Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mitigation of Half-Cycle Saturation of Adjacent Transformers During HVDC Monopolar Operation—Part II: Detecting Zero-Sequence Fault Currents

This two-part paper presents a method to mitigate half-cycle saturation of transformers caused by monopolar operation of neighboring HVDC transmission lines while keeping the ability to detect the zero-sequence fault currents (ZSFC) when ground faults occur. Part I of this paper has presented the mitigation principles and device design of the proposed neutral current blocking switch. In Part II, the performance of the proposed method to permit the circulation of zero-sequence current is investigated. An operation strategy is proposed that simultaneously allows the mitigation of half-cycle saturation and the detection of ZSFC. Simulations on a widely-used 500 kV system show that the proposed mitigation technique, using a sub-synchronous switching frequency (no higher than 30 Hz), can effectively mitigate the half-cycle saturation while allowing the circulation of ZSFC. The novel mitigation method exploits the characteristic differences between half-cycle saturation (dc) and asymmetric faults (ac). The method provides an implementable solution to the dc-bias phenomenon because it delivers concurrently dc-bias mitigation, minimal impact on ground fault detection, and no switching stresses on the power electronic switches. The proposed technique can also be applied to the mitigation of geomagnetically induced currents.
Distinct Mediators Transitional and Mature B Cells Through Cutting Edge: BLyS Enables Survival of

These studies characterize BLyS responsiveness and receptor expression among transitional and mature peripheral B cells. The results show a maturation-associated increase in BLyS binding capacity that reﬂects differential expression patterns of the three BLyS receptors. Accordingly, BLyS administration enlarges only late transitional and mature peripheral B (MB) cell compartments. Furthermore, bromodeoxyuridine labeling and cell cycle analyses show these effects are mediated through enhanced proportional survival of cells traversing the T2, T3, and MB cell stages, rather than by causing proliferation or slowing transit within these subsets. Despite similar effects on survival, BLyS up-regulates the antiapoptotic genes A1 and bcl-x L in MB cells but not immature B cells. Together, these ﬁndings show that, while BLyS inﬂuences B cell survival in several peripheral differentiation subsets, the downstream mediators differ, thus providing the ﬁrst direct evidence for an established B lineage survival system whose intermediates change as B cells mature. The Journal of Immunology, 2002, 168: 5993–5996.
Towards Industrial Intrusion Prevention Systems: A Concept and Implementation for Reactive Protection

System intrusions violate the security of a system. In order to maintain it, it is necessary to decrease the chances of intrusions occurring or by detecting them as soon as they ensue in order to respond to them in a timely manner. These responses are divided in two types: passive or reactive responses. Passive responses are limited to only notification and alerting; whereas, reactive responses influence the intrusion by undoing or diminishing its consequences. Unfortunately, some reactive responses may influence the underlying system where the intrusion has occurred. This is especially a concern in the field of Industrial Automation Systems, as these systems are critical and have a well-defined set of operational requirements that must be maintained. Hence, automatic reactive responses are often not considered or are limited to human intervention. This paper addresses this issue by introducing a concept for reactive protection that integrates the automatic execution of active responses that do not influence the operation of the underlying Industrial Automation System. This concept takes into consideration architectural and security trends, as well as security and operational policies of Industrial Automation Systems. It also proposes a set of reactive actions that can be taken in the presence of intrusions in order to counteract them or diminish their effects. The feasibility and applicability of the presented concept for Industrial Automation Systems is supported by the implementation and evaluation of a prototypical Reactive Protection System.
Demodulation of Angular Position and Velocity from Resolver Signals via Chebyshev Filter-Based Type III Phase Locked Loop

