Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alcohol Health Warning Labels: A Rapid Review with Action Recommendations

A rapid review of research on health warning labels located on alcohol containers (AWLs) was conducted. Using five search engines (Embase, Medline, Pubmed, Scopus, Psyinfo), 2975 non-duplicate citations were identified between the inception date of the search engine and April 2021. Of those, 382 articles were examined and retrieved. We selected 122 research papers for analysis and narrative information extraction, focusing on population foci, study design, and main outcomes. Research included public opinion studies, surveys of post-AWL implementation, on-line and in-person experiments and real-world quasi-experiments. Many studies focused on the effects of the 1989 United States Alcoholic Beverage Labeling Act on perceptions, intentions and behavior. Others focused on Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, England or Scotland, Italy and France. There was substantial variation in the design of the studies, ranging from small-scale focus groups to on-line surveys with large samples. Over time, evidence has been emerging on label design components, such as large size, combination of text and image, and specific health messaging, that is likely to have some desired impact on knowledge, awareness of risk and even the drinking behavior of those who see the AWLs. This body of evidence provides guidance to policy-makers, and national and regional authorities, and recommendations are offered for discussion and consideration.
Translation of training to practice - ultrasound guided nerve block for analgesia in patients with hip fracture.

AIMS Ultrasound guided nerve blocks have been shown to be an effective analgesia option for patients with hip fracture. An education program was developed to train Emergency Department doctors and it received positive feedback from partici-pants who demonstrated competency after the training. We aimed to evaluate the education program at the behavioral level of the Kirkpatrick Model by determining the translation of training to practice of ultrasound guided nerve blocks in patients with a hip fracture at the Emergency Department. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review of medical records was carried out from 18 August 2018 to 31 December 2020. Data on patient demographics, type of hip fracture, pain score, analgesia pro-vided and complications were collected using a standardized form and analyzed. RESULTS Among 634 patients, their median age was 79 years old (Interquartile range (IQR): 70 to 85) and 416 (65.6%) were female. The median pain score was 6 (IQR: 5 to 8) and analgesia was provided for 561 (88.5%) patients. Analgesia was administered most frequently via the intravenous route (n=407, 72.5%) and tramadol (n=293, 52.2%) was most commonly used. Ultrasound guided nerve block was performed in 26 (4.7%) patients - all were performed successfully without complications. The utilization increased from 1.0% before to 4.7% after the conduct of the training workshops (p=0.16). CONCLUSION A significant gap still exists in the translation of training to practice. Barriers must be identified and overcome so that ultimately, the education program can bring about an organizational impact to benefit patients and improve their outcomes.
Factors affecting motivations, obstacles, and performance of Women Entrepreneurs in Sindh, Pakistan

Women Entrepreneurship in Pakistan; Motivations, Success and Barriers a study on Sindh, Pakistan. An entrepreneur is someone who explores new opportunities, business, products/ services, or ideas (Kuratko 2016). During the early 1980s, the Women Entrepreneurship has elicited suitable recognition, especially as a driver of economic growth and development. According to Roomi and Parrott (2008), the women position throughout Pakistan is not homogenous. Cultural practices and norms related to role and status of women and religious prescriptions vary widely in the Pakistani society. Pakistani researchers have also critically examined existing literature on women entrepreneurship in Pakistan. Primary focus of this research study is about the very less work or no research evidence found in the province of Sindh, Pakistan on women entrepreneurship (Ashique, Najia, Ali, and Rajjar, 2012; Saad and Rajjar 2015). The data in this study is Primary, and involve gathering of research figures straight from the respondents using a structured 5-point Likert scale with the help of questionnaire based on women entrepreneurship. The population of the study consist of female entrepreneurs running businesses or involved in entrepreneurial activities from both urban and rural areas of Sindh. In this study, to ensure an adequate sample, data is collected from 150 respondents (female entrepreneurs). Regression method was used to analyze the data. This analysis is performed with the help of SPSS software. The current study uses the dependence model for testing the data because each hypothesis measures the impact of one independent variable on three dependent variables that is motivation, success and barriers women entrepreneurs face while becoming entrepreneurs. Result of this study suggests that 71% of the female are of age group 15-25 years, are energetic and most willing to start their own business, among all motivational factors including to be their own boss is having strongly positive impact to peruse entrepreneurship rather than regular job, among all success factors female entrepreneurs believed that having good managerial skills lead to successful business. Week economy and lack of laws regulations in the country is causing a huge barrier to begin their own business according to the responses of entrepreneurs belonging to female group. Furthermore, the study suggests that Government of Pakistan should propose business laws and ensure its practice in the small and medium size enterprises. Also, there are many programs offered by the Pakistani Government to promote entrepreneurship but female and nascent entrepreneurs are not aware of these programs at large. So, these programs should be introduced in all educational institutes and universities so that female entrepreneurs should get most of it.
Strontium Substituted β-Tricalcium Phosphate Ceramics: Physiochemical Properties and Cytocompatibility

