Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
VERTICAL CLOUD STRUCTURE IN SATURN'S 1990 EQUATORIAL STORM

Abstract We present a model study of the evolution of the vertical cloud structure and aerosol optical characteristics of the giant storm that erupted in Saturn's atmosphere in September 1990. This analysis is based on the photometric measurements of the reflected intensity of the equatorial region in the optical range (336–890 nm, continuum and methane absorption bands) that were previously published (A. Sanchez-Lavegaet al.1994,Icarus108, 158–168). Different stages of the storm evolution are analyzed: preoutburst, onset and mature (October–November 1990), and evolved (July 1991). Good fits between the observations and radiative transfer calculations are found using a three-layer model (a gas layer, a haze layer and a semiinfinite cloud deck). Two-term Henyey–Greenstein and Mie phase functions are used for the scattering particles. According to the models, the main change during the evolution of the disturbance took place in the altitude of the cloud layer. Cloud tops elevated by 1.2–1.5 scale heights during the onset and mature storm stage relative to the undisturbed atmosphere, descending later during the evolved phase by 0.7 scale heights relative to the altitude of the mature clouds. The altitude location of the haze layer did not change during the storm development but the single scattering albedo of the haze particles increased significantly during the onset and mature stages in the UV–blue wavelengths. If the haze particles are modeled as Mie spheres, their mean radius varied from ∼0.83 to 0.64 μm with real refractive index 1.5 and extreme values of the imaginary index 0.01 (370 nm) and 0.0005 (830 nm).
Demonstration of Quantitative Microwave Imaging Using an Ideal Veselago Lens

Quantitative microwave imaging employing an ideal Veselago lens is demonstrated using synthetic 2D experiments. Reconstructions of the complex-valued dielectric constant of an arbitrary object-of-interest are obtained from noiseless data using a non-iterative technique. A closed-form Veselago lens Green’s function is utilized in the formulation of the problem. The contrast sources corresponding to a single illumination of the object-of-interest is recovered using total-field measurements at several receiver points located in the lens’ focusing region. Collecting the field in the presence of the ideal Veselago lens produces well-conditioned matrices for the discretized inverse source problem. The contrast is then directly obtained by first calculating the total-field within the object. Synthetic examples having features as small as $\lambda /25$ show that the resolution is only limited by the signal-to-noise ratio of data. Experiments with noisy data reveals that the inversion procedure directly mirrors the noise in the data. Two new filtering processes are introduced based on the truncated Singular Value Decomposition of the data operator and the domain operator involved in the inversion process. These successfully deal with noisy reconstructions. Results show that using the new filtering methods, even with a single illuminating source, outperforms the least-squares method with several illuminating sources.
Radial Pulsation of the Cooling White Dwarf in the Decay of Nova Cassiopeiae 1995 (V723 Cas)

The episode of oscillations with the period of 90m was observed on September 19, 1999 in the light decay stage of V723 Cas. This is a slow nova having highly inclined orbit with the period of 0.693265 days. The phenomenon is explained by pulsations in the expanded envelope of white dwarf. The possibility of pulsations was earlier predicted by K. Schenker.
Consistent scalar and tensor perturbation power spectra in single fluid matter bounce with dark energy era

We investigate cosmological scenarios containing one canonical scalar field with an exponential potential in the context of bouncing models, where the bounce happens due to quantum cosmological effects. The only possible bouncing solutions in this scenario (discarding an infinitely fine tuned exception) must have one and only one dark energy phase, either occurring in the contracting era or in the expanding era. Hence,these bounce solutions are necessarily asymmetric. We calculate the spectral indexes and amplitudes of scalar and tensor perturbations numerically, considering the whole history of the model, including the bounce phase itself, without making any approximation or using any matching condition on the perturbations. As the background model is necessarily dust dominated in the far past, the usual adiabatic vacuum initial conditions can be easily imposed in this era. Hence, this is a cosmological model where the presence of dark energy behavior in the Universe does not turn problematic the usual vacuum initial conditions prescription for cosmological perturbation in bouncing models. Scalar and tensor perturbations end up being almost scale invariant, as expected. The background parameters can be adjusted, without fine tunings, to yield the observed amplitude for scalar perturbations, and also for the ratio between tensor and scalar amplitudes, $r = T/S \lesssim 0.1$. The amplification of scalar perturbations over tensor perturbations takes place only around the bounce, due to quantum effects, and it would not occur if General Relativity has remained valid throughout this phase. Hence, this is a bouncing model where a single field induces not only an expanding background dark energy phase, but also produces all observed features of cosmological perturbations of quantum mechanical origin at linear order.
Influence of EDM Parameters on the Appearance of Recast Layer

- Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is one of non-traditional methods employed to produce complicated forms of electrical conductive materials. This process can be applied to materials difficult to machine with traditional methods. Thus, the study and analysis of EDM variables play an important role to improve the yield, and safety of a surface. This research aims at study and analyze influence of pulse current (Ip) (10, 16, 22) Amp, pulse on time (Ton) (50, 100,150) µs and pulse off time (Toff) (25, 50, 75) µs, (keeping other parameters fixed) on a Recast Layer Thickness (RLT) for machining (AISI 1018 mild carbon steel) using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) within “Minitab 17” for designing of experiments. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used. Experiments proved that minimum RLT was 5.2 μm at Ip, Ton and Toff at 10Amp, 50 μs and75 μs, respectively. The results also indicated that RLT increased with the increased (Ip and Ton) and decreased in Toff.
Predictions of the pseudo-complex theory of gravity for EHT observations – I. Observational tests

A modified theory of gravity, avoiding singularities in the standard theory of gravitation, has been developed by Hess & Greiner, known as the pseudo-complex theory of gravitation. The pc-GR theory shows remarkable observational differences with respect to standard GR. The intensity profiles are significantly different between both theories, which is a rare phenomenon in astrophysics. This will allow robust tests of both theories using Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations of the Galactic Center. We also predict the time evolution of orbiting matter. In this paper we summarize the observational tests we have developed to date. The theory is described in the second paper of this series (Hess et al. 2019, referred to as paper II hereafter).
Peierls instability for the Holstein model

We consider the static Holstein model, describing a chain of Fermions interacting with a classical phonon field, when the interaction is weak and the density is a rational number. We show that the energy of the system, as a function of the phonon field, has two stationary points, defined up to a lattice translation, which are local minima in the space of fields periodic with period equal to the inverse of the density.
Imunopatogenesis Karsinoma Hepatoselular

Karsinoma Hepatoselular (KHS) yang diinduksi oleh HBV dan HCV berkembang dalam lingkungan peradangan dan regenerasi yang dihasilkan dari kerusakan hati kronis, menunjukkan bahwa patogenesis KHS dimediasi oleh kekebalan tubuh. Protein yang dikodekan HBV dan HCV mengubah ekspresi gen inang dan fenotipe seluler yang diakui sebagai ciri khas kanker. Perubahan-perubahan ini mendorong proliferasi faktor-independen, resistensi terhadap hambatan pertumbuhan, invasi dan metastasis jaringan, angiogenesis, pemrograman ulang metabolisme energi, dan resistensi terhadap apoptosis dalam menghadapi serangan kekebalan yang persisten dan selama intervensi terapi. Peradangan kronis juga meningkatkan ketidakstabilan genetik dalam sel tumor. Sel T regulator (Tregs) merupakan sel supresor yang dikenal paling baik dan telah dikenal menyupresi imunitas terhadap tumor dalam beberapa penelitian. Sel Treg memproduksi sitokin imunosupresi seperti interleukin 10 (IL-10) yang akan menyupresi sel T CD4 dan CD8 sehingga tumor dapat bertahan tetap ada. Sel Treg berperan utama dalam inhibisi sel T yang spesifik terhadap tumor dalam perkembangan KHS
Leadership at the Extreme: A Longitudinal Study of Transformational Leadership Style and Well-Being in Firefighters

This study sought to examine how operational demands hinder individual well-being in firefighters, and also the extent to which fire chiefs’ transformational leadership style acts as an operational resource to attenuate this relationship. A total of 115 firefighters participated in the study and completed surveys over seven consecutive days. The results suggest that individuals’ well-being trajectories are not influenced by operational demands while individuals’ well-being is enhanced over time by team leaders’ transformational leadership. The implications of these findings are discussed and future research directions are advanced.
The Antioxidant and Anti-Tyrosinase Activities of Carissa carandas Linn. Fruit Extracts and their Applications in Cosmetics

This study aimed to evaluate the biological properties of Carissa carandas Linn. pulp and seed extracts as well as its efficacy in cosmetic application. The extracts of Carissa carandas pulp and seeds were analysed for their phenolic content, antioxidant and tyrosine inhibition activities. Emulgels containing the extract were also formulated and evaluated for safety and efficacy in the improvement on skin conditions. The Carissa carandas seed extract contained a higher amount of phenolic content and exhibited more potential in radical scavenging than Carissa carandas pulp extract. All extracts possessed similar potential in tyrosine inhibition activity. The results indicated that the phenolic compounds of Carissa carandas extracts were attributed to its radical scavenging property (R=0.998). The formulated emulgels with Carissa carandas seed extract were stable under accelerated conditions and regarded as safe based on the irritation test. The efficacy results proved that the Carissa carandas seed extract was effective in improving skin moisture; transepidermal water loss, erythema and elasticity as well as lightening the skin’s color. The results recommend that phenolic compounds of Carissa carandas extract could be utilized in cosmetics as an anti-aging agent.
A Brief Review of Multiple Sclerosis Treatments

MS is a well-known disease and chronic inflammation in the central nervous system is one of the diseases whose etiology, de spite its well-known autoimmune nature, is still debated, although according to recent studies, the role of viruses such as EBV approved. Based on the different phases that are defined for MS and the degree of progression of the disease, a specific protocol and treatment process is defined for the patient. New and safe treatments for autoimmune diseases have been a constant chal -lenge, although side effects, albeit on a small scale and with few reports, are inevitable; In this study, we tried to classify based on how it is used on drugs used in the treatment of this disease, and at the same time the progress and achievement of new cases such as the use of monoclonal antibodies, despite all the progress made. We still do not fully meet the treatment needs of MS based on studies, in other words, in the classification system and review study, in the group of injectable drugs, we reviewed drugs such as Daclizumab, Alemtuzumab, Natalizumab, Copaxone and Mitoxanthron. Oral drugs Fingolimod, Teriflunomide, and Siponimod were also discussed. In addition to discussing MS medication, we reviewed other treatments such as the use of bone marrow stem cells that were previously discussed in preventing bone marrow suppression during severe therapies such as chemotherapy in the treatment of MS.
Pharmacological Management of Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder is a mental pathology that has been known since ancient times and has its origin in the concept of “mania,” a term that comes from the Greek “µανια,” meaning “madness” or “frenzy”. Bipolar II is a history of at least one hypomanic episode plus at least one episode of major depression. Drug treatment for bipolar disorder has three symptom targets such as manic symptoms, mixed episodes, or depression and is usually given in stages. Lithium salts showed great efficacy in the treatment of manic disorder and they did so in a short period of time within several days. Lithium is the drug of choice in treating recurrent bipolar affective disorder (i.e., manic-depressive illness). Lithium was also relatively effective in treating manic manifestations in early dementia.
Time-reversal formalism applied to maximal bipartite entanglement: Theoretical and experimental exploration

Within the context of quantum teleportation, a proposed intuitive model to explain bipartite entanglement describes the scheme as being the same qubit of information evolving along and against the flow of time of an external observer. We investigate the physicality of such a model by applying the time-reversal of the Schrodinger equation in the teleportation context. To do so, we first lay down the theory of time-reversal applied to the circuit model and then show that the outcome of a teleportation-like circuit is consistent with the usual tensor product treatment, thus independent of the physical quantum system used to encode the information. Finally, we demonstrate a proof of principle experiment on a liquid state NMR quantum information processor. The experimental results are consistent with the interpretation that information can be seen as flowing backward in time through entanglement.
Pragmatic Functions of English Borrowings in Chinese

Although the use of English borrowings in Chinese is not uncommon, there are still few studies having explored the pragmatic dimension of these borrowings. Besides, few of the previous studies adopt an onomasiological approach to study borrowings. Thus, this study aims to investigate the pragmatic functions of English borrowings by comparing English borrowings with their native equivalents in line with the onomasiological approach. To this end, the study collects data from Weibo and divides the English borrowings occurring in the hot topics on Weibo into two types based on the existence of native equivalents, namely, catachrestic borrowings and non-catachrestic borrowings. It is revealed in the study that catachrestic borrowings provide a stereotypical interpretation of a concept that has not been lexicalized in Chinese and primarily serve the function of filling lexical gaps while non-catachrestic borrowings can create special pragmatic effects as marked choices in contrast to their native equivalents. While drawing the distinction between catachrestic and non-catachrestic borrowings helps shed light on their different functions, this study argues that the distinction is dynamic and context-dependent as the pragmatic functions of borrowings are conditioned by contexts and susceptible to change. By analyzing borrowings from the pragmatic dimension, this study not only demonstrates the importance of pragmatic functions in people’s adoption of borrowings but also confirms the applicability and effectiveness of an onomasiological approach to borrowing.
The Impact of Star Formation Histories on Stellar Mass Estimation: Implications from the Local Group Dwarf Galaxies

Building on the relatively accurate star formation histories (SFHs) and metallicity evolution of 40 Local Group (LG) dwarf galaxies derived from resolved color–magnitude diagram modeling, we carried out a comprehensive study of the influence of SFHs, metallicity evolution, and dust extinction on the UV-to-near-IR color–mass-to-light ratio (color– (λ)) distributions and M⋆ estimation of local universe galaxies. We find that (1) the LG galaxies follow color– (λ) relations that fall in between the ones calibrated by previous studies; (2) optical color– (λ) relations at higher [M/H] are generally broader and steeper; (3) the SFH “concentration” does not significantly affect the color– (λ) relations; (4) light-weighted ages and metallicities together constrain (λ) with uncertainties ranging from ≲0.1 dex for the near-IR up to 0.2 dex for the optical passbands; (5) metallicity evolution induces significant uncertainties to the optical but not near-IR (λ) at a given and ; (6) the V band is the ideal luminance passband for estimating (λ) from single colors, because the combinations of (V) and optical colors such as B − V and g − r exhibit the weakest systematic dependences on SFHs, metallicities, and dust extinction; and (7) without any prior assumption on SFHs, M⋆ is constrained with biases ≲0.3 dex by the optical-to-near-IR SED fitting. Optical passbands alone constrain M⋆ with biases ≲0.4 dex (or ≲0.6 dex) when dust extinction is fixed (or variable) in SED fitting. SED fitting with monometallic SFH models tends to underestimate M⋆ of real galaxies. M⋆ tends to be overestimated (or underestimated) at the youngest (or oldest) .
Determinants of Tax Non-compliance Intention among SME Owners in Malaysia: The Moderating Effect of Religiosity

The importance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) as the backbone in contributing to national income in Malaysia is undoubted. However, the Inland Revenue Board of Malaysia (IRBM) had reported statistical evidences pertaining to tax non-compliance amon g SMEs’ owners. Despite its importance, their tax non-compliance behaviour has not been given enough attention, particularly on their owners. Therefore, this study empirically investigates the determining factors of SMEs’ owners on their tax non -compliance intention. This study extends the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) model by incorporating the theory of religious commitment in order to determine the relationship between the constructs of TPB and religiosity and tax non-compliance intention as well as to test the moderating effect of religiosity. Employing survey design, questionnaires were randomly distributed to 580 SME owners in Malaysia, with 72.8 percent response rate. The data collected were analysed by using PLS-SEM statistical tool. Findings reveal that attitude towards tax non-compliance and subjective norms positively influence tax non-compliance intention, whereas perceived behavioural control negatively influences tax non-compliance intention. Findings also indicate that the significant positive relationship between attitude towards tax non-compliance with tax non-compliance intention became weaker for highly religious SME owners. Moreover, the significant negative relationship between perceived behavioural control with tax non-compliance intention was stronger for SME owners with higher religiosity. These findings contribute theoretically and practically with imperative implications to academicians, government and tax authorities.
On a Certain Residual Spectrum of Sp8

Abstract Let $G=\text{S}{{\text{p}}_{\text{2n}}}$ be the symplectic group defined over a number field $F$ . Let $\mathbb{A}$ be the ring of adeles. A fundamental problem in the theory of automorphic forms is to decompose the right regular representation of $G\left( \mathbb{A} \right)$ acting on the Hilbert space ${{L}^{2}}\left( G\left( F \right)\backslash G\left( \mathbb{A} \right) \right)$ . Main contributions have been made by Langlands. He described, using his theory of Eisenstein series, an orthogonal decomposition of this space of the form: $L_{dis}^{2}\left( G\left( F \right)\backslash G\left( \mathbb{A} \right) \right)\,=\,{{\oplus }_{\left( M,\,\pi \right)}}L_{dis}^{2}{{\left( G\left( F \right)\backslash G\left( \mathbb{A} \right) \right)}_{\left( M,\,\pi \right)}},\,\text{where}\,\left( M,\,\pi \right)$ is a Levi subgroup with a cuspidal automorphic representation $\pi $ taken modulo conjugacy. (Here we normalize $\pi $ so that the action of the maximal split torus in the center of $G$ at the archimedean places is trivial.) and $L_{\text{dis}}^{2}{{\left( G\left( F \right)\backslash G\left( \mathbb{A} \right) \right)}_{\left( M,\pi \right)}}$ is a space of residues of Eisenstein series associated to $\left( M,\,\pi \right)$ . In this paper, we will completely determine the space $L_{\text{dis}}^{2}{{\left( G\left( F \right)\backslash G\left( \mathbb{A} \right) \right)}_{\left( M,\pi \right)}}$ , when $M\simeq \text{G}{{\text{L}}_{2}}\times \text{G}{{\text{L}}_{2}}$ . This is the first result on the residual spectrum for non-maximal, non-Borel parabolic subgroups, other than $\text{G}{{\text{L}}_{n}}$ .
Magnetization profiles and NMR spectra of doped Haldane chains at finite temperatures

Open segments of $S=1$ antiferromagnetic spin chains are studied at finite temperatures and fields using continuous time quantum Monte Carlo techniques. By calculating the resulting magnetization profiles for a large range of chain lengths with fixed field and temperature we reconstruct the experimentally measured NMR spectrum of impurity doped ${\mathrm{Y}}_{2}{\mathrm{BaNi}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Mg}}_{x}{\mathrm{O}}_{5}. $ For temperatures above the gap the calculated NMR spectra are in excellent agreement with the experimental results, confirming the existence of $S=1/2$ excitations at the end of open $S=1$ chain segments. At temperatures below the gap, neglecting interchain couplings, we still find well defined peaks in the calculated NMR spectra corresponding to the $S=1/2$ chain end excitations. At low temperatures, interchain couplings could become important, resulting in a more complicated phase.
Identifying Inrush Current for Large-Scale Wind Parks Transformers Based on Difference Function of Differential Current

Traditional second harmonic restraint method used in large-scale wind parks (WPs) transformers of may lead to incorrect action of relay protection. Regarding the above issues, a method for identifying inrush current of WP transformer based on difference function of differential current is proposed. First, currents on both sides of transformer are collected and differential current is used to construct a first-order difference function and a second-order difference function. In order to eliminate influence of attenuated direct current component, a criterion is formed by taking the second-order difference function as abscissa and the first-order difference function as ordinate. The principle is that on the plane composed of differential current signal and its difference function, the distance between any two adjacent points does not change much when inrush current does not occur, but changes significantly when inrush current occurs. According to the feature, identification criteria of inrush current is constructed. A system model is established by electromagnetic transient tool and results show that the proposed method can accurately and sensitively identify internal faults and inrush current, regardless of fault locations and fault types.