InGaN μLEDs integrated onto colloidal quantum dot functionalized ultra-thin glass

Red-, orange-, and green-emitting integrated optoelectronic sources are demonstrated by transfer printing blue InGaN μLEDs onto ultra-thin glass platforms functionally enhanced with II-VI colloidal quantum dots (CQDs). The forward optical power conversion efficiency of these heterogeneously integrated devices is, respectively, 9%, 15%, and 14% for a blue light absorption over 95%. The sources are demonstrated in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) visible light communication link reaching respective data transmission rates of 46 Mbps, 44 Mbps and 61 Mbps. © 2017 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: (230.3670) Light-emitting diodes; (230.5590) Quantum-well, -wire, and -dot devices; (060.4510) Optical communications. References and links 1. J. K. Kim and E. F. Schubert, Transcending the replacement paradigm of solid-state lighting, Opt. Express 16(26), 2183521842 (2008). 2. J. J. D. McKendry, D. Massoubre, S. Zhang, B. R. Rae, R. P. Green, E. Gu, R. K. Henderson, A. E. Kelly, and M. D. Dawson, Visible-light communications using a CMOS-controlled micro-lightemitting-diode array, J. Lightwave Technol. 30(1), 6167 (2012). 3. H. Haas, L. Yin, Y. Wang, and C. Chen, What is LiFi?  J. Lightwave Technol. 34(6), 15331544 (2016). 4. S. Rajbhandari, J. J. D. Mckendry, J. Herrnsdorf, H. Chun, G. Faulkner, H. Haas, I. M. Watson, D. O. Brien, and M. D. Dawson, A review of Gallium Nitride LEDs for multi-gigabit-per-second visible light data communications, Semicond. Sci. Technol. 32, 144 (2016). 5. M. S. Islim, R. X. Ferreira, X. He, E. Xie, S. Videv, S. Viola, S. Watson, N. Bamiedakis, R. V. Plenty, I. H. White, A. E. Kelly, E. Gu, H. Haas, and M. D. Dawson, Towards a 10 Gb/s orthogonal frequency division multiplexing-based visible light communication using a GaN violet micro-LED, Photonics Research 5(2), A35 A43 (2017). 6. M. F. Leitao, J. M. M. Santos, B. Guilhabert, S. Watson, A. E. Kelly, M. S. Islim, H. Haas, M. D. Dawson, and N. Laurand, Gb/s visible light communications with colloidal quantum dot color converters, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 23(5), 110 (2017). 7. H. -S. Kim, E. Brueckner, J. Song, Y. Li, S. Kim, C. Lu, J. Sulkin, K. Choquette, Y. Huang, R. G. Nuzzo, and J. A. Rogers, Unusual strategies for using indium gallium nitride grown on silicon (111) for solid-state lighting, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108(25), 1007210077 (2011). 8. T. Kim, K. Cho, E. K. Lee, S. J. Lee, J. Chae, J. W. Kim, D. H. Kim, J. Kwon, G. Amaratunga, S. Y. Lee, B. L. Choi, Y. Kuk, J. M. Kim, and K. Kim, Full-color quantum dot displays fabricated by transfer printing, Nat. Photonics 5(3), 176182 (2011). 9. J. Justice, C. Bower, M. Meitl, M. B. Mooney, M. A. Gubbins, and B. Corbett, Wafer-scale integration of group IIIV lasers on silicon using transfer printing of epitaxial layers, Nat. Photonics 6(9), 612616 (2012). 10. A. De Groote, P. Cardile, A. Z. Subramanian, A. M. Fecioru, C. Bower, D. Delbeke, R. Baets, and G. Roelkens, Transfer-printing-based integration of single-mode waveguide-coupled III-V-on-silicon broadband light emitters, Opt. Express 24(13), 1375413762 (2016). 11. D. Kang, B. Gai, B. Thompson, S. M. Lee, N. Malmstadt, and J. Yoon, Flexible Opto-Fluidic Fluorescence Sensors Based on Heterogeneously Integrated Micro-VCSELs and Silicon Photodiodes, ACS Photonics 3(6), 912918 (2016). Vol. 25, No. 16 | 7 Aug 2017 | OPTICS EXPRESS 19179 #300911 https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.25. 019179 Journal © 2017 Received 26 Jun 2017; revised 26 Jul 2017; accepted 27 Jul 2017; published 31 Jul 2017 12. B. Guilhabert, A. Hurtado, D. Jevtics, Q. Gao, H. H. Tan, C. Jagadish, and M. D. Dawson, Transfer printing of semiconductor nanowires with lasing emission for controllable nanophotonic device fabrication, ACS Nano 10(4), 39513958 (2016). 13. A. J. Trindade, B. Guilhabert, D. Massoubre, D. Zhu, N. Laurand, E. Gu, I. M. Watson, C. J. Humphreys, and M. D. Dawson, Nanoscale-accuracy transfer printing of ultra-thin AlInGaN light-emitting diodes onto mechanically flexible substrates, Appl. Phys. Lett. 103(25), 253302 (2013). 14. A. J. Trindade, B. Guilhabert, E. Y. Xie, R. Ferreira, J. J. D. McKendry, D. Zhu, N. Laurand, E. Gu, D. J. Wallis, I. M. Watson, C. J. Humphreys, and M. D. Dawson, Heterogeneous integration of gallium nitride light-emitting diodes on diamond and silica by transfer printing, Opt. Express 23(7), 93299338 (2015). 15. Z. L. Liau, Semiconductor wafer bonding via liquid capillarity, Appl. Phys. Lett. 77(5), 651653 (2000). 16. B. Guilhabert, C. Foucher, A. -M. Haughey, E. Mutlugun, Y. Gao, J. Herrnsdorf, H. D. Sun, H. V. Demir, M. D. Dawson, and N. Laurand, Nanosecond colloidal quantum dot lasers for sensing, Opt. Express 22(6), 7308 7319 (2014).