Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A bibliometric analysis of the scientific literature on Fairtrade labelling

Since its foundation, the Fairtrade movement has attracted the attention of consumers, practitioners, media and scholars. Discussing the role that Fairtrade can play on a global yet locally rooted scale is very complex, as research reports contrasting results about its usefulness and effectiveness. This study examines scientific research on Fairtrade over the last decades by conducting a bibliometric analysis of the literature published on the ISI Web of Knowledge Core Collection, which included 876 papers by 1293 authors in 432 journals. Results show that despite this is a relatively recent field of study, Fairtrade has been approached from different disciplines with different methodologies and objectives. The structured quantitative study of the literature enabled us to inspect how research has evolved over the years in the light of the changes faced by Fairtrade, to explore its scope in the broader field of global market, to detect current research schools and perspectives within the network and to push the envelope by identifying hither to unaddressed issues and unconnected subfields.
influenzae corneal ulcer associated with atopic

Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) (mandibulofacial dysostosis (MFD) or zygoauromandibular dysplasia) is one of a group of congenital malformation syndromes that have in common maldevelopment of the first and second branchial arches. Clinical features typically include hypoplasia of the mandible and zygoma; a complex variety of ear abnormalities including malformed pinnae, atresia of the external auditory canals and anomalies of the middle ear ossicles; cleft palate; receding chin; and sinus and choanal atresia. We present a pair of twins that possessed not only classic features of TCS but also unusual visceral and previously unreported ophthalmic pathology.
Dense Point Cloud Extraction From Oblique Imagery

With the increasing availability of low-cost digital cameras with small or medium sized sensors, more and more airborne images are available with high resolution, which enhances the possibility in establishing three dimensional models for urban areas. The high accuracy of representation of buildings in urban areas is required for asset valuation or disaster recovery. Many automatic methods for modeling and reconstruction are applied to aerial images together with Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data. If LiDAR data are not provided, manual steps must be applied, which results in semi-automated technique. The automated extraction of 3D urban models can be aided by the automatic extraction of dense point clouds. The more dense the point clouds, the easier the modeling and the higher the accuracy. Also oblique aerial imagery provides more facade information than nadir images, such as building height and texture. So a method for automatic dense point cloud extraction from oblique images is desired. iii In this thesis, a modified workflow for the automated extraction of dense point clouds from oblique images is proposed and tested. The result reveals that this modified workflow works well and a very dense point cloud can be extracted from only two oblique images with slightly higher accuracy in flat areas than the one extracted by the original workflow. Technology (RIT) for point cloud extraction from nadir images. For oblique images, a first modification is proposed in the feature detection part by replacing the Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) algorithm with the Affine Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (ASIFT) algorithm. After that, in order to realize a very dense point cloud, the Semi-Global Matching (SGM) algorithm is implemented in the second modification to compute the disparity map from a stereo image pair, which can then be used to reproject pixels back to a point cloud. A noise removal step is added in the third modification. The point cloud from the modified workflow is much denser compared to the result from the original workflow. An accuracy assessment is made in the end to evaluate the point cloud extracted from the modified workflow. From the two flat areas, subsets of points are selected from both original and modified workflow, and then planes are fitted to them, respectively. The Mean Squared Error (MSE) of the points to the fitted plane is compared. The point subsets from the modified workflow have slightly lower MSEs than the ones from the original workflow, respectively. …
Harvard Institute of Economic Research Discussion Paper Number 2015 Compensatory Transfers in Two-Player Decision Problems by Jerry R . Green August 2003

This paper presents an axiomatic characterization of a family of solutions to two-player quasi-linear social choice problems. In these problems the players select a single action from a set available to them. They may also transfer money between themselves. The solutions form a one-parameter family, where the parameter is a nonnegative number, t. The solutions can be interpreted as follows: Any efficient action can be selected. Based on this action, compute for each player a "best claim for compensation". A claim for compensation is the difference between the value of an alternative action and the selected efficient action, minus a penalty proportional to the extent to which the alternative action is inefficient. The coefficient of proportionality of this penalty is t. The best claim for compensation for a player is the maximum of this computed claim over all possible alternative actions. The solution, at the parameter value t, is to implement the chosen efficient action and make a monetary transfer equal to the average of these two best claims. The characterization relies on three main axioms. The paper presents and justifies these axioms and compares them to related conditions used in other bargaining contexts. In Nash Bargaining Theory, the axioms analagous to these three are in conflict with each other. In contrast, in the quasi-linear social choice setting of this paper, all three conditions can be satisfied simultaneously. Acknowledgement: This work was supported by the Division of Research at the Harvard Business School. Thanks are due to the Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics at Yale University for its kind hospitality during the Spring of 2002. I have received helpful advice and comments from Youngsub Chun, Ehud Kalai, Herve Moulin, Al Roth, Ilya Segal, Adam Szeidl, Richard Zeckhauser, and other members of the Theory Seminars at Harvard, MIT, Princeton, Rice and Northwestern.
EARL: Eye-on-Hand Reinforcement Learner for Dynamic Grasping with Active Pose Estimation

In this paper, we explore the dynamic grasping of moving objects through active pose tracking and reinforcement learning for hand-eye coordination systems. Most existing vision-based robotic grasping methods implicitly assume target objects are stationary or moving predictably. Performing grasping of unpredictably moving objects presents a unique set of challenges. For example, a pre-computed robust grasp can become unreachable or unstable as the target object moves, and motion planning must also be adaptive. In this work, we present a new approach, Eye-on-hAnd Reinforcement Learner (EARL), for enabling coupled Eye-on-Hand (EoH) robotic manipulation systems to perform real-time active pose tracking and dynamic grasping of novel objects without explicit motion prediction. EARL readily addresses many thorny issues in automated hand-eye coordination, including fast-tracking of 6D object pose from vision, learning control policy for a robotic arm to track a moving object while keeping the object in the camera's field of view, and performing dynamic grasping. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in extensive experiments validated on multiple commercial robotic arms in both simulations and complex real-world tasks.
ANNALES DE LA FACULTÉ DES SCIENCES Mathématiques

A BSTRACT. — Gaussian Process models are often used for predicting and approximating expensive experiments. However, the number of observations required for building such models may become unrealistic when the input dimension increases. In oder to avoid the curse of dimensionality, a popular approach in multivariate smoothing is to make simplifying assumptions like additivity. The ambition of the present work is to give an insight into a family of covariance kernels that allows combining the features of Gaussian Process modeling with the advantages of generalized additive models
Study of orbit properties and intense beam dynamics in a high current separated sector proton cyclotron

This paper outlines a simple method based on analytical formulations to find out the physics design of a separated sector cyclotron. Formulations are developed to determine the magnet sector shape and equilibrium orbit properties for a chosen orbital frequency and a peak magnetic field in the magnet sector. Stability analysis of single particle motion without space charge effect has been performed and allowed values of sector angles are determined. The dynamics of space charge dominated beam in the separated sector proton cyclotron are explored by using beam envelope equations that includes radial and longitudinal coupling. Evolution of the rms beam envelopes and emittances has been studied as a function of the beam current for various sector geometry. The envelope equations and perturbed equations of motion around the matched beam envelopes have been utilized to obtain the matched beam conditions at different values of the beam current.
Polymorphism of fucosyltransferase 3 gene is associated with inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review

Abstract Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a condition with an unclear genetic basis. Fucosyltransferase 3 (FUT3) could potentially be linked to IBD susceptibility. Objective To investigate the association between FUT3 gene polymorphisms and IBD. Methods Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 checklist and Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, and Study (PICOS) guidelines, case-control studies published until April 30, 2020 was searched. Two independent reviewers conducted screening, data extraction, and quality assessment using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Meta-analysis, sensitivity analysis, and Egger tests were performed using RevMan and Stata12.0. Results The review included 5 articles and 12 case-control studies involving 1712 IBD patients and 1903 controls. The meta-analysis revealed the following combined odds ratios [95% confidence intervals]: rs3745635 genotype (GA+AA vs GG) 0.84 (0.72–0.97), (GG+GA vs AA) 1.93 (1.23–3.05), (GG vs AA) 2.38 (1.52–3.74), (A vs G) 0.84 (0.73–0.96); rs3894326 genotype (TA+AA vs TT) 1.03 (0.87–1.23), (TT+TA vs AA) 1.19 (0.56–2.51), (TT vs AA) 1.19 (0.56–2.51), (A vs T) 1.02 (0.86–1.20); rs28362459 genotype (TG+GG vs TT) 0.98 (0.85–1.12), (TT+TG vs GG) 1.20 (0.90–1.61), (TT vs GG) 1.21 (0.90–1.62), (G vs T) 0.96 (0.86–1.07). Sensitivity analysis indicated the stability of the results, and Egger analysis showed no significant publication bias. Conclusions The rs3745635 gene polymorphism may be associated with IBD susceptibility, whereas the rs3894326 and rs28362459 gene polymorphisms may not be associated with IBD.
The Indonesian Capital Market Review The Indonesian Capital Market Review

This study analyses price impact, herding behaviour, and feedback trading of domestic and foreign investors in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) by employing vector autoregressive models using high-frequency transaction data in the period of 2008 – 2017. We find that domestic investors impact return negatively whereas foreign investors have no impact to return. In terms of herding behavior, domestic and foreign investors herd to themselves strongly. Domestic investors reverse-herd to foreign investors in the short-term (1 day) but no consistent pattern in the opposite direction. Regarding feedback trading, both domestic and foreign investors are contrarian in the big and medium cap port-folios but employ momentum strategy in the small cap portfolio. We also find that, in the crisis period, price impact is more pronounced in terms of economic and statistical significance. On the other hand, evidence of herding behavior and feedback trading decreases in market downturns, although with the same patterns overall.
Osteology and variation of Brachylophosaurus canadensis (Dinousauria, Hadrosauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous Judith River formation of Montana

The recovery of an adult articulated, complete skeleton and more than 1,300 specimens from a bonebed of the hadrosaurid dinosaur Brachylophosaurus canadensis allowed a reexamination of the morphologic features of this taxon. The fossils were recovered from Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Judith River of northeastern Montana. The bones were first described element by element in order to produce a complete redescription of the whole skeleton. Secondly, a systematic analysis of the morphological variation present in each element was conducted. Finally, a revision of the systematic position of this taxon was undertaken. B. canadensis is rediagnosed on the basis of a subrectangular skull with a relatively deep snout; nasals greatly developed into a paddle-like solid crest that extends caudodorsally overhanging the dorsal region of the skull; nasals possessing an anteroposteriorly-oriented groove terminating in an elongated foramen, located medial to the prefrontal; prefrontal projected posteriorly, resting dorsomedially over the anterior process of postorbital and, more posteriorly, extending ventromedially underlying the nasal; jugal with a ventrally projected semicircular flange, being deeper element than in Maias aura; depressed dorsal surface of the frontal between the nasal joint and the postorbital suture; anteroposteriorly short exoccipital-supraoccipital roof posterior and dorsal to the foramen magnum; stemals with a compressed, oval “paddle”; and very elongated, slender forearm due to elongation of radii and ulnae. The species B. goodwini is considered a junior synonym of B. canadensis. The completeness of the new specimens from Malta complements our knowledge on hadrosaur anatomy. The available specimens of B. canadensis show individual, ontogenetic, and dimorphic variation. At least four subadults and two adults are represented in the bonebed as deduced from the maximum number of specimens of the same side of a single element. Most remarkable is the dimorphic variation, which is here explained either as sexual dimorphism or size and ontogenetic changes. The phylogenetic analysis agrees . with previous hypothesis that placed B. canadensis as the sister taxon of Maiasaura peeblesorum. Both taxa form a relatively basal clade in relation to the successive more derived Gryposaurus, Prosaurolophus, and Edmontosaurus.
Interference in working memory is not displacement nor competition - it is limited destruction

Free recall of 499 Russian college students was measured using the Tarnow Unchunkable Test (Tarnow, 2014) consisting of sets of 3 and 4 double digit items. Most students can remember 3 items but not 4 items and when the 4th item is added the total recall decreases (Ershova & Tarnow, 2016a). Here we describe the interference that results when adding the fourth item. First, we find that interference affects the items differently, evidence that working memory does not consist of identical “slots”; primacy is found to be an important stabilizer. We model the four item experiment as a superposition of the three item result and a perfectly recalled 1st or 4th item and find that the 4th position is affected 2.5 times as much as is the 1st position. Second, contrary to the displacement/competition theory, recall correlations of the added item with the old items (apparently reported for the first time in a free recall experiment) are typically positive. Third these correlations decay exponentially with item-item presentation distance and are symmetric with respect to time reversal. Small negative recall correlations only appear for subjects with the smallest working memory capacities. Third, also contrary to displacement/competition theory, the fourth item is the least likely to be recalled, thus there is not much need for it to displace the other items. This creates a paradox: while displaying the N+1 item decreases the probability of recall of the N items, actually recalling the N+1 item is positively correlated with recalling the other N items: the N+1 item destroys some of the underlying memory system and then functions as a gauge of its own destruction.
Rural water pipeline flow and water quality study

Many farms and agricultural operations in rural Saskatchewan obtain water from rural water pipelines. These pipelines serve a small number of users spread over a large area, which results in large hydraulic residence times (HRT). The magnitude of the HRTs are a concern because of the degradation ofwater quality over time and the potential for biofilms to form in the pipeline. Biofilms have been reported to form even in the presence of a substantial chlorine residual, given time and substrate. The danger for users of these systems is that mature biofilms often have a diverse population of bacteria, some ofwhich are reportedly opportunistic pathogens. Despite the widespread use ofrural water pipelines, little is known about the hydraulic patterns and water quality variations in these systems. This study investigated both hydraulic and water quality variations and sampled sections of the two pipelines studied for the presence ofbiofilms. Of the two pipelines studied, one conveyed raw water, while the other was supplied treated water from a regional water treatment plant. The data collected over a period of approximately 16 months showed that average demand was highest in the winter months when many farmsteads were wintering cattle. However, peak hourly flow rates occurred in the late summer, typically August. The peak factors determined from the data showed a peak day factor of 1.97 and a peak hour factor of 4.53. Pressures in the extremities of the two networks studied were highly variable, sometimes reaching unacceptably low values during periods of high demand as a result of activity elsewhere in the network. Peak concentrations of organic carbon and epifluorescent bacteria and high chlorine decay typically coincided with the peak temperatures, occurring in August and September of each year. The recommended threshold values for biofilm control (BDOC < 0.2mg/L, free chlorine> 0.1 mg/L, and temperature < 15°C) were breached for only a portion of this period. The ground temperature, which varies throughout the year, is believed to greatly mitigate biofilm formation as water temperature in these branch
Degree Spectra of Homeomorphism Type of Compact Polish Spaces

A Polish space is not always homeomorphic to a computably presented Polish space. In this article, we examine degrees of non-computability of presenting homeomorphic copies of compact Polish spaces. We show that there exists a $0'$-computable low$_3$ compact Polish space which is not homeomorphic to a computable one, and that, for any natural number $n\geq 2$, there exists a Polish space $X_n$ such that exactly the high$_{n}$-degrees are required to present the homeomorphism type of $X_n$. We also show that no compact Polish space has a least presentation with respect to Turing reducibility. The first version of this article appeared in April 2020. A major update was made in September 2023, with improved proofs and results. This is the final version from January 2024, with more results on \v{C}ech homology groups.
C ATEGOROIDS : U NIVERSAL C ONDITIONAL I NDEPENDENCE

We introduce categoroids , an algebraic structure for characterizing universal properties of conditional independence. Categoroids are deﬁned as a hybrid of two categories: one encoding a preordered lattice structure deﬁned by objects and arrows between them; the second dual parameterization involves trigonoidal objects and morphisms deﬁning a conditional independence structure, with bridge morphisms providing the interface between the binary and ternary structures. A morphism from a trigonoidal object (A, C, B) – denoting an abstract property that A is conditionally independent of B given a “separoid" object C – to another trigonoidal object (A’, C’, B’) represents a valid proof in a conditional independence axiom system. We illustrate categoroids using three well-known examples of axiom sets: graphoids, integer-valued multisets, and separoids. Functoroids map one categoroid to another, preserving the relationships deﬁned by all three types of arrows in the co-domain categoroid. We describe a natural transformation across functoroids, which is natural across regular objects and trigonoidal objects, to construct universal representations of conditional independence. We use a variant of the Yoneda Lemma for categoroids, which deﬁnes a natural transformation between the set-valued functoroid induced over all binary, bridge, and trigonoidal arrows from an object to any set-valued functoroid from a categoroid. We use adjunctions and monads between categoroids to abstractly characterize faithfulness of graphical and non-graphical representations of conditional independence. A “forgetful" functoroid deﬁnes a right adjoint between a categoroid and its concrete graphical or non-graphical representation; its associated left adjoint deﬁnes the “free" object associated with categoroid.
stereotype in the Florentine Medieval popular culture:

: Purpose – This paper explores the stereotype of the accountant in Florentine medieval popular culture based on literary works and from a historical perspective. It aims to highlight how stereotypes change with time and represent the cultural and historical evolution of a society. This research challenges Miley and Read (2012) who stated that the foundation of the stereotype was in Commedia dell’arte , an Italian form of improvisational theatre commenced in the 15th century. Design/methodology/approach – We applied a qualitative research method to examine the accountant from a medieval popular culture perspective. The analysis consists of two phases: (1) categorisation of the accountant stereotype based on accounting history literature and (2) thematic analysis of The Divine Comedy (1307–1313) and The Decameron (1348–1351). We explored a synchronic perspective of historical investigation through a ‘cross-author’ comparison, identifying Dante Alighieri as the first key author of medieval popular culture. During his imaginary journey through The Divine Comedy , Dante describes the social, political, and economic context of the Florentine people of the 14th century. Then, with its various folkloristic elements, The Decameron of Giovanni Boccaccio becomes the ‘manifesto’ of the popular culture in the Florentine medieval times. Findings – This study shows the change of the accountant stereotype from the medieval age to the Renaissance. The Divine Comedy mainly connotes a negative accountant stereotype. The 14 th century’s Florentine gentlemen (‘ i galantuomini ’) are apparently positive characters, with an ordered and clean aspect, but they are accused of being usurers. Dante Alighieri pictures the accountant as a ‘servant of capitalism’, ‘dishonest person, excessively fixated with money’, ‘villain and evil’, and ‘excessively rational’. Giovanni Boccaccio mainly portrays a positive accountant stereotype. The accountant is increasingly more reliable, and this ‘commercial man’ takes a more prestigious role in the society. In The Decameron the accountant is depicted as a ‘hero’, ‘gentleman’, ‘family-oriented person with a high level of work commitment’, and ‘colourful persona,