Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Practices of strength and conditioning coaches across Chinese high-performance sports

This study used an online survey to investigate the practices and perspectives of strength and conditioning coaches (SCCs) across different high-performance sports in China. The survey comprised of the following sections: (a) background information, (b) muscular strength and power, (c) speed, (d) endurance, (e) plyometrics, (f) flexibility, (g) physical testing, (h) technology use, and (i) programming. In total, 93 SCCs from 44 high-performance sports across 25 provinces/municipalities participated in this study (age 31.5 ± 6.9 yrs, experience as a SCC 5.5 ± 4.4 yrs). Periodization strategies were used by 97% of SCCs. Clean and derivatives (37%) were deemed the most important exercises for strength and power development. Heart rate (85%) and repetition maximum (72%) were the most used methods for determining set loads in endurance and strength training, respectively. Box drills (91%) were the most prescribed plyometric exercise and dynamic stretching (91%) was the most prescribed flexibility exercise. All SCCs physically tested their athletes and 95% frequently used technology-based equipment. For open-ended questions, 30% of SCCs would change their programs by improving monitoring, testing, equipment, and facilities. Thirty-nine percent of SCCs believed digitization and monitoring will be prominent future trends. The results indicated that most practices of SCCs in Chinese high-performance sports were dissimilar to those of SCCs in other countries. SCCs generally prescribe training according to the needs of sports. However, the interferences of many external factors also affected the scientific nature of training prescription.
Multi-Stage Volt/VAR Support in Distribution Grids: Risk-Aware Scheduling With Real-Time Reinforcement Learning Control

The ever-increasing penetration of intermittent renewable resources in low-voltage power grids necessitates efficient operational strategies for voltage regulation as well as power scheduling of the available resources. In this paper, a risk-aware Volt/VAR support framework followed by a real-time reinforcement learning controller is presented for three-phase distribution systems. In the risk-aware stochastic scheduling stage, the legacy voltage regulating assets along with inverter-based photovoltaics (PVs) and energy storage system (ESS) are optimized considering day-ahead and intra-day markets. Moreover, demand response (DR) and voltage reduction plans are included in the proposed scheduling framework. By incorporating voltage-dependent load modeling in this study, the implementation of the voltage reduction plan reduces energy consumption in feeders by running the network at lower permissible voltage limits. The shiftable loads under the DR program are employed for peak shaving and to reduce operational costs. The result shows that DR implementation also reduces dependencies on the operation of traditional devices. The stochasticity of abrupt changes in PV generations is represented as the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), indicating a non-unimodal probability distribution in day-ahead PV forecasting errors. The scenario sets for uncertain variables are then reduced using a fuzzy clustering technique. Decisions made in the scheduling, associated with PV inverters and ESS operation, are revised with a real-time controller, i.e., Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) reinforcement learning. The DDPG is adopted in the control stage of the framework considering the detailed modeling of unbalanced three-phase distribution grids to minimize the voltage deviation and power ramping of ESS. The performance of the proposed multi-stage scheme is verified using a three-phase active distribution grid under different scenarios.
A Study on Chaos Phenomenon about Nonlinear Circuit

This article explains that,through the experimental method,the changing of the nonlinear system's parameter in turnmayrealize the transformation from the disorder to the order.When the order degree increases unceasingly,we can observe the chaos phenomenon on the oscilloscope finally.Thus we can concludes that the essence characteristic that the chaos is an apparent irregularly order movement in one kind of definite system.
Adhering to occupational heat stress recommendations attenuates kidney injury risk

Occupational heat stress increases kidney injury (KI) risk due to the development of hyperthermia and dehydration. Workplace recommendations aim to maintain core temperature below 38.0°C and prevent dehydration (<2% body mass loss) in unacclimated workers. We hypothesized that KI risk would be attenuated when adhering to occupation heat stress recommendations compared to a work-matched positive control trial that was non-compliant with the recommendations. Twelve healthy adults (6 women) completed 4 h exposures to wet bulb globe temperatures of 30±2°C (Compliant [C]) and 36±0°C (Non-compliant [NC]). Subjects walked on a treadmill evoking a rate of metabolic heat production of 462±96 W. Consistent with the recommendations, work-rest ratios were prescribed as 15 min of walking and 45 min of rest per hour and subjects were provided 237 mL of sport drink every 15 min and drank ad libitum. Core temperature is presented as an average over the 4 h exposure. Percent change in body mass from pre- and postexposure provided an index of body water loss. Urine samples were collected preexposure, and immediately and 1 h postexposure. KI biomarkers of urinary insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 [IGFBP7] and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 [TIMP-2] were measured and normalized to urine flow rate. The peak change in the product of IGFBP7 and TIMP-2 (Δ[IGFBP7xTIMP-2]) provided an overall index of KI risk. Data are presented as mean±SD. Average core temperature was lower in the C (37.3±0.3°C) compared to the NC (38.2±0.2°C; p<0.01) trial. Percent changes in body mass did not differ between the C (-0.3±0.6%) and NC (-0.7±1.0%; p=0.19) trials. UFR decreased from pre (C: 5.7±3.1 mL/min; NC: 5.2±3.1 mL/min) to postexposure (C: 2.2±1.8 mL/min; NC: 0.8±0.5 mL/min; p≤0.02) but was not different between trials (p=0.07) and returned to preexposure values 1 h postexposure (p≥0.21). IGFBP7 did not change over time (p=0.27) and was not different between trials (p=0.56). In contrast, TIMP-2 increased from preexposure (C: 0.2±0.2 ng/min; NC: 0.4±0.4 ng/min) to postexposure (C:7.1±17.7 ng/min; NC: 49.3±103.3 ng/min) in both trials (p≤0.01) and was higher in the NC trial both postexposure (p=0.02) and 1 h postexposure (C: 0.2±0.2 ng/min; NC 14.0±44.3 ng/min; p<0.01). Finally, peak Δ[IGFBP7xTIMP-2] was higher in the NC trial (+16.1±39.7 [ng/mL2]/1000) compared to the C trial (+0.8±1.5 [ng/mL2]/1000; p=0.02). Simulated occupational heat stress elevates KI risk, likely due to distal tubule injury as evident by increases in urinary TIMP-2. Nonetheless, violating the recommendations augmented KI risk when work duration was matched. RCT: NCT04767347. Supported By: R01OH011528 This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
Osteoporosis – a Silent Epidemic of XXI Century: Secondary Forms

The objective of the study was to determine the main causes of osteoporosis in chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary sarcoidosis and understand how the disease develops in these conditions. Materials and Methods. To study the mechanisms of developing secondary osteoporosis, a literature review was conducted. Results. Secondary forms of osteoporosis account for approximately 15-20% of reported cases and result mainly from concomitant diseases or from using drugs that have a negative effect on bone tissue. Despite its inert and stable appearance, bone tissue is a metabolically active, continuously renewing system. Throughout life, it continuously undergoes remodeling cycles involving the two main processes: the first one is called bone resorption and involves the breakdown of old bone followed by the destruction and removal of both the mineral substance and the organic matrix from resorption sites; the second one is called new bone formation and involves bone matrix synthesis and its subsequent mineralization. The imbalance between these two processes, the predominance of bone resorption over bone formation, is the key link in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Such an imbalance reflects the impairment of the major mechanisms of systemic hormonal and local (cytokine) regulation of cellular activity and occurs in secondary osteoporosis. Conclusions. To date, at the stage of providing medical care to patients with chronic bronchopulmonary diseases and chronic kidney disease, inadequate attention is paid to timely diagnosis and treatment of concomitant osteoporosis. The latter often develops as a secondary condition due to systemic inflammation, severe hypoxia, low physical activity, taking inhaled and systemic glucocorticoids. Its signs are not clinically apparent; hence, it is referred to as the ‘silent epidemic. Since osteoporosis has no pathognomonic symptoms and its clinical presentation is rather vague, in patients with chronic bronchopulmonary diseases and chronic kidney disease, its early diagnosis by determining mineral bone density is recommended to prevent the development of severe complications, including low-energy fractures.
Lumpability and marginalisability for continuous-time Markov chains

We consider lumpability for continuous-time Markov chains and provide a simple probabilistic proof of necessary and sufficient conditions for strong lumpability, valid in circumstances not covered by known theory. We also consider the following marginalisability problem. Let {X{t)} = {(X 1(t), X 2(t), · ··, Xm (t))} be a continuous-time Markov chain. Under what conditions are the marginal processes {X 1(t)}, {X 2(t)}, · ··, {Xm (t)} also continuous-time Markov chains? We show that this is related to lumpability and, if no two of the marginal processes can jump simultaneously, then they are continuous-time Markov chains if and only if they are mutually independent. Applications to ion channel modelling and birth–death processes are discussed briefly.
MLBR-YOLOX: An Efficient SAR Ship Detection Network With Multilevel Background Removing Modules

On the remote sensing images of marine synthetic aperture radar (SAR), ship targets often occupy only a small part of an image, and the rest are all sea and coastal backgrounds. Existing neural networks based on SAR ship detection often directly detect an entire SAR image, which consumes a large amount of computing resources. In this article, a new marine SAR ship detection network, called multilevel background removing–you only look once X (MLBR-YOLOX), is proposed. First, a new plug-and-play module, called standalone spatial patch detector, is proposed to predetect the position of ships and filter out most of the sea backgrounds at the source image level. Second, a deep spatial feature detector is presented for detecting deep semantic features of the output of the backbone module to further reduce the computational cost of the neck and head modules. Finally, the original YOLOX network is adopted to locate and classify the pre-detected results. Experimental results on the SAR ship detection dataset and the high-resolution SAR images dataset indicate that the detection performance of MLBR-YOLOX is close to that of YOLOX, but the computational complexity is merely 23.97% and 12.50% of YOLOX's, respectively. Moreover, the experiment conducted on a large-scene Sentinel-1 SAR image illustrates that the proposed network has good migration application capability.
Cardiac Changes after Lactate-Guided Conditioning in Young Purebred Arabian Horses

Simple Summary Horses can develop “athlete’s heart” in a similar way to humans and dogs after physical training. The purpose of this study was to assess by echocardiography the cardiac changes of young purebred Arabian horses after performing a lactate-guided conditioning program. The conditioning program was established individually, according to the physical fitness of each animal, as determined by an incremental exercise test (IET). The IET and echocardiograms were carried out before and after six weeks of treadmill conditioning. At the end of the conditioning period, the horses showed improved aerobic capacity and structural and functional heart changes associated with “athlete’s heart”. Abstract Cardiac adaptation to conditioning in horses was evaluated after empirical training based on trainers’ experience. Twelve purebred Arabian horses, aged (mean ± SD) 28.42 ± 3.75 months, which did not perform any type of exercise prior to the research, were submitted to treadmill conditioning for six weeks. The conditioning program was based on the velocity run by the horse at which the blood lactate concentration, determined in an incremental exercise test (IET), reached 2 mmol/L (V2). The velocity at which the blood lactate concentration reached 4 mmol/L (V4) was also determined. The echocardiograms were performed at rest with pulsed-wave and tissue Doppler imaging in B- and M-modes. All procedures were carried out before and after the conditioning period. The results showed increases in V2 (from 5.2 ± 0.3 to 6.7 ± 0.4 m/s) and V4 (from 5.8 ± 0.4 to 7.6 ± 0.5 m/s) (p < 0.0001). There were also increases in the left ventricle internal diameter at diastole (LVIDd), left ventricle mass (LV mass), and stroke volume (SV), while no changes were observed in the LV free wall thickness and mean and relative wall thicknesses. The conditioning protocol, which was completed by all horses, proved to be safe and efficient, as it improved the aerobic capacity of the animals. Finally, the cardiac remodeling that occurred was mainly associated with the effect of physical training.
Non-Abelian Localization and U(1) Chern-Simons Theory

Non-Abelian Localization and U(1) Chern-Simons Theory Brendan Donald Kenneth McLellan Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Mathematics University of Toronto 2010 This thesis studies U(1) Chern-Simons theory and its relation to the results of Chris Beasley and Edward Witten, [BW05]. Using the partition function formalism, we are led to compare U(1) Chern-Simons theory as constructed in [Man98] to the results of [BW05]. This leads to an explicit calculation of the U(1) Chern Simons partition function on a closed Sasakian three-manifold and opens the door to studying rigorous extensions of this theory to more general gauge groups and three-manifold geometries. The first main part of this thesis studies an analogue of the work of Beasley and Witten [BW05] for the Chern-Simons partition function on a Sasakian three-manifold for U(1) gauge group. A key point is that our gauge group is not simply connected, whereas this is an essential assumption in Beasley and Witten’s work. We are still able to use Beasley and Witten’s results, however, to derive a definition of a U(1) Chern-Simons partition function. We then compare this result to a definition of the U(1) Chern-Simons partition function given by Mihaela Manoliu [Man98], and find that the two definitions agree up to some undetermined multiplicative constant. These results lead to a natural interpretation of the Reidemeister-Ray-Singer torsion as a symplectic volume form on the moduli space of flat U(1) connections over a Sasakian three-manifold. The second main part of this thesis studies U(1) Chern-Simons theory and its relation
WAVE: Last Mile Delivery Robotic Platform With Stair-Climbing Ability Via Four-Bar Linkage-Based Locomotion

This article presents WAVE, a four-bar linkage-based stair-climbing robot. WAVE is designed to be a last mile delivery robot that can deliver goods on stairways and flat ground. When the cranks comprising WAVE undergo rotation, the body and legs rotate parallel to each other. The rotating body and legs climb the stairs alternately. WAVE has a right-angled groove tailored to the shape of the stairs at the bottom so that it can step stably on the stairs. To prevent the robot from tilting quickly when exiting the stairs, the groove was designed to divide the angle of the robot into three. In-wheel motors are attached to the bottom of the WAVE so that it moves using the wheels on flat ground. Also, as a result of the dynamic analysis, we obtained the motor torque and friction coefficient required to climb stairs. The length of the crank, which is a design variable, was determined via mechanical analysis. The first experiment was performed on the test bench to ensure that the WAVE worked as intended. In addition, through field tests, it was confirmed that WAVE can move upstairs and downstairs on stairs of various sizes.
The Impact of ESG Ratings on Trade Credit Financing

Using a sample of Chinese listed companies from 2009 to 2020, this study investigates the impact of ESG ratings of listed companies on corporate trade credit financing. The results suggest that the performance of ESG ratings by listed companies can significantly improve the level of corporate trade credit financing. The positive effect of ESG rating on trade credit financing is more pronounced when the company hires a “Big4” auditor, or when the company locates in a region with a higher degree of marketization, and when the company is followed by more analysts. The results of the study still hold after the robustness test which uses the alternative measurement of dependent variables. The findings from this article enrich the research literature on the economic consequences of ESG ratings and factors influencing corporate trade credit financing. At the same time, it provides implications on how listed companies can improve their ESG ratings and how stakeholders can use ESG ratings for decision making.
The genetics of gaming: A longitudinal twin study

Abstract Background Gaming is a popular past‐time activity among children and adolescents, but it there is also a possible link to negative consequences such as psychological distress and lowered academic achievement. However, there are fundamental knowledge gaps remaining regarding central characteristics of gaming such as heritability, stability over time, and sex differences. We examined the genetic and environmental contribution to gaming behavior, including sex differences, continuity and change, in a longitudinal cohort of twins. Methods This is the first longitudinal twin study on gaming, involving 32,006 twins in Sweden. Parents were asked about the twins' gaming at ages 9, 15 and 18. We used univariate and multivariate twin analyses to estimate the relative contribution of genetic and environmental influences at each time‐point as well as across time. Sex‐differences were also explored. Results The results showed large sex differences, where genetics explained more of the variance for boys (31.3%–62.5% depending on age) than for girls (19.4%–23.4%). Genetic factors explained an increasing amount of the variance for boys (31.3% at age 9, 62.5% at age 15 and 53.9% at age 18). Shared environmental factors explained a larger proportion of the variance among girls, which remained relatively stable over time (70.5% at age 9, 61.8% at age 15 and 60.5% at age 18). The results also indicated that most of the variance came from genetic and environmental sources specific to each age. Conclusions Compared to many other behavioral phenotypes, such as gambling, gaming was relatively unstable with a large degree of genetic innovation. There were large sex differences in the contribution of genetic and environmental factors. This suggests that excessive gaming could be the result of age‐ and sex‐specific genetic and environmental factors, and should be taken into account when mapping gaming behaviors, since these behaviors might be under continual etiological transformation.
Generation and optimal choice of joint trajectories using all solutions of inverse kinematics of general 6-R robots

ABSTRACT In this article, an algorithm is presented that transforms a given trajectory of a general 6-R Robot in Cartesian task space (position and orientation) into all possible joint space trajectories. It is shown how all solutions of the inverse kinematics can be used to obtain continuous joint trajectories. Inverse kinematics yields up to 16 different solution paths in joint space and these joint paths are compared using different optimality criteria. To achieve this goal the Cartesian trajectory is discretized and at each instant the inverse kinematics is computed using a fast algorithm developed in Pfurner and Husty et al. In the set of joint angles corresponding to the inverse kinematics solutions coherent paths are determined and interpolated with quintic splines. Different boundary conditions for the construction of the splines are discussed. Using the splines some possibilities for the optimal choice among the paths using different criteria are presented.
Scattering from the Finite-Length, Dielectric Circular Cylinder: Part I—Derivation of an Analytical Solution

Abstract : Given that an understanding of the scattering effects of the cylinder is important in characterizing the electromagnetic responses of tree structures, in this work a closed-form, approximate formulation is derived for the scattering matrix of the finite-length, dielectric circular cylinder. The solution is obtained by applying the modal (or eigenfunction) expansion method in conjunction with the volumetric equivalence principle, and supposes that the internal fields of the finite-length cylinder are the same as those of the infinite-length case. The theory is first developed for the scatterer located in free space. Subsequently, the problem of the scatterer located above a finite-conducting ground is considered by employing a multiray technique in which the total scattering response is calculated by coherently summing the direct response and the single and double ground bounce contributions. An arbitrarily oriented cylinder is treated by augmenting the solution with appropriate coordinate transformation matrices. This study is intended to facilitate the development of a discrete scatterer approach for characterizing the scattering from tree canopies.
Fairness in Educational Assessment and the Next Edition of the Standards: Concluding Commentary

ABSTRACT This special issue of Educational Assessment seeks to encourage reflection and discussion around the different assumptions and conceptualizations of fairness in assessment and their potential links to and implications for the next edition of the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing. In this final commentary, the special issue editors summarize the major points advanced by the three contributing authors, and consider the variety of conceptual, methodological, and practical challenges and questions raised. We discuss a range of remaining issues requiring additional theorizing and empirical research to further illuminate and bring the ideas of the contributors to fruition. Finally, we highlight areas with direct implications to be considered in the development of the next edition of the Standards.
Planar inductor

As the first step for developing magnetic I.C, planar inductors have been investigated. Planar inductor, which does not require conventional winding, consists of planar coil and two magnetic films which sandwich the coil. Design parameters have been obtained for four types of planar inductors, hoop type, spiral type, meander type and closed type. We fabricated a hoop type and a meander type planar inductor. The inductance of the hoop type was about 40 nH at 1 MHz, and showed flatness up to 10 MHz. In the meander type, the inductance was about 100 nH at 1 MHz, and showed a flat response till 40 MHz.