Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Disorder-induced subgap states and Majorana zero-energy edge modes in two-dimensional topological insulator-superconductor hybrid structures

Contrary to the widespread belief that Majorana zero-energy modes, existing as bound edge states in 2D topological insulator (TI)-superconductor (SC) hybrid structures, are unaffected by non-magnetic static disorder by virtue of Anderson's theorem, we show that such a protection against disorder does not exist in realistic multi-channel TI/SC/ferromagnetic insulator (FI) sandwich structures of experimental relevance since the time-reversal symmetry is explicitly broken locally at the SC/FI interface where the end Majorana mode (MM) resides. We find that although the MM itself and the \emph{bulk} topological superconducting phase inside the TI are indeed universally protected against disorder, disorder-induced subgap states are generically introduced at the TI edge due to the presence of the FI/SC interface as long as multiple edge channels are occupied. We discuss the implications of the finding for the detection and manipulation of the edge MM in realistic TI/SC/FI experimental systems of current interest.
Searching for radio relics and halos. Their role in the formation and acceleration of extragalactic cosmic rays

Abstract We search for extended regions of radio emission not associated with Active Galactic Nuclei, known as ‘relics’, ‘halos’ and ‘mini halos’, in a sample of 70 Abell clusters for which we have radio, optical and X-ray data. AGN can produce particle bubbles of non-thermal emission, which can restrict cosmic rays. Hence, radio relics and (mini) halos could be forming as a result of the confinement of cosmic rays by these bubbles. We are probing the role that intracluster magnetic fields (using Faraday rotation measure and inverse compton arguments), mergers (through radio/X-ray interactions), cooling flows (X-ray data), radio jets/shocks, as well as radio (mini) halos/relics, play in the formation, acceleration, and propagation of cosmic rays. For the current study, we have selected two powerful nearby radio galaxies from our sample: Hercules A and 3C 388. We report on the work in progress and future plans.
Optical properties of coupled metal-semiconductor and metal-molecule nanocrystal complexes: Role of multipole effects

We theoretically investigate the effects of interaction between an optical dipole (semiconductor quantum dot or molecule) and metal nanoparticles. The calculated absorption spectra of hybrid structures demonstrate strong effects of interference coming from the exciton-plasmon coupling. In particular, the absorption spectra acquire characteristic asymmetric line shapes and strong antiresonances. We present here an exact solution of the problem beyond the dipole approximation and find that the multipole treatment of the interaction is crucial for the understanding of strongly interacting exciton-plasmon nanosystems. Interestingly, the visibility of the exciton resonance becomes greatly enhanced for small interparticle distances due to the interference phenomenon, multipole effects, and electromagnetic enhancement. We find that the destructive interference is particularly strong. Using our exact theory, we show that the interference effects can be experimentally observed in the exciting systems even at room temperature.
Ultrabroadband photon pair preparation by spontaneous four-wave mixing in a dispersion-engineered optical fiber

We present a study of the spectral properties of photon pairs generated through the process of spontaneous four wave mixing (SFWM) in single mode fiber. Our analysis assumes narrowband pumps, which are allowed to be frequency-degenerate or non-degenerate. Based on this analysis, we derive conditions on the pump frequencies and on the fiber dispersion parameters which guarantee the generation of ultra-broadband photon pairs. Such photon pairs are characterized by: i) a very large degree of entanglement, and ii) a very high degree of temporal synchronization between the signal and idler photons. Through a numerical exercise, we find that the use of photonic crystal fiber (PCF) facilitates the fulfilment of the conditions for ultra-broadband photon pair generation; in particular, the spectral region in which emission occurs can be adjusted to particular needs through an appropriate choice of the PCF parameters. In addition, we present a novel quantum interference effect, resulting from indistinguishable pathways to the same outcome, which can occur when pumping a SFWM source with multiple spectral lines.
Stellar activity and planetary atmosphere evolution in tight binary star systems

Context. In tight binary star systems, tidal interactions can significantly influence the rotational and orbital evolution of both stars, and therefore their activity evolution. This can have strong effects on the atmospheric evolution of planets that are orbiting the two stars. Aims. In this paper, we aim to study the evolution of stellar rotation and of X-ray and ultraviolet (XUV) radiation in tight binary systems consisting of two solar mass stars and use our results to study planetary atmosphere evolution in the habitable zones of these systems. Methods. We have applied a rotation model developed for single stars to binary systems, taking into account the effects of tidal interactions on the rotational and orbital evolution of both stars. We used empirical rotation-activity relations to predict XUV evolution tracks for the stars, which we used to model hydrodynamic escape of hydrogen dominated atmospheres. Results. When significant, tidal interactions increase the total amount of XUV energy emitted, and in the most extreme cases by up to factor of ~50. We find that in the systems that we study, habitable zone planets with masses of 1 M⊕ can lose huge hydrogen atmospheres due to the extended high levels of XUV emission, and the time that is needed to lose these atmospheres depends on the binary orbital separation. For some orbital separations, and when the stars are born as rapid rotators, it is also possible for tidal interactions to protect atmospheres from erosion by quickly spinning down the stars. For very small orbital separations, the loss of orbital angular momentum by stellar winds causes the two stars to merge. We suggest that the merging of the two stars could cause previously frozen planets to become habitable due to the habitable zone boundaries moving outwards.
Fractional Integrals and Derivatives: Theory and Applications

Fractional integrals and derivatives on an interval fractional integrals and derivatives on the real axis and half-axis further properties of fractional integrals and derivatives other forms of fractional integrals and derivatives fractional integrodifferentiation of functions of many variables applications to integral equations of the first kind with power and power-logarithmic kernels integral equations fo the first kind with special function kernels applications to differential equations.
Multi-wavelength de-blended Herschel view of the statistical properties of dusty star-forming galaxies across cosmic time

Aims. We study the statistical properties of dusty star-forming galaxies across cosmic time, such as their number counts, luminosity functions (LF), and the dust-obscured star formation rate density (SFRD). Methods. We used the most recent de-blended Herschel catalogue in the COSMOS field to measure the number counts and LFs at far-infrared (FIR) and sub-millimetre (sub-mm) wavelengths. The de-blended catalogue was generated by combining the Bayesian source extraction tool XID+ and an informative prior derived from the associated deep multi-wavelength photometric data. Results. Through our de-confusion technique and based on the deep multi-wavelength photometric information, we are able to achieve more accurate measurements while at the same time probing roughly ten times below the Herschel confusion limit. Our number counts at 250 μm agree well with previous Herschel studies. However, our counts at 350 and 500 μm are below previous Herschel results because previous Herschel studies suffered from source confusion and blending issues. Our number counts at 450 and 870 μm show excellent agreement with previous determinations derived from single-dish and interferometric observations. Our measurements of the LF at 250 μm and the total IR LF agree well with previous results in the overlapping redshift and luminosity range. The increased dynamic range of our measurements allows us to better measure the faint-end of the LF and measure the dust-obscured SFRD out to z ∼ 6. We find that the fraction of obscured star formation activity is at its highest (>80%) around z ∼ 1. We do not find a shift of balance between z ∼ 3 and z ∼ 4 in the SFRD from being dominated by unobscured star formation at higher redshift to obscured star formation at lower redshift. However, we do find 3 < z < 4 to be an interesting transition period as the portion of the total SFRD that is obscured by dust is significantly lower at higher redshifts.
ANALYSIS OF CO-SPATIAL UV-OPTICAL HST/STIS SPECTRA OF PLANETARY NEBULA NGC 3242

This project sought to consider two important aspects of the planetary nebula NGC 3242 using new long-slit HST/STIS spectra. First, we investigated whether this object is chemically homogeneous by spatially dividing the slit into different regions and calculating the abundances of each region. The major result is that the elements of He, C, O, and Ne are chemically homogeneous within uncertainties across the regions probed, implying that the stellar outflow was well-mixed. Second, we constrained the stellar properties using photoionization models computed by CLOUDY and tested the effects of three different density profiles on these parameters. The three profiles tested were a constant density profile, a Gaussian density profile, and a Gaussian with a power-law density profile. The temperature and luminosity were not affected significantly by the choice of density structure. The values for the stellar temperature and luminosity from our best-fit model are kK and log(L/L⊙) = , respectively. Comparing to evolutionary models on an HR diagram, this corresponds to an initial and final mass of and , respectively.
On variable length coding of asymptotically mean stationary measures

htmlabstractWe discuss variable length coding of doubly infinite sequences. The attention is paid to the problem how the coding affects probability measures defined for the sequences. Particularly studied is the class of asymptotically mean stationary (AMS) measures, which is closed under the investigated coding. We discuss explicit formulae for the stationary means and conditions for: preserving stationarity, equivalence of shift invariant $\sigma$-fields, preserving finite energy property, and equality of mutual information.
High energy gain in three-dimensional simulations of light sail acceleration

The dynamics of radiation pressure acceleration in the relativistic light sail regime are analysed by means of large scale, three-dimensional (3D) particle-in-cell simulations. Differently to other mechanisms, the 3D dynamics leads to faster and higher energy gain than in 1D or 2D geometry. This effect is caused by the local decrease of the target density due to transverse expansion leading to a “lighter sail. ” However, the rarefaction of the target leads to an earlier transition to transparency limiting the energy gain. A transverse instability leads to a structured and inhomogeneous ion distribution.
Classification of Design Variables Based on Constraint Conditions and Structural Optimal Design - Application to Structural Optimal Design of Midship Section

