Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Price-Setting of Market Makers: A Filtering Problem with an Endogenous Filtration

We study the price-setting problem of market makers under risk neutrality and perfect competition in continuous time. Thereby we follow the classic Glosten-Milgrom model that defines bid and ask prices as expectations of a true value of the asset given the market makers' partial information that includes the customers trading decisions. The true value is modeled as a Markov process that can be observed by the customers with some noise at Poisson times. We analyze the price-setting problem in a mathematically rigorous way by solving a filtering problem with an endogenous filtration that depends on the bid and ask price process quoted by the market maker. Under some conditions we show existence and uniqueness of the price processes.
Pitfalls of a State-dominated Financial System : The Case of China 1

State-owned financial institutions have been proposed as a way to address market failure, though the literature has also highlighted their pathological problems. This paper examines pitfalls of a statedominated financial system in the case of China, including possible segmentation of the internal capital market due to local government interference and mis-allocation of capital. Even without formal legal prohibition to capital movement across regions, we find that capital mobility within China is low. Furthermore, to the extent some capital moves around the country, the government (as opposed to the private sector) tends to reallocate capital systematically away from more productive regions towards less productive ones. In this context, a smaller role of the government in the financial sector might increase economic efficiency and the rate of economic growth. JEL Classification Number: G1, F3
Reduced Expression of Syngap, a Neuronal Gtpase Activating Protein, Enhances Capsaicin-induced Peripheral Sensitization. Running Head: Syngap and Peripheral Sensitization

20 SynGAP is a neuronal specific Ras/Rap-GTPase activating protein (GAP) that 21 increases the hydrolysis rate of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) to guanosine 22 diphosphate (GDP), converting Ras/Rap from the active into the inactive form. The Ras 23 protein family modulates a wide range of cellular pathways including those involved in 24 sensitization of sensory neurons. Since GAPs regulate Ras activity, SynGAP might be 25 an important regulator of peripheral sensitization and pain. Therefore, we evaluated 26 excitability, stimulus-evoked release of the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide 27 (CGRP), and nociception from wild type mice (WT) and those with a heterozygous 28 mutation of the SynGAP gene (SynGAP +/
La inversión extranjera directa como una salida al problema de la brecha de bienes de capital y conocimientos en México [The direct foreign investment like a solution to the problem of the gap of capital assets and knowledge in Mexico]

In this work we made an empirical application of the model of Romer (1993) for the 32 states of Mexico on period 1990-2000, in order to determine if this country faces a gap of physical goods or a technological gap in the ample sense (that is to say, that inlcluye knowledge and ideas). We found that in the indicated period, Mexico faces both gaps, and therefore, it can take advantage from the direct foreign Investment to cover both.
Data-Driven Dialectology

Most studies of language variation proceed from the geographic or social distribution of single elements (features), and find it difficult to proceed further. Data-driven dialectology, and more generally, data-driven variationist studies, begin instead from an aggregate view of language variation and reap immediate benefits in dealing with well-known exceptions in the distributions of single features and in avoiding the need to select which features to use as the basis of characterizations. But the major advance is the opportunity to characterize general tendencies in linguistic variation.
Molecular Analysis of the anthocyanin2 Gene of Petunia and Its Role in the Evolution of Flower Color

The shape and color of flowers are important for plant reproduction because they attract pollinators such as insects and birds. Therefore, it is thought that alterations in these traits may result in the attraction of different pollinators, genetic isolation, and ultimately, (sympatric) speciation. Petunia integrifolia and P. axillaris bear flowers with different shapes and colors that appear to be visited by different insects. The anthocyanin2 (an2) locus, a regulator of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway, is the main determinant of color differences. Here, we report an analysis of molecular events at the an2 locus that occur during Petunia spp evolution. We isolated an2 by transposon tagging and found that it encodes a MYB domain protein, indicating that it is a transcription factor. Analysis of P. axillaris subspecies with white flowers showed that they contain an2- alleles with two alternative frameshifts at one site, apparently caused by the insertion and subsequent excision of a transposon. A third an2- allele has a nonsense mutation elsewhere, indicating that it arose independently. The distribution of polymorphisms in an2- alleles suggests that the loss of an2 function and the consequent changes in floral color were not the primary cause for genetic separation of P. integrifolia and P. axillaris. Rather, they were events that occurred late in the speciation process, possibly to reinforce genetic isolation and complete speciation.
Monitoring forest regrowth following large scale fire using satellite data-A case study of Yellowstone National Park, USA-

Abstract Monitoring forest regrowth following major fires is important for understanding controls on forest regeneration and succession and detecting change in postfire plant communities. In this study we examined the extent to which forest regrowth following the 1988 Yellowstone National Park fires can be characterized by optical remote sensing data, and the spatial patterns associated with regrowth. Using a near-annual time series of Landsat satellite imagery, several satellite-based metrics were compared with field-based data of burn extent and post-fire stand structure and function. While there was little correlation between lodgepole pine density and our satellite metrics, single year regressions produced results over 80% and trend analysis of multiyear sites were able to explain 60 to 70% of the variability found between the ground collected data and the satellite metrics.
The Use of Vegetative Environmental Buffers for Livestock and Poultry Odor Management

Description: An odor mitigation technology that is drawing a lot of attention in Iowa and in other livestock producing states is the strategic use of shelterbelts – purposefully planted trees and shrubs usually arranged in linear patterns; a technical term for shelterbelts being used for odor mitigation is Vegetative Environmental Buffers or VEBs (Malone et al., 2006). Research evidence suggests that VEBs strategically located near and around livestock facilities can play an important incremental role in bio-physically and socio-psychologically mitigating odor in an economically feasible way (Tyndall and Colletti, 2007).
Coupled-oscillator system with two stable phase-shift intervals

In this work, a coupled-oscillator system with coupling networks containing discrete transmissions lines, made up of inductors and varactors, is presented. Under weak coupling conditions, it is possible to obtain two stable phase-shift intervals, -90o to 90o and 90o to 270o, by using two different values of the varactor bias voltage. For each of these two bias voltages, the inter-stage phase shift is varied with the tuning voltage of the outermost oscillators, so the use of the discrete lines provides a simple mechanism to increase the phase-shifting capabilities. The two bias voltages of the line varactor diodes are selected so as to obtain optimum operation conditions in each phase interval, with minimum frequency deviation, maximum and unambiguous tuning parameter excursion and a flat phase-noise response versus the imposed phase shift. The impact of the novel type of coupling network on the stability properties is investigated with an explicit semi-analytical formulation. Agreement has been obtained with measured results.
Group communication techniques in overlay networks

One type of Internet services that have recently gained much attention are services that enable people around the world to communicate in real-time. Such services of real-time interaction are offered by applications most commonly referred to as distributed interactive applications. Concrete examples of distributed interactive applications are multiplayer online games, audio/video conferencing, and many virtual-reality applications linked to education, entertainment, military, etc. A time-dependent requirement generally applies to all distributed interactive applications that aim to support real-time interaction, and is usually in terms of a few hundred milliseconds. The latency requirements are manifested in terms of event-distribution, group membership management, group dynamics, etc., far exceeding the requirements of many other applications.
The Muscle Protein Synthetic Response to Carbohydrate and Protein Ingestion Is Not Impaired in Men with Longstanding

Protein ingestion stimulates muscle protein synthesis and improves net muscle protein balance. Insulin resistance has been suggested to result in a reduced muscle protein synthetic response to food intake. As such, we hypothesized that type 2 diabetes patients have a impaired muscle protein synthetic response to food ingestion. To test this hypothesis, 10 male type 2 diabetes patients using their normal oral glucose-lowering medication (68 6 2 y) and 10 matched, normoglycemic men (65 6 2 y) were randomly assigned to 2 crossover treatments in which whole body and muscle protein synthesis were measured following the consumption of either carbohydrate (CHO) or carbohydrate with a protein hydrolysate (CHO1PRO). Primed, continuous infusions with L-[ring- 13 C6]phenylalanine and L-[ring- 2 H2]tyrosine were applied and blood and muscle samples were collected to assess whole-body protein balance and mixed muscle protein fractional synthetic rate over a 6-h period. Whole-body phenylalanine and tyrosine flux were higher after the CHO1PRO treatment compared with the CHO treatment in the diabetes and control group (P , 0.01). Protein balance was negative following CHO but positive following CHO1PRO treatment in both groups. Muscle protein synthesis rates were higher in both groups following the CHO1PRO (0.086 6 0.014%/h) treatment than in the CHO treatment (0.040 6 0.003%/h; P , 0.01) with no difference between the diabetes patients and normoglycemic controls. We conclude that the muscle protein synthetic response to CHO or CHO1PRO ingestion is not substantially impaired in longstanding, type 2 diabetes patients treated with oral blood glucose-lowering medication. J. Nutr. 138: 1079‐1085, 2008.
Expression of Proteins, Glycoproteins, and Transcripts in the Guts of Fasting, Fed, and Trypanosoma cruzi-Infected Triatomines: A Systematic Review

Chagas disease is caused by the hemoflagellate protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. The main transmission mechanism for the parasite in endemic areas is contact with the feces of an infected triatomine bug. Part of the life cycle of T. cruzi occurs in the digestive tract of triatomines, where vector and parasite engage in a close interaction at a proteomic–molecular level. This interaction triggers replication and differentiation processes in the parasite that can affect its infectivity for the vertebrate host. With the aim of compiling and analyzing information from indexed publications on transcripts, proteins, and glycoproteins in the guts of fasting, fed, and T. cruzi-infected triatomines in the period 2000–2022, a systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Fifty-five original research articles retrieved from PubMed and ScienceDirect were selected; forty-four papers reported 1–26,946 transcripts, and twenty-one studies described 1–2603 peptides/proteins.
Potenziale und Risiken eingeführter Baumarten

ISSN: 1867-6731 E nachhaltige, multifunktionale Forstwirtschaft hat den Anspruch, Wälder so zu pfl egen und zu nutzen, dass deren Produktivität, Verjüngungsfähigkeit, Vitalität und biologische Vielfalt erhalten bleiben. In der Vergangenheit hat sich gezeigt, dass weder im Kielwasser der Rohholzerzeugung noch in jenem des Naturschutzes alle Waldfunktionen angemessen erfüllt werden. Die Integration eingeführter Baumarten in einen Waldbau auf ökologischen Grundlagen erfordert daher Kompromisse, die sich auf der Basis wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse in der Regel auch fi nden lassen. Konkret bedeutet dies, dass der Anbau nicht invasiver eingeführter Baumarten in gewissem Umfang vom Naturschutz ebenso akzeptiert wird, wie seitens der Forstwirtschaft naturschutzfachliche Interessen berücksichtigt werden, indem bei ihrem Anbau auf eine räumliche Ordnung geachtet wird und bestehende Vorkommen invasiver Baumarten zurückgedrängt werden. Ziel dieser Ausarbeitung ist es vor diesem Hintergrund, die Potenziale und Risiken von 15 eingeführten Baumarten auf der Grundlage wissenschaftlicher Literatur und langjähriger Forschungsarbeiten auf Versuchsfl ächen der verschiedenen Forschungseinrichtungen und Anbaufl ächen der Forstbetriebe aufzuzeigen, um die zwischen Naturschutz und Forstwirtschaft aufgekommene Diskussion zu versachlichen. Torsten Vor, Hermann Spellmann, Andreas Bolte, Christian Ammer (Hrsg.)
Hyperpolarization-activated Cation Current (i H ) Is an Ethanol Target in Midbrain Dopamine Neurons of Mice Slices and Solutions

Hyperpolarization-activated cation current (I h) is an ethanol target in midbrain dopamine neurons of mice. Ethanol stimulates the firing activity of midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons, leading to enhanced dopaminergic transmission in the me-solimbic system. This effect is thought to underlie the behavioral reinforcement of alcohol intake. Ethanol has been shown to directly enhance the intrinsic pacemaker activity of DA neurons, yet the cellular mechanism mediating this excitation remains poorly understood. The hyperpolarization-activated cation current, I h , is known to contribute to the pacemaker firing of DA neurons. To determine the role of I h in ethanol excitation of DA neurons, we performed patch-clamp recordings in acutely prepared mouse midbrain slices. Super-fusion of ethanol increased the spontaneous firing frequency of DA neurons in a reversible fashion. Treatment with ZD7288, a blocker of I h , irreversibly depressed basal firing frequency and significantly attenuated the stimulatory effect of ethanol on firing. Furthermore, ethanol reversibly augmented I h amplitude and accelerated its activation kinetics. This effect of ethanol was accompanied by a shift in the voltage dependence of I h activation to more depolarized potentials and an increase in the maximum I h conductance. Cyclic AMP mediated the depolarizing shift in I h activation but not the increase in the maximum conductance. Finally, repeated ethanol treatment in vivo induced downregulation of I h density in DA neurons and an accompanying reduction in the magnitude of ethanol stimulation of firing. These results suggest an important role of I h in the reinforcing actions of ethanol and in the neuroadaptations underlying escalation of alcohol consumption associated with alcoholism. The dopaminergic projection from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and other limbic structures , termed the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system, is critically involved in reward processing, behavioral reinforcement, and addictive behaviors. Several lines of evidence show that this system plays an important role in the reinforcing/rewarding actions of ethanol. Administration of DA antagonists, either system-ically or directly into the NAc, suppresses ethanol-reinforced behavioral responses, such as ethanol drinking, self-administration , and preference (George et al. stimulatory effect of ethanol results, at least partly, from its direct action on the intrinsic excitability of DA neurons (Brodie et al. 1999). DA neurons display a slowly activating, inward cation current, termed I h , in response to membrane hyperpolarization (Harris and Constanti 1995; Neuhoff et al. 2002). I h , originally described in cardiac …
Security and Composition of Multi-party Cryptographic Protocols

We present general deenitions of security for multi-party cryptographic protocols, with focus on the task of evaluating a probabilistic function of the parties' inputs. We show that, with respect to these deenitions, security is preserved under a natural composition operation. The deenitions follow the general paradigm of known deenitions; yet some substantial modii-cations and simpliications are introduced. The composition operation is the naturaìsubroutine substitution' operation, formalized by Micali and Rogaway. We consider several standard settings for multi-party protocols, including the cases of eavesdropping , Byzantine, non-adaptive and adaptive adversaries, as well as the information-theoretic and the computational models. In particular, in the computational model we provide the rst deenition of security of protocols that is shown to be preserved under composition.tion, composition of protocols.
The University of Amsterdam's Concept Detection System at ImageCLEF 2010

Our group within the University of Amsterdam participated in the large-scale visual concept detection task of ImageCLEF 2010. The sub-missions from our visual concept detection system have resulted in the best visual-only run in the per-concept evaluation. In the per-image evaluation, it achieves the highest score in terms of example-based F-measure across all types of runs.
Two dimensional topological strings and gauge theory

We study topological A-type string on an arbitrary two dimen sional target space. Using the Virasoro constraints, proven by A. Ok ounkov and R. Pandharipande, we find an explicit formula for the parti tion function. The target space field theory reproducing this partition function is proposed. This field theory has infinite set of deforma tions which are overlooked by the standard definition of the topological string. We also discuss the relations to the multi-trace deformations of gauge theories, and make contact with quantum integrable systems. In addition, the target space theory can be in turn coupled to gravity, thereby realizing the topological string version of M. Green's "world sheets for worldsheets" idea.
MET-EGFR dimerization in lung adenocarcinoma is dependent on EGFR mtations and altered by MET kinase inhibition

Advanced lung cancer has poor survival with few therapies. EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have high response rates in patients with activating EGFR mutations, but acquired resistance is inevitable. Acquisition of the EGFR T790M mutation causes over 50% of resistance; MET amplification is also common. Preclinical data suggest synergy between MET and EGFR inhibitors. We hypothesized that EGFR-MET dimerization determines response to MET inhibition, depending on EGFR mutation status, independently of MET copy number. We tested this hypothesis by generating isogenic cell lines from NCI-H1975 cells, which co-express L858R and T790M EGFR mutations, namely H1975L858R/T790M (EGFR TKI resistant); H1975L858R (sensitized) and H1975WT (wild-type). We assessed cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth/stroma formation in derived xenograft models in response to a MET TKI (SGX523) and correlated with EGFR-MET dimerization assessed by Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET). SGX523 significantly reduced H1975L858R/T790M cell proliferation, xenograft tumor growth and decreased ERK phosphorylation. The same was not seen in H1975L858R or H1975WT cells. SGX523 only reduced stroma formation in H1975L858R. SGX523 reduced EGFR-MET dimerization in H1975L858R/T790M but induced dimer formation in H1975L858R with no effect in H1975WT. Our data suggests that MET inhibition by SGX523 and EGFR-MET heterodimerisation are determined by EGFR genotype. As tumor behaviour is modulated by this interaction, this could determine treatment efficacy.
Bioremediation: A Management Tool

Bioremediation means using biological agents to clean environment. Increase in the pollution has lead to increase in toxic substances in the environment and being referred to as most effective management tool bioremediation has tremendous future to be called as “Eco bio technology”. Hence we can infer that bioremediation is a attractive tool used at number of sites which were degraded and attained their original position with onset of this technology. Bioremediation technology uses the microbes to remediate contaminated environment and brings back it to original position. Bioremediation has also been a solution for various emerging problems.
Thresholds for activation of rabbit retinal ganglion cells with an ultrafine, extracellular microelectrode.

PURPOSE To determine electrical thresholds required for extracellular activation of retinal ganglion cells as part of a project to develop an epiretinal prosthesis. METHODS Retinal ganglion cells were recorded extracellularly in retinas isolated from adult New Zealand White rabbits. Electrical current pulses of 100- micro s duration were delivered to the inner surface of the retina from a 5- micro m long electrode. In about half of the cells, the point of lowest threshold was found by searching with anodal current pulses; in the other cells, cathodal current pulses were used. RESULTS Threshold measurements were obtained near the cell bodies of 20 ganglion cells and near the axons of 19 ganglion cells. Both cathodal and anodal stimuli evoked a neural response in the ganglion cells that consisted of a single action potential of near-constant latency that persisted when retinal synaptic transmission was blocked with cadmium chloride. For cell bodies, but not axons, thresholds for both cathodal and anodal stimulation were dependent on the search method used to find the point of lowest threshold. With search and stimulation of matching polarity, cathodal stimuli evoked a ganglion cell response at lower currents (approximately one seventh to one tenth axonal threshold) than did anodal stimuli for both cell bodies and axons. With cathodal search and stimulation, cell body median thresholds were somewhat lower (approximately one half) than the axonal median thresholds. With anodal search and stimulation, cell body median thresholds were approximately the same as axonal median thresholds. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that cathodal stimulation should produce lower thresholds, more localized stimulation, and somewhat better selectivity for cell bodies over axons than would anodal stimulation.
A Novel Coupled Transmission-reflection Tomography and the V-line Radon Transform

—The Radon transform (RT) on straight lines deals as mathematical foundation for conventional tomographic imaging (e.g. X-ray scanner, Single Photon Emission Computed Tomog-raphy (SPECT), Positron Emission Tomography (PET)) which use only one physical phenomenon, i.e. either transmission or emission of radiation. An imaging concept exploiting jointly two phenomena leads to a Radon transform defined on a geometrical support different from straight lines. In this paper, we propose a new two-dimensional X-ray imaging based on the coupling between transmission and reflection. Its modeling leads to a Radon transform defined on a pair of half-lines forming a vertical letter V, called V-line RT (V-RT). Moreover we establish the analytic inverse formula of this new transform, which forms the mathematical basis for image reconstruction. Through simulations, image formation and reconstruction results show the feasibility of this new imaging. The main advantage is the use of an one-dimensional detector which does not rotate for two-dimensional image reconstruction.