Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Supplementary material to "A strong statistical link between aerosol indirect effects and the self-similarity of rainfall distributions"

Abstract. We use convective-scale simulations of monsoonal clouds to reveal a self-similar probability density function that underpins surface rainfall statistics. This density is independent of cloud-droplet number concentration and is unchanged by aerosol perturbations. It therefore represents an invariant property of our model with respect to cloud-aerosol interactions. For a given aerosol concentration, if the dependence of at least one moment of the rainfall distribution on cloud-droplet number is a known input parameter, then the self-similar density can be used to reconstruct the entire rainfall distribution to a useful degree of accuracy. In particular, we present both single-moment and double-moment reconstructions that are able to predict the responses of the rainfall distributions to changes in aerosol concentration. In doing so we show that the seemingly high-dimensional space of possible aerosol-induced rainfall-distribution transformations can be parametrized by a surprisingly small (at most three) independent “degrees of freedom”: the self-similar density, and auxiliary information about two moments of the rainfall distribution. This suggests that, although aerosol-indirect effects on any specific hydro-meteorological system may be multifarious in terms of rainfall changes and physical mechanisms, there may, nevertheless, be a universal constraint on the number of independent degrees of freedom needed to represent the dependencies of rainfall on aerosols.
The Importance of Sustainable Leadership amongst Female Managers in the Spanish Logistics Industry: A Cultural, Ethical and Legal Perspective

At present, the logistics industry in Spain is one that is mostly male-dominated, and women middle and top managers make up less than 10% of the workforce at these management levels. There is therefore an obvious lack of parity in this sector. Spanish regulation at present supports and promotes gender parity in different sectors including the logistics industry. Our article uses as a basis the fifth Sustainable Development Goal, “achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls”. Twenty-four female middle and top managers of the logistics sector were interviewed via a questionnaire of 52 questions. The research for this study was based on Avery and Bergsteiner’s 2011 Honeybee and Locust Sustainable Leadership Model and strived to determine how female middle and top managers in the logistics sector in Spain perceived leadership in their workplace and whether these perceptions were aligned with Avery and Bergsteiner’s sustainability leadership model. Findings showed interesting results, indicating that the Spanish logistics industry seemed to be a mixture of bee- and locust-type leadership. Respondents agreed that organizations were not very open to knowledge sharing and indicated that there is still a considerable need for improvement with regard to leadership practices in the logistics sector. Finally, our study is innovative in the sense that sustainable leadership and gender equality are two elements that have not been researched together.
Do Children, Parents, and Teachers Agree in Reports on Victimization and Internalizing Symptoms? Cross-Sectional Triangulation and a Two-Year Prediction

ABSTRACT Concordance in reports on victimization and emotional problems is understudied. This paper explores child, parent, and teacher agreement in cross-sectional reports on children's victimization, anxiousness, and sadness, as well as longitudinal associations between these factors. In this population-based study of 419 school children, the informants reported that four in ten children were victimized. Venn diagrams displayed agreement in 19 out of 140 cases, indicating low concordance. On the other hand, logistic regression models demonstrated strong agreement on anxiousness, suggesting two to four times higher odds compared with non-victimized peers. Early anxiousness, sadness, and victimization typically were associated with the same adversity in adjusted two-year linear regression models, with a low explained variance (5–16%). The paper critically discusses sensitivity and specificity related to the high prevalence and low concordance of victimization and hypothesizes that signs of anxiousness may lead – or mislead – a significant number of adults to assume victimization.
Bidirectional H8 AC–DC Topology Combining Advantages of Both Diode-Clamped and Flying-Capacitor Three-Level Converters

A three-level bidirectional ac–dc converter with H8 topology is proposed to combine the advantages of both neutral-point clamped and flying-capacitor (FC) three-level converters for medium-voltage (MV) ac–dc solid-state transformer (SST) applications. The innovative H8 converter features self-balanced capacitor voltage, common-mode voltage elimination, and small capacitance of the FCs. The proposed carrier-based modulation enables the H8 converter to operate under both active and reactive power conditions. A 10-kVA ac–dc converter prototype with 1.7-kV SiC MOSFETs and 3.3-kV SiC diodes verifies the feasibility and advantages of the proposed topology and the modulation method. The capacitance of the FCs in the H8 converter is reduced by 45 times compared to that of the FC converters. The H8 converter efficiency is tested up to 99% at 2-kV dc voltage. The proposed H8 converter is suitable for the next-generation PV inverter, grid-forming inverter, MV fast charger, and SST applications.
Conhecimento pedagógico de profissionais de educação física sobre o ensino de competências sociais

Objectives: To verify the pedagogical practice of educators from Instituto Guga Kuerten (IGK) in teaching social skills to children through sport. Method: The study presents a qualitative approach, of a descriptive type and with an interpretive character, the data were obtained from an institutional case study with the participation of five physical education teachers, the data collection occurred in a period of four months, two instruments were used to obtain the data: systematic observation and interviews, with memory stimulation procedures. Data analysis was performed using the content analysis method. Results and discussion: The “Champions of Life” program, from the Guga Kuerten Institute, uses sports, pedagogical and recreational activities as an educational tool with an interdisciplinary approach between physical education and other professional areas focused on education. Through educational practices supported by sport, the four pillars of education are experienced by students in the form of social skills. Final Considerations: It is expected that the article can be incorporated into a set of already existing concepts and contribute to the improvement of physical education professionals working in social projects.
Synthesis of Sparse Antenna Arrays Subject to Constraint on Directivity via Iterative Convex Optimization

An effective optimization method is proposed for the synthesis of sparse antenna arrays subject to constraint on directivity in this letter. Based on the framework of thinned arrays synthesis, a real-value mixed integer programming problem for the minimization of the number of elements under given maximum sidelobe level, scan range, and minimum directivity in a limited array aperture is established. In order to solve this problem efficiently, an iterative convex optimization method is proposed, where the strategies of weighted l1-norm minimization and the polygonal expansion and contraction of the element position are integrated together organically. Owing to the adoption of such two strategies, both the search space regarding the element positions and the convergence speed can be controlled flexibly. Several representative numerical examples are presented in comparison with reported advanced methods to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Iodine chemistry in the chemistry-climate model SOCOL-AERv2-iodine

Abstract. This paper introduces a new version of the chemistry-climate model SOCOL-AERv2, supplemented by an iodine chemistry module. We conducted three twenty-year-long ensemble experiments to assess the validity of modeled iodine and to quantify the effects of iodine on ozone. The obtained iodine distributions with SOCOL-AERv2-iodine show good agreement with the CAM-chem model simulations and AMAX-DOAS observations. For the present-day atmosphere, the model suggests the strongest influence of iodine in the lower stratosphere with an ozone loss of up to 30 ppbv at low latitudes and up to 100 ppbv at high latitudes. Globally averaged, the model suggests iodine-induced chemistry to result in an ozone column reduction of 3–4 %, maximizing at high latitudes. In the troposphere, iodine chemistry lowers tropospheric ozone concentrations by 5–10 % depending on the geographical location. We also determined the sensitivity of ozone to iodine applying a 2-fold increase of iodine emissions, which reduces the ozone column globally by an additional 1.5–2.5 %. We found that in the lower troposphere, the share of ozone loss induced by iodine originating from inorganic sources is 75 % and 25 % by iodine originating from organic sources, and contributions become similar at about 50 hPa. These results constrain the importance of atmospheric iodine chemistry for present and future conditions, even though uncertainties remain high due to the paucity of observational data of iodine species.
Natural and anthropic pollution episodes during the Late Holocene evolution of the Tinto River estuary (SW Spain)

1 Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad de Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain. (MA) E-mail: mararser@gmail.com. ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6693-598X (FR) (Corresponding author) E-mail: ruizmu@uhu.es. ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8581-6823 (MLG-R) E-mail: montero@uhu.es. ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2626-9142 (JRV) E-mail: jrvidal@dgeo.uhu.es: ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9475-3307 (LMC) E-mail: mcaceres@uhu.es. ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1381-2476 (MO): E-mail: manuel.olias@dgyp.uhu.es. ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5394-3449 (PG) E-mail: paula.gomezgutierrez@hotmail.com. ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3630-042X (AT) E-mail: antonio.toscano@dgyp.uhu.es. ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2144-5714 (VR) E-mail: vero.ra93@gmail.com. ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6879-0243 (GG) E-mail: ggomezalvarez@yahoo.es. ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1641-0966 2 Centro de Investigación en Patrimonio Histórico, Cultural y Natural (CIPHCN), Universidad de Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain. 3 Departamento de Historia, Geografía y Antropología, Universidad de Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain. (JMC) E-mail: campos@uhu.es. ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4930-2515 (LF) E-mail: lucia.fernandez@dhga.uhu.es. ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8586-497X 4 Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, c/ Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain. (MA) E-mail: manuel.abad@urjc.es. ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1930-2650 5 Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de la Universidad de Atacama (IDICTEC-UDA), Avenida Copayapu 485, Copiapó, Chile. (TA) E-mail: tatiana.izquierdo@uda.cl. ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3805-2020
Effect of Composition and Processing Conditions on Selected Properties of Potato-Based Pellets and Microwave-Expanded Snacks Supplemented with Fresh Beetroot Pulp

© Copyright by Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences © 2021 Author(s). This is an open access article licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Effect of Composition and Processing Conditions on Selected Properties of Potato-Based Pellets and Microwave-Expanded Snacks Supplemented with Fresh Beetroot Pulp
Miniaturized Dual-Band Broadside/Endfire Antenna-in-Package for 5G Smartphone

This article proposes a miniaturized antenna in package (AiP) for 5G millimeter-wave smartphone that incorporates broadside and endfire arrays and supports a dual band covering 28 and 39 GHz. This article demonstrates that the proposed AiP is <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$5.8\,\,\text {mm} \times 19\,\,\text {mm} \times 1.122$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm. It is believed that this is the smallest 5G AiP that can support a 10 dBi antenna gain, a 10 dB return-loss bandwidth of 3 GHz, and more than 10 dB isolation for both broadside and endfire arrays. AiP consists of a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1\times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> patch antenna array for broadside radiation and a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1 \times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> dipole antenna array for endfire radiation. To miniaturize the patch antenna elements, a multilayer Reactive Impedance Surface (RIS) is embedded between the patch layer and the ground plane. This multilayer RIS idea greatly fits in 5G PCB-stack-up antennas where each stack-up layer essentially requires certain portion of copper area. For the endfire array antenna, miniaturization with bandwidth improvement is achieved by modifying the vertically bent folded dipole antenna (VBFDA) and adding a tightly coupled T-shape side via wall. The AiP achieves a 10 dB return-loss bandwidth of 26.22 to 29.57 GHz and 35.18 to 41.00 GHz for Multilayer RIS Patch Antenna (MLRPA), and 26.40 to 29.74 GHz and 36.65 to 40.72 GHz for VBFDA. The antenna gain is 11.6 dBi for MLRPA and 10.0 dBi for VBFDA.
Unmanned aerial vehicle-aided cooperative regenerative relaying network under various environments

This paper studies a cooperative relay network that comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) enabling amplify-and-forward (AF) and power splitting (PS) based energy harvesting. The considered system can be constructed in various environments such as suburban, urban, dense urban, and high-rise urban where the air-to-ground channels are model by a mixture of Rayleigh and Nakagami- m fading. Then, outage probability and Ergodic Capacity are provided under different environment-based parameters. Optimal PS ratios are also provided under normal and high transmit power regimes. Finally, the accuracy of the analytical results is validated through Monte Carlo methods .
A Rapid Review on Community Connected Microgrids

As the population of urban areas continues to grow, and construction of multi-unit developments surges in response, building energy use demand has increased accordingly and solutions are needed to offset electricity used from the grid. Renewable energy systems in the form of microgrids, and grid-connected solar PV-storage are considered primary solutions for powering residential developments. The primary objectives for commissioning such systems include significant electricity cost reductions and carbon emissions abatement. Despite the proliferation of renewables, the uptake of solar and battery storage systems in communities and multi-residential buildings are less researched in the literature, and many uncertainties remain in terms of providing an optimal solution. This literature review uses the rapid review technique, an industry and societal issue-based version of the systematic literature review, to identify the case for microgrids for multi-residential buildings and communities. The study describes the rapid review methodology in detail and discusses and examines the configurations and methodologies for microgrids.
What Do People Say When They Become “Future People”?―Positioning Imaginary Future Generations (IFGs) in General Rules for Good Decision-Making

In public decisions with long-term implications, decisions of the present generation will affect long-term welfare, including future generations. However, only the present generation is able to participate in such decision-making processes. In this study, we invited “Imaginary Future Generations” (IFGs), as participants in a discussion who take on the role of members of future generations to argue on behalf of their future interests to engage in present-day deliberations among residents of a Japanese town. Through analysis, it was seen that the deliberations among IFGs rose interest in issues that are related to common fundamental needs across generations. While the cognitive aspects of interpersonal reactivity, which measure the reactions of one individual to the observed experiences of another, were seen as useful in arguing for the interests of future generations, it was suggested that the environment for deliberation had a significant impact on the ability to effectively take on the role of members of future generations. Finally, this paper positioned IFGs within the broad context of general rules for good decision-making, based on an analysis of these deliberations and in light of philosophical arguments such as the veil of ignorance by John Rawls.
System-synergetic approach to studying the essence of state power

This article is devoted to the problem of cognition and understanding of the essence of state power. Actualization is carried out by searching for a new paradigm approach in order to determine the fundamental principles that are correlated with the idea to optimize and increase the efficiency of the corresponding sphere of public relations. Acting as an alternative to the substantial and relativistic approach to the study of state power, the system-synergetic approach analyzes the phenomenon of “power” based on the definition of “system”, within which the functions of communication and regulation of public relations are assigned to power. As a result, power is seen as a property or function of a social, in particular, political system, the need for which is determined by the presence of society itself and the task of maintaining its integrity. The analysis allows stating that in most modern concepts there is a consistent rejection of the traditional interpretation of power as the result of subject-object relations, where the subject of power is an active, energetic principle, and the object undergoes impact. In contrast to the position of traditionalism, there is a tendency to interpret power as a complex polysystem permeating the entire social structure of society. As a structural and synergistic effect of the system, power is not a property of its individual element, since each element must certainly be correlated with other units of the given system. Power is an intrasystem relatedness of all elements. As a structural principle, power is realized on the basis of equivalent exchange, which means not the equivalence of the exchanged elements, but a situation in which one element is unconceivable without the other, i.e. one element exists in relation to the other, and co-develops with it. Thus, power really fulfills the function of streamlining socio-political ties, making their separation and differentiation expedient. Power, therefore, is the beginning, creating structures, increasing heterogeneities in a continuous social environment and connecting them together. Such a view allows interpreting power as a principle of functioning of the state system: if the state system, with the help of some value proposition, manages to reproduce the corresponding content of consciousness, then it functions quite stably.
Critical Analysis of Methods Adopted for Evaluation of Mixing Efficiency in an Anaerobic Digester

The effect of slurry mixing in an anaerobic digester on biogas production was intensively studied in the last few years. This subject is still debatable due to fact that this process involves three phases, solid-gas-liquid, along with the involvement of microbes during biochemical reactions, which are highly vulnerable to changes in hydrodynamic shear stresses and mixing conditions. Moreover, the complexity in the direction of optimization of mixing magnifies due to the implication of both fluid mechanics and biochemical engineering to study the effect of mixing in anaerobic digestion (AD). The effect of mixing on AD is explored using recent literature and theoretical analysis, concentrating on the multi-phase and multi-scale aspects of AD. The tools and methods available to experimentally quantify the function of mixing on both the global and local scales are summarized in this study. The major challenge for mixing in an anaerobic digester is to minimize dead zones and maintain uniform distribution of viscosity and shear at low mixing intensities without disrupting the microbial flocs and syntrophic relationships between the bacteria during the AD process. This study is a critical analysis of various techniques and approaches adopted by researchers to evaluate the effectiveness of mixing regimes and mixing equipment. Most studies describe biogas production performance and hydrodynamic characteristics of the digesters separately, but the evaluation of mixing requires interdisciplinary experts, which include mechanical engineers, microbiologists and hydrodynamic experts. Through this review, the readers will be guided through intensive literature regarding agitation, the best possible way to scrutinize the agitation problems and the approach to answering the question “why is the optimization of mixing in an anaerobic digester still a debatable subject? ”.
How Image Acquisition Geometry of UAV Campaigns Affects the Derived Products and Their Accuracy in Areas with Complex Geomorphology

The detailed and accurate mapping of landscapes and their geomorphological characteristics is a key issue in hazard management. The current study examines whether the image acquisition geometry of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) campaigns affects the accuracy of the derived products, i.e., orthophotos, digital surface models (DSMs) and photogrammetric point clouds, while performing a detailed geomorphological mapping of a landslide area. UAV flights were executed and the collected imagery was organized into three subcategories based on the viewing angle of the UAV camera. The first subcategory consists of the nadir imagery, the second is composed of the oblique imagery and the third category blends both nadir and oblique imagery. UAV imagery processing was carried out using structure-from-motion photogrammetry (SfM). High-resolution products were generated, consisting of orthophotos, DSMs and photogrammetric-based point clouds. Their accuracy was evaluated utilizing statistical approaches such as the estimation of the root mean square error (RMSE), calculation of the geometric mean of a feature, length measurement, calculation of cloud-to-cloud distances as well as qualitive criteria. All the quantitative and qualitative results were taken into account for the impact assessment. It was demonstrated that the oblique-viewing geometry as well as the combination of nadir and oblique imagery could be used effectively for geomorphological mapping in areas with complex topography and steep slopes that overpass 60 degrees. Moreover, the accuracy assessment revealed that those acquisition geometries contribute to the creation of significantly better products compared to the corresponding one arising from nadir-viewing imagery.