Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Patient Feedback on a Mobile Medication Adherence App for Buprenorphine and Naloxone: Closed and Open-Ended Survey on Feasibility and Acceptability

Background Opioid use disorders impact the health and well-being of millions of Americans. Buprenorphine and naloxone (BUP and NAL) can reduce opioid overdose deaths, decrease misuse, and improve quality of life. Unfortunately, poor medication adherence is a primary barrier to the long-term efficacy of BUP and NAL. Objective We aimed to examine patient feedback on current and potential features of a Bluetooth-enabled pill bottle cap and associated mobile app for patients prescribed BUP and NAL for an opioid use disorder, and to solicit recommendations for improvement to effectively and appropriately tailor the technology for people in treatment for opioid use disorder. Methods A convenience sample of patients at an opioid use disorder outpatient clinic were asked about medication adherence, opioid cravings, experience with technology, motivation for treatment, and their existent support system through a brief e-survey. Patients also provided detailed feedback on current features and features being considered for inclusion in a technology designed to increase medication adherence (eg, inclusion of a personal motivational factor, craving and stress tracking, incentives, and web-based coaching). Participants were asked to provide suggestions for improvement and considerations specifically applicable to people in treatment for opioid use disorder with BUP and NAL. Results Twenty people with an opioid use disorder who were prescribed BUP and NAL participated (mean age 34, SD 8.67 years; 65% female; 80% White). Participants selected the most useful, second-most useful, and least useful features presented; 42.1% of them indicated that motivational reminders would be most useful, followed by craving and stress tracking (26.3%) and web-based support forums (21.1%). Every participant indicated that they had at least 1 strong motivating factor for staying in treatment, and half (n=10) indicated children as that factor. All participants indicated that they had, at some point in their lives, the most extreme craving a person could have; however, 42.1% indicated that they had no cravings in the last month. Most respondents (73.7%) stated that tracking cravings would be helpful. Most respondents (84.2%) also indicated that they believed reinforcers or prizes would help them achieve their treatment goals. Additionally, 94.7% of respondents approved of adherence tracking to accommodate this feature using smart packaging, and 78.9% of them approved of selfie videos of them taking their medication. Conclusions Engaging patients taking treatment for opioid use disorder with BUP and NAL allowed us to identify preferences and considerations that are unique to this treatment area. As the technology developer of the pill cap and associated mobile app is able to take into consideration or integrate these preferences and suggestions, the smart cap and associated mobile app will become tailored to this population and more useful for them, which may encourage patient use of the smart cap and associated mobile app.
Rational Discourse on Virology and Pandemics

A group of 156 virologists, including American Society of Microbiology journal editors-in-chief, has recently published across three ASM journals a “call for rational discourse” on such important topics as the origin of SARS-CoV-2 and gain of function research (e.g., F. Goodrum et al., mBio 14:e0018823, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.00188-23). ABSTRACT A group of 156 virologists, including American Society of Microbiology journal editors-in-chief, has recently published across three ASM journals a “call for rational discourse” on such important topics as the origin of SARS-CoV-2 and gain of function research (e.g., F. Goodrum et al., mBio 14:e0018823, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.00188-23). Here, I answer the call, arguing that the origin of SARS-CoV-2 is unknown; that continued premature downplaying of a possible laboratory origin, now accompanied by a denial that this was ever so dismissed, undermines public trust in science; and that the benefits from risky gain-of-function research-of-concern are fewer than Goodrum et al. imply.
Species Delimitation, Phylogenomics, and Biogeography of Sulawesi Flying Lizards: A Diversification History Complicated by Ancient Hybridization, Cryptic Species, and Arrested Speciation

Abstract The biota of Sulawesi is noted for its high degree of endemism and for its substantial levels of in situ biological diversification. While the island’s long period of isolation and dynamic tectonic history have been implicated as drivers of the regional diversification, this has rarely been tested in the context of an explicit geological framework. Here, we provide a tectonically informed biogeographical framework that we use to explore the diversification history of Sulawesi flying lizards (the Draco lineatus Group), a radiation that is endemic to Sulawesi and its surrounding islands. We employ a framework for inferring cryptic speciation that involves phylogeographic and genetic clustering analyses as a means of identifying potential species followed by population demographic assessment of divergence-timing and rates of bi-directional migration as means of confirming lineage independence (and thus species status). Using this approach, phylogenetic and population genetic analyses of mitochondrial sequence data obtained for 613 samples, a 50-SNP data set for 370 samples, and a 1249-locus exon-capture data set for 106 samples indicate that the current taxonomy substantially understates the true number of Sulawesi Draco species, that both cryptic and arrested speciations have taken place, and that ancient hybridization confounds phylogenetic analyses that do not explicitly account for reticulation. The Draco lineatus Group appears to comprise 15 species—9 on Sulawesi proper and 6 on peripheral islands. The common ancestor of this group colonized Sulawesi ~11 Ma when proto-Sulawesi was likely composed of two ancestral islands, and began to radiate ~6 Ma as new islands formed and were colonized via overwater dispersal. The enlargement and amalgamation of many of these proto-islands into modern Sulawesi, especially during the past 3 Ma, set in motion dynamic species interactions as once-isolated lineages came into secondary contact, some of which resulted in lineage merger, and others surviving to the present. [Genomics; Indonesia; introgression; mitochondria; phylogenetics; phylogeography; population genetics; reptiles. ]
Childhood obesity and hypertension in pregnancy: a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis

Background: The causal relationship between childhood obesity and hypertension in pregnancy remains unclear. To examine the causal association between childhood obesity and hypertension in pregnancy, two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis was applied. Methods: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with childhood obesity were obtained from a published genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 13 848 European individuals. Summary-level data for hypertension in pregnancy were obtained from the FinnGen consortium (11534 cases and 162212 controls). Inverse-variance weighted analysis, weighted-median analysis, and Mendelian randomization-Egger regression were conducted in this Mendelian randomization analysis. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to confirm the accuracy and robustness of our results. Results: Genetically determined childhood obesity significantly affects hypertension in pregnancy by IVW [odds ratio (OR) = 1.161, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.086–1.039; P = 9.92 × 10−6] and weighted median (OR = 1.123, 95% CI 1.038–1.214; P = 0.004). These results were validated by multiple sensitivity analyses. Conclusion: A causal effect between genetically predicted childhood obesity and the risk of hypertension in pregnancy was identified. The prevention of hypertension in pregnancy should be promoted in populations with childhood obesity.
Lower bound frontiers in arithmetical circuit complexity

We expand the lower bound frontier in arithmetical circuit complexity for several recently considered restricted computational models. The main results are the following. First, Shpilka and Wigderson's partial derivative method for sigma-pi-sigma formulas is refined to include additive complexity in the lower bound. Consequently, we strengthen some lower bounds on total sigma-pi-sigma formula size. A supplementary method is derived, that is shown to yield quadratic lower bounds for polynomials for which the partial derivatives method fails. Second, we continue the recent study of bilinear circuits with bounded coefficients. Generic lower bounds are proved for bilinear maps that are in the orbit of the circular convolution mapping. This leads to a study of universal-existential quantified predicates about minors of the discrete Fourier matrix. We prove a quantative lower bound on the expected value of the determinant of certain random Vandermonde matrices with nodes on the unit circle in the complex plane. This result is used to establish circuit lower bounds. Finally, bounded depth circuits are investigated. We prove a nonlinear lower bound for circular convolution in case the input length is prime. The proof uses a superconcentrator lemma by Raz and Shpilka and the discrete uncertainty principle for cyclic groups of prime order by Tao.
Barriers and facilitators to cord blood banking among pregnant women at a university obstetric clinic

Cord blood (CB) is a cell source for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In 2019, the percentage of births with CB collected for banking was only 3% nationally and 0.05% in our state. To increase CB donations, we need to understand pregnant women's awareness and knowledge of, plus barriers and facilitators to, CB banking (CBB).
Association of IL-17 serum levels with clinical findings and systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index

Abstract The current study aims to investigate the relationship betweSen serum IL-17 (IL-17) levels and systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLE-DAEI) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. In this case-control study, 36 patients with SLE and 40 healthy individuals matched for age and sex were included as the control group. The study measured serum IL-17 in both groups. The correlation between serum IL-17 with disease activity (as per SLE-DAI) and organ involvement in SLE patients. The case group in this study consisted of 4 males and 32 females with a mean age of 35 (17–54) years old, and the control group included six males and 34 females with a mean age of 37 (25–53) years old (p = .35). Serum IL-17 was higher in the cases than in the controls (536 pg/mL vs. 110 pg/mL; p < .001). There was a positive correlation between the serum levels of IL-17 and disease activity index (p < .001, rho = 0.93) among cases. Additionally, the serum levels of IL-17 were higher in patients with renal (p = .003) or central nervous system involvement (p < .001) than in patients without such involvement. Serum Il-17 is associated with SLE, and its serum levels correlate positively with the disease activity and renal and nervous system involvement.
Influence of Companion Planting on Microbial Compositions and Their Symbiotic Network in Pepper Continuous Cropping Soil

Continuous cropping obstacles have become a serious factor restricting sustainable development in modern agriculture, while companion planting is one of the most common and effective methods for solving this problem. Here, we monitored the effects of companion planting on soil fertility and the microbial community distribution pattern in pepper monoculture and companion plantings. Soil microbial communities were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing technology. Companion plants included garlic (T1), oat (T2), cabbage (T3), celery (T4), and white clover (T5). The results showed that compared with the monoculture system, companion planting significantly increased the activities of soil urease (except for T5) and sucrase, but decreased catalase activity. In addition, T2 significantly improved microbial diversity (Shannon index) while T1 resulted in a decrease of bacterial OTUs and an increase of fungal OTUs. Companion planting also significantly changed soil microbial community structures and compositions. Correlation analysis showed that soil enzyme activities were closely correlated with bacterial and fungal community structures. Moreover, the companion system weakened the complexity of microbial networks. These findings indicated that companion plants can provide nutrition to microbes and weaken the competition among them, which offers a theoretical basis and data for further research into methods for reducing continuous cropping obstacles in agriculture.
Fuzzy Closure Matroids

In 1988, Geotschel and Voxman [1] introduced and explored the concept of fuzzy matroids via the notion of fuzzy independent sets. In 2013, Al-Hawary [2] introduced fuzzy matroids via the notion of fuzzy flats. In this paper, we introduce the notion of fuzzy closure matroids, a new class of fuzzy matroids. We study properties of this class and classify it. In addition, the class of fuzzy modular matroids is defined and characterized.
2010 Winter Meeting of the Association for Symbolic Logic

s of invited papers ROY T. COOK, The problem(s) with pluralism. Department of Philosophy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55406, USA. E-mail: cookx432@umn.edu. c © 2010, Association for Symbolic Logic 1079-8986/10/1603-0007/$1.70
Improvement in drug prescription skills in medical students through in-person and remote simulated interviews

Introduction: Development of drug prescription skills poses critical challenges in medical education. This study determined the effects of simulated interviews on the improvement of drug prescription skills among medical students in 2020. Methodology: This was a quantitative, cross-sectional, analytical, quasi-experimental study of simulated interviews for improving rational drug prescription skills in medical students. Baseline, pre-, and post-intervention assessments of prescription skills were performed using an expert-validated instrument constructed from the WHO Good Prescribing Guide. Three simulated interviews with different simulated patients were conducted in two groups: in-person in the first batch and remotely in the second batch due to mandatory social distancing during the Covid-19 pandemics. Friedman, Dunn-Bonferroni, and Wilcoxon tests were used, considering a significance of level p<. 05 and standardized mean difference (Hedges g); data were analyzed using Excel 2016 and SPSS 28. Results: Fifty-four students completed the required assessments; in-person 28 and remotely 26. The total score for pharmacological prescription skills increased significantly from pre- to post-intervention measurements, from 12.72 +/- 2.94 to 15.44 +/- 2.50, respectively (p<.0001) (g: 0.996), and the increase from baseline to post-intervention scores for drug prescription knowledge was 5.39 +/- 3.67, 11.28 +/- 3.50, respectively (p <.01). Discussion: Our results suggest that the implementation of pre-briefing and debriefing strategies in remote and in-person clinical interviews with simulated patients significantly improved drug prescription skills and pharmacological knowledge among medical students. The logical sequence of the WHO Guide for Good Prescribing may have facilitated debriefing, knowledge acquisition, and transfer to various clinical contexts.
Precision Diagnostics: Using Islet Autoantibodies to Characterize Heterogeneity in Type 1 Diabetes

Background Heterogeneity exists in type 1 diabetes (T1D) development and presentation. Islet autoantibodies form the foundation for T1D diagnostic and staging efforts. We hypothesized that autoantibodies can be used to identify heterogeneity in T1D before, at, and after diagnosis, and in response to disease modifying therapies. at clinically relevant timepoints throughout T1D progression. Methods We performed a systematic review assessing 10 years of original research studies examining relationships between autoantibodies and heterogeneity during disease progression, at the time of diagnosis, after diagnosis, and in response to disease modifying therapies in individuals at risk for T1D or within 1 year of T1D diagnosis. Results 10,067 papers were screened. Out of 151 that met data extraction criteria, 90 studies characterized heterogeneity before clinical diagnosis. Autoantibody type/target was most commonly examined, followed by autoantibody number, titer, order of seroconversion, affinity, and novel islet autoantibodies/epitopes. Recurring themes included positive relationships of autoantibody number and specific types and titers with disease progression, differing clinical phenotypes based on the order of autoantibody seroconversion, and interactions with age and genetics. Overall, reporting of autoantibody assay performance was commonly included; however, only 43% (65/151) included information about autoantibody assay standardization efforts. Populations studied were almost exclusively of European ancestry. Conclusions Current evidence most strongly supports the application of autoantibody features to more precisely define T1D before clinical diagnosis. Our findings support continued use of pre-clinical staging paradigms based on autoantibody number and suggest that additional autoantibody features, particularly when considered in relation to age and genetic risk, could offer more precise stratification. Increased participation in autoantibody standardization efforts is a critical step to improving future applicability of autoantibody-based precision medicine in T1D.
Interference between Venus-A Valve and Anterior Mitral Valve Leaflets after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: Insight from FEops HEARTguide simulation

Background Scarce data exist regarding the occurrence of mitral valve interference after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) with Venus-A valve implantation. Several case reports have noted that the anterior mitral leaflet (AML) is mechanically affected by the prosthesis frame, particularly when implanted in a low position. This study aimed to investigate the potential factors influencing the clinical outcomes of AML interference after Venus-A valve implantation. Methods We retrospectively included 20 severe aortic valve stenosis patients who had undergone TAVR and had been implanted with the Venus-A valve at our hospital between October 2020 and June 2021. Pre- and post-procedural CT scans were used for the FEops HEARTguide simulation. Anatomically influencing factors were measured using the 3mensio software and derived from the FEops HEARTguide. The prosthesis-AML interference (PAI) was defined when it met both of two criteria:1) significant interference and limited AML movement shown by transthoracic or transoesophageal echocardiography, and 2) more than half cell intersection between the simulated Venus-A valve and the reconstructed AML revealed by the FEops HEARTguide. Anatomical factors and clinical outcomes were compared between the PAI and non-PAI groups. Results Nine PAI patients and 11 non-PAI cases were identified. PAI was associated with shorter mitral-aortic annulus distance (2.7{plus minus}1.7 mm vs 5.0{plus minus}2.2 mm, P = 0.019), larger prosthesis valve size (P = 0.013), deeper implantation (12.2{plus minus}3.3 mm vs 6.2{plus minus}2.9 mm at non-coronary cusp side, P < 0.001) and less calcification of non-coronary cusp (median calcification score, 52.2 mm3 vs 156.0 mm3, P = 0.046). Regarding the clinical impact, PAI was associated with a higher rate of moderate or severe perivalvular leakage before discharge than those associated with the absence of PAI, with no difference in haemodynamic parameters and incidence of adverse events at the 30-day and 12-month follow-ups between the groups. Conclusions Interference between the Venus-A prosthesis valve and AML after TAVR was associated with a shorter mitral-aortic annulus distance, larger prosthesis usage, greater implantation depth, and less calcification of the non-coronary cusp. However, further studies are required to explore its long-term clinical impact.
Development of optimized weighted‐ENO schemes for multiscale compressible flows

The present paper deals with the development of optimized weighted–ENO schemes to improve the resolution of a class of compressible flows characterized by a wide disparity of scales, typical of compressible turbulence and/or aeroacoustic phenomena, and shock waves. The approach relies on a least square minimization of both the dispersion and dissipation error components together with the use of symmetric stencil support. Extensive numerical simulations of sound propagation, shock–sound interaction and isotropic compressible turbulence have been carried out, and the results confirm that the optimized schemes yield a resolution in wave number space greater than the non‐optimized ones. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of finite-integral technique to electromagnetic scattering by two-dimensional cavity-backed aperture in a ground plane

We analyze the electromagnetic scattering by a cavity-backed two-dimensional (2-D) aperture in a ground plane illuminated by either a TE or TM plane wave. The analysis is based on the well-known generalized network formulation. To obtain the admittance matrix of the cavity, the cavity is modeled by triangular cylinders. Also, in order to specify inhomogeneous materials, a separate /spl epsiv/ and /spl mu/ may be assigned to each cylinder. Further, the cavity is analyzed by applying the finite-integral technique (FIT), which results in a spurious-free solution. Finally, numerical examples are presented to illustrate the applicability of the method.
Faithful AI in Medicine: A Systematic Review with Large Language Models and Beyond

Artificial intelligence (AI) holds great promise in healthcare and medicine on being able to help with many aspects, from biological scientific discovery, to clinical patient care, to public health policy making. However, the potential risk of AI methods for generating factually incorrect or unfaithful information is a big concern, which could result in serious consequences. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the faithfulness problem in existing research on AI in healthcare and medicine, including analysis of the cause of unfaithful results, evaluation metrics, and mitigation methods. We will systematically review the recent progress in optimizing the factuality in various generative medical AI methods, including knowledge grounded large language models, text-to-text generation tasks such as medical text summarization, medical text simplification, multimodality-to-text generation tasks such as radiology report generation, and automatic medical fact-checking. The challenges and limitations of ensuring the faithfulness of AI-generated information in these applications, as well as forthcoming opportunities will be discussed. We expect this review to help researchers and practitioners understand the faithfulness problem in AI-generated information in healthcare and medicine, as well as the recent progress and challenges on related research. Our review can also serve as a guide for researchers and practitioners who are interested in applying AI in medicine and healthcare.