Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Academic Anxiety among Primary School Students

The main objective of the present research was to study the academic anxiety of Gujarati and English medium primary schools in Gandhinagar City. The study population was the Gujarati medium and English medium school students of Gandhinagar City. With the help of the Random Sampling technique, Gandhinagar City was selected from four taluka, and the researcher selected 200 students from six English medium and 200 students from six Gujarati medium primary schools. A total of 400 students were selected as a sample, of which 100 boys and 100 girls were taken from Gujarati medium Primary school, and 100 boys and 100 girls were taken from English medium Primary school. In this study, the researcher used the survey method of research. The Academic Anxiety Scale for Children (AASC), developed and standardized by Singh, A.K. and Dr. A. Sen Gupta, will be used for measuring academic anxiety was used for research. Collected data were analyzed by t-test. Both medium students have the same academic anxiety, or we can say there is no academic anxiety in both medium students. Nevertheless, Gujarati medium students have more academic anxiety than English medium students. Gujarati medium girl’s students have more academic anxiety than English medium girl’s students.
Direct Torque Control of Induction Motors

This paper presents an improved Direct Torque Control (DTC) of induction motor. DTC drive gives the high torque ripple. In DTC induction motor drive there are torque and flux ripples because none of the VSI states is able to generate the exact voltage value required to make zero both the torque electromagnetic error and the stator flux error. To overcome this problem a torque hysteresis band with variable amplitude is proposed based on fuzzy logic. The fuzzy logic controller is used to reducing the torque and flux ripples and it improve performance DTC especially at low speed.
Cardinality estimates for some classes of regular languages

Abstract We consider a method that modifies regular expressions in order to solve the “exponential explosion” problem on the number of states of the finite automaton that recognizes a set of regular languages defined by the union of regular expressions of the form . ∗ R1. ∗ R2. ∗, where R1 and R2 are arbitrary regular expressions. We estimate the growth functions of regular languages from a subclass of the described class of regular languages and propose a method for estimation of relative growth of the number of words for the modification of a language defined by a pair of regular expressions.We also analyse practical eficiency of the proposed modification method and estimation method for the case of regular expressions from the system Snort.
FULL IMPLICATION TRIPLE I ALGORITHMS AND THEIR CONSISTENCY IN FUZZY REASONING

Fuzzy reasoning is the mathematical and logical foundation of fuzzy control. How- ever, the conventional CRI algorithms of fuzzy reasoning are short of solid logic foundation. The full implication trip1e I algorithms proposed recently efficiently improve CRI algo- rithms. In this paper, computing formulas and consistency of the triple I algorithms are studied generally, so that the most existing results are included as the special cases of the re- sults given out here. Some new results are obtained with new ideas.
Racial Differences in Associations Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Physical, Mental, and Behavioral Health

Introduction: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with poor adulthood health, with individuals experiencing multiple ACEs at greatest risk. Multiracial people have high mean ACEs scores and elevated risk of several outcomes, but are infrequently the focus of health equity research. This study aimed to determine whether this group should be targeted for prevention efforts. Methods: We analyzed Waves 1 (1994-95), 3 (2001-02), and 4 (2008-09) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (n = 12,372) in 2023, estimating associations between four or more ACEs and physical (metabolic syndrome, hypertension, asthma), mental (anxiety, depression), and behavioral (suicidal ideation, drug use) outcomes. We estimated risk ratios for each outcome in modified Poisson models with a race x ACEs interaction, adjusted for hypothesized confounders of the ACE-outcome relationships. We used the interaction contrast to estimate excess cases per 1,000 individuals for each group relative to Multiracial participants. Results: Excess case estimates of asthma were significantly smaller for White (-123 cases, 95% CI: -251, -4), Black (-141, 95% CI: -285, -6), and Asian (-169, 95% CI: -334, -7) participants compared to Multiracial participants. Black (-100, 95% CI: -189, -10), Asian (-163, 95% CI: -247, -79) and Indigenous (-144, 95% CI: -252, -42) participants had significantly fewer excess cases of and weaker (p < 0.001) relative scale association with anxiety compared to Multiracial participants. Conclusions: Adjusted associations between ACEs and asthma or anxiety appear stronger for Multiracial people than other groups. ACEs are universally harmful but may contribute disproportionately to morbidity in this population.
Causal Interactions in Brain Networks Predict Pain Levels in Trigeminal Neuralgia

