Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lightning NeRF: Efficient Hybrid Scene Representation for Autonomous Driving

Recent studies have highlighted the promising application of NeRF in autonomous driving contexts. However, the complexity of outdoor environments, combined with the restricted viewpoints in driving scenarios, complicates the task of precisely reconstructing scene geometry. Such challenges often lead to diminished quality in reconstructions and extended durations for both training and rendering. To tackle these challenges, we present Lightning NeRF. It uses an efficient hybrid scene representation that effectively utilizes the geometry prior from LiDAR in autonomous driving scenarios. Lightning NeRF significantly improves the novel view synthesis performance of NeRF and reduces computational overheads. Through evaluations on real-world datasets, such as KITTI-360, Argoverse2, and our private dataset, we demonstrate that our approach not only exceeds the current state-of-the-art in novel view synthesis quality but also achieves a five-fold increase in training speed and a ten-fold improvement in rendering speed. Codes are available at https://github.com/VISION-SJTU/Lightning-NeRF .
Parameterized Vertical Concentration Profiles for Aerosols in the Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer

Information about sea spray aerosol particle transport and their vertical distribution in the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) is important in marine meteorological forecasting and geobiochemical models. However, due to difficulties in field observations, values of aerosol concentration are often limited to point measurements, and obtaining the size‐resolved concentration profiles is quite challenging. Hence, numerical and analytical studies are vital in modeling the transport of aerosols in the atmospheric boundary layer and beyond. Due to their coarse resolution, most mesoscale and global aerosol models do not accurately resolve the sea spray and aerosol concentrations in the MABL, especially in the surface layer. The objective of the present study is to develop a relatively simple, one‐dimensional analytical model to calculate concentration profiles of aerosols in the MABL. In this study, a new analytical model relating surface flux to vertical concentration profile in the MABL is proposed. The model accounts for the different atmospheric stability and particle settling velocity, thus providing size‐resolved vertical profiles of aerosol concentration. The equations developed here extend the surface layer similarity models to the mixed layer. Model results are compared to aerosol concentration profiles emitted from a surface source obtained from large eddy simulations, for both neutral and unstable atmospheric stability and for particle sizes ranging from 1 to 30 μm. Though the model is developed for sea spray aerosols, it can be used to calculate vertical concentration profiles for other types of settling particles, including dust and sand particles in the atmospheric boundary layer.
Robust Imaging of Fault Slip Rates in the Walker Lane and Western Great Basin From GPS Data Using a Multi‐Block Model Approach

The Walker Lane (WL) in the western Great Basin (GB) is an active plate boundary system accommodating 10%–20% of the relative tectonic motion between the Pacific and North American plates. Its neotectonic framework is structurally complex, having hundreds of faults with various strikes, rakes, and crustal blocks with vertical axis rotation. Faults slip rates are key parameters needed to quantify seismic hazard in such tectonically active plate boundaries but modeling them in complex areas like the WL and GB is challenging. We present a new modeling strategy for estimating fault slip rates in complex zones of active crustal deformation using data from GPS networks. The technique does not rely on prior estimates of slip rates from geologic studies, and only uses data on the surface trace location, dip, and rake. The iterative framework generates large numbers of block models algorithmically from the fault database to obtain many estimates of slip rates for each fault. This reduces bias from subjective choices about how discontinuous faults connect and interact to accommodate strain. Each model iteration differs slightly in block boundary configuration, but all models honor geodetic and fault data, regularization, and are kinematically self‐consistent. The approach provides several advantages over bespoke models, including insensitivity to outlier data, realistic uncertainties, explicit mapping of off‐fault deformation, and slip rates that are more objective and independent of geologic slip rates. Comparisons to the U.S. National Seismic Hazard Model indicate that ∼80% of our geodetic slip rates agree with their geologic slip rates to within uncertainties.
Increasing the impact of vertebrate scientific collections through 3D imaging: The openVertebrate (oVert) Thematic Collections Network

