Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The impact of listed companies’ participation in targeted poverty alleviation on financing constraints: Mediating effect based on policy resources

This article aims to explore the inner relationship between targeted poverty alleviation and financing constraints of listed companies, and further reveal the underlying impact mechanism. Based on the data of listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share main board participating in targeted poverty alleviation from 2017 to 2020, graded response models and mediation models are conducted. From the perspective of resource motivation, the study examined the relationship between the investment in targeted poverty alleviation and financing constraints of listed companies and introduces policy resources as mediator variable to reveal the underlying mechanism. The study found that the participation of listed companies in targeted poverty alleviation can significantly ease financing constraints, and policy resources can play an intermediary effect in the process. For enterprises with different equity nature, in state-owned enterprises, policy resources play a small intermediary role between poverty alleviation inputs and financing constraints. Meanwhile, in non-state-owned enterprises, government subsidies play a significant intermediary role, and tax incentives play a small intermediary role. In response to this, policy suggestions such as improving the disclosure of poverty alleviation information, expanding policy preferences, and increasing poverty alleviation subsidies have been suggested.
Integrating Structured and Unstructured EHR Data for Predicting Mortality by Machine Learning and Latent Dirichlet Allocation Method

An ICU is a critical care unit that provides advanced medical support and continuous monitoring for patients with severe illnesses or injuries. Predicting the mortality rate of ICU patients can not only improve patient outcomes, but also optimize resource allocation. Many studies have attempted to create scoring systems and models that predict the mortality of ICU patients using large amounts of structured clinical data. However, unstructured clinical data recorded during patient admission, such as notes made by physicians, is often overlooked. This study used the MIMIC-III database to predict mortality in ICU patients. In the first part of the study, only eight structured variables were used, including the six basic vital signs, the GCS, and the patient’s age at admission. In the second part, unstructured predictor variables were extracted from the initial diagnosis made by physicians when the patients were admitted to the hospital and analyzed using Latent Dirichlet Allocation techniques. The structured and unstructured data were combined using machine learning methods to create a mortality risk prediction model for ICU patients. The results showed that combining structured and unstructured data improved the accuracy of the prediction of clinical outcomes in ICU patients over time. The model achieved an AUROC of 0.88, indicating accurate prediction of patient vital status. Additionally, the model was able to predict patient clinical outcomes over time, successfully identifying important variables. This study demonstrated that a small number of easily collectible structured variables, combined with unstructured data and analyzed using LDA topic modeling, can significantly improve the predictive performance of a mortality risk prediction model for ICU patients. These results suggest that initial clinical observations and diagnoses of ICU patients contain valuable information that can aid ICU medical and nursing staff in making important clinical decisions.
Safety and Efficacy Re-Evaluation of Edoxaban and Rivaroxaban Dosing With Plasma Concentration Monitoring in Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation: With Observations of On-Label and Off-Label Dosing

Background: Off-label dosing of direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) as a treatment for non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) is problematic. Here, we investigated the status of rivaroxaban and edoxaban dosing by monitoring plasma concentrations (PCs). Methods and Results: We monitored drug PCs in 391 and 333 outpatients receiving rivaroxaban and edoxaban, respectively, for NVAF. Drug doses were adjusted if the PC was above the cut-off value (rivaroxaban: 404 ng/mL; edoxaban: 402 ng/mL), determined from receiver operating characteristic curves for predicting bleeding events. On-label standard dosing was reduced to off-label underdosing due to high PCs above the cut-off more often for rivaroxaban (28.1%) than edoxaban (12.6%; P<0.001). Over a median follow-up of 13 months for rivaroxaban and 10 months for edoxaban, the annual incidence of bleeding events was higher with rivaroxaban than with edoxaban (4.88 vs. 3.73 patient-years; P<0.05), although no thromboembolic events occurred in either group. Furthermore, for patients with creatinine clearance >50 mL/min and body weight ≤60 kg, there was a greater incidence of bleeding events with rivaroxaban on-label 15 mg dosing than with edoxaban on-label 30 mg dosing (22.2% vs 2.9%; P<0.01). Conclusions: Monitoring the PCs of rivaroxaban and edoxaban in NVAF patients enables dose adjustments to reduce bleeding risk. The incidence of bleeding under drug PC monitoring was less in the edoxaban than rivaroxaban group.
Soil profile N2O efflux from a cotton field in arid Northwestern China in response to irrigation and nitrogen management

It remains uncertain how different N inputs as synthetic fertilizer or manure and irrigation types affect nitrous oxide (N2O) production and effluxes in the subsurface. A field trial was carried out in 2016 to evaluate the impacts of conventional urea, animal manure, and a 50/50 mix of urea and manure on N2O production/effluxes from a cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) field under flood or drip irrigation in northwestern China. Soil N2O concentrations were monitored at 5, 15, 30, and 60 cm depths to assess the production and diffusion rates of N2O in the soil profile. The results showed that N2O concentrations in 0–60 cm ranged between 221 and 532 nL L−1 and averaged 344 nL L−1, which was generally lower compared to other studies in the same region. Manure and flood irrigation significantly increased N2O production at 0–5 cm and 5–15 cm, respectively. That is, the effects of nitrogen management and irrigation types on the N2O production of the profile were reflected in the surface layers and subsurface layers, respectively. All N2O production occurred in the 0–15 cm layer, with the 0–5 cm depth contributing 87%–100% of the surface emissions. The response discrepancy of N2O production/diffusion to irrigation and nitrogen management in different soil depths should be fully considered in developing agricultural N2O emission reduction measures.
Impact of MODIS polar winds in ECMWF's 4DVAR data assimilation system

Abstract This study investigates the impact of a new satellite-derived wind product over the polar regions on ECMWF's global four-dimensional variational assimilation system. The winds are derived at the University of Wisconsin— Madison by tracking structures in successive swaths from the polar-orbiting Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the Terra satellite. The new wind product provides unprecedented coverage of the polar wind field. The data are assimilated subject to cautious quality control at lower levels and over land. The MODIS winds have a positive impact on medium-range global weather forecasts, particularly over the polar regions, but also elsewhere over the Northern Hemisphere. The mean polar wind analysis can be considerably altered as a result of the MODIS winds assimilation. Sensitivity calculations highlight the importance of polar regions for forecasts in the midlatitudes and indicate how MODIS winds can reduce key analysis errors in this region. The MODIS winds are n.
2D-3D reconstruction of the proximal femur from DXA scans: Evaluation of the 3D-Shaper software

Introduction: Osteoporosis is currently diagnosed based on areal bone mineral density (aBMD) computed from 2D DXA scans. However, aBMD is a limited surrogate for femoral strength since it does not account for 3D bone geometry and density distribution. QCT scans combined with finite element (FE) analysis can deliver improved femoral strength predictions. However, non-negligible radiation dose and high costs prevent a systematic usage of this technique for screening purposes. As an alternative, the 3D-Shaper software (3D-Shaper Medical, Spain) reconstructs the 3D shape and density distribution of the femur from 2D DXA scans. This approach could deliver a more accurate estimation of femoral strength than aBMD by using FE analysis on the reconstructed 3D DXA. Methods: Here we present the first independent evaluation of the software, using a dataset of 77 ex vivo femora. We extend a prior evaluation by including the density distribution differences, the spatial correlation of density values and an FE analysis. Yet, cortical thickness is left out of this evaluation, since the cortex is not resolved in our FE models. Results: We found an average surface distance of 1.16 mm between 3D DXA and QCT images, which shows a good reconstruction of the bone geometry. Although BMD values obtained from 3D DXA and QCT correlated well (r 2 = 0.92), the 3D DXA BMD were systematically lower. The average BMD difference amounted to 64 mg/cm3, more than one-third of the 3D DXA BMD. Furthermore, the low correlation (r 2 = 0.48) between density values of both images indicates a limited reconstruction of the 3D density distribution. FE results were in good agreement between QCT and 3D DXA images, with a high coefficient of determination (r 2 = 0.88). However, this correlation was not statistically different from a direct prediction by aBMD. Moreover, we found differences in the fracture patterns between the two image types. QCT-based FE analysis resulted mostly in femoral neck fractures and 3D DXA-based FE in subcapital or pertrochanteric fractures. Discussion: In conclusion, 3D-Shaper generates an altered BMD distribution compared to QCT but, after careful density calibration, shows an interesting potential for deriving a standardized femoral strength from a DXA scan.
Spectroscopic Survey of M Dwarfs within 100 Parsecs of the Sun

We have constructed a sample of M dwarfs out to a distance of ∼100 pc. This sample of 605 stars (574 M dwarfs and 31 K dwarfs) have been spectroscopically observed, yielding spectral types, radial velocities, Hα equivalent widths, and molecular band indices. Photometric observations have been compiled, with photographic plates providing RI magnitudes and JHKs magnitudes from Two Micron All Sky Survey observations. Proper motions were determined by a match to USNO-B, and distances were computed employing a spectroscopic parallax, allowing the computation of UVW space motions. These data were used to investigate the distribution of magnetically active stars within the solar neighborhood. We find that there is no statistically significant variation in activity for equidistant locations above and below the Galactic plane. We also confirm prior kinematic analysis of large samples of M dwarfs, finding that active stars form a dynamically colder population.
Interpretation and correction of single-line drawings for the reconstruction of objects in space

The paper describes an approach for interpreting and correcting single line drawings to reconstruct three dimensional polyhedral objects in space. In order to compensate the information lost during perspective projection, suitable a priori knowledge about the object is introduced as additional information. Rules are implemented to automatically generate hypothesis about relations of the object in space. Algorithms of rules are implemented to automatically generate hypothesis about relations of the object in space. Algorithms of the inverse perspective, known in literature, are adopted for the approach. The input sketches may not correspond to the a priori knowledge of the object. To achieve an optimal 3D-description of the object, all available observations and additional information are to be taken into consideration in a least-squares adjustment to estimate the unknown object points and to correct the inconsistent sketches. Examples demonstrate the efficiency of the presented approach.
Noise in slow saturable absorber mode-locked semiconductor lasers

A theoretical investigation of the influence of noise in a passively mode-locked semiconductor laser with a slow saturable absorber is presented. Difference equations for the pulse energy and jitter are derived. We find that noise leads to increased pulse durations and considerable jitter. The influence of noise, for systems with and without self-phase modulation and group velocity dispersion, on the pulse energy and stability regions is discussed.
Leisure time sedentary behaviour and risks of breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer: A Mendelian randomization analysis

Introduction: Sedentary behaviours have been associated with increased risks of some common cancers in epidemiological studies; however, it is unclear if these associations are causal. Methods: We used univariable and multivariable two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to examine potential causal relationships between sedentary behaviours and risks of breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer. Genetic variants associated with self-reported leisure television watching and computer use were identified from a recent genome-wide association study (GWAS). Data related to cancer risk were obtained from cancer GWAS consortia. A series of sensitivity analyses were applied to examine the robustness of the results to the presence of confounding. Results: In the univariable models, a 1-standard deviation (SD:1.5 hours/day) increment in hours of television watching increased risk of breast cancer (OR per 1-SD: 1.15, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05, 1.26) and colorectal cancer (OR per 1-SD: 1.32, 95%CI: 1.16, 1.49) while there was little evidence of an association for prostate cancer risk (OR per 1-SD: 0.94, 95%CI: 0.84, 1.06). In multivariable MR models adjusted for years of education, the effect estimates for television watching were attenuated towards the null (breast cancer, OR per 1-SD: 1.08, 95%CI: 0.92, 1.27; colorectal cancer, OR per 1-SD: 1.08, 95%CI: 0.90, 1.31). However, in post-hoc analyses we found evidence of years of education having a possible confounding and mediating role in the association between television watching with breast and colorectal cancer. Consistent results were observed for each cancer site according to sex (colorectal cancer), anatomical subsites, and cancer subtypes. There was little evidence of associations between genetically predicted computer use and risk of all three cancers. Conclusion: We found evidence of positive associations between hours of television watching and risks of breast and colorectal cancer. However, these findings should be interpreted cautiously given the complex confounding and mediating role we found for years of education on the television watching and cancer relationship. Future studies using objective measures of exposure (e.g., accelerometers) can provide new insights into the possible role of sedentary behaviour in cancer development.
Convex bodies equidecomposable by locally discrete groups of isometries

We show that if a polytope K 1 , in ℝ d can be partitioned into a finite number of sets, and these sets can be moved by isometries in a locally discrete group to form a convex body K 2 , then K 2 is a polytope and a similar partition can be made where the sets involved are simplices with disjoint interiors. This gives partial answers to questions of Tarski, Sallee and Wagon.
A Bayesian Analysis of Technological Intelligence in Land and Oceans

Current research indicates that (sub)surface ocean worlds essentially devoid of subaerial landmasses (e.g., continents) are common in the Milky Way and that these worlds could host habitable conditions, thence raising the possibility that life and technological intelligence (TI) may arise in such aquatic settings. It is known, however, that TI on Earth (i.e., humans) arose on land. Motivated by these considerations, we present a Bayesian framework to assess the prospects for the emergence of TIs in land- and ocean-based habitats (LBHs and OBHs). If all factors are equally conducive for TIs to arise in LBHs and OBHs, we demonstrate that the evolution of TIs in LBHs (which includes humans) might have very low odds of roughly 1 in 103 to 1 in 104, thus outwardly contradicting the Copernican principle. Hence, we elucidate three avenues whereby the Copernican principle can be preserved: (i) the emergence rate of TIs is much lower in OBHs, (ii) the habitability interval for TIs is much shorter in OBHs, and (iii) only a small fraction of worlds with OBHs comprise appropriate conditions for effectuating TIs. We also briefly discuss methods for empirically falsifying our predictions and comment on the feasibility of supporting TIs in aerial environments.
ON SENTENCE- LENGTH AS A STATISTICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF STYLE IN PROSE: WITH APPLICATION TO TWO CASES OF DISPUTED AUTHORSHIP

ONE element of style which seems to be characteristic of an author, in so far as can be judged from general impressions, is the length of his sentences. This author develops his thought in long, complex and wandering periods: that finds sufficient for his purpose a sequence of sentences that are brief, clear and perspicuous. Since the length of a sentence can be readily measured, for practical purposes, by the number of words, it occurred to me that it would be of interest to subject this impression to statistical investigation. In carrying out the investigation, I met with more difficulties than I had foreseen. There are two terms used above: (1) Sentence, (2) Word. What is a sentence? What is a word, or what for present purposes is to be regarded as a word? Sentence. Let me cite the New English Dictionary:
Human-specific evolutionary markers linked to foetal neurodevelopment modulate brain surface area in schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia (SZ) is hypothesised to represent a costly trade-off in the evolution of the neurodevelopmental ontogenetic mechanisms associated with human-specific cognitive capacities. Human Accelerated Regions (HARs) are evolutionary conserved genomic regions that have accumulated human-specific sequence changes. These evolutionary markers function as neurodevelopmental transcription enhancers and have been associated with the brain's cortical expansion and connectivity, the processing of neural information, and the risk for SZ. We sought to investigate whether HARs' polygenic load influenced neuroanatomical measures. Our sample consisted of 128 patients with SZ and 115 healthy controls with high-resolution structural T1 MRI and genome-wide genotyping data. We extracted the cortical thickness (CT) and surface area (SA) for the 34 Desikan-Killiany regions per hemisphere. We calculated four polygenic risk scores (PRS): SZ genetic load (Global PRSSZ), HARs' specific variability (HARs PRSSZ), HARs' variability associated with transcriptional regulatory elements uniquely active in the foetal brain (FB-HARs PRSSZ) and in the adult brain (AB-HARs PRSSZ). Through linear regression analyses, we explored whether these four PRSs modulated CT and SA within diagnostic groups and the PRSs and diagnostic interaction on the cortical measures. Results indicate that FB-HARs PRSSZ influenced patients' right SA on the lateral orbitofrontal cortex, the superior temporal cortex, the pars triangularis and the paracentral lobule and that a higher SZ risk load in FB-HARs is associated with lower SA values. These findings evidence the involvement of the HARs-foetal gene regulatory activity in SA architecture and the evolutionary component of this regulation in SZ. These data emphasise the importance of HARs in the transcriptional regulatory machinery from early neurodevelopment and their role as the bridging point between the neurodevelopmental and evolutionary hypotheses in SZ.
Myocardial injury: where inflammation and autophagy meet

Abstract Autophagy is a highly conserved bulk degradation mechanism that degrades damaged organelles, aged proteins and intracellular contents to maintain the homeostasis of the intracellular microenvironment. Activation of autophagy can be observed during myocardial injury, during which inflammatory responses are strongly triggered. Autophagy can inhibit the inflammatory response and regulate the inflammatory microenvironment by removing invading pathogens and damaged mitochondria. In addition, autophagy may enhance the clearance of apoptotic and necrotic cells to promote the repair of damaged tissue. In this paper, we briefly review the role of autophagy in different cell types in the inflammatory microenvironment of myocardial injury and discuss the molecular mechanism of autophagy in regulating the inflammatory response in a series of myocardial injury conditions, including myocardial ischemia, ischemia/reperfusion injury and sepsis cardiomyopathy.
Kinematic reversal schemes for the geomagnetic dipole.

Fluctuations in the distribution of cyclonic convective cells, in the earth's core, can reverse the sign of the geomagnetic field. Two kinematic reversal schemes are discussed. In the first scheme, a field maintained by cyclones concentrated at low latitude is reversed by a burst of cyclones at high latitude. Conversely, in the second scheme, a field maintained predominantly by cyclones in high latitudes is reversed by a fluctuation consisting of a burst of cyclonic convection at low latitude. The precise fluid motions which produce the geomagnetic field are not known. However, it appears that, whatever the details are, a fluctuation in the distribution of cyclonic cells over latitude can cause a geomagnetic reversal.
A virus-borne DNA damage signaling pathway controls the lysogeny-induction switch in a group of temperate pleolipoviruses

Abstract Many prokaryotic viruses are temperate and their reactivation is tightly regulated. However, except for a few bacterial model systems, the regulatory circuits underlying the exit from lysogeny are poorly understood, especially in archaea. Here, we report a three-gene module which regulates the switch between lysogeny and replicative cycle in a haloarchaeal virus SNJ2 (family Pleolipoviridae). The SNJ2 orf4 encodes a winged helix-turn-helix DNA binding protein which maintains lysogeny through repressing the expression of the viral integrase gene intSNJ2. To switch to the induced state, two other SNJ2-encoded proteins, Orf7 and Orf8, are required. Orf8 is a homolog of cellular AAA+ ATPase Orc1/Cdc6, which is activated upon mitomycin C-induced DNA damage, possibly through posttranslational modification. Activated Orf8 initiates the expression of Orf7 which, in turn, antagonizes the function of Orf4, leading to the transcription of intSNJ2, thereby switching SNJ2 to the induced state. Comparative genomics analysis revealed that the SNJ2-like Orc1/Cdc6-centered three-gene module is common in haloarchaeal genomes, always present in the context of integrated proviruses. Collectively, our results uncover the first DNA damage signaling pathway encoded by a temperate archaeal virus and reveal an unexpected role of the widely distributed virus-encoded Orc1/Cdc6 homologs.
Possibility of Lower-Hybrid-Drift Instability in Laser Produced Plasma in a Uniform Magnetic Field

It is shown theoretically that Lower-Hybrid-Drift instability could occur on the surface of a laser-produced plasma column in a uniform magnetic field. Dispersion relation based on a linearized Vlasov equation with local approximation is numerically solved to demonstrate the dependence of this instability on the characteristic bouncing motion of a laser-produced plasma in a uniform magnetic field.