Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EVOLUTIONARY ANALYSIS OF SARS-COV-2 GENOME AND PROTEIN INSIGHTS THE ORIGIN OF THE VIRUS, WUHAN

The family of Coronaviridae, sub-family of Coronavirinae, Nidovirale’sorder and beta-coronavirus genus all are taxonomically categorized as SARS-CoV-2. Its genome consists of positive-sense strand, single-strand of RNA and non-segmented strand.On 31 of December 2019 SARS-CoV-2 was reported in a 41-year-oldpatient.On one week of presentation, the patient was reported with some symptoms like, body pain, cough, temperature, chest rigidity, and weakness. This article is about the origin of SARS-CoV-2 from Wuhan on the base of mutation analysis.To analyze the mutations in this firstly reported SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan city Wuhan genome from NCBI GeneBank reference NC 045512.2 SARS-CoV-2 and 48,635 SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequences on GISAID server reported in different continents Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, Oceania and South America was used. First of all, MEGA tool was used to tell the classification (Clades) of different strains of SARS-CoV-2 on the phylogenetic tree. After that NUCMER (MUMmer) tool was used and results reported the types of mutations and their prevalence’s in every continent. In this article we have reported the most common type of mutational event and the type of nucleotide most mutated.
Adsorption of Crystal Violet dye from synthetic textile effluents by utilizing wheat bran (Triticum aestivum)

The present investigation reports the decolorization and subtraction of harmful Crystal violet (basic) dye from the aqueous solution by adsorption on wheat bran (WB). Experiments are performed by monitoring various factors, for instance, granular size of adsorbent (105, 210 and 500 mesh sizes), pH (1–11), duration of contact (5–120 min), amount of wheat bran (0.1–1.0 g), initial dye concentration (300–550 ppm) and temperature (0°C–60°C). The surface study of wheat bran was investigated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron micrograph. The calculations reveal adsorption of Crystal violet (CV) at the surface of WB is directly proportional to exposure time, amount of WB, initial dye concentration and temperature. Three isotherm equations were applied, Freundlich, Langmuir and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherms, to explore experimental data. The computations indicate that data fits efficiently with the Langmuir model. Optimum uptake capacity was calculated, that is, 116.6 mg g–1. Moreover, the adsorption data were used to calculate the rate constants of pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, liquid film diffusion and intraparticle diffusion. The regression value (R2 = 1) was obtained to confirm the good correlation with pseudo-second-order kinetic equation rather than others observed kinetic equations. To figure out the nature of adsorption, the free energy of adsorption of CV on WB (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS) were determined. The numerical results of ΔG, ΔH and ΔS show that adsorption of CV on WB was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The maximum removal efficiency of wheat bran towards Crystal violet, that is, 86.57% is observed at optimum conditions, that is, pH 2, 0.6 g of WB, 30 min of contact time and 400 ppm of initial dye concentration. It can be concluded from the experimental results that WB could be effectively employed as a biosorbent for the removal of CV.
Endolithic phototrophs: Examples from cave-like environments

Endoliths are more frequently found in extremely harsh environments, but they can inhabit mesic climate and subterranean habitats as well. Whether they are adapted to life inside rocks or do they seek refuge in this way, remains largely unknown for caves and pits. Consequently, subterranean habitats in limestone areas, were explored: three caves in Serbia (Cerjanska, Petnička and Potpeć) and one pit in Croatia (Keranova Golubinka). Sampling of rock substratum containing endoliths was performed at various distances from the entrance, at sites characterized by a lower level of light intensity. Phototrophs were separated from the rock matrix using 10% hydrochloric acid and analyzed using light microscopy. In general, a low diversity of endoliths was observed, but representatives from Cyanobacteria, Chlorophyta and Xanthophyta were found. Cyanobacteria, more precisely coccoid forms (genera Aphanocapsa, Chroococcidiopsis, Gloeocapsa, Gloeocapsopsis, Synechococcus), were dominant. The most interesting cyanobacterial taxon, Leptolyngbya-like taxon, representing a true endolith (euendolith), was found in the Petnička Cave. This taxon and its relation to the substratum, as well as chasmoendolithic community from the Keranova Golubinka Pit, were observed using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was observed that chasmoendoliths inhabit already existing surface rock cracks and fissures, while a true endolith actively bores into the substratum. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) was performed to observe the similarity between the sampling sites. Endoliths can grow inside the rocks, making them very successful biodeteriogens, which is not a desirable trait for caves and pits that are characterized by various attractive geomorphological features that need to be preserved. Thus, considering these habitats, more attention should be paid to the endolith community in the future.
(In)Conveniently Disposable: Waste Concern doesn‟t Affect Plastic Consumption

Mixed-methods analysis of >400 online social surveys conducted at an Australian organisation is presented to identify individuals most likely to consider the environmental impact of packaging when making purchase decisions, including bottled water, and/or take their own shopping bags/coffee cups to minimise plastic consumption. Findings are compared for two social groups, the minority (33%) who articulated ‘waste’ as a personal environmental concern, and the majority. With high disposable coffee cup consumption existing alongside ‘most’ product-choices based on their pro-environmental packaging, findings further green ‘attitude/behaviour’ gap explorations. Given legislated plastic reduction initiatives yielded greatest individual behavioural change (bringing/reusing grocery bags) regardless of respondents’ waste-production concern, continued promotion of consumer preference-based, non-punitive incentives promoted in research literature may come at high ecological cost.
Face Image Retrieval with Attribute Manipulation: Supplementary Materials

Query generation: For CelebA [3] dataset, the standard testing set is used to both generate the queries and as the gallery set. For the synthetic dataset, the latent space of the StyleGAN [2] is sampled to produce the 100, 000 images. In the main manuscript, the synthetic images are used for the qualitative evaluations, as the gallery set is much larger. To generate the queries, we randomly select 1000 images from the gallery set as the query face. We make sure that, after changing one attribute in these query images (the query attribute), there is at least one similar image the gallery set. Here, we use the ground truth attributes to define similarity. For our experiments, we consider two images similar if they have the exact same ground truth attribute values. Then, we use the query face and the query attribute to create either the modification vector (used by the GAN-based methods) or the modification text (used by the compositonal leaning methods). Out of 40 attributes in the CelebA data, 5 attributes are not related to facial features and are removed. These attributes are: blurry, necktie, earrings, hat, and necklace. Furthermore, to generate modification text and to generate queries, the attributes that describe the same feature are considered as one attribute. For example, CelebA contains ground truth for black hair, brown hair, blonde hair, and grey hair. We consider these four attribute as one, when generating the queries. Here are some example query modification texts: add/remove eyeglasses, make hair black/brown/blonde/grey, make face young/old, add/remove hair, add/remove smile, and change gender to male/female. To generate the modification vector for our method, we just set the corresponding entry to 0 or 1. We use binary modification vector in our experiments for a fair comparison with the text based methods. However, our method is capable of accepting any value between 0 and 1 for the modification vector, which will be illustrated shortly. Query
COPD_A_276692 3433..3445

1Internal Medicine Department, Gregorio Marañón University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; 2Internal Medicine Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; 3Internal Medicine Department, Segovia Hospital Complex, Segovia, Spain; 4Internal Medicine Department, Mataró Hospital, Mataró, Barcelona, Spain; 5Internal Medicine Department, Marina Baixa Hospital, Villajoyosa, Alicante, Spain; 6Internal Medicine Department, Ferrol University Hospital Complex, Ferrol, A Coruña, Spain; 7Internal Medicine Department, Infanta Cristina University Hospital, Parla, Madrid, Spain Objective: To describe the characteristics and prognosis of patients with COPD admitted to the hospital due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: The SEMI-COVID registry is an ongoing retrospective cohort comprising consecutive COVID-19 patients hospitalized in Spain since the beginning of the pandemic in March 2020. Data on demographics, clinical characteristics, comorbidities, laboratory tests, radiology, treatment, and progress are collected. Patients with COPD were selected and compared to patients without COPD. Factors associated with a poor prognosis were analyzed. Results: Of the 10,420 patients included in the SEMI-COVID registry as of May 21, 2020, 746 (7.16%) had a diagnosis of COPD. Patients with COPD are older than those without COPD (77 years vs 68 years) and more frequently male. They have more comorbidities (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, ischemic heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, kidney failure) and a higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (2 vs 1, p<0.001). The mortality rate in COPD patients was 38.3% compared to 19.2% in patients without COPD (p<0.001). Male sex, a history of hypertension, heart failure, moderate–severe chronic kidney disease, presence of cerebrovascular disease with sequelae, degenerative neurological disease, dementia, functional dependence, and a higher Charlson Comorbidity Index have been associated with increased mortality due to COVID-19 in COPD patients. Survival was higher among patients with COPD who were treated with hydroxychloroquine (87.1% vs 74.9%, p<0.001) and with macrolides (57.9% vs 50%, p<0.037). Neither prone positioning nor non-invasive mechanical ventilation, high-flow nasal cannula, or invasive mechanical ventilation were associated with a better prognosis. Conclusion: COPD patients admitted to the hospital with SARS-CoV-2 infection have more severe disease and a worse prognosis than non-COPD patients.
Credit Supply and Homeownership

The question of what determines home ownership has been extensively researched in the literature. This paper contributes to the literature by studying the e↵ect of banking deregulation on the likelihood of renters becoming homeowners. We find that renters who experienced both inter-state and intra-state banking deregulations are 8.7 percentage points more likely to become homeowners than other renters, all else being equal. In addition, the impact is larger on households with low income and high debtto-income ratios. Our estimated impacts are larger than those estimated from statelevel data, suggesting that the heterogeneous e↵ects among households are important towards home ownership. Our findings are robust to potential sample selection bias and functional misspecifications. Credit Supply and Homeownership
Authenticity of gastronomic events as a function of branding a destination

The promotion of authentic food and beverages in Vojvodina is most commonly carried out in gastronomic events. Vojvodina is rich in gastronomic products coming from the households of different nations that inhabit its territory. Gastronomic events with their authenticity can contribute to the creation of the destination brand. The aim of the present study is to explore the authenticity of gastronomic events, which could contribute to a better promotion of Vojvodina and the creation of a recognizable brand of this tourist destination. The research was conducted through the method of survey, using a questionnaire on a sample of 150 respondents. Using statistical methods of binary logistic regression, Chi – square and Fisher‘s test, the analysis was performed and the results were presented. The findings of the research indicate that the authenticity of gastronomic events is recognized by the tourists; however, this should be better utilized in destination branding, as this feature could be the key in attracting tourists.
Systematic Variations of the Stellar Initial Mass Function

In this thesis we will present evidence of systematic variations of the stellar initial mass function from photometric observations of ensembles of galaxies. These variations are interpreted in the context of theoretical predictions of how the temperature of star-forming clouds influences the IMF. We will show that these inferred gas temperatures follow predictions of stellar population feedback and observed dust temperatures. Additionally, we will prove that the spectral features associated with a variable IMF indeed differ between galaxies fitted at different gas temperatures by stacked photometry. Finally, the implications of a variable IMF on other galactic properties will be examined and perspectives for future research outlined.
Prediction of Spatial Distribution of Organic Carbon in Lower Brahmaputra Active Floodplain Soils of Bangladesh

Soil acts as a large reservoir of Organic Carbon (OC) but the amount varies significantly with space and time. Thus, soil analysis and interpretation of spatial variability of Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) are keys to site-specific management. The study aimed to characterize the spatial variability of SOC in an active floodplain. Soil samples were collected in three major landform categories (natural levee, back slope, marsh land) from the lower Brahmaputra River floodplain and then analyzed for SOC measurement in the laboratory. The measured data were then analyzed for spatial variability interpretation using descriptive statistics and geo-statistical analysis. The study found that the amount of SOC varies with landform variation, soil texture and distance between sample points. The topsoil of marsh land has the highest (1.41%), back slope holds a moderate amount (1.15%) and the natural levee has the lowest (0.75%) amount of SOC. The amount of clay particles at the top layer was found to be positively correlated to the SOC whereas in the same layer of sand and silt showed a negative correlation. The geo-statistical analysis illustrated the nugget effect. Low (<1%) SOC is commonly found in the agricultural soils of Bangladesh which was corroborated in this study; moderate (1.1%) SOC was found in the floodplain. This study aimed to provide an insight into spatial variability to assist in predicting SOC in the active floodplain; consequently, the interpretation of spatial variability analysis can be implemented for site specific management strategies and to calculate carbon stock in floodplain soils.
ML2R Coding Nuggets Hopfield Nets for Sudoku

This note demonstrates that Hopfield nets can solve Sudoku puzzles. We discuss how to represent Sudokus in terms of binary vectors and how to express their rules and hints in terms of matrix-vector equations. This allows us to set up energy functions whose global minima encode the solution to a given puzzle. However, as these energy functions typically have numerous local minima, Hopfield nets with random selection or steepest descent updates rarely find the correct solution. We therefore consider stochastic Hopfield nets or Boltzmann machines whose neurons update according to a stochastic process called simulated annealing. Our corresponding NumPy code is comparatively simple and efficient and consistently yields good results.
Reasons for Delaying the Constriction Projects in Iraq

This article dealt with construction projects in Iraq, and the research focused on the risks that may affect these projects. The purpose of this study is to determine the risks that construction projects are exposed to in Iraq and the methods of dealing in order to reduce these risks. Sometimes, if the construction projects are similar to each other in terms of configuration, requirements and purpose, then changing the project site is very sufficient to make these projects differ from each other and thus may be exposed to different risks. These are risks that negatively affect the implementation of these projects and may lead to delay or increase in their cost. Here a questionnaire is designed to collect data to identify risks that may occur during the construction project phases. This questionnaire was distributed electronically to several samples in the public and private sectors within state institutions in Iraq. After completion, the risks that these projects may be exposed to were identified. This was done with engineers and managers of companies and projects working in the public, private and joint sectors, and then these risks were analyzed by the Social Sciences for Packet Statistical Test program(SPSS).
Are Self-rated Health, Native Finnish Friends and Having Children under School Age Associated with Employment? Kurdish and Somali migrants in Finland

In Western countries, entry into the labour market is difficult for humanitarian migrants, especially women. The aim of our study was to examine the association of health, native Finnish friends and having under school-age children with employment among humanitarian migrants. The data were drawn from the Finnish Migrant Health and Wellbeing Study. The sample comprised 479 migrants of Kurdish and Somali origin (men n=248; women n=231). We analysed the associations of self-rated health, having Finnish friends and under school age children with employment using multinomial regression modelling. After adjustment for several well-established determinants of employment, having Finnish friends and good health were robustly associated with employment among women. In the age-adjusted model, having 3–6 years old children was related to lower employment among women, but after all adjustments, the association became nonsignificant. All these associations were nonsignificant among male migrants. To conclude, good health and bridging social relations with natives play a role in strengthening employment opportunities among female humanitarian migrants.
A Review of Cross-Border Merger and Acquisition Research

The surge in the number and value of cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&As) by Chinese firms in recent years has attracted worldwide attention. To better understand the causes and consequences of Chinese firms’ cross-border M&A activities, we review the theoretical and empirical cross-border M&A research published in both Chinese and English journals. First, we discuss the definition of cross-border merger and acquisition. Second, we provide descriptive statistics on the distribution of the cross-border M&A literature by publication year, journal level, research methodology, definition of cross-border M&A, geography, and research question, respectively. Third, we divide the cross-border M&A research into three categories—causes, processes, and consequences—and summarise and critique the relevant research in each category. On the basis of the findings from the review, we argue that future researchers should define the acquirer and the target on the basis of the concept of economic entity by emphasising the ultimate controller of a legal entity. We also identify the gaps in the literature. In terms of research questions, we believe more research is warranted on the causes and consequences of cross-border M&As. In particular, future research needs to pay more attention to the identification and measurement of M&A motivations and propose a stronger research design on the causes of cross-border M&As. We also notice the lack of research on the consequences of cross-border M&As for the acquirer’s other stakeholders, industry, and country. We also find that the extant literature has not paid sufficient attention to cross-border M&As by acquirers in emerging markets, SOEs, and unlisted firms.
Investigating the Factors Affecting the Use of the E-Delivery Services

: - Recent expansion in IT has paved the way for an electronic revolution that has led to the development of electronic services. Consumer e-services companies help to save expenses, speed up delivery and serve additional customers. Consequently, many companies have already shifted to the electronic environment or plan to shift their services and commodities. The qualities of each sort of product and service are important to recognize in this context. The purpose of this research is to determine the factors that impact the use of e-services.
Mapping Center Pivot Irrigation Fields in South Carolina with Google Earth Engine and the National Agricultural Imagery Program

Aerial images taken during the growing seasons of 2009, 2011, 2013, 2015, and 2017 were visually inspected for evidence of irrigation. Center pivot irrigation was identified by the characteristic shape of the spans and the curved tracks left by the wheels. The author manually delineated a polygon over each agricultural area where signs of irrigation infrastructure were observed. The result is a map of 2,689 polygons covering 146,662 acres in South Carolina. Compared with the United States Department of Agriculture 2017 Census of Agriculture, the sampling results account for over 69% of total irrigated area and over 98% of area irrigated solely by center pivots. Most center pivots covered from 25 to 75 acres, while the largest center pivot extended over 300 acres. These results are an important contribution to the quantification of water use in South Carolina.
The Veiled Curriculum and the Capability of Youth to Resist Negative Peer Pressure

Most parents/guardians hope their children would be faced with only positive peer pressure, but many young people grapple with negative peer pressure-that seemingly overwhelming push to conform to harmful behaviors like drug abuse. This article reports research findings from a research conducted on the role played by accidental messages arising from social interactions in learning contexts on young people’s choices to follow their peers or not to imitate them. The target population of the investigation included 1246 young people from higher learning institutions in Nairobi city county. The researcher employed Taro Yamennes’ sample size calculation formula in determining the sample size. The researcher used a self-made questionnaire with 64 items with a consistency coefficient of 0.83 and an interview guide with 14 items to gather data. The study results showed that inadvertent messages arising from peer interrelationships shape youths’ ways of thinking, decision making, and their behavior.