Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Economic and Entrepreneurial Education on Perception and Attitudes towards Entrepreneurship

The entrepreneurial behavior of individuals is a result of a complex assembly of factors, and education is one of them. The article is aiming to address the scientific gap in the relation between education and the intention and attitudes in entrepreneurship by focusing on the analysis of the economic and entrepreneurial background as a determinant factor. Besides that, the study looked for the factors that influence entrepreneurial intention and intended to find out if there are significant differences between economic and non-economic backgrounds and entrepreneurial intentions of individuals. A survey with 582 validated respondents was employed in the north-west and the west part of Romania to determine the entrepreneurial intention of the residents. For investigating the results, descriptive statistics were used to analyze the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents, and principal component analysis with varimax rotation was conducted to reduce the number of items used to analyze the entrepreneurial intention of the respondents. The study demonstrated the significance of entrepreneurial education for entrepreneurs and the entrepreneurial process: the higher variance is given by entrepreneurial intention (58.75%) for those with economic studies and by entrepreneurial capacity (58.39%) for those without economic studies. It concludes that entrepreneurial education policies should concentrate on the increase of opportunities for entrepreneurs and on creating a culture of entrepreneurship. Regression analysis revealed that entrepreneurial capacity, personal attraction, social valuation, and entrepreneurial education/economic background significantly predict entrepreneurial intention.
Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Effect of PdhR in Plesiomonas shigelloides

The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex regulator (PdhR) was originally identified as a repressor of the pdhR-aceEF-lpd operon, which encodes the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHc) and PdhR itself. According to previous reports, PdhR plays a regulatory role in the physiological and metabolic pathways of bacteria. At present, the function of PdhR in Plesiomonas shigelloides is still poorly understood. In this study, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) of the wild-type strain and the ΔpdhR mutant strains was performed for comparison to identify the PdhR-controlled pathways, revealing that PdhR regulates ~7.38% of the P. shigelloides transcriptome. We found that the deletion of pdhR resulted in the downregulation of practically all polar and lateral flagella genes in P. shigelloides; meanwhile, motility assay and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed that the ΔpdhR mutant was non-motile and lacked flagella. Moreover, the results of RNA-seq and quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) showed that PdhR positively regulated the expression of the T3SS cluster, and the ΔpdhR mutant significantly reduced the ability of P. shigelloides to infect Caco-2 cells compared with the WT. Consistent with previous research, pyruvate-sensing PdhR directly binds to its promoter and inhibits pdhR-aceEF-lpd operon expression. In addition, we identified two additional downstream genes, metR and nuoA, that are directly negatively regulated by PdhR. Furthermore, we also demonstrated that ArcA was identified as being located upstream of pdhR and lpdA and directly negatively regulating their expression. Overall, we revealed the function and regulatory pathway of PdhR, which will allow for a more in-depth investigation into P. shigelloides pathogenicity as well as the complex regulatory network.
Italy: Too little time and space for childhood

The Urban Child project launched studies in the Philippines, Brazil, India and Kenya. Italy constituted a special challenge because it introduced to the project a North-South dimension. Owing to the rapid industrialization and economic growth of the period 1950-1980, Italian children have certainly fared better. However, severe forms of disaffection and problems among Italian youth have also emerged.
A Game Model for Analyzing Wireless Sensor Networks of 5G Environment Based on Adaptive Equilibrium Optimizer Algorithm

Wireless sensors networks (WSNs) play an important role in life. With the development of 5G, its security issues have also raised concerns. Therefore, it is an important topic to study the offense and defense confrontation in WSNs. A complete information static game model is established to analyze the offense and defense confrontation problem of WSNs in 5G. An adaptive equilibrium optimizer algorithm (AEO) based on parameter adaptive strategy is proposed, which can jump out of the local optimal solution better. Experiments show that the optimization ability of AEO outperforms other algorithms on at least 80% of the 23 classical test functions of CEC. The convergence speed of AEO is better in the early stage of population iteration. The optimal offensive and defensive strategy under different offense and defense resources through simulation experiments is analyzed. The conclusion shows that when the offensive resources are large, the offender takes an indiscriminate attack. When the defense resources are small, the defender should defend the most important elements, and when the defense resources are large, the defender should allocate the same resources to defend each element to obtain the maximum benefit. This paper provides new solution ideas for the security problems under the offense and defense game in WSNs.
The 14th Annual Sports and Cultural Festival: An Evaluation of an Indigenous Sporting Event

