Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Circulation Mechanisms of Kenya Rainfall Anomalies

Abstract Expanding earlier studies on the boreal spring and autumn rainy seasons in equatorial East Africa, pending challenges on the mechanisms of rainfall variability, are investigated. Eastward pressure gradient and slack south Indian Ocean trade winds allow surface equatorial westerlies in spring and autumn. Complementing that, upper-tropospheric easterlies are required for the development of a zonal vertical circulation cell along the Indian Ocean equator. Because of the summer warming and high stand of upper-tropospheric topography over South Asia, strong upper-tropospheric easterlies over the tropical northern and equatorial Indian Ocean persist from summer into autumn, thus allowing the development of a zonal vertical circulation cell. By contrast, the winter cooling entails low stand of upper-tropospheric topography in the north, thus hindering easterlies over the equator. Consequently, an equatorial zonal circulation cell does not develop in boreal spring. The equatorial zonal circulation cell, .
Satellite ocean color studies of Antarctic ice edges in summer and autumn

Large areas of elevated phytoplankton pigment concentrations were observed using CZCS satellite data in the Weddell Sea marginal ice zone and adjacent regions during the austral summer-autumn transition. The study was made in conjunction with in situ observations of pigment levels and ice data derived from satellite passive microwave observations. The area of satellite investigation includes the eastern and western parts of the Weddell Sea and the western part of the Antarctic Peninsula. Phytoplankton blooms, about 200 km wide and extending several hundred kilometers along the ice edge, were observed. Higher pigment values in the south than in the north indicate that irradiance is not the only factor controlling spatial distributions of phytoplankton pigment concentrations at this time. A time series in Marguerite Bay also shows the persistence of a bloom for at least 12 days and significant effects on spatial distribution of the phytoplankton due to ocean and sea ice movement. An unusual pattern of sea ice formation in the Weddell Sea was also observed in a series of CZCS images near the Greenwich meridian. Turbulent oceanic and atmospheric forcings are suggested during the early stages of development of sea ice in the region and may account for the low pigment concentrations observed adjacent to the area. This study shows that ice edge phytoplankton blooms are not simply a spring-summer feature but extend into the austral autumn and that they may contribute significantly to regional productivity.
High cut-off dialyser haemodialysis in cast nephropathy

Sir, The importance of renal function in the prognosis of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) has been well established and rapid reversal of renal failure may offer the best long-term outcome. The use of extracorporeal means of removing immunoglobulin free light chains (FLCs) responsible for cast nephropathy in patients with MM is controversial. Nephrologists are interested in a treatment strategy combining chemotherapy and extracorporeal treatments in patients with biopsy-proven cast nephropathy or a high probability of cast nephropathy (defined as >200 mg/dL on the FLC assay). Some previous studies have shown that the plasma exchange is unable to remove sufficient FLCs for clinical benefits. The issue of whether an extended duration of dialysis with high cut-off (HCO) dialysers is more effective than plasma exchange at removing FLC or reversing renal failure is not settled [1]. Hutchison and Leung reported that a 60% reduction in FLCs by Day 21 is associated with recovery of renal function for 80% of the studied patients [2]. Our experience: a 43-year-old man, who was not complaining of any previous disease and with a previously normal renal function, suffering from biopsy proven lambda myeloma kidney, without any histological sign of chronic renal damage, and renal failure dialysis dependant, in 2 weeks received 10 haemodialysis (HD) treatments with HCO-dialyser (Theralite Gambro). We quantified the concentration of FLCs by nephelometry (Biocite, N latex test; Siemens). Initially, λ FLC concentration was 5500 mg/L. At the end of HCO dialyser HD cycle, the concentration was 94.80 mg/L (Table 1). Table 1. Concentrations and ratios of FLC before and after HCO-dialyser HDa We did not observe any adverse effects. We observed by Day 7 a sustained and >50% reduction of FLCs with dialysis alone before the chemotherapy was initiated. After the third HCO-dialyser HD, the patient started PAD Orlowsky chemotherapy (Bortezomib–Doxorubicin–Dexamethasone) with successful haematological result but with partial renal function recovery. Currently (5 months after HCO-dialyser treatment), the patient is on maintenance HD two times a week. Some reports show a recovery of renal function after several months. If the patient does not recover normal renal function, we think that a new kidney biopsy can help his management.
Quantitative estimates of changes in marine and terrestrial primary productivity over the past 300 million years

Changes in marine primary production over geological time have influenced a network of global biogeochemical cycles with corresponding feedbacks on climate. However, these changes continue to remain largely unquantified because of uncertainties in calculating global estimates from sedimentary palaeoproductivity indicators. I therefore describe a new approach to the problem using a mass balance analysis of the stable isotopes (18O/16O) of oxygen with modelled O2 fluxes and isotopic exchanges by terrestrial vegetation for 300, 150, 100 and 50 million years before present, and the treatment of the Earth as a closed system, with respect to the cycling of O2. Calculated in this way, oceanic net primary productivity was low in the Carboniferous but high (up to four times that of modern oceans) during the Late Jurassic, mid-Cretaceous and early Eocene greenhouse eras with a greater requirement for key nutrients. Such a requirement would be compatible with accelerated rates of continental weathering under the greenhouse conditions of the Mesozoic and early Tertiary. These results indicate possible changes in the strength of a key component of the oceanic carbon (organic and carbonate) pump in the geological past, with a corresponding feedback on atmospheric CO2 and climate, and provide an improved framework for understanding the role of ocean biota in the evolution of the global biogeochemical cycles of C, N and P.
Practical Aspects of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Children

Abstract The use of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in pediatrics provides critical insights into potential physiological causes of unexplained exercise-related complaints or symptoms, as well as specific pathophysiological patterns based on physiological responses or abnormalities. Furthermore, CPET helps evaluate exercise performance in children with chronic (lung/heart) diseases. For instance, it can ascertain any adverse reaction to exercise and estimate the effects of specific treatment measures. It affords a global assessment of the pathophysiological patterns, responses and abnormalities to exercise that is inadequately reflected by resting lung function and/or cardiac function assessment. Clinical interpretation of the results of a CPET in pediatrics requires specific knowledge regarding pathophysiological responses and interpretative strategies that can be adapted to address concerns specific to the child’s medical condition or disability.
Reanalysis of the SMC-ORGANON equations for diameter-growth rate, height-growth rate, and mortality rate of Douglas-fir

Using existing data from untreated research plots, we developed equations for predicting 5-yr diameter-growth rate (ΔD₅), 5-yr height-growth rate (ΔH₅), and 5-yr mortality rate (PM₅) for Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] in the coastal region of the Pacific Northwest. These equations are revisions of the equations constructed in 1995–1997 for the Stand Management Cooperative's (SMC) version of the ORGANON growth-and-yield model, and they have been developed with substantially larger and more comprehensive data sets than were available in 1995–1997. The new ΔD₅ and ΔH₅ equations were validated with an independent data set. The PM₅ equation was evaluated by comparing 100-yr predictions of Reineke's (1933) stand density index to behavior previously reported from measurements taken on long-term research plots. The new ΔD₅, ΔH₅, and PM₅ equations appear to be considerably superior in predictive ability and behavior to the original equations. The effects of the new equations on stand-level predictions were evaluated by comparing the maximum mean annual increments (MAI) in total stem volume (ft³) and associated rotation ages (RA) predicted from the original SMC-ORGANON model to predictions from the revised SMC-ORGANON model. This analysis was done by making 100-yr projections using 170 plots in young stands from the SMC data sets. Some of the ending values for average crown ratio (CR) after 100 yr of projection were near 15%, however, and predictions of basal area (BA) for some of these stands peaked and then declined over stand age. Substituting the HCB equation published by Hann and Hanus in 2004 for predicting crown recession (ΔHCB₅) eliminated the problem with BA peaking over stand age and resulted in somewhat larger average ending CRs. The 100-yr projections were then made again with the 2004 HCB equation of Hann and Hanus. On average, the revised model reduced RA by 2.1 yr (or 4.3%) and maximum MAI by 55.7 ft³/ac/yr (18.9%).
Global and Spatial Metabolomics of Individual Cells Using a Tapered Pneumatically Assisted nano-DESI Probe

Single-cell metabolomics has the potential to reveal unique insights into intracellular mechanisms and biological processes. However, the detection of metabolites from individual cells is challenging due to their versatile chemical properties and concentrations. Here, we demonstrate a tapered probe for pneumatically assisted nanospray desorption electrospray ionization (PA nano-DESI) mass spectrometry that enables both chemical imaging of larger cells and global metabolomics of smaller 15 μm cells. Additionally, by depositing cells in predefined arrays, we show successful metabolomics from three individual INS-1 cells per minute, which enabled the acquisition of data from 479 individual cells. Several cells were used to optimize analytical conditions, and 93 or 97 cells were used to monitor metabolome alterations in INS-1 cells after exposure to a low or high glucose concentration, respectively. Our analytical approach offers insights into cellular heterogeneity and provides valuable information about cellular processes and responses in individual cells.
Mild Renal Function Impairment and Long-Term Outcomes in Patients with Three-Vessel Coronary Artery Disease: A Cohort Study

Introduction: Limited data are available on the long-term impact of mild renal dysfunction (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] 60–89 mL/min/1.73 m2) in patients with three-vessel coronary disease (3VD). Methods: A total of 5,272 patients with 3VD undergoing revascularization were included and were categorized into 3 groups: normal renal function (eGFR ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m2, n = 2,352), mild renal dysfunction (eGFR 60–89, n = 2,501), and moderate renal dysfunction (eGFR 30–59, n = 419). Primary endpoint was all-cause death. Secondary endpoints included cardiac death and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), a composite of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Results: During the median 7.6-year follow-up period, 555 (10.5%) deaths occurred. After multivariable adjustment, patients with mild and moderate renal dysfunction had significantly higher risks of all-cause death (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07–1.70; adjusted HR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.53–2.78, respectively) compared with patients with normal renal function. Patients after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) had a lower rate of all-cause death and MACCE than those undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the normal and mild renal dysfunction group but not in the moderate renal dysfunction group. Results were similar after propensity score matching. Conclusions: In patients with 3VD, even mild renal impairment was significantly associated with a higher risk of all-cause death. The superiority of CABG over PCI diminished in those with moderate renal dysfunction. Our study alerts clinicians to the early screening of mild renal impairment in patients with 3VD and provides real-world evidence on the optimal revascularization strategy in patients with renal impairment.
The cost to developing countries or adapting to climate change : new methods and estimates

This summery presents the methodology and the results for the global track. The current report for the global track has undergone extensive review this report is considered as consultation draft. The initial study report, which focuses on the first objective, finds that the cost between 2010 and 2050 of adapting to an approximately 2°C warmer world by 2050 is in the range of$75 billion to $100 billion a year. This sum is of the same order of magnitude as the foreign aid that developed countries now give developing countries each year, but it is still a very low percentage of the wealth of countries as measured by their Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
Chemical composition of discovered and undiscovered natural gas in the United States, 1993 update. Volume 3. Associated/dissolved gas data. Topical report, November 1, 1992-December 30, 1993

The Gas Research Institute (GRI) gas composition database of the U.S. Lower-48 has been updated with additional gas composition data and new gas resources. This database, originally developed in 1990, allows analysis of the wellhead gas composition of Lower-48 reserves, annual production, and undiscovered resources. Thed database consists of a non-associated gas file containing 418 formation/basin records, and an associated/dissolved file containing 47 region/depth records. Each record contains both gas composition and gas resource information. The database reports reserves as of 12/31/91 and 1991 annual production. Undiscovered natural gas resources are those used in the 1993 GRI Baseline projection.
Co‐design of a digital app “WhatMatters” to support person‐centred care: A critical reflection

People with dementia often do not receive optimal person‐centred care (PCC) in care settings. Family members can play a vital role as care partners to support the person with dementia with their psychosocial needs. Participatory research that includes the perspectives of those with lived experience is essential for developing high‐quality dementia care and practices.
BED MATERIAL TRANSPORT AND THE MORPHOLOGY OF ALLUVIAL RIVER CHANNELS

The morphology of an alluvial river channel is the consequence of sediment transport and sedimentation in the river. Morphological style is determined chiefly by the caliber and quantity of sediment delivered to the channel, although modulated by channel scale. Yet the relations between sediment transport and river morphology have received only limited, qualitative attention. In this review, the problem is studied by defining sediment transport regimes on the basis of the Shields number, a nondimensional measure of the capacity of the channel to move sediment of a given caliber. The problem is also approached from an inverse perspective by which the quantity and character of sediment deposits are used to infer details about the variation of sediment transport and sedimentation along a channel. Coupling the two approaches establishes a basis to gain new insights into the origins of alluvial channel morphology.
Perceptions of Competition-Based Learning After a Brief Experience at a National Surgical Meeting

Background Competition-based learning (CBL) facilitates learning through competitions. At the 2022 & 2023 Annual SAGES meetings, we evaluated a CBL experience (TOP GUN Shootout) developed from a modified version of the previously validated TOP GUN Laparoscopic Skills and Suturing Program. The project sought to evaluate the TOP GUN Shootout’s (TGS) ability to enhance participant engagement in pursuit of laparoscopic surgical skills. Methods Participants competed in the TGS. Their scores (time and errors) were recorded for: Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery Peg Pass, Cup Drop Task, and Intracorporeal Suturing. All participants completed a 10-question satisfaction survey on a 7-point Likert scale, with questions assessing 3 domains: (1) capability/confidence in MIS skill performance prior to the competition; (2) applicability and satisfaction with TGS’s capacity to develop MIS skills; and (3) interest in seeking additional MIS training and appropriateness of CBL in MIS training. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate these areas. Results Overall, 121 participants completed the TGS, of whom 84 (69%) completed the satisfaction survey. The average age was 32.9 years, 67% were males. On average (+/− SD), participant satisfaction was 5.04 (+/− 2.08) for Domain 1, 6.20 (+/− 1.28) for Domain 2, and 6.58 (+/− .95) for Domain 3. Conclusion Participants described an overall lack of confidence in their MIS skills prior to the 2022-2023 Annual SAGES conference. Participants felt that this brief CBL experience, aided in the development of their MIS skills. Furthermore, this brief CBL experience may inspire learners to seek out further training of their MIS skills.
Conifer : a model of carbon and water flow through a coniferous forest : revised documentation

CONIFER simulates water, carbon, and energy dynamics of a coniferous forest. The model consists of 29 nonlinear difference equations. Measured driving variables include air temperature, dew point temperature, precipitation, solar radiation, and wind speed. Water and energy variables are updated daily; carbon variables are updated weekly. This report contains a detailed description of the model including all equations, parameter values, and initial conditions. Cross-reference tables list the equations in which each variable and parameter appear. Listings of the driving variable data, computer implementation, and corresponding output are also provided. Information sources and model behavior are discussed elsewhere.
A dynamic programming algorithm for downlink throughput optimisation in wideband CDMA systems

This paper develops an approach for the maximisation of throughput in the downlink of third generation mobile systems, based on wideband CDMA. A mathematical model is outlined for a multi-service multiplexed environment, with constraints placed on the system, based on the class of service. The optimisation problem is stated in terms of the model parameters and adapted for use with a dynamic programming algorithm. Results are presented, showing a significant improvement in throughput when high loads are placed on the system, compared with a fixed bit-rate allocation.
Characterization of a dengue type-specific epitope on dengue 3 virus envelope protein domain III

Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-borne disease caused by four genetically and serologically related viruses termed DENV-1, -2, -3 and -4. The DENV envelope (E) protein ectodomain can be divided into three structural domains designated ED1, ED2 and ED3. The ED3 domain contains DENV type-specific and DENV complex-reactive antigenic sites. To date, nearly all antigenic studies on the E protein have focused on DENV-2. In this study, the epitope recognized by a DENV-3 type-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb 14A4-8) was mapped to the DENV-3 ED3 domain using a combination of physical and biological techniques. Epitope mapping revealed that amino acid residues V305, L306, K308, E309, V310, K325, A329, G381 and I387 were critical for the binding of mAb 14A4-8 and amino acid residues T303, K307, K386, W389 and R391 were peripheral residues for this epitope. The location of the mAb 14A4-8 epitope overlaps with the DENV complex-reactive antigenic site in the DENV-3 ED3 domain.
A Comment on the Systematic Confusion of Thrombolites

Abstract The designation “thrombolite” was proposed by Aitken for “cryptalgal structures related to stromatolites, but lacking lamination and characterized by a macroscopic clotted fabric. ” In that same paper, he referred to the characteristic mesostructural elements as clots. Since publication of that paper, there have been several attempts at redefinition that have further complicated our understanding of, and communication about, thrombolites. A distinction must be made between the thrombolite column and the mesostructural clots (mesoclots) that comprise it. Poorly preserved thrombolite columns have only vague mesoclots recognizable, thus leading to confusion. This is particularly true if the columns, themselves, are complex and comprise larger thrombolite bioherms or biostromes. Mesoclots are generally polymorphic mm- to cm-sized objects whereas columns, which may also be polymorphic, are one to several orders of magnitude larger. In order for there to be clear communication among microbialite paleontologists and sedimentologists, a standard guideline for mega-, macro-, meso-, and microstructural studies of thrombolites should be followed.
A systematic review of nonsurgical single-visit versus multiple-visit endodontic treatment

: Conventional endodontic treatment used to require multiple visits, but some clinicians have suggested that single-visit treatment is superior. Single-visit endodontic treatment and multiple-visit endodontic treatment both have their advantages and disadvantages. This paper is a literature review of the research on nonsurgical single-visit versus multiple-visit endodontic treatment. The PubMed database was searched using the keywords (endodontic treatment OR endodontic therapy OR root canal treatment OR root canal therapy) AND (single-visit OR one-visit OR 1-visit). Review papers, case reports, data studies, and irrelevant reports were excluded, and 47 papers on clinical trials were reviewed. The studies generally had small sample sizes, and the endodontic procedures varied among the studies. Meta-analysis on the selected studies was performed, and the results showed that the postoperative complications of the single-visit and multiple-visit endodontic treatment were similar. Furthermore, neither single-visit endodontic treatment nor multiple-visit treatment had superior results over the other in terms of healing or success rate. Results of limited studies on disinfection of the root canals using low-energy laser photodynamic therapy is inconclusive, and further studies are necessary to show whether laser should be used in endodontic treatment. This review also found that that neither single-visit endodontic treatment nor multiple-visit treatment could guarantee the absence of postoperative pain. Since the study design of many studies displayed significant limitation and the materials and equipment used in endodontic treatment have dramatically changed in recent years, prospective randomized clinical trials are needed to further verify the postoperative pain and success rates of single-visit versus multiple-visit endodontic treatment.