Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lagrangian structures and multidimensional consistency

The conventional point of view is that the Lagrangian is a scalar object (or equivalently a volume form), which through the Euler-Lagrange equations provides us with one single equation (i.e., one per component of the dependent variable). Multidimensional consistency is a key integrability property of certain discrete systems; it implies that we are dealing with infinite hierarchies of compatible equations rather than with one single equation. Requiring the property of multidimensional consistency to be reflected also in the Lagrangian formulation of such systems, we arrive naturally at the construction of Lagrangian multiforms, i.e., Lagrangians which are the components of a form and satisfy a closure relation. We demonstrate that the Lagrangians of many important examples fit into this framework: the so-called ABS list of systems on quad graphs, which includes the discrete Korteweg-de Vries equation; the Gel'fand-Dikii hierarchy, which includes the discrete Boussinesq equation; and the bilinear discrete Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation. On the basis of this we propose a new variational principle for integrable systems which brings in the geometry of the space of independent variables, and from this principle we can then derive any equation in the hierarchy. We also extend the notion of Lagrangian forms, and the corresponding new variational principle, to continuous systems, using the example of the generating partial di�erential equation for the Korteweg-de Vries hierarchy.
Immersive Multimodal Environments for Psychomotor Skills Training

Modern immersive multimodal technologies enable the learners to completely get immersed in various learning situations in a way that feels like experiencing an authentic learning environment. These environments also allow the collection of multimodal data, which can be used with artiﬁcial intelligence to further improve the immersion and learning outcomes. The use of artiﬁcial intelligence has been widely explored for the interpretation of multimodal data collected from multiple sensors, thus giving insights to support learners’ performance by providing personalised feedback. In this paper, we present a conceptual approach for creating immersive learning environments, integrated with multi-sensor setup to help learners improve their psychomotor skills in a remote setting.
Ambient Situation and Customer Satisfaction in Restaurant Businesses: A Management Perspective

The current study illustrates the influence of restaurant ambient conditions on customers satisfaction in the tourism and hospitality industries through cluster and simple random techniques. The primary objective was to ascertain the relationship between the restaurant ambient conditions and customer satisfaction in rural restaurants. A closed-ended questionnaires with varying options were designed to collect primary data from randomly selected customers from 11 restaurants from the study settings. Primary data was analysed via the SPSS software based on statistical tools of regression analysis to determine the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. Final outcomes indicated significant relationship between the dependent and independent variables. The restaurant ambient conditions have significant relationship with customer satisfaction. Based on the findings, this study recommends that owner-managers of restaurants in rural areas need to improve the bulk of the ambient situations to attract more customers. This empirical study contributes to existing literature on the tourism and hospitality industry with specific reference to the restaurant businesses.
Comparative Study of Efficacy of 0.5% Ropivacaine and 0.25% Levobupivacaine When Used in Transversus Abdominis Plane Block for Post-Operative Analgesia in Lower Abdominal Surgeries

Background: Transversus abdominis plane block (TAPB) is a regional anaesthesia technique. Analgesia is given following lower abdomen surgery, especially if parietal wall pain is a significant cause of suffering. Local anaesthetic deposition can be used to visually block the skin of the lower abdominal wall and the muscles over the Transversus Abdominis muscle. The goal of the investigation was to determine the efficacy of 0.25 percent Levobupivacaine and 0.5 percent Ropivacaine as analgesics in the Transversus Abdominis Plane Block for Post-Surgical Analgesia after Lower Abdominal Surgery. Material and Methods : 60 patients between the ages of 18 and 60 who underwent elective lower abdominal surgery and had an ASA grade I or II were included in the study. The TAP block was given using a double pop technique with an 18 gauge hypodermic needle. Rescue analgesia was provided postoperatively for a VAS of greater than 4. The drug of choice for treating pain was injection Tramadol. The criteria for rescue analgesia were also examined. Results : Both categories were equal in the demographic information. The diagnosis and the procedures carried out were the same in both courses. The drop in VAS score was equivalent in both classes. (P> 0.05). In the postoperative stage, rescue analgesia was required in both classes. Conclusion : Following lower abdominal surgery, Levobupivacaine and Ropivacaine produce comparable analgesia in the Transversus Abdominis Plane Block for Post-Surgical Analgesia.
Abell 2111: An Optical and Radio Study of the Richest Butcher-Oemler Cluster

We present an in-depth analysis of the Butcher-Oemler cluster A2111, including new optical spectroscopy plus a deep Very Large Array (VLA) radio continuum observation. These are combined with optical imaging from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) to assess the activity and properties of member galaxies. Prior X-ray studies have suggested A2111 to be a head-on cluster merger, a dynamical state that might be connected to the high level of activity inferred from its blue fraction. We are able to directly assess this claim, using our spectroscopic data to identify 95 cluster members among 196 total galaxy spectra. These galaxy velocities do not themselves provide significant evidence for the merger interpretation; however, they are consistent with it provided that the system is viewed near the time of core passage and at a viewing angle ≳30° from the merger axis. The SDSS data allow us to confirm the high blue fraction for A2111, fb = 0.15 ± 0.03 based on photometry alone and fb = 0.23 ± 0.03 using spectroscopic data to remove background galaxies. We are able to detect 175 optical sources from the SDSS in our VLA radio data, of which 35 have redshift information. We use the SDSS photometry to determine photometric redshifts for the remaining 140 radio-optical sources. In total we identify up to 26 cluster radio galaxies, 14 of which have spectroscopic redshifts. The optical spectroscopy and radio data reveal a substantial population of dusty starbursts within the cluster. The high blue fraction and prevalence of star formation are consistent with the hypothesis that dynamically active clusters are associated with more active member galaxies than relaxed clusters.
Decomposition of higher-order nonlinear S-boxes in lightweight block ciphers for algebraic fault analysis

Nowadays, with the development of Internet of Things and information security technologies, lightweight block ciphers are gradually being widely used. As a side-channel attack method, algebraic fault analysis has received attention from experts and scholars since its introduction. The only nonlinear operation in lightweight block ciphers is S box substitution, and the performance index of S box directly determines the security strength of the cipher.In order to further improve the efﬁciency of algebraic fault analysis, this paper proposes a method to rewrite the algebraic equations of S box substitution by decomposing the original cubic S boxes into two quadratic S boxes. The results show that this method is signiﬁcantly effective compared to the original method in GIFT 64 and SKINNY 64, especially in SKINNY 64 block cipher, where the average solving time is reduced by several hundred times in the best case with the same samples. At the same time, the need for the number of faults is reduced, and at least 2 faulty ciphertexts can be used to recover the master key. In addition, the PRESENT 64 block cipher is also studied in this paper, and the results
Effect of Enteral Guanfacine on Dexmedetomidine Use in the ICU

OBJECTIVES: Describe the efficacy and safety of guanfacine for dexmedetomidine weaning in critically ill patients. DESIGN: Retrospective descriptive analysis. SETTING: Six hundred thirteen–bed academic medical center from October 2020 to October 2021. PATIENT/SUBJECTS: All Adult patients on IV dexmedetomidine who received at least one dose of guanfacine for sedation or agitation were included. INTERVENTIONS: Enteral guanfacine. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The primary outcome was discontinuation of dexmedetomidine therapy within 48 hours after guanfacine initiation. Secondary outcomes assessed included adjunctive medication use, rate of dexmedetomidine reinitiation, and safety outcomes. One hundred five patients were included in the analysis. Median age was 59 years old, 66% were male, and median daily dose of guanfacine was 1.5 mg. Dexmedetomidine was discontinued within 48 hours in 58% of patients (n = 61) and within 72 hours in 71% of patients (n = 75). Fifty-five percent of patients (n = 58) required rescue medications for poorly controlled agitation, sedation, or pain while on guanfacine. Dexmedetomidine withdrawal occurred in 2% of patients (n = 2) while on guanfacine. Adverse effects attributed to guanfacine occurred in 8% of patients (n = 8), all experiencing hypotension leading to medication discontinuation. CONCLUSION: Dexmedetomidine was successfully weaned within 48 hours of guanfacine initiation in 58% of patients with minimal withdrawal or adverse effects. Guanfacine may be an effective and safe enteral option for dexmedetomidine weaning in critically ill patients.
FAMILY-CENTRED APPROACHES TO HEALTH CARE INTERVENTIONS IN CHRONIC DISEASES: A REVIEW.

Background: Increasingly there is a focus on self-care strategies for both malignant and non-malignant conditions. Models of self-care interventions have traditionally focussed on the individual and less on the broader context of family and society. In many societies, decision-making and as a consequence health seeking behaviours, involve family members. Objective: To identify elements of effective family-centred self-care interventions that are likely to improve outcomes of individuals living with chronic conditions. Design: Review paper. Review Methods: Quantitative studies targeting patient outcomes through family-centred interventions were retrieved using systematic methods in January, 2015. Search terms used were: “family”, “spouse”, “carer”, “caregiver”, “chronic”, “chronic disease”, “self-care”, self-management”, and “self-efficacy”. Reference lists of related articles were further reviewed for studies. Study appraisal: Risk of bias assessment was performed using the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool. Synthesis methods: Data were reported using a narrative summary approach. Results: Ten studies using quantitative approaches were identified. Improvements were noted in readmission rates, emergency department presentations, and anxiety levels using family-centred interventions compared to controls . Elements of effective interventions used were a family-centred approach, active learning strategy and transitional care with appropriate follow-up. Conclusions: Involving the family in self-care has shown some positive results for patients with chronic conditions. The benefits of family-centred care may be more likely in specific socio-cultural contexts. Limitations: The review has year limits and further research needs to identify support for both the patients and family caregivers.
Variations of the stellar Initial Mass Function in semi-analytic models: Implications for the mass assembly of galaxies in the GAEA model

Abstract A wealth of observations recently challenged the notion of a universal stellar initial mass function (IMF) by showing evidences in favour of a variability of this statistical indicator as a function of galaxy properties. I present predictions from the semi-analytic model gaea (GAlaxy Evolution and Assembly), which features (a) a detailed treatment of chemical enrichment, (b) an improved stellar feedback scheme, and (c) implements theoretical prescriptions for IMF variations. Our variable IMF realizations predict intrinsic stellar masses and mass-to-light ratios larger than those estimated from synthetic photometry assuming a universal IMF. This provides a self-consistent interpretation for the observed mismatch between photometrically inferred stellar masses of local early-type galaxies and those derived by dynamical and spectroscopic studies. At higher redshifts, the assumption of a variable IMF has a deep impact on our ability to reconstruct the evolution of the galaxy stellar mass function and the star formation history of galaxies.
Indicators and Instruments to Assess Components of Disability in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review

The epidemiological demands of aging point to the need for characterizing older adults regarding health and disability. This systematic review aims to summarize the indicators (instruments) identifying different components of disability as a result of aging exposition in community-dwelling older adults, considering the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health framework. Taking the PRISMA 2020 recommendations as a reference, studies with community-dwelling older adults, reporting the development and/or age disability modifications were included. Two reviewers analyzed the observational studies searched in the MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase databases. Of the 137 potentially eligible studies, 49 were included in this review. Several indicators (instruments) demonstrated older adults’ disabilities according to the different domains of the ICF. Objective measures assessed Body Structures, Body Functions, and Environmental Factors and included handgrip strength (dynamometry, n = 8), cognitive function (Mini-Mental State examination, n = 7), gait speed (walk test, n = 6), and endurance (Chair stand-test, n = 4). Self-reported measures assessed Activities and Participation, but not the Body Structures, and included the basic and instrumental activities of daily living (ADL) (the Katz Index of ADL, n = 4 studies, the Lawton and Brody Instrumental ADL, n = 4 studies). The summary of the measures gathered can guide researchers and health professionals to select indicators (instruments) to assess and monitor older adults’ disabilities resulting from aging exposition, to support the development of new wearables, and to provide improvements to the existing ones, allowing the tailored assessment of different health and disability dimensions.
Introduction to Clifford's Geometric Algebra

Geometric algebra was initiated by W.K. Clifford over 130 years ago. It unifies all branches of physics, and has found rich applications in robotics, signal processing, ray tracing, virtual reality, computer vision, vector field processing, tracking, geographic information systems and neural computing. This tutorial explains the basics of geometric algebra, with concrete examples of the plane, of 3D space, of spacetime, and the popular conformal model. Geometric algebras are ideal to represent geometric transformations in the general framework of Clifford groups (also called versor or Lipschitz groups). Geometric (algebra based) calculus allows, e.g., to optimize learning algorithms of Clifford neurons, etc. Keywords: Hypercomplex algebra, hypercomplex analysis, geometry, science, engineering.
Maximum Likelihood Estimation of the Markov Chain Model with Macro Data and the Ecological Inference Model

This CPB Discussion Paper merges two isolated bodies of literature: the Markov chain model with macro data (MacRae, 1977) and the ecological inference model (Robinson, 1950). Both are choice models. They have the same likelihood function and the same regression equation. Decades ago, this likelihood function was computationally demanding. This has led to the use of several approximate methods. Due to the improvement in computer hardware and software since 1977, exact maximum likelihood should now be the preferred estimation method.
Evaluation of the Delivery of a Live Attenuated Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus as a Unit Solid Dose Injectable Vaccine

Solid dose vaccine formulation and delivery systems offer potential advantages over traditional liquid vaccine formulations. In addition to enhanced thermostability, needle-free delivery of unit solid dose injectable (USDI) vaccines offers safe, rapid, and error-free administration, with applicability to both human and animal health. Solid dose formulation technologies can be adapted for delivery of different vaccine formats including live attenuated vaccines, which remain the ‘gold standard’ for many disease targets. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses (PRRSV) cause one of the most economically important diseases affecting the global pig industry. Despite several shortcomings, live attenuated vaccines are widely used to control PRRSV. We optimised a freeze-dried USDI formulation of live attenuated PRRSV-1, which fully retained infectious titre, and evaluated its immunogenicity in comparison to virus delivered in liquid suspension via intramuscular and subcutaneous needle inoculation. Pigs vaccinated with the USDI formulation displayed vaccine viraemia, and PRRSV-specific antibody and T cell responses comparable to animals immunised with the liquid vaccine. The USDI vaccine formulation was stable for at least 6 months when stored refrigerated. These data demonstrate the potential for a solid dose vaccine delivery system as an alternative to conventional needle-syringe delivery of live attenuated PRRSV vaccines.
Taxonomy of DNA Conformations within Complex Nucleoprotein Assemblies(Statistical Physics and Topology of Polymers with Ramifications to Structure and Function of DNA and Proteins)

Here we discuss the paradigms both for modelling complex nucleoprotein assemblies as rational tangles, and the associated enzymatic action as rational subtangle replacement. We harness the correspondence between specific curves on the boundary of a rational tangle and on the boundary of its branched double cover to classify rational tangles of distance d ≥ 2 from a given rational tangle, in turn limiting the underlying DNA geometry.
Machine Learning and Swarm Optimization Algorithm in Temperature Compensation of Pressure Sensors

The main temperature compensation method for MEMS piezoresistive pressure sensors is software compensation, which processes the sensor data using various algorithms to improve the output accuracy. However, there are few algorithms designed for sensors with specific ranges, most of which ignore the operating characteristics of the sensors themselves. In this paper, we propose three temperature compensation methods based on swarm optimization algorithms fused with machine learning for three different ranges of sensors and explore the partitioning ratio of the calibration dataset on Sensor A. The results show that different algorithms are suitable for pressure sensors of different ranges. An optimal compensation effect was achieved on Sensor A when the splitting ratio was 33.3%, where the zero-drift coefficient was 2.88 × 10−7/°C and the sensitivity temperature coefficient was 4.52 × 10−6/°C. The algorithms were compared with other algorithms in the literature to verify their superiority. The optimal segmentation ratio obtained from the experimental investigation is consistent with the sensor operating temperature interval and exhibits a strong innovation.
Predicting radio emission from the newborn hot Jupiter V830 Tau and its host star

Magnetised exoplanets are expected to emit at radio frequencies analogously to the radio auroral emission of Earth and Jupiter. We predict the radio emission from V830 Tau b, the youngest (2 Myr) detected exoplanet to date. We model the host star wind using 3DMHD simulations that take into account its surface magnetism. With this, we constrain the local conditions around V830 Tau b that we use to then compute its radio emission. We estimate average radio flux densities of 6 to 24mJy, depending on the assumed radius of the planet (one or two Rjupiter). These radio fluxes are present peaks that are up to twice the average values. We show here that these fluxes are weakly dependent (a factor of 1.8) on the assumed polar planetary magnetic field (10 to 100G), opposed to the maximum frequency of the emission, which ranges from 18 to 240MHz. We also estimate the thermal radio emission from the stellar wind. By comparing our results with VLA and VLBA observations of the system, we constrain the stellar mass-loss rate to be <3e-9 Msun/yr, with likely values between ~1e-12 and 1e-10 Msun/yr. The frequency-dependent extension of the radio-emitting wind is around ~ 3 to 30 Rstar for frequencies in the range of 275 to 50MHz, implying that V830 Tau b, at an orbital distance of 6.1 Rstar, could be embedded in the regions of the host star's wind that are optically thick to radio wavelengths, but not deeply so. Planetary emission can only propagate in the stellar wind plasma if the frequency of the cyclotron emission exceeds the stellar wind plasma frequency. For that, we find that for planetary radio emission to propagate through the host star wind, planetary magnetic field strengths larger than ~1.3 to 13 G are required. The V830 Tau system is a very interesting system for conducting radio observations from both the perspective of radio emission from the planet as well as from the host star's wind.
A High-Performance and Flexible Architecture for Accelerating SDN on the MPSoC Platform

Software-defined networking has been developing in recent years and the separation of the control plane and the data plane has made networks more flexible. Due to its flexibility, the software method is used to implement the data plane. However, with increasing network speed, the CPU is becoming unable to meet the requirements of high-speed packet processing. FPGAs are usually used as dumb switches to accelerate the data plane, with all intelligence centralized in the remote controller. However, the cost of taking the intelligence out of the switch is the increased latency between the controller and the switch. Therefore, we argue that the control decisions should be made as locally as possible. In this paper, we propose a novel architecture with high performance and flexibility for accelerating SDN based on the MPSoC platform. The control plane is implemented in the on-chip CPU and the data plane is implemented in the FPGA logic. The communication between the two components is performed using Ethernet communication. We design a high-performance TCAM based on distributed RAM. The architecture employs a pipeline design with modules connected via the AXI Stream interface. The designed architecture is flexible enough to support multiple network functions while achieving high performance at 100 Gbps. As far as we know, the architecture is the first proposed in the design of a 100 Gbps system.