Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CRITICAL EVALUATION OF TRANSITION FROM LAMINAR TO TURBULENT SHEAR LAYERS WITH EMPHASIS ON HYPERSONICALLY TRAVELING BODIES

Abstract : The review report represents an attempt to evaluate critically the available data on high-speed boundary layer transition to turbulence and to interpret the apparent agreements and contradictions within some rational framework. Special attention was paid to the more documentable discrepancies between reported results as touchstones of conceptual models and instability theories. Experiments with 'microscopic' information are used as backbone of conceptual models, both linear and nonlinear. Linear instability results are used as a point of departure for the examination of current controversial questions of transition reversal with cooling, unit Reynolds number effect, effect of aerodynamic noise in supersonic wind tunnels, et.
Discussion of "Casual Inference without Counterfactuals" by A. P. Dawid

Professor Dawid has presented a thought-provoking analysis of causal inference, and has certainly caused us to think hard about these matters. There are three main topics that we would like to comment on: the structure of models, the object of inference and the philosophy of inference. The desire to make a causal inference leads one to a particular class of models. From the model (and the data) an inference need be made. The model, and an associated parameter of interest, directs the possible type of inference. We then must decide on a reference set (or population) to which the inference will be made. All of these pieces work together in an inferential philosophy. There are many choices to be made at each stage of the process (model, parameters, inference). Dawid insists that such choices, and inferences, must be based on strict principles that can be verified empirically. We believe that such a program is so overly rigid that, in the end, science will not be served.
Visual mental imagery and verbal working memory: evidence from consecutive interpreting

ABSTRACT The link between the different types and components of mental imagery and efficiency in tasks involving memory storage and processing is not clear. The direction of the effect (facilitation/deterioration) usually depends on the task in question and the cognitive processes involved. Here, we investigate the possible contribution of visual and auditory imagery components to performance in a verbal working memory task (i.e. consecutive interpreting) in which accuracy is not dependent on mental imagery yet with high individual variability due to exacting memory and cognitive control demands. The mental imagery of 38 translation-interpreting undergraduates was measured on four self-reported scales with the vividness, control, and preference components and with a mental rotation test. Participants were then asked to consecutively interpret 10 speeches from English into Turkish. Mixed-effects models revealed that only control of visual mental imagery measured with Gordon’s Test of Visual Imagery Control predicts verbal transfer accuracy in consecutive interpreting.
Deep Analysis of “Forward Citation Number” in Patent Quality Indicators

In order to help researchers and users properly apply the indicator, this paper aims to deeply analyze its principle, validity, and deficiency and correction method. Although the indicator is applied widely, but it still has some questions about time truncation, citation inflation, difference in technology fields and quality of forward citation. The existing correction methods can alleviate these problems to a certain extent, but need to further amend.
Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Tongue in Adults

Simple Summary Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common malignant soft tissue sarcoma in childhood and adolescence, with one-third of cases occurring in the head and neck region. A patient with a soft tissue mass on their tongue presented to our clinic. After an excisional biopsy, histology revealed an embryonal type of rhabdomyosarcoma, an extremely rare diagnosis in the adult population. An extension study was performed, followed by appropriate margin-free surgery with reconstruction using a buccinator flap and subsequent neoadjuvant chemotherapy. After 42 months, the patient remains free of disease. A thorough literature search for similar cases and treatments yielded only three comparable cases. The rarity of this pathology in adults necessitates the application of children’s treatment protocols, although the prognosis is worse than in childhood cases. Abstract (1) Background: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in the first two decades of life. One third of cases appear in the head and neck, with 60% of these being embryonal type. RMS is extremely rare in adults, comprising only 1% of adult malignancies, and of those, only 3.3% are rhabdomyosarcomas. (2) Case report: A 46 y.o. male presented with a 1 cm exophytic pediculated painless lesion on the dorsum of his tongue, with progressive growth for 3 months. An excisional biopsy revealed an “embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma with fusocellular areas, with negative rearrangement for gen FOXO1A, negative MDM2 (only focal positivity), and positive INI-1”. Subsequent contrast-enhanced MRI concluded the presence of a lesion with imprecise margins in the right half-tongue, 15 × 8 × 7 mm (longitudinal × transverse × craniocaudal), compatible with a sarcoma. The patient underwent a partial centrolingual glossectomy followed by reconstruction with a buccinator muscle local flap. After surgery, he received chemotherapy with eight cycles of VAC (vincristine, actinomycin, and cyclophosphamide) protocol. The patient is now disease free after 42 months, with good tongue function. (3) Discussion and conclusions: Embryonal RMS is an extremely rare sarcoma in adults, and the location in the tongue is even more exceptional (only two more similar cases are reported in the literature). The prognosis in adults is significantly poorer than in children. A complete margin-free resection with an adequate chemotherapy protocol is the treatment of choice in cases such as these.
Thermodynamics of a two-dimensional charged black hole in the geometric framework

In this paper, we study the thermodynamic features of a two-dimensional charged black hole. Weinhold curvature and Ruppeiner curvature are explored as information geometry, respectively. Moreover, based on the Legendre invariant proposed by Hernando Quevedo, the geometro-thermodynamics behavior of this black hole is investigated.
Delineating soil moisture dynamics within an evapotranspiration surface barrier using spatial‐temporal analysis

Evapotranspiration (ET) surface barriers store infiltrated precipitation during the recharge period and release the stored water to the atmosphere via ET. The primary purpose of a surface barrier is to reduce or eliminate drainage to the underlying waste zone. The objective of this study is to analyze the spatial and temporal dynamics of soil moisture within an ET surface barrier based on observed and simulated data. This study characterizes the water movement processes using contour plots of soil moisture content and flux rate in the depth‐time domain. Zero‐flux planes (ZFPs) divide the depth‐time domain into stored water, ET, and drainage zones. Some flow dynamics (e.g., flow rate and direction) that were not observed in the field were elaborated with simulation results to identify the depth of the recharge front of infiltrated water, the release front of stored water, and the bottom of the ET zone. The ET‐drainage divide marks the bottom of the ET zone and the top of the drainage zone. The results showed that the temporal analysis of soil moisture storage could indicate the degree of usage of the storage capacity of a surface barrier. The spatial‐temporal analyses of soil moisture content and flux rate can characterize the durations of the recharge/release processes and the depth of the stored water. Quantification of these processes and related zones provides beneficial understanding of the state and dynamics of soil moisture for a range of weather and vegetation conditions and is useful in optimizing the design of an ET surface barrier.
Hjemmebehandling med intravenøs antibiotika

Hjemmebehandling av infeksjoner med intravenøs antibiotika er vanlig internasjonalt, men er lite brukt i Norge. I denne studien er hensikten å kartlegge en pasientpopulasjon og beskrive pasienters erfaringer med intravenøs hjemmebehandling med antibiotika og gjennomførbarheten av behandlingsforløpet. Alle pasienter som ble behandlet hjemme med intravenøs antibiotika fra november 2016 til juni 2021 ble spurt om å delta i studien. Journalgranskning og spørreskjema ble brukt for å innhente data. Kvantitative data ble bearbeidet med deskriptiv statistikk og kvalitative data ble analysert med manifest innholdsanalyse. Studien inkluderer 175 pasienter, gjennomsnittsalder 65 år. Hyppigste infeksjoner var endokarditt, proteseinfeksjon og septisk artritt. Studien viste at pasientene var svært tilfredse med hjemmebehandling og at eldre pasienter kunne behandles hjemme (45 % var ≥70 år). 90 % av pasientene svarte at de ville valgt hjemmebehandling igjen dersom de trengte det og at hjemmebehandling ga økt trivsel og subjektiv livskvalitet, men at opplæring og oppfølgning var viktig.
Durability of Plant Fiber Composites for Structural Application: A Brief Review

Environmental sustainability and eco-efficiency stand as imperative benchmarks for the upcoming era of materials. The use of sustainable plant fiber composites (PFCs) in structural components has garnered significant interest within industrial community. The durability of PFCs is an important consideration and needs to be well understood before their widespread application. Moisture/water aging, creep properties, and fatigue properties are the most critical aspects of the durability of PFCs. Currently, proposed approaches, such as fiber surface treatments, can alleviate the impact of water uptake on the mechanical properties of PFCs, but complete elimination seems impossible, thus limiting the application of PFCs in moist environments. Creep in PFCs has not received as much attention as water/moisture aging. Existing research has already found the significant creep deformation of PFCs due to the unique microstructure of plant fibers, and fortunately, strengthening fiber-matrix bonding has been reported to effectively improve creep resistance, although data remain limited. Regarding fatigue research in PFCs, most research focuses on tension-tension fatigue properties, but more attention is required on compression-related fatigue properties. PFCs have demonstrated a high endurance of one million cycles under a tension-tension fatigue load at 40% of their ultimate tensile strength (UTS), regardless of plant fiber type and textile architecture. These findings bolster confidence in the use of PFCs for structural applications, provided special measures are taken to alleviate creep and water absorption. This article outlines the current state of the research on the durability of PFCs in terms of the three critical factors mentioned above, and also discusses the associated improvement methods, with the hope that it can provide readers with a comprehensive overview of PFCs’ durability and highlight areas worthy of further research.
Equicardinality of Bases in B-Matroids

It is very well known that any two bases of a finitary matroid (see [2] for definitions) have the same cardinality. As Dlab has shown in [1], the same does not hold for arbitrary transitive exchange spaces; indeed, since the examples Dlab constructs in [1] are matroids, it does not even hold for arbitrary matroids. Nevertheless with the aid of the generalized continuum hypothesis (G. C.H.) we are able to prove the result for B-matroids.
A queueing process with the possibility of customers becoming servers

A new queueing system called G/G/{p} is introduced and studied. In this queue, unlike standard queues, the customers after being served are allowed to become servers themselves. More precisely, at the completion of his service each customer is assumed to become a server with probability p or leave the system with probability 1 – p, independent of everything else. We make some comparisons about the waiting times and queue sizes among different queueing systems. We also study the joint distribution of the queue size, the number of servers and the number of departures at time t for exact and asymptotic behavior for large t.
Polymeric Wet-Strength Agents in the Paper Industry: An Overview of Mechanisms and Current Challenges

Polymeric wet-strength agents are important additives used in the paper industry to improve the mechanical properties of paper products, especially when they come into contact with water. These agents play a crucial role in enhancing the durability, strength, and dimensional stability of paper products. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the different types of wet-strength agents available and their mechanisms of action. We will also discuss the challenges associated with the use of wet-strength agents and the recent advances in the development of more sustainable and environmentally friendly agents. As the demand for more sustainable and durable paper products continues to grow, the use of wet-strength agents is expected to increase in the coming years.
Semi-supervised Support Vector Machine

The article considers a new approach to constructing a support vector machine with semi-supervised learning for solving a classification problem. It is assumed that the distributions of the classes may overlap. The cost function has been modified by adding elements of a penalty to it for labels not in their class. The penalty is represented as a linear function of the distance between the label and the class boundary. To overcome the problem of multicriteria, a global optimization method known as continuation is proposed. For a combination of predictions, it is suggested to use the voting method of models with different kernels. The Optuna framework was chosen as the tool for configuring hyperparameters. The following were considered as training samples: type_dataset, banana, banana_inverse, c_circles, two_moons_classic, two_moons_tight, two_moons_wide.
Interpretation of Arbitrariness of the Linguistic Sign from the Perspective of Language Production Model

Abstract Saussure (1980) gave an incisive exposition on the arbitrariness of the linguistic sign in Course in General Linguistics. During the recent years, however, many scholars have aired challenging viewpoints concerning the principle of arbitrariness from the perspective of motivation or iconicity and have even made attempts to negate the arbitrariness of the linguistic sign. Taking the basic concepts of sign, signifier, signified, etc. as the point of departure, the present study clarifies what Saussure means by arbitrariness, analyses the relationship between arbitrariness and value system, expatiates the distinction between absolute arbitrariness and relative arbitrariness, and constructs a model of language production in order to expound and further confirm arbitrariness, the principle of the linguistic sign.
NON-NEGATIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATIONS APPLIED TO IMAGE FUSION IN REMOTE SENSING

Multi-spectral images have good multi-spectral features in spite of its low spacial resolution,with little details of the earth's surface information.In contrast,panchromatic images have high spacial resolution but limited spectral features.The features of the two can be fused into fusion images,which will make it easier to evaluate or process by computation.In the present paper,several new non-negative matrix factorization(NMF)-based fusion algorithms are presented for such fusions of multi-spectral and panchromatic images,including NMF and principal component transform(PCA)-based fusion(N-PCA),NMF and lifting wavelet transform(LWT)-based fusion(N-LWT). The potentials of each are summarized.It was found that NMF applied to image fusion in remote sensing improved the quality of fusion images.A comparison of all proposed new fusion methods with PCA shows that the former is better than the later,N-LWT fusion is the best of the lot.
High-resolution neutron capture and transmission measurements, and the stellar neutron-capture cross section of Sr-88

We have made new and improved measurements of the neutron capture and total cross sections for Sr-88 at the Oak Ridge Electron Linear Accelerator (ORELA). Improvements over previous measurements include a wider incident neutron energy range, better resolution, the use of metallic rather than carbonate samples, better background subtraction, reduced sensitivity to sample-dependent backgrounds, and better pulse-height weighting functions. Because of its small cross section, the Sr-88(n,gamma) reaction is an important bottleneck during s-process nucleosynthesis. Hence, an accurate determination of this rate is needed to better constrain the neutron exposure in s-process models and to better understand the recently discovered isotopic anomalies in certain meteorites. We performed an R-matrix analysis of our capture and transmission data to extract parameters for 101 resonances between 100 eV and 350 keV. In addition, we fitted our transmission data alone to extract parameters for 342 additional resonances between 350 and 950 keV. We used this information to calculate average properties of the Sr-88+ n system for comparison to previous work. Although previous data and resonance analyses were much less extensive, they are, in general, in good agreement with our results except that the average radiation widths as well as the p-wave correlation coefficients we determined are significantly smaller, and the s-wave correlation coefficient we determined has opposite sign from that reported in previous work. We used these resonance parameters together with a calculation of the small, but significant direct-capture contribution to determine the astrophysical reaction rate for the Sr-88(n,gamma) reaction to approximately 3 needed by s-process models. Our new rate is in good agreement with the results from a high-precision activation measurement at kT=25 keV, but it is approximately 9.5 nucleosynthesis calculations in the temperature range (kT=6-8 keV), where most of the neutron exposure occurs in current stellar models of the s process. We discuss the possible astrophysical impact of this new, lower rate.
A boundary element formulation for natural convection problems

SUMMARY This paper presents a boundary element formulation employing a penalty function technique for twodimensional steady thermal convection problems. By regarding the convective and buoyancy force terms in Navier-Stokes equations as body forces, the standard elastostatics analysis can be extended to solve the Navier-Stokes equations. In a similar manner, the standard potential analysis is extended to solve the energy transport equation. Finally, some numerical results are included, for typical natural convection problems, in order to demonstrate the efficiency of the present method.
On the Theory of Elastic Stability

The object of the present paper is to derive equations that are adequate to decide questions of the stability under stress of thin shells of isotropic elastic material. Equations for the same purpose have been given by R. V. Southwell, who used a method that is closely followed in a part of this paper. Such equations must contain terms that may be, and are, neglected in applications of the theory of elasticity to problems in which the stability of configurations is not considered. The truth of Kirchhoff's uniqueness theorem, which has reference to the ordinary equations of elasticity, in which powers of the displacement co-ordinates above the first are neglected, is sufficient proof of this statement. In practice it is generally sufficient to retain only the first and second order terms, and no terms of higher order are considered here. To obtain such equations an extended form of Hooke's Law is necessary; the extension made by Southwell is used in this paper. There are then two methods available for the derivation of the equations. Either we may obtain the three conditions for the equilibrium of an elementary volume of the substance by considering the forces acting upon it, or we may calculate the energy of strain correct to the third order of displacement co-ordinates, and deduce the equations by variation of this function. The first method has been used in one place here, as it would appear to be the simpler in the particular case of a plane plate, in which only one of the equations, and that the simplest, is required. However, the stability equations for a cylindrical shell are also obtained, and then all three equations are necessary. The derivation by the first method of each one of these is a laborious matter, while using the second method there is only one calculation, that of the strain energy function, to be made. Consequently, for this purpose, as in general, the second method seems to be preferable.
Secure Video Offloading in MEC-Enabled IIoT Networks: A Multicell Federated Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach

Wireless video offloading in mobile-edge-computing (MEC)-enabled Industrial Internet of Things imposes a risk of exposing users' private data to eavesdroppers. It is difficult for existing secure video offloading schemes to simultaneously guarantee security, reduce latency and energy consumption in privacy-sensitive multicell scenarios where users are unwilling to offload data to other cells. In this article, a secure video offloading scheme based on multicell federated (MCF) deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is proposed to facilitate a secure, real-time, and efficient MEC network by efficient orchestration of limited resources. We formulate a collaborative optimization problem of video frame resolution and resources to minimize latency and energy consumption while maximizing the security rate subject to analytic accuracy and limited resources. To solve the formulated NP-hard problem, a MCF DRL algorithm based on the frameworks of multicell horizontal federated learning (FL) and hierarchical reward function-based twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient (TD3) is proposed. First of all, hierarchical reward function-based TD3 is employed to solve the collaborative optimization NP-hard problem formulated for each single cell, where the optimal solution can be efficiently approached by the agent under the guidance of the innovatively designed hierarchical reward function. Then, multicell horizontal FL is applied on TD3 to obtain a model with higher model quality by averagely aggregating multiple individual TD3 models. Simulation results reveal that the proposed algorithm outperforms comparison algorithms in terms of utility, cost, latency, energy consumption, and security rate.
False Data Injection Attack for Switched Systems

This letter studies the secure state estimation problem for switched systems. The single/joint false data injection attacks are designed with the aim at altering the sensor signal and/or switching signal. Firstly, it is shown that the attack will steer system state to infinity but could be detectable by <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\chi ^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> detector when only the switching signal is attacked. In addition, the attack acting on sensor signal is designed, which can be recognized by the summation (SUM) detector but fails by <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\chi ^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> detector. Then a joint attack strategy is devised and a sufficient condition is given to guarantee that the joint attack is strictly stealthy. The joint attack performs well since it can launch a strictly stealthy attack compared with the sensor signal attack. Finally, a numerical example is given to verify the theoretical results.