Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Robustness and invariance in the generalization error of deep neural networks

In recent years Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have achieved state-of-the-art results in many fields such as speech recognition, computer vision and others. Despite their success in practice, many theoretical fundamentals of DNNs are still not clear. One of them is the generalization error of DNNs, which is the topic of this thesis. The thesis first reviews the theory and practice of DNNs focusing specifically on theoretical results that provide generalization error bounds. We argue that the current state-of-the-art theoretical results, which rely on the width and depth of deep neural networks, do not apply in many practical scenarios where the networks are very wide or very deep. A novel approach to the theoretical analysis of the generalization error of DNNs is proposed next. The proposed approach relies on the classification margin of the DNN and on the complexity of the data. As this result does not rely on the width or the depth of the network it provides a rationale behind the practical success of learning with very wide and deep neural networks. These results are then extended to learning problems where symmetries are present in the data. The analysis shows that if a DNN is invariant to such symmetries its generalization error may be much smaller than the generalization error of a non-invariant DNN. Finally, two novel regularization methods for DNNs motivated by the theoretical analysis are presented and their performance is evaluated on various datasets such as MNIST, CIFAR-10, ImageNet and LaRED. The thesis is concluded by a summary of contributions and discussion of possible extensions of the current work.
Maternal Colonization Versus Nosocomial Transmission as the Source of Drug-Resistant Bloodstream Infection in an Indian Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Prospective Cohort Study

Abstract Background Drug-resistant gram-negative (GN) pathogens are a common cause of neonatal sepsis in low- and middle-income countries. Identifying GN transmission patterns is vital to inform preventive efforts. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study, 12 October 2018 to 31 October 2019 to describe the association of maternal and environmental GN colonization with bloodstream infection (BSI) among neonates admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Western India. We assessed rectal and vaginal colonization in pregnant women presenting for delivery and colonization in neonates and the environment using culture-based methods. We also collected data on BSI for all NICU patients, including neonates born to unenrolled mothers. Organism identification, antibiotic susceptibility testing, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) were performed to compare BSI and related colonization isolates. Results Among 952 enrolled women who delivered, 257 neonates required NICU admission, and 24 (9.3%) developed BSI. Among mothers of neonates with GN BSI (n = 21), 10 (47.7%) had rectal, 5 (23.8%) had vaginal, and 10 (47.7%) had no colonization with resistant GN organisms. No maternal isolates matched the species and resistance pattern of associated neonatal BSI isolates. Thirty GN BSI were observed among neonates born to unenrolled mothers. Among 37 of 51 BSI with available NGS data, 21 (57%) showed a single nucleotide polymorphism distance of ≤5 to another BSI isolate. Conclusions Prospective assessment of maternal GN colonization did not demonstrate linkage to neonatal BSI. Organism-relatedness among neonates with BSI suggests nosocomial spread, highlighting the importance of NICU infection prevention and control practices to reduce GN BSI.
Measurement of the azimuthal anisotropy for charged particle production in Pb+Pb collisions at sNN =2.76 TeV and in p+Pb collisions at sNN =5.02 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

of the Dissertation Measurement of the azimuthal anisotropy for charged particle production in Pb+Pb collisions at √ sNN=2.76 TeV and in p+Pb collisions at √ sNN=5.02 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC by Soumya Mohapatra Doctor of Philosophy in Physics Stony Brook University 2013 In this work, detailed measurements of the pT, η and centrality dependence of the flow harmonics vn in Pb+Pb collisions at √ sNN = 2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC are presented. Consistent values of harmonics v2-v6 are measured the via event-plane and two-particle correlation methods. Dipolar flow v1 associated with initial dipole asymmetry is measured via two-particle correlations. The long-range correlations in the two-particle correlations such as ridge and the cone are shown to be accounted for by collective flow. Sizable values of the odd harmonics especially v3 are measured that indicate significant event-by-event (EbyE) fluctuations in the initial geometry. The nature of the initial collision geometry and the hydrodynamic response to it are investigated by measuring the EbyE distributions
The effect on vital signs of concomitant administration of nicardipine and dexmedetomidine sedation after spinal anesthesia: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial

Background: We evaluated heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) trends when nicardipine (NCD) was co-administered during dexmedetomidine (DEX) sedation after spinal anesthesia. Methods: Sixty patients aged 19 to 65 were randomly assigned to the DEX or DEX-NCD groups. Five minutes after infusion of the loading dose of DEX, the NCD was administered intravenously at a rate of 5 μg/kg for 5 minutes in the DEX-NCD group. The study starting point was set at 0 minute when the DEX loading dose was initiated. The primary outcomes were the differences in HR and BP between the 2 groups during the study drug administration. Secondary outcomes included the number of patients whose HR was < 50 beats per minute (bpm) after the DEX loading dose infusion, and associated factors were evaluated. The incidence of hypotension in the postanesthesia care unit, postanesthesia care unit length of stay, postoperative nausea and vomiting, postoperative urinary retention, time to first urination after spinal anesthesia, acute kidney injury, and postoperative hospital length of stay were evaluated. Results: The HR was significantly higher at 14 minutes, and the mean BP was significantly lower at 10 minutes in the DEX-NCD group than in the DEX group. The number of patients with an HR < 50 bpm during surgery was significantly higher in the DEX group than in the DEX-NCD group at 12, 16, 24, 26, and 30 minutes. The DEX group and a low initial HR were independently associated with the occurrence of an HR < 50 bpm after DEX loading dose infusion. Postoperative outcomes were not significantly different between the 2 groups. Conclusions: Simultaneous administration of NCD during the administration of a loading dose of DEX prevented severe bradycardia. Co-administration of NCD may be considered in patients with a low initial HR when severe bradycardia is expected during the DEX loading dose infusion. NCD and DEX may be safely infused simultaneously without affecting postoperative complications (see Figure S1, Supplemental Digital Content, http://links.lww.com/MD/J241, Graphical abstract).
The Lognormal Random Multivariate

For decades the lognormal random variable has been widely used by actuaries to analyze heavy-tailed insurance losses. More recently, especially since ERM and Solvency II, actuaries have had to solve problems involving the interworking of many heavy-tailed risks. Solutions to some of these problems may involve the relatively unknown extension of the lognormal into the multivariate realm. The purpose of this paper is present the basic theory of the lognormal random multivariate.
Calcul algébrique efficace de résolvantes relatives

Cet expose presente une methode pour calculer efficacement de maniere exacte des resolvantes d'un polynome en une variable. Elle s'appuie sur les relations entre polynome caracteristique et resolvante. A chaque etape sont eliminees des puissances superflues. L'extraction d'une racine nieme d'un polynome est realisee par un algorithme faisant appel aux fonctions puissances de ses racines.
The pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis: a series of unfortunate events

Abstract Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by the chronic inflammatory destruction of myelinated axons in the central nervous system. Several ideas have been put forward to clarify the roles of the peripheral immune system and neurodegenerative events in such destruction. Yet, none of the resulting models appears to be consistent with all the experimental evidence. They also do not answer the question of why MS is exclusively seen in humans, how Epstein-Barr virus contributes to its development but does not immediately trigger it, and why optic neuritis is such a frequent early manifestation in MS. Here we describe a scenario for the development of MS that unifies existing experimental evidence as well as answers the above questions. We propose that all manifestations of MS are caused by a series of unfortunate events that usually unfold over a longer period of time after a primary EBV infection and involve periodic weakening of the blood–brain barrier, antibody-mediated CNS disturbances, accumulation of the oligodendrocyte stress protein αB-crystallin and self-sustaining inflammatory damage.
Laboratory associated zoonotic parasitic infections: a review of main agents and biosecurity measures.

