Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Migration using multi-configuration GPR data

Due to the radiation pattern of the GPR antennas, the amplitude of the reflection is not only dependent on the distance between the target and the antennas, but also on the angle of orientation between the antennas and this target. Alford rotation is applied to this radiation pattern of the antennas, and used to extract the location of the origin of the reflected wavefield. This information is used to improve the migration scheme. In conventional migration schemes, recorded data are migrated to all angles. In this method, instead the recorded data are migrated to certain grid points only. This makes the migration algorithm faster and more accurate. This Alford migration method is applied to synthetic data and is shown to be successful below a noise level of about 1% of the amplitude level of the data. A higher level of noise results in an inaccurate estimate of the angle to the location of the target and the signal to noise level to decrease. The result can be improved by migrating over a limited sweep of angles around the estimated angle. Application of this method to field data collected at a controlled test site has shown poor results, as there was too much noise present in the data and errors might occur due to dispositioning of the antennas.
Characterization of Safety Events Involving Technology in Primary and Community Care

Abstract Background The adoption of technology in health care settings is often touted as an opportunity to improve patient safety. While some adverse events can be reduced by health information technologies, technology has also been implicated in or attributed to safety events. To date, most studies on this topic have focused on acute care settings. Objectives To describe voluntarily reported safety events that involved health information technology in community and primary care settings in a large Canadian health care organization. Methods Two years of safety events involving health information technology (2016–2018) were extracted from an online voluntary safety event reporting system. Events from primary and community care settings were categorized according to clinical setting, type of event, and level of harm. The Sittig and Singh sociotechnical system model was then used to identify the most prominent sociotechnical dimensions of each event. Results Of 104 reported events, most ( n = 85, 82%) indicated the event resulted in no harm. Public health had the highest number of reports ( n = 45, 43%), whereas home health had the fewest ( n = 7, 7%). Of the 182 sociotechnical concepts identified, many events ( n = 61, 59%) mapped to more than one dimension. Personnel ( n = 48, 46%), Workflow and Communication ( n = 37, 36%), and Content ( n = 30, 29%) were the most common. Personnel and Content together was the most common combination of dimensions. Conclusion Most reported events featured both technical and social dimensions, suggesting that the nature of these events is multifaceted. Leveraging existing safety event reporting systems to screen for safety events involving health information technology, and applying a sociotechnical analytic framework can aid health organizations in identifying, responding to, and learning from reported events.
Landfill Use by Andean Condors in Central Chile

We here describe Andean Condors' (Vultur gryphus) use of the biggest landfill in Chile as a food source. We monitored the landfill between 2005 and 2022. Until 2013, there was an increase in the number of condors present in the landfill. Then the number decreased until 2016, coincident with an abundant food supply on a large spatial scale, due to high mortality of cattle that were affected by extreme drought and plentiful rabbit carcasses due to outbreaks of myxomatosis. The same temporal and numerical trends were observed in both sexes and all ages. Compared to published population parameters, in the landfill the proportion of immatures was higher and that of adult males was lower; therefore, the landfill could function as a subsidy mainly for the lower strata of the dominance hierarchy of this species. There was a strong seasonality, with a low presence of condors in the warm season and maximum numbers in the cold season, likely coinciding with seasonal movements of livestock between summer and winter range lands in the high mountains, resulting in lower food abundance for condors during the cold season. This is the first characterization of the use of a landfill by a high number of Andean Condors, use that could have implications for the species' population in central Chile. Despite the apparent positive effect as a subsidy, waste disposals can have detrimental effects due to condors' consumption of potentially dangerous compounds. This study underscores the opportunistic nature of the Andean Condor, a species that can take advantage of rubbish dumps. Long-term Andean Condor monitoring at landfills may serve as an indicator food supply over a large spatial scale, which should be considered in conservation strategies.
Using Landsat Time-Series and LiDAR to Inform Aboveground Forest Biomass Baselines in Northern Minnesota, USA

Abstract The publicly accessible archive of Landsat imagery and increasing regional-scale LiDAR acquisitions offer an opportunity to periodically estimate aboveground forest biomass (AGB) from 1990 to the present to align with the reporting needs of National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (NGHGIs). This study integrated Landsat time-series data, a state-wide LiDAR dataset, and a recent cycle of the national forest inventory (NFI) records in Minnesota, USA, to obtain a spatially explicit inventory of AGB across a large region of space and time back to the 1990 baseline used by the US NGHGI. Pixel-level polynomial models were fit to 6 time-series metrics of Landsat data to obtain fitted predictors that were ultimately coupled with the NFI data in a nonparametric modeling framework to map temporal AGB baselines. Eighteen candidate models, formulated using different combinations of LiDAR and Landsat metrics, revealed that the model using both Landsat and LiDAR metrics consistently performed better than the alternative models. The RMSE of the model using both Landsat and LiDAR was 27.2 Mg ha−1, against 31.39 Mg ha−1 for the model using only LiDAR metrics. We conclude that the fitted Landsat-based model (RMSE = 47.64 Mg ha−1) provides acceptable accuracy for the 1990-baseline mapping of AGB. Résumé. Les archives accessibles au public d'images Landsat et l'augmentation des acquisitions LiDAR à l'échelle régionale offrent l'opportunité d'évaluer périodiquement la biomasse forestière aérienne «aboveground forest biomass (AGB)»de 1990 jusqu’à nos jours pour répondre aux besoins de rapports des inventaires nationaux de gaz à effet de serre (NGHGIs). Cette étude a intégré des données de séries temporelles Landsat, un ensemble de données LiDAR couvrant l'État et une série récente provenant des archives de l'inventaire forestier national «national forest inventory (NFI)»du Minnesota, aux États-Unis, pour obtenir un inventaire spatialement explicite de la AGB sur un grand domaine spatiotemporel, depuis le référentiel de 1990 utilisé par le NGHGI des États-Unis. Les modèles polynomiaux au niveau du pixel ont été ajustés à 6 mesures de séries temporelles de données Landsat pour obtenir des prédicteurs ajustés qui ont finalement été couplés avec les données de le NFI dans un cadre de modélisation non paramétrique pour cartographier les référentiels temporels de la AGB. Dix-huit modèles candidats formulés en utilisant différentes combinaisons des mesures de LiDAR et Landsat ont révélé que le modèle utilisant à la fois des mesures de Landsat et LiDAR a toujours une meilleure performance que les autres modèles. La REQM «root mean square error (RMSE)» du modèle utilisant à la fois Landsat et LiDAR était de 27,2 Mg ha−1, contre 31,39 Mg ha−1 pour le modèle utilisant seulement des mesures de LiDAR. Nous concluons que le modèle ajusté basé sur Landsat (RMSE = 47,64 Mg ha−1) fournit une précision acceptable pour la cartographie du référentiel de 1990 de l'AGB.
Understanding Concurrent Transmissions

MICHAEL BADDELEY, Secure Systems Research Center, Technology Innovation Institute, UAE CARLO ALBERTO BOANO, Institute of Technical Informatics, Graz University of Technology, Austria ANTONIO ESCOBAR-MOLERO, RedNodeLabs UG, Germany YE LIU, College of Artiicial Intelligence, Nanjing Agricultural University, China XIAOYUAN MA, SKF Group, China VICTOR MAROT, University of Bristol, United Kingdom USMAN RAZA,Waymap Ltd., United Kingdom KAY RÖMER, Institute of Technical Informatics, Graz University of Technology, Austria MARKUS SCHUSS, Institute of Technical Informatics, Graz University of Technology, Austria ALEKSANDAR STANOEV