A high-accuracy demodulation algorithm is required to estimate angular position and angular velocity from resolver signals. In order to improve the estimation accuracy of conventional phase-locked loop (PLL) based demodulation method, a Chebyshev filter-based type III PLL method is proposed in this paper. The proposed method makes PLL become a system of type III tracking loop, which could greatly reduce the theoretical constant deviation in the estimation results of conventional type II PLL in case of variable speed. Meanwhile, the eigenvalues of type III PLL are placed to be the same position as those of a Chebyshev low-pass filter. In this way, demodulation parameters with stronger filter properties can be obtained to effectively suppress the high-frequency measurement noise in resolver signals. Thus, the proposed method can achieve higher demodulation precision compared with the conventional ones. Simulations and experiments are performed to validate the proposed demodulation method.
Effects of Variable Humidity on the Creep Behavior of Concrete and the Long-Term Deflection of RC Beams

The influences of variable humidity on the creep behaviors of concrete and the long-term deflections of RC beams are analyzed in this paper. A total of 6 prismatic specimens and 5 RC beams were subjected to sustained loads and 3 types of variable humidity conditions for 331 days. The creep strains of the prismatic specimens and the deflections of the RC beams were recorded to investigate the long-term deformation characteristics. The test results reveal that both the creep strain and the deflection of specimens under cyclic humidity conditions exhibit approximately linear tendencies that are obviously less than those of specimens exposed only to natural air. During certain wetting cycles, the deformation rate became slower and the creep strain even recovered with an increase in the humidity, especially for shorter wetting-drying cycles. Long-term deflections predicted using the CEB-FIP 90 and ACI 209R models were compared with the test results to evaluate the versatility of these current specifications. The findings included rather large errors between the predicted results and experimental data when the average relative humidity was adopted in the analytical models.
Extremal Graphs for a Spectral Inequality on Edge-Disjoint Spanning Trees

Liu, Hong, Gu, and Lai proved if the second largest eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix of graph G with minimum degree δ > 2m + 2 > 4 satisfies λ2(G) < δ − 2m+1 δ+1 , then G contains at least m + 1 edge-disjoint spanning trees, which verified a generalization of a conjecture by Cioabă and Wong. We show this bound is essentially the best possible by constructing d-regular graphs Gm,d for all d > 2m+ 2 > 4 with at most m edge-disjoint spanning trees and λ2(Gm,d) < d− 2m+1 d+3 . As a corollary, we show that a spectral inequality on graph rigidity by Cioabă, Dewar, and Gu is essentially tight. Mathematics Subject Classifications: 05C50, 05C35 ∗denotes joint first authorship the electronic journal of combinatorics 29(2) (2022), #P2.56 https://doi.org/10.37236/10350
RF Precoding for Cognitive Radio Systems

In this letter, a precoding framework in the radio-frequency (RF) domain is developed for the downlink of a multiuser multiple-input single-output underlay cognitive radio (CR) system. Firstly, a low hardware complexity analog multiantenna architecture is proposed for the system’s transmitter. The proposed analog architecture is based on a phase-shifting network driven by an variable gain amplifier and has low power consumption since it avoids the use of energy hungry components such as digital-to-analog converters (DACs). Secondly, a novel RF precoder for the design of the transmit signals is developed such that the performance of the CR system is optimized and the constraints related to both the system’s architecture and the employed underlay CR paradigm are satisfied. The corresponding nonconvex and difficult optimization problem is formulated and solved via a novel algorithmic solution based on the saddle point method. The convergence of the proposed algorithmic solution is theoretically studied. The proposed approach is shown to be much more energy efficient than existing approaches based on fully digital transceivers.
Automatic pavement crack detection using multimodal features fusion deep neural network

ABSTRACT The existing pavement crack detection algorithms are all dealing with detection and segmentation separately, ignoring the feature correlation between the bounding box coordinates and mask information, and there are still problems such as low crack detection accuracy, incomplete detection, and segmentation fracture in practical application. In view of the above situation, this paper took the detection bounding box coordinates and mask information as multimodal features of the same pavement crack area, and proposed a One-Stage MFFNet (Multimodal Feature Fusion Network), which improved the pavement crack detection accuracy and segmentation integrity obviously. And experimental results of different models were compared on self-collected datasets and two public datasets (CFD and CRACK500) respectively. Compared with Mask R-CNN, the average detection accuracy and average segmentation accuracy were improved by 2.6% and 4.7%, respectively. Compared with the optimised model of RDSNet, the detection accuracy and processing speed were improved by 1.8% and 2FPS, respectively. In addition, MFFNet had significantly improved the integrity of pavement crack segmentation results. The results showed that the proposed MFFNet model achieved the best detection and segmentation accuracy, and was an effective and high-precision pavement crack detection model.
A Narrative Review on the Collection and Use of Electronic Patient-Reported Outcomes in Cancer Survivorship Care with Emphasis on Symptom Monitoring

