Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Equilibrium structure and diffusion in concentrated hydrodynamically interacting suspensions confined by a spherical cavity

The short- and long-time equilibrium transport properties of a hydrodynamically interacting suspension confined by a spherical cavity are studied via Stokesian dynamics simulations for a wide range of particle-to-cavity size ratios and particle concentrations. Many-body hydrodynamic and lubrication interactions between particles and with the cavity are accounted for utilizing recently developed mobility and resistance tensors for spherically confined suspensions (Aponte-Rivera & Zia, Phys. Rev. Fluids, vol. 1(2), 2016, 023301). Study of particle volume fractions in the range $0.05\leqslant \unicode[STIX]{x1D719}\leqslant 0.40$ reveals that confinement exerts a qualitative influence on particle diffusion. First, the mean-square displacement over all time scales depends on the position in the cavity. Additionally, at short times, the diffusivity is anisotropic, with diffusion along the cavity radius slower than diffusion tangential to the cavity wall, due to the anisotropy of hydrodynamic coupling and to confinement-induced spatial heterogeneity in particle concentration. The mean-square displacement is anisotropic at intermediate times as well and, surprisingly, exhibits superdiffusive and subdiffusive behaviours for motion along and perpendicular to the cavity radius respectively, depending on the suspension volume fraction and the particle-to-cavity size ratio. No long-time self-diffusive regime exists; instead, the mean-square displacement reaches a long-time plateau, a result of entropic restriction to a finite volume. In this long-time limit, the higher the volume fraction is, the longer the particles take to reach the long-time plateau, as cooperative rearrangements are required as the cavity becomes crowded. The ordered dynamical heterogeneity seen here promotes self-organization of particles based on their size and self-mobility, which may be of particular relevance in biophysical systems.
HIV models with non‐exponential probability distributed infection progression

Existing HIV infection dynamics models are based on the classical target cell‐infected cell‐free virus compartment model. In fact, in order to facilitate modeling and dynamical analysis, these models assume that the probability of infected cells staying in different infection stages obeys an exponential distribution. However, this does not accurately describe the process of HIV infection from target cells to budding of virus, that is, fusion‐reverse transcription‐reproductivity formation‐budding process. Therefore, to expand the idea of HIV modeling, in this paper, we first establish the HIV integral‐differential equation model that obeys the general distribution, and then degenerate the model into a subclass ODEs model under the assumption of gamma distribution. Finally, an equivalent age structure model is given, and numerical simulations are conducted to describe the integral‐differential equations model. It is worth mentioning that ODEs models with subclasses can provide good numerical implementations for age structure as well as other PDEs HIV models. This is another important purpose of our work.
Machine Learning with Pattern Recognition in Natural Language Processing without any Grammar and Syntax Knowledge

In this system we are able to classify the components of sentences into a parse tree and gradually grow the tree with extra information about the subjects. Then the recognized pattern will be investigated with an interpreter and will be translated to understandable command for machines. After passing elementary education, further training will be taught indirectly just based on the previous orders without any supervisors. Thus after teaching the machine capable to extract concept from the classified data and act with natural language. These training just like primary education to kids without any knowledge about the language syntaxes and grammar only due to the pattern recognition in sentences.
On the optimal feedforward torque control problem of anisotropic synchronous machines: Quadrics, quartics and analytical solutions

The optimal feedforward torque control problem is tackled and solved analytically for synchronous machines while stator resistance and cross-coupling inductance are explicitly considered. Analytical solutions for the direct and quadrature optimal reference currents are found for all major operation strategies such as Maximum Torque per Current (MTPC) (or often called as Maximum Torque per Ampere (MTPA)), Maximum Current (MC), Field Weakening (FW), Maximum Torque per Voltage (MTPV) and Maximum Torque per Flux (MTPF). Numerical methods (approximating the optimal solutions only) or simplifying assumptions (neglecting stator resistance and/or cross-coupling inductance) are no longer necessary. The presented results are based on one simple idea: all optimization problems (e.g. MTPC, MTPV or MTPF) with their respective constraints (e.g. current or voltage limit) and the computation of the intersection point(s) of voltage ellipse, current circle, or torque, MTPC, MTPV and MTPF hyperbolas are reformulated implicitly as quadrics (quadratic surfaces) which allow to solve the feedforward torque control problem by invoking the Lagrangian formalism and by ﬁnding the roots of a fourth-order polynomial analytically. The proposed solutions are applicable to any anisotropic (or isotropic) synchronous machine independent of the underlying current control strategy.
Optimality and duality for nonsmooth minimax programming problems using convexifactor

The aim of this work is to study optimality conditions for nonsmooth minimax programming problems involving locally Lipschitz functions by means of the idea of convexifactors that has been used in [J. Dutta, S. Chandra, Convexifactors , generalized convexity and vector optimization, Optimization, 53 (2004) 77-94]. Further, using the concept of optimality conditions, Mond-Weir and Wolfe type duality theory has been developed for such a minimax programming problem. The results in this paper extend the corresponding results obtained using the generalized Clarke subdifferential in the literature
GORENSTEIN MODULES AND GORENSTEIN MODEL STRUCTURES

Abstract Given a complete hereditary cotorsion pair $(\mathcal{X}, \mathcal{Y})$ , we introduce the concept of $(\mathcal{X}, \mathcal{X} \cap \mathcal{Y})$ -Gorenstein projective modules and study its stability properties. As applications, we first get two model structures related to Gorenstein flat modules over a right coherent ring. Secondly, for any non-negative integer n, we construct a cofibrantly generated model structure on Mod(R) in which the class of fibrant objects are the modules of Gorenstein injective dimension ≤ n over a left Noetherian ring R. Similarly, if R is a left coherent ring in which all flat left R-modules have finite projective dimension, then there is a cofibrantly generated model structure on Mod(R) such that the cofibrant objects are the modules of Gorenstein projective dimension ≤ n. These structures have their analogous in the category of chain complexes.
The spreading dynamics of sexually transmitted diseases with birth and death on heterogeneous networks

In this paper, we formulate a deterministic model by including the vacant sites, which represent inactive individuals or potential contacts, to investigate the spreading dynamics of sexually transmitted diseases in heterogeneous networks. We first analytically derive the basic reproduction number R0, which completely determines global dynamics of the system in the long run. Specifically, if R0 < 1, the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable, i.e. disease disappears from the network irrespective of initial infected numbers and distributions, whereas if R0 > 1, the system is uniformly persistent around a unique endemic equilibrium, i.e. disease persists in the network. Furthermore, by using a suitable Lyapunov function the global stability of endemic equilibrium for low/high-risk infected individuals only is proved. Finally, the effects of three immunization schemes are studied and compared, and extensive numerical simulations are performed to investigate the effect of network topology and population turnover on disease spread. Our results suggest that population turnover could have great impact on the sexually transmitted disease system in heterogeneous networks, including the basic reproduction number and infection prevalence.
E-Government Innovation Initiatives in Public Administration: A Systematic Literature Review and a Research Agenda

This study presents a systematic literature review (SLR) of e-government innovation initiatives focusing on public services and administration. Our SLR included 704 peer-reviewed studies published in scientific journals between 2000 and 2019. The final sample comprised 70 studies that were read fully, from which we identified four distinct cluster themes and objectives. We then classified them into four clusters, representing an evolutionary view with different stages of e-government initiatives. Further, the study pointed out themes and initiatives to drive future research agendas in e-government.
Treatment of GERD Irrespective of Symptoms and Severity in COPD: To be or not to be!

COPD and GERD more commonly diagnosed and frequently reported health issues due to overlapping pathophysiological mechanisms and now considered as ‘two sides of same coin’. COPD related anatomical changes and medications will alter the course of existing GERD and increase the risk of new onset GERD. Proximal and distal anatomical locations of GERD have variable presentations such as worsening of COPD, acute non-infective exacerbations, recurrent cough, and respiratory failure. Proximal pathways involve direct lung injury by means of microaspiration of gastric contents and microbiological colonization. Distal pathway involves indirect mechanisms by sharing common anatomical and embryological developments with involvement of vagus nerve mediated noradrenergic cholinergic mediator’s related effects on bronchi and bronchioles. Both proximal and distal pathways have effects on lung functions. GERD has negative impact on natural course of COPD and exists in asymptomatic and symptomatic types. Prevalence of GERD should be actively sought in all COPD cases to prevent exacerbations, decrease lung functions decline, lower the risk of clinical and physiological worsening, and overall cost of care because of these high index issues. PPI therapy has significant effects on patients with COPD in reducing the number of acute attacks, adverse reactions, and mortality. Recurrent exacerbations need GERD to be ruled out in all cases of COPD to have successful treatment outcome. Only symptomatic cases treatment has shown positive outcome in GERD with COPD. Hence, ‘to be or not to be is the real question’ and no treatment is recommended for asymptomatic GERD cases with COPD irrespective of disease severity.
Conditions on Qu-embedding predicates in German

1 Introduction  dass-form, ob-form, wh-form A verb dass σ wissen (know), zweifeln (doubt), überrascht sein (be surprised), bedauern (regret) hoffen (hope), glauben (believe) A verb ob σ wissen, zweifeln, fragen (ask) WH (A, verb, σ) wissen, überrascht sein, fragen (ask)
Stable Weak Approximation at Work in Index-Linked Catastrophe Bond Pricing

