Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Novel thiourea derivatives against Mycobacterium tuberculosis: synthesis, characterization and molecular docking studies

Abstract N-((2-chloropyridin-3-yl)carbamothioyl)thiophene-2-carboxamide (HL1), N-((6-methylpyridin-2-yl)carbamothioyl)thiophene-2-carboxamide (HL2), N-(allylcarbamothioyl)thiophene-2-carboxamide (HL3), 2-chloro-N-(methyl(1-phenylethyl)carbamothioyl)benzamide (HL4) and 2-chloro-N-(bis((R)-1-phenylethyl)carbamothioyl)benzamide (HL5) were synthesized and characterized via FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and HR-MS techniques and HL3 was characterized via a single crystal X-ray diffraction experiment. The antituberculosis activity of the synthesized thiourea derivatives was tested against the H37RV (ATCC27294), ATCC35822 (INH resistant), ATCC35838 (RIF resistant), ATCC35820 (STM resistant) and ATCC35837 (EMB resistant) standard bacteria strains. The thiourea derivatives were tested on two MDR and one primary drug-sensitive isolates with the microplate nitrate reductase test method. The results indicated that HL2 and HL3 had tuberculosis activity on some of the isolates. It was observed that HL4 was the most effective among all the thiourea derivatives. The interaction mechanism of the synthesized compounds on 2X23, a tuberculosis protein, was investigated via molecular docking method. The interaction was observed to occur over S and Cl atoms in all the compounds. The compounds containing the methyl group were observed to interact via this group. Graphical Abstract
Canonical correlation analysis based on sparse penalty and through rank-1 matrix approximation

Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) is a well-known technique used to characterize the relationship between two sets of multidimensional variables by finding linear combinations of variables with maximal correlation. Sparse CCA and smooth or regularized CCA are two widely used variants of CCA because of the improved interpretability of the former and the better performance of the later. So far the cross-matrix product of the two sets of multidimensional variables has been widely used for the derivation of these variants. In this paper two new algorithms for sparse CCA and smooth CCA are proposed. These algorithms differ from the existing ones in their derivation which is based on penalized rank one matrix approximation and the orthogonal projectors onto the space spanned by the columns of the two sets of multidimensional variables instead of the simple cross-matrix product. The performance and effectiveness of the proposed algorithms are tested on simulated experiments. On these results it can be observed that they outperforms the state of the art sparse CCA algorithms.
Germination temperature sensitivity differs between co‐occurring tree species and climate origins resulting in contrasting vulnerability to global warming

Abstract Climate change is shifting temperatures from historical patterns, globally impacting forest composition and resilience. Seed germination is temperature‐sensitive, making the persistence of populations and colonization of available habitats vulnerable to warming. This study assessed germination response to temperature in foundation trees in south‐western Australia's Mediterranean‐type climate forests (Eucalyptus marginata (jarrah) and Corymbia calophylla (marri)) to estimate the thermal niche and vulnerability among populations. Seeds from the species' entire distribution were collected from 12 co‐occurring populations. Germination thermal niche was investigated using a thermal gradient plate (5–40°C). Five constant temperatures between 9 and 33°C were used to test how the germination niche (1) differs between species, (2) varies among populations, and (3) relates to the climate of origin. Germination response differed among species; jarrah had a lower optimal temperature and thermal limit than marri (T o 15.3°C, 21.2°C; ED50 23.4°C, 31°C, respectively). The thermal limit for germination differed among populations within both species, yet only marri showed evidence for adaptation to thermal origins. While marri has the capacity for germination at higher thermal temperatures, jarrah is more vulnerable to global warming exceeding safety margins. This discrepancy is predicted to alter species distributions and forest composition in the future.
Biomineralization in Three-Dimensional Scaffolds Based on Bacterial Nanocellulose for Bone Tissue Engineering: Feature Characterization and Stem Cell Differentiation

Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) has a negative surface charge in physiological environments, which allows the adsorption of calcium ions to initiate the nucleation of different calcium phosphate phases. The aim of this study was to investigate different methods of mineralization in three-dimensional microporous bacterial nanocellulose with the intention of mimicking the composition, structure, and biomechanical properties of natural bone. To generate the 3D microporous biomaterial, porogen particles were incorporated during BNC fermentation with the Komagataeibacter medellinensis strain. Calcium phosphates (CPs) were deposited onto the BNC scaffolds in five immersion cycles, alternating between calcium and phosphate salts in their insoluble forms. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the scaffolds had different pore sizes (between 70 and 350 µm), and their porous interconnectivity was affected by the biomineralization method and time. The crystals on the BNC surface were shown to be rod-shaped, with a calcium phosphate ratio similar to that of immature bone, increasing from 1.13 to 1.6 with increasing cycle numbers. These crystals also increased in size with an increasing number of cycles, going from 25.12 to 35.9 nm. The main mineral phase observed with X-ray diffraction was octacalcium dihydrogen hexakis phosphate (V) pentahydrate (OCP). In vitro studies showed good cellular adhesion and high cell viability (up to 95%) with all the scaffolds. The osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on the scaffolds was evaluated using bone expression markers, including alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and osteopontin. In conclusion, it is possible to prepare 3D BNC scaffolds with controlled microporosity that allow osteoblast adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation.
Multi-Omics Endotypes in ICU Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression

It is evident that the admission of some patients with sepsis and septic shock to hospitals is occurring late in their illness, which has contributed to the increase in poor outcomes and high fatalities worldwide across age groups. The current diagnostic and monitoring procedure relies on an inaccurate and often delayed identification by the clinician, who then decides the treatment upon interaction with the patient. Initiation of sepsis is accompanied by immune system paralysis following “cytokine storm”. The unique immunological response of each patient is important to define in terms of subtyping for therapy. The immune system becomes activated in sepsis to produce interleukins, and endothelial cells express higher levels of adhesion molecules. The proportions of circulating immune cells change, reducing regulatory cells and increasing memory cells and killer cells, having long-term effects on the phenotype of CD8 T cells, HLA-DR, and dysregulation of microRNA. The current narrative review seeks to highlight the potential application of multi-omics data integration and immunological profiling at the single-cell level to define endotypes in sepsis and septic shock. The review will consider the parallels and immunoregulatory axis between cancer and immunosuppression, sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy, and endothelial damage. Second, the added value of transcriptomic-driven endotypes will be assessed through inferring regulatory interactions in recent clinical trials and studies reporting gene modular features that inform continuous metrics measuring clinical response in ICU, which can support the use of immunomodulating agents.
Lambda production in p+p interactions at SPS energies

