Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison Of Biochemical Markers and Insulin Resistance of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients Diagnosed with the Criteria of Rotterdam, Androgen Excess Society and National Institutes of Health

Objective: There are different criteria to diagnose polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) such as Rotterdam Consensus, Androgen Excess Society (AES), and National Institutes of Health (NIH). We aimed to investigate the biochemical and insulin resistance-related markers of PCOS patients according to different diagnostic criteria. Material and methods: 1299 patients admitted to our clinic retrospectively analyzed. Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 200 patients with Rotterdam (Group 1), 182 patients with AES (Group 2), and 180 patients with NIH (Group 3) criteria were included in the study. Results: Waist/hip ratio among all groups (p1 = 0.002; p2 = 0.0001; p3 = 0.0001), LH/FSH ratio between Group 1 and 3 (p2=0.017), AST between Group 2 and 3 (p3 =0.012), DHEA-S and modified Ferriman–Gallwey score between Group 1 and 2 (p1 = 0.041; p1 = 0.013, respectively) and Group 1 and 3 (p2= 0.003; p2 = 0.04, respectively) were significantly different. A significant difference was detected between Group 1 and 3 in body mass index ≥ 25 (kg/m2) (p = 0.006). A significant difference was detected among all groups in waist circumference ≥ 88 cm (p1 = 0.0001, p2 = 0.0012, p3 = 0.004). Conclusion: The rate of metabolic syndrome was found to be higher in patients diagnosed with Rotterdam criteria, the rate of insulin resistance with NIH criteria, and the rate of dyslipidemia with AES criteria. However, these differences were not statistically significant.
Cosmic Ray Decreases and Particle Acceleration in 1978-1982 and the Associated Solar Wind Structures

Laboratory for High Energy Astrophysics, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland A study has been made of the time histories of particles in the energy range 1 MeV to 1 GeV at the times of all >3% cosmic ray decreases in the years 1978 to 1982. Essentially all of the 59 decreases are associated with passages of interplanetary shocks, the majority of which accelerate particles. We use the intensity-time profiles of the particles to separate the cosmic ray decreases into four classes which we subsequently associate with three types of solar wind structures. Decreases in class 1 (15 events) and class 2 (26 events) are associated with shocks driven by energetic coronal mass ejections. For class 1 events, the ejecta is detected at 1 AU, whereas this is not usually the case for class 2 events. The shock must therefore play a dominant role in producing the cosmic ray depression in class 2 events. In all class 1 and class 2 events (which comprise 69% of the total) the departure time of the ejection from the Sun (and hence the location) can be determined from the rapid onset of energetic particles several days before the associated shock passes the Earth. Class 1 events originate from within 50 o of central meridian while class 2 are predominantly from sources beyond 20 o from central meridian. Class 3 events (10 decreases) can be attributed to less energetic ejections which are directed towards the Earth. In these events the ejecta is more important than the shock in causing the cosmic ray intensity depression. The remaining events (14% of the total) can be attributed to solar wind periods with multiple disturbances. All include ejecta material and at least half also include corotating high-speed solar wind streams. It is argued that since energetic particles (from MeV to GeV energies) seen at Earth may respond to solar wind structures which are not detected at Earth, consideration of particle observations over a wide range of energies is necessary for a full understanding of cosmic ray decreases. It is well accepted that interplanetary (IP) shocks play an important role in the modulation of cosmic rays. Since the earliest observations [Forbush, 1938] it has been recognized that transient decreases in the cosmic ray intensity occur at the times of sudden commencement geomagnetic storms (SCs) which are generally caused by shocks. There has been renewed interest in cosmic ray decreases following recent work on the structure of IP shocks and with the identification of signatures which indicate the presence of the so-called "driver-gas" or "ejecta. " It is now well accepted that "driver-gas/ejecta" material is the IP signature of a coronal mass ejection (CME) [Gosling, 1990]. (In our paper the term CME is reserved for the phenomenon detected near the Sun. CMEs detected in the IP medium we call ejecta.) Much of the recent discussion has centered on the relative roles of the ejecta and the shock in producing cosmic ray decreases
Intervención en un caso de ansiedad ante exámenes, perfeccionismo desadaptativo y procrastinación

Introducción: Las dificultades para regular emociones en situaciones de evaluación se manifiestan como niveles elevados de ansiedad y conductas evitativas. Los rasgos de perfeccionismo y las conductas de procrastinación se asocian con el incremento del malestar emocional, en las diversas fases del ciclo aprendizaje-evaluación. Objetivo: evaluar la eficacia de una intervención para mejorar la regulación emocional en situaciones de evaluación. Método: se realizó un estudio de caso, en el que participó una estudiante universitaria de la carrera de abogacía con elevada ansiedad ante los exámenes orales. Se aplicó un tratamiento cognitivo conductual de seis sesiones, orientado a disminuir la ansiedad ante la evaluación, los aspectos desadaptativos del perfeccionismo y las conductas de procrastinación. Se reunieron datos cuantitativos y cualitativos al inicio de la intervención, a su finalización y seis meses después. Resultados: el análisis comparativo de los puntajes previos y posteriores mostró disminuciones en la ansiedad y la procrastinación. Los puntajes en las medidas de perfeccionismo no variaron. El análisis del material cualitativo indica un incremento en la sensación de control, la confianza en las propias habilidades y la satisfacción con el desempeño, mayor fluidez en la comunicación durante el examen oral. Discusión: se describen los aspectos clínicos, análisis funcional, sintomatología asociada y se discuten las implicancias de los resultados.
Goodness-of-fit-based non-parametric spectrum sensing under Middleton noise for cognitive radio

A novel goodness-of-fit-based non-parametric spectrum sensing scheme in a non-Gaussian noise environment, modelled by Middleton class A distribution, is proposed. The sampling distribution of the proposed test statistic is derived and the detection performance is shown using Monte Carlo simulations. Results are presented and it is concluded that the performance is degraded if the Gaussian component in the Middleton noise is higher than the non-Gaussian component.
On the Role of Sea Surface Temperature in the Clustering of Global Tropical Cyclone Formation

This study examines the potential impacts of large-scale atmospheric circulations that are forced by zonal sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies on global tropical cyclone (TC) formation. Using the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) AM4 model under different SST distributions, it is found that the east-west clustering of global TC formation is mainly governed by large-scale circulations in response to a given SST distribution, instead of direct ocean surface fluxes associated with zonal SST anomalies. Our zonally homogeneous SST simulations in the presence of realistic surface coverage show that TC clusters still emerge as a result of the breakdown of zonal circulations related to land-sea distribution, which produce specific “hot spots” for global TC formation. Sensitivity experiments with different climate warming scenarios and model physics confirm the persistence of these TC clusters in the absence of all zonal SST variations. These robust results offer new insights into the effects of large-scale circulation and terrain forcing on TC clusters beyond the traditional view of direct SST impacts, which are based on the direct alignment of the warmest SST regions and TC clusters. In addition, our experiments also capture internal variability of the global TC frequency, with an average fluctuation of 6-8 TCs at several dominant frequencies of ~3, 6, and 9 years, even in the absence of all SST interannual variability and ocean coupling. This finding reveals an intrinsic “noise” level of the global TC frequency that one has to take into account when examining the past and future trends in TC activity and their related significance or detectability.
Mode coalescence in a two-fluid boundary-layer stability problem

The triple-deck analysis of a two-fluid boundary layer stability at high Reynolds numbers in Timoshin [J. Fluid Mech. 353, 163 (1997)] is extended to include broader parameter variations, most notably variations in the scaled film thickness. The two underlying instabilities, the Tollmien–Schlichting and interfacial waves, are shown to have points of mode coalescence located in the stable or unstable part of the spectrum. An interpretation of the instability mechanisms operational in two-fluid triple-deck flows is proposed in terms of the disturbance vorticity equation.
Inference for stable isotope mixing models: a study of the diet of dunlin

Stable isotope sourcing is used to estimate proportional contributions of sources to a mixture, such as in the analysis of animal diets and plant nutrient use. Statistical methods for inference on the diet proportions by using stable isotopes have focused on the linear mixing model. Existing frequentist methods assume that the diet proportion vector can be uniquely solved for in terms of one or two isotope ratios. We develop large sample methods that apply to an arbitrary number of isotope ratios, assuming that the linear mixing model has a unique solution or is overconstrained. We generalize these methods to allow temporal modelling of the population mean diet, assuming that isotope ratio response data are collected over time. The methodology is motivated by a study of the diet of dunlin, a small migratory seabird.
The dynamic jahn-teller effect with many frequencies: a simple approach to a complicated problem

The hamiltonian for an ion which has a dynamic Jahn-Teller interaction with the many normal modes of a crystal can be separated in such a way that nearly all the coupling strength is concentrated in an interaction with a set of vibrations of one frequency only. All the rest of the hamiltonian, including the consequence of the effective vibration not being a normal mode, is expressed in a simple form, and treated as a second order perturbation on the energy levels of the first part. This procedure gives a good approximation to the lower states of the Jahn-Teller system, and can be used in studying phonon scattering. Some results are derived for the case of an E electronic doublet at a cubic crystal site.
Simple theory of free-burning arcs

Analytic formulae are derived from the controlling physical equations to give the principal characteristics of free burning arcs. Predictions of arc radius, voltage, central temperature, electric field and centre plasma velocity are in reasonable agreement with published experimental results for arcs in air from 1 A to 20,000 A at a pressure of 1 atmosphere and an electrode spacing of 1 cm. The theory enables useful predictions to be made for applications of arcs in welding, switchgear and arc furnaces.
Evolution of Cluster Elliptical Galaxies

We have used deep optical and infrared imaging to study the E/S0 galaxies in the central regions of eight intermediate-redshift (0.40 < z < 0.48) clusters. We find that the luminosity function for red galaxies with -25.6 < MV < -17.6 (ΩM = 0.2, ΩΛ = 0, and H0 = 50 km s-1 Mpc-1) in the clusters' red sequence are well described by a Schechter function for all clusters. In spite of the fact that the clusters span a wide range in richness and X-ray luminosities, all the cluster luminosity functions are consistent with a single value for their characteristic magnitude (M*). The value of M* at z = 0.45 appears brighter than that observed in local clusters (ΔM = -0.94 ± 0.41), in agreement with models of passive evolution and with studies of surface brightness and fundamental plane at these redshifts. We have also observed a color change in the rest-frame (U-V) and (V-H) colors, as compared to local galaxies. We find that most of the popular simple stellar population models fail to account for this color evolution vector with the discrepancy mainly in the optical-infrared color. However, the rest-frame (U-V) color change seems to be well described by these simple models, and it can be used to estimate the ages of the stellar populations in these galaxies. We find that the stars in the E/S0 galaxies at z = 0.45 must have been formed at z ≳ 1 for solar or supersolar metallicities.
Decompressive Cervical Laminectomy and Lateral Mass Screw-Rod Fusion for Multisegmental Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy with Flexible Sagittal Cervical Alignment

Background data: Posterior cervical laminectomy and lateral mass screw-rod fusion techniques were classically recommended in ﬂ exible sagittal cervical alignment relying on indirect decompression via posterior cord shift. Purpose : This study aims to investigate the ef ﬁ cacy of posterior cervical laminectomy with lateral mass screw-rod ﬁ xation for treating multisegmental cervical spondylotic myelopathy (MCSM) with ﬂ exible sagittal cervical alignment. Study design: This was a prospective clinical cohort study. Patients and methods: In total, 38 patients with clinically symptomatic MCSM with instability and/or ﬂ exible kyphosis were admitted to our Zagazig University hospitals for posterior cervical laminectomy and lateral mass screw-rod fusion (long-segment instrumented fusion ≥ 3 segments) and completed the 24-month follow-up period between April 2014 and June 2018, and the last follow-up visit took place in October 2020. Patients were categorized into lordotic, straight, and kyphotic groups according to the shape of the cervical spine curve on a neutral lateral radiographic view. Results: A total of 266 lateral mass screws were inserted in 134 levels in 38 patients (three levels in 20 patients, four levels in 16 patients, and ﬁ ve levels in two patients); all the patients had a good fusion, and the cervical spine was stable, based on the absence of hardware failure or subsidence. All 38 (100%) patients gained more lordosis with a variable degree according to the preoperative cervical sagittal alignment. The mean percentage of neck pain improvement according to the visual analog scale for the lordotic group was 69.1%, for the straight group was 43.8%, and for the kyphotic group was 15.8%. The mean percentage of neurological function improvement (Japanese Orthopedic Association score) for the lordotic group was 83.17%, for the straight group was 43%, and for the kyphotic group was 17%. The mean percentage of disability improvement (Neck Disability Index score) for the lordotic group was 47.66%, for the straight group was 24.5%, and for the kyphotic group was 16.66%. Conclusion: Decompressive cervical spine laminectomy with lateral mass screw stabilization is effective in treating MCSM with ﬂ exible sagittal cervical alignment (2022ESJ259).
Calcified Right Atrial Thrombus With Near-Systemic Pulmonary Pressures in a Morbidly Obese Patient: A Clinical Conundrum

Intracardiac masses are not uncommon, but a calcified right atrial thrombus (CRAT) is an exceedingly rare entity and often poses a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma. We discuss the case of an incidentally noted CcRAT in a 40-year-old man presenting with progressive dyspnea. We further review the literature on the subject, highlighting the need for an individual patient-centred care plan.
Finite‐volume‐type VOF method on dynamically adaptive quadtree grids

This paper describes a finite‐volume volume‐of‐fluid (VOF) method for simulating viscous free surface flows on dynamically adaptive quadtree grids. The scheme is computationally efficient in that it provides relatively fine grid resolution at the gas–liquid interface and coarse grid density in regions where flow variable gradients are small. Special interpolations are used to ensure volume flux conservation where differently sized neighbour cells occur. The numerical model is validated for advection of dyed fluid in unidirectional and rotating flows, and for two‐dimensional viscous sloshing in a rectangular tank. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bi2O3 Nanoparticle-Loaded Plastic Scintillator for High-Energy X-Ray Detection

In this study, we successfully fabricated a bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) nanoparticle-loaded plastic scintillator (PLS) with high detection efficiency for high-energy X-rays. Such a heavy-metal-oxide-loaded PLS is useful for the measurement of high-energy X-rays with a high count-rate $10^{7}~\text{s}^{-1}$ . Bi2O3 nanoparticles were synthesized by surface modification with aliphatic carboxylic acid from a triphenylbismuthine starting material. Up to 50 wt% surface-modified Bi2O3 nanoparticle-loaded PLS (50 wt% Bi-PLS, 31 ± 1 wt% bismuth in the plastic) successfully maintained transparency after polymerization by mixing monomers consisting mainly of styrene or vinyltoluene and 2-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-5-(4-biphenylyl)-1,3, 4-oxadiazole as the fluorophore. The Bi content of the Bi-PLSs was greater than that of PLSs using organobismuth compounds. The optical properties of each Bi-PLS (8 mm diameter and 3 mm thickness) were measured for transmittance, photoluminescence (PL), and quantum yield. The average transmittance between 380 and 780 nm was over 70% (except for 50 wt% Bi-PLS) and was sufficiently high for practical use. In the recorded PL spectra, the peak attributed to fluorophore emission was clearly observed at 386 nm, even for 50 wt% Bi-PLS. We tested the Bi-PLS mounted on a photomultiplier tube (PMT) using a synchrotron X-ray beam [67.41 keV at beamline BL-14A of the photon factory (PF)]. The detection efficiency of 50 wt% Bi-PLS reached 36.8% ± 0.5%, 5.0 times higher than that of a commercially available 5 wt% Pb-loaded PLS. A superior time resolution (full-width at half-maximum) of 0.21 ± 0.06 ns was obtained using 20 wt% Bi-PLS.
A Cross-Sectional Study of Potential Antimicrobial Resistance and Ecology in Gastrointestinal and Oral Microbial Communities of Young Normoweight Pakistani Individuals

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global public health concern mainly affecting low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) due to lack of awareness, inadequate healthcare and sanitation infrastructure, and other environmental factors. In this study, we aimed to link microbial assembly and covariates (body mass index, smoking, and use of antibiotics) to gut microbiome structure and correlate the predictive antimicrobial gene prevalence (piARG) using PICRUSt2. We examined the gastrointestinal and oral microbial profiles of healthy adults in Pakistan through 16S rRNA gene sequencing with a focus on different ethnicities, antibiotic usage, drinking water type, smoking, and other demographic measures. We then utilised a suite of innovative statistical tools, driven by numerical ecology and machine learning, to address the above aims. We observed that drinking tap water was the main contributor to increased potential AMR signatures in the Pakistani cohort compared to other factors considered. Microbial niche breadth analysis highlighted an aberrant gut microbial signature of smokers with increased age. Moreover, covariates such as smoking and age impact the human microbial community structure in this Pakistani cohort.
Nonlinear optical properties of semiconductor nanocrystals

This review is devoted to the description of recent experimental results concerning the nonlinear optical properties of semiconductor-doped glasses SDGs with particular emphasis on the regime in which the energy of the incident photon is smaller than the energy gap. A considerable theoretical and experimental effort has been devoted in the last 10years to the fundamental aspects of quantumconfined structures, which have properties somewhat intermediate between the bulk crystals and atoms or molecules. From this point of view, SDGs represent an easily available test system, and optical techniques have been a major diagnostic tool. Luminescence and absorption spectroscopy were extensively used to characterize the electronic states. The experiments aimed at the measurement of the real and imaginary parts of the third-order optical susceptibility of SDGs below the bandgap are described in some detail, and the results obtained with different techniques are compared. Besides the intrinsic fast nonlinearity due .
Facilitating Development: Evidence from a National-Level Experiment on Improving Bureaucratic Performance in Myanmar

Despite strong theoretical foundations, randomized evaluations demonstrate that subnational performance assessments have a mixed record in improving governance. We suggest that a key factor influencing this disappointing result has been the omission of facilitation—working with bureaucrats on how to use subnational performance assessments (SPAs) effectively and encouraging collaboration across government agencies. The argument is tested on a nationally representative panel of townships in precoup Myanmar. Facilitation workshops were conducted in 20 randomly assigned townships, bringing together officials from multiple government agencies and introducing them to the results of the Myanmar Business Environment Index (MBEI), an SPA that scored a panel of 60 townships on 92 governance indicators. Results show that businesses in townships where officials attended facilitation workshops ranked their townships twice as high as the businesses in the control group. Variation in MBEI improvements was moderated by the degree of decentralization in bureaucratic agencies.
Cover Crop Termination Method and N Fertilization Effects on Sweet Corn Yield, Quality, N Uptake, and Weed Pressure

Cover cropping is vital for soil health. Timing and method of termination are major factors influencing the agroecological benefits of cover crops. Delay in the termination of cover crops results in greater biomass production. Likewise, incorporation of cover crops during termination often speeds residue mineralization compared to no-till systems. We used four termination strategies for a late-terminated winter rye–legume mix (in tilled and no-till systems) and four N application rates in the succeeding sweet corn crop to examine how cover crop termination affected N response in sweet corn as well as the independent effects of N application rate and cover crop termination method. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with four replications. Increasing N fertilization up to 144 kg N ha–1 promoted yield and quality in sweet corn as well as summer weed growth. The cover crop termination method did not affect sweet corn response to N fertilizer. This suggests that when rye is terminated late in the spring before planting cash crops, the incorporation of its residues may not greatly affect the soil N dynamics. This indicates that decisions to incorporate rye residues may be taken by farmers with an eye mainly towards management issues such as weed control, environmental impacts, and soil health.