Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Small-scale fishing, community, and administration of fishing resources. Experiences in Michoacan coast, Mexico

This paper is about small-scale fishing communities, their social characteristics, and problems related to the appropriation and administration of fishing resources. It examines cases of Michoacan coast peasant fishermen located on the west-central Pacific shores of Mexico. Specifically, it is a comparative analysis of two fishing localities: the first is the case of Playa Azul located on the south-eastern of Michoacan coast, which is a population of mestizos; on the other hand, there are the indigenous Nahua communities of the Aquila municipality to the north-west of the coast. These communities are both under the same State regime, government institutions, and official fishing regulations; however, the two have different socio-cultural backgrounds and practices. The differences between the two cases explain the structural intricacy that restrains the institutional and communitarian arrangements, as well as the factors that permit the local administration of the fishing resources, which could guarantee its reproduction and conservation. PALABRAS CLAVE | KEYWORDS pesca riberena | recursos colectivos | comunidad | Michoacan | Mexico | coast fishing | communal resources | community
Karaburun (NW Turkey): A Key Oligocene Section on the Margins of Paratethys

Oligocene strata of the İhsaniye Formation crop out at Karaburun located on the Black Sea Coast of Turkey approximately 60 km northwest of Istanbul. This is primarily a succession of marls (in part rich in organic carbon), although coarser units are present in parts of the succession. The precise age and depositional environment of this succession has been the subject of some discussion in the literature; consequently, we have used wellpreserved assemblages of calcareous nannoplankton, foraminifera, and palynomorphs present to determine the detailed biostratigraphy, age calibration, and palaeoenvironments of the section. The succession is significant to petroleum geologists because it represents a lateral equivalent to Oligocene-aged source rocks in the Black Sea Basin that are variously attributed to the Maykop Suite and Ruslar Formation. Age-equivalent source rocks also occur in the Thrace Basin. Interpretation of the succession is therefore useful for providing insight into regional palaeogeography and relative sea-level change, both of which have a bearing on the regional distribution of petroleum play elements within this sector of Paratethys. The outcrop represents a complex story of onlap against an Eocene reefal limestone high, with an active fault partly controlling deposition. Nonetheless, all three biostratigraphic disciplines used suggest that the studied section can be biostratigraphically calibrated to the Early Oligocene (Early Rupelian). Biozonal subdivision and detailed correlation is possible within this age bracket. Deposition occurred dominantly in outer neritic (shelf) – bathyal (slope) depositional settings. It is notable that the İhsaniye Formation at Karaburun is mostly marly (as opposed to purely siliciclastic) and contains a fully open marine diverse fauna with no evidence for restriction and/or only limited evidence for bottom-water anoxia within its lower part. This may reflect a proximity to a Tethyan marine connection to the south by means of the Thrace Basin. The restriction (semi-marine isolation) noted in age equivalent strata in other parts of the Black Sea Basin was not observed at Karaburun.
Food limitation reduces risk avoidance by prey, but does not increase kill rates in a simple predator–prey system

Prey often induce antipredator behaviors when balancing food acquisition against safety. The starvation–predation hypothesis (SPH) posits that, during food shortages, the risk of starvation requires prey to forego antipredator behavior to increase feeding rates. Such shifts in antipredator behavior may further increase the risk of predation and therefore kill rates by predators. We tested the SPH and its consequences for kill rates in a single large prey, single large predator system. In the Argentine Andes, we evaluated whether risk avoidance by vicuñas (Vicugna vicugna) decreased during periods of food scarcity. From three years of GPS relocations collected simultaneously from vicuñas and pumas (Puma concolor), resource selection functions revealed that vicuñas increased their exposure to pumas during nongrowing seasons by reducing the avoidance of canyons and increasing selection for meadows, both of which offer more food of higher quality than relatively safe plains. However, and despite vicuñas becoming more risk‐prone during nongrowing seasons, kill rates by pumas did not change between growing and nongrowing seasons. Contrary to evidence from mesocosm experiments, relaxation of antipredator behavior by prey did not translate into increased kill rates by predators. Our results enhance understanding of the interplay between food limitation and predator–prey interactions within ecosystems and may improve ecologists' ability to predict when and where behaviorally mediated trophic cascades are more likely to occur.
IPTV Advertising Scheduling Methods Considering Advertising Repetition Effects

Internet protocol television (IPTV) advertising has the characteristics of both traditional TV and online advertising and mainly sells impressions through signed guaranteed contracts with advertisers. In this study, we applied the reach and frequency (R&F) contract to the IPTV sales model. Through the R&F contract, advertisers can specify the expected number of unique individuals reached and the frequency cap of the advertisements seen by each user. Considering the lack of user demographic information, we propose using viewing program information instead as the basis for user classification in targeted advertising. Advertising allocation models for two-layer optimization are established. In the upper layer optimization, the advertising allocation proportion is optimized for all user types to minimize the publisher's under-delivery and nonrepresentativeness of advertising delivery among user types. In the lower layer optimization, the impact of repeated advertising on user purchase probability is considered. The specific allocation of advertisements is optimized for each user type to maximize the expected number of buyers without violating the optimization results of the upper layer optimization. A repeated exposure-based hierarchical column generation (REHCG) algorithm is used to address the IPTV advertising scheduling problem. Numerical experiments based on actual data from the IPTV industry show that the REHCG algorithm obtains high-quality results for IPTV advertising scheduling.
La exclusión residencial de los extranjeros en España y la crisis económica

Introducción Desde finales de la década de los noventa del pasado siglo la llegada de inmigrantes al albor del desarrollo económico se ha convertido en uno de los fenómenos demográficos, sociales, económicos y territoriales de más importancia en España. La estrechez económica y un rígido y caro mercado residencial les han dificultado el acceso a una vivienda adecuada, sin que las políticas públicas hayan podido paliar esta situación. Como resultado de ello, buena parte de la población extranjera ha padecido cierta “exclusión residencial”. Este fenómeno presenta múltiples facetas interdependientes. Puede causarlo la ocupación de inmuebles de baja calidad, la sobreocupación de la vivienda, las dificultades para acceder al alquiler reglado, la existencia de impedimentos económicos para llegar a ser propietarios de su vivienda habitual o la presencia de fenómenos de segregación residencial. Todas estas facetas, propias de procesos de exclusión residencial, se reconocen en el caso de la población extranjera residente en España, variando su intensidad en función de tres factores también interrelacionados: la fase del proyecto migratorio, la capacidad económica y la nacionalidad. Pues bien, esta comunicación1 se centra en analizar las condiciones residenciales de la población extranjera en España tras el periodo de fuerte crecimiento económico de 1995-2007, intentando desvelar las diferentes dimensiones de la exclusión habitacional de este colectivo y los distintos niveles de afección en función de la nacionalidad y el proyecto migratorio. Asimismo, el trabajo pretende mostrar cómo en el posterior periodo de crisis de 2008-2009, la exclusión residencial se ha agravado más, ante el carácter secundario que desempeñan la política pública de vivienda e integración, frente al papel económico que tiene la mano de obra inmigrante en la estructura productiva.
JOGO DIGITAL PARA A ESTIMULAÇÃO DAS HABILIDADES COGNITIVAS E MOTORAS DE UM ESTUDANTE COM SÍNDROME DE DOWN

O avanço da Tecnologia da Informação tem proporcionado impacto na indústria de jogos digitais. Outrora, tais jogos eram predominantemente destinados ao entretenimento e diversão. Contemporaneamente, as possibilidades se expandiram exponencialmente com inovações nos modos virtuais de apresentação e desafios destes jogos. Um dos principais avanços é a utilização dos jogos digitais para fins educacionais e terapêuticos, incluindo o auxílio no processo de aprendizagem de indivíduos com Síndrome de Down. A partir deste contexto, esse estudo objetivou avaliar o jogo digital “Maze for Kids” na estimulação das habilidades cognitivas e motoras de um estudante com Síndrome de Down. O procedimento metodológico baseou-se no delineamento do sujeito único, no modelo AB, o qual permitiu a análise do comportamento do estudante antes, durante e após as intervenções. A coleta de dados foi realizada em nove sessões, com o auxílio de filmagens e anotações de campo. A partir da análise de dados, pode-se identificar um melhor desempenho do participante, visto que ele obteve um melhor aproveitamento no jogo. Quanto às habilidades cognitivas e motoras analisadas, elas obtiveram resultados positivos durante o protocolo de intervenção. Conclui-se que ao ser utilizado o delineamento no modelo AB, pôde-se evidenciar que o uso de um jogo digital em um recurso touch, ao ser associado à intervenção e atrelado ao uso de estratégias, pode favorecer o desenvolvimento de habilidades motoras e cognitivas do participante com Síndrome de Down, estimulando a resolução de desafios e sua autonomia. Recebido em: 02/08/2023 Reformulado em: 01/11/2023 Aceito em: 01/11/2023
Benthic Community of the Sungai Pulai Seagrass Bed, Malaysia

An ecological survey was carried out to investigate the benthos community structure based on density and diversity of the meiobenthos and macrobenthos communities inhabiting the seagrass bed and to investigate their relationship with environmental factors at Sungai Pulai estuary, Johor. A PVC hand corer was used to collect sediment samples from the 3 rd to the 5 th of December 2006 during the lowest tide. Three stations were chosen; Sungai Duku (S1) (07o24.137'N, 103o22.476' E), Tanjung Adang (S2) (01o19.762'N, 103o33.894' E) and Merambong (S3) (01o20.094'N 103o35.982'E). The highest density of meiobenthos was found at S2 followed by S3 and S1. The macrobenthos density was found to be greatest at S3 followed by S2 and S1. S2 had the highest diversity index with a value of 1.69 and 2.06 for meiobenthos and macrobenthos respectively. The statistical analysis demonstrated a significant difference existed between the benthic assemblages of the three stations. The differences in environmental parameters might be responsible for the assemblages of benthic community between stations. ABSTRAK Pemantauan ekologi telah dilakukan untuk menyiasat komuniti struktur bentos berdasarkan kepadatan dan kekayaan komuniti meiobentos dan makrobentos yang hidup di padang rumput laut dan juga bagi menyiasat perhubungan mereka dengan faktor-faktor persekitaran di muara Sungai Pulai, Johor. Tiub pengorek PVC digunakan untuk mengambil sampel sedimen bermula dari 3 hingga 5 Disember 2006 semasa air surut penuh. Tiga stesen penyampelan iaitu; Sungai Duku (S1) (07o24.137'N, 103o22.476' E), Tanjung Adang (S2) (01o19.762'N, 103o33.894' E) dan Merambong (S3)(01o20.094'N 103o35.982'E). Hasil kajian didapati jumlah kepadatan meiobentos tertinggi ditemui di S2, kemudian di S3 dan S1. Manakala jumlah kepadatan makrobentos tertinggi ditemui di S3, kemudian di S2 dan S1. S2 didapati mempunyai indeks kekayaan tertinggi dengan nilai 1.69 bagi meiobentos dan 2.06 bagi nilai makrobentos. Analisis statistik menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan bererti wujud antara pengumpulan bentik di tiga stesen. Perbezaan parameter persekitaran berkemungkinan bertanggungjawab dalam perbezaan pengumpulan komuniti bentik antara stesen. (Keywords: Meiobenthos, macrobenthos, density, diversity, seagrass bed, Sungai Pulai estuary.)
Topically Applied Magnetized Saline Water Activates Autophagy in the Scalp and Increases Hair Count and Hair Mass Index in Men With Mild-to-Moderate Androgenetic Alopecia

Introduction Water is essential for life and is vital for almost all functions of the human body. Recent studies have shown that treating water with magnets can alter its physicochemical properties, including intracluster bonds and water-ion interactions. Magnetized water also undergoes modifications in its physicochemical characteristics, such as pH, salinity, and dissolved oxygen. While there is a significant amount of literature on the use of magnetized water in agricultural settings, research on its potential biomedical applications is still limited. Based on previous findings indicating a potential relationship between autophagy activation and hair loss reversal, a pilot study was designed to explore the effects of topically applied magnetized saline water in patients with androgenetic alopecia. The hypothesis was that the process of water magnetization, which promotes the creation of hydroxyl ions, could potentially induce hair growth through the induction of alkali-induced autophagy in the scalp. Methods We recruited 20 Caucasian men with mild-to-moderate androgenetic alopecia (Norwood-Hamilton stages II−III). Initially, we conducted a 12-week open-label study to evaluate the potential of a topical lotion containing 95% magnetized saline water (2 mL applied once daily) to increase hair count and hair mass index (HMI). Subsequently, we investigated the effect of the lotion on two autophagy markers (Beclin-1 and LC3B) in scalp biopsies from a subgroup of 10 men. Results Hair count significantly increased after 12 weeks of topical treatment with magnetized saline water (from 20.6 ± 9.8 at baseline to 32.5 ± 12.4 at 12 weeks, P < 0.001). Similarly, the mean HMI increased from 37.8 ± 11.4 at baseline to 45.1 ± 13.6 at 12 weeks (P < 0.01). At the molecular level, the topical lotion effectively increased Beclin-1 levels in scalp biopsies by 44% at 12 weeks as compared to the baseline. Similarly, LC3B levels increased by 36% from baseline to 12 weeks, indicating that the lotion effectively activated autophagy in the scalp. Conclusions After 12 weeks of topical treatment, a lotion containing magnetized saline water activated scalp autophagy and significantly increased hair count and HMI in men with mild-to-moderate androgenetic alopecia.
Building water utilities with local private entrepreneurs

The involvement of the rural private sector in water supply in Cambodia is unique to the country. The presence of this private sector allows other entities to respond to new demands from people living in the larger villages for household water supply, which the State is not yet able to address. These entrepreneurs operate on a merchant basis, lacking an institutional structure which is still being created. Their business is most often based on pushcart delivering water barrels at the house of villagers or more recently on small piped networks usually distributing raw surface water. Service is rough; the water quality is uncertain, but the users are satisfied with this service, because for them, it constitutes another alternative to the already considerable choice of water supplies available-ponds, wells, boreholes, and rivers. Their demands focus more on a practical objective (a supply in the household) than on a sanitary one, even if surveys show that villagers have a good understanding of health risks associated with water. Through the implementation of 14 small scale water supply systems, the goal was to enhance a qualitative improvement of the water service in some Cambodian small towns through the transformation of rough and informal merchant services to a basic water service supplying drinking water to an extended population under a formal institutional arrangement. The MIREP (Mini Reseaux d'Eau Potable - Small Scale Piped Water Supply System) program, launched in 2001 to transform these very basic initiatives into basic services, began as a pilot project supporting one entrepreneur in the implementation of a small piped water system. In order to move forward, the MIREP program made a choice, in particular linked to its proximity to the Ministry of rural development, to assist the nascent involvement of communes in decentralization, to strengthen provincial power through the process of decentralization, and to respect the cultural heritage of those who devised and financed the project.
Weakening processes in thrust faults: insights from the Monte Perdido thrust fault (southern Pyrenees, Spain)

The Monte Perdido thrust fault (southern Pyrenees) consists of a 6-m-thick interval of intensely deformed clay-bearing rocks. The fault zone is affected by a pervasive pressure solution seam and numerous shear surfaces. Calcite extensional-shear veins are present along the shear surfaces. The angular relationships between the two structures indicate that shear surfaces developed at a high angle (70°) to the local principal maximum stress axis σ1. Two main stages of deformation are present. The first stage corresponds to the development of calcite shear veins by a combination of shear surface reactivation and extensional mode I rupture. The second stage of deformation corresponds to chlorite precipitation along the previously reactivated shear surfaces. The pore fluid factor λ computed for the two deformation episodes indicates high fluid pressures during the Monte Perdido thrust activity. During the first stage of deformation, the reactivation of the shear surface was facilitated by a suprahydrostatic fluid pressure with a pore fluid factor λ equal to 0.89. For the second stage, the fluid pressure remained still high (with a λ value ranging between 0.77 and 0.84) even with the presence of weak chlorite along the shear surfaces. Furthermore, evidence of hydrostatic fluid pressure during calcite cement precipitation supports that incremental shear surface reactivations are correlated with cyclic fluid pressure fluctuations consistent with a fault-valve model.
Poverty & social exclusion in Hong Kong

The aim of this thesis was to develop and test new methods of studying poverty and investigate the extent and prevalence of poverty in a changing society and give insights to policy makers for allocating resources to those people who are in real need. The thesis has 4 main elements - (1) analysis of the relevant Hong Kong and British literature; (2) a secondary data analysist he 1% sample of the 2001 Population Census (the 1% sample); (3) analysis of the survey of living standards in Hong Kong (LS survey); and (4) a comparison of similarities and differences of the key results of the 1% sample and the LS survey, and of the findings of the LS survey and the 1999 Poverty and Social Exclusion Survey (the PSE survey) of the United Kingdom. The development of a theoretical framework for the analysis of poverty and social exclusion in Hong Kong has utilized ideas from Britain and other European countries since poverty studies have had a long history in these countries. The relevance of western categorisations or approaches to a very different society needs to be explored and examined. The present study provides more up-to-date information on definitions and measurement of poverty and social exclusion by utilizing ideas from the United Kingdom and other European countries and hopes to contribute to the development of an improved theoretical framework for the analysis of poverty and social exclusion in Hong Kong. In addition, those previous local poverty studies were useful as showing clearly where poverty research in Hong Kong has got to, its achievements and limitations and form the base of the focus of the LS survey in Hong Kong. They give insights as to how the LS survey might fill some of the gaps of the existing poverty research. There are three research elements in the thesis. First, a secondary data analysis of the 1% sample from the Hong Kong 2001 Population Census was undertaken to provide an updated profile of low-income households in Hong Kong. The sample was drawn from the most recent Population Census by a random sample selection to ensure data accuracy. This study was the first attempt to adopt Bradshaw & Middleton's equivalised income measure (Gordon, et al., 2000: 86-87) to identify the number Of low-income households with reference to various definitions of low-income, and also examine the socio-economic and demographic characteristics of these low-income households in Hong Kong.
N-óxido de trimetilamina e doenças renais: o que sabemos?

Resumo No intestino humano, existe um microbioma metabolicamente ativo cujos produtos metabólicos alcançam diversos órgãos e são utilizados nas atividades fisiológicas do corpo. Quando ocorre disbiose da homeostase microbiana intestinal, os metabólitos patogênicos podem aumentar, e um deles é o N-óxido de trimetilamina (TMAO). Acredita-se que o TMAO tenha um papel na patogênese da resistência à insulina, diabetes, hiperlipidemia, doenças cardíacas ateroscleróticas e eventos cerebrovasculares. O nível de TMAO também está associado à inflamação renal, fibrose, lesão renal aguda, doença renal diabética e doença renal crônica. Nesta revisão, discute-se o efeito do TMAO em diversas doenças renais.
Silk Roots – A Design Template for Interdisciplinary Learning Projects

This paper introduces a design template for interdisciplinary project-based learning (PBL), utilising a design thinking approach, with the "Silk Roots'' project as a case study. Traditional education often compartmentalises knowledge, limiting students' understanding of real-world complexities. In response to these limitations, the paper presents a comprehensive four-stage framework for the implementation of interdisciplinary PBL rooted in design thinking principles. Empathise: The design process begins with identifying users and stakeholders, recognising teachers as designers. The primary user is the student, but the community and curriculum are also significant stakeholders. Define: Students seek real-world relevance and complex systems understanding. The process of crafting projects must address these needs while promoting collaboration, diverse perspectives, and student agency. Ideate: The context of the educational system, the desired learning outcomes and the practical realities inform the possibilities that can be envisaged. Prototype: The implementation stage involves a student cohort studying the silk industry near Bengaluru, India, with teachers facilitating their exploration. A unique outcome is the facilitators' transformation into co-learners, enriching the educational journey. Implement: The success of the "Silk Roots" project led to the creation of a generalised design template. The template supports a project designer through logistical and philosophical considerations. It begins with conceptualisation and definition of the project study area, logistics and planning, the process of student research and the final outcomes of the project. While such interdisciplinary PBL experiences might have cultural and practical limitations, the larger learning outcomes justify their consideration.