Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Central Structure of the CIE SYSTEM: An Overview of the Current Status of Standard Observer Colorimetry

An early assessment of the validity of Standard Observer Colorimetry was given by Estevez in 1992 [1] and subjected to intensive discussion at the ’93 Symposium on Advanced Colorimetry, reported in full in [2] The discussions were prompted by a growing body of evidence, that CIE Standard Observer Colorimetry does not correctly predict the colour-identities of certain metameric pairs of light energy distributions. In effect the prediction of a colour match differs, on occasion strongly, with visual observation. A major contributor to the above discussions, W.A. Thornton, has documented the above failures in a major six-part paper series in Color Res. And App. [3].
Phenotypic Characterization of Oral Mucor Species from Eurasian Vultures: Pathogenic Potential and Antimicrobial Ability

Due to poisoning and decline in the food resources of Eurasian vultures, there has been a rise in the number of Griffon (Gyps fulvus) and Cinereous vultures (Aegypius monachus) needing veterinary care. In captivity, vultures often develop oral and other infectious diseases which can affect their survival and the probability of reintroduction in the wild. Therefore, it is important to characterize relevant microbial species present in the oral cavity of vultures, such as Mucor spp. In this work, seven Mucor spp. isolates previously obtained from Gyps fulvus and Aegypius monachus oral swabs collected at two rehabilitation centers in Portugal were characterized regarding their pathogenic enzymatic profile and antimicrobial activity. Isolates were identified by macro and microscopic observation, and PCR and ITS sequencing. Their antimicrobial activity was determined using a collection of pathogenic bacteria and two yeast species. Results showed that 86% of the isolates produced α-hemolysis, 71% expressed DNase, 57% produce lecithinase and lipase, 29% expressed gelatinase, and 29% were biofilm producers. Four isolates showed inhibitory activity against relevant human and veterinary clinical isolates, including Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecium, Neisseria zoodegmatis, and Staphylococcus aureus. In conclusion, accurate management programs should consider the benefits and disadvantages of Mucor spp. presence in the oral mucosa.
Membrane proteome of the thermoalkaliphile Caldalkalibacillus thermarum TA2.A1

Proteomics has greatly advanced the understanding of the cellular biochemistry of microorganisms. The thermoalkaliphile Caldalkalibacillus thermarum TA2.A1 is an organism of interest for studies into how alkaliphiles adapt to their extreme lifestyles, as it can grow from pH 7.5 to pH 11. Within most classes of microbes, the membrane-bound electron transport chain (ETC) enables a great degree of adaptability and is a key part of metabolic adaptation. Knowing what membrane proteins are generally expressed is crucial as a benchmark for further studies. Unfortunately, membrane proteins are the category of proteins hardest to detect using conventional cellular proteomics protocols. In part, this is due to the hydrophobicity of membrane proteins as well as their general lower absolute abundance, which hinders detection. Here, we performed a combination of whole cell lysate proteomics and proteomics of membrane extracts solubilised with either SDS or FOS-choline-12 at various temperatures. The combined methods led to the detection of 158 membrane proteins containing at least a single transmembrane helix (TMH). Within this data set we revealed a full oxidative phosphorylation pathway as well as an alternative NADH dehydrogenase type II (Ndh-2) and a microaerophilic cytochrome oxidase ba3. We also observed C. thermarum TA2.A1 expressing transporters for ectoine and glycine betaine, compounds that are known osmolytes that may assist in maintaining a near neutral internal pH when the external pH is highly alkaline.
Isospectral Manifold Learning Algorithm

Manifold learning based on spectral method has been widely used recently for discovering a low-dimensional representation in the high-dimensional vector space. Isospectral manifold learning is one of the main contents of spectrum method. Isospectral manifold learning stems from the conclusions that if only the spectrums of manifold are the same, so are their internal structures. However, the difficult task about the calculation of the spectrum is how to select the optimal neighborhood size and construct reasonable neighboring weights. In this paper, a supervised technique called isospectral manifold learning algorithm (IMLA) is proposed. By modifying directly sparse reconstruction weight, IMLA takes into account the within-neighboring information and between-neighboring information. Thus, it not only preserves the sparse reconstructive relationship, but also sufficiently utilizes discriminant information. Compared with PCA and other algorithms, IMLA has obvious advantages. Experimental results on face databases (Yale, ORL and Extended Yale B) show the effectiveness of the IMLA method.
Investigating the Role of Public-Private Partnership in Clean Water Provision in South Eastern Nigeria

