Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Neural Recording IC Design with on-chip CMOS Electrode Array for Brain-machine Interface

This paper presents an integrated circuit design for neural recording chip with integrated CMOS electrode array. The implementation of on-chip electrode array can greatly improve the implantability of neural recording systems. The chip is mainly composed of a neural recording analog front end and an $8\times 8$ microelectrode array designed in CMOS process technology. The analog front end of the neural recording circuit adopts chopper technique, which effectively reduces the low-frequency noise. The whole circuit has been designed in Cadence using the SMIC 180-nm CMOS process. The simulation results show that the signal with a frequency ranging from 0-2kHz and the amplitude ranging from $0-500 \ \mu \mathrm{V}$ can be independently recorded through the electrodes with a control terminal. The electrode array and the recording analog front end IC are partly overlapped using different metal layers, saving the chip area. The chip area of the final circuit with 64 electrodes is only 1400 $\mu \mathrm{m}\times 760 \ \mu \mathrm{m}$.
A High-Time-Resolution Time-to-Digital Converter Using Coupled Ring Oscillator with Phase Averaging

This paper proposes a high-time-resolution time to digital converter (TDC) using a coupled ring oscillator (CRO) with phase averaging. The CRO can generate short time interval multiphase clocks, and combining it with a counter enables a high-time-resolution TDC with a wide input range and relatively small circuitry. In addition, the application of phase averaging to the CRO reduces the timing error due to mismatch. A novel sampling technique is also proposed to eliminate the sampling error due to counter delay and glitches. Post-layout simulations were performed on a 10-bit TDC in 28-nm CMOS technology to evaluate the performance of the proposed TDC. The results showed that the high time resolution of 2.5 ps and low power dissipation of 15.6 m W at the sampling frequency of 350 MHz could be obtained, along with the FOM of 0.083 pJ/conv. -step.
An Overview of RF and Microwave Research in Latin America: Scanning Latin American Research on Microwaves

We present, in this article, an up-to-date general and brief scan of the main research activities in RF and microwaves in Latin America. First, we geographically identify the main research and development clusters in RF and microwaves in this large region of the world. We next describe the most recent and representative research work developed in the most active Latin American countries in this technical field, namely, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, and Puerto Rico. To develop this updated survey of RF and microwaves in Latin America, we started by considering previous similar reviews available in the literature <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1">[1]</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref2">[2]</xref>, including some focused on specific Latin American countries <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref3">[3]</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref4">[4]</xref>. In our review, we essentially focus on the past five or six years of scientific research production. Given the synergistic relationship between the IEEE Microwave Theory and Technology Society (MTT-S) and the level of activities and maturity in RF and microwaves, we finalize our article by summarizing the status as well as the main challenges and opportunities for the MTT-S in Latin America.
Total Dose and Single Event Effects on 16 Mbit Standalone Spin-Transfer Torque MRAM with 45 nm CMOS Technology

Magnetic Random Access Memory (MRAM) is regarded as one of the most promising memory solutions for space missions since the storage mechanism of magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) as the memory unit is naturally insensitive to the radiation effects. For the application of highly reliable MRAM. , the total dose and ion beam radiation responses of a commercial STT-MRAM are evaluated in this work. The results indicate that MTJ is inherently radiation tolerant, while the peripheral circuit exhibits soft errors during ion beam irradiation. We analyze the single event effect (SEE) and look into the soft errors caused by the single event upset (SEU). Finally, considering the special STT-MRAM architecture, possible inducements of the experimental phenomena are discussed.
The Mathematical Model of the Internet of Things Traffic Servicing in Case of its Impulse Nature

The article is devoted to the analysis of long-range Internet of Things technologies and the use of mathematical modeling to evaluate their characteristics. The Internet of Things is increasingly used in modern society. Automation of routine processes can reduce costs, increase production, and make people's lives more comfortable and safer. When implementing Internet of Things solutions, mobile operators actively use their networks and special technologies for machine-to-machine interaction. However, there is a problem of resource sharing between subscribers and smart devices. In order to optimally distribute frequency channels between these two categories of users, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of traffic transmission for each of them. To solve this problem, mathematical modeling should be used. In the article, the main long-range technologies are considered, the mathematical model of an LTE network cell and the main indicators of the quality of its functioning are given. Numerical experiments in case of impulse nature of the traffic are carried out.
Improved multi-target radar TBD algorithm

Considering radar detection for multi-target recognition, a track before detect (TBD) algorithm based on Hough transform is adopted for identifying and tracking multi-target radar. By increasing the dimensions of the target characteristic parameters, the target detection and track accuracy is increased. Also, by multilevel filtering processing, the diverging points of the echo signal are condensed, which improves the performance of identifying and tracking multiple targets. Simulation results show that compared with traditional TBD algorithms, the presented algorithm has better performance in the aspects of multi-target tracking, detecting and distinguishing. c 1990-2011 Beijing Institute of Aerospace Information.
Modeling and Simulation Challenges and Solutions in Cooling Systems for Nanoscale Integrated Circuits[Feature]

The power density in modern Integrated Circuits (ICs) is tremendous. For example, Multi-Processor Systems-on-Chip (MPSoCs) nowadays undergo temperature swings of 40 degrees in 100 milliseconds or less, with rapidly emerging and vanishing sub-millimeter hot spots. As such, not only a simulation-based cooling assessment is vital, but one has to simulate the on-chip thermal phenomena jointly with the heat dissipation system - historically, a challenge. In recent years, however, the idea of coupling traditional 3D chip simulators with heat dissipation models written in Equation-Based Modeling (EBM) languages has proven to be a game changer. EBM languages allow one to compose a model by assembling components described in terms of Differential and Algebraic Equations (DAE) and have the simulation code generated automatically. In this article, we take a tutorial viewpoint on the matter just sketched, to put the reader in the position of exploiting the above technology. We also present the first nucleus of a model library for cooling systems, that we release as free software for the scientific and engineering community.
Digital Position Control System With a BLDC Motor Using Field Oriented Control

Historically, and especially in recent years, there has been a significant need in the industry for powerful actuators in a smaller size, with cost efficiency also being an important factor. Brushless DC motor (BLDC), with higher efficiency than an induction motor, lesser need for maintenance compared to a DC motor, and lower price than an equivalent synchronous motor, has become a particularly popular choice. In the industry the BLDC is very often used as a servo motor for the control of the rotor position angle. In this paper a system for position control of a BLDC, using field oriented control (FOC) is presented. Firstly, the normalized d-q model of the motor and the parameters of the controllers in the system are determined, after which the control system is modelled using MATLAB/Simulink, and the torque and position angle responses are analyzed.
Design and Implementation of a Low Power Switched-Capacitor-Based Analog Feature Extractor for Voice Keyword Spotting

A low-power keyword spotting (KWS) is demanding for the smart human-device interface. The conventional analog feature extractor utilizes an analog filter bank that consumes large power and area. This paper presents a KWS with a low-power switched-capacitor-based feature extractor. The feature extractor employs two pipelining time-domain convolutional neural networks (TD-CNNs) to extract sufficient features for KWS. The TD-CNNs utilize sparsity aware computation (SAC) and sparsified quantization (SQ) for a 4-bit weight quantization. The features are quantized to 2-bit for further classification by an off-chip deep neural network. The analog feature extractor is designed in a 55-nm CMOS process and post-layout simulation is provided. It consumes 4.4 µW at a 1.2-V power supply, with an area of 0.39 mm2. It achieves an accuracy of 92.2% for the google command dataset (GSCD) with five classes.
Year-round dengue fever in Pakistan, highlighting the surge amidst ongoing flood havoc and the COVID-19 pandemic: a comprehensive review

Dengue fever (DF) is an arthropod-borne viral infection caused by four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV 1–4) transmitted to the host by the vector mosquito Aedes, which causes fever, vomiting, headache, joint pain, muscle pain, and a distinctive itching and skin rash, ultimately leading to dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. The first case of DF in Pakistan was documented in 1994, but outbreak patterns began in 2005. As of 20 August 2022, Pakistan has 875 confirmed cases, raising alarming concerns. Misdiagnosis due to mutual symptoms, lack of an effective vaccine, the weakened and overburdened health system of Pakistan, irrational urbanization, climate change in Pakistan, insufficient waste management system, and a lack of awareness are the significant challenges Pakistan faces and result in recurrent dengue outbreaks every year. The recent flood in Pakistan has caused massive destruction, and stagnant dirty water has facilitated mosquito breeding. Sanitization and spraying, proper waste management, an adequate and advanced diagnostic system, control of population size, public awareness, and promotion of medical research and global collaboration, especially amidst flood devastation, are recommended to combat this deadly infection in Pakistan. This article aims to comprehensively review the year-round DF in Pakistan, highlighting the surge amidst ongoing flood havoc and the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.
Linear quadratic optimal sampled data control of linear systems with unknown switched modes and stochastic disturbances

It is nontrivial to control a dynamic system that is switched consistently with a completely unknown switched modes. This problem is further complicated if the system is subject to stochastic disturbance. This paper studies the linear quadratic optimal control problem of linear continuous systems with stochastic disturbance and unknown switched process. By integrating one‐step adaptive estimator with optimal control theory, a linear quadratic optimal stabilization controller based on sampled feedback is developed for systems that are continuous in nature yet switched consistently with unknown modes. It is shown that with the proposed control scheme, both parameter estimate error and system stabilization error are ensured to be bounded, and the existence of the upper bound is explicitly confirmed. The results compliment and extend the existing works on digital feedback control of switched linear continuous systems with unknown switched processes and stochastic disturbances. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predefined Time Synchronization of Multi-Agent Systems: A Passivity Based Analysis

This paper deals with the predefined-time synchronization for a class of nonlinear multi-agent systems. The notion of passivity is exploited to design the controller for predefined-time synchronization of a nonlinear multi-agent system, where the time of synchronization can be preassigned. Developed control can be used to synchronize large-scale, higher-order multi-agent systems as passivity is an important property in designing control for complex control systems, where the control inputs and outputs are considered in determining the stability of the system in contrast to other approaches, such as state-based Control We introduced the notion of predefined-time passivity and as an application of the exposed stability analysis, static and adaptive predefined-time control algorithms are designed to study the average consensus problem for nonlinear leaderless multiagent systems in predefined-time. We provide a detailed mathematical analysis of the proposed protocol, including convergence proof and stability analysis. We discussed the tracking problem for a single agent, and designed state feedback and adaptive state feedback control scheme to make tracking error predefined-time passive and then showed that in the absence of external input, tracking error reduces to zero in predefined-time. Furthermore, we extended this concept for a nonlinear multi-agent system and designed state feedback and adaptive state feedback control scheme which ensure synchronization of all the agents in predefined-time. To further strengthen the idea, we applied our control scheme to a nonlinear multi-agent system by taking the example of Chua’s circuit. Finally, we compared the result of our developed predefined-time synchronization framework with finite-time synchronization scheme available in literature for the Kuramoto model.
Thermodynamieally Consistent Phase-field ModelsOf Solidification Processes

Diffuse interface models of nonisothermal solidification of a pure substance in an undercooled melt are reconsidered in the frame of Extended Irreversible Thermodynamics. The gradient terms are allowed not only in the free energy and entropy densities but also in the internal energy density. Requiring the local entropy production to be nonnegative we derive a oneparameter family of field equations for the nonconserved order parameter coupled to the heat conduction. The meaning of the above gradient terms is clarified by considering stable and metastable two-phase equilibria. For nonisothermal growth processes we present some asymptotic results concerning the corresponding sharp interface models. The latter models are explored to analyze the effect of the gradient terms on kinetics of nonisothermal growth.
Crowdsourcing and its applications to ophthalmology

ABSTRACT Introduction The aim of this study was to review the literature on the application of crowdsourcing in the field of ophthalmology. As the concept of crowdsourcing continues to receive interest, this review describes an analysis of the benefits, limitations, and future directions of crowdsourcing in the context of specific cases. A search of major research databases was performed to identify articles with specific reference to crowdsourcing within the field of ophthalmology. Seventeen total studies used crowdsourcing in a branch of ophthalmology. Crowdsourcing was used in three capacities: evaluation of ophthalmic imaging, collection of data, and assessment of surgery or surgical outcomes. Crowdsourcing holds the potential for rapid, economic data processing and reducing the task burden on experts. The main limitation of crowdsourcing is the potential for error due to inexperience of lay assessors. Areas covered Crowdsourcing was applied in three capacities: evaluation of ophthalmic imaging, collection of data, and assessment of surgery or surgical outcomes. Expert opinion Crowdsourcing has been utilized within ophthalmology and holds potential for rapid, economical data processing and reducing task burden on experts. While the use of crowdsourcing may still be nascent, prior reports indicate promise. This report aims to show how crowdsourcing has been applied in ophthalmology. The main limitation of crowdsourcing has been the potential for error due to lay assessor inexperience, though a potential solution is to use trained assessors. We hope to highlight the past, present, and future of crowdsourcing within ophthalmology through this comprehensive review.
Effects of Diazinon Exposure on Urinary Shedding of Leptospira interrogans Serogroup Hebdomadis in Mice

Wild rodents are natural hosts of Leptospira spp. and are exposed to various pesticides, some of which are immunotoxic. Rodent urine is an important source of infection for humans and other animals. We evaluated the effects of pesticide exposure on Leptospira growth in mice. Diazinon, at doses of 0.2, 1, and 5 mg/kg/day, was orally administered continuously to mice infected with Leptospira interrogans serogroup Hebdomadis for 32 days. The numbers of L. interrogans in urine and kidney tissues were significantly lower in mice exposed to 5 mg/kg/day diazinon than in unexposed mice (p < 0.05). The urinary concentration of 2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinol, the metabolite of diazinon, was comparable with the concentration at which viability of L. interrogans was decreased in in vitro assay, suggesting that it had toxic effects on L. interrogans in the proximal renal tubules. Diazinon exposure reinforced Leptospira-induced expression of inflammatory cytokine genes in kidney tissues, and an enhanced immune system might suppress Leptospira growth. These results suggest that diazinon exposure may not increase the risk of Leptospira transmission to humans through mice. This novel study evaluated the relationship between pesticide exposure and Leptospira infection in mice, and the results could be useful for risk assessment of leptospirosis.
Noncollocated Proprioceptive Sensing for Lightweight Flexible Robotic Manipulators

This article presents the design of a noncollocated feedback system for flexible serial manipulators. The device is a passive serial chain of encoders and lightweight links, mounted in parallel with the manipulator. This measuring arm effectively decouples the manipulator's proprioception from its actuators by providing information on the actual end effector pose, accounting for both joint and link flexibility. The kinematic redundancy of the measuring chain allows for safe operation in the context of human–robot interaction. A simple yet effective error model is introduced to assess the suitability of the proposed sensor system in the context of robotic control. The practicality of the device is first demonstrated by building a physical joint-encoder assembly and a simplified planar measuring arm prototype. With this additional feedback, a task-space position controller is devised and tested in simulation. Finally, the simulation results are validated with an experimental 3-DoF lightweight manipulator prototype equipped with a five-joint measuring arm.
Comparison of the CMT Test Results Carried Out on Camels and Bovines

Subclinical intra-mammary infection is a very current disease in dairy females; several early tests exist for their detection: California Mastitis Test (CMT), Electrical Conductimetry of milk (CE), pH indicator papers. In this study, the milk of 104 cows (416 quarters) was tested using CMT (Raidex®) to first estimate the prevalence of the disease and to identify the effect of age, stage of lactation and position of neighborhoods on its prevalence; second, we looked for data related to camels from another study carried out on 57 camels (in Algiers (ENVH), starting with the hypothesis that the camel is more resistant. The prevalence rate (CMT > 1) is around 45% for cows and 15% for quarters. The study conducted in Algiers yielded a rate of 67% (for camels and 35% for quarters, i.e., an increase of 130% for quarters and 50% for animals. Our study emphasizes the impact of the last stage of lactation compared to the first (35% vs. 15%), which is in agreement with the other study; on the other hand, the effect of the posterior position of the teats and age was contradictory. The differences between the rates were not significant at p < 0.05 between neither the animals or quarters (Chi 2: 53.24 and 71.41).
The Influence of the Motivational Factors on Work Performance

The employee motivation at the organizational level is naturally quantified in achieving performance goals. In this paper are studied the motivational factors from the perspective of employee work performance reflected, vertically, in the organizational performance and further in the macroeconomic performance. Using an empirical study in which the observed data were obtained through a survey conducted in this year among the Romanian employees, in this paper we validate three hypotheses that establish the association of employee performance, on the one hand with proactive personality traits and on the other hand with certain motivational factors. As well, we highlight some managerial implications that can contribute to increasing workplace performance by using of appropriate motivational factors.
Efficacy of Butylphthalide in Combination with Edaravone in the Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke and the Effect on Serum Inflammatory Factors

Objective To investigate the efficacy of butylphthalide combined with edaravone in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke and the effect on serum inflammatory factors. Methods One hundred and sixty patients with acute ischemic stroke who attended the neurovascular intervention department of our hospital from May 2020 to June 2022 were enrolled as study subjects for prospective analysis and were equally divided into a control group and an experimental group using the random number table method, with 80 cases in each group. The control group was treated with edaravone injection, while the experimental group was treated with butylphthalide combined with edaravone. The disease was recorded to compare the efficacy, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, homocysteine, serum inflammatory factors including tumor necrosis factor-α, C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 levels, and the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of treatment in the experimental group was 90.0% (72/80), while that of the control group was 62.5% (50/80), the total effective rate of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). After treatment, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, homocysteine level, and serum TNF-α, CRP, and IL-6 levels of patients in the experimental group improved compared with those before treatment, and the degree of improvement was better than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). After 3 months of treatment, a comparison of the incidence of adverse reactions in the two groups showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion The treatment of acute ischemic stroke with butylphthalide combined with edaravone has positive significance in improving blood circulation regulation and serum inflammatory factor levels and is reliable and worthy of clinical promotion.