Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
POSSIBLE IMPLICATIONS OF THE PLANET ORBITING THE RED HORIZONTAL BRANCH STAR HIP 13044

We propose a scenario to account for the surprising orbital properties of the planet orbiting the metal-poor red horizontal branch star HIP 13044. The orbital period of 16.2 days implies that the planet went through a common envelope phase inside the red giant branch (RGB) stellar progenitor of HIP 13044. The present properties of the star imply that it maintained a substantial envelope mass of 0.3 M☉, raising the question of how the planet survived the common envelope before the envelope itself was lost? If such a planet enters the envelope of an RGB star, it is expected to spiral-in to the very inner region within ≲ 100 yr, and be evaporated or destroyed by the core. We speculate that the planet was engulfed by the star as a result of the core helium flash that caused this metal-poor star to swell by a factor of ∼3–4. The evolution following the core helium flash is very rapid, and some of the envelope is lost due to the interaction with the planet, and the rest of the envelope shrinks within about a hundred years. This is about equal to the spiraling-in time, and the planet survived.
Parameter estimation with Sandage-Loeb test

The Sandage-Loeb (SL) test directly measures the expansion rate of the universe in the redshift range of 2 ≲ z ≲ 5 by detecting redshift drift in the spectra of Lyman-α forest of distant quasars. We discuss the impact of the future SL test data on parameter estimation for the ΛCDM, the wCDM, and the w0waCDM models. To avoid the potential inconsistency with other observational data, we take the best-fitting dark energy model constrained by the current observations as the fiducial model to produce 30 mock SL test data. The SL test data provide an important supplement to the other dark energy probes, since they are extremely helpful in breaking the existing parameter degeneracies. We show that the strong degeneracy between Ωm and H0 in all the three dark energy models is well broken by the SL test. Compared to the current combined data of type Ia supernovae, baryon acoustic oscillation, cosmic microwave background, and Hubble constant, the 30-yr observation of SL test could improve the constraints on Ωm and H0 by more than 60% for all the three models. But the SL test can only moderately improve the constraint on the equation of state of dark energy. We show that a 30-yr observation of SL test could help improve the constraint on constant w by about 25%, and improve the constraints on w0 and wa by about 20% and 15%, respectively. We also quantify the constraining power of the SL test in the future high-precision joint geometric constraints on dark energy. The mock future supernova and baryon acoustic oscillation data are simulated based on the space-based project JDEM. We find that the 30-yr observation of SL test would help improve the measurement precision of Ωm, H0, and wa by more than 70%, 20%, and 60%, respectively, for the w0waCDM model.
a General Solution in the Newtonian Limit of f(R)-GRAVITY

We show that any analytic f(R)-gravity model, in the metric approach, presents a weak field limit where the standard Newtonian potential is corrected by a Yukawa-like term. This general result has never been pointed out but often derived for some particular theories. This means that only f(R) = R allows to recover the standard Newton potential while this is not the case for other relativistic theories of gravity. Some considerations on the physical consequences of such a general solution are addressed.
A metageometric enquiry concerning time, space, and quantum physics

An enquiry into the physical nature of time and space and into the ontology of quantum mechanics from a metageometric perspective, resulting from the belief that geometric thought and language are powerless to farther understanding of these issues, restricting instead physical progress. The nature and assumptions of quantum gravity are analysed critically, including misgivings about the relevance of the Planck scale to it and its lack of observational referent in the natural world. The anthropic foundations of geometry are investigated. The exclusive use of geometric thought from antiquity to present-day physics is found to permeate all new attempts towards better theories, including quantum gravity and, within it, even pregeometry. The problem of the ether is found to have perpetuated itself up to the present by transmuting its form from mechanical, through metric, to geometric. A clarification is made of the physical, mathematical, and psychological foundations of relativity and quantum theories. The former is founded geometrically on measurement-based clock-reading separations ds. The latter is founded metageometrically on the experiment-based concepts of premeasurement and transition things, inspired in the physically unexplored aspect of time as a consciousness-related product. A concept of metageometric time is developed and coordinate time t is recovered from it. Discovery of the connection between quantum-mechanical metageometric time elements and general-relativistic clock time elements ds is deemed necessary for a combined understanding of time. Time is conjectured to be the missing link between general relativity and quantum mechanics.
CALCULATING ASTEROSEISMIC DIAGRAMS FOR SOLAR-LIKE OSCILLATIONS

