Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Production of Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidant Metabolism about Strawberry Leaves to Low Temperatures

This study examined the influence of low temperature on the production of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant metabolism in two strawberry ( Fragaria ananassa Duch.) cultivars (cv. Zoji and Toyonaka). Low temperature treatment was imposed by maintaining the plants at 0? for 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h in an artificial intelligent growth chamber. During the period of low temperature treatments, the activities of peroxidative (POD), superoxide disumutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), dehydroascorbate (DHAR), glutathione reductase (GR), the production of O 2 - and H 2 O 2 , as well as the contents of antioxidant such as dehydroascorbate and reduced glutathione were up-regulated exception of the contents of ascorabte and chlorophyll in compared with the control. Meanwhile, cv. Toyonaka showed more tolerant to low temperatures than cv. Zoji since it showed higher activities of antioxidative enzymes, more contents of osmolytes (proline and soluble sugar) and less lipid peroxidation during the low temperature treatments. The present study suggested that plant had signal molecules sensing the environmental stress, following erecting its defensive system protective them against the damage caused by stress environment. However, if the stress were too powerful, plants could not response to acclimate that stress, the plants would be injured or even be dead finally. In the two cultivars examined, cv. Toyonaka has a more efficient antioxidant system against low temperature than cv. Zoji.
Radiation-driven outflows in AGNs: revisiting feedback effects of scattered and reprocessed photons

We perform 2D hydrodynamical simulations of slowly rotating accretion flows in the region of $0.01\! -\! 7\, \mathrm{pc}$ around a supermassive black holes with $M_\mathrm{BH} = 10^{8} \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$. The accretion flow is irradiated by the photons from the central active galactic nucleus (AGN). In addition to the direct radiation from the AGN, we have also included the ‘re-radiation’, i.e. the locally produced radiation by Thomson scattering, line, and bremsstrahlung radiation. Compare to our previous work, we have improved the calculation of radiation force due to the Thomson scattering of X-ray photons from the central AGN. We find that this improvement can significantly increase the mass flux and velocity of outflow. We have compared the properties of outflow – including mass outflow rate, velocity, and kinetic luminosity of outflow – in our simulation with the observed properties of outflow in AGNs and found that they are in good consistency. This implies that the combination of line and re-radiation forces is the possible origin of observed outflow in luminous AGNs.
Understanding and Improving Platelet-Delivered Factor (F) VIII Hemostatic Efficacy in Hemophilia A Mice

Hemophilia A is the most common, inherited severe bleeding diathesis and is due to a deficiency of functional Factor (F) VIII. Two challenges to current FVIII replacement therapy are maintaining sustained FVIII corrections and treating the 30% population of Hemophilia A patients who develop FVIII inhibitors. Gene therapy promises to be an attractive treatment for hemophilia A as there is a wide therapeutic window for FVIII corrective plasma levels. Since platelets target to hemostatic injuries, ectopically expressed platelet (p) FVIII is an attractive alternative FVIII delivery strategy. We have already shown the effectiveness of platelet human B-domainless factor VIII (phBF8) in the presence of circulating inhibitors in FVIIInull mice. However, the clots formed are unstable and lead to increased embolization with phBF8. This dissertation describes platelet-specific gene therapy using three FVIII variants with enhanced activity: inactivation resistant FVIII (IR8), canine (c) B-domainless FVIII (cBF8), and hBF8R1645H. Each improved clotting efficacy in FVIIInull mice and decreased embolic risk though to different degrees. For example, we found that despite pcBF8 having ~30% antigenic levels of phBF8, it corrected clot instability seen in a cremaster injury model in FVIIInull mice. Since IR8 does not bind FVIII carrier protein, Von Willebrand Factor (vWF), efficiently, we tested the effectiveness of this variant in the presence of circulating FVIII inhibitors, and found that vWF binding was not needed for IR8 to be effective. To understand the cellular mechanism for decreased cBF8 relative to hBF8 expression level in megakaryocytes, we studied mRNA levels and the effect of pcBF8 on megakaryopoiesis and found that the level of cBF8 is related to increased cellular apoptosis. Finally to understand the mechanistic basis of pcBF8 increased hemostatic effectiveness, we examined whether mutation of the cleavage site for the Golgi apparatus enzyme PACE/furin in hBF8 to that of cBF8, which increases the FVIII’s activity, would also enhance hBF8R1645H pFVIII activity and affirm that this occurs. These studies provide new insights into pFVIII during megakaryopoiesis and how to optimize pFVIII hemostatic efficacy that should be useful in translating this therapeutic model to a large animal hemophilia A model and future clinical trials. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Pharmacology First Advisor Dr. Mortimer Poncz
Conserved Gammaherpesvirus Protein Kinase Selectively Promotes Irrelevant B Cell Responses

Gammaherpesviruses are ubiquitous cancer-associated pathogens that usurp the B cell differentiation process to establish life-long latent infection in memory B cells. A unique feature of early gammaherpesvirus infection is the robust increase in differentiation of B cells that are not specific for viral antigens and instead encode antibodies that react with self-antigens and antigens of other species. Viral mechanisms that are involved in driving such irrelevant B cell differentiation are not known. Here, we show that gammaherpesvirus-encoded conserved protein kinase and host IL-1 signaling promote irrelevant B cell responses and gammaherpesvirus-driven germinal center responses, with the latter thought to be the target of viral transformation. ABSTRACT Gammaherpesviruses are ubiquitous pathogens that are associated with B cell lymphomas. In the early stages of chronic infection, these viruses infect naive B cells and subsequently usurp the B cell differentiation process through the germinal center response to ensure latent infection of long-lived memory B cells. A unique feature of early gammaherpesvirus chronic infection is a robust differentiation of irrelevant, virus-nonspecific B cells with reactivities against self-antigens and antigens of other species. In contrast, protective, virus-specific humoral responses do not reach peak levels until a much later time. While several host factors are known to either promote or selectively restrict gammaherpesvirus-driven germinal center response, viral mechanisms that contribute to the irrelevant B cell response have not been defined. In this report we show that the expression and the enzymatic activity of the gammaherpesvirus-encoded conserved protein kinase selectively facilitates the irrelevant, but not virus-specific, B cell responses. Further, we show that lack of interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor attenuates gammaherpesvirus-driven B cell differentiation and viral reactivation. Because germinal center B cells are thought to be the target of malignant transformation during gammaherpesvirus-driven lymphomagenesis, identification of host and viral factors that promote germinal center responses during gammaherpesvirus infection may offer an insight into the mechanism of gammaherpesvirus pathogenesis. IMPORTANCE Gammaherpesviruses are ubiquitous cancer-associated pathogens that usurp the B cell differentiation process to establish life-long latent infection in memory B cells. A unique feature of early gammaherpesvirus infection is the robust increase in differentiation of B cells that are not specific for viral antigens and instead encode antibodies that react with self-antigens and antigens of other species. Viral mechanisms that are involved in driving such irrelevant B cell differentiation are not known. Here, we show that gammaherpesvirus-encoded conserved protein kinase and host IL-1 signaling promote irrelevant B cell responses and gammaherpesvirus-driven germinal center responses, with the latter thought to be the target of viral transformation.
The Need for Accounting Information System to Facilitate Partnership Contracts in Islamic Microfinance Institutions: The Case of Baitul Maal wa Tamwil (BMT) in Indonesia

The development of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia showed a tendency has increased along with improvement of the national economy. Indonesia together with India and China are the three countries in the world who have the highest economic growth within the last 3 years. However, SMEs are still confronted with basic problems such as the limited access to the sources of financing from formal financial institutions, particularly from the banks. This problem causes them to rely on informal sources of financing. Currently, the informal financial institutions are more striking among SMEs because it is more flexible, for example in terms of requirements and the amount of loans that are not as tight as banking. This makes informal financing institutions increasingly popular among small and medium entrepreneurs. One of them that is quite close with SMEs is Islamic Microfinance Institutions or commonly known as Baitul Maal wa Tamwil (BMT). However, both the BMTs and SMEs have difficulties in cooperating each other mainly related to the mastery of information technology to improve efficiency in managing transactions under Shariah (islamic law)-based business contracts. Therefore, the authors urge that the need for accounting information systems to facilitate the contracts. This paper aims to discuss the urgency of drafting a framework for information systems for BMTs to support the operations of partnership contracts. This paper proposes the use of Open Source Software (OSS) as the basis for developing a system that is technically cheaper, more efficient and easy to implement.
New methods to study human mammary development and breast cancer

Breast cancer is fundamentally a disease of aberrant differentiation. Breast cancers arise from within the normal architecture of the mammary gland and resemble normal mammary epithelial cell types on a molecular and gene expression level. Many tumors become dependent on the signaling pathways that guide mammary differentiation and proliferation, and may be driven by transcription factors and signaling pathways that enforce cell state. It's no wonder then that many fundamental insights into breast cancer biology derive from study of the normal mammary gland. Mouse models of mammary gland development have helped identify many of the key genetic and hormonal drivers of mammary differentiation. However, these systems have some limitations. First, study of stem and progenitor cell differentiation decisions has been hampered by a lack of definitive markers of cell state. Second, validation of these pathways in human mammary tissue has been challenging due to a paucity of human model systems. This thesis describes work to overcome these limitations. Here I describe a computational method to identify regulators of cell state transitions without the need for definitive markers of cell state. Using this method, we identified RUNXI as a regulator of mammary stem cell differentiation, and demonstrated that RUNX1 is required for exit from the stem/progenitor state. RUNX1 inhibition expanded the pool of stem cells and blocked mammary morphogenesis. This thesis also describes the development of a 3D hydrogel culture system that supports the growth of primary human mammary epithelial tissues. The tissues exhibit all major cell types found in the mammary gland and are hormone responsive. We further adapted the culture system to study the early stages of breast cancer progression by injecting tumor cells into the tissues. Tumor cells interacted and intercalated with normal mammary epithelial cells before invading out of the tissues. We utilized this system to validate SMARCE1 as a regulator of human breast cancer progression. SMARCE1 expression is predictive of progression in early-stage epithelial tumors, and SMARCE1 is functionally required for basement membrane degradation. In our tissue model of tumor progression SMARCE1 was dispensable for cell growth and in situ spreading but was required for invasion. Thesis Supervisor: Piyush B. Gupta Title: Professor of Biology Table of
American opisthobranch mollusks

A total of 70 species are described or listed, 68 opisthobranchs and two prosobranchs (Titiscania limacina Bergh, from the Pacific side of the Canal Zone, and a Lamellaria). They were collected chiefly on the coast of Florida and neighboring seas; some are from the Gulf of Panama, where faunistic relationships with the Caribbean Sea are apparent, and from Brazil, Sao Paulo and Sta. Catarina. The opisthobranch faunas in the intertidal zone of the West Indies and that of Brazil, at least in the rather well known area Rio-Sao Paulo, have many species in common. Besides the 2 new subspecies and 18 new species (one of which, Felimare bayeri, represents a new genus), the following new names are introduced: Risbecia francoisi (Risbec, 1928) for Risbecia odhneri Risbec, 1953; Anisodoris rudberghi for A. marmorata Bergh, 1898b (non A. marmorata Bergh, 1881); Aporodoris risbeci for Thordisa hilaris Bergh, 1905, var. Risbec, 1953. I n t r o d u c t i o n Professor Dr. Frederick M. Bayer sent us for identification a large collection of gastropods belonging to the Museum of the Institute of Marine Sciences of the University of Miami. In addition to 60 species of opisthobranchs, it contains two species of prosobranchs belonging to families traditionally studied together with opisthobranchs. The majority of the animals came from Florida and the West Indies, although some were collected on the Pacific side of the Canal Zone. These and five species from Brazil expand the ambit of our zoogeographic remarks. A rich collection of admirable color photos and notes referring to the colors of the living animals accompanied the material. The photographs were of very great help in classification and made possible descriptions of many old species which had been known only in preserved condition. Part of the material was collected under the auspices of various research grants. Of particular importance were grants GB 1204, GB 3803, GB 5776, GB 20355, and GP 1363 for biological ship time awarded to the Institute of Marine Sciences by the National Science Foundation, which made possible the collection of material from deep water. Likewise, the support of the National Geographic Society, under its programs for Coral Reef Ecology and Deep-Sea Biology, was instrumental in the collection of other material. Finally, the cooperation of numerous private individuals, students and staff members of the Institute of Marine Sciences, in supplying many interesting specimens collected personally, has made this collection
Aromatic Plants of Tropical West Africa. XI. Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antiradical Properties of the Essential Oils of Three Cymbopogon Species from Burkina Faso

Abstract The essential oils isolated by hydrodistillation from the leaves or the flowering stalks of Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf. , C. giganteus Chiov. and C. proximus Stapf. syn. C. schoenanthus (L.) Spreng. subsp. proximus (A. Rich.) Maire & Weiller from Burkina Faso were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The main constituents of the oil of C. citratus were geranial (44.6%), neral (330%) and myrcene (10.7%). The oil of C. giganteus contained limonene (17.3%) and a set of monoterpene alcohols: trans-p-mentha-l(7),8-dien-2-ol (17.0%), cis-p-mentha-l(7),8-dien-2-ol (16.5%), trans-p-mentha-2,8-dien-l-ol (13.8%) and cis-p-mentha-2,8-dien-l-ol (9.3%). The main component of the leaf and flower oils of C. proximus was piperitone (59.1% and 55.6%, respectively). The essential oils of the three Cymbopogon species were also studied concerning their antioxidant and antiradical activity. Their properties were very low, compared to the two commercially used antioxidants tested (BHT and 5-tocopherol). C. proximus showed the strongest antioxidant activity (Antioxidant Value = 1.54), followed by C. giganteus (A.V. = 1.04) and C. citratus (A.V.=0.11). On die other hand, the oil of C. citratus was estimated to present the highest antiradical power, followed by C. proximus and C. giganteus.
Biology of the Invasive Banded Elm Bark Beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in the Western United States

ABSTRACT The banded elm bark beetle, Scolytus schevyrewi Semenov (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), native to Asia, was detected in the United States in 2003, and as of 2011 it is known to occur in 28 states and four Canadian provinces. S. schevyrewi infests the same elm (Ulmus spp.) hosts as the long-established invasive, the European elm bark beetle, Scolytus multistriatus (Marsham). Information on the basic biology of S. schevyrewi in its native range is sparse; thus, we conducted laboratory studies and field studies in Colorado and Nevada. Comparisons of flight and behavioral responses were made with co-occurring S. multistriatus. When Siberian elm, Ulmus pumila L. , cut logs (bolts) were allowed to be colonized by wild populations in the field, S. schevyrewi did not differ in emergence density from 10- versus 24-cm-diameter bolts. In the laboratory, S. schevyrewi readily colonized bolts of American elm, Ulmus americana L. , but not Chinese elm, Ulmus parvifolia Jacq. ; Siberian peashrub, Caragana arborescens Lam. ; a cherry, Prunus fontanesiana (Spach) C. K. Schneid. ; or Russian olive, Elaeagnus angustifolia L. In Colorado, S. schevyrewi often landed on elm bolts between 12:00 p.m. and 4 p.m. ; and near large elm trees, they were captured more frequently on sticky traps at 1.8 and 3.7 m aboveground than higher along the main stem. In Colorado/Nevada, S. schevyrewi initiated flight in April/March and ceased in October/September, whereas S. multistriatus initiated flight in April/May and ceased in October/September. In funnel trap flight assays of semiochemicals in Colorado or Nevada, S. schevyrewi had moderate responses, 3–10-fold greater than unbaited control traps, to Multilure (a commercial lure for S. multistriatus), 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (MB) + multistriatin, and MB + a plant extract that is included in a commercial formulation of Multilure. In contrast, S. multistriatus had a 226–259-fold greater response to Multilure than to the control. Both Scolytus species showed electroantennographic (EAG) responses to MB, racemic multistriatin, and (+)- and (-)-&agr;-inene, with the greatest sensitivity to multistriatin. S. schevyrewi was more responsive to (-)-&agr;-pinene than was S. multistriatus.
Streamflow Prediction Using Deep Learning Neural Network: Case Study of Yangtze River

The most important motivation for streamflow forecasts is flood prediction and longtime continuous prediction in hydrological research. As for many traditional statistical models, forecasting flood peak discharge is nearly impossible. They can only get acceptable results in normal year. On the other hand, the numerical methods including physics mechanisms and rainfall-atmospherics could provide a better performance when floods coming, but the minima prediction period of them is about one month ahead, which is too short to be used in hydrological application. In this study, a deep neural network was employed to predict the streamflow of the Hankou Hydrological Station on the Yangtze River. This method combined the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) algorithm and Encoder Decoder Long Short-Term Memory (En-De-LSTM) architecture. Owing to the hydrological series prediction problem usually contains several different frequency components, which will affect the precision of the longtime prediction. The EMD technique could read and decomposes the original data into several different frequency components. It will help the model to make longtime predictions more efficiently. The LSTM based En-De-LSTM neural network could make the forecasting closer to the observed in peak flow value through reading, training, remembering the valuable information and forgetting the useless data. Monthly streamflow data (from January 1952 to December 2008) from Hankou Hydrological Station on the Yangtze River was selected to train the model, and predictions were made in two years with catastrophic flood events and ten years rolling forecast. Furthermore, the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Coefficient of Determination (R2), Willmott’s Index of agreement (WI) and the Legates-McCabe’s Index (LMI) were used to evaluate the goodness-of-fit and performance of this model. The results showed the reliability of this method in catastrophic flood years and longtime continuous rolling forecasting.
When a Generally Valued Discourse is Unwelcome: The Case of Belief in a General Expression by a (Fictitious) Member of the Finance Elite

We aim to show that an idea that is generally valued (“just world”) when expressed by or-dinary people becomes paradoxically a sign of immorality when expressed by the finance elite. Participants from Portugal and Spain read the fictitious case (inspired by real events) of “George M. ”, a stereotypical member of the finance elite. Participants randomly read that the target had expressed the idea that the world is fair or unfair to people in general. Then, they indicated how immoral the target was and how much they wished him various outcomes. Comparing the target who expressed “the world is not just”, the one who expressed “the world is just” was judged as more immoral. Higher immoral judgements predicted higher wishes of negative outcomes. These results advise the elite against using moralizing discourses, which are likely to backfire
Size-composition and regeneration of Araucaria stands in New Guinea.

Two species of Araucaria are widespread in primary forests in Papua New Guinea. A. cunninghamii D. Don, which also occurs in Irian Jaya and eastern Australia, is found growing naturally between 600 m and 2800 m altitude (mostly 900-2200 m), usually associated with steep slopes and ridges. A. hunsteinii K. Schumann, which is confined to Papua New Guinea, is found between 550 m and 2100 m (mostly 750-1500 m) and is characteristic of less steep slopes. A survey of all known localities has recently been published (Gray 1973). Natural stands of both species have been utilized for timber extraction in several areas. In addition both species have been extensively employed in reforestation and as ornamentals. Despite the large number of trees cut annually there is very little precise information available on the actual heights and girths commonly attained. Many of the recorded heights are unreliable since they were generally estimated by indirect methods, for example with the Blume Leiss hypsometer, which may be subject to considerable error when used on steep terrain. The first part of this paper reports numerous direct measurements on felled specimens and the two Araucaria species are shown to be among the tallest trees in the tropics. These trees are of considerable economic importance and significant policy decisions have been taken in recent years on their culture. Thus the Department of Forests has ceased planting A. cunninghamii and changed from clear felling and open planting to enrichment planting with A. hunsteinii in the major plantations in the Bulolo-Wau-Watut valleys (longitude 146? 35' E, latitude 70 13' S). Yet there is a dearth of information on the size-composition of natural stands and on natural regeneration. The only substantial published reports (Havel 1971; Paijmans 1970) concern A. hunsteinii and even these are incomplete in respect of seedling measurements and records of associated species. The second part of this paper documents in detail populations of both species in extensive stands in the Bulolo-Wau region.