Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Debating Equity through Integration: School Officials’ Decision-Making and Community Advocacy During a School Rezoning in Williamsburg, Virginia

We explore puzzling outcomes in a Virginia school district: in 2018, the Williamsburg-James City County School Board voted to redraw attendance boundaries to achieve greater racial and socio-economic integration among its middle schools, yet abandoned similar efforts for high schools. Drawing on Critical Race perspectives, we conducted a content analysis of archival materials, including school board meeting transcripts, to analyze the conditions under which school decision-makers mobilize to enact equity-oriented policy reforms. We found that school board members abandoned high school rezoning in the face of fierce opposition from white, affluent residents who saw school reassignments as a threat to their entitlements to a highly rated school and to their property values. For the middle schools, board members avoided white families’ entitlements, which neutralized opposition, at the same time as strong community advocacy in favor of equity and integration shifted the political landscape. This activated ‘interest convergence’ among school board members supportive of equity and resulted in the approval of middle-school attendance boundaries that produced greater racial and socioeconomic integration. This case underscores the importance of community advocacy for equity-based reforms; however, the scope of these efforts may be limited to changes that do not substantively threaten white parents’ perceived entitlements.
Experience Gained in Teaching in an Introductory Plastics Engineering Technology Course

Teaching an introductory plastics engineering technology course can be very challenging because many students, for whom this may be a required course, have the preconceived notion that they will be bombarded with "chemistry," and not many students like chemistry, particularly, organic chemistry. So, over the years I have learned that it was not wise to start an introductory plastics course with a study of plastic materials and their chemistry. Rather, I would start the course with an overview of the plastics industry and then delve into plastics processing techniques because students seemed to enjoy learning how plastics are made into useful products. Processing techniques that were covered in this course include injection molding, extrusion, blow molding, thermoforming, rotational molding, and compression molding. Right after a mid-semester exam, about nine weeks into the semester, the author would start exploring plastics materials with the students using rudimentary organic chemistry. The course was completed by examining issues dealing with managing plastics wastes and sustainability. In recent years, the author has adopted the flipped classroom approach in delivering the course contents. This paper also examined the impact of this new teaching approach on students’ learning outcomes. Assessment of learning outcomes: Students’ learning outcomes were assessed with a survey instrument, students’ exam performance, and students’ course evaluations.
UVDAR System for Visual Relative Localization With Application to Leader–Follower Formations of Multirotor UAVs

A novel onboard relative localization method, based on ultraviolet light, used for real-time control of a leader–follower formation of multirotor UAVs, is presented in this paper. A new smart sensor, UVDAR, is employed in an innovative way, which does not require communication and is extremely reliable in real-world conditions. This innovative sensing system exploits UV spectrum and provides relative position and yaw measurements independently of environment conditions such as changing illumination and the presence of undesirable light sources and their reflections. The proposed approach exploits this retrieved information to steer the follower to a given three-dimensional position and orientation relative to the leader, which may be considered as the main building block of any multi-UAV system operating with small mutual distances among team members. The proposed solution was verified in demanding outdoor conditions, validating the usage of UVDAR in real flight scenario, and paving the way for further usage of UVDAR for practical multi-UAV formation deployments.
New Distributional Record of Coenagrionids (Odonata: Zygoptera: Coenagrionidae) from Himachal Pradesh, India

The family Coenagrionidae is most successful one in the whole suborder Zygoptera. Species of this family have very much identical venation but wider differences in their general appearances, although they have similar behaviour resting with their wings closely apposed over the dorsum of the thorax. The Odonata fauna of Himachal Pradesh has been studied briefly by Fraser (1933) followed by Bhasin (1953), Kumar (1978, 1982 and 2005), Prasad (1976), Kumar and Prasad (1981), Chandra (1983) and Mitra (2003). Based on the earlier workers, 14 species belonging to six genera of the family Coenagrionidae are recorded from the state of Himachal Pradesh. The present paper deals with the results of recent surveys yielded 10 species under 6 genera of the family Coenagrionidae are new records for the state of Himachal Pradesh, and increased the list to 24 species under 9 genera. Among nine genera, three genera namely Aciagrion Selys, Mortonagrion Fraser and Rhodischnura Laidlaw have been reported for the first time from the State. This present communication is intended to report the extended distribution of Coenagrionids in the Himachal Pradesh.
Beyond the K\"ahler cone

The moduli space of nonlinear $\sigma$-models on a Calabi--Yau manifold contains a complexification of the K\"ahler cone of the manifold. We describe a physically natural analytic continuation process which links the complexified K\"ahler cones of birationally equivalent Calabi--Yau manifolds. The enlarged moduli space includes a complexification of Kawamata's ``movable cone''. We formulate a natural conjecture about the action of the birational automorphism group on this cone. (Based in part on joint work with Paul Aspinwall and Brian Greene; submitted to the proceedings of ``Hirzebruch's 65th birthday workshop in algebraic geometry''.)
Magnetars: The strongest magnets in the Universe

Neutron stars provide a unique environment where we can test (at the same time) our understanding of matter with extreme density, temperature, and magnetic field. In particular, the properties of matter under the influence of magnetic fields and the role of electromagnetism in physical processes are key areas of research in physics. However, despite decades of research, our limited knowledge on the physics of strong magnetic fields is clear: we only need to note that the strongest steady magnetic field achieved in terrestrial laboratories is some millions Gauss, only thousands of times stronger than a common refrigerator magnet. In this general context, I will review here the state of the art of our research on the most magnetic objects in the Universe, a small sample of neutron stars called magnetars. The study of the strong high energy emission, and the flares from these strongly magnetised (∼1015 G) neutron stars is providing crucial information about the physics involved at these extremes conditions, resulting in many unexpected discoveries. (© 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
FACTORS AFFECTING ACCOUNTANCY GRADUATES’ READINESS FOR THE CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANT LICENSURE EXAMINATION

The demand for CPAs is no doubt very welcome news to the profession. Nevertheless, while this is happening, there is a wide gap between the number of graduates and the number of takers in the CPA board examination. The investigation aimed determined the factors affecting BSA graduates’ Readiness for CPA Licensure Examination. The 63 alumni respondents participated in the study on a snowball inspecting strategy in information gathering. Frequency and simple percentage, weighted mean, Chi-Square Test of Independence, and One-way ANOVA were used to treat and interpret the data. The examination revealed that administrative support, personal factors, and motivational factors have contributed greatly to the graduates' decision to take the board exam. It was also revealed that the knowledge, capabilities, and ways of thinking and acting of the graduates were affected greatly through the said factors. A significant relationship was identified between the factors in terms of financial aspects, academic performance, administrative support, personal factors, motivational factors, and the extent of contribution of these factors to the graduate's readiness for CPA licensure examination. The study concluded that several factors really affect the graduates’ decision to take the CPA licensures examination.
Lectures on Hilbert schemes of points on surfaces

Introduction Hilbert scheme of points Framed moduli space of torsion free sheaves on $\mathbb{P}^2$ Hyper-Kahler metric on $(\mathbb{C}^2)^{[n]}$ Resolution of simple singularities Poincare polynomials of the Hilbert schemes (1) Poincare polynomials of Hilbert schemes (2) Hilbert scheme on the cotangent bundle of a Riemann surface Homology group of the Hilbert schemes and the Heisenberg algebra Symmetric products of an embedded curve, symmetric functions and vertex operators Bibliography Index.
performance tracking faint traces. Journal of

on how good, or effective (1995) suggests that such judgements are inherently subjective because of the sparse evidence on the relative performance of different corporate governance systems. This study is how corporate governance maintains the firm performance and protects the shareholders interest and wealth of the organization. We empirically analyze the effect of different corporate governance systems on firm performance by examining a sample of industrial companies over four years period 2018-2021.
Allometric growth in the frontals of the Mongolian theropod dinosaur Tarbosaurus bataar

Allometric growth in the frontals of the Mongolian theropod dinosaur Tarbosaurus bataar . Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 67 (X): xxx–xxx. Tarbosaurus bataar is a sister taxon of the well-studied theropod dinosaur Tyrannosaurus rex , and numerous fossils of this tyrannosaurid have been discovered in the Upper Cretaceous Nemegt Formation of Mongolia. Although specimens of different sizes of Tarbosaurus bataar have been discovered since its initial description, few rigorous studies on its growth changes have been done. Here we examine growth changes in the frontal bones of seven Tarbosaurus bataar specimens using bivariate analyses and the Björk superimposition method to demonstrate trends in their ontogenetic allometry. The width and depth of the frontal undergoes positive allometry during growth, whereas the length shows a trend of negative allometry. The details of growth changes in Tarbosaurus bataar frontals are largely similar to those of Tyrannosaurus rex . Furthermore, generic allometric trends of tyrannosaurid frontals, including those of Tarbosaurus bataar , are shared with other large-bodied theropod clades and may represent a consequence of strengthening parts of the braincase as an anchor for the jaw musculature.
A brief introduction to cosmic topology

Whether we live in a spatially finite universe, and what its shape and size may be, are among the fundamental longstanding questions in cosmology. These questions of topological nature have become particularly topical, given the wealth of increasingly accurate astro‐cosmological observations, especially the recent observations of the cosmic microwave background radiation. An overview of the basic context of cosmic topology, the detectability constraints from recent observations, as well as the main methods for its detection and some recent results are presented.
The Evolution and Evolvability of Photosystem II.

Photosystem II is the water-oxidizing and O2-evolving enzyme of photosynthesis. How and when this remarkable enzyme arose are fundamental questions in the history of life that have remained difficult to answer. Here, recent advances in our understanding of the origin and evolution of photosystem II are reviewed and discussed in detail. The evolution of photosystem II indicates that water oxidation originated early in the history of life, long before the diversification of cyanobacteria and other major groups of prokaryotes, challenging and transforming current paradigms on the evolution of photosynthesis. We show that photosystem II has remained virtually unchanged for billions of years, and yet the nonstop duplication process of the D1 subunit of photosystem II, which controls photochemistry and catalysis, has enabled the enzyme to become adaptable to variable environmental conditions and even to innovate enzymatic functions beyond water oxidation. We suggest that this evolvability can be harnessed to develop novel light-powered enzymes with the capacity to carry out complex multistep oxidative transformations for sustainable biocatalysis. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Plant Biology, Volume 74 is May 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews. org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
The mRNA Expression of PTEN, LEF1, JAK3, LC3 and p62/SQSTM1 Genes in Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia.

INTRODUCTION Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a progressive myeloproliferative disorder that results from the formation of a chimeric BCR-ABL gene. The proteins derived from this gene can affect on some genes from various signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT/Wnt/catenin/JAK/Stat involved in proliferation, differentiation, cell death as well as genes related to autophagy. For CML patients, Imatinib is as the first-line treatment with durable and proper responses in Iranian children and adults CML patients. Hence, we aimed to evaluate the mRNA expression of some selected key genes from those pathways in patients with CML before and under treatment. METHODS In the case-control study, the mRNA expression of PTEN, LEF1, JAK3, LC3 and p62 genes were measured in 51 CML patients (6 patients before treatment and 45 patients under treatment with imatinib mesylate) and 40 healthy controls using the Real-time PCR method. RESULTS The mRNA expression of PTEN and P62 were significantly higher in newly diagnosed patients than controls (P<0.0001, and P=0.0183, respectively), while, the expression of LC3 gene was significantly lower in the untreated newly diagnosed group than control subjects (P=0.0191). Expression level of PTEN, LEF1, JAK3 and P62 genes were significantly decreased in patients under treatment than the group before treatment (P=0.0172, P= 0.0002, P=0.0047 and P=0.0038, respectively). A positive correlation was seen between the gene expression of P62 and BCR-ABL in the patients under treatment (r 0529, P=0.016). CONCLUSION Our findings showed that the changes in expression of these genes were related to the patient's treatment. Due to the key role of these genes in proliferation, differentiation and tumor suppression, it is proposed that perhaps these genes can be helpful for follow up of treatment in CML patients.
GLOBAL WATER SCARCITY DUE TO CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS CONSERVATION STRATEGIES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO INDIA : A REVIEW

The strategic importance of fresh water for global water and food security will probably intensify under climate change which worsen the situation as it leads to increased frequency and intensity of climatic extremes such as flood, drought, cyclone, heat/ cold waves, alteration in water cycle, water resources depletion, increased variability of precipitation, salt water intrusion in aquifers, increasing irrigation demand, decreasing soil moisture and rapid evaporation of surface water and many more. This review provides an insight about climate change and its impact on quantity and quality of water, water scarcity on a global scale with emphasis on Indian water resources, its availability and conservation strategies to mitigate water scarcity. Global warming resulting in climate change is expected to account for about 20% of the global increase in water scarcity. Global water consumption has increased six fold in last century and in coming decades is expected to grow rapidly. By 2025, 1.8 billion people will be living in countries or regions with absolute water scarcity, and two-thirds of the world's population could be living under water stressed conditions. African continent is the worst affected by the scarcity of water. The gross per capita water availability in India will decline from about 1820 m3 per year in 2001 to as low as about 1140 m3 per year in 2050. It is estimated that the country would need 1180 billion cubic meters (BCM) of water annually by 2050. So, there is an urgent need of sustainable utilization of water resources, formulation of climate adaption strategies, making the people and government aware about shrinking water resources as well as taking urgent action for conservation and harvesting of water at local, national and global scale.
SYMPOSIUM ON PAIN MEDICINE Alternative Splicing of G ProteineCoupled Receptors: Relevance to Pain Management

Drugs that target G proteinecoupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the primary treatment strategy for patients with acute and chronic pain; however, there is substantial individual variability in both the efficacy and adverse effects associated with these drugs. Variability in drug responses is due, in part, to individuals’ diversity in alternative splicing of pain-relevant GPCRs. G proteinecoupled receptor alternative splice variants often exhibit distinct tissue distribution patterns, drug-binding properties, and signaling characteristics that may impact disease pathology as well as the extent and direction of analgesic effects. We review the importance of GPCRs and their known splice variants to the management of pain. a 2015 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research n Mayo Clin Proc. 2015;90(8):1135-1151 P ain is a multidimensional sensory and emotional experience that generally can be categorized into one of 4 types. Nociceptive pain is an acute response to environmental stimuli that warns of potential or actual tissue damage. In the event of actual damage, inflammatory and/or neuropathic pain may occur. Inflammatory pain occurs in response to damage of tissues and infiltration of immune cells, while neuropathic pain occurs /10.1016/j.mayocp. 2015.06. 010 edical Education and Research 1135
Identity Confusion in WebView-based Mobile App-in-app Ecosystems

Mobile applications (apps) often delegate their own functions to other parties, which makes them become a super ecosystem hosting these parties. Therefore, such mobile apps are being called super-apps, and the delegated parties are subsequently called sub-apps, behaving like “app-in-app”. Sub-apps not only load (third-party) resources like a normal app, but also have access to the privileged APIs provided by the super-app. This leads to an important research question—determining who can access these privileged APIs. Real-world super-apps, according to our study, adopt three types of identities—namely web domains, sub-app IDs, and capabilities—to determine privileged API access. However, existing identity checks of these three types are often not well designed, leading to a disobey of the least privilege principle. That is, the granted recipient of a privileged API is broader than intended, thus defined as an “identity confusion” in this paper. To the best of our knowledge, no prior works have studied this type of identity confusion vulnerability. In this paper, we perform the first systematic study of identity confusion in real-world app-in-app ecosystems. We find that confusions of the aforementioned three types of identities are widespread among all 47 studied super-apps. More impor-tantly, such confusions lead to severe consequences such as manipulating users’ financial accounts and installing malware on a smartphone. We responsibly reported all of our findings to developers of affected super-apps, and helped them to fix their vulnerabilities.
Global climate-related predictors at kilometer resolution for the past and future

Abstract. A multitude of physical and biological processes on which ecosystems and human societies depend are governed by the climate, and understanding how these processes are altered by climate change is central to mitigation efforts. We developed a set of climate-related variables at as yet unprecedented spatiotemporal detail as a basis for environmental and ecological analyses. We downscaled time series of near-surface relative humidity (hurs) and cloud area fraction (clt) under the consideration of orography and wind as well as near-surface wind speed (sfcWind) using the delta-change method. Combining these grids with mechanistically downscaled information on temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation, we then calculated vapor pressure deficit (vpd), surface downwelling shortwave radiation (rsds), potential evapotranspiration (pet), the climate moisture index (cmi), and site water balance (swb) at a monthly temporal and 30 arcsec spatial resolution globally from 1980 until 2018 (time-series variables). At the same spatial resolution, we further estimated climatological normals of frost change frequency (fcf), snow cover days (scd), potential net primary productivity (npp), growing degree days (gdd), and growing season characteristics for the periods 1981–2010, 2011–2040, 2041–2070, and 2071–2100, considering three shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP126, SSP370, SSP585) and five Earth system models (projected variables). Time-series variables showed high accuracy when validated against observations from meteorological stations and when compared to alternative products. Projected variables were also highly correlated with observations, although some variables showed notable biases, e.g., snow cover days. Together, the CHELSA-BIOCLIM+ dataset presented here (https://doi.org/10.16904/envidat.332, Brun et al., 2022) allows improvement to our understanding of patterns and processes that are governed by climate, including the impact of recent and future climate changes on the world's ecosystems and the associated services on societies.
Parameter Models and Estimators in Soft Decision Source Decoding

The typical goals of transmission system design such as high capacity, but also high signal quality and robustness usually contradict each other. Thanks to Shannon’s landmark contribution to information theory [Shannon 1948] one can treat the issues of bit rate reduction (source coding) and error protection (channel coding) separately. This however in principle presumes unlimited computational power and delay. In realtime conversational and streaming services for speech, audio, and video transmission in particular these assumptions are of course not met. To guarantee a limited delay and to achieve a certain level of robustness, frame-based transmission is employed, which limits the ability to remove interframe correlations. In virtually all source coders, this fact is practically observed in terms of residual redundancy in the bit stream.