Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Total Flux Density Variations in Extragalactic Radio Sources. I. Decomposition of Variations into Exponential Flares

We show that 22 and 37 GHz total flux density variations in compact extragalactic radio sources can to a good accuracy be modeled by superposition of a small number of flare components. Both the rise and the decay of these flares are exponential, with a characteristic decay timescale 1.3 times longer than the rise timescale. The properties of the individual model flares derived from these flux decompositions are in agreement with data obtained from VLBI observations of the corresponding new shock components. The total flux density decompositions can be used to search correlations between radio and other regimes, to calibrate and to interpret VLBI observations, and to derive physical parameters of the shocks. In particular, the associated brightness temperatures of the flares can be used to estimate the amount of Doppler boosting in each source and, using additional VLBI data, to derive the intrinsic brightness temperatures, the Lorentz factors and the viewing angles of the sources.
A maximal function characterization of a class of Hardy spaces.

Burkholkder, Gundy and Silverstein [1] have shown that the classical Hardy spaces H(D) and H(P) on the unit disc D and the upper half plane P can be characterized by the maximal function. For the unit disc they proved the following: if u is an harmonic function in D and Ώa(θ) is the Stoltz domain given by the interior of the smallest convex set containing the disc {z: \z\ < a} and the point eiθ9 then u = Rei 7 for some F e H{D) if and only if sup{|iι(z)|: z e Qa(θ)} e L (dD), where 32) denotes the boundary of D. This theorem extends an earlier one due to Hardy and Littlewood [9,1, p. 278]. The importance of this result is that a real-valued classification of these spaces of analytic functions allows the notion of Hardy space to be extended to real Euclidean spaces of arbitrary dimension. This was precisely the task undertaken by Fefferman and Stein [2] and in so doing they presented many other equivalent real-valued function characterizations of the corresponding H spaces. In the 1950's [5] Hardy spaces were generalized in other directions and different measures on the boundary R = 3P were considered. In this paper we will consider a class of Hardy spaces H which combines many of the properties of the classical Hardy spaces of the upper half plane and the unit disc. Our H spaces will consist of functions that are analytic in the upper half plane and yet constrained by a bounded measure on its boundary R. This measure arises naturally [5] in the theory of abstract harmonic analysis, where the unit circle is replaced by any abelian locally compact group G and the set of indices over which one forms a " trigonometric series" is taken to be the dual group of G. In our case, the group R of real numbers endowed with the discrete topology is considered; its dual group can then be identified as bR, the Bohr compactification of R [3].
Response to “Comments on ‘Pore fluid viscosity and the wave properties of saturated granular materials including marine sediments [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 127, 2095–2098 (2010)]’ ”

Chotiros and Isakson [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 127, 2095–2098 (2010)] raised three main issues concerning the grain-shearing and viscous-grain-shearing (VGS) theories of wave propagation in saturated marine sediments. (1) They introduced the R-ratio as a test of the two theories, (2) they then used the R-ratio to compare the theories with published measurements of compressional and shear wave properties of laboratory sediments under high confinement pressures, and (3) they pointed out that the VGS theory overestimates the shear attenuation measured during the Sediment Acoustics Experiment 1999 (SAX99) by about an order of magnitude. With regard to the R-ratio, it provides an incomplete test of the theories and, moreover, it returns ambiguous results. As for the tests against measurements made under high confinement pressures, they are invalid because the theories are not applicable under such conditions. The third point is correct, but a minor modification to the VGS theory resolves the difficulty.
A note on the waiting time in M[X]/G/1 queueing systems with a removable server

For the M[X]/G/1 queueing model with a general exhaustive-service vacation policy, it has been proved that the Laplace-Stieltjes transform (LST) of the steady-state distribution function of the waiting time of a customer arriving while the server is active is the product of the corresponding LST in the bulk arrival model with unremovable server and another LST. The expression given for the latter, however, is valid only under the assumption that the number of groups arriving in an inactive phase is independent of the sizes of the groups. We here give an expression which holds in the general case. For the N-policy case, we also give an expression for the LST of the steady-state distribution function of the waiting time of a customer arriving while the server is inactive.
Hybrid modeling of collisionless reconnection in two‐dimensional current sheets: Simulations

The stability of thin current sheets, such as commonly occur in space plasmas, is investigated in the presence of a magnetic normal component. The investigation is based on hybrid simulations using a suitably adapted electron pressure model. In order to properly represent the effects of the electron cyclotron motion in the magnetic normal component, we include the cyclotron part of the electron pressure evolution in an implicit manner. The results of a number of these simulations are presented with emphasis on a comparison with the linear analytical theory (Kuznetsova et al., this issue), and on the nonlinear evolution of the tearing instability. We find, in agreement with linear theory, a transition to stability for electron mass below a certain threshold, which depends on the initial configuration. The results suggest that the onset of fast substorm evolution in the magnetotail may be a two-step process, where another presently not included mechanism leads to the destabilization of the tearing instability followed by the nonlinear growth of a large scale instability.
PN emission characteristics of light-duty GDI vehicles under real-driving conditions

