Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evidence for hibernation from a statistical analysis of nova eruption amplitudes

This study is based on a sample of 97 well-observed galactic novae. First, a linear relation between eruption amplitude and decay time was determined. The residuals from this relation were analyzed for variations of the luminosities of old novae as a function of the time interval between eruption and observation in quiescence. Between 35 and 10 yr before eruption, a marginal increase in brightness may be present. However, in the last decade, four novae were found in an extremely faint low state. During the first 130 yr after the eruption, galactic novae show a slow decrease in brightness with a slope of 2.1 + or - 0.6 mag per century. The results are interpreted in terms of secular variations of the mass transfer rate as expected from the hibernation model. 20 refs.
Bifurcation topology tuning of a mixed behavior in nonlinear micromechanical resonators

We report the experimental observation of a four-bifurcation-point (or five possible amplitudes for a given frequency) behavior of electrostatically actuated micromechanical resonators, called the mixed (first hardening then softening) behavior. We also demonstrate both analytically and experimentally tuning the bifurcation topology of this behavior via an electrostatic mechanism. An analytical model allows for the qualitative as well as quantitative explanation of the experiments and serves as a simple tool for design of nonlinear micromechanical devices under high drive.
Invariant algebraic surfaces of the Lorenz system

In this paper we provide a complete classification of the Darboux invariants, of the irreducible Darboux polynomials, of the rational first integrals and of the algebraic integrability for the classical Lorenz system ẋ=s(y−x), ẏ=rx−y−xz, z=−bz+xy. In the proofs, we use the weight homogeneous polynomials and the method of characteristic curves for solving linear partial differential equations.
Speechreading sentences I: Development of a sequence comparator

Previous research suggests that many lexical errors in the speechreading of sentences can be explained in terms of visual phonemic errors. However, description and quantification of perceptual errors at the phonemic level requires specification of stimulus‐to‐response alignments. Because speechreading produces numerous errors, including phoneme insertions, deletions, and/or substitutions, alignment is a nontrivial problem. This paper describes development of a sequence comparator that can be used to obtain alignments automatically for phonemically transcribed sentences. The comparator employs a weights matrix that reflects presumed visual distances between all possible segmental stimulus‐response pairs to find the alignment that minimizes overall stimulus‐response distance. Initially, the comparator used weights based on viseme groupings, but these weights resulted in multiple, equal‐distance, alternative alignments. More effective weights were obtained empirically via multidimensional scaling of phonemic confusions. Vowel data were obtained from Montgomery and Jackson [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 73, 2134–2144 (1983)] and consonant data from a nonsense syllable identification task, which employed 22 consonants spoken by the same talkers who produced the sentence stimuli for this study [Bernstein et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 85, 397–405 (1989)]. [Work supported by NIH. ]
Computational modelling of gradient‐enhanced damage in quasi‐brittle materials

To avoid the well-known drawbacks of the classical continuum damage theory when localization occurs, an isotropic gradient-enchanced damage model is proposed in which the loading function not only depends on the damage value, but also on its Laplacian. The initial boundary value problem obtained adopting this model is considered both in statics and in dynamics. In the dynamic context the finite-step problem is formulated according to a Newmark scheme; the constitutive law is integrated by the backward difference rule. An iterative procedure for the finite-step solution is discussed. Finite elements space discretization is carried out in terms of generalized variables on the basis of two variational principles pertinent to the two phases of the iterative process. One- and two-dimensional numerical tests show the regularizing effect of the gradient term and the effectiveness of the proposed discretization technique. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electron mobility in amorphous silicon thin-film transistors under compressive strain

We evaluated amorphous silicon thin-film transistors under uniaxial compressive strain of up to 1%. The on-current and hence the electron linear mobility decrease. The off-current, leakage current, and the threshold voltage do not change. The mobility decreases linearly with applied compressive strain. Upon the application of stress for up to 40 h the mobility drops “instantly” and then remains unchanged. We conclude that compressive strain broadens both the valence and conduction band tails of the a-Si:H channel material, and thus reduces the effective electron mobility.
Particle shape reconstruction by small-angle scattering: Integration of group theory and maximum entropy to multipole expansion method

The reconstruction of the shape of biological macromolecules in solution from small-angle scattering data is an important task for understanding the structure-function relationship. In the last few decades, the multipole expansion method was used to attack this problem. Here we present an improvement of the existing techniques by including the advantages of the group theory and maximum entropy. To show the capability of this method, pseudoexperimental scattering curves have been simulated and analyzed. Six different particle shapes have been considered: sphere, cylinder, cone, double cone, ellipsoid and cube. The results obtained by the proposed procedure gave an excellent agreement between the original and reconstructed shapes. The method is quite general, and can be applied to systems of different kinds.
Galactic winds and the hubble sequence

The conditions for maintenance of supernova-driven galactic winds have been investigated to assess their role in the morphology of disk-bulge galaxies. A fluid mechanical model with gas and stars which includes galactic rotation has been used to investigate several classes of winds. It is found that many galaxies, once their initial gas is depleted, can maintain a wind throughout the entire galaxy, a conditon most easily satisfied by systems with a small bulge-to-disk ratio. If the ratio of supernova heating to total mass loss falls below a critical value that depends on galaxy type and mass, only a partial wind exterior to a critical surface can exist, with infall occurring at interior points. Galaxies in which only the bulge was depleted of gas may support a bulge wind that does not interact with the colder and denser gas in the disk.These results indicate that if SO galaxies are a transition class between elliptical and spiral galaxies, it is probably because early galactic winds, which may initially deplete a galaxy of gas, are more prevalent in SO than in spiral galaxies. However, if SO's form a parallel sequence with spirals, the initial gas-depletion mechanism must be independent of bulge-to-disk ratio. Thesemore » results are not strongly influenced by altering the galactic mass model, including electron conduction in the flow equations, or adding massive halos. « less
Multicategory Nonparallel Proximal Support Vector Machine

We propose a multicategory classifier, that is, Multicategory Nonparallel Proximal Support Vector Machine (MNPSVM), which is in the spirit of Proximal SVMs via Generalized Eigenvalues (GEPSVM). Difference from GEPSVM lie in: 1) MNPSVM keeps the genuine rather than approximate geometrical interpretation of the nonparallel proximal SVMs; 2) each nonparallel plane of MNPSVM is generated by its corresponding standard eigenvalue problems, instead of nowadays generalized eigenvalue problems. The effectiveness is demonstrated by tests on synthetic and real data sets. Furthermore, we also discuss its efficiency in experiment section and conclude that MNPSVM is far higher than that of both GEPSVM and SVM.
Maruyoshi-Song ﬂows and defect groups of D bp ( G ) theories

: We study the defect groups of D bp ( G ) theories using geometric engineering and BPS quivers. In the simple case when b = h ∨ ( G ) , we use the BPS quivers of the theory to see that the defect group is compatible with a known Maruyoshi-Song ﬂow. To extend to the case where b 6 = h ∨ ( G ) , we use a similar Maruyoshi-Song ﬂow to conjecture that the defect groups of D bp ( G ) theories are given by those of G ( b ) [ k ] theories. In the cases of G = A n , E 6 , E 8 we cross check our result by calculating the BPS quivers of the G ( b ) [ k ] theories and looking at the cokernel of their intersection matrix.
G -structure symmetries and anomalies in (1 , 0) non-linear σ -models

: A new symmetry of (1 , 0) supersymmetric non-linear σ -models in two dimensions with Fermi and mass sectors is introduced. It is a generalisation of the so-called special holonomy W -symmetry of Howe and Papadopoulos associated with structure group reductions of the target space M . Our symmetry allows in particular non-trivial ﬂux and instanton-like connections on vector bundles over M . We also investigate potential anomalies and show that cohomologically non-trivial terms in the quantum eﬀective action are invariant under a corrected version of our symmetry. Consistency with heterotic supergravity at ﬁrst order in α ′ is manifest and discussed.
Large N renormalization group flows in 3 d N = 1 Chern-Simons-Matter theories

We discuss 3d N = 1 supersymmetric SU(N) and U(N) Chern-Simons-matter theories, with Nf matter superfields in the fundamental representation of SU(N) or U(N). In the large N ’t Hooft limit with fixed ’t Hooft coupling λ these theories have one (for Nf = 1) or two (for Nf > 1) exactly marginal deformations in the superpotential. At finite N these couplings acquire a beta function. We compute the beta function exactly for λ = 0, at leading order in 1/N . For Nf = 1 we find four fixed points, one of which is triply-degenerate. We show that at large N there are at most six fixed points for any λ, and conjecture that there are exactly six, with three of them stable (including a point with enhanced N = 2 supersymmetry). The strong-weak coupling dualities of N = 1 ChernSimons-matter theories map each of these fixed points to a dual one. We show that at large N the phase structure near each of the three stable fixed points is different. For Nf > 1 we analyze the fixed points at weak coupling, and we work out the action of the strong-weak coupling duality on the marginal and relevant superpotential couplings at large N (which was previously known only for Nf = 1). In addition, we compute in these theories the 2-point and 3-point functions of the lowest gauge-invariant singlet superfield at large N , for all values of λ and of the superpotential couplings, and use them to test the large N dualities. This computation is one of the ingredients needed for a computation of the beta function at order 1/N for all λ, which we leave for future work. We also discuss ChernSimons-matter theories with extra Hubbard-Stratonovich type singlet fields, and suggest dualities between them.
Measurement of the central exclusive production of charged particle pairs in proton-proton collisions at p s = 200 GeV with the STAR detector at RHIC STAR

: We report on the measurement of the Central Exclusive Production of charged particle pairs h + h (cid:0) ( h = (cid:25); K; p ) with the STAR detector at RHIC in proton-proton collisions at p s = 200 GeV. The charged particle pairs produced in the reaction pp ! p 0 + h + h (cid:0) + p 0 are reconstructed from the tracks in the central detector and identi(cid:12)ed using the speci(cid:12)c energy loss and the time of (cid:13)ight method, while the forward-scattered protons are measured in the Roman Pot system. Exclusivity of the event is guaranteed by requiring the transverse momentum balance of all four (cid:12)nal-state particles. Di(cid:11)erential cross sections are measured as functions of observables related to the central hadronic (cid:12)nal state and to the forward-scattered protons. They are measured in a (cid:12)ducial region corresponding to the acceptance of the STAR detector and determined by the central particles’ transverse momenta and pseudorapidities as well as by the forward-scattered protons’ momenta. This (cid:12)ducial region roughly corresponds to the square of the four-momentum transfers at the proton vertices in the range 0 : 04 GeV 2 < (cid:0) t 1 ; (cid:0) t 2 < 0 : 2 GeV 2 , invariant masses of the charged particle pairs up to a few GeV and pseudorapidities of the centrally-produced hadrons in the range j (cid:17) j < 0 : 7. The measured cross sections are compared to phenomenological predictions based on the Double Pomeron Exchange (
Classification of 5 d N = 1 gauge theories

Abstract: We classify 5d N = 1 gauge theories carrying a simple gauge group that can arise by mass-deforming 5d SCFTs and 6d SCFTs (compactified on a circle, possibly with a twist). For theories having a 6d UV completion, we determine the tensor branch data of the 6d SCFT and capture the twist in terms of the tensor branch data. We also determine the dualities between these 5d gauge theories, thus determining the sets of gauge theories having a common UV completion.
Compactifications of 6 d N = ( 1 , 0 ) SCFTs with non-trivial Stiefel-Whitney classes

We consider compactifications of very Higgsable 6d N=(1, 0) SCFTs on T 2 with non-trivial Stiefel-Whitney classes (or equivalently ’t Hooft magnetic fluxes) introduced for their flavor symmetry groups. These systems can also be studied as twisted S1 compactifications of the corresponding 5d theories. We deduce various properties of the resulting 4d N=2 SCFTs by combining these two viewpoints. In particular, we find that all 4d rank-1 N=2 SCFTs with a dimension-6 Coulomb branch operator with flavor symmetry e8, usp(10), su(4) and su(3) can be uniformly obtained by starting from a single-tensor theory in 6d. We also have a mostly independent appendix where we propose a rule to determine the Coulomb branch dimensions of 4d N=2 theories obtained by T 2 compactifications of 6d very Higgsable theories with and without Stiefel-Whitney twist.
Eigenvalue spectrum and scaling dimension of lattice N = 4 supersymmetric

We investigate the lattice regularization of N = 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory, by stochastically computing the eigenvalue mode number of the fermion operator. This provides important insight into the non-perturbative renormalization group flow of the lattice theory, through the definition of a scale-dependent effective mass anomalous dimension. While this anomalous dimension is expected to vanish in the conformal continuum theory, the finite lattice volume and lattice spacing generically lead to non-zero values, which we use to study the approach to the continuum limit. Our numerical results, comparing multiple lattice volumes, ’t Hooft couplings, and numbers of colors, confirm convergence towards the expected continuum result, while quantifying the increasing significance of lattice artifacts at larger couplings.
Towards a classification of rank r N = 2 SCFTs . Part II . Special Kahler stratification of the Coulomb branch

We study the stratification of the singular locus of four dimensional N = 2 Coulomb branches. We present a set of self-consistency conditions on this stratification which can be used to extend the classification of scale-invariant rank 1 Coulomb branch geometries to two complex dimensions, and beyond. The calculational simplicity of the arguments presented here stems from the fact that the main ingredients needed — the rank 1 deformation patterns and the pattern of inclusions of rank 2 strata — are discrete topological data which satisfy strong self-consistency conditions through their relationship to the central charges of the SCFT. This relationship of the stratification data to the central charges is used here, but is derived and explained in a companion paper [1] by one of the authors. We illustrate the use of these conditions by re-analyzing many previouslyknown examples of rank 2 SCFTs, and also by finding examples of new theories. The power of these conditions stems from the fact that for Coulomb branch stratifications a conjecturally complete list of physically allowed “elementary slices” is known. By contrast, constraining the possible elementary slices of symplectic singularities relevant for Higgs branch stratifications remains an open problem.
On quantum compatibility of counterterm deformations and duality symmetries in N (cid:21) 5 supergravities

: In N = 5 ; 6 ; 8 supergravities there are hidden symmetries of equations of motion, described by duality groups SU(1 ; 5) ; SO (cid:3) (12) ; E 7(7) respectively. UV divergences and known candidate counterterms violate the deformed duality symmetry current conservation. Extra higher derivative terms in the action are required to restore duality. We study the e(cid:11)ect of a two-vector part of the counterterm for N (cid:21) 5 supergravities using the universality of the symplectic structure of extended supergravities. We construct a compact form of a deformed action with in(cid:12)nite number of higher derivative terms and restored duality symmetry with deformation parameter (cid:21) . We (cid:12)nd, in (cid:21) 2 approximation, that the SU( N ) symmetry of the deformed theory is restored on shell.
The formalisation of minority governments

Abstract The vast majority of elections in parliamentary systems result in minority situations. During cabinet formation, parties have three options: building a winning coalition, a genuine substantive minority cabinet without support, or a formal minority with institutionalised long-term support partnerships. Even though the use of permanent support partners has increased substantially, there is still comparatively little knowledge about the circumstances under which parties choose to enter such formalised support partnerships instead of winning coalitions. This article aims to close this gap by analysing how the party system, the institutional configuration, as well as the bargaining environment influence which cabinet type forms. The dataset includes 469 cabinets from 27 Eastern and Western European countries between 1970 and 2019. The hypotheses are tested with the help of multinomial model estimations. While only few of the traditional explanations can explain the formation of formal minority cabinets, the results show that there is a time-trend towards more formalisation.
A Priori Estimates for Complex Monge–Ampère Equation on Hermitian Manifolds

We study the regularity of complex Monge-Ampere equation on Hermitian manifolds. Our main results give the C 1 and C 2 estimates for the solution of Equation (1.1). Moreover, we also give the gradient estimate for the geometric solution of complex Hessian Equations (1.4) and (1.6) when the background manifold is Hermitian.
Chemical mapping and formation of V-defects in InGaN multiple quantum wells

InGaN multiple-quantum-well structures grown by metal–organic chemical-vapor deposition on GaN and capped by p-type GaN are found to contain inverted pyramids of indium-free GaN. High-resolution structural and chemical analyses of these “V-defects” by a number of complementary transmission electron microscopy techniques show that the InGaN quantum wells end abruptly at the V-defect interfaces, which lie on {10–11} planes. Each V-defect has at its center a threading edge dislocation, indicating that the defects are initiated at edge dislocation cores in the presence of indium. The lower temperatures of InGaN/GaN quantum-well growth (790 °C/950 °C) assist the formation of V-pits, which are subsequently filled in during the growth at higher temperature (1045 °C) of the p-type capping layer.
Attitudes towards Trans Men and Women in Spain: An Adaptation of the ATTMW Scale

This article presents the results of the adaptation and validation of the Attitudes Toward Trans Men and Women (ATTMW) scale—a measure capable of detecting transphobic positions towards trans men and women—in the Spanish context. A total of 310 prospective teachers from different stages of education participated in the study on its adaptation. In order to provide quantitative evidence of validity, confirmatory factor analysis and regression analysis with different constructs and sociodemographic variables were carried out. Internal consistency reliability was adequate. The study demonstrated that the ATTMW is a psychometrically sound instrument for the assessment of attitudes towards trans people, especially with items that categorize trans women and men as second-class people.
A general simulation methodology for optical bar code evaluation

A simulation methodology ofr estimating the probability of the occurrence of a given rare event in a complex probabilistic system is presented. The practical implementation of the critical value stratification variance reduction technique is given in detail to explore the problems that arise in the generation of sample values where one usually encounters dependent continuous distributions. The methodology is set in the context of evaluating optical bar code systems and the effectiveness of alternative decoding logic schemes. The objective in these applications is to estimate the probability of various types of decoding errors (1×10—4 or smaller). The methodology presented should prove a valuable guideline for developing specific procedures when one attempts to use Monte Carlo Simulation for estimating probabilities of rare events in complex systems.
Elastic Properties of ZnS Structure Semiconductors

A simple phenomenological theory of the elastic constants of sphalerite structure crystals is presented and shown to apply within reasonable errors to the known experimental constants. The theory utilizes a form for bond-stretching ($\ensuremath{\alpha}$) and bending ($\ensuremath{\beta}$) forces first used by Keating, to which are added effective point-ion Coulombic forces. Also it is pointed out that regularities in the experimental elastic constants of these crystals are readily explained in terms of the ionicity ${f}_{i}$ defined by Phillips and Van Vechten. Of particular note are the shear constants which decrease markedly with ionicity. It is found that this decrease is described quantitatively by $\frac{\ensuremath{\beta}}{\ensuremath{\alpha}}\ensuremath{\propto}(1\ensuremath{-}{f}_{i})$, which confirms the interpretation of $\ensuremath{\beta}$, since bond-bending forces should vanish in the ionic limit ${f}_{i}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}1$. Other equally simple formulas for the forces in terms of only the bond length and ${f}_{i}$ are shown to predict all the constants with a rms accuracy of 10%.
Prediction of the heliospheric current sheet tilt: 1992 – 1996

Heliospheric current sheet tilt evolves systematically over the solar cycle. Here we show that this evolution is different than the sunspot cycle and that tilt for the period 1992 – 1996 can be predicted using persistence. That is, the tilt over the coming cycle will be the same as for the past cycle. The Ulysses spacecraft has passed Jupiter and is moving out of the plane of the ecliptic, so we use the prediction of the changing heliospheric current sheet tilt to predict that Ulysses will pass beyond the envelope, or maximum latitude, of the heliospheric current sheet in November 1993.