Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Disentangled Memory Retrieval Towards Math Word Problem Generation

The task of math word problem (MWP) gener-001 ation, which generates a MWP given an equa-002 tion and relevant topic words, has increasingly 003 attracted researchers’ attention. In this work, 004 we propose a seq2seq model with a disentan-005 gled memory retrieval module to better take ad-006 vantage of the logical description and scenario 007 description within a MWP and more relevant 008 training data to improve the generation qual-009 ity. We first disentangle the training MWPs 010 into logical descriptions and scenario descrip-011 tion and then record them in respective mem-012 ory modules. Later, we use the given equa-013 tion and topic words as queries to retrieve the 014 most relevant logical descriptions and scenario 015 description from the corresponding memory 016 modules respectively. The retrieved results 017 are then used to complement the process of 018 the MWP generation. Extensive experiments 019 verify the superior performance and effective-020 ness of our method. The code is available on 021 https://github.com/mwp-g/MWPG-DMR. 022
Enhancing Customer Experience of Savings products through optimal product design

The world’s older population is growing rapidly. According to the United Nations, there was a substantial increase of 48% (from 607 to 901 million) of people aged 60 or over between 2000 and 2015, which might reach nearly 2.1 billion by 2050. Moreover, the “oldest-old” (aged 80 or over) population accounted for 14% of old population (aged 60 or over) in 2015 and is expected to triple 2015’s value by 2050.
Joint Contextual Query Rewriting for Virtual Assistant

Contextual queries are common in multi-turn 001 spoken dialogues with virtual assistants. For 002 example, a user could omit an aforementioned 003 entity using anaphora or nominal ellipsis (entity 004 carry over), or correct a previous recognition 005 error by repeating mistaken words or phrases 006 (correction by repetition). While prior work 007 have touched on these use cases individually, 008 we present a joint query rewriting approach to 009 tackle both. This phonetically aware pointer 010 network model rewrites conversational queries 011 in both use cases into a single context indepen-012 dent query. We compare our joint model with 013 two cascading single task models chained to-014 gether on a randomly sampled and anonymized 015 virtual assistant dataset. In our experiments, 016 the joint model not only outperforms cascading 017 models by 2.3 points token F1 and 3.6 points 018 exact match accuracy, but also does so while 019 being 1.6 times faster regarding p95 latency. 020
Sampling-Based Approximations to Minimum Bayes Risk Decoding for Neural Machine Translation

In NMT we search for the mode of the model distribution to form predictions. The mode and other high-probability translations found by beam search have been shown to often be inadequate in a number of ways. This prevents improving translation quality through better search, as these idiosyncratic translations end up selected by the decoding algorithm, a problem known as the beam search curse. Recently, an approximation to minimum Bayes risk (MBR) decoding has been proposed as an alternative decision rule that would likely not suffer from the same problems. We analyse this approximation and establish that it has no equivalent to the beam search curse. We then design approximations that decouple the cost of exploration from the cost of robust estimation of expected utility. This allows for much larger hypothesis spaces, which we show to be beneficial. We also show that mode-seeking strategies can aid in constructing compact sets of promising hypotheses and that MBR is effective in identifying good translations in them. We conduct experiments on three language pairs varying in amounts of resources available: English into and from German, Romanian, and Nepali.
CANADIAN CONSENSUS STATEMENT ON AEROSOLIZED ANTIBIOTIC USE IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS

55% of subjects harbored a Pa strain with an MIC to colistin of > 4 μg/ml both at baseline and at Week 4. There was no correlation between baseline Pa tobramycin and colistin MICs and changes in lung function. In a placebo-controlled Phase II study of inhaled aztreonam lysinate conducted among 105 participants, there was no significant change in the MIC 50 and MIC 90 after 14 days of treatment with either 75mg or 225 mg of aztreonam administered three times daily (54).
Problems with Suicidal Behavior Prevention in Adolescents: a Narrative Literature Review