: The study investigates the Public Private Partnership as a solution to portable water supply in southeast Nigeria, the goal is to investigate if the public-private partnership can be utilized to bring about pump water supply in the region of study. Institutionalism theory is the framework of the study, and the data for the study is generated from documentary sources. The findings include that the PPP isa good avenue to solve the perennial water problem and other infrastructural needs of the region, and the region has the institutional framework to utilize PPP to achieve this desire. The recommendations include that Public Private Partnership is an avenue to bring about the required infrastructural development but the contractual agreement and the program details must be well specified, the financial and legal agreements well-articulated and the risk-sharing responsibilities specified. The collaboration is to be monitored and supervised by the government ministries, while the menace of corruption is put in check
Structures and stability of novel transition-metal (M =Co ,Rh ,Co and Ir ) borides

Yachun Wang,1 Lailei Wu,1 Yangzheng Lin,2 Qingyang Hu,2,3 Zhiping Li,4 Hanyu Liu,5 Yunkun Zhang,1 Huiyang Gou,2,3,* Yansun Yao,5,6,† Jingwu Zhang,1 Faming Gao,4 and Ho-kwang Mao2,3 1Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, College of Material Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, People’s Republic of China 2Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5251 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington, D.C. 20015, USA 3Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 201203, People’s Republic of China 4Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, People’s Republic of China 5Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada, S7N 5E2 6Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, Canada, S7N 2V3 (Received 4 August 2015; revised manuscript received 17 September 2015; published 9 November 2015)
Influence of Gate Geometry on the Characteristics of AlGaN/GaN Nanochannel HEMTs for High-Linearity Applications

In this study, AlGaN/GaN nanochannel high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) with tri-gate (TGN-devices) and dual-gate (DGN-devices) structures were fabricated and investigated. It was found that the peak value of the transconductance (Gm), current gain cut-off frequency (fT) and power gain cut-off frequency (fmax) of the TGN-devices were larger than that of the DGN-devices because of the enhanced gate control from the top gate. Although the TGN-devices and DGN-devices demonstrated flattened transconductance, fT and fmax profiles, the first and second transconductance derivatives of the DGN-devices were lower than those of the TGN-devices, implying an improvement in linearity. With the nanochannel width decreased, the peak value of the transconductance and the first and second transconductance derivatives increased, implying the predominant influence of sidewall gate capacitance on the transconductance and linearity. The comparison of gate capacitance for the TGN-devices and DGN-devices revealed that the gate capacitance of the tri-gate structure was not simply a linear superposition of the top planar gate capacitance and sidewall gate capacitance of the dual-gate structure, which could be attributed to the difference in the depletion region shape for tri-gate and dual-gate structures.
Origins of Moist Air in Global Lagrangian Simulations of the Madden–Julian Oscillation

Many recent studies have characterized the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) as a moisture mode, suggesting that its amplification and eastward propagation result from processes that build up moisture to the east of the MJO’s convective center, including frictionally driven boundary layer convergence, surface fluxes, and shallow convection. Discussions of MJO moistening under this theory often implicitly assume an Eulerian framework; i.e., that local increases in moisture result from physical processes acting in the same location as the moistening is observed. In this study, the authors examine MJO moistening in a Lagrangian framework using a model that simulates atmospheric circulations by predicting the motions of individual air parcels. Back trajectories are presented for parcels in moist convecting regions of the MJO, and the effects of different physical processes on their moisture and moist static energy budgets are quantified. The Lagrangian MJO simulations suggest that much of the low-level moist air in heavily precipitating regions of the MJO arrives via the mid troposphere, coming from nearby equatorial regions, where it has been moistened largely by convective processes. Consequently, a thorough understanding of MJO moistening requires knowledge of the origin of the moist air and information about remote moisture sources.
Sign changing periodic solutions for the Chafee–Infante equation

ABSTRACT This paper is concerned with the existence of sign changing periodic solutions for the Chafee–Infante equation , subject to homogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition. If , where is the m-th eigenvalue of the one-dimensional Laplacian, then there exists a periodic solution, whose zero number is less than or equal to . Specially, if is independent of t, there exists sign changing stationary solutions. Furthermore, numerical simulations verify our result. In some sense, we generalize the result of Bartsch, Polácik and Quittner [Theorem 1.8] 1 to the case of Chafee–Infante equation.
PENGGUNAAN BAHAN PENGEMULSI ALGINAT DAN SUBSTITUSI TEPUNG KENTANG PADA PEMBUATAN BAKSO IKAN GABUS (Channa striata)

Bakso ikan merupakan salah satu produk olahan yang menggunakan daging ikan sebagai bahan baku utama produk. Bahan baku yang dapat digunakan adalah ikan gabus ( Channa striata ). Ikan gabus memiliki kandungan protein yang cukup tinggi, akan tetapi memiliki kandungan air yang tinggi pula, sehingga jika diolah menjadi bakso, dibutuhkan bahan tambahan lain yang dapat memperbaiki tekstrur dari bakso ikan tersebut. Penggunaan Alginat dapat berperan sebagai emulsifier , sedangkan tepung kentang dapat berperan untuk memperbaki tekstur bakso yang dihasilkan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik bakso ikan gabus ( Channa striata ) yang ditambahkan alginat dan substitusi tepung kentang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen dengan rancangan percobaan 2 faktor, yaitu faktor pertama penambahan alginate (0%; 0.75%; 1%) dan faktor kedua substitusi tepung kentang (0%; 5%; 7.5%; 10%; 12.5%) dengan 3 kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian terbaik ditunjukkan pada bakso ikan gabus dengan penambahan 1% alginat dan 7,5% tepung kentang; dengan hasil analisis karakteristik yaitu kekerasan 1,28 N, kekenyalan sebesar 0,005 kg/mm 2 , kadar protein 20,24%; kadar air 61,01%, kadar lemak 1,22%, kadar abu 1,43%, kadar karbohidrat 16,10%, a w 0,84. Dan untuk nilai karakteristik organoleptik yaitu rasa 6,3 warna 6,77 tekstur 6,3 dan aroma 6,3. Selanjutnya, perlu diketahui berapa lama masa simpan dari bakso tersebut. Keywords : Alginat, Bakso ikan, ikan gabus ( Channa striata ), Tepung Kentang.
Characteristics of Unripened Cow Milk Curd Cheese Enriched with Raspberry (Rubus idaeus), Blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) and Elderberry (Sambucus nigra) Industry By-Products

The aim of this study was to apply raspberry (Ras), blueberry (Blu) and elderberry (Eld) industry by-products (BIB) for unripened cow milk curd cheese (U-CC) enrichment. Firstly, antimicrobial properties of the BIBs were tested, and the effects of the immobilization in agar technology on BIB properties were evaluated. Further, non-immobilized (NI) and agar-immobilized (AI) BIBs were applied for U-CC enrichment, and their influence on U-CC parameters were analyzed. It was established that the tested BIBs possess desirable antimicrobial (raspberry BIB inhibited 7 out of 10 tested pathogens) and antioxidant activities (the highest total phenolic compounds (TPC) content was displayed by NI elderberry BIB 143.6 mg GAE/100 g). The addition of BIBs to U-CC increased TPC content and DPPH− (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl)-radical scavenging activity of the U-CC (the highest TPC content was found in C-RaNI 184.5 mg/100 g, and strong positive correlation between TPC and DPPH− of the U-CC was found, r = 0.658). The predominant fatty acid group in U-CC was saturated fatty acids (SFA); however, the lowest content of SFA was unfolded in C-EldAI samples (in comparison with C, on average, by 1.6 times lower). The highest biogenic amine content was attained in C-EldAI (104.1 mg/kg). In total, 43 volatile compounds (VC) were identified in U-CC, and, in all cases, a broader spectrum of VCs was observed in U-CC enriched with BIBs. After 10 days of storage, the highest enterobacteria number was in C-BluNI (1.88 log10 CFU/g). All U-CC showed similar overall acceptability (on average, 8.34 points); however, the highest intensity of the emotion “happy” was expressed by testing C-EldNI. Finally, the BIBs are prospective ingredients for U-CC enrichment in a sustainable manner and improved nutritional traits.
Modeling of GPS total electron content over the African low-latitude region using empirical orthogonal functions

