Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Proposed Protocols for Artificial Intelligence Imaging Database in Acute Stroke Imaging

Purpose To propose standardized and feasible imaging protocols for constructing artificial intelligence (AI) database in acute stroke by assessing the current practice at tertiary hospitals in South Korea and reviewing evolving AI models. Materials and Methods A nationwide survey on acute stroke imaging protocols was conducted using an electronic questionnaire sent to 43 registered tertiary hospitals between April and May 2021. Imaging protocols for endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in the early and late time windows and during follow-up were assessed. Clinical applications of AI techniques in stroke imaging and required sequences for developing AI models were reviewed. Standardized and feasible imaging protocols for data curation in acute stroke were proposed. Results There was considerable heterogeneity in the imaging protocols for EVT candidates in the early and late time windows and posterior circulation stroke. Computed tomography (CT)-based protocols were adopted by 70% (30/43), and acquisition of noncontrast CT, CT angiography and CT perfusion in a single session was most commonly performed (47%, 14/30) with the preference of multiphase (70%, 21/30) over single phase CT angiography. More hospitals performed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based protocols or additional MRI sequences in a late time window and posterior circulation stroke. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) were most commonly performed MRI sequences with considerable variation in performing other MRI sequences. AI models for diagnostic purposes required noncontrast CT, CT angiography and DWI while FLAIR, dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion, and T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) were additionally required for prognostic AI models. Conclusion Given considerable heterogeneity in acute stroke imaging protocols at tertiary hospitals in South Korea, standardized and feasible imaging protocols are required for constructing AI database in acute stroke. The essential sequences may be noncontrast CT, DWI, CT/MR angiography and CT/MR perfusion while FLAIR and T1WI may be additionally required.
A Fenton Approach to Aromatic Radical Cations and Diarylmethane Synthesis

Manipulating carbon-centered radicals to add to electron-deficient systems is a well-precedented process. By coupling the Fe(II)-mediated Fenton reaction with the Fe(III)-mediated single-electron oxidation of anisolic compounds, we demonstrate how electron-rich carbon-centered radicals can react with electron-rich arenes through a radical-polar cascade pathway. This bioinspired approach produces diarylmethane derivatives from simple unfunctionalized precursors.
New insights in the mechanisms of weight‐loss maintenance: Summary from a Pennington symposium

Obesity is a chronic disease that affects more than 650 million adults worldwide. Obesity not only is a significant health concern on its own, but predisposes to cardiometabolic comorbidities, including coronary heart disease, dyslipidemia, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and some cancers. Lifestyle interventions effectively promote weight loss of 5% to 10%, and pharmacological and surgical interventions even more, with some novel approved drugs inducing up to an average of 25% weight loss. Yet, maintaining weight loss over the long‐term remains extremely challenging, and subsequent weight gain is typical. The mechanisms underlying weight regain remain to be fully elucidated. The purpose of this Pennington Biomedical Scientific Symposium was to review and highlight the complex interplay between the physiological, behavioral, and environmental systems controlling energy intake and expenditure. Each of these contributions were further discussed in the context of weight‐loss maintenance, and systems‐level viewpoints were highlighted to interpret gaps in current approaches. The invited speakers built upon the science of obesity and weight loss to collectively propose future research directions that will aid in revealing the complicated mechanisms involved in the weight‐reduced state.
Characteristic Analyses on Environmental Parameters in Short-Term Severe Convective Weather in China