Laboratory workers are exposed to the risk of acquiring infections due to the manipulation of infectious materials. The biological hazard for researchers is seven times higher when compared with hospital and public health laboratory workers. Despite the implementation of standardized practices to control infections, multiple cases of Laboratory Associated Infections (LAIs) usually go unreported. There has been a lack of comprehensive epidemiological data regarding the situation of LAIs for parasitic zoonosis and besides, the available sources are not completely updated. Since most accounts of laboratory infections are organism-specific, this study has focused on common pathogenic/zoonotic species handled at parasitological laboratories and summarising the standard biosecurity protocols for the infectious agents. The main characteristics of Cryptosporidium spp. , Entamoeba spp, Giardia duodenalis, Toxoplasma gondii, Leishmania spp. , Echinococcus spp. , Schistosoma spp. , Toxocara canis, Ancylostoma caninum, Strongyloides stercoralis are considered in this review in order to assess the potential risk of developing occupational infections in the workplace along with stating prevention and prophylactic measures for each species. It was concluded that the LAIs from these agents can be prevented by using personal protective measures and good laboratory practices. However, further studies are necessary to better understand the environmental resistance of cysts, oocysts and eggs, with a view to select the most suitable disinfection methods. Furthermore, it is fundamental to constantly update epidemiological data of infection acquired by laboratory workers, to develop accurate risk indicators.
precision tests of the Standard Model

–annihilation are an indispensable input for theestimation of the non–perturbative hadronic con-tribution the shift in the ﬁne structure constant,oneof the fundamental input parametersfor mak-ing precise theoretical predictions for electroweakprocesses in standard electroweak theory (SM). The errors of the experimental data directly af-fect and limit the precision at which theoreti-cal predictions can be made. Thus the uncer-tainties of the hadronic contributions to the ef-fective ﬁne structure constant α(E) (E the en-ergy scale) are a serious problem in electroweakprecision physics [1]. At present the most pre-cisely known parameters are α, G
Curcumin as a Perspective Protection for Retinal Pigment Epithelium during Autophagy Inhibition in the Course of Retinal Degeneration

Defective autophagy in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is involved in retinal degeneration, mostly in the course of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which is an increasingly prevalent retinal disorder, eventually leading to blindness. However, most autophagy activators own serious adverse effects when administered systemically. Curcumin is a phytochemical, which induces autophagy with a wide dose-response curve, which brings minimal side effects. Recent studies indicating defective autophagy in AMD were analyzed. Accordingly, in this perspective, we discuss and provide some evidence about the protective effects of curcumin in preventing RPE cell damage induced by the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA). Cells from human RPE were administered the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA. The cell damage induced by 3-MA was assessed at light microscopy by hematoxylin & eosin, Fluoro Jade-B, and ZO1 immunohistochemistry along with electron microscopy. The autophagy inhibitor 3-MA produces cell loss and cell degeneration of RPE cells. These effects are counteracted dose-dependently by curcumin. In line with the hypothesis that the autophagy machinery is key in sustaining the integrity of the RPE, here we provide evidence that the powerful autophagy inhibitor 3-MA produces dose-dependently cell loss and cell degeneration in cultured RPE cells, while inhibiting autophagy as shown by LC3-II/LC3-I ratio and gold-standard assessment of autophagy through LC3-positive autophagy vacuoles. These effects are prevented dose-dependently by curcumin, which activates autophagy. These data shed the perspective of validating the role of phytochemicals as safe autophagy activators to treat AMD.
Necessary and Suﬃcient Conditions for Weak Quasi Eﬃciency in Nonsmooth Multiobjective Problems

ABSTRACT In this article, a multiobjective problem with a feasible set defined by inequality, equality and set constraints is considered, where the objective and constraint functions are locally Lipschitz. Several constraint qualifications are given and the relations between them are analyzed. We establish Kuhn-Tucker and strong Kuhn-Tucker necessary optimality conditions for (weak) quasi eﬃciency in terms of the Clarke subdifferential. By using two new classes of generalized convex functions, suﬃcient conditions for local (weak) quasi eﬃcient are also provided. Furthermore, we study the Mond-Weir type dual problem and establish weak, strong and converse duality results.
The Interior of the Earth: Structure and Processes

M H P Bott London: Edward Arnold 1971 pp xii + 316 price £7.50 Three technical developments in recent years have lead to far reaching advances in our knowledge (I hesitate to say understanding) of the earth and its near neighbours in space. Everyone knows about artificial satellites, the orbits of which tell us about the gravity fields of the earth, the moon and one or two planets, which carry magnetometers around those bodies, and which have culminated in observations being made on the surface of the moon.
Heavy Rainfall Associated with Double Low-Level Jets over Southern China. Part II: Convection Initiation

Heavy rainfall that occurred at the south coast of China on 10–11 May 2014 was associated with a synoptic-system-related low-level jet (SLLJ) and a boundary layer jet (BLJ). To clarify the role of the double low-level jets in convection initiation (CI), we perform convective-permitting simulations using a nonhydrostatic mesoscale model. The simulations reproduce the occurrence location and mesoscale evolution of new convective cells as well as their small-scale wavelike structures at the elevated layers, which are generally consistent with radar observations despite some differences in their orientation. The nighttime BLJ over the northern South China Sea strengthens the convergence at ~950 hPa near the coast where the BLJ’s northern terminus reaches the coastal terrain. Meanwhile, the SLLJ to the south of the inland cold front provides divergence at ~700 hPa near the SLLJ’s entrance region. Such low-level convergence and midlevel divergence collectively produce strong mesoscale lifting for CI at the coast. In addition to the enhanced mesoscale lifting, the double low-level jets also provide favorable conditions for the superimposed small-scale disturbances that can serve as effective moistening mechanisms of the lower troposphere during CI. In a sensitivity experiment with coastal terrain removed, CI still occurs near the coast but is delayed and weaker compared to the control run. This latter experiment suggests that double low-level jets and their coupling indeed exert key effects on CI, while the BLJ colliding with terrain may enhance coastal convergence for amplifying CI. These findings provide new insights into the occurrence of coastal heavy rainfall in the warm sector far ahead of the fronts.
Determining growth rates from bright-field images of budding cells through identifying overlaps

Much of biochemical regulation ultimately controls growth rate, particularly in microbes. Although time-lapse microscopy visualises cells, determining their growth rates is challenging, particularly for those that divide asymmetrically, like Saccharomyces cerevisiae, because cells often overlap in images. Here, we present the Birth Annotator for Budding Yeast (BABY), an algorithm to determine single-cell growth rates from label-free images. Using a convolutional neural network, BABY resolves overlaps through separating cells by size and assigns buds to mothers by identifying bud necks. BABY uses machine learning to track cells and determine lineages and estimates growth rates as the rates of change of volumes. Using BABY and a microfluidic device, we show that bud growth is likely first sizer- then timer-controlled, that the nuclear concentration of Sfp1, a regulator of ribosome biogenesis, varies before the growth rate does, and that growth rate can be used for real-time control. By estimating single-cell growth rates and so fitness, BABY should generate much biological insight.
Cardiovascular Risk Reduction in Type 2 Diabetes: Further Insights into the Power of Weight Loss and Exercise

Corresponding author: Seung-Hwan Lee Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea Tel: +82-2-2258-6069, Fax: +82-2-595-2534, E-mail: hwanx2@catholic.ac. kr Copyright © 2023 Korean Endocrine Society This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Cardiovascular Risk Reduction in Type 2 Diabetes: Further Insights into the Power of Weight Loss and Exercise
Influences of large-scale flow variations on the track evolution of typhoons Morakot (2009) and Megi (2010): simulations with a global variable-resolution model

AbstractInfluences of large-scale flow variations on the track evolution of two typhoons, moderate Morakot (2009) and superintense Megi (2010), are investigated using the global variable-resolution model MPAS with a higher-resolution region of 15 km for the simulated typhoons. For Morakot, the associated track and extreme rainfall over southern Taiwan captured by MPAS compared well with the regional WRF simulations. To isolate the influences of various large-scale flows, three modes are filtered out from global reanalysis: the synoptic-scale mode, quasi-biweekly oscillation (QBW) mode, and the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) mode. In the absence of QBW or MJO, the simulated Morakot moves westward across Taiwan without the observed north turn after landfall. When the intensity of the MJO mode is increased by 50% in the experiment (MJO+50%), a much earlier northward turn is induced. The simulated Morakot under the observed MJO lies in between MJO+50% and MJO−50% results. The MJO variations also show similar.
Characteristics, management and outcomes of active cancer patients with cardiogenic shock.

AIMS Characteristics, management, and outcomes of patients with active cancer admitted for cardiogenic shock remain largely unknown. This study aimed to address this issue and identify the determinants of 30-day and 1-year mortality in a large cardiogenic shock cohort of all etiologies. METHODS AND RESULTS FRENSHOCK is a prospective multicenter observational registry conducted in French critical care units between April and October 2016. "Active cancer" was defined as a malignancy diagnosed within the previous weeks with planned or ongoing anticancer therapy. Among the 772 enrolled patients (mean age 65.7 ± 14.9 years; 71.5% male), 51 (6.6%) had active cancer. Among them, the main cancer types were solid cancers (60.8%), and hematological malignancies (27.5%). Solid cancers were mainly urogenital (21.6%), gastrointestinal (15.7%), and lung cancer (9.8%). Medical history, clinical presentation, and baseline echocardiography were almost the same between groups. In-hospital management significantly differed: patients with cancers received more catecholamines or inotropes (norepinephrine 72 vs 52%, p=0.005 and norepinephrine-dobutamine combination 64.7 vs 44.5%, p=0.005), but had less mechanical circulatory support (5.9 vs 19.5%, p=0.016). They presented similar 30-day mortality rate (29 vs 26%) but a significantly higher mortality at one-year (70.6 vs 45.2%, p<0.001). In multivariable analysis, active cancer was not associated with 30-day mortality but was significantly associated with 1-year mortality in 30-day survivors (HR 3.61 [1.29 - 10.11], p=0.015). CONCLUSION Active cancer patients accounted for almost 7% of all cases of cardiogenic shock. Early mortality was the same regardless active cancer or not, whereas long-term mortality was significantly increased in patients with active cancer.
Experimental Study of a Vibrating Disk Submerged in a Fluid-Filled Tank and Confined With a Nonrigid Cover

Determining the dynamic response of submerged and confined disklike structures is of interest in engineering applications, such as in hydraulic turbine runners. This dynamic response is heavily affected by the added mass and damping as well as the proximity of solid boundaries. These solid boundaries are normally considered as completely rigid in theoretical or numerical calculations, however, this assumption is not always valid. Some hydraulic turbines have noncompletely stiff casings, which can modify the dynamic response of the runner itself, affecting specially its natural frequencies and damping behavior. To determine the influence of noncompletely rigid nearby surfaces in the dynamic behavior of a submerged structure, an experimental test rig has been constructed. This test rig is based on a disk attached to a shaft and confined in a tank covered with two different casings with different mass and stiffness. For both covers and different disk to cover distances, natural frequencies and damping ratios of the disk have been obtained experimentally. Accelerometers installed on the disk and covers as well as pressure sensors are used for this purpose. Results obtained for all the cases are discussed in detail and compared with a simplified theoretical model.
Normality and Minkowski sum of Lattice Polytopes

Lattice Polytopes Let M = Z be a free abelian group of rank n and MR := M ⊗Z R ∼= R the extension of coefficients into real numbers. We define a lattice polytope as the convex hull P := Conv{m1, . ,mr} of a finite subset {m1, . ,mr} of M in MR. We define the dimension of a lattice polytope P as that of the smallest affine subspace containing P . Definition[1, Definition 2.59] A lattice polytope P in MR is called normal if the equality