Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Third-order non-local beam theories for the analysis of symmetrical nanobeams

Abstract This article presents formulation of third-order non-local beam theories based on Eringen's non-local continuum theory and the Reddy and Leung higher-order beam models for bending, buckling, and vibration of nanobeams. By applying the variational principle, an asymptotic governing differential equation of infinite-order strain gradients is derived and subsequently the governing equation of motion of the nanobeams is obtained. For practical applications, the Navier solutions of the asymptotic non-local model are presented and discussed. Bending, buckling, and vibration of nanobeams with simply supported boundary conditions are investigated. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the corresponding effects of non-local scale parameter, rotary inertia and transverse shear deformation on deflections, buckling loads, and natural frequencies of nanobeams.
Hydrodynamic performance of wave-driven artificial upwelling device

Artificial upwelling and mixing is a new technology for enhancing open ocean mariculture using nutrient-rich deep ocean water. A wave-driven artificial upwelling device was developed based on mathematical modeling and hydraulic experiments. Results of the numerical modeling are in good agreement with hydraulic experiments. The mathematical model was applied to simulate the operation of a prototype device in typical Hawaiian waves. The prototype device consists of a buoy with a water chamber 4.0 m in diameter, a flow-controlling valve, and a long tail pipe 300 m in length and 1.2 m in diameter. This device can produce an upwelling flow of 0.62 m3/s in regular Hawaiian waves with a period of 12 s and a wave height of 1.9 m. Two analytical solutions to the simplified governing equations were also derived that provide a basis for the derivation of predictive equations, useful for preliminary engineering design and analysis.
Mechanisms of field‐aligned current formation in magnetic reconnection

Satellite observations provide strong evidence for the generation of significant field‐aligned currents (FACs) during magnetic reconnection. Reconnection of antiparallel magnetic field does not generate FACs in magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) due to coplanarity in MHD shocks. However, a guide magnetic field and a sheared velocity component are almost always present at the magnetopause and their absence is a singular case. It is illustrated that the presence of these noncoplanar fields requires FACs. Contrary to intuition, such currents are generated more efficiently for a small guide field and are more likely to be a result of the redistribution of already present FACs for large guide fields. It is demonstrated that moderate values of shear flow can generate significant ionospheric FACs. Similar to shear flow, the presence of Hall physics leads to significant FACs and we examine the scaling of these current with the ion inertia length.
Stress relaxation and precursor decay in laser shock-loaded iron

Iron samples of different thicknesses have been submitted to laser shocks of short duration. Transmitted wave measurements have been performed by means of polymeric piezoelectric transducers. The records indicate a decrease of the elastic precursor amplitude with increasing propagation distance, as well as a stress relaxation behind the elastic wave front. These features were already observed in shock-loaded iron, but this paper extends the experimental data to a previously unexplored range of thin targets and high strain rates. Postshock examinations of the recovered specimens reveal significant twin formation. Computer simulations of the experiments have been made using a constitutive model from the literature, including a theoretical description of rate-dependent twinning. The ability of that model to predict the experimental results has been tested. A correct overall agreement has been obtained, except for some discrepancies which have been discussed.
Non-invasive determination of the parameters of strongly coupled 2D Yukawa liquids

We derive a method for identifying the Yukawa model parameters of two-dimensional (2D) strongly coupled dusty plasmas. The method is based on non-invasive observation of the dust component of the plasma and comparison with a large body of simulation data in the form of simple analytical formulas. This approach requires only input from a time-series of configuration snapshots and particle velocities with no recourse to additional information about the system. In addition, we derive an effective coupling parameter for 2D Yukawa systems based on the height of the first maximum of the pair distribution function. Two variants—one valid in the high-coupling range, the other for arbitrary couplings of the liquid—are derived. Comparison to previous approaches to Yukawa coupling parameters shows that the present concept is more general and more accurate. Our results should be directly applicable as a simple, yet reliable diagnostic method for a variety of experiments, including dusty plasmas, colloidal suspensions.
Compact UHF 3rd-Order Bandpass Filter with Sharp Skirt by Cascaded Triplet CRLH-ZORs

