Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tight Analysis of the (1+1)-EA for the Single Source Shortest Path Problem

We conduct a rigorous analysis of the (1+1) evolutionary algorithm for the single source shortest path problem proposed by Scharnow, Tinnefeld, and Wegener (The analyses of evolutionary algorithms on sorting and shortest paths problems, 2004, Journal of Mathematical Modelling and Algorithms, 3(4):349–366). We prove that with high probability, the optimization time is O(n2 max{ℓ, log(n)}), where ℓ is the smallest integer such that any vertex can be reached from the source via a shortest path having at most ℓ edges. This bound is tight. For all values of n and ℓ we provide a graph with edge weights such that, with high probability, the optimization time is of order Ω(n2 max{ℓ, log(n)}). To obtain such sharp bounds, we develop a new technique that overcomes the coupon collector behavior of previously used arguments. Also, we exhibit a simple Chernoff type inequality for sums of independent geometrically distributed random variables, and one for sequences of random variables that are not independent, but show a desired behavior independent of the outcomes of the previous random variables. We are optimistic that these tools find further applications in the analysis of evolutionary algorithms.
The evolution of an exposed mid-lower crustal attachment zone in Fiordland, New Zealand

Abstract Studies of convergent margins suggest that large subhorizontal shear zones in the lower crust help regulate how displacements are transferred horizontally and vertically through the lithosphere. We present structural data from the Fiordland belt of SW New Zealand that illustrate the progressive evolution of a 25 km thick section of exhumed, Early Cretaceous middle and lower crust. The data show that the mechanisms by which displacements were relayed through the crust during a 25 Ma cycle of arc-related magmatism, high-grade metamorphism and contraction changed repeatedly. During the period 126–120 Ma, a ≥10 km thick batholith composed of gabbroic-dioritic magma was emplaced into the lower crust. Melt-enhanced shear zones evolved at the upper and lower contacts of the batholith where magma and steep temperature gradients created strength contrasts. By ∼ 120 Ma, partial melting of mafic-intermediate lower crust resulted in the formation of high-pressure (14–16 kbar) migmatite and steep, regionally extensive vein networks up to 10 km below the batholith. Melt segregation and transfer through and out of the lower crust were aided by melt-induced fracture arrays and ductile deformation in shear zones. During the period 116–105 Ma, differential shortening of the crust produced a network of subhorizontal and subvertical shear zones at different crustal depths. Near-vertical shear zones up to 15 km wide formed at the deepest part of the section. These shear zones cut upwards across the entire lower crust to merge with a gently dipping upper amphibolite facies fold-and-thrust zone that formed in the middle crust. A 1 km thick, subhorizontal shear zone underlies this mid-crustal fold-and-thrust zone and physically connected shear zones that formed at different crustal depths. Our data suggest that deformation above and below this mid-lower crustal attachment zone was coupled kinematically and accommodated subhorizontal arc-normal displacements in the middle crust and oblique sinistral displacements on steep shear zones in the lower crust. The steep lower crustal shear zones also record components of subhorizontal arc-normal shortening and vertical thickening. These results strongly suggest that large, kinematically coupled networks of flat and steep shear zones separated the Fiordland crust into distinctive structural domains and relayed displacements vertically and horizontally through the lithosphere during Early Cretaceous oblique convergence.
Century to multi‐century sea level rise projections from CMIP5 models

Long‐term projections of global‐ocean thermal expansion (GTE) and the dynamic sea level (DSL) change are analyzed with 34 new CMIP5 models and under three greenhouse‐gas emission scenarios. Multi‐model ensemble mean (MEM) and ensemble standard deviation are calculated to identify robust features and quantify uncertainty. While the MEM of GTE shows moderate difference by 2100, with magnitudes of 13, 18 and 28 cm in RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively, it increases and diverges significantly by 2300, with magnitudes of 21, 52 and 119 cm in the three scenarios. Model‐to‐model spread seems reduced in CMIP5 compared to CMIP3. The MEM changes of the DSL show similar patterns between different RCPs, but with progressively larger magnitudes in RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. Notable features identified previously in the CMIP3 projections also occur in CMIP5, indicating their robustness across generations of climate model and emission scenario. The CMIP5 models still show disagreement in projecting the DSL changes, even under the same external forcing.
AEROSOL BEHAVIOUR OVER RANCHI