With the success of the Kepler and CoRoT missions, the number of stars with detected solar-like oscillations has increased by several orders of magnitude; for the first time we are able to perform large-scale ensemble asteroseismology of these stars. In preparation for this golden age of asteroseismology we have computed expected values of various asteroseismic observables from models of varying mass and metallicity. The relationships between these asteroseismic observables, such as the separations between mode frequencies, are able to significantly constrain estimates of the ages and masses of these stars. We investigate the scaling relation between the large frequency separation, Δν, and mean stellar density. Furthermore we present model evolutionary tracks for several asteroseismic diagrams. We have extended the so-called C-D diagram beyond the main sequence to the subgiants and the red giant branch. We also consider another asteroseismic diagram, the ϵ diagram, which is more sensitive to variations in stellar properties at the subgiant stages and can aid in determining the correct mode identification. The recent discovery of gravity-mode period spacings in red giants forms the basis for a third asteroseismic diagram. We compare the evolutionary model tracks in these asteroseismic diagrams with results from pre-Kepler studies of solar-like oscillations and early results from Kepler.
In vitro lipoxygenase and hemolysis inhibition by polyphenolic antioxidants from tropical green leafy vegetables

Consumption of green leafy vegetables, a nutrient-dense food, is associated with protective roles in human health and a reduction in risk of cancer, cardiovascular, and other inflammatory diseases. Phytochemical components such as phenolics and flavonoids are said to contribute to these benefits. Data on the anti-inflammatory potential and phenolic content of many Indian green leafy vegetables is still scanty. We investigated eleven tropical green leafy vegetables for their phenolic and flavonoid content along with anti-inflammatory and free radical scavenging properties. Black nightshade had the lowest phenolic and flavonoid content (2.36 mg Gallic Acid Equivalents/g DW and 1.66 mg Rutin Equivalents/g DW), whereas desert horsepurslane (41.73 mg GAE/g DW) and red amaranth (27.18 mg RE/g DW) had the highest phenolic and flavonoid content, respectively. Similarly, the free radical scavenging activity for 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) ranged from 10.57 – 84.97 % inhibition and 50.73 – 266.48 µg Trolox Equivalents/g DW for 2, 2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline6-sulphonate (ABTS) decolorization assay. The phenolic and flavonoid content correlated significantly with the radical scavenging activity. The hemolysis and lipoxygenase inhibition was observed to be lowest in Amaranthus sp. and desert horsepurslane (6.08% and 53.75 %) and highest in dill and fenugreek (69.94% and 78.55 %), respectively. Overall, our study adds to the polyphenolic and antioxidant data available on green leafy vegetables, in addition to highlighting their anti-inflammatory potential
The red supergiant and supernova rate problems: Implications for core-collapse supernova physics

Mapping supernovae to their progenitors is fundamental to understanding the collapse of massive stars. We investigate the red supergiant problem, which concerns why red supergiants with masses $\sim16$-$30 M_\odot$ have not been identified as progenitors of Type IIP supernovae, and the supernova rate problem, which concerns why the observed cosmic supernova rate is smaller than the observed cosmic star formation rate. We find key physics to solving these in the compactness parameter, which characterizes the density structure of the progenitor. If massive stars with compactness above $\xi_{2.5} \sim 0.2$ fail to produce canonical supernovae, (i) stars in the mass range $16$-$30 M_\odot$ populate an island of stars that have high $\xi_{2.5}$ and do not produce canonical supernovae, and (ii) the fraction of such stars is consistent with the missing fraction of supernovae relative to star formation. We support this scenario with a series of two- and three-dimensional radiation hydrodynamics core-collapse simulations. Using more than 300 progenitors covering initial masses $10.8$-$75 M_\odot$ and three initial metallicities, we show that high compactness is conducive to failed explosions. We then argue that a critical compactness of $\sim 0.2$ as the divide between successful and failed explosions is consistent with state-of-the-art three-dimensional core-collapse simulations. Our study implies that numerical simulations of core collapse need not produce robust explosions in a significant fraction of compact massive star initial conditions.
Quantum-well states and discontinuities in opto-electrical characteristics of SCH lasers.

