Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Defects and processes in the solid state : geoscience applications

Part 1 Deformation: a critical review of investigations into transformation plasticity, A. Meike evolution of inclusions in wet synthetic quartz as a function of temperature and pressure implications for water weakening, J. Gerretsen et al microstructure of kink band boundaries in naturally deformed chewings range quartzite, C.K. Mawer and J.D. Fitz Gerald shock-induced melting and silica polymorph formation, Vredefort structure, South Africa, J.C. White crystal rotation during flattening and shearing of naturally deformed plagioclase, J.H. Kruhl defect structures in a quartz-tremolite rock under high stresses - evidence for amorphization, L.N. Dell'Angelo transition from fracturing to viscous flow in a naturally deformed metagabbro, H. Stunitz mass transfer and microfracturing in gabbroic mylonites of the Guadalupe Igneous Complex, California, B. Lafrance and R.H. Vernon controlling the spatial distribution of deformation in experimentally deformed and dehydrated gypsum, R. Panozzo Heilbronner deformation lamellae in metals and minerals, M.R. Drury the high temperature shear mode inelasticity of iron - an exploratory foray into the FCC field, I. Jackson theory of time-dependent failure for fractal porous aggregates, R.F. Cook. Part 2 Phase transformation and exsolution: microstructures of pyroxenes from the Whin Sill, northern England, P.P.K. Smith and P.E. Champness storage and release of elastic strain energy - the driving force for low-temperature reactivity and alteration of feldspar, W.L. Brown and I. Parsons phase transitions and domain growth in CaAl[2]Ge[2]O[8] - feldspar, W.F. Muller and Y. Vojdan-Shemshadi the tweed microstructure of alpha-PbO and its relationship to the low temperature improper ferroelastic phase transition, R.L. Withers et al crystalline frameworks as hyperbolic films, S.T. Hyde. Part 3 Defects, mechanisms and microstructures: water in hydrothermally grown sapphire (alpha-Al[2]O[3]), D. Mainprice et al microstructural and defect development in heat treated heavitree quartzite, J.N. Wang et al enantiomorphism and planar defects in length-fast chalcedony, S.L. Cady et al structural features of zirconolite, hollandite and perovskite, the major waste-bearing phases in synroc, K.L. Smith and G.R. Lumpkin problems and progress in the elucidation of U and Pb transport mechanisms in zircon, J.K. W. Lee coherent and incoherent interface structures in natural haematite/magnetites, L.A. Bursill and Peng Ju Lin subject index.
Using the Technology Acceptance Model to Understand Attitudes about a Virtual Learning Environment for EFL Writing

This quantitative case study used Venkatesh and Davis’ (2000) technology acceptance model (TAM) to understand EFL student attitudes towards using a virtual learning environment (VLE). The study surveyed 97 undergraduate students enrolled in a required English writing course. The study employed factor reduction to group the variables into the TAM. A standard multiple regression was then performed to determine the effect the variables had on the model. It was found that the perceived ease of use (EoU), output quality (OQ), and results demonstrability (RD) had a positive statistical effect on the perceived usefulness (PU). The subjective norm (SN), EoU, and PU also had a positive statistical effect on the students' intention to use (IU) the VLE for writing. The final standardized regression found a positive statistical effect from IU towards the students' usage behavior (UB). The overall results showed that the more positive a student's EoU, OQ, RD, SN, PU, and IU, the more likely a student will use and accept the VLE for writing. This usage should also help students improve their language level as well as build 4th industrial revolution skills. Teachers should consider the use of VLEs to teach or supplement EFL writing in the future.
The Rural Educator The Rural Educator

For education policies to be implemented most effectively in local contexts, policymakers must consider diverse school and community geographic characteristics. For example, rural geographies often present particularly important dynamics for public schooling, including challenges with school enrollment, school funding, and teacher labor markets. We focus on Missouri, where over two-thirds of its school districts are located in rural areas. Enrollment in these districts varies over 100-fold, yet little research describes the similarities and differences between these districts and how to appropriately distinguish between them to best advise contemporary policymaking. In this study, we analyze data from the American Community Survey, the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), and the Missouri Department of Elementary and Secondary Education to compare school, financial, teacher, and community characteristics to identify relationships between a district’s size, location, and community qualities. We focus our analyses on a comparison of NCES’ demarcation of rurality to one we construct based on student enrollment to highlight where conclusions may differ simply based on a lack of common definitional groundings. The findings help to distinguish rural communities and school districts and may prompt future rural education-focused research to appropriately tailor education policies to diverse rural contexts. Of the
TREATMENT OF PHLEBOSTATIC ULCER IN THE LOWER LIMB WITH PLATELET-RICH PLASMA ACTIVATED WITH OZONE-CALCIUM CHLORIDE AND FIBRIN MEMBRANE. CASE REPORT

