Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Standardized measurement of quality of upper limb movement after stroke: Consensus-based core recommendations from the Second Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation Roundtable

The second Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation Roundtable “metrics” task force developed consensus around the recognized need to add kinematic and kinetic movement quantification to its core recommendations for standardized measurements of sensorimotor recovery in stroke trials. Specifically, we focused on measurement of the quality of upper limb movement. We agreed that the recommended protocols for measurement should be conceptually rigorous, reliable, valid and responsive to change. The recommended measurement protocols include four performance assays (i.e. 2D planar reaching, finger individuation, grip strength, and precision grip at body function level) and one functional task (3D drinking task at activity level) that address body function and activity respectively. This document describes the criteria for assessment and makes recommendations about the type of technology that should be used for reliable and valid movement capture. Standardization of kinematic measurement protocols will allow pooling of participant data across sites, thereby increasing sample size aiding meta-analyses of published trials, more detailed exploration of recovery profiles, the generation of new research questions with testable hypotheses, and development of new treatment approaches focused on impairment. We urge the clinical and research community to consider adopting these recommendations.
Rectifying the long-term climate fluctuations in the Milankovitch bands

In this thesis we address the ice age problem in light of our recent knowledge of both geological evidence on climate spanning the late Pleistocene and the intensity of Hadley circulation in modulating the mid-latitude wave activity and high-latitude temperature. Since the radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere is mathematically modulated by the eccentricity and the global ice volume measured by the 8018 is inversely correlated with the eccentricity[30], we argue that the 100kyr period in the Late Pleistocene 8018 records is the result of rectification of the radiative forcing. Based on the physics of the climate system, we have constructed a new rectifier which takes into account the Hadley winter heat flux. This rectifier has only two free adjustable parameters, and under certain range it can well detect the low frequencies from the high frequency radiative forcing by comparing the rectified time series with those of the eccentricity. It is further compared with a commonly used rectifier due to Imbrie and Imbrie[31]. By combining the rectified Hadley winter heat flux with the traditional Milankovitch high-latitude summer insolation into a linear differential model, we simulated the ice volume fluctuations during the last 700,000 years. The results are further compared with the SPECMAP stack data[32]. The results demonstrated the importance of rectification mechanism in understanding the late Pleistocene ice ages while the role of the Hadley circulation is manifested through the simple physically based rectifier. Thesis Supervisor: Richard S. Lindzen Title: Sloan Professor in Meteorology
The Spin Structure of the Nucleon

This article reviews our present understanding of QCD spin physics: the proton spin puzzle and new developments aimed at understanding the transverse structure of the nucleon. Present experimental investigations of the nucleon's internal spin structure, the theoretical interpretation of the different measurements, and the open questions and challenges for future investigation are discussed.
Reduced competence to arboviruses following the sustainable invasion of Wolbachia into native Aedes aegypti from Niterói, Southeastern Brazil

Field release of Wolbachia-infected Aedes aegypti has emerged as a promising solution to manage the transmission of dengue, Zika and chikungunya in endemic areas across the globe. Through an efficient self-dispersing mechanism, and the ability to induce virus-blocking properties, Wolbachia offers an unmatched potential to gradually modify wild Ae. aegypti populations turning them unsuitable disease vectors. Here in this work, a proof-of-concept field trial was carried out in a small community of Niterói, greater Rio de Janeiro. Following the release of Wolbachia-infected eggs, we reported a successful invasion and long-term establishment of the bacterium across the territory, as denoted by stable high-infection indexes (>80%). We have also demonstrated that refractoriness to dengue and Zika viruses, either thorough oral-feeding or intra-thoracic saliva challenging assays, were maintained over the adaptation to the natural environment of Southeastern Brazil. These findings further support Wolbachia’s ability to invade local Ae. aegypti populations and impair disease transmission, and shall pave the way for future epidemiological and economic impact assessments.
T2* weighted placental MRI: basic research tool or an emerging clinical test of placental dysfunction?

Citing this paper Please note that where the full-text provided on King's Research Portal is the Author Accepted Manuscript or Post-Print version this may differ from the final Published version. If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version for pagination, volume/issue, and date of publication details. And where the final published version is provided on the Research Portal, if citing you are again advised to check the publisher's website for any subsequent corrections.
A Combined TOA/MDF Technology Upgrade of the U.S. National Lightning Detection Network

The U.S. National Lightning Detection Network TM (NLDN) has provided lightning data covering the continental United States since 1989. Using information gathered from more than 100 sensors, the NLDN provides both real-time and historical lightning data to the electric utility industry, the National Weather Service, and other government and commercial users. It is also the primary source of lightning data for use in research and climatological studies in the United States. In this paper we discuss the design, implementation, and data from the time-of-arrival/magnetic direction finder (TOA/MDF) network following a recent system-wide upgrade. The location accuracy (the maximum dimension of a confidence region around the stroke location) has been improved by a factor of 4 to 8 since 1991, resulting in a median accuracy of 500 m. The expected flash detection efficiency ranges from 80% to 90% for those events with peak currents above 5 kA, varying slightly by region. Subsequent strokes and strokes with peak currents less than 5 kA can now be detected and located; however, the detection efficiency for these events is not quantified in this study because their peak current distribution is not well known.
CALAGEM E ADUBAÇÃO FOSFATADA PARA A PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS DE Swietenia macrophylla

This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic efficiency of four P sources in the presence and absence of liming on the growth and nutrition of mahogany seedlings conducted in pots with very clayey dystrophic Yellow Latosol. It had been used a randomized-block designed in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme represented by: two levels of liming (absence and presence) and four P sources (simple superphosphate, triple superphosphate, Arad reactive rock phosphate and Magnesium thermophosphate) with four replications. The absorption of nutrients and growth of mahogany seedlings were little affected by both P sources and supply of limestone. It indicates that this specie presents low sensibility to soil acidity as well as little requirements of P as nutrient at this stage of cultivation. Higher efficiency in both nutrients uptake and mahogany seedlings growth was observed for the Arad phosphate rock. Results suggest that sources of P with low water solubility can be agronomically more effective in highly weathered soils as well as with high clay content. In general, the behavior of P sources was little affected by soil pH.
Large Metallicity Variations in the Galactic Interstellar 1 Medium

Interstellar of metal abundances in the ISM of Large quantities of are missing from the observable gas-phase because they are incorporated in the vicinity of the Sun was assumed to be Solar. the metallicity of the neutral ISM, by quantifying dust depletion without making as- sumptions on the gas metallicity, using Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and Very Large Telescope (VLT) spectra of 25 hot bright stars. that the dust-corrected metal- licity in the neutral ISM in our Galaxy is not always Solar, but shows large variations spreading over a factor of 10 and including many regions of low metallicity, down to ∼ 17 % Solar and possibly below. Pristine gas infalling towards the Galactic disk in the form of intermediate and high-velocity clouds could cause the observed chemical inhomogeneities
From print to online world: examining the predictors that influence the level of interactivity of newspaper's World Wide Web pages

The purpose of this study is to examine the predictors that influenced the interactivity of U.S. daily newspapers Web sites, namely the market size of newspapers, newspapers ownership, the number of online newspaper technical staff, length of newspaper Web site existence. Whether a national newspaper has different interactive Web site from a local newspaper is also studied. A content analysis of 106 U.S. daily newspapers Web sites found that market size and length of time newspapers having Internet presence sites are correlated to the interactive level of newspapers Web sites. National newspapers are also found having more interactive Web sites than local newspapers.
Diagnostic Value of 3-Dimensional Vena Contracta Area for the Quanti ﬁ cation of Residual Mitral Regurgitation After MitraClip Procedure

OBJECTIVES The authors sought to de ﬁ ne the feasibility and performance of 3-dimensional (3D) vena contracta area (VCA) measurement in evaluating total residual mitral regurgitation (MR) following percutaneous edge-to-edge clip (E-EC) mitral valve repair. BACKGROUND Residual MR severity after percutaneous repair is not only a determinant of procedural success, but also a major prognostic factor. To date, no single echocardiographic method has been recommended for post-procedural MR quanti ﬁ cation, with the evaluation currently relying on a complex, multiparametric appraisal. METHOD The authors performed a retrospective study of patients undergoing the E-EC procedure, for which baseline and post-repair 3D color Doppler transesophageal echocardiogram datasets were available. Total VCA was recorded as the sum of individual VCAs (if more than 1) and compared with an expert multiparametric appraisal of MR severity as the reference standard. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis was performed. RESULTS 155 patient studies were available for review. Total VCA correlated with hemodynamic parameters and was signi ﬁ cantly reduced after E-EC. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis demonstrated a VCA threshold of 0.27 cm 2 for identi ﬁ cation of $ moderate MR, with good diagnostic accuracy (area under the curve 0.81) and a negative predictive value of 92%. Smaller VCA was associated with clinical New York Heart Association functional class improvement at 30-day follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Measurement of VCA is feasible using 3D color Doppler transesophageal echocardiography and provides reliable quanti ﬁ cation of MR following E-EC transcatheter mitral valve repair.
A prickly situation: Prickle1 function depends on the signaling context

37 Introduction . 38 Development of the limb . 38 Wnt/PCP in the limb development . 40 Results.44 Mutation in Prickle1 causes growth defects . 44 Prickle1 mutation affects morphology of limb bud starting at E12.5 . 46 Wnt5a and Bmp4 expression is changed by Prickle1C251X mutation . 47 The Prickle1C251X mutants changed the apoptosis pattern in the digits . 50
Vegetative phase change in Populus tremula x alba.

Plants transition through juvenile and adult phases of vegetative development in a process known as vegetative phase change (VPC). In poplars (genus Populus) the differences between these stages are subtle, making it difficult to determine when this transition occurs. Previous studies of VPC in poplars have relied on plants propagated in vitro, leaving the natural progression of this process unknown. We examined developmental morphology of seed-grown and in vitro derived Populus tremula x alba (clone 717-1B4), and compared the phenotype of these, to transgenics with manipulated miR156 expression, the master regulator of VPC. In seed-grown plants, most traits changed from node-to-node during the first 3 months of development but remained constant after node 25. Many traits remained unchanged in clones over-expressing miR156, or were enhanced when miR156 was lowered, demonstrating their natural progression is regulated by the miR156/SPL pathway. The characteristic leaf fluttering of Populus is one of these miR156-regulated traits. Vegetative development in plants grown from culture mirrored that of seed-grown plants, allowing direct comparison between plants often used in research and those found in nature. These results provide a foundation for further research on the role of VPC in the ecology and evolution of this economically important genus.
Ecosystem services in farmland and cities.

Ecosystems sustain human life through the provision of four types of ecosystem services (ES) – a central tenet of the United Nations’ Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). These categories are, with examples: supporting (water and nutrient cycling), provisioning (food production, fuel wood), regulating (water purification, erosion control), and cultural (aesthetic and spiritual values). A recent trend has been a decline in ES globally, largely due to ignorance of their value to human well-being and inadequate socioeco-nomic valuation mechanisms that encourage individuals/governments to invest in maintaining them. Engineered ecosystems from farmland and cities are the most important providers of ES for the world population. However, they are largely left outside the decision-making process in managing agriculture and urban areas, due to the general low awareness of how the ES associated with these systems can and have been quantified. As nearly half of the world population is dependent on agriculture for its livelihood and cities are expanding at a faster rate than ever before, it is vital to understand, measure and incorporate ES into decision making and planning of agriculture and cities. This chapter discusses the concept of ES, their valuation methods, the types of engineered systems and how ES can be adopted by them to enhance them and ensure an equitable and sustainable future.
Development and Refinement of Educational Materials to Help Older Veterans Use VA Mental Health Mobile Apps.

The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in collaboration with the Department of Defense has created mobile applications (apps) that target military Veteran-specific mental health challenges. With over half of Veterans being older than 65, it is essential to support these individuals' access to and use of these apps. One critical barrier to older adults using apps is that they may not be aware of mental health apps and often need assistance learning to use their devices. To address these gaps in knowledge, we designed and evaluated patient education materials teaching how to download apps and the basics of mobile device use. The materials also included step-by-step guides for three VA mobile apps: Mindfulness Coach, Mood Coach, and PTSD Coach. Guided by user-centered design and feedback from providers and older Veterans, the materials were developed and refined. Six local technology and geriatric content experts provided initial feedback. Next, six older Veterans (M = 78.5 years; 50% owned smartphones) formally evaluated the materials with a majority (83.3%) electing to 'recommend the materials to others. ' Lastly, 12 providers provided feedback on the materials and 79% rated the materials as helpful. Providers viewed the materials as especially useful for patients who are unable to return to clinic. Overall, providers and Veterans found the materials easy to understand and valuable for novice users. Findings suggest the use of user-centered design principles and iterative evaluations to create patient technology education materials are vital to increase the use of mental health mobile apps among older Veterans.
Airborne laser scanning for high‐resolution mapping of Antarctica

In order to evaluate the potential of airborne laser scanning for topographic mapping in Antarctica and to establish calibration/validation sites for NASA's Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) altimeter mission, NASA, the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF), and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) joined forces to collect high-resolution airborne laser scanning data. In a two-week campaign during the 2001–2002 austral summer, NASA's Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM) system was used to collect data over several sites in the McMurdo Sound area of Antarctica (Figure 1a). From the recorded signals, NASA computed laser points and The Ohio State University (OSU) completed the elaborate computation/verification of high-resolution Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) in 2003. This article reports about the DEM generation and some exemplary results from scientists using the geomorphologic information from the DEMs during the 2003–2004 field season.
Definition of component effective emissivity for heterogeneous and non-isothermal surfaces and its approximate calculation

