Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigations on the nutritional and medicinal potentials of Ceiba pentandra leaf: A common vegetable in Nigeria

Ceiba pentandra is huge, wide, normally found in wild forest of West Africa. The present study investigated the nutritional and bioactive components of the leaf of the popularly consumed vegetable in some part of Nigeria and other West Africa countries. The proximate analysis and bioactive constituents were determined by standard methods of AOAC, while vitamins A, E, micro/macro elements and fatty acids were determined using AAS and HPLC respectively. The results showed that the leaf contained 4.891 ± 0.35% moisture, 12.97 ± 1.60% protein, 52.06 ± 2.10% carbohydrate, 4.35 ± 0.60% fat, 7.54 ± 0.46% ash, 18.15 ± 0.05% crude fiber, 0.73 ± 0.07 µg/g vitamin A, 4.91 ± 0.16 mg/g vitamin C and 0.18 ± 0.02 mg/g vitamin E while micro/macro elements and fatty acids showed that the leaf contained 0.33 ± 0.05, 7.66 ± 1.40, 2.46 ± 0.46, 11.40 ± 2.10, 5.53 ± 0.95, 0.02 ± 0.04, 0.03 ± 0.01 and 0.04 ± 0.02 mg/100 g of Fe, Ca, Mg, K, Na, Cu and Zn respectively. 15.92 ± 0.17% palmitic acid and 0.72 ± 0.02% linolelic acid. The bioactive compound found were 173.94 ± 3.09 mg/g phenolics, 4.54 ± 0.02 mg/g alkaloids, 26.06 ± 0.16 mg/g flavonoids, 0.48 ± 0.03 mg/g tannins, 1.55 ± 0.04 mg/g saponnins, 0.15 ± 0.02 mg/g phytate, 14.54 ± 0.50 TUI units/mg trypsin inhitors, 9.65 ± 1.28 HUI unit/mg hemagglutinin inhibitors. All these results indicate that the leaves of this C. pentandra contained nutrients and mineral elements that may be useful in nutrition, while the bioactive compounds explained the medicinal action of the plant leaves encountered in its therapeutic uses and or which provide scientific basis for its use in folk medicine. Key words: Ceiba pentandra, nutritional, medicinal potentials and proximate.
Application of a diffusion‐erosion model to alluvial channels which degrade due to base‐level lowering

The applicability of a diffusion-erosion model that predicts transient longitudinal profiles of degrading alluvial channels has already been demonstrated in laboratory experiments, and is here applied to some field examples. By fitting simulated longitudinal profiles to measured ones for several streams (with discharge 0.04<Q5<680 m3s−1) diffusion-erosion coefficients, K, were determined which are well correlated to discharge and drainage area. Headward knickpoint migration which results from base-level lowering was also treated through the diffusion-erosion model. Theoretically, the distance of a knickpoint from the mouth of a tributary should be proportional to the square root of the time that elapsed since the base-level was lowered. Field observations are in accordance with these theoretical considerations. Use of the model is discussed for prediction of erosion and for assessment of the age of alluvial fault scarps crossed by streams.
Considerations regarding sources for formic and acetic acids in the troposphere

HCOOH and CH3COOH are important chemical constituents of cloud water and precipitation, but sources for these compounds in the atmosphere are at present unknown. The question of source identification was addressed through the analysis of 465 samples of precipitation collected at 14 continental and marine locations around the world. Continental precipitation during growing seasons contained, relative to marine precipitation and to continental precipitation during nongrowing seasons, higher absolute concentrations of organic acids and higher ratios of HCOOT (HCOOHaq + HCOO−) to CH3COOT (CH3COOHaq + CH3COO−). The concentrations of HCOOT and CH3COOT in precipitation at most locations were also highly correlated. These results support the hypothesis that organic acidity in precipitation may originate with two major sources, volatile vegetative constituents over continents and a second weaker source in both continental and marine regions. Relative to the similar ratios of HCOOT to CH3COOT in the aqueous phase, differences in precipitation pH resulted in large regional differences in calculated equilibrium vapor phase concentrations. The mechanism(s) by which proportionate concentrations of HCOOT and CH3COOT are maintained in the aqueous phase remains an open question. Comparisons between precipitation in impacted and remote regions indicate that although possibly important near large population and industrial centers, anthropogenic emissions are probably not major sources for organic acids in precipitation over broad geographic regions.
The dynamic ocean biological pump: Insights from a global compilation of particulate organic carbon, CaCO3, and opal concentration profiles from the mesopelagic

