Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lung Cancer with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Exon 20 Mutations Is Associated with Poor Gefitinib Treatment Response

Purpose: Clinical reports about responsiveness to gefitinib treatment in patients of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with mutations in exon 20 of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are limited. To increase understanding of the influence of exon 20 mutations on NSCLC treatment with gefitinib, we investigated the clinical features of lung cancer in patients with exon 20 mutations and analyzed the gefitinib treatment response. Experimental Design: We surveyed the clinical data and mutational studies of NSCLC patients with EGFR exon 20 mutations in the National Taiwan University Hospital and reviewed the literature reports about EGFR exon 20 mutations and the gefitinib treatment response. Results: Twenty-three patients with mutations in exon 20 were identified. Nine (39%) had coexisting mutations in EGFR exons other than exon 20. Sixteen patients received gefitinib treatment, and a response was noted in 4 patients. The gefitinib response rate of NSCLC with exon 20 mutations was 25%, far lower than those with deletions in exon 19 and L858R mutations. Interestingly, different exon 20 mutations and coexisting mutations seemed to have a different influence on gefitinib response. Conclusions: EGFR exon 20 mutations of NSCLC patients result in poorer responsiveness to gefitinib treatment, but variability exists between different individuals.
RNASeq Analysis

3 Statistical issues 3 3.1 Experimental design . 3 3.2 Batch effects . 4 3.3 Summarizing . 5 3.4 Normalization . 6 3.5 Error model . 6 3.6 Multiple comparison . 7
Assessing British Columbia's Incentive-Based Tax Cuts

Non-Technical Summary . 3
Robots, computer algebra and eight connected components

Answering connectivity queries in semi-algebraic sets is a longstanding and challenging computational issue with applications in robotics, in particular for the analysis of kinematic singularities. One task there is to compute the number of connected components of the complementary of the singularities of the kinematic map. Another task is to design a continuous path joining two given points lying in the same connected component of such a set. In this paper, we push forward the current capabilities of computer algebra to obtain computer-aided proofs of the analysis of the kinematic singularities of various robots used in industry. We first show how to combine mathematical reasoning with easy symbolic computations to study the kinematic singularities of an infinite family (depending on paramaters) modelled by the UR-series produced by the company "Universal Robots". Next, we compute roadmaps (which are curves used to answer connectivity queries) for this family of robots. We design an algorithm for "solving" positive dimensional polynomial system depending on parameters. The meaning of solving here means partitioning the parameter's space into semi-algebraic components over which the number of connected components of the semi-algebraic set defined by the input system is invariant. Practical experiments confirm our computer-aided proof and show that such an algorithm can already be used to analyze the kinematic singularities of the UR-series family. The number of connected components of the complementary of the kinematic singularities of generic robots in this family is 8.
Life events, depression and supportive relationships affect academic achievement in university students

Abstract Background Students often simultaneously deal with shifting support networks, stressful life changes and psychological distress which may affect academic achievement. Methods: 285 students completed the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) to assess depression and the Computerized Life Events Assessment Record (CLEAR), to establish life events and supportive relationships. Module grades were used to measure academic achievement. A general linear model was used with student grade as the dependent variable and life events, depression and supportive relationships as independent variables. Confounding variables included age and sex. Results: A three-way interaction between life events, depression and lack of supportive relationships was found. It indicated the performance of depressed students depended on whether they had supportive relationships and that this interaction also depended on whether they had experienced a life event in the past year. Conclusions: Universities need to provide more support to students with life stress as they transition into university life.
Age and Dietary Vitamin C Intake Affect Brain Physiology in Genetically Modified Mice Expressing Human Lipoprotein(A) and Unable to Synthesize Vitamin C.

AIMS Lipoprotein (a) deposition in coronary vascular plaques and cerebral vessels is a recognized risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and research supports its role as a "repair factor" in vascular walls weakened by vitamin C deficiency. BACKGROUND Humans depend on dietary vitamin C as an important antioxidant, and as a cofactor in collagen synthesis, yet are prone to vitamin C deficiency. The brain is the one with the highest vitamin C content, due to its high oxygen consumption and oxidative stress. It has been shown that brain aging is accompanied by accumulated oxidative damage, which can lead to memory decline and neurological diseases. OBJECTIVE Our transgenic mouse, Gulo (-/-); Lp(a)+, presents a unique model for the study of key aspects of human metabolism with respect to a lack of internal vitamin C synthesis and the production of human Lipoprotein(a). METHOD This mouse model was used in our study to investigate the effects of prolonged intake of low and high levels of vitamin C, at different ages, on oxidative damage, cholesterol levels and Lipoprotein(a) deposition in the brain. RESULT The results show that a long-term high vitamin C intake is important in maintaining brain cholesterol homeostasis and preventing oxidative damage in Gulo(-/-);Lp(a)+ mice as they age. Moreover, we observed that the formation of brain Lipoprotein(a) deposits was negatively correlated with brain level of vitamin C, thereby confirming its role as a stability factor for an impaired extracellular matrix. CONCLUSION Our study emphasizes the critical role of vitamin C in protecting brain health as we age. Other: Our findings show that optimal vitamin C intake from early life to old age is important in brain health to prevent oxidative stress damage and to maintain cholesterol homeostasis in the brain. More importantly, negative correlation between brain ascorbic levels and the formation of Lp(a) deposit on the choroid plexus further emphasizes the critical role of vitamin C in protecting brain health throughout the normal aging process.
Asymptotic Geometry, Bounded Generation and Subgroups of Mapping Class Groups

