Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Journal of Neuroscience http://jneurosci.msubmit.net Bmal1 in the nervous system is essential for normal adaptation of circadian locomotor activity and food intake to periodic feeding JN-BC-2801-11R2

Temporal restriction of feeding can entrain circadian behavioral and physiological rhythms in mammals. These changes in biological rhythms are postulated to be brought about by a putative food-entrainable oscillator (FEO) that is independent of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). However, the anatomical substrates and molecular machinery of FEO remain elusive. We report here that mice with a nervous system-specific deletion of Bmal1 , an essential clock component, had a marked deficit in entrainment of locomotor activity by periodic feeding, accompanied by reduced food intake and subsequent loss of body weight. These mice exhibited a nearly normal light-entrainable activity rhythm driven by the SCN, because deletion of the Bmal1 gene in the SCN was only partial. These findings suggest that an SCN-independent FEO in the nervous system requires Bmal1 and plays a critical role in adaptation of circadian locomotor activity and food intake to periodic feeding.
A Comprehensive Review of Deep Learning Architectures for Computer Vision Applications

The emergence of machine learning in the artificial intelligence field led the world of technology to make great strides. Today‟s advanced systems with the ability of being designed just like human brain functions has given practitioners the ability to train systems so that they could process, analyze, classify, and predict different data classes. Therefore, the machine learning field has become a hot topic for scientists and researchers to introduce the best network with the highest performance for such mentioned purposes. In this article, computer vision science, image classification implementation, and deep neural networks are presented. This article discusses how models have been designed based on the concept of the human brain. The development of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and its various architectures, which have shown great efficiency and evaluation in object detection, face recognition, image classification, and localization, are also introduced. Furthermore, the utilization and application of CNNs, including voice recognition, image processing, video processing, and text recognition, are examined closely. A literature review is conducted to illustrate the significance and the details of Convolutional Neural Networks in various applications.
Replication, Replication

Political science is a community enterprise; the community of empirical political scientists needs access to the body of data necessary to replicate existing studies to understand, evaluate, and especially build on this work. Unfortunately, the norms we have in place now do not encourage, or in some cases even permit, this aim. Following are suggestions that would facilitate replication and are easy to implement—by teachers, students, dissertation writers, graduate programs, authors, reviewers, funding agencies, and journal and book editors.
The Necessity of Multi Factor Authentication

: Multifactor authentication (MFA) is one of the most secure authentication methods. It covers a wide range of topics in a cyber-connected environment, such as online payments, communications, and access right management, among others. Multifactor authentication is usually a little complicated because it necessitates an extra step on the part of the user. With two-factor authentication, in addition to the user ID and password, the user must additionally input a special code that they usually receive through SMS or a special code that they have received in advance. This paper will explore the concept of MFA, key differences between MFA and two facto authentication (2FA), MFA benefits, and the necessity of utilizing it.
Lateral heterogeneity of Europe’s upper mantle as inferred from modelling of broad-band body waves

Summary. The upper mantle velocity structure beneath Europe is investigated by body-wave modelling of broad-band seismograms from earthquakes in the eastern Mediterranean recorded by stations in north-west Europe. The gross features of the P- and S-wave velocity distribution as inferred from the data show a high velocity lid, a low velocity zone, and two discontinuities at depths of approximately 420 and 650 km. The seismograms also present evidence for lateral heterogeneity of at least a few per cent (2.5 per cent for P, 4 per cent for S) to a depth of approximately 400 km. Many of the inferred velocity variations can be related to the tectonic setting of the region between source and receiver. Broad-band seismograms are essential for such detailed study of upper mantle structure using body-wave modelling.
Evolution of Wireless Sensor Networks as the framework of Internet of Things-A Review

— fter the evolution of the wireless sensor networks, the next level of technology is Internet of Things (IoT)/Web of Things (WoT). Internet of things is not a very new concept but its applications are making it quite popular among the users over Internet. As the concept of IoT is applicable in numerous scientific fields, it is becoming universal application or one stop solution for every user’s need. This paper presents a review of evolution of Wireless Sensor Networks Technology over the Internet of Things. Since WSN can act as core of IoT/WoT so the advantages of WSN can be directly utilized in IoT/WoT. Just as Wireless Sensor Networks, in Internet of Things, there is the encounter of monitoring of physical parameters, but desired outcomes are little different. As sensor nodes can be deployed and managed dynamically, IoT can act as Application/ service layer where as WSN can act as Network/Communication layer. The user can develop custom middleware according to its requirements. There are many layers in IoT which makes it flexible in term of usability, customization and choice of services. As the IoT is the evolving technology hence there is a certain amount of inevitable IoT components which can be different in each reference architecture.
Japanese students ’ perceptions of the role that shadow education plays in competition in education

The relationship between shadow education and competition has been discussed and studied widely by educational experts and policy makers in Japan. One major topic has been the role that shadow education plays in social inequality by creating winners and losers. Another is related to competition and students ’ psychological health; and a third concerns the cause-and-effect relationships between cram/preparatory schools and competition. The present paper focuses on students ’ perspectives and describes an empirical study carried out with 211 Japanese senior high school students and 145 university students. The students answered open-ended questions about their cram/preparatory school attendance, and were asked to describe how they perceived the relationship between cram/preparatory schools and competition. The free descriptive answers were content-analysed and categorized. The majority of the respondents not only saw a relationship between the two but also listed a number of functions that increased students ’ competitive advantage. Educational experts ’ and sociologists ’ common criticism that shadow education has detrimental effect on fairness or equal chances in education was hardly at all expressed. Relatively few students expressed doubts or emphasized the negative or harmful side of cram/preparatory school attendance and competition. The results call the attention to the importance of studying different aspects of shadow education more in-depth from the direct “ users ’” i.e, the students ’ perspective as well. “ If there is extreme competitive atmosphere, it ’ s not agreeable. But if pupils go there ’ just for studying ’ , I think there ’ s no problem. So, it depends on each place. Those schools exist based on competition but they can be both good and bad depending on the minds of each attending person. When I was in junior high school, I went to cram school for one year and a half. (I quit it in the middle.) After I ﬁ nished high school, I went to preparatory school for one year to try the entrance exams of universities again. ” (University student, male)
The enviroments of T Tauri stars

The environments of T Tauri stars are probably determined by the interaction of a stellar wind with matter which is falling toward a newly formed star. As shown by Ulrich, the steady infall of cool gas with angular momentum toward the star leads to a density distribution with rhoproportionalr/sup -1/2/ inside a radius r/sub d/ and rhoproportionalr/sup -3/2/ outside r/sub d/. The radius r/sub d/ is determined by the angular momentum of the infalling gas. The expansion of the wind into this medium depends on the parameter . cap alpha. = M/sub w/v/sub w//M/sub in/v/sub in/(r/sub d/), where v/sub in/(r/sub d/) is the free-fall velocity at r/sub d/, M/sub in/ is the mass accretion rate, v/sub w/ is the wind velocity, and M/sub w/ is the mass loss rate. For . cap alpha. <1, the wind is trapped within r/sub d/, and for . cap alpha. <1, the wind can expand into the cloud. It is likely that the cloud gas is clumpy and that clumps are present in the wind region. If the clumps have sufficiently high surface densities, they fall toward the star. The interaction of the wind with the clumps can ionize the wind gas. This model is applied to T Tauri,more » and the resulting parameters are r/sub d/ = 10/sup 14/ cm, v/sub w/ = 150 km s/sup -1/, M/sub in/ = 10/sup -7/ M/sub sun/ yr/sup -1/, and M/sub w/ = 3 x 10/sup -8/ M/sub sun/ yr/sup -1/. The inflow is clumpy. The shocked wind gives the radio emission and nebular emission from T Tauri, and dust within the clumps gives the infrared emission. T Tauri is in a transitory phase in which most of the wind has only recently propagated beyond r/sub d/. The model naturally predicts variable obscuration of T Tauri stars because the infalling clumps move on nonradial trajectories. The infrared emission can vary either because of structural changes in the circumstellar gas or because of variations in the stellar luminosity. Infrared variability should be small at short time scales because of light-travel time effects. « less
Parameters Estimation For Image Restoration

Image degradation generally occurs due to transmission channel error, camera mis-focus, atmospheric turbulence, relative object-camera motion, etc. Such degradations are unavoidable while a scene is captured through a camera. As degraded images are having less scientiﬁc values, restoration of such images is extremely essential in many practical applications. In this thesis, attempts have been made to recover images from their degraded observations. Various degradations including, out-of-focus blur, motion blur, atmospheric turbulence blur along with Gaussian noise are considered. Basically image restoration schemes are based on classical, regularisation parameter estimation and PSF estimation. In this thesis, ﬁve diﬀerent contributions have been made based on various aspects of restoration. Four of them deal with spatial invariant degradation and in one of the approach we attempt for removal of spatial variant degradation. Two diﬀerent schemes are proposed to estimate the motion blur parameters. Two dimensional Gabor ﬁlter has been used to calculate the direction of the blur. Radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) has been utilised to ﬁnd the length of the blur. Subsequently, Wiener ﬁlter has been used to restore the images. Noise robustness of the proposed scheme is tested with diﬀerent noise strengths. The blur parameter estimation problem is modelled as a pattern classiﬁcation problem and is solved using support vector machine (SVM). The length parameter of motion blur and sigma (σ) parameter of Gaussian blur are identiﬁed through multi-class SVM. Support vector regression (SVR) has been utilised to obtain a true mapping of the images from the observed noisy blurred image. The parameters in SVR play a key role in SVR performance and these are optimised through particle swarm optimisation (PSO) technique. The optimised SVR model is used to restore the noisy blurred images. Blur in the presence of noise makes the restoration problem ill-conditioned. The regularisation parameter required for restoration of noisy blurred image is discussed and for the purpose, a global optimisation scheme namely PSO is utilisedto minimise the cost function of generalised cross validation (GCV) measure, which is dependent on regularisation parameter. This eliminates the problem of falling into a local minima. The scheme adapts to degradations due to motion and out-of-focus blur, associated with noise of varying strengths. In another contribution, an attempt has been made to restore images degraded due to rotational motion. Such situation is considered as spatial variant blur and handled by considering this as a combination of a number of spatial invariant blurs. The proposed scheme divides the blurred image into a number of images using elliptical path modelling. Each image is deblurred separately using Wiener ﬁlter and ﬁnally integrated to construct the whole image. Each model is studied separately, and experiments are conducted to evaluate their performances. The visual as well as the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR in dB) of restored images are compared with competent recent schemes.
Iron Deﬁciency and Helicobacter pylori Infection in the United States

Using data from the current National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2000), the authors assessed whether Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with iron deﬁciency and iron-deﬁciency anemia (IDA) in the United States. Iron deﬁciency was deﬁned as at least two abnormal results out of three biomarkers of iron stores. IDA was deﬁned as a low hemoglobin level in the presence of iron deﬁciency. H. pylori infection was measured by serology. Complex survey estimators were used in the analysis. For 7,462 survey participants aged (cid:1) 3 years, H. pylori infection was associated with decreased serum ferritin levels (percent change ¼ (cid:2) 13.9%, 95% conﬁdence interval (CI): (cid:2) 19.5, (cid:2) 8.0) but not with levels of free erythrocyte protoporphyrin, transferrin saturation, or hemoglobin (percent change ¼ 1.5%, (cid:2) 2.8%, and (cid:2) 1.1%, respectively). Multinomial logistic regression analyses indicated that H. pylori infection was associated with the prevalence of IDA (prevalence odds ratio (POR) ¼ 2.6, 95% CI: 1.5, 4.6) and, to a lesser degree, other types of anemia (POR ¼ 1.3, 95% CI: 1.0, 1.7). H. pylori infection was associated with a 40% increase in the prevalence of iron deﬁciency (POR ¼ 1.4, 95% CI: 0.9, 2.0) after controlling for relevant covariates. In the United States, H. pylori infection was associated with iron deﬁciency/ IDA regardless of the presence or absence of peptic ulcer disease.
EVALUATION OF ADAPTOGENIC ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF TERMINALIA TOMENTOSA IN EXPERIMENTAL MICE

: The present investigation highlights the effect of Terminalia tomentosa against stress. The effect of Terminalia tomentosa was studied on swim endurance test, anoxia tolerance test, cold restain stress. The active component responsible for this activity may be flavonoid. The present results provide strong evidence that the aqueous extract of barks of Terminalia tomentosa has a definitive anti-stress activity. Mice (20-25 gm) were used. Mice were housed into groups of five under standard laboratory conditions of temperature 25 ± 1ºC with free access to food and water. Terminalia tomentosa extract was dissolved in distilled water and administered orally.
in barley have two with

Understanding the interactions between mineral nutrition and disease is essential for crop management. Our previous studies with Arabidopsis thaliana demonstrated that potassium (K) deprivation induced the biosynthesis of jasmonate (JA) and increased the p lant’s resistance to herbivorous insects. Here we addressed the question how tissue K affects the development of fungal pathogens and whether sensitivity of the pathogens to JA could play a role for the K-disease relationship in barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. Optic). We report that K-deprived barley plants showed increased leaf concentrations of JA and other oxylipins. Furthermore, a natural tip-to base K-concentrations gradient within leaves of K-sufficient plants was quantitatively mirrored by the transcript levels of JA-responsive genes. The local leaf tissue K concentrations affected the development of two economically important fungi in opposite ways, showing a positive correlation with powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis) and a negative correlation with leaf scald (Rhynchosporium commune) disease symptoms. B. graminis induced a JA-response in the plant and was sensitive to methyl-JA treatment while R. commune initiated no JA-response and was JA-insensitive. Our study challenges the view that high K generally improves plant health and suggests that JA-sensitivity of pathogens could be an important factor determining the exact K-disease relationship.
Pro ﬁ le of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir in the treatment of hepatitis C

: The treatment of chronic hepatitis C has been revolutionized with the introduction of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). However, some patients are not cured with ﬁ rst-line treatment. Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir is a ﬁ xed-dose combination of a polymerase inhibitor, an NS5A inhibitor, and a protease inhibitor with activity against strains of the hepatitis C virus that show resistance to other ﬁ rst-line antiviral regimens. Sofosbuvir/velpa-tasvir/voxilaprevir has been studied in four Phase III randomized trials: POLARIS-1, − 2, − 3, and − 4, which enrolled both treatment naïve and experienced patients with and without compensated cirrhosis. In these trials, at least 95% of patients treated with sofosbuvir/velpa-tasvir/voxilaprevir achieved sustained virological response (SVR). This includes favorable treatment outcomes in patients who had previously failed a regimen containing sofosbuvir or an NS5A inhibitor. Patient-reported outcomes also improved during and after treatment with sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir. Treatment with sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir is well tolerated, with the most commonly reported adverse events being headache, fatigue, diarrhea, and nausea. The approval of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir allows a treatment option for patients who have failed treatment with certain DAA regimens.
1 2 M ay 2 00 0 Generalization of the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy : Logistic-and periodic-like dissipative maps at the chaos threshold

Ugur Tirnakli, Garin F.J. Ananos and Constantino Tsallis Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rua Xavier Sigaud 150, 22290-180 Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey Department of Physics, University of North Texas, P.O. Box 311427, Denton, Texas 76203, USA Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501, USA tirnakli@sci.ege. edu.tr, fedorja@cbpf.br, tsallis@cbpf.br
TCF4 may act as a tumor suppressor gene in colorectal carcinogenesis

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading malignancies as being the third most cause of cancer causing death in the world. Carcinogenesis is a complex process caused by various genetic and epigenetic changes in various genes like tumor suppressor genes, DNA repair genes, translation regulatory genes and others. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays multiple and diverse roles in development by regulating gene expression via T-cell factor/Lymphoid enhancer-binding factor (Tcf/Lef) DNA binding factors. Misregulation of this pathway is thought to initiate colon adenoma formation. The Wnt pathways with its molecular gladiator Tcf4 plays an important role in transforming a normal tissue into a malignant one. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of aberrations in Tcf4 gene in the pathogenesis of CRC in the Kashmir valley. Materials and Methods: We examined the paired tumor and normal-tissue specimens of 100 CRC patients from Apr 2010June 2013, from Department of Surgery, Government Medical College, Srinagar and its associated hospital Shri Maharaja Hari Singh Hospital (SMHS) and analysis of promoter hypermethylation for exon 1 and intron 8 of Tcf4 gene was also carried out using Methylation-specific PCR (MS-PCR). Results and Conclusion: Promoter hypermethylation of Tcf4 of the exon 1 of Tcf4 gene among 100 CRC cases was found to be 66 per cent (66 of 100) and for intron 8, it was 70%. Besides in both cases of males and females, the hypermethylation status of intron 8 is more than exon 1 of World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research SJIF Impact Factor 5.045 Volume 3, Issue 8, 431-443. Research Article ISSN 2277 – 7105 Article Received on 10 August 2014, Revised on 05 Sept 2014, Accepted on 28 Sept 2014
Ju n 20 05 Quantum Computing in the Presence of Spontaneous Emission By a Combined Dynamical Decoupling and Quantum Error Correction Strategy

A new method for quantum computation in the presence of spontaneous emission is proposed. The method combines strong and fast (dynamical decoupling) pulses and a quantum error correcting code that encodes n logical qubits into only n + 1 physical qubits. Universal, fault-tolerant, quantum computation is shown to be possible in this scheme using Hamiltonians relevant to a range of promising proposals for the physical implementation of quantum computers.
Ju n 20 03 Imperial / TP / 203 / 15 A New Approach to Quantising Space-Time : III . State Vectors as Functions on Arrows

In [1], a new approach was suggested for quantising space-time, or space. This involved developing a procedure for quantising a system whose configuration space—or history-theory analogue—is the set of objects, Ob(Q), in a (small) category Q. The quantum states in this approach are cross-sections of a bundle A ❀ K[A] of Hilbert spaces over Ob(Q). The Hilbert spaces K[A], A ∈ Ob(Q), depend strongly on the object A, and have to be chosen so as to get an irreducible, faithful, representation of the basic ‘category quantisation monoid’. In the present paper, we develop a different approach in which the state vectors are complex-valued functions on the set of arrows in Q. This throws a new light on the Hilbert bundle scheme: in particular, we recover the results of that approach in the, physically important, example when Q is a small category of finite sets. email: c.isham@imperial.ac. uk