Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conformal symmetry inheritance in null fluid spacetimes

We define inheriting conformal Killing vectors for null fluid spacetimes and find the maximum dimension of the associated inheriting Lie algebra. We show that for non-conformally flat null fluid spacetimes, the maximum dimension of the inheriting algebra is seven and for conformally flat null fluid spacetimes the maximum dimension is eight. In addition, it is shown that there are two distinct classes of non-conformally flat generalized plane wave spacetimes which possess the maximum dimension, and one class in the conformally flat case.
Electronic properties of nanoscale silver crystals at the interface of silver thick film contacts on n-type silicon

Silver crystals at the interface of silver thick film contacts play a major role for the current transport across such contacts. As only few crystals are in direct contact with the contact bulk, the specific contact resistance needs to be orders of magnitude smaller compared to the specific contact resistance of the entire contact, if no other current transport mechanism is present. To clarify the current transport mechanism, we present microscopic IV-measurements on a single silver crystal to determine its specific contact resistance to the silicon. We find satisfactory agreement with theoretical values and can explain the macroscopic contact resistance.
Existence, uniqueness, and global regularity for degenerate elliptic obstacle problems in mathematical finance

The Heston stochastic volatility process, which is widely used as an asset price model in mathematical finance, is a paradigm for a degenerate diffusion process where the degeneracy in the diffusion coefficient is proportional to the square root of the distance to the boundary of the half-plane. The generator of this process with killing, called the elliptic Heston operator, is a second-order degenerate elliptic partial differential operator whose coefficients have linear growth in the spatial variables and where the degeneracy in the operator symbol is proportional to the distance to the boundary of the half-plane. With the aid of weighted Sobolev spaces, we prove existence, uniqueness, and global regularity of solutions to stationary variational inequalities and obstacle problems for the elliptic Heston operator on unbounded subdomains of the half-plane. In mathematical finance, solutions to obstacle problems for the elliptic Heston operator correspond to value functions for perpetual American-style options on the underlying asset.
Associations between 24-h Movement Behavior and Internet Addiction in Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationship between 24-h activity behavior and Chinese adolescents’ Internet addiction. Methods: A survey of 2045 adolescents (56.5% boys) was conducted, and adolescents’ 24-h movement behavior and Internet addiction were measured via a questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the basic situation of the respondents; chi-square analysis was used to compare gender differences, and logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between 24-h exercise guide entries and Internet addiction. Results: From the number of 24-h movement behavior guides, 25.3% of the children did not meet the recommended amount of any kind of activity behavior guide, while 50.4% and 21.7% of the children reached the recommended amount of one and two activity behavior guidelines, respectively; only 3.2% of the children met the recommended amount of all three activity behavior guidelines. Adolescents who did not meet the recommended 24-h activity behavior guidelines were more likely to have Internet addiction (OR = 8.46, 95 CI = 3.06–23.36), and were more likely to have one item (OR = 4.50, 95 CI = 1.64–12.39) or two items (OR = 3.12, 95 CI = 1.11–8.74). Conclusions: Physical activity, static behavior, and sleep may all have a greater impact on adolescents’ Internet addiction, among which physical activity has a greater impact on adolescents’ Internet addiction. Different combinations of 24-h movement behavior have different effects on adolescents’ Internet addiction.
Thin-film peeling-the elastic term

An energy balance shows that the force required to peel an elastic film from a rigid substrate depends not only on the adhesive surface energy but also on an elastic deformation term. This elastic term, tending to reduce the adhesion force, can only be significant in two instances: for materials which can support stresses approaching the elastic modulus without fracturing, and for very small peel angles. Experiments using rubber peeling from glass over a range of peel angles support the theory.
Changes in Neuromuscular Response Patterns After 4 Weeks of Leg Press Training During Isokinetic Leg Extensions

Abstract Salmon, OF, Housh, TJ, Hill, EC, Keller, JL, Anders, JPV, Johnson, GO, Schmidt, RJ, and Smith, CM. Changes in neuromuscular response patterns after 4 weeks of leg press training during isokinetic leg extensions. J Strength Cond Res 37(7): e405–e412, 2023—The purpose of this study was to identify velocity-specific changes in electromyographic root mean square (EMG RMS), EMG frequency (EMG MPF), mechanomyographic RMS (MMG RMS), and MMG MPF during maximal unilateral isokinetic muscle actions performed at 60° and 240°·s−1 velocities within the right and left vastus lateralis (VL) after 4 weeks of dynamic constant external resistance (DCER) bilateral leg press training. Twelve resistance-trained men (age: mean ± SD = 21.4 ± 3.6 years) visited the laboratory 3d·wk−1 to perform resistance training consisting of 3 sets of 10 DCER leg presses. Four, three-way analysis of variance were performed to evaluate changes in neuromuscular responses (EMG RMS, EMG MPF, MMG RMS, and MMG MPF) from the right and left VL during 1 single-leg maximal isokinetic leg extension performed at 60° and 240°·s−1 before and after 4 weeks of DCER leg press training (p < 0.05). The results indicated a 36% increase in EMG RMS for the right leg, as well as a 23% increase in MMG RMS and 10% decrease in MMG MPF after training, collapsed across velocity and leg. In addition, EMG RMS was 65% greater in the right leg than the left leg following training, whereas EMG MPF was 11% greater for the left leg than the right leg throughout training. Thus, 4 weeks of DCER leg press training provides sufficient stimuli to alter the neuromuscular activation process of the VL but not velocity-specific neuromuscular adaptations in trained males.
Fifty years of progress in speech and speaker recognition

Speech and speaker recognition technology has made very significant progress in the past 50 years. The progress can be summarized by the following changes: (1) from template matching to corpus‐base statistical modeling, e.g., HMM and n‐grams, (2) from filter bank/spectral resonance to Cepstral features (Cepstrum + DCepstrum + DDCepstrum), (3) from heuristic time‐normalization to DTW/DP matching, (4) from gdistanceh‐based to likelihood‐based methods, (5) from maximum likelihood to discriminative approach, e.g., MCE/GPD and MMI, (6) from isolated word to continuous speech recognition, (7) from small vocabulary to large vocabulary recognition, (8) from context‐independent units to context‐dependent units for recognition, (9) from clean speech to noisy/telephone speech recognition, (10) from single speaker to speaker‐independent/adaptive recognition, (11) from monologue to dialogue/conversation recognition, (12) from read speech to spontaneous speech recognition, (13) from recognition to understanding, (14) from single‐modality (audio signal only) to multi‐modal (audio/visual) speech recognition, (15) from hardware recognizer to software recognizer, and (16) from no commercial application to many practical commercial applications. Most of these advances have taken place in both the fields of speech recognition and speaker recognition. The majority of technological changes have been directed toward the purpose of increasing robustness of recognition, including many other additional important techniques not noted above.
Climate‐driven vegetation greening further reduces water availability in drylands

Climate change alters surface water availability (WA; precipitation minus evapotranspiration, P − ET) and consequently impacts agricultural production and societal water needs, leading to increasing concerns on the sustainability of water use. Although the direct effects of climate change on WA have long been recognized and assessed, indirect climate effects occurring through adjustments in terrestrial vegetation are more subtle and not yet fully quantified. To address this knowledge gap, here we investigate the interplay between climate‐induced changes in leaf area index (LAI) and ET and quantify its ultimate effect on WA during the period 1982–2016 at the global scale, using an ensemble of data‐driven products and land surface models. We show that ~44% of the global vegetated land has experienced a significant increase in growing season‐averaged LAI and climate change explains 33.5% of this greening signal. Such climate‐induced greening has enhanced ET of 0.051 ± 0.067 mm year−2 (mean ± SD), further amplifying the ongoing increase in ET directly driven by variations in climatic factors over 36.8% of the globe, and thus exacerbating the decline in WA prominently in drylands. These findings highlight the indirect impact of positive feedbacks in the land–climate system on the decline of WA, and call for an in‐depth evaluation of these phenomena in the design of local mitigation and adaptation plans.
Silicon increases seed weight and initial seedling growth of maize under non-stress conditions, and improves the index of velocity of germination under salt stress conditions

Salinity is one of the most critical factors affecting agriculture worldwide. The application of beneficial elements like silicon (Si) is one of the alternatives to mitigate its effects. In this research, we evaluated the effect of Si applied during seed imbibition on mitigating the negative effects caused by salinity during the germination and initial growth phases of maize (Zea mays L.) SB-308 seedlings. Seed pre-treatment during the imbibition was made with 0.0-, 1.5- and 3.0-mM Si. Afterwards, seeds that were imbibed were placed in plastic containers and treated with 0, 80, 160, and 240 mM NaCl. The evaluated concentrations of Si and NaCl gave rise to 12 treatments. Pre-treated seeds with 3 mM Si had an increase of weight after imbibition, 5.1% higher than the control. The treatments obtained from combining NaCl and Si levels did not affect the total and relative germination. The radicle length increased by 13.6% with 3 mM Si compared to the control. Conversely, it was lower with increasing salinity. These trends were observed in plant height. The interaction of the study factors produced an increase in the radicle length in the interval from 0 to 160 mM NaCl, when the Si dose was increased. However, there were no significant differences among equal levels of salinity without Si. It is concluded that Si increased the absorption of water during the imbibition and raised the index of velocity of germination under salinity, except in the dose 240 mM NaCl. Likewise, the pre-treatment of seeds with Si tends to increase radicle length under saline conditions.
Mercury Exposure and Habitat Fragmentation Affect the Movement, Foraging Behavior, and Search Efficiency of the Marsh Periwinkle (Littorina irrorata)

The interactions between habitat fragmentation and other stressors are considered a key knowledge gap. The present study tested the hypotheses that mercury enhances the effects of fragmentation by (1) reducing the cumulative daily movement of organisms, (2) shifting their foraging behavior, and (3) altering the vertical movement of the marsh periwinkle (Littoraria irrorata) in a field experiment. Random walk simulations were used to access how changes in movement affect the search efficiency of organisms in the long term. Eighteen 1.5 m2 plots were constructed in a salt marsh where landscapes characteristics were manipulated to reach three different levels of habitat cover. Daily movement of 12 marked control and mercury‐exposed snails were measured in each plot. Bayesian models were used to analyze the data and evidence ratios were used to test the hypotheses. The results showed that the effects of fragmentation were consistent in both control and exposed treatments, with an increase in the cumulative displacement of organisms. However, mercury significantly reduced the movement of organisms in all levels of fragmentation, shifting their foraging behavior (evidence ratio > 1000). Exposed snails were more likely to be found inactive in comparison with the control treatment (evidence ratio > 1000). Fragmentation also reduced the vertical movement of organisms in both treatments. In contrast, mercury increased the vertical movement of organisms (evidence ratio > 1000). The search efficiency of organisms also increased in a highly fragmentated landscape, suggesting that changes in foraging behavior are likely due to reduced resources and consequently increase in foraging effort. The present study shows that mercury exposure can enhance the effects of habitat fragmentation by changing organisms’ movement, foraging behavior, and search efficiency. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1971–1981. © 2022 SETAC
High dynamic, spectral, and polarized natural light environment acquisition

In the field of image synthesis, the simulation of material's appearance requires a rigorous resolution of the light transport equation. This implies taking into account all the elements that may have an influence on the spectral radiance, and that are perceived by the human eye. Obviously, the reflectance properties of the materials have a major impact in the calculations, but other significant properties of light such as spectral distribution and polarization must also be taken into account, in order to expect correct results. Unfortunately real maps of the polarized or spectral environment corresponding to a real sky do not exist. Therefore, it seemed necessary to focus our work on capturing such data, in order to have a system that qualifies all the properties of light and capable of powering simulations in a renderer software. As a consequence, in this work, we develop and characterize a device designed to capture the entire light environment, by taking into account both the dynamic range of the spectral distribution and the polarization states, in a measurement time of less than two minutes. We propose a data format inspired by polarimetric imaging and fitted for a spectral rendering engine, which exploits the "Stokes-Mueller formalism. "
Atypical Legionella GTPase effector hijacks host vesicular transport factor p115 to regulate host lipid droplet

The intracellular bacterial pathogen Legionella pneumophila uses hundreds of effector proteins to manipulate multiple processes of the host cells to establish a replicative niche known as Legionella-containing vacuole (LCV). Biogenesis of the LCV has been known to depend on host small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases), but whether bacterial effector GTPases are also involved remains unknown. Here, we show that an ankyrin repeat containing effector LegA15 localizes directly in host lipid droplets (LDs), leading to Golgi apparatus fragmentation of the host cells by hijacking the host vesicular transport factor p115. LegA15 is a GTPase with a unique catalytic mechanism, unlike any eukaryotic small GTPases. Moreover, the effector LegA15 co-opts p115 to modulate homeostasis of the host LDs in its GTPase-dependent manner. Together, our data reveal that an atypical GTPase effector regulates the host LDs through impeding the vesicle secretion system of the host cells for intracellular life cycle of Legionella.
Time optimal trajectory planning of manipulator based on annealing-particle swarm optimization algorithm

Aiming at completing the time optimal trajectory planning of 6-DOF manipulator, a time optimal 3-5-3 piecewise polynomial interpolation trajectory planning algorithm based on annealing-particle swarm optimization algorithm (SAPSO) is proposed. The 3-5-3 piecewise polynomial interpolation method divides the trajectory of the manipulator into three segments. The first, second and third sections adopt cubic polynomial interpolation, quintic polynomial interpolation and cubic polynomial interpolation respectively. Firstly, four interpolation points are set, and the 6-DOF manipulator is interpolated by 3-5-3-degree polynomial. Then, the angle, angular velocity and angular acceleration of each joint of the manipulator are taken as constraint parameters, and the shortest running time of the manipulator is taken as project to be optimized, and SAPSO is used for optimization. Finally, the MATLAB simulation results show that SAPSO has higher accuracy and speed in the process of finding the shortest running time of the manipulator than PSO. At the same time, each joint is relatively stable in the running process.
Numerical simulations of Lewis number effects in turbulent premixed flames

The structure of a premixed flame front propagating in a region of two-dimensional turbulence is investigated using full numerical simulation including heat release, variable properties, and one-step Arrhenius chemistry. The influence of reactant Lewis number (Le = ratio of thermal to species diffusivity) is reported for Le = 0.8, Le = 1.0, and Le = 1.2 flames. Local flame behaviour is described by comparing the local instantaneous turbulent flame structure (local consumption rate of reactants) to the steady one-dimensional laminar flame structure for the same thermochemical parameters. Statistics of flame front strain rates and curvature are calculated and global quantities of interest in modelling (flame surface area, mean reactant consumption rate per unit area of flame, and turbulent flame speed) are reported. Principal findings are: that probability density functions (p.d.f.s) of flame curvature are nearly symmetric about a near-zero mean; that the flame tends to align preferentially with extensive tangential strain rates; that the local flame structure of the non-unity Lewis number flames correlates more strongly with local flame curvature than with tangential strain rate; that the mean consumption rate per unit area is relatively insensitive to curvature and is controlled by the mean tangential strain rate; and, that more flame area is generated for Le < 1 than for Le > 1. Implications of the results for flamelet models of turbulent premixed combustion are discussed.
Effect of Stacking Disorder on the Orientational Ordering Transition of Solid C60

We determine the nature of stacking disorder in C60 by comparing x-ray powder diffraction patterns to simulated patterns of disordered crystals produced by a Monte Carlo method. Several samples have been specially prepared by rapid precipitation to have small grain size and significant stacking disorder. The diffraction patterns of these samples are well described by considering the density of one-dimensional disorder and the crystallite size. We give evidence and propose an explanation for the correlation found between stacking disorder and the appearance of new structure in the DSC endotherm of the C60 orientational ordering transition, a phenomenon often observed for C60 samples and not previously well understood.
The Influence of Transparency and Disclosure on the Valuation of Banks in India: The Moderating Effect of Environmental, Social, and Governance Variables, Shareholder Activism, and Market Power

Research on the impact of transparency and disclosures (TD) on the firm’s valuation presents an ambiguous result. The effect of disclosure on value is a concern because disclosure is not an economic activity. It grows further due to the embellishment of positive disclosures and the suppression of hostile facts. This situation has motivated the authors to conduct the current research. The study aims to empirically find the influence of TD on the valuation of banks in India while the Environmental, Social, and Governance Index (esgi), Shareholder activism index (shai), and Lerner Index (li) act as moderators. A panel data regression (PDR) is adopted to analyse the data in the study. Panel data for 31 public/private banks for ten years (2010–2019) are collated. The authors used econometric models to understand the linear, quadratic, and interaction association of Transparency and Disclosure (TD) with the valuation of the banks in India. It is empirically found that TD alone does not impact the valuation of banks but is positively associated with a bank’s value under the influence of the moderators, Environmental, Social, and Governance variables (esgi), and shareholder activism (shai).
Novel Scalable Metasurface Control System

A low cost controller was designed, simulated and tested in order to meet the requirements of bias control for active metasurfaces. The controller was required to set the bias elements on arbitrary metasurface designs containing both PIN Diodes and Varactors. This controller has a distributed architecture allowing it to be scaled to any metasurface required, while being easy to integrate into future metasurface designs. Programmatic control was achieved through a Python script in the same environment as test and measurement equipment, allowing for a fully automated experimentation setup. This controller was then applied to the beam steering of a metasurface, and control was demonstrated in real time. New applications are made possible by the low cost and ease of integration.
Critical Bandwidth and the Frequency Coordinates of the Basilar Membrane

Masked audiograms were used to measure critical bandwidth. On the assumption that critical bands represent equal distances on the basilar membrane and that critical bandwidth increases exponentially with distance from the helicotrema, functions were derived which (1) relate critical bandwidth to frequency and to position on the basilar membrane and (2) relate position of maximum amplitude to frequency. The functions are consistent with Bekesy's optical observations and Mayer's psychophysical data. The frequency‐position function is f = A (10ax − 1). The coefficient a is numerically identical with the coefficient in the exponential function fitting Bekesy's elasticity data. Functions of this form fit data from seven other species and the values of the coefficient a seem related to their respective elasticity, functions The interpretation of critical bandwidth as the frequency interval over which the cochlea sums power is supported by data of Mayer, and the hypothesis that critical bands represent equal dis.
Research on multimodal depression detection method based on BiGRU and BiLSTM

Depression is one of the most common mental illnesses in the world today. Unlike anxiety in daily life, depression is often accompanied by prolonged low mood, slow thinking, unresponsiveness and difficulty in self-regulation. In severe cases, it can affect life and even lead to death. In this paper, a multimodal depression classification model based on BiGRU and BiLSTM is proposed in the publicly available Chinese dataset EATD-Corpus. Audio and text features are extracted using the vggish model and elmo respectively. The features are not fused. After the audio and text features are trained separately for detection, BiGRU and BiLSTM are adaptively weighted and fused to detect depression. The method has a precision value of 0.66, an F1-score value of 0.77 and a recall value of 0.97. The experimental results show that the performance of the method has been improved.