Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Re.: "In memoriam: Mervyn Susser, MB, BCh, DPH".

2323–2328. 5. Zhang ZJ, Zheng ZJ, Shi R, et al. Metformin for liver cancer prevention in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;97(7): 2347–2353. 6. Smiechowski BB, Azoulay L, Yin H, et al. The use of metformin and the incidence of lung cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(1):124–129. 7. Ruiter R, Visser LE, van Herk-Sukel MP, et al. Lower risk of cancer in patients on metformin in comparison with those on sulfonylurea derivatives: results from a large populationbased follow-up study. Diabetes Care. 2012;35(1): 119–124. 8. Ferrara A, Lewis JD, Quesenberry CP Jr, et al. Cohort study of pioglitazone and cancer incidence in patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2011;34(4):923–929. 9. Mazzone PJ, Rai H, Beukemann M, et al. The effect of metformin and thiazolidinedione use on lung cancer in diabetics. BMC Cancer. 2012;12:410. 10. Hsieh MC, Lee TC, Cheng SM, et al. The influence of type 2 diabetes and glucose-lowering therapies on cancer risk in the Taiwanese. Exp Diabetes Res. 2012;2012:413782. 11. Libby G, Donnelly LA, Donnan PT, et al. New users of metformin are at low risk of incident cancer: a cohort study among people with type 2 diabetes.Diabetes Care. 2009;32(9): 1620–1625. 12. Tsilidis KK, Capothanassi D, Allen NE, et al. Metformin does not affect cancer risk: a cohort study in the U.K. Clinical Practice Research Datalink analyzed like an intention-to-treat trial. Diabetes Care. 2014;37(9):2522–2532. 13. van Walraven C, Davis D, Forster AJ, et al. Time-dependent bias was common in survival analyses published in leading clinical journals. J Clin Epidemiol. 2004;57(7): 672–682. 14. Beyersmann J, Gastmeier P, Wolkewitz M, et al. An easy mathematical proof showed that time-dependent bias inevitably leads to biased effect estimation. J Clin Epidemiol. 2008; 61(12):1216–1221. 15. Ioannou GN, Boyko EJ. Metformin and colorectal cancer risk in diabetic patients. Diabetes Care. 2011;34(10):2336–2337. 16. Zhang ZJ, Li S. The prognostic value of metformin for cancer patients with concurrent diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2014;16(8): 707–710.
A feedback solution to ball-plate problem based on time-state control form

Presents a feedback control for the so-called ball-plate dextrous manipulation problem. The problem deals with a rigid sphere held between a pair of parallel plates, which are moved directly by external command (i.e., the translational velocity of the plates is assigned as control inputs). The control objective is to place the sphere at any desired position in any desired orientation. Since the position control problem and the orientation control problem can be solved separately and we have solved the former one in previous works, this paper concentrates on the orientation control problem. The problem is formulated as a stabilizing problem of this driftless system, which cannot be stabilized by any continuous state feedback. We have proposed a "time-state control" strategy as a practical feedback-based control for such systems, however, the orientation control problem cannot be solved by direct application of the time-state control strategy. We show that the obstruction is settled by iteratively executing the time-state control strategy. The authors also realized a dextrous manipulation system using a 5-DOF manipulator with an image processing system, and performed some laboratory experiments. The results are reported at the end of the paper.
A Framework to Investigate Android Permissions for Malware Detection

the android security model is based on an authorization and sandbox manner. Each application runs in its own Dalvik Virtual Machine with a unique ID assigned to application. This prevents an application from using information/data of another application. Although Android is most widely used, there exists a lack of applications in order to completely benefit from this operating system. Thus, third party application developers create new applications and launch them in the Android Market. This permits users access to thousands of applications; it is however important that the user needs to totally trust the applications before installing them. It is for this reason that every application publishes the permissions that it requires during installation. The user can either grant all permissions or deny all, in which case, the installation of the application is aborted. In order to distribute these applications Google came up with Android Market. Here users can access both paid and free applications. Every Android phone has this application and hence users can browse and download any application they entail from Android Market. However, there have been many malicious applications published in Android Market. Hence it means a necessity for Google to test each and every application and fresh the Android Market by eradicating malwares. It is also important to see to it that the loopholes and bugs of current applications are not exploited by hackers. One way in which an attacker can entice users to download the malevolent software is by repackaging applications using reverse engineering tools. The attacker changes the code in order to incorporate the spiteful code and repackages the application and publishes them in the app market. Users typically cannot differentiate between the malware application and the legitimate application and thereby end up installing the malware. Reverse Engineering is a process with the aid of which we can discover and understand the complete working of an application by learning its function, structure and functions. In this project the tools we use for reverse engineering are AdvanceApkTool, Dex-Manger, DextoJar and Jd-Gui KeywordsAndroid app, Application PacKage File, APK files structure, Android’s four-layer model
A model for the origin and development of visual orientation selectivity

