Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Machine Learning Sepsis Prediction Algorithm for Intended Intensive Care Unit Use (NAVOY Sepsis): Proof-of-Concept Study

Background Despite decades of research, sepsis remains a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in intensive care units worldwide. The key to effective management and patient outcome is early detection, for which no prospectively validated machine learning prediction algorithm is currently available for clinical use in Europe. Objective We aimed to develop a high-performance machine learning sepsis prediction algorithm based on routinely collected intensive care unit data, designed to be implemented in European intensive care units. Methods The machine learning algorithm was developed using convolutional neural networks, based on Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lab for Computational Physiology MIMIC-III clinical data from intensive care unit patients aged 18 years or older. The model uses 20 variables to produce hourly predictions of onset of sepsis, defined by international Sepsis-3 criteria. Predictive performance was externally validated using hold-out test data. Results The algorithm—NAVOY Sepsis—uses 4 hours of input and can identify patients with high risk of developing sepsis, with high performance (area under the receiver operating characteristics curve 0.90; area under the precision-recall curve 0.62) for predictions up to 3 hours before sepsis onset. Conclusions The prediction performance of NAVOY Sepsis was superior to that of existing sepsis early warning scoring systems and comparable with those of other prediction algorithms designed to predict sepsis onset. The algorithm has excellent predictive properties and uses variables that are routinely collected in intensive care units.
Caffeine‐induced neurotoxicity mediated by Nrf2 pathway in PC12 cells and zebrafish larvae

Caffeine is one of the most widely used psychostimulants in the world and possesses central excitative, anti‐depressive, and neuroprotective properties. However, excessive ingestion or abuse of caffeine can lead to intoxication. Many toxic effects are attributed to oxidative damage, and nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a critical intracellular regulator of the oxidative stress response. Here, we investigated the neurotoxicity of caffeine in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells and zebrafish larvae. It was found that caffeine inhibited the viability of PC12 cells in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. Furthermore, it induced PC12 cell apoptosis and elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blotting revealed that caffeine also inhibited the expression levels of Nrf2 mRNA and protein and its target genes (e.g., NADPH quinone oxidoreductase 1 [NQO1]). Furthermore, Nrf2 silencing attenuated the toxic effects of caffeine. In addition, zebrafish larvae were treated with different doses of caffeine. Behavioral experiments showed that a low dose of caffeine (0.05 to 0.3 mM) increased the average distance of movement and promoted excitation. Survivorship curves showed that caffeine (0.2 to 1.5 mM) caused lethality. Finally, qPCR revealed that a higher dose of caffeine inhibited mRNA levels in the Nrf2 pathway. Based on these results, this study identified for the first time that overuse of caffeine can induce neurotoxicity by inhibiting the Nrf2 pathway. These results will provide a new perspective for studies on caffeine toxicity.
Establishment of a prognostic model for patients with sepsis based on SOFA: a retrospective cohort study

Objective To construct a nomogram based on the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) that is more accurate in predicting 30-, 60-, and 90-day mortality risk in patients with sepsis. Methods Data from patients with sepsis were retrospectively collected from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC) database. Included patients were randomly divided into training and validation cohorts. Variables were selected using a backward stepwise selection method with Cox regression, then used to construct a prognostic nomogram. The nomogram was compared with the SOFA model using the concordance index (C-index), area under the time-dependent receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC), net reclassification improvement (NRI), integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), calibration plotting, and decision-curve analysis (DCA). Results A total of 5240 patients were included in the study. Patient’s age, SOFA score, metastatic cancer, SpO2, lactate, body temperature, albumin, and red blood cell distribution width were included in the nomogram. The C-index, AUC, NRI, IDI, and DCA of the nomogram showed that it performs better than the SOFA alone. Conclusion A nomogram was established that performed better than the SOFA in predicting 30-, 60-, and 90-day mortality risk in patients with sepsis.
Design and development of novel fasudil derivatives as potent antibreast cancer agent that improves intestinal flora and intestinal barrier function in rats

This study was conducted to develop novel fasudil derivatives after incorporation of substituted thiazoles as potent anti‐breast cancer (BC) agents. The compounds were developed using a facile synthetic route in excellent yields. The entire set of developed compounds was tested for inhibitory activity against rho‐associated coiled‐coil kinase (ROCK; ROCK1 and ROCK2) kinase, where they exhibit potent and selective inhibition of ROCK1 as compared to ROCK2. The most potent ROCK2 inhibitor, compound 6h significantly inhibited the viability of BC cells (MCF‐7). It also causes inhibition of migration and invasion of MCF‐7 cells. Moreover, the anti‐BC activity of compound 6h was studied in 7,12 dimethyl Benz(a)anthracene (DMBA)‐induced BC in female Sprague Dawley rats. Results suggest that it causes significant improvement in the bodyweight of the animals with a reduction in oxidative stress in the liver and mammary tissues of rats. It showed improvement in the intestinal barrier function of rats by restoring the level of Diamine oxidase, d‐lactate, and endotoxin. In western blot analysis, it showed improvement in (ZO‐1), occludin, and claudin‐1 in the colon tissue of the rat as compared to the DMBA group. Our study demonstrated the development of the novel class of fasudil derivatives potent anti‐BC agent that improves intestinal flora and intestinal barrier function in rats.
Effect of pain neuroscience education and exercise on presenteeism and pain intensity in health care workers: A randomized controlled trial

Decreased workforce productivity has a significant economic impact on healthcare systems. Presenteeism, the practice of working at reduced potential, is more harmful than absenteeism. Present workers most often experience musculoskeletal pain that is not mitigated by general exercise or stretching. We aimed to assess whether a regimen of pain neuroscience education (PNE) and exercise tailored to individual healthcare workers could reduce presenteeism and improve productivity.
Genetic and Antigenic Characterization of an Influenza A(H3N2) Outbreak in Cambodia and the Greater Mekong Subregion during the COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020

The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly altered the circulation patterns of respiratory diseases worldwide and disrupted continued surveillance in many countries. Introduction of control measures in early 2020 against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has resulted in a remarkable reduction in the circulation of many respiratory diseases. ABSTRACT Introduction of non-pharmaceutical interventions to control COVID-19 in early 2020 coincided with a global decrease in active influenza circulation. However, between July and November 2020, an influenza A(H3N2) epidemic occurred in Cambodia and in other neighboring countries in the Greater Mekong Subregion in Southeast Asia. We characterized the genetic and antigenic evolution of A(H3N2) in Cambodia and found that the 2020 epidemic comprised genetically and antigenically similar viruses of Clade3C2a1b/131K/94N, but they were distinct from the WHO recommended influenza A(H3N2) vaccine virus components for 2020–2021 Northern Hemisphere season. Phylogenetic analysis revealed multiple virus migration events between Cambodia and bordering countries, with Laos PDR and Vietnam also reporting similar A(H3N2) epidemics immediately following the Cambodia outbreak: however, there was limited circulation of these viruses elsewhere globally. In February 2021, a virus from the Cambodian outbreak was recommended by WHO as the prototype virus for inclusion in the 2021–2022 Northern Hemisphere influenza vaccine. IMPORTANCE The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly altered the circulation patterns of respiratory diseases worldwide and disrupted continued surveillance in many countries. Introduction of control measures in early 2020 against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has resulted in a remarkable reduction in the circulation of many respiratory diseases. Influenza activity has remained at historically low levels globally since March 2020, even when increased influenza testing was performed in some countries. Maintenance of the influenza surveillance system in Cambodia in 2020 allowed for the detection and response to an influenza A(H3N2) outbreak in late 2020, resulting in the inclusion of this virus in the 2021–2022 Northern Hemisphere influenza vaccine.
RHCE diversity among Brazilian patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) and selected groups of blood donors

Several centers have selected Black donors to prevent Rh alloimmunization of patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). As the Brazilian population is considered very admixed and race definition by self‐declaration is questionable, this study aimed to compare RHCE diversity among patients with SCD and selected groups of Brazilian blood donors to define which group of donors would be the adequate red cell supply for patients with SCD.
Trends in systemic antifungal use in Australia, 2005-2016: a time-series analysis.

Data on antifungal utilization trends are important to encourage antifungal stewardship. This study explored the utilization of antifungal agents for systemic use and the impact of reimbursement policy changes in Australia. We analyzed national data from the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) (2005-2016). We examined patterns of use over time and the impact of reimbursement decisions on antifungal use with an interrupted time-series model. In 2005-2016, there has been an increase in the use of most antifungals, especially fluconazole, itraconazole and posaconazole. Ketoconazole was the most commonly dispensed systemic antifungal (46.0%) before its PBS listing removal, when it was replaced by fluconazole (69.8%). The PBS event "Fluconazole and itraconazole restrictions eased" led to increased use of fluconazole (0.025/1000 per day with no delay). Both the largest rates and numerical increase were among obstetricians and gynecologists (1,969%; 1,851 dispensed prescriptions) and dermatologists (1,723%; 1,689 dispensed prescriptions) except general practitioner (2010-2016). This is the first Australian national longitudinal estimate of systemic antifungal use. It shows an overall increase in prescribing of most antifungals during study period, with reimbursement decisions impacting utilization. These data provide a baseline to inform development of national antifungal guidelines and policies to encourage more targeted antifungal stewardship.
Adulthood systemic inflammation accelerates the trajectory of age-related cognitive decline

In order to understand the long-term effects of systemic inflammation, it is important to distinguish inflammation-induced changes in baseline cognitive function from changes that interact with aging to influence the trajectory of cognitive decline. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 1 mg/kg) or vehicle was administered to young adult (6 months) male rats via intraperitoneal injections, once a week for 7 weeks. Longitudinal effects on cognitive decline were examined 6 and 12 months after the initial injections. Repeated LPS treatment, in adults, resulted in a long-term impairment in memory, examined in aged animals (age 18 months), but not in middle-age (age 12 months). At 12 months following injections, LPS treatment was associated with a decrease in N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated component of synaptic transmission and altered expression of genes linked to the synapse and to regulation of the response to inflammatory signals. The results of the current study suggest that the history of systemic inflammation is one component of environmental factors that contribute to the resilience or susceptibility to age-related brain changes and associated trajectory of cognitive decline.
Anatomical variation of co-existing bilaminar tensor of the vastus intermedius muscle and new type of sixth head of the quadriceps femoris.

BACKGROUND We present a case report of Quadriceps Femoris (QF) with co-existing bilaminar Tensor of the vastus intermedius muscle (TVI) and new type of sixth head. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cadaveric dissection of left thigh of a 72 years old was performed for research and teaching purposes at the Department of Anatomical Dissection and Donation, Medical University of Lodz. The left lower limb were dissected using standard techniques according to a strictly specified protocol. Each head of the muscle was photographed and subjected to further measurement. RESULTS During dissection, an unusual type of TVI muscle was observed. It consisted of two surfaces, superficial and deep. In addition sixth head of QF muscle grew out from the VM muscle. CONCLUSIONS The knowledge of the existence and possible variations of additional heads of QF muscle is necessary during diagnostic process of muscle strains. Moreover, according to course of tendons that heads may take part in patella stabilization.
Mechanical properties of whole-body soft human tissues: a review

The mechanical properties of soft tissues play a key role in studying human injuries and their mitigation strategies. While such properties are indispensable for computational modelling of biological systems, they serve as important references in loading and failure experiments, and also for the development of tissue simulants. To date, experimental studies have measured the mechanical properties of peripheral tissues (e.g. skin) in-vivo and limited internal tissues ex-vivo in cadavers (e.g. brain and the heart). The lack of knowledge on a majority of human tissues inhibit their study for applications ranging from surgical planning, ballistic testing, implantable medical device development, and the assessment of traumatic injuries. The purpose of this work is to overcome such challenges through an extensive review of the literature reporting the mechanical properties of whole-body soft tissues from head to toe. Specifically, the available linear mechanical properties of all human tissues were compiled. Non-linear biomechanical models were also introduced, and the soft human tissues characterized using such models were summarized. The literature gaps identified from this work will help future biomechanical studies on soft human tissue characterization and the development of accurate medical models for the study and mitigation of injuries.
Free Convection Flow Over a Vertical Flat Plate in Nanofluid Porous Media Containing Gyrotactic Microorganisms with Prescribed Density Motile Microorganisms Flux

Our present investigation aimed to examine the natural convection boundary layer flow of nanofluids over a vertical flat plate embedded in a saturated Darcy porous medium containing gyrotactic microorganisms. For carrying out the numerical solution, two steps are performed. The governing partial differential equations are firstly simplified into a set of highly coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations by suitable similarity variables, and then numerically solved by applying the cubic spline collocation technique. The obtained similarity solution depends on non-dimensional parameters, i.e., the bioconvection Lewis number, bioconvection Rayleigh number, bioconvection Peclet number, Brownian motion parameter, the Buoyancy ratio, the thermophoresis parameter, the power-law variation index, and the Lewis number. A comprehensive numerical computation is carried out for various values of the parameters that describe the flow characteristics. Rescaled velocity and temperature distributions are found to be depending strongly on the bioconvection Rayleigh number and power-law variation index parameter. For making the result more reliable a comparison has been shown in the present work with existing results for some special values of governing parameters and the results are found to be in excellent accuracy.
Data-Aware Predictive Scheduling for Distributed-Memory Ray Tracing

Scientific ray tracing now can include realistic shading and material properties, but tracing rays of various depths to conclusion through partitioned data is inefficient. For such data, many ray scheduling methods have demonstrated improved rendering performance. However, synchronicity and non-adaptivity inherent in prior methods hinder further performance optimizations. In this paper, we attempt to relax these constraints. Specifically, we incorporate prediction models capable of dynamically adjusting levels of speculation in ray-data queries, making ray scheduling highly adaptable to a spectrum of scene characteristics. In addition, we organize rays in a tree of speculation nodes, where speculation is coordinated pairwise within a subtree of adaptive ray groups, facilitating concurrency and parallelism. Compared to prior non-predictive methods, we achieve up to three times higher throughput for volume and geometry rendering on a distributed system, making our method fit for both interactive and offline applications.
Active wrapping paper against mango anthracnose fungi and its releasing profiles

Active wrapping papers varied in bio‐based coating materials (chitosan and carboxymethyl cellulose) and vanillin concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, and 4.0% (w/v)) were prepared to study their antifungal effects and release properties. Chitosan‐coated paper with 1% (w/v) vanillin gave the best inhibition against mycelial growth of mango anthracnose fungi and could inhibit its conidiospores germination. The release of vanillin from a chitosan‐coated paper under different conditions of temperatures (13°C, 25°C, and 37°C), relative humidity (RH) (75%, 86%, and 96% RH), and pH values (pH 3.8, 5.2, and 6.2) was studied. Moreover, the vanillin release from the paper to mango fruit under an actual commercial storage condition (13°C, 90% RH) was also investigated. The predominant mechanism of vanillin release under low temperatures (13‐25°C) and all RH studied was a Fickian diffusion, whereas the high temperature (37°C) and in all buffers varying pH showed a non‐Fickian behaviour. Increasing temperature and RH enhanced in diffusion coefficient (D value) from 78.24 × 10−10 to 162.10 × 10−10 cm2/s and 42.87 × 10−10 to 59.98 × 10−10 cm2/s, respectively. Meanwhile, the increasing pH value reduced the D value from 233.87 × 10−10 to 122.74 × 10−10 cm2/s. The kinetic of vanillin release under an actual wrapping application exhibited a non‐Fickian behaviour, and the D value was considerably low (approximately 65.36 × 10−12 cm2/s). The developed active wrapping paper can be great interest for food industry and is practically reasonable for postharvest mango fruits.
An updated review of mesoporous carbon as a novel drug delivery system

Abstract The nanotechnology approach has been recently adopted to provide more reliable, effective, controlled, and safe drug delivery systems. Nanostructured materials have gained great interest, including siliceous and carbonaceous nanoparticles. The effectiveness of mesoporous carbon nanoparticles (MCNs) in tumor imaging, targeting, and treatment is urging for more future studies. MCNs possess superior properties such as their biocompatibility, large surface area, large pore volume, tunability, and more responsive behavior to internal and external release triggers. These outstanding features make MCNs more applicable for stimuli-responsive drug delivery than the conventional forms of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) and other carbon nanoparticles. In this review, we outlined the latest updates regarding the safety, benefits, and potential applications of MCNs.
SHP-1 acts as a tumor suppressor by interacting with EGFR and predicts the prognosis of human breast cancer

Objective: The aims of this study were to examine the prognostic value of SHP-1 in breast cancer, its roles in the regulation of breast cancer cell growth and metastasis, and the underlying mechanisms. Methods: Tumor specimens from 160 patients with breast cancer and 160 noncancerous tissues were used to examine the expression of SHP-1 and to analyze its association with overall survival through Kaplan–Meier and multivariate Cox regression analyses. RNA sequencing data and the expression and clinical importance of SHP-1 in breast cancer were evaluated with data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. In vitro and in vivo assays were performed to elucidate the effects of SHP-1 on breast cancer cell proliferation and invasion. Confocal immunofluorescence and GST pulldown assays were used to demonstrate the interaction between SHP-1 and epidermal growth factor receptor, as well as its downstream pathways. Immunohistochemistry and The Cancer Genome Atlas database were used to investigate the clinical association between SHP-1 and EGFR in human breast cancer. Results: SHP-1 expression was associated with better survival in patients with breast cancer, whereas SHP-1 expression was negatively correlated with EGFR in human breast cancer. Ectopic SHP-1 expression significantly suppressed breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. SHP-1 knockdown induced a more invasive phenotype and accelerated cell growth. Mechanistically, EGFR, a protein directly interacting with SHP-1, mediates the SHP-1-induced inactivation of Ras/Erk/GSK3β signaling and its downstream effectors. Conclusions: SHP-1 is an important prognostic biomarker in patients with breast cancer, and the SHP-1-EGFR axis is a promising target for treatment.