Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Feature Based Segmentation of Colour Textured Images using Markov Random Field Model

The problem of image segmentation has been investigated with a focus on colored textured image segmentation.Texture is a substantial feature for the analysis of different types of images. Texture segmentation has an assortment of important applications ranging from vision guided autonomous robotics and remote sensing to medical diagnosis and retrieval in large image databases. But the main problem with the textured images is that they contain texture elements of various sizes and in some cases each of which can itself be textured.Thus the texture image segmentation is widely discerned as a difficult and thought-provoking problem.In this thesis an attempt has been made to devise methodologies for automated color textured image segmentation scheme. This problem has been addressed in the literature, still many key open issues remain to be investigated. As an initial step in this direction, this thesis proposes two methods which address the problem of color texture image segmentation through feature extraction approach in partially supervised approach.The feature extraction approaches can be classified into feature based and model based techniques.In feature based technique features are assessed without any model in mind. But in case of model based approach an inherent mathematical model lets eatures to be measured by fitting the model to the texture.The inherent features of the texture are captured in a set of parameters in order to understand the properties generating the texture. Nevertheless, a clear distinction can not be made between the two approaches and hence a combination of approaches from different categories is frequently adopted. In textured image segmentation, image model assumes a significant role and is developed by capturing salient spatial properties of an image. Markov random field (MRF)theory provides a convenient and consistent way to model context dependent entities.In this context a new scheme is proposed using Gaussian MRF model where the segmentation problem is formulated as a pixel labeling problem.The a priori class labels are modeled as Markov random field model and the number of classes is known a priori in partially supervised framework.The image label estimation problem is cast in Bayesian framework using Maximum a Posteriori (MAP)criterion and the MAP estimates of the image labels are obtained using iterated conditional modes (ICM) algorithm. Though the MRF model takes into account the local spatial interactions, it has a limitation in modeling natural scenes of distinct regions. Hence in our formulation, the first scheme takes into account within and between color plane interactions to incorporate spectraland contextual features. Genetic algorithm is employed for the initialization of ICM algorithm to obtain MAP estimates of image labels. The faster convergence property of the ICM algorithm and global convergence property of genetic algorithm are hybridized to obtain segmentation with better accuracy as well as faster convergence.
Phase-averaged stereo-PIV flow field and force/moment/motion measurements for surface combatant in PMM maneuvers

Towing-tank experiments are performed for a surface combatant as it undergoes static and dynamic planar motion mechanism maneuvers in calm water. The data includes global forces/moment/motions and phase-averaged local flow-fields, and uncertainty assessment. The geometry is DTMB model 5512, which is a 1/46.6 scale geosym of DTMB model 5415, with L = 3.048 m. The experiments are performed in a 3.048 × 3.048 × 100 m towing tank. The measurement system features a custom designed planar motion mechanism, a towed stereoscopic particle image velocimetry system, a Krypton contactless motion tracker, and a 6-component loadcell. The forces/moment and UA are conducted in collaboration with two international facilities (FORCE and INSEAN), including test matrix and overlapping tests using the same model geometry but with different scales. Quality of the data is assessed by monitoring the statistical convergence, including tests for randomness, stationarity, and normality. Uncertainty is assessed following the ASME Standards (1998 and 2005). Hydrodynamic derivatives are determined from the forces/moment data by using the Abkowitz (1966) mathematical model, with two different ‘Multiple-Run (MR)’ and ‘Single-Run (SR)’ methods. The results for reconstructions of the forces/moment indicate that usually the MR method is more accurate than the SR. Comparisons are made of the hydrodynamic derivatives across different facilities. The scale effect is small for sway derivatives, whereas considerable for yaw derivatives. Heave, pitch, and roll motions exhibit cross-coupling between the motions and forces and moment data, as expect based on ship motions theory. Hydrodynamic derivatives are compared between different mount conditions. Linear derivatives values are less sensitive to the mounting conditions, whereas the non-linear derivatives are considerably different. Phase-averaged flowfield results indicate maneuvering-induced vortices and their interactions with the turbulent boundary layer. The tests are sufficiently documented and detailed so as to be useful as benchmark EFD data for CFD validation.
Sorkin's third-order interference term in quantum logics with unique conditional probabilities

Considering not only the well-known two-slit experiment, but also experiments with three slits, Sorkin introduced the third-order interference term I3 and discovered that the absence of third-order interference (I3=0) is typical of quantum mechanics where only second-order interference occurs. In the present paper, the interference term I3 is ported to the quantum logics with unique conditional probabilities. In this framework, the identity I3=0 does not hold in general and its consequences are analysed. A first result reveals a close link between this identity and the existence of a product in the order-unit space generated by the quantum logic. In the general case, this product is neither commutative nor associative. By a second result, the order-unit space becomes a Jordan algebra, if each element behaves like one would expect from an observable (i.e., its square is positive and there is a polynomial functional calculus). Almost all such Jordan algebras can be represented as operator algebras on a Hilbert space, and a reconstruction of quantum mechanics up to this point is thus achieved from the absence of third-order interference and a few other principles. Besides the identity I3=0, two further interesting properties of quantum mechanics distinguishing it from more general theories are studied. These are a novel bound for quantum interference and a symmetry condition for the conditional probabilities.
A 2.5-GHz 1-V High Efficiency CMOS Power Amplifier IC with a Dual-Switching Transistor and Third Harmonic Tuning Technique

This paper presents a 2.5-GHz low-voltage, high-efficiency CMOS power amplifier (PA) IC in 0.18-µm CMOS technology. The combination of a dual-switching transistor (DST) and a third harmonic tuning technique is proposed. The DST effectively improves the gain at the saturation power region when the additional gain extension of the secondary switching transistor compensates for the gain compression of the primary one. To achieve high-efficiency performance, the third harmonic tuning circuit is connected in parallel to the output load. Therefore, the flattened drain current and voltage waveforms are generated, which in turn reduce the overlapping and the dc power consumption significantly. In addition, a 0.5-V back-gate voltage is applied to the primary switching transistor to realize the low-voltage operation. At 1 V of supply voltage, the proposed PA has achieved a power added efficiency (PAE) of 34.5% and a saturated output power of 10.1 dBm.
A data-driven approach to multi-product production network planning

Abstract The clearing function models the non-linear relationship between work-in-process and throughput and has been proposed for production planning in environments with queuing (congestion) effects. One approach in multi-product, multi-stage environments has been to model the clearing function at the bottleneck machine only. However, since the bottleneck shifts as the product release mix changes, this approach has its limitations. The other approach is the Alternative Clearing Function formulation, where the clearing function is first estimated at the resource level using piecewise linear regression from simulation experiments, and then embedded into a linear programme. This paper develops an alternative to the Allocated Clearing Function formulation, wherein system throughput is estimated at discrete work-in-process points. A mixed integer programming formulation is then presented to use these throughput estimates for discrete release choices. The strength of the formulation is illustrated with a numerical example and the new approach is compared with the ACF.
Metamathematics of modal logic

The techniques employed in the semantic analysis of propositional languages fall roughly into two kinds. The algebraic method treats formulae as polynomial symbols by interpreting logical connectives as operators on certain kinds of lattices. In the set-theoretic approach the models, or frames, carry structural features other than finitary operations, such as neighbourhood systems and finitary relations. Formulae are interpreted as subsets of the frame in a manner constrained by its particular structure. The of model are related. may be as of may be explore between and to discuss their and vehicle chosen for work is normal modal although the concepts and results developed may be parallelled in other contexts, for example, intuitionist logic.
Models for Synchrophasor With Step Discontinuities in Magnitude and Phase: Estimation and Performance

This paper proposes models for the reference phasor in the context of phasor measurement unit calibration, under conditions of step discontinuities in magnitude and phase, along with methods to estimate the model parameters. Two parametric mathematical models, which are proposed to represent these signals, are fitted to signal samples via an iterative numerical method. The proposed approach does not require any time adjustment of the analysis window to skip the discontinuity. The estimated parameters can be used to calculate the frequency, the magnitude, and the phase during magnitude or phase steps. During a window with the step transient, we propose reference phasors with an appropriate definition. Moreover, we quantify the errors of the phasor-related estimates, for both computer-simulated cases and laboratory measurements.
ROBUSTDETECTION OF TEXT IN NATURAL SCENE IMAGES

: Detection of text and identification in natural scene images has applications in computer vision systems such as license plate detection, automatic street sign translation, image retrieval and help for visually challenged people. The text images has complex background, blur, occluded text, different font-styles, and noises in image and variation in illumination . Hence, scene text recognition puts forth challenges in computer vision. Hence, a potent method based on Maximally Stable External Regions (MSER) has been used as described in this paper. Here, the text characters are clustered, separating them from high probable non-text characters with the help of text categorizer. The algorithm is then verified by testing it on images based on the predefined rules.
The use of complexity hierarchies in descriptive set theory and automata theory

The concept of a reduction between subsets of a given space is described, giving rise to various complexity hierarchies, studied both in descriptive set theory and in automata theory. We discuss in particular the Wadge and Lipschitz hierarchies for subsets of the Baire and Cantor spaces and the hierarchy of Borel reducibility for finitary relations on standard Borel spaces. The notions of Wadge and Lipschitz reductions are related to corresponding perfect information games.
Redefined Output Model-Free Adaptive Control Method and Unmanned Surface Vehicle Heading Control

Based on the model-free adaptive control (MFAC) theory, the heading control problem of an unmanned surface vehicle (USV) with uncertainties is researched. First, the compact form dynamic-linearization-based MFAC (CFDL-MFAC) method and its inherent failure problem with USV heading control are analyzed. Second, to solve the problem that the distinctive dynamic characteristics of USV heading control subsystem make the CFDL-MFAC unsuitable, the redefined output CFDL-MFAC (RO-CFDL- MFAC) method is proposed by introducing redefined output gain. Then, theoretical analysis shows that the RO-CFDL-MFAC method can be applied to the heading control subsystem, that is, it makes the heading control satisfy the quasi-linear assumption of MFAC. Next, the minimum range of redefined output gain and the main influences are analyzed, and the stability of RO-CFDL-MFAC method is theoretically proved. Finally, the simulation studies and field experiments demonstrate the validity and engineering practicability of the RO-CFDL-MFAC method.
Classification and genomic diversity of enterically transmitted viruses

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) are significant human pathogens and responsible for a substantial proportion of cases of frequently severe acute hepatitis worldwide. Genetically, both viruses are heterogeneous and are classified into several genotypes that differ in their geographical distributions and risk group 25 associations. There is however, little evidence that variants of HAV or HEV differ antigenically or in their propensity to cause severe disease. Genetically more divergent, but primarily hepatotropic variants of both HAV and HEV have been found in several mammalian species, those of HAV being classified into four species within the genus Hepatovirus in the virus family Picornaviridae. HEV is classified as a 30 member of the Hepevirus A in virus family Hepeviridae a species that additionally contains viruses infecting pigs and rabbits. Other species ( Hepevirus B-D ) infect a wide range other mammalian species including rodents and bats.
A unified framework of rapid exponential stability and optimal feedback control for nonlinear systems

A novel framework of rapid exponential stability and optimal feedback control is investigated and analyzed for a class of nonlinear systems through a variant of continuous Lyapunov functions and Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation. Rapid exponential stability means that the trajectories of nonlinear systems converge to equilibrium states in accelerated time. The sufficient conditions of rapid exponential stability are developed using continuous Lyapunov functions for nonlinear systems. Furthermore, according to a variant of continuous Lyapunov functions, a rapid exponential stability is guaranteed which satisfies some canonical conditions and Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation for controlled nonlinear systems. It is can be seen that the solution of Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation is a continuous Lyapunov function, and, therefore, rapid exponential stability and optimality are guaranteed for nonlinear systems. Last, the main result of this article is investigated via a nonlinear model of a spacecraft with one axis of symmetry through simulations and is used to check rapid exponential stability. Moreover, for the disturbance problem of initial point, a rapid exponential stable controller can reject the large-scale disturbances for controlled nonlinear systems. In addition, the proposed optimal feedback controller is applied to the tracking trajectories of 2-degree-of-freedom manipulator, and the numerical results have illustrated high efficiency and robustness in real time. The simulation results demonstrate the use of the rapid exponential stability and optimal feedback approach for real-time nonlinear systems.
Salivary Histatin 5 Level in Women with Vaginal Candidiasis

Histatins (Hsts) are considered a prominent member of antimicrobial peptides rich in histidine, bearing antifungal activity against Candida species. Hst5 is the most effective among them. Although Hst5 is not found in the cervicovaginal fluid, it has been detected in the human serum. Saliva acts as a mirror, reflecting the cause and effect relationship between several diseases. We aimed to show the salivary Hst5 levels with vaginal candidiasis. Women in the reproductive age group (18–50 years) were enrolled in the study. Patients and controls were classified based on the presence or absence of vaginal discharge suggestive of candidiasis, respectively. Vaginal and salivary samples were collected from all the women. Vaginal samples were cultured for the growth of Candida species. Salivary samples were tested by protein electrophoresis to detect Hst5 levels, and the results were compared between the two groups. A total of 80 women were included in this study. The mean age of women in vaginal candidiasis and control groups was 34.25 ± 8.06 and 36.83 ± 7.29 years, respectively. Candida species were isolated from the vaginal samples of the patient group (34 C. albicans, 6 non-Candida albicans) but not from the control group. Hst5 levels in the patient and control group were found to be 0.0571 ± 0.003 ng/mL and 0.0641 ± 0,0031 ng/mL, respectively. Hst5 levels were found to be significantly lower in the vaginal candidiasis group (p=0.001). We conclude that decreased salivary Hst5 levels in women are associated with vaginal candidiasis. Candida infection is a cause or result of lower salivary Hst5 levels, and it may be an important finding for the etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease, but further analysis is needed.
MULTI-ENVIRONMENT MODELS BASED LINEAR NORMALIZATION FOR ROBUST SPEECH RECOGNITION

This paper presents a feature normalization technique based on minimum mean square error, histogram normalization and multi-environment models. Using stereo training data, accurate estimates of the bias between clean and distorted speech cepstral vectors can be provided. With the stereo training data, a non-linear transformation of the distorted cepstral vectors is performed based on minimum mean square error estimation and histogram equalization. Results with SpeechDat Car database show an improvement in the word error rate with regard to linear transformation techniques as SPLICE [1] and MEMLIN [2]. An improvement in word error rate of 67.28% in digits task, and 40.79% in spelling task are obtained.
Modified Xiaochaihu Decoction Combined with Mirtazapine in the Treatment of Persistent Depression: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Background Western drugs effectively manage persistent depressive disorder (PDD) but are associated with side effects. Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of modified Xiaochaihu Decoction combined with mirtazapine in treating PDD. Methods Patients with PDD were enrolled at the Naval General Hospital (06/2018–02/2019) and randomized to modified Xiaochaihu Decoction and modified Xiaochaihu Decoction with mirtazapine. The self-rating depression scale (SDS) and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) scale were assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks. The overall clinical efficacy (primary outcome) and adverse reactions were observed. Results Sixty-four participants completed the trial in the combined and control groups (30 and 28), respectively. In controls, the total effective rate was 78.6%, compared with 96.7% in the combined group (P=0.035). The scores of the SDS and TCM syndrome scale in the two groups were lower after treatment (P < 0.001) but without difference between groups (P=0.077). The combined group showed higher improvement rates regarding insomnia (96.4% vs. 44.0%, P < 0.001), bitter taste (90.5% vs. 52.6%, P=0.007), languid (72.0% vs. 31.8%, P=0.006), and belching/anorexia (100% vs. 52.6%, P < 0.001). The combined group showed a higher frequency of adverse events (73.3% vs. 3.6%) (P < 0.001). Conclusion Modified Xiaochaihu Decoction combined with mirtazapine effectively treats PDD, and its curative effect is better than that of TCM alone. Trial Registration. This trial was registered with https://www.chictr. org.cn/index.aspx/ChiCTR2100048188.
Stable non-Gaussian random processes

The asymptotic behaviour of (Yn, n e N) is of fundamental importance in probability theory. Indeed, if the Xj have common mean fi and variance a, then by taking each an = n/u and b„ = n a, the celebrated Central Limit Theorem tells us that (Yn) converges in distribution to a standard normal. The class of random variables which appear as limits in distribution of (Yn) for more general (an) and (b„) are called the stable random variables and they have a number of elegant properties, such as the preservation of their distribution functions under convolution. A stochastic process is said to be stable if all its finite-dimensional distributions are themselves stable and it is the systematic study of such processes which is the aim of the present volume.
Development of sorghum and maize based convenience mix.

The mix suitable for different types of foods based on sorghum (Sorghum vulgar) and maize (Zea mays) were developed and their nutritional qualities were evaluated in different packaging materials viz. High Density Poly Ethylene (HDPE) and Metalized Poly Propylene bags (MPP) during storage (90 days). A slight change was noted in the moisture (8.80-9.67%), protein (10.50-9.74%), reducing sugar (1.31-1.96%), total sugar (3.18-2.29g%) and crude fibre (4.80- 4.74g%) content of the convenience mix on storage. The convenience mix was used for development of different traditional food products viz., rava laddu, uthiri pittu, kuzha pittu and roti. All the food products of convenience mix were organoleptically acceptable and scored high values (8.8 to 8.9 by using 9 point hedonic scale) at the end of the storage period (90 days). The microbial population of convenience mix was found to be minimum and within the safe limit on storage. Statistically the moisture (increased up to 0.87%), protein (decreased up to 0.84%), reducing sugar (increased up to 0.65%) and total sugar (decreased up to 0.89%) and showed highly significant difference at 0.01% level, but non significant difference was observed for ash (0.01%), calcium (0.02%), iron (0.05%) and tannin (0.03%) during storage. The shelf life of convenience mix was found to be good up to 90 days at ambient conditions
Computation Sequences for Series and Polynomials

Approximation to the solutions of non-linear differential systems is very useful when the exact solutions are unattainable. Perturbation expansion replaces the system with a sequences of smaller problems, only the first of which is typically linear. This works well by hand for the first few terms, but higher order computations are typically too demanding for all but the most persistent. Symbolic computation is thus attractive; however, symbolic computation of the expansions almost always encounters intermediate expression swell, by which we mean exponential growth in subexpression size or repetitions. A successful management of spatial complexity is vital to compute meaningful results. This thesis contains two parts. In the first part, we investigate a heat transfer problem where two-dimensional buoyancy-induced flow between two concentric cylinders is studied. Series expansion with respect to Rayleigh number is used to compute an approximation of a solution, using a symbolicnumeric algorithm. Computation sequences are used to help reduce the size of intermediate expressions. Up to 30 order solutions are computed. Accuracy, validity and stability of the computed series solution are studied. In the second part, Hilbert’s 16 problem is investigated to find the maximum number of limit cycles of certain systems. Focus values of the systems are computed using perturbation theory, which form multivariate polynomial systems. The real roots of such systems leads to possible limit cycle conditions. A modular regular chains approach is used to triangularize the polynomial systems and help to compute the real roots. A system with 9 limit cycles is constructed using the computed real roots.