Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analyzing the Relationships Between Android API Classes and their References on Stack Overﬂow

Summary Developers of mobile applications often face problems related to the usage of mobile-speciﬁc APIs. Those problems are frequently discussed on question and answer sites, such as Stack Overﬂow. Our conjecture is that several of these problems can be related to certain properties of the API classes, such as their code quality. To investigate this conjecture, we analyze various properties of the Android API classes, including code metrics, code smells, and code changes, and investigate their relationship to the amount and density of references of API classes on Stack Overﬂow. Our goal is to ﬁnd out whether certain properties of API classes are related to more references in posts. For our study, we considered 945 Android API classes referenced in 726,734 Stack Overﬂow posts. Our results show that API classes with code smells or with high values for the source code metrics Response For a Class (RFC) and Weighted Methods Count (WMC) tend to be reference-prone and reference-dense. We validated our ﬁndings with a manual investigation of 100 Stack Overﬂow posts. Using our ﬁndings, API developers can detect reference-prone API classes, improve them, and consequently increase the usability and success of the API classes in future releases.
The Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Internet Addiction: A Case Study of Vietnamese Students

Internet addiction has attracted significant attention due to its adverse effects on humans, especially young people. This study is aimed at investigating the impact of emotional intelligence on Internet addiction. Data was collected from 744 Vietnamese students in Vietnam. SPSS 20.0 software was used for descriptive statistics, reliability testing, factor analysis, and regression. The empirical results showed that emotional intelligence had a negative influence on Internet addiction. Specifically, the components self-emotion appraisal (SEA), others’ emotion appraisal (OEA), and regulation of emotion (ROE) significantly affected Internet addiction. However, the effect of the component use of emotion (UOE) on Internet addiction was not found to be statistically significant. Overall, the results of the study indicate that improving emotional intelligence may reduce the extent of Internet addiction among Vietnamese students.
Temporal Association between Hampton’s Hump Pulmonary Embolism and First-Dose ChAdOx1 nCov-19 Vaccine in a Patient with Activated Protein C Resistance

A 58-year-old man presented to his practitioner with right-sided pleuritic chest pain, dyspnea, and fatigue 18 days following the first dose of the ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccine. Chest radiography showed a basal wedge-shaped consolidation indicative of a Hampton’s hump in the right lower lobe, which was confirmed by subsequent computed tomography pulmonary angiography. The major laboratory abnormalities were a markedly elevated D-dimer level of 7.53 µg/mL (normal range < 0.5 µg/mL), a CRP level of 62.8 mg/L (normal range < 5 mg/L), and a previously unknown activated protein C resistance of 1.3 (normal range ≥ 1.8). Genetic analysis identified the patient to be heterozygous for the FVLeiden mutation. Neither other errors of hemostasis nor antibodies against platelet factor 4-polyanion complexes could be observed. Moreover, we failed to demonstrate Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 infection. The patient fully recovered with no sequelae but is being continued on long-term anticoagulation given his risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism. Here we report on the temporal association between the first dose of the ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccine and extensive pulmonary embolism in an otherwise healthy patient with activated protein C resistance, however, further investigation is needed to prove causality.
DP-Counter Analytics

In the literature mainly two variants of dynamic programming for constructing join trees are described. We show analytically and experimentally that the runtime behaviors of those two variants differ vastly for different query graphs. The query graphs we consider are chain, cycle, star, and clique. More specifically, one of the variants is highly superior for chain and cycle queries whereas the other is highly superior for star and cliques queries. This motivates us to derive an optimal algorithm which is --- apart from a small overhead --- superior to all algorithms in all cases.
Hip 63510C, Hip 73786B, and nine new isolated high proper motion T dwarf candidates from UKIDSS DR6 and SDSS DR7

Aims. Completing the poorly known substellar census of the solar neighbourhood, especially with respect to the coolest brown dwarfs, will lead to a better understanding of failed star formation processes and binary statistics with different environmental conditions. Methods. Using UKIDSS data and their cross-correlation with the SDSS, we searched for high proper motion mid- to late-T dwarf candidates with extremely blue near-infrared (J−K +2.5) colours. Results. With 11 newly found T dwarf candidates, the proper motions of which range between 100 and 800 mas/yr, we increased the number of UKIDSS T dwarf discoveries by ≈30%. Large proper motions were also measured for six of eight previously known T4.5T9 dwarfs detected in our survey. All new candidates can be classified as T5-T9 dwarfs based on their colours. Two of these objects were found to be common proper motion companions of Hipparcos stars with accurate parallaxes. The latter allow us to determine absolute magnitudes from which we classify Hip 63510C as T7 and Hip 73786B as T6.5 dwarfs with an uncertainty of ±1 spectral subtype. The projected physical separation from their low-mass (M0.5 and K5) primaries is in both cases about 1200 AU. One of the Hipparcos stars has already a known very low-mass star or brown dwarf companion on a close astrometric orbit (Hip 63510B = Gl 494B). With distances of only 11.7 and 18.6 pc, deduced from their primaries respectively for Hip 63510C and Hip 73786B, various follow-up observations can easily be carried out to study these cool brown dwarfs in more detail and to compare their properties with those of the already well-investigated primaries.
F-term hybrid inflation followed by a Peccei-Quinn phase transition

We consider a cosmological setup, based on renormalizable superpotential terms, in which a superheavy scale F-term hybrid inflation is followed by a Peccei-Quinn phase transition, resolving the strong CP and {mu} problems of the minimal supersymmetric standard model. We show that the field which triggers the Peccei-Quinn phase transition can remain after inflation well above the Peccei-Quinn scale thanks to (i) its participation in the supergravity and logarithmic corrections during the inflationary stage and (ii) the high reheat temperature after the same period. As a consequence, its presence influences drastically the inflationary dynamics and the universe suffers a second period of reheating after the Peccei-Quinn phase transition. Confronting our inflationary predictions with the current observational data, we find that, for about the central value of the spectral index, the grand unification scale can be identified with its supersymmetric value for the relevant coupling constant {kappa}{approx_equal}0.002 and, more or less, natural values, {+-}(0.01-0.1), for the remaining parameters. On the other hand, the final reheat temperature after the Peccei-Quinn phase transition turns out to be low enough so as the gravitino problem is avoided.
High-energy gluon bremsstrahlung in a finite medium: Harmonic oscillator versus single-scattering approximation

A particle produced in a hard collision can lose energy through bremsstrahlung. It has long been of interest to calculate the effect on bremsstrahlung if the particle is produced inside a finite-size QCD medium such as a quark-gluon plasma. For the case of very high-energy particles traveling through the background of a weakly coupled quark-gluon plasma, it is known how to reduce this problem to an equivalent problem in nonrelativistic two-dimensional quantum mechanics. Analytic solutions, however, have always resorted to further approximations. One is a harmonic oscillator approximation to the corresponding quantum mechanics problem, which is appropriate for sufficiently thick media. Another is to formally treat the particle as having only a single significant scattering from the plasma (known as the N=1 term of the opacity expansion), which is appropriate for sufficiently thin media. In a broad range of intermediate cases, these two very different approximations give surprisingly similar but slightly differing results if one works to leading logarithmic order in the particle energy, and there has been confusion about the range of validity of each approximation. In this paper, I sort out in detail the parametric range of validity of these two approximations at leading logarithmic order. For simplicity,more » I study the problem for small {alpha}{sub s} and large logarithms but {alpha}{sub s}log<<1. « less
COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND CONSTRAINTS ON THE DURATION AND TIMING OF REIONIZATION FROM THE SOUTH POLE TELESCOPE

The epoch of reionization is a milestone of cosmological structure formation, marking the birth of the first objects massive enough to yield large numbers of ionizing photons. However, the mechanism and timescale of reionization remain largely unknown. Measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) Doppler effect from ionizing bubbles embedded in large-scale velocity streams—known as the patchy kinetic Sunyaev–Zel'dovich (kSZ) effect—can be used to constrain the duration of reionization. When combined with large-scale CMB polarization measurements, the evolution of the ionized fraction, , can be inferred. Using new multi-frequency data from the South Pole Telescope (SPT), we show that the ionized fraction evolved relatively rapidly. For our basic foreground model, we find the kSZ power sourced by reionization at ℓ = 3000 to be Dpatchy3000 ⩽ 2.1 μK2 at 95% confidence. Using reionization simulations, we translate this to a limit on the duration of reionization of (95% confidence). We find that this constraint depends on assumptions about the angular correlation between the thermal SZ power and the cosmic infrared background (CIB). Introducing the degree of correlation as a free parameter, we find that the limit on kSZ power weakens to Dpatchy3000 ⩽ 4.9 μK2, implying Δz ⩽ 7.9 (95% confidence). We combine the SPT constraint on the duration of reionization with the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe measurement of the integrated optical depth to probe the cosmic ionization history. We find that reionization ended with 95% confidence at z > 7.2 under the assumption of no tSZ–CIB correlation, and z > 5.8 when correlations are allowed. Improved constraints from the full SPT data set in conjunction with upcoming Herschel and Planck data should detect extended reionization at >95% confidence provided Δz ⩾ 2. These CMB observations complement other observational probes of the epoch of reionization such as the redshifted 21 cm line and narrowband surveys for Lyα-emitting galaxies.
THE DEBRIS DISK OF VEGA: A STEADY-STATE COLLISIONAL CASCADE, NATURALLY

The archetypical debris disk around Vega has been observed intensively over the past 25 years. It has been argued that the resulting photometric data and images may be in contradiction with a standard, steady-state collisional scenario of the disk evolution. In particular, the emission in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) appears to be in excess of what is expected from a “Kuiper belt” at ∼100 AU, which is evident in the submillimeter images and inferred from the majority of photometric points. Here we re-address the question of whether or not the Vega disk observations are compatible with a continuous dust production through a collisional cascade. Instead of seeking a size and spatial distribution of dust that provide the best fit to observations, our approach involves physical modeling of the debris disk “from the sources. ” We assume that dust is maintained by a belt of parent planetesimals, and employ our collisional and radiative transfer codes to consistently model the size and radial distribution of the disk material and then thermal emission of dust. In doing so, we vary a broad set of parameters, including the stellar properties, the exact location, extension, and dynamical excitation of the planetesimal belt, chemical composition of solids, and the collisional prescription. We are able to reproduce the spectral energy distribution in the entire wavelength range from the near-IR to millimeter, as well as the mid-IR and submillimeter radial brightness profiles of the Vega disk. Thus, our results suggest that the Vega disk observations are not in contradiction with a steady-state collisional dust production, and we put important constraints on the disk parameters and physical processes that sustain it. The total disk mass in ≲100 km-sized bodies is estimated to be ∼10 Earth masses. Provided that collisional cascade has been operating over much of the Vega age of ∼350 Myr, the disk must have lost a few Earth masses of solids during that time. We also demonstrate that using an intermediate luminosity of the star between the pole and the equator, as derived from its fast rotation, is required to reproduce the debris disk observations. Finally, we show that including cratering collisions into the model is mandatory.
Observability and identifiability of nonlinear systems with applications in biology

This thesis concerns the properties of observability and identifiability of nonlinear systems. It consists of two parts, the first dealing with systems of ordinary differential equations and the second with delay-differential equations with discrete time delays. The first part presents a review of two different approaches to study the observability of nonlinear ODE-systems found in literature. The differential-geometric and algebraic approaches both lead to the so-called rank test where the observability of a control system is determined by calculating the dimension of the space spanned by gradients of the time-derivatives of its output functions. We show that for analytic systems affine in the input variables, the number of time-derivatives of the output that have to be considered in the rank test is limited by the number of state variables. Parameter identifiability is a special case of the observability problem. A case study is presented in which the parameter identifiability of a previously published kinetic model for the metabolism of S. cerevisiae (baker's yeast) has been analysed. The results show that some of the model parameters cannot be identified from any set of experimental data. The general features of kinetic models of metabolism are examined and shown to allow a simplified identifiability analysis, where all sources of structural unidentifiability are to be found in single reaction rate expressions. We show how the assumption of an algebraic relation between concentrations in metabolic models can cause parameters to be unidentifiable. The second part concerning delay systems begins by an introduction to the algebraic framework of modules over noncommutative rings. We then present both previously published and new results on the problem of observability. New results are shown on the problems of state elimination and characterisation of the identifiability of time-lag parameters. Their identifiability is determined by the form of the system's input-output representation. Linear-algebraic criteria are formulated to decide the identifiability of the delay parameters which eliminate the need for explicit computation of the input-output equations. The criteria are applied in the analysis of biological models from the literature.
Impact of Short-Time Micronization on Structural and Thermal Properties of Sugar Beet Fibre and Inulin

SUMMARY Research background By tailoring dietary fibre’s structural and physicochemical properties, their functionality and applicability can be remarkably increased. One of the approaches used in this respect is fibre particle size reduction. Accordingly, the present study explores the impact of short-time micronization in a planetary ball mill on structural and thermal changes of modified and commercial sugar beet fibre, inulin and sucrose for their potential application as food excipients. Experimental approach Short-time micronization in a planetary ball mill (30 and 60 min) was applied for particle size reduction of modified and commercial sugar beet fibre, inulin and sucrose as less energy-consumptive and less destructive approach than long-time micronization. Dietary fibre and sucrose samples were characterised in terms of particle size, morphology, intermolecular bonds and presence of functional groups, crystallinity and thermal properties, before and after the short-time micronization. Results and conclusions Particle size was successfully reduced to micron-scale already after 30 min of micronization in most of the samples without significant changes in thermal properties and crystallinity or present functional groups. An enhanced particle size decrease with prolonged micronization time (60 min) was noticed in modified sugar beet fibre with slightly wider particle size distribution than in other examined samples. Furthermore, morphology and exposure of the present functional groups in samples were altered by the micronization, which is favourable for their further application as excipients in the food matrix. Novelty and scientific contribution The corresponding research reports the short-time micronization impact on sugar beet fibre and modified sugar beet fibre, inulin and sucrose for the first time, hence contributing to the widening of their application as excipients in diverse products.
VERY LARGE TELESCOPE SPECTROPOLARIMETRY OF BROAD ABSORPTION LINE QSOs

We present spectropolarimetry of 19 confirmed and four possible bright, southern broad absorption line (BAL) quasars from the European Southern Observatory Very Large Telescope. A wide range of redshifts is covered in the sample (from 0.9 to 3.4), and both low- and high-ionization quasars are represented, as well as radio-loud and radio-quiet BALQSOs. We continue to confirm previously established spectropolarimetric properties of BALQSOs, including the generally rising continuum polarization with shorter wavelengths and comparatively large fraction with high broadband polarization (6 of 19 with polarizations >2%). Emission lines are polarized less than or similar to the continuum, except in a few unusual cases, and absorption troughs tend to have higher polarizations. A search for correlations between polarization properties has been done, identifying two significant or marginally significant correlations. These are an increase in continuum polarization with decreasing optical luminosity (increasing absolute B magnitude) and decreasing C iv emission-line polarization with increased continuum polarization.
Approach to exact solutions of cosmological perturbations: Tachyon field inflation

An inflationary universe scenario in the context of tachyon field is studied. This study is done from an ansantz for the effective potential of cosmological perturbations U(�). We describe in great detail the analytical solutions of the scalar and tensor perturbations for two different ansantz in the effective potential of cosmological perturbations; the Easther’s model and an effective potential similar to power law inflation. Also we find from the background equations that the effective tachyonic potential V ('), in both models satisfy the properties of a tachyonic potential. We consider the recent data from the Planck data to constrain the parameters in our effective potential of cosmological perturbations.
Estimating the changing burden of disease attributable to unsafe water and lack of sanitation and hygiene in South Africa for 2000, 2006 and 2012.

BACKGROUND The incidence of diarrhoeal disease is closely linked to socioeconomic and environmental factors, household practices and access to health services. South African (SA) district health information and national survey data report wide variation in the incidence and prevalence of diarrhoeal episodes in children under 5 years of age. These differentials indicate potential for reducing the disease burden through improvements in provision of water and sanitation services and changes in hygiene behaviour. OBJECTIVES To estimate the burden of disease attributed to unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) by province, sex and age group for SA in 2000, 2006 and 2012. METHODS Comparative risk assessment methodology was used to estimate the disease burden attributable to an exposure by comparing the observed risk factor distribution with a theoretical lowest possible population distribution. The study adapts the original World Health Organization scenario-based approach for estimating diarrhoeal disease burden from unsafe WASH, by assigning different standards of household water and sanitation-specific geographical classification to capture SA living conditions in rural, urban and informal settlements. RESULTS SA experienced an improvement in water and sanitation supply in eight of the nine provinces between 2001 and 2011, with the exception of Northern Cape Province. In 2011, 41% of South Africans lived with poor water and sanitation conditions; however, wide provincial inequalities exist. In 2012, it was estimated that 84.1% of all deaths due to diarrhoeal disease were attributable to unsafe WASH; this equates to 13 757 deaths (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 13 015 - 14 300). Of these diarrhoeal disease deaths, 48.2% occurred in children under 5 years of age, accounting for 13.9% of all deaths in this age group (95% UI 13.1 - 14.4). Between 2000 and 2012, the proportion of deaths attributable to diarrhoea reduced from 3.6% to 2.6%. Gauteng and Western Cape provinces experienced much lower WASHattributable death rates than the more rural, poorer provinces. CONCLUSION Unsafe WASH remains an important risk factor for disease in SA, especially in children. High priority needs to be given to the provision of safe and sustainable sanitation and water facilities and promoting safe hygiene behaviours. The COVID-19 pandemic has reinforced the critical importance of clean water for preventing and containing disease.
Nutritional Status and Nutrients Related to Pre-Eclampsia Risk

Elevated blood pressure during pregnancy, pre-eclampsia, is in part a result of inflammatory processes related to pregnancy. Reducing risk for pre-eclampsia is important to improve birth outcomes and reduce morbidity and mortality. Nutritional status and dietary intake of key foods and nutrients can aid in the reduction of pre-eclampsia risk. Excessive gestational weight gain is associated with pre-eclampsia risk, however, fluid retention, may be the driver of this relationship. While diets rich in fruits, vegetables, and dietary fiber can reduce pre-eclampsia risk and adherence to a western diet pattern can increase risk. Other nutrients, which may improve hypertension, such as sodium or salt, have little to no effect on pre-eclampsia risk. Key nutrients impacting pre-eclampsia risk are described in this article.