Computer simulations with Synopsys’ Sentaurus TCAD of optoelectrical characteristics of separate-confinement heterostructure laser based on AlGaAs are used as an example to study the role of the width and depth of Quantum Well (QW) active region on laser characteristics, I-V and I-L, below and above the lasing threshold. The device properties depend on both, the number of bound QW states and on closeness of the highest bound states to conduction or valence band offset. The lasing action may not exist at certain widths or hights of QW, the threshold current is a discontinuous function of these parameters. The effects are more pronounced at low temperatures. Discontinuities in characteristics may be observed at certain conditions in temperature dependencies of laser parameters.
ON THE DISRUPTION OF STAR CLUSTERS IN A HIERARCHICAL INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM

The distribution of the number of clusters as a function of mass M and age T suggests that clusters get eroded or dispersed in a regular way over time, such that the cluster number decreases inversely as an approximate power law with T within each fixed interval of M. This power law is inconsistent with standard dispersal mechanisms such as cluster evaporation and cloud collisions. In the conventional interpretation, it requires the unlikely situation where diverse mechanisms stitch together over time in a way that is independent of environment or M. Here, we consider another model in which the large-scale distribution of gas in each star-forming region plays an important role. We note that star clusters form with positional and temporal correlations in giant cloud complexes, and suggest that these complexes dominate the tidal force and collisional influence on a cluster during its first several hundred million years. Because the cloud complex density decreases regularly with position from the cluster birth site, the harassment and collision rates between the cluster and the cloud pieces decrease regularly with age as the cluster drifts. This decrease is typically a power law of the form required to explain the mass–age distribution. We reproduce this distribution for a variety of cases, including rapid disruption, slow erosion, combinations of these two, cluster–cloud collisions, cluster disruption by hierarchical disassembly, and partial cluster disruption. We also consider apparent cluster mass loss by fading below the surface brightness limit of a survey. In all cases, the observed log M–log T diagram can be reproduced under reasonable assumptions.
Self-energy renormalization for inhomogeneous nonequilibrium systems and field expansion via complete set of time-dependent wavefunctions

The way to determine the renormalized energy of inhomogeneous systems of a quantum field under an external potential is established for both equilibrium and nonequilibrium scenarios based on thermo field dynamics. The key step is to find an extension of the on-shell concept valid in homogeneous case. In the nonequilibrium case, we expand the field operator by time-dependent wavefunctions that are solutions of the appropriately chosen differential equation, synchronizing with temporal change of thermal situation, and the quantum transport equation is derived from the renormalization procedure. Through numerical calculations of a triple-well model with a reservoir, we show that the number distribution and the time-dependent wavefunctions are relaxed consistently to the correct equilibrium forms at the long-term limit.
Non-equilibrium chemistry and cooling in the diffuse interstellar medium – I. Optically thin regime

