Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Axiomatic Approach to Gröbner Basis Theory by Examining Several Reduction Principles

Several variants of the classical theory of Grobner bases can be found in the literature. They come, depending on the structure they operate on, with their own specific peculiarity. Setting up an expedient reduction concept depends on the arithmetic equipment that is provided by the structure in question. Often it is necessary to introduce a term order that can be used for determining the orientation of the reduction, the choice of which might be a delicate task. But there are other situations where a different type of structure might give the appropriate basis for formulating adequate rewrite rules. In this paper we have tried to find a unified concept for dealing with such situations. We develop a global theory of Grobner bases for modules over a large class of rings. The method is axiomatic in that we demand properties that should be satisfied by a reduction process. Reduction concepts obeying the principles formulated in the axioms are then guaranteed to terminate. The class of rings we consider is large enough to subsume interesting candidates. Among others this class contains rings of differential operators, Ore-algebras and rings of difference-differential operators. The theory is general enough to embrace the well-known classical Grobner basis concepts of commutative algebra as well as several modern approaches for modules over relevant noncommutative rings. We start with introducing the appropriate axioms step by step, derive consequences from them and end up with the Buchberger Algorithm, that makes it possible to compute a Grobner basis. At the end of the paper we provide a few examples to illustrate the abstract concepts in concrete situations.
Potential Role of The Upregulation of The Zinc Finger Protein of The Cerebellum 2 In Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common type of cancer mainly caused by EB virus infection in southern China and Southeast Asia. Zinc finger protein of the cerebellum 2 has been reported to be dysregulated in numerous cancers. However, its role in NPC has not yet been completely investigated. Methods: ZIC2 mRNA expression and clinical role of NPC was explored by Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases and tissue microarrays. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was used to assessed the protein expression level of ZIC2 in NPC. Moreover, functional enrichment analyses were performed by the overlapping genes of differentially expressed genes in NPC and ZIC2 related co-expressed genes. Cistrome Data Browser (Cistrome DB) and scatter diagrams displayed the possibility of ATAD2 as a target gene of ZIC2. Last, characteristic phenotype was identified by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Results: The mRNA expression levels of ZIC2 were significantly increased in NPC within genechips and tissue microarrays (SMD = 2.14; 95% CI = 1.85–2.44). Increased ZIC2 correlated with poor prognosis in NPC patients. The IHC results also showed that ZIC2 protein expression in NPC tissues was remarkably higher than in control tissues. Enrichment analysis showed that genes positively related to ZIC2 are mainly enriched in cell division and in the cell cycle. WGCNA analysis discovered that NPC dataset GSE12452 may be positive correlated with N stage and nagetive correlated with grade. Conclusion: ZIC2 upregulation may promote NPC tumorigenesis through cancer cell proliferation and cell cycle regulation. ATAD2 may produce a marked effect as the downstream target of ZIC2.
Tetrasiklin Antibiyotiğinin Zeolitte Adsorpsiyonu

In this study, the adsorption of widely used antibiotic, oxytetracycline (OTC) onto sodium (Na + ) and hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA) modified zeolite was investigated. Adsorption studies were carried out at different OTC concentrations, initial pH’s, and adsorbent dosages. The adsorption isotherm data were fitted to Freundlich model. Antibiotic adsorption on HDTMA-zeolite exhibited stronger pH dependence and 90% antibiotic removal was achieved at pH 8 and maximum OTC adsorption of Na-zeolite 88% occurred at pH 6.5. The kinetic models including pseudo-first and second order were tested to determine adsorption model for kinetics. The effect of various ions on the adsorption of OTC by Na and HDTMA-zeolite was also investigated. While the presence of calcium, magnesium, phosphate, chloride, and sulfate ions lead to decrease the sorption of OTC onto Na and HDTMA-zeolite, bicarbonate ion lead to improve the adsorption of OTC on HDTMA - zeolite. NH 4+ and OTC were simultaneously removed from water by Na-zeolite.
Petrochemical Production Big Data and its Four Typical Application Paradigms

In recent years, the big data has attracted more and more attention. It can bring us more information and broader perspective to analyse and deal with problems than the conventional situation. However, so far, there is no widely acceptable and measurable definition for the term “big data”. For example, what significant features a data set needs to have can be called big data, and how large a data set is can be called big data, and so on. Although the "5V" description widely used in textbooks has been tried to solve the above problems in many big data literatures, "5V" still has significant shortcomings and limitations, and is not suitable for completely describing big data problems in practical fields such as industrial production. Therefore, this paper creatively puts forward the new concept of data cloud and the data cloud-based "3M" descriptive definition of big data, which refers to a wide range of data sources (Multisource), ultra-high dimensions (Multi-dimensional) and a long enough time span (Multi-spatiotemporal). Based on the 3M description of big data, this paper sets up four typical application paradigms for the production big data, analyses the typical application of four paradigms of big data, and lays the foundation for applications of big data from petrochemical industry.
Radiation Necrosis with Proton Therapy in a Patient with Aarskog-Scott Syndrome and Medulloblastoma

Purpose Medulloblastoma is known to be associated with multiple cancer-predisposition syndromes. In this article, we explore a possible association among a patient's Aarskog-Scott syndrome, development of medulloblastoma, and subsequent brainstem radiation necrosis. Case Presentation A 5-year-old male with Aarskog-Scott syndrome initially presented to his pediatrician with morning emesis, gait instability, and truncal weakness. He was ultimately found to have a posterior fossa tumor with pathology consistent with group 3 medulloblastoma. After receiving a gross total resection and standard proton beam radiation therapy with concurrent vincristine, he was noted to develop brainstem radiation necrosis, for which he underwent therapy with high-dose dexamethasone, bevacizumab, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy with radiographic improvement and clinical stabilization. Conclusion Based on several possible pathologic correlates in the FDG1 pathway, there exists a potential association between this patient's Aarskog-Scott syndrome and medulloblastoma, which needs to be investigated further. In patients with underlying, rare genetic syndromes, further caution should be taken when evaluating chemotherapy and radiation dosimetry planning.
GC-MS Identification of Anti-inflammatory and Anticancer Metabolites in Edible Milky White Mushroom (Calocybe indica) against Human Breast Cancer (MCF-7) Cells

Milky White Mushroom is a species of edible mushroom native to India. The Purpose of this study was to determine the anti-inflammatory and anticancer compounds from Calocybe indica. The ethanolic extract from Calocybe indica were prepared. GC-MS was performed and the major bioactive compounds such as polysaccharides, amino acids, sterols, phytol, and squalene were determined. Calocybe indica was analyzed for their antioxidant activity through In vitro assays such as Free radical activity on DPPH, Hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, Nitric Oxide scavenging assay, Superoxide scavenging assay. Anti-inflammatory effect was estimated by protein denaturation inhibition assay, Proteinase inhibition assay, Cyclooxygenase inhibition assay and Lipoxygenase inhibition assay. Anticancer activity of Calocybe indica extract showed maximum inhibition of 69.11% of growth of human breast cancer cell (MCF 7) at 100μg/ml exposure for about 72 hours. At the end of this study, it was indicated that ethanolic extract of Calocybe indica can be used as an anti- inflammatory and anticancer agent.
Creating Cocrystals: A Review of Pharmaceutical Cocrystal Preparation Routes and Applications

Originally discovered almost a century ago, cocrystals continue to gain interest in the modern day due to their ability to modify the physical properties of solid-state materials, particularly pharmaceuticals. Intensification of cocrystal research efforts has been accompanied by an expansion of the potential applications where cocrystals can offer a benefit. Where once solubility manipulation was seen as the primary driver for cocrystal formation, cocrystals have recently been shown to provide attractive options for taste masking, mechanical property improvement, and intellectual property generation and extension. Cocrystals are becoming a commercial reality with a number of cocrystal products currently on the market and more following in registration and clinical trial phases. Increased commercialization of cocrystals has in turn necessitated additional research on methods to make cocrystals, with particular emphasis placed on emerging technologies that can offer environmentally attractive and efficient .
An investigation on the morphology and microstructure of electrospun CMCH/PEO and CMCH/PVA nanofibers

Abstract This work reports on the microstructure and antibacterial properties of electrospun carboxy methyl chitosan/poly(ethylene oxide) (CMCH/PEO) and carboxy methyl chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) (CMCH/PVA) nanofibers. The highest share of CMCH in CMCH/PEO and CMCH/PVA in beadless nanofibers was about 50% and 28%, respectively. Higher proportions of CMCH led to unacceptable nanofibers. Depending on the share of the components, an average diameter in the range of 83–209 nm and 218–458 nm was obtained for CMCH/PEO and CMCH/PVA nanofibers, respectively. The average diameter of the nanofibers increased with higher viscosities and decreased with higher electrical conductivity of the electrospinning solutions. FTIR analysis showed interactions between CMCH and PEO or PVA in the hybrid nanofibers. XRD analysis showed dispersed crystallites in a non-crystalline matrix for both CMCH/PEO and CMCH/PVA nanofibers. Both hybrid nanofibers showed a high antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus.
Crosslinked Poly(tetrahydrofuran) as a Loosely Coordinating Polymer Electrolyte

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) promise to improve the safety and performance of lithium ion batteries (LIBs). However, the low ionic conductivity and transference number of conventional poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)‐based SPEs preclude their widespread implementation. Herein, crosslinked poly(tetrahydrofuran) (xPTHF) is introduced as a promising polymer matrix for “beyond PEO” SPEs. The crosslinking procedure creates thermally stable, mechanically robust membranes for use in LIBs. Molecular dynamics and density functional theory (DFT) simulations accompanied by 7Li NMR measurements show that the lower spatial concentration of oxygen atoms in the xPTHF backbone leads to loosened O–Li+ coordination. This weakened interaction enhances ion transport; xPTHF has a high lithium transference number of 0.53 and higher lithium conductivity than a xPEO SPE of the same length at room temperature. It is demonstrated that organic additives further weaken the O–Li+ interaction, enabling room temperature ionic conductivity of 1.2 × 10−4 S cm−1 with 18 wt% N,N‐dimethylformamide in xPTHF. In a solid‐state LIB application, neat xPTHF SPEs cycle with near theoretical capacity for 100 cycles at 70 °C, with rate capability up to 1 C. The plasticized xPTHF SPEs operate at room temperature while maintaining respectable rate capability and capacity. The novel PTHF system demonstrated here represents an exciting platform for future studies involving SPEs.
Consistent, accurate, high resolution, long time-series mapping of built-up land in the North China Plain

ABSTRACT Accurate, long time-series, high-resolution mapping of built-up land dynamics is essential for understanding urbanization and its environmental impacts. Despite advances in remote sensing and classification algorithms, built-up land mapping which only uses spectral data and derived indices remains prone to uncertainty. We mapped the extent of built-up land in the North China Plain, one of China’s most important agricultural regions, from 1990 to 2019 at three-yearly intervals and 30 m spatial resolution. We applied Discrete Fourier Transformation to dense time-stack Landsat data to create Fourier predictors to reduce mapping uncertainty. As a result, we improved the overall accuracy of built-up land mapping by 8% compared to using spectral data and derived indices. In addition, a temporal correction algorithm applied to remove misclassified pixels further improved mapping accuracy to a consistently high level (>94%) over the time periods. A cross-product comparison showed that our maps achieved the highest accuracies across all years. The built-up land area in the North China Plain increased from 37,941 km2 in 1990–1992 to 131,578 km2 in 2017–2019. Consistent, high-accuracy, long time-series built-up land mapping provides a reliable basis for formulating policy and planning in one of the most rapidly urbanizing regions on this planet.
School principal’s role in increasing teachers’ pedagogical and professional competence in elementary schools in Indonesia

A principal has an important role in improving teacher’s competence. This qualitative research with a case study approach aimed to reveal school principal’s role in increasing teacher pedagogical and professional competence in Muhammadiyah elementary school of Macanan, Sleman and Muhammadiyah elementary school of Al-Mujahidin, Gunungkidul. The research subject was the school principal and teachers. Data were collected through observation, interview, and documentation, then were analyzed using the stages of data collection, data reduction, data representation, and conclusion drawing. The results show that the role of the school principal in increasing teacher pedagogical and professional competence was as a manager, leader, and innovator. As a manager, the school principal planned the program by detailing educators need and education staff, planning curriculum, and planning a policy for ad-ding the subject of guidance and counselling. As a leader, the school principal set the targets regarding class management and arranged a briefing, while as an innovator, the school principal emphasized the importance of innovation of information technology-based learning and class management. The three roles of the school principal impacted on teacher competence in conducting fun and meaningful learning, class management, the use of information technology in learning, the mastery of the material and student development. This research finding recommends Indonesia’s educational stakeholders to formulate the teacher’s competence development program.
The Sunn [Eurygaster spp. (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae)] damage in wheat and the effect of seed amount used on yield by fuzzy logic method

Sunn pest (Eurygaster spp.) is a highly harmful insect species for Wheatgrass. Especially with the emphasis it makes in herbal products, it causes the wheat to lose both its bread and pasta qualities. This study presents an example of a model that approximates the wheat yield in the irrigated field in Batman province according to the criteria selected through fuzzy logic. In the modelling, firstly the parameters affecting the wheat yield were determined and input and output variables were defined. In the next step, the membership functions are determined by doing the blurring process. The triangular membership function has been selected for the membership function. Later, fuzzy rule base was determined and fuzzy rules were formed. In the next step, the fuzzy inference mechanism was created. For the rinsing process, the "weight average" method was used. In the study, fuzzy logic toolbox was used in Matlab and the results obtained were seen to be useful in determining wheat yield per decare.
Retrospective, Perspective and Prospective of B-Complex Vitamins: Encapsulation of Vitamins and Release from Vitamin-Loaded Polymers

Vitamins are regarded as vital nutrients because, when combined, they performed hundreds of functions in the body. They strengthen bones, heal wounds, and boost your immune system. In addition, they transform food into energy and heal cellular damage. In this regard, B-complex vitamins, such as thiamine, riboflavin, and niacin are soluble vitamins that serve as coenzymes in energy metabolism enzymatic activities which building blocks of a healthy body. However, B-complex vitamins are sensitive to light, pH conditions, and temperature. Consequently, they must be encapsulated before they may be used in pharmaceuticals. Recently, it is mainly focused on reducing drug degradation or loss, increase drug bioavailability, limit adverse effects, and improve drug accumulation in the targeted location. To maintain optimum bioavailability during a defined term of therapy, the fraction of drug dosage released from a controlled release product must be significant enough to adjust for the quantity of active drug metabolized and/or eliminated from the body over the same period. Drug release systems also aim to increase the effectiveness of the drug and treat the damaged area. In this chapter, it is aimed to study the production of the vitamin-loaded polymer systems in various forms, such as micro/nanoparticles, micelle, hydrogel, liposome, and nanofiber, as well as release studies in pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.
Preparation and characterization of chitosan membranes

The present study investigates a new solvent system for the dissolution of chitosan and a new method for preparing chitosan membranes. First, aqueous tartaric acid was used to pretreat chitosan. Then, the chitosan was precipitated with ethanol or other regenerating agents, and 1.5 mL of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM]AC) was added to obtain translucent suspensions. The chitosan membranes were prepared by casting the suspensions on glass plates and allowing solvent evaporation. The structure and properties of the films were investigated by SEM, FT-IR, XRD and TGA. Also, the mechanical properties, as well as physical and chemical characteristics, of the chitosan films were evaluated. The results indicated that the optimum dissolution time was 10 min and the most suitable drying temperature was 60 °C. The thus-prepared film was moderately thick (about 0.02 mm) and had a smooth surface, without curling. The chitosan film prepared by ethanol regeneration had a tensile strength of up to 24 MPa, a minimum swelling degree of 78%, and a water vapor transmission rate of 270 g m−2 d−1 without the addition of plasticizer.
Investigation of Differences in the Cultivation of Nannochloropsis and Chlorella species by Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy

The increasing use of energy in the world is leading to the exhaustion of fossil fuels, so novel alternative solutions have to be found to meet our needs. One solution is renewable raw materials extracted from algae. The use of microalgae is widespread, in addition to energy formation, their biomass can also be utilized as food and other valuable components of them, e.g. amino acids, vitamins and minerals can be used in drugs and cosmetics. Due to their boundless diversity and components, they have become the focus of an ever-increasing number of research areas. Different processes can induce changes in their nutritional content, so optimizing the conditions used during their cultivation is important to produce the desired product. In our study different isolates of microalgae, namely Nannochloropsis sp. and Chlorella vulgaris, were studied using Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic analysis. Variations in the spectra of a given species were studied under different cultivation conditions.
The SARS-CoV-2 arginine dimers

Arginine is present, even as a dimer, in the viral polybasic furin cleavage sites, including that of SARS-CoV-2 in its protein S, whose acquisition is one of its characteristics that distinguishes it from the rest of the sarbecoviruses. The CGGCGG sequence encodes the SARS-CoV-2 furin site RR dimer. The aim of this work is to report the other SARS-CoV-2 arginine pairs, with particular emphasis in their codon usage. Here we show the presence of RR dimers in the orf1ab related non structural proteins nsp3, nsp4, nsp6, nsp13 and nsp14A2. Also, with a higher proportion in the structural protein nucleocapsid. All these RR dimers were strictly conserved in the sarbecovirus strains closest to SARS-CoV-2, and none of them was encoded by the CGGCGG sequence.
Assessing the Performance of Water and Sanitation Tariffs: The Case of Nairobi, Kenya

Policymakers and utility managers can use a variety of tariff structures to calculate customers' bills for water and sanitation services, ranging from a simple fixed monthly fee to complicated multi‐part tariffs with seasonal pricing based on metered water use. This study examines the performance of several alternative tariff structures for water and wastewater services in Nairobi, Kenya using a dynamic tariff simulation model applied to a complete set of billing records from Nairobi City Water and Sewer Company. Simulations show that a uniform volumetric price tariff structure performs as well as or better than several increasing block tariff (IBT) structures across the six performance metrics considered (customer welfare, social welfare, cost recovery, the subsidy delivered through the tariff, subsidy incidence, and water conservation). These findings are robust to changes in the level of cost recovery. This finding challenges the wisdom of the widespread use of IBTs in low‐ and middle‐income countries and current perceptions of best practice in tariff design.
Digital Soil Mapping Using Machine Learning Algorithms in a Tropical Mountainous Area

ABSTRACT: Increasingly, applications of machine learning techniques for digital soil mapping (DSM) are being used for different soil mapping purposes. Considering the variety of models available, it is important to know their performance in relation to soil data and environmental variables involved in soil mapping. This paper investigated the performance of eight machine learning algorithms for soil mapping in a tropical mountainous area of an official rural settlement in the Zona da Mata region in Brazil. Morphometric maps generated from [. ]