Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance of Yankasa RAM lambs fed graded levels of RMW and SBMR combination in the semi-arid zone, Nigeria

This experiment was conducted at Bayero University Kano, to determine the performance of Yankasa ram lambs fed complete diet containing graded levels of SBMR and RMW at 5, 10, 15 and 20% representing treatments B, C, D and E, respectively. Treatment A served as the control with 0% inclusion of both SBMR and RMW. Twenty entire males Yankasa ram lambs with an average weight of 14.3 ±0.03kg were used for the study. Results obtained revealed that incorporation of RMW and SBMR in the diets of growing Yankasa ram lambs up to 20% gave impressive output. Although significant differences were not recorded (P>0.05) between all the treatments in respect of average daily gain (ADG), diet C (10% inclusion) recorded the highest mean. The Dry matter, Crude fibre and Crude protein digestibility significantly (P<0.05) increased gradually up to 20% inclusion level from the control diet (0% inclusion). Similarly cost of production was significantly (P<0.05) lower for diet E (20% inclusion). It is concluded that feeding combination of RMW and SBMR to growing Yankasa ram lambs up to 20% inclusion level improved performance and reduced cost of production.
Water injection in fractured/layered porous media. Co-current and counter-current imbibition in a water-wet matrix block. Quarterly report, January 1--March 31, 1996

Review of the literature indicates that imbibition in water-wet matrix blocks is commonly considered to be counter-current. Despite this general belief, our experimental and theoretical studies indicate that co-current imbibition may be the dominant mechanism. Using numerical simulation of the imbibition process it is found that oil is predominantly recovered by co-current imbibition, and the time for this recovery is only a fraction of that required for counter-current imbibition. This is because in counter-current imbibition, oil is forced to flow in the two-phase region. In co-current imbibition, however, oil is free to flow in the single phase region. This study reveals that co-current imbibition is much more efficient than counter-current imbibition.
Survey- and fishery-derived estimates of Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) biomass: implications for strategies to reduce interactions between groundfish fisheries and Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus)

Survey- and fishery-derived biomass estimates have indicated that the harvest indices for Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) within a portion of Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) critical habitat in February and March 2001 were five to 16 times greater than the annual rate for the entire Bering Sea-Aleutian Islands stock. A bottom trawl survey yielded a cod biomass estimate of 49,032 metric tons (t) for the entire area surveyed, of which less than half (23,329 t) was located within the area used primarily by the commercial fishery, which caught 11,631 t of Pacific cod. Leslie depletion analyses of fishery data yielded biomass estimates of approximately 14,500 t (95% confidence intervals of approximately 9,000–25,000 t), which are within the 95% confidence interval on the fished area survey estimate (12,846–33,812 t). These data indicate that Leslie analyses may be useful in estimating local fish biomass and harvest indices for certain marine fisheries that are well constrained spatially and relatively short in duration (weeks). In addition, fishery effects on prey availability within the time and space scales relevant to foraging sea lions may be much greater than the effects indicated by annual harvest rates estimated from stock assessments averaged across the range of the target spec
Seismomagnetic Effects from the Long-Awaited 28 September 2004 M 6.0 Parkfield Earthquake

Precise measurements of local magnetic fields have been obtained with a differentially connected array of seven synchronized proton magnetometers located along 60 km of the locked-to-creeping transition region of the San Andreas fault at Parkfield, California, since 1976. The M 6.0 Parkfield earthquake on 28 September 2004, occurred within this array and generated coseismic magnetic field changes of between 0.2 and 0.5 nT at five sites in the network. No preseismic magnetic field changes exceeding background noise levels are apparent in the magnetic data during the month, week, and days before the earthquake (or expected in light of the absence of measurable precursive deformation, seismicity, or pore pressure changes). Obser- vations of electric and magnetic fields from 0.01 to 20 Hz are also made at one site near the end of the earthquake rupture and corrected for common-mode signals from the ionosphere/magnetosphere using a second site some 115 km to the northwest along the fault. These magnetic data show no indications of unusual noise before the earthquake in the ULF band (0.01-20 Hz) as suggested may have preceded the 1989 ML 7.1 Loma Prieta earthquake. Nor do we see electric field changes similar to those suggested to occur before earthquakes of this magnitude from data in Greece. Uni- form and variable slip piezomagnetic models of the earthquake, derived from strain, displacement, and seismic data, generate magnetic field perturbations that are con- sistent with those observed by the magnetometer array. A higher rate of longer-term magnetic field change, consistent with increased loading in the region, is apparent since 1993. This accompanied an increased rate of secular shear strain observed on a two-color EDM network and a small network of borehole tensor strainmeters and increased seismicity dominated by three M 4.5-5 earthquakes roughly a year apart in 1992, 1993, and 1994. Models incorporating all of these data indicate increased slip at depth in the region, and this may have played a role in the final occurrence of the 28 September 2004 M 6.0 Parkfield earthquake. The absence of electric and magnetic field precursors for this, and other earthquakes with M 5-7.3 elsewhere in the San Andreas fault system, indicates useful prediction of damaging earthquakes seems unlikely using these electromagnetic data.
Multilevel Customized 3D-Printed Titanium Alloy Interbody Cages used to Treat Congenital Scoliosis: A Case Report

Introduction: Customized, patient-specific interbody cages have been used in the treatment of spinal neoplasia, degenerative disease, infection, congenital anomalies, and trauma. However, to date, their use has been limited to a single spinal level, and the utility of customized spinal implants in multiple spinal levels remains unclear. In addition, limited studies exist that compare outcomes following fusion and decompression surgery using customized implants to traditional, standard implants. Case Report: We present two cases. Case 1 consists of a multilevel deformity surgery from L3-S1 ALIF and T10-Pelvis PSF in a patient with a congenital scoliosis (CS) using customized implants on multiple spinal levels. We compare Case 1 to Case 2, in which a patient underwent a lumbar decompression and fusion for CS using standard titanium implants. While the patient in Case 1 reported improved back pain and independent ambulation at 1-year post-operative and required no revision surgery, the patient in Case 2 required revision surgery 2 years post-operative due to pseudoarthrosis. Conclusion: CS with right wedge hemivertebrae may be treated with customized implants on multiple spinal levels, and customized implants may provide benefit standard implants.
Percutaneous Vertebroplasty in a Patient with Chronic Back Pain Caused by Multiple Schmorl’s Nodes: A Case Report

Background and Objectives: Schmorl’s nodes (SNs), formed by the herniation of intervertebral discs into adjacent vertebral bodies, are generally asymptomatic and do not require treatment. However, certain types of SNs can cause intractable back pain. Case Presentation: A 63-year-old man presented to our hospital with back pain after a fall 1 month prior. Physical examination revealed back pain that worsened with movement and paraspinal tenderness. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed immediately after presentation revealed subacute to chronic compression fractures with SNs at the upper endplates of the 11th and 12th thoracic and 1st lumbar vertebrae. Pain (numeric rating scale (NRS), 7–8/10) persisted despite 6 months of conservative treatment and MRI revealed increased signal intensity in T2-weighted images in the regions around the SNs. Based on these findings, an epidural nerve block was performed, and then repeated; however, no significant improvement was observed. Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) was performed at the 11th and 12th thoracic and 1st lumbar vertebrae. Pain levels decreased substantially 1 week after PVP (NRS, 3–4/10). Subsequent treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and steroids for two weeks further reduced pain levels (NRS, 1–2/10), following which steroid use was discontinued and NSAID use became intermittent. At the six-month follow-up, pain levels remained low and the patient reported an improvement in activity levels of 90% or more. Conclusions: This case report demonstrates that PVP safely and effectively improved symptoms in a patient with multiple SNs and intractable back pain. Nevertheless, further research, particularly large-scale randomized prospective studies, is necessary to validate the long-term efficacy and safety of this intervention.
Characterization of an Acidogenic Bacterial Consortium as Probiotic and Its Effect on Rumen Fermentation In Vitro and In Vivo

Probiotics are live microorganisms that promote host health through microbiota balance and immune modulation. We assessed an acidogenic bacterial consortium (ABC) with promising probiotic properties, focusing on its resilience during transit through the digestive tract in ruminants and determining its optimal in vitro dosage. The ABC exhibited antibiotic resistance, thrived at pH levels between 5 and 7 for 24 and 48 h, and showed a 77% survival rate in artificial gastric juice. Moreover, it not only endured bile salt exposure but also multiplied. The ABC exhibited 10.74% of coaggregation capabilities against E. coli. Optimal dosage determination revealed that 4 × 108 was the ideal concentration, as higher doses did not yield significant differences in dry matter digestion. In the in vivo trial with Limousin Heifers, the ABC led to enhanced total volatile fatty acid (VFA) production, increased daily weight gains, and improved feed conversion rates compared to the control group. These findings underscore the potential of the ABC as a probiotic to boost animal productivity and overall health.
The Iterative Exclusion of Compatible Samples Workflow for Multi-SNP Analysis in Complex Diseases

Complex diseases are affected by various factors, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the basis for their susceptibility by affecting protein structure and gene expression. Complex diseases often arise from the interactions of multiple SNPs and are investigated using epistasis detection algorithms. Nevertheless, the computational burden associated with the “combination explosion” hinders these algorithms’ ability to detect these interactions. To perform multi-SNP analysis in complex diseases, the iterative exclusion of compatible samples (IECS) workflow is proposed in this work. In the IECS workflow, qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) is firstly employed as the calculation engine to calculate the solution; secondly, the pattern is extracted from the prime implicants with the greatest raw coverage in the solution; then, the pattern is tested with the chi-square test in the source dataset; finally, all compatible samples are excluded from the current dataset. This process is repeated until the QCA calculation has no solution or reaches the iteration threshold. The workflow was applied to analyze simulated datasets and the Alzheimer’s disease dataset, and its performance was compared with that of the BOOST and MDR algorithms. The findings illustrated that IECS exhibits greater power with less computation and can be applied to perform multi-SNP analysis in complex diseases.
Teaching AI Ethics in Medical Education: A Scoping Review of Current Literature and Practices

Introduction: The increasing use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in medicine has raised ethical concerns, such as patient autonomy, bias, and transparency. Recent studies suggest a need for teaching AI ethics as part of medical curricula. This scoping review aimed to represent and synthesize the literature on teaching AI ethics as part of medical education. Methods: The PRISMA-SCR guidelines and JBI methodology guided a literature search in four databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science) for the past 22 years (2000–2022). To account for the release of AI-based chat applications, such as ChatGPT, the literature search was updated to include publications until the end of June 2023. Results: 1384 publications were originally identified and, after screening titles and abstracts, the full text of 87 publications was assessed. Following the assessment of the full text, 10 publications were included for further analysis. The updated literature search identified two additional relevant publications from 2023 were identified and included in the analysis. All 12 publications recommended teaching AI ethics in medical curricula due to the potential implications of AI in medicine. Anticipated ethical challenges such as bias were identified as the recommended basis for teaching content in addition to basic principles of medical ethics. Case-based teaching using real-world examples in interactive seminars and small groups was recommended as a teaching modality. Conclusion: This scoping review reveals a scarcity of literature on teaching AI ethics in medical education, with most of the available literature being recent and theoretical. These findings emphasize the importance of more empirical studies and foundational definitions of AI ethics to guide the development of teaching content and modalities. Recognizing AI’s significant impact of AI on medicine, additional research on the teaching of AI ethics in medical education is needed to best prepare medical students for future ethical challenges.
Les pratiques de soutien social des collègues et des proches qui favorisent le fonctionnement des travailleurs vivant avec des symptômes anxieux ou dépressifs

résumé L’anxiété et la dépression font partie des troubles mentaux les plus courants en milieu de travail et représentent une des premières causes d’inva-lidité chez les travailleurs. Les symptômes liés à ces troubles entraînent des répercussions importantes pour les travailleurs et les organisations, telles qu’une diminution de la satisfaction au travail, ainsi que différentes difficultés de fonc-tionnement au travail (p. ex. présentéisme, absentéisme). Le soutien social des collègues et des proches représente un levier prometteur pour soutenir les nombreux travailleurs présentant des symptômes de dépression ou d’anxiété. Objectif Dans cette optique, la présente étude vise à identifier les pratiques de soutien social des proches et des collègues qui sont perçues comme étant favorables au fonctionnement au travail des individus présentant des symptômes anxieux ou dépressifs. Méthode Pour ce faire, nous avons mené des entrevues semi-structurées auprès de travailleurs présentant des symptômes d’anxiété ou de
A Context-Aware Road Extraction Method for Remote Sensing Imagery Based on Transformer Network

In remote sensing images, roads are usually in complex shapes and can be partially occluded by buildings, trees, and other surroundings. To extract a complete and continuous road network is still a challenging job. This letter proposes a context-aware road extraction method for remote sensing imagery based on a transformer network, in which, a foreground feature enhancement module (FFEM) is designed to further extract detailed road features such as contours from the shallowest feature map; dual-attention module (DAM) is constructed and applied at different skip connections to make the model focus more on road features in the different level of feature maps; A Swin transformer-based contextual information extraction module (CIEM) is built between the encoder and decoder modules to capture the global and local road contextual information so as to recover the occluded roads information as much as possible. Furthermore, a multiscale decoder (M-Decoder) is designed to improve the feature map recovery ability of the decoder module. Experiments on the DeepGlobe road dataset are conducted to verify the efficiency of the proposed method.
Ambient underwater sound: measuring the importance of spatial variability and its effect on late stage larval crabs

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Influence of anthropogenic emissions on the composition of highly oxygenated organic molecules in Helsinki: a street canyon and urban background station comparison

Abstract. Condensable vapors, including highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs), govern secondary organic aerosol formation and thereby impact the quantity, composition, and properties (e.g., toxicity) of aerosol particles. These vapors are mainly formed in the atmosphere through the oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Urban environments contain a variety of VOCs from both anthropogenic and biogenic sources, as well as other species, for instance nitrogen oxides (NOx), that can greatly influence the formation pathways of condensable vapors like HOMs. During the last decade, our understanding of HOM composition and formation has increased dramatically, with most experiments performed in forests or in heavily polluted urban areas. However, studies on the main sources for condensable vapors and secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) in biogenically influenced urban areas, such as suburbs or small cities, have been limited. Here, we studied the HOM composition, measured with two nitrate-based chemical ionization mass spectrometers and analyzed using positive matrix factorization (PMF), during late spring at two locations in Helsinki, Finland. Comparing the measured concentrations at a street canyon site and a nearby urban background station, we found a strong influence of NOx on the HOM formation at both stations, in agreement with previous studies conducted in urban areas. Even though both stations are dominated by anthropogenic VOCs, most of the identified condensable vapors originated from biogenic precursors. This implies that in Helsinki anthropogenic activities mainly influence HOM formation by the effect of NOx on the biogenic VOC oxidation. At the urban background station, we found condensable vapors formed from two biogenic VOC groups (monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes), while at the street canyon, the only identified biogenic HOM precursor was monoterpenes. At the street canyon, we also observed oxidation products of aliphatic VOCs, which were not observed at the urban background station. The only factors that clearly correlate (temporally and composition-wise) between the two stations contained monoterpene-derived dimers. This suggests that HOM composition and formation mechanisms are strongly dependent on localized emissions and the oxidative environment in these biogenically influenced urban areas, and they can also change considerably within distances of 1 km within the urban environment. This further suggests that studies should be careful when extrapolating single-point measurements in an urban setting to be representative of district or city scales.
Ecology of millipedes (Diplopoda) in the context of global change.

Current knowledge on the effects of climate, food quality and land cover on millipedes is reviewed, to explore the potential responses of this arthropod group to global change. Climate warming could result in higher rates of population growth and have a positive effect on the abundance of some temperate species. The generality of this finding is evaluated in relation to the life history and current distribution of species. At low latitudes, interactions with more severe droughts are likely and could affect the composition of millipede communities. Elevated atmospheric CO2 and changes in plant community composition are expected to alter leaf litter quality, a major determinant of millipede fertility. This could significantly influence population growth rates, but the warming effect will be probably more important for decades. Land cover changes, mainly due to deforestation in the tropics and land abandonment in Europe, are critical to habitat specialists and could override any other effect of global change. At the landscape scale, habitat heterogeneity seems to be a good option for millipede conservation, even at the cost of some fragmentation.
Digestibility In Vitro Discorea Hispida Dennst using Albizia Saponaria Lour Extract as Local Feed

The availability of local feed resources in various regions in Indonesia is quite abundant in quantity and availability, but their utilization is not optimal. This study specifically analyzes the In Vitro Digestibility of Dioscorea hispida Dennst Using Albizia Saponaria Lour (Langir) Extract as local feed, which was carried out at two locations, namely Tinanggea District, Konawe Selatan Regency, and the animal feed laboratory, Faculty of Animal Science, Halu Oleo University with a research duration of 6 months, namely January-July 2023 The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) unidirectional pattern with 4 treatments and 4 replications so that a total of 16 experimental plots. The experimental procedure begins with preparing Dioscorea hispida Dennst, the preparation of langir bark extract, the Soaking of the Trial Samples, and the Collection and Sampling. The findings showed that using langir bark extract up to 15% reduced cyanide acid (HCN) levels to 10,07 ppm or 49,06% compared to HCN levels in the study controls. Langir bark extract up to 15% usage level in Dioscorea hispida Dennst immersion has no effect on dry matter digestibility and organic matter digestibility in vitro because it still shows the maximum digestibility level of 91,54-93,48% dry matter and 69,74-77,86% organic matter, langir bark extract into Dioscorea hispida Dennst flour was used effectively in improving the concentration of NH3 and VFA at the 5% level, with the achievement of a concentration of NH3 of 5,09 mM and a concentration of VFA of 147,10 mM.
Enterprise Uncertainty Perception and Tax Avoidance

Selecting the annual data of Chinese listed companies from 2011 to 2021, this paper aims to explore how the corporate perception of economic uncertainty influences tax avoidance and further analyzes the impact of tax uncertainty perception on tax avoidance under different property rights, audit levels, and financial constraints. The results prove that the uncertainty perception can promote tax avoidance, especially for non-state-owned enterprises with poor audit quality and large financial constraints. Thus, this paper suggests that the government should pay attention to the stability of policies, strengthen tax supervision, and introduce supporting policies, so as to help enterprises maintain stability in the uncertain environment.