Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multi-Level Processes and Retina–Brain Pathways of Photic Regulation of Mood

Light exerts powerful biological effects on mood regulation. Whereas the source of photic information affecting mood is well established at least via intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) secreting the melanopsin photopigment, the precise circuits that mediate the impact of light on depressive behaviors are not well understood. This review proposes two distinct retina–brain pathways of light effects on mood: (i) a suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)-dependent pathway with light effect on mood via the synchronization of biological rhythms, and (ii) a SCN-independent pathway with light effects on mood through modulation of the homeostatic process of sleep, alertness and emotion regulation: (1) light directly inhibits brain areas promoting sleep such as the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO), and activates numerous brain areas involved in alertness such as, monoaminergic areas, thalamic regions and hypothalamic regions including orexin areas; (2) moreover, light seems to modulate mood through orexin-, serotonin- and dopamine-dependent pathways; (3) in addition, light activates brain emotional processing areas including the amygdala, the nucleus accumbens, the perihabenular nucleus, the left hippocampus and pathways such as the retina–ventral lateral geniculate nucleus and intergeniculate leaflet–lateral habenula pathway. This work synthetizes new insights into the neural basis required for light influence mood
Role of the habenulo-interpeduncular system in the neurodevelopmental basis of susceptibility and resilience to stress-induced anxiety

Experiencing stress during sensitive periods of brain development has a major impact on how individuals cope with later stress. Although many become more prone to develop anxiety or depression, some appear resilient. The mechanisms underlying these differences are unknown. Key answers may lie in how genetic and environmental stressors interact to shape the circuits controlling emotions. Here we studied the role of the habenulo-interpeducuncular system (HIPS), a critical node of reward circuits, in early stress-induced anxiety. We found that a subcircuit of this system, characterized by Otx2 expression, is particularly responsive to chronic stress during puberty, which induces HIPS hypersensitivity to later stress and susceptibility to develop anxiety. We further show that Otx2 deletion restricted to the HIPS counteracts these effects of stress. Together, these results demonstrate that Otx2 and stress interact, around puberty, to shape the HIPS stress-response, revealed here as a key modulator of susceptibility/resilience to develop anxiety.
Assessment of 13 Gridded Precipitation Datasets for Hydrological Modeling in a Mountainous Basin

Precipitation measurement with high spatial and temporal resolution over highly elevated and complex terrain in the eastern part of Turkey is an essential task to manage the water structures in an optimum manner. The objective of this study is to evaluate the consistency and hydrologic utility of 13 Gridded Precipitation Datasets (GPDs) (CPCv1, MSWEPv2.8, ERA5, CHIRPSv2.0, CHIRPv2.0, IMERGHHFv06, IMERGHHEv06, IMERGHHLv06, TMPA-3B42v7, TMPA-3B42RTv7, PERSIANN-CDR, PERSIANN-CCS, and PERSIANN) over a mountainous test basin (Karasu) at a daily time step. The Kling-Gupta Efficiency (KGE), including its three components (correlation, bias, and variability ratio), and the Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) are used for GPD evaluation. Moreover, the Hanssen-Kuiper (HK) score is considered to evaluate the detectability strength of selected GPDs for different precipitation events. Precipitation frequencies are evaluated considering the Probability Density Function (PDF). Daily precipitation data from 23 meteorological stations are provided as a reference for the period of 2015–2019. The TUW model is used for hydrological simulations regarding observed discharge located at the outlet of the basin. The model is calibrated in two ways, with observed precipitation only and by each GPD individually. Overall, CPCv1 shows the highest performance (median KGE; 0.46) over time and space. MSWEPv2.8 and CHIRPSv2.0 deliver the best performance among multi-source merging datasets, followed by CHIRPv2.0, whereas IMERGHHFv06, PERSIANN-CDR, and TMPA-3B42v7 show poor performance. IMERGHHLv06 is able to present the best performance (median KGE; 0.17) compared to other satellite-based GPDs (PERSIANN-CCS, PERSIANN, IMERGHHEv06, and TMPA-3B42RTv7). ERA5 performs well both in spatial and temporal validation compared to satellite-based GPDs, though it shows low performance in producing a streamflow simulation. Overall, all gridded precipitation datasets show better performance in generating streamflow when the model is calibrated by each GPD separately.
Finite set-model predictive current control of three-phase voltage source inverter for RES (renewable energy systems) applications

This paper focuses on a combination of three-phase VSI (voltage source inverter) with a predictive current control to provide an optimized system for three-phase inverters that control the load current. A FS-MPC (finite set-model predictive control) strategy for a three-phase VSI for RES (renewable energy systems) applications is implemented. The renewable energy systems model is used in this paper to investigate the system performance when power is supplied to resistive-inductive load. With three different cases, the evaluation of the system is done. Firstly, the robustness of control strategy under variable DC-Link is done in terms of the THD (total harmonic distortion). Secondly, with one prediction step, the system performance is tested using different sampling time, and lastly, the dynamic response of the system with step change in the amplitude of the reference is investigated. The simulations and result analyses are carried out using Matlab/Simulink to test the effectiveness and robustness of FS-MPC for two-level VSI with AC filter for resistive-inductive load supplied by a renewable energy system.
Investigation and design of short-range free-space optical communication system for flight platforms

Free-space optical communications (FSOC), also known as free-space optics (FSO), offers the potential of having high data rate communications on the wireless domain. FSOC is largely similar to fiber-optics communications except for the difference in their transmission medians. Instead of the fiber-optics cable, FSOC transmits through atmosphere or vacuum, depending on where it is applied. FSOC takes advantage of the laser beam's small divergence to generate high energy density within the beam footprint. The narrow beam spread, coupled with receiver's small field-of-view (FOV), offers immunity to interference, interception and jamming. It also allows the employment of smaller and less power consuming optical devices. However, pointing of the beam and receiver's aperture are required for the line-of-sight (LOS) alignment for both transmit and receive terminals before FSOC can commerce. The flight platforms of interest here are satellites or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) flying within a cluster, adopting formation flying and separated spatially between hundreds of meters to numerous kilometers apart. The distance between each flight platforms can vary along the course of their flights depending on their mission requirements. Due to their potential applications, there is increasing interest and research in satellites and UAVs in a cluster and FSOC has been examined to be a suitable communications channel between the platforms within the cluster. However, automatic pointing systems have to be incorporated with the platforms in order to make dynamic adjustments to maintain the LOS during iii ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library
Joint actions of diverse transcription factor families establish neuron-type identities and promote enhancer selectivity

To systematically investigate the complexity of neuron-specification regulatory networks we performed an RNA interference (RNAi) screen against all 875 transcription factors (TFs) encoded in Caenorhabditis elegans genome and searched for defects in nine different neuron types of the monoaminergic (MA) superclass and two cholinergic motoneurons. We identified 91 TF candidates to be required for correct generation of these neuron types of which 28 were confirmed by mutant analysis. We found that correct reporter expression in each individual neuron type requires at least nine different TFs. Individual neuron types do not usually share TFs involved in their specification but share a common pattern of TFs belonging to the five most common TF families: Homeodomain (HD), basic Helix Loop Helix (bHLH), Zinc Finger (ZF), Basic Leucine Zipper Domain (bZIP) and Nuclear Hormone Receptors (NHR). HD TF members are over-represented, supporting a key role for this family in the establishment of neuronal identities. These five TF families area also prevalent when considering mutant alleles with previously reported neuronal phenotypes in C. elegans, Drosophila or mouse. In addition, we studied terminal differentiation complexity focusing on the dopaminergic terminal regulatory program. We found two HD TFs (UNC-62 and VAB-3) that work together with known dopaminergic terminal selectors (AST-1, CEH-43, CEH-20). Combined TF binding sites for these five TFs constitute a cis-regulatory signature enriched in the regulatory regions of dopaminergic effector genes. Our results provide new insights on neuron-type regulatory programs in C. elegans that could help better understand neuron specification and evolution of neuron types.
Prevalence of Multidrug-resistant and Carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella Pneumoniae and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolates in Tertiary Care Hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal

Carbapenemases are the enzymes that catalyze β–lactam groups of antibiotics. The carbapenemase producers are resistant to β–lactam antibiotics and are usually multidrug-resistant bacteria challenging widely used therapeutics and treatment options. Therefore, the detection of carbapenemase activity among clinical isolates is of great therapeutic importance. We aimed to study the MDR and carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from various clinical samples at a tertiary care hospital in Nepal. A total of 3,579 clinical samples were collected from the patients visiting the Department of Microbiology, B&B Hospital, Gwarko, Lalitpur. The samples were processed to isolate K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa and then subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Phenotypic detection of carbapenemase activity was performed in the imipenem-resistant isolates by the modified Hodge test (MHT). Of the total samples, 1,067 (29.8%) samples showed significant growth positivity, out of which 190 (17.3%) isolates were K. pneumoniae and 121 (11.3%) were P. aeruginosa. Multidrug resistance was seen in 70.5% of the K. pneumoniae isolates and 65.3% of the P. aeruginosa isolates. Carbapenemase production was confirmed in 11.9%, and 12.2% of the imipenem-resistant K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa isolates, respectively, by the MHT. This study determined the higher prevalence of MDR among K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa; however, carbapenemase production was relatively low. Corresponding author
Estimating residents' willingness to pay for wetland conservation using contingent valuation: the case of Van Long Ramsar Protected Area, Vietnam

Truong DD. 2021. Estimating residents' willingness to pay for wetland conservation using contingent valuation: the case of Van Long Ramsar Protected Area, Vietnam. Biodiversitas 22: 4784-4793. Willingness to pay (WTP) for wetland conservation is an important basis for designing market-based wetland protection strategies and sustainable wetland management. The main objective of this study is to estimate villagers' WTP for wetland conservation in Van Long Wetland Protected Area, Vietnam, and analyze factors influencing WTP. A questionnaire survey based on the dichotomous contingent valuation method (CVM) was conducted at seven communes surrounding Van Long Ramsar Protected Area (VLPA). The results showed that the local people in the studied area appreciate the roles of the wetland in preserving landscape values, supporting livelihoods, and transmitting values to future generations. The value of biodiversity conservation and the value of water filtration and regulation are perceived to a lesser extent in terms of the importance of conservation. Of the 384 respondents, 96% are WTP for wetland conservation at different levels. With the parametric model, the average value of WTP ranges from 300,000 to VND 328,000 VND /family/year. In the non-parametric model, the average of WTP is from 338,000 to 359,000 VND/family/year. The probability of environmental response' that willing to pay for conservation is closely related to their awareness, family income and payment amount. The results also showed optimistic points that the local people are willing to contribute to improving wetland quality. In a general sense, the results of this study make good contributions to the literature related to WTP for wetland conservation in developing countries.
Synergistic Effect of Regioregular and Regiorandom Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) Blends for High Performance Flexible Organic Field Effect Transistors

Decreased conjugated polymer regioregularity can provide for mechanical flexibility, which is favorable for the fabrication of flexible electronics; however, concomitant decreased thin‐film crystallinity severely deteriorates charge transport performance. Here, the advantage of this inverse relationship has been taken to fabricate flexible organic field effect transistors using ultraviolet irradiated regioregular (RR) and regiorandom (RRa) poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) blend thin‐films as the device active layer. The blend films exhibit prominent charge carrier mobility up to 0.22 cm2 V‐1 s‐1. Even when the RR‐P3HT component comprises only a small proportion of the blend, vertical phase separation of the components ensures formation of effective charge transport pathways. The underlying mechanism is correlated to molecular self‐assembly of RR‐P3HT and its unfavorable intermolecular interactions with RRa‐P3HT. Transistor performance is retained upon application of high external strain and bending 1000 times. The top‐gate architecture enables the dielectric to serve as a self‐encapsulation layer to protect the underlying semiconductor from atmospheric oxygen and moisture, resulting in over 700 h ambient device stability. This facile blend approach is expected to be an alternative strategy for the fabrication of high performance flexible electronics.
EFFICIENT DOMAIN DRIVEN DATA MINING BASED ON FUZZY

: This paper actualizes the D3m based approach for execution checking of workers of an association on MATLAB stage. It is obviously understood that there is a requirement for space driven information mining, and endeavors are required to create relating methods and applications. The innovative work is required for finding noteworthy learning from complex area issues, upgrading cooperation and lessening the hole amongst the scholarly world and business, and driving an outlook change from intriguing shrouded design mining to significant information revelation in shifting data mining domains. The existing work uses the k-mean clustering with the SVM classifier data driven mining. The paper modifies the existing technique by using BBO optimization along with k-mean clustering and SVM classifier with fuzzy to classify the dataset. The results show the significance of the technique.
ENHANCEMENT OF VEGETATIVE GROWTH AND NUTRIENT CONCENTRATION OF DATE PALM AFTER INOCULATION WITH AN ISOLATE FROM UAE OF THE ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGUS RHIZOGLOMUS INTRARADICES

The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) is considered the main agricultural crop in many dry regions of the world, including the United Arab Emirates (UAE). It has been demonstrated that the date palm forms a beneficial symbiotic association with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. AM fungi are known to improve plant growth, increase nutrient uptake and assist plant growth under biotic and abiotic stressful conditions. The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency at which an isolate of the AM fungus Rhizoglomus intraradices improves the vegetative growth and nutrient content of two date palm varieties in the UAE, namely Khalas and Khenaizi. R. intraradices was isolated from a farm near Abu Dhabi and propagated in the labs of the UAEU. In vitro micropropagated date palm plantlets were subjected to three treatments under greenhouse conditions (T1: Control. T2: Microbial Wash. T3: R. intraradices). The inoculated date palm varieties showed an increase in plant growth parameters such as shoot and root fresh weight and chlorophyll a and b contents and improvement in the uptake of P and some other micronutrients. The results showed that R. intraradices has the potential to be used in the sustainable production of micropropagated date palms. Future studies are needed to highlight the function and the role of the new fungus isolate under different treatments and environmental conditions in the UAE.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ZIS POLICY IN POVERTY ALLEVIATION THROUGH THE HUYULA APPROACH IN GORONTALO

The research aims to describe and analyze the implementation and the determinants of the successful ZIS policy in poverty alleviation through the huyula approach in Gorontalo.The research findings are that (1) Planning will be more enhanced by the means of modulohupa or discussion with the Gorontalo Government, the Gorontalo Ministry of Religious Affairs, all sub-district chiefs and heads of villages in Gorontalo, representatives of religious leaders, communities, traditional figures, youth figures, and muzakkis. Besides, motulete, or the accuracy, to make the data of muzakkis and mustahiqs valid is required. As a result, ZIS collection becomes more effective and its distribution is on target; (2) The implementation of ZIS policy in poverty alleviation in Gorontalo will be optimal if conducted following the mopolamahu principle, a motivating principle to use ZIS in accordance with the objective and intention of the aids. Furthermore, to increase the efficient utilization of ZIS, we should implement a profit-sharing strategy. The strategy is built upon the huyula approach as one of the Gorontalo local wisdom, (3) In terms of monitoring; it will be optimized by the means of mopopitoto or strict monitoring by the applicable statutory provision; (4) The communication factor contributes to a successful policy if applied using molumboyoto or gentle words so “wanu opiyohe loloiya apenu jatodoiya” (Using a good language in communication may lead to achieving goals without any cost/money); and (5) The factor of implementers‟ attitudes also contribute to a successful implementation of ZIS policy if they show a moodelo attitude and understand relevant propositions and sharia laws with ZIS, convincingmuzakkis and making them undoubtedly give ZIS on the behalf of them and their families.
FUNCTIONALITY ASSESSMENT OF THE NEWLY DISCOVERED ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL (AM) FUNGUS FROM UAE, DOMINIKIA EMIRATIA

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal species form symbiotic associations with the vast majority of terrestrial plants. These associations help plants to improve their water and nutrient uptake. In return, plants provide a suitable habitat for the fungi to flourish. From across the globe, approximately 300 AM fungal species have been described to date. Most recently, Dominikia emiratia from UAE joined the list of known AM fungal species. It was found in Sweyhan, Abu Dhabi, associated with several plants within two different types of farming systems, namely organic and conventional. The discovery of the new species provides an opportunity for applied and basic research on this species. This thesis aims to evaluate the beneficial functionality of the fungus when in association with two commercially valuable date palm varieties, Khalas and Khunaizi, under greenhouse condition for an 8-month period. The results suggested that inoculation with D. emiratia significantly increased the biomass of the two date palm varieties. In addition, plants inoculated with Khalas showed higher chlorophyll and phosphorous concentrations. Different fungal structures were observed and recorded on the inoculated plant roots. The current work represents the first effort to evaluate the functionality of D. emiratia. It is a step towards the sustainable future of cultivating date palm. Furthermore, it acts as a springboard for further research to investigate the possible utilization of the new fungal species in promoting the growth of other plant species.
Power allocation based on Stackelberg game in a jammer-assisted secure network

In this paper, the problem of improving the secrecy communication for a cooperative jamming based network in which there is a friendly jammer, an eavesdropper and N pairs of sources and destinations is addressed. A Stackelberg game is formulated to tackle the joint utility maximization of the jammer and sources subject to a maximum jamming power constraint at the jammer. In this game, the jammer behaves as the leader and the sources are followers. A uniform pricing algorithm is proposed and we prove in theory that it can maximize the secrecy rate of the system. The Stackelberg equilibrium for the proposed game is characterized, and an effective distributed algorithm with guaranteed convergence is proposed. Numerical examples are presented to validate our analysis. It is shown that the proposed distributed algorithm can obtain almost the same performance as the optimal power allocation algorithm. Besides, we also investigate the performance of the proposed distributed algorithm in different scenarios. It is shown that the proposed algorithm can obtain significant improvement for secrecy rate in the sparse scenario where all the nodes are deployed sparsely. It can enhance the secrecy rate for about 0.3 dB.
Mitigating Multipath Interference for Time of Flight Range Sensors via Deep Convolutional Networks

Time of Flight (ToF) range sensors, are a sensing technology used for 3D imaging. They provide different features such as depth image and amplitude image with a high frame rate. These data are prone to many errors, of which multipath interference (MPI) is a significant one. The state-of-the-art approaches used for multipath mitigation either need some hardware modifications or are based on costly computations, such as advantages offered by compressive sensing (CS). However, CS faces two main challenges: firstly, no data in the real world is precisely sparse on a fixed basis; secondly, in recovery algorithms with a high converging time limit CS needs to be a non-real-time application. We put forward an improved software-oriented implementation to rectify these errors in depth. This method requires neither a camera transformation nor any hardware modifications. Our method mitigates depth errors caused by MPI in ~12-15 ms, i.e., in real-time. Most of the MPI information is imbibed in the scene response received at the sensor, and input-output data has a similar structure. Based on this fact, the problem of MPI is well fitted to convolutional neural networks (CNN) to mitigate MPI. We have designed the network in such a way that it learns both, a signal’s representation and an inverse map. It approximates a convex or greedy algorithm by learning weights and biases. Justification of the proposed method on actual scenarios is presented using a hold-out validation dataset.