Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Potential causal role of synovial complement system activation in the development of post-traumatic osteoarthritis after anterior cruciate ligament injury or meniscus tear

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and meniscal tear (MT) are major causal factors for developing post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA), but the biological mechanism(s) are uncertain. After these structural damages, the synovium could be affected by complement activation that normally occurs in response to tissue injury. We explored the presence of complement proteins, activation products, and immune cells, in discarded surgical synovial tissue (DSST) collected during arthroscopic ACL reconstructive surgery, MT-related meniscectomy and from patients with OA. Multiplexed immunohistochemistry (MIHC) was used to determine the presence of complement proteins, receptors and immune cells from ACL, MT, OA synovial tissue vs. uninjured controls. Examination of synovium from uninjured control tissues did not reveal the presence of complement or immune cells. However, DSST from patients undergoing ACL and MT repair demonstrated increases in both features. In ACL DSST, a significantly higher percentage of C4d+, CFH+, CFHR4+ and C5b-9+ synovial cells were present compared with MT DSST, but no major differences were seen between ACL and OA DSST. Increased cells expressing C3aR1 and C5aR1, and a significant increase in mast cells and macrophages, were found in ACL as compared to MT synovium. Conversely, the percentage of monocytes was increased in the MT synovium. Our data demonstrate that complement is activated in the synovium and is associated with immune cell infiltration, with a more pronounced effect following ACL as compared to MT injury. Complement activation, associated with an increase in mast cells and macrophages after ACL injury and/or MT, may contribute to the development of PTOA.
Advancements in CAR-NK therapy: lessons to be learned from CAR-T therapy

Advancements in chimeric antigen receptor engineered T-cell (CAR-T) therapy have revolutionized treatment for several cancer types over the past decade. Despite this success, obstacles including the high price tag, manufacturing complexity, and treatment-associated toxicities have limited the broad application of this therapy. Chimeric antigen receptor engineered natural killer cell (CAR-NK) therapy offers a potential opportunity for a simpler and more affordable “off-the-shelf” treatment, likely with fewer toxicities. Unlike CAR-T, CAR-NK therapies are still in early development, with few clinical trials yet reported. Given the challenges experienced through the development of CAR-T therapies, this review explores what lessons we can apply to build better CAR-NK therapies. In particular, we explore the importance of optimizing the immunochemical properties of the CAR construct, understanding factors leading to cell product persistence, enhancing trafficking of transferred cells to the tumor, ensuring the metabolic fitness of the transferred product, and strategies to avoid tumor escape through antigen loss. We also review trogocytosis, an important emerging challenge that likely equally applies to CAR-T and CAR-NK cells. Finally, we discuss how these limitations are already being addressed in CAR-NK therapies, and what future directions may be possible.
Metabolomics profile and 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk score

Background The intermediate metabolites associated with the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remain largely unknown. Thus, we conducted a large panel of metabolomics profiling to identify the new candidate metabolites that were associated with 10-year ASCVD risk. Methods Thirty acylcarnitines and twenty amino acids were measured in the fasting plasma of 1,102 randomly selected individuals using a targeted FIA-MS/MS approach. The 10-year ASCVD risk score was calculated based on 2013 ACC/AHA guidelines. Accordingly, the subjects were stratified into four groups: low-risk (n = 620), borderline-risk (n = 110), intermediate-risk (n = 225), and high-risk (n = 147). 10 factors comprising collinear metabolites were extracted from principal component analysis. Results C4DC, C8:1, C16OH, citrulline, histidine, alanine, threonine, glycine, glutamine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, glutamic acid, arginine, and aspartic acid were significantly associated with the 10-year ASCVD risk score (p-values ≤ 0.044). The high-risk group had higher odds of factor 1 (12 long-chain acylcarnitines, OR = 1.103), factor 2 (5 medium-chain acylcarnitines, OR = 1.063), factor 3 (methionine, leucine, valine, tryptophan, tyrosine, phenylalanine, OR = 1.074), factor 5 (6 short-chain acylcarnitines, OR = 1.205), factor 6 (5 short-chain acylcarnitines, OR = 1.229), factor 7 (alanine, proline, OR = 1.343), factor 8 (C18:2OH, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, OR = 1.188), and factor 10 (ornithine, citrulline, OR = 1.570) compared to the low-risk ones; the odds of factor 9 (glycine, serine, threonine, OR = 0.741), however, were lower in the high-risk group. “D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism”, “phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis”, and “valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis” were metabolic pathways having the highest association with borderline/intermediate/high ASCVD events, respectively. Conclusions Abundant metabolites were found to be associated with ASCVD events in this study. Utilization of this metabolic panel could be a promising strategy for early detection and prevention of ASCVD events.
Exploring shape memory alloys in haptic wearables for visually impaired people

Wearable haptic assistive devices can provide tactile information to visually impaired people (VIP) to support independent living. However, electromechanical haptic feedback has a number of disadvantages, including hardware being relatively heavy, large, and producing excessive sound. Here, we present a design-driven investigation of the potential of shape memory alloy-based haptic feedback for VIP. We followed an iterative approach, focusing on hands-on material explorations, in which we identified challenges and subsequent solutions that designers of SMA-based wearable haptic assistive devices may be faced with when incorporating SMAs in their designs. We present several prototype iterations and an initial evaluation with VIP to offer insights into the potential of SMA-based wearable haptic devices for VIP.
Efficient ex vivo expansion of conserved element vaccine-specific CD8+ T-cells from SHIV-infected, ART-suppressed nonhuman primates

HIV-specific T cells are necessary for control of HIV-1 replication but are largely insufficient for viral clearance. This is due in part to these cells’ recognition of immunodominant but variable regions of the virus, which facilitates viral escape via mutations that do not incur viral fitness costs. HIV-specific T cells targeting conserved viral elements are associated with viral control but are relatively infrequent in people living with HIV (PLWH). The goal of this study was to increase the number of these cells via an ex vivo cell manufacturing approach derived from our clinically-validated HIV-specific expanded T-cell (HXTC) process. Using a nonhuman primate (NHP) model of HIV infection, we sought to determine i) the feasibility of manufacturing ex vivo-expanded virus-specific T cells targeting viral conserved elements (CE, CE-XTCs), ii) the in vivo safety of these products, and iii) the impact of simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) challenge on their expansion, activity, and function. NHP CE-XTCs expanded up to 10-fold following co-culture with the combination of primary dendritic cells (DCs), PHA blasts pulsed with CE peptides, irradiated GM-K562 feeder cells, and autologous T cells from CE-vaccinated NHP. The resulting CE-XTC products contained high frequencies of CE-specific, polyfunctional T cells. However, consistent with prior studies with human HXTC and these cells’ predominant CD8+ effector phenotype, we did not observe significant differences in CE-XTC persistence or SHIV acquisition in two CE-XTC-infused NHP compared to two control NHP. These data support the safety and feasibility of our approach and underscore the need for continued development of CE-XTC and similar cell-based strategies to redirect and increase the potency of cellular virus-specific adaptive immune responses.
A robust measurement protocol for Bohmian velocities

A protocol for measuring Bohmian velocities using two position measurements (each one modeled by a Positive Operator Valued Measure) separated by a finite time-interval is presented. The protocol is very accurate and robust so long as the first measurement uncertainty divided by the finite time-interval between measurements is much larger than the Bohmian velocity, and the system evolves under at potential between measurements. The difference between the Bohmian velocity of the unperturbed state and the measured one is predicted to be much smaller than 1% in a large range of parameters. Counter-intuitively, the measured velocity is that at the final time and not a time-averaged value between measurements.
Interaction of magnetospheric Alfvén waves with the ionosphere in the Pc1 frequency band

A characteristic feature of the upper ionosphere is the occurrence of the ionospheric Alfvén resonator (IAR) and MHD waveguide, which can trap electromagnetic wave energy in the range from fractions of a Hz to a few Hz. This wave trapping ensures the strong dependence of the ionospheric transmission/reflective properties on frequency. We have developed a numerical model of the magnetospheric Alfvén wave interaction with the ionosphere and transmission to the ground based on the solution of multifluid magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) full wave equations in a realistic ionosphere, whose parameters were reconstructed from the International Reference Ionosphere model. The MHD modes are coupled owing to the frequency‐dependent Hall conductivity and geomagnetic field line inclination. This model can be applied to the interpretation of the spectral structure of electromagnetic emissions of the magnetospheric origin in the band 0.1–10 Hz observed at various latitudes. The model predicts that the upper part of the ULF spectrum (f > 1 Hz) will be severely absorbed upon wave transmission through the daytime ionosphere to the ground. At nighttime the transmission coefficient of Alfvén waves has an oscillatory dependence on frequency, with “transmission windows” at the lowest IAR eigenfrequencies (<3 Hz). At higher frequencies (3–10 Hz) the reflection/transmission coefficients are dominated by periodic scale‐dependent modulation owing to the waveguide modes. Broad maxima/minima of the transmission coefficient are determined by the phasing between Alfvén and fast magnetosonic waves at the bottom of the ionosphere.
An Analytic Model of the Wind and Pressure Profiles in Hurricanes

Abstract An analytic model of the radial profiles of sea level pressure and winds in a hurricane is presented. The equations contain two parameters which may be empirically estimated from observations in a hurricane or determined climatologically to define a standard hurricane; example are given. The model is shown to be generally superior to two other widely used models and is considered to be a valuable aid in operational forecasting, case studies and engineering work.
Section-wise-exact coupled-mode theory of waveguide quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generation

We derive exact mathematical expressions for both the amplitude and phase evolution of optical waves due to linear and nonlinear interactions in a waveguide device and propose a section-wise-exact coupled-mode theory analysis for quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generation in the waveguide. Section-wise-exact coupled-mode theory is readily applicable to nonuniform quasi-phase-matched gratings and can be useful as a quantitative method in their analysis and design. Using the method, several numerical results are presented for second-harmonic generation in periodically poled LiNbO/sub 3/ channel waveguides. In addition, we introduce a split-step method which takes propagation losses into account and which can include linear and two-photon absorption and waveguide losses.
An open-source platform for sub-g , sub-µ A data loggers

Background Rapid improvements in inexpensive, low-power, movement and environmental sensors have sparked a revolution in animal behavior research by enabling the creation of data loggers (henceforth, tags) that can capture fine-grained behavioral data over many months. Nevertheless, development of tags that are suitable for use with small species, for example, birds under 25 g, remains challenging because of the extreme mass (under 1 g ) and power (average current under 1 µ A) constraints. These constraints dictate that a tag should carry exactly the sensors required for a given experiment and the data collection protocol should be specialized to the experiment. Furthermore, it can be extremely challenging to design hardware and software to achieve the energy efficiency required for long tag life. Results We present an activity monitor, BitTag, that can continuously collect activity data for 4–12 months at 0.5– 0.8 g , depending upon battery choice, and which has been used to collect more than 500,000 h of data in a variety of experiments. The BitTag architecture provides a general platform to support the development and deployment of custom sub-g tags. This platform consists of a flexible tag architecture, software for both tags and host computers, and hardware to provide the host/tag interface necessary for preparing tags for “flight” and for accessing tag data “post-flight”. We demonstrate how the BitTag platform can be extended to quickly develop novel tags with other sensors while satisfying the 1g/1 µ A mass and power requirements through the design of a novel barometric pressure sensing tag that can collect pressure and temperature data every 60 s for a year with mass under 0.6 g .
Approximate solution of mixing boundary layer's ply on flat plate

Methods of approximate solution of mixing boundary layer's ply on flat plate is mainly researched.Many books of fluid Mechanics were studied.In many books methods of approximate solution of mixing boundary layer's ply on flat plate are mastered by reading those.New methods of approximate solution of mixing boundary layer's ply on flat plate are put forward.Estimating δ cron flat plate by laminar flow.Then on the basis of δ crestimating A',A'is regarded as initial point in boundary layer of turbulent flow.Making use of couputing methods of boundary layer of turbulent flow computes.
Comparative Analysis of Several Decomposition and Coordination Algorithms for Reactive Power Optimization for Multi-Area Interconnected Power System

Taking 708-bus power system and 538-bus power system for calculation examples,the comparative analysis on computation efficiencies and convergence of five reactive power decomposition and coordination algorithms which are based on nonlinear prime-dual interior point method,approximate Newton directions and block bordered diagonal frame model respectively are performed.Then the factors influencing the computation efficiencies and convergence of decomposition and coordination algorithm are further analyzed.The influences of two kinds of methods,i.e.,fixing the general scale of the system and expanding the number of sub-area as well as fixing the number of sub-area and expanding the scale of maximum sub-area,on computing speed are quantitatively analyzed.
An Aquaplanet Monsoon

Abstract A hypothesis is proposed that the seasonal evolution of sea surface temperature (SST) is the major forcing to control both the onset and the life cycle of the monsoon. A sensitive coupling of surface heat flux and cumulus convection is the central process and, in the current model, is realized by wind-induced surface-heat exchange. The model adopted is a shallow water analog in dynamics with two vertical levels for thermodynamics. The land forcing effect is neglected as a crucial simplification of the model experiments, along with the absence of the dynamical feedback to the SST in the model. Experiments with steady SST forcing reveal the presence of three regimes of response. Weak SST forcing realizes two unsteady regimes, depending on the latitude of the forcing: (i) the supercluster regime, characterized by equatorially trapped eastward propagating convective coherencies akin to the Madden–Julian waves, and (ii) the monsoon regime, characterized by an intermittent planetary-scale standing conv.
The Southern Oscillation and New Zealand Weather

Abstract Correlation coefficients between the Tahiti-Darwin Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and pressure fields in the New Zealand area show a negative SOI to be associated with anomalous southwest flow on a yearly average basis, but reveal a strong seasonal variation in the correlation pattern. Difference fields between composites for negative and positive phases of the SO show similar seasonal variations. The SOI is significantly correlated in the southern summer with a zonal index at sea level over New Zealand and in winter with a meridional index. Correlations are strongest near zero lag, with persistence as the main contributor to lagged correlations. Temperature spatially averaged over New Zealand as a whole has a year-round positive correlation with the SOI. Contemporary correlations are strongest, with some indication of significant lag relationships other than those due to persistence. Rainfall spatially averaged over the country is less strongly correlated with the SOI. Regional temperature and.
Vulnerability of Biometric Protection

Every year, biometric systems are becoming increasingly popular. This is facilitated by the successful application of biometrics in various areas of human life. In particular, forensics (it was the first and most important area of fingerprinting, and remains so until now), locks and safes equipped with a scanner, encryption devices in computers and mobile devices, payment for purchases in stores, and so on. This article tells about the need to ensure the security of personal data, the growing popularity of the collection and processing of biometric personal data, its advantages and disadvantages, analyzed the characteristic features of biometric identification and authentication, explored the market for bio-metric products, examined the problems of biometric protection in face geometry and fingerprints. Since one of the most popular and widely practiced biometric systems is fingerprints, the practical part of the work was to create a fingerprint cast to bypass the blocking of any device using this type of biometric identification. Also, the need for using a thermogram for biometric authentication is identified and substantiated in the article. Based on the study, the authors put forward a number of recommendations to improve the reliability of personal data security and eliminate biometric authentication vulnerabilities by fingerprint and face image.
Development of Regulatory Documents for the Calculation of Electrical Loads of Residential Buildings Using Big Data

The purpose of the work is to update the specific electrical loads of multi-unit residential buildings with a height of up to 10 floors using big data of actual measurements with the subsequent development of changes to the federal regulatory document. The proposed changes in the value of specific electrical loads will help reduce the cost of technological connection in housing construction, as well as reduce the actual unused power at the same time as reducing electricity losses in power transformers. The size of the studied sample of multi-unit residential buildings with a height of up to 10 floors in Moscow was 149 houses. A comparative analysis of the actual specific electrical loads of a residential building with the loads given in the federal set of rules has been carried out. Based on the results of statistical processing of a sample of multi-unit residential buildings with a height of up to 10 floors, the dependence of the maximum specific power on the number of apartments in multi-unit residential buildings was determined with a trend line that clearly illustrates the trends in the studied dependence. Changes to the regulatory document SP 256.1325800. 2016 "Electrical installations of residential and public buildings. Design and installation rules" for calculating the electrical loads of multi-unit residential buildings up to 10 floors in Moscow.
X-ray Study of Luminous Supermassive Black Holes in the Brightest Cluster Galaxies

We present the X-ray study of luminous supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in the brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs). Our aim is to investigate whether or not there are significant differences in the properties of the luminous SMBHs in the BCGs from those in field galaxies. By referring both the Planck SZ cluster catalogue and the Swift/BAT 70Month catalogue, we search for luminous SMBHs hosted by BCGs with X-ray luminosity of LX > 1×10 erg s−1 in the 14−195 keV band. We find two clusters out of 861 clusters sample. One is the Phoenix cluster (z = 0.596), and the other is H 1821+643 (z = 0.297). Using the X-ray spectra obtained with the Suzaku/XIS & HXD, we detect a neutral iron K-line (Fe I) from both AGNs. The equivalent width (EW) of Fe I is 150 −60 eV and 82 ± 7 eV, respectively. The Fe I line indicates that a large amount of cold gas, i.e., the torus, surrounds the luminous SMBHs. In particular, we measure that the column density (NH) of the torus is 3.2 +0.9 −0.8 × 10 cm−2 for the SMBH in the BCG of the Phoenix cluster. This values of NH indicates that it is heavily obscured, i.e., it is classified as the type 2 quasi-stellar object (QSO). In the case of H 1821+643, we obtain the upper limit of the NH, i.e., luminous SMBH in its BCG is classified as the type 1 QSO. We also analyze other three samples. One is in the BCG of IRAS 09104+4109, which is not included in both catalogues but the mass of the cluster and the X-ray luminosity of the type 2 QSO are below with the sensitivity limit of the surveys of Planck and Swift. The others are located in the field galaxies of ESP39607 (z = 0.201) and 3C433 (z = 0.102). By analyzing the X-ray spectra obtained with the Suzaku/XIS & HXD, we identify that they are heavily obscured and luminous AGNs. i.e., type 2 QSO. The EW of Fe I of each type 2 QSO is 539 ± 150 eV, 124 −31 eV, and 57 −27 eV, respectively. We first focus on the environment of four type 2 QSOs with the NH and the EW of Fe I. The relation of the NH and the EW for four type 2 QSOs shows a similar trend to that expected from local AGNs in field. This result indicates that four type 2 QSOs have similar torus geometry of field AGNs even if the type 2 QSOs exist in the BCGs. On the other hand, we also focus on the EW −LX relation, i.e., the X-ray Baldwin effect. Our data of the QSOs in the BCGs are a little far away from the trend obtained from local type 2 AGNs. Since there are some causes to deviate the data points from the trend, we evaluate the standard deviation of the fluctuation by using a total of 59 type 2 AGNs in field. Thus, we obtain the standard deviation of 1σdex. = 0.47 dex. Although the type 2 QSO in the Phoenix cluster and that in IRAS 09104+4109 have the difference that are larger than 1σdex. significance (1.9σdex. and 2.9σdex. significance, respectively), the others are below 1σdex. significance. The probability to obtain two sources out of three those that have deviations larger than +1. 9σdex. and +2. 9σdex. is 2 × 10−4; we can reject
Creating and Using XR for Environmental Communication: Three Exploratory Case Studies

Despite growing investment in environmental media campaigns, the link between awareness and action remains inadequate. One promising approach involves using extended reality (XR) technologies - augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) - to provide audiences with direct interactions with environmental dangers. The current work presents three interdisciplinary case studies highlighting how brands, non-governmental organizations, and academic institutions are leveraging XR for environmental communication.