Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Pathophysiology of Virulence of the COVID-19 Virus

Background: On Dec 19, 2019 it was reported by the public health department of China that an outbreak of pneumonia was caused by a novel Coronavirus. The virulence of the new virus COVID-19 was much greater than either the SARs or MERSs viruses and on March 11, 2020 the World Health Department (WHO) declared world -wide pandemic. Understanding the pathophysiology of virulence of the COVID-19 virus is absolutely necessary in understanding the transmission, virulence factors, reduce risk factors, clinical presentation, predict outcomes of the disease and provide guidance to any current or future treatment protocols. Methodology: A PubMed search was performed utilizing the words: Wuhan Virus, COVID-19, SARs coronavirus, ACE2, S protein, virulence, clinical presentation, epidemiology, genome, treatment, structure, MERs, pathogenesis and/or pathology alone and in combination with other terms. Each paper was evaluated by three content experts for quality, reproducibility, credibility and reputation of the journal. Results: The COVID-19 virus is much more virulent than either the SARs or MERs virus and its ability to cause serious disease inversely corresponds to the person’s ability to produce T-cells which declines linearly with age. The ACE2 receptor binding site do not vary among different ethnic groups but do in expression levels. This variance in expression level may explain for different infectivity rates among men and women and predict and explain different susceptibilities to infection by different ethnic groups. Furthermore, by understanding the underlying pathophysiology one can explain and provide guidance to the clinical effectiveness of any treatment. Conclusions: The underlying pathophysiology of COVID-19 explains not only the virulence, and clinical presentation, but, explains at a molecular level the comorbidity risk factors such as hypertension, sex, and age. Ethnic and anatomic Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 7 April 2020 doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0077. v1
Traditional Carpet-Rug Descriptions in the Paintings of Turkish Painters(post-1882 period)

Background: Carpet-rug art is an important material in Turkish culture and life. Anatolia's thousands of years of cultural heritage, folklore, and life have been processed not only in paintings but also in rugs in order to transfer it to its works, sometimes with realistic, sometimes impressionist or abstract interpretations. The first carpet samples were found in East Turkistan with the Paz? r? k tomb in the Altai in line with the examinations and information made in the various excavations and it is estimated that they were built in the BC 5-3 century. Objective: Seals identity that the carpet-rug lived in Anatolia in Turkey date is the record of relations with extant prior rights. The characteristics that convey past cultural experiences to today still continue. It enables culture to be passed down from generation to generation with its unique fabric shape and patterns. Method: With this research, it has been tried to be revealed the depictions of traditional rugs in carpets-rugs that were influenced in the works of Turkish painters the period after 1882 by literature scanning. Conclusion: As a result of the study, it is observed that the painters were not independent from the Turkish customs, traditions and culture while they were painting. It is understood that they made paintings with a contemporary interpretation of their social life by including traditional themes. It has been reached that they convey their ideas of adhering to cultural existence not only to their paintings, but also from time to time.
Rehabilitation of mechanically ventilated elderly patient with COVID-19 of a dedicated COVID tertiary hospital: a case report

Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a highly communicable disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV2) which originated in Wuhan, China has affected 213 countries worldwide and has caused an economic crisis. As of August 10, 2020, India’s recovery rate is 63%. Most of the critical cases requiring intensive care unit (ICU) management are elderly patients with co-morbidities. The case report is of an elderly, comorbid patient who was intubated and put on a mechanical ventilator. At a time when critical patients on mechanical ventilator hardly survived, this patient survived and was successfully weaned from the ventilator and extubated. The case report emphasizes physical therapy management along with medical management for an elderly SARS CoV2 survivor with co-morbidities, and his journey from the onset of symptoms to being mechanically ventilated to performing his daily activities with minimal discomfort.
Vibrio parahaemolyticus: a review on the pathogenicity, antibiotic resistance, foodborne outbreaks, and detection methods

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a Gram-negative bacterium that is a natural inhabitant of the marine habitat. V. parahaemolyticus is a human foodborne pathogen linked to the consumption of contaminated raw and undercooked seafood. V. parahaemolyticus pathogenicity has been linked to the presence of two virulence gene that is thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) and TDH-related hemolysin (trh). The emergence of antibiotic resistant strain of V. parahaemolyticus is a menace to public health. V. parahaemolyticus is linked to several foodborne diseases in Asian countries including Japan, China and Taiwan and has been acknowledged as the major cause of human gastroenteritis in the United States. The emergence of pathogenic Vibrio species in shellfish in Malaysia requires persistent monitoring and public enlightenment on food safety. Several detection methods based on its virulence factors are used in detecting V. parahaemolyticus. This review will provide an insight on V. parahaemolyticus, its pathogenicity, antibiotic resistance, foodborne outbreaks and detection methods.
A data-driven framework for landslide size space-time 1 modelling

10 Landslide susceptibility assessment using data-driven models has predominantly 11 focused on predicting where landslides may occur and not on how large they might be. 12 The spatio-temporal evaluation of landslide susceptibility has only recently been 13 addressed, as a basis for predicting where and when landslides might occur. The present 14 study combines these new developments by proposing a data-driven model capable of 15 estimating how large landslides may be, for the Taiwan territory in a fourteen-year time 16 window. To solve this task, our model assumes that landslide sizes follow a Log- 17 Gaussian probability distribution in space and time. Spatially the area is subdivided into 18 46074 slope units, with 14 annual timesteps from 2004 to 2018. Based on this 19 subdivision, the model we implemented regressed landslide sizes against a covariate 20 set that includes temporally static and dynamic properties. In the validation of our 21 model, we nested a wide range of cross-validation (CV) procedures, includes a 22 randomized 10fold-CV, a spatially constrained CV, a temporal leave-one-year-out CV, 23 and a spatio-temporal CV. The final performance was described both numerically as
Pest categorisation of Dendrolimus punctatus

Abstract The EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of Dendrolimus punctatus (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae), following a commodity risk assessment of bonsai Pinus parviflora grafted onto P. thunbergii from China, in which D. punctatus was identified as a pest of possible concern to the European Union (EU). D. punctatus, also known as the Masson pine caterpillar, is present in China, Taiwan, Vietnam, India and has recently spread to Japanese islands close to Taiwan. Larval feeding on the needles of Pinus elliottii, P. luchuensis, P. massoniana, P. merkusii and P. tabulaeformis causes important damage. D. punctatus larvae can also feed on P. armandii, P. echinata, P. latteri, P. parviflora, P. sylvestris var. mongolica, P. taeda, P. taiwanensis and P. thunbergii, but full development on these hosts is uncertain. The pest has three to five generations per year; winter is spent as larvae on branch tips, on tree trunks and in the soil. The females lay egg clusters on pine needles. Pupation occurs in cocoons attached to branches or needles. D. punctatus could enter the EU either as eggs, larvae or pupae in the foliage of plants for planting or cut branches, as larvae on wood with bark or as overwintering larvae in branches, crevices in the bark or in the litter of potted plants. However, Annex VI of 2019/2072 prohibits the introduction of D. punctatus hosts (Pinus spp.) from countries and areas where the pest occurs. There are climate zones where the pest occurs in Asia that also occur in the EU, though they are limited, which constitutes an uncertainty regarding establishment. The pest's main hosts are not grown in the EU. However, the fact that it attacks the North American Pinus echinata, P. elliottii and P. taeda in its Asian native area suggests a potential capacity to shift to pine species occurring in the EU territory. D. punctatus satisfies all the criteria that are within the remit of EFSA to assess for it to be regarded as a potential Union quarantine pest. Whether the Pinus commonly found in Europe could act as hosts is unknown but is fundamental, affecting the criteria of establishment and magnitude of impact.
Myths, beliefs and perceptions about mental disorders and health-seeking behavior in Delhi, India

Objectives: To assess the myths, beliefs and perceptions about mental disorders and health-seeking behavior in general population and medical professionals of India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of 436 subjects (360 subjects from urban and rural communities of Delhi and 76 medical professionals working in different organizations in Delhi). A pre-tested questionnaire consisting items on perceptions, myths, and beliefs about causes, treatment, and health-seeking behavior for mental disorders was used. The collected data were statistically analyzed using computer software package Epi-info. Appropriate tests of significance were applied to detect any significant association. Results: The mental disorders were thought to be because of loss of semen or vaginal secretion (33.9% rural, 8.6% urban, 1.3% professionals), less sexual desire (23.7% rural, 18% urban), excessive masturbation (15.3% rural, 9.8% urban), God's punishment for their past sins (39.6% rural, 20.7% urban, 5.2% professionals), and polluted air (51.5% rural, 11.5% urban, 5.2% professionals). More people (37.7%) living in joint families than in nuclear families (26.5%) believed that sadness and unhappiness cause mental disorders. 34.8% of the rural subjects and 18% of the urban subjects believed that children do not get mental disorders, which means they have conception of adult-oriented mental disorders. 40.2% in rural areas, 33.3% in urban areas, and 7.9% professionals believed that mental illnesses are untreatable. Many believed that psychiatrists are eccentric (46.1% rural, 8.4% urban, 7.9% professionals), tend to know nothing, and do nothing (21.5% rural, 13.7% urban, 3.9% professionals), while 74.4% of rural subjects, 37.1% of urban subjects, and 17.6% professionals did not know that psychiatry is a branch of medicine. More people in rural areas than in urban area thought that keeping fasting or a faith healer can cure them from mental illnesses, whereas 11.8% of medical professionals believed the same. Most of the people reported that they liked to go to someone close who could listen to their problems, when they were sad and anxious. Only 15.6% of urban and 34.4% of the rural population reported that they would like to go to a psychiatrist when they or their family members are suffering from mental illness. Conclusion: It can be concluded from this study that the myths and misconceptions are significantly more prevalent in rural areas than in urban areas and among medical professionals, and the people need to be communicated to change their behavior and develop a positive attitude toward mental disorders so that health-seeking behavior can improve.
articlePeptidyl arginine deiminase type IV ( PADI 4 ) haplotypes interact with shared epitope regardless of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody or erosive joint status in rheumatoid arthritis : a case control study

Introduction: Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide autoantibodies (anti-CCP) are the most specific serologic marker for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Genetic polymorphisms in a citrullinating (or deiminating) enzyme, peptidyl arginine deiminase type IV (PADI4) have been reproducibly associated with RA susceptibility in several populations. We investigated whether PADI4 polymorphisms contribute to anti-CCP-negative as well as -positive RA, whether they influence disease severity (erosive joint status), and whether they interact with two major risk factors for RA, Human Leukocyte Antigen-DRB1 (HLA-DRB1) shared epitope (SE) alleles and smoking, depending on anti-CCP and erosive joint
The Power of Now: A Guide to Spiritual Enlightenment

The phenomenal bestselling self-help book of its generation - for spiritual followers of the Dalai Lama and Deepak Chopra. Eckhart Tolle demonstrates how to live a healthier and happier life by living in the present moment. To make the journey into The Power of Now we will need to leave our analytical mind and its false created self, the ego, behind. Although the journey is challenging, Eckhart Tolle offers simple language and a question and answer format to guide us. Surrender to the present moment, where problems do not exist. It is here we find our joy, are able to embrace our true selves and discover that we are already complete and perfect. If we are able to be fully present and take each step in the Now we will be opening ourselves to the transforming experience of THE POWER OF NOW. It's a book to be revisited again and again.
Trying on the Emperor's New Clothes? Concertación, Corporatism and Neoliberal Restructuring in the Semiperiphery

A recurring theme of the quest by business groups to reform labour markets and employment law in the 1980's and 1990's was the pursuit of flexibility, competitiveness and performance. Yet as older, unionised industries have been relegated to newly-industrialised or semiperipheral economies, the restructuring of industrial relations has come to represent part of a wider agenda to reduce exchange rate instability, restore profit margins, encourage foreign investment, accelerate trade flows, and reform (or privatise) pension and social security systems. Not surprisingly, the neoliberal postulates of deregulation, privatisation and fiscal orthodoxy promoted among debt-strapped Third World governments by multilateral financial institutions sidelined studies of corporatism, but recent scholarship suggests that the phenomenon is with us once again if, indeed, it ever went away; tripartite concertaci? n is being revisited as a means by which states embarking upon economic restructuring may maintain social cohesion without resorting to unconstitutional powers or military rule. In Spain, Portugal, Greece, Singapore and Mexico, ruling parties with strong links to trade unions have long demonstrated resourcefulness in subordinating labour movements to the exigencies of economic restructuring (Rodan, 1989; K? hler, 1995; Middlebrook, 1995; Kioukias, 1997; Hamann, 2001 Royo, 2002). Similar processes may be detected in the transition from authoritarianism in South Korea and Taiwan, (Frenkel, Hong and Lee, 1993; Im, 1999) and in spite of turbulence in Venezuela and Argentina in 2001-2002, institutional links between reformist parties and the unions have long characterised development strategies (McGuire, 1997; Murillo, 2001). Yet few accounts of neocorporatism, the purportedly democratic form of tripartite planning, ubiquitous in post-war Germany, Austria and Scandinavia and the source of voluminous academic debate in the 1970's, addressed either the persistence or the reconfiguration of semiperipheral corporatism (or palaeocorporatism) in Latin America, the
Multilocus sequence typing and DNA similarity analysis implicates that a Borrelia valaisiana-related sp. isolated in Japan is distinguishable from European B. valaisiana.

Lyme disease Borrelia spp. are transmitted by Ixodes ticks, and more than 10 species of borreliae have been identified around the world. Recently, another Borrelia sp. has been reported in Asia (Japan, Korea, China, Taiwan and Thailand) as Borrelia valaisiana-related sp. In the present study, we obtained and genetically characterized 19 B. valaisiana-related sp. strains from mammals and ticks. Genetic analyses showed that the Borrelia strains were distinct from B. valaisiana found in Europe. Multilocus sequence typing revealed that these Borrelia isolates formed a monophyletic group with B. yangtze strains in China. Some of the strains were isolated from the bladders of small mammals, and also two strains were experimentally confirmed to be infectious in C3H/HeN mice. We observed that the Borrelia sp. was maintained in the Ixodes granulatus tick after molting. These results suggested that small mammals and I. granulatus were possible reservoir hosts and the vector tick for the Borrelia sp. , respectively. B. valaisiana, originally found in Europe, was transmitted mainly by I. ricinus, and birds were mainly thought to be reservoir hosts. Our results suggested that Japanese isolates of B. yangtze (formerly B. valaisiana-related sp.) were distinguishable from B. valaisiana according to the reservoir host and its vector tick. In this study, we also deposited borrelia strain Okinawa-CW62 into bioresource centers as a reference strain of B. yangtze(=DSM 24625, JCM 17189).
Higher education ambitions and societal expectations

In 2004, i.e. seven years after the retrocession of Hong Kong to the People’s Republic of China (PRC), the then Chief Executive aimed to promote the former British colony as ‘Asia’s world city’. The same year, the University Grants Committee echoed this ambition by envisaging the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) as becoming an ‘education hub’ in the region with the main objective of attracting international students for study and work. A few years later, education services were designed as one of the six industries able to propel Hong Kong towards a knowledge-based economy. This paper aims to illustrate the challenges of the former British colony to acquire a strong local academic identity and profile to answer the needs of a knowledge-based society driven by globalisation. These challenges will be scrutinised in the interlinked perspectives of the concepts of higher education (HE) hub and internationalisation of the HE sector in Hong Kong, illuminating local, regional and global concerns. The main conclusion is that one of the biggest challenges is to strike a balance between forces of globalisation and their consequences upon the Hong Kong community’s needs and enhancing ties with the PRC as stated in the HKSAR policy. So the balance is to be found between (national) convergence and (international/global) engagement. This profile has repercussions for implementing a HE internationalisation policy anywhere in the world.
Social Capital and Its Institutional Contingency : A Study of the United States, China and Taiwan

Introduction 1. Social Capital in a Comparative Perspective Nan Lin, Yang-chih Fu and Chih-jou Jay Chen Part I: Measuring Social Capital 2. Contact Status and Finding a Job: Validation and Extension Nan Lin, Hang Young Lee and Dan Ao 3. Homophily and Heterophily in the Position-Generated Networks in the U.S. and China Dan Ao 4. Status-Based Differential Memory and Measurement of Social Capital: Recall Errors and Bias Estimates Kuo-Hsien Su and Nan Lin Part II: Endogeneity of Social Capital: Structural and Network Features 5. Similarities and Differences in Relation-Specific Social Resources Among Three Societies: Taiwan, China and the United States Ray-May Hsung and Ronald L. Breiger 6. How Social Capital Changes During One's Current Job: Work Conditions and Contact Patterns Yang-chih Fu, Ray May Hsung and Szu-Ying Lee 7. Occupational Sex Composition, Cultural Contexts, and Social Capital Formation: Cases of the United States and Taiwan Wei-hsin Yu and Chi-Tsun Chiu 8. The Internet Implications for Social Capital: Stock, Changes, and Tie Strength Wenhong Chen Part III: Accessing and Mobilizing Social Capital: Institutional, Networking and Organizational Factors 9. Job Search Chains and Embedded Resources: A Comparative Analysis Among Taiwan, China and the US Chih-jou Jay Chen 10. Network and Contact Diversities in Race and Gender and Status Attainment in the United States Joonmo Son 11. The Road to Democracy: A Three-Society Comparison of Civic Network Structures Yanlong Zhang and Hang Young Lee Part IV: Social Capital and Well-Being 12. Social Capital in the Workplace and Health Disruptions: A Cross-National Investigation Steve McDonald, Feinian Chen and Martha Crowley 13. Bright and Dark Sides of Who You Know in the Evaluation of Well-Being: Social Capital and Life Satisfaction Across Three Societies Lijun Song Appendix I: Social Capital USA 2004 Telephone Interview Questionnaire. Appendix II: Sample Characters for U.S., Taiwan, and China 2004-2005 Social Capital Surveys.
TO TRADE OR NOT TO TRADE ? : THOUGHTS ON THE FAILED SMART CARD BASED NATIONAL ID INITIATIVE IN TAIWAN Tyng –

While the emergence of the digital economy is undoubtedly creating exciting opportunities for Asian countries and it is a popular prediction that smart cards would be the next technological transition, the upheaval associated with them is producing profound changes and challenges. Attracted either by business reasons or mass dataveillance eeciency, some Asian countries, including South Korea and Taiwan, have initiated governmental projects to implement full scale smart card based national ID schemes for the past several years. For the present these governmental projects have either been delayed or canceled. Based upon an account as to how the smart card based national ID system projects in Taiwan and South Korea failed to succeed under strong protests, this paper elaborates why the scheme seems to become a particularly favored strategy for some Asian governments, especially those who already have national ID card systems in place for several decades, to adopt in vitalizing or escalating their electronic commerce. It is followed by an analysis on how this kind of projects could be examined through the lens of achieving long-term success of digital economy and preserving online privacy. We conclude that before we have a sensible argument about the future technological and legal architecture of electronic commerce, public values such as privacy protection should be preserved, as they contribute to electronic commerce signiicantly in the long run.