Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A new tracking system of jaw movement using two magnets

Summary form only given. Tracking of jaw movement is sufficient to characterize the treatment of periodontal disease. Conventional optical methods or mechanical methods have adverse effect due to the presence of metal clutch in the patient's mouth. These clutches disturb the physiology. Conventional magnetic method has utilized a permanent magnet and magnetic field sensors. The conventional magnetic method has inherent limitation that the system provides only the position of the point source and the sensors are fixed to the head. This one point detection is not sufficient to characterize the treatment of jaw movement as a rigid body. A new magnetic tracking system of jaw movement utilized a six degrees of freedom of the lower jaw is proposed here. This technique is based on the magnetic motion capture system of two magnets proposed by us (IEEE Trans. Mgn. vol.36, p.3646, (2000)). The system does not need to fix magnetic field sensors or clutch to the patient's body or mouth. The impact of this result goes beyond the conventional optical and magnetic tracking system of jaw movement.
Factors that influence the successful marketing of bioplastic products in Zimbabwe: Towards a circular economy by 2030

Bioplastics are eco-friendly products that are not only highly bio-gradable and compositable, but also have robust rheological properties compared to fossil-based plastic products. Given the huge quantity of fossil-based plastics that are produced and consumed annually in Zimbabwe, consumers’ acceptance of these products may assist the country to smoothly transitioning from the current linear economic system (LES) towards a circular economic system (CES). The main purpose of the study was to explore factors that might influence the successful marketing of bioplastic products by Zimbabwe firms. With the aid of a structural regression equation, the study used a correlational design where quantitative data were collected from a random sample of 100 respondents. The findings show that self-identity, perceived value, cognitive biases and self-congruity were all positive and statistically significant at various levels of confidence. Zimbabwe plastic firms should consider these factors if they are to successfully implement strategies that increase the acceptance of bioplastic products. The adoption of discontinuous green technologies that reduce the cost of producing bioplastic products is recommended in order to increase the perceived value of bioplastics. Marketing efforts that help to increase consumers’ awareness and hence acceptance of bioplastic products must be adopted by firms.
Purified Plant-Derived Phenolic Acids Inhibit Salmonella Typhimurium without Alteration of Microbiota in a Simulated Chicken Cecum Condition

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST) remains a predominant zoonotic pathogen because of its colonization in poultry, survivability in the environment, and increasing antibiotic-resistance pattern. Plant-derived phenolics, gallic acid (GA), protocatechuic acid (PA), and vanillic acids (VA) have demonstrated antimicrobial activity in vitro; therefore, this study collected chicken cecal fluid and supplemented it with these phenolics to evaluate their potential for eliminating ST and mod-ulating the microbiota of complex environments. ST was quantified through plating, while micro-biome analysis was performed through pair-end 16S-rRNA gene sequencing. CFU/mL of ST in cecal fluid with GA was significantly reduced by 3.28 and 2.78 log at 24 h and 48 h, while PA only had a slight numerical decrease. VA significantly reduced ST by 4.81 and 5.20 log at 24 h and 48 h. Changes in relative abundance of major phyla were observed at 24 h for samples with GA and VA as Firmicute levels increased 8.30% and 20.90%, while Proteobacteria decreased 12.86% and 18.48%, respectively. Significant changes in major genre were observed in Acinetobacter (3.41% for GA) and Escherichia (13.53% for VA), while Bifidobacterium increased (3.44% for GA) and Lactobacillus remained unchanged. Results suggest that phenolic compounds exert different effects on certain pathogens, while supporting some commensal bacteria.
A genogeographic study of the Kyrgyz mountain merino via microsatellite markers

