Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Gender and Performance: the Spanish Firms and the Economy for the Common Good

The way society has evolved in recent years has led to a growing awareness that the traditional economy does not address the current needs, as it fails to consistently account for changes in the social and environmental context. In response, different social movements have emerged in various countries. They present an alternative vision of economic relations, a concern for the environmental aspects resulting from the actions of economic agents and a desire to tackle the societal shortcomings stemming from the regular activities that take place in the society. These are the so-called alternative economies.
The Growing Need for Diverse Teachers in the Mountain West

This policy brief examines the racial and ethnic diversity of the public teacher workforce in five Mountain West states, drawing on survey data from 1993 to 2016. We find increases in student diversity are generally outpacing teacher diversity in the region, though important differences in teacher-student parity and access to nonwhite teachers across states are also evident. In addition, we demonstrate the recruitment and retention of nonwhite teachers in these states lag considerably behind the rest of the U.S. This brief concludes with recommendations to help Mountain West states and districts promote greater racial and ethnic diversity among their teacher workforces.
Elementary characterization of metals in lipsticks by EDXRF

Usually classified as cosmetic consumer products, makeups usually contain significant quantities of colorants, which may contain toxic and heavy metals, such as Hg, Cd, As, Cr, Tl, and Pb. According the Health Regulatory Agency (ANVISA), lipsticks are classified as low health risk, grade 1. However, similar makeups for the children are classified as grade 2, high risk, and within this category there is no cosmetic product for embellishment. Many metals, present in the colorants, can cross the mucous membranes and skin barrier and could be absorbed into the blood system, which can cause systemic damage to internal organs. Many chemical components present in the lipsticks, such as Al, Pb, Cd, Br, Cu, Zr, Cr, Hg, TiO 2 in nanoparticulate form, could be considered as potentially toxic. Present work was undertaken in order to study the presence of mentioned above metals in the samples of commercial lipsticks. The metals characterization and elementary identification was performed using EDXRF technique. This method allows to perform the qualitative and quantitative analysis by means of the characteristic X-rays spectra emitted by the elements present in studied samples. The experimental setup was based on mini X-ray tube with Ag target and detector (AMPTEK). The partial results of the study revealed that the lipstick samples revealed the presence of Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Zn, Br, Rb, which suggest that prolonged and constant use of such cosmetics may constitute a potential threat to the health especially in the case of children.
Einsatz von Probiotika in der Therapie parodontaler Erkrankungen

Nach aktuellem wissenschaftlichem Verständnis liegt die zentrale Ursache parodontaler Erkrankungen in der Entstehung proinflammatorisch wirkender Dysbiosen des oralen Mikrobioms. Daher umfasst das aktuelle Würzburger Therapiekonzept bakteriell bedingter parodontaler Erkrankungen neben der traditionellen, aber nur symptomatisch wirkenden mechanischen Entfernung entzündungsassoziierter bakterieller Biofilme auch den Versuch einer kausalen Therapie (Modulation des Keimspektrums) durch Auflösung krankheitsförderlicher bakterieller Dysbiosen mittels des gezielten Einsatzes spezifischer, entzündungshemmend wirkender Probiotika.
Antidiabetic Effect of Burdock Tuber ( Arctiumlappa L . ) Extract on Aloxan Diabetic

Diabet is one of the most disorders in endocrine part of pancreas. use some plants whit therapeutic effect such as lapa major is a route for remedy in diabet . this study was done to virify effect of root extract of lapa major. In this investigation 36 male vistrar rat were divided into 6 group randomly. Except for group 1, in all group diabet was induced . group 2 received insulin and in group 4,5 and 6 extract was administration in dose of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg. blood samples were collected on day 7, 14 , and 21 . result were analyzed by anova test . results indicated that the level of blood glucose were increased after induced of diabet . the level of blood glucose in group which received insulin and in all diabetic groups in day 21 decresedsignhficantly . in the other groups (4, 5) the level of glucose decreased , but not significantly, insupoosed that, because of low number of cases or low number of days that extract was administration.
Optimal indolence : How long to work and how long to play

Dividing limited time between work and leisure when both have their attractions is a common everyday decision. We provide a normative control-theoretic treatment of this decision that bridges economic and psychological accounts. We show how our framework applies to free-operant behavioural experiments in which subjects are required to work (depressing a lever) for sufficient total time (called the price) to receive a reward. When the microscopic benefit-of-leisure increases non-linearly with duration, the model generates behaviour that qualitatively matches various microfeatures of subjects’ choices, including the distribution of leisure bout durations as a function of the payoff. We relate our model to traditional accounts by deriving macroscopic, molar, quantities from microscopic choices.
The role of intracellular pH in environmental adaptation of yeasts

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A Review of Old Age Transitions and Social Protection in Sub Saharan Africa : Psycho-Social Dimensions of Growing Old in Western and African Contexts

The striking improvement in medical facilities and living conditions, has led to many people being able to reach old age. This has called for more research within this developmental age. Psychologically, old age can either be viewed from a chronological age perspective, that is, the ages beginning from 60 or 65 and above or viewed from functional perspective, that is, performance in relation to age related physical, cognitive, social and emotional tasks . Whether chronological or functional, effective transition into old age is related to the social protection that is given to persons at the threshold of this developmental age. Due to physical, cognitive, social and emotional weaknesses experienced at this age, there need for public action to be sensitive to the needs of persons at old age.
A REVIEW ON THE PROBABLE MODE OF ACTION OF HINGUVACHADI CHURNA (POWDER)- AN AYURVEDIC FORMULATION WITH MULTIFACETED ACTION

Since time immemorial, a wide variety of various formulations have been used by Ayurvedic physicians to treat different gastro intestinal disorders which includes Churna (powder), Kwatha (decoctions), fermented preparations like Asava and Arishta, Lehya (linctus), Vati/ Gutika (tablets) etc. Agnimandya (slow digestive power) is considered as the root cause of all disorders in Ayurveda, especially gastrointestinal disorders. Hinguvachadi Churna is a time tested formulation widely used by Ayurvedic practitioners for correcting the digestive power of our body. There are 24 constituents in this formulation and is indicated in the management of certain specific disease conditions originated because of Vata and Kapha humour. Modern scientific world always need explanations and logic behind the mode of action of various Ayurvedic procedures. This review is an attempt to explain the mode of action of this formulation. On analysing the properties of the ingredients, it was found that it is predominant of Katu rasa (pungent taste), Ruksha (dry) Teekshna (sharp) Guna (property), Ushna veerya (hot potency), Katu vipaka (pungent taste after bio transformation). These properties are responsible for the various pharmacological action of the formulation in Ayurvedic terms. As per modern pharmacology, phytoconstituents of many herbs are having action concerned with motility and secretions of Gastrointestinal tract, ultimately resulting in improved digestive capacity of our body. Analysis of mode of action gives a deep insight about the usage of formulations with a better understanding. The physician can apply his logic to use the medicine in contexts other than indicated.
The Effect of Stimulus Area on Global Motion Thresholds in Children and Adults

Performance on random-dot global motion tasks may reach adult-like levels before 4 or as late as 16 years of age, depending on the specific parameters used to create the stimuli. Later maturation has been found for slower speeds, smaller spatial displacements, and sparser dot arrays. This protracted development on global motion tasks may depend on limitations specific to spatial aspects of a motion stimulus rather than to motion mechanisms per se. The current study investigated the impact of varying stimulus area (9, 36, and 81 deg2) on the global motion coherence thresholds of children 4–6 years old and adults for three signal dot displacements (∆x = 1, 5, and 30 arcmin). We aimed to determine whether children could achieve mature performance for the smallest displacements, a condition previously found to show late maturation, when a larger stimulus area was used. Coherence thresholds were higher in children compared to adults in the 1 and 5 arcmin displacement conditions, as reported previously, and this did not change as a function of stimulus area. However, both children and adults performed better with a larger stimulus area in the 30 arcmin displacement condition only. This suggests that immature spatial integration, as measured by stimulus area, cannot account for immaturities in global motion perception.
Vertical and Horizontal Redistribution: The Cases of Western and Eastern Europe

European countries have the world's most redistributive tax and transfer systems. Although they have been well equipped to deal with vertical inequality -- that is, fostering redistribution from the rich to the poor -- less is known about their performance in dealing with horizontal inequality, that is, in redistributing among socioeconomic groups. In a context where individuals may not only care about vertical redistribution, but also about the economic situation of the specific groups to which they belong, the horizontal dimension of redistribution becomes politically salient and can be a source of social tensions. This paper analyzes the performance of the 28 EU countries on redistribution across (i) age groups, (ii) occupational groups, and (iii) household types over 2007–2014 using counterfactual simulation techniques. The analysis finds a great degree of heterogeneity across countries: changes in the tax and transfer system have particularly hit the young and losers of occupational change in Eastern European countries, while households with greater economic security have benefited from these changes. The findings suggest that horizontal inequality is a dimension that policy makers should take into account when reforming tax and transfer systems.
AN ENZYME-FREE DIGITAL BIOSENSOR FOR DETECTION OF REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES

This work presents the design, fabrication and testing of a novel plastic biosensor which utilizes a stimuli responsive polymer for early detection of circulating hydroperoxides in blood. The system, is composed of interdigitated microelectrodes (IDME) coated with a thin film of a responsive polymer which is sensitive to reactive oxygen species (ROS). In presence of hydroperoxides such as lipid hydroperoxide, an early biomarker for atherosclerosis, the morphology of polymer on the surface of the IDME changes as a result of ROS generated from the decomposition of hydroperoxides. This generates a measurable electrical signal that correlates with the amount of hydroperoxides present in the sample.
The non-indigenous isopod Paracerceis sculpta Holmes, 1904 invasion of the Marchica lagoon (Moroccan Mediterranean Coast)

Biological invasions of non-indigenous species (NIS) are the second main cause of biodiversity loss that represent a major environmental and economic threat to biodiversity in coastal marine ecosystems (Nentwig, 2007; Katsanevakis et al., 2014a; CanningClode, 2015; Roy et al., 2019). The Mediterranean Sea is one of the marine basins most affected by NIS. The rate of introduction of marine invasive species has greatly increased during the last years (Katsanevakis et al., 2013; Galil et al., 2016; Zenetos et al., 2017), making the Mediterranean Sea a global hotspot for bioinvasions (Galil et al., 2017). In marine environment, the main vector of the introduction of NIS worldwide is attributed to intense maritime traffic (Petrocelli et al., 2019; Sardain et al., 2019). In this context, ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: Received: Feb. 15, 2021 Accepted: April 26, 2021 Online: May 22, 2021 _________
Collectors' Buying Behavior: A Model Based On Attitudes and Market Heterogeneity

The purpose of this study is to analyze the behavioral aspects of collecting behavior. Following a review of the literature on collecting and related areas, the study examines two alternative theoretical models of collectors’ behavior: (i) the ‘Theory of Planned Behavior’ and its more recent modifications; and (ii) the ‘Theory of Strength-Related Properties of. Utilizing both models the study identifies several market segments of collectors— each with distinctive purchasing behaviors—among a sample of the population of Spain. The study also determines the number of collectors in Spain and the most appropriate behavioral model for describing their activities. The implications of the results for marketing strategies within each segment of the collectibles market are examined in detail.
Olympic Medals: Does The Past Predict The Future?

With the United States retain its position as the top medal-winning nation at last year’s Olympic Games in Rio, the most greatly desirable event came to the end. Is the result the same as your expectation? Is it possible to predict how many medals each nation will win? And what is it about a nation that allows it to produce Olympic medal-winning athletes? Even though the performances of individual athletes can vary unpredictably, we reasoned, there might be an overall relationship between a country's fundamental characteristics (its size and amount of wealth, for instance) and the number of medals it would likely take home. First, considering the past Olympic success, we developed a factor model with its weight in achievement of Games calculated by Grey Prediction Model. Based on this model, we chose china for further analysis and found that there is a link between them but not obvious.
MADD-FOLH1 polymorphisms and serum homocysteine level in patients with coronary heart disease

Background: The MAP-kinase activating death domain-folate hydrolase 1 gene region (MADD-FOLH1) involved in folate metabolism. The present study was determined to detect the association of SNPs in MADD-FOLH1 and serum homocysteine level in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients. Methods: Genotypes of 6 MADD-FOLH1 SNPs were determined by the Snapshot technology platform in 494 unrelated CHD patients, including 84 stable angina (SA) patients, 236 unstable angina (UA) patients and 174 acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. Results: Serum homocysteine level in the group AMI and UA were higher than that in the group SA (P<0.05). Serum homocysteine level in CHD patients was different among different rs7395662 and rs3736101 SNPs genotypes (P<0.01), the subjects with rs7395662 GG genotype had higher serum homocysteine level than that with rs7395662 AG or AA genotype (P<0.05), and this association was mainly present in the group UA but not in the group SA and AMI. The subjects with rs3736101 GA/AA genotypes had higher serum homocysteine level than that with rs3736101 GG genotype (P<0.05), and this association was mainly present in the group AMI but not in the group SA and UA. However, there were no significant differences in genotypic frequency among groups of SA, UA and AMI (P>0.05). Conclusions: Serum homocysteine was related to the clinical manifestation of CHD. The rs7395662 and rs3736101 SNP were associated with serum homocysteine level in CHD, but not associated with the clinical manifestation of CHD.
Anatomy of a Misguided Maximin/Minimax Formulation of Info-Gap's Robustness Model

In the frameworks of classical decision theory and robust optimization, the quest for robustness against severe uncertainty is almost synonymous with the use of Wald’s famous – some would say notorious – Maximin paradigm, or with one of its many variants (eg Savage’s Minimax Regret model). It is therefore puzzling, if not amazing, that both editions of the book on Info-Gap Decision Theory are utterly oblivious to this important paradigm. After all, Info-Gap was developed to provide a methodology that is designed especially for decision making under severe uncertainty. What is more, not only is Info-Gap claimed to be a decision theory that is designed expressly for decision in the face of severe uncertainty, it is claimed to be a new non-probabilistic theory that is radically different from all current theories for decision under uncertainty. These claims about Info-Gap are put forward in the Info-gap books without any substantiating analysis showing this to be the case. In other word, no analysis is provided to show how exactly is Info-Gap’s robustness model different from the numerous instances of Wald’s famous Maximin model. Although this key methodological question was not discussed at the launch of Info-Gap, namely in the Info-gap books, it is addressed in later publications. Thus, later articles on Info-gap address the relation between Info-Gap and Maximin but these articles make it their business to show that Info-Gap’s robustness model is not a Maximin/Minimax model. Now, I have shown formally (proved) on numerous occasions (articles, presentations, seminars, lectures, WIKIPEDIA discussions, etc) that this conclusion and the analysis on which it is based are totally erroneous. The fact is that Info-Gap’s generic robustness model is a typical Maximin model, namely it is a simple, run-of-the-mill instance of Wald’s Maximin model. Not only have I repeatedly explained why the claims in the Info-Gap literature that InfoGap’s robustness model is not a Maximin/Minimax model are mistaken, I also formulated a
Microstructured optical fibers for fluid sensing applications

Optical fiber sensors are one of today’s most prominent research fields in the optical fibers’s domain. This area has been greatly stimulated by the appearance of Microstructured Optical Fibers (MOFs) which allow the structural tailoring of fibers at a very small scale. In particular, MOFs with holes that allow the interaction of fluids with light hold promises in new detection configurations. The present dissertation addresses the fabrication, post-processing and application of MOFs in fluid sensing. After a brief review on chemical optical fiber sensing, the design and fabrication of a five-hole caterpillar-like MOF through a stack-and-draw procedure is described, envisaging future applications in fluid sensing. This fiber was subsequently post-processed using a Focused Ion Beam in order to create microfluidic channels to the external environment that would allow fluids to flow in and out of the fiber even after being spliced on both ends. Afterwards, a suspended-core fiber was fusion spliced to a single-mode fiber and a new sensing configuration was proposed for the detection of volatile organic compounds. By allowing these substances to fill the fiber’s holes in the liquid phase through capillarity forces and then tracking their evaporation dynamics, it was possible to distinguish the behaviour of acetone and isopropyl alcohol, paving the way to a new class of sensors based on evaporation monitoring. Finally, proposals on future developments based on what was achieved with this dissertation are mentioned, evidencing the potential that this work may have in the area of optical fiber sensing.
Pleural fluid investigations for pleural infections

Over 1.5 million patients are admitted to hospital with pneumonia in the United States each year. Up to 50% of them can develop a parapneumonic effusion which is associated with higher mortality. The incidence of pleural infection continues to rise, particularly in the elderly and those with comorbidities. Parapneumonic effusions cover a spectrum of presentations from a free-flowing ‘simple parapneumonic effusion’ to a septated ‘complicated parapneumonic effusion’ (CPE) (usually from bacterial pleural invasion) and ‘empyema’ (presence of pleural pus). Pleural infection is defined as either CPE or empyema, and usually requires evacuation of the infected fluid. Laboratory investigations play an essential part of the diagnosis and management of pleural infection. A parapneumonic effusion is typically a neutrophil-rich exudate. Presence of bacteria from culture of the fluid defines pleural infection but conventional culture methods have a low yield. Surrogate pleural fluid markers are often employed to confirm a CPE, including low pleural fluid pH (<7.2) or glucose (<3.3 mmol/L) and elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Measurement of pleural fluid triglyceride and chylomicrons (for chylothorax) and cholesterol (for pseudochylothorax) may be needed to separate lipid pleural effusions from empyema. Tuberculous pleural effusions usually result from a hypersensitivity pleuritis and are lymphocyte predominant with elevated pleural fluid adenosine deaminase (ADA) and interferon gamma levels. Culture yield of mycobacteria is typically low. Caseating granulomas on pleural tissue biopsy is often considered diagnostic. Common organisms for community-acquired pleural infection include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus anginosus group bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus. Hospital-acquired pleural infections have higher mortality and are often polymicrobial which can include S. aureus, Enterobacteriaceae and anaerobes. Antibiotics and evacuation of the infected fluid, usually by chest tube drainage, remain the mainstay of treatment. Intrapleural fibrinolytic and deoxyribonuclease therapy, or occasionally surgical drainage, may be required.