Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Heuristical Research on Twelve Decades of Information and Knowledge Creation Utilizing Python and NLP

Publications on knowledge and information creation have grown significantly due to their importance in information and knowledge management. This study aims to discover and analyze the hidden thematic topics of information and knowledge creation publications. The research applied was performed using text mining techniques and an analytical approach. The research population comprises publications on knowledge and information creation from 1900 to 2021, retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC). The data were analyzed by Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) algorithm and Python Programming Language. Forty-eight thousand two hundred sixty-five documents were retrieved and analyzed. "Data production," "Health seeking behavior," "Human Brain and Information processing," "Decision-making models," "Knowledge production," "Information needs," and "Digital Literacy" are among the essential topics in order of publication rate. The results indicated that the spectrum of the fourteen topics covered a variety of dimensions, including "data and knowledge creation," "information processing," "information needs and behavior," "digital literacy," and "critical thinking. " The study's findings have shown the conceptual relationships between textual data and the presentation of the knowledge structure of information and knowledge creation. Based on this, it can be concluded that the creation of knowledge and information includes human mental and behavioral processes concerning knowledge.
Static and Dynamic Functional Connectivity analysis in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a lifelong heterogeneous developmental disorder that is characterized by abnormal development of the brain. Deficits in social skills, incapability to articulate language, abnormal sensory-motor movements, and stereotyped behaviors are mainly observed in children with ASD. The underlying biological markers for the diagnosis and treatment of ASD are not known yet. The current behavior-based diagnosis of ASD is arduous and requires expertise. It has been demonstrated that the non-invasive method such as resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) provides a means to examine functional connectivity patterns in the brain, which can help diagnose various neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders, including ASD. Most previous studies associated ASD with atypical functional connectivity (FC) between different pairs of regions. However, brain connectivity is dynamic and varies extensively among brain states. In this thesis, we explored both static and dynamic functional connectivity based features to understand the fundamental group differences between ASD patients and typically developing (TD) subjects. Firstly, we proposed a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) based classification model with autoencoder pretraining for classifying ASD from TD based on static functional connectivity (sFNC) extracted from rs-fMRI scans of the ABIDE-1 (a publicly available dataset from Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange consortium). Our model achieves new state-of-the-art performance on the ABIDE-1 dataset with a 10fold cross-validation accuracy of 74.82%. Further, we use the Integrated Gradients (IG) and DeepLIFT techniques to identify the correlations between brain regions that contribute most to the classification task. Our analysis identifies the following regions associated with ASD: Left Lingual Gyrus, Right Insula, Right Cuneus, Right Middle Frontal Gyrus, and Left Superior Temporal Gyrus. Interestingly, these regions in the brain are primarily responsible for social cognition, language, attention, decisionmaking, and visual processing, which are known to be altered in ASD. Secondly, we investigated the dynamic functional connectivity (dFNC) between 53 independent components among 188 ASD and 195 TD subjects sampled from the ABIDE-I consortium. We estimated dFNC using sliding window-based approaches and identified four distinct dynamic states through hard-clustering analysis. Hyper-connectivity within the cognitive control domain, between cognitive control and default mode network have been identified among ASD subjects. Hyper-connectivity within the default mode network has been found among TD individuals. Further, we estimated the dynamic temporal properties such as fractional time spent, mean dwell time per state and observed significant differences between ASD and TD groups. ASD subjects are found to have significantly longer dwell
1 Improved Analysis of Higher Order Random Walks

The proof of the matroid expansion conjecture shows that the techniques developed in higher order random walks provide a completely new approach to analyze mixing times of Markov chains. Unlike previous approaches such as couplings and multicommodity ows, this simplicial complex approach directly bounds the spectral gap of the random walk matrix. It is of great interest to investigate whether this approach can be extended to other problems such as independent sets and graph colorings.
Changes of Hemostatic Variables during Hormone Replacement Therapy

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is accompanied by many changes in the hemostatic system. Because several individual hemostatic variables have been suspected to be reasonable indicators of the hemostatic balance and because this balance is thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of several diseases, careful examination of the changes in this system induced by HRT could be helpful, first to improve HRT and second to improve our understanding of mechanisms of cardiovascular disease.The effects of (several forms of) HRT on individual hemostatic variables are discussed in this article. The pattern that emerges is that HRT stimulates coagulation, inhibits anticoagulation, and stimulates fibrinolysis (partly by inhibition of fibrinolysis). There are, however, few data that give clear insight into the effects of HRT on hemostatic variables. Controlled randomized clinical studies are needed to evaluate further the effects of HRT on the hemostatic system, to understand the interplay between inflammation and coagulation (both pathways being affected by HRT), and to understand how HRT-associated changes are affected by differences in genetic background.
Advanced modelling of soccer balls

Soccer is the most popular ball sport in the world. With an estimated 247 million active players world-wide, the game generates an annual turnover of approximately 200 billion dollars, which is far in excess of corporate leaders such as General Motors. The soccer ball represents the fundamental equipment requirement with ball sales estimated at 40 million units per year. The market is extremely competitive and manufacturers strive for superior product performance to enable commercial advantage. The Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), soccer's world governing body use quasi-static testing to scrutinise ball designs however there is a need for greater understanding of the dynamic performance characteristics of soccer balls. This thesis is directed toward the development of a modelling methodology using finite element (FE) technology supported by a set of dynamic test standards. The modelling activity has been predominantly concerned with two different ball types, the traditional manually stitched ball (MSB) which contains 32 textile reinforced composite panels pressurised by an internal rubber bladder and two new generation ball types (NGB) which incorporate an underlying 12-panel stitched fabric carcass, onto which outer panels are adhered. FE models have been created with homogeneous and isotropic material properties to simulate ball impact behaviour. Experimental measurements of coefficient of restitution, deformation, and contact time, representative of play conditions, were used to validate the models. Each ball model was developed to capture material heterogeneity, which included the valve, stitching seam for the MSB, the influential carcass structure and softer outer panel arrangement within the NGBs. Material anisotropy has been modelled in order to replicate the deformation behaviour of soccer ball s at high speeds. Anisotropy was shown to affect impact characteristics including significant variations in ball oscillations, spin, and ball motion. The validated carcass FE model was subsequently used as a predictive design tool within an optimisation process to reduce the effects of material anisotropy. This has resulted in the development of a ball with more uniform impact characteristics and a set of design guidelines for future sports ball development. Dynamic material test data has been used to define material damping for the description of kinetic energy loss throughout impact. The model combines static and dynamic force hysteresis measurements to accurately represent energy loss characteristics throughout impact. The visco-anisotropic-hyperelastic ball modelling strategy described in this thesis accurately represents the complex deformational behaviour and energy loss characteristics for soccer balls undergoing dynamic impacts. The modelling strategy has also been successfully used in a design optimisation process for the development of soccer balls with more uniform impact characteristics.
Homocysteine and Endothelial Function in Human Studies

The endothelium plays a key role in the pathophysiology of vascular disease. Impaired ﬂow-mediated dilatation (FMD) is a measure of endothelial dysfunction resulting from reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO). Patients with homocystinuria manifest with impaired FMD, but in mild hyperhomocysteinemia, the evidence is conﬂicting. Oral loading with methionine or homocysteine impairs FMD, but it remains unproven that this effect is mediated directly by homocysteine. In addition, there is no clear consensus as to a mechanism by which homocysteine would induce endothelial dysfunction. Folate administration lowers plasma homocysteine and enhances FMD. However, the effect of folate only appears to occur at high doses and with a time course that would indicate that it is acting by a mechanism independent of homocysteine lowering. It is possible that folate, in pharmacological doses, may enhance the NO activity by inﬂuencing NO-tetrahydrobiopterin interactions. These studies provide some insights and raise intriguing questions concerning the relationship between homocysteine, folate, and endothelial function. However, changes in FMD may not translate into vascular endpoints, and the outcomes of clinical intervention trials with different doses of folic acid are awaited with interest.
Odd disjoint trails and totally odd graph immersions

The odd edge-connectivity between two vertices in a graph is the maximum number λo(u, v) of edge-disjoint (u, v)-trails of odd length. In this thesis, we define the perimeter of a vertexset, a natural upper bound for the odd edge-connectivity between some of its constituent pairs. Our central result is an approximate characterization of odd edge-connectivity: λo(u, v) is bounded above and below by constant factors of the usual edge-connectivity λ(u, v) and/or the minimum perimeter among vertex-sets containing u and v. The relationship between odd edge-connectivity and perimeter has many implications, most notably a loose packing–covering duality for odd trails. (In contrast, odd paths do not obey any such duality.) For Eulerian graphs, we obtain a second, independent proof of the packing–covering duality with a significantly better constant factor. Both proofs can be implemented as polynomial-time approximation algorithms for λo(u, v). After observing that perimeter satisfies a submodular inequality, we are able to prove an analogue of the Gomory–Hu Theorem for sets of minimum perimeter and, consequently, to construct an efficient data structure for storing approximate odd edge-connectivities for all vertex pairs in a graph. The last part of the thesis studies more complicated systems of odd trails. A totally odd immersion of a graph H in another graph G is a representation in which vertices in H correspond to vertices in G and edges in H correspond to edge-disjoint odd trails in G. Using our perimeter version of the Gomory–Hu Theorem, we describe the rough structure of graphs with no totally odd immersion of the complete graph Kt. Finally, we suggest a totally odd immersion variant of Hadwiger’s Conjecture and show that it is true for almost all graphs.
Novel and Established Markers of Cobalamin Deficiency: Complementary or Exclusive Diagnostic Strategies

New developments in diagnostic markers and a better understanding of the limitations of traditional diagnostic strategies have allowed diagnosis of earlier stages and atypical forms of cobalamin deﬁciency. Still, there are no generally accepted guidelines for the deﬁnition, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of cobalamin deﬁciency. The new trend toward deﬁning cobalamin deﬁciency purely on the basis of biochemical test outcomes in the absence of overt clinical signs and symptoms could, however, be problematic and may result in overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Use of metabolic markers for the assessment of cobalamin deﬁciency allows the demonstration of tissue deﬁciency, but the establishment of the cause of deﬁciency should also be part of the diagnostic approach. Four groups of diagnostic tests are currently available and these include total cobalamin and cobalamin fractions (such as holo-transcobalamin), tests of gastrointestinal dysfunction, tests of metabolic function, and different gene tests. Among the available tests, only homocysteine, methylmalonic acid, holo-transcobalamin, and possibly methylcitric acid are considered to be useful in clinical practice to add to cobalamin. Gastrointestinal function tests may identify the cause of cobalamin deﬁciency, whereas the diagnostic usefulness of genetic testing needs to be evaluated. This article provides an overview of recent developments and a reappraisal of novel and established diagnostic markers for cobalamin deﬁciency.
Are CMEs capable of producing Moreton waves? A case study: the 2006 December 6 event

Fil: Krause, Gustavo Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Cordoba. Instituto de Estudios Avanzados En Ingenieria y Tecnologia. Universidad Nacional de Cordoba. Facultad de Ciencias exactas Fisicas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Avanzados En Ingenieria y Tecnologia; Argentina
The search for isolated BH candidates based on kinematics of pulsars - their former companions in disrupted binaries

Abstract We propose searching for isolated stellar-mass black hole (BH) candidates based on the fact that more than 50% of radio pulsars have originated in binary systems, where the other component could have evolved into a BH prior to the second supernova event of the system, which caused its disruption. We selected isolated, relatively young radio pulsars with known parallaxes and proper motions and traced their trajectories back to their presumed birth locations. These locations were then analyzed for possible BH candidates based on the available positional, photometric, and spectral data. We present the first results for 2 pulsars, J0139+5814 and J0922+0638. Seven BH candidates were selected for further analysis.
Dynamics of an age‐structured host‐vector model for malaria transmission

In this paper, we propose a host‐vector model for malaria transmission by incorporating infection age in the infected host population and nonlinear incidence for transmission from infectious vectors to susceptible hosts. One novelty of the model is that the recovered hosts only have temporary immunity and another is that successfully recovered infected hosts may become susceptible immediately. Firstly, the existence and local stability of equilibria is studied. Secondly, rigorous mathematical analyses on technical materials and necessary arguments, including asymptotic smoothness and uniform persistence of the system, are given. Thirdly, by applying the fluctuation lemma and the approach of Lyapunov functionals, the threshold dynamics of the model for a special case were established. Roughly speaking, the disease‐free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable when the basic reproduction number is less than one and otherwise the endemic equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable when no reinfection occurs. It is shown that the infection age and nonlinear incidence not only impact on the basic reproduction number but also could affect the values of the endemic steady state. Numerical simulations were performed to support the theoretical results.
Size-dependent effect on thermo-electro-mechanical responses of heated nano-sized piezoelectric plate

ABSTRACT The booming development of nanotechnology motivates the widespread applications of piezoelectric nanomaterials (e.g. ZnO, ZnS, GaN) and their nanostructures (e.g. nanobelts, nanorings nanowires). It is noted that the coupled field analysis of nano-sized piezoelectric structure under non-uniform temperature in-service environment is of great importance for the fabrication and exploitation of nanoelectromechanical devices. In such situation, spatial size effect of heat conduction is necessary to be taken into account due to its important significance in characterizing the nonlocal feature of heat transport in nanosystems. In this study, thermal nonlocal effect is introduced into the thermo-electro-mechanical model based on nonlocal elasticity theory to further shed light on the size-dependent coupling behavior of thermal, electric, and elastic fields. The coupled field equations involving size-dependent parameters are derived. The solutions can be obtained using Laplace transformation methods. Parametric studies are conducted to evaluate the influences of thermal as well as elastic nonlocal parameters on the transient responses. The results indicate that the piezoelectric performance of the nanoplate is greatly improved in the presence of thermal nonlocal effect.
Research on the Intrusion Detection Method Based on Differentiated Cluster Center Offset Measure

In this paper, a kind of local outlier mining method based on differentiated cluster center offset measure is proposed through which the outlier degree of sample can be calculated by use of the normal behavior model constructed by normal data sample and the preset anomaly threshold value, and whether the testing sample belong to intrusion behavior can thus be determined. Furthermore, KDD99 data set is also utilized to test the said method, and the experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper possesses higher detection rate and lower false alarm rate.
Aktuelle Aspekte der HIV-Therapie

Die Therapie der HIV-Infektion hat sich innerhalb der letzten Jahre durch zunehmend effektive pharmakologische Behandlungsmöglichen verbessert. Eine hochaktive antiretrovirale Therapie besteht aus einer Kombination von drei verschiedenen Substanzen und hat zu einer deutlichen Zunahme der Lebenserwartung und der Langzeitprognose geführt. Es stehen aktuell vier verschiedene Substanzklassen mit mehr als 20 HIV-spezifischen Pharmaka zur Verfügung. Wei-tere Präparate aus diesen Gruppen befinden sich derzeit in Zulassungsprozessen und es wurden zusätzliche molekulare HIV-Infektionsmechanismen identifiziert, die in absehbarer Zukunft zur Entwicklung neuer Medikamentenklassen führen können. Multiple pharmakologi-sche Interaktionen, substanzspezifische Nebenwirkungen und prädisponierende Komorbiditä-ten erfordern die Auswahl eines individuellen Therapieschemas, um bestmögliche Langzeiter-gebnisse für jeden einzelnen Patienten zu gewährleisten. Die zunehmend komplexe Behand-lung einer HIV-Infektion sollte möglichst in Kooperation mit einem infektiologischen Zentrum durchgeführt werden.
A nonlinear equivalent circuit model for flux density calculation of a permanent magnet linear synchronous motor

In this paper, a nonlinear magnetic equivalent circuit is presented as an analytical solution method for modeling of a permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM). The accuracy of the proposed model is verified via comparing its simulation results with those obtained by two other methods. These two are the Maxwell’s Equations based analytical method and the wellknown finite elements method (FEM). Saturation and any saliency e.g. slotting effects can be considered properly by both nonlinear magnetic equivalent circuit and FEM, where it cannot be taken into account easily by the Maxwell’s Equations based analytical approach. Accordingly, as the simulation results presented in this paper confirm, the proposed nonlinear magnetic equivalent circuit is compatible with FEM regarding the accuracy while it requires very shorter execution time. Therefore, the magnetic equivalent circuit model of the present paper can be considered as a preferable substitute for the time consuming FEM and approximated analytical method built on Maxwell’s Equations in particular when required to be applied for a design optimization problem.
Spondylitis ankylosans

Abb. 8 █ Endoprothetische Versorgung. a Patient mit Koxarthrose links bei langjähriger Krankheitsanamnese einer Spondylitis ankylosans und Zustand nach Versorgung des rechten Hüftgelenks mit einer Endo-prothese. Beachte die Gelenksdeformität sowie die ausgeprägten zysti-schen Veränderungen im Bereich des (zukünftigen) Pfannenlagers. Nebenbefundlich besteht eine Ankylose der Iliosakralgelenke. b Zustand nach endoprothetischer Versorgung auch des linken Hüftgelenks.
Chronische Migräne und chronischer Spannungskopfschmerz mit und ohne Medikamentenmissbrauch

Chronische Kopfschmerzen umfassen chronische Migräne und chronischen Spannungskopf-schmerz mit und ohne Medikamentenmissbrauch. Der Begriff „chronisch“ wurde durch die In-ternationale Kopfschmerzgesellschaft als eine Kopfschmerzfrequenz von >14 Tagen/Monat de-finiert. Chronische Migräne und chronische Spannungskopfschmerzen, die infolge eines Medi-kamentenmissbrauchs auftreten, werden als „Medikamenteninduzierter Kopfschmerz“ (MIKS, engl. Medication overuse headache) bezeichnet. Typischerweise entwickeln die Patienten mit dem Analgetika-Missbrauch einen MIKS vom Spannungstyp, Patienten mit Triptan-Miss-brauch, dagegen einen täglichen migräneartigen Dauerkopfschmerz oder eine Zunahme der Migräneattackenfrequenz. Methode der Wahl zur Therapie des MIKS ist der Entzug der miss-brauchten Substanzen. Möglichst früh sollte eine medikamentöse Prophylaxe des primären Kopfschmerzes eingeleitet werden. Die Rückfallrate beträgt etwa 30%. Die Prädiktoren für den Rückfall sind Spannungskopfschmerz und Missbrauch der Kombinationsanalgetika oder Opioide. Neben den idiopathischen chronischen Kopfschmerzen müssen symptomatische Ursa-chen ausgeschlossen werden.
Adaptive Pixel Pair Matching: An Innovative Method for Data Embedding

Data hiding is a technique that conceals data into a carrier for conveying secret messages confidentially. This paper proposes a new data-hiding method based on pixel pair matching (PPM). The basic idea of PPM is to use the values of pixel pair as a reference coordinate, and search a coordinate in the neighbourhood set of this pixel pair according to a given message digit. The pixel pair is then replaced by the searched coordinate to conceal the digit. Exploiting modification direction (EMD) and diamond encoding (DE) are two data-hiding methods proposed recently based on PPM. The maximum capacity of EMD is 1.161 bpp and DE extends the payload of EMD by embedding digits in a larger notational system. The proposed method offers lower distortion than DE by providing more compact neighbourhood sets and allowing embedded digits in any notational system. Compared with the optimal pixel adjustment process (OPAP) method, the proposed method always has lower distortion for various payloads. Experimental results reveal that the proposed method not only provides better performance than those of OPAP and DE, but also is secure under the detection of some well-known steganalysis techniques.