangan yang terdaftar pada Kompas 100 pada periode 2008- 2011 dan mempublikasikan annual report nya di website BEI. Analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis jalur untuk melihat pengaruh dari variabel independen yaitu pengungkapan manajemen laba terhadap variabel dependen yaitu biaya modal ekuitas melalui variabel intervening yaitu pengungkapan CSER. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah (1) manajemen laba berpengaruh positif secara signifikan terhadap biaya modal ekuitas, (2) manajemen laba berpengaruh positif secara signifikan terhadap pengungkapan CSER, (3) pengungkapan CSER berpengaruh negatif tidak signifikan terhadap biaya modal ekuitas, dan (4) pengungkapan CSER bukan sebagai variabel intervening dalam pengaruh manajemen laba pada biaya modal ekuitas.
Resonant Planets: From Stability to Violent Upheaval

We show that interaction with a gas disk may produce young planetary systems with closely-spaced orbits, stabilized by mean-motion resonances between neighbors. On longer timescales, after the gas is gone, interaction with a remnant planetesimal disk tends to pull these configurations apart, eventually inducing dynamical instability. We find that this can lead to a variety of outcomes; some cases resemble the Solar System, while others end up with higheccentricity orbits reminiscent of the observed exoplanets. A similar mechanism has been previously suggested as the cause of the lunar Late Heavy Bombardment. Thus, it may be that a large-scale dynamical instability, with more or less cataclysmic results, is an evolutionary step common to many planetary systems, including our own.