Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Far-Infrared Radiation Mobile Observation System for spectral characterisation of the atmospheric emission

The Far-Infrared Radiation Mobile Observation System (FIRMOS) is a Fourier transform spectroradiometer developed to support the Far-infrared Outgoing Radiation Understanding and Monitoring (FORUM) satellite mission by validating measurement methods and instrument design concepts, both in the laboratory and in field campaigns. FIRMOS is capable of measuring the downwelling spectral radiance emitted by the atmosphere in the spectral band from 100 to 1000 cm − 1 (10–100 µ m in wavelength), with a maximum spectral resolution of 0.25 cm − 1 . We describe the instrument design and its characterisa-5 tion and discuss the geophysical products obtained by inverting the atmospheric spectral radiance measured during a campaign from the high-altitude location of Mount Zugspitze in Germany, beside the Extended-range Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (E-AERI), which is permanently installed at the site. Following the selection of clear-sky scenes, using a specific algorithm, the water vapour and temperature profiles were retrieved from the FIRMOS spectra by applying the Kyoto protocol and Informed Management of the Adaptation (KLIMA) code. The profiles were found in very good agreement with 10 those provided by radiosondes and by the Raman lidar operating from the Zugspitze Schneefernerhaus
Cross-Polarized Synthetic Aperture Radar: A New Potential Measurement Technique for Hurricanes

We present an empirical C-band Cross-Polarization Ocean (C-2PO) model for wind retrievals from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data collected by the RADARSAT-2 satellite. The C-2PO model relates normalized radar cross section (NRCS) in cross polarization to wind speed at 10-m height. This wind retrieval model has the characteristic that it is independent of wind direction and radar incidence angle but is quite linear with respect to wind speed. To evaluate the accuracy of the proposed model, winds with a resolution on the scale of 1 km were retrieved from a dual-polarization SAR image of Hurricane Earl on 2 September 2010, using the C-2PO model and compared with CMOD5.N, the newest available C-band geophysical model function (GMF), and validated with collocated airborne stepped-frequency microwave radiometer measurements and National Data Buoy Center data. Results suggest that for winds up to 38 m s−1, C-2PO has a bias of −0.89 m s−1 and a root-meansquare error of 3.23 m s−1 compared to CMOD5.N, which has .
Possible Metabolic Transformation of Pinenes to Ionones

The unintended consequence of the ingestion of certain foods to alter the scent or color of urine is well known [1]. Less awareness exists regarding the practice of ingestion of natural products or drugs with the intended purpose of conferring urine the scent of violets [2]. The resin of the terebinth tree and the derived turpentine were widely used in Antiquity in wine-making, both as taste enhancer and conserving agent, so the effect on urine was possibly noticed due to the presence in wines [3]. The scent altering effect requires metabolic conversion of pinene, the main turpentine component to ionone, the molecule mainly responsible for the scent of violets [2,4]. The metabolic pathway (in humans or otherwise) was (to our knowledge) not yet described [4]. Thus, we here propose a possible metabolic pathway for the conversion of pinene to ionone, explaining the scent altering effect of turpentine.
Lax Kleisli-valued presheaves and coalgebraic weak bisimulation

We generalize the work by P. Sobociński on relational presheaves and their connection with weak (bi)simulation for labelled transistion systems to a coalgebraic setting. We show that the coalgebraic notion of saturation studied in our previous work can be expressed in the language of lax Kleislivalued presheaves in terms of existence of a certain adjoint situation between presheaf categories. This observation allows us to generalize the notion of the coalgebraic (weak) bisimulation to lax Kleisli-valued presheaves. At this level of generality interesting properties of strong and weak bisimilarity emerge: in the family of p-bisimilarities, which arises naturally in this setting, the former is the finest and the latter is the coarsest relation.
Early twenty-first century biodiversity data pinpoint key targets for bird and mammal conservation in Mindanao, Southern Philippines

ABSTRACT Mindanao, one of the three major groups of islands in the Philippines, is known for its diverse and unique species. Despite its biological significance, conservation efforts aimed at protecting its wildlife have been inadequate. To address this, a comprehensive biodiversity synthesis was conducted, focussing on the birds and mammals of Mindanao. This analysis was based on published papers from 2000 to 2022, aiming to identify conservation priorities at both species and site levels. This present synthesis of 69 bird and mammal articles accounted for 404 species of birds (83%) and mammals (17%). As expected, the analysis found that endemic species are more vulnerable to extinction than widely distributed species. The study also showed that endemic and threatened species in Mindanao are more dependent on increasing the remaining forest cover. This study highlights the importance of biodiversity data synthesis to aid in conserving unique species in Mindanao and the need to prioritize conservation efforts based on the distribution and vulnerability of species. Key policy insights Increasing local conservation efforts and studies in Mindanao should be prioritized, particularly for understudied species, interactions, and sites. The findings of the current synthesis support the importance of increasing forest reserves and protected areas to circumvent biodiversity loss in Mindanao. Advocating for FAIR data sharing (referring to findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability) among institutions can improve the understanding of biodiversity patterns in Mindanao by ensuring easy access, integration, and reusability of data for research and conservation strategies. The approach used in this work could be applied in other taxonomic groups and sites for comparative analysis of priorities. The biodiversity patterns observed in Mindanao potentially apply to the Philippines as a whole, and these gaps need to be further addressed in future work and funding allocations.
Parallel Graph-Embedding and the Mob Heuristic

We show that important local search heuristics for grid and hypercube embeddings based on the successive swapping of pairs of vertices, such as simulated annealing, are P-hard and unlikely to run in polylogarithmic time. This puts experimental results reported in the literature into perspective: attempts to construct the exact parallel equivalent of serial simulated-annealing-based heuristics for graph embedding have yielded disappointing parallel speedups. We have developed and implemented on the Connection Machine CM-2 a new massively parallel heuristic for such embeddings, called the Mob heuristic. We report on an extensive series of experiments with our heuristics on the 32K-processor CM-2 Connection Machine for grid and hypercube embeddings that show impressive reductions in edge costs and run in less than 30 minutes on random graphs of 1 million edges. Due to excessive run times, previous heuristics reported in the literature were able to construct graph embeddings only for graphs that were 100 to 1000 times smaller than those used in our experiments.
Incremental particle filter method

An incremental particle filter(IPF)model and analysis method were put forward,while the concept and recursive calculative steps were established.For the measurement data with unknown system errors in practical engineering,accurate measurement model cannot be established.The presented IPF method established accurate measurement likelihood function by calibrating the unknown system errors in the measurement data,and accurate incremental particle filter model was obtained.This can eliminate these unknown system errors,decrease the number of resampling,effectively preserve the diversity of particles and improve the accuracy of nonlinear filtering.In simulation,the number of resampling decreased by 41.7 percentages,and filtering error mean value and RMSE(root mean square error) decreased by 45.3 percentages and 70.1 percentages,respectively,improving the performance of filtering effectively.
Investigating the Robustness of a Rodent “Double Hit” (Post-Weaning Social Isolation and NMDA Receptor Antagonist) Model as an Animal Model for Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review

Schizophrenia is a debilitating psychiatric disorder comprising positive, negative, and cognitive impairments. Most of the animal models developed to understand the neurobiology and mechanism of schizophrenia do not produce all the symptoms of the disease. Therefore, researchers need to develop new animal models with greater translational reliability, and the ability to produce most if not all symptoms of schizophrenia. This review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the rodent “double hit” (post-weaning social isolation and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist) model to produce symptoms of schizophrenia. This systematic review was developed according to the 2020 PRISMA guidelines and checklist. The MEDLINE (PubMed) and Ebscohost databases were used to search for studies. The systematic review is based on quantitative animal studies. Studies in languages other than English that could be translated sufficiently using Google translate were also included. Data extraction was performed individually by two independent reviewers and discrepancies between them were resolved by a third reviewer. SYRCLE’s risk-of-bias tool was used to test the quality and biases of included studies. Our primary search yielded a total of 47 articles, through different study selection processes. Seventeen articles met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review. Ten of the seventeen studies found that the “double hit” model was more effective in developing various symptoms of schizophrenia. Most studies showed that the “double hit” model is robust and capable of inducing cognitive impairments and positive symptoms of schizophrenia.
Adaptive SLAM Methodology Based on Simulated Annealing Particle Swarm Optimization for AUV Navigation

Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) is crucial and challenging for autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) autonomous navigation in complex and uncertain ocean environments. However, inaccurate time-varying observation noise parameters may lead to filtering divergence and poor mapping accuracy. In addition, particles are easily trapped in local extrema during the resampling, which may lead to inaccurate state estimation. In this paper, we propose an innovative simulated annealing particle swarm optimization-adaptive unscented FastSLAM (SAPSO-AUFastSLAM) algorithm. To cope with the unknown observation noise, the maximum a posteriori probability estimation algorithm is introduced into SLAM to recursively correct the measurement noise. Firstly, the Sage–Husa (SH) based unscented particle filter (UPF) algorithm is proposed to estimate time-varying measurement noise adaptively in AUV path estimation for improving filtering accuracy. Secondly, the SH-based unscented Kalman filter (UKF) algorithm is proposed to enhance mapping accuracy in feature estimation. Thirdly, SAPSO-based resampling is proposed to optimize posterior particles. The random judgment mechanism is used to update feasible solutions iteratively, which makes particles disengage local extreme values and achieve optimal global effects. The effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed algorithm are evaluated through simulation and sea trial data. The average AUV navigation accuracy of the presented SAPSO-AUFastSLAM method is improved by 18.0% compared to FastSLAM, 6.5% compared to UFastSLAM, and 5.9% compared to PSO-UFastSLAM.
Proof theory and proof search of bi-intuitionistic and tense logic

In this thesis, we consider bi-intuitionistic logic and tense logic, as well as the combined bi-intuitionistic tense logic. Each of these logics contains a pair of dual connectives, for example, Rauszer’s bi-intuitionistic logic [100] contains intuitionistic implication and dual intuitionistic exclusion. The interaction between these dual connectives makes it non-trivial to develop a cut-free sequent calculus for these logics. In the first part of this thesis we develop a new extended sequent calculus for biintuitionistic logic using a framework of derivations and refutations. This is the first purely syntactic cut-free sequent calculus for bi-intuitionistic logic and thus solves an open problem. Our calculus is sound, semantically complete and allows terminating backward proof search, hence giving rise to a decision procedure for bi-intuitionistic logic. In the second part of this thesis we consider the broader problem of taming proof search in display calculi [12], using bi-intuitionistic logic and tense logic as case studies. While the generality of display calculi makes it an excellent framework for designing sequent calculi for logics where traditional sequent calculi fail, this generality also leads to a large degree of non-determinism, which is problematic for backward proof-search. We control this non-determinism in two ways: 1. First, we limit the structural connectives used in the calculi and consequently, the number of display postulates. Specifically, we work with nested structures which can be viewed as a tree of traditional Gentzen’s sequents, called nested sequents, which have been used previously by Kashima [73] and, independently, by Brunnler and Strasburger [17; 21; 20] and Poggiolesi [97] to present several modal and tense logics. 2. Second, since residuation rules are largely responsible for the difficulty in finding a proof search procedure for display-like calculi, we show how to eliminate these residuation rules using deep inference in nested sequents. Finally, we study the combined bi-intuitionistic tense logic, which contains the well-known intuitionistic modal logic as a sublogic. We give a nested sequent calculus for bi-intuitionistic tense logic that has cut-elimination, and a derived deep inference nested sequent calculus that is complete with respect to the first calculus and where contraction and residuation rules are admissible. We also show how our calculi can capture Simpson’s intuitionistic modal logic [104] and Ewald’s intuitionistic tense logic [39].
COST-EFFECTIVE CAMERA LOCALIZATION AIDED BY PRIOR POINT CLOUDS MAPS FOR LEVEL 3 AUTONOMOUS DRIVING VEHICLES

Abstract. Precise and robust localization is critical for many navigation tasks, especially autonomous driving systems. The most popular localization approach is global navigation satellite systems (GNSS). However, it has several shortcomings such as multipath and nonline- of-sight reception. Vision-based localization is one of the approaches without using GNSS which is based on vision. This paper used visual localization with a prior 3D LiDAR map. Compared to common methods for visual localization using camera-acquired maps, this paper used the method that tracks the image feature and poses of a monocular camera to match with prior 3D LiDAR maps. This paper reconstructs the image feature to several sets of 3D points by a local bundle adjustment-based visual odometry system. Those 3D points matched with the prior 3D point cloud map to track the globe pose of the user. The visual localization approach has several advantages. (1) Since it only relies on matching geometry, it is robust to changes in ambient luminosity appearance. (2) Also, it uses the prior 3D map to provide viewpoint invariance. Moreover, the proposed method only requires users to use low-cost and lightweight camera sensors.
On the derivation of constitutive relations for Cosserat continuum description of structural elements and materials with microstructure

In this paper we discuss the mechanics of the Cosserat continuum and its relevance to the description of structural elements and materials with microstructure. It shows how the standard beam and plate formulations can be derived as reduced forms of the generalized Cosserat continuum. Furthermore, the Cosserat description of materials with microstructure and the procedure to determine the constitutive equations for such materials are described.
Backstepping Control of an Underactuated Hyperbolic–Parabolic Coupled PDE System

This article considers a class of hyperbolic–parabolic partial differential equation (PDE) system with some interior mixed-coupling terms, a rather unexplored family of systems. The family of systems we explore contains several interior-coupling terms, which makes controller design more challenging. Our goal is to design a boundary controller to exponentially stabilize the coupled system. For that, we propose a controller whose design is based on the backstepping method. Under this controller, we analyze the stability of the closed loop in the $H^{1}$ sense. A set of (highly coupled) backstepping kernel equations is derived, and their well-posedness is shown in the appropriate spaces by an infinite induction energy series, which has not been used before in this setting. Moreover, we show the invertibility of transformations by displaying the inverse transformations, as required for closed-loop well-posedness and stability. Finally, a numerical simulation is implemented, and the result illustrates that the control law designed by the backstepping transformation can stabilize the mixed PDE system exponentially.
Reversed Mirror Therapy (REMIT) after Stroke—A Proof-of-Concept Study

In mirror training (MIT), stroke patients strive to move their hands while looking at the reflected image of the unaffected one. The recruitment of the mirror neurons and visual-proprioceptive conflict are expected to facilitate the paretic voluntary movement. Here, a reversed MIT (REMIT) is presented, which requires moving hands while looking at the reflected image of the paretic one, giving the illusion of being unable to move the unimpaired hand. This study compares MIT and REMIT on post-stroke upper-limb recovery to gain clues on the mechanism of action of mirror therapies. Eight chronic stroke patients underwent two weeks of MIT and REMIT (five sessions each) in a crossover design. Upper-limb Fugl-Meyer, Box and Block and handgrip strength tests were administered at baseline and treatments end. The strength of the mirror illusion was evaluated after each session. MIT induced a larger illusory effect. The Fugl-Meyer score improved to the same extent after both treatments. No changes occurred in the Box and Block and the handgrip tests. REMIT and MIT were equally effective on upper-limb dexterity, challenging the exclusive role of mirror neurons. Contrasting learned nonuse through an intersensory conflict might provide the rationale for both forms of mirror-based rehabilitation after stroke.
A Scalable SPICE Electrothermal Compact Model for SiC MOSFETs: A Comparative Study between the LEVEL-3 and the BSIM

In this paper, two implementations of a SPICE-based compact model for SiC MOSFETs are presented. The two versions rely on widely adopted LEVEL-3 and BSIM 4.6. 1 models, respectively. The paper discusses the feasibility of adopting these two models for the description of SiC power MOSFETs. Furthermore, after calibrating the DC characteristics on target experimental data coming from 1.7 kV-60 A MOSFETs, a comparison between the accuracy of the two is presented.
Failure without Tears: Two-Step Attachment in a Climbing Cactus

Climbing plants can be extremely adaptable to diverse habitats and capable of colonising perturbed, unstructured, and even moving environments. The timing of the attachment process, whether instantaneous (e.g., a pre-formed hook) or slow (growth process), crucially depends on the environmental context and the evolutionary history of the group concerned. We observed how spines and adhesive roots develop and tested their mechanical strength in the climbing cactus Selenicereus setaceus (Cactaceae) in its natural habitat. Spines are formed on the edges of the triangular cross-section of the climbing stem and originate in soft axillary buds (areoles). Roots are formed in the inner hard core of the stem (wood cylinder) and grow via tunnelling through soft tissue, emerging from the outer skin. We measured maximal spine strength and root strength via simple tensile tests using a field measuring Instron device. Spine and root strengths differ, and this has a biological significance for the support of the stem. Our measurements indicate that the measured mean strength of a single spine could theoretically support an average force of 2.8 N. This corresponds to an equivalent stem length of 2.62 m (mass of 285 g). The measured mean strength of root could theoretically support an average of 13.71 N. This corresponds to a stem length of 12.91 m (mass of 1398 g). We introduce the notion of two-step attachment in climbing plants. In this cactus, the first step deploys hooks that attach to a substrate; this process is instantaneous and is highly adapted for moving environments. The second step involves more solid root attachment to the substrate involving slower growth processes. We discuss how initial fast hook attachment can steady the plant on supports allowing for the slower root attachment. This is likely to be important in wind-prone and moving environmental conditions. We also explore how two-step anchoring mechanisms are of interest for technical applications, particularly for soft-bodied artefacts, which must safely deploy hard and stiff materials originating from a soft compliant body.
Control of Hyperbolic Systems by Lyapunov Analysis

In this thesis we have considered different aspects for the control of hyperbolic systems.First, we have studied switched hyperbolic systems. They contain an interaction between a continuous and a discrete dynamics. Thus, the continuous dynamics may evolve in different modes: these modes are imposed by the discrete dynamics. The change in the mode may be controlled (in case of a closed-loop system), or may be uncontrolled (in case of an open-loop system). We have focused our interest on the former case. We procedeed with a Lyapunov analysis, and construct three switching rules. We have shown how to modify them to get robustness and ISS properties. We have shown their effectiveness with numerical tests.Then, we have considered the trajectory generation problem for 2x2 linear hyperbolic systems. We have solved it with backstepping. Then, we have considered the tracking problem with a Proportionnal-Integral controller. We have shown that it stabilizes the error system around the reference trajectory with a new non-diagonal Lyapunov function. The integral action has been shown to be able to reject in-domain, as well as boundary disturbances.Finally, we have considered numerical aspects for the Lyapunov analysis. The conditions for the stability and design of controllers by quadratic Lyapunov functions involve an infinity of matrix inequalities. We have shown how to reduce this complexity by polytopic embeddings of the constraints.Many obtained results have been illustrated by academic examples and physically relevant dynamical systems (as Shallow-Water equations and Aw-Rascle-Zhang equations).
A Novel Adaptive Harmonic Detecting Algorithm Based on Variable Step-size LMS

Based on variable step-size least mean square(LMS),this paper presents a novel adaptive harmonic detectingalgorithm,which uses the estimation of the time-average of error signal to control the updating of the step-size.It can providea fast convergence at the early stages of adaptation while ensuring a small final maladjustment even under low signal-to-noiseratio conditions.With the help of this algorithm,more flexible control of maladjustment and convergence time can be performedwithout the need to compromise one for the other.Theoretical analysis is also verified by simulation and experiment results.