Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Desnutrición y rehabilitación nutricional: efectos sexualmente diferenciales en el locus coeruleus de la rata = Malnutrition and nutritional rehabilitation: sexually differential effects on the locus coeruleus of the rat

RESUMEN: El objetivo del presente trabajo es comprobar como la desnutricion pre y postnatal afecta al desarrollo del locus coeruleus (LC) de ratas machos y hembras, una de sus estructuras sexualmente dimorfas. Tambien se quiere conocer si machos y hembras son afectados diferencialmente cuando se les introduce a la alimentacion normal habiendo estado previamente desnutridos. Se utilizo una muestra de 36 crias de rata, equilibradas en cuanto a los sexos, de las que 24 fueron sometidas a desnutricion desde la gestacion. A partir del destete, se introdujo a la alimentacion normal a 12 crias desnutridas (grupo de rehabilitacion). El resultado de los analisis post mortem de los cerebros de los sujetos, revela un menor recuento neuronal en la estructura estudiada en las ratas desnutridas de ambos sexos en comparacion con el grupo control. En segundo lugar, se aprecian efectos de la rehabilitacion nutricional en el macho, pero no en la hembra. En tercer lugar, el LC de las hembras desnutridas es similar al del macho control. Se discuten varias hipotesis para explicar estos efectos, y se senala la necesidad de relacionar estos desarrollos del LC con observaciones comportamentales.
Orbital eccentricity driven temperature variation at Mercury's poles

Due to Mercury's extremely small obliquity, variations in orbital eccentricity are likely to have been the dominant cause of changes in polar temperatures on Mercury throughout the bulk of its history. In the last 10 Myr, the eccentricity has varied between 0.1 and 0.3. Over the past 100 Myr, eccentricity extremes of nearly zero to greater than 0.4 have likely been reached. We calculate the temperature in the near‐polar region (within 10° of the North Pole) as it varies in response to past eccentricities. These calculations show periods with dramatically different temperatures, diurnal amplitudes, and long period thermal cycles—all of which can have a dramatic effect on longitudinal variations in long‐term subsurface ice stability. Given forthcoming topographic data, thermal models including long‐term eccentricity can help constrain when past ice might have been delivered to Mercury.
A Pegada Ecológica do Município do Rio de Janeiro

Neste artigo abordamos um indicador de sustentabilidade ambiental, a Pegada Ecologica, apresentamos resumidamente seu metodo, destacando os resultados obtidos para o Rio de Janeiro com a aplicacao do metodo. De acordo com a definicao apresentada por Wackernagel e Rees, o “ecological footprint” e a area de ecossistema necessaria para assegurar a sobrevivencia de uma determinada populacao ou sistema. A Pegada Ecologica tem uma importante limitacao especifica pois se restringe a dimensao ecologica, nao levando as dimensoes social, economica e institucional. E estimado o valor da Pegada do Municipio do Rio de Janeiro para 2003, pois para esse ano estao disponiveis estatisticas da Pesquisa de Orcamentos Familiares (POF) do IBGE. Foram estimados valores para o consumo alimentar, de agua, energia eletrica, producao de lixo, emissoes de CO2 , consumo de gas, produtos florestais e area construida. O somatorio desses consumos em hectares globais foi confrontado com a area bioprodutiva disponivel composta de areas de cultivo, pastagem, mar, floresta, construida e para sequestro de carbono. O saldo ecologico foi negativo em 24.393. 323,93 gha, portanto, o consumo da populacao do Municipio do Rio de Janeiro, no ano de 2003, excedeu a capacidade de carga ambiental em quase de 200 vezes a area de 122.456,07 ha, correspondente a area territorial do municipio.
Local and downstream effects of contemporary forest harvesting on streamflow and sediment yield

approved: Arne E. Skaugset This dissertation is a collection of three manuscripts that serve to fill the knowledge gaps and advance methods of detecting the effects of contemporary forest harvesting in experimental catchment studies. While there is a preponderance of studies evaluating the environmental effects of forest harvesting in the western United States, few studies consider local and downstream streamflow and sediment changes following contemporary harvesting practices. Further, many previous and current studies using the pairedcatchment approach were based on relatively few observations using annual, storm, and more infrequently monthly data, which can increase the likelihood of false/missed detections. The objective of this research was to develop change detection models using time-series records to detect and quantify the effects of forest harvesting on streamflow and sediment yield. To fulfill this objective, it was necessary to characterize streamflow and sediment processes at a temporal scale capable of describing daily, monthly, and seasonal dynamics following forest harvesting; increase sample sizes used to construct regression-based change detection models; and develop alternative methods to the paired-catchment approach in order to discern changes in streamflow and sediment using highly variable time-series data. The paired-catchment approach was used to detect and quantify relative changes in streamflow and sediment yield in 5 harvested catchments. Though not statistically significant in all catchments, relative increases in streamflow and sediment were observed locally and downstream following harvesting in headwater catchments. The ability to detect statistically significant changes at certain time-steps was a function of accounting for all sources of variability in change detection models. In this study, we aimed to develop robust change detection models using time-series data to increase sample size and decrease false/missed detections of true treatment effects. When mean daily streamflow was used as a response variable, there was no statistically significant increase in streamflow (significance level α = 0.05), when the effects of forest harvesting were detect with monthly streamflow. We hypothesized that this is due to an increase in unexplained variance and wider prediction limits. An alternative method to detect change with daily streamflow that resulted in reduced variance was hydrologic model simulations. c ©Copyright by Nicolas P. Zégre November 19, 2008 All Rights Reserved Local and Downstream Effects of Contemporary Forest Harvesting on Streamflow and Sediment Yield
Status of demersal finfish stocks on the west coast of Australia

Assessments of the key indicator species for the West Coast Demersal Scalefish Resource (WCDSR; West Australian dhufish Glaucosoma hebraicum, Snapper Pagrus auratus and Baldchin groper Choerodon rubescens) in 2007 and 2009 demonstrated that the stocks were experiencing overfishing. Thus, between late 2007 and early 2010, substantial changes were made to the management of the commercial and recreational fisheries that exploit the WCDSR. These were designed to reduce catches of the entire suite of demersal scalefish species (and of each indicator species) by both the commercial and recreational sectors in the West Coast Bioregion (WCB) by at least 50 % of the 2005/06 levels (the catch benchmark), to allow stocks to recover. The current (third) stock assessment of indicator species for the demersal scalefish suite was based on age data collected between 2008/09-2010/11 for G. hebraicum and P. auratus and 2007/08-2010/11 for C. rubescens and on catch statistics for the commercial and recreational fishing sectors (including charter fishing) from 2008-2012. The assessment compared estimates of fishing mortality (F) for the most recent period with several previous time periods and against internationally accepted biological reference points to determine whether there was evidence of any stock recovery. The sampling period for this assessment included the period when major changes were being made to management in the WCB of commercial and recreational/charter fishing for demersal species. As each of the indicator species is relatively long-lived, it is expected that it will take at least 10 years from these management changes before their stocks show strong signs of recovery, and that it may take substantially longer before they fully recover (~15-20 years). Catches of the demersal suite of species in the WCB by the commercial sector and of the top 15 species taken by the recreational sector have been reduced to less than the catch benchmark. Although catches of all indicator species have been reduced, those of two indicator species, P. auratus and C. rubescens, have not been reduced below the catch benchmark by all sectors.
Molecular phylogeny of Archaea in boreal forest soil, freshwater and temperate estuarine sediment

Front cover: "Archaea's Universe"-collage made by author. Background: combination of same field micrographs made with epifluorescence microscope using filter sets specific for DAPI (blue color) and CY3 (red color, euryarchaeota specific probe EURY499, paper IV), Valkea Kotinen Lake water sample. Center: 16S rRNA secondary structure diagram of the archaeal soil clone FFSB6-one of the first "non-extreme" crenarchaeota sequences found in forest soil (kindly made by Dr.
First radar observations in the vicinity of the plasmapause of pulsed ionospheric flows generated by bursty bulk flows

Recent expansion of the SuperDARN network to mid‐latitudes and the addition of a new high‐time resolution mode provides new opportunities to observe mid‐latitude ultra‐low frequency waves and other ionospheric sub‐auroral features at high temporal resolution. On 22 February 2008, the Blackstone SuperDARN radar and THEMIS ground magnetometers simultaneously observed substorm Pi2 pulsations. Similarities in measurements from the Blackstone radar and a magnetometer at Remus suggest a common generating mechanism. Cross‐phase analysis of magnetometer data places these measurements at the ionospheric projection of the plasmapause, while fine spatial and temporal details of the radar data show evidence of field line compressions. About 1 min prior to ground Pi2 observation, 2 Earthward‐moving Bursty Bulk Flows (BBFs) were observed by THEMIS probes D and E in the near‐Earth plasma sheet. We conclude that the first 2 pulses of the Pi2s observed at Blackstone and Remus result from compressional energy generated by BBFs braking against the magnetospheric dipolar region.
From Magma to Tephra: Modelling Physical Processes of Explosive Volcanic Eruptions

Magma degassing and fragmentation- recent experimental advances, D.B. Dingwall - abstract, introduction, nucleation, bubble growth, accelerating tow-phase flows, brittle failure, post-fragmentation effects, non-explosive degassing, relaxation geospeedometry of volcanic glass, bibliography phreatomagmatic explosions, B. Zimanowski - introduction, explosive phreatomagmatic volcanism, physics of volcanic MFCI, diagnosis and monitoring of phreatomagmatic explosions (volcanic MFCI) volcanic conduit dynamics, P. Papale -introduction, review of magma ascent models, magma ascent dynamics in steady state explosive eruptions eruption column physics, G.A. Valentine - introduction, multiphase flow and the multifield approach, multifield governing equations, closure of governing equations, approaches to analysis of eruption column dynamics steady state dynamics, time-dependent dynamics with constant eruption rate, time-dependent dynamics with transient eruption rate, influence of the ambient medium, conclusion plinian eruption columns - particle transport and fallout, M. Rost - introduction, models of particle transport in plinian columns, clast dispersal in crosswinds, assessment of eruption parameters pyroclastic flow transport mechanisms, A. Freundt, M.E. Bursik - introduction, characteristics of ignimbrites and pyroclastic flows, transport processes of sedimenting particulate flows, pyroclastic flow models, from model flows to ignimbrites - complexities during emplacement, concluding remarks pyroclastic surges and compressible two-phase flow, K.H. Wobletz -introduction, observations, theory, conclusion - surge are hazardous but economically significant. Appendices: origin of the SFT equations analysis of surge steam condensation. References. Subject index.
Low‐temperature thermochronology of northern Baja California, Mexico: Decoupled slip‐exhumation gradients and delayed onset of oblique rifting across the Gulf of California

The northern Gulf Extensional Province displays key structural relationships that characterize the magnitude, direction, and timing of Neogene rift‐related transtension during the opening of the Gulf of California. Apatite fission track and (U‐Th)/He thermochronology from the Sierra San Felipe document moderate cooling (4°C/Myr–7°C/Myr) during the early Paleogene associated with progressive unroofing caused by erosional downwearing of the ancestral Peninsular Ranges. Beginning at ∼45–35 Ma, a period of tectonic quiescence with low cooling rates (≤1°C/Myr) marks the development of a regional Oligocene‐Miocene peneplain. Rift‐related exhumation began at ∼9–7 Ma and attains ∼2.5 km in the hinges of two antiformal megamullions. Decoupling between exhumation and finite displacement in certain fault segments is explained by vertical deflections associated with extension‐perpendicular folding of the fault surfaces. The main faults of the detachment system were active contemporaneously, thus forming a mechanically linked array of large‐displacement normal faults in the hanging wall of the Main Gulf Escarpment. The Late Miocene onset of transtension in the Sierra San Felipe suggests that widespread deformation may only have localized in the Gulf Extensional Province between ∼9 and 7 Ma, some ∼3–5 Ma after a major plate reorganization associated with cessation of subduction in the trench to the west. Between ∼12 Ma and ∼9–7 Ma, plate boundary shearing was likely distributed between the continental borderland west of Baja California and the southern Basin and Range province in Mexico.
The Liquidation of Government Debt

High public debt often produces the drama of default and restructuring. But debt is also reduced through financial repression (FR), a tax on bondholders and savers via negative or below-market real interest rates. After World War II, capital controls and regulatory restrictions created a captive audience for government debt, limiting tax-base erosion. FR is most successful in liquidating debt when accompanied by inflation. For the advanced economies, real interest rates were negative half of the time during 1945–80. Average annual interest expense savings for a 12-country sample range from about 1% to 5% of GDP for the full 1945–80 period. We suggest that, once again, FR may be part of the toolkit deployed to cope with the most recent surge in public debt in advanced economies.
World Journal of Diabetes

Diabetes and associated complications represent major global public health issues which are associated with impaired quality of life and premature death. Although some diabetic complications have decreased in the developed world, the majority are still prevalent, with an increasing trend in the developing world. Currently used therapies are mainly ‘glucocentric’, focusing on the optimization of glycemic control to prevent, delay or manage diabetes-associated complications-other common comorbidities, such as dyslipidemia and hypertension are often underestimated. Although a number of novel therapeutic approaches have been reported recently, some of them have not received comparable attention in relation to either further studies or potential clinical implementation. This editorial briefly discusses some recent therapeutic approaches to the prevention and management of diabetes and its associated complications, as well as potential directions for future research and development in this area.
The contribution of housing to carbon emissions and the potential for reduction: an Australia-UK comparison

Housing is the predominant land use in most cities and also a major contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The sources of these emissions vary depending on climatic factors, building designs and occupant behaviour. Government driven initiatives seek to affect all of these aspects in a drive to reduce GHG emissions. This review examines the profile of emissions from housing in the UK and Australia as well as comparing current policy initiatives to shift towards a low carbon future. We assess the potential for GHG reduction from an economic, technical and behavioural perspective seeking to determine where opportunities for GHG reduction exist in the housing profiles of these two very different situations and whether practice in either country can inform the other.
Sea-Level Rise on the South Carolina Coast: Two Case Studies for 2100

Over the next century a "greenhouse"-induced sea-level rise (SLR) of 0.25 m to 2.00 m may occur. This SLR, when combined with local vertical movements along coasts, has the potential to cause significant changes In the South Carolina coastline. These changes may occur through the inundation of low-lying coastal areas, Increases in 10 erosion rates from increased wave heights and possible increases in tropical cyclone intensities and frequencies. To explore the potential effects of climate change on the South Carolina coast, four SLR scenarios were applied to two USGS 7.5' quadrangles (Wampee and Hilton Head, South Carolina). The impacts of SLR were measured in terms of the amount of land that would be lost to the sea permanently (from SLR and local vertical movement) and episodically (from tropical cyclone-induced storm surges) if the current coastline was abandoned and the retreat option taken. Based on results from the case studies, the following conclusions were drawn: (1) studies on the regional effects of SLR must consider local vertical movement in order to be valid, (2) as sea level rises the relief of coastal areas will decrease, increasing the percentage of land above mean sea level subject to episodic inundatlon, and (3) as local sea surface temperatures rise, the maximum tropical cyclone-induced surge obtainable along the South Carolina coast will increase, and the probability of a storm occurring may also increase.
A pilot randomised controlled trial to improve smoking cessation by maintaining NHS Stop Smoking Service attendance.

Objectives: The NHS Stop Smoking Service (SSS) is an extremely cost-effective method of enabling smoking cessation. However, the SSS is only used by a minority of smokers. Developing interventions to maintain service attendance may help to increase the number of quitters. This study pilots an intervention aimed at maintaining attendance by (a) increasing motivation to attend through a booklet providing evidence of service effectiveness, and (b) strengthening the link between motivation to attend and attendance through forming an implementation intention. Design: A factorial randomised controlled trial. Methods: A total of 160 newly enrolled smokers at the Surrey NHS Stop Smoking Service were recruited and randomly assigned to one of four conditions: (i) standard care (SC), (ii) SC + effectiveness booklet, (iii) SC + implementation intention, and (iv) SC + effectiveness booklet + implementation intention. The outcome measures included attendance at the SSS and the 4-week quit rate. Results: The booklet increased service attendance (OR = 2.93, p<0.01, 95% CI = 1.45-5.93; Number Needed to Treat (NNT) = 3.3) but had no impact on the 4-week quit rate (OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 0.75-3.21). Forming an implementation intention had no impact on service attendance or the 4-week quit rate. Attending the service was associated with a higher 4-week quit-rate (rho = 87.52, p<0.001). Conclusions: Presenting information about the effectiveness of the service improved service attendance. A larger trial now needs to evaluate whether this intervention can also increase the quit-rate.
Environmental Monitoring WSN

between the control and data packets. The second attribute is schedule related. Some information is required by the sources in order to synchronise with their base station. These parameters include the number of slots, slot length and the start time of the first slot. The base station specifies the slot start time with respect to the Start of Frame Delimiter (SFD) transmission in order to minimise the effects of application and hardware processing delays. The source assigned to the first data slot sets its timer to fire and sends data when the time arrives. Other sources start at different times and they compute the starting times from the slot information. The transmission parameters are required to be completely set before the phase begins. Slot length determination for data slot can therefore be applied to the control slot. The base station periodically its control packet. Monitoring" is a book designed by InTech - Open Access in collaboration with scientists and researchers from over the world. The book is designed to present recent research advances and developments in the field of environmental monitoring to a global audience of scientists, researchers, environmental educators, administrators, managers, technicians, students, environmental enthusiasts and the general public. The book consists of a series of sections and chapters addressing topics like the monitoring of heavy metal contaminants in varied environments, biolgical monitoring/ecotoxicological studies; and the use of wireless sensor networks/Geosensor webs in environmental monitoring.
Correspondence: Reply to the comment of weaver and Eby on the Paper “a parametrization of solar energy disposition in the climate system” (Wang et al., 2004)

ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN42(4)2004,295–296 ©CanadianMeteorologicalandOceanographicSociety *Correspondingauthor’se-mail: wangz@zephyr.meteo. mcgill.ca In thecommentofWeaverandEbyonWangetal. (2004),it ispointedoutthatthedescriptioninWangetal. (2004)ofthe treatment of albedo processes in the University of Victoria (UVic)modelisincorrect.Weagreethatsomestatements in Wang et al. (2004) are inaccurate,andweapologize for the confusion that thismayhavecaused.Inordertoclarifyour descriptionoftheUVicmodelasinWeaveretal. (2001),we note the following. Bydefinition,theintegratedsurfacealbedo s isdefinedas
Statistical Software - Overview

It is generally acknowledged that the most important changes in statistics in the last 50 years are driven by technology. More specifically, by the development and universal availability of fast computers and of devices to collect and store ever-increasing amounts of data. Satellite remote sensing, large-scale sensor networks, continuous environmental monitoring, medical imaging, micro-arrays, the various genomes, and computerized surveys have not just created a need for new statistical techniques. These new forms of massive data collection also require efficient implementation of these new techniques in software. Thus development of statistical software has become more and more important in the last decades. Large data sets also create new problems of their own. In the early days, in which the t-test reigned, including the data in a published article was easy, and reproducing the results of the analysis did not take much effort. In fact, it was usually enough to provide the values of a small number of sufficient statistics. This is clearly no longer the case. Large data sets require a great deal of manipulation before they are ready for analysis, and the more complicated data analysis techniques often use special-purpose software and some tuning. This makes reproducibility a very significant problem. There is no science without replication, and the weakest form of replication is that two scientists analyzing the same data should arrive at the same results.