Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Insights in the Development and Uses of Alternatives to Antibiotic Growth Promoters in Poultry and Swine Production

The overuse and misuse of antibiotics has contributed to the rise and spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria. To address this global public health threat, many countries have restricted the use of antibiotics as growth promoters and promoted the development of alternatives to antibiotics in human and veterinary medicine and animal farming. In food-animal production, acidifiers, bacteriophages, enzymes, phytochemicals, probiotics, prebiotics, and antimicrobial peptides have shown hallmarks as alternatives to antibiotics. This review reports the current state of these alternatives as growth-promoting factors for poultry and swine production and describes their mode of action. Recent findings on their usefulness and the factors that presently hinder their broader use in animal food production are identified by SWOT (strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat) analysis. The potential for resistance development as well as co- and cross-resistance with currently used antibiotics is also discussed. Using predetermined keywords, we searched specialized databases including Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Antibiotic resistance cannot be stopped, but its spreading can certainly be hindered or delayed with the development of more alternatives with innovative modes of action and a wise and careful use of antimicrobials in a One Health approach.
A novel hybrid approach for the optimization of double‐diode model parameters of solar cell

In the present work, the intrinsic parametric quantities of the solar cell are attempted to determine by the proposed Lambert W‐based double‐diode model as a novel hybrid approach. The proposed hybrid approach is tested with three metaheuristic algorithms. The solar cell double‐diode model parameters are optimized by three different metaheuristic methods viz., Ant Lion Optimizer, firefly algorithm, and sine‐cosine algorithm. The conventional solar cell model equation is non‐linear in nature. An equivalent equation in terms of the Lambert W function is used for the optimization process. The performance of these three methods is compared by their respective root‐mean‐squared‐error value, convergence process, and optimization time. The proposed hybrid approach method of optimization has yielded good RMSE values in the order of 10−3 for the three tested metaheuristic algorithms. It is found that among the three proposed methods, Lambert W‐based sine‐cosine algorithm outperforms the other two methods and is considered to be a promising technique for investigating photovoltaic performance.
Design and Optimization of a BAW Microphone Sensor

A wind tunnel experiment is an important way and effective method to research the generation mechanism of aerodynamic noise and verify aerodynamic noise reduction technology. Acoustic measurement is an important part of wind tunnel experiments, and the microphone is the core device in an aerodynamic acoustic measurement system. Aiming at the problem of low sound pressure (several Pa) and the small measuring surface of an experimental model in a wind tunnel experiment, a microphone sensor head with high sensitivity and small volume, based on film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR), is presented and optimized in this work. The FBARs used as a transducer are located at the edge of a diaphragm for sound pressure level detection. A multi-scale and multi-physical field coupling analysis model of the microphone is established. To improve the performance of the microphone, the structural design parameters of the FBAR and the diaphragm are optimized by simulation. The research results show that the microphone has a small size, good sensitivity, and linearity. The sensor head size is less than 1 mm × 1 mm, the sensitivity is about 400 Hz/Pa when the sensor worked at the first-order resonance frequency, and the linearity is better than 1%.
A Comparative Study of Text Genres in English-Chinese Translation Effects Based on Deep Learning LSTM

In recent years, neural network-based English-Chinese translation models have gradually supplanted traditional translation methods. The neural translation model primarily models the entire translation process using the “encoder-attention-decoder” structure. Simultaneously, grammar knowledge is essential for translation, as it aids in the grammatical representation of word sequences and reduces grammatical errors. The focus of this article is on two major studies on attention mechanisms and grammatical knowledge, which will be used to carry out the following two studies. Firstly, in view of the existing neural network structure to build translation model caused by long distance dependent on long-distance information lost in the delivery, leading to problems in terms of the translation effect which is not ideal, put forward a kind of embedded attention long short-term memory (LSTM) network translation model. Secondly, in view of the lack of grammatical prior knowledge in translation models, a method is proposed to integrate grammatical information into translation models as prior knowledge. Finally, the proposed model is simulated on the IWSLT2019 dataset. The results show that the proposed model has a better representation of source language context information than the existing translation model based on the standard LSTM model.
Development and Evaluation of a Commercial Direct-Fed Microbial (Zymospore®) on the Fecal Microbiome and Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens under Experimental Challenge Conditions

Simple Summary Probiotics are recognized for their beneficial health-promoting properties, through competitive exclusion, promoting maintenance of intestinal epithelial integrity and host immune system homeostasis. The use of some spore-forming bacteria from the genus Bacillus has earned interest as a direct-fed microbial in recent years as a potential alternative to antibiotic growth promoters and growth enhancers. The present study evaluates the use of a Bacillus subtilis spore-based direct-fed microbial (Zymospore®, Vetanco, Villa Martelli, Argentina) compared to an antibiotic growth promoter on the performance of broiler chickens under experimental intestinal challenge conditions. The results suggest that Zymospore® increases the diversity of the broiler fecal microbiota and is an acceptable substitute for commonly used antibiotic growth promoters under defined and non-defined intestinal dysbiosis conditions. Abstract Direct-fed microbials (DFM) are added to broiler chicken diets in order to promote the proliferation of beneficial intestinal bacterial populations, which may lead to gains in performance efficiency and, potentially, reduce the level of enteric pathogens in the broiler chickens. The selection and laboratory evaluation of Bacillus subtilis strains as well as the experimental trial results of a novel Bacillus-based commercial DFM product are described. Fifteen wild-type Bacillus subtilis strains were characterized and assayed for their enzyme production capability, spore resistance to pH, salinity, and temperature, and ability to inhibit the growth of E. coli and Salmonella spp. The final DFM formulation was evaluated and compared to an antibiotic growth promoter (AGPs) in two experimental trials. In Experiment 1, broilers were given a defined challenge of Eimeria spp. and Clostridium perfringens to induce intestinal dysbiosis. The optimal dose of the DFM was determined to be 0.3 kg/ton of feed. At this dose, the broilers fed the DFM performed as well as the Flavomycin®-fed broilers. Further, intestinal microbiome analysis indicates that the use of the DFM enhances bacterial diversity of the gut flora by day 5 of age, increasing levels of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and Clostridiales by 25 days of age, which may enhance the digestion of feed and promote growth of the birds. In Experiment 2, the broilers were raised on recycled litter and given an undefined challenge orally to mimic commercial growth conditions. In this trial, the DFM performed as well as the bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD)-11%-fed birds. The results of the present studies suggest that this novel DFM, Zymospore®, improves the performance of broiler chickens under experimental challenge conditions as effective as an AGP, providing a safe and effective substitute to the poultry industry.
Manufacturing personnel task allocation taking into consideration skills and remote guidance based on augmented reality and intelligent decision making

ABSTRACT In the realm of the fourth industrial revolution, the flawless and continuous operation of the technology-rich workplaces is a challenging problem. The assessment of technician skills could facilitate initially the personnel classification, and in continuation the adaptation of guidance instructions as well as the job allocation to their unique attributes. Hence, this paper presents the design and development of a tool for assessing human resources skills, job allocation and task-related support based on intelligent decision making and augmented reality (AR). Finally, the developed framework is validated in a real industrial case study of a CNC machine manufacturer.
mTORC1-Inhibition Potentiating Metabolic Block by Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Ponatinib in Multiple Myeloma

Simple Summary From a screen for metabolic inhibition by a panel of approved anticancer drugs and combining the lead compound with a mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) inhibitor, we demonstrated that the combination of ponatinib and sirolimus leads to synergistic tumor growth inhibition in a mouse xenograft tumor model of multiple myeloma. The rationale of combining the two drugs was to prevent metabolic escape due to glycolysis reprogramming and residual oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). The robust increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to a block in glycolysis were shown to be the lead contributor of cell viability loss. The drug combination in the doses used displayed no overt toxicity in the treated animals. Abstract Studies in targeting metabolism in cancer cells have shown the flexibility of cells in reprogramming their pathways away from a given metabolic block. Such behavior prompts a combination drug approach in targeting cancer metabolism, as a single compound may not address the tumor intractability. Overall, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling has been implicated as enabling metabolic escape in the case of a glycolysis block. From a library of compounds, the tyrosine kinase inhibitor ponatinib was screened to provide optimal reduction in metabolic activity in the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), pyruvate, and lactate for multiple myeloma cells; however, these cells displayed increasing levels of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), enabling them to continue generating ATP, although at a slower pace. The combination of ponatinib with the mTORC1 inhibitor, sirolimus, blocked OXPHOS; an effect also manifested in activity reductions for hexokinase 2 (HK2) and glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) glycolysis enzymes. There were also remarkably higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in mouse xenografts, on par with increased glycolytic block. The combination of ponatinib and sirolimus resulted in synergistic inhibition of tumor xenografts with no overt toxicity in treated mice for kidney and liver function or maintaining weight.
A Community-Based Participatory Action Research with Women from Disadvantaged Populations: Strengths and Weaknesses of a Multiple Health Behaviour Change Intervention

Disadvantaged populations usually adopt risk behaviours, resulting in obesity and mental health-related disorders. Grounded in the socioecological model and self-determination theory, the aims were firstly to describe and implement a two-year multiple health behaviour change intervention, and secondly, to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the intervention. In total, 11 women from a disadvantaged population participated in this programme, which encompassed 117 sessions. Qualitative techniques were used to collect data and a thematic analysis was conducted. The variety of activities and the group-based intervention were the main strengths, and the decrease in attendance and the programme’s tight schedule were the main weaknesses. This is the first intervention in a disadvantaged population mainly comprised of Roma women. The design described in detail and its assessment provide relevant knowledge to improve their health status and decrease inequalities. The practical implications for future research are useful for replicating interventions in similar contexts.
Measuring the validity of self-monitoring heart rate and activity tracking wearables

PURPOSE: To examine the validity of wearable physical activity tracking devices. METHODS: Participants were 62 students. Participants wore a Polar HR chest strap, Actigraph GT3X+ Acceleremetor, Apple Watch, Fitbit Charge HR, Garmin Forerunner 225 and were connected to a metabolic cart. Participants completed a seated 10-min baseline period, 4-min stages of light, moderate and vigorous intensities, and a 10-min seated recovery. Heart rate (HR), energy expenditure (EE) and step count were examined for each bout of exercise. ANALYSIS: Two-way RM-ANOVA were performed to compare the ability of the wearable devices to accurately measure each outcome relative to the criterion. Paired-samples t-tests compared the number of steps in observed videos and those reported for Fitbit. RESULTS: For HR, Apple Watch was accurate at all stages except in light and moderate intensities, in which the device measured lower HR. The Fitbit Charge HR produced accurate results in moderate PA, but measured significantly higher HR readings at baseline and light activity and lower HR readings at vigorous intensity. The Garmin Forerunner 225 was only accurate at vigorous intensity PA and measured significantly higher HR readings at all other intensities. For EE, the Fitbit measured significantly higher EE for all stages except vigorous intensity and recovery stages. The Apple Watch and Garmin measured significantly higher EE at all PA intensities. The Fitbit measured significantly lower step count than the criterion at all PA intensities. DISCUSSION: This study provides novel findings for Apple Watch and Garmin devices and provides new information regarding Fitbit accuracy. No studies have reported accuracy of these devices to measure HR. Future studies should investigate why differences between the devices exist. < . 001) measures significantly higher EE from Met Cart readings. The Fitbit ( p = .837) was not significantly different than Met Cart. Cohen’s effect size values of Apple Watch ( d = .27) and Garmin ( d = .74), suggests moderate and high practical significance, respectively. Recovery. The omnibus F-test was significant, F (3, 147) = 37.258, p < . 001. Pairwise comparisons indicate that the Apple Watch ( p < .001) and Garmin (p < .001) measure significantly higher EE from Met Cart readings. Fitbit ( p = .568) was not significantly different than Met Cart. Cohen’s effect size values of Apple Watch ( d = 1.83) and Garmin ( d = 1.75), suggests high practical significance. The two-factor ANOVA showed a significant interaction effect of gender and device, F (3, 147) = 3.221, p < . 05, specifically in regards to Apple Watch F (1, 49) = 4.958, p < . 05. Both males, t(23) = 10.32, p < . 001, and females, t(33) = 7.3, p < . 001, measured higher EE than the criterion. The two-factor ANOVA showed a significant interaction effect of BMI and device, F (9, 147) = 3.050, p < . 01, specifically in regards to Apple Watch F (3, 49) = 8.009, p < . 001. Paired-samples t-test indicated all BMI categories were significantly different from the criterion.
The Influence of Colour on Learning in University Libraries

Colour can be utilised to evoke aesthetic responses and generate specified atmospheres in indoor spaces. Colour is recognised as an important element of interior design, playing an essential role in constructed interior space. It significantly affects the mood, emotion, performance and behaviour of the people who occupy the space. However, the influence of colour on the students’ learning performance has until now remained under-examined. The main aim of this study is to identify the impact of colour on learning performance in study rooms for individual students within university libraries. Contemporary libraries are considered to be learning centres and they are places where new forms of knowledge may be generated. Although studies have been conducted to investigate the influence of different colours on performance and mood in work offices, very few studies have investigated the influence of colour on human performance in university learning environments such as libraries. Therefore, the main question of this thesis is: how does colour influence learning performance in the individual study rooms in university libraries? Action research was used as the methodology in this thesis, integrating a series of research cycles involving various mixed methods to collect, describe and interpret the data. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used (such as experiments, focus groups, a questionnaire and interviews). This study included four cycles. The first cycle (literature reviews) aimed to demonstrate how libraries became a place for learning and how colour schemes developed in relation to library design. The second and fourth cycles consisted of a series of experiments that examined the impact of different colours (hues and nuances) on students’ learning performance in a simulated study environment (individual study room). Participants were asked to sit at a desk facing a panel painted one of 12 colours (six colours for each study). In Cycle 2 the colours were vivid red, vivid blue, vivid yellow, light red, light blue and light yellow; and in Cycle 4 the colours were light yellow, light orange, pale yellow, pale purple, pale green-yellow and deep yellow. Participants were then assessed for their emotional response to colour, heart rate changes and a reading comprehension task (reading articles). The experiment took thirty minutes for each colour condition.
Synthesis of Antibacterial and Biodegradable Bioplastic Based on Shrimp Skin Chitosan and Durian Skin Cellulose with the Microwave Assistance

This study aimed to obtain the best composition in the synthesis of antibacterial bioplastics made from chitosan from shrimp skin (SS) and cellulose from durian skin (DS). The research method began with the isolation of chitin from SS. Then it was deacetylated using a microwave (MW) at 60 °C for 15 minutes at 400 watts of power in an alkaline solution. The extraction of cellulose from DS through delignification using the MW for 20 minutes, 300 watts of power in Na2SO3 solution. Synthesis of bioplastics is made from variations in the composition of chitosan (8, 12 and 16% w/w), cellulose and glycerol as a plasticizer. The characterization of bioplastics with FTIR obtained functional groups O–H, C–H, C=O, C–N and N–H amines, and SEM characterization obtained bioplastic has fibre and pore size 15.429 µm. The best bioplastic characteristics were the composition of 12 % chitosan, with tensile strengths of 13.28 Mpa, water resistance of 79 % and the ability to degrade 52.67% after 15 days have met international plastic standards (ASTM 5336). The antibacterial activity of bioplastics against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with the Disc diffusion method showed the presence of moderate zones category of inhibition so that the resulting bioplastics can be recommended as food packaging that is environmentally friendly and antibacterial.
Position and Possessions: Stratification Economics and Intergroup Inequality

This article provides an overview of the origins and development of stratification economics as a subfield that centers the importance of identity, social ranking, and relative group position. Stratification economics developed in response to explanations for interracial/ethnic/gender inequality that invoked group-based dysfunction on the part of the subordinate community. Influences, detailed here, include the works of W. E. B. DuBois, Thorstein Veblen, Karl Marx, Eric Williams, Herbert Blumer, Claude Steele, Cecilia Ridgeway, Thomas Pettigrew, and Linda Tropp. The article concludes with an exploration of unique insights and extensions stratification economics affords a variety of themes: the impact of multiple identities, the determinants of individual productivity, variation in intensity of group identification, “passing,” sources of intergroup differences in wealth, and social mobility and immigration. (JEL D31, D63, I31, J15, J16, Z13)
Dental Academic Degrees in Germany Compared to the USA

There are different avenues for obtaining postgraduate doctoral/Ph.D. degrees in Germany and abroad. Depending on their interests and career plans, candidates can choose a postgraduate doctorate/Ph.D. that focuses on a career in academia or a doctorate that does not involve all elements of a Ph.D. and is obtained for the title’s sake. Germany offers this type of diversity and flexibility, whereas the USA postgraduate doctorate model presents a more structured doctorate. The current article provides insight regarding various and more flexible pathways for obtaining a postgraduate doctorate by comparing the German and the American model. The diversity of academic degrees in dentistry and medicine, such as postgraduate doctoral degrees and the higher postdoctoral degrees available in Germany for graduates interested in academia, makes educational evaluation processes and credentials recognition challenging. The lack of transparency and a systematic approach for the academic acknowledgment of the different scientific values of each doctorate type is creating confusion, primarily when German postgraduate doctorate holders pursue academic careers internationally. The current article aims to enhance the knowledge about the different academic degrees and facilitate the educational evaluations, specialty applications, and employment processes. Understanding the additional scientific value of each doctorate type offered in Germany is imperative for their credential recognition internationally.
Complex regional pain syndrome with radial nerve palsy: A multimodal rehabilitation approach

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a type of neuropathic pain that is most commonly triggered by upper extremity injuries or surgery. The most prevalent symptoms of this illness include pain, edoema, vasomotor changes, stiffness, and impaired functioning. The origin of our patient's CRPS type II was known, namely radial nerve palsy following multiple upper limb fractures, as demonstrated by the investigatory findings of the x-rays, nerve conduction velocity test, and Strength-duration curve. With the healing of the fractures, the symptoms of CRPS worsened, as did joint stiffness. The physiotherapy treatment plan was designed to alleviate symptoms and manage the nerve palsy, with the primary goal of achieving pain-free restricted motions in as much functional range as possible. The treatment yielded impressive results on the outcome measures used to assess after a month.
A study of the acceptance of XP practice

Many of the twelve carefully defined practices of Extreme Programming are tightly coupled. The various practices have checks and balances on each other and are, in many ways, dependant on each other. Therefore, neglecting essential practices can have sub-optimal or negative consequences to team results. The practices that are actually utilized in team development can often be attributed to the perceptions of the value and difficulty of the practices by the developers on the team. Through two surveys answered by 27 developers, we have assessed the utilization of and the sentiments towards the XP practices. In general, these developers we surveyed valued and utilized most of the practices.