Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modals, Conditionals and Compositionality

This dissertation concerns three compositionality puzzles in the semantics of modality and conditionals. In particular, we will discuss modal concord, anankastic conditionals, and domain restricting if-clauses. Existing analyses of these phenomena, if compositional at all, achieve compositionality by fiddling with what the meaningful parts of the relevant constructions are. The present study improves on these analyses by reconciling compositionality with the assumption that all constituents involved are meaningful. I argue that for each puzzle the trick is to find the right semantics for the constituents involved
Meropenem-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers For Skin and Soft Tissue Infection Caused by Staphylococcus aureus: Formulation, Design, and Evaluation

Meropenem hydrochloride (MpM)-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers were designed for the effective management of skin infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus via topical route. The solvent evaporation tactic was preferred to develop nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs). Stearic acid was used as a solid fatty acid; oleic acid was used as liquid fatty acid and Tween 80 as a surfactant. The Staphylococcus aureus burden was analyzed by pharmacodynamic studies. The skin retention was analyzed by fluorescence microscopy. Spherical shape of NLCs was confirmed by TEM. The optimum particle size of the MpM-NLCs was ~ 126.5 ± 0.9 nm with 79.1 ± 2.3% entrapment (EE) and 0.967 mV zeta potential. The in vitro release studies revealed 81.5 ± 3.1% release of drug in 48 h, while the pure drug was almost completely released (98.4 ± 1.4%) within 24 h confirming the potential of NLCs for sustained topical drug delivery. Skin permeation study also revealed better permeation of drug from NLCs than of plain drug. The prepared MpM-NLCs when stored at 4 ± 2°C for 90 days were found to be more stable when the formulation was stored at 28 ± 2°C. The S. aureus burden was analyzed by evaluating the zone of inhibition (ZOI). The ZOI of MpM alone and MpM-NLC gel was measured and compared with that of the control group. The MpM was found significantly effective when its gel was prepared with NLCs because of its enhanced adhesion property occlusion and ability to sustain release. In overall, the study’s outcomes validated the relevance of NLC’s composition as a vehicle for topical MpM administration in skin diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus.
Numerical simulation of an experimental atrium fires in combined natural and forced ventilation by CFD

Abstract This study investigates the measurements data attained in Murcia Atrium fire tests (Gutiérrez-Montes, Sanmiguel-Rojas, Viedma, & Rein) using general CFD code, CFX-16.2 ( CFX-16.2, ANSYS, Inc.). Experiments were executed by burning heptane as a fuel for three different fires capacities, (1.32, 2.28 and 2.34 MW). Historically, CFX was validated with experimental data for compartment fires including natural ventilation only. In this paper validation was performed for developing fires during transient period in a large space, including the effect of combined natural and forced ventilation. Two different combustion models i.e. Non-combustion model and Eddy Dissipation Model (EDM) were used to represent the combustion of heptane. Four different approaches were employed to determine the predicted dynamic behavior of the smoke height and to evaluate the accuracy of CFX predictions. The results display CFX predictions have a reasonable concord with the experimental data. Therefore, CFX can be a valid tool for performance-based engineering to evaluate the smoke systems required for complex enclosed structures.
Temporal Organization of Episodic and Experience-near Semantic Autobiographical Memories: Neural Correlates and Context-dependent Connectivity

Abstract Autobiographical memory includes a representation of personal life events with a unique spatiotemporal context (episodic autobiographical memory) and factual self-knowledge (personal semantics). Whereas “experience-far” personal semantics have undergone complete abstraction, “experience-near” personal semantics are still linked to a spatiotemporal context. The representation of one's own past involves an autobiographical knowledge base, in the form of a personal timeline, along which autobiographical information is temporally organized into different lifetime periods. Commonalities and differences between brain networks supporting this temporal organization for autobiographical information with different contextual specificity, however, have not been investigated to date. Here, we used task-based fMRI to assess neural substrates of temporal ordering along the personal timeline for real autobiographical episodic and experience-near personal semantic memories. Within a distributed network, the left calcarine cortex was more strongly activated for episodic autobiographical memory than personal semantics, whereas the left ventromedial pFC and right posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), angular gyrus (AG), and anterior middle temporal gyrus (aMTG) showed stronger activation for personal semantics than episodic autobiographical memory. Findings were confirmed by analyses in independently derived ROIs. Generalized psychophysiological interaction analyses between the same regions showed that, during personal semantics compared with episodic autobiographical memory, memory category modulated activity in the left PCC and right PCC, AG, and aMTG. Findings provide insights on how personal events and facts are represented in the timescale of years, suggesting that the temporal organization of autobiographical memory exploits properties of situation models developed within posteromedial, lateral parietal, and medial prefrontal regions.
3D printing of inorganic-biopolymer composites for bone regeneration

In most cases, bone injuries heal without complications, however, there is an increasing number of instances where bone healing needs major clinical intervention. Available treatment options have severe drawbacks, such as donor site morbidity and limited availability for autografting. Bone graft substitutes containing growth factors would be a viable alternative, however they have been associated with dose-related safety concerns and lack control over spatial architecture to anatomically match bone defect sites. A 3D printing offers a solution to produce patient specific bone graft substitutes that are customized to the patient bone defect with temporal control over the incorporated therapeutics to maximize their efficacy. Inspired by the natural constitution of bone tissue, composites made of inorganic phases, such as nanosilicate particles, calcium phosphate, and bioactive glasses, combined with biopolymer matrices have been investigated as building blocks for the biofabrication of bone constructs. Besides capturing elements of the bone physiological structure, these inorganic/organic composites can be designed for specific cohesivity, rheological and mechanical properties, while both inorganic and organic constituents contribute to the composite bioactivity. This review provides an overview of 3D printed composite biomaterial-inks for bone tissue engineering. Furthermore, key aspects in biomaterial-ink design, 3D printing techniques, and the building blocks for composite biomaterial-inks are summarized.
symposium article Challenges treating older non-small cell lung cancer patients

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of malignancy-related mortality world-wide, in both men and women, with over a million cases diagnosed annually [1]. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for >80% of all lung cancers and, like most other cancers, is a disease of advanced age [2]. Because of the longer life span in the western world, the number of elderly patients with NSCLC is increasing, becoming a common problem which the oncology practitioner must face. Several considerations should be evaluated when treating elderly NSCLC patients. A fixed age limit does not exist considering that age limits of 65, 70, 75 or 80 years can still be found in the literature. However, 70 years of age may be considered as the lower boundary of senescence, because the incidence of age-related changes starts to increase after the age of 70 years [3]. Elderly patients tolerate chemotherapy poorly because of progressive organ failure related to age and co-morbidities. Decreased hepatic, renal and bone marrow functions have a negative impact on the degree of toxicity, in particular on cisplatin toxicity. A better understanding of the effects of chemotherapeutic agents in older patients and increased knowledge of pharmacokinetic data will help to determine their appropriate use in the elderly [4]. Co-morbid conditions, about twice as many as in the general population, need to be considered when caring for elderly patients [5]. The most important co-existing pathologies in lung cancer patients are cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, common among cigarette smokers. Moreover, among elderly persons it is common to find the presence of a geriatric syndrome, in which most functional reserve is exhausted. Generally, in these patients with NSCLC, chemotherapy should be avoided. Therefore, in order to plan treatment of elderly NSCLC patients, a multidimensional geriatric evaluation including not only co-morbidity assessment but also functional status, mental and nutritional status is needed. This review is focused on the state-of-art therapy in elderly patients affected by NSCLC.
Multi-Functional Six Ports SIW Microwave Component for X-band Applications

ABSTRACT A novel symmetric two layer six ports multi-functional microwave component was designed and presented in the present study. The proposed component consists of two 90-degree broadband double layer substrate integrated waveguide couplers and two T-shape power dividers. By exciting each port, the component could act as a −6 dB equal power divider, an unequal −3/−6 dB 90-degree coupler, as well as a −3 dB equal coupler. This component with mentioned conditions covers 23% frequency bandwidth with maximum magnitude and phase error of ±0.5 dB and ±0.6 degree in all bandwidths, respectively.
Changing the Protease Speciﬁcity for Activation of a Flavivirus, Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus (cid:1)

The infectivity of ﬂavivirus particles depends on a maturation process that is triggered by the proteolytic cleavage of the precursor of the M protein (prM). This activation cleavage is naturally performed by ubiquitous cellular proteases of the furin family, which typically recognize the multibasic sequence motif R-X-R/K-R. Previously, we demonstrated that a tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) mutant with an altered cleavage motif, R-X-R, produced immature, noninfectious particles that could be activated by exogenous trypsin, which cleaves after single basic residues. Here, we report the adaptation of this mutant to chymotrypsin, a protease speciﬁc for large, hydrophobic amino acid residues. Using selection pressure in cell culture, two different mutations conferring a chymotrypsin-dependent phenotype were identiﬁed. Surprisingly, one of these mutations (Ser85Phe) occurred three positions upstream of the natural cleavage site. The other mutation (Arg89His) arose at the natural cleavage position but involved a His residue, which is not a typical chymotrypsin cleavage site. Efﬁcient cleavage of protein prM and activation by the heterologous protease were conﬁrmed using various recombinant TBEV mutants. Mutants with only the originally selected mutations exhibited unimpaired export kinetics and were genotypically stable during at least six cell culture passages. However, in contrast to the wild-type virus ﬂaviviruses protease be be for the construction of vectors that can be activated on have tissue tropism and virulence.
innovative techniques A model of sleep-disordered breathing in the C57BL/6J mouse

M. J. J. A. Wil-son, A. Balbir, P. L. Smith, A. R. Schwartz, and C. P. O’Donnell. A model of sleep-disordered breathing in the C57BL/6J mouse. J Appl Physiol 91: 2758–2766, 2001. —To investigate the pathophysiological sequelae of sleep-disor-dered breathing (SDB), we have developed a mouse model in which hypoxia was induced during periods of sleep and was removed in response to arousal or wakefulness. An on-line sleep-wake detection system, based on the frequency and amplitude of electroencephalograph and electromyograph re-cordings, served to trigger intermittent hypoxia during periods of sleep. In adult male C57BL/6J mice ( n 5 5), the sleep-wake detection system accurately assessed wakefulness (97.2 6 1.1%), non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep (96.0 6 0.9%) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (85.6 6 5.0%). After 5 consecutive days of SDB, 554 6 29 (SE) hypoxic events were recorded over a 24-h period at a rate of 63.6 6 2.6 events/h of sleep and with a duration of 28.2 6 0.7 s. The mean nadir of fraction of inspired O 2 (F I O 2 ) on day 5 was 13.2 6 0.1%, and 137.1 6 13.2 of the events had a nadir F I O 2 , 10% O 2 . Arterial blood gases conﬁrmed that hypoxia of this magnitude lead to a signiﬁcant degree of hypoxemia. Furthermore, 5 days of SDB were associated with decreases in both NREM and REM sleep during the light phase compared with the 24-h postintervention period. We conclude that our murine model of SDB mimics the rate and magnitude of sleep-induced hypoxia, sleep fragmentation, and reduction in total sleep time found in patients with moderate to severe SDB in the clinical setting.
Edinburgh Explorer Coalgebraic Semantics for Timed Processes

We give a coalgebraic formulation of timed processes and their operational semantics. We model time by a monoid called a \time domain", and we model processes by \timed transition systems", which amount to partial monoid actions of the time domain or, equivalently, coalgebras for an \evolution comonad" generated by the time domain. All our examples of time domains satisfy a partial closure property, yielding a distributive law of a monad for total monoid actions over the evolution comonad, and hence a distributive law of the evolution comonad over a dual comonad for total monoid actions. We show that the induced coalgebras are exactly timed transition systems with delay operators. We then integrate our coalgebraic formulation of time qua timed transition systems into Turi and Plotkin’s formulation of structural operational semantics in terms of distributive laws. We combine timing with action via the more general study of the combination of two arbitrary sorts of behaviour whose operational semantics may interact. We give a modular account of the operational semantics for a combination induced by that of each of its components. Our study necessitates the investigation of products of comonads. In particular, we characterise when a monad lifts to the category of coalgebras for a product comonad, providing constructions with which one can readily calculate.
EFFECT OF SOME HEAVY METALS STRESS ON MICROPROPAG ATED

: Micropropagated plants were generated from canola plant ( Brassica napus L.) under some heavy metals stress to assess their responses to different concentrations of Ni, Co, and Pb. The exposure to different metal concentrations induced reductions in shoot and root length, as well as their fresh and dry weights. In addition, chlorophylls a and b and carotenoid contents were reduced. Such reductions were concomitant with increases in total soluble sugars, proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), ascorbic acid (ASA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and total phenol contents. Moreover, the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were increased in micropropagated plants parallel with decreases in peroxidase (POX) and ascorbate oxidase (ASO) activities. The present data indicated that micropropagated plants grown under heavy metal stress are capable to tolerate and reduce the uptake and translocation of Ni, Co, and Pb elements.
Uncoupling of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) fragments is related to self-injury <

Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) contains several interesting, behaviorally active peptides. Release patterns of these fragments have been related to bizarre episodes of self-injurious behavior (SIB) among autistic individuals. Moreover, elevation in b -endorphin ( b E) but not ACTH levels was associated with a positive response to an acutely administered, centrally acting opioid blocker among autistic individuals exhibiting SIB. In the present study, POMC fragments were measured in 12 self-injurious patients before and after long term (3 month) treatment with an opiate blocker naltrexone (NTX). POMC fragments were sampled from blood collected at the beginning of the baseline and placebo-controlled treatment phases of the study. Results indicated that the co-release (coupling) of POMC fragments were stable over time and the proﬁle of POMC fragments in plasma predicted the effectiveness of a CNS acting drug in autistic subjects who self-injure. © 2000 Elsevier
CMAR_A_274605 11803..11812

1Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, People’s Republic of China Background: Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular tumor in adults with a high incidence of metastasis. Standard care therapies for UM include enucleation and radiation, which are minimally effective in prolonging patient survival. Oncolytic virus treatment has become a new trend in cancer field. Of which, oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) therapy is one of the most effective antitumor treatments. Here, we established an oncolytic HSV-1 encoding granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), tested its efficacy in UM therapy, and investigated the innate immune response induced by this virus. Methods: Oncolytic HSV-1 expressing GM-CSF (HSV-GM-CSF) was constructed, then verified using qPCR and Western blot assays. Cell viability assays and transmission electron microscopy were conducted on three UM cell lines, MUM2B, 92.1, and MP41, to assess the cell-killing ability and virus infection of this virus. For in vivo experiments, BALB/c-nude mice in situ UM xenografts were established to testify the efficacy of the oncolytic virus, oncolytic HSV-1, and HSV-GM-CSF groups, respectively. IVIS images, ocular volumes, mice weights, and survivals were tracked to see the efficacy of the virus. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry analyses were conducted to demonstrate the immune activity after virus treatment. Results: All three tested UM cell lines were sensitive to infection by HSV-GM-CSF. In vivo xenograft experiments revealed that oncolytic virus HSV-1 reduced UM tumor volume and that oncolytic virus HSV-1 armed with GM-CSF enhanced the antitumor effect compared with unmodified HSV-1. The bodyweights of untreated control group mice were significantly lower than those of mice in either virus-treated group (HSV-1 or HSV-GM-CSF). Follow-up survivals were prolonged in the virus-treated groups compared with the control group and were prolonged to a greater extent in the HSV-GM-CSF group than in the HSV-1 group. Macrophage stimulation was observed following HSV-GM-CSF treatment. Conclusion: Our results indicate that the recombinant oncolytic virus HSV-GM-CSF is a potential therapeutic treatment for UM.
Separation Characteristics of Dissolved Gases from Water Concurrently Variable Mixed with Exhalations for the Hollow Fiber Membrane

Water contains dissolved oxygen that a fish needs to breathe. It is important to increase the amounts of separation of dissolved oxygen from water for diverse applications using the separation system. In this paper, a separation system of dissolved gases from water concurrently variable mixed with the exhalations using a compressor is proposed. This system takes use of exhalations to increase the amounts of separation of dissolved oxygen from water. A compressor with variable off-time and on-time is used to control the exhalations mixed with inlet water. Exhalations contain some portion of carbon dioxide, oxygen, and nitrogen. Separation of dissolved gases containing dissolved oxygen is enhanced by using exhalations. The amounts of separation and the compositions of carbon dioxide and oxygen are measured. Higher amounts of separation can make the size of the separation device smaller, and then, application areas are diversified. Keywords—Concurrently, variable mixed, exhalations, separation, hollow fiber.
Mental rotation in augmented reality. University of Oulu, Degree Programme in Computer Science and Engineering. Bachelor ’s Thesis,

Visual mental imagery is an experience resembling the visual perception, but without the presence of a corresponding external stimuli. Mental rotation means the assumed ability to perceive visual mental imagery from other perspectives, in other words mentally rotate them into different angles. from different perspectives. Mental rotation test (MRT) is an experiment developed for measuring this ability. In practice, MRT is carried out by presenting a participant an object that has to be mentally rotated in order to pass the test. Augmented reality (AR) refers to the technology of adding virtual information into the sensory experience of the surrounding world. The originating idea of this bachelor’s thesis was, that imagination can be augmented as well with the same technology. Because imagination is difficult to measure and scientifically not well understood, the scope was limited to visual mental imagery. The aim of the thesis was to research, if performance increases in mental rotation test, when the objects are displayed in augmented reality, compared to a common personal computer display. For this thesis, literature on augmented reality and mental imagery research was explored. On this basis, an application was developed to carry out an experiment similar to the original MRT. Participants (N = 8) performed the test in augmented reality and on a common laptop display. By comparing the results, it was indicatively deducted (p = 0,24) that augmented reality does not significantly enhance, nor does it diminish, the ability to rotate visual mental imagery. However, some notable differences were observed from individual participants.
Numerical simulation of supersonic film cooling in a rearward-facing slot

Supersonic film cooling tangentially ejected through a half Laval nozzle set in a backward-facing slot was numerically simulated to investigate the structures of flowfield and the mechanisms of heat transfer after the slot. In particular, changes in flowfield near the turning point in the cooling effectiveness curve were studied. The turning point is defined by extrapolation of the cooling effectiveness curve using a power-law relationship. The point corresponds to the streamwise position where the hot mainstream is reaching the wall protected by the film coolant and to the disappearance of the unsmooth transition points in streamwise velocity profiles, where the growth rate of velocity in wall normal direction changes gradually from one state to another. The transition of velocity becomes smooth downstream of the turning point. The unsmooth transition point also exists in other profiles of flow parameters, such as the mole fraction of film gas and the total temperature of the fluid, which are indicators of the mixing extent between the mainstream and film coolants. Moreover, the unsmooth transition point is more evident in the film coolant of nitrogen than that of helium due to the slower drop rate of effectiveness in the current configuration of the supersonic film cooling.