Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Advanced Retrograde Well Technology for 90-nm-Node Embedded Static Random Access Memory Using High-Energy Parallel Beam

The advantage of forming a retrograde well using a high-energy parallel beam has been experimentally clarified for the first time. A conventional batch-type implanter requires tilted implantation to suppress the spatial variation in a wafer. Tilted implantation, however, imposes a limit on inter-well isolation, since it deteriorates the punchthrough resistance between the source-drain diffusion and the well, and causes variation in the threshold voltage for metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) around the well boundary. A parallel beam produced by a single-wafer implanter is found to give quite a uniform doping profile even for 0°-normal implantation. Small tilt angle implantation using a high-energy parallel beam improves inter-well isolation by ∼ 0.16 µm compared with the conventional 7°-tilted implantation, which yields a ∼ 15% reduction in the static random access memory (SRAM) cell size. This advanced retrograde well technology is indispensable for inter-well isolation of a 90-nm-node embedded SRAM with a sub-1-µm2 cell.
Feeling heard: Operationalizing a key concept for social relations

Feeling heard is considered a cornerstone of close relationships and crucial to healthy self-development, but psychologically, this sentiment of feeling heard remains understudied. The current paper therefore aims to define and measure the experience of feeling heard. Based on an integrative literature review, feeling heard is conceptualized as consisting of five components at two conceptual levels. At the interpersonal level people feel heard when they have 1) voice, and receive 2) attention, 3) empathy, 4) respect. At the collective level people should experience 5) common ground. In two population surveys (N = 194, N = 1000), we find that feeling heard is a unitary concept, and we develop and validate the feeling heard scale (FHS); a concise eight-item scale with good psychometric properties. Results show that the FHS is a distinct predictor of conversation intentions in many different contexts and relationships. In fact, the FHS is the strongest predictor of intentions for conflict behavior among a set of 15 related variables (e.g., acquaintance, intimacy). We conclude by reflecting on the potential applications of this scale: in interpersonal relations and professional contacts, the FHS enables the assessment of one crucial dimension of social interaction.
Low-power computation methods and self-powered systems for Structural Health Monitoring techniques using Lamb waves for embedded sensing

Recent trends in Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) systems have demonstrated the growing interest in autonomous, embeddable devices able to perform in-situ inspection and to work conjointly and wirelessly in a global sensor network. Hence, the energy aspect is of prior importance when dealing with such systems. However, most signal processing methods for assessing the integrity of a structure still rely on linear transforms or operators, such as Fourier or amplitude analysis, which for example require analog-to-digital converters that consume a lot of energy. As well, in addition of optimizing the signal processing, another important part is the use of a proper energy management for the whole system. Hence, the purpose of this paper is twofold. First, it aims at reviewing a particular set of low energy cost methods for Structural Health Monitoring consisting of deriving a Damage Index (DI) obtained from the comparison of the LW signature with a reference signal using logical operators that greatly reduce the required computational energy. A particular emphasis will be placed not only on the performance of the exposed techniques, but also on their energy consumption as well as their sensitivity and robustness facing environmental drifts. It will therefore be shown that the use of non-linear operators for the comparison permits ultra-low energy requirements while allowing detection abilities similar to classical approaches. The second objective of this paper is to discuss the implementation of the whole system in an efficient way using proper management strategies. This issue will be discussed through an example of a self-powered SHM scheme powered using ambient vibrations.
Life Cycle Analysis of Soybean Biodiesel Production

Developing renewable fuels, such as biodiesel, is desirable because they are derived from sustainable sources of energy, whereas petroleum fuels come from a finite resource that is rapidly being depleted. However, the production of renewable fuels generally involves a significant amout of fossil energy. The renewability of biofuel is largely a factor of the amount of fossil energy used for its production, hence it is essential to estimate the amount of fossil energy used over the entire life cycle of the biodiesel production. The comprehensive Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) of soybean biodiesel production was conducted by National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) in 1998. Because of increasing changes in land use and production process, the LCA conducted few years ago is no longer representative of current practices. This research updated the Energy Life Cycle Analysis (ELCA) of the NREL model and estimated the Fossil Energy Ratio (FER) to be 4.56 based on data from 2002 soybean production in the United States. This is a significant improvement (43%) over the 1998 NREL study that reported a FER of 3.2. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) projects soybean yield to increase annually by 0.4 to 0.5 bushel/acre through the year 2017. For every one bushel increase in soybean yield, FER increases by about 0.45 percent. Holding all other variables constant, the FER of soybean biodiesel is estimated to reach 4.69 in the year 2015 when soybean yield is projected to increase to 45.3 bushels per acre. The FER will continue to improve overtime with increasing trend of soybean yield and improvement in the energy efficiency of the crushing and biodiesel plants. In addition to ELCA, four commonly referenced models were compared for the GHG emission savings. The analysis revealed that the most significant factors in altering the results in GHG emissions were differences in data citations, system boundaries, and coproduct allocations.
High-Frequency Capacitance Measurements for Monitoring EOT of Thin Gate Dielectrics

The decreasing thickness of gate dielectrics in CMOS processes presents a great challenge to the traditional capacitance measurements used for statistical process control. The capacitance value in the inversion or accumulation region of the capacitance-voltage (C-V) curve no longer has a simple relationship to the gate oxide thickness, and it is necessary to consider quantum mechanics and polysilicon depletion effects to determine oxide thickness from the C-V curve accurately1,2. In addition, gate leakage increases exponentially as thickness decreases, due to tunneling of carriers through the ultra-thin gate3. The gate capacitor becomes very lossy due to high leakage, and the gate capacitance measurement shows roll-off effects in both the inversion and accumulation regions of the C-V curve4. As a result, it is no longer possible to extract Cox directly and use it to monitor thickness variations in production. The roll-off behaviour varies with the DC leakage of the gate, so that for two gate dielectrics with the same thickness but different leakages, different Cox results are obtained. Some optimisations are possible to extend the use of the traditional C-V technique. Device-related roll-off effects in the C-V curve5, 6 due to channel resistance and contact resistance could be modeled by a different equivalent circuit model and reduced by a new device layout. But some of the roll-offs are related to sub-optimal external set-ups, including cabling, connectors, and probe station set-up7. By optimising cabling, connectors, probe card and DUT layouts, it is possible to monitor process variation of equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) to 1.3nm (suitable for the 90nm technology node) using an LCR meter at frequencies to 100 MHz, or to less than 0.9nm using the RF-CV approach. As previously discussed, the challenge of using an LCR meter for monitoring EOT variation involves getting correct capacitance measurements on very leaky gate materials. The effect of gate leakage in capacitance measurement can be represented by the dissipation factor (D). As gate oxide thickness decreases to less than 2nm, it is not unusual to see gate capacitance with D larger than 10 or even 100 at 1 MHz. The direct result of large D is a roll-off of the C-V curve in the inversion or accumulation region. Sometimes the measured capacitance value is negative8. It is important to understand how measurement error is related to D. For a parallel RC circuit, the capacitance error can be simplified as:
High-Throughput Fabrication of Antibacterial Starch/PBAT/AgNPs@SiO2 Films for Food Packaging

In this current work, antimicrobial films based on starch, poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), and a commercially available AgNPs@SiO2 antibacterial composite particle product were produced by using a melt blending and blowing technique. The effects of AgNPs@SiO2 at various loadings (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 wt%) on the physicochemical properties and antibacterial activities of starch/PBAT composite films were investigated. AgNPs@SiO2 particles were more compatible with starch than PBAT, resulting in preferential distribution of AgNPs@SiO2 in the starch phase. Infusion of starch/PBAT composite films with AgNPs@SiO2 marginally improved mechanical and water vapor barrier properties, while surface hydrophobicity increased as compared with films without AgNPs@SiO2. The composite films displayed superior antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. The sample loaded with 1 wt% AgNPs@SiO2 (SPA-1) showed nearly 90% inhibition efficiency on the tested microorganisms. Furthermore, a preliminary study on peach and nectarine at 53% RH and 24 °C revealed that SPA-1 film inhibited microbial spoilage and extended the product shelf life as compared with SPA-0 and commercial LDPE packaging materials. The high-throughput production method and strong antibacterial activities of the starch/PBAT/AgNPs@SiO2 composite films make them promising as antimicrobial packaging materials for commercial application.
Using the Internet for competitive advantage

Examines the possible use of the Internet as a business tool to gain competitive advantage. After a brief introduction to the Internet it defines Internet driven competitive advantage. Discusses the most commonly used Internet tools with relation to practical examples of their possible use as tools to gain a competitive advantage. Concludes that with the correct approach there is potential for successful use of the Internet by business.
3D deep geothermal reservoir imaging with wireline distributed acoustic sensing in two boreholes

Abstract. Geothermal exploration will help moving towards a low-carbon economy and provide a basis for green and sustainable growth. The development of new practical, reliable methods for geophysical characterisation of a reservoir has the potential to facilitate a broader application of deep geothermal energy. At the Groß Schönebeck in-situ laboratory, a unique vertical seismic profiling (VSP) dataset was recorded in two 4.3 km deep geothermal boreholes using fibre optic cables in early 2017. The experiment set-up consisted of 61 vibrator points organised in a spiral pattern around the well site to ensure a proper azimuth distribution in the target reservoir section. Data were processed using a standard workflow for VSP. As a result, a detailed 3-dimensional 0.75 × 1 × 4.5 km size image around the existing boreholes was created using the Kirchhoff migration algorithm with restricted aperture. The imaging resolved small-scale features in the reservoir essential for the future exploration of the geothermal research site. Borehole data with vertical resolution up to 16 m revealed the existing depth variations of the Elbe basis sandstone horizon at 4.08–4.10 km depth and indications of an unconformity in the area where we expect volcanic rocks. In addition, in the borehole data a complex interlaying with numerous pinch outs in the Upper Rotliegend reservoir section (3.8 to 4 km depth) was discovered. Thereby, we demonstrate that wireline fibre optic data can significantly contribute to exploration by providing an efficient and reliable method for deep geothermal reservoir imaging.
BENIFID EFFECT OF ISOLATED PROBIOTIC STRAIN

The aim of this research was to isolate Bifidobacterium spp. as probiotic strain from healthy infant stool. After that, study the role of this strain in lowering cholesterol level, enhancement of immunoglobulins ( IgG & IgM ) and effect of this strain on pathogenic bacteria in intestinal tract. The finally use this strain to produce functional dairy products. Twenty-three presumptive Bifidobacterium strains were isolated from healthy infant stools. On the basis of all of the identification tests twelve strains isolated from the stool were identified as B. breve, eight strains were identified as B. infants and three strains were identified as B. bifidum. B. breve (9/12 strains), B. infants (7/8 stains) and B.bifidum (2/3 strains) were tolerable to bile salt. However, B. breve (8/12 strains) and B. infants (5/8 strains) and B. bifidum (1/3 strains) were tolerant in pH 3.0. All strains are not able to grow at pH 1.0 or 2.0. Bifidobacterium breve (No. 7) that is characterized by low pH stability, bile salt tolerance and has antimicrobial activity was selected from healthy infant stools to be used as probiotic in mice nutrition This strain has significant role in lowering cholesterol level, enhancement of IgG and has positive effect on decrease count of E. coli and Staph. aureus in intestinal tract. On the other hand, the count of B . breve and organoleptic score of probiotic yogurt with this strain reached to high score during the storage period.
Precision position-control of piezoelectric actuators using charge feedback

The issue of precision position control is critical if piezoelectric actuator technology is to be applied in increasingly demanding applications. In one particular application, the NASA NAOMI project, piezoelectric actuators have been proposed as the pointing and focusing elements for thousands of small mirror-lenslets because of their fast response time and load- carrying ability. In this application the positions of these actuators must be precisely controlled both statically and dynamically to the nanometer level. This requirement necessitates a careful study of the concept and design of the driving electronics of the system. This paper is focused on finding an appropriate method for driving piezoelectric stack actuators for ultraprecision position and motion control. In this paper the theoretical basis of the electrical control of piezoelectric stack actuators is derived using the fundamental physical laws governing dielectrics and piezoceramics. It is shown that the relationships used for voltage control of piezoelectric actuators result from an approximation of the constitutive equations. An exact input/output relationship for piezoelectric actuators is derived and shows that displacement relies fundamentally on charge, not voltage. Experimental verification was obtained to illustrate the differences between driving piezoactuators with voltage control and charge control.
Fracture Risk Evaluation of Bone Metastases: A Burning Issue

Simple Summary Major progress has been achieved in stage-IV bone metastatic patients to control over the disease progression, thereby resulting in longer survival. Self-autonomy and return to physical activity are now frequent. Thus, assessment of the strength of tumoral bone has becoming an issue, especially with the rapid variations of bone tumoral aspect (from lytic to sclerosing and vice versa), that we can observe on treatment. This review will explain the current available imaging techniques, the limits of the existing fracture risk scores in bone metastasis and the new numerical simulation technics arising in biomechanics. Abstract Major progress has been achieved to treat cancer patients and survival has improved considerably, even for stage-IV bone metastatic patients. Locomotive health has become a crucial issue for patient autonomy and quality of life. The centerpiece of the reflection lies in the fracture risk evaluation of bone metastasis to guide physician decision regarding physical activity, antiresorptive agent prescription, and local intervention by radiotherapy, surgery, and interventional radiology. A key mandatory step, since bone metastases may be asymptomatic and disseminated throughout the skeleton, is to identify the bone metastasis location by cartography, especially within weight-bearing bones. For every location, the fracture risk evaluation relies on qualitative approaches using imagery and scores such as Mirels and spinal instability neoplastic score (SINS). This approach, however, has important limitations and there is a need to develop new tools for bone metastatic and myeloma fracture risk evaluation. Personalized numerical simulation qCT-based imaging constitutes one of these emerging tools to assess bone tumoral strength and estimate the femoral and vertebral fracture risk. The next generation of numerical simulation and artificial intelligence will take into account multiple loadings to integrate movement and obtain conditions even closer to real-life, in order to guide patient rehabilitation and activity within a personalized-medicine approach.
Panic behavior induces multiple endemic states and backward bifurcation

The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of drastic behavioral changes on the dynamics of infectious diseases. An SIS model with two classes of individuals with different susceptibilities is analyzed. It focuses in a transition function between both classes of susceptible individuals depending on the density of the infected population. A classification of all the possible bifurcation diagrams that the model can present is done. Specifically, some conditions for the simultaneous existence of backward bifurcation and multiple endemic states are shown.
Video-Mediated Collaborative Engineering Support

Unanticipated problems in maintenance and engineering frequently require collaborative work involving geographically distributed personnel. Real-time video will permit engineers and technicians to work together to resolve aircraft problems when personnel are based in different locations. The development and acceptance of video-based devices is also a necessary step toward the use of augmented reality systems in maintenance. A series of demonstrations and equipment trials were carried out with devices intended to permit remote collaboration. A comparison of still images and video of a typical maintenance task demonstrated a clear preference for motion imagery over still images. A system was assembled using consumer-level devices and software to enable real-time, remote video-based collaboration on technical issues. The system was readily accepted by maintenance technicians, information technology personnel, and engineers. Video imaging such as this has the potential to be paired with computer-generated graphics to create augmented reality scenes that, in the future, might guide maintenance work.
Efficacy of Autologous Blood Injection for Treatment of Chronic Recurrent Temporo-mandibular Joint Dislocation

Background: Many non-surgical and surgical procedures have been used to treat patients with chronic recurrent temporomandibular joint dislocation (CRTMJD). Autologous blood injection (ABI) represents a promising approach. Aim of the work: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of ABI in the treatment of patients with CRTMJD. Patients and Methods: This prospective comparative study involved patients with CRTMJD who were treated by arthrocentesis and ABI with those treated with arthrocentesis alone between January 2017 and January 2020. Analysis of clinical presentation, diagnosis, close observation of patients has been carried out. Results: 140 patients were included in this study, 87 were males and 53 were females. Their ages ranged between 16 to 82 years. They were randomly divided into two groups of 70 each. Group-1 received arthrocentesis followed by ABI and Group-2 received arthrocentesis alone. In group-1, only one ABI was required and was successful in 63 patients and reinjection was required in 7 patients. None of the patients need surgery due to re-injection failure. Conclusion: Positive results on this modality were observed, some questions are still noted about the effect of blood injection on the articular cartilage and on the development of fibrous or bony ankylosis.
The effect of leg ischemia/reperfusion injury on the liver in an experimental breast cancer model

Background/Aim: Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury occurs during breast cancer surgery, especially those involving a modified radical mastectomy, lumpectomy, and axillary lymph node dissection. Tissue damage and stress due to I/R alter immune system functions, especially those of the myeloid cells. The immunologic impact of this I/R injury on myeloid-derived cancerous cells remains unknown. We sought to investigate the effect of I/R injury in the extremity close the breast tumor location on myeloid cell population in the liver and liver metastasis. Methods: 4T1 breast tumors were created in the left inguinal breast region of the experimental animals. When the tumor reached 0.5 cm in diameter, ischemia was produced on the left down-extremity for 90 min and reperfusion was induced for short (3 days), middle (7 days), and long terms (14 days). At the end of the reperfusion period, proximal limbs and livers were harvested. The limb and liver samples were histopathologically examined with H&E staining. Immune cell percentages were determined in the liver by flow cytometry. Results: There was an increase in muscle fiber degeneration and disorganization in the I/R induced proximal legs on days 3 and 7 of I/R in both tumor free and tumor bearing animals with a further impact in tumor bearing mice. Even though I/R injury did not affect tumor metastasis to the liver, it had an impact on liver myeloid cell percentages in both tumor free and tumor bearing animals. Additionally, tumor bearing mice demonstrated higher myeloid cell percentages in both the pre-I/R and post-I/R experimental groups. There was a remarkable change in the levels of granulocytic, and monocytic myeloid cells and macrophages due to the I/R injury. Conclusion: With the formation of short-term I/R injury in a distant site, tumor development and/or seeding to metastasis sites after surgery could be prevented. This study contributes to the understanding of the inflammatory process after I/R injury occurring during interventions.