Electronic patient-reported outcome (ePRO) applications promise great added value for improving symptom management and health-related quality of life. The aim of this narrative review is to describe the collection and use of ePROs for cancer survivorship care, with an emphasis on ePRO-symptom monitoring. It offers many different perspectives from research settings, while current implementation in routine care is ongoing. ePRO collection optimizes survivorship care by providing insight into the patients’ well-being and prioritizing their unmet needs during the whole trajectory from diagnosis to end-of-life. ePRO-symptom monitoring can contribute to timely health risk detection and subsequently allow earlier intervention. Detection is optimized by automatically generated alerts that vary from simple to complex and multilayered. Using ePRO-symptoms during in-hospital consultation enhances the patients’ conversation with the health care provider before making informed decisions about treatments, other interventions, or self-management. ePRO(-symptoms) entail specific implementation issues and complementary ethics considerations. The latter is due to privacy concerns, digital divide, and scarcity of adequately representative data for particular groups of patients.
Paedomorphosis and neurocranial ossification in two Devonian lungfishes

Lungfishes are one of the few early vertebrate clades with a rich 410-million-years-old fossil record. Lungfishes are characterized by a low evolutionary rate assumed to be associated with paedomorphosis since the Late Devonian. Lungfish paedomorphic trends include a reduction of the number of median fins, reduction of the number of cranial dermal bones, and reduction of the degree of neurocranial ossification. This neurocranial trait has evolved from heavily ossified in Devonian species to completely cartilaginous in post-Devonian species. Neurocranial conditions among derived Devonian lungfishes are needed to have a better understanding of paedomorphosis as a driving force during lungfish evolution. The neurocrania of two Devonian species, Scaumenacia curta (middle Frasnian, Escuminac Formation, eastern Canada) and Pentlandia macroptera (Givetian, Orcadian Basin, Scotland), have been micro-CT-scanned. These species were assumed to have a cartilaginous neurocranium like other “phaneropleurids” and “fleurantids”. Juvenile (or sub-adult) and adult specimens of S. curta possess cartilaginous neurocrania, whereas P. macroptera is now recognized to have a poorly ossified neurocranium. Pyrite filled neurocranial cavities preserving some endocranial structures (e.g., olfactory bulbs, semicircular canals) allow us to code for phylogenetic endocranial characters in S. curta. This unique mode of preservation suggests that occasionally pyrite is a preservative rather than a destructive diagenetic agent. In the evolutionary gap between Pentlandia and Scaumenacia, paedomorphosis had already resulted in reduction of neurocranial ossification while little changes occurred in cranial dermal bones.
Expert Multinational Consensus Statement for Total Intravenous Anaesthesia (TIVA) Using the Delphi Method

Introduction: The use of total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) has been well established as an anaesthetic technique over the last few decades. Significant variation in practice exists however, and volatile agents are still commonly used. This study aims to determine the motivations and barriers for using TIVA over the use of volatile agents by analysing the opinion of several international anaesthetists with specific expertise or interests. Methods and participants: The Delphi method was used to gain the opinions of expert panellists with a range of anaesthetic subspecialty expertise. Twenty-nine panellists were invited to complete three survey rounds containing statements regarding the use of TIVA. Anonymised data were captured through the software REDCap and analysed for consensus and prioritisation across statements. Starting with 12 statements, strong consensus was defined as ≥75% agreement. Stability was assessed between rounds. Results: Strong consensus was achieved for four statements regarding considerations for the use of TIVA. These statements addressed whether TIVA is useful in paediatric anaesthesia, the importance of TIVA in reducing the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, its positive impact on the environment and effect on patient physiology, such as airway and haemodynamic control. Conclusions: Using the Delphi method, this international consensus showed that cost, lack of familiarity or training and the risk of delayed emergence are not considered obstacles to TIVA use. It appears, instead, that the primary motivations for its adoption are the impact of TIVA on patient experience, especially in paediatrics, and the benefit to the overall procedure outcome. The effect of TIVA on postoperative nausea and vomiting and patient physiology, as well as improving its availability in paediatrics were considered as priorities. We also identified areas where the debate remains open, generating new research questions on geographical variation and the potential impact of local availability of monitoring equipment.
Post‐association barrier to host switching maintained despite strong selection in a novel mutualism

Abstract Following a host shift, repeated co‐passaging of a mutualistic pair is expected to increase fitness over time in one or both species. Without adaptation, a novel association may be evolutionarily short‐lived as it is likely to be outcompeted by native pairings. Here, we test whether experimental evolution can rescue a low‐fitness novel pairing between two sympatric species of Steinernema nematodes and their symbiotic Xenorhabdus bacteria. Despite low mean fitness in the novel association, considerable variation in nematode reproduction was observed across replicate populations. We selected the most productive infections, co‐passaging this novel mutualism nine times to determine whether selection could improve the fitness of either or both partners. We found that neither partner showed increased fitness over time. Our results suggest that the variation in association success was not heritable and that mutational input was insufficient to allow evolution to facilitate this host shift. Thus, post‐association costs of host switching may represent a formidable barrier to novel partnerships among sympatric mutualists.
Correlation Between Poor Defecation Habits and Postoperative Hemorrhoid Recurrence

Background The relationship between hemorrhoid recurrence and poor defecation habits is poorly understood. This study aimed to analyze the effects of poor defecation habits on postoperative hemorrhoid recurrence. Materials and Method We performed a retrospective study on 1,162 consecutive patients who underwent a surgical procedure for hemorrhoids at the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University from December 2016 to May 2020. All patients were followed for 12 months post-operatively. Patients were monitored for disease recurrence. Patient defecation habits were assessed using an obstructive defecation syndrome (ODS) score. Results Patients with a score of 0–4 had a mild defecation disorder, 5–8 a moderate defecation disorder, and 9 or more ODS. Of the 1,162 patients, 1,144 (98.45%) had a mild defecation disorder, 13 (1.12%) had a moderate defecation disorder, and 9 (0.43%) had ODS. Older patients were significantly more likely to have worse defecation habits (P < 0.001). A higher ODS score correlated with a higher maximum anal squeeze pressure (P = 0.07) and a more severe inability for the anus to relax during simulated evacuation (P = 0.002). The maximum rectum threshold was also found to be the highest in ODS patients (P = 0.010). The proportion of Procedure for prolapsing hemorrhoids (PPH) was the highest in the moderate defecation disorder group (53.85), followed by the ODS group (40.00) and the mild defecation disorder group (P = 0.023). Recurrence occurred in 5.51% of patients in the mild defecation disorder group, 38.46% of the moderate defecation disorder group, and 60% of the ODS group (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis confirmed a higher ODS score (P < 0.001) was an independent predictor of recurrence. Furthermore, patients who occasionally exercised (P = 0.01) and patients who exercised regularly (P = 0.021) were less likely to have a recurrence. Conclusion Patients with unresolved defecation disorders are more likely to have their hemorrhoids recur and are unlikely to be satisfied with surgical management.
Nuclear Mechanosensation and Mechanotransduction in Vascular Cells

Vascular cells are constantly subjected to physical forces associated with the rhythmic activities of the heart, which combined with the individual geometry of vessels further imposes oscillatory, turbulent, or laminar shear stresses on vascular cells. These hemodynamic forces play an important role in regulating the transcriptional program and phenotype of endothelial and smooth muscle cells in different regions of the vascular tree. Within the aorta, the lesser curvature of the arch is characterized by disturbed, oscillatory flow. There, endothelial cells become activated, adopting pro-inflammatory and athero-prone phenotypes. This contrasts the descending aorta where flow is laminar and endothelial cells maintain a quiescent and atheroprotective phenotype. While still unclear, the specific mechanisms involved in mechanosensing flow patterns and their molecular mechanotransduction directly impact the nucleus with consequences to transcriptional and epigenetic states. The linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) protein complex transmits both internal and external forces, including shear stress, through the cytoskeleton to the nucleus. These forces can ultimately lead to changes in nuclear integrity, chromatin organization, and gene expression that significantly impact emergence of pathology such as the high incidence of atherosclerosis in progeria. Therefore, there is strong motivation to understand how endothelial nuclei can sense and respond to physical signals and how abnormal responses to mechanical cues can lead to disease. Here, we review the evidence for a critical role of the nucleus as a mechanosensor and the importance of maintaining nuclear integrity in response to continuous biophysical forces, specifically shear stress, for proper vascular function and stability.
PushBox: Making Use of Every Bit of Time to Accelerate Completion of Data-Parallel Jobs

To minimize a job's completion time, we need to minimize the completion time of its final stage's last task. Scheduling of machine slots and networks largely dominates the variable part of each task's duration. Finding an optimal schedule is NP-hard even for offline and simplified scenarios. Previous work does lead to improved performance with various strategies. State-of-the-art task placement and network scheduling efforts are largely disjunctive. Without joint optimization, they are sub-optimal and myopic in many scenarios. Task placement usually treats the network as a black box. Thus, we use prioritized bandwidth allocation among tasks making the network both <italic>predictable</italic> and <italic>efficient</italic> to achieve joint scheduling. With this feature, joint scheduling can be transformed into a special <italic>bin-packing problem</italic>. Over this minimal yet power-enough abstraction, we propose <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{PushBox}$</tex-math></inline-formula> to schedule data-parallel jobs in multi-tenant clusters. When designing the joint scheduling algorithm, we not only embrace the wisdom of prior art but also respect administrators’ fairness intent, which is so far largely ignored. We implement <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{PushBox}$</tex-math></inline-formula> on Hadoop 3. <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{PushBox}$</tex-math></inline-formula> performs persistently well on both a small testbed and a trace-driven simulator.
Usability Analysis of Higher Education Information Systems (SIDIKTI) at Sjakhyakirti University Using Post-Study System Usability Questionnaire (PSSUQ)

Sistem Informasi Pendidikan Tinggi ( SIDIKTI ) merupakan sistem yang ada pada Universitas Sjakhyakirti digunakan sebagai dasar kebutuhan civitas akademika untuk mempermudahkan operator, mahasiswa dan dosen untuk mengontrol jadwal mengajar, mengambil mata kuliah, melihat ruangan kelas, dan mencetak hasil studi semester. Sistem yang dibuat perlu diteliti tingkat usability nya.Tingkat usability yang tinggi biasanya berkaitan erat dengan populernya dan tingginya pemanfaaatan sistem oleh pengguna, Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis Usability SIDIKTI pada Universitas Sjakhyakirti menggunakan Post - Study System Usability Questionnaire ( PSSUQ ). dengan memiliki empat item tanggapan yaitu overall 2,504, sysuse 2,502, infoqual 2,509 dan intqual 2,59. Dari hasil yang telah didapatkan bahwa SIDIKTI secara keseluruhan sudah baik, serta secara kegunaan SIDIKTI mudah dan nyaman digunakan sehingga pengguna menjadi lebih produktif, efektif, efisien dalam menggunakan sistem dan secara kualitas informasi SIDIKTI dapat diterima dengan baik oleh pengguna, Sehingga membantu dalam menyelesaikan pekerjaan. Hal ini menunjukkan karena PSSUQ mempunyai prinsip lower score high usability, dimana jika skor yang didapat semakin kecil maka usability ­- nya semakin besar.