Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hot carrier-induced degradation of gate overlapped lightly doped drain (GOLDD) polysilicon TFTs

Hot-carrier injection is known to produce interface states and oxide trapped charge, which, depending upon their spatial distribution, can strongly influence the local electric fields as well as the current flow. In this work, we analyze the hot carrier-induced degradation of gate overlapped lightly doped drain (GOLDD) polysilicon thin film transistors (TFTs) and a new model, which correlates the interface state generation with the hot carrier injection current, is proposed. The defect generation rate has been assumed to depend upon the product of hot electron and hole currents J/sub eh/, and the resulting interface state distribution has been evaluated self-consistently with the current density and carrier concentration distributions. By successive iterations, a complete spatial and time evolution of the interface state distribution has been determined, and the electrical characteristics, calculated with these interface state distributions are in good agreement with the experimental data.
Modelling aggregate heterogeneous ATM sources using neural networks

The simulated waveforms are shown in Fig. 2, while the corresponding experimentally observed waveforms are shown in Fig. 3a-c. The quality of the experimental synchronisation can be appreciated looking at Fig. 36 that shows the variable x, against the variable x5, each one corresponding to the other in the master and slave systems. Finally, Fig. 3c shows the observed phase portrait in the x,-x, plane when the forcing signal is applied. In Fig. 3a, the presence of a small ripple superimposed onto the decoded signal can be observed. This could lead to the wrong conclusion that the two circuits are not exactly synchronised; however, Fig. 3b excludes this case. The correct explanation of this fact is immediately obtained by measuring the actual current fed by the block B3. In fact, this current is slightly corrupted by the master itself due to the nonideal features of the realised current source generator. Apart from the triangular wave, other different waveforms have also been taken into account (e.g. sine waves, square waves, speech and musical signals, and so on), with successful results. Finally, it has been noted that the above cited ripple is always present independently from the nature of the considered transmitted signals. Therefore it could be significantly reduced by using a better current source or by filtering the decoded signal by means of a lowpass filter. Conclusions: In this Letter it has been shown how two SC-CNNbased circuits, generating the dynamics of the Chua oscillator, are used successfully for signal transmission. The SC-CNN approach for generating complex dynamics is quite general; in fact, simply changing the templates of a fixed structure system, it is possible to choose a different chaotic attractor. Alternatively, the architecture can be easily augmented by adding new cells in order to generate higher order dynamics [6]. Even if, in the reported case, the inverse system method has been considered, the modularity of the SCCNN approach allows an easy implementation of other synchronisation methods [l, 21. In this way, we stress the concept that the SC-CNN framework represents a suitable platform for chaotic system synchronisation with potential applications in secure communication systems.
A Novel RFID Authentication Protocol Based on Reconfigurable RRAM PUF

Radio frequency identification technology (RFID) has empowered a wide variety of automation industries. Aiming at the current light-weight RFID encryption scheme with limited information protection methods, combined with the physical unclonable function (PUF) composed of resistive random access memory (RRAM), a new type of high-efficiency reconfigurable strong PUF circuit structure is proposed in this paper. Experimental results show that the proposed PUF shows an almost ideal value (50%) of inter-chip hamming distance (HD) (µ/σ = 0.5001/0.0340) among 1000 PUF keys, and intra-chip HD results are very close to the ideal value (0). The bit error rate (BER) is as low as 3.8×10−6 across one million challenges. Based on the RRAM PUF, we propose and implement a light weight RFID authentication protocol. By virtue of RRAM’s model ability, the protocol replaces the One-way Hash Function with a response chain mutual encryption algorithm. The results of test and analysis show that the protocol can effectively resist multiple threats such as physical attacks, replay attacks, tracking attacks and asynchronous attacks, and has good stability. At the same time, based on RRAM’s unique resistance variability, PUF also has the advantage of being reconfigurable, providing good security for RFID tags.
Multi-sensor fusion for autonomous underwater cable tracking

A multi-sensor fusion technique is proposed for autonomous underwater cable tracking. The work presented here is an extension of the vision based tracking system proposed earlier by Balasuriya and Ura (1997, 1998) and Balasuriya (1998). Two practical problems, encountered in vision based tracking are considered and a solution based on a sensor fusion technique is proposed. The two practical problems considered are; 1) situation when the cable is totally invisible in the image; and 2) situation when there are many similar cables appearing in the image. An experiment is conducted by setting an underwater cable with real world situations, especially with the above mentioned cases, and an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV), the "Twin-Burger 2" is used to track the cable. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is quite stable in handling the practical problems related to vision based tracking systems.
Engineered slot-comb photonic crystal waveguides

We report experimental measurements of slow light in Comb Photonic Crystal Waveguides (CPCW). The tailoring of the slot into a comb allows performing dispersion engineering in order to achieve slow light regime, and efficient tapers allow a high coupling efficiency. We also investigate the losses with cut-back measurements and show that losses are comparable with those of a standard W1 Photonic Crystal Waveguide, whereas the nonlinear effective area is strongly reduced. This type of waveguide offers opportunities to realize compact devices with an ultra-high light confinement for achieving optical nonlinearities with a low index material.
Performance of BCH Codes and Transmit Diversity for MISO UHF RFID Communication

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is used in environments with significant fading characteristic. In this paper the Electronic Product Code (EPC) Class-1 Gen-2 protocol is extended by spatial diversity (SD) and Forward Error Correction (FEC) in order to improve the transmission reliability. A dyadic backscatter channel is used. The respective channel model gives a good approximation for the RFID small scale fading characteristic. Based on simulations of the bit error-rate (BER) and the packet error-rate (PER) the improvement using FEC (a BCH code) and SD (with two tag antennas) are presented and the trade-off between FEC and SD is discussed. It is shown that a BCH encoded transmission can lead to 8 dB coding gain which is relatively constant for varying channel parameters. Higher gains (up to 27 dB) can be achieved by using two tag antennas, but varying the channel parameters results in a higher variance of the gain due to different correlation scenarios.
The role of hyperleptinaemia and low values of interleukin 10 in de novo DSA production after kidney transplantation.

BACKGROUND White adipose tissue secretes a number of peptide hormones. The aim of this paper was to determine the role of leptin, adiponectin and interleukin-10 and interleukin-6 on the development of graft rejection in protocol biopsy after kidney transplantation. METHODS In a prospective analysis (n = 104), we monitored the values of leptin, adiponectin, IL-6, and IL-10 prior to the transplantation and in the 3rd month after the transplantation. The protocol biopsy of the graft was performed in the 3rd month after the transplantation. The group was divided into the following according to the biopsy result: negative result, IFTA 1, borderline, and DSA positive. RESULTS After adjusting for the differences in the baseline recipient and donor characteristics, we identified the hyperleptinaemia baseline (HR = 2.0444, P = 0.0341) and month 3 (HR = 49.8043, P < 0.0001) as independent risk factors for borderline changes in the protocol biopsy. The hyperleptinaemia baseline (HR = 7.4979, P = 0.0071) and month 3 (HR = 9.7432, P = 0.0057) are independent risk factors for de novo DSA positivity. A low value of IL-10 month 3 is a risk factor for de novo DSA positivity (HR = 3.0746, P = 0.0388). CONCLUSIONS Higher leptin levels and low values of IL-10 might play a role in rejection and de novo DSA production.
Comparison of spillover loss of offset Gregorian and Cassegrain antennas

The author discusses comparison of Gregorian and Cassegrain antennas with respect to spillover loss and selection of subreflector optics. It was shown that the Cassegrain antenna with the bottom arm has spillover noise lower by at least 5 K at elevation angles 30 degrees and lower as compared to the Gregorian antenna with the arm at the top. Also, from the viewpoint of maintenance, accessibility to the receivers, the feeds, and the subreflector is easy with the arm at the bottom, with the telescope stowed at low elevation angles. However, the National Radio Astronomy Observatory has chosen the Gregorian antenna for the following reasons: first, with the arm at the top, the elevation bearings of the telescope need to be located at a lower height from the ground and, hence, the elevation tower is shorter, saving $3 M to $4 M in steel. Secondly, with the Gregorian antenna, the subreflector can stay installed permanently on the arm, even when prime focus feeds are used. The excess spillover noise of the Gregorian antenna can be reduced by about 2 K by resorting to a feed taper of -15 dB. <<ETX>>
Design of Notification System Illegal Parking Vehicles on Campus

The increase in the number of private cars as well as non-standard parked behavior has brought great pressure to campus traffic. In order to control this non-standard parked behavior, orderly and reasonable guide and regulate owners to develop good parking habits, we design a vehicle parking violation notification system. A system is designed in the article to record illegal parking information of vehicles. A working principle of this system is that a wireless MMS image terminal captures image information of illegal vehicles, and real-time transmits the captured image information to the Data Center Computer in Security Department of the school through the GPRS network, so as to achieve illegal vehicle information is timely recorded and notified. Meanwhile, outside campus of illegal vehicles will be warned or limited its re-enter the campus. After a year of work and testing, the entire system is stable, and the image information transmission failure rate is very low. Illegal parking behavior on campus has been significantly curbed, and traffic order has been significantly improved.
Estimating as a profession in UK construction

Purpose – Both quantity surveyors (QSs) and estimators have pivotal roles in the profitability of construction contracts; however, only the QS is classified as a professional. Preliminary examination of the responsibilities of the estimator and the level of qualification required in comparison with the QS suggests that the current failure to recognise estimating as a profession may be an anomaly. The purpose of this inquiry is to consider the role of the estimator relative to the accepted criteria attaching to professional status.Design/methodology/approach – To achieve this, available definitions of a profession were distilled into core criteria which were then used to compare QSs and estimators in terms of remuneration, education and professional representation.Findings – A statistical analysis on each of these criteria suggested that there was no significant difference in terms of salary offered or education required by employers. Further investigation, however, did reveal a considerable difference in .
Application of Case Based Reasoning in Technology Industry Competency Development

This study aims to assist the semiconductor assembly and testing industry in finding the best way of talent training. Firstly, the analysis of competency designs the training path according to engineers' different realms, introduces Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) combined with courses of the analysis of competency. Then, after the interview of professional engineers regarding their experiences, we analyze the courses' main factors, the degree of demand of instituting the courses, and finally set up the knowledge database of talent training. The results will inspire the training path for automation equipment and process and act as reference for the human resources department, reducing discrepancies between the tech and management department for required skills to equipment and manufacturing processing and enhancing the productive output.
Fusion Pores and Fusion Machines in Ca 2+ -Triggered

Exocytosis is initiated within a highly localized region of contact between two biological membranes. Small areas of these membranes draw close, molecules on the two surfaces interact, and structural transformations take place. Membrane fusion requires the action of proteins specialized for this task, and these proteins act as a fusion machine. At a critical point in this process, a fusion pore forms within the membrane contact site and then expands as the spherical vesicle merges with the flat target membrane. Hence, the operation of a fusion machine must be realized through the formation and expan- sion of a fusion pore. Delineating the relation between the fusion machine and the fusion pore thus emerges as a central goal in eluci- dating the mechanisms of membrane fusion. We summarize present knowledge of fusion machines and fusion pores studied in vitro, in neurons, and in neuroendocrine cells, and synthesize this knowledge into some specific and detailed hypotheses for exocytosis.
On the Improvement of Hydraulic Conductivity Function in Van Genuchten-Mualem Model

Hydraulic conductivity (HC) is deduced indirectly from soil water retention curves (SWRC) by Mualem model, but the mathematical calculation in the Mualem model is sensitive to integration interval near saturation. After the van Genuchten model fit actual SWRC, the van Genuchten-Mualem (VGM) HC is integrated simply by an analytical function for unsaturated soils. However the analytical solution on VGM HC results in the rapid change of HC near saturation. For unsaturated soils sampled in Korea, SWRCs and unsaturated HCs were obtained by experiments. The HC experiments were compared with the HC models from the SWRCs. As a result, VGM models of HC function underestimate the unsaturated HC and show rapid reduction near saturation. It is found that a modification in VGM model should be required to predict accurate HC functions.
Flexible polyvinyl alcohol/2-hydroxypropanoic acid films: effect of residual acetyl moieties on mechanical, thermal and antibacterial properties

Abstract This work ascertains the effect of the degree of hydrolysis of polyvinyl alcohol under extended interaction with 2-hydroxypropanoic acid (lactic acid). Systems based on three different types of polyvinyl alcohol matrices (of hydrolysis degree 80, 88 and 98 mol%) and lactic acid were characterized according to their physicochemical, mechanical and thermal properties. An agar diffusion test and the dilution and spread plate technique were conducted to facilitate antibacterial activity to counteract Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. A mathematical model was applied to the experimental data to estimate the antibacterial efficacy of the resultant flexible films.
Lactic Acid Metabolism and Transporter Related Three Genes Predict the Prognosis of Patients with Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

Lactic acid was previously considered a waste product of glycolysis, and has now become a key metabolite for cancer development, maintenance and metastasis. So far, numerous studies have confirmed that tumor lactic acid levels are associated with increased metastasis, tumor recurrence and poor prognosis. However, the prognostic value of lactic acid metabolism and transporter related genes in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma has not been explored. We selected lactic acid metabolism and transporter related twenty-one genes for LASSO cox regression analysis in the E-MTAB-1980 cohort, and finally screened three genes (PNKD, SLC16A8, SLC5A8) to construct a clinical prognostic model for patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Based on the prognostic model we constructed, the over survival (hazard ratio = 4.117, 95% CI: 1.810–9.362, p < 0.0001) of patients in the high-risk group and the low-risk group in the training set E-MTAB-1980 cohort had significant differences, and similar results (hazard ratio = 1.909, 95% CI: 1.414–2.579 p < 0.0001) were also observed in the validation set TGCA cohort. Using the CIBERSORT algorithm to analyze the differences in immune cell infiltration in different risk groups, we found that dendritic cells, M1 macrophages, and CD4+ memory cells in the high-risk group were significantly lower than those in the low-risk group, while Treg cells were higher than in the low-risk group. Finally, through gene enrichment analysis, we found that the signal pathway that is strongly related to the prognostic model is the cell cycle.
BREEDING AND GENETICS CO2 Exchange Rate in Cotton Does Not Explain Negative Associations Between Lint Yield and Fiber Quality

An experiment was conducted to determine if negative associations between yield and fiber quality in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) were due to leaf CO2 exchange rate (CER). A 3-year study evaluated six high-quality genotypes, with two high-yielding commercial control cultivars and a G. barbadense L.cultivar, for CER and stomatal conductance to water vapor (g) across contrasting seasons. Yield, fiber quality, and har vest index (HI) were compared with CER and g measured on the uppermost fully expanded leaf on two occasions between mid-flower and cutout. The results show no significant associations between CER and fiber-quality parameters (p <0.05). There was no association between CER and yield, HI, or stem weight. It was concluded that highquality lines did not photosynthesize less than the high-yielding commercial check. There was a positive association between HI and yield (p<0.01). An inefficient growth habit as measured by a low HI in at least one high-fiber quality genotype was a possible reason for lower lint yield.
Comparison of Experimental Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection Acquired by Three Individual Routes of Infection in the Common Marmoset

Middle East respiratory syndrome is caused by a human coronavirus, MERS-CoV, similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Humans typically exhibit fever, cough, shortness of breath, gastrointestinal issues, and breathing difficulties, which can lead to pneumonia and/or renal complications. ABSTRACT Two strains of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), England 1 and Erasmus Medical Centre/2012 (EMC/2012), were used to challenge common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) by three routes of infection: aerosol, oral, and intranasal. Animals challenged by the intranasal and aerosol routes presented with mild, transient disease, while those challenged by the oral route presented with a subclinical immunological response. Animals challenged with MERS-CoV strain EMC/2012 by the aerosol route responded with primary and/or secondary pyrexia. Marmosets had minimal to mild multifocal interstitial pneumonia, with the greatest relative severity being observed in animals challenged by the aerosol route. Viable virus was isolated from the host in throat swabs and lung tissue. The transient disease described is consistent with a successful host response and was characterized by the upregulation of macrophage and neutrophil function observed in all animals at the time of euthanasia. IMPORTANCE Middle East respiratory syndrome is caused by a human coronavirus, MERS-CoV, similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Humans typically exhibit fever, cough, shortness of breath, gastrointestinal issues, and breathing difficulties, which can lead to pneumonia and/or renal complications. This emerging disease resulted in the first human lethal cases in 2012 and has a case fatality rate of approximately 36%. Consequently, there is a need for medical countermeasures and appropriate animal models for their assessment. This work has demonstrated the requirement for higher concentrations of virus to cause overt disease. Challenge by the aerosol, intranasal, and oral routes resulted in no or mild disease, but all animals had an immunological response. This shows that an appropriate early immunological response is able to control the disease.
On design of low-noise adaptive output drivers

In this paper new findings to design fast and low noise generating CMOS output drivers are presented. The adaptive technique applied not only reduces power-rail noise, but also removes overshoots and unnecessary switching. A new multistage output driver is compared to four standard designs for time delay, maximum dynamic current and power-rail noise under various loading conditions. A comparison of silicon area is also given.
PERFORMANCE OF BOOTSTRAP-ESTIMATED DISCRETE CHOICE MODELS: A CASE STUDY OF BANGKOK TRANSIT SYSTEM (BTS)

In transportation demand modeling, it is a common practice to utilize discrete choice models in estimating people's choice upon several modes of transportation based on observed socio-economic backgrounds and mode-specific features. The nature of the models, however, dictates the requirement of providing a substantial number of observations. An interesting question is whether it would still be possible to estimate a reasonably good model given only a small amount of data set available. One way to make this small number matters is through simulation. This paper reports an exercise of applying bootstrap technique to generate new data sets from a small number of observations and to estimate new models from them. From this simulation, distributions of models' parameters can be provided, and hence the parameters and their standard errors can be calculated from their respective distribution, and their biases can be corrected. The performance of this simulation-based model is then discussed.
Determination of deep ultrathin equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) from measuring flat-band C-V curve

In this letter, a novel and simple method to determine deep ultrathin oxide thickness by measuring the MOS capacitance under the flat-band condition is reported. The mechanism of this method has been profoundly studied. The results determined by this method show good agreement with those using capacitance-voltage (C-V) simulation, ellipsometer, and high-resolution transmission electromicroscopy (HRTM) analysis for thin oxides (2/spl sim/3 nm). The thickness of pure oxide extracted by this method in this experiment can be down to 1.4 nm despite the obvious C-V distortion.