Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Floral Resources Used by the Endangered Rusty Patched Bumble Bee (Bombus affinis) in the Midwestern United States

ABSTRACT The once-common rusty patched bumble bee (RPBB, Bombus affinis) has disappeared from most of its original range in eastern North America. As a result of this dramatic population decline, RPBB was listed as federally endangered in 2017. Unlike many endangered species, remnant populations of the RPBB often occur in urban/suburban parks and natural areas. This paper summarizes photographic records of RPBB floral use collected largely by volunteer community scientists in the midwestern United States, with a focus on Wisconsin, one of the species' remaining strongholds. RPBB were documented in 37 of Wisconsin's 72 counties. We identified flowers to genus in 772 of 803 digital images (some bees were not on flowers). Although 87 plant genera were identified, 76% of the flowers represented just 13 genera. Over half of the flower records (54.6%) were from Monarda, Eutrochium, Veronicastrum, Agastache, or Solidago. Incidental surveys from other states show a similar pattern, although additional genera have been shown to be used by RPBB. Our results support existing recommendations for plantings and habitat management favoring specific plant species, generally associated with native grasslands and savannas. Because the active period of RPBB covers a large part of the growing season, however, we also provide evidence for the importance of spring ephemeral woodland wildflowers (e.g., Dicentra, Anemone, Hydrophyllum) and late-flowering species of wetlands and wet meadows (e.g., Eutrochium, Eupatorium). A landscape that includes woodland, native grassland, and wet meadows provides floral resources that support all RPBB life history stages, including early-season queens, late-season gynes, and males.
Self-biased current, magnetic interference response, and superconducting vortices in tilted Weyl semimetals with disorder

We have generalized a quasiclassical model for Weyl semimetals with a tilted band in the presence of an externally applied magnetic field. This model is applicable to ballistic, moderately disordered, and samples containing a high density of nonmagnetic impurities. We employ this formalism and show that a self-biased supercurrent, creating a {\phi}0-junction, can flow through a triplet channel in Weyl semimetals. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that multiple supercurrent reversals are accessible through varying junction thickness and parameters characterizing Weyl semimetals. We discuss the influence of different parameters on the Fraunhofer response of charge supercurrent, and how these parameters are capable of shifting the locations of proximity-induced vortices in the triplet channel.
Radiometric measurements for characterizing single photon avalanche diodes

The photon detection efficiencies (PDE) of single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) are investigated for practical applications such as LiDAR, time-of-flight 3D imaging, fluorescence microscopy, etc. After finding the dark count rate (DCR), radiation from a blackbody source is introduced through a light tube to the SPAD detector. Baffles are used in this tube to prevent light from reflecting off the side of the tube onto the detector. The PDE is then calculated knowing the light incident on the detector, the light detected by the detector, the DCR, and the afterpulsing probability. Measurements for several wavelengths, viz., 500, 615, 808, 900, and 940nm, various blackbody aperture diameters and temperatures, and different baffle diameters are reported. The results are then analyzed to find a range of these parameters that produce consistent results with each other, and compared with manufacturer specifications.
Data analysis in intelligent farming take intelligent pig farming as an example

Intelligentization of farming is a research hotspot. In this paper, we present several models that use collected data to predict the temperature and growth status of individual pigs. As far as we know, previous research in this field has focused on data acquisition, and relatively little research has been done on data analysis. Our work takes a pig farm as an example and uses statistical learning and artificial intelligence to make better use of this data.
Application and optimization of entropy in diagnosis for agricultural machinery bearing fault

Rolling bearing is the most central function unit in rotating agricultural mechanical equipment, it is vulnerable to damage in operation because of complex working environment, Therefore bearing fault diagnosis and stateful inspection technology has become research focus of rotary agricultural machines in the present age. entropy theory provides a measure for the complexity and randomness of vibration signals and is widely used in bearing fault diagnosis. This paper summarizes the origin, application and development of entropy theory and the future development direction is prospected.
Rice farmers’ perceptions about temperature and rainfall variations, respective adaptation measures, and determinants: Implications for sustainable farming systems

In Pakistan, climate change is adversely affecting agricultural production and undermining the food security and subsistence of millions of farm households. Farmers’ understanding of climate change and their adaptation strategies can serve as a useful step to help minimize climate risks. This study explores farmers’ perception of and adaptation strategies to climate change and their determinants in the rice-growing zone of Punjab province, as this region of the country is highly vulnerable to climate change impacts. The multistage stratified-random sampling method was used to select 480 farmers from the four rice districts of the region, and data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Logistic regression and contingency tables are used to analyze the determinants of farmers’ adopted strategies and adaptation extent (number of adopted strategies). Results show that farmers perceived significant changes in the climate, including the rise in average summer and winter temperatures and the decline in overall precipitation. The study further found that farmers’ adopted adaptation strategies include supplementary irrigation, adjustments in rice cultivation dates, crop diversification, use of climate-smart varieties, better fertilizer management, and farm resizing. Logit model showed that farmers’ age, primary occupation, income, landholding, access to irrigation, credit, climate information, and farm advisory appeared to be the significant determinants of their adaptation decision. The adaptation extent strongly correlates with farmers’ education and access to climate information and credit services. Based on these findings, this study suggests the relevant institutions improve farmers’ access to irrigation water, credit, farm advisory, and climate information to improve their adaptation extent and hence resilience of the rice-farming system.
TCR mimic compounds for pHLA targeting with high potency modalities in oncology

pHLA complexes represent the largest class of cell surface markers on cancer cells, making them attractive for targeted cancer therapies. Adoptive cell therapies expressing TCRs that recognize tumor specific pHLAs take advantage of the unique selectivity and avidity of TCR: pHLA interactions. More recently, additional protein binding domains binding to pHLAs, known as TCR mimics (TCRm), were developed for tumor targeting of high potency therapeutic modalities, including bispecifics, ADCs, CAR T and -NK cells. TCRm compounds take advantage of the exquisite tumor specificity of certain pHLA targets, including cell lineage commitment markers and cancer testis antigens (CTAs). To achieve meaningful anti-tumor responses, it is critical that TCRm compounds integrate both, high target binding affinities and a high degree of target specificity. In this review, we describe the most advanced approaches to achieve both criteria, including affinity- and specificity engineering of TCRs, antibodies and alternative protein scaffolds. We also discuss the status of current TCRm based therapeutics developed in the clinic, key challenges, and emerging trends to improve treatment options for cancer patients treated with TCRm based therapeutics in Oncology.
Comparison between liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and immunoassay methods for measurement of plasma 25 (OH) vitamin D

Abstract Objectives Vitamin D is one of the major hormones involved in the metabolism of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P). In the present study, we aimed to determine the analytical performance of the immunoassay method used for determining plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels in routine clinical practice in laboratories. Methods Venous blood samples were collected from 156 patients for the comparisons and were analyzed with Siemens ADVIA Centaur XPT, the Roche Cobas 6,000’s module e601, Abbott Architect i2000, and the liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results The four methods were analyzed and compared through the Passing-Bablok regression for 25(OH)D, and the highest correlation was found at LC-MS/MS and Cobas 6,000’s module e601 (r=0.799), LC-MS/MS/Abbott Architect i2000, and LC-MS/MS/Siemens ADVIA Centaur XPT as r=0.736, 0.721, respectively. The correlation coefficient was found between Abbott Architect i2000 with Roche Cobas e601 and Siemens ADVIA Centaur XPT as r=0.934 and r=0.907, respectively. Also, the correlation coefficient was found between Roche Cobas e601 and Siemens ADVIA Centaur XPT as r=0.906. Conclusions The Roche Cobas assay showed better performance, compared with the other assays. Based on our findings, the chemiluminescence methods in automated systems seem to be expedient.
Insights into the evolution of dermal armour: osteoderms in a mammal, the spiny mouse, Acomys

Osteoderms are bony plates which develop in the dermis of the skin of vertebrates, most commonly found in fishes and reptiles. They have evolved independently at least eight times in reptiles suggesting the presence of a gene regulatory network which is readily activated and inactivated. The absence of osteoderms in birds and mammals, except for the one example of armadillos, has prevented a comparative molecular approach to their evolution. However, following CT scanning, we have discovered that in two genera of Deomyinae, the spiny mouse Acomys and the brush-furred mouse, Lophuromys there are osteoderms present in the skin of their tails. We have studied osteoderm development within the dermis of the tail in Acomys cahirinus to show that they begin development before birth in the proximal part of the tail skin and they do not complete differentiation throughout the tail until 6 weeks after birth. This has allowed us to study the cellular differentiation of the osteoderms with histology and immunocytochemistry and perform RNA sequencing to identify the gene networks involved in their differentiation. There is a widespread down-regulation of keratin genes and an up-regulation of osteoblast genes and a finely balanced expression of signaling pathways as the osteoderms differentiate. Future comparisons with reptilian osteoderms may allow us to understand how these structures have evolved, why they are so rare in mammals and how they are position-specific.
A Comparison of Different Estimators for Panel Data Sample Selection Models

In this paper, we perform an extensive Monte Carlo study of the finite sample properties of different estimators for panel data sample selection models. The estimators investigated are various two-step estimators and maximum likelihood estimators with simultaneous equations for the samle selection process and the equation of interest. The main result of the Monte Carlo study is that the maximum likelihood estimators of random effects models in general perform better than in two-step estimators
An Evaluation of Human Capital Module of SAP System with Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) Method: A Case Study

This study's purpose is to do an evaluation of SAP Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system, spesifically for the Human Capital Resource (HCM) module, in order to asess the adoption the system for PT.XYZ, a private banking company in Indonesia. The module focused on both the Employee & Manager Self Service (ESS & MSS) systems. In this study, Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) was used tas the method to test the relationship between the variables. These variables consist of: Performance Expectancy (PE), Effort Expectancy (EE), Social Influence (SI), and Facilitating Conditions (FC). Data collection is using questionaire from total 55 respondents, who were users that usess ESS and MSS module, by using Roscoe sampling. The data was analyzed by linear regression method and using SmartPLS. The analysis shows all hypotheses in this study have a positive and significant effect.
Dynamics of connections between autonomic regulatory circuits of the cardiovascular system in patients with Covid-19

The work aims to study the dynamics of connections between the circuits of the autonomic regulation of blood circulation in patients with Covid-19. The tools for the study are methods of nonlinear analysis. The work shows dynamics of the degree of phase synchronization between 0.1-Hz components of the RR-interval signals and the photoplethysmogram, and no visible change in the direction of connections.
Symmetric Multiprocessor Support for bhyve on arm64

In the years, ARM started to take its share of the personal computers and server markets. Their CPUs are known for their low power consumption and mobile market supremacy. In these new areas, virtualization is used to provide working machines in the cloud and create secure environments. The FreeBSD community started developing an ARM-based hypervisor, but it was not tested on real hardware and without some features that AMD64 has. Furthermore, nowadays, computers usually have more CPUs, to perform the task in parallel and increase the speed of the overall system. This paper presents the SMP (Symmetric Multiprocessor Support) added to bhyve on arm64. This feature allows the user to start a virtual machine when the host operating system has more than one cores and the ability to start a virtual machine with more virtual CPUs.
Network Traffic Load Balancing Protocol for Different Priority Traffic

Complex network structures arise in different practical areas such as telecommunication, production chains, transportation, economics etc. Network load balancing is useful for efficient system operation. Congestion avoidance allows not to loose packets and to minimize package delivery time. Another problem is resource distribution between different priority packets. In this paper Local Voting Protocol (LVP) for network load balancing with different priority traffic is proposed. Proposed approach is illustrated by numerical examples.
A 112-Gb/s Single-Ended PAM-4 Transceiver Front-End for Reach Extension in Long-Reach Link

This paper presents a 112-Gb/s single-ended (SE) PAM-4 transceiver front-end for the reach-extension module in a 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS technology. The transmitter front-end is based on a differential-to-SE driver where the negative capacitance scheme is introduced to extend its bandwidth. The receiver front-end features a low-mismatch SE-to-differential (S2D) amplifier and an inductor-reuse continuous-time linear equalizer (CTLE). In the S2D, both the asymmetric reused inductor and capacitance compensation techniques are implemented to eliminate the mismatch at the pseudo-differential outputs. In the CTLE, both the inductor reuse and boosted current reuse techniques are adopted to save area, and further boost the maximum peaking frequency and equalization range. Our SE link demonstrates the highest 112-Gb/s PAM-4 data rate at a 20-dB channel loss with an energy efficiency of 1.81 pJ/bit.
Sustainable transition of Slovenian power system until 2050

Global, European and Slovenian energy sectors have been facing multiple challenges in transitioning to a carbon-free future. The transition into a sustainable power system will play a key role in maintaining global warming within the +1.5°C IPCC scenario in the next few years. In this context, the present paper proposes a combination of renewable energy and nuclear sources to fill the gap between future power consumption and production. The results show that using an optimal combination of conventional and new power production technologies, Slovenia can reach the goal of a carbon-free power system by 2037, when a new nuclear unit could enter operation. Flexible power sources and sinks combined with daily and seasonal electricity storage will be able to provide a balance to intermittent renewable power generation. To evaluate the feasibility of the proposed scenario of the power system, two key criteria are used: ❨1❩ decarbonization of the system and (2) rate of the power system’s self-sufficiency.
The role of electron-electron scattering in spin transport for a GaAs semiconductor in the nondegenerate regime

The long spin lifetimes observed in n-type semiconductors, in particular in n-GaAs, make them highly suitable for novel spintronic devices. Therefore it is of great importance to understand the spin dynamics in these semiconductors We study the spin transport in a bulk GaAs using the ensemble Monte Carlo method, recently equipped for dealing with spin transport. This is a difficult many-body problem which involves the interactions of the electrons with acoustic phonons, polar optical phonons and single-charge impurities. The spin dephasing source which we include is the Dyakonov-Perel mechanism. This is the main decoherence mechanism in the regime we consider. We estimate the spin relaxation times at high temperatures (280 ≤ T ≤ 400 K) and in doping concentrations (n = 1016 to 2.5 · 1017 cm−3), i.e., in the nondegenerate regime. Our calculations are in very good agreement with experimental results with no adjustable parameters. Morevoer we include the electron-electron interaction which is still a big issue in ensemble Monte Carlo. Our results show that the electron-electron interaction plays an important role in spin transport in the same regime. This seems to extend the theoretical predictions made for a two-dimensional electron gas in GaAs to the three-dimensional case. We introduce a method which reduces the probability of a three-body scattering event in the case of electron-electron collisions. This method works well in the high electronic concentration regime (ne & 1017 cm−3) . We also study the effect of varying temperature and applied bias on spin relaxation times without electron-electron interaction. Our results show that the spin relaxation times are longer at low temperatures and that increasing the applied bias yields enhancement of the spin polarization in the system.
A Low-Power and Energy-Efficient D-Band CMOS Four-Channel Receiver with Integrated LO Generation for Digital Beamforming Arrays

This work presents a $D$-band receiver characterized inside a four-channel transceiver with integrated local oscillator generation and distribution, intended for use in digital beamforming arrays. The receiver leverages a low-noise amplifier with an active balun to minimize its noise figure, while the local oscillator is optimized for low power consumption to enable scaling to larger arrays. A prototype implemented in 28-nm CMOS is flip-chip packaged onto an organic interposer with patch antenna arrays. A wireless downlink with the proposed receiver channel capable of supporting a data rate in excess of 12 Gb/s with QPSK and 16-QAM modulation, while achieving one of the lowest DC power consumption levels per element and energy-per-bit at 98 mW/element and 8.1 pJ/bit, respectively, demonstrates competitive performance and the highest level of integration compared to other $D$-band CMOS receiver wireless links.
Convergence of motivation from game-like context to real-life context: a quantitative study

Player type theory in which its earliest study done by Richard Bartle segments players into different categories based on their interaction with games. Other related studies were then conducted by various researchers consecutively. The authors came upon a question in which to what extent can player motivation in games be projected onto intrinsic motivation. Thus, this study is done by assigning Nick Yee's player motivation test and Intrinsic Motivation Inventory test to 57 undergraduate students from the School of Educational Studies who are partaking in an Instructional Technology course in an online gamified learning environment. Reliability, correlation, and regression tests were done on the data obtained. Later, the researchers evaluated and interpreted the results by presenting them in table and graph forms. The authors of this article aimed to determine the possibility of the convergence of player motivation in a game-like context towards intrinsic motivation within a real-life context with the hope of contributing to its respective field.
Compact objects in pure Lovelock theory

For static fluid interiors of compact objects in pure Lovelock gravity (involving ony one $N$th order term in the equation) we establish similarity in solutions for the critical odd and even $d=2N+1, 2N+2$ dimensions. It turns out that in critical odd $d=2N+1$ dimensions, there can exist no bound distribution with a finite radius, while in critical even $d=2N+2$ dimensions, all solutions have similar behavior. For exhibition of similarity we would compare star solutions for $N =1, 2$ in $d=4$ Einstein and $d=6$ in Gauss-Bonnet theory respectively. We also obtain the pure Lovelock analogue of the Finch-Skea model.
A Review of Modeling, Management, and Applications of Grid-Connected Li-Ion Battery Storage Systems

The intermittency of renewable energy sources makes the use of energy storage systems (ESSs) indispensable in modern power grids for supply-demand balancing and reliability enhancement. Besides pumped-storage hydroelectric power stations, energy storage deployment worldwide is still quite low. However, the status quo might rapidly change as the energy storage technologies are growing and facilitating market regulations are being ratified. Battery energy storage systems (BESSs), Li-ion batteries in particular, possess attractive properties and are taking over other types of storage technologies. Thus, in this article, we review and evaluate the current state of the art in managing grid-connected Li-ion BESSs and their participation in electricity markets. The review mainly includes battery modeling, the architecture of battery management systems (BMSs), the incorporation of BESSs for electricity market services, global utility-scale battery storage facilities, and challenges in implementing and managing grid-connected BESSs.
Evaluation of Deep Learning-based Authorship Attribution Methods on Hungarian Texts

The range of text analysis methods in the field of natural language processing (NLP) has become more and more extensive thanks to the increasing computational resources of the 21st century. As a result, many deep learning-based solutions have been proposed for the purpose of authorship attribution, as they offer more flexibility and automated feature extraction compared to traditional statistical methods. A number of solutions have appeared for the attribution of English texts, however, the number of methods designed for Hungarian language is extremely small. Hungarian is a morphologically rich language, sentence formation is flexible and the alphabet is different from other languages. Furthermore, a language specific POS tagger, pretrained word embeddings, dependency parser, etc. are required. As a result, methods designed for other languages cannot be directly applied on Hungarian texts. In this paper, we review deep learning-based authorship attribution methods for English texts and offer techniques for the adaptation of these solutions to Hungarian language. As a part of the paper, we collected a new dataset consisting of Hungarian literary works of 15 authors. In addition, we extensively evaluate the implemented methods on the new dataset.