Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improved algorithm of retrieving oceanic surface wind speed based on a stratified media model at high sea states

Consider the effect of spray droplets and foams on the radar altimeter, an improved algorithm of retrieving oceanic surface wind speed is proposed in this study. Firstly, a four-layer medium model is established in order to simulate accurately the air–sea interface. Secondly, the microwave reflectivity of the established model is computed at 13.5 GHz. The computed results show that the effect of spray droplets and foams plays an important role in the reflectivity of the air–sea surface and causes it to decline from 0.6 to 0.23. Thirdly, the computed results are applied to retrieve the sea surface wind speed and an improved algorithm of retrieving wind speed is proposed. At low wind speeds, the improved algorithm is in good agreements with those reported results, and at high wind speeds is also in good agreements with some empirical algorithms presented by Brown, Young and so on. Finally, the improved algorithm can improve the sea surface wind speed retrieval more effectively and also is closer to the actual situation of the sea surface than those algorithms based on the three-layer medium model.
Bayes and Empirical Bayes Shrinkage Estimation of Regression Coefficients: A Cross-Validation Study

A Bayesian and an empirical Bayes approach to shrinkage estimation of regression coefficients and the uses of these in prediction are investigated. The methods, along with least squares and least absolute deviations, are applied to data sets of different sizes and cross-validated with observations not in the data sets. The fully Bayes and empirical Bayes methods are seen to perform consistently better in predicting the response variable than either of least squares or least absolute deviations.
Why Do Users Participate in Hashtag Challenges in a Short-form Video Platform ? : The Role of ParaSocial Interaction

일반 사용자들이 특정 주제에 관한 짧은 바이럴 동영상을 모방·제작·공유하는 해시태그 챌린지는 숏폼 비디오 플랫폼의 흥미로운 사회 현상 중 하나로 단연 손꼽힌다. 그러나 해시태그 챌린지의 인기가 높아지고 있음에도 불구하고, 관련 사용자 행동에 대한 이론적 논의는 여전히 매우 부족하다. 본 연구는 해시태그 챌린지에 대한 사용자의 참여 의도를 보다 정확히 이해하기 위해서 마이크로 인플루언서의 영향을 관심있게 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 준사회적 상호작용 이론과 모방 행동 문헌을 주요 이론적 근거로 활용하였다. TikTok 사용자를 대상으로 한 243개 설문조사 데이터를 분석한 결과, 본 연구는 사용자가 마이크로 인플루언서와 친밀감을 느끼는 환상(즉, 준사회적 상호작용)이 해시태그 챌린지에 대한 유저의 참여 의도에 상당한 긍정적인 영향을 미친다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 숏폼 비디오 플랫폼에서 준사회적 상호작용의 정도는 크게 미디어 콘텐츠 관련 요소와 미디어 캐릭터 관련 요소(콘텐츠 매력도, 신체적 매력도, 태도 유사성)에 의해 결정된다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구는 숏폼 비디오 플랫폼에서 마이크로 인플루언서의 활용 효과를 높이기 위한 방법에 관한 이론적·실무적 시사점을 제공한다.
Size-dependent martensitic transformation path causing atomic-scale twinning of nanocrystalline NiTi shape memory alloys

Nanocrystalline NiTi alloys were processed by devitrification of an amorphous phase to elucidate the impact of the nanocrystallinity on the thermally induced martensitic phase transformation. Forced by a size-dependent strain energy barrier, atomic-scale twinning leads to a unique path of the martensitic phase transformation. The observed twin boundaries of very low energy facilitate arrays of compound twins on atomic scale to overcome the strain energy barrier of the nanograins thus violating the hitherto well-established theory of martensite formation.
ON PRODUCTS OF PSEUDO-ANOSOV MAPS AND DEHN TWISTS OF RIEMANN SURFACES WITH PUNCTURES

Abstract Let S be a Riemann surface of type (p,n) with 3p+n>4 and n≥1. We investigate products of some pseudo-Anosov maps θ and Dehn twists tα on S, and prove that under certain conditions the products tkα∘θ are pseudo-Anosov for all integers k. We also give examples that show that tkα∘θ are not pseudo-Anosov for some integers k.
Simulation of partial discharges in conducting and non-conducting electrical tree structures

Electrical treeing is of interest to the electrical generation, transmission and distribution industries as it is one of the causes of insulation failure in electrical machines, switchgear and transformer bushings. Previous experimental investigations of electrical treeing in epoxy resins have found evidence that the tree structures formed were either electrically conducting or non-conducting, depending on whether the epoxy resin was in a flexible state (above its glass transition temperature) or in the glassy state (below its glass transition temperature). In this paper we extend an existing model, of partial discharges within an arbitrarily defined non-conducting electrical tree structure, to the case of electrical conducting trees. With the inclusion of tree channel conductivity, the partial discharge model could simulate successfully the experimentally observed partial discharge activity occurring in trees grown in both the flexible and glassy epoxy resins. This modelling highlights a fundamental difference in the mechanism of electrical tree growth in flexible and glassy epoxy resins. The much lower resistivities of the tree channels grown in the glassy epoxy resins may be due to conducting decomposition (carbonized) products condensing on the side walls of the existing channels, whereas, in the case of non-conducting tree channels, subsequent discharges within the main branches lead to side-wall erosion and a consequent widening of the tubules. The differing electrical characteristics of the tree tubules also have consequences for the development of diagnostic tools for the early detection of pre-breakdown phenomena.
Time‐frequency‐domain formulation of ultrasonic frequency analysis

The ultrasonic frequency spectrum is interpreted by Fourier analysis techniques. This approach leads to the same conclusions concerning flaw characterization as previous interference models; in addition, a number of other spectral characteristics are easily explained. Finally, the present treatment indicates that frequency analysis may be applicable to many additional problems, viz., timing measurements of any type (e.g., thickness or velocity measurements), wide‐band attenuation measurements, and phase‐shift measurements (e.g., determination of relative acoustic impedance).
Theoretical analysis of multiple quantum-well, slow-light devices under applied external fields using a fully analytical model in fractional dimension

We report a theoretical study of optical properties of AlGaAs/GaAs multiple quantum-well (MQW), slow-light devices based on excitonic population oscillations under applied external magnetic and electric fields using an analytical model for complex dielectric constant of Wannier excitons in fractional dimension. The results are shown for quantum wells (QWs) of different width. The significant characteristics of the exciton in QWs such as exciton energy and exciton oscillator strength (EOS) can be varied by application of external magnetic and electric fields. It is found that a higher bandwidth and an appropriate slow-down factor (SDF) can be achieved by changing the QW width during the fabrication process and by applying magnetic and electric fields during device functioning, respectively. It is shown that a SDF of is obtained at best.
Closing a gap to normal hearing

Josefine Juul Jensen, M.A. Clinical Research Audiologist Centre for Applied Audiology Research, Oticon A/S April, 2019. Note: The investigations described in this white paper evolve around the effects of the OpenSound Navigator. As per February 2019, the OpenSound Navigator is available in Oticon Opn S as well as Oticon Opn. OpenSound Navigator has additional benefits in Opn S (see Opn S Clinical Evidence White paper); it is therefore expected that the effects of the OpenSound Navigator in Opn S is equal to or greater than Opn. Therefore, the results found in this study relating to closing a gap to normal hearing on listening effort, and delivering speech understand on par with normal hearing, applies to both Opn and Opn S. Closing a gap to normal hearing
A review on dielectric elastomer actuators, technology, applications, and challenges

This paper reviews the developments in dielectric elastomer actuator technology for several applications. Dielectric elastomers are a variety of electroactive polymer that deform due to the electrostatic interaction between two electrodes with opposite electric charge. Dielectric elastomers have been subject of much interest and research over the past decade. In earlier years, much of the focus was on actuator configurations, and in more recent years the focus has turned to investigating material properties that may enhance actuator performance. This review outlines the operating principle and actuation mechanisms behind this actuator technology, highlights some of its advantages over existing actuator technologies, identifies some of the challenges associated with its development, and examines the main focus of research within this field, including some of the potential applications of such an actuator technology.
A High-Resolution Hybrid Compact-ENO Scheme for Shock-Turbulence Interaction Problems

A class of upwind-biased finite-difference schemes with a compact stencil is proposed in general form, suitable for the time-accurate direct numerical simulation of fluid-convection problems. These schemes give uniformly high approximation order and allow for a spectral-like wave resolution while dissipating non-resolved wavenumbers. When coupled with an essentially non-oscillatory scheme near discontinuities, the compact schemes become shock-capturing and their resolution properties are preserved. The derivation of the compact schemes is discussed in detail. Their convergence and resolution properties as well as numerical stability are analyzed. Upwinding and coupling procedures are described. Application examples for typical non-linear wave interaction problems are given.
An Active Loop Closure Fast SLAM Method Base on Topology – Section Lines Cascading Map

Aim to the loop closure problems of mobile robots SLAM, a building mix cascading map approach base on topology-line segment feature is presented, and also an active loop closure Fast SLAM approach is proposed by using segments types of the section lines to form active loop closure tactics. According to topology nodes‘s relationship detect loop closure, and use a reverse movement model for optimization and modification to improve the accuracy and map consistency of robot’s localization. Experiment results show that the approach can well detect loop closure and reduce accumulated errors, and the robot’s localization accuracy and map consistency is remarkably improved.
Application of multivariate autoregressive spectrum estimation to ULF waves

The estimation of the power spectrum of a time series by fitting a finite autoregressive model to the data has recently found widespread application in the physical sciences. The extension of this method to the analysis of vector time series is presented here through its application to ULF waves observed in the magnetosphere by the ATS 6 synchronous satellite. Autoregressive spectral estimates of the power and cross-power spectra of these waves are computed with computer programs and are compared with the corresponding Blackman--Tukey spectral estimates. The resulting spectral density matrices are then analyzed to determine the direction of propagation and polarization of the observed waves.
Using channel-specific models to detect and remove reverberation in cochlear implants

Reverberation results in the smearing of both harmonic and temporal elements of speech through self-masking (masking within an individual phoneme) and overlap-masking (masking of one phoneme by a preceding phoneme). Self-masking is responsible for flattening formant transitions, while overlap-masking results in the masking of low-energy consonants by higher-energy vowels. Reverberation effects, especially the flattening of formant transitions, are especially detrimental to cochlear implant listeners because they already have access to only limited spectral and temporal information (Kokkinakis and Loizou, 2011). Efforts to model and correct for reverberation in acoustic listening scenarios can be quite complex, requiring estimation of the room transfer function and localization of the source and receiver. However, due to the limited resolution associated with cochlear implant stimulation, simpler processing for reverberation detection and mitigation may be possible. This study models speech stimuli in a co.
Annual nitrification dynamics in a seasonally ice-covered lake

We investigated the variability in ammonia oxidation (AO) rates and the presence of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria (AOB and AOA) over an annual cycle in the water column of a small, seasonnally ice covered, temperate shield lake. AO, the first step of nitrification, was measured in situ using 15N-labelled ammonium (NH4+) at 1% and 10% of photosynthetic active radiation during day and at the same depths during night. AO was active across seasons and light levels, ranging from undetectable to 333 nmol L-1 d-1 with peak activity in winter under ice cover. NH4+ concentration was the single most important positive predictor of AO rates. High NH4+ concentrations and reduced chlorophyll a concentrations under ice, which favoured AO, were coherent with high nitrate concentrations and super saturation in nitrous oxide. When targeting the ammonia monooxygenase (amoA) gene in samples from the photic zone, we found AOA to be omnipresent throughout the year while AOB were observed predominantly during winter. Our results demonstrate that AO is an ongoing process in sunlit surface waters of temperate lakes and at all seasons with pronounced nitrification activity observed during winter under ice. The combination of high NH4+ concentrations due to fall overturn, reduced light availability that limited phytoplankton competition, and the presence of AOB together with AOA apparently favoured these elevated rates under ice. We suggest that lake ice could be a control point for nitrification in oligotrophic temperate shield lakes, characterized as a moment and place that exerts disproportionate influence on the biogeochemical behaviour of ecosystems.
On the calculation of a feasible point of a nonconvex set: pathfollowing with jumps

The article deals with an approach for the calculation of a feasible point of a nonconvex compact set, which is defined by finitely many equality and inequality constraints. This approach is a heuristic one (since the convergence to a feasible point cannot be ensured), and it combines pathfollowing methods with Nonlinear Programming (NLP) solvers (socalled jumps) for solving a sequence of auxiliary one-parametric problems. It is assumed that these one-parametric problems belong to a generic subset, which was introduced by Jongen, Jonker and Twilt [Jongen, H. Th. , Jonker, P. and Twilt, F. , 1986, Critical sets in parametric optimization. Mathematical Programming, 34, 333–353. ] The crucial property of this approach is that the solution curves to be followed do not contain stationary points, which implies that certain singularities cannot appear. Furthermore, the new approach is applied to problems from global and multiobjective optimization and, finally, an algorithmic version as well as computational results are presented. §Dedicated to Prof. Dr. Diethard Pallaschke on the occasion of his 65th birthday.
Recommendations on Enhancing the Efficiency of Algebraic Multigrid Preconditioned GMRES in Solving Coupled Fluid Flow Equations

The algebraic multigrid (AMG) algorithm as a preconditioner to the Krylov subspace methods has drawn the attention of many researchers in solving fluid flow and heat transfer problems. However, the efficient employment of this solver needs experience, because users have to quantify several important parameters. In this work, we choose a hybrid finite-volume element method and quantify the optimum magnitudes for those parameters. To generalize our results, two sets of fluid flow governing equations, the thermobuoyant flow and confined diffusion flame, are studied and the optimum values are determined. The results indicate that the AMG can be very effective if a proper storage method is chosen.
Choice of Scores in Trend Tests for Case‐Control Studies of Candidate‐Gene Associations

When applying the Cochran‐Armitage (CA) trend test for an association between a candidate allele and a disease in a case‐control study, a set of scores must be assigned to the genotypes. Sasieni (1997, Biometrics 53, 1253–1261) suggested scores for the recessive, additive, and dominant models but did not examine their statistical properties. Using the criteria of minimizing the required sample size of the CA trend test to achieve prespecified type I and type II errors, we show that the scores given by Sasieni (1997) are optimal for the recessive and dominant models and locally optimal for the additive one. Moreover, the additive scores are shown to be locally optimal for the multiplicative model. The tests are applied to a real dataset.
High etch rates of SiC in magnetron enhanced SF6 plasmas

Magnetron enhanced reactive ion etching of SiC has been investigated in SF6 plasmas. Etch rate was determined as a function of cathode power density (0.1–0.5 W/cm2), pressure (1–5 mTorr), and flow rate (5–15 sccm). The highest SiC etch rates yet reported (450 nm/min) were achieved, at low cathode bias voltage (100 V). Anisotropic etch profiles were obtained with smooth etch surfaces free of micromasking. Addition of O2 to the SF6 feed gas did not increase the etch rate.
Cancer Risk Factors and Screening Behavior Among Korean Americans in the SF Bay Area