Abstract We propose a novel bandpass filter miniaturized by the composite right- and left-handed (CRLH) zeroth order resonators (ZORs) which form a cascaded triplet (CT) to have a significantly sharp skirt for high frequency selectivity. A 3rd-order UHF bandpass case is tested. Therefore, firstly, we design an in-line ZOR bandpass filter whose total size is nearly 0.3 times the size of the paralleledge coupled filter. Secondly, we create a transmission zero (TZ) by changing the three in-line ZORs of the filter to a CT. As a result, with the insertion loss less than 1.1 dB and return loss less than −15 dB, the proposed filter has the size-reduction so that its size is smaller than 1/3 of a 3rd-order parallel-edge coupled filter, and its skirt is as steep as a 6th-order Chebyshev filter. The simulation and measurement validate the proposed design method, and the CRLH ZOR properties are proven by the no-phase variation electric field and dispersion diagram.
THERMAL BUCKLING OF FUNCTIONALLY GRADED PLATES BASED ON HIGHER ORDER THEORY

Equilibrium and stability equations of a rectangular plate made of functionally graded material (FGM) under thermal loads are derived, based on the higher order shear deformation plate theory. Assuming that the material properties vary as a power form of the thickness coordinate variable z and using the variational method, the system of fundamental partial differential equations is established. The derived equilibrium and stability equations for functionally graded plates (FGPs) are identical to the equations for laminated composite plates. A buckling analysis of a functionally graded plate under four types of thermal loads is carried out and results in closed-form solutions. The critical buckling temperature relations are reduced to the respective relations for functionally graded plates with a linear composition of constituent materials and homogeneous plates. The results are compared with the critical buckling temperatures obtained for functionally graded plates based on classical plate theory given in the literature. The study concludes that higher order shear deformation theory accurately predicts the behavior of functionally graded plates, whereas the classical plate theory overestimates buckling temperatures.
Thermal stress failure criteria for a structural epoxy

Representative failure data for structural epoxies can be very difficult to find for the optomechanical engineer. Usually, test data is only available for shear configuration at room temperature and fast pull rate. On the other hand, the slowly induced stress at extreme temperature is for many optical systems the worse-case scenario. Since one of the most referenced epoxy for optical assembly is the 3M™ Scotch-Weld™ Epoxy Adhesive EC-2216 B/A Gray, better understanding its behavior can benefit a broad range of applications. The objective of this paper is two-fold. First, review data for critical parameters such as Young's modulus and coefficient of thermal expansion. Secondly, derive failure criteria from correlation between a thermal stress experiment and a finite element model. Instead of pulling out a standard tensile specimen, it is proposed to test thin bondline geometry to replicate an optical device usage. Four test plates are assembled at the Institut National d'Optique (INO) in Quebec City, Canada with bondlines of 50 μm and 133 μm. To detect the failure of the epoxy, the low level vibration signature of a cantilever Invar plate is monitored as temperature changes. Following the finite element analysis, a failure criterion is found to better match the experimental results than generic lap shear data.
Gravitational-Wave Science with the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory

GRAVITATIONAL-WAVE SCIENCE WITH THE LASER INTERFEROMETER GRAVITATIONAL-WAVE OBSERVATORY The University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, May 2015 Under the Supervision of Professor Jolien Creighton Gravitational-waves, as predicted by Einstein’s theory of general relativity, are oscillations of spacetime caused by the motion of masses. Although not yet directly detected, there is strong evidence for the existence of gravitational-waves. Detectable gravitationalwaves will come from dramatic astrophysical events, such as supernova explosions and collisions of black holes. The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) is a network of detectors designed to make the first direct detection of gravitational waves. The upgraded version of LIGO, Advanced LIGO (aLIGO), will offer a dramatic improvement in sensitivity that will virtually guarantee detections. Gravitational-wave detections will not only illuminate mysterious astrophysical systems but will also provide a test of Einstein’s theory of general relativity. This dissertation discusses the development of software for use in aLIGO and tests on aLIGO data for verifying general relativity. I have constructed and tested critical components of aLIGO’s low-latency data analysis network. Low-latency refers to unnoticeable delays in the performance of software. I have developed and tested low-latency calibration software that takes the raw data from the LIGO detectors and converts it into gravitational-wave strain. I have also conducted a search on initial LIGO data for gravitational waves from sub-solar mass black hole binary systems. This search is a proofof-principle search for an aLIGO binary neutron star search, which is the most promising search for the first direct gravitational-wave detection. Finally, I have investigated the ability of aLIGO to detect violations of general relativity through a gravitationalwave detection of the orbit and collision of two astrophysical objects. The dissertation work discussed here is aimed to improve low-latency data production and analysis in gravitational-wave physics and will further the scientific findings from a gravitationalwave detection.
Zero-Inflated Censored Regression Models: An Application with Episode of Care Data

ZERO-INFLATED CENSORED REGRESSION MODELS: AN APPLICATION WITH EPISODE OF CARE DATA Jonathan P. Prasad Department of Statistics Master of Science The objective of this project is to fit a sequence of increasingly complex zeroinflated censored regression models to a known data set. It is quite common to find censored count data in statistical analyses of health-related data. Modeling such data while ignoring the censoring, zero-inflation, and overdispersion often results in biased parameter estimates. This project develops various regression models that can be used to predict a count response variable that is affected by various predictor variables. The regression parameters are estimated with Bayesian analysis using a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm. The tests for model adequacy are discussed and the models are applied to an observed data set.
Inelastic and Elastic Photoproduction of J/$\psi$ (3097)

Inelastic and elastic J/psi photoproduction on hydrogen are investigated at a mean energy of 105 GeV. The inelastic cross section with E/sub psi/ /E/sub . gamma. /<0.9 is significantly lower than the corresponding result for muoproduction on iron targets, but is consistent with a second-order perturbative QCD calculation.
Uncooled operation of type-II InAs∕GaSb superlattice photodiodes in the midwavelength infrared range

We report high performance uncooled midwavelength infrared photodiodes based on interface-engineered InAs∕GaSb superlattice. Two distinct superlattices were designed with a cutoff wavelength around 5μm for room temperature and 77 K. The device quantum efficiency reached more than 25% with responsivity around 1A∕W. Detectivity was measured around 109cmHz1∕2∕W at room temperature and 1.5×1013cmHz1∕2∕W at 77 K under zero bias. The devices were without antireflective coating. The device quantum efficiency stays at nearly the same level within this temperature range. Additionally, Wannier–Stark oscillations in the Zener tunneling current were observed up to room temperature.
Stabilization of absolute instability in spanwise wavy two-dimensional wakes

Abstract Controlling vortex shedding using spanwise-varying passive or active actuation (namely three-dimensional control) has recently been reported as a very efficient method for regulating two-dimensional bluff-body wakes. However, the mechanism of how the designed controller regulates vortex shedding is not clearly understood. To understand this mechanism, we perform a linear stability analysis of two-dimensional wakes, the base flow of which is modified with a given spanwise waviness. Absolute and convective instabilities of the spanwise wavy base flows are investigated using Floquet theory. Two types of base-flow modification are considered: varicose and sinuous. Both of these modifications attenuate absolute instability of two-dimensional wakes. In particular, the varicose modification is found to be much more effective in the attenuation than the sinuous one, and its spanwise lengths resulting in maximum attenuation show good agreement with those in three-dimensional controls. The physical mechanism of the stabilization is found to be associated with the formation of streamwise vortices from tilting of two-dimensional Kármán vortices and the subsequent tilting of these streamwise vortices by the spanwise shear in the base flow. Finally, the sensitivity of absolute instability to spanwise wavy base-flow modification is investigated. It is shown that absolute instability of two-dimensional wakes is much less sensitive to spanwise wavy base-flow modification than to two-dimensional modification. This suggests that the high efficiency observed in several three-dimensional controls is not due to the sensitive response of the wake instability to the spanwise waviness in the base flow.
On Nonpreemptive Policies for Stochastic Single-Machine Scheduling with Breakdowns

A set of stochastic jobs is to be processed on a single machine that is subject to breakdown. All jobs make progress as they are processed in the absence of machine breakdowns. However, breakdowns cause setbacks to (possibly) all jobs in the system, except those that have already been completed. With machines subject only to fairly mild restrictions on this “damage” process, we demonstrate the existence of a nonpreemptive policy that is optimal in the class of all preemptive ones.
Limit Cycle Analysis Applied to the Oscillations of Decelerating Blunt-Body Entry Vehicles

Many blunt-body entry vehicles have nonlinear dynamic stability characteristics that produce self-limiting oscillations in flight. Several different test techniques can be used to extract dynamic aerodynamic coefficients to predict this oscillatory behavior for planetary entry mission design and analysis. Most of these test techniques impose boundary conditions that alter the oscillatory behavior from that seen in flight. Three sets of test conditions, representing three commonly used test techniques, are presented to highlight these effects. Analytical solutions to the constant-coefficient planar equations-of-motion for each case are developed to show how the same blunt body behaves differently depending on the imposed test conditions. The energy equation is applied to further illustrate the governing dynamics. Then, the mean value theorem is applied to the energy rate equation to find the effective damping for an example blunt body with nonlinear, self-limiting dynamic characteristics. This approach is used to predict constant-energy oscillatory behavior and the equilibrium oscillation amplitudes for the various test conditions. These predictions are verified with planar simulations. The analysis presented provides an overview of dynamic stability test techniques and illustrates the effects of dynamic stability, static aerodynamics and test conditions on observed dynamic motions. It is proposed that these effects may be leveraged to develop new test techniques and refine test matrices in future tests to better define the nonlinear functional forms of blunt body dynamic stability curves.
Homéomorphismes de surfaces Théorèmes de la ﬂeur de Leau-Fatou et de la variété stable

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Fitting Population Dynamics Models to Count and Cull Data Using Sequential Importance Sampling

Abstract For prudent wildlife management based on population dynamics models, it is important to incorporate parameter uncertainty into the management advice. Much parameter uncertainty originates when it is not possible to parameterize the population management model for a population of interest using data from that population alone. Instead, information about parameter values obtained from other populations of the same species, or even from similar species, must be used. In addition, the age structure of wildlife populations is generally unknown. We show how sequential importance sampling can be used for combining information on demographic processes, obtained from closely studied populations, with aggregated count and cull information from the population to be managed. We resample parameter sets using kernel smoothing, which has the effect of perturbing parameter values. We show how the fitted model can be used to explore alternative culling strategies for red deer in Scotland.
3D micro-structures folded by Lorentz force

We've made a spatial micro-structure by folding at elastic hinges. However, the micro-folding causes the difficulties, e.g. hard access, a time-consuming task, and damage to the structure. In this report, we propose installing micro-actuators on a microstructure to fold it out of a planar structure. The actuator is based on the Lorentz force, which acts on a current in a magnetic field. This actuator can be made simply by using an external magnetic field. The amplitude of the Lorentz force can be controlled by either the current or the magnetic field. Also, the direction of the force can be controlled by the direction of the field.
Nonlinear dynamics of tapping-mode atomic force microscopy in liquid

One problem in imaging is due to coexistence of double stable responses which can reduce the precision of the images. Our target is comparing coexistence of double responses in liquid with responses obtained in air. Contact forces have some differences in liquid in comparison to air in magnitude and in the formulation. Hydrodynamic forces are also applied on the cantilever. This may change the nonlinear dynamics of tapping-mode Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) in liquid in comparison to air. In this paper, we have simulated a tapping-mode AFM (TMAFM) cantilever in liquid environment and explored the existence of multi responses in amplitude and phase diagrams. For modeling we have used a continuous beam model with its first mode and forward-time simulation method for the solution of its hybrid dynamics. Frequency response results of the simulation show a good agreement with experiments. The results for studying the nonlinear dynamics of an AFM microcantilever show that while there are two stable responses in.
Are AP stars magnetic balloons

We consider the effect of a large, global magnetic field on the structure of upper--main-sequence envelopes. We find that, for a simple stellar envelope model incorporating a 1000 gauss field, the additional B/sup 2//8.pi. magnetic pressure component may be sufficient to expand the photosphere of a 2.0 M/sub sun/ star by about 20%. We discuss the implications of this effect for both Ap stars and for the position of the main sequence in cluster H-R diagrams.
Mechanical Properties of Thin Nickel Films

Vapor‐deposited nickel films in the thickness range 700 to 4000 A were stressed to fracture in uniaxial tension in the as‐deposited condition and after annealing at 650°C for 3 h or at 700°C for 5 min. The existence of a strength dependence on thickness was observed for both the as‐deposited and annealed films; however, the as‐deposited films were 1½ to 2 times stronger than annealed films of comparable thickness. The thickness‐strength relationship for as‐deposited films was found to be σ = 134 kg/mm2+(1675 A kg/mm2)t−½, while that for the annealed was σ = (−.0245 kg‐mm−2/A) t+155.6 kg/mm2. Both the annealed and as‐deposited films exhibited fracture strengths in excess of bulk nickel of analogous structure.It is believed that the observed high strengths of as‐deposited nickel films are due in part to the high defect density arising from the vapor deposition process and to the proximity of the film surfaces which further inhibits dislocation motion. With regard to the latter, a mechanism involving disloca.
Three-STEP HEURISTIC ALGORITHM FOR OPTIMAL PLA COLUMN FOLDING

A three-step heuristic algorithm for PLA column folding is presented, which is significantly faster than the earlier works and provides nearly optimal results. The three steps are (i) Min-Cut partition of vertices in the column intersection graph, (ii) determination of product order using Fiduccia's Min-Net Cut algorithm, and (iii) head-tail pairing for deciding column folding pairs.