Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
OPINION Established disease-modifying treatments in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis

The treatment algorithm for RRMS is becoming increasingly complex with the ever-expanding armamentarium of DMTs. The choice of DMT will become an increasingly individual decision, based on a number of factors, including disease activity and severity, safety/tolerability profile and patient preference. Neurologists treating patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) will need a thorough knowledge of efficacy, safety and tolerability of the spectrum of DMTs available for treatment of RRMS to provide comprehensive clinical care.
Surveillance et évaluation du risque de transmission des maladies vectorielles émergentes : apport de la capacité vectorielle Exemple de la fièvre catarrhale du mouton

Les maladies animales vectorielles sont devenues depuis 2000 une preoccupation majeure pour la France et certains pays de l'Union Europeenne du fait de l'apparition, la persistance et l'expansion de virus pathogenes en provenance de regions du Sud. La fievre catarrhale du mouton (FCM) est un bon exemple de la progression en zone temperee d'arboviroses tropicales sous l'effet, semble-t-il, de l'extension de son vecteur principal sur le littoral mediterraneen europeen (Corse, iles Baleares, Catalogne, Italie, Sardaigne, Sicile, Var). L'objectif de cette these est a la fois d'etudier les outils methodologiques et diagnostiques disponibles pour evaluer les risques lies a la FCM et d'en developper d'autres afin d'ameliorer la surveillance de cette maladie en France. Une premiere etude a constitue en l'evaluation des performances epidemiologiques du test serologique (ELISA de competition) utilise pour le diagnostic et la surveillance de la FCM en Corse et sur le continent francais. Une analyse du plan de surveillance de la circulation virale dans le contexte particulier corse a egalement ete conduite. Elle a permis notamment d'identifier les points critiques de ce dispositif. Suite a la detection de la presence de Culicoides imicola, vecteur biologique implique dans la circulation du virus de la FCM (BTV) sur le pourtour mediterraneen, dans la vallee de l'Argens (departement du Var), le besoin de developper de nouveaux outils pour surveiller et evaluer le risque de transmission de ce virus dans des zones d'implantation recente est devenu necessaire. Une etude entomologique a ainsi ete mise en place dans la vallee de l'Argens afin i) de confirmer l'installation de C. imicola dans cette zone, ii) de suivre la dynamique de cette population sur une saison d'activite, iii) de collecter des donnees entomologiques pour estimer le potentiel de transmission de cette population de vecteurs. Un modele stochastique de capacite vectorielle regroupant des donnees specifiques des populations locales de C. imicola et des donnees publiees dans la litterature est ainsi propose. Une etude de la competence de C. imicola vis-a-vis du serotype 9 de la FCM a, de plus, ete initiee. La discussion generale s'attarde sur les points qui semblent importants pour ameliorer le dispositif de surveillance et avancer vers la mise en place d'un systeme d'alerte precoce. Elle ouvre egalement de nouvelles perspectives pour prolonger l'approche integrative proposee en incluant notamment des travaux de geomatique inities sur C. imicola. Elle pose, de plus, la question d'un passage a une echelle d'etude plus large. Les questions de recherche que pose l'epizootie recente de FCM dans le Nord de l'Europe sont finalement examinees.
Aggressive nasopalatine duct cyst with complete destruction of palatine bone

Nasopalatine duct cyst is the nonodontogenic developmental cyst, frequently occurring in the midline of the anterior maxillary region. The clinical presentation of the cyst is often varied and presents a diagnostic difficulty and frequently misdiagnosed as developmental or inflammatory odontogenic cystic lesion. This paper represents a large infected nasopalatine duct cyst presenting with complete destruction of anterior palate and pyriform rim.
Memory-type CD8+ T cells protect IL-2 receptor alpha-deficient mice from systemic infection with herpes simplex virus type 2.

IL-2Ralpha-deficient (IL-2Ralpha(-/-)) mice exhibit an impaired activation-induced cell death for T cells and develop abnormal T cell activation with age. In our study, we found that IL-2Ralpha(-/-) mice at the age of 5 wk contained an increased number of CD44(+)CD69(-)CD8(+) T cells in lymph nodes, which expressed a high intensity of IL-2Rbeta and vigorously proliferated in response to a high dose of IL-15 or IL-2. The T cells produced a large amount of IFN-gamma in response to IL-15 plus IL-12 in a TCR-independent bystander manner. When IL-2Ralpha(-/-) mice were inoculated i.p. with HSV type 2 (HSV-2) 186 strain, they showed resistance to the infection accompanied by an increased level of serum IL-15. The depletion of CD8(+) T cells by in vivo administration of anti-CD8 mAb rendered IL-2Ralpha(-/-) mice susceptible to HSV-2-induced lethality. These results suggest that memory-type CD8(+) T cells play a novel role in the protection against HSV-2 infection in IL-2Ralpha(-/-) mice.
Transnational Television, Cultural Identity and Change: When STAR Came to India

About the book: When STAR TV began broadcasting into India in 1992, it was at the vanguard of an influx of transnational television networks trying to tap into one of the world's largest consumer markets. STAR's Western programming, bold marketing, and its later ownership by one of the world's largest media conglomerates, Rupert Murdoch's News Corporation, saw thename inextricably linked with the debate surrounding cultural change in India in the 1990s. This book is not just a history of the development of TV in India, nor solely an exploration of its impact. It measures cultural change by looking at changing perceptions of Indianness, or the understanding of what it means to call oneself an Indian, and the role of transnational TV in the process of defining, creating and maintaining that identity
Collagen receptor cross-talk determines (cid:2) -smooth muscle actin-dependent collagen gene expression in angiotensin II–stimulated cardiac fibroblasts

Excessive collagen deposition by myofibroblasts during adverse cardiac remodeling leads to myocardial fibrosis that can compromise cardiac function. Unraveling the mechanisms underlying collagen gene expression in cardiac myofibroblasts is therefore an important clinical goal. The collagen receptors, discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2), a collagen-specific receptor tyrosine kinase, and integrin- (cid:3) 1, are reported to mediate tissue fibrosis. Here, we probed the role of DDR2–integrin- (cid:3) 1 cross-talk in the regulation of collagen (cid:2) 1(I) gene expression in angiotensin II (Ang II)-stimulated cardiac fibroblasts. Results from gene silencing/overexpression approaches, electrophoretic mobility shift assays, and ChIP revealed that DDR2 acts via extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2 mitogen-acti-vated protein kinase (ERK1/2 MAPK)-dependent transforming growth factor- (cid:3) 1 (TGF- (cid:3) 1) signaling to activate activator protein-1 (AP-1) that in turn transcriptionally enhances the ex-pressionofcollagen-bindingintegrin- (cid:3)
Advances in the Characterization of Industrial Minerals

The use of minerals by man is as old as the human race. In fact the advancement of human civilization has been intimately associated with the exploitation of raw materials. It is not by chance that the distinction of the main historical eras is based on the type of raw materials used. Hence the passage from the Paleolithic and Neolithic Age to the Bronze Age is characterized by the introduction of basic metals, mainly copper, zinc and tin, to human activities and the Iron Age was marked by the introduction of iron. Since then the use of metals has increased and culminated in the industrial revolution in the mid-eighteenth century which marked the onset of the industrial age in the western world. However, during the past 50 years, although metals were equally important to western economies as they had been previously, the amount of metals extracted annually in western countries has decreased significantly and metal mining activity shifted mainly to third world countries (in Africa, South America, Asia) and Australia, due to economic and environmental constraints. At the same time the role of industrial minerals has become increasingly important for the western economies and today, in developed EU countries, the production of industrial minerals has surpassed by far the production of metals. In some EU countries, metal mining activities have stopped completely. The importance of industrial minerals is expected to increase further in the future.
Genetic and Pharmacological Screens Converge in Identifying Flip, Bcl2 and Iap Proteins as Key Regulators of Sensitivity to the Trail-inducing Anti-cancer Agent Onc201/tic10

Running title: FLIP and Mcl-1 as regulators of ONC201 sensitivity Author manuscripts have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet been edited. Abstract ONC201/TIC10 is a small molecule inducer of the TRAIL gene under current investigation as a novel anticancer agent. In this study, we identify critical molecular determinants of ONC201 sensitivity offering potential utility as pharmacodynamic or predictive response markers. By screening a library of kinase siRNAs in combination with a subcytotoxic dose of ONC201, we identified several kinases that ablated tumor cell sensitivity, including the MAPK pathway inducer KSR1. Unexpectedly, KSR1 silencing did not affect MAPK signaling in the presence or absence of ONC201, but instead reduced expression of the anti-apoptotic proteins FLIP, Mcl-1, Bcl-2, cIAP1, cIAP2, and survivin. In parallel to this work, we also conducted a synergy screen in which ONC201 was combined with approved small molecule anticancer drugs. In multiple cancer cell populations, ONC201 synergized with diverse drug classes including the multi-kinase inhibitor sorafenib. Notably, combining ONC201 and sorafenib led to synergistic induction of TRAIL and its receptor DR5 along with a potent induction of cell death. In a mouse xenograft model of hepatocellular carcinoma, we demonstrated that ONC201 and sorafenib cooperatively and safely triggered tumor regressions. Overall, our results established a set of determinants for ONC201 sensitivity that may predict therapeutic response, particularly in settings of sorafenib co-treatment to enhance anticancer responses. Author manuscripts have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet been edited.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Mixture Models for Clustering and Dimension Reduction Verbeek

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Aspectos de la biología poblacional en el campo de Anolis aquaticus, Sauria: Polychridae en Costa Rica

Se estudio Anolis aquaticus (Taylor, 1956) en la quebrada La Palma de Puriscal (9o45’N, 84o27’O). Metodos de muestreo sistematicos mensuales en captura, recaptura y medidas fueron desarrollados durante el estudio. El color de ambos sexos de los A. a. es marron con bandas verde claro verticales en el cuerpo y la cola; cuando salieron de las grietas presentaron color marron oscuro sin bandas. El macho es de mayor tamano que la hembra en las 13 regiones corporales medidas. Los machos mantienen en su territorio de una a tres hembras, las hembras no toleran el ingreso de otra hembra a su territorio. La proporcion de sexo en la poblacion, no vario de 1:1. Las hembras alcanzan la madurez sexual entre los 4 y 6 meses y los machos entre los 5 y 7 meses, despues del nacimiento. Luego de un desove hembras menores de 64 mm de Longitud Hocico Ano (LHA), recuperan su peso facilmente, mientras que hembras mayores de 64 mm de LHA, no lo recuperan, algunas no lo logran y mueren por inanicion. Las tasas de crecimiento en LHA y peso, son aproximadamente iguales en ambos sexos adultos y difieren significativamente, de la, de los juveniles. Existe una sustancial diferencia entre las tasas de crecimiento de animales creciendo en cautiverio con los que crecen en condiciones naturales. En el porcentaje de reclutamiento, los sexos no son diferentes. Informacion es discutida mas adelante.
Drug Efflux Transporters and Multidrug Resistance in Acute Leukemia: Therapeutic Impact and Novel Approaches to Mediation

Multidrug resistance (MDR), which is mediated by multiple drug efflux ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, is a critical issue in the treatment of acute leukemia, with permeability glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1, and breast cancer resistance protein (i.e., ABCG2) consistently being shown to be key effectors of MDR in cell line studies. Studies have demonstrated that intrinsic MDR can arise as a result of specific gene expression profiles and that drug-induced overexpression of P-gp and other MDR proteins can result in acquired resistance, with multiple ABC transporters having been shown to be overexpressed in cell lines selected for resistance to multiple drugs used to treat acute leukemia. Furthermore, numerous anticancer drugs, including agents commonly used for the treatment of acute leukemia (e.g., doxorubicin, vincristine, mitoxantrone, and methotrexate), have been shown to be P-gp substrates or to be susceptible to efflux mediated by other MDR proteins, and multiple clinical studies have demonstrated associations between P-gp or other MDR protein expression and responses to therapy or survival rates in acute leukemia. Here we review the importance of MDR in cancer, with a focus on acute leukemia, and we highlight the need for rapid accurate assessment of MDR status for optimal treatment selection. We also address the latest research on overcoming MDR, from inhibition of P-gp and other MDR proteins through various approaches (including direct antagonism and gene silencing) to the design of novel agents or novel delivery systems for existing therapeutic agents, to evade cellular efflux.
Efectos de la diversidad de especies en el funcionamiento de los ecosistemas

En los ultimos siglos, las actividades humanas han causado extinciones e introducciones de especies cuyas consecuencias ecologicas son dificiles de valorar. En este ensayo se mues-tran algunos ejemplos de las implicaciones que este fenomeno ha tenido en los procesos de los ecosistemas. Tambien se discuten estudios referentes al efecto de la riqueza de las espe-cies. El impacto de la extincion e introduccion de especies depende de su similitud con las otras especies de la comunidad. Los efectos seran mayores cuando las especies influyan en la disponibilidad y consumo de recursos y en el regimen de perturbacion. Un mayor nume-ro de especies aumenta la eficiencia en el uso de recursos y ademas ofrece seguridad fren-te a cambios ambientales.
regulates mitochondrial fatty-acid oxidation by reversible enzyme deacetylation.

Sirtuins are NAD + -dependent protein deacetylases and mediate adaptive responses to a variety of stresses, including calorie restriction and metabolic stress. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is localized in the mitochondrial matrix where it regulates the acetylation levels of metabolic enzymes, including acetyl coenzyme A synthetase 21,2. Mice lacking both SIRT3 alleles appear phenotypically normal under basal conditions, but show marked hyperacetylation of several mitochondrial proteins3. We report that SIRT3 expression is upregulated during fasting in liver and brown adipose tissues. Livers from mice lacking SIRT3 show higher levels of fatty acid oxidation intermediate products and triglycerides during fasting associated with decreased levels of fatty acid oxidation when compared to of LCAD its enzymatic SIRT3 of fatty acid oxidation disorders during fasting levels and intolerance to cold exposure. identify acetylation as a for fatty acid that intermediary fatty acid fasting.
The role of summer surface wind anomalies in the summer Arctic sea ice extent in 2010 and 2011

Strong summertime anticyclonic wind anomalies over the Arctic Ocean, with anomalous flow toward the Fram Strait, during summer months of 2007 contributed to the record‐low the Arctic sea‐ice extent observed in September of that year. Had the summer winds over the Arctic during the summers of 2010 and 2011 been the same as those in 2007, September sea ice extent would have reached new record lows in those years as well. By regulating the flow of ice toward and through the Fram Strait, variations in low‐level winds over the Arctic have contributed to the month‐to‐month, year‐to‐year, and decade‐to‐decade variability of sea ice extent.
Joint Scene and Object Tracking for Cost-Effective Augmented Reality Assisted Patient Positioning in Radiation Therapy

$\textrm{Background and Objective:}$ The research done in the field of Augmented Reality (AR) for patient positioning in radiation therapy is scarce. We propose an efficient and cost-effective algorithm for tracking the scene and the patient to interactively assist the patient's positioning process by providing visual feedback to the operator. $\textrm{Methods:}$ We have taken advantage of the marker mapper algorithm combined with other steps including generalized ICP to track the patient. We track the environment using the UcoSLAM algorithm. The alignment between the 3D reference model and body marker map is calculated employing our efficient body reconstruction algorithm. $\textrm{Results}:$ Our quantitative evaluation shows that we were able to achieve an average rotational error of 1.77 deg and a translational error of 7.28 mm. Our algorithm performed with an average frame rate of 19 fps. Furthermore, the qualitative results demonstrate the usefulness of our algorithm in patient positioning on different human subjects. $\textrm{Conclusion:}$ Since our algorithm achieves a relatively high frame rate and accuracy without the usage of a dedicated GPU employing a regular laptop, it is a very cost-effective AR-based patient positioning method.
Agrotechnically Induced Salinization in the Unsaturated Zone of Loessial Soils, N.W. Negev, Israela

Extensive agricultural activity often increases the salt load of the unsaturated zone. The focus of the study was a field investigation of the effects of saline-water irrigation and gypsum addition in a semiarid region with loessial soils, where intensive evaporation conditions prevail. Using drilling (∼20 m) to obtain sedimentary deposit samples, it was shown that most of the salts added by agricultural activity accumulate in the unsaturated profile. Seventy to ninety percent of SO4−2, Na+, and Cl− added are retained in the upper 2–4 meters of the profile after 6 to 12 years of cultivation, regardless of the soil type. The most common accumulating ions are Na+ and SO4−2 that minimize gypsum amendment thereby increasing with time the danger of an irreversible loss of the loessial soil as productive land.
Comparisons of MODIS vegetation index products with biophysical and flux tower measurements

Vegetation indices (VI ) play an important role in studies of global climate and biogeochemical cycles, and are also positively related to many biophysical parameters and satellite products, such as leaf area index (LAI), gross primary production (GPP), land surface water index (LSWI) and land surface temperature (LST). In this study we found that VI’s had strong relationships with some biophysical products, such as gross primary production, yet were less well correlated with biophysical structural parameters, such as leaf area index. The relationships between MODIS VI’s and biophysical field measured LAI showed poor correlation at semi-arid land and broadleaf forest land cover type whereas cropland showed stronger correlations than the other vegetation types. In addition, the relationship between the enhanced vegetation index (EVI)-LAI and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)-LAI did not show significant differences. Comparisons of the relationships between the EVI and NDVI with tower-measured GPP from 11 flux towers in North America, showed that MODIS EVI had much stronger relationships with tower-GPP than did NDVI, and EVI was better correlated with the seasonal dynamics of GPP than was NDVI. In addition, there were no significant differences among the 1x1, 3x3 and 7x7 pixel sample sizes. The comparisons of VIs from the 3 MODIS products from which VI’s are generated (Standard VI (MOD13)), Nadir Adjusted Surface Reflectance (NBAR (MOD43)), and Surface Reflectance (MOD09)), showed that MODIS NBAR-EVI (MOD43) was best correlated with GPP compared with the other VI products. In addition, the MODIS VI – tower GPP relationships were 15
Spatial depth distribution of the subglacial bed and internal layers in the ice around NGRIP, Greenland, derived with airborne RES

In 1996 and 1997 an airborne RES survey was flown in the context of the North Greenland Ice Core Project (NGRIP). At 75.10 degrees N and 40.30 degrees W a deep ice core is being drilled for palaeoclimate studies with the objective to recover an undisturbed Eemian sequence. The present survey was specially designed to determine with high lateral resolution the bed topography and the layering of internal reflectors in the vicinity around the drill site. A total of 19,000 km of profiles were flown yielding a rectangular flight pattern with side lengths of 222 km respectively 210 km on 16 flights. The spacing between two flight tracks is about 10 km for most of the area and about 2.5 km in the center of the grid. Detailed maps of ice thickness and subglacial topography have been produced. Moreover a data set was acquired that enables an independent stratigraphic control on the ice core record of NGRIP. From the map of subglacial topography and from selected profiles the bed of NGRIP can be denoted as perfectly flat particularly when compared to the region of GRIP/GISP2. There is no obvious reason, why flow disturbances eventually might have altered the stratigraphic order in the lower part of the ice sheet at least up to 30 km upstream NGRIP. On the basis of the present study NGRIP seems to be an ideally chosen drill site in order to recover an undisturbed Eemian sequence.