Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design thinking for entrepreneurship: An explorative inquiry into its practical contributions

Abstract Design thinking (DT) is expanding its horizons across a variety of different domains. One of the early and debated contributions regarding DT addressed its relationship with the entrepreneurial field. Today, there are numerous contributions that design thinking can offer in the creation of new ventures. However, there are few examples in the literature that discuss the concrete impacts and benefits of adopting DT in this field, demonstrating it through entrepreneurial projects. This paper aims to explore practitioners’ experiences with the application of theories from design thinking inside an entrepreneurial context. The impacts of the learning and the relative application of the main design thinking principles are evaluated via a sample of 50 participants in an international summer academy that offered education on DT concepts and practices. Through this research, a deep understanding of how design thinking can contribute to entrepreneurship is provided, highlighting which specific DT abilities enable the development of entrepreneurial activity.
Partitions with parts in a finite set

Let A be a nonempty finite set of relatively prime positive integers, and let PA (n) denote the number of partitions of n with parts in A. An elementary arithmetic argument is used to prove the asymptotic formula PA((n) = (,A a) (k1)! + 0 (nk2)Let A be a nonempty set of positive integers. A partition of a positive integer n with parts in A is a representation of n as a sum of not necessarily distinct elements of A. Two partitions are considered the same if they differ only in the order of their summands. The partition function of the set A, denoted PA (n), counts the number of partitions of n with parts in A. If A is a finite set of positive integers with no common factor greater than 1, then every sufficiently large integer can be written as a sum of elements of A (see Nathanson [3] and Han, Kirfel, and Nathanson [2]), and so PA (n) > 1 for all n > no. In the special case that A is the set of the first k integers, it is known that nk-i PA(n) k! (k 1)! Erdos and Lehner [1] proved that this asymptotic formula holds uniformly for k = o(n1/3). If A is an arbitrary finite set of relatively prime positive integers, then PA (1 (k1)! ' (1) PA (2J \HalEAa) (kThe usual proof of this result (Netto [4], Polya-Szeg6 [5, Problem 27]) is based on the partial fraction decomposition of the generating function for PA(n). The purpose of this note is to give a simple, purely arithmetic proof of (1). We define PA(O) = 1. Theorem 1. Let A = {al,. , ak} be a set of k relatively prime positive integers, that is, gcd(A) = (a,,. , ak)=1. Received by the editors June 5, 1998. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 11P81; Secondary 05A17, 11B34.
Between two and three dimensions

One of the most glamorous aspects of monolayer films is their thinness, and another is their two dimensionality. These properties are not the same, of course, although it might seem that each implies the other. We know some monolayers that are not two dimensional, and some much thicker films that are nearly so. Even more confusing is that a film can be two dimensional and three dimensional—and some‐where in between—at the same time. A simple change of temperature can change a film's dimensionality.
The Erd\H{o}s-Selfridge and the Schinzel-Tijdeman theorems hold in $PA^-$

We show that "The product of consecutive integers is never a power" and several results by Schinzel and Tijdeman on the solutions of the equation $y^m=P(x)$, for $m>1$, $y>1$, and $P(x)$ a polynomial with rational coefficients and with at least two distinct zeros, hold in a weak fragment of Peano Arithmetic, $PA^-$, which lacks any kind of induction, and whose models are the positive cones of discretely ordered rings.
Interpretation of the cosmic microwave background radiation anisotropy detected by the COBE Differential Microwave Radiometer

The large-scale cosmic background anisotropy detected by the COBE Differential Microwave Radiometer (DMR) instrument is compared to the sensitive previous measurements on various angular scales, and to the predictions of a wide variety of models of structure formation driven by gravitational instability. The observed anisotropy is consistent with all previously measured upper limits and with a number of dynamical models of structure formation. For example, the data agree with an unbiased cold dark matter (CDM) model with H0 = 50 km/s Mpc and Delta-M/M = 1 in a 16 Mpc radius sphere. Other models, such as CDM plus massive neutrinos (hot dark matter (HDM)), or CDM with a nonzero cosmological constant are also consistent with the COBE detection and can provide the extra power seen on 5-10,000 km/s scales. 39 refs.
The evolution of death rates and life expectancy in Denmark

From 1835 to date Denmark has experienced an increase in life expectancy at birth of about 40 years for both sexes. Over the course of the last 170 years, life expectancy at birth has increased from 40 to 80 years for women and from 36 to 76 years for men, and it continues to rise. Using a new methodology, we show that about half of the total historic increase can be attributed to the sharp decline in infant and young age death rates up to 1950. However, life expectancy gains from 1950 to date can be primarily attributed to improvements in the age-specific death rates for the age group from 50 to 80, although there is also a noticeable contribution from the further decline in infant mortality over this period. With age-specific death rates up to age 60 now at a very low absolute level, substantial future life expectancy improvements must necessarily arise from improvements in age-specific death rates for ages 60 and above. Using the developed methodology, we quantify the impact of further reductions in age-specific mortality. Despite being one of countries with the highest life expectancy at the beginning of the 20th century, and despite the spectacular historic increase in life expectancy since then, Denmark is, in fact, lagging behind compared to many other countries, notably the other Nordic countries. The main reason is an alarming excess mortality for cause-specific death rates related to ischaemic heart diseases and, in particular, a number of cancer diseases. Age-specific death rates continue to improve in most countries, and a likely scenario is that in the future Denmark will experience improvement rates at the international level or perhaps even higher as a result of a catch-up effect.
Temporal Lorentzian spectral triples

We present the notion of temporal Lorentzian spectral triple which is an extension of the notion of pseudo-Riemannian spectral triple with a way to ensure that the signature of the metric is Lorentzian. A temporal Lorentzian spectral triple corresponds to a specific 3 + 1 decomposition of a possibly noncommutative Lorentzian space. This structure introduces a notion of global time in noncommutative geometry. As an example, we construct a temporal Lorentzian spectral triple over a Moyal–Minkowski spacetime. We show that, when time is commutative, the algebra can be extended to unbounded elements. Using such an extension, it is possible to define a Lorentzian distance formula between pure states with a well-defined noncommutative formulation.
Induced Dirac-Schr\"odinger operators on $S^1$-semi-free quotients

John Lott has computed an integer-valued signature for the orbit space of a compact orientable (4k+1) manifold with a semi-free S-action, which is a homotopy invariant of that space, but he did not construct a Dirac type operator which has this signature as its index. In this Thesis, we construct such operator on the orbit space, a Thom-Mather stratified space with one singular stratum of positive dimension, and we show that it is essentially unique and that its index coincides with Lott’s signature, at least when the stratified space satisfies the so called Witt condition. We call this operator the induced Dirac-Schrödinger operator. The strategy of the construction is to “push down” an appropriate S-invariant first order transversally elliptic operator to the quotient space. The Witt condition, a topological condition which in this case depends on the codimension of the fixed point set, has various analytic consequences. In particular, when not satisfied, the Hodge-de Rham operator on the quotient space does not need to be essentially self-adjoint and therefore a choice of boundary conditions is required. This choice freedom is not natural in view of the fact that Lott’s signature is well defined independently of the Witt condition. The Dirac-Schrödinger operator constructed in this Thesis differs from the Hodge-de Rham operator by a zero order term which ensures it to be essentially self-adjoint. Moreover, this zero order term anti-commutes with the chirality involution allowing the whole operator to split so that the index can be computed even if the Witt condition is not satisfied. Date: October 16, 2018. ar X iv :1 71 1. 04 19 6v 2 [ m at h. D G ] 1 0 Fe b 20 18
Maximizing graph probability under conditionally exponential models

Designing reliable networks consists in finding topological structures, which are able to successfully carry out desired processes and operations. When this set of activities performed within a network are unknown and the only available information is a probabilistic model reflecting topological network features, highly probable networks are regarded as "reliable", in the sense of being consistent with those probabilistic model. In this paper we are studying the reliability maximization, based on the Exponential Random Graph Model (ERGM), whose statistical properties has been widely used to capture complex topological feature of real-world networks. Under such models the probability of a network is maximized when specified structural properties appear in the network. However, the search of maximally reliable (highly probable) networks might result in difficult combinatorial optimization problems and an important goal of this work is to translate them into solvable systems of linear constraints. Analytical and numerical results are provided, using exact optimization techniques and efficient computer implementation.
The classification of countable models of set theory

We study the complexity of the classification problem for countable models of set theory ( ZFC ). We prove that the classification of arbitrary countable models of ZFC is Borel complete, meaning that it is as complex as it can conceivably be. We then give partial results concerning the classification of countable well‐founded models of ZFC .
Modal translation of substructural logics

ABSTRACT In an article dating back in 1992, Kosta Došen initiated a project of modal translations in substructural logics, aiming at generalising the well-known Gödel–McKinsey–Tarski translation of intuitionistic logic into S4. Došen's translation worked well for (variants of) BCI and stronger systems (BCW, BCK), but not for systems below BCI. Dropping structural rules results in logic systems without distribution. In this article, we show, via translation, that every substructural (indeed, every non-distributive) logic is a fragment of a corresponding sorted, residuated (multi) modal logic. At the conceptual and philosophical level, the translation provides a classical interpretation of the meaning of the logical operators of various non-distributive propositional calculi. Technically, it allows for an effortless transfer of results, such as compactness and the Löwenheim-Skolem property and it opens up new directions for deducing properties of substructural logic systems by establishing appropriate transfer theorems.
Trends for U.S. catfish and swai products in retail markets

Abstract Farm-raised catfish is the largest U.S. aquaculture industry. Over the years, the ingenuity of catfish processors has made catfish products available all over the U.S. including globally competitive retail marketplaces. U.S catfish products face stiff competition from Vietnamese swai products in these diverse markets. This work elucidates the detailed nascent retail trends for U.S. catfish and swai products by evaluating weekly, store-based, AC Nielsen ScanTrack data from September 2016 through August 2021. The five-year analysis compares retail sales of U.S. catfish and swai products across national, regional, and city levels while providing key trends in product forms, quantities sold, promotional patterns, and price information. Results indicated an average annual growth rate of retail sales of 5.8% for U.S. catfish and 0.7% for swai. The South Central region had the greatest total retail sales for both U.S. catfish and swai products. Dallas/Fort Worth had the greatest total retail seafood sales for U.S. catfish products, followed by Chicago and St. Louis. Los Angeles was the most important city for retail swai sales. The 454-g U.S. catfish packs had a share of 77 and 68% in terms of volume and revenue while the same pack for swai had 48 and 28% volume and revenue shares. Frozen and refrigerated products dominated sales for both products in 2021. Swai products were characteristically priced lower than U.S. catfish products across all regions, cities, and study years, especially for larger packs. The study revealed the shift to increase at-home consumption of these two products during the pandemic years that have been reported for other seafood products.
Computational Analysis of Triazole-Based Kojic Acid Analogs as Tyrosinase Inhibitors by Molecular Dynamics and Free Energy Calculations

Molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and the linear interaction energy (LIE) method were used here to predict binding modes and free energy for a set of 1,2,3-triazole-based KA analogs as potent inhibitors of Tyrosinase (TYR), a key metalloenzyme of the melanogenesis process. Initially, molecular docking calculations satisfactorily predicted the binding mode of evaluated KA analogs, where the KA part overlays the crystal conformation of the KA inhibitor into the catalytic site of TYR. The MD simulations were followed by the LIE method, which reproduced the experimental binding free energies for KA analogs with an r2 equal to 0.97, suggesting the robustness of our theoretical model. Moreover, the van der Waals contributions performed by some residues such as Phe197, Pro201, Arg209, Met215 and Val218 are responsible for the binding recognition of 1,2,3-triazole-based KA analogs in TYR catalytic site. Finally, our calculations provide suitable validation of the combination of molecular docking, MD, and LIE approaches as a powerful tool in the structure-based drug design of new and potent TYR inhibitors.
On a topological version of Pach's overlap theorem

