Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aircraft pose measurement and error correction based on image sequences

Image sequences is introduced and used to aircraft pose measurement, with the combination of gereralized point photogrammetry theory and contour matching, image matching algorithm based on Hausdorff distance and Generalized point is put forward, Generalized point theory error model is established. At first according to OpenGL imaging mechanism photoelectric theodolite simulative imaging system is built to simulate aircraft image of different flying pose, and actual image is regard as standard image to calculate aircraft pose initial value on known exterior orientation parameters to drive simulative system to create image which is consistent with standard image contour, then simulative and standard edge is extracted and difference of edges is measured, Hausdorff distance method is used to adjust dynamically edge of simulative image to realize fast matching; Generalized point theory error model is used to correct aircraft pose to advance accuracy of aircraft pose of image sequences. Simulative experiment of 3Km and 5Km rocket pose of (45°,30°, 50°) is done, the result indicate the method is feasible and effective, the measurement accuracy of aircraft pose after correction is better than previously and measurement accuracy of aircraft pose is less than 0.1°.
Speckle-illuminated fluorescence confocal microscopy, using a digital micro-mirror device

An implementation of a speckle-illuminated fluorescence confocal microscope using a digital micro-mirror device (DMD) is described. The DMD not only projects a sequence of imaged binary speckle patterns onto the specimen at a very high frame rate but also operates as a spatial light modulator to perform real-time optical data processing. Frame averaging is accomplished by CCD charge accumulation during a single exposure. The recorded time-averaged image is a confocal image plus an unwanted non-confocal image which can be removed by recording a separate image. Experimental results with image acquisition within a fraction of a second are shown. Images of a thin biological sample are also shown to demonstrate practical application of the technique.
Do interplanetary Alfven waves cause auroral activity

A recent theory holds that high-intensity, long-duration, continuous auroral activity (HILDCAA) is caused by interplanetary Alfven waves propagating outward from the Sun. A survey of Alfvenic intervals in over a year of ISEE 3 data shows that while Alfvenic intervals often accompany HILDCAAs, the reverse is often not true. There are many Alfvenic intervals during which auroral activity (measured by high values of the AE index) is very low, as well as times of high auroral activity that are not highly Alfvenic. This analysis supports the common conclusion that large AE values are associated with a southward interplanetary field of sufficient strength and duration. This field configuration is independent of the presence of Alfven waves (whether solar generated or not) and is expected to occur at random intervals in the large-amplitude stochastic fluctuations in the solar wind.
In-situ investigation of melting characteristics of waste selective catalytic reduction catalysts during harmless melting treatment

Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst waste is a hazardous solid waste that seriously threatens the environment and public health. In this study, a thermal melting technology is proposed for the treatment of waste SCR catalysts. The melting characteristics and mineral phase transformation of waste SCR catalysts blended with three different groups of additives were explored by heating stage microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry (TG/DSC) analysis, thermodynamic simulation, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis; heavy metal leaching toxicity was tested by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) analysis. The results indicated that the melting point of waste SCR catalysts can be effectively reduced with proper additives. The additive formula of 39.00% Fe2O3 (in weight), 6.50% CaO, 3.30% SiO2, and 1.20% Al2O3 achieves the optimal fluxing behavior, significantly decreasing the initial melting temperature from 1223 °C to 1169 °C. Furthermore, the whole heating process of waste SCR catalysts can be divided into three stages: the solid reaction stage, the sintering stage, and the primary melting stage. The leaching concentrations of V, As, Pb, and Se are significantly reduced, from 10.64, 1.054, 0.195, and 0.347 mg/L to 0.178, 0.025, 0.048, and 0.003 mg/L, respectively, much lower than the standard limits after melting treatment, showing the strong immobilization capacity of optimal additives for heavy metals in waste SCR catalysts. The results demonstrate the feasibility of harmless melting treatments for waste SCR catalysts with relatively low energy consumption, providing theoretical support for a novel method of disposing of hazardous waste SCR catalysts.
Tails in generalized Jackson networks with subexponential service-time distributions

We give the exact asymptotics of the tail of the stationary maximal dater in generalized Jackson networks with subexponential service times. This maximal dater, which is an analogue of the workload in an isolated queue, gives the time taken to clear all customers present at some time t when stopping all arrivals that take place later than t. We use the property that a large deviation of the maximal dater is caused by a single large service time at a single station at some time in the distant past of t, in conjunction with fluid limits of generalized Jackson networks, to derive the relevant asymptotics in closed form.
Convergent estimators for the l1-median of banach valued random variable

Let E be a separable Banach space, which is the dual of a Banach space F. If X is an E-valued random variable, the set of L1-medians of X is ArgminE[(d)]. Assume that this set contains only one element. From any sequence of probability measures {(d) 1} on E, which converges in law to X, we give two approximating sequences of the L1-median, for the weak* topology induced by F.
Effect of threading dislocations on the Bragg peakwidths of GaN, AlGaN, and AlN heterolayers

We develop a reciprocal-space model that describes the (hkl) dependence of the broadened Bragg peakwidths produced by x-ray diffraction from a dislocated epilayer. We compare the model to experiments and find that it accurately describes the peakwidths of 16 different Bragg reflections in the [010] zone of both GaN and AlN heterolayers. Using lattice-distortion parameters determined by fitting the model to selected reflections, we estimate threading-dislocation densities for seven different GaN and AlGaN samples and find improved agreement with transmission electron microscopy measurements.
Algebra of image transformations

This paper consists of two distinct contributions. The first contribution formulates the theory of translational invariant image transformations in the context of symbolic transformation groups and presents results describing the decomposability of certain image transformations. The ultimate objective of such studies is to decompose image transformations efficiently by decomposing them into short sequences of simpler transformations. Our methods are used to show particular indecomposable transformations, so that where previously only existence results were shown (Nasu's theorem), we can now explicitly search for indecomposable transformations. The second contribution discusses related stochasticconcepts. It formulates several Markovian approximations to images with potential application to image segmentation, image generation, and image coding. One family of models is closely related to the renormalizationgroup concepts that were originally formulated to address problems in statistical physics and quantum field theory, and have more recently been used to provide hierarchical methods for image processing. We apply these approximations to a specific binary valued random field- the two dimensionalIsing model- and demonstrate that segmentation can be achieved, and that a hierarchical model haspromise in this regard.
3D thermal analysis of a permanent magnet motor with cooling fans

Overheating of permanent magnet (PM) machines has become a major technical challenge as it gives rise to magnet demagnetization, degradation of insulation materials, and loss of motor efficiency. This paper proposes a state-of-the-art cooling system for an axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) machine with the focus on its structural optimization. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation with thermal consideration has been shown to be an efficient approach in the literature and is thus employed in this work. Meanwhile, a simplified numerical approach to the AFPM machine with complex configuration in 3D consisting of conduction, forced convection, and conjugate heat transfer is taken as a case study. Different simplification methods (including configuration and working conditions) and two optimized fans for forced convection cooling are designed and installed on the AFPM machine and compared to a natural convection cooling system. The results show that the proposed approach is effective for analyzing the thermal performance of a complex AFPM machine and strikes a balance between reasonable simplification, accuracy, and computational resource.
A metric approach to Fr\'echet geometry

The aim of this article is to present the category of bounded Frechet manifolds in respect to which we will review the geometry of Frechet manifolds with a stronger accent on its metric aspect. An inverse function theorem in the sense of Nash and Moser in this category is proved, and some applications to Riemannian geometry are given.
Variable bead width of material extrusion-based additive manufacturing

Variable bead width in material extrusion-based additive manufacturing (MEAM) is studied to enhance flexibility and capability. Discussion on associated process parameters, including the layer thickness, material flow rate, and travel feed rate is conducted to deduce their potential influence on the bead width of deposited filaments. Then the analytical models are established to analyze their effects on the bead width quantitatively. Based on the theoretical and experimental analyses, the material extrusion flow rate is selected as the input variable to control the bead width during the extrusion and deposition processes. The proposed method is implemented and verified with deposition of a multi-layer but single column thin-walled structure. Based on the implementation of several applications, it is concluded that the bead width could be achieved by adjusting some related process parameters and it can facilitate the extension and application of extrusion-based additive manufacturing technology.
Effects of hypoxic exercise training on microRNA expression and lipid metabolism in obese rat livers

To investigate the effects of hypoxic exercise training on microRNA (miRNA) expression and the role of miRNA expression in regulating lipid metabolism, 20 dietary-induced obese SD rats were divided into a normoxic sedentary group (N, n=10) and a hypoxic exercise training group (H, n=10). After four weeks, measurements were taken of body weight, body length, fat mass, serum lipid concentration, miRNAs differentially expressed in rat liver, and gene and protein expression levels of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPARα), fatty acid synthetase (FAS), and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1A (CPT1A) in rat liver. Body weight, Lee’s index, fat mass, fat/weight ratio, and serum levels of total cholesterol (TC) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were all significantly lower in the H group than in the N group (P<0.01). Six miRNAs expressed significantly differently in the liver (P<0.05). Specifically, expression levels of miR-378b were significantly lower in the H group than in the N group (P<0.05). Compared with the normoxic sedentary group, hypoxic exercise training resulted in a lower ratio of FAS mRNA to CPT1A mRNA (P<0.05), as well as lower CPT1A protein levels (P<0.01), while a higher ratio of FAS to CPT1A protein levels (P<0.01) was observed. In conclusion, hypoxic training may elevate the resistance of high fat diet induced obesity in rats by reducing the expression of miR-378b, and decrease the fatty acid mitochondrial oxidation in obese rat livers by decreasing the protein expression of CPT1A and increasing the protein expression ratio of FAS/CPT1A.
Application of selective epitaxy to fabrication of nanometer scale wire and dot structures

The selective growth of nanometer scale GaAs wire and dot structures using metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy is demonstrated. Spectrally resolved cathodoluminescence images as well as spectra from single dots and wires are presented. A blue shifting of the GaAs peak is observed as the size scale of the wires and dots decreases.
Flux distribution and power loss in the mitered overlap joint in power transformer cores

The design of the joints in a power transformer core has a marked influence on the efficiency of the core as a whole. Two experimental cores have been built such that the lengths of their 45° mitered overlaps could be varied from 0 to 2.0 cm. The larger core, with 1.0 m limbs, was used for investigating flux and loss variations and the second, smaller core was used to study how the results might be affected by changes in dimensions. For the larger core, the power loss was measured in two ways for a range of overlaps: first, using the localized power loss technique, and then by measuring the total power loss with a precision wattmeter. In both cases, a minimum power loss was found when the core was built with an overlap of 0.5 cm. The overlap length was varied in the smaller core and again a minimum power loss was found, but with a 1.0 cm overlap. A change in loss of over 20% was found for the range of overlap lengths used, and the optimum overlap length was independent of flux density over the range from 1.0 T to 1.8 T. The special flux distribution was determined from an array of search coils. The variations in flux distribution enables a qualitative explanation of the occurrence of the minimum in power loss.
American pestalozzianism in Greek mathematical education 1830–1836

The American missionaries, who came to the newly established Greece around 1830, developed a prolific educational and publishing activity. Within this context, they translated and disseminated six schoolbooks of elementary arithmetic, imbued by the pedagogical ideas of Pestalozzi. This venture was far from random, but echoed the progressive current of pestalozzianism, which prevailed in North America in the 1820s, and which they wished to embed into the then existing Greek mathematical culture. However, due to its incompatibility with the Greek religious tradition, the project of the missionaries largely failed.
Asymptotic behaviour for interacting diffusion processes with space-time random birth

We study the asymptotic behaviour of a system of interacting particles with space-time random birth. We have propagation of chaos and obtain the convergence of the empirical measures, when the size of the system tends to infinity. Then we show the convergence of the fluctuations, considered as cadlag processes with values in a weighted Sobolev space, to an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, the solution of a generalized Langevin equation. The tightness is proved by using a Hilbertian approach. The uniqueness of the limit is obtained by considering it as the solution of an evolution equation in a greater Banach space. The main difficulties are due to the unboundedness of the operators appearing in the semimartingale decomposition.
The characterization of Y2O2S:Sm powder as a thermographic phosphor for high temperature applications

Thermographic phosphors may be used to measure surface temperatures in hostile and high temperature environments and have applications in gas turbine combustors and high temperature regions of the turbine. Most phosphors are excited by UV light and exhibit a temperature sensitive exponential decay in emission once excitation has ceased. This can be characterized using a photomultiplier enabling temperatures to be measured at discrete points on the surface. However, one phosphor, YAG:Dy, is known to exhibit temperature sensitivity in the relative intensity of specific lines in its emission spectrum. Emission intensity can be recorded as an image using a CCD camera and hence this type of response can lead to the measurement of surface temperature distributions. In the paper the energy level characteristics of Dy leading to the intensity ratio response are discussed. Another lanthanide, Sm, is shown to exhibit similar characteristics and has been experimentally investigated using Y2O2S:Sm powder. Y2O2:Sm has been shown to exhibit intensity ratio sensitivity over a temperature range from room temperature to 1100 K and to be suitable for temperature measurement by this means with an uncertainty of approximately ±1%. It has also been shown to exhibit lifetime decay sensitivity over the temperature range from 900 to 1425 K and to be suitable for temperature measurement by this means with an uncertainty of approximately ±1%. In both cases the upper temperature limit is a function of the instrumentation used and the dynamic response may extend further. Decay time constants for Y2O2S:Sm are very short (3 µs at 1400 K), compared to those for YAG:Dy, making it suitable for use on moving surfaces by either response mode. This material, or other Sm doped phosphors, may therefore be useful for surface temperature measurement on rotating turbine blades.
Transitions in Na III

The work of Blackford and Hibbert (1994 At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 58 101-64) has been extended to provide oscillator strengths and transition probabilities for J→J' transitions amongst n = 2 and n = 3 levels of Na III. Configuration interaction wavefunctions, obtained with the code CIV3 in the Breit-Pauli approximation, and with additional correlation effects, have been constructed. Further semi-empirical corrections to the wavefunctions (`fine-tuning') are made so as to bring the calculated energy differences into agreement with the corresponding experimental values. It is demonstrated that in LS coupling there is excellent agreement between length and velocity forms of the oscillator strengths, and for most multiplet transitions the length form agrees well both with the earlier calculations of Blackford and Hibbert and with the results of the Opacity Project. The recent claims (Kelleher et al 1999 Contributed papers, Sixth Int. Coll. on Atomic Spectra and Oscillator Strengths for Astrophysical and Laboratory Plasmas pp 83-86) of major discrepancies between the CIV3 calculations and the Opacity Project (OP) data are shown to be due largely to the use of simple algebraic transformations of the LS-coupled OP data to produce line oscillator strengths in making the comparison. However, it is shown that for certain transitions, fine-tuning makes a substantial difference to the calculated oscillator strengths, so that the present work is a significant improvement over the previous calculations.
Evidence of health service waste management in primary care Evidências do gerenciamento de resíduos dos serviços de saúde na atenção primária Evidencia de gestión de residuos de servicios de salud en la atención primaria

Objective: To describe the state of evidence related to the management and in-service education of the interprofessional team on Health Service Waste (HSW), specifically in Primary Health Care (PHC). Method: Integrative review in the LILACS, BDENF, PubMed®, WOS, CINAHL and SciVerse Scopus databases between 2010 and 2020 in Portuguese, English and Spanish. Results: The sample consisted of 17 articles from emerging and underdeveloped countries, with a lack of knowledge and non-conformities in the management and compliance with environmental health regulations, sliding into occupational risks. The interpretation generated: (1) The management and urgency of permanent education in service: between inadequacies and adequacies and (2) Proposals to implement the correct management in Primary Care. Conclusion: Level VI evidence was synthesized, describing the urgency of continuing education in service to change practices and greater attention to the Health Service Waste Management Plan in PHC. Descriptors: Primary Health Care; Environmental Health Education; Nursing; Health Service Waste Management Plan; Public Health.
Environmental factors regulating cyanobacteria dominance and microcystin production in a subtropical lake within the Taihu watershed, China

Understanding the pattern of phytoplankton and their dependence on water quality variables, can help the management of eutrophic lakes. The aim of this study was to determine water quality and environmental factors associated with cyanobacteria dominance and microcystin production in Qingshan Lake, a subtropical lake located in the headwater of the Taihu watershed, China. Water samples collected monthly from 10 study sites in Qingshan Lake were analyzed for the species distributions of freshwater algae and physico-chemical parameters including total nitrogen (TN), ammonia (NH4+-N), nitrate (NO3−-N), total phosphorus (TP), and chlorophyll a (Chl-a) from June, 2008 to May, 2009. Qingshan Lake was found to be eutrophic, based on the calculated trophic state index (TSI). The average TN of 4.33 mg/L during the study period exceeded the Surface Water Quality Standards of China. TP was significantly correlated with relative abundance of cyanobacteria and Microcystis biovolume, indicating its important role in regulating cyanobacteria. Microcystis, Anabaena, and Oscillatoria were dominant cyanobacteria in Qingshan Lake from June to November, 2008. Cyanobacteria dominance was regulated by water temperature and TP. Principal component analysis further indicated that microcystin production was most affected by water temperature, TP, and cyanobacteria biomass. Results suggest that the control of TP in summer can mitigate cyanobacteria dominance and microcystin production in Qingshan Lake, and close monitoring should be undertaken in summer.
Néel walls between tailored parallel-stripe domains in IrMn/CoFe exchange bias layers

Tailored parallel-stripe magnetic domains with antiparallel magnetizations in adjacent domains along the long stripe axis have been fabricated in an IrMn/CoFe Exchange Bias thin film system by 10 keV He+-ion bombardment induced magnetic patterning. Domain walls between these domains are of Neel type and asymmetric as they separate domains of different anisotropies. X-ray magnetic circular dichroism asymmetry images were obtained by x-ray photoelectron emission microscopy at the Co/Fe L3 edges at the synchrotron radiation source BESSY II. They revealed Neel-wall tail widths of 1 μm in agreement with the results of a model that was modified in order to describe such walls. Similarly obtained domain core widths show a discrepancy to values estimated from the model, but could be explained by experimental broadening. The rotation senses in adjacent walls were determined, yielding unwinding domain walls with non-interacting walls in this layer system.
Enhancement of hole mobility and carrier density in Ge quantum well of SiGe heterostructure via implementation of double-side modulation doping

A significant improvement of transport properties of two-dimensional hole gas (2DHG) in the strained Ge quantum well (QW) of SiGe heterostructure was obtained via implementation of double-side modulation doping from bottom and top sides of Ge QW. Around two times enhancement of 2DHG Hall mobility up to 30000cm2V−1s−1 and sheet carrier density up to 1.9×1012cm−2 were obtained at 3K. By employing this way of modulation doping hole’s wave function was moved away from the interface towards the center of Ge QW that allowed enhancement of hole mobility due to reduction of interface roughness scattering.