Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Paralisia Facial Periférica: Incidência das Várias Etiologias num Ambulatório de Atendimento Terciário Facial Nerve Palsy: Incidence of Different Ethiologies in a Tertiary Ambulatory

Introducao: O diagnostico etiologico diferencial da paralisia facial periferica continua a ser desafiante e os diversos estudos na literatura tem apresentado resultados conflitantes quanto a sua epidemiologia. Objetivo: Tracar a incidencia das varias etiologias e o perfil dos pacientes atendidos com paralisia facial periferica no ambulatorio do Servico de Otorrinolaringologia da Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas e Biologicas da Pontificia Universidade Catolica de Sao Paulo - Campus Sorocaba. Metodo: Foram analisados de maneira retrospectiva os prontuarios dos pacientes com paralisia facial periferica no periodo de 2007 e 2008. Resultados: Dos 54 pacientes analisados, 55,5% eram do sexo masculino, apresentaram idade media de 40,6 anos e o lado direito da face acometido em 66,6%. Como sintomas associados, observamos a parestesia da hemiface acometida em 51,85% e o aumento do lacrimejamento em 66,6% dos pacientes. A paralisia de Bell foi a etiologia mais frequente (53,7%), seguido por: traumatica (24%), Sindrome de Ramsay-Hunt (9,2%), colesteatoma (5,5%), otite externa maligna (3,7%) e otite media aguda (3,7%). Tres casos de paralisia de Bell na gestacao foram encontrados nesta serie. Conclusao: Os dados encontrados sao semelhantes a maior parte da literatura, mostrando que a paralisia de Bell continua sendo a mais frequente seguido das causas traumaticas e demais. Ha um equilibrio em relacao aos sexos com leve prevalencia do sexo masculino e da paralisia do lado direito da face. Introduction: The ethiologic diferencial diagnostic for facial nerve paralisis is still a challenge and the literature has shown conflictive results concerning its epidemiology. Objective: To outline the incidence of the different ethiologies and the profile of peripheral facial nerve paralysis patients in the otolaryngology ambulatory of the Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas e Biologicas da PUC-SP - campus Sorocaba. Method: The records of 54 patients with facial nerve paralysis seen during the years of 2007 and 2008 were analysed retrospectively. Results: From the 54 patients analysed, 55,5% were male, median age of 40,6 years and had the right side of the face acomitted in 66,6%. Parestesia of the accomited side in 51,85% and increased tears in 66,6% of the patients were observed as associated symptoms. Bellis palsy was the most frequent ethiology (53,7%), follwed by: traumatic (24%), Ramsay Hunt syndrome (9,2%), Cholesteatoma (5,5%), malignant otitis media (3,7% and acute otits media (3,7%). Three cases of Bellis palsy during pregancy was also seen in this series. Conclusion: The data found are similiar of the most of the literature, showing that Bellis palsy is still the most frequent, followed by traumatic causes and others. There is an equilibrium concerning to the gender, with a slight prevalence for males and for the right side of the face.
1 6 A pr 2 01 9 Cooling of the Cassiopeia A Neutron Star and the E ff ect of Di ff usive Nuclear Burning

The study of how neutron stars cool over time can provide invaluable insights into fundamental physics such as the nuclear equation of state and superconductivity and superfluidity. A critical relation in neutron star cooling is the one between observed surface temperature and interior temperature. This relation is determined by the composition of the neutron star envelope and can be influenced by the process of diffusive nuclear burning (DNB). We calculate models of envelopes that include DNB and find that DNB can lead to a rapidly changing envelope composition which can be relevant for understanding the long-term cooling behavior of neutron stars. We also report on analysis of the latest temperature measurements of the young neutron star in the Cassiopeia A supernova remnant. The 13 Chandra observations over 18 years show that the neutron star’s temperature is decreasing at a rate of 2–3% per decade, and this rapid cooling can be explained by the presence of a proton superconductor and neutron superfluid in the core of the star. INTRODUCTION TO NEUTRON STAR COOLING THEORY Neutron stars are born in the supernova explosion of a massive star and begin their lives very hot (with thermal energies kT ≫ 1 MeV or temperatures T greatly exceeding 10 K). They cool rapidly due to neutrino emission and later on by photon emission [1, 2, 3, 4]. Neutrino emission processes depend on physics at densities that exceed nuclear saturation (at baryon density nnuc ≈ 0.16 fm −3 or mass densities ρnuc ≈ 2.8× 10 14 g cm). The state of matter is uncertain at these densities, e.g., exotica such as a neutron superfluid and proton superconductor and hyperons, axions, and deconfined quarks could be present [5, 6]. By comparing how neutron stars cool theoretically over time with observations of neutron stars of different ages, one can extract and understand properties of fundamental physics. Let us consider the basic two equations that govern neutron star cooling. Here for simplicity, we ignore relativistic terms, extra sources of heating, magnetic fields, etc. (see [4], for more details). Then the equations of energy balance and heat flux are
P o S ( G R B 2 0 1 2 ) 0 7 7 ENERGETIC FERMI / LAT GRB 100414 A : ENERGETIC AND CORRELATIONS

We present multi-wavelength observational results for energetic GRB 100414A with GeV photons. The prompt spectral fitting using Suzaku/WAM data yielded the spectral peak energies of Esrc peak of 1458.7 +132.6 −106.6 keV and Eiso of 34.5 +2.0 −1.8×10 erg with z = 1.368. The optical afterglow light curves between 3 and 7 days were well fitted by a simple power law with a temporal index of α = −2.6± 0.1. The joint light curve with earlier Swift/UVOT observations yields a temporal break at 2.3±0.2 days. This was the first Fermi/LAT detected event that demonstrated the clear temporal break in the optical afterglow. The jet opening angle derived from this temporal break was∼ 5.8◦, consistent with those of other well-observed long GRBs. Our multi-wavelength analyses showed that GRB 100414A follows Esrc peak−Eiso and Esrc peak−Eγ correlations. The late afterglow revealed a flatter evolution with the significant excesses at 27.2 days. The most straightforward explanation for the excess is that GRB 100414A was accompanied by a contemporaneous supernova. The model light curve based on other GRB-SNe events is marginally consistent with the observed one.
Novel technique for engineering the structural and optical properties of metal-doped nanocomposite glasses

Introduction The Lycurgus cup (4 century A.D.), which can be seen at the British Museum, is a striking example of the early (artistic) use of metal nanoparticles embedded in glass: the vessel appears green in daylight (reflected light), but red when it is shone from the inside (transmitted light) (Fig. 1). This peculiar color display is due to the presence of metal nanocrystals (70 nm) containing silver and gold [1]. Actually, the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) –i.e. the collective motion of the free electrons of the metal in response to an electromagnetic field radiation –is responsible for a wavelengthselective absorption of the incident light [2]. Spherical particles produce a single SPR band, which is located in the visible range in the case of Ag, Au or Cu, whereas elongated (e.g. ellipsoidal) particles give rise to two spectrally separated SPR bands corresponding to transverse and longitudinal electron oscillations (with respect to particle main axes) [2]. The latter property is exploited for making dichroic glass polarizers [3]. Metal nanoparticles have also interesting nonlinear optical properties such as enhanced third-order nonlinear susceptibility near SPR frequency [2]. In general, surface plasmon resonances can be tailored in a wide spectral range by selecting appropriately both the metal and the host material, but also by controlling the shape, the size and the spatial arrangement of the particles [4]. Complex systems of metal nanoparticles with nonspherical shape (rods, triangles) and special spatial arrangement (arrays) can be produced using sophisticated technologies (electron beam lithography, ion implantation, wet chemistry, etc.) [1]. However, the simple system consisting of uniformly distributed spherical nanoparticles, which is technologically easy to produce, is worth to be studied because it already possesses interesting optical properties. Among various host materials, glass is obviously the most interesting one for Proceedings Symposium IEEE/LEOS Benelux Chapter, 2004, Ghent
USE OF DEMNERALIZED BONE MATRIX IN THE REPAIR OF SEGMENTAL DEFECTS

Related U.S. Application Data Division of Ser. No. 924,513, Oct. 29, 1986, Pat. No. 4,743,259. int. Ci. ' . A61F 2/28; A61K 35/12; A01N 1/02 U.S. C. 623/16; 623/66; 427/2; 514/21; 530/840 Field of Search . 623/16, 66; 424/95; 530/840; 514/2, 20, 21 56) References Cited U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 4,294,753 10/1981 Urist . 623/16 X 4,330,891 5/1982 Branemark et al. . 623/11 X 4,378,803 4/1983 Takagi et al. . 623/66 4,472,840 9/1984 Jefferies . 623/6
Effect of Biomin ® IMBO on the humoral immune response of broiler chickens

Dept. of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran. Dept. of Veterinary Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran. Faculty of Veterinary Science, UNCPBA, Pinto, Tandil, Argentina. Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, Department of DETO, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Valenzano, Italy. Dept. of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Valenzano, Italy.
Helios Expressing Regulatory T Cells are Correlated with Decreased IL-2 Producing CD8 T Cells and Antibody Diversity in Mozambican Individuals Living Chronically HIV-1

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) causes impairment of T and B cell responses, which begins during the acute phase of infection and is not completely restored by antiretroviral treatment. Regulatory T cell (Tregs) can improve overall disease outcome by controlling chronic inflammation, but may also suppress beneficial HIV-1 specific immune responses. We analyzed immune alterations, including Tregs, and their clinical significance in Mozambican people living chronically with HIV-1 (PLWH-C). Results: In PLWH-C, the proportion of total Tregs was positively correlated with the proportion of IL-2+CD4 T cells (r=0.647; p=0.032) and IL-2+IFNg+CD8 T cells (r=0.551; p=0.014), while the Helios+Tregs correlated inversely with levels of IL-2+CD8 T cells (r= -0.541; p=0.017). Overall, PLWH-C, with (82%) or without virologic suppression (64%), were seronegative for at least HIV-1 p31, gp160 or p24, and the breadth of antibody responses was positively correlated with proportions of CD38+HLA-DR+CD8 T cells (r=0.620; p=0.012), viral load (r=0.452; p=0.040) and inversely CD4 T cells count (r=-0.481; p=0.027). Analysis of all individuals living HIV-1 showed that the breadth of HIV-1 antibody responses was inversely correlated with the proportion of Helios+Tregs (r=-0.45; p=0.02). Conclusion: Among Mozambican patients living with HIV-1, seronegativity to some HIV-1 proteins is common mostly in virologically suppressed individuals. Low diversity of HIV-specific antibodies is correlated to indicators of disease control during ART. Elevation in the proportion of Helios+Tregs is related to a reduction of CD8 T expressing intracellular IL-2 but may contribute to impairment of B cell function.
ELIMINATING THE STRONG / WEAK PARAMETER ON T *

This paper consists of two parts: the first part (section 2) identifies potential flaws in the labeling theory proposed in Chomsky (2015a); the second part (section 3) suggests a system that eliminates the flaws. More specifically, I argue that the strong/weak parameter on T regarding labeling, which is proposed by Chomsky (2015a) to capture the parametric difference in Extended Projection Principle (EPP)/Empty Category Principle (ECP) between non-null subjects languages (non-NSLs) like English and null subject languages (NSLs) like Italian, should be eliminated in favor of the optimal design of language. I then propose a new way of labeling by Merge of a head H to SPEC (Merge H-to-S) just as an instance of the general application of the simplest Merge: Merge(α, β) → {α, β}. As a consequence of this proposal, it is shown that the strong/weak parameter on T is eliminable, the spirit of Chomsky’s (2015a) labeling analysis of EPP/ECP is maintained, with significant empirical advantages, and feature inheritance (Chomsky 2008, Richards 2007) is provided with a simple principled explanation under the labeling theory.
PROBABILISTIC SOPHISTICATION, SOURCES OF UNCERTAINTY, AND COGNITIVE ABILITY: EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE

This article revisits the idea that individuals are not probabilistically sophisticated, that is, that a well behaved subjective probability measure cannot be constructed from their choice behavior in the presence of uncertainty. The conventional view, based on experimental replications of Ellsberg’s (1961) work, is that such simplification is not warranted. In these experiments, however, beliefs are shown to be inconsistent across sources of uncertainty that involve known and unknown probabilities. We design and implement an experiment with uniform sources of uncertainty, and find that the majority of subjects satisfy requirements of probabilistic sophistication. We also show that the few violations are strongly correlated with low cognitive ability.
HURWITZ SPACES OF QUADRUPLE COVERINGS OF ELLIPTIC CURVES AND THE MODULI SPACE OF ABELIAN THREEFOLDS A3(1,1,4)

We prove that the moduli space A3(1, 1, 4) of polarized abelian threefolds with polarization of type (1, 1, 4) is unirational. By a result of Birkenhake and Lange this implies the unirationality of the isomorphic moduli space A3(1, 4, 4). The result is based on the study the Hurwitz space H4,n(Y) of quadruple coverings of an elliptic curve Y simply branched in n ≥ 2 points. We prove the unirationality of its codimension one subvariety H 0 4,A (Y) which parametrizes quadruple coverings π : X → Y with Tschirnhausen modules isomorphic to A −1 , where A ∈ P ic n/2 Y , and for which π * : J(Y) → J(X) is injective. This is an analog of the result of Arbarello and Cornalba that the Hurwitz space H4,n(P 1) is unirational.
Evolution of Virtual Organizations over Time: An Empirical Examination

This paper addresses the evolution of the network structure of a virtual organization over time. Data has been collected on the E-mail messages exchanged by the members of a virtual organization at two points in time, 4 years apart. Social network analysis will be used to compute, and compare across time, two measures of emergent network structure – degree of hierarchy and centralization. Structure will be assessed both at the level of the overall organization as well as for each of principal 3 task categories – design (the core task of the organization), group maintenance, and resource management.
Numerical Methods for Stochastic Di ff erential Equations with Applications to Finance

The pricing of financial derivatives is used to help investors to increase the expected returns and minimise the risk associated with an investment. Options, in particular, offer benefits such as limited risk and leverage and for this reason much research has been dedicated to the development of models that accurately price options. The most celebrated model for option pricing is the Black-Scholes model, however when reduced to the heat equation, the simplified assumptions lead to the mispricing of options. Thus, extensions of this model have been developed, that consider a variation of the volatility and of the interest rate. In this work, we review the classical approach using finite difference schemes for the heat equation, and then we apply numerical schemes for stochastic differential equations Euler-Maruyama and Milstein schemes, using Monte Carlo simulations, which will be the main focus of this thesis. We start by considering asset models where the volatility and the interest rate are time-dependent coefficients and then extend these models to coefficients that also depend on the price of the underlying asset. We will see that as long as sufficient conditions on the coefficients are satisfied, the numerical approximations will converge in weak and strong sense, to the price of European call options. We conclude with an implementation of the Heston model for stochastic volatility, showing that will also present good convergence rates.
Performance of an Agar Dilution Method and a Vitek 2 Card for Detection of Inducible Clindamycin Resistance in Staphylococcus spp

ABSTRACT The D-zone test detects inducible clindamycin resistance in Staphylococcus spp. Two other methods not described by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) are available to test for this resistance mechanism: an agar dilution method and new Vitek 2 cards. This study evaluated the performance of both methods in detecting inducible clindamycin resistance. Nonduplicate clinical strains of Staphylococcus spp. (111 Staphylococcus aureus and 52 coagulase-negative staphylococcus strains), intermediate or resistant to erythromycin but susceptible to clindamycin, were obtained from three hospitals in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Molecular analysis to detect resistance genes was conducted on all strains. A Mueller-Hinton agar containing 1 mg of erythromycin and 0.5 mg of clindamycin/liter was used for the dilution method, and two inocula were tested: 104 and 105 CFU per spot. Plates were read at 24 and 48 h. The Vitek 2 AST-P580 card was used according to the manufacturer's recommendations. The results were compared to those of the D-zone test. The D-zone test was positive in 134 of 163 (82%) strains. With the 104 CFU inoculum, the sensitivities were 84 and 99% at 24 and 48 h, respectively. The 105 CFU inoculum increased the sensitivities at 24 and 48 h to 91 and 100%, respectively. The specificity was 100% for the 104 CFU inoculum at 24 h and 97% for the other combinations. The sensitivity and specificity for the Vitek 2 card were 93 and 100%, respectively. The performance of both the agar dilution method and the Vitek 2 card was good, but these methods were not as sensitive as the D-zone test at 24 h.
Household characteristics and calorie intake in rural India: a quantile regression approach

