Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Behavioral and Brain Functions

Background: Differentiating between bipolar spectrum disorder (BD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in childhood and adolescence is difficult because the clinical presentation is influenced by ongoing neural development, causing considerable symptom overlap. Motor problems and neurological soft signs have been associated with ADHD for decades. Little is known about motor skills in BD. Here we assess the diagnostic accuracy of neuromotor deviations in differentiating ADHD from BD in clinical practice. We also investigate if these deviations exist in concurrent ADHD and BD, thus indicating true comorbidity Methods: 64 patients 6-18 years (31 girls, 33 boys) fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of BD, ADHD combined subtype (ADHD-C) or comorbid BD and ADHD-C, were compared using an agestandardized neuromotor test; NUBU. Categorical variables were analyzed using cross table with two-tailed chi square test or Fisher's exact test when appropriate. Continuous variables were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test and, if significant, Mann-Whitney U test and ROC plots. Results: The ADHD-C group and the comorbid ADHD-C and BD group both showed significantly more neurological soft signs (p less than 0.01) and lower mean static coordination percentile (p less than 0.01) than the BD group. The positive predictive value of NUBU in the diagnosis of ADHDC with or without concurrent BD was 89% (80-95) for total soft signs and 87% (79-95) for static coordination below the 7.5 percentile. Conclusion: An age-standardized neuromotor test battery may promote diagnostic accuracy in differentiating ADHD from BD in clinical practice, and help evaluating whether symptoms of ADHD in children who have BD reflect symptom overlap or real comorbidity. This may have important implications for everyday diagnostic work. Published: 10 December 2009 Behavioral and Brain Functions 2009, 5:47 doi:10.1186/1744-9081-5-47 Received: 15 June 2009 Accepted: 10 December 2009 This article is available from: http://www.behavioralandbrainfunctions. com/content/5/1/47 © 2009 Udal et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Cenozoic tilting history of the south slope of the Altyn Tagh as revealed by seismic profiling: Implications for the kinematics of the Altyn Tagh fault bounding the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau

The Altyn Tagh fault (ATF) plays a significant role in the northward growth of the Tibetan Plateau, but its Cenozoic kinematics and related structural response in adjacent basins remain debated. In this study, we identified a transition zone between the ATF and the Qaidam Basin interior and termed it the Altyn Slope, based on a dense network of two- and three-dimensional seismic reflection profiles and isopach maps. Tilted by a series of E-W–trending transpressional faults that constitute the positive flower structure of the ATF, the present Altyn Slope is characterized by a southeast-dipping slope with its undulating southeastern boundary with peaks coincidentally located at the major anticlinal belts in the basin. We propose a method for restoring the Cenozoic tilting history of the Altyn Slope during different time periods by identifying growth-strata geometry from the recent isopach maps. The results show that the Altyn Slope began to form in the late Eocene (ca. 40 Ma) and continued to expand until the mid-Miocene (ca. 15 Ma) albeit with a temporally developing shape. However, the Altyn Slope shrank toward the ATF and underwent significant NE-SW–directed folding since the mid-Miocene (ca. 15 Ma), resulting in formation of undulations of its southeastern boundary. We thus infer that the left-slip motion on the ATF is divided into two distinct stages: during the first stage, ca. 40–15 Ma, the ATF was activated with slow slip rate, and most transpressional stress was converted to vertical strain, raising the Altyn Slope instead of producing strike-slip motion. During the second stage, since ca. 15 Ma, faster sinistral strike-slip motion on the ATF took place, releasing the stress beneath the Altyn Slope and inducing intense NE-SW–directed shortening within the Northern Tibetan Plateau.
Supporting Information to : Super-localization of excitons in carbon nanotubes at cryogenic temperature

C. Raynaud,1 T. Claude,1 A. Borel,1 M. -R. Amara,1 A. Graf,2 J. Zaumseil,2 J.S. Lauret,3 Y. Chassagneux,1 and C. Voisin1 1Laboratoire de physique, École normale supérieure, PSL, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France 2Institute for Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany 3Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, École Normale Supérieure de Paris Saclay, Université Paris Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
Damping Injection Learning for Robots with Actor-Critic Driven by Integral Sliding Manifolds

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is characterized by enforcing a reward collection mechanism that qualifies task performance aimed at optimizing a value function that tunes the action (control). In contrast to control theory, RL satisfies two metrics simultaneously: the task metric commonly, defined as the task error, and the temporal difference (TD) error. Thus, the RL has been empowered to learn how to fulfill control tasks based on a learning stage that collects rewards that evaluate a second metric of the robot’s performance. In this way, including RL in control systems is an advantageous scheme for some critical tasks nowadays. Consequently, the stability can be guaranteed, largely missing in the RL’s literature, to safe system operation. In this paper, we propose an Actor-Critic (AC) scheme using the Critic Neural Network (C-NN) to approximate a value function using the TD error reduction, whereas the adaptive tuning of damping injection gain is provided by the Actor NN (A-NN) to enforce stability in closed-loop finally; achieving asymptotic stability with an underlying integral sliding mode loop. In this way, our proposal contributes to a novel model-free RL scheme that yields local exponential convergence with a smooth control action. Numeric simulations for a 2-DoF robot manipulator are presented and discussed under different conditions.
Ocean General Circulation Model Sensitivity Experiment with an open Central American Isthmus

We have tested the sensitivity of an ocean general circulation model to changes in solid boundary conditions by opening the central American isthmus in order to simulate possible circulation patterns existing prior to about 3.0–4.0 Ma. The model was driven by present winds, atmospheric temperatures, and moisture fluxes, with the only difference between control and perturbed runs being the open isthmus. Significant changes result for the perturbed case, almost all of which can be traced to changes in surface salinity distribution. With an open isthmus, lower-salinity waters from the Pacific dilute North Atlantic surface waters by >1.0‰. The lower surface salinities cause the thermohaline cell in the North Atlantic to collapse, with North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) production reduced to near zero. This response greatly weakens poleward ocean heat transport in the North Atlantic. The “no-NADW” result appears to be insensitive to initial conditions and represents a circulation mode different than a “low-NADW” mode found in the same ocean model using present geographic forcing. There is some agreement between model predictions and geologic data, which indicate a significantly different deep-water circulation pattern prior to ∼2.4 Ma. However, observations suggests that the time of major transition in circulation regimes occurs earlier than the final closure of the isthmus. This discrepancy may reflect the fact that near-closure of the isthmus by 7–10 Ma could have been sufficient to alter the circulation. As ocean heat transport is a key source of warmth to the high latitudes of the North Atlantic, some compensating factor (CO2? ) may have been required to restore warmth to that region prior to ∼3.0–4.0 Ma.
Special Topic : High Performance Computing High-performance computing environment : a review of twenty years of experiments in China

A high-performance computing environment, also known as a supercomputing environment, e-Science environment or cyberinfrastructure, is a crucial system that connects users’ applications to supercomputers, and provides usability, efficiency, sharing, and collaboration capabilities.This review presents important lessons drawn from China’s nationwide efforts to build and use a high-performance computing environment over the past 20 years (1995–2015), including three observations and two open problems. We present evidence that such an environment helps to grow China’s nationwide supercomputing ecosystem by orders of magnitude, where a loosely coupled architecture accommodates diversity. An important open problem is why technology for global networked supercomputing has not yet become as widespread as the Internet or Web. In the next 20 years, high-performance computing environments will need to provide zettaflops computing capability and 10 000 times better energy efficiency, and support seamless human-cyber-physical ternary computing.
Special Topic: from Epigenetic to Epigenomic Regulation Single-base Resolution Analysis of Dna Epigenome via High-throughput Sequencing

Epigenetic changes caused by DNA methylation and histone modifications play important roles in the regulation of various cellular processes and development. Recent discoveries of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) oxidation derivatives including 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytsine (5fC) and 5-carboxycytosine (5caC) in mammalian genome further expand our understanding of the epigenetic regulation. Analysis of DNA modification patterns relies increasingly on sequencing-based profiling methods. A number of different approaches have been established to map the DNA epigenomes with single-base resolution , as represented by the bisulfite-based methods, such as classical bisulfite sequencing (BS-seq), TAB-seq (TET-assisted bisulfite sequencing), oxBS-seq (oxidative bisulfite sequencing) and etc. These methods have been used to generate base-resolution maps of 5mC and its oxidation derivatives in genomic samples. The focus of this review will be to discuss the chemical methodologies that have been developed to detect the cytosine derivatives in the genomic DNA. (2016). Single-base resolution analysis of DNA epigenome via high-throughput sequencing.
Incidence of Toxigenic Fungi on Paddy of Godavari Belt Region, A. P. India

Seed mycoflora in relation to mycotoxins incidence on paddy of Godavari belt region was investigated by using dilution plate method and blotter technique. In all, 33 fungal species representing 22 genera were detected. The percentage of incidence of different fungi varied with the sample. No positive correlation could be observed among the parameters of percentage of incidence, frequency and abundance. However, A. flavus dominated the seed surface of paddy in all the samples. Myrothecium roridum could only be recorded in samples of Adilabad, Nizamabad and Khammam. Alternaria alternata could not be spotted in samples of Khammam and West Godavari, while Curvularia lunata could not be detected in samples of Khammam and East Godavari. Incidence of toxigenic strains was found to be quite high. Mycotoxins like aflatoxins, patulin, terreic acid, ochratoxin A, citrinin, zearalenone, nivalenol, DON and sterigmatocystin were elaborated by one or other strains of fungi isolated.
Prevalence and Missed Cases of Respiratory Distress Syndrome Disease Amongst Neonatal Deaths Enrolled in the Kenya Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance Network (CHAMPS) Program Between 2017 and 2021

Objectives. To describe RDS in neonatal deaths at the CHAMPS-Kenya site between 2017 and 2021. Methods. We included 165 neonatal deaths whose their Causes of death (COD) were determined by a panel of experts using data from post-mortem conducted through minimally invasive tissue specimen testing, clinical records, and verbal autopsy. Results. Twenty-six percent (43/165) of neonatal deaths were attributable to RDS. Most cases occurred in low birthweight and preterm neonates. From these cases, less than half of the hospitalizations were diagnosed with RDS before death, and essential diagnostic tests were not performed in most cases. Most cases received suboptimal levels of supplemental oxygen, and critical interventions like surfactant replacement therapy and mechanical ventilation were not adequately utilized when available. Conclusion. The study highlights the urgent need for improved diagnosis and management of RDS, emphasizing the importance of increasing clinical suspicion and enhancing training in its clinical management to reduce mortality rates.
Identifikasi Makroalga yang Tersebar di Perairan Walakiri Sumba Timur

This study aims to identify macroalgae scattered in Walakiri waters. The method used in this study was to explore the entire coast of Walakiri. The samples which were then identified visually and morphologically include: color, thallus shape, serrations on the stems of each macroalgae sample and then matched to AlgaeBase: http://www.algaebase. org. The results showed that there were 3 classes of macroalgae with a total of 10 species including red algae (Eucheuma cottonii, Eucheuma spinosum, Achanthopora spicifera), brown algae (Padina australis, Sargassum vulgare, Sargassum cristaefolium, Sargassum polycystum), and green algae (Ulva reticulata, Halimeda micronesica, Codium Fragile). In addition, the water quality of Walakiri is good for macroalgae growth.
A Novel Smart Shoe Instrumented with Sensors for Quantifying Foot Placement and Clearance during Stair Negotiation

Trips and slips are significant causal perturbations leading to falls on stairs, especially in older people. The risk of a trip caused by a toe or heel catch on the step edge increases when clearance is small and variable between steps. The risk of a slip increases if the proportion of the foot area in contact with the step is reduced and variable between steps. To assess fall risk, these measurements are typically taken in a gait lab using motion-capture optoelectronic systems. The aim of this work was to develop a novel smart shoe equipped with sensors to measure foot placement and foot clearance on stairs in real homes. To validate the smart shoe as a tool for estimating stair fall risk, twenty-five older adults’ sensor-based measurements were compared against foot placement and clearance measurements taken in an experimental staircase in the lab using correlations and Bland–Altman agreement techniques. The results showed that there was a good agreement and a strong positive linear correlation for foot placement (r = 0.878, p < 0.000) and foot clearance (r = 0.967, p < 0.000) between sensor and motion analysis, offering promise for advancing the current prototype into a measurement tool for fall risk in real-life staircases.
Cultural Influence on Lean Six Sigma Maturity Assessments

This paper explores the impact of national culture on the maturity of Lean Six Sigma (LSS) implementation in a large manufacturing company. This study compares LSS maturity assessments in teams from Singapore and the USA, which have different national cultures but similar working conditions. The study investigates the relationship between LSS maturity and business performance in different cultures using Fisher’s exact test. The results indicate that Singapore's LSS maturity scores have an effect on their business performance, while the data from the USA has no statistically significant relationship between LSS maturity and performance. The findings suggest that national culture is an important factor in the success of LSS implementation, highlighting the need for organisations to consider cultural differences when developing and implementing LSS strategies. The current findings are in opposition to several prior investigations that state the influence of national cultures on LSS to be negligible. In contrast, the present study's results are consistent with a multitude of research on Total Quality Management (TQM), which demonstrates that national culture indeed exerts a considerable impact on the process improvement framework. This research provides valuable insights for the manufacturing field, contributing to the growing body of knowledge on the influence of culture on process improvement initiatives.
Identifying effective treatments to reinstate heath vegetation on commercially extracted peatlands at Hobbister RSPB Reserve, Orkney, Scotland

SUMMARY Trials were undertaken to assess the effectiveness of various treatments aimed at reinstating heathlan d vegetation at Hobbister RSPB Reserve (Orkney Islands) on a denuded area where no vascular plant growth had occurred since peat had been extracted c ommercially over 30 years previously. A management history of Hobbister was collated and information (derived from a literature search of restoration techniques) combined with observations of physical conditions at the site, was used to develop a list of possible impediments to heathland vegetation regeneration. Based upon these findings , eight sets of treatments were designed and applied to trial plots devoid of vegetation in June 2006. P lots were surveyed in August 2009. A combination of peat dust, heath mulch and geojute gave best results with 80% cover of vascular plants (including 70% by heather Calluna vulgaris ). Although two grassseed addition plots had higher cover values (91 and 86%) these were dominated by one of the sown species (red fescue Festuca rubra ). Peat dust plus heath mulch addition also produce d good cover (40%) of Calluna . Adding fertiliser did not assist in target heathl and plant species re-colonisation. On the untreated control plot, vascular plant cover re mained at zero.
Editorial: Artificial Intelligence Applications in Nuclear Energy

Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States, Department of Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States, Nuclear Energy and Fuel Cycle Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States, Nuclear Science and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, United States, Department of Nuclear Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
Research on Very Short-Term Nonparametric Probabilistic Prediction of Wind Power Based on Enhanced LSTM and Improved Bootstrap

It is reliable for high-precision wind power generation prediction method to provide reference for the scheduling and control of power systems. The unsteadiness and uncertainty of wind energy have adverse effects on the stable operation of power system. To quantify the uncertainty of wind power, this paper proposes a new probabilistic prediction method, based on enhanced long short-term memory (E-LSTM) and the improved Bootstrap. Firstly, a new wavelet threshold function is proposed to denoise wind power data. Secondly, a deterministic power prediction method is proposed, based on the self-adaptive inertia weights, learning factor and LSTM. Then, an improved Bootstrap method is proposed to expand the resampling range of the observation points, for the improved accuracy of the sample distribution. After that, a nonparametric probabilistic prediction model based on the proposed deterministic prediction is established. Finally, the proposed method is validated through multistep prediction intervals.
Effect of niclosamide on colorectal cancer induced by dimethylhydrazine in albino mice

ABSTRACT Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent cancer worldwide, and its incidence has increased in recent years. 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine (DMH) is a carcinogenic alkylating agent that causes tumors in various organs, particularly the distal colon. Niclosamide (Nic) disrupts oxidative phosphorylation and lowers ATP levels in tumor cells. This study aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of Nic against DMH-induced CRC in male albino mice through histopathological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical analyses. The study involved subcutaneous injections of DMH at a dose of 15 μg/g administered twice weekly for six weeks, alone or in combination with Nic injections of 20 mg/kg twice weekly for six weeks. The colorectal paraffin slides were subjected to histopathology and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) immunostaining, and colorectal homogenate samples were used to measure the lipid peroxidation products malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). The results indicated that Nic injections reduced collagen deposition and AIF staining intensity in paraffin slides and decreased MDA content and 8-OHdG levels in tissue homogenates.These findings suggest that Nic injections may have an anti-CRC effect.
Campylobacter in Africa – A specific viewpoint

Abstract Campylobacter infections and campylobacteriosis-associated post-infectious sequelae are a significant global health burden that needs to be addressed from a specific African perspective. We conducted a comprehensive literature search on NCBI PubMed to compile a comprehensive narrative review article on Campylobacter infections in Africa, focusing on key aspects in human and veterinary medicine as well as food hygiene. We specifically focused on the epidemiology of enteropathogenic Campylobacter spp. in sub-Saharan and North Africa considering antimicrobial susceptibility. The most significant sequela resulting from molecular mimicry to Campylobacter surface structures is the Guillain-Barré syndrome, which was mainly examined in the context of limited studies conducted in African populations. A dedicated subsection is allocated to the limited research on the veterinary medically important species Campylobacter fetus. There are significant differences in the composition of the gut microbiome, especially in rural areas, which affect the colonization with Campylobacter spp. and the manifestation of campylobacteriosis. There may be a problem of overdiagnosis due to asymptomatic colonization, particularly in the detection of Campylobacter using molecular biological techniques. To reduce the colonization and infection rate of Campylobacter, we propose implementing several control measures and urge further research to improve the current understanding of the peculiarities of campylobacteriosis in Africa.
UNIVERZITA KARLOVA V PRAZE PŘÍRODOVĚDECKÁ FAKULTA

Obesity is nowadays a major global health problem. Every year amount of obese (BMI > 30 kg . m) and overweight (BMI > 25 kg . m) people increases. Obesity is not just a cosmetic problem, but it leads to many serious he alt complications, particularly cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases etc. We can define obe sity as an excessive amount of body fat. The development of obesity is often influenced by energ y intake, which overrides the energy expenditure. Many studies are currently describe th e influence of various substances that could potentially act as antiobesity drugs. Peptide hormo nes, which are engaged in this work, can be divided to the long-term (leptin, insulin, ghrelin) and short-term (e.g. cholecystokinin, glucagon lik e peptide 1, peptide YY, CART peptides, melanocortin system, neuropeptide Y and melanin concentrating hormone) acting. Peptides can be also divided according to their effect on food intake to the anorexigenic and orexigenic. Anorexigenic pe ptid s reduce food intake, orexigenic do the reverse.