Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TECHNICAL BRIEFING NOTE 1: INDIVIDUAL CHILDREN AND HOUSEHOLDS

This impacts monetary poverty estimates2. The usual assumption that a child should count as a “0.7 of an adult” is doubtful even for caloric intake (when we compare, for instance, the requirements of adolescent boys and girls who go to school with adults that go to an office). It is clearly not valid when other expenditures (for example related to education, nutrition, etc.) are taken into account3.
A Timed Temporal Logic for Specifying Scheduling Problems (Extended Report)

As real-world scheduling applications diversify in scope and grow in complexity, there is an increasing need for domain-independent languages and reasoning systems that support their speciﬁcation and analysis. In this paper we explore Metric Temporal Logic (MTL) as a language to support the spec-iﬁcation of complex scheduling patterns including repeated and conditional occurrences of activities and rich temporal relationships among them. We modify the standard MTL semantics to better suit scheduling problems, and explore a series of natural restrictions to the language to gain tractability. In so doing, we provide a standard framework through which a variety of scheduling problems, from temporal networks and job shop scheduling to temporal planning, can be related and generalized. We also provide an algorithm to ﬁnd a schedule speciﬁed as an MTL formula, and establish the equivalence between a fragment of MTL and simple temporal networks (STNs).
Design and verification of the ship attitudes measuring and monitoring and analysis system

It is of significant importance to monitor the attitude of ship during navigation and operations. The three uppermost parameters of the attitude monitoring are roll, pitch and heave. For measuring the above parameters accurately, a sensor is designed in this paper. First, the attitude algorithm of this sensor is learned. A modified Rodrigues parametrisation-based method is developed in solving the attitude algorithm and extended Kalman filter algorithm is used to achieve the optimal value. The sensor calibration model was studied too. Second, in order to observe and measure the results more conveniently and intuitively, a user-friendly monitoring system is developed. Due to the development of the corresponding analysis system, the measured results can be analysed for a better understanding of the characteristics of the ship. Specially, the ship command parameters are as the input of the sensor and the corresponding closed-loop measure, and control system is designed to solve the problem that the current study cannot eliminate the effects of the attitude measurement inaccuracy of the sensor very well owing to the ship's acceleration. The control strategy is verified by the sea trials because the attitude measurement error caused by the ship's acceleration is significantly reduced. The accuracy of the designed attitude sensor is also verified. More importantly, the application prospects of the designed are also illustrated in this paper.
Preliminary induction motor electromagnetic sizing based on a geometrical approach

A methodology to design three-phase squirrel-cage induction motors is presented. The main aim of the study is the preliminary electromagnetic sizing of the machine, obtaining the machine overall dimensions (diameters, core axial length and rough stator and rotor shape) and a draft of the stator winding specifications (turn number and wire area). The procedure is based on a simple geometrical approach and self-consistent equations, without any use of empirical/corrective coefficients. In the proposed design tool, the machine geometrical dimensions are automatically computed starting from a few design specifications imposed by the user, such as rated voltage and torque and electric and magnetic material solicitations. In this study, the design procedures and algorithms are described step-by-step and, for each step, the used equations are reported in detail, in order to allow readers to develop own `do-it-yourself` software for induction motor electromagnetic design. The authors developed this software in a Microsoft Excel electronic sheet using embedded Visual Basic for Applications. To prove the goodness and accuracy of the proposed design tool, a comparison with two commercial software for electrical machine design and analysis has been done and discussed.
EXPLORING THE DEMAND FOR CIGARETTES: AN ANALYSIS OF ADULTS IN MALAYSIA

Smoking is an alarming public health issue in today’s rapidly urbanising society. The objective of the present study is to investigate factors associated with the demand for cigarettes among adults in Malaysia, i.e., an ASEAN country. Statistical analyses were performed using nationally representative data with a large sample. In terms of multivariate analysis, a Tobit model was used to examine the effects of sociodemographic factors on expenditure on cigarettes. Both conditional and unconditional expectations were estimated. We found that age, gender, wealth index, education and house locality were significantly associated with expenditure on cigarettes. The elderly spent less on cigarettes compared with young adults. Males and less-educated individuals spent more on cigarettes than females and well-educated individuals. There was a positive relationship between residing in urban areas and cigarettes expenditure. In conclusion, sociodemographic factors play an important role in determining the demand for cigarettes. Findings of the present study show that a successful anti-smoking policy should be targeted primarily at individuals who spend a large amount of money on cigarettes.
Development of an etchant for selectively etching TiWN/sub x/ in the presence of electroplated 95%Pb-5%Sn solder

Shrinking die sizes and increasing I/O density is motivating the push towards flip chip packages. A flip chip interconnection system with a under bump metallurgy stack containing sputtered TiWNx/sputtered Cu/electroplated Cu stud/electroplated 95%Pb-5%Sn was developed. An important step in the above process is the selective etching of the sputtered Cu bus layer and the TiWN/sub x/ barrier layer, in the presence-of the Pb-Sn solder. The Cu bus layer was selectively etched using commercial etchants. However, no commercial etchants were available for selectively etching the TiWN/sub x/ layer. H/sub 2/O/sub 2/-NH/sub 4/OH based etching systems, popularly known as Standard Clean-1 cleaning solutions, have been extensively used to clean silicon wafers in front end wafer fabrication where only trace metal contamination exists. Since metals like lead, copper, titanium, tin and tungsten catalyse the heterogeneous decomposition of the peroxide, the unstable H/sub 2/O/sub 2/-NH/sub 4/OH based etching systems are rarely used to etch metal films. In this paper the development of a H/sub 2/O/sub 2/-NH/sub 4/OH based etchant to selectively etch the sputtered TiWN/sub x/ films in the presence of electroplated 95%Pb-54%Sn solder bumps is discussed. A 2/sup 3/ full factorial experiment with mid point was conducted to establish the etchant composition, as well as process temperature, that give satisfactory responses with respect to etch time, permissable undercut of the Cu stud (caused by the NH/sub 4/OH), and acceptable bump shape after reflow. Statistical analysis was used to understand the significant factors influencing the etch rate and undercut. An etchant containing 6% by volume of 30%-H/sub 2/O/sub 2/ and 0.75% by volume of 30%-NH/sub 4/OH operated at a temperature of 37/spl deg/C was found to give satisfactory results.
PSO in Two-Wheeled Self-Balancing Robot Control Research

Two self-balancing robot is a nonlinear, multivariable, intrinsically unstable motion control system, For traditional LQR controller feedback matrix optimization problem is difficult to determine, Particle swarm optimization algorithm to optimize the LQR controller feedback matrix, The simulation results show, Utilizing particle swarm optimized LQR controller improves the stability of the system, reducing the system overshoot and oscillation frequency.
The Role of Mood in the Self-Care Activities of Primary Care Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

ABSTRACT This study investigated the impact of anxiety and depression on self-care activities among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using a longitudinal, ex-post-facto design. Concepts from the Theory of Reasoned Action, the Theory of Planned Behavior, and Albert Bandura’s work exploring self-efficacy were used to inform this study. Data were collected from primary care clinics providing social work-led integrated care to adults with T2DM. Results showed significant improvements in anxiety, depression, and self-care from the first to the third clinic visits. Findings indicated a significant relationship between anxiety and general diet scores, but anxiety did not have a statistically significant impact on any other self-care activities. No significant relationships were observed between depression and self-care, which was surprising given previous research. Findings have implications for working with adults with T2DM and provide directions for future research in understanding the relationship between mood and self-care among patients with T2DM.
Cochlear implant failure: diagnosis and treatment of soft failures

SUMMARY Objective Early diagnosis of cochlear implant failures (CIF) is a critical part of post-implantation follow-up. Diagnosis is challenging and time consuming. Our study aimed to describe diagnoses of CIF with emphasis on soft failures (SF), focusing on symptoms, time from symptoms to replacement, and differences between SF and hard failures (HF). Methods A retrospective review of medical records in a tertiary care referral paediatric medical centre including all patients who experienced CIF during 2000-2020. Results Of 1004 CI surgeries, 72 (7.2%) cases of CIF were included, of which 60 CIF were in children (mean age 3.1 years). Twenty-five cases were due to HF, 26 SF, and 21 due to medical reasons. Patients with SF were more likely to present with headache, dizziness, or tinnitus compared with those with HF. Facial stimulation and disconnections were more common in implants from Advanced Bionics, dizziness and tinnitus in Cochlear, and poor progression in Med-El. Mean time from symptoms to implant replacement surgery was longer in cases with SF compared to HF. Conclusions SF poses a diagnostic challenge. Symptoms such as headache, dizziness, and tinnitus are common. Diagnosis of failure should often be based on assessments of the implant and rehabilitation teams.
State Environmental Expenditures and Their Correlation with Seven Econometric Factors

Most states assume administrative ownership of federal environmental programs and tailor them to match their special jurisdictional needs. However, with primacy comes a performance obligation and, given declining federal EPA budgets and staffing levels, the monitoring and enforcement burdens associated with environmental regulations have shifted to the states. As the most visible regulatory and administrative force responsible for protecting the nation’s environment, the ability of state DEPs, DEQs, and DECs to effectively serve its citizens and constructively interact with the regulated community is critically dependent on the resources made available to it. Without adequate funding, the compliance and enforcement components of state environmental agency programs become mere paper tigers – threatening but ineffectual and without real substance. What factors influence the amount of spending states direct towards environmental programs? For the purposes of this paper, non-capital environmental expenditures between 2000 and 2009, adjusted to 2010 dollars, were chosen as the dependent variable for 49 states, exclusive of Hawaii because of its unique ecological and economic setting. Seven data sets were selected as independent variables; those possibly explaining or accounting for a state’s environmental spending choices. These include: population, total state expenditures, Gross State Product or GSP, the manufacturing and mining sectors of Gross State Product (M&M GSP), unemployment rates, total amounts (in pounds) of chemicals regulated by the Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) for discharges to air (fugitive and point source) and surface water, and health ranking score by state. A Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient was used to compare environmental expenditures for each state with the seven data sets. Population (in 15 states), GSP (in 21 states), M&M GSP (in 12 states) and total state expenditures (in 17 states) are the independent variables that seem to have the most connection with environmental expenditures. Each of these ties directly to the overall financial capacity of a state and they are roughly split in defining positive and negative relationships between the variables.
Examination and treatment of unilateral spatial neglect using virtual reality in three-dimensional space

ABSTRACT Here, we developed a method that randomly generates balloons in the left-right, up-down, and near-far spaces on a monitor using a head-mounted display. In this study, we evaluated a lack of stimulus-driven attention case that was undetected by conventional assessments such as the Behavioral Inattention Test. We could identify mild neglect with our virtual reality method, as later confirmed using the Catherine Bergego scale. After repeated practice under a tilted background space condition, the patient demonstrated a reduction in the time needed to perceive the appearing balloons, suggesting a therapeutic effect.
Terpyridines as promising antitumor agents: an overview of their discovery and development

ABSTRACT Introduction The fused aromatic system of terpyridines makes them good, innocent ligands for various metals. The resulting complexes have been extensively studied for both their biological activity and physico-chemical properties. However, although free ligands also have an interesting biological activity, their share in recent research is considerably limited. Areas covered This review covers the literature on the anticancer activity of terpyridines with special attention being paid to their use as free ligands. Whenever possible, the mechanism of action has been discussed, thereby providing evidence of the substantial differences between sole ligands or less stable complexes and those that have heavier elements. Expert opinion The existing literature indicates that there is a specific attitude for investigating terpyridines and their transition metal complexes. While the latter have been well explored and recognized in the scientific community, the free terpyridines are considered to be useful solely due to their complexing ability. At the same time, terpyridines could have similar or even higher anticancer potency than their complexes. Moreover, a mechanistic analysis of the stability and intracellular activity would provide information that would be useful for designing new drugs.
Recent updates in diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis with emphasis on nucleic acid amplification tests

ABSTRACT Introduction Abdominal tuberculosis (TB) is a common epitome of extrapulmonary TB (EPTB), wherein peritoneal and intestinal TB are the most prevalent forms. Diagnosis of abdominal TB is a daunting challenge owing to variable anatomical locations, paucibacillary nature of specimens and atypical clinical presentations that mimic other abdominal diseases, such as Crohn’s disease and malignancies. In this review, we made a comprehensive study on the diagnosis of abdominal TB. Area covered Various modalities employed for abdominal TB diagnosis include clinical features, imaging, bacteriological tests (smear/culture), histopathological/cytological observations, interferon-gamma release assays and nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs). Among NAATs, loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay, PCR, multiplex-PCR, nested PCR, real-time PCR and GeneXpert® MTB/RIF were discussed. Identification of circulating Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell-free DNA by real-time PCR within ascitic fluids is another useful approach. Expert opinion Several novel molecular/immunological methods, such as GeneXpert Ultra, aptamer-linked immobilized sorbent assay, immuno-PCR (I-PCR) and nanoparticle-based I-PCR have recently been developed for detecting pulmonary TB and several EPTB types, which may also be explored for abdominal TB diagnosis. Precise and prompt diagnosis of abdominal TB may initiate an early therapy so as to reduce the complications, i.e. abdominal pain, ascites, abdominal distension, intestinal obstruction/perforation, etc., and avoid surgical involvement. Plain Language Summary Abdominal tuberculosis (TB) is a manifestation of extrapulmonary TB (EPTB), where peritoneal and intestinal TB are two major forms. Diagnosis of abdominal TB is difficult owing to low bacterial load present in clinical samples and non-specific clinical presentations as it mimics other diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases, abdominal malignancies, etc. Bacteriological tests (smear/culture) almost fail owing to poor sensitivities and it is not always possible to get representative tissue samples for histopathological and cytological observations. In recent years, molecular tests i.e. nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), such as PCR/multiplex-PCR (M-PCR), nested PCR and GeneXpert are widely employed. Markedly, PCR/M-PCR and nested PCR exhibited reasonable good sensitivities/specificities, while GeneXpert revealed low sensitivity in most of the studies but high specificity, thus it could assist in differential diagnosis of intestinal TB and Crohn’s disease. Further, novel molecular/immunological tests employed for pulmonary TB and other EPTB types were described and those tests can also be utilized to diagnose abdominal TB. Reliable and rapid diagnosis of abdominal TB would initiate an early start of anti-tubercular therapy and reduce the severe complications.
Finite Element Vibration Analysis of Cracked Plates in Tension

Abstract : A finite element method of analysis is developed to determine the vibration characteristics of an aircraft fuselage panel, containing a fatigue crack. Experimental observations show that as the length of the crack increases, the frequency of vibration reaches a minimum when the free edge of the crack buckles. The variation in this phenomena with increasing plate width is studied both experimentally and theoretically. The analysis is developed in a systematic manner, and calculations are performed, at each stage, on problems with known solutions, in order to determine the accuracy of the method. The problems considered include the vibrations of flat plates of varying platform, the vibrations of a cylindrical shell, the buckling of a rectangular plate, and the vibrations of a rectangular plate in compression. The method is finally applied to the problem of a cracked plate in tension and the results compared with experimental measurements. The post buckling behaviour is calculated using a step-by-step analysis to permit linearisation of the governing equations. By considering the calculated stress distributions, the variation in buckling stress with crack length and plate width is explained. (Author)
Clinical efficacy and tumour microenvironment influence of decitabine plus R‐CHOP in patients with newly diagnosed diffuse large B‐Cell lymphoma: Phase 1/2 and biomarker study