The characteristics of environmental parameters of severe short-term precipitation,large hail,severe thunderstorm winds and the co-existence convective weather in China are studied,based on the rainfall data from more than 2 000 national weather stations and part of the sounding data during 2002-2011.The conclusions are:(1) The following parameters,including the shape of stratification and dew curve,the temperature difference between 700 hPa and 500 hPa,the temperature difference between 850 hPa and 500 hPa,the height of 0 ℃,-20 ℃ and balance layer,the dew point temperature on the surface and at 1.5 km height,the temperature-dew point spread on 1.5 km height,the convective available potential energy(CAPE) and the vertical wind shear in 0~6 km,can be used to effectively distinguish the environmental background of the four types of severe convective weather. (2) Differences of the environmental background are relatively significant between the pure short-term heavy rain(including type I,II) and large hail and severe thunderstorm winds.Comparing with the latter,the former has smaller temperature difference between 700 hPa and 500 hPa,smaller temperature difference between 850 hPa and 500 hPa,weak vertical wind shear,relatively high altitude of 0 ℃,-20 ℃ and balance layer,larger dew point temperature on the surface and 1.5 km height.The type I(accounting for the majority of the short-term heavy rain),with its higher relative humidity at the whole layer,is obviously different from the others. (3) Co-existence severe weather is similar to the large hail weather and the severe thunderstorm wind weather,in the following aspects: The shape of stratification and dew curve,the value of CAPE and the 0~6 km vertical wind shear.There is an obvious dry layer at the middle troposphere and larger value of CAPE and shear.However,the co-existence weather has relatively high altitude of balance layer,larger dew point temperature on the surface and the 1.5 km height and smaller temperature difference between 850 hPa and 500 hPa.In these respects,the co-existence weather is closer to the pure short-term heavy precipitation.
The complex regional pain syndrome: Diagnosis and management strategies

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic disease that affects a limb following an injury or trauma. The CRPS associated with symptoms, including severe pain, swelling, as well as changes in skin color and temperature. Treatment of CRPS requires a multidisciplinary approach, with a focus on personalized treatment plans and addressing psychological factors. This review provides an overview of updates in the diagnosis and treatment of CRPS. There are clinical criteria for diagnosing CRPS, including persistent pain and swelling. The CRPS can also be diagnosed with imaging and laboratory tests. Novel insights into treatment approaches for CRPS have been gained from advances in understanding its pathophysiology. Treatment of CRPS includes both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. The latest guidelines for CRPS treatment emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and intervention, personalized treatment plans, and addressing psychological factors in managing CRPS.
Indigenization of Filipino: The Case of the Davao City Variety a

Filipino, the national lingua franca of the Philippines, is perceived as the Metro Manila Tagalog which has pervaded the entire country through media, local movies, and educational institutions. There are, however, emerging varieties of Filipino which deviate from the grammatical properties of Tagalog. These are influenced by non-Tagalog speakers whose native language competencies interfere with their usage of Filipino. These deviations from Tagalog are undeniably distinctive and are used by a significant segment of the non-Tagalog population in the country. The Filipino Variety of Davao City (FVD) is a case in point. Using as data actual language use –by people in the street and on cyberspace, this paper shows the indigenization of Filipino through linguistic description of FVD - its features, morphosyntax, and innovations and how they deviate from those of Tagalog. The indigenization of Filipino, an emergent phenomenon in the Philippine linguistic landscape, empowers non-Tagalog Filipino speakers to actively participate in its evolution, and to bring about the de-Tagalization of the evolving national language.
Dynamics of actomyosin filaments in the contractile ring revealed by ultrastructural analysis

Cytokinesis, the final process of cell division, involves the accumulation of actin and myosin II filaments at the cell's equator, forming a contractile ring that facilitates the division into two daughter cells. While light microscopy has provided valuable insights into the molecular mechanism of this process, it has limitations in examining individual filaments in vivo. In this study, we utilized transmission electron microscopy to observe actin and myosin II filaments in the contractile rings of dividing Dictyostelium cells. To synchronize cytokinesis, we developed a novel method that allowed us to visualize dividing cells undergoing cytokinesis with a frequency as high as 18%. This improvement enabled us to examine the lengths and alignments of individual filaments within the contractile rings. As the furrow constricted, the length of actin filaments gradually decreased. Moreover, both actin and myosin II filaments reoriented perpendicularly to the long axis during furrow constriction. Through experiments involving myosin II null cells, we discovered that myosin II plays a role in regulating both the lengths and alignments of actin filaments. Additionally, dynamin‐like protein A was found to contribute to regulating the length of actin filaments, while cortexillins were involved in regulating their alignment.
Elementary theory of bed‐sediment entrainment by debris flows and avalanches

[1] Analyses of mass and momentum exchange between a debris flow or avalanche and an underlying sediment layer aid interpretations and predictions of bed-sediment entrainment rates. A preliminary analysis assesses the behavior of a Coulomb slide block that entrains bed material as it descends a uniform slope. The analysis demonstrates that the block's momentum can grow unstably, even in the presence of limited entrainment efficiency. A more-detailed, depth-integrated continuum analysis of interacting, deformable bodies identifies mechanical controls on entrainment efficiency, and shows that entrainment rates satisfy a jump condition that involves shear-traction and velocity discontinuities at the flow-bed boundary. Explicit predictions of the entrainment rateEresult from making reasonable assumptions about flow velocity profiles and boundary shear tractions. For Coulomb-friction tractions, predicted entrainment rates are sensitive to pore fluid pressures that develop in bed sediment as it is overridden. In the simplest scenario the bed sediment liquefies completely, and the entrainment-rate equation reduces toE = 2μ1gh1 cos θ(1 − λ1)/ v¯1, where θ is the slope angle, μ1 is the flow's Coulomb friction coefficient, h1 is its thickness, λ1 is its degree of liquefaction, and v¯1is its depth-averaged velocity. For values ofλ1ranging from 0.5 to 0.8, this equation predicts entrainment rates consistent with rates of 0.05 to 0.1 m/s measured in large-scale debris-flow experiments in which wet sediment beds liquefied almost completely. The propensity for bed liquefaction depends on several factors, including sediment porosity, permeability, and thickness, and rates of compression and shear deformation that occur when beds are overridden.
Public participation to minimize waterborne diseases in Yom riverside communities

The objective of this study was to assess public participation in the implementation of simple measures taken to minimize waterborne disease in Yom riverside communities. The location of the study was the Srimsamrong district. From two sub-districts in the area, were the research team. They found that the cause of waterborne diseases in Yom riverside communities was a two step process: 1. Contamination of Yom river water with garbage and sewage from riverside communities and 2. drinking of contaminated water. The approach used to minimize waterborne disease in Yom riverside communities included: building simple sewage purification wells; providing buckets for toilets; creating garbage holes; sanctioning people who throw garbage into the river; withdrawing privilege from people who throw garbage into the river. The evaluation found that most of villagers were satisfied and expected positive changes. They thought this kind of strategy was easy to put into practice.
Transcriptomic and morphological maturation of human astrocytes in cerebral organoids

Cerebral organoids (CerOrgs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a valuable tool to study human astrocytes and their interaction with neurons and microglia. The timeline of astrocyte development and maturation in this model is currently unknown and this limits the value and applicability of the model. Therefore, we generated CerOrgs from three healthy individuals and assessed astrocyte maturation after 5, 11, 19, and 37 weeks in culture. At these four time points, the astrocyte lineage was isolated based on the expression of integrin subunit alpha 6 (ITGA6). Based on the transcriptome of the isolated ITGA6‐positive cells, astrocyte development started between 5 and 11 weeks in culture and astrocyte maturation commenced after 11 weeks in culture. After 19 weeks in culture, the ITGA6‐positive astrocytes had the highest expression of human mature astrocyte genes, and the predicted functional properties were related to brain homeostasis. After 37 weeks in culture, a subpopulation of ITGA6‐negative astrocytes appeared, highlighting the heterogeneity within the astrocytes. The morphology shifted from an elongated progenitor‐like morphology to the typical bushy astrocyte morphology. Based on the morphological properties, predicted functional properties, and the similarities with the human mature astrocyte transcriptome, we concluded that ITGA6‐positive astrocytes have developed optimally in 19‐week‐old CerOrgs.
A1 is induced by pathogen ligands to limit myeloid cell death and NLRP3 inflammasome activation

Programmed cell death pathways play an important role in innate immune responses to infection. Activation of intrinsic apoptosis promotes infected cell clearance; however, comparatively little is known about how this mode of cell death is regulated during infections and whether it can induce inflammation. Here, we identify that the pro‐survival BCL‐2 family member, A1, controls activation of the essential intrinsic apoptotic effectors BAX/BAK in macrophages and monocytes following bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) sensing. We show that, due to its tight transcriptional and post‐translational regulation, A1 acts as a molecular rheostat to regulate BAX/BAK‐dependent apoptosis and the subsequent NLRP3 inflammasome‐dependent and inflammasome‐independent maturation of the inflammatory cytokine IL‐1β. Furthermore, induction of A1 expression in inflammatory monocytes limits cell death modalities and IL‐1β activation triggered by Neisseria gonorrhoeae‐derived outer membrane vesicles (NOMVs). Consequently, A1‐deficient mice exhibit heightened IL‐1β production in response to NOMV injection. These findings reveal that bacteria can induce A1 expression to delay myeloid cell death and inflammatory responses, which has implications for the development of host‐directed antimicrobial therapeutics.
mantle plumes: The role of

The temperature increase across the thermal boundary layer at the base of the Earth's mantle (D") may be as high as 1000-1300oC, while the excess temperature of mantle plumes, inferred from petrological studies, is ca. 200-300oC. These two estimates are general.ly considered separately, although this should not be the case if plumes do originate from D". This paper investigates the evolution of plume excess temperature from the source region in the deep mantle to lithospheric depths. A finite element model in axisymmetric geometry is used to explore the effects of a number of model variables. The results show that if the source region is only a thermal boundary layer, the plume excess temperatures are unrealistically high, since entrainment of surrounding mantle does not cool significantly a large plume head rising through the mantle. I then investigate the role of a chemically denser layer at the base of D", considering a range of values for its thickness and excess density. The presence of a 30 km thick layer, 5% chemically denser than the surrounding mantle, buffers the excess temperature of plumes to plausible values. The results suggest that chemical
Establishment of Deep Ocean Circulation Driven by Deep-Water Production

Abstract A linear, two-layer baroclinic model of deep circulation driven by deep water production is formulated. In distinction to the Stommel-Arons model where a uniform middepth upwelling is prescribed, the present model determines upwelling internally by inclusion of a Newtonian damping term in the continuity equation. Analytical solutions for the steady state are derived using the equatorial beta-plane approximation, which show that the coefficient of damping in the upwelling term determines the nature of the flow. With a large damping coefficient, the deep western boundary current from the deep-water source region does not cross the equator, but rather separates along it. The current reaches the eastern boundary and then flows poleward in both hemispheres as an eastern boundary current. In the limit of very weak damping, the flow spins up to the Stommel-Arons state, with the western boundary current crossing the equator and with poleward flows in the interior. Numerical experiments on the spherical c.
Development Futures in the light of climate change: creating new insights into the past, the present and global futures.

Summary Current development planning and practice relating to climate change focus pragmatically on actions within a fairly narrow range of mitigation and adaptation options and opportunities. Climate change is one component of a complex of factors affecting global futures and ideas of ‘development’. Futures studies project enormous changes in technology, wealth, population and inequality over the next 50 years, which have not been taken into account when considering development futures or the implications of climate change (and which in turn have not necessarily incorporated considerations of the potential impacts of climate change). Two further areas are rarely considered by development practitioners and wider society: the (non) viability of existing models of development in the future (e.g. in the face of climate change), and the implications of emerging knowledge about human responses to major climatic shifts in the past for our understanding of future human development. Pragmatic tools are being developed to incorporate climate change into development planning, along with longer term strategic envisioning tools to enable development organisations to consider global futures. However, the question remains: can a globally coherent low carbon development pathway, or pathways, be generated and adopted, and how? 1. Introduction: why rethink approaches to development due to climate change?
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEPUASAN PELANGGAN PO. PURWO WIDODO DI SIDOHARJO, WONOGIRI

Tujuan penelitian: 1) Untuk mengetahui pengaruh variabel harga, fasilitas dan pelayanan secara bersama-sama dan secara parsial terhadap kepuasan pelanggan Bus PO. Purwo Widodo, 2) Untuk mengetahui variabel yang lebih dominan berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan pelanggan Bus PO. Purwo Widodo. Hipotesis dalam penelitian ini: 1) Diduga variabel harga, fasilitas dan peleyanan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan Bus PO. Purwo Widodo, 2) Diduga variabel pelayanan merupakan variabel yang memiliki pengaruh yang lebih dominan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan Bus PO. Purwo Widodo. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah para konsumen /pelanggan Bus PO. Purwo Widodo. Sampel yang akan diambil dan diteliti hadala berjumlah seratus orang pelanggan Bus PO. Purwo Widodo dengan pengambilan sampel secara non probability sampling dan teknik incidental sampling. Adapun alat analisis yang digunakan adalah: uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, uji asumsi klasik, analisis regresi berganda, uji t, uji F, dan koefisien determinasi (R2). Berdasarkan analisis data maka dapat disimpulkan: 1) Hasil analisis regresi dapat diketahui persamaannya : Y= 0,196 + 0,201X1 + 0,352X2 + 0,443X3, artinya bahwa variabel harga, fasilias dan pelayanan mempunyai pengaruh positif terhadap kepuasan konsumen /pelanggan Bus PO.Purwo Widodo, 2) Berdasar analisis uji t, didapatkan nilai thitung untuk harga sebesar 2,641 > ttabel (1,990), variabel fasilitas didapatkan thitung (4, 166) > (1,990), variabel pelayanan didapatkan thitung (5,609) > ttabel (1,990), artinya semakin semakin baik penetapan harga, fasilitas dan pelayanan yang diberikan maka semakin baik dan naik pula kepuasan konsumen dan variabel pelayanan merupakan variabel yang faktor yang dominan pengaruhnya. Uji t tersebut membuktikan bahwa hipotesis kedua (Ha2) terbukti kebenarannya, 3) Uji F diperoleh Fhitung > Ftabel ; 34,057 > 2,170 maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima. Hal ini berarti ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara variabel harga, fasilitas, dan pelayanan terhadap variabel kepuasan konsumen secara stimultan. Berarti hiotesis pertama (Ha1) terbukti kebenaranya, 4) Analisis koefisien determinasi (R2) sebesar 0,516 artinya bahwa 51,60 % variasi variabel kepuasan konsumen dapat dijelaskan oleh variabel harga, fasilitas dan pelayanan sedangkan sisanya yaitu 48,40 % tidak dijelaskan dalam penelitian ini, misalnya tempat yang strategis, jarak tempuh konsumen dengan agen bus, dan lain-lain. Kata Kunci: Harga, Fasilitas, Pelayanan, Kepuasan konsumen.
THE EFFECT OF Tithonia diversifolia (HEMSLEY) A. GRAY BIOMASS ON THE SOLUBILITY OF ROCK PHOSPHATES: A LABORATORY INCUBATION EXPERIMENT (EFECTO DE LA APLICACIÓN DE Tithonia diversifolia (HEMSLEY) A. GRAY EN LA SOLUBILIDAD DE ROCAS FOSFÓRICAS: EXPERIMENTO DE INCUBACIÓN DE LABORATORIO)

A 16-week laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of Tithonia diversifolia leaves on the dissolution of Minjingu (MPR) and Busumbu (BRP) rock phosphates in a Kenyan Oxisol. Triple superphosphate (TSP) fertilizer was included as a positive control. Soil samples were extracted with anion exchange resin (AER) and mixed anion-cation exchange resin (ACER) after 1, 7, 14, 28, 56 and 112 days to estimate plant available P. Soil P fractionation was carried out using solutions of 0.5M NaHCO3, 0.1M NaOH and 1M HCl. The highest mean AER-extractable P concentrations for BRP and MPR treatments were 6.0 and 20 mg kg respectively; while that of the TSP treatments was 24 mg kg. The AERextractable P concentrations were in the order TSP > MRP > BRP. The ACER-extractable P concentrations were higher than those of AER. Application of tithonia at 10 tons ha in combination with MPR caused a significant (P<0.05) depression in AER-extractable P. The TSP treatments had the highest NaHCO3-Pi and NaOH-Pi (labile and moderately labile inorganic P) fractions which ranged from 22 to 32% and 45 to 59% of total added P, respectively; followed by MPR treatment which had NaHCO3-Pi and NaOH-Pi fractions ranging from 13 to 22% and 26 to 34% of the total added P, respectively. Addition of tithonia decreased the NaHCO3-Pi and NaOH-Pi fractions from the MPR treatments by 2 to 8%. The RP treatments had the highest HCl-Pi (undissolved RP) fraction.