Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Study on the Financing Effect of U.S. Debt from the Perspective of Modern Monetary Theory-Also on the Innovation Driving Effect of Monetary Sovereignty

The traditional view is that China uses the foreign exchange income earned from the trade surplus to purchase U.S. treasury bonds, which provides financing for U.S. government expenditures and maintains the sustainability of U.S. public debt. Based on the modern monetary theory, this paper analyzes this phenomenon and believes that China’s trade surplus cannot finance US government expenditures. U.S. debt issuance can exert interest rate stabilization effect, exchange rate stabilization effect, currency issuance effect and innovation “crowding-out” effect, but it has no financing effect. Therefore, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions, such as increasing the central government expenditure and the issuance of treasury bonds, and implementing the reform of floating exchange rate system, in order to increase the monetary sovereignty of our country and give full play to the government’s role in promoting domestic economic innovation.
Comparison of in vivo solid-phase microextraction (SPME) to Folch extraction of brain lipids in Rattus norvegicus using LC-MS

Lipidomics is the comprehensive study of the lipids present in an organism. To achieve high analytical sensitivity and good lipid coverage in global lipidomics, sample preparation, mobile phase composition, chromatographic separation, and data processing parameters must be optimized. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a non-exhaustive, in vivo sample preparation method that has not previously been applied to lipidomics studies but that provides a promising alternative to microdialysis for in vivo lipid analysis. Before SPME can be successfully applied to lipidomic studies, it is important to increase the sensitivity of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) detection as much as possible. This was accomplished by comparing the effect of four different mobile phase additives on signal intensity using negative electrospray ionization (ESI): acetic acid, ammonium acetate, ammonium hydroxide and ammonium acetate with acetic acid. Acetic acid at a concentration of 3.5 mM outperformed the other additives tested causing a 42% increase in lipid coverage along with a 2-19-fold increase in signal compared to 10 mM ammonium acetate. The main disadvantages of acetic acid were (i) wide peak shape for two lipid classes: phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylserine and (ii) reduction of signal intensity for phosphatidylcholine and ceramide lipids. These results show that although basic pH promotes in-solution ionization, surface, electrochemical and gas-phase processes provide significant contributions to overall ESI efficiency thus resulting in enhanced ionization at acidic pH. Acetic acid is good choice of additive for negative mode ESI due its ability to increase formation of deprotonated adducts, low molecular volume, high gas phase proton affinity, and capability for electrochemical reduction. Traditionally, lipids are extracted from brain tissue using the Folch method, a biphasic liquid-liquid extraction method that relies on chloroform/methanol solvent. In this study, SPME was compared to the Folch method to determine if it is a viable alternative. The main SPME parameters that affect extraction efficiency of in vivo SPME were evaluated for this application: extraction time, desorption time, and desorption solvent. Analysis of SPME extracts showed 147 and 613 features versus 1368 and 1161 detected in the Folch extract in positive mode and negative mode, respectively. Using LipidSearch 127 lipids in positive mode and 57 lipids in negative mode were identified in the SPME extracts verses 145 in positive mode and 99 in negative mode for the Folch extracts. This study represents the first step towards the development and inter-laboratory validation of in vivo SPME demonstrating its ability as a new and viable alternative to Folch extractions that can be used in lipidomics studies of the brains of alive, awake animals for the first time.
Zero Velocity Detection Without Motion Pre-Classification: Uniform AI Model for All Pedestrian Motions (UMAM)

Foot-mounted positioning devices are becoming more and more popular in the different application field. For example, inertial sensors are now embedded in safety shoes to monitor security. They allow positioning with zero velocity update to bound the error growth of foot-mounted inertial sensors. High positioning accuracy depends on robust zero velocity detector (ZVD). Existing Artificial Intelligent (AI)-based methods classify the pedestrian dynamics to adjust ZVD at the cost of high computation costs and error propagation from miss-classification. We propose a machine learning model to detect zero velocity moments without any pre-classification step, named Uniform AI Model for All pedestrian Motions (UMAM). Performance is evaluated by benchmarking on two new subjects of opposite gender and different size, not included in the training data set, over complex indoor/outdoor paths of 2 km for subject 1 and 2.1 km for subject 2. We obtain an average 2D loop closure error of less than 0.37%.
Human Resource Management Department Development and its Organizational Structures

The purpose of our study represents to determine how HRM’s organizational structures has been changed in the past and where HRM is positioned in present. For obtain theoretical knowledge, we used methods: collecting, gathering, sorting, content analysis, synthesis, comparative and deduction of information. Main sources of obtained information, knowledge represent professional articles and research. Today’s HRM, its position and roles (strategic partner, administrative expert, change agent, employee champion) has undergone five key stages of evolution, changes in organizational structures. At the early stages, HRM was positioned within different departments, as Labor/administrative manager and Welfare officer with roles: administrative expert and change agent. From later to modern stages (Personnel management, HRM and Modern HRM), HRM, by obtaining new roles (change agent and strategic partner), become mostly complected, complicated and managed to operate as separate department, on the same level of importance as financial, strategic, marketing and other departments within organizational structure. Based on todays trend, linked with HR-to-employee ratio, HR ratio per 100 employees year by year decreases, which might cause another important changes to HR department’s position within the organizational structure.
Experimentally Validated Extended Kalman Filter Approach for Geomagnetically Induced Current Measurement

Geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) are referred to as the quasi-dc current flows in power networks, driven by complex space weather-related phenomena. Such currents are a potential threat to the power delivery capability of electrical grids. To mitigate the detrimental impacts of GICs on critical infrastructures, the GICs should be monitored in power systems. Being inherently dc from the power frequency point of view, the components of GICs are, however, challenging and costly to monitor in ac power grids. This article puts forward a novel methodology for the real-time estimation of GICs in power transformers. Such aim is attained by means of an extended Kalman filter (EKF)-based approach, mounted on the nonlinear state-space model of the transformer, whose parameters can be derived from standard tests. The proposed EKF-based algorithm employs the available measurements for the transformer differential protection. The proposed approach, relying on the differential current, can properly deal with the external sources of interference like harmonic excitation and loading. The EKF-based estimator presented is validated by simulation and experimental data. The results verify the ability of the proposed approach to robustly estimate the GIC level during various operating conditions.
Reducing false positive prediction of miRNA target genes with RNA sequencing: Hype or hope

The microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate many biological processes and their altered expression is reported in many diseases including cancer [1-5], diabetes [6-8], and liver fibrosis [9-11]. They are never translated but manipulate gene expression by base-pairing with the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of their target mRNAs. Firstly, they were discovered as a short RNA produced by the lin-4 gene in Caenorhabditis elegans which represses the lin-14 mRNA. Initially, it was thought that they are unique only to nematodes but now it is well demonstrated that they are abundant in the diverse animal kingdom. It is also well established that they are involved in every cellular process including cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, and chemoresistance. More than 60% of protein-coding genes in the human harbor’s miRNA target site [12]. In cancer, they can be oncomirs (oncogenes), tumor suppressors, prognostic markers, or therapeutic target. Since the expression pattern of miRNAs are highly specific, and functionally they regulate at the epigenetic level in genome, they are attractive biomarkers in medical research. These relatively new class of gene regulators has opened a new direction for drug discovery. Interest in miRNA-based therapy is now growing rapidly and literature is getting enriched with novel miRNAs and their
Party System Polarization and Electoral Behavior

When deciding whether to turn out to vote and what party to support, citizens are constrained by the available options within their party system. A rich literature shows that characteristics of this choice set, which capture how “meaningful” the choice is, have pervasive effects on electoral behavior and public opinion. Party system polarization in particular, which captures how ideologically dispersed the parties are, has received much attention in earlier work. More ideologically polarized party systems are associated with higher turnout rates, while both proximity voting and mechanisms of accountability appear strengthened when parties are more ideologically distinct. However, party system polarization also strengthens party attachments and entails a risk of fostering mass polarization.
Knowledge Obsolescence and the Future of Work

The chapter delves into a range of influencing factors that are governing individual and corporate behavior, driven both by changing human circumstances—economic, social, and environmental—as well as rapid changes to organizational cultures and endeavors—models, markets, governance, customers, competition. A veritable confluence of these factors is impinging into workplaces in a never-before-seen manner, particularly in its inherent complexity and constant change. Jobs are being redefined, created, and eliminated at the same time, putting significant pressure on individuals seeking to pursue careers. Knowledge acquired over a certain period is becoming quickly obsolete, resulting in people having to shift gears quickly. Most fail, with consequences impacting both social structures and organizational cultures. Individual behavior is significantly deteriorating toward colloquialism driven by a sense of victimization. How do we address all these challenges and stay on top of the future? This chapter's aim is to distill the answers to this question.
Klonierung und Charakterisierung von Genen der Flavonoidbiosynthese aus Erdbeere (Fragaria x ananassa) und der Einfluss von Prohexadion-Ca und Milsana auf die Flavan 3-ol Biosynthese

Die Erdbeere (Fragaria x ananassa) zahlt zu den wichtigsten Obstkulturen in Deutschland. Allerdings sind viele Standardsorten anfallig fur Pilzkrankheiten wie Botrytis cinerea. An der Resistenz gegen pilzliche Schaderreger und der Abwehr von anderen biotischen und abiotischen Stressoren sind Flavan 3-ole, Proanthocyanidine und Flavonole masgeblich beteiligt. Deshalb war deren Biosynthese Ziel biochemischer und molekularbiologischer Untersuchungen. Von drei Strukturgenen, die die Synthese von Flavan 3-olen (LAR und ANR) beziehungsweise Flavonolen (FLS) betreffen, wurden erstmalig full-length cDNA Klone isoliert, heterolog in Hefe exprimiert und die Funktionalitat, sowie die jeweilige Substratspezifitat der rekombinanten Proteine, getestet. Weiterhin wurde die Expression dieser Gene wahrend der Blute und Fruchtentwicklung untersucht und in Abhangigkeit von resistenzinduzierenden Verbindungen gebracht.
Yerel Kalkınmanın Aracı Olarak Sürdürülebilir Turizm için Planlama Çalışmalarının Değerlendirilmesi: Sakinşehir Uzundere Örneğinde Bir Araştırma

In this study, a tourist center and also Turkey's 11th Sakinsehr the Uzundere (Erzurum) was carried out in the district. The aim of the study is to evaluate national-regional and local socio-economic, strategic and spatial planning studies affecting Uzundere and the programs for destination formation within the framework of sustainable tourism in relation to local development and to determine the equivalence of planning studies in applications. In this context, a sustainability assessment survey was conducted with a focus group of 40 people. The results of the study show that the national-regional and local planning studies, which are effective in determining the development and development perspective of the district, have not been evaluated as sustainable by the focus group since they do not have the basic strategies and actions required by sustainable tourism in terms of many criteria. In addition, it was determined that local planning studies could not be implemented due to the lack of monitoring and evaluation system in many issues. As a result, it has been evaluated that tourism development for Uzundere will be sustainable and will serve local development if the basic strategies foreseen by sustainable tourism are developed in planning studies, local people, local environment, visitor satisfaction and planning, management and monitoring.
Cerebrovascular Pathophysiology and its Diagnosis

Stroke is a type of cerebrovascular disease involves central nervous system. It occurs with sudden due to the burst of cerebral arteries, haemorrhage, or other particles which leads to ischemia and to focal brain dysfunction [1]. Nerve cells depleted oxygen in the involved vascular territory will be functionally disturbed and die if the circulation is not promptly restored. Two main mechanisms leads to ischemic stroke are occlusion and haemodynamic impairment. These two situations reduce the cerebral perfusion pressure and leads to cellular death. The blood flow in the brain can be maintained by auto-regulation of cerebral arteries and collateral circulation within certain limits. When occlusion of an artery develops, blood flow in the periphery of the infarct core is reduced but still it remains sufficient to avoid structural damage, so that the functional modifications of cells may be reversible if circulation is restored. This ringlike area of reduced blood flow around the ischaemic centre of infarct has been termed penumbra as an analogy of the half-shaded part around the centre of a solar eclipse. It explained the functional improvement occurring after stroke. The neurons which are surviving in this critical area of infarct are reduced at blood flow and may function again as soon as the blood flow and oxygen delivery is restored.
Air-Sea Ammonia Fluxes Calculated from High-Resolution Summertime Observations Across the Atlantic Southern Ocean

<p>Oceanic ammonia emissions are the largest natural source of ammonia globally, but the magnitude of the air-sea flux in remote regions absent human influence remains uncertain. Here, we measured the concentration of surface ocean ammonium and atmospheric ammonia gas every two hours across a latitudinal transect (34.5&#186;S to 61&#186;S) of the Atlantic Southern Ocean during summer. Surface ocean ammonium concentrations ranged from undetectable to 0.36&#160;&#181;M and ammonia gas concentrations ranged from 0.6 to 5.1 nmol m<sup>-3</sup>. Calculated ammonia fluxes ranged from -2.5 to -91 pmol m<sup>-2</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>, and were consistently from the atmosphere into the ocean, even in regions where surface ocean ammonium concentrations were relatively high. As expected, temperature was the dominant control on the air-sea ammonia flux across the latitudinal transect. However, a sensitivity analysis suggests that seasonality in the surface Southern Ocean nitrogen cycle may have a major influence on the direction of the ammonia flux. </p>
Functionality of Geogebra in the field of interactive fairy tales creating

Modern interactive teaching at preschool teacher training colleges, in accordance with the rapid and progressive changes in the world of information and communication technologies, implies the application and use of series of programme packages enriching and facilitating not only the education of future preschool teachers, but also the practical work with children of preschool age. The goal of the research conducted on the sample consisting from the students of the Preschool Teacher Training College in Kruševac, as the part of teaching the Methodology of initial mathematical notions and the Methodology of speech development, was to test the functionality of the educational software GeoGebra in the domain of interactive fairy tales creation. Several variables have been tested with regard to functionality, among them: Applicability of Geogebra programme of in mathematical and didactical games of preschool children; Suitability of Geogebra for the interactive fairy tales creation; Possibility of use of mathematical and didactical games in correlation with the speech development games; Possibility of including games from Geogebra programme in educational work; Quality of mathematical and didactical games in Geogebra programme. The methodological plan implied having 2 groups of testees which practiced Geogebra. In group 1, an experimental factora was introduced - the increased number of weeks practicing Geogebra (6 weeks of practicing in comparison with 4 weeks of practicing in the 2nd group of students). After the practicing period, using Questionnaire (construed for the research needs), as well as five-degree Likert-type assessment scales, the testing was conducted with regard to the opionion of students in both groups on the functionality of the Geogebra programme package concerning the interactive fairy talses creation. The research results have shown there is a positive effect of practicing Geogebra to the interactive fairy tales creation (the students from the group in which the expiremental factor had been introduced assessed more positively The applicability of Geogebra programme than the students from the control group which practiced Geogebra for fewer hours). Similar results have been obtained in the domain of Usability of mathematical and didactical games from the Geogebra programme, where the students from the experimental group achived substantially higher scores on the functionality scale.
Calorie Restriction and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Exercise Decrease Free Fatty Acid Levels and Visceral Fat Weight on High Calorie Diet Female Mice

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effect of a combination of calorie restriction and moderateintensity continuous exercise on FFA levels and visceral fat weight in female mice exposed to a high-caloriediet.Material and Method: This research was randomized posttest used only control group design with femalemice as the sampl Balb/c mice (Mus musculus), 8 weeks old, 20-30 grams. It was randomly divided into fourgroups, namely C (control group), G1 (moderate-intensity continuous exercise group), G2 (calorie restrictiongroup), and G3 (combination group calorie restriction and moderate-intensity continuous exercise) wherein every group consisted six female mice. Providing a high-calorie diet using ad libitum plus D40 as muchas 3-5% of calories (0.0325 mL/gBB) for 4 weeks. The provision of a high-calorie diet was done usingthe sonde technique. Calorie restriction was done 3x/week in 4 weeks by limiting calorie intake to 50% ofstandard foods. The moderate-intensity continuous exercise was carried out by swimming for 15 minutesplus 6% gBB loading, it was done 3 times/week for 4 weeks. The measurement of cholesterol, visceral fatweight, and FFA level was done at the end of treatments.Results: The results found that the mean of cholesterol of C C (171.00±47.74 mg/dL), G1 (126.00±15.92 mg/dL), G2 (131.50±22.37 mg/dL), G3 (121.17±21.23 mg/dL) dan (p=0.032). The mean weight of visceral fatat C (0.68±0.23 grams), G1 (0.25±0.08 grams), G2 (0.28±0.06 grams), G3 (0.20±0.03 grams) and (p=0.000). The mean FFA levels were at C (1511.34±6.19 µmol/L), G1 (1419.31±53.61 µmol/L), G2 (1458.20±28.89µmol/L), G3 (1451.55±43.77 µmol/L) and (p=0.004). Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, it could be concluded that the provision of calorie restrictionand moderate-intensity continuous exercise significantly reduced cholesterol levels, visceral fat weight, FFAlevels and in female mice exposed to a high-calorie diet
Leaching of Chlorides, Sulphates, and Phosphates from Ashes Formed as a Result of Burning Conventional Fuels, Alternative Fuels, and Municipal Waste in Household Furnaces

The aim of the study was to assess leaching of Cl−, SO42−, and PO43− from ashes formed in household furnaces. The ashes were obtained following the combustion of conventional fuels, namely wood and hard coal, and alternative fuels with various fractions of municipal waste in a household boiler. Aqueous leachates of the ashes were used to determine concentrations of chlorides by titration (Mohr’s method) (21.3–3049.6 mg/dm3), sulphates by the gravimetric method (12.2–244.1 mg/dm3), and phosphates by spectrophotometry (0.01–67.2 mg/dm3). It was found that co-combustion of municipal waste with plastic-coated paper cartons, diapers, or a mixed waste fraction leaves the greatest amount of ashes on the furnace grate. The highest amounts of Cl−, SO42−, and PO43− were leached from ashes generated from burning a mix of wood and coals, or wood alone (different species). The addition of municipal waste to the process of burning the conventional and alternative fuels studied did not significantly increase Cl−, SO42−, and PO43− content in aqueous extracts of ashes, the exception being diapers and plywood. In light of the study results, it was concluded that all the ashes could be reused (as an additive to concrete) except for the ash generated from the combustion of a mixed municipal waste fraction and coal (due to the content of Cl−) and diapers (due to the content of PO43−). It was demonstrated that Cl−, SO42−, and PO43− content in the entire set of samples and in individual ash groups is highly heterogeneous and variable.
Pendampingan Ibu Hamil Dalam Self Care Nutrition Management (SNM) Dalam Upaya Pencegahan Risiko Stunting di Kecamatan Air Periukan Seluma

Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu hamil dan meningkatkan self care dalam manajemen nutrisi kehamilan untuk mencegah risiko stunting. Metode kegiatan ini dilakukan melalui kegiatan edukasi dan pendampingan. Ibu hamiil yang didampingi kader adalah ibu hamil mulai trimester dua kehamilan yang berjumlah sejumlah 11 orang. Proses pendampingan dilakukan selama 3 bulan. Pendampingan dilakukan one by one dengan kunjungan rumah, observasi serta monitoring melalui kartu pantau. Kegiatan yang dilakukan selama pendampingan kader adalah melakukan edukasi terkait nutrisi kehamilan, melakukan pemeriksaan tanda-tanda anemia, menimbang BB setiap minggu, monitor konsumsi tablet tambah darah (TTD) dan mencatat dalam kartu monitoring. Hasil kegiatan ini berhasil meningkatkan pengetahuan dan perilaku self care manajemen nutrisi kehamilan. Dari 11 orang ibu hamil, 82% mengalami peningkatan berat badan, 91 % kenaikan berat badan sesuai standar Institute of Medicine (IOM), 91 % ibu hamil mengkonsumsi tablet tambah darah (TTD) setiap hari. Untuk konsumsi protein hewani, buah dan susu masih rendah. Diharapkan perlu perhatian berbagai pihak dalam meningkatan pengetahuan ibu dan pemberdayaan kader kesehatan dalam pencegahan risiko stunting.Kata Kunci: Ibu Hamil, Nutrition, Self Care, Stunting