Orientation selectivity is a key property of primary visual cortex that contributes, downstream, to object recognition. The origin of orientation selectivity, however, has been debated for decades. It is known that on- and off-centre subcortical pathways converge onto single neurons in primary visual cortex, and that the spatial offset between these pathways gives rise to orientation selectivity. On- and off-centre pathways are intermingled, however, so it is unclear how their inputs to cortex come to be spatially segregated. We here describe a model in which the segregation occurs through Hebbian strengthening and weakening of geniculocortical synapses during the development of the visual system. Our findings include the following. 1. Neighbouring on- and off-inputs to cortex largely cancelled each other at the start of development. At each receptive field location, the Hebbian process increased the strength of one input sign at the expense of the other sign, producing a spatial segregation of on- and off-inputs. 2. The resulting orientation selectivity was precise in that the bandwidths of the orientation tuning functions fell within empirical estimates. 3. The model produced maps of preferred orientation–complete with iso-orientation domains and pinwheels–similar to those found in real cortex. 4. These maps did not originate in cortical processes, but from clustering of off-centre subcortical pathways and the relative location of neighbouring on-centre clusters. We conclude that a model with intermingled on- and off-pathways shaped by Hebbian synaptic plasticity can explain both the origin and development of orientation selectivity.
Delftvisor: A network hypervisor for Openflow 1.3: Network virtualization for Openflow 1.3

Openflow is the emerging standard for Software Defined Networking, it allows users to perform routing and run their applications on the network. Such applications can perform diverse tasks such as making Quality of Service guarantees and monitoring/firewalling the network. Most companies don't actually own datacenters and servers anymore, they rent virtual machines from other companies. Such companies may be interested in accessing the Openflow capabilities of switches in the datacenter, but off course shouldn't they be allowed to push a rule that drops all traffic from a competitor. A Hypervisor can help out in these instances, allowing multiple tenants to use a physical network while guaranteeing that they can't influence each other. This thesis presents a hypervisor for Openflow 1.3, allowing multiple tenants to use Openflow 1.3 features of without allowing them to influence each others traffic and allowing the network operator to hide network implementation details. A proof of concept implementation is also provided to test the ideas presented in this thesis.
THE INFLUENCE OF TIME BUDGET PRESSURE ON DYSFUNCTIONAL AUDIT BEHAVIOUR Muslim

Public accounting profession is required to provide assurance to users that the information reported in the financial statements are reliable. Auditor as professional workers have to use the professional skills carefully and thoroughly in carrying out audit. Auditor have to own knowledge, accounting skills and good personal quality will be reflected in the behaviour of their profession. Behaviour public accountant proficiency is existed to avoid dysfunctional audit. This is related with the time budget preparation, which is time budget is required to determine audit costing and measure the effectiveness of auditors performance. Furthermore, the tight time budget is able to cause auditors felt in the time budget pressure when they are conducting audit program as a result of an imbalance between the available time of audit assignment and time required for completion of audit program. Time budget pressure is one of the pressure that perceived which potentially reduces the performance of auditors in carrying out audit tasks. In principle, the dysfunctional audit behaviour is influenced by several factors one of them is time budget pressure. Time budget pressure able to cause pressure for the auditors in completing the audit assignment and further encourage auditors conduct dysfunctional audit behaviour. If the time budget pressure that perceived the auditor is higher, so that the tendency of auditor to conduct dysfunctional audit behaviour in completing the assignment is increasing. Therefore, the issues examined in this study is whether there is influence of time budget pressure on dysfunctional audit behaviour. This study was conducted on 183 Public Accounting Firm in Indonesia by using descriptive verification research method. The hypothesis are analysed by regression. The result showed that has influence the time budget pressure on dysfunctional audit behaviour.
Middle school students’ use of appropriate and inappropriate evidence in writing scientific explanations

