Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Algunas pautas del comportamiento hidrogeológico de rocas duras afectadas por glaciarismo y periglaciarismo en Sierra Nevada (España)

We discuss the hydrogeologic behaviour of metamorphic schist materials affected by quaternary glacial and periglacial processes. The field study was carried out in the upper part of Sierra Nevada (Spain), in the basins of the Monachil and Dilar rivers, at altitudes of 1500 to 3400 m a.s. l. The results obtained reveal that the flow is mainly at the subsurface and takes place through glaciary and periglaciary deposits and alteration bands. The drainage network is sparse and influenced by rising springs, mainly located on the lower edges of the above mentioned permeable materials. The depletion coefficients were very high, appropriate to a high transmissivity flow of about 1,5 a 8 x 10 -2 days -1 .
Stakeholders and their respective costs-benefits in IR evaluation

in Information Retrieval are dominated by measures of precision and recall. Is that enough? Probably not, as it somewhat assumes that all information seeking tasks are equal, and that everyone needs the same thing. In this position paper, we advocate a consumers' guide to systems that aim at supporting information seeking tasks. We propose a method that provides guidance in whole-of-system evaluations, explicitly considering all participants and both sides of the "bang for buck" equation.
La plateforme jurassienne au passage Oxfordien - Kimméridgien : dynamique sédimentaire et paléoenvironnements

Au Jurassique superieur, la plateforme carbonatee jurassienne separait le bassin de Paris du Bassin delphino-helvetique. Pauvres en fossiles biostratigraphiques, les depots du passage Oxfordien- Kimmeridgien sont partiellement dates. L'organisation et la hierarchie communes des sequences de depot observees dans le Jura franco-suisse et en Lorraine permettent d'etablir des correlations regionales haute resolution et montrent l'implication des cycles d'excentricite et de precession dans la formation des sequences. Les correlations permettent de reviser le cadre bio-lithostratigraphique du Jura francais et de contraindre l'evolution de la geometrie de la plateforme et de ses paleoenvironnements. Realisees sur des huitres et Trichites issus de niveaux de passage Oxfordien-Kimmeridgien du Jura et de Normandie, des analyses isotopiques montrent une evolution climatique commune a tout le pourtour du bassin de Paris, intimement liee a la dynamique sedimentaire de la plateforme jurassienne. L'etude des entites coralliennes de l'Oxfordien terminal montre que leurs compositions et leurs morphologies sont fonction de leur position sur la plateforme et de l'evolution du niveau marin relatif. A la fin de la zone a Bimammatum, l'enregistrement de pistes de dinosaures dans les depots de la plateforme exprime une phase d'emersion. La position de celle-ci dans le cadre sequentiel montre que l'enregistrement des empreintes est lie a un contexte paleogeographique, paleoenvironnmental et sequentiel exceptionnel, favorisant le developpement, puis l'induration et le recouvrement de laminites microbiennes et la migration des dinosaures sur la plateforme
The Thermal Regime, including a Reversed Thermal Offset, of Arid Permafrost Sites with Variations in Vegetation Cover Density, Wudaoliang Basin, Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau

Commonly, permafrost conditions are characterised by one or two temperature profiles within each unit of a study area. Intra‐unit variation is therefore unknown, and the extent to which the data represent unit conditions cannot be estimated. We have collected ground temperatures from 55 boreholes to 5 m depth drilled in four 200 m2 plots next to the Qinghai‐Tibet Railway near the town of Wudaoliang. The sites are in a dry area of active aeolian erosion and straddle an alpine meadow ecotone between well‐ and sparsely vegetated ground cover. The annual mean air temperature at Wudaoliang is currently about ‐4°C. There is pronounced asymmetry in the seasonal distribution of precipitation, with very little falling between October and April, so that there is almost no snow cover in winter. At every site, air and ground surface temperatures were similar in winter, but the ground surface was considerably warmer than the air in summer in the radiation‐rich environment of the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau. Thawing season n‐factors were between 2 and 3 as a result. Ground conditions in the well‐vegetated meadows were in thermal equilibrium with surface conditions, with the annual mean temperature near the permafrost table (Tps) between ‐1.2 and ‐1.9°C. Within plot spatial variability for Tps, estimated from the standard error of the replicate measurements, was ∼ 0.05°C at each site. Thermal conditions in the eroded, sparsely vegetated area appeared to be transient and warming, with current Tps of ‐0.5°C. The driest site showed a reversed thermal offset in the uppermost active layer. We hypothesise that the reversed offset may occur due to extremely dry conditions in winter, so that at the ground surface, the thermal conductivity is lower in winter than under the moist conditions of summer. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantifying and comparing the effects of weather on bicycle demand in Melbourne (Australia) and Portland (USA)

This paper examines the relationship between weather and travel behavior specifically in the context of cycling. A literature review is used to highlight not only the methodologies which have been employed in previous studies but also the nature of the insight they have provided into the extent to which weather impacts bicyclist behavior. Ridership counts and weather data are then used to develop an aggregate demand model which provides quantitative insight into the effects of weather on bicyclist volumes. The study draws on data from two cities which have been active over many years in encouraging the use of the bicycle for transportation. The two cities considered are Portland, Oregon (USA) and Melbourne, Victoria (Australia). The aggregate demand models facilitate not the identification of important non-linear effects in the relationship between temperature, rainfall and ridership. There are also substantial differences in the extent to which weather related variables are able to explain variability in ridership volumes in the two cities. The paper identifies the relevance of this research to the field of transportation policy in general, and bicycle transportation in particular. Important directions for future research are also identified.
International perspectives on research directions in geography and urban sustainability

Four of the five main articles in this forum are based on the presentations in a planetary session in the International Conference on Spatial and Social Transformation in Urban China held in Hong Kong in December 2012 (and another one was subsequently included). The conference seeks to examine pressing issues in contemporary urban China, including skyrocketed housing prices, increased residential mobility, worsened jobs–housing balance, as well as more serious traffic congestion and air pollution. A variety of themes were explored by conference participants, such as new conceptualizations of China’s urban development, mobility and urban travel, quality of life, land and housing development, urban governance, and sustainable development. The conference had been an excellent and fruitful venue for sharing the latest research findings and perspectives on China’s spatial and social transformations. Four of the five papers in this forum were presented in a plenary session I organized in the conference. The session was entitled “Strategic Directions in Geography, International Perspectives,” in which six invited speakers (from China, the Netherlands, the UK, and the USA) presented their views on various issues concerning the future directions of the discipline and urban sustainability (but only four of them contributed to this forum). The articles by Alexander Murphy and Weidong Liu are concerned with some broad trends in the discipline of geography. Murphy (2014) suggests that the recent revival of interest in geography is not necessarily an indication of a deep appreciation of the value or importance of the discipline. He is concerned that for some the appeal of geography is often based on its “focus on difference and its association with visually alluring maps. ” He reflects on a recent report of the U.S. National Academies entitled Understanding the Changing Planet: Strategic Directions for the Geographical Sciences (NRC 2010). While the report directs our attention to empirical research on environmental change, sustainability issues, the spatial reorganization of society and economy, and the proliferation of new geographical technologies, Murphy argues that the value of the study lies more on its “insights into the relevance of geography’s longstanding concern with location, geographical space, place, landscape, and mapping for efforts to understand a world being remade by rapid environmental, social, and technological changes. ” He concludes that these traditional concerns
SOIL MICROMYCETES AND VEGETATION CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH VEGETATIVE COVER DESTRUCTION ON CHOSEN LOCALITIES OF TATRY MOUNTAINS - FIRST APPROACH

Abstract Ďugova O. , Barančokova M. , Krajči J., Barančok P.: Soil micromycetes and vegetation changes associated with vegetative cover destruction on chosen localities of Tatry Mountains - first approach. Ekologia (Bratislava), Vol. 32, No. 2, p. 158-172, 2013. Species composition of soil micromycetes and vegetation and its changes associated with vegetative cover destruction were observed in four localities of Tatry Mts. Three research plots with different extent of vegetation destruction on each locality were subjectively chosen: control plots with almost no destruction of vegetation and soil cover (C), partially disturbed plots (B) and plots with high level of soil cover destruction where cover of herb layer was less than 20% (A). Plant species composition of control plots was characterised by the highest level of taxonomical diversity, highest cover of herb and moss layer and represented by alpine herb and grass communities on siliceous bedrock (Juncion trifidi alliance) and alpine and subalpine plant communities on calcareous bedrock (Seslerion tatrae alliance). Devastation of soil and vegetation on B and A plots was performed particularly by decreasing of herb layer cover and changes in species composition: species as Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium vitis-idaea and Calluna vulgaris were absent, whereas Poa alpina, Potentilla aurea, Agrostis rupestris or Avenella flexuosa occurred on devastated plots often. From investigated soils 43 species of soil micromycetes were identified. Control plot of each locality was represented by the highest taxonomical diversity of soil micromycetes. The number of species significantly decreased on plots with successive destruction of vegetation cover (B and A). Several species were identified in just one case (Penicillium digitatum (pers.:Fr.) Sacc. , Chrysosporium keratinophilum D.Frey ex J.W. Carmich. etc.). The outcomes showed that soil microorganisms as well as vascular plants react on destruction of soil cover very sensitively.
Simulating the effects of climate and agricultural management practices on global crop yield

Climate change is expected to significantly impact global food production, and it is important to understand the potential geographic distribution of yield losses and the means to alleviate them. This study presents a new global crop model, PEGASUS 1.0 (Predicting Ecosystem Goods And Services Using Scenarios) that integrates, in addition to climate, the effect of planting dates and cultivar choices, irrigation, and fertilizer application on crop yield for maize, soybean, and spring wheat. PEGASUS combines carbon dynamics for crops with a surface energy and soil water balance model. It also benefits from the recent development of a suite of global data sets and analyses that serve as model inputs or as calibration data. These include data on crop planting and harvesting dates, crop‐specific irrigated areas, a global analysis of yield gaps, and harvested area and yield of major crops. Model results for present‐day climate and farm management compare reasonably well with global data. Simulated planting and harvesting dates are within the range of crop calendar observations in more than 75% of the total crop‐harvested areas. Correlation of simulated and observed crop yields indicates a weighted coefficient of determination, with the weighting based on crop‐harvested area, of 0.81 for maize, 0.66 for soybean, and 0.45 for spring wheat. We found that changes in temperature and precipitation as predicted by global climate models for the 2050s lead to a global yield reduction if planting and harvesting dates remain unchanged. However, adapting planting dates and cultivar choices increases yield in temperate regions and avoids 7–18% of global losses.
El ictioplancton, el mesozooplancton y la hidrología en el Golfo de Cádiz, Estrecho de Gibraltar y sector Noroeste del Mar de Alborán, en julio de 1994.

The results obtained from 62 stations sampled in the Gulf of Cadiz, Straits of Gibraltar and Alboran Sea (north-west sector) during July 1994 are analysed. The zooplankton sampling was conducted virtually simultaneously with study of temperature, salinity and nutrients. The main hydrological characteristics registered during the survey and their relationship with zooplankton composition and distribution are presented. The different geographical locations and the particular topography and oceanography of the Gulf of Cadiz and the Alboran Sea have clearly affected the spatial distribution and the taxonomic composition of the ichthyoplankton and the holoplankton found on both sides of the Straits of Gibraltar.
Patterns and trends in nitrogen use and nitrogen recovery efficiency in world agriculture

Worldwide increases in nitrogen (N) inputs to croplands have been and will continue to be an important contributor to growing more food. But a substantial portion of N inputs to croplands are not captured in harvested products and leave the field, contributing to air and water pollution. Whether the proportion of N inputs captured in harvest grows, shrinks, or remains unchanged will have important impacts on both food production and N pollution. We created a new global N input database (fertilizer, manure, fixation, deposition, and residues) that enables evaluation of trends in nitrogen use and recovery by country and by crop from the 1960s through 2007. These data show that despite growth in yields and increased N fertilization, differences in efficiency of N use between Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD; http://www.oecd.org) and other countries have persisted over nearly 50 years and exhibit no sign of convergence. The high yield, high nitrogen input systems characteristic of rich countries have released large amounts of reactive N to the environment but have operated with greater efficiency—recovering a greater portion of added N in crops. Aggregate yields in OECD countries are 70% greater than in non‐OECD countries on N input rates just 54% greater. Variation in recovery efficiency between countries suggests that there is scope for improvements through enhanced N delivery and capture in the world's low‐yielding croplands and that increasing efficiency of N use is an important component of meeting food demand in the future.
Importance of plants and microorganisms in the Phytoremediation of brownfield sites

Phytoremediation is an emerging green technology for the restoration of contaminated sites with various organic and inorganic contaminants. However, phytoremediation efficiency is limited by factors such as contaminant concentration, toxicity and bioavailability, plant choice and stress tolerance, and competence of indigenous microorganisms. A number of possible solutions have been proposed to overcome these limitations. The use of tolerant plant candidates, mixed plant communities and bioaugmentation with microbes and/or plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) have been proposed to suppress plant growth inhibition/phytotoxicity and enhance contaminant degradation through the rhizosphere effect but there is need for more research to understand their impact. This research assessed the impact of contaminant stress (diesel fuel, PAH; phenanthrene, fluoranthene and benzo[a]pyrene, and heavy metal) on selected plant species and microbial community structure, contribution of abiotic processes and rhizoremediation to PAH dissipation, and the impact of PGPB on plant growth and PAH dissipation. These objectives were achieved through greenhouse experiments with M. sativa, F. arundinacea and L. perenne on diesel fuel- and PAH-spiked soils. Diesel-fuel treatments had a negative impact on plant biomass yields while the single and mixed PAH treatments had stimulatory and inhibitory effects on plant biomass yields relative to the control.
La investigación pesquera: una reflexión epistemológica

El presente ensayo muestra los cambios que han marcado el devenir de la investigacion pesquera a traves de la historia. Senala los momentos en los que las contribuciones teoricas y metodologicas se convierten en paradigmas que rigen, en su momento, a la investigacion. Este proceso epistemico no es un proceso lineal, sino que registra regresos a los conocimientos primarios e intermedios que permitieron el desarrollo metodologico de la ciencia pesquera, la dinamica de poblaciones y la evaluacion de las poblaciones de organismos de importancia pesquera, pasando de manera significativa a etapas de mayor conocimiento, complejidad e integralidad.
On the life cycle of a stratospheric intrusion and its dispersion into polluted warm conveyor belts

[1] The aircraft-based 2002 Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation experiment intercepted and chemically analyzed pollution plumes transported from Asia to the western United States. The research flight on 10–11 May 2002 detected mixing between polluted and stratospheric air at midtropospheric levels above the California coast. This study uses a Lagrangian domain-filling trajectory technique to illustrate that this event was the result of mixing between two warm conveyor belts (WCB) containing Asian pollution and the remnants of a deep tropopause fold from a downstream midlatitude cyclone (referred to as the stratospheric component of a dry airstream or SCDA). Advection of the trajectory particles shows how the SCDA decayed over 7.5 days. One component dispersed into a downstream WCB, while another component descended into the lower troposphere and became entrained by an upwind WCB. After 7.5 days of transport 22% of the SCDA mass was transported into the troposphere. The portions of the SCDA that penetrated to the lowest altitudes had the greatest likelihood of being transported into the troposphere. For example, over 90% of the SCDA at altitudes below the 600 hPa level was transported to the troposphere, but none of the mass at the 200 hPa level was exchanged. More than half of the exchange occurred during the first 48 hours as the deepest portions of the tropopause fold decayed over the Pacific. The rest of the exchange occurred over the following 5.5 days as the remnants of the SCDA sheared apart along the edge of the stratospheric polar vortex and became entrained into subsequent tropopause folds and vortex breakaway features. Stratosphere to troposphere exchange resulted in the transport of 0.5 Tg of stratospheric ozone to the troposphere during the 7.5 day study period. Roughly half of the SCDA particles that entered the troposphere dispersed into the upwind and downwind WCBs.
Trophic positioning and microphytobenthic carbon uptake of biofilm-dwelling meiofauna in a temperate river

To cite this version: Majdi, Nabil and Tackx, Michèle and Buffan-Dubau, Evelyne Trophic positioning and microphytobenthic carbon uptake of biofilm-dwelling meiofauna in a temperate river. (2012) Freshwater Biology, vol. 57 (n° 6). pp. 1180-1190. ISSN 0046-5070 Open Archive Toulouse Archive Ouverte (OATAO) OATAO is an open access repository that collects the work of Toulouse researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible.
Description of Eskers and Kames in Gåshamnöyra and on Bungebreen, South of Hornsund, Vestspitsbergen

As a member of the Polish scientific expedition to Spitsbergen during the summer of 1959, the writer collected some observations on forms which occur in the area in front of Gasbreen and on Bungebreen. Eskers and kames occur here in two different environments. In the vicinity of Gasbreen they are present in areas already left by the retreating ice tongue, whereas the eskers and kames of Bungebreen are spreading in areas which are still ice-covered and are now emerging from the ice as a result of ablation (Fig. I).
Motions in the city : Activity and mobility in a segregated city

Aim The aim of this paper is to, with basis in three residential areas with different spatial and socio-economic characteristics in Malmö (Sweden), increase the insight regarding adolescents‘ geographical/territorial range in connection to physical activity. Moreover, the aim is to map the places used for physical activity and, finally, to discuss the planning of places and spaces for physical activity based on my findings.
Analysing rural tourism motivation factors and ICT adoption with specific reference to Malealea Lodge in Lesotho

Tourism can be classified either as urban tourism or as rural tourism, and it is one of the fastest growing industries globally. Rural tourism is usually associated with rural development because it has strong linkages to rural resources; but it remains underdeveloped compared to urban tourism. This underdevelopment of rural tourism serves as a motivation for this study whose aim is to examine the factors affecting the perceived satisfaction of rural tourists especially in this digital world where Information Communication and Technology (ICTs) is pervasive. In fact, ICT has transformed the travel industry in a remarkable way. The objectives of this study were: I) to select suitable theories that can explain the perceived satisfaction of rural tourists; ii) to design a conceptual model of the factors affecting the perceived satisfaction of rural tourists; iii) to empirically test the planned conceptual model of the perceived satisfaction of rural tourists, and, iv) to recommend measures to be taken for the improvement of the satisfaction levels of rural tourists to the point where they can significantly contribute to the full development of rural tourism. These objectives were achieved using content analysis of existing literature on rural tourism satisfaction and through a survey of tourists from the Malealea Lodge which is located in the Mafeteng District, in the Mountain Kingdom of Lesotho. The results of this study are the following: I) the push and pull motivation theory was selected to explain the perceived satisfaction of rural tourists; ii) rural tourism demographics, their push and pull motivation, and their level of ICT adoption were hypothesized as the factors that affect tourists satisfaction with their rural tourism experiences; iii) the satisfaction of rural tourists with their rural tourism experience is affected by their occupations (demographic factor), by their level of ICT adoption, and by their pull motivation; and this satisfaction is not affected by other demographic attributes nor by the push motivation of rural tourists; iv) it is recommended that rural tourism marketing be increased in order to attract clients from other regions besides Africa and Europe and other age groups apart from young Africans which were found by xiii this study to be the biggest rural tourism clientele group, and that peace and security be maintained in rural tourism destinations as these two attributes were found to have an effect on the perceived satisfaction of rural tourism. Finally, more research should be conducted on the effect of ICT adoption on rural tourism satisfaction.