Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fault Detection Based on Complete Information Principal Component Analysis for Electric Submersible Pump

Electric submersible pump (ESP) is the key production equipment for the offshore oil industry. As a result of poor working condition, fault and failures happen frequently and affect the production effectiveness. It is significant to detect the fault and failure in time. The fault detection for ESP mainly depends on the expert experience for decades. The data-driven fault detection methods are widely utilized in recent years with the rapid development of sensor technology, where the PCA is the most widely used methods. However, the data collected from the front line faces the imprecision problem, which reduces the accuracy of data-driven fault detection methods. The interval arithmetic is an effective way to handle imprecision data. However, traditional PCA and interval PCA algorithms cannot handle nonlinear problem. Aiming at this problem, the complete information principal component analysis methods are adopted for the fault detection of electric submersible pump in this paper. Compared with PCA and CPCA methods, the CIPCA method has better detection robustness when more inaccurate point value data.
The mR scheme to the shallow water equation with horizontal density gradients in one and two dimensions

In this work, we consider the model of shallow water equation with horizontal density gradients. We develop the modified Rusanov (mR) scheme to solve this model in one and two dimensions. Predictor and corrector are the two stages of the suggested scheme. The predictor stage is dependent on a local parameter $ (\alpha^n_{i+\frac{1}{2}}) $ that allows for diffusion control. The balance conservation equation is recovered in the corrector stage. The proposed approach is well-balanced, conservative, and straightforward. Several 1D and 2D test cases are produced after presenting the shallow water model and the numerical technique. In the 1D case, we compared the proposed scheme with the Rusanov scheme, mR with constant $ \alpha $ and analytical solutions. The numerical simulation demonstrates the mR's great resolution and attests to its capacity to produce accurate simulations of the shallow water equation with horizontal density gradients. Our results demonstrate that the mR technique is a highly effective instrument for solving a variety of equations in applied science and developed physics.
Correlation between Neck Muscle Endurance Tests, Ultrasonography, and Self-Reported Outcomes in Women with Low Cervical Disability and Neck Pain

Background: Neck pain (NP) is a frequent condition in women, characterized by exhibiting distinct clinical manifestations such as the presence of deep neck (DN) muscle weakness. Endurance and ultrasonography of the DN muscles, and patient-reported outcome measures, are commonly used outcomes in clinical practice. The aim of this study is to assess and correlate the endurance of the DN muscles and their morphological characteristics with pain intensity, neck disability and headache impact. Methods: An observational and correlational study was carried out. Eighty-two women were recruited, and endurance tests of neck flexor and extensor (chin tuck flexion test and neck extensor muscles endurance test), ultrasonography of the DN muscles, pain intensity, disability (neck disability index) and headache impact (HIT-6) were measured. Spearman’s rho was used to evaluate the correlation between the outcome variables, and a simple linear regression analysis was carried out to explain the model in detail. Results: Statistically significant negative correlations between the chin tuck neck flexion test and neck disability index (NDI) (r = −0.38; p < 0.001) and HIT-6 (r = −0.26; p = 0.02) were found. The neck extensor muscles endurance test showed a negative correlation with NDI (r = −0.27; p = 0.01) and HIT-6 (r = −0.26; p = 0.02). The simple linear regression analysis showed an R squared of 26.7% and was statistically significant (NDI: R squared = 0.267; F = 3.13; p = 0.004) for NDI. Conclusion: A negative correlation between deep neck muscle endurance test results and self-reported outcome measures in women with low cervical disability and neck pain were observed. This suggests that lower endurance in the deep neck muscles may be associated with poorer self-reported symptoms and functionality in these patients. The chin tuck neck flexion test and deep extensor muscles endurance test could predict self-perceived neck disability in women with low cervical disability and NP.
Laboratory Studies on the Host Preference of Cotton Mealybug ‘Phenacoccussolenopsis’ Tinsely (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Khartoum State, Sudan

