Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Race and the Value of Owner-occupied Housing, 1940 -1990

This paper begins by documenting racial convergence in the value of owner-occupied housing from 1940 to 1990. Most of this convergence occurred before 1970, as black and white home owners became more similar in terms of household and housing characteristics that were positively correlated with housing values. The post-1970 story is rather less encouraging. During the 1970s, convergence in housing values stalled, and in fact, the " unexplained " portion of the value gap increased. We explore the post-1970 experience from a variety of perspectives. We examine the changing connection between residential segregation and the racial value gap; we document trends in the correlation between income and central-city residence; and we explore the correlation between riots in the 1960s and the racial gap in housing values thereafter. assistance in locating the reports of the Lemberg Center for the Study of Violence; and to Daniel Myers for assistance in locating Seymour Spillerman's data on the 1960s riots. 1 According to one recent study, the black/white ratio of mean household wealth in 1995 was 0.18, compared with a black/white ratio of mean household income of 0.64 (Wolff 1998). See Higgs (1982) and Margo (1984) for historical perspective. 2 By " debt/equity ratio " we mean the ratio of mortgage debt to housing equity. 3 Racial differences in home ownership might also affect differences in well being if home ownership promotes various positive externalities (such as more stable neighborhoods, or better citizenship); see Green and White (1997), and DiPasquale and Glaeser (1999). 4 By " neighborhood quality " we are referring to attributes/behavior of one's neighbors and the characteristics of their housing; local public goods; access to transportation and retail services; and so on. The IPUMS data set that we analyze in this paper includes information on the characteristics of households, and their housing (for some years) but does not include direct information on neighborhood quality.
Printing Spare Parts at Remote Locations

W e investigate the beneﬁts of on-site printing at remote geographic locations, where access to spare parts is intermittent and supplies are replenished at ﬁxed intervals. Organizations typically have no solution to spare parts short-ages other than expensive expediting orders, or waiting for a part to arrive with the next replenishment. We investigate whether on-site three-dimensional (3D) printing of spare parts can bring relief. Our work extends dual-sourcing literature with ﬁxed order cycles by considering two emergency supply options: expediting regular parts and 3D printing lower quality parts. We model the replenishment and emergency supply decisions as a Markov decision process and ﬁnd that the optimal inventory control policy consists of two thresholds that control when to expedite, when to print and when to wait for regular parts via the next replenishment. We apply our model to a case study of the Royal Netherlands Army (RNLA) for her United Nations peacekeeping mission in Mali. Our results show that on-site 3D printing, much more so than expediting, leads to large operational cost savings through on-site inventory reductions and increased asset availability, thus increasing the ability of the RNLA to operate in remote locations. These results extend to many other organizations that operate in remote locations, for example, those in the mining and offshore industry.
Vertical Distribution and Radiological Risk Assessment of Natural Radionuclides in the Alluvial Soil Pro�le of South-west Punjab, India

Natural radionuclide levels are studied along the soil pro�le of alluvial sediments. Eighteen soil pro�les have been selected from agricultural soil and undisturbed (uncultivated) areas and gamma-ray spectrophotometer has been used for the analysis. Vertical distribution of radionuclide was evaluated up to the depth of 900cm and levels were found to signi�cantly vary with depth. Higher radionuclide levels are observed in the agricultural sites than the undisturbed land area till the depth interval of 600cm and values are comparable at both the sites after this depth, indicating the role of anthropogenic activities on radionuclide enrichment in agricultural areas. However, the value is higher than the global average at all sites, indicating the geogenic presence of radionuclides. Elemental ratio and multi-statistical analysis are utilized to assess the behaviour of radionuclides involved. Radiological hazard risk assesment is carried out and levels exceed the permissible limit which is a matter of concern for public health.
Unemployment Dynamics and Duration Dependence

