Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
mTREE: A Customized Multicast-Enabled Tree-Based Network on Chip for AI Chips

The network on chip (NoC) used in the AI chip is required to be able to deliver data to multiple destination endpoints simultaneously. The existing solutions, such as hierarchial mesh (HMESH) and FATTREE all modify the connection between routers to achieve multicasting. Although this method can achieve delivering data to multiple destination endpoints at the same time, it significantly increases the number of routers used and, therefore, brings a huge additional area and power consumption overhead. In order to solve this problem, this work designed a customized multicast-enabled tree-based NoC, named mTREE, by modifying the microarchitecture of the router, including the routing calculation unit, credit counter, and switch allocator. When implemented on Arria10 FPGA, mTREE only brings a 1% increase in resource utilization compared with the traditional tree-topology NoC. Compared with two other multicast-enabled NoCs: 1) FATTREE and 2) HMESH, mTREE can reach a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3.19\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3.50\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.67\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3.02\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> reduction in resource utilization, respectively, and a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4.81\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$8.01\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2.85\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3.03\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> reduction in energy consumption, respectively.
Robust Time Synchronization for Industrial Internet of Things by H∞ Output Feedback Control

Precise timing over timestamped packet-exchange communication is an enabling technology in the mission-critical industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), particularly when satellite-based timing is unavailable. The main challenge is to ensure timing accuracy when the clock synchronization system is subject to disturbances caused by the drifting frequency, time-varying delay, jitter, and timestamping uncertainty. In this work, a robust packet-coupled oscillators (R-PkCOs) protocol is proposed to reduce the effects of perturbations manifested in the drifting clock, timestamping uncertainty, and delays. First, in the spanning-tree clock topology, time synchronization between an arbitrary pair of clocks is modeled as a state-space model, where clock states are coupled with each other by one-way timestamped packet exchange (referred to as packet coupling), and the impacts of both drifting frequency and delays are modeled as disturbances. A static output controller is adopted to adjust the drifting clock. The $H_{\infty }$ robust control design solution is proposed to guarantee that the ratio between the modulus of synchronization precision and the magnitude of the disturbances are always less than a given value. Therefore, the proposed time synchronization protocol is robust against the disturbances, which means that the impacts of drifting frequency and delays on the synchronization accuracy are limited. The one-hour experimental results demonstrate that the proposed R-PkCO’s protocol can realize time synchronization with the precision of 6 $\mu \text{s}$ in a 21-node IEEE 802.15. 4 network. This work has widespread impacts in the process automation of automotive, mining, oil, and gas industries.
Growth of Gracilaria manilaensis Yamamoto et Trono (Rhodophyta) under different light intensities, salinities and pH

Previous studies have demonstrated that the seaweed, Gracilaria manilaensis, has a high potential of producing agar for the food industry, and is a promising candidate as a dietary supplement for treating cancer and neurological disorders. Unfortunately, not many farms culturing G. manilaensis existed particularly in Malaysia. One of the reasons is limited knowledge of suitable environmental conditions needed for efficient production of the seaweed. Therefore, this study was carried out to identify the best growth conditions for G. manilaensis under different light intensities, salinities and pH. To achieve this objective, Gracilaria sp. was collected from a farm and identified based on morphological characteristics before being subjected to three environmental variables simultaneously: light intensities (100 and 1000 lux), salinities (15, 20, 25 and 30 psu) and pH (7.6, 7.8 and 8.0) simultaneously. Specific growth rates were determined for all the treatments. The results showed that G. manilaensis preferred high light intensity (1000 lux), with the growth rate of 1.69 ± 0.08 g/days at the salinity of 15 psu and pH 7.6. No significant differences were found between salinity and growth rate, indicating that G. manilaensis can tolerate a wide range of salinity. The knowledge gained from this study can be used as a guide to increasing the production of G. manilaensis in indoor farming systems. This will ensure sustainable research for G. manilaensis and production.
UAV-Aided Positioning Systems for Ground Devices: Fundamental Limits and Algorithms

High-precision location information formulates the basis of the modern Internet of Things (IoT). However, since the navigation signals from the global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) are frequently attenuated or blocked in urban areas, reliable and high accuracy positioning alternatives are thus required for ground devices (GDs). Due to the advantages of their flexible deployment and extensive coverage, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) show significant potential in this ground localization enhancement system. In this article, we propose a UAV aided positioning (UAP) system for GDs, where the UAVs provide valuable flying Line of Sight (LoS) observations. Specifically, we first give the fundamental limits of the proposed UAP system in terms of the Cramer–Rao low bound (CRLB), where the UAVs are treated as “agents” with unknown positions instead of anchors. Then, we formulate a general UAP method using the nonparametric belief propagation (NBP)-based probabilistic framework, to jointly positioning UAVs and GDs simultaneously. Moreover, a two-step clustering-based solution is given to tackle the data association challenge in the multi-UAV scenarios. We also show that proper data feedback could achieve additional performance advantages without any extra measurements. The optimal multi-UAV deployment strategy is then proposed, by which the potential of the UAP system could be fully characterized. Last but not least, we verify our solutions via numerical simulations and practical experiments, which provide meaningful insights and performance evaluations to the system design and implementations.
An aircraft model for the AIAA Controls Design Challenge

This paper describes a generic, state-of-the-art, high. performance aircraft model, including detailed,full-envelope, nonlinear aer_ynamics, and full-envelope thrust and first-order engine response data. While this model was primarily developed for the AIAA Controls Design Challenge, the availability of such a model provides a common focus forrc_ch inac_nautical controltheoryand methodology. This paper also describes an implementation of this model using the FORTRAN computer language, associated routinesfurnishedwith theaircraftmodel, andtech-niques for interfacingthese routinesto externalprocedures. Figuresshowingvehicle geometry, surfaces
Exosome-Based Treatment for Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease in which lipids accumulate on the walls of blood vessels, thickening and clogging these vessels. It is well known that cell-to-cell communication is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that deliver various substances (e.g., RNA, DNA, and proteins) from the donor cell to the recipient cell and that play an important role in intercellular communication. Atherosclerosis can be either induced or inhibited through cell-to-cell communication using exosomes. An understanding of the function of exosomes as therapeutic tools and in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is necessary to develop new atherosclerosis therapies. In this review, we summarize the studies on the regulation of atherosclerosis through exosomes derived from multiple cells as well as research on exosome-based atherosclerosis treatment.
Threat Modeling and Risk Analysis for Miniaturized Wireless Biomedical Devices

The landscape of miniaturized wireless biomedical devices (MWBDs), including various injectables, ingestibles, implantables, and wearables, is rapidly expanding as proactive mobile healthcare proliferates. While the growth of MWBDs increases the flexibility of medical services, the adoption of these technologies poses privacy and security risks to their users. As a result, while being restricted in resources (size, power, processing, and storage), these devices require trust and must be at least minimally secure in the face of evolving threats. Making MWBDs secure begins with threat modeling. Therefore, this research reviews and summarizes the information on threat modeling applicable to MWBDs. Then, we propose a domain-specific qualitative-quantitative threat model that aims to help the designers and manufacturers of MWBDs to identify threats and embed security in their designs in the premarket phase of the lifecycle of an MWBD. This model is tailored to a wide range of MWBDs. Among the different stakeholders, this model focuses on the user. It also prioritizes noninvasive direct attacks against telemetry interfaces. To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed model, it is compared to some other threat models. To illustrate how the model can be adopted by a threat-modeling team, it is then applied to representative case studies from each category of MWBDs. The outcomes of the performed risk analysis reveal that the model is easy to apply and sufficient to disclose threats.
Immune Profiling of COVID-19 in Correlation with SARS and MERS

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a major complication of the respiratory illness coronavirus disease 2019, with a death rate reaching up to 40%. The main underlying cause of ARDS is a cytokine storm that results in a dysregulated immune response. This review discusses the role of cytokines and chemokines in SARS-CoV-2 and its predecessors SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, with particular emphasis on the elevated levels of inflammatory mediators that are shown to be correlated with disease severity. For this purpose, we reviewed and analyzed clinical studies, research articles, and reviews published on PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science. This review illustrates the role of the innate and adaptive immune responses in SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 and identifies the general cytokine and chemokine profile in each of the three infections, focusing on the most prominent inflammatory mediators primarily responsible for the COVID-19 pathogenesis. The current treatment protocols or medications in clinical trials were reviewed while focusing on those targeting cytokines and chemokines. Altogether, the identified cytokines and chemokines profiles in SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 provide important information to better understand SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and highlight the importance of using prominent inflammatory mediators as markers for disease diagnosis and management. Our findings recommend that the use of immunosuppression cocktails provided to patients should be closely monitored and continuously assessed to maintain the desirable effects of cytokines and chemokines needed to fight the SARS, MERS, and COVID-19. The current gap in evidence is the lack of large clinical trials to determine the optimal and effective dosage and timing for a therapeutic regimen.
A Study to Improve Higher Education for Surveying Professionals in Hong Kong

Abstract The ever-changing market for the construction sector in Hong Kong is having a profound impact on the employability of its professionals. To produce ‘preferred’ graduates, tertiary education institutions need to obtain feedback from professional bodies and other industry stakeholders on course curricula in order to ensure that their graduates will meet the changing needs of the industry. The Department of Building and Real Estate (BRE) has been producing surveying graduates for construction, real estate and related industries for over 30 years. It provides academic programmes with an aim to enable students to develop their full individual potential, to practise and to lead within their chosen professional discipline. In the coming academic year, the existing three surveying degree programmes in BRE will be combined into a common surveying programme with the purposes of widening the knowledge base of the students and providing more flexibility for the graduates to meet the changing market needs. A survey was conducted which aims to assess the perception of the new common surveying programme and to solicit views on improving the academic programmes according to the industry needs. This paper presents the core survey findings obtained from three target groups - i.e. undergraduates in the Department, alumni, and employers. The results reveal the trend in higher education that more generic knowledge for surveying professionals is required at undergraduate level including basic technical skills, language, presentation skills and computer skills. In addition, linkages between higher education institutions and the industry should be strengthened in order to provide practical training. A sandwich programme is also increasingly desirable. This study helps to formulate the new degree programmes and, more importantly, to adjust and improve the curriculum for surveying education in a wider context.
Conversion of furfuryl alcohol to ethyl levulinate in the presence of mesoporous aluminosilicate catalyst

Abstract The one-pot acid-catalyzed the conversion of furfuryl alcohol (FA) to ethyl levulinate (EL) was investigated in the presence of mesoporous aluminosilicate (TUD-1) with a high surface area (up to 579 m2 g−1) and well-interconnected mesospheres synthesized via a solvothermal process and characterized using scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, 27Al-NMR, and N2 sorption isotherm. The resulting solid acid catalyst was tested for the alcoholysis of FA with ethanol, affording 87.8% EL yield under the optimal reaction conditions of 120°C and 4 h. Moreover, the catalyst showed a good reusability with less loss of activity after a simple solvent washing and calcination procedure.
Integrated Design Approach

Recent salmon restoration and rehabilitation efforts have focused on reintroducing spawning gravels to river systems whose sediment supplies have been blocked or altered by dams, in-stream mining, land-use changes and altered flow regimes. Few spawning habitat restoration and/or gravel augmentation projects have considered the fluvial processes that govern how spawning habitat is created, enhanced and maintained given the finite supply of spawning gravels introduced by such projects. East Bay Municipal Utility District (EBMUD) and the University of California at Davis recently embarked on a new approach to implementing salmonid rehabilitation projects to bridge the gap between habitat restoration and fluvial processes. Since 1990, EBMUD has placed over 7645 m3 (10,000 yd3) of gravel at 11 potential salmonid spawning sites on the lower Mokelumne River below Camanche Dam in California. In 1999, the largest of these projects to date was constructed with over 2450 m3 (3200 yd3) of gravel. At that time, UC Davis and EBMUD collaborated to use a 2-D hydrodynamic model and a habitat suitability model in a predictive mode to assess the performance of the ad-hoc design. Model results accurately simulated post project flows and predicted spawning habitat potential (Wang and Pasternack, 2001). That project established the validity of the model and its potential for use in a design context. In seek of a scientifically based, objective design process, UC Davis and EBMUD developed the Integrated Design Approach and employed it to design an instream spawning habitat enhancement project that EBMUD constructed in August of 2001.
Factors Associated with Glycaemic Control among Diabetic Subjects in Essaouira Province, Morocco: A Cross-Sectional Study

Aims: The objectives of this study are to determine the frequency of poor glycaemic control, defined by a glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) rate ≥ 7% in diabetic subjects in the province of Essaouira (Morocco), and to identify the associations between poor glycaemic control and socio-demographic, psychosocial, and pathology-related factors in the diabetic subject. Study Design: This is a a quantitative analytical cross-sectional study. Methodology : A face-to-face interview was conducted with 522 diabetic subjects followed at 12 health centers ,4 urban and 8 rural, in the province of Essaouira, between January and December 2020 Results: The mean age of the subjects was 57 years,78% female and 22% male. HbA1c was≥7% in 60% of cases. Rural residence (OR=2.75, 95% CI: 1.86-4.05), poor observance of medication (OR=5.57, 95% CI: 3.07-10.11), poor observance of hygiene and dietary rules (OR=4.1, 95% CI: 2.76-6.11), duration of diabetes more than 8,4 years (OR=1.96, 95% CI: 1.35-2.85), low monthly income (OR=1.96, 95% CI: 1.35-2.85) , were statistically associated with poor glycaemic control. On the other hand, being a member of a diabetes association (OR=2, 95% CI: 1.31-3.06) and having good support from family and friends (OR=1.96, 95% CI: 1.35-2.85) have positively influence glycaemic control. Conclusion: More than half of the diabetic subjects had a poor glycaemic control, the diabetic subjects living in rural areas, having a poor observance of medication, having a poor observance of hygiene and dietary rules and having a duration of evolution of the disease more than 8,4 years are more susceptible to have glycaemic imbalance.
Burnout syndrome in the banking sector of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Introduction: Burnout syndrome in some European countries is recognized as an occupational disease. In the past time, it has been identified predominantly in the service sectors such as healthcare, social services, mental health and education, but later it started to be predominant in other occupations with high job requirements and time pressure. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of burnout at work among the bank employees of Sarajevo Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in banks (n = 6) located in Sarajevo Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina, between January and April 2018. Employees filled out an anonymous questionnaire, after their written informed consent had been obtained. The study included employees regardless of their job positions and job seniority.Results: The total number of surveyed employees was 260. There are not statistically significant gender differences (p = 0.854¸ p < 0.05) compared to the total Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) score. Statistically significant differences in relation to the total MBI score were observed in the examinees who have been working in the banking sector between 15 and 20 years (p = 0.04; p < 0.05) and examinees working temporarily <2 h/week (p = 0.016; p < 0.05), that is, more than 8 h/week (p = 0.015; p < 0.05). Mid value and standard deviation of the score in the subscale of emotional exhaustion (EE) is 26.26 ± 11.15, which shows that one third of the examinees are in high risk of EE.Conclusion: We can conclude that less than one third of examinees are in high risk of burnout syndrome.
Loss Analysis and Efficiency Improvement of the Axial Flux Type Generator with Coreless Windings

Lately, the application of axial flux type permanent magnet machine with coreless windings for high speed electric machines and electric vehicles have been discussed, from the standpoint of efficiency and size.In this paper, loss analysis and efficiency improvement of the axial flux type with coreless windings generator are given. The loss is examined based on the experimental data. In order to separate each loss, the prototype was fabricated of which component materials are interchangeable. The eddy current loss generated in the frame structure and the inside of the copper wire are examined. To decrease the eddy current loss, the thin Litz wire and the non -magnetic frame structure are recommended. Finally, the prototype having the output of 750W and the rated speed of 3, 600rpm, has been constructed, which has shown high efficiency of 96% (including machine loss) and 98.9% (excluding machine loss).
A comprehensive review on Arabic word sense disambiguation for natural language processing applications

In communication, textual data are a vital attribute. In all languages, ambiguous or polysemous words' meaning changes depending on the context in which they are used. The ability to determine the ambiguous word's correct meaning is a Know‐distill challenging task in natural language processing (NLP). Word sense disambiguation (WSD) is an NLP process to analyze and determine the correct meaning of polysemous words in a text. WSD is a computational linguistics task that automatically identifies the polysemous word's set of senses. Based on the context some word comes into view, WSD recognizes and tags the word to its correct priori known meaning. Semitic languages like Arabic have even more significant challenges than other languages since Arabic lacks diacritics, standardization, and a massive shortage of available resources. Recently, many approaches and techniques have been suggested to solve word ambiguity dilemmas in many different ways and several languages. In this review paper, an extensive survey of research works is presented, seeking to solve Arabic word sense disambiguation with the existing AWSD datasets.
Urban Road Travel Speed Estimation Based on Low Sampling Floating Car Data

Using traffic data collected by floating car is a feasible way to determine road network traffic conditions. But conventional travel speed estimation from high sampling floating car data (FCD) is not applicable in practice. In this paper we propose a method for estimating road travel speed from low sampling FCD based on a trajectory-based approach, which also takes intersections into consideration. The experiment demonstrates that this approach can achieve a trade-off between low sampling FCD and higher estimation accuracy, and can be further used for traffic state analysis and short-term prediction.
Robust backstepping non‐smooth practical tracking for nonlinear systems with mismatched uncertainties

This article investigates the robust finite‐time output tracking control problem for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems subject to mismatched uncertainties and external disturbances. The nonlinear systems with nonstrict‐feedback form are considered, which possess unknown control coefficients and uncertainties bounded by nonnegative convex functions. Based on signal compensation theory and backstepping methodology, a new robust finite‐time controller is proposed, which incorporates a non‐smooth time‐invariant controller to achieve finite‐time convergence property and a robust compensator introduced to restrain the influences of uncertainties. With the help of finite‐time Lyapunov theorem, the robust finite‐time tracking performance of the closed‐loop system is proved. Finally, two simulation examples are given to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control approach.