Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dosimetric predictors of toxicity and cosmesis in women treated with hypofractionated whole-breast irradiation.

77 Background: Large breast volume (BV) and distance of separation (DoS) have historically served as exclusionary criteria for hypofractionated whole breast irradiation (H-WBI). We investigate dosimetric parameters impacting toxicity and cosmesis. METHODS 299 consecutive patients with T0-2,N0-1,M0 breast cancer were treated with H-WBI at a single institution from 2007-2013. 4,256 cGy were delivered in 16 fractions via tangent photon beams utilizing inverse planning, with objectives to limit the V105 to 15%, the V110 to 2%, and the V115% to <0.1%. 227 patients with available treatment planning information and at least 6 months of follow-up (FU) were analyzed. Dosimetric parameters were correlated with acute (≤6 months post-treatment) and chronic toxicity and overall cosmesis. Proportions of toxicity grade and cosmesis score were compared with chi-square or Fisher exact tests. RESULTS With a median FU of 2.7 years (range 0.4-6.6 years), there were no local or regional recurrences, 1 distant failure, and one in-field angiosarcoma. Rates of any acute and chronic grade 1/2/3 toxicity were 47%/32%/9% and 53%/22%/7%. Cosmesis (beyond 6 months) was reported as excellent, good, and fair in 45%, 55%, and <1% of patients. The V105 was the best predictor for cosmesis and chronic toxicity, with a V105≤10% being associated with better cosmesis (excellent vs fair/poor) and lower toxicity (grade 0 vs grade 1 vs grade 2/3) compared to a V105>10% (p=0.09 and 0.03, respectively). The mean DoS was 22 cm, with 22% and 3% of patients having a DoS greater than 25 cm and 28 cm. The mean BV was 1523 cc, with 19% and 5% having a BV greater than 2000 cc and 2500 cc. Neither a larger DoS nor a larger BV correlated with an inability to achieve a V105≤10% (p= 0.37 and p=0.13, respectively). Neither DoS nor BV predicted for worse acute toxicity, chronic toxicity, or cosmesis. CONCLUSIONS Minimizing the V110 and V115 and limiting the V105 to ≤10% are useful dosimetric objectives to achieve excellent or good cosmesis following H-WBI. Acceptable toxicity and excellent cosmesis are achievable in women with large DoS or BV, provided techniques to maximize dose homogeneity are employed.
ASYMPTOTIC BEHAVIOUR OF ARITHMETICALLY COHEN-MACAULAY BLOW-UPS

This paper addresses problems related to the existence of arithmetic Macaulayfications of projective schemes. Let Y be the blow-up of a projective scheme X = ProjR along the ideal sheaf of I ⊂ R. It is known that there are embeddings Y ∼ Projk((I e )c) for c ≥ d(I)e + 1, where d(I) denotes the maximal generating degree of I, and that there exists a Cohen-Macaulay ring of the form k((I e )c) if and only if H 0 (Y, OY ) = k, H i (Y, OY ) = 0 for i = 1,. ,dimY − 1, Y is equidimensional and Cohen-Macaulay. Cutkosky and Herzog asked when there is a linear bound on c and e ensuring that k((I e )c) is a Cohen-Macaulay ring. We obtain a surprising compelte answer to this question, namely, that under the above conditions, there are well determined invariants " and e0 such that k((I e )c) is Cohen-Macaulay for all c > d(I)e + " and e > e0. Our approach is based on recent results on the asymptotic linearity of the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity of ideal powers. We also investigate the existence of a Cohen-Macaulay Rees algebra of the form R((I e )ct) (which provides an arithmetic Macaulayfication for X). If R has negative a � -invariant, we prove that such a Cohen-Macaulay Rees algebra exists if and only if ��OY = OX, R i ��OY = 0 for i > 0, Y is equidimensional and Cohen-Macaulay. Especially, these conditions imply the Cohen-Macaulayness of R((I e )ct) for all c > d(I)e + " and e > e0. The above results can be applied to obtain several new classes of Cohen-Macaulay algebras.
Asymptotic properties of the corrected score estimator in the autoregressive model with measurement errors

The autoregressive model with errors in variables with normally distributed control se- quence is considered. For the main sequence, two cases are dealt with: (a) main sequence has station- ary distribution, and (b) initial distribution is arbitrary, independent of the control sequence and has finite fourth moment. Here the elements of the main sequence are not observed directly, but surrogate data that include a normally distributed additive error are observed. Errors and main sequence are assumed to be mutually independent. We estimate unknown parameter using the Corrected Score method and in both cases prove strict consistency and asymptotic normality of the estimator. To prove asymptotic normality we apply the theory of strong mixing sequences. Finally, we compare the efficiency of the Least Squares (naive) estimator and the Corrected Score estimator in the forecasting problem and conclude that the naive estimator gives better forecast.
Relaxation and asymptotic expansion of controlled stiff differential equations

The control of relaxation-type systems of ordinary differential equations is investigated using the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation. It is shown that their solution also allows for an asymptotic expansion in the relaxation parameter. For the first-order expansion, its solution converges toward the solution to a Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation for a reduced control problem. The considered systems are motivated by semi-discretization of kinetic and hyperbolic partial differential equations and several examples are presented.
Cosmochemistry : the melting pot of the elements : XIII Canary Islands Winter School of Astrophysics, Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife, Spain, November 19-30, 2001

1. Primordial alchemy: from the Big Bang to the present Universe G. Steigman 2. Stellar nucleosynthesis N. Langer 3. Obervational aspects of stellar nucleosynthesis D. L. Lambert 4. Abundance determinations in HII regions and planetary nebulae G. Stasinska 5. Element abundances in nearby galaxies D. R. Garnett 6. Chemical evolution of galaxies and intracluster medium F.Matteucci 7. Element abundances through the cosmic ages M. Pettini.
Systematics in the size structure of prairie pothole lakes through drought and deluge

This study examines the response of a complex lake‐wetland system to variations in climate. The focus is on the lakes and wetlands of the Prairie Coteau, which is part of the larger Prairie Pothole Region of the Central Plains of North America. Information on lake size was enumerated from satellite images and aerial photos and yielded power law relationships for different hydrological conditions. Of particular interest is a recent drought and deluge sequence, 1988–1992 and 1993–1998. Results showed that lake sizes followed well‐defined power laws that changed intra‐annually and interannually as a function of climate. The power laws for spring seasons in 1987, 1990, 1992, 1997, and 2002 have a relatively constant slope. However, slopes changed with time within each year. These lines produced from Landsat images and aerial photos describe a systematic variation in sizes for lakes ranging in area from 100 m2 to more than 30,000 m2. This tendency for lake size to follow a power law coupled with area measurement from aerial photos taken on 29 July 1939 provides a basis for reconstructing the distribution of pothole lakes in summer 1939, near the end of the Dust Bowl drought. The study shows that the areas of smaller lakes are profoundly affected seasonally by the spring snowmelt and evaporation. The areas of larger lakes are influenced more slowly by longer‐ term periods of drought and deluge.
Uncertainty and the Management of Salinity with Irrigation Water

The impact of uncertain salt balances in irrigate fields is assessed with a hydroeconomic model that incorporates the effects of salinity. Uncertainty in two parameters that jointly determine root zone salinity is investigated and the conclusions prove to depend upon the way in which these parameters enter the mass-balance equation for soil salinity. It is shown that water has a risk reducing marginal effect on output when growers are risk averse and, under certain conditions, when they are risk neutral. The effects of prices, water quality, and crop salt sensitivity on the conclusions are analyzed and an empirical example is employed to illustrate the magnitude of the impacts.
Anisotropy and dispersion in periodically layered media

Elastic waves propagating in a periodically layered medium exhibit transverse isotropy, provided the wavelength is long compared to the spatial period of the layer sequence. The elastic constants of the long‐wave equivalent transversely isotropic medium can be calculated in several ways, all of which are based on the low‐frequency limit: one either determines from the outset the macroscopic (in average homogeneous) strain response of a representative block of the periodically layered medium to (in average homogeneous) stresses, or one determines the dispersion equation for such media and evaluates this equation for low frequencies. Both approaches yield the same replacement medium. The replacement of a layered medium by a homogeneous transversely isotropic medium is justified if all wavelengths are sufficiently long. High‐resolution techniques, the increasing use of shear waves, and attention to stratigraphic detail require a quantitative evaluation of what is sufficiently long, as well as a study of what.
Characterization of Proportional-Integral-Resonant Compensator for DC Link Voltage Control

Voltage unbalance and short circuits in distribution networks adversely affect the performance of grid-tied voltage source inverters (VSIs). Consequently, the dc-link voltage ripple may significantly increase leading to operation of VSI in an unsatisfactory manner. Conventionally in order to maintain the negative sequence current under unbalanced conditions, low-pass/trap filter in the current control loop are required which significantly reduce the controller bandwidth. In order to minimize the dc-link voltage ripple without impairing the controller bandwidth, this paper investigates the design and performance of Proportional–Integral–Resonant (PIR) controller in improving the performance of the VSI under unbalanced condition. The proposed design methodology is validated through simulations and experimental results.
Constraints on early sinistral displacements along the Great Glen Fault Zone, Scotland: structural setting, U–Pb geochronology and emplacement of the syn‐tectonic Clunes tonalite

Abstract: Current tectonic models emphasize the role of crustal‐scale transcurrent faults in controlling the ascent and emplacement of plutons in orogenic belts. The Clunes Tonalite crops out adjacent to the transcurrent Great Glen Fault Zone within the Ordovician‐Silurian Caledonian orogenic belt of Scotland. The tonalite is characterized by a strong fabric defined by aligned plagioclase, hornblende and biotite that is interpreted to be a magmatic state deformation fabric formed during emplacement. Field and microstructural evidence derived from the tonalite and its Moine Supergroup country rocks supports an emplacement model that links intrusion directly to early sinistral displacements along the Great Glen Fault Zone. U–Pb zircon geochronology yields a crystallization age for the Clunes Tonalite of 427.8±1.9 Ma. The age is thus interpreted to date early sinistral displacements along the Great Glen Fault Zone and is identical within error to that of the Ratagain granite emplaced during sinistral displacement along the Strathconon Fault to the NW.
Factores e índices de peligrosidad de las aguas de avenida en cruces de carreteras con ramblas. Estudio aplicado a la vertiente litoral sur de la Región de Murcia

An important natural hazard affecting to the road networks and to the traffic in semiarid areas is caused by the flood waters in road stream crossings. The paper has as principal aim to propose a methodology for evaluating the hazard of road-ephemeral channel crossings, from exposition levels and hydrological, hydraulic and morphological criteria. This approach has
Surface morphology and internal layer stratigraphy in the downstream end of Kamb Ice Stream, West Antarctica

Abstract Satellite images of Kamb Ice Stream (formerly Ice Stream C), West Antarctica, reveal several long, curved linear features (lineations) oriented sub-parallel to the ice-flow direction. We use ground-based radar to characterize the internal layer stratigraphy of these lineations and the terrains that they bound. Some lineations are relict ice-stream shear margins, identified by hyperbolic diffractors near the surface (interpreted to be buried crevasses) and highly disturbed internal layers at depth. Satellite images show another set of lineations outside the relict margins that wrap around the ends of the surrounding inter-ice-stream ridges. Internal layers beneath these lineations are downwarped strongly into a syncline shape. The internal stratigraphy of the terrain between these lineations and the relict margins is characterized by deep hyperbolic line diffractors. Our preferred hypothesis for the origin of this terrain is that it was floating sometime in the past; the deep hyperbolas are interpreted to be basal crevasses, and the strongly downwarped internal layers mark the position of a relict grounding line. Our study shows that lineations and intervening terrains have different internal layer characteristics implying different origins. Differentiation between these features is not possible using satellite images alone.
Comparison of Liquefaction Susceptibility Maps of Saruhanlı Town (Turkey) Based on Various Liquefaction Indices

In this study, liquefaction susceptibility maps of the Saruhanli district of Manisa (Turkey) were prepared based on different methods for the evaluation of liquefaction potential and various liquefaction indices. Three main fault zones are present near the study area, namely Bergama, Buyuk Menderes, and Gediz Graben. The Gediz Graben controls the seismicity of the area. The total length of this fault zone is about 150 km, and it is about 33 km from the study site. By considering historical earthquakes within the Gediz Graben and its length, a design earthquake with a moment magnitude of 7.1 was selected for the study site. A peak ground acceleration of 0.28g was calculated for the study site using attenuation relationships developed for Turkey. In order to analyze liquefaction susceptibility of the Saruhanli region, results from a total of 28 cone penetration tests (CPT) were evaluated. Four different CPT-based methods were used for the calculation of factor of safety against liquefaction. These factors of safety were used to define the liquefaction indices. Three different liquefaction indices were used to develop the liquefaction susceptibility maps of the area. Hence, a total of twelve liquefaction susceptibility maps were prepared to evaluate liquefaction potential of the area. In additon,liquefaction susceptibility maps were prepared using varying depths of the ground water table to determine the effect of seasonal ground water level changes on the liquefaction severity. Besides, liquefaction-induced ground settlement maps were also prepared for the study site. Key words: Liquefaction, liquefaction susceptibility maps, liquefaction index, CPT, Saruhanli.
Rille pattern in the lunar crater Humboldt

Humboldt is a large flat-floored lunar crater whose structure was revealed in detail in Orbiter 4 photographs. The material filling the crater and forming its flat floor is inferred to be lava. Radial and concentric fracture patterns are observed in the filling material. These fractures widen locally to form rules and crater chain rilles. It is suggested that isostatic updoming could have produced the observed pattern of fractures and rilles. Simple model experiments in sand substantiate this view.
La integración de la educación jurídica clínica en el proceso formativo de los juristas

La educacion juridica clinica ha cobrado gran importancia en la formacion de los juristas en las facultades de Derecho de todo el mundo. En concreto, el enfoque clinico puede servir para reequilibrar los fines que deberia tener la educacion juridica: formar juristas preparados y competentes, profesionales valiosos, y buenos ciudadanos. En el texto, a partir de las experiencias en universidades de todo el mundo y recientemente en nuestro pais, se exploran algunas sugerencias para su incorporacion en el proceso formativo de los juristas y para fomentar su futura sostenibilidad. ABSTRACT Integrating Clinical Legal Education in the Learning Process of Lawyers Clinical legal education has become relevant in the training of lawyers in law schools around the world. In particular, the clinical element can be used to balance the aims of legal education: to educate trained and competent lawyers, valuable professionals and good citizens. In this paper, from experiences at universities around the world and recently in Spain, some suggestions are explored for inclusion in the learning process of lawyers and to promote future sustainability.
ABUNDANCE OF BOTTLENOSE DOLPHINS (Tursiops truncatus) IN ESTUARINE AND NEAR-SHORE WATERS OF NORTH CAROLINA, USA

Abstract A capture-recapture survey of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) was conducted in the sounds, estuaries and near-shore waters of North Carolina during July 2006, using photographic identification techniques; 291 dolphins were identified from distinctive nicks and notches on their dorsal fins. The results of our photographic analyses were applied to several capture-recapture models. The best estimate of the number of bottlenose dolphins present in estuarine waters of North Carolina during July 2006 was 813 with a 95% Confidence Interval of 483–1,142. Previously in July 2000, 1,033 (95% CI: 860-1,266) dolphins were estimated to be present in the estuaries of North Carolina. When the analysis from the 2006 surveys was expanded to include adjacent coastal waters, then the estimate of abundance increased to 1,138. Therefore, the abundance of dolphins in this area remained relatively stable between the two studies. Most dolphins were found in the northern part of the study area and there was very.
Amenazas fluviales en el piedemonte amazónico colombiano

Este articulo presenta los resultados de una investigacion sobre las amenazas ambientales de origen fluvio-volcanico y fluvio-torrencial que podrian afectar a la poblacion del piedemonte amazonico colombiano. Esta region comprende una amplia zona sur-central del pais sobre la cual se posee una cartografia deficiente y escasa informacion secundaria sobre geologia, geomorfologia, hidrologia y climatologia. Por lo tanto se llevo a cabo un analisis geomorfologico regional de imagenes satelitales ( Landsat ) y de aerofotografias locales que permitieron identificar las geoformas principales y los procesos morfo-dinamicos asociados a eventos ambientales extremos. Finalmente, se identificaron tres factores ambientales capaces de generar graves impactos en la region: las erupciones volcanicas, los terremotos fuertes y las lluvias torrenciales.
Preferential exchange rate effect of isotopic fractionation in a melting snowpack

Stable isotope exchange processes between solid and liquid phases of a natural melting snowpack are investigated in detail by separating the liquid water from snow grains at different depths of the snowpack and collecting the bottom discharge using a lysimeter. In the melting–freezing mass exchange process between the two phases, the theoretical slope of the δDδ18O line for newly refrozen ice is calculated to be nearly that of pore water. However, based on observations of the isotopic evolution and snow grain coarsening of the snowpack, it is demonstrated that the slope of the δDδ18O line for newly refrozen ice is equal to that of the original ice. This is proved to be due to preferential water flow in the snowpack, which leads to relatively more deuterium and less oxygen‐18 in the mobile water than the immobile water because of the kinetic effect. Higher mass exchange rate in the mobile water region results in excess deuterium in the bulk refrozen ice, compared with the fractionation of uniform fractionation factors and exchange rate. This effect, which is termed the ‘preferential exchange rate effect of isotopic fractionation’, is shown to be larger in the lower part than the upper part of the snowpack. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cyanobacterial precipitation of gypsum, calcite, and magnesite from natural alkaline lake water

Results from transmission electron microscopy provide direct evidence for cyanobacterial biomineralization of gypsum and calcite in aquatic environments. Laboratory simulations using filter-sterilized natural lake water inoculated with Synechococcus sp. , isolated from Fayette ville Green Lake, New York, revealed epicellular biomineralization of gypsum, calcite, and magnesite. Experimental, electron microscopical, and sedimentological evidence indicates that Synechococcus is responsible for a major proportion of the marl sediment and carbonate bioherms in Green Lake. The elucidated role of Synechococcus in biomineralization and its ubiquitous distribution in nature have widespread implications for cyanobacterial mineralization in marine and freshwater environments since late Archean time.
Rapid climate change during the early Holocene in western Europe and Greenland

Based on microfacies analyses of seasonally laminated varved sediments from lake Holzmaar, Germany, we report evidence of decadal-to century-scale climate variability during the early Holocene. The shifts in climate are documented in the thickness variations and changes in the composition of the varves in response to subtle shifts in limnological conditions. The close similarity between the Holzmaar varve record and the GRIP oxygen isotope record during 7.4-9.0 calendar (cal.) ka suggests that the high frequency climatic variations in both regions were controlled by the same mechanism. Our more detailed studies covering the central 409-yr period (∼7.846-8.255 cal. ka, encompassing the 8.2 ka event) document for the first time, on a seasonal scale, the changing precipitation regimes in western Europe during these climate shifts. We show (i) that winters were drier and summers shorter and cooler in western Europe during colder periods in Greenland, (ii) in contrast to the present-day climate in the Holzmaar region, summer rains were clearly reduced during the early Holocene, and (iii) the climate not only changed rapidly (< 5 years) but recurring drier events were common during the studied period. In the Holzmaar record, the 8.2 ka event is the most prominent and longest of a series of short-term clirnatic oscillations.
Increasing productivity of intensive rice systems through site-specific nutrient management.

The integrated, efficient use of nutrients is one of the key issues for sustainable resource management in irrigated rice in Asia - one of the most intensive agricultural systems in the world. This book summarizes research conducted from 1994-2001 to develop and evaluate a new concept for site-specific nutrient management and the tools needed for applying it in farmers' fields with irrigated rice.
DETERMINATION OF PALAEOSTRESSES FROM MESOSCALE SHEAR FRACTURES IN CORE SAMPLES USING THE MULTI‐INVERSE METHOD

Palaeostress reconstruction is the key to quantitative characterization of fractured hydrocarbon reservoirs. In order to calculate the palaeostresses responsible for fault activity, faults in oriented core samples can be analysed and the optimal stresses can then be determined from fault‐slip data in a least‐squares sense. Many fractured reservoir rocks, however, include faults generated during a number of different tectonic phases. In these cases, the optimal stresses can be determined for subgroups of faults which are considered to be of approximately the same age. The difficulty with this is that criteria for accurate age‐dating are often absent, especially from core samples.