Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
National survey of helminthiasis in Thailand

Background: Helminth infections continue to pose serious health problems in Thailand. The infections of greatest concern are opisthorchiasis and hookworm. Objectives: We evaluated the prevalence of these infections. The Thai Ministry of Health established a national health plan in 1995 to coordinate health plans for the provincial public health sectors. Methods: A national survey based on probability sampling, interviews, and stool examinations was conducted in 2009 to gather prevalence information of the helminth infections. Results: We found an overall prevalence of helminthiasis among 15,555 Thai people of 18.1%. The highest prevalence was found in the northeastern regions of Thailand. By comparison with previous surveys conducted over the past 5 decades, the prevalence rates have decreased. However, pockets of high infection remain, particularly in the north and northeast of Thailand. Conclusions: Targeted intervention by means of educational programs and public health intervention, and continuing surveillance are indicated.
Unbiased Quantitation of Alveolar Type II to Alveolar Type I Cell Transdifferentiation during Repair after Lung Injury in Mice

Abstract The alveolar epithelium consists of squamous alveolar type (AT) I and cuboidal ATII cells. ATI cells cover 95‐98% of the alveolar surface, thereby playing a critical role in barrier integrity, and are extremely thin, thus permitting efficient gas exchange. During lung injury, ATI cells die, resulting in increased epithelial permeability. ATII cells re‐epithelialize the alveolar surface via proliferation and transdifferentiation into ATI cells. Transdifferentiation is characterized by down‐regulation of ATII cell markers, up‐regulation of ATI cell markers, and cell spreading, resulting in a change in morphology from cuboidal to squamous, thus restoring normal alveolar architecture and function. The mechanisms underlying ATII to ATI cell transdifferentiation have not been well studied in vivo. A prerequisite for mechanistic investigation is a rigorous, unbiased method to quantitate this process. Here, we used SPCCreERT2;mTmG mice, in which ATII cells and their progeny express green fluorescent protein (GFP), and applied stereologic techniques to measure transdifferentiation during repair after injury induced by LPS. Transdifferentiation was quantitated as the percent of alveolar surface area covered by ATII‐derived (GFP+) cells expressing ATI, but not ATII, cell markers. Using this methodology, the time course and magnitude of transdifferentiation during repair was determined. We found that ATI cell loss and epithelial permeability occurred by Day 4, and ATII to ATI cell transdifferentiation began by Day 7 and continued until Day 16. Notably, transdifferentiation and barrier restoration are temporally correlated. This methodology can be applied to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying transdifferentiation, ultimately revealing novel therapeutic targets to accelerate repair after lung injury.
Adding Indoximod to Hypofractionated Radiotherapy with Anti-PD-1 Checkpoint Blockade Enhances Early NK and CD8+ T-Cell–Dependent Tumor Activity

Purpose: There is growing interest in combinations of immunogenic radiotherapy (RT) and immune checkpoint blockade, but clinical responses are still limited. Therefore, we tested the triple therapy with an inhibitor of the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase pathway, which like immune checkpoints, downregulates the antitumor immune response. Experimental Design: Triple treatment with hypofractionated RT (hRT) + anti-PD-1 antibody (αPD1) + indoximod was compared with the respective mono- and dual therapies in two syngeneic mouse models. Results: The tumors did not regress following treatment with hRT + αPD1. The αPD1/indoximod combination was not effective at all. In contrast, triple treatment induced rapid, marked tumor regression, even in mice with a large tumor. The effects strongly depended on CD8+ T cells and partly on natural killer (NK) cells. Numbers and functionality of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells and NK cells were increased, particularly early during treatment. However, after 2.5–3 weeks, all large tumors relapsed, which was accompanied by increased apoptosis of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes associated with a non-reprogrammable state of exhaustion, terminal differentiation, and increased activation-induced cell death, which could not be prevented by indoximod in these aggressive tumor models. Some mice with a smaller tumor were cured. Reirradiation during late regression (day 12), but not after relapse, cured almost all mice with a large B16-CD133 tumor, and strongly delayed relapse in the less immunogenic 4T1 model, depending on CD8+ T cells. Conclusions: Our findings may serve as a rationale for the clinical evaluation of this triple-combination therapy in patients with solitary or oligometastatic tumors in the neoadjuvant or the definitive setting.
Urine high sensitive Troponin I measuring in patients with hypertension

High sensitive troponin I (hsTnI) is one of the markers of cardiac damage. Its values increase two to three hours after a heart attack and remain elevated for days. Recent studies have shown that kidneys are the main organ of elimination of troponin from blood. Our previous studies have shown that troponin I is removed and concentrated in the first morning urine. Increased blood pressure is one of the most common comorbidities today. By measuring blood pressure, we can see the current value of the pressure, but we do not know what the values are during the rest of the day. The aim of our research was to determine if there is a difference in the concentration of troponin I in urine among patients suffering from hypertension and among healthy individuals. The study involved 20 participants divided into two groups. In the first group were healthy individuals, while in the second group were individuals with hypertension. The first morning urine was sampled and the hsTnI was measured using a highsensitivity test on the Immuno-enzymatic analyser Abbott Architect i1000SR. Within the normotensive group, the mean value of hsTnI in the first morning urine was 14.95 pg/mL, while in the group of participants with elevated blood pressure, the mean value of hsTnI in the first morning urine was 26.59 pg/mL. The difference between these two groups was statistically significant with p=0.0451 (p<0.05). By measuring hsTnI in urine and determining the difference between healthy and those with hypertension, a new diagnostic test for hypertension monitoring and detection would be obtained.
The "open door" of Oregon's community colleges : enduring mission or fading vision?

approved: Ronald b. Daugherty, Community colleges have long been thought of as the "people's college. " For some thirty years, Oregonians have looked to their 16 community colleges as the less expensive, more accessible route to a college education. Oregon's community colleges have traditionally had the broad mission of providing comprehensive educational opportunities to all adults who can profit from the instruction. This foundation of open access, however, has recently been challenged. Issues in Oregon's social, political, and economic environments the past few years have resulted in substantial financial pressure on the community colleges. This situation has prompted many Oregon community college leaders to make tough operational decisions. Rightsizing strategies encompassing all budget categories have been extensive across the state. In many cases, community college leaders have been able to manage decline successfully, maintaining the institution's broad mission. In other cases, however, leaders have selected strategies in direct conflict with the ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION (Continued)OF DISSERTATION (Continued) stated mission of open access. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the consistency between the rightsizing behavior of Oregon's community college leaders and the community college mission of open educational access. The study employed a Tylerian objective-oriented evaluation methodology as a theoretical framework. In general, this approach compares the consistency between expected behaviors based on stated goals and demonstrated behaviors as measured via survey instrumentation. Frequency and statistical analyses were employed to address specific research questions developed to guide the study. Overall, there were substantial findings supporting the conclusion that Oregon community college leaders, in both past and planned rightsizing behaviors, were acting consistently with the mission of open
An Empirical Study of Graphormer on Large-Scale Molecular Modeling Datasets

This technical note describes the recent updates of Graphormer, including architecture design modifications, and the adaption to 3D molecular dynamics simulation. The"Graphormer-V2"could attain better results on large-scale molecular modeling datasets than the vanilla one, and the performance gain could be consistently obtained on downstream tasks. In addition, we show that with a global receptive field and an adaptive aggregation strategy, Graphormer is more powerful than classic message-passing-based GNNs. Graphormer-V2 achieves much less MAE than the vanilla Graphormer on the PCQM4M quantum chemistry dataset used in KDD Cup 2021, where the latter one won the first place in this competition. In the meanwhile, Graphormer-V2 greatly outperforms the competitors in the recent Open Catalyst Challenge, which is a competition track on NeurIPS 2021 workshop, and aims to model the catalyst-adsorbate reaction system with advanced AI models. All models could be found at \url{https://github.com/Microsoft/Graphormer}.
High-Throughput Screening Platform To Identify Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis with Potential for the Treatment of Malaria

Artemisinin-based combination therapies have been crucial in driving down the global burden of malaria, the world’s largest parasitic killer. However, their efficacy is now threatened by the emergence of resistance in Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. ABSTRACT Artemisinin-based combination therapies have been crucial in driving down the global burden of malaria, the world’s largest parasitic killer. However, their efficacy is now threatened by the emergence of resistance in Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Thus, there is a pressing need to develop new antimalarials with diverse mechanisms of action. One area of Plasmodium metabolism that has recently proven rich in exploitable antimalarial targets is protein synthesis, with a compound targeting elongation factor 2 now in clinical development and inhibitors of several aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in lead optimization. Given the promise of these components of translation as viable drug targets, we rationalized that an assay containing all functional components of translation would be a valuable tool for antimalarial screening and drug discovery. Here, we report the development and validation of an assay platform that enables specific inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum translation (PfIVT) to be identified. The primary assay in this platform monitors the translation of a luciferase reporter in a P. falciparum lysate-based expression system. Hits identified in this primary assay are assessed in a counterscreen assay that enables false positives that directly interfere with the luciferase to be triaged. The remaining hit compounds are then assessed in an equivalent human IVT assay. This platform of assays was used to screen MMV’s Pandemic and Pathogen Box libraries, identifying several selective inhibitors of protein synthesis. We believe this new high-throughput screening platform has the potential to greatly expedite the discovery of antimalarials that act via this highly desirable mechanism of action.
Sports Med 2006; 36 (1): 65-78

65 1. Metabolic Stimulus and Resistance Exercise . 67 1.1 Lactate Production . 67 1.2 Mechanisms for Adaptation . 67 1.3 Acute Lactate Response . 69 1.3. 1 Programme Design . 69 1.3. 2 Sex . 69 1.3. 3 Age . 70 1.3. 4 Weight Training Status (Trained vs Untrained) . 72 1.3. 5 Weight Training Status (Highly Trained vs Untrained) . 72 1.3. 6 Training Status (Weight Trained vs Endurance Trained) . 73 1.3. 7 Nutrition . 73 2. Implications for Strength and Power Development . 74 3. Conclusions . 75 The metabolic response to resistance exercise, in particular lactic acid or Abstract lactate, has a marked influence upon the muscular environment, which may enhance the training stimulus (e.g. motor unit activation, hormones or muscle damage) and thereby contribute to strength and power adaptation. Hypertrophy schemes have resulted in greater lactate responses (%) than neuronal and dynamic power schemes, suggesting possible metabolic-mediated changes in muscle growth. Factors such as age, sex, training experience and nutrition may also influence the lactate responses to resistance exercise and thereafter, muscular adaptation. Although the importance of the mechanical and hormonal stimulus to strength and power adaptation is well recognised, the contribution of the metabolic stimulus is largely unknown. Relatively few studies for example, have examined metabolic change across neuronal and dynamic power schemes, and not withstanding the fact that those mechanisms underpinning muscular adaptation, in relation to the metabolic stimulus, remain highly speculative. Inconsistent findings and methodological limitations within research (e.g. programme design, sampling period, number of samples) make interpretation further difficult. We contend that strength and power research needs to investigate those metabolic mechanisms likely to contribute to weight-training adaptation. Further research is
An alternative ﬂoating element design for skin-friction measurement of turbulent wall ﬂows

Indirect methods to estimate surface shear stress are commonly used to characterise rough-wall boundary layer ﬂows. The uncertainty is typically large and often insufﬁcient to carry out quantitative analysis, especially for surface roughness where established scaling and similarity laws may not hold. It is, thus, preferable to rely instead on independent measurement techniques to accurately measure skin friction. The ﬂoating element was one of the ﬁrst to be introduced, and still is the most popular for its features. Although its fundamental principle has remained unchanged, different arrangements have been suggested to overcome its inherent limitations. In this paper, we review some of these designs and further present an alternative that is able to correct for extraneous loads into the drag measurement. Its architecture is based on the parallel-shift linkage, and it features custom built force transducers and a data acquisition system designed to achieve high signal-to-noise ratios. The smooth-wall boundary layer ﬂow is used as a benchmark to assess the accuracy of this balance. Values of skin-friction coefﬁcient show an agreement with hot-wire anemometry to within 2% for Re θ = 4 × 10 3 up to 10 4 . A rough surface of staggered distributed cubes with large relative height, δ / h (cid:39) 10, is also investigated. Results indicate the ﬂow reaches the fully rough regime, at the measurement location, for the entire range of Reynolds number. Furthermore, the values of skin friction agree with existing estimations from alternative methods.
Nonparametric Resampling for Homogeneous Strong Mixing Random Fields

Kunsch (1989, Ann. Statist.17 1217-1241) and Liu ane Singh (1992, in Exploring Limits of Bootstrap (R. Le Page and L. Billard, Eds.), pp. 225-248, Wiley, New York) have recently introduced a block resampling method that is successful in deriving consistent bootstrap estimates of distribution and variance for the sample mean of a strong mixing sequence. Ra? s and Moore (1990, in Interface ? 90) and Ra? s (1992, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Montreal) extended the results of Kunsch and Liu and Singh in the case of the sample mean of a homogeneous strong mixing random field in two dimensions (n = 2). In this paper, the general case (n ? Z+) is considered, and a resampling technique for strong mixing random fields is formulated, which is an extension of the "blocks of blocks" resampling scheme for sequences in Politis and Romano (1992, Ann. Statist.20 (4) 1985-2007). The "blocks of blocks" method can be used to construct asymptotically correct confidence intervals for parameters of the whole (infinite-dimensional) joint distribution of the random field, for example, the spectral density at a point. A variation of the "blocks of blocks" resampling scheme that involves "wrapping" the data around on a torus will also be studied, in view of its property to yield an unbiased bootstrap distribution.
Cognitive Accident Prediction in Driving Scenes: A Multimodality Benchmark

Traffic accident prediction in driving videos aims to provide an early warning of the accident occurrence, and supports the decision making of safe driving systems. Previous works usually concentrate on the spatial-temporal correlation of object-level context, while they do not fit the inherent long-tailed data distribution well and are vulnerable to severe environmental change. In this work, we propose a Cognitive Accident Prediction (CAP) method that explicitly leverages human-inspired cognition of text description on the visual observation and the driver attention to facilitate model training. In particular, the text description provides a dense semantic description guidance for the primary context of the traffic scene, while the driver attention provides a traction to focus on the critical region closely correlating with safe driving. CAP is formulated by an attentive text-to-vision shift fusion module, an attentive scene context transfer module, and the driver attention guided accident prediction module. We leverage the attention mechanism in these modules to explore the core semantic cues for accident prediction. In order to train CAP, we extend an existing self-collected DADA-2000 dataset (with annotated driver attention for each frame) with further factual text descriptions for the visual observations before the accidents. Besides, we construct a new large-scale benchmark consisting of 11,727 in-the-wild accident videos with over 2.19 million frames (named as CAP-DATA) together with labeled fact-effect-reason-introspection description and temporal accident frame label. Based on extensive experiments, the superiority of CAP is validated compared with state-of-the-art approaches. The code, CAP-DATA, and all results will be released in \url{https://github.com/JWFanggit/LOTVS-CAP}.
Robust flat bands in twisted trilayer graphene quasicrystals

Moir\'e structures formed by twisting three layers of graphene with two independent twist angles present an ideal platform for studying correlated quantum phenomena, as an infinite set of angle pairs is predicted to exhibit flat bands. Moreover, the two mutually incommensurate moir\'e patterns among the twisted trilayer graphene (TTG) can form highly tunable moir\'e quasicrystals. This enables us to extend correlated physics in periodic moir\'e crystals to quasiperiodic systems. However, direct local characterization of the structure of the moir\'e quasicrystals and of the resulting flat bands are still lacking, which is crucial to fundamental understanding and control of the correlated moir\'e physics. Here, we demonstrate the existence of flat bands in a series of TTGs with various twist angle pairs and show that the TTGs with different magic angle pairs are strikingly dissimilar in their atomic and electronic structures. The lattice relaxation and the interference between moir\'e patterns are highly dependent on the twist angles. Our direct spatial mappings, supported by theoretical calculations, reveal that the localization of the flat bands exhibits distinct symmetries in different regions of the moir\'e quasicrystals.
Translational control of protein synthesis.

TRANSCRIPTIONAL CONTROL . 40 REGULATION OF mRNA TRANSLATION AT THE INITIATION STEP 41 INITIATION OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS . 41 TRANSLATIONAL CONTROL OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS . 43 MODEL FOR PROTEIN SYNTHESIS . 44 SPECIFICITY IN TRANSLATION OF BACTERIAL mRNA . 1 46 SEQUENCES ON mRNA-SPECIFYING CHAIN INITIATION 47 TRANSLATIONAL CONTROL IN THE RNA BACTERIOPHAGES . 49 TRANSLATION OF POLYGENIC mRNAs . 50 VIRUS-MEDIATED PERTURBATIONS OF THE BACTERIAL TRANSLATION APPARATUS 5 1 MESSENGER RNA IN EUKARYOTIC CELLS . 53 MODIFICATIONS AT THE ENDS OF EUKARYOTIC mRNA . 5 5 REGULATION O F THE OVERALL RATE O F POLYPEPTIDE CHAIN INITIATION . 56 RELATIVE RATES OF INITIATION OF TRANSLATION OF DIFFERENT EUKARYOTIC mRNAs . 58 SPECIFICITY IN TRANSLATION OF EUKARYOTIC mRNA 58 MESSAGE-S1? ,ECIFIC FACTORS 60 VIRUS-MEDIATED PERTURBATION OF EUKARYOTIC CELL PROTEIN SYNTHESIS . 62 CONCLUSION . 63
Appendix to Orthogonal intercellular signaling for programmed spatial behaviors

B Full model 4 B.1 Derivation from chemical reactions . 4 B.2 Non-dimensionalisation . 6 B.3 Empirical alteration of the ”Hill coefficient” . 7 B.4 Inducible expression of LuxR/LasR . 7 B.5 Parameter inference . 8 B.6 Model-data comparison . 11
Alkali activation-granulation of fluidized bed combustion fly ashes

Biomass, such as wood, binds CO2 as it grows, and is thus considered an environmentally friendly alternative fuel to replace coal. In Finland, biomass is typically co-combusted with peat, and also municipal waste is becoming more common as a fuel for power plants. Wood, peat and wastebased fuels are typically burned in fluidized bed combustion (FBC) boilers. Ash is the inorganic, incombustible residue resulting from combustion. The annual production of biomass and peat ash in Finland is 600 000 tonnes, and this amount is likely to increase in the future, since the use of coal for energy production will be discontinued during the 2020s. Unfortunately, FBC ash is still largely unutilized at the moment and is mainly dumped in landfills. The general aim of this thesis was to generate information which could potentially improve the utilization of FBC ash by alkali activation. The specific objective was to produce geopolymer aggregates by means of a simultaneous alkali activation-granulation process. It was shown that geopolymer aggregates with physical properties comparable to commercial lightweight expanded clay aggregates (LECAs) can be produced from FBC fly ash containing heavy metals. Although the ashes were largely unreactive and no new crystalline phases were formed by alkali activation, a new amorphous phase was observed in the XRD patterns, possibly representing micron-sized calcium aluminate silicate hydrate-type gels. The heavy metal immobilization efficiency of alkali activation varied with the type of fly ash. Good stabilization was generally obtained for cationic metals such as Ba, Pb and Zn, but in common with the results obtained with alkali activation of coal fly ash, anionic metals became leachable after alkali activation. The efficiency of immobilization depended on the physical and chemical properties of the fly ash and was not related to the total content of the element. All the geopolymer aggregates met the criteria for a lightweight aggregate (LWA) as defined by EN standard 13055-1. Their strength depended on the reactivity and particle size distribution of the fly ash. Mortars and concretes prepared with such geopolymer aggregates had higher mechanical strength, higher dynamic modulus of elasticity and higher density than concrete produced with commercial LECA, while exhibiting similar rheology and workability.