This study investigates the PN emission characteristics of direct injection petrol vehicles in Real Driving Emission (RDE) tests using a Portable Emission Measurement System (PEMS). The results of the study show that particulate matter emissions are mainly concentrated in suburban and high-speed conditions, and there is a significant positive correlation between PN emission levels and engine in-cylinder temperature. The higher the speed, the higher the emission level, but rapid acceleration will cause a large amount of particulate emissions in a short period of time. When VSP is above 0 kW/t, the higher the VSP, the higher the PN emission.
The Social, Economic, and Political Impacts of Offshore Outsourcing on the Companies and Developing Countries

With the changes in the industrial era and the transformation of global trade, offshore outsourcing as a new business model was born. In developed countries, offshore outsourcing can be traced back to the 1960s. In the 21st century, the offshore outsourcing business is gradually expanding and tends to spread all over the world. Offshore outsourcing enables companies and their suppliers to be widely fused into the world economy. This article aims to discuss the social, economic, and political impact of companies’ business transfer to developing countries. By combing the concept of offshore outsourcing and exploring the impact of offshore outsourcing on multinational corporations and developing countries, it is found that although it has some disadvantages, it is still a win-win strategy. Because it promotes globalization, promotes cooperation between companies and developing countries, reduces costs, accelerates industrial progress, and thus promotes the economic development of both sides.
Imiquimod immunotherapy and ALA photodynamic therapy combination for the treatment of genital bowenoid papulosis

To investigate the feasibility and efficacy of combination of imiquimod immunotherapy and 5- aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) for the treatment of genital bowenoid papulosis (BP). A total of twenty seven BP patients were randomized into two groups: (I) fifteen patients (12 male and 3 female, age 22-56 years old) were treated with topical application of 5% imiquimod cream (three times a week) and ALA-PDT (100 J/cm2 at 100 mW/cm2, once a week) for 1-4 times in one week interval. (II) Twelve patients (6 male and 6 female, age 29-58 years old) were treated with CO2 laser vaporization as a control. Patients were followed up for 3 to 12 months. Results: In combined therapy group, 60% (9/15) patients showed complete remission and only one recurred (11.1%) during follow up. Local side effects included mild erythema, edema, erosion and burning and/or stinging sensation. No systemic side effect was found. In CO2 laser vaporization group, 83.3% (10/12) patients showed complete remission. However, recurrence occurred in 6 patients (60.0%). Local side effects included mild to moderate edema, erosion, ulceration, delayed healing, prolonged pain and scarring. The difference of recurrence rate between two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Topical application of imiquimod cream and ALA-PDT is safe, effective and associated with low recurrence and less side effect. Its true clinical value needs to be further investigated by a long-term follow-up of large scale trial.
Clinically silent Plasmodium vivax infections in native Amazonians of northwestern Brazil: acquired immunity or low parasite virulence?

BACKGROUND Malaria remains common among native Amazonians, challenging Brazil′s elimination efforts. OBJECTIVES We examined the epidemiology of malaria in riverine populations of the country′s main hotspot - the upper Juruá Valley in Acre state, close to the Brazil-Peru border, where Plasmodium vivax accounts for > 80% of cases. METHODS Participants (n = 262) from 10 villages along the Azul River were screened for malaria parasites by microscopy and genus-specific, cytochrome b (cytb) gene-based polymerase chain reaction. Positive samples were further tested with quantitative TaqMan assays targeting P. vivax- and P. falciparum-specific cytb domains. We used multiple logistic regression analysis to identify independent correlates of P. vivax infection. FINDINGS Microscopy detected only one P. vivax and two P. falciparum infections. TaqMan assays detected 33 P. vivax infections (prevalence, 11.1%), 78.1% of which asymptomatic, with a median parasitaemia of 34/mL. Increasing age, male sex and use of insecticide-treated bed nets were significant predictors of elevated P. vivax malaria risk. Children and adults were similarly likely to remain asymptomatic once infected. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Our findings are at odds with the hypothesis of age-related clinical immunity in native Amazonians. The low virulence of local parasites is suggested as an alternative explanation for subclinical infections in isolated populations.
Intensive vegetable production under plastic mulch: A field study on soil plastic and pesticide residues and their effects on the soil microbiome.

