Review on Antidiabetic Potential on Some Medicinal Plants

Plants are used traditionally throughout the globe to treat various diseases. Traditionally used medicinal plants are an essential part of the health sector in Bangladesh due to their abundance of a vast source of ethnomedicine. Diabetes mellitus is one of the major health problems in the world, the incidence, and associated mortality are increasing. Inadequate regulation of blood sugar imposes serious consequences for health. Conventional antidiabetic drugs are effective, however, they also with unavoidable side effects. On the other hand, medicinal plants may act as an alternative source of antidiabetic agents. There is an increasing demand to use natural antidiabetic agents. The literature about antidiabetic herbs is scattered. The present article is a conglomeration of available indigenous literature. It also presents some common plants used in diabetes and the future of hypoglycaemic herbal drugs. Shahrukh Khan*, Kamini Kalia HIMT College of Pharmacy, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India Submitted: 24 October 2021 Accepted: 30 October 2021 Published: 30 November 2021 www.ijppr. humanjournals.com Citation: Shahrukh Khan et al. Ijppr.Human, 2021; Vol. 22 (4): 339-361. 340 INTRODUCTION: Ethnobotanical research has been increased recently at greater diversity not only at the national level but also at the international level. A number of the literature revealed that there is a significant gap exists between scientific validation of ethnomedicine and its uses. Herbal medicines with nutritional value are now away also used for their pharmacological properties to improve health status [1,2]. Thus plants are used as both food and medicine simultaneously [2,3]. Etymologically, the term diabetes can be defined as “pass-through”. The word diabetes has been derived from the Greek Word (‘dial means through; ‘bites means pass). More appropriately it has been defined as the secretion of an inordinate quantity of sweet-tasting, urine with a peculiar smell, accompanied with great thirst, dryness of skin, extreme debility, and general emaciation. In diabetes, the deficiency of insulin leads to a complex series of reactions which are clinically manifested as hyperglycemia [4]. Metabolic changes caused by hyperglycemia are called diabetes mellitus and the hyperglycemia may cause defects in insulin action or secretion or both cases. The available hypoglycemic agents used worldwide such as metformin, sulfonylureas, and glucosidase inhibitors have serious adverse effects such as diabetic ketoacidosis, diarrhea, and various diabetes complications [5]. TYPES OF DIABETES, PREVALENCE, AND MANAGEMENT There are various types of diabetes of which type 1 DM (T1DM) and type 2 DM (T2DM) were the most usually discussed. T1DM is also known as insulin-dependent diabetes. It is primarily due to pancreatic islet beta-cell destruction and is characterized by deficient insulin production in the body [6]. Patients with T1DM are prone to ketoacidosis and need daily administration of insulin to control the amount of glucose in their blood. The majority of T1DM occurs in children and adolescents [7]. On the other hand, T2DM, also known as non-insulin-dependent diabetes, results from the body’s effective use of insulin and hyperglycemia [8,9] and accounts for the vast majority of people with diabetes around the world. Insulin resistance is due to the reduced responsiveness of target tissues to normal circulating levels of insulin [9]. Ethnicity, family history of diabetes, and previous gestational diabetes, older age, overweight and obesity, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and smoking increase diabetes risk. Most people with diabetes are erected www.ijppr. humanjournals.com Citation: Shahrukh Khan et al. Ijppr.Human, 2021; Vol. 22 (4): 339-361. 341 by T2DM diabetes (90%), which usually occurs nearly entirely among adults but, these days is increasing in children [7]. The universal prevalence of diabetes has nearly doubled since 1980, rising from 4.7% to 8.5% in the adult population. Moreover, the prevalence of diabetes has also been found to steadily increase for the past 3 decades and has risen faster in lowand middle-income countries compared to high-income countries. The increase in the prevalence of diabetes is parallel with an increase in associated risk factors such as being overweight or obese. If not properly treated or controlled, diabetes may cause blindness, kidney failure, lower limb amputation, and other long-term consequences that impact significantly on the quality of life