Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measurement of the correlations between the polar angles of leptons from top quark decays in the helicity basis at $\sqrt{s}=7$TeV using the ATLAS detector

A measurement of the correlations between the polar angles of leptons from the decay of pair-produced t and ¯ t quarks in the helicity basis is reported, using proton-proton collision data collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The dataset corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 fb − 1 at a center-of-mass energy of √ s = 7 TeV collected during 2011. Candidate events are selected in the dilepton topology with large missing transverse momentum and at least two jets. The angles θ 1 and θ 2 between the charged leptons and the direction of motion of the parent quarks in the t ¯ t rest frame are sensitive to the spin information, and the distribution of cos θ 1 · cos θ 2 is sensitive to the spin correlation between the t and ¯ t quarks. The distribution is unfolded to parton level and compared to the next-to-leading order prediction. A good agreement is observed.
The Gaia-ESO Survey: metallicity and kinematic trends in the Milky Way bulge

Aims. Observational studies of the Milky Way bulge are providing increasing evidence of its complex chemo-dynamical patterns and morphology. Our intent is to use the iDR1 Gaia-ESO Survey (GES) data set to provide new constraints on the metallicity and kinematic trends of the Galactic bulge, exploring the viability of the currently proposed formation scenarios. Methods. We analyzed the stellar parameters and radial velocities of similar to 1200 stars in five bulge fields wich are located in the region -10 degrees < / < 7 degrees and -10 degrees < b < -4 degrees. We use VISTA Variables in the Via Lactea (VVV) photometry to verify the internal consistency of the atmospheric parameters recommended by the consortium. As a by-product, we obtained reddening values using a semi-empirical Tdf -color calibration. We constructed the metallicity distribution functions and combined them with photometric and radial velocity data to analyze the properties of the stellar populations in the observed fields. Results. From a Gaussian decomposition of the metallicity distribution functions, we unveil a clear bimodality in all fields, with the relative size of components depending of the specific position on the sky. In agreement with some previous studies, we find a mild gradient along the minor axis (-0.05 dex/deg between b = -6 degrees and b = -10 degrees) that arises from the varying proportion of metal-rich and metal-poor components. The number of metal-rich stars fades in favor of the metal-poor stars with increasing b. The K-magnitude distribution of the metal-rich population splits into two peaks for two of the analyzed fields that intersects the near and far branches of the X-shaped bulge structure. In addition, two lateral fields at (l,b) = (7, -9) and (l, b) = (-10, 8) present contrasting characteristics. In the former, the metallicity distribution is dominated by metal-rich stars, while in the latter it presents a mix of a metal-poor population and and a metal-intermediate one, of nearly equal sizes. Finally, we find systematic differences in the velocity dispersion between the metal-rich and the metal-poor components of each field. Conclusions. The iDR I bulge data show chemo-dynamical distributions that are consistent with varying proportions of stars belonging to (i) a metal-rich boxy/peanut X-shaped component, with bar-like kinematics; and (ii) a metal-poor more extended rotating structure with a higher velocity dispersion that dominates far from the Galactic plane. These first GES data already allow studying the detailed spatial dependence of the Galactic bulge populations, thanks to the analysis of individual fields with relatively high statistics. (Less)
Lower Extremity Posture Assistive Wearable Devices: A Review

Many work-related tasks demand able-bodied employees to assume uncomfortable postures for long periods. This can lead to work-related musculoskeletal disorders. The situation demands the employees to be physically empowered while ensuring their agility and flexibility. In that context, wearable bodyweight support systems have come to the forefront as a futuristic solution to reduce the stress on the human body when assuming sitting and/or crouched postures. Recently, heightened attention on these posture assistive devices was evident with an increasing number of products, patents, and research articles. However, reviews of such wearable posture assistive devices for the lower limbs are lacking in the literature. Thus, this article specifically focuses on reviewing existing methods and technologies to assist workers in the industrial or service sectors to work in uncomfortable or crouched postures. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses extension for scoping reviews method was used to identify and analyze 43 unique designs from research and patent databases. The critical review of the technologies was performed after classifying these devices into commercial phase, lab/research phase, and conceptual design phase. This review has comprehensively covered the trends and patterns of the modern developments in posture assistance and includes future directions for the research community. Holistically, this article serves as a reference to set up a benchmarking system for wearable posture assistive devices.
Teachers’ Identity Tensions and Related Coping Strategies: Interaction With the Career Stages and Socio-Political Context

