Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Green Synthesis of Fe3O4/TiO2 Nanoparticles Using Extracts of Moringa oleifera: Microstructural and Optical Properties

Fe3O4 and Fe3O4/TiO2 magnetic nanoparticles have been successfully prepared using an eco-friendly green synthesis method with various Moringa Oleifera (MO) extract concentrations. The X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy results confirmed that the microstructure of Fe3O4 nanoparticles is a cubic inverse spinel structure with an average particle size of 9.2–11.7 nm and lattice parameters is in the range of 8.14–13.60 Å and the MO did not change the morphological structure of Fe3O4. Fourier-transform infrared showed that the samples had magnetic particles vibration peaks at 632 cm-1 and 570 cm-1, 500–700 cm-1 for Ti-O peaks, and 1047 cm-1 for aromatic C-C indicating green synthesis. Furthermore, the results of UV-VIS data presented the absorption edges of Fe3O4, Fe3O4-MO, and Fe3O4/TiO2-MO were 187.9 nm, 198.7 nm, and 197.1 nm, respectively. The bandgap energy of Fe3O4-MO is in the range of 2.62–2.66 eV and the bandgap energy of Fe3O4/TiO2-MO is 2.76 eV which explains that it depends on the bioactive compounds. Based on these results, the green synthesis nanoparticles have the potential to be applied in the industrial sector, especially for photocatalyst applications.
A Transfected Babesia bovis Parasite Line Expressing eGFP Is Able to Complete the Full Life Cycle of the Parasite in Mammalian and Tick Hosts

Bovine babesiosis is caused by apicomplexan pathogens of the genus Babesia, including B. bovis. This protozoan parasite has a complex life cycle involving dynamic changes to its transcriptome during the transition between the invertebrate and vertebrate hosts. Studying the role of genes upregulated by tick stage parasites has been hindered by the lack of appropriate tools to study parasite gene products in the invertebrate host. Herein, we present tfBbo5480, a transfected B. bovis cell line, constitutively expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) created by a whole gene replacement transfection strategy, that was capable of completing the parasite’s entire life cycle in both the vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. tfBbo5480 was demonstrated to respond to in vitro sexual stage induction and upon acquisition by the female tick vector, Rhipicephalus microplus, the tick specific kinete stage of tfBbo5480 was detected in tick hemolymph. Larvae from tfBbo5480 exposed R. microplus female ticks successfully transmitted the transfected parasite to a naïve calf. The development of the whole gene replacement strategy will permit a deeper understanding of the biology of parasite-host-vector triad interactions and facilitate the evaluation of upregulated genes during the parasite’s journey through the tick vector leading to new intervention strategies for the control of bovine babesiosis.
Do gluten peptides stimulate weight gain in humans?

Abstract Observations from animal and in vitro laboratory research, and anecdotal evidence, have led to the suggestion that gluten consumption stimulates weight gain by the presence of peptides expressing opioid activity. Another proposed mechanism is that gluten peptides decrease resting energy expenditure resulting in a positive energy balance. In order to induce such effects in vivo, intact food peptides must be absorbed in sufficient quantities, remain intact in the blood for sufficient time to have long‐lasting biological activity and bind to receptors involved in appetite, satiety and energy regulation. However, although peptides from food may pass from the intestine into the blood in extremely low quantities, they are generally rapidly degraded by plasma and vasculum‐bound aminopeptidases, resulting in very short half‐lives and loss of bioactivity. At present, gluten peptide sequences that influence regulators of energy metabolism have not been identified. Furthermore, data on the quantitative absorption of gluten peptides in the blood stream, their stability and lasting bioactivity are also lacking. Therefore, there is no evidence for proposed effects on driving appetite by the brain, nor on energy expenditure and weight gain. Furthermore, the level of overweight observed in various countries appears to be independent of the level of wheat consumption, and abundant observational evidence in humans shows that the levels of gluten consumption are neither related to daily calorie intake nor to BMI. This narrative review therefore discusses the proposed effects of gluten on bodyweight (BW) and putative biological mechanisms in the light of the current evidence.
Proximate and Mineral Composition of Aerial Potato (Dioscorea bulbifera Linn) after using Different Fermentation Methods

This study evaluated the nutritional value of aerial yam potato fermented with different methods and other food processing. Aerial potato was subjected to different treatments (peeled, unpeeled, peeled and blanched, unpeeled and blanched, peeled and boiled, unpeeled and boiled) before fermentation with different methods like submerged fermentation and back slope (BS) fermentation. The proximate and mineral compositions were monitored using standard methods. Crude Protein (%) of the peeled aerial potato significantly increased from 4.12 ±0.13 at the initial to 10.11±0.85 at the end of the fermentation while unpeeled aerial potato slightly increased from 3.66a±0.04 at the initial to 4.19±0.03 at the end of the fermentation. Peeled and blanched; unpeeled and blanched as well as the unpeeled and boiled samples had the highest iron (0.143±0.01 ppm), magnesium (6.40±0.02 ppm) and calcium (6.32±0.03 ppm) contents in fermented aerial potato sample. Generally, the different of methods of fermentation employed improved the nutrient contents of fermented aerial potato.
Impact Analysis of Hetero Materials in PN Junction devices

This paper describes the characteristics of PN junction for semiconductor materials like Si, Ge, GaAs, InP. Several PN junction characteristics such as the current voltage, capacitance voltage, electric field, electric potential is being investigated for different values of input voltages and position. The simulation is carried on NANO-HUB device simulation tool. Ge based PN junction has better characteristics compared to other semiconductor materials.
Modelling and processing of flexural wave noise in sea ice

One of the most common problems with seismic data obtained on sea ice is the presence of flexural ice wave noise on the seismic raw data. Flexural wave noise occurs on seismic data acquired on ice in the so-called transition zone between the shoreline and deep sea. As the flexural waves are highly dispersive they are manifested as a broad fan of noise on the seismic data, often having an order of magnitude 40-60 dB higher than reflected signals. In addition, the frequency spectrum of flexural ice waves frequently overlaps with reflected signals, and due the low velocities of flexural waves, spatial aliasing commonly occurs. Thus, flexural waves may be difficult to remove using conventional seismic processing techniques. This study outlines how flexural waves can be modelled and discuss various processing techniques for removing energy related to the flexural waves while preserving the reflected signals as much as possible. Modelling and processing help us to understand how various parameters such as ice temperature and ice thickness affect the flexural wave pattern, which can be important when designing a proper processing work flow. For this study, three primary processing methods have been applied and compared on several datasets: conventional frequency-wave number (f − k) processing, slant-stack (τ − p) processing, and radial trace (RT) transform processing. Modelling reveals that a decrease in ice temperature and/or an increase in ice thickness will increase the phase velocity of the flexural waves whereas the same is true for group velocities at lower frequencies only. Testing of processing work flows indicate that when receivers are densely spaced to better exclude spatial aliasing problems, the best results are obtained with conventional f − k filtering. At larger receiver offsets, however, a combination of τ − p and RT filtering produces the best results on both synthetic and real data. Thus, not one single method will always produce the best result, and different processing approaches may be used depending on the data at hand.
Housing pathways of female-headed households in the informal settlements of Kampala: a qualitative study

Abstract The number of female-headed households migrating into cities is increasing. Female-headed households compete for limited housing options with other households with varying socio-economic capacities. As a result, women have to choose from several housing pathways, utilising available social capital that occasionally covers inadequate financial resources. This may sometimes lead to social conflict and exploitation by landlords and brokers. This article seeks to understand the influence of women’s social capital and networks on pathways that female-headed households pursue in Kampala city. Using a snowball sampling strategy, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and document analysis, the article explores female-headed households’ pathways for housing options. Participants (n = 40) in this study were identified from the Katwe informal settlement of Kampala city. Findings indicate that the strength of social ties generated through; family attachments, friends, and socio-economic involvement influences female-headed household pathways. To a lesser extent, the use of informal brokers also may influence housing pathways. The article calls for specific legislation and guidelines to regulate the informal brokerage practice and professionalise the client-broker relationship. For adequate urban housing planning to ensue, responsible authorities could incorporate into government policy the unique preferences of residential pathways and networks that bond female-headed households together.
A Secure Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Energy Network Based on Trust Management

In order to enhance the ability of wireless sensor networks to resist various security threats and reduce the limitations caused by the characteristics of wireless sensor networks and sensor nodes, this paper proposes a secure routing protocol for wireless sensor networks based on trust management. Combined with the relevant parameters of wireless sensor network, the simulation experiment is carried out with MATLAB. Aiming at the trust management part of the wireless sensor network security protocol proposed in this paper, the malicious attack environment such as sensor node attributes is simulated to verify the resistance of this model to relevant malicious attacks. For the trust management-based wireless sensor network security routing protocol proposed in this paper, the model included in the protocol is compared to the existing security routing model, combining the characteristics of average simulation transmission, network life, and average routing update time. Experiments show that the model has better routing performance and has improved by an average of about 20%. We offer a new solution to solve the problem of wireless routing security.
Preservation of Missouri Transportation Infrastructures: Strain Determination by Fiber Optics (Task V3. Load Tests and Monitoring Sub-Task 3.6)

