Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The biomechanics of the locust ovipositor valves: a unique digging apparatus

The female locust has a unique mechanism for digging in order to deposit its eggs deep in the ground. It utilizes two pairs of sclerotized valves to displace the granular matter, while extending its abdomen as it propagates underground. This ensures optimal conditions for the eggs to incubate, and provides them with protection from predators. Here, two major axes of operation of the digging valves are identified, one in parallel to the propagation direction of the ovipositor, and one perpendicular to it. The direction-dependent biomechanics of the locust major, dorsal digging valves are quantified and analyzed, under forces in the physiological range and beyond, considering hydration level, as well as the females’ age, or sexual maturation state. Our findings reveal that the responses of the valves to compression forces in the specific directions change upon sexual maturation to follow their function, and depend on environmental conditions. Namely, in the physiological force range, the valves are resistant to mechanical failure. In addition, mature females, which lay eggs, have stiffer valves, up to roughly nineteen times the stiffness of the pre-mature locusts. The valves are stiffer in the major working direction, corresponding to soil shuffling and compression, compared to the direction of propagation. Hydration of the valves reduces their stiffness but increases their resilience against failure. These findings provide mechanical and materials guidelines for the design of novel non-drilling excavating tools, including 3D-printed anisotropic materials based on composites. Statement of significance The female locust lay its eggs underground in order to protect them from predators and to provide them with optimal conditions for hatching. In order to dig into the ground, it uses two pairs of valves: The ventral pair is plugged as a wedge, while the dorsal pair performs the digging of the oviposition tunnel. We study the mechanical response of the digging valves, depending on age, hydration level and direction of operation. Our findings show that during the course of roughly two weeks in the life of the adult female, the digging valves become up to nineteen-fold stiffer against failure, in order to fulfill their function as diggers. While hydration reduces the stiffness, it also increases the resilience against failure and renders the valves unbreakable within the estimated physiological force range and beyond. The digging valves are consistently stiffer in the digging direction than in the perpendicular direction, implying on their form-follows-function design. Graphical Abstract
Using Rogowski coils for transient current measurements

In recent years the Rogowski-coil method of measuring electric current has developed from a ‘laboratory curiosity’ to a versatile measuring system with many applications throughout industry and in research. The technique possesses many features which offer an advantage over iron-cored current measuring devices and these are well illustrated by considering how it can be used for measuring transient currents. The paper describes the principle of operation of Rogowski coils and the practical aspects of using them and gives several examples of their use in making transient measurements. The Rogowski coil is a conceptually simple device. Its theory of operation illustrates some basic principles of electromagnetism applied in a practical device. The coil itself provides an elegant demonstration of Ampere's Law and, because of its inherent linearity, the response of a coil under extreme measuring situations is much easier to treat theoretically than iron-cored measuring instruments. The educational aspects of studying Rogowski coils should not be overlooked.
Concert Hall Acoustics and Audience Perception

Concert hall design is known to be a compromise between construction features (such as the architecture/shape of the hall and the number of seats) and sound qualities (such as the clarity, loudness, and reverberation). In this article, we discuss the physical properties of unamplified concert halls and their connection to the perception of music and reverberation by humans. Our goal is to quantify the beneficial effects of reverberation on musical performance: the blending of arpeggios into chords (referred to as harmonic blending), the magical way the sound of a good hall can dance around the listener in the space between notes (by running reverberation and envelopment), and the creation/perception of a unified ensemble from a group of individual musicians. We will use the connection of physics and psychophysics to shed light on why highly rated concert halls have widely different acoustics and how their acoustic properties vary greatly within the hall while retaining acceptable sound quality. We will shed light on how much reverberation is needed in a hall and how can we improve the concert hall acoustics through architectural and digital signal processing (DSP) solutions.
The transfinite element method for modeling MMIC devices

A numerical procedure called the transfinite-element method is used in conjunction with the planar waveguide model to analyze monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) devices. By using analytic basis functions together with finite-element approximation functions in a variational technique, the transfinite-element method can be used to determine the fields and scattering parameters for a wide variety of stripline and microstrip devices. <<ETX>>
Effectiveness and Efficiency in Associations of Parents and Friends of the Disabled Persons From Minas Gerais

As social management is a current discussion in organizational studies, this article seeks to understand and explain the effectiveness and efficiency of the Associações de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais (APAE, Associations of Parents and Friends of the Disabled Persons) in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, based on their statutory mission that works as a guideline for their practices. The analysis is based on the point of view of APAEs’ managers under the three dimensions of their mission: services rendering, improvement of the quality of services and defense of the rights of persons with intellectual disability, understanding the dimensions as systems interacting with the external environment, based on a survey applied to a representative sample of 199 randomly selected APAEs, segmented into three pre-defined clusters according to size. This questionnaire was self-administered by the managers and directors of the APAEs from the sample. It comprises a series of questions based on 54 indicators presented in the three dimensions observed in the statutory mission of the APAEs. In order to analyze the effectiveness and efficiency based on those indicators, effectiveness and efficiency indices were built. These indices were submitted to several statistical analysis techniques, taking the systemic theory and the concepts of effectiveness and efficiency as references. The results obtained indicate the existence of structural homogeneity on the APAEs, regardless of their eight clusters distributed by quartiles according to their different levels of effectiveness and efficiency (low, average, high, and very high). It was not possible to achieve an explanatory quantitative model of the effectiveness and efficiency levels of the APAEs considering the influence of the internal and external variables to which they were related.
TCRM_A_336771 1353..1370

Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Introduction: Malaria is one of the infectious diseases with substantial risks for pregnant women, the fetus and the newborn child. Thus, prevention and treatment of malaria with safe and effective drugs is of paramount importance. Pregnant women are mostly excluded from clinical trials, and systematic approaches of pharmacovigilance in pregnancy are limited. This means the safety and efficacy of antimalarial agents during pregnancy are unclear. Purpose: This study was designed to carry out a systematic review and aggregate data metaanalysis of literature published on efficacy and safety of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) for uncomplicated malaria in pregnant women. Methods: A search of literature published between 1998 to 2020 on efficacy and safety of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) in pregnant women was made using Cochrane Library, Medline and the Malaria in Pregnancy Consortium Library. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers, and any discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Metaanalysis was carried out using Open Meta-Analyst software. Random effects model was applied, and the heterogeneity of studies was evaluated using Higgins I. Results: Twenty-four studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in the final assessment. Overall, days 28 to 63 malaria treatment success rate was 96.1%. Overall days 28 to 63 cure rates for AL, AS+AQ, AS+MQ, DHA+PQ, AS+ATQ+PG and AS+SP were 95.1%, 92.2%, 97.0%,94.3%, 96.5% and 97.4%, respectively. Comparison of ACTs with non-ACTs revealed that the risk of treatment failure was substantially lower in patients treated with ACTs than with nonACTs (risk ratio 0.20, 95% C.I. 0.09–0.43). The overall prevalences of miscarriage, stillbirth and congenital anomalies were 0.3%, 2.1% and 1.0%, respectively, and found to be comparable among various ACTs. There was comparable tolerability across ACTs during pregnancy. Conclusion: ACTs demonstrated a high cure rate, safety and tolerability against Plasmodium falciparum infection in pregnant women. The higher treatment success and comparable tolerability could be used as an input for decision makers to support the continued usage of ACTs for treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in pregnant women.
Photonic Generation of Microwave Signals Using Single Laser Technique

photonic generation methods of microwave signal employing single LASER (light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation) technique and Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) are presented in this paper. The impact of the finite extinction ratio (ER) of MZM and fiber dispersion on the generated microwave signal is discussed. This system is compared with other reported microwave generation schemes. The results of the system are simulated using OptiSystem12 software.
Prevalence of Depression in Patients with Visual Impairment in Cataract: A Systematic Literature Review

Introduction. Depression is a chronic and often recurrent psychiatric disorder among older people, and its association with cataracts has not been well defined. Several studies have shown that depression is a prevalent mental health problem in ophthalmological practice and is often unrecognized or untreated. A systematic review was conducted to investigate the prevalence of depression in patients with visual impairment in cataracts.Methods. A literature search was performed on PubMed and Medline in the last 10 years (2011 to 2021). The search strategy used the following terms: (prevalence) and (visual impairment or blindness) and (cataract) and (depression or depressive symptoms). Of the 544 electronics, 226 articles were selected in free full text and 10 studies were identified as being possibly relevant. Results. Depression was associated with visual impairment in all studies. The prevalence of depression is higher in patients with eye disease.Conclusion. The prevalence of depression among eye disease patients was higher than that in healthy people. Cataract surgery is associated with an improvement in depressive symptomatology. More research is needed to identify effective strategies for the prevention and management of depression in patients with cataracts or visual impairment.
Comparative Study on Microbial Communities of Soil, Grape Must and Wine Fermentation of Cabernet Sauvignon Inoculated with three Commercial Yeast of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Corresponding Author: Jie Wang College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei, 071000, China Email: wangjie@hebau.edu. cn Abstract: This study examined the microbial diversity in soil, grape must and wine fermentation of Cabernet Sauvignon inoculated with three different starters (S01: Xinjiang Saccharomyces cerevisiae CEC01; SCA: Ningxia Saccharomyces cerevisiae CECA; S96: Saccharomyces cerevisiae AWRI 796) using a high-throughput sequencing technique. The results showed that 227 bacterial genera and 20 fungi genera were shared in all samples, consisting of Saccharomyces, Filobasidium, Colletotrichum, Alternaria by Venn diagram analysis. Principle component analysis showed the microbiota structures between S01, SCA and S96 fermentation were similar, the major bacterial genera were Pseudomonas, unclassified_f_Enterobacteriaceae and Lactobacillus, whereas the major fungi genus was Saccharomyces. The biomarkers of bacterial genera in S01, SCA and S96 groups were detected using LEfSe analysis, in which Komagataeibacter, Micromonospora, Streptomyces, Brevibacterium and Agromyces were core microorganisms in the S01 group, SCA fermentation increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Oenococcus, family Ruminococcaceae was dominant in the S96 group. The distinctions in fungi communities between S01, SCA and S96 group were not observed during the fermentation. Understanding of microbial diversity could aid to promote the formation of regional characteristics and the development of high-quality wines through the management of existing microorganisms in future.
Subacute Thyroiditis Presenting as Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension

Background Several case reports have illustrated a rare neurological manifestation, idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), in patients with thyrotoxicosis. However, none were diagnosed with thyroiditis. We report the case of a patient with subacute thyroiditis who presented with severe intractable headache due to IIH. Case Presentation. A 36-year-old woman visited Lampang Hospital in February 2021 complaining of neck pain and progressive severe intractable headache. Her vital signs and neurological examination were normal. Thyroid examination revealed a single 1 cm right thyroid nodule. A computed tomography (CT) scan of her brain illustrated diffuse brain edema. However, CT angiography and venography of the brain did not show abnormalities. The opening pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid was elevated (27 cmH2O). The free triiodothyronine level was 6.19 pg/mL, free thyroxine was 2.32 ng/dL, and thyroid-stimulating hormone was 0.0083 μIU/mL. Anti-Tg was positive at a low titer, but anti-TPO was negative. TRAb was also negative. Methimazole and acetazolamide were prescribed and monitored. The symptoms resolved completely within 2 weeks of onset. Thyroid hormones had returned to normal by 8 weeks. Conclusion This is the first case report of subacute thyroiditis presenting with IIH.
Risk and vulnerability management, project agility and resilience: a comparative analysis

The main objective of this paper is to present a critical analysis of the project management literature on four concepts; risk management, vulnerability management, project agility and project resilience. The goal is to understand the strengths and weaknesses of these concepts to deal with disruptive events through the development of a conceptual framework that captures their differences and convergences. Therefore, a review of recent literature from international journals, specialized mainly in project risk management, vulnerability management, project agility, and project resilience has been conducted. A systematic literature review is adopted to compare the four key concepts of this study and to draw conclusions. A case from the information technology field is used to better illustrate the comparison.Results from this study show that risk management and vulnerability management are proactive concepts focusing on the management of known events or actions. Alternatively, project agility is a reactive concept that aims to adapt to changes, but not necessarily disruptive events. Project resilience is a mix concept – proactive and reactive – focusing on recovering from known and unknown disruptive events. In addition, this comparative analysis and the conceptual framework developed can be used to exploit future areas of research and exhibit new opportunities where project management best practices can be improved to deal with disruptive events.
A Modular Approach to Non-Contact Ultrasonic Testing of Composites

Ultrasonic testing is increasingly utilized for verification of industrial composite materials. Air-coupled ultrasound has clear advantages compared to coupling techniques. The new technique - electronic hardware, probes, software, scanning systems - is predominantly used at the relatively low frequencies which are needed for the air coupled methods. On the other hand, the physical properties of plastic materials require the consideration of pecularities such as slower sound velocities, stronger attenuation and dispersion. The system is directed to practically usable sensitivity. Furthermore, the modular approach is aiming to higher testing speeds to meet practical needs. Different scanning are implemented ranging from scanning modules to robot supported testing. It is important to note that the image generation of flaws by scans is the first step only. The real challenge arises from the automatic differentiation between simple material inhomogeneities or unimportant distortions and relevant defects. The emphasis of the development will be on the automatic flaw classification under practical circumstances such as in production lines. A modular and open software structure have been chosen in order to enable flexible data processing on different levels enabling the implementation different filters, algorithms and classification tools in the processing chains and costumized visualisations . The air-coupled experiments are exemplified on composite parts of different processing techniques, shapes, sizes and defects structure.
GPR Analysis of a Masonry Arch for Structural Evaluation of historical bridges