In this paper we will discuss a geometric proof of the non-bounded generation of subgroups of the mapping class group with exponential growth. We also provide a proof that any list of irredundant nonelliptic mapping classes with large enough powers generate a rightangled Artin group which is isometrically embedded in the mapping class group. Let S = Sg,p be a surface of finite type with complexity ξ(S) = 3g + p − 3 > 1. The mapping class group MCG(S) consists of isotopy classes of orientation preserving homeomorphisms of S. A group G is said to be boundedly generated if there is a tuple (gi ∈ G)1 such that for any g ∈ G, there exist (ni) ∈ Z such that g = g n1 1 g n2 2 ⋯g nk k (in the given order). In other words, G = ⟨g1⟩⟨g2⟩⋯⟨gk⟩ where products of groups Γ1Γ2⋯Γk = {γ1γ2⋯γk∣γi ∈ γi}. We say G is bounded generated by subgroups Γ1, . ,Γk if G = Γ1⋯Γk. It is easy to see that if a group G is boundedly generated, it is finitely generated, and that all abelian groups of finite rank are boundedly generated. Farb, Lubotzky and Minsky provedMCG(S) is not boundedly generated through pro-p completion of some finite-index subgroup [FLM01]. In this paper we will give a geometric approach to this problem and show that all subgroups of exponential growth of MCG(S) are not boundedly generated with a growth argument. Theorem 4.1. If G <MCG(S) has exponential growth, G is not boundedly generated. By the Tits alternative for subgroups of mapping class groups, a subgroup of mapping class groups either is virtually abelian or has exponential growth [Iva84], [McC85]. Combine this and Theorem 4.1, we deduce:
Consistency errors in p-values reported in Spanish psychology journals

Resumen Background: Recent reviews have drawn attention to frequent consistency errors when reporting statistical results. Method: We have reviewed the statistical results reported in 186 articles published in four Spanish psychology journals. Of these articles, 102 contained at least one of the statistics selected for our study: Fisher-F, Student-t and Pearson-χ. Results: Out of the 1,212 complete statistics reviewed, 12.2% presented a consistency error, meaning that the reported p-value did not correspond to the reported value of the statistic and its degrees of freedom. In 2.3% of the cases, the correct calculation would have led to a different conclusion than the reported one. In terms of articles, 48% included at least one consistency error, and 17.6% would have to change at least one conclusion. In metaanalytical terms, with a focus on effect size, consistency errors can be considered substantial in 9.5% of the cases. Conclusion: These results imply a need to improve the quality and precision with which statistical results are reported in Spanish psychology journals.
Modelling Local Patterns of Children Mortality. A Bayesian Spatio-Temporal Analysis.

Background: The number of death children at the international scale are still high, but with proper spatially-targeted health public policies this number could be reduced. In Mexico, children mortality is a particular health concern due to its alarming rate all throughout North America. The aims of this study are i) to model the change of children mortality risk at the municipality level, (ii) to identify municipalities with high, medium and low risk over time and (iii) to ascertain potential high-risk municipalities across time, using local trends of each municipality in Greater Mexico City. Methods: The study uses Bayesian spatio-temporal analysis to control for space-time patterns of data. This allow to model the geographical variation of the municipalities within the time span studied. Results: The analysis shows that most of the high-risk municipalities are in the north, west, and some in the east; some of such municipalities show an increasing children mortality risk over time. The outcomes highlight some municipalities which show a medium risk currently but are likely to become high risk along the study period. Finally, the odds of children mortality risk illustrate a decreasing tendency over the 7-year framework. Conclusions: Identification of high-risk municipalities may provide a useful input to policy-makers seeking out to reduce the incidence of children mortality, since it would provide evidence to support geographical targeting for policy interventions.
The generality of interest themes

Abstract The history of interest measurement has occurred principally within vocational psychology. Beginning with E.K. Strong Jr. and G.F. Kuder it is possible to abstract thematic qualities from interest measurement which endure in Holland's (1985) theory of vocational choice. The relations between educational and vocational interests are frequently assumed but rarely investigated. Research, however, does suggest that measured educational and vocational preferences contain similar interest themes. The relations between preferences and choices are complicated by the constraints on possibilities which actual choices entail. In spite of this the evidence indicates that there are longitudinal relations between vocational preferences and educational choices consistent with their shared thematic qualities. These findings suggest that interest themes are important for explaining educational choices in addition to vocational preferences.
Ultrasensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection in common fluids

Significance Many analytes in real-life samples, such as body fluids, soil contaminants, and explosives, are dispersed in liquid, solid, or air phases. However, it remains a challenge to create a platform to detect these analytes in all of these phases with high sensitivity and specificity. Here, we demonstrate a universal platform termed slippery liquid-infused porous surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SLIPSERS) that enables the enrichment and delivery of analytes originating from various phases into surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-sensitive sites and their subsequent detection down to the subfemtomolar level (<10−15 mol⋅L−1). Based on SLIPSERS, we have demonstrated detection of various chemicals, biological molecules, and environmental contaminants with high sensitivity and specificity. Our platform may lead to ultrasensitive molecular detection for applications related to analytical chemistry, diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and national security. Detecting target analytes with high specificity and sensitivity in any fluid is of fundamental importance to analytical science and technology. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has proven to be capable of detecting single molecules with high specificity, but achieving single-molecule sensitivity in any highly diluted solutions remains a challenge. Here we demonstrate a universal platform that allows for the enrichment and delivery of analytes into the SERS-sensitive sites in both aqueous and nonaqueous fluids, and its subsequent quantitative detection of Rhodamine 6G (R6G) down to ∼75 fM level (10−15 mol⋅L−1). Our platform, termed slippery liquid-infused porous surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SLIPSERS), is based on a slippery, omniphobic substrate that enables the complete concentration of analytes and SERS substrates (e.g., Au nanoparticles) within an evaporating liquid droplet. Combining our SLIPSERS platform with a SERS mapping technique, we have systematically quantified the probability, p(c), of detecting R6G molecules at concentrations c ranging from 750 fM (p > 90%) down to 75 aM (10−18 mol⋅L−1) levels (p ≤ 1.4%). The ability to detect analytes down to attomolar level is the lowest limit of detection for any SERS-based detection reported thus far. We have shown that analytes present in liquid, solid, or air phases can be extracted using a suitable liquid solvent and subsequently detected through SLIPSERS. Based on this platform, we have further demonstrated ultrasensitive detection of chemical and biological molecules as well as environmental contaminants within a broad range of common fluids for potential applications related to analytical chemistry, molecular diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and national security.
Boundary Crossing for General Exponential Families

We consider parametric exponential families of dimension K on the real line. We study a variant of boundary crossing probabilities coming from the multi-armed bandit literature, in the case when the real-valued distributions form an exponential family of dimension K. Formally, our result is a concentration inequality that bounds the probability that B ψ (θ n , θ) f (t/n)/n, where θ is the parameter of an unknown target distribution, θ n is the empirical parameter estimate built from n observations, ψ is the log-partition function of the exponential family and B ψ is the corresponding Bregman divergence. From the perspective of stochastic multi-armed bandits, we pay special attention to the case when the boundary function f is logarithmic, as it enables to analyze the regret of the state-of-the-art KL-ucb and KL-ucb+ strategies, whose analysis was left open in such generality. Indeed, previous results only hold for the case when K = 1, while we provide results for arbitrary finite dimension K, thus considerably extending the existing results. Perhaps surprisingly, we highlight that the proof techniques to achieve these strong results already existed three decades ago in the work of T.L. Lai, and were apparently forgotten in the bandit community. We provide a modern rewriting of these beautiful techniques that we believe are useful beyond the application to stochastic multi-armed bandits.
FEM numerical model analysis of magnetic nanoparticle tumor heating experiments

Iron oxide nanoparticles are currently under investigation as heating agents for hyperthermic treatment of tumors. Major determinants of effective heating include the biodistribution of magnetic materials, the minimum iron oxide loading required to achieve adequate heating, and practically achievable magnetic field strengths. These are inter-related criteria that ultimately determine the practicability of this approach to tumor treatment. Currently, we lack fundamental engineering design criteria that can be used in treatment planning and assessment. Coupling numerical models to experimental studies illuminate the underlying physical processes and can separate physical processes to determine their relative importance. Further, adding thermal damage and cell death process to the models provides valuable perspective on the likelihood of successful treatment. FEM numerical models were applied to increase the understanding of a carefully calibrated series of experiments in mouse mammary carcinoma. The numerical models results indicate that tumor loadings equivalent to approximately 1 mg of Fe3O4 per gram of tumor tissue are required to achieve adequate heating in magnetic field strengths of 34 kA/m (rms) at 160 kHz. Further, the models indicate that direct intratumoral injection of the nanoparticles results in between 1 and 20% uptake in the tissues.
Surface Modification and Wear Properties of Direct Metal Laser Sintered Hybrid Tools Used in Moulds

Injection moulding is one of the most critical polymer processing technologies. The most significant phase of the injection moulding cycle is cooling time, which can be more than half the whole cycle [1]. One of the best ways to achieve a reduction in cooling time is to use mould inserts with conformal cooling [2]; shrinkage and warpage can thus also be decreased [3]. With layer manufacturing technologies, parts of complex internal structures can be built, which can be a major advantage for injection moulds [4]. The cooling channels may have a complex form, which cannot be manufactured with conventional methods, such as drilling or milling [5]. Tooling companies are increasingly employing additive manufacturing (AM) technologies to fabricate moulds with integrated conformal cooling channels. Selective laser sintering (SLS) is an AM technique, which is capable of manufacturing 3D parts from different powder materials [6]. The powder is scanned and selectively sintered according to the two-dimensional crosssection of the sliced model of the CAD geometry. In the beginning, these systems only worked with polymer powders. Then, as the technology developed, companies introduced laser sintering processes for building parts from metal powders. Direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) [7] and selective laser melting (SLM) [8] are the most widespread techniques at present, and both technologies use metal powders without coating [9]. Producing mould inserts from metal powders by AM is an expensive technology in comparison to conventional machining. A major challenge is to integrate free shape AM and cheap conventional manufacturing processes [10]. Metal AM is a promising technology to fabricate complex geometry and hybrid structures from different metals, e.g. cobalt-based alloy deposited on conventional tool steel [11] or sintering of maraging steel on a copper substrate [12]. Surface Modification and Wear Properties of Direct Metal Laser Sintered Hybrid Tools Used in Moulds Hatos, I. − Fekete, I. − Ibriksz, T. − Kovács, J.G. − Maros, M.B. − Hargitai, H. István Hatos1,* − Imre Fekete1 − Tamás Ibriksz1 − József G. Kovács2 − Mária B. Maros3 − Hajnalka Hargitai1
Visual Object Tracking Challenge (VOT2014) Evaluation Kit

1 How to participate in the VOT2014 challenge 2 1.1 General requirements for participation: . 2 1.2 Levels of participation: . 2 1.3 Participating at VOT2014 workshop . 2 1.4 Going beyond VOT2013 . 3 1.5 Document overview . 3
On the Interpolation of Echographic Images Exploiting Band-Pass Signals

This paper deals with the study of an innovative interpolation technique aimed at the generation of echographic images of a synthetic scene previously insonified. The traditional echographic equipments perform the interpolation process working on the data obtained after the envelope extraction (low- pass data). The proposed method carries out the interpolation process using the band-pass data before the envelope extraction, performing, in this way, a complex values interpolation. I. INTRODUCTION This work refers to the ultrasound imaging. Among all of the possible applications, here we consider the one referring to the generation of medical echographic images. The purposes of this work is the development of new band-pass interpolation techniques aimed to the composition of the echographic images, comparing the results with those obtained adopting the low-pass interpolation methods nowadays in use. The traditional echographic equipments perform the interpolation process on the image pixels, working, in this way, on the gray levels obtained extracting the envelope of the demodulated echoes received by the array and processed by the beamforming algorithm. The linear interpolation function is commonly adopted because it is less burdensome in terms of computational load and provides better results when the spatial sampling theorem is respected. Otherwise, the designed method interpolates directly the band-pass signals obtained by the beamforming process. It is useful to interpolate before the envelope extraction process, since this process causes loss of phase information, which is important to obtain a better image, especially in condition of strong undersampling. In particular, in this paper, we try to demonstrate that the interpolation process applied to the band-pass signals instead of the low-pass signals (after envelope extraction) allows to obtain better results in terms of reconstructed images quality also, as mentioned above, when the spatial sampling theorem is not respected. This characteristic makes it possible to acquire the echo signals in undersampling condition, and thus, reconstructing a fully spatial sampled image using the addressed interpolation method. Some tests regarding the adoption of interpolation functions more complex than the linear one have been carried out on both band-pass and low-pass signals. Even though the implementation of these functions produces an unavoidable computational load growth, the quality of the obtained images is better than those interpolated with traditionally linear functions. In particular, our attention has been