Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Space harmonics in unified electrical-machine theory

The paper deals with the applicability of unified machine theory to electrical machines where space harmonics can not be neglected. It is shown that there exists cases where a linear transformation can de determined to transform the set of time-depended linear differential equations for a machine at constant speed into a set of linear time-invariant differential equations, even if space harmonics are taken into considertation. A criterion for applicability is presented that involves the number of phases, the number of harmonics and the order of the harmonics that have to be considered.
Recoil implantation and ion‐beam‐induced composition changes in alloys and compounds

Recoil implantation of an homogeneous alloy results in distinctly different composition changes after low‐ and high‐fluence ion bombardment. An enrichment is found near the surface in the heavier component at low fluence and in the lighter component at high fluence. In the absence of preferential sputtering, recoil implantation leads to a sputtered flux that is enriched in the heavier component. The estimated net transport of matter by recoil implantation is shown to be consistent with recent experimental observations.
Use of coupled finite element analysis in unsaturated soil problems

This paper presents a variation of Biot's consolidation theory for analysing problems involving unsaturated soils, and implemented using the finite element method. The numerical method is applied to a few geotechnical problems as examples and the results obtained are compared to some published data. The illustrative examples show how the numerical method can be used to analyse seepage and consolidation problems associated with unsaturated soils and demonstrate the flexibility and applicability of the presented method. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Iterative analysis using covariance functions and filters

An earlier review paper of analysis methods for numerical weather prediction showed how many methods could be derived from the same basic analysis equation, expressing the Bayesian probability that any state is the true state. Prior probabilities depend on the error covariance of the background prior estimate, and these covariances figure in most solutions. This paper extends the analysis of iterative solution methods (one of which is known as the ‘Successive Correction’ method). In a simple example the methods are compared with a direct solution: the ‘Optimal Interpolation’ method. It is shown that the iterative methods can be equally ‘optimal’. If the number of iterations is limited, or the background weighting is omitted, then the methods normalizing the increments in observation space are shown to be more reliable than those normalizing in grid-point space. the traditional successive-correction method has a grid-point space normalization. The covariances in these methods perform a filtering function. It is possible to replace them by a filter acting on the analysis increments. Iterative methods using such a filter are derived, and are shown to correspond exactly to the iterative methods using covariance functions. A simple and efficient recursive filter is described and applied to the same example. the analysis using a two-pass filter is almost identical to that using a ‘second-order auto-regressive’ covariance function. A filter with many passes corresponds to a Gaussian-shaped covariance function. Approximate filters can be devised to model the effect of observational-error correlations, with an accuracy adequate in view of the lack of knowledge of the real correlations. With this filter, the iterative methods can be extended to deal effectively with data from remote-sensing instruments. Published iterative methods (many originally empirically derived) are reviewed, and fitted into the optimal theory. Practical applications are discussed.
2.6 μm optically pumped vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser in the CdHgTe system

We present results of a midinfrared vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser operating at 2.63 μm made of CdHgTe alloys. The resonator is constituted of two dielectric YF3/ZnS mirrors deposited after growth and after removal of the substrate. The top mirror reflectivity is increased step by step by deposition of an additional stack period allowing us to study the effect of mirror loss on lasing properties. With a reflectivity of 98.1% lasing is observed up to 190 K. The pulsed threshold power is 1.7 kW/cm2 at 80 K. The characteristic temperature is T0=113 K.
On Noncompact Fractional Order Differential Inclusions with Generalized Boundary Condition and Impulses in a Banach Space

We provide existence results for a fractional differential inclusion with nonlocal conditions and impulses in a reflexive Banach space. We apply a technique based on weak topology to avoid any kind of compactness assumption on the nonlinear term. As an example we consider a problem in population dynamic described by an integro-partial-differential inclusion.
Perception of size modulated vowel sequence : Can we normalize the size of continuously changing vocal tract?

Changes in vocal tract size vary the formant frequencies, even when the shape of vocal tracts is the same and the spoken vowels are categorized to be the same. Several studies have demonstrated that the normalization of vocal tract size can be achieved in a bottom-up manner. To investigate how fast this process works, the identification of vowel sequences was examined under conditions where the size was sinusoidally modulated with several frequencies (0.24–62.50 Hz). The performance level changed slightly, but significantly depending on the modulation frequency, and the dependence was not monotonic. The performance dropped for modulation around 4 Hz. The nonmonotonic function could not be predicted by a simple assumption of usage of a single size-estimator that requires a certain processing time. Mismatches were prominent for high frequencies: a deterioration was predicted because of the limited processing time, while the actual performance showed a recovery. This indicates that a switching of the process mode for modulation occurs at around 4 Hz. Below 4 Hz, the auditory system can successfully normalize the size change. Above 4 Hz, the auditory system segregates the sounds using the size cue and the recognition of each vowel is not critically affected.
Effect of rare-earth oxide on the properties of piezoelectric ceramics

Abstract The influence of rare-earth oxide on the Sr0.02Pb0. 98(Li0.008W0.012Ti0.46Zr0.52)O3 composition is studied. The ion size of rare-earth oxide are between those of Pb2+ and Zr4+, so both A-and B-sites are occupied for the same kind of doping. By the weight change method and lattice parameter variation method, the percent substitution of each kind doping can be calculated. For the lanthanum series, La3+, Nd3+ favor to the production of A-site vacancy, and Er3+ favor to the production of O-site vacancy. The piezoelectric properties of each kind of doping were measured too.
Trace-positive complex polynomials in three unitaries

We consider the quadratic polynomials in three unitary generators, i.e. the elements of the group *-algebra of the free group with generators u2, u3 of the form f = Sigma(3)(j,k=1) alpha(jk)u(j)(*)u(k), alpha(jk) is an element of C We prove that if f is self-adjoint and Tr(f(U-1, U-2, U-3)) >= 0 for arbitrary unitary matrices U-1, U-2, U-3, then f is a sum of hermitian squares. To prove this statement we reduce it to the question whether a certain Tarski sentence is true. Tarski's decidability theorem thus provides an algorithm to answer this question. We use an algorithm due to Lazard and Rouillier for computing the number of real roots of a parametric system of polynomial equations and inequalities implemented in Maple to check that the Tarski sentence is true. As an application, we describe the set of parameters a(1), a(2), a(3), a(4) such that there are unitary operatorsU(1),. , U-4 connected by the linear relation a(1)U(1) + a(2)U(2) + a(3)U(3) + a(4)U(4) = 0.
Einstein-Hermitian connections on polystable principal bundles over a compact Kähler manifold

Given a compact Kahler manifold M and a connected reductive algebraic group G over [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3. org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="01i" /], a prinlcipal G -bundle over M admits an Einstein-Hermitian connection if and only if the principal bundle is polystable. If M is a projective manifold, a Higgs G -bundle over M admits an Einstein-Hermitian connection if and only if the Higgs bundle is polystable.
Large-scale background temperature and mass fluctuations due to scale-invariant primeval perturbations

The large-scale anisotropy of the microwave background and the large-scale fluctuations in the mass distribution are discussed under the assumptions that the universe is dominated by very massive weakly interacting particles and that the primeval density fluctuations were adiabatic with the scale-invariant spectrum proportional wavenumber. This model yields a characteristic mass comparable to that of a large galaxy independent of the particle mass, m/sub x/, if m/sub x/> or approx. =1 keV. The expected background fluctuations are well below present observational limits.
Generation and optimum control of picosecond optical pulses from gain-switched semiconductor lasers

The generation of picosecond pulses from gain-switched semiconductor laser diodes is studied. Theoretically, common-rate equations are used to give pulse width and amplitude as a function of external parameters. The numerical predictions are compared with experimental results. It is found that optimum conditions can be achieved by an appropriate choice of the bias current. >
Influence of Pipe Length on Cavitation Surge Frequency in a Cascade

Cavitation surge is a system instability that occurs in pumping machineries in which the unsteady characteristics depend on system components such as the pipe length. On the other hand, under typical boundary conditions of numerical simulations of internal flow, it is supposed that a uniform flow extends infinitely upstream and downstream from the boundaries. Therefore, a numerical simulation of the influence of the pipe length of fluid machinery cannot be realized just by changing the position of a boundary of the computational region. In the present study, a boundary condition that takes into account the pipe length was used to numerically simulate unsteady cavitation in a three-blade cyclic cascade. The resulting cavitation surge frequency became lower when the upstream pipe length becomes longer, which is consistent with previous findings. Also, the resulting cavitation surge frequency showed good agreement with empirical frequencies of the actual cavitation surge of pumps, although the empirical freq.
On the convergence of evolution processes with time-varying mutations and local interaction

This paper analyzes players’ long-run behavior in an evolutionary model with time-varying mutations under both uniform and local interaction rules. It is shown that a risk-dominant Nash equilibrium in a 2 × 2 coordination game would emerge as the long-run equilibrium if and only if mutation rates do not decrease to zero too fast under both interaction methods. The convergence rates of the dynamic system under both interaction rules are also derived. We find that the dynamic system with local matching may not converge faster than that with uniform matching.
Colliding galaxies and the rapid assembly of clouds into proto-super star clusters

Abstract We present a short summary of several 2D hydrodynamic calculations that suggest that upon the collision of galaxies two physical mechanisms lead to the formation of proto-super star clusters. These are condensation, induced by radiative cooling, and implosion caused by the shocked intercloud medium. Even in the absence of gravity, these lead to storage and compression of the dense cloud component into massive and compact gravitationally unstable condensations. The resulting entities exhibit enhanced surface densities that are several hundred times higher than their initial values. These are here postulated as the cradles of very efficient and rapid star-formation episodes, able to withstand the negative feedback effects associated with star formation, while leading to the formation of massive and compact super star clusters.
Theoretical Analysis of Amorphous-Silicon Field-Effect-Transistors

Static characteristics of amorphous-silicon field-effect transistors have been analyzed under the assumption that the localized state density distribution (LSDD) in amorphous-silicon with respect to energy takes on an exponential or uniform form. In the case of an exponential LSDD, logarithmic drain current ID vs logarithmic gate voltage VG characteristics of the FET for large VG is found to be linear, the slope of which yields the characteristic temperature of the exponential LSDD. While, in the case of a uniform LSDD, log (IDVG)–VG curves for large VG are found to be linear. The experimental data is qualitatively in good agreement with the theoretical results of the exponential LSDD.
Surface segregation of In atoms during molecular beam epitaxy and its influence on the energy levels in InGaAs/GaAs quantum wells

Surface segregation of In atoms during molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and its influence on the energy levels in InGaAs/GaAs quantum wells (QWs) were systematically studied using secondary‐ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) and photoluminescence (PL). Strong dependence of In surface segregation on the growth conditions was found; when the growth temperature was raised from 370 to 520 °C, the segregation length was observed to increase from 0.8 up to 2.9 nm, accompanied by an appreciable peak energy shift in the PL spectra of the InGaAs/GaAs QWs. The correlation between In surface segregation and the energy levels in InGaAs/GaAs QWs was clarified for the first time.
Bayesian Updating and Model Class Selection for Hysteretic Structural Models Using Stochastic Simulation

System identification of structures using their measured earthquake response can play a key role in structural health monitoring, structural control and improving performance-based design. Implementation using data from strong seismic shaking is complicated by the nonlinear hysteretic response of structures. Furthermore, this inverse problem is ill-conditioned; for example, even if some components in the structure show substantial yielding, others will exhibit nearly elastic response, producing no information about their yielding behavior. Classical least-squares or maximum likelihood estimation will not work with a realistic class of hysteretic models because it will be unidentifiable based on the data. It is shown here that Bayesian updating and model class selection provide a powerful and rigorous approach to tackle this problem when implemented using a recently developed stochastic simulation algorithm called Transitional Markov Chain Monte Carlo. The updating and model class selection is performed on a previously-developed class of Masing hysteretic structural models that are relatively simple yet can give realistic responses to seismic loading. The theory for the Masing hysteretic models, and the theory used to perform the updating and model class selection, are presented and discussed. An illustrative example is given that uses simulated dynamic response data and shows the ability of the algorithm to identify hysteretic systems even when the class of models is unidentifiable based on the data.
Hint for axial-vector contact interactions in the data on e + e − → e + e − ( γ ) at center-of-mass energies 192–208 GeV

For the first time the experiments ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 and OPAL have presented preliminary results for fermion-pair production in ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collisions on the full data set above the Z pole. A combined analysis of the Bhabha scattering measurements is performed to search for effects of contact interactions. In the case of two axial-vector $(\mathrm{AA})$ currents the best fit to the data is 2.6 standard deviations away from the standard model expectation, corresponding to an energy scale $\ensuremath{\Lambda}{=10.3}_{\ensuremath{-}1.6}^{+2.8} \mathrm{TeV}$ for contact interactions. For other models no statistically significant deviations are observed, and the data are used to set lower limits at 95% confidence level on the contact interaction scales ranging from 8.2 to 21.3 TeV, depending on the helicity structure.
Multi-scalar analysis of hip implant components using modal decomposition

This paper presents a metrological analysis of hip prosthesis components. When changing ceramic prostheses, the surgeon sometimes finds traces of alloy lying in the insert or the femoral head. These traces can be thin and accurate or as a wide band. From the measurements made on the contact areas of hip prosthesis components, we analyse these phenomena by highlighting the defects of form, waviness and roughness of these surfaces using a novel geometric parameterization (namely modal parameterization). The aim of this work is to isolate these defects to characterize the prostheses components. We show that this parameterization allows a multi-scale analysis of surfaces regardless of the type of wear of the prosthesis, and that the results offer some relevant explanations to the analysis of visible damage on the prostheses. In a later study, we are going to analyse the defects influence on the alteration of the performance of hip prostheses.
STOCHASTIC MODELS OF COMPLEX NETWORKS