A major issue in the analysis of unemployment durations concerns distinguishing genuine duration dependence of the exit rate out of unemployment from unobserved heterogeneity. We present a method for the nonparametric estimation of both phenomena, designed to be applicable to time-series data on aggregate outflows from different duration classes. The model explicitly takes into account that individual exit rates are affected by the business cycle and by seasonal effects. The method is applied to U.S. data. We find diverging duration effects among black and white individuals. However, except for white males, duration dependence is dominated by unobserved heterogeneity.
A MODEL FOR THE BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM ACCEPTANCE IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN BANKING SECTOR

Due to the rapid growth of new technologies, there is a substantial growth in the Business Intelligence (BI) market caused by the competitive forces making the organizations to adopt their offerings to the needs of the customer. Consequently, the adoption of Business Intelligence system has led to important technological and organizational innovations in modern organizations by promoting knowledge diffusion, and cornerstone of business decision making processes. There are few articles in this research area and this article is intended to fill this gap. Thus, the focus of this research is the development of a model for the BI system acceptance within the banking sector. using the Cronbach Alpha and they were found to be good. BI Systems Acceptance has the highest Cronbach Alpha. The reliability of the constructs was measured value of 0.865. Moreover, the convergent validity of the constructs is satisfied and also the discriminant validity is confirmed for all the constructs. The following variables determine the behavioral intention towards BI system: performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions and hedonic motivation with effort expectancy being the variable with the highest contribution (β = 0.256). Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the variables contributing to the behavioral intention towards BI systems. Discriminant and construct validity were confirmed for all the variables and the data is free from multicollinearity (1.000 < VIF < 2.859) where VIF is the variance inflation factor. The behavioral intension towards BI was found to influence positively the BI systems acceptance.
Palaeomagnetic results from the Palaeozoic basement of the southern Drummond Basin, central Queensland, Australia

SUMMARY Palaeomagnetic results from the Theresa Creek Volcanics and the Middle Devonian (∼380 Ma) Retreat Batholith, located in the southern Drummond Basin, central Queensland, Australia, reveal up to three components of magnetization. Component 1 is characteristically of reversed polarity with a mean palaeopole at 64.0 ◦ S, 79.7 ◦ E( N = 7, A95 = 11.5 ◦ ), possibly reflecting a remagnetization event associated with the Middle Carboniferous Alice Springs Orogeny, is found in both units. A shallow to very shallow roughly north‐south direction, Component 2, was isolated in seven sites, predominantly within the Retreat Batholith, D = 345.8 ◦ , I =− 6.7 ◦ (α 95 = 10.1 ◦ , k = 36.8). The corresponding palaeomagnetic pole lies at 66.0 ◦ S, 290.7 ◦ E( A95 = 9.1 ◦ ). This pole is consistent with the Middle Devonian segment of Australia’s apparent polar wander path (APWP) and is thought to reflect a primary magnetization related to the emplacement and cooling of the batholith. Component 3 is found exclusively within the Theresa Creek Volcanics and is characterized by east‐west directions with moderate to steep inclinations, D = 62.4 ◦ , I = 59.5 ◦ (α 95 = 10.5 ◦ , k = 25.0). A consistent set of site level virtual geomagnetic pole (VGPs) yield a palaeopole at 4.1 ◦ N, 188.9 ◦ E( N = 9, A95 = 14.0 ◦ ). The presumed Middle Devonian age for the volcanics is at odds with this direction, with respect to the Australian Early to Middle Palaeozoic APWP, suggesting the characteristic direction found in the volcanics reflects an Ordovician or possibly Early Silurian magnetization age. A pre-Middle Devonian magnetization age for the Theresa Creek Volcanics is supported by a positive contact test between the volcanics and the hornfelsing Retreat Batholith as both units are characterized by stable magnetizations whose palaeopoles are dissimilar from each other and younger segments of Australia’s APWP.
COSEISMIC SURFACE RUPTURES OF MULTI SEGMENTS AND SEISMOGENIC FAULT OF THE TASHKORGAN EARTHQUAKE IN PAMIR,1895