Dear Editor, Epigenetic gene alterations play an important role on diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) progression.1 DNAmethyltransferase inhibitor (DNMTi) decitabine has demonstrated anti-lymphoma activities, but never been applied for newly diagnosed DLBCL treatment. Here, we conducted for the first time a phase 1/2 trial of decitabine plus standard immunochemotherapy rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (DR-CHOP, NCT02951728) in DLBCL patients with international prognostic index (IPI) ≥ 2. The study determined the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of decitabine as 10 mg/m2 on days 1–5 prior to R-CHOP on days 6–11 and showed promising efficacy and good tolerability. The trial enrolled 54 patients, 11 in phase 1 and 43 in phase 2 (Table 1). Among 49 evaluable patients (including six patients received the MTD of decitabine in phase 1), 39 (79.6%) patients achieved complete remission, and six (12.2%) patients achieved partial remission. Two-year progression-free survival (PFS), event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 71.4%, 65.3% and 87.8%, respectively (Figure 1A). Intermediate-high (IPI 2–3) or high-risk (IPI 4–5) patients presented similar outcomes (Figure 1B), irrespective on cell of origin and BCL2/MYC double expression (as defined by immunohistochemistry BCL2 ≥ 50% and MYC ≥ 40%) (Figure S1A,B). In our previous cohort of NHL-001 (NCT01852435), 2-year PFS was 59.6%, with OS as 76.2% for IPI ≥ 2 patients with standard R-CHOP (R-CHOP50 and R-CEOP70)2 (Figure 1C). The main adverse events (Table S1) were grade 3–4 hematological toxicity, particularly grade 3–4 neutropenia, comparable to other novel targeted agents plus R-CHOP as ibrutinib, lenalidomide and venetoclax3 and manageable
Stimulation of ammonia oxidizer and denitrifier abundances by nitrogen loading: Poor predictability for increased soil N2O emission

Unprecedented nitrogen (N) inputs into terrestrial ecosystems have profoundly altered soil N cycling. Ammonia oxidizers and denitrifiers are the main producers of nitrous oxide (N2O), but it remains unclear how ammonia oxidizer and denitrifier abundances will respond to N loading and whether their responses can predict N‐induced changes in soil N2O emission. By synthesizing 101 field studies worldwide, we showed that N loading significantly increased ammonia oxidizer abundance by 107% and denitrifier abundance by 45%. The increases in both ammonia oxidizer and denitrifier abundances were primarily explained by N loading form, and more specifically, organic N loading had stronger effects on their abundances than mineral N loading. Nitrogen loading increased soil N2O emission by 261%, whereas there was no clear relationship between changes in soil N2O emission and shifts in ammonia oxidizer and denitrifier abundances. Our field‐based results challenge the laboratory‐based hypothesis that increased ammonia oxidizer and denitrifier abundances by N loading would directly cause higher soil N2O emission. Instead, key abiotic factors (mean annual precipitation, soil pH, soil C:N ratio, and ecosystem type) explained N‐induced changes in soil N2O emission. Altogether, these findings highlight the need for considering the roles of key abiotic factors in regulating soil N transformations under N loading to better understand the microbially mediated soil N2O emission.
Studying the effects of mismatching and clock-feedthrough in switched-current filters using behavioral simulation

Mismatching and clock-feedthrough are sources of error in Switched-Current (SI) circuits producing DC offset, gain errors, and harmonic distortion, which cause deviations in SI filter responses in both the passband and the stopband. This paper develops formulas including these effects in the input-output description of filter building blocks to make possible not only a faster prediction of the filter performance levels but also to analyze tradeoffs at the early design stages. The block input-output descriptions have been derived taking into account the real physical realization of these blocks together with simple error models. Using these behavioral input-output descriptions, we have studied the extent of these effects in the performance of two different SI filter realizations of passive LC ladder structures: one using integrators to simulate the signal flow graph (SFG) of the ladder and another based on the use of wave active filter (WAF) structures. Monte Carlo simulations of a filter example are presented and analyzed.