Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigating self-report and neuropsychological assessments of cognitive flexibility in people with and without persistent pain: An online, cross-sectional, observational study

Introduction People with persistent pain experience problems modifying their cognition and behaviours when task or environmental demands change – abilities otherwise known as cognitive flexibility. However, limitations and inconsistent results of previous studies raise concerns over the quality of that evidence. We aimed to determine whether people with and without persistent pain differ on two assessments that are commonly used to assess cognitive flexibility. We also examined the relationship between the two assessments and explored whether people with and without persistent pain are distinguishable based on their scores on these assessments. Methods Participant demographics and symptoms of anxiety and depression were assessed. Participants completed the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI) and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Multiple linear regression on the two outcome variables: CFI (total score) and WCST (% perseverative responses) was applied using backward stepwise selection. Both outcomes were calculated as a standardised proportion of the outcome scale and log-odds transformed to meet the model assumptions. Correlation analysis and logistic regression were used to investigate our secondary and exploratory aims. Results Data were available from 128 participants with persistent pain and 68 pain-free controls. After adjusting for covariates, no differences were found between people with and without persistent pain on either assessment of cognitive flexibility. No significant correlations were detected between the two assessments in either group. The probability of having persistent pain was also not associated with scores on either or both assessments. Conclusion ‘Cognitive flexibility’ appears similar in people with and without persistent pain.
The Historical Analysis for M=8 Earthquake in 1739 at Yinchuan-Pingluo Area

Based on consulting an ample historic data about Yinchuan-Pingluo M8 earthquake in1739 and combined with the former studies on some earthquakes in the Yinchuan Plain the distribution of the earthquake intensity and the characteristic of the earthquake disaster are researched. The result indicates that the earthquake was caused by the Helanshan fault in the the eastern piedmont of Helan Range, the most destroyed area lies its southeast area Yinchuan-Pingluo region, where is identical with the Quaternary sedimentation center of Yinchuan rift and affected mostly by the engineering geological conditions. The characteristic of this seismic disaster have important significance and active effects on the city layout and decreasing earthquake disaster in the future.
DISTRIBUTION, SEASONAL OCCURRENCE, AND CONSERVATION STATUS OF CYLINDERA (S. STR.) CURSITANS (LECONTE) IN MISSOURI

Cylindera (s. str.) cursitans (LeConte) (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) is a small tiger beetle known from Missouri until now by only a single specimen collected "nr. Portageville" in extreme southeastern Missouri. Beginning in 2007, pitfall traps and direct observations were employed at multiple sites in a 4-season study to more fully characterize its distribution and seasonal occurrence in the area. Adults were observed at seven sites, all of which border the Mississippi or St. Francis Rivers (Dunklin, Mississippi, and New Madrid Counties) and support wet bottomland forest. Population size at each site ranged from one to many observed individuals; however, no adults were taken in pitfall traps at any site. In addition to these surveys, two specimens collected in 2001 further north along the Mississippi River in Cape Girardeau Co. and two collected in 2006 near one of the subsequent study sites in New Madrid County were found in the collections of Mike Smart (Cape Girardeau, Missouri), Peter Messer (Mequon, Wisconsin), and Southeast Missouri State University (Cape Girardeau). Dates of occurrence ranged from 24 May to 13 July, with adults most active during late morning and early afternoon. The inability of pitfall traps to detect robust populations of this species is puzzling and contrasts with its successful use to detect populations of other tiger beetle species in Missouri. The results of this study suggest that C. cursitans is secure in suitable bottomland forest habitats along the Mississippi River and St. Francis Rivers in southeast Missouri, and that no special conservation measures are required at this time to ensure its continued presence in the state. However, additional surveys are warranted to determine the full extent of the species distribution within Missouri, especially at more northern locations along the Mississippi and St. Francis Rivers and possibly also along the Missouri River.
Prevalence and Severity of Ectopic Eruption of First Permanent Molars in Pediatric Patients in Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Background Early detection and management of ectopic eruption (EE) of first permanent molars (FPMs) are crucial to avoid complicated treatments later. Aim This study aimed to assess the prevalence and severity of EE of FPMs among children in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Methods This retrospective study was based on a radiographic evaluation of 1,008 dental panoramic radiographs performed for children attending the Dental Educational Hospital at Umm Al-Qura University and the Security Forces Hospital in Makkah. Patients' age, sex, tooth location, and severity of EE were assessed. The study adhered to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guideline for cross-sectional studies. Results Of the 1,008 reviewed cases, 18 (1.79%) were diagnosed with EE of FPMs. Among the 11 male patients, 81.82% showed severe EE, while 57.14% exhibited moderately severe EE among the seven female patients. The prevalences of EE in the maxilla and mandible were 1.59% and 0.20%, respectively. In contrast, the occurrence of EE of FPMs was similar between the right and left sides. Conclusion In this study, the prevalence of EE of FPMs among children in Makkah was 1.79%. The frequency and severity were both greater in male patients compared to female patients. While significantly more EE of FPMs was observed in the maxilla than in the mandible, there was no significant difference between the right and left sides.
Conservation Reserve Program effects on soil quality indicators

ABSTRACT: Soil quality indicators may be useful for evaluating public policies such as the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP). The objective of this study was to determine how CRP affected several physical, chemical, and biological indicators of soil quality. Soil aggregate stability and size distribution, bulk density, total organic C and N, nitrate-N, ammonium-N, pH, cation exchange capacity, microbial biomass C and N, soil respiration, fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis, fungal hyphal length, and ergosterol concentrations were measured in paired CRP and cropland sites in Iowa, Minnesota, North Dakota, and Washington. CRP sites in Iowa generally had a higher percentage of water stable soil aggregates than cropland sites. In Minnesota, the mean aggregate diameter was significantly higher in CRP than cropland samples, but differences in North Dakota were not significant. In all states, microbial biomass carbon was 17 to 64% higher at CRP sites than at cropland or fallow sites. Nitrate-N was 18 to 74% higher in cropland than CRP sites. Soil respiration values were greater (but not significantly different) in CRP than cropland sites in all four states. Hyphal length, measured only in Iowa, increased 26 to 62% under CRP. CRP samples had higher ergosterol only in Henry County, Iowa, where cropland was chisel plowed and disced each year. Overall, soil biological indicators showed more significant differences than either chemical or physical indicators. This multi-state project shows that several soil quality indicators were improved by placing highly erodible cropland into perennial grass, and that with refinement, those indicators could be used to assess long-term impacts of agricultural management practices.
Distributed Quantitative Precipitation Forecasting Using Information from Radar and Numerical Weather Prediction Models

The benefits of short-term (1‐6 h), distributed quantitative precipitation forecasts (DQPFs) are well known. However, this area is acknowledged to be one of the most challenging in hydrometeorology. Previous studies suggest that the ‘‘state of the art’’ methods can be enhanced by exploiting relevant information from radar and numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, using process physics and data-dictated tools where each fits best. Tests indicate that improved results are obtained by decomposing the overall problem into component processes, and that each process may require alternative tools ranging from simple interpolation to statistical time series models and artificial neural networks (ANNs). A new hybrid modeling strategy is proposed for DQPF that utilizes measurements from radar [Weather Surveillance Radar-1998 Doppler (WSR-88D) network: 4 km, 1 h] and outputs from NWP models (48-km Eta Model: 48 km, 6 h). The proposed strategy improves distributed QPF over existing methods like radar extrapolation or NWP-based QPF by themselves, as well as combinations of radar extrapolation and NWP-based QPF.
Efficacy of Iodophor to Inactivate Aeromonas hydrophila Biofilm on Two Subtrates

The multiple day old biofilms of Aeromonas hydrophila on two substrates, high density polyethylene (HDPE) plastic and Eichhornia crassipes leaves were evaluated for its susceptibility to bactericidal action of iodophor at two dose levels (20 mg/l and 40 mg/l). The biofilm on HDPE was highly resistant to the killing action of iodophor on the days 2, 4 and 6 tested at 20 and 40 mg/l for 10 min. The iodophor was effective in inactivating the biofilm cells on Eichhornia at 40 mg/l for 10 min, whereas at 20 mg/l for 10 min, the 4 and 6 days old biofilm on Eichhornia showed resistance to iodophor. The planktonic cells were completely killed at 20 mg/l of iodophor. The study indicates that biofilms of A. hydrophila were resistant to iodophor in comparison to planktonic cells.
Heavy metal distribution along the Tibet railroad

It is well known that the ecological environment in the Tibet Plateau is fragile and it can be disturbed readily by human’s activities. In order to study the impact of railroad construction on soil environment in Tibet Plateau, heavy metal content and its distribution along the Tibet railroad was investigated. The metal elements including Hg and Pb were determined by the plasma radiation spectrum. The results showed that there was an obvious normal distribution of Pb and Hg and the maximum appeared in the 50 m beside the railroad. The content of Pb and Hg were higher than that of soil background value. The Pb and Hg distribution along the being constructed railroad reach had not the similar situation. The related analysis suggested that the physical and chemical properties didn’t make a remarkable influence on the Pb and Hg distribution, it is thus concluded that the railroad transportation is likely to cause heavy metal pollution in soil to a certain extent.
Stepping Stone or Sink Hole? Immigrants, Poverty, and the Future of Metropolitan America

Education is among the contributing factors. While some immigrant groups fare well in educational attainment, nearly 60 percent of non-citizen Latinos of working age lack a high school degree. Immigrants are also increasingly likely to land directly in older suburbs of metropolitan areas rather than in inner cities. These inner-ring suburbs lack the infrastructure necessary to aid disadvantaged immigrants and others who depend on social services to improve their economic standing.
'I Had a Dream, Which Was not All a Dream'

The article makes a case for a particular kind of conceptual metaphor, the viewpoint metaphor. The viewpoint metaphor is argued to be a tool employed by narrators in personal experience narratives in order to render their irregular perception mode. The viewpoint metaphor allows mapping on the narrated real experience the perception characteristics of other experiences such as watching a movie or having a dream. The research material consisted of a sample of 50 personal experience narratives (25 in English and 25 in Ukrainian) produced by the participants or witnesses, military and civilian, of hostilities mainly in Ukraine in 2014-2023 and in some other conflicts. It was found that two basic and most prominent viewpoint metaphors in this kind of discourse is EXPERIENCING THE EVENT is DREAMING OF THE EVENT or WATCHING A MOVIE OF THE EVENT. These metaphors are often reinforced by other viewpoint metaphors and they tend to repeatedly occur in the narrative. The function of the viewpoint metaphor is expressing the subjective experientiality, emotional condition and embodied perception mode at the time of the experience narrated. Viewpoint is therefore argued to be a part of the mental space’s construal. Studying the viewpoint metaphor allows to shed light onto the conceptual structure of viewpoint. It was found that the elements mapped from the source experience of watching a movie or having a dream include passive witnessing, reduced agency, hushed perception, unreality of events, timelapse, and slow motion.
Who Became the Soldiers? Part 1 Inequality in Pre-War Showa Period Military Service Cohorts

In this paper, we used SSM survey data to analyze the characteristics of people who served in the military from the 1920s to the 1940s. We elucidated the features of people who served in the military according to their service period, cohort and age. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, many people who served in the military were born in between 1916�25. Second, the inequality between those who served in the military, and those who did not, is large in the cohort born between 1906�15, and the inequality in people who served is large in the cohort born between 1896� 1905. From these results, we conclude that the national mobilization regime promoted equality within the cohorts and inequality between cohorts in Japan during the Pacific War.
Apparent reciprocity failure in directional reflectance of structured surfaces

Whether the reciprocity principle can be applied to the field or satellite observations of directional reflectance of land surface has been a question important to both theory and practice of land surface remote sensing. Under the assumption that every point on ground follows reciprocity, this paper explains why the heterogeneity of land surface can still yield apparent failure of the principle at the scale of remote sensing pixel.
Numerical simulation of spontaneous rupture processes on twonon-coplanar faults: the effect of geometry on fault interaction

SUMMARY Analyses of earthquake sources have revealed that the earthquake rupture process is complex and that the rupture does not occur on a single plane. Earthquake faults are often composed of several subfaults, and rupture propagation tends to decelerate or terminate at places where the fault strike changes. These observations imply that fault geometry, including fault steps and fault strike change, plays an important role in earthquake rupture complexity. In this paper, we calculate the spontaneous rupture processes of two non-coplanar faults in 2-D in-plane problems, attempting to clarify the eiect of fault geometry. We consider two simple modelsmodels in which two faults are either parallel or perpendicular to each other. We calculate spontaneous rupture propagation on the faults bya ¢nite diierence method, andwe then compare the results. In our simulations, rupture initially grows on the main fault, and stress perturbation from the main rupture then triggers rupture on the secondary fault. Propagation of the main-fault rupture controls a spatio^temporal pattern ofstress diierence in the uniform elastic medium, which determines the rupture process of the secondary fault. The rupture propagation and termination of the secondary fault are signi¢cantly diierent between the two models. The diierence is obvious when rupture of the main fault is arrested and the secondary fault is located near the arrested end of the main fault.When the secondary fault is parallel to the main fault, rupture can propagate ahead on the secondary fault. However, when the secondary fault is perpendicular to the main fault, rupture is either not triggered on the secondary fault, or soon terminates if triggered. This variation of the rupture process implies that fault interaction, depending on geometry, can explain the termination and change of rupture at places where the fault strike varies. This shows the importance of the fault geometry in studying spontaneous dynamic rupture processes.
Integrated Analysis of Machine Learning and Deep Learning in Silkworm Pupae (Bombyx mori) Species and Sex Identification

Simple Summary Identifying silkworm pupae species and sex accurately is essential for the hybrid pairing of corresponding species in sericulture, which guarantees the quality of the silkworm eggs and silk. However, there is no cost-effective method that offers a labor-saving and intelligent solution for this. In this study, machine learning and deep learning are used for the automatic recognition of pupae species and sex, either separately or simultaneously, based on the patterns perceived from images. A vast number of postural images of pupae were used for global modeling to eliminate the impact of posture on recognition rate. Six traditional descriptors and six deep learning descriptors were employed for feature extraction and then combined with three machine learning classifiers for identification. Based on that, the model with the best identification performance was screened out, and it can serve as a reference for sericulture breeding. Abstract Hybrid pairing of the corresponding silkworm species is a pivotal link in sericulture, ensuring egg quality and directly influencing silk quantity and quality. Considering the potential of image recognition and the impact of varying pupal postures, this study used machine learning and deep learning for global modeling to identify pupae species and sex separately or simultaneously. The performance of traditional feature-based approaches, deep learning feature-based approaches, and their fusion approaches were compared. First, 3600 images of the back, abdomen, and side postures of 5 species of male and female pupae were captured. Next, six traditional descriptors, including the histogram of oriented gradients (HOG), and six deep learning descriptors, including ConvNeXt-S, were utilized to extract significant species and sex features. Finally, classification models were constructed using the multilayer perceptron (MLP), support vector machine, and random forest. The results indicate that the {HOG + ConvNeXt-S + MLP} model excelled, achieving 99.09% accuracy for separate species and sex recognition and 98.40% for simultaneous recognition, with precision–recall and receiver operating characteristic curves ranging from 0.984 to 1.0 and 0.996 to 1.0, respectively. In conclusion, it can capture subtle distinctions between pupal species and sexes and shows promise for extensive application in sericulture.
Cell cycle-coordinated maintenance of the Vibrio bipartite genome

ABSTRACT To preserve the integrity of their genome, bacteria rely on several genome maintenance mechanisms that are co-ordinated with the cell cycle. All members of the Vibrio family have a bipartite genome consisting of a primary chromosome (Chr1) homologous to the single chromosome of other bacteria such as Escherichia coli and a secondary chromosome (Chr2) acquired by a common ancestor as a plasmid. In this review, we present our current understanding of genome maintenance in Vibrio cholerae, which is the best-studied model for bacteria with multi-partite genomes. After a brief overview on the diversity of Vibrio genomic architecture, we describe the specific, common, and co-ordinated mechanisms that control the replication and segregation of the two chromosomes of V. cholerae. Particular attention is given to the unique checkpoint mechanism that synchronizes Chr1 and Chr2 replication.
Effects of the Pacific diapycnal mixing and wind stress on the global and Pacific meridional overturning circulation

Numerical experiments are conducted using an idealized basin to investigate roles of the deep vertical diffusivity and wind stress of the Pacific Ocean in the global and Pacific meridional overturning circulation. The Pacific middepth diffusivity is found to be enhancing the global meridional overturning circulation; when this part of diffusivity is reduced to the background value, not only is the layered circulation of the Pacific greatly weakened, but also the production of the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) and Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) is significantly reduced. The deeper part of the Pacific diffusivity is found to be enhancing the production of the AABW in the model. When the wind stress is turned off in the Pacific, the deep meridional overturning circulation of the Pacific is reduced and the production of the NADW and AABW is also significantly reduced. This is likely due to the reduction of the wind-enhanced upwelling in the subpolar and equatorial regions. These results suggest the importance of the diapycnal diffusion and sea surface conditions in the Pacific not only to the circulation within the Pacific but also to the global meridional overturning circulation.
The Influence Of Picture Series In Teaching Speaking Recount Text

This research is a research to test whether the use of picture series media is influence in teaching writing. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was a significant difference in the writing ability of students who were taught using the picture series. The population of this research is the eighth grade students of MTs Nurul Qur'an Jogoroto in the academic year 2022/2023. The total population is 215 students divided into six classes, each class contains between 35-38 students. The sample in this study was class VIII 5 and VIII 6 MTs Nurul Quran Jogoroto, totaling 70 students. The researcher used Quasi Experimental Class method to obtain score data. The researcher conducted a normality test to find out whether the data was normal or not. Based on the data normality test that has been carried out by the researcher, it shows that sig. 2-tailed is 0.000 meaning that data is normally distributed. Then, it will be continued with a mann whitney test. Based on the testing the hypothesis terms, if score of t is sig. < 0.05, Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected. In the mann whitney test calculation, the data shows sig. (2-tailed) 0.000. The data lower than 0.5, it means that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted.