Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thermoplasticity of Saturated Clays: Experimental Constitutive Study

Experimental results obtained from thermomechanical tests on three clays are analyzed in light of the constitutive equations of soil thermoplasticity presented in a companion paper. Heating and cooling drained tests at constant isotropic stress show a strong dependence of the elastic domain on temperature. Thermal sensitivity of elastic domain was found to be different in overconsolidated and in normally consolidated clays. Thermoplastic strain hardening builds up to compensate for thermal softening in normally consolidated clays at plastic compression during drained heating, if the constant stress is imposed. Triaxial compression tests at constant elevated temperatures show an increase in ductility and a decrease in dilatativity at high temperatures. Undrained heating tests show a significant water pressure buildup. At constant principal stress difference, the water pressure growth leads to an effective stress drop and an eventual failure at the critical state line. A temperature‐rate‐dependent non‐assoc.
Role of subsurface loads and regional compensation in the isostatic balance of the transverse ranges, California: Evidence for intracontinental subduction

Bouguer gravity anomalies in the Transverse Ranges of southern California show a pronounced asymmetry in north-south profiles across the mountains and a characteristic shape which is largely insensitive to variations in the topographic load along strike. While individual gravity/topography profile pairs could be consistent with a number of isostatic compensation mechanisms, the unusual relationship between gravity and topography in the San Bernardino Mountains severely limits the class of acceptable models if the Bouguer gravity field is caused by flexure of the crust/mantle boundary. The simplest solution consistent with the data in the Western Transverse Ranges, the San Gabriel Mountains, and the San Bernardino Mountains models the Great Valley and Mojave provinces to the north as a 50-km-thick elastic plate supporting the mountains which are underthrust by a much weaker plate to the south. The best fit to the gravity data in the San Bernardino Mountains requires a terminal bending moment on the southern plate beneath the mountains. The magnitude of the terminal bending moment decreases to the west in the San Gabriel and Western Transverse Ranges. We equate the load responsible for this terminal moment with the high-velocity, slablike feature mapped in the upper mantle beneath the Transverse Ranges using seismic tomography. The coupling between the subsurface load and the overlying lithosphere suggests that the slab represents lithospheric subduction with an extremely small density contrast rather than a small-scale convective feature.
Generation of activation-speciﬁc human anti- (cid:1) M (cid:2) 2 single-chain antibodies as potential diagnostic tools and therapeutic agents

The leukocyte integrin Mac-1 ( (cid:1) M (cid:2) 2 ) plays a pivotal role in inﬂammation and host defense.Uponleukocyteactivation,Mac-1 undergoes a conformational change ex-posing interaction sites for multiple ligands. We aimed to generate single-chain antibodies (scFv’s) directed against activation-speciﬁc Mac-1 ligand-binding sites. Using human scFv phage libraries, we developed subtractive strategies with depletion of phages binding to nonactivated Mac-1 and selection of phages binding to activated Mac-1, using monocytes as well as CHO cells transfected with native or mutated, activated Mac-1. Three scFv clones demonstrated exclusive binding to activated Mac-1. Mac-1 binding of the ligandsﬁbrinogen,heparin,andICAM-1,but notC3bi,wasinhibited.Usingalaninesubsti-tutions, the paratope was identiﬁed within the heavy chain HCDR3s of the scFv’s. The epitope was localized to Lys 245 -Arg 261 of the (cid:1) M I-domain.Inapilotstudywithsepticemic patients, we provide initial support for the useofthesescFv’sasmarkersofmonocyte activation and as potential diagnostic tools. Potentialtherapeuticusewastestedinadhe-sion assays under static and conditions demonstrating the selective blockade of activated monocytes only. Furthermore, scFv peptides retain selec-tivity for the activated integrin, providing a unique template for the potential development of inhibitors that are speciﬁc for the activatedMac-1. (Blood.2007;109:3521-3528)
Structural geometry and kinematic evolution of the eastern Cascades foldbelt, Washington and British Columbia

