Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
University of Southern Denmark Structured and evidence-based training of technical skills in respiratory medicine and thoracic surgery

Within the last decade, the number of technical procedures in respiratory medicine and thoracic surgery has grown and created a higher demand for effective and evidence-based education. Today, trainees are often allowed to perform procedures unsupervised on patients after obtaining a course certificate from a theoretic course and having performed a fixed number of supervised procedures. However, these methods do not ensure adequate competence. Well-structured and effective educational programmes including validated tests are needed to reduce economic expenses, optimize time spend, and ensure patient safety. The aim of this article is to summarize current state of educational strategies for technical procedures within respiratory medicine and thoracic surgery. Thus, to discuss future recommendations for curriculum development and assessment of competences based on Kern’s framework. The approach by Kern consists of six topics, which needs to be considered and evaluated and in order to educate physicians and surgeons most effective and evidence-based. We present a practical guide contributing to future educators’ considerations on (I) problem identification and general needs assessment, (II) targeted needs assessment, (III) goals and objectives, (IV) educational strategies, (V) implementation, and finally (VI) evaluation and feedback.
ONLINE JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY ADDICTION & CYBERBULLYING

: The recent developments in information technologies have influenced many aspects of our lives. While internet has facilitated our lives in various areas, it has concurrently raised some unfavorable issues like excessive use and preoccupation. Especially youngsters and university students are vulnerable to adverse effects of excessive internet use. Excessive use of the Internet causes them to neglect other areas of their lives, to fail in school and work, and to increase their dissatisfaction with life as a result of isolation and loneliness. For this reason, internet addiction is a problem that deserves further analysis, especially because of the damage to the younger generations. The purpose of this study is to compare internet addiction levels of students based on their satisfaction status and to analyze the relationship between students’ internet addiction and life satisfaction. The participants comprised 404 post-secondary students enrolling at a vocational college. "Internet Addiction Test" and “the Life Satisfaction Scale” were used as data collection tools. Descriptive (mean, percentage) and inferential statistics (independent samples t test, correlation and regression) were utilized for data analysis. The results showed that internet addiction scores of the students who were satisfied or not satisfied with their schools; family relations and social life have changed significantly. In addition, a weak but significant relationship was found between internet addiction and life satisfaction.
Automatic D48X X classiﬁcation of D49X X speech D50X X overlaps: Feature D51X X representation and D52X X algorithms I

Overlapping speech is a natural and frequently occurring phenomenon in human (cid:1) human conversations with an underlying purpose. Speech overlap events may be categorized as competitive and non-competitive. While the former is an attempt to grab the ﬂoor, the latter is an attempt to assist the speaker to continue the turn. The presence and distribution of these categories are indicative of the speakers’ states during the conversation. Therefore, understanding these manifestations is crucial for conversational analysis and for modeling human (cid:1) machine dialogs. The goal of this study is to design computational models to classify overlapping speech segments of dyadic conversations into competitive D63X X vs. non-competitive acts using lexical and acoustic cues, as well as their surrounding context. The designed overlap representations are evaluated in both linear (cid:1) Support Vector Machines (SVM) (cid:1) and non-linear (cid:1) feed-forward (FFNN), convolutional (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network (cid:1) models. We experiment with lexical and acoustic representations and their combinations from both speaker channels in feature and hidden space. We observe that lexical word-embedding features signiﬁcantly increase the overall D64X X F 1 -measure compared to both acoustic and bag-of-ngrams lexical representations, suggesting that lexical information can be utilized as a powerful cue for overlap classiﬁcation. Our comparative study shows that the best computational architecture is an FFNN along with a combination of word embeddings and acoustic features. (cid:1) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
DMD056879 1285..1291

We hypothesized that treatment of pregnant rat dams with a dual reactive monoclonal antibody (mAb4G9) against (+)-methamphetamine [METH; equilibrium dissociation rate constant (KD) = 16 nM] and (+)-amphetamine (AMP; KD = 102 nM) could confer maternal and fetal protection from brain accumulation of both drugs of abuse. To test this hypothesis, pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats (on gestational day 21) received a 1mg/kg i.v. METH dose, followed 30minutes later by vehicle or mAb4G9 treatment. The mAb4G9 dose was 0.56 mole-equivalent in binding sites to the METH body burden. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed baseline METH and AMP elimination half-lives were congruent in dams and fetuses, but the METH volume of distribution in dams was nearly double the fetal values. The METH and AMP area under the serum concentration-versus-time curves from 40 minutes to 5 hours after mAb4G9 treatment increased >7000% and 2000%, respectively, in dams. Fetal METH serum did not change, but AMP decreased 23%. The increased METH and AMP concentrations in maternal serum resulted from significant increases in mAb4G9 binding. Protein binding changed from ∼15% to > 90% for METH and AMP. Fetal serum protein binding appeared to gradually increase, but the absolute fraction bound was trivial compared with the dams. mAb4G9 treatment significantly reduced METH and AMP brain values by 66% and 45% in dams and 44% and 46% in fetuses (P < 0.05), respectively. These results show anti-METH/AMP mAb4G9 therapy in dams can offer maternal and fetal brain protection from the potentially harmful effects of METH and AMP.
The Mind’s Arrows: Bayes Nets and Graphical Causal Models in Psychology

Amongst people working in statistics, computer science, and philosophy, Bayes nets are a wellknown tool to model causal structures. Besides other things this approach provides ways for obtaining causal relationships out of statistical data. The idea is that existing (conditional) dependency relations between random variables, which are reflected in statistical data, are consistent only with some causal structures between these variables (given certain axiomatic assumptions about causality, e.g., that the indirect causes of a variable are statistically screened off by its direct causes). In this manner, statistical data about a population yield inferences to (some of) the causal structure existing within that population. Alternatively, it can be evaluated under which conditions interesting causal inferences can be made at all (sometimes only if a good deal of the causally relevant variables are actually measured). The mathematical features of Bayesian networks have been already explored by Spirtes, Glymour, and Scheines (1993) and Pearl (2000), and algorithms have been designed to get causal structure out of statistical data. Now Clark Glymour offers a book dedicated to the application of this mathematicalcomputational framework to methodological problems in psychology.
Controlled-Release Delivery Systems for Proteins and Peptides: A Third Generation Recombinant Vaccine-Delivery System for Single-dose Subcutaneous Administration

The objective was to develop Microsphere-based Delivery Systems (MDS) for controlled-release delivery of recombinant anthrax vaccine via single-dose subcutaneous administration. Microsphere-based Recombinant Protective Antigen (RPA) delivery systems for subcutaneous immunization were successfully developed at PolyMicrospheres, wherein the MDS formulations, on a single-subcutaneous dose, produced extremely high antibody titers (over 150000 in mice after 84 days and over 85000 in mice after 106 days of immunization) compared to the aqueous RPA vaccine system (at 8100). Mice immunized with selected MDS systems were challenged with anthrax-toxin. The MDS systems, on a single-subcutaneous dose, showed 100% protection against anthrax-toxin challenge in mice, compared to <13% protected by the aqueous RPA vaccine system and 0% in the non-immunized control group. Also, rabbits immunized with selected MDS systems were challenged with live anthrax-spores. The MDS systems, on a single-subcutaneous dose, showed 100% protection against anthrax-spore challenge in rabbits, compared to <17% protected by the aqueous RPA vaccine system and 0% in the non-immunized control group.
Characterization, Functionality and Antioxidant Activity of Water-Soluble Proteins Extracted from Bombyx mori Linn

The yield of water-soluble protein extracted from silkworm pupae, Bombyx mori Linn. (WSPB) was 3.96% by wet weight basis. The major amino acids found in WSPB were glutamic acid, which was the most abundant, followed by histidine, phenylalanine and glycine in that order. The electrophoretic study revealed that proteins with MW of 37, 64 and 75 kDa were the major protein components in WSPB. Based on FTIR analysis, WSPB remained its structural integrity. The surface hydrophobicity, free and total sulfhydryl group contents were 3.52, 22.17 μmol/g and 23.08 μmol/g, respectively. WSPB was highly solubilized in the pH range of 5-11. WSPB exhibited poor emulsifying properties and foaming capacity but the foam stability was comparable to bovine serum albumin (BSA). WSPB had high antioxidant potential, based on DPPH•, ABTS•+ and FRAP assay. Therefore, protein from silkworm pupae is a potential source of antioxidant and can be served as an ingredient in processed foods to enhance its desired functionality and nutritional value.
regulation-mediated HPV-positive OSCC progression

Mingxin Cao Sichuan University West China College of Stomatology Weilong Zhang Sichuan University West China College of Stomatology Xianghua Yu Sichuan University West China College of Stomatology Jiashun Wu Sichuan University West China College of Stomatology Xinwei Qiao Sichuan University West China College of Stomatology Meichang Huang Sichuan University West China College of Stomatology Ke Wang Sichuan University West China College of Stomatology Jingbiao Wu Sichuan University West China College of Stomatology Yajie Tang Shandong University Jian Jiang Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Research Institute Xinhua Liang (  lxh88866@scu.edu.cn ) Sichuan University West China College of Stomatology Ya-ling Tang (  tangyaling@scu.edu.cn ) West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University
Hybrid Approach of Handwritten Malayalam Character Recognition using Geometrical and Structural Properties

Handwritten character recognition of South Indian scripts especially Malayalam is an on-going area of research. Limited works are proposed in this ﬁeld due to the signiﬁcant character set with highly complex and similar characters. In this paper, a hybrid technique of feature extraction based on geometrical and structural properties of characters is proposed. This method is composed of two stages. In the ﬁrst stage the characters are classiﬁed into different groups based on geometrical features such as the number of endings, bifurcations and loops and in the second stage the characters are recognized based on speciﬁc characteristics deﬁned for each group. The proposed method exhibits recognition rate of 96.5% and an accuracy of 93.86% on an average.
Electroencephalogram Signatures of Ketamine-Induced Unconsciousness

Objectives—Ketamine is an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist commonly administered as a general anesthetic. However, circuit level mechanisms to explain ketamine-induced unconsciousness in humans are yet to be clearly defined. Disruption of frontal-parietal network connectivity has been proposed as a mechanism to explain this brain state. However, this mechanism was recently demonstrated at subanesthetic doses of ketamine in awake-patients. Therefore we investigated whether there is an electroencephalogram (EEG) marker for ketamineinduced unconsciousness. Methods—We retrospectively studied the EEG in 12 patients who received ketamine for the induction of general anesthesia. We analyzed the EEG dynamics using power spectral and coherence methods. Results—Following the administration of a bolus dose of ketamine to induce unconsciousness, we observed a “gamma burst” EEG pattern that consisted of alternating slow-delta (0.1-4 Hz) and Corresponding Author: Oluwaseun Akeju, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson Building, Rm. 460, Boston, MA 02114, USA, Tel. : +1-617-724-7200, oluwaseun.akeju@mgh.harvard. edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Conflict of interest The authors Oluwaseun Akeju, Emery N. Brown, and Patrick L. Purdon have submitted a provisional patent application describing the use of the EEG measures described in this manuscript for monitoring sedation and general anesthesia. All other authors declare no competing interests. HHS Public Access Author manuscript Clin Neurophysiol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2017 June 01. Published in final edited form as: Clin Neurophysiol. 2016 June ; 127(6): 2414–2422. doi:10.1016/j.clinph. 2016.03. 005. A uhor M anscript
FLOWER1 Specify Meristem Fate

Upon floral induction, the primary shoot meristem of an Arabidopsis plant begins to produce flower meristems rather than leaf primordia on its flanks. Assignment of floral fate to lateral meristems is primarily due to the cooperative activity of the flower meristem identity genes LEAFY ( LFY ), APETALA1 ( AP1 ), and CAULIFLOWER. We present evidence here that AP1 expression in lateral meristems is activated by at least two independent pathways, one of which is regulated by LFY. In lfy mutants, the onset of AP1 expression is delayed, indicating that LFY is formally a positive regulator of AP1. We have found that AP1 , in turn, can positively regulate LFY , because LFY is expressed prematurely in the converted floral meristems of plants constitutively expressing AP1. Shoot meristems maintain an identity distinct from that of flower meristems, in part through the action of genes such as TERMINAL FLOWER1 ( TFL1 ), which bars AP1 and LFY expression from the inflorescence shoot meristem. We show here that this negative regulation can be mutual because TFL1 expression is downregulated in plants constitutively expressing AP1. Therefore, the normally sharp phase transition between the production of leaves with associated shoots and formation of the flowers, which occurs upon floral induction, is promoted by positive feedback interactions between LFY and AP1 , together with negative interactions of these two genes with TFL1.
Regularity of solutions for spatially homogeneous Boltzmann equation without angular cutoﬀ (non Maxwellian molecule type)

Regularity of solutions for spatially homogeneous Boltzmann equation without angular cutoff : non Maxwellian molecule type (Mathematical Analysis in Fluid and Gas Dynamics) Author(s) Huo, Zhaohui; Morimoto, Yoshinori; Ukai, Seiji; Yang, Tong Citation 数理解析研究所講究録 (2009), 1631: 132-146 Issue Date 2009-02 URL http://hdl.handle. net/2433/140405 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher
Appendix A . 1 Dopant Ionization at Cryogenic Temperatures

The van Roosbroeck system is still applicable at cryogenic temperatures [10, 16, 27–29], however, some modeling aspects need to be carefully considered. As a rule of thumb, the conductivity of doped semiconductors typically decreases at very low temperatures due to a freeze out of the ionized dopant concentration [2, 16]. At low doping concentrations, the wave functions of the carriers can be considered as decoupled, such that charge transfer between different dopant states is only possible via hopping transport due to tunneling or thermionic emission [15]. Therefore, the semiconductor becomes an insulator at low temperatures. With increasing dopant concentration, the distance between the impurity atoms decreases such that the wave functions of the electronic states start to overlap. This leads to the formation of an impurity band as shown in Fig.A. 1, where the tail states result from the random distribution of the dopants in the lattice [15]. At very high doping concentrations (see Fig.A.1c), the impurity band overlapswith the continuum states. In this heavy doping regime, which marks the transition of the semiconductor to a metal, the conduction can take place within the impurity band—even at extremely low temperatures [15]. This metal-insulator transition is also known as Mott transition [24], which has to be taken into account in temperature-dependent models for the incomplete doping ionization [2]. Here the metal-insulator transition is treated only in a phenomenological fashion to describe the dopant activation in the van Roosbroeck system. A microscopic modeling approach, which is typically based on the Hubbard model [13, 19], is beyond the scope of this thesis. The density of ionized dopants is given by [8, 15, 31]
Extract from the Proceedings of the Virtual International Conference on Aligning Local Interventions with the UN Sustainable Developments Goals (SDGs)

Agriculture in Africa has a massive social and economic footprint. More than 80 percent of the population of sub-Saharan Africa is smallholder farmers, and about 23 percent of sub-Saharan Africa's GDP comes from agriculture. Yet, Africa's full agricultural potential remains untapped due to some limitations and inefficiencies. According to the Sustainable Development Goals Report 2019 published by the United Nations, in sub-Saharan Africa, 422 million people still live in extreme poverty; 237 million people live in hunger. In Nigeria, 82 million people are living below the international poverty line ($1.9 per day), and unemployment peaked at 23.1%. As a result, businesses such as utility companies are suffering with collection of bills. The distribution of poverty is greater in underdeveloped rural areas where infrastructure is limited. For example, electricity access is only 41%. In the case of Kaduna Electricity Distribution Company (KAEDCO), customer payments to the company are also low at 17%. This deficit has a significant impact on the cash balance of KAEDCO. In order to address this a study was performed to investigate ways to improve payments, electricity access and agricultural livelihoods. The research was conducted in Kano, a city in Northern Nigeria. The study considered the effects of implementing renewable energy with respect to power distribution companies in direct relation to SDG goals number: 1, 2, 7, 8, 11, and 13. As part of the research, a survey of 214 households was undertaken. Data was collected via questionnaires, focus group discussions and stakeholder interviews. With the data collected having a Cronbach’s Alpha score of 0.72, a bivariate analysis was conducted using Spearman’s rho correlation analysis to understand the impact of energy via renewable means on the average income of households, level of education, average savings, and carbon emissions. All this was examined from the power distribution point of view. Results showed very strong correlation between energy via renewable means with average income, level of education, average savings and carbon emissions. The rho values were 0.617, 0.514, 0.534 and 0.612 respectively. With such rho values, the study indicated that RE will support agriculture and SDGs. the methodological basis for the study that was undertaken. The results are presented and analysed to establish the potential for developing renewable energy in the region. Conclusions are drawn to the effectiveness of the objectives of the research.
Target interest rate news spillover effects on the Asia-Pacific currency markets

This paper examines the spillover impacts of the U.S. Fed’s and the European Central Bank (ECB)’s target interest rate news on the first two moments of the Asia-Pacific exchange rates against the US dollar and the euro over the period 1999-2006. The spillover effects on the mean are generally consistent with the literature where a majority of currencies depreciates against the USD and the EUR in response to unexpected rate rises. Both the Fed and the ECB news elicited tardy or persisting volatility responses. The Fed’s news tends to send a leading signal upon the upcoming decision of the ECB, while the ECB’s news tends to confirm the Fed’s decision. This relationship between the news tends to help reduce volatility in the AsiaPacific currency markets.
ascular Remodeling 1 Year After Cardiac Transplantation

ackground: The belief that vascular remodeling and intimal hyperplasia are causes of luminal narrowing in cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is controversial. This study evaluated the relationship of vascular remodeling and intimal hyperplasia to luminal narrowing 1 year after orthotopic heart transplantation. ethods: Intravascular ultrasound imaging was performed on 190 cardiac transplant recipients at baseline and again 1 year after transplantation as part of a randomized trial of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and azathioprine (Aza). Studies 1 year apart were matched at 625 sites. All sites were classified into positive, non-significant and negative remodeling patterns, depending on a change of 10% in external elastic membrane area. Of the 190 patients, 99 were randomized to receive MMF, and 91 to receive Aza. esults: A total of 625 sites were observed. Of these, 52% had no remodeling, 25% exhibited vessel dilation, and 23% had vessel shrinkage in the presence of variable intimal growth ( intimal area: 0.73 1.70 mm, p 0.0001; 1.23 2.02 mm, p 0.0001; and 0.20 1.40 mm, p 0.09, respectively). Sixty percent of the lumen loss was due to a decrease in external elastic membrane area and 40% to an increase in intimal area (p 0.005). Compared with Aza-treated patients, the MMF-treated patients had a lower incidence of vessel shrinkage (17% vs 28%, p 0.001), and a trend for smaller maximum intimal thickness (0.21 0.25 mm vs 0.29 0.31 mm, p 0.052). onclusions: Positive remodeling is associated with intimal growth, but negative remodeling does not correlate with any specific change in intimal hyperplasia. Constrictive remodeling is more responsible than intimal hyperplasia for the luminal narrowing that occurs. MMF is more efficacious than azathioprine in preventing the development of CAV at 1 year, by reducing the degree and incidence of vessel shrinkage and the progression of intimal hyperplasia. J Heart Lung Transplant 2007;26:56–62. Copyright © 2007 by the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation.
Approach for Finding Ridesharing Paths in Spatiotemporal Space

—Ridesharing recommendation is an important application in urban computing. The existing grid map method is a popular method but may overlook many possible ridesharing opportunities. In this paper, we proposed an algorithm to ﬁnd ridesharing paths that consist of two stages. In the ﬁrst stage, GPS tracjectoreis are segmented and represented as cubes, and in the second stage, those cubes serve as landmarks for identifying possible ridesharing paths. We used the GeoLife GPS trajectories dataset to evaluate this approach and compared our algorithm with the grid map method. The results show that the number of possible ridesharing paths identiﬁed by our approach is six times that of the grid map method.