Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification of two new recessive MC1R alleles in red‐coloured Evolèner cattle and other breeds

Abstract Sequence variations in the melanocortin‐1 receptor (MC1R) gene are associated with melanism in different animal species. Six functionally relevant alleles have been described in cattle to date. In a hypothesis‐free approach we performed a genome‐wide allelic association study with black, red and wild‐coloured cattle of three Alpine cattle breeds (Eringer, Evolèner and Valdostana), revealing a single significant association signal close to the MC1R gene. We searched for candidate causative variants by sequencing the entire coding sequence and identified two novel protein‐changing variants. We propose designating the mutant alleles at MC1R:c.424C>T as ev1 and at MC1R:c.263G>A as ev2 . Both affect conserved amino acid residues in functionally important transmembrane domains (p.Arg142Cys and p.Ser88Asn). Both alleles segregate predominantly in the Swiss Evolèner breed. They occur in other European cattle breeds such as Abondance and Rotes Höhenvieh as well. We observed almost perfect association between the MC1R genotypes and the coat colour phenotype in a cohort of 513 black, red and wild‐coloured cattle. Animals carrying two copies of MC1R loss‐of‐function alleles or that were compound heterozygous for e, ev1 , or ev2 have a red to dark red (chestnut‐like red) coat colour. These findings expand the spectrum of causal MC1R variants causing recessive red in cattle.
Burnout Syndrome Among Anesthesia Providers Working in Public Hospitals in Rwanda: A Cross-Sectional Survey

BACKGROUND: Many studies address anesthesia provider burnout in high-income countries; however, there is a paucity of data on burnout for anesthesia providers in low-income countries (LICs). Our objectives were (1) to evaluate the prevalence of burnout among anesthesia providers in Rwandan hospitals and (2) to determine factors associated with burnout among anesthesia providers in Rwandan hospitals. METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to selected Rwandan anesthesia providers working in public hospitals. The questionnaire assessed burnout using the Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey, a validated 22-item survey used to measure burnout among health professionals. Sociodemographic and work-related factors found to be associated with burnout were also assessed using logistic regression in a Bayesian framework to estimate odds ratios (OR) and associated credible intervals (CrIs). RESULTS: Surveys were distributed to 137 Rwandan anesthesia providers; 99 (72.3%) were returned. Sixty-six (67%) respondents were nonphysician anesthesia providers. Burnout was present in 26 of 99 (26.3%) participants (95% confidence interval [CI], 17.9–36.1). When considering weakly informative priors, we found a 99% probability that not having the right team (OR, 5.36%; 95 CrI, 1.34–23.53) and the frequency of seeing patients with negative outcomes such as death or permanent disability (OR, 9.62; 95% CrI, 2.48–42.84) were associated with burnout. CONCLUSIONS: In a cross-sectional survey of anesthesia providers in Rwanda, more than a quarter of respondents met the criteria for burnout. Lacking the right team and seeing negative outcomes were associated with higher burnout rate. These identified factors should be addressed to prevent the negative consequences of burnout, such as poor patient outcomes.
Microstructural Visual Pathway White Matter Alterations in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging Study

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: DTI studies of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma have demonstrated that glaucomatous degeneration is not confined to the retina but involves the entire visual pathway. Due to the lack of direct biologic interpretation of DTI parameters, the structural nature of this degeneration is still poorly understood. We used neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) to characterize the microstructural changes in the pregeniculate optic tracts and the postgeniculate optic radiations of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma, to better understand the mechanisms underlying these changes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: T1- and multishell diffusion-weighted scans were obtained from 23 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and 29 controls. NODDI parametric maps were produced from the diffusion-weighted scans, and probabilistic tractography was used to track the optic tracts and optic radiations. NODDI parameters were computed for the tracked pathways, and the measures were compared between both groups. The retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and visual field loss were assessed for the patients with glaucoma. RESULTS: The optic tracts of the patients with glaucoma showed a higher orientation dispersion index and a lower neurite density index compared with the controls (P < .001 and P = .001, respectively), while their optic radiations showed a higher orientation dispersion index only (P = .003). CONCLUSIONS: The pregeniculate visual pathways of the patients with primary open-angle glaucoma exhibited a loss of both axonal coherence and density, while the postgeniculate pathways exhibited a loss of axonal coherence only. Further longitudinal studies are needed to assess the progression of NODDI alterations in the visual pathways of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma across time.
Conservation in the Scotia Sea in light of expiring regulations and disrupted negotiations

If, by 1 December 2022, the total allowable catch of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) taken from the Scotia Sea (here, waters between 50–70S and 20–70W) (Figure 1) is not partitioned in space and time, the objective of an international conservation regime will be jeopardized. The objective of the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) is conservation (CCAMLR, 1980), and the management provision that distributes krill catches throughout the Scotia Sea expires in November. This provision mitigates the risk that concentrated fishing will adversely affect krill predators. Unless the 26 members of CCAMLR achieve consensus to extend this provision or establish an alternative that partitions the catch and thereby limits concentrated fishing, some krill predators are likely to be negatively affected. If not for the COVID-19 pandemic, CCAMLR might have already adopted suitable partitioning. Krill are important prey for numerous predators (Laws, 1985) and provide globally relevant ecosystem services (Cavanagh et al., 2021) (Appendix S2); these facts underpin management of the krill fishery. Climate change and increasing whale populations will likely modulate the production and distribution of krill (Savoca et al., 2021; Sylvester et al., 2021) and thus, its availability to predators and the provision of its ecosystem services. To conserve the marine ecosystem in the face of change, CCAMLR requires a precautionary management strategy for
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin–induced trained immunity protects against SARS-CoV-2 challenge in K18-hACE2 mice

SARS-CoV-2 has been confirmed in over 450 million confirmed cases since 2019. Although several vaccines have been certified by the WHO and people are being vaccinated on a global scale, it has been reported that multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants can escape neutralization by antibodies, resulting in vaccine breakthrough infections. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is known to induce heterologous protection based on trained immune responses. Here, we investigated whether BCG-induced trained immunity protected against SARS-CoV-2 in the K18-hACE2 mouse model. Our data demonstrate that i.v. BCG (BCG-i.v.) vaccination induces robust trained innate immune responses and provides protection against WT SARS-CoV-2, as well as the B.1. 617.1 and B.1. 617.2 variants. Further studies suggest that myeloid cell differentiation and activation of the glycolysis pathway are associated with BCG-induced training immunity in K18-hACE2 mice. Overall, our study provides the experimental evidence that establishes a causal relationship between BCG-i.v. vaccination and protection against SARS-CoV-2 challenge.
Universal cooling patterns of the butterfly wing scales hierarchy deduced from the heterogeneous thermal and structural properties of Tirumala limniace (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Danainae)

The radiative cooling of butterfly wing scales hierarchy has great value in understanding how poikilotherms adapt to the environment and developing bionic materials. However, it remains unclear what the cooling system is like and how the variation of hierarchy affects the cooling efficiency. Therefore, the correlation between the variations of the structure and emissivity of scale hierarchy is thoroughly investigated in Tirumala limniace (Cramer, 1775), whose thermal properties are highly heterogeneous among different wings and regions but similar between males and females. Patterns were deduced from the biological and model simulation experiments. The scale hierarchy varies at the micro‐ to nanolevel on both surface and section, corresponding to the variating emissivity. Scales on wing veins and margins have large nanostructured units with small lumens and are distinctly thickened, which bring extraordinarily high emissivity. The variations of light and dark scales, respectively, lead to the high emissivity of the middle region of wings and the front wings. Generally, the elevation of the inner surface area and the thickness of the chitin is the key to enhancing the cooling efficiency. For the first time, the effects of the variation of hierarchy toward emissivity of the mid‐infrared spectrum are systematically clarified. It is demonstrated that wing scales integrally differentiate in coping with the heterogeneous cooling needs, which may benefit in balancing multifunctions and the development toward the adaptation to the abiotic environment. The study provides insights into the comprehensive thermoregulation system of butterflies and the further development of radiative cooling materials.
Feeding the modern sow to sustain high productivity

Selection for hyper‐prolific sows has increased the litter size by more than 50% during the last three decades, and proper nutrition of the female pigs has concomitantly changed due to improved prolificacy and productivity of gilts and sows. This review summarizes the physiological characteristics and nutritional challenges associated with feeding modern hyper‐prolific sows during the gilt rearing period and during gestation, transition, and lactation periods. The review presents up‐to‐date knowledge of the energy and lysine requirements of female pigs and focuses on how nutrition may increase fat gain and limit protein and weight gain in the gilt rearing period and in early and mid‐gestation. In late gestation, fetal and mammary growth should be considered and during the transition, colostrum yield and farrowing performance need to be optimized. Finally, milk production should be optimized and body mobilization should be minimized in the lactation period to achieve high feed efficiency in hyper‐prolific sows.
Analysis and Calculation of Mobile Communication Signal in Metro Station

Research purposes:In order to satisfy the demands of mobile communication consumer in metro,the mobile communication system signals will be distributed in the metro.As the space environment in the metro underground station is narrow and irregular extremely in shape,the blind spots of signal for mobile communication system in the metro underground station will be produced by reflection wave and refraction wave.This paper aims at studying the covering type of electromagnetic wave field strength in the concourse from the theory to reduce the blind spot of signal and guide the design antenna arrangement.Research conclusions:In this paper,the analysis has been made on electric wave transmission performance in free space and the multipath effect is produced by reflection wave and refraction wave.The field strength distributing curve is drawn by theoretical calculation,and the blind spots of signal are analyzed,so the viewpoint of that multi-antennae signal covering with 99% of area is put forward.If the signals of multiple networks are distributed in the metro,it is impossible to separately establish the network for each system,accordingly the concept that the multiple networks signals are combined into one network is used for the design of antenna subsystem for attaining the best result.
The TALE never ends: A comprehensive overview of the role of PBX1, a TALE transcription factor, in human developmental defects

