Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Trade-Off Between Energy and Multicast Efficiency in 802.16e-Like Mobile Networks

In this paper we define a new problem that has not been addressed in the past: the trade-off between energy efficiency and throughput for multicast services in 802.16e or similar mobile networks. In such networks, the mobile host can reduce its energy consumption by entering the sleep mode when it is not supposed to receive or transmit information. For unicast applications the trade-off between delay and energy efficiency has been extensively researched. However, for mobile hosts running multicast (usually push-based) applications, it is much more difficult to determine when data should be transmitted by the base-station and when each host should enter the sleep mode. In order to maximize the channel throughput while limiting energy consumption, a group of hosts needing similar data items should be active during the same time intervals. We define this as an optimization problem, and present several algorithms for it. We show that the most efficient solution is the one that employs cross-layer optimization by dividing the hosts into groups according to the quality of their downlink PHY channels.
Overview of the TREC 2013 Contextual Suggestion Track

Abstract : For participants familiar with the 2012 Contextual Suggestion Track we have provided a list of the main changes to this year's track: Contexts no longer include a temporal component (day of week, time of day, and season), contexts consist of only a location. Users were recruited from a crowdsourcing service (Mechanical Turk) as well as from the University of Waterloo student body. Suggestion attractiveness judgements are given on a 5-point, rather than a 3-point, scale. Submissions based off of the ClueWeb12 corpus were allowed in addition to submissions based off of the open web. A modified Time-Biased Gain (TBG) metric was used in addition to P@5 and MRR. This metric is described in section 4.3. The option to submit solely based on context or solely based or user profiles was removed. The file format used for profiles, contexts, and suggestions was switched from XML to CSV and JSON.
Scene Particles: Unregularized Particle-Based Scene Flow Estimation

In this paper, an algorithm is presented for estimating scene flow, which is a richer, 3D analog of optical flow. The approach operates orders of magnitude faster than alternative techniques and is well suited to further performance gains through parallelized implementation. The algorithm employs multiple hypotheses to deal with motion ambiguities, rather than the traditional smoothness constraints, removing oversmoothing errors and providing significant performance improvements on benchmark data, over the previous state of the art. The approach is flexible and capable of operating with any combination of appearance and/or depth sensors, in any setup, simultaneously estimating the structure and motion if necessary. Additionally, the algorithm propagates information over time to resolve ambiguities, rather than performing an isolated estimation at each frame, as in contemporary approaches. Approaches to smoothing the motion field without sacrificing the benefits of multiple hypotheses are explored, and a probabilistic approach to occlusion estimation is demonstrated, leading to 10 and 15 percent improved performance, respectively. Finally, a data-driven tracking approach is described, and used to estimate the 3D trajectories of hands during sign language, without the need to model complex appearance variations at each viewpoint.
Evaporation and solar irradiance as regulators of sea surface temperature in annual and interannual changes

Seven years of net surface solar irradiance (S) derived from cloud information provided by the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project and 4 years of surface latent heat flux (E) derived from observations of the special sensor microwave imager were used to examine the relation between surface heat fluxes and sea surface temperature (Ts) in their global geographical distribution, seasonal cycle, and interannual variation. The relations of seasonal changes imply that evaporation cooling is significant over most of the ocean and that solar heating is the main drive for the change of Ts away from the equatorial wave guide where ocean dynamics may be more important. However, Ts is not the most direct and significant factor in the seasonal changes of S and E over most of the ocean; the solar incident angle may be more important to S, and wind speed and air humidity are found to correlate better with E. Significant local correlations between anomalies of Ts and S and between anomalies of Ts and E are found in the central equatorial Pacific; both types of correlation are negative. In this area, organized deep convection overlies the warm ocean, forms high clouds, and reduces S, while the low wind speed and high humidity that result from surface convergence reduce E. The negative correlation is not present in the surrounding areas where equally warm water and strong Ts anomalies are found under a subsiding atmosphere without similarly strong S and E anomalies. Correlation between anomalies of temperature tendency and the fluxes is weak, indicating that other factors are more influential in changing upper ocean heat balance during El Nino. The result shows that the relations between Ts and the flux components, in annual and interannual timescales, are not universal and not consistent with the local negative feedback postulations which require that an increase in Ts would result in an increase in local evaporative cooling and a decrease in local solar heating of the ocean. Large-scale atmospheric circulation changes clouds, winds, and humidity; they, in turn, influence the fluxes significantly. The influence of ocean dynamics in changing Ts in the tropical ocean can not be ignored.
MULTIMODAL SAMPLING VIA APPPROXIMATE SYMMETRIES

Sampling from multimodal distributions is a challenging task in scientific computing. When a distribution has an exact symmetry between the modes, direct jumps among them can accelerate the samplings significantly. However, the distributions from most applications do not have exact symmetries. This paper considers the distributions with approximate symmetries. We first construct an exactly symmetric reference distribution from the target one by averaging over the group orbit associated with the approximate symmetry. Next, we can apply the multilevel Monte Carlo methods by constructing a continuation path between the reference and target distributions. We discuss how to implement these steps with annealed importance sampling and tempered transitions. Compared with traditional multilevel methods, the proposed approach can be more effective since the reference and target distributions are much closer. Numerical results of the Ising models are presented to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method.
Rise and fall in diversity of Neogene marine vertebrates on the temperate Pacific coast of South America

Abstract Even though Neogene outcrops along the temperate Pacific coast of South America harbor a rich marine vertebrate fossil record, no studies have examined the diversification patterns of these taxa. Here, we analyze diversification trends based on the stratigraphic ranges of 86 genera of marine vertebrates, including sharks, rays, chimaeras, marine mammals, and seabirds. The richness of genera shows a hump-shaped trend, with maximum values around the late Miocene, driven by a large pulse of origination during mid-Miocene and higher extinction rates during the Pliocene. Trends varied markedly among taxa and departed largely from expectations based on global diversification patterns. Moreover, these trends cannot be explained solely as a sampling artifact derived from sampling intensity (i.e., number of occurrences) or sedimentary rock availably (i.e., number of geologic maps). A large fraction of genera (42%) went globally extinct by the late Pliocene–Pleistocene, and the extinction was highly selective according to different ecological and life-history traits. An analysis using “randomForest” showed that taxonomic structure and the geographic midpoint of distribution could explain up to 83% of extinction of genera. The extinction was taxonomically clumped (i.e., disproportionally high in Cetacea and very low in Carcharhiniformes) and concentrated in the northern area of the temperate Pacific coast of South America. Our results suggest that the particular paleogeographic, paleoclimatic, and paleoceanographic events that took place during the Neogene along the temperate Pacific coast of South America had a significant effect on the structure of marine biodiversity.
Coupling techniques between dielectric waveguides and planar photonic crystals.

El objetivo de esta tesis es la investigacion de estructuras y tecnicas de acoplo para minimizar las perdidas de acoplo entre guias dielectricas y cristales fotonicos planares. En primer lugar se ha estudiado el modelado del acoplo entre guias dielectricas y guias en cristal fotonico asi como la influencia de los principales parametros del cristal en la eficiencia de acoplo. Se han obtenido expresiones cerradas para las matrices de reflexion y transmision que caracterizan totalmente el scattering que ocurre en el interfaz formado entre una guia dielectrica y una guia en cristal fotonico. A continuacion y con el fin de mejorar la eficiencia de acoplo desde guias dielectrica de anchura arbitraria, se ha propuesto como contribucion original una tecnica de acoplo basada en la introduccion de defectos puntuales en el interior de una estructura de acoplo tipo cuna realizada en el cristal fotonico. Diferentes soluciones, incluida los algoritmos geneticos, han sido propuestas con el objetivo de conseguir el diseno optimo de la configuracion de defectos. Una vez conseguido un acoplo eficiente desde guias dielectricas a guias en cristal fotonico, se ha investigado el acoplo en guias de cavidades acopladas. Como contribucion original se ha propuesto una tecnica de acoplo basada en la variacion gradual del radio de los defectos situados entre cavidades adyacentes. Ademas, se ha realizado un riguroso analisis en el dominio del tiempo y la frecuencia de la propagacion de pulsos en guias acopladas de longitud finita. Dicho estudio ha tenido como objetivo la caracterizacion de la influencia de la eficiencia del acoplo en los parametros del pulso. Finalmente, se han presentado los procesos de fabricacion y resultados experimentales de las estructuras de acoplo propuestas.
Tight Wavelet Frames on Multislice Graphs

We present a framework for the design of wavelet transforms tailored to data defined on multislice graphs (i.e., multiplex or dynamic graphs). Graphs with multiple types of interactions are ubiquitous in real life, motivating the extension of wavelets to these complex domains. Our framework generalizes the recently proposed spectral graph wavelet transform (SGWT) [D. Hammond, P. Vandergheynst, and R. Gribonval, “Wavelets on Graphs via Spectral Graph Theory,” Appl. Comput. Harmon. Anal. , vol. 30, pp. 129-150, Mar. 2011], which is designed in the spectral (frequency) domain of an arbitrary finite weighted graph. We extend the SGWT to form a tight frame, which conserves energy in the wavelet domain, and define the relationship between conventional and spectral graph wavelets. We then propose a design for multislice graphs that is based on the higher-order singular value decomposition (HOSVD), a powerful tool from multilinear algebra. In particular, the multiple adjacency matrices are stacked to form a tensor and the HOSVD decomposition provides information about its third-order structure, analogous to that provided by matrix factorizations. We obtain a set of “eigennetworks” and from these graph wavelets, which exploit the variability across the graphs. We demonstrate the feasibility of our method 1) by capturing different orientations of a gray-scale image and 2) by decomposing brain signals from functional magnetic resonance imaging. We show its effectiveness to identify variability across graph edges and provide meaningful decompositions.
Policy Options to Durably Resolve Euro Area Imbalances

A simple econometric framework is presented linking current account balances of euro area countries to intra and extra euro area competitiveness, cyclical positions, fiscal positions and the oil price. The framework is then used to cyclically-adjust observed current account balances and illustrate the scale of the additional adjustments to competitiveness and/or fiscal balances required in the euro area periphery to bring structural current account balances to levels compatible with sustainable net external debt levels. In Spain and Portugal, cost competitiveness relative to the rest of the euro area would need to improve by about 30%, and by more than twice that in Greece. In peripheral countries, a combination of structural reforms to boost productivity and enhance the flexibility of labour markets, ambitious fiscal consolidation and reductions in labour taxes could substantially facilitate the rebalancing process and reduce the extent to which the burden of adjustment is reliant on further prolonged demand weakness. Surplus and/or strong competitiveness countries could help by likewise making labour and product markets more flexible, accepting above-normal inflation for an extended period and boosting demand, perhaps through reduced fiscal austerity. Options de politiques publiques pour reduire durablement les desequilibres de la zone euro Un cadre econometrique simple est developpe qui lie la balance au compte courant des pays de la zone euro a la competitivite intra et extra euro, aux positions cycliques, aux positions budgetaires et au prix du petrole. Ce cadre est ensuite utilise pour corriger les balances courantes observees pour le cycle economique et pour illustrer la taille des ajustements additionnels a la competitivite et/ou aux budgets necessaires dans la peripherie de la zone euro pour amener les comptes courants structurels a des balances compatibles avec des niveaux durables de dette exterieure nette. L’Espagne et le Portugal necessiteraient une amelioration de leur competitivite par rapport au reste de la zone euro de l’ordre de 30%, et la Grece de plus de deux fois cela. Dans la peripherie de la zone euro, une combinaison de reformes structurelles pour stimuler la productivite et ameliorer la flexibilite du marche du travail, de consolidation budgetaire ambitieuse et d’allegement de la taxation du travail pourrait faciliter substantiellement le processus de rebalancement et reduire la mesure dans laquelle le poids de l’ajustement repose sur une faiblesse de la demande prolongee. Les pays en surplus ou avec une forte competitivite pourraient aider en rendant eux aussi les marches du travail et des produits plus flexibles, en acceptant une inflation plus elevee que normal sur une longue periode et en stimulant la demande, peut-etre en attenuant l’austerite fiscale.
Fault‐Slip Source Models for the 2011 M 7.1 Van Earthquake in Turkey from SAR Interferometry, Pixel Offset Tracking, GPS, and Seismic Waveform Analysis

Online Material: Additional point‐source mechanisms for mainshock/aftershocks listed in table 2; snapshots, movie of bodywave finite‐fault model; additional information on source modeling. A large M w 7.1 earthquake struck the area north of the city of Van in easternmost Turkey on 23 October 2011. The mainshock epicenter and most of the aftershocks were located south of the eastern arm of Lake Van (Fig. 1), and extensive damage was reported in the city of Van, the city of Ercis, and many smaller towns nearby. The Lake Van region has suffered from a large number of historical earthquakes, with many causing significant damage in the last 2000 years (Table 1; Ergin et al. , 1967; Ambraseys and Jackson, 1998; Albini et al. , 2012). The region is near the center of the elevated Turkish–Iranian Plateau (also called the Anatolian Plateau) in the collision zone between the Arabian and Eurasian plates, and is well to the east of the escape tectonics exhibited along the major strike‐slip North Anatolian and East Anatolian faults (e.g., Jackson and McKenzie, 1984; Taymaz et al. , 1991, 2007; Yolsal‐Cevikbilen et al. , 2012). The plateau has an average elevation around 2000 m (Copley and Jackson, 2006; Tan and Taymaz, 2006; Podgorski et al. , 2007), and Lake Van has an elevation of about 1650 m above sea level. The Moho depth in the Van area, inferred from receiver‐function and surface‐wave analysis, is approximately 43 km, in the middle of a Moho gradient from about 40 km in the south to 50 km under the Pontides Mountains at the northern edge of the plateau (Gok et al. , 2011; Vanacore et al. , 2013). There are many Quaternary mafic volcanoes in the area (Fig. 1), which likely result from elevated temperatures in the upper mantle and possible delamination of part of the subducted …
Automatic Clustering Using an Improved Differential Evolution Algorithm

Differential evolution (DE) has emerged as one of the fast, robust, and efficient global search heuristics of current interest. This paper describes an application of DE to the automatic clustering of large unlabeled data sets. In contrast to most of the existing clustering techniques, the proposed algorithm requires no prior knowledge of the data to be classified. Rather, it determines the optimal number of partitions of the data "on the run. " Superiority of the new method is demonstrated by comparing it with two recently developed partitional clustering techniques and one popular hierarchical clustering algorithm. The partitional clustering algorithms are based on two powerful well-known optimization algorithms, namely the genetic algorithm and the particle swarm optimization. An interesting real-world application of the proposed method to automatic segmentation of images is also reported.
Sustaining America's urban trees and forests: a Forests on the Edge report

Close to 80 percent of the U.S. population lives in urban areas and depends on the essential ecological, economic, and social benefits provided by urban trees and forests. However, the distribution of urban tree cover and the benefits of urban forests vary across the United States, as do the challenges of sustaining this important resource. As urban areas expand across the country, the importance of the benefits that urban forests provide, as well as the challenges to their conservation and maintenance, will increase. The purpose of this report is to provide an overview of the current status and benefits of America's urban forests, compare differences in urban forest canopy cover among regions, and discuss challenges facing urban forests and their implications for urban forest management.
Fracture orientation and intensity from AVAz inversion: A physical modeling study

SUMMARY We present a pre-stack amplitude inversion of P-wave data to determine fracture orientation and intensity. We test the method on multi-azimuth multi-offset physical model reflection data acquired over a simulated fractured medium. This medium is composed of phenolic material with controlled symmetry planes, whose elastic properties have already been determined using traveltime analysis. This experimental model represents a layer with horizontal transverse isotropy (HTI) symmetry. We apply amplitude inversion of small incident angle data to extract the fracture orientation (direction of isotropic plane of the medium) quite accurately. Knowing the fracture orientation, we modified the available linear PP reflection coefficient equation to invert for the anisotropy parameters (e (V) , d (V) , g). The results for all three anisotropy parameters from AVAz inversion compare very favorably to those obtained previously by a traveltime inversion. This result makes it possible to compute the shear-wave splitting parameter, g, directly related to fracture intensity, which historically have been determined from shear-wave data, from a quantitative analysis of the P-wave reflected data independent of any S-wave measurements.
Festival places : revitalising rural Australia

Contributors Preface Section 1: Exploring rural festivals Chapter 1: The extent and significance of rural festivals - Chris Gibson, John Connell, Gordon Waitt and Jim Walmsley Chapter 2: Histories of agricultural shows and rural festivals in Australia - Kate Darian-Smith Chapter 3: Rural festivals and processes of belonging - Michelle Duffy and Gordon Waitt Section 2: Nuts and bolts: Making festivals happen Chapter 4: Local leadership and rural renewal through festival fun: the case of SnowFest - Amanda Davies Chapter 5: Economic benefits of rural festivals and questions of geographical scale: the Rusty Gromfest surf carnival - Patricia Tindall Chapter 6: Greening rural festivals: ecology, sustainability, and human-nature relations - Chris Gibson and Colleen WongSection 3: Politics and place: Culture, nature and colonialism Chapter 7: Performing culture as political strategy: the Garma Festival, Northeast Arnhem Land - Peter Phipps Chapter 8: 'Our Spirit Rises from the Ashes': Mapoon festival and History's shadow - Lisa Slater Chapter 9: Birthday parties and flower shows, musters and multiculturalism: festivals in post-war Gympie - Robert Edwards Chapter 10: On display: Ravensthorpe Wildflower Show and the assembly of place - Robyn MayesSection 4: Reinventing rurality Chapter 11: Elvis in the country: transforming place in rural Australia - John Connell and Chris Gibson Chapter 12: Marketing a sustainable rural utopia: the evolution of a community festival - Matthew W. Rofe and Hilary P.M. Winchester Chapter 13: ChillOut: a festival 'out' in the country - Gordon Waitt and Andrew Gorman-MurraySection 5: Festival people Chapter 14: Bring in your washing: family circuses, festivity and rural Australia - Andrea Lemon Chapter 15: Culturing commitment: serious leisure and the folk festival experience - Robbie Begg Chapter 16: Tartans, kilts and bagpipes: cultural identity and community creation at the Bundanoon is Brigadoon Scottish festival - Brad Ruting and Jen Li Chapter 17: What is Wangaratta to jazz? The (re)creation of place, music and community at the Wangaratta Jazz Festival - Rebecca Anne Curtis
Impact of land cover change on surface climate: Relevance of the radiative forcing concept

We use the IPSL climate model to investigate biophysical impacts of Anthropogenic Land Cover Change (ALCC) on surface climate. Including both the changes in surface albedo and evapotranspiration, we find that ALCC represents a radiative forcing of −0.29 W/m2 from 1860 to 1992 and of −0.7 W/m2 from 1992 to 2100. The simulated surface temperature response to ALCC indicates a historical cooling of 0.05 K and an additional cooling due to future changes of 0.14 K, which is consistent with the sign of the radiative forcing. However, this cooling is substantially lower than the one we would have obtained if it was caused by a radiatively equivalent change in CO2 concentration. These results thus question the relevance of the radiative forcing framework in the context of land use change, since the radiative forcing due to ALCC may not be comparable to the one exerted by other anthropogenic perturbations.