Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IONS IN THE LINACS OF FUTURE LINEAR COLLIDERS

We consider two principal effects of these ions: first, they provide skew fields which cause transverse betatron coupling and increase the vertical emittance of the flat beams, and, second, the ion fields increase the rate of fil­ amentation, making correction of the emittance dilutions more difficult; this could lead to tighter alignment toler­ ances. Both of these effects are verified with simulations. We will not consider other potential limitations that the lOns Impose. We will consider these effects in four illustrative linear collider designs [1]: the NLC, the old NLC design, the DESY S-band design, and the Russian design, VLEPP; parameters for the linacs are listed in Table 1. In all cases, the emittances listed are 40% smaller than the emittance specified at the IP, allowing for 60% emittance dilution in the linacs, collimators, and final foci. In addition, we assumed that the (3 functions scale with the square root of the beam energy. The designs will not conform to this scaling exactly, but it roughly approximates the growth of the beta functions along the linacs. Finally, note that the NLC design requires two bunch compressions and thus the linac is divided into two sections: a short S-band linac from 2 GeV to 15 Gev, referred to as the NLC pre-linac, and the main X-band linac that accelerates the beam to the final energy.
Use of artificial intelligence for the diagnosis of cholesteatoma

Accurate diagnosis of cholesteatomas is crucial. However, cholesteatomas can easily be missed in routine otoscopic exams. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have performed well in medical image classification, so we evaluated their use for detecting cholesteatomas in otoscopic images.
RKKY interaction in one- and two-dimensional electron gases

Institute for Material Science Problems, Academy of Science of Ukraine, Chernivtsi, Vilde 5, 274000, Ukraine~Received 13 April 1998! The one-loop diagram calculation of the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida exchange interaction in one andtwo dimensions is done. The method allows us to handle correctly the nonanalytical behavior of the integrandin the range function in the one-dimensional electron gas. @S0163-1829~98! 01732-9#
GAPDH Is a Novel Ferroptosis-Related Marker and Correlates with Immune Microenvironment in Lung Adenocarcinoma

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a prevalent form of lung cancer with high morbidity and fatality rates. Ferroptosis is a type of programmed cell death that is iron-dependent. Recent findings have suggested that ferroptosis inducers have promising prospects for the therapy of LUAD. However, ferroptosis-related gene expression in LUAD and its relationship with the tumor prognosis and tumor immune microenvironment remain unknown. We identified a total of 638 ferroptosis-related genes, built a LUAD ferroptosis-related risk model (FRRM) with the help of Least Absolute Shrinkage Selection Operator (LASSO) regression analysis based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, split LUAD patients into high- and low-risk clusters, and verified the model utilizing the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The results of the FRRM’s principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated its strong predictive power. Further, univariate and multivariate Cox and AUC curve analyses demonstrated that the model was independent of other clinical traits and served as an independent prognostic factor. The nomogram demonstrated strong predictive power for overall survival, according to calibration plots. We also explored variations in clinical characteristics, immune cell infiltration, immune-related function, and functional pathways between the high- and low-risk groups. Additionally, we used a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of various genes in the two groups to search for potential target genes. GAPDH was then chosen for a follow-up investigation. An analysis was performed on the relationship between GAPDH and variations in survival prognosis, clinical traits, immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoints, and immunotherapy. In vitro tests further supported the probable functions of GAPDH as a ferroptosis marker in LUAD. In conclusion, a novel ferroptosis-related prognostic gene, GAPDH, was discovered, whose expression was connected to the tumor immune microenvironment. The combination of immunotherapy and the targeting of GAPDH to induce ferroptosis in LUAD may provide a novel therapeutical option.
Surface acoustic wave nebulization on nanocrystalline ZnO film

Surface acoustic wave(SAW) nebulization/atomization has been realised on thin ZnOfilm based SAWdevices. The surface acoustic wave nebulization (SAWN) process has been observed to produce significant mist generation and ejected satellitedroplets. By modifying the geometry of the interdigitated transducers to reduce the wavelengths from 400 μm to 120 μm, higher frequency SAWN has been achieved by increasing radio frequency driving frequencies from 11.8 MHz to 37.2 MHz, respectively. Compared with the commonly used LiNbO3 SAWN devices,ZnOfilmdevices exhibit better thermal dissipation, and to date, they have shown no susceptibility to substrate failure during fabrication or operation. They also have the added advantage of the technology being suitable for direct integration with microsystems and integrated circuit microelectronics.
Dynamic Regulation of DNA Methylation and Brain Functions

Simple Summary DNA methylation is involved in biological processes including neurogenesis, aging, and the pathogenesis of brain disorders by the regulation of gene expression. A comprehensive understanding of dynamic DNA methylation changes during development and aging and potential regulatory mechanisms in brain disorders could promote future therapeutic prevention and drug development. Abstract DNA cytosine methylation is a principal epigenetic mechanism underlying transcription during development and aging. Growing evidence suggests that DNA methylation plays a critical role in brain function, including neurogenesis, neuronal differentiation, synaptogenesis, learning, and memory. However, the mechanisms underlying aberrant DNA methylation in neurodegenerative diseases remain unclear. In this review, we provide an overview of the contribution of 5-methycytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxylcytosine (5hmC) to brain development and aging, with a focus on the roles of dynamic 5mC and 5hmC changes in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and Huntington’s disease (HD). Identification of aberrant DNA methylation sites could provide potential candidates for epigenetic-based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases.
Facile Preparation of Cobalt Nanoparticles Encapsulated Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Sponge for Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction

The facile preparation of non-noble metal nanoparticle loaded carbon nanomaterials is promising for efficient oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysis. Herein, a facile preparation strategy is proposed to prepare nitrogen-doped carbon sponge loaded with fine cobalt nanoparticles by the direct pyrolysis of the cobalt ions adsorbed polymeric precursor. The polymeric sponge precursor with continuous framework and high porosity is formed by the self-assembly of a poly(amic acid). Taking advantage of the negatively charged surface and porous structure, cobalt ions can be efficiently adsorbed into the polymeric sponge. After pyrolysis, fine cobalt nanoparticles covered by carbon layers are formed, while the sponge-like structure of the precursor is also well-preserved in order to give cobalt nanoparticles loaded nitrogen-doped carbon sponges (Co/CoO@NCS) with a high loading content of 44%. The Co/CoO@NCS exhibits promising catalytic activity toward ORR with a half-wave potential of 0.830 V and a limiting current density of 4.71 mA cm−2. Overall, we propose a facile polymer self-assembly strategy to encapsulate transition metal nanoparticles with high loading content on a nitrogen-doped carbon sponge for efficient ORR catalysis.
A search for substellar companions to solar-type stars

Les donnees d'observations des vitesses radiales relatives de 16 etoiles (12 naines rouges et 4 sous-geantes) sont analysees en detail pour tenter de detecter la presence de composantes planetaires (de type naine brune par exemple). Deux d'entre elles, χ 1 ori A et γ Cep presentent de grandes variations de vitesses (quelques km/s) probablement causees par des compagnons stellaires. Sept autres etoiles presentent de petites variations a long terme dont l'attribution a des composantes secondaires ayant plusieurs fois la masse de Jupiter est discutee
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Different Irrigant Activation Techniques in Removing the Smear Layer and Opening the Dentinal Canals: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study

Background Although irrigation is one of the most important stages during root canal treatment, it is not possible to guarantee the entry of irrigants to all the areas in the root canal, especially in the apical third. Therefore, the activation of irrigants can stimulate and help the irrigants to access hard-to-reach places within the root canal system. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the opening of the dentinal canals with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) using different irrigant activation techniques, such as intracanal heating activation, sonic activation, and ultrasonic activation, along the walls of the root canals in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds. Methodology The study sample consisted of 36 single-canal premolars, which were randomly divided into the following three equal groups according to the method of activation used: group 1 (n = 12), which involved heating activation inside the root canals, group 2 (n = 12), which involved sonic activation, and group 3 (control; n = 12), which involved ultrasonic activation. Afterward, dental crowns were cut to standardize the working length by 18 mm and were then prepared using the ProTaper Next system up to size X2. Moreover, the irrigant was activated for each group separately, and the teeth were extracted and prepared for SEM. Three images were taken for each sample (i.e., coronal third, middle third, and apical third) at ×2,000 magnification. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results When studying the removal of the smear layer and the opening of the dentinal canal under ×2,000 magnification, there were no statistically significant differences in the coronal and middle third between the three studied groups. However, statistically significant differences were found in the apical third, where the ultrasonic activation group was the best, followed by the sonic activation group, and the heating activation group. Conclusions All methods of activation were effective in removing the smear layer and opening the dentinal canals with the advantage of ultrasonic activation in the rest of the groups. The intracanal heating irrigant activation proved to be similar to the effectiveness of sonic activation and close to ultrasonic activation.
Genomic Sequence of Canadian Chenopodium berlandieri: A North American Wild Relative of Quinoa

Chenopodium berlandieri (pitseed goosefoot) is a widespread native North American plant, which was cultivated and consumed by indigenous peoples prior to the arrival of European colonists. Chenopodium berlandieri is closely related to, and freely hybridizes with the domesticated South American food crop C. quinoa. As such it is a potential source of wild germplasm for breeding with C. quinoa, for improved quinoa production in North America. The C. berlandieri genome sequence could also be a useful source of information for improving quinoa adaptation. To this end, we first optimized barcode markers in two chloroplast genes, rbcL and matK. Together these markers can distinguish C. berlandieri from the morphologically similar Eurasian invasive C. album (lamb’s quarters). Second, we performed whole genome sequencing and preliminary assembly of a C. berlandieri accession collected in Manitoba, Canada. Our assembly, while fragmented, is consistent with the expected allotetraploid structure containing diploid Chenopodium sub-genomes A and B. The genome of our accession is highly homozygous, with only one variant site per 3–4000 bases in non-repetitive sequences. This is consistent with predominant self-fertilization. As previously reported for the genome of a partly domesticated Mexican accession of C. berlandieri, our genome assembly is similar to that of C. quinoa. Somewhat unexpectedly, the genome of our accession had almost as many variant sites when compared to the Mexican C. berlandieri, as compared to C. quinoa. Despite the overall similarity of our genome sequence to that of C. quinoa, there are differences in genes known to be involved in the domestication or genetics of other food crops. In one example, our genome assembly appears to lack one functional copy of the SOS1 (salt overly sensitive 1) gene. SOS1 is involved in soil salinity tolerance, and by extension may be relevant to the adaptation of C. berlandieri to the wet climate of the Canadian region where it was collected. Our genome assembly will be a useful tool for the improved cultivation of quinoa in North America.
A Programmable Microwave Components Reconfigurable Between Four Functions

Aiming at realizing a reconfigurable microwave passive component programmable by software, whose counterpart in the digital domain is an field programmable gate array (FPGA), this work proposes a novel programmable passive microwave component. The component consists of basic functional units, transmission units and microwave switches, denoted as the basic building blocks. The states of the switches are controlled by software, resulting in different combination of the building blocks in different topologies where the distribution of the electromagnetic (EM) field is altered, thus different functions of the component. More specifically, the design is based on a planar micro-strip (MS) patch circuit. A resonance patch, a slot, a coupling MS line are used as the basic functional units, impedance transformation and MS transmission lines are used as the basic transmission units, which are connected by microwave p-i-n diode switches to form different topologies that can work as an antenna, a filter, a splitter, or a coupler with an FPGA acting as the control circuit. A prototype component is fabricated and measured with the following results. The antenna central frequency is 3.22 GHz, with realized gain 6.2 dBi. The passband of the filter is 3.35–3.53 GHz (a fractional bandwidth of 6.3%) with an insertion loss (IL) <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim $ </tex-math></inline-formula>2.7 dB. The splitter has a working band of 2.4–3.5 GHz, a 1.6 dB IL, a ± 0.4 dB amplitude unbalance and a ±3.4 ° phase unbalance. The coupler works at 2.5–5 GHz, whose IL <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim $ </tex-math></inline-formula>1.7 dB, coupling coefficient <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim $ </tex-math></inline-formula>30±1.4 dB. The four functions can be switched at will among each other by software control.
Fabrication of a nanoelectromechanical switch using a suspended carbon nanotube

Fabrication and characterization of a nanoelectromechanical switching device consisting of a suspended multiwalled carbon nanotube and self-aligned electrodes is reported. The device has a triode structure and is designed so that a suspended carbon nanotube is mechanically switched to one of two self-aligned electrodes by repulsive electrostatic forces between the nanotube and the other self-aligned electrode. Carbon nanotubes are dispersed on an SiO2 coated Si wafer and their locations recorded using a scanning electron microscope mapping process. Contact electrodes and self-aligned deflection electrodes are formed by a process comprising electron beam lithography, metallic thin film deposition, and lift-off. The electrical measurements show well-defined ON and OFF states with change of gate voltage. The measured threshold voltage for electromechanical switching is ∼3.6V.
Modelling the interactions between magnets and granular high-Tc superconductor material with a finite-element method

A computational model for the interaction of magnets with HTS material of arbitrary grain size and critical current density is presented. The two-dimensional solution technique is based on a finite-element method and the superconductor is assumed to obey a power-law voltage-current characteristic. The currents inside the grains are generated by the periodic movement of a magnet stack consisting of permanent magnets and iron shims which gives an exciting field with a strong gradient. The considered application of this is a so-called high magnetic gradient bearing. The motivation for this work was to investigate the dependence of the levitation force and loss on the grain size and the intragrain jc.
Physics of bubble oscillations

Bubbles in liquids, soft and squeezy objects made of gas and vapour, yet so strong as to destroy any material and so mysterious as at times turning into tiny light bulbs, are the topic of the present report. Bubbles respond to pressure forces and reveal their full potential when periodically driven by sound waves. The basic equations for nonlinear bubble oscillation in sound fields are given, together with a survey of typical solutions. A bubble in a liquid can be considered as a representative example from nonlinear dynamical systems theory with its resonances, multiple attractors with their basins, bifurcations to chaos and not yet fully describable behaviour due to infinite complexity. Three stability conditions are treated for stable trapping of bubbles in standing sound fields: positional, spherical and diffusional stability. Chemical reactions may become important in that respect, when reacting gases fill the bubble, but the chemistry of bubbles is just touched upon and is beyond the scope of the present report. Bubble collapse, the runaway shrinking of a bubble, is presented in its current state of knowledge. Pressures and temperatures that are reached at this occasion are discussed, as well as the light emission in the form of short flashes. Aspherical bubble collapse, as for instance enforced by boundaries nearby, mitigates most of the phenomena encountered in spherical collapse, but introduces a new effect: jet formation, the self-piercing of a bubble with a high velocity liquid jet. Examples of this phenomenon are given from light induced bubbles. Two oscillating bubbles attract or repel each other, depending on their oscillations and their distance. Upon approaching, attraction may change to repulsion and vice versa. When being close, they also shoot self-piercing jets at each other. Systems of bubbles are treated as they appear after shock wave passage through a liquid and with their branched filaments that they attain in standing sound fields. The N-bubble problem is formulated in the spirit of the n-body problem of astrophysics, but with more complicated interaction forces. Simulations are compared with three-dimensional bubble dynamics obtained by stereoscopic high speed digital videography.
Blind deconvolution based on signal reconstruction from partial information using higher-order spectra

The authors present a blind deconvolution scheme for the reconstruction of a signal that propagates in a multipath environment in the presence of additive zero-mean Gaussian noise. Two receivers are placed to record the transmitted signal convolved with a different channel for each receiver, embedded in noise. The recorded signals are transformed in the bicepstrum domain where the additive zero-mean Gaussian noise is suppressed, and then the differences of their minimum phase cepstra coefficients and the differences of their maximum phase cepstra coefficients are computed. These differences correspond to the Fourier phases of two FIR (finite impulse response) sequences that can be reconstructed out of phase information only, as long as the transmission channels are FIR and they have no zeros on the unit circle. The reconstruction of these sequences leads to the computation of the minimum and maximum phase cepstra coefficients of the two channels, and subsequently the cepstra coefficients of the transmitted signal can be computed and combined to reconstruct the signal itself. <<ETX>>
In Favor of a Newtonian Quantum Gravity

We list arguments for creating a unified theory of Newtonian Gravity and Quantum Mechanics. This nonrelativistic level has been historically bypassed, however even here one is confronted with conceptional problems anticipating some features of Relativistic Quantum Gravity. Bearing in mind Wigner's famous analysis on measurabilitity in the relativistic case here a genuine uncertainty of the Newton potential is verified, leading to the breakdown of the Schrodinger equation when leaving microscopic regions. Fur eine Newtonsche quantisierte Gravitation Wir geben eine Reihe von Argumenten fur eine Vereinigung von Newtonscher Gravitationstheorie und Quantenmechanik. Dieser Schritt im Nichtrelativistischen wurde historisch umgangen. Man wird jedoch auch hier mit konzeptionellen Problemen konfrontiert, die Zuge der relativistischen Quantengravitation tragen. Unter Beachtung von Wigners beruhmter Analyse der Mesbarkeit im relativistischen Fall wird hier eine allgemeine Unbestimmtheit des Newtonschen Potentials verifiziert, die zu einem Zusammenbruch der Schrodingergleichung fuhrt, wenn mikroskopische Regionen verlassen werden.
“Digitalisation” and “Greening” as Components of Technology Upgrading and Sustainable Economic Performance

This paper explores the pace and direction of technological development by using a technology upgrade conceptual and measurement framework. This approach is applied to a sample of 164 economies worldwide between 2002 and 2019. Within the framework of technology upgrading, the paper focuses on digitalisation and “greening” as its two significant structural features. We explore their relationship with different components of technology upgrading and the relationship between technology upgrading components and different indicators of macroeconomic productivity. We have adopted a longitudinal fixed effects regression method with control for unobserved heterogeneity, clustered standard errors, and time dummies. Our results show that the growth of research and development (R&D) capabilities does not translate into aggregate productivity growth. There is a lack of unconditional relationship between aggregate productivity growth, digitalisation and greening. However, there are “latecomer advantages” to basic digitalisation for lower middle- and low-income economies and “latecomer liabilities” in the greening of the economy for upper-middle-income economies. In addition, levels of digitalisation and greening do not correlate, suggesting these two transformation processes are not yet integrated into ‘ICT-assisted greening’. When we control for income levels, the impact of components of technology upgrading on productivity is isolated to specific components and significant only for some income groups. The absence of a significant simultaneous effects of several components of technology upgrading on productivity points to large transformation failures. We conclude that the role of science and technology systems in spurring sustainable development would require a broad scope for science and technology (S&T) policies, their coordination, and integration with non-innovation policies.