Based on the interpretation of satellite images,combined with field geomorphic and tectonic investigations and surveys,we get the parameters of surface rupture zones of the 1895 Tashkorgan earthquake,such as the geometry,the types of rupture,the displacements and their distribution and so on.And on these grounds,we estimate the possible magnitude,the epicenter and seismogenic fault of this earthquake.The south segment of Muztag Fault and the whole Taheman Fault were ruptured by the Tashkorgan earthquake.The length of the surface rupture zone is 27km.The rupture zone strikes NNE,and it changes from N25°W in the north to N25°E in the south segment.The surface rupture zone is composed of consequent or obsequent normal fault scarps,represented by horst,graben,and step-like structure on the profile,and distributed in patterns as en echelon,parallel,convergent and parallel cross shaped and so on in the plane.The surface ruptures are dominated by pure dip-slip,with little lateral displacement.The general width of these overlapping surficial fault rupture strands is ca.30～60m,and the largest may come to 825m.The largest co-seismic displacement of a single scarp is 4.2±0.2m. The surface ruptures are composed of three independent secondary segments.The seismogenic fault of this earthquake is Taheman Fault.The south segment of Muztag Fault was also ruptured.Moreover,we find a younger fault scarp which may be induced by the 1895 earthquake in the small basin between the two above-mentioned faults.
SOFT VOTING MACHINE LEARNING CLASSIFICATION MODEL TO PREDICT AND EXPOSE LIVER DISORDER FOR HUMAN PATIENTS

The liver is the most significant organ in the human body since it handles a significant role in food digestion and progression in our body. Mainly it takes an essential part in enzyme activation, fat metabolism, bile synthesis, vitamin, glycogen, and mineral storage. Depending on the role it controls, it has a sophisticated accidental of coming in contact with harmful creation that goes inside the body. Hence, the diagnosis of liver disorder has been subjective at best, based on subjective approaches. Liver disorders are challenging to detect, and as a result, they are regularly overlooked in the early stages due to a lack of precise symptoms. Hyperbilirubinemia is one of the most substantial signs of most liver illnesses, and it can be demanding to differentiate early on. However, in most of cases, this isn't certain, and the ability to detect and confirm the presence of liver disease lead to a better understanding of enzyme levels. The prediction of liver illnesses has been done using a variety of machine learning techniques. In this investigation, the recommended ensemble soft voting classifier offers binary classification and utilize the ensemble of three machine learning algorithms: Decision Tree, Support Vector Machine, and Naive bayes classifiers to predict and expose liver disease by Binary Classification of the dataset into two particular types of patients with or without liver disease (patient suffering liver sickness or not). The unbalanced dataset comprises materials about human patient attributes such as Gender, Age, Alanine, Total Bilirubin, Aminotransferase, Aspartate Aminotransferase, Direct Bilirubin, Albumin, Alkaline Phosphatase, Globulin Ratio and the Result and Total Proteins Albumin. Furthermore, the accuracy and various error calculations of the predictions from the aforementioned algorithms are analyzed to recognize and identify the best-convenient algorithm.
Snowmelt energy flux recovery during rain-on-snow in regenerating forests

ii Preface iii Table of contents iv List of tables viii List of figures x List of symbols and abbreviations xv Acknowledgements xix Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Chapter 2: Background 8 2.1 Interception 8 2.1. 1 Rain 8 2.1. 2. Snow and ROS 10 2.1. 3. Measuring snow interception 13 2.1. 4 Snow interception models 15 2.2 Snowmelt models 16 2.2.1 Empirical snowmelt models 16 2.2.2 Energy balance models 17 2.3 Stand level hydrological recovery models 19 2.4 Chronological pairing vs. frequency pairing 20 2.5 Needs and opportunities 22
Immunisation of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are autoimmune diseases characterised by B cell hyperactivity and production of autoantibodies of many different specificities. A number of defects in immunoregulation have been identified and suggested as possible underlying mechanisms for excessive autoantibody production. Study of the immune response to challenge with exogenous antigen, in the form of immunisation, may add to our understanding of immunological processes in these diseases. There are many clinical considerations pertinent to the question of immunisation of patients with RA and SLE. For example, lupus patients, and less frequently those with RA, may have lung disease and therefore be at particular risk during influenza epidemics. Immunosuppressive therapy, commonly prescribed in both conditions, could also impair the immune response to foreign antigens, thus emphasising the need for immunisation or rendering it ineffective. In addition, the diseases themselves may predispose to infection. ' 2 It is also our clinical impression that flares of disease may follow intercurrent infection, and we are not alone in this view.3 Again, influenza is a major contender for such intercurrent infection, so particular emphasis will be laid on influenza immunisation in this article. Clearly the most important questions regarding immunisation in patients with autoimmune disease are (a) is it safe? (b) is it effective?
An empirical study on the factors influencing online shopping behavior

Online shopping is getting popular day by day since consumers can shop whenever, wherever and whatever they like. The present study aims at determining the factors influencing online shopping behavior. It also tries to examine the mediating effect of technological knowledge on the relationship between the determining factors and online shopping behavior. Data have been collected from 390 respondents who have online shopping experiences. The data of this study have been collected from the respondents with a structured questionnaire survey with a five-point likert scale. Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS SEM) technique with the support of smart PLS 2.0M3 software has been used for analyzing the collected data. The data analysis findings reveal that convenience attitude is the most significant followed by trust, subjective norm, technological knowledge and perceived usefulness in influencing online shopping behavior. On the other hand, technological knowledge partially mediates the relationship between attitude and online shopping behavior; and relationship between perceived usefulness and online shopping behavior. The findings of this study might be helpful for the firms doing online business or intending to ship their business from brick and mortar to click and mortar.
Implementation Science Difficulties Implementing a Mental Health Guideline: an Exploratory Investigation Using Psychological Theory

Background: Evaluations of interventions to improve implementation of guidelines have failed to produce a clear pattern of results favouring a particular method. While implementation depends on clinicians and managers changing a variety of behaviours, psychological theories of behaviour and behaviour change are seldom used to try to understand difficulties in implementation or to develop interventions to overcome them.
Firm-specific Capital, Nominal Rigidities and the Business Cycle *

Macroeconomic and microeconomic data paint conflicting pictures of price behavior. Macroeconomic data suggest that inflation is inertial. Microeconomic data indicate that firms change prices frequently. We present a model which resolves this apparent micro-macro conflict. Our model is consistent with post war U.S. evidence on inflation inertia even though firms re-optimize prices on average once every 1.6 quarters. These results obtain in a version of our model which accounts for the dynamic response of 10 key US macro time series to monetary policy shocks, neutral technology shocks and capital embodied shocks. The key feature of our model is that capital is firm-specific and predetermined within the period. If we adopt the standard assumption that capital is homogeneous and traded in economy-wide rental markets, we find that firms re-optimize their prices on average once every 6 quarters. The micro implications of the two models strongly favor the firm-specific capital model. * We are grateful for the comments of David Andolfatto and Andy Levin. In addition we have benefitted from the reactions of
and Coil Embolization Aneurysms with a New Self-Expanding Stent Treatment of Intracranial Broad-Neck

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Endovascular treatment of broad-neck intracranial aneurysms with detachable coils requires special techniques. Placement of a stent over the aneurysm neck and secondary coil embolization prevents coil migration and allows attenuated packing of the coils. However, access for the stent-delivery system can be technically limited in tortuous anatomy. We present six cases of broad-neck aneurysms treated with a new self-expanding stent and coil embolization. METHODS: Three aneurysms of the supraophthalmic internal carotid artery and three aneurysms of the basilar tip with extension to the origin of a posterior cerebral artery were treated. The stent was a new self-expanding stent with a 3F over-the-wire microcatheter delivery system. Coil embolization was performed with electrolytically detachable coils. Time-of-flight MR angiography was performed after treatment in five cases. Three other patients could not be treated with the stent because deployment was not possible after correct positioning of the delivery system. RESULTS: Access with the stent-delivery system was easy, and the aneurysm neck was covered sufficiently. After stent placement, total coil embolization was achieved in four and subtotal coil embolization was achieved in two. Parent arteries remained open, and no secondary coil migration was seen. On follow-up MR imaging, the stent was clearly visible and patency of the parent vessel and emerging branches was assessable. CONCLUSION: This new stent is a safe and efficient tool for the endovascular treatment of intracranial broad-neck aneurysms. Access to smaller vessels was easy, but the mechanism of deployment had to be improved. Follow-up MR imaging was sufficient. Endovascular
ResearchOnline@ND ResearchOnline@ND

Background: Unconscious bias and negative attitudes towards minority groups have detrimental effects on the way health care is, or is not, provided to these groups. Recognition of racist attitudes and behaviours as well as understanding clients ’ experiences of health and health care are pivotal to developing better health care strategies to positively impact on the quality and safety of care provided to Indigenous people. Indigenous research demands inclusive research processes and the use of culturally appropriate methodologies. This paper presents a methodological account of collecting narratives which accurately and respectfully reflect Aboriginal Australians ’ experiences with health care in Western Australia. The purpose of these narratives is to provide health students and professionals with an opportunity to ‘ walk-in the shoes ’ of Aboriginal people where face-to-face interaction is not feasible. Methods: With the incorporation of Indigenous peoples ’ voices being an important link in cultural safety, the project was led by an Indigenous Reference group, who encouraged active participation of Aboriginal people in all areas of the project. Using a phenomenological approach and guided by the Indigenous Reference group, yarning data collection was implemented to collect stories focusing on Aboriginal people ’ s experiences with health care services. An open-access, on-line website was established to host education resources developed from these “ yarns ” . Results: Yarning provided a rich source of information on personal experiences and encouraged the story provider to recognise their facilitative role in the research process. While the methodology used in this project was lengthy and labour-intensive it afforded a respectful manner for story collection and highlighted several innate flaws when Western methods are applied to an Indigenous context. Conclusion: Engagement of an Indigenous Reference Group was pivotal to designing an appropriate methodology that incorporated the voices of Aboriginal people in a multimedia resource of Aboriginal narratives. However further research is warranted to understand how the resources are being used and integrated into curricula, and their impact on students and health care outcomes.
A �exible compartment model for simulation speci�c to COVID-19

The dynamic relation among ‘Susceptible’, ‘Infected’, ‘Removed (Recovered)’, ‘Death’ and others for COVID-19 disease is a kind of multibody problem. It has been simulated mainly by compartment models, of which the representative is the SIR model. For the SIR model, ‘Infected’ infects ‘Susceptible’ through the recovery period, and ‘Infected’ is removed as ‘Removed’ not only from the disease but also from the community after the recovery period is ended. For COVID-19, however, the infected individuals should be isolated from the community when they become symptomatic after the latent period is ended. Thus, the infected individuals do not infect susceptible individuals in the community after the latent period, even during the recovery period. Additionally, the infection has occurred in the community even during the latent period before the infected individuals are isolated due to being symptomatic. These two facts for COVID-19 suggest that the simulation by the SIR model would be less accurate in calculating the number of infected individuals and that the results might mislead political and medical interventions. For the model proposed here, the infected individuals are isolated from the community when they become symptomatic after the latent period is ended, but the recovered individuals who have medically recovered and have immunity return to the community, and the infection occurs even during the latent period. The model shows remarkably different results from those simulated by the SIR model. The model also provides the processes evaluating the political and social countermeasures against COVID-19.