Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Solving Stiff Reaction-Diffusion Equations Using Exponential Time Differences Methods

Reaction-diffusion equations modeling Predator-Prey interaction are of current interest. Standard approaches such as first-order (in time) finite difference schemes for approximating the solution are widely spread. Though, this paper shows that recent advance methods can be more favored. In this work, we have incorporated, throughout numerical comparison experiments, spectral methods, for the space discretization, in conjunction with second and fourth-order time integrating methods for approximating the solution of the reaction-diffusion differential equations. The results have revealed that these methods have advantages over the conventional methods, some of which to mention are: the ease of implementation, accuracy and CPU time.
Epidemiological inference from pathogen genomes: A review of phylodynamic models and applications

Abstract Phylodynamics requires an interdisciplinary understanding of phylogenetics, epidemiology, and statistical inference. It has also experienced more intense application than ever before amid the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. In light of this, we present a review of phylodynamic models beginning with foundational models and assumptions. Our target audience is public health researchers, epidemiologists, and biologists seeking a working knowledge of the links between epidemiology, evolutionary models, and resulting epidemiological inference. We discuss the assumptions linking evolutionary models of pathogen population size to epidemiological models of the infected population size. We then describe statistical inference for phylodynamic models and list how output parameters can be rearranged for epidemiological interpretation. We go on to cover more sophisticated models and finish by highlighting future directions.
Recent Advances in Categorica l Data Analysis

The last fifteen years have brought many changes to the practice of categorical data analysis. This paper reviews some of the major changes and shifts of emphasis and discusses several examples using SAS software procedures. Topics include the use of exact methods, Generalized Estimating Equations, conditional logistic regression, and current uses of weighted least squares modeling. Applications provide illustrations for many topics. This paper describes software currently available in the SAS System and indicates the areas where users can expect to find strategies implemented in the next few releases. The references include some pertinent methodology and review papers.
Mohammed Shuaib Simulation of the Pedestrian Flow in the Tawaf Area Using the Social Force Model T

In today’s modern world, the number of vehicles is increasing on the road. This causes more people to choose walking instead of traveling using vehicles. Thus, proper planning of pedestrians’ paths is important to ensure the safety of pedestrians in a walking area. Crowd dynamics study the pedestrians’ behavior and modeling pedestrians’ movement to ensure safety in their walking paths. To date, many models have been designed to ease pedestrians’ movement. The Social Force Model is widely used among researchers as it is simpler and provides better simulation results. We will discuss the problem regarding the ritual of circumambulating the Ka’aba (Tawaf) where the entrances to this area are usually congested which worsens during the Hajj season. We will use the computer simulation model SimWalk which is based on the Social Force Model to simulate the movement of pilgrims in the Tawaf area. We will first discuss the effect of uni and bi-directional flows at the gates. We will then restrict certain gates to the area as the entrances only and others as exits only. From the simulations, we will study the effect of the distance of other entrances from the beginning line and their effects on the duration of pilgrims circumambulate Ka’aba. We will distribute the pilgrims at the different entrances evenly so that the congestion at the entrances can be reduced. We would also discuss the various locations and designs of barriers at the exits and its effect on the time taken for the pilgrims to exit the Tawaf area. Keywords—circumambulation, Ka’aba, pedestrian flow, SFM, Tawaf , entrance, exit
Value, complement reduction and interval TU games

In the framework of interval transferable-utility (TU) games, we introduce a generalization of the equal allocation of nonseparable cost (EANSC). Further, we extend the reduced game introduced by Moulin (1985) to interval TU games. By applying this extended reduction, two axiomatizations of this extended EANSC are proposed.
Nowhere to Hide: Radio-faint AGN in GOODS-N field