Traditional indigenous tourism has become an area of interest for both governments and academics (Harrison, 1996; Briednehann and Wickens, 2004). Festivals and events are one way of showcasing indigenous culture and generating positive socio-economic benefits for indigenous communities and regional economies. One highly regarded and anticipated national sport festival on the Australian events calendar is Brisbane's Annual Sports and Cultural Festival. The festival is a unique indigenous 'culture controlled' (Butler and Hinch, 1996) event that has been developed and operated by an Indigenous Australian event management organisation. It has the potential to be expanded into one of the world's most prestigious and well-known indigenous events that could increase awareness of indigenous tourism and attract more tourists to Australia. The purpose of this paper is to report on an evaluation undertaken on behalf of the organisers of the 14th Annual Sports and Cultural Festival. The results of the evaluation revealed that the sports festival plays a central socio-cultural role in the Brisbane region and provides opportunity for community celebration, cultural rejuvenation, indigenous entrepreneurship, tourist activity and economic gains for the Brisbane region. Attendance at the festival has increased economic and social capital by providing the community with specific opportunities for accessing and developing community resources, improving social cohesiveness and providing a focus for celebration.
HRSC: High Resolution Stereo Camera

The High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) on Mars Express has delivered a wealth of image data, amounting to over 2.5 TB from the start of mapping the phase in January 2004 to September 2008. In that time, more than a third of Mars was covered at a resolution of 10-20 m/pixel in stereo and colour. After five years in orbit, HRSC is still in an excellent shape, and it could continue to operate for many more years. HRSC has proven its ability to close the gap between the low-resolution Viking image data and the high-resolution Mars Orbiter Camera images, leading to a global picture of the geologic evolution of Mars that is now much clearer than ever before. Derived highest-resolution terrain model data have closed major gaps and provided an unprecedented insight into the shape of the surface, which paramount not only for surface analysis and geological interpretation but also for combination with and analysis of data from other instruments, as well as in planning for future missions. This chapter presents the scientific output from data analysis and high-level data processing, complemented by a summary of how the experiment is conducted by the HRSC team members working in geoscience, atmospheric science, photogrammetry and spectrophotometry. Many of these contributions have been or will be published in peer-reviewed journals and special issues. They form a cross-section of the scientific output, either by summarising the new geoscientific picture of Mars provided by HRSC or by detailing some of the topics of data analysis concerning photogrammetry, cartography and spectral data analysis.
Morfología y anatomia de diásporas de especies de la familia Vochysiaceae y su relación con su diseminación

In order to analyze the dispersal mechanism of diaspores of the Vochysiaceae family, morphological and anatomical features were assessed and field observations and laboratory tests (flight and buoyancy) were conducted, in species of the four genera growing in Venezuela (Erisma, Qualea, Ruizterania and Vochysia). It was found that the diaspores more long, wide and heavy belong to Erisma and the small and light are from Qualea and Ruizterania. High wing loading values, time of buoyancy, rate of fall, anatomical characteristics and habitat occupied suggest that E. blancoa and Q. acuminata are disseminate by water, which it was corroborated in E. calcaratum, species with a diaspore without wing. The rest of the species have diaspores with similar wing loading values independent of morphology as well as anatomical characters as parenchymatic tissue and intercellular spaces that favoring dissemination by the wind. Three types of winged diaspore in Vochysiaceae were found closely linked to genera it belong, and in which the wind is the main way of dissemination: the first with morphology and anatomy of foliar origin (Erisma), the second of seminal origin with wing formed by more than one layer of cells (Qualea and Ruizterania) and the third of seminal origin with wing formed by the intermingling of hairs from the surface. Reduction to disappearance of wing was observed in both, the fruit (Erisma) and the seed (Qualea), which is related to dispersal by water, supported by anatomical features of diaspores and the presence of the species in riparian vegetation.
Okadaic Acid Is at Least as Toxic as Dinophysistoxin-1 after Repeated Administration to Mice by Gavage

Okadaic acid (OA) and its analogues cause diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) in humans, and risk assessments of these toxins require toxicity equivalency factors (TEFs), which represent the relative toxicities of analogues. However, no human death by DSP toxin has been reported, and its current TEF value is based on acute lethality. To properly reflect the symptoms of DSP, such as diarrhea without death, the chronic toxicity of DSP toxins at sublethal doses should be considered. In this study, we obtained acute oral LD50 values for OA and dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX-1) (1069 and 897 μg/kg, respectively) to set sublethal doses. Mice were treated with sublethal doses of OA and DTX-1 for 7 days. The mice lost body weight, and the disease activity index and intestinal crypt depths increased. Furthermore, these changes were more severe in OA-treated mice than in the DTX-1-treated mice. Strikingly, ascites was observed, and its severity was greater in mice treated with OA. Our findings suggest that OA is at least as toxic as DTX-1 after repeated oral administration at a low dose. This is the first study to compare repeated oral dosing of DSP toxins. Further sub-chronic and chronic studies are warranted to determine appropriate TEF values for DSP toxins.
Increased Prevalence of Autoimmune Gastritis in Patients with a Gastric Precancerous Lesion

Background: Autoimmune gastritis (AIG), characterized with the presence of anti-parietal-cell antibodies (APCA), is a risk factor for gastric cancer. However, AIG may go underdiagnosed, especially in the case of H. pylori infection and the presence of gastric precancerous lesions (GPL), due to the ambiguous pathology and delayed symptom onset. Aim: Investigate the prevalence and characteristics of AIG in GPL patients. Methods: Prevalence of AIG was determined with the presence of APCA in patients with GPL (n = 256) and the control group (n = 70). Pathological characteristics and levels of gastrin 17 (G17), pepsinogen (PG) I and II and anti-Helicobacter pylori IgG were assessed in GPL cases, and the severity of intestinal metaplasia and gastric atrophy was scored by expert pathologists. Results: APCA positivity was observed in 18% of cases vs. 7% of controls (p = 0.033). Only 3/256 patients were previously diagnosed with AIG. The presence of APCA was associated with corpus-limited and extended GPL. A receiver operating curve analysis demonstrated that the G17 and PGI/II ratio could identify APCA-positive patients within GPL cases (AUC: 0.884). Conclusions: The prevalence of AIG is higher in patients with GPL but goes undiagnosed. Using G17 and PG I/II as diagnostic markers can help to identify patients with AIG and improve surveillance programs for patients with GPL.
Shrubs in the cold : interactions between vegetation, permafrost and climate in Siberian tundra

The Arctic is experiencing strong increases in air temperature during the last decades. High-latitude tundra regions are very responsive to changes in temperature and may cause a shift in tundra vegetation composition towards greater dominance of deciduous shrubs. With increasing deciduous shrub cover, the surface albedo (proportion of sunlight that is reflected to the atmosphere) may be reduced and lead to air warming by trapping more solar radiation into the Arctic ecosystem. As a result of this warming, thawing of carbon-rich permafrost soils may increase and cause a large greenhouse gas flux to the atmosphere, thus contributing to global warming. In my thesis I studied how climate influences shrub growth in the Siberian tundra and how climate-induced changes in shrub cover affect summer permafrost thaw and surface albedo. I investigated these interactions between climate, permafrost and Arctic shrub growth using a combination of shrub ring width analysis, field experiments and remote sensing techniques. I measured and compared growth ring widths with meteorological station data and observed that shrub growth is stimulated by higher summer air temperatures. By performing a shrub removal experiment, I demonstrated that a temperature-induced increase in shrub cover may reduce summer permafrost thaw. Shading by the shrub canopy reduced the transfer of energy to the soil. A denser shrub cover thus effectively reduces summer permafrost thaw, despite leading at the same time to a lower surface albedo. These results indicate it is important to incorporate feedbacks between shrub growth, climate and permafrost thaw in model predictions on the Arctic climate and stability of permafrost in a future warmer world.
Association between PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 gene polymorphisms and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients in Kazakhstan

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing burden on a global scale and considered as the most common liver disease of the 21st century, affecting both adults and children. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in the field of liver diseases have made a significant contribution to the understanding of genetic background for NAFLD development. Targeted genes like PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 showed some relationship with the steatosis and hepatocellular carcinoma within NAFLD patients. In this study, we tried to analyze the frequency of PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 gene polymorphisms and their relationship to changes in instrumental and laboratory markers, the composition of the gut microbiome, the development and progression of NAFLD stage in Kazakhstan. Materials and methods: 39 individuals were involved in this study, including 18 men and 21 women: patients with a history of heavy alcohol consumption (>20 g/day) and other specific diseases such as hepatitis B and C virus infection, etc. were excluded. The diagnosis was established based on the results of clinical assessment and laboratory-instrumental results. The microbiome composition of the large intestine was studied by semiconductor sequencing of the bacterial genome using biochips. The degree of steatosis and liver fibrosis were evaluated by fibroscanning on fibroscan touch 502. Genotyping of PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 were carried out by PCR. Results: According to PNPLA3 genotyping: 21 patients (53.85%) were C/G, 7 (17.95%) were C/C and 11 (28.20%) were G/G. Within analyzed variables, GGT showed statistically significant difference among nucleotide variability with p-value of 0.012. Other parameters within metabolic panel also showed statistically significant difference between groups, namely, total cholesterol (p=0.036) and LDL (p=0.006). Genotyping of TM6SF2 includes 24 patients (61.54%) with C/C, 15 (38.46%) with C/T and 0 with T/T. The relationship between TM6SF2 liver function test results showed no statistically significant differences between groups. All other parameters including gut microbiome analysis are not statistically significant. Conclusions: In this study, C/G genotype possesses the highest risk and GGT along with LDL were the statistically significant parameter between them in PNPLA3 gene. TM6SF2 and gut microbiome analysis did not reveal any statistically significant differences. Additional studies with larger sample size are recommended to obtain for more detailed and sensitive results.
Understanding the Behavior of Sodium Polyacrylate in Suspensions of Silica and Monovalent Salts

This study investigated the interaction of monovalent cations with different sizes on quartz surfaces and the rheological impact that this causes in concentrated suspensions when subjected to the action of a rheological modifier, in this case, sodium polyacrylate (NaPA). Yield stress was determined using a rheometer with a vane-in-cup configuration to establish the relationship between shear stress and strain. Experiments were carried out in LiCl, NaCl, KCl, and CsCl solutions. The results show that the yield stress increases following the order Li < Na < K < Cs in the absence of PAA. However, the addition of NaPA significantly reduced the yield stress in all cases. This reduction was more noticeable in the LiCl and NaCl solutions than in the KCl and CsCl solutions, suggesting a more pronounced effect of PA in maker salts. We conducted molecular dynamics simulations to understand how PA interacts with dissolved salts on the quartz surface. Our results showed that Li had the highest adsorption, followed by Na, K, and Cs. As the salt concentration increased, so did the adsorption. We validated these simulation results with rheological experiments, which helped us understand the observed differences. The molecular interactions indicate that, in the lithium system, cationic bridges and the synergy between hydrogen bridges and hydrophobic bridges predominate mainly. This tendency decreases as the type of cation is changed due to the decrease in the electrical density of the cation in the following order: Li < Na < K < Cs. This reduces bridging with the quartz surface and, therefore, directly impacts the system’s rheological properties.
On the ability of large-scale hydrological models to simulate land use and land cover change impacts in Amazonian basins

ABSTRACT The MHD-INPE model was applied in the Ji-Parana Basin, a 30 000 km2 catchment located in the southwest of the Amazon Basin which has lost more than 50% of its forest since the 1980s, to simulate land use and land cover change impacts on runoff generation process and how they are related to basin topography. Simulation results agree with observational studies in the sense that fast response processes are significant in sub-basins with steep slopes while in basins with gentle topography, the impacts are most visible in slow-response hydrological processes. On the other hand, the model is not able to capture the dependence of LUCC impacts on spatial scales. These discrepancies are probably associated with limitations in the spatial representation of heterogeneities within the model, which become more relevant at larger scales. We also tested the hypothesis that secondary forest growth should be able to compensate the decrease in evapotranspiration due to forest–cropland or forest–grassland conversion at a regional scale. Results showed that despite the small fraction of secondary forest estimated on the basin, the higher evapotranspiration efficiency of this type of forest counterbalances a large fraction of the LUCC impacts on evapotranspiration. This result suggests that enhanced transpiration due to secondary forest could explain, at least in part, the lack of clear LUCC signals in discharge series at larger scales. EDITOR D. Koutsoyiannis; ASSOCIATE EDITOR T. Wagener
MASS TRANSPORT IN OCEAN CURRENTS AND LATERAL MIXING

1. Equations of Mass Transport, with Lateral Mixing Taken into Accounts The problems of mass transport by ocean currents are no less important than are those of the currents themselves. Recently Sverdrup (1947) and Reid (1948) discussed the inter-relation between mass transport, pressure distribution and vertical mixing; they were successful in showing that the pressure distribution in the Pacific Equatorial Currents is being fairly maintained by the winds. In the present paper it is of some interest to discuss a certain relationship between mass transport and lateral mixing in a rotating enclosed sea. It is natural to consider that lateral mixing in a current takes place mainly at right angles to the stream. Thus the frictional terms in the dynamic equations will be given by
Growth and Convergence in Southeast Asia Sugarcane Industries

This paper analyses growth and convergence on sugarcane industry in southeast Asia countries. Important questions in this paper are whether the growth of sugar cane industry in Southeast Asia moves toward a convergence or divergence trend over time and to what extent the economic integration influences the development and policy of those countries. This paper is a cross-country study and employs GLS techniques. Some countries involved in the analysis are Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, The Philippines, and Vietnam. The finding suggests that based on ƒO convergence approach, both basic variable and equation with dummy indicate that these variables could explain the convergence and speed of convergence within the industry. Furthermore, The regression results also strengthen the finding of £m - convergence.
Origens e determinantes dos desequilíbrios no Rio Grande do Sul: uma análise a partir da Teoria Institucional de Douglas North

The Rio Grande do Sul presented along the century XX a path of private capitalist development, in comparison with other States of the country. However, your internal logic of regional development felt with the amplification of economical inequalities, providing to the State the consolidation of two areas, an industrialized — North Half — and other not — South Half. It is believed that the evolution of the regional inequalities has roots historical, and above all institutional, could be better understood by Douglass North Theory Institucionalist.