Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identifying post-earthquake debris ﬂ ow hazard using Mass ﬂ ow

Catastrophic debris ﬂ ows are common after large earthquakes and pose a signi ﬁ cant risk for recovering communities. The depositional volume of these large debris ﬂ ows is often much greater than the initiation volume, suggesting that bulking of the ﬂ ow plays an important role in determining their volume, speed, and runout distance. Observations from recent earthquakes have driven progress in understanding the relationship between triggering rainfall events and the timing of post-earthquake debris ﬂ ows. However, we lack an adequate mechanism for quantifying bulking and applying it within a hazard context. Here we apply a 2D dynamic debris ﬂ ow model (Mass ﬂ ow) that incorporates a process-based expression of basal entrainment to understand how debris ﬂ ow bulking may occur within post-earthquake catchments and develop hazard maps. Focussing on catchments in the epicentral area of the 2008 M w 7.9 Wenchuan Earthquake, we ﬁ rst parameterised the model based on a large debris ﬂ ow that occurred within the Hongchun catchment, before applying the calibrated model to adjoining catchments. A model sensitivity analysis identi ﬁ ed three main controls on debris ﬂ ow bulking; the saturation level of entrainable material along the ﬂ ow pathway, and the size and position of initial mass failures. The model demonstrates that the di ﬀ erence between small and very large debris ﬂ ows occur across a narrow range of pore-water ratios ( λ ). Below λ =0.65 ﬂ ows falter at the base of hillslopes and come to rest in the valley bottom, above λ =0.70 they build su ﬃ cient mass and momentum to sustain channelised ﬂ ow and transport large volumes of material beyond the valley con ﬁ nes. Finally, we applied the model across di ﬀ erent catchments to develop hazard maps that demonstrate the utility of Mass ﬂ ow in post-earthquake planning within the Wenchuan epicentral region.
Agrarian Dreams: The Paradox of Organic Farming in California

List of Tables List of Abbreviations Preface to the Second Edition Acknowledgments Maps 1. Agrarian Dreams 2. Finding the Way: Roads to Organic Production 3. Organic Farming: Ideal Practices and Practical Ideals 4. California Dreaming: California's Agro-Industrial Legacy 5. Organic Sediment: A Geography of Organic Production 6. Conventionalizing Organic: From Social Movement to Industry via Regulation 7. Organic Regulation Ramified 8. California Organics, Fifteen Years On Appendix Notes Glossary References Index
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Artificial skin and tissue regeneration

The use of iodine in wound healing is still controversial. Both wound healing stimulating effects and toxic effects leading to impaired wound healing have been reported. In order to study the direct effects of iodine on wound healing without interference of infectious pathogens, we investigated wound-healing parameters in noninfected experimental full-thickness wounds in the pig. Topical iodine treatment with an ointment consisting of a combination of iodine and cadexomer (modified starch), was compared with cadexomer ointment, the vehicle without iodine, and with treatment with sahne. Treatment lasted for 30 days, followed by 30 days of wound assessment. The rate of epithehalization, wound contraction, systemic iodine absorption and several immunohistochemical markers were evaluated. All 36 wounds healed without macroscopic signs of wound infection and reepithelialized within 21 days. During the first 9 days of treatment, wounds treated with cadexomer-iodine ointment showed significantly more epithehalization than the wounds treated with either cadexomer or saline. In addition, the epidermis of wounds treated with cadexomer-iodine ointment had significantly more epithelial cell layers from day 12 to day 30 and these wounds stained for chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans in the newly formed basement membrane zone, which was not observed with the other treatments. No negative effects of cadexomer-iodine ointment on the formation of granulation tissue, neovascularization or wound contraction were observed. During the treatment systemic iodine absorption was physiologically acceptable. These results showed that treatment with cadexomer-iodine containing ointment had positive effects on epidermal regeneration during the healing of full-thickness wounds in the pig compared with ointment alone or saline treatment. Introduction Cadexomer-iodine ointment is an hydrophilic modified-starch polymer with 0.9% iodine immobilized within the matrix, in an ointment base of polyethylene glycol and poloxamer. When applied on a wound, cadexomer-iodine ointment becomes moist by absorbing the wound exudate and gradually releases the incorporated iodine [13]. Several multicentre studies have found that in combination with compression therapy cadexomer-iodine ointment is an effective débrider and antiseptic agent for chronic wounds such as venous leg ulcers [17,18,25,31,35,42,43]. Used as a dressing it removes pus, debris and wound exudate from wounds and reduces bacterial counts. As a result,
The validity of eliciting and coding personal narratives: understanding the properties of coherence and richness

The current study examined the reliability and discnmmant validity of a technique for eliciting and aspessmg individuals' personal narratives Previous research has indicated the value of assessing personal narrative in order to better understand how individuals perceive self and other and develop internal models of their relationships with the world around them. Forty participants completed two personal narrative interviews, approximately two weeks apart, which vaned m level of provided structure. Participants also completed a test of verbal ability and a questionnaire pertaining to psychopathy The coherence and nchness of narrative responses to more structured interviews demonstrated considerable temporal stability. Results also indicated that individuals produce significantly greater amounts of nchness m their narrative responses to less structured, or free-form interviews when compared to structured interviews. Additionally, the nchness and coherence of individuals' narrative productions appears to be relatively independent of those individuals' verbal abilities, regardless of interview type. Finally, nchness scores proved to be inversely related to levels of overall psychopathy, or more specifically, fearlessness. These findings are discussed m terms of their impact on future investigations of personal narrative utilizing the investigated measures Additional discussion considers the ramifications of the findings m light of previously discussed theones of narrative development and function.
The role of beaver in shaping steelhead trout habitat complexity and thermal refugia in a central Oregon stream

Thermal Near Infrared (NIR) Imagery Thermal NIR imagery of lower Bridge Creek will be collected in summer 2012. This imagery will show the larger scale temperature patterns of the creek’s water surface, at snapshots in time. Figure 4 shows results of the thermal NIR imagery that was collected at a dam location on Bridge Creek in 2003, prior to restoration implementation. Circled in green is the area downstream of the beaver dam containing cooler stream temperatures. We hypothesize that this cooler water is upwelled groundwater, caused by the downwelling of water at the beaver dam upstream. These temperatures were reduced by approximately 3°C on average, from 22.3°C to 19.4°C. This is important to the steelhead trout inhabiting Bridge Creek, as temperatures in lower Bridge Creek often exceed maximum temperature limits for juvenile steelhead trout, which can be seen in Figure 4. Hicks (2000) recommends that in order to fully protect rearing juvenile steelhead, stream temperatures should be 16°C to 17°C. 3. HABITAT COMPLEXITY
Herbal Products: Benefits, Limits, and Applications in Chronic Liver Disease

Complementary and alternative medicine soughts and encompasses a wide range of approaches; its use begun in ancient China at the time of Xia dynasty and in India during the Vedic period, but thanks to its long-lasting curative effect, easy availability, natural way of healing, and poor side-effects it is gaining importance throughout the world in clinical practice. We conducted a review describing the effects and the limits of using herbal products in chronic liver disease, focusing our attention on those most known, such as quercetin or curcumin. We tried to describe their pharmacokinetics, biological properties, and their beneficial effects (as antioxidant role) in metabolic, alcoholic, and viral hepatitis (considering that oxidative stress is the common pathway of chronic liver diseases of different etiology). The main limit of applicability of CAM comes from the lacking of randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials giving a real proof of efficacy of those products, so that anecdotal success and personal experience are frequently the driving force for acceptance of CAM in the population.
Summary and general discussion

In our aging society, cognitive decline and dementia will influence the lives of a rapidly growing number of older persons and their support system. Symptoms such as anxiety and depression, that might influence the rate of cognitive decline are being studied with much interest. In this thesis we present the results of our study on the influence of anxiety and comorbid anxiety and depression on cognitive performance and cognitive decline. Furthermore, as benzodiazepines are widely used by older people (1-5) for the treatment of anxiety, nervousness and sleeping problems, their influence on cognitive performance is also under investigation. We have studied the trends in benzodiazepine use and the effect of long-term benzodiazepine use on cognitive performance. The results of these studies are also presented in this thesis. The main findings of our studies are summarized below, after which the study methodology is discussed. Subsequently, the implications of the study for public healthcare and clinical practice are discussed, followed by recommendations for further research and an overall conclusion.
,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-b ]pyrazin-5-yl)acetonitrile

: [1,2,5]Oxadiazolo[3,4-b ]pyrazines are of great interest due to their promising photophysical and electrochemical properties, as well their potential use in a wide range of electronic devices. Herein, we report on the preparation of the unexpected product derived from the interaction of 2 (cid:48) -([1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-b ]pyrazin-5-yl)- N,N -diphenyl-[1,1 (cid:48) -biphenyl]-4-amine with 2-cyanoacetic acid under basic conditions. The resulting product was characterized using 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra, high resolution mass spectrometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction analyses. Furthermore, its photophysical and electrochemical properties were studied using cyclic voltammetry, UV–Vis, and emission spectroscopy. The experimental results have been further rationalized through theoretical DFT calculations.
Exogenous and endogenous gene regulation for specific and efficient cancer gene therapy

