Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Solutionizing and Aging temperature on the Microstructure of Allvac 718plus

A study on the microstructural evolution of a Ni-based superalloy, Allvac 718Plus, in the forged condition, was performed by varying the solutionizing temperature. Different solutionizing temperatures were chosen to obtain different fractions of the gamma prime (Ni3(Al,Ti,Nb), γ’) and delta (Ni3Nb, δ) phase precipitates. The solutionizing temperatures ranged between 945°C to 1100°C. After solutionizing, the samples were subjected to a standard two-step aging treatment (788°C for 8h followed by 704°C for 8h). The 954°C solutionizing treatment resulted in incomplete dissolution of the γ’ phase and a relatively high volume fraction of the δ phase, which formed preferentially at grain boundaries. The γ’ phase was completely dissolved during each of the other three solutionizing treatments (1000°C, 1050°C, and 1100°C), while the fraction of the δ phase decreased with increasing solutionizing temperature. The 1100°C solutionizing treatment led to significant growth of the matrix grains (Ni (FCC), γ).
Origin of the OFF state variability in ReRAM cells

This work exploits the switching dynamics of nanoscale resistive random access memory (ReRAM) cells with particular emphasis on the origin of the observed variability when cells are consecutively cycled/programmed at distinct memory states. It is demonstrated that this variance is a common feature of all ReRAM elements and is ascribed to the formation and rupture of conductive filaments that expand across the active core, independently of the material employed as the active switching core, the causal physical switching mechanism, the switching mode (bipolar/unipolar) or even the unit cells' dimensions. Our hypothesis is supported through both experimental and theoretical studies on TiO2 and In2O3 : SnO2 (ITO) based ReRAM cells programmed at three distinct resistive states. Our prototypes employed TiO2 or ITO active cores over 5 × 5 µm2 and 100 × 100 µm2 cell areas, with all tested devices demonstrating both unipolar and bipolar switching modalities. In the case of TiO2-based cells, the underlying switching mechanism is based on the non-uniform displacement of ionic species that foster the formation of conductive filaments. On the other hand, the resistive switching observed in the ITO-based devices is considered to be due to a phase change mechanism. The selected experimental parameters allowed us to demonstrate that the observed programming variance is a common feature of all ReRAM devices, proving that its origin is dependent upon randomly oriented local disorders within the active core that have a substantial impact on the overall state variance, particularly for high-resistive states.
Nonreciprocal millimeter-wave devices using a solid-state plasma at room temperature

We have demonstrated nonreciprocal millimeter-wave properties, first observed by us, in a waveguide loaded with a thin slab of n-InSb at room temperature by the construction of three kinds of nonreciprocal devices, all operating at W-band frequencies. Measurements have shown that the nonreciprocal properties previously observed at K-band are indeed maintained from the microwave to the millimeter-wave region and the characteristics of our devices are comparable with those we developed at K-band frequencies. These results show that the development of practical solid-state wide-band nonreciprocal millimeter-wave devices should be possible.
Study of silicon photonics based on standard CMOS foundry

Silicon photonics can found applications in optical interconnects and optical signal processing. Recent years, silicon photonics was developed rapidly. In this paper, we report our research work on silicon photonics. Based on the standard CMOS foundry, we studied the silicon waveguides and related photonic components.
Manuscript Impact on Prognosis of Different Anatomical Hepatectomy Approaches for Single Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Segment VI

Background. Liver resection is effective for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). For a single HCC in subsegment 6 (S6), segmentectomy of S6, S5 (S6+5) and segmentectomy of S6, S7 (S6+7) are the common anatomical surgical procedures. However, the benefit of the two resection methods has not been clarified in this patient subgroup. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of S6+5 resection and S6+7 resection for single, early HCC located on S6 of the liver. Methods. In total, 115 patients with single HCC in S6 without vascular invasion and distant metastasis were included in this study. The patients were divided into the S6+5 group (n=73) and S6+7 group (n=42). A one-to-one propensity score-matching analysis (PSM) was performed to minimize the effect of potential confounders. Results. Forty patients from each group were matched. The preoperative factors were balanced between the two groups. The 1-, 2-, and 3-year overall survival (OS) rates in the S6+5 group were 92.3%, 82.1%, and 76.8%, respectively, and in the S6+7 group were 94.5%, 91.6% and 88.6%, respectively (p=0.197). The 1-, 2-, and 3-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates in the S6+5 group were 71.9%, 61.6%, and 58.9%, respectively, and in the S6+7 group were 83.5%, 77.7% and 68.8%, respectively (p=0.432). There were no significant differences in the recurrence pattern and postoperative recovery of liver function. The surgical procedure was not a significant risk factor for the OS and RFS in both the uni- and multivariate analyses. Conclusion. S6+5 and S6+7 resection achieved similar outcomes for early-stage solitary HCC in S6.
Fostering Advances in Mechatronics and Robotics Resorting to Simulation

