Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Classification Model of Identifying Weeds Based on Chaotic Neural Network and the Empirical Mode Decomposition

This paper puts forward a classification method of imitating the human eyes to recognize image as a whole which combined chaotic neural network and the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD). The method takes the individual of weeds plant as the research object and utilizes the chaotic neural network, the EMD, Teager energy operator and cluster analysis technology comprehensively. Firstly take the two-dimensional gray image matrix as the chaotic neural network weight matrix directly. Use the chaotic neural network with n neurons expression to iterate and get the one-dimensional output curve. Secondly, make the EMD decomposition for the curve and get the corresponding intrinsic mode function (IMF) curves. Then make the Teager energy transformation for each IMF component and get the average Teager energy. Finally use the fuzzy clustering algorithm to cluster analyze and get the clustering results. It can realize the classification of different categories of weeds through analysis and contrast the results with the original images. The experiment proves the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm for classifying weeds, and it is a universal new method of weeds classification.
Quality management in China: the effects of firm characteristics and cultural profile

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate the underlying characteristics that influence quality management implementation at manufacturing companies operating in China.Design/methodology/approach – The data of this study were based on 199 manufacturing companies collected from a cross‐sectional survey in China. The cultural profiles of these companies were identified through cluster analysis. Multivariate analysis of variance was conducted to identify the effects of operating characteristics and cultural profile on the implementation level of quality management practices.Findings – The results show that in general, there is no significant difference in implementing quality management practices among companies of different operating characteristics in terms of company size, industry, ownership, and production process. This study reveals that cultural profile is a distinguishing factor to explain the difference in quality management implementation among the companies.Originality/value – As China.
A Measure Of Risk Tolerance Based On Economic Theory

Self-reported risk tolerance is a measurement of an individual's willingness to accept risk, making it a valuable tool for financial planners and researchers alike. Prior subjective risk tolerance measures have lacked a rigorous connection to economic theory. This study presents an improved measurement of subjective risk tolerance based on economic theory and discusses its link to relative risk aversion. Results from a web-based survey are presented and compared with results from previous studies using other risk tolerance measurements. The new measure allows for a wider possible range of risk tolerance to be obtained, with important implications for short-term investing.
Detecting hand washing activity among activities of daily living and classification of WHO hand washing techniques using wearable devices and machine learning algorithms

Abstract During COVID‐19, awareness of proper hand washing has increased significantly. It is critical that people learn the correct hand washing techniques and adopt good hand washing habits. Hence, this study proposes using wearable devices to detect hand washing activity among other daily living activities (ADLs) and classify steps proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO). Two experiments were conducted with 16 participants, aged from 20 to 31. The first experiment was hand washing following WHO regulation (ten participants), and the second experiment was performing eight ADLs (eight participants). All participants wore two wearable devices equipped with accelerometers and gyroscopes; one on each wrist. Four machine learning classifiers were compared in classifying hand washing steps in the leave‐one‐subject‐out (LOSO) mode. The SVM model with Gaussian kernel achieved the best performance in classifying 11 washing hands steps, with an average F1‐score of 0.8501. When detected among the other ADLs, hand washing following WHO regulation obtained the F1‐score of 0.9871. The study demonstrates that wearable devices are feasible to detect hand washing activity and the hand washing techniques as well. The classification results of getting the soap and rubbing thumbs are low, which will be the main focus in the future study.
Phishing Attack in Communication Networks is exposed using a Multi-Stage Machine Learning Approach

: Phishing is a cyber-attack that uses disguised email as a weapon and has been on the rise in recent times. If innocent Internet users click on a fraudulent link, it may cause them to fall victim divulging personal information such as credit card pin, login credentials, banking information, and other sensitive information. There are many ways in which attackers can trick victims revealing their personal information. In this article, we select important phishing URL features that can be used by an attacker to trick Internet users into taking the attacker’s desired action. We use two machine learning techniques to accurately classify our datasets. We compare the performance of other related techniques with our scheme. The results of the experiments show that the approach is highly e(cid:27)ective in detecting phishing URLs and attained an accuracy of 96.3% with a 17.2% false-positive rate, a 23.7% false-negative rate, and an error rate of 3.70%. The proposed scheme performs better compared to other selected related work. This shows that our approach can be used for real-time applications in detecting phishing URLs.
Desalting of saline waters--applications to New Mexico

Diminishing fresh water supplies in parts of New Mexico have sparked an interest in desalting of saline ground waters and oil field produced waters to supplement fresh water supplies. This paper briefly discusses desalination processes that have achieved commercial success around the world that might be used in New Mexico. These include multi-stage flash distillation, multiple effect distillation, vapor compression, electrodialysis, and reverse osmosis. Other minor processes include freezing, membrane distillation, and solar humidification. Brackish water desalination typically costs between $1.00 and $2.40 per thousand gallons, and seawater desalination typically costs between $0.80 and $12.00 per 1,000 gal of fresh water. In New Mexico in 2001, 26,862,407,960 gal of oil and gas field produced water were pumped out of the ground. If desalted and treated to standards for human consumption or other purposes, this produced water would contribute to solving future water supply problems in New Mexico. However, the dissolved hydrocarbons in this water presently make desalination difficult. Research into solving desalination problems pertinent to New Mexico is ongoing and will undoubtedly see both successes and failures in the next decade or two.
Charge pumping in MOS devices

Gate pulses applied to MOS transistors were found to stimulate a net flow of charge into the substrate. Investigation of this effect revealed a charge-pumping phenomeonon in MOS gate-controlled-diode structures. A first-order theory is given, whereby the injected charge is separated into two components. One component involves coupling via fast surface states at the Si-SiO 2 interface under the gate, while the other involves recombination of free inversion-layer charge into the substrate.
Identification of Customers’ Satisfaction Attributes in Offset Printing Industry

The purpose of this research is to identify, classify and rank the customer satisfaction attributes including must-be, performance and attractive ones in offset print-houses. The statistical population consists of all offset print-houses in Iran. The research tool splits into two questionnaires. The first one was open identifying the satisfaction attributes and the second one was designed based on Kano’s standard questionnaire. Stratified sampling used to collect data from respondents. Friedman and Kroskal-Wallis test used to rank attributes and compare the several independent groups applying SPSS package. Results showed that, out of 35 attributes, 14 were must-be, 6 performance and 12 attractive. The other 3 ones were indifferent from customers’ attitudes.
ON A DECISION SUPPORT FRAMEWORK FOR DISTRIBUTED COLLABORATIVE DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE

Modern realities have dictated a paradigm shift in design and manufacture practices towards distributed collaborative efforts. Such efforts at globalized synergy, however, invariably result in information intensive knowledge transfers, requiring not only information management but also deliberate structuring of decisions. This is of special concern in product development, where the interfaces between distinct phases of a design process are not well defined and largely misunderstood. The complexity of related design decisions is substantial. Bandwidth of information in knowledge transfers, high fidelity analyses, and ambiguity associated with interactions among distributed stakeholders engaged in shared, concurrent design tasks further complicate the matter. The result is poor communication, problematic changeovers, and hard-to- manufacture designs. Resulting design processes tend to be iterative and not only increase product development costs and extend time-to-market, but also ultimately impede collaboration. The roles of designers as decision-makers have consequently been occluded and there is a need for consistent decision support throughout the design process. In this paper, we present the concept of a Decision Support Framework for Distributed Collaborative Design and Manufacture. The focus is on providing designers with the means to model, structure, negotiate solutions to, and interface multi-attribute decisions, considering tradeoff in the context of risk and uncertainty.
The impact of quality management systems on financial performance under crisis conditions: evidence from SMEs

The purpose of this article is to investigate the impact of total quality management (TQM) practices adopted by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) on their financial performance in a period where economic and social crisis conditions are recognised. A questionnaire was distributed to 400 recipients and a total of 392 questionnaires have been fully and accurately completed resulting in a response rate equal to 98%. Those primary data collected were statistically processed conducting a scoring analysis and a multivariate (MANOVA) analysis. The scoring analysis showed the level of quality elements implemented and the MANOVA analysis presented the effect they had on the financial performance of the quality-oriented SMEs. The analysis revealed that all quality-oriented SMEs presented an improved performance in the two financial measures such as solvency and efficiency compared to the profitability and liquidity measures. The TQM SMEs (the quality-oriented SMEs that have continued their quality journey reaching the TQM level) were the ones that have shown further improvement in their financial performance and of those, the micro-SMEs were the most financially sustainable companies. In addition, the quality-oriented SMEs have continued their quality journey towards TQM, presenting an increased rate of transition to higher quality levels, using their Altman Z-score as the criterion.
Analysing Predictive Coding Algorithms for Document Review

Abstract: Lawsuits and regulatory investigations in today's legal environment demand corporations to engage in increasingly intense data-focused engagements to find, acquire, and evaluate vast amounts of data. In recent years, technology-assisted review (TAR) has become a more crucial part of the document review process in legal discovery. Attorneys now have been using machine learning techniques like text classification to identify responsive information. In the legal domain, text classification is referred to as predictive coding or technology assisted review (TAR). Predictive coding is used to increase the number of relevant documents identified, while reducing human labelling efforts and manual review of documents. Deep learning models mixed with word embeddings have demonstrated to be more effective in predictive coding in recent years. Deep learning models, on the other hand, have a lot of variables, making it difficult and time-consuming for legal professionals to choose the right settings. In this paper, we will look at a few predictive coding algorithms and discuss which one is the most efficient among them. Keywords: Technology-assisted-review, predictive coding, machine learning, text classification, deep learning, CNN , Unscented Kalman Filter, Logistic Regression, SVM
Rural hotel resilience during COVID-19: the crucial role of CSR

ABSTRACT The hospitality sector has been severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, and the situation of rural accommodation is particularly noteworthy due to its close relationship with the environment. In this context, the role of CSR as a strategy that contributes to social, economic, and environmental well-being takes on a crucial role. The main objective of this paper is to contribute to the early scientific literature analysing the influence of CSR strategies on the resilience of rural hotels in the wake of COVID-19. A total of 100 Spanish managers’ responses were analysed through PLS-SEM. The findings demonstrate a positive and significant impact of CSR strategies on resilience levels, and the effect of resilience on hotel performance. Additionally, we have found a mediating and moderating effect in the above-mentioned relationship. In terms of moderation, we show that the relationship is intensified when hotels possess an official sustainability certificate. And in terms of mediation, COVID-19 actions carried out by rural accommodations mediate the CSR-resilience relationship. Thus, the contribution of this study lies in providing solid long-term strategic alternatives based on sustainability to enable rural hotels to cope with cyclical crises and provide new insights in the hospitality industry literature.
The Role of Presence, Flow and Education Components in the Continuing Intention to e-Learn

This paper investigates learners’ experiences in virtual education environments and the impact on their continued intention to e-learn. We study how presence and flow affect behavioral intention to continue e-learning, and analyze the role of TAM perceptions on core components of the virtual education environment. We develop an integrated conceptual model, and we test it by means of a questionnaire-based survey and registered data collected from a broad sample of learners within a virtual education environment. The results strongly support the conceptual model, suggesting that the virtual education environment’s components (categorized by professor attitude and perceived didactic resource quality) play a key role in prompting learners’ perceptions, attitudes and behavioral intentions
5-Gb/s 2-channel bidirectional adaptive redundant FSOI demonstrator system

A novel board-to-board free space optical interconnect which operates on the principle of redundancy is described. Tolerance to misalignment is achieved through the use of 2D arrays of lasers and detectors together with an adaptive alignment algorithm based on redundant transceivers and a defocused optical interconnect. In this system, four 1.25 Gb/s data channels are supported by transmitter modules and receiver modules (2 per board) which contain 3 X 3 VCSEL and 3 X 3 photodiode arrays, respectively. The system was designed to have lateral misalignment tolerance of +/- 1 mm and angular tolerance of +/- 1 degree(s).
The Influence of Substituting Prices, Product Returns, and Service Quality on Repurchase Intention

The textile industry is production-intensive and incorporates diverse transactions made by multiple suppliers, corporate buyers, and supply chain members. In the business-to-business context, the cost for attracting a new customer is notably much higher than that needed to retain a present one. Customer loyalty in terms of customer repurchase intention has, therefore, been considered as a key determinant for textile companies to improve their efficiency and competitive advantage. This study aims to investigate the business-to-business repurchase intentions of Pakistan textile and clothing industry customers. The study framework specifically consolidates the mutual dynamics of appealing (service quality), facilitating (product returns), and averting (switching costs) factors altogether and the effect of these variables on customer satisfaction and thus on customer retention (repurchase intent) in the textile’s transactional scenario. A sample survey method is used for this study. The data collected through self-administered questionnaires (n = 325) from All Pakistan Textile Mills Association enlisted the employees of the companies. The structural equational modeling technique was applied to examine the study hypotheses. The findings contended that service quality and switching costs are essential determinants that shape the repurchase intentions. Therefore, product returns do not contribute toward customer satisfaction and also do not shape the intentions of business-to-business customers to repurchase from the same supplier after having even a good product return experience in past.
Synchronous Nyquist folding receiver using dual harmonics local oscillator signals