The eastern Cascades foldbelt is one of three structural domains lying within the complex collision zone between the Insular and Intermontane composite terranes in northern Washington and southern British Columbia. The foldbelt resides between the high-grade metamorphic backbone of the Cascade orogen on the west and rocks of the composite Intermontane terrane to the east. It encompasses the stratigraphically coherent, basalt-floored Jura–Cretaceous Methow basin as well as more chaotically disposed Permian–Jurassic oceanic rocks of the Hozameen terrane. Methow basin rocks are thought to have been sutured above the oceanic rocks prior to the middle Cretaceous contractional episode described in this report.Based on the analysis presented herein, between ca. 100 and 88 Ma the rocks in the foldbelt underwent shortening in an east-northeast – west-southwest direction by 50 km or more, largely by displacement on the east-vergent Jack Mountain – Chuwanten thrust system. The early stages of contraction occurred by.
Distribuição da Oviposição e Dinâmica Temporal do Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) por Meio de Ovitrampas

O presente estudo teve como objetivo monitorar a dispersao do Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) por meio de ovitrampas e correlacionar com as variaveis ambientais durante periodo aproximado de um ano na cidade de Macapa, AP, Brasil. Foram instaladas um total de 66 ovitrampas em 4 zonas da cidade: oeste, sul norte e central, trocando semanalmente as armadilhas. A contagem de ovos permitiu calcular o indice de positividade de ovo (IPO) e indice de densidade de ovo (IDO). Comparou-se o IPO e o IDO entre zonas, e correlacionou-se com os dados climaticos. Durante o estudo, o IPO foi de 50,44% e o IDO 103,79. Nao houve diferenca do IPO entre as zonas, apenas o IDO da zona central fora maior que as demais. O IPO e o IDO estiveram correlacionados positivamente com a pluviosidade e umidade do ar minima e, negativamente com a umidade maxima do ar e temperatura maxima e minima. O monitoramento do A. aegypti por meio de ovitrampa direciona complementarmente a equipe de combate ao vetor, permitindo atuar de maneira mais eficaz na area de maior positividade. Nossos resultados indicam que Macapa esta similarmente infestada pelo A. aegypti e que estes elevados indices sao influenciados fortemente pelas variaveis ambientais, sendo o periodo mais chuvoso com os maiores indices entomologicos. Distribution of Oviposition and Temporal Dynamics of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) by Ovitraps Abstract. This study aimed to monitor the spread of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) using ovitraps and correlate the results with the climate data over a period of approximately one year in the city of Macapa, AP, Brazil. A total of 66 ovitraps were installed in four areas of the city (west, south, north and central), and replaced weekly. The eggs were counted to calculate the egg positivity index (EPI) and egg density index (EDI). The EPI and EDI were compared across zones and correlated with climate data. For the period of the study, the EPI was 50.44% and the EDI was 103.79. There was no difference in EPI across different areas, and only the EDI in the central area was greater than that in the other areas. The EPI and EDI were correlated positively with rainfall and humidity minimum and negatively with maximum humidity of air and maximum and minimum temperature. The monitoring of A. aegypti using ovitraps helps the team to combat the vector, enabling them to act more effectively in areas of higher positivity. Our results indicate that Macapa is similarly infested with A. aegypti and these high levels are strongly influenced by environmental variables, being the rainiest period with the largest entomological indices.
Milk quality requirements for yoghurt-making

Abstract: The sensory properties of natural yoghurt depend upon the chemical composition of the base milk, the method of processing and the characteristics of the starter culture. It is the importance of the former factors that is discussed in this chapter. The essential roles of milk proteins in coagulum formation are considered with special reference to bovine milk, but the relevance of seasonal variations in fat, minerals and vitamins with respect to product quality are noted, as are the impacts of heat-treatment and homogenisation.
Arctic sea-ice morphological characteristics in summer 1996

Abstract A sea-ice thickness profile obtained in September 1996 from the Greenland Sea and the Eurasian Basin, extending as far as the North Pole, has shown an unusually open ice cover with low mean drafts, large amounts of open water and little deep pressure ridging. Comparisons with data obtained from the same region in October 1976 show that mean ice draft has declined by 43% and that the decline can largely be ascribed to a loss of the thickest ice.
Stable isotope thermometry: There is more to it than temperature

