Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New Persistent Opioid Use After Childbirth

Approximately 1% of women who started opioids after delivery progressed to chronic use, and the most important modifiable risk factor was the quantity of opioids in the initial postpartum prescription. OBJECTIVE: To examine factors associated with new persistent opioid use after childbirth. METHODS: We conducted a population-based cohort study of individuals who initiated opioid therapy within 7 days of discharge from hospital after delivery between September 1, 2013, and September 30, 2021. The primary outcome was new persistent opioid use, which was defined as one or more prescriptions for an opioid within 90 days of the first postpartum prescription and one or more subsequent opioid prescriptions in the 91–365 days afterward. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess patient-, pregnancy-, and prescription-related factors associated with new persistent opioid use after delivery. RESULTS: We identified 118,694 unique deliveries after which opioids were initiated, including 99,399 cesarean (83.7%) and 19,295 vaginal (16.3%) deliveries. Among mothers who initiated an opioid after delivery, 1,282 (10.8/1,000 deliveries) met our definition of new persistent opioid use in the subsequent year. Rates of new persistent opioid use were appreciably higher after vaginal (16.0/1,000) compared with cesarean (9.8/1,000) deliveries. Each additional 30 morphine milligram equivalents in the initial opioid prescription was associated with an increased risk of new persistent use after cesarean (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.06, 95% CI 1.04–1.08) and vaginal (aOR 1.05, 95% CI 1.02–1.08) delivery. A concomitant benzodiazepine prescription after cesarean delivery was associated with a markedly increased risk of persistent opioid use (aOR 2.69, 95% CI 1.60–4.52). CONCLUSION: Among people who filled an opioid prescription after delivery, about 1% displayed evidence of persistent opioid use in the subsequent year. Initial prescriptions for large quantities of opioids and a concurrent benzodiazepine prescription may be important modifiable risk factors to prevent new persistent opioid use after delivery.
HEAVY METALS CONCENTRATION INFLUENCE ON AQUATIC MACROPHYTES, SEDIMENT AND WATER IN LAGOA DA FRANCESA (PARINTINS -AM)

Among environmental contaminants in the water, the heavy metals are relevant for being cumulative and can reach all the trophic chain. Depending on the environmental conditions, these elements may have mobility between sediment, water and plant biomass in an aquatic environment. The concentrations of heavy metals copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr) in sediment, in water and in two species of aquatic macrophytes (Eichhornia crassipes and Paspalun repens) identified in the Lagoa da Francesa (Parintins / AM) were measured and evaluated. The samples were collected in July 2012. Cd was not found in the macrophytes and in the sediment. Pb showed higher concentrations in the water. The metals Cu, Pb and Cr presented higher concentrations in the roots of macrophytes, whereas Paspalun repens macrophyte cumulated higher concentration of Pb in its shoots (leaves).
Genome-wide association study and fine-mapping on Korean biobank to discover renal trait-associated variants.

Background Chronic kidney disease is a significant health burden worldwide, with increasing incidence. Although several genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have investigated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) associated with kidney trait, most studies were focused on European ancestry. Methods We utilized clinical and genetic information collected from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). Results More than five million SNPs from 58,406 participants were analyzed. After meta-GWAS, 1,360 loci associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at a genome-wide significant level (p = 5 × 10-8) were identified. Among them, 399 loci were validated with at least one other biomarker (blood urea nitrogen [BUN] or eGFRcysC) and 149 loci were validated using both markers. Among them, 18 SNPs (nine known ones and nine novel ones) with 20 putative genes were found. The aggregated effect of genes estimated by MAGMA gene analysis showed that these significant genes were enriched in kidney-associated pathways, with the kidney and liver being the most enriched tissues. Conclusion In this study, we conducted GWAS for more than 50,000 Korean individuals and identified several variants associated with kidney traits, including eGFR, BUN, and eGFRcysC. We also investigated functions of relevant genes using computational methods to define putative causal variants.
Association of low-dose ionising radiation with site-specific solid cancers: Chinese medical X-ray workers cohort study, 1950–1995

Background The dose–response relationship between cancers and protracted low-dose rate exposure to ionising radiation is still uncertain. This study aims to estimate quantified relationships between low-dose radiation exposures and site-specific solid cancers among Chinese medical X-ray workers. Methods This cohort study included 27 011 individuals who were employed at major hospitals in 24 provinces in China from 1950 to 1980 and had been exposed to X-ray equipment, and a control group of 25 782 physicians who were not exposed to X-ray equipment. Person-years of follow-up were calculated from the year of employment to the date of the first diagnosis of cancer or the end of follow-up, whichever occurred first. All cancers were obtained from medical records during 1950–1995. This study used Poisson regression models to estimate the excess relative risk (ERR) and excess absolute risk (EAR) for incidence of site-specific solid cancers associated with cumulative dose. Results 1643 solid cancers were developed, the most common being lung, liver and stomach cancer. Among X-ray workers, the average cumulative colon dose was 0.084 Gy. We found a positive relationship between cumulative organ-specific dose and liver (ERR/Gy=1.48; 95% CI 0.40 to 2.83), oesophagus (ERR/Gy=18.1; 95% CI 6.25 to 39.1), thyroid (ERR/Gy=2.96; 95% CI 0.44 to 8.18) and non-melanoma skin cancers (ERR/Gy=7.96; 95% CI 2.13 to 23.12). We found no significant relationship between cumulative organ-specific doses and other cancers. Moreover, the results showed a statistically significant EAR for liver, stomach, breast cancer (female), thyroid and non-melanoma skin cancers. Conclusions These findings provided more useful insights into the risks of site-specific cancers from protracted low-dose rate exposure to ionising radiation.
Atmospheric Rivers and Cool Season Extreme Precipitation Events in the Verde River Basin of Arizona

AbstractInland-penetrating atmospheric rivers (ARs) can affect the southwestern United States and significantly contribute to cool season (November–March) precipitation. In this work, a climatological characterization of AR events that have led to cool season extreme precipitation in the Verde River basin (VRB) in Arizona for the period 1979/80–2010/11 is presented. A “bottom up” approach is used by first evaluating extreme daily precipitation in the basin associated with AR occurrence, then identifying the two dominant AR patterns (referred to as Type 1 and Type 2, respectively) using a combined EOF statistical analysis. The results suggest that AR events in the Southwest do not form and develop in the same regions. Water vapor content in Type 1 ARs is obtained from the tropics near Hawaii (central Pacific) and enhanced in the midlatitudes, with maximum moisture transport over the ocean at low levels of the troposphere. On the other hand, moisture in Type 2 ARs has a more direct tropical origin and merid.
Safety and immunogenicity of three dose levels of an investigational, highly purified Vero cell rabies vaccine: A randomized, controlled, observer-blinded, Phase II study with a simulated post-exposure regimen in healthy adults

ABSTRACT A serum-free, highly purified rabies vaccine produced in Vero cells is under development. The initial formulation, PVRV-NG, was evaluated in five Phase II studies and subsequently reformulated (PVRV-NG2). This multicenter, observer-blinded Phase II study investigated the safety and immune response of three different doses (antigen content) of PVRV-NG2 versus a licensed human diploid cell rabies vaccine (HDCV; Imovax rabies®). Healthy adults (N = 320) were randomized to receive PVRV-NG2 (low, medium, or high dose), PVRV-NG, or HDCV (2:2:2:1:1 ratio), according to a five-dose Essen simulated post-exposure regimen (Days [D] 0, 3, 7, 14, and 28). All participants received human rabies immunoglobulin intramuscularly on D0. Immunogenicity was assessed at D0, 14, 28, 42, and 6 months after the final injection using the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test. Seroconversion rates were calculated as the percentage of participants achieving rabies virus neutralizing antibody titers ≥0.5 IU/mL. All analyses were descriptive. At each timepoint, geometric mean titers (GMTs) increased with antigen content (measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). High-dose PVRV-NG2 GMTs were the highest at all timepoints, medium-dose PVRV-NG2 GMTs were similar to those with HDCV, and low-dose PVRV-NG2 GMTs were similar to PVRV-NG. The safety profile of PVRV-NG2 was comparable to PVRV-NG; however, fewer injection site reactions were reported with PVRV-NG2 or PVRV-NG (range 36.7–47.5%) than with HDCV (61.5%). This study demonstrated a dose–effect of antigen content at all timepoints. As post-exposure prophylaxis, the safety and immunogenicity profiles of the high-dose PVRV-NG2 group compared favorably with HDCV. Clinicaltrials.gov number: NCT03145766.
Why do errors arise in artificial intelligence diagnostic tools in histopathology and how can we minimize them?

Artificial intelligence (AI)‐based diagnostic tools can offer numerous benefits to the field of histopathology, including improved diagnostic accuracy, efficiency and productivity. As a result, such tools are likely to have an increasing role in routine practice. However, all AI tools are prone to errors, and these AI‐associated errors have been identified as a major risk in the introduction of AI into healthcare. The errors made by AI tools are different, in terms of both cause and nature, to the errors made by human pathologists. As highlighted by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, it is imperative that practising pathologists understand the potential limitations of AI tools, including the errors made. Pathologists are in a unique position to be gatekeepers of AI tool use, maximizing patient benefit while minimizing harm. Furthermore, their pathological knowledge is essential to understanding when, and why, errors have occurred and so to developing safer future algorithms. This paper summarises the literature on errors made by AI diagnostic tools in histopathology. These include erroneous errors, data concerns (data bias, hidden stratification, data imbalances, distributional shift, and lack of generalisability), reinforcement of outdated practices, unsafe failure mode, automation bias, and insensitivity to impact. Methods to reduce errors in both tool design and clinical use are discussed, and the practical roles for pathologists in error minimisation are highlighted. This aims to inform and empower pathologists to move safely through this seismic change in practice and help ensure that novel AI tools are adopted safely.
The ecological effects of oil spills in the Baltic Sea - the national action plan of Finland

When oil enters the sea as a result of an oil spill it causes both immediate and long-term changes in the biotic and abiotic environments. This publication is the first uniform Finnish national plan of action in the case of largescale oil pollution incidents. For this report, a working group comprising researchers, experts and authorities has compiled essential current information on the impact of oil on marine ecology as well as guidelines on how to conduct research and sampling. Furthermore, the areas of research responsibilities have been clearly defined. The focus of this report is on the impact of mineral oils. It has been found in connection with earlier oil spills that the impacts of petroleum hydrocarbons on living organisms extend beyond the visibly polluted area. This action plan therefore provides instructions on how to survey the ecological impacts of oil irrespective of the extent of the oil spill, and covering areas beyond the main affected area. In addition to acute-stage research, monitoring of long-term effects and oil levels is also necessary. The Baltic Sea is a particularly vulnerable sea area. The number of oil spills caused by vessels has decreased over the past decades due to tighter requirements regarding vessel condition, strict sanctions on spills and improved overall surveillance and route planning, while the amount of vessel traffic has significantly increased. Over the period from 1995 to 2010, oil transport in the Gulf of Finland increased nearly 10-fold, and this trend is expected to continue as Russia opens new oil terminals and increases the capacity of its existing terminals. Furthermore, it is possible that significant amounts of oil enter the sea from onshore sources, such as industrial plants. This action plan aims to provide guidelines in case of an oil spill for the Finnish authorities responsible for studying the impacts of oil on the marine ecosystems in Finland. The publication is divided into three sections: Section A contains general background information on the impacts of oil spills on the marine environment and approaches required to carry out the impact studies; Section B describes step-by-step instructions on how to initiate the necessary procedures in case of an oil spill; and in Section C, the need for further study on baseline oil levels in marine ecosystems is discussed. Section B may be used as a standalone guide.
Rare single‐nucleotide variants of MLH1 and MSH2 genes in patients with Lynch syndrome

Abstract Background Approximately 5% of colorectal cancers (CRCs) are hereditary. Lynch syndrome (LS), also known as hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), is the most common form of recognized hereditary CRC. Although Iran, as a developing country, has a high incidence of CRC, the spectrum of variants has yet to be thoroughly investigated. Aims This study aimed to investigate pathogenic and non‐pathogenic variants in MLH1 and MSH2 genes in Iranian patients with suspected Lynch syndrome (sLS). Methods and results In the present study, 25 peripheral blood samples were collected from patients with sLS and high microsatellite instability (MSI‐H). After DNA extraction, all samples underwent polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing to identify the variants in the exons of MLH1 and MSH2 genes. The identified variants were interpreted using prediction tools, and were finally reported under ACMG guidelines. In our study population, 13 variants were found in the MLH1 gene and 8 in the MSH2 gene. Interestingly, 7 of the 13 MLH1 variants and 3 of the 8 MSH2 variants were novel, whereas the remaining variants were previously reported or available in databases. In addition, some patients with sLS did not have variants in the exons of the MLH1 and MSH2 genes. The variants detected in the MLH1 and MSH2 genes had specific characteristics regarding the number, area of occurrence, and their relationship with demographic and clinicopathologic features. Conclusion Overall, our results suggest that analysis of MLH1 and MSH2 genes alone is insufficient in the Iranian population, and more comprehensive tests are recommended for detecting LS.
Claim Extraction via Subgraph Matching over Modal and Syntactic Dependencies

We propose the use of modal dependency parses (MDPs) aligned with syntactic dependency parse trees as an avenue for the novel task of claim extraction. MDPs provide a document-level structure that links linguistic expression of events to the conceivers responsible for those expressions. By defining the event-conceiver links as claims and using subgraph pattern matching to exploit the complementarity of these modal links and syntactic claim patterns, we outline a method for aggregating and classifying claims, with the potential for supplying a novel perspective on large natural language data sets. Abstracting away from the task of claim extraction, we prototype an interpretable information extraction (IE) paradigm over sentence- and document-level parse structures, framing inference as subgraph matching and learning as subgraph mining. We make our code open-sourced at https://github.com/BBN-E/nlp-graph-pattern-matching-and-mining.
Error Exploration for Automatic Abstract Meaning Representation Parsing

Following the data-driven methods of evaluation and error analysis in meaning representation parsing presented in (Buljan et al., 2022), we performed an error exploration of an Abstract Meaning Representation (AMR) parser. Our aim is to perform a diagnosis of the types of errors found in the output of the tool in order to implement adaptation and correction strategies to accommodate these errors. This article presents the exploration, its results, the strategies we implemented and the effect of these strategies on the performances of the tool. Though we did not observe a significative rise on average in the performances of the tool, we got much better results in some cases using our adaptation techniques.
Gender-tailored Semantic Role Profiling for German

In this short paper, we combine the semantic perspective of particular verbs as casting a positive or negative relationship between their role fillers with a pragmatic examination of how the distribution of particular vulnerable role filler subtypes (children, migrants, etc.) looks like. We focus on the gender subtype and strive to extract gender-specific semantic role profiles: who are the predominant sources and targets of which polar events - men or women. Such profiles might reveal gender stereotypes or biases (of the media), but as well could be indicative of our social reality.
QA-Adj: Adding Adjectives to QA-based Semantics

Identifying all predicate-argument relations in a sentence has been a fundamental research target in NLP. While traditionally these relations were modeled via formal schemata, the recent QA-SRL paradigm (and its extensions) present appealing advantages of capturing such relations through intuitive natural language question-answer (QA) pairs. In this paper, we extend the QA-based semantics framework to cover adjectival predicates, which carry important information in many downstream settings yet have been scarcely addressed in NLP research. Firstly, based on some prior literature and empirical assessment, we propose capturing four types of core adjectival arguments, through corresponding question types. Notably, our coverage goes beyond prior annotations of adjectival arguments, while also explicating valuable implicit arguments. Next, we develop an extensive data annotation methodology, involving controlled crowdsourcing and targeted expert review. Following, we create a high-quality dataset, consisting of 9K adjective mentions with 12K predicate-argument instances (QAs). Finally, we present and analyze baseline models based on text-to-text language modeling, indicating challenges for future research, particularly regarding the scarce argument types. Overall, we suggest that our contributions can provide the basis for research on contemporary modeling of adjectival information.
Trajectory planning and simulation of a custom mobile manipulator for door opening tasks using ROS

This paper presents the development of a custom-made mobile manipulator for opening doors. Tiago base mobile robot and Universal Robot 3 (UR3) manipulator fitted with Robotiq gripper were combined for developing a new mobile manipulator. Kinematic and workspace analyses of UR3 manipulator were carried out using the screw theory formulation. A trajectory planning for opening a door was carried out using Robot Operating System (ROS) platform. A simulation study was done to visualize the robot operation during the door opening task. ;
SOCIO-CULTURAL IMPACTS AND ECOTOURISM POLICY IN THAILAND

Ecotourism is criticised as unclear and may not lead to sustainability. There is high tendency that ecotourism may be an early life-cycle stage that finally develop to mass tourism. Therefore, the development will affect directly on environmental and socio-cultural factors. The evaluation of ecotourism development begins basically with the host and guest relationship which leads to estimate the impacts on local communities. The measurement of impacts depends on government policies, the degree of local involvement, and the perceptions of hosts towards guests and towards ecotourism development. Ecotourism policies demand the local involvements follow the sustainability approach. In addition, Thai ecotourism development is in the beginning stage and is needed to focus more on local empowerment. This paper intends to explore the ecotourism policy in Thailand by focusing on socio-cultural perspective.
New Approaches to Some Problems in Combinatorial Geometry/ Adam, Sheffer

This dissertation studies two significantly different areas in combinatorial geometry, and is consequently partitioned into two main parts. Part I discusses problems that are related to the polynomial method (or the algebraic method), which in the past several years was used to solve a variety of problems in combinatorial geometry. This technique applies tools from algebraic geometry to combinatorial problems. So far, the main result of this approach is Guth and Katz’s almost tight bound for the planar distinct distances problem [54]. Many other results subsequently emerged, mainly for distinct distances and incidence problems. In Part I we present two such applications of the algebraic method. The first, given in Chapter 2, is a variant of the distinct distances problem that involves the number of distinct distances between two point sets, each contained in a different line in the plane. The second application, presented in Chapter 3, is a set of several incidence bounds between points and circles in R3. These results have appeared in [105] and [108], respectively. Part II studies problems that seek bounds on the number of graphs of certain kinds that can be embedded on a set of N points in the plane. Typical problems of this kind are: • What is the maximum number of planar graphs with N vertices that have a straightedge crossing-free embedding on a fixed set of N points in the plane? • What is the maximum number of ways to triangulate (by straight non-crossing edges) a set of N points in the plane? • What is the maximum number of simple polygons (or, equivalently, straight-edge crossing-free Hamiltonian tours) over a fixed set of N points in the plane? In all of these questions we consider the point set to be labeled. For example, let P be a set of N points in convex position. Euler and Lamé [41, 73] showed that P can be triangulated in Θ(4N ) ways, which implies that the answer to the second question is at least Θ(4N ). In Part II we focus on deriving upper bounds for such problems, rather than lower bounds. We present several of the main techniques for deriving such upper bounds. In Chapter 5, which is based on [59], we present the concept of ps-flippable sets and rely on it to derive improved upper bounds for the maximum numbers of plane graphs, spanning trees, forests, and more, over a fixed set of N points. In Chapter 6, which is based on [107], we combine ps-flippable sets with an algebraic technique of Kasteleyn, to obtain an improved upper bound for the maximum number of simple polygons. In Chapter 7, which is based on [104], we use a charging scheme between vertices of different graphs over the same vertex set to derive improved upper bounds for the maximum numbers of plane graphs, 3-quasi-plane graphs, and more.