Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ON THE DEFINING NUMBER OF (2n 2)-VERTEX COLORINGS OF Kn ◊ Kn

In a given graph G = (V,E), a set of vertices S with an assignment of colors to them is said to be a defining set of the vertex coloring of G, if there exists a unique extension of the colors of S to a c (G) coloring of the vertices of G. A defining set with minimum cardinality is called a minimum defining set and its cardinality is the defining number, denoted by d(G,c). In this note we study d(G = Kn◊Kn,2n 2). We determine an upper bound for d(G = Kn ◊Kn,2n 2) for all n and its exact value for some n.
A New Radio-X-Ray Probe of Galaxy Cluster Magnetic Fields

Results are presented of a new VLA-ROSAT study that probes the magnetic field strength and distribution over a sample of 16 "normal" low-redshift (z ≤ 0.1) galaxy clusters. The clusters span 2 orders of magnitude in X-ray luminosity and were selected to be free of (unusual) strong radio cluster halos and widespread cooling flows. Consistent with these criteria, most clusters show a relaxed X-ray morphology and little or no evidence of recent merger activity. Analysis of the rotation measure (RM) data shows cluster-generated Faraday RM excess out to ~0.5 h Mpc from cluster centers. The results, combined with RM imaging of cluster-embedded sources and ROSAT X-ray profiles, indicate that the hot intergalactic gas within these "normal" clusters is permeated with a high filling factor by magnetic fields at levels of icm = 5-10(ℓ/10 kpc)-1/2 h μG, where ℓ is the field correlation length. These results lead to a global estimate of the total magnetic energy in clusters and give new insight into the ultimate energy origin, which is likely gravitational. These results also shed some light on the cluster evolutionary conditions that existed at the onset of cooling flows.
High-field transport and velocity saturation in graphene

High-field transport in graphene is studied by the Monte Carlo simulation. The results indicate velocity and current saturation in agreement with a recent experiment [I. Meric, M. Y. Han, A. F. Young, B. Oezyilmaz, P. Kim, and K. Shepard, Nat. Nanotechnol. 3, 654 (2008)]. The saturation current scales as the square root of the charge density, or equivalently, the square root of the gate overdrive voltage, which is qualitatively different from silicon field-effect transistors. By analytical fitting to the numerical simulation results, a simple expression of the field-dependent mobility is obtained at different strengths of charged impurity scattering.
Modeling of Biological Activity of PEO-Coated Titanium Implants with Conjugates of Cyclic RGD Peptide with Amino Acid Bisphosphonates

Titanium is considered to be the most essential metal in the field of implantology. The main factors determining metal biocompatibility, among others, include the morphology and chemical composition of the titanium surface. Therefore, the aim of this work was to develop approaches to control the biological activity of the titanium surface by creating coatings that combine both an inorganic phase with a given morphology and organic molecules containing an integrin-selective peptide that regulate cell adhesion and proliferation. As such, we synthesized new c(RGDfC) derivatives of amino acid bisphosphonates (four examples) with different bisphosphonate anchors and maleimide linkers. These molecules were deposited on a highly developed porous surface obtained via the plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) of coarse-grained and nanostructured titanium. In vitro studies demonstrated the increase in the viability degree of mesenchymal stem cells and fibroblasts on the surface of coarse-grained or nanostructured titanium modified with PEO and a c(RGDfC) derivative of ε-aminocaproic acid bisphophonate with an SMCC linker. As a result, the use of conjugates of amino acid bisphosphonates with a cyclic RGD peptide for the modification of PEO-coated titanium opens the ways for the effective control of the biological activity of the metal implant surface.
Monodromy and chaos for condensed bosons in optical lattices

We introduce a theory for the stability of a condensate in an optical lattice. We show that the understanding of the stability-to-ergodicity transition involves the fusion of monodromy and chaos theory. Specifically, the condensate can decay if a connected chaotic pathway to depletion is formed, which requires swap of seperatrices in phase-space.
“And then I came out…”: A thematic analysis of gay men’s recalled memories of coming out and its impact on their mental health and well-being

Abstract Background Coming out to parents can have beneficial long-term mental health outcomes for gay men. Though studies have explored the phenomenon of coming out, there are limited qualitative insights regarding the emotions that gay men experienced after disclosing their sexual orientation. Methods Nineteen interviews with Black/African American, Hispanic/Latino American, and White/Caucasian American self-identified and out gay men, ages 19–30, were analyzed using the iterative process associated with inductive qualitative thematic analysis. Results Data showed that parental willingness to engage in conversations about their son’s sexual identity helped sixteen participants to (i) have a release from heteronormative expectations, (ii) have renewed self-confidence, (iii) be unapologetically themselves, and (iv) engage in critical normalization of sexual identity conversations. Interestingly though, for three participants, these conversations had no overall impact on their mental health. Conclusions For the majority, coming out helped to create a positive shift in overall mental health—more specifically the conversations helped improve their self-esteem; as once their parents knew of their sexuality, they no longer cared about social pressures to conform. Accordingly, they began publicly building social support and friendship networks. For a few, coming out was viewed as a formality and had no lasting impact on their overall mental health. Study findings underscored both the benefits and importance of open communications between parents and their gay sons.
Breakthrough Listen Observations of 1I/′Oumuamua with the GBT

We have conducted a search for radio emission consistent with an artificial source targeting 1I/'Oumuamua with the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope (GBT) between 1.1 and 11.6 GHz. We searched the data for narrowband signals and found none. Given the close proximity to this interstellar object, we can place limits to putative transmitters with extremely low power (0.08 W).
Explicit Inverse Confluent Vandermonde Matrices with Applications to Exponential Quantum Operators

The Cayley-Hamilton problem of expressing functions of matrices in terms of only their eigenvalues is well-known to simplify to finding the inverse of the confluent Vandermonde matrix. Here, we give a highly compact formula for the inverse of any matrix, and apply it to the confluent Vandermonde matrix, achieving in a single equation what has only been achieved by long iterative algorithms until now. As a prime application, we use this result to get a simple formula for explicit exponential operators in terms of only their eigenvalues, with an emphasis on application to finite discrete quantum systems with time dependence. This powerful result permits explicit solutions to all Schrodinger and von Neumann equations for time-commuting Hamiltonians, and explicit solutions to any degree of approximation in the non-time-commuting case. The same methods can be extended to general finite discrete open systems to get explicit quantum operations for time evolution using effective joint systems, and the exact solution of all finite discrete Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff formulas.
Dynamical quantum anomalous Hall effect in strong optical fields

Topological insulators (TIs) are characterized by the quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) on the topological surface states under time-reversal symmetry breaking. Motivated by recent experiments on the magneto-optical effects induced by the QAHE, we develop a theory for the dynamical Hall conductivity for subgap optical frequency and intense optical fields using the Keldysh-Floquet Green's function formalism. Our theory reveals a nonlinear regime in which the Hall conductivity remains close to $e^2/2h$ at low frequencies. At higher optical fields, we find that the subsequent collapse of the half quantization is accompanied by coherent oscillations of the dynamical Hall conductivity as a function of field strength, triggered by the formation of Floquet subbands and the concomitant inter-subband transitions.
Reactor Measurement of $\theta_{13}$ and Its Complementarity to Long-Baseline Experiments

