Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What drives Indonesian financial satisfaction in the pandemic?

Financial satisfaction has changed since the Covid-19 pandemic since many people experience health problems, lose their jobs, until psychological disorders. This study aims to determine the factors driving income earners' financial satisfaction before and during the Covid-19 outbreak in Indonesia. The variables studied are religiosity, ethnicity, and health level related to financial activities. This research method uses a quantitative approach to estimate the factors that influence financial satisfaction using multiple linear regression and comparison tests between financial satisfaction before and during the Covid-19 outbreak. There are 159 respondents in this study. The research result shows that religiosity and the ethnic had no significant effect on financial satisfaction before and during the Covid-19 outbreak. Yet, the health level significantly impacted financial satisfaction before and during the Covid-19 outbreak. Health level is an essential factor so that a person can work very well to generate income and obtain financial satisfaction. The respondents’ financial satisfaction before and during the Covid-19 is significantly different. Respondents also have more financial anxiety during the Covid-19 outbreak. The research implication is that the Indonesian people must consider financial planning that suits with financial conditions. Due to the more suitable financial planning, it will increase Indonesian financial satisfaction even during the Covid-19 outbreak.
Why Does Rapid Naming Predict Chinese Word Reading?

ABSTRACT Rapid automatized naming (RAN) robustly predicts early reading abilities across languages, but its underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study found that RAN associated significantly with processing speed but not with phonological awareness or orthographic knowledge in 89 Hong Kong Chinese second-graders. RAN overlaps more with processing speed (18% of individual variation) in predicting word reading fluency, than with phonological (4%) or orthographic awareness (3%), suggesting that processing speed contributed more strongly to the RAN-reading fluency relation in Chinese. Nonetheless, RAN remained significant in predicting Chinese word-level reading fluency when all other cognitive tasks were taken into account, suggesting that no single construct can fully explain RAN’s relation to reading, but that multiple components influence this relation. Moreover, when reading abilities in second language English were considered, the association between RAN and word reading fluency was marginally stronger in Chinese than in English. Implications for mechanisms underlying the RAN-reading relation are discussed.
Convex polytopes, Coxeter orbifolds and torus actions

0. Introduction. An n-dimensional convex polytope is simple if the number of codimension-one faces meeting at each vertex is n. In this paper we investigate certain group actions on manifolds, which have a simple convex polytope as orbit space. Let P" denote such a simple polytope. We have two situations in mind. (1) The group is Z, M" is n-dimensional and (2) The group is T", M is 2n-dimensional and M2"/T" P". Up to an automorphism of the group, the action is required to be locally isomorphic to the standard representation of Z. on in the second case. In the first case, we call M a "small cover" of P"; in the second, it is a "toric manifold" over P. First examples are provided by the natural actions of Z. and T" on RP" and CP", respectively. In both cases the orbit space is an n-simplex. Associated to a small cover of P", there is a homomorphism 2" Z’ Z, where m is the number of codimension-one faces of P". The homomorphism 2 specifies an isotropy subgroup for each codimension-one face. We call it a "characteristic function" of the small cover. Similarly, the characteristic function ofa toric manifold over pn is a map Z --) 7/". A basic result is that small covers and toric manifolds over P" are classified by their characteristic functions (see Propositions 1.7 and 1.8). The algebraic topology of these manifolds is very beautiful. The calculation of their homology and cohomology groups is closely related to some well-known constructions in commutative algebra and the combinatorial theory of convex polytopes. We discuss some of these constructions below. Let f denote the number of/-faces of P" and let h denote the coefficient of "in f(t 1). Then (fo, f,) is called the f-vector and (ho, h,) the h-vector of P". The f-vector and the h-vector obviously determine one another. The Upper Bound Theorem, due to McMullen, asserts that the inequality h < (,-,{-x), holds for all n-dimensional convex polytopes with m faces of codimension one. In 1971 McMullen conjectured simple combinatorial conditions on a sequence (h0, h,) of integers necessary and sufficient for it to be the h-vector of a simple convex polytope. The sufficiency of these conditions was proved by Billera and Lee and necessity by Stanley (see [Bronsted] for more details and references). Research on
Nitrous oxide emissions from drained and mineral soil-dressed peatland in central Hokkaido , Japan

Nitrous oxide emissions from a drained peatland area (D site) and a drained and mineral soil-dressed (D-SD site) peatland area in central Hokkaido Island, northern Japan were measured. Nitrous oxide flux at the D-SD site was –0.01-1.15 mgN m hr, showing a sudden increase during the period JuneOctober. Nitrous oxide flux at the D site was –0.01-4.47 mgN m hr, showing much higher fluxes (0.40-4.47 mgN m hr) during July-October 2004 than other monitoring periods (0.30 mgN m hr maximum flux). The nitrous oxide concentration in the soil rose remarkably concomitantly with the nitrous oxide flux in 2004. These fluxes were much higher than those measured in an undeveloped mire near this study site. Annual nitrous oxide emissions at the D and D-SD site were 3.8-41.7 kgN ha yr; which were far larger than in the above-described undeveloped mire (0.3 kgN ha yr). The results of this study showed that the conversion of peatland into agricultural land with drainage and soil dressing changed their atmospheric impact dramatically. Nitrous oxide concentrations of soil gas were higher at the D site than at the D-SD site, particularly during 2004. High nitrous oxide concentrations in the soil gas corresponded to dramatically high nitrous oxide fluxes at the D site in 2004, while the precipitation surplus was also more than the other two years in 2004. Our results suggest that the peatland drainage contributes to increased nitrous oxide generation and that an interannual change of nitrous oxide emissions occurs with climate conditions.
Synthesis and Electrochemical Capacitor Characterization of Novel Composite Materials with p-Type Conductive Polymer

Considering the importance of conductive polymer nanocomposite, the present paper attempts to create a method for increasing the conductivity of poly(o-aminophenol). Nanocomposite MnO2/poly(o-aminophenol) thin film was synthesized by using pulse potential electrodeposition technique on a graphite electrode. In this research, nanoparticles of MnO2 are used after synthesis to prepare polymer nanocomposites in one-step. Appending of MnO2 to polymer matrix increases the current. This current growth could be ascribed to the synergistic MnO2 nanostructure, which presents the superior surface area and smaller particle size that is increasingly acting sites. Morphology or samples composition was investigated by the scanning electron microscope and the UV-Vis method, which clearly indicate the formation of nanocomposites. The findings show that the capacitive behavior of MnO2-poly(o-aminophenol) is superior to poly(o-aminophenol), especially at high potential high temperatures. The results showed that MnO2/poly(o-aminophenol) had a higher level of activity and the electron transfer capability was faster than pure polymer film. The doped MnO2 polymer also has excellent cyclic performance and load discharge features. Additional electrochemical properties of these polymer composites were observed against pure polymer so that capacity of 645 Fg−1 has been designated.
HUMAN ACTIVITY RECOGNITION BASED ON OPTIMAL SKELETON JOINTS USING CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK

Recognizing human actions is a challenging task and actively research in computer vision community. The task of Human Action Recognition (HAR) has been widely used in various application such as human monitoring in a hospital or public spaces. Previous work in HAR identified the human actions by the amount of joint movement, 3D silhouettes, local occupancy pattern and spatiotemporal interest features. This paper proposed a skeletal joint points configuration captured from Kinect RGB-D camera. Skeletal points have contributed significant features to discriminate different actions. However, some joint points are irrelevant and not moving which act as noise. This problem will reduce the performance of HAR. Therefore, this paper attempt to identify informative joint point using Shannon’s entropy mechanism. Then, the features will be an input to the Convolution Neural Network (CNN) classifier. Experiment results using standard benchmark CAD60 dataset have shown that the proposed optimal number of joint point able to discriminate similar movement of actions.
Evidencing domestic violence*, including behaviour that falls under the new offence of ‘controlling or coercive behaviour’

In 2015 an offence of ‘controlling or coercive behaviour’ was introduced under the Serious Crime Act, criminalising for the first time the non-physical abuse which so often occurs in the domestic context. This new offence implicitly recognises the psychological and emotional harm which can result from an ongoing pattern of behaviour, and the need to consider the controlling or coercive nature of this behaviour in the context of the power dynamics of the relationship in question. Unique evidential difficulties are raised by this offence, in part because of the ways in which gendered expectations can disguise the controlling and coercive nature of certain behaviours. At the same time, to increase the number of prosecutions for domestic violence offences, including under the new offence, acknowledgement of the ongoing trauma often experienced by victims, and the ways in which this may hinder their ability to safely and effectively participate in the criminal justice process, is required. We will outline recommendations to enable this participation, whilst also asserting the need for creative prosecution methods which allow these type of cases to be prosecuted without being solely reliant upon the victim’s oral testimony in court.
The wage gap of immigrants in the Portuguese labour market

Using matched employer-employee data, we examine the wage gap upon arrival between immigrant and native workers in the Portuguese labour market in the 2002-2008 period. We use the relation between Gelbach’s and Oaxaca-Blinder’s decompositions to split the unconditional average wage gap as the sum of a composition effect and a wage structure effect. Our results show that most of the wage gap is not due to worst endowments of the immigrants compared to natives but to differences in the returns to those characteristics and to the immigrant status effect. In particular, education and foreign experience of the average immigrant are signifi cantly less valued in the Portuguese labour market than natives’ education and experience. Total immigrants are a heterogeneous group of different nationalities, with immigrants from the EU15 and China starring as the two extreme cases.
Continuous Representation Techniques in Combinatorial Optimization

Approaches to an analytic description of vertex located discrete sets are presented. They are based on algebraic-topological features of the sets and properties of functions over them. One is a polyhedral-surface approach that represents a set as an intersection of its convex hull (a combinatorial polytope) and a circumscribed surface. Another one describes a set as an intersection of surfaces. These are applied for deriving various analytic representations of such sets as the Boolean set, binary set, permutation matrices set, the set of Boolean vectors with a given number of ones, and the cross-polytope vertex set. Among the sets’ representations, polyhedral-spherical ones represent the sets by a quadratic system of constraints and tangent representations – by polynomial equations of a degree less or equal to four. These results open new opportunities for applying standard continuous optimization methods to combinatorial problems on vertex located sets, as well as for developing novel approaches, which use a specific of the sets and problems. Amongst relaxation techniques, the most promising directions are surface relaxations and algorithms that combine polyhedral and surface relaxations. In the sphere of reformulation approaches, it is important to develop new ways to convexify the original problem and then solve it to the optimum.
Irrigation Technology Adoption Under Factor Price Uncertainty: Groundwater- Irrigated Production in Nebraska, 1960 -- 2005

The development of groundwater-irrigated production technologies, fed by water from the Ogallala Aquifer, facilitated the development of agriculture in the High Plains region of the United States that began during the 1960s. The current rate of pumping for irrigation in the region is causing the aquifer to be depleted in many areas, which is cause for concern from a socioeconomic and environmental standpoint. The goal of this paper is to assess the factors that affect the decision to adopt groundwater-irrigated production by farmers, in the presence of risk differentiated by heterogeneous farmland quality and groundwater depth. A binary choice model of adoption is estimated for Nebraska, from 1960 – 2005. The results suggest that farmers consider climate variability, revenue potential, and potential pumping costs in the investment decision.
Validez interna de Escala de Ansiedad por Covid-19 en estudiantes peruanos de educación

Resumen: La ansiedad es un problema de salud mental latente en la población universitaria. Las exigencias de la educación virtual han generado grandes desafíos al estudiante en su formación profesional, relaciones sociales y salud física y mental. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la validez basada en la estructura interna y confiabilidad de la Escala de Ansiedad por Coronavirus. Es de tipo instrumental y la muestra fue de 306 estudiantes de 5 especialidades de la carrera de Educación. Los resultados evidencian una puntuación adecuada del análisis de los ítems, correlaciones y aceptabilidad. El análisis factorial exploratorio precisó la unidimensionalidad del instrumento y el confirmatorio lo comprobó mediante los índices de bondad de ajuste (X2/gl=3,341, TLI=0,963, CFI=0,981, SRMR=0,025, RMSEA=0,076). Las cargas factoriales (> 0,5) e índices de confiabilidad (αordinal=0,895, αCronbach=0,845 y ΩMcDonald=0,846) fueron adecuadas. En conclusión, el instrumento es aplicable al contexto peruano para futuros docentes.
Detailed structure of electromagnetic pulses passing through one-dimensional photonic crystal

Abstract. The electromagnetic wave propagation in one-dimensional photonic cyrstals is studied by a finite-difference time domain method. We consider a conventional perfect photonic crystal structures consists of identical alternating layers of high and low refractive indices. The effect of the group-velocity dispersion is connected with the center frequency of the electromagnetic pulse: when it is close to the edge of the photonic band gap, the pulse undergoes a large group velocity dispersion. By using transfer matrix method we examined the transmittance spectrum of terahertz wave filter based on one-dimensional photonic crystals with line defect. We show that is such structure can be sandwiched between different substrate. Simulation results demonstrate that the terahertz wave filter can achieve a narrow transmission band and high transmission centered at λ0, having a flat passband at the central frequency, and sharp edges.
Robust PLL Synchronization Unit for Grid-Feeding Converters in Micro/Weak Grids

A grid-feeding voltage source converter (GFD-VSC) requires a phase-locked loop (PLL) synchronization unit to be connected to the grid. The PLL critically affects the dynamic performance and stability of the GFD-VSC. In particular, a PLL with pre/in-loop filtering, for working under distorted/polluted conditions, possesses a narrow stability margin and deficient performance in weak grid connections and fault ride-through (FRT) transients, also poor performance in frequency estimation. To address these problems, a robust PLL with several enhanced characteristics is proposed in this article. The robust PLL with a dynamic state feedback controller is designed using an ${{\bm{H}}}_\infty $ robust control. The feedback controller is designed to improve the dynamic stability/response of the PLL, exposed to control uncertainties and exogenous disturbances, weak-grid connection, FRT transients and to improve its performance in frequency estimation. Numerical simulations validate the effectiveness of the proposed PLL.
How to evolve an alternative stable state