Pach showed that every d+1 sets of points Q1,…,Qd+1⊂Rd contain linearly sized subsets Pi⊂Qi such that all the transversal simplices that they span intersect. We show, by means of an example, that a topological extension of Pach's theorem does not hold with subsets of size C(logn)1/(d−1) . We show that this is tight in dimension 2, for all surfaces other than S2 . Surprisingly, the optimal bound for S2 in the topological version of Pach's theorem is of the order (logn)1/2 . We conjecture that, among higher dimensional manifolds, spheres are similarly distinguished. This improves upon the results of Bárány, Meshulam, Nevo and Tancer.
On Betti Numbers of Milnor Fiber of Hyperplane Arrangements

Let $\mathcal{A}$ be a central hyperplane arrangement in $\mathbb{C}^{n+1}$ and $H_i,i=1,2,. ,d$ be the defining equations of the hyperplanes of $\mathcal{A}$. Let $f=\prod_i H_i$. There is a global Milnor fibration $F\hookrightarrow \mathbb{C}^{n+1} \setminus \mathcal{A} \xrightarrow{f} \mathbb{C}^*,$ where $F$ is called the Milnor fiber and can be identified as the affine hypersurface $f=1$ in $\mathbb{C}^{n+1}$. Many open questions have been raised subject to $F$. In particular, it has been conjectured that the integral homology, or the characteristic polynomial, hence the Betti numbers, of $F$ are also determined by the intersection lattice $L(\mathcal{A})$. In this paper, we find a combinatorial upper bound for the first the characteristic polynomial of the Milnor fiber for central hyperplane arrangements, which improves existing results in the study. As a corollary, we obtain a combinatorial obstruction for trivial algebraic monodromy of the first homology of Milnor fiber. Calculations and comparisons to known examples computed using Fox calculus will be provided.
SOME REMARKS ON A CHARACTERIZATION OF THE GENERALIZED LOG-LOGISTIC DISTRIBUTION

We show that two well known characterization theorems for the exponential distribution, based on the lack of memory property and independence of successive spacings, can be used to characterize other absolutely continuous distributions useful in modelling precipitation and stream-flow data. Characterization of the generalized log-logistic distributions of El-Saidi et al. (Environmetrics1, 337–342, 1990) can easily be derived from the results presented in this paper. New characterizations of these distributions, in terms of independence of certain functions of order statistics, are also given.
On the distribution of maximal gaps between primes in residue classes.

Let $q>r\ge1$ be coprime positive integers. We empirically study the maximal gaps $G_{q,r}(x)$ between primes $p=qn+r\le x$, $n\in{\mathbb N}$. Extensive computations suggest that almost always $G_{q,r}(x)<\varphi(q)\log^2x$. More precisely, the vast majority of maximal gaps are near a trend curve $T$ predicted using a generalization of Wolf's conjecture: $$G_{q,r}(x) ~\sim~ T(q,x)={\varphi(q)x\over{\rm li}(x)} \Big(2\log{{\rm li}(x)\over\varphi(q)} - \log x + b\Big),$$ where $b = b(q,x) = O_q(1)$. The distribution of properly rescaled maximal gaps $G_{q,r}(x)$ is close to the Gumbel extreme value distribution. However, the question whether there exists a limiting distribution of $G_{q,r}(x)$ is open. We discuss possible generalizations of Cramer's, Shanks, and Firoozbakht's conjectures to primes in residue classes.
The space of initial conditions and the property of an almost good reduction in discrete Painlevé II equations over finite fields

We investigate the discrete Painlevé equations (dPII and qPII) over finite fields. We first show that they are well defined by extending the domain according to the theory of the space of initial conditions. Then we treat them over local fields and observe that they have a property that is similar to the good reduction of dynamical systems over finite fields. We can use this property, which can be interpreted as an arithmetic analogue of singularity confinement, to avoid the indeterminacy of the equations over finite fields and to obtain special solutions from those defined originally over fields of characteristic zero.
Metal contacts in carbon nanotube field-effect transistors: Beyond the Schottky barrier paradigm

Received 11 October 2007; revised manuscript received 8 November 2007; published 12 March 2008The observed performances of carbon nanotube ﬁeld-effect transistors are examined using ﬁrst-principlesquantum transport calculations. We focus on the nature and role of the electrical contact of Au and Pdelectrodes to open-ended semiconducting nanotubes, allowing the chemical contact at the surface to fullydevelop through large-scale relaxation of the contacting atomic conﬁguration. As expected from their respec-tive work functions, the Schottky barrier heights forAu and Pd turn out to be fairly similar for realistic contactmodels. We present, however, direct numerical evidence of Pd contacts exhibiting perfect transparency for holeinjection as opposed to that of Au contacts. These ﬁndings support experimental data reported to date.DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.77. 113403 PACS number s : 73.63. Fg, 73.40. Sx
Hermitian non-K\"{a}hler structures on products of principal $S^{1}$-bundles over complex flag manifolds and applications in Hermitian geometry with torsion.

In this paper we provide an explicit description of normal almost contact structures obtained from Cartan-Ehresmann connections (gauge fields) on principal $S^{1}$-bundles over complex flag manifolds. The main feature of our approach is to employ elements of representation theory of complex simple Lie algebras in order to describe and classify these structures. We use these normal almost contact structures to explicitly describe a huge class of compact Hermitian non-K\"{a}hler manifolds obtained from products of principal $S^{1}$-bundles over complex flag manifolds. Moreover, we obtain from our description several concrete examples of 1-parametric families of complex structures on products of principal $S^{1}$-bundles over flag manifolds, these concrete examples generalize the Calabi-Eckmann manifolds. Further, as an application of our main results in the setting of KT structures on toric bundles over flag manifolds, we classify a huge class of explicit examples of Calabi-Yau structures with torsion (CYT) on certain Vaisman manifolds (generalized Hopf manifolds). Also as an application of our main results, we provide several new concrete examples of astheno-K\"{a}hler structures on products of compact homogeneous Sasaki manifolds.
Observability conditions of Boolean control networks

Observability is a basic, yet challenging, issue when studying Boolean control networks (BCNs). Recently, a criterion for observability of controllable BCNs was proposed by using the algebraic representation of logical dynamics based on the technique of the semi‐tensor product of matrices. In this paper, we present new necessary and sufficient conditions guaranteeing observability of a BCN without preassuming its controllability. The conditions are hence more general. Some examples are worked out to illustrate the obtained results. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiple Beam Modulation and Direction-Finding Transmitted by Square-Corner Antenna

In ordinary communication systems, modulation signal is identical in the beam. But this paper presents a new technique of multiple beam modulation to transmit data and azimuth information, so that the receiver with only an antenna can perform communication and direction-finding from demodulating signals. In addition, the transmit systems have a matching networks to dispel the mutual coupling among antenna elements. An algorithm of estimation azimuth angle was also developed on the basis of the multiple value resolution. The performances of the bit error rate and direction-finding in a Gaussian channel were investigated.
EXISTENCE OF QUASI-STATIONARY DISTRIBUTIONS. A RENEWAL DYNAMICAL APPROACH

We consider Markov processes on the positive integers for which the origin is an absorbing state. Quasi-stationary distributions (qsd's) are described as fixed points of a transformation Φ in the space of probability measures. Under the assumption that the absorption time at the origin, R, of the process starting from state x goes to infinity in probability as x → ∞, we show that the existence of a qsd is equivalent to E x e λR < ∞ for some positive A and x. We also prove that a subsequence of Φ n δ x converges to a minimal qsd. For a birth and death process we prove that Φ n δ x converges along the full sequence to the minimal qsd. The method is based on the study of the renewal process with interarrival times distributed as the absorption time of the Markov process with a given initial measure μ. The key tool is the fact that the residual time in that renewal process has as stationary distribution the distribution of the absorption time of Φμ.