The aim was to ascertain the genetic and geographical structure of the Kyrgyz mountain merino (KMM). We analyzed DNA samples of 109 Kyrgyz mountain merino specimens, bred in three state breeding factories (STB), including “Orgochor” in the Issykul Province, “Katta-Taldyk” in the Osh Province and STb named after Luschikhin in the Talas Province. We identified 126 alleles in 12 microsatellite markers (McM042, INRA006, McM527, ETH152, CSRD247, OarFCB20, INRA172, INRA063, MAF065, MAF214, INRA005, INRA023). There were 6 to 16 alleles in each locus (mean 10.500 ± 0.957 alleles per locus). We identified 67 rare alleles (prevalence less than 5.0 %), which made up 53.2 % of all alleles found. The greatest number of rare alleles was found in STR-markers of CSRD247, INRA023, INRA005, INRA006, MAF214 and OarFCB20. For each group, there were individual differences in the distribution of allele frequencies across all the STR loci studied. The most significant of them were as follows: with regard to the McM042 locus, allele 87 was major in the TALAS and OSH groups (35.6 and 45.7 %, respectively), whereas allele 95 was major in the ISSYK- KUL group (36.2 %); allele 154 was major in all groups with regard to the INRA172 locus, but it was 1.25 times less prevalent in the ISSYK-KUL and 1.66 times less prevalent in the OSH groups compared to TALAS (55.2 and 41.4 %, respectively), whereas alleles 156 and 158 were found only in the ISSYK-KUL group. Considering the ETH152 locus, 186 allele prevalence in the TALAS group was 51.1 %, but allele 190 was also markedly prevalent in the ISSYK-KUL and OSH groups, 34.5 and 34.3 %, respectively. The genetic division of the studied groups of KMM (with K from 3 to 10) was homogeneous – the contribution of each subcluster was equivalent. The AMOVA analysis revealed that the groups are located equidistantly. To conclude, the genetic diversity of the Kyrgyz mountain merino in three state breeding factories of the Kyrgyz Republic was high and comparable with each other.
Synergistic Use of MODIS and AIRS in a Variational Retrieval of Cloud Parameters

The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) measurements from the Earth Observing System’s (EOS’s) Aqua satellite enable global monitoring of the distribution of clouds. MODIS is able to provide a cloud mask, surface and cloud types, cloud phase, cloud-top pressure (CTP), effective cloud amount (ECA), cloud particle size, and cloud optical thickness at high spatial resolution (1‐5 km). The combined MODIS‐AIRS system offers the opportunity for improved cloud products, better than from either system alone; this improvement is demonstrated in this paper with both simulated and real radiances. A one-dimensional variational (1DVAR) methodology is used to retrieve the CTP and ECA from AIRS longwave (650‐790 cm21 or 15.38‐12.65 mm) cloudy radiance measurements (hereinafter referred to as MODIS‐AIRS 1DVAR). The MODIS‐AIRS 1DVAR cloud properties show significant improvement over the MODIS-alone cloud properties and slight improvement over AIRS-alone cloud properties in a simulation study, while MODIS‐AIRS 1DVAR is much more computationally efficient than the AIRS-alone 1DVAR; comparisons with radiosonde observations show that CTPs improve by 10‐40 hPa for MODIS‐AIRS CTPs over those from MODIS alone. The 1DVAR approach is applied to process the AIRS longwave cloudy radiance measurements; results are compared with MODIS and Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite sounder cloud products. Data from ground-based instrumentation at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program Cloud and Radiation Test Bed in Oklahoma are used for validation; results show that MODIS‐AIRS improves the MODIS CTP, especially in low-level clouds. The operational use of a high-spatial-resolution imager, along with information from a high-spectral-resolution sounder will be possible with instruments planned for the next-generation geostationary operational instruments.
Secoisolariciresinol Diglucoside (SDG) from flaxseed in the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus

This review focuses on the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on the development of type 1 and type 2 diabetes and its treatment with secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) isolated from flaxseed which is an antioxidant and suppresses phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) gene expression, a ratelimiting enzyme in the gluconeogenesis in the liver. Role of ROS in the development of type 1 diabetes [diabetic prone Bio Breeding (BBdp) rats and streptozotocin-induced diabetic (STZ) rats and type 2 diabetes (Zucker diabetic fatty female rats, ZDF rats)] has been discussed. Oxidative stress has been assessed by measuring serum and pancreatic malondialdehyde (MDA), pancreatic chemiluminescence (pancreatic-CL) and oxygen radical producing activity of white blood cells (WBCCL). Diagnosis of diabetes was made by hyperglycaemia and glucosuria. Incidence of diabetes was 100 % in SDZ rats, 72 % in BBdp rats and 100 % in ZDF rats by the age of 72 days. Development of diabetes was associated with increases in the serum and pancreatic MDA, WBC-CL and pancreatic-CL and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1 c). SDG prevented the development of diabetes by 75 % in STZ rats, by 71 % in BBdp rats and by 20 % at 72 days of age in ZDF rats. However, 80 % of the rats which did not develop diabetes by 72 days of age, developed diabetes later on, suggesting that SDG treatment delays the development of diabetes in ZDF rats. Treatment with SDG decreased the levels of serum and pancreatic MDA, WBC-CL and pancreatic-CL. In conclusion, development of type 1 and type 2 diabetes is mediated through oxidative stress and the prevention or delay in the development of diabetes with SDG could be due to its antioxidant activity and its suppressant effect on PEPCK enzyme. Lignan complex which contains 34 % to 38 % of SDG is effective in lowering serum glucose and HbA1 c in type 2 diabetes in humans.
Wavelength Dependence of Optimum Core-to-Cladding Ratio for Power Efficient Cladding-Pumped Coupled Multi-Core EDFA

This paper proposes cross-sectional design guidelines suitable for a power efficient cladding-pumped coupled multi-core erbium-doped fiber amplifier (MC-EDFA). Numerical calculations revealed that the optimal core-to-cladding ratio (<italic>R</italic><sub>cc</sub>) of the MC-EDFA for achieving a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) differs depending on the operational bandwidth (C- or L-band): specifically, the PCE in the C-band amplifier improves as <italic>R</italic><sub>cc</sub> increases, whereas that in the L-band amplifier maximizes at a specific <italic>R</italic><sub>cc</sub> value. We experimentally verified our calculation results using an <italic>R</italic><sub>cc</sub>-optimized 12-core EDFA and found we could achieve a more than 5% PCE for L-band operation. Finally, we investigated the effect of the number of cores and core radius on the PCE and confirmed a similar <italic>R</italic><sub>cc</sub> dependence for an MC-EDFA with an arbitrary number of cores.
(p)ppGpp – an important player during heat shock response

Abstract The alarmones and second messengers (p)ppGpp are important for the cellular response to amino acid starvation. Although the stringent response is present in many bacteria, the targets and functions of (p)ppGpp can differ between species, and our knowledge of (p)ppGpp targets is constantly expanding. Recently, it was demonstrated that these alarmones are also part of the heat shock response in Bacillus subtilis and that there is a functional overlap with the oxidative and heat stress transcriptional regulator Spx. Here, the (p)ppGpp second messenger alarmones allow the fast stress-induced downregulation of translation while Spx inhibits the further expression of translation-related genes to lower the load on the protein quality control system, while the chaperone and protease expression is induced. In this review, we discuss the role of (p)ppGpp and its intricate connections in the complex network of stress sensing, heat shock response, and adaptation in B. subtilis cells.
Twenty-Five Year Trend Change in the Etiology of Pediatric Invasive Bacterial Infections in Korea, 1996–2020

Background The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has contributed to the change in the epidemiology of many infectious diseases. This study aimed to establish the pre-pandemic epidemiology of pediatric invasive bacterial infection (IBI). Methods A retrospective multicenter-based surveillance for pediatric IBIs has been maintained from 1996 to 2020 in Korea. IBIs caused by eight bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella species) in immunocompetent children > 3 months of age were collected at 29 centers. The annual trend in the proportion of IBIs by each pathogen was analyzed. Results A total of 2,195 episodes were identified during the 25-year period between 1996 and 2020. S. pneumoniae (42.4%), S. aureus (22.1%), and Salmonella species (21.0%) were common in children 3 to 59 months of age. In children ≥ 5 years of age, S. aureus (58.1%), followed by Salmonella species (14.8%) and S. pneumoniae (12.2%) were common. Excluding the year 2020, there was a trend toward a decrease in the relative proportions of S. pneumoniae (rs = −0.430, P = 0.036), H. influenzae (rs = −0.922, P < 0.001), while trend toward an increase in the relative proportion of S. aureus (rs = 0.850, P < 0.001), S. agalactiae (rs = 0.615, P = 0.001), and S. pyogenes (rs = 0.554, P = 0.005). Conclusion In the proportion of IBIs over a 24-year period between 1996 and 2019, we observed a decreasing trend for S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae and an increasing trend for S. aureus, S. agalactiae, and S. pyogenes in children > 3 months of age. These findings can be used as the baseline data to navigate the trend in the epidemiology of pediatric IBI in the post COVID-19 era.
A 10.8-to-37.4 Gb/s Reference-Less FD-Less Single-Loop Quarter-Rate Bang-Bang Clock and Data Recovery Employing Deliberate-Current- Mismatch Wide-Frequency-Acquisition Technique

This paper reports a reference-less frequency- detector-less single-loop bang-bang clock and data recovery (BBCDR) circuit featuring wide frequency acquisition. We use a current-starved ring oscillator controlled by a 5-bit resistive digital-to-analog converter to maintain quarter-rate operation, supporting a capture range of 110.4%. By the virtue of a deliberate-current-mismatch charge pump pair, we form the single-sided capture scheme in the frequency detection characteristic, eliminating the power-hungry circuits in the high-speed clock and data paths. Employing a hybrid control circuit, the proposed BBCDR automates frequency acquisition and phase tracking in the overall 32 bands. Prototyped in a 65-nm CMOS, the BBCDR covers a wide data rate from 10.8 to 37.4 Gb/s, achieving an acquisition speed of 4.63 [(Gb/s)/ $\mu \text{s}$ ] and an energy efficiency of 1.3 pJ/bit.
Color temperature tunable RGBW cluster with optimize color rendering and efficacy

Abstract. Our work is devoted to the optimization of 4-component RGBW smart lighting systems that are able to obtain the resulting white light with a combination of high color rendering and luminous efficacy for a certain fixed correlated color temperature. Three approaches for the determination of the optimal brightness contributions of the light emitting diodes (LEDs) are studied. They are accordingly based on: (1) maximization of the color rendering, (2) prioritizing to reduce the color rendering maximum by 1 to 6 units to increase luminous efficacy, and (3) getting a constant value of RGB contribution and luminous efficacy while maintaining high color rendering. A comparison of the three systems with different base white LEDs is demonstrated. The obtained theoretical results are verified experimentally.
Relationship of Force Variables to Vertical Jumps Performance

47 Introduction . 48 Methods . 49 Experimental approach to the problem . 49 Participants . 50 Procedures . 50 Analysis . 52 Results . 53 Discussion . 61 Practical Applications . 62 References . 63 5. NORMALIZATION OF ISOMETRIC MID-THIGH PULL FORCE VALUES AND COUNTERMOVEMENT JUMP PERFORMANCE . 65 Abstract . 66 Introduction . 67. 66 Introduction . 67 Methods . 68 Experimental approach to the problem . 69
A Low Switch Count 13-Level Switched-Capacitor Inverter With Hexad Voltage-Boosting for Renewable Energy Integration

Switched-Capacitor multilevel inverters (SCMLI) are being explored for renewable power applications like solar-PV integration because of their benefits of low component count and low-cost factors. This work presents and explores a new multilevel inverter with a hexad voltage-boosting capability. It employs a single source and produces a 13-level waveform by utilizing only fourteen switches, two diodes, and four capacitors. The voltage across the capacitors is maintained at the desired magnitudes during the switching of the inverter by connecting the DC source and capacitors in parallel at several time locations in one operating cycle. The topology proposed in this work is compared with the recent 13-level topologies in terms of switches, diodes, capacitors, and cost factors (CF). A level-shifted PWM-based algorithm generates the circuit switches’ PWM pulses. The CF of the proposed SCMLI is found to be 2.461, which is the lowest among the compared hexad-boosted MLIs. Experimental validation is performed on a hardware prototype to validate various operational conditions of load change, modulation index change, and reference frequency change.
Development of qualitative GC MS method for simultaneous identification of PM-CCM a modified illicit drugs preparation and its modern-day application in drug-facilitated crimes

Prescriptions for psychoactive substances such as Pregabalin, Methamphetamine, Caffeine, Clonazepam and Mirtazapine (PM-CCM) are common in the treatment of a variety of disorders. Indeed, the PM-CCM has been used in different therapeutic areas, including insomnia, anxiety, seizure disorders, etc. Unfortunately, these psychoactive substances are present in the illegal street market, leading to a lot of drug abuse among some addicted users, road insecurity and suicide. Hence, it has become essential to validate and develop a rapid and effective method to analyze the PM-CCM, a modified illicit drug, for drug abuse in the forensic sciences. A simple, rapid, specific and sensitive Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry(GC-MS) method has been developed for the identification of Pregabalin, Methamphetamine, Caffeine, Clonazepam and Mirtazapine (PM-CCM) in forensic exhibits. At room temperature, the sample was ultrasonicated for 5 minutes before being extracted with methanol. A highly precise auto-injector is used to inject a very small quantity of samples for analysis. Helium is used as a carrier gas with a flow rate of 1 ml/min. The separation of PM-CCM was performed on SH-RXi-5 MS, ID.25 mm, film thickness. 25 µm, length of 30 m column. The constituents of PM-CCM were identified by the mass-to-charge ratio (m/z ratio) of fragments of the parent compound by comparing them with the NIST-17 MS Library. Separation and identification of PM-CCM were achieved within a 15-minute run. The proposed method has been successfully used for the routine analysis of PM-CCM in complex illicit drug preparations and in forensic exhibits as well. The application of above discussed qualitative analysis method and screening of PM-CCM, modified illicit drug samples demonstrates the potential and applicability of the technique to the fast chemical profiling of illicit samples.
STATISTICAL TESTS OF THE LOGNORMAL DISTRIBUTION AS A BASIS FOR INTEREST RATE CHANGES

In modeling the periodic change in the interest rate of a'given maturity, the lognormal distribution is frequently assumed. This paper identifies several implicit assumptions underlying the use of this distribution, tests those assumptions against historical interest rates, and presents additional information from those tests. I. INTRODUCTION The stochastic generation of future yield curves, economic scenario testing in asset/liability management, and option-pricing techniques are some applications of the use of the lognormal distribution for modeling periodic changes in interest rates for periods up to 30 years or longer. The validity of the results, and conclusions drawn from those results, may be called into question if the application of the lognormal distribution fails to conform adequately to experience. There is strong motivation to confirm the applicability of the lognormal distribution. The lognormal distribution is applied to the modeling of interest rates in the following manner (see [9]): Let I, represent the interest rate at time t. The "lognormal assumption" often used is that the distribution of In(I,÷l/It) is normal with mean zero and constant variance. Thus It+l=I,×e"xzt, where cr is the standard deviation (volatility) and Zt is a standard normal random variable. The above equation is a special case of It+ 1 =It x e~'t+'~,z,, where Iz, is the mean or drift of the interest rate for period t and o't is the standard deviation or volatility of the rate over the same period. The often-used combination is that of mean equal to zero and constant standard deviation over time. The last equation can be written in the form
Evolving to Divide the Fruits of Cooperation*

Cooperation and the allocation of common resources are core features of social behavior. Games idealizing both interactions have been studied separately. But here, rather than examining the dynamics of the individual games, the interactions are combined so that players first choose whether to cooperate, and then, if they jointly cooperate, they bargain over the fruits of their cooperation. It is shown that the dynamics of the combined game cannot simply be reduced to the dynamics of the individual games and that both cooperation and fair division are more likely in the combined game than in the constituent games taken separately.
Temperature-Insensitive 850-nm Dual-Mode-VCSEL With 25.1-GHz Bandwidth at 85 °C

The detuning between the spectral positions of gain peaks and cavity resonances greatly influences the elevated temperature performances of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). Therefore, the design and optimization of gain–cavity detuning in VCSELs have long been piquing researchers' interest. This work presents an 850-nm dual-mode-VCSEL meticulously designed with qualified higher-temperature performances in mind. Bringing enhanced functionalities over extended operating temperatures, delivering 3-dB bandwidths of 27.5 GHz at 25 °C, 26.7 GHz at 65 °C, and reaching a believed to be record-breaking 85 °C bandwidth of 25.1 GHz. The 2.4-GHz bandwidth decline with the temperature rise (25 °C to 85 °C) is considerably less impaired than in prior studies. The junction temperatures and cavity lifetimes at different temperatures are extracted by fitting spectra and microwave measurements. Lastly, we summarize and discuss the critical design features and the possible future prospectives of modern high-performance uncooled datacom VCSELs with temperature-insensitive performances.