Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
C-algebra relations

We investigate relations on elements in $C^{*}$-algebras, including $*$-polynomial relations, order relations and all relations that correspond to universal $C^{*}$-algebras. We call these $C^{*}$-relations and define them axiomatically. Within these are the compact $C^{*}$-relations, which are those that determine universal $C^{*}$-algebras, and we introduce the more flexible concept of a closed $C^{*}$-relation. In the case of a finite set of generators, we show that closed $C^{*}$-relations correspond to the zero-sets of elements in a free $\sigma$-$C^{*}$-algebra. This provides a solid link between two of the previous theories on relations in $C^{*}$-algebras. Applications to lifting problems are briefly considered in the last section.
Signed enumeration of ribbon tableaux

We give an extension of the classical Schensted correspondence to the case of ribbon tableaux, where ribbons are allowed to be of different sizes. This is done by extending Fomin's growth diagram approach of the classical correspondence between permutations and pairs of standard tableaux of the same shape, in particular by allowing signs in the enumeration. As an application we give a combinatorial proof for the column sums of the character table of the symmetric group.
Characterization of γ-Factors: the Asai Case

Let $E$ be a separable quadratic extension of a locally compact field $F$ of positive characteristic. Asai \gamma-factors are defined for smooth irreducible representations \pi of ${\rm GL}_n(E)$. If \sigma is the Weil-Deligne representation of $\mathcal{W}_E$ corresponding to \pi under the local Langlands correspondence, we show that the Asai \gamma-factor is the same as the Deligne-Langlands \gamma-factor of the Weil-Deligne representation of $\mathcal{W}_F$ obtained from \sigma under tensor induction. This is achieved by proving that Asai \gamma-factors are characterized by their local properties together with their role in global functional equations for $L$-functions. As an immediate application, we establish the stability property of \gamma-factors under twists by highly ramified characters.
The Josephson Effect in Small Tunnel Contacts

IN superconducting tunnel junctions having a small cross-sectional area of contact, the Josephson coupling energy E UJ may be commensurate with the energy of fluctuations. In this case the phase difference of the ordering parameter in the superconductors provides marked fluctuations, as a result of which [21 a finite voltage appears at the barrier for a given current even in that region of currents where a superconducting current would be observed in the absence of fluctuations. It is important that the tunnel current which flows thereby has the same nature as the ordinary Josephson current. [aJ The dependence of current on voltage is nonlinear in the general case and is determined by the fluetuation mechanism. If E ~ 8 (® = kT, where Tis the transition temperature), and we have an ideal external circuit or a superconducting ring closed by the tunnel contact, the basic mechanism disturbing the stabilization of the coherent state of two superconductors with a fixed phase difference consists of thermodynamic fluetuations. When E » ® quantum fluctuations of charge can be very important in tunnel contacts of small size. These can be treated by considering the Coulomb interaction of the electrons. It is clear that the Coulomb interaction of the electrons inside each of the metals is taken into account in the model of Cohen, Falicov, and Phillips, [41 since it simply leads to a renormalization of the expression for the gap in the spectrum of elementary excitations of the superconductors. The interaction of electrons through the barrier is not accounted for in the model. It would seem that accounting for this would not lead to significant changes in the tunnel current because of strong screening of the electron interaction potential. However, in the tunneling process, the electrical neutrality of each metal individually may be virtually destroyed, and a surface charge will accumulate on the plates of the condenser formed by the tunnel contact. For broad contacts the effect of electron interaction through the barrier will be of little significance, since the Coulomb energy of the condenser for a given charge is inversely proportional to the area of the cross section. Finally, the action of dissipative fluctuations introduced from the external circuit is verf important. As Larkin and Ovchinnikov have shown, ls these fluctuations lead to the appearance of a finite band of frequencies irradiated by the Josephson tunnel structure. In this paper we shall investigate the effect of dissipative and quantum fluctuations. We neglect retardation effectsl6 ' 71 and the effect of the action of the quasi-particle current on the tunnel current of the Cooper pairs.
C∗-algebras associated to C∗-correspondences and applications to mirror quantum spheres