Atmospheric aerosols are important component in the radiation budget and generally tend to decrease the amount of solar radiation falling on earth. Some aerosols like BC are absorbing in the nature and affect the climate by increasing AOD and warming the climate. Its direct and indirect effect on environment and human health is partially known but more studies are needed to understand it properly. That is why it is important to do its Quantitative and qualitative analysis and study its impact on climate etc. Ranchi is comes under northern region which is most polluted region among India where many pollutants including BC are high in concentration, So this study of BC over Ranchi can help to know its concentration of BC is found to vary on a diurnal as well as seasonal basis. The role of atmospheric boundary layer is very important in the variation of BC concentration. The present study aims to find the relation of BC with the boundary layer and understand its variation. Further its impact on AOD and global radiation will also study. This research may form a small step towards a comprehensive study of black carbon aerosol in the atmosphere in the northern city Ranchi of India.
Initial Autophagic Protection Switches to Disruption of Autophagic Flux by Lysosomal Instability during Cadmium Stress Accrual in Renal NRK‐52E Cells

The renal proximal tubule (PT) is the major target of cadmium (Cd2+) toxicity where Cd2+ causes stress and apoptosis. Autophagy is induced by cell stress, e.g. endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and may contribute to cell survival or death. The role of autophagy in Cd2+‐induced nephrotoxicity remains unsettled due to contradictory results and lack of evidence for autophagic machinery damage by Cd2+.
Semantic Integration Research in the Database Community: A Brief Survey

Semantic integration has been a long-standing challenge for the database community. It has received steady attention over the past two decades, and has now become a prominent area of database research. In this article, we first review database applications that require semantic integration and discuss the difficulties underlying the integration process. We then describe recent progress and identify open research issues. We focus in particular on schema matching, a topic that has received much attention in the database community, but also discuss data matching (for example, tuple deduplication) and open issues beyond the match discovery context (for example, reasoning with matches, match verification and repair, and reconciling inconsistent data values). For previous surveys of database research on semantic integration, see Rahm and Bernstein (2001); Ouksel and Seth (1999); and Batini, Lenzerini, and Navathe (1986).
Peridotites from the southern Mariana forearc: Heterogeneous fluid supply in mantle wedge

Detailed petrological work was carried out on serpentinized peridotite dredged and sampled by submersible from the southern part of the Mariana Trench to reveal the nature of the mantle wedge in the southern Mariana forearc. The southern part of the Mariana Trench is important in that we should expect to find a transect of a typical island arc structure; that is, from east to west, the Mariana forearc, the Mariana arc proper, the Mariana Trough (active back‐arc spreading center), and the West Mariana Ridge (remnant arc). The most striking feature of peridotites from the southern part of the trench is that primary hornblende is a major constituent mineral in many specimens. Thus, the peridotite samples are divided into anhydrous (A‐type), hydrous (H‐type) and intermediate (I‐type) groups. Petrological data suggest that each type of peridotite is a residue of extensive partial melting in the upper mantle. It is argued here that the I‐ and H‐type peridotites were modified from `proto‐A‐type peridotite' by fluid infiltration. The fluid was enriched in Al, Ti, Fe, and alkalis, and may have caused changes in mineral and bulk chemical compositions of the peridotites. A‐type peridotite derives from the `proto‐A‐type peridotite' directly, without any fluid contamination. After the formation of the `proto‐A‐, I‐, and H‐type peridotites', lower‐temperature fluids, probably of seawater origin, produced retrograde metamorphism and alteration including serpentinization. The mantle wedge in the southern Mariana forearc was heterogeneous in fluid supply.
A thermal pressurization model for the spontaneous dynamic rupture propagation on a three‐dimensional fault: 2. Traction evolution and dynamic parameters

[1] We investigate the dynamic traction evolution during the spontaneous propagation of a 3-D earthquake rupture governed by slip-weakening or rate- and state-dependent constitutive laws and accounting for thermal pressurization effects. The analytical solutions as well as temperature and pore pressure evolutions are discussed in the companion paper by Bizzarri and Cocco. Our numerical experiments reveal that frictional heating and thermal pressurization modify traction evolution. The breakdown stress drop, the characteristic slip-weakening distance, and the fracture energy depend on the slipping zone thickness (2w) and hydraulic diffusivity (ω). Thermally activated pore pressure changes caused by frictional heating yield temporal variations of the effective normal stress acting on the fault plane. In the framework of rate- and state-dependent friction, these thermal perturbations modify both the effective normal stress and the friction coefficient. Breakdown stress drop, slip-weakening distance, and specific fracture energy (J/m2) increase for decreasing values of hydraulic diffusivity and slipping zone thickness. We propose scaling relations to evaluate the effect of w and ω on these physical parameters. We have also investigated the effects of choosing different evolution laws for the state variable. We have performed simulations accounting for the porosity evolution during the breakdown time. Our results point out that thermal pressurization modifies the shape of the slip-weakening curves. For particular configurations, the traction versus slip curves display a gradual and continuous weakening for increasing slip: in these cases, the definitions of a minimum residual stress and the slip-weakening distance become meaningless.
Marins Granite (MG/SP): petrography, geochemistry, geochronology, and geotectonic setting

The Marins Granite forms an ellipsoidal body that crops out along the border between Sao Paulo and Minas Gerais states. It intrudes meta-sedimentary and meta-igneous rocks of Neoproterozoic age, belonging to the Socorro Nappe and Embu Complex, in the interference zone between the Brasilia and Ribeira fold belts. Geochemical analyses indicate a high-K calc-alkaline signature, weakly peraluminous, type I character, poorly differentiated with restricted silica range and similar rare earth element patterns enriched in light rare earth elements. Two lithofacies were defined: (1) Marins facies, predominantly inside the body, isotropic, light gray with inequigranular porphyritic texture containing euhedral to subhedral microcline phenocrysts (< 1 cm), and (2) Mendanha facies, restricted to the border zone of the body, are pinkish with elongated microcline phenocrysts and aligned biotite grains, defining a deformational foliation. Neodymium isotopes point to a crustal signature, revealed by a eNd(0.6): -10.4. T DM ages indicate a paleoproterozoic source. U-Pb LA-ICPMS ages in zircon yielded concordia crystallization ages of 606.9 ± 1.9 Ma for the Mendanha facies and 603.7 ± 4.8 Ma for the Marins facies. These ages are consistent with the interpretation that the Marins Granite is a late to post-collisional body with respect to the collision of the southern Brasilia Belt, also reinforced by the location of the granite in the upper plate (Socorro Nappe), a few tens of kilometers away from the suture. The apparent lack of deformation related to collision in the Ribeira Belt (590 - 570 Ma), in the Marins facies, after crystallization of the body, is interpreted as the result of its rheological behavior, more resistant to deformation than the surrounding schists, similar to the behavior of a pre- or syntectonic porphyroblast.
Influence of Eurasian snow cover in spring on the Indian Ocean Dipole

The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) shows a significant negative correlation with the extent of Eurasian snow cover in spring. The anomalies in the land-sea temperature contrast, which are induced by the anomalies of Eurasian snow cover in spring, reverse the patterns of convection activ- ity anomalies over the western and eastern tropical Indian Ocean in summer. Moreover, for heavier and lighter than normal Eurasian snow cover in spring, anomalies in the vertical zonal circulation over the tropical Indian Ocean (Walker circulation) and in the vertical meridional circulation between the Indian Ocean and the Eurasian continent (Hadley circulation) occur in summer. The Walker and Hadley circulation anomalies probably play an important role in the occurrence and duration of IOD events. Eurasian snow cover in spring is presumably one of the factors that trigger IOD events. These results provide a basis for further investigation of the mechanisms linking snow cover, the Indian monsoon, atmospheric circulation, and sea surface temperature.
Adaptation of the Arizona Cognitive Task Battery for use with the Ts65Dn Mouse Model (Mus musculus) of Down syndrome