NA61/SHINE is an experiment, which performance is optimal for studies on the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter in a systematic way, in particular on the phase transition from hadron gas to the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), where the quarks are not con ned. Strangeness enhancement is known to be one of the key signatures of the onset of decon nement. One of the particles carrying strangeness is Λ-hyperon. As an electrically neutral particle, it can not be easily detected in a direct way, but its track can be reconstructed by analysing its charged decay products. The main aim of this thesis is to calculate Λ-yields and Λ mean multiplicity for p+p interactions at 158 GeV/c with the use of the NA61/SHINE data acquired in 2009, the rst task being the preparation and validatation of a procedure for identi cation and extraction of Λ-particles for p+p at SPS energies. The procedure was employed in order to calculate double-di erential spectra ( d2n dydp T , d 2n dydm T , d2n dx F dp T ) , single-di erential distributions ( dn dy , dn dx F ) , mean transverse mass 〈m T 〉, and inverse slope parameter T dependence on y, as well as mean Λ multiplicity extrapolated to 4π for p+p at 158 GeV/c. The data obtained with p+p, where no transition to the QGP is expected, will be used as a reference for further measurements in heavy-ion collisions. Streszczenie NA61/SHINE stanowi eksperyment zoptymalizowany pod k¡tem bada« diagramu fazowego silnie oddziaauj¡cej materii, w szczególno±ci przej±cia fazowego z fazy gazu hadronowego w faz¦ plazmy kwarkowo-gluonowej (QGP), której gaówn¡ cech¡ jest brak uwi¦zienia kwarków. Jedn¡ z kluczowych sygnatur uwolnienia kwarków jest wzmocnienie dziwno±ci, któr¡ zawiera m.in. cz¡stka Λ. Bezpo±rednia jej obserwacja, jako cz¡stki nienaaadowanej elektrycznie, nie jest aatwa, jednak»e jej ±lad mo»e by¢ zrekonstruowany na podstawie analizy naaadowanych produktów rozpadu. Gaównym celem tej pracy jest obliczenie caakowitej i ró»niczkowych krotno±ci cz¡stki Λ dla reakcji p(158 GeV/c)+p. W tym celu przygotowano i przetestowano procedur¦ sau»¡c¡ ekstrakcji cz¡stek Λ spo±ród danych zebranych przez NA61/SHINE w oddziaaywaniach p+p w zakresie p¦dów akceleratora SPS. Powy»sza procedura zostaaa zastosowana przy obliczeniach spektrów ( d2n dydp T , d 2n dydm T , d2n dx F dp T ) oraz rozkaadów ( dn dy , dn dx F ) , a tak»e zale»no±ci ±redniej masy transwersalnej 〈m T 〉 oraz odwrotnego parametru nachylenia T od po±pieszno±ci y, oraz ±redniej krotno±ci Λ ekstrapolowanej do 4π.
Weighting variables in Kohonen competitive learning algorithms

ABSTRACT This paper presents a new variable weight method, called the singular value decomposition (SVD) approach, for Kohonen competitive learning (KCL) algorithms based on the concept of Varshavsky et al. [18]. Integrating the weighted fuzzy c-means (FCM) algorithm with KCL, in this paper, we propose a weighted fuzzy KCL (WFKCL) algorithm. The goal of the proposed WFKCL algorithm is to reduce the clustering error rate when data contain some noise variables. Compared with the k-means, FCM and KCL with existing variable-weight methods, the proposed WFKCL algorithm with the proposed SVD's weight method provides a better clustering performance based on the error rate criterion. Furthermore, the complexity of the proposed SVD's approach is less than Pal et al. [17], Wang et al. [19] and Hung et al. [9].
A Deep Learning Approach to Discover Router Firmware Vulnerabilities

Industrial Internet of Things (IoT)-connected devices are now nearly ubiquitous in the world, and routers are a central point for connecting these Industrial IoT devices. As a router's firmware controls the basic functions of Industrial IoT devices, it is considered the heart of IoT. An Industrial IoT cyberattack can cause huge damage to the connected devices and harm to their owners. Thus, router firmware vulnerability detection has recently become an emerging issue in this domain. As a result, an efficient and precise detection tool is a necessity to this domain. However, the firmware dataset collection is the most challenging step as there are no open-source datasets available online. A manual effort was required to verify the states of samples in both the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures and the National Vulnerability Database databases as either vulnerable or benign. After verification, 1450 samples were collected. This article investigates the effectiveness of using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and computer vision techniques to analyze home router firmware. The collected firmware samples were read as an array of byte strings, divided into subarrays based on the image's dimensions, and then layered on top of one another to produce the firmware images. The images were divided by manufacturer and used as inputs for various CNN models to test their accuracy. Three statistical filtering algorithms were used on each manufacturer's set to produce multiple versions of each set, totaling 24 datasets across four manufacturers, with six datasets per manufacturer (four filtered images and two grayscale and RGB images). The image filter algorithms used include local binary pattern (LBP), histogram of oriented gradients (HOG), and Gabor filter used on the LBP and HOG sets. After testing all the combinations of the filtered/normal datasets with the CNN training model, the HOG filter was the most accurate, with an average accuracy of 85.81% across all tests and models, with results as high as 97.94% when used with the appropriate CNN model.
A 28 GHz fully integrated GaN enhanced single‐sideband time‐modulated MMIC for phased array system

This paper presents a 28 GHz GaN enhanced single‐sideband time‐modulated phased array (ESTMPA), based on a monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC), including both a time‐modulated circuit and an RF front‐end module (FEM). The time‐modulated circuit mainly consists of a numerically controlled attenuator to balance the amplitude, compact phase shifters to generate balanced signals, a reconfigurable power divider, and a quadrature power divider. The FEM mainly consists of a low noise amplifier and a power amplifier, featuring codesign of input/output networks. Based on the in‐phase/quadrature (I/Q) composite modulation technique, a stepped modulation waveform, realized by the time‐modulated circuit, is used to enable a weighted array of phases. This helps generate a scanned beam at the first positive sideband and eliminate the undesired sidebands. The final MMIC‐based four‐element ESTMPA shows a relative suppression level of −16 dB at the positive fifth sideband and −13 dB at the zeroth sideband, and a much higher level at the other undesired sidebands. As a result, a wider signal bandwidth and a higher harmonic efficiency are achieved. In addition, the ESTMPA shows a beam sweeping angle from −30° to 30° in far‐field measurement.
Correlates of continuum of maternal health services among Nepalese women: Evidence from Nepal Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey

Continuum of Care (CoC) is an essential strategy to prevent maternal and child deaths where health services are arranged in a pathway throughout pregnancy, childbirth and after delivery. However, CoC is still a challenge in Nepal. This study aimed to investigate the correlates of CoC from pregnancy to the postnatal period in Nepalese women aged 15 to 49 years. Secondary analysis was performed on the data from Nepal Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey. This led to a sample size of 2086 women who had a live birth within two years preceding the survey. We constructed three outcome models and conducted multivariable logistic regression, to assess socio-economic and demographic correlates of CoC from pregnancy to childbirth to postnatal period. Overall, 41% of the women received Antenatal Care (ANC), delivery from Skilled Birth Attendant (SBA) as well as the Postnatal Care (PNC) during their most recent birth. Women from rural areas (aOR 0.25, 95%CI: 0.18, 0.36) had reduced odds of receiving CoC while women belonging to advantaged ethnic group (aOR 1.61, 95%CI: 1.18 2.19), from middle wealth status (aOR 2.56, 95%CI: 1.68, 3.91) and upper (aOR 4.50, 95%CI: 3.07, 6.59) wealth status, and women having access to media (aOR 1.76, 95%CI: 1.31, 2.37) had higher odds of receiving CoC from pregnancy to postnatal period. Having more than two births reduced the odds of CoC by 30% (aOR 0.70, 95%CI: 0.50, 0.98). These factors were also significantly associated with ANC services and the continuum from ANC to delivery SBA. The findings suggest that the majority of Nepalese women lack a continuity of care during their pregnancy and childbirth, and several socioeconomic factors affect the spectrum of CoC. Efforts to improve maternal health services utilization in a continuum require strategies that remove demand and supply barriers of health care utilization.
Single-Phase Bridgeless Converter for On-Board EV Charger With Flexible Charging Capabilities

