Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dual-Prior Review-Based Matrix Factorization for Recommendation System

Many studies utilizing review information to overcome the rating data sparsity obstacle in recommender systems because its abundant information and outstanding explainability. These methods consider reviews as attributes for users and items. They using aggregated review texts from a user and aggregated review texts for an item to model user and item respectively. However, on the one hand, reviews are actually a kind of interactive feature. The item-related features will be incorporated when modeling users by reviews and the same goes for modeling items. On the other hand, it’s a serious challenge for them to build accurate item features because of the reviews are from a lot of users who have different preference. The same goes for building user features with all user’s reviews. So it is more efficient to use review information to model the interaction characteristics between users and items. In this paper, we propose a collaborative filtering (CF) framework, Dual-Prior Review-based Matrix Factorization (DPRMF), a model integrates review information into probabilistic matrix factorization (PMF) model. DPRMF using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to generate the review text information vector and considering the review information a prior constraint of interaction between user and item. Extensive experiments on benchmark datasets of Amazon and Yelp on different domains show that the proposed DPRMF model consistently outperforms the state-of-the-art review-based recommendation approaches, including PMF, HFT, DeepCoNN and NARRE. In addition, we use word-level vector weights in the embedding layer of our CNN architecture, which help us visualize the reviews and interpretate our model more intuitive.
Physical and numerical modelling of particle settlement in a turbulent flow: implication for the settlement of algal propagules.

x Glossary . xii
Virus 'quasispecies': making a mountain out of a molehill?

IP: 54.70. 40.11 On: Sat, 06 Apr 2019 19:21:25 Journal of General Virology (1997), 78, 1511–1519. Printed in Great Britain .
Safety-oriented usability test of a semi-automated Unit Dose System: Role of task allocation between Human and Machine

The distribution of tasks between humans and machines in the design of healthcare systems is an important issue for patient safety. This paper presents a usability test performed to compare a semi-automated unit dose system (UDS) with the usual/manual preparation procedure for preparing and administering drugs. The results show that the UDS prevents the frequent administration errors encountered with the usual cabinets and produces a better performance in terms of time for filling the pill dispensers (6.52 sec ± 1.1 vs. 8.5 sec ± 1.5 (t(9, 16) = 3.12, p <. 007)). But the results also stress that the UDS takes entire control of the preparation and administration tasks, thus leading to a loss of control of the process by nurses (difficulties experienced by them in resuming their actions, difficulties in memorizing drugs, lack of confidence in the UDS while they "blindly" rely on it). The distribution of tasks between the nurses and the UDS should be modified to give back control to the nurses. Design suggestions were provided in this way. For instance, the UDS may guide the nurses for the drugs localization in the cabinet but leaves the validation of the drugs to the nurses.
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: current perspectives

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is the second most common malignancy arising from the liver. ICC makes up about 10% of all cholangiocarcinomas. It arises from the peripheral bile ducts within the liver parenchyma, proximal to the secondary biliary radicals. Histologically, the majority of ICCs are adenocarcinomas. Only a minority of patients (15%) present with resectable disease, with a median survival of less than 3 years. Multidisciplinary management of ICC is complicated by large differences in disease course for individual patients both across and within tumor stages. Risk models and nomograms have been developed to more accurately predict survival of individual patients based on clinical parameters. Predictive risk factors are necessary to improve patient selection for systemic treatments. Molecular differences between tumors, such as in the epidermal growth factor receptor status, are promising, but their clinical applicability should be validated. For patients with locally advanced disease, several treatment strategies are being evaluated. Both hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy with floxuridine and yttrium-90 embolization aim to downstage locally advanced ICC. Selected patients have resectable disease after downstaging, and other patients might benefit because of postponing widespread dissemination and biliary obstruction.
Review Article: High temperatures and health outcomes: A review of the literature

Aims: To analyse the relationship between high temperatures and population health impacts, in terms of mortality and morbidity. Methods: A literature search was conducted using Medline to collect data from studies on heat waves, temperature—health impacts curve, risk factors, and preventive measures. All the data collected was published in English and available up to December 2009. Results: Numerous studies carried out in Europe following the 2003 heat wave, as well as those conducted prior to this date in Europe and North America, showed an increase in heat wave-related excess mortality. Recent studies have demonstrated that a forward shift of deaths may only explain a very limited quantity of the excess mortality observed (up to 15%) during major heat waves. Moreover, the results seem to exclude that ozone acts as a confounding variable, whilst it remains a potential effect modifier. Conclusions: Future research needs to explore the consistency of results in new settings, to quantify the burden of heat-related morbidity and in particular to evaluate the effectiveness of the implemented preventive measures.
Psychometric properties of Tamil version of Impact of Event Scale for adolescents