Sr2+-substituted β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) powders were synthesized using the mechano-chemical activation method with subsequent pressing and sintering to obtain ceramics. The concentration of Sr2+ in the samples was 0 (non-substituted TCP, as a reference), 3.33 (0.1SrTCP), and 16.67 (0.5SrTCP) mol. % with the expected Ca3(PO4)2, Ca2.9Sr0. 1(PO4)2, and Ca2.5Sr0. 5(PO4)2 formulas, respectively. The chemical compositions were confirmed by the energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) and the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) methods. The study of the phase composition of the synthesized powders and ceramics by the powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) method revealed that β-TCP is the main phase in all compounds except 0.1SrTCP, in which the apatite (Ap)-type phase was predominant. TCP and 0.5SrTCP ceramics were soaked in the standard saline solution for 21 days, and the phase analysis revealed the partial dissolution of the initial β-TCP phase with the formation of the Ap-type phase and changes in the microstructure of the ceramics. The Sr2+ ion release from the ceramic was measured by the ICP-OES. The human osteosarcoma MG-63 cell line was used for viability, adhesion, spreading, and cytocompatibility studies. The results show that the introduction of Sr2+ ions into the β-TCP improved cell adhesion, proliferation, and cytocompatibility of the prepared samples. The obtained results provide a base for the application of the Sr2+-substituted ceramics in model experiments in vivo.
The magnetic activity of young suns: magnetic topologies and differential rotation of F- and G- dwarfs

Maps of magnetic field topologies for rapidly rotating, solar-type stars have been produced for the past decade, and offer a unique insight into the operation of the stellar dynamo. The creation of these maps uses the combined techniques of Least-Squares Deconvolution (LSD) to increase the signal-to-noise of the Stokes-V profiles, and Zeeman Doppler Imaging (ZDI) to create the magnetic maps from the Stokes-V profiles. However, for solar-type stars almost all of the targets imaged to date have been lower-mass (early-K) stars, limiting the range of operating parameters of the stellar dynamo. We present magnetic maps of two higher-mass, solar-type stars, the early G-dwarf HD171488 (v sin i = 38kms−1) and the late F-dwarf HR1817 (v sin i = 52kms−1). Both stars have been observed in left- and right-hand circularly polarized light using the SEMPOL spectro-polarimeter with the Anglo-Australian telescope. Both LSD and ZDI have then been used to infer topologies of the photospheric magnetic fields of the two stars, thus expanding the mass range of solar-type stars imaged using these techniques. In addition, the surface differential rotation of the two stars has been determined from the data, with both stars showing significantly higher differential rotation than that of lower-mass stars.
Consumption Change‐Induced Transients in a Water Distribution Network: Laboratory Tests in a Looped System

At the Water Engineering Laboratory of the University of Perugia, Italy, a wide experimental program has been carried out in a polymeric pipe network with two 100 × 100 m square loops. The aim of this program is to analyze the dynamic response of the system to transients caused by a change in water consumption. To emphasize such a response, transients are generated by the complete and fast closure of an end‐user, located at the downstream end of a service line. During tests, the combined effect of simultaneous consumers, whose consumption is varied both deterministically and stochastically, has been analyzed. The tests allow examining the propagation of the generated pressure waves within the network for different water consumption variations and end‐user locations. The lessons learnt from the experimental results may help the water utility managers to identify the reasons for the higher frequency of occurrence and severity of faults in some specific portions of water distribution networks apparently “similar” to others where damages are less frequent and severe.
Changes of Acid-Base Variables in Dairy Cows with Chronically Implanted Fetal and Maternal Catheters during Late Gestation and Calving

Simple Summary A fetal catheterization is an efficient tool allowing longitudinal in vivo studies on hormonal and metabolic changes, including fetal blood gases and acid-base changes. These surgical techniques made it possible to take blood samples daily under aseptic conditions to determine arterial and/or venous blood samples for acid-base variables (like pH, blood gas tensions: partial pressure of carbon dioxide and partial pressure of oxygen, oxygen saturation, bicarbonate concentration, total carbon dioxide, and base excess). All these examinations may contribute to a better understanding of the physiological changes that occur during calving, which may help reach a significant reduction in losses caused by perinatal mortality, which is still high today. Abstract The objective of the present study was to evaluate the changes in maternal and fetal arterial acid-base variables withdrawn from catheterized dams and fetuses during the last days before and during calving. The average gestation length in nine cows with chronically catheterized fetuses was 285 ± 10 (SD) days. The arterial acid-base variables of a catheterized dam and fetus were very stable during late gestation. Four newborn calves showed small differences between prenatal and postnatal pH values (−0.035). At the same time, pCO2 values started to increase significantly (p = 0.02), indicating a shift towards physiological respiratory acidosis during calving. The partial pressure of oxygen and oxygen saturation values showed some non-significant improvements immediately after birth, while the other acid-base parameters did not differ. The remaining five newborn calves showed a significant decrease in arterial blood pH (p < 0.01) and BE (p = 0.01), while pCO2 tended to be higher (p = 0.06), indicating a shift towards physiological respiratory and metabolic acidosis, while the other acid-base parameters hardly differed. It is essential to mention that physiological (n = 2) and mild metabolic acidosis (n = 2) developed gradually in four newborn calves during the second stage of calving, lasting about ≤ 2 h. In contrast, in the remaining newborn calf the physiological metabolic acidosis developed during the last 3 min of birth because immediately before birth, the BE value was 0.4 mmol/L. After birth, it was −5.4 mmol/L. The results indicate that the acid-base variables may start to move gradually in the direction of expressed respiratory and metabolic acidosis only after appearing the amniotic sac and fetal feet in the vulva during the second stage of labor; therefore, it is essential to complete obstetrical assistance in time.
Study on Active Particles in Air Plasma and Their Effect on α-Amylase

As a new technology for food processing, plasma has good prospects for protein modification. This study investigated the effect of plasma on the activity of the α-amylase. The composition of the active particles in air plasma generated by spark discharge was analyzed and determined. Furthermore, the quantitative analysis of the active particles such as H2O2, O3, and -OH was made by the chemical detection method. Powdered α-amylase was treated with plasma in various conditions, in which α-amylase and the variation of α-amylase activity under the action of air plasma were quantitatively analyzed. The results showed that the concentration of active particles in the system was positively correlated with the action time for air plasma. After 5 min of plasma action, the concentration of O3 and H2O2 was large enough for food disinfection, but the concentration of -OH was smaller and its lifetime was extremely short. Moreover, it was determined that the optimum action time for the activation of solid powdered α-amylase by air plasma was 120 s. With higher energy, the air plasma acts directly on solid powdered α-amylase to destroy its spatial structure, resulting in enzyme inactivation, sterilization, and disinfection.
Analysis of the Expressive Power of DIFC Model Based on Temporal Logic

Comparing the expressive power of access control models is a fundamental issue in computer security. A better solution to this problem is helpful for understanding the limitations and potential capabilities of models, improving models and selecting appropriate security models for different applications. The existing comparison theories either do not consider the security properties when comparing, or the semantics of the security properties considered are too weak, or the comparison methods are vague and difficult to operate. In this paper, we define a mapping between models whose security properties are preserved based on temporal logic, and propose a more scientific and standard comparison method of expressive power with operability based on the mapping. On this basis, we demonstrate that the DIFC has better expressive power than the BLP model.
Knowledge Transfer-Based Multiagent Q-Learning for Medium Access in Dense Cellular Networks

Inter-cell interference in dense cellular networks causes severe network performance degradation because the base stations (BSs) and devices cannot fully utilize all the network status information in practice. Reinforcement learning enables the wireless network to find an effective transmission strategy with limited information and the network entities to operate in a distributed manner. We herein propose a medium access algorithm based on multi-agent reinforcement learning by exchanging knowledge of transmissions from other cells. Specifically, a state mapping function between the device and the BS and a transfer value iteration are proposed. The BS transfers reward processes derived from inter-cell interference so that the partially observed medium of devices is expanded to monitor entire networks. Extensive simulation results show that simple knowledge transfer can help performance improvement in terms of network stability and throughput.
Computer algebra in gravity

We survey the application of computer algebra in the context of gravitational theories. After some general remarks, we show of how to check the second Bianchi-identity by means of the Reduce package Excalc. Subsequently we list some computer algebra systems and packages relevant to applications in gravitational physics. We conclude by presenting a couple of typical examples.
Contents and compositions of amino acids in rice grains and their regulation: a review

: Amino acids in cereal grains are important nutrients for both human and animals. Increasing the content of amino acids in the rice grain, especially lysine and other essential amino acids, plays a very important role in improving the nutritional stan-dard of people in the countries with rice as staple food. This paper reviewed some research progresses in the contents and compositions of amino acids in the mature grain of rice and their distribution in the different parts of a grain, the synthesis and metabolism of amino acids in the grain, the role of plant hormones in regulating the synthesis and metabolism of on amino acids, and the effects of environmental factors and cultivation practices on the contents and compositions of amino acids in the grain, and dis-cussed the existing problems and key points for future research. It merits further investigating the temporal (at different filling stages) and spatial (at different parts of a grain) distribution characteristics of the contents and compositions of amino acids in a grain during the filling, their physiological and biochemical mechanism, and cultivation regulation and its principle. Such a study is expected to gain new insight into the mechanism in the formation and distributions of amino acids in a rice grain, and explore a new way to increase the contents of amino acids, especially essential amino acids such as lysine, in milled rice.
Feasibility and Acceptability of a Web-Based Peer Navigation-Psychoeducational HIV Intervention for Women

This study examined feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of a pilot randomized controlled trial (BRIDGES) designed to improve HIV care outcomes among syndemic-affected women living with HIV (WLHA). We enrolled and randomized adult WLHA who were out-of-care or at risk of falling out-of-care and experienced any syndemic condition(s) into BRIDGES (n = 11) or standard of care (n = 13). BRIDGES employed peer navigation one-on-one sessions and six weekly 2-h video psychoeducation group sessions. Feasibility and acceptability were assessed through participant quantitative and semistructured interviews. Intention-to-treat analyses were conducted to evaluate the preliminary effects of BRIDGES. BRIDGES was highly feasible and acceptable. Intervention participants demonstrated improved self-reported adherence to antiretroviral therapy at 3 months, and better engagement and retention in care and viral suppression at 12 months compared to control participants. BRIDGES is a promising program to provide syndemic-affected WLHA with the tools needed to mitigate social and structural barriers to HIV care.
Digital Breast Tomosynthesis versus MRI as an Adjunct to Full-Field Digital Mammography for Preoperative Evaluation of Breast Cancer according to Mammographic Density

Objective To compare digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and MRI as an adjunct to full-field digital mammography (FFDM) for the preoperative evaluation of women with breast cancer based on mammographic density. Materials and Methods This retrospective study enrolled 280 patients with breast cancer who had undergone FFDM, DBT, and MRI for preoperative local tumor staging. Three radiologists independently sought the index cancer and additional ipsilateral and contralateral breast cancers using either FFDM alone, DBT plus FFDM, or MRI plus FFDM. Diagnostic performances across the three radiologists were compared among the reading modes in all patients and subgroups with dense (n = 186) and non-dense breasts (n = 94) according to mammographic density. Results Of 280 patients, 46 (16.4%) had 48 additional (39 ipsilateral and nine contralateral) cancers in addition to the index cancer. For index cancers, both DBT plus FFDM and MRI plus FFDM showed sensitivities of 100% in the non-dense group. In the dense group, DBT plus FFDM showed lower sensitivity than that of MRI plus FFDM (94.6% vs. 99.6%, p < 0.001). For additional ipsilateral cancers, DBT plus FFDM showed specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) of 100% in the non-dense group, but sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) were not statistically different from those of MRI plus FFDM (p > 0.05). In the dense group, DBT plus FFDM showed higher specificity (98.2% vs. 94.1%, p = 0.005) and PPV (83.1% vs. 65.4%; p = 0.036) than those of MRI plus FFDM, but lower sensitivity (59.9% vs. 75.3%; p = 0.049). For contralateral cancers, DBT plus FFDM showed higher specificity than that of MRI plus FFDM (99.0% vs. 96.7%, p = 0.014), however, the other values did not differ (all p > 0.05) in the dense group. Conclusion DBT plus FFDM showed an overall higher specificity than that of MRI plus FFDM regardless of breast density, perhaps without substantial loss in sensitivity and NPV in the diagnosis of additional cancers. Thus, DBT may have the potential to be used as a preoperative breast cancer staging tool.
Fruit Disease Classification using Convolutional Neural Network

Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) demonstrates good success rates in image classification and produces accurate precision values. This project aims to create a comprehensive in-depth reading model that identifies the category of fruits from the images. By use a data-enhancing method that increases the number of training data by creating new images using available images to train the model with multiple images and improve the chances of separating new images. By dividing the accuracy of the image and obtaining the percentage of accuracy of the loss as a separation of diseases. Using a category filter with better accuracy is achieved than the previous methods. The problem with these various algorithms is that the accuracy is reduced as certain sources of error have not been removed. In-depth Learning brings methods, methods, and practices that can help solve critical analysis and predictability. Diagnosis of fruit diseases has also been a difficult task to achieve through the use of computers. Using the new development of neural model networks a relatively good image classification of new and sick images was created. The database is available at Kaggle.com which contains images of three different fruits but images of oranges were used in this experiment to make the model clearer. Many dissimilar types of fruit will be need of the model to identify the type of fruit which increases the cost of calculation. Instead of making separate models allows the model to specify and increase accuracy in a single domain, this will usually allow for better results.