Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A 2.46-4.5GHz Low-Noise Variable-Gain Amplifier Based on Noise-canceling Topology and Gm-boosting Technique in 65-nm CMOS

A wideband (2.46-4.5 GHz) low-noise variable-gain amplifier (LNVGA) using noise-canceling topology and Gm-boosting technique in TSMC 65-nm CMOS is proposed. Based on the noise-cancelling topology, the LNVGA achieves a flat NF of 2.95-3.25 dB within the operating frequency range of 2.46-4.5 GHz. Meanwhile, due to the application of Gm-boosting technique, the disadvantage of higher power consumption of the noise-canceling topology can be alleviated. By controlling the bias voltage of the transistor, the LNVGA can achieve a gain tuning range from −7dB to 20 dB. Under the condition of the highest power gain, the DC power consumption of this circuit is 24 mW with 1.2-V supply voltage. The core area of the circuit is only 0.06 mm2 with only one inductor for the whole circuit.
Likelihood-Based Analysis of Causal Effects of Job-Training Programs Using Principal Stratification

Government-sponsored job-training programs must be subject to evaluation to assess whether their effectiveness justifies their cost to the public. The evaluation usually focuses on employment and total earnings, although the effect on wages is also of interest, because this effect reflects the increase in human capital due to the training program, whereas the effect on total earnings may be simply reflecting the increased likelihood of employment without any effect on wage rates. Estimating the effects of training programs on wages is complicated by the fact that, even in a randomized experiment, wages are “truncated” (or less accurately “censored”) by nonemployment, that is, they are only observed and well-defined for individuals who are employed. In this article, we develop a likelihood-based approach to estimate the wage effect of the US federally-funded Job Corps training program using “Principal Stratification”. Our estimands are formulated in terms of: (1) the effect of the training program on wages for those who would be employed whether they were trained or not, also called the survivor average causal effect (SACE), and the proportion of people in this category; (2) the wages when trained for those who would be employed only when trained, and the proportion of people in this category; (3) the wages when not trained for those who would be employed only when not trained, and the proportion of people in this category; (4) the proportion of people who would be not employed whether trained or not. We conduct likelihood-based analysis using the EM algorithm, and investigate the plausibility of important submodels with scaled log-likelihood ratio statistics. We also conduct a sensitivity analysis with respect to specific parametric assumptions. Our results suggest that all four types of people [(1)–(4) previously] exist, which is impossible under the usual monotonicity assumptions made in traditional econometric evaluation methods.
Management Node Selection Based On Lora Networking

In the process of LoRa ad hoc network, the positions of nodes are random and may change, resulting in changes in the time when each node receives data, and data transmission and communication traffic in the network will also change accordingly. In order to achieve better network management, it is necessary to select a management node to manage the data communication function of the entire network, and further achieve the purpose of improving the networking efficiency of the star-shaped wireless ad hoc network. Therefore, this paper proposes a management node selection method, which determines a management node by calculating the minimum number of hops and the shortest distance (implemented by RSSI) for nodes to achieve network-wide communication. Simulation experiments and data analysis show that this method can effectively improve the efficiency of network management.
Photocatalytic Synthesis of Materials for Regenerative Medicine Using Complex Oxides with β-pyrochlore Structure

Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate onto cod collagen was carried out under visible light irradiation (λ = 400–700 nm) at 20–25 °C using the RbTe1.5W0. 5O6, CsTeMoO6, and RbNbTeO6 complex oxides with β-pyrochlore structure as photocatalysts. The as-prepared materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. It was also found that RbNbTeO6 with β-pyrochlore structure was not able to photocatalyze the reaction. Enzymatic hydrolysis of the obtained graft copolymers proceeds with the formation of peptides with a molecular weight (MW) of about 20 and 10 kDa. In contrast to collagen, which decomposes predominantly to peptides with MW of about 10 kDa, the ratio of fractions with MW of about 10 kDa and 20 kDa differs much less, their changes are symbatic, and the content of polymers with MW of more than 20 kDa is about 70% after 1 h in the case of graft copolymers. The data obtained indicate that synthetic fragments grafted to the collagen macromolecule do not prevent the hydrolysis of the peptide bonds but change the rate of polymer degradation. This is important for creating network matrix scaffolds based on graft copolymers by cross-linking peptides, which are products of enzymatic hydrolysis.
Robust Moth-Inspired Algorithm for Odor Source Localization Using Multimodal Information

Odor-source localization, by which one finds the source of an odor by detecting the odor itself, is an important ability to possess in order to search for leaking gases, explosives, and disaster survivors. Although many animals possess this ability, research on implementing olfaction in robotics is still developing. We developed a novel algorithm that enables a robot to localize an odor source indoors and outdoors by taking inspiration from the adult male silk moth, which we used as the target organism. We measured the female-localization behavior of the silk moth by using a virtual reality (VR) system to obtain the relationship between multiple sensory stimuli and behavior during the localization behavior. The results showed that there were two types of search active and inactive depending on the direction of odor and wind detection. In an active search, the silk moth moved faster as the odor-detection frequency increased, whereas in the inactive search, they always moved slower under all odor-detection frequencies. This phenomenon was constructed as a robust moth-inspired (RMI) algorithm and implemented on a ground-running robot. Experiments on odor-source localization in three environments with different degrees of environmental complexity showed that the RMI algorithm has the best localization performance among conventional moth-inspired algorithms. Analysis of the trajectories showed that the robot could move smoothly through the odor plume even when the environment became more complex. This indicates that switching and modulating behavior based on the direction of odor and wind detection contributes to the adaptability and robustness of odor-source localization.
Design of a Compact Wideband Easy-to-integrate Stripline Directional Coupler

In this paper, a wideband easy-to-integrate stripline directional coupler is proposed. The coupling structures are offset parallel-coupled striplines. Symmetrical multi-section coupled-lines are cascaded to expand the frequency bandwidth. In the design, stripline ports of the directional coupler are transferred to microstrip line ports, making it easy to integrate into microstrip circuits. The coupler has a compact size of $\mathbf{51}\mathbf{mm}\times\mathbf{32}\mathbf{mm}$. The frequency range is 8GHz-23GHz. The proposed coupler was fabricated and tested. According to the test results, within a 96% relative bandwidth, the coupling degree obtains 15 dB, the insertion loss is less than 5 dB and the return loss is better than 10 dB.
Ring Homomorphisms and Finite Gorenstein Dimension

The local structure of homomorphisms of commutative noetherian rings is investigated from the point of view of dualizing complexes. A concept of finite Gorenstein dimension, which substantially weakens the notion of finite flat dimension, is introduced for homomorphisms. It is shown to impose structural constraints, due to a remarkable equivalence of subcategories of the derived category of all modules.
Easy Design of Ultra-Wideband Balun Using Double-Sided Parallel-Strip Lines with Inverted Outputs

A simple ultra-wideband balun operating at 2.1-9.25GHz frequency band is proposed based on double-sided parallel-strip lines (DSPSLs). The proposed DSPSL balun shares the similar synthetical design procedure with conventional power dividers, which makes the design of the ultra-wide impedance band easy. Furthermore, by inverting the output ports of the DSPSLs, the inherent quasi-opposite phase and quasi-balanced amplitude responses are realized for balun applications. Therefore, an ultra-wideband balun with excellent amplitude and phase balance is proposed. Measurements show that the proposed balun has an ultra-wide impedance bandwidth ($\mathrm{S}_{11} < - 10\ \text{dB}$) from 2.1 to 9.25 GHz while the amplitude imbalance and phase imbalance are within 0.5 dB and 6.8° over the operating frequency band, respectively.
Impact of Fin Width on Low-Frequency Noise in AlGaN/GaN FinFETs: Evidence for Bulk Conduction

AlGaN/GaN Fin-shaped field-effect transistors (FinFETs) with nano-sized Fin width (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{W}_{\mathrm {Fin}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) from 20 nm to 230 nm are characterized using low-frequency noise (LFN) measurement. All devices exhibit 1/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f$ </tex-math></inline-formula> noise shape with Hooge mobility fluctuations (HMF) at subthreshold region and carrier number fluctuations (CNF) at accumulation region. However, the lowest normalized drain current noise spectral densities (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S_{Id}/I_{d}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) are obtained in the narrow Fin device (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{W}_{\mathrm {Fin}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> = 20 nm). This is due to significant contribution of bulk channel without the 2-dimensional electron gas density (2DEG) channel and two sidewall metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) channels. It is also noticed that the lowest trap density (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N_{t}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and a large separation in CNF noise model clearly indicate to the volume accumulation effect caused by bulk conduction in narrow device. The Hooge constants (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha _{\mathrm {H}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) extracted by HMF noise model for the narrow device are one-order higher than those of the wide Fin device, which tells that the narrow device suffers from the strong phonon scattering in the bulk channel. From the product of (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S_{Id} \times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> frequency (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f$ </tex-math></inline-formula>)) versus <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{I}_{\mathrm {d}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> curves, the volume accumulation phenomenon is also clearly observed in narrow Fin device.
Millimeter-Wave Dual-Polarized Dielectric Rod Antenna Array with Planar Slot Excitation for 5G Mobile Terminals

A dual-polarized dielectric rod antenna array with planar slot excitation is proposed for 5G millimeter-wave mobile terminals. Unlike dielectric rods excited from metal waveguides, a planar excitation scheme via microstrip-slot coupling is adopted to feed the $\boldsymbol{\pm 45^{\mathrm{o}}}$ polarized four-element array. Hence, only a compact feeding layer is required. The array is then mounted inside a simplified mobile terminal model to emulate the actual working environment. The proposed design is capable of covering the n257 and n261 bands with 16.1 % fractional bandwidth and 20 dB port isolation. The 3 dB beam coverage reaches $\boldsymbol{80^{\circ}}$ and the peak gain is above 12 dBi at 28 GHz.
Efficiency of Double-Barrier Magnetic Tunnel Junction-Based Digital eNVM Array for Neuro-Inspired Computing

This brief deals with the impact of spin-transfer torque magnetic random access memory (STT-MRAM) cell based on double-barrier magnetic tunnel junction (DMTJ) on the performance of a two-layer multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network. The DMTJ-based cell is benchmarked against the conventional single-barrier MTJ (SMTJ) counterpart by means of a comprehensive evaluation carried out through a state-of-the-art device-to-algorithm simulation framework. The benchmark is based on the MNIST handwritten dataset, Verilog-A MTJ compact models developed by our group, and 0.8 V FinFET technology. Our results point out that the use of DMTJ-based STT-MRAM cells to implement digital embedded non-volatile memory (eNVM) synaptic core allows write/read energy and latency improvements of about 53%/61% and 66%/17%, respectively, as compared to the SMTJ-based equivalent design. This is achieved by ensuring a reduced area footprint and a learning accuracy of about 91%. Such results make the DMTJ-based STT-MRAM cell a good eNVM option for neuro-inspired computing.
A Comparative Study between Lycorine and Galantamine Abilities to Interact with AMYLOID β and Reduce In Vitro Neurotoxicity

Galantamine is a natural alkaloid extracted from the Amaryllidaceae plants and is used as the active ingredient of a drug approved for the treatment of the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease. It mainly acts as an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, increasing concentrations of the acetylcholine neurotransmitter. Recent cellular studies have also shown the ability of galantamine to protect SH-SY5Y cell lines against amyloid-β (Aβ)-induced toxicity. Such investigations have supported and validated further in-depth studies for understanding the chemical and molecular features associated with galantamine-protective abilities. In addition to galantamine, other natural alkaloids are known to possess AChE inhibitory activity; among them lycorine has been extensively investigated for its antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antitumoral activities as well. Despite its interesting biological properties, lycorine’s neuroprotective functions against Aβ-induced damages have not been explored so far. In this research study, the ability of galantamine and lycorine to suppress Aβ-induced in vitro neuronal toxicity was evaluated by investigating the chemical interactions of the two alkaloids with Aβ peptide. A multi-technique spectroscopic analysis and cellular cytotoxicity assays were applied to obtain new insights on these molecular associations. The comparison between the behaviors exhibited by the two alkaloids indicates that both compounds possess analogue abilities to interact with the amyloidogenic peptide and protect cells.
A Miniaturized Broadband Dual-Polarized Base Station Antenna

A miniaturized broadband dual-polarized base station antenna with a bandwidth of 3.4-4.0 GHz is introduced in this paper. The proposed antenna is composed of two dipoles, metal columns, feeding structures and a reflector. These two dipoles are etched on the substrate as main radiator. $\Gamma$ -shaped feeding structures are placed between the radiator and the reflect floor. The reflect floor is used to obtain unidirectional radiation. Four metal columns are introduced to extend the current path at the edge of the dipoles, which could reduce the physical size of the antenna effectively. The physical size of the antenna is $\mathbf{24}. \mathbf{67} \mathbf{mm}\times \mathbf{24}. \mathbf{67}\ \mathbf{mm}$. The VSWR is lower than 1.5:1, the isolation is better than -20 dB and the antenna achieves a stable gain of $\mathbf{7}. \mathbf{3}\pm$ 0.1 dB in the working frequency band.
Elastic-Plastic Torsion of Heterogeneous Cylindrical Bars

ABSTRACT We consider the torsion of a cylindrical bar composed of two elastic-plastic materials obeying the Hencky law. We show that, if this problem has a solution, then the stress function ? is the unique solution of the following variational inequalities: Here Σ, Σm and Σf = Σi, are the respective cross sections of the bar, matrix and fibers, and μf, μm, gf, gm, α are positive constants. The case of cavities (replacing fibers) is obtained when μf → 0. We study in detail the elastic solution (K = H01 (Σ)). When the number of fibers or cavities is too high, the direct numerical computation becomes impossible; we describe then the techniques of homogenization: In the case of real fibers, the technique is the standard one; when fibers are replaced by cavities, it is much more tricky.
Some Design Considerations for Multi-Quantum-Well Lasers

This paper addresses itself to two different problems in the design of multi-quantum-well (MQW) lasers: (a) The problem of inter-well coupling by electron tunneling is investigated, and it is shown that the tunneling can be made sufficiently strong to permit efficient electron equilibration between wells, without destroying the advantages of the step-like distribution of states of a single well or of fully decoupled wells. (b) A modification of the quantum well array itself is proposed, in which additional narrower quantum wells are added outside the lasing well array itself. These subsidiary welts contain only a negligible concentration of electrons and hence do not participate in the laser action, but they should improve the quality of the epitaxial growth, and assist in both the electron capture and the optical confinement.
Corticosteroid-Dependent Leukocytosis Masks the Predictive Potential of White Blood Cells for Delayed Cerebral Ischemia and Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Dependency in Aneurysmatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

A multitude of pathological and inflammatory processes determine the clinical course after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). However, our understanding of predictive factors and therapeutic consequences is limited. We evaluated the predictive value of clinically relevant factors readily available in the ICU setting, such as white blood cell (WBC) count and CRP, for two of the leading comorbidities, delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) and ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt dependency in aSAH patients with and without corticosteroid treatment. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 484 aSAH patients admitted to our institution over an eight-year period. Relevant clinical factors affecting the risk of DCI and VP shunt dependency were identified and included in a multivariate logistic regression model. Overall, 233/484 (48.1%) patients were treated with corticosteroids. Intriguingly, predictive factors associated with the occurrence of DCI differed significantly depending on the corticosteroid treatment status (dexamethasone group: Hunt and Hess grade (p = 0.002), endovascular treatment (p = 0.016); no-dexamethasone group: acute hydrocephalus (p = 0.018), peripheral leukocyte count 7 days post SAH (WBC at day 7) (p = 0.009)). Similar disparities were found for VP shunt dependency (dexamethasone group: acute hydrocephalus (p = 0.002); no-dexamethasone group: WBC d7 (p = 0.036), CRP peak within 72 h (p = 0.015)). Our study shows that corticosteroid-induced leukocytosis negates the predictive prognostic potential of systemic inflammatory markers for DCI and VP shunt dependency, which has previously been neglected and should be accounted for in future studies.
The Combination of Untargeted Metabolomics with Response Surface Methodology to Optimize the Functional Potential of Common Duckweed (Lemna minor L.)

The present study was designed to evaluate the functional potential of common duckweed (Lemna minor L.) as a source of bioactive compounds of nutraceutical interest. The untargeted profiling of the bioactive components of common duckweed was carried out through ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS), in parallel with assessing in vitro antioxidant and enzymatic inhibition properties. The optimization of extraction parameters was determined using the response surface methodology (RSM) through a 3-factor central composite design. The process parameters included extraction temperature, % of ethanol, and ultrasound power, while the response variables were the phenolic content (considering each main phenolic class), total glucosinolates, total carotenoids, the antioxidant potential, and enzyme inhibition activities. The results revealed that common duckweed was a rich source of carotenoids and total flavonoids (mainly flavones and flavonols), followed by phenolic acids, low-molecular-weight phenolics, and glucosinolates. Interestingly, the total flavones, total flavonols and total carotenoid equivalents showed the highest and most positive correlation values with the bioactive properties measured. Finally, the combined RSM approach and unsupervised statistics allowed us to point out the pivotal impact of ethanol percentage in the extraction solvent to recover the highest amounts of bioactive compounds efficiently.
An X-band Voltage-Controlled Oscillator Based on SIW Trisection Filter

This paper develops a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) based on an SIW trisection bandpass filter (BPF). A three-cavities filter is proposed to act as a frequency stabilizing element. In addition, a phase shifter is added to the circuit to adjust phase to realize a VCO. In this paper, one transmission zero (TZ) appears near the upper passband of the proposed BPF, which can effectively enhance the phase noise performance. Experimental results indicate that the phase noise of the proposed VCO is greater than $-121.3\ \text{dBc}/\text{Hz}$ at IMHz offset frequency over the whole frequency tuning range of 195 MHz.
Numerical continuation of connecting orbits of maps in MATLAB

We present new or improved methods to continue heteroclinic and homoclinic orbits to fixed points in iterated maps and to compute their fold bifurcation curves, corresponding to the tangency of the invariant manifolds. The proposed methods are applicable to general n-dimensional maps and are implemented in matlab. They are based on the continuation of invariant subspaces (CIS) algorithm, which is presented in a novel way. The systems of defining equations include the Riccati equations appearing in CIS for bases of the generalized stable and unstable eigenspaces. We use the bordering techniques to continue the folds, and provide full algorithmic details on how to treat the Jacobian matrix of the defining system as a sparse matrix in matlab. For a special – but important in applications – case n = 2 we describe the first matlab implementation of known algorithms to grow one-dimensional stable and unstable manifolds of the fixed points of noninvertible maps. The methods are applied to study heteroclinic and homoclinic connections in the generalized Hénon map.