Introduction: Chronic venous insufficiency may lead to serious complications such as phlebostatic ulcers in the lower limbs. It has been established that the use of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a safe and effective option in the treatment of chronic ulcers as an adjuvant therapy. The use of PPR combined with ozone in the treatment of these ulcers has not been extensively studied, but it may be a beneficial alternative in clinical terms. Case presentation: A 65-year-old woman, diagnosed with chronic venous insu - fficiency at the age of 42, visited the angiology and vascular surgery outpatient department due to a phlebostatic ulcer in one of her lower extremities. The patient received five injections of PRP activated with ozone-calcium chloride and fibrin membranes as a complementary treatment. From the second administration onwards, increased epithelialization was observed in the area of the lesion; com - plete healing of the ulcer was achieved 6 weeks after the end of the treatment. No serious adverse reactions were reported, and the patient stated that pain decreased and physical activity improved. Conclusions: The local administration of PRP activated with ozone-calcium chlo - ride and fibrin membranes proved to be a useful intervention for the treatment of the phlebostatic ulcer in the lower limb of the patient reported, since it stimulated epithelialization and wound closure, improving her quality of life.
Modeling and Tracking Control of Differential-Drive Mobile Robots Using Artificial Fuzzy Neural Networks

— This paper contributes to the development of mechanical modeling and motion control of autonomous mobile robots (AMRs) using artificial fuzzy neural networks. An interval type-2 fuzzy neural network (IT2FNN) algorithm is incorporated with the mechanical modeling of mobile robots to develop intelligent control schemes. The metaheuristic genetic algorithm is employed to determine the initial IT2FNN structure. Taking the mechanical modeling, genetic algorithm and IT2FNN control strategy, the two-wheeled nonholonomic mobile robots are steered to accomplish time-varying trajectory tracking tasks. Numerical simulations were conducted to illustrate the efficiency and superiority of the proposed intelligent IT2FNN control method for autonomous mobile robots.
Influences of the 11-year solar cycle on the tropical atmosphere and oceans

The Sun is the main source of energy that fuels Earth’s climate. Variations of the incoming total and spectral solar irradiance on decadal time scales should warm the surface and extensive research estimated a global-mean surface response of about 0.1 K from solar minima to solar maxima. Regional responses, however, can be manifold much stronger for dynamical reasons. The response, if any, of the tropical Pacific Ocean to the 11-yr solar cycle forcing has drawn considerable attention in the recent years. Many studies indicated an El Niñolike warming, whereas other studies isolated a La Niña-like cooling during solar maxima. El Niño and La Niña are the two extremes of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Detecting robust solar responses in the tropical Pacific is a not a straightforward task because naturally excited inter-annual or decadal oscillations can be taken as of solar origin. I find that the observed cooling in peak years of sunspot numbers is likely related to La Niña oversampling. If solar maxima favor, statistically, La Niña episodes, then El Niño-like warming should be detected in solar minima. Yet, observations do not support this transition. The Tropical Pacific Quasi-Decadal Oscillation (TPQDO), a natural oscillation of the tropical Pacific with signature similar to El Niño episodes, explains the observational evidence for a warmer tropical Pacific with increased solar cycle forcing. It is intriguing though that the observed TPQDO seems synchronized with the solar cycle over the last 50 years. To systematically assess the response of the tropical Pacific to the 11-yr solar cycle, ensemble simulations with an atmospheric general circulation model with and without ocean coupling are carried out. The model is forced with realistic ozone and solar spectral irradiance changes from 1955 to 2006. The tropical-mean (30°S-30°N) surface temperature rises almost in phase with the solar cycle in the coupled ensemble simulations. In the Pacific, a basin-wide warming of up to 0.15 K from solar minimum to solar maximum is simulated, whereas the warming in the Indian and Atlantic oceans is weaker. The spatial solar signature at sea surface reminisces that of the simulated TPQDO. Our model generates a TPQDO of 12.3 years average period in simulations with constant solar forcing. The 11-yr solar cycle forcing, however, gives the pace, statistically, of the TPQDO. This is understood by the reduced surface easterlies in the western Pacific, which are simulated both in the coupled and uncoupled simulations. During solar maxima, westerly anomalies push the Pacific system to a state in which equatorial upper ocean heat is constantly flushed into the subtropics due to the divergence of Sverdrup transport. This solar-forced heat discharge lifts the thermocline over the entire Pacific, initiating the negative TPQDO phase in the years to follow. During solar minima, the stronger equatorial easterlies push the Pacific system to a state where heat is accumulated, favoring a positive TPQDO phase in the subsequent years. Hence, the solar-induced changes of the
Gut microbiota and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

