Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Printable and Wearable Graphene-Based Strain Sensor With High Sensitivity for Human Motion Monitoring

Wearable strain sensors are appealing for monitoring human activities and evaluating human health. However, the development of wearable strain sensors with high sensitivity, large-scale manufacturing ability as well as the using of eco-friendly raw materials is still challenging. In this work, a simple and environmentally friendly high-performance strain sensor based on graphene/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composite is reported. The green solvent dihydrolevoglucosenone (Cyrene) was used to dissolve and disperse TPU and graphene to make conductive ink, and the graphene/TPU composite film was embedded in the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix by stencil printing and transfer process. The optimized sensor showed a very low detection limit (strain $\sim ~0.1~\unicode{0x2030}$ ), high sensitivity (GF >3905) and broad sensing range (0 - 82.4 %). Moreover, the sensor remains stable under 5,000 times of loading/unloading cycles, with outstanding fatigue resistance and long-term durability. Additionally, a series of human motion monitoring applications were demonstrated, indicating their great potential in practical applications.
Power electronics‐interfaced cyber‐physical power systems: A review on modeling, simulation, and cybersecurity

We present the review of two interlinked challenges in modern electric power systems: the transformation to a cyber‐physical system, and the integration of power electronics‐interfaced renewables. Electric power systems are being modernized with the integration of power electronics‐interfaced devices (PEID) and communication‐enabled cyber‐applications. This paper reviews the concepts, studies, and testbeds for cyber‐physical power systems (CPPS), as well as the modeling of power electronics‐based devices for physical power system stability simulations. The CPPS concept is introduced in the National Institute of Standard Technology framework for cyber‐physical systems, with an emphasis on CPPS subsystems. For the physical subsystem, PEID components are generalized into the primary source and the grid interface, while controllers are generalized as a reference generator and a reference tracker. Next, the cybersecurity research objectives are summarized, followed by a categorization of CPPS studies. Further, testbed techniques for integrating communication networks with power system simulation are reviewed. Also, challenges and future directions in the area of CPPS are discussed.
Attention-Guided Feature Extraction and Multiscale Feature Fusion 3D ResNet for Automated Pulmonary Nodule Detection

Automatic detection of pulmonary nodules is critical for the early diagnosis and prevention of lung cancer. Computed tomography (CT) is an effective and economical lung cancer detection method. In CT images, the size and shape of pulmonary nodules appear different, and some nodules appear similar to the surrounding tissues. Therefore, the automatic localization of pulmonary nodules in CT images is a challenging task. An attention-embedded three-dimensional convolutional neural network is proposed for pulmonary nodule detection in the current study. Specifically, 1) channel-spatial attention guides 3D ResNet to down sample the input 3D CT patch. The channel pays attention to important features and the space to the region of interest. The two form a complementary feature extraction mechanism to effectively help the global flow of information in the network and refine the feature mapping to extract the nodule context features. 2) The channel-spatial attention module changes the fusion model of the feature pyramid, adaptively adjusts the pixel-level weight between features and extracts multi-scale representative node features. 3) The deep separable convolution is used to replace the standard convolution of ResNet, reducing the time cost and improving the efficiency of model training on the premise of ensuring the model’s performance. 4) To adapt the distribution of nodule scale, different characteristic layers correspond to two sizes of anchors. Under the condition of ensuring the detection rate of nodules, the number of anchor frames is reduced, and the network sensitivity is improved. Finally, several ablation experiments are carried out using the LUNA16 dataset. The results revealed that the attention-guided network could extract the multi-scale representative features of nodules, and the average sensitivity was 97.7%. Additionally, the CMP score reached 0.912. The extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach can effectively improve the detection sensitivity and control the number of false positive nodules, which has clinical application value and a certain reference value.
Designing Quality Improvement and Economical Production Quantity: Application of Material Flow Cost Accounting and Cost of Quality

Material flow cost accounting technique is a technique used to analyze environmental costs for the purpose of identifying costs in two parts: positive cost and negative cost. Which will be an indicator of the efficiency of the production process Because it affects the quality of products delivered to customers and customer satisfaction. There are also techniques. MFCA is used in conjunction with Cost of quality techniques to increase the confidence that products that are going out of the production process will have good performance. For the use of the design of the production process, find the size of the lot. Proportion of waste in production lot and number of shipments. The objective of the optimization problem is the maximum ratio of positive product cost to total cost (PC/TC). The researcher uses particle swarm optimization techniques to find the answer. which is the size of the product lot size, Number of product lot shipments and Proportion of waste in production lot in a serial multi-stage process. the results of MFCA analysis showed that the highest portion of negative product cost was material accounting for 53.29% and following by System cost of 4.75% comparing with the total product cost.
Stress average rule derived through the principle of virtual power

Stress and strain average rules are the key conceptual pillars of the wide field of continuum micromechanics of materials. The aforementioned rules express that the spatial average of (micro‐)stress and (micro‐)strain fields throughout a microscopically finite representative volume element (RVE) are equal to the (macro‐)stress and (macro‐)strain values associated with the corresponding macroscopically infinitesimal volume element (macroscopic material point). According to the famous contribution of Hashin, stress and strain average rules are derived from equilibrium and compatibility conditions, together with (micro‐)displacement and (micro‐)traction boundary conditions associated with homogeneous (macro‐)strains and (macro‐)stresses, respectively. However, as, strictly speaking, only displacements or tractions can be described at the boundary, the remaining average rule turns out as a mere definition. We here suggest a way to do without such a definition, by resorting to the principle of virtual power (PVP) as a means to guarantee mechanical equilibrium: at the boundary of the RVE, we prescribe virtual (micro‐)velocities, which are linked to arbitrary, but homogeneous virtual (macro‐)velocities and (macro‐)strain rates, while the latter are also linked, in a multilinear fashion, with the microscopic virtual strain rate fields inside the RVE. Considering, under these conditions, equivalence of the macroscopic and the microscopic expressions for the virtual power densities of the internal and the external forces yields the well‐known stress average rule and, in case of microscopically uniform force fields, a volume force average rule. The same strategy applied to an RVE hosting single forces between atomistic mass points, readily yields the macroscopic “internal virial stress tensor. ”
Measuring Consumers’ Perceived Bias of the Safety Risk of Domestic Infant Formula with Principal Component Analysis and Multidimensional Model

There is a large bias between consumers’ perception of food safety risks and the actual state of food safety. Accurate measurements of consumers’ perceived bias of food safety risk provide a scientific basis for the government to improve food safety risk communication measures. Based on the random sample of 559 consumers obtained by the scenario simulation experiment on domestic infant formula, consumers’ perceived bias of the safety risk of domestic infant formula was accurately measured with a principal component analysis and a multidimensional model. The results show that consumers’ perceived bias of the safety risk of domestic infant formula includes physical-performance risk, financial-time risk, and psychological risk. The physical-performance risk perception bias is the highest, followed by psychological risk perception bias and financial-time risk perception bias. There are significant differences in the perception bias of the safety risk of domestic infant formula among consumers with different demographic characteristics. The Chinese government could adjust consumers’ perceived bias of the food safety risk by establishing a food safety risk communication mechanism, strengthening the popularization of food safety knowledge, and preventing and managing food safety rumors.
Time Resolution Improvement Using Dual Delay Lines for Field-Programmable-Gate-Array-Based Time-to-Digital Converters with Real-Time Calibration

This paper presents a time-to-digital converter (TDC) based on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) with a tapped delay line (TDL) architecture. This converter employs dual delay lines (DDLs) to enable real-time calibrations, and the proposed DDL-TDC measures the statistical distribution of delays to permit the calibration of nonuniform delay cells in FPGA-based TDC designs. DDLs are also used to set up alternate calibrations, thus enabling environmental effects to be immediately accounted for. Experimental results revealed that relative to a conventional TDL-TDC, the proposed DDL-TDC reduced the maximum differential nonlinearity by 26% and the integral nonlinearity by 30%. A root-mean-squared value of 32 ps was measured by inputting the constant delay source into the proposed DDL-TDC. The proposed scheme also maintained excellent linearity across a range of temperatures.
Association between Bar Closing Time, Alcohol Use Disorders and Blood Alcohol Concentration: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study of Nightlife-Goers in Perth, Australia

Introduction and aims: Associations between bar trading hours, a government lever for controlling alcohol availability, nightlife-goer intoxication levels and their likelihood of alcohol use disorder (AUD) have not been explored. We investigated whether: (i) participant AUD was associated with blood alcohol concentration (BAC); and, (ii) any association between AUD and BAC was moderated by participant preferred bar (i.e., venue spent most time at) closing time. Design and methods: A cross-sectional observational study using a sample of nightlife-goers who went out drinking in Perth, Western Australia, on weekends in 2015-16. Participants who reported alcohol use that night and spent most time in a bar (n = 667) completed street intercept surveys including AUDIT-C (n = 459) and provided a breath sample to estimate BAC (n = 651). We used gender-specific multinomial logistic regression models to explore associations between participant AUDIT-C score (1–4, lower risk; 5–7, hazardous; 8–12, active AUD), preferred bar type (standard vs. late closing time based on absence or presence of an extended trading permit) and BAC (male: 0–0.049, 0.05–0.099, ≥0.1 g/100 mL; female: 0–0.049, 0.05–0.079, ≥0.08 g/100 mL). Results: Males with active AUD (RR = 3.31; 95% CI 1.30–8.42; p = 0.01) and females with hazardous/active AUD (RR = 9.75; 95% CI 2.78–34.21; p < 0.001) were both more likely to have high-range BAC than their counterparts typically drinking at lower risk. We also found preferred bar type moderated the association between AUDIT-C score and BAC for some males but no females. Males with active AUD and high-range BAC were less likely to prefer late closing bars than males usually drinking at lower risk and high-range BAC (RR = 0.12; 95% CI 0.02–0.96; p = 0.046). Discussion and conclusions: Our study provides evidence of positive associations between AUD and acute intoxication among nightlife-goers and on the moderating effect of bar closing times among males.
Improved Voltage Drop Compensation Method for Hybrid Fuel Cell Battery System

In this paper, a voltage drop compensation method for hybrid hydrogen fuel cell battery system, with a hydrogen recirculation powering a forklift, is studied. During recirculating hydrogen fuel to recycle hydrogen that has not reacted enough at the system, impurities can be mixed with the hydrogen fuel. This leads to low hydrogen concentration and a drop in the output voltage of the fuel cell system. In excessive voltage drop, the fuel cell system can be shutdown. This paper proposes a voltage drop compensation method using an electrical control algorithm to prevent system shutdown by reducing voltage drop. Technically, voltage drop is typically caused by three kinds of factors: (1) The amount of pure hydrogen supply; (2) the temperature of fuel cell stacks; and (3) the current density to catalysts of the fuel cell. The proposed compensation method detects voltage drop caused by those factors, and generates compensation signals for a controller of a DC–DC converter connecting to the output of the fuel cell stack; thus, the voltage drop is reduced by decreasing output current. At the time, insufficient output current to a load is supplied from the batteries. In this paper, voltage drop caused by the abovementioned three factors is analyzed, and the operating principle of the proposed compensation method is specified. To verify this operation and the feasibility of the proposed method, experiments are conducted by applying it to a 10 kW hybrid fuel cell battery system for a forklift.
Transfer pricing and channel structure of a multinational firm under overseas retail disruption risk

Considering a chain-to-chain competition model, we formulate a new multinational firm's (MNF's) trade-off between global tax-planning gains (via transfer pricing) and channel decentralisation loss. In the presence of an established MNF's competition, it is optional for the new MNF to operate two divisions (one for domestic manufacturing and one for overseas retailing) or one integrated division selling products to an independent overseas retailer at a wholesale price. For the former, we characterise the new MNF's transfer pricing strategies and find that interestingly, MNFs might both keep profits in high-tax region due to the tense competition in the retailing stage. For the latter, we find that the new MNF's channel decentralisation via wholesaling can be a win–win situation for the established MNF and itself, when the new MNF's overseas retail cost is in a moderate range. We further examine the new MNF's overseas retail disruption risk and find that, this risk drives the new MNF to lower the transfer price sharply and intensifies the retail competition. We use contraction mapping argument to show the uniqueness of the system equilibrium.
Emerging Polymer Materials in Trackable Endovascular Embolization and Cell Delivery: From Hype to Hope

Minimally invasive endovascular embolization is a widely used clinical technique used for the occlusion of blood vessels to treat various diseases. Different occlusive agents ranging from gelatin foam to synthetic polymers such as poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) have been commercially used for embolization. However, these agents have some drawbacks, such as undesired toxicity and unintended and uncontrolled occlusion. To overcome these issues, several polymer-based embolic systems are under investigation including biocompatible and biodegradable microspheres, gelling liquid embolic with controlled occlusive features, and trackable microspheres with enhanced safety profiles. This review aims to summarize recent advances in current and emerging polymeric materials as embolization agents with varying material architectures. Furthermore, this review also explores the potential of combining injectable embolic agents and cell therapy to achieve more effective embolization with the promise of outstanding results in treating various devastating diseases. Finally, limitations and challenges in developing next-generation multifunctional embolic agents are discussed to promote advancement in this emerging field.
Single-Inductor Dual-Output DC–DC Converter With Capability of Feeding a Constant Power Load in Open-Loop Manner

In this paper, a single-inductor dual-output (SIDO) dc–dc converter is proposed. The significant feature of the proposed converter is feeding a constant power load in low-voltage side (LVS) port, where even feeding a variable load at LVS does not have any cross regulation to high-voltage side port with the desired approximation. Magnificently, both merits are obtained in open-loop manner, which is an outstanding characteristic in comparison with that of the existed converters. In this paper, soft commutation and soft switching of switches and diodes are investigated along with the aforementioned main novelty. Moreover, detailed theoretical analyses of the proposed SIDO dc–dc converter in continuous conduction mode are presented besides the comparisons with some other structures. Finally, theoretical analyses are verified through a 1500 W experimental prototype results.
Dietary Factors, Time of the Week, Physical Fitness and Saliva Cortisol: Their Modulatory Effect on Mental Distress and Mood

Background: The purpose of the study was to assess the effect of diet quality and physical fitness on saliva cortisol, mood, and mental distress. These relationships were compared between a peak weekday (Wednesday) and a weekend day (Saturday) when mood may fluctuate. Methods: Forty-eight healthy college students participated in the study. Participants completed the Mood and Anxiety Symptom (MASQ) and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale 10 questionnaires on Wednesday and Saturday and recorded their diet for three days. Saliva was collected before and after a workout for cortisol extraction. Results: SA had significantly higher saliva cortisol levels post-workout but lower MASQ scores on Saturday (p < 0.05). There was a very significant association between MASQ scores on Wednesday (p = 0.005), which became less significant on Saturday. In addition, lower BMI values and high-fat consumption were associated with higher cortisol levels after exercise (p < 0.05). Conclusions: There is a strong link between dietary factors, cortisol levels, mood, and time of the week. In addition, our results suggest that saliva cortisol levels may not be directly linked to negative affect but are influenced by diet quality when mental distress exists. In addition, physical fitness may play a role in improving mood during weekends.
A Radiation-Hardened Instrumentation Amplifier for Sensor Readout Integrated Circuits in Nuclear Fusion Applications

A nuclear fusion reactor requires a radiation-hardened sensor readout integrated circuit (IC), whose operation should be tolerant against harsh radiation effects up to MGy or higher. This paper proposes radiation-hardening circuit design techniques for an instrumentation amplifier (IA), which is one of the most sensitive circuits in the sensor readout IC. The paper studied design considerations for choosing the IA topology for radiation environments and proposes a radiation-hardened IA structure with total-ionizing-dose (TID) effect monitoring and adaptive reference control functions. The radiation-hardened performance of the proposed IA was verified through model-based circuit simulations by using compact transistor models that reflected the TID effects into complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) parameters. The proposed IA was designed with the 65 nm standard CMOS process and provides adjustable voltage gain between 3 and 15, bandwidth up to 400 kHz, and power consumption of 34.6 μW, while maintaining a stable performance over TID effects up to 1 MGy.
Association of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration with Breast Cancer Risk in Postmenopausal Women in the US

The association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration and breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women is not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between serum 25(OH)D concentration and breast cancer in postmenopausal women in the United States using nationally representative sample surveys. We used the data from seven cycles of National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 2001 to 2014. Participants were non-institutionalized postmenopausal women (n = 8108). In restricted cubic spline analysis, a significant, nonlinear, invert ‘U’ relationship was observed between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and breast cancer in postmenopausal women (p = 0.029). Overall, breast cancer risk was highest (OR = 1.5) between 70 nmol/L and 80 nmol/L of serum 25(OH)D concentration. Then after serum 25(OH)D 80 nmol/L concentration, the breast cancer risk declined. In multivariate-adjusted logistic regression, the risk of having breast cancer was significantly higher in serum 25(OH)D 75–˂100 nmol/L category compared to the 25(OH)D < 30 nmol/L category [OR and 95% CI: 2.4 (1.4–4.0)]. In conclusion, serum vitamin D concentrations ≥ 100 nmol/L are associated with reduced risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Controlled trials are required to verify if serum 25(OH)D ≥ 100 nmol/L offers protection against breast cancer in postmenopausal women.
A Review of Extraction Techniques and Food Applications of Flaxseed Mucilage

Flaxseed contains significant concentration of mucilage or gum (a type of hydrocolloid). Flaxseed mucilage (FM) predominantly occurs in the outermost layer of the seed’s hull and is known to possess numerous health benefits such as delayed gastric emptying, reduced serum cholesterol, and improved glycemic control. FM is typically composed of an arabinoxylan (neutral in nature) and a pectic-like material (acidic in nature). Similar to gum arabic, FM exhibits good water-binding capacity and rheological properties (similar functionality); therefore, FM can be used as its replacement in foods. In this review, an overview of methods used for FM extraction and factors influencing the extraction yield were discussed initially. Thereafter, food applications of FM as gelling agent/gel-strengthening agent, structure-forming agent, stabilizing agent, fat replacer, anti-retrogradation agent, prebiotic, encapsulating agent, edible coatings and films/food packaging material, and emulsifier/emulsion stabilizer were included. At the end, some limitations to its wide application and potential solutions were added.