Measurement of land surface temperature faces many problems. For example, each pixel over land surface is likely to be heterogeneous and non-isothermal with both vegetation canopy and background soil, and the three-dimensional structure of canopy often makes the canopy radiation angular dependent. It is difficult to define an overall land surface temperature and emissivity at pixel scale for heterogeneous and non-isothermal surfaces. After recalling several definitions of effective emissivities, component effective emissivity is defined in this paper under the conditions of local thermal equilibrium and a constant material emissivity for surface temperature variation in the normal Earth environment. Component effective emissivities make it possible to retrieve the component temperature based on multi-directional measurements. The sum of component effective emissivities is equal to the overall effective emissivity, which can be used to inverse pixel-averaged effective temperature. Taking the continuous plant/soil system as an example, the Monte Carlo method is used to simulate the effective emissivities, and an analytical expression equation (AEE) of the effective emissivities including direct-line emission and single scattering contribution is developed. Monte Carlo simulated results show that the sum of direct-line emission and single scattering effective emissivity is close to overall effective emissivity when soil and leaf are set to 0.94 and 0.98 respectively. Then component and overall effective emissivities calculated by Monte Carlo method and AEE are compared, and their differences are analysed for different soil and leaf emissivities. It is shown that when soil and leaf emissivities are set respectively to 0.94 and 0.98, the differences are less than 0.006 within a 50° view zenith angle. When soil or leaf emissivity is set to 0.9, the difference reaches 0.025 or 0.016, which is large enough to introduce a 1 K error in land surface temperature inversion when this effective emissivity is used. The paper finally proposes that the linear relationship of difference with soil and leaf emissivity can be used to compensate the errors.
The C. elegans homolog of nucleoporin Nup98 is required for the integrity and function of germline P granules

C. elegans P granules are conserved cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein complexes that are unique to the germline and essential for fertility. During most of germline development, P granules are perinuclear and associate with clusters of nuclear pores. In an RNAi screen against nucleoporins, we have identified a specific nucleoporin essential for P granule integrity and function. The C. elegans homolog of vertebrate Nup98 (CeNup98) is enriched in P granules and associates with the translationally repressed, P granule-enriched mRNA nos-2 (nanos homolog). Loss of CeNup98 causes P granules to disperse in the cytoplasm and to release nos-2 mRNA. Embryos depleted for CeNup98 express a nos-2 3′UTR reporter prematurely. In the mouse, Nup98 immunoprecipitates with the germ granule component MVH. Our findings suggest that, in germ cells, the function of Nup98 extends beyond transport at the nuclear pore to include mRNA regulation in the cytoplasm.
Prevalence of symptoms of asthma, rhinitis, and atopic eczema among Brazilian children and adolescents identified by the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) - Phase 3.

OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, rhinitis, and atopic eczema among schoolchildren aged 6 to 7 years and adolescents aged 13 to 14 years in 20 Brazilian cities by using the standardized ISAAC written questionnaire, and to assess the association of this prevalence with latitude, altitude and average annual temperature of collaborating centers. METHODS Schoolchildren and adolescents from five Brazilian regions participated in the study, totaling 23,422 ISAAC questionnaires answered by schoolchildren's parents and 58,144 questionnaires answered by adolescents. The values for latitude, altitude and average annual temperature were obtained from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. RESULTS The mean prevalence rates among schoolchildren and adolescents were respectively 24.3 and 19.0% for active asthma; 12.6 and 14.6% for rhinoconjunctivitis; and 8.2 and 5.0% for atopic eczema. A significant negative association was observed between latitude and physician-diagnosed asthma among schoolchildren, severe asthma, physician-diagnosed asthma, eczema and atopic eczema among adolescents. No association with altitude was found. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of asthma, rhinitis and atopic eczema in Brazil varies considerably. Higher prevalence rates, especially of asthma and eczema, were found at centers located closer to the equator.
Mirror mode structures observed in the dawn‐side magnetosheath by Equator‐S

The Equator‐S satellite was ideally positioned to make magnetic field observations in the dawn‐side magnetosheath, relatively close to the magnetopause. The magnetosheath data were particularly rich in compressional signatures, consistent with mirror mode structures, which occurred during ∼30% of orbits crossing into the magnetosheath. In most, although not all cases, strongly compressive signatures extended up to the magnetopause boundary, with no increase in the underlying magnetic field magnitude on the time scale of ten to thirty minutes. The proximity and character of mirror‐like fluctuations near the magnetopause suggest that in the dawn‐side magnetosheath the plasma depletion layer (PDL) is of narrower extent than is generally observed closer to the subsolar point, or is absent.