Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Instantons, Five-Branes and Fractional Strings

In this note I review the construction of higher-dimensional instantons and heterotic NS5-branes on Ricci-flat cones from arXiv:1109.3552, as well as fractional strings from arXiv:1202.5046. The focus is on methods and interpretation. I show, furthermore, that smeared 5-brane supergravity solutions on manifolds with holonomy G2 or Spin(7) can be obtained quite generally by a conformal deformation of the Ricci-flat metric, whereas Calabi-Yau and hyperk\"ahler manifolds require more sophisticated deformations and a case by case treatment.
Effects of 18 Months of Growth Hormone Replacement Therapy on Bone Mineral Density in Patients with Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency: A Retrospective Study

Objective The effect of physiological dose growth hormone (GH) replacement therapy on bone mineral density (BMD) in adults with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is not well defined. We aimed to investigate the effects of 18 months of treatment with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) at physiological doses on BMD, body composition (BC), and quality of life (QoL). Methods Sixty-eight patients diagnosed with adult growth hormone deficiency (AGHD) in our hospital were included in this retrospective study. All patients received individualized rhGH replacement to maintain normal serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels. BMD and BC measurements were performed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Excluding those with incomplete follow-up data, we analyzed BMD in 68 patients, as well as BC and QoL in 36 of them. Results Compared with the baseline, lumbar spine BMD decreased by 0.008 g/cm2 (P=0.006) and increased by 0.011 g/cm2 (P=0.045) at month 18, and total hip BMD decreased by 0.005 g/cm2 (P=0.008) and did not change significantly from the baseline at month 18. The changes in BMD did not differ by sex, and the increase in BMD was more pronounced in patients with low Z-scores at the baseline (lumbar spine: P=0.005 and total hip: P=0.018). The percentage change from the baseline in BMD was greater for the lumbar spine than for the total hip (P=0.003). Lean body mass (LBM) increased significantly (P=0.012), total body fat ratio (TBF%) decreased significantly (P=0.011), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) decreased significantly (P=0.016), and QoL improved significantly (P < 0.001). Conclusions Within 18 months of treatment, bone resorption manifested first, BMD decreased to a nadir at month 6, and then it increased. The increase in BMD was greater in the lumbar spine than in the hip, and the increase was more pronounced in patients with low BMD. Eighteen months of rhGH replacement therapy significantly improved lumbar spine BMD and improved BC and QoL.
Effects of Location Update Schemes on the Performance of Position based Routing Protocols in Mobile ad hoc Networks

A number of position based routing algorithms for mobile ad hoc networks have been proposed in the literature. These algorithms have been tested either in proactive or reactive environment. In this paper we have evaluated the performance of VD-GEDIR, CH-MFR, R-DIR, DREAM and LAR under both proactive and reactive routing approaches using different location update schemes. In proactive approach the location of a moving node is updated independent of routing process i.e. based on regular time interval and based on number of links formed and broken while in reactive approach the locations updates are integrated with route discovery process. Through the simulation results we found that VD-GEDIR, CH-MFR, and R-DIR have performed better than DREAM and LAR under all the location update schemes applied in this work.
A similarity measure of deformable shapes

A set of 0-, 1- and 2-dimensional primitives is used to represent plane shapes. For each of these primitives a kind of energy is assigned. This energy model includes binding effects which can explicitly handle perceptual organization. A set of deformations of perceptual meaning is used to evaluate shape perceptual similarity. This similarity measure includes only limited deformation modes of perceptual meaning; it includes both structure salience and metric difference; it incorporates both region and contour influence; and it tackles perceptual organization explicitly. Some examples show that this similarity model partially captures human perceptual similarity judgment of simple plank shapes.
Isolation of endophytic bacteria and fungi from soursop (Annona muricata L.) and bioactivity test as antimicrobial against Eschericia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Candida albicans

This study aimed to test the antimicrobial activity of endophytic bacteria and fungi isolates of soursop (Annona muricata L.) in inhibiting the growth of E.coli, S. epidermidis, and C. albicans. The stages of the research were the isolation of endophytic bacteria, antimicrobial assay, and characterization of potential endophytic bacteria and fungi. Endophytic microbial was isolated from leaves, bark, and root of soursop taken from Praya, Central Lombok. The agar diffusion method was used in the antimicrobial activity assay. Characterization was carried out on endophytic microbes with antimicrobial activity based on colony morphology, Gram staining, and biochemical tests. The antimicrobial activity test results showed that none of the endophytic bacteria and fungi isolates had intense activity inhibiting the test microbes' growth. Isolates with code DN3, DNX, and AKRX had medium activity against E. coli, isolates with code AKR1 had medium activity against S. epidermidis, and isolates with code DN2 AKRX had medium activity against C.albicans. The research results showed that the endophytic bacteria from soursop plants could inhibit the growth of test microbes in the weak to moderate.
Features of hyperbolic metamaterials with extremal optical characteristics

The possibility is shown and conditions are found for the realization of the type I or II epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) metamaterials based on a multilayer metal-dielectric structure. It is found that, for both propagating and evanescent extraordinary waves, diffraction-free energy transportation occurs with low losses within narrow channels inside the type I ENZ metamaterial on the basis of such a structure. The research presents the possibility of forming the type II ENZ metamaterial inside the two kinds of propagating light waves for which the amplitude decays from the boundary and the phase fronts move away from and towards the boundary of the metamaterial, respectively. The interaction between Gaussian light beams and metamaterials with extremal characteristics is theoretically investigated. The prospect of the practical application of these media is considered.
Test section streaks originating from imperfections in a zither located upstream of a contraction

Defining a link between wind-tunnel settling chamber screens, flow quality and test section boundary-layer spanwise variation is necessary for accurate transition prediction. The aim of this work is to begin establishing this link. The computed, steady, laminar wake of a zither (screen model) with imperfect wire spacing is tracked through a contraction and into a model test section. The contraction converts the zither wake into streamwise vorticity which then creates spanwise variation (streaks) in the test-section boundary layer. The magnitude of the spanwise variation is sensitive to the zither open-area ratio and imperfections, but the observed wavelength is relatively insensitive to the zither wire spacing. Increased spanwise variation is attributed to large wavelength variation of drag across the zither, and not the coalescence of jets phenomena. The linear stability of the streaks is predicted using the parabolized stability equations with the $\text{e}^{N}$ method. A standard deviation of zither wire position error of 38.1 ${\rm\mu}$ m (15 % of wire diameter) for a zither of 50 % open-area ratio is found to suppress Tollmien–Schlichting wave growth significantly.
Recrystallization in polyvinylidene fluoride upon low fluence swift heavy ion impact

Thin films (9 μm) of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) are irradiated by swift heavy ions (180 MeV Ag14+) in the fluence range 1×1010–1×1012ions/cm2 with an electronic linear energy transfer LET∼11 keV/nm. In sharp contrast to the previous results, the most characteristic crystalline asymmetric and symmetric “CH2” doublets (located at 3025 and 2985 cm−1), have shown remarkable increase in their respective Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorbance intensities upon low fluence ion impact (1010 ions/cm2). This increase in absorbance is in consonance with the simultaneous decrease of the transmission intensities of other crystalline bending vibration bands located at 532 (CF2 bending), 614, 796, and 975 cm−1 (all due to CH2 bending) at the similar ion fluence. It appears most probable from the results that, being a polar polymer, the molecular dipoles in PVDF forming a hydrogen bond network get realigned upon irradiation into a highly ordered state of chain molecules in the crystalline regions and create volu.
Double-detonation model of type Ia supernovae with a variable helium layer ignition mass

Although Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) play an important role in the study of cosmology, their progenitors are still poorly understood. Thermonuclear explosions from the helium double-detonation sub-Chandrasekhar mass model have been considered as an alternative method for producing SNe Ia. By adopting the assumption that a double detonation occurs when a He layer with a critical ignition mass accumulates on the surface of a carbon—oxygen white dwarf (CO WD), we perform detailed binary evolution calculations for the He double-detonation model, in which a He layer from a He star accumulates on a CO WD. According to these calculations, we obtain the initial parameter spaces for SNe Ia in the orbital period and secondary mass plane for various initial WD masses. We implement these results into a detailed binary population synthesis approach to calculate SN Ia birthrates and delay times. From this model, the SN Ia birthrate in our Galaxy is ∼0.4 − 1.6 × 10−3 yr−1. This indicates that the double-detonation model only produces part of the SNe Ia. The delay times from this model are ∼ 70 – 710 Myr, which contribute to the young population of SNe Ia in the observations. We found that the CO WD + sdB star system CD–30 11223 could produce an SN Ia via the double-detonation model in its future evolution.
Pullback attractors and statistical solutions for 2-D Navier-Stokes equations

In this paper we investigate some relations among the notions of pullback attractor, time-average measure and statistical solution. Using time-averages and Banach generalized limits we construct a family of probability measures $\{\mu_t\}_{t\in \IR}$ on the pullback attractor $\{A(t)\}_{t\in \R}$ of the dynamical system associated with a two-dimensional nonautonomous Navier-Stokes flow in a bounded domain. The measures satisfy supp$\mu_t \subset A(t)$ for all $t\in \R$ and also the corresponding Liouville equation and energy equation. In the autonomous case, they reduce to some time-average measure $\mu$ with support included in the global attractor and being a stationary statistical solution of the Navier-Stokes flow.
The failure on continuous dependence on initial data for the Navier-Stokes equations of compressible flow

It is shown that physical solutions of the Navier–Stokes equations for one-dimensional, compressible flow need not depend continuously on their initial data, at least when vacuum states are allowed. Specifically, two fluid regions initially separated by a third region of very low density 6 are considered. It is shown that, as $\delta \to 0$, the (unique) solutions corresponding to$\delta > 0$ do not in fact converge to a physical solution, but rather to a nonphysical weak solution in which the two fluids cannot collide, independent of their initial velocities, and whose separate momenta need not be conserved. A particular consequence is that solutions of the cavity problem $\delta = 0$ are not unique.
Distributional and Acoustic Characteristics of Filler Particles in German with Consideration of Forensic-Phonetic Aspects

In this study, we investigate the use of the filler particles (FPs) uh, um, hm, as well as glottal FPs and tongue clicks of 100 male native German speakers in a corpus of spontaneous speech. For this purpose, the frequency distribution, FP duration, duration of pauses surrounding FPs, voice quality of FPs, and their vowel quality are investigated in two conditions, namely, normal speech and Lombard speech. Speaker-specific patterns are investigated on the basis of twelve sample speakers. Our results show that tongue clicks and glottal FPs are as common as typically described FPs, and should be a part of disfluency research. Moreover, the frequency of uh, um, and hm decreases in the Lombard condition while the opposite is found for tongue clicks. Furthermore, along with the usual F1 increase, a considerable reduction in vowel space is found in the Lombard condition for the vowels in uh and um. A high degree of within- and between-speaker variation is found on the individual speaker level.
Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess the exposure to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Intima–media complex thickness (IMT), selected metabolic parameters and health behaviors were assessed in the course of the study. Methods: The study included study group, which consisted of 45 patients with JIA and 37 healthy age- and sex-matched children in the control group. Analyses in both groups included anthropometric parameters, laboratory tests, IMT and a questionnaire on exposure to modifiable CVD risk factors. Results: The study confirmed that CVD risk factors were present in both groups of patients. Significantly more children with JIA had abnormal BMI (p = 0.006) compared to the control group. Children in the study group were more likely to consume fruit regularly (p = 0.021) and less likely to consume fast food (p = 0.011) and sweetened beverages (p = 0.042) than children in the control group. Only 1 patient with JIA met criteria for ideal cardiovascular health. Dietary habits were not associated with IMT values, BMI, presence of joint pain or biochemical parameters in the study group. Conclusions: Patients with JIA are exposed to cardiovascular risk factors equally to their healthy peers. Ideal cardiovascular health should be pursued in the pediatric population with particular attention paid to patients with chronic diseases (i.e., JIA). The application of carotid artery IMT measurement in the assessment of CVD risk requires studies on a larger group of patients.
Chirality effects in carbon nanotubes

We consider chirality related effects in optical, photogalvanic, and electron-transport properties of carbon nanotubes. We show that these properties of chiral nanotubes are determined by terms in the electron effective Hamiltonian describing the coupling between the electron wave vector along the tube principal axis and the orbital momentum around the tube circumference. We develop a theory of photogalvanic effects and a theory of dc electric current, which is linear in the magnetic field and quadratic in the bias voltage. Moreover, we present analytic estimations for the natural circular dichroism and magnetospatial effect in the light absorption.
The CM array: An adaptive beamformer for constant modulus signals

This paper introduces a new adaptive beam-forming algorithm called the CM Array. Unlike existing adaptive beamformers, the adaptive CM Array exploits the constant modulus (cm) property of the signal of interest (soi) to steer a beam in the direction of the soi while steering nulls in the directions of interference.
Intravenous Injection of GluR2-3Y Inhibits Repeated Morphine-Primed Reinstatement of Drug Seeking in Rats

Studies have demonstrated that the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptor is essential to drug addiction. In this study, we explored the influence of GluR2-3Y, an interfering peptide to prevent the endocytosis of AMPA receptors containing the GluR2 subunit, on morphine-seeking behavior in the rat self-administration model. After self-administration was established, the rats received intravenous injections of GluR2-3Y during the extinction sessions. There were no significant differences in both active and inactive pokes compared to the control group of rats that received GluR2-3S, indicating that GluR2-3Y has no significant influences on the extinction of morphine self-administration. The other two groups of rats were trained, extinguished, and reinstated by repeated morphine priming (respectively, called Prime 1, Prime 2, and Prime 3). Only one intravenous injection of GluR2-3Y was performed before Prime 1. Compared to the control group, GluR2-3Y did not affect Prime 1, but significantly attenuated the morphine-seeking behavior during repeated morphine-primed reinstatement, indicating an inhibitory after effect of GluR2-3Y on morphine-seeking behavior in rats. The long-term depression (LTD) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell was also assessed. Pretreatment with GluR2-3Y altered the ability of LTD induction to the level of that in the naive group, while pretreatment with GluR2-3S had no effects on LTD. Our results demonstrated that the intravenous injection of GluR2-3Y, to block the endocytosis of AMPA receptors, inhibited the reinstatement of morphine-seeking behavior, which may be induced by modulating the neuronal plasticity in the NAc shell of rats.
A microwave wireless energy harvesting system with a wideband antenna array

This paper is focused on a microwave wireless energy harvesting system using a rectenna (rectifying antenna), which consists of a wideband antenna array, a microwave low-pass filter and a voltage doubling rectifying circuit. The wideband antenna array is formed by two double-sided planar cross dipoles. The rectenna operates in the frequency range 1.6–2.5 GHz. Both simulation and experiment studies have been carried out for the rectenna with the input power density levels ranging from 1 to 100 µW/cm2, which are typical in urban environments. The simulated and measured results of the rectenna are compared and showed good agreement. The results demonstrate that the maximum conversion efficiency of the rectenna is above 32% in the frequency range 1.9–2.3 GHz, and the overall conversion efficiency is greater than 20% when the power density is more than 5 µW/cm2. This new wideband rectenna has great potential for harvesting wireless energy in the GSM/3G/4G and ISM 2.4-GHz bands.
Variable focus microscopy using a suspended water droplet

We explore a low-technology methodology to dispense and shape water droplets for application as the magnifying element in a microscope using either reflection-mode or transmission-mode illumination. A water droplet is created at the end of a syringe and then coated with a thin layer of silicone oil to mitigate evaporation. By applying mechanical pressure to the water droplet using a metal tip, the shape of the droplet is tuned to yield focusing properties amenable for microscopy. Images captured using the microscope demonstrate micron-scale resolution, variable magnification and imaging quality comparable to that obtained by a conventional, laboratory-grade microscope.
A fixed‐mesh Eulerian–Lagrangian approach for stress analysis in continuous casting

We present a method for the analysis of the strains and stresses developed in the solidified portion of a metal strand during the continuous casting process. Steady‐state conditions are assumed. The solidified metal is modelled as a standard inelastic solid with isotropic hardening and von Mises yield criterion. Constitutive equations are formulated over the material particles (Lagrangian approach) that instantaneously occupy a fixed domain attached to the casting machine, which is discretized (Eulerian approach). Particle tracking, needed to record the deformation history at each fixed sampling point, becomes trivial because of the usual hypothesis of constant and homogeneous advection velocity. Backward‐Euler (implicit) finite differences and mixed finite elements are used for time and spatial discretization, respectively. The resulting non‐linear algebraic equations are solved using the Newton–Raphson method. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of I/O Behaviors in Cloud Storage Workloads

As cloud platforms become increasingly popular, accurately understanding I/O behaviors in modern cloud storage is of paramount importance for system design and optimization. This paper sheds new light on the correlation of inter-arrival times of both read and write requests at the block level in four representative cloud storage workloads – AliCloud, Systor’17, MSRC and FIU. Our study reveals that I/O arrivals at the block level are very complex in modern cloud storage. There is a certain degree of correlation in the long-term timescale for request arrival intervals in AliCloud and Systor’17_read. Request arrival intervals in MSRC, FIU and Systor’17_write, however, are almost uncorrelated. The Gaussianity test confirms that I/O burstiness appears to be Gaussian in AliCloud_write and Systor’17_read, but the burstiness is non-Gaussian in other workloads. Importantly, we unfold the existence of self-similarity in cloud storage workloads with a certain degree of correlations, via visual evidence, the autocorrelation structure of the aggregated process of I/O request sequences, and Hurst parameter estimates. We further design an alpha-stable workload model for synthetic I/O generation, and the experimental results demonstrate that our model has an edge over conventional models in terms of accurately emulating I/O burstiness.
Synchronization of Chaotic Fractional Chen System

In this paper, chaos synchronization for Chen's system with a fractional order (or called “the fractional Chen system”) is considered. The condition for achieving synchronization of Chen's system is analyzed on the basis of the Laplace transform theory. Numerical simulations affirm the theoretical analysis, which also provides a new synchronization method for other chaotic systems with some fractional orders.
An accelerated recurrent network training algorithm using IIR filter model and recursive least squares method

A new approach for the training algorithm of a fully connected recurrent neural network based upon the digital filter theory is proposed. Each recurrent neuron is modeled by an infinite impulse response (IIR) filter. The weights of each layers in the network are updated by optimizing IIR filter coefficients and optimization is based on the recursive least squares (RLS) method. Our results indicate that the proposed algorithm is capable of providing an extremely fast convergence rate. In this letter, the algorithm is validated by applying to sunspots time series, Mackey-Glass time series and nonlinear function approximation problems. The convergence speed of the RLS based algorithm are compared with other fast algorithms. In the obtained results, they show that the proposed algorithm could be up to 200 times faster than that of the conventional backpropagation algorithm.
Microwave detection of interstellar ketene.

Interstellar ketene (H/sub 2/C=C=O) has been observed in the source Sgr B2 via its transitions 5/sub 14//sub -/4/sub 13/, 5/sub 15//sub -/4/sub 14/, and 4/sub 13//sub -/3/sub 12/ at frequencies 101981.39, 100094.51, and 81586.19 MHz, respectively. The transitions 5/sub 05//sub -/4/sub 04/, 4/sub 14//sub -/3/sub 13/, and 4/sub 04//sub -/3/sub 03/ have also tentatively been detected. Statistical equilibrium calculations suggest a rather low column density for ketene (approx.10/sup 14/ cm/sup -2/) arising from a high-density region (approximately-greater-than10/sup 6/ cm/sup -3/).