Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Toward Replacing Late Gadolinium Enhancement With Artificial Intelligence Virtual Native Enhancement for Gadolinium-Free Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Tissue Characterization in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is the gold standard for noninvasive myocardial tissue characterization but requires intravenous contrast agent administration. It is highly desired to develop a contrast agent–free technology to replace LGE for faster and cheaper CMR scans. Methods: A CMR virtual native enhancement (VNE) imaging technology was developed using artificial intelligence. The deep learning model for generating VNE uses multiple streams of convolutional neural networks to exploit and enhance the existing signals in native T1 maps (pixel-wise maps of tissue T1 relaxation times) and cine imaging of cardiac structure and function, presenting them as LGE-equivalent images. The VNE generator was trained using generative adversarial networks. This technology was first developed on CMR datasets from the multicenter Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Registry, using hypertrophic cardiomyopathy as an exemplar. The datasets were randomized into 2 independent groups for deep learning training and testing. The test data of VNE and LGE were scored and contoured by experienced human operators to assess image quality, visuospatial agreement, and myocardial lesion burden quantification. Image quality was compared using a nonparametric Wilcoxon test. Intra- and interobserver agreement was analyzed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Lesion quantification by VNE and LGE were compared using linear regression and ICC. Results: A total of 1348 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients provided 4093 triplets of matched T1 maps, cines, and LGE datasets. After randomization and data quality control, 2695 datasets were used for VNE method development and 345 were used for independent testing. VNE had significantly better image quality than LGE, as assessed by 4 operators (n=345 datasets; P<0.001 [Wilcoxon test]). VNE revealed lesions characteristic of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in high visuospatial agreement with LGE. In 121 patients (n=326 datasets), VNE correlated with LGE in detecting and quantifying both hyperintensity myocardial lesions (r=0.77–0.79; ICC=0.77–0.87; P<0.001) and intermediate-intensity lesions (r=0.70–0.76; ICC=0.82–0.85; P<0.001). The native CMR images (cine plus T1 map) required for VNE can be acquired within 15 minutes and producing a VNE image takes less than 1 second. Conclusions: VNE is a new CMR technology that resembles conventional LGE but without the need for contrast administration. VNE achieved high agreement with LGE in the distribution and quantification of lesions, with significantly better image quality.
Prescription of off-label and unlicensed drugs for preterm infants in a neonatal intensive care unit

Objective To evaluate the use of off-label and unlicensed medications in preterm infants hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit. Methods This nonconcurrent cohort study included preterm infants admitted to 3 neonatal intensive care units in 2016 and 2017 who were followed up during the neonatal period. The type and number of medications used were recorded for the entire period and classified based on the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical. Descriptive and bivariate data analyses were performed to assess associations between the number of drugs used (total, off-label and unlicensed) and the explanatory variables of interest. Results Four hundred preterm infants received 16,143 prescriptions for 86 different pharmaceuticals; 51.9% of these medications were classified as off-label and 23.5% as unlicensed. The most prescribed drugs were gentamicin and ampicillin (17.5% and 15.5% among off-label, respectively) and caffeine (75.5% among unlicensed). The results indicated significant associations between the use of off-label drugs and lower gestational age, low birth weight, lower 5-minute Apgar score, advanced resuscitation maneuver in the delivery room and death. The prescription of unlicensed drugs was associated with lower gestational age, low birth weight and 5-minute Apgar score below 7. Conclusion Neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care units are highly exposed to off-label and unlicensed medications. Further studies are needed to achieve greater safety and quality of drug therapy used in neonatology.
A Complex Impact of Systemically Administered 5-HT2A Receptor Ligands on Conditioned Fear

