Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Fly's Eye Camera System -- an instrument design for large \'etendue time-domain survey

In this paper we briefly summarize the design concepts of the Fly's Eye Camera System, a proposed high resolution all-sky monitoring device which intends to perform high cadence time domain astronomy in multiple optical passbands while still accomplish a high \'etendue. Fundings have already been accepted by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in order to design and build a Fly's Eye device unit. Beyond the technical details and the actual scientific goals, this paper also discusses the possibilities and yields of a network operation involving ~10 sites distributed geographically in a nearly homogeneous manner. Currently, we expect to finalize the mount assembly -- that performs the sidereal tracking during the exposures -- until the end of 2012 and to have a working prototype with a reduced number of individual cameras sometimes in the spring or summer of 2013.
Bent-cable Regression Applied to the Daily Maximum Temperature in Cairo Through 2021

We use the so-called bent-cable model to describe the daily maximum temperature in Cairo, Egypt through 2021which exhibit a potentially sharp change in slope. The model comprises two linear segments, joined smoothly by a quadratic bend. The class of bent cables includes, as a limiting case, the popular piecewise-linear model (with a sharp kink), otherwise known as the broken stick. Associated with bent-cable regression is the estimation of the bend width parameter, through which the abruptness of the underlying transition may be assessed. We present worked the recorded maximum temperature in Cairo to demonstrate the regularity and irregularity of bent-cable regression encountered in finite-sample settings. We also presented the projections of the bent-cable for 2022 compared to those of accuweather and broken stick projections. Practical conditions on the design are given to ensure regularity of the full bent-cable estimation problem, if the underlying bend segment has non-zero width. Under such conditions, the least-squares estimators are shown (i) to be consistent, and (ii) to asymptotically follow a multivariate normal distribution. Hence the least-squares estimators are used to analysis the considered data.
Addition to the Mesozoic flora of the Rajmahal Hills, Jharkhand, India

Anatomy is described of three new organ genera-stem, petiole and leaflet of petrified cycadean plants. In addition, information about a bisexual bennettitalean fructification is given and free nucelli of conifer seeds are recorded. Comparison and critical remarks are given on the fossil plants included in this paper.
Theory of algorithms

On Parallel Algorithms of some Orthogonal Transforms (S.S. Agaian and D.Z. Gevorkian). An Efficient Algorithm for Finding Peripheral Nodes (I. Arany). Computational Aspects of Assigning Characteristic Semigroup of Asynchronous Automata and Their Extensions (S. Bocian and B. Mikolajczak). Reichenbach's Propositional Logic in Algorithmic Form (P. Borowik). The Complexity of Weighted Multi-Constrained Spanning Tree Problems (P. Camerini, G. Galbiati and F. Maffioli). An Algorithm for Finding SC-Preimages of a Deterministic Finite Automaton (K. Chmiel). On Entropy Decomposition Methods and Algorithm Design (Th. Fischer). An Efficient Algorithm for Dynamic String-Storage Allocation (D. Fox). Covering Intervals with Intervals under Containment Constraints (M.R. Garey and R.Y. Pinter). How to Construct Random Functions (O. Goldreich, S. Goldwasser and S. Micali). Four Pebbles Don't Suffice to Search Planar Infinite Labyrinths (F. Hoffmann). Parallel Algorithms: The Impact of Communication Complexity (F. Hossfeld). Tight Worst-Case Bounds for Bin-Packing Algorithms (A. Ivanyi). Hypergraph Planarity and the Complexity of Drawing Venn Diagrams (D.S. Johnson and H.O. Pollak). Convolutional Charaterization of Computability and Complexity of Computations (S. Jukna). Succinct Data Representations and the Complexity of Computations (S. Jukna). Lattices, Basis Reduction and the Shortest Vector Problem (R. Kannan). The Characterization of Some Complexity Classes by Recursion Schemata (M. Liskiewicz, K. Lorys and M. Piotrow). Some Algorithmic Problems on Lattices (L. Lovasz). Linear Proofs in the Non-Negative Cone (J. Moravek). Characterizing Some Low Arithmetic Classes (J.B. Paris, W.G. Handley and A.J. Wilkie). Constructing a Simplex Form of a Rational Matrix (A. Rycerz and J. Jegier). Computing N with a Few Number of Additions (I. Ruzsa and Zs. Tuza). A Hierarchy of Polynomial Time Basis Reduction Algorithms (C.P. Schnorr). A Topological View of Some Problems in Complexity Theory (M. Sipser). v-Computations on Turing Machines and the Accepted Languages (L. Staiger). On the Greedy Algorithm for an Edge-Partitioning Problem (Gy. Turan). The Complexity of Linear Quadtrees (T.R. Walsh).
Design a German Equatorial Mount for the Planetary Telescope

Abstract : After a question from a planetary observer/telescope maker was posed to me concerning telescope mounts a reference came to mind that may interest other telescope makers, Fred Tretta published a paper in the Riverside Telescope Makers Conference at 1980 that detailed the mathematical treatment of this fascinating subject Tretta, 1980. Several other related articles will be referred in this paper. Many of our colleagues build their own observing equipment or redesign and modify existing telescopes to make them more stable for high powered observing. There are several caveats and debatable aspects of telescope mount design that will be discussed in the next section There is nothing more frustrating than a shaky mount that poorly tracks the planet you are studying. For those who photograph or use CCD cameras the tracking and alignment of the telescope mount is even more important, as important as good optics. To keep a magnified image of an extended object in place during exposures the planetary telescope must be at least ten times more stable than one used for deep sky photography and hundreds of time better than for visual observing.
Dynamics of a closed viscous universe

We use a dynamical systems approach based on the method of orthonormal frames to study the dynamics of a nontilted Bianchi type IX cosmological model with a bulk and shear viscous fluid source. We begin by completing a detailed fixed-point analysis which give the local sinks, sources and saddles of the dynamical system. We then analyze the global dynamics by finding the $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-and $\ensuremath{\omega}$-limit sets which give an idea of the past and future asymptotic behavior of the system. The fixed points were found to be a flat Friedmann-LeMai\ifmmode \hat{}\else \^{}\fi{}tre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) solution, Bianchi type II solution, Kasner circle, Jacobs disc, Bianchi type $\mathrm{V}\mathrm{I}{\mathrm{I}}_{0}$ solutions, and several closed FLRW solutions in addition to the Einstein static universe solution. Each equilibrium point was described in both its expanding and contracting epochs. We conclude the paper with some numerical experiments that shed light on the global dynamics of the system along with its heteroclinic orbits. With respect to past asymptotic states, we were able to conclude that the Jacobs disc in the expanding epoch was a source of the system along with the flat FLRW solution in a contracting epoch. With respect to future asymptotic states, we were able to show that the flat FLRW solution in an expanding epoch along with the Jacobs disc in the contracting epoch were sinks of the system. We were also able to demonstrate a new result with respect to the Einstein static universe. Namely, we gave certain conditions on the parameter space such that the Einstein static universe has an associated stable subspace. We were, however, not able to conclusively say anything about whether a closed FLRW model could be a past or future asymptotic state of the model.
ANOTHER LOOK AT A PRIORI RELATIONSHIPS AMONG TRAFFIC FLOW CHARACTERISTICS (WITH DISCUSSION AND CLOSURE)

Past derivations of a priori relationships among speed, flow, and concentration (such as the fundamental relationship and the speed-flow-occupancy relationship) have involved unrealistic assumptions of uniformity in at least one traffic flow characteristic. Several relationships are derived for which these assumptions of uniformity are relaxed. For relationships involving both time- and distance-based variables, this requires that the relationship be understood in probabilistic terms; where all variables are time-based, deterministic relationships are also possible. The fundamental relationship can be shown to be strictly true in the limit where the time and distance intervals over which measurements are taken approach 0. Where the order of arrival of vehicles with particular speeds is random, the fundamental relationship is found to hold for average values of the variables in question; this is also true if the section over which density is measured is empty at the beginning and end of the time interval used for averaging. Relationships derived under various other assumptions involve covariance terms, so that if particular variables are not correlated, simple relationships continue to hold. Where these variables are correlated, biases may be expected. Under certain conditions, these biases may be quite serious. Comparison of the relationships derived here with those of past empirical studies results in good agreement for the relationship between density, as estimated from the fundamental relationship, and occupancy. On the other hand, previously reported discrepancies between measured speeds and speeds calculated from flows and occupancies cannot be explained fully by the covariance terms in the relationships derived here.
QTL Analysis and Heterosis Loci of Effective Tiller Using Three Genetic Populations Derived from Indica-Japonica Crosses in Rice

Effective panicle numbers (PNs) and Tiller numbers (TNs) are important traits affecting rice (Oryza sativa L.) architecture and grain yield. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying PN and TN heterosis remain unknown in rice. In addition, new PN- or TN-related genes need to be detected and discovered. In this study, in order to detect rice quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and the heterosis-related loci of PN or TN in rice, we developed a high generation recombinant inbred line (RIL) population from a cross of two elite cultivars, Luohui9 (Xian/Indica) and RPY geng (Geng/Japonica), and two testcross hybrid populations derived from the crosses of RILs and two cytoplasmic male sterile lines, YTA (Xian/Indica) and Z7A (Geng/Japonica). Finally, nine QTLs of PN across four seasons were identified, and two QTLs of TN in 191HB were mapped. Besides this, six heterosis-related QTLs of PN and five heterosis-related QTLs of TN were located. We found that heterosis-related QTLs of PN or TN covered multiple known genes, such as MOC1, TAC1 and OsETR2. Furthermore, homologous gene analysis identified one candidate gene of PN (LOC_10g25720). Together, these findings uncover multiple heterosis-related loci, and provide a new insight into the heterosis mechanism of PN and TN in rice.
Effectiveness of Learning Electric Power System Transmission using Higher Other Thinking Skill based Simulation

The research discusses the effectiveness of learning in the field of Electrical Power Transmission (EPT). The model developed by applying the Higher Other Thinking Skill (HOTS) strategy using computer simulation media at levels 4 and 5, which is not yet optimal in improving learning outcomes in the EPT field. The HOTS strategy at the level of analysis and evaluation is needed in the study of electric power transmission which has abstract study material through complex mathematical modeling, so it requires HOTS. Measurement of the effectiveness of EPT learning begins with a needs analysis, through 14 questions identifying learning needs. Furthermore, building EPT simulation media equipped with HOTS Practice questions, and Construct Model-Tracking-Simulation and Analysis (CTA) syntax in learning, as a strategy for achieving EPT learning. The media has been validated by 4 experts with the Aiken's V approach through media instrument validation with a value of 0.86 which is declared valid. It has been tested the effectiveness of learning as measured through trials in the experimental class and control class on 22 students in the control class and 23 students in the experiment class (45 respondents). In the control class, an inquiry model is applied, while the experimental class is a CTA based simulation model. From the results of the tests that have been carried out, the average value of the experimental class was 78,53 and 68,57 in the control class. The application of the simulation-based HOTS thinking skills strategy is effectively used by students in EPT learning.
BODY FLUIDS AS AFFECTED BY FAT SUPPLEMENTATIONDURING HEAT STRESS IN BROILERS

This study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary fat supplementation in body fluids compartments, respiration rate (RR) and rectal temperature (Rt) of broilers during heat exposure. One hundred and twenty (1- day – old) unsexed Sasso chicks were divided randomly into 4 groups. The first group was fed a control diet and kept under normal ambient temperature (28 o c). The second group was fed the control diet and exposed to 40 o c for 3 hrs. at 49 days of age. The third group was fed the control diet supplemented with corn oil (6%). The fourth group was fed the control diet supplemented with (6%) corn oil and exposed to 40 o c for 3hrs. at 49 days of age. Body fluids compartments, respiration rate and rectal temperature were measured. Results indicated that rectal temperature and respiration rate increased during heat exposure in broilers fed diet with or without fat supplementation. Fat supplementation diet decreased total body water % (TBW%) of broilers with or without heat exposure. Heat exposure (40 o c) decreased the percentage of plasma volume (PV%) in broilers. Fat supplementation prevent the reduction of P.V%. In occlusion, the maintenance of plasma volume % in broilers via dietary fat supplementation is an adaptive mechanism to heat stress.
A primer on mapping class groups

Given a compact connected orientable surface S there are two fundamental objects attached: a group and a space. The group is the mapping class group of S, denoted by Mod(S). This group is defined by the isotopy classes of orientation-preserving homeomorphism from S to itself. Equivalently, Mod(S) may be defined using diffeomorphisms instead of homeomorphisms or homotopy classes instead of isotopy classes. The space is the Teichmüller space of S, Teich(S). Teichmüller space and moduli space are fundamental objects in fields like low-dimensional topology, algebraic geometry and mathematical physics. If X (S) < 0, the Teichmüller space can be thought of as the set of homotopy classes of hyperbolic structures of S or, equivalently, as the set of isotopy classes of hyperbolic metrics on S, HypMet(S). The group and the space are connected through the moduli space in the following way. The group of orientation-preserving diffeomorphisms of S, Diff+(S) acts on HypMet(S) and this action descends to an action of Mod(S) on Teich(S) which is properly discontinuous. The quotient space,
Evaluation of Disability Progression in Multiple Sclerosis via Magnetic-Resonance-Based Deep Learning Techniques

Short-term disability progression was predicted from a baseline evaluation in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) using their three-dimensional T1-weighted (3DT1) magnetic resonance images (MRI). One-hundred-and-eighty-one subjects diagnosed with MS underwent 3T-MRI and were followed up for two to six years at two sites, with disability progression defined according to the expanded-disability-status-scale (EDSS) increment at the follow-up. The patients’ 3DT1 images were bias-corrected, brain-extracted, registered onto MNI space, and divided into slices along coronal, sagittal, and axial projections. Deep learning image classification models were applied on slices and devised as ResNet50 fine-tuned adaptations at first on a large independent dataset and secondly on the study sample. The final classifiers’ performance was evaluated via the area under the curve (AUC) of the false versus true positive diagram. Each model was also tested against its null model, obtained by reshuffling patients’ labels in the training set. Informative areas were found by intersecting slices corresponding to models fulfilling the disability progression prediction criteria. At follow-up, 34% of patients had disability progression. Five coronal and five sagittal slices had one classifier surviving the AUC evaluation and null test and predicted disability progression (AUC > 0.72 and AUC > 0.81, respectively). Likewise, fifteen combinations of classifiers and axial slices predicted disability progression in patients (AUC > 0.69). Informative areas were the frontal areas, mainly within the grey matter. Briefly, 3DT1 images may give hints on disability progression in MS patients, exploiting the information hidden in the MRI of specific areas of the brain.
Surgical Treatment of Glioblastoma: State-of-the-Art and Future Trends

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive disease and is associated with poor prognosis despite treatment advances in recent years. Surgical resection of tumor remains the main therapeutic option when approaching these patients, especially when combined with adjuvant radiochemotherapy. In the present study, we conducted a comprehensive literature review on the state-of-the-art and future trends of the surgical treatment of GBM, emphasizing topics that have been the object of recent study.
Advances in Antitumor Nano-Drug Delivery Systems of 10-Hydroxycamptothecin

Abstract 10-Hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) is a natural plant alkaloid from Camptotheca that shows potent antitumor activity by targeting intracellular topoisomerase I. However, factors such as instability of the lactone ring and insolubility in water have limited the clinical application of this drug. In recent years, unprecedented advances in biomedical nanotechnology have facilitated the development of nano drug delivery systems. It has been found that nanomedicine can significantly improve the stability and water solubility of HCPT. NanoMedicines with different diagnostic and therapeutic functions have been developed to significantly improve the anticancer effect of HCPT. In this paper, we collected reports on HCPT nanomedicines against tumors in the past decade. Based on current research advances, we dissected the current status and limitations of HCPT nanomedicines development and looked forward to future research directions.
Effect of the Particle Size and Layer Thickness of GNP Fillers on the Dielectric Properties and Actuated Strain of GNP–PDMS Composites

Dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs), a type of electroactive polymers (EAPs), are smart materials that are used in various fields such as artificial muscles and biomimetic robots. In this study, graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), which are conductive carbon fillers, were added to a widely used DEA, namely, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), to improve its low actuated strain. Four grades of GNPs were used: H5, H25, M5, and M25 (here, the number following the letter indicates the average particle size of the GNPs in μm). The average layer thickness of the H grade is 13–14 nm and that of the M grade is 5–7 nm. PDMS composites were prepared by adding 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 wt% of each GNP, following which the mechanical properties, dielectric properties, and actuated strain of the composites were measured. The mechanical properties were found to increase as the particle size increased. Regarding the dielectric characteristics, it was found that the higher the aspect ratio of the filler, the easier the formation of a micro-capacitor network in the composite—this led to an increase in the dielectric constant. In addition, the higher amounts of GNPs in the composites also led to an increase in the dielectric constant. For the actuated strain analysis, the electromechanical sensitivity was calculated using the ratio of the dielectric constant to the Young’s modulus, which is proportional to the strain. However, it was found that when the loss tangent was high, the performance of the actuated strain decreased owing to the conversion of electric energy into thermal energy and leakage current loss. As a result, the highest actuated strain was exhibited by the M25 composite, with an actuated strain value of 3.01% measured at a low electric field (<4 kV/mm). In conclusion, we proved that the GNP–PDMS composites with a thin layer and large particle size exhibited high deformation.
Effects of Palm Kernel Meal in Diets of Layer KUB Chicken

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different levels of palm kernel meal (PKM) on diets of layer KUB (Kampung Unggul Balibangtan) chicken. Local feed was included in the various diets of PKM at levels of 0% (T1), 10% of PKM (T2) and 20% of PKM (T3). This research was conducted in 2019 at the beginning of layer period. One hundred and forty-four 22-week-old layer birds were selected from a flock and randomly allocated to three treatments with 3 replicates of the diet feeds introduced. Feed intake and egg production were determined using the SPSS Software. The increase in PKM levels had no effect on feed intake and egg production (p>0.05). The egg production in each treatment were 65.39%, 60.67 % and 62.50%. PKM applied in T3 (20%) did not affect the egg production in KUB chickens due to low crude fibre (4.64%). The price of feed in T1, T2 and T3 were IDR 6,000, IDR 5,250 and IDR 4,500 respectively. With the difference in PKM feed prices of IDR 1,500 compared to commercial feed, this is expected to reduce the cost of KUB chicken production. Keywords: Palm kernel meal (PKM), layer KUB chicken, production
Properties of Doubly Stochastic Poisson Process with affine intensity

This paper discusses properties of a Doubly Stochastic Poisson Process (DSPP) where the intensity process belongs to a class of affine diffusions. For any intensity process from this class we derive an analytical expression for probability distribution functions of the corresponding DSPP. A specification of our results is provided in a particular case where the intensity is given by one-dimensional Feller process and its parameters are estimated by Kalman filtering for high frequency transaction data.
The Taiwan Central Weather Bureau Regional Spectral Model for Seasonal Prediction: Multiparallel Implementation and Preliminary Results

A regional spectral model (RSM) is developed at the Taiwan Central Weather Bureau (CWB). It is based on the same model structure, dynamics, and physics of the CWB global spectral model (GSM) and the perturbation concept of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) RSM for lateral boundary treatment. The advantages of this new regional model include minimization of possible inconsistency between GSM and RSM through lateral boundary influence and reduction of resources used to manage and maintain the model. One-dimensional decomposition is utilized to slice the model into subdomains to run on a massive parallelprocessor machine. The Message-Passing Interface (MPI) is adopted to communicate among each subdomain. The computational dependency, such as the summation in spectral transformation, is a restriction for the decomposition, so that the reproducibility using different numbers of processors is achieved. The performance in terms of wall-clock time follows the theoretical curve of parallelization. It can reach 95% parallelization by ‘‘homemade’’ PC Linux cluster, and 90% by CWB Fujitsu VPP5000. One case is selected to perform 2-month integration in a simulation mode and a forecast mode. The results indicate a reasonable monsoon frontal evolution as compared with analysis, and it has similar or less root-meansquare error (rmse) as compared to that of CWB GSM. The same run with NCEP RSM nested into CWB GSM shows a larger rmse than CWB RSM; it demonstrates the advantage of having the same model structure, dynamics, and physics between CWB GSM and CWB RSM.