Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Forest operations, tree species composition and decline in rainfall explain runoff changes in the Nacimiento experimental catchments, south central Chile

Few long‐term studies have explored how intensively managed short rotation forest plantations interact with climate variability. We examine how prolonged severe drought and forest operations affect runoff in 11 experimental catchments on private corporate forest land near Nacimiento in south central Chile over the period 2008–2019. The catchments (7.7–414 ha) contain forest plantations of exotic fast‐growing species (Pinus radiata, Eucalyptus spp.) at various stages of growth in a Mediterranean climate (mean long‐term annual rainfall = 1381 mm). Since 2010, a drought, unprecedented in recent history, has reduced rainfall at Nacimiento by 20%, relative to the long‐term mean. Pre‐drought runoff ratios were <0.2 under 8‐year‐old Eucalyptus; >0.4 under 21‐year‐old Radiata pine and >0.8 where herbicide treatments had controlled vegetation for 2 years in 38% of the catchment area. Early in the study period, clearcutting of Radiata pine (85%–95% of catchment area) increased streamflow by 150 mm as compared with the year before harvest, while clearcutting and partial cuts of Eucalyptus did not increase streamflow. During 2008–2019, the combination of emerging drought and forestry treatments (replanting with Eucalyptus after clearcutting of Radiata pine and Eucalyptus) reduced streamflow by 400–500 mm, and regeneration of previously herbicide‐treated vegetation combined with growth of Eucalyptus plantations reduced streamflow by 1125 mm (87% of mean annual precipitation 2010–2019). These results from one of the most comprehensive forest catchment studies in the world on private industrial forest land indicate that multiple decades of forest management have reduced deep soil moisture reservoirs. This effect has been exacerbated by drought and conversion from Radiata pine to Eucalyptus, apparently largely eliminating subsurface supply to streamflow. The findings reveal tradeoffs between wood production and water supply, provide lessons for adapting forest management to the projected future drier climate in Chile, and underscore the need for continued experimental work in managed forest plantations.
A review of the phytochemical compounds and pharmacological activities of Eurycoma longifolia

Eurycoma longifolia belongs to Simaroubaceae family. It is a tall tree and has different local name from many countries and this review consisted of their traditional usage, phytochemical compounds and pharmacological activity. A systematic review was conducted to study the scientific work of E. longifolia which published in the last 10 years and minimum 20 articles that published in the last 2 years, published in Pubmed, Scopus etc. also has a digital object identifier (DOI). E. longifolia was a popular traditional medicine. The leaves wasused as supplement for giving birth, its bark as anthelmintic and its roots as antimalaria, laxative, antidiabetic etc.Due to high demand of this plant there are various formula of E. longifolia available in health food market. Many studies have been performed to determine the active constituents and pharmacology activities of E. longifolia. Alkaloid, quassinoid, polyphenols, flavonoid, polysaccharide, triterpenoid were found in E. longifolia. Quassinoids is a major phytochemical compound in E. longifolia which has various types like eurycumanone, eurycomanol, eurycomadilactone and eurylactone. Quassinoids has bitter taste and often found in Simaroubaceae family.Pharmacological activities of E. longifolia such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti-osteoporotic activities. The literature review results showed that E. longifolia can be considered as medicinal plant for human. In the future, further studies on mechanism of pharmacology activity of E. longifolia are warranted.
Periodic supply vessel planning under demand and weather uncertainty

Abstract We solve a periodic supply vessel planning problem under demand and weather uncertainty, arising in offshore of oil and gas production. Our study is motivated by the case of the Norwegian energy operator Equinor which supplied us with data. The aim is to determine an optimal fleet composition and a least-cost vessel schedule under uncertain demand at the installations and uncertain weather conditions. We present a methodology incorporating a metaheuristic within a discrete-event simulation model which, applied iteratively for the increasing values of reliability level parameters, yields a vessel schedule of least expected cost.
The Curve Estimation of Combined Truncated Spline and Fourier Series Estimators for Multiresponse Nonparametric Regression

Nonparametric regression becomes a potential solution if the parametric regression assumption is too restrictive while the regression curve is assumed to be known. In multivariable nonparametric regression, the pattern of each predictor variable’s relationship with the response variable is not always the same; thus, a combined estimator is recommended. In addition, regression modeling sometimes involves more than one response, i.e., multiresponse situations. Therefore, we propose a new estimation method of performing multiresponse nonparametric regression with a combined estimator. The objective is to estimate the regression curve using combined truncated spline and Fourier series estimators for multiresponse nonparametric regression. The regression curve estimation of the proposed model is obtained via two-stage estimation: (1) penalized weighted least square and (2) weighted least square. Simulation data with sample size variation and different error variance were applied, where the best model satisfied the result through a large sample with small variance. Additionally, the application of the regression curve estimation to a real dataset of human development index indicators in East Java Province, Indonesia, showed that the proposed model had better performance than uncombined estimators. Moreover, an adequate coefficient of determination of the best model indicated that the proposed model successfully explained the data variation.
Fatigue reliability evaluation of aging prestressed concrete bridge accounting for stochastic traffic loading and resistance degradation

Fatigue damage accumulation is a critical factor resulting in the failure of prestressed concrete (PC) bridges. The fatigue damage is usually caused by the coupled effect of cyclic vehicle loading and environmental corrosion. This study investigated probabilistic fatigue damage on aging PC bridges considering both stochastic traffic loading and corrosion. A stochastic traffic model was derived based on long-term monitoring data aiming to simulate fatigue stress spectra of critical rebar. The effect of cracks on the fatigue stress spectra was investigated in order to model the fatigue stress state more realistically. A three-stage traffic growth model was established based on traffic volume histories of three highways in China. A fatigue limit state function considering traffic growth and corrosion effect was deduced for fatigue reliability assessment of PC bridges. Numerical results show that the stress amplitude of rebar considering cracks is 1.53 times greater than the rebar with no-cracks, resulting in a decrease of fatigue life by 68 years. In addition, the three-stage traffic growth models lead to 25 years shorter fatigue life than the one considering a linear traffic growth model. Finally, the corrosion effect results in a fatigue life of 44 years. The numerical results provide a theoretical basis for fatigue life estimation and maintenance of aging PC bridges.
Separation of Hydrocarbons by Means of Liquid-Liquid Extraction with Deep Eutectic Solvents

Abstract Liquid-liquid equilibria for six ternary systems with choline chloride urea or choline chloride glycerol (molar ratio, 1:2) as selective solvent were experimentally determined at atmospheric pressure and 25°C. Equilibrium data were presented with tie lines. Extraction experiments with three-component systems were performed. The suitability of deep eutectic solvents for the separation of pyridine and toluene from n-hexane, and n-butanol from toluene was evaluated in terms of properties of solvents, solute distribution ratio, and extraction efficiency. Choline chloride glycerol has a better potential for separation of pyridine from its mixture with n-hexane. The equilibrium data were well described with the NRTL model.
Topographic and Geologic Controls on Frost Cracking in Alpine Rockwalls

Frost weathering is a major control on rockwall erosion in Alpine environments. Previous frost cracking model approaches used air temperatures as a proxy for rock temperatures to drive frost weathering simulations on rockwall and on mountain scale. Unfortunately, the thermal rockwall regime differs from air temperature due to topographic effects on insolation and insulation, which affects frost weathering model results and the predicted erosion patterns. To provide a more realistic model of the rockwall regime, we installed six temperature loggers along an altitudinal gradient in the Swiss Alps, including two logger pairs at rockwalls with opposing aspects. We used the recorded rock surface temperatures to model rock temperatures in the upper 10 m of the rockwalls and as input data to run four different frost cracking models. We mapped fracture spacing and rock strength to validate the model results. Our results showed that frost cracking models are sensitive to thermal, hydraulic and mechanical parameters that affect frost cracking magnitude but frost cracking patterns in terms of peak location and affected rock mass remained consistent between varying input parameters. Thermo‐mechanical models incorporate rock strength and hydraulic properties and provided a frost cracking pattern at the rockwall scale that better reflects the measured fracture spacing. At the mountain scale, these models showed a pattern of increasing frost cracking with altitude, which is contrary to purely thermal models but consistent with observations of existing rockfall studies.
RevSCA-2.0: SCA-Based Formal Verification of Nontrivial Multipliers Using Reverse Engineering and Local Vanishing Removal

The formal verification of integer multipliers is one of the important but challenging problems in the verification community. Recently, the methods based on symbolic computer algebra (SCA) have shown very good results in comparison to all other existing proof techniques. However, when it comes to verification of huge and structurally complex multipliers, they completely fail as an explosion happens in the number of monomials. The reason for this explosion is the generation of redundant monomials known as vanishing monomials. This article introduces the SCA-based approach RevSCA-2.0 that combines reverse engineering and local vanishing removal to verify large and nontrivial multipliers. For our approach, we first come up with a theory for the origin of vanishing monomials, i.e., we prove that the gates/nodes where both outputs of half adders (HAs) converge are the origins of vanishing monomials. Then, we propose a dedicated reverse engineering technique to identify atomic blocks including HAs. The identified HAs are the basis for detecting converging cones and locally removing vanishing monomials, which finally results in a vanishing-free global backward rewriting. The efficiency of RevSCA-2.0 is demonstrated using an extensive set of multipliers with up to several million gates.
Synthesis of an active flutter suppression system in the transonic domain using a computational model

ABSTRACT Control laws for implementing active flutter suppression are generally derived from linear aeroelastic models. In this paper, families of control laws for implementing an active flutter suppression system were initially designed using linearised aeroelastic models based on the doublet lattice method after ignoring the aerodynamic loads associated with relatively faster time scales. Using these preliminary sets of control laws and the nonlinear transonic small disturbance theory, near-optimum control laws were chosen in the transonic domain to maximally increase the flutter speed of a typical aircraft wing by at least 16% or more. Thus it is shown that it is feasible to systematically design near-optimal control laws for active flutter suppression using computational models in transonic flow. The doublet lattice method coupled with the zeroth-order matrix Padé approximant provided the fastest method for synthesising a large number of preliminary control laws. The methodology was successfully demonstrated by applying it to two benchmarking examples.
Internet of Medical Things (IoMT): Overview, Emerging Technologies, and Case Studies

In the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT), the Internet of Things (IoT) is integrated with medical devices, enabling improved patient comfort, cost-effective medical solutions, quick hospital treatments, and even more personalized healthcare. The paper first provides the introduction of IoMTs and then introduces an architecture of IoMTs. Later, it provides the current operations of the healthcare system and discusses the mapping of these operations into the architectural diagram. Further, several emerging technologies such as Physically Unclonable Functions (PUF), Blockchain, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Software-Defined Networking (SDN) are envisioned as important technologies to overcome several challenges in e-healthcare such as security, privacy, accuracy, and performance. Finally, we provide three case studies for IoMT based on – (1) PUF-based Authentication, (2) AI-enabled SDN Assisted e-healthcare, and (3) Blockchain Assisted Patient Centric System. The solutions presented in this paper may have a huge impact on the speed at which IoMT infrastructure can efficiently evolve with market evolution.
Association between vitamin B12 and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a case control study in Katra Jammu

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most common chronic liver disease in developed countries and obesity contributing maximum to the disease load. A reduction in the energy content of diet, alone, may not prevent NAFLD, nor could alleviate it. Recent studies are bringing to light the association, importance and role of dietary vitamins and liver fat accumulation. Vitamin B12 is involved in the metabolism of every cell of the human body. It is a cofactor in DNA synthesis and in both fatty acid and amino acid metabolism. Still, the influence of vitamin B12 deficiency on NAFLD has not been studied much. Methods: A case control observational study was conducted in the department of medicine, community health center, Katra during the period of August 2018 to July 2019. The study was conducted on 150 NAFLD patients and 50 aged and gender-matched healthy controls. Patients showing ethanol consumption, liver cirrhosis, DM, pancreatitis, renal failure or cancer were excluded. Results: Patients and controls almost matched in all clinical examinations like fever, jaundice, nausea, but vitamin B12 levels were significantly low among cases and stood at 377.60±181.43 pg/ml as against 548.28±285.70 for controls, but still remained within the reference range. Vitamin D levels were also found to be lower among cases. B12 deficiency is extremely common in India with an estimated prevalence of 47% and more males tend to have NAFLD than females. Conclusions: For better management of the disease, vitamin B12 levels should be assessed in all NAFLD patients.
Apatía social y mal de amores: la relación emocional entre amor y migración en Paseador de perros (2008) de Sergio Galarza y Entre el cielo y el suelo (2008) de Lorenzo Helguero

Resumen: Partiendo de la alta carga de emocionalidad que se puede observar en los debates políticos actuales frente a la migración, el artículo presente analiza dos obras literarias –Paseador de perros (2008) de Sergio Galarza y Entre el cielo y el suelo (2008) de Lorenzo Helguero– en las que tanto los autores como los protagonistas migraron del Perú al Norte; esto corresponde a Europa, España y Madrid en Paseador de perros y a América del Norte, Estados Unidos y Washington en Entre el cielo y el suelo. Se tratará de responder a dos preguntas: ¿cómo, en ambas obras, el amor está vinculado a las respuestas emocionales provocadas por el contexto de migración? , y ¿en qué medida se distinguen las dinámicas emocionales presentadas en los dos textos? A partir del análisis de los aspectos emocionales que se basará en las reflexiones teóricas de Price (2015), Svašek (2010), Boccagni y Baldassar (2015) y Fredrickson (2001) se apreciarán tanto las semejanzas como los modos diferentes de los dos protagonistas de responder, a nivel emocional, a la situación migrante. Se mostrará cómo la literatura, gracias a su dimensión subjetiva, puede contribuir a relativizar e interrogar tales discursos emocionalizados.
Seismic data inversion with acquisition adaptive convolutional neural network for geologic forward prospecting in tunnels

Seismic forward prospecting is essential because it can identify the velocity distribution in front of the tunnel face and provide guidance for safe excavation activities. We have developed a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based method to invert forward-prospecting data recorded in tunnels for accurate and rapid estimation of seismic velocity distribution. Targeting the unusual seismic acquisition setup in tunnels, we design two separate encoders to extract features from observation data recorded on both tunnel sidewalls. Subsequently, these features are concatenated to a decoder for velocity prediction. Considering the various acquisition setups used in different tunneling projects, the deep-learning inversion network must be flexible in terms of the seismic source/receiver positions for practical application. We have generated two auxiliary feature maps that can be used to feed acquisition information to our network. Our network, acquisition adaptive CNN ([Formula: see text]-CNN), can be trained by defining the loss function based on the [Formula: see text]-norm and multiscale structural similarity. Compared with traditional CNNs, our method has superior performance on data sets with fixed and random acquisition setups and also demonstrates certain robustness when handling synthetic data with field noise. Finally, we test how the network performs when feeding the modified acquisition setup information. It turns out that the inversion result will demonstrate a shift when the provided acquisition setup information shift, which verified the validity of the network and its use of acquisition information.
smartPlastic: Innovative Touch-Based Human-Vehicle Interface Sensors for the Automotive Industry

Environmental concern regularly leads to the study and improvement of manufacturing processes and the development of new industrial products. The purpose of this work is to optimize the amount of injected plastic and reduce the number of parts used in the production of entrance panels to control features inside the car cabin. It focuses on a particular case study, namely the control of opening and closing windows and rotation of the rear-view mirrors of a car, maintaining all of the functionality and introducing a futuristic and appealing design inline with new autonomous driving vehicles. For this purpose, distinct low-cost touch sensor technologies were evaluated and the performance of several types of sensors that were integrated with plastic polymers of distinct thickness was analyzed. Discrete sensors coupled to the plastic part were tested and integrated in the injected plastic procedure. In the former, sensitivity tests were performed for finding the maximum plastic thickness detectable by the different sensors. For the latter, experiments were carried out on the sensors subject to very high pressure and temperature inside the molds—the two most relevant characteristics of industrial plastic injection in this context—and functional results were observed later. We conclude that, by changing the way the user interacts with the car cabin, the replacement of conventional mechanical buttons—composed of dozens of parts—by a component consisting of a single plastic part that is associated with conventional low-cost electronics allows the control of a more diversified set of features, including many that are not yet usual in the interior of automobiles today, but that will eventually be required in the near future of autonomous driving, in which the user will interact less with driving and more with other people or services around her/him, namely of the multimedia type. Additionally, the economic factor was considered, namely regarding the cost of the new technology as well as its manufacturing, replacement, and subsequent recycling processes.
Effects of two different diets on lactoferrin concentrations in bovine milk

Raw milk contains natural compounds, such as lactoferrin, with anti-microbial activity. These compounds may constitute a form of protection against the proliferation of spoilage and potentially pathogenic microorganisms, as well as being potentially beneficial for health. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of the cows' diet on the concentration of this compound in milk. An experimental herd of 32 Montbeliarde dairy cows was split in two groups, ensuring an equal balance according to the stage and lactation period. The first group grazed natural pasture, and the second was fed dry feed (35% hay and 65% ground barley/soya-bean meal). The results obtained showed that the lactoferrin content was significantly higher in milk from cows fed with hay and meal (292.8±34.0 μg/ml) than from cows fed with grass (159.7±12.2 μg/ml). These results suggest that it may be possible to naturally increase the concentration of lactoferrin in milk through appropriate management of the cows' diet.
Stakeholders’ Participation in Sustainable Tourism Planning for a Rural Region: Extremadura Case Study (Spain)

The objective of this research is to obtain and analyze discursive information on the problems and solutions of the tourism sector in an eminently rural region, such as Extremadura, based on the opinions of stakeholders, in order to incorporate them into the evaluation and tourism planning of the region. More specifically, on the situation of the sector, perceptions on profitability and return on investment, the problem of overnight stays, and coordination between tourism agents and training demands, in order to make a sustainable tourism sector in a rural region. The research starts from the following premise: for tourism to be sustainable, stakeholders must participate in the strategic decision-making process. This paper aims, on the one hand, to clarify sufficiently the state of the art regarding the validity of focus groups and their analysis as a research methodology, explaining how to address the main challenges implied by this technique by reviewing a selection of research works that we consider relevant in this field. On the other hand, an analysis of the tourism sector in Extremadura is carried out based on these group dynamics. The main result, after analyzing the discourse of six focus groups, is that the different opinions of their members reveal, despite everything, that the training of human capital in the tourism sector in rural environments is a pending issue.
Uncertainty in the modelled mortality of two tree species (Fraxinus) under novel climatic regimes

Based upon species distribution models (SDMs), many studies have predicted that climate change will cause regional extinctions of tree species within the next 50–100 years. SDM‐based predictions have been challenged on procedural and theoretical grounds, but for tree species they are largely beyond the practical reach of direct experimental validation. Here we report the experimental consequences of moving seedlings from ~50 natural populations of each of two ash (Fraxinus) species to experimental sites spanning a range of 10°C colder to 10°C warmer (mean annual temperature) than home environments.