Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The stellar evolution of Luminous Red Galaxies, and its dependence on colour, redshift, luminosity and modelling

We present a series of colour-evolution models for luminous red galaxies (LRGs) in the seventh spectroscopic data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), computed using the full-spectrum fitting code vespa on high signal-to-noise ratio stacked spectra. The colour-evolution models are computed as a function of colour, luminosity and redshift, and we do not a priori assume that LRGs constitute a uniform population of galaxies in terms of stellar evolution. By computing star formation histories from the fossil record, the measured stellar evolution of the galaxies is decoupled from the survey’s selection function, which also evolves with redshift. We present these evolutionary models computed using three different sets of stellar population synthesis (SPS) codes. We show that the traditional fiducial model of purely passive stellar evolution of LRGs is broadly correct, but it is not sufficient to explain the full-spectral signature. We also find that higher-order corrections to this model are dependent on the SPS used, particularly when calculating the amount of recent star formation. The amount of young stars can be non-negligible in some cases, and has important implications for the interpretation of the number density of LRGs within the selection box as a function of redshift. Dust extinction, however, is more robust to the SPS modelling: extinction increases with decreasing luminosity, increasing redshift and increasing r − i colour. We are making the colour-evolution tracks publicly available at http://www.icg. port.ac. uk/~tojeiror/lrg_evolution/.
Detailed Analysis of Crystal Structure and Optical Properties of Green Synthesized Nanoparticles: Application for Photocatalyst Degradation of Methylene Blue

We report the green chemistry reduction approach method for the synthesis of Manganese Oxide nanoparticles (MnO NPs), Copper Oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) and Manganese-doped Copper Oxide nanoparticles (Mn-doped CuO Nps). Aqueous extract from the seeds was used as reducing and capping agents. The detailed crystal structure analysis was investigated; crystallite size, crystallinity, morphological index, x-ray density, bulk density, specific surface area, porosity, Lorentz factor, Lorentz polarization factor and other parameters were calculated. Simple EDX mapping reveals the presence of Mn, Cu, O and C. FTIR analysis was used to determine the bond length of a nanocomposite. In the visible area, nanoparticles have higher optical absorption, with bandgaps varying from 1.79 (MnO), 2.18 eV (CuO) and 1.72 eV (Mn-doped CuO). After 90 min, the photodegradation rate of Mn-doped CuO nanocatalysts was 93.73 % while using a smaller amount of catalyst (0.1 g) at pH 7. The pseudo-first-order MB photocatalytic decomposition kinetic model has a high correlation coefficient value (R2 > 0.95). It was found that Mn-doped CuO NPs have higher photocatalytic efficiency and can be used as potential photocatalysts for industrial dye degradation. HIGHLIGHTS Green synthesis of Mn, Cu, and Mn-doped Cu nanoparticles by Bambusa seeds extract Characterized via XRD (crystal structure), UV-Vis Diffuse Reflectance spectra (UV-DRS), FT-IR (bond length), and FESEM-EDS analysis Photocatalytic degradation of organic methylene blue dye using Mn-doped CuO nanoparticles GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
COMPARISON OF THE DIFFUSE Hα AND FUV CONTINUUM BACKGROUNDS: ON THE ORIGINS OF THE DIFFUSE Hα BACKGROUND

We compare the diffuse Hα map of our Galaxy with the FUV (1370–1710 Å) continuum map. The Hα intensity correlates well with the FUV intensity. The Hα/FUV intensity ratio increases in general with the Hα intensity and the FUV hardness ratio (1370–1520 Å to 1560–1710 Å), implying that late OB stars may be the main source of the Hα recombination line at high latitudes. The variation of the Hα intensity as a function of the Galactic latitude is also very similar to that of the FUV intensity. The results likely suggest that not only the original radiation sources of the Hα and FUV backgrounds but also the radiative transfer mechanisms responsible for the diffuse backgrounds are largely common. Therefore, we propose a scenario wherein the Hα background at high latitudes is mostly composed of two components, Hα photons produced by in situ recombination at the ionized regions around late OB stars and dust-scattered light of the Hα photons originating from late OB stars.
Massive star formation in galaxies with excess ultraviolet emission

From an analysis of almost 2000 GALEX images of galaxies with morphological types ranging from E to Sab, we have found a significant subset (28%) that show UV emission outside R25. We have obtained Hα imaging of ten such galaxies, and find that their star formation rates are similar in the UV and in Hα, with values ranging from a few tenths to a few M yr −1. Probably because our sample selection is biased towards star-forming galaxies, these rates are comparable to those found in disk galaxies, although the star formation rates of the elliptical galaxies in our sample are well below 1M yr −1. We confirm that the extended UV emission in our sample is caused by massive star formation in outer spiral arms and/or outer (pseudo) rings, rather than by alternative mechanisms such as the UV upturn.
REEXAMINATION OF THE INFRARED EXCESS–ULTRAVIOLET SLOPE RELATION OF LOCAL GALAXIES

The relation between the ratio of infrared (IR) and ultraviolet (UV) flux densities (the infrared excess: IRX) and the slope of the UV spectrum (β) of galaxies plays a fundamental role in the evaluation of the dust attenuation of star-forming galaxies, especially at high redshifts. Many authors, however, have pointed out that there is a significant dispersion and/or deviation from the originally proposed IRX–β relation depending on sample selection. We reexamined the IRX–β relation by measuring the far- and near-UV flux densities of the original sample galaxies with GALEX and AKARI imaging data and constructed a revised formula. We found that the newly obtained IRX values were lower than the original relation because of the significant underestimation of the UV flux densities of the galaxies, caused by the small aperture of IUE. Furthermore, since the original relation was based on IRAS data that covered a wavelength range of λ = 42–122 μm, we obtained an appropriate IRX–β relation with total dust emission (TIR): log (LTIR/LFUV) = log [100.4(3.06 + 1.58β) − 1] + 0.22 using the data from AKARI, which has wider wavelength coverage toward longer wavelengths. This new relation is consistent with most of the preceding results for samples selected at optical and UV, though there is significant scatter around it. We also found that even the quiescent class of IR galaxies follows this new relation, though luminous and ultraluminous IR galaxies distribute completely differently as previously thought.
Healthcare Equity and Commissioning: A Four-Year National Analysis of Portuguese Primary Healthcare Units

Equal and adequate access to healthcare is one of the pillars of Portuguese health policy. Despite the controversy over commissioning processes’ contribution to equity in health, this article aims to clarify the relationship between socio-economic factors and the results of primary healthcare (PHC) commissioning indicators through an analysis of four years of data from all PHC units in Portugal. The factor that presents a statistically significant relationship with a greater number of indicators is the organizational model. Since the reform of PHC services in 2005, a new type of unit was introduced: the family health unit (USF). At the time of the study, these units covered 58.1% of the population and achieved better indicator results. In most cases, the evolution of the results achieved by commissioning seems to be similar in different analyzed contexts. Nevertheless, the percentage of patients of a non-Portuguese nationality and the population density were analyzed, and a widening of discrepancies was observed in 23.3% of the cases. The commissioning indicators were statistically related to the studied context factors, and some of these, such as the nurse home visits indicator, are more sensitive to context than others. There is no evidence that the best results were achieved at the expense of worse healthcare being offered to vulnerable populations, and there was no association with a reduction in inequalities in healthcare. It would be valuable if the Portuguese Government could stimulate the increase in the number of working USFs, especially in low-density areas, considering that they can achieve better results with lower costs for medicines and diagnostic tests.
Constructive Set Theory from a Weak Tarski Universe

The aim of this thesis is to give a concise introduction to homotopy type theory, to Aczel's constructive set theory and to simplicial sets and their homotopy theory in particular referring to their standard model structure, showing some of their interactions. The original part of this thesis consists in the final chapter where we introduce in the type theoretic context a definition of weak Tarski universe motivated by categorical models like the one given by simplicial sets. The weakening of this notion, although present in some imprecise form in mathematical folklore was not published before, at the best of our knowledge. Moreover, we show using the axiom of function extensionality that the type theoretic interpretation of constructive set theory generalises to homotopy type theory with a weak Tarski universe.
X-RAY SPECTRAL CURVATURE OF HIGH-FREQUENCY-PEAKED BL LAC OBJECTS: A PREDICTOR FOR THE TeV FLUX

Most of the extragalactic sources detected at TeV energies are BL Lac objects. They belong to the subclass of high-frequency-peaked BL Lac objects (HBLs) exhibiting spectral energy distributions with a lower energy peak in the X-ray band; this is widely interpreted as synchrotron emission from relativistic electrons. The X-ray spectra are generally curved and well described in terms of a log-parabolic shape. In a previous investigation of TeV HBLs (TBLs) we found two correlations between their spectral parameters. (1) The synchrotron peak luminosity Lp increases with its peak energy Ep and (2) the curvature parameter b decreases as Ep increases. The first is consistent with the synchrotron scenario, while the second is expected from statistical/stochastic acceleration mechanisms for the emitting electrons. Here, we present an extensive X-ray analysis of a sample of HBLs observed with XMM-Newton and Swift but undetected at TeV energies (UBLs), to compare their spectral behavior with that of TBLs. Investigating the distributions of their spectral parameters and comparing the TBL X-ray spectra with that of UBLs, we develop a criterion to select the best HBL candidates for future TeV observations.
Stacking faults as quantum wells in nanowires: Density of states, oscillator strength and radiative efficiency

We investigate the nature of excitons bound to I1 basal-plane stacking faults [(I1,X)] in GaN nanowire ensembles by continuous-wave and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. Based on the linear increase of the radiative lifetime of these excitons with temperature, they are demonstrated to exhibit a two-dimensional density of states, i.e., a basal-plane stacking fault acts as a quantum well. From the slope of the linear increase, we determine the oscillator strength of the (I1,X) and show that the value obtained reflects the presence of large internal electrostatic fields across the stacking fault. While the recombination of donor-bound and free excitons in the GaN nanowire ensemble is dominated by nonradiative phenonema already at 10 K, we observe that the (I1,X) recombines purely radiatively up to 60 K. This finding provides important insight into the nonradiative recombination processes in GaN nanowires. First, the radiative lifetime of about 6 ns measured at 60 K sets an upper limit for the surface recombination velocity of 210 cm s −1 considering the nanowires mean diameter of 50 nm. Second, the density of nonradiative centers responsible for the fast decay of donor-bound and free excitons cannot be higher than 6 × 10 16 cm −3 . As a consequence, the nonradiative decay of donor-bound excitons in these GaN nanowire ensembles has to occur indirectly via the free exciton state.
A parametric study on the subharmonic isolas in a bistable dielectric elastomer actuator

Resonant actuation of dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) greatly improves their output power densities and energy efficiencies. However, their outstanding performance usually accompanies complex dynamics which hinder the robust applications of DEAs. Isolated frequency responses, or isolas, are branches of resonant curves that are isolated from the main frequency response curve, hence can be easily overlooked during the dynamic analyses of DEAs. Once triggered, however, isolas can lead to dramatic changes in frequency responses, which pose great threats to system stability. As a critical step towards controlling the isolas within DEAs, this work adopts a bistable cone DEA (BCDEA) configuration and conducts dedicated numerical and experimental parametric studies on its isolas to uncover the physical mechanisms that create them. The effects of potential barriers, equilibrium positions and excitation level on the evolutions of isolas are studied with the aim of finding the critical parameters that determine their evolutions. The outcomes of this paper help to gain more insights into the complex isola phenomena in BCDEAs, which may offer guidelines for eliminating undesired isolas within BCDEAs or for exploiting isolas for applications in, e.g. energy harvesting, soft robotic locomotion and vibro-tactile feedbacks.
Low genetic diversity, local‐scale structure, and distinct genetic integrity of Korean chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) at the species range margin suggest a priority for conservation efforts

Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) is an ecologically and economically important species widely distributed across the North Pacific Ocean. However, the population size of this fishery resource has declined globally. Identifying genetic integrity, diversity and structure, and phylogenetic relationships of wild populations of O. keta over an entire species' range is central for developing its effective conservation and management plans. Nevertheless, chum salmon from the Korean Peninsula, which are comprised of its southwestern range margins, have been overlooked. By using mtDNA control region and 10 microsatellite loci, we here assessed the genetic diversity and structure for 16 populations, including 10 wild and six hatchery populations, encompassing the species entire geographic range in South Korea. The analyses showed that genetic diversity is significantly higher for wild than for hatchery populations. Both marker sets revealed significant genetic differentiation between some local populations. Comparisons of six wild and their respective hatchery populations indicated that allele/haplotype frequencies considerably differ, perhaps due to a strong founder effect and/or homogenizing of hatchery populations for stocking practice. Despite its single admixed gene pool for the Korean chum salmon, some local populations housing their own unique lineages should be accorded with a high priority to safeguard their genetic integrities. The results of our comparative analyses of the Korean population with other North Pacific chum salmons (inhabiting regions of Japan, Russia, and North America) revealed a lower diversity but higher contribution to the overall species‐level genetic diversity, and also its unique genetic integrity. These findings advocate for the evolutionary significance of the Korean population for species‐level conservation.
Why We should Recommend Exercise in Pregnancy?

Objective : This narrative review is presenting the impact of exercise on pregnant women and fetus and provides current recommendations for exercise in pregnancy. Mechanism : Exercise during pregnancy has a numerous effects on both pregnant woman and her fetus. When recommending exercise during pregnancy, it is necessary to keep in mind the physiological responses of the body’s systems during exercise, changes occuring in pregnancy and the influence of this changes on pregnant woman’s body as well as on the fetus and fetal responses to exercise during pregnancy. The type, intensity, duration, and frequency of exercise should be adjusted to the level of physical activity of pregnant women and period of pregnancy in order to achieve clinically significant health benefits. Findings in Brief : Exercise in pregnancy is beneficial for both the mother and her fetus and contributes to the prevention of pregnancy-related disorders. It is recommend to exercise 30 minutes daily five days a week with a tendency to increase the exercise each day in order to accumulate 150 to 300 minutes of exercise per week with moderate intensity. Conclusions : Regular exercise leads to specific adaptation processes of the body systems improving the physical and mental health of pregnant women with positive effect on her fetus.
Twistor relative locality

We present a version of relative locality based on the geometry of twistor space. This can also be thought of as a new kind of deformation of twistor theory based on the construction of a bundle of twistor spaces over momentum space. Locality in space-time is emergent and is deformed in a precise way when a connection on that bundle is non-flat. This gives a precise and controlled meaning to Penrose’s hypothesis that quantum gravity effects will deformtwistorspace in such a way as to maintain causality and relativistic invariance while weakening the notion that interactions take place at points in spacetime.
Deep learning radiomics of ultrasonography for differentiating sclerosing adenosis from breast cancer.

OBJECTIVES The purpose of our study is to present a method combining radiomics with deep learning and clinical data for improved differential diagnosis of sclerosing adenosis (SA)and breast cancer (BC). METHODS A total of 97 patients with SA and 100 patients with BC were included in this study. The best model for classification was selected from among four different convolutional neural network (CNN) models, including Vgg16, Resnet18, Resnet50, and Desenet121. The intra-/inter-class correlation coefficient and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method were used for radiomics feature selection. The clinical features selected were patient age and nodule size. The overall accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, Youden index, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and area under curve (AUC) value were calculated for comparison of diagnostic efficacy. RESULTS All the CNN models combined with radiomics and clinical data were significantly superior to CNN models only. The Desenet121+radiomics+clinical data model showed the best classification performance with an accuracy of 86.80%, sensitivity of 87.60%, specificity of 86.20% and AUC of 0.915, which was better than that of the CNN model only, which had an accuracy of 85.23%, sensitivity of 85.48%, specificity of 85.02%, and AUC of 0.870. In comparison, the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and AUC value for breast radiologists were 72.08%, 100%, 43.30%, and 0.716, respectively. CONCLUSIONS A combination of the CNN-radiomics model and clinical data could be a helpful auxiliary diagnostic tool for distinguishing between SA and BC.
Computational pulmonary edema: A microvascular model of alveolar capillary and interstitial flow

We present a microvascular model of fluid transport in the alveolar septa related to pulmonary edema. It consists of a two-dimensional capillary sheet coursing by several alveoli. The alveolar epithelial membrane runs parallel to the capillary endothelial membrane with an interstitial layer in between, making one long septal tract. A coupled system of equations is derived using lubrication theory for the capillary blood, Darcy flow for the porous media of the interstitium, a passive alveolus, and the Starling equation at both membranes. Case examples include normal physiology, cardiogenic pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic edema Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and hypoalbuminemia, and the effects of positive end expiratory pressure. COVID-19 has dramatically increased ARDS in the world population, raising the urgency for such a model to create an analytical framework. Under normal conditions, the fluid exits the alveolus, crosses the interstitium, and enters the capillary. For edema, this crossflow is reversed with the fluid leaving the capillary and entering the alveolus. Because both the interstitial and capillary pressures decrease downstream, the reversal can occur within a single septal tract, with edema upstream and clearance downstream. Overall, the interstitial pressures are found to be significantly more positive than values used in the traditional physiological literature that creates steep gradients near the upstream and downstream end outlets, driving significant flows toward the distant lymphatics. This new physiological flow may provide a possible explanation to the puzzle, noted since 1896, of how pulmonary lymphatics can function so far from the alveoli: the interstitium can be self-clearing. At the request of the authors, this article is being retracted effective 7 June 2023.
Daya Bay Neutrino Experiment: Goal, Progress and Schedule

Daya Bay Neutrino Experiment is dedicated to measuring the last unobserved neutrino mixing angle theta_13. The predicted precision on sin^2(2theta_13) is 0.01 at 90% confidence level. This document briefly reviews the measurement method and detector construction status. The first two anti-neutrino detectors' dry run result is also discussed. The Daya Bay near hall data taking is expected to commence in the summer of 2011 and the data taking of all of the three halls in the summer of 2012.
INTRUTION DETECTION SYSTEM USING 6G WITH INTERNET OF THING AND AUMANN AGREEMENT THEOREM

The expansion of IoT devices has provoked the curiosity of a few foes searching for an alternate means to acquire unapproved admittance to frameworks or for other unlawful reasons. Therefore, it is fundamental to safeguard these gadgets. Vehicular ad hoc network (VANETs) has acquired wide notoriety with the end goal that consolidating trust among every hub in the network is important. Nonetheless, trust the executives among vehicles is a difficult undertaking as vindictive hubs are inclined to upset information transmission among various vehicles. The point of this work is to lay out the reality of agreement, to recognize the malignant hubs with no further postponement, by taking into account the choice of every vehicle on finding the trust values. The IDS acts as an second layer of protection against the intruders and not letting any attack to the network. This paper presents a Consistent Interference Acknowledgment Structure that has been set up for the IoT centre to foresee assault. In our paper we have trained and tested the model from the dataset, this has been attempted with consistent association traffic. Thus, in our proposed work we have evaluated the precision , recall and F1score to analyse the data used from dataset and enhance the performance .