Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Domination Algorithms for Lifetime Problems in Self-organizing Ad hoc and Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks propound an algorithmic research problems for prolonging life of nodes and network. The domination algorithms can address some of fundamental issues related to lifetime problems in ad hoc and sensor networks. Most of the graph domination problems are NP-complete even with unit-disk-graphs. The investigation of the thesis addresses some of lifetime issues in sensor network with the approximate domination algorithm. In this work, we consider distributed algorithms of some important domination problems namely, maximum domatic partition problem (DPP), maximum connected domatic partition (CDP) problem, minimum connected dominating set (MCDS) problem, node-mobility transparent connected dominating set problem in context of unitdisk graphs and obtain solutions using state-of-the-art principles of well-known MIS (maximal independent sets). We incorporated self-organization feature to domatic partition for sensor networks. Domatic partition problems has variety of applications. In sensor networks our deterministic self-organizing domatic partition algorithm is used to provide maximum cluster lifetime in hierarchical topology control of sensor networks. Minimum connected dominating set is reported to provide a virtual backbone for ad hoc networks. The maximum lifetime of connected dominating set felt constrained to support virtual backbone in sensor networks. We modeled the maximum lifetime connected dominating set as connected domatic partition problem. We introduced a distributed algorithm for connected domatic partition problem. To our knowledge no such connected domatic partition is reported in literature. The minimum connected dominating set has drawn a considerable research interest and several approximation schemes are reported. We have introduced a collaborativecover heuristic and developed a distributed approximation algorithm for minimum connected dominating set problem using it with a single leader having an approximation factor of (4.8+ ln 5)opt+1.2, where opt is the size of any optimal CDS in G. This approximation provides an effective loss-less aggregation backbone for sensor networks. The results show the improvement in prolonging the life of sensor networks. The CDSbackbone gets disturbed by the mobility of nodes. We developed an integrated scheme adapting CDS to the node’s mobility transparently and efficiently. Adapting CDS to node-mobility is carried out by using four steps: i) reinforcing a self-organization to a multi-protocol relay(MPR) based connected dominating set, ii) reinforcing self-reconfiguration of CDS when a node becomes mobile or halts after mobile operation, iii) adapting CDS to mobile-node by tracking of mobile node for its location updates and iv) optimizing location updates using weighted CDS based on a Markov model.
Poincare Complexes: I

Recent developments in differential and PL-topology have succeeded in reducing a large number of problems (classification and embedding, for example) to problems in homotopy theory. The classical methods of homotopy theory are available for these problems, but are often not strong enough to give the results needed. In this paper we attempt to develop a branch of homotopy theory applicable to the classification problem for compact manifolds. A Poincare complex is (approximately) a finite cw-complex which satisfies the Poincare duality theorem. A precise definition is given in ? 1, together with a discussion of chain complexes. In Chapter 2, we give a cutting and gluing theorem, define connected sum, and give a theorem on product decompositions. Chapter 3 is devoted to an account of the tangential properties first introduced by M. Spivak (Princeton thesis, 1964). We then start our classification theorems; in Chapter 4, for dimensions up to 3, where the dominant invariant is the fundamental group; and in Chapter 5, for dimension 4, where we obtain a classification theorem when the fundamental group has prime order. It is complicated to use, but allows us to construct two interesting examples. In the second part of this paper, we intend to classify highly connected Poincare complexes; to show how to perform surgery, and give some applications; by constructing handle decompositions and computing some cobordism groups. This paper was originally planned when the only known fact about topological manifolds (of dimension >3) was that they were Poincare complexes. Novikov's proof [301 of topological invariance of rational Pontrjagin classes and subsequent work in the same direction has changed this, but we can still easily summarize the basis of the relation of Poincare complexes to smooth and PL-manifolds. The first point of difference lies in the structure group of the normal bundle; G, 0, or PL in the three cases. If this group be appropriately reduced (from G to 0 or PL), surgery can be performed as in [13] to try to construct a manifold; certain algebraic obstructions arise in the middle dimension (see [13] for the simply-connected and [26] for the general case). These algebraic structures provide the second point of difference; one in which we are particularly interested. Chapter 5 was originally written for the purpose of constructing examples to illustrate these (5.4.1 and 5.4.2). A fuller discussion of these points is planned to appear as a sequel to [26].
Reconfigurable Implementation of Bit-Parallel Multipliers over GF( zm) for Two Classes of Finite Fields

Galuisfields GF(2m) are used in a wide number of applications such as ciyptugraphy, digital signal processing and ermr-control codes. The multiplication is considered the most important and one of the most complex GF(Zm) operations, so ejjlcient multiplier architectures are highly desired. In this paper; a new construction method of bit-parallel multipliers over GF(2m) for fwo classes offinite fields is presented. Our approach determines groups of subexpressions that can be sharedamong the product coordinates. General expressions are given, arid the theoretical complexity analysis proves that our multipliers reduce the best time complexities known to date. The multipliers have been implemented on Xilinx Virtex FPGAs. The experiments prove that our method reduces rhe area requirements of the multipliers with respect to other similar multipliers.
PROFILE OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS B IN LIVER AND NON LIVER MALIGNANCIES AT DR. SAIFUL ANWAR MALANG GENERAL HOSPITAL

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a worldwide problem associated with morbidity and mortality. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) was identified as a major risk factor for carcinoma, one of them is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma. Aim: This study aims to determine the profile of hepatitis B patients with malignancy at the Gastroenterohepatology Outpatient Polyclinic at Saiful Anwar Regional General Hospital. Methods: This research is an observational study with a cross-sectional design. Data was collected from 2013 to 2018. The chronic hepatitis B patients were found in the Gastroenterohepatology polyclinic. Data was collected in the form of secondary data, including patient demographic data including age, sex, and type of drug. The results are described descriptively and presented in tables/percentages. Results: From the results of the study, the total number of chronic hepatitis B patients with malignancy in was 218 people. Most of the patients were aged 20-60 years with an average age of 49.7 ± 12.6 years. Most of the subjects were male, 78.0%. Most of the therapy given to patients was tenofovir 300 mg (93.2%). Cases were dominated by liver malignancy (52.8%). Most of the patients who had non-liver malignancy were diagnosed with ca mammae (37.0%). Conclusion: Chronic hepatitis B virus infection may have the potential to damage liver tissue which can lead to malignancy. The prevalence of liver and non-liver malignancies in chronic hepatitis B patients in this study were 52.8% and 47.3%, respectively.
Improving Temperature Tracking Control for Solar Collector Fields Based on Reference Feedforward

Improving temperature reference tracking in solar collector fields is essential for enhancing the performance of solar thermal plants. Conventional control strategies are usually employed as static reference feedforwards (FFs) to reduce rise time when reference changes occur. Nevertheless, strict performance requirements may demand precise control behavior that classical reference FFs cannot deliver. Therefore, from theoretical analysis, this work proposes two different control strategies based on reference FF structure to accomplish a low rise time and avoid producing overshoot for temperature reference tracking, namely, a lead–lag and a nonlinear reference FF. The structures are studied for suitable implementation, assuming an adaptive control framework to keep the same control performance under different operating conditions. Simulation experiments are developed to investigate and compare the proposed strategies with the conventional static FF with and without a reference filter. Furthermore, the proposed strategies are successfully tested in an actual solar plant AQUASOL-II, located in the Plataforma Solar de Almería (PSA), Almería, Spain. The promising results have concluded that the lead–lag and nonlinear reference FF associated with the adaptive structure have attended the proposed control requirements of low rise time and no overshoot. Moreover, the results have demonstrated the compromise between the lead–lag and the nonlinear controller, where the final choice should be made as a tradeoff between performance and control effort.
Differences in Characteristics Between Physical Frailty Assessments in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Observational Study

Purpose Assessment for frailty is important as it enables timely intervention to prevent or delay poor prognosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aims of this study, in a sample of outpatients with COPD, were to (i) assess the prevalence of physical frailty using the Japanese version of the Cardiovascular Health Study (J-CHS) criteria and the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and the degree of agreement between the findings of the two assessments and (ii) identify factors associated with the disparity in the results obtained with these instruments. Patients and Methods This was a multicenter cross-sectional study of individuals with stable COPD enrolled in four institutions. Frailty was assessed using the J-CHS criteria and the SPPB. Weighted Cohen’s kappa (k) statistic was performed to investigate the magnitude of agreement between the instruments. We divided participants into two groups depending on whether there was agreement or non-agreement between the results of the two frailty assessments. The two groups were then compared with respect to their clinical data. Results A total of 103 participants (81 male) were included in the analysis. The median age and FEV1 (%predicted) were 77 years and 62%, respectively. The prevalence of frailty and pre-frail was 21% and 56% with the J-CHS criteria and 10% and 17% with the SPPB. The degree of agreement was fair (k = 0.36 [95% CI: 0.22–0.50], P<0.001). There were no significant differences in the clinical characteristics between the agreement group (n = 44) and the non-agreement group (n = 59). Conclusion We showed that the degree of agreement was fair with the J-CHS criteria detecting a higher prevalence than the SPPB. Our findings suggest that the J-CHS criteria may be useful in people with COPD with the aim of providing interventions to reverse frailty in the early stages.
Redirected Attention and Impaired Recognition Memory during Exhaustive Cycling Has Implications for Information Processing Models of Effort-Regulation

Perception of internal and external cues is an important determinant of pacing behaviour, but little is known about the capacity to attend to such cues as exercise intensity increases. This study investigated whether changes in attentional focus and recognition memory correspond with selected psychophysiological and physiological parameters during exhaustive cycling. Methods: Twenty male participants performed two laboratory ramped cycling tests beginning at 50 W and increasing by 0.25 W/s until volitional exhaustion. Ratings of perceived exertion, heart rate and respiratory gas exchange measures were recorded during the first test. During the second test, participants listened to a list of spoken words presented through headphones at a rate of one word every 4 s. Afterwards, their recognition memory for the word pool was measured. Results: Recognition memory performance was found to have strong negative correlations with perceived exertion (p < 0.0001), percentage of peak power output (p < 0.0001), percentage of heart rate reserve (p < 0.0001), and percentage of peak oxygen uptake (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: The results show that, as the physiological and psychophysiological stress of cycling intensified, recognition memory performance deteriorated. This might be due to impairment of memory encoding of the spoken words as they were presented, or because of a diversion of attention away from the headphones, perhaps towards internal physiological sensations as interoceptive sources of attentional load increase with exercise intensity. Information processing models of pacing and performance need to recognise that an athlete’s capacity to attend to and process external information is not constant, but changes with exercise intensity.
Effects of long-term nitrogen addition on fine root dynamics in a temperate natural secondary forest

ABSTRACT In order to study the response of fine root production (FRP), mortality (FRM) and turnover (FRT) to nitrogen (N) addition, we have conducted 12 years of continuous N addition experiments in the natural secondary forest in Northeast China. According to the local N deposition, three N treatments were set up. The response of FRP, FRM and FRT to N addition during the growing season was studied. The results showed that N addition would lead to phosphorus (P) limitation, and fine roots could increase the absorption of N and P by increasing their diameter. The increase in the diameter of fine roots led to a decrease in the FRT, and the soil layer also affected the FRT. Nitrogen addition increased the FRP and FRM in all soil layers. Nitrogen addition did not change the seasonal variation of FRP and FRM. The highest value of FRP occurred in May, and the lowest value of FRM occurred in August. Nitrogen addition increased the total number (TNLR) and surface area (TSALR) of live fine root in all soil layers. The TNLR and TSALR decreased with the deepening of soil layer. Collectively, fine roots may respond to environmental stress through self-regulation and changing growth strategies.
A splitting method for separable convex programming

We propose a splitting method for solving a separable convex minimization problem with linear constraints, where the objective function is expressed as the sum of m individual functions without coupled variables. Treating the functions in the objective separately, the new method belongs to the category of operator splitting methods. We show the global convergence and estimate a worst-case convergence rate for the new method, and then illustrate its numerical efficiency by some applications.
Autoantibodies to Interferons in Infectious Diseases

Anti-cytokine autoantibodies and, in particular, anti-type I interferons are increasingly described in association with immunodeficient, autoimmune, and immune-dysregulated conditions. Their presence in otherwise healthy individuals may result in a phenotype characterized by a predisposition to infections with several agents. For instance, anti-type I interferon autoantibodies are implicated in Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) pathogenesis and found preferentially in patients with critical disease. However, autoantibodies were also described in the serum of patients with viral, bacterial, and fungal infections not associated with COVID-19. In this review, we provide an overview of anti-cytokine autoantibodies identified to date and their clinical associations; we also discuss whether they can act as enemies or friends, i.e., are capable of acting in a beneficial or harmful way, and if they may be linked to gender or immunosenescence. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the production of autoantibodies could improve the approach to treating some infections, focusing not only on pathogens, but also on the possibility of a low degree of autoimmunity in patients.
Aging and Health Challenges of Tribal Population: An Empirical Study Among Car Nicobarese of Nicobar Island of India