Abstract Background Though drugs binding to serotonergic 5-HT2A receptors have long been claimed to influence human anxiety, it remains unclear if this receptor subtype is best described as anxiety promoting or anxiety dampening. Whereas conditioned fear expressed as freezing in rats is modified by application of 5-HT2A–acting drugs locally into different brain regions, reports on the effect of systemic administration of 5-HT2A receptor agonists and 5-HT2A antagonists or inverse agonists on this behavior remain sparse. Methods We assessed the possible impact of systemic administration of 5-HT2A receptor agonists, 5-HT2A receptor inverse agonists, and a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)—per se or in combination—on the freezing displayed by male rats when re-exposed to a conditioning chamber in which they received foot shocks 7 days earlier. Results The 5-HT2A receptor agonists psilocybin and 25CN-NBOH induced a reduction in conditioned fear that was countered by pretreatment with 5-HT2A receptor inverse agonist MDL 100907. While both MDL 100907 and another 5-HT2A receptor inverse agonist, pimavanserin, failed to impact freezing per se, both compounds unmasked a robust fear-reducing effect of an SSRI, escitalopram, which by itself exerted no such effect. Conclusions The results indicate that 5-HT2A receptor activation is not a prerequisite for normal conditioned freezing in rats but that this receptor subtype, when selectively over-activated prior to expression, exerts a marked fear-reducing influence. However, in the presence of an SSRI, the 5-HT2A receptor, on the contrary, appears to counter an anti-freezing effect of the enhanced extracellular serotonin levels following reuptake inhibition.
A novel patient stratification strategy to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of dasatinib in glioblastoma.

BACKGROUND Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignancy of the central nervous system with dismal prognosis. Genomic signatures classify isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH)-wildtype glioblastoma into three subtypes: proneural, mesenchymal and classical. Dasatinib, an inhibitor of proto-oncogene kinase Src (SRC), is one of many therapeutics which, despite promising preclinical results, has failed to improve overall survival in glioblastoma patients in clinical trials. We examined whether glioblastoma subtypes differ in their response to dasatinib and could hence be evaluated for patient enrichment strategies in clinical trials. METHODS We carried out in silico analyses on glioblastoma gene expression (TCGA) and single-cell RNA-Seq data. In addition, in vitro experiments using glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) derived from primary patient tumors were performed, with complementary gene expression profiling and immunohistochemistry analysis of tumor samples. RESULTS Patients with the mesenchymal subtype of glioblastoma showed higher SRC pathway activation based on gene expression profiling. Accordingly, mesenchymal GSCs were more sensitive to SRC inhibition by dasatinib compared to proneural and classical GSCs. Notably, SRC phosphorylation status did not predict response to dasatinib treatment. Furthermore, serpin peptidase inhibitor clade H member 1 (SERPINH1), a collagen related heat-shock protein associated with cancer progression, was shown to correlate with dasatinib response and with the mesenchymal subtype. CONCLUSION This work highlights further molecular-based patient selection strategies in clinical trials and suggests the mesenchymal subtype as well as SERPINH1 to be associated with response to dasatinib. Our findings indicate that stratification based on gene expression subtyping should be considered in future dasatinib trials.
Gait and neuromuscular dynamics during level and uphill walking carrying military loads

ABSTRACT The neuromuscular system responds to perturbation and increasing locomotor task difficulty by altering the stability of neuromuscular output signals. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of two different military load carriage systems on the dynamic stability of gait and muscle activation signals. 14 army office cadets (20 ± 1 years) performed 4-minute treadmill walking trials on level (0%) and uphill (10%) gradients while unloaded, and with 11 kg backpack and 11 kg webbing loads while the activity of 6 leg and trunk muscles and the motion of the centre of mass (COM) were recorded. Loaded and uphill walking decreased stability and increased magnitude of muscle activations compared to loaded and level gradient walking. Backpack loads increased the medio-lateral stability of COM and uphill walking decreased stability of vertical COM motion and increased stride time variability. However, there was no difference between the two load carriage systems for any variable. The reduced stability of muscle activations in loaded and uphill conditions indicates an impaired ability of the neuromuscular control systems to accommodate perturbations in these conditions which may have implications on the operational performance of military personnel. However, improved medio-lateral stability in backpack conditions may indicate that participants were able to compensate for the loads used in this study, despite the decreased vertical stability and increased stride time variability evident in uphill walking. This study did not find differences between load carriage systems however, specific load carriage system effects may be elicited by greater load carriage masses.
Annexin A1 as a potential prognostic biomarker for COVID‐19 disease: Case–control study

Annexin A1 (AnxA1) is an important endogenous glucocoticoid protein that contributes to the suppression of inflammation by limiting the production of neutrophil and pro‐inflammatory cytokines. This study aims to determine the clinical predictivity value of blood AnxA1 levels in patients with mild and severe–critical pneumonia induced by COVID‐19.
Heterogeneous Uptake of Gaseous N2O5by (NH4)2SO4, NH4HSO4, and H2SO4Aerosols

The heterogeneous uptake of gaseous N2O5 by ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2SO4], ammonium bisulfate [NH4HSO4], and sulfuric acid [H2SO4] aerosols as a function of relative humidity has been investigated at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Ammonium-containing aerosols were generated by a constant-output atomizer and conditioned by passing through a diffusion dryer. Sulfuric acid aerosols were produced by the homogeneous reaction of SO3 and H2O in a borosilicate vessel. Addition of a dry or wet N2 flow controlled the relative humidity (RH) of these aerosol flows. Using a chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS) for N2O5 concentration monitoring and a scanning mobility particle spectrometer (SMPS) for aerosol characterization, reaction probabilities (γ) in the range of 0.001 to 0.1 for the uptake of N2O5 were determined as a function of RH. The results are expressed as follows: γ[(NH4)2SO4] = 2.79 × 10-4 + 1.30 × 10-4 × (RH) − 3.43 × 10-6 × (RH)2 + 7.52 × 10-8 × (RH)3, γ[NH4HSO4] = 2.07 × 10-3 − 1.48.
Pretreatment intranetwork connectivity can predict the outcomes in idiopathic tinnitus patients treated with sound therapy

Previous studies demonstrated that brain morphological differences and distinct patterns of neural activation exist in tinnitus patients with different prognoses after sound therapy. This study aimed to explore possible differences in intrinsic network‐level functional connectivity (FC) in patients with different outcomes after sound therapy (narrow band noise). We examined intrinsic FC using resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging in 78 idiopathic tinnitus patients (including 35 effectively treated and 43 ineffectively treated) and 52 healthy controls (HCs) via independent component analysis. We also investigated the associations between the differences in FC and clinical variables. Analyses revealed significantly altered intranetwork connectivity in the auditory network (AUN) and some nonauditory‐related networks in the EG/IG patients compared to HCs; compared with EG patients, IG patients showed decreased intranetwork connectivity in the anterior default mode network (aDMN) and AUN. Meanwhile, robust differences were also evident in internetwork connectivity between some nonauditory‐related networks (salience network and executive control network; posterior default mode network and dorsal attention network) in the EG relative to IG patients. We combined intranetwork connectivity in the aDMN and AUN as an imaging indicator to evaluate patient outcomes and screen patients before treatment; this approach reached a sensitivity of 94.3% and a specificity of 76.7%. Our study suggests that tinnitus patients with different outcomes show distinct network‐level functional reorganization patterns. Intranetwork connectivity in the aDMN and AUN may be indicators that can be used to predict prognoses in patients with idiopathic tinnitus and screen patients before sound therapy.
Coping with Racial Discrimination with Collective Power: How Does Bonding and Bridging Social Capital Help Online and Offline?

Abstract Featuring an online experiment and content analysis of a research sample of 185 participants with different races/ethnicities, this study investigates how bridging and bonding capital online and offline (a) encourage targets of racial discrimination to seek support, (b) buffer targets’ emotional distress, and (c) facilitate assertive coping behaviors. Hierarchical regressions indicate individuals bridging with a wider range of interpersonal networks offline are more likely to seek support than those with fewer bridging ties. Online bonding helps buffer emotional distress when targets perceive the prejudiced acts encountered as less severe. Maintaining connections with diverse people offline also helps targets cope with racial discrimination assertively when the supportive messages received fail to fully validate their feelings. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Multicellular modeling of ciliopathy by combining iPS cells and microfluidic airway-on-a-chip technology

Combined induced pluripotent stem cells and airway-on-a-chip establish the global axis of planar cell polarity in patient-derived airway cell sheet. Modeling cilia Understanding the mechanisms mediating mucociliary clearance in lungs is critical for understanding and treating ciliary disfunctions. Here, Sone et al. developed an airway-on-a-chip system using human-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from healthy donors to study mucociliary flow. The authors show that fluid shear stress plays a major role in regulating the flow by regulating multicellular planar cell polarity and ciliogenesis. The airway-on-a-chip using iPSCs from two patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia replicated abnormal ciliary function, suggesting that the in vitro system developed here could be used to study ciliary dysfunction and for testing pharmacological targets. Mucociliary clearance is an essential lung function that facilitates the removal of inhaled pathogens and foreign matter unidirectionally from the airway tract and is innately achieved by coordinated ciliary beating of multiciliated cells. Should ciliary function become disturbed, mucus can accumulate in the airway causing subsequent obstruction and potentially recurrent pneumonia. However, it has been difficult to recapitulate unidirectional mucociliary flow using human-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in vitro and the mechanism governing the flow has not yet been elucidated, hampering the proper humanized airway disease modeling. Here, we combine human iPSCs and airway-on-a-chip technology, to demonstrate the effectiveness of fluid shear stress (FSS) for regulating the global axis of multicellular planar cell polarity (PCP), as well as inducing ciliogenesis, thereby contributing to quantifiable unidirectional mucociliary flow. Furthermore, we applied the findings to disease modeling of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), a genetic disease characterized by impaired mucociliary clearance. The application of an airway cell sheet derived from patient-derived iPSCs and their gene-edited counterparts, as well as genetic knockout iPSCs of PCD causative genes, made it possible to recapitulate the abnormal ciliary functions in organized PCP using the airway-on-a-chip. These findings suggest that the disease model of PCD developed here is a potential platform for making diagnoses and identifying therapeutic targets and that airway reconstruction therapy using mechanical stress to regulate PCP might have therapeutic value.
Achieving Health Equity by Addressing Legacies of Racial Violence in Public Health Practice

Health equity means that everyone, regardless of their abilities, economic status, or race/ethnicity, has the opportunity to reach their optimal level of health. However, the inequitable distribution of resources, power, and privilege in the United States means that historically marginalized communities bear a disproportionate burden of poor health and disease. The COVID-19 pandemic has compounded the problem for Black Americans: already bearing an unequal burden of social, economic, and health inequities and experiencing systemic racism in various sectors of American life, Black Americans have been at even greater risk of COVID-19 transmission and severity of the disease. I use critical race theory (CRT) to show how key social and historical factors fuel racial health inequities. Further, I use key tenets of CRT to argue that redressing historical legacies of racism cannot be done without using a critical, race conscious lens and lifting up the voices of Black people.
Legacies of Racial Violence: Clarifying and Addressing the Presence of the Past

Scholars increasingly agree that histories of racial violence relate to contemporary patterns of conflict and inequality, and growing interest exists among civic leaders in reckoning with these legacies today. This volume examines the contributions and limitations of scientific research on legacies of racial violence and suggests implications for policy, practice, and other forms of intervention aimed at redress.
Ind-AS Enforcement in India: An Assessment of Readiness, Benefits and Key Challenges

This study endeavours to recognize the preparedness, advantages and pitfalls associated with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) enforcement in India. The data have been complied using purposive sampling technique from 75 accounting individuals from diverse corporate sectors of India, and the research findings of the article convey that the whole accounting community is extremely positive about the advantages related to IFRS enforcement, but they too considered challenges a major roadblock towards smooth implementation. There are few studies available reporting the readiness towards this high-quality international accounting standards in India, which intrigued the authors to evaluate the readiness level in the country regarding IFRS-based Ind-AS. The current accounting system in India calls for extensive training in terms of IFRS technicalities, seminars and workshops on a large scale should be embarked upon by all educational institutions, accounting regulatory bodies, accounting professional organizations such as ICAI, KPMG and other accounting experts to impart and share knowledge about IFRS for a smooth enforcement of IFRS.
A chemiluminescence metalloimmunoassay for sensitive detection of alpha-fetoprotein in human serum using Fe-MIL-88B-NH2 as a label

ABSTRACT A new sensitive metalloimmunoassay using antibody labeled with metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) nanoparticles (NPs) for indirect but amplified chemiluminescence (CL) was developed for the detection of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in human serum. Fe-MIL-88B-NH2 NPs was prepared with a microwave-assisted synthesis approach in a facile manner, with NPs size of 50 ± 5 nm in length and 30 ± 5 nm in width. To accomplish the immunoassay of AFP, Fe-MIL-88B-NH2 NPs labeled anti-AFP was eventually dissolved in hydrochloric acid after binding with AFP for indirectly amplified signal through detection of Fe3+ by a luminol-H2O2 CL method. High selectivity from the immunoreaction and high sensitivity from the amplified CL were obtained for the proposed method, with a limit of detection (3 pg mL−1) better than those of AFP immunoassays using other methods and labeling agents including Fe-based NPs for other similar analytes. Human serum samples were analyzed for AFP by this method, with the analytical results in good agreement with those obtained by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
PEMANFAATAN IRADIASI GELOMBANG MIKRO UNTUK MEMAKSIMALKAN UNTUK PROSES PRETREATMENT DEGRADASI LIGNIN JERAMI PADI (pada produksi bioetanol)

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mempelajari pengaruh radiasi gelombang mikro microwave pada kandungan selulosa, hemiselulosa dan lignin jerami padi. Ukuran jerami padi yang digunakan adalah 20, 50 dan 100 mesh. 10 gram dari masing-masing ukuran dicampur dengan 100 ml NaOH 0.5 M dan selanjutnya dilakukan perlakuan paparan gelombang mikro frekuensi 2450 MHz, daya 950 Watt dengan variasi waktu 20,30 dan 40 menit. Kandungan selulosa, hemiselulosa dan lignin dianalisa dengan menggunakan metode Chesson dan dilalukan analisa mikro struktur menggunakan SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). Hasil telah menunjukkan bahwa kandungan selulosa meningkat dari 30.38% menjadi 72.70%, sementara kandungan lignin telah menurun dari 7.93% menjadi 3.66%. Analisa kandungan selulosa dengan metode Chesson menunjukkan bahwa nilai maksimumnya (72.70%) telah diperoleh pada pretreatment 40 menit dengan ukuran 100 mesh. Analisa pencitraan dengan SEM telah menunjukkan bahwa struktur molekul dari selulosa telah berubah, dan terjadi kerusakan kristal.
Which Index Should I Use? A Comparison of Indices for Enclosure Use Studies

Enclosure use assessments have gained popularity as one of the tools for animal welfare assessments and Post Occupancy Evaluations. There are now a plethora of studies and enclosure use indices available in published literature, and identification of the most appropriate index for each research question is often challenging. The benefits and limitations of four different enclosure use indices; Original and Modified Spread of Participation Index, Entropy, and Electivity Index were compared. Three artificial data sets were developed to represent the challenges commonly found in animal exhibits, and these indices were applied to these contrived enclosure settings. Three of the indices (Original SPI, Modified SPI, and Entropy) were used to assess a single measure of enclosure use variability. When zones within an exhibit were comparable in size, all three indices performed similarly. However, with less equal zone sizes, Modified SPI outperformed Original SPI and Entropy, suggesting that the Modified formula was more useful for assessing overall enclosure use variability under such conditions. Electivity Index assessed the use of individual zones, rather than the variability of use across the entire exhibit, and therefore could not be compared directly to the other three indices. This index is therefore most valuable for assessing individual resources, especially after exhibit modifications.