Stochastic models of complex networks arise in a wide variety of applications in science and engineering. Specific instances include hightech manufacturing, telecommunications, computer systems, service systems and biochemical reaction networks. There are challenging mathematical problems stemming from the need to analyse and control such networks. This course will describe some general mathematical techniques for modeling stochastic networks, for deriving approximations at various scales (especially deterministic differential equation and diffusion approximations), and for analyzing the behavior of these models. Applications to queueing networks and biochemical reaction networks will be used to illustrate the concepts developed. The mathematical topics covered will include path spaces for stochastic processes, weak convergence of processes, fundamental building block processes and invariance principles, quasireversibility and stationary distributions for Markov processes, and others.
In vitro retinal imaging with full field swept source optical coherence tomography

Weakly scattering tree shrew retina has been imaged in vitro with full field swept source optical coherence tomography, visualising multiple intraretinal layers. The system utilises a 50nm bandwidth Superlum SLD, to acheive ~8μm of axial resolution and 4μm of transversal resolution. Volumetric images of retinal tissue with dimensions of 1248x936x678μm (horizontal by vertical by axial) were recorded in two second (equivalent of 153,600 A-scans per second) with a measured signal to noise ratio of 75dB. From the 5mW of SLD optical power available, 720μW illuminates the sample, giving a power per pixel of 4.6nW, ten times less power per pixel then standard FDOCT systems. After upgrading the camera and redesigning the optical beam path, 82dB of SNR was realised.
Infrared radiation from bending magnet edges in an electron storage ring

The infrared radiation emitted by electrons entering or exiting a storage ring bending magnet, which is termed ‘‘edge’’ radiation, is computed. The numerical results are in agreement with experimental observations at a wavelength of 1 μm. A comparison is made with the infrared synchrotron radiation emitted from the central region of a bending magnet for wavelengths of 1 μm–1000 μm. The flux of the edge radiation is lower than that of the synchrotron radiation for the shorter wavelengths studied, and greater for the longer wavelengths. However, the brightness of the edge radiation is higher for all of the wavelengths studied. This suggests that edge radiation may be a promising infrared radiation source.
LONG-TERM OPTICAL OBSERVATIONS OF TWO LMXBs: UW CrB (=MS 1603+260) AND V1408 Aql (=4U 1957+115)

We present new optical photometry of two low-mass X-ray binary stars, UW CrB (MS 1603+260) and V1408 Aql (4U 1957+115). UW CrB is an eclipsing binary and we refine its eclipse ephemeris and measure an upper limit to the rate of change of its orbital period, (unitless). The light curve of UW CrB shows optical counterparts of type I X-ray bursts. We tabulate the times, orbital phases, and fluences of 33 bursts and show that the optical flux in the bursts comes primarily from the accretion disk, not from the secondary star. The new observations are consistent with a model in which the accretion disk in UW CrB is asymmetric and precesses in the prograde direction with a period of ∼5.5 days. The light curve of V1408 Aql has a low-amplitude modulation at its 9.33 hr orbital period. The modulation remained a nearly pure sine curve in the new data as it was in 1984 and 2008, but its mean amplitude was lower, 18% against 23% in the earlier data. A model in which the orbital modulation is caused by the varying aspect of the heated face of the secondary star continues to give an excellent fit to the light curve. We derive a much improved orbital ephemeris for the system.
Dynamics of Multilayered Composite Plates With Shape Memory Alloy Wires

In this paper certain aspects of the dynamic behavior of a multilayered, composite plate with shape memory alloys (SMA) wires have been investigated. The influence of parameters such as the orientation and location of SMA wires, the orientation and relative volume fraction of reinforcing fibers, the thickness-to-length and length-to-width ratios, and different boundary conditions, on changes in the critical load, the natural frequencies and the modes of vibrations of the plate have all been studied and discussed in the paper. The use of two different techniques, generally known in the literature as the active property tuning and active strain energy tuning methods, has also been investigated. The results presented in this paper have been obtained by the use of the finite element method and a new finite element formulated for multilayered composite plates has been applied for this purpose.
Optimize Fundamental Matrix Estimation Based on RANSAC

Fundamental matrix estimation is a central problem in computer vision and forms the basis of tasks such as stereo imaging and structure from motion, and which is especially difficult since it is often based on correspondences that are spoilt by noise and outliers. The Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC) algorithm is a popular tool for robust estimation, primarily due to its ability to tolerate a tremendous fraction of outliers. In this article, we provide an approach for improve of RANSAC that has the benefit of offering fast and accurate RANSAC, and combine the M-estimation algorithm get the fundamental matrix. Experimental results are given that support the adopted approach and demonstrate the algorithm is a practical technique for fundamental matrix estimation.