Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Novel approach to partial discharge signals modeling in dielectric insulation void using extension of lumped capacitance model

Using a lumped capacitance circuit model simulated under the Electromagnetic Transient for DC (EMTDC) program, waveforms of the Whitehead equivalent void model are generated and analyzed. Type of discharge varies within a void and is not readily known due to the uncertainty in the parameters. This paper attempts a model to segregate types of partial discharge (PD) within dielectric insulation on the signal waveform level. The EMTDC program provided a platform to trace the transient stressing of various parts within a void. The uncertain mechanism of discharge signal manifestation, localized at insulation imperfection area, of polymeric insulation is represented by capacitors with variable breakdown conditions. Voids with known sizes are modeled and simulations are carried out to see the transient behavior of breakdown. The modified model helps to visualize the kind of PD activity that goes on within the dielectric occluded void.
The tradeoff between peripheral and area array bonding of components in multichip modules

This paper examines the tradeoff between peripheral I/O format die (for wirebonding, tape automated bonding (TAB), or peripheral flip chip bonding) and area array I/O format die (for flip chip bonding), as a function of partitioning a fixed functionality into a variable number of die. The comparison in this study has been made in the context of a multichip module (MCM). The analysis approach used concurrently considers module size, thermal and electrical performance, and cost (including module-level test and rework) to assess the overall applicability of one bonding format over the other. >
Utilty of a Tactile Display for Cueing Faults

Tactile displays have been proposed as a multisensory interface technology that can relieve the typically overburdened visual channel of operators. This study compared the ability of operators, while simultaneously completing a tracking task, to detect and identify system faults in a monitoring task with three types of alert cues: tactile, visual, and redundant tactile and visual. For the tactile display, the location and vibration pulse speed of two tactors were mapped to four system faults. Response time was significantly faster with the tactile cue. Also, the tactile cue resulted in less interference with the concurrent tracking task, while not degrading vigilance to an additional concurrent visual monitoring task. These results suggest that further tactile cue research is warranted to examine potential applications in complex systems, such as control stations for unmanned aerial vehicles.
Modulation Controller Design for the 1400 MW New Zealand Inter Island HVDC Link

Abstract The existing HVDC scheme connecting the North Island and the South Island of New Zealand is currently being upgraded. During this upgrade also known as the New Zealand Inter Island HVDC Pole 3 Project, the existing HVDC Pole 1 based on mercury arc valves is replaced by a new HVDC Pole 3 based on light triggered thyristor vales. Both poles, the existing Pole 2 and the new Pole 3 are then operated as a non balanced bipolar HVDC scheme. In this study, a power system stability analysis of the HVDC Pole 2 and Pole 3 connecting the North Island and the South Island is performed. Focus is hereby on the design of special power modulation controller to enhance the dynamic performance of the entire interconnected power system, especially during and shortly after faults and severe contingencies. The proposed modulation control functions are designed for frequency and transient AC voltage support.
Pro–Con Debate: Viscoelastic Hemostatic Assays Should Replace Fixed Ratio Massive Transfusion Protocols in Trauma

Major trauma patients at risk of traumatic coagulopathy are commonly treated with early clotting factor replacement to maintain hemostasis and prevent microvascular bleeding. In the United States, trauma transfusions are often dosed by empiric, low-ratio massive transfusion protocols, which pair plasma and platelets in some ratio relative to the red cells, such as the “1:1:1” combination of 1 units of red cells, 1 unit of plasma, and 1 donor’s worth of pooled platelets. Empiric transfusion increases the rate of overtransfusion when unnecessary blood products are administered based on a formula and not on at patient’s hemostatic profile. Viscoelastic hemostatic assays (VHAs) are point-of-care hemostatic assays that provided detailed information about abnormal clotting pathways. VHAs are used at many centers to better target hemostatic therapies in trauma. This Pro/Con section will address whether VHA guidance should replace empiric fixed ratio protocols in major trauma.
AVERSION OF PIGS AND DOMESTIC FOWL TO ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA

Housed pigs and domestic fowl are exposed chronically to atmospheric ammonia at concentrations that may exceed 30 ppm in buildings with poor environmental control. While the effects of ammonia on animal performance and health are reasonably well understood, the effects on behavior are not. In a series of experiments, we therefore studied the aversion of weaner pigs, broiler chickens, and adult laying hens to atmospheric ammonia in a choice test. Typically, individual or small groups of animals were kept in a multi-compartment exposure chamber for one or two weeks. The physical environment in all eight compartments of the chamber was identical in all respects but one: the concentration of atmospheric ammonia was set at approximately 0, 10, 20, or 40 ppm. Observations of the animals' location and behavior were used to indicate their aversion to ammonia. Both pigs and domestic fowl (of both strains) significantly preferred fresh air (approximately 0 ppm) to an ammoniated atmosphere. Visit duration and frequency declined with increasing ammonia concentrations, although interestingly, both species showed a delayed avoidance of ammonia, perhaps indicative of a sense of malaise, which was only manifested after about 30 to 60 min. When given a forced choice between thermal comfort and access to fresh air, cold-stressed pigs chose the former over the latter. Overall, pigs and fowl did not always make short-term choices that were necessarily in their long-term interests. Further work is in hand to study the strength of this aversion in fowl. Current recommendations for air quality in pig and poultry houses should be revised to take account of the animal's strong preference for fresh air; our findings indicate limited tolerance of ammonia at concentrations typical of current housing systems.
Brain Machine Interfaces: Technology Status, Applications and the Way to the Future

Brain Machine Interfaces (BMIs) enable direct communication between the brain or nervous system and a machine without involving the sensory-motor system. BMIs are an embryonic technology and remarkable accomplishments have recently been reported. BMIs have a high potential and possibly an enormous impact on society, and may evoke a revolution in the way we interact with computers. If we look at the Human Factors and Ergonomics community's position in the BMI field, we do not have a meaningful track record yet. However, the thesis of this paper is that we as a community are in a good position to (1) facilitate a broadening of the focus of BMIs from therapeutic applications to general use and (2) to realise a spin-in of BMI technology to domains such as Human Computer Interaction, supporting people with special needs, and training and simulation.
Research on the Split Electric Variable Transmission for Hybrid Electric Vehicle

This paper introduced an advanced electric variable transmission used in hybrid electric vehicle, and analyzed the operating mode in hybrid electric vehicle. For the strong flux coupling of EVT, a kind of split electric variable transmission used in hybrid electric vehicle was expatiated, and the parameters of split electric variable transmission were designed. The simulation model of HEV using the split electric variable transmission was completed using Matlab/Simulink, and the experiment test bench was built. The simulation and experiment results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method, and it can be taken as a new theory and method for the study of hybrid electric vehicle.
Colorectal malignant polyps: a modern approach

Colorectal malignant polyps (MP) are polyps with invasive cancer into the submucosa harboring a variable risk of lymph node involvement, which can be estimated through evaluation of morphological, endoscopic, and histologic features. The recent advances in imaging endoscopic techniques have led to the possibility of performing an optical diagnosis of T1 colorectal cancer, allowing the selection of the best therapeutic modality to optimize outcomes for the patient. When MP are diagnosed after endoscopic removal, their management can be challenging. Differentiating low- and high-risk histologic features that influence the possibility of residual tumor, the risk of recurrence and the risk of lymph node metastasis, is crucial to further optimize treatment and surveillance plans. While the presence of high-risk features indicates a need for surgery in the majority of cases, location, comorbidities and the patient’s preference should be taken in account when making the final decision. This is a particularly important issue in the management of low rectal MP presenting with high-risk features, where chemoradiotherapy followed by a watch-and-wait strategy has demonstrated promising results. In this review we discuss the important prognostic features of MP and the most modern approaches regarding their management.
A Novel Thermal Characterization of Switched Reluctance Motors Involving Computational Fluid Dynamics

This article reports a detailed finite element analysis for thermal characterization of switched reluctance motors (SRM). Prediction of steady-state and transient thermal characteristics of SRM is presented. The convection coefficient at different heat dissipating walls inside SRM, which is not a material property, but a quantity that solely depends on the air velocity at the respective walls, is the major parameter to be evaluated carefully for an accurate simulation of heat distribution. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) procedure is implemented for the first time on SRM for this purpose. The basic equations, various steps to be followed during three dimensional finite element thermal analysis, and the results of simulations are presented.
Automated hotspot analysis with aerial image CD metrology for advanced logic devices

Continuously shrinking designs by further extension of 193nm technology lead to a much higher probability of hotspots especially for the manufacturing of advanced logic devices. The CD of these potential hotspots needs to be precisely controlled and measured on the mask. On top of that, the feature complexity increases due to high OPC load in the logic mask design which is an additional challenge for CD metrology. Therefore the hotspot measurements have been performed on WLCD from ZEISS, which provides the benefit of reduced complexity by measuring the CD in the aerial image and qualifying the printing relevant CD. This is especially of advantage for complex 2D feature measurements. Additionally, the data preparation for CD measurement becomes more critical due to the larger amount of CD measurements and the increasing feature diversity. For the data preparation this means to identify these hotspots and mark them automatically with the correct marker required to make the feature specific CD measurement successful. Currently available methods can address generic pattern but cannot deal with the pattern diversity of the hotspots. The paper will explore a method how to overcome those limitations and to enhance the time-to-result in the marking process dramatically. For the marking process the Synopsys WLCD Output Module was utilized, which is an interface between the CATS mask data prep software and the WLCD metrology tool. It translates the CATS marking directly into an executable WLCD measurement job including CD analysis. The paper will describe the utilized method and flow for the hotspot measurement. Additionally, the achieved results on hotspot measurements utilizing this method will be presented.
Multiple occurrences of pathologies suggesting a common and severe bone infection in a population of the Australian Pleistocene giant, Genyornis newtoni (Aves, Dromornithidae)

Vertebrate fossils showing pathological lesions are incredibly rare, and even more so is the identification of an ailment affecting multiple individuals in a population. However, the unique Lake Callabonna fossil deposit of South Australia has produced several such fossils from a single species of giant bird. Examination of the Lake Callabonna fossils of Genyornis newtoni, an extinct Pleistocene dromornithid, representing at least 34 individuals, has resulted in the identification of six osseous pathologies. These lesions are typical of the bone infection osteomyelitis, and affect a sternum, a tarsometatarsus and four phalanges across four individuals. The identification and description of osteomyelitis in these bones is the first of its kind for extinct galloanseres. Optically stimulated luminescence dating of host deposits shows that these animals were mired in lakebed sediments ranging from 54.2 to 50.4 kyr in age, probably becoming entrapped during a protracted drought phase previously identified as beginning at c. 48 ka and which would have resulted in the lakebed becoming exposed. Additional pathologies are recognized in phalanges of two other dromornithids, Dromornis stirtoni and Ilbandornis woodburnei, from the Miocene Alcoota deposit of the Northern Territory that are also interpreted as drought associated. It is possible that drought‐driven stress and consequent immunosuppressive effects may have contributed to the high frequency of lesions observed in the sampled birds.
Diagnostic Validity of Self-Reported Hearing Loss in Elderly Taiwanese Individuals: Diagnostic Performance of a Hearing Self-Assessment Questionnaire on Audiometry

Key Points: Question: Can the traditional Chinese version of the hearing handicap inventory for elderly screening (HHIE-S) checklist screen for age-related hearing loss (ARHL) in elderly individuals? Findings: In this cross-sectional study of 1696 Taiwanese patients who underwent annual government-funded geriatric health checkups, the Chinese version of the HHIE-S had a sensitivity of 76.9% and a specificity of 79.8% with a cutoff score greater than 6 for identifying patients with disabled hearing loss (defined as a PTA > 40 dB). Meaning: The traditional Chinese version of the HHIE-S is an effective test to detect ARHL and can improve the feasibility of large-scale hearing screening among elderly individuals. Purpose: The traditional Chinese version of the hearing handicap inventory for elderly screening (TC-HHIE-S) was translated from English and is intended for use with people whose native language is traditional Chinese, but its effectiveness and diagnostic performance are still unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the traditional Chinese version of the HHIE-S for screening for age-related hearing loss (ARHL). Methods: A total of 1696 elderly people underwent the government’s annual geriatric medical examination at community hospitals. In this cross-sectional study, we recorded average conducted pure-tone averages (PTA) (0.5 kHz, 1 kHz, 2 kHz, 4 kHz), age, sex, and HHIE-S data. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to identify the best critical point for detecting hearing impairment, and the validity of the structure was verified by the agreement between the TC-HHIE-S and PTA results. Results: The HHIE-S scores were correlated with the better-ear pure-tone threshold averages (PTAs) at 0.5–4 kHz (correlation coefficient r = 0.45). The internal consistency of the total HHIE-S score was excellent (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.901), and the test-retest reliability was also excellent (Spearman’s correlation coefficient = 0.60, intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.75). In detecting disabled hearing loss (i.e., PTA at 0.5–4 kHz > 40 dB), the HHIE-S cutoff score of > 6 had a sensitivity of 76.9% and a specificity of 79.8%. Conclusions: The traditional Chinese version of the HHIE-S is a valid, reliable, and efficient tool for large-scale screening for ARHL.
Global, Regional, and National Burden of Ischemic Stroke, 1990–2019

Background and Objectives To the best of our knowledge, no comprehensive update of the descriptive epidemiology and trends of ischemic stroke has been released since Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017. Thus, our objective was to examine ischemic stroke burden at the global, regional, and national levels in terms of sex, age, and social development index (SDI). Methods Data were extracted from the GBD 2019 datasets. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were calculated to assess the incidence rate, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALY) trends of ischemic stroke. Measures were stratified by sex, region, country, age, and SDI. Results The global age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of ischemic stroke decreased from 1990 to 2019, with an EAPC of −0.43 (95% confidence interval [CI] −0.54 to −0.32). High-middle and middle SDI regions had much higher ASIR, age-standardized death rate (ASDR), and age-standardized DALY rates due to ischemic stroke than other SDI regions. Regionally, East Asia had the highest ASIR of ischemic stroke in 2019 and the largest increase in the ASIR from 1990 to 2019. Nationally, Egypt (EAPC 1.40, 95% CI 1.27–1.52) and China (EAPC 1.10, 95% CI 1.00–1.20) had the most pronounced increases in the ASIR of ischemic stroke. Globally, there was an increase in ischemic stroke incidence with increasing age, especially in women 50 to 69 years of age or older. The global ASDR decreased from 1990 to 2019, with an EAPC of −1.63 (95% CI −1.72 to −1.53). The ASDR and age-standardized DALY rates increased most in southern sub-Saharan Africa, eastern sub-Saharan Africa, and southeast Asia. Discussion The ASIR, ASDR, and age-standardized DALY rates remained high in high-middle and middle SDI regions. East Asia, southern sub-Saharan Africa, eastern sub-Saharan Africa, and Southeast Asia had the greatest burden of ischemic stroke.
Juni 2020 An Indication of a Reverse Fault in Plampang , Sumbawa Island Based on The June 13 , 2020 Earthquake Analysis

The existence of an active fault with a reverse fault mechanism in the Plampang area is successfully delineated from the distribution of the relocated hypocenter, the moment tensor inversion, and the Coulomb stress changes. This study also reveals the source of the earthquake in the active fault with a relatively shallow depth which can be a threat on Sumbawa Island if the maximum magnitude is released in the future. Seismicity from hypocenter relocation shows the distribution of the epicenter with a southwest–northeast direction. It is also supported by the moment tensor inversion result which shows the fault plane trending southwest–northeast (N224E) with a steep dip (49). The vertical section of seismicity in the dip direction shows that the slope of the plane has a lower angle with increasing depth. The lower angle of a fault plane shows a decollement structure at a depth of 10–15 km and gradually becomes steep as a splay fault structure at a depth of 0–10 km. It is consistent with the result of moment tensor inversion which shows the mechanism of a reverse fault that occurred at a depth of 7 km. The Coulomb stress changes show the stress increasing outside the fault plane area, which triggers aftershocks. The distribution of aftershocks shows a hypothetical fault plane of 19 km long and 12 km wide. A fault of this size has the potential to generate an earthquake with a magnitude maximum of Mw 6.4. The Sumbawa earthquake on June 13, 2020, having M 5.3 was caused by a small part of the activity from the fault.
Coupling the Subtectorial Fluid with the Tectorial Membrane and Hair Bundles of the Cochlea

Two different kinds of flow—(i) shearing of fluid between the reticular lamina (RL) and tectorial membrane (TM) and (ii) so‐called pulsating flow in the RL‐TM gap—have been implicated as the dominant source of fluidic stimulation of the inner hair cell (IHC) hair bundle (HB). However, the frequency and spatial dependence of these flows for IHC stimulation is unresolved in vivo and estimates of the effect of the cochlear amplifier on these flows has not been quantified. Indeed, the relative importance these flow modalities and active processes likely varies with tonotopic location. In this paper, a microfluidic model is developed which features the interaction of the subtectorial fluid with the TM, IHC HBs, and the outer hair cell HBs. The framework of the model allows for incorporation into active macroscopic models as well as for comparison of experiments performed on excised sections of the cochlea.
Dynamic Response of Spherical Electromagnetic Current Meters

The dynamic response of spherical electromagnetic current meters has been clarified through a comprehensive laboratory measurement program. Studies of current meter response for pure steady, pure oscillatory (horizontal plane), and combined steady/oscillatory motion were carried out. Flowmeter response under pure steady flow and pure oscillatory flow in the absence of high levels of free-stream turbulence shows an r.m.s. error of only 1-5 cm/sec. Combined steady/oscillatory flows result in larger residual errors and significant differences (up to 20%) in meter sensitivity compared with either pure steady or pure oscillatory tests. Horizontal cosine response showed systematic deviations from pure cosine behavior. The analysis shows electromagnetic current meters to be accurate for certain kinematic estimates, but could be erroneous when used to estimate dynamical quantities such as Reynolds stress, bottom friction, and log-layer friction velocities. A careful error analysis must precede any use of the meters for estimating dynamical quantities.
Adaptive Array Principles

Adaptive arrays are a radical departure from conventional thinking in antenna design, offering substantial improvements in performance over fixed pattern antennas in environments that include severe interference and jamming. They achieve this because they are designed to steer nulls automatically at noise sources of unknown or variable direction and generally to modify their beampatterns to optimise performance. Adaptive array processing is applicable in most systems that exploit wave propagation; typical uses being radar, active and passive sonar, radio communication links, and radio monitoring. Although sensors and hardware for different applications vary, the same optimality criteria are used throughout and similar algorithms may be employed. This book develops the concepts underlying the design of adaptive arrays from first principles and is directed at research workers and designers whose mathematical background requires refurbishment in the special techniques that have accumulated around the field, often to the obscuration of the simple basic ideas. The topics treated include: single multiple null steering; derivation of the weighting coefficients in an array that maximises signal to noise ratio; online algorithms for achieving these coefficients using gradient methods based on correlators and coefficient peterbation; direct estimation of optimum coefficients by covariance matrix inversion and recursive techniques; prevention of null steering at the desired source and control over the main lobe shape; minimisation of the number of variable coefficients in suboptimal implementations.