Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An End-to-End Multi-Task Learning Model for Image-based Table Recognition

Image-based table recognition is a challenging task due to the diversity of table styles and the complexity of table structures. Most of the previous methods focus on a non-end-to-end approach which divides the problem into two separate sub-problems: table structure recognition; and cell-content recognition and then attempts to solve each sub-problem independently using two separate systems. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end multi-task learning model for image-based table recognition. The proposed model consists of one shared encoder, one shared decoder, and three separate decoders which are used for learning three sub-tasks of table recognition: table structure recognition, cell detection, and cell-content recognition. The whole system can be easily trained and inferred in an end-to-end approach. In the experiments, we evaluate the performance of the proposed model on two large-scale datasets: FinTabNet and PubTabNet. The experiment results show that the proposed model outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in all benchmark datasets.
Experimental Rotations of a Pendulum on Water Waves

The rotations of a parametric pendulum fitted onto a suitable floating support and forced to move vertically under the action of water waves have been studied on the basis of a dedicated wave flume laboratory experiment. An extended experimental campaign has been carried out with the aim of providing insight into the mechanics of the pendulum’s response to the wave forcing and data useful as a benchmark for available theories. A large number of time histories of the pendulum’s angular position have been collected. Rotations have been detected for different values of the frequency and of the amplitude of the excitation, showing the robustness in parameter space, and for different initial conditions, showing the robustness in phase space. This experiment, suggested by the recently developed concept of extracting energy from sea waves, constitutes preliminary experimental proof of that concept’s practical feasibility.
Grid refinement and scaling for distributed parameter estimation problems

This paper considers problems of distributed parameter estimation from data measurements on solutions of differential equations. A nonlinear least squares functional is minimized to approximately recover the sought parameter function (i.e. the model). This functional consists of a data fitting term, involving the solution of a finite volume or finite element discretization of the forward differential equation, and a Tikhonov-type regularization term, involving the discretization of a mix of model derivatives. The resulting nonlinear optimization problems can be very large and costly to solve. Thus, we seek ways to solve as much of the problem as possible on coarse grids. We propose to search for the regularization parameter first on a coarse grid. Then, a gradual refinement technique to find both the forward and inverse solutions on finer grids is developed. The grid spacing of the model discretization, as well as the relative weight of the entire regularization term, affect the sort of regularization achieved and the algorithm for gradual grid refinement. We thus investigate a number of questions which arise regarding their relationship, including the correct scaling of the regularization matrix. For nonuniform grids we rigorously associate the practice of using unscaled regularization matrices with approximations of a weighted regularization functional. We also discuss interpolation for grid refinement. Our results are demonstrated numerically using synthetic examples in one and three dimensions.
The Jukes-Cantor Model of Molecular Evolution

Abstract The material in this module introduces students to some of the mathematical tools used to examine molecular evolution. This topic is standard fare in many mathematical biology or bioinformatics classes, but could also be suitable for classes in linear algebra or probability. While coursework in matrix algebra, Markov processes, Monte Carlo simulation, and/or basic biology will greatly assist student understanding, more time can be devoted to introduce these topics in class depending on student background.
Deep Analysis and Detection of Firewall Anomalies Using Knowledge Graph

: Implementing firewall policy with defining firewall rules is a cumulative process that could take place in different periods and depend on the network conditions, which makes it prone to errors and difficult to validate without effective tools. Such tools should be carefully designed to capture and spot firewall configuration errors and anomalies. The solution in this paper consists of four steps, which are: formalizing the firewall rules by using FOL, defining the general form of the anomaly, collecting all active destinations’ IP addresses and port numbers in updated lists, and applying the proposed FOL rules for detecting firewall anomalies. The general form has been represented by using knowledge graph for supporting visualization aiming to detect firewall anomalies by extracting knowledge from the knowledge graph and its formalization rules. The proposed method is efficient and capable of discovering all types of firewall anomalies.
The symmetric Rouche's form for robustness

The objective of this work is to bring to control literature the strengthened and symmetric version of the classical Rouche's form. The author discusses the need for Rouche's form as a tool for the analysis of linear time-invariant control systems. A robustness criterion is given, and its corresponding geometrical interpretation is obtained. A simplified implementation of the symmetric form is obtained, and its relation to passivity is highlighted. An application to time delay systems is given. >
Environmental history of one of the largest freshwater neotropical fish (Zungaro jahu) from otolith isotopic analysis

The Manguruyú Zungaro jahu, endemic to the La Plata Basin, is one of the largest neotropical fish species whose life history is virtually unknown. The objectives of this study were to determine if Z. jahu is a large‐scale migratory species and to describe habitat use throughout ontogeny using the otolith Sr isotope (87Sr/86Sr) ratio. Surface water samples were collected in 2020 at four sites representing the main water courses of the Great Pantanal in Brazil (upper Paraguay, Cuiabá, São Lourenço and Vermelho rivers). Eighteen fish individuals were collected from the Paraná River (Argentina). New water 87Sr/86Sr data were incorporated into previously established statistical models to infer the fish habitat use through the otolith 87Sr/86Sr ratios. The water 87Sr/86Sr ratio of the upper Paraguay tributaries varied (0.7209 and 0.7229) and were the highest in the La Plata Basin. The dispersal area of Z. jahu was restricted to the surroundings of the confluence of the Paraná and Paraguay rivers. Fish showed chemical signatures compatible with those of the middle Paraná (88%), Paraguay‐Pilcomayo‐Bermejo (50%) and the lower/upper Paraná (66%). The discriminant analysis based on otolith core indicated natal origins from the middle Paraná (37%), upper Paraná (32%), and Paraguay sub‐basin (32%). The dispersal area of Z. jahu migrations could be restricted to the surroundings of the confluence of Paraná and Paraguay, which highlights the need to review regional fishing regulations, especially between latitudes 30°–34° S.
A study of BL lacertae-type objects with EXOSAT. I, Flux correlations, luminosity variability, and spectral variability

Results are presented on a systematic analysis of more than 200 X-ray observations on 36 BL Lac objects, obtained from the Exosat archive, providing further strong evidence that the population of currently known BL Lac objects can be divided into two subclasses, Q-BL Lacs and X-BL Lacs. The subclass Q-BL Lacs includes most of the classical radio-discovered BL objects which are characterized by a continuum energy distribution, from radio to X-rays, similar to that of flat-radio-spectrum QSOs, highly polarized quasars, and optically violent variable QSOs. The subclass X-BL Lacs includes all the BL Lac objects which were detected in high-frequency surveys (i.e., optical and X-ray). This subclass is characterized by a very smooth energy distribution from radio to X-rays, which is often considered to be the signature of synchrotron emission. 96 refs.
In Vitro Flow Study in an Intracranial Aneurysm Biomodel Manufactured by Additive Manufacturing

: The hemodynamics of Intracranial Aneurysm (IA) involves complex phenomena that influence its growth and rupture. The progress of additive manufacturing techniques has allowed the development of biomodels suitable to perform in vitro flow experiments. Hence, this work presents the manufacturing process to fabricate flow biomodels by using the additive manufacturing technique known as Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM). The biomodels obtained through the proposed technique has proved to be suitable for in vitro flow experiments using imaging techniques and for validation of numerical studies
Symmetry of the order parameter for high-temperature superconductivity

Abstract Whatever its microscopic origins, it seems likely that the superconductivity in the copper-oxides can be described by an appropriate Ginzburg-Landau theory. The possible order parameters and free energies are then determined by the symmetry breaking of the phase transition alone. The group-theoretically allowed states are enumerated here for singlet and triplet superconductors in orthorhombic and tetragonal crystals. As well as broken gauge, time reversal and rotational symmetries, broken translational symmetry states are also investigated. Experiments that might distinguish the various possible states are reviewed, concentrating especially on experiments where the outcomes are determined by the symmetry properties of the order parameter alone. These include Josephson effects, transition splitting, spontaneous strain and magnetism, critical and Gaussian fluctuations, collective modes and vortices. Current experimental results on the high-Tc materials are discussed where relevant, although in many.
PVT based Blood Vessel Segmentation and Polyp Size Estimation in Colonoscopy Images

: The size of colorectal polyps is one of the factors conditioning the risk of synchronous and metachronous colorectal cancer (CRC). In this work, we are interested in the automatic measurement of polyp sizes in colonoscopy videos. The study is performed in two steps: (1) first the detection and segmentation of the polyp by the neural network Polyp-PVT and then (2) the classification of the polyp into different classes (type of disease, size of the polyp). This is done by extracting information from blood vessels, a parameter that has a low variability and is present in the majority of colonoscopic videos. This method has been validated by two local Hepato-Gastro-Enterology specialists. Once the size of the polyp is extracted, a classification of polyps as susceptible malignant (polyp size ≥ 6 mm) and susceptible benign (polyp size < 6 mm) is performed. Our approach reaches an accuracy of 85 . 61% for the first category and 73 . 92% for the second one and is comparable to human classification which is estimated to 52% for beginners and 71% for experts endoscopists.
Coupling between progressive damage and permeability of concrete: analysis with a discrete model

A significant increase of the permeability of concrete upon micro‐cracking and a good correlation between the evolution of damage (material stiffness) and permeability are observed experimentally. The present contribution investigates this correlation theoretically, with the help of lattice analyses. Scaling analysis of lattices which contain elastic brittle bonds has shown that the material degradation should be described by the evolution of the material stiffness, or compliance, in a continuum setting (damage models). This result is reviewed and further documented in the first part of the paper. In the second part, hydro‐mechanical problems are considered with the construction of a hydraulic lattice, dual to the mechanical one. We observe that the average permeability upon micro‐cracking is the lattice scale‐independent controlling variable in the hydraulic problem. Additionally, results show that in a continuum poro‐mechanical approach, the evolution of the material permeability ought to be related to the elastic unloading stiffness, described e.g. with the help of continuum damage variables. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of single dose phenylephrine, ephedrine and mephentermine for maintenance of arterial pressure during spinal anesthesia in caesarean section

Introduction: Anesthesia to a parturient is not only unique but also requires highest degree of care because the anesthesiologist has to look after two individuals, the mother and foetus. Hypotension during spinal anesthesia for caesarean delivery can have detrimental effects on both mother and neonate. In this study we compare the efficacy of Ephedrine, Mephentermine and Phenylephrine in treating the hypotension for caesarean section and their effects. Materials and Methods: The primary objective of the study was to compare the single doses of intravenous Phenylephrine, Ephedrine, and Mephentermine for maintenance of arterial pressure during spinal anesthesia in caesarean section. A prospective Observational study was conducted on 90 patients undergoing caesarean section under spinal anesthesia who are allocated to one of the 3 groups (30 in each group) based on the vasopressor given (ie, ephedrine, mephentermine and phenylephrine). The sampling technique involved consecutive sampling and the data obtained were recorded in to a structured proforma. Statistical analysis was performed using statistical software package SPSS version, 20.0. Results: All the three vasopressors effectively maintained arterial pressure within 20% limit of baseline value though phenylephrine maintained better in first 8 minutes of bolus dose as compared to ephedrine and mephentermine. In phenylephrine group, post study drug values of heart rate were decreased significantly from the values at onset of the hypotension till the end of the surgery when compared to other two groups. Conclusion: Phenylephrine, ephedrine and mephentermine are effective in IV bolus form in maintenance of arterial pressure within 20% limit of baseline though phenylephrine has quicker peak effect of comparison to ephedrine & mephentermine and it causes reduction in heart rate, which may be advantageous in cardiac patients and patients in whom tachycardia is undesirable.
Rapid phytoplankton response to wind forcing influences productivity in upwelling bays

Bays are often ecological hotspots within highly‐productive eastern boundary upwelling systems. Though the physics of such bays are well understood, there is no consensus about the factors underlying their high productivity. Three weeks of high‐temporal‐resolution observations in two long, narrow bays (Rías Baixas, NW‐Iberia), showed that during an upwelling pulse, deep, nutrient‐rich isopycnals rose into the euphotic zone inside the rías in a few hours. The response of the isopycnals to changes in wind forcing is approximately three times faster inside the rías than the Ekman spin‐up time, triggering rapid nutrient uptake and subsequent formation of a subsurface chlorophyll and production maximum. The tight coupling and rapid response of phytoplankton growth to wind forcing could explain the higher productivity of the rías, and also be at play in other upwelling bays with similar morphologies and orientations. Resolving short‐term variability of physical–biological coupling is crucial to discern the future evolution of upwelling bays.
Faint H-alpha emission objects near the equatorial selected areas

An objective-prism survey of fields centered on the 24 Kapteyn Selected Areas along the celestial equator has resulted in the detection of 120 faint H-alpha emission-line objects. Diffuse objects and stars having molecular bands in their spectra are not included. Only 18 of these stars were identified in previous lists of emission-line objects. Identifications were found for an additional three stars. Images of these objects appear to be stellar on direct plates. The magnitude range for these stars is V = 10.1-19.00. Positions and V magnitudes of these objects are provided, as are identifications of objects which have been reported in other lists. Frequency distributions of the apparent magnitudes and Galactic latitudes of these emission-line objects are discussed, and finding charts are provided. 14 refs.
The conic as a space element

In this article it is proposed to determine a system of coordinates for the conic in space of three dimensions, analogous to the line coordinates of Plucker, and the similar systems for the circle in two and in three dimensions; and to study systems of conics by means of these coordinates. The conic in space has been considerably studied in the last sixty years, but no systematic theory has been developed. In 1908, the Belgian Royal Academy announced the oWer of a prize for a discussion of the subject, but so far as the writer knows, no award was made. It will be of illterest to summarize briefly the work that has been done in this field. In 1861 GrunertS treated the general theory of the conic as a space curve, in connection with the study of planetary orbits. Defining a conic by choosing arbitrarily a line as directrix, a point as focus, and the eccentricity, he deduces a number of analytic relations. He also treats a number of other problems, chiefly of interest to tlle astronomer. About the same time Chaslest laid the foundations of a theory of characteristics of conics in space, analogous to the well-known theory for conics in the plane. Hierholzer§ and Luroth 1I discuss similar problenls. The earliest attempt to determine a set of coordinates for a conic is doubtless that of Spottiswoode.lT His coordinates are not the simplest nor the most natural ones, howeser. NVe shall toucll on them later (§ 3, 6, footllote). A treatment somewhat analogous to parts of ours is given by P. van Geer. ** His methods, honTever, are clumsy, and such of his results as are of value +ve can obtain by more direct methods.
Using Well-Known Techniques to Visualize Characteristics of Data Quality

: Previous work has identified more than 100 distinct characteristics of data quality, most of which are aspects of completeness, accuracy and consistency. Other work has developed new techniques for visualizing data quality, but there is a lack of research into how users visualize data quality issues with existing, well-known techniques. We investigated how 166 participants identified and illustrated data quality issues that occurred in a 54-file, longitudinal collection of open data. The issues that participants identified spanned 27 different characteristics, nine of which do not appear in existing data quality taxonomies. Participants adopted nine visualization and tabular methods to illustrate the issues, using the methods in five ways (quantify; alert; examples; serendipitous discovery; explain). The variety of serendipitous discoveries was noteworthy, as was how rarely participants used visualization to illustrate completeness and consistency, compared with accuracy. We conclude by presenting a 106-item data quality taxonomy that combines seven previous works with our findings.
How to Design a Blue Team Scenario for Beginners on the Example of Brute-Force Attacks on Authentications

: Cyber attacks are ubiquitous and a constantly growing threat in the age of digitization. In order to protect important data, developers and system administrators must be trained and made aware of possible threats. Practical training can be used for students alike to introduce them to the topic. A constant threat to websites that require user authentication is so-called brute-force attacks, which attempt to crack a password by systematically trying every possible combination. As this is a typical threat, but comparably easy to detect, it is ideal for beginners. Therefore, three open-source blue team scenarios are designed and systematically described. They are contiguous to maximize the learning effect.
Estimation of Fluid Intake Volume from Surface Electromyography Signals: A Comparative Study of Seven Regression Techniques

: Insufficient fluid intake in older adults, in particular, is a worrying problem and an actual concern that warrants scrutiny. Monitoring fluid intake is essential to avoid dehydration and overhydration problems. This paper presents an investigation to estimate the fluid intake volume using surface Electromyographic (sEMG) sensors. Eleven subjects participated in the experiment, and sEMG recordings of swallows from cups, bottles, and straws were collected. Four features were extracted from the EMG signals. Seven regression algorithms were implemented for quantifying the volume of swallowed fluid: Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Regressor, K-nearest neighbour (KNN), Linear Regressor (LR), Decision Tree (DT), Lasso and Ridge. The mean sip volume across subjects was 14.85 ± 5.05 ml. Results showed that using Random Forest, the root mean square (RMSE) for estimating fluid intake volume using one the Mean Absolute Value feature gave 1.37 ± 1.1 ml. These results indicate a step forward in estimating fluid intake volume based on sEMG for hydration monitoring.
Analysis of an image-based transducer tracking system for 3D ultrasound

The use of speckle decorrelation techniques to calculate the displacement of a moving transducer has demonstrated promise. We introduce a technique to estimate distance between image planes without assuming a constant transducer velocity. We developed a theoretical analysis of the uncertainty in estimated plane spacing as a function of speckle size, patch size and the number of planes used for normalization. The best estimates of plane spacing are obtained when the distance between acquired image planes is of the order of half the speckle size. In this region, the uncertainty in estimated plane spacing was < 15% for an 8.1mm (axial) x 9.1mm (lateral) patch, increasing to 33% for an 8.1mm x 1.5mm patch. Patch size is limited to regions of fully developed speckle, and also by brightness gradients in the image. Although brightness gradients seem insignificant on intensity images, they can cause a large bias in plane spacing estimates made using linearized data. Another major source of bias in plane spacing estimates was the number of planes, Nz, used to calculate the normalization factors (averages of brightness and squared brightness). Optimum Nz was found to be 5 to 10 planes, depending on plane spacing.
Continuous Sign-Language Recognition using Transformers and Augmented Pose Estimation

: Sign language is used by deaf to communicate with other humans. It consists of not only hand signs or gestures but encompasses also facial expressions and further body movements. To make machine-human interaction accessible for deaf, automatic sign language recognition has to be implemented which allows a machine to understand the signs and gestures of deaf. For this purpose, continous sign-language recognition, which is the mapping of a (visual) sequence of signs forming a (sign) sentence to a sequence of (text) words, has to be developed. In this work, continuous sign-language recognition using transformers is proposed. Using additional pose estimation, body markers are extracted and augmented through data imputation and velocity-like features, and then used together with a transformer network for continuous sign-language recognition. Using the proposed method, better than state-of-the-art results were obtained on the RWTH-PHOENIX-Weather 2014 dataset, achieving 19 . 2% / 19 . 5% dev/test word error rate (WER) on the signer-independent subset and 16 . 9% / 17 . 4% dev/test WER on the simpler multi-signer subset. The feature augmentation was found to improve the baseline word error rate by about 2.7%/ 2.9% dev/test.