The aim of the present study was to examine the aging and associated health challenges among the Car Nicobarese. The study was conducted among 165 Car Nicobarese (20–80 years old), a tribal population of Nicobar Island of India. A comparative assessment of this tribal population with other island/coastal regions tribal population groups in India and in global context has been highlighted. Anthropometric variables, physiological functions, and adiposity indices were studied. Anthropometric variables included weight, height, sitting height, upper arm circumference, chest circumference, waist circumference, abdomen circumference, hip circumference, and physiological functions included blood pressure, FVC, FEV1.0, and muscular strength. Adiposity indices, including BMI, GMT, WHR, and WHtR, have been computed. Cardio respiratory function, adiposity indices, and muscular strength indicated declining health with advancing age among Car Nicobarese. Significant differences (p < 0.001) were obtained between adult Car Nicobarese and elderly Car Nicobarese for most of the variables under study. A further exploration of the risk factors and associated health challenges among the tribal population of India will help to prepare effective policies to prevent, control, and manage the health challenges in a better way. Serious steps to improve health education and promotion have to be made in the tribal communities.
An Improved Operational System for Forecasting Precipitation Type

Abstract A Model Output Statistics system for forecasting the conditional probability of precipitation type (PoPT) became operational within the National Weather Service in September 1978. Forecasts are provided for three precipitation type categories: snow or ice pellets, freezing rain, and rain. To develop the forecast equations, data are combined from different stations because of the limited amount of developmental data. To justify combining the data, the Limited-area Fine Mesh (LFM) model predictors are transformed from their original values through the use of the logit model. In one experiment, it is shown that probability of snow forecasts are made more accurate through an improved use of the logit model for predictor transformation. The new transformation procedure is then used in the development of a set of experimental PoPT forecast equations. The experimental equations differ from the operational equations in other ways also. The developmental sample for the experimental equations included appr.
Optimal cloudlet movement and placement in a dynamic environment using cluster based technique

User’s mobility in a dynamic environment, such as a wireless metropolitan area network (WMAN), poses a challenge in finding the best position to place the cloudlet as the devices are always on the move and disrupt proper utilization of cloudlet resources. With more resource rich applications using cloudlet framework for immediate processing and computation, finding the best position to place the cloudlet in this vast and dynamic environment is an important study. This work focus on how movement of user devices defined the placement of a cloudlet at a particular position, which in turn determine the number of mobile devices coverage. To project this scenario, this paper uses a clustering method to study the movement of five hundred (500) mobile devices in a dynamic environment and how these devices are assigned to the three (3) cloudlets when they are positioned at various interval of time by considering a threshold value and capacity of the cloudlet. Through the cloudlet movement, the experiment are able to generate the initial, feasible and optimal placement position. It is also observe that mobile device coverage increases by 28.53% when cloudlets are moved from initial to the optimal position. Furthermore, through this technique, the distribution of mobile devices at various interval of time become more compact, organized and balanced with 307 to 179 to 147 for the first cloudlet, 189 to 198 to 163 for the second cloudlet and from 4 to 123 to 190 for the third cloudlet when cloudlets are moved from the initial to the feasible to the optimal position respectively.
Heralding Photonic Qubits for Quantum Communication

Quantum communication attempts to harness the unique rules of quantum mechanics to perform communication tasks that are difficult or impossible using classical rules. To realize these benefits, information must be carried on quantum systems. Photons make excellent carriers because they interact very little with the environment, move quickly, and can naturally store quantum information in their polarization. However, it is notoriously difficult to detect a single photon without destroying it. Standard detectors simply absorb the photon, losing the quantum information. This is a critical outstanding problem in quantum communication, as advanced protocols need to know exactly when a photon has arrived at a receiver after transmission through the atmosphere or an optical fibre before performing further quantum-information-processing tasks. Certifying a photon’s presence is of particular interest in tests of Bell’s inequalities, which have only recently been performed without loopholes arising from photon loss, and in device-independent quantum cryptography, which relies on such Bell tests for security. In this thesis, I first present work on directly reducing losses in a successful loopholefree Bell test. This is an extremely difficult task that cannot be extended for long-distance communication. Therefore I then focus on ways to circumvent loss by detecting photons without destroying them while preserving their quantum information. First I analyze theoretically a way to herald photons using only linear-optical elements (beam splitters and phase shifters) and extra ancilla photons. Similar but older methods have been demonstrated experimentally by other groups, and my improvements will help future advanced quantum communication protocols. The main experiment in this thesis certifies the presence of a photon in a rather simple way: split the photon into two using a nonlinear optical crystal, then detect one of the pair to herald the other. I show in this first proof-of-principle experiment that photonic qubit precertification indeed preserves qubit states, with up to (92.3± 0.6) % fidelity and rates of 1100 events per hour. With reductions in detector dark counts, precertification could outperform direct transmission, even with extremely lossy fibre links. Finally, I present two sources of photons based on nonlinearities in optical fibres. One of the limitations of the photon splitting scheme for heralding is the low success probability