Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anthelmintic agents: vermicide and vermifuge

Helminthiasis is also known as worm infection, is any macroparastic disease of humans and other animals in which a part of the body is infected with parasitic worms known as helminths. Anthelmintic agents are medicines that used for treatment and inhibition of parasitic infections caused by helminths; which involve both flat worms, such as, flukes and tapeworms and round worms, such as, nematodes. Anthelmintics are categorized into groups depending on the basis of their identical chemical structure and mode of action. Thiabendazole, mebendazole, and albendazole belong to benzimidazoles group of antihelmenthic medicines. From benzimidazoles group of antihelmenthic, thiabendazole was first discovered in 1961 and already a mentioned number of more benzamidazoles were interpolated as wide spectrum anthelmintics. Praziquantel has a particular effect on the enveloping layer of trematodes and increases permeability of calcium ion influx leading to uncontrolled muscle contraction and paralysis. Praziquantel has a particular toxic effect on schistosome parasites, where its mode of action has been resulted more extensively than in cestodes. Coadministration of mebendazole with CYP450 inhibitors medications such as cimetidine, ketoconazole and etc may be increases plasma levels of mebendazole, by extending the half-life and decreasing plasma clearance.
A Deep Domain-Adversarial Transfer Fault Diagnosis Method for Rolling Bearing Based on Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition

In recent years, the deep learning-based fault diagnosis methods for rotating mechanical equipment have attracted great concern. However, because the data feature distributions present differences in applications with varying working conditions, the deep learning models cannot provide satisfactory performance of fault prediction in such scenarios. To address this problem, this paper proposes a domain adversarial-based rolling bearing fault transfer diagnosis model EMBRNDNMD. First of all, an EEMD-based time-frequency feature graph (EEMD-TFFG) construction method is proposed, and the time-frequency information of nonlinear nonstationary vibration signal is extracted; secondly, a multi-branch ResNet (MBRN) structure is designed, which is used to extract deep features representing the bearing state from EEMD-TFFG; finally, to solve the model domain adaptation transfer problem under varying working conditions, the adversarial network module and MK-MMD distribution difference evaluation method are introduced to optimize MBRN, so as to reduce the probability distribution difference between the deep features of source domain and target domain, and to improve the accuracy of EMBRNDNMD in state diagnosis of target domain. The results of experiments carried out on two bearing fault test platforms prove that EMBRNDNMD can maintain an average accuracy above 97% in fault transfer diagnosis tasks, and this method also has high stability and strong ability of scene adaptation.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Current Progresses and Challenges

The rising global prevalence of metabolic diseases has increased the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), leading to an increase in cases of NAFLD-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To provide an updated literature review detailing epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenic pathways, and treatment strategies linked to NAFLD-related HCC, we conducted a literature search on PubMed from its inception to December 31, 2021. About 25% of the global population suffers from NAFLD. The annual incidence of HCC among NAFLD patients is approximately 1.8 per 1,000 person-years. Older age, male sex, metabolic comorbidities, unhealthy lifestyle habits (such as smoking and alcohol consumption), physical inactivity, genetic susceptibility, liver fibrosis, and degree of cirrhosis in NAFLD patients are important risk factors for NAFLD-related HCC. Therefore, low-calorie diet, moderate-intensity exercise, treatment of metabolic comorbidities, and cessation of smoking and alcohol are the main measures to prevent NAFLD-related HCC. In addition, all patients with advanced NAFLD-related fibrosis or cirrhosis should be screened for HCC. Immune suppression disorders and changes in the liver microenvironment may be the main pathogenesis of NAFLD-related HCC. Hepatic resection, liver transplantation, ablation, transarterial chemoembolization, radiotherapy, targeted drugs, and immune checkpoint inhibitors are used to treat NAFLD-related HCC. Lenvatinib treatment may lead to better overall survival, while immune checkpoint inhibitors may lead to worse overall survival. Given the specific risk factors for NAFLD-related HCC, primary prevention is key. Moreover, the same treatment may differ substantially in efficacy against NAFLD-related HCC than against HCC of other etiologies.
Penggunaan Group Whatsapp dalam Pengurusan Sahsiah dan Aktiviti Pelajar di Kolej Kediaman: Emosi, Kelakuan, Norma