Cotton mealybug (Phenacoccussolenopsis) is a serious devastating pest which goes on a wide array of plant families. The pest spread all over the world from cool to dry hot regions. The main objective of this study was to investigate the food preference and behavior of P. solenopsis Tinseley (Hemiptera:Pseudococcidae) towards selected host plants in Khartoum State, Sudan, where a multi-choice experiment under laboratory conditions was adopted. Eight plant species were screened for attractiveness and food preference to Cotton mealybug. Where the proportions of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd nymphal instars and the adult females were recorded at 2, 8 and 24 hours after release, and compared with Chinese rose (Rosa chinensis) the control. The result revealed that the proportions of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd nymphal instars and adult females were maximum on plants of family Malvaceae, particularly the Okra (Hibiscus esculentus) followed by Cotton (Gossypium sp.) and Hambouk (Abutilon pannosum) as compared with the control. However, in contrast, the proportions were very low on unpalatable plants like Zaleya (Locally known as Raba) (Zaleyapentandra) and Eggplant (Solanum melongenaL.). However, in contrast, the proportions were very low on unpalatable plants like Zaleya (Locally known as Raba) (Zaleya pentandra) and Eggplant (SolanummelongenaL.). In conclusion, the most favorable host plants of the Cotton mealybug belonging to the family Malvaceae, while the families of Solanaceae [Egg plant (SolanummelongenaL.)] and Aizoaceae (Raba) were found to be the least preferred host plants.
ISSR-Based Population Genetic Structure of Some Turkish Honeybee (Apis mellifera L., 1758) Populations

Objective: Apis mellifera , in the order Hymenoptera, are social insects, also known as honey bees. Türkiye has many different honey bee ecotypes and subspecies. Examination of genetic diversity and evolutionary relationships of colonies in nine different locations in Türkiye was carried out using ISSR primers. Materials and Methods: Apis mellifera samples were collected from Çorum, Elazığ, Eskişehir, Kütahya, İzmir, Manisa, Antalya, Samsun, and Muğla. The Lifton method was used for DNA extraction from 180 honey bees. DNA samples were amplified using six ISSR primers. Results: From the amplification of 180 individuals with 6 ISSR primers, 283 polymorphic loci were identified. Genetic diversity data ( Na, Ne, h, I ) were obtained for nine populations from 283 loci. In all data on the calculated genetic diversity, the lowest values were found in the Samsun population, and the highest values were found in the Manisa population. The gene flow level calculated from the genetic differentiation value was found to be 0.22. Conclusion: Genetic diversity has a role in the adaptation of species to changing environmental conditions and it is one of the raw materials of evolution. Herein, we preferred ISSR markers to identify the genetic structure of honey bees. The genetic diversity of honey bees has been found to be lower compared to previous studies. This variability may be a result of the ecological, climatic conditions, and biogeographic differences of Anatolia. The studies to be carried out with more examples from more locations related to honey bees in Türkiye will contribute to the clear identification of the genetic structure of this organism. Additionally, using other marker systems will help to clarify the status of populations in Türkiye.
Design of various operating devices for sorting binary data

The object of research is the process of designing hardware devices for sorting arrays of binary data using the methodology of space-time graphs. The main task that is solved in the work is the development and research of multi-cycle operating devices for sorting binary data in order to choose the optimal structure with predetermined technical characteristics for solving the sorting problem. As an example, the development of different types of structures of multi-cycle operating sorting devices by the method of «even-odd» permutation is shown and their system characteristics are determined. New structures of multi-cycle operating devices have been designed for a given sorting algorithm, and analytical expressions for calculating equipment costs and their performance have been given. A comparative analysis of the hardware and time complexity of the developed structures of devices for sorting binary numbers of various types with known implementations of algorithmic and pipeline operating devices was carried out. As a result, the proposed structures, when sorting large arrays of binary data (N>128), have an order of magnitude less hardware complexity due to sequential execution of the same type of operations. The time complexity of multi-cycle operating devices of combined and sequential types with large values of input data is 2.3 and 3.4 times less than that of known pipeline operating devices. A feature of the research results is the possibility of finding the optimal ratio between the hardware and time characteristics of the resulting structures of sorting devices. Owing to this, the designer will be able to choose the necessary type of device for the implementation of the corresponding task with optimal system characteristics. The field of application of the designed sorting devices is the tasks of digital processing of signals and images. The practical use of the developed sorting devices can be carried out in the form of their synthesis on software integrated logic circuits
Postconditioning promotes recovery in the neurovascular unit after stroke

Background and purpose Experimental studies suggest that ischemic postconditioning interferes with cell death mechanisms and reduces infarction during the acute phase after focal cerebral ischemia. Postconditioning may be a practically feasible way to promote stroke recovery, but many drawbacks prevent its clinical translation. First, all existing studies are mostly on acute 24 h outcomes. Second, the mechanisms of protection and augmented long-term benefits remain unclear. Our study aims to define some of the mechanisms that explain long-term benefits of improved recovery. Methods Male Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to 100-min transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) or postconditioning (100-min middle cerebral artery occlusion plus 10-min reperfusion plus 10-min reocclusion). After 3 days or 2 weeks, infarct volumes, western blot, and immunohistochemical markers of neurogenesis and angiogenesis were quantified. Fluorocitrate (FC) or saline were administrated ICV (intraventricular injection) every other day starting on day 5 after focal cerebral ischemia, animals were recovered for 2 weeks. Results After postconditioning BDNF protein expression levels increased compared to animals subjected to MCAO. Immunostaining showed that BDNF increased specifically in astrocytes. Moreover, when astrocytes were metabolically inhibited by fluorocitrate the postconditioning neuroprotective effect together with the postconditioning-dependent new angiogenesis and neurogenesis, were no longer observed. Conclusion These results suggest for the first time that therapeutic effects of postconditioning may involve the promotion of neurogenesis and angiogenic remodeling, via BDNF released by astrocytes, during the recovery phase after focal cerebral ischemia.
Genetic deletion of α7 nAChRs reduces hippocampal granule and pyramidal cell number in both sexes but impairs pattern separation in males only

Introduction Neurogenesis within the dentate gyrus is thought to play an important role in cognitive processes such as reversal learning and pattern separation. The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) is expressed early in newly formed granule cells of the dentate gyrus, though its role in neurogenesis and related cognitive function is not fully understood. Methods To better characterize relevant function of α7 nAChRs, we performed unbiased stereology to quantify hippocampal granule cells, pyramidal cells, and total volume and used a touchscreen operant spatial discrimination/reversal task to test pattern separation in a global α7 nAChR knockout mouse line. Results The knockout resulted in an ≈22% reduction in granule cells and a ≈ 20% reduction in pyramidal cells in both sexes, with no change in total hippocampal volume. However, the knockout impaired performance in the touchscreen task for males only. The sex-dependent difference in behavioral, but not stereological, results suggest a divergence in the structure–function relationship in males versus females. Detailed analyses revealed males were more biased by the initial reversal contingency relative to females indicating a potential source of the sex-specific interaction with the loss of α7 nAChRs. Discussion These findings argue that the α7 nAChR plays a critical role in hippocampal development, not just granule cell neurogenesis, and plays a sex-dependent role in cognitive function.
CRISPR-Cas9 Genome Editing: A Brief Scientometric Insight on Scientific Production and Knowledge Structure

The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) is a promising molecular tool that has revolutionised genome editing and was recognised with the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2020. This study assesses the scientific productivity and knowledge structure in the scientific domain of CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing up to 2022. A total of 12,799 publications were retrieved from the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) database within the Web of Science (WoS), employing related keyword searches. The records were published by authors from 107 countries in 1,731 journals. Of the total scientific publications, 499,895 total citations were found, with 39.06 average citations per publication. The United States of America dominated the research and is currently the global leader in this area with the most publications and prolific top institutions. Visualisation analysis for mapping research trends based on co-occurrences of keywords was done using VOSviewer revealing six clusters of research themes comprising; 1) conception and fundamental development; 2) gene therapy and drug delivery; 3) cancer biology; 4) plant biotechnology; 5) livestock breeding, and; 6) synthetic biology and metabolic engineering. Nanoparticle-based delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 is gaining academic attention, while CRISPR-Cas9 application in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering has progressed recently and becoming the current research interest.
Ground-water resources of the Caguas-Juncos Valley, Puerto Rico

The Caguas-Juncos Valley, which occupies an area of about 35 square miles in east-central Puerto Rico, is underlain by a largely unconfmed alluvial aquifer that consists of clay, silt, fine-grained sand, and subordinate amounts of coarse-grained sand and gravel. The alluvial aquifer has a maximum thickness of about 200 feet. Ground water in the alluvial aquifer flows from the recharge areas toward the principal streams. The direction of regional flow is primarily from east to west in the Gurabo-Juncos subarea and southwest to northeast in the Caguas subarea toward Logo Loiza along the main flood plains. Ground-water withdrawals from the alluvial aquifer totaled about 3.0 million gallons per day in 1988. Some wells completed in the alluvial aquifer near Gurabo and Juncos yield as much as 310 gallons per minute. The average well yield in Gurabo and Juncos is about 85 gallons per minute, and the average yield in Caguas is about 28 gallons per minute. The potentiometric surface of the alluvial aquifer varies seasonally, with the highest levels generally occurring near the end of December and the lowest levels occurring in April. Transmissivity of the alluvial aquifer ranges from 66 to 4,770 feet squared per day near stream channels. The estimated specific yield of the water-table aquifer is about 10 to 15 percent. The amount of water stored in the aquifer was estimated to be about 122,000 acre-feet. Ground-water quality analyses revealed the presence of two distinct problems: high natural concentrations of iron and manganese, and localized areas of human-related contamination. The problems were not widespread and many areas had ground water of suitable quality for most uses. Analysis of both ground water and surface water shows that, in general, the waters are of the calcium-bicarbonate type and typically have dissolved solids concentrations of less than 500 milligrams per liter.
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Minor Cannabinoids CBC, THCV, and CBN in Human Macrophages

Inflammation is a natural response of the body to signals of tissue damage or infection caused by pathogens. However, when it becomes imbalanced, it can lead to various disorders such as cancer, obesity, cardiovascular problems, neurological conditions, and diabetes. The endocannabinoid system, which is present throughout the body, plays a regulatory role in different organs and influences functions such as food intake, pain perception, stress response, glucose tolerance, inflammation, cell growth and specialization, and metabolism. Phytocannabinoids derived from Cannabis sativa can interact with this system and affect its functioning. In this study, we investigate the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of three minor phytocannabinoids including tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), cannabichromene (CBC), and cannabinol (CBN) using an in vitro system. We pre-treated THP-1 macrophages with different doses of phytocannabinoids or vehicle for one hour, followed by treating the cells with 500 ng/mL of LPS or leaving them untreated for three hours. To induce the second phase of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, LPS-treated cells were further treated with 5 mM ATP for 30 min. Our findings suggest that the mitigation of the PANX1/P2X7 axis plays a significant role in the anti-inflammatory effects of THCV and CBC on NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Additionally, we observed that CBC and THCV could also downregulate the IL-6/TYK-2/STAT-3 pathway. Furthermore, we discovered that CBN may exert its inhibitory impact on the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome by reducing PANX1 cleavage. Interestingly, we also found that the elevated ADAR1 transcript responded negatively to THCV and CBC in LPS-macrophages, indicating a potential involvement of ADAR1 in the anti-inflammatory effects of these two phytocannabinoids. THCV and CBN inhibit P-NF-κB, downregulating proinflammatory gene transcription. In summary, THCV, CBC, and CBN exert anti-inflammatory effects by influencing different stages of gene expression: transcription, post-transcriptional regulation, translation, and post-translational regulation.
Social Networking Sites and Empathy Among Adolescents in Indonesia

Social networking sites (SNSs) have increased in number and popularity for more than a decade especially for adolescents. Previous studies conducted in western countries have stated that using SNSs could exert positive and negative effects on various aspects of psychosocial development, one of which is empathy. The relationship between SNSs use and empathy has remained unclear, especially in Indonesia. Therefore, the present study aims to determine the relationship between SNSs and empathy on adolescents in Indonesia. This study recruited 1,638 students from junior and senior high school with ages ranging from 12 to 19 years randomly across several provinces in Indonesia. Data collection was carried out by administering online questionnaires to participants consists of informed consent, demographic data, intensity of SNSs use during the past week with the Social Networking Time Use Scale (SONTUS) method, and questions about empathy with the Adolescent Measure of Empathy and Sympathy (AMES) method. Our result showed that higher frequency of using SNSs significantly positive correlated with cognitive empathy, affective empathy, and sympathy among adolescents in Indonesia, which is similar to previous studies, so this may be a general pattern in adolescence. The connections made by SNSs is believed to increase feelings of humanity (sympathy) and also empathy to other humans.
Assessment of ERA5 Near-Surface Air Temperatures Over Global Oceans by Combining MODIS Sea Surface Temperature Products and In-Situ Observations

European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis 5 (ERA5) is a state-of-the-art reanalysis dataset and has been widely used in climate change analysis and land surface process simulations. However, few assessments have been conducted across the entire ocean for this dataset till now. The motivation of this study is to utilize the in-situ observations and remotely sensed sea surface temperature (SST) products to propose a new approach to evaluate the precision of ERA5 air temperature over the whole ocean. First, a stacked multilayer perceptron regressor model was employed to map global marine air temperature (MAT) by incorporating in-situ records into moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) SST products. Second, a monthly MAT dataset with a spatial resolution of 0.05° × 0.05° was developed and validated for the assessment of ERA5 air temperature particularly in the regions where only satellite observations are available. It demonstrates that the quality of estimated MAT (RMSE = 1.62 °C, Bias = 0.03 °C) is evidently high in 80.3% of the observation stations, which is much better than that of averaged SST (RMSE = 2.29 °C, Bias = 1.14 °C). Thus, the estimated MAT is credible enough to be employed to assess ERA5 air temperature both at the grid and regional scale. Finally, the ERA5 air temperature was compared and validated with the estimated MAT temporally and spatially. The further study suggested that estimated MAT and ERA5 air temperature basically maintain consistency in expressing persistent warming, particularly in the western Pacific, western Atlantic, and northern Indian Ocean. In addition, the trend of ERA5 air temperature during 50°S–50°N reaches 0.016 ± 0.003°C/yr, which is similar to that of estimated MAT (0.017 ± 0.002 °C/yr) during 2003–2021.