Abstract. In this paper, an empirical total electron content (TEC) model and trends in the TEC over the African low-latitude region are presented. GPS-derived TEC data from Malindi, Kenya (geographic coordinates 40.194∘ E, 2.996∘ S), and global ionospheric maps (GIMs) were used. We employed an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis method together with least-squares regression to model the TEC. The EOF-based TEC model was validated through comparisons with GIMs, the GPS-derived TEC and the TEC derived from the International Reference Ionosphere 2016 (IRI-2016) model for selected quiet and storm conditions. The single-station EOF-based TEC model over Malindi satisfactorily reproduced the known diurnal, semiannual and annual variations in the TEC. Comparison of the EOF-based TEC model results with the TEC derived from the IRI-2016 model showed that the EOF-based model predicted the TEC over Malindi with fewer errors than the IRI-2016. For the selected storms, the EOF-based TEC model simulated the storm time TEC response over Malindi better than the IRI-2016. In the case of the regional model, the EOF-based TEC model was able to reproduce the TEC characteristics in the equatorial ionization anomaly region. The EOF-based TEC model was then used as a background for estimating TEC trends. A latitudinal dependence in the trends was observed over the African low-latitude region.
Integrated Design Fabrication and Control of a Bioinspired Multimaterial Soft Robotic Hand

Machines that mimic humans have inspired scientists for centuries. Bioinspired soft robotic hands are a good example of such an endeavor, featuring intrinsic material compliance and continuous motion to deal with uncertainty and adapt to unstructured environments. Recent research led to impactful achievements in functional designs, modeling, fabrication, and control of soft robots. Nevertheless, the full realization of life-like movements is still challenging to achieve, often based on trial-and-error considerations from design to fabrication, consuming time and resources. In this study, a soft robotic hand is proposed, composed of soft actuator cores and an exoskeleton, featuring a multimaterial design aided by finite element analysis (FEA) to define the hand geometry and promote finger’s bendability. The actuators are fabricated using molding, and the exoskeleton is 3D-printed in a single step. An ON–OFF controller keeps the set fingers’ inner pressures related to specific bending angles, even in the presence of leaks. The FEA numerical results were validated by experimental tests, as well as the ability of the hand to grasp objects with different shapes, weights, and sizes. This integrated solution will make soft robotic hands more available to people, at a reduced cost, avoiding the time-consuming design-fabrication trial-and-error processes.
Optics in Isabelle/HOL

Lenses provide an abstract interface for manipulating data types through spatially separated views. They are defined abstractly in terms of two functions, get, the return a value from the source type, and put that updates the value. We mechanise the underlying theory of lenses, in terms of an algebraic hierarchy of lenses, including well-behaved and very well-behaved lenses, each lens class being characterised by a set of lens laws. We also mechanise a lens algebra in Isabelle that enables their composition and comparison, so as to allow construction of complex lenses. This is accompanied by a large library of algebraic laws. Moreover we also show how the lens classes can be applied by instantiating them with a number of Isabelle data types. This theory development is based on our recent paper, which shows how lenses can be used to unify heterogeneous representations of state-spaces in formalised programs.
Fusion of multispectral imagery and DSMs for building change detection using belief functions and reliabilities