The present paper investigates the nutrition demand pattern for rural households in India. The non-parametric approach of quantile regression is applied to characterize the entire distribution of calorie consumption. This technique has an advantage over the traditional ordinary least square technique. It relaxes the assumption of a constant effect of the explanatory variables over the entire distribution of the dependent variable. These effects are allowed to vary over the entire distribution of dependent variable i.e., in this case the distribution of calorie consumption. The results show that indeed, the responsiveness of calorie consumption to various factors differs across different levels of calorie consumption. A comparison of the quantile regression results with OLS results suggests conclusions and policy suggestions based on OLS results are unlikely to be ideal. Some further light is also shed on the debate on calorie income elasticity as the magnitude is observed to be different for the undernourished and the over nourished households.
On the Existence of a Competitive Equilibrium: 1930-1954

This paper was conceived in conversations with my colleague Neil B. de Marchi between 1979 and 1981 and born in a seminar we jointly taught at Duke in Spring 1982 with Anthony Brewer (visiting from the University of Bristol). A preliminary version of the paper was read at the History of Economics Society Meetings at Duke in May 1982. I am deeply grateful to Kenneth Arrow, John Chipman, Gerard Debreu, Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen, Tjalling Koopmans, Lionel McKenzie, Gerhard Tintner, and Allen Wallis for answering many questions posed to them in several letters, and for their willingness to allow me to quote from their responses in this paper.
MONITORING OF MICROEARTHQUAKES AND ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS WITHIN THE HENGILL-HELLISHEIDI GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIRS, JUNE-AUGUST 2007

With increased emphasis on geothermal development, new exploration methods are needed in order to improve the general understanding of geothermal reservoirs, characterize their extent and assess the potential for sustainable utilization. Monitoring of microearthquakes and acoustic emissions within geothermal areas may provide a new tool for evaluating the spatial extent of geothermal fields, their dynamics and model rock-fluid interactions. In this project, data was collected within the Hengill-Hellisheidi geothermal area. A temporary seismic network was in operation from June 13 to August 13, 2007 and the area covered was 220km 2 . In this period more than 60 events were recorded during the field campaign, which were located using the program Hypoinverse 2000. Seismicity in the Hengill-Hellisheidi area during the observation period was low. Most of the events followed a NW-SE trend, from Reykjadalur, across Olkelduhals into Hengill, correlating with surface geothermal manifestations. A few events were also located within the fissure swarm north and south of Hengill. Earthquakes at Olkelduhals clustered at 4-6 km depth whereas events within the Hengill fissure swarm have a broader depth range, from 0 to 9 km. These earthquakes are most likely associated with tectonic movements or hydraulic fracturing and fluid flow within the geothermal systems. A preliminary study of the noise distribution within the Hengill-Hellisheidi geothermal fields has revealed 4-6 Hz spectral peaks at seismic stations located in the vicinity of surface geothermal manifestations. Further investigation is needed to determine their relationship to the Hengill-Hellisheidi geothermal field. Spectral peaks within the range of 8-30 Hz have been observed at most of the stations and are probably related to various sources of noise such as wind and overpressurized boreholes.
Assessment of farmers' perceptions and the economic impact of climate change in Namibia: Case study on small scale irrigation farmers (SSIFs) of Ndonga Linena Irrigation Project.

This paper examines perceptions of small-scale irrigation farmers (SSIFs) with regard to climate change and their adaptation strategies in terms of its effects. The Multinomial Logit (MNL) and the Trade-Off Analysis models were applied. Farm-level data was collected from the entire population of 30 SSIFs at the Ndonga Linena Irrigation Project in February 2014. Results from the MNL reveal that the gender, age and farming experience and extension services, yield and mean rainfall shift, are significant and positively related to the level of the farmers’ diversification strategies. Trade-off analysis for multi-dimensional impact assessment (TOA-MD) model results project that climate change will have a negative economic effect on farmers, with 17.5, 25.95, 41.15 and 3.76% of farmers set to gain from climate change across 20, 30, 40 and 50% physical yield reduction scenarios respectively. Farm net return and per capita income are also expected to decline across all scenarios in future, while the poverty level is expected to rise. This study will have certain policy implications in terms of safeguarding the farmers’ limited productive assets. Policy should target diversification. Key words: Climate change, perceptions, small-scale irrigation farmers, multinomial model, trade-off analysis for multi-dimensional (TOA-MD), policy implications.