Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pulse-bandwidth dependence of coherent phase control of resonance-mediated ( 2 + 1 ) three-photon absorption

We study in detail coherent phase control of femtosecond resonance-mediated $(2+1)$ three-photon absorption and its dependence on the spectral bandwidth of the excitation pulse. The regime is the weak-field regime of third perturbative order. The corresponding interference mechanism involves a group of three-photon excitation pathways that are on resonance with the intermediate state and a group of three-photon excitation pathways that are near resonant with it. The model system of the study is atomic sodium (Na), for which experimental and numerical-theoretical results are obtained. Prominent among the results is our finding that with simple proper pulse shaping an increase in the excitation bandwidth leads to a corresponding increase in the enhancement of the three-photon absorption over the absorption induced by the (unshaped) transform-limited pulse. For example, here, a 40 nm bandwidth leads to an order-of-magnitude enhancement over the transform-limited absorption.
A satisfiability modulo theories approach to constraint programming

In this thesis we focus on solving CSPs using SMT. Essentially, what we do is reformulating CSPs into SMT. The obtained results allow us to conclude that state-of-the-art SMT solvers are a robust tool to solve CSPs. We tackle not only decisional CSPs, but also Constraint Optimization Problems and Weighted Constraint Satisfaction Problems. For solving these problems we have used SMT in conjunction with appropriated algorithms: search algorithms and UNSAT core-based algorithms. We have provided support for meta-constraints that is, constraints on constraints. Meta-constraints can be very helpful in the modelling process. Once verified that SMT is a good generic approximation for CP, we tested how algorithms built on top of an SMT solver can have equal or better performance than ad-hoc programs designed specifically for a given problem. The problem that we have selected to make this test is the RCPSP, obtaining highly competitive results.
Effect of Hydrothermal Environment on Mechanical Properties and Electrical Response Behavior of Continuous Carbon Fiber/Epoxy Composite Plates

In this work, the effect of a hydrothermal environment on mechanical properties and the electrical response behavior of continuous carbon fiber/epoxy (CFRE) composite produced by the pultrusion method were investigated. Due to the relatively uniform distribution of fibers and lack of resin-rich interlayer area, this effect for the pultruded CFRE composite plates is different from the common CFRE laminated composites. Firstly, its hygroscopicity behavior was studied. The absorption ratio increases rapidly to 1.02% within 3 days before reaching a relatively stable state. A three-point bending test, a Vickers hardness test, a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis were performed to investigate the effect of the hydrothermal environment on the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the CFRE composite. The results indicated that the bending strength decreased quickly within 3 days of hydrothermal treatment, followed by a stable trend, which coincided with that of the hygroscopicity behavior of the composites. The fracture surface analysis indicated that the interfacial properties of carbon fibers in the epoxy matrix were decreased after the hydrothermal treatment, and more carbon fibers could be pulled out from the CFRE in the hygroscopic state. After the hydrothermal treatment, the micro-hardness of the composites was reduced by 25%. TGA confirmed the decreased thermal stability of the CFRE composites after the hydrothermal treatment as well. Moreover, the hydrothermally treated CFRE composites could a reach stable resistance response more readily. The revealing of the effect of moisture and hot environment on the mechanical properties and electrical response behavior of pultruded CFRE composites prepares the ground for their design and practical application in the corresponding environment.
THE SFR–M* RELATION AND EMPIRICAL STAR FORMATION HISTORIES FROM ZFOURGE AT 0.5 < z < 4

We explore star formation histories (SFHs) of galaxies based on the evolution of the star formation rate stellar mass relation (SFR–M*). Using data from the FourStar Galaxy Evolution Survey (ZFOURGE) in combination with far-IR imaging from the Spitzer and Herschel observatories we measure the SFR–M* relation at 0.5 < z < 4. Similar to recent works we find that the average infrared spectral energy distributions of galaxies are roughly consistent with a single infrared template across a broad range of redshifts and stellar masses, with evidence for only weak deviations. We find that the SFR–M* relation is not consistent with a single power law of the form SFR ∝ M * &agr; ? > at any redshift; it has a power law slope of α ∼ 1 at low masses, and becomes shallower above a turnover mass (M0) that ranges from 109.5 to 1010.8 M⊙, with evidence that M0 increases with redshift. We compare our measurements to results from state-of-the-art cosmological simulations, and find general agreement in the slope of the SFR–M* relation albeit with systematic offsets. We use the evolving SFR–M* sequence to generate SFHs, finding that typical SFRs of individual galaxies rise at early times and decline after reaching a peak. This peak occurs earlier for more massive galaxies. We integrate these SFHs to generate mass growth histories and compare to the implied mass growth from the evolution of the stellar mass function (SMF). We find that these two estimates are in broad qualitative agreement, but that there is room for improvement at a more detailed level. At early times the SFHs suggest mass growth rates that are as much as 10× higher than inferred from the SMF. However, at later times the SFHs under-predict the inferred evolution, as is expected in the case of additional growth due to mergers.
Influence of Host Sialic Acid Receptors Structure on the Host Specificity of Influenza Viruses

Influenza viruses need to use sialic acid receptors to invade host cells, and the α-2,3 and α-2,6 sialic acids glycosidic bonds linking the terminal sialic acids are generally considered to be the most important factors influencing the cross-species transmission of the influenza viruses. The development of methods to detect the binding of influenza virus HA proteins to sialic acid receptors, as well as the development of glycobiological techniques, has led to a richer understanding of the structure of the sialylated glycan in influenza virus hosts. It was found that, in addition to the sialic acid glycosidic bond, sialic acid variants, length of the sialylated glycan, Gal-GlcNAc-linked glycosidic bond within the sialylated glycan, and sulfation/fucosylation of the GlcNAc within the sialylated glycan all affect the binding properties of influenza viruses to the sialic acid receptors, thus indirectly affecting the host specificity of influenza viruses. This paper will review the sialic acid variants, internal structural differences of sialylated glycan molecules that affect the host specificity of influenza viruses, and distribution characteristics of sialic acid receptors in influenza virus hosts, in order to provide a more reliable theoretical basis for the in-depth investigation of cross-species transmission of influenza viruses and the development of new antiviral drugs.
Phenotypes and Prognostic Factors of Syringomyelia in Single-Center Patients With Chiari I Malformation: Moniliform Type as a Special Configuration

Objective The specific association between morphometric characteristics of the syrinx and the prognosis of Chiari malformation type I (CM-I) with syringomyelia following surgical procedure seems to have not been fully elaborated. This study focused on the preoperative clinical and radiologic parameters in CM-I patients with syringomyelia to find out the relationship between the patients’ clinical status and the phenotypes of the syrinx with surgical outcome. Methods A continuous series of pediatric and adult patients with CM-I and syringomyelia from a prospectively maintained database in a single center were included, and we explored the related factors affecting the prognosis following decompression surgery through retrospective analysis of clinical presentations, imaging characteristics, and the morphological features of syringomyelia, to provide a clinical reference for the treatment of syringomyelia. Results There were 28 pediatric patients (13.8%), and 174 adults (86.2%) included in our study. The average Chicago Chiari Outcome Scale score was 14.56±1.78. The overall prognosis after surgery was good in our series, among them 152 cases (75.25%) with a favorable prognosis, and syrinx was resolved effectively in 172 cases (85.15%). According to the univariate and multivariate analyses, the preoperative symptom duration, observation time, and with/without moniliform type were independent factors affecting the prognosis in adults. The most obvious difference between moniliform type and nonmoniliform type lies in the preoperative symptom duration, ventral subarachnoid space at the foramen magnum, and with/without straightened cervical physio-curve. Conclusion Timely decompression surgery could achieve a better outcome in CM-I patients with syringomyelia. Moniliform syringomyelia may suggest a relatively better prognosis.
Planetesimal formation in self-gravitating discs

We study particle dynamics in local two-dimensional simulations of self-gravitating accretion discs with a simple cooling law. It is well known that the structure which arises in the gaseous component of the disc due to a gravitational instability can have a significant effect on the evolution of dust particles. Previous results using global simulations indicate that spiral density waves are highly efficient at collecting dust particles, creating significant local overdensities which may be able to undergo gravitational collapse. We expand on these findings using a range of cooling times to mimic the conditions at a large range of radii within the disc. Here we use the pencil code to solve the 2D local shearing sheet equations for gas on a fixed grid together with the equations of motion for solids coupled to the gas solely through aerodynamic drag force. We find that spiral density waves can create significant enhancements in the surface density of solids, equivalent to 1–10 cm sized particles in a disc following the profiles of Clarke around an ∼1 M⊙ star, causing it to reach concentrations several orders of magnitude larger than the particles mean surface density. We also study the velocity dispersion of the particles, finding that the spiral structure can result in the particle velocities becoming highly ordered, having a narrow velocity dispersion. This implies low relative velocities between particles, which in turn suggest that collisions are typically low energy, lessening the likelihood of grain destruction. Both these findings suggest that the density waves that arise due to gravitational instabilities in the early stages of star formation provide excellent sites for the formation of large, planetesimal-sized objects.
Human behaviour data analysis and noncommunicable diseases: a systematic mapping study

ABSTRACT Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) or chronic diseases are responsible for 41 million deaths each year, equivalent to 71% of all worldwide deaths. Many technologies are used to aid the treatment of NCDs, and data analysis has been used as an approach to improve the understanding of human behaviour related to risk factors. This study aims to distinguish how human behaviour data analysis has been applied to support the treatment and prevention of NCDs, what technologies are currently used, and what gaps are still left unexplored. We conducted a systematic mapping study to analyse academic articles published from 2010 to September 2021. A filtering process mitigated article bias by reviewing, analysing, and classifying 41 works from 12,395 collected. The main results obtained presented that 43% applied data analysis in depression, 17% applied for general NCDs, and 12% for diabetes. Whereas, machine learning represents 60% of technologies found in the articles, mobile devices 58%, and wearables 29%. This study proposes two taxonomies obtained from the analysis of the selected articles that allow systematised guides to access the knowledge produced in the study. In addition, the taxonomies link technologies used to identify human behaviour with associated NCDs.
A Pilot Study of Electrocardiographic Features in Patients with Obesity from a Tertiary Care Centre in Southern India (Electron)

Background: Obesity is associated with increased all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD). An electrocardiogram (ECG) may be used to screen for subtle signs of CVD or altered cardiac morphology in the obese. Methodology: This observational cross-sectional analysed ECG changes in patients with obesity at a tertiary care centre in southern India. Results: One hundred and fifty adult patients with a mean (SD) BMI of 39.9 (6.7) kg/m2 were recruited in the study after excluding those with comorbidities (diabetes mellitus, systemic hypertension) or on chronic medications (ACE inhibitors). The cohort showed a female predominance (69.3%), with a mean (SD) age of 45.4 (11.2) years. Most patients exhibited a sinus rhythm (78%), with one patient showing features of first-degree conduction block. Sinus tachycardia was seen in 32 (21.3%) patients. We observed left and right ventricular hypertrophy in five (3.3%) and three (2%) patients, respectively. Observed ECG patterns included a prolonged QTc in 16 (10.7%) patients, inverted T-waves (mostly in the inferior leads) in 39 (26%) patients and ST-segment depression (predominantly in the lateral leads) in 14 (9.3%) patients. A greater prevalence was noted for morbid obesity. No deaths were reported in our cohort. Conclusions: The predominant ECG variations in this cohort included tachycardia, atrial enlargement, ventricular hypertrophy, conduction defects, LAD, features of ischemia or old infarction and repolarization abnormalities, with a greater prevalence in morbid obesity. Further studies are needed to assess the impact of weight reducing measures on reversibility of these changes and determine the association with outcomes in obese patients.
Superconductivity phase diagram of Se-substituted CeO0.5F0.5Bi(S1-xSex)2

We investigated the effects of Se substitution on the lattice constants and superconducting properties of CeO0.5F0.5Bi(S1-xSex)2. With increasing Se concentration, the a lattice constant increased, while the c lattice constant did not show any significant increase between x = 0.1 and x = 0.5. Bulk superconductivity was observed in samples with x = 0.2-0.4, and the superconducting transition temperature was the highest at x = 0.3. The obtained superconductivity phase diagram was compared to those of LaO0.5F0.5Bi(S1-xSex)2 and NdO0.5F0.5Bi(S1-xSex)2.
Mobile Communication Among COTS IoT Devices via a Resonant Gyroscope With Ultrasound

Incompatible protocols and electromagnetic interference obstruct the realization of an everything-connected Internet of Things (IoT) communication network. Our system, Deaf-Aid, utilizes a stealthy speaker-to-gyroscope channel to build robust communication. Compared with existing solutions adopting physical covert channels, Deaf-Aid is free from the limitations of manual receiver distinction, additional hardware, conditional placement, or physical contact. It exploits ultrasounds to force gyroscopes embedded in receivers to resonate, so as to convey information. We investigate the relationship among axes in a gyroscope to deal with frequency offset and support multi-channel communication. Meanwhile, receivers are identified automatically via device fingerprints consisting of diversity of gyroscopes’ resonant frequency ranges. Furthermore, we enable Deaf-Aid the capability of mobile communication, which is an essential demand for IoT devices. We address the challenge of recovering accurate signals from motion interference. Extensive evaluations, including that on the commercial off-the-shelf devices, demonstrate that Deaf-Aid yields 47 bps with BER below 1%. To our best knowledge, Deaf-Aid is the first work to enable stealthy mobile IoT communication based on inertial sensors.
The Effects of Different Relative Loads in Weight Training on Acceleration and Acceleration from Flying Starts

The purpose of this review was to examine how different relative loads in weight training can improve acceleration over 10 m from a standing or flying start. A systematic review of the literature was undertaken using the following databases: PubMed, MedLine, Google Scholar, and SPORTDiscus. Studies were eligible if they met the following criteria: (1) participants were at least 15 years or older and healthy and injury free, (2) the study included at least one exercise for the lower body with a strength training frequency of at least once a week and included a training period of at least four weeks, and (3) interventions with clear pre- and post-test results on 10 m sprint or 10 m flying start are stated. Non-English-language articles were excluded. Percent change and between-group effect size (ES) were calculated to compare the effects of different training interventions. Forty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria. The results were categorized into four groups: (1) explosive weight training with light loads at 30–60% of 1-RM, (2) explosive weight training with moderate loads at 60–85% of 1-RM, (3) maximal weight training at 85–100% of 1-RM, and (4) hypertrophy training at 60–85% of 1-RM. At 10 m, all methods of weight training demonstrated improvements, and maximal weight training demonstrated the highest results with a large ES, while other approaches varied from very small to moderate ES. Weight training showed little progression with a significantly lower effect on flying start across all training methods, except for one group that trained power cleans (hypertrophy) where progress was large. To improve acceleration over the first 10 m, this review demonstrated maximal weight training as the preferred training method. For athletes with a pre-existing high level of strength, it could be more appropriate to use explosive training with light loads or a combination of the two. To a lesser extent, acceleration from a flying start could be improved using both training methods as well.
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics

Received Jan 1, 2022 Revised May 22, 2022 Accepted Aug 26, 2022 The motivation behind this paper stemmed from the fact that the world consumes the fast-depleting fossil fuel energy. Before the fossil fuel runs out, new technologies to harvest energy from alternative sources are needed. Sunlight is clean, free and abundant. The market for solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity generation is expanding rapidly. Therefore, an analytical review on the types of emitter for solar thermal photovoltaic (STPV) applications utilizing metamaterials and metasurfaces is presented in this research study. STPV is still important in the development of an emitter technology. STPV classifications based on the types of materials, compositions, dimensions, geometries, and long-term temperature stability are considered. The ability to engineer STPV by controlling one or more of the foregoing physical parameters are useful for researchers. Different types of design and simulation tools are considered. The near future plans are to optimize the efficiency of the emitter and investigate how various layers and different combinations of metamaterials affect such an efficiency by employing a simulation tool such as finite-difference time-domain (FDTD, Lumerical).
Quantum annealing and the Schrödinger-Langevin-Kostin equation

Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Informazione, Universita degli Studi di Milano, via Comelico 39/41, 20135 Milano, Italy(Dated: June 27, 2008)We show, in the context of quantum combinatorial optimization, or quantum annealing, how thenonlinear Schrodinger-Langevin-Kostin equation can dynamically drive the system toward its groundstate. We illustrate, moreover, how a frictional force of Kostin type can prevent the appearanceof genuinely quantum problems such as Bloch oscillations and Anderson localization which wouldhinder an exhaustive search.
Evidence for Supersolidity in Bulk Solid $^4$He

We report low temperature measurements of bulk solid $^4$He in a two-frequency compound torsional oscillator with both annular and open cylinder sample geometries. The oscillators were designed to suppress period shifts arising from all known elastic effects of solid $^4$He. At temperatures below 0.25 K, period shift signals similar to those reported by Kim and Chan [Science {\bf 305}, 1941 (2004)] were observed, albeit two orders smaller in magnitude. A sizable fraction of the observed signals are frequency-independent and consistent with the mass-decoupling expected for supersolid $^4$He. This result is in stark contrast with recent works on Vycor-solid-$^4$He system and suggests that a small supersolid fraction on the order of $1 \times 10^{-4}$ may indeed exist in bulk solid $^4$He.
Optimization of Phlorizin Extraction from Annurca Apple Tree Leaves Using Response Surface Methodology

Phlorizin is a plant-derived molecule with relevant anti-diabetic activity, making this compound a potential functional component in nutraceutical formulations for the management of glycemia. It is noteworthy that promising sources for the extraction of phlorizin include apple tree leaves, a by-product of apple fruit production. The main aim of this study was to optimize the extraction process of phlorizin from Annurca apple tree leaves (AALs) using response surface methodology (RSM), and to determine the potential nutraceutical application of the obtained extract. The results of the RSM analysis indicate a maximum phlorizin yield of 126.89 ± 7.579 (mg/g DW) obtained under the following optimized conditions: MeOH/H2O, 80:20 + 1% HCOOH as the extraction solvent; 37.7 °C as the extraction temperature; and 170 min as the time of extraction. The HPLC-DAD-HESI-MS/MS analysis performed on the extract obtained under such conditions, named optimized Annurca apple leaves extract (OAALE), led to the identification of twenty-three phenolic molecules, with fifteen of them quantified. To explore the nutraceutical potential of OAALE, the in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays, resulting in 21.17 ± 2.30, 38.85 ± 0.69, and 34.14 ± 3.8 μmol Trolox equivalent/g of extract, respectively. Moreover, the IC50 of 0.330 mg/mL obtained from the advanced glycation end-product inhibition assay, further supported the antidiabetic potential of OAALE.