Abstract The impact of preserved museum specimens is transforming and increasing by three-dimensional (3D) imaging that creates high-fidelity online digital specimens. Through examples from the openVertebrate (oVert) Thematic Collections Network, we describe how we created a digitization community dedicated to the shared vision of making 3D data of specimens available and the impact of these data on a broad audience of scientists, students, teachers, artists, and more. High-fidelity digital 3D models allow people from multiple communities to simultaneously access and use scientific specimens. Based on our multiyear, multi-institution project, we identify significant technological and social hurdles that remain for fully realizing the potential impact of digital 3D specimens.
Les services écosystémiques urbains, vers une multifonctionnalité des espaces verts publics : revue de littérature

Les services ecosystemiques ont ete etudies dans le milieu urbain avant meme la publication du rapport du Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA) en 2005. La necessite de prendre en compte la multifonctionnalite des espaces verts dans l’elaboration des documents d’urbanisme est fortement suggeree. Ainsi, l’objectif de notre etude est de discuter la question : comment concretiser la transition des espaces verts publics, d’un decor a un equipement urbain multifonctionnel, en valorisant leurs services ? Une synthese de 170 articles sur la caracterisation des services ecosystemiques a permis d’identifier entre autres 56 services. La planification des trames vertes urbaines apparait comme une opportunite de valorisation des services ecosystemiques fournis par la vegetation.
Assessing the potential role of education as a tool for adaptation to climate change in two rural communities in Solomon Islands

More than 85% of the Solomon Islands population lives in villages and communities within 1.5 km from the coast. Therefore, these communities are exposed to extreme ocean-based events, whose intensity and variation are expected to increase due to climate change. The government realizes the expected devastating impacts on the population, and has partnered with aid-donors to invest millions of dollars in climate change related programs, especially mitigation, adaptation and transformation strategies in rural communities. This paper describes people´s perceptions of the role of education as an adaptation and transformation tool to cope with negative impacts from climate change. We describe the situation of two study sites in rural communities in Solomon Islands. One study site covered Oibola Village, Langa Langa Lagoon, Malaita Province in 2013. The second study site covered communities of Keigold and Mondo, Ranogha Islands, Western province in 2015. In both locations, we identified that communities were applying a climate change focused education that can be considered a useful model for adaptation to climate change to be replicated in other rural communities in Solomon Islands. In both study sties, we found converging insights with regard to participants strong beliefs that formal education provided a long-term adaptive mechanism to climate change and extreme environmental events.
DINAMIKA SEDIMENTASI SINGKAPAN FORMASI NGRAYONG DENGANANALOGI LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN MODERN, STUDI KASUSSINGKAPAN POLAMAN DAN BRAHOLO DENGAN ANALOGI PESISIR PANTAIUTARA JAWA

Formasi Ngrayong merupakan formasi yang tersusun oleh batugamping Orbitoid (Cycloclypeus) dan batulempung dibagian bawah, kemudian berubah secara gradual menjadi batupasir dengan sisipan batugamping orbitoid dibagian atas. Secara regional, formasi ini diendapkan pada daerah pasangsurut yang mengalami transgresi menjadi lingkungan paparan tengah hingga luar. Dengan dominasi litologi berupa clean sand, formasi ini menjadi reservoir utama di zona Rembang khususnya daerah Cepu. Dengan mengidentifikasi singkapan pada formasi Ngrayong dan menganalogikannya dengan sistem pengendapan yang masih berlangsung saat ini, dapat diinterpretasikan dinamika sedimentasi yang terjadi selama pembentukan formasi Ngrayong sehingga memudahkan dalam pemahaman sejarah geologi secara komprehensif. Dalam studi ini, digunakan dua singkapan pada formasi Ngrayong, singkapan pertama berada di Polaman dan singkapan kedua berada di lembah sungai Braholo. Singkapan Polaman memiliki variasi litologi berupa batupasir, batulempung berseling dengan batupasir, shale, dan rudstone dengan kandungan fosil Cycloclypeus, sedangkan singkapan pada lembah sungai Braholo tersusun oleh rudstone, batugamping chalky, dan batupasir. Analogi yang digunakan untuk interpretasi dinamika sedimentasi berada di hutan Mangrove Banggi, Rembang yang merupakan model sedimentasi modern pesisir Utara Jawa saat ini. Pemahaman secara spasial dinamika sedimentasi di formasi Ngrayong akan memudahkan dalam analisis potensi, terutama prospek hidrokarbon. Batupasir dan batugamping Cycloclypeus bertindak sebagai batuan reservoar, dan shale berperan sebagai source rock. Kata Kunci : Dinamika, Ngrayong, Polaman, Braholo, Pasang-surut
A case report on tenofovir induced osteoporosis

The antiretroviral drug tenofovir, is a nucleotide analogue which is used in the treatment of HIV and hepatitis B infections. This drug works by inhibiting the HIV reverse transcriptase enzyme and prevent the synthesis of viral DNA. It is administered as a single 300 mg tablet once daily. This drug is mostly used in the combination with lamivudine, dolutegravir (TLD regimen). Although there has been success in the use of tenofovir in treating HIV infection, there have been some adverse effects associated with it. Multiple studies have implicated tenofovir associated bone loss and renal failure. In order to treat the adverse effects which are caused due to tenofovir, an alternate drug should be administered.
Aricidea fragilis (Annelida: Paraonidae) in the Mediterranean Sea: overlooked native or alien species?

Abstract The paraonid polychaete Aricidea fragilis Webster, 1879, a typically west-Atlantic species, is reported from the Mediterranean Sea on the basis of several individuals, from the Adriatic and Tyrrhenian Sea. Its differences with the other Mediterranean Paraonidae, and in particular with the morphologically close Aricidea suecica meridionalis Laubier & Ramos, 1974, are briefly discussed. The possible status of A. fragilis as an alien species in European waters is analysed. The scarcity of historical records, the relatively restricted distribution, and the population dynamics observed in European waters strongly support the hypothesis of an introduction, despite the wide temporal interval between the first record of the species in the 1930s and the currently ongoing range expansion and population explosion. Here we precautionarily suggest considering A. fragilis a cryptogenic species.
Minimum Stress, Maximum Pressure: A New High Performance Bridging System Facilitates Drilling Depleted Formations at High Overbalance in Middle East

Wells drilled in the direction of minimum stress are potentially more favorable for reservoir development and optimal production. In such a situation, hydraulic fractures grow transversely to the wellbore axis, allowing placement of multiple fractures without the overlapping fractures. However, wells that have been drilled in the minimum horizontal stress direction typically encounter drilling-related problems such as stuck pipe, wellbore breakout and lost circulation. These problems can result in increased well costs due to significant periods of non-productive time and in the worst case, loss of the well. To address this, wellbore strengthening techniques can be applied to bridge or plug fractures and increase near-wellbore stability via hoop stresses. Designing drilling fluids from a wellbore strengthening point of view has proved successful at managing problems associated with wells that have high overbalance pressure and low formation strength. As more challenging wells are drilled, though, overbalance pressures are exceeding the wellbore strengthening capabilities of existing fluid designs. These high-overbalance pressures significantly increase the risks associated with drilling in the minimum stress direction. This paper describes an improved, environmentally acceptable, customized high-performance system that can be used in water-based and oil-based mud systems, enabling wells to be drilled with more than 4500 psi overbalance pressure and mud weights beyond 145 pcf. This newly designed system helps the operator increase operational efficiency by:Minimizing the risk of differential stickingReducing downhole lossesImproving wellbore stabilityReducing torque and drag through enhanced lubricity Laboratory data is presented outlining the design of the new system and field case studies show how this new, improved bridging system reduces the risks associated with drilling in the minimum stress direction through highly depleted reservoirs or reservoir sections where multiple targets may be separated by high-pressure zones that require higher mud weights.
Exploring the Landscape of Breast Cancer Prevention among Chinese Residents in Italy: An In-Depth Analysis of Screening Adherence, Breast Self-Examination (BSE) Practices, the Role of Technological Tools, and Misconceptions Surrounding Risk Factors and Symptoms

Background: Breast cancer remains a significant health concern among women globally. Despite advancements in awareness and diagnostic techniques, it persists as a leading cause of death, with profound impacts on affected individuals’ quality of life. Primary and secondary prevention, including regular screenings and practices like breast self-examination (BSE), are pivotal in ensuring early diagnosis. The national health system (NHS) in Italy offers screenings for women aged 50–69 every two years, managed by the local health authority. However, the participation rates, especially among the Chinese female population residing in Italy, are not well understood. Methods: Using a snowball method, we electronically disseminated a survey to investigate how Chinese women living in Italy engage with available NHS screening programs. The survey also explores their practice of BSE and the use and impact of technological tools on prevention. Furthermore, the study aims to understand the subjects’ depth of knowledge and misconceptions about breast cancer. Results: The data reveal a significant gap in breast cancer screening adherence and knowledge among Chinese women in Italy, with a notable discrepancy between the general population and those who have previously encountered cancer. Conclusions: The results highlight the urgent need for interventions that are culturally sensitive, stressing that these actions are not only desirable but essential.
Effects of regional climate model spatial resolution on hydrological modelling of summer-fall floods in southern Quebec

This study aims to evaluate the effects of the Canadian Regional Climate Model’s (CRCM) spatial resolution on summer-fall floods simulation. Seven different climate simulations issued from the fourth and the fifth version of the CRCM are employed. Four different climate simulations issued from the fourth version of the CRCM (CRCM4) are compared. They are composed of two simulations driven by the Canadian General Circulation Model (CGCM) and two driven by the ERA-40c reanalysis using grid meshes of 15 km and 45 km resolutions for each driver. Three climate simulations issued from the fifth version of the CRCM (CRCM5) driven by the ERA-Interim at 0.44° (≈ 48 km), 0.22° (≈ 24 km) and 0.11° (≈ 12 km) spatial resolutions are used. All comparisons are evaluated on a daily time-step for the 1961-1990 period (for CRCM4) and for the 1981-2010 period (for CRCM5). These seven simulations (four from CRCM4 and three from CRCM5) are used as input for two hydrological models of varying complexity (HSAMI and MOHYSE). Each model is calibrated using three different objective functions based on the Kling-Gupta Efficiency criteria (KGE) to target the summer-fall floods. Three seasonal indices are used to evaluate the CRCM outputs: bias (temperature), relative bias (precipitation) and variances ratio (temperature and precipitation). In an attempt to evaluate the effects of the spatial resolution on the hydrological modelling of summer-fall floods, streamflow simulations are generated using the seven climate datasets. The generated climate-driven streamflow simulations are analysed by two performance statistics: the seasonal values of KGE and the seasonal relative biases. Summer-fall floods are evaluated through the use of four flood indicators, the 2-year, 5-year, 10-year and 20-year return periods. The results revealed an impact of spatial resolution on climate model outputs (temperature and precipitation) and on summer-fall floods simulation by the two hydrological models and the three different calibration approaches, although this can be due to other elements such as domain size and climate model driver. The flood indicators demonstrate an increase on the summer-fall floods return periods with increasing resolution from both hydrological models. On the other hand the hydrological models structure and the calibration approaches did not show significant impacts on the summer-fall floods. The results highlight the need for further research to assess the additional uncertainty due to the impacts of the climate simulations spatial resolution on hydrological studies.
Analysis of Factors Affecting Labor Productivity of Upper Structure Work on the Hurun Beach Resort Project Using the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process)

