Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The significance and relationships among substitutive climatic proxies in the Holocene at the middle Loess Plateau in China

The substitutive climatic proxies contain cli- mate data, including temperature, rainfall, monsoon, and so on. However, the environmental significance and relation- ships among climatic proxies remain uncertain. In this research, soil samples from three soil profiles in the Holocene at the middle Chinese Loess Plateau were studied to analyze the change of seven substitutive climatic prox- ies. The rescaled range analysis method and Pearson cor- relation coefficient were employed to determine the significance and relationships among these proxies. The results indicated that the magnetic susceptibility of soil, total ferrum content, and pH can reflect changes in both temperature and rainfall during soil formation. In addition, calcium carbonate content and total organic carbon were mainly affected by the rainfall and temperature, respectively. Particle size composition (clay fraction \0.005 mm and coarse silt 0.01-0.05 mm) is an effective means by which to describe the effects of the East Asian winter monsoon. The results of this study provide theo- retical basis and scientific reference for further paleocli- mate evolution research.
Semantic Web Services : A conceptual comparison of OWLS , WSMO and METEORS approaches

Today’s distributed computing is strongly connected with the idea of Web Services. These are parts of programs that can be accessed over a network using well defined protocols. Thus, building a software can be carried out using loosely coupled, reusable components. Moreover, the notion of Web services can facilitate the interoperability between systems to accomplish inside business tasks realizing the system integration and also inter-organizational operations. Current Web Services standards WSDL [19] and SOAP [11] introduced for describing, discovering and invoking Web Services, although they are well defined and accepted also by industry, they only describe the syntactic aspects of a Web Service. WSDL is less suitable for describing the semantics of a Web Service capability. This drawback affects not only the service discovery procedure but also service composition, invocation and interoperation [25]. Adding semantics to Web Services description standards can tackle these issues. The vision of Semantic Web Services is to describe the semantic aspects of a Web Service with a machine-interpretable and also understandable way enabling automatic interaction with services during their entire lifecycle. As far as publishing and discovery procedures are concerned, the provider can describe Web Service functionality and capability using terms derived form a semantic model. At the same time, requestors can use the same ”tools” for describing requesting service desired functionality. Thus, afterwards, reasoning techniques can be used to find the semantic similarity between the service description and the request. During composition, the functional aspect of the annotations can be used to aggregate the functionality of multiple services to create useful service compositions. During invocation, mappings between the semantic annotated concepts use to describe Web Service are mapped into XML-based SOAP messages to enable service execution. The description of Web Services in a machine-understandable fashion is ex-
Prognostic Importance of Changes in Cardiac Structure and Function in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction and the Impact of Spironolactone

Background—Limited data exist regarding the impact of aldosterone antagonist therapy on cardiac structure and function in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and on the prognostic relevance of changes in cardiac structure and function in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Methods and Results—Cardiac structure and function were assessed by quantitative echocardiography at baseline and at 12- to 18-month follow-up in 239 patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (left ventricular [LV] ejection fraction [LVEF] ≥45%) enrolled in the Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure With an Aldosterone Antagonist (TOPCAT) trial. The impact of spironolactone therapy on measures of cardiac structure and function was assessed in the study population overall, and change in echocardiographic measures was associated with the subsequent occurrence of the primary composite outcome of cardiovascular death, heart failure hospitalization, or aborted cardiac arrest. Spironolactone was not associated with alterations in cardiac structure and function compared with placebo. Decrease in left atrial volume at follow-up was associated with a lower risk of subsequent occurrence of the primary outcome. Conclusions—Twelve to 18 months of spironolactone therapy was not associated with alterations in cardiac structure or function in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Reduction in left atrial volume at follow-up was associated with a lower risk of subsequent occurrence of the primary composite outcome. Clinical Trial Registration—URL: http:///www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique identifier: NCT00094302.
Development of random mesostructure generating system of soil-rock mixture and study of its mesostructural mechanics based on numerical test

The mesostructure characteristics significantly affect meso-failure evolution mechanism and the macro-mechanical characteristics of soil-rock mixture(S-RM) under external forces. It is very important for the improvement of theoretical system of S-RM mechanics to study the mesostructural mechanics of S-RM based on its mesostructural characteristics. Accordingly,the statistics,geometry,random simulation techniques,etc. are used,and the random mesostructure generation system of S-RM based on arbitrary polygonal and elliptic rock blocks(R-SRM2D) has been developed. Based on R-SRM2D,a series of random S-RM samples with different rock block contents,granularity compositions,rock block spatial distributions and soil-rock interfaces are generated, which is used to study the relationship between mesostructure difference and meso-failure mechanics or macro-mechanical characteristics of S-RM by numerical test. Meaningful results have been obtained theoretically. It is indicated that with the increment of rock block content,the elastic modulus and uniaxial compressive strength of S-RM increase;at a certain rock block content,the macro-strength of S-RM decreases with the increment of rock block fractal dimension;the compressive strength of S-RM reaches maximum value when the longer axis of rock blocks is perpendicular or parallel to the principal stress axis;when the angle between the longer axis of rock blocks and the principal stress axis is equal to (45°-φs/2),the compressive strength of S-RM reaches minimum value;the cementation action of soil-rock interface makes the macro-strength of S-RM increases obviously,whose uniaxial compressive strength increases nearly twice.
Seismic velocity structure at Deep Sea Drilling Project site 504B, Panama Basin: Evidence for thin oceanic crust

We present an analysis of wide-angle reflection/refraction data collected in the immediate vicinity of Deep Sea Drilling Project hole 504B in the Panama Basin, currently the deepest drill hole (1.288 km) into oceanic crust. The data were acquired with a 1785 inch3 air gun array and fixed-gain sonobuoy receivers and consist of four intersecting profiles shot along three different azimuths. Near-normal-incidence, multichannel seismic (MCS) reflection data were acquired simultaneously. Observed P and S wave arrivals out to maximum ranges of 30 km provide constraints on the velocity structure of the middle and lower crust and on total crustal thickness. Comparison of the travel times and amplitudes of the P and S wave arrivals on all four profiles revealed important similarities which were modeled using the reflectivity synthetic seismogram method. Forward modeling shows that in contrast to standard oceanic velocity models, a velocity-depth profile that better explains the observed data is characterized by high-velocity gradients (up to 0.6 km/s/km) in the middle crust, a 1.8-km-thick low-velocity zone (Vp = 7.1–6.7 km/s) immediately above Moho, and a total crustal thickness of only 5 km. Interpretation of the high-velocity gradients in the middle crust is constrained by the observation of P wave amplitude focusing at ranges of 16–19 km. Although not as well developed in comparison to the P wave arrivals, S wave arrivals show similar focusing. Total crustal thickness is constrained by the combined interpretation of a P wave, wide-angle reflection event observed at a range of 16–28 km and an MCS reflection event with a crustal travel time of 1.4–1.5 s. Although these events cannot be directly correlated, their travel times are consistent with the assumption that both have a common origin. Amplitude modeling of the wide-angle event demonstrates that these events are generated at the Moho.
Geophysics , Climate ( Aeronomy and Meteorology ) global ozone recovering ?

Thanks to the Montreal Protocol, the stratospheric concentrations of ozone-depleting chlorine and bromine have been declining since their peak in the late 1990s. Global ozone has responded: The substantial ozone decline observed since the 1960s ended in the late 1990s. Since then, ozone levels have remained low, but have not declined further. Now general ozone increases and a slow recovery of the ozone layer is expected. The clearest signs of increasing ozone, so far, are seen in the upper stratosphere and for total ozone columns above Antarctica in spring. These two regions had also seen the largest ozone depletions in the past. Total column ozone at most latitudes, however, does not show clear increases yet. This is not unexpected, because the removal of chlorine and bromine from the stratosphere is three to four times slower than their previous increase. Detecting significant increases in total column ozone, therefore, will require much more time than the detection of its previous decline. The search is complicated by variations in ozone that are not caused by declining chlorine or bromine, but are due, e.g., to transport changes in the global Brewer–Dobson circulation. Also, very accurate observations are necessary to detect the expected small increases. Nevertheless, observations and model simulations indicate that the stratosphere is on the path to ozone recovery. This recovery process will take many decades. As chlorine and bromine decline, other factors will become more important. These include climate change and its effects on stratospheric temperatures, changes in the Brewer–Dobson circulation (both due to increasing CO2), increasing emissions of trace gases like N2O, CH4, possibly large future increases of short-lived substances (like CCl2H2) from both natural and anthropogenic sources, and changes in tropospheric ozone. C 2018 Académie des sciences. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/ 4.0/). Corresponding author. E-mail address: wolfgang.steinbrecht@dvd.de (W. Steinbrecht).
Photochemistry of biogenic emissions over the Amazon forest

The boundary layer chemistry over the Amazon forest during the dry season is simulated with a photochemical model. Results are in good agreement with measurements of isoprene, NO, ozone, and organic acids. Photochemical reactions of biogenic isoprene and NOx can supply most of the ozone observed in the boundary layer. Production of ozone is very sensitive to the availability of NOx, but is insensitive to the isoprene source strength. High concentrations of total odd nitrogen (NOy,) are predicted for the planetary boundary layer, about 1 ppb in the mixed layer and 0.75 ppb in the convective cloud layer. Most of the odd nitrogen (≈70%) is present as PAN-type species, which are removed by dry deposition to the forest. The observed daytime variations of isoprene are explained by a strong dependence of the isoprene emission flux on sun angle. Nighttime losses of isoprene exceed rates of reaction with NO3 and O3 and appear to reflect dry-deposition processes. The 24-hour averaged isoprene emission flux is calculated to be 38 mg m−2 d−1. Photooxidation of isoprene could account for a large fraction of the CO enrichment observed in the boundary layer under unpolluted conditions and could constitute an important atmospheric source of formic acid, methacrylic acid, and pyruvic acid.
Optimization of Polymerase Chain Reaction Conditions of Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis for North Black Soil Microbes

This paper studies the effects of concentrations of Mg and dNTP, the annealing temperature, extension and cycling times in PCR of north black soil microbes using an orthogonal experiment. Results showed that the feasible PCR reaction system for soil microbes should be carried in a volume of 50 l, composed of 50 ng soil microbial DNA template, 15 pm primer, 5 u Pfu enzyme, 0.2 mmol.L Mg2SO4, and 0.3 mmol.L dNTPs. The PCR reaction procedures were set up under two conditions. At first, the soil microbial DNA was denatured at 94°C for 5 min followed by 20 cycles of each 94°C for 1 min, 65-55°C for 1 min (descending at 0.5°C per cycle), and finally 72°C for 1 min. The second reaction conditions also included 20 cycles, each of 94°C for 1 min, 56°C for 1 min, and 72°C for 1 min, and a final extension temperature of 72°C for 7 min. The work was repeated several times on the same model using the same primers and PCR conditions to acquire clear and pure bands. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
SURVEY AND SUMMARY Analysis of the splicing machinery in fission yeast: a comparison with budding yeast and mammals

Based on genetic and bioinformatic analysis, 80 proteins from the newly sequenced Schizosaccharomyces pombe genome appear to be splicing factors. The fission yeast splicing factors were compared to those of Homo sapiens and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in order to determine the extent of conservation or divergence that has occurred over the billion years of evolution that separate these organisms. Our results indicate that many of the factors present in all three organisms have been well conserved throughout evolution. It is calculated that 38% of the fission yeast splicing factors are more similar to the human proteins than to the budding yeast proteins (>10% more similar or similar over a greater region). Many of the factors in this category are required for recognition of the 3′ splice site. Ten fission yeast splicing factors, including putative regulatory factors, have human homologs, but no apparent budding yeast homologs based on sequence data alone. Many of the budding yeast factors that are absent in fission yeast are associated with the U1 and U4/U6.U5 snRNP. Collectively the data presented in this survey indicate that of the two yeasts, S.pombe contains a splicing machinery more closely reflecting the archetype of a spliceosome.
Thyroid gland and pregnancy

Thyroid gland has an important role for the functioning of the body, especially for the development of many tissues and organs during the intrauterine development. The developments in understanding of the physiology of the thyroid function in a normal pregnancy accentuated how important its disorders can be for the adverse obstetric or neonatal outcome. The normal pregnancy is characterised by major changes in thyroid economy, thyroid function tests and iodine metabolism. Therefore, normal reference ranges valid for the non-pregnant state should not be applied during gestation. In fact, the stimulatory action exerted by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on the thyroid gland, with a consequent reduction of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration, must always be taken into account when evaluating thyroid function test, especially during the first trimester of pregnancy. The right interpretation of TSH in conjunction with free thyroxine (FT4) and TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb) is of pivotal importance to distinguish not dangerous situations (gestational transient thyrotoxicosis - GTT) from health threatening ones (Graves' disease, Hashimoto thyroiditis). Graves' hyperthyroidism is associated with an increased risk of maternal and foetal complications, and an appropriate treatment with antithyroid drugs is able to abolish these adverse effects. The following are of the pivotal importance: a) the right recognition of low TSH aetyology, b) an adequate knowledge in the management of pregnant women with low TSH values.
A Review on the Role of Energy Balance on Reproduction of Dairy Cow

Energy is the major nutrient required in the feeding of dairy cattle and inadequate energy intake has a detrimental impact on their reproductive activity. When dry matter intake does not meet increased energy requirements, a status of negative energy balance develops. Negative energy balance may begin pre-partum in association with declining feed intake. During the first three weeks of lactation, negative energy balance delays early ovulation and recovery of postpartum reproductive function and provides the major nutritional link to low fertility in lactating dairy cows. Negative energy balance may detrimentally impact the oocyte that is released after ovulation and reduce the conception rate to insemination. Cows under negative energy balance have extended periods of an ovulation. Postpartum anestrus, as well as infertility is magnified by losses of body condition during the early postpartum period associated with negative energy balance. Evaluation of body condition score is an effective way to assess the amount of metabolic energy stored as subcutaneous fat and muscle on the dairy cow. Maximizing dry matter intake during the transition period, minimizing the incidence of peri-parturient problems, reducing dry period, adding supplemental fat to diets and manipulating the fatty acid content of fat sources are expected to benefit reproduction in dairy cattle.
Noise Reduction: An Instructional Example

A discussion on general structure of noise reduction algorithms along with an illustrative example are contained within. The example contained within is inspired by [1] and uses Welch’s method [2] to create an estimate of the noise-only power spectral density, in order to estimate the a-priori signal to noise ratio. A soft-decision voice activity detector is implemented using the a-priori estimate in a log-likelihood ratio test as as in [3]. A suppression rule is then derived following the methods of [4] and used in accordance with the voice activity hypothesis to provide an estimate of the clean speech signal.
SOME RESULTS CONCERNING DISPLACEMENTS AND STRESSES IN A NON-HOMOGENEOUS ELASTIC HALF-SPACE

Synopsis The influence of a variation with depth of Young's modulus on the stresses and displacements in an isotropic elastic half-space, subject to loading normal to its plane boundary, is considered. The case of an incompressible medium with a modulus E(z) increasing linearly with depth is examined in some detail. It is shown that if E(0) = 0 the loaded surface settles an amount w0 proportional to the local intensity q of applied pressure: w0 = q/ks where the factor ks (the coefficient of subgrade reaction) is independent of the size or shape of the loaded area and equal numerically to twice the rate of increase of E with depth. Outside the loaded area the surface does not settle. These results provide an interpretation of the coefficient of sub-grade reaction in terms of the mechanical behaviour of a non-homogeneous elastic continuum. Furthermore, in this special case the components of stress are shown to be unaffected by the depth variation of E. On considere l'influence d'une variation avec la profon.
Biological traits of stream macroinvertebrates from a semi-arid catchment: patterns along complex environmental gradients

SUMMARY 1. The relationships between biological traits of macroinvertebrates and environmental characteristics were investigated in streams with contrasting physical, chemical or landscape level attributes. We used an ordination technique, RLQ analysis, which links an environmental table (R) with traits table (Q) through an abundance table (L) to investigate the relationship between habitat characteristics and biological traits. 2. A major environmental axis explaining the distribution of species and their distinctive biological features was obtained. This axis included variables of anthropogenic pressure (agricultural and urban uses) and natural variability (climatic and geologic) that are strongly intercorrelated in the study area, with a clear spatial component. 3. The attributes of species from frequently disturbed systems (small size, multivoltinism, diapause, ovoviviparity, etc.) were associated with semi-arid areas whereas traits common in more stable and favourable environments (large body size, semi-voltinism, isolated eggs, etc.) were found in upland forested areas. 4. The natural climatic variation was proposed as a disturbance axis of a theoretical habitat templet (driven by the intense hydrological disturbances typical of semi-arid streams), while anthropogenic pressure (mainly intensive agriculture) and high salinity, a natural consequence of geology, was proposed as an adversity axis. Different life-histories associated with contrasting environmental features were superimposed in this habitat
Language Within Language Immediacy A Channel In Verbal Communication

Thank you for downloading language within language immediacy a channel in verbal communication. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their chosen books like this language within language immediacy a channel in verbal communication, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some harmful bugs inside their desktop computer.
Regulation of Protein Metabolism in Exercise and Recovery Exercise training and protein metabolism : influences of contraction , protein intake , and sex-based differences

Burd NA, Tang JE, Moore DR, Phillips SM. Exercise training and protein metabolism: influences of contraction, protein intake, and sex-based differences. J Appl Physiol 106: 1692–1701, 2009. First published November 26, 2008; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.91351. 2008. —Muscle contraction during exercise, whether resistive or endurance in nature, has profound affects on muscle protein turnover that can persist for up to 72 h. It is well established that feeding during the postexercise period is required to bring about a positive net protein balance (muscle protein synthesis muscle protein breakdown). There is mounting evidence that the timing of ingestion and the protein source during recovery independently regulate the protein synthetic response and influence the extent of muscle hypertrophy. Minor differences in muscle protein turnover appear to exist in young men and women; however, with aging there may be more substantial sex-based differences in response to both feeding and resistance exercise. The recognition of anabolic signaling pathways and molecules are also enhancing our understanding of the regulation of protein turnover following exercise perturbations. In this review we summarize the current understanding of muscle protein turnover in response to exercise and feeding and highlight potential sex-based dimorphisms. Furthermore, we examine the underlying anabolic signaling pathways and molecules that regulate these processes.