Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Kustannusvaikuttavuuden kynnysarvo terveydenhuoltoa koskevassa päätöksenteossa

Puheenvuorossa arvioidaan kustannus-vaikuttavuusanalyysin tulosten tulkintaan tarvittavan mak suhalukkuuden kynnysarvon käyttöä terveydenhuollon päätöksenteossa. Tuomme esiin nä kökulmia siitä, minkälaiseen päätöksentekoon kynnysarvoa on käytetty ja miten kynnysarvoa on eri näkökulmista ja menetelmin arvioitu. Yhdistämme kustannusvaikuttavuuden kynnysarvon Suomessa käytävään priorisointikeskusteluun.
Biomaterials used for tissue engineering of barrier-forming cell monolayers in the eye

Cell monolayers that form a barrier between two structures play an important role for the maintenance of tissue functionality. In the anterior portion of the eye, the corneal endothelium forms a barrier that controls fluid exchange between the aqueous humor of the anterior chamber and the corneal stroma. This monolayer is central in the pathogenesis of Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD). FECD is a common corneal disease, in which corneal endothelial cells deposit extracellular matrix that increases the thickness of its basal membrane (Descemet’s membrane), and forms excrescences (guttae). With time, there is a decrease in endothelial cell density that generates vision loss. Transplantation of a monolayer of healthy corneal endothelial cells on a Descemet membrane substitute could become an interesting alternative for the treatment of this pathology. In the back of the eye, the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) forms the blood-retinal barrier, controlling fluid exchange between the choriocapillaris and the photoreceptors of the outer retina. In the retinal disease dry age-related macular degeneration (dry AMD), deposits (drusen) form between the RPE and its basal membrane (Bruch’s membrane). These deposits hinder fluid exchange, resulting in progressive RPE cell death, which in turn generates photoreceptor cell death, and vision loss. Transplantation of a RPE monolayer on a Bruch’s membrane/choroidal stromal substitute to replace the RPE before photoreceptor cell death could become a treatment alternative for this eye disease. This review will present the different biomaterials that are proposed for the engineering of a monolayer of corneal endothelium for the treatment of FECD, and a RPE monolayer for the treatment of dry AMD.
Numerical study on multi‐scaling earthquake rupture

A new numerical scheme using a renormalization and a 3D boundary integral equation method is proposed to simulate a multi‐scaling dynamic rupture of earthquakes: How a small earthquake grows up to a large one in spatially heterogeneous field of critical slip‐weakening distance Dc (fracture energy Gc)? We examine the case where Dc grows according to a hypocentral distance L (Dc ∝ Lβ). When β = 1, we succeed to show numerically that a rupture propagates at a constant rupture speed in uniform initial stress field. This result still keeps the scaling relation of Gc and Dc inferred for earthquake size, however no scale‐dependent initial process is required. The break of the proportional relation changes rupture speed as well as slip velocity to keep the energy balance. The rupture is accelerated up to a speed even faster than the shear wave velocity (β < 1) or naturally arrested (β > 1).
Tropical transport and the seasonal variability of the subtropical "edges" in the stratosphere

[1] It is well-established that the air in the tropical stratosphere remains somewhat isolated from that in the midlatitudes over relatively long time scales. We examine the seasonal and interannual variability of the subtropical tracer gradients that mark the boundaries between tropical and extratropical air. We use probability distribution functions (PDFs) of satellite measurements of long-lived tracers to identify the air in the transition region between the tropics and the extratropics in each hemisphere. This region is commonly called the subtropical “edge” region, and it appears as a valley in the tracer PDF. We provide a method to identify a single characteristic latitude for these edge regions as well as, when possible, their areal extent. We identify the subtropical edges in more than six years of measurements at eight pressure levels on quasi-monthly time scales. We correlate the variability of the subtropical edges with variability in several transport parameters and thus shed light on the mechanisms of tropical isolation from a diagnostic standpoint. We also discuss the implications of our results in terms of large-scale tracer transport in the context of simple models of tracer budgets.
Burma plate motion

[1] Plate motion in the Indo-Burmese Arc-Andaman-Sumatra region of Burma plate is poorly resolved. This is mainly due to lack of relevant data and complex tectonics of the region. We analyze (1) azimuths of coseismic displacements due to the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman and 2005 Nias earthquakes; (2) estimates of interseismic deformation in the Indo-Burmese Arc, Andaman, Sumatra, and Sagaing Fault regions (all based on GPS measurements); (3) long-term plate motion rates across Sumatra Fault System, Sagaing Fault, and Andaman Sea from geomorphological and other geophysical studies, and (4) the earthquake focal mechanisms in the region. We suggest that the SSW motion of Sunda plate with respect to Indian plate may be partitioned into the dextral strike-slip motion across the Sagaing Fault in the north and Sumatra Fault System in south in the back-arc region, and the arc-normal motion across the Sumatra subduction zone, which becomes oblique in Andaman and southern Indo-Burmese Arc region and dextral in the northern Indo-Burmese Arc region of the fore arc. Under the rigid plate approximation, we estimate a pole for India-Burma plate pair at 27 ± 1°N, 82 ± 1.1°E with an angular velocity of 0.845 ± 0.12°/Ma and for Burma-Sunda at 22.3 ± 1.1°N, 109.3 ± 2.5°E with an angular velocity of 0.67 ± 0.12°/Ma. Thus the plate motion in the northern and southern regions of Burma plate, namely, the Indo-Burmese Arc and Andaman-Sumatra Arc, may be explained by a single pole and does not require a boundary between the two.
FieldPrism: A system for creating snapshot vouchers from field images using photogrammetric markers and QR codes

Abstract Premise Field images are important sources of information for research in the natural sciences. However, images that lack photogrammetric scale bars, including most iNaturalist observations, cannot yield accurate trait measurements. We introduce FieldPrism, a novel system of photogrammetric markers, QR codes, and software to automate the curation of snapshot vouchers. Methods and Results Our photogrammetric background templates (FieldSheets) increase the utility of field images by providing machine‐readable scale bars and photogrammetric reference points to automatically correct image distortion and calculate a pixel‐to‐metric conversion ratio. Users can generate a QR code flipbook derived from a specimen identifier naming hierarchy, enabling machine‐readable specimen identification for automatic file renaming. We also developed FieldStation, a Raspberry Pi–based mobile imaging apparatus that records images, GPS location, and metadata redundantly on up to four USB storage devices and can be monitored and controlled from any Wi‐Fi connected device. Conclusions FieldPrism is a flexible software tool designed to standardize and improve the utility of images captured in the field. When paired with the optional FieldStation, researchers can create a self‐contained mobile imaging apparatus for quantitative trait data collection.
Conversion in Land-Use Alter Soil Physiochemical Properties in the Highland of Western Ethiopia

: Information on the effects of various land-use types on selected soil physicochemical properties is critical for the sustainable use of soil resources. As a result, this study was carried out to assess the Conversion in Land-Use Alter Soil Physiochemical Properties in the Highland of Western Ethiopia. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of different land use types and soil depth on soil's physical and chemical properties. A total of 45 composite soil samples were collected from forest, grass, eucalyptus plantation, cultivate and grazing lands using three soil depths (0-15cm, 15-30 and 30-45 cm) and three replications. Analysis of variance was used to test the mean differences in soil physicochemical properties. Sand and clay mean values were highest in grazing and forest, respectively. The mean bulk density of the soils ranged between 1.10 and 1.61gcm -3 , and the mean total porosity ranged between 39.37 and 58.49%, indicating lower soil compaction. The mean field capacity ranged from 34.21 to 42.93% whereas the permanent wilting point ranged from 19.79 to 27.87% and the mean water holding capacity ranged between 14.07 and 16.21%. The mean pH ranged from 4.92 to 5.55, with mean OM values ranging from 0.64 to 5.91% while the mean values of total N ranged from 0.04 to 0.31%. The mean value of available P ranged from 2.10 to 7.26mg kg -1 . Conversion of land use types harms soil properties, particularly overgrazing, eucalyptus plantation and cultivation of deforested land. Therefore, the deteriorated physiochemical properties of the soils should be amended with application different source of nutrients and sustainable management practices.
Real-time 3D image fusion based on wavelet transform in microscope auto-focusing system

With the limitation of the depth of focus in microscope, especially in high-power objectives, different areas in the field of view have different focal planes and therefore only sharp focused images in a small part of the view can be obtained. A three-dimension micro-image fusion algorithm is introduced based on wavelet transform (WT) in microscope auto-focusing system. The step motor is driven continuously moving across the vicinity of the focal plane to obtain the micro image information of the relevant position. With real-time multi-focused images acquired and saved, the image fusion algorithm is applied to finally get a complete and sharp three-dimension image. This can be used to extend the depth of focus in microscope and in three-dimension reconstruction in biologic slice, rock specimen, and so on. The particularity brought by the image fusion of a real-time system is mainly studied as well as the algorithm based on this condition. Here we emphasize the multi-focus fusion algorithm based on WT. Images acquired from the digital camera are transformed from spatial domain to wavelet domain. All the details from different images are extracted and processed from the wavelet coefficients and then are recombined to form the new coefficient of the resulting image. By taking an inverse WT, we finally get the final three-dimension image. This system has two main advantages: real-time processing and accurate fusion result.
Regulating the regulatory T cells as cell therapies in autoimmunity and cancer

Regulatory T cells (Tregs), possess a pivotal function in the maintenance of immune homeostasis. The dysregulated activity of Tregs has been associated with the onset of autoimmune diseases and cancer. Hence, Tregs are promising targets for interventions aimed at steering the immune response toward the desired path, either by augmenting the immune system to eliminate infected and cancerous cells or by dampening it to curtail the damage to self-tissues in autoimmune disorders. The activation of Tregs has been observed to have a potent immunosuppressive effect against T cells that respond to self-antigens, thus safeguarding our body against autoimmunity. Therefore, promoting Treg cell stability presents a promising strategy for preventing or managing chronic inflammation that results from various autoimmune diseases. On the other hand, Tregs have been found to be overactivated in several forms of cancer, and their role as immune response regulators with immunosuppressive properties poses a significant impediment to the successful implementation of cancer immunotherapy. However, the targeting of Tregs in a systemic manner may lead to the onset of severe inflammation and autoimmune toxicity. It is imperative to develop more selective methods for targeting the function of Tregs in tumors. In this review, our objective is to elucidate the function of Tregs in tumors and autoimmunity while also delving into numerous therapeutic strategies for reprogramming their function. Our focus is on reprogramming Tregs in a highly activated phenotype driven by the activation of key surface receptors and metabolic reprogramming. Furthermore, we examine Treg-based therapies in autoimmunity, with a specific emphasis on Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-Treg therapy and T-cell receptor (TCR)-Treg therapy. Finally, we discuss key challenges and the future steps in reprogramming Tregs that could lead to the development of novel and effective cancer immunotherapies.
Discordant biochemical parameters of acromegaly remission do not influence the prevalence or aggressiveness of metabolic comorbidities: a single-center study

Purpose The discrepancy between the biomarkers of disease’s activity in acromegalic patients (GH and IGF-1) is almost frequent representing a challenge for the development of comorbidities in the long term. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and severity of metabolic comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia) in surgically treated acromegalic patients with disease control and discordant GH and/or IGF-1 levels compared with those with concordant values. Patients and methods Retrospective monocentric observational study on acromegalic surgically treated patients with biochemical remission (group A) or mild discordant GH or IGF-1 levels (group B). Metabolic complications and medical therapy were assessed at diagnosis and at the last follow-up visit. Severity of the disease was set for drug titration or shift to another molecule or more than before. Results There were 18 patients that met the inclusion criteria [group A: nine patients; group B: nine patients, follow-up 7 years (IQR 5.0;11.25)]. The prevalence of female patients was significantly higher in the remission group compared with the discordant group (p < 0.02). Considering metabolic complications, at the last follow-up, 61.1% was affected by hypertension, 33.3% by diabetes, and 61.1% by dyslipidemia, without differences between groups. Drug characteristics (dose, shift, number) during the follow-up did not differ significantly between groups. Conclusion Metabolic complications, mainly dyslipidemia, are frequent in cured acromegalic patients, but GH/IGF-1 discrepancy does not seem to represent a risk factor for their presence or persistence. More extended studies are needed to confirm our results in a long-term period.
SEASONAL EFFECTS ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVELS IN ADULTS LIVING IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL

There are no consistent findings about the seasonal effects on the physical activity levels (PAL) of the population. We conducted a study aimed at evaluating seasonal effects on physical activity levels among adults living in a temperate region of Brazil. A longitudinal study was carried out in a sample of 120 adults living in Southern Brazil. Physical activity was evaluated using the leisure-time and transport-related physical activity sections of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) in two periods (summer and winter) of the year 2007. Median values of PAL (MET-min/week) were compared between the two seasons using Sign Test. McNemar Test was used for physical activity as dichotomous. Total Leisure-Time median values were higher in summer compared to winter (383.75 vs. 210 MET-min/wk, respectively; p=0.02). Overall, 37.5% of the subjects were classified as inactive during Summer compared to 49.2% during Winter (p=0.04). Subjects with 9 to 11 years of education, belonging to socioeconomic status B were more likely to decrease PAL in Winter compared to Summer. There must be planning and strategies to promote regular PA, particularly in winter.
Immunologic Implications for Stroke Recovery: Unveiling the Role of the Immune System in Pathogenesis, Neurorepair, and Rehabilitation

Stroke is a debilitating neurologic condition characterized by an interruption or complete blockage of blood flow to certain areas of the brain. While the primary injury occurs at the time of the initial ischemic event or hemorrhage, secondary injury mechanisms contribute to neuroinflammation, disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), excitotoxicity, and cerebral edema in the days and hours after stroke. Of these secondary mechanisms of injury, significant dysregulation of various immune populations within the body plays a crucial role in exacerbating brain damage after stroke. Pathological activity of glial cells, infiltrating leukocytes, and the adaptive immune system promote neuroinflammation, BBB damage, and neuronal death. Chronic immune activation can additionally encourage the development of neurologic deficits, immunosuppression, and dysregulation of the gut microbiome. As such, immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy for the clinical management of stroke in a highly patient-specific manner. These strategies include regulatory T cells (Tregs), cell adhesion molecules, cytokines, and monoclonal antibodies. However, the use of immunotherapy for stroke remains largely in the early stages, highlighting the need for continued research efforts before widespread clinical use.
Internal Structure of Open System Pingos, Adventdalen, Svalbard: The Use of Resistivity Tomography to Assess Ground-Ice Conditions

The objectives of this project were to establish the geometry and internal structure of open system pingos in Adventdalen, Svalbard using electrical resistivity tomography. A clear distinction can be made between the electrical properties of the pingos investigated, depending upon whether they are located either above (Innerhytte pingo) or below (Hytte and Longyear pingos) the maximum Holocene marine limit. The resistivity profile at Innerhytte pingo was characterised by high values of resistivity (10,000–30,000Ωcm), indicating either ice-rich frozen bedrock or a lens of massive ground ice. The electrical resistivity of Hytte and Longyear pingos, both developed within fine-grained, saline marine clays, is exceptionally low (predominantly <2,000Ωm) for permanently frozen ground. This is inconsistent with the presence of a body of massive ground ice, and suggests that the internal structures of Longyear and Hytte pingos do not follow the classic model of a plano-convex pingo-core of massive injection ice. I.
Is the Northern Bay of Bengal Tsunamigenic

The giant tsunami generated by the great 26 December 2004 Sumatra–Andaman earthquake and the resultant destruction have necessitated appropriate assessment of tsunami potential in the northern Bay of Bengal, where high population density in the coastal area (∼100 million) makes this region very vulnerable if a large tsunami were to occur. Here we examine whether the India–Burma plate boundary in the Arakan and Irrawady region can produce a tsunamigenic earthquake. We find: (a) the region is characterized by oblique plate motion leading to strike-slip dominated earthquakes with low tsunami generating potential; (b) the deformation front associated with the plate boundary between India and Sunda plates in the northern Bay of Bengal is either landward or in shallow water in the Arakan region and, hence, a great earthquake is unlikely to displace large amounts of water to create a significant tsunami; (c) convincing evidence that the 1762 Arakan earthquake generated a large tsunami is lacking; and (d) no large tsunami has affected the region in the past 2000 years. We conclude that while a great earthquake could occur in the Arakan region, the physiographic situation may not lead to generation of a large tsunami.
Los cráneos trofeo Condorhuasi-Alamito (Catamarca-Argentina) dentro del pensamiento religioso andino

In the region called «Campo del Pucara (Catamarca, Argentina)» where was located a ceremonial place which belonged to the Condorhuasi Formative culture, under the name of Condorhuasi-Alamito, sanctuary objects were manufactured and rituals were celebrated where human beings sacrifices and subsequent bodies dismembered were common practices. As a result of, each part of the body were resignified, some parts of it were buried or disposal as ceremonial trash, and others like heads received a special treatment and were transformed into «trophy heads or skulls». The way in which they were obtained, as well as the constant use of them, in time and space, where what changed was the meaning ascribed to it. Those are characteristics aspects that the NOA cultures shared with other cultures in southcentral Andean regions.
Predicting Corporate Bankruptcy in JSE-AltX Listed Firms

ABSTRACT:The objective of the study is to predict corporate bankruptcy on the JSE-AltX (Alternative Stock Exchange) listed firms by employing Discriminant Analysis (MDA). Since its inception, the JSE-AltX has listed more than 100 firms and majority of them have migrated to the JSE main board. Motivated by the increasing number of delisted firms both pre and post their migration from JSE-AltX to the JSE main board, this study seeks to investigate the financial distress in the JSE-AltX listed firms. This study use a quantitative method to predict bankruptcy for a sample of 20 JSE-AltX listed firms that belongs to a wide range of industries, over the period from 1 January 2004 until 31 December 2015. Based on the previous literature it is evident that financial ratios play a significant role in the prediction of financial distress. Employing the same set of financial ratios (extracted from annual reports mainly the audited consolidated balance sheets and income statements) that are used in bankruptcy prediction as independent variables, the empirical results show that MDA has a statistically significant power in predicting default risk on the JSE-AltX listed firms. The findings show that the discrimination function is significant at the 5% level of significance. The MDA results reveal that, 7 out of the 20 sample firms are prone to bankruptcy, while the rest are not. Furthermore, the model classifies net profit margin (short-term profitability), current ratio (liquidity) and return on capital invested as the most important financial ratios in distinguishing the successful firms from unsuccessful firms post migration from the JSE-AltX to the JSE main board. Generally, this study results have policy implications which regulatory authorities, investors, employees and lenders will find interesting. Firstly, regulatory authorities can find this research useful as it provides effective review of the firm's financial distress conditions and subsequently signals default risk to various stakeholders. Secondly, this research will not only assist in identify potential default risks, but it will also enable different stakeholders to formulate mechanisms or relevant policies and procedures that will allow them to detect and prevent financial distress.