Objective: This study validates the Tamil version of Impact of Event Scale among adolescents. Method: IES was translated into Tamil and 100 adolescents attending an adolescent clinic who had been exposed to diverse traumatic events completed the Impact of Event Scale along with the Child Behaviour Checklist. Appropriate analyses both at the item and scale levels were conducted. Results: In addition to adequate face and content validity, the scale has satisfactory internal consistency (α from 0.77 to 0.90), moderate convergent validity with CBCL‐PTSD scale (r from 0.22 to 0.29), and high discriminant validity with PTSD‐thought problem subscale (r = 0.01–0.10). Factor analysis replicated the two‐factor structure, avoidance factor (five items) and intrusion factor (three items), explaining 68.4% of variance. A threshold IES score of 17 was associated with 93% sensitivity and 85% specificity. Conclusions: The Tamil IES for adolescents has satisfactory psychometric properties and should be useful in internatio.
Intelligent Robotics - Team Four http://flaws.redsdesk.de

2 Robot Design 3 2.1 Mechanical Design . 3 2.2 Localisation . 5 2.3 Rubbish detection . 8 2.4 Classification of Objects . 12 2.5 The main control cycle . 15
Using the BioSeqClass Package

3 Function description 4 3.1 Homolog Reduction . 4 3.2 Feature Extraction and Numerical Coding . 4 3.2. 1 Biological sequences . 4 3.2. 2 Feature Coding . 5 3.3 Feature Selection . 5 3.4 Model Building and Performance Evaluation . 5
Perceptual learning modifies the functional specializations of visual cortical areas

Significance Using transcranial magnetic stimulation and functional magnetic resonance imaging techniques, we demonstrate here that the transfer of perceptual learning from a task involving coherent motion to a task involving noisy motion can induce a functional substitution of V3A (one of the visual areas in the extrastriate visual cortex) for MT+ (middle temporal/medial superior temporal cortex) to process noisy motion. This finding suggests that perceptual learning in visually normal adults shapes the functional architecture of the brain in a much more pronounced way than previously believed. The effects of perceptual learning extend far beyond the retuning of specific neural populations that mediate performance of the trained task. Learning could dramatically modify the inherent functional specializations of visual cortical areas and dynamically reweight their contributions to perceptual decisions based on their representational qualities. Training can improve performance of perceptual tasks. This phenomenon, known as perceptual learning, is strongest for the trained task and stimulus, leading to a widely accepted assumption that the associated neuronal plasticity is restricted to brain circuits that mediate performance of the trained task. Nevertheless, learning does transfer to other tasks and stimuli, implying the presence of more widespread plasticity. Here, we trained human subjects to discriminate the direction of coherent motion stimuli. The behavioral learning effect substantially transferred to noisy motion stimuli. We used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying the transfer of learning. The TMS experiment revealed dissociable, causal contributions of V3A (one of the visual areas in the extrastriate visual cortex) and MT+ (middle temporal/medial superior temporal cortex) to coherent and noisy motion processing. Surprisingly, the contribution of MT+ to noisy motion processing was replaced by V3A after perceptual training. The fMRI experiment complemented and corroborated the TMS finding. Multivariate pattern analysis showed that, before training, among visual cortical areas, coherent and noisy motion was decoded most accurately in V3A and MT+, respectively. After training, both kinds of motion were decoded most accurately in V3A. Our findings demonstrate that the effects of perceptual learning extend far beyond the retuning of specific neural populations for the trained stimuli. Learning could dramatically modify the inherent functional specializations of visual cortical areas and dynamically reweight their contributions to perceptual decisions based on their representational qualities. These neural changes might serve as the neural substrate for the transfer of perceptual learning.
Evaluation of a human patch test for the identification and classification of skin irritation potential

Current regulations require that the skin irritation/corrosion potential of new chemicals is assessed in the rabbit Draize test, although there are opportunities to use alternative methods to identify the most aggressive materials. Previously, we have proposed that it is possible la employ a strategy that avoids the use of animals and at the same time delivers a more relevant assessment of skin irritation‐corrosion potential. The approach is to identify corrosive materials in vitro and then proceed to human volunteer testing for skin irritation. In this study, the human 4‐h patch test, its interpretation, and results with 29 test materials are presented. Using 14 materials not classified as “Irritating to skin” by EU criteria. 13 classified as “Irritating to skin” by suppliers, and 2 as “Corrosive – causes burns”, it is demonstrated that, by evaluating these on human skin in vitro and in vivo, a significant proportion are either over‐classified or under‐classified. In conclusion, we are convinced that by application of the approach described in detail here, it is possible to avoid the use of animals, whilst at the name time obtaining an assessment of skin irritation/corrosion potential that is more relevant to man and which, if required, may he used directly for classification and labelling of substances and preparations within the European Union.
Pathways to psychiatric care in Ethiopia

Background Understanding the pathways to psychiatric care and recognition of delay points are crucial for the development of interventions that aim to improve access to mental health-care services. Method Over a 2-month period in 2003, a total of 1044 patients at the commencement of new episodes of care at Amanuel Specialized Mental Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia were interviewed using the encounter form that was developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the study of pathways to psychiatric care. Results The mental hospital was contacted directly by 41% of patients. The remaining patients sought care from up to four different caregivers before arriving at the psychiatric hospital. Where the initial service was not received at the psychiatric hospital, 30.9% of patients sought care from priests/holy water/church. The median delay between onset of illness and arrival at the psychiatric hospital was 38 weeks. The longest delays before arriving at the mental hospital were associated with having no formal education, joblessness, and diagnoses of epilepsy and physical conditions. Conclusions Implementing a robust referral system and establishing a strong working relationship with both traditional and modern health-care providers, as well as designing a service delivery model that targets particular segments of the population, such as those who are uneducated, jobless and/or suffer from epilepsy and somatic conditions, should be the most important strategies towards improving mental health service delivery and shortening of undue delay for patients receiving psychiatric care in Ethiopia.
Impacts of Conflicts of Interest in the Financial Services Industry

Americans are increasingly being asked to take responsibility for their own retirement security. However, many people are ill-equipped to make financial decisions and have turned to professional financial advisors for help. While financial advisors often provide valuable services, it can be difficult for individual investors to evaluate the advice they receive and to identify when it has been influenced by a conflict of interest. In this literature review, we examine if and how financial advisors are influenced by their compensation schemes and how this influence impacts retail investors' financial well-being. We find empirical evidence suggesting that financial advisors act opportunistically to the detriment of their clients. However, the current body of literature generally cannot account for selection issues and the intangible benefits financial advisors provide. In our broader review of conflicts of interest in the financial services industry, we find considerable evidence that investment analysts were excessively optimistic prior to regulation seeking to mitigate bias. There is mixed evidence on how this excessive optimism impacted investors, though the literature generally concludes that retail investors were more acutely impacted, as compared to institutional investors. We also find evidence that conflicts of interest extend to mutual fund management, with actively managed funds imposing sizeable trading costs and brokerage commissions which are not easily observed by retail investors. Regulation and disclosure are often suggested methods for reducing bias. We find evidence that regulation designed to mitigate conflicts of interest can help reduce the prevalence of biased advice, but regulation that penalizes bad advice may be less effective because bias may be unconscious. Disclosure is unlikely to be an effective strategy if employed in isolation, but may be an important part of a comprehensive mitigation strategy.
The impact of housing policies on community social disorganization and crime.

M/[Y PURPOSE IS TO EXAMINE what might be termed the "Crime Effects of Non-Crime Policies. " Crime control is often considered a policy problem only for criminal justice agencies -principally the police-or community crime prevention organizations (e.g., neighborhood watch). But while criminal justice agencies and other community groups are crucial, a broader community or structural perspective points out the roles of other federal, state, and local government sectors not directly concerned with crime. In particular, not enough attention has been paid to housing policies and how they may indirectly affect crime and the community. My interests as a researcher over the last several years have focused on community-level determinants of crime rates, many of which are related to housing policy in important respects. The question I shall addess is: Is there any evidence where noncrime policies-especially housing-have adversely affected crime or apparent causes of crime such as social disorganization? In trying to answer this complex question in a short time space, I shall focus on one of the most important factors related to serious urban crimepublic housing projects. Public housing affects all units of government from the federal to city level, and is implicated in many of the underlying causes of crime. To take but one example, the most violent neighborhood in Chicago is Wentworth, which is dominated by the Robert Taylor Homes. This project consists of 28 16-story buildings housing more than 20,000 people. But while these residents accounted for only about one half of one percent of Chicago's population in 1980, 11% of the city's murders, 9% of its rapes, and 10% of its aggravated assaults were committed in the project. ' Other projects such as Cabrini-Green in Chicago share a similar fate, as do countless projects in our nation's urban areas. Indeed, the density of multi-
The Doctor as Double Agent

American doctors in the 1990s are being asked to serve as "double agents," weighing competing allegiances to patients' medical needs against the monetary costs to society. This situation is a reaction to rapid cost increases for medical services, themselves the result of the haphazard development since the 1920s of an inherently inflationary, open-ended system for funding and delivering health care. The answer to an inefficient system, however, is not to stint on care, but rather to restructure the system to remove the inflationary pressures. As long as we are spending enormous resources on an inherently inefficient and inflationary system we cannot justify asking doctors to withhold beneficial care to save money for third-party payers. Doing so serves a largely political agenda and endangers the patient-centered ethic that is central to medicine.
Is experiential-intuitive cognitive style more inclined to err on conjunction fallacy than analytical-rational cognitive style?

In terms of prediction by Epstein's integrative theory of personality, cognitive-experiential self-theory (CEST), those people with experiential-intuitive cognitive style are more inclined to induce errors than the other people with analytical-rational cognitive style in the conjunction fallacy (two events that can occur together are seen as more likely than at least one of the two events). We tested this prediction in a revised Linda problem. The results revealed that rational and experiential cognitive styles do not statistically influence the propensity for committing the conjunction fallacy, which is contrary to the CEST's predictions. Based on the assumption that the rational vs. experiential processing is a personality trait with comparatively stabile specialities, these findings preliminarily indicate that those people who are characterized by "rational thinking" are not more inclined to use Bayes' deduction than the other people who are labeled by "intuitive thinking" or by "poor thinking. "
Age of the common ancestor of human mitochondrial DNA.

Studying the evolutionary change of the control region of human (H) and chimpanzee (C) mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs), Vigilant et al. ( 199 1) concluded that the root of the phylogenetic tree for H mtDNAs is located at a sequence from African populations and that the age of the common H ancestral mtDNA is 166,000-249,000 years. Hedges et al. ( 1992) and Templeton ( 1992) challenged the first of these conclusions, showing that valid statistical tests do not support it. In this letter, I would like to show that Vigilant et al.? second conclusion is also questionable and that, if we consider statistical errors associated with the rate of nucleotide substitution, the range of the estimate of the age becomes much wider. In the control region, transitional nucleotide substitution is known to occur at a much higher rate than does transversional substitution, and the transitional differences between the H and C mtDNAs seem to have reached a saturation level at hypervariable sites of this region (Kocher and Wilson 199 1) . Vigilant et al. therefore used information on the transversional differences between H and C and the transition/ transversion ratio obtained from H data, to calibrate the rate of nucleotide substitution. Let n be the number of transversional differences between H and C, and let R be the ratio of transitional (s) and transversional (v) substitutions observed among H sequences. [ Hasegawa and Horai ( 199 1) suggested that R may be different between H and C, but K. Tamura’s (personal communication ) detailed analysis indicates that it is essentially the same for the two species. Here I consider only H data, following Vigilant et al.] The expected total number of nucleotide substitutions between H and C can then be estimated by n +nR. So, if the total number of nucleotides examined is m, then the total number of nucleotide substitutions, per site, between H and C is given by
Molecular architecture of the DNA-binding region and its relationship to classification of basic helix-loop-helix proteins.

Multivariate statistical analyses are used to explore the molecular architecture of the DNA-binding and dimerization regions of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins. Alphabetic amino acid data are transformed to biologically meaningful quantitative values using a set of 5 multivariate "indices. " These multivariate indices summarize variation in a large suite of amino acid physiochemical attributes and reflect variability in polarity-accessibility-hydrophobicity, propensity for secondary structure, molecular size, codon composition, and electrostatic charge. Using these index score data, discriminant analyses describe the multidimensional aspects of physiochemical variation and clarify the structural basis of the prevailing evolutionary classification of bHLH proteins. A small number of amino acids from both the binding dimerization domains, when considered simultaneously, accurately distinguish the 5 known DNA-binding groups. The relevant sites often have well-documented structural and functional characteristics.
The Role of Speech Production System in Audiovisual Speech Perception

Seeing the articulatory gestures of the speaker significantly enhances speech perception. Findings from recent neuroimaging studies suggest that activation of the speech motor system during lipreading enhance speech perception by tuning, in a top-down fashion, speech-sound processing in the superior aspects of the posterior temporal lobe. Anatomically, the superior-posterior temporal lobe areas receive connections from the auditory, visual, and speech motor cortical areas. Thus, it is possible that neuronal receptive fields are shaped during development to respond to speech-sound features that coincide with visual and motor speech cues, in contrast with the anterior/lateral temporal lobe areas that might process speech sounds predominantly based on acoustic cues. The superior-posterior temporal lobe areas have also been consistently associated with auditory spatial processing. Thus, the involvement of these areas in audiovisual speech perception might partly be explained by the spatial processing requirements when associating sounds, seen articulations, and one’s own motor movements. Tentatively, it is possible that the anterior “what” and posterior “where / how” auditory cortical processing pathways are parts of an interacting network, the instantaneous state of which determines what one ultimately perceives, as potentially reflected in the dynamics of oscillatory activity.