Structural assessment of bridge P-0962 in MODOT District 8 involved both the sensing network of fiber-optic and electrical resistance strain gauges (ESGs). Sensing arrays were installed on the mid-span of the bridge to determine the performance of the fiber-optic strain sensors for field applications and to provide in situ measurement capability for the strengthened bridge. Extrinsic Fabry-Perot Interferometric (EFPI) strain sensors were used to measure point strain. Dynamic and static load tests were performed as well as finite element analysis. Scenarios are given for the load testing along with data filtering and processing details. The opinions, findings and conclusions expressed in this report are those of the principal investigators. They are not necessarily those of the Missouri Department of Transportation, U.S. Department of Transportation, or the Federal Highway Administration. This report does not constitute a standard, specification or regulation.
Irregular barrier reflected BSDEs driven by a Lévy process

Abstract We consider reflected backward stochastic differential equations driven by Teugels martingales associated with a Lévy process, in which the barrier process is optional with regulated trajectories (i.e., trajectories with left and right finite limits), which is assumed to be right upper semi-continuous. We prove the existence and uniqueness of such equations by using the predictable representations for Lévy processes due to Nualart and Schoutens, and some tools from the general theory of processes such as Mertens decomposition of optional strong supermartingales. We also discuss the case where the barrier is assumed to be completely irregular, and we establish an infinitesimal characterization of the solution in terms of a value process to an extension of the optimal stopping problem.
Stage estimation of Himalayan rivers using passive microwave radiometer and altimeter

ABSTRACT Hydrological variables such as surface water extent and soil moisture are continuously being monitored from satellites with good accuracy. However, orbital measurement of river stage and discharge remains a major challenge even today. Although altimeters provide valuable information on water level variations with a precision of few centimetres, they suffer from poor revisit time and limited gauging sites. Microwave radiometers that provide brightness temperature (BT) can be used to fill the gaps between altimeter passes with a revisit time of 1–2 days, although with limited accuracy. This paper presents an approach for estimation of river stage based on passive microwave radiometer using BT of river/measurement target (M) and upstream calibration target (C). We have used altimeter data from Jason-2/3 and BT data from Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR2) at 36.5 GHz (descending orbit and horizontal polarization) for the period January 2013 to August 2020 to estimate river stage at 12 virtual gauging sites along Indus, Ganga, and Brahmaputra rivers. A new approach for selection of calibration targets is presented in this study which results in higher correlation between altimeter observed river stage and AMSR2 derived C/M ratio when compared to existing methods. Coefficient of determination (R 2) for C/M ratio with water level for the period 2013–2017 ranged from 0.45 to 0.89. Model functions were generated between C/M ratio and altimeter observed water level for all the gauging sites. Estimated water levels were validated against altimeter and ground observed values for the period January 2018–August 2020 with RMSE ranging from 0.35 to 1.45 m, which is 7–15% of total stage variability.
"Comparison of creatinine based glomerular filtration rate estimation equations in voluntary Indian kidney donors: A single centre study"

Aim: In transplantation, accurate donor glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimation is crucial. While various creatinine based equations are in use, none are validated in Indians, thus this study was conducted to judge accuracy of creatinine based GFR estimation equations and urinary creatinine clearance. Methods: A single-centre, observational and retrospective study at a tertiary care hospital. Adult voluntary donors GFR measured (mGFR) by Tc‑99m DTPA were included. Primary outcome was performance of estimated GFR (eGFR) by Cockcroft-Gault's formula corrected for body surface area (CG-BSA), Modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) 4/6 and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI); Secondary outcome was performance of 24 hour urinary creatinine clearance (Cr Cl). Results: 102 kidney donors were analysed with mean age of 45.89 ± 9.98 years and 85.3% females. Mean ± SD mGFR by Tc‑99m DTPA was 82.11 ± 14.32 ml/min/1.73m2. Mean ± SD eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) by CG-BSA was 99.68 ± 23.71, by MDRD-4 was 98.25 ± 28.61, by MDRD-6 was 93.66 ± 19.44 and by CKD-EPI was 111.14 ± 31.61. Lowest bias (2.3), highest precision (16.23) and accuracy (97.1%) was with MDRD-6; 24-hour urinary Cr Cl highly overestimated GFR (158.27 ml/min/1.73 m2) with highest bias, lowest precision and accuracy. Conclusion: Among the equations, MDRD-6 was the most precise and accurate with 24 hour urinary creatinine clearance being the least reliable. This study highlights the need for a correction factor or a new GFR estimation equation and not to consider urinary Cr Cl to assess donor GFR.
Investigation of Gd₂O₃/α-Ga₂O₃/Y₂O₃ Based Moshemt for Drain Current Improvement

In this work the temperature depended characteristic of epitaxial-Gadolinium(III)oxide ($G\mathrm{d}_{2}\mathrm{O}_{3}$)/ $\alpha$-Gallium (III)oxide($\alpha$-Ga2O<inf>3</inf>)/ Yttrium(III)oxide (Y<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>) base AlGaN/GaN Metal Oxide Semiconductor High Electron Mobility Transistor (MOSHEMT) is studied and compared the I<inf>on</inf>/I<inf>off</inf> ratio with the of conventional high electron mobility transistor (HEMT), both grown on 150 mm Si (Ill) substrate. The single crystalline epitaxial Gd<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>/$\alpha$-Ga2O<inf>3</inf>/Y<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> is sandwiched between the gate metal and barrier AlGaN which in turn gives improvement in the gate leakage current for various high temperature. The IoN/IoFF ratio of the transistor was measured as high as $\sim10^{12}$ even at 400 k with the lowest Vth shift with temperature. The Y<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> -MOSHEMT has a high I<inf>on</inf>/I<inf>off</inf> ratio as compared to HEMT and Gd<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> -MOSHEMT at raised temperatures and also a significantly low gate leakage current. Since epitaxial Y<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> based MOSHEMT is suitable candidate for high temperature application
Exploring the Relationship between Trichome and Terpene Chemistry in Chrysanthemum

Chrysanthemum is a popular ornamental plant with a long history of cultivation. Both the leaf and flowerhead of Chrysanthemum are known to produce diverse secondary metabolites, particularly terpenoids. Here we aimed to determine the relationship between terpene chemistry and the trichome traits in Chrysanthemum. In our examination of three cultivars of C. morifilium and three accessions of C. indicum, all plants contained T-shaped trichomes and biseriate peltate glandular trichomes. The biseriate peltate glandular trichome contained two basal cells, two stalk cells, six secondary cells and a subcuticular space, while the non-glandular T-shaped trichome was only composed of stalk cells and elongated cells. Histochemical staining analysis indicated that the biseriate peltate glandular trichome contained terpenoids and lipid oil droplets but not the T-shaped trichome. Next, experiments were performed to determine the relationship between the accumulation and emission of the volatile terpenoids and the density of trichomes on the leaves and flowerheads in all six Chrysanthemum cultivars\accessions. A significant correlation was identified between the monoterpenoid and sesquiterpenoid content and the density of glandular trichomes on the leaves, with the correlation coefficients being 0.88, 0.86 and 0.90, respectively. In contrast, there was no significant correlation between the volatile terpenoid content and the density of T-shaped trichomes on the leaves. In flowerheads, a significant correlation was identified between the emission rate of terpenoids and the number of glandular trichomes on the disc florets, with a correlation coefficient of 0.95. Interestingly, the correlation between the density of glandular trichomes and concentrations of terpenoids was insignificant. In summary, the relationship between trichomes and terpenoid chemistry in Chrysanthemum is clearly established. Such knowledge may be helpful for breeding aromatic Chrysanthemum cultivars by modulating the trichome trait.
Design and Analysis of Meander Slitted Monopole Antenna for Wireless Application

This work proposes and designs a pentagonal-shaped monopole antenna for wireless applications. Circular slot and meander lines are shown to be used in the design to expand the operating bands. By loading parasitic components, impedance matching can be achieved. The parametric analysis is carried out by changing the slot radius and patch width. This method inherently aids in the reduction of electrical length and, as a result, miniaturization. The proposed antenna has a maximum gain of 3.94 dB and operates between 2.3 GHz and 11.3 GHz.
Short communication Major incident response: Collecting ante-mortem data

The Asian tsunami of 26 December 2004, which devastated coastal parts of more than 10 countries in and around the Indian Ocean caused over 200,000 casualties. People from more than 58 nationalities were amongst the victims and subsequently an international effort for disaster victim identification (DVI) was set up, coordinated by Interpol. DVI teams from more than 20 countries took part in the identification process which, because of the complexity of the situation, had to be conducted in an internationally agreed upon procedure. Standard operating protocols of postmortem (PM) procedures were established for fingerprinting, forensic pathology, forensic odontology and DNA profiling and were crucial in the quality of the entire DVI process of the quickly decomposing bodies. Avery important and underestimated part of the DVI process is the gathering of the ante-mortem (AM) data of the persons reported missing in their home countries. In the wake of this tsunami event it appeared to be even more problematic as entire families had died and information was difficult to obtain. As dentistry proved to be the most valuable identification mean ‐ up to 85% of the cases ‐ the AM dental records proved to be crucial elements for DVI. Standard operating protocols (SOP) were again established as to who, where, when and what information had to be collected by the dentistsbytheAMteamsabroad. TranscribingtheAMdentalinformationbyexperiencedforensicodontologistswasanothercrucial elementinthe whole identification procedure as the information had to be loaded into the DVI System International (Plass Data, Holbaek, Denmark) for comparison with incoming PM data. The Interpol DVI Standing Committee thus recommends that forward planning, adequate funding, international cooperation and standardisation are essential to guarantee an effective response to any major mass disaster of this kind in the future. # 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.