Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sex-related differences in the postmolt distribution of Weddell seals ( Leptonychotes weddellii ) in the southern Weddell Sea

The population of Weddell seals ( Leptonychotes weddellii ) in the southern Weddell Sea is in a unique position on the continental shelf edge, with vast shelf waters to the south, and deep Southern Ocean to the north. We describe sex-related differences in the winter distribution of this population, from data collected by 20 conductiv-ity-temperature-depth satellite relay data loggers deployed in February 2011 at the end of the annual molt. The regional daily speed was calculated, and a state-space model was used to estimate behavioral states to positions along individuals’ tracks. GLMMs estimated that males and smaller individuals, diving in shallower water, traveled less far per day of deployment (males 14.6 (cid:2) 2.26 km/d, females 18.9 (cid:2) 2.42 km/d), and males were estimated to dive in shallower water (males 604 (cid:2) 382 m, females 1,875 (cid:2) 1,458 m). Males and smaller individuals were also estimated to be more resident; males spent an average 83.4% (cid:2) 7.7% of their time in a resident behavioral state, compared to females at 74.1% (cid:2) 7.1%. This evidence that male and female Weddell seals in the southern Weddell Sea are adopting different strate- gies has not been shown elsewhere along their circumpolar distribution.
Theses and

The safety and reliability of deep learning systems necessitate a compelling demonstration of their encoded behavior. Unfortunately, testing metrics developed for traditional software systems are poorly suited for measuring how well this behavior has been modeled. Recent work in this area has produced a popular solution in neuron coverage, which is inspired by the notion of traditional code coverage. Neuron coverage measures the proportion of neurons activated in a neural network as a proxy for the eﬀectiveness of a test suite. In this work, we systematically investigate the relationship between neuron coverage and three important test suite properties: defect detection, naturalness, and output diversity. We also propose a novel regularization technique to eﬃciently induce higher neuron coverage and use it to extend two well-known adversarial attack algorithms. Contrary to expectation, our study ﬁnds that increasing neuron coverage actually makes it harder to generate eﬀective test suites. For most of our experimental conﬁgurations, higher neuron coverage meant fewer defects detected, less natural tests, and more biased class preferences that harmed output diversity. Our results invoke skepticism that neuron coverage is a meaningful measure for testing deep neural networks.
Quality of life of patients treated with radiotherapy

: Radiotherapy is one of the most commonly used anticancer treatments. Despite continuous technological development it may cause adverse symptoms, and as a result reduce the quality of life in patients undergoing radiation therapy. Objective of the work: Analysis of the quality of life of patients treated with radiation therapy and the effect determination of selected factors and their clinical complications on the quality of life of oncological patients. Material and methods: The study included 100 patients diagnosed with cancer, including 47 (47%) women and 53 (53%) men, with an average age of 62.1 (± 9.47) years. The study used a standardized questionnaire EORTC QLQ-C30, in assessing the quality of life of cancer patients and a questionnaire of our own design containing sociodemographic and clinical data. The collected empirical data were analyzed statistically. The level of significance was p <0.05. Results: In the group of patients tested the average rate the overall quality of life was 50.5 (± 16.28) with a median of 50. The highest quality of life in the test reported in the field of cognitive functioning, and the lowest in the area of social functioning. In 72% of patients experienced complications of radiotherapy. During the analysis, it was found that the overall quality of life and functioning in all domains is lower comparing to the results of patients with no side effects of treatment. The analysis also found that in patients with head and neck cancer, which are irradiated at the same area, the level of cognitive functioning is significantly lower than the level of functioning in the same domain patients irradiated in the chest area (p <0.008) and in the area of reproductive organs (p <0.007). Conclusions: There is a diversity of quality of life of patients with and without complications of treatment with ionizing radiation, which have a significant impact on the quality of life of cancer patients. Location area irradiated during radiotherapy has a significant impact on the quality of life of patients. Treatment with radiation therapy adversely affects the quality of life of patients.
CMAR_A_264308 7189..7197

*These authors contributed equally to this work Background Information: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system. Long non-coding (lnc) RNA ENST00000430471 has been reported to be involved in CRC development and metastasis because of its cancer-promoting ability. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms of ENST00000430471 in CRC remain largely unknown. Methods: The cell proliferation assay and Xenograft experiment were performed to examine the proliferation rate of the tumor cells. Invasiveness and migration capability of the cells were evaluated using the invasion and wound healing assays, respectively. In addition, the RNA pull-down assay and subsequent mass spectrometry techniques were performed to identify the proteins interacting with ENST00000430471. Results: Herein, small specific inhibiting (si) RNA-si0471#2 was used to silence ENST00000430471 in HCT116 and SW620 cell lines. This led to a significant reduction in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. The RNA pull-down assay and mass spectrometry further revealed that ENST00000430471 interacted with several proteins such as the Y-boxbinding protein 1 (YBX-1). On one hand, silencing of ENST00000430471 decreased the mRNA and protein expression levels of YBX-1. On the other hand, overexpression of YBX1 partially attenuated the suppression of cell proliferation, invasion, and migration induced by ENST00000430471 silencing. Conclusion: Silencing of ENST00000430471 inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion of CRC cells by regulating YBX-1 expression. These results provide baseline information that is essential in the identification of effective therapeutic targets for CRC therapy.
Analysis and Design of Smart Beams

In this project the theory for smart beams will be covered. The bending stiffness of an inhomogeneous layered beam will be explained by means of Young’s modulus and moments of inertia. A requirement to the voltage applied to the layers in the beam in order for the beam to act as a whole will be developed. The requirement will be made so the beam can achieve locking, but also so when the requirement is exceeded it is so in the whole beam so it experiences homogeneous friction. This is done by designing the dielectric layer to vary the same way as the internal shear force in the beam varies. The energy stored in a linear-elastic beam in bending is described as well as the external work done on a beam in bending. Furthermore a theoretical expression for the energy dissipated due to friction between the layers is derived. A number of experiments are carried out in order to determine if the theory developed is solid. The experiments show that the design of the smart beam used in this report does not work. The reason for this is discussed, and it is concluded that the failure exists in the electrostatic forces, the design at hand does not exhibit a notable difference between when attempting to apply these forces and when not. A number of practical applications of smart beams are also discussed. Resume I dette projekt bliver teorien bag smarte bjaelker beskrevet. Bojningsstivheden af en inhomogen lagdelt bjaelke bliver forklaret ved hjaelp af Youngs modul samt inertimomenter. Et krav til den pasatte spaending til lagene i bjaelken, for at bjaelken kan fungere som en helhed, bliver udviklet. Kravet bliver lavet saledes at bjaelken kan opna lasning, men ogsa saledes at nar kravet overskrides sker det i hele bjaelken saledes at lagene oplever homogen friktion. Dette gores ved at designe det dielektriske lag sa det varierer pa samme made som den interne forskydningskraft i bjaelken. Energien oplagret i en lineaer-elastisk bjaelke i bojning bliver beskrevet ligesom det ydre arbejde pa en bjaelke i bojning. Yderligere bliver et teoretisk udtryk for energidissipationen forarsaget af friktion mellem lagene udviklet. Et antal eksperimenter bliver udfort for at afgore om den udviklede teori er gyldig. Eksperimenterne viser, at det design af den smarte bjaelke der bliver brugt i dette projekt ikke virker. Arsagen til dette bliver diskuteret, og det bliver konkluderet at fejlen ligger i de elektrostatiske kraefter. Det indevaerende design viser ingen bemaerkelsesvaerdig forskel mellem forsogene pa at pafore disse kraefter og nar de ikke forsoges pafort. En raekke praktiske anvendelser af smarte bjaelker
The P versus NP Solution

: The P versus NP problem is one of the most important and unsolved problems in computer science. This consists in knowing the answer of the following question: Is P equal to NP? This incognita was ﬁrst mentioned in a letter written by Kurt G¨odel to John von Neumann in 1956. However, the precise statement of the P versus NP problem was introduced in 1971 by Stephen Cook in a seminal paper. In this work, we prove that POLYLOGTIME is different to NLOGTIME. Next, we show if P = NP, then POLYLOGTIME = NLOGTIME. Consequently, we ﬁnally demonstrate that P is different to NP.
Enhanced proportional power sharing strategy based on adaptive virtual impedance in low-voltage networked microgrid

The variation of the electrical distance and the complexity of the electric network lead to the variations of feeder impedances between distributed generation units and load points. It is determined that conventional droop control has drawbacks in achieving accurate power sharing due to the effects of mismatched impedance. Therefore, this study proposes an enhanced proportional power sharing strategy based on adaptive virtual impedance in a low-voltage networked microgrid. The improved R-L type droop control can effectively prevent the coupling between real and reactive powers. Furthermore, an adaptive virtual impedance loop is introduced to counteract the feeder voltage drop. The method utilises real and reactive power mismatching which were fed into integral controllers, and then generates the virtual inductive and resistive components, respectively. This proposed strategy is able to enhance power sharing accuracy without requiring the knowledge of feeder impedance, and it is more adaptive to the complex impedance. The simulation experiments carried out under the environment of MATLAB/Simulink, and results verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
The Prognostic Value of TNI (Tumor-Nutrition- In ammation Index) in Patients with Advanced Lung Cancer

Huan Wang the Fourth A liated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Yuting Shi the Fourth A liated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Yueli Shi the Fourth A liated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Mengqing Cao the Fourth A liated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Long Zhang the Fourth A liated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Yuan Wu the Fourth A liated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Yun Xu the Fourth A liated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Kai Wang the Fourth A liated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Xianwu Weng (  8020187@zju.edu.cn ) the Fourth A liated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine
Characteristics of Small Leucine-rich Proteoglycans in the Intervertebral Disc Degeneration

The intervertebral disc (IVD) is important in the normal functioning of the spine. It is a cushion of fibrocartilage and the principal joint between two vertebrae in the spinal column and is responsible for spinal motion and load distribution. Small leucin e-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) are the major bioactive components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of intervertebral disc and associated with fibrillogenesis, cellular growth and apoptosis and tissue remodelling. The most significant biochemical change to occur in disc degeneration is loss of proteoglycans (PGs). A more in-depth understanding of molecular basis of disc degeneration is essential to the design of therapeutic solutions to treat degenerative disc. This review focuses on the SLRP biochemical characteristics in the intervertebral disc degeneration.
Control Implications for Sleep-Disordered Breathing Biomechanical properties of the human upper airway and their effect on its behavior during breathing and in obstructive sleep apnea

Biomechanical properties of the human upper airway and their effect on its behavior during breathing and in obstructive sleep apnea. J Appl Physiol 116: 314–324, 2014. upper airway is a complex, multifunc- tional, dynamic neuromechanical system. Its patency during breathing requires moment-to-moment coordination of neural and mechanical behavior and varies with posture. Failure to continuously recruit and coordinate dilator muscles to counterbalance the forces that act to close the airway results in hypopneas or apneas. Repeated failures lead to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Obesity and anatomical variations, such as retrognathia, increase the likelihood of upper airway collapse by altering the passive mechanical behavior of the upper airway. This behavior depends on the mechanical properties of each upper airway tissue in isolation, their geometrical arrangements, and their physiological interactions. Recent measurements of respiratory-related deformation of the airway wall have shown that there are different patterns of airway soft tissue movement during the respiratory cycle. In OSA patients, airway dilation appears less coordinated com- pared with that in healthy subjects (matched for body mass index). Intrinsic mechanical properties of airway tissues are altered in OSA patients, but the factors underlying these changes have yet to be elucidated. How neural drive to the airway dilators relates to the biomechanical behavior of the upper airway (movement and stiffness) is still poorly understood. Recent studies have highlighted that the biomechanical behavior of the upper airway cannot be simply predicted from electromyographic activity (electromyogram) of its muscles.
Shifting Attention to the Family Caregiver: The Neglected, Vulnerable, At-Risk Person Sitting at the Side of Your Patient and Struggling to Maintain their Own Health

Family caregivers are spouses, partners, family members, or friends who provide extraordinary uncompensated care yet are themselves a vulnerable and at-risk population, who must be recognized as “care recipients in their own right. ” This article shifts the attention of health care professionals to family caregivers. It moves family caregivers out of the shadow of the patient to more fully understand who they are, the burdens and benefits of care giving, how to communicate with family caregivers, the questions to be asked for a comprehensive family caregiver assessment, and emphasizes the need for the right type, the right time, and the right dose of interventions to lessen the negative health consequences of family caregiving and to promote and protect their health, well-being, and quality of life across the illness experience.
Alpha7 Beta1 Integrin changes in mdx mouse muscles after L-arginine administration

: Muscle . fibers attach to laminin in the basal lamina using two mechanisms, i.e., dystrophin with its associated proteins and α 7 β 1 integrin. In humans, gene-mutation defects in one member of these complexes result in muscular dystrophies. This study revealed changes after L-arginine treatment of utrophin-associated proteins and the α 7 β 1 integrin subunit in mdx mouse, a dystrophin-deficient animal model. In the two studied muscles (cardiac muscle and diaphragm), the α 7 β 1 integrin subunit was increased in 5-week-old treated mice. Interestingly, the diaphragm histopathological appearance was significantly improved by L-arginine administration. These results highlight a possible way to compensate for dystrophin deficiency via α 7 β 1 integrin.
Association Between SNPs in the One-Carbon Metabolism Pathway and the Risk of Female Breast Cancer in a Chinese Population

Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the one-carbon metabolism pathway ( MTR rs1805087; MTHFR rs1801133; ALDH1L1 rs2002287, rs2276731; DNMT1 rs16999593, rs2228611; DNMT3B rs2424908) and the risk of female breast cancer (BC) in a Chinese population. Methods: A population-based case–control study was conducted, involving a total of 439 BC patients and 439 age-matched healthy controls. We adopted Sequence MASSarray to identify genotyping, and used immunohistochemistry (IHC) to test the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) in tumor tissue. Results: We found that rs16999593 (TC/CC vs TT: adjusted OR=1.38, 95% CI: 1.03–1.84, p =0.030) was associated with an increased risk of BC, while rs2228611 was related to a decreased BC risk (GA/AA vs GG: adjusted OR=0.74, 95% CI: 0.56–0.97, p =0.030). In addition, stratified analysis revealed that DNMT1 rs16999593, rs2228611 and ALDH1L1 rs2002287 contributed to the risk of BC, with associations with ER, PR and HER-2 expression. Conclusion: In summary, this study revealed that DNMT1 rs16999593 and rs2228611 were associated with BC risk.
Resistance Exercise in Individuals With and Without Cardiovascular Disease

Position paper endorsed by the American College of Sports Medicine Although exercise programs have traditionally emphasized dynamic lower-extremity exercise, research increasingly suggests that complementary resistance training, when appropriately prescribed and supervised, has favorable effects on muscular strength and endurance, cardiovascular function, metabolism, coronary risk factors, and psychosocial well-being. This advisory reviews the role of resistance training in persons with and without cardiovascular disease, with specific reference to health and fitness benefits, rationale, the complementary role of stretching, relevant physiological considerations, and safety. Participation criteria and prescriptive guidelines are also provided. Although resistance training has long been accepted as a means for developing and maintaining muscular strength, endurance, power, and muscle mass (hypertrophy),1 2 its beneficial relationship to health factors and chronic disease has been recognized only recently.3 4 5 Prior to 1990, resistance training was not a part of the recommended guidelines for exercise training and rehabilitation for either the American Heart Association or the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM). In 1990, the ACSM first recognized resistance training as a significant component of a comprehensive fitness program for healthy adults of all ages.6 Both aerobic endurance exercise and resistance training can promote substantial benefits in physical fitness and health-related factors.3 5 Table 1⇓ summarizes these benefits and attempts to weigh them according to the current literature.3 Although both training modalities elicit benefits in most of the variables listed, the estimated weightings (ie, in terms of physiological benefits) are often substantially different. Aerobic endurance training weighs higher in the development of maximum oxygen uptake (Vo2max) and associated cardiopulmonary variables, and it more effectively modifies cardiovascular risk factors associated with the development of coronary artery disease. Resistance training offers greater development of muscular strength, endurance, and mass. It also assists in the …
Global on Technology Innovation As a Competitive Advantage and Corporate Social Responsibility I

Since the beginning of the 21st century there has been a significant change in the rules of the competitive global competition caused by the development of new technologies, changes in the functioning of social institutions and movements in the set of respected values. The paper is divided into two parts - Innovation as a competitive advantage and corporate social responsibility I, II, and it is dedicated to the changes that are induced by the high intensity of innovation activities of the participants involved in this competition and collaborating mostly in the targeted alliance - business eco-system. Innovation for the whole alliance becomes a source of otherwise inaccessible competitive advantages, and its implementation is yet to be substantially based on the business concept of the whole set of innovative activities. The competitiveness of organisations today is primarily in their ability to change their business model quickly and at the same time effectively align it with the fulfilment of social responsibility obligations.
Precipitation sensitivity to warming estimated from long island records

Some of the most damaging impacts of climate change are a consequence of changes to the global water cycle. Atmospheric warming causes the water cycle to intensify, increasing both atmospheric water vapor concentrations and global precipitation and enhancing existing patterns of precipitation minus evaporation ( P − E ) . This relationship between temperature and precipitation therefore makes understanding how precipitation has changed with global temperatures in the past crucial for projecting changes with future warming. In situ observations cannot readily estimate global precipitation sensitivity to temperature ( d P / d T ) , as land precipitation changes are affected by water limitation. Satellite observations of precipitation over ocean are only available after 1979, but studies based on them suggest a precipitation sensitivity over wet tropical ( 30N – 30S ) oceans that exceeds the Clausius – Clapeyron value. Here, we determine for the ﬁ rst time precipitation sensitivity using longer ( 1930 – 2005 ) , island-based in situ observations to estimate d P / d T over islands. The records show a robust pattern of increasing precipitation in the tropics and decreasing precipitation in the subtropics, as predicted from physical arguments, and heavy precipitation shows a stronger sensitivity than mean precipitation over many islands. The pattern and magnitude of island-based d P / d T agree with climate models if masked to island locations, supporting model predictions of future changes.
Gait identification using inertial sensors for control of adaptive knee orthosis device

Department of Vehicle Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, 1, Sec. 3, Chung-hsiao E. Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan 1Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan 2Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Medical University Hospital, 252 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan