Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Did population differences in human pelvic form evolve by drift or selection?

Pelvic dimensions differ, on average, among modern human populations. Some recent studies have reported that population differences in pelvic form evolved mainly by neutral processes, without considerable natural selection. This is a surprising claim given the many important functions of the human pelvis. This article re-evaluates this claim through a review of the medical literature and a new analysis of the data from which these results were obtained. We show that variation in modern pelvic form correlates with the risks of obstructed labour, pelvic floor disorders such as incontinence and prolapse, and numerous orthopaedic disorders that impair walking. Comparative population studies also document adaptations of human body form and pelvic dimensions to climatic conditions. However, these various and partly antagonistic selective forces on the human pelvis are not homogeneous across populations. They depend not only on climatic differences, but also on maternal and foetal body size, pelvic floor tissue properties, diet, lifestyle and the resulting metabolic capacities, as well as on obstetric practices and health care, all of which vary across human populations. Given the relatively rapid evolution of polygenic quantitative traits, we propose that pelvic dimensions have evolved different "compromise solutions" in different populations in response to local selective regimes. The results from a reanalysis of a large published global dataset on human pelvic canal dimensions clearly support this view.
SURVEY: ENHANCING ENERGY PROFICIENCY IN SMART MOBILE DEVICES USING COMPOSITE OFFLOAD DECISION ALGORITHMS

: The resource limited mobile devices are the foremost confronter for the growth of Mobile Computing. Although the advance development of mobile applications are able to provide substantial benefits to end users as and when required through continuous online services and accessibility, it has become quite formidable to relish the mobile computing services to its maximum capability due to energy paucity and non availability of effective and collaborative decision making component. So the combination of local, remote mobile cloud computing and a quick collective offload decision that makes a flawless task offloading can intensify to novel computing as an added feature to mobile cloud computing (MCC) to enhance mobile device performance and utilize the available energy proficiently. The proposed framework consists of three major components namely, mobile client, local mobile device cloud (LMC) and remote cloud. These components communicate with each other to generate a composite offload decision based on several system parameters that accounts to enhanced energy proficiency and performance.
Design of IoT based Real-Time Bus Tracking App using HF-RFID

Public Transportation is the major means of Bus among people. A recent survey by the National Sample Survey Organization says that about 62-66% of people use the bus as their mode of transport. Public Bus tracking system aims at providing the instant status of the bus to the users via an automated system. This paper describes a design of IoT enabled real time bus tracking system. In this work a bus tracking mobile phone app is developed, using that people can exactly locate the bus status and time to bus arrival at bus-stop. This work uses high frequency RFID tags at buses and RFID receivers at bus-stops and with NodeMCU real time RIFD tagging (bus running) information is collected and uploaded on cloud. Users can access the bus running and status from cloud on mobile app in real time.
Maternal HIV viral load testing during pregnancy and postpartum care in Gauteng Province, South Africa.

BACKGROUND Pregnant and breastfeeding women living with HIV (WLHIV) are a target population for elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (eMTCT). However, there are limited data on maternal virological responses during pregnancy and the postpartum period in South Africa (SA). OBJECTIVES To review compliance of viral load (VL) testing with national guidelines and suppression rates during pregnancy and up to 9 months postpartum among WLHIV delivering in four tertiary hospitals in Gauteng Province, SA. METHODS All women who had a point-of-care HIV VL test using Xpert HIV-1 VL (Cepheid, USA) at delivery in four tertiary obstetric units in Gauteng between June 2018 and February 2020 were included. HIV VL tests of eligible women performed up to 9 months before and after delivery were extracted from the National Health Laboratory Service's Corporate Data Warehouse. Proportions of women delivering who had antenatal and postpartum VL tests performed and their suppression rates were determined and expressed as percentages. RESULTS Of 4 989 eligible WLHIV (median age 31.1 years), 917 (18.4%) had a VL performed during the antenatal period; of these, 335 (36.5%) had a VL ≥50 copies/mL and 165 (18.0%) a VL ≥1 000 copies/mL. At delivery, 1 911 women (38.3%) had a VL ≥50 copies/mL and 1 028 (20.6%) a VL ≥1 000 copies/mL. Among 627 women (12.6%) with a VL test postpartum, 234 (37.3%) had a VL ≥50 copies/mL and 93 (14.8%) a VL ≥1 000 copies/mL. Overall, having a VL test performed during the antenatal period was associated with viral suppression at delivery and receiving a VL test postpartum (p<0.001). Women with a VL ≥50 copies/mL at delivery were more likely to be younger and to remain virally unsuppressed postpartum (p<0.001) compared with women with a VL <50 copies/mL. CONCLUSIONS Fewer than 5% of WLHIV with a VL at the time of delivery received VL monitoring during the antenatal and postpartum periods in accordance with national guidelines. More than 80% of WLHIV delivering had no evidence of VL monitoring during the antenatal period, and they were more likely than women who received monitoring during the antenatal period to be virally unsuppressed at delivery and to receive no VL monitoring postpartum. Women with a high VL at delivery were likely to remain virally unsuppressed postpartum. These results emphasise the need for closer monitoring of and rapid reaction to high maternal VLs during pregnancy, at delivery and postpartum for attainment of eMTCT.
Serum Podocalyxin Levels as High Risk Markers for CVDs of Complication of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes is associated with long-term damage, dysfunction, and failure of various organs, especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels; Podocalyxin is the major sialoprotein in the glycocalyx of glomerular podocytes, podocalyxin was found in the blood vessels of several organs. Objective: The aim of the present study was to elevate serum podocalyxin and some biochemical parameters in diabetic patients compare with healthy group. Method: The present case-control study included 90 participants divided into two groups: 60 patients with diabetes mellitus (40 males and 20 females; aged 49.87 ±8.089 yr.) study group and 30 (20 males and 10 females; aged 48.27±6.335 yr.) a healthy group (control group). Podocalyxin (PODXL) and insulin measured using the ELISA kit. Anthropometric were measured fasting serum glucose levels and lipid profile were determined by photometric method. Result: The mean serum podocalyxin levels was significantly increase in patients with diabetes mellitus Vs. healthy control group (26.24±2.11ng\ml Vs. 17.45±1.57ng\ml respectively, p<0.001), BMI was significantly increased in patients diabetes mellitus Vs. healthy control group (29.766±3.225 Vs. 23.756±0.77 respectively, p<0.001) also the mean fasting insulin level was higher in patients with diabetes mellitus than the healthy control group (7.23±1.26 Vs. 5.05±1.14 respectively, p<0.001), HOMA-IR significantly increased in patients with diabetes mellitus Vs. healthy control group (2.65±0.77 Vs. 1.16±0.25 respectively, p<0.001) but the mean of HOMA-β in patients with diabetes mellitus was significantly lower than the healthy control group (35.30±13.83 Vs. 61.91±19.87 respectively, p<0.001), lipid profile include TG, TC, LDL-C, VLDL-C significant increased in patients with diabetes mellitus compared with healthy control group (211.50±88.02 Vs. 116.87±38.43, p<001), (240.13±56.20 Vs. 141.43±33.34, p<0.001), (161.87±56.39 Vs. 65.82±30.97, p<0.001), (42.30±17.60 Vs. 23.37±7.68, p<0.001) respectively except HDL-C were significantly decreased in patients with diabetes mellitus than the healthy control group (33.83±9.02 Vs. 52.23±7.08 respectively, p<0.001), Patients with diabetic mellitus have significantly higher serum podocalyxin levels than the controls. Podocalyxin levels positively significantly correlated with BMI, FSG, Insulin, HbA1c and HOMA-IR levels while HOMO-β significant negative correlation respectively with podocalyxin levels. podocalyxin may be a promising biomarker in patients with diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: Podocalyxin may be a promising biomarker in patients with diabetes mellitus and can be used as a high risk markers for CVDs in DM patients.
Interaksi Genotipe x Lingkungan pada Karakter dan Komponen Hasil Galur-galur Sorgum IPB

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is a multipurpose crop that is potential to be developed in Indonesia as food, feed, or biofuel. Brix value of stem juice and grain yield components in sorghum are the characters that need to be improved in the breeding of multipurpose sorghum varieties. This study was aimed at obtaining information on the genetic variability of stem juice Brix value, panicle traits, and yield components of sorghum breeding lines under different environmental conditions. The genetic materials used in this study were 16 sorghum breeding lines selected by pedigree and bulk methods separately from three crossing populations and 4 national sorghum varieties, grown in a randomized complete block design in two different seasons, namely the dry season of 2019 and the rainy season of 2020. The results of this study showed that the characters of grain weight per panicle and stem juice Brix value, apart from being influenced by the genotype and the environment, were also influenced by genotype x environmental interactions. Correlation analysis showed that there was no significant relationship between stem juice Brix value and grain weight per panicle. Both Brix value and grain weight were positively correlated with plant height, so that tall sorghum plants tend to produce higher Brix value and grain weight per panicle. The PI 150/N-043-16-5-5-P and PI 150/K-19-6-2-B were the genotypes with higher plant height, grain weight per panicle and Brix value compared to other genotypes and were not significantly different from the national varieties of Bioguma 1, Bioguma 3, and Numbu.
A study of oligothiophene-acceptor dyes in p-type dye-sensitized solar cells

Two new dyes, E1 and E2, equipped with triphenylamine as the electron donor, oligothiophene as the linker and different electron acceptor groups, have been designed and synthesized as photosensitizers for p-type dye-sensitized solar cells (p-DSCs). A systematic study of the effect of molecular structures on the observed photophysical properties, the electron/hole recombination process, the overall performance and the interfacial charge separation was carried out. Transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) shows that the E1 dye with a napthoilene-1,2-benzimidazole (NBI) unit as the acceptor has a longer lifetime in the reduced state than the E2 dye with a malononitrile subunit on the NiO surface.
Modeling the Impact of Climate and Non-Climatic Factors on Cereal Production: Evidence from Indian Agriculture

The underpinned study examines the effects of climatic and non-climatic factors on Indian agriculture, cereal production, and yield using the country-level time series data of 1965–2015. With the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach, the long-term equilibrium association among the variables has been explored. The results reveal that climatic factors like CO2 emissions and temperature adversely affect agricultural output, while rainfall positively affects it. Likewise, non-climatic factors, including energy used, financial development, and labor force, affect agricultural production positively in the long run. The estimated long-run results further demonstrate that CO2 emissions and rainfall positively affect both cereal production and yield, while temperature adversely affects. The results exhibit that the cereal cropped area, energy used, financial development, and labor force significantly and positively impact the long-run cereal production and yield. Finally, pairwise granger causality test confirmed that both climatic and non-climatc factors are significantly influencing agriculture and cereal production in India. Based on these results, policymakers and governmental institutions should formulate coherent adaptation measures and mitigation policies to tackle the adverse climate change effects on agriculture and its production of cereals.
A Comprehensive Survey of Personalized Music Identifier System

90 Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijrte.F5316039621 DOI:10.35940/ijrte.F5316. 039621 Abstract: Music occupies a very important space in the heart and life of common people and it is rather subjective and universal nature indeed. Music Identifier System is obviously concerned with providing a very meaningful and personalized recommendation of items i.e. songs, music, playlist according to the mood, emotion, interest and preference of the users or listeners. With the advancement of technologies, rapid development of internet, it has become very common to use the streaming services to listen and enjoy music or songs in more convenient ways. In this paper, an attempt has been made to perform a comparative analysis, systematic research, empirical thorough review on various approaches or strategies proposed and applied by different researchers in the task of designing an effective system for music identification or recommendation. The basic theme of the paper includes music identifier system, its components, and different features along with emphasize on the methods, metrics, general framework and state-of-art strategies proposed during the last two decades or so, have been empirically reviewed. The existing studies were found lacking with systematic research work on the behaviour, requirements and preferences of the users plus poor level of extraction of features and limitations in the area of evaluation of performance of the music identifier systems. Although, the study reveals that systems based on effective, social information, emotional-traits, content, context and knowledge have been widely applied and improved the quality of identification or recommendation of music to a large extend but still it is not enough. In future, more in-depth studies or research work need to be conducted based on enlarging the scope of further development of personalized contextual awareness based music identifier system and generating a continuous and automatic top playlist of music and songs with added tracks matching with profile, mood, emotional traits, and behaviour of the user in a mobile environment.
The future of therapy of Barrett’s esophagus and related cancer: a narrative review

: Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is an intestinal-type metaplastic condition of the esophagus, which occurs in response to severe inflammation generally as result of chronic gastro-esophageal reflux. Over the last 5 decades, since the link between BE and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has been established, endoscopy has played a key role in the management of this condition, as a procedure initially to diagnose and monitor the precancerous disease and more recently also to deliver therapeutic interventions. The treatment algorithm for BE has seen dramatic changes in the last 10 years thanks to the better understanding of the natural history of dysplasia and early EAC and to the advent of effective endoscopic ablation techniques. Nevertheless, the incidence of EAC is increasing worldwide and many questions still remain to be addressed. There is growing need to combine technological advances with early diagnosis and targeted pharmacological treatments in order to refine management strategies. This would ideally entail early intervention on patients with a high probability to progress to cancer and minimally invasive treatment in patients with cancer at low metastatic risk. In this article we will discuss how improved understanding about the molecular make up of the disease and the emerging diagnostic and therapeutic technologies at the horizon can help reshape the endoscopic management of BE in the near future. 15
Photonics Rib Waveguide Dimension Dependent Charge Distribution and Loss Characterization

The simulation of behaviour of the charge distribution and the loss characteristic for ribwaveguide is demonstrated by using silicon-on-insulator (SOI). In this simulation, the rib waveguide is designed at a core width of 450nm, core height of 250nm, rib height of 50nm and buried oxide height of 100nm. These dimensions are set as reference. The aspiration of designing rib waveguide instead of other type of waveguide such as ridge waveguide is from the higher light confinement that can be accomplished by rib waveguide as the refractive index difference is huge and the designing of an active device can be realized. In this analysis, free carrier-injection effect was implemented in the first part of the simulation to study the distribution charges of rib-based waveguide structure based on basic dimensions. In this analysis, electrical voltage was varied from 0V to 1.2V in steps of 0.2V for the analysis of distribution of electron. In the second part of the simulation, four design parameters had been amended which included the core width and height, rib height and buried oxide height. Physical dimensions of the waveguide were altered to achieve smaller device footprint with optimized performance affecting large Free Spectral Range (FSR) and high Q-factor. With proper waveguide physical dimensions design, a good performance Micro-Ring Resonator (MRR) exhibits the principles of wide FSR and Q-factor can be achieved.
Cooking with Extra Virgin Olive Oil

Mediterranean cultures have used Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) as the only source of cooking oil for centuries, with their diet showing the highest amount of scientifically proven health benefits. However, there is a common misconception that EVOO is not suitable for cooking given its relatively lower smoke point, despite no scientific evidence that support this. This chapter aims to provide an overview of how EVOO is healthier, safer, and more stable to cook with than other common edible oils. Furthermore, this chapter aims to present EVOO’s suitability for use on Teflon coated pans, which is another common myth.
Detecting Stable Keypoints from Events through Image Gradient Prediction

We present a method that detects stable keypoints from an event stream at high speed with a low memory footprint. Our key observation connects two points: It should be easier to reconstruct the image gradients rather than the image itself from the events, and the Harris corner detector, one of the most reliable keypoint detectors for short baseline regular images, depends on the image gradients, not the image. We therefore introduce a recurrent convolutional neural network to predict image gradients from events. As image gradients and events are correlated, this prediction task is relatively easy and we can keep this network very small. We train our network solely on synthetic data. Extracting Harris corners from these gradients is then very efficient. Moreover, in contrast to learned methods, we can change the hyperparameters of the detector without retraining. Our experiments confirm that predicting image gradients rather than images is much more efficient, and that our approach predicts stable corner points which are easier to track for a longer time compared to state-of-the-art event-based methods.
A Critical Review of Agile Development Methods

Looking at the software engineering principles from a historical perspective, we can see how the software processing methodologies evolved since past 50 years, but probably the most discernible exchange to software business in recent years has been the introduction of evince “Agile”. Agile software development has been used by industry to create a more flexible and lean software development process, i.e making it possible to develop software at a faster rate and with more agility during development. Popular methods in the agile ecosystem have a broad range of characteristics. Methods like SCRUM, Extreme programming (XP), Feature driven Development (FDD), Adaptive software development (ASD) etc are increasingly being used to develop software using an adaptation approach rather than a predictive one. But, there is a scarcity of the resources which describe on how these resources can be integrated with the agile methodologies. This paper basically reviews different agile methods, how they are divergent from the conventional process methods, the pros and cons of applying agile processes to the research projects, and what are the difficulties faced during enforcement of agile methodology in the project.
Spatial and Temporal Variability of Iodine in Aerosol

In this work, we describe the compilation and homogenization of an extensive data set of aerosol iodine field observations in the period between 1963 and 2018 and we discuss its spatial and temporal dependences by comparison with CAM‐Chem model simulations. A close to linear relationship between soluble and total iodine in aerosol is found (∼80% aerosol iodine is soluble), which enables converting a large subset of measurements of soluble iodine into total iodine. The resulting data set shows a distinct latitudinal dependence, with an enhancement toward the Northern Hemisphere (NH) tropics and lower values toward the poles. This behavior, which has been predicted by atmospheric models to depend on the global distribution of the main oceanic iodine source (which in turn depends on the reaction of ozone with aqueous iodide on the sea water‐air interface, generating gas‐phase I2 and HOI), is confirmed here by field observations for the first time. Longitudinally, there is some indication of a wave‐one profile in the tropics, which peaks in the Atlantic and shows a minimum in the Pacific. New data from Antarctica show that the south polar seasonal variation of iodine in aerosol mirrors that observed previously in the Arctic, with two equinoctial maxima and the dominant maximum occurring in spring. While no clear seasonal variability is observed in NH middle latitudes, there is an indication of different seasonal cycles in the NH tropical Atlantic and Pacific. Long‐term trends cannot be unambiguously established as a result of inhomogeneous time and spatial coverage and analytical methods.