A possibility to measure sin 2 2 θ 13 using reactor neutrinos is examined in detail. It is shown that the sensitivity sin 2 2 θ 13 > 0 . 02 can be reached with 40 ton-year data by placing identical CHOOZ-like detectors at near and far distances from a giant nuclear power plant whose total thermal energy is 24.3 GW th . It is emphasized that this measurement is free from the parameter degeneracies which occur in accelerator appearance experiments, and therefore the reactor measurement plays a role complementary to accelerator experiments. It is also shown that the reactor measurement may be able to resolve the degeneracy in θ 23 if sin 2 2 θ 13 and cos 2 2 θ 23 are relatively large.
O-GlycNacylation Remission Retards the Progression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic disease spectrum associated with insulin resistance (IR), from non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). O-GlcNAcylation is a posttranslational modification, regulated by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA). Abnormal O-GlcNAcylation plays a key role in IR, fat deposition, inflammatory injury, fibrosis, and tumorigenesis. However, the specific mechanisms and clinical treatments of O-GlcNAcylation and NAFLD are yet to be elucidated. The modification contributes to understanding the pathogenesis and development of NAFLD, thus clarifying the protective effect of O-GlcNAcylation inhibition on liver injury. In this review, the crucial role of O-GlcNAcylation in NAFLD (from NAFL to HCC) is discussed, and the effect of therapeutics on O-GlcNAcylation and its potential mechanisms on NAFLD have been highlighted. These inferences present novel insights into the pathogenesis and treatments of NAFLD.
Differential Cryptanalysis of DES-like Cryptosystems 1

The Data Encryption Standard (DES) is the best known and most widely used cryptosystem for civilian applications. It was developed at IBM and adopted by the National Bureau of Standards in the mid 1970s, and has successfully withstood all the attacks published so far in the open literature. In this paper we develop a new type of cryptanalytic attack which can break the reduced variant of DES with eight rounds in a few minutes on a personal computer and can break any reduced variant of DES (with up to 15 rounds) using less than 2 s6 operations and chosen plaintexts. The new attack can be applied to a variety of DES-like substitution/permutation cryptosystems, and demonstrates the crucial role of the (unpublished) design rules.
Propagation of generalized Pauli errors in qudit Clifford circuits

It is important for performance studies in quantum technologies to analyze quantum circuits in the presence of noise. We introduce an error probability tensor, a tool to track generalized Pauli error statistics of qudits within quantum circuits composed of qudit Clifford gates. Our framework is compatible with qudit stabilizer quantum error-correcting codes. We show how the error probability tensor can be applied in the most general case, and we demonstrate an error analysis of bipartite qudit repeaters with quantum error correction. We provide an exact analytical solution of the error statistics of the state distributed by such a repeater. For a fixed number of degrees of freedom, we observe that higher dimensional qudits can outperform qubits in terms of distributed entanglement.
The Origin of Emission and Absorption Features in Ton S180 Chandra Observations

We present a new interpretation of the Ton S180 spectrum obtained by the Chandra Spectrometer (Low Energy Transmission Grating). Several narrow absorption lines and a few emission disk lines have been successfully fitted to the data. We have not found any significant edges accompanying line emission. We propose an interpretation of narrow lines consistent with that of the recent paper by Krolik, in which a warm absorber is strongly inhomogeneous. Such a situation is possible in the so-called multiphase medium, where regions with different ionization states, densities, and temperatures may coexist in thermal equilibrium under constant pressure. We illustrate this scenario with theoretical spectra of radiation transferred through a stratified cloud with constant pressure (instead of constant density) computed by the TITAN code in plane-parallel approximation. Detected spectral features are faint, and their presence does not alter the broadband continuum. We model the broadband continuum of Ton S180 assuming an irradiated accretion disk with a dissipative warm skin. The set of parameters appropriate for the data cannot be determined uniquely, but models with low values of the black hole mass have too hot and radially extended a warm skin to explain the formation of soft X-ray disk lines seen in the data.
Scale factor — Cosmic time relation and occurrences of future cosmic singularities with different redshift parametrizations of dark energy EoS-s

While modeling our late time cosmically accelerated universe, it is popular to involve different dark energy (DE) models, the equation of state (EoS) of which can be taken as a function of the redshift and some unknown parameters. Barboza and Alcaniz have proposed one such kind of DE EoS model. We use some new parametrizations like Feng, Shen, Li, Li I and II and Polynomial parametrizations to get more accurate concepts about the fate of our expanding universe. We try to find how the hypothesis of the fate of our universe behaves in the above background of DE models. Possibilities of occurrences of future cosmic singularities are studied.
A search for cyclical sources of γ-ray emission on the period range from days to years in the Fermi-LAT sky

A systematic search for cyclical sources of gamma-ray emission on the period range from days to years in the Fermi-LAT sky is performed. Looking for cyclical emission, the sky is binned into equal-area pixels and the generalised Lomb-Scargle periodogram is computed for each of these pixels. The search on the period range between 2.5 and 30 days in the Galactic plane confirms periodicities of three binaries, LSI +61 303, LS 5039, and 1FGL J1018.6-5856. The all-sky search on the period range between 30 days and 2.5 years confirms periodicities of three blazars, PG 1553+113, PKS 2155-304, and BL Lacertae. Evidence for periodic behaviours of four blazars, 4C +01.28, S5 0716+71, PKS 0805-07, and PKS 2052-47, are presented. Three of these blazars, 4C +01.28, PKS 0805-07, and PKS 2052-47, are located at high redshifts. These three sources are potential candidates to binary systems of supermassive black holes provided that major galaxy mergers are more frequent and that galaxies are more gas-rich at high redshifts.
The Canada-United Kingdom Deep Submillimeter Survey. II. First Identifications, Redshifts, and Implications for Galaxy Evolution

Identifications are sought for 12 submillimeter sources detected in a deep submillimeter survey. Six are securely identified, two have probable identifications, and four remain unidentified with IAB > 25. Spectroscopic and estimated photometric redshifts indicate that four of the sources have z < 1 and four have 1 < z < 3, with the remaining four empty-field sources probably lying at z > 3. The spectral energy distributions of the identifications, as defined by measurements or upper limits to the flux densities at 8000 Å, at 15, 450, 850 μm, and at 6 cm, are consistent with the spectral energy distributions of high-extinction starbursts such as Arp 220. The far-IR luminosities of the sources at z > 0.5 are of order 3 × 1012 h-250 L☉, i.e., slightly larger than that of Arp 220. As with local ultraluminous infrared galaxies, the optical luminosities of the identified galaxies are comparable to present-day L*, and the optical morphologies of many of the galaxies show evidence for mergers or highly disruptive interactions. Based on this small sample, the cumulative bolometric luminosity function shows strong evolution to z~1, but weaker or possibly even negative evolution beyond. The redshift dependence of the far-IR luminosity density does not appear, at this early stage, to be inconsistent with that seen in the ultraviolet luminosity density. Although the computation of bolometric luminosities is quite uncertain, the population of very luminous galaxies that is detected in the surveys at z > 1 is already matching, in the far-IR, the bolometric output in the ultraviolet of the whole optically selected population. Assuming that the energy source in the far-IR is massive stars, this suggests that the total luminous output from star formation in the universe will be dominated by the far-IR emission once the lower luminosity sources, below the current far-IR detection threshold, are included. Furthermore, the detected systems have individual star formation rates (exceeding 300 h-250 M☉ yr-1) that are much higher than seen in the ultraviolet-selected samples and that are sufficient to form substantial stellar populations on dynamical timescales of 108 yr. The association with mergerlike morphologies and the obvious presence of dust makes it attractive to identify these systems as forming the metal-rich spheroid population, in which case we would infer that much of this activity has occurred relatively recently, at z~2.
Livestock exclusion enhances shrub encroachment in an alpine meadow on the eastern Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau

The Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau alpine grassland is experiencing shrub encroachment, which threatens the livelihoods of local nomads. Livestock exclusion management policies have also been implemented in this grassland. It has been predicted that shrubs here will likely encroach after long‐term yak elimination, but this inference is not supported by a manipulation experiment. To determine how shrubs respond to livestock grazing cessation, we investigated Potentilla fruticose L. characteristics and properties of herbs and soil in a ‘livestock exclusion‐free grazing’ system with exclosure experiments of 9, 17, and 23 years in the northeast region of the Plateau. We showed that each characteristic of shrub growth and reproduction was significantly greater in exclosures than in control plots, and shrub properties enhancements by livestock exclusion increased over time. We further found that this livestock exclusion induced‐shrub encroachment was related not only to the exclusion of livestock's direct disturbances but also to the competitive advantage gain of shrubs through plant–plant interactions and improvement of resources in deep soil for shrubs. Given the negative influences of shrub encroachment, especially lowering rangeland quality, livestock exclusion management in alpine grasslands should be used with caution.
Fusion of laser diffraction and chord length distribution data for estimation of particle size distribution using multi-objective optimisation.

The in situ measurement of the particle size distribution (PSD) of a suspension of particles presents huge challenges. Various effects from the process could introduce noise to the data from which the PSD is estimated. This in turn could lead to the occurrence of artificial peaks in the estimated PSD. Limitations in the models used in the PSD estimation could also lead to the occurrence of these artificial peaks. This could pose a significant challenge to in situ monitoring of particulate processes, as there will be no independent estimate of the PSD to allow a discrimination of the artificial peaks to be carried out. Here, we present an algorithm which is capable of discriminating between artificial and true peaks in PSD estimates based on fusion of multiple data streams. In this case, chord length distribution and laser diffraction data have been used. The data fusion is done by means of multi-objective optimisation using the weighted sum approach. The algorithm is applied to two different particle suspensions. The estimated PSDs from the algorithm are compared with offline estimates of PSD from the Malvern Mastersizer and Morphologi G3. The results show that the algorithm is capable of eliminating an artificial peak in a PSD estimate when this artificial peak is sufficiently displaced from the true peak. However, when the artificial peak is too close to the true peak, it is only suppressed but not completely eliminated.
Green Synthesized of Thymus vulgaris Chitosan Nanoparticles Induce Relative WRKY-Genes Expression in Solanum lycopersicum against Fusarium solani, the Causal Agent of Root Rot Disease

Fusarium solani is a plant pathogenic fungus that causes tomato root rot disease and yield losses in tomato production. The current study’s main goal is testing the antibacterial efficacy of chitosan nanoparticles loaded with Thyme vulgaris essential oil (ThE-CsNPs) against F. solani in vitro and in vivo. GC-MS analysis was used to determine the chemical constituents of thyme EO. ThE-CsNPs were investigated using transmission electron microscopy before being physicochemically characterized using FT-IR. ThE-CsNPs were tested for antifungal activity against F. solani mycelial growth in vitro. A pot trial was conducted to determine the most effective dose of ThE-CsNPs on the morph/physiological characteristics of Solanum lycopersicum, as well as the severity of fusarium root rot. The relative gene expression of WRKY transcript factors and defense-associated genes were quantified in root tissues under all treatment conditions. In vitro results revealed that ThE-CsNPs (1%) had potent antifungal efficacy against F. solani radial mycelium growth. The expression of three WRKY transcription factors and three tomato defense-related genes was upregulated. Total phenolic, flavonoid content, and antioxidant enzyme activity were all increased. The outfindings of this study strongly suggested the use of ThE-CsNPs in controlling fusarium root rot on tomatoes; however, other experiments remain necessary before they are recommended.
The Role of Bile Acids in Cardiovascular Diseases: from Mechanisms to Clinical Implications

Bile acids (BAs), key regulators in the metabolic network, are not only involved in lipid digestion and absorption but also serve as potential therapeutic targets for metabolic disorders. Studies have shown that cardiac dysfunction is associated with abnormal BA metabolic pathways. As ligands for several nuclear receptors and membrane receptors, BAs systematically regulate the homeostasis of metabolism and participate in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as myocardial infarction, diabetic cardiomyopathy, atherosclerosis, arrhythmia, and heart failure. However, the molecular mechanism by which BAs trigger CVDs remains controversial. Therefore, the regulation of BA signal transduction by modulating the synthesis and composition of BAs is an interesting and novel direction for potential therapies for CVDs. Here, we mainly summarized the metabolism of BAs and their role in cardiomyocytes and noncardiomyocytes in CVDs. Moreover, we comprehensively discussed the clinical prospects of BAs in CVDs and analyzed the clinical diagnostic and application value of BAs. The latest development prospects of BAs in the field of new drug development are also prospected. We aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanism of BAs treatment in CVDs, and the relationship between BAs and CVDs may provide new avenues for the prevention and treatment of these diseases.