Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Habitat complexity and coral reef fish diversity and abundance on Red Sea fringing reefs

The influence of several substratum variables, particularly structural complexity and Live coral cover, on coral reef fish species richness and abundance was investigated. By surveying fish species with varying strengths of association with the substratum and at different sampling scales, this study aims to assess the scale-dependence of correlations between substratum characteristics and fish comn~unity parameters. Fish from 5 families (Acanthuridae, Chaetodonhdae, Labridae, Pomacentridae and Scaridae) were counted along transects by visual census. Substratum charactenstics were measured from stereophotographic transects. Three measures of structural complexity were used: (1) an index of surface area, (2) the vanety of different substrata (biological diversity), and (3) numbers of holes (of hfferent sizes). Although the depth of peak specles richness varied between families, overall there was a trend of increasing species richness with increasing depth. Surface index was a poor predictor of overall species richness but was significantly correlated with pomacentrid species richness and abundance on 200 m transects. In contrast, biological diversity of the substratum (H') was highly correlated with overall fish species nchness. Numbers of holes of 3 sizes taken together accounted for 77 O/ O of the variance in overall fish abundance on the 200 m transects. None of the measures of structural complexity were significantly correlated with species nchness or abundance of small, strongly siteattached fish. Live coral cover was not significantly correlated w t h species richness or abundance of fish from any family (except for a weak correlation w ~ t h abundance of obligate corallivorous chaetodontids).
Speaker-adaptive vowel identification

This thesis is about speaker-adaptive vowel identification by humans and by machines. In this first chapter we introduce the research topics and our approaches. We start with a short description of the vowel material that we have used. This is followed by an overview of various learning models used to model speaker adaptive behaviour. 2 Chapter
Marine geology of the Gulf of California

The Gulf of California, one of the first areas of North America to be explored in 1539, has been largely ignored by geologists and oceanographers. This neglect, due largely to its inaccessibility by land, is remarkable in view of the great interest of many of its features, and its nearness to centers of geologic research. The structure and origin of long deep basins bordered by continental masses such as this one are not well understood; they are important for the interpretation of many major ancient tectonic features and of the present structure of continents and oceans. The large variations in many factors controlling sedimentation, such as climate, water depth, and type of sediment supply, plus the Gulf’s nearly land-locked character and well defined water circulation, make it a natural laboratory for the study of many aspects of sedimentology and oceanography in which th effects of various factors can ultimately be isolated. Nearly all of the 16 papers in this volume contain the results of originaland previously unpublished work of the geology of the Gulf of California. The volume also contains 3 fold-out charts of the area.
Project : TERAFLUX-Exploiting dataflow parallelism in Teradevice Computing

Dissemination Level: PU PU Public PP Restricted to other programs participant (including the Commission Services) RE Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (including the Commission Services) CO Confidential, only for members of the consortium (including the Commission Services) Document marked as PU (Public) is published in Italy, for the TERAFLUX Consortium, on the www.teraflux. eu web site and can be distributed to the Public. The list of author does not imply any claim of ownership on the Intellectual Properties described in this document. The authors and the publishers make no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibilities for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the use of the information contained in this document. This document is furnished under the terms of the TERAFLUX License Agreement (the "License") and may only be used or copied in accordance with the terms of the License. The information in this document is a work in progress, jointly developed by the members of TERAFLUX Consortium ("TERAFLUX") and is provided for informational use only. The technology disclosed herein may be protected by one or more patents, copyrights, trademarks and/or trade secrets owned by or licensed to TERAFLUX Partners. The partners reserve all rights with respect to such technology and related materials. Any use of the protected technology and related material beyond the terms of the License without the prior written consent of TERAFLUX is prohibited. This document contains material that is confidential to TERAFLUX and its members and licensors. Until publication, the user should assume that all materials contained and/or referenced in this document are confidential and proprietary unless otherwise indicated or apparent from the nature of such materials (for example, references to publicly available forms or documents). Disclosure or use of this document or any material contained herein, other than as expressly permitted, is prohibited without the prior written consent of TERAFLUX or such other party that may grant permission to use its proprietary material. The trademarks, logos, and service marks displayed in this document are the registered and unregistered trademarks of TERAFLUX, its members and its licensors. The copyright and trademarks owned by TERAFLUX, whether registered or unregistered, may not be used in connection with any product or service that is not owned, approved or distributed by TERAFLUX, and may not be used in any manner …
MADAGASCAR: Heads It's a Continent, Tails It's an Island

▪ Abstract Neither geologists nor biologists have a definition that is capable of classifying Madagascar unambiguously as an island or a continent; nor can they incorporate Malagasy natural history into a single model rooted in Africa or Asia. Madagascar is a microcosm of the larger continents, with a rock record that spans more than 3000 million years (Ma), during which it has been united episodically with, and divorced from, Asian and African connections. This is reflected in its Precambrian history of deep crustal tectonics and a Phanerozoic history of biodiversity that fluctuated between cosmopolitanism and parochialism. Both vicariance and dispersal events over the past 90 Ma have blended a unique endemism on Madagascar, now in decline following rapid extinctions that started about 2000 years ago.
Photonic band gaps and local self-uniformity : new perspectives on disordered optical media

Simple connections between structure and optical response empower us with essential intuition to engineer complex optical functionalities. In this thesis, I study photonic crystals, quasicrystals and amorphous materials to quantify the structural properties that give rise to photonic band gaps (PBGs). Along the way, I develop two novel perspectives on the optical analysis of arbitrarily-structured media: generalised photonic band structure and local self-uniformity (LSU). Generalised photonic band structures reproduce the Bloch-wave band structure of photonic crystals but, crucially, also yield naturally unfolded complete dispersion relations for aperiodic materials. Using generalised band structures, I demonstrate that the overall form of a material's dispersion relation is determined by the non-zero momentum transfers of its structure factor. I observe in great detail the fractal-like PBG spectra of a pair of Penrose photonic quasicrystals. Here, I demonstrate that, in most cases, the Penrose PBGs form through a mechanism of Bragg scattering-induced standing wave formation. The fundamental gap of each structure, however, is attributed to spatially localised scattering resonances. I also fabricate and characterise hyperuniform gold metasurfaces. Fluorescence emission characterisation reveals a statistically isotropic distribution of momentum states within the light cone; this property is shown to result from the metasurface structure factor. In the second part of this thesis I introduce LSU as a continuous measure of the extent to which a network possesses an optimal PBG-forming structure. Specifically, LSU measures the geometrical and topological similarities of the local vertex environments in a network of uniform valency. I demonstrate that both known optimal photonic crystal structures and disordered PBG-forming networks possess significant LSU. Further, I produce the first known designs of amorphous gyroid networks. Amorphous gyroids possess significant LSU and can exhibit a sizeable complete PBG; these PBGs are validated experimentally by performing microwave transmission experiments on centimetre-scale alumina prototypes (er = 9:5 ± 0.3 at 22 GHz). Using ensembles of both amorphous gyroids and planar hyperuniform networks, I demonstrate the striking correlation between LSU and PBG-forming ability. I rationalise the success of LSU by advancing a picture of photonic tight binding in high index connected networks. This picture explains the origin of PBGs in both ordered and disordered connected networks, and suggests why the diamond architecture possesses the largest known PBG. To conclude, I explore the possibility that amorphous gyroids exist in the wing scales of butteries. I reveal that the microstructure in the scales of Pseudolycaena marsyas possesses substantial amorphous gyroid character and demonstrate that the buttery's reflectance spectrum can be effectively reproduced by amorphous gyroid microstructures.
Demonstration of a Sub-micron Damascene Cu/Low-k Mechanical Sensor to Monitor Stress in BEOL Metallization

This work reports the results of a mechanical sensor to monitor stress in 100 nm critical dimension Cu interconnects. Existing methodology developed for larger scale Al sensors is discussed and evaluated for Cu/SiO2 and Cu/Low-k integration schemes. New sensor release methods are then developed and the Cu sensor is demonstrated in single and dual damascene technology. We also demonstrate the sensor is sensitive to process modifications and a viable tool for monitoring stress in the Cu back end of line stack.
Occurrence,damage of the soil-dwelling pests and its management strategy in China

Along with the structure regulation of agricultural industry of China,increased areas of high-value economic crop,intercropping and multiple crop index has resulted in occurrence resurgence of soil-dwelling pests.The paper reviews the occurrence, damage situation of soil dwelling pests of crop, causes of serious occurrence in China, and its management tactics of based on agricultural and biological control. Meanwhile, this paper also briefly discusses the development and research prospect of bio-rational pesticides in controlling subterranean pests.
Physical versus biological spring transition: 2005

In 2005, the onset of spring conditions in the physics of the coastal ocean (lowered sea level, spin‐up of vertically‐sheared equatorward coastal jet) came about 50 days later than average off Newport Oregon, on May 24. There was a further delay of 50 days before the subsurface upwelled water penetrated into the anomalously stratified surface layer, becoming most available for biological activity. The warm anomaly in sea surface temperature which provided the surface cap was observed at mid‐shelf locations from Washington to central California, but it ended sooner south of Oregon. Biological impacts of these delays to several trophic levels have been reported.
PENCEMARAN LIMBAH DOMESTIK DAN PERTANIAN TERHADAP AIRTANAH BEBAS DI KABUPATEN BANDUNG

Airtanah bebas merupakan salah satu sumber air bersih bagi penduduk di Kabupaten Bandung bagian selatan. Pemanfaatannya dilakukan dengan cara membuat sumur gali maupun sumur pantek. Lokasi sumur-sumur tersebut berdekatan dengan sumber pencemar domestik dan pertanian sehingga rentan terkontaminasi. Pencemar yang dapat timbul pada air sumur akibat limbah domestik adalah solid, ammonium, dan bakteri coliform. Sementara, pencemar nitrat umumnya bersumber dari kegiatan pertanian. Untuk mengetahui pencemaran airtanah di lokasi penelitian, dilakukan analisis kimia air dan kandungan bakteri coliform, pada 21 conto air dari sumur gali di Kabupaten Bandung bagian selatan. Pemilihan lokasi berdasarkan pada hasil pemantauan kepadatan pemukiman menggunakan citra satelit pada aplikasi Google Earth, kemudian selanjutnya disesuaikan dengan kondisi lapangan di wilayah penelitian. Hasil analisis menunjukkan telah terjadinya pencemaran solid, nitrat, ammonium, dan coliform di beberapa titik. Hasil pemantauan lapangan memperkirakan nitrat berasal dari kegiatan pertanian, sedangkan solid, ammonium, dan coliform berasal dari limbah domestik. Pergerakan pencemar sampai ke airtanah ini didukung oleh pola aliran airtanah di lokasi tersebut. Unconfined groundwater is the source of clean water to residents in the southern part of Bandung Regency. The need of water is fulfilled through shallow drilling of wells and panteks. The locations of the wells are close to domestic and agricultural pollution sources, so they are vulnerable to get contaminated. Pollutants that may arise in wells water due to domestic waste are solid, ammonium, and coliform bacteria. While, nitrate are generally derived from agricultural activities. To determine the contamination of groundwater at the study area, chemical analysis and coliform bacteria were conducted from 21 wells in southern part of Bandung Regency. The dug well locations were chosen based on the results of monitoring the residential density based on satellite images from the Google Earth application and adjusted to the field conditions in area of research. The result of analysis showed that contamination of solid, nitrate, ammonium, and coliform had occurred at some points. Result of field monitoring estimated that nitrate had derived from agricultural activities, while solid, ammonium, and coliform came from domestic waste. The movement of contaminants to groundwater was supported by the groundwaterflow pattern at the location.
Regional Frequency Analysis at Ungauged Sites with the Generalized Additive Model.

AbstractThe log-linear regression model is one of the most commonly used models to estimate flood quantiles at ungauged sites within the regional frequency analysis (RFA) framework. However, hydrological processes are naturally complex in several aspects including nonlinearity. The aim of the present paper is to take into account this nonlinearity by introducing the generalized additive model (GAM) in the estimation step of RFA. A neighborhood approach using canonical correlation analysis (CCA) is used to delineate homogenous regions. GAMs possess a number of advantages such as flexibility in shapes of the relationships as well as the distribution of the output variable. The regional model is applied on a dataset of 151 hydrometrical stations located in the province of Quebec, Canada. A stepwise procedure is employed to select the appropriate physiometeorological variables. A comparison is performed based on different elements (regional model, variable selection, and delineation). Results indicate that mo.
Mountain goat responses to helicopter disturbance

Mountain goat (Oreamnos americanus) responses to helicopter traffic were investigated at Caw Ridge (Alberta) from June to August 1995. A population of 109 marked individuals inhabited the ridge during the study. As measured by their overt responses, mountain goats were disturbed by 58% of the flights and were more adversely affected when helicopters flew within 500 m. Eighty-five percent of flights within 500 m caused the goats to move >100 m; 9% of the flights >1,500 m away caused the goats to move similar distances. Helicopter visibility and height above ground, number of goats in the group, group type (bachelor or nursery), and behavior of groups just prior to helicopter flights did not appear to influence reactions of goats to helicopters. Helicopter flights caused the disintegration of social groups on 25 occasions and resulted in 1 case of severe injury to an adult female. Based on these observations, restriction of helicopter flights within 2 km of alpine areas and cliffs that support mountain goat populations is recommended.
Speeding up Scalar Multiplication in Genus 2 Hyperelliptic Curves with Efficient Endomorphisms

This paper proposes an efficient scalar multiplication algorithm for hyperelliptic curves, which is based on the idea that efficient endomorphisms can be used to speed up scalar multiplication. We first present a new Frobenius expansion method for special hyperelliptic curves that have Gallant‐Lambert‐Vanstone (GLV) endomorphisms. To compute kD for an integer k and a divisor D, we expand the integer k by the Frobenius endomorphism and the GLV endomorphism. We also present improved scalar multiplication algorithms that use the new expansion method. By our new expansion method, the number of divisor doublings in a scalar multiplication is reduced to a quarter, while the number of divisor additions is almost the same. Our experiments show that the overall throughputs of scalar multiplications are increased by 15.6 to 28.3 % over the previous algorithms when the algorithms are implemented over finite fields of odd characteristics.
Exact and Approximation Algorithms for DNA Tag Set Design by Dragoş

In this thesis we propose new solution methods for designing tag sets for use in universal DNA arrays. First, we establish upper bounds for an extended version of a previous formalization. Second, we give integer linear programming formulations for two previous formalizations of the tag set design problem, and show that these formulations can be solved to optimality for instance sizes of practical interest by using general purpose optimization packages. Third, we note the benefits of periodic tags, and establish an interesting connection between the tag design problem and the problem of packing the maximum number of vertex-disjoint directed cycles in a given graph. We show that combining a simple greedy cycle packing algorithm with a previously proposed alphabetic tree search strategy yields an increase of over 40% in the number of tags compared to previous methods. Most of the results presented in this thesis have already appeared in the following publications [31, 30]: 1. I.I. Mandoiu and D. Trinca. Exact and Approximation Algorithms for DNA Tag Set Design. In Proceedings of the 16th Annual Symposium on Combinatorial Pattern Matching (CPM 2005), June 19–22, 2005, Korea. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, volume 3537, pages 383–393, Springer-Verlag. Extended version accepted to Journal of Computational Biology, and also available as ACM Computing Research Repository report cs.DS/0503057. 2. I.I. Mandoiu, C. Prajescu, and D. Trinca. Improved Tag Set Design and Multiplexing Algorithms for Universal Arrays. In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2005)/ 2005 International Workshop on Bioinformatics Research and Applications (IWBRA), May 22–25, 2005, Atlanta, GA, USA. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, volume 3515, pages 994–1002, Springer-Verlag. Extended version appeared in LNCS Transactions on Computational Systems Biology, volume 3680, pages 124–137, 2005, Springer-Verlag; also available as ACM Computing Research Repository report cs.DS/0502054.
Neurological Functions of the Masterswitch Protein Kinase – Gsk-3

(reviewed by Freland and Beaulieu, 2012). This finding poured gas onto the GSK-3 fire in neuroscience research. Subsequent multiple studies have shown associations between dysregulation of GSK3-mediated signaling pathways and the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder (reviewed in Jope, 2011), Fragile X syndrome (reviewed in Mines and Jope, 2011), schizophrenia (reviewed in Emamian, 2012), brain tumors (reviewed in Mills et al., 2011), and stroke (reviewed in Chuang et al., 2011). Several independent studies have also shown the involvement of GSK-3 in the action of the monoamine neurotransmitters serotonin and dopamine that are central targets for antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs (reviewed in Beaulieu et al., 2011; Polter and Li, 2011) therefore suggesting that GSK-3 may constitute an important “missing link” between disease mechanisms and treatments for mental illnesses. In 2000, the first mouse knockout model of GSK-3 (beta) was reported (reviewed in Kaidanovich-Beilin and Woodgett, 2011), and provided the first of many tools for physiological analysis of GSK-3’s roles. Subsequent transgenic models of GSK-3 have allowed its role to be elucidated in the mechanism of monoamine neurotransmitter action (reviewed in Beaulieu et al., 2011; Polter and Li, 2011) and synaptic plasticity (reviewed in Bradley et al., 2012), neurodevelopment (reviewed in Kim and Snider, 2011; Cole, 2012), neuronal morphogenesis (reviewed in Kim et al., 2011), apoptosis, and neuronal survival (reviewed in Gomez-Sintes et al., 2011) as well as neuroinflammation (reviewed in Beurel, 2011). Hence a single pair of signaling molecules can be found at the center of multiple neuronal functions. Indeed, these roles positioned GSK-3 as a potential therapeutic target for both psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases and a series of pharmacological inhibitors with alternative modes of actions have been generated over last two decades (reviewed in Eldar-Finkelman and Martinez, 2011). We certainly hope that these molecules will prove useful and safe in the clinic as there are many unmet needs in both psychiatry and dementia-related medicine. That said, study of GSK-3 in the brain has uncovered many important facets of brain biology and there is clearly much more to be revealed.
Target Matching Recognition for Satellite Images Based on the Improved FREAK Algorithm

Satellite remote sensing image target matching recognition exhibits poor robustness and accuracy because of the unfit feature extractor and large data quantity. To address this problem, we propose a new feature extraction algorithm for fast target matching recognition that comprises an improved feature from accelerated segment test (FAST) feature detector and a binary fast retina key point (FREAK) feature descriptor. To improve robustness, we extend the FAST feature detector by applying scale space theory and then transform the feature vector acquired by the FREAK descriptor from decimal into binary. We reduce the quantity of data in the computer and improve matching accuracy by using the binary space. Simulation test results show that our algorithm outperforms other relevant methods in terms of robustness and accuracy.
Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering

Tracking of surgical instruments is an essential step towards themodernization of the surgical workflowby a comprehensive surgical landscape guidance system (COMPASS). Real-time tracking of a laparoscopic camera used in minimally-invasive surgery is required for applications in surgical workflow documentation, machine learning, image-localization, and intra-operative visualization. In our approach, an inertial measurement unit (IMU) assists the tool tracking in situations when no lineof-sight is available for infrared (IR) based tracking of the laparoscopic camera. The novelty of this approach lies in the localization method adjusted for the laparoscopic visceral surgery, particularly when the line-of-sight is lost. It is based on IMU tracking and the positioning of the trocar entry point. The trocar entry point is the remote center of motion (RCM), reducing degrees of freedom.We developed a method to tackle localization and a real-time tool for position and orientation estimation. The main error sources are given and evaluated in a test scenario. It reveals that for small changes in penetration length (e.g., pivoting), the IMU’s accuracy determines the error.