Alternative stable states describe ecosystems that can persist in more than one configuration. An ecosystem can shift between stable states following some form of perturbation. There has been much work on predicting when ecosystems will shift between stable states, but less work on why some ecosystems are able to exist in alternative stable states in the first place. The paper by Ardichvili, Loeuille, and Dakos (2022) addresses this question using a simple model of a shallow lake. Their model is based on a trade-off between access to light and nutrient availability in the water column, two essential resources for the macrophytes they model. They then identify conditions when the ancestral macrophyte will diversify resulting in macrophyte species living at new depths within the lake. The authors find a range of conditions where alternative stable states can evolve, but the range is narrow. Nonetheless, their model suggests that for alternative stable states to exist, one requirement is for there to be asymmetric competition between competing species, with one species being a better competitor on one limiting resource, with the other being a better competitor on a second limiting resource.
Lead Toxicity and Postnatal Development of Gastrointestinal Tract

The present review deals with the maternal transfer of lead through the placenta during pregnancy and its deleterious effects on developing gastrointestinal tract. Exposure to lead is more dangerous for young and unborn children. It is well known that lead passes through the placenta of mother to fetus and accumulates in fetal tissues during gestation and it can be obtained through the milk during lactation . Lead may be released from maternal bone reserves during pregnancy and thus it becomes a major source of intoxication for the fetus. Prenatal exposure to low lead levels may increase the risk of reduced birth weight and premature birth. Lead is poorly absorbed from the GI tract; however, toxic effects can result from the relatively small amount of lead that is absorbed. There have been very few studies designed to evaluate consequences of lead toxicity during developmental stages, although this is the most sensitive period. The absorption of lead is influenced by many factors such as chemical form of the lead, diet, presence of food in GI tract, calcium status, vitamin D and iron. The mechanisms by which these interactions occur and induce histopathological changes in developing fetus are not fully understood. This reflects a lack of understanding of the mechanism by which lead is absorbed in the GI tract of mother and influence the developing fetus during gestation and lactation. Although threshold levels have been derived from the animal data, factors such as size, relative difference in consumption in proportion to size especially during infancy, and variable histopathological changes in GI tract are not well investigated during different developmental stages.
Application of Aspartic Acid Racemization for Age Estimation in a Spanish Sample

Simple Summary For the correct identification of human skeletal remains, age is one of the key parameters. However, in adult individuals, this estimation is more difficult as it is not based on growing markers but on degeneration of the skeleton and the teeth. Thus, it can be very variable and less precise than age estimation in children and adolescents. The application of biochemical techniques, with their roots in aging research, could help to improve this estimation. This article presents the application of one of these approaches, aspartic acid racemization, to test its accuracy in a Spanish sample. This is based on the conversion of L-aspartic acid, the regular form of the amino acid in our proteins, into D-aspartic acid, its mirror image. The proportions of D-aspartic acid/L-aspartic acid increase with aging, enabling the determination of age in a more precise way than by applying forensic anthropology methodologies. This paper demonstrates that it was possible to apply this technique in a Spanish sample, obtaining accuracies of ±5 years of actual age. Additional studies should be developed to improve these estimates and to combine this technique with forensic anthropology methods. Abstract Correct age-at-death estimation in adult individuals is one of the challenges of forensic investigation. Forensic anthropology macroscopic techniques are non-invasive methods for this purpose. However, several methods need to be applied to accurately estimate age, and the difference between chronological and predictive age may still be around ±10 years. New research trends are focused on the inherent process of aging, which produces changes in tissues and organs at different biochemical levels. One of the oldest and most studied approaches in this field is aspartic acid racemization. The accuracy of this technique in age estimation has been widely demonstrated. However, only a few studies have assessed its accuracy in different populations. The aim of this research was to assess the accuracy of aspartic acid racemization in a Spanish sample and its applicability to forensic cases. Dentin from fifteen third molars from two Spanish populations (ages 19–70 years old) was isolated and D and L forms of aspartic acid were detected through GC/MS, according to a previous published protocol. D/L ratios were calculated and after the application of a regression analysis, a formula for age estimation was developed. The results were similar to previous studies, obtaining an R = 0.91 between racemization ratios and age and a mean absolute error (MAE) between chronological and predictive age of 5 years. These results were ratified by leave-one-out cross-validation, as well as the application of the formula to five teeth of a known age. Despite these promising results, this technique is not exempt from drawbacks; thus, further studies are required to apply this methodology to forensic cases and to combine it with forensic anthropology findings.