Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Type I supernovae in the infrared and their use as distance indicators

New infrared data for 11 Type I supernovae are presented. These results, when combined with other published data for Type I supernovae, show that the light curves fall into two well-defined groups. The first more common type - Type Ia - shows strong, variable, unexplained absorption at 1.2 μm and probably at 3.5 μm, while the second type - Type Ib - shows no such absorption and a slower decline after maximum. The light curves of the Type Ia supernovae appear to have a dispersion in color and absolute magnitude of ±0.2 mag or less, making them potentially valuable for distance determination within the Local Supercluster.
Testing for Spatial Autocorrelation among the Residuals of the Geographically Weighted Regression

Geographically weighted regression (GWR) is a useful technique for exploring spatial nonstationarity by calibrating, for example, a regression model which allows different relationships to exist at different points in space. In this line of research, many spatial data sets have been successfully analyzed and some statistical tests for spatial variation have been developed. However, an important assumption in these studies is that the disturbance terms of the GWR model are uncorrelated and of common variance. Similar to the case in the ordinary linear regression, spatial autocorrelation can invalidate the standard assumption of homoscedasticity of the disturbances and mislead the results of statistical inference. Therefore, developing some statistical methods to test for spatial autocorrelation is a very important issue. In this paper, two kinds of the statistical tests for spatial autocorrelation among the residuals of the GWR model are suggested. Also, an efficient approximation method for calculating the p-values of the test statistics is proposed. Some simulations are run to examine the performances of the proposed methods and the results are encouraging. The study not only makes it possible to test for spatial autocorrelation among the GWR residuals in a conventional statistical manner, but also provides a useful means for model validation.
Some properties of the ground states of the infinity laplacian

In this paper, we derive several properties of infinity ground states which are ground states of the infinity Laplacian in the sense of Juutinen-Lindqvist-Manfredi [14]. We will give a sufficient condition of the domain such that the distance function is the unique infinity ground state up to some constant factor. Those sufficient domains include the annulus, the ball, the stadium, etc. Also, we show that if the domain is convex, then a variational infinity ground state is a viscosity solution of the infinity Laplacian equation in the subdomain where it is C 1 . This generalizes a result in Juutinen-Lindqvist-Manfredi [15].
Finite volume approach for finite strain consolidation

The paper presents the finite volume formulation and numerical solution of finite strain one‐dimensional consolidation equation. The equation used in this study utilises a nonlinear continuum representation of consolidation with varying compressibility and hydraulic conductivity and thus inherits the material and geometric nonlinearity. Time‐marching explicit scheme has been used to achieve transient solutions. The nonlinear terms have been evaluated with the known previous time step value of the independent variable, that is, void ratio. Three‐point quadratic interpolation function of Lagrangian family has been used to evaluate the face values at discrete control volumes. It has been shown that the numerical solution is stable and convergent for the general practical cases of consolidation. Performance of the numerical scheme has been evaluated by comparing the results with an analytical solution and with the piecewise piecewise‐linear finite difference numerical model. The approach seems to work well and offers excellent potential for simulating finite strain consolidation. Further, the parametric study has been performed on soft organic clays, and the influence of various parameters on the time ate consolidation characteristics of the soil is shown. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Probabilistic Reframing for Cost-Sensitive Regression

Common-day applications of predictive models usually involve the full use of the available contextual information. When the operating context changes, one may fine-tune the by-default (incontextual) prediction or may even abstain from predicting a value (a reject). Global reframing solutions, where the same function is applied to adapt the estimated outputs to a new cost context, are possible solutions here. An alternative approach, which has not been studied in a comprehensive way for regression in the knowledge discovery and data mining literature, is the use of a local (e.g., probabilistic) reframing approach, where decisions are made according to the estimated output and a reliability, confidence, or probability estimation. In this article, we advocate for a simple two-parameter (mean and variance) approach, working with a normal conditional probability density. Given the conditional mean produced by any regression technique, we develop lightweight “enrichment” methods that produce good estimates of the conditional variance, which are used by the probabilistic (local) reframing methods. We apply these methods to some very common families of cost-sensitive problems, such as optimal predictions in (auction) bids, asymmetric loss scenarios, and rejection rules.
Data-level fusion using common symmetry set

Availability of different imaging modalities requires techniques to process and combine information form different images of the same phenomena. We present a symmetry based approach for combining information from multiple images. Fusion is performed at data level. Actual object boundaries and shape descriptors are recovered directly from raw sensor output(s). Method is applicable to arbitrary number of images in arbitrary dimension.
Single scattering from nonspherical Chebyshev particles: a compendium of calculations

A large set of exact calculations of the scattering from a class of nonspherical particles known as Chebyshev particles' has been performed. Phase function and degree of polarization in random orientation, and parallel and perpendicular intensities in fixed orientations, are plotted for a variety of particles shapes and sizes. The intention is to furnish a data base against which both experimental data, and the predictions of approximate methods, can be tested. The calculations are performed with the widely-used Extended Boundary Condition Method. An extensive discussion of this method is given, including much material that is not easily available elsewhere (especially the analysis of its convergence properties). An extensive review is also given of all extant methods for nonspherical scattering calculations, as well as of the available pool of experimental data.
The Second Eigenvalue of the Leontief Matrix

According to Frobenius, a positive matrix possesses a unique positive eigenvector which belongs to a positive eigenvalue. This eigenvalue is of the largest absolute magnitude and the matrix admits no other positive eigenvector. If an arbitrary positive vector is repeatedly premultiplied by such a matrix, then the result tends towards this positive eigenvector. It is the second largest eigenvalue that determines the speed of convergence. The estimate of the second eigenvalue of a purely random flow coefficient matrix shows that its expected absolute magnitude declines monotonically with the size of the matrix. Hence, the larger the system is the faster is the convergence. A prescribed exactness of the eigenvector (of equilibrium prices or quantities) will be reached after a few—perhaps just a couple of—iterations in a large system.
A Caccioppoli inequality and partial regularity in the calculus of variations

Synopsis A new proof is given of the partial regularity of minimisers under the principal assumptions of uniform strict quasiconvexity and polynomial growth. The proof is based on a Caccioppoli inequality and an “indirect” blow-up argument; this avoids the technical complications of a “direct” argument.
Effect of surface termination on the imaging in two-dimensional photonic crystal flat lenses

By the numerical simulation based on the finite-difference time-domain method, we investigate the adjustability of image distance for the same object distance in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs). When we add a fraction of a metallic component to the center of each dielectric bar, the PC slab lens can form a non-near- field image and the image distance changes for different surface terminations formed by introducing cylinders at the surface layers whose geometric and physical parameters are different from those of the PC bulk. Furthermore, the image distance can be further tuned by combining the two kinds of cylinders at the surface layers with different ratios of slab length. These simulation results clearly show that the imaging properties can be controlled effectively by changing the surface termination of PC slab lenses.
On the structure of the 30 to 50 day mode over the globe during FGGE

6 vertical levels of the entire 365-day global FGGE Illb analysis for 5 variables are subjected to a time-series analysis and a frequency filter to investigate the structure of the 30- to 50-day mode. This study isolates regions where the amplitude of these low-frequency oscillations are large; the vertical structures across these large amplitude regions are also presented. The seasonal variation of the maximum 30–50 day filtered wind in the lower troposphere is highlighted. The major results for the FGGE year show that the 30- to 50-day mode has its largest amplitude in the upper troposphere of polar latitudes and in the summer monsoon region. During the northern winter, active regions are also located over the equatorial belt of the central Pacific ocean. The phase propagation on the pressure surfaces are examined simply from an analysis of a time sequence of low-frequency weather maps. The vertical phase propagation is illustrated by pressure-time plots of the low-frequency data sets at individual locations. This analysis suggests vertical propagation over convective areas and a lack of it over most other regions. A highlight of this study is a phenomenon we have labelled as “low-frequency storms”. Here we illustrate long-lasting, low-frequency, weather systems that propagate meridionally (1) over the summer monsoon regions from the equator to the Himalayas and (2) over the eastern Pacific ocean from the equator northwards during the northern winter season. An example of such a long-lasting system is traced to 60° N; subsequently, it appears to move zonally from the gulf of Alaska across the Canadian Arctic, north Atlantic, and Europe prior to its dissipation over Siberia. The potential for interactions between these low-frequency systems and polar front cyclones is another interesting aspect of this investigation. The low-frequency oscillations and motions are considered important since their amplitude in the troposphere is large (8 ms -1 ) and they are well-defined within their scales of motion (on the order of 4000 km or larger). DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0870.1985. tb00432.x
Consensus of multiple dynamic agents with sampled information

The authors are concerned with consensus problems in undirected networks of multiple agents with second-order dynamics, where each agent can only obtain the measurements of its positions relative to its neighbours at sampling instants. A new protocol based on sampled-data control is proposed so that all agents can reach consensus on their positions and velocities, respectively. Both fixed and switching topology cases are considered. For the fixed topology case, a sufficient and necessary condition for consensus is derived in the case without time delays, and an allowable upper bound of time delays is obtained in the case with time delays. For the switching topology case, sufficient conditions are established for consensus under arbitrary switching signals and under a class of switching signals, respectively. Simulations are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
Microwave absorber optimal design using multi‐objective particle swarm optimization

The design of planar multilayer coatings with high absorption for a desired range of frequencies and angles is presented. The design technique is based on multiobjective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO). Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is an evolutionary optimization algorithm based on bird flight. Multiobjective PSO (MOPSO) is a Pareto PSO algorithm which produces the Pareto front fast and efficiently. MOPSO is used for several design cases and is compared with multiobjective genetic algorithms. Numerical results that are also compared with those existing in the literature show the advantages of this approach and the applicability of this design method. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 1553–1558, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21727
Acoustic‐phonetic analysis of normal, loud, and Lombard speech in simulated cockpit conditions

It has long been recognized that raising one's voice causes perceptible changes in the speech signal beyond mere increase in overall intensity. This paper reports the results of an extensive analysis of speech produced in a simulated fighter cockpit environment, with helmet and oxygen mask in place. Eight talkers each produced 56 utterances under three conditions: (1) normal, (2) loud (nominally 10 dB above normal), and (3) Lombard (evoked by 90 dB of pink noise played through a headset). A total of 17 671 phonemes were hand marked for analysis using 18 acoustic features (ten frequency bands, spectral COG, low‐ and high‐frequency spectral tilt, F0, F1–3, and duration). For most speakers, both loud and Lombard conditions showed the following shifts in comparison with the normal condition: (1) For vowels and sonorant consonants, lower (0–500 Hz) and higher (5–8 kHz) frequency bands lost energy relative to the mid (1–4 kHz) frequencies; (2) also for vowels and sonorants, F0, F1, and spectral COG all rose; an.
A simple demonstration of the Pancharatnam phase as a geometric phase

To demonstrate the Pancharatnam phase as a geometric (Berry's) phase, each polarization state must be obtained by projecting the previous state on it. We describe a simple interferometric arrangement for such a demonstration which only uses a single rotation linear analyser to introduce a continuously variable phase difference between the two beams.
Influence of electric field on local phase transformations in relaxor ferroelectrics PbSc0.5Ta0.5O3 and Pb0.78Ba0.22Sc0.5Ta0.5O3

In situ temperature-dependent Raman-scattering experiments under an external dc electric field E have been performed on PbSc0.5Ta0. 5O3 (PST) and Pb0.78Ba0. 22Sc0.5Ta0. 5O3 (PST-Ba) in order to give further insights into the atomistic mechanism of polar coupling in perovskite-type (ABO3) relaxor ferroelectrics near the intermediate characteristic temperature T⋆. The polarized Raman spectra collected under an electric field E applied along the cubic [100], [110], or [111] crystallographic direction were analyzed in terms of hard-mode spectroscopy. The T⋆(E) dependence was derived from the behavior of the phonon mode near 230 cm−1 localized in off-centered B-site cations. In the case of stoichiometric PST, the increase of T⋆ with E is much stronger when the field is applied along [111] than when E is along [100] or [110]. This indicates that the actual polar B-cation shifts are along the cubic body diagonals, implying a rhombohedral structure of the polar nanoregions. The T⋆(E)-dependence reveals that the loca.
On the bifurcation structure of nonlinear perturbations of Hill's equations at boundary points of the continuous spectrum

Nonlinear perturbations of Hill’s equations have been studied as a first application of a general operator-theoretic approach for treating bifurcation at boundary points of the continuous spectrum. It has been established that there is bifurcation into the gap at distinguished boundary points of the spectrum; moreover, for fixed parameters in the gap there are m distinct solutions where m can be characterized by the number of negative eigenvalues of an associated linear eigenvalue problem. For a class of nonlinear Hill equations with a nonlinearity concentrated on a finite inverval $[ - N,N]$, we are able to reduce the problem to an auxiliary nonlinear Sturm–Liouville problem with parameter dependent boundary conditions. The reduction is based on the knowledge of the stable/unstable spaces of the linearized problem. Although the reduced problem is of a complicated nature, we can analyze its bifurcation structure by a modified Lyapunov–Schmidt procedure. In that way we provide a detailed analysis of both t.
Performance of mapped infinite elements for exterior wave scattering applications

The mapped infinite element of Zienkiewicz et al. is investigated for three-dimensional wave scattering applications. The optimal location of the infinite elements as a function of frequency is considered. Near-field and far-field convergence are each examined. The results demonstrate that the mapped infinite element is an extremely effective absorbing boundary condition for many applications. In addition, if far-field accuracy is the desired computational quantity, the infinite elements can be located extremely close to the scatterer surface, significantly reducing the problem dimensionality.
Coherent bottom reverberation: Modeling and comparisons with at-sea measurements

Shallow water bottom reverberation results collected with a hull-mounted sonar exhibit coherence effects that manifest themselves as reverberation patterns in time—analogous to the well-known Lloyd mirror effect that appears in transmission loss as a function of range for shallow sources or receivers. Moreover, the reverberation peaks and nulls arising from the coherent phasing of the propagation paths are evident both in the reverberation envelopes obtained with short pulses and in the matched filter responses for longer pulse lengths. These “coherent” properties of the reverberation deviate from the usual assumptions governing reverberation. Modified assumptions produce coherent reverberation intensity modeled results that match the coherent effects observed in measurements. Finally, the coherent peaks and nulls arising from the phenomenon are shown to produce non-Rayleigh reverberation amplitude distributions in both the measured reverberation and modeled results (increasing the probability of false al.
The Effects of Motor Imagery on Pain in Lower Limb Sports Injuries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

This review evaluated the efficacy of Motor Imagery intervention in athletes with lower limb sports injuries that could affect their pain levels during rehabilitation. We carried out a thorough research of the scientific literature for RCT studies in athletes with lower limb musculoskeletal sports injuries including search terms Motor Imagery AND pain, Motor Imagery AND sport injuries, Motor Imagery AND lower limb. We searched 3 major databases, PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect, with the search period ranging from their inception until May 2022. We assessed the quality of the studies using the PEDro Scale and the data was recorded and extracted with the use of Mendeley software. The search criteria resulted in a pool of 10.107 possible articles. Upon completion of the selection procedure, only 3 RCT studies met the inclusion criteria with a total of 60 injured athletes (n = 18 with ankle sprain and n = 42 with ACL injuries). The meta-analysis showed no statistically significant positive effects of MI intervention on pain intensity after lower limb sports injuries (n = 60; MD = −1.57; 95% CI: −3.60 to 0.46; I2 = 50%; p = 0.13). The limited number of studies could justify the statistically insignificant effect of MI, but although the methodological quality of the studies was moderate to high, the heterogeneity of them was also relatively high. More RCT’s are required to explore the effect of MI on pain in athletes with lower limb injuries in order to address psychophysiological processes during rehabilitation.
Strategy-training post-stroke via tele-rehabilitation: a pilot randomized controlled trial

Abstract Purpose Long-term limitations in social participation are common after stroke. Whether these can be attenuated through a tele-rehabilitation approach is unknown. We were particularly interested in examining transfer of learning effects which could result in broader improvements in social participation. Methods We adapted a strategy training rehabilitation approach (tele-CO-OP) for remote delivery. Participants with chronic stroke were randomized to receive the intervention (EXPT) or to a wait list (Control). Feasibility and acceptability were measured via attendance scores, satisfaction with the training and therapist evaluation of engagement with the training. The primary outcome measure was the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), a standardized semi-structured interview which elicits difficulties in day-to-day life. Results Seventeen participants were randomized. Tele-CO-OP was found to be feasible and acceptable: participants reported high satisfaction and engagement, and missed few sessions. Large effect sizes for transfer of learning effects were observed in favor of receiving tele-CO-OP vs being waitlisted. Significant benefits were also conferred to the Control group following receipt of tele-CO-OP. The intervention also appeared to improve mood. Conclusions This exploratory study demonstrates the feasibility and acceptability of tele-CO-OP and provides preliminary evidence for transfer of learning effects to untrained everyday social participation activities. Trial registration number: NCT02724813 Implications for rehabilitation Stroke results in long-term limitations in social participation. The Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) Approach provides a potential avenue for ameliorating these limitations. This pilot randomized controlled trial demonstrated that it is feasible to deliver tele-CO-OP and that positive benefits may accrue to those receiving the intervention for both trained and untrained activities. Tele-CO-OP is a promising intervention for addressing long-term participation limitations in individuals with chronic stroke.
1.2 nJ/classification 2.4 mm2 asynchronous wired-logic DNN processor using synthesized nonlinear function blocks in 0.18 μm CMOS

We have developed a full-digital wired-logic DNN processor that is 5.3 times smaller and 2.6 times more energy efficient than previously developed processors. Our processor is capable of inferring a MNIST classification task with 90.6% accuracy and 1.2 nJ of energy per classification at 3.89 Mfps. We also developed a neuron and synapse-saving neural network using nonlinear neural network technology to reduce the number of processing elements to be implemented. Lastly, we developed a logical compression technique for area and energy-saving neuron cell circuits. Using these techniques, we devised a digital asynchronous wired-logic DNN processor.
Signatures of very long period waves in the polar coronal holes

We examine long spectral time series of a coronal hole observed on the 7th March 2000 with the Coronal Diagnostic Spectrometer (CDS) on-board SoHO. The observations were obtained in the chromospheric He i ,a nd a series of higher temperature oxygen lines. In this letter we report on the presence of long period oscillations in a polar coronal hole region on the disk. Our observations indicate the presence of compressional waves with periods of 20{30 min or longer.