Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Superprism Phenomena in Photonic Crystals

Extraordinary angle-sensitive light propagation, which we call a superprism phenomenon , was demonstrated at optical wavelength in photonic crystals with three-dimensional-periodic structure fabricated on Si substrate. The propagation beam was swung from 290° to190° with a slight change in the incident angle within612°. This effect together with wavelength sensitivity is at least two orders of magnitude stronger than that of the conventional prism. The incident-angle dependence including negative refraction and multiple beam branching was interpreted from highly anisotropic dispersion surfaces derived by photonic band calculation. These phenomena will be available to fabricate microscale light circuits on Si with LSI-compatible lithography techniques. @S0163-1829~98! 51840-1# Photonic crystals are artificial structures, which have a periodic dielectric structure with high index contrast, designed to control photons in the same way that crystals control electrons. Extensive efforts have been made in the search for structures that forbid propagation of photons within a certain range of energies ~called a photonic band gap! , 1‐6 while also having an attractive energy dispersion ~called a photonic band structure! This energy dispersion determines the refractive index being modified from the bulk constant. Recently, Lin et al. 7 demonstrated a highly dispersive prism by applying this index change in the radio frequency range. The angle modification, however, remained of comparable order to that of the conventional prism because they utilized the modification of phase velocity. In contrast, we here present ‘‘superprism phenomena,’’ where the light path shows a drastic wide swing with a slight change of the incident light angle owing to the strong modification of group velocity. In particular, the observed negative bending and multiple beam branching cannot be explained by the nonlinearity in the isotropic dispersion assumed in Ref. 7. We have interpreted these anomalies in terms of highly anisotropic dispersion contrary to their assumption. In addition, we observed extraordinary divergence of propagation beam as was propagating in a collimator or a lens, depending on the curvature of the dispersion surface. This demonstration is an important step towards enabling the eventual fabrication of extremely compact light circuits on Si. Such light circuits may be made with large-scale integrated circuit ~LSI! compatible lithography techniques. The photographs in Fig. 1 show light paths inside a photonic crystal monitored from above. The light path swings
Ferromagnetism of thermoelastic martensites: Theory and experiment

A consistent consideration of ferromagnetic alloys undergoing a cubic-tetragonal martensitic transformation on cooling is carried out within the framework of Landau theory. The concept of two different Curie temperatures, corresponding to the parent (austenitic) and resultant (martensitic) phases, is substantiated by taking into account the volume magnetostriction of an alloy. The difference in these two temperatures is evaluated for different alloys from the Ni-Mn-Ga family typifying ferromagnetic martensites. A statistical dispersion of the local Curie temperatures reflecting the heterogeneity of martensitic states is introduced. The qualitatively different temperature dependencies of the magnetization are predicted theoretically and observed experimentally under an applied magnetic field of about 10 kOe. Quantitative agreement between the theoretical and experimental curves is achieved.
Search for first generation scalar leptoquarks with the CMS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider

Title of dissertation: SEARCH FOR FIRST GENERATION SCALAR LEPTOQUARKS WITH THE CMS EXPERIMENT AT THE LARGE HADRON COLLIDER Elizabeth Twedt, Doctor of Philosophy, 2011 Dissertation directed by: Professor Andrew Baden Department of Physics Leptoquarks are particles predicated to exist by many models beyond the standard model. A search is presented for the production of first generation scalar leptoquarks with a branching ratio into charged leptons of β = 1 with the Compact Muon Solenoid detector at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, at a center of mass energy of √ s = 7 TeV. SEARCH FOR FIRST GENERATION SCALAR LEPTOQUARKS WITH THE CMS EXPERIMENT AT THE LARGE HADRON COLLIDER
Exact linear rank tests for two‐sample equivalence problems with continuous data

The present paper introduces a methodology for the semiparametric or non‐parametric two‐sample equivalence problem when the effects are specified by statistical functionals. The mean relative risk functional of two populations is given by the average of the time‐dependent risk. This functional is a meaningful non‐parametric quantity, which is invariant under strictly monotone transformations of the data. In the case of proportional hazard models, the functional determines just the proportional hazard risk factor. It is shown that an equivalence test of the type of the two‐sample Savage rank test is appropriate for this functional. Under proportional hazards, this test can be carried out as an exact level α test. It also works quite well under other semiparametric models. Similar results are presented for a Wilcoxon rank‐sum test for equivalence based on the Mann–Whitney functional given by the relative treatment effect.
Differences in the load-velocity relationship between untrained men and women during the back squat exercise

Objectives: The purposes of this investigation were: 1) to compare the load-velocity relationship estimated by the two-point method between untrained men and women during the parallel back squat exercise (BS) and 2) to compare the load-velocity profile found in our study with the load-velocity profiles reported in the scientific literature for trained individuals. Beyond, we aimed to compare the measured 1RM velocity with predicted 1RM velocity by the two-point method in the BS exercise in untrained individuals. Methods: Seventy-six untrained individuals (38 men (22.7 ± 4.4 years; 174.9 ± 6.8 cm; 76.1 ± 14.9 kg) and 38 women (24.7 ± 4.3 years; 159.1 ± 6.0 cm; 64.7 ± 13.3 kg) performed a one-repetition maximum test and a progressive two-load test with 20% 1RM and 70% 1RM to estimate their load-velocity relationships. Results: The main results revealed that 1) mean propulsive velocity and mean velocity attained at each relative load were different between men and women (p < 0.05). However, the measured 1RM velocity was not significantly different between them. Untrained men provided a steeper load-velocity relationship than women. We found that 2) untrained individuals of our study showed a different load-velocity profile than trained individuals from scientific literature studies. Furthermore, 3) the measured 1RM velocity was lower than the predicted 1RM velocity (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that the load-velocity relationship is dependent on sex and training background, and the two-point method using 20% and 70% 1RM might not be reliable to estimate the load-velocity relationship in the BS exercise for untrained men and women.
Ambulation Mode Classification of Individuals with Transfemoral Amputation through A-Mode Sonomyography and Convolutional Neural Networks

Many people struggle with mobility impairments due to lower limb amputations. To participate in society, they need to be able to walk on a wide variety of terrains, such as stairs, ramps, and level ground. Current lower limb powered prostheses require different control strategies for varying ambulation modes, and use data from mechanical sensors within the prosthesis to determine which ambulation mode the user is in. However, it can be challenging to distinguish between ambulation modes. Efforts have been made to improve classification accuracy by adding electromyography information, but this requires a large number of sensors, has a low signal-to-noise ratio, and cannot distinguish between superficial and deep muscle activations. An alternative sensing modality, A-mode ultrasound, can detect and distinguish between changes in superficial and deep muscles. It has also shown promising results in upper limb gesture classification. Despite these advantages, A-mode ultrasound has yet to be employed for lower limb activity classification. Here we show that A- mode ultrasound can classify ambulation mode with comparable, and in some cases, superior accuracy to mechanical sensing. In this study, seven transfemoral amputee subjects walked on an ambulation circuit while wearing A-mode ultrasound transducers, IMU sensors, and their passive prosthesis. The circuit consisted of sitting, standing, level-ground walking, ramp ascent, ramp descent, stair ascent, and stair descent, and a spatial–temporal convolutional network was trained to continuously classify these seven activities. Offline continuous classification with A-mode ultrasound alone was able to achieve an accuracy of 91.8±3.4%, compared with 93.8±3.0%, when using kinematic data alone. Combined kinematic and ultrasound produced 95.8±2.3% accuracy. This suggests that A-mode ultrasound provides additional useful information about the user’s gait beyond what is provided by mechanical sensors, and that it may be able to improve ambulation mode classification. By incorporating these sensors into powered prostheses, users may enjoy higher reliability for their prostheses, and more seamless transitions between ambulation modes.
Examining the role of social CRM capability in online marketing communication

ABSTRACT Social customer relationship management (CRM) is software that can integrate different social media channels. Using social CRM, employees can leverage social information of existing and potential customers; gain detailed market insights from their likes and dislikes; provide superior customer services; help to communicate product information more efficiently and effectively to targeted customers. The present article, thus, examines the role of social CRM capability in online marketing communication. Towards this aim, the study has developed a theoretical model based on explicit knowledge derived from the literature, as well as from the dynamic capability view (DCV) and absorptive capacity theories. The model has been validated and the hypotheses have been tested with the factor-based partial least squares (PLS) structural equation modeling (SEM) technique that analyzed the quantified responses of 310 employees of Indian firms. This research is unique and substantially contributes to extant theory and practice, as it is the only one to have extensively analyzed the role of social CRM ability in the context of online marketing communication; demonstrating, conclusively, a significant positive impact of social CRM on online marketing communication.
THE LATE K-TYPE BINARY V1104 HER NEAR THE SHORT-PERIOD END OF CONTACT BINARIES

V1104 Her is a newly discovered periodic variable with EW type variability. With an orbital period that is extremely short for a contact binary, it was found to have almost the latest K spectral type. To study its properties and nature, two new sets of multi-color light curves were analyzed with the Wilson–Devinney code. Photometric solutions reveal that the system is a W-type shallow contact binary with a mass ratio of 1 / q = M 1 / M 2 = 0.63 ± 0.01 ? > and a degree of contact of about f = 15 % ± 2 % ? > . The real parameter uncertainties may be from three to five times larger, depending on the required confidence. Combining the newly determined times of minimum light, some of which were reprocessed from initial data, in conjunction with others published, the period variation is investigated in detail. Different methods of curve fitting were used, based on a weighted least-squares method. Finally, the orbital period of V1104 Her is found to be undergoing a long-term decrease at a rate of dP / dt = − 2.9 ± 0.5 × 10 − 8 ? > days · yr−1, as well as double cyclic oscillations with a period ratio ( T 1 / T 2 ? > ) very close to 9:2. The light-travel time effect was found to be the best explanation for the cyclic variations. This indicates that the object is a possible quadruple system, which further implies that multiplicity may be a common phenomenon among close binaries.
Discrimination by means of components that are orthogonal in the data space

Krzanowski (J. Chemometrics, 9, 509 (1995)) proposed a method for obtaining so‐called orthogonal canonical variates (henceforth called components) for discrimination purposes. In contrast with ordinary discriminant analysis, this method employs components that are orthogonal in the original data space. These components are derived in a successive way, thus optimizing discrimination of a component given the previously extracted components. Two alternative procedures are proposed to extract the desired number of components simultaneously, yielding a better overall discrimination. The simultaneous approaches are applied to the same two data sets as analysed by Krzanowski, as well as to Anderson's Iris data, and a comparison of discriminatory quality of the solutions is presented. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non-commitment Entropy: A Noval Modality for Uncertainty Measurement

Three-way decision rule is the extension of traditional two-way decision. In the real environment, a decision maker is not easy to make choice between acceptance and rejection for the uncertainly or incomplete information. In this case, people used to choose three-way decision for the uncertain and high risky decision with extra but necessary cost. Meanwhile some general uncertainty measures are proposed by generalizing Shannon’s entropy. The theory of information entropy makes the uncertainty measures more accuracy in boundary of three-way decision. In this paper, we propose several types of non-commitment entropy by using the relation of the ‘third’ decision—non-commitment, and employ the proposed model to evaluate the significance of the attributes for classification as well.
Adaptation of AMO-FBMC-OQAM in optical access network for accommodating asynchronous multiple access in OFDM-based uplink transmission

Exponentially expanding various applications in company with proliferation of mobile devices make mobile traffic exploded annually. For future access network, bandwidth efficient and asynchronous signals converged transmission technique is required in optical network to meet a huge bandwidth demand, while integrating various services and satisfying multiple access in perceived network resource. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is highly bandwidth efficient parallel transmission technique based on orthogonal subcarriers. OFDM has been widely studied in wired-/wireless communication and became a Long term evolution (LTE) standard. Consequently, OFDM also has been actively researched in optical network. However, OFDM is vulnerable frequency and phase offset essentially because of its sinc-shaped side lobes, therefore tight synchronism is necessary to maintain orthogonality. Moreover, redundant cyclic prefix (CP) is required in dispersive channel. Additionally, side lobes act as interference among users in multiple access. Thus, it practically hinders from supporting integration of various services and multiple access based on OFDM optical transmission In this paper, adaptively modulated optical filter bank multicarrier system with offset QAM (AMO-FBMC-OQAM) is introduced and experimentally investigated in uplink optical transmission to relax multiple access interference (MAI), while improving bandwidth efficiency. Side lobes are effectively suppressed by using FBMC, therefore the system becomes robust to path difference and imbalance among optical network units (ONUs), which increase bandwidth efficiency by reducing redundancy. In comparison with OFDM, a signal performance and an efficiency of frequency utilization are improved in the same experimental condition. It enables optical network to effectively support heterogeneous services and multiple access.
Recent Advances in the Study of Convective Clouds and their Interaction with the Environment

Recent developments in two main phases of cumulus cloud studies are discussed; first the relations between the clouds and their energy sources in the subcloud layer and second, the interaction between the clouds and their environment in the cloud layer. Under the first heading, the various originating impulses for cumulus formation are mentioned, and how the character of this impulse affects the spacing, scale and temperature structure of the clouds. The possible origins of trade cumuli are considered. The second phase is primarily concerned with the nature of the resistive forces operating against cloud growth, how these arise and how they affect the clouds' life cycle. The resistive forces are shown to be of importance in the transports of momentum, moisture and heat by the cumuli and to serve as controls in the feeding of latent energy into the high tropical troposphere and hence into the general circulation. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1952. tb00992.x
The Effects of Flap Angles on the Aerodynamic Performances of a Homebuilt Aircraft Wing Model

— This study focused on determining the aerodynamic performances of a homebuilt aircraft wing model developed from the NACA 23012 airfoil model with a thickness to chord ratio (t/c) of 12%. The performances are indicated by the lift coefficient (C L ) and drag coefficient (C D ) which were determined using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and an experiment conducted on the subsonic wind tunnel. A freestream velocity (U) of 40 m/s was applied while the angles of attack (α) were varied at -5˚, 0˚, 5˚, 10˚, 15˚, and 20˚ and the flap angles at -15˚, 0˚, 15˚, 30˚, and 45˚. The results showed that the alteration of the flap angles increased the maximum C L and C D values. This was indicated by the maximum value of 2.357 and 2.2084 recorded for the C L at 15˚ angle of attack and 45˚ flap angle for the computation analysis and experiment respectively. Meanwhile, the maximum value of C D was 1.2563 at a 20˚ angle of attack and 45˚ flap angle for the computational analysis. The C L /C D ratio was found to be 1.5501 at the particular position of the airfoil while the maximum value was 9.2982 at 0˚ angle of attack and 15˚ flap angle .
Evidence of nonuniform carrier distribution in multiple quantum well lasers

Carrier distribution in multiple quantum well (MQW) lasers is studied by measuring laser wavelength. The MQW is designed to contain wells with different thicknesses. The MQW laser wavelength agreed with the transition wavelength of the wells near the p-clad layer at room temperature. At low temperatures, however, the laser wavelength corresponded to the thicker wells. The results imply that hole localization takes place at room temperature but disappears at low temperatures. This shows the invalidity of the conventional capture/escape model. The importance of the mean free path of unbound carriers is pointed out.
A motion segmentation technique for mobile robots using probabilistic models

A dynamic environment can be challenging for a robot to navigate; it should avoid collisions with objects while determining its position in its environment (localisation). Thus, it is necessary for a mobile robot to take measurements of its environment, such as features from camera images, to determine whether objects are static or dynamic (motion segmentation). This is difficult to do as knowledge of static objects is required for localisation which is then used to track the trajectories of dynamic objects. This paper proposes a motion segmentation technique that classifies objects as static or dynamic by measuring the change in distance between them across many time steps; this removes the need for localisation information. The technique is adapted from a probabilistic method for outlier removal and existing motion segmentation techniques. A simple, 1D environment is simulated to show proof of concept. Additionally, a few strategies for PGM model construction are investigated where the results show a clear relationship between accuracy and computational times.
Annealing of arc-induced gratings at high temperatures

Long period gratings arc-induced in different types of fibre were annealed at 1000degC for 24degh. During the annealing, the spectrum of the gratings written in Ge-doped fibres shifted towards longer wavelengths whereas an opposite shift was observed for gratings written in Ge-free fibres. A discussion on the mechanisms responsible for that behaviour is presented.
Strong Na I D absorption in the spectrum of the QSO PKS 1327–206 due to the galaxy MCG 03-34-085

On a decouvert une forte raie d'absorption NaID dans le spectre du QSO PKS1327-206 (z e =1,1696) a un deplacement vers le rouge z a =0,0180, tres proche de celui de la galaxie MCG 03-34-085 qui se trouve a 38 sec arc dans le plan du ciel. Cette separation correspond a 1,00 h 0 −1 kpc. La limite inferieure a la densite de colonne est 7,4×10 12 cm −2 ; elle implique une extinction E(B-V)=0,18(+0,04-0,03). On analyse egalement un systeme d'absorption a z a =0,8526. On note une structure multiple dans les raies d'absorption MgII
A Cloud Application for ECG Arrhythmia Classification Using Deep Learning and N-Square Approaches

According to the World Health organization, coronary heart disease (sometimes called coronary artery disease) is the biggest cause of mortality worldwide (WHO). Around 17.7 million individuals died from Cardiovascular disease (CVDs) every year, and roughly 31% occurred in low and middle-income nations around the world. Arrhythmia is a variety of cardiovascular diseases that interrupts the heart’s normal rhythms. Some common types of irregular heartbeats include: There is no immediate danger from a single arrhythmia, but prolonged arrhythmia abnormalities can be life-threatening. Consuming these drugs increases the risk of developing heart disease. To treat and prevent cardiovascular disease, regular cardiac monitoring is essential. The heart’s rhythm and health can be visualized by the non-invasive device. Utilizing a deep two-dimensional convolution neural network, this sorting mechanism successfully categorizes electrocardiograms into the following five classes: fibrillatory, supraventricular, ventricular, ventricular, intraventricular, supraventricular, ventricular, and ventricular above, and finally unknown beats. In this piece, we try to extract the class pattern from an electrocardiogram (ECG) image using the N-Square technique and compressed image data.
A Numerical Method for Analyzing the RCS of a Printed Dipole Antenna with Feed Structure

A numerical method is proposed to analyze the scattering of a printed dipole antenna with feed structure which gives the structural mode RCS and antenna mode RCS separately taking advantage of short and open structure at the feed. The method is derived and the scattering of antenna with arbitrary load is obtained accurately. The structural mode RCS and antenna mode RCS are compared with the results by other methods, which proves the method correct and efficient. The results are meaningful for the antenna RCS prediction and reduction.
Adaptive Output Regulation of a Flexible Arm

A self-tuned version of a controller for asymptotic trajectory tracking of the end point of a two-link flexible robot arm is presented. The bounded solution to the inverse system, which is used in the control law, is tuned by the estimates of the unknown robot parameters, generated by a least square identification scheme. Boundness of the state of the adaptive controller is achieved by a stabilizing linear feedback from the output error, with fixed gains and robust with respect to variations of the parameters. This guarantees the total stability of the system, which is the main ingredient used in the proof of the controller properties, through a Lyapunov-like approach. The controller performance is finally illustrated by numerically simulating the tracking of an end point ramp under payload mass variations.