Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
3D Integration: Technology and Applications

The first encompassing treatise of this new, but very important field puts the known physical limitations for classic 2D electronics into perspective with the requirements for further electronics developments and market necessities. This two-volume handbook presents 3D solutions to the feature density problem, addressing all important issues, such as wafer processing, die bonding, packaging technology, and thermal aspects.It begins with an introductory part, which defines necessary goals, existing issues and relates 3D integration to the semiconductor roadmap of the industry, before going on to cover processing technology and 3D structure fabrication strategies in detail. This is followed by fields of application and a look at the future of 3D integration.The contributions come from key players in the field, from both academia and industry, including such companies as Lincoln Labs, Fraunhofer, RPI, ASET, IMEC, CEA-LETI, IBM, and Renesas.
Genomic Machine Learning Model Predicts Radiation Therapy Benefit in Early-Stage Breast Cancer Patients with High Accuracy 

BackgroundRadiation therapy (RT) is frequently recommended for post-surgery treatment of early-stage breast cancer (BC) patients, though not all benefit. Clinical factors currently guide RT treatment decisions. At present, models to predict RT-benefit predominantly use statistical methods with modest performance. In this paper we present a high-accuracy genomic Machine Learning (ML) model to predict RT-benefit in early-stage BC patients. We also present a novel method for selecting genomic features for training ML algorithms. MethodsGene expression data from 463 early-stage BC patients treated with surgery and RT from the METABRIC cohort were obtained. Wilcoxon Rank Sum (Wilcoxon RS) test and Cox Proportional Hazards (Cox PH) were used to reduce the number of genes used to train eight ML algorithms. ML algorithms were trained on 80% of data using 10-fold cross validation and tested on 20% of data to assess performance in predicting relapse status. Results Genome-wide gene expression data was reduced by 96% using Wilcoxon RS and Cox PH to a 1,596 gene set and a 977 gene set. These gene sets were used to train eight ML algorithms resulting in models that ranged in performance accuracies from 54.01% to 95.6%. Highest accuracies were obtained using Support Vector Machine (SVM977–93.41%, SVM1596–95.6%) and Neural Networks algorithms (NN977 – 92.31%, NN1596 – 93.41%). In RT-untreated patients, accuracies of all models were 30% to 40% lower compared to RT-treated patients. SVM977 had the highest sensitivity of 91.09%. Members of the 977 set were enriched with genes involved in cell cycle and differentiation as well as genes associated with radiosensitivity and radioresistance.Conclusion This study presents a novel genomic feature selection approach that used Wilcoxon RS followed by Cox PH to reduce the number of genes from genome-wide gene expression data used for training ML algorithms by 96%. This approach led to an SVM model that used the expression values of 977 genes to predict RT-benefit in early-stage BC patients with 93.41% accuracy. This work demonstrates that ML models can be clinically useful for predicting cancer patient outcomes.
A funding liquidity risk channel for monetary policy transmission

We study the borrowing of a bank subject to rollover risk and derive implications for monetary policy transmission and financial stability. The optimal borrowing balances the benefit of additional profitable investments with the cost of higher bank fragility. This trade-off leads to a funding liquidity risk channel for monetary policy transmission. While a tighter policy decreases borrowing, its effect on financial stability depends on the interaction between a price effect and an opposing scale effect. In particular, the price effect dominates whenever the risk-free rate is low, impairing financial stability. Thus, an exit from a low-interest rate environment may increase bank fragility. We derive several testable implications for monetary transmission and bank fragility.
Real-time Simulations to Evaluate RPAS Contingencies in Shared Airspace