Development and project development in Indonesia is very important and is expected to have a good impact on the economy of this country. To achieve reliable development, it is necessary to manage human resources with the aim of increasing construction productivity. The factor influencing productivity is one of the benchmarks for the success of construction development implementation. This study aims to analyze the factors and occupations that have a relative effect on labor productivity in the Hurun Beach Resort Project. The AHP method is the research method used to carry out the analysis in this study. This is because decision-making criteria and alternatives become a reference to obtain achievements so that the percentage of the desired productivity factor can be known. Based on the results of the sub-criteria analysis, the relatively influential factor is the shop drawing with a weight of 0.19432, the second is the experience factor of 0.11948, and the third is the factor of adding working hours 0.10936. After analyzing the sub-criteria and then getting the final weight, the alternative superstructure work that is relatively influential is formwork work with a weight of 0.03413, the second is ironwork 0.03049, and the third is casting work 0, 0207.
Enhanced SCNN-Based Hybrid Spatial-Temporal Lane Detection Model for Intelligent Transportation Systems

Accurate and timely lane detection is imperative for the seamless operation of autonomous driving systems. In this study, leveraging the gradual variation of lane features within a defined range of width and length, we introduce an enhanced Spatial-Temporal Recurrent Neural Network (SCNN) framework. This framework serves as the cornerstone of an innovative hybrid spatial-temporal model for lane detection, which is tailored to address the prevalent issues of substandard detection performance and insufficient real-time processing in intricate scenarios, such as those involving lane erosion and inconsistent lighting conditions, which often challenge conventional models. With the foundational understanding that lanes manifest as continuous lines, we employ a temporal sequence of lane imagery as the input to our model, thereby ensuring a rich provision of feature information. The model adopts an encoder-decoder structure and integrates a Spatial-Temporal Recurrent Neural Network module for the extraction of interrelated information from the image sequence. The model culminates in the output of the lane detection results for the terminal frame. The proposed lane detection model exhibits a commendable synthesis of accuracy and real-time efficiency, attaining an Accuracy of 97.87%, an $F_{1}$ -score of 0.943, and a FPS of 19.342 on the tvtLANE dataset and an Accuracy of 98.21%, an $F_{1}$ -score of 0.957 on the Tusimple dataset. These metrics signify a superior performance over a majority of the current lane detection methods.
Analysis of statistical estimators and neural network approaches for speech enhancement

Speech communicated is adversely affected by environmental noise. It is important to process the speech and reduce noise for better understanding. Speech enhancement or noise reduction is useful to provide comfort for human or machine listening. Traditional algorithms provide better noise reduction and better-quality speech. Due to the non-stationary nature of noise and the quasi-stationary nature of speech, the traditional methods are proven inadequate in achieving high-quality speech. Later statistical estimators based on Gaussian, and super-Gaussian Probability Density Function (PDF) assumption further improved the enhancement performance. But still, non-stationary noise nature introduces artifacts in processed signal and results in decreased performance. It is observed that neural network approaches and the factorization approach provide better performance even under non-stationary noises by proper training and large database. Different features result in variations in output performance under unseen noise and speaker conditions. It is important to understand the importance and advantages of traditional methods, statistical estimators, and neural network approaches performances. To select the suitable method for a required application, it is essential to consider the trade-off between quality and distortion. In this work, the importance of speech enhancement methods is discussed. Performance measures used for understanding the speech enhancement like Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), Segmental SNR, Log-Likelihood Ratio (LLR), Weighted Spectral Slope (WSS), Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality (PESQ), Short-Time Objective Intelligibility (STOI), Signal to Distortion Ratio (SDR) and Mean Opinion Score (MOS), are given. Highlights of important results are discussed for analyzing better speech enhancement methods for the required application. In this work, performance is compared using objective and subjective performance measures. Simulation results show superior performance when neural network is employed in statistical estimators.