Armed with the statistical-mechanical theoretical foundation for equilibrium isotope fractionation and then state-of-the-art dual-inlet, double-collector mass spectrometry for precision isotope ratio measurements of light elements, the Chicago group let by Nobel laureate Harold Urey launched a historical study of the carbonate paleothermometry in the late 1940s and the early 1950s. This study has become perhaps the most prolific and successful field of isotope geochemistry. Soon the same notion of isotope thermometry was applied to virtually all geoscience disciplines, ranging from paleoclimatology to sedimentology to petrology to cosmochemistry, which has then become known as isotope geothermometry. It is the simplicity and elegance of this concept why isotope thermometry has become widely utilized as one of geochemical tools. It is also true that from the beginning the potential effects of other variables (pressure, fluid composition, etc.) on equilibrium isotope partitioning have constantly been debated. The study of these “other” effects has proven to be very elusive, and took us half a century to finally grasp an outline of the issues. Here, I provide a brief, historical and somewhat personal perspective, including significant developments in the past decade, which has led to this year’s Geochemical Society of Japan Award.
Diverse p63 and p73 isoforms regulate D133p53 expression through modulation of the internal TP53 pomoter activity

expression ABSTRACT In response to stress, p53 binds and transactivates the internal TP53 promoter thus regulating the expression of its own isoform, Δ 133p53 α . Here, we report that, in addition to p53, at least four p63/p73 isoforms regulate Δ 133p53 expression at transcriptional level: p63 β , Δ Np63 α , Δ Np63 β and Δ Np73 γ . This regulation occurs through direct DNA-binding to the internal TP53 promoter as demonstrated by chromatin-IP and the use of DNA-binding mutant p63. The promoter regions involved in the p63/p73-mediated transactivation were identified using deleted, mutant and polymorphic luciferase reporter constructs. In addition, we observed that transient expression of p53 family members modulates endogenous Δ 133p53 α expression at both mRNA and protein levels. We also report concomitant variation of p63 and Δ 133p53 expression during keratinocyte differentiation of HaCat cells and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) derived from mutated p63 ectodermal dysplasia patients. Finally, proliferation assays indicated that Δ 133p53 α isoform regulates the anti-proliferative activities of p63 β , Δ Np63 α , Δ Np63 β and Δ Np73 γ . Overall, this study shows a strong interplay between p53, p63 and p73 isoforms to orchestrate cell fate outcome. (R279H) or significantly impaired (C306R) the Δ Np63 α -mediated transactivation of the internal TP53 promoter. This indicates that the DNA-binding domain of Δ Np63 α is required to transactivate the internal TP53 promoter.
Observation-based algorithm development for subsurface hydrology in northern temperate wetlands

Chiu, Chun-Mei. Ph.D., Purdue University, December 2013. Observation-based algorithm development for subsurface hydrology in northern temperate wetlands. Major Professor: Laura C. Bowling. This study investigates wetland subsurface hydrology, as well as biogeochemistry which is strongly influenced by water and temperature dynamics as these interactions are expected to be highly significant, yet remain poorly represented in current ecosystem and climate models. Northern wetlands have received widespread public attention due to steadily increasing summer mean global temperatures, extreme precipitation events and higher rates of natural greenhouse gas emissions, as well as the significant impacts on them due to human activities. The goal of my graduate research has been to improve quantification of the role of subsurface hydrology in northern wetlands by using a macroscale hydrological model, the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model. The existing VIC model was modified to better represent the effect of surface and subsurface water storage in managed wetlands. An improved water table depth calculation, based on a drained to equilibrium assumption, was incorporated into a new subsurface drainage algorithm. The spatial variability of water table depth across landscape positions has been represented
de l`exploitation des liens hypertexte en recherche d`information

Ce papier presente differentes approches de recherche d'informations exploitant la structure hypertexte des documents d'une collection (pages web par exemple) en plus de l'analyse de leur contenu textuel. Notre objectif est de tester les effets de l'utilisation des liens hypertexte sur les performances de la recherche d'informations et la pertinence des informations restituees dans des collections telle que le web. Nos experimentations ont ete effectuees sur la collection WT2g de TREC-8 (collection (.)
Unwrapping Instantaneous Phase to Generate a Relative Geologic Time Volume

This presentation has three goals. The first is to introduce the Relative Geologic Time Volume (RGT Volume). This volume stores a detailed seismic interpretation using geologic time estimates for every seismic sample point. The second goal is to briefly provide some of the advantages of using a RGT Volume to store and access seismic interpretation. For example, by using such a volume, horizons can be selected using a spatial reference (i.e., inline, crossline, travel time position), such as dragging a mouse over an inline, crossline or time slice. The third goal is to describe how such a volume can be generated by unwrapping instantaneous phase. The unwrapping procedure assumes that a surface of constant instantaneous phase equals a seismic horizon, which in turn equals a constant geologic time.
When More Is Less and Less Is More: The Role of Ideal Point Availability and Assortment in Consumer Choice

Contrary to the common wisdom that more choice is always better, selections made from large assortments can lead to weaker preferences. Building on the extant literature, this research identifies ideal point availability as a key factor moderating the impact of assortment on choice. It is proposed that, in the case of large assortments, ideal point availability can simplify choice, leading to a stronger preference for the selected alternative. In contrast, for choices made from smaller assortments, ideal point availability is proposed to have the opposite effect, leading to weaker preferences. Data obtained from four experiments lend support for the theory and the empirical predictions advanced in this article.
Hungarian survey on the use of cartograms in school cartography

ABSTRACT The use of cartograms can be dated to the second half of the nineteenth century, but they became more popular in the first half of the twentieth century. An interesting characteristic is that the first cartograms (or cartogram-like representations) were published in journals or newspapers for the public in general, as well as in textbooks or school atlases. Their popularity decreased during the second half of the twentieth century until the first half of the 1990s. At present we can observe a revival of the cartograms as a method of representation empowered with new graphic solutions for the geovisualization of data on the Web. This situation motivated us to formulate a question: can cartograms recover their original place within cartography in general and specifically in school cartography? After theoretical research and in the interest of finding an answer to the question above, a survey was organized on this topic in two secondary schools in Budapest. Geographic and geometric area cartograms were tested with 118 pupils. The results reflect a duality in the reading and understanding of this method of representation, constituting a starting point for future empirical research related to the use of cartograms by children and young people.
Pengaruh Sistem Irigasi terhadap Produksi dan Kualitas Organoleptik Tembakau

The objective of this research was to study the effect of irrigation system on production and organoleptic quality of tobacco. The treatments were conventional irrigation, drip irrigation with mulch and drip irrigation without mulch. Conventional irrigation was the irrigation system that was usually applied by farmer. Plastic pipe was used for conveying water from water resource to field, and the irrigation was given twice a week. Drip irrigation was given once in two days. Drip irrigation with mulch resulted higher sun cured leaf weight and water used efficiency than conventional irrigation, but it was not significantly different compared with drip irrigation without mulch. Drip irrigation without mulch resulted 5.505 ton/ha of sun cured leaf and water use efficiency as much as 3.4 g of sun cured leaf/kg of water. Organoleptic quality resulted by three irrigation systems were mild to medium, fairly smooth and low irritant. Key words : Drip irrigation, mulch, water use efficiency, organoleptic quality, tobacco
The role of nutrient management in mitigation

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from soils are responsible for about 3 percent of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which cause climate change, and contribute approximately one-third of non-CO2 agricultural GHG emissions. N2O is produced by microbial transformations of nitrogen in the soil, under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Therefore, emissions are often directly related to nutrients added to the soil in the form of mineral fertilizers and animal manure. These additions can be vital in maintaining soil fertility and crop production; about half of the world's population is dependent on food produced strictly because of mineral fertilizer inputs. However, the additions are also highly inefficient, leading to nitrogen losses via leaching, volatilization, and emissions to the atmosphere. By helping to maximize crop-nitrogen uptake, improved nutrient management has a significant and cost-effective role to play in mitigating GHG emissions from agriculture. Nutrient management can also help reduce methane (CH4) emissions from rice production and increase carbon sequestration in agricultural soils.
Lysine catabolism: flow, metabolic role and regulation

Lysine is an essential amino acid, synthesized in plants in the aspartic acid pathway. The lysine catabolism is performed by the action of two consecutive enzymes, lysine 2-oxoglutarate reductase (LOR) and saccharopine dehydrogenase (SDH). The steady state of lysine is controlled by both, synthesis and catabolism rates, with the final soluble lysine concentration in cereal seeds a direct result of these processes. In the last 40 years, the enzymes involved in lysine biosynthesis have been purified and characterized from some plant species such as carrot, maize, barley, rice, and coix. Recent reports have revealed that lysine degradation might be related to various physiological processes, for instance growth, development and response to environmental changes and stress. The understanding of the regulatory aspects of the lysine biosynthetic and catabolic pathways and manipulation of related enzymes is important for the production of high-lysine plants.
U – Pb age constraints for the lithotectonic evolution of the Grenville Province along the Mauricie transect, Quebec

New U–Pb zircon and monazite ages on 12 samples from the Mauricie transect in Quebec provide constraints on the lithologic and tectonic evolution of the south-central Grenville Province. From lowest to highest structural levels, the Mekinac, Shawinigan, and Portneuf – St. Maurice domains are identified on the basis of protolith age, tectonic overprint, and plutonism. The structurally highest Portneuf – St. Maurice domain consists of remnants of an island arc (Montauban Group) that was deformed and metamorphosed before and during the intrusion of continental arc plutons (La Bostonnais complex). A tonalitic orthogneiss yielding a zircon age suggests that most of the structurally underlying Mekinac and Shawinigan domains consist of orthogneisses that may be high-grade equivalents of the La Bostonnais complex. A voluminous metasedimentary unit occurring in the Shawinigan domain (St. Boniface unit) was deposited between ca. 1.18 and 1.09 Ga, precluding any correlation with the ca. 1.45 Ga Montauban Group. Two .
Diagenetically altered sabkha‐type Pleistocene dolomite from the Arabian Gulf

Diagenetically altered Pleistocene dolomite occurs in the shallow subsurface of the Arabian Gulf, offshore of Al Jubayl, Saudi Arabia. This dolomite accumulated in relatively shallow marine to sabkha depositional environments. In contrast with the thin extent of most other Quaternary sabkha and sabkha-related dolomite deposits, these deposits comprise a thick (>56 m) accumulation. Additionally, this Pleistocene dolomite displays a high degree of ordering and has a more nearly ideal stoichiometric composition than the dolomite from the depositionally and diagenetically analogous Abu Dhabi sabkha complex. The Pleistocene dolomite also has lower δ13 and δ18O values than the modern Abu Dhabi sabkha dolomite, and higher values than those commonly reported for analogous dolomite from the ancient rock record. The low δ18O values, in conjunction with the geological setting, indicate that the diagenetic waters were meteoric or mixed meteoric and marine in composition. Thus, the degree of ordering, stoichiometric and stable isotopic values indicate that this dolomite has undergone diagenetic alteration relative to its presumed Holocene precursor.
Influence of pit removal methods on river network position

Digital elevation models often contain depressions that result in areas described as having no drainage, referred to as sinks or pits. These depressions disrupt the drainage surface, which disrupt routing of flow over the surface. Most of the attributes that can be extracted from a digital elevation model rely on flow‐routing algorithms to calculate the upslope contributing area. There is little information on the influence of the various algorithms on the position and on the connectivity of the extracted networks. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of pit removal methods, data sources and flow‐routing algorithms on the position of river networks. The results show that all factors and methods have an impact on the position of the extracted networks. The pit removal method combining filling and carving extracted river networks closer to the reference, as well the elevation models with higher resolution. Single‐flow direction methods provided more accurate positioning of river network, in this test area where the drainage is generally well defined. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.