Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Yseop at FinSim-3 Shared Task 2021: Specializing Financial Domain Learning with Phrase Representations

In this paper, we present our approaches for the FinSim-3 Shared Task 2021: Learning Semantic Similarities for the Financial Domain. The aim of this shared task is to correctly classify a list of given terms from the financial domain into the most relevant hypernym (or top-level) concept in an external ontology. For our system submission, we evaluate two methods: a Sentence-RoBERTa (SRoBERTa) embeddings model pre-trained on a custom corpus, and a dual word-sentence embeddings model that builds on the first method by improving the proposed baseline word embeddings construction using the FastText model to boost the classification performance. Our system ranks 2nd overall on both metrics, scoring 0.917 on Average Accuracy and 1.141 on Mean Rank.
Q&A MAESTRO: Q&A Post Recommendation for Fixing Java Runtime Exceptions

Programmers often use Q&A sites (e.g., Stack Overflow) to understand a root cause of program bugs. Runtime exceptions is one of such important class of bugs that is actively discussed on Stack Overflow. However, it may be difficult for beginner programmers to come up with appropriate keywords for search. Moreover, they need to switch their attentions between IDE and browser, and it is time-consuming. To overcome these difficulties, we proposed a method, "Q&A MAESTRO", to find suitable Q&A posts automatically for Java runtime exception by utilizing structure information of codes described in programming Q&A website. In this paper, we describe a usage scenario of IDE-plugin, the architecture and user interface of the implementation, and results of user studies. A video is available at https://youtu.be/4X24jJrMUVw. A demo software is available at https://github.com/FujitsuLaboratories/Q-A-MAESTRO.
An Extensible and Modular Design and Implementation of Monte Carlo Tree Search for the JVM

Flexible implementations of Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS), combined with domain specific knowledge and hybridization with other search algorithms, can be a very powerful for the solution of problems in complex planning. We introduce mctreesearch4j, a standard MCTS implementation written as a standard JVM library following key design principles of object oriented programming. We define key class abstractions allowing the MCTS library to flexibly adapt to any well defined Markov Decision Process or turn-based adversarial game. Furthermore, our library is designed to be modular and extensible, utilizing class inheritance and generic typing to standardize custom algorithm definitions. We demon- strate that the design of the MCTS implementation provides ease of adaptation for unique heuristics and customization across varying Markov Decision Process (MDP) domains. In addition, the implementation is reasonably performant and accurate for standard MDP’s. In addition, via the implementation of mctreesearch4j, the nuances of different types of MCTS algorithms are discussed.
Comparison of Limit Sets for the Action of Kleinian Groups in $\mathbb{C}P^n$

We compare different notions of limit sets for the action of Kleinian groups on the n−dimensional projective space via the irreducible representation % : PSL(2;C) → PSL(n + 1;C): In particular, we prove that if the Kleinian group is convex-cocompact, the Myrberg and the Kulkarni limit coincide.
Credit Card Fraud Detection using Machine Learning: A Study

As the world is rapidly moving towards digitization and money transactions are becoming cashless, the use of credit cards has rapidly increased. The fraud activities associated with it have also been increasing which leads to a huge loss to the financial institutions. Therefore, we need to analyze and detect the fraudulent transaction from the non-fraudulent ones. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of various methods used to detect credit card fraud. These methodologies include Hidden Markov Model, Decision Trees, Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machines (SVM), Genetic algorithm, Neural Networks, Random Forests, Bayesian Belief Network. A comprehensive analysis of various techniques is presented. We conclude the paper with the pros and cons of the same as stated in the respective papers.
A template for the arxiv style

Society could soon see transformative artificial intelligence (TAI). Models of competition for TAI show firms face strong competitive pressure to deploy TAI systems before they are safe. This paper explores a proposed solution to this problem, a Windfall Clause, where developers commit to donating a significant portion of any eventual extremely large profits to good causes. However, a key challenge for a Windfall Clause is that firms must have reason to join one. Firms must also believe these commitments are credible. We extend a model of TAI competition with a Windfall Clause to show how firms and policymakers can design a Windfall Clause which overcomes these challenges. Encouragingly, firms benefit from joining a Windfall Clause under a wide range of scenarios. We also find that firms join the Windfall Clause more often when the competition is more dangerous. Even when firms learn each other’s capabilities, firms rarely wish to withdraw their support for the Windfall Clause. These three findings strengthen the case for using a Windfall Clause to promote the safe development of TAI. ∗paolobova@protonmail.com †jonas.mueller@gmail.com ‡ben.harack@gmail.com ar X iv :2 10 8. 09 40 4v 1 [ cs . C Y ] 2 0 A ug 2 02 1 Safe Transformative AI via a Windfall Clause TECHNICAL REPORT
The role of SHP/REV-ERBα/CYP4A axis in the pathogenesis of alcohol-associated liver disease

Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) represents a spectrum of histopathological changes, including alcoholic steatosis, steatohepatitis, and cirrhosis. One of the early responses to excessive alcohol consumption is lipid accumulation in the hepatocytes. Lipid ω-hydroxylation of medium- and long-chain fatty acid metabolized by the cytochrome P450 4A (CYP4A) family is an alternative pathway for fatty acid metabolism. The molecular mechanisms of CYP4A in ALD pathogenesis have not been elucidated. In this study, WT and Shp−/− mice were fed with a modified ethanol-binge, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism model (10 days of ethanol feeding plus single binge). Liver tissues were collected every 6 hours for 24 hours and analyzed using RNA-Seq. The effects of REV-ERBα agonist (SR9009, 100 mg/kg/d) or CYP4A antagonist (HET0016, 5 mg/kg/d) in ethanol-fed mice were also evaluated. We found that hepatic Cyp4a10 and Cyp4a14 expression were significantly upregulated in WT mice, but not in Shp−/− mice, fed with ethanol. ChIP quantitative PCR and promoter assay revealed that REV-ERBα is the transcriptional repressor of Cyp4a10 and Cyp4a14. Rev-Erbα−/− hepatocytes had a marked induction of both Cyp4a genes and lipid accumulation. REV-ERBα agonist SR9009 or CYP4A antagonist HET0016 attenuated Cyp4a induction by ethanol and prevented alcohol-induced steatosis. Here, we have identified a role for the SHP/REV-ERBα/CYP4A axis in the pathogenesis of ALD. Our data also suggest REV-ERBα or CYP4A as the potential therapeutic targets for ALD.
Rehabilitation of a patient with bilateral rectus abdominis full thickness tear sustained in recreational strength training: a case report

ABSTRACT Study Design Case Report. Background Abdominal wall muscle injuries have been reported in handball, tennis, and baseball; however, a bilateral full-thickness tear of the rectus abdominis muscle and its rehabilitation have not previously been described. This report aims to describe a case of an acute bilateral full-thickness rectus abdominis tear simulating an acute abdomen that presented to an emergency department. Case Description A 25-year-old male (169 cm, 84 kg) was transferred to the emergency room due to severe lancinating (Numerical Pain Rating 10/10) abdominal pain that occurred during weight training at a gym. An orthopedic surgeon, an internist, and a general surgeon assessed him for internal and surgical emergencies. The magnetic resonance imaging of his abdomen revealed a bilateral full-thickness tear of the rectus abdominis muscle. The patient was given an option of surgical repair of the RA, but he refused. Six weeks later, he attended our sports medicine department. A criteria-based rehabilitation program was planned, with weekly follow-ups. Outcomes The patient could walk pain-free at 4th week and jog at 10th week of rehabilitation. Significant improvements in the range of movement of the trunk, pain levels and functional capacity were noted at discharge and 6 and 12-month follow-ups. Discussion Clinical management of this patient is described in detail, with emphasis on diagnostic ultrasonography. The structured rehabilitation program used for this patient resulted in a return to pre-injury level function.
A map of metabolic phenotypes in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a debilitating disease usually presenting after infection. Emerging evidence supports that energy metabolism is affected in ME/CFS, but a unifying metabolic phenotype has not been firmly established. We performed global metabolomics, lipidomics, and hormone measurements, and we used exploratory data analyses to compare serum from 83 patients with ME/CFS and 35 healthy controls. Some changes were common in the patient group, and these were compatible with effects of elevated energy strain and altered utilization of fatty acids and amino acids as catabolic fuels. In addition, a set of heterogeneous effects reflected specific changes in 3 subsets of patients, and 2 of these expressed characteristic contexts of deregulated energy metabolism. The biological relevance of these metabolic phenotypes (metabotypes) was supported by clinical data and independent blood analyses. In summary, we report a map of common and context-dependent metabolic changes in ME/CFS, and some of them presented possible associations with clinical patient profiles. We suggest that elevated energy strain may result from exertion-triggered tissue hypoxia and lead to systemic metabolic adaptation and compensation. Through various mechanisms, such metabolic dysfunction represents a likely mediator of key symptoms in ME/CFS and possibly a target for supportive intervention.
Operationalizing legal rights in end-of- life decision-making: A qualitative study

Background: For a patient’s legal right to make end-of-life treatment decisions to be respected, health care practitioners, patients and their substitute decision-makers must know what rights exist and how to assert them (or support others to assert them). Yet very little is known about what enhances or obstructs the operationalization of legal rights from the perspective of patients, family members and substitute decision-makers. Aim: To explore barriers and facilitators to the operationalization of rights in end-of-life decision-making from the perspectives of terminally-ill patients and family members and substitute decision-makers of terminally ill patients in Australia. Design: Semi-structured interviews (face to face and telephone) with patients, family or substitute decision-makers experienced in end-of-life decision-making completed between November 2016 and October 2017. A thematic content analysis of interview transcripts. Setting/participants: Purposive sampling across three Australian states provided 16 terminally-ill patients and 33 family and/or substitute decision-makers. Results: Barriers and facilitators emerged across three overlapping domains: systemic factors; individual factors, influenced by personal characteristics and decision-making approach; and communication and information. Health care practitioners play a key role in either supporting or excluding patients, family and substitute decision-makers in decision-making. Conclusion: In addition to enhancing legal literacy of community members and health practitioners about end-of-life decision-making, support such as open communication, advocacy and help with engaging with advanced care planning is needed to facilitate people operationalizing their legal rights, powers and duties. Palliative care and other support services should be more widely available to people both within and outside health systems.
Sperm cryopreservation in an Australian skink (Eulamprus quoyii).

Assisted reproductive technologies for population and genetic management for threatened herpetofauna have grown substantially in the past decade. Here we describe experiments to optimise sperm cryopreservation in a model squamate, the eastern water skink Eulamprus quoyii. Small, concentrated volumes of highly motile spermatozoa were reliably collected from adult male E. quoyii by non-lethal ventral massage. Samples were used to: (1) test whether protein-rich diluents, namely Beltsville poultry semen extender (BPSE) and TES and Tris (TEST) yolk buffer (TYB), improve post-thaw quality metrics compared with Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS); and (2) compare the efficacy of these diluents in combination with either 1.35M glycerol or 1.35M dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at two freezing rates, fast (approximately -20°C min-1) versus slow (-6°C min-1). Glycerol and DMSO performed equally well in preserving spermatozoa under slow freezing rates. Under these conditions, the use of the complex diluents BPSE and TYB significantly improved post-thaw total motility compared with DPBS. Complex interactions occurred between cryodiluent type, cryoprotectant and freezing rate when testing fast versus slow freezing rates among treatment groups. Under slow freezing rates, DMSO was better at preserving membrane integrity and motility, regardless of diluent type, but successful fast freezing required complex diluents to support motility and membrane integrity, which has implications for implementation in a field setting.
Clostridioides difficile SpoVAD and SpoVAE Interact and Are Required for Dipicolinic Acid Uptake into Spores

C. difficile spore heat resistance provides an avenue for it to survive the disinfection protocols in hospital and community settings. The spore heat resistance is mainly the consequence of the high DPA content within the spore core. ABSTRACT Clostridioides difficile spores, like the spores from most endospore-forming organisms, are a metabolically dormant stage of development with a complex structure that conveys considerable resistance to environmental conditions, e.g., wet heat. This resistance is due to the large amount of dipicolinic acid (DPA) that is taken up by the spore core, preventing rotational motion of the core proteins. DPA is synthesized by the mother cell, and its packaging into the spore core is mediated by the products of the spoVA operon, which has a variable number of genes, depending on the organism. C. difficile encodes 3 spoVA orthologues, spoVAC, spoVAD, and spoVAE. Prior work has shown that C. difficile SpoVAC is a mechanosensing protein responsible for DPA release from the spore core upon the initiation of germination. However, the roles of SpoVAD and SpoVAE remain unclear in C. difficile. In this study, we analyzed the roles of SpoVAD and SpoVAE and found that they are essential for DPA uptake into the spore, similar to SpoVAC. Using split luciferase protein interaction assays, we found that these proteins interact, and we propose a model where SpoVAC/SpoVAD/SpoVAE proteins interact at or near the inner spore membrane, and each member of the complex is essential for DPA uptake into the spore core. IMPORTANCE C. difficile spore heat resistance provides an avenue for it to survive the disinfection protocols in hospital and community settings. The spore heat resistance is mainly the consequence of the high DPA content within the spore core. By elucidating the mechanism by which DPA is taken up by the spore core, this study may provide insight into how to disrupt the spore heat resistance with the aim of making the current disinfection protocols more efficient at preventing the spread of C. difficile in the environment.
2D/2D Heterojunction of Ultrathin MXene/Bi2WO6 Nanosheets for Improved Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction

Exploring cheap and efficient cocatalysts for enhancing the performance of photocatalysts is a challenge in the energy conversion field. Herein, 2D ultrathin Ti3C2 nanosheets, a kind of MXenes, are prepared by etching Ti3AlC2 with subsequent ultrasonic exfoliation. A novel 2D/2D heterojunction of ultrathin Ti3C2/Bi2WO6 nanosheets is then successfully prepared by in situ growth of Bi2WO6 ultrathin nanosheets on the surface of these Ti3C2 ultrathin nanosheets. The resultant Ti3C2/Bi2WO6 hybrids exhibit a short charge transport distance and a large interface contact area, assuring excellent bulk‐to‐surface and interfacial charge transfer abilities. Meanwhile, the improved specific surface area and pore structure endow Ti3C2/Bi2WO6 hybrids with an enhanced CO2 adsorption capability. As a result, the 2D/2D heterojunction of ultrathin Ti3C2/Bi2WO6 nanosheets shows significant improvement on the performance of photocatalytic CO2 reduction under simulated solar irradiation. The total yield of CH4 and CH3OH obtained on the optimized Ti3C2/Bi2WO6 hybrid is 4.6 times that obtained on pristine Bi2WO6 ultrathin nanosheets. This work provides a new protocol for constructing 2D/2D photocatalytic systems and demonstrates Ti3C2 as a promising and cheap cocatalyst.
Hand grip strength and chair stand test amongst Greenlandic Inuit: reference values and international comparisons

ABSTRACT Muscle strength is an important predictor for function and mortality among older adults. We measured hand grip strength among 1442 participants aged 15+ years and carried out a 30 second chair stand test among 786 participants aged 55+ years. Neither test has been carried out among the Inuit before. We present reference values for men and women as means with standard deviations and medians with 10th, 25th, 75th and 90th percentiles. Hand grip strength was higher among men than among women (means 45.2 kg and 25.8 kg; p < 0.0001), in linear regression analyses it increased with height (βmen = 0.69; βwomen = 0.46), weight (βmen = 0.24; βwomen = 0.08) and body mass index (βmen = 0.56; βwomen = 0.24), and decreased with age (βmen = −0.49; βwomen = −0.29) and Inuit genetic ancestry (βmen = −0.96; βwomen = −0.59). Chair stand score showed similar associations with sex (mean score for men and women 13.8 and 11.5; p < 0.0001), age (βmen = −0.22; βwomen = −0.20) and Inuit genetic ancestry (βmen = −0.38; βwomen = −0.41). The hand grip strength of the Inuit was at the same level as in European and North American populations whereas chair stand score was lower than that of a mostly white US population.
The rate of child restraint system use among children aged under six years in China

Aims: The child restraint system (CRS) for vehicles is designed to provide specialized protection for children in the event of a crash. The aim of the study was to investigate the rate of CRS use and analyze the factors associated with CRS use among children aged under six years in China, and to provide further insight into developing strategies for promoting public health education. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. The study sites were 36 primary healthcare institutions in 12 provinces across China, and the participants were 34,503 guardians of children aged 0–6 years. Guardians who owned private cars were included and completed surveys about their experience using CRS. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using multivariate logistic regression models. Results: The overall rate of CRS use among children aged under six years in China was 17.3%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that living in an urban area, low age of the child, guardians having higher education and being looked after by parents had a significant positive association with CRS use among children aged under six years. Conclusions: This study confirms that there is a low rate of CRS use among children aged under six years in China, highlighting the considerable need for CRS use education, advocacy and promotion of increasing use.
Prognostic value of copeptin in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with percutaneous coronary intervention: a prospective cohort study

Background Ischemic myocardial injury leads to neurohormonal system activation and increased release of copeptin. Although diagnostic value of copeptin has been widely described, data on its prognostic performance in patients with myocardial infarction is inconclusive. The aim of this study was to asses if elevated copeptin concentration provides prognostic information for long-term adverse cardiac events in a cohort of first acute myocardial infarction patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods Copeptin concentration was assessed in a cohort of 100 consecutive patients (39% women; mean age 63±7 years) presenting with first acute myocardial infarction and subjected to percutaneous coronary intervention. Samples were collected at the time of admission and on the 4th/5th day of hospitalisation. All patients were followed-up prospectively for 12 months for the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events defined as reinfarction, unscheduled coronary revascularisation and all-cause death. Results Elevated copeptin concentration on the 4th/5th day of hospitalisation was identified as a predictor of major adverse cardiovascular events (P=0.0445). The increase between copeptin level on admission and on day 4th/5th was associated with the requirement for unscheduled coronary revascularisation in receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis (AUC =0.639; 95% CI: 0.504–0.773; P=0.0430). In a multivariate analysis, copeptin concentration on the 4th/5th day of hospitalisation and left ventricular ejection fraction assessed by transthoracic echocardiography, were the only predictors for major adverse cardiac events during follow-up (P=0.024 and P=0.001, respectively). Conclusions Copeptin seems to be a prognostic marker in patients with first myocardial infarction treated with percutaneous coronary intervention.
Development of a stand-alone index for the assessment of diet quality in elementary school-aged children

Abstract Objective: To develop and evaluate a stand-alone Elementary School-aged Children’s Index of Diet Quality (ES-CIDQ). Design: In this cross-sectional study, children filled in a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) with twenty-nine multiple-item questions on the consumption of foods, portion sizes and eating frequency and a 5-d food diary. Nutrient intakes were calculated with nutrient analysis software. FFQ questions best reflecting a health-promoting diet with reference to dietary recommendations were identified by correlations, logistic regression modelling and receiver-operating characteristics curve analysis. Setting: Southwest and Eastern Finland. Participants: Healthy elementary school-aged volunteers [n 266, mean (sd) age 9·7 (1·7) years] were recruited between March 2017 and February 2018. Results: A set of questions was identified from the FFQ that best depicted the children’s diet quality as defined in the dietary recommendations. These fifteen questions were scored and formulated into a stand-alone index as a continuous index score (range 0–16·5 points) and a two-category score: good and poor diet quality. The cut-off score of six points for a good diet quality had a sensitivity of 0·60 and a specificity of 0·78. Children with a good diet quality (49·8 % of the children) had higher intakes of protein, dietary fibre, and several vitamins and minerals, and lower intakes of sucrose, total fat, SFA and cholesterol compared to children with a poor diet quality. Conclusions: The developed short stand-alone index depicted diet quality as defined in the dietary recommendations. Thus, ES-CIDQ may be used for assessing diet quality in Finnish elementary school-aged children in school health care and nutrition research.