Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Specialists’ Dual Practice within Public Hospital Setting: Evidence from Malaysia

In line with the commitment of the Malaysian government and Ministry of Health to prevent the brain drain of specialists from public hospitals, they have been permitted to perform dual practice within the public hospital setting (DPH) since 2007. DPH allowed them to hold jobs in both public and private practices within the same public hospitals that they are affiliated to, permitting these specialists to treat public and private patients. Nevertheless, the information regarding DPH in Southeast Asia region is still limited. This narrative review provides insight into the implementation of DPH in Malaysia. It highlights that DPH has been well-governed and regulated by the MOH while serving as a means to retain specialists in the public healthcare system by providing them with opportunities to obtain additional income. Such a policy has also reduced the financial burden of the government in subsidizing healthcare. However, as in other countries with similar policies, multiple challenges have arisen from the implementation of DPH in Malaysia despite its positive achievements and potentials. This paper concludes that proactive governance, monitoring, and regulation are key to ensure the success of DPH.
Seismic Induced Ground Deformation and Ionospheric Perturbations of the 29 July 2021, Mw 8.2 Chignik Earthquake, Alaska

The subsurface, surface, and ionospheric characteristics associated with the 29 July 2021 Mw 8.2 Chignik Earthquake are studied in detail using continuous Global Positioning System (cGPS) data over Alaska. The cGPS‐inverted coseismic displacements demonstrate that the slip is distributed along the rupture area northeast of the epicenter with a maximum coseismic slip of ∼3.85 m occurring at a depth of ∼24.25 km. The vertical surface displacement estimated from the coseismic slip exhibits a similar deformation pattern with a maximum uplift of ∼1.0 m over the highly slip area. The ionospheric electron density perturbations associated with the Chignik earthquake were investigated using cGPS‐derived Total Electron Content (TEC) data. Unlike the northeast‐directed coseismic rupture and surface uplift, the ionospheric imprints of this event are more dominant southwest of the epicenter. This study reveals that the Earth's magnetic field and the ionospheric background electron density significantly controlled the TEC perturbation orientation and amplitudes rather than the rupture propagation and coseismic uplift pattern.
Applications and computation of orthogonal polynomials : conference at the Mathematical Research Institute Oberwolfach, Germany, March 22-28, 1998

The sensitivity of least squares polynomial approximation. - Transpose-free look-ahead algorithms for Lanczos' method. - Applications of anti-Gauss quadrature rules in linear algebra. - Stieltjes polynomials and the error of Gauss-Kronrod quadrature formulas. - Fast solution of confluent Vandermonde-like linear systems using polynomial arithmetic. - On discrete polynomial least-squares approximation in moving time windows. - Quadrature rules based on s-orthogonal polynomials for evaluating integrals with strong singularities. - Gegenbauer weight functions admitting L2 Duffin and Schaeffer type inequalities. - Questions related to Gaussian quadrature formulas and two-term recursions. - Construction and computation of a new set of orthogonal polynomials. - Fourier transforms of orthogonal polynomials of singular continuous spectral measures. - On a sequence of fast decreasing polynomial operators. - Muntz orthogonal polynomials and their numerical evaluation. - Positivity of Gauss-Kronrod formulae for a certain ultraspherical weight function. - A Christoffel-Darboux-type formula for Szego polynomials and polynomial evaluation. - Applications of tensor-valued tri-variate Hermite polynomials and spherical harmonics in the kinetic theory of gases. - Indeterminate moment problems and a conjecture on the growth of the entire functions in the Nevanlinna parametrization. - Spectral methods based on nonclassical orthogonal polynomials. - Author index.
Stokes IQUV magnetic Doppler imaging of Ap stars – II. Next generation magnetic Doppler imaging of α2 CVn

We present updated magnetic field maps of the chemically peculiar B9p star alpha(2) CVn created using a series of time-resolved observations obtained using the high-resolution spectropolarimeters ESPaDOnS and Narval. We compare these new magnetic field maps with the original magnetic Doppler imaging maps based on spectra recorded with the MuSiCoS spectropolarimeter and taken a decade earlier. These new maps are inferred from line profiles in all four Stokes parameters using the magnetic Doppler imaging code INVERS10. With the addition of new lines exhibiting Stokes IQUV signatures, we have a unique insight into how the derived magnetic surface structure may be affected by the atomic lines chosen for inversion. We report new magnetic maps of alpha(2) CVn created using strong iron lines (directly comparable to the published MuSiCoS maps), weak iron lines and chromium lines, all of which yield a magnetic field structure roughly consistent with that obtained previously. We then derive an updated magnetic structure map for alpha(2) CVn based on the complete sample of Fe and Cr lines, which we believe to produce a more representative model of the magnetic topology of alpha(2) CVn. In agreement with the previous mapping, this new updated magnetic map shows a dipolar-like field which has complex sub-structure which cannot be explained by a simple low-order multipolar geometry. Our new maps show that regardless of the atomic line or species choice, the reconstructed magnetic field is consistent with that published previously, suggesting that the reconstructed field is a realistic representation of the magnetic field of alpha(2) CVn. alpha(2) CVn is the first Ap star for which multiple, high-resolution magnetic maps have been derived, providing important observational evidence for the stability of both the large- and small-scale magnetic field.
Magnetic flux density and the critical field in the intermediate state of type-I superconductors

To address unsolved fundamental problems of the intermediate state (IS), the equilibrium magnetic flux structure and the critical field in a high-purity type-I superconductor (indium film) are investigated using magneto-optical imaging with a three-dimensional vector magnet and electrical transport measurements. The least expected observation is that the critical field in the IS can be as small as nearly 40% of the thermodynamic critical field Hc. This indicates that the flux density in the bulk of normal domains can be considerably less than Hc, in apparent contradiction with the long-established paradigm, stating that the normal phase is unstable in fields below Hc. Here we present a theoretical model consistently describing this and all other properties of the IS. Moreover, our model, based on a rigorous thermodynamic treatment of the observed equilibrium flux structure in a tilted field, allows for a quantitative determination of the domain-wall parameter and the coherence length, and provides new insight into the properties of superconductors. © 2014 American Physical Society.
Constraining the dark energy equation of state with double‐source plane strong lenses

We investigate the possibility of constraining the dark energy equation of state by measuring the ratio of Einstein radii in a strong gravitational lens system with two source planes. This quantity is independent of the Hubble parameter and directly measures the growth of angular diameter distances as a function of redshift. We investigate the prospects for a single double-source plane system and for a forecast population of systems discovered by re-observing a population of single-source lenses already known from a photometrically selected catalogue such as Cambridge and Sloan survey of wide arcs in the sky or from a spectroscopically selected catalogue such as Sloan Lens ACS survey. We find that constraints comparable to current data sets (σ(w) ∼ 15 per cent) are possible with a handful of double-source plane systems. We also find that the method's degeneracy between ΩM and w is almost orthogonal to that of cosmic microwave background and Baryon Acoustic Oscillations measurements, making this method highly complimentary to current probes.
Quantum-orbit analysis of high-order harmonic generation by resonant plasmon field enhancement

We perform a detailed analysis of high-order harmonic generation (HHG) in atoms within the strong field approximation (SFA) by considering spatially inhomogeneous monochromatic laser fields. We investigate how the individual pairs of quantum orbits contribute to the harmonic spectra. We show that in the case of inhomogeneous fields, the electron tunnels with two different canonical momenta. One of these momenta leads to a higher cutoff and the other one develops a lower cutoff. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the quantum orbits have a very different behavior in comparison to the homogeneous field. We also conclude that in the case of the inhomogeneous fields, both odd and even harmonics are present in the HHG spectra. Within our model, we show that the HHG cutoff extends far beyond the standard semiclassical cutoff in spatially homogeneous fields. Our findings are in good agreement both with quantum mechanical and classical models.
H i intensity mapping: a single dish approach

We discuss the detection of large-scale H I intensity fluctuations using a single dish approach with the ultimate objective of measuring the baryonic acoustic oscillations (BAO) and constraining the properties of dark energy. To characterize the signal we present 3D power spectra, 2D angular power spectra for individual redshift slices and also individual line-of-sight spectra computed using the S 3 simulated H I catalogue which is based on the Millennium Simulation. We consider optimal instrument design and survey strategies for a single dish observation at low and high redshift for a fixed sensitivity. For a survey corresponding to an instrument with T sys = 50 K, 50 feedhorns and 1 year of observations, we find that at low redshift (z ? 0.3), a resolution of ? 40 arcmin and a survey of ? 5000 deg 2 is close to optimal, whereas at higher redshift (z ? 0.9) a resolution of ? 10 arcmin and ? 500 deg 2 would be necessary - something which would be difficult to achieve cheaply using a single dish. Continuum foreground emission from the Galaxy and extragalactic radio sources are potentially a problem. In particular, we suggest that it could be that the dominant extragalactic foreground comes from the clustering of very weak sources. We assess its amplitude and discuss ways by which it might be mitigated. We then introduce our concept for a dedicated single dish telescope designed to detect BAO at low redshifts. It involves an underillumintated static ? 40 m dish and a ? 60 element receiver array held ? 90 m above the underilluminated dish. Correlation receivers will be used with each main science beam referenced against an antenna pointing at one of the celestial poles for stability and control of systematics. We make sensitivity estimates for our proposed system and projections for the uncertainties on the power spectrum after 1 year of observations. We find that it is possible to measure the acoustic scale at z ? 0.3 with an accuracy ? 2.4 per cent and that w can be measured to an accuracy of 16 per cent.
Diagnostic Modalities Used in Diagnosing Gastroparesis: A Clinical Review

Gastroparesis is associated with abnormal gastric motility characterized by delayed gastric emptying without any obvious mechanical gastric outlet obstruction or blockage. Gastroparesis is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. It is pertinent to make a timely diagnosis of gastroparesis so that prompt treatment can be initiated. The purpose of this clinical review article is to help the internist and the primary care providers to get a better idea of various diagnostic modalities used in diagnosing gastroparesis. We have also discussed the advantages and disadvantages of various diagnostic modalities based on the latest evidence.
Towards Classification of Architectural Styles of Chinese Traditional Settlements Using Deep Learning: A Dataset, a New Framework, and Its Interpretability

The classification of architectural style for Chinese traditional settlements (CTSs) has become a crucial task for developing and preserving settlements. Traditionally, the classification of CTSs primarily relies on manual work, which is inefficient and time consuming. Inspired by the tremendous success of deep learning (DL), some recent studies attempted to apply DL networks such as convolution neural networks (CNNs) to achieve automated classification of the architecture styles. However, these studies suffer overfitting problems of the CNNs, leading to inferior classification performance. Moreover, most of the studies apply the CNNs as a black box providing limited interpretability. To address these limitations, a new DL classification framework is proposed in this study to overcome the overfitting problem by transfer learning and learning-based data augmentation technique (i.e., AutoAugment). Furthermore, we also employ class activation map (CAM) visualization technique to help understand how the CNN classifiers work to abstract patterns from the input. Specifically, due to a lack of architectural style datasets for the CTSs, a new annotated dataset is first established with six representative classes. Second, several representative CNNs are leveraged to benchmark the new dataset. Third, to address the overfitting problem of the CNNs, a new DL framework is proposed which combines transfer learning and AutoAugment to improve the classification performance. Extensive experiments are conducted on the new dataset to demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework. The proposed framework achieves much better performance than baselines, greatly mitigating the overfitting problem. Additionally, the CAM visualization technique is harnessed to explain what and how the CNN classifiers implicitly learn for recognizing a specified architectural style.
Broke Scale Invariance Ward Identities for the Homogeneous Electron Gas

We derive exact equations for a broken scale invariance of the homogeneous electron gas HEG, and show that they lead to a closed non-linear integral equation for the density- density correlation function when evaluated to leading order in the 1/N expansion. More generally, the identity leads to a sequence of more refined systems of equations, which close on a finite number of one plasmon irreducible (1PLI) correlation functions.
A model to reduce insider cybersecurity threats in a South African telecommunications company

Background: Cybersecurity breaches have become a growing challenge in today’s digital economy. Organisations are faced with the responsibility of protecting their information resources from cybersecurity threats, and insider threats are one of them. Organisations have sophisticated technologies to protect themselves against these attacks, and their employees are often less guarded when it comes to protecting valuable company information systems.Objectives: This research was aimed to develop and conceptualise a model to reduce cybersecurity insider threats in a South African telecommunication organisation.Method: This study was conducted using a survey research approach, where close-ended questionnaires were utilised to collect data from respondents. The collected data was then analysed using IBM Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). Results: The findings of the study indicated that personal norms in the domain of cybersecurity have a positive influence on individuals’ attitude towards engaging in cybersecurity misbehaviour, and this has a significant relationship with their reduction of insider threats (RIT). Conclusion: This study suggests that management should give close and thoughtful attention to factors that encourage their employees to engage in cybersecurity misbehaviour. As an efficient and effective approach to mitigate the risk of cybersecurity insider threats, identification and classification of these factors should be followed by proper planning with a goal of reducing their negative effect on employees’ behaviour.
Magnonic crystals for data processing

Magnons (the quanta of spin waves) propagating in magnetic materials with wavelengths at the nanometer-scale and carrying information in the form of an angular momentum can be used as data carriers in next-generation, nano-sized low-loss information processing systems. In this respect, artificial magnetic materials with properties periodically varied in space, known as magnonic crystals, are especially promising for controlling and manipulating magnon currents. In this article, different approaches for the realization of static, reconfigurable, and dynamic magnonic crystals are presented along with a variety of novel wave phenomena discovered in these crystals. Special attention is devoted to the utilization of magnonic crystals for processing of analog and digital information.
Investigation of green-glued laminated timber from the Congo Basin: durability, mechanical strength and variability trends of the bondlines

The development of glulam may give complementary, added-value to an important part of the timber production in the Congo Basin. Nevertheless, the high humidity in which these timbers operate may cause problems such as cracks and severe deformations if they are not suitably bonded. Moreover, there is a lack of knowledge concerning the refined design of the bondlines of glulam assembling from the Congo Basin hardwoods. We investigated the durability, mechanical strength, and variability features of the bondlines, manufactured under higher moisture conditions. Eight hardwood species with very different properties were selected. A one-component polyurethane adhesive was used. Industrial gluing parameters were kept constant. Delamination, shear tests and analysis of bondlines thickness were carried out. Multivariate analysis and a goodness-of-fit test of the strength variability of the bondlines were performed. Optimum bondlines thicknesses were obtained. Their durability exhibited satisfactory trends up to a density of 750 kg/m3. The behaviour of the bondlines can operate in three homogeneous groups. In each of them, the variability of the shear strength can be properly modelled using a 3-parameter Weibull probability. Wood failure trends were in accordance with several international requirements. The density value of 750 kg/m3 appeared as critical for the compatibility between the shear strength, the durability and the bondlines thickness. The overall results showed the ability of several tropical timber species to be valorised in green-glulam applications. Moreover, the findings unlock new trends concerning a reliable and safe design of tropical glulam as a structural wood-based product.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Neurodegenerative Disorders: Role of Nutritional Supplementation

Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multisystem atrophy, and progressive supranuclear palsy. This article is concerned specifically with mitochondrial dysfunction as defined by reduced capacity for ATP production, the role of depleted levels of key nutritionally related metabolites, and the potential benefit of supplementation with specific nutrients of relevance to normal mitochondrial function in the above neurodegenerative disorders. The article provides a rationale for a combination of CoQ10, B-vitamins/NADH, L-carnitine, vitamin D, and alpha-lipoic acid for the treatment of the above neurodegenerative disorders.
Rotational support of giant clumps in high-z disc galaxies

We address the internal support against total free-fall col lapse of the giant clumps that form by violent gravitational instability in high-z disc galaxies. Guidance is provided by an analytic model, where the proto-clumps are cut from a rotating disc and collapse to equilibrium while preserving angular momentum. This model predicts prograde clump rotation, which dominates the support if the clump has contracted to a surface-density contrast > ∼10. This is confirmed in hydro-AMR zoom-in simulations of galaxies in a cosmological context. In most high-z clumps, the centrifugal force dominates the support, R ≡ V 2 rot/V 2 circ > 0.5, where Vrot is the rotation velocity and the circular velocity Vcirc measures the potential well. The clump spin indeed tends to be in the sense of the global disc angular momentum, but substantial tilts are frequent, reflecting the highly wa rped nature of the high-z discs. Most clumps are in Jeans equilibrium, with the rest of the support provided by turbulence, partly driven by the gravitational instability itself. The general agreement between model and simulations indicates that angular-momentum loss or gain in most clumps is limited to a factor of two. Simulations of isolated gas-rich discs that resolve the clump substructure reveal that the cosmological simulations may overestimate R by ∼30%, but the dominance of rotational support at high z is not a resolution artifact. In turn, isolated gas-poor dis c simulations produce at z = 0 smaller gaseous non-rotating transient clouds, indicatin g that the difference in rotational support is associated with the fra ction of cold baryons in the disc. In our current cosmological simulations, the clump rotation velocity is typically more than twice the disc dispersion, Vrot ∼100kms −1 , but when beam smearing of >0.1 arcsec is imposed, the rotation signal is reduced to a small gradient of 6 30kms −1 kpc −1 across the clump. The velocity dispersion in the simulated clumps is comparable to the disc dispersion so it is expected to leave only a marginal signal for any beam smearing. Retrograde minor-merging galaxies could lead to massive clumps that do not show rotation even when marginally resolved. Testable predictions of the scenario as simulate d are that the mean stellar age of the clumps, and the stellar fraction, are declining linearl y with distance from the disc center.
The Torelli problem for Logarithmic bundles of hypersurface arrangements in the projective space

Let $ \mathcal{D} = \{D_{1}, \ldots, D_{\ell}\} $ be an arrangement of smooth hypersurfaces with normal crossings on the complex projective space $ \mathbb{P}^{n} $ and let $ \Omega^{1}_{\mathbb{P}^{n}}(log \mathcal{D}) $ be the logarithmic bundle attached to it. Our aim is to study the injectivity of the correspondence $ \mathcal{D} \longrightarrow \Omega^{1}_{\mathbb{P}^{n}}(log \mathcal{D}) $. In order to do that, we first show that $ \Omega^{1}_{\mathbb{P}^{n}}(log \mathcal{D}) $ admits a resolution of length $ 1 $ depending on the degrees and on the equations of $ D_{1}, \ldots, D_{\ell} $. Then, we prove a Torelli type theorem when $ \mathcal{D} $ has a sufficiently large number of components of the same degree $ d $, by recovering them as unstable smooth irreducible degree-$d$ hypersurfaces of $ \Omega^{1}_{\mathbb{P}^{n}}(log \mathcal{D}) $. The cases of one quadric and a pair of quadrics in $ \mathbb{P}^{n} $ are not Torelli; in particular, through a duality argument, we prove that the isomorphism class of the logarithmic bundle attached to a pair of quadrics is determined by the tangent hyperplanes to the pair. Finally, by describing the moduli spaces containing $ \Omega^{1}_{\mathbb{P}^{2}}(log \mathcal{D}) $, we show that some line-conic arrangements are not of Torelli type.