Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Utilization of biobed for the efficient treatment of olive oil mill wastewater

Simple and low-cost field systems called biobeds have been successfully developed in Sweden to reduce the environmental pollution caused by pesticides. Although these systems have been effi-ciently used for the treatment of a broad range of wastewaters worldwide, however, their utilization for olive oil mill wastewaters (ΟMWW) treatment is limited. The aim of this study was the exam-ination of a pilot soil tank of 1 m 3 (biobed) operation for treatment, purification, and detoxification of a highly loaded olive oil wastewater effluent and the determination of the appropriate mixture of filling material consisted of compost and soil and the corresponding bed layer thickness for the opti- mum removal capacity of pollutants. A handmade irrigation system was developed to inject olive mill wastewater onto the biobed. Raw and effluent samples were collected in a feed and a storage tank, respectively. The effluent from the storage tank was recycled to the inlet of the system and the operation was carried out in subsequent treatment cycles; the concentration of various pollutants in the influent, the effluent, and the recycled stream was measured on a weekly basis together with the corresponding flow rates. The overall removal capacity as a function of the treatment cycles was studied, as well as the behavior of the biobed due to blockage and placental buildup of solids in the upper part. Among them, significant results were obtained, such as a great decrease in biochemical oxygen demand (96%), chemical oxygen demand (92%), total phenols (88%), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (85%), and NH 4+ (100%) and important incensement of pH values. It was concluded that the recy- cling of the effluent was beneficial in pollutants removal; effluent collected after the third treatment cycle had the appropriate quality for being either reused in irrigation–watering or discharge into natural recipients, meeting the standards of relevant wastewater and soil conditioner legislation.
Intranasal Immunization with Acellular Pertussis Vaccines Results in Long-Term Immunity to <named-content content-type='genus-species'>Bordetella pertussis</named-content> in Mice

Bordetella pertussis colonizes the respiratory mucosa of humans, inducing an immune response seeded in the respiratory tract. An individual, once convalescent, exhibits long-term immunity to the pathogen. Current acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines do not induce the long-term immune response observed after natural infection in humans. In this study, we evaluated the durability of protection from intranasal (i.n.) pertussis vaccines in mice. Mice that convalesced from B. pertussis infection served as a control group. Mice were immunized with a mock vaccine (phosphate-buffered saline [PBS]), aP only, or an aP base vaccine combined with one of the following adjuvants: alum, curdlan, or purified whole glucan particles (IRI-1501). We utilized two study designs: short term (challenged 35days after priming vaccination) and long term (challenged 6 months after boost). The short-term study demonstrated that immunization with i.n. vaccine candidates decreased the bacterial burden in the respiratory tract, reduced markers of inflammation, and induced significant serum and lung antibody titers. In the long-term study, protection from bacterial challenge mirrored the results observed in the short-term challenge study. Immunization with pertussis antigens alone was surprisingly protective in both models; however, the alum and IRI-1501 adjuvants induced significant B. pertussis-specific IgG antibodies in both the serum and lung and increased numbers of anti-B. pertussis IgG-secreting plasma cells in the bone marrow. Our data indicate that humoral responses induced by the i.n. vaccines correlated with protection, suggesting that long-term antibody responses can be protective.
Arsenate removal by chitosan iron oxyhydroxide beads: preparation, characterization, and adsorption studies

This study compared arsenic removal from drinking water by two different adsorbents: iron-impregnated chitosan beads (Fe-ICB) and iron-doped chitosan beads (Fe-dCB). Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared, and Raman spectroscopy were applied to characterize the materials produced. The As(V) adsorption capacity of both types of materials was evaluated by batch tests, followed by a column test using the most promising material. The XRD and the Raman spectroscopy confirmed the presence of 2-line ferrihydrite in the produced Fe-dCB, and no specific iron oxy-hydroxide was identified in the Fe-ICB. Both types of materials followed either the Langmuir or the Freundlich isotherm adsorption models. The Fe-dCB were more efficient in removing As(V) than the Fe-ICB. The actual maximum capacity of the produced Fe-dCB ranged from 0.27 to 0.61 mg/g under the conditions tested (concentration: 1 mg/L; pH: 7.0; 100 rpm). The Fe-dCB with the better adsorption capacity at low concentrations (<0.1 mg/L) were used in a column test using an As(V) influent concentration of 0.060 mg/L. The Fe-dCB produced close to 91,000 BVs, meeting the standard for drinking water (0.01 mg/L). Therefore, the material exhibits promising adsorbent properties for filtration applications with low arsenic concentrations.
LOW PROFILE WIDE BEAMWIDTH ANTENNA FED BY 1:5 UNEQUAL WILKINSON POWER DIVIDER

A novel wide beamwidth microstrip patch antenna fed by a 1 : 5 unequal Wilkinson power divider with a low profile of 0. 027λ0 is presented. A circular patch and an independent feeding concentric metal ring can realize the broad half-power beamwidth (HPBW) in the far field. A 1 : 5 unequal Wilkinson power divider is designed as the antenna feed. The HPBWs of the antenna reach 258◦ and 267◦ in XZ-plane and Y Z-plane, respectively, covering the whole upper half space at central frequency (2.54GHz). The results of simulation and measurement show great consistency.
IMMENSELY IMPACTED EPIDEMIC AND PANDEMIC VIRAL OUTBREAKS IN INDIA: A REVIEW ARTICLE

The new discoveries and technologies are day by day progressing, on the same time new different diseases also increasing in the world. The microbes are one of the disease causing factors for human being. The viruses are the most dangerous microbes in the world, now a day there is no specific medicine and treatment for more number of viruses. In current outbreak SARS CoV-2 virus is fully changed the world environment. In this present study focused to the most important past, present viral outbreaks in India in 19-21 century. This review has compiled with clear information’s about viruses which are highly affected in India.
Dataset of Gravity-Induced Landforms and Sinkholes of the Northeast Coast of Malta (Central Mediterranean Sea)

This study investigates gravity-induced landforms that populate the North-Eastern coast of Malta. Attention is focused on tens of persistent joints and thousands of boulders associated with deep-seated gravitational slope deformations (DGSDs), such as lateral spreads and block slides. Lateral spreads produce deep and long joints, which partially isolate limestone boulders along the edge of wide plateaus. These lateral spreads evolve into large block slides that detach thousands of limestone boulders from the cliffs and transport them towards the sea. These boulders are grouped in large slope-failure deposits surrounding limestone plateaus and cover downslope terrains. Gravity-induced joints (n = 124) and downslope boulders (n = 39,861) were identified and categorized using Google Earth (GE) images and later validated by field surveys. The datasets were digitized in QGIS and stored using ESRI shapefiles, which are common digital formats for storing vector GIS data. These types of landslides are characterized by slow-moving mechanisms, which evolve into destructive failures and present an elevated level of risk to coastal populations and infrastructure. Hundreds of blocks identified along the shore also provide evidence of sinkholes; for this reason, the paper also provides a catalogue of sinkholes. The outputs from this research can provide coastal managers with important information regarding the occurrence of coastal geohazards and represent a key resource for future landslide hazard assessment.
Corporate stress and bank nonperforming loans: Evidence from Pakistan

Using detailed administrative Pakistani credit registry data, we show that banks with low leverage ratios are both significantly slower and less likely to recognize a loan as nonperforming than other banks that lend to the same firm. Moreover, we find suggestive evidence that this lack of recognition impedes loan curing, with banks with low leverage ratios reporting significantly higher final default rates than other banks for the same borrower (even after controlling for differences in loan terms). Our empirical findings are consistent with the theoretical prediction that classifying a nonperforming loan is more expensive for banks with less capital.
Shopping for Evidence Against School Accountability

