Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Generation of Evolving Plate Boundaries and Toroidal Flow From Visco‐Plastic Damage‐Rheology Mantle Convection and Continents

Earth's style of planetary heat transport is characterized by plate tectonics which requires rock strength to be reduced plastically in order to break an otherwise stagnant lithospheric lid, and for rocks to have a memory of past deformation to account for strain localization and the hysteresis implied by geological sutures. Here, we explore ∼107 Rayleigh number, visco‐plastic, 3‐D global mantle convection with damage. We show that oceanic lithosphere‐only models generate strong toroidal‐poloidal power ratios and features such as a mix of long‐wavelength tectonic motions and smaller‐scale, back‐arc tectonics driven by downwellings. Undulating divergent plate boundaries can evolve to form overlapping spreading centers and microplates, promoted and perhaps stabilized by the effects of damage with long memory. The inclusion of continental rafts enhances heat flux variability and toroidal flow, including net rotation of the lithosphere, to a level seen in plate reconstructions for the Cenozoic. Both the super‐continental cycle and local rheological descriptions affect heat transport and tectonic deformation across a range of scales, and we showcase both general tectonic dynamics and regionally applied continental breakup scenarios. Our work points toward avenues for renewed analysis of the typical, mean behavior as well as the evolution of fluctuations in geological and model plate boundary evolution scenarios.
OneProvenance: Efficient Extraction of Dynamic Coarse-Grained Provenance from Database Logs

Provenance encodes information that connects datasets, their generation workflows, and associated metadata (e.g., who or when executed a query). As such, it is instrumental for a wide range of critical applications, including governance, observability, and auditing. Unfortunately, in the context of database systems, extracting meaningful coarse-grained provenance is a long-standing problem due to the complexity and sheer volume of database workflows. Provenance extraction from query event logs has been recently proposed as favorable because, in principle, can result in meaningful provenance graphs for provenance applications. Current approaches, however, (a) add substantial overhead to the database and provenance extraction workflows and (b) extract provenance that is noisy, omits query execution dependencies, and is not rich enough to support upstream applications. To address these problems, we introduce O NE P ROVENANCE : an engine for efficient extraction of meaningful coarse-grained provenance from query event logs. O NE P ROVE - NANCE addresses the unique challenges of log-based extraction by (a) identifying query execution dependencies through efficient log analysis, (b) extracting provenance through novel event transformations that account for query dependencies, and (c) introducing effective filtering and compression optimizations. Our thorough experimental analysis shows that O NE P ROVENANCE can improve
Educating the Masses: Human Attitudes Affecting Reef Health

About two thirds of the world’s population lives within 60 km of a coastline, however many members of the public do not recognize the importance of the nearby coral reef ecosystems. Although reef degradation is currently occurring at alarming rates, there is hope for the future of coral reef health. It is proven that humans have a large effect on the current health of coral reefs. This thesis aims to determine how marine scientists and educators can best influence the general public to affect behaviors to improve reef health. To do this involves taking analyzing the many effects of human attitudes and behaviors on reefs. First, we study major approaches used by contemporary marine scientists to educate the broader public about marine ecology and reef degradation issues in particular. We will identify those initiatives and methods which show the most promise for altering human behaviors which threaten reef health. Secondly, we aim to define “populations of educational interest” by examining census data and other literature, which lead educators to determine important audiences that need to be educated. Thirdly, we will determine which behaviors and attitudes will have the largest effects on reef health. Based on current research, a digraph (directed graph) was created to model the influences that different attitudes have on different measures of reef health. The digraph model was then translated into a mathematical model which simulates a pulse process to show the effect of changes in this model. Three scenarios were developed. Influencing the general public to decrease their emission of greenhouse gasses would have positive effects on fish density, coral cover, reef framework and diversity. Human population itself was an important factor affecting reef health, and with changes in attitudes, if population decreases, reef health could be improved. Also, increasing education to influence the effect that boaters and divers have on physical damage would positively impact all reef health indicators. Information gained from the model, as well as the information gained from determining the “populations of interest” and furthering current educational outreach has the potential to allow educators better framing of future reef programs as well as alter aspects of current programs in order to obtain maximum results in behavior and attitude change, resulting in positive effects on reef health for the future.
PBX3 promotes pentose phosphate pathway and colorectal cancer progression by enhancing G6PD expression

Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancers crucial for fulfilling the needs of energy, building blocks, and antioxidants to support tumor cells' rapid proliferation and to cope with the harsh microenvironment. Pre-B-cell leukemia transcription factor 3 (PBX3) is a member of the PBX family whose expression is up-regulated in various tumors, however, whether it is involved in tumor cell metabolic reprogramming remains unclear. Herein, we report that PBX3 is a positive regulator of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the rate-limiting enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). PBX3 promoted G6PD transcriptional activity in tumor cells by binding directly to its promoter, leading to PPP stimulation and enhancing the production of nucleotides and NADPH, a crucial reductant, thereby promoting nucleic acid and lipid biosynthesis while decreasing intracellular reactive oxygen species levels. The PBX3/G6PD axis also promoted tumorigenic potential in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, these findings reveal a novel function of PBX3 as a regulator of G6PD, linking its oncogenic activity with tumor cell metabolic reprogramming, especially PPP. Furthermore, our results suggested that PBX3 is a potential target for metabolic-based anti-tumor therapeutic strategies.
INTERFIRM RELATIONSHIPS AND BUSINESS PERFORMANCE

We organized business associations for the owner-managers of young Chinese firms to study the effect of business networks on firm performance. We randomized 2,820 firms into small groups whose managers held monthly meetings for one year, and into a “no-meetings” control group. We find the following. (i) The meetings increased firm revenue by 8.1%, and also significantly increased profit, factors, inputs, the number of partners, borrowing, and a management score. (ii) These effects persisted one year after the conclusion of the meetings. (iii) Firms randomized to have better peers exhibited higher growth. We exploit additional interventions to document concrete channels. (iv) Managers shared exogenous business-relevant information, particularly when they were not competitors, showing that the meetings facilitated learning from peers. (v) Managers created more business partnerships in the regular than in other one-time meetings, showing that the meetings improved supplier-client matching. JEL Codes: D22, O12, O14, L14.
CO 2 Utilization under Intermittent Electricity Supply: Sorption Enhanced DME Synthesis with an Integrated RSOC Process

The restructuring of the chemical industry towards the use of CO 2 and intermittent, renewable energy sources poses a significant challenge for chemical engineers. Based on a systematic screening of current carbon-based chemical processes, we identify a promising combined reversible solid oxide cell (RSOC) and sorption-enhanced DME synthesis (SEDMES) process which produces dimethyl ether from captured CO 2 and wind-generated electricity. Existing flowsheet alternatives are researched and a novel process design is proposed and simulated using Aspen Plus ® and MATLAB ® . The optimization is divided into a design and a demand side management problem, solved by a genetic algorithm and the linear programming solver CPLEX, to determine the optimal operation and optimal production regime dependent on dynamic renewable electricity availability and price. The thermodynamic, economic, and ecological performance is assessed and compared to a selected fossil based state-of-the-art and biomass based state-of-research DME process. Thermodynamically, the RSOC/SEDMES process outperforms the exergetic efficiency of the state-of-the-art (37 . 7 %) and state-of-research (50 . 8 %) process with an exergetic efficiency of 53 . 2 %. The necessary product break-even price of 2 . 14 e / kg DME is approximately five times larger than for the fossil based state-of-the-art process (0 . 4 e / kg DME ), but is more economically viable than the state-of-research process (2 . 64 e / kg DME ). Emitted greenhouse gases calculated via a cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) using the GREET ® database of − 1 . 973 kg CO 2 eq /kg DME is comparable with the state-of-research process ( − 1 . 813 kg CO 2 eq /kg DME )
Thermodynamics and fluctuations of small machines

Small machines -- like molecular motors or active particles -- operate in highly fluctuating environments that affect their efficiency and power. This thesis aims at describing small machines using stochastic thermodynamics and large deviation theory. By relating mean currents to thermodynamic forces, locally first and then at the global level, we introduce the non-equilibrium conductance matrix that generalizes the Onsager matrix for stationary non-equilibrium systems. We use it to bound machine efficiency by a universal function depending only on the degree of coupling between input and output currents and to find new general power-efficiency trade-offs. On the fluctuations side, the non-equilibrium conductance matrix can be used to find a quadratic bound on the large deviation function of currents. This enables to revisit the fluctuation-dissipation theorem as an inequality when dealing with far-from-equilibrium systems, but also to derive bounds on the efficiency large deviation function. Finally, we study the effects of ergodicity breaking on the fluctuations of observables like activity, currents or efficiency. In particular, we derive the efficiency large deviation function for a model of interacting nanomachines, for which tight coupling and ergodicity breaking emerge in the thermodynamic limit.
Etude d'expériences américaines et européennes de diffusion électronique d'information gouvernementale

Cet article rapporte les resultats d’une etude menee en 1991-1992 sur l’experience de diffusion electronique de l’information gouvernementale aux Etats-Unis, en France, en Grande-Bretagne et en Norvege. Le contexte de la diffusion electronique de l’information gouvernementale dans ces pays est decrit, ainsi que la methodologie utilisee. Les resultats presentes concernent le droit d’auteur, les objectifs de diffusion, les ententes negociees avec les diffuseurs, les etudes de marche et les clienteles visees et finalement la promotion. L’etude degage sept facteurs juges les plus importants dans la diffusion electronique d’une base de donnees provenant d’un gouvernement.
Small Differences That Matter: Labor Markets and Income Maintenance in Canada and the United States

Acknowledgments Introduction David Card Richard B. Freeman 1. Immigration Policy, National Origin, And Immigrant Skills: A Comparison Of Canada And The United States, George J. Borjas 2. Skill Differentials In Canada In An Era Of Rising Labor Market Inequality, Richard B. Freeman, Karen Needels 3. Unions And Wage Inequality In Canada And In The United States, Thomas Lemieux 4. Unionization In Canada And The United States: A Tale Of Two Countries, W. Craig Riddell 5. A Comparative Analysis Of Unemployment In Canada And The United States, David Card, W. Craig Riddell 6. Responding To Need: A Comparison Of Social Safety Nets In The United States And Canada, Rebecca M. Blank, Maria J. Hanratty 7. The Distribution Of Family Income: Measuring And Explaining Changes In The 1980s For Canada And The United States, Mckinley L. Blackburn, David E. Bloom
CP2Image: Generating high-quality single-cell images using CellProfiler representations

Single-cell high-throughput microscopy images contain key biological information underlying normal and pathological cellular processes. Image-based analysis and profiling are powerful and promising for extracting this information but are made difficult due to substantial complexity and heterogeneity in cellular phenotype. Hand-crafted methods and machine learning models are popular ways to extract cell image information. Representations extracted via machine learning models, which often exhibit good reconstruction performance, lack biological interpretability. Hand-crafted representations, on the contrary, have clear biological meanings and thus are interpretable. Whether these hand-crafted representations can also generate realistic images is not clear. In this paper, we propose a CellProfiler to image (CP2Image) model that can directly generate realistic cell images from CellProfiler representations. We also demonstrate most biological information encoded in the CellProfiler representations is well-preserved in the generating process. This is the first time hand-crafted representations be shown to have generative ability and provide researchers with an intuitive way for their further analysis.
Geology of Egypt and Libya

Preface Acknowledgements Part 1: Tectonic framework of Egypt and Libya *1. Introduction Part 2: Nubian-African Shield *2. Nubian-African Shield Part 3: Phanerozoic geology of Egypt *3. Introduction *4. Paleozoic *5. Mesozoic *6. Succession across the Maastrichtian-tertiary boundary *7. Tertiary *8. Tertiary-Quaternary Part 4: Phanerozoic geology of Libya *9. Introduction *10. Paleozoic *11. Mesozoic *12. Tertiary *13. Quaternary Part 5: Phanerozoic geological history *14. Introduction *15. Phanerozoic *16. Lower megasequence *17. Middle megasequence *18. Upper megasequence References Subject index.
Framework and Potential Implementations of Urban Sound Cartography

The objective of this survey is to attach importance and attention to the acoustic geography of cities and to analyze the spatial reference of urban sounds. This approach encompasses both current environmental noise policies and common soundscape research. In this context it is necessary to create an appropriate and effective instrument to document and communicate spatial components and references of urban sounds. In order to accentuate and display the spatiality of city acoustics, methods of traditional, digital and multimedia cartography as well as the integration of characteristic audio sequences in common 3D city models (auralization) are intended to be incorporated into the urban sound cartography, underlying the overall concept of audio cartography. Methodically, audio cartography enriches and increases knowledge in the fields of geovisualization and visual analytics. Some of these prototype concepts and visualization layouts will be introduced in the following.
Growth, Age Estimation and Preliminary Estimates of Longevity and Mortality in the Moses Perch, Lutjanus russelli (Indian Ocean form), from Continental Shelf Waters off North-Western Australia

Moses perch, Lutjanus russelli were sampled in continental shelf waters off the Pilbara coast of North-Western Australia from July 1997 to September 1999. Ages were determined by examining the thin transverse sections of their sagittal otoliths and were based on counts of alternating opaque and translucent zones (annual growth increments). Otolith length and breadth (width) increased linearly with fish length, whereas otolith weight was strongly correlated with fish age. The continuous growth of the otoliths provides additional evidence that the opaque and translucent zones used to estimate age in this study are formed on a yearly basis. Growth was rapid during the first 5 years of life, after which growth in length was much reduced. No significant differential growth between the sexes was evident in observed length-at-age. Parameters of the von Bertalanffy growth curve (fork length-at-age) were L ¥ = 330.1, K = 0.347 and t 0 = -0.27. Preliminary estimates of longevity between sexes were similar with a maximum observed age of 21 years for male and 20 years for female. The preliminary estimate of the annual instantaneous rate of natural mortality (M) was 0.152. The life history characteristics of L. russelli indicate that this species is potentially vulnerable to overfishing despite its small size. The existing fisheries management arrangements and control mechanisms within the trap, line and trawl fisheries of North-Western Australia are likely to maintain adequate levels of the spawning stock biomass of these fish as long as each fishing sector does not expand beyond current boundaries.
The effect of perceived mobility necessity in the choice of departure time

Departure time choice plays a crucial role in addressing the problem of urban congestion. Since the work of Small (1982), many studies have shown that travelers trade-off between travel time and scheduling delay and that travel time variability also plays an important role because uncertainty is likely to affect the choice of departure time. However departure time choice is also related to the full daily activity pattern, such as a restriction or a preference in one activity may form restrictions in the flexibility of other activities and thereby affect the preference for the related departure time. In this paper the authors investigate how the latent effect of the perceived mobility necessities affects the choice of departure time. A stated choice experiment collected among workers who commute to Copenhagen center is used to estimate hybrid choice models where the discrete choice of departing before or later than the current trip depends on the latent construct of the perceived mobility necessities. Results show that individuals who perceive they have high mobility necessity tend to prefer the current departure time, and in particular dislike departing later. However the latent variables account also partially for panel effect across choice tasks.
Historical fluctuation in spawning of anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) and sardine (Sardina pilchardus) in the Bay of Biscay from 1967 to 2004

The spatial extent of small pelagic fish spawning habitat is influenced by environmental factors (biotic and abiotic) and by the state of the adult population, and in return affects recruitment and therefore the future structure of adult population. Hence it is necessary to describe interannual variability of spawning habitats and to characterise long term changes in the spatial distribution of eggs of small pelagic fish. This study describes the evolution of spatial distribution of eggs of two commercial species in the Bay of Biscay: anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) and sardine (Sardina pilchardus). Fish eggs data were collected in the Bay of Biscay from 1967 to 1972, and from 2000 to 2004. Using geostatistical analyses, spatial distribution of anchovy and sardine eggs are analysed for each survey. Maps of probability of egg presence are generated. This allows to determine realised spawning habitats for the two periods of study, and to define persistent spawning areas, occasional spawning areas, and unfavourable spawning areas The interannual and interdecadal variability of the spatial distribution of anchovy and sardine eggs is characterised. Sardine spawning habitat is fragmented and appears spatially limited by the presence of the cold pool and confined to coastal or shelf break refuge area in years of restricted spawning extent. Anchovy persistent spawning habitat occur in Gironde and Adour estuaries, which constitute refuges, but can extend offshore in years of more intense spawning. For both species, the mean pattern of spawning has changed between 1967-72 and 2000-04. Particularly anchovy population which expended northward. This trend is possibly a result of changes in environmental conditions. Further investigation on potential spawning habitat will permit the assessment of the impact of oceanographic conditions in the Bay of Biscay and of future climate change on the spatial spawning dynamics of anchovy and sardine.
Allergic fungal sinusitis: radiological and microbiological features of 59 cases

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) is a relatively newly recognized entity consisting of a pansinusitis with allergic mucinous infiltrates in all involved sinuses. Historically mistaken for a paranasal sinus tumor, AFS is believed to be an allergic reaction to aerolized environmental fungi, usually of dematiaceous and Aspergillus species, in an immunocompetent host. We determined the occurrence of AFS in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) to identify accurate preoperative parameters for AFS, as well as to identify the common fungi causing AFS in Saudi Arabia. METHODS We conducted a retrospective chart review of 406 cases of CRS undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery from 2001 to 2005. Data regarding patient demographics, presenting symptoms, ENT examination, laboratory and radiological features, histopathological features and fungal culture was collected and analyzed. RESULTS Fungal cultures were positive in 69 (16.9%) cases of CRS. Based on radiological features, histopathologic findings and culture results, AFS was diagnosed in 59 (14.5%) cases. Nasal polyposis was present in 56 (94.9%) cases; multiple sinuses were affected in all cases. Aspergillus species was the commonest causative fungal pathogen, being isolated in 40 (67.8%) cases, whereas dematiaceous fungi were isolated in 19 (32.2%) cases. CONCLUSIONS AFS has been an underdiagnosed clinical entity. Only increased awareness among physicians of fungal involvement will increase accuracy of diagnosis.
Odontoid Fractures: Update on Management

Abstract Recognition of the incidence of odontoid fractures as well as the associated morbidity and unexpectedly high mortality rates has prompted significant changes in the management of these fractures in the past decade. Nonsurgical management of type II odontoid fracture has historically been associated with a high nonunion rate. Thus, new classification systems have been devised to identify patients who might benefit from early surgical treatment. The decision‐making process is particularly difficult when treating elderly patients. Increased familiarity with anterior and posterior surgical techniques has led to more aggressive treatment of odontoid fracture, with the intent of hastening functional rehabilitation. However, these clinical decisions have been associated with a significant rate of complications. The treatment algorithm for odontoid fractures continues to evolve based on the improved understanding of, and evidence‐based literature on, anterior screw fixation, posterior spinal fusion, and halo‐vest immobilization.