Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A ten element sequentially fed sub-array for circular polarization links in C-band

This paper presents a pentagonal array composed of ten elements for operation at 5.8 GHz. The proposed device operates in circular polarization exploiting the sequential rotation architecture applied to five pair of disc-based patch elements. A pentagonal sub-array is well-suited to be packed in icosahedral arrangement, which in turn is the ideal shape for smart antennas with wide angle spatial coverage. A single layer via-less prototype is simulated on a FR408 substrate. A realized gain up to 11.6dBi with a polarization purity exceeding 30 dB at 5.8 GHz is observed.
Design of a 9 GHz Four-Beam Antenna Array Fed by a Butler Matrix

A 9 GHz four beam antenna array fed by a Butler matrix is designed, fabricated and measured. Two 4×4 Butler matrices are addressed and compared in this work: (1) with and (2) without crossovers. It has been shown that this latter presents the best performances in terms of losses and complexity. The fabricated prototype (without crossovers) connected to four patch antennas exhibits good performance and allows the forming of four orthogonal uniform beams (at −46°, + 16°, −18° and +45°) with an effective coverage of 91°.
Transmit Antenna Selection for Full-Duplex Spatial Modulation Based on Machine Learning

In this paper, we first derive the channel capacity of the full-duplex spatial modulation (FD-SM) system and its upper and lower bounds. Furthermore, different from the traditional optimization-driven decision, we use the data-driven prediction method to solve the transmit antenna selection (TAS) problem in the FD-SM system. Specifically, two novel TAS methods based on the support vector machine (SVM) and deep neural network (DNN) are proposed for reducing the effect of residual self-interference (RSI) on the FD-SM system performance. In our design, we propose a novel feature extraction method based on the principal component analysis (PCA) to help the proposed classifiers improve training. Our simulation results show that our data-driven TAS schemes can approach the optimal performance achieved by exhaustive search while significantly reducing complexity.
Postpartum Metabolic Outcomes and Related Factors in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus History

Department of Internal Medicine, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaraş, TURKEY *Clinic of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Liv Hospital, Gaziantep, TURKEY **Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaraş, TURKEY ***Clinic of Internal Medicine, Afşin State Hospital, Kahramanmaraş, TURKEY Original Article Turk J Endocrinol Metab. 2021;25:295-305
SKIN DISEASE IMAGE RECOGNITION USING DEEP LEARNING TECHNIQUES

In the field of medicine the skin disease is one of the most common disease. The skin disease detection is a real world problem. It is a problem that’s global & while technology has been incorporated into areas like cancer recognition. Skin cancer (Melanoma) also called maligant melanoma is one of the most deadly disease. As a non-trauma skin imaging technique, dermoscopy is wide spread used in the identification of the melanoma. The use of deep learning methods of skin disease image recognition is great significance. The main application of deep learning in skin disease recognition is skin disease classification. Here SVM is used for classification of malignant and benign lesions.The project basically tries to extract image from a huge data set with constraints using MATLAB coding. To find the desired result in minimum time. Index Terms Support Vector Machines (SVM), Melanoma, Deep learning, Dermoscopy, Benign and Malignant.
Mössbauer experiments in a rotating system and physical interpretation of their results

We discuss the results of modern Mössbauer experiments in a rotating system, which show the presence of an extra energy shift between the emitted and absorbed resonant radiation in addition to the relativistic energy shift of the resonant lines due to the time dilation effect in the co-rotating source and absorber with different radial coordinates. We analyse the available attempts to explain the origin of the extra energy shift, which include some extensions of special theory of relativity with hypothesis about the existence of limited acceleration in nature, with hypothesis about a so-called «time-dependent Doppler effect», as well as in the framework of the general theory of relativity under re-analysis of the metric effects in the rotating system, which is focused to the problem of correct synchronisation of clocks in a rotating system with a laboratory clock. We show that all such attempts remain unsuccessful until the moment, and we indicate possible ways of solving this problem, which should combine metric effects in rotating systems with quantum mechanical description of resonant nuclei confined in crystal cells.
CONGESTION CONTROL TECHNIQUES AND PRINCIPLES IN COMPUTER NETWORKS: A SURVEY

Congestion control is one of the most important concerns in computer networks. There is a chance of inefficient usages of resources, possibly leading to network collapse if we do not use the proper congestion control algorithm. Therefore congestion control is an effort to readjust the performance of a network to fluctuations in the traffic load without adversely affecting user’s perceived service quality. Computer networks are presently dominated by pure end-to-end feedback or implicit feedback congestion control. This approach has worked admirably but the networks are evolving and the traffic mix and amount has increased tremendously with the advent of multimedia applications in the Internet. Hence explicit help from within the network like switches or routers is crucial especially during congestion time. Active queue management (AQM) is a method which hand over congestion feedback from routers to end users. Explicit congestion notification (ECN) is an alternate approach which is more efficient because it does not have scalability problem. But the use of wireless devices in computer network have given interest to look for some methods related with explicit rate feedback. Explicit rate feedback congestion control can be made to scale if correct rate-calculation techniques is defined and used.
Automatic Detection of Microaneurysms in Retinal Images for Diabetic Retinopathy

Eliminating false detection on blood vessels in the detection of lesions in the retina is a tedious task in the screening process of Diabetic Retinopathy(DR). In this study, an integrated approach is proposed for the automatic detection of the lesion in retina, namely Microaneurysms(MAs) with diverse feature extraction producing a high accuracy. Preprocessing of the retinal image is done to correct the non-uniform illumination and improve the contrast of the candidate region. Then the initial set of candidate regions where MAs and are likely to exist are obtained using morphological operations. To eliminate the false detection of blood vessels diverse features are extracted from the candidate detection output. the features are fed to an ensemble classifier which classifies the response of multiple weakly trained classification trees to produce a highly accurate output.
Evaluation of Medicinal uses, Phytochemistry and Biological Activities of Adenia gummifera

Adenia gummifera (Harv.) Harms is a climber or liane widely used as traditional medicine throughout its distributional range in tropical Africa. Adenia gummifera occurs naturally in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Eswatini, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe. This study is aimed at providing a critical review of the medicinal uses, phytochemistry and biological activities of A. gummifera. Documented information on the medicinal uses, phytochemistry and biological activities of A. gummifera was collected from several online sources, which included Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed and Science Direct. Additional information was gathered from pre-electronic sources such as book chapters, books, journal articles and scientific publications sourced from the university library. This study showed that the species is widely used as an emetic and a protective charm, and, as traditional medicine for infertility, sexually transmitted infections, gastro-intestinal infections, leprosy, respiratory infections, malaria and menstrual problems. Phytochemical compounds identified from the species include polyacetylenic diepoxide, alkaloids, flavonoids, flavonol, modeccin, proanthocyanidins, tetraphyllin, phenolics, polyphenol and tannins. Pharmacological research revealed that A. gummifera extracts and compounds isolated from the species have antibacterial, antifungal, acetylcholinesterase inhibitory (AChEI), anaesthetic, antioxidant, antiplasmodial and cytotoxicity activities. Future research on A. gummifera should focus on detailed phytochemical evaluations including toxicological, in vivo and clinical studies to corroborate the traditional medical applications of the species.
Effectiveness of Sofosbuvir and Daclatasvir in treatment of Hepatitis-C: An experience of tertiary care hospital in Karachi

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of Sofosbuvir (SOF) and Daclatasvir (DCV) in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC), compensated cirrhosis (CC) and decompensated cirrhosis (DCLD) either treatment naïve or experienced. Methods: This was a prospective, observational study, conducted from January 2017 to December 2018 at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi. All patients above 12 years of age with detectable HCV RNA PCR were included. Patients were divided into three groups: CHC, CC and DCLD. SOF and DCV for 12 or 24 weeks were given. Ribavirin (RBV) was given to treatment experienced and cirrhotic patients. Primary outcome was End of Treatment Response (ETR) and secondary outcome was Sustained Virological Response (SVR) at post treatment week 12 or 24. Results: Total 300 patients with mean age of 40.49 ± 13.86 were enrolled. Majority were females 174 (58%). CHC were 200 (66.6%) while cirrhotic were 100 (33.4%). Treatment naïve patients were 267 (89%) and 33 (11%) patients were experienced. Most common genotype was 3 (83%). ETR was achieved in 292 (97.33%) and SVR in 265 (88.33%) patients respectively. Conclusion: SOF plus DCV with or without RBV is a highly effective treatment for chronic HCV and is still used in many centers of Pakistan. This regimen has excellent results for GT-3. The outcomes are mainly influenced by the presence or absence of cirrhosis.
Progress in Emerging Contaminants Removal by Adsorption/Membrane Filtration-Based Technologies: A Review

This paper discussed the removal and the remediation of emerging contaminants (ECs) in water using adsorption and membrane filtration as a single and hybrid system. The classifications, sources, effects, detection techniques, and available technologies for ECs removal were discussed. Next, an overview of both adsorption and membrane filtration processes in terms of materials, separation mechanisms, factors affecting their performances, and their applications for ECs removals was provided. It was followed by a comprehensive review of the combination of the membrane and the adsorption processes with other physical, chemical, or biological treatments. Finally, progress in research on a hybrid system between membrane filtration and adsorption was discussed. The combination included adsorption as the pre-treatment, integrated adsorption/membrane filtration system, or adsorption as the post-treatment. Generally, the hybrid systems showed improved performance than a single system. Nonetheless, further studies are recommended for applications of those systems on a wide range of ECs removals and the scale-up issue.
Manufacturing Organizations

One of the most cOlnmon changes of strategy occurring in manufacturing organizations today is a new 'emphasis on product quality. When the mission of improved quality is operationalized, it involves the setting of quality improvement objectives and the design of programs to implement the ne\-\' strategy. One of the most popular programs for implernent.ing improved product quality is statistical process control (SPC) (2). SPC esta blishes current levels of quality variance in each st.age of the manufacturing process in order to provide a basis for formulating improvement objectives. Then, continued measurernents of quality variances are made to motivate and insure quality improvement through reduced variance a.t each stage in the process. Thus, SPC is used to formulate quality improvement objectives and to implernent the quality improvement strategy, as well as to evaluate and control strategy implementation. The implementation of a strategy of improved product quality using SP(; provides a. uniquely useful opportunity to study the complete strategy implementation process. Th:e organizations in this study are all involved in the manufacture of components for the automobile industry and are all pursuing a strategy of improved product quality. They are implementing that strategy using statistical process control. The purpose of the study "vas to see whether managers in different types of organizations use different mechanisms to implement the new quality strategy.
Diaphragmatic Rupture With Left Colon and Spleen Herniation and Small Intestine Injury After Blunt Trauma

Traumatic Diaphragmatic Rupture (TDR) is a rare type of trauma. Small intestine injuries are the third most common type of injury resulting from blunt trauma to abdominal organs. The immediate diagnosis of TDR and bowel injuries is a daunting task. We reported a 53-year-old male patient who was transferred to the hospital by EMS because of a car accident. The chest X-ray showed the left diaphragm elevation. Also, a computed tomography scan revealed that the greater omentum, a portion of the colon, spleen, and stomach were transposed in the hemithorax through a diaphragm rupture. The patient underwent laparotomy and the incidental findings in laparotomy showed bowel injuries. This case was a common cause of traumatic left-sided diaphragmatic rupture and intestinal injury. The suspicion of diaphragmatic rupture and intestinal injury in a patient with multiple traumas contributes to early diagnosis. Surgical repair remains the only treatment for diaphragmatic rupture. The severe injury in a part of the intestine may result in the resection of that part.
IL-1β and IL-10: diagnostic and prognostic potential of cytokines in the assessment of progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with hypertension

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects about a quarter of the world's population and it is closely linked to hypertension (HT). Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines play a key role in the pathology progression, and the search for non-invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis of NAFLD remains an important issue. The aim of the study was to determine the diagnostic and prognostic value of IL-1β and IL-10 in assessing the progression of liver parenchyma changes in patients with NAFLD and HT comorbidity. Materials and methods. A study of 115 patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) was performed. The main group consisted of 63 patients with NASH and HT, 52 patients with isolated NAFLD represented the comparison group. Clinical and laboratory parameters were evaluated, IL-10 and IL-1β levels were measured by ELISA method, ultrasound steatometry and elastography were performed in all patients. Results. The attenuation coefficient and median liver stiffness in NAFLD and HT group significantly exceeded the results in the isolated NAFLD group and in the control group. The IL-1β level in NAFLD and HT group was 17.55 pg/ml, and in isolated NAFLD group the indicator averaged 15.72 pg/ml, which exceeded the control values (8.26 pg/ml). IL-10 level was 12.69 pg/ml and 14.34 pg/ml in patients with comorbid and isolated NAFLD, respectively, while control results averaged 16.19 pg/ml. It were found strong relationship between IL-1β, IL-10 and CRP levels in patients with NAFLD and HT (r=0.61, p=0.024, and r=-0.69, p=0.036, respectively). Inverse correlations were also found between the cytokines IL-1β and IL-10 in NAFLD patients with and without HT (r=-0.61, p<0.001, and r=-0.57, p<0.001, respectively). Changes in the cytokine status of patients with NAFLD at different stages of steatosis and liver fibrosis had been identified. Conclusions. The presence of concomitant HT in patients with NAFLD is associated with greater severity of liver parenchyma changes. NAFLD manifestation is accompanied by increase of IL-1β and decrease of IL-10 levels, and deepening of these deviations were found in patients with comorbidity of NAFLD and HT. Interleukins IL-1β and IL-10 can be defined as biomarkers of NAFLD progression both in its isolated course and in its comorbidity with HT. The possibility of using biomarkers as an independent non-invasive test of diagnosing NAFLD requires further study.
The prospects for NT-pro BNP level determining in physical activity conditions in patients during the rehabilitation period after the myocardial infarction, complicated with decompensated heart failure

The aim of the study was to determine the futility of NT-pro BNP level analysis during dosed physical exercise for diagnosing decompensated HF in the postinfarction period and the possibility to determine the HF functional class. Materials and methods. 160 patients with previous MI were examined, patients’ average age was (56.67±5.72) years. The patients were randomized in 2 groups dependently on the presence of the signs of II А-B according to V. Kh. Vasylenko and M. D. Strazhesko classification and FC III-IV (according to NYHA) decompensated chronic HF. Group I consisted of 120 patients with Q-QS and non-Q MI; group II (the control one) had 40 patients with MI without signs of decompensated HF; 20 healthy people made up a norm group. Results. Signs of coronary insufficiency such as dizziness and signs of poor peripheral perfusion (cyanosis/paleness) occurred in 104 (86.7 %) and 79 (65.8 %) cases that differ from the same values in the second group 4 (10.0 %) and 14 (35.0 %) respectively. 88 (73.3 %) patients with the signs of decompensated HF felt general weakness, fatigue, and expressed a request to stop the test. The HR in the postinfarction patients with the signs of decompensated HF was before the exercise (88.2±3.18) bpm (p≤0.05); in the patients with past MI without the signs of decompensated HF, it was (75.32±3.41) bpm (p≤0.05); and in the practically healthy people, it was (77.73±3.02) bpm. We found out a reverse moderate correlation between the distances that had been covered by a patient during the 6MWT NT-proBNP level in blood serum of examined patients. Conclusions. Inadequate response to dosed physical exercises and increased immunological parameters as quantitative HF markers could be useful not only for diagnostics, but also for the risk stratification for decompensated HF that had occurred in patients on different rehabilitation stages after an acute MI.
Optimizing global injectivity for constrained parameterization

Injective parameterizations of triangulated meshes are critical across applications but remain challenging to compute. Existing algorithms to find injectivity either require initialization from an injective starting state, which is currently only possible without positional constraints, or else can only prevent triangle inversion, which is insufficient to ensure injectivity. Here we present, to our knowledge, the first algorithm for recovering a globally injective parameterization from an arbitrary non-injective initial mesh subject to stationary constraints. These initial meshes can be inverted, wound about interior vertices and/or overlapping. Our algorithm in turn enables globally injective mapping for meshes with arbitrary positional constraints. Our key contribution is a new energy, called smooth excess area (SEA), that measures non-injectivity in a map. This energy is well-defined across both injective and non-injective maps and is smooth almost everywhere, making it readily minimizable using standard gradient-based solvers starting from a non-injective initial state. Importantly, we show that maps minimizing SEA are guaranteed to be locally injective and almost globally injective, in the sense that the overlapping area can be made arbitrarily small. Analyzing SEA's behavior over a new benchmark set designed to test injective mapping, we find that optimizing SEA successfully recovers globally injective maps for 85% of the benchmark and obtains locally injective maps for 90%. In contrast, state-of-the-art methods for removing triangle inversion obtain locally injective maps for less than 6% of the benchmark, and achieve global injectivity (largely by chance as prior methods are not designed to recover it) on less than 4%.
Changes in the Black-White Wage Gap – the Role of Selection Revisited

This paper examines the extent to which non-random selection in labor market affects assessing the black-white wage difference by applying a longitudinal method of imputing wages for nonworkers. Since fixed effects are crucial in determining the wages of nonworkers, the cross-sectional methods of controlling only on observables understate the impact of selection. Using the Panel Study of Income Dynamic (PSID) 1970 2000 data, I find that the selective bias can explain 40 percent of the observed change in the black-white wage gap over 1970-2000. JEL Classification: J22, J21, C2 ∗Author’s Email Address: ychen@imf.org I am grateful to Peter Gottschalk, Author Lewbel, Donald Cox, Shang-jin Wei and all participants in the seminar at Boston College Economics Department for helpful guidance and comments. All errors are mine.
Profiling Tourist Expenditure on Street Food: A Study on Penang

Tourism has been one of the main contributing sectors in the development of Penang. Being a UNESCO World Heritage site, Penang is well known among tourists for its street food. This study aims to examine the factors that determine tourist expenditure on Penang Street Food. A survey was conducted among 506 tourists at the Penang International Airport and the Tobit model was used to identify the empirical relationship. Based on the findings, tourists in the 60 yearsabove age group, repeat visitor, purpose, length of stay, travel companion and travel planning showed significant relationships with tourist expenditures. Overall, the findings could be pointers to help policy makers in generating effective policies by targeting the right group to develop Penang’s tourism sector in future.
UNESCO’s WORLD HERITAGE SITE KALKA

The paper determines the satisfaction levels of foreign travelers, travelling on Kalka-Shimla railway. Satisfaction is a mental condition which tells about the degree of fulfillment provided by the goods and services and this analysis provides an important insight of a traveler's intention and their loyalty. It measures how products or services supplied by a service provider meet or surpass a customer’s expectations, it helps service providers with a measure that they can use to manage and improve their services. The outcomes and discussion are based on the studies conducted among foreign travelers; with use of quantitative methods which revealed that strategic actions are required to improve services and facilities in Kalka Shimla railway.