Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IJRIC MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORK : OPTIMIZATION OF ROUTING ALGORITHMS FOR MOBILITY MODEL

Many wireless networking problems have to be solved for the efficient design and deployment of these communications devices that operate in a Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) environment. A Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is an infrastructure less network of mobile devices which are equipped with a transmitter and receiver. If any node want to communicate with the other node then each node act as a router for the establishment of the route in the Mobile Ad hoc Network. Therefore, if two nodes (devices) in a Mobile Ad hoc network want to communicate with each other, then packets can be transmitted directly or through some intermediate nodes i.e. Mobile Ad hoc Network is a collection of self organized network of flexible wireless nodes without a centralized control or infrastructure. In this paper, we are comparing an optimized routing algorithm for Mobile Ad hoc Network using NS2.
Study on Phenological Characters of Populus euphratica Oliv. in the Lower Reaches of the Tarim River

In this study,six phenological characters,i.e.the flowering,first foliation,second foliation,maturity,leaf coloration and defoliation of Populus euphratica Oliv.in the lower reaches of the Tarim River are observed and researched.The results show that the total phenophase of P.euphratica Oliv.form the flowering stage to the defoliation is for 229 days.Among these phenophases,the flowering stage from March 29 to April 19 is the shortest,whereas the maturity stage from May 25 to October 13 is the longest,and their durations are 21 and 141 days respectively.Because of Apocheima cinerarius pest,foliation of P.euphratica Oliv.can occur twice,the first and second foliations occur during the periods from April 4 to May 1 and from May 13 to June 4 respectively.The leaf coloration and defoliation stages occur simultaneously to some extent,they occur during the periods from September 26 to October 28 and from October 11 to November 12 respectively.The maturity stage of P.euphratica Oliv.is as long as more than 4 months,and it occurs simultaneously with flood season,which is advantageous for seed dispersal and germination,seedling rooting and promotion of the regeneration and succession of natural forests of P.euphratica Oliv.The study results also reveal that all the phenophases of P.euphratica Oliv.in the Tarim River Basin are latter than that in Minqin County of Gansu Province but earlier than that in the Turpan Basin of Xinjiang.
A Review of Online Consumer Behavior Research

As online consumer behavior is being paid more and more attentions from both managers and academic researchers, it is urgent to understand the whole landscape of the research field. Since then, this paper, based on knowledge metric analysis technique of mapping knowledge domains, reviews the literature of online consumer behavior research from three perspectives – the development of the research around the world, the theoretical foundations of the research and the focused topics, providing some insights for future studies.
An Assessment of the Seasonal Salinity Budget for the Upper Bay of Bengal

AbstractDuring each summer monsoon, the Bay of Bengal is inundated by a large amount of rain and river discharge. The effects of this freshening are gradually reversed over the course of the year, with near-surface salinities typically returning to their presummer monsoon levels before the start of the next rainy season. While the forcing responsible for the summertime freshening is clear, the processes that act to restore the bay’s salinity are not well understood. To examine these processes, the authors construct a basin-integrated, near-surface, seasonal salinity budget using data-assimilated output from the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM). From this salinity budget, it is deduced that vertical salt fluxes are primarily responsible for counterbalancing the near-surface freshening caused by the summertime freshwater fluxes. These vertical salt fluxes are largest during the months that immediately follow the summer monsoon, when the near-surface halocline is strongest. These results must be tempere.
Ammonium removal from aqueous solution by ion-exchange using packed bed natural zeolite

Ammonium removal from aqueous solution by a natural ion-exchange resin was investigated by considering the factors affecting the ammonium-exchange capacity including the zeolites’ particle size, the loading flow rates and the impact of a number of regenerations upon the ion-exchange capacity. The resin column was exhausted by downflow at 10, 25, 50 and 75 bed volume (BV)/h, until effluent ammonium concentration of more than 10 mg/l NH 4 + was achieved. The results indicate that conditioning of the zeolite improves the ion-exchange capacity and that the smaller particle size also causes a higher ion-exchange capacity due to greater available surface area. The actual ion-exchange capacity of the conditioned fine (-1.00+0.125) and coarse (-2.00+1.00) mm clinoptilolite was found to be 0.57 and 0.38 meq/g zeolite, respectively.
Check-in Counters Management: The Case Study of Lisbon Airport

In this paper the problem of assigning check-in counters to flights in a Zone of Lisbon airport is addressed at an early stage. Real traffic scenario and simulation of passengers behaviour and characteristics are considered. The aim is to minimize an objective function that takes into consideration the managing cost of opening checkin counters and the passengers’ cost of waiting to be served by the check-in operator. This latter cost function has been modelled by considering the International Air Transport Association level of service perceived by the passengers. Since the performances depend on the passengers’ behaviour and characteristics, simulation is used to compute the value of the objective function. Two optimization heuristic procedures have been tested and their results compared.
Gap fraction based estimation of LAI in Scots pine stands subjected to experimental removal of branches and stems

We compared estimates of leaf area index obtained by the LAI-2000 plant canopy analyzer (LAIPCA) to direct estimates of LAI ("true" LAI) obtained through allometric relationships. This was done for two Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands, where LAI was gradually reduced by removing branches and whole trees. LAI (defined on a hemisurface area basis) decreased from 2.24 to 0.50 in the branch removal experiment and from 1.58 to 0.29 in the tree removal experiment. The aim of the study was to analyse the variation in the ratio of the LAI-2000 estimate to the true LAI (LAIPCA/LAI) with changes in stand structure and total leaf area. In the tree removal plot, which had a smaller proportion of woody (branch) area, LAIPCA/LAI remained fairly stable (0.63‐0.69) and was smaller than that in the branch removal plot, where LAIPCA/LAI increased from 0.76 to 1.16 along with the decrease in leaf area and a subsequent increase in woody (stem) area. The ratio of LAIPCA to the plant area index (PAI) differed less between plots but remained higher in the branch removal plot (increasing from 0.56 to 0.69) than in the tree removal plot, where it varied between 0.55 and 0.60. Results were analysed with the help of a theoretical canopy radiation model, which can be inverted to give LAI based on the gap fraction values measured by the LAI-2000 and stand structural parameters. Model-inverted LAI agreed well with directly measured LAI, suggesting that the model is a useful tool for correcting bias in the LAI-2000 estimates because of grouping of leaf area and the contribution of woody area.
Beach morphodynamic influence on long-term oil pollution: The Prestige oil spill

The sinking of the Prestige tanker (November, 2002) spilled over 64000 tons of heavy fuel oil. The Prestige oil spill (POS) affected approximately 1000 km of coast belonging to Portugal, France and Spain and more than 600 sandy beaches were polluted along the Atlantic coast of Spain. Since POS, yearly surveys of two oiled sandy beaches (Galicia, NW Spain) have provided evidences regarding the oil pollution behavior and the influence of beach morphodynamics on the dynamics of the contamination. The analysis of wave climate, the extracted suction cores and the detected oil from 2004 and 2009 fieldworks have allowed to promote a conceptual model of the influence of beach morphodynamics on the first steps of an oil spill and to establish the effects on the long-term oil pollution
Lack of Toxicity of MÃ © thylÃ ̈ neBlue Chloride to Supravitally Stained Human Mammary Tissues

MÃ©thylÃ ̈ne blue chloride (MBC) has been used previously as a supravital stain to facilitate the excision and subsequent trans plantation of mammary epithelial structures by delineating them from surrounding connective tissue and fat, which stain less intensely. This study was undertaken to determine why MBC selectively stains epithelium and if it has any long-term toxicity to epithelial cells. Light microscopy indicated that MBC was taken up into cell cytoplasm, but neither thin-section nor scanning electron microscopy indicated the mechanism of uptake or cytoplasmic localization. Spectrophotometry indicated that relative MBC uptake was greatest by macrophage and mammary epi thelial cell lines and least by endothelial and fibroblast cell lines, offering an explanation for the more intense staining of epithe lium. Toxicity of MBC to the cell lines was dose dependent and corresponded roughly to the MBC uptake capacity of the cell lines. Low concentrations were stimulatory to growth of some cell lines in serum-free medium. Comparisons of primary epithelial cultures from 28 pairs of MBC-treated and untreated human breast tissues indicated no significant effect of MBC on the growth of cells of any classification (normal, nonmalignant atyp ical, and malignant). These results confirm that supravital MBC staining of mammary tissues may be used with confidence that it will not bias the outcome of subsequent experiments requiring healthy, proliferating mammary epithelium.
Predicting hazardous conditions on coastal rock platforms

On average, eight people per year lose their lives during rock fishing incidents on the New South Wales Coast. The NSW coroner has identified rock fishing as having one of the highest fatality rates of any sport in the state. There is a pressing need to: understand the critical factors governing overtopping of rock shelves and characterise the risks to people exposed to such conditions; and, to relate these risks to prevailing water level and offshore wave conditions so that appropriate warnings can be incorporated within daily weather forecasts. While a high proportion of fatalities occur during larger than average wave conditions, fatalities have also occurred during smaller wave conditions indicating that even during relatively benign conditions, some hazard may exist. Other studies have shown that proportionally higher fatalities also occur during long wave period conditions and during incoming tides, with wave groupiness also found to contribute to dangerous overtopping events. Based on field characterisations of the platforms at a number of popular or high-risk rock fishing locations along the Greater Sydney Coastline, a physical study has been undertaken to characterise the behaviour of wave groups impacting coastal rock platforms. The specific objective of the study has been to increase understanding of the resultant overtopping processes and to enable the prediction of potentially hazardous conditions. Hazard has been defined based on the anticipated maximum overtopping flow depth and velocity compared to existing guidelines for people exposed to flood flows. This investigation has allowed evaluation of the critical wave and water level conditions that lead to significant and potentially hazardous overtopping of rock platforms and the development of hazard prediction schemes. This prediction scheme is presently being incorporated into site specific assessments and forecasts at specific sites using local platform geometry and defined environmental conditions. Water level has been found to play a key role, with small increases in level resulting in large increases in potential hazard. The study findings have significant implications for the increased overtopping anticipated as a result of climate change and predicted sea-level rise.
Tuberculosis in Patients Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1. A Retrospective Multicentre Study of 123 Cases in France

SUMMARY In order to study the epidemiological, clinical, and progressive characteristics of TB in HIV-infected individuals, a retrospective study was conducted in nine infectious disease centres of university hospitals located in the southern half of France. Among the 5730 HIV-seropositive in- and out-patients, 123 (2.1 per cent) had TB (121 infections caused by M. tuberculosis , 2 by M. bovis ). Tuberculosis was pulmonary in 53 patients (43.1 per cent), extrapulmonary in 36 patients (29.3 per cent), and combined in 34 patients (27.6 per cent). There was no statistically significant difference among these three locations as to the mean CD4 count/mm3 (160±17), the type of antituberculosis therapy, the length of treatment (10.8±0.6 months) and the outcome. Fifty-two (45.2 per cent) patients received an initial antituberculosis therapeutic regimen of four drugs: isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide; 54 (46.9 per cent) were started on three drugs: isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol; and nine (7.8 per cent) received a two-drug combination: isoniazid, rifampicin. Fourteen of 75 patients subsequently received secondary preventive therapy. The mean follow-up time was 252±290 days. Clinical healing was obtained in 57.7 per cent of patients. Forty-six patients died, 33 during treatment: 23 from AIDS and eight from TB (in the first 3 weeks of treatment). Five patients suffered from relapses due to poor treatment compliance. Patients had a good prognosis if tuberculosis was diagnosed early.
Density differentiation of the Earth's matter and processes at the core‐mantle interface

The formation of the earth's core was due to the density differentiation of the primitive matter of the earth. This differentiation should be in progress at the core-mantle interface in the present epoch. Redistribution of substances of various densities gives rise to large-scale convective motions in the core and mantle. These motions create the geomagnetic field, and they may be a cause of disturbances at the core-mantle interface. It is shown that the outer core cannot be composed of a mixture or an alloy of two or several substances.
Computer-Aided Learning of Project Planning Within a Constructivist Framework

Constructivism is a theory of how learners come to know. Over the past decade science educators have increasingly adopted a constructivist approach to teaching and this approach could be equally valid to the teaching of computing. This paper describes results of a survey of 45 students studying a project management course for a Graduate Diploma of Business Computing. A simple computer based (Excel) tool has been created that allows students to undertake resource planning in a project situation, and gain planning experience from seeing immediately the results of their decision making. Although computer based, this project management tool has eliminated the complexity of fully featured computer project planning software. Its approach is to concentrate on the resources management aspect of project planning, and through its operations ensure students experience the dynamic nature of resource planning. The tool was used with constructivism as a referent. The results of the
An assessment of bed load sediment transport formulae for gravel bed rivers

The performance is tested of 12 bed load sediment transport formulae developed for use in gravel bed channels. The formulae are applied in the manner intended by the original authors. To this end, the test data are restricted to ones obtained in approximately steady flow when the material in motion was similar to that present on the bed; that is, transport was not size selective. This represents the nearest approach to “equilibrium sediment transport” that can be realized with available data. Four sets of river data and three sets of flume data were chosen for the test, covering a range of eight orders of magnitude in unit bed load transport rate. The test data were not used in the development of the formulae. The analysis separates mean bias and local bias. No formula performs consistently well. Limitations of the test data, the constraints imposed by an operationally realistic test, and reasons based upon the physics of the transport phenomenon all may be adduced for this. To estimate the magnitude of transport with limited hydraulic information, stream power equations should be used because they provide the most straightforward scale correlation of the phenomenon. In particular, the approach of Bagnold deserves further study. When local hydraulic information is available, a formula should be selected that is sensitive to bed state or grain size distribution and, in this context, the formulae of Einstein, Parker, and Ackers-White-Day bear continued examination.
Wuzishatangju, a new mandarin cultivar

Wuzishatangju (Shiyueju), a new seedless mandarin cultivar, was selected from a bud mutation at Shigou Township, Sihui. Fruit are small, weighing around 40 g; the average number of seeds per fruit is less than 0.5, so it may be regarded as seedless. Fruit are oblate in shape, with an orange red thin rind. The pulp is orange in color, sweet, fibreless and crisp, containing total soluble solids (TSS) of over 13%, of superior eating quality. Its full bloom occurs in mid March and the fruit mature in early December.
Vision Based Hand Gesture Recognition

With the development of ubiquitous computing, current user interaction approaches with keyboard, mouse and pen are not sufficient. Due to the limitation of these devices the useable command set is also limited. Direct use of hands as an input device is an attractive method for providing natural Human Computer Interaction which has evolved from text-based interfaces through 2D graphical-based interfaces, multimedia-supported interfaces, to fully fledged multi-participant Virtual Environment (VE) systems. Imagine the human-computer interaction of the future: A 3D- application where you can move and rotate objects simply by moving and rotating your hand - all without touching any input device. In this paper a review of vision based hand gesture recognition is presented. The existing approaches are categorized into 3D model based approaches and appearance based approaches, highlighting their advantages and shortcomings and identifying the open issues.
Transcriptome-wide Measurements of mRNA Stability

Numerous regulatory processes work at the level of RNA to ensure proper control of gene expression. Of these, transcription and decay are particularly important as together they determine the abundance of a given transcript. Several methods have been developed over the last two decades to interrogate the stability of transcripts genome-wide. Despite inherent limitations, methods based on transcription inhibition remain popular. I have developed two redundant normalization methods for in vivo metabolic labeling time course data generated by high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) that will make such experiments more accessible. I demonstrate that the use of exogenous whole organism spike-ins can help overcome transcript specific biases by averaging the behavior of thousands of exogenous transcripts. Additionally, I demonstrate that internal short-lived RNA species, e.g. introns, can be used to normalize the same time course data, often yielding more reproducible results than those obtained by normalizing to exogenous spike-ins.
Selling Women Short: Gender and Money on Wall Street

Rocked by a flurry of high-profile sex discrimination lawsuits in the 1990s, Wall Street was supposed to have cleaned up its act. It hasn't. Selling Women Short is a powerful new indictment of how America's financial capital has swept enduring discriminatory practices under the rug. Wall Street is supposed to be a citadel of pure economics, paying for performance and evaluating performance objectively. People with similar qualifications and performance should receive similar pay, regardless of gender. They don't. Comparing the experiences of men and women who began their careers on Wall Street in the late 1990s, Louise Roth finds not only that women earn an average of 29 percent less but also that they are shunted into less lucrative career paths, are not promoted, and are denied the best clients. Selling Women Short reveals the subtle structural discrimination that occurs when the unconscious biases of managers, coworkers, and clients influence performance evaluations, work distribution, and pay. In their own words, Wall Street workers describe how factors such as the preference to associate with those of the same gender contribute to systematic inequality. Revealing how the very systems that Wall Street established ostensibly to combat discrimination promote inequality, Selling Women Short closes with Roth's frank advice on how to tackle the problem, from introducing more tangible performance criteria to curbing gender-stereotypical client entertaining activities. Above all, firms could stop pretending that market forces lead to fair and unbiased outcomes. They don't.
The Ohio State University Underwater Robotics Tempest AUV Design and Implementation

—Since 2016, The Underwater Robotics Team (UWRT) at The Ohio State University has iterated on the foundations of a single Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) each year to compete at the RoboSub competition. Breaking from tradition, the team decided to take the 2019-2021 school years to design and build a new vehicle to compete in the 2021 competition. Featuring an entirely new hull design, refactored software, and an improved electrical system, UWRT has created its brand-new vehicle, Tempest.
Modeling the fluid/soil interface erosion in the Hole Erosion Test

Soil erosion is a complex phenomenon which yields at its final stage to insidious fluid leakages under the hydraulic infrastructures known as piping and which are the main cause of their rupture. The Hole Erosion Test is commonly used to quantify the rate of piping erosion. In this work, The Hole Erosion Test is modelled by using Fluent software package. The aim is to predict the erosion rate of soil during the hole erosion test. The renormalization group theory – based k –e turbulence model equations are used. This modelling makes it possible describing the effect of the clay concentration in flowing water on erosion. Unlike the usual one dimensional models, the proposed modelling shows that erosion is not uniform erosion along the hole length. In particular, the concentration of clay is found to increase noticeably the erosion rate.
Global solutions to one-dimensional compressible Navier-Stokes-Poisson equations with density-dependent viscosity

In this paper, we prove the global existence of weak solutions to one-dimensional compressible isentropic Navier–Stokes–Poisson equations with density-dependent viscosity and free boundaries. The initial density ρ0∊W1,2n is bounded below by a positive constant, and the initial velocity u0∊L2n. In contrast to Jiang et al. [“Global weak solutions to 1D compressible isentropic Navier-Stokes equations with density-dependent viscosity,” Methods Appl. Anal. 12, 239 (2005)], the Sobolev exponent n is less in this paper, and the viscosity coefficient μ=μ(ρ) is a general function of ρ including the cases μ(ρ)=c0ρθ (0