PBX1 is a highly conserved atypical homeodomain transcription factor (TF) belonging to the TALE (three amino acid loop extension) family. Dimerized with other TALE proteins, it can interact with numerous partners and reach dozens of regulating sequences, suggesting its role as a pioneer factor. PBX1 is expressed throughout the embryonic stages (as early as the blastula stage) in vertebrates. In human, PBX1 germline variations are linked to syndromic renal anomalies (CAKUTHED). In this review, we summarized available data on PBX1 functions, PBX1‐deficient animal models, and PBX1 germline variations in humans. Two types of genetic alterations were identified in PBX1 gene. PBX1 missense variations generate a severe phenotype including lung hypoplasia, cardiac malformations, and sexual development defects (DSDs). Conversely, truncating variants generate milder phenotypes (mainly cryptorchidism and deafness). We suggest that defects in PBX1 interactions with various partners, including proteins from the HOX (HOXA7, HOXA10, etc.), WNT (WNT9B, WNT3), and Polycomb (BMI1, EED) families are responsible for abnormal proliferation and differentiation of the embryonic mesenchyme. These alterations could explain most of the defects observed in humans. However, some phenotype variability (especially DSDs) remains poorly understood. Further studies are needed to explore the TALE family in greater depth.
ADAPTOR PROTEIN‐1 complex‐mediated post‐Golgi trafficking is critical for pollen wall development in Arabidopsis

Summary Primexine deposition is essential for the formation of pollen wall patterns and is precisely regulated by the tapetum and microspores. While tapetum‐ and/or microspore‐localized proteins are required for primexine biosynthesis, how their trafficking is established and controlled is poorly understood. In Arabidopsis thaliana, AP1σ1 and AP1σ2, two genes encoding the σ subunit of the trans‐Golgi network/early endosome (TGN/EE)‐localized ADAPTOR PROTEIN‐1 complex (AP‐1), are partially redundant for plant viability, and the loss of AP1σ1 function reduces male fertility due to defective primexine formation. Here, we investigated the role of AP‐1 in pollen wall formation. The deposition of Acyl‐CoA SYNTHETASE5 (ACOS5) and type III LIPID TRANSFER PROTEINs (LTPs) secreted from the anther tapetum, which are involved in exine formation, were impaired in ap1σ1 mutants. In addition, the microspore plasma membrane (PM) protein RUPTURED POLLEN GRAIN1 (RPG1), which regulates primexine deposition, accumulated abnormally at the TGN/EE in ap1σ1 mutants. We show that AP‐1μ recognizes the YXXΦ motif of RPG1, thereby regulating its PM abundance through endocytic trafficking, and that loss of AP1σ1 decreases the levels of other AP‐1 subunits at the TGN/EE. Our observations show that AP‐1‐mediated post‐Golgi trafficking plays a vital role in pollen wall development by regulating protein transport in tapetal cells and microspores.
The Predictive Validity of Consensual and Unique Facets of Neuroticism, Conscientiousness, and Agreeableness in Five Personality Inventories

Consensual facet structures help to unify a highly fractured personality literature, but mask information obtained from unique personality facets assessed by individual personality inventories. The current study identifies the consensual and unique facets of neuroticism, conscientiousness, and agreeableness based on analyses of five widely used personality inventories (Disinhibition Inventory-I [DIS-I], Faceted Inventory for the Five-Factor model [FI-FFM], HEXACO Personality Inventory—Revised [HEXACO-PI-R], NEO Personality Inventory-3 [NEO-PI-3], and Temperament and Affectivity Inventory [TAI]) in a community sample (N = 440). Factor analyses revealed that neuroticism consisted of three consensual facets (distress/depression, anger, and sentimental anxiety) and four unique facets (shyness, regret/self-doubt, lassitude, and distractibility); conscientiousness consisted solely of four consensual facets (achievement striving, order, attentiveness, and responsibility); and agreeableness consisted solely of four consensual facets (prosociality, anger, venturesomeness, and trust). Regression analyses indicated that unique neuroticism facets predicted significant incremental variance across a range of psychological disorders. These results have significant implications for how neuroticism, conscientiousness, and agreeableness should be modeled at the lower order level in psychopathology research.
Benefits and Risks of Intercropping for Crop Resilience and Pest Management

Abstract To combat climate change, farmers must innovate through ecological intensification to boost food production, increase resilience to weather extremes, and shrink the carbon footprint of agriculture. Intercropping (where alternative crops or noncrop plants are integrated with cash crops) can strengthen and stabilize agroecosystems under climate change by improving resource use efficiency, enhancing soil water holding capacity, and increasing the diversity and quality of habitat for beneficial insects that provide pollination services and natural pest control. Despite these benefits, intercropping has yet to be widely adopted due to perceived risks and challenges including decreased crop yield, increased management complexity, a steep learning curve for successful management, and increased susceptibility to pests. Here, we explore the major benefits of intercropping in agricultural systems for pest control and climate resilience reported in 24 meta-analyses, while addressing risks and barriers to implementation. Most studies demonstrate clear benefits of intercropping for weed, pathogen, insect pest control, relative yield, and gross profitability. However, relatively few studies document ecosystem services conferred by intercrops alongside labor costs, which are key to economic sustainability for farmers. In addition to clearer demonstrations of the economic viability of intercropping, farmers also need strong technical and financial support during the adoption process to help them troubleshoot the site-specific complexities and challenges of managing polycultures. Ecological intensification of agriculture requires a more strategic approach than simplified production systems and is not without risks and challenges. Calibrating incentive programs to reduce financial burdens of risk for farmers could promote more widespread adoption of intercropping.
A Robust Lamb Wave Imaging Approach to Plate-Like Structural Health Monitoring of Materials With Transducer Array Position Errors

The Lamb-wave-based damage imaging via beamforming techniques, which can visualize the location of damage in the structure intuitively, is one of the most promising methods in the field of structural health monitoring (SHM). However, transducer array position errors are inevitable in practical application, which may lead to serious degradation in imaging performance. In this study, it is shown that the uncertainty of the steering vectors led by the imprecise position of transducers in an array can be suppressed by the doubly constrained robust Capon beamformer (DCRCB). After the unwanted side lobes are restrained by the DCRCB-based coherence factor (CF) weighting, an effective adaptive beamforming damage imaging method robust to transducer position errors is proposed. The numerical simulation and imaging experiment of damage on an aluminum plate are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The results show that the proposed Lamb wave damage imaging method performs better than the reported beamforming ones in literature in terms of resolution, contrast, and robustness to transducer position errors.
Translation, validation and exploration of the factor structure in the French version of the Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI)

Le Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI) is one of the most used instruments to assess posttraumatic cognitions. Since its release, many studies have tried to validate and translate this questionnaire, but they had difficulty to confirm its structure and then suggested alternatives. Faced with no consensus, a short version in nine statements was developed and showed good psychometric properties. To date, no French version of the PTCI has been validated, thereby preventing studies from investigating the role of posttraumatic cognitions in French speaking populations. Objectives In order to validate a French version of the PTCI, this study investigates two objectives using two French speaking samples: (1) test 10 factor structures identified in prior studies, and (2) assess the other psychometric properties of the best fitting factor structure. Method The PTCI was translated in French using a reverse translation method and administered to 202 university students and 114 aid workers. Suitability indexes of the appropriate factor structures previously identified in prior studies were examined. Internal consistency, correlations between subscales and convergent, divergent and discriminant validities in the most appropriate structure were evaluated. Results Results support that only Wells et al.'s short 9-item version of the PTCI and three factors shows excellent suitability indexes. This version also outlines an excellent internal consistency and solid convergent, divergent, and discriminant validities. Conclusions This study confirms the empirical validity, fidelity, and utility of Wells et al.'s short version of the PTCI. This is the first PTCI French validation, which is a major advantage when it comes to assess posttraumatic cognitions in French trauma victims.
Magnetization of Steel Building Materials and Structures in the Natural Geomagnetic Field

This paper presents the physical basis of the magnetic properties of ferromagnetic materials and shows their relationships with external geomagnetic field. It graphically processes the experimental data detected by an HMR magnetometer. Taking into account the natural geomagnetic field under the effects of steel U profiles, variations of the natural geomagnetic field in a steel structure building are indicated and the potential existence of Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) in these types of buildings is pointed out.
A FAQ Approach for Collecting Evidence on Formal Method Industrial Usage.

After several decades, formal methods are gaining ground in Industry. However, as pointed out by the results of Woodcock et al’s survey, formal methods still need significant additional effort in several areas, most notably in collecting evidence on the use of formal methods and tools in Industry. This article proposes an approach for building a repository of evidence material. The main benefits of the proposed approach are first to make it possible to integrate information for many Industry pilots that have tested diverse formal methods. The secondary benefit is that the current implementation of the approach has a ‘project on a forge’ and of the repository as a wiki of that project is simple yet efficient in managing access and contribution rights. Nonetheless, the shortcomings of the current implementation are also reviewed.