Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Equilibria of Rotating Isothermal Clouds - Part Two - Structure and Dynamical Stability

Numerical results are presented for the structure of differentially rotating, isothermal clouds. The equilibria can be characterized by two parameters: a dimensionless mass M and the rotational parameter . beta. (0< or =.beta.< or = (1)/(3) ). Within the class of dynamically stable equilibria, clouds with low M and . beta. have small density contrasts (ratio of density at the center to density at the cloud boundary) and resemble Maclaurin spheroids; clouds with high M and . beta. have larger density contrasts and eccentricities. At any fixed . beta. , there exists a critical mass M*( .beta.) which is marginally dynamically unstable to axisymmetric perturbations. Stability is diagnosed by investigating the change in M as a function of density contrast at fixed . beta. This ''static method'' is proved rigorously for the present case by showing that there exists a conserved free energy G for isothermal perturbations. Clouds with MM*( .beta.), should they exist, must be unstable. The structure of unstable equilibria with MM*( .beta.). Stable, disklike configurations are obtained for subcritical masses. The disks actually reached with the collapse codes agree well with the results of this study.
In thrall to the vocabulary

THE MESS-IN-THE-MESSAGE PROBLEM At St John’s Church in Darlinghurst, Sydney, a sign reads “Only God can turn a MESS into a message, a TEST into a testimony, a TRIAL into a triumph, a VICTIM into a victory”. Full marks to the writer for effective use of the resources that English offers! But the proposition of exclusivity is, in fact, inaccurate, because turning a mess into a message, and the like, is what every speaker of English has to do every day to understand speech. The vocabulary gives us no choice in this matter. By the standards of the world’s languages, English has many phonemes (42 in the Australian variety [1], where the world cross-language mean is 31 and the mode 25 [2]; Figure 1). If distinctiveness were a priority, 42 is still a tiny number from which to construct the hundreds of thousands of words of the English vocabulary. All vocabularies are like this: a huge number of words, constructed from a trivially small number of contrastive speech sounds. The inevitable result is that there is very little distinctiveness. Words closely resemble other words (word: bird, curd, herd, weed, wide, wade, work, whirl, worse.). Further, short words occur accidentally in longer ones (test in testimony, etc.); and many longer words, not at all related, begin in the same way (trial and triumph, etc.).
BUILDING COMMUNITY RESILIENCE THROUGH GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION DASHBOARDS

Abstract. This article discusses a dashboard toolkit designed at the Knowledge Exchange for Resilience at the Arizona State University to integrate and analyze multi-agency data offering many ways of visualizing big data representable, contextualizable, and intelligible to a non-expert target audience. We outline a community-driven approach to identify pressing resiliency issues and deploy dashboard tools on targeted areas for significant community benefit. Our research builds on the offerings of data science to aid community-focused decision support systems to enable evidence-based and real-time decision-making. We hypothesize that building community resilience in response to emerging challenges requires a combination of timely data at the local scale and easy-to-use decision support tools. This research particularly focuses on augmenting the capacity of communities through dashboard technologies to comprehend rapidly evolving issues and address them in a timely and efficient manner. Our work contributes to a rapidly growing research domain around geospatial data visualization technologies that are increasingly playing a vital role in the shaping of government policies, including resiliency planning and disaster response. This study argues that dashboards that are action-oriented, easy-to-use, and locally embedded within the community have much more potential to be used as a decision-support system. The findings indicate that community-based knowledge networks catalyzed and influenced by modern technologies might provide a model to negotiate the gaps between ecosystem-based and social-science-focused conceptualization of community resilience.
Tissue Engineering in Gynecology

Female gynecological organ dysfunction can cause infertility and psychological distress, decreasing the quality of life of affected women. Incidence is constantly increasing due to growing rates of cancer and increase of childbearing age in the developed world. Current treatments are often unable to restore organ function, and occasionally are the cause of female infertility. Alternative treatment options are currently being developed in order to face the inadequacy of current practices. In this review, pathologies and current treatments of gynecological organs (ovaries, uterus, and vagina) are described. State-of-the-art of tissue engineering alternatives to common practices are evaluated with a focus on in vivo models. Tissue engineering is an ever-expanding field, integrating various domains of modern science to create sophisticated tissue substitutes in the hope of repairing or replacing dysfunctional organs using autologous cells. Its application to gynecology has the potential of restoring female fertility and sexual wellbeing.
THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF THE SHOCK WAVE-BOUNDARY LAYER INTERACTION ON COMPRESSION SURFACES IN HYPERSONIC FLOW

Abstract : A detailed description is given of the theoretical and experimental studies of shock wave-laminar boundary layer interaction on curved compression surfaces in hypersonic flow. Integral forms of the boundary layer equations were used for the conservation of mass, streamwise momentum, normal momentum, moment of streamwise momentum and energy to describe the development of attached and separated boundary layers on a curve surface. In the experimental study, skin friction, heat transfer and pressure measurements were made on a series of flat plate-cylindrical arc-wedge compression surfaces. Pitot and cone pressure measurements were made above the surface in the separation and reattachment regions of separated flows to estimate the static pressure difference across the boundary layer. The radius of curvature of the cylindrical arc, the inclination of the wedge, and the unit Reynolds number of the free-stream were varied to examine their effect on the properties of both attached and separated interaction regions over the models.
The Relationship between Searches for COVID-19 Vaccines and Dynamics of Vaccinated People in Poland: An Infodemiological Study

Background: Google Trends has turned out to be an appropriate tool for evaluating correlations and prognostic modelling regarding infectious diseases. The possibility of selecting a vaccine against COVID-19 has increased social interest in particular vaccines. The objective of this study was to show dependencies between the frequency of searches for COVID-19 vaccinations and the number of vaccinated people in Poland, along with epidemiological data. Methods: Data were collected regarding Google searches for COVID-19 vaccines, the number of people in Poland vaccinated against COVID-19, the number of new cases, and the number of deaths due to COVID-19. Data were filtered from 27 December 2020 to 1 September 2021. Results: The number of new vaccinations smoothed per million correlated most strongly with searches for the word ‘Pfizer’ in Google Trends (Kendall’s tau = 0.46, p < 0.001). The number of new deaths correlated most strongly with the search phrase ‘AstraZeneca’ (Kendall’s tau = 0.46, p < 0.001). The number of new cases per million correlated most strongly with searches for ‘AstraZeneca’ (Kendall’s tau = 0.49, p < 0.001). The maximum daily number of searches ranged between 110 and 130. A significant interest in COVID-19 vaccines was observed from February to June 2021, i.e., in the period of a considerable increase in the number of new cases and new deaths due to COVID-19. Conclusions: A significant increase in interest in COVID-19 vaccines was observed from February to June 2021, i.e., in the period of gradually extended access to vaccinations, as well as a considerable increase in the number of new cases and new deaths due to COVID-19. The use of Google Trends with relevant keywords and a comparison with the course of the COVID-19 pandemic facilitates evaluation of the relationship between the frequency and types of searches for COVID-19 vaccines and epidemiological data.
Effects of Spray Application of Lactic Acid Solution and Aromatic Vinegar on the Microbial Loads of Wild Boar Carcasses Obtained under Optimal Harvest Conditions

Solutions of lactic acid 2% and aromatic vinegar were investigated for microbial load reduction on the surfaces of wild boar carcasses. The animals were hunted and processed according to production specifications to obtain the best hygiene for carcasses. The solutions were sprayed on carcass surfaces after skinning, and sites of 5 × 5 cm were sampled 2 h and 48 h post-treatment, with the carcasses under refrigeration conditions. The values of the microbial loads were lower for lactic-acid-treated sites, compared with control, after both 2 and 48 h. Nonetheless, the differences in the microbial loads were only higher than 1 Log/CFU 25 cm2 for the aerobic colony count. The aromatic vinegar resulted in lower values than in controls only after 48 h for the aerobic colony count, Staphylococcus count, and Lactobacillus count, with values always below 1 Log/CFU 25 cm2. The implementation of a lactic acid solution could represent a valuable strategy to reduce microbial growth on wild boar carcasses, thus becoming a relevant critical control point in this peculiar and niche meat production process.
Expression of Kisspeptin in the Adult Hamster Testis

Abstract Kisspeptins, products of KISS1 gene, are ligands of the G-protein coupled receptor (GPR54), and the kisspeptin-GPR54 signaling has an important role as an upstream regulator of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons. Interestingly, extrahypothalamic expressions of kisspeptin/GPR-54 in gonads have been found in primates and experimental rodents such as rats and mice. Hamsters, another potent experimental rodent, also have a kisspeptin-GPR54 system in their ovaries. The presence of testicular kisspeptin-GPR54 system, however, remains to be solved. The present study was undertaken to determine whether the kisspeptin is expressed in hamster testis. To do this, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCRs) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were employed. After the nest PCR, two cDNA products (320 and 280 bp, respectively) were detected by 3% agarose gel electrophoresis, and sequencing analysis revealed that the 320 bp product was correctly amplified from hamster kisspeptin cDNA. Modest immunoreactive (IR) kisspeptins were detected in Leydig-interstitial cells, and the weak signals were detected in germ cells, mostly in round spermatids and residual bodies of elongated spermatids. In the present study, we found the kisspeptin expression in the testis of Syrian hamster. Further studies on the local role(s) of testicular kisspeptin are expected for a better understanding the physiology of hamster testis, including photoperiodic gonadal regression specifically occurred in hamster gonads.
Evolution of the Piauí Laterite, Brazil: Mineralogical, Geochemical and Geomicrobiological Mechanisms for Cobalt and Nickel Enrichment

The Piauí laterite (NE Brazil) was initially evaluated for Ni but also contains economic concentrations of Co. Our investigations aimed to characterise the Co enrichment within the deposit; by understanding the mineralogy we can better design mineral processing to target Co recovery. The laterite is heterogeneous on the mineralogical and lithological scale differing from the classic schematic profiles of nickel laterites, and while there is a clear transition from saprolite to more ferruginous units, the deposit also contains lateral and vertical variations that are associated with both the original intrusive complex and also the nature of fluid flow, redox cycling and fluctuating groundwater tables. The deposit is well described by the following six mineralogical and geochemical units: SAPFE, a clay bearing ferruginous saprolite; SAPSILFE, a silica dominated ferruginous saprolite; SAPMG, a green magnesium rich chlorite dominated saprolite; SAPAL, a white-green high aluminium, low magnesium saprolite; saprock, a serpentine and chlorite dominated saprolite and the serpentinite protolith. Not all of these units are ‘ore bearing’. Ni is concentrated in a range of nickeliferous phyllosilicates (0.1–25 wt%) including serpentines, talc and pimelite, goethite (up to 9 wt%), magnetite (2.8–14 wt%) and Mn oxy-hydroxides (0.35–19 wt%). Lower levels of Ni are present in ilmenites, chromites, chlorite and distinct small horizons of nickeliferous silica (up to 3 wt% Ni). With respect to Co, the only significant chemical correlation is with Mn, and Mn oxy-hydroxides contain up to 14 wt% Co. Cobalt is only present in goethite when Mn is also present, and these goethite grains contain an average of 0.19 wt% Co (up to a maximum of 0.65 wt%). The other main Co bearing minerals are magnetite (0.41–1.89 wt%), chlorite (up to 0.45 wt%) and ilmenite (up to 0.35 wt%). Chemically there are three types of Mn oxy-hydroxide, asbolane, asbolane-lithiophorite intermediates and romanechite. Spatially resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy analysis suggests that the Co is present primarily as octahedrally bound Co3+ substituted directly into the MnO6 layers of the asbolane-lithiophorite intermediates. However significant levels of Co2+ are evident within the asbolane-lithiophorite intermediates, structurally bound along with Ni in the interlayer between successive MnO6 layers. The laterite microbial community contains prokaryotes and few fungi, with the highest abundance and diversity closest to ground level. Microorganisms capable of metal redox cycling were identified to be present, but microcosm experiments of different horizons within the deposit demonstrated that stimulated biogeochemical cycling did not contribute to Co mobilisation. Correlations between Co and Mn are likely to be a relic of parent rock weathering rather than due to biogeochemical processes; a conclusion that agrees well with the mineralogical associations.
Diversity of Silica-Scaled Chrysophytes of Two Tropical Islands: Phu Quoc and Con Son (Viet Nam)

The present paper focuses on the silica-scaled chrysophytes from two tropical islands: Con Son (Con Dao Archipelago) and Phu Quoc, located in Viet Nam. Electron microscopy revealed fifty-seven taxa, of which forty-one belong to the genus Mallomonas. The others are species of the genera Synura (5), Paraphysomonas (8), Spiniferomonas (1), Chrysosphaerella (1) and Lepidochromonas (1). This is the first report of the genus Lepidochromonas from Viet Nam. In addition, two species from the genus Paraphysomonas are reported for the first time in the country. Six taxa from the genus Mallomonas and five taxa from the genus Paraphysomonas were not identifiable to the lower rank and may represent new species for science. The overall diversity of the silica-scaled chrysophytes of the islands is very high. A number of rare taxa endemic to Southeast Asia were found.
The Roles and Synergies of Actors in the Green Building Transition: Lessons from Singapore

Transforming the building sector toward sustainability based on green building (GB) technologies is a multi-faceted, multi-actor process of socio-technical transition. Understanding the different roles of primary actors in both technological and non-technological dimensions of GB transition is pivotal for effectively engaging multiple GB stakeholders during this process. However, relevant research is rare in the GB literature. This paper conducts an actor analysis based on a conceptual framework constructed on the actor and power relation typology from the multi-actor perspective approach and regime insights from the multi-level perspective theory. A qualitative case study of Singapore is adopted to exemplify the roles of the government, developers, citizens and NGOs, determined by their respective power and multi-actor power relations, and to evaluate their synergetic influence on the technological, social and governance dimensions of the GB transition. It was found that the government leads all three dimensions of GB transition and it has an indirect impact on promoting the technological transformation and social adaption by synergizing the other three actors. As the intermediary between government and non-government actors, NGOs indirectly influence GB transition by primarily assisting the government. Developers and citizens directly contribute to technological transformation and social adaption, respectively, and they have an indirect impact on the opposite dimensions through interacting with one another. We argue that a successful GB transition entails synergies from multi-actor interactions and the interplay of technical and non-technical development. This paper offers a heuristic framework for multi-actor analysis in the multi-faceted GB transition and generates policy lessons for other cities.
Characterization of Cytokines and Proliferation Marker Ki-67 in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Recurring Nasal Polyps

Highlights What are the main findings? Cytokines are found in greater numbers in subepithelial connective tissue rather than epithelial cells in nasal polyps. IL-6 is an important factor in the pathogenesis of recurrent nasal polyps. What are the implications of the main finding? IL-6 was established as an important factor for further research in CRSwNP Possible future clinical implications, yet further research is necessary. Abstract Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a chronic inflammation of the mucosa of the nose and paranasal sinuses with the presence of polyps, affecting between 2.7% and 4.4% of the population. Cytokine analysis has become important in research on inflammatory mechanisms in CRSwNP. Therefore, our aim is to investigate the complex appearance, relative distribution, and interlinks of IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, and Ki-67 in CRSwNP. Methods: Samples of nasal polyps were obtained from 19 patients with previously diagnosed CRSwNP and the recurrence of polyps after previous surgeries. The control group consisted of samples from 17 otherwise healthy individuals with isolated nasal septum deviations. Tissues were stained for previously mentioned cytokines and Ki-67 immunohistochemically. Results: Polyp samples showed an increased presence of cytokines in subepithelial connective tissue and a decreased appearance in epithelium when compared to controls. There were several very strong, strong, and moderate correlations among factors. Conclusions: IL-6 strongly correlates with other cytokines as well as with the proliferation marker Ki-67, which suggests significant stimulation of this regulatory cytokine and its possible involvement in the pathogenesis of recurrent nasal polyps. IL-4, IL-7, IL-10, and IL-12 correlate with Ki-67, which suggests the possible involvement of these cytokines in tissue cell proliferation in the case of recurrent nasal polyps.
IMPACTO DEL GÉNERO, EL NIVEL SOCIOECONÓMICO Y LA ESCUELA EN LAS DESTREZAS DE ESPAÑOL DE LOS ESTUDIANTES PUERTORRIQUEÑOS

El estudio de los idiomas en Puerto Rico se ha centrado en el efecto que tienen los factores de nivel macro (ej. políticas lingüísticas) en las competencias lingüísticas de los puertorriqueños. Estos factores se han vinculado al pobre desempeño de los estudiantes del sistema público. Sin embargo, los factores a nivel micro (ej., género, nivel socioeconómico y escuela) han sido en gran medida desatendidos, a pesar de que juegan un rol importante en las habilidades lingüísticas. El presente estudio busca subsanar la falta de datos sobre el impacto de los micro-factores en los estudiantes puertorriqueños. Evaluamos los efectos del género, el nivel socioeconómico y la escuela en las destrezas de español de los estudiantes del sistema público de educación. Analizamos datos de la Medición y Evaluación para la Transformación Educativa (META). La muestra comprende de 21,425 estudiantes del grado 11º distribuidos en 194 escuelas. Los análisis estadísticos revelan que existe una brecha lingüística por género y nivel socioeconómico. Además, sugieren que la efectividad de la escuela y la composición de la población escolar tienen una función mitigadora en las diferencias por género y nivel socioeconómico. Proponemos que, aunque la escuela, en algunos casos, sí parece cumplir una función compensatoria, la efectividad de la escuela parece estar estrechamente ligada a las condiciones socioeconómicas de sus estudiantes. Palabras clave: género; nivel socioeconómico; escuela; desempeño lingüístico; estudiantes; brechas académicas
Physics of Nonneutral Plasmas

Theoretical Models of Nonneutral Plasma Fundamental Properties of Nonneutral Plasma Kinetic Equilibrium and Stability Properties Macroscopic Equilibrium and Stability Properties The Diocotron Instability Coherent Electromagnetic Wave Generation by the Cyclotron Maser and Free Electron Laser Instabilities Equilibrium and Stability Properties of Intense Nonneutral Flow in High-Power Diodes Propagation and Stability of Intense Charged Particle Beams in a Solenoidal Focusing Field Propagation and Stability of Intense Charged Particle Beams in an Alternating-Gradient Focusing Field.
Tolerability of Oral Supplementation with Microencapsulated Ferric Saccharate Compared to Ferrous Sulphate in Healthy Premenopausal Woman: A Crossover, Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial

A single-center, crossover, randomized, double-blind, and controlled clinical study was conducted to assess the tolerability profile, especially with regard to gastrointestinal complaints, of oral supplementation with AB-Fortis®, a microencapsulated ferric saccharate (MFS), as compared with conventional ferrous sulphate (FS) in healthy premenopausal women. A dose of 60 mg/day of elemental iron was used. The test products were administered for 14 consecutive days with a washout period of two menstrual episodes and a minimum of one month between the two intervention periods. The subjects completed simple-to-answer questionnaires daily for 14 days during both the intervention and the washout periods, capturing the symptoms associated with oral iron supplementation and overall health aspects. Following product consumption, the incidences of symptoms, numbers of complaints/symptoms, overall intensity, and total days with symptoms were found to be significantly higher for FS consumption as compared to MFS. The better tolerability profile of MFS over FS was further substantiated when both products were compared to a real-life setting (i.e., the washout period). Overall, the administration of both study products was safe with no serious or significant adverse events reported. In summary, the current study shows the better tolerability of the MFS preparation when compared to that of the FS, presenting MFS as a well-tolerated and safe option for improving iron nutrition.