Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Can Machine Learning Predict Running Kinematics Based on Upper Trunk GPS-Based IMU Acceleration? A Novel Method of Conducting Biomechanical Analysis in the Field Using Artificial Neural Networks

This study aimed to investigate whether running kinematics can be accurately estimated through an artificial neural network (ANN) model containing GPS-based accelerometer variables and anthropometric data. Thirteen male participants with extensive running experience completed treadmill running trials at several speeds. Participants wore a GPS device containing a triaxial accelerometer, and running kinematics were captured by an 18-camera motion capture system for each trial. Multiple multilayer perceptron neural network models were constructed to estimate participants’ 3D running kinematics. The models consisted of the following input variables: 3D peak accelerometer acceleration during foot stance (g), stance time (s), running speed (km/h), participant height (cm), leg length (cm), and mass (kg). Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r), root mean squared error (RMSE), and relative root mean squared error (rRMSE) showed that ANN models provide accurate estimations of joint/segment angles (mean rRMSE = 13.0 ± 4.3%) and peak segment velocities (mean rRMSE = 22.1 ± 14.7%) at key gait phases across foot stance. The highest accuracies were achieved for flexion/extension angles of the thorax, pelvis, and hip, and peak thigh flexion/extension and vertical velocities (rRMSE < 10%). The current findings offer sports science and medical practitioners working with this data a method of conducting field-based analyses of running kinematics using a single IMU.
Gratitude for Teenagers with Disabilities (Physical Disability)

The purpose of this study is to describe gratitude in teenagers with disabilities (physical disability). This type of research is qualitative with a phenomenological approach. The subjects are adolescents who are physically disabled. The results obtained show that gratitude is a feeling and attitude of accepting everything that has been given by God, by trying to return everything to God. Factors that influence the gratitude of adolescents with disabilities are faith in God, the presence of parents, social support (friends, parents, and living environment), religious experience. Meanwhile, the benefits obtained from the feeling of gratitude are physical health, increased ability of self-esteem, not easily despairing, living life without burden and being more patient.
Artificial Intelligence Models for the Automation of Standard Diagnostics in Sleep Medicine—A Systematic Review

Sleep disorders, prevalent in the general population, present significant health challenges. The current diagnostic approach, based on a manual analysis of overnight polysomnograms (PSGs), is costly and time-consuming. Artificial intelligence has emerged as a promising tool in this context, offering a more accessible and personalized approach to diagnosis, particularly beneficial for under-served populations. This is a systematic review of AI-based models for sleep disorder diagnostics that were trained, validated, and tested on diverse clinical datasets. An extensive search of PubMed and IEEE databases yielded 2114 articles, but only 18 met our stringent selection criteria, underscoring the scarcity of thoroughly validated AI models in sleep medicine. The findings emphasize the necessity of a rigorous validation of AI models on multimodal clinical data, a step crucial for their integration into clinical practice. This would be in line with the American Academy of Sleep Medicine’s support of AI research.
Model-Free Control of a Soft Pneumatic Segment

Soft robotics faces challenges in attaining control methods that ensure precision from hard-to-model actuators and sensors. This study focuses on closed-chain control of a segment of PAUL, a modular pneumatic soft arm, using elastomeric-based resistive sensors with negative piezoresistive behaviour irrespective of ambient temperature. PAUL’s performance relies on bladder inflation and deflation times. The control approach employs two neural networks: the first translates position references into valve inflation times, and the second acts as a state observer to estimate bladder inflation times using sensor data. Following training, the system achieves position errors of 4.59 mm, surpassing the results of other soft robots presented in the literature. The study also explores system modularity by assessing performance under external loads from non-actuated segments.
The Research Progress on the Interaction between Mammalian Gut Microbiota and the Host’s Metabolism Homeostasis during Hibernation

Hibernating mammals confront seasonal and harsh environmental shifts, prompting a cycle of pre-hibernation feeding and subsequent winter fasting. These adaptive practices induce diverse physiological adjustments within the animal’s body. With the gut microbiota’s metabolic activity being heavily reliant on the host’s diet, this cycle’s primary impact is on this microbial community. When the structure and composition of the gut microbiota changes, corresponding alterations in the interactions occur between these microorganisms and their host. These successive adaptations significantly contribute to the host’s capacity to sustain relatively stable metabolic and immune functions in severe environmental conditions. A thorough investigation into the reciprocal interplay between the host and gut microbiota during hibernation-induced adaptive changes holds promise for unveiling new insights. Understanding the underlying mechanisms driving these interactions may potentially unlock innovative approaches to address extreme pathological conditions in humans.
Construir espacios urbanos desde las geografías de género y de las sexualidades

La Geografía es la ciencia que se ocupa de estudiar el espacio, entendido éste como una instancia más de la totalidad social. En este trabajo se propone reflexionar sobre el espacio urbano desde las Geografías de género y de las sexualidades. En un primer momento se presentará una concepción del espacio geográfico a partir de la recuperación de los aportes de Doreen Massey, para luego pensar su cruce con la perspectiva de género y la mirada interseccional. A continuación, se mostrarán diversas maneras de habitar y construir el espacio urbano a través de casos que permiten ejemplificarlas. Analizar la sociedad en términos de género no implica simplemente visibilizar o incorporar a las mujeres a los estudios, sino comprender las relaciones que se producen entre las personas con diferentes identidades de género; de allí que analizar desde una perspectiva de género requiere pensar de manera relacional. Este comportamiento sexualizado tiene una dimensión espacial y está conformado por normas e ideas sobre la sexualidad. De modo que un mismo espacio físico adquirirá diferentes significados para cada colectivo según su posicionalidad con respecto a los sistemas sociales dominantes.
Time Variant Adjustment for The Solution of Control Point Unstability in Deformation Analysis of Borobudur Vertical Deformation Monitoring Network

Borobudur is Indonesian's cultural heritage which is recognized as a world heritage by UNESCO. As a world heritage structure, monitoring and maintenance have to be carried out periodically at Borobudur. Monitoring the vertical deformation of the temple using Geodetic method is one kind of monitoring which have to be done, in this case the monitoring uses leveling network. The design of leveling network at Borobudur in 2002 used absolute network, but the control point of this network has been indicated to be shifted. The control point displacement would cause a systematic error in the adjustment computation method for the analysis of vertical displacement. The correction of control point elevation due to the vertical shift is needed prior to the adjustment computation using observation model. In addition, there is a time variant adjustment computation method which able to calculate the vertical rate of object point displacement. This study aims to compare the vertical displacement analysis of the Borobudur’s vertical network from the adjustment computation using observation model with the correction of control point height and from time-variant adjustment method.Data used in this study were the elevation differences from leveling measurements in 2002, 2003 and 2004, and the elevation and vertical velocity of the control point in 2002. Adjustment computation using observation model began with the elevation correction of control point at each epoch. The adjustment computation was taken to determine the elevation of monitoring points at each epoch. Statistical test and vertical displacement analysis using significance parameter tests was carried out to analyze the results. Adjustment computation using time-variant method was taken to determine the elevation and the vertical velocity of the monitoring points at certain epoch intervals and validated using global test after the adjustment computation.The vertical displacement magnitude of Borobudur’s monitoring points, resulted from the parameter adjustment computation with the correction of control point compared to the time-variant adjustment results was differed in nanometer. Time-variant adjustment computation method gave more accurates result of 1.5 times better than the observation model.
Exposure of Zebrafish Embryos to Urea Affects NOS1 Gene Expression in Neuronal Cells

Nitrogen-based fertilizers represent the most common fertilization tools, particularly used in crop food agriculture, despite the low cost-efficiency and the high negative environmental impact. At present, there is still inadequate information available about the effects of urea on human health; nevertheless, previous studies in animals observed that high urea concentration exposure can damage different tissues, including the brain. In several vertebrates, a crucial factor involved in neuronal cell formation is represented by the gas molecule, nitric oxide (NO), derived from the conversion of arginine to citrulline through the enzymatic activity of nitric oxide synthases (NOS). In zebrafish, three different isoforms of the NOS gene are known: nos1, nos2a, and nos2b. In the present study we show that nos1 represents the unique isoform with a stable high expression in the brain and spinal cord during all the embryonic stages of zebrafish development. Then, by using a specific transgenic zebrafish line, Tg(HuC:GFP), to mark neuronal cells, we observed nos1 to be specifically expressed in neurons. Interestingly, we observed that urea exposure at sub-lethal doses affected cell proliferation and the number of nos1-expressing cells, inducing apoptosis. Consistently, brain NO levels were observed to be reduced in urea-treated animals compared to untreated ones. This finding represents the first evidence that urea exposure affects the expression of a key gene involved in neuronal cell formation during embryonic development.
Multifaceted Functionalities of Bridge-Type DC Reactor Fault Current Limiters: An Experimentally Validated Investigation