Abstract A structure optimization of midship section is under consideration in this paper. A double hull oil tanker is selected for optimization. Since there are many design variables describing the midship section, usually, design variables are divided into some groups concerning design and manufacturing. When the classification of design variables is not proper, there is a problem that the optimal solution cannot be obtained. Classification method of design variables proposed here is intended to overcome this drawback. Influence of design variables on constraint conditions is estimated based on principal component analysis and used for classifying design variables. The classification of design variables obtained by the proposed method is different from a conventional group. Selected problems show that the proposed method can produce a better solution than the conventional method.
Fitting B/C cosmic-ray data in the AMS-02 era

Context. AMS-02 on the International Space Station has been releasing data of unprecedented accuracy. This poses new challenges for their interpretation. Aims. We refine the methodology to get a statistically sound determination of the cosmic-ray propagation parameters. We inspect the numerical precision of the model calculation, nuclear cross-section uncertainties, and energy correlations in data systematic errors. Methods. We used the 1D diffusion model in USINE. Our χ2 analysis includes a covariance matrix of errors for AMS-02 systematics and nuisance parameters to account for cross-section uncertainties. Mock data were used to validate some of our choices. Results. We show that any mis-modelling of nuclear cross-section values or the energy correlation length of the covariance matrix of errors biases the analysis. It also makes good models (χmin2/d.o.f. ≈ 1) appear as excluded (χmin2/d.o.f. ≫ 1). We provide a framework to mitigate these effects (AMS-02 data are interpreted in a companion paper). Conclusion. New production cross-section data and the publication by the AMS-02 collaboration of a covariance matrix of errors for each data set would be an important step towards an unbiased view of cosmic-ray propagation in the Galaxy.
Cryptococcus neoformans Infection in the Central Nervous System: The Battle between Host and Pathogen

Cryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans) is a pathogenic fungus with a global distribution. Humans become infected by inhaling the fungus from the environment, and the fungus initially colonizes the lungs. If the immune system fails to contain C. neoformans in the lungs, the fungus can disseminate to the blood and invade the central nervous system, resulting in fatal meningoencephalitis particularly in immunocompromised individuals including HIV/AIDS patients. Following brain invasion, C. neoformans will encounter host defenses involving resident as well as recruited immune cells in the brain. To overcome host defenses, C. neoformans possesses multiple virulence factors capable of modulating immune responses. The outcome of the interactions between the host and C. neoformans will determine the disease progression. In this review, we describe the current understanding of how C. neoformans migrates to the brain across the blood–brain barrier, and how the host immune system responds to the invading organism in the brain. We will also discuss the virulence factors that C. neoformans uses to modulate host immune responses.
Closed string tachyon: inflation and cosmological collapse

Starting with a compactification of critical bosonic string theory on an internal space with constant curvature, we look for conditions upon which an assumed closed string tachyon potential drives an inflationary Universe to collapse as the tachyon reaches the minimum of the potential. We find that all these features are possible in a scenario in which the internal manifold is negatively curved with a constant volume. We restrict our study to the case in which the scale factor and the dilaton are not dynamically coupled. Near to the minima of the potential the dilaton slows down to a null or constant velocity while rolling towards strong values on a dynamical string metric. Finally, some comments are addressed about the existence of similar cosmological features in alternative tachyonic potentials. Communicated by P R L V Moniz
Disaster Mitigation in Coastal Areas: Perspective of the Indonesian Spatial Planning Law

This article is a critical analysis on spatial planning with regard to disaster mitigation in coastal areas. The author explores the concepts and regulations of disaster mitigation and spatial planning in Indonesian coastal areas to identify how spatial planning works in terms of disaster mitigation in coastal areas and the roles of stakeholders in disaster mitigation in coastal areas in the context of the spatial planning law. This normative legal research was conducted by examining secondary data from relevant books, journals, and published documents. This study finds out that, first, according to the Spatial Planning Law, Management of Coastal Zone and Small Islands Law, Disaster Management Law, Job Creation Law, and their derivative regulations, there have been regulations mandating spatial planning as a non-structural mitigative measure with regard to disaster management in coastal areas. Second, in terms of spatial planning and disaster mitigation, the government is the dominant stakeholder, while the role of non-government stakeholders is not expressly provided for which may eventually result in "tokenism" participation in disaster mitigation in coastal areas.
Ethical leadership practices among basic education school principals

The study aimed to identify the extent to which principals of basic education schools practise ethical leadership. The study used the descriptive analytical method. A questionnaire was applied to a sample of (270) male and female teachers. The study reached the following results: The degree of practising ethical leadership among the principals of cycle two schools was at a high level in the availability of ethical behaviour. Also, the degree of ethical behaviour practice and the degree of reinforcing ethical behaviour were medium. The study confirmed that the order of the ethical leadership dimensions were as follows: The availability of ethical behaviour ranked first followed by the dimension of reinforcing ethical behaviour in second place. The last dimension was ethical behaviour practice. The study also confirmed that there are no statistically significant differences in the degree to which principals practise the dimensions of ethical leadership according to the variables of gender and educational qualification. The study recommended the need to spread the ethical culture through programs and practical training courses in ethical leadership.
Interplay between excitation kinetics and reaction-center dynamics in purple bacteria

Photosynthesis is arguably the fundamental process of life, since it enables energy from the Sun to enter the food chain on the Earth. It is a remarkable non-equilibrium process in which photons are converted to many-body excitations, which traverse a complex biomolecular membrane, where they are captured and fuel chemical reactions within a reaction center (RC) in order to produce nutrients. The precise nature of these dynamical processes—which lie at the interface between quantum and classical behavior and involve both noise and coordination—is still being explored. Here, we focus on a striking recent empirical finding concerning an illumination-driven transition in the biomolecular membrane architecture of the purple bacteria Rsp. photometricum. Using stochastic realizations to describe a hopping rate model for excitation transfer, we show numerically and analytically that this surprising shift in preferred architectures can be traced to the interplay between the excitation kinetics and the RC dynamics. The net effect is that the bacteria profit from efficient metabolism at low illumination intensities while using dissipation to avoid an oversupply of energy at high illumination intensities.
Correlation between Braking Strategy and Regenerative Braking Energy of Electric Vehicle

This paper proposes a model predictive control (MPC) strategy for braking velocity optimization problem in distance domain of electric vehicle (EV). Firstly, the longitudinal dynamic model and energy consumption model are built, in which the energy loss including motor generation loss, driving resistance loss and mechanical braking loss are discussed in detail. Then based on model predictive control, the braking control strategy is transforming into the optimization problem for driving economy, safety and speed tracking under multiple constraints, such as motor speed, torque and battery power generation for different state of charge (SOC). The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is introduced to deal with the nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) problem. Finally, numerical simulations show that the braking strategy proposed can improve the recovery energy rate by 4.82% under normal battery SOC and 9.9% under high battery SOC, which limits the power generation of motor.
A Review on Cooperative Control Problems of Multi-agent Systems

Recently, the cooperative control of multi-agent systems has rapidly developed at an amazing rate and has attracted striking attention from system and control community due to its potential applications. By reviewing previous research, we summarize that the cooperative control problems of multi-agent systems include consensus, connectivity preservation, formation, containment control, flocking, coverage control and so on. Firstly, we mainly state the definitions of different cooperative control problems. Secondly, the applications of diverse problems are presented. Thirdly, we employ the figure to manifest the relationship among the distinct cooperative control problems.
Pareto optimality of stochastic delay systems in finite horizon

In this paper, we present necessary as well as sufficient conditions for Pareto optimality of delayed stochastic cooperative differential game in finite horizon. The problem is transformed into a set of constrained delayed stochastic optimal control problems. Based on the maximum principle for stochastic delay optimal control problem with state constraints, we obtain the necessary condition for the existence of the Pareto efficient strategy, and then a sufficient verification theorem is given under certain convex assumptions. To explain the theoretical results, we apply them to an indefinite linear quadratic (LQ) problem. By introducing the relaxed compensators, all Pareto efficient strategies can be obtained by the weighted sum optimality method.
Basic Testing of the duchamp Source Finder

Abstract This paper presents and discusses the results of basic source finding tests in three dimensions (using spectroscopic data cubes) with duchamp, the standard source finder for the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder. For this purpose, we generated different sets of unresolved and extended Hi model sources. These models were then fed into duchamp, using a range of different parameters and methods provided by the software. The main aim of the tests was to study the performance of duchamp on sources with different parameters and morphologies and assess the accuracy of duchamp's source parametrisation. Overall, we find duchamp to be a powerful source finder capable of reliably detecting sources down to low signal-to-noise ratios and accurately measuring their position and velocity. In the presence of noise in the data, duchamp's measurements of basic source parameters, such as spectral line width and integrated flux, are affected by systematic errors. These errors are a consequence of the effect of noise on the specific algorithms used by duchamp for measuring source parameters in combination with the fact that the software only takes into account pixels above a given flux threshold and hence misses part of the flux. In scientific applications of duchamp these systematic errors would have to be corrected for. Alternatively, duchamp could be used as a source finder only, and source parametrisation could be done in a second step using more sophisticated parametrisation algorithms.