The structure of the $C^*$-algebras corresponding to even-dimensional mirror quantum spheres is investigated. It is shown that they are isomorphic to both Cuntz-Pimsner algebras of certain $C^*$-correspondences and $C^*$-algebras of certain labelled graphs. In order to achieve this, categories of labelled graphs and $C^*$-correspondences are studied. A functor from labelled graphs to $C^*$-correspondences is constructed, such that the corresponding associated $C^*$-algebras are isomorphic. Furthermore, it is shown that $C^*$-correspondences for the mirror quantum spheres arise via a general construction of restricted direct sum.
Menstrual problems in chronic immune thrombocytopenia: A monthly challenge ‐ a cohort study and review

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) may cause menstrual problems. This cross‐sectional study assessed menstrual problems in premenopausal chronic ITP women by several questionnaires, including the pictorial bleeding assessment calendar (PBAC; score ≥100 indicates heavy menstrual bleeding [HMB]), and the menorrhagia multiattribute scale (MMAS). Spearman was used for assessing correlations. A literature review was performed in Pubmed. The cohort comprised 37 women (mean age 31 ± 9). A total of 29/37 (78%) had experienced clinical menstrual problems in the present or past. Of the 33 patients who returned the PBAC, 13 (39%) had a score of ≥100. The median MMAS score was 79 (IQR 60–95). The PBAC scores correlated with the MMAS. Both questionnaires were unrelated to the platelet count. Patients with a levonorgestrel intrauterine device (LNG‐IUD) had lower PBAC scores than patients with other or no hormonal therapy. MMAS scores were correlated with fatigue. The review identified 14 papers. HMB occurred in 6%–55% at ITP diagnosis and 17%–79% during disease. Menstrual symptoms influenced the quality of life, particularly in patients with a low platelet count. This explorative study suggested that HMB is frequent in women with chronic ITP despite management and platelet counts >50 *109/l. An LNG‐IUD seemed to reduce blood loss significantly.
East African Scholars Multidisciplinary Bulletin

Quick Response Code Abstract: Chromium is one of the most common elements in the earth’s crust and is used in more than 50 different industries. There are three oxidation states in case of Chromium viz., Cr (II), Cr (III), Cr (VI). Among which Cr (II) is most unstable. Cr (III) and Cr (VI) are the stable oxidation state of Chromium in the environment. Being one of the commonly used metals Chromium and its particulates enter the aquatic medium through effluents discharged from different industries like textiles, tanneries, electroplating workshops, ore mining, dyeing, printing-photographic and medical industries. The discharge from these industries pollutes the waters and affects the biota. Chromium is known to cause various health effects. The health hazards associated with exposure to chromium are dependent on its oxidation state. The Hexavalent form is toxic than trivalent form. The hematological alterations produced on exposure to sub-lethal concentration (1/10th of LC50/96 hrs) of chromium were investigated in fresh water fish, Labeo rohita. Labeo rohita common name (Rohu) is a species of fish of the carp family, found in rivers of South Asia. This fish is commonly found in Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Burma, Thailand, China, Kampuchea and Sri Lanka. The rich source of high-quality protein filled with vitamins and omega-3 fatty acids encourage the human being to uptake fish as a major food source. Significant decrease in haematological indices RBC, Hb, PCV, MCH, and MCHC and WBC and MCV values were significantly increased. The decrease in hematological parameters clearly indicates that the exposed fishes have become anemic due to heavy metal exposure.
Analisis Pengaruh Insentif Pajak, Sanksi Pajak Dan Pelayanan Pajak Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak UMKM

Tujuan investigasi adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh insentif pajak, sanksi pajak, dan pelayanan pajak terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak UMKM. Sampel penelitian ini adalah wajib pajak UMKM di Pasar Rebo Jakarta Timur dengan responden sebanyak 100 responden. Metode purposive sampling digunakan terkait dengan pemilihan sampel. Jenis data kuantitatif digunakan pada penelitian ini. Hasil riset ini adalah terdapat pengaruh insentif pajak, saksi pajak, dan pelayanan pajak terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak UMKM, yang artinya bahwa insentif pajak, sanksi pajak, dan pelayanan pajak dapat meningkatkan kepatuhan wajib pajak UMKM
Development of an Automated Screen for Kv7.2 Potassium Channels and Discovery of a New Agonist Chemotype.

To identify pore domain ligands on Kv7.2 potassium ion channels, we compared wild-type (WT) and W236L mutant Kv7.2 channels in a series of assays with previously validated and novel agonist chemotypes. Positive controls were retigabine, flupirtine, and RL-81; i.e. Kv7.2 channel activators that significantly shift voltage-dependent activation to more negative potentials (ΔV50) at 5 µM. We identified 6 new compounds that exhibited differential enhancing activity between WT and W236L mutant channels. Whole cell patch-clamp electrophysiology studies were conducted to identify Kv7.2. Kv7.2/3, Kv7.4, and Kv7.5 selectivity. Our results validate the SyncroPatch platform and establish new structure activity relationships (SAR). Specifically, in addition to selective Kv7.2, Kv7.2/3, Kv7.4. and Kv7.5 agonists, we identified a novel chemotype, ZK-21, a 4-aminotetrahydroquinoline that is distinct from any of the previously described Kv7 channel modifiers. Using flexible receptor docking, ZK-21 was predicted to be stabilized by W236 and bind perpendicular to retigabine, burying the benzyl carbamate group into a tunnel reaching the core of the pore domain.
Content Validation of the Behavioral and Emotional Rating Scale–3rd Edition: Strength-Based Interview

Strength-based assessment has achieved acceptance from educational, mental health, and social service professionals as a means to measuring emotional and behavioral strengths of children. Several standardized, norm-referenced tests have been developed to assess these strengths; however, the primary mode of assessment is via informal interviews of parents and caregivers. In many cases, these interviews lack psychometric support, including basic validity and reliability. The purpose of this study was to document the multistep process used to establish the content validity of a newly developed instrument: Behavioral and Emotional Rating Scale: Strength-Based Interview. Specifically, the results of a survey of 40 U.S. professional mental health staff and educators are described where respondents rated the importance of interview questions to the construct of strength-based assessment. The findings of the survey as well as the 18 items deemed most important are reported. Research limitations, future research, and implications for mental health and educational professionals are discussed.
Modeling social network behavior spread based on group cohesion under uncertain environment

Behavior is autonomous, convergent, and uncertain, which brings challenges to the modeling of social network behavior spread. In this article, we propose a behavior spread model based on group cohesion under uncertain environments. First, for behavioral convergence, we define group cohesion to quantify the convergent effects of group. Second, based on the game theory to model the autonomy of behavior, according to the characteristics of the game payoffs changing with time and the depth of spread, and integrating group cohesion, a dynamic game payoffs calculation method is designed. Finally, aiming at the uncertainty of behavior, a group behavior spread model based on random utility theory is established. Experiments on multiple real social network behavior spread datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model in modeling and predicting behavior spread processes under uncertain environments.
Stably diffeomorphic manifolds and l 2q+1(ℤ[π])

Abstract The Kreck monoids l 2q+1(ℤ[π]) detect s-cobordisms amongst certain bordisms between stably diffeomorphic 2q-dimensional manifolds and generalise the Wall surgery obstruction groups, . In this paper we identify l 2q+1(ℤ[π]) as the edge set of a directed graph with vertices a set of equivalence classes of quadratic forms on finitely generated free ℤ[π] modules. Our main theorem computes the set of edges l 2q+1(υ, υ′) ⊂ l 2q+1(ℤ[π]) between the classes of the forms υ and υ′ via an exact sequence Here sbIso(υ, υ′) denotes the set of “stable boundary isomorphisms” between the algebraic boundaries of υ and υ′. As a consequence we deduce new classification results for stably diffeomorphic manifolds.
Internal object actions in homological categories

Let $G$ and $A$ be objects of a finitely cocomplete homological category $\mathbb C$. We define a notion of an (internal) action of $G$ of $A$ which is functorially equivalent with a point in $\mathbb C$ over $G$, i.e. a split extension in $\mathbb C$ with kernel $A$ and cokernel $G$. This notion and its study are based on a preliminary investigation of cross-effects of functors in a general categorical context. These also allow us to define higher categorical commutators. We show that any proper subobject of an object $E$ (i.e., a kernel of some map on $E$ in $\mathbb C$) admits a "conjugation" action of $E$, generalizing the conjugation action of $E$ on itself defined by Bourn and Janelidze. If $\mathbb C$ is semi-abelian, we show that for subobjects $X$, $Y$ of some object $A$, $X$ is proper in the supremum of $X$ and $Y$ if and only if $X$ is stable under the restriction to $Y$ of the conjugation action of $A$ on itself. This amounts to an elementary proof of Bourn and Janelidze's functorial equivalence between points over $G$ in $\mathbb C$ and algebras over a certain monad $\mathbb T_G$ on $\mathbb C$. The two axioms of such an algebra can be replaced by three others, in terms of cross-effects, two of which generalize the usual properties of an action of one group on another.
Simultaneous Appearance of Different Topological Phases in a Single Photonic System: Coexisting Phases Characterized by Bulk Polarization and Valley‐Chern Number Enabling Dual‐Band Second‐Order Topological States

Topological phases appearing in photonic systems have recently attracted much attention in the community of photonics due to the fundamental and practical significances. Despite extensive investigations, the preceding results show that the photonic systems exhibit single topological phases with few exceptions. This work presents the simultaneous appearance of different topological phases in a single photonic crystal structure, which are characterized by bulk polarization and valley‐Chern number. Square‐lattice photonic crystals with unit cells consisting of four dielectric rods, one of which has the size different from the other three ones, exhibit the topological phase characterized by bulk polarization in the first bandgap, depending on the distance between the dielectric rods. Due to the broken inversion symmetry, in the meantime, the photonic systems show the valley‐Hall topological phase in the fourth bandgap. The proposed structures have the advantage of flexible design for generating the dual‐band topological edge and corner states compared with other photonic systems exhibiting single topological phases. From the fundamental and practical significances, the presented results will trigger the extensive investigations for exploring the photonic systems with multiple topological phases and find important practical applications.
Hilbert schemes of finite abelian group orbits and Gröbner fans

Let G be a finite abelian subgroup of PGL(r ― 1, K) = Aut (P r―1 K ). In this paper, we prove that the normalization of the G-Hilbert scheme Hilb G (P r―1 ) is described as a toric variety, which corresponds to the Grobner fan for some homogeneous ideal I of K[x 1 , . ,x r ].
A comprehensive review on modulation of SIRT1 signaling pathways in the immune system of COVID‐19 patients by phytotherapeutic melatonin and epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate

Abstract SARS‐CoV‐2 infection has now become the world's most significant health hazard, with the World Health Organization declaring a pandemic on March 11, 2020. COVID‐19 enters the lungs through angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors, alters various signaling pathways, and causes immune cells to overproduce cytokines, resulting in mucosal inflammation, lung damage, and multiple organ failure in COVID‐19 patients. Although several antiviral medications have been effective in managing the virus, they have not been effective in lowering the inflammation and symptoms of the illness. Several studies have found that epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate and melatonin upregulate sirtuins proteins, which leads to downregulation of pro‐inflammatory gene transcription and NF‐κB, protecting organisms from oxidative stress in autoimmune, respiratory, and cardiovascular illnesses. As a result, the purpose of this research is to understand more about the molecular pathways through which these phytochemicals affect COVID‐19 patients' impaired immune systems, perhaps reducing hyperinflammation and symptom severity. Practical applications Polyphenols are natural secondary metabolites that are found to be present in plants. EGCG a polyphenol belonging to the flavonoid family in tea has potent anti‐inflammatory and antioxidative properties that helps to counter the inflammation and oxidative stress associated with many neurodegenerative diseases. Melatonin, another strong antioxidant in plants, has been shown to possess antiviral function and alleviate oxidative stress in many inflammatory diseases. In this review, we propose an alternative therapy for COVID‐19 patients by supplementing their diet with these nutraceuticals that perhaps by modulating sirtuin signaling pathways counteract cytokine storm and oxidative stress, the root causes of severe inflammation and symptoms in these patients.
Validation of Electrical Cardiometry Measurements Compared to Transthoracic Echocardiography in Fluid Responsiveness in Sepsis

Background: Severe sepsis and septic shock patients have a broad range of hemodynamic characteristics. A better understanding of the hemodynamic profile and response to therapy can lead to more effective treatment and consequently a lower mortality and morbidity. The current research work was designed to investigate the non-invasive diagnostic accuracy and agreement of electrical cardiometry (EC) with transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) for fluid responsiveness in sepsis. Methods: This prospective cohort study was assessed on 25 patients showing clinical criteria of sepsis and developed hypotension. All patients were subjected to simultaneous measurement by EC and TTE. Fluid was administered if stroke volume (SV) measured by TTE increased by > 10% after the fluid challenge up to 30 mL/kg else vasopressor infusion was initiated. Results: Electrical cardiometry significantly predicted fluid responsiveness in sepsis compared to TTE with 81.4% sensitivity and 90% specificity. There was an insignificant difference between SV index (SVI), cardiac index (CI), SV, and cardiac output (CO) estimated by TTE and by EC. The mean bias between SV measured by TTE and by EC was 0.25 ± 3.4 ml. The mean bias between TTE and by EC was 0.10 ± 1.78 mL/m2 in SVI, 0.01 ± 0.35 L/min in CO and 0.009 ± 0.18 L/min/m2 in CI. Conclusions: Electrical cardiometry significantly predicted fluid responsiveness in sepsis compared to TTE with good agreement between measurements of EC and TTE.
Fernández-Morales, Antonio and Cisneros-Martinez, José David and McCabe, Scott (2016) Seasonal concentration of tourism demand: decomposition analysis and marketing implications. Tourism

This paper analyzes seasonality in the United Kingdom, specifically the English regions in relation to tourists’ place of origin and main travel motivation. The method used is a decomposition of the Gini index, which provides relative marginal effects that facilitate the identification of market segments open to counter-seasonal marketing efforts. This method has been combined with a graphical multivariate technique (biplot), which groups segments according to their seasonality characteristics. Seasonal patterns associated with particular segments differ significantly when studied on a disaggregated basis. Therefore, an adequate level of disaggregation is essential in the design of counter-seasonal strategies. Although this study focuses on British destinations, this methodology could be used as a control and monitoring measure in the regional analysis of any destination, facilitating regular adjustment of regional tourism marketing campaigns to minimize seasonality effects, specifically by targeting the types of tourists less prone to seasonality.
Locally k-degenerate graphs: a definition and two conjectures.

1. The theory of the fc-degenerate graphs is now a well-established subject (see [7]). On the other hand, locally defmed properties in graphs have not yet received the attention they deserve, except for, äs far äs I know, a few papers [5], [8], [9], [11]—[15]. We recall the concept of a neighborhood tflx of the vertex in the graph G, which is the subgraph of G induced by the set Ux of all vertices at a distance not greater than l from x. We also recall that G is (globally) &-degenerate when all its subgraphs have minimum degree at most equal to k [1], We introduce the following: