Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GROWTH ASSESSMENT OF SPINY LOBSTER (PANULIRUS HOMARUS) UNDER OPEN SEA CAGE CULTURE IN THARUVAIKULAM OF TAMIL NADU COAST, SOUTH INDIA

Lobster culture is getting increasing attention for live lobsters and lobster tails in the internal and export market. Spiny lobster catches fluctuating widely and the quantity landed are insufficient to meet the requirements. Growing lobsters in captivity is one of the strategies to cope with the increasing demand. Growth pattern of various species of spiny lobsters under captive conditions have been well reported (Radhakrishnan and Vijayakumaran, 1984; 1987). Lobsters are high valued marine crustaceans and they have a commanding market value in both international and domestic markets especially in south-east Asian countries (Vijayakumaran and Radhakrishnan, 1997). Several essential requirements for the commercial farming of aquatic organisms are required (Codd, 1976). Tropical spiny lobsters have characteristics such as adaptable to captive conditions, less cannibalistic and relatively faster growth in sub-tropical and temperate regions, which make them suitable for aquaculture (Philipps et al., 1977). In view of these facts, any realistic approach towards spiny lobster culture from wild to commercial sizes. Presently, about 1539 t of lobsters are being commercially exploited annually from the Indian EEZ and continuation of indiscriminate exploitation of this resource can lead to severe setback on the fishery (CMFRI, 2008). Realizing the importance of aquaculture, significant advances were made in lobster culture in countries viz., Vietnam, Taiwan, Singapore and New Zealand. In India, except for some studies conducted by Vijayakumaran et al. (2009) on Panulirus homarus and Panulirus ornatus and in few centres such as Bhavanagar in Gujarat on Panulirus polyphagus (Suseelan et al., 1992), proper attention has not been given for growing to marketable size. Experimental culture of spiny lobsters in tanks has also proved their hardiness and high growth rate (Radhakrishnan and Vijayakumaran, 1984; 1987) although aggression and cannibalism were observed under high stocking density (Van Olst et al., 1980). Growth response of P. homarus in cage culture was studied by Srikrishnadhas et al. (1983). Kaleemur et al. (1997) studied growth patterns of different size groups of P. homarus in captive conditions. Illustrated accounts on cultivable species of Indian lobsters including their distribution, biology and prospects for culture using naturally available baby lobsters in cages and trays were reported by Suseelan et al. (1992) and Radhakrishnan (1994; 2004). Syda Rao et al. (2010) conducted an experiment on culture of juvenile’s spiny lobsters in land-based FRP tanks and in floating cage at Vizhinjam Bay. With this consideration, growth of spiny lobster in floating FRP cages at Tharuvaikulam coast of Tamil Nadu was conducted.
Metformin use is associated with a lower risk of inflammatory bowel disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

AIM To compare the risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) between ever users and never users of metformin. METHODS Patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus from 1999 to 2005 were enrolled from Taiwan's National Health Insurance. A total of 340,211 ever users and 24,478 never users who were free from IBD on January 1, 2006 were followed up until December 31, 2011. Hazard ratios were estimated by Cox regression incorporated with the inverse probability of treatment weighting using propensity score. RESULTS New-onset IBD was diagnosed in 6466 ever users and 750 never users. The respective incidence rates were 412.0 and 741.3 per 100,000 person-years and the hazard ratio for ever versus never users was 0.55 (95% confidence interval: 0.51-0.60). A dose-response pattern was observed while comparing the tertiles of cumulative duration of metformin therapy to never users. The respective hazard ratios for the first (< 26.0 months), second (26.0-58.3 months) and third (> 58.3 months) tertiles were 1.00 (0.93-1.09), 0.57 (0.52-0.62) and 0.24 (0.22-0.26). While patients treated with oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) without metformin were treated as a referent group, the hazard ratios for patients treated with OADs with metformin, with insulin without metformin (with/without other OADs) and with insulin and metformin (with/without other OADs) were 0.52 (0.42-0.66), 0.95 (0.76-1.20) and 0.50 (0.40-0.62), respectively. CONCLUSION A reduced risk of IBD is consistently observed in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who have been treated with metformin.
Gene Action for Determining Yield and Quality Attributing Traits in Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)

1 Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi-221305, Uttar Pradesh, India 2 Department of Vegetable Science, 3 Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, 4 Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat-791102, Arunachal Pradesh, India 5 College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat-791102, Arunachal Pradesh, India *Corresponding author
Golden Pigment Curcumin: An Inspiring Antiviral Molecular Model for COVID-19 Drug Design

COVID-19 caused by a new type of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) originated in China has speedily become a frightening pandemic all over the world Despite of intense efforts relevant to experimental and clinical studies since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, no disease-specific drug or vaccine is available, yet Several treatment strategies including already known antiviral drugs, interpherons, interleukin inhibitors, and other drugs acting through different mechanims are being implemented in COVID-19 patients On the other hand, natural products especially pythocompounds have been proven to be lead molecules for drug design and development research Among them, curcumin as the main constituent of Curcuma longa L (turmeric), is the reputed compound displaying remarkable biological activities for human health It has been shown to have a inhibiting effect against a wide range of viruses such as HCV, HIV, PEDV, HSV, Ebola, dengue, influenza, Zika, SARS-CoV, etc Therefore, curcumin could be considered as a structural model for designing new molecules against COVID-19 In the present review, antiviral activity of curcumin is scrutinized thorugh the literature data relevant to its enzyme and receptor interactions, in vitro, in vivo, in silico, and cell-based assays
Geopolitics of geographical urbanonyms: evidence from Ukrainian cities

This article focuses on geographical urbanonyms in Ukraine – names of streets, squares, lanes, etc. that refer to the names of other geographical objects like cities, regions, countries, or continents. It shows the role of geographical urbanonyms as a powerful instrument used by political regimes to shape political identity by constructing and legitimizing borders between “us” and “them” at different spatial scales. The analysis revealed a significantly higher presence of geographical urbanonyms in Ukraine compared to former state socialist countries in Central Europe. The widespread presence of street names related to the former USSR proves the absence of post-Soviet decolonization in semiotic space, going beyond the pure decommunization, in the majority of Ukrainian cities since 1991. Regional differences in the dynamics, distribution and structure of geographical urbanonyms in Ukraine are explained by the historical, cultural and (geo)political divisions.
COVİD-19 ve Aşı Haberlerinin Borsa İstanbul Sektör Endekslerine Etkisi: Bir Olay Etüdü Analizi

Çin'de ortaya çıkan ve hızla dünyaya yayılan korona virüs (Covid-19) ve bu virüse yönelik geliştirilen aşı haberleri birçok ülke ve sermaye piyasası ile birlikte Borsa Ístanbul sektör endekslerini de etkilemiştir. Bu çalışmada, Dünya Saǧlık Örgütü (DSÖ)'nün pandemi ilanı ve Türkiye'de ilk vaka, Türkiye'de ilk ölüm ve Türkiye'ye ilk aşı geliş haberlerinin Borsa Ístanbul sektör endeksleri üzerindeki etkisi günlük veriler kullanılarak olay etüdü yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. Analiz sonucunda ilk olay günü ve ikinci olay gününün sektörler üzerinde çoǧunlukla anormal kayıplara, üçüncü olay gününün ise sektörler üzerinde pozitif anormal getirilere neden olduǧu tespit edilmiştir. Haberler neticesinde en çok anormal getiri ve kayıpların yaşandıǧı sektörün turizm olduǧu belirlenmiştir. Alternate :The coronavirus (Covid-19) originated from China. It spread across the globe, and the news regarding the development of various vaccines has affected the economies of numerous countries and capital markets alongside the BIST industrial indexes. This study investigates how the declaration of the pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO), the news of the first case of the virus, the first death caused by the virus and the first shipment of the vaccine for the virus impacted the BIST industrial indexes by way of using daily data and constructing a case study. According to the results obtained from the analysis, it was detected that the first event day and the second event day caused mostly abnormal losses on the sectors, and the third event day caused positive abnormal returns on the sectors. As a result of the news, it has been determined that the sector with the most abnormal returns and losses is tourism.
Use of complementary and alternative medicine among adult with epilepsy - experiences from a single epilepsy center in Malaysia

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) usage were reported in Europe, the United States of America and monoethnic Asian countries such as Korea and Taiwan. However, limited literature is available on the variability of CAM usage patterns among people with epilepsy (PWE) in a multi-racial country in particular Malaysia. This cross-sectional study assessed the prevalence, types, predictors and impact of CAM use among adult PWE and their adherence to anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) treatment.140 patients were recruited, with a median age of 37.5 (IQR,28.0-51.5) years, majority female, had secondary or lower education level, earn <USD1077 and seizure frequency of <1 per month. One quarter (25.7%) used CAM for seizure control, of which 94.4% adhered to AEDs treatment while on CAM. Common CAM used were prayers, traditional herbal remedies, massage, and acupuncture. Only 33.3% have discussed CAM usage with their physician. The main reason for CAM usage was patients’ willingness to try other alternatives for seizure control. Although most patients had not used CAM, 20.2% were receptive to using CAM as concomitant treatment. Buddhists were more open to CAM while Muslims uses CAM selectively and avoid amulets, acupuncture, chiropractic, Ayurveda, yoga, and reiki. Logistic regression analysis showed Buddhist’s religion (OR,11.01), Muslims (OR,4.04), ≥1 seizure per month (OR,3.85) and monthly income of ≥USD1077 (OR,2.92) as the predictors for CMA usage. CAM use is common in Malaysia, especially among Buddhists and Muslims, with higher socio-economic status, and uncontrolled seizures. CAM is mostly used to complement but not in replacement of AEDs.
Pride and prejudice: Chinese citizens’ evaluations of democracy in the United States, India and Taiwan

How citizens in authoritarian regimes evaluate the practice of democracy in both new and established democracies has important implications on the prospect of democratisation in their own country. As an authoritarian country with the largest population around the world, China has resisted waves of democratisation and maintains the one-party rule. This study examined the Chinese case and explored how Chinese citizens evaluated democracy in the United States, India and Taiwan. It theorised that the tendency towards ingroup favouritism and attitudes towards democracy are the factors that primarily influence citizens’ evaluations of democracy in other countries. The results show that Chinese citizens perceive the democratic level of China as being as high as that of the United States and Taiwan, whereas they gave lower evaluations in the case of India’s democracy. The effects of the aforementioned factors varied between the three countries. After presenting the findings, the theoretical implications are also discussed.
Descriptive Study of Gender Dysphoria and Sexual Behavior in a Disorder of Sex Development Group

Disorder of Sex Development (DSD) refers to a heterogeneous group of congenital conditions in which chromosomal, gonadal, and anatomical sex are atypical. Typically, the diagnosis is made at birth or infancy and interventional actions are necessary in many cases. The repercussions in adult life, more specifically in the field of sexuality, have not been not widely studied yet. This study shows research data that seek to identify in a group of individuals with DSD (XX DSD, XY DSD, Chromosomal DSD), who are being monitored in the departments of pediatric surgery and urology of a hospital in the period from 2000 to 2019, and to verify the consequences on sex life after puberty. The sample has 16 participants (7 XY DSD, 4 XX DSD, and 5 Chromosomal DSD), aged between 16 and 50 years, single, with high school education, residents of the state capital and countryside of the state. The results depict the presence of a case of Gender Dysphoria; postponement of sexual debut for almost 3 years compared to the national average; a single sexual relationship for those who have already had a sexual experience with penetration; penis size below the general population average; presence of masturbatory activity in most participants. The presence of sexual attraction and masturbation indicate sexual desire. The group has a late onset of sexual life (almost 3 years after the national average). A recurrent feature in this group is that, even having already performed a penetrative sexual act, there is no continuation in their sexual life. The main noticeable aspect about Gender Dysphoria is the presence of only one case of incongruence in the Chromosomal DSD group. The limited sample prevents us from sufficient statements for generalization.
Lessons Learned with a Triad of Stakeholder Advisory Boards: Working with Adolescents, Mothers, and Clinicians to Design the TRUST Study

Optimal care for pediatric and adolescent patients is carried out under a triadic engagement model, whereby the patient, caregiver, and clinician work in collaboration. Seeking input from all triad members in the development and implementation of clinical trials and interventions may improve health outcomes for children and adolescents. Sufficient evidence demonstrating how to effectively engage stakeholders from all branches of this triadic model is lacking. We address this gap by describing the successes and challenges our team has encountered while convening advisory groups with adolescent patients, parent stakeholders, and their clinicians to assist in the development and deployment of a technology-based intervention to promote the utilization of sexual and reproductive health services by increasing adolescent–clinician alone-time. Each stakeholder group contributed in unique and complementary ways. Working with advisors, our team aligned the priorities of each group with the goals of the research team. The results were improvements made in the content, design, and delivery of the TRUST intervention. While we were largely successful in the recruitment and engagement of adolescent patients and clinicians, we had less success with parents. Future research will need to explore additional strategies for recruitment and engagement of parents, particularly in rural, minority, and underserved communities.
Studying the impact of COVID-19 on the European Air Transportation Network

The European Air Transportation Network was significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in an unprecedented loss of flight connections. Utilizing a combination of graph representation learning and time series analysis, this paper studies the evolution of both the global connectivity as well as the structure of the European Air Transportation Network from January 2020 to December 2022. Specifically, it finds strong differences in recovery rates for flights across six different market segments. In terms of network structure, the study finds that structural roles that are present in the pre-covid network have seen a loss in performance over the course of the pandemic, but have recovered to pre-covid levels. Using regional changes in structural roles, this study identifies Italy as the region with the strongest increase and the United Kingdom as the region with the strongest decrease in structural role, finding substantial differences in recovery rates per market segment. Lastly, this study pays special attention on the effect of the Russia-Ukrainian war on the European Air Transportation Network.
A Data-driven Understanding of Left-Wing Extremists on Social Media

Social media's role in the spread and evolution of extremism is a focus of intense study. Online extremists have been involved in the spread of online hate, mis/disinformation, and real-world violence. However, the overwhelming majority of existing work has focused on right-wing extremism. In this paper, we perform a first of its kind large-scale, data-driven study exploring left-wing extremism. We focus on"tankies,"a left-wing community that first arose in the 1950s in support of hardline actions of the USSR and has evolved to support what they call"actually existing socialist countries,"e.g., CCP run China, the USSR, former soviet countries, and North Korea. We collect 1.3M posts from 53K authors from tankies subreddits, and explore the position of tankies within the broader far-left community on Reddit. Among other things, we find that tankies are clearly on the periphery of the larger far-left community. When examining the contents of posts, we find misalignments and conceptual homomorphisms that confirm the description of tankies in the theoretical work. We also discover that tankies focus more on state-level political events rather than social issues in comparison to other far-left communities. Finally, we show that tankies exhibit some of the same worrying behaviors as right-wing extremists, e.g., relatively high toxicity and an organized response to deplatforming events.
Ecohydrological influences of biocrusts and their pathways in a desert steppe ecosystem

Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) are a prevalent form of organic cover in drylands across the world, and they play a crucial role in shaping the ecohydrological processes and functioning of dryland ecosystems. However, in desert steppe ecosystems, the ecohydrological influences of biocrusts and their pathways have not yet been thoroughly understood. Here, we examined the influences of three types of biocrusts (cyanobacterial, cyanobacterial‐moss mixed, and moss biocrusts) on soil water retention and infiltration in a typical desert steppe of northwestern China, and we also analysed the possible pathways through which biocrusts affect them. Accordingly, the field capacity (θf, indicating soil water‐holding capacity) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks, indicating soil infiltrability) of each biocrust‐covered soil and bare soil were measured both at 0–5 and 5–10 cm depths, on Arenosols (loamy sand texture) and Calcisols (silty loamy texture), respectively. Our results showed that the presence of biocrusts increased surface soil (0–5 cm) water‐holding capacity while decreased soil infiltrability, creating a remarkable impact on soil water retention and infiltration. As compared to bare soil, the θf of cyanobacterial, cyanobacterial‐moss mixed, and moss biocrusts were increased by 16.5%, 21.4%, and 21.7% on Arenosols and by 9.6%, 18.9%, and 22.8% on Calcisols, while their Ks were reduced by 43.2%, 56.2%, and 38.2% on Arenosols, and by 49.0%, 68.7%, and 36.0% on Calcisols, respectively. The development of biocrusts on sandy textured soil had a more pronounced impact on both soil water retention and infiltration than loamy textured soil. We found that biocrusts mainly changed soil water retention and infiltration by increasing the contents of clay and organic matter. More specifically, the increase in clay content led to a more significant effect compared to the increase in organic matter content on Arenosols, while the opposite influence was observed on Calcisols. Among the three types of biocrusts, the soil infiltrability of the mixed biocrusts was the lowest, perhaps due to the interaction between the accumulation of clay particles by moss and the secretion of extracellular polymeric substances by cyanobacteria. Our study highlights the remarkable ecohydrological impacts of biocrusts on desert steppe ecosystems, and the results imply that it is of great necessary to integrate biocrusts and their influences into our understanding of ecohydrological processes in global drylands.
Examining the Oral Preference on Hedonic Likings and Its Impacts on Sales and Pricing of Different Bamboo Shoots and Their Processed Forms in Arunachal Pradesh, India

An investigation was made to understand the relationship between the sensory perception of residents of Arunachal Pradesh and their preference for bamboo shoots from the following species: Bambusa balcooa Roxb. , Bambusa pallida Munro, Bambusa tulda Roxb. , B. vulgaris Schrad. Ex J.C. Wendl, Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro, Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Nees & Arn. ex Munro, and Phyllostachys bambusoides Siebold and Zucc. , and their processed products namely Hidung, Eup and Ekung. Interviews were conducted among 250 participants who were given the freedom of choice to rate hedonic likings on Taste, Flavour and Texture. On this basis, an assessment was also carried out to establish the observed preferences and their influence on sales and prices of the food from the period of 2011-12, 2012-13 and 2013-14. The strongest association, which affects the price and volume of sales of bamboo shoots as well as the processed forms, was found to be related in order of texture, followed by taste and flavour.
FORECASTING UKRAINE'S EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT UNDER UNCERTAINTY CONDITIONS

Forecasting external public debt under conditions of uncertainty is important as it allows the country to respond adequately to economic and financial challenges, promotes efficient management of financial resources, formation of a stable financial policy and ensures the country's external debt security, which are critical elements for ensuring economic sustainability and sustainable development. The article's main purpose is to critically analyze and apply existing time-series forecasting methodologies to determine the future values of Ukraine's external public debt in conditions of uncertainty caused by the still unresolved consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and russia's invasion and full-scale war in Ukraine. Using three forecasting methods, namely trendline extrapolation, exponential smoothing, and autoregressive and moving average models, the paper forecasts the volume of external public debt until 2029 and presents a graphical representation of the debt dynamics from 2011 to 2029. The most pessimistic forecast for the growth of external public debt was revealed when applying the method of data extrapolation based on the trendline. A comparative analysis of the forecast values for the three forecasting methods has revealed common trends in the growth of public debt, as well as the key advantages and disadvantages inherent in each model. Importantly, the article emphasizes the common risks identified in forecasting Ukraine's external debt using time series analysis models, including the problem of achieving only short-term forecasting accuracy and insufficient flexibility taking into account complex and unexpected changes that may arise in conditions of uncertainty and economic instability. The results of the study provide valuable information for policymakers and stakeholders trying to navigate the complexities of managing external public debt under uncertainty.