An accurate treatment of the multiphase interstellar medium (ISM) in hydrodynamic galaxy simulations requires that we follow not only the thermal evolution of the gas, but also the evolution of its chemical state, including its molecular chemistry, without assuming chemical (including ionisation) equilibrium. We present a reaction network that can be used to solve for this thermo-chemical evolution. Our model follows the evolution of all ionisation states of the 11 elements that dominate the cooling rate, along with important molecules such as H2 and CO, and the intermediate molecular species that are involved in their formation (20 molecules in total). We include chemical reactions on dust grains, thermal processes involving dust, cosmic ray ionisation and heating and photochemical reactions. We focus on conditions typical for the diffuse ISM, with densities of 10^-2 cm^-3 10^2 cm^-3. Finally, we investigate the impact of non-equilibrium chemistry on the cooling functions of isochorically or isobarically cooling gas. We find that, at T < 10^4 K, recombination lags increase the electron abundance above its equilibrium value at a given temperature, which can enhance the cooling rate by up to two orders of magnitude. The cooling gas also shows lower H2 abundances than in equilibrium, by up to an order of magnitude.
Effectiveness of a Two-Year Multicomponent Intervention for the Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Older People

This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a two-year intervention based on the Mediterranean diet for the treatment of overweight and obesity in a sample of 51 older people from the Mediterranean city of Alicante (Spain). We also examined the effects of the intervention on psychological well-being. The participants were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The experimental group received group nutritional education sessions, an individualized dietary–nutritional treatment based on a Mediterranean diet, and a physical activity program; the control group received Mediterranean nutritional education in a written format. The experimental group showed a greater loss in weight (p = 0.017) and percentage of fat mass (p = 0.049), and a greater reduction in body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.014) and waist circumference (p = 0.010). Both groups improved their depression scores using the PHQ-9; however, no significant improvement was seen in adherence to the Mediterranean diet (PREDIMED) and anxiety level (GAD-7). These results suggest that a two-year intervention based on the Mediterranean diet allows an older population with overweight or obesity to achieve greater weight loss and a greater decrease in BMI, waist circumference, and fat mass percentage. In relation to psychological well-being, depression levels improved at the end of said intervention.
The kilosecond variability of X-ray sources in nearby galaxies

Chandra observations of 17 nearby galaxies were analyzed and 166 bright sources with X-ray counts > 100 were chosen for temporal analysis. Fractional root mean square (rms) variability amplitudes were estimated for light curves, binned at ∼ 4 kilosecond (ks), with length ∼ 40 ks. While there are nine ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULXs) with unabsorbed luminosity (in the 0.3–8.0 keV band) L > 1039 erg s−1 in the sample for which the fractional rms variability is constrained to be < 10%, only two of them show variability. One of the variable ULXs exhibits a secular transition and has an ultra-soft spectrum with temperature ∼ 0.3 keV while the other is a rapidly varying source in NGC 0628, which has previously been compared to the Galactic microquasar GRS 1915+105. These results seem to indicate that ULXs are typically not highly variable on ks timescales, except for some ultra-soft ones. Among the relatively low luminosity sources (L ∼ 1038 erg s−1), we find five of them to be variable. Apart from an earlier known source in NGC 1569, we identify a source in NGC 2403 that exhibits persistent high amplitude fluctuations. In general, the variability of the sources does not seem to be correlated with hardness, which indicates that they may not be due to variations in any absorbing material, but instead could reflect instabilities in the inner accretion disk.
A Feature Selection Method via Graph Embedding and Global Sensitivity Analysis

Feature selection (FS) has been a prominent research topic for a long time, not only in hyperspectral image (HSI) classification but also in other related fields. It has gained even more popularity recently, especially with the growing interest in explainable artificial intelligence (AI) studies. The literature on FS is extensively studied not only in remote sensing but also in the domain of computer science. However, most of the conventional approaches ignore information about the manifold structure of the data, which might be critical, especially for the analysis of hyperspectral data due to their complex nonlinear structure. This study introduces an FS approach based on graph embedding (GE) and global sensitivity analysis, utilizing the first-order terms of the high dimensional model representation (HDMR). The effectiveness of the proposed method is analyzed on four hyperspectral datasets utilizing some evaluation criteria, including classification accuracy and clustering quality, and compared to seven state-of-the-art FS methods. The results show that the proposed method typically outperforms the others and is notably more computationally efficient.
A Multifunctional Device Based on Graphene/Silicon Heterojunction

Heterojunction devices based on two-dimensional materials have been widely studied in the fields of electronics and optoelectronics. As the complexity of the chip system increases, the ability to realize multi-function in a single device is increasingly in demand. Here, we propose a multifunctional device based on graphene/silicon heterojunction, which can operate in photodetection mode or tunable rectifier mode. The heterojunction barrier is tunable by the external electric field. The photodetection range covers ultraviolet to visible, and the responsivity can reach 51 A/W and 495 A/W at 266 nm and 532 nm while keeping the off-state current at a low level of 10−8 A. With the control of the external electric field, the device can also function as a tunable rectifier to achieve three states: positive-pass, off, and negative-pass, which can be applied in signal processing and logic circuit. The multifunctional integrated device has potential in future optoelectronic logic applications while reducing the cost and the device footprint.
Luminosity function of faint Galactic sources in the Chandra bulge field

We study the statistical properties of faint X-ray sources detected in the Chandra Bulge Field. The unprecedented sensitivity of the Chandra observations allows us to probe the population of faint Galactic X-ray sources down to luminosities L2 10keV 10 30 erg s 1 at the Galactic Center distance. We show that the luminosity function of these CBF sources agrees well with the luminosity function of sources in the Solar vicinity (Sazonov et al. 2006). The cumulative luminosity density of sources detected in the CBF in the luminosity range 10 30 10 32 erg s 1 per unit stellar mass is L2 10keV=M? = (1:7 0:3) 10 27 erg s 1 M 1 . Taking into account sources in the luminosity range 10 32 10 34 erg s 1 from Sazonov et al. (2006), the cumulative luminosity density in the broad luminosity range 10 30 10 34 erg s 1 becomes L2 10keV=M? = (2:4 0:4) 10 27 erg s 1 per M . The majority of sources with the faintest luminosities should be active binary stars with hot coronae based on the available luminosity function of X-ray sources in the Solar environment.
Visualizing Automorphisms of Graph Algebras

Many fundamental properties of graph C*-algebras may be determined directly from the structure of the underlying graph, and because of this, they have been celebrated as C*-algebras that can be seen. This paper shows how permutative endomorphisms of graph C*-algebras can be represented by labelled directed multigraphs that give visual representations of the endomorphisms and facilitate computations. This formalism provides a useful calculus for permutative automorphisms and allows efficient exhaustive construction of such automorphisms.
A representation theory approach to integral moments of L-functions over function fields

We propose a new heuristic approach to integral moments of L-functions over function fields, which we demonstrate in the case of Dirichlet characters ramified at one place (the function field analogue of the moments of the Riemann zeta function, where we think of the character n^{it} as ramified at the infinite place). We represent the moment as a sum of traces of Frobenius on cohomology groups associated to irreducible representations. Conditional on a hypothesis on the vanishing of some of these cohomology groups, we calculate the moments of the L-function and they match the predictions of the Conrey-Farmer-Keating-Rubinstein-Snaith recipe. In this case, the decomposition into irreducible representations seems to separate the main term and error term, which are mixed together in the long sums obtained from the approximate functional equation, even when it is dyadically decomposed. This makes our heuristic statement relatively simple, once the geometric background is set up. We hope that this will clarify the situation in more difficult cases like the L-functions of quadratic Dirichlet characters to squarefree modulus. There is also some hope for a geometric proof of this cohomological hypothesis, which would resolve the moment problem for these L-functions in the large degree limit over function fields.
Holographic thermalization with radial flow

Recently, a lot of effort has been put into describing the thermalization of the quark-gluon plasma using the gauge/gravity duality. In this context we here present a full numerical solution of the early far-from-equilibrium formation of the plasma, which is expanding radially in the transverse plane and is boost invariant along the collision axis. This can model the early stage of a head-on relativistic heavy ion collision. The resulting momentum distribution quickly reaches local equilibrium, after which they can be evolved using ordinary hydrodynamics. We comment on general implications for these hydrodynamic simulations, both for central and non-central collisions, and including fluctuations in the initial state.