We have compiled a global data set of 62 open ocean profiles of particulate organic carbon (POC), CaCO3, and opal concentrations collected by large volume in situ filtration in the upper 1000 m over the last 30 years. We define concentration‐based metrics for the strength (POC concentration at depth) and efficiency (attenuation of POC with depth in the mesopelagic) of the biological pump. We show that the strength and efficiency of the biological pump are dynamic and are characterized by a regime of constant and high transfer efficiency at low to moderate surface POC and a bloom regime where the height of the bloom is characterized by a weak deep biological pump and low transfer efficiency. The variability in POC attenuation length scale manifests in a clear decoupling between the strength of the shallow biological pump (e.g., POC at the export depth) and the strength of the deep biological pump (POC at 500 m). We suggest that the paradigm of diatom‐driven export production is driven by a too restrictive perspective on upper mesopelagic dynamics. Indeed, our full mesopelagic analysis suggests that large, blooming diatoms have low transfer efficiency and thus may not export substantially to depth; rather, our analysis suggests that ecosystems characterized by smaller cells and moderately high %CaCO3 have a high mesopelagic transfer efficiency and can have higher POC concentrations in the deep mesopelagic even with relatively low surface or near‐surface POC. This has negative implications for the carbon sequestration prospects of deliberate iron fertilization.
Exploration of the mechanism of action of Xiayuxue Tang against hepatic fibrosis based on GEO data mining, network pharmacology and molecular docking technology

Objective: To study the mechanism of action of Xiayuxue Tang in treating hepatic fibrosis by combining GEO data mining, network pharmacology, and molecular docking technology, and provide new research directions for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis. Method: Utilizing multiple databases, we aim to identify the relevant targets of various components in Xiayuxue Tang and their associations with hepatic fibrosis. After pinpointing the key targets through interaction analysis, we will construct both the compound-target network and the protein interaction network for Xiayuxue Tang. Conclusively, we will conduct GO and KEGG enrichment analyses on these key targets, followed by molecular docking verification. Result: Through mining the GEO database, 171 related targets were identified. When combined with other databases, a total of 2,343 hepatic fibrosis-related targets were obtained. Xiayuxue Tang comprises 82 related components, which include 26 active components from rhubarb, 1 from ground beetle worm, 46 from peach kernels, with a total of 314 predicted targets. The GO enrichment analysis revealed 748 biological processes, 32 cellular components, and 73 molecular functions, while the KEGG enrichment analysis identified 222 pathways. Molecular docking verification confirmed that effective compounds can bind stably to key proteins, exhibiting strong binding activity. This underscores the potential efficacy of Xiayuxue Tang in addressing hepatic fibrosis. Conclusion: Xiayuxue Tang exerts regulatory effects on hepatic fibrosis through different targets and pathways, suggesting that the herbal compound has the characteristics of multiple pathways and targets.
A Multi-Layer Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network on Battery State-of-Health Estimation with Transfer Learning

Due to the important part of batteries in industrial systems, its safety analysis has causes widespread attention from researchers, and its effective maintenance decision-making is needed. Data-driven state-of-health (SOH) estimation can provide useful information by monitoring historical data during the aging process, but it can be failed in the cross-domain scenarios due to the different data distributions. To tackle this issue, we propose a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network with an additional fully connected dense as a basic predictor, and apply the pretrain and fine-tuning training algorithm to realize the high-performance prediction. By validated in two real-world datasets, we find that blindly expanding the training set may have a negative impact on model accuracy, and the proposed TL-LSTM can achieve a great performance under the cross-domain tasks.
Fully Coupled Analysis of Failure and Remediation of Lower San Fernando Dam

The extent of flow deformation in an embankment dam is determined by the driving forces and the residual strength of the soil, as well as by the kinematic constraints. The soil conditions of berm and buttress, as well as of foundation, are also critical factors affecting seismic performance of an embankment dam. A careful examination of these factors is necessary when proposing remedial measures to a seismically deficient dam. This paper presents a set of fully coupled finite element analyses of the response of the well-known lower San Fernando Dam during the 1971 earthquake. A critical state model incorporating the concept of state-dependent dilatancy was employed to describe soil behavior over the full range of loading conditions encountered. The results show clearly that a flow slide occurred on the upstream side, and indicate that a downstream flow slide would occur, too, if the downstream berm had not been constructed before the event. The analyses show also that the addition of an upstream berm could effectively prevent the upstream flow slide.
Estudio sedimentológico de las geoformas litorales acumulativas recientes en el Archipiélago Los Testigos, Dependencias Federales*

El Archipielago Los Testigos es un conjunto insular integrado por dieciseis (16) islas, islotes y afloramientos rocosos, localizado entre las coordenadas 11° 20’ – 11° 25’de Latitud norte y 63° 02’ – 63° 08’de Longitud oeste; cuya importancia geoestrategica para Venezuela esta signada por su ubicacion geografica, constituyendo el limite nororiental del pais con otras naciones caribenas. El proposito de este estudio es la caracterizacion y analisis sedimentologico de las geoformas litorales acumulativas recientes desde el punto de vista geocronologico. La metodologia se baso en el reconocimiento directo y aerofotografico del sector, recoleccion de sedimentos en campo, asi como el empleo de los metodos de laboratorio que incluyen: a) tamizado al seco, b) estudio morfoscopico y c) diafractometria de rayos X (DRX). De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos, este ambiente sedimentario esta influenciado por procesos geomorfologicos erosivos y acumulativos de caracter marinos-costeros que han actuado en forma combinada con las caracteristicas geologicas del archipielago, dando origen a una serie de geoformas litorales recientes representados por las playas y cuya evolucion repercute en la configuracion final de este grupo de islas importantes para la geoestrategia del pais
Changing lower stratospheric circulation: The role of ozone and greenhouse gases

Stratospheric climate has changed significantly during the last decades. The causes of these changes are discussed on the basis of two different general circulation model experiments forced by observed greenhouse gas and ozone concentration. There is a clear and significant response of the lower stratosphere temperature and geopotential in the model simulations forced by observed ozone changes that is in accord with observed trends in summer in middle and high latitudes of the northern hemisphere. Little effect is seen in the tropics. In spring there occur the strongest anomalies/trends in both hemispheres at polar latitudes; however, the model response is late by 1 to 2 months and is much weaker than the observed effects. The ozone-forced model in winter of both hemispheres produces slight warming or no change instead of the slight cooling observed. The effects of enhanced greenhouse gases as taken from a transient IPCC scenario AGCM run do enhance the cooling in high latitudes in spring, but the effect is much smaller than observed. Hence neither of the two forcings (reduced ozone and increased greenhouse gases) in the cold seasons is able to produce the recent stratospheric and tropospheric trend patterns alone. These trends clearly resemble a natural mode of variability both in the model and in the real world. This mode associates a strengthened polar night vortex with an enhanced North Atlantic oscillation. The excitation of this mode cannot yet be attributed to anthropogenic forcing.
Strontium-isotope and sequence stratigraphy of the Miocene Kirkwood Formation

A system for automatically cutting off a rechargeable battery power supply carried by an electric motor-driven toy vehicle when the level of charge of the battery is reduced to a predetermined minimum safe level, the system including a mechanical sensing arrangement coupled to the toy's drive mechanism which arrangement is displaced by and thereby sensitive to the rotational power of the electric motor that is transmitted to the vehicle's propulsion arrangement, the system also including a mechanically actuated electric switch that is electrically connected serially between the battery and the electric motor and that is mechanically coupled to the sensing arrangement to electrically cut off the battery when the displacement of the sensing arrangement reaches a predetermined minimum amount. The mechanically actuated switch is on a plate pivotally mounted by means of a toggle arrangement having two biased and manually selectable stable conditions. The toy may include a radio receiver for remote control of the vehicle, the receiver being on a separate circuit independent of the motor circuit.
Research Article: Hispanics and Environmental Voting in the US Congress

We compare the environmental voting behavior of Hispanic congressional members with those of White and African American members, seek to explain disparities in long-term voting trends, and discuss the implications for future environmental policy development. We analyzed congressional members' voting behavior from 1995 to 2006. Multivariate regression models were employed to determine what factors explain racial disparities in voting. Hispanic members were more likely than White, but less likely than African American, to vote proenvironmentally throughout the period. Results show political party increasingly explains this difference. This is because Democrats and Republicans have become increasingly polarized around environmental issues while at the same time racial disparities in party membership in Congress, largely due to increasing Hispanic membership, have also widened. Although oil-and-gas PAC contributions, region, and other variables are also significant predictors of proenvironmental voting, these variables are secondary to party. Our results add to the building evidence that racial/ethnic minorities are as supportive, if not more supportive, of environmental protection policies as their White counterparts. There has been little research on environmental voting behaviors of Hispanic congressional members. Although the number of Hispanic representatives has to date been relatively small (N = 24 in the 109th Congress), our results lend insight into the changing demographics of the Congress and how this may affect American environmental policy development in the future.
Radiation of inertial kinetic energy as near‐inertial waves forced by tropical Pacific Easterly waves

Easterly waves (EW) are low level tropical atmospheric disturbances able to resonantly force strong mixed layer inertial currents. Using data from two Tropical Atmosphere Ocean/Eastern Pacific Investigation of Climate Processes (TAO/EPIC) buoys located along 95°W and a multiparameterization one‐dimensional turbulence model, we examine how the EW‐forced surface inertial kinetic energy (IKE) loss is partitioned between turbulent dissipation and near‐inertial wave (NIW) radiation. Several EW‐forcing events are individually simulated with a version of the General Ocean Turbulence Model modified to include a linear damping coefficient to account for the NIW radiation energy sink. The kinetic energy budget of these simulations shows that NIW radiation accounted for typically 50–60% of the IKE loss and in some cases up to 80%. These empirically derived estimates of the contribution of the radiated NIWs to the loss of wind‐induced surface IKE are substantially higher than recently published numerical estimates. Furthermore, the results indicate that the vertical NIW energy flux increases linearly with the wind input of IKE, an easily obtained quantity. The NIW vertical energy flux estimated for a single near‐resonant event is comparable to extreme north Pacific wintertime‐averaged fluxes, indicating the existence of important episodic sources of near‐inertial energy available for mixing within and below the thermocline in the tropical region.
Machine Learning for Weather Forecasting: XGBoost vs SVM vs Random Forest in Predicting Temperature for Visakhapatnam

Climate change, a significant and lasting alteration in global weather patterns, is profoundly impacting the stability and predictability of global temperature regimes. As the world continues to grapple with the far-reaching effects of climate change, accurate and timely temperature predictions have become pivotal to various sectors, including agriculture, energy, public health and many more. Crucially, precise temperature forecasting assists in developing effective climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies. With the advent of machine learning techniques, we now have powerful tools that can learn from vast climatic datasets and provide improved predictive performance. This study delves into the comparison of three such advanced machine learning models—XGBoost, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Random Forest—in predicting daily maximum and minimum temperatures using a 45-year dataset of Visakhapatnam airport. Each model was rigorously trained and evaluated based on key performance metrics including training loss, Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Squared Error (MSE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), R2 score, Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), and Explained Variance Score. Although there was no clear dominance of a single model across all metrics, SVM and Random Forest showed slightly superior performance on several measures. These findings not only highlight the potential of machine learning techniques in enhancing the accuracy of temperature forecasting but also stress the importance of selecting an appropriate model and performance metrics aligned with the requirements of the task at hand. This research accomplishes a thorough comparative analysis, conducts a rigorous evaluation of the models, highlights the significance of model selection.
Occupational asthma and contact dermatitis in a spray painter after introduction of an aziridine cross-linker.

A 23-year-old spray painter developed contact dermatitis and respiratory difficulty characterized by small airways obstruction shortly after the polyfunctional aziridine cross-linker CX-100 began to be used in his workplace as a paint activator. The symptoms resolved after he was removed from the workplace and was treated with inhaled and topical steroids. Painters may have an increased risk of asthma due to exposure to a variety of agents, such as isocyanates, alkyd resins, and chromates. This case illustrates the importance of using appropriate work practices and personal protective equipment to minimize exposure. Occupational asthma is diagnosed by a history of work-related symptoms and exposure to known causative agents. The diagnosis is confirmed by serial pulmonary function testing or inhalational challenge testing. The risk of asthma attributable to occupational exposures is probably underappreciated due to underreporting and to inappropriate use of narrow definitions of exposure in epidemiologic studies of attributable risk. ImagesFigure 1
On the Alaska Coastal Current in the western Gulf of Alaska

Analyses of wind, adjusted sea level, temperature, salinity, and current data show that the Alaska Coastal Current (ACC) flows generally westward from Shelikof Strait to the Shumagin Islands. The seasonal nature of the ACC in the western Gulf of Alaska is similar to that in the northern gulf, but minimum salinity, maximum current speeds, and changes in baroclinic transport are less extreme to the west. Southwest of Shelikof Strait the ACC apparently is bifurcated by the bathymetry. One branch continues flowing along the Alaska Peninsula, and the other flows south. The southward flowing branch may rejoin the westward flowing one in the sea valley just east of the Shumagin Islands.
Aspectos de la ecología de Stenocercus santander en un Bosque Húmedo Montano Bajo de los Andes Orientales de Colombia

Se estudiaron aspectos del microhabitat, actividad y los componentes de la dieta de Stenocercus santander en un bosque humedo Montano Bajo ubicado en Soata – Boyaca, Colombia. La mayoria de lagartos (69%) fueron encontrados sobre rocas y su actividad se concentro entre las 9:30-10:29 y 13:30–14:29 h. Los componentes de la dieta son similares a lo reportado para miembros de la misma familia y genero. Hymenoptera, Coleoptera y Heteroptera fueron los items mas consumidos. Se documenta aspectos basicos de la ecologia de este lagarto y se senala como una especie adaptada a zonas intervenidas, caracterizadas por presentar abundantes rocas, ademas de vegetacion herbacea y arbustiva. Palabras Clave: Dieta, actividad, Reptilia, Sauria, microhabitat, Cordillera Oriental. Abstract Aspects of the ecology of Stenocercus santander in a Lower Montane humid forest of the Colombian Eastern Andes We studied aspects of microhabitat, activity and the components of the diet of Stenocercus santander in a Lower Montane humid forest located in Soata – Boyaca, Colombia. Most lizards (69%) were found on rocks and their activity was concentrated between 9:30-10:29 and 13:30 to 14:29 h. The components of the diet are similar to those reported for members of the same family and genus. Hymenoptera, Coleoptera and Heteroptera were the most consumed items. We document basic aspects of the ecology of this lizard species and we identified it as a species adapted to intervened areas, characterized by having abundant rocks, as well as herbaceous vegetation and shrubs. Key Words: Diet, activity, Reptilia, Sauria, microhabitat, Eastern Cordillera.