Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Endobronchial Ultrasonography with a Guide Sheath Transbronchial Biopsy for Diagnosing Peripheral Pulmonary Lesions within or near Fibrotic Lesions in Patients with Interstitial Lung Disease

Simple Summary Lung cancer often occurs around fibrotic lesions in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD). In patients with ILD, several methods are available for diagnosing peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs), such as bronchoscopy with radial endobronchial ultrasound (R-EBUS), transthoracic needle biopsy, and surgical lung biopsy. As well as previous reports, in patients with ILD, bronchoscopy with R-EBUS might be an option as the primary procedure for diagnosing PPLs with fewer complications. However, the utility and safety of bronchoscopy with R-EBUS for PPLs in patients with ILD remain unknown. In this study, we assessed the efficacy and complications as the initial diagnostic procedure of bronchoscopy with R-EBUS according to the proximity of PPLs to fibrotic lesions. Our study might make a contribution to physicians who treat PPLs in patients with underlying ILD. Abstract In patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD), the most frequent locations of lung cancer are within or near fibrotic lesions. However, the diagnostic yield for peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs) within or near fibrotic lesions using endobronchial ultrasonography with a guide sheath transbronchial biopsy (EBUS-GS TBB) may be unsatisfactory compared to that for PPLs distant from fibrotic lesions because of the difficulty in reaching the lesions. Our objectives were to evaluate the yield for PPLs using EBUS-GS TBB according to the proximity of PPLs to fibrotic lesions and to determine factors affecting the yield for PPLs. We retrospectively investigated 323 consecutive lesions using EBUS-GS TBB between 1 November 2014 and 31 December 2016. We identified PPLs with ILD in such lesions. PPLs with ILD were divided into PPLs within or near fibrotic lesions which met the criterion of PPLs, and of fibrotic lesions overlapping each other (PPLs-FL) and those distant from fibrotic lesions, which met the criterion of PPLs and the area of fibrotic lesion not overlapping each other (PPLs-NFL). Of the 323 lesions, 55 were included (31 PPLs-FL and 24 PPLs-NFL). The diagnostic yield for PPLs-FL was significantly lower than for PPLs-NFL (45.2% vs. 83.3%, p = 0.004). Multivariate analysis revealed that PPLs-NFL (odds ratio (OR) = 7.509) and a probe position within the lesion (OR = 4.172) were significant factors affecting diagnostic yield. Lesion’s positional relation to fibrotic lesions and the probe position were important factors affecting the successful diagnosis via EBUS-GS TBB in these patients.
Is there difference and correlation between medial and lateral tibial plateau coronal obliquity in native knee? A radiographic study

Background/Purpose Knee joint line is commonly defined as a tangent to medial and lateral tibial plateaus in various radiographic measurements. We aim to investigate radiographic differences between medial and lateral knee joint line coronal obliquity. It has significant implication on radiographic analysis following unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. Methods We analysed the knee radiographs of 48 young patients (mean age 25.1 + /-5.6 years) with 50 anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knees. Medial and lateral tibial plateau coronal obliquity were defined as angles between femoral knee joint line and the tangent to articular surface of each tibial plateau. Mediolateral differences and linear correlation were analysed. Results Significant difference was found between medial (mean = -1.5, SD = 2.4 degrees) and lateral obliquity (mean = + 0.6, SD = 3.0 degrees) (p < 0.001). The mean mediolateral difference was 3.1 degrees (SD = 2.8, range 0–11.8 degrees), without significant correlation (r = 0.085, p = 0.56). Conclusion Mediolateral differences exist in knee joint line obliquity. Each compartment should be considered separately when measuring knee joint line obliquity.
Traffic Forecasting via Dilated Temporal Convolution With Peak-Sensitive Loss

Deep learning-based traffic forecasting methods can capture intricate spatiotemporal features in traffic data and environmental factors. However, they have unsatisfactory performance around the minority peaks and are inefficient for modeling wide-range spatial correlations. This article gives a peak-aware deep learning architecture for traffic forecasting by involving a cost-sensitive loss function called peak-sensitive loss. This method can improve the performance since different costs are employed on the prevalent metrics such as mean-square loss and square of mean absolute percentage loss. A spatiotemporal convolutional architecture based on a dilated convolutional network (DCN) and a temporal convolutional network (TCN) is constructed that models the spatial features (both wide and short range) by the DCN and learns the time characteristics by the TCN. The effectiveness of the model is demonstrated with real-world data sets.
Sticking effect on center-anchored circular plates in microstructures