Background: Korean Americans (KA) have the highest prevalence of death from cancer among Asian American ethnic groups in the U.S. This KA prevalence rate is also substantially higher than that of non-Hispanic whites, yet little is known about their cancer risk factors. This paper is one of the first studies to explore cancer risk factors and screening behaviors of Korean Americans in the San Francisco Bay Area. Methods: A survey instrument was created using items from the California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) from 2009-2012, which were translated into Korean. A cross-sectional survey assessing the prevalence of cancer risk factors and screening behaviors was conducted inperson, through telephone, and online using a community-based sampling strategy of 342 KAs across the SF Bay Area. These results were then compared to the results of CHIS 2007-2012 for Koreans, all Asians in California, and all of California. Simple and multiple logistic regression were also conducted to evaluate the association between several socioeconomic and cultural factors and cancer screening outcomes for colorectal cancer screening, mammography, and Pap smears. Results: In this sample, 30% of women 21 years and older had never received a Pap smear, 18% of women 40 years and older had never received a mammogram, and 24% of participants 50 years and older had never received colorectal cancer screening. Further analyses found that among women who are aged 21 years and older, not being a college graduate (Odds Ratio (OR): 3.59, 95% Confidence Interval [95% CI] 1.22, 10.57) was associated with higher odds of not receiving a Pap smear. Younger age was associated with never receiving colorectal screening (OR: 0.39, 95% CI 0.19, 0.79). Not having insurance (OR: 3.22, 95% CI 1.36, 7.62) and preference for a Korean physician (OR: 9.89, 95% CI 1.30, 75.18) were associated with higher odds of receiving no colorectal screening. Sex, having a college degree, or Limited English Proficiency (LEP) were not found to have any association with never receiving colorectal cancer screening. 138 Cancer Risk Factors and Screening Behavior Among Korean Americans in the SF Bay Area—Hwang Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice Volume 12, Issue 1, Spring 2019 http://digitalscholarship.unlv. edu/jhdrp/ Follow on Facebook: Health.Disparities. Journal Follow on Twitter: @jhdrp Conclusions: Very few studies assessing health disparities such as cancer risk factors and screening prevalence in KAs exist. Further studies in this vulnerable group exploring risk factors and screening rates for other cancers are encouraged to identify specific areas that can be targeted for improved health outcomes.
NEW LEARNING STRATEGIES IN BUSTILLOS AND OLIVEIRA MODEL

Armando Ticona Bustillos and Paulo Murilo C. de Oliveira first combined learning strategy with Penna model using a third bit string to represent knowledge. There are two forms of learning strategy in their model: individual learning through trial-and-error and social learning through copying knowledge from others. Based on the Bustillos-Oliveira model, we propose a new learning strategy:. (1) Individual learning ability depending on knowledge, through which the individual learning ability is not a constant but in direct proportion to the knowledge level of individual;. (2) Double-direction Social learning, under this, not only the young can learn from the elder, but also the elder can learn from the young;. (3) The age-dependent learning capacity, we make the learning capacity a variable in inverse proportion to the age, unlike which has been represented in Bustillos and Oliveira's model as a constant. Under this new learning strategy represented above, we get different result in the level of knowledge of individuals from B-O model.
Vertical and lateral forces between a permanent magnet and a high-temperature superconductor

The vertical and horizontal forces and associated stiffnesses on a permanent magnet (PM) above a high-temperature superconductor (HTS) were measured during vertical and horizontal traverses in zero-field cooling (ZFC) and in field cooling (FC). In ZFC, the vertical stiffness was greater in the first descent than in the first ascent and second descent, and the stiffness in the second descent was between those of the first descent and the first ascent. At the FC position, the vertical stiffness was two times greater than the lateral stiffness at each height, to within 1% of the vertical stiffness value. The cross stiffness of vertical force with respect to lateral position was positive for FC, but negative for ZFC. Free-spin-down experiments of a PM levitated above a HTS were also performed. These results showed that the coefficient of friction is double valued at frequencies just below the rotor resonance, a result attributed to cross stiffness in the PM/HTS interaction. A frozen-image model was used to ca.
A novel way of using fast wavelet transforms to solve dense linear systems arising from boundary element methods

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to introduce a novel approach to solving linear systems arising from applying a Boundary Element Method (BEM) to elasticity problems.Design/methodology/approach – The key idea is based on using wavelet transforms as a tool to change dense and fully populated matrices of BEM systems into sparse matrices. Wavelets are then used again to produce an algorithm to solve the resultant sparse linear systems. The wavelet transformation part of the method can be added as a black box to existing BEM codes.Findings – Numerical results focusing on the sensitivity of the solution for various physical variables to the thresholding parameters, and savings in computer time and memory are presented. The results show that the proposed method is efficient for large problems.Research limitations/implications – Application of the proposed method is restricted to problems with number of DOF equal to an integer power of 2.Originality/value – The novel algorithm to solve transformed algebrai.