INTRODUCTION: Among the existing issues related to the health and quality of life of Russian adolescents, suicidal behavior is being actively discussed; however, the available comprehensive measures for prevention of suicide and attempts at suicide at this age do not provide an adequate solution. This is due to the fact that suicide is an integrative phenomenon, and the act of suicide itself is interpreted, in essence, as the “tip of the iceberg”. What is especially clearly manifested in adolescence is the fact that the readiness to commit suicide is associated not so much with the level of severity of mental pathology and personality dysfunction, but with the general social context lack of well-being of total trouble. Therefore, suicide prevention cannot be based purely on the timely identi ﬁ cation of persons at risk for mental pathology. PURPOSE: The purpose of this work .
L’indisponibilità del “braccialetto elettronico”: le Sezioni Unite escludono automatismi decisori ma residuano dubbi

italianoLe Sezioni unite affermano l’autonomia decisoria del giudice che, accertata l’impossibilita di applicare gli arresti domiciliari con procedure di controllo a distanza per l’indisponibilita di dispositivi elettronici, e investito della scelta circa la misura adeguata a soddisfare le esigenze cautelari, essendo svincolato da ogni automatismo. EnglishThe sentence affirms the autonomy of the judge’s decision-making process when he is prevented to apply house-arrest with remote control for the unavailability of the electronic device. The judge shall refer the decision on the choice of appropriate measure to fulfill the precautionary requirements, since he is not bound by automatic criteria.
Time Sequence Summaries to Scale Up Time-dependent Applications

In this paper, we present the concept of Time Sequence Summarization to support chronology-dependent applications on massive data sources. Time sequence summarization takes as input a time sequence of events that are chronologically ordered. Each event is described by a set of descriptors. Time sequence summarization produces a concise time sequence that can be substituted for the original time sequence in chronology-dependent applications. We propose an algorithm that achieves time sequence summarization based on a generalization, grouping and concept formation process. Generalization expresses event descriptors at higher levels of abstraction using taxonomies while grouping gathers similar events. Concept formation is responsible for reducing the size of the input time sequence of events by representing each group created by one concept. The process is performed in a way such that the overall chronology of events is preserved. The algorithm computes the summary incrementally and has reduced algorithmic complexity. The resulting output is a concise representation, yet, informative enough to directly support chronology-dependent applications. We validate our approach by summarizing one year of ﬁnancial news provided by Reuters.
Porous Carbons Derived from Desiliconized Rice Husk Char and Their Applications as an Adsorbent in Multivalent Ions Recycling for Spent Battery

Recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has attracted increasing attentions recently on account of continuous growth demand for corresponding critical metals/materials and environmental requirement of solid waste disposal. In this work, rice husk as one of the most abundant renewable fuel materials in the world was used to prepare rice husk char (RC) and applied to recycle multivalent ions in waste water from hydrometallurgical technology dispose of spent LIBs. Rice husk char with specific surface area and abundant pores was obtained via pickling and desilication process (DPRC). The structural characterization of the obtained rice husk char and its adsorption capacity for multivalent ions in recycled batteries were studied. XRD, TEM, SEM, Raman, and BET were used for the characterization of the raw and the modified samples. The results show rice husk chars after desilication has more flourishing pore structure and larger pore size about 50–60 nm. Meanwhile, after desilication, the particle size of rice husk char decreased to 31.392 μ m, and the specific surface area is about 402.10 m 2 /g. Its nitrogen adsorption desorption curve (BET) conforms to the type IV adsorption isotherm with H 3 hysteresis ring, indicating that the prepared rice husk char is a mesoporous material. And the adsorption capacity of optimized DPRC for Ni, Co, and Mn ions is 7.00mg/g, 4.84mg/g, and 2.67 mg/g, respectively. It also demonstrated a good fit in the Freundlich model for DPRC-600 ° C, and a possible adsorption mechanism is proposed. The study indicates biochar materials have great potential as an adsorbent to recover multivalent ions from spent batteries.
Supplementary Material for “Non-Asymptotic Error Bounds for Bidirectional GANs”

We use σ to denote the ReLU activation function in neural networks, which is σ(x) = max{x, 0}. Without further indication, ‖·‖ represents theL2 norm. For any function g, let ‖g‖∞ = supx ‖g(x)‖. We use notationO(·) and Õ(·) to express the order of function slightly differently, whereO(·) omits the universal constant not relying on d while Õ(·) omits the constant related to d. We use B 2 (a) to denote L2 ball in R with center at 0 and radius a. Let g#ν be the pushforward distribution of ν by function g in the sense that g#ν(A) = ν(g−1(A)) for any measurable set A. The r-covering number of some class F w.r. t. norm ‖ · ‖ is the minimum number of r-‖ · ‖ radius balls needed to cover F , which we denote as N (r,F , ‖ · ‖). We denote N (r,F , L2(Pn)) as the covering number of F w.r. t. L2(Pn), which is defined as ‖f‖2L2(Pn) = 1 n ∑n i=1 ‖f(Xi)‖ where X1, . , Xn are the empirical samples. We denote N (r,F , L∞(Pn)) as the covering number of F w.r. t. L∞(Pn), which is defined as ‖f‖L∞(Pn) = max1≤i≤n ‖f(Xi)‖. It is easy to check that N (r,F , L2(Pn)) ≤ N (r,F , L∞(Pn)) ≤ N (r,F , ‖ · ‖∞). ∗Corresponding authors
Package ‘stableGR’

Description Practitioners of Bayesian statistics often use Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) samplers to sample from a posterior distribution. This package determines whether the MCMC sample is large enough to yield reliable estimates of the target distribution. In particular, this calculates a Gelman-Rubin convergence diagnostic using stable and consistent estimators of Monte Carlo variance. Additionally, this uses the connection between an MCMC sam-ple's effective sample size and the Gelman-Rubin diagnostic to produce a threshold for terminating MCMC simulation. Finally, this informs the user whether enough samples have been collected and (if necessary) estimates the number of samples needed for a desired level of accu-racy. The theory underlying these methods can be found in ``Revisiting the Gelman-Rubin Diag-nostic'' by Vats and Knudson
Critical Infrastructure Systems: Distributed Decision Processes over Network and Uncertainties

Critical Infrastructure Systems: Distributed Decision Processes over Network and Uncertainties Critical infrastructure systems (CISs) provide the essential services that are vital for a nation’s economy, security, and health, but the analysis of CISs are challenged due to their inherent complexity. This dissertation focuses primarily on the system analysis of critical infrastructure systems, with a particular interest to address the modeling and computational challenges brought by uncertainties, interdependencies and distributed decision making of various components and stakeholders involved in CISs, so that a secure, reliable, efficient and resilient system can be further pursued. Through two examples, the first one is on electric vehicle charging infrastructure planning in a competitive market, and the second one is on power generators planning in a restructured electricity market, we illustrate how our general modeling framework, N-SMOPEC, can be adapted to formulate the specific problems in transportation and energy system. Each example is solved by decomposition based approach with convergence properties developed based on recent theoretical advances of variational convergence. Median size numerical experiments are implemented to study the performance of proposed method and draw practical insights. In addition, we have shown some knowledge from different domains, such as microeconomics, energy and transportation, can be shared to facilitate the formulation and solution process of seemingly unrelated problems of each other, which could possibly foster the communication between different fields and open up new research opportunities from both theoretical and practical perspectives.
Photonic integrated devices for high-capacity data-center interconnect