When external requirements conflict with teachers’ personal beliefs and values, the resulting internal struggles can lead to identity tensions. Contributing to discussion on teachers’ identity development in a challenging context, this study investigated teacher identity tensions and related coping strategies in Hong Kong. We conducted 21 semi-structured interviews with qualified teachers and then performed a deductive thematic analysis of the data. We categorised the identity tensions as positioned on the micro or macro level, and distinguished the coping strategies as emotion-focused or problem-focused behaviours. The identity tensions and related coping strategies seemed to be associated with teachers’ career stages. We further found identity tensions to be related to the school’s sociocultural environment and to the specific political and societal forces in the region. The study demonstrated the need for continuous and differentiated support catering for teachers’ needs, and highlighted the specific social-political influences on professional identity development.
Multi-method approach shows stock structure in Loligo forbesii squid

Knowledge of stock structure is a priority for effective assessment of commercially-fished cephalopods. Loligo forbesii squid are thought to migrate inshore for breeding and offshore for feeding and long-range movements are implied from past studies showing genetic homogeneity in the entire neritic population. Only offshore populations (Faroe and Rockall Bank) were considered distinct. The present study applied mitchondrial and microsatellite markers (nine loci) to samples from Rockall Bank, north Scotland, North Sea, various shelf locations in Ireland, English Channel, northern Bay of Biscay, north Spain, and Bay of Cadiz. No statistically significant genetic sub-structure was found, although some non-significant trends involving Rockall were seen using microsatellite markers. Differences in L. forbesii statolith shape were apparent at a subset of locations, with most locations showing pairwise differences and statoliths from north Ireland being highly distinct. This suggests that (i) statolith shape is highly sensitive to local conditions and (ii) L. forbesii forms distinguishable groups (based on shape statistics), maintaining these groups over sufficiently long periods for local conditions to affect the shape of the statolith. Overall evidence suggests that L. forbesii forms separable (ecological) groups over short timescales with a semi-isolated breeding group at Rockall whose distinctiveness varies over time.
Coleman-Weinberg linear inflation: metric vs. Palatini formulation

It has been previously shown that the linear inflation appears naturally as a solution of Coleman-Weinberg inflation, provided that the inflaton has a non-minimal coupling to gravity and the Planck scale is dynamically generated. We revisit the previous study by improving the discussion of reheating and by comparing the results of the metric and the Palatini formulations of non-minimal gravity. We find that both formulations predict linear inflation but a different number of e-folds. If the non-minimal coupling is larger than one, future experimental sensitivity can discriminate between the two realizations.
New Physical Insights about Tidal Disruption Events from a Comprehensive Observational Inventory at X-Ray Wavelengths

We perform a comprehensive study of the X-ray emission from 70 transient sources that have been classified as tidal disruption events (TDEs) in the literature. We explore the properties of these candidates, using nearly three decades of X-ray observations to quantify their properties and characteristics. We find that the emission from X-ray TDEs increase by two to three orders of magnitude, compared to pre-flare constraints. These emissions evolve significantly with time, and decay with power-law indices that are typically shallower than the canonical t−5/3 decay law, implying that X-ray TDEs are viscously delayed. These events exhibit enhanced (relative to galactic) column densities and are quite soft in nature, with no strong correlation between the amount of detected soft and hard emission. At their peak, jetted events have an X-ray to optical ratio ≫1, whereas non-jetted events have a ratio ∼1, which suggests that these events undergo reprocessing at different rates. X-ray TDEs have long T90 values, consistent with what would be expected from a viscously driven accretion disk formed by the disruption of a main-sequence star by a black hole with a mass <107 M⊙. The isotropic luminosities of X-ray TDEs are bimodal, such that jetted and non-jetted events are separated by a “reprocessing valley” that we suggest is naturally populated by optical/UV TDEs that most likely produce X-rays, but this emission is “veiled” from observations due to reprocessing. Our results suggest that non-jetted X-ray TDEs likely originate from partial disruptions and/or disruptions of low-mass stars.
A Framework to Create a Deep Learning Detector from a Small Dataset: A Case of Parawood Pith Estimation

A deep learning-based object detector has been successfully applied to all application areas. It has high immunity to variations in illumination and deviations among objects. One weakness of the detector is that it requires a huge, undefinable dataset for training the detector to avoid overtraining and make it deployable. This research proposes a framework to create a deep learning-based object detector with a limited-sized dataset. The framework is based on training the detector with the regions surrounding an object that typically contain various features over a more extensive area than the object itself. Our proposed algorithm further post-processes the detection results to identify the object. The framework is applied to the problem of wood pith approximation. The YOLO v3 framework was employed to create the detector with all default hyperparameters based on the transfer learning approach. A wood pith dataset with only 150 images is used to create the detector with a ratio between training to testing of 90:10. Several experiments were performed to compare the detection results from different approaches to preparing the regions surrounding a pith, i.e., all regions, only close neighbors, and only diagonal neighbors around a pith. The best experiment result shows that the framework outperforms the typical approach to create the detector with approximately twice the detection precision at a relative average error. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-01-017 Full Text: PDF
The thickness of a weakly magnetized accretion flow inside the last stable orbit of a Kerr black hole

If accretion disc contains weak frozen-in entangled magnetic fields, their dynamical effect may be important inside the last stable orbit because of the decompression near the sonic point. Here, I consider the radial and vertical structure of a nearly free-falling flow inside the last stable orbit of a thin disc around a Kerr black hole. The thickness of such a flow is determined primarily by the vertical stress created by radial and azimuthal magnetic fields. The thickness is predicted to oscillate vertically around its equilibrium value determined by the magnetic field balance with gravity. For thin discs, this thickness is much larger than that of the accretion disc itself. Numerical simulations with HARM2d show the vertical structure is more complicated. In particular, magnetically supported disc seems to be unstable to segregation of matter into thinner streams with the vertical scale determined by thermal pressure or other processes.
A POPULATION OF ULTRALUMINOUS X-RAY SOURCES WITH AN ACCRETING NEUTRON STAR

Most ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are believed to be X-ray binary systems, but previous observational and theoretical studies tend to prefer a black hole rather than a neutron star (NS) accretor. The recent discovery of 1.37 s pulsations from the ULX M82 X-2 has established its nature as a magnetized NS. In this work we model the formation history of NS ULXs in an M82- or Milky Way (MW)-like Galaxy, by use of both binary population synthesis and detailed binary evolution calculations. We find that the birth rate is around 10−4 yr−1 for the incipient X-ray binaries in both cases. We demonstrate the distribution of the ULX population in the donor mass–orbital period plane. Our results suggest that, compared with black hole X-ray binaries, NS X-ray binaries may significantly contribute to the ULX population, and high-mass and intermediate-mass X-ray binaries dominate the NS ULX population in M82- and MW-like Galaxies, respectively.
Pair Density Wave Instability of Cold Fermionic Atoms in an Optical Lattice

We show, based on microscopic models, that fermionic band insulators with multiple bands and strong interband attraction are generically unstable toward nonzero momentum Cooper pairing leading to a pair density wave (PDW) superfluid state. Our first model considers a band insulating state of fermionic atoms in a three-dimensional cubic optical lattice. We show that this insulator is unstable toward an incommensurate PDW in the vicinity of a Feshbach resonance. Our second model is a two-band tight-binding model relevant to electrons in solids; we show that the insulating state of this model has a PDW instability analogous to the exciton condensation instability in indirect band-gap semiconductors. We discuss relevant experimental signatures of the PDW state.
Feeding zinc biofortified sorghum stover decreases zinc deficiency in sheep

Study was conducted to evaluate feeding zinc (Zn) biofortifed sorghum stover to ameliorate Zn deficiency in sheep. The sorghum stover grown on zinc fortified soil was used for experimental feeding to Zn deficient sheep and compared with feeding unfortified stover as control for 120 days period. Application of zinc sulfate to soil @ 25 kg/ha increased the sorghum stover yield by 4.20 tonnes/hectare and enhanced the Zn content of stover by 14.4 ppm. Higher Zn intake in sheep fed biofortified stover resulted in significantly higher apparent gut absorption of Zn (37.2 vs 30.1%) and higher bioavailable Zn (6.12 vs 3.20 mg). Feeding Zn biofortified sorghum stover resulted in increase in plasma Zn content and the level was significantly higher after 3rd month of feeding the biofortified stover. The average plasma Zn content was significantly higher in group fed biofortified sorghum stover (1.14 vs 0.90 ppm). This resulted in higher Zn content in liver (150 vs 130 ppm, DM), enhanced activity of plasma superoxide dismutase (15.5 vs 10.3 Units/min) and better immune response to Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) vaccination (76.8 vs 59.5% inhibition). The results of this study prove that Zn fertilization of deficient soils is a practical method to increase the Zn content of stover and feeding of such biofortified stover can ameliorate the Zn deficiency in sheep.
N(N)LO event files: applications and prospects

In this contribution we comment on the use of NLO n-Tuples and consider their extension to NNLO. As an application of n-Tuples we present preliminary results of a strong coupling extraction from a measurement of the production of Z +2,3,4 jets at the LHC at 7TeV.
Retrieving intracycle interference in angle-resolved laser-assisted photoemission from argon

We report on a combined experimental and theoretical study of XUV ionization of atomic argon in the presence of a near-infrared (NIR) laser field. Using a table-top source of wavelength-selected femtosecond XUV pulses in combination with a velocity map imaging spectrometer we record angle- and energy-resolved photoelectron distributions and simulate the experimental data by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation ab initio. In order to compare with the experimental data we average the calculated energy-angle probability distributions over the experimental focal volume for different values of the magnetic quantum number of the photoelectron. This averaging procedure washes out the intracycle interference pattern, which would otherwise be observed in the form of angular modulations of the photoelectron spectra. We recover these modulations experimentally and in the simulations by evaluating the difference between two averaged distributions that are obtained for slightly different NIR laser field intensities.
Time-dependent renormalized-natural-orbital theory applied to laser-driven H$_2^+$

Recently introduced time-dependent renormalized-natural orbital theory (TDRNOT) is extended towards a multi-component approach in order to describe H$_2^+$ beyond the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. Two kinds of natural orbitals, describing the electronic and the nuclear degrees of freedom are introduced, and the exact equations of motion for them are derived. The theory is benchmarked by comparing numerically exact results of the time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation for a H$_2^+$ model system with the corresponding TDRNOT predictions. Ground state properties, linear response spectra, fragmentation, and high-order harmonic generation are investigated.
An Optically Faint Quasar Survey at z ∼ 5 in the CFHTLS Wide Field: Estimates of the Black Hole Masses and Eddington Ratios

We present the result of our spectroscopic follow-up observation for faint quasar candidates at z ∼ 5 in part of the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey wide field. We select nine photometric candidates and identify three z ∼ 5 faint quasars, one z ∼ 4 faint quasar, and a late-type star. Since two faint quasar spectra show the C iv emission line without suffering from a heavy atmospheric absorption, we estimate their black hole masses ( ) and Eddington ratios ( ). The inferred are 9.04 ± 0.14 and 8.53 ± 0.20, respectively. In addition, the inferred are −1.00 ± 0.15 and −0.42 ± 0.22, respectively. If we adopt that , the seed black hole masses ( ) of our z ∼ 5 faint quasars are expected to be in most cases. We also compare the observational results with a mass accretion model, where angular momentum is lost due to supernova explosions. Accordingly, of the z ∼ 5 faint quasars in our sample can be explained even if is . Since z ∼ 6 luminous qusars and our z ∼ 5 faint quasars are not on the same evolutionary track, z ∼ 6 luminous quasars and our z ∼ 5 quasars are not the same populations but different populations, due to the difference of a period of the mass supply from host galaxies. Furthermore, we confirm that one can explain of z ∼ 6 luminous quasars and our z ∼ 5 faint quasars even if their seed black holes are formed at z ∼ 7.
Knowledge or Responsibility? The Role of Media Use on Citizens’ Willingness to Pay for Environment Governance

It is not that the public is unwilling to participate in environmental protection, but rather that they lack the appropriate information. The media offers an alternative explanatory pathway to understanding citizens’ willingness to pay (WTP) for environmental governance, but the existing literature still lacks empirical studies on this topic and the intermediate mechanisms. Adopting an environmental communication perspective, this paper divided the environmental effects of media into two dimensions: knowledge growth and responsibility cultivation, and conducted an empirical analysis on whether, and how, media use affected citizens’ WTP, based on data from the China General Social Survey 2018 (hereafter, CGSS2018). The findings found that the frequency of media use significantly increased citizen’s WTP, in which individual environmental responsibility rather than environmental knowledge played a mediating effect; i.e., media use increased individuals’ WTP by increasing the public’s environmental responsibility. Furthermore, this study discovered that traditional media use had a significant effect on the citizens’ WTP, again verifying the mediating effect of individual environmental responsibility, while new media use did not have such a communication effect. This study extends the theories related to pro-environmental behaviors, and provides practical implications for the government to promote environmental governance and sustainability.
PROPER MOTION OF THE SUB-PARSEC-SCALE JET IN THE RADIO GALAXY 3C 66B

We present the proper motion of the sub-parsec-scale jet in a nearby elliptical galaxy 3C 66B. Observations were made at 2.3 GHz and 8.4 GHz at 10 epochs over four years, using the Very Long Baseline Array for all epochs and the Effelsberg 100 m telescope for the last epoch. The 8.4 GHz images showed that the proper motion increases from 0.21 to 0.70 mas yr−1, corresponding to an apparent speed of 0.30–0.96c, with a distance from the core on a sub-parsec scale. Our investigation suggests that the apparent increase in the proper motion can be explained by changes in the viewing angle, according to a relativistic beaming model. However, we still cannot eliminate the possibility that acceleration of the jet outflow speed or changes in the emissivity profile in the two-zone jet might be found in 3C 66B.
Dynamical Tides in Compact White Dwarf Binaries: Helium Core White Dwarfs, Tidal Heating, and Observational Signatures

Tidal dissipation in compact white dwarf (WD) binary systems signicantly inuences the physical conditions (such as surface temperature and rotation rate) of the WDs prior to mass transfer or merger. In these systems, the dominant tidal eects involve the excitation of gravity waves and their dissipation in the outer envelope of the star. We calculate the amplitude of tidally excited gravity waves in low-mass (0:3M ) helium-core (He) WDs as a function of the tidal forcing frequency ! Like carbonoxygen (CO) WDs studied in our previous paper, we nd that the dimensionless tidal torque F (! ) (inversely proportional to the eective tidal quality factor) depends on ! in an erratic way. On average, F (! ) scales approximately as ! 6 , and is several orders of magnitude smaller for He WDs than for CO WDs. We nd that tidal torques can begin to synchronize the WD rotation when the orbital period is less than about a hour, although a nearly constant asynchronization is maintained even at small periods. We examine where the tidally excited gravity waves experience non-linear breaking or resonant absorption at a critical layer, allowing us to estimate the location and magnitude of tidal heating in the WD envelope. We then incorporate tidal heating in the MESA stellar evolution code, calculating the physical conditions of the WD as a function of orbital period for dierent