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a highly debilitating facial pain condition. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the main method for generating insights into the central mechanisms of TN pain in humans. Studies have found both structural and functional abnormalities in various brain structures in TN patients as compared with healthy controls. Whereas studies have also examined aberrations in brain networks in TN, no studies have to date investigated causal interactions in these brain networks and related these causal interactions to the levels of TN pain. We recorded fMRI data from 39 TN patients who either rested comfortably in the scanner during the resting state session or tracked their pain levels during the pain tracking session. Applying Granger causality to analyze the data and requiring consistent findings across the two scanning sessions, we found 5 causal interactions, including: (1) Thalamus -> dACC, (2) Caudate -> Inferior temporal gyrus, (3) Precentral gyrus -> Inferior temporal gyrus, (4) Supramarginal gyrus -> Inferior temporal gyrus, and (5) Bankssts -> Inferior temporal gyrus, that were consistently associated with the levels of pain experienced by the patients. Utilizing these 5 causal interactions as predictor variables and the pain score as the predicted variable in a linear multiple regression model, we found that in both pain tracking and resting state sessions, the model was able to explain ~36% of the variance in pain levels, and importantly, the model trained on the 5 causal interaction values from one session was able to predict pain levels using the 5 causal interaction values from the other session, thereby cross-validating the models. These results, obtained by applying novel analytical methods to neuroimaging data, provide important insights into the pathophysiology of TN and could inform future studies aimed at developing innovative therapies for treating TN.
Age classes stratified by risk and adaptive behavior during epidemics

Heterogeneity in contact patterns, mortality rates, and transmissibility among and between different age classes can have significant effects on epidemic outcomes. Adaptive behavior in response to the spread of an infectious pathogen may give rise to complex epidemiological dynamics. Here we model an infectious disease in which adaptive behavior incentives, and mortality rates, can vary between three age classes. The model indicates that age-dependent variability in infection aversion can produce more complex epidemic dynamics at lower levels of pathogen transmissibility.
Building Capacity for Research Ethics Committees in Uganda

Timely communication from Research Ethics Committees (REC) to researchers is essential to meet deadlines. We conducted a capacity building program for REC members, REC and research administrators, and researchers from seven RECs in Uganda in order to improve the research regulatory approval cycle. The training was delivered from March 2020 to July 2021. Trainees were evaluated using pre and post-training tests. There was an increase in the average score from 38% to 53% in pre and post-training test respectively for the personal effectiveness and leadership programme for REC and research administrators. There was an increase in the average score of from 53.9% to 70.1% in pre and post-training test respectively for training on emerging and complex study designs. We achieved shift in knowledge and skills in use of the National Research Information Management System. We recommend regular training of REC members and administrators for efficient review of research protocols.
AAV induces hepatic necroptosis and carcinoma in diabetic and obese mice dependent on Pebp1 pathway

Obesity and diabetes are risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, the underlying mechanisms are yet to be elucidated. Adeno‐associated virus (AAV) frequently infects humans and has been widely used in gene therapy, but the risk of AAV infection such as HCC should be further evaluated. Here, we show that recombinant AAV injection caused liver injury, hepatic necroptosis, and HCC in db/db or high‐fat diet‐induced hyperglycemic and obese mice, but not in mice with only hyperglycemia or obesity. Prednisone administration or knockdown of Pebp1, highly expressed in db/db mice, alleviated hepatic injury and necroptosis induced by recombinant AAV in mice with diabetes and obesity. Inhibition of Pebp1 pathway also attenuated inflammation and necroptosis in vitro. Our findings show that AAV infection is a critical risk factor for HCC in patients with diabetes and obesity, and AAV gene therapy for these patients should be carefully evaluated. Both prednisone treatment and targeting Pebp1 pathway are promising strategies to alleviate inflammation and necroptosis that occurred in AAV gene therapy or related diseases.
Applications of trimetallic nanomaterials as Non-Enzymatic glucose sensors

Abstract Objective This article critically reviews recent research on the use of trimetallic nanomaterials for the fabrication of non-enzymatic glucose sensors (NEGS), also known as fourth-generation glucose sensors (FGGS). Significance Diabetes is a prevalent chronic disease worldwide, and glucose monitoring is crucial for its management. However, conventional enzymatic glucose sensors suffer from several technological drawbacks, and there is a need to develop new-generation glucose sensors that can overcome these limitations. NEGS, particularly those composed of trimetallic nanocomposites, have demonstrated promising results in terms of improved shelf life, higher sensitivity, and simplicity of operation during glucose measurement. Methods In this review, we discuss the different trimetallic nanomaterials developed and used by researchers in recent years for glucose detection, including their mechanisms of action. We also provide a brief discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of FGGS-based trimetallic nanomaterials, as well as the industrial challenges in this area of research. Results Trimetallic nanomaterials for FGGS have shown excellent reproducibility and high stability, making them suitable for continuous glucose monitoring. The different types of trimetallic nanomaterials have varying sensing properties, and their performance can be tuned by controlling their synthesis parameters. Conclusion Trimetallic nanomaterials are a promising avenue for the development of FGGS, recent research has demonstrated their potential for glucose monitoring. However, there are still some challenges that need to be addressed before their widespread adoption, such as their long-term stability and cost-effectiveness. Further research in this area is needed to overcome these challenges and to develop commercially viable FGGS for diabetes management.
Asiatic acid ameliorates rifampicin‐ and isoniazid‐induced liver injury in vivo by regulating sphingolipid metabolism and mitogen‐activated protein kinase signalling pathways

In this study, we aimed to determine whether asiatic acid (AA) exerts any therapeutic effects on rifampicin (RFP)‐ and isoniazid (INH)‐induced liver injury and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Briefly, liver injury in mice was induced via RFP and INH administration. We investigated the effects and potential action mechanisms of AA on liver injury using transcriptomics, metabolomics and various examinations. We found that AA significantly ameliorated the pathological changes in liver tissues and decreased the transaminase activity, inflammation and oxidative stress damage. Transcriptomics revealed 147 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the AA and model groups that were enriched in metabolic and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathways. Metabolomics revealed 778 differentially expressed metabolites between the AA and model groups. Furthermore, integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses revealed strong correlations between DEGs and differentially expressed metabolites and indicated that AA regulates the sphingolipid metabolism by inhibiting the expression of delta 4‐desaturase, sphingolipid 1. Experimental results confirmed that AA inhibited the MAPK signalling pathway. In summary, AA inhibits inflammation and oxidative stress damage by regulating the sphingolipid metabolism pathway and blocking the MAPK signalling pathway, thereby relieving the RFP/INH‐induced liver injury.
Extracellular vesicles from human plasma dampen inflammation and promote tissue repair functions in macrophages

Abstract Although inflammation is a vital defence response to infection, if left uncontrolled, it can lead to pathology. Macrophages are critical players both in driving the inflammatory response and in the subsequent events required for restoring tissue homeostasis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane‐enclosed structures released by cells that mediate intercellular communication and are present in all biological fluids, including blood. Herein, we show that extracellular vesicles from plasma (pEVs) play a relevant role in the control of inflammation by counteracting PAMP‐induced macrophage activation. Indeed, pEV‐treatment of macrophages simultaneously with or prior to PAMP exposure reduced the secretion of pro‐inflammatory IL‐6 and TNF‐α and increased IL‐10 response. This anti‐inflammatory activity was associated with the promotion of tissue‐repair functions in macrophages, characterized by augmented efferocytosis and pro‐angiogenic capacity, and increased expression of VEGFa, CD300e, RGS2 and CD93, genes involved in cell growth and tissue remodelling. We also show that simultaneous stimulation of macrophages with a PAMP and pEVs promoted COX2 expression and CREB phosphorylation as well as the accumulation of higher concentrations of PGE2 in cell culture supernatants. Remarkably, the anti‐inflammatory activity of pEVs was abolished if cells were treated with a pharmacological inhibitor of COX2, indicating that pEV‐mediated induction of COX2 is critical for the pEV‐mediated inhibition of inflammation. Finally, we show that pEVs added to monocytes prior to their M‐CSF‐induced differentiation to macrophages increased efferocytosis and diminished pro‐inflammatory cytokine responses to PAMP stimulation. In conclusion, our results suggest that pEVs are endogenous homeostatic modulators of macrophages, activating the PGE2/CREB pathway, decreasing the production of inflammatory cytokines and promoting tissue repair functions.
The structuring of mathematics concepts under extracurricular factors

Abstract In this paper we examine the impact of six environmental factors in the formulation of the performance of students in mathematics. The research was performed according to sampling techniques on a sample of 300 persons. Any unreliable data have been excluded during the elaboration of research material. The research data were statistically processed and the control of the hypotheses was performed using the criterion x-squared. (D. G. Lewis) Using the variable “performance” as the medium, fuzzy relations were structured between the factors. The control of hypotheses through x-squared criterion showed absence of a statistically significant relation between the variables standardizing environmental factors. Thus, it was proved that there are not any “linear limitations” between the variables.
Reversal of Oral Anticoagulants: A Survey of Contemporary Practice Trends (ReACT)

This study evaluated practice patterns and factors influencing treatment decisions regarding urgent or emergent reversal of oral anticoagulants (OACs). A 30-question survey was electronically distributed to anticoagulation members of the Anticoagulation Forum. Questions were designed to capture practice trends in the reversal of warfarin, factor Xa inhibitors, and factor IIa inhibitors. Continuous and categorical data were analyzed to generate descriptive statistics. Open-ended questions were summarized by thematic categories. 173 responses were collected most from US-based pharmacists with direct patient care responsibilities. The majority of the respondents’ institutions (90.2%) utilized a guideline or protocol for OACs reversal. Vitamin K (91.3%), activated charcoal (80.4%), and fresh frozen plasma (72.8%) were the most common reversal agents on formulary without restrictions. Most institutions (87.0%) reported having 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (4F-PCC) and idarucizumab on formulary, but most commonly (52.2%) with restrictions. Andexanet alfa was only reported on formulary at 35.9% of institutions. In contrast to current guideline recommendations, vitamin K (98.8%) was preferred over 4F-PCC and 4F-PCC (71.6%) was preferred over andexanet alfa as first-line agents used to reverse warfarin and factor Xa inhibitors, respectively. Weight-based dosing strategies for 4F-PCC were commonly utilized for different reversals (41.2%-59.4%). Cost, efficacy, and safety of 4F-PCC were identified as top facilitators and barriers for 4F-PCC adoption in practice. Our findings revealed that guideline recommendations for reversal of warfarin and factor Xa and IIa inhibitors are not followed by a majority of institutions. Studies are needed to investigate strategies to overcome barriers for implementing and following guideline recommendations.
The Tissue Lymphocyte-to-Eosinophil Ratio Predicted Long-Term Recurrence of Eosinophilic CRSwNP

Background Eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (Eos-CRSwNP) remains a recalcitrant disease with a high recurrence rate. Objective This study aimed to identify a predictor of long-term recurrence in patients with Eos-CRSwNP. Methods A total of 39 Eos-CRSwNP patients who had their initial and recurrent nasal polyps surgically removed were retrospectively included in this study, with 49 Eos-CRSwNP patients without recurrence and 32 patients with non-Eos-CRSwNP matched by randomly chosen. Clinical characteristics were compared among or between groups. Spearman correlation analyses and a backward stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to find factors associated with the recurrence and recurrence time of Eos-CRSwNP. Furthermore, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the predictor of long-term Eos-CRSwNP recurrence. Results The number and ratio of tissue eosinophils were highest in Eos-CRSwNP with recurrence and lowest in non-Eos-CRSwNP. The ratio of tissue lymphocytes was highest in non-Eos-CRSwNP and lowest in Eos-CRSwNP with recurrence, with the number of tissue lymphocytes higher in Eos-CRSwNP without recurrence than the other two groups. The numbers of tissue lymphocytes in the initial nasal polyps were lower and the numbers of tissue eosinophils were higher in the group of recurrent nasal polyps that recurred at >5 years after surgery than in the nasal polyps that recurred at <5 years after surgery. The tissue lymphocyte-to-eosinophil ratio (LER) showed a significant negative correlation with the recurrence and the recurrence time of Eos-CRSwNP. A ROC curve revealed that a tissue LER value < 0.67 predicted long-term Eos-CRSwNP recurrence with 72.73% sensitivity and 82.35% specificity (area under the curve = 0.789). Conclusion Tissue LER is strongly associated with Eos-CRSwNP recurrence and may play a key role in predicting long-term Eos-CRSwNP recurrence.
Advanced Ultracold Sources for Atomic Physics and Atom Interferometry

In this thesis we present ultracold sources using Bose-Einstein Condensates for atom interferometry and atomic physics applications. We produce a 87 Rb atom laser using an optical Raman out-coupling technique. The atoms are transferred from their initial magnetically trapped state to a state which is insensitive to magnetic fields and subsequently fall under gravity. We show that, in contrast to a standard Radio-Frequency (RF) out-coupling method, the initial momentum imparted to the atoms reduces the divergence and improves the spatial profile of the beam. Alternatively, we demon- strate that each of the two Raman beams can be used independently to provide efficient and coherent splitting of the atom laser using a fraction of back-reflected light. We also investigate theoretically the dynamics of RF out-coupled atom laser systems. Then we present details of significant improvements on the experimental setup used to condense metastable helium atoms (4He* ). We present the layout of a new laser system operated for trapping and cooling the atoms, as well as the optical configuration to transfer them into a dipole trap or an optical lattice. A channel electron multiplier is added to provide a non-destructive real-time detection method based on Penning collisions. Finally, we describe the design of a new magnetic trap with improved optical access, which we conceived and constructed to allow for 4He* Bose-Einstein condensation to be compatible with in-situ loading of the condensed gas into a 3 dimensional lattice.
Genomic analysis of Kazachstania aerobia and Kazachstania servazzii reveals duplication of genes related to acetate ester production

Kazachstania aerobia and Kazachstania servazzii can affect wine aroma by increasing acetate ester concentrations, most remarkably phenylethyl acetate and isoamyl acetate. The genetic basis of this is unknown, there being little to no sequence data available on the genome architecture. We report for the first time the near-complete genome sequence of the two species using long-read (PacBio) sequencing (K. aerobia 20 contigs, one scaffold; and K. servazzii 22 contigs, one scaffold). The annotated genomes of K. aerobia (12.5 Mb) and K. servazzii (12.3 Mb) were compared to Saccharomyces cerevisiae genomes (laboratory strain S288C and wine strain EC1118). Whilst a comparison of the two Kazachstania spp. genomes revealed few differences between them, divergence was evident in relation to the genes involved in ester biosynthesis, for which gene duplications or absences were apparent. The annotations of these genomes are valuable resources for future research into the evolutionary biology of Kazachstania and other yeast species (comparative genomics) as well as understanding the metabolic processes associated with alcoholic fermentation and the production of secondary ‘aromatic’ metabolites (transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics).