Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chemical-Induced Animal Models Of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is referred as inflammatory and ulcerative disease of small and large intestine and comprises of two different but closely related disease, Crohn’s disease (CD) and Ulcerative colitis (UC), the conditions that result in chronic inflammation of small and/or large intestine. Pathophysiology of IBD involves oxidative stress, inflammation and immune responses, while etiology largely encompasses a compound interaction of genetic factor with environmental or microbial factors. Objective: Several chemical-induced colitis models are extensively employed on laboratory scale as they exactly mimic morphological, histopathological and symptomatical characters of human IBD. The current study focused on the methodology and rationale of exploiting numerous chemical-induced colitis models for assessing the pathogenesis of IBD. Method: Relevant literature covers advancement of different animal models produces novel understandings to reveal the initiation and the development of IBD therefore literature from numerous sources on the chemical agents such as Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS), Oxazolone, Dextran sodium sulphate (DSS), Acetic acid, Indomethacin, Carrageenan, Peptidoglycan-polysaccharide (PGPS), Immune complex/Formalin, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) have been recognized and compiled in this review. Results: The idea of the review is to discuss different models, which help to generate mechanisms underlying progression of IBD as well they are helpful to explore and test the potential of treatment drugs that might be useful in treating pathophysiological changes. The results obtained by the use of such models produce novel examples to investigate the drugs in patients; these models compliment and expand study in humans.
An Evaluation of the Enhanced Cognitive-Behavioral Model of Bulimia Nervosa in Iranian Student Women

Reza Moloodi (  re.moloodi@uswr.ac.ir ) Substance Abuse and Dependence Research Center, University of Social Welfare and rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Maryam Mahmoodi Department of Cellular Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetic, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zinat Mohammadpour Department of Cellular Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetic, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farnush Naghashian Department of Cellular Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetic, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Haniye Alasti Department of Health psychology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran Zahra babai Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Zeinab Saleh Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Paria Ahmadi Department of psychology, Faculty of psychology and social sciences, Islamic Azad University of Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran. Masoumeh Barani Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Adjoint Waveform Tomography of South America

We used 3D spectral‐element seismic wave simulations and data from 112 earthquakes and 1,311 seismic stations, totalizing 20,884 unique ray paths, to construct an adjoint waveform tomographic model of South America. We performed 23 conjugate‐gradient iterations using exponentiated phase (EP) measurements. Our final model (SAAM23, South American Adjoint Model—iteration 23) shows a 50% decrease in the EP misfit relative to its 3D starting model. We further assessed the phase misfit reduction by using cross‐correlation travel‐time measurements of 53 earthquakes not included in the inversion. We estimated SAAM23 resolution using point‐spread function tests and density coverage analysis. The Nazca Slab is well imaged and is shown to be continuous in the 300–500 km depth range. Beneath northern South America, the slab traverses the mantle transition zone and continues into the lower mantle. In the central and southern part of South America, the slab appears to flatten near the 650 km discontinuity before continuing into the lower mantle. In the stable Precambrian platform, both cratons (Amazonian and São Francisco), as well as covered cratonic blocks beneath the intracratonic Paraná and Parnaíba basins (Paranapanema and Parnaíba, respectively), show high velocities at lithospheric depths. The seismic Lithosphere/Asthenosphere boundary (LAB) agrees well with published values obtained by S‐wave receiver functions. In the Amazonian craton, the positive lithospheric S‐wave velocity anomalies and LAB depth increase with the average age of the geochronological provinces. No lithospheric high‐velocity anomalies were found beneath the Río de la Plata Craton.
Calculating Photometric Uncertainty

We present a standardized process for the Space Domain Awareness (SDA) community to calculate the photometric uncertainties of the instrumental and standard magnitudes. The SDA data providers currently each have their own approach to calculate the uncertainties of the instrumental and standard magnitudes, or do not report these values at all. The instrumental and standard magnitude uncertainties represent the precision of the data collected, an important measure of the quality of the photometry of Resident Space Objects (RSOs). The standardized process presented was developed from first principles of uncertainty propagation and standard astronomical techniques. We thoroughly reviewed the theoretical background on uncertainty propagation and standard astronomical techniques from the literature and combined these in order to derive expressions for the instrumental and standard magnitude uncertainties. We provide a detailed comparison between the instrumental magnitude uncertainties of the standard astronomical technique (Quadrature) and the Computer Calculation of Uncertainties method. Finally, we derive an expression for the standard magnitude uncertainty that can be used by the SDA community.
Analysis of risk factors for blood transfusion in preterm infants based on statistical analyses

In order to improve the analysis effect of risk factors for blood transfusion in preterm infants, this paper studies the natural gradient algorithm based on statistical analysis methods and analyzes the data processing effect of the algorithm. Moreover, this paper combines the analysis of risk factors for blood transfusion in preterm infants to build a factor analysis system based on statistical analysis algorithms and intelligent algorithms, and combines back propagation (BP) neural networks to build the statistical intelligence model. In addition, this paper designs experiments to verify the performance of the statistical intelligence model constructed in this paper, combines statistical methods to perform data processing, and analyzes experimental results through control experiments. From the experimental research results, it can be known that the statistical processing method of risk factors proposed in this paper has a certain effect. Simultaneously, through a large amount of data training research and analysis, it is confirmed that the system constructed in this paper has good data processing effects and can be applied to practice.
Institucionalización del aprendizaje-servicio en una universidad intercongregacional

La Universidad de Monterrey (UDEM) se ha caracterizado desde su fundación como una universidad orientada a la mejora de las condiciones de vida de la comunidad, por medio del servicio y la acción social. Se empezó el proceso de implementación del aprendizaje-servicio (ApS) a nivel licenciatura durante el 2012 y actualmente es obligatorio. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las relaciones interdepartamentales durante el proceso de institucionalización del ApS, considerando sus principios fundacionales y visión intercongregacional desde una perspectiva sociológica para la generación de un modelo replicable en contextos educativos de inspiración católica. Se analizan las relaciones de los actores que contribuyeron a la institucionalización interna, desde la teoría de la estructuración de Anthony Giddens mediante el análisis de sus interacciones interdepartamentales. Este análisis permite crear un modelo de operación interna para impulsar el ApS de forma transversal en la institución. Ello permite comprender y generar conocimiento basado en prácticas sociales recurrentes.
Pitfalls and Potential: An Attempt to Demystify Leveraged & Inverse Exchange-Traded Index Funds

The objective of this article is to simplify (but not oversimplify) and clarify some of the mathematical intricacies and nuances of the leveraged and inverse exchange-traded index funds. A plethora of such funds have come to market in the past couple of years, and their numbers continue to expand. According to a recent Bloomberg report, there are more than 115 leveraged ETFs with approximately $31 billion in assets under management. The three largest players dominating this niche are PowerShares, Direxion, and Rydex. This article was conceived based on the author’s knowledge of the use of leveraged and inverse ETFs, but without full knowledge of the workings of these types of funds (compounding, in particular). Needless to say, initial and ongoing education is critical. The author believes that with the proper understanding, risk tolerance, and investment objectives, leveraged and inverse ETFs may be profitable, albeit very short-term, vehicles. Armed with the understanding that in a trending and non-volatile period (with the direction of the trend having been chosen correctly), a total return from a leveraged or inverse ETF may be higher than the totals of the individual daily returns. Conversely, this prior concept goes out the window in a market characterized by volatility, where, just as easily (and sometimes more quickly), total returns from individual days’ returns might likely be more attractive than the cumulative return of the ETF over the same period. But, the author believes, this is the exception rather than the rule. These vehicles are designed based on a single day’s performance, and only investors sophisticated enough to fully understand their operation should transact in them.
Phosphorylation-Induced Ubiquitination and Degradation of PXR through CDK2-TRIM21 Axis

Pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily that is activated by a variety of endogenous metabolites or xenobiotics. Its downstream target genes are involved in metabolism, inflammation and processes closely related to cancer. However, the stability regulation of PXR protein resulting from post-translational modification is still largely undefined. In the present study, primary mouse hepatocytes, hepatoma HepG2 cells and HEK 293T cells were used to investigate gene expression and protein interactions. The role of kinases was evaluated by RNA interference and overexpression constructs with or without PXR phosphorylation site mutations. The activity of CYP3A4 and P-gp was determined by enzymatic and substrate accumulation assays. It was found that E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM21 mediates the ubiquitination and degradation of PXR and plays an important role in regulating the activity of PXR. On this basis, PXR phosphorylation-associated kinases were evaluated regarding regulation of the stability of PXR. We found cyclin dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) exclusively phosphorylates PXR at Ser350, promotes its disassociation with Hsp90/DNAJC7, and leads to subsequent TRIM21-mediated PXR ubiquitination and degradation. As well-known CDK inhibitors, dinaciclib and kenpaullone stabilize PXR and result in elevated expression and activity of PXR-targeted DMETs, including carboxylesterases, CYP3A4 and P-gp. The suppressed degradation of PXR by CDK2 inhibitors denotes dinaciclib-induced promotion of PXR-targeted genes. The findings of CDK2-mediated PXR degradation indicate a wide range of potential drug–drug interactions during clinical cancer therapy using CDK inhibitors and imply an alternative direction for the development of novel PXR antagonists.
Transcription–Replication Coordination

Transcription and replication are the two most essential processes that a cell does with its DNA: they allow cells to express the genomic content that is required for their functions and to create a perfect copy of this genomic information to pass on to the daughter cells. Nevertheless, these two processes are in a constant ambivalent relationship. When transcription and replication occupy the same regions, there is the possibility of conflicts between transcription and replication as transcription can impair DNA replication progression leading to increased DNA damage. Nevertheless, DNA replication origins are preferentially located in open chromatin next to actively transcribed regions, meaning that the possibility of conflicts is potentially an accepted incident for cells. Data in the literature point both towards the existence or not of coordination between these two processes to avoid the danger of collisions. Several reviews have been published on transcription–replication conflicts, but we focus here on the most recent findings that relate to how these two processes are coordinated in eukaryotes, considering advantages and disadvantages from coordination, how likely conflicts are at any given time, and which are their potential hotspots in the genome.
On Feasibility Conditions for Linear Interference Alignment over Cognitive Interference Channel: A DoF Analysis with Diversity Tradeoff

ABSTRACT In a multiple-antennas cognitive radio network, the rate of the primary link is maximized by water-filling power allocation along the spatial directions associated with the singular values of primary channel matrix. Due to transmitter power constraint, even when the primary user occupies the entire spectrum, some spatial opportunities remain that can be utilized by secondary users. This scheme is called opportunistic interference alignment (OIA). The feasibility issue of OIA in a general symbol-extended system considering the diversity tradeoff, in particular, is the topic that is considered in this paper. An outer bound on the achievable degrees of freedom and also a necessary condition on the feasibility of a multiuser OIA network are presented analytically. In the remaining parts of the paper, the diversity and rate tradeoff is considered. In order to achieve diversity, it is assumed that the paired nodes utilize a space-time coder before the OIA pre-coder. A closed-form relation is presented that relates the minimum achievable diversity to interference alignment quality and code rate.
Danske seniorers (65+) motiver og barrierer for fysisk aktivitet

The proportion of older adults is increasing in Denmark. At the same time physical activity is becoming an increasingly popular arena to prevent illness, promote health and increase life quality. This case study examined older adults’ (65-75 y) motives and barriers for participation in organised physical activity. Using a single embedded case study, we collected data through semi structured interviews and observation. The theoretical framework is Ryan & Deci’s Self-Determination Theory (SDT). Results of this study indicate that informants had several intrinsic and extrinsic motives. Among the extrinsic motives were better health, absence of illness, a good retirement and complying with social norms. A number of integrated and structural motives also exist: positive experience with sports, appropriate challenges, social interaction, diverse sports activities and freedom of choice. The older adults described barriers such as: difficult to self-initiate participation in sports, health related issues and lacking experiences with sports. Furthermore, the study discusses behaviour change triggers to stimulate healthy behaviour in old age using a revised FBM-model. In addition, organised physical activity that promotes satisfaction of the psychological needs is essential for the adherence. Based on the results and discussion, implications for practice are provided through recommendations on physical activity for older adults, based on organisation, activities and recruitment. Results of this study indicate that informants had several intrinsic and extrinsic motives. Among the extrinsic motives were better health, absence of illness, a good retirement and complying with social norms. A number of integrated and structural motives also exist positive experience with sports, appropriate challenges, social interaction, diverse sports activities and freedom of choice. The older adults described barriers such as: difficult to self-initiate participation in sports, health related issues and lacking experiences with sports. Furthermore, the study discusses behaviour change triggers to stimulate healthy behaviour in old age using a revised FBM-model. In addition, organised physical activity that promotes satisfaction of the psychological needs is essential for the adherence. Based on the results and discussion, implications for practice are provided through recommendations on physical activity for older adults, based on organisation, activities and recruitment.
Perdita del capitale sociale, responsabilità degli amministratori e quantificazione del danno risarcibile (Loss of Social Capital, Directors' Liability and Damages Quantification)

Si intendono esaminare in questa sede le piu recenti tendenze dottrinali e giurisprudenziali in tema di quantificazione del danno addebitabile agli amministratori che abbiano illegittimamente proseguito nella ordinaria gestione della societa, pur in presenza di una riduzione del capitale sociale tale da imporre una gestione meramente conservativa del patrimonio dai medesimi amministrato. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the latest doctrinal and jurisprudential trends about the amount of damages chargeable to directors who have unlawfully continued in the ordinary management of the company, despite a reduction of share capital that imposes a purely conservative management of the heritage administered by them.
Biomarkers in EndoVascular Aneurysm Repair (EVAR) and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Pathophysiology and Clinical Implications

Circulating biomarkers have been recently investigated among patients undergoing endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Considering the plethora of small descriptive studies reporting potential associations between biomarkers and clinical outcomes, this review aims to summarize the current literature considering both the treated disease (post EVAR) and the untreated disease (AAA before EVAR). All studies describing outcomes of tissue biomarkers in patients undergoing EVAR and in patients with AAA were included, and references were checked for additional sources. In the EVAR scenario, circulating interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a marker of inflammatory reaction which might predict postoperative morbidity; cystatin C is a promising early marker of post-procedural acute kidney injury; plasma matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) concentration after 3 months from EVAR might help in detecting post-procedural endoleak. This review also summarizes the current gaps in knowledge and future direction of this field of research. Among markers used in patients with AAA, galectin and granzyme appear to be promising and should be carefully investigated even in the EVAR setting. Larger prospective trials are required to establish and evaluate prognostic models with highest values with these markers.
≥+HOORDQGJRRGGD\WR\RXGHDU'U´ ¥ Greetings and closings in Supervisors-Supervisees Email Exchanges

Email is nowadays one of the fastest means of communication in academic settings like universities. Despite widespread email usage, lack of netiquette in institutionalised e-mail communication between students and faculty member is noted, in particular between students and their supervisors. Politeness and impoliteness in academic email greetings and closings has yet to receive the attention they deserve. The purpose of the present study is to examine the different norms of openings (greetings, salutations, forms of address) and closings, which Iranian Post-Graduate Students use to communicate with Malaysian academics in the University of Malaya. The result indicates that Iranian students while employing different forms of address pay more attention to greetings rather than closings.
UAS Demand Generation Using Subject Matter Expert Interviews and Socio-economic Analysis

Two approaches employed in developing traffic demand estimates for nineteen civilian and commercial applications (“missions”) of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) are described in this paper. The missions were sourced from RTCA’s DO-320 report and selected using two criteria: 1) UAS flights are operated within continental US (CONUS), and 2) the flights present the maximum potential for interaction with commercial airline traffic in CONUS. The first approach used input from subject matter experts (SMEs) via email and phone interviews to gather information on the state-of-the-art in conducting the missions, operationg costs, constraints involved, and regulatory, operational and economic challenges pertaining to the use of UAS. Information obtained from survey of scholarly literature and other publicly available data sources was used in conjunction with SME input. The second approach involved socio-economic analysis using the Transportation System Analysis Model (TSAM), and relied on socioeconomic data such as population census, demographic distribution and income distribution. The paper also presents a Java-based interactive computer tool to help users develop tailored traffic data from the demand estimates, using criteria such as geographic area of operation of UAS flights, cruise altitude, cruise speed and flight duration.
Measurement of Business Processes

To be able to manage the processes it is essential to possess information on the current progress of the processes as well as past performance. This requires to create for each process particular indicators that measure its performance. By comparing the past values of indicators the process owner may calculate the progress made in improving the quality of process. Most business processes are described by at least few measures, which may be on different levels and often may be expressed in different units. Using business intelligence systems, there is a need to express the performance of the process using a single complex indicator. The use of information technologies to manage processes makes it possible to automate many activities that previously were performed by the process owner. This paper presents the significance of business process management (BPM) as well as tools and methods supporting BPM. There are recommendations with regard to the design of process performance measures and proposition of the five aggregation function based on both compensatory and non-compensatory models, that may be used in business intelligence systems.