Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Flow-level Tail Latency Estimation and Verification based on Extreme Value Theory

Modeling extreme latencies in communication net-works can contribute information to network planning and flow admission under service level agreements. Extreme Value Theory is such an approach that utilizes real-world measurement data. It is often applied without verifying the resulting model predictions on larger datasets. Here we show that such models can provide accurate predictions over larger datasets while being applied to 100 random network topologies and configurations. We found that applying derived models with a bounded tail to a twentyfold time period results in a prediction accuracy of 75% for extreme latency exceedances. Furthermore, we show that tail latency quantiles can be predicted on a flow level with median absolute percentage errors ranging from 0.7% to 16.8%. Therefore, we consider this approach to be useful for dimensioning networks under latency-constrained service level agreements.
AC Impedance Modeling of True-Bipolar MMC-HVdc System With Dual-Droop Control

Droop control strategy proposed by referring to the output power versus frequency and voltage amplitude curve of the generator is used in the true-bipolar modular multilevel converter (MMC)- high-voltage direct current (HVdc) system. The other side of the true-bipolar MMC-HVdc system is generally connected to a large-scale new energy generation field. In this situation, people find that the oscillation problem occurs from time to time. To study systems with a high proportion of power electronics, this article respectively establishes the small-signal multi-input multi-output (MIMO) sequence impedance model of the ac side of a pseudo-bipolar MMC-HVdc system and a true-bipolar MMC-HVdc system considering frequency coupling. Simulation models are established on the MATLAB/Simulink platform to verify the accuracy of the established model.
OrderMap: A CGRA Mapping Algorithm based on DFG Analysis and Graph Homomorphism

Coarse-grained reconfigurable architecture (CGRA) accelerator is a promising solution in fields such as deep learning and edge computing. One of the difficult problems to design the accelerator is to map the data flow graph (DFG) to the architecture efficiently. The previous mapping algorithms based on graph structure mainly focus on optimization during the placement and routing stage, which may fall into a local minimum and lead to an increase in initiation interval (II). We propose a CGRA mapping algorithm, OrderMap, based on DFG analysis and graph homomorphism. It analyzes the DFG structure information to decide the node mapping order, followed by placement, and routing. Experimental results show that our algorithm is faster than CGRA-ME with smaller IIs. Compared with FastCGRA based on the depth-first order, OrderMap is 22.3 × faster with the same mapping results.
Tools for Fast Metric Data Search in Structural Methods for Image Classification

The article proposes a new classification method based on implementing the high-speed search tools for the indexed data structure created on the etalon set of features, which has significant advantages in processing speed compared to the traditional approaches. The classifier is represented as two-stage processing, where at the first stage the class for the separate object descriptor is determined, and at the second stage, the resulting class of the object is determined based on the obtained set of local solutions. The developed method is based on the preliminary construction of the indexed hash structures for the set of descriptors of the base of the etalon images. Implementing the hash representation allows for increasing the speed of identification or classification of visual objects. A comparative experiment with the traditional method of voting has been conducted, where the linear search for the nearest descriptor has been implemented for the identification without the use of prior creation of the indexed hash representation of the etalons. In the experiment, we have gained in processing speed for the developed method compared to the traditional over 10 times. The gain in processing speed increases proportionally with the number of the etalons and the number of the descriptors in the descriptions. The experiment has shown that the efficiency of the method can be enhanced by varying the values of its parameters and adapting to the properties of the data.
Nano-Encapsulated Melatonin: A Promising Mucosal Adjuvant in Intranasal Immunization against Chronic Experimental T. gondii Infection

Melatonin (MLT) is now emerging as one of the universally accepted immunostimulators with broad applications in medicine. It is a biological manipulator of the immune system, including mucosal ones. MLT was encapsulated in solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), then 100 mg/kg/dose of MLT-SLNs was used as an adjuvant of Toxoplasma lysate antigen (TLA). Experimental mice were intra-nasally inoculated with three doses of different regimens every two weeks, then challenged with 20 cysts of T. gondii Me49 strain, where they were sacrificed four weeks post-infection. Protective vaccine efficacy was evident via the significant brain cyst count reduction of 58.6%, together with remarkably high levels of humoral systemic and mucosal anti-Toxoplasma antibodies (Ig G, Ig A), supported by a reduced tachyzoites invasion of Vero cells in vitro upon incubation with sera obtained from these vaccinated mice. A cellular immune response was evident through the induction of significant levels of interferon-gamma (IFN γ), associated with morphological deteriorations of cysts harvested from the brains of vaccinated mice. Furthermore, the amelioration of infection-induced oxidative stress (OS) and histopathological changes were evident in mice immunized with TLA/MLT-SLNs. In conclusion, the present study highlighted the promising role of intranasal MLT-SLNs as a novel mucosal adjuvant candidate against chronic toxoplasmosis.
A 40nm CMOS Low-Power Multi-phase 4~8 GHz Frequency Divider with <0.1° Phase Error

To improve I/Q mismatch in high frequency multi-phase frequency divider, a phase error calibration scheme is proposed for a low-power multi-phase 4~8 GHz frequency divider. This frequency divider with phase calibration scheme is implemented in 40nm CMOS process. Post-simulation results show that the phase tuning range is about 1.6° with a 0.1° step with phase noise of -157.1~ -144.3dBc/Hz at 10MHz offset over band of interest. The total power consumption is 1.21~2.19mW from a 1.1V supply voltage, and core area is 0.0455 × 0.0084 mm2.
Research on Charging Station Planning Method Considering Electric Vehicle Charging Queuing

Reasonable planning scheme of electric vehicle charging station directly affects the economic benefits of charging station operators, and also relates to the convenience and satisfaction of electric vehicle users. In order to balance the interests between charging station operators and electric vehicle users, and provide a reasonable basis for the number of charging piles, this paper studies the planning of electric vehicle charging stations. Firstly, the charging behavior of electric vehicles is analyzed, and the classical queuing theory is used to calculate the charging queuing index of electric vehicles to ensure the charging satisfaction of electric vehicle users. Secondly, the economic benefits of charging station operators and the time cost of users constitute the economic indicators of the system, and the planning model of electric vehicle charging station considering the efficiency of charging station utilization and user waiting time is proposed. Finally, the practicability and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified by 5-node charging station network.
Preliminary Design and Comparison of 5 Phase and 6 Phase Fault Tolerant Outer Rotor Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines with Different Electrical Steel

In this paper, a comparison of 5 phase and 6 phase fault tolerant outer rotor permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) with fractional slot concentrated winding (FSCW) is presented. The paper will show that machines with higher number of slots have less mass of active materials due to the decreased length of end windings. Further, if both conditions of outer rotor and fixed outer diameter apply, there exists only one optimal topology of FSCW from the point of view machine's torque/mass density. Finally, when comparing machines with cobalt iron (FeCo) and silicon iron (FeSi) electrical steel, the latter are cheaper, have lower iron losses and can be shorter than FeCo machines. However, when the main task is to reach high torque density per mass, FeCo machines are the better solution.
Design and Demonstration of a Medium-Voltage Silicon Carbide ANPC Power Stage

In this paper, the design of a high-power medium-voltage (MV) active-neutral-point-clamped (ANPC) converter using the 1.7kV silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFET modules is presented. How to achieve a low stray inductance design while meeting voltage insulation requirements are the challenges addressed in this work through the use of a three-dimensional (3D) busbar design approach. In addition, various resonant frequency measurement methods are investigated, leading to an accurate current commutation loop inductance extraction from the voltage ringing of the device. Experimental studies are performed using two ANPC power stages in a pump-back configuration to verify the performance of the proposed design.
Design of Asymmetric Inductance for Multi-port Active Bridge Converter

The DC-DC converters with multi-port high frequency transformer are promising topology for next generation DC-grid. Among of them, Triple-Active Bridge (TAB) converter is in attention for its flexibility of various DC sources and loads connection that can enhance the functionality of DC grid. To control the power among three DC voltage ports, the leakage inductance of high frequency transformer and phase-shift of terminal voltages are key factors. Small inductance can increase the maximum power transmitted between three DC ports and reduces the system cost and volume. However, the inductor current variation caused by the DC port voltage fluctuation would severely deteriorate and the power variation would be very sensitive with the phase-shift among output voltages. Those might cause the failure of Zero Voltage Switching operation. Therefore, the proper leakage inductance design is important to achieve the stable operation of TAB converter. Meanwhile, when the rated power values of three DC voltage ports are identical, the leakage inductance design is quite simple. However, the inductance design method for the asymmetric three DC ports have not been proposed yet. This paper proposes the design method of leakage inductances in TAB converter of which the nominal power of three DC port is asymmetric. To have desired phase-shift of terminal voltages at nominal power flow, the asymmetric combination of leakage inductance is necessary. The proposed method is verified by simulation and experimental results with TAB converter test setup.
In-network Support for Packet Reordering for Multiaccess Transport Layer Tunneling

Networked systems have recently aimed to use multiple access networks in parallel to increase resiliency, availability and capacity. However, different paths may have different latency characteristics, which may lead to out-of-order packet delivery. This may severely impact both the end-to-end application performance and the capacity utilisation of multiaccess systems. In this paper, we show that in-network support for packet reordering for multiaccess systems that are based on multiple transport layer tunnels is beneficial for several application types. Our findings are applicable to TCP and QUIC traffic in the 3GPP ATSSS context, where we use the MP-DCCP tunneling framework with a buffer-based packet reordering approach that uses a dynamic timing threshold to cope with variation of path delays over time. We demonstrate achievable performance gains for a wide range of path latency differences and end-to-end round trip times when using different in-network reordering algorithms.
The Performance Enhancement of Polysilicon Microbolometer in Standard CMOS Technology with Si3N4 Film

The microstructure enhanced infrared absorptivity of microbolometer based standard CMOS technology cannot satisfy the enhancement effect of wide spectrum. In this paper, the Si<inf>3</inf>N<inf>4</inf> is deposited on the absorber of microbolometer with Al grating to enlarge the absorptivity band to 13 μm. The simulated results show that the optimal thickness of Si<inf>3</inf>N<inf>4</inf> deposition is 200 nm and the average absorptivity can be increased by 75.6% at the wavelength range of 10 to 13 μm. The experimental results show that the maximum of detectivity is 2.32×10<sup>9</sup> cmHz<sup>1/2</sup>/W after depositing 200 nm Si<inf>3</inf>N<inf>4</inf> and the average increased percentage is 77.97% at wavelengths of 10 μm to 13 μm, which is very close to the simulated result of 75.6%.
Symmetrical Components Extraction for Grid-Forming Voltage Source Converters

Fast and accurate detection of symmetrical components is critical for ride-through of asymmetrical faults in grid-forming (GFM) inverter based resources (IBRs). Compared to their grid-following (GFL) counterparts, faster and stable detection of symmetrical components is desired for GFM IBRs due to their more stringent fault ride-through requirements. In this work, five different time-domain approaches for symmetrical components extraction are evaluated from transient response time, accuracy, and digital implementation perspective. Fundamental grid frequency adaptive implementations of these methods are considered, where their output accuracy is compared at different sampling rates. Based on simulation and experimental results, guidelines are presented for preferred implementation strategies at high versus low and fixed versus variable sampling rates.
Valence Change of Europium in EuFe 2 As 1.4 P 0.6 and Compressed EuFe 2 As 2 and Its Relation to Superconductivity

Superconductivity can be realized in Eu-containing pnictides by applying chemical (internal) and physical (external) pressure, the intrinsic physical mechanism of which attracts much attention in the studies of pnictide superconductors. Here we present the experimental evidence for the pressure-induced valence change of europium in EuFe2As1.4P0. 6 exposed to ambient pressure and EuFe2As2 to high pressure by x-ray absorption measurements on L-3-Eu edge. We found that the absorption spectrum of EuFe2As1.4P0. 6 showed a clear spectra weight transfer from divalent to trivalent state. Furthermore, a similar behavior of valence transition as in EuFe2As1.4P0. 6 was also observed in EuFe2As2 when pressure was applied. This reports the observation of valence change in pnictide superconductors and the analysis of its influence on superconductivity in EuFe2As1.4P0. 6 and compressed EuFe2As2.
Insulation Performance Analysis of Composite Insulator with Embedded Coils for Wireless Power Transfer

Multi-relay wireless power transfer (WPT) system has its unique advantages in power transfer over medium and long distance, which provides a new idea for energy supply of online monitoring device of high-voltage power transmission line (HVPL). However, the influence of embedded coils on the insulation performance of composite insulator is a problem we pay attention to. Based on the working principle and structure of multi-relay WPT system, the insulation performance of composite insulator with different sizes of weather shed is compared and studied. The surface potential drop, the distribution of surface and radial electric field intensity of insulator are obtained by finite element analysis (FEA) method. The simulation results show that the composite insulator with a certain thickness of weather shed featuring equal diameter represents better insulation performance.
A 77-101GHz 6-Bit Vector-Modulated Phase Shifter with Low RMS Error in 65nm SOI CMOS

This paper presents a 77–101 GHz active 6-bit phase shifter based on a vector-modulated technique in 65 $n$ m SOI CMOS technology for W-band phased-array systems. Optimizations of the impedance-invariant variable gain amplifier (VGA) are performed to reduce the phase error and gain error among the phase states. In addition, a quadrature signal generator composed of a 90-degree hybrid and a pair of Marchand balun is exploited for wideband applications. The proposed phase shifter achieves 5.6° phase step, < 2.0° RMS phase error and < 0.8dB RMS gain error over 77–101 GHz. The total power consumption is 31mW and the core area of the phase shifter is only 0.2mm2.
Necessary conditions for hybrid optimization

Studies the necessary conditions for optimal trajectories of hybrid optimization problems. By "hybrid", we mean processes involving continuous-time and discrete-time evolutions. We start by giving a precise definition of a hybrid system. We state a hybrid maximum principle and give examples of the use of this principle. Then we introduce a different class of hybrid systems and show how it is possible to study optimal hybrid trajectories by using the same maximum principle and by properly defining an associated hybrid system of the first type.
Top-Down Design Method of Station Subgrade Surface BIM Model Based on Constituting Surface Method with Multi-Characteristic Lines

Focusing on the difficulty and low design efficiency of BIM design about subgrade in railway station, this paper proposes a top-down design method of BIM model based on the constituting surface method with multi-characteristic lines. The method uses characteristic lines, such as the center lines of the railway alignment, the center lines of drainage, the shoulder lines and the key cross-sections to control the form of subgrade surface, by constantly adjusting the characteristic lines. Thanks to this method, it realizes the top-down BIM design of the subgrade within railway station. Now the process of railway station subgrade modeling is more efficiency, and the result of this method is closer to actual situation on construction site.
Single shot pulse-echo based attenuation coefficient estimation for ultrasound contrast agents

Ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) consist of coated microbubbles with relevance in diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Understanding their oscillatory behavior in an acoustic field requires the knowledge of their shell parameters. One way to estimate these parameters is to fit a theoretical attenuation curve to the experimentally measured attenuation data. The latter, however, requires an additional reference measurement in the absence of UCAs, which may not always be feasible, for instance, for in-vivo applications. In view of this, we propose a new technique to estimate the UCA's attenuation coefficient directly from the ultrasound pulse-echo measurements in the target UCA medium. Our proposed approach does not rely on any reference measurement and can provide the attenuation estimates in a single-shot, benefitting from a least-squares based solver. Performance assessment on simulated data indicated its potential for accurate and fast attenuation estimation of UCAs in clinical settings.
High Voltage High Frequency Single Wire Energy Transfer

This paper presents a high voltage high frequency single wire energy transfer system for applications such as mining excavations. The Single Wire Energy Transfer system and its main electrical parameters are shown and described. The scope of the paper is limited to a study of the high frequency DC/AC/DC circuit of the SWET system. The feasibility of the proposed system was tested using a simulation model. Following the confirmation of feasibility by the means of simulation, a laboratory setup was prepared to test the system prototype. A good match was found between simulation and measurement results.
A Fully-integrated 110-GHz Wideband Direct-detection Imaging Unit MMIC Integrating Balanced Power Detector and Log-periodic Antenna

this paper presents a 110-GHz wideband direct-detection imaging unit integrating balanced power detector and log-periodic antenna in 0.25 μm GaAs pHEMT technology. The detector mainly consists of a 90° bridge, two identical transistors for detection, and a low-pass filter. Coplanar waveguides (CPW) are deployed to implement transmission lines in a compact size. In addition, an on-chip log-periodic antenna is co-designed to connect with the detector. Simulation results demonstrate that the peak responsivity of the detector is 8 kV/ W at 98 GHz with a 3 dB bandwidth from 85.9 GHz to 128.9 GHz and a low in-band noise equivalent power (NEP) of 0.87-1.5 pW/Hz1/2. The simulated $\boldsymbol{S}_{11}$ is less than -7.6 dB at 75–140 GHz. The overall size of the chip is 2.7 × 1 mm2including pads.
ANovel Single-Phase Transformerless Grid-Connected PV Inverter

This paper proposes a topology of a transformerless inverter with ac-decoupling and dc-link midpoint clamping for PV systems to solve the issue of leakage currents by eliminating common-mode voltage fluctuation. The operating principle of the clamping branch which ensures the constant common-mode voltage is explained in detail. A comparison with other conventional topologies is performed. The proposed topology presents a reduction of the leakage current, in addition to a lower number of devices in the current path, ensuring lower losses. Simulation results are presented in order to demonstrate the performance of the new topology.
Overall Improvements in Outdoor Performance of ATH-free Silicone Rubbers by Direct Fluorination

This report summarizes previous studies on direct fluorination of ATH-free silicone rubbers (SRs) with different types or formulations to improve the outdoor application performance of SR, and gives overall improvements in the outdoor performance of ATH-free SRs by direct fluorination. The overall performance improvements contain the hydrophobicity, moisture barrier properties, dc flashover performance, corona or arc discharge resistance, and tracking and erosion resistance. Physicochemical characteristics of the fluorinated layers are also described, and the related mechanisms for these performance improvements are explained.
Residual Spiking Neural Network on a Programmable Neuromorphic Hardware for Speech Keyword Spotting

In recent years, spiking neural networks (SNNs) based on neuromorphic system have shown impressive scalability and energy superiority on lots of intelligent tasks, such as image classification, language understanding and human-computer interaction. In this paper, we propose a novel residual SNN (R-SNN) architecture for speech keyword spotting, which can be easily deployed on a programmable neuromorphic chip. Our experimental results show the proposed R-SNN can achieve 92.08% classification accuracy with about 183 words/second run-time speed and 0.156 mJ/word power performance.