A synchronous Nyquist folding receiver (SNYFR) could intercept wideband signals in multi-Nyquist zones with two analog-to-digital converters. The instantaneous Nyquist zone (INZ) of the SNYFR may not exist or is not unique, and the dual local harmonics was presented to improve the stability of the SNYFR. It was found that the existence and unique conditions of the INZ determined that the frequency of the local oscillator signal (LOS) in one zone was constant. A symmetrical low-pass filter and dual harmonics LOSs were adopted to facilitate the detection of the INZ. Simulations showed that the proposed structure is valid for the interception of wideband radar signal. Key words: Electronic countermeasures, parameter estimation, linear frequency modulation, synchronous Nyquist folding receiver.
Neuro-psycho-social study : Comparison of executive functions in people with Internet addiction and non-clinical participants , Emphasizing the components of inattention , inhibition , working memory , self-motivation and time perception

Introduction: Internet addiction can be explained by various Neuro-psycho-social factors, among factors, executive functions can be mentioned as multifunctional neuropsychological structures. isolated people who have problems in their social and interpersonal relationships are more likely than others to become addicted to the Internet purpose : The aim of this study was to compare executive functions (working memory, inhibition, attention deficit, time perception and self-motivation) in people with Internet addiction and and non-clinical sample. Method: The study is a comparative study of causal studies and the statistical population of this study included all students of Imam Reza International University in Mashhad who were studying in the second semester of the academic year 1399-1400. The statistical sample of the study was 120 students (62 females and 58 males) who were selected by random sampling. Smirnov calmograph test (to determine the normality of the data), correlation and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25 statistical software. Findings: There is a correlation between the two components of Internet addiction and executive actions. , these two components have a direct effect on each other and between the components of executive actions (inhibition, working memory, attention, time management and selfmotivation) people with Internet addiction and normal people. There is a significant difference.
Ef fect of optical losses on the transmission performance of a radio-over-fiber distributed antenna system

The effects of optical losses on a directly-modulated radio-over-fiber (RoF) system used for distributed antenna networks are determined. The results show that with a properly designed bidirectional amplifier, the RoF link can tolerate over 20 and 16 dB of optical losses for down- and up-links, respectively. Simulation results are also consistent with the experimental data. These findings can contribute to the design of RoF distributed antenna systems with different topologies.
Pupil Diameter Study: Factors Effecting Pupil Size In Diabetic Patients

Purpose: This study was designed to assess the factors affecting the pupillary diameter in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Materials and Methods: One hundred and eight eyes of fifty-four patients were evaluated cross-sectionally to study the factors affecting the pupillary diameter in diabetic patients. The pupillary diameter was measured using a Pentacam 30 min after the cyclopentolate administration. The severity and duration of diabetes, phakic or intraocular lens status, pan-retinal photocoagulation history, α1 A -blocker use, intravitreal injection, and vitrectomy history were the items included in this study that could affect the pupillary diameter. The visual acuity and intraocular pressure were also assessed. Results: The outcomes of the present study revealed that the pupillary diameter was smaller in those patients with proliferative retinopathy and long-term diabetes, and that the mean pupillary diameter was also smaller in the intraocular lens implanted patients. In addition, α1 A -blocker use and a vitrectomy surgery history were related to the pupil size. Moreover, pan-retinal photocoagulation and the number of intravitreal injections were insignificantly related to the pupillary diameter. Conclusion: Among the factors studied, the severity and duration of diabetes were the prominent factors that played important roles in affecting the pupillary diameter in the diabetic patients.
The Global Nature of Intellectual Property: Discussion

In his very interesting paper written for this conference, Keith Maskus reviews Canadian patent policy in the light of changes in the treatment of intellectual property (IP) in the United States and the rest of the world and makes a series of recommendations concerning its future evolution. In general I find myself in complete agreement with his suggestions. In this discussion I will provide some additional context for two of his suggestions, specifically the recommendations against shifting to the recognition of broader claims and towards the U.S. standard on “burden of proof” in re-examination and litigation. I will also present evidence on the operation of the post-grant challenge system that is drawn from the U.S. and European experiences. I begin with a brief review of the “political economy” of IP protection, before giving a more detailed comparison of the U.S. and European legal and administrative systems for patent enforcement.