Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
1-stable fluctuations in branching Brownian motion at critical temperature I: The derivative martingale

Let $(Z_t)_{t\geq 0}$ denote the derivative martingale of branching Brownian motion, i.e.\@ the derivative with respect to the inverse temperature of the normalized partition function at critical temperature. A well-known result by Lalley and Sellke [\textit{Ann. Probab. }, 15(3):1052--1061, 1987] says that this martingale converges almost surely to a limit $Z_\infty$, positive on the event of survival. In this paper, our concern is the fluctuations of the derivative martingale around its limit. A corollary of our results is the following convergence, confirming and strengthening a conjecture by Mueller and Munier [\textit{Phys. Rev. E}, 90:042143, 2014]: \[ \sqrt{t} \left( Z_\infty - Z_t + \frac{\log t}{\sqrt{2\pi t}} Z_\infty \right) \xrightarrow[t\to\infty]{} S_{Z_\infty}, \quad \text{in law}, \] where $S$ is a spectrally positive 1-stable Levy process independent of $Z_\infty$. In a first part of the paper, a relatively short proof of (a slightly stronger form of) this convergence is given based on the functional equation satisfied by the characteristic function of $Z_\infty$ together with tail asymptotics of this random variable. We then set up more elaborate arguments which yield a more thorough understanding of the trajectories of the particles contributing to the fluctuations. In this way, we can upgrade our convergence result to functional convergence. This approach also sets the ground for a follow-up paper, where we study the fluctuations of more general functionals including the renormalized critical additive martingale. All proofs in this paper are given under the hypothesis $E[L(\log L)^3] < \infty$, where the random variable $L$ follows the offspring distribution of the branching Brownian motion. We believe this hypothesis to be optimal.
Implementation of deep learning based semantic segmentation method to determine vegetation density

The dryness of peatlands is influenced by the density of vegetation. If peatlands are dry, they become vulnerable to a fire risk. To calculate the drought index, professionals must conduct a vegetation density analysis. However, field analysis requires vast amounts of resources. Moreover, the accuracy of the analysis based on satellite data is not adequate. Therefore, this research presents drone-captured two-dimensional image data. The object of this research is The Liang Anggang Protection Forest Block I in Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. It is surveyed for information on its vegetation cover. Afterwards, There are 300 images of vegetation cover collected and utilized in total. The method of deep learning with semantic segmentation will be used to compare the results of determining methods with expert results as ground truth. The contribution of this study is to determine the optimal performance of deep learning model used for classifying vegetation density into three categories: bare/ungrazed, lightly grazed, and heavily grazed. Performance is evaluated based on correctness and intersection over union (IoU). Obtaining the proper parameters for the classification model using deep learning techniques and comparing the results of the best segmentation model are the objectives of the following contribution. From experimental studies conducted, the optimal momentum parameter value for MobileNetV2, Xception, and Inception-ResNet-v2 is 0.9, and the optimal accuracy performance is 82.69 percent on average. The most appropriate momentum for ResNet 18 architecture is 0.1. The result of semantic segmentation using the DeepLabV3 model with Inception-ResNet-v2 architecture is the optimal model for estimating vegetation density compared to U-Net model.
IUE spectra of a flare in the RS Canum Venaticorum-type system UX Arietis

IUE spectra of UX Ari obtained during the large flare of 1979 January 1 exhibit chromospheric and transition-region emission-line fluxes about 2.5 and 5.5 times brighter than quiescent fluxes, respectively, and up to 1400 times brighter than the quiet Sun. A high-dispersion spectrum of the 2000-3000 Â region exhibits enhanced Fe n emission, which is probably associated mainly with the KO IV star, and enhanced Mg n emission with asymmetric wings extending to +475 km s”^ We interpret these line wings as evidence for mass flow from the KO IV star to the G5 V star. We propose a speculative scenario of major long-lived RS CVn flares in which the component stars have very large corotating flux tubes, which occasionally interact. Magnetic reconnection results in flux tubes that temporarily connect the two stars. This process and subsequent disruption of the interconnecting field lines, leading to reformation of individual flux tubes, may provide the energy to explain the observed enhanced radio, ultraviolet, and X-ray flux in flares. The observed Mg n wings are emitted by gas streaming along these flux tubes. Subject headings: stars : binaries — stars : flare — stars : individual — ultraviolet : spectra
A classification problem in the presence of measurement errors

Three algorithms of reconstruction of the true solution of a system of equations with distorted right-hand sides in GF(2) are considered. We consider first a simple classification problem. Suppose we have a set of n objects of two sorts, for example, of two different weights. We may sequentially sample pairs of the objects from the set at random, compare the weights of the objects from the chosen pair, and recognize whether the weights are identical or different. The problem is to estimate the possibility of classification of all the objects by such comparisons into two classes such that each class contains all the objects with the same weights. Let {1,2,. , n] be the set of objects under consideration, and let x*j be the sort of the object ji, j = 1,. , n, unknown to us. We may assume that xj,. ,x* take values 0 and 1 depending on the class which the object belongs to. Suppose that T independent trials are performed. We choose a pair of objects i(t) and j ( t ) in the trial with number t, t = 1,. ,T, and as a rawJA o£ tJ? A trial it become known whether the sorts of the chosen objects coincise or not. Let 6* = 0, if their weights are identical and b*t = I otherwise. Thus the results of comparisons can be written as the following system of linear equations in GF(2): *·(0+ *;(0 = 6t, t = Ι, . , . ,Τ. (1) It is clear that the system can be rewritten in the matrix form AX" = B\ where X* = (ζϊ,. . . ,ζ;) and B* = (^,.56j) are column-vectors, and the elements atj of the matrix A ||aij||, t 1,. ,T, j = Ι, . , . ,η , are random variables whose distribution is determined by the sampling procedure. If the device used in the comparisons is not absolutely precise, then the results 61,. , 6/v of the comparisons may deviate from the true values frj",. , b*N. In this case the results of comparisons are described by a system of equations with distorted righthand sides. In the extreme case the right-hand sides do not depend on the left-hand side of the system and take values 0 and 1 with equal probabilities. Let us describe the situation more precisely. Suppose that the objects for a comparison are chosen at random and the pairs of indices (i(t),j(t)), t = 1,. ,Γ, are independent and take values from the set of n(n l)/2 possible pairs of indices with equal probabilities. We suppose that bt = 6 * + ε ί ? t = 1,. ,T, *UDC 519.2. Originally published in Diskretnaya Matematika (1994) 6, No. 1 (in Russian). Translated by the author.
Gout With Associated Cutaneous AA Amyloidosis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Gout with associated AA amyloidosis is an unusual finding. This form of amyloid is associated with chronic inflammatory changes often associated with amyloid deposits in the urine, as well as tissue involvement, and organ enlargement in some cases. The large majority of cases in the literature to date refer to gout with AA amyloid within the kidney. However, this is not exclusive, with reports in the liver, gastrointestinal tract, adrenal glands rectum, skin, and subcutaneous fat. The pathophysiological association between these two disease processes is open to debate. The employment of specific anti-inflammatory treatments is believed to have an impact on reducing the incidence of AA amyloidosis in some gout cases–notably the use of colchicine in cases of clinically defined gout attacks. However, this is by no means a universal finding. Here we report on a cutaneous case of gout with AA amyloidosis in a 73-year-old man Included in this case study is a review of the other 16 cases reported within the literature in an attempt to clarify the associated pathophysiological process between these two diseases and the anti-inflammatory treatment regimens employed which may impact the occurrence of AA amyloidosis.
DIFFUSION TENSOR IMAGING OF OPTIC RADIATION IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS: CORRELATION WITH VEP.

Azza El Mongui El Mongui 1 , Maha Hazem Khalil 2 , Ahmed Abdel Khalek Abdel Razek 2 ,Mohammad AbuHegazy 1 , Ahmed Abdulatif Mosa 1 and Mahitab Ghoneim 2 . 1. Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt. 2. Radiodiagnosis Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History
Geomorphological Record of the Quaternary Orogeny in the Himalaya and the Karakoram

Preface. 1. Definition of the Topic: a Study of the Morphogenesis of the Himalaya and the Karakoram. The challenge of searching for landform development as the geomorphological record of orogeny. Orography related to geological structure and morphoclimatic processes. 2. The Geomorphology of the Himalaya in the Chomolongma and Makalu Massifs - Sapt Kosi Lowland Sector. Morphostructural features and morphoclimatic zones. Landforms. The Khumbu Himal. The Barun region. The Arun valley. The relative chronology of relief development. Pre-Quaternary paleogeographic events. Landform development during the Quaternary. 3. The Geomorphology of the Karakoram in the Trivor and Lupar Shar Massifs - Hunza Valley Sector. Morphostructural features and morphoclimatic zones. Landforms. The Gharesa region. The western Hispar Mustagh. The Hunza valley. The relative chronology of relief development. Pre-Quaternary paleogeographic events. Landforms development during the Quaternary. 4. Relief Building During the Course of the Collision Orogeny. The dynamics of formation of landform patterns. Morphogenesis of the Himalaya and the Karakoram during the Quaternary. References. Tables. Explanation of figures. Explanation of plates. Figures ( pen-and-ink drawings, photos ). Plates ( slides ). Geographical index.
ELEMENTAL DISTRIBUTION IN METAL FROM THE CR CHONDRITES Acfer 059 AND PCA 91082.

M. Humayun, H. C. Connolly Jr., A. E. Rubin and J. T. Wasson, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory & Dept. of Geological Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA (humayun@magnet.fsu.edu), Dept. of Physical Sciences, Kingsborough Community College of CUNY, NY 11235, USA, Dept. Earth & Environmental Sciences, The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, NY 11235, USA; Dept. Earth & Planetary Sciences, AMNH, New York, NY 110024, USA; LPL, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA, Institute for Geophysics & Planetary Physics, Univ. California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1567, USA.
Climate Change Impacts to Restoration Practices – Final Report

Climate change models predict that frequency and intensity of rain events will increase, that the growing season will lengthen, and that other processes related to the Chesapeake community’s approved set of stormwater control measures (SCMs) will change. Increased rainfall intensity under future climate is likely to increase flood risk, alter stream stability, and potentially affect stream restoration structures. Should standards for stormwater practices, stream restoration, and other SCMs also change? There are multiple global climate models (GCMs) and multiple warming scenarios. Further variability is introduced by ways in which the model output is downscaled to a local spatial scale and daily or finer time scale relevant to evaluation of stormwater practices. In prior work sponsored by CBT Butcher (2021) developed methods and applied them across Maryland to update the rainfall intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves used in SCM design based on GCM output with local bias correction. In the current work we address three important issues: (1) To what extent does downscaling method bias results? (2) Do Maryland's Environmental Site Design (ESD) requirements need to be changed to maintain similar levels of hydrologic control in a warming world? (3) How do results for protecting stream stability based on IDF analysis compare to continuous simulations of future climate? This works shows that different commonly used downscaled climate archives do contain systematic relative biases and that potential risks should be evaluated across multiple downscaling products. The ensemble simulation results indicate that the application of ESD concepts and requirements could remain effective in mitigating the impacts of increased runoff resulting from changing climate conditions when evaluated on an individual SCM basis. However, when considering the cumulative effects of development using continuous rainfall simulation of future climate scenarios in a well-studied watershed, it is clear that ESD does not replicate the hydrology of “woods in good condition” and will not protect channel stability over multiple decades under current or future climate conditions. 1 Tetra Tech, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC 2 Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA CBT Restoration Research Award 19278 Final Report, 09/04/2023 (This page left intentionally blank.) CBT Restoration Research Award 19278 Final Report, 06/30/2023
Home-based supportive care in advanced cancer: systematic review

Objectives This study systematically reviewed the literature on the effect of home-based supportive care (HbSC) programmes on the quality of life (QoL) of patients with advanced cancer. Methods The research question ‘Do home-based supportive care programmes for patients with advanced cancer improve their QoL? ’ was addressed. After registering the plan with PROSPERO (CRD42022341237), literature published from 1 January 1990 to 30 May 2023 was searched on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane database, CINAHL and Web of Science, and reviewed for inclusion based on predefined criteria. This review only included trial studies published in English. Results Of 5,276 articles identified, 17 studies were judged suitable for inclusion in this review. The components of HbSC programmes included home visits, patient and caregiver education, home nursing, psychotherapy, exercise, telephone consultation, and multidisciplinary team meetings. Nine studies reported improvements in QoL, including social functioning, emotional functioning, and subjective QoL. Conclusion HbSC programmes appear to enable the improvement of the QoL of patients with advanced cancer. The area of QoL that shows improvement could vary depending on the HbSC components. More studies that address HbSC programmes are needed to select patients at the proper time and provide suitable programmes for patients to benefit most.
The uncharted territory of host-pathogen interaction in tuberculosis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) effectively manipulates the host processes to establish the deadly respiratory disease, Tuberculosis (TB). M.tb has developed key mechanisms to disrupt the host cell health to combat immune responses and replicate efficaciously. M.tb antigens such as ESAT-6, 19kDa lipoprotein, Hip1, and Hsp70 destroy the integrity of cell organelles (Mitochondria, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Nucleus, Phagosomes) or delay innate/adaptive cell responses. This is followed by the induction of cellular stress responses in the host. Such cells can either undergo various cell death processes such as apoptosis or necrosis, or mount effective immune responses to clear the invading pathogen. Further, to combat the infection progression, the host secretes extracellular vesicles such as exosomes to initiate immune signaling. The exosomes can contain M.tb as well as host cell-derived peptides that can act as a double-edged sword in the immune signaling event. The host-symbiont microbiota produces various metabolites that are beneficial for maintaining healthy tissue microenvironment. In juxtaposition to the above-mentioned mechanisms, M.tb dysregulates the gut and respiratory microbiome to support its replication and dissemination process. The above-mentioned interconnected host cellular processes of Immunometabolism, Cellular stress, Host Microbiome, and Extracellular vesicles are less explored in the realm of exploration of novel Host-directed therapies for TB. Therefore, this review highlights the intertwined host cellular processes to control M.tb survival and showcases the important factors that can be targeted for designing efficacious therapy.
Analysis of Line Intensity Mapping, Dust Grain Radiation, Lyman-α Emission and Transmission