Abstract This paper presents the modelling and simulation of a wheeled mobile robot designed to operate in structured environments and the development of robot software based on its simulation. The mobile robot was simulated resorting to the SimTwo, a custom made simulator developed by the authors with the purpose to test and produce control software for industrial, humanoid and wheeled robots. The presented example is in the field of edutainment robotics, being presented the localization and navigation in a Fire Fight Robot Contest arena of an omnidirectional mobile robot equipped with brushless motors and infra-red distance sensors. Edutainment robotics plays an important role in education due to the inherent multi-disciplinary concepts that are involved, motivating students to technological areas. It also plays an important role in research and development, because it is expected that the outcomes that will emerge here, will later be transfered to other application areas, such as service robots and manufacturing.
Novel rotor-flux observer using observer characteristic function in complex vector space for field-oriented induction motor drives

This paper proposes a new strategy to estimate the rotor flux of an induction machine. The electrical model of the induction machine presents the basic idea based on an observer structure, which is composed of a voltage model and a current model. However, the former has the defects of sensitivity to machine parameters in the low-speed range, and the latter also has defects that are sensitive to the machine parameters in wide-speed range. In spite of these shortcomings, the closed-loop flux observer based on two models has been a prevalent estimation method for direct field-oriented control. In this paper, a generalized analysis method called the "observer characteristic function method" is proposed to analyze all kinds of the linear flux observers in an unified form. By the observer characteristic function being utilized, the estimated rotor-flux error involved in the classical methods can be easily clarified. Moreover, the novel rotor-flux observer based on this analysis is also presented. The proposed flux observer is robust to the offset voltage and to parameter variation. The effectiveness of the novel flux observer has been verified by the numerical analysis and experimental results.
Low-voltage, low-power operational transconductance amplifier using novel current-mirrors

ABSTRACT In this paper, a new complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) low-voltage, low-power operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) using current-reuse-current- mirror (CRCM) based on chartered 0.18 μm CMOS technology is presented. Because of the new CRCM technique and negative resistance load used in the OTA, the post-layout simulation results demonstrate that the CRCM OTA achieves DC gain of 48.1 dB, gain-bandwidth product of 117 MHz, phase margin of 62°; while the power consumption is only 45.58 μW with ± 0.7 V supply voltages. Moreover, in the current-reuse stage, the passive resistors are replaced by n-channel MOS transistors, which not only make the OTA consists of only active MOS transistors, but also make the DC gain of the OTA can be electronically and continuously controlled by the bias voltage, and the tuning range is from 0 to 48.1 dB. The chip area including test pads is only 0.09×0.12 mm2. The cadence post-layout simulation results are provided to verify all the theoretical analysis.
Development of Mesoscale Actuator Device with Microinterlocking Mechanism

A novel proof-of-concept prototype Mesoscale Actuator Device (MAD) is described in this paper. The MAD is similar to piezoelectric driven inchworm motors with the exception that mechanically interlocking microridges replace the traditional frictional clamping mechanisms. The interlocked microridges, microfabricated from single crystal silicon, are shown to support macroscopic loads with exact values dependent upon manufacturing processes. Tests conducted on the current design demonstrate that the interlocked microridges support 16 MPa in shear or that two sets of 3 x 5 mm locked chips support a 50 kgf. Operation of a prototype MAD device containing microridges is accomplished at relatively large frequencies using an open loop control signal. Synchronizing the locking and unlocking of the microridges with the elongating and contracting actuator requires a dedicated waveform in the voltage signal supplied and permitted large operational frequencies. The system was successfully operated from 0.2 Hz to 500 Hz corresponding to speeds from 2,um/s to 5 mm/s. The upper limit (500 Hz) was imposed by software limitations and not related to physical limitations of the current device.
Development and calibration of a submillimeter three-component force sensor

A sub-millimeter three-component force sensor is developed using silicon microfabrication technology. A polysilicon cross-beam, 300 micrometer by 300 micrometer, with twelve piezoresistive strain gauges integrated on it, is the elastic element of the sensor. The strains detected by the strain gauges are measures of the three orthogonal components of the force applied at the center of the cross-beam. For calibration purposes, electromagnetic forces are generated on an aluminum cross-beam that is suspended over the sensor structure. A 10 (mu) N resolution is obtained for each of the three force components.
Using Learners’ Internal States to Drive Feedback Decisions

The overarching goal of learner assessments is to identify areas of skill and deficit and to use this infor-mation to guide future instruction or error correction through feedback. To date, a variety of methods have been used to better understand individual learners. However, the tools used to assess learners’ internal states have only allowed researchers to infer these states and, as a result, the information provided lacks the prescriptive specificity needed to most appropriately address learners’ needs. The technological advances of current neuro-physiological measures may provide such specificity in real-time learning environments. These data show preliminary support for the use of electroencephalography measurements of workload and engagement to predict learning and knowledge acquisition. Additionally, the data suggest that the relation-ship between these two internal states may differ based on the level of information being assessed.
Principle and Experimental Study of Human Energy Harvesting Through Piezoelectric Ceramic

When under pressure, the piezoelectric materials produce electric charge on its surface, the foot continuously produce pressure on the earth when human is walking, if the shoes fitted with piezoelectric ceramics, piezoelectric ceramics is continuously under pressure, and Continuously generate charge, The electrical energy is stored by the electrical energy storage circuit, after be stabilized, the electrical energy can recharge the rechargeable battery. This paper studies the body acquisition principle of the piezoelectric ceramic energy, the piezoelectric ceramic energy acquisition experimental setup is designed, the device structure is simple, experiments were carried out, and experimental results show that the device is ideal for charging to the mobile electronics, power or other portable medical devices power.
A coupled field-circuit approach to 3D FEM analysis of electromechanical devices

In this paper the use of a 3D finite element method (FEM) coupled to a circuit approach is proposed for the analysis of electromechanical devices. This method consists in the evaluation of equivalent circuit parameters through a set of field analysis. The approach has been applied to industrial devices: an electromagnetic actuator and a synchronous machine (claw-pole) and the obtained results are compared to experimental ones.
Physical Modelling of Hydrodynamic Loads on Piggyback Pipelines in Combined Wave and Current Conditions

One of the aspects of pipeline design is ensuring pipeline stability on the seabed under the action of environmental loads. During the 1980s, significant efforts were made to improve the understanding of hydrodynamic loads on single pipeline configurations on the seabed (Reference 1). The stability of piggyback (bundled) pipeline configurations is less well understood, with little quantitative data readily available to the design engineer for practical application in engineering problems (References 2–6). This paper describes an extensive set of physical model tests performed for piggyback on-seabed and piggyback-raised-from seabed (spanning or lifting pipeline) configurations to determine hydrodynamic forces in combined wave and current conditions. The piggyback is nominally in the 12 o’clock position. The well-established carriage technique was used, in order to obtain data for use in full-scale stability modelling. The model tests are benchmarked against existing test data, to confirm the validity of the test method. Key findings are presented in terms of non-dimensional coefficients, and force time histories for the vertical and horizontal forces. A brief interpretation of the hydrodynamic load behaviour of the Piggyback System is provided by considering the physical flow mechanisms causing the force time history variation; furthermore the influence of the seabed separation on the piggyback loads is also discussed.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Solution of Travelling Salesman Problem Using Ant Colony Algorithm

Recently some studies have been revealed by inspiring from animals which live as colonies in the nature. Ant Colony System is one of these studies. This system is a meta-heuristic method which has been developed based upon food searching characteristics of the ant colonies. Ant Colony System is applied in a lot of discrete optimization problems such as travelling salesman problem. In this study solving the travelling salesman problem using ant colony system is aimed.
A Study on Distance Measurement Module for Driving Vehicle Velocity Estimation in Multi-Lanes Using Drones

A method of estimating driving vehicle information usually uses a speed gun and a fixed speed camera. Estimating vehicle information using the speed gun has a high risk of traffic accidents by the operator and the fixed speed camera is not efficient in terms of installation cost and maintenance. The existing driving vehicle information estimation method can only measure each lane’s driving vehicle information, so it is impossible to measure multi-lanes simultaneously with a single measuring device. This study develops a distance measurement module that can acquire driving vehicle information in multi-lanes simultaneously with a single system using a drone. The distance measurement module is composed of two LiDAR sensors to detect the driving vehicle in one lane. The drone is located above the edge of the road and each LiDAR sensor emits the front/rear point of the road measuring point to detect the driving vehicle. The driving vehicle velocity is estimated by detecting the driving vehicle’s detection distance and transit time through radiation, with the drone LiDAR sensor placed at two measurement points on the road. The drone LiDAR sensor radiates two measuring points on the road and estimates the velocity based on driving vehicle’s detection distance and driving time. As an experiment, the velocity accuracy of the drone driving vehicle is compared with the speed gun measurement. The vehicle velocity RMSE for the first and second lanes using drones is 0.75 km/h and 1.3 km/h, respectively. The drone and the speed gun’s average error probabilities are 1.2% and 2.05% in the first and second lanes, respectively. The developed drone is more efficient than existing driving vehicle measurement equipment because it can acquire information on the driving vehicle in a dark environment and a person’s safety.
Generation of high-speed waveforms using nonlinear delay lines

In nonlinear delay lines employing back biased p-n junctions as variable capacitors, the velocity of propagation is a function of signal amplitude. This effect may be used to produce short-risetime pulses which may be of high repetition rate. Two circuit applications are discussed, these being the processing of sinewaves to produce fast-edge triangular pulses, and also the processing of long-risetime pulses to produce short-risetime pulses. The analysis employed is in the time domain, and stems from linear delay-line theory, relying upon certain qualifications and restrictions being imposed when applied to nonlinear delay lines. This approach produces good agreement with experimental results. The questions of `ringing? and overshoot are discussed in some detail, and design criteria are obtained for eliminating these undesirable features from delay lines.
Role of the Internet in the Health-Seeking Behaviour of Parents of Children Under-Five During Fever

Introduction: Internet has revolutionized the way the world accesses information and it is common for parents of young children to use the Internet to seek medical advice when their child is ill. There is very little data on how this influences the subsequent management of the illness. The aim of this study was to study the role of the Internet in the health-seeking behaviour of parents of under-five children during fever. Methodology: 250 parents of children under five, with fever who presented to the Paediatric OPD were interviewed with a semi-structured questionnaire on their health-seeking behaviour and internet utilisation for health information. A semistructured questionnaire was used to interview the parents. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 16.0. Results: 54.4% parents used the Internet for health information.78. 68% go through the first few sites shown by the search engine without knowing the name of the site or the credibility of the source. Internet-users were more likely to use a thermometer to record body temperature and know the temperature that denoted fever. There was no difference in the health seeking behaviour or initial action taken at home in the two groups. The positive health-care seeking behaviour of the mother was found to be related only to her education. Conclusion: A large group of parents use the Internet for health information but do not know how to assess the credibility of the sources. Most parents used the information only to supplement the doctors’ advice and not as a replacement.
GRACEFUL PERFORMANCE DEGRADATION IN ACTIVE FAULT-TOLERANT CONTROL SYSTEMS

Abstract In this paper, a new design approach is proposed for active Fault-Tolerant Control Systems (FTCS), which allows one to explicitly incorporate possible graceful performance degradation into the design process. The method is based on explicit model-following and reference input adjustment techniques. The performance degradation is represented through a reference model. Only actuator faults are considered herein. When a fault is detected by the Fault Detection and Diagnosis (FDD) algorithm, the reconfigurable controller will be designed automatically so that the dynamics of the closed-loop system match that of the reference model. The system command input is also adjusted on-line to prevent the actuators from saturating during the initial period of controller reconfiguration. An eigenstructure assignment technique has been used for designing feedback part of the reconfigurable controller. The proposed method has been evaluated using lateral dynamics of an F-8 aircraft subject to actuator failures and constraints on the actuator dynamic ranges. Satisfactory results have been obtained.
Identification and Estimation of Heterogeneous Survivor Average Causal Effect in Observational Studies

Clinical studies often encounter truncation by death, which may render certain outcomes undefined. Statistical analysis based solely on observed survivors may lead to biased results because the characteristics of survivors may differ between treatment groups. Under the principal stratification framework, a meaningful causal parameter called the survivor average causal effect can be defined in the alwayssurvivors subpopulation. This causal parameter may not be identifiable in observational studies, where treatment assignment and the survival or outcome processes are confounded by unmeasured factors. In this paper, we propose a novel method for handling unmeasured confounding when outcomes are truncated by death. First, a novel method is proposed to identify the heterogeneous survivor average causal effect based on a substitutional variable. Second, under additional assumptions, the survivor average causal effect on the overall population is identified. Furthermore, we consider estimation and inference for the conditional survivor average causal effect based on parametric and nonparametric methods with asymptotic properties. Good finite-sample properties are demonstrated through simulations and sensitivity analyses. The proposed method is applied to investigate the effects of allogeneic stem cell transplantation on leukemia relapse.
Impact of City Urban Patterns on Building Energy Use: Al-Ain City as a Case Study for Hot-Arid Climates

Architects frequently face problems in choosing the most appropriate solar orientation for a building due to the constraints imposed by urban grid patterns. Urban patterns are usually designed according to urban criteria that do not address issues such as orientation, building-cluster, solar access and loading. This problem causes thermal discomfort for building occupants in spaces oriented to west and east directions, resulting from radiant temperature, as well as higher use of cooling energy. The study focuses on the orientation, form (surface area) of the building and location and number of windows on the building elevations. An energy simulation program “ENERFACE” is used to analyze the selected buildings in Al-Ain City, UAE. The cooling energy utilized per m2 and the total energies use as a result of different orientations were reported. Results show how the urban patterns could provide a better guide for architects to control the energy use in buildings. On the design level, the study concludes that the total annual energy use (kWh/fear) and the annual cost/m2 could be minimized when the location of windows are kept only on two elevations of the building and the relative orientation of these elevations is 60° North-East. This reduction is about 55%.