ABSTRACT The extraction of building changes from very high resolution satellite images is an important but challenging task in remote sensing. Digital Surface Models (DSMs) generated from stereo imagery have proved to be valuable additional data sources for this task. In order to efficiently use the change information from the DSMs and spectral images, belief functions have . been introduced. In this article, two-step building change detection fusion models based on both Dempster-Shafer Theory (DST) and Dezert-Smarandache Theory (DSmT) frameworks are proposed. In the first step, basic belief assignments (BBAs) of the change indicators from images and DSMs are calculated by using a refined sigmoidal BBA model. Then these BBAs are employed for the new proposed building change detection decision fusion approach. In order to cover the miss-detections introduced by the wrong height values of the DSMs and incomplete information from images, disparity maps from the DSM generation procedure and shadow maps from the multispectral channels are adopted to generate reliability maps, which are further integrated to the fusion models. In the last step, building change masks are generated based on four decision-making criteria. In the experimental part of this work, we evaluate the performance of this new building change detection method on real satellite images thanks to a building change reference mask representing the ground truth. Substantial accuracy improvements are achieved when comparing the new results with those obtained from classical 3D change detection approaches.
Research on the Control of Gastrointestinal Strongyles in Sheep by Using Lotus corniculatus or Cichorium intybus in Feed

The general practice of sheep farmers in gastrointestinal helminth control is based on the use of commercial drugs, making chemoresistance very common. Considering this, our study focused on the biological control of gastrointestinal parasitism using high-tannin plant hay. Three groups of 30 animals each were formed. The control group was additionally fed meadow hay, while the other two groups received chicory (group 2) and bird’s foot trefoil hay (group 3). The number of gastrointestinal strongyle eggs, shed through faeces (EPG), was surveyed for 28 days for all animals. The amounts of total tannins for meadow, chicory, and Lotus corniculatus hay supplements were 13.92 mg/g, 78.59 mg/g, and 94.43 mg/g, while their condensed tannin contents were 2.58 mg/g, 29.84 mg/g, and 15.94 mg/g, respectively. Compared to experimental day 0, there was an increase in EPG of 80.83% in the control group, a decrease of 24.72% in group 2, and a 20% decrease in group 3, by day 28. The p-value was <0.05 between group 1 and the other groups, showing significant differences between the control and experimental groups. The decrease in EPG rates in the experimental groups compared to the control group demonstrates an antiparasitic effect of Lotus corniculatus and chicory.
The Vapnik-Chervonenkis Dimension of Norms on $\mathbb{R}^d$

The Vapnik-Chervonenkis dimension of a collection of subsets of a set is an important combinatorial parameter in machine learning. In this paper we show that the VC dimension of the family of d-dimensional cubes in $\mathbb{R}^d$ (that is, the closed balls according to the $\ell^\infty$ norm) is $\lfloor (3d+1)/2 \rfloor$. We also prove that the VC dimension of certain families of convex sets in $\mathbb{R}^2$ (including the balls of all norms) is at most 3, and that there is a norm in $\mathbb{R}^3$ the collection of whose balls has infinite VC dimension.
Parameterized complexity of decision problems in non-classical logics

Parameterized complexity is a branch of a computational complexity. The pioneers of this new and promising research field are Downey and Fellows [DF99]. They suggest to examine the structural properties of a given problem and restrict the instance by a parameter. In this thesis we investigate the parameterized complexity of various problems in default logic and in temporal logics. In the first section of Chapter 3 we introduce a dynamic programming algorithm which decides whether a given default theory has a consistent stable extension in fpt-time and enumerates all generating defaults that lead to a stable extension with a pre-computation step that is linear in the input theory and triple exponential in the tree-width followed by a linear delay to output solutions. In the second part of this chapter we lift the notion of backdoors to the field of default logics. We consider two problems, first we are interested to detect a backdoor and then to evaluate it for the target formulae classes HORN, KROM, POSITIVE-UNITand MONOTONE. In Chapter 4, we investigate the parameterized complexity of problems in various temporal logics. In the first section we introduce several graph-like structures for formula representation and the corresponding notion of tree-width and path-width. To obtain the fixed parameter tractability of different fragments, we generalize the prominent Courcelle’s Theorem to work for infinite signatures. In this section, we also consider Boolean operator fragments in the sense of Post’s lattice. In the second part of Chapter 4 we introduce the notion of backdoors for the globally fragment of linear temporal logic. Again, our problems of interest are to detect a backdoor and to evaluate it, this time, for the target formulae classes HORN and KROM.