This article puts forward the analysis and design of single-phase bridgeless Cuk-derived dc–dc converter for a novel vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) charge transfer technique. V2V charging adds flexibility to electric vehicle (EV) charging process and aids in mitigating range anxiety. The proposed V2V charge transfer technique has only one power conversion stage and only one onboard charger is used to charge the battery. The charger is capable of both grid-to-vehicle and V2V charging. The converter design is in discontinuous conduction mode which reduces the control complexity. The converter has a lower component count rendering the charger lightweight, power dense, and cost effective. The overall converter efficiency is high owing to low switching losses. This work has been compared to several state-of-the-art V2V topologies and configurations. The complete steady-state analysis and converter design operating in dc charging mode have been presented. Moreover, to validate the analysis, design, and applicability of the converter for dc V2V charge transfer, PSIM simulation, and laboratory-based hardware prototype have been built and the experimental results are provided.
The Quest of Happiness-Increase Happy Neurotransmitter Serotonin in the Brain

When discussing happiness, it’s worth noting that serotonin, a magical substance found in the body, is essential to achieving a state of well-being. Serotonin is a naturally occurring monoamine neurotransmitter that transmits signals between nerve cells throughout the body, contributing significantly to mood stabilization and supporting other bodily functions such as digestion, blood clotting, and sleep. When serotonin levels in the brain are low, it can cause changes in mood and disrupt sleep patterns, which can lead to depression. However, it’s important to note that although 95% of the serotonin in the body is produced in the gut, it cannot cross the “blood-brain barrier” and thus has no impact on emotional status. Increasing serotonin levels in the brain appears to enhance communication between brain cells, resulting in an uplifted mood and reduced depression symptoms. Prescription antidepressants like Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) are frequently employed to treat clinical depression and other mood disorders by increasing serotonin levels in the brain via blocking the Serotonin reuptake process. The 5-HT system is also thought to be a connection between the circadian system, stress, and mood. 5-HT not only plays a part in generating non-photic phase shifts, but it also counteracts the effects of light in the SCN (Suprachiasmatic nucleus) . It has been found that food and exercise can increase serotonin levels in the brain. Thus SSRIs use can be minimized (Figure 1).
A study on information disorders on social networks during the Chilean social outbreak and COVID-19 pandemic

Information disorders on social media can have a significant impact on citizens’ participation in democratic processes. To better understand the spread of false and inaccurate information online, this research analyzed data from Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram. The data were collected and verified by professional fact-checkers in Chile between October 2019 and October 2021, a period marked by political and health crises. The study found that false information spreads faster and reaches more users than true information on Twitter and Facebook. Instagram, on the other hand, seemed to be less affected by this phenomenon. False information was also more likely to be shared by users with lower reading comprehension skills. True information, on the other hand, tended to be less verbose and generate less interest among audiences. This research provides valuable insights into the characteristics of misinformation and how it spreads online. By recognizing the patterns of how false information diffuses and how users interact with it, we can identify the circumstances in which false and inaccurate messages are prone to becoming widespread. This knowledge can help us to develop strategies to counter the spread of misinformation and protect the integrity of democratic processes.
Sur La Forme Hermitienne Canonique Des Espaces Homogenes Complexes

Introduction. Soit G un groupe de Lie connexe et soit B un sous-groupe fermé de G. Supposons que la variété homogène G/B ou G opère transitivement à gauche soit munie d'une structure complexe invariante par les opérations de G, et qu'il existe sur G/B un volume invariant par G. Ce volume étant unique à un facteur constant près, la forme hermitienne de G/B qui est canoniquement associée au volume et à la structure complexe se trouve entièrement déterminée par la structure complexe de G/B et le groupe transitif G (5).
Study of Different Methods for Extraction of Hakka Diet Herbal Medicine Rabdosia serra(Maxim.)Hara

The condition of extraction of Hakka diet herb Rabdosia serra(Maxim.)Hara with decoction and alcohol soak method was studied.The component in the extract was also detected by sense evaluation and TLC.The results showed that the extraction efficiency,component and taste in the extract are different between the two methods.The experiment indicated that decoction was the proper method for extracting Rabdosia serra(Maxim.)Hara to prepare soup material,and the optimal condition of decoction was as follows: the weight of water was 10 times of Rabdosia serra(Maxim.)Hara,the time of extraction was 0.5h,and the number of extraction was 4.