Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Endogenous and Exogenous Antioxidants in Skeletal Muscle Fatigue Development during Exercise

Muscle fatigue is defined as a decrease in maximal force or power generated in response to contractile activity, and it is a risk factor for the development of musculoskeletal injuries. One of the many stressors imposed on skeletal muscle through exercise is the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), which intensifies as a function of exercise intensity and duration. Exposure to ROS/RNS can affect Na+/K+-ATPase activity, intramyofibrillar calcium turnover and sensitivity, and actin–myosin kinetics to reduce muscle force production. On the other hand, low ROS/RNS concentrations can likely upregulate an array of cellular adaptative responses related to mitochondrial biogenesis, glucose transport and muscle hypertrophy. Consequently, growing evidence suggests that exogenous antioxidant supplementation might hamper exercise-engendering upregulation in the signaling pathways of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), peroxisome-proliferator activated co-activator 1α (PGC-1α), or mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Ultimately, both high (exercise-induced) and low (antioxidant intervention) ROS concentrations can trigger beneficial responses as long as they do not override the threshold range for redox balance. The mechanisms underlying the two faces of ROS/RNS in exercise, as well as the role of antioxidants in muscle fatigue, are presented in detail in this review.
Edge-Based Sender-Receiver Event-Triggered Schemes for Distributed Filtering

This paper investigates the distributed filtering problem for a class of nonlinear systems under edge-based event-triggered (ET) communication. A dynamic edge-based ET mechanism for the sender-receiver ET scheme is proposed. The triggering depends on the relative state information over the edge between the sender and receiver nodes. Compared with the existing synchronous transmission protocols, the sender-receiver ET scheme leads to a more flexible asynchronous communication model by utilizing edge-related triggering parameters. Moreover, this allows the receiver node to be privileged to receive or reject the incoming state information, which is more conducive to reducing the transmission of redundant state information from the sender. If the receiver’s privilege to reject information is not considered, the sender-receiver scheme is further simplified to the sender ET scheme. In the sender ET scheme, the triggering of an edge is only determined by the sender node of the corresponding edge. Both edge-based ET schemes are applied to a unified fully distributed filter design. It is proved that the estimation errors of the proposed distributed filtering algorithm under both schemes are exponentially bounded in the mean square. A simulation example concerning target tracking is given to demonstrate the validity of the main results.
Wave Propagation in the Magnetic Network on the Sun

Hasan et al. (2005) have recently presented 2-D dynamical calculations on wave propagation in in the magnetic network of the Sun. The latter is idealized as consisting of non-potential flux tubes in the quiet solar chromosphere. It is of interest to understand how the nature of wave propagation is influenced by the choice of initial equilibrium configuration of the magnetic field. We examine this by comparing the earlier calculations with those when the network is modelled as a potential structure. Our calculations demonstrate that the nature of the wave propagation is significantly different, particularly the transport of energy which for the potential case, occurs more isotropically than for the non-potential configuration.
Theory of the pressure–strain rate. Part 2. Diagonal elements

A theoretical calculation is made of (the diagonal elements of) pressure-strain-rate calculation ρ0−1〈p[∇u + (∇u)T]〉 for a simple turbulent shear flow. This calculation parallels a previous calculation of the off-diagonal element. The calculation is described as follows. (1) Beginning with the Navier-Stokes equation, an expression for the (diagonal) pressure-strain-rate term is derived analytically in terms of measurable quantities (velocity spectra) - this derivation makes use of a cumulant discard. (2) It is proved that, to lowest order in the spectral anisotropy, the diagonal pressure-strain-rate term is linearly proportional to the diagonal Reynolds-stress elements. (3) A formula is derived for the proportionality constants (Rotta constants) in terms of arbitrary spectra. (4) This formula is used to calculate theoretically the numerical value of Rotta's constant Cii for models of velocity spectra (the variation of Cii with variations of spectral shapes and of Reynolds number are also determined). (5) Deficiencies and limitations of Rotta's model are identified and discussed. It is found that Rotta's expression for 2ρ0−1〈p∂ui/∂i〉 is only valid for special spectra. Surprisingly large deviations of Rotta's expression from theory are found for a more complex spectra thought to be typical of simple shear flow. In addition, it is found that Cxz is intrinsically and quantitatively different from Cii because the latter depends importantly on the large-wavenumber part of the spectrum (the inertial subrange) whereas the former does not. The numerical ratio Czz/Cxz is calculated theoretically and shown to be about 2 for the zero-moment model. It is concluded that a linear term in the stress anisotropy as proposed by Rotta does not always exist. The deviation of Rotta's model from theory is understood by distinguishing between the spectral anisotropy and the stress anisotropy. For the zero-moment spectral model, where the Rotta relation is valid, it is found that Cii varies significantly with large Reynolds number but is rather insensitive to the large-wavelength part of the spectrum.
SrTi O 3 : An intrinsic quantum paraelectric below 4 K

The dielectric constants ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{〈110〉}$ and their change with uniaxial $〈1\overline{1}0〉$ stress in monodomain $〈001〉$SrTi${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ samples have been measured as a function of temperature. Between 4 K and 0.3 K these quantities are independent of temperature. In one sample $\ensuremath{\epsilon}(T)$ was measured to 0.035 K and found to be constant. This proves the quantum-mechanical stabilization of the paraelectric phase below 4 K with a very high dielectric constant $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$. The crossover from classical to quantum behavior on lowering the temperature is discussed, and it is shown that the coupling of the ferroelectric mode to acoustic ones is important. The $\ensuremath{\epsilon}(T)$ dependence is compared to earlier and recent theories. The former, yielding a coth ($\frac{\ensuremath{\hbar}\ensuremath{\Omega}}{\mathrm{kT}}$) term, are found to be inadequate for the crossover region. A recent biquadratic ferroelectric mode-coupling theory fits the data better.
Immunopathological Mechanisms Underlying Cardiac Damage in Chagas Disease

In Chagas disease, the mechanisms involved in cardiac damage are an active field of study. The factors underlying the evolution of lesions following infection by Trypanosoma cruzi and, in some cases, the persistence of its antigens and the host response, with the ensuing development of clinically observable cardiac damage, are analyzed in this review.
A Potential Biomarker for Predicting Schizophrenia: Metallothionein-1

It has been thought that oxidative damage may occur in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia; metallothioneins (MT) have strong antioxidant functions. In this study, we aimed to measure MT-1 levels in schizophrenia patients. A total of 52 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and 38 healthy controls were included in the study. Serum MT-1 concentrations were measured using the Human Metallothionein-1 ELISA Kit. In addition, Cu and Zn levels were measured. PANSS (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale) was used to determine the disease severity of patients with schizophrenia. The MT-1 levels of the schizophrenia group were lower than the MT-1 levels of the control group. When the correlation analyses were examined, a positive correlation was found between MT-1 and illness duration and Cu/Zn. A negative correlation was found between MT-1 levels and PANSS total scores and PANSS positive scores. In the regression analysis, it was seen that the decrease in MT-1 levels poses a risk for schizophrenia. It was observed that a decrease of 1 ng/mL in MT-1 levels increased the risk of schizophrenia 1.115 times. The low concentration of MT-1 is likely to cause a deficiency in antioxidant defense in patients with schizophrenia. MT-1 may be a useful biomarker for predicting schizophrenia.
Performance-Aware NILM Model Optimization for Edge Deployment

Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) describes the extraction of the individual consumption pattern of a domestic appliance from the aggregated household consumption. Nowadays, the NILM research focus is shifted towards practical NILM applications, such as edge deployment, to accelerate the transition towards a greener energy future. NILM applications at the edge eliminate privacy concerns and data transmission-related problems. However, edge resource restrictions pose additional challenges to NILM. NILM approaches are usually not designed to run on edge devices with limited computational capacity, and therefore model optimization is required for better resource management. Recent works have started investigating NILM model optimization, but they utilize compression approaches arbitrarily without considering the trade-off between model performance and computational cost. In this work, we present a NILM model optimization framework for edge deployment. The proposed edge optimization engine optimizes a NILM model for edge deployment depending on the edge device’s limitations and includes a novel performance-aware algorithm to reduce the model’s computational complexity. We validate our methodology on three edge application scenarios for four domestic appliances and four model architectures. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed optimization approach can lead up to a 36.3% average reduction of model computational complexity and a 75% reduction of storage requirements.
Analysis of Ranked Preference Data

This thesis is addressing theory on models for ranked preference data, based on paired comparisons. The three models,which will be in focus are Mallows-Bradley-Terry (MBT), Bradley-Terry-Luce (BTL) as presented in [Courcoux and Semenou(1997)], and a variation of the MBT model, where it is assumed that the number of times each ranking occurs in the data, is Poisson distributed in stead of polynomial distributed. The predominant body of the literature on the subject today is limited to a data analytical approach. Either applying the models in a concrete analysis of data, or presenting a theoretic description of how to use the models in the readers forthcoming practical application. This thesis will in contrast to the existing literature on the subject provide the reader with a thorough description of the models all from the psychophysical idea to the mathematical formulation of the model and the model inference, in a theoretical and strict mathematical way. The data analytical approach in the existing literature might be the reason why an introductory description of theoretical comparison of the models is missing. This comparison will be made in this thesis. The attention will especially be on the restraining factors for the ability to describe ranking preference data, and the possibilities for writing them as Generalized Linear Models (GLM), to be able to derive Maximum Likelihood estimates through an Iterative Reweighted Least Squares (IRLS) algorithm. For practical approaches a very relevant extension of the ranking models is the extension to handle panel segmentations.Therefore this work will in the last chapters turn the focus to Latent Class Models (LC), which can handle the presence of unobserved segmentation of the consumers. Like other mixture models the inference from the latent class models will happen iteratively by using an Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm. Through the thesis illustrative and relevant tests are made on simple test data, to assist the theoretical descriptions. In a separate chapter some more realistic ranked preference data from the Danish audioand videoproducer, Bang & Olufsen (B&O) is analyzed.
Unitary highest weight representations of noncompact supergroups

The oscillator method for the construction of unitary highest (or lowest) weight representations of noncompact groups and supergroups is generalized. Within this generalization, the method yields unitary highest weight representations of all simple supergroups whose even subgroups are in the form of a direct product of a compact group with a simple noncompact group. The method is illustrated by studying in detail the unitary highest weight representations of the supergroup OSp (2n+1/2m,R). The generalized supercoherent states associated with these unitary representations are also defined.
The analysis of effects and theories for electromagnetic hydrodynamics propulsion by surface

The electromagnetic hydrodynamics(EMHD) propulsion by surface is performed through the reaction of electromagnetic body force, which is induced in conductive flow fluid (such as seawater, plasma and so on) around the propulsion unit. Based on the basic governing equations of electromagnetic field and hydrodynamics, by numerical simulations obtained by the finite volume method, the characteristics of flow field structures near the navigating and the strength variation of propulsion force are investigated at varying positions (the angle of attack). The results show that surface electromagnetic body force can modify the structure and the input energy of flow boundary layer, which enables the navigation to obtain the thrust. With the increase of interaction parameter the effect of viscous resistance and pressure drag to navigating decrease and the nonlinear relationship between propulsion coefficient and interaction parameter tends to be linear gradually. The strength of propulsion force depends mainly on the electromagnetic body force. The lift force can be improved effectively through the EMHD propulsion by surface at an angle of attack for navigating. The navigating surface can be designed as working space of propulsion units, which is of certain significance for optimizing the whole struction and improving the efficiency.
The evaluation of general non‐centred orthant probabilities

Summary. The evaluation of the cumulative distribution function of a multivariate normal distribution is considered. The multivariate normal distribution can have any positive definite correlation matrix and any mean vector. The approach taken has two stages. In the first stage, it is shown how non‐centred orthoscheme probabilities can be evaluated by using a recursive integration method. In the second stage, some ideas of Schläfli and Abrahamson are extended to show that any non‐centred orthant probability can be expressed as differences between at most (m−1)! non‐centred orthoscheme probabilities. This approach allows an accurate evaluation of many multivariate normal probabilities which have important applications in statistical practice.
The Natural Spread and Tumbling of the Shaped Charge Jet Segments

The collapse mechanism of the shaped charge jet prevents the formation of a jet, the segments of which move in a straight line with absolute accuracy, even under the assumption that the shaped charge is ideally symmetrical. This is a result of the fact that the jet break-up mechanism already starts at the collapse stage, in which the liner material has a big transversal velocity component. A model for calculating the distribution of the angle by which the jet segments' direction of movement deviates from the shaped charge axis of symmetry (the spread angle) is presented in detail. The tumbling frequency of the segments as a function of their velocity and final length is also predicted by the theory. The predictions made by applying the model to the standard 83.8 mm 42 degrees opening angle B.R. L. precision shaped charge were found to be consistent with the data published in open literature. The comparison of these predictions with the data leads also to the conclusion that the cutoff in the copper jet penetration into steel targets occurs when the jet segments start to hit the walls of the already formed hole instead of reaching its bottom without being disturbed on their way.
All-Metal Phased Array With Full Polarization Reconfigurability

An all-metal phased array with full polarization reconfigurability is presented in this article. Septum polarizers as phased array elements are first used to achieve left-handed and right-handed circular polarizations (LHCP and RHCP), and arbitrary linear polarizations (LPs) can be further synthesized. Two pairs of metal ridges are loaded into the septum polarizer to reduce the profile and aperture size so that the spacing between the two adjacent array elements can be constrained to about half of the free-space wavelength at the center operating frequency. Phased arrays of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 8 and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$8\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 8 elements covering 25.5–27 GHz are designed to demonstrate the 1-D and 2-D beam scanning performance with different polarizations. For demonstration, the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 8 element phased array is implemented. Experimental results show that the array exhibits stable beam scanning performance for both circular polarizations (CPs) and LPs. The synthesized beam scanning range is up to ±55° with a gain-reduction of 4.7 dB for all polarizations. Under beam scanning, the axial ratio (AR) remains below 3.1 dB for the LHCP and RHCP, and the maximum gain variation during polarization reconfiguration is less than 0.8 dB.
Prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with COPD through different musculature measurements: An updated meta-analysis and meta-regression

Aim Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients vary widely in terms of the prevalence of sarcopenia, which is partially attributed to differences in diagnostic criteria and disease severity. There are several different musculature measurements that are used to quantify sarcopenia. This study included published literature for meta-analysis to assess the sarcopenia prevalence in COPD patients and correlate the disease with the clinical characteristics of such patients. Methods A comprehensive review of the English and Chinese literature on sarcopenia prevalence in COPD patients was conducted using electronic databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, and Wanfang. Two researchers analyzed the studies for Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The software Stata 11.0 was employed for the analysis of the acquired data. The standard mean differences method was utilized for the estimation and quantification of the effect size. Furthermore, a fixed- or random-effects model was employed for conducting a combined analysis. Results In total, 56 studies were included as per the specific inclusion criteria. The resulting data of the assessed COPD patients in this research indicated a 27% prevalence of sarcopenia. Further analysis of subgroups was executed per disease severity, ethnicity, diagnostic criteria, gender, and age. Per these findings, increased disease severity elevated the prevalence of sarcopenia. The Latin American and Caucasian populations indicated an increased prevalence of sarcopenia. In addition, the prevalence of sarcopenia was related to diagnostic criteria and definition. Male COPD patients had a higher prevalence of sarcopenia than female COPD patients. COPD patients with an average age greater than 65 had a slightly higher prevalence of sarcopenia. COPD patients with comorbid sarcopenia had poorer pulmonary function, activity tolerance, and clinical symptoms than patients with COPD alone. Conclusion Sarcopenia prevalence is high (27%) in COPD patients. In addition, these patients had worse pulmonary function and activity tolerance compared to patients without sarcopenia. Systematic review registration https://www.crd. york.ac. uk/prospero/display_record. php? RecordID=367422, identifier CRD42022367422.
Gendered Awareness of Pig and Poultry Farmers on the Potential of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Farming in Kenya

Given the need to boost food production while guaranteeing environmental sustainability, the black soldier fly (BSF) (Hermetia illucens (L.), Diptera: Stratiomyidae) is gaining traction worldwide as an alternative protein source. In Kenya, BSF production and its use as a feed component is an emerging business, but farmer awareness of the potential use of BSF in animal feed has received limited attention. This study examined the factors influencing farmer awareness of insect farming and its usefulness as ingredient in livestock feed from a gender perspective. The analysis employed a mixed-methods approach by combining binary logistic regression analysis using cross-sectional survey data from a sub-sample of 235 pig and poultry farmers and content analysis from in-depth phone interviews. The study was implemented in Kiambu County, Kenya. About 44% of the farmers were aware of the use of black soldier fly in the animal feed industry, of which 46.72% were female, and 41.59% were male. From the results, years of education, the number of chickens owned, and membership in agricultural groups significantly influenced male and female farmers’ awareness. In addition, age and the number of pigs owned significantly influenced female farmers’ awareness. The results suggest that these factors are important to consider when strategies are developed to create awareness of BSF farming. Lessons learned from this study will inform BSF dissemination strategies to better target potential men and women BSF producers, influence their decision-making ability and improve information flows between scientists and producers.
A Reassessment of the Percentage of Tornadic Mesocyclones

Abstract A large set of data collected by numerous Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) units around the United States was analyzed to reassess the percentage of tornadic mesocyclones. Out of the 5322 individual mesocyclone detections that satisfied the relatively stringent WSR-88D Mesocyclone Detection Algorithm objective criteria, only 26% were associated with tornadoes. In terms of height or altitude of mesocyclone base, 15% of midaltitude mesocyclone detections were tornadic, and more than 40% of low-altitude mesocyclone detections (e.g., those with bases ≤ 1000 m above radar level) were tornadic. These results confirm that a low-altitude mesocyclone is much more likely to be associated with a tornado than is a midaltitude mesocyclone, and more generally, that the percentage of tornadic mesocyclones is indeed lower than previously thought.