Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE COSMIC NEAR INFRARED BACKGROUND. III. FLUCTUATIONS, REIONIZATION, AND THE EFFECTS OF MINIMUM MASS AND SELF-REGULATION

Current observations suggest that the universe was reionized sometime before z ∼ 6. One way to observe this epoch of the universe is through the Near Infrared Background (NIRB), which contains information about galaxies which may be too faint to be observed individually. We calculate the angular power spectrum (Cl) of the NIRB fluctuations caused by the distribution of these galaxies. Assuming a complete subtraction of any post-reionization component, Cl will be dominated by galaxies responsible for completing reionization (e.g., z ∼ 6). The shape of Cl at high l is sensitive to the amount of nonlinear bias of dark matter halos hosting galaxies. As the nonlinear bias depends on the mass of these halos, we can use the shape of Cl to infer typical masses of dark matter halos responsible for completing reionization. We extend our previous study by using a higher-resolution N-body simulation, which can resolve halos down to 108 M☉. We also include improved radiative transfer, which allows for the suppression of star formation in small-mass halos due to photoionization heating. As the nonlinear bias enhances the dark matter halo power spectrum on small scales, we find that Cl is steeper for the case with a complete suppression of small sources or partial suppression of star formation in small halos (the minimum galaxy mass is Mmin = 109 M☉ in ionized regions and Mmin = 108 M☉ in neutral regions) than for the case in which these small halos were unsuppressed. In all cases, we do not see a turnover toward high l in the shape of l2Cl.
A non‐parametric estimate of mass ‘scoured’ in galaxy cores

We present a simple estimate of the mass 'deficits' in cored spheroids, as a function of galaxy mass and radius within the galaxy. Previous attempts to measure such deficits depended on fitting some functional form to the profile at large radii extrapolating inwards; this is sensitive to the assumed functional form and does not allow for variation in nuclear profile shapes. For example, we show that literally interpreting the residuals from a single/cored Sersic function fit as implied 'deficit' can be misleading. Instead, we take advantage of larger data sets to directly construct stellar mass profiles of observed systems and measure the stellar mass enclosed in a series of physical radii (M * (<R)), for samples of cusp and core spheroids at the same stellar mass. We show that there is a significant (model-independent) bimodality in this distribution of central structure for this sample at small radii. We non-parametrically measure the median offset between core and cusp populations (the 'deficit' ΔM * (R)). We can then construct the scoured mass profile as a function of radius, without reference to any assumed functional form. The mass deficit rises in power-law fashion (ΔM * (< R) ∝ R 1.3-1.8 ) from a significant but small mass at R ≲ 10 pc, to asymptote to a maximum ∼0.5-2 M BH at ∼100 pc, where M BH is the mass of the central, supermassive black hole (BH) hosted by the spheroid. At larger radii there is no statistically significant separation between populations; the upper limit to the cumulative scoured mass at ∼kpc is ∼2-4 M BH . This does not depend strongly on stellar mass. The dispersion in M * (<R) appears larger in the core population, possibly reflecting the fact that core scouring increases the scatter in central profile shapes. We measure this broadening effect as a function of radius. The relatively low mass deficits inferred, and characteristic radii, are in good agreement with models of 'scouring' from BH binary systems.
Quantization of the electromagnetic field in nondispersive polarizable moving media above the Cherenkov threshold

We quantize the macroscopic electromagnetic field in a system of non-dispersive polarizable bodies moving at constant velocities possibly exceeding the Cherenkov threshold. It is shown that in general the quantized system is unstable and neither has a ground state nor supports stationary states. The quantized Hamiltonian is written in terms of quantum harmonic oscillators associated with both positive and negative frequencies, such that the oscillators associated with symmetric frequencies are coupled by an interaction term that does not preserve the quantum occupation numbers. Moreover, in the linear regime the amplitudes of the fields may grow without limit provided the velocity of the moving bodies is enforced to be constant. This requires the application of an external mechanical force that effectively pumps the system.
The Predominant Elements for Strategic CSR Implementation in SMEs

Research on strategic Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is still not many in number, particularly, in developing countries. Although SMEs play an important role in economic development, this sector has received less attention in research on its competitiveness through social responsibility. According to previous literature, SMEs have unconsciously practiced social responsibility but have not been integrated in their strategy. The same condition has also occurred to SMEs in Badung district, Bali, where they practice social responsibility in running their business as an embodiment of a philosophy based on religious teachings. However, this type of CSR has not yet made a positive contribution to their competitiveness. This study attempts to answer what elements are required to obtain CSR as strategy. Interpretive Structural Modeling methodology was implemented to the SMEs located in Badung Regency, Bali . The study finds that the integration of strategic CSR into SMEs’ strategy was focused on new paradigm improve SMEs’ competitiveness. This new way of thinking can be achieved by intensively socializing the benefits of strategic CSR through education, relevant policy and collaboration between related stakeholders.
Prediction of Future Spatial and Temporal Evolution Trends of Reference Evapotranspiration in the Yellow River Basin, China

Reference evapotranspiration (ET0) is an integral part of the regional hydrological cycle and energy balance and is extremely sensitive to climate change. Based on temperature data from 24 global climate models (GCMs) in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), this study developed a multi-model ensemble based on delta statistical downscaling with multiple interpolation methods and evaluation indicators to predict the spatial and temporal evolution trends of ET0 in the Yellow River Basin (YRB) under four emission scenarios (SSP126, SSP245, SSP370, and SSP585) for the near- (2022–2040), mid- (2041–2060), and long- (2081–2100) term future. Results demonstrate that regional data generated based on delta statistical downscaling had good simulation performance for the monthly mean, maximum, and minimum temperatures in the YRB, and the developed multi-model ensemble had better simulation capability than any single model. Compared to the historical period (1901–2014), the annual ET0 showed a highly significant increase for different future emission scenarios, and the increase is faster with increasing radiative forcing. The first main cycle of ET0 change was 52, 53, 60, and 48 years for the SSP126, SSP245, SSP370, and SSP585, respectively. ET0 in the YRB had positive values for EOF1 under all four emission scenarios, responding to a spatially consistent trend across the region. Compared to the historical period, the spatial distribution of ET0 under different future emission scenarios was characterized by being larger in the west and smaller in the east. As the radiative forcing scenario increased and time extended, ET0 significantly increased, with a maximum variation of 112.91% occurring in the western part of the YRB in the long-term future under the SSP585 scenario. This study can provide insight into the water cycle patterns of watersheds and scientific decision support for relevant departments to address the challenges of climate change.
PHONOSEMANTICS: PHONEMES OF MODERN GREEK CAN EXPRESS INHERENT MEANINGS?

There are four categories of phonological iconicity (sound symbolism or phonosemantics): lexical and non-lexical onomatopoeia (direct phonological iconicity), associative and phonaesthetic iconicity (indirect phonological iconicity). This paper focuses on the third category, the examples of indirect associative phonological iconicity with examples of onomatopoeic words from Modern Greek, which are connected with concepts that refer to acoustic but also to non-acoustic experiences. Indirect, associative connection of consonants and vowels with specific or abstract concepts is based on the phonological characteristics of these phonemes (sonority, manner of articulation, etc.).
Trade barrier decrease and environmental pollution improvement: new evidence from China’s firm-level pollution data

PurposeTrade and environment are essential issues closely related to the development of the national economy and the improvement of people’s livelihood in the new era. The Report to the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) listed the construction of a strong trading power as an important part of building a modern economic system and pollution prevention and treatment as one of the three key battles to win the decisive victory of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. However, the relationship between trade and environmental pollution is still very controversial in the existing literature, and there is a paucity of literature on the relationship between trade and environmental pollution based on micro data.Design/methodology/approachThis paper merged China’s Firm-Level Pollution Database with China’s Industrial Enterprise Database and China’s industry tariff rates. Additionally, by virtue of the quasi-natural experiment of China’s accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO), a difference in difference (DID) model was constructed to alleviate the endogeneity issue.FindingsAccording to the results, the trade barrier decrease (trade liberalization) significantly reduces the intensity of SO2 emissions, a major pollutant of enterprises, as the intensity of SO2 emissions decreased 2.16% for each unit decrease of the trade barrier. The analysis of the mechanisms shows that the SO2 emission intensity of enterprises is mainly due to the decrease of enterprises’ pollution emission rather than the decrease of output, and the decrease of enterprises’ pollution emission is mainly caused by the enterprises’ cleaner production process rather than the end treatment of pollution emission. The decrease of coal use intensity is an important mechanism of the decrease of SO2 emission intensity caused by the decrease of trade barriers. Among the technical effects of the change of the trade barrier affecting enterprises’ pollution emission, biased technical change rather than neutral technical change dominates.Originality/valueThe findings of this paper imply that expanding openness can enhance China’s social welfare not only through the economic growth mechanisms identified in the classical literature, but also through environmental improvements. This provides useful policy insights for promoting the construction of a strong trading power and winning the battle against pollution in the new era.
A note on mapping class group actions on derived categories

Let $X_n$ be a cycle of $n$ projective lines, and $\bT_n$ a symplectic torus with $n$ punctures. Using the theory of spherical twists introduced by Seidel and Thomas (2001), I will define an action of the pure mapping class group of $\bT_n$ on $D^b(Coh(X_n))$. The motivation comes from homological mirror symmetry for degenerate elliptic curves, which was studied by the author with Treumann and Zaslow in arXiv:1103.2462 .
Kommunikasie, organisasiegedrag en organisasie·ontwikkeling

Prominent organisational behavioural theorists emphasize the crucial role of communication in organisational behaviour. In contrast communication is often treated as just one of an array of organisational behavioural phenomena by organisational development (OD) practitioners when they attempt to improve organisational effectiveness. In this study the relationship of com munication to organisational climate and behaviour is investigated by means of an analysis of the factor structure of an organisational diagnostic question naire, based on a theoretical model of organisational behaviour, and the correlation of communication with 27 sub factors of organisational behaviour. It is concluded that communication is an Important dimension of organisa tional climate, and probably plays the crucial role in integrating and co ordinating organisational subsystem functioning. Because of this and the significant relationship of communica tion to factors such as leadership, group functioning and job satisfaction, com munication should receive priority atten tlon in OD-programmes directed at Improving organisational climate and effectiveness.
Rare-gas clusters in intense VUV, XUV and soft x-ray pulses: signatures of the transition from nanoplasma-driven cluster expansion to Coulomb explosion in ion and electron spectra

We investigate the wavelength-dependent ionization, heating, and expansion dynamics of medium-sized rare-gas clusters (Ar923) under intense femtosecond short-wavelength free-electron laser pulses by quasi-classical molecular dynamics simulations. A comparison of the interaction dynamics for pulses with ℏω=20, 38 and 90 eV photon energy at fixed total excitation energy indicates a smooth transition from plasma-driven cluster expansion, where predominantly surface ions are expelled by hydrodynamic forces, to quasi-electrostatic behavior with almost pure Coulomb explosion. Corresponding signatures in the time-dependent cluster dynamics, as well as in the final ion and electron spectra, corroborate that this transition is linked to a crossover in the electron emission processes. The resulting signatures in the electron spectra are shown to be even more reliable for identifying the cluster expansion mechanisms than ion energy spectra. It is shown that the prevailing ionization mechanism and the dominant expansion process can be roughly estimated by a simple frustration parameter.
Rotation-Induced Deep Crustal Heating Of Millisecond Pulsars

The spin-down of a neutron star, e.g. due to magneto-dipole losses, results in compression of the stellar matter and induces nuclear reactions at phase transitions between different nuclear species in the crust. We show that this mechanism is effective in heating recycled pulsars, in which the previous accretion process has already been compressing the crust, so it is not in nuclear equilibrium. We calculate the corresponding emissivity and confront it with available observations, showing that it might account for the likely thermal ultraviolet emission of PSR J0437-4715.
Search for High-energy Gamma-ray Emission from an Anomalous X-ray Pulsar, 4U 0142+61

Until 2004, anomalous X-ray pulsars (AXPs) were known as strong emitters of soft X-rays only (<10 keV). The discovery of hard X-ray component from AXPs provided important insight about their emission properties while it posed a serious challenge to explain its origin. The physical mechanism of the hard emission component has still not been fully resolved. We investigate the high-energy gamma-ray properties of the brightest AXP, 4U 0142+61, using data collected with the Large Area Telescope on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope to establish the spectral behavior of the source on a very broad energy span and search for pulsed emission. Here, we present our results of detailed search for the persistent and pulsed high-energy gamma-ray emission from 4U 0142+61 which result in no significant detection. However, we obtain upper limits to the persistent high-energy gamma-ray emission flux which helps us to constrain existing physical models.
Haematological profile of dromedary camels naturally infected with Trypanosoma evansi

Trypanosomiasis is widely distributed in African and Asian camel livestock. It is among the major constraint to camel production and causes serious economic losses. The disease control and management required knowledge about its impact on animal health. Objectives: The present study aims to confirm T. evansi infection in studied animals and to determine the modifications of haematological parameters in infected camels compared to non-infected ones. Methods: A total of 241 dromedary camels were randomly selected. Parasitological and serological tests were performed to confirm the infection. Haematological parameters (Red Blood cell Count, White Blood Cells, haemoglobin concentration, Packed Cell Volume, Mean Cell Volume, Mean Cell Haemoglobin, Mean Cell Haemoglobin Concentration, Red cell Distribution Width and White Blood cell Count) were automatically analysed, differential leukocyte counts was manually carried out and morphological abnormalities of erythrocytes were recorded. Results: Trypanosoma evansi infection was confirmed in 3.6% of animals by microscopy and in 57.3% by serology. In seropositives camels, the most important haematological alterations were microcytic hypochromic anaemia, neutrophilia, monocytosis, eosinophilia and anisocytosis. Conclusion:On the basis of these findings, haematological parameters, markedly affected in T. evansi infection, are good biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of the disease. They may be used for planning control programs to reduce its impact on camel livestock production
Influence of a Transport Current on Magnetic Anisotropy

because the applied current breaks time reversal invariance. At a practical level, we provide a concise analytical expression for the current-induced change in the magnetic anisotropy. This expression is suitable for evaluation from first principles because it requires the knowledge of only the band structure of the ferromagnet and the lifetime of the Bloch states. At a technical level, our theory allows for the spatial inhomogeneities that inevitably occur in the magnitude of the ferromagnet’s exchange field at atomic lenghtscales.
Spectral lag of gamma-ray bursts caused by the intrinsic spectral evolution and the curvature effect

Assuming an intrinsic ‘Band’ shape spectrum and an intrinsic energy-independent emission profile we have investigated the connection between the evolution of the rest-frame spectral parameters and the spectral lags measured in gamma-ray burst (GRB) pulses by using a pulse model. We first focus our attention on the evolution of the peak energy, E0,p, and neglect the effect of the curvature effect. It is found that the evolution of E0,p alone can produce the observed lags. When E0,p varies from hard to soft only the positive lags can be observed. The negative lags would occur in the case of E0,p varying from soft to hard. When the evolution of E0,p and the low-energy spectral index α0 varying from soft to hard then to soft we can find the aforesaid two sorts of lags. We then examine the combined case of the spectral evolution and the curvature effect of fireball and find the observed spectral lags would increase. A sample including 15 single pulses whose spectral evolution follows hard to soft has been investigated. All the lags of these pulses are positive, which is in good agreement with our theoretical predictions. Our analysis shows that only the intrinsic spectral evolution can produce the spectral lags and the observed lags should be contributed by the intrinsic spectral evolution and the curvature effect. But it is still unclear what cause the spectral evolution (© 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Quantum force induced on a partition wall in a harmonic potential

Boundary effects in quantum mechanics are examined by considering a partition wall inserted at the centre of a harmonic oscillator system. We put an equal number of particles on both sides of the impenetrable wall keeping the system under finite temperatures. When the wall admits distinct boundary conditions on the two sides, then a net force is induced on the wall. We study the temperature behaviour of the induced force both analytically and numerically under the combination of the Dirichlet and the Neumann conditions, and determine its scaling property for two statistical cases of the particles: fermions and bosons. We find that the force has a nonvanishing limit at zero temperature T = 0 and exhibits scalings characteristic to the statistics of the particles. We also see that for higher temperatures the force decreases according to , in sharp contrast to the case of the infinite potential well where it diverges according to . The results suggest that, if such a nontrivial partition wall can be realized, it may be used as a probe to examine the profile of the potentials and the statistics of the particles involved.
The Added Value of Intraventricular Hemorrhage on the Radiomics Analysis for the Prediction of Hematoma Expansion of Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Background: Among patients undergoing head computed tomography (CT) scans within 3 h of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH), 28% to 38% have hematoma expansion (HE) on follow-up CT. This study aimed to predict HE using radiomics analysis and investigate the impact of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) compared with the conventional approach based on intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH) alone. Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 127 patients with baseline and follow-up non-contrast CT (NCCT) within 4~72 h of sICH. IPH and IVH were outlined separately for performing radiomics analysis. HE was defined as an absolute hematoma growth > 6 mL or percentage growth > 33% of either IPH (HEP) or a combination of IPH and IVH (HEP+V) at follow-up. Radiomic features were extracted using PyRadiomics, and then the support vector machine (SVM) was used to build the classification model. For each case, a radiomics score was generated to indicate the probability of HE. Results: There were 57 (44.9%) HEP and 70 (55.1%) non-HEP based on IPH alone, and 58 (45.7%) HEP+V and 69 (54.3%) non-HEP+V based on IPH + IVH. The majority (>94%) of HE patients had poor early outcomes (death or modified Rankin Scale > 3 at discharge). The radiomics model built using baseline IPH to predict HEP (RMP) showed 76.4% accuracy and 0.73 area under the ROC curve (AUC). The other model using IPH + IVH to predict HEP+V (RMP+V) had higher accuracy (81.9%) with AUC = 0.80, and this model could predict poor outcomes. The sensitivity/specificity of RMP and RMP+V for HE prediction were 71.9%/80.0% and 79.3%/84.1%, respectively. Conclusion: The proposed radiomics approach with additional IVH information can improve the accuracy in prediction of HE, which is associated with poor clinical outcomes. A reliable radiomics model may provide a robust tool to help manage ICH patients and to enroll high-risk ICH cases into anti-expansion or neuroprotection drug trials.
Unitary equilibrations: Probability distribution of the Loschmidt echo

Closed quantum systems evolve unitarily and therefore cannot converge in a strong sense to an equilibrium state starting out from a generic pure state. Nevertheless for large system size one observes temporal typicality. Namely, for the overwhelming majority of the time instants, the statistics of observables is practically indistinguishable from an effective equilibrium one. In this paper we consider the Loschmidt echo (LE) to study this sort of unitary equilibration after a quench. We draw several conclusions on general grounds and on the basis of an exactly solvable example of a quasifree system. In particular we focus on the whole probability distribution of observing a given value of the LE after waiting a long time. Depending on the interplay between the initial state and the quench Hamiltonian, we find different regimes reflecting different equilibration dynamics. When the perturbation is small and the system is away from criticality the probability distribution is Gaussian. However close to criticality the distribution function approaches a double-peaked, universal form.