Context. The occurrence of active galactic nuclei (AGN) is critical to our understanding of galaxy evolution and formation. Radio observations provide a crucial, dust-independent tool to study the role of AGN. However, conventional radio surveys of deep fields ordinarily have arc-second scale resolutions often insufficient to reliably separate radio emission in distant galaxies originating from star-formation and AGN-related activity. Very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) can offer a solution by identifying only the most compact radio emitting regions in galaxies at cosmological distances where the high brightness temperatures (in excess of 105 K) can only be reliably attributed to AGN activity. Aims. We present the first in a series of papers exploring the faint compact radio population using a new wide-field VLBI survey of the GOODS-N field. This will expand upon previous surveys, permitting the characterisation of the faint, compact radio source population in the GOODS-N field. The unparalleled sensitivity of the European VLBI Network (EVN) will probe a luminosity range rarely seen in deep wide-field VLBI observations, thus providing insights into the role of AGN to radio luminosities of the order 1022 WHz−1 across cosmic time. Methods. The newest VLBI techniques are used to completely cover an entire 7′̣5 radius area to milliarcsecond resolutions, while bright radio sources (S > 0.1 mJy) are targeted up to 25′ from the pointing centre. Multi-source self-calibration, and a primary beam model for the EVN array are used to correct for residual phase errors and primary beam attenuation respectively. Results. This paper presents the largest catalogue of VLBI detected sources in GOODS-N comprising of 31 compact radio sources across a redshift range of 0.11–3.44, almost three times more than previous VLBI surveys in this field. We provide a machine-readable catalogue and introduce the radio properties of the detected sources using complementary data from the e-MERLIN Galaxy Evolution survey (eMERGE).
Autonomous Network Equ i pments

IP networks are now well established. However, control, management and optimization schemes are provided in a static and basic way. Network control and management schemes using an autonomy based technology offer a new way to master quality of service, security and mobility management. This new paradigm allows a dynamic and intelligent control of the equipment in a local manner, a global network control in a cooperative manner, a more powerful network management, and a better guaranty of all vital functionalities like end to end quality of service and security. In this paper, we provide a way to implement such a paradigm through the use of the agent and multi agent concept. A testbed of an architecture based on autonomous network equipment has been developed. This autonomous architecture is able to optimize the quality of service through the networks.
Elementos terras raras nas características anatômicas, nutricionais e fotossintéticas de Pistia stratiotes

Elementos terras raras (ETR) são utilizados pela indústria tecnológica e compõem fertilizantes fosfatados, cujas exploração e utilização em grande escala podem resultar em aumento de contaminação destes elementos no ambiente. Sabe-se que Pistia stratiotes L. é uma macrófita eficiente na acumulação de poluentes. O objetivo do presente artigo foi avaliar o efeito das concentrações de ETR (isolados e mistura) sobre características morfoanatômicas, nutricionais, trocas gasosas e pigmentos fotossintetizantes de Pistia stratiotes. Foram avaliados as trocas gasosas (equipamento analisador de fotossíntese - IRGA), o teor de clorofila (equipamento medidor de clorofila - SPAD), a anatomia de raízes e folhas, o teor de nutrientes e a massa seca, conforme metodologia descrita. Houve redução do crescimento das plantas no sistema radicular nos tratamentos com mistura de ETR e lantânio (La). Notou-se aumento na transpiração para a manutenção do fluxo, compensando a perda de condutividade e permitindo a chegada de nutrientes até a parte aérea. A coifa alongou-se nos tratamentos de La para proteção da região meristemática. A absorção de alguns nutrientes reduziu, em virtude da redução do sistema radicular. As barreiras foram espessadas nos tratamentos com cério (Ce). Essas modificações ocorreram evitando que os ETR fossem absorvidos, transportados e causassem algum efeito negativo no vegetal.
Effect of Physical Activity on Depression in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide, and approximately 50% of PD patients suffer from depression. We aim to determine the effects of physical activity on depression in PD patients and to provide scientific evidence-based exercise prescriptions for PD patients. A systematic review was conducted by searching PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and PsycInfo until February 2022 for randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies published in English. The primary outcome was a score on a depression scale. A total of 14 RCTs involving 516 patients with PD were included in this study. The results of the meta-analysis showed that physical activity had a moderate and significant improvement in depression in PD patients (SMD = −0.60; 95% CI = −0.79 to −0.41; p < 0.00001). Subgroup analysis indicated that resistance exercise for 60–90 min more than 4 times per week for up to 12 weeks had a significant effect on PD patients who have had the disease for more than 5 years. Meta-regression showed that intervention type, intervention time, intervention frequency, intervention period, age, and disease duration were not sources of heterogeneity. Physical activity may reduce depression in PD patients. However, other larger sample sizes and high-quality studies are needed to validate these effects in the future.
Economic Uncertainty and Fertility Cycles: The Case of the Post-WWII Baby Boom

Using the US Census waves 1940-1990 and Current Population Surveys 1990-2010, we look at how economic uncertainty affected fertility cycles over the course of the XXth century. We use cross-state and cross-cohort variation in the volatility of income growth to identify the causal link running from uncertainty to completed fertility. We find that economic uncertainty has a large and robust negative effect on fertility. This finding contributes to the unraveling of the determinants of the post-WWII baby boom. Specifically, the difference in economic uncertainty endured by women born in 1910 compared to that faced by women born in 1935 accounts for between 45% and 61% of the one child variation across these cohorts. We hypothesize that a greater economic uncertainty increases the risk of large consumption swings, which individuals mitigate by marrying later, postponing fertility, and ultimately decreasing their completed fertility.
Voluntary Disclosure in the Annual Reports of Financially Distressed Companies in Indonesia

This paper examines voluntary disclosure in the annual reports of financially distressed companies in Indonesia. The disclosure score range is between 3 percent and 49 percent with the mean and median score of 25 percent and 26 percent, respectively, at the onset of distress. The score is measured as the ratio of the total items disclosed to the maximum possible items score applicable to the firm. The most disclosed items are in the category of financial highlights and general corporate information whereas the three least disclosed items concern projections, liquidity, and research and development. Moreover, the results of this study reveal that the level of voluntary disclosure in the financially distressed firms is higher than that in non-financially distressed firms. There is no significant difference between the types of information disclosed by the 2 groups. The statistical tests are applied for various years. Consistent with findings in previous studies, the size of the firm appears to be a positive variable significantly affecting the disclosure level.
Incidence of educational mismatch and earning in Pakistan

This study empirically examines the incidence and earning effect of educational mismatch in the labor market of Pakistan. Microdata obtained from the labor force survey for the years (2013–14, 2014–15, 2017–18) is used for the analysis. The realized match approach is used to measure the required level of education, and the augmented mincerian model is used to determine the potential earning effects associated with the educational mismatch. The study found a considerable incidence of under-education and over-education in the labor market. Results show a positive return to under-education and over-education. However, the return to the required level of education is significantly higher than both the under-education and over-education.
ATLAST-9.2m: a large-aperture deployable space telescope

We present results of a study of a deployable version of the Advanced Technology Large-Aperture Space Telescope (ATLAST), designed to operate in a Sun-Earth L2 orbit. The primary mirror of the segmented 9.2-meter aperture has 36 hexagonal 1.315 m (flat-to-flat) glass mirrors. The architecture and folding of the telescope is similar to JWST, allowing it to fit into the 6.5 m fairing of a modest upgrade to the Delta-IV Heavy version of the Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV). We discuss the overall observatory design, optical design, instruments, stray light, wavefront sensing and control, pointing and thermal control, and in-space servicing options.
Chapter 6 Fresh frozen plasma transfusion fails to alter the hemostatic balance in critically ill patients with a coagulopathy

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Perception of interrupted speech and text: Listener and modality factors

Interrupted speech and text are used to measure processes of linguistic closure that are important for recognition under adverse backgrounds. The present study compared recognition of speech and text that had been periodically interrupted with matched amounts of silence or white space, respectively. Recognition thresholds were obtained for younger and older adults with normal or simulated/impaired hearing and correlated with recognition of speech-in-babble. Results demonstrate domain-general, age-related processes in linguistic closure affecting high context sentences and domain-specific, hearing-related processes in speech recognition affecting low context sentences. Text recognition captures domain-general linguistic processes in speech recognition susceptible to age-related effects.
Automatic extraction of semantics in law documents

In this paper we address the problem of automatically enriching legal texts with semantic annotation, an essential pre–requisite to effective indexing and retrieval of legal documents. This is done through illustration of a computational system developed for automated semantic annotation of (Italian) law texts. This tool is an incremental system using Natural Language Processing techniques to perform two tasks: i) classify law paragraphs according to their regulatory content, and ii) extract relevant text fragments corresponding to specific semantic roles that are relevant for the different types of regulatory content. The paper sketches the overall architecture of the tool and reports results of a preliminary case study on a sample of Italian law texts.
Developing Open and Interoperable DLT / Blockchain Standards

technology ecosystem to the next level? A common set of distributed ledger technology (DLT) or blockchain stand a rd s a nd a foc us on interoperability and scalability are among several industry requirements that are essential for the survival and mass adoption of this technology. This column describes standardization efforts in the field. Recent studies have shown that, by 2025, blockchain applications will represent 10% of global gross domestic product.1 Blockchain is defined as the new Internet layer of value, adding the so-called trinity of Ts2—trustability, transparency, and traceability—to any asset-class web transaction (information/data and physical goods) that can be authenticated, validated, traced, and registered in a distributed, peer-to-peer digital ledger system. These unique characteristics open new possibilities for services and applications, boosting today’s Internet capability. Blockchain is also part of the broader scope of DLT and is FROM THE EDITOR
Infant Development and Postnatal Psychopathology after maternal history of childhood abuse

History of sexual abuse among young women has been reported to have prevalence around 13 % [4] to 25% [5]. The numbers of physical abuse are given with up to 40% [5]. A considerable threat to child development [6] is the intergenerational transmission of psychosocial risk. Mothers exposed to physical or sexual abuse in childhood are described in the literature [7] to frequently close the intergenerational cycle of violence, by either maltreating their children or becoming a victim and turning the child into the perpetrator. Studies by Kaufmann and Zigler and Oliver [8] report transmission rates of 30% indicating that one third of parents with experiences of childhood abuse maltreat their children. A more recent threegenerational study reports that approximately 50% of abused parents transmit this history of abuse either directly or via highly dysfunctional interactions to their offspring [7]. A parental history of abuse places children at risk for maltreatment.
Cardiovascular disorders in dental practice

Authors Juhani Kahri, M.D., Ph.D., Senior Lecturer, Clinical Consultant. Department of Internal Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland Janne Rapola, M.D., Ph.D., Cardiology Fellow, Clinical Consultant. Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland Cardiovascular emergencies are rare events in dental practice. However, they may be life-threatening, and a dentist should therefore be able to recognize them and be prepared to take appropriate action. The diagnosis and treatment of angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmias, valvular diseases, heart failure, hypertensive crisis and stroke will be reviewed. Since anti-coagulant therapy is frequently used in cardiovascular patients, it will also be discussed.
Sustainable supply chain integration: An exploration of South African fast-moving consumer goods manufacturers

Background: Manufacturers of fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) are facing new challenges that compel them to outperform their competitors economically, and to consider environmental and social impacts. Customer demands regarding sustainability are channelled upstream to these manufacturers through retailers. This resulted in manufacturers being very conscious of the sustainability of their production processes, as well as their packaging. To that extent, FMCG manufacturers are encouraged to integrate sustainability, with other supply chain partners, to improve sustainability performance across the supply chain.Aim: The purpose of this study is to explore the extent to which FMCG manufacturers in South Africa apply sustainability to their supply chain integration.Setting: The study was conducted among South African FMCG manufacturers.Method: The study applied a generic qualitative research design. Altogether 12 semi-structured interviews were conducted with middle to senior supply chain managers.Results: Having a clear sustainability focus, supported by leadership and embedded into the corporate culture, is key to integrating sustainability internally and thus improving the sustainability performance. The findings indicate that customers do not pressure firms to adhere to their sustainability expectations. Instead, sustainability expectations are driven internally. Firms find it difficult to align the three sustainability aspects equally, due to the local variables and context in which they operate. Therefore, economic sustainability is considered most important and firms act on environmental and social sustainability aspects within strict economic constraints.Conclusion: Academically, the study adds to the literature by creating an understanding of sustainable supply chain integration (SSCI) from a South African perspective. For practitioners, the study encourages firms to collaborate with supply chain partners on sustainability, as this opens up opportunities to create shared value through joint sustainability problem-solving.
Magnetoresistance and magnetization reversal of single Co nanowires

The magnetization reversal in Co single wires was investigated through magnetoresistance measurements and micromagnetic simulations. We developed a model to calculate the magnetoresistance based on the magnetization structure obtained by the solution of the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation. It allowed us to understand details of the magnetoresistance curves, including the jumps that are related to the magnetization reversal process. Depending on the angle between the wire and the applied magnetic field, simulations show that the magnetization structure exhibits curling or uniform rotation modes in the magnetization reversal process. In the curling mode, the magnetization structure exhibits a vortex along the wire with its core displaced from the wire axis. For angles larger than 50° the vortex core is close to the wire surface and disappears at 80°, changing the mode from curling to uniform rotation. Our model for computing the magnetoresistance revealed to be a useful tool in the understanding of magnetic properties of nanostructures.
Concurrent Prefix Recovery

This paper proposes a new recovery model based on group commit, called concurrent prefix recovery (CPR). CPR differs from traditional group commit implementations in two ways: (1) it provides a semantic description of committed operations, of the form "all operations until time ti from session i"; and (2) it uses asynchronous incremental checkpointing instead of a WAL to implement group commit in a scalable bottleneck-free manner. CPR provides the same consistency as a point-in-time commit, but allows a scalable concurrent implementation. We used CPR to make two systems durable: (1) a custom in-memory transactional database; and (2) FASTER, our state-of-theart, scalable, larger-than-memory key-value store. Our detailed evaluation of these modified systems shows that CPR is highly scalable and supports concurrent performance reaching hundreds of millions of operations per second on a multi-core machine.