We consider the subject of approximating tail probabilities in the general compound renewal process framework, where severity data are assumed to follow a heavy-tailed law (in that only the first moment is assumed to exist). By using the weak convergence of compound renewal processes to α -stable Levy motion, we derive such weak approximations. Their applicability is then highlighted in the context of an existing, classical, index-linked catastrophe bond pricing model, and in doing so, we specialize these approximations to the case of a compound time-inhomogeneous Poisson process. We emphasize a unique feature of our approximation, in that it only demands finiteness of the first moment of the aggregate loss processes. Finally, a numerical illustration is presented. The behavior of our approximations is compared to both Monte Carlo simulations and first-order single risk loss process approximations and compares favorably.
Kinematics, Dynamics and Power Consumption Analysis of the Hexapod Robot During Walking with Tripod Gait

The paper is focused on the kinematic, dynamic and power consumption analysis of the constructed prototype of the hexapod robot walking with tripod gait on a flat and hard ground. The movements of the robot legs are controlled by different well known oscillators working as central pattern generators (CPGs). The mentioned models, as well as those proposed in our previous paper, are employed and compared from the viewpoint of fluctuations of the robot gravity center both in vertical and movement direction, contact forces between the robot legs and the ground as well as energy demand of the whole robot during walking process. Time histories of the key kinematic and dynamic quantities describing locomotion of the robot are numerically studied and experimentally verified. Power consumption of the whole robot is experimentally investigated based on the current consumption in the applied servo motors which drive the robot legs. We show that the proposed CPG model is more efficient regarding acceleration/decelera.
Supercooled large droplet icing accretion and its unsteady aerodynamic characteristics on high-lift devices

Given the importance of understanding new FAR25, Appendix O certification, supercooled large droplet icing characteristics and its damages should be specified because of its serious hazard to in-flight safety and aircraft engineering. This study compares the icing feature and aerodynamic degradation of high-lift devices under different diameter conditions using a verified numerical method SJTUICE (a ice accretion simulating code by Shanghai Jiao Tong Univeristy). With two different flow and freezing time-steps Tf and Ts, the accuracies on fluid dynamic and icing predictions over a long period of time can be both controlled within an acceptable range. The comparisons between supercooled large droplet and non-supercooled large droplet conditions reflect that larger diameters induce more intense icing characteristics on the suction-side of each airfoil, in which the leading edge of flap is the most sensitive one to drop size. The second-accelerated flow near the gap is adverse to smaller droplet collection but benefit for impact thermodynamic enhancement of those larger collected droplets. The ice-caused gap narrowing makes flow separation earlier, which finally leads to the degradation of global high-lift performance worsen. Lift coefficient comparison also indicates the performance of high-lift devices decays more quickly under supercooled large droplet conditions. Results of this paper highlight the supercooled large droplet icing effects with respect to smaller diameter conditions.
The Role of Product Quality and Product Innovation on Competitive Advantage: A Study on Nutrition Clubs in Banjarmasin, Indonesia

Competitive advantage is the ability of a company to produce and provide superior products or services compared to its competitors. One of the important keys to achieving a competitive advantage is through product quality and product innovation. This study aimed to determine the role of product quality and product innovation on competitive advantage, a case study at the Nutrition Club in Banjarmasin, Indonesia. This study was an associative quantitative observational study. A total of 90 research respondents participated in this study, where the respondents were managers of a nutrition club in Banjarmasin, Indonesia. This study observes the variables of product quality (X1), product innovation (X2), and competitive advantage (Y). The analysis technique used in this study is SEM-PLS (structural equation modeling-partial least square) through SmartPLS 4.0 software. Product quality (X1) to competitive advantage (Y) directly, which shows the original sample value (path coefficient) 0.790, T- statistic 9.625, and P-value 0.000, so that the effect of competitive advantage (X1) on competitive advantage (Y) (significant condition for T-statistic > 1.96 and P Value < 0.05 has a positive correlation. Meanwhile, the Product Innovation variable (X2) to competitive advantage (Y) directly shows the original sample value (path coefficient) 0.214, T-statistic 2.604, and P-values 0.009, so the effect of product innovation (X2) on competitive advantage (Y) (significant condition for T-statistic > 1.96 and P-value < 0.05 has a positive correlation. Product quality plays a role in competitive advantage, and product innovation also plays a role in competitive advantage.
INFORMATIONAL INDEX AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN HIGH DIMENSIONAL DATA

OF DISSERTATION INFORMATIONAL INDEX AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN HIGH DIMENSIONAL DATA We introduce a new class of measures for testing independence between two random vectors, which uses expected difference of conditional and marginal characteristic functions. By choosing a particular weight function in the class, we propose a new index for measuring independence and study its property. Two empirical versions are developed, their properties, asymptotics, connection with existing measures and applications are discussed. Implementation and Monte Carlo results are also presented. We propose a two-stage sufficient variable selections method based on the new index to deal with large p small n data. The method does not require model specification and especially focuses on categorical response. Our approach always improves other typical screening approaches which only use marginal relation. Numerical studies are provided to demonstrate the advantages of the method. We introduce a novel approach to sufficient dimension reduction problems using the new measure. The proposed method requires very mild conditions on the predictors, estimates the central subspace effectively and is especially useful when response is categorical. It keeps the model-free advantage without estimating link function. Under regularity conditions, root-n consistency and asymptotic normality are established. The proposed method is very competitive and robust comparing to existing dimension reduction methods through simulations results.
Obesity in Severe COVID-19 Patients Has a Distinct Innate Immune Phenotype

Obesity alters the capacity of effective immune responses in infections. To further address this phenomenon in the context of COVID-19, this study investigated how the immunophenotype of leukocytes was altered in individuals with obesity in severe COVID-19. This cross-sectional study enrolled 27 ICU COVID-19 patients (67% women, 56.33 ± 19.55 years) that were assigned to obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, n = 9) or non-obese (BMI < 30kg/m2, n = 18) groups. Monocytes, NK, and both Low-Density (LD) and High-Density (HD) neutrophils were isolated from peripheral blood samples, and surface receptors’ frequency and expression patterns were analyzed by flow cytometry. Clinical status and biochemical data were additionally evaluated. The frequency of monocytes was negatively correlated with BMI, while NK cells and HD neutrophils were positively associated (p < 0.05). Patients with obesity showed a significant reduction of monocytes, and these cells expressed high levels of PD-L1 (p < 0.05). A higher frequency of NK cells and increased expression of TREM-1+ on HD neutrophils were detected in obese patients (p < 0.05). The expression of receptors related to antigen-presentation, phagocytosis, chemotaxis, inflammation and suppression were strongly correlated with clinical markers only in obese patients (p < 0.05). Collectively, these outcomes revealed that obesity differentially affected, and largely depressed, innate immune response in severe COVID-19.
Texture Segmentation Based on Wavelet Scattering Convolution Network

A texture segmentation method based on scattering wavelet convolution network was proposed for image segmentation by the texture features of the object. First of all, the scattering energy distribution features of each sub-images is extracted by using scattering wavelet convolution network, and the classification of scattering energy feature matrix at all levels is done by using the Ostu global threshold processing method, the coarse segmentation results are given accordingly; Secondly, the unsupervised texture segmentation is achieved by removing spurious spots in the coarse segmented images with the method of morphology. Experimental results indicate that high accuracy can be achieved for texture segmentation with the proposed methods.
The pathobiology of follicular lymphoma

Follicular lymphoma is one of the most frequent lymphomas. Histologically, it is characterized by a follicular (nodular) growth pattern of centrocytes and centroblasts; mixed with variable immune microenvironment cells. Clinically, it is characterized by diffuse lymphadenopathy, bone marrow involvement, and splenomegaly. It is biologically and clinically heterogeneous. In most patients it is indolent, but others have a more aggressive evolution with relapses; and transformation to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Tumorigenesis includes an asymptomatic preclinical phase in which premalignant B-lymphocytes with the t(14;18) chromosomal translocation acquire additional genetic alterations in the germinal centers, and clonal evolution occurs, although not all the cells progress to the tumor stage. This manuscript reviews the pathobiology and clinicopathological characteristics of follicular lymphoma. It includes a description of the physiology of the germinal center, the genetic alterations of BCL2 and BCL6, the mutational profile, the immune checkpoint, precision medicine, and highlights in the lymphoma classification. In addition, a comment and review on artificial intelligence and machine (deep) learning are made.
Estimation and Inference Procedures for Semiparametric Distribution Models with Varying Linear‐Index

More flexible semiparametric linear‐index regression models are proposed to describe the conditional distribution. Such a model formulation captures varying effects of covariates over the support of a response variable in distribution, offers an alternative perspective on dimension reduction and covers a lot of widely used parametric and semiparameteric regression models. A feasible pseudo likelihood approach, accompanied with a simple and easily implemented algorithm, is further developed for the mixed case with both varying and invariant coefficients. By justifying some theoretical properties on Banach spaces, the uniform consistency and asymptotic Gaussian process of the proposed estimator are also established in this article. In addition, under the monotonicity of distribution in linear‐index, we develop an alternative approach based on maximizing a varying accuracy measure. By virtue of the asymptotic recursion relation for the estimators, some of the achievements in this direction include showing the convergence of the iterative computation procedure and establishing the large sample properties of the resulting estimator. It is noticeable that our theoretical framework is very helpful in constructing confidence bands for the parameters of interest and tests for the hypotheses of various qualitative structures in distribution. Generally, the developed estimation and inference procedures perform quite satisfactorily in the conducted simulations and are demonstrated to be useful in reanalysing data from the Boston house price study and the World Values Survey.