Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository)

: Differentiation of the forms and functions of different smiles is needed, but they should be based on the empirical data on distinctions that senders and receivers make and on the physical cues that are employed. Such data would allow for a test of whether smiles can be differentiated using perceptual cues alone or whether mimicry or simulation are necessary. Abstract: Eye contact plays a critical role in many aspects of face processing, including the processing of smiles. We propose that this is achieved by a subcortical route, which is activated by eye contact and modulates the cortical areas involve in social cognition, including the processing of facial expression. This mechanism could be impaired in individuals with autism spectrum disorders.
Colour and Surface Chemistry Changes of Wood Surfaces Coated with Two Types of Waxes after Seven Years Exposure to Natural Light in Indoor Conditions

The ageing of materials is an irreversible, in-time occurring complex phenomenon, which affects both wood surfaces and the coating materials. This paper focuses on the light-induced natural ageing of wood-coated surfaces in indoor conditions. Two wood species: European maple (Acer pseudoplatanus) and European walnut (Juglans regia) and two types of waxes: bees wax and Chinese wax were employed in the experiments presented in this paper. Uncoated and coated wood samples were exposed to the natural sunlight filtered by window glass in a simulated indoors natural ageing test for a total period of 7 years. Colour measurements in the CIE-Lab system and FTIR-ATR investigation were employed to evaluate the ageing phenomena. The uncoated wooden samples underwent progressive colour changes perceived as darkening for European maple and lightening for European walnut, corresponding to total colour differences values (ΔE) after 7 years of exposure of 12.54 and 11.66, respectively. Coating of wood samples with the two types of waxes differently influenced the total colour changes for the two wood species: reduced colour changes corresponding to ΔE values of 4.79–6.44 were determined for European maple, whilst increased colour changes corresponding to ΔE values of 13.80–20.83 were determined for European walnut. FTIR analysis highlighted different surface chemistry changes for the uncoated and wax-coated wood samples.
THE HIDDEN “AGN MAIN SEQUENCE”: EVIDENCE FOR A UNIVERSAL BLACK HOLE ACCRETION TO STAR FORMATION RATE RATIO SINCE z ∼ 2 PRODUCING AN MBH–M* RELATION

Using X-ray stacking analyses we estimate the average amounts of supermassive black hole (SMBH) growth taking place in star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 1 and z ∼ 2 as a function of galaxy stellar mass (M*). We find that the average SMBH growth rate follows remarkably similar trends with M* and redshift as the average star formation rates (SFRs) of their host galaxies (i.e., ∝ M*0.86 ± 0.39 for the z ∼ 1 sample and ∝ M*1.05 ± 0.36 for the z ∼ 2 sample). It follows that the ratio of SMBH growth rate to SFR is (1) flat with respect to M*, (2) not evolving with redshift, and (3) close to the ratio required to maintain/establish an SMBH to stellar mass ratio of ≈10−3 as also inferred from today's MBH–MBulge relationship. We interpret this as evidence that SMBHs have, on average, grown in step with their host galaxies since at least z ∼ 2, irrespective of host galaxy mass and active galactic nucleus triggering mechanism. As such, we suggest that the same secular processes that drive the bulk of star formation are also responsible for the majority of SMBH growth. From this, we speculate that it is the availability of gas reservoirs that regulate both cosmological SMBH growth and star formation.
BENZOIC ACID ANTI-BIOFILM ACTIVITY IN PSEUDOMONAS QUANTUM CHEMICAL CALCULATIONS BY DFT AND MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDY

Quorum sensing (QS), used by many pathogenic bacteria to express virulence factors, is seen as a new and effective strategy to combat resistant bacteria. In this study, theoretical investigations were made on the structural data of molecules to support the inhibition effects of 2-amino 4-chloro benzoic acid and 4-amino 2-chloro benzoic acid molecules. Theoretical calculations were performed by using the density functional theory with the B3LYP function and aug-cc-pVDZ basis set in the gas phase of the isolated compounds in the ground state. The biological activities of the related compounds were theoretically investigated against Covid-19 protein (PDB ID: 6LU7). are on the oxygen atoms, hence these show the most favored site for any electrophilic attack on the molecules. The maximum positive regions are localized on the H atoms in the carbonyl and amine groups, indicating a possible site for nucleophilic attack.
Witness Encryption for Succinct Functional Commitments and Applications

Witness encryption (WE), introduced by Garg, Gentry, Sahai, and Waters (STOC 2013) allows one to encrypt a message to a statement x for some NP language L , such that any user holding a witness for x ∈ L can decrypt the ciphertext. The extreme power of this primitive comes at the cost of its elusiveness: a practical construction from established cryptographic assumptions is currently out of reach. In this work we introduce and construct a new notion of encryption that has a strong flavor of WE and that, crucially, we can build from well-studied assumptions (based on bilinear pairings) for interesting classes of computation. Our new notion, witness encryption for (suc-cinct) functional commitment , takes inspiration from a prior weakening of witness encryption introduced by Benhamouda and Lin (TCC 2020). In a nutshell, theirs is a WE where: the encryption statement consists of a (non compressible) commitment cm , a function G and a value y ; the decryption witness consists of a (non succinct) NIZK proof about the fact that cm opens to v such that y = G ( v ). Benhamouda and Lin showed how to apply this primitive to obtain MPC with non-interactive and reusability properties—dubbed mrNISC —replacing the requirement of WE in existing round-collapsing techniques. Our new WE-like notion is motivated by supporting both commitments of a fixed size and fixed decryption complexity, independent of the size of the value v —in contrast to the work by Benhamouda and Lin where this complexity is linear. As a byproduct, our efficiency requirement substantially improves the offline stage of mrNISC protocols. From a technical standpoint, our work shows
Infinite-dimensional transfer operators, endomorphisms, and measurable partitions

We develop a new duality between endomorphisms of measure spaces, on the one hand, and a certain family of positive operators, called transfer operators, acting in spaces of measurable functions on, on the other. A framework of standard Borel spaces is adopted; and this generality is wide enough to cover a host of applications. While the mathematical structures of positive operators, endomorphisms, transfer operators, measurable partitions, and Markov processes arise in a host of settings, both pure and applied, we propose here a unified study. This is the general setting of dynamics in Borel measure spaces. Hence the corresponding linear structures are infinite-dimensional. Nonetheless, we prove a number of analogues of the more familiar finite-dimensional settings, for example, the Perron-Frobenius theorem for positive matrices, and the corresponding Markov chains. Tools from the theory of operators in Hilbert space of special significance to us will be the use of a certain universal Hilbert space, as well as classes of operators in it, directly related to the central theme of duality for transfer operators. From ergodic theory, we address such questions as measurable cross sections, partitions, and Rohlin analysis of endomorphisms of measure spaces. While there are classical theorems dealing with analogous questions for automorphisms of measure spaces, a systematic study of endomorphisms is of more recent vintage;-- in its infancy. In order to make the exposition accessible to students and to researchers in neighboring areas, we have included a number of explicit examples and applications.
Supernovae in the Subaru Deep Field: an initial sample and Type Ia rate out to redshift 1.6

Large samples of high-redshift supernovae (SNe) are potentially powerful probes of cosmic star formation, metal enrichment and SN physics. We present initial results from a new deep SN survey, based on re-imaging in the R, i', z' bands, of the 0.25 deg^2 Subaru Deep Field (SDF), with the 8.2-m Subaru telescope and Suprime-Cam. In a single new epoch consisting of two nights of observations, we have discovered 33 candidate SNe, down to a z'-band magnitude of 26.3 (AB). We have measured the photometric redshifts of the SN host galaxies, obtained Keck spectroscopic redshifts for 17 of the host galaxies and classified the SNe using the Bayesian photometric algorithm of Poznanski et al. that relies on template matching. After correcting for biases in the classification, 55 per cent of our sample consists of Type Ia SNe and 45 per cent of core-collapse SNe. The redshift distribution of the SNe Ia reaches z ≈ 1.6, with a median of z ≈ 1.2. The core-collapse SNe reach z ≈ 1.0, with a median of z ≈ 0.5. Our SN sample is comparable to the Hubble Space Telescope/Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey (GOODS) sample in both size and redshift range. The redshift distributions of the SNe in the SDF and in GOODS are consistent, but there is a trend (which requires confirmation using a larger sample) for more high-z SNe Ia in the SDF. This trend is also apparent when comparing the SN Ia rates we derive to those based on GOODS data. Our results suggest a fairly constant rate at high redshift that could be tracking the star formation rate. Additional epochs on this field, already being obtained, will enlarge our SN sample to the hundreds, and determine whether or not there is a decline in the SN Ia rate at z ≳ 1.
From Maximal Entropy Random Walk to quantum thermodynamics

Surprisingly, the natural looking random walk leading to Brownian motion occurs to be often biased in a very subtle way: emphasizing some possibilities by only approximating maximal uncertainty principle. A new philosophy of stochastic modelling has been recently introduced, in which we use the only maximizing entropy choice of transition probabilities instead. Local behaviour of both approaches is similar, but they usually lead to completely different global situations. In contrast to Brownian motion leading to nearly uniform stationary density, this recent approach turns out in agreement with having strong localization properties, thermodynamical predictions of quantum mechanics, like thermalizing to dynamical equilibrium state of probability density as the quantum ground state: squares of coordinates of the lowest energy eigenvector of the Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian for single particle in discrete case, or of the standard Schrödinger operator while including potential and making infinitesimal limit.
Effects of coating rate on morphology of copper surfaces

We have used standard fractal analysis and Markov approach to obtain further insights on roughness and multifractality of different surfaces. The effect of coating rates on generating topographic rough surfaces in copper thin films with same thickness has been studied using atomic force microscopy technique (AFM). Our results show that by increasing the coating rates, correlation length (grain sizes) and Markov length are decreased and roughness exponent is decreased and our surfaces become more multifractal. Indeed, by decreasing the coating rate, the relaxation time of embedding the particles is increased.
Automorphisms of affine Veronese surfaces by Bakhyt Aitzhanova Ualbai Umirbaev

We prove that every derivation and every locally nilpotent derivation of the subalgebra K[x, xn−1y, . , xyn−1, y], where n ≥ 2, of the polynomial algebra K[x, y] in two variables over a field K of characteristic zero is induced by a derivation and a locally nilpotent derivation K[x, y], respectively. Moreover, we prove that every automorphism of K[x, xn−1y, . , xyn−1, y] over an algebraically closed field K of characteristic zero is induced by an automorphism of K[x, y]. We also show that the group of automorphisms of K[x, xn−1y, . , xyn−1, y] admits an amalgamated free product structure. Mathematics Subject Classification (2020): 14R10, 14J50, 13F20.
Variational discretization of thermodynamical simple systems on Lie groups

This paper presents the continuous and discrete variational formulations of simple thermodynamical systems whose configuration space is a (finite dimensional) Lie group. We follow the variational approach to nonequilibrium thermodynamics developed in [ 12 , 13 ], as well as its discrete counterpart whose foundations have been laid in [ 14 ]. In a first part, starting from this variational formalism on the Lie group, we perform an Euler-Poincare reduction in order to obtain the reduced evolution equations of the system on the Lie algebra of the configuration space. We obtain as corollaries the energy balance and a Kelvin-Noether theorem. In a second part, a compatible discretization is developed resulting in discrete evolution equations that take place on the Lie group. Then, these discrete equations are transported onto the Lie algebra of the configuration space with the help of a group difference map. Finally we illustrate our framework with a heavy top immersed in a viscous fluid modeled by a Stokes flow and proceed with a numerical simulation.
Instillation Strategies for Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer in the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Shortage Era: A Simple Solution for BCG Discontinuation

Objective: Among intravesical instillation protocol in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), chemotherapy agents have been widely used during the bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) shortage era since the patient might under the risk of BCG discontinuation. This study evaluates the efficacy of incomplete BCG instillation compared with pure chemotherapy instillation protocol. Materials and Methods: Patients newly diagnosed with intermediate-and high-risk NMIBC who received incomplete BCG intravesical instillation or chemotherapy instillation were retrospectively included. Patients were divided into three groups according to different intravesical instillation schedules: [BCG only], [BCG + Chemo], and [Chemo only]. Comparisons between these three groups were performed. Bladder recurrence-free survival (RFS) was analyzed as the primary endpoint. Results: A total of 475 patients who received intravesical instillations were enrolled. Compared to the [Chemo only] group, the [BCG + Chemo] group had significantly better bladder RFS (p = 0.027). Multivariate analysis of recurrence revealed the [BCG + Chemo] regimen has a hazard ratio 0.381 (95% CI 0.154–0.941, p = 0.037). The total instillation number >12 was associated with better RFS (p = 0.001) compared with other instillation numbers. Conclusion: For NMIBC patients facing the risk of unexpected BCG instillation interruption, instead of starting instillation with chemotherapy agents, receiving BCG first till stoppage then shifting to chemotherapy agents is recommended.
Macroscopic fluctuation theory

Stationary non-equilibrium states describe steady flows through macroscopic systems. Although they represent the simplest generalization of equilibrium states, they exhibit a variety of new phenomena. Within a statistical mechanics approach, these states have been the subject of several theoretical investigations, both analytic and numerical. The macroscopic fluctuation theory, based on a formula for the probability of joint space-time fluctuations of thermodynamic variables and currents, provides a unified macroscopic treatment of such states for driven diffusive systems. We give a detailed review of this theory including its main predictions and most relevant applications.
The road toward a general relativistic metric inside the Earth and its effect on neutrino travel from CERN to GRAN-SASSO Laboratory

In a first attempt to describe the effect on neutrino travel inside the Earth caused by general relativity in the case of a dense Earth, we have neglected the Earth's rotation, the Earth's ellipticity and also the surface terrain variation, nevertheless we have focused our attention on the density description of the Earth interior provided by geophysic's models such as PREM. Assuming a non rotating Earth, the general relativistic effect on neutrino travelling from CERN to GRAN-SASSO happened to produce a delay of $\delta t=4.1863 \, picosecond$.
On the asymptotic formulae for some multiplicative functions in short intervals

We are going to study the mean values of some multiplicative functions connected with the divisor function in short interval of summation. The asymptotics for such mean values will be proved. Considering instead of well-known multiplicative functions, their inverses lead to very weak results of application of standard methods of complex integration. In order to get better estimations, we propose another method which uses as its main tools the density estimates and zero-free region for Riemann ζ-function and Dirichlet L-functions.
Quantum state cloning in the presence of a closed timelike curve

Using the Deutsch model of closed timelike curves, we show that a universal cloner can be constructed that when acting on a completely arbitrary qubit state, exceeds the no-cloning bound for fidelity. Since the no-cloning theorem has played a central role in the development of quantum information science, it is clear that the existence of closed timelike curves that behave according to Deutsch’s model would radically change the rules for quantum information technology. Nevertheless, we show that this type of cloning does not violate no-signaling criteria.
Perspectives on Kuperberg flows

The "Seifert Conjecture" asks, "Does every non-singular vector field on the 3-sphere ${\mathbb S}^3$ have a periodic orbit? " In a celebrated work, Krystyna Kuperberg gave a construction of a smooth aperiodic vector field on a plug, which is then used to construct counter-examples to the Seifert Conjecture for smooth flows on the $3$-sphere, and on compact 3-manifolds in general. The dynamics of the flows in these plugs have been extensively studied, with more precise results known in special "generic" cases of the construction. Moreover, the dynamical properties of smooth perturbations of Kuperberg's construction have been considered. In this work, we recall some of the results obtained to date for the Kuperberg flows and their perturbations. Then the main point of this work is to focus attention on how the known results for Kuperberg flows depend on the assumptions imposed on the flows, and to discuss some of the many interesting questions and problems that remain open about their dynamical and ergodic properties.
Non-rational su(2) cosets and Liouville field theory

We propose an su(2) WZNW model with a non-rational level and a continuous spectrum based on the non-unitary hermitian representations of the chiral algebra su(2)_k. It is conjectured that for this model the continuous spectra counterpart of the Goddard-Kent-Olive (GKO) coset construction yields the Liouville and the imaginary Liouville field theories. We support the conjecture by a number of nontrivial tests based on analytic calculations.
Quotients of $S^2\times{S^2}$

We consider closed topological 4-manifolds $M$ with universal cover ${S^2\times{S^2}}$ and Euler characteristic $\chi(M) = 1$. All such manifolds with $\pi=\pi_1(M)\cong {\mathbb Z}/4$ are homotopy equivalent. In this case, we show that there are four homeomorphism types, and propose a candidate for a smooth example which is not homeomorphic to the geometric quotient. If $\pi\cong {\mathbb Z}/2 \times {\mathbb Z}/2$, we show that there are three homotopy types (and between 6 and 24 homeomorphism types).
Pressure and escape rates for random
 subshifts of finite type

In this work we consider several aspects of the thermodynamic formalism in a randomized setting. Let $X$ be a non-trivial mixing shift of finite type, and let $f : X \to \mathbb{R}$ be a H\"older continuous potential with associated Gibbs measure $\mu$. Further, fix a parameter $\alpha \in (0,1)$. For each $n \geq 1$, let $\mathcal{F}_n$ be a random subset of words of length $n$, where each word of length $n$ that appears in $X$ is included in $\mathcal{F}_n$ with probability $1-\alpha$ (and excluded with probability $\alpha$), independently of all other words. Then let $Y_n = Y(\mathcal{F}_n)$ be the random subshift of finite type obtained by forbidding the words in $\mathcal{F}_n$ from $X$. In our first main result, for $\alpha$ sufficiently close to $1$ and $n$ tending to infinity, we show that the pressure of $f$ on $Y_n$ converges in probability to the value $P_X(f) + \log(\alpha)$, where $P_X(f)$ is the pressure of $f$ on $X$. Additionally, let $H_n = H(\mathcal{F}_n)$ be the random hole in $X$ consisting of the union of the cylinder sets of the words in $\mathcal{F}_n$. For our second main result, for $\alpha$ sufficiently close to one and $n$ tending to infinity, we show that the escape rate of $\mu$-mass through $H_n$ converges in probability to the value $-\log(\alpha)$ as $n$ tends to infinity.
THE PITTSBURGH SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY Mg ii QUASAR ABSORPTION-LINE SURVEY CATALOG

We present a catalog of intervening Mg ii quasar absorption-line systems in the redshift interval 0.36 ⩽ z ⩽ 2.28. The catalog was built from Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release Four (SDSS DR4) quasar spectra. Currently, the catalog contains ∼17, 000 measured Mg ii doublets. We also present data on the ∼44, 600 quasar spectra which were searched to construct the catalog, including redshift and magnitude information, continuum-normalized spectra, and corresponding arrays of redshift-dependent minimum rest equivalent widths detectable at our confidence threshold. The catalog is available online. A careful second search of 500 random spectra indicated that, for every 100 spectra searched, approximately one significant Mg ii system was accidentally rejected. Current plans to expand the catalog beyond DR4 quasars are discussed. Many Mg ii absorbers are known to be associated with galaxies. Therefore, the combination of large size and well understood statistics makes this catalog ideal for precision studies of the low-ionization and neutral gas regions associated with galaxies at low to moderate redshift. An analysis of the statistics of Mg ii absorbers using this catalog will be presented in a subsequent paper.
Yoga Impacts Cognitive Health: Neurophysiological Changes and Stress Regulation Mechanisms

Yoga may improve cognition in older adults as the result of improved stress regulation and neurocognitive resource efficiency. Yoga, a physical and contemplative practice, offers the practitioner a unique mind-body exercise experience demonstrating preliminary efficacy in improving cognitive health. We examine the evidence for underlying mechanisms that explain the yoga-cognition relationship in healthy older adults. The cognitive benefits of yoga may be the result of improved stress regulation and neurocognitive resource efficiency that facilitate bidirectional brain-body communication.