Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Other Re‐engineering of Engineering Education, 1900–1965

Many engineering colleges in the 1990s are busily revising the style and substance of engineering curricula to provide increased attention to design. The intent is to redress what many reformers see as an imbalance caused by too much emphasis on the analytical approaches of engineering science. In effect, current reforms are responding to changes made in American engineering colleges in the years immediately after World War II, when engineering curricula first fully embraced an analytical mode of engineering science. This paper examines how and why this earlier “re‐engineering” of engineering education came to pass. It begins by summarizing the state of engineering education in the late 19th century. Then the paper discusses the role of European‐born and educated engineers such as Stephen Timoshenko, Theodore von Kérmén, and Harald Westergaard, who after 1920 prepared the ground for the later transformation of engineering curricula. The paper next discusses the efforts of leaders such as Solomon Cady Hollister and Eric Walker to introduce changes after 1945, and concludes by noting how their initial visions of curricula based on engineering science were altered during implementation.
Design of electromagnetic wave absorber using periodic structure and method to broaden its bandwidth based on equivalent circuit-based analysis

A new broadband electromagnetic wave absorber based on a periodic surface and a method to increase its absorption bandwidth is proposed. The proposed absorber structure shows broadband characteristics, and its bandwidth is improved by generating additional resonances through a reasonable approach. To provide an understanding of the logical design procedure, an analytical method to determine the sheet resistance and new equivalent circuit models for analysing the impedance are both presented. From the analysis, it is shown that the exact range of the sheet resistance corresponding to the desired absorption level can be efficiently estimated for the resonance of the structure. For the verification of this approach to obtain an efficient design, as well as the functionality of both the absorber and the proposed method, experimental results are demonstrated along with analytical and computational results. The final measured results using the proposed method show a broadband reflectivity response, with a fractional bandwidth of approximately 93% below −10 dB and a bandwidth increase of 17%.
Subspace-based auto-paired range and DOA estimation of dual-channel FMCW radar without joint diagonalisation

A subspace-based auto-paired range and direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation algorithm without joint diagonalisation for multi-target detection of dual-channel frequency modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar are proposed. The proposed method, which is based on signal subspace, exploits the shift invariant structure of the stacked Hankel matrix for the paired range and DOA estimation of multiple targets. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, the dual-channel FMCW radar is implemented and its effectiveness verified in an anechoic chamber environment.
Low-loss highly overcoupled fused couplers: Fabrication and sensitivity to external pressure

Fused directional couplers can be used to sense changes in index of refraction, temperature, pressure etc. The sensitivity of fused coupler devices to changes in their environment is higher in directional couplers in which many cycles of power transfer occur in the coupling region (overcoupled devices). This paper reports on a method for fabricating low-loss highly overcoupled couplers and on their sensitivity to applied hydrostatic pressure.
Toppling Fragility of Unrestrained Equipment

Block-type equipment without restraining devices and under earthquake loads can effectively be modeled as freestanding rigid blocks resting on supporting bases subjected to base excitations. Once the peak values of base excitation levels, the aspect ratio of the bock, and the static friction coefficient between the block and the supporting base are known, the motion type of the block that will be initiated under base excitation can be determined. One of the possible motion types is rocking. When rocking is initiated, the block may topple and suffer severe damage and permanent loss of function. The emphasis of this study is placed on quantifying the possibility of toppling of a rigid block during rocking motion given its geometry and design earthquake environment. Using floor response spectra to characterize excitation inputs, results are given in the form of toppling fragility curves, i.e., probability of toppling as a function of peak ground accelerations. Parametric sensitivity studies are also carried out to show the effects of several key parameters on the fragility results.
Velocity-matched slow-wave electrodes for integrated electro-optic modulators

Coplanar slow-wave electrode structures capable of matching the velocities of microwaves to those of optical waves in compound semiconductor based electro-optic modulators are described. In such an electrode microwaves are slowed by periodically adding pairs of capacitive loading fins to the electrode to increase its capacitance per unit length, without obtaining a corresponding decrease in its inductance per unit length. Electro-optic modulators having wide bandwidths and requiring small amounts of modulating power may be realized by using slow-wave electrodes to achieve the velocity-match condition. The theory of operation of, and the results of some measurements on, electrodes of this type are presented.
Bidirectional Dual-Channel Communication Based on Polarization-Division-Multiplexed Chaos Synchronization in Mutually Coupled VCSELs

A bidirectional dual-channel chaos communication scheme based on the synchronization in the linear polarization modes of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) is introduced numerically. In this scheme, two mutually coupled VCSELs are identically driven by a third chaotic VCSEL. It is demonstrated that high quality chaos synchronization in both the XP and YP modes can be achieved simultaneously. With the polarization-division-multiplexing technology and chaos modulation technology, the proposed scheme affords bidirectional dual-channel message transmission on one public link.
Application of Reactive Tabu Search for Combined Dynamic User Equilibrium and Traffic Signal Optimization Problem

A new mixed-zero-one continuous linear bilevel formulation is presented. It simultaneously solves the traffic signal optimization problem and the dynamic user equilibrium problem and yields a mutually consistent solution. The upper-level problem finds optimal traffic signal settings (cycle lengths, green times, time offsets, and phase sequences) for prespecified signalized intersections such that the total system travel time is minimized. The lower-level problem is the existing user-optimal dynamic traffic assignment (UODTA) linear program that embeds Daganzo's cell transmission model (CTM). The reactive tabu search (RTS), based on the analogy between the direct search and the dynamical systems theory, is modified to solve the problem. There are three major modifications. First, the binary-string solution representation is chosen, and the associated encoding and decoding procedures are developed for three-, four-, and five-leg intersections. Second, three neighborhood definitions for RTS are proposed; they yield three variations of the algorithm: RTS-MT0, RTS-MT1, and RTS-MT2. RTS-MT0 uses the deterministic neighborhood definition, and the others are based on probabilistic neighborhood definitions. Third, the functional evaluation uses the existing simulation-based UODTA that uses the CTM. Comparisons of algorithm performance are conducted on a hypothetical grid network and a modified Sioux Falls, Iowa, network. The performances are compared by using three criteria: solution quality, convergence speed, and CPU time. The CPU times for RTS-MT0, RTS-MT1, and RTS-MT2 on the two test networks are approximately equal. On the other two criteria, RTS-MT2 appeared to be the best, and RTS-MT1 and RTS-MT0 were the second and the third best, respectively.
Dual-band matching technique based on dual-characteristic impedance transformers for dual-band power amplifiers design

This study demonstrates a novel matching network synthesis technique that matches any arbitrary reflection coefficient seen by the active device at two uncorrelated frequencies to the standard 50 load. The proposed matching network is fully transmission line based and, hence, can be used in high-power applications at higher frequencies. Unlike previously reported dual-band matching techniques, this work proposes and discusses various ways to achieve realisable solutions for arbitrary frequency ratios that account for fabrication limitations. The proposed synthesis approach is validated with the design and fabrication of a 10 W gallium nitride (GaN)-based class-AB amplifier for code division multiple access and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access applications at 1960 and 3500 MHz. The amplifier has 59.8 and 55.1 drain efficiencies at saturation in the first and second bands, respectively.
Geolocation and Video Ethnography: Capturing Mobile Internet used by a Commuter

The common characteristic of Information and Communication Technology is that of being highly portable. Nevertheless, the dependence on the telecommunication operator's network and current communications infrastructures exert specific constraints on the mobile Internet user. We present the results of a study of the interactional complexities of a commuter reading WAP enabled devices. The WAP user is observed ethnographically and filmed while cell phone identification periodically gives information about the interviewee's physical location, indicating where and when the usability of a WAP device becomes difficult. In which way do communication and transport infrastructures intersect and how do people negotiate this intersection?
Envelope-tracking-based Doherty power amplifier

From the instantaneous efficiency plot, it is observed that the conventional 2-stage Doherty power amplifier (DPA) with high upper power dynamic range (>12 dB) suffers from a substantial dip in the middle of the upper power regime, thus reducing the average efficiency. In this study, an envelope-tracking-based DPA is proposed in order to minimise this dip by adjusting the drain bias voltage of the auxiliary amplifier of the DPA proportional to the input power level.
Characteristics of Square‐Edged and Round‐Nosed Broad‐Crested Weirs

The characteristics of square‐edged and round‐nosed, rectangular, broad‐crested weirs are studied under free‐flow and submergedflow conditions. The discharge coefficient, Cd, of a weir having height P and length L is found to be a function of the upstream head, H, causing flow and the radius, R, of the upstream top corner. For a given head, under free‐flow conditions, a semiempirical relationship between Cd, H/P, and R/P is derived using the momentum relationships. For the square‐edged weir, the effect of nonhydrostatic distribution of pressure is taken into account in the formulation of the momentum equation. In addition, for the round‐nosed weir, new relations are developed to supplement the existing results for square‐edged weirs. Experimental data are presented to validate the proposed dependence of Cd on H/P with R/P as the group parameter. Under drowned‐flow conditions, the submergence limit for a broad‐crested weir varies with the ratios H/P and R/P. The flow‐reduction factor for a given submergenc.
SURVEILLANCE AND SECURITY TECHNOLOGIES FOR BRIDGES AND TUNNELS

The Federal Highway Administration initiated a national pooled fund study in 2003 to synthesize technologies for bridge and tunnel surveillance and security. In the months following the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack, the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) and the Transportation Research Board (TRB) jointly conducted a security and emergency response survey of all State DOTs to help them assess vulnerability and preparedness. The results of this survey indicated that 59% of the respondents had some surveillance capabilities on their bridges. The State transportation agencies and other private bridge owners were seeking options for increasing surveillance and security of vulnerable structures. Yet, they were being overwhelmed by new technologies, and the lack of guidelines to choose between these technologies. The State highway agencies needed better information on cost, effectiveness, design and applicability of state-of-the-art technologies for protecting bridges and tunnels. This paper presents a summary of the completed work soon to be published by the FHWA as Report No. FHWA-HRT-05-082, ‘Bridge and Tunnel Security and Surveillance Technologies.
Dynamic mask: new approach to laser engraving of halftone images

New approach to laser engraving of half tone images has been proposed and tested. Combining two basic approaches to laser engraving -- single pulse mask imaging and raster element construction by pack of laser pulses -- the new system constructs every individual raster element by imaging on the workpiece surface a dynamic mask of controlled size. The dynamic mask shape corresponds to the required raster element shape. This approach offers several important advantages over the conventional ones: (1) analog control of the mask shape provides gray level continuum, thus ensuring the image quality, unattainable by other means; (2) raster element marking by single laser pulse provides very good marking rate. It takes only one scan of the writing laser head to mark raster line. Much more powerful laser pulses can be used to engrave complete raster element by single pulse instead of its point-by-point construction by consecutive laser pulses; (3) the influence of laser beam quality parameters, such as beam divergence, and power instabilities on the gray level has been greatly reduced because raster element shape primarily depends on the mask shape and not on the power level and beam divergence. Dynamic mask system can be used both with cw and pulsed laser. Gray scale tones can be reproduced by the linear raster line width in the first case. Advantages of the new device have been demonstrated by engravings on stone, wood, etc. made with 50 W carbon-dioxide laser.
Genetic risk factors for pathogenic IgG4 autoantibodies: a systematic review and meta-analysis of HLA class II associations in patients with IgG4 autoimmune diseases

Autoimmune diseases caused by pathogenic IgG4 subclass autoantibodies (IgG4-AID) include diseases like MuSK myasthenia gravis, pemphigus vulgaris or thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Their etiology is still unknown. Polymorphisms in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene locus, particularly in HLA-DRB1, are known genetic susceptibility factors for autoimmune diseases. We hypothesized a similar role for HLA polymorphisms in IgG4-AID and conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis with case-control studies on IgG4-AID based on MOOSE and HuGENet guidelines. Genotype (G) and allele (A) frequencies of HLA-DQB1*05 (G: OR 3.8; 95% CI 2.44-5.9; p < 0.00001; A: OR 2.54; 95% CI 1.82-3.55; p < 0.00001) and HLA-DRB1*14 (G: OR 4.31; 95% CI 2.82-6.59; p < 0.00001; A: OR 4.78; 95% CI 3.52-6.49; p < 0.00001) and the HLA-DRB1*14-DQB1*05 haplotype (OR 6.3; 95% CI 3.28-12.09; p < 0.00001 / OR 4.98; 95% CI 3.8-6.53; p < 0.00001) were increased while HLA-DRB1*13 (G: OR 0.48; 95% CI 0.34-0.68; p < 0.0001; A: OR 0.46; 95% CI 0.34-0.62; p < 0.00001) was decreased in IgG4-AID patients. In conclusion, the HLA-DQB1*05 , HLA-DRB1*14 alleles and the HLA-DQB1*05-DRB1*14 haplotype could be genetic risk factors that predispose for the production of pathogenic IgG4 autoantibodies and the HLA-DRB1*13 allele may protect from IgG4 autoimmunity.
Molybdenum Mineralization Mapping Based on Hyperion Hyperspectral Image in Angou, China

Angou deposit locates in the southern part of east Qinling Metallogenic Belt. A few Mo-Pb deposits have been discovered in this region. This paper demonstrates that there is a close relationship between carbonitization and molybdenum mineralization. Therefore carbonitization can be an important prospecting marker for molybdenum. Four Hyperion bands, with the wavelength of 420nm, 803nm, 2324nm and 2385 nm respectively, were selected for principal component analysis to extract carbonitization anomalies. Field work results show good relationship between carbonitization anomaly and molybdite and molybdenum ore bodies. The zones with intensive carbonitization anomalies have good prospecting potential.
Critical success factors of TQM implementation in Hong Kong industries

Total quality management (TQM) is an integrative management philosophy aimed at continuously improving the performance of products, processes and services to achieve and exceed customer expectations. This paper provides an empirical study on the identification of the critical success factors (CSFs) of TQM implementation in Hong Kong industries. Through a thorough and detailed analysis of the literature, 11 success factors with 72 elements were identified to develop a questionnaire. These items were empirically tested by data collected from 32 companies in Hong Kong. A factor analysis was carried out that identified seven CSFs with 38 elements of the implementation of TQM. These factors were shown to be reliable and valid and offer new insights into the understanding of TQM success factors in Hong Kong industries.
A field application of physically-based erosion and sediment transport model for hillslope response

A physically based erosion and sediment transport component is developed for hillslope-scale hydrologic model. In so doing, this study aims to apply the modeling approach that takes the rill and interrill connection into account to reflect more realistic hillslope configuration. Erosion and sediment transport modeling at such a fine resolution is rare and seldom verified especially at field scale. For interrill areas, it uses the kinematic wave equation for flow. For sediment, the one-dimensional width-averaged sediment mass conservation equation is used, which was derived from its two-dimensional form by performing local-scale averaging. Rills are conceptualized as micro channels with rectangular cross sections. Flow in rill is accordingly modeled by cross-sectionally averaged kinematic wave equation. Sediment transport formulation within a rill uses the continuity equation in one-dimensional form. By considering the connection between the rills and interrill areas, the model was calibrated and validated using field data set collected from a hillslope section in Northern California. The calibration produced r2 and NSE values of 0.92 and 0.89, respectively; while validation results produced 0.82 for the r2 and 0.66 for the NSE. It is found from the simulations that the model performed well both in calibration and validation and promises to be a useful erosion and sediment transport model for hillslope response.
Post-transplant monitoring of lymphocyte counts predict the occurrence of CMV DNAemia in early phase of kidney transplantation

Background The aim of this study was to assess whether monitoring of the number of lymphocytes in peripheral blood was helpful for evaluating the risk of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection after kidney transplantation. Methods The total numbers of lymphocyte in peripheral blood were measured at baseline and posttransplant months 1, 3 and 6. Risk factors for DNAemia in KTRs were analyzed using univariate logistic regression analyses. Areas under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were applied to assess the accuracy of lymphocyte counts for predicting CMV DNAemia. Results After follow-up 6 months, CMV replication was detected in 12 (31.6%) kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). The total lymphocyte counts were significantly decreased in KTRs with CMV DNAemia in 1, 3 and 6 months. There was a negative correlation between CMV copies and the lymphocyte counts in 1, 3 and 6 months post-transplantation, and the decrease of lymphocyte counts in the 6 months post-transplantation was the risk factor of CMV DNAemia in the KTR. Patients with lymphocyte counts 1.085×109 cells/L had higher cumulative incidence of CMV DNAemia.Conclusions The lymphocyte counts post kidney transplantation may be used as a simple and effective indicator for monitoring the CMV DNAemia status in KTR and for predicting the risk of CMV DNAemia.
Retracted: The Relationship between Personality Traits and Sales Force Automation Usage: A Preliminary Study

Sales force automation (SFA) came to cognition and officially gained momentum in the 1990s (Taylor, 1993). SFA provides salespeople with speedy information access, diminishing the time needed to prepare for calls and cutting down on the number of follow‐ups, particularly for urgent need of further information support (Taylor, 1993). This study attempts to look specifically at the “utilization–individual impact” link. In particular, the close link of the personality type of the sales representative to the individual performance usage of the sales forces automation systems in the pharmaceutical industry in Taiwan. This study provides insight into how the personality traits of the individual medical representatives of pharmaceutical companies in Taiwan could influence the adoption of innovative technology, the sales force automation system. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Coordination Needs and Supply of Construction Projects

Abstract: Coordination has been regarded as a critical factor of construction projects, but it is usually not well understood. It is common that time and money are spent on coordination, yet the performance is not as expected. This article studies the coordination needs and supply of construction projects. First, coordination needs were derived from work uncertainty and equivocality (U&E), and supply was offered by different methods engineers use to coordinate. Then ten subway construction projects were investigated. A questionnaire was modified to quantify the project U&E, and a time sheet designed to collect contractor engineers' work time allocated in nine coordination methods. Finally, how actual coordination time distribution met the needs and their relationships with performance were analyzed. The results indicate that the project performance is not related to the level of U&E. In the nine coordination methods of the studied projects, site visit took up the most time (23%), followed by correspondence (20.5%) and meetings (13%). Projects with good performance applied adequate oral or written coordination mainly based on work equivocality.
Research on Yaw Stability Control of Active Front Steering Based on BP Neural Network PID

This paper proposes using BP neural network PID to improve the yaw stability of the vehicle with active front steering system. A dynamic model of vehicle with active front steering is built firstly, and then the BP neural network PID controller is designed in detail. The controller generates the suitable steering angle so that the vehicle follows the target value of the yaw rate. The simulation at different conditions is carried out based on the fore established model. The simulation results show the BP neural network PID controller can improve the vehicles yaw stability effectively.