Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of food and nutrition security status of Nigeria preschool children towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals 1,2,3 - A review

Child nutrition is essential to any country's food and nutrition security status. It goes beyond food security to encompass all the components of child well-being and cognitive development. It includes infant and young child feeding practices, care practices, and hygiene. Africa accounts for the highest prevalence of child malnutrition and mortality worldwide. The complexity and interconnectedness of the components of child nutrition in developing countries are yet to be well conceptualized. Due to a high poverty rate, economic shock, and conflicts in many sub-Sahara countries like Nigeria. Nigeria, the most populated country in this region, records a high prevalence of child malnutrition, morbidity, and mortality. High poverty, poor policies, poor dietary intake, and care practices among households have become a significant concern and a public health issue, especially as the country navigates toward achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030 and the Africa agenda 2063. This review brings home the contributions of the multidimensional drivers of child nutrition to Nigerian children's overall health outcomes and food security status. In addition, it proffers possible solutions to these challenges to ensure the attainment of both the SDGs and Africa agenda indicators that address hunger, poverty, and the overall well-being of children. The study also emphasizes the importance of optimal nutrition to ensure that children reach their full potential, reduce the risk of childhood illness and chronic diseases in adulthood, and ultimately contribute significantly to the nation's labour force, productivity, and gross domestic product (GDP). Therefore, the study explores available online resources, peer-reviewed articles, books, and relevant reports from official websites that identify the drivers of children’s food and nutrition security status from Nigeria's perspective. Overall, in Nigeria, most preschool children do not consume sufficiently safe and nutritious diets for optimal growth and development; hence, they are just surviving but not thriving. Key words: Childhood, nutrition, preschool, components, pandemic, children, SDGs, Nigeria
Defocus-corrected analysis of the foveal Stiles–Crawford effect of the first kind across the visible spectrum

The Stiles–Crawford effect of the first kind describes a gradually diminished visibility of light that enters the eye towards the pupil rim. Although of retinal origin, it is commonly described by a Gaussian pupil apodization whose width is determined by a directionality parameter that depends on retinal eccentricity, wavelength and spatial coherence of the light. As the measurements are done psychophysically they are prone to subjective variations and difficult to obtain across the visible spectrum. In this work, requirements for accurate refractive correction when determining the directionality parameter at any given wavelength are discussed and we show that a current-controlled tunable liquid-polymer lens provides a convenient means to accomplish this without requiring mechanical readjustments. This may be the most convenient way to combat defocus across the visible spectrum in the analysis of the Stiles–Crawford effect as demonstrated through experiments and with a detailed Zemax eye-and-system analysis. The results obtained are discussed in relation to myopia and a reduced directionality for highly myopic eyes.
Measurement and reduction of system latency in see-through helmet mounted display (HMD) systems

Future military aviation platforms such as the proposed Joint Strike Fighter F-35 will integrate helmet mounted displays (HMDs) with the avionics and weapon systems to the degree that the HMDs will become the aircraft's primary display system. In turn, training of pilot flight skills using HMDs will be essential in future training systems. In order to train these skills using simulation based training, improvements must be made in the integration of HMDs with out-thewindow (OTW) simulations. Currently, problems such as latency contribute to the onset of simulator sickness and provide distractions during training with HMD simulator systems that degrade the training experience. Previous research has used Kalman predictive filters as a means of mitigating the system latency present in these systems. While this approach has yielded some success, more work is needed to develop innovative and improved strategies that reduce system latency as well as to include data collected from the user perspective as a measured variable during test and evaluation of latency reduction strategies. The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, the paper describes a new method to measure and assess system latency from the user perspective. Second, the paper describes use of the testbed to examine the efficacy of an innovative strategy that combines a customized Kalman filter with a neural network approach to mitigate system latency. Results indicate that the combined approach reduced system latency significantly when compared to baseline data and the traditional Kalman filter. Reduced latency errors should mitigate the onset of simulator sickness and ease simulator sickness symptomology. Implications for training systems will be discussed.
Mechanical properties of graphene under shear deformation

In this letter, we investigate the mechanical properties of graphene under shear deformation. Specifically, using molecular dynamics simulations, we compute the shear modulus, shear fracture strength, and shear fracture strain of zigzag and armchair graphene structures at various temperatures. To predict shear strength and fracture shear strain, we also present an analytical theory based on the kinetic analysis. We show that wrinkling behavior of graphene under shear deformation can be significant. We compute the amplitude to wavelength ratio of wrinkles using molecular dynamics and compare it with existing theory. Our results indicate that graphene can be a promising mechanical material under shear deformation.
The zero-error capacity region of the 2-user synchronous BAC is strictly smaller than its Shannon capacity region

New upper and lower bounds on the zero-error capacity region of the synchronous 2-user binary adder channel are given. The lower bound is in the form of a new uniquely decodable code with a sum rate higher than any previously reported such code. To derive the upper bound, we combine Van Tilborg's (1978) bound with Harper's (1966) isoperimetric inequality and a general information theoretic inequality. From this bound we conclude that the zero-error capacity region of the synchronous 2-user binary adder channel is strictly smaller than its associated Shannon capacity region.
Searching for supermassive Cahn-Glashow particles

A radiochemical technique, based on the /sup 14/N(n,p) /sup 14/C reaction, has failed to detect the presence of supermassive negatively charged particles (X/sup -/) in terrestrial carbon. The limits of X/sup -/ per nucleon of approx.2 x 10/sup -15/ are applicable to masses less than approx.10/sup 5/ amu. These limits are orders of magnitude lower than previously reported for X/sup -/ particles of this mass range bound to light nuclei in terrestrial samples. Examination of the geochemical and nucleosynthetic history of such particles suggests that, if present, they should be depleted in light elements and concentrated in elements of the iron region, possibly in meteorites.
Note---Rankings from Round-Robin Tournaments

In a December 1983 article in Management Science, Stephen Goddard studies the problem of ranking contestants in a round-robin tournament. He gives objections to the usual method of ranking contestants by number of victories and proposes both an alternative method for ranking contestants and a criterion for determining the “fairest” ranking. We argue here that his criterion is faulty and, in fact, falls prey to his own objections. We also show that his method, in any event, produces rankings which don't satisfy the criterion. Finally we describe a general class of models of competition which have been proposed to solve this problem and which lead to the usual method of ranking by number of victories.
Side-gate graphene field-effect transistors with high transconductance

We have fabricated epitaxial side-gate graphene field-effect transistors (FETs) with high transconductance. A side-gate graphene FET with 55 × 60 nm2 active channel dimensions and a lateral gate-channel separation of 95 nm showing a high transconductance of 590 mS/mm is presented. An estimation of the electrostatic gate-channel capacitance of epitaxial side-gate graphene FETs shows that it is in the same order as the electrostatic gate capacitance of common top-gate graphene MOSFETs justifying the high transconductances of our devices. The results of the present paper demonstrate the potential of the side-gate architecture for graphene transistors.
Atlas-based high-density diffuse optical tomography for imaging the whole human cortex

Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) for brain imaging has the potential to be an alternative human brain mapping technique when MRI imaging is not applicable. It recovers tissue chromophore concentrations of brain tissue through measures of light transmission to monitor for example the resting-state brain dynamics. This imaging technique relies on simulation of the light propagation which can be generated based on a subject-specific model. There has been some study on using rigid atlas models as alternatives for model based DOT when subject-specific anatomical data is not available; but there is still a lack of detailed analysis between geometrical accuracy and internal light propagation in tissue for atlas-based DOT. This work is focused on High-Density DOT (HD-DOT) of the whole cortex based on atlas models from 11 different rigid registration algorithms across 24 subjects, and the results are evaluated in 19 areas of the human head. The correlation between geometrical surface error and internal light propagation errors is strong in most area but varies in different regions from R2 = 0.74 in the region around top of the head to R2 = 0.98 in the region around the temples. In the 11 registration methods, basic-4-landmark registration with 4.2mm average surface error and 50% average internal light propagation errors is shown to be the least accurate registration method whereas full-head landmark with non-iterative point to point with 1.7mm average surface error and 32% average internal light propagation error is shown to be the most accurate registration method for atlas-based DOT.
The Effect of Electronic Human Resource Management (E-HRM) On Organizational Effectiveness through Employee’s Personal Traits An Applied Study on an EPC Company

This study aimed at investigating the effect of Electronic Human Resource Management (E-HRM) on Organizational Effectiveness through the Employees Personal Traits as mediator. For the purpose of the Study a Questionnaire was adopted based on previous studies. The questionnaire was close-ended questions and respondents were asked to rank their agreement with the statements indicated through 5-Likert scale to measure the Study variables; E-HRM (E-Recruitment and E-Selection, E-Training and E-Development, E-Performance Appraisal, E-Compensation), Organization Effectiveness and Employees’ Personal Traits with a second questionnaire to determine to which personal traits each employee belongs to. Respondents represent employees of an EPC Company in Egypt using the Oracle applied in the HRM system. The population size of the company is 740 employees and accordingly 450 questionnaires are to be distributed randomly in the EPC Company. The questionnaires collected back were 372 and were used in the statistical analysis of the Study. As per the statistical analysis it has been proved that E-HRM has a significant statistical impact on organizational effectiveness, also employees’ personal traits mediate the relationship between Electronic Human Resource Management (E-HRM) & organizational effectiveness.
Wireless Network Sensors Applications and Challenges in a Real-Life Environment

Wireless sensor network is authentic, cheap, reliable and suitable way to monitor and observe different and divergent types of physical domains. Now a days, a demand for scalable communication networks is increasing so the entities can be observed based on physical nature and environmental condition. Wireless sensor networks are very promoting in nature because of its precise sensing, cheap induction, and its flexible nature in sensor position. These wireless sensor networks assist for data collection and wirelessly collaboration between devices. These sensors technology gives the advantage of accessibility and convince as they are small and cheap and exert for analysis in several applications. But still these sensors are not perfect, they still need a lot of improvement for data and signal transmission, data routing and processing. Since WSN are only competent of constrained and limited transmission range, storage space and processing. In this paper we’ll discuss some issues that needs to improve in order to make efficient transmission and other related aspects. We’ll also discuss some applications that are used in real life environment. In the end we’ll give some solutions that will help to solve our discussed issues.
Generics as reflecting conceptual knowledge

Generics are proposed to reflect the nature of the conceptual system, whose prototype structure and vague boundaries make an unreliable basis for traditional treatments of truth and logic. Conceptual representations contain information that is considered germane and relevant to an understanding and familiarity with that concept. Such information includes fundamental or ontological features as well as information about the common or typical form that exemplars of the concept may take, and any other information that it is important for someone to know. Examples from the psychological literature are used to illustrate the relation between generics and the reasoning fallacies that can arise from dependence on similarity-based concepts. To understand the logic of generics, we should therefore look to the processes by which information becomes attached to, and a part of, the representation of a concept.
Potential Benefits and Challenges of Using Virtual Worlds in Saudi Arabia Secondary Schools

There are many potential benefits that virtual worlds may provide for improving learning, collaboration, motivation and therefore, the improvement of the academic performance of students. The virtual worlds may offer new experimental platforms through new interactions perceiving the changeable nature of technology. This study aimed to identify the challenges of using virtual worlds in schools in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher used the descriptive approach. The scale of challenges within the virtual world’s environments was applied to a random sample of 420 secondary school teachers in Jeddah, and the arithmetic averages were used to calculate the degree of challenges in the environments of virtual worlds, and the study reached the following results. It was found that the study members agreed on the physical challenges of using virtual worlds techniques from the point of view of secondary school teachers for boys in Jeddah (mean 4.30) and that the study members agreed on the skill challenges facing the teacher in applying virtual worlds techniques with mean of 4.26. Also, the study members agreed on the financial and administrative challenges in applying the virtual world’s techniques with a mean of 4.26. They agreed also on the possibilities of applying virtual worlds techniques with a mean of 3.47. Thus, the researcher recommended the provision of modern applications of devices that enable the application of the virtual world and the necessity of providing specialized courses in the field of virtual world’s technologies, as well as providing an adequate budget and making a strong infrastructure that enables the application of virtual
Development and Preliminary Validation of a Self-Report Measure of Psychopathic Personality Traits in Noncriminal Population

Research on psychopathy has been hindered by persisting difficulties and controver-sies regarding its assessment. The primary goals of this set of studies were to (a) develop, and initiate the construct validation of, a self-report measure that assesses the major personality traits of psychopathy in noncriminal populations and (b) clarify the nature of these traits via an exploratory approach to test construction. This measure, the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI), was developed by writing items to assess a large number of personality domains relevant to psychopathy and performing successive item-level factor analyses and revisions on three undergraduate samples. The PPI total score and its eight subscales were found to possess satisfactory internal consistency and test-retest reliability. In four studies with undergraduates, the PPI and its subscales exhibited a promising pattern of convergent and discriminant validity with self-report, psychiatric interview, observer rating, and family history data. In addition, the PPI total score demonstrated incremental validity relative to several commonly used self-report psychopathy-related measures. Future construct validational studies, unresolved conceptual issues regarding the assessment of psychopathy, and potential research uses of the PPI are outlined.
THE ROLE OF INDUSTRY COMPETITIVE INTENSITY ON THE FINANCIAL AND STRATEGIC PERFORMANCE OF FIRMS: AN INSIGHT INTO THE HERBAL COSMETIC INDUSTRY OF INDIA

Using an industrial-organizationalview, this paper sets out to examine the associationof the five forces of Porterwiththe financial and strategic performanceof the firm. The relevant study population is the marketing and project managers of Indian herbal cosmetic firms. Data were collected from 131 respondents using a surveymethod and analysis using Structural Equation Modelling was done. As per results, no threat from new entrantswas seen and there was no influence of buyers' bargaining power on the firms' performance.The bargaining power of the supplier significantlyinfluences strategic performance and not financial.Moreover, the threat of substitute products influences financial performance and not the strategic one. The competitive rivalry among the firms exerts a significantly positive impact on both strategic and financial performance.
NGC 5506: An X-ray Seyfert galaxy

Spectra of NGC 5506, an X-ray galaxy, show strong emission lines, with widths of permitted and forbidden lines > or approx. =1500 km s/sup -1/. Thus NGC 5506 is properly classified as a Seyfert 2 galaxy, rather than as a narrow line galaxy. The measured rotation curve shows velocities increasing out to r=48''=8.3 kpc; and a mass M/sub 8.3/approx.4 x 10/sup 10/M/sub sun/. The total mass is Mapprox.1 x 10/sup 11/M/sub sun/ if the rotation curve remains flat out to the de Vaucouleurs radius, r=15.0 kpc.
HW-TSC Submission for CCMT 2022 Translation Quality Estimation Task

This paper presents the method used by Huawei Translation Services Center (HW-TSC) in the quality estimation (QE) task — sentence-level post-editing effort estimation — in the 18th China Conference on Machine Translation (CCMT) 2022. This method is based on a predictor-estimator model. The predictor is an XLM-RoBERTa model pre-trained on a large-scale parallel corpus and extracts features from the source language text and machine-translated text. The estimator is a fully connected layer that is used to regress the post-editing distance scores using the extracted features. In the experiment, it is found that pre-training the predictor with the semantic textual similarity (STS) task in the parallel corpus and using augmented training data constructed by different machine translation (MT) engines can improve the prediction effect of the Human-targeted Translation Edit Rate (HTER) in both Chinese-English and English-Chinese tasks.
Policy Insights to Maritime Economy in Pakistan

In a post-COVID-19 world, diversifying the economy beyond land-based avenues of investment remains difficult due to lack of capital but paradoxically remains a significant option to spur economic growth in Pakistan. [. ]Pakistan's ocean and oceanic resources hold great potential to be leveraged, keeping up with the international practices of inclusive growth and community development. According to amendments, no federal tax (Custom duty, income tax, and sales tax) shall be levied on Pakistan resident ship owning companies during the exemption period. The shipping sector is highly capital intensive and requires long-term planning for financing. Besides this, Merchant Shipping Ordinance 2001 (MSO) also needs to be amended and revised to create synergy between the basic commitment in the policy and legal instrument for its implementation. According to the Ministry of Maritime Affairs, Pakistan can raise its share in transhipment to 200,000 TEUs, which can be further increased by removing procedural inefficiencies.
THE ANTECEDENTS AND CONSEQUENCES OF MULTI-FIRM TECHNOLOGY COORDINATION: AN ECOSYSTEM PERSPECTIVE

Multiparty technology coordination bodies that bring together hundreds of firms to define the technical rules of interaction between components in a product-system, are an increasingly influential organizational arrangement, as exemplified by the market success of technology standards such as WiFi, Bluetooth and HDMI. Yet we are limited in our understanding of the antecedents to such coordination, and, conditional on formation of a coordination structure, the factors that enableits success. We propose a conceptual framework that integrates research on alliances, coopetition, and ecosystems, and builds on the tension between value creation and value capture that is specific to the multilateral technology coordination context. Our two-part framework first proposes that the impetus to create value using multifirm coordination forums is spurred by the modular structure of the ecosystem, the distribution of firms’ knowledge and competitive positions within this structure, andthe extent to which potential complementarities from coordination are multilateral. We then suggest that the effectiveness of the decisions that emerge from these forums may ultimately be constrained by asymmetries across participating firms, both in terms of theirpotential for future value capture and theiradjustment costs of existing resources and capabilities as a consequence of the proposed rules.
Real-time Speaker Independent Recognition of Bimodal Produced Speech

— This paper presents the initial results in recognition of neutral speech and whispering in real-time, independent of a speaker. The speech database used for training is Whi-Spe. The system for training and testing is based on the Sphinx-4 recognition platform. The experiments in recognition showed average recognition accuracy of 86.2% (for normal speech) and 66.2% (for whisper). Compared to the recognition in controlled conditions, significant drop of the performance is observed in real-time recognition, for both speech modes.
Diseases That Are Emerging And Re-Emerging: A Recent Update On The Situation In India

: Emerging infections are those that have recently appeared in a population or that have existed in the past but are now rapidly extending their global network or prevalence. [1] Re-emerging infections are those that were formerly serious health issues, have drastically improved, but have only lately returned, posing serious health risks. [7] According to reports, some animal reservoirs are the source of around 75% of all known EIDs. Numerous elements, such as human behavior, microbial adaptations, the environment, globalisation, and public health infrastructure, have an impact on the formation of EIDs and REIDs. There should be a comprehensive national policy on infectious diseases that addresses the problems of newly and re-emerging illnesses and spans all pertinent governmental and non-governmental sectors.