In wet etching and cleaning processes of surface micromachining fabrications, a circular plate may adhere to its underlying substrate due to the capillary force of liquid. This paper studied the sticking effect between a center-anchored circular plate and its underlying substrate. Using the balance of capillary and elastic forces, we derived a critical gap for adhesion in terms of the parameters: gap between the plate and substrate, anchor radius, and outer radius of plate. This critical gap can be used to judge the potential sticking effect between the plate and substrate. Applying energy method, we derived another critical gap of adhesion, which determines the condition for releasing the circular plate from the underlying substrate by elastic force. Based on the two critical gaps, the sticking effect due to the plate thickness, surface tension of liquid, and two material properties: Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio is also discussed.
How AI application in pharmaceutical industries is beneficial to materials science

Artificial intelligence (AI) will develop further in the area of material technology similar to how it has advanced in the pharmaceutical industry. In this article, we explain how AI is applied in the pharmaceutical industry and in the materials science. First, we show AI trends in data analysis for different areas of the pharmaceutical industry. Second, we explain how new machine learning (ML) platforms (automated machine learning (AutoML) 3 3 ‘Even experts are often left with tedious episodes of trial and error until they identify a good set of choices for a particular dataset. The field of automated machine learning (AutoML) aims to make these decisions in a data-driven, objective, and automated way: the user simply provides data, and the AutoML system automatically determines the approach that performs best for this particular application’ (Olson et al 2016). ) in particular benefit this type of data analysis by describing supervised ML. If the target value is available to define, it is feasible to execute supervised ML to solve the problem. In this case, implementing an AutoML process is a simple solution to look for insights. Third, we provide and discuss an example of a new approach: output from analysis done using unsupervised ML, such as topological data analysis. Finally, we explain that these successful examples of AI applications in the pharmaceutical industry provide a potential roadmap of how they may be applied to the science of materials informatics. Adding new data to current data is almost always required. Achievements are observed in the area of life science because many databases are consolidated into one database. Thus, creating new data with appropriate definitions and expanding the amount of applicable data will help materials informatics evolve into a field with both higher quality and more robust analyses in the future. ‘Even experts are often left with tedious episodes of trial and error until they identify a good set of choices for a particular dataset. The field of automated machine learning (AutoML) aims to make these decisions in a data-driven, objective, and automated way: the user simply provides data, and the AutoML system automatically determines the approach that performs best for this particular application’ (Olson et al 2016).
Education in the times of Pandemic; A Retrospective Review

Although it seems as if social distancing is a new concept, the CDC previously issued similar guidelines for more typical flu prevention. Similarly, in 2007, guidelines were implemented to limit the transmission of swine flu in schools. As early as 1908, guidelines were proposed that included “segregation” of those with infectious Tuberculosis. Research exists about the pandemic impacts and the reactionary approaches adopted and implemented by schools and higher education globally, especially the countries that have experienced a pandemic in the last few decades, such as Ebola and SARS. For example, significant improvements have occurred since the 1918 Flu pandemic, especially within the realms of technology, such as the transition to electronic textbooks. When considering how universities might respond to a pandemic regarding educating the students enrolled included but not limited to increases in class sizes, alternative delivery methods have been considered. A corollary to offset the impact of the pandemic would be closing the universities (historically observed). However, limited existing research provides insight into changes in course delivery, adoption/implementation of technological advancements, lessons learned from the countries impacted, and adoption and implementation of measures to smoothen the transition with the sudden pandemic outbreak. Engineering education must be at the forefront of technological improvements in education. The study utilized a content analysis methodology to review existing research on pandemics and their effect on education globally. A variety of information exists from outside the United States, where government-level responses were required. The content analysis results and were overlapped to determine changes to curriculums based on the need for alternative course delivery. A comparison is made of previous teaching and learning methods versus those collected via survey during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Minimum copper and core losses power inductor design

A design procedure which allows for assembling power inductors with minimum overall power loss is given in this paper. The inductor design is carried out by using an iterative procedure where the operating flux density is increased from zero to the saturation value. For any given value of the flux density the winding resulting in the lower AC resistance is determined. Both solid round wire and Litz wire windings are considered. The significance of the paper is that the design procedure allows for the combination of the flux density and winding which result in the lower power loss operation is determined. Therefore, inductors designed by following this procedure result in a high efficiency and minimum temperature rise.
RoboCupRescue - Robot League Team Sepanta (IRAN)

In this paper the main features of the Sepanta Rescue Robot (KAVOSH) is described. Main ideas, plans and implementations will be addressed briefly, including sensory systems, control diagram, navigation and localization methods, manual map generation approach, robot locomotion and mechani- cal properties, overall control idea and our victim identification methods. The robot sensors set is very good for working in a disastrous site and its mechanical platform has a very good capability to negoti- ate through very rough surfaces. In this team description we tried to clarify our capabilities, ideas, plans and interests in rescue robot design and implementation.
A novel via‐free composite right‐ and left‐handed transmission line using defected ground structure

In this letter, a novel via‐free composite right‐ and left‐handed transmission line (CRLH TL) is proposed using defected ground structure (DGS). The required shunt inductance and series capacitance for left‐handed transmission line are provided by the mender‐line of DGS and inter‐digital gap in signal line, respectively. The dispersion relations are analyzed using the derived equivalent circuit and Bloch‐Floquet theory. The measured results of dispersion curves of CRLH TLs have good agreements with those of simulation and theory. A proposed via‐free CRLH TL has broad LH bandwidth of 88.7% below 1 GHz. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1989–1993, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22624
Co-Evolution of Breast Milk Lipid Signaling and Thermogenic Adipose Tissue

Breastfeeding is a unique and defining behavior of mammals and has a fundamental role in nourishing offspring by supplying a lipid-rich product that is utilized to generate heat and metabolic fuel. Heat generation from lipids is a feature of newborn mammals and is mediated by the uncoupling of mitochondrial respiration in specific fat depots. Breastfeeding and thermogenic adipose tissue have a shared evolutionary history: both have evolved in the course of homeothermy evolution; breastfeeding mammals are termed “thermolipials”, meaning “animals with warm fat”. Beyond its heat-producing capacity, thermogenic adipose tissue is also necessary for proper lipid metabolism and determines adiposity in offspring. Recent advances have demonstrated that lipid metabolism in infants is orchestrated by breast milk lipid signals, which establish mother-to-child signaling and control metabolic development in the infant. Breastfeeding rates are declining worldwide, and are paralleled by an alarming increase in childhood obesity, which at least in part may have its roots in the impaired metabolic control by breast milk lipid signals.
From Essex to Cyberspace: Virtual Organisational Reality and Real Organisational Virtuality

Abstract In this article we argue that current fascination with and enthusiasms for concepts such as virtual working, the virtual organisation and cyber-business, as well as their current practical realisation in internet-based e-commerce, dot.com enterprises, runs the strong risk of repeating past errors in our understanding of the relationship between technology and organisation. In drawing on the classic work of Joan Woodward and the concept of mechanical control, we illustrate how a misinterpretation of this study and a misunderstanding of technology is leading to inappropriate assumptions in the design of systems and organisations. The article concludes by drawing attention to the need to move beyond single conceptions of the ideal user or workplace and incorporate multiple viewpoints that facilitate the creative and innovative use of computer-mediated communication.
Routine Highway Bridge Inspection Condition Documentation Accuracy and Reliability

Routine inspection is the most common form of highway bridge inspection to satisfy the requirements of the National Bridge Inspection Standards. The accuracy and reliability of documentation generated during these inspections are critical to the allocation of Department of Transportation construction, maintenance, and rehabilitation resources. Routine inspections are typically completed using only the visual inspection technique and rely heavily on subjective assessments made by bridge inspectors. In light of this, and given the fact that visual inspection may have other limitations that influence its reliability, the Federal Highway Administration initiated an investigation to examine the reliability of visual inspection as it is currently applied to bridges in the United States. This paper will summarize results from this study related to the accuracy and reliability of routine inspection documentation. A number of important conclusions were developed from the experimental study. Generally, it was found.
Modeling Pulmonary Cystic Fibrosis in a Human Lung Airway-on-a-chip

Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), which results in impaired airway mucociliary clearance, inflammation, infection, and respiratory insufficiency. The development of new therapeutics for CF are limited by the lack of reliable preclinical models that recapitulate the structural, immunological, and bioelectrical features of human CF lungs. Methods: We leveraged organ-on-a-chip technology to develop a microfluidic device lined by primary human CF bronchial epithelial cells grown under an air-liquid interface and interfaced with pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (CF Airway Chip) exposed to fluid flow. The responses of CF and healthy Airway Chips were analyzed in the presence or absence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and the bacterial pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results: The CF Airway Chip faithfully recapitulated many features of the human CF airways, including enhanced mucus production, increased cilia density and a higher ciliary beating frequency compared to chips lined by healthy bronchial epithelial cells. The CF chips also secreted higher levels of IL-8, which was accompanied by enhanced PMN adhesion to the endothelium and transmigration into the airway compartment. In addition, CF Airway Chips provided a more favorable environment for Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth, which resulted in enhanced secretion of inflammatory cytokines and recruitment of PMNs to the airway. Conclusions: The human CF Airway Chip may provide a valuable preclinical tool for pathophysiology studies as well as for drug testing and personalized medicine.
ROBUST SYNTHESIS OF STATIC OUTPUT FEEDBACK CONTROLLER FOR MARS ENTRY

Abstract This paper addresses the 6 degrees-of-freedom (DOF) control of a Mars Lander Module (LM) during its aerodynamic entry phase. It focuses on the robust synthesis of a static output feedback for the attitude dynamics. It presents a systematic way to design the controller using a robust modal control technique: the feedback gain tuning. The robustness is obtained by constraining pole placement over three models selected to represent the different flying conditions. Monte-Carlo simulations are performed to demonstrate the robust performance of the controller. The simulator includes realistic model of the atmosphere (European Mars Climate Database) and Mars gravity (J2).
DPI Technology from the standpoint of Internet governance studies: An introduction

A study of whether and how DPI technology disrupts Internet governance must have a workable definition of what DPI technology is. This is not as easy as it may sound. Most of the things we call 'a technology' are actually complex systems that combine many different techniques and materials, some new, some old. Writers in Actor-Network Theory (ANT) have called attention to 'punctuation,' the process by which the heterogeneous components of a technological system come to be seen as a single 'thing' (Law 1992). Somewhat confusingly, ANT theorists call these 'things' networks; they go on to make the ambitious metaphysical claim that social agency is " an effect produced by a patterned network of heterogeneous materials. " (Ibid) When the network performs as intended, the heterogeneous materials meld into a single actor and its constituent parts become invisible to the casual observer (Brey 2005). Something like that has happened to DPI, at least discursively. DPI has many features of Internet technologies that have been around for a long time, such as firewalls and packet capture or packet sniffing techniques. Yet the combination of these elements into a scalable, widely implemented set of practices is generally seen by industry, technologists and policy critics as a new technology or capability In this essay, we attempt to define and circumscribe DPI in a way that lays the groundwork for analyzing its impact on Internet governance. The discussion is based on reviews of the computer science literature, vendor White Papers and interviews with 15 leading DPI vendors. The paper begins by isolating and describing the generic enabling capabilities of DPI technology. The next section lists and briefly describes the major applications (use cases) that have been developed from those capabilities. The final section assesses the prospects for convergence of those use cases into an integrated network surveillance and control technology. One aspect of the definition of DPI is unequivocal and fundamental. DPI pertains to information in motion, not information at rest. There are several applications that scan and detect digital content stored on servers or computers. 1 These may rely on technical methods or scientific principles similar to those used by DPI applications. But we have chosen to reserve the label 'DPI' for applications that detect and 1 E.g., Google's Content ID, which generates a fingerprint of sound and video files that copyright holders have submitted to Google, and compares all fingerprints to the …
Beach nourishment and coastal protection along the Gold Coast, Australia: a case study at Palm Beach

Effectively managing coastal beaches in areas exposed to high wave climate variability requires an appraisal of all the stakeholder interests and consideration of the above into a decision making framework. The popularity of the Gold Coast beaches as a national and international tourist destination as well as the increasing residential population ensures that the care of beaches maintains a high priority for the local government. Lessons learned from past management strategies are reviewed and a new methodology for assessment of beach condition is presented here which integrates the primary descriptors of beach health for the Gold Coast region of Australia's East Coast.
A Historical Analysis of U.S. Air Force Tactical Aircrew Error in Operations DESERT SHIELD/STORM.

Abstract : This thesis identifies and analyzes tactical aircrew error in the Gulf War and determines various mission effectiveness implications of the errors. From analysis of critical incidents collected from over 400 aircrew members, the study identifies error types, and categorizes them as frequent, common, or infrequent errors. Additionally, the study identifies the percentage of errors associated with the three aspects of mission effectiveness, namely, impact on the combat mission, safety implications, and training implications. The analysis identifies twenty-seven distinct error types. Frequent errors are defined as occurring in over 25 percent of the incidents. They include: (1) Decision making errors, (2) situational awareness errors, (3) procedural errors, and (4) crew coordination errors, in that order of frequency of occurrence. Common errors occurred in greater than 10 percent of the incidents and include: (1) communications errors, (2) pressing too far, (3) regulatory deviation, (4) flight lead errors, and (5) weather related errors. Fifty-two percent of the errors had safety implications, 24 percent had training implications, and 13.6 percent impacted on the mission. Nine and one-half percent could not be reliably classified into any of the three areas.