With the ongoing expansion and interconnection of electrical power systems, alongside the rapid proliferation of renewable distributed generations (DGs), the short-circuit extent in the power grid is experiencing a significant rise. Fault current limiters (FCLs) have been introduced in an effort to address this issue, ensuring the robustness and sustainability of expensive power system components when confronted with short-circuit faults. Among the various types of FCLs, bridge-type DC reactor fault current limiters (BDCR-FCLs) have emerged as one of the most promising options. While BDCR-FCLs have shown excellent properties in limiting harmful short-circuit currents, they are also advantageous in other respects. This paper investigates the supplementary functionalities of BDCR-FCLs as a multifaceted device towards the enhancement of the quality of supplied energy in terms of total harmonic distortion (THD) reduction, power factor (PF) correction, peak current reduction for nonlinear loads, and soft load variation effects, as well as their capability to limit fault current. To this aim, the capabilities of BDCR-FCLs have been studied through various simulated case studies in PSCAD/EMTDC software V5.0. 1, in addition to experimental tests considering an AC microgrid connected to a DC system. The experimental and simulation investigations verify the superior multifaceted functionalities BDCR-FCLs introduce in addition to their excellent fault current-limiting capabilities. The results show that PF improved by 6.7% and 7%, respectively, in simulation and experimental tests. Furthermore, the current THD decreased by 20% and 18% in the simulation and experiment, respectively.
Trends of regenerative tissue engineering for oral and maxillofacial reconstruction in veterinary medicine

Oral and maxillofacial (OMF) defects are not limited to humans and are often encountered in other species. Reconstructing significant tissue defects requires an excellent strategy for efficient and cost-effective treatment. In this regard, tissue engineering comprising stem cells, scaffolds, and signaling molecules is emerging as an innovative approach to treating OMF defects in veterinary patients. This review presents a comprehensive overview of OMF defects and tissue engineering principles to establish proper treatment and achieve both hard and soft tissue regeneration in veterinary practice. Moreover, bench-to-bedside future opportunities and challenges of tissue engineering usage are also addressed in this literature review.
The Proper Place of Men and Machines - Updated

The central claim of Martin Kay’s famous article “The Proper Place of Men and Machines in Language Translation” is that one cannot automate what one does not fully understand – in this case, translation. In light of the impressive quality of the translations produced by current neural machine translation systems (henceforth, NMT), we return to that claim and examine whether it still obtains for NMT, which implements a variety of distributional semantics. Acknowledging the obvious, i.e. that machines clearly do not understand in the same way that humans do, we contend that NMT translations are indeed meaning-based. In support of that contention, we point to the success of certain NMT systems in achieving so-called zero-shot translation between languages where no explicit training data are available to them. We conclude by suggesting that these systems now require us to invert the proper roles of men and machines in language translation.
Understanding The Consequences of a City’s Spatial Structure through its Density Profile as Indicator. A Case Study in Manado Municipal, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

This paper aims to identify the spatial structure of Manado municipal, capital of North Sulawesi Province in Indonesia, through its density profile as indicator, which is the trend of density level according to the spatial units distance to the city center. This paper also tries to elaborate on the potential problems in the city as well as the urban planning policy which are associated with the spatial structure identified. The data used are the maps of administrative and built-up area and the distribution of population and service center by spatial units in Manado. The parameters of density profile examined are the administrative and built up density and the accessibility distance to the city center from the service center of the spatial units. By interpreting the existing density profile based on some relevant theoretical premises, the spatial structure type and its associative problems and policy can be identified. The result shows that the spatial structure of Manado municipal tends to be monocentric in certain boundary from the city center, but start shifting to polycentric pattern in the peri-urban zone. This characteristic is associated with some potential problems such as acute traffic congestion, air pollution, emerging of slum and squatter and the increased risk of disasters, specifically on downtown area. In the peri-urban zone, the potential significant problems is the phenomenon of sprawling and all its associated impacts such as fragmentation of green open space, increased dependence on private vehicles and increased investment and maintenance costs for infrastructure.
Performance of a refurbished unmanned combat air vehicle model with trailing edge blowing

A CAD Unmanned Combat Air Vehicle (UCAV 1303) model is constructed from the surface geometry information gleaned from different publications. A simple C- grid is constructed for the purpose of studying the effect of a sheet of ejection jet installed at the thicker portion of the trailing edge to investigate possible effects it could have upon the aerodynamic lift and drag of the UCAV 1303 model. The blowing seemed to improve the lift and make a marginal improvement upon drag.
Quantifying the water balance of Mfabeni Mire (iSimangaliso Wetland Park, South Africa) to understand its importance, functioning and vulnerability.

Peatlands occurring in regions with high rates of total evaporation (ET), matching or exceeding precipitation (P) during seasonal dry periods or longer-term dry spells, are dependent on sustained groundwater flows to ensure peat accumulation. The objective of this study was to quantify the water balance of Mfabeni Mire in South Africa over one year, and thereby define its contribution to downstream and adjacent ecosystems and identify risks and consequences likely to arise from future shifts in the water balance. P (1,031 mm) and ET (1,053 mm) dominated the water balance measured from May 2008 to April 2009. These were followed by groundwater inflows (14 mm), stream outflow (9 mm) and storage change (-3 mm, a net loss in water stored in the mire) with the smallest flux being groundwater outflow (0.3 mm). There were differences in the seasonal patterns of ET from the two dominant plant communities (swamp forest and sedge/reed fen), which probably resulted from their significantly different canopy structures. Limiting factors for ET were low vapour pressure deficit and cloud cover. Although the water balance of Mfabeni Mire was dominated by and equally split between ET and P, it still contributed a small efflux to downstream ecosystems by streamflow. Its value in a landscape where seasonality and long-term dry periods are major ecological drivers lies in its damping effect on climatic variability. This creates a more stable environment for adjacent aquatic ecosystems by contributing to a steady groundwater condition. Mires occurring in areas that experience dry periods, where water stress frequently threatens biodiversity, should be recognised as assets in natural resource management; and their potential to support adjacent ecosystems should be protected through planning and conservation practices. Management of the area should include careful consideration of any proposed changes in land use or encouragement of one plant community at the expense of another, as such changes will alter the equilibrium of the water balance. Mfabeni Mire is particularly vulnerable through the impact of adjacent commercial forestry, which has impacted river and estuary management over the last 80 years and depleted groundwater levels in the surrounding aquifers.
Proximity to freshwater and seagrass availability mediate the impacts of climate change on the distribution of the West Indian manatee

How climate change alters persistence and distribution of endangered species is an urgent question in current ecological research. However, many species distribution models do not consider consumers in the context of their resources. The distribution and survival of the West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus), listed as a Vulnerable species on the IUCN Red List, critically depend on seagrass resources and freshwater sources for drinking. We parameterized Maxent models with Bio-ORACLE environmental layers, freshwater proximity data, and modelled seagrass distance layers, to determine manatee and seagrass distributions under future climate change scenarios. We used two plausible IPCC Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP45 and RCP26, respectively) for the year 2050. The model fits had high accuracies and predicted a marked decline in seagrass coverage (RCP26: -1.9%, RCP45: -6%), coinciding with declines in manatee ranges (RCP26: -9%, RCP45: -11.8%). We also found that over 94% of the projected manatee distribution for all scenarios fell within the seagrass distribution. The analysis showed a decline in seagrass coverage to significantly impact manatee distributions, since the distance to seagrass ecological layer contributed significantly to manatee distributions, along with distance to freshwater sources. Our findings suggest that manatees will lose substantial range due to future climate change, but the extent and direction of this change will be mediated by the degree of warming and its impact on the resources manatees depend on.
A GNSS/INS Integrated Navigation Compensation Method Based on CNN–GRU + IRAKF Hybrid Model During GNSS Outages

The integrated navigation system, which consists of the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and inertial navigation system (INS), is widely used in various platforms. However, when the GNSS signal is unavailable, the GNSS/INS integrated navigation system will be converted into INS working alone. The error will gradually diverge. To solve this problem, this article constructs a hybrid neural network model composed of convolutional neural network (CNN) and gated recurrent unit (GRU). It combines the Pseudo-measurement information of GNSS predicted by the model with INS for integrated navigation to compensate for the interruption of GNSS and correct the error of INS. At the same time, considering that the predicted GNSS position information has a significant error, if the estimation is not accurate, the filtering accuracy of the system will decrease. Therefore, this article proposes an improved robust adaptive Kalman filter (IRAKF) algorithm to estimate the measurement noise covariance matrix for GNSS pseudo-measurement information. The actual road test results show that the addition of the CNN–GRU model and IRAKF algorithm improves the overall accuracy of the system.
Improving Biocompatibility of Polyurethanes Apply in Medicine Using Oxygen Plasma and Its Negative Effect on Increased Bacterial Adhesion

Polyurethanes (PUs) are versatile polymers used in medical applications due to their high flexibility and fatigue resistance. PUs are widely used for synthetic blood vessels, wound dressings, cannulas, and urinary and cardiovascular catheters. Many scientific reports indicate that surface wettability is crucial for biocompatibility and bacterial adhesion. The use of oxygen plasma to modify PUs is advantageous because of its effectiveness in introducing oxygen-containing functional groups, thereby altering surface wettability. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the modification of the oxygen plasma of polyurethane on its biocompatibility with lung tissue (A549 cell line) and the adhesion of Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus and S. epidermidis). The results showed that the modification of polyurethane by oxygen plasma allowed the introduction of functional groups containing oxygen (-OH and -COOH), which significantly increased its hydrophilicity (change from 105° ± 2° to 9° ± 2°) of PUs. Surface analysis by atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed changes in PU topography (change in maximum height from ∼110.3 nm to ∼32.1 nm). Moreover, biocompatibility studies on A549 cells showed that on the PU-modified surface, the cells exhibited altered morphology (increases in cell surface area and length, and thus reduced circularity) without concomitant effects on cell viability. However, serial dilution and plate count and microscopic methods confirmed that plasma modification significantly increased the adhesion of S. aureus and S. epidermidis bacteria. This study indicate the important role of surface hydrophilicity in biocompatibility and bacterial adhesion, which is important in the design of new medical biomaterials.