Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reducing Power Dissipation in Memory Repair for High Fault Rates

Nanometric scaling steadily increases failure rates, which are particularly acute for ultimate complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) and post-CMOS devices. We previously established an ECC-based method of memory repair that dramatically reduced the cost for high fault rates, and in this article, we establish a repair architecture that further reduces the power cost. Since CAMs are power hungry (as the address of each memory operation is compared with all the tag fields), we use a cache with the following innovations: 1) innovative repair architecture: although a direct-mapped cache and a set-associative cache that employs offset address bits are efficient for performance of CPUs, we show that they are inefficient for memory repair, since the characteristics of the memory words that need to be replaced in memory repair are different from the case of CPUs, and hence, rather than using any of these cache architectures, we establish an innovative memory repair method that uses another cache and an overflow block; 2) this architecture is thousand times more efficient than other approaches to memory repair based on a CAM or cache; 3) we present a yield computation that determines the size of each block of this repair architecture that is needed to achieve any target yield, and we establish this using a novel probabilistic approach, mathematical approaches and algorithms; and 4) at high fault rates, the yield computation is intractable; we make it tractable via an innovative recursive mathematical approach that significantly reduces the number of operations.
Enhancing IoT Security: Design and Evaluation of a Raspberry Pi-Based Intrusion Detection System

With the increasing number of IoT devices, safe-guarding them against cyber attacks has become a complex task. Traditional intrusion detection system (IDS) solutions are often impractical for resource-constrained IoT devices. To address this challenge, this research proposes and evaluates a Raspberry Pi-based IDS specifically designed to secure IoT devices. The study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the Pi-based IDS in detecting various network attacks, identify configuration changes to enhance its performance, and assess any potential vulnerabilities. The methodology involves conducting attacks on an IoT environment consisting of a Raspberry Pi with IDS, a temperature sensor transmitting data to a web server, and a background traffic generator. The study analyzes and presents metrics data extracted from log files. The expected outcome is to demonstrate the efficacy of the Raspberry Pi-based IDS and provide insights into its potential advantages for securing IoT devices by detecting network attacks. The findings of this research will contribute to the existing IoT security literature and offer recommendations for optimizing the Snort IDS on the Raspberry Pi platform.
Analysis for the Redundancy and Relativity of the Observation in Line Photogrammetry

This paper mainly focuses on analysis for the redundancy and relativity of the observation in line photogrammetry. The indispensable observations for space resection in line photogrammetry is discussed, so do the relationship between the precision and the position of observational points in line primitive. Finally two group experiments are carried out to prove the rationality of the proposed viewpoint.
Influence of Interference and Sampling Period in the Performance of Networked Control Systems

Networked control systems (NCS)s have revolutionized control system technology, attracting significant attention from engineers over the past decade due to their flexibility, scalability, and ease of deployment. NCSs consist of physical components, including plants, sensors, and actuators, that communicate through networks. However, communication between the system and the controller faces challenges, such as interference signals and signal delays, which can affect system performance. This paper investigates the performance of an oscillatory system influenced by interference signals and sampling period. The simulations are conducted using the TrueTime toolbox in Matlab, enabling a comprehensive analysis of the system's behavior. By studying the impact of interference signals and sampling period, we aim to gain insights into the robustness and stability of the system under different network conditions. The findings from this study contribute to the development of strategies for mitigating the effects of communication challenges in NCSs. Whole, this research sheds light on the performance aspects of NCSs and the implications of communication constraints on system behavior. The results obtained provide valuable guidance for enhancing the design and implementation of networked control systems in practical applications.
Comparison of Uterine Involution and the Resumption of Ovarian Cyclicity between Lame and Sound Holstein Cows

Simple Summary Rapid and successful involution of the reproductive system is necessary for reproductive efficiency in dairy cows. This study aimed to examine the effect of lameness on uterine involution and the ovarian onset of cows with otherwise healthy puerperium. Retrospectively, the involvement of cows’ energy status and its interaction with lameness was assessed. Lame cows showed delayed involution of the reproductive tract (cervix and formerly pregnant uterine horn), lower ovulation rates, higher rates of atresia or cyst formation, and worse energy profiles regarding NEFA concentrations compared to sound cows. High NEFA concentrations affected these parameters separately and in relation to lameness, with the cows experiencing both conditions being most impacted regarding their reproductive physiology. Abstract The aim of the study was to examine the effect of lameness and energy status on the involution of the uterus and the resumption of ovarian cyclicity in dairy cows. Lame (lameness score of four and the presence of hoof lesions, n = 22) and sound (normal gait and the absence of hoof lesions, n = 25) multiparous cows with healthy puerperium were enrolled simultaneously in the study and were monitored from day 10 antepartum (ap) to day 50 post-partum (pp). Ultrasonography of the cervix, the formerly gravid uterine horn and the ovarian structures was performed on d 8, 11, 14, 23, 30, and 42 pp. Blood sampling for progesterone, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) was used to assess cyclicity and energy status. Lame compared to sound cows had higher NEFA concentrations on day 14 pp (0.54 ± 0.05 vs. 0.37 ± 0.05, respectively, p = 0.005), delayed involution of the cervix and the formerly pregnant uterine horn (p = 0.0003 and p = 0.02, respectively), lower ovulation rates within the experimental period (63.6% vs. 88%, respectively, p = 0.05), and higher rates of atresia or cyst formation on day 50 pp (36.4% vs. 12%, respectively, p = 0.05). Independently of lameness status, cows with high NEFA concentrations had lower ovulation rates within the experimental period (65.5% vs. 94.4%, p = 0.02), lower normal ovarian activity on day 50 pp (58.6% vs. 88.9%, p = 0.03), and higher rates of atresia or cyst formation on day 50 pp (34.5% vs. 5.6%, p = 0.02) compared to cows with optimal NEFA concentrations. Furthermore, an interaction between lameness and increased NEFA concentrations was observed regarding the ovulation rate within the experimental period and the percentage of atresia or cyst formation on day 50 pp. Sound cows with low NEFA levels had the lowest mean cervical diameter compared to cows with lameness (both with elevated and optimal NEFA concentrations, p = 0.009 and p = 0.002, respectively). Conclusively, lameness during puerperium negatively affected ovarian function and uterine involution. These effects were exacerbated (through interaction or cumulation) in relation to elevated NEFA concentrations.
Vein–Membrane Interaction in Cambering of Flapping Insect Wings

It is still unclear how elastic deformation of flapping insect wings caused by the aerodynamic pressure results in their significant cambering. In this study, we present that a vein–membrane interaction (VMI) can clarify this mechanical process. In order to investigate the VMI, we propose a numerical method that consists of (a) a shape simplification model wing that consists of a few beams and a rectangular shell structure as the structural essence of flapping insect wings for the VMI, and (b) a monolithic solution procedure for strongly coupled beam and shell structures with large deformation and large rotation to analyze the shape simplification model wing. We incorporate data from actual insects into the proposed numerical method for the VMI. In the numerical analysis, we demonstrate that the model wing can generate a camber equivalent to that of the actual insects. Hence, the VMI will be a mechanical basis of the cambering of flapping insect wings. Furthermore, we present the mechanical roles of the veins in cambering. The intermediate veins increase the out-of-plane deflection of the wing membrane due to the aerodynamic pressure in the central area of the wing, while they decrease it in the vicinity of the trailing edge. As a result, these veins create the significant camber. The torsional flexibility of the leading-edge veins increases the magnitude of cambering.
Toward Red Light Emitters Based on InGaN-Containing Short-Period Superlattices with InGaN Buffers

In order to shift the light emission of nitride quantum structures towards the red color, the technological problem of low In incorporation in InGaN−based heterostructures has to be solved. To overcome this problem, we consider superlattices grown on InGaN buffers with different In content. Based on the comparison of the calculated ab initio superlattice band gaps with the photoluminescence emission energies obtained from the measurements on the specially designed samples grown by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy, it is shown that by changing the superlattice parameters and the composition of the buffer structures, the light emission can be shifted to lower energies by about 167 nm (0.72 eV) in comparison to the case of a similar type of superlattices grown on GaN substrate. The importance of using superlattices to achieve red emission and the critical role of the InGaN buffer are demonstrated.
Immunomodulation of Antibody Glycosylation through the Placental Transfer

Establishing an immune balance between the mother and fetus during gestation is crucial, with the placenta acting as the epicenter of immune tolerance. The placental transfer of antibodies, mainly immunoglobulin G (IgG), is critical in protecting the developing fetus from infections. This review looks at how immunomodulation of antibody glycosylation occurs during placental transfer and how it affects fetal health. The passage of maternal IgG antibodies through the placental layers, including the syncytiotrophoblast, stroma, and fetal endothelium, is discussed. The effect of IgG subclass, glycosylation, concentration, maternal infections, and antigen specificity on antibody transfer efficiency is investigated. FcRn-mediated IgG transport, influenced by pH-dependent binding, is essential for placental transfer. Additionally, this review delves into the impact of glycosylation patterns on antibody functionality, considering both protective and pathological effects. Factors affecting the transfer of protective antibodies, such as maternal vaccination, are discussed along with reducing harmful antibodies. This in-depth examination of placental antibody transfer and glycosylation provides insights into improving neonatal immunity and mitigating the effects of maternal autoimmune and alloimmune conditions.
The Potential of Seizure to Predict Prognosis in Glioblastoma Patients: A retrospective Study

Objective Glioma, particularly glioblastoma (GBM), represents a prevalent and aggressive primary brain tumor with limited curative options. Epileptic seizures often manifest as a common clinical symptom in these patients, but their prognostic significance remains debated. This study aimed to retrospectively analyze the clinical presentations, tumor characteristics, and the impact of seizures on the prognosis of GBM patients. Materials and Methods A total of 113 adult patients with histologically confirmed GBM treated between April 2018 and January 2022 were included in this retrospective analysis. Data encompassed clinical symptoms, preoperative and postoperative seizures, tumor localization, overall survival (OS), and other relevant factors. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the relationships between seizures and various prognostic parameters. Results Seizures were present in 39.8% of GBM patients, with 20 patients experiencing both preoperative and postoperative seizures. Preoperative and postoperative seizures were not significantly associated with differences in prognosis (p>0.05). Tumor localization, OS, Karnofsky performance score, and length of hospital stay showed significant differences between patients with and without seizures (p<0.05). Complete resection was achieved in 90.3% of patients, leading to a relatively lower incidence of postoperative seizures. Conclusion Seizures in GBM patients are associated with OS, Karnofsky performance score, and hospitalization duration, independently of other factors. The presence of seizures serves as a valuable prognostic indicator for GBM, prompting further investigation into its influence on patient outcomes, quality of life, and socioeconomic aspects of survival. These findings emphasize the importance of early seizure management in GBM patients and the need for tailored treatment strategies.
Trehalose and Dry Eye Disease: A Comprehensive Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

The purpose of the research project was to extensively review the efficacy and safety of a trehalose tear-substitute treatment in cases of dry eye disease (DED). A systematic review that included only full-length randomized controlled studies (RCTs) reporting the effects of trehalose tear-substitute treatment in three databases, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science, was performed according to the PRISMA statement. The search period included papers published before 8 August 2023. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool was used to analyze the quality of the studies selected. A total of 10 RCTs were included in this systematic review. Trehalose tear-substitute treatments achieved a higher improvement than did control group interventions in all reported variables. The mean differences between both groups were in favor of trehalose, and were as follows: ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire score of −8.5 ± 7 points, tear film breakup time (TBUT) of 1.9 ± 1 s, tear film thickness (TFT) of 0.25 ± 0.1 μm, tear meniscus height (TMH) of 0.02 ± 0.02 mm, Schirmer test (ST) of 0.8 ± 1.4 mm, corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) of −0.7 ± 0.1 points and visual acuity (VA) of 0.3 ± 2.1 letters. No adverse events after trehalose tear-substitute treatments were reported. Trehalose tear substitutes are a safe and effective treatment for DED. Therefore, trehalose tear substitutes should be recommended for patients with dry eye disease. In addition, there is specific evidence to support its use in the preoperative cataract surgery period.
Ultrastructural Abnormalities in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Stem Cells and Neurons of Two Cohen Syndrome Patients

Cohen syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by VPS13B (COH1) gene mutations. This syndrome is significantly underdiagnosed and is characterized by intellectual disability, microcephaly, autistic symptoms, hypotension, myopia, retinal dystrophy, neutropenia, and obesity. VPS13B regulates intracellular membrane transport and supports the Golgi apparatus structure, which is critical for neuron formation. We generated induced pluripotent stem cells from two patients with pronounced manifestations of Cohen syndrome and differentiated them into neural stem cells and neurons. Using transmission electron microscopy, we documented multiple new ultrastructural changes associated with Cohen syndrome in the neuronal cells. We discovered considerable disturbances in the structure of some organelles: Golgi apparatus fragmentation and swelling, endoplasmic reticulum structural reorganization, mitochondrial defects, and the accumulation of large autophagosomes with undigested contents. These abnormalities underline the ultrastructural similarity of Cohen syndrome to many neurodegenerative diseases. The cell models that we developed based on patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells can serve to uncover not only neurodegenerative processes, but the causes of intellectual disability in general.
Biosourced Multiphase Systems Based on Poly(Lactic Acid) and Polyamide 11 from Blends to Multi-Micro/Nanolayer Polymers Fabricated with Forced-Assembly Multilayer Coextrusion

The objective of the present study was to investigate multiphase systems based on polylactic acid (PLA) and polyamide 11 (PA11) from blends to multilayers. Firstly, PLA/PA11 blends compatibilized with a multifunctionalized epoxide, Joncryl, were obtained through reactive extrusion, and the thermal, morphological, rheological, and mechanical behaviors of these materials were investigated. The role of Joncryl as a compatibilizer for the PLA/PA11 system was demonstrated by the significant decrease in particle size and interfacial tension as well as by the tensile properties exhibiting a ductile behavior. Based on these findings, we were able to further clarify the effects of interdiffusion and diffuse interphase formation on the structure, rheology, and mechanics of compatible multilayered systems fabricated with forced-assembly multilayer coextrusion. The results presented herein aim to provide a deeper understanding of the interfacial properties, including the rheological, mechanical, and morphological behaviors, towards the control of the interface and confinement in multilayer polymers resulting from coextrusion, and also to permit their use in advanced applications.
Cultivable Gut Microbiota in Synanthropic Bats: Shifts of Its Composition and Diversity Associated with Hibernation

Simple Summary Bats play a significant role in public health and animal welfare as these animals are hosts for emerging pathogens. Urbanization has resulted in the acquisition of these animals’ synanthropic behavior. Urban infrastructure suits bats as their hibernacula more than their natural sites due to the absence of predators, relatively high temperatures, and the close location of potential roost sites. However, the microbiota of hibernating bats is little studied, leaving some degree of uncertainty on how the abundance and diversity of gut bacteria are affected by low body temperature and food deprivation. In this study, we investigated the composition of cultivable gut microbiota before, during, and after hibernation of bats in the rehabilitation center. As a result, we observed a high abundance of opportunistic pathogens in the gut microbiota of active bats that had just arrived at the rehabilitation center that they had probably received from the environment. During the hibernation of bats, the abundance of these bacteria was significantly decreased, while the abundance of some other commensals was increased with an overall decrease in microbial diversity. This study shows how hibernation affects bat gut microbiota, pointing to the necessity of investigation of the bat–microbiota relationship during hibernation to prevent emerging diseases. Abstract The role of bats in the global microbial ecology no doubt is significant due to their unique immune responses, ability to fly, and long lifespan, all contributing to pathogen spread. Some of these animals hibernate during winter, which results in the altering of their physiology. However, gut microbiota shifts during hibernation is little studied. In this research, we studied cultivable gut microbiota composition and diversity of Nyctalus noctula before, during, and after hibernation in a bat rehabilitation center. Gut microorganisms were isolated on a broad spectrum of culture media, counted, and identified with mass spectrometry. Linear modeling was used to investigate associations between microorganism abundance and N. noctula physiological status, and alpha- and beta-diversity indexes were used to explore diversity changes. As a result, most notable changes were observed in Serratia liquefaciens, Hafnia alvei, Staphylococcus sciuri, and Staphylococcus xylosus, which were significantly more highly abundant in hibernating bats, while Citrobacter freundii, Klebsiella oxytoca, Providencia rettgeri, Citrobacter braakii, and Pedicoccus pentosaceus were more abundant in active bats before hibernation. The alpha-diversity was the lowest in hibernating bats, while the beta-diversity differed significantly among all studied periods. Overall, this study shows that hibernation contributes to changes in bat cultivable gut microbiota composition and diversity.
Tolerance of Brazilian Bean Cultivars to S-Metolachlor and Poaceae Weed Control in Two Agricultural Soils

Brazil stands out in the world for being one of the largest producers and consumers of common beans and cowpeas. However, the cultivation of this agricultural species is exposed to competition with weeds for water, light and nutrients. One of the management methods for weed control is the use of pre-emergent herbicides. Although pre-emergence herbicides are beneficial in controlling weeds, it is important to know the dynamics of these products in the soil, especially their residual effect. Two experiments were carried out to assess the tolerance of bean genotypes to the pre-emergent herbicide S-metolachlor in two Brazilian soils. Bean genotypes have differential tolerance to S-metolachlor when grown in soils with different characteristics. The Vigna spp. were the most affected by S-metolachlor, especially the red Adzuki. Plant growth was more sensitive when grown in sandy soil for most species. Total chlorophyll content was not affected for most genotypes in the two soils evaluated. The differential tolerance of the genotypes in both soils confirms the potential of S-metolachlor to cause damage to the bean crop, especially in sandy soil. The S-metolachlor was efficient in controlling sourgrass and selective to the bean cultivars (Pérola and Talismã) in both soils evaluated. Alexandergrass behaved differently in the soils evaluated, showing tolerance to the application of S-metolachlor when in Oxisol and sensitivity in Ultisol.