Emerging short-reach data center interconnect (typically in the range of tens of km) is a scenario wherein the capacity has to be maximized over point-to-point optical links without intermediate optical amplification, i.e. unrepeated links. For this application, cost and compactness of the optical transceiver form factor to fit the faceplate density requirement are essential to keep up with the bandwidth demand inside hyper-scale data centers. For the optical module to fit in the current dimensions of client routers without compromising the performance, both the electronics and the optics have to be efficiently designed. As far as the opto-electronic is concerned, photonic integrated circuits (PIC) have been discussed in the community so that all the photonic functionalities are performed accordingly with the physical dimensions, power budget and performance specifications. This paper addresses the basic building blocks of silicon photonics coherent optical transceivers, from the design to experimental validation. In addition to the silicon optical modulator, basic components such as polarization splitter-rotators (PSRs) and optical filters will be addressed.
Considerations Regarding the Cross-Platform Mobile Application Development Process

The huge demand for mobile applications is caused by the growing share of the smart hand held devices. Covering that demand with high quality mobile applications developed, tested and released faster than traditional methods requires new development process approaches and tools having superior capabilities to achieve the developer’s purposes. The paper offers a comprehensive introduction to mobile applications, mobile development strategies, building environments and process, examining the particularities of cross-platform mobile application development lifecycle. The cross-platform approaching gives the mobile software developer the benefits of a larger market share and more potential users of the idea behind the mobile application functionality.
Poor vastus medialis muscle quality is associated with disrupted cartilage integrity in mild knee osteoarthritis

Objective: Identification of patients at high risk of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) using a noninvasive method at an earlier stage of the disease is a fundamental step in preventing disease progression. Although accumulated adipose tissue (i.e., poor quality) in the quadriceps muscle is a potent predictor of disease development, the relationship between quadriceps muscle quality and structural integrity has not been fully clarified. Using an ultrasound technique for muscle quality assessment, this study aimed to determine whether poor-quality quadriceps muscle is associated with structural abnormalities in the earlier stages of KOA. Design: This study included 49 patients (age: 44-78 years, 65.3% women) with 52 knees (Kellgren Lawrence grade 1-2). The sample size required was 46 knees. Ultrasound was used to assess the echo intensity (EI) of the vastus medialis (VM) with consideration of ultrasound wave attenuation caused by subcutaneous fat (i.e., corrected EI). Structural abnormalities were assessed using whole-organ magnetic resonance score (WORMS). A generalized linear mixed model was used to assess the relationship between corrected EI and WORMS total score. Sensitivity analysis focusing on the WORMS cartilage sub-score was conducted. Results: Increased corrected EI in the VM was significantly associated with higher joint structural abnormalities (i.e., WORMS total score) after adjustment for covariates. Sensitivity analysis revealed a similar relationship between muscle quality and WORMS cartilage sub-score. Conclusions: Patients with poor muscle quality in the VM displayed higher disease severity at an earlier stage of KOA. This study supports the use of ultrasound as a possible tool to identify patients at high risk of disease progression.
SOCIAL ENGINEERING AND CYBER SECURITY

As the digital era matures, cyber security evolves and software vulnerabilities diminish, people however, as individuals, are more exposed today than ever before. Presently, one of the most practiced and effective penetration attacks are social rather than technical, so efficient in fact, that these exploits play a crucial role to support the greatest majority of cyber assaults. Social Engineering is the art of exploiting the human flaws to achieve a malicious objective. In the context of information security, practitioners breach defences to access sensitive data preying particularly upon the human tendency towards trust. Cyber criminals induce their victims to break security protocol forfeiting confidential information propitious for a more targeted attack. Disastrously, in many cases, targets are manipulated to involuntarily infect and sabotage the system themselves. This paper examines recurrent social engineering techniques used by attackers, as well as revealing a basic complementary technical methodology to conduct effective exploits.
2006K-OS3-4 Design and Development of an Underwater Glider with Independently Controllable Main Wings

The purpose of this research is to develop an 'underwater glider with independently controllable main wings' for the use of oceanographic survey and worldwide-scale monitoring of marine environment by using a number of swarm-intelligent underwater gliders. The experimental underwater glider ‘ALEX’ was designed for much of a high performance of motion. The CFD technique was applied to estimating hydrodynamic forces in different conditions of glider’s attitude and environmental flow. Various kinds of experiments lead to the conclusion that the 'underwater glider with independently controllable main wings' had an admirable motion capability as compared with conventional 'underwater gliders with fixed main wings'.
Effects of forest fragmentation on reproductive effort and productivity of Indigo buntings (Passerina cyanea)

Forest fragmentation lowers reproductive success of breeding songbirds through edge effects that attract nest predators. The increased reproductive effort required to renest after predation may have physiological consequences for adults and their offspring. To determine if predation-induced renesting is associated with a decline in condition of breeding females and reduces productivity and offspring quality, I measured maternal condition (body mass and stress hormones) and reproductive output (clutch size, nestling quality, nest success) of Indigo Buntings (Passerina cyanea) breeding in a fragmented and contiguously forested landscape in Missouri. Overall, nest success did not differ significantly between landscapes, however, the effort to produce fledglings was higher in the fragmented landscape because only 34% of females in fragments produced broods on their first attempt whereas 61% in the contiguous forest produced broods on their first attempt. The majority of birds in both populations were single brooded (5/192 females attempted a second brood after successfully raising a first
Light and Electron Microscopic Immunolocalization

a-actinin is an actin-binding protein present in both muscle and non-muscle cells. It is involved in the anchorage of a-actin filaments [35, 44]. It is the main protein present in sarcomeric Z-discs from striated muscle, cytoplasmic dense bodies from smooth muscle and intercalated discs from cardiac muscle. a-actinin is a dimeric protein (MW=190,000) constituted by two identical peptides. It is implicated in packing a-actin filaments into the characteristic hexagonal bundles of the striated and cardiac muscle cells [12]. In contrast with the arrangement of a-actin in muscular cells, its spatial disposition in non-muscular cells is highly variable and complicated. Although it is well known that actin has an important role on cell architecture and motility [9,11, 26], in the central nervous system recent studies have demonstrated that it participates in slow axonal transport [30] . The novo assembly of actin filaments plays a crucial role in the formation of growth cones in the distal region of neurites [6, 7, 14, 31, 32, 39, 41] and myelinogenesis [22]. It has also been proposed that its role in synaptic release [3, 4, 34] should be taken into account, because synapsin-I binds actin filaments in a phosphorylation-dependent fashion. Both actin and actin-binding proteins have been immunocytochemically demonstrated in cultured glial cells [1, 2, 46], as well as with atomic force microscopy [17], and it has been suggested that a-smooth muscle actin represents a new marker for subsets of astrocytes [28]. The aim of the present study it to localize, by the use of the immunocytochemical methods, a-actinin within the rat cerebellar cortex, at both light and electron microscopic levels.
TECHNOLOGIES: oPPortunities and aPPlication oBstacles

T he first attempts to create devices that allow interacting with the imitated reality, as well as augmenting reality with superimposed information, were made at the beginning of the 20th century, the very concept of mixed reality (the “reality-virtuality continuum”), which elements are virtual (VR) and augmented (AR) reality, is quite young (24 years), as well as the market of these technologies. The concept of virtual and augmented reality hasn’t changed radically in the past 30 years, but VR and AR devices and software, and content have gone through a significant evolutionary path, and have already experienced several growth spikes. VR and AR technologies can be applied not only in entertainment and games. Many experts believe that virtual and augmented reality, along with Big Data, cloud technologies, artificial intelligence and some others, will become the key technologies of the 4th industrial revolution. VR and AR also have the potential to become the next big computing platform. Today VR and AR technologies help not only to create conceptually new markets, but also to disrupt the existing ones. This article discusses the evolution of the VR and AR concepts and technologies and current market trends. The results of the survey show the key obstacles for the mass distribution of AR and VR technologies: high implementation and operational costs of AR / VR solutions; lack of high-quality content and imperfect devices, implicit effectiveness of their use. Based on the empirical study, a rather extensive list of benefits from using virtual and augmented reality technologies has been drawn up: faster and cheaper learning, training and guiding processes, increase in their efficiency, the reduction of the costs of elements and supplies needed, training support