Many of masonry arch bridges are ancient structures still in use within the transportation infrastructure, and they require a constant diagnosis of their structural integrity. In the last decades, non-destructive testing has been recommended for evaluation in order to preserve their historical character. In this work, a multidisciplinary approach to assess masonry arches is presented. A GPR survey of the Cernadela bridge was carried out using the 250, 500 and 800 MHz antennas. The main goal was to obtain relevant unknown parameters such as the inner ring stone thickness of arches for later structural analysis by analytical modelling. Photogrammetric methods were also employed in order to provide the precise external geometry of the bridge. Results show that it is possible to determine the ring stone thickness, which can be valuable information for engineers in order to perform an exhaustive assessment of the load carrying capacity of the bridge.
Negotiating Christian Cultural Heritage: Christmas in Schools and Public Service Media

This article shows how Christmas in schools and public service media for children (PSM) involves negotiation and renewal of Christian cultural heritage. Across the studied cases from Norway and Denmark, we find that the institutions involved seek to realize community. However, community is approached differently in different settings. It is either understood restoratively as a process in which children, including immigrant children, become part of an existing societal community, or constructively as establishing an inclusive community across cultural and religious divides. A major finding is that activities associated with Christianity such as school services are framed in a language of ‘museumification’ and not as part of a living religious practice with the capacity to change and transform. Whereas Islam is positioned as a ‘religious other’, Christianity understood as culture facilitates creative heritage making, establishing community across religious divides. Contrary to political rhetoric, Christian cultural heritage in schools and PSM is by and large not dominated by a safeguarding nationalistic discourse. Rather, traditions and activities related to Christianity are negotiated and appropriated for the benefit of an inclusive community. A premise for making this succeed in schools and PSM is to negotiate Christian cultural heritage as culture, not as religion.
Multilingual Neural Machine Translation System for 7 Turkic-Russian Language Pairs

This article presents the results of experiments on the use of various methods and algorithms in creating machine translation systems for 7 Russian-Turkic language pairs. We proposed a semi-automatic procedure and created parallel corpora with a total volume of about 7.9 million sentence pairs. As a basic algorithm, we used a neural network approach based on the Transformer architecture. For the first time experiments were conducted for the Turkic languages on the use of transfer learning based on united Russian-Turkic parallel corpus. Experiments show that the systems fine-tuned on the base multilingual system are superior in quality to the basic Russian-Turkic translators. As the results of our last experiment, we have shown that a single multilingual model trained on the united Russian-Turkic corpus with additional language tags can show results comparable to fine-tuned models.
Methodology of Mathematical Error-Based Tuning Sliding Mode Controller

Design a nonlinear controller for second order nonlinear uncertain dynamical systems is one of the most important challenging works. This paper focuses on the design of a chattering free mathematical error-based tuning sliding mode controller (MTSMC) for highly nonlinear dynamic robot manipulator, in presence of uncertainties. In order to provide high performance nonlinear methodology, sliding mode controller is selected. Pure sliding mode controller can be used to control of partly known nonlinear dynamic parameters of robot manipulator. Conversely, pure sliding mode controller is used in many applications; it has an important drawback namely; chattering phenomenon which it can causes some problems such as saturation and heat the mechanical parts of robot manipulators or drivers. In order to reduce the chattering this research is used the switching function in presence of mathematical error-based method instead of switching function method in pure sliding mode controller. The results demonstrate that the sliding mode controller with switching function is a model-based controllers which works well in certain and partly uncertain system. Pure sliding mode controller has difficulty in handling unstructured model uncertainties. To solve this problem applied mathematical model-free tuning method to sliding mode controller for adjusting the sliding surface gain ( λ ). Since the sliding surface gain ( λ) is adjusted by mathematical model free-based tuning method, it is nonlinear and continuous. In this research new λ is obtained by the previous λ multiple sliding surface slopes updating factor �α�. Chattering free mathematical error-based tuning sliding mode controller is stable controller which eliminates the chattering phenomenon without to use the boundary layer saturation function. Lyapunov stability is proved in mathematical error-based tuning sliding mode controller with switching (sign) function. This
The technical writer's problem space: a survey of strategies and attitudes

The author compares novice and experienced professional writers in an attempt to understand their problem solving activities as they create technical manuals. She addresses 21 questions from a survey administered to the IBM Information Development community in Kingston, New York. She outlines three main activities that writers engage in during the writing process: generating ideas, organizing ideas and translating ideas into text. Within each of these main activities, the goals, constraints, and actions of writers are discussed. <<ETX>>