Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Toward a unified theory of reflector mapping

Schemes for seismic mapping of reflectors in the presence of an arbitrary velocity model, dipping and curved reflectors, diffractions, ghosts, surface elevation variations, and multiple reflections are reviewed and reduced to a single formula involving up and downgoing waves. The mapping formula may be implemented without undue complexity by means of difference approximations to the relativistic Schroedinger equation.
CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS OF PORTUGUESE OYSTER Crassostrea angulata FROM BATU KARAS ESTUARY

Portuguese oyster C. angulata is one of the potential source of bioactive compounds from estuary in Indonesia, especially from Batu Karas Village Pangandaran District. The aims of this research were to explore and characterize the bioactive compounds of the estuary oyster. The oyster separated from the shell, and then extracted in ethanol solvent with orbital maseration method in 24 hours. After filtration and evaporation, bioactive extract were characterized with qualitative phytochemical method. The extraction resulted 3.42% yield. Bioactive compound of the oyster has phytochemical characters, respectively, alkaloid, flavonoid, and fenol hidroquinon positives. The oyster bioactive compounds need to characterize with quantitative method, and biological activityies analysis futher more.Keywords: cupped oysters, secondary metabolites
Incorporating induced seismicity in the 2014 United States National Seismic Hazard Model: results of the 2014 workshop and sensitivity studies

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Seismic Hazard Model (NSHM) for the conterminous United States was updated in 2014 to account for new methods, input models, and data necessary for assessing the seismic ground shaking hazard from natural (tectonic) earthquakes. The USGS NSHM project uses probabilistic seismic hazard analysis to quantify the rate of exceedance for earthquake ground shaking (ground motion). For the 2014 NSHM assessment, the seismic hazard from potentially induced earthquakes was intentionally not considered because we had not determined how to properly treat these earthquakes for the seismic hazard analysis. The phrases “potentially induced” and “induced” are used interchangeably in this report, however it is acknowledged that this classification is based on circumstantial evidence and scientific judgment. For the 2014 NSHM update, the potentially induced earthquakes were removed from the NSHM’s earthquake catalog, and the documentation states that we would consider alternative models for including induced seismicity in a future version of the NSHM. As part of the process of incorporating induced seismicity into the seismic hazard model, we evaluate the sensitivity of the seismic hazard from induced seismicity to five parts of the hazard model: (1) the earthquake catalog, (2) earthquake rates, (3) earthquake locations, (4) earthquake Mmax (maximum magnitude), and (5) earthquake ground motions. We describe alternative input models for each of the five parts that represent differences in scientific opinions on induced seismicity characteristics. In this report, however, we do not weight these input models to come up with a preferred final model. Instead, we present a sensitivity study showing uniform seismic hazard maps obtained by applying the alternative input models for induced seismicity. The final model will be released after further consideration of the reliability and scientific acceptability of each alternative input model. Forecasting the seismic hazard from induced earthquakes is fundamentally different from forecasting the seismic hazard for natural, tectonic earthquakes. This is because the spatio-temporal patterns of induced earthquakes are reliant on economic forces and public policy decisions regarding extraction and injection of fluids. As such, the rates of induced earthquakes are inherently variable and nonstationary. Therefore, we only make maps based on an annual rate of exceedance rather than the 50-year rates calculated for previous USGS hazard maps. To discuss the latest research on induced seismic activity, and to obtain feedback on products that will be useful for decision makers, the USGS and the Oklahoma Geological Survey cohosted a workshop that included about 150 participants from academia, industry, and government on 17–19 November 2014 in Midwest City, Oklahoma. In this report we summarize the discussions from this
Preliminary SAR of Novel Pleuromutilin–Polyamine Conjugates

While pleuromutilin (1) and its clinically available derivatives (2–6) are highly effective against Gram-positive bacteria, they remain inactive against many pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria due to the efflux pump AcrAB-TolC. In an effort to broaden the spectrum of activity of pleuromutilin (1), we developed a series of novel pleuromutilin–polyamine conjugates (9a–f) which exhibited promising intrinsic antimicrobial properties, targeting both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and Escherichia coli, along with the fungal strain Cryptococcus neoformans, and were devoid of cytotoxic and hemolytic properties with the exception of one conjugate. Furthermore, this series displayed moderate to low antibiotic potentiation of legacy antibiotics doxycycline and erythromycin, with three conjugates enhancing the activity four-fold in combination with doxycycline. In comparison to pleuromutilin (1) and tiamulin (2), one of the conjugates exhibited an expanded spectrum of activity, including Gram-negative bacteria and fungi, making it a promising option for combating microbial infections.
Application of Spatial Pedotransfer Functions to Understand Soil Modulation of Vegetation Response to Climate

A fundamental knowledge gap in understanding land–atmosphere interactions is accurate, high‐resolution spatial representation of soil physical and hydraulic properties. We present a novel approach to predict hydraulic soil parameters by combining digital soil mapping techniques with pedotransfer functions (PTFs) and demonstrate that simple derived quantities are related to observed spatial patterns in ecosystem production during the North American Monsoon. Landsat reflectance and elevation data were used to predict physical soil properties at a 5‐m spatial resolution for a semiarid landscape of 6265 ha using regression kriging. Resulting soil property maps were applied to the Rosetta PTF to predict saturated hydraulic conductivity and water retention parameters from which approximate water residence times were derived. Estimated idealized residence time for water lost to the deeper vadose zone and evapotranspiration corresponded to vegetation response. Antecedent precipitation was more important for explaining the relationships between modeled soil properties and vegetation response than the amount of monsoon precipitation. Increased spring precipitation before the monsoon produced stronger negative correlations with hydraulic conductivity and stronger positive correlations with plant available water. Modeled water residence times explained the patterns of vegetation and landscape morphology validating our approach as a method of producing functional spatial PTFs. Linking digital soil mapping with Rosetta led to predictions of hydraulic soil properties that were more closely related to vegetation dynamics than the data available in the Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) soil database.
Dominant Interannual and Decadal Variability of Winter Surface Air Temperature over Asia and the Surrounding Oceans

To clarify the interannual variability of winter surface air temperature (SAT) over Asia and the surrounding oceans, the authors applied principal component analysis to normalized monthly SATs. The first mode represents the Asian north–south dipole pattern with a node over the Tibetan Plateau. This component has close relationships to the Arctic Oscillation and cold surge variability around Southeast Asia, showing decadal oscillation with signal changes in 1988 and 1997. The second mode is the inner-Asian mode with a center to the north of the Tibetan Plateau. This component connects to fluctuations of not only the western Siberian high but also the Icelandic low, which is associated with the pattern of the polar vortex over Eurasia. A recent warming trend and possible relationship to solar activity are also shown. The modes of Asian SAT variability associated with ENSO are extracted as the north–south dipole mode over the tropical western Pacific and Japan (the third mode) and Silk Road mode (the fourth mode). The two independent modes appear to be caused by different sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies over the western Pacific and Indian Ocean and their associated atmospheric Rossby wave responses: the atmospheric wave trains over both the north and south of the Tibetan Plateau in the third mode, and the atmospheric wave train that propagates toward the Silk Road via Greenland in the fourth mode.
Dual-Band Shared-Aperture Base-Station Antenna Array With Dual Polarization Using Filtering Magnetoelectric Dipole Antenna

This paper presents a dual-band shared-aperture antenna array using a filtering magnetoelectric (ME) dipole antenna for the application of mobile-communication base station. It is realized by interleaving a lower-band (LB) filtering ME dipole antenna operating from 1.7 to 2.8 GHz and four higher-band (HB) patch antennas in the band of 3.3-3.9 GHz. The filtering performance of the proposed ME dipole antenna is realized by U-shaped slots etched on the radiating arms and a cross-shaped microstrip line inside the aperture of the magnetic dipole, and used to realize a high cross-band isolation. The loss caused by the filtering structure is quite low. The gain suppression of the LB filtering ME dipole antenna reaches about 18 dB in the HB. Results demonstrate that both the HB and LB antennas can maintain stable broadside radiation patterns within their operating bandwidths. The magnitude of the cross-band isolation reaches more than 25 dB.
MM-FGRM: Fine-Grained Respiratory Monitoring Using MIMO Millimeter Wave Radar

Long-term respiratory monitoring plays an extremely important role in the diagnosis of respiratory system-related diseases. It can detect diseases temporally and improve the effectiveness of treatment, which is crucial for home health monitoring. With the rapid development of radar chip technology, noncontact respiratory monitoring based on commercial millimeter-wave radar sensors has received increasing attention. However, traditional signal processing methods are difficult to extract fine respiratory waveforms from radar signals mixed with human body movements. Fortunately, deep learning provides a solution, as we can use its powerful learning ability to learn a mapping from radar signals to real respiratory waveforms. With this method, we can directly observe fine-grained respiratory waveforms and further improve the accuracy of respiratory rate detection. Therefore, we propose MM-FGRM, a respiratory monitoring system based on a commercial 77 GHz multiple input multiple output (MIMO) radar. The core of this system is a deep learning-based network called IQ-Transformer with a self-attention mechanism that aims at capturing the latent respiratory-related features from I/Q components of radar signals directly in each human body region of interest (ROI) and recovering the respiratory waveforms. We collected 12 h of data from eight subjects and conducted experiments. The experimental results show that MM-FGRM can accurately recover respiratory waveforms and provide accurate respiratory rates. In addition, we perform testing on data from two other users who do not participate in the training, and the results verify that MM-FGRM has a strong generalization ability. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of further development of home respiratory monitoring products.
Static and dynamic functional connectivity combined with the triple network model in amnestic mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease

Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) are characterized by abnormal functional connectivity (FC) of default-mode network (DMN), salience network (SN), and central executive network (CEN). Static FC (sFC) and dynamic FC (dFC) combined with triple network model can better study the dynamic and static changes of brain networks, and improve its potential diagnostic value in the diagnosis of AD spectrum disorders. Methods Differences in sFC values and dFC variability patterns among the three brain networks of the three groups (53 AD patients, 40 aMCI patients, and 40 NCs) were computed by ANOVA using Gaussian Random Field theory (GRF) correction. The correlation between FC values (sFC values and dFC variability) in the three networks and cognitive scores (MMSE and MoCA) in AD and aMCI groups was analyzed separately. Results Within the DMN network, there were significant differences of sFC values in right/left medial superior frontal gyrus and dFC variability in left opercular part inferior frontal gyrus and right dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus among the three groups. Within the CEN network, there were significant differences of sFC values in left superior parietal gyrus. Within the SN network, there were significant differences of dFC variability in right Cerebelum_7b and left opercular part inferior frontal gyrus. In addition, there was a significant negative correlation between FC values (sFC values of CEN and dFC variability of SN) and MMSE and MoCA scores. Conclusion It suggests that sFC, dFC combined with triple network model can be considered as potential biomarkers for AD and aMCI.
The attitude of Greeks towards food waste

The subject of the present paper is an empirical study of the attitude and behaviour of Greek consumers on the issue of food waste. In March 2022 an empirical investigation was organized as a continuation of previous research on this issue. In order to conduct the research in a short time, the convenience research method was chosen. A structured questionnaire with cross-references from previous research (Pitoska & Grana 2021) was used to collect data. Finally, it seems that the issue of food waste is known in Greece but there are big limitations for informing consumers so the country will approach the European goals for reducing food waste.
Geochemistry,zircon U-Pb chronology of the Triassic granites in the Changning-Menglian suture zone and their implications

Located in the middle and north sections of Changning-Menglian suture zone,Lailitoushan,Yunling and Gengma plutons are mainly composed of monzogranites.The zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating indicates that the three granitoid plutons intruded simultaneously at about 231Ma.The three plutons have 65.65% ～ 67.68% SiO2,with high K2O(K2O/Na2O = 2.71% ～ 1.42%) and low CaO(1.35% ～ 2.98%). These granitoids are high in A/CNK(1.10 ～ 1.22),and are enriched in Rb,Ba,Th,U,K,La and LREE,but depleted in Nb,Ta,Ti,Zr and Hf.These geochemical signatures indicate that the three plutons are high-K calcalkaline peraluminous S-type granites.The wide and negative zircon eHf(t) values(-26.8 ～-8.2) and ancient Hf-isotope crust model ages(1.2 ～ 2.7Ga) indicate that these three plutons originated mainly from anatexis of ancient crust materials(such as feldspar-and biotite-bearing lithic greywacke) with varying contributions of mantle-derived materials.These plutons probably formed in a post-collisional setting,which may imply that the Burma-Thai-Malaysia microcontinent collided with the Simao block before 232Ma(prior to Late Triassic).
Mineral layering in the Bushveld Complex; implications of Cr abundances in magnetite from closely spaced magnetitite and intervening silicate-rich layers

The Cr abundances in magnetite separates from the Main Magnetite layer, 1 magnetite layers 1 and 2, and the intervening anorthositic horizons have been determined from two widely spaced localities in the eastern Bushveld Complex. Chromium abundance is greatest at the base of the Main Magnetite layer (around 7,000 ppm) and decreases rapidly with height through this layer and the overlying anorthositic horizon. The base of layer 1 is associated with a high Cr content (about 1,500 ppm), which is followed by a steady upward decrease. The base of layer 2 is also characterized by a high Cr abundance (about 900 ppm) and detailed studies indicate a slight rise in Cr near the base of this layer.Chromium abundance profiles are examined in the light of several models which have been proposed for the origin of mineralogical layering. The general features of the abundance profiles are compatible with a variety of models; however, it appears that the detailed features of these profiles are best accounted for by a model involving bottom growth, with a slow and variable rate of supply of Cr to the crystallization zone.
Effects of Sedimentary Structure and Bathymetry Near the Source On Teleseismic P Waveforms From Shallow Subduction Zone Earthquakes

SUMMARY The effects of sedimentary layers and non-flat bathymetry on teleseismic P waveforms from shallow subduction zone earthquakes are examined by calculating synthetic seismograms. The actual bathymetry and shallow sedimentary layers revealed by the seismic refraction studies are incorporated in 2-D velocity models of the oceanic trench region. 2-D finite-difference calculation is employed to get a complete response of the assumed non-flat model structures. The result of the modelling of WWSSN long-period seismograms shows that not only the non-flat bathymetry but also thick sedimentary layers are essential to model the synthetic seismograms. The lack of non-flat bathymetry or sedimentary structure in the structural model often results in unrealistic synthetics. In general, the paths going across the trench axis are most affected. This is caused by the steeply dipping ocean bottom and the thick sedimentary layers at the trench slope. Observed seismograms of the 1968 Kurile thrust event (mb 5.5) and the 1967 Java normal event (mb 6.0) show remarkable large-amplitude later arrivals despite their moderate magnitudes. A realistic model of the trench structure, however, reproduces remarkably well this character of later arrivals, which shows that it is essential to incorporate the structure. Our results also indicate that we need precise knowledge on the trench structure to model the structural effects in detail. On the GDSN long-period seismograms the effect of the sedimentary layers is negligible because the rather narrow-band response of the GDSN seismograph lies in a frequency range lower than the affected band. However, the effect of the non-flat bathymetry is significant and can not be neglected.
In the Quest for Scale-optimal Mappings

Optimal mapping is one of the longest-standing problems in computational mathematics. It is natural to measure the relative curve length error under map to assess its quality. The maximum of such error is called the quasi-isometry constant, and its minimization is a nontrivial max-norm optimization problem. We present a physics-based quasi-isometric stiffening (QIS) algorithm for the max-norm minimization of hyperelastic distortion. QIS perfectly equidistributes distortion over the entire domain for the ground-truth test (unit hemisphere flattening) and, when it is not possible, tends to create zones where all cells have the same distortion. Such zones correspond to fragments of elastic material that became rigid under stiffening, reaching the deformation limit. As such, maps built by QIS are related to the de Boor equidistribution principle, which asks for an integral of a certain error indicator function to be the same over each mesh cell. Under certain assumptions on the minimization toolbox, we prove that our method can build, in a finite number of steps, a deformation whose maximum distortion is arbitrarily close to the (unknown) minimum. We performed extensive testing: on more than 10,000 domains QIS was reliably better than the competing methods. In summary, we reliably build 2D and 3D mesh deformations with the smallest known distortion estimates for very stiff problems.
Understanding the Surface Discharge Activity With Nano Oil-Pressboard Insulation Under AC and Lightning Impulse Voltages

The present study investigates the performance of nanofluid-impregnated pressboard material for surface discharges. Surface discharge is simulated as per IEC 60112 standard with nano TiO2 dispersed mineral oil-impregnated pressboard. During surface discharge, multiple activities, such as localized surface discharge inception followed by bright light occurrences, bubble formation, and bridging of electrodes, occur over an extended period of time. The surface discharge activity under ac and transient voltage profiles was monitored by adopting ultrahigh-frequency (UHF) and optical detection sensors. The pressboard material impregnated with nanoparticle dispersed fluid shows that 9.7% improvement is surface discharge inception voltage (SDIV) compared to pressboard impregnated with pure transformer oil. Furthermore, three machine learning (ML) algorithms, support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and k-nearest neighbor (kNN) algorithms were used to evaluate the best-fit model for classifying the various stages of the surface discharge process. Classification accuracy is achieved to be 97.3% with the optimized parameters. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) identifies that the elemental composition at the discharge sites on the pressboard and the plasma temperature of carbon traces were evaluated. Plasma temperature for lightning impulse treated is lower due to the instantaneous breakdown occurring in the surface of the pressboard in comparison to the ac voltage profile.
The Impact of Using Carbohydrate Counting on Managing Diabetic Patients: A Review

Carbohydrate counting (CC) is a meal planning practice for diabetic patients, focusing on tracking the amount of carbohydrates in grams consumed at meals to manage blood glucose (BG) levels. The purpose of this narrative review is to evaluate the impact of CC in helping people with diabetes manage their condition. It reveals that CC offers superior glycemic control and flexibility compared to other food planning techniques. Specifically, when applied to children and teenage patients diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), CC demonstrates the potential for substantial improvements in metabolic control without any adverse effects on weight or increased insulin requirements. In the context of T1DM, the combination of CC and the use of automated bolus calculators (ABCs) contributes to lowering glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Furthermore, the study highlights that CC also holds promise in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In T2DM patients, adhering to a low glycemic index (GI) diet has proven to be more effective in controlling HbA1c and fasting BG levels compared to a higher GI diet or standard dietary control. This research underscores the evolving significance of CC as a pivotal component in diabetes management, attributed to increased awareness and education among patients. CC emerges as a versatile tool that can benefit individuals with various forms of diabetes by enhancing their glycemic control and overall quality of life. The findings affirm the impact of CC in improving patient outcomes, solidifying its status as a vital strategy in the multifaceted landscape of diabetes care.