This paper presents the work done within the second year of WP-E project ERAINT (Evaluation of the RPAS-ATM Interaction in Non-Segregated Airspace) that intends to evaluate by means of human-in-the-loop real-time simulations the interaction between a Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS) and the Air Traffic Management (ATM) when the first is being operated in shared airspace. This interaction will be evaluated from three different perspectives. First, the separation management its results were profusely described in [1]. Secondly, the contingency management, also including loss link situations, its results are presented in this paper. Finally, the impact of the dynamic mission changes on the overall ATM system will be investigated over the rest of the year. The used simulation infrastructure allows to simulate realistic exercises from both the RPAS Pilot-in-Command (PiC) and the Air Traffic Controller (ATCo) perspectives. Moreover, it permits to analyze the actual workload of the ATCo and to evaluate several support tools and different RPAS levels of automation from the PiC and ATCo sides. Preliminary results and the usefulness of the support tools are presented for each selected concept of operations.
Regulation of FGF-2, FGF-18 and Transcription Factor Activity by Perlecan in the Maturational Development of Transitional Rudiment and Growth Plate Cartilages and in the Maintenance of Permanent Cartilage Homeostasis

The aim of this study was to highlight the roles of perlecan in the regulation of the development of the rudiment developmental cartilages and growth plate cartilages, and also to show how perlecan maintains permanent articular cartilage homeostasis. Cartilage rudiments are transient developmental templates containing chondroprogenitor cells that undergo proliferation, matrix deposition, and hypertrophic differentiation. Growth plate cartilage also undergoes similar changes leading to endochondral bone formation, whereas permanent cartilage is maintained as an articular structure and does not undergo maturational changes. Pericellular and extracellular perlecan-HS chains interact with growth factors, morphogens, structural matrix glycoproteins, proteases, and inhibitors to promote matrix stabilization and cellular proliferation, ECM remodelling, and tissue expansion. Perlecan has mechanotransductive roles in cartilage that modulate chondrocyte responses in weight-bearing environments. Nuclear perlecan may modulate chromatin structure and transcription factor access to DNA and gene regulation. Snail-1, a mesenchymal marker and transcription factor, signals through FGFR-3 to promote chondrogenesis and maintain Acan and type II collagen levels in articular cartilage, but prevents further tissue expansion. Pre-hypertrophic growth plate chondrocytes also express high Snail-1 levels, leading to cessation of Acan and CoI2A1 synthesis and appearance of type X collagen. Perlecan differentially regulates FGF-2 and FGF-18 to maintain articular cartilage homeostasis, rudiment and growth plate cartilage growth, and maturational changes including mineralization, contributing to skeletal growth.
Oxidative stress in melanogenesis and melanoma development

Melanoma is the most aggressive skin cancer, with a growing number of incidents worldwide and with no effective cure in a metastatic stage so far. There are several pathways and processes engaged in melanoma pathogenesis that have been extensively explored in recent years. The emerging evidence suggests that oxidative stress (OS) is highly involved in melanin synthesis and melanoma formation. Melanoma is particularly susceptible to OS due to the involvement of melanin synthesis and UV radiation in the generation of reactive oxygen species. Oxidative stress influences melanoma immunity, the metastatic potential of melanoma cells and their resistance to therapy. In malignant melanocytes, the process of melanogenesis is frequently upregulated, suggesting possible therapeutic targets. This review describes the role of OS in melanin synthesis in melanocytes and explains how it affects melanoma cells. Better knowledge about the mechanisms involved in cancer progression may result in the development of better treatment strategies.
Boosting the Transferability of Adversarial Examples with More Efficient Data Augmentation

Currently, Deep Neural Networks has achieved excellent results on many tasks. But recent studies have shown that these networks are easily influenced by adversarial examples, which are artificially crafted by adding perturbation to original image. Moreover, most of the models to which we can access are black-box, we don’t know the internal structure and parameters of the model. Thus, it is more practical and more challenging to study how to attack these models. In this article, we propose a cam(class activation map)-guided data augmentation attack method, which can improve the transferability of adversarial examples. Specifically, first use the trained network to get the class activation maps for an input image, then binarize the cam to get the mask, finally implement the data augmentation attack method on the masked area of the image. Experiments based on ImageNet prove that our proposed method can generate more transferable adversarial examples, and the attack success rates of our method have a certain improvement compared with the latest methods.
Evaluation of Recent Measurements of Mercury’s Moments of Inertia and Tides Using a Comprehensive Markov Chain Monte Carlo Method

Recent estimates of Mercury’s rotational state yield different obliquity values, resulting in normalized polar moment of inertia values of either 0.333 or 0.346. In addition, recent measurements of Mercury’s tidal response, as expressed by its Love number k 2, are higher than previously reported. These different measurements have implications for our understanding of Mercury’s interior structure. We perform a comprehensive analysis of models of Mercury’s interior structure using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach, where we explore models that satisfy the various measurements of moments of inertia and mean density. In addition, we explore models that either have Mercury’s tidal response as a measurement or predict its tidal response. We find that models that match the lower polar moment value also fit or predict the recent, higher Love number. Models that match the higher polar moments predict Love numbers even higher than current estimates. For the resulting interior structure models, we find a wide range of viscosities at the core–mantle boundary, including low values that could be consistent with the presence of partial melt, with higher viscosities also equally allowed in our models. Despite the possibility of low viscosities, our results do not show a preference for particularly high temperatures at the core–mantle boundary. Our results include predicted values for the pressure and temperature of Mercury’s core, and the displacement Love numbers.
Multi-scale residual network-based image restoration

All Image restoration technology has undergone extensive research. For image degradation, inverse filtering was proposed in the last century. Then Helstrom proposed a Wiener filtering algorithm. In recent years, the convolutional neural network has promoted the further development of image restoration technology. The coarse-to-fine multi-scale residual network Multiscale Deblur Net (MDN) used in this paper is stable in operation, simple in structure, and easy to train. It has a good deblurring ability for motion-blurred images by testing in the GO_PRO dataset.
Optimal Operation Of Distribution Network With Photovoltaic

As a clean, renewable and abundant new energy, photovoltaic power generation has gradually gained people’s favor after wind power. Affected by weather, light intensity and temperature, the output of photovoltaic power generation has obvious fluctuation and uncertainty, which seriously threatens the safe and stable operation of power system. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the optimal operation of distribution network containing photovoltaic. In this paper, the short-term output characteristics of photovoltaic power generation are studied, and the short-term output model of photovoltaic power generation is established by using the probability distribution of “clear sky index”. On this basis, based on the power flow calculation principle of DistFlow, the operation optimization model of distribution network with photovoltaic power plants is established, and the stochastic characteristics of photovoltaic power generation are flexibly handled by the opportunity constraint method. Using this model, the influence of the stochastic characteristics of photovoltaic power generation on the day-ahead dispatching and reserve capacity of distribution network is calculated and analyzed.
Biological Detoxification of Mycotoxins: Current Status and Future Advances

Mycotoxins are highly toxic metabolites produced by fungi that pose a huge threat to human and animal health. Contamination of food and feed with mycotoxins is a worldwide issue, which leads to huge financial losses, annually. Decades of research have developed various approaches to degrade mycotoxins, among which the biological methods have been proved to have great potential and advantages. This review provides an overview on the important advances in the biological removal of mycotoxins over the last decade. Here, we provided further insight into the chemical structures and the toxicity of the main mycotoxins. The innovative strategies including mycotoxin degradation by novel probiotics are summarized in an in-depth discussion on potentialities and limitations. We prospected the promising future for the development of multifunctional approaches using recombinant enzymes and microbial consortia for the simultaneous removal of multiple mycotoxins.
Mean Velocity of the Pulmonary Artery as a Clinically Relevant Prognostic Indicator in Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Background: Right ventricular (RV) to pulmonary circulation (PC) coupling can stratify prognosis in heart failure (HF). In this study, we assessed the prognostic role of the mean velocity of the pulmonary artery (mvPA) determined by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Methods: Inclusion of 58 HFpEF outpatients that underwent CMR with measurement of RV–PC coupling parameters including mvPA between 2016 and 2019. The primary combined endpoint was a composite of HF readmissions and all-cause mortality. Results: Optimal cut-off value of mvPA calculated by receiver operating curve for the prediction of the primary endpoint was 9 cm/s. Over a median follow-up of 23 months (interquartile range: 24), 21 patients met the primary endpoint. The primary endpoint was more frequent in patients with mvPA ≤ 9 cm/s, as indicated by Kaplan–Meier survival curves; Log-Rank: 9.193, p = 0.02, regardless of RV dysfunction. On Cox multivariate analysis, mvPA ≤ 9 cm/s emerged as an independent prognostic predictor of the primary endpoint (HR: 4.11, 95% CI: 1.28–13.19, p = 0.017), together with left atrial area by CMR (HR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.01–1.24, p = 0.034). Conclusions: In our HFpEF cohort, mvPA was associated with a higher rate of the primary endpoint, regardless of RV function, thus enabling identification of patients at higher risk of cardiovascular events before structural damage onset.
Years of Life Lost (YLLs) Due to Suicide and Homicide in Ilam Province: Iran, 2014-2018

Objective: To provide detailed of suicide and homicide mortality and calculate of years of life lost (YLLs) in Ilam province Iran, during 2014-2018. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all deaths due to suicide and homicide were enrolled to estimate YLLs, in Ilam province between 2014-2018. The source of data was legal medicine organization (LMO). All analysis was performed at 0.05 significant levels using statistical software package STATA for Windows version 11.2 and SPSS 21 software. Results: The total YLLs of suicide and homicide were 15685 and 5317, respectively. 522 per 100,000 populations were suicide and 117 for homicide. The YLL and 95% confidence interval form suicide was 34.4 (32.8-36.1) for both sexes that 33.7 (31.6-35.8) for men, and 35.5 (32.7-38.3) for women. In this study period, YLLs rate began to increase over the years in both injury-related in 2016. Conclusion: Results of this study disclosed the most prominent contribution of men and peoples aged 15-29 to the YLLs. Also our results indicate a recent increase in suicide and homicide YLLs for both genders.
The reconstruction on the game networks with binary-state and multi-state dynamics

Reconstruction of network is to infer the relationship among nodes using observation data, which is helpful to reveal properties and functions of complex systems. In view of the low reconstruction accuracy based on small data and the subjectivity of threshold to infer adjacency matrix, the paper proposes two models: the quadratic compressive sensing (QCS) and integer compressive sensing (ICS). Then a combined method (CCS) is given based on QCS and ICS, which can be used on binary-state and multi-state dynamics. It is found that CCS is usually a superior method comparing with compressive sensing, LASSO on several networks with different structures and scales. And it can infer larger node correctly than the other two methods. The paper is conducive to reveal the hidden relationship with small data so that to understand, predicate and control a vast intricate system.
Folic Acid Treatment for Patients With Vascular Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract Background As the life expectancy of elderly people has drastically increased, the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in this population has proportionally grown. Vascular cognitive impairment refers to all forms of cognitive disorder associated with cerebrovascular disease. Homocysteine has recently been recognized as a contributor to the pathomechanisms involved in cognitive impairment. B vitamins, such as folic acid, are known to be effective in lowering homocysteine levels. Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of research on folic acid treatments for vascular cognitive impairment. Only randomized controlled trials studies that compared the efficacy of folic acid with placebo or other interventions were considered, irrespective of publication status, year of publication, and languages. Two independent reviewers searched the Medline via Ovid, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Central) journal databases up to July 2021 and independently appraised the included studies. We used mean difference outcome with 95% confidence intervals (CI) to calculate the change of Mini-Mental State Examination, cognitive function domain, and concentration of homocysteine. Results We found 3 studies comparing folic acid with placebo and 1 study comparing folic acid with other interventions. There is only slight evidence that the Mini-Mental State Examination score in patients who received folic acid increased 0.3 point higher compared with the placebo group after 24 months (95% CI = −0.12 to 0.37; P = .31). There is very strong evidence that the concentration of homocysteine in the folic acid group became 6.16 μmol/L lower compared with the placebo group after 6 months (95% CI = 2.32 to 8.21 lower; P < .001). Conclusions Our review shows the effectiveness of folic acid in lowering the plasma homocysteine concentration after 6 months compared with placebo. However, this effect was not accompanied by improvement in cognitive function. Study registration: CRD42020199433 https://www.crd. york.ac. uk/prospero/export_details_pdf. php)
Xenobiotic-Induced Aggravation of Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease

Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), which is often linked to obesity, encompasses a large spectrum of hepatic lesions, including simple fatty liver, steatohepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Besides nutritional and genetic factors, different xenobiotics such as pharmaceuticals and environmental toxicants are suspected to aggravate MAFLD in obese individuals. More specifically, pre-existing fatty liver or steatohepatitis may worsen, or fatty liver may progress faster to steatohepatitis in treated patients, or exposed individuals. The mechanisms whereby xenobiotics can aggravate MAFLD are still poorly understood and are currently under deep investigations. Nevertheless, previous studies pointed to the role of different metabolic pathways and cellular events such as activation of de novo lipogenesis and mitochondrial dysfunction, mostly associated with reactive oxygen species overproduction. This review presents the available data gathered with some prototypic compounds with a focus on corticosteroids and rosiglitazone for pharmaceuticals as well as bisphenol A and perfluorooctanoic acid for endocrine disruptors. Although not typically considered as a xenobiotic, ethanol is also discussed because its abuse has dire consequences on obese liver.
Cesarean section and breastfeeding outcomes in an Indigenous Qom community with high breastfeeding support

Abstract Background and objectives Cesarean section may lead to suboptimal breastfeeding outcomes, though evidence has been mixed. Factors, such as premature birth, birth weight and maternal age may independently increase risk of cesarean and hinder breastfeeding initiation, while maternal preferences, support and sociostructural barriers may influence breastfeeding practices beyond the immediate postpartum period. Methodology We assessed impacts of cesarean section and gestational factors on breastfeeding duration among Indigenous Qom mothers in Argentina who have strong traditional breastfeeding support. We modeled transitions from exclusive breastfeeding to complementary feeding and from complementary feeding to full weaning in a Bayesian time-to-event framework with birth mode and gestational covariates (n = 89 infants). Results Estimated median time to full weaning was 30 months. Cesarean-delivered babies were weaned an average of 5 months later adjusting for gestational age, maternal parity and infant sex. No factors were associated with time-to-complementary feeding, and time-to-complementary feeding was not associated with time-to-full weaning. Conclusions and implications Among Indigenous Qom mothers in Argentina, cesarean section was not associated with suboptimal breastfeeding outcomes. Although some Qom mothers do experience early breastfeeding problems, particularly following first birth, problems are not more frequent following cesarean delivery. Traditional postpartum kin and community support during prolonged postpartum periods may be instrumental in helping mothers to overcome early breastfeeding problems due to cesarean or other risk factors.
Research on potential energy recycling system of a new hydraulic excavator boom

This paper proposed a new potential energy recycling system based on the boom cylinder-accumulator balance to improve energy saving of a hydraulic excavator.The working principle of the system with a medium-sized excavator was analyzed and the system simulation model was established in AMEsim and Adams environment.Simulation analysis shows that this system can recycle the hydraulic excavator boom potential energy by 18.5%,while the effect of system maneuverability is under control.Furthermore,the paper analyzes the effects of main parameters on the system energy saving and maneuverability,and the energy-saving rate increases to 27.2% via matching preliminary parameters.Our work provides a new method to choose optional parameters.