Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of gastroprotective activity of a chitosan-based gel containing dexpanthenol

Introduction: Development of new gastroprotectants for treatment of acid-related digestive disorders remains an urgent task of gastroenterology and pharmacology, due to the wide prevalence of this category of diseases, as well as the problem of insufficient efficacy and safety of the existing regimens. The aim of this study is to develop a chitosan-based gel containing dexpanthenol, and experimentally evaluate its gastroprotective activity in preclinical studies. Materials and methods: Preclinical studies were carried out on 4 different models of ulcer formation: NSAID gast - ropathy, 2 schemes (preventive or curative), ethanol-induced ulcerogenesis, and stress-induced ulcerogenesis. The gel under study containing chitosan and dexpanthenol was used in 3 doses (0.08, 0.16 and 0.24 ml/100 g of body weight). Results and discussion: The chitosan-based gel containing dexpanthenol in models of NSAID gastropathy and stress-induced ulcerogenesis (preventive scheme) has a pronounced gastroprotective effect, exceeding the effect of su-cralfate . In NSAID-gastropathy model (curative scheme), chitosan-based gel containing dexpanthenol has a gastropro-tective
Fields, forces, and flows : what laboratory experiments reveal about the dynamics of arched plasma structures

Magnetic flux tubes and, more generally, magnetic field structures that link a plasma volume to its boundary are prominent features in plasma systems of significant interest, such as the solar atmosphere and the interiors of magnetic fusion devices. In order to study the fundamental physics of these systems, experiments were conducted in the laboratory using a magnetized plasma gun to produce individual arched, plasma-filled magnetic flux tubes. More complex plasma topologies were also explored. The absence of confining walls allowed plasmas to evolve freely — which they did, very dynamically, over the course of several microseconds. The experiment setup featured excellent reproducibility, extensive diagnostic accessibility, and several tunable parameters. In particular, a plasma "color coding" technique and magnetic measurements provided new and interesting results. The single arches or "loops" of plasma exhibited sustained axial collimation, even during a dramatic evolution from a small, semicircular arch into a kinked structure up to seven times larger. The loops' magnetic structure was verified as consistent with that of a flux tube, and their evolution was found to be in quantitative agreement with two interrelated magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) theories: a simplified hoop force model for the axis expansion and a recently proposed MHD flow model for the collimation. More complex plasma structures were found to be similarly dominated by the effects of the magnetic field, exhibiting behavior that was highly repeatable but varied significantly from one magnetic structure to the next. These findings suggest that MHD-driven flows are an important mechanism for the transport of plasma in arched flux tubes and other magnetic plasma structures. Because MHD has no inherent length scale, the forces driving the evolution of these experiments are expected to similarly affect other systems with low plasma beta and a high Lundquist number.
Non-equilibrium thermodynamics as gauge fixing

By considering a thermodynamic force as gauge field, we extend constitutive equations of Onsager's non-equilibrium thermodynamics to non-linear equations. In Onsager's non-equilibrium thermodynamics, the thermodynamic force corresponds to a pure gauge, for which the constitutive equations are obtained by gauge fixing. If we extend the thermodynamic force from pure gauge to physical one, we obtain the non-linear constitutive equations of non-equilibrium thermodynamics.
An electron of helium atom under a high-intensity laser field

We scrutinize the behavior of eigenvalues of an electron in a helium (He) atom as it interacts with electric field directed along the z-axis and is exposed to linearly polarized intense laser field radiation. To achieve this, we freeze one electron of the He atom at its ionic ground state and the motion of the second electron in the ion core is treated via a more general case of screened Coulomb potential model. Using the Kramers–Henneberger (KH) unitary transformation, which is the semiclassical counterpart of the Block–Nordsieck transformation in the quantized field formalism, the squared vector potential that appears in the equation of motion is eliminated and the resultant equation is expressed in the KH frame. Within this frame, the resulting potential and the corresponding wave function are expanded in Fourier series and using Ehlotzky’s approximation, we obtain a laser-dressed potential to simulate intense laser field. By fitting the more general case of screened Coulomb potential model into the laser-dressed potential, and then expanding it in Taylor series up to O(r4,α09), we obtain the solution (eigenvalues and wave function) of an electron in a He atom under the influence of external electric field and high-intensity laser field, within the framework of perturbation theory formalism. We found that the variation in frequency of laser radiation has no effect on the eigenvalues of a He electron for a particular electric field intensity directed along z-axis. Also, for a very strong external electric field and an infinitesimal screening parameter, the system is strongly bound. This work has potential application in the areas of atomic and molecular processes in external fields including interactions with strong fields and short pulses.
A Combined mmWave Tracking and Classification Framework Using a Camera for Labeling and Supervised Learning

Millimeter wave (mmWave) radar poses prosperous opportunities surrounding multiple-object tracking and sensing as a unified system. One of the most challenging aspects of exploiting sensing opportunities with mmWave radar is the labeling of mmWave data so that, in turn, a respective model can be designed to achieve the desired tracking and sensing goals. The labeling of mmWave datasets usually involves a domain expert manually associating radar frames with key events of interest. This is a laborious means of labeling mmWave data. This paper presents a framework for training a mmWave radar with a camera as a means of labeling the data and supervising the radar model. The methodology presented in this paper is compared and assessed against existing frameworks that aim to achieve a similar goal. The practicality of the proposed framework is demonstrated through experimentation in varying environmental conditions. The proposed framework is applied to design a mmWave multi-object tracking system that is additionally capable of classifying individual human motion patterns, such as running, walking, and falling. The experimental findings demonstrate a reliably trained radar model that uses a camera for labeling and supervision that can consistently produce high classification accuracy across environments beyond those in which the model was trained against. The research presented in this paper provides a foundation for future research in unified tracking and sensing systems by alleviating the labeling and training challenges associated with designing a mmWave classification model.
The Implementation E-Government to Increase Democratic Participation: The Use of Mobile Government

As information and technology develop the use of technology in various sectors has increased, including in the governance sector. Electronic governance was on the rise, especially with the limited mobility and social interaction restrictions during international health crises. Electronic government studies the use of information and communication technology within the public sector and holds the potentials of transformational government. The adoption of electronic governance in the public sector has created a revolution in the government’s administration and contributed to the improvement of accountability, efficiency, and transparency. The rationality of electronic governance is often associated with the increase of democratic participation through electronic government framework, involving a series of large-scale innovation projects and system that is technology-oriented. Through literature study, the researcher tried to analyze the implementation of electronic government to increase democratic participation through the use of mobile government by elaborating the functions electronic government can offers. The study reveals that electronic governance could provide open government data that opened a forum for citizens to debate over the issue concerning the government’s system that may solve several issues such as the low number of democratic participation and corruption.
Electromagnetic fluctuations in magnetized plasmas II: Extension of the theory for parallel wave vectors

Starting from the recently derived general expressions for the electromagnetic fluctuation spectra (electric and magnetic field) from uncorrelated plasma particles in plasmas with an uniform magnetic field, the case of strictly parallel ( k⊥=0) oriented wave vectors with the respect to the uniform magnetic field direction is investigated. To derive fluctuation spectra valid in the entire complex frequency plane, the relevant dispersion functions and form factors are analytically continued to negative values of the imaginary part of the frequency for arbitrary gyrotropic plasma particle distribution functions. The generalized fluctuation-dissipation theorems for non-collective fluctuations in isotropic equal-temperature thermal distribution functions for general complex values of the frequency of the fluctuations with parallel wave vectors are derived.
Mouth-in-the-Door: The Effect of a Sound Image of an Avatar Intruding on Personal Space That Deviates in Position From the Visual Image

In this paper, we examine the audiovisual experience in virtual reality (VR) service context that enables a more effective interaction between a user immersed in a virtual environment (VE) and an avatar as a store staff. By utilizing the characteristics of VE experiences, we find the effects of this unrealistic relationship between the visual and auditory positions of the avatar presented to the user variable rather than uniformly presented in the same position. In this study, we conducted an experiment to investigate how the positional deviation between the sound and visual images can be tolerated in VE, the effect of positional deviation on the interpersonal distance to the avatar, and the possibility of manipulating the impression of the avatar by deviating the sound image from the visual image. For the experiment, we prepared a space resembling a VE store and conducted proximity experiments with 16 gender-balanced participants and six types of avatars. By utilizing the superiority of visual information over auditory information revealed in the experiments, we constructed an interpersonal situation with an avatar playing the role of store staff in which only the sound image intruded into the user’s personal space, and we investigated users’ impressions of the avatar. We also investigated users’ impressions of the avatar. We found the following two phenomena in the experimental conditions where the positional difference was allowed: 1) Even when the positional difference was allowed, it caused an “uncanny valley”-like phenomenon that led to a decrease in rapport; and 2) In the conditions where the positional difference was allowed when the sound image was closer than the visual image to the participant, the rapport was greater with the avatar playing the role of the store staff. This phenomenon is similar to the “foot-in-the-door” phenomenon in which small unconscious consent (i.e., allowing a sound image to intrude on one’s personal space) leads to an improvement in the evaluation of the other person (i.e., the rapport with another person). The techniques proposed in this paper, such as the positional difference between the sound and visual images, significantly improve the value of the service experiences obtained through interaction with others in VE.
Investigations on indentation size effects using a pile-up corrected hardness

Indentation size effects (ISEs) become severe in the nanoindentation regime because various influencing factors become active in a very shallow indentation regime. Additionally, the general analysis on the nanoindentation curve yields hardness overestimation because it cannot take into account material pile-up around contacts. Thus we tried to investigate intrinsic ISEs in monolithic materials by proposing a new hardness measurement method; the load-supporting contact boundary was approximated as the peak trajectory around an impression and analysed by a radial differentiation of the remnant indent morphology. Dependence of the new load-off hardness on the indentation depth was investigated for (1 0 0) tungsten single crystal and fused quartz. The contribution of the material pile-up to the new hardness was clearly modified but more significant hardness increase appeared at a very shallow indentation regime due to severe elastic recovery. These phenomena are discussed with the strain-gradient plasticity model.
Electrowetting-enhanced microfluidic device for drop generation

We integrated electrowetting into a microfluidic flow focusing device to study drop generation under the influence of electric fields. Using both the dispersed phase inlet pressure and the applied voltage as control parameters, we find that the range of drop sizes and the drop generation rate can be controlled in a much finer way than with hydrodynamics alone. In particular a “conical spray” regime occurring at a voltage of O(50 V) allows for continuous tuning of the (highly monodisperse) drop diameter from ≈ 5 to 50 μm at a fixed continuous flow rate.
Dissecting Gravity: From Customs Forms to Country-Level Trade Flows

This paper studies the micro-foundations of the gravity equation of bilateral aggregate trade (cid:29)ows between any two countries. At the country level it states that the value of bilateral trade is inversely proportional to the distance between countries, typically measured between the capitals of those countries, and directly proportional to the gross national products of those countries. Using a unique and novel data set for Russian (cid:28)rms we study properties of (cid:28)rm-to-(cid:28)rm export (cid:29)ows from the most disaggregated level of individual customs forms to the (cid:28)rm-level, and then aggregate these (cid:29)ows to the country level. Our data set encodes all Russian exporters and foreign recipients and the import and export transactions that are tied to speci(cid:28)c suppliers in every country as well as buyers in every destination country. The data includes good’s classi(cid:28)cation, quantity, weight in kilograms, value in both local currency and USD, exact locations of good origination and delivery, including ports of entry and exit, delivery method, and some contractual details regarding payment obligations. Our (cid:28)rst result is on the role of exact distance in the gravity equation at every level instead of the capital-to-capital surrogate distance. We (cid:28)nd that using exact distance at the country level increases by 25% the absolute value of the coe(cid:30)cient on the log of distance, which is both statistically and economically signi(cid:28)cant. Using either distance, however, yields the traditional negative relation between the trade value value and distance at the country level. We then test the gravity relation at the shipment and (cid:28)rm level. We (cid:28)nd that distance has no explanatory power for the cargo value while the unit cargo value increases with distance. We also (cid:28)nd that cargo weight declines with distance. At the (cid:28)rm level we (cid:28)nd an ambiguous e(cid:27)ect of distance on the value of exports. The export value increases/decreases with distance with/without exporter and recipient (cid:28)xed e(cid:27)ects. We then study why the data aggregates at the country level to the classical gravity equation. We (cid:28)nd that the most crucial property of the data leading to the correct aggregation is associated with the shipment level data. Speci(cid:28)cally, we show that the average value per shipment should increase slower with distance than the decline in the average number of shipments with distance to yield the correct aggregation at the country level. We then demonstrate that as long as this condition is satis(cid:28)ed, the (cid:28)rm level aggregation may yield quite di(cid:27)erent results ranging from the traditional negative relation between value and distance, to no relation between them, to positive relation between them, thus making the (cid:28)rm-level evidence much less informative regarding the country-level gravity. We also provide support to theories emphasizing that higher quality and thus more expensive goods get shipped over longer distances.
New Design Process for Reliability-Based Topology Optimization of a Laser Scanned Model

Abstract This paper mainly discusses the process of rapid product development (RPD) from reverse engineering to creating the optimal design. A laser scanning system scans a product and an efficient data processing method reduces the scanned point data. The reduced (scanned) point model is transformed to a finite element model without the construction of a Computer Aided Design model. Since CAD modeling is time-consuming work, skipping this step can save a considerable amount of time. This Finite Element model is updated from results based on the structural characteristics of a modal test of the actual model. For FE model updating, the Response Surface Method is adopted. Finally, the updated FE model is optimized using a recently developed Reliability-based Topology Optimization. All these processes are applied to the design of the upper part of a cellular phone.
Ultraviolet absorption by interstellar gas near the LMC star HD 36402 in the interstellar bubble N51D

We have studied ultraviolet high-dispersion IUE spectra of the LMC star HD 36402 in the nebulosity N51D. Apart from absorption due to Milky Way gas, we find four interstellar absorption components associated with the immediate surroundings of HD 36402. The absorption at 305 km/sup -1/ originates in low-density, n(e)roughly-equal0.1 cm/sup -3/, 10/sup 4/ K gas. At 280 km s/sup -1/, strong absroption from the excited fine-structure level of carbon points to densities n(e)>1 cm/sup -3/ at 10/sup 4/ K. The velocity and density structure agree with that derived from visual emission lines. Additional weak absorption by common interstellar ions is seen near 260 km s/sup -1/. From a fit to the observed Lv.cap alpha. profile, it is found that there is N(H)roughly-equal10/sup 20.2/ cm/sup -2/ in front of HD 36402, while the large N(H)roughly-equal10/sup 21.3/ cm/sup -2/ from 21 cm data clearly places most of the neutral gas behind N51D. The fourth component near 270 km s/sup -1/ shows strong N V, C IV, and Si IV, more than is consistent with a wind-blown interstellar bubble; hence there is additional absorption outside the bubble. The overall pattern of absorbtion-line strengths suggests solar abundance ratios for the metals. The earlier evolutionmore » of the large stellar association LH 77 may have induced star formation leading to bright nebulosities around LH 77, one of them being the bubble N51D. « less
Asymptotic regimes in elastohydrodynamic and stochastic leveling on a viscous film

An elastic sheet that deforms near a solid substrate in a viscous fluid is a situation relevant to various dynamical processes in biology, geophysics and engineering. Here, we study the relaxation dynamics of an elastic plate resting on a thin viscous film that is supported by a solid substrate. By combining scaling analysis, numerical simulations and experiments, we identify asymptotic regimes for the elastohydrodynamic leveling of a surface perturbation of the form of a bump, when the flow is driven by either the elastic bending of the plate or thermal fluctuations. In both cases, two distinct regimes are identified when the bump height is either much larger or much smaller than the thickness of the pre-wetted viscous film. Our analysis reveals a distinct crossover between the similarity exponents with the ratio of the perturbation height to the film height.
Triple-Networked Hybrid Hydrogels Reinforced with Montmorillonite Clay and Graphene Nanoplatelets for Soft and Hard Tissue Regeneration

Hydrogel is a three-dimensional (3D) soft and highly hydrophilic, polymeric network that can swell in water and imbibe a high amount of water or biological fluids. Hydrogels have been used widely in various biomedical applications. Hydrogel may provide a fluidic tissue-like 3D microenvironment by maintaining the original network for tissue engineering. However, their low mechanical performances limit their broad applicability in various functional tissues. This property causes substantial challenges in designing and preparing strong hydrogel networks. Therefore, we report the triple-networked hybrid hydrogel network with enhanced mechanical properties by incorporating dual-crosslinking and nanofillers (e.g., montmorillonite (MMT), graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs)). In this study, we prepared hybrid hydrogels composed of polyacrylamide, poly (vinyl alcohol), sodium alginate, MMT, and MMT/GNPs through dynamic crosslinking. The freeze-dried hybrid hydrogels showed good 3D porous architecture. The results exhibited a magnificent porous structure, interconnected pore-network surface morphology, enhanced mechanical properties, and cellular activity of hybrid hydrogels.
The Development of a Three-Dimensional Platform for Patient-Derived Ovarian Cancer Tissue Models: A Systematic Literature Review

Simple Summary The aim of this systematic review is to provide an overview of the state of the art on in vitro models for ovarian cancer studies, with focus on patient derived studies, which provides a personalised approach to treatment of patients with ovarian cancer. Abstract There is an unmet biomedical need for ex vivo tumour models that would predict drug responses and in turn help determine treatment regimens and potentially predict resistance before clinical studies. Research has shown that three dimensional models of ovarian cancer (OvCa) are more realistic than two dimensional in vitro systems as they are able to capture patient in vivo conditions in more accurate manner. The vast majority of studies aiming to recapitulate the ovarian tumour morphology, behaviors, and study chemotherapy responses have been using ovarian cancer cell lines. However, despite the advantages of utilising cancer cell lines to set up a platform, they are not as informative as systems applying patient derived cells, as cell lines are not able to recapitulate differences between each individual patient characteristics. In this review we discussed the most recent advances in the creation of 3D ovarian cancer models that have used patient derived material, the challenges to overcome and future applications.
Critical-point behavior of a measurement-based quantum heat engine

We study how a quantum heat engine performs across the critical value of an external parameter, pertaining to the quantum phase transition. Considering a two-ion system subjected to a magnetic field, we show that the system performs in a quantum Otto cycle above a critical value of the magnetic field, while below such critical point, it does not operate in a heat cycle at all. Moreover, at the critical point, its interaction with an ancillary ion deteriorates the performance of the system as a heat engine. We further show that a strong interaction between the constituent ions of an ion-based system is crucial for it to work in a heat-work cycle, while the coupling to the ancillary system must be minimized.