Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coupled modeling of hydrogeochemical and electrical resistivity data for exploring the impact of recharge on subsurface contamination

The application of geophysical methods, in particular, electrical resistivity measurements, may be useful for monitoring subsurface contamination. However, interpreting geophysical data without additional data and without considering the associated hydrogeochemical processes is challenging since the geophysical response is sensitive to not only heterogeneity in rock properties but also to the saturation and chemical composition of pore fluids. We present an inverse modeling framework that incorporates the simulation of hydrogeochemical processes and time‐lapse electrical resistivity data and apply it to various borehole and cross‐borehole data sets collected in 2008 near the S‐3 Ponds at the U.S. Department of Energy's Oak Ridge Integrated Field Research Challenge site, where efforts are underway to better understand freshwater recharge and associated contaminant dilution. Our goal is to show that the coupled hydrogeochemical‐geophysical modeling framework can be used to (1) develop a model that honors all the available data sets, (2) help understand the response of the geophysical data to subsurface properties and processes at the site, and (3) allow for the estimation of petrophysical parameters needed for interpreting the geophysical data. We present a series of cases involving different data sets and increasingly complex models and find that the approach provides useful information about soil properties, recharge‐related transport processes, and the geophysical response. Spatial heterogeneity of the petrophysical model can be described sufficiently with two layers, and its parameters can be estimated concurrently with the hydrogeochemical parameters. For successful application of the approach, the parameters of interest must be sensitive to the available data, and the experimental conditions must be carefully modeled.
A mobile application to aid emergency response through multi-stakeholders’ collaboration

The impact of timely response to road emergencies cannot be overemphasized. Responding quickly to road emergencies makes it possible for emergency responders to save lives and properties. It is believed that one-minute improvement in response time can result in six percent (6%) increase in the lives saved. Emergency responders depend on the road networks that other road users also depend upon for their day-to-day activities. All stakeholders (emergency responders inclusive) must therefore, cooperatively and collaboratively use the road networks to, particularly, allow responders have priority access on the roads. This article thus, suggests the use of a mobile application to include the various stakeholders in emergency response operation cycle, ranging from reporting and notification to awareness creation and information dissemination and, all the other related activities.
Variability of soil water content along a transect in a desert area

Abstract Spatial variation patterns of soil water content are investigated along a bare soil transect covering a crest-to-crest spacing (about 60 m) in a shifting sand dune area. Soil water content analyses from gravimetrical soil sampling and neutron probe observations are shown to give different information regarding variability patterns. Gravimetrical sampling displays a large effect of a small rainfall (4·5 mm) on spatial and temporal variability patterns. These effects are not clearly distinguishable from the neutron sond observations. Both gravimetrical and neutron sond observations display a small-scale variation that needs to be further investigated in order to be explained.
Comparison of the main pathogenic microorganisms of various common oral diseases in children and adults

The microorganisms in the human body gradually change and maintain a dynamic balance with the development of physiology and pathology. Oral microbiota is one of the most important microbiota in human body. It is not only closely related to the occurrence and development of oral diseases, but also plays an important role in the overall health. In childhood, the population of oral microorganisms is relatively small, but with the growth of age and tooth development, the species and quantity of oral microorganisms are gradually increasing. Different oral diseases also have their corresponding main microorganisms, and these dominant microorganisms change at different stages of the disease. In this review, we summarized and compared the main pathogenic microorganisms of several common oral diseases in children and adults. In addition, the possible association and difference between adults and children of the main pathogenic microorganisms in different stages of the same or different diseases are also discussed in order to provide research data for the development and diagnosis of common oral diseases in children and adults.
New Analysis and Design Techniques for Arbitrary Reactance Trap Dipoles

The work presents a significantly revised analysis of a classic resonator loaded antenna– the trap dipole. The authors demonstrate in calculation, simulation, and measurement that trap dipoles antennas are not matched or resonant at the same frequency as the trap load resonance. The new analysis unites traditional high impedance trap loads with a wide variety of resonant and reactive loads to achieve multiband antenna performance with quasi-first order field distributions at the operating frequencies. The revised analysis enables the trap dipole to be expanded into a new framework for the design of a wide variety of multi-band or reconfigurable resonator loaded antennas.
In Situ Densities of Morb Melts and Residual Mantle: Implications for Buoyancy Forces beneath Mid-Ocean Ridges

Recent theoretical studies of mid-ocean ridge (MOR) accretion have shown that the density differences between silicate melt and solid phases and between fertile and residual mantle may be important controls on the upward flow of upper mantle and separation of melt from the upwelling matrix. Both compositional and thermal buoyancy may play an important role. To assess quantitatively the magnitude of these effects, we have compiled the available data for calculating densities of silicate melts and solid phases as a function of composition, temperature (1000-1500°C), and pressure (1 atm to any pressure where the solid phases of interest remain stable ). We include measured and calculated values of thermal expansion and compressibility for both solids and liquids. Our calculations for mantle material undergoing decompression-induced melting show that density differences between instantaneous melt and residual solids increase toward the surface, implying an increasing melt migration rate with continuing upwelling and melting. However, the density difference is significantly less than the value of $$\sim 0.5 g-cm^{-3}$$ commonly assumed in theoretical models. In agreement with previous studies, we also find that residual mantle is less dense than unmelted mantle; however, using realistic pressures for MORB generation, the difference is small.
Analyzing RNA-Seq Gene Expression Data for Cancer Classification Through ML Approach

— Purpose : Ribonucleic Acid Sequencing (RNA-Seq) is a technique that allows an efficient genome-wide analysis of gene expressions. Such analysis is a strategy for identifying hidden patterns in data, and those related to cancer-specific biomarkers. Prior analyses without samples of different cancer kinds used RNA-Seq data from the same type of cancer as the positive and negative samples. Therefore, different cancer types must be evaluated to uncover differentially expressed genes and perform multiple cancer classifications. Problem : Since gene expression reflects both the genetic make-up of an organism and the biochemical activities occurring in tissue and cells, it can be crucial in the early identification of cancer. The aim of this study is to classify the RNA-Sequence data into five different cancer forms, such as LUAD, BRCA, KIRC, LUSC, and UCEC, through an ensemble approach of machine learning algorithms. RNA-Seq data for five different cancer types from the UCI Machine Learning Repository are examined in this research. Methods : As a first step, the relevant features of RNA-Seq are extricated using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Then, the extricated features are given to the ensemble of machine learning classifiers to classify the type of cancer. The ensemble of classifiers is built using Support Vector Machine (SVM), Naive Bayes (NB), and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN). Results : The results demonstrated that the proposed ensemble classifier outperformed the existing machine-learning approaches with an accuracy of 99.59%.
Climate change policy and practice in regional New Zealand: How are actors negotiating science and policy?

Regional governance to address climate change is being constituted in New Zealand through domestic policy measures and international discourses. We examine climate change responses in two regions: Marlborough and Waikato. Infor- mants expressed a desire for more transparent government policy; that planning for climate change makes good business sense for farmers and other businesses; that technology is sought to increase productivity and decrease environmental impact; and research networks build capacity for local action, linking sectors and organisations. Often conflicting, these responses to climate change were informed by a mix of discourses shaping New Zealand, including participatory democracy, the knowledge economy and sustainable development.
Recognition of camouflage targets with hyper-spectral polarization imaging system

On the basis of the principle of polarization detection, a hyper-spectral polarization imaging system, which is based on linear polarizer and acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF), was designed to detect and recognize camouflage target intelligently and rapidly in this paper. Our design has neither moving parts nor modulation, and has fast and electronically tuning property, so a quick scan of spectrum at 400 nm~1000 nm can be realized electronically. At the same time, it not only could obtain the intensity image, hyper-spectral information, but also could acquire polarization signatures of the scene. Then the spectral polarization experiment about aluminous plane which covered with the bottle green, shallow green and khaki camouflage pigments within meadow were conducted at specifically wavelength by the instrument. Finally, the polarization information of the man-made targets and natural background in the scene, and the fusion image based on HIS color space were deduced through processing the experiment data. The experimental result demonstrates that the polarization characteristics of camouflage pigments were different from that of natural background. As the contrast of target and background could be enhanced by polarization information, the camouflage target could be identified effectively from the image according to polarization information. On the other hand, the camouflage target is more obvious in the fused image. Therefore, the proposed method and the system in this paper are reasonable and effective. Consequently, the hyper-spectral polarization detection technique which relative to the classical intensity detection is of significance to improve the accuracy of recognition of camouflage targets in mixed background under proper detection condition.
Effects of extended growing season and soil warming on carbon dioxide and methane exchange of tussock tundra in Alaska

The active season of tussock tundra was extended during two growing seasons (1995 and 1996) by snow removal in early season and prevention of snow accumulation in late season to test the effects of a longer growing season on tundra carbon exchange. Three treatments were established: extended season, extended season + soil warming, and controls. Soil warming was accomplished using cold-frame, resistance heating wire installed the year prior to the initiation of treatments. Diurnal courses of CO2 exchange were measured weekly using infrared gas analysis with enclosed chamber techniques. Methane fluxes were measured two to three times a season also using enclosure methods. In 1995, snowmelt occurred unusually early, and snow removal treatments increased the season only 9–10 days. In 1996 the early season was increased approximately 24 days. As expected, thaw depth, soil temperature, and plant growth were greater earlier in the extended season and extended season + soil heating plots. Methane fluxes in both seasons were low but tended to be higher in the extended season and soil heated plots. Net ecosystem CO2 fluxes were similar among treatments early in the season, with a tendency toward more positive fluxes (system loss) for the snow removal and wanned plots, possibly due to higher belowground respiration. During midseason, fluxes were similar among the treatments. Later in the season, fluxes of extended season and warmed plots tended to be lower (less carbon loss) than controls, especially in 1995. Totaled over the season, however, the fluxes of the three treatments did not statistically differ and represented losses to the atmosphere. Measurements of dark respiration in 1996 indicate that both respiration and uptake were increased on the extended season plots, resulting in similar net fluxes to controls.
Barium, equatorial high productivity, and the northward wandering of the Indian continent

High concentrations of biologically precipitated barite characterize the deep-sea sediments underlying the equatorial high-productivity belt of the Indian Ocean. By studying the barium distribution in five Deep Sea Drilling Project cores (213–217), drilled in the eastern Indian Ocean north of and below the present high-productivity zone, it is possible to determine the times when the different coring sites passed beneath the zone. From this information, net northward spreading rates of the Indian plate can be deduced. The results suggest that northward movement was very rapid during the early and middle Paleogene, slow during the mid-Cenozoic, and then rapid again from the Late Miocene onwards. The Late Miocene revitalization of active seafloor spreading south of the Indian continent coincides with the main phase of the Himalayan uplift. Supplemental tables are availablewith entire article on microfiche. Orderfrom American Geophysical Union, 2000Florida Avenue, N. W. , Washington, D. C. ,20009. Document P86-002; $2.00. Paymentmust accompany order.
AI-driven real-time optics control system to achieve aberration-free coherent wavefronts at fourth-generation synchrotron radiation and free electron laser beamlines

In experiments utilizing fourth-generation synchrotron radiation and Free Electron Laser (FEL) beamlines, a primary challenge for X-ray optical elements is to achieve and maintain high-intensity focused x-ray beams with near-perfect wavefront quality and high stability. These optical elements inherently demand more stringent specifications than those for other applications because of the shorter wavelength and the ultra-small emittance of the radiation beams from these sources. Coherent photons from diffraction-limited light sources further underscore the necessity for a controlled wavefront. Maintaining a uniform wavefront is crucial for phase-sensitive imaging techniques and for various coherent x-ray scattering experiments, such as tomography, coherent x-ray diffraction imaging, x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy and coherent surface scattering imaging. Therefore, x-ray optics must be manufactured close to ideal mathematical shapes, automatically align and focus beams according to experimental needs, and offer real-time correction to wavefront deformations. At the Advanced Photon Source (APS), we have demonstrated the application of a neural network model to automatically control deformable mirrors and the use of Bayesian optimization with Gaussian processes to align and stabilize focusing optical systems.
Propuesta de un índice para medir la capacidad de absorción de las MIPYMES costarricenses

espanolLa gestion del conocimiento se ha converti- do en un elemento clave para el desempeno de las empresas en el mundo actual. La capacidad de absorcion, segun la evidencia empirica disponi- ble, se relaciona estrechamente con dicha gestion del conocimiento. El objetivo del presente arti- culo es proponer un indicador que permita cuan- tificar la capacidad de absorcion de las empresas costarricenses. A partir del enfoque de Vega-Ju- rado, Gutierrez-Garcia y Fernandez de Lucio(2008), se construyo un indice compuesto por tres factores: conocimiento organizacional, for- malizacion y mecanismos de integracion social. La informacion usada provino de una encuesta a 1167 micros, pequenas y medianas empresas costarricenses efectuada por el Observatorio de Mipymes. En el articulo se calcula el indice y se verifica la solidez estadistica por sectores y tamanos de empresas, y se exponen diferencias interesantes encontradas. EnglishNowadays, knowledge management has become a key element in the performance of companies. The absorption capacity, according to the available evidence, is closely related to the knowledge management. The aim of this article is to propose an indicator that allows quantifying the absorption capacity of Costa Rican companies. Based on the approach of Vega-Jurado et al. (2008), an index composed of three factors was defined: organizational knowledge, formalization, and mechanisms of social integration. The information used came from a survey applied by the Observatory of SMEs to 1167 micros, small and medium-sized Costa Rican companies. In the article, the index is calculated, and the statistical robustness is verified by sectors and sizes of enterprises, providing interesting differences.
GPR characterization of a lacustrine UXO site

We used 135-MHz ground-penetrating-radar (GPR) reflection profiles to determine if high-explosive (HE) depth bombs were possibly detonated within a small New England lake formerly used as a bombing range, as well as the depths and distribution of inert and possibly unexploded ordnance (UXO) within the subbottom sediments. Maximum water depth was 8.6 m . The primary munitions were unarmed practice bombs, but terrestrial fragments from HE depth bombs led us to seek stratigraphic obliteration and distortion as evidence of their use. The low water conductivity and quartz-rich sediments provided more than 8 m of subbottom penetration beneath slope and shelf sediments. The high permittivities of the water and subbottom sediments provided good antenna directivity, excellent 2D migrations, multicentimeter vertical resolution, and a unique pulse waveform signature for metal objects. Our line profiles revealed hundreds of subbottom diffractions, which implied an areal distribution of thou-sands of suspicious object.
A comprehensive approach to the study of methane‐seep deposits from the Lincoln Creek Formation, western Washington State, USA

ABSTRACT A comprehensive approach using palaeontology, petrography, stable isotope geochemistry and biomarker analyses was applied to the study of seven small methane‐seep carbonate deposits. These deposits are in the Oligocene part of the Lincoln Creek Formation, exposed along the Canyon and Satsop Rivers in western Washington. Each deposit preserves invertebrate fossils, many representing typical seep biota. Authigenic carbonates with δ13C values as low as −51‰ PDB reveal that the carbon is predominately methane derived. Carbonates contain the irregular isoprenoid hydrocarbons 2,6,11,15‐tetramethylhexadecane (crocetane) and 2,6,10,15,19‐pentamethylicosane (PMI), lipid biomarkers diagnostic for archaea. These lipids are strongly depleted in 13C (δ13C values as low as −120‰ PDB), indicating that archaea were involved in the anaerobic oxidation of methane. Small filaments preserved in the carbonate may represent methanotrophic archaea. Archaeal methanogenesis induced the formation of a late diagenetic phase, brownish calcite, consisting of dumbbell‐shaped crystal aggregates that exhibit δ13C values as high as +7‰ PDB. Clotted microfabrics of primary origin point to microbial mediation of carbonate precipitation. Downward‐directed carbonate aggregation in the seeps produced inverted stromatactoid cavities. Large filaments, interpreted as green algae based on their size, shape, arrangement and biomarkers, imply that deposition occurred, in places, in water no deeper than 210 m.
Retrospective Study of IDegLira, a New Fixed-Ratio Combination, in Japanese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Analysis of Background Factors Affecting Effectiveness After 6 Months of Treatment

Background The aim of the study was to provide real-world data on the effectiveness and safety of a new fixed-ratio combination, insulin degludec/liraglutide (IDegLira) injection in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods The primary endpoint was the change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level 6 months after the introduction of IDegLira. We also examined the rate of achievement of target HbA1c 7% and the individualized HbA1c targets set for each patient. Baseline characteristics associated with the change in HbA1c were also assessed. Seventy-five patients with T2DM were included in the analysis. Results After the initiation of IDegLira, HbA1c decreased significantly from baseline with a change of -1.81% (baseline 9.61% and at 6 months 7.80%; P < 0.001). At baseline, the achievement rate of 7% HbA1c was 2.67% (n = 2), which increased to 36.0% (n = 27) after 6 months of IDegLira introduction (P < 0.05). The attainment rate of individualized HbA1c targets, which were set considering each patient’s characteristics, improved from 2.67% (n = 2) to 49.3% (n = 37) (P < 0.001). Regardless of sex, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, duration of diabetes, or history of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist use, IDegLira significantly reduced HbA1c, but a higher C-peptide index was associated with a greater reduction in HbA1c. Conclusion In this study, initiation of IDegLira in a real-world clinical setting was beneficial in lowering HbA1c in Japanese T2DM patients with inadequate glycemic control with existing therapy.
Near-infrared (1.3-2.4 mu m) spectra of alteration minerals; potential for use in remote sensing

Reflection spectra of particulate samples of minerals that commonly occur in hydrothermally altered rocks and soils were recorded to display their features at their natural spectral bandwidths in the near-infrared from 1.3 to 2.4 mu m. Atmospheric transmission spectra were recorded over limited wavelength segments in the same region to demonstrate the availability of some of the diagnostic mineral bands that occur close to regions of intense absorption. Changes occur in the appearance of all these spectra caused by instrumental factors such as less than adequate spectral resolution and response time. The features in the mineral spectra are sufficiently characteristic to be used for analytical purposes, especially including those near 1.4 mu m which are unavailable for remote-sensing activities because of atmospheric obscuration. For remote-sensing purposes, the features in the 2.2-mu m region are emphasized as particularly valuable because they are common to alteration minerals and allow discrimination from nonalteration minerals which provide features only as close as 2.4 mu m. Detection of unique features near 1.76 mu m that occur only in alunite and gypsum is possible through the atmosphere and so provides diagnostic potential. The location and shape of mineral spectral features are retained unaltered in the spectra of rocks, and intensity with which they appear is governed by the accessibility of the particular mineral in the rock to the interacting radiation. For remote-sensing purposes, it appears that at least two 0.1-mu m wide filters in the 2.2-mu m region would be necessary to unambiguously identify the presence or absence of alteration minerals, and that judicious selection of the exact location of filters could provide finer discrimination.