We propose and validate a clear strategy to efficiently and comprehensively characterize neurobehavioral deficits in the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome. This novel approach uses neurocognitive theory to design and select behavioral tasks that test specific hypotheses concerning the results of Down syndrome. In this manuscript we model in Ts65Dn mice the Arizona Cognitive Task Battery used to study human populations with Down syndrome. We observed specific deficits for spatial memory, impaired long-term memory for visual objects, acquisition and reversal of motor responses, reduced motor dexterity, and impaired adaptive function as measured by nesting and anxiety tasks. The Ts65Dn mice showed intact temporal ordering, novelty detection, and visual object recognition with short delays. These results phenocopy the performance of participants with Down syndrome on the Arizona Cognitive Task Battery. This approach extends the utility of mouse models of Down syndrome by integrating the expertise of clinical neurology and cognitive neuroscience into the mouse behavioral laboratory. Further, by directly emphasizing the reciprocal translation of research between human disease states and the associated mouse models, we demonstrate that it is possible for both groups to mutually inform each others’ research to more efficiently generate hypotheses and elucidate treatment strategies.
Methods for Quick Consensus Estimation

A method that allows estimating consensus trees without exhaustive searches is described. The method consists of comparing the results of different independent superficial searches. The results of the searches are then summarized through a majority rule, consensed with the strict consensus tree of the best trees found overall. This assumes that to the extent that a group is recovered by most searches, it is more likely to be actually supported by the data. The effect of different parameters on the accuracy and reliability of the results is discussed. Increasing the cutoff frequency decreases the number of spurious groups, although it also decreases the number of correct nodes recovered. Collapsing trees during swapping reduces the number of spurious groups without significantly decreasing the number of correct nodes recovered. A way to collapse branches considering suboptimal trees is described, which can be extended as a measure of relative support for groups; the relative support is based on the Bremer support, but takes into account relative amounts of favorable and contradictory evidence. More exhaustive searches increase the number of correct nodes recovered, but leave unaffected (or increase) the number of spurious groups. Within some limits, the number of replications does not strongly affect the accuracy of the results, so that using relatively small numbers of replications normally suffices to produce a reliable estimation.
Graphene field-effect transistors

Owing in part to scaling challenges for metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) and complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) logic, the semiconductor industry is placing an increased emphasis on emerging materials and devices that may provide improved MOSFET performance beyond the 22 nm node, or provide novel functionality for, e.g. ‘beyond CMOS’ devices. Graphene, with its novel and electron–hole symmetric band structure and its high carrier mobilities and thermal velocities, is one such material that has garnered a great deal of interest for both purposes. Single and few layer carbon sheets have been fabricated by a variety of techniques including mechanical exfoliation and chemical vapour deposition, and field-effect transistors have been demonstrated with room-temperature mobilities as high as 10 000 cm2 V−1 s−1. But graphene is a gapless semiconductor and gate control of current is challenging, off-state leakage currents are high, and current does not readily saturate with drain voltage. However, various ways to overcome, adapt to, or even embrace this property are now being considered for device applications. In this work we explore through illustrative examples the potential of and challenges to graphene use for conventional and novel device applications.
Satellite mission monitors ocean surface salinity

Understanding the links between ocean circulation, the global water cycle, and climate variations requires knowledge of ocean surface salinity. NASA's Aquarius satellite mission (http://aquarius.nasa.gov), which monitors the global open ocean surface salinity field, embarked on its science operations phase after completing the in-orbit performance assessment on 1 December 2011. The data (Figure 1) are already showing new and interesting information.
Giant ionospheric disturbances excited by the M9.3 Sumatra earthquake of 26 December 2004

An Mw 9.3 earthquake originated in the Indian Ocean off the western coast of northern Sumatra at 00:58:53 Universal Time (UT) on 26 December 2004. Two giant ionospheric disturbances at 01:19 and 04:10 UT are observed by a network of digital Doppler sounders in Taiwan. The first disturbance excited mainly by Rayleigh waves, which consists of a packet of short‐period Doppler shift variations, results in vertical ionospheric fluctuations with a maximum velocity of about 70 m/s and displacement of about 200 m. The second disturbance, in a W‐shaped pulse propagating at a horizontal speed of 360 ± 70 m/s, is attributable to coupling of the atmospheric gravity waves (AGW) excited by broad crustal uplift together with the following big tsunami waves around the earthquake source zone. The accompanying ionosonde data suggest that the AGW in the atmosphere may have caused the ionosphere to move up and down by about 40 km.
PairProSVM: Protein Subcellular Localization Based on Local Pairwise Profile Alignment and SVM

The subcellular locations of proteins are important functional annotations. An effective and reliable subcellular localization method is necessary for proteomics research. This paper introduces a new method - PairProSVM - to automatically predict the subcellular locations of proteins. The profiles of all protein sequences in the training set are constructed by PSI-BLAST, and the pairwise profile alignment scores are used to form feature vectors for training a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. It was found that PairProSVM outperforms the methods that are based on sequence alignment and amino acid compositions even if most of the homologous sequences have been removed. PairProSVM was evaluated on Huang and Li's and Gardy et al.'s protein data sets. The overall accuracies on these data sets reach 75.3 percent and 91.9 percent, respectively, which are higher than or comparable to those obtained by sequence alignment and composition-based methods.
Outcomes of transformed follicular lymphoma in the modern era: a report from the National LymphoCare Study (NLCS).

We assessed the incidence, prognostic features, and outcomes associated with transformation of follicular lymphoma (FL) among 2652 evaluable patients prospectively enrolled in the National LymphoCare Study. At a median follow-up of 6.8 years, 379/2652 (14.3%) patients transformed following the initial FL diagnosis, including 147 pathologically confirmed and 232 clinically suspected cases. Eastern Cancer Oncology Group performance status >1, extranodal sites >1, elevated lactate dehydrogenase, and B symptoms at diagnosis were associated with transformation risk. Relative to observation, patients initiating treatment at diagnosis had a reduced risk of transformation (hazard ratio [HR], 0.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.46-0.75). The risk of transformation was similar in patients treated with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone compared with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone (adjusted HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.62-1.42). Maintenance rituximab was associated with reduced transformation risk (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.46-0.97). Five-year survival from diagnosis was significantly worse for patients with vs without transformation (75%, 95% CI, 70-79 vs 85%, 95% CI, 83-86). The median overall survival post-transformation was 5 years. Forty-seven patients with evidence of transformation at the time of diagnosis shared similar prognostic factors and survival rates to those without transformation. Improved outcomes for transformation in the modern era are suggested by this observational study. This trial is registered at www.clinicaltrials. gov as #NCT00097565.
A meta-analysis of child-parent attachment in early childhood and prosociality.

Although numerous individual studies have attempted to link child-parent attachment and prosociality, a systematic picture of that relationship requires a meta-analytic approach that considers different dimensions of prosociality and potential moderators. The current meta-analysis examined 41 studies drawn primarily from North America and Europe and published between 1978 to 2020. Child age ranged from 12 to 53 months at the assessment of child-parent attachment and 12 to 108 months at the assessment of prosociality. Across 35 studies (100 effect sizes, N = 4,611), child-mother attachment security and child prosociality were significantly associated (r = .19, 95% CI [.14, .23]). No moderators were identified. Exploratory estimates were also derived for subtypes of child-mother attachment insecurity. Across six studies (eight effect sizes, N = 402), child-father attachment security was significantly associated with prosociality (r = .11, 95% CI [.02, .23]). The magnitude of effect sizes did not differ based on parent gender. The discussion considers areas of growth for attachment and prosociality research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).