Modulating gene expression directly at the DNA level represents a novel approach to control cellular processes. In this respect, zinc finger protein DNA-binding domains can be engineered to target virtually any gene. Coupling of a transcription activation or repression domain to these zinc fingers permits regulating gene expression at will, providing a platform of unlimited therapeutic applications. In this review, steps involved in the engineering of zinc finger protein transcription factors are described. In addition, an overview of endogenous genes successfully targeted for modulating expression by engineered zinc finger protein transcription factors is given. So far, research has mainly focused on targeting genes involved in cancer and angiogenesis, with encouraging evaluation in vivo and progression into a clinical trial. Altogether, engineered zinc finger proteins offer a new and exiting direction in the field of medical research with promising prospects.
Reflection Mechanisms as an Alignment Target: A Survey

We used Positly to survey roughly 1000 US-based workers about their attitudes on moral questions, conditions under which they would change their moral beliefs, and approval towards different mechanisms for society to resolve moral disagreements. Unsurprisingly, our sample strongly disagreed on contentious object-level moral questions such as whether abortion is immoral. In addition, a substantial fraction of people reported that these beliefs wouldn’t change even if they came to different beliefs about factors we view as morally relevant, such as whether the fetus was conscious in the case of abortion. However, people were generally favorable to the idea of society deciding policies by some means of reflection - such as democracy, a debate between well-intentioned experts, or thinking for a long time. This agreement improves in a hypothetical well-intentioned future society. Surprisingly, favorability remained even when we stipulate that the reflection procedure came to the opposite of the respondents’ view on polarizing topics like abortion. This provides evidence that people may support aligning AIs to a reflection procedure rather than individual beliefs. We tested our findings on a second adversarial survey that actively tries to disprove the finding from the first study. We find that our core results are robust in standard settings but are weakened when the questions are constructed adversarially (e.g. when decisions are made by people who have the opposite of the respondents’ moral or political beliefs).
Preventing Violence Against Children in Refugee-Camp Schools in Tanzania

Exposure to violence in childhood and adolescence is associated with adverse health and socio-economic outcomes. School is one of the most common settings where children and adolescents may experience violence; and in some countries, school staﬀ may be one of the most common perpetrators of violence against children. Levels of violence may be higher in humanitarian settings, where people are displaced and teachers and children may have recent histories of trauma. While this violence is associated with negative outcomes for students, little evidence exists on how to shift this harmful behavior, particularly within humanitarian settings. In partnership with the International Rescue Committee and Behavioral Insights Team, researchers are evaluating the impact of a school-based program, which utilizes principles of cognitive behavioral therapy, on physical and emotional violence perpetrated by teachers on students, students’ mental health outcomes, and test scores.
Assessing Sustainable Tourism Expectancies in Asia

Natural disasters and health pandemic (combined) is believed to have a significant impact to the tourism economy. This paper explores the connections between tourism and climate adaptation as a whole and the combined effects of pandemic in particular. This research shows the importance of developing sustainable tourism in diverse ASEAN regions, and to investigate the appropriate mitigations in building a more resilient economy. The expectancies of sustainable tourism in ASEAN regions are highlighted, in such a manner that gives a knowledge about the recent socio-economic transitions, as well as the changes in the natural resource that supports tourism.
Subjunctive: the (mis)behavior of anaphora and negative polarity

It has long been noticed that subjunctive clauses extend the locality domain for otherwise clause-bound processes, for example, reflexivization, pronominalization and negative polarity. These obviously syntactic effects have usually been attributed to the special semantics of subjunctive clauses, more specifically, to their special tense and truth properties. In this paper I explore a concrete mechanism which captures the link by incorporating the issues of tense (and truth) into the binding theory, without having to alter it. Moreover, I will show that this approach provides a unified explanation for the domain extension with all the three processes mentioned above. Explanations for the subjunctive puzzle so far have not been able to unify the three processes, and in particular, they have not been able to differentiate between morphologically simple reflexives, which extend their domain in subjunctives, and morphologically complex reflexives, which do not. According to the most influential syntactic analysis, tense in subjunctive clauses is anaphoric (see Anderson 1982; Pica 1984; Everaert 1984; Jakubowicz 1984; Johnson 1985, etc.). Coindexing of the subjunctive tense with the superordinate indicative tense is argued to automatically extend the
Association of Time in Range with Cognitive Impairment in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

OBJECTIVE This study investigated the association of Time In Range (TIR) obtained from Blood Glucose Monitoring (BGM) with Cognitive Impairment (CI) inpatients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and further explored whether a TIR goal for T2DM in adults with > 70% possess a protective effect on cognitive function
Serviceberry Cultivars Tested as Street Trees: Second Report

Through the Municipal Tree Restoration Program, cooperators planted eight serviceberry (Amelanchier spp.) cultivars in 15 communities for evaluation as street trees, typically comparing two in each community. Standardized measurements in years 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, and 12 revealed differences in trunk diameter, height, crown width, and health of foliage and branches. Among the four cultivars that have been tested most extensively, the main difference is that Cumulus® and Robin Hill are much taller in the twelfth year than Tradition® and Autumn Brilliance®. ‘Cole’s Select’, ‘Princess Diana’, Reflection™, and Spring Glory® also have been performing well for 6 to 10 years, but they have been tested at just one or two locations. Survival, growth, and health have been superior on more spacious sites, but with proper care, serviceberry cultivars can do well even along downtown streets. All eight of these cultivars are appropriate for planting under overhead wires.
Role of entropy in fault diagnosis of mechanical equipment: a review

Mechanical equipment is widely used in daily life and production manufacturing, and it is an indispensable part of modern society. Fault diagnosis of mechanical equipment can effectively diminish catastrophic failures and significant economic losses. How to evaluate their status is the key problem of safe operation. The monitoring data of mechanical equipment obtained by sensors can be used to analyze potential problems and fault information. The vibration signal is the most easily obtained and commonly used monitoring data of mechanical equipment. But the vibration signal is unstable and usually shows nonlinear characteristics in actual measurement, which makes it difficult to extract fault features. Entropy can quantify the complexity of time series and detect the dynamic change of nonlinear behavior. Relying on the performance of entropy, it can be used as an effective tool for dynamic characteristics and applied to the fault diagnosis of mechanical equipment. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the related research of mechanical equipment fault diagnosis based on entropy methods in recent five years. Different entropy methods are classified, and specific application methods are introduced. On this basis, these entropy methods are deeply discussed. The gaps filled by different entropy methods in mechanical equipment fault diagnosis are discussed. The problems faced by entropy methods in the application of mechanical equipment fault diagnosis are also discussed. Theoretical and engineering guidance of mechanical fault diagnosis research is provided, which is of great significance.
Estudios de Fonética Experimental

This paper presents a way to visualize pitch patterns combining acoustic features (F 0 , intensity or duration) with other variables, like a basic notation on ToBI (Tone and Break Indices) or the projection of acoustic transformations, following MAS (Melodic Analysis of Speech) model. This visualization and the previous data transformation leading to it have been carried out with Oralstats , a tool developed in R that is conceived to merge speech transcriptions with prosodic, linguistic, and other variables. Here, the multiple melodic visualizations available in Oralstats are exemplified with intonational phrases taken from a corpus of YouTubers. The complete interactive dashboard is freely available on Github .
Effect of Ultrasonication on Some Chemical Properties of Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) Oleoresin Nanoemulsion Bioactive Compounds

Nanotechnology has developed in various industrial fields. This encourages innovation in the use of additives such as antioxidants, dyes, flavors, and other active ingredients that can be modified in the form of nanoemulsions. Red ginger contains oleoresin, which has thick properties to form a paste. These properties make oleoresin difficult to mix with food, disperse, hydrophobic and susceptible to the effects of heat and light. One solution to overcome this problem is to convert oleoresin into a nanoemulsion so that it has high solubility, is stable, good bioavailability, and improves sensory properties. One technique for making nanoemulsions is ultrasonication. The high-intensity ultrasonication effect can cause the movement of the oil phase into the liquid phase in the form of droplets, thereby increasing the pressure in the liquid and resulting in the breakdown of the oil droplets into smaller sizes. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of ultrasonication on some chemical properties of the red ginger oleoresin nanoemulsion bioactive compounds, which includes antioxidant activity, total phenol, gingerol content, and droplet microstructure. The study used a completely randomized design with four treatments based on sonication time. Data from the test results were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's advanced test. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that ultrasonication had effect on the red ginger oleoresin nanoemulsion biactive compounds. The best treatment is 90 min of sonication. The antioxidant activity (IC50) was 11.45±3.48 ppm, the total phenolic content was 3342.74±283.00 mg GAE/g, and the gingerol content was 0.33 %. The nanoemulsion droplet microstructure complies with the standard; that is, the particles are in the form of small spheres, like balls, and there are no visible holes or cracks on the surface of the particles. HIGHLIGHTS Red ginger contains higher oleoresin than other types of ginger Oleoresin is in the form of a viscous paste, so it is hydrophobic Application of nanoemulsion to oleoresin can increase solubility and bioavailability One of the methods for making nanoemulsions is using ultrasonication The novelty in this research is the manufacture of red ginger oleoresin nanoemulsion using the ultrasonication method to increase the content of bioactive compounds such as antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, and gingerol GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT