Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Controls on the quality of Archean metamorphic and Jurassic volcanic reservoir rocks from the Xinglongtai buried hill, western depression of Liaohe basin, China

The common belief among many petroleum geologists that regions of volcanic and metamorphic rocks are generally to be avoided as potential hydrocarbon reservoirs has greatly slowed the research and exploration efforts on hydrocarbon potential in volcanic and metamorphic rocks. However, many hydrocarbon-bearing basins containing volcanic and metamorphic rocks have been found in convergent margin settings and in rift basins. This article describes the reservoir lithofacies and wire-line logs and elucidates the parameters controlling reservoir-quality evolution of Archean metamorphic and Jurassic volcanic rocks from the Xinglongtai buried hill, western depression of the Liaohe basin, China. Four lithofacies (pyroclastics, lavas, volcaniclastics, and volcaniclastic-epiclastics) have been identified in the Jurassic volcanic reservoir rocks, each having different pore types and variable porosity and permeability values and, thus, different reservoir potentials. Pore types in the volcanic rocks include voids, fractures, fissures, weathering cracks, interstices, and vesicles. The volcanic-rock reservoir evolution is primarily controlled by the burial-thermal diagenesis. Plastic deformation and alteration of the biotite during the eogenetic phase led to the considerable loss of primary pores. Destruction of the primary porosity by compaction was limited by the presence of eogenetic carbonate and zeolite cement formation. Dissolution during the deep-burial mesogenetic phase and during near-surface leaching and erosion in the intervening volcanic eruptions enhanced the permeability and increased reservoir quality. The pore types in the Archean metamorphic reservoir include fractures, dissolution voids, and weathering fissures. Where the Jurassic volcanic rocks or the Paleogene source rocks directly cover the weathered zone, the fissures and fractures have remained open, but where the metamorphic rocks are covered by the Mesozoic mudstones, most fissures are filled with mud and iron oxides. Reservoir quality of the Archean metamorphic and Jurassic volcanic rocks is also partly related to the paleogeomorphology of the area. Rocks in the paleohighs and in adjacent transitional areas have enhanced reservoir properties greater than those in paleolows because of more extensive weathering and the development of vugs and fissures.
The Seismic Wavefield, Volume II: Interpretation of Seismograms on Regional and Global Scales

Volume II of Brian Kennett's book, The Seismic Wavefield, is entitled “Interpretation of Seismograms on Regional and Global Scales. ” The first volume in this series is entitled “Introduction and Theoretical Development,” and was published in 2001. The current volume is divided into three parts, 17 chapters, and an appendix. By way of numerous observations and illustrations, this volume introduces the reader to the various regional and global seismic phases. Here is where one learns how to distinguish Pn from Pg, how to unravel the PKP traveltime branches, and where to look for Love. The writing is clear and concise, the references are plentiful, and the quality of the figures is excellent.
Line-of-sight EM propagation experiment at 10.25 GHz in the tropical ocean evaporation duct

An experimental investigation into anomalous propagation of microwave emissions transmitted from a low altitude in a tropical maritime environment is described. The measured amplitude values are compared with predicted values which were obtained by solving the parabolic equation. Knowledge of the refractive index profile, necessary for the parabolic equation formulation is obtained simultaneously from measurements of pressure, temperature and humidity taken on board a spar buoy located along the propagation path. Results show large variations in signal strength depending on the atmospheric conditions. In the absence of strong turbulence or precipitation, general agreement between the measured and predicted readings are observed.
Comparison of superresolution algorithms

Resolution is a fundamental limitation of any processing based on radar data. Conventional radar imaging techniques, in general, make use of the FFT to determine the spatial location of a target from its scattered field. The resolution of these images is limited by the bandwidth of the interrogating radar system and the aspect angle sector over which the target is observed. In such cases, superresolution offers the potential to improve system performance by increasing the resolution. Superresolution is the process of increasing the effective bandwidth of an image (or time series) by introducing collateral data to augment the dataset; thus the Rayleigh resolution imposed by the size of the dataset is overcome by the introduction of the synthetic collateral data. This paper presents a state of the art survey of radar superresolution, applicable to both 1-D and 2-D data and a comparison of superresolution algorithms using real and simulated data sets. Complex data sets are chosen so as to mimic scenes with a large number of scattering mechanisms. The paper also presents specific applications of superresolution for air-to-ground surveillance, data resolution enhancement, SAR ATR and FOPEN ATR.
Synchronous mixed reality (SMR): A personalized virtual‐real fusion framework with high immersion and effective interaction

Virtual‐real fusion (VRF) technology plays a crucial role in the meta‐universe by bridging the gap between virtual environments (VEs) and physical environments (PEs). However, the current VRF system has the problem of single function and fixed integration, limiting the popularization and application of VRF technology. Therefore, this paper proposes a framework named synchronous mixed reality (SMR) to personalize the VRF system and maintain the balance between interaction efficiency and environmental immersion. We combine an instance segmentation algorithm with an interaction prediction algorithm to achieve this balance. To evaluate the effectiveness of the SMR framework, we design three scenarios based on the interaction properties of physical objects and measure environmental immersion, systematic interaction efficiency, and user experience. Our results demonstrate that the SMR framework meets diverse needs in various PEs while balancing immersion and interaction efficiency. Additionally, our framework significantly reduces collisions and negative emotions experienced by users in VEs. We anticipate that this framework will serve as a guide for constructing virtual‐real fusion systems in the future.
Model‐validated parametrization for air‐sea gas transfer in the North Indian Ocean

Mixed‐layer CFC‐11 saturations measured in the northwestern Indian Ocean during the 1995 World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) along I7N are compared to those from a numerical model using three alternative parametrizations for the air‐sea flux of CFC‐11. The Wanninkhof [1992] gas flux parametrization for climatological winds gives gas saturations which agree best with those observed. The observed and model mixed‐layers are in equilibrium with the contemporary atmosphere to within 1% (the experimental error) in the summer of 1995, excluding cold coastal upwelled waters. When the model is used to extend the space and time scales of the observations in the Arabian Sea, widespread supersaturations of 5% due to weak winds and warming are predicted in the spring and fall, and under saturations of 5% due to mixing in the winter. The model validation of CFC‐11 transfer parametrization and investigation of temporal and spatial variability in saturation are applicable to the physically‐forced saturation variations of carbon dioxide and other gases of interest.
Spectral measurements of solar UVB radiation and its relations to total ozone, SO2, and clouds

Spectral solar UV radiation measurements performed at Thessaloniki, Greece (40°N), are presented, and the influence of various atmospheric constituents such as total ozone, cloud cover, and columnar SO2 on these measurements is examined. By comparing UV radiation measurements at days with different total ozone amounts the magnification factor was calculated. Its values range from 1 to 20, depending on the wavelength and the total ozone. A relationship between the UV radiation and the cloud cover was established, being representative only for measurements at 50° solar zenith angle. In addition, the influence of columnar SO2 variations on UV irradiances was also studied. Finally, an attempt was made to compare the relative influence of these parameters on UV radiation, which proved that total ozone is the major factor controlling the solar UVB radiation received at the ground.
Implications of Shrinking Cryosphere Under Changing Climate on the Streamflows in the Lidder Catchment in the Upper Indus Basin, India

Abstract Lidder tributary in the Upper Indus Basin (UIB) of the Himalayas, an important source of surface and ground water, is experiencing clear indications of climate change. In the basin, minimum, maximum, and average temperatures are showing a significant increasing trend in all the four seasons. Precipitation is showing insignificant decrease over time in the basin. However, the proportion of snow is decreasing and correspondingly, the proportion of rains is increasing. The temperature projections also show increasing trends for the end of this century. The time-series analysis of the Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI) shows a depletion of the snow-cover in the region. Furthermore, during the past 51 years, the glacier area in the basin has decreased from 46.09 km2 in 1962 to 33.43 km2 in 2013, a depletion of 27.47%. As a result of glacier recession in the basin, the streamflow fed predominantly by snowmelt and glacier melt, is showing a statistically significant decline since the mid-1990s. The declining streamflows have potential to adversely affect agriculture, energy production, tourism, and even domestic water supplies. The Snowmelt Runoff Model (SRM) was tested for estimating the runoff from this glaciated basin on an operational basis. The average simulated runoff 11.94 m3 s-1 at the outlet is in concordance with the average measured runoff 13.51 m3 s-1 showing R2 of 0.82. The model could thus be used for snowmelt runoff estimation, on an operational basis, for judicious utilization of the depleting water resources in the region.
Investigating the Performance of the Jason-2/OSTM Radar Altimeter over Lakes and Reservoirs

Many inland water investigations utilize archival and near-real time radar altimetry data to enable observation of the variation in surface water level. A multialtimeter approach allows a more global outlook with improved spatial resolution, and combined long-term observations improve statistical analyses. Central to all programs is a performance assessment of each instrument. Here, we focus on data quantity and quality pertaining to the Poseidon-3 radar altimeter onboard the Jason-2/OSTM satellite. Utilizing an interim data set (IGDR), studies show that the new on-board DIODE/median and DIODE/DEM tracking modes are performing well, acquiring and maintaining the majority of lake and reservoir surfaces in varying terrains. The 20-Hz along-track resolution of the data, and particularly the availability of the range output from the ice-retracker algorithm, also improves the number of valid height measurements. Based on test-case lakes and reservoirs, output from the ice-retracker algorithm is also seen to have a clear advantage over the ocean-retracker having better height stability across calm and icy surfaces, a greater ability to gain coastline waters, and less sensitivity to loss of water surface when there is island contamination in the radar echo. Such on-board tracking and postprocessing retracking enables the lake waters to be quickly gained after coastline crossing. Values can range from <0.1 s to 2.5 s, but the majority of measurements are obtained in less than 0.4 s or <2.3 km from the coast. Validation exercises reveal that targets of ∼150 km2 surface area and ∼0.8 km width are able to be monitored offering greater potential to acquire lakes in the 100–300 km2 size-category. Time series of height variations are also found to be accurate to ∼3 to 33 cm rms depending on target size and the presence of winter ice. These findings are an improvement over the IGDR/GDR results from the predecessor Jason-1 and TOPEX/Poseidon missions and can satisfy the accuracy requirements of both the science-related and operational lake study programs.
Personal Income Tax and Provisions of Education and Road Infrastructures in Lagos State, Nigeria

Infrastructural provision has been the major point of concern to governments in all states of the federation in Nigeria. Government of Lagos State without exception has been facing serious challenges in provision of infrastructure to Lagosians. The state has been witnessing infrastructural deficit despite huge revenues accruing to the government monthly and this is actually affecting the standard of living of the citizens. Since the advent of civilian government in the state, internally generated revenue has been on the increase, yet the state is still witnessing many infrastructural deficits. This study examined the effect of personal income tax revenue on infrastructural provisions in Lagos state with respect to Education and Road Infrastructures. The study adopted ex-post facto research design. The study covered Personal Income Tax and Infrastructures provisions on Education and Road by the government of Lagos State from 1997 to 2018. Data were obtained from Lagos State Internal Revenue Services (LIRS), Lagos State Ministry of budget and planning and Lagos State Ministry of Finance. The validity of data was premised on the statutory audit of the financial statements by the office of the Auditor General of Lagos State. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study found that Personal Income Tax has significant effect on infrastructural provision by the government of the state. On IFED, Adjusted R2 = 0.372, Prob(F-stat) = 4.753, at 5% significance level [β = -0.815; P – value = 0.036]. Also on IFDR, Adjusted R2 = 0.315, F-stat = 3.915, Prob(F-stat) = 0.028), at 5% significance level [β = 0.352; P – value = 0.154]. The study concluded that Personal income tax has impacts that are significant on infrastructural provisions of the state. The study recommended that, government should make it a top priority, the provisions of infrastructures on education to guarantee quality education of the pupils in the state. Also, government should embark on massive road network construction with proper maintenance of the existing ones so as to avoid frequent occurrence of carnage on the roads and government should make more effort to widen the tax net especially among the rural dwellers so that more revenues can be collected as personal income tax in the state.
MCOL, frontalin, and ethanol: A potential operational trap lure for Douglas-fir beetle in British Columbia

1975; Ross and Daterman 1995b). PheroTech Inc. (now Contech, Victoria, BC) supplied all traps and lures. Chemical purities were >95% for all semiochemicals. Release rates were determined gravimetrically at 20–23 °C. Traps were suspended from a metal pole made from electrical conduit tubing such that the bottom of each trap was 0.2–0.5 m above ground level. No trap was suspended within 2 m of any tree. All lures were placed within the funnels (Lindgren 1983). The experiment was conducted in mature stands of Douglas-fir at three locations in southern British Columbia: 1) Maple Ridge (10 April–12 May 1991); 2) Cache Creek (13–31 May 1991); and 3) Invermere (30 May–8 August 1991). We used 40 12-unit multiple-funnel traps (Lindgren 1983) with dry cups in Maple Ridge and Cache Creek, whereas 20 traps were used in Invermere. Each collecting cup contained a small piece of Vapona No-Pest Strip (Green Cross; Fisons Horticulture, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada) as a killing agent to prevent damage to the target species by predatory insects. At each location, traps were set in blocks of four traps per block resulting in 10, 10, and 5 replicate blocks per location, respectively. Blocks, and traps within
Regulated and Emerging Mycotoxins in Bulk Raw Milk: What Is the Human Risk?

Mycotoxins are abiotic hazards whose contamination occurs at the pre- and post-harvest stages of the maize value chain, with animal exposure through contaminated feed leading to their excretion into milk. Currently, only aflatoxin M1 is regulated in milk products. Since feed materials and complete feed present a multi-mycotoxin composition and are the main mycotoxin source into milk, it is important to recognize the occurrence of multiple toxins and their co-occurrence in this highly consumed food product. The aim of this study was to determine the content of regulated and emerging mycotoxins in milk samples, which allowed for evaluating the occurrence and co-occurrence patterns of different mycotoxins known to contaminate feed materials and complete animal feed. Human exposure considering the occurrence patterns obtained was also estimated. Aflatoxins, fumonisins, zearalenone, and emerging mycotoxins were among the mycotoxins found to be present in the 100 samples analyzed. Concentrations ranged from 0.006 to 16.3 μg L−1, with no sample exceeding the AFM1 maximum level. Though several mycotoxins were detected, no exceeding values were observed considering the TDI or PMTDI. It can be concluded that the observed exposure does not pose a health risk to milk consumers, though it is important to recognize vulnerable age groups.
Block Adjustment of High-Resolution Satellite Images Described by Rational Polynomials

model provides a rigorous, accurate method to block adjust This paper describes how to block adjust high-resolution Ikonos data outside of the ground stations. satellite imagery described by Rational Polynomial Coefficient This publication of a technique for block adjusting Ikonos (RPC) camera models and illustrates the method with an Ikonos images described by RPC data is motivated by a desire to satisfy example. By incorporating a priori constraints into the the needs of those users who would like to perform their own adjustment model, multiple independent images can be block adjustment, and to ensure that Ikonos images are proadjusted with or without ground control. The RPC block cessed in such way as to consistently achieve the highest possiadjustment model presented in this paper is directly related ble accuracy. In developing the adjustment model described to geometric properties of the physical camera model. Multiple here, the authors had access to the complete description of physical camera model parameters having the same net effect Ikonos imaging geometry, familiarity with all of the satellite on the object-image relationship are replaced by a single maneuvering modes, the resources of extensive test ranges and adjustment parameter. Consequently, the proposed method is imagery with which to test and validate, and the experience numerically more stable than the traditional adjustment of gained calibrating, testing, and troubleshooting Ikonos metric exterior and interior orientation parameters. This method is projects. generally applicable to any photogrammetric camera with a narrow field of view, calibrated, stable interior orientation, and Physical Camera Models accurate a priori exterior orientation data. As demonstrated Owing to the dynamic nature of satellite image collection, phoin the paper, for Ikonos satellite imagery, the RPC block togrammetric processing of satellite imagery is more compliadjustment achieves the same accuracy as the ground station cated than is aerial frame camera processing. Aerial cameras block adjustment with the full physical camera model. acquire the entire image at an instant of time with a unique exposure station and orientation. High-resolution pushbroom Background satellite cameras, including Ikonos, use linear sensor arrays
Methane carbon isotope effects caused by atomic chlorine in the marine boundary layer: Global model results compared with Southern Hemisphere measurements

[1] Recent measurements of the apparent kinetic isotope effect (KIE) of the methane (CH4) atmospheric sink in the extratropical Southern Hemisphere (ETSH) have shown the apparent KIE to be larger in magnitude than expected if the sink were the hydroxyl radical (OH•) alone. We present results from simulations using the U.K. Met Office's Unified Model (UM) to evaluate whether atomic chlorine (Cl•) in the marine boundary layer (MBL) could give this effect. We modify the UM to include sources of 12CH4 and 13CH4, soil and stratospheric sinks, and a tropospheric OH• sink. Also included is a Cl• sink in the MBL with a large seasonal cycle and a constant mean value (Cl•mean) in latitude. We show that analysis of the simulated seasonal cycles in CH4 mixing ratio and δ13C give an accurate estimate of the OH• KIE at ETSH midlatitudes. The apparent KIE of the combined OH• and Cl• sink increases in magnitude as Cl•mean increases. The experimentally measured values of apparent KIE in the ETSH midlatitudes of −15‰ in 1994–1996 and −7‰ in 1998–2000 are attained with MBL Cl•mean values of 28 × 103 atoms cm−3 and 9×103 atoms cm−3, respectively (although we consider the latter to be a lower bound). We suggest that 18×103 atoms cm−3 is a reasonable midrange estimate of Cl•mean in the MBL. This value results in a Cl• sink strength of 25 Tg y−1 (range 13–37 Tg y−1) and an enrichment in δ13C of atmospheric CH4 by 2.6‰ (range 1.4–3.8‰). This sink strength is significant but has not yet been included in global CH4 budgets.
An Analysis on the Existence of Mild Solution and Optimal Control for Semilinear Thermoelastic System

Abstract In this article, the main objective is the conversation about the optimal control problem of the semilinear thermoelastic system, in which the control term is placed solely in the thermal equation. We discuss the existence and uniqueness of mild solutions by applying the contraction mapping for the considered system. By assuming some conditions specified Lagrange’s problem acknowledges at least one optimal control pair. For proving the main results, we are assuming the Lipschitz condition on the nonlinear term.
World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology

BACKGROUND Modified albumin-bilirubin (mALBI) grade has been established as a survival determinant in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients who receive locoregional and targeted therapies. AIM To investigate whether mALBI could predict survival in unresectable HCC (uHCC) patients who were treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (AB)