Intensive agriculture relies on external inputs to reach high productivity and profitability. Plastic mulch, mainly in the form of Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE), is widely used in agriculture to decrease evaporation, increase soil temperature and prevent weeds. The incomplete removal of LDPE mulch after use causes plastic contamination in agricultural soils. In conventional agriculture, the use of pesticides also leaves residues accumulating in soils. Thus, the objective of this study was to measure plastic and pesticide residues in agricultural soils and their effects on the soil microbiome. For this, we sampled soil (0-10 cm and 10-30 cm) from 18 parcels from 6 vegetable farms in SE Spain. The farms were under either organic or conventional management, where plastic mulch had been used for >25 years. We measured the macro- and micro-light density plastic debris contents, the pesticide residue levels, and a range of physiochemical properties. We also carried out DNA sequencing on the soil fungal and bacterial communities. Plastic debris (>100 μm) was found in all samples with an average number of 2 × 103 particles kg-1 and area of 60 cm2 kg-1. We found 4-10 different pesticide residues in all conventional soils, for an average of 140 μg kg-1. Overall, pesticide content was ~100 times lower in organic farms. The soil microbiomes were farm-specific and related to different soil physicochemical parameters and contaminants. Regarding contaminants, bacterial communities responded to the total pesticide residues, the fungicide Azoxystrobin and the insecticide Chlorantraniliprole as well as the plastic area. The fungicide Boscalid was the only contaminant to influence the fungal community. The wide spread of plastic and pesticide residues in agricultural soil and their effects on soil microbial communities may impact crop production and other environmental services. More studies are required to evaluate the total costs of intensive agriculture.
Zinc oxide thin-film random lasers on silicon substrate

Room-temperature ultraviolet lasing is demonstrated in mirrorless zinc oxide thin-film waveguides on (100) silicon substrate. Laser cavities, due to closed-loop optical scattering from the lateral facets of the irregular zinc oxide grains, are generated through the post-growth annealing of high-crystal-quality zinc oxide thin films obtained from the filtered cathodic vacuum arc technique. It is found that the lasing wavelength and linewidth of the zinc oxide random lasers under 355 nm optical excitation are around 390 nm and less than 0.4 nm, respectively. In addition, the lasing threshold characteristics are in good agreement with the random laser theory.
The Development of Youth Network for Strengthening Social Adaptation of Thai Vulnerable Juveniles

The purposes of the study were 1) to examine the effects of a youth network on vulnerable youths’ social adaptation knowledge, 2) to examine the vulnerable youths’ satisfaction with the youth network on social adaptation development, and 3) to examine the effects of a youth network on vulnerable youths’ changes in behaviors of social adaptation. The participants consisted of 302 vulnerable youths in the northern Thai province of Khon Kaen selected by a systematic sampling method. A group of 10 authorities was also chosen purposively to join the interview session. The instruments included a youth network plan, a social adaptation test, and an interview form. Frequency, percentage, mean score, S.D, and t-test were used to examine the data. The content analysis assessed qualitative data. The findings study reveals how a planned youth network resulted in the acquisition of knowledge, attitudes, and desirable behavior among youngsters at risk.
Discovery of new objects in the Orion nebula on HST images - Shocks, compact sources, and protoplanetary disks

We have reduced and analyzed a set of narrow-band HST images of a portion of M42 south of the Trapezium. Many new emission-line sources were found, some quite long but so narrow that they are not seen on ground-based images. These include thin shells which are high-ionization shocks. The structure around Orion HH 3 is resolved into multiple components. Slit spectroscopy data establish the high expansion velocities of all these regions. The other objects seen are compact sources. Although some had been detected in VLA surveys and several had been seen from the ground optically, the new images show previously undetected structure and clearly establish that most are protoplanetary disks, which are neutral disks surrounding low-mass pre-main-sequence stars and are ionized from the outside by Theta sup 1 C and Theta sup 2 A Ori.
Semantic and Relation Modulation for Audio-Visual Event Localization

We study the problem of localizing audio-visual events that are both audible and visible in a video. Existing works focus on encoding and aligning audio and visual features at the segment level while neglecting informative correlation between segments of the two modalities and between multi-scale event proposals. We propose a novel Semantic and Relation Modulation Network (SRMN) to learn the above correlation and leverage it to modulate the related auditory, visual, and fused features. In particular, for semantic modulation, we propose intra-modal normalization and cross-modal normalization. The former modulates features of a single modality with the event-relevant semantic guidance of the same modality. The latter modulates features of two modalities by establishing and exploiting the cross-modal relationship. For relation modulation, we propose a multi-scale proposal modulating module and a multi-alignment segment modulating module to introduce multi-scale event proposals and enable dense matching between cross-modal segments, which strengthen correlations between successive segments within one proposal and between all segments. With the features modulated by the correlation information regarding audio-visual events, SRMN performs accurate event localization. Extensive experiments conducted on the public AVE dataset demonstrate that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in both supervised event localization and cross-modality localization tasks.
Analysis of coherent structures in Rayleigh–Bénard convection

Using direct numerical simulation, we investigate characteristics of coherent structures in Rayleigh–Bénard convection in a soft turbulence regime. The role of thermal plumes, essential structures in Rayleigh–Bénard convection, is studied by splitting flow regimes into thermal plume and background by investigating joint probability density function (PDF) of invariants of velocity gradient tensor. The contribution to thermal dissipation rate by these two regions is analysed separately. Through the joint PDF of invariants, we also examine the thermal effect on velocity structures.
Verification of Theory of Roll-Wave Formation

The Vedernikov number V>1 is the necessary condition for roll‐wave formation. Using the theory of linear stability, Ponce and Simons in 1977 confirmed the Vedernikov criterion for turbulent Chezy friction in hydraulically wide channels. In addition, they identified the scale of the disturbances under which roll waves are most likely to develop. Brock, in 1967, experimentally studied roll‐wave propagation using a laboratory flume. Using Brock's data, an experimental verification of Ponce and Simons' theory is presented. Results show that dimensionless wave numbers corresponding to the roll waves documented by Brock's study plot near the peak of the theoretical functional relation of logarithmic decrement Δ versus dimensionless wave number σ. The analysis confirms that roll waves are most likely to form for large positive values of the logarithmic decrement (δ>0.2), located within a narrow center band of dimensionless wave numbers. In a practical setting, this knowledge can be used to promote or inhibit the.
Adaptive fault‐tolerant control for multiple Euler–Lagrange systems considering time delays and output constraints

Considering the existence of communication delays, the adaptive fault‐tolerant control problems for constrained multiple Euler–Lagrange systems are considered in this paper. First, a communication delays observer is utilized to enable all followers can acquire the leader's state information. Second, based on neural network technique, two distributed coordinated control schemes are designed to make every follower can track the leader. Compared with the first control algorithm, the adaptive fault‐tolerant control problem is further considered in the second control algorithm. The proposed algorithm can simultaneously compensate the actuator bias faults and the partial loss of actuation effectiveness faults. At the same time, a tan‐type barrier Lyapunov function is used to constrain the tracking errors of all followers and the leader. Finally, the simulations show the effectiveness of the proposed control schemes.
Improved algorithms for motion detection and tracking

Motion detection and tracking are both fundamental steps in video surveillance. This paper describes two improved algorithms for motion detection and tracking, respectively. Firstly, the shadow and ghost detection processing is fused with updating the background subtraction model, after the frame is transformed to HSV color space from RGB color space in order to reduce the effect of illumination changes, shadows, and ghosts. And the result of detection is used as initialization for tracking. Secondly, the gradient field is combined with region information to locate the boundary of the object accurately, instead of the traditional level-set method, which only utilizes the gradient field to propagate a front. Experimental results show that the algorithms decrease the computational complexity and provide accurate location of the object boundary.
Antiplatelet Therapy Aims and Strategies in Asian Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome or Stable Coronary Artery Disease

Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) has been the mainstay treatment to reduce ischemic events, such as myocardial infarction or stroke, in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). The development of potent P2Y12 inhibitors (ticagrelor and prasugrel) has helped to further reduce ischemic events, particularly among high-risk patients. Meanwhile, the evolution of newer generations of drug-eluting stents are also improving outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention. Research studies on antiplatelet therapy in recent years have focused on balancing ischemic and bleeding risks through different strategies, which include P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy, escalation and de-escalation, and extended DAPT. Because results from the large number of clinical studies may sometimes appear conflicting, this review aims to summarize recent advances, and demonstrate that they are aligned by a general principle, namely, strategies may be adopted based on treatment aims for specific patients at several time points. Another aim of this review is to outline the important considerations for using antiplatelet therapy in Asian patients, in whom there is a greater prevalence of CYP2C19 loss-of-function mutations, and a common increased risk of bleeding, despite high platelet reactivity (the so-called “East Asian Paradox”).
Scientific Paper Presentation : Plenary Session III Sub Theme : Effective Clinical Learning Environment

Jan 10 Introduction Nursing is an art and therefore it requires an exclusive devotion and a hard preparation. Nursing is a practice-based profession. The quality of nursing education depends largely on the quality of the clinical experience. Here comes the significance of an effective clinical learning environment. In the clinical learning environment, there are varieties of influences that can significantly promote and hinder the clinical learning. It is therefore vital that valuable clinical time be utilised effectively and productively.