The gut microbiota in adults is known to comprise between 10 and 100 trillion microorganisms, a quantity that is more than 10-fold the number of human cells [1]. Moreover, the collective genomes of the gut microbiota are 100 to 150 times greater than that of the human genome [2]. Several metagenomic studies have suggested a correlation between the quantity or diversity of genes in the gut microbiota and the health of the host [3-5]. The gut microbiota has evolved alongside human evolution and has been found to significantly influence various physiological responses of the host. Notably, recent studies have demonstrated that alterations in the gut microbial composition are associated with various metabolic diseases, including obesity [6], nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) [7], type 2 diabetes [8], and cardiovascular disease [9-11]. Review article
IN THIS ISSUE

Background: Evaluating bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in patients with prostatic enlargement may reflect the severity of the disease and aid in predicting the treatment outcome. Objectives: To determine the sonological correlation between intravesical prostatic protrusion and bladder outlet obstruction in patients with symptomatic benign prostatic enlargement. Methods: This prospective study was conducted over one year at the Department of Radiology, University College Hospital, Ibadan. A transabdominal ultrasound scan of the urinary bladder and prostate gland was carried out on patients with prostatic enlargement and BOO. The intravesical prostatic protrusion, pre-and post-void urine volumes, prostate volume and bladder wall thickness were measured. Results: A total of 132 men aged 43 to 90 years (mean age: 63.8±8.64 years) were studied. The median size of the intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP) was 7.25 mm (IQR: 0.00 mm; 14.9 mm). The mean prostate volume was 63.3ml±36.0ml. Most subjects (55; 41.7%) had a prostate volume above 60ml, and most patients (101, 77.2%) had bladder wall thickness less than 5mm. The mean bladder wall thickness was 4.26mm±1.54mm. There was a statistically significant correlation between IPP and pre-void urine volume and prostate volume (p = 0.002 and <0.001, respectively). Patients over 70 years had increasing IPP and post-void urine, which lacked statistical significance (p = 0.15). Conclusion: The severity of bladder outlet obstruction was reflected in the pre-void urine volume, which correlated with the size of IPP.
Reexamining the Lyman-Birge-Hopfield band of N2

This work was supported by the US Department of Energy, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada, the Australian Research Council, the Research Funds of the University of Helsinki, and the Academy of Finland (Contract No. 1127462, Centers of Excellence Program 2006-2011, and National Graduate School in Materials Physics). A.R. acknowledges support by MICINN (FIS2010-21282-C02-01),ACI-promociona (ACI2009-1036), Grupos Consolidados UPV/EHU del Gobierno Vasco (IT-319- 07), and the European Community through e-I3 ETSF project (Contract No. 211956).
The Relationship of Training Methods Between NCAA Division I Cross-Country Runners with 10,000 Meter Performance

The scientific relationship between 10,000 meter performance and training methods of distance runners remains incompletely understood. Researchers such as Slovic (1977) and Pollock (1978) have attempted to study the relationship between training practices of distance runners with the use of surveys. However, these studies did not analyze the significance of various types of training regimens available. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the training methods of NCAA Division I runners and 10,000 meter performance. Fourteen Division I qualifying teams of the NCAA Division I national cross-country meet and 16 randomly chosen non-qualifying teams were recruited through the mail and direct contact. The respondents completed a survey which evaluated the training methods of the respective teams during the transition phase, competition phase, and peaking period which encompassed seven months of training. In the transition phase the non-qualifying teams ran significantly farther (p<0.05) on their long runs than the qualifying teams. The qualifying teams ran more miles during the competition phase than the non-qualifiers (p<0.05). No significant differences (p>0.05) differences were noted between the qualifying and non-qualifying teams during the peaking period. No significant differences (p>0.05) were noted between the lower seven and top seven qualifying teams during the transition phase. However, during the competition phase the lower seven teams used intervals, fartleks, and repetitions more frequently (p<0.05) than the top seven qualifiers. Fartlek training during the peaking period was used more more often (p<0.05) for the top seven teams than the lower seven qualifying teams. A Pearson correlation was performed to find correlations between final team time in the 10,000 meter run and various training indices obtained from the survey. Based on the results from this study, it was concluded that tempos, repetitions, intervals, and fartlek training during the transition phase were significantly (p<0.05) and positively related to team 10,000 meter performance. Interval training and fartlek during the competition phase were significantly (p<0.05) and positively related to team 10,000 meter performance. Tempo training during the peaking
DROUGHT IN THE WESTERN GREAT PLAINS , 1845 – 56 Impacts and Implications

| T he environment and culture of the western Great Plains changed significantly over the course of the nineteenth century. While Native Americans were displaced and Euro-American settlers moved across the region, the bison population, which at one time numbered tens of millions (Flores 1991), suffered an astoundingly abrupt decimation. The cause of this near extinction has been hotly debated and attributed to a range of factors that include the impacts of both Native American and Euro-American land use and hunting (Robbins 1999; West 1995, and references within). Drought has been cited as a possible contributing factor as well, but it is difficult to unravel the roles played by each of these factors. In this paper , we describe a mid-nineteenth-century drought in part of the western plains—recorded by tree rings—that appears to have persisted for more than a decade in some parts of this region. We examine evidence for this drought in historical accounts and its contribution to the bison population's demise. We end by discussing the impacts such a drought might have in the future. The droughts of the 1930s and 1950s have long served as benchmarks for severe and sustained drought in the United States. Societal and ecological impacts of these droughts were prolonged and well documented. Although the spatial dimensions of the two droughts were different, both had severe impacts on the high plains of Kansas and Colorado (McGregor 1985). While this region is recognized as drought prone (Karl and Koscielny 1982), the limited length of instrumental records (100 yr or less) precludes a full evaluation of the rarity of these droughts. However, paleoclimatic records provide evidence of climate for years prior to the keeping of instrumental records, and can be used to gauge the severity of droughts in the twentieth century as well as for prior centuries. In recent work, two new tree-ring-based hydroclimatic reconstructions have been produced for the eastern half of Colorado: a streamflow recon-A relatively small, but severe and persistent drought occurred in the western Great Plains during the mid-19th century, and may have contributed to the decimation of bison herds.
Nodule excitability in an animal model of periventricular nodular heterotopia: c‐fos activation in organotypic hippocampal slices

Aberrations in brain development may lead to dysplastic structures such as periventricular nodules. Although these abnormal collections of neurons are often associated with difficult‐to‐control seizure activity, there is little consensus regarding the epileptogenicity of the nodules themselves. Because one common treatment option is surgical resection of suspected epileptic nodules, it is important to determine whether these structures in fact give rise, or essentially contribute, to epileptic activities.
Long-term potentiation is impaired in rat hippocampal slices that produce spontaneous sharp waves

Sharp waves (SPWs) occur in the hippocampal EEG during behaviours such as alert immobility and slow-wave sleep. Despite their widespread occurrence across brain regions and mammalian species, the functional importance of SPWs remains unknown. Experiments in the present study indicate that long-term potentiation (LTP) is significantly impaired in slices, prepared from the temporal aspect of rat hippocampus, that spontaneously generate SPW activity. This was probably not due to anatomical and/or biochemical abnormalities in temporal slices because stable UP was uncovered in field CA1 when SPWs were eliminated by severing the projection from CA3. The same procedure did not alter LTP in slices lacking SPWs. Robust and stable LTP was obtained in the presence of SPWs in slices treated with an adenosine A1 receptor antagonist, a finding
Accurate two-dimensional eye tracker using first and fourth Purkinje images

A University of California author or department has made this article openly available. Thanks to the Academic Senate's Open Access Policy, a great many UC-authored scholarly publications will now be freely available on this site. Let us know how this access is important for you. We want to hear your story! Title: Accurate two-dimensional eye tracker using first and fourth Purkinje images.
Utilization and preservation of historic gardens and the development of garden tourism

Garden tourism is a rapidly growing trend which is perfectly visible in Western European countries as well as in the United States and Canada, and which is also becoming increasingly noticeable in Poland. This article presents a discussion of the use and preservation of historic garden complexes in the context of the growing popularity of gardens as places where people can spend their time. The aim of the paper is to define user needs and the requirements concerning garden development which are created by their increased use.
Role of Uncertainty in Model Development and Control Design for a Manufacturing Process

The use of robotic technology has drastically increased in manufacturing in the twenty-first century. But by utilizing their sensory cues, humans still outperform machines, especially in the micro scale manufacturing, which requires high-precision robot manipulators. These sensory cues naturally compensate for high level of uncertainties that exist in the manufacturing environment. Uncertainties in performing manufacturing tasks may come from measurement noise, model inaccuracy, joint compliance (e.g., elasticity) etc. Although advanced metrology sensors and highprecision microprocessors, which are utilized in nowadays robots, have compensated for many structural and dynamic errors in robot positioning, but a well-designed control algorithm still works as a comparable and cheaper alternative to reduce uncertainties in automated manufacturing. Our work illustrates that a multi-robot control system can reduce various uncertainties to a great amount.
Gamification and Game-Based Learning

In the last 10 years, gaming has evolved to the point that it is now being used as a learning medium to educate students in many different disciplines. The educational community has begun to explore the effectiveness of gaming as a learning tool and as a result two different ways of utilizing games for education have been created: Gamification and serious games. While both methods are used to educate, serious games are meant to provide training and practice without entertaining. Whereas, gamification uses game-like features such as points and similar to serious games are not meant to entertain. This review will provide an overview of gamification and serious games as well as the learning possibilities of noneducational games such as massively multiplayer online role-playing games. Finally, massively multiplayer online role-playing games will be discussed in detail as to whether they can meet the general behavioral requirements of effective learning.