Contents: Preface. Part I: Reasoning About Uncertainty and Variation. A. Masnick, D. Klahr, B. Morris, Separating Signal From Noise: Children's Understanding of Error and Variability in Experimental Outcomes. C. Schunn, L. Saner, S. Kirschenbaum, J.G. Trafton, E.B. Littleton, Complex Visual Data Analysis, Uncertainty, and Representation. S. Trickett, J.G. Trafton, L. Saner, C. Schunn, "I Don't Know What's Going on There": The Use of Spatial Transformations to Deal With and Resolve Uncertainty in Complex Visualizations. B. delMas, Y. Liu, Students' Conceptual Understanding of the Standard Deviation. J. Garfield, B. delMas, B. Chance, Using Students' Informal Notions of Variability to Develop an Understanding of Formal Measures of Variability. R. Lehrer, L. Schauble, Contrasting Emerging Conceptions of Distribution in Contexts of Error and Natural Variation. G. Leinhardt, J. Larreamendy-Joerns, Discussion of Part I: Variation in the Meaning and Learning of Variation. Part II: Statistical Reasoning and Data Analysis. K. Dunbar, J. Fugelsang, C. Stein, Do Naive Theories Ever Go Away? Using Brain and Behavior to Understand Changes in Concepts. P. Thompson, Y. Liu, L. Saldanha, Intricacies of Statistical Inference and Teachers' Understandings of Them. K. McNeill, J. Krajcik, Middle School Students' Use of Appropriate and Inappropriate Evidence in Writing Scientific Explanations. C. Konold, Designing a Data Analysis Tool for Learners. M. Lovet, N. Chang, Data-Analysis Skills: What and How Are Students Learning? D.L. Schwartz, D. Sears, J. Chang, Reconsidering Prior Knowledge. K. Koedinger, Discussion of Part II: Statistical Reasoning and Data Analysis. Part III: Learning From and Making Decisions With Data. D. Danks, Causal Learning From Observations and Manipulations. P. Sedlmeier, Statistical Reasoning: Valid Intuitions Put to Use. W.B. de Bruin, J. Downs, B. Fischhoff, Adolescents' Thinking About the Risks of Sexual Behaviors. M. Burrage, M. Epstein, P. Shah, Discussion of Part III: Learning From and Making Decisions About Data.
The National Cancer Institute’s Plated Compound Sets Can Be a Valuable Resource for Academic Researchers

Academic researchers looking for material to screen may benefit from plated compound collections provided at no cost except shipping by the U.S. National Cancer Institute (NCI). Four plated sets are available, two of which comprise diverse synthetic compounds. These collections, of ~900 and ~1500 compounds, are a convenient size to screen without automated equipment, and a great deal of data about the compounds is available that increases their usefulness. Despite these positive attributes, the collections contain a relatively large number of compounds that are pan-assay interfering and nonspecific (PAINS) or may have other chemical liabilities. Our experience with the compound collections suggests that, perhaps because they contain PAINS and other compounds with liabilities, the collections will yield hits in many assays. This makes them a valuable resource for testing primary screens and follow-up workflows, but by the same token means that hits might not be attractive leads for further development. The NCI sets have a great deal of value for academic researchers as a source of material for early screening. It might be possible, however, to create a better collection specifically for this purpose. One possibility is to pool ~5000–10,000 carefully selected lead-like compounds into ~1000 wells. A collection like this might also generate hits in a wide variety of assays but avoid the downside of those hits often having liabilities.
System Model and Performance Evaluation of Single-Stage Buck–Boost-Type Manitoba Inverter for PV Applications

This article presents a control methodology for a recently proposed single-stage buck–boost-type inverter in photovoltaic (PV) applications. A wide range of input voltage is covered, and the dc power is effectively converted into the grid power within a single-stage system. However, from the topological characteristics, a ${ C\! L}$ filter is always formed at the system output, which results in a resonance pole in the control system. In the PV system, the panel output voltage keeps varying. Under the traditional control method, stability issues may occur, which poses a challenge to controller design. Thus, targeting PV applications, a comprehensive control methodology is presented in this article. Under such a control scheme, a high-quality ac grid power is guaranteed and the power conversion is maintained in a stable manner. Meanwhile, the maximum power point (MPP) of PV panels is always tracked and no additional current sensor is required in the MPP tracking (MPPT) design. In this article, a detailed system analysis is presented, which includes the system modeling and the stability evaluation. The performance of the presented control methodology is experimentally verified in a 750-W PV inverter platform. Both steady state and dynamic characteristics are in good agreement with theoretical knowledge.
A Speed PMSM Control Technique With a Single DC Bus current Sensor

In this paper, we propose a speed Permanent Magnetic Synchronous Machine (PMSM) sensorless control technique. The approach is based on the measurement of the DC Bus current. A reconstruction phase current algorithm is developed and presented. This algorithm is mainly based on the switches' control signals of the inverter generated by the SVPWM. However the phase current reconstruction with a standard SVPWM induces some dead zones. So, the measurement of the DC Bus current is not possible due to the fact that the duration time of the active voltage vector is shorter than the minimum time necessary for the current acquisition. To overcome this issue, we propose an Adjusted SVPWM control strategy which allows a reliable reconstruction of the phases currents.
Similarity and Relevance of Court Decisions: A Computational Study on CJEU Cases

Identification of relevant or similar court decisions is a core activity in legal decision making for case law researchers and practitioners. With an ever increasing body of case law, a manual analysis of court decisions can become practically impossible. As a result, some decisions are inevitably overlooked. Alternatively, network analysis may be applied to detect relevant precedents and landmark cases. Previous research suggests that citation networks of court decisions frequently provide relevant precedents and landmark cases. The advent of text similarity measures (both syntactic and semantic) has meant that potentially relevant cases can be identified without the need to manually read them. However, how close do these measures come to approximating the notion of relevance captured in the citation network? In this contribution, we explore this question by measuring the level of agreement of state-of-the-art text similarity algorithms with the citation behavior in the case citation network. For this paper, we focus on judgements by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) as published in the EUR-Lex database. Our results show that similarity of the full texts of CJEU court decisions does not closely mirror citation behaviour, there is a substantial overlap. In particular, we found syntactic measures surprisingly outperform semantic ones in approximating the citation network.
Falscher Fokus – Schmerz und Nozizeption

einleitung Schmerz und Nozizeption sind nicht das Gleiche. Alter Hut, denken Sie? Warum versuchen dann viele Therapeuten in der Praxis noch immer, Schmerzen vor allem über die Hemmung der Nozizeption zu lindern? Die Kernaussage der Autorin: Physiotherapeuten zielen mit ihren Techniken auf nozizeptive Prozesse und bilden sich ein, wenn sie die Nozizeption behandeln, geht automatisch der Schmerz weg –, weil sie glauben, dass die Ursache von Schmerz nozizeptive Prozesse sind. So wurden sie erzogen und im Auffinden von neuromuskuloskeletalen Dysfunktionen geschult. Sie wissen aber nicht, wie nozizeptive Prozesse und Schmerz zusammenhängen! Ein Beispiel aus dem täglichen Leben gefällig? Die Autorin begegnet täglich gut aussehenden, sportlichen, witzigen und charmanten Männern. Das sind Inputs an ihr System. Ab und zu führen diese Inputs zu Emotionen: Sie verliebt sich. Wann? Warum? Wie? Warum manchmal nicht? Um diese Fragen geht es auch beim Schmerz! Etwas ist klar: es ist nicht linear, A führt zu B, und es ist nicht A = B. Das erfolgreiche Behandeln von akuten und chronischen Schmerzpatienten bleibt eine große Herausforderung für die Kliniker, denn immerhin leidet ungefähr ein Fünftel der Menschen westlicher Länder an einem anhaltenden Schmerzproblem [3]. Um das Phänomen Schmerz besser verstehen zu können, wurde in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten eine immense Anzahl von Grundlagenstudien an Tieren und Menschen durchgeführt, die detaillierte Erkenntnisse über Abläufe im Nervensystem auf Gewebe-, Zellund molekularer Ebene lieferten. Zudem wurden die Untersuchungsmethoden immer besser: Mit bildgebenden Verfahren lassen sich inzwischen Gewebe bis ins kleinste Detail nach potenziellen Triggern nozizeptiver Prozesse untersuchen. Mit der funktionellen Magnetresonanztomografie (fMRT) ist es sogar möglich, die durch nozizeptive Reize im ZNS in Gang gesetzten physischen Prozesse zu messen. Parallel dazu haben sich auch die manualtherapeutischen Fähigkeiten verfeinert. In der Ausund Weiterbildung lernen Physiotherapeuten exzellent, neuromuskuloskeletale Dysfunktionen zu spüren. Das Problem ist jedoch: Die genaueste Erfassung des Schmerzes von Patienten ergibt sich, indem sie selbst ihren Schmerz beschreiben: aus der sogenannten „First-Person-Perspektive“ (▶ Abb. 1). Diese bis dato beste Methode, den Schmerz von Patienten zu messen, bleibt auch dann noch ungenau, wenn der Zuhörer selbst einmal ein ähnliches Schmerzereignis erlebt hat. Das
Female hunger can explain variation in cannibalistic behavior despite male sacrifice in redback spiders

Male Australian redback spiders (Latrodtctus hassetti ThorelL Tberidiidae) place their abdomens directly over their mate's mouthparts during copulation, increasing the likelihood of sexual cannibalism. Male sacrifice may be adaptive because cannibalized males increase their paternity relative to those that are not eaten. Despite male sacrifice behavior, however, up to 50% of laboratory matings may end without sexual ranni^alinn Here, I report a similar pattern in the field, where males were not cannibalized in 35% of observed matings (6/17). I examined variation in female cannibalistic behavior by evaluating the following three hypotheses for the occurrence of cannibalism from the female perspective: (1) the mistaken identity hypothesis proposes that females sometimes cannibalize males because they Tnif**^ them for prey, (2) the mate rejection hypothesis predicts that females cannibalize males who are unacceptable as mates, and (S) the feeding opportunism hypothesis predicts that hungry females are more likely to be cannibalistic Field observations refuted die first two hypotheses: females recognized males as potential mates (i.e., nonprey), and cannibalized and noncannibalized males were not phenotypically different. The feeding opportunism hypothesis was supported. In staged field matings, cannibalistic females were hungrier than their noncannibaUstic counter-parts. Moreover, a logistic regression analysis indicated that hunger was a significant predictor of cannibalism. Because redback males are below the typical prey size that females accept, well-fed females are less likely to consume their mates, despite the vulnerable mating posture. These results indicate that, although males facilitate sexual cannibalism, their fate may depend on the female's physical condition.
Genetics of gene expression in conifers

V TABLE OF CONTENT. VII LIST OF TABLES . XI LIST OF FIGURES . XIII LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . XV ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . XIX FOREWORD . XXI CHAPTER 1. 1 HERITABLE VARIATION IN GENE EXPRESSION – LESSONS FROM MODEL SYSTEMS . 1 1.1 OVERVIEW OF GENE TRANSCRIPTION . 2 1.1.1 The “Central Dogma” of molecular biology . 2 1.1.2 Transcription of genes . 2 1.1.3 Organization of gene regulatory elements . 3 1.2 STUDYING GENE EXPRESSION AS A QUANTITATIVE TRAIT . 5 1.2.1 Linkage analysis (eQTL) . 6 1.2.2 Hybrid analysis . 8 1.3 HERITABLE EXPRESSION VARIATION IN NATURE . 10 1.3. 1 Evolutionary forces acting on expression variation . 10 1.3. 2 Mutational origin of expression variation . 12 1.3. 3 Cases of adaptive expression traits . 13 1.4 WHAT IS EXPECTED FOR EXPRESSION EVOLUTION IN CONIFERS? 14 1.5 CONIFER TRANSCRIPTOMICS. 15 1.6 THE CONIFER MEGAGAMETOPHYTE AND EMBRYO . 16 1.7 OBJECTIVES AND HYPOTHESES . 17 1.7. 1 Megagametophyte as a biological framework . 17 1.7. 2 Genetic parameters for expression variation in white spruce. 18 1.8 REFERENCES . 19 CHAPTER 2. 27 ARE LONG-LIVED TREES POISED FOR EVOLUTIONARY CHANGE? SINGLE LOCUS EFFECTS IN THE EVOLUTION OF GENE EXPRESSION NETWORKS IN SPRUCE. 27 2.1 ABSTRACT: . 28 2.2 RÉSUMÉ . 29 2.3 INTRODUCTION . 30