Media sosial kian mendapat tempat dalam kalangan warga negara ini malah juga penduduk seantero dunia. Ia berfungsi sebagai mediaum yang dapat menghubungkan seseorang dengan seseorang atau kumpulan manusia lain pada satu-satu masa dengan tujuan yang tertentu. Pilihan untuk memuat naik maklumat, pendapat, gambar dan bahan multimedia menjadikan media sosial seperti Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Whatsapp dan Wechat berguna dan sudah tentu memudahkan urusan perkongsian maklumat dalam kalangan ahli-ahli komuniti yang menggunakan teknologi media sosial tersebut. Justeru, Model Tetingkap EKNI (TtEKNI) digunakan oleh penyelidik untuk menzahirkan gambaran aktiviti wacana di group whatsapp yang dijayakan oleh admin yang berkenaan dan ahli-ahli group whatsapp yang berkenaan. TtEKNI dapat memberikan gambaran tentang aktiviti wacana dari sudut maklumat tentang bingkai pendapat individu terutama tentang ciri-ciri pendapat dari sudut corak dan aliran, tona negatif dan positif serta istilah yang mengaitkan pihak pengurusan kolej, organisasi pelajar di kolej kediaman dan pelajar-pelajar yang menghuni kolej kediaman yang berkenaan. Model EKNI atau TtEKNI dapat merumuskan sikap, kelakuan dan kepercayaan ahli-ahli dalam lima group whatsapp terhadap mesej berkaitan sahsiah dan aktiviti pelajar dalam satu-satu perbualan di group whatsapp yang dikaji. Dapatan kajian ini menjelaskan bahawa, maklumat yang dikongsi dan diproses seterusnya diberikan maklumbalas oleh warga kolej kediaman Excellence (E) menerusi lima group whatsapp telah memberikan impak yang positif kepada rangka kerja pengurusan kolej kediaman ini secara keseluruhan.
Olfactory Strategies in the Defensive Behaviour of Insects

Simple Summary Insects have several methods to protect themselves and their resources from danger. One of them is to use their sense of smell. In this review, we describe how insects use smell to detect threats and perform behaviours of ‘flight or fight’ such as avoidance, escape or attack, in order to protect themselves. We also discuss how group-living insects share the information of danger through semiochemicals called alarm pheromones, to act as a collective. In the second section of this paper, we review how these odours are processed in insect brains. We discuss how the two kinds of neural architectures observed in olfactory areas, labelled-lines and across-fiber patterns, support the processing of alarm pheromones. Finally, we give an outlook on potential future studies that will help us understand this field better. Abstract Most animals must defend themselves in order to survive. Defensive behaviour includes detecting predators or intruders, avoiding them by staying low-key or escaping or deterring them away by means of aggressive behaviour, i.e., attacking them. Responses vary across insect species, ranging from individual responses to coordinated group attacks in group-living species. Among different modalities of sensory perception, insects predominantly use the sense of smell to detect predators, intruders, and other threats. Furthermore, social insects, such as honeybees and ants, communicate about danger by means of alarm pheromones. In this review, we focus on how olfaction is put to use by insects in defensive behaviour. We review the knowledge of how chemical signals such as the alarm pheromone are processed in the insect brain. We further discuss future studies for understanding defensive behaviour and the role of olfaction.
Feasibility of Enhancing Skin Permeability of Acyclovir through Sterile Topical Lyophilized Wafer on Self-Dissolving Microneedle-Treated Skin

Acyclovir is an antiviral drug that is frequently prescribed for the herpes virus. However, the drug requires frequent dosing due to limited bioavailability (10–26.7%). The rationale of the present study was to develop a self-dissolving microneedle system for local and systemic delivery of acyclovir using a topical lyophilized wafer on microneedle-treated skin to provide the drug at the site of infection. The microneedles prepared with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) (8% w/w) or HPMC (8% w/w)-polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) (30% w/w) penetrated excised rat skin, showing sufficient mechanical strength and rapid polymer dissolution. The topical wafer was prepared with acyclovir (40% w/w; equivalent to 200 mg of drug), gelatin (10% w/w), mannitol (5% w/w), and sodium chloride (5% w/w). The uniform distribution of acyclovir within the wafer in an amorphous form was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). No polymer–drug interaction was evident in the lyophilized wafer as per Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The wafer showed a sufficiently porous structure for rapid hydration as per scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. During ex-vivo analysis, the skin was pre-treated with a self-dissolving microneedle array for 5 minutes, and the wafer was placed on this microporated-skin. Topical wafer provided ∼7–11 times higher skin concentration than the ID99 reported with a lower lag-time. Based on in-vivo testing, ∼2.58 µg/ml of Cmax was achieved in rabbit plasma during 24 hours’ study. Our findings suggest that the self-dissolving microneedle-assisted topical wafer, proposed for the first time, would be efficacious against the infection residing in the skin layer and for systemic therapy.
Phishing detection using distributed bayesian additive regression trees

Phishing is regarded as the 21st century identity theft. Monetary losses related to phishing attacks have escalated in recent years. Even though there are several solutions implemented for detection and prevention of phishing attacks, they all suffer from unacceptable levels of false positives or miss detection. Furthermore, because of the ubiquity of portable and wireless devices, many users are using blackberries, PDAs, or even cell phones to access their bank accounts and store sensitive personal data. Phishing attacks can easily take advantage of the limited or lack of security and defense applications in these devices. Evidently, SMS (short message service) phishing, dubbed as SMishing, and VoIP (voice over IP) phishing, dubbed as Vishing, have become two emerging phishing attacks targeting mobile users recently. The present study proposes distributed architectures based on machine learning approaches to detect phishing emails in a mobile environment. First, we elucidate the limitations of current anti-phishing solutions, namely anti-phishing security toolbars and phishing filters. We demonstrate local DNS poisoning attacks in wireless access points to circumvent such applications and provide victims with false misleading information about the legitimacy of phishing sites. As a solution, we propose a machine learning approach to predict phishing emails based on a modified version of Bayesian Additive Regression Trees (BART). BART suffers from heavy overhead due to its Bayesian property. To overcome this overhead, we propose distributed client-server architectures that are suitable for resource constrained wireless environments. The proposed architectures improve the detection accuracy at the client level and conceal the overhead associated with BART at the server level. Finally, we present an implementation of these architectures as a proof of concept.
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are produced from physiologically biocompatible lipids. They have been proven to improve solubility, cellular uptake, and stability, reduce enzyme degradation, and prolong the circulation time of various drugs. SLNs have been applied in the oral, parenteral, transdermal, intranasal, ocular, and pulmonary drug delivery of different drugs, with enhanced safety, bioavailability, and overall therapeutic effects. In this entry, the authors summarize the primary features of SLNs, methods to prepare SLNs, and recent applications of SLNs in drug delivery. Owing to their advantages, SLNs are potential drug delivery systems to improve the management of various diseases and will, soon, be available for clinical use.
Phytotherapy in Integrative Oncology—An Update of Promising Treatment Options

Modern phytotherapy is part of today’s conventional evidence-based medicine and the use of phytopharmaceuticals in integrative oncology is becoming increasingly popular. Approximately 40% of users of such phytopharmaceuticals are tumour patients. The present review provides an overview of the most important plants and nature-based compounds used in integrative oncology and illustrates their pharmacological potential in preclinical and clinical settings. A selection of promising anti-tumour plants and ingredients was made on the basis of scientific evidence and therapeutic practical relevance and included Boswellia, gingko, ginseng, ginger, and curcumin. In addition to these nominees, there is a large number of other interesting plants and plant ingredients that can be considered for the treatment of cancer diseases or for the treatment of tumour or tumour therapy-associated symptoms. Side effects and interactions are included in the discussion. However, with the regular and intended use of phytopharmaceuticals, the occurrence of adverse side effects is rather rare. Overall, the use of defined phytopharmaceuticals is recommended in the context of a rational integrative oncology approach.
The Use of Machine Learning Algorithms and the Mass Spectrometry Lipidomic Profile of Serum for the Evaluation of Tacrolimus Exposure and Toxicity in Kidney Transplant Recipients

Tacrolimus has a narrow therapeutic window; a whole-blood trough target concentration of between 5 and 8 ng/mL is considered a safe level for stable kidney transplant recipients. Tacrolimus serum levels must be closely monitored to obtain a balance between maximizing efficacy and minimizing dose-related toxic effects. Currently, there is no specific tacrolimus toxicity biomarker except a graft biopsy. Our study aimed to identify specific serum metabolites correlated with tacrolinemia levels using serum high-precision liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and standard laboratory evaluation. Three machine learning algorithms were used (Naïve Bayes, logistic regression, and Random Forest) in 19 patients with high tacrolinemia (8 ng/mL) and 23 patients with low tacrolinemia (5 ng/mL). Using a selected panel of five lipid metabolites (phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, arachidyl palmitoleate, and ceramide), Mg2+, and uric acid, all three machine learning algorithms yielded excellent classification accuracies between the two groups. The highest classification accuracy was obtained by Naïve Bayes, with an area under the curve of 0.799 and a classification accuracy of 0.756. Our results show that using our identified five lipid metabolites combined with Mg2+ and uric acid serum levels may provide a novel tool for diagnosing tacrolimus toxicity in kidney transplant recipients. Further validation with targeted MS and biopsy-proven TAC toxicity is needed.
Barriers to the green retrofitting of existing residential buildings

Purpose This study aims to examine the challenges for green retrofitting implementation in existing residential buildings to lower the running cost and achieve a better energy-efficient system. Design/methodology/approach This study adopted a qualitative approach by interviewing conveniently selected 16 construction professionals, made up of architects, quantity surveyors and engineers. Data received were analysed using the content analysis method. Findings The findings revealed that the main barriers to incorporating green retrofitting in the existing residential buildings as the nature of the existing structures, limited knowledge, not being a priority and high costs involved in the process. Moreover, other factors influencing property developers’ decision to apply energy-efficient principles in a residential home include cost (initial capital and maintenance), level of knowledge, nature of the climate in the area, local legislation, more independence and increasing the property’s market value and environmental aspect. Research limitations/implications This study is limited to South Africa; thus, the literature available was limited. Practical implications People’s perceptions, either wrong or correct, affect their ability to make an informed decision to adopt green retrofitting principles, thereby denying them the opportunity to reap the associated benefits. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the construction industry stakeholders and government to increase educational opportunities for property owners on the importance of green retrofitting. Originality/value This study provides the occupants with the possible barriers and problem areas with implementing these principles. They will thus make an informed decision when implementing sustainable design methods.
Modellierung des Absetzverhaltens und der Transportprozesse von belebtem Schlamm in Nachklärbecken : Erfahrungen beim Einsatz eines Kunstschlammes aus Polysulfon

There is still an enormous lack of knowledge with regard to the settling behaviour and the transportation processes of activated sludge in secondary settlement tanks (SST). Within a project funded by the DFG (German Research Foundation) the Institute for Environmental Engineering of Aachen University (ISA) performed extensive examinations using artificial sludge as substitute for activated sludge in a pilot-scale physical model of a rectangular SST (scale 1:10). Flanked by numerous viscosity measurements the long-term use of Polysulfone sludge proved applicable to reproduce typical streaming conditions within a SST. Provided that a certain particle size distribution is used the Polysulfone sludge shows a very good conformity with regard to material characteristics of activated sludge. Thus, in view of typical requirements of research projects Polysulfone sludge can be recommended as an appropriate substitute for activated sludge.
Neighbours consistently influence tree growth and survival in a frequently burned open oak landscape

Successful management of fire‐prone woody ecosystems is challenging and requires knowledge of the spatial arrangement of the trees and how the tree distribution patterns influence the nature and consequences of subsequent fires. In open tree landscapes, trees are often aggregated, and the ability of trees within the clumps to survive fires plays a significant role in determining subsequent landscape dynamics. If positive interactions exist among neighbouring trees, this will help maintain the patterns of clumped trees. However, the tree‐aggregated landscape will continue to exist only if the positive neighbour interactions persist consistently over time. In cases where disturbances are episodic, detecting these interactions is only possible through long‐term studies. Data reported here are from a 25‐year study involving the annual tree censusing of a large grid‐plot in a frequently burned open oak landscape dominated by Quercus macrocarpa and Quercus ellipsoidallis. The results showed that while having neighbours reduced tree growth, neighbours consistently facilitated survival, irrespective as to whether the neighbours were conspecifics or heterospecifics. Trees of all sizes in close proximity to neighbours were considerably more likely to survive fire throughout the study. This neighbour facilitation is likely the result of a reduction of both herbaceous and woody fuel within clumps. Synthesis. This is the first study to document consistent neighbour facilitation among trees experiencing repeated stressors over an extended time period. Our findings support the literature documenting positive neighbour effects among plants in stressful and highly disturbed environments, in accordance with the stress‐gradient hypothesis. While aggregated tree regeneration is typically viewed as the primary cause for the development of tree clumps in fire‐prone ecosystems, our study showed that aggregated tree survival, by itself, can also be an important driver of post‐fire tree clumping. Our results support the growing literature emphasizing the importance of landscape heterogeneity as a driver of resilience in fire‐prone tree ecosystems, and the value of maintaining or creating this heterogeneity during forest management.
Second development of improved Burgers creep damage constitutive model of rock based on FLAC~(3D)

Time-dependent deformation behavior of rock has a significant impact on the stability of rock slopes or underground constructions,and more and more attention is paid to the rheology of rock. However,most rock rheological constitutive models supplied by FEM software have specific usage,and the requirement of engineering numerical analysis can not be satisfied. In this paper,the deterioration effect of the rock parameters is considered and an improved Burgers creep damage constitutive model with variable parameters is established. In this model,the creep parameters of the rock deteriorate with time gradually that makes up the defect of rheology models in FLAC3D. Based on the second development program interface of FLAC3D Version 2.1 software,the basic principle of the second development program for the creep damage is analyzed. The program flow diagram on the special execution of this rheological model and several case techniques that should be taken into account in the process of code compiling are given. Several degradation modes of this model are introduced; and visco-elasticity,plasticity and damage mechanical characters are got through a numerical example. The influence of damage parameters on creep curve is analyzed; and the approach to verify the right and credibility of the second development program compiling is proposed. The second development environment is more friendly and effective with the support of object-oriented approach. Therefore,proposed design mode can bring forward references for the second development of other rheological models.