Existing models of the universe consider the combined effects of neutrons and dark matter. While the properties of neutrons are well understood, depicting galaxy formation and understanding the universe through spectral images remains a major research direction. This study can be classified into two disciplines: Cosmology and Astrophysics. Astrophysicists focus on the evolution of galaxies, while cosmology studies the universe on a larger scale, including interactions of dark matter and dark energy. Cosmologists mainly obtain data through cosmological simulations, which play an important role in cosmology research. However, existing computers struggle with the complex calculations involved. One possible solution is simulating cosmic fluid dynamics, which can effectively simulate large volumes but cannot simulate detailed information. The THESAN project has achieved important research results but also has some defects. Existing articles have summarized THESAN's characteristics and shortcomings by comparing its expected simulations with observational data. This paper summarizes the existing problems and introduces solutions, focusing on THESAN's improved simulation method for the Lyman-alpha emission spectrum and its simulation of cosmic dust. We talk about 3 new techniques used in the simulation of THESAN.
Mechanistic Insights into Nitrite Degradation by Metabolites of L. plantarum A50: An LC-MS-Based Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis

Nitrites are universally acknowledged natural toxic substances that frequently lead to poisoning in humans and animals. During fermentation, certain microorganisms utilize a portion of the nitrogen element and reduce nitrates to nitrites through specific metabolic pathways. In this study, a highly effective lactic acid bacterial strain, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum A50, was isolated and screened from alfalfa silage for its remarkable ability to degrade nitrites. L. plantarum A50 exhibits exceptional nitrite removal capacity, with a degradation rate of 99.06% within 24 h. Furthermore, L. plantarum A50 demonstrates normal growth under pH values ranging from 4 to 9 and salt concentrations of 5%, displaying excellent tolerance to acidity, alkalinity, and salinity. Additionally, it undergoes fermentation using various carbon sources. Within the first 6–12 h of culture, L. plantarum A50 primarily achieves nitrite degradation through non-acidic processes, resulting in a degradation rate of 82.67% by the 12th hour. Moreover, the metabolites produced by L. plantarum A50 exhibit a synergistic interaction with acidity, leading to a nitrite degradation rate of 98.48% within 24 h. Notably, both L. plantarum A50 and MRS broth were found to degrade nitrites. Consequently, a non-targeted metabolomic analysis using LC-MS was conducted to identify 342 significantly different metabolites between L. plantarum A50 and MRS broth. Among these, lipids and lipid-like molecules, organic acids and derivatives, organic oxygen compounds, and organoheterocyclic compounds emerged as the main constituents. Lipids and lipid-like molecules, derivatives of glucose and galactose, amino acids and their derivatives, as well as organoheterocyclic compounds, are likely to play a role in nitrite elimination. Through the enrichment analysis of differential metabolic pathways using KEGG, nine distinct pathways were identified. These pathways provide essential nutrients, maintain cellular structure and function, participate in substance transport, regulate metabolic activities, and enhance resistance against pathogenic microorganisms in L. plantarum A50.
TR 99-028 Error Spreading : A Perception-Driven Approach Orthogonal to Error Handling in Continuous Media Streaming

With the growing popularity of the Internet, there is increasing int erest in using it for audio and video transmission. Periodic network overloads, leading to bursty packet lo sses, have always been a key problem for network researchers. In a long-haul, heterogeneous network like the Inter net, handling such an error becomes especially difficult. Perceptual studies of audio and video viewing have sh own that bursty losses have the most annoying effect on people, and hence are critical issues to be addressed for appli cations such as Internet phone, video conferencing, distance learning, etc. Classical error handling techniqu es have focused on applications like FTP, and are geared towards ensuring that the transmission is correct , with no attention to timeliness. For isochronous traffic like audio and video, timeliness is a key criterion , and given the high degree of content redundancy, some loss of content is quite acceptable. In this paper we intr oduce the concept of error spreading, which is a transformation technique that takes the input sequence of packets (from an audio or video stream) and scrambles its packets before transmission. The packets are unscrambled at t he receiving end. The transformation is designed to ensure that bursty losses in the transformed domain get spread all over the sequence in the original domain. Our error spreading idea deals with either cases wher e the stream has or does not have inter-frame dependencies. Perceptual studies have shown that users are much m ore tolerant of a uniformly distributed loss of low magnitude. We next describe a continuous med ia transmission protocol based on this idea. We also show that our protocol can be used complementary to other error h andling protocols. Lastly, we validate its performance through a series of experiments and simulation s.