Margaret E. Raymond is director of CREDO at the Hoover Institution of Stanford University. CREDO provides impartial evaluation of educational programs and policies. She has published independent evaluations of Teach for America, charter schools, and California’s accountability system. She can be contacted at macke@stanford.edu. Eric A. Hanushek is the Paul and Jean Hanna Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution of Stanford University, chair of the executive committee for the Texas Schools Project, and a research fellow of the National Bureau of Economic Research. He has written extensively about the economics and finance of schools. He can be contacted at hanushek@stanford.edu.
Future Trends of Wireless Sensor Network

A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a network formed by a large number of sensor nodes, each equipped with Sensor(s) to detect physical phenomena such as heat, light, temperature, pressure, motion or sound etc. This paper focuses on the historical background of how the wireless sensor network has come into the existence, it’s types, and the current trends. It also presents the applications of WSNs in various fields like agriculture, environmental monitoring, military, health, automation, industrial monitoring, public utilities, assets management and many more. This research paper has also pinpointed the various challenges and issues which are being faced in Wireless Sensor Network and the future possibilities of wireless sensor network.
Time In Range as measured by continuous glucose monitor as a predictor of microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: A systemic review

Aim: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) derived times in range (TIR) correlates with hemoglobin A1c (A1c) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, there is a paucity of data evaluating its association with microvascular complications. We conducted this systematic review to examine the association between TIR and microvascular complications of diabetic retinopathy (DR), diabetic nephropathy (DN) and peripheral diabetic neuropathy (DPN). Method: We conducted a comprehensive literature search on online database of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Full texts original articles that evaluated association between CGM-derived TIR and risk of microvascular complications which were published between 2010 and June 2021, were included in our systematic review. The quality of included studies were evaluated using National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Data were analyzed using qualitative synthesis. Result: Eleven studies were included in the systematic review. The mean sample size, baseline A1c, and diabetes duration were 1271 (105-5901), 8.2 % (SD 0.5 %) and 11.3 years, respectively. Majority of studies were conducted in Asia (10 out 11). Four studies evaluated the relationship between CGM-derived TIR and DR and CGM-derived TIR and DN, while seven studies evaluated the relationship between CGM-derived TIR and DPN. A 10 % increase in TIR was associated with a reduction in albuminuria, severity of diabetic retinopathy, and prevalence of diabetic peripheral nephropathy and cardiac autonomic neuropathy. In addition, an association was observed between urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio but not with estimated glomerular filtration rate. Conclusion: This review summarizes recent evidence supporting an association between CGM-derived TIR and microvascular complications among patients with T2DM. A larger-scale multi-center investigation that includes more diverse participants is warranted to further validate the utility of TIR as a predictor for diabetic microvascular complications.
Development of a novel antifouling polyethersulfone composite membrane with PHEMA-b-F127-b-PHEMA as an additive for oil-in-water emulsion separation

Pluronic F127-block-poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA-b-F127-b-PHEMA) was beforehand synthesized via the RAFT polymerization and used as an additive with polyethersulfone (PES) matrix to fabricate composite membranes by the phase inversion method. During the membrane formation process, the highly hydrophilic PHEMA blocks migrate spontaneously onto the membrane surfaces, which can be verified by the attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. As a result, the composite membrane surface porosity and hydrophilicity were enhanced compared with the unmodified PES membrane. More importantly, the water permeability and anti-fouling ability of composite membranes were improved significantly. Furthermore, the PHEMA blocks enriched on the as-made PES composite membrane surface, which acted as an anchor to immobilize the initiating site. Therefore, a lot of functional polymers were effectively grafted onto the PES composite membranes by surface-initiated radical polymerization.
Screening and quantification of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites in municipal wastewater treatment facilities in Guangzhou, China

The combination of qualitative methods with quantitative analysis of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites in wastewater treatment plants using liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight high-resolution mass spectrometry is presented. The selected pharmaceuticals were found at a low or medium level in raw wastewater, compared with previous studies around the world. The removal efficiencies of sulfamethoxazole in the four parallel biological treatment processes were similar. Data-independent and data-dependent mass spectrometry acquisition methods (All Ions MS/MS and auto MS/MS) were employed for qualitative analysis. Five of the 18 tentatively identified compounds resulted from data-independent acquisition mode were confirmed with standards. Thirty-nine pharmaceuticals and seven metabolites were tentatively identified using data-dependent acquisition mode. The parent pharmaceuticals and their metabolites, such as caffeine and its three metabolites (3-methylxanthine, 1,7-dimethyluric acid, and paraxanthine), were detected in wastewater. Irbesartan and valsartan were tentatively identified in both positive and negative modes. The present study demonstrates that both data-dependent and dataindependent acquisitions are suitable and reliable for tentative determination of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites in municipal wastewater.
MULTILAYERED IMPLANTABLE ANTENNA BIOSENSOR FOR CONTINUOUS GLUCOSE MONITORING: DESIGN AND ANALYSIS

This article reports a multilayer implantable biosensor for a continuous glucose monitoring system, tested on rats to determine the relationship between intravenous glucose level and resonance frequency of implant antenna sensor. An implantable antenna sensor with the volume 330.9mm3 is tested in three rats as an animal model. This antenna biosensor operates in the Medical Implant Communication Service frequency band (402–405MHz) with the simulated and measured maximum gains of −13.33 and −21.1 dB, respectively. The specific absorption rate obtained is within the standard limits. An oral glucose tolerance test is proposed to obtain the variation in blood glucose level in the animal’s body during measurement. The resonance frequency shift and the corresponding blood glucose level are observed at a regular interval of 30 minutes. A frequency shift of 4.94 kHz per mg/dL is observed. Also, the results related to the reflection coefficient and the factors affecting sensor performance are discussed. The biosensor performance is validated using the proposed simple linear regression model.
Review on Agricultural Extension Systems in Ethiopia: A Cluster Farming Approaches

Ethiopia implemented several extensions approach to the agricultural sector since mid-1960s. This paper reviews the literatures on agricultural extension systems in Ethiopia and provides an overview of recent evidence on agricultural extension systems and explore the conceptual suggestion in technology dissemination and popularization. Farmer production clusters is a group of farmers who work together on shared interests and towards a common goal and these groups of farmers are required to adopt the latest full-package farm recommendations. The agricultural commercialization cluster initiative in Ethiopia across the four major agricultural regions of the country in Tigray, Amhara, Oromia and SNNPR is implemented with the aim of improving livelihoods, food quality and affordability, import substitution, export and agro-processing and creation of job opportunities. The observed data from ATA and CSA, 2019/20 in major crops on wheat, maize, barley, tef and sesame production in Tigray, Amhara, Oromia and SNNPR regions revealed that only 5.19% of farmers are part of farmers production cluster and 7.21% areas of land is cultivated through cluster farming. Hence, both governmental and non-governmental organization should focus on increasing the number participant farmers and areas to be allocated under cluster farming. In addition, emphasis should be given to the provisions of effective and efficient extension services with the full production package and on creating market linkages to improve farmers livelihoods through operation of cluster farming.
Physicochemical properties and acceptability of three formulations containing fava bean, quinoa and corn flour extrudates

Andean grains, widely distributed in the high areas of the Andean Highlands, can help to reduce malnutrition owing to their high content of protein and balance of essential amino acids. Recently, their consumption has changed as they are increasingly used for instant food mixtures. However, a better design and formulation are necessary to maintain Andean grains’ nutritional value and characteristics. In this study, we evaluated the physicochemical properties and acceptability of three formulations containing extruded corn (Zea mays L.), fava bean (Vicia faba L.), and quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) flours. Grain samples were collected from Choclococha, Acobamba, Huancavelica, Peru, and extruded at 95°C. Subsequently, three flour formulations were prepared. The formulation comprising 30% fava bean flour, 58% quinoa flour, and 12% corn flour consisted of 18.64% protein, 4.87% fat, 8.4% humidity, 2.99% ash, and 62.44% carbohydrates. This formulation with the highest quinoa flour content presented the highest acceptability in terms of color odor and flavor, and the highest protein content and digestibility (72.6%) of all analyzed formulations. Thermal analysis and pasting testing indicated that the formulation with the highest acceptability did not contain native starch; moreover, the proteins in this formulation were denatured.
The growth analysis of soybean cultivars on the application of banana pseudo-stem bokashi in Samas Coastal Land, Yogyakarta

A coastal sandy land is a potential land used for soybean cultivation. The success in developing soybeans in coastal sandy land depends on the suitability of cultivars used and the cultivation technology applied. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the growth of twelve soybean cultivars in coastal sandy land as affected by the application of banana pseudo-stem bokashi. The experiment was carried out in factorial randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatment factors consisted of rates of bokashi (0, 20, 40, and 60 ton.ha-1) and 12 soybean cultivars (Anjasmoro, Argomulyo, Burangrang, Demas 1, Dena 1, Devon 1, Gamasugen 1, Gema, Gepak Ijo, Grobogan, Kaba, and Slamet). The net assimilation rate, relative growth rate, and root and shoot dry weight were affected by the bokashi rates, with varying responses according to the soybean cultivar. Demas 1 cultivar was the most adaptive cultivar in coastal sandy land based on its ability to accumulate dry matter of plants. The accumulation of dry matter of roots and shoots increased with bokashi application and the optimum rate were 42.83 ton.ha-1 and 45.56 ton.ha-1, respectively.
Does Perceptual Learning from Pre-exposure Affect Category Learning?

Multiple-systems theorists assume that different brain systems facilitate different types of category learning. This project focuses on whether perceptual learning facilitates familyresemblance category learning. Rhesus macaques were tested to see if they were able to learn a single category prototype and also learn about two category prototypes simultaneously through mere exposure. Classic COVIS theory predicted exposure would benefit learning a single category prototype but not learning simultaneously about two category prototypes. COVIS plus theory predicted exposure would benefit in both situations. Results showed that exposure was clearly beneficial when learning a single category, but harmed learning two categories. Results from prototype modeling suggest that relevant exposure did allow the macaques to build two separate prototype representations but did not aid categorization. This was not predicted by either theory. Further research needs to be done to distinguish between the two theories. INDEX WORDS: Perceptual learning, Exposure learning, Categorization, Comparative cognition, Animal cognition, Rhesus macaques Copyright by Brooke N. Jackson 2021 Does Perceptual Learning from Pre-exposure affect Category Learning?
A Comparative Analysis of Digital Filters for Image Processing Applications in VLSI

: Processing of a digital image by the utilization of computer design is normally referred as digital image processing. In image filtering, image processing and computer vision are very useful techniques. It is utilized to remove some unwanted signals which has captured the image and termed as noise. Digital filters are an integral part of signal processing which help us to remove the frequencies which are of less importance or considered unwanted, also known as noise sometimes. Therefore the digital image filtering technique is often used to eliminate noise. Image filters usually follow the software approach in systems. Hardware execution is preferred over software execution for better processing speed. VLSI technology is a good choice for image processing with hardware implementation. The proposed work is with a new hardware accelerator design that filters input data using the Gabor and Box functions and provided to image processing. The approached design will get a great depletion regarding resources compared to other state-of-the-art implementations. In this work, a comparative study of both the gabor filter and box filter on FPGA execution is presented. By using the Xilinx ISE, simulation and synthesis is done. In VLSI, verilog code is a descriptive language and hardware execution in SPARTAN-3 FPGA.