Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FACTORS INFLUENCING FOOD-WASTE BEHAVIORS AT UNIVERSITY CANTEENS IN BEIJING, CHINA: AN INVESTIGATION BASED ON THE THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR

Food waste is a major social problem that contributes to the overutilization of natural resources, affecting economic progress and environmental protection. Food waste occurs throughout the whole process of the food supply chain, especially during the consumption stage. As a special group of consumers, the emerging adults at university may have unique food consumption patterns and their food waste behavior in university canteens deserves more attention. To understand the influential factors of the food-waste behavior of students in university canteens, a field survey was conducted at China Agricultural
A Self-Referenced Refractive Index Sensor Based on Gold Nanoislands

We report on a self-referenced refractive index optical sensor based on Au nanoislands. The device consists of a random distribution of Au nanoislands formed by dewetting on a planar SiO2/metal Fabry–Pérot cavity. Experimental and theoretical studies of the reflectance of this configuration reveal that its spectral response results from a combination of two resonances: a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) associated to the Au nanoislands and the lowest-order anti-symmetric resonance of the Fabry–Pérot cavity. When the device is immersed in different fluids, the LSPR contribution provides high sensitivity to refractive index variations of the fluid, whereas those refractive index changes have little impact on the Fabry–Pérot resonance wavelength, allowing its use as a reference signal. The self-referenced sensor exhibits a spectral sensitivity of 212 nm/RIU (RIU: refractive index unit), which is larger than those of similar structures, and an intensity sensitivity of 4.9 RIU−1. The proposed chip-based architecture and the low cost and simplicity of the Au nanoisland synthesis procedure make the demonstrated sensor a promising self-referenced plasmonic sensor for compact biosensing optical platforms based on reflection mode operation.
Light deflection in Kaluza–Klein gravity

When general relativity is extended from four to five dimensions, as in the theory of Kaluza and Klein, the relations for the classical tests are modified. The light‐deflection problem shows a particularly interesting modification. We derive the general expression for light deflection by a massive body in the five‐dimensional theory, and show that it can lead to significantly reduced deflection angles.
Bias reduction for nonparametric correlation coefficients under the bivariate normal copula assumption with known detection limits

The authors derive the asymptotic mean and bias of Kendall's tau and Spearman's rho in the presence of left censoring in the bivariate Gaussian copula model. They show that tie corrections for left‐censoring brings the value of these coefficients closer to zero. They also present a bias reduction method and illustrate it through two applications.
An Algorithm to Screen Cloud-Affected Data for Sky Radiometer Data Analysis

Aerosol optical parameters obtained from sky radiometer instrument are important not only for studying aerosol effects on climate change, but also for validating several results obtained from satellite retrievals and numerical simulations. However, the greatest challenge is to separate cloud-affected and cloud free data from data measured by sky radiometer. In this study, we present an algorithm to separate such cloud-affected and cloud free data. The proposed algorithm is comprehensively tested with observational data. The algorithm consists of three tests: (i) test with global irradiance data, (ii) spectral variability test, and (iii) statistical analyses test. Though the test with the global irradiance data is the most powerful test, our study shows that it has some limitations, which can sometimes cause some clear sky data to be detected as cloud-affected data. In order to cope with this problem, a modified version of spectral variability algorithm is proposed. As the second test, the modified spectral variability algorithm is applied to filter clear sky data from data detected as cloud-affected by the first test. Finally, statistical analyses tests are performed to remove any outlier, if exists, from clear sky data detected by the first and second tests. It is shown that our proposed algorithm can screen cloud-affected data more effectively in comparison to other cloud screening algorithms. An application of this algorithm to screen observation data of one year collected in Chiba, Japan produces the seasonal means of optical thickness at 500 nm (Angstrom exponent) as ∼0.17(∼1.42), ∼0.38(∼0.98), ∼0.53(∼1.21), and ∼0.21(∼1.28) for winter, spring, summer and autumn seasons, respectively. Depending on the season, the initial seasonal mean optical thicknesses at 500 nm decrease by ∼0.07 to ∼0.16 and mean Angstrom exponents increase by ∼0.087 to ∼0.162 due to cloud screening. An application of this algorithm to dust-loaded atmospheres is also discussed. The proposed algorithm can be applied to any sky radiometer observation site as long as global irradiance data are available.
Bayesian Robust Tensor Factorization for Angle Estimation in Bistatic MIMO Radar With Unknown Spatially Colored Noise

In this paper, we propose a robust tensor-based scheme for joint direction-of-departure (DOD) and direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation in bistatic multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar with unknown spatially colored noise. To eliminate the colored noise, the proposed algorithm first denoises the received signal from the temporal cross-correlation approach and constructs a third-order complex tensor model. Then, a real-valued compressed tensor model is developed by utilizing the characteristic of radar antenna arrays. Finally, Bayesian tensor factorization is derived to fit the constructed real-valued model and approximate factor matrices, from which DOD and DOA can be extracted. We also derive Cramér-Rao bound (CRB) results for angle estimation. The proposed algorithm is suitable for both uniform linear array (ULA) and uniform planar array (UPA) manifolds. Compared with existing angle estimation methods, the proposed one has better estimation accuracy and more stable performance. In addition, the proposed algorithm works well even if the number of targets is unknown. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and improvement of the proposed angle estimation algorithm.
Point-of-care transthoracic echocardiography: An essential management tool for acute massive pulmonary thromboembolism

The pulmonary thromboembolism may be a life-threatening condition. A hip fracture surgery patient aged >90 years old had a sudden post-operative episode of shock, de-saturation, and reverted cardiac arrest. A point-of-care transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) undertaken by an anesthesiologist revealed inferior vena cava dilation/flattening, right cardiac chamber dilation, and McConnell signs (right ventricular apex hyperkinesia and lateral wall hypokinesia); the ventricular septal wall was shifting to the left side, and the left ventricular chamber collapsed at the end-systole, indicating a high ejection fraction in the context of obstructive shock. As such, it revealed signs of pulmonary thromboembolism. Despite the absolute contraindication for thrombolysis and therapeutic hypocoagulation, the treatment was started immediately along with vasopressor support, which was life-saving in this patient. A summary TTE played a pivotal role in our patient's case, helping with the differential diagnosis of the cause of shock.
Massive Star Formation in the Infrared-bright Galaxy NGC 972

We present the results of optical broadband and Hα imaging studies of the infrared-bright galaxy NGC 972. The broadband images and B/R color map reveal the peculiar morphology and complex dust distribution. Massive star formation activity in this galaxy is evident from the continuum-subtracted Hα image, which shows the presence of circumnuclear activity and disk star formation within a radius of 3.4 kpc. The circumnuclear star-forming regions are distributed in a ring of radius 630 pc and closely associated with an inner dust ring. Aperture photometry has been performed on the individual H II regions, and we estimate an age ≤5.4 Myr for the nuclear starburst using evolutionary synthesis models. The Hα luminosity of the nucleus is comparable to that of starburst nuclei. The emission-line ratios of NGC 972 are also indicative of a nuclear starburst, which is powered by photoionization by a large number of hot, massive stars. The enhancement of low-ionization lines compared with normal H II regions can be attributed to the influence of dust on the thermal properties of the nebula or to contributions by shocks from supernova remnants. The star formation rate is estimated as 0.32 M☉ yr-1 for the nucleus and 2.1–2.7 M☉ yr-1 in the inner 3.6 kpc of the galaxy.
Derivatives and perturbation bounds for symmetric tensor powers of matrices

The Jacobi formula for the derivative of the determinant of a matrix has been well known for a long time. For the antisymmetric and symmetric tensors powers, norms of their first derivatives had been calculated in [7] and [5] respectively. Recently, Bhatia and Jain [8] have derived three formulas for higher order derivatives of the determinant each of which is a generalisation of the Jacobi formula. After that, Jain [10] has also calculated higher order derivatives for the antisymmetric tensor powers. In the same spirit, here we obtain derivatives of all orders for the symmetric tensor powers. To obtain these, we first calculate the derivatives of the permanent function. We also evaluate the norm of the derivatives of the symmetric tensor powers and give a bound on the norm of the derivatives of the permanent function. As corollaries, we derive higher order perturbation bounds for these functions. Let φ : M(n) → C be a differentiable map. The derivative of φ at a n × n complex matrix A is the linear map Dφ(A) : M(n) → C whose action at X ∈ M(n) is given by :–
Nonresonant enhancement of the nonstationary holographic currents in photoconductive crystals

We report the nonresonant excitation of the nonstationary holographic currents in an external sinusoidal electric field. The theoretical analysis of the effect has been performed for the conventional model of semiconductor with one type of partially compensated donor level. We demonstrate that the application of an ac field sufficiently increases the photocurrent amplitude. At the same time the frequency transfer function of the effect maintains the form typical for the diffusion mechanism of photocurrent excitation. The dependencies of the current amplitude and characteristic cutoff frequency versus applied voltage are utilized for the determination of the photocarrier's μτ product. The advantages of the proposed technique are discussed. The experiments are carried out in a photorefractive n-type Bi 1 2 SiO 2 0 crystal. The signal enhancement of ∼50 dB has been achieved and the μτ product is found to be μτ=(0.8 - 1.2)×10 - 1 0 m 2 /V.
Zero Phase Error Tracking Algorithm for Digital Control

A digital feedforward control algorithm for tracking desired time varying signals is presented. The feedforward controller cancels all the closed-loop poles and cancellable closed-loop zeros. For uncancellable zeros, which include zeros outside the unit circle, the feedforward controller cancels the phase shift induced by them. The phase cancellation assures that the frequency response between the desired output and actual output exhibits zero phase shift for all the frequencies. The algorithm is particularly suited to the general motion control problems including robotic arms and positioning tables. A typical motion control problem is used to show the effectiveness of the proposed feedforward controller.
Mechanisms of PARP1 inhibitor resistance and their implications for cancer treatment

Abstract The discovery of synthetic lethality as a result of the combined loss of PARP1 and BRCA has revolutionized the treatment of DNA repair-deficient cancers. With the development of PARP inhibitors, patients displaying germline or somatic mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 were presented with a novel therapeutic strategy. However, a large subset of patients do not respond to PARP inhibitors. Furthermore, many of those who do respond eventually acquire resistance. As such, combating de novo and acquired resistance to PARP inhibitors remains an obstacle in achieving durable responses in patients. In this review, we touch on some of the key mechanisms of PARP inhibitor resistance, including restoration of homologous recombination, replication fork stabilization and suppression of single-stranded DNA gap accumulation, as well as address novel approaches for overcoming PARP inhibitor resistance.
The contributions of reading and phonological awareness for spelling in grade three isiXhosa learners

Background: One factor which is consistently highlighted in research on literacy is the lack of understanding of how literacy develops in the Southern-Bantu languages. In particular, little is known about spelling in the Southern-Bantu languages such as isiXhosa.Objectives: Through the use of an initial exploratory study and a conceptual replication study, we examined the relationships between reading, phonological awareness, and spelling in isiXhosa grade 3 learners. The initial exploratory study sought to describe the relationships between reading and spelling, and phonological awareness and spelling in a sample of 49 grade 3 isiXhosa learners. We then conceptually replicated this study with a larger sample of 200 grade 3 isiXhosa learners. We expected that both reading and phonological awareness would be related to spelling and that the strength of the relationship between reading and spelling, and phonological awareness and spelling would vary with spelling ability, due to the changes that occur in the development of spelling.Method: Cross-sectional, quantitative secondary data were used from two different projects to answer the research questions. Tasks of phonological awareness, oral reading fluency and spelling were developed and administered to the participants.Results: We found that reading was a replicable predictor of spelling for grade 3 isiXhosa learners and that phonological awareness was influential only at the mid-range of spelling performance.Conclusion: Our findings emphasise the importance of the reading – writing connection, and lend support for what has been found for other consistently written languages, adding to the growing body of knowledge of universal predictors of spelling development.
Metabolomic characterization of congenital microtia: a possible analysis for early diagnosis

Background Although metabolic abnormalities have been deemed one of the essential risk factors for growth and development, the relationship between metabolic abnormalities and microtia is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to establish a cell model of microtia and the changes of serum metabolites in patients with microtia. Methods After constructing a cell model of microtia with low expression of BMP5, we performed integrative metabolomics analysis. For the altered metabolites, the content of glycerophosphocholine (PC), triacylglycerol (TG), and choline in the serum of 28 patients (15 patients with microtia and 13 controls) with microtia was verified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Detailed metabolomic evaluation showed distinct clusters of metabolites between BMP5-low expressing cells and normal control (NC) cells. The cell model of microtia had significantly higher levels of TG, PC, glycerophosphoethanolamine (PE), sphingomyelin, sulfatide, glycerophosphoglycerol, diacylglycerol, and glycosphingolipid. The main abnormal metabolites were mainly concentrated in the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway, and PC and choline were closely related. In the serum of patients with microtia, the contents of PC, TG, and choline were significantly increased. Conclusions The individual serum samples confirmed the different metabolites between patients with microtia and controls. In particular, we showed that a newly developed metabolic biomarker panel has a high sensitivity and specificity for separating patients with microtia from controls.
Young's modulus measurement of aluminum thin film with cantilever structure

Micromachined cantilever structures are commonly used for measuring mechanical properties of thin film materials in MEMS. The application of conventional cantilever theory in experiment raises severe problem. The deformation of the supporting post and flange is produced by the applied electrostatic force and lead to more reduced measurement value than real Youngí»s modulus of thin film materials. In order to determine Youngí»s modulus of aluminum thin film robustly and reproducibly, the modified cantilever structure is proposed. Two measurement methods, which are cantilever tip deflection measurement and resonant frequency measurement, are used for confirming the reliability of the proposed cantilever structure as well. Measured results indicate that the proposed measurement scheme provides useful and credible Youngí»s modulus value for thin film materials with sub-micron thickness. The proved validation of the proposed scheme makes sure that in addition to Youngí»s modulus of aluminum thin film, that of other thin film materials which are aluminum alloy, metal, and so forth, can be extracted easily and clearly.
Mental stress faced by the mental health counsellors working in a Malaysian Medical University: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis

ABSTRACT Introduction: Globally, mental health today poses a significant hazard to all of us. It is more vital for students, whose survival in a highly competitive atmosphere places them under enormous pressure. Aim and Objective: This qualitative study sought to determine how mental health counsellors now address the mental health concerns of their pupils. To achieve this objective, two research questions were developed to direct this study: (1) What are the experiences of counsellors who provide support to students with mental health issues? (2) How might guidance and counselling services and programmes enhance the academic success of students with mental health issues? Methodology: Participants were selected from a university in a northern Malaysian neighbourhood. Several semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with two counsellors to collect data. Results: Overall, the counsellors regarded multitasking to be a hindrance to their job performance. Participants felt that their caseloads prevented them from being proactive with each student, resulting in irritation. According to the participants, the job’s requirements have changed, but the number of tasks and caseload have not. This has led to feelings of exhaustion and frustration. The study revealed two important research’s findings: first, there has been an increase in the number of mental health concerns, particularly anxiety and depression, among students; second, counsellors would be able to effectively support children intellectually and personally if they had appropriate staffing and professional development. Conclusion: It was concluded that the counselors regarded multitasking was a hindrance to their job performance. Participants reported an increase in the frequency of anxiety and depression exhibited by their students and they felt that additional programming with friends, family, and professors could increase students’ social well-being.
Effects of dry etching processes on effective refractive index of ZnTe surface layers in terahertz region

We report on the far-infrared (FIR) reflection spectra of high-quality ZnTe crystals exposed to CH4/H2 gases under different rf plasma powers. The effects of reactive ion etching on the effective refractive index of perturbed ZnTe surface layers have been investigated in the terahertz (THz) frequency range of 1.5–10.0 THz. The FIR refractive index has been found to decrease with the increase of plasma power, which has been well described by Sellmeier formulas. Furthermore, the obtained experimental data have been employed for THz electro-optic applications by predicting the effects of RIE on the second-order nonlinear susceptibility and the THz pulse intensity after dispersive propagation/absorption in the ZnTe surface layers.
A Detailed Review on Synthesis, Functionalization, Application, Challenges, and Current Status of Magnetic Nanoparticles in the Field of Drug Delivery and Gene Delivery System

For progression of health care system, it has always been a challenge to the researchers for formulation to a type of advanced drug delivery system which will have less toxicity, targeted delivery and will be highly biodegradable. Nano science or nanotechnology has been validated to be a successful method as of targeting the drug to its active site be due to its special physicochemical properties and size thereby reducing the dose of administration, increasing bioavailability, and also reducing toxicity. Magnetic nanoparticles recently in few decades have proved as an effective advanced drug delivery system for its elevated magnetic responsiveness, biocompatibility, elevated targeted drug delivery effectiveness, etc. The drug can be easily targeted to active site by application of external magnetic field. Among the various elements, nanoparticles prepared with magnetically active iron oxide or other iron-based spinel oxide nanoparticles are widely used due to its high electrical resistivity, mechanical hardness, chemical stability, etc. Owing to their easy execution towards drug delivery application, extensive research has been carried out in this area. This review paper has summarized all recent modifications of iron-based magnetically active nanoparticle based drug delivery system along with their synthesis, characterization, and applications.
ON THE LOWER BOUND OF THE NUMBER OF REAL ROOTS OF A RANDOM ALGEBRAIC EQUATION WITH INFINITE VARIANCE. II

Let Nn be the number of real roots of a random algebraic equation y"=0 f„xl=0 where the £„'s are independent random variables with a common characteristic function exp(-C|r|»), a>l, and C, a positive constant. Then for n > n„, N„ > (/( log «)/(log log n) outside a set of measure at most /<7{log((Iog«0)/(Iog log «„))}*-'.
Componentes fitoplanctónicos y zoobentónicos en el lago Zempoala, Morelos, México

This paper describes an investigation of the density and distribution of phytoplankton and zoobenthic organisms carried out in the Zempoala Lake from 1998 to 1999. The data showed that the flora is made up of 29 species, distributed in eight categories. Of these the category of Bacillariophyceae showed the highest density and was also dominant in time and space as well. With regards to phytoplankton, the highest densities were found during spring, and according to the distribution of species, a seasonal succession was observed. With regards to benthic organisms, results showed that the abundance of these organisms during Fall and Winter was higher than during Spring and Summer, with a peak abundance of 10,612 org/m 2 , Oligoquetos were dominant along the coastline during almost all the year, while cladoceros were dominant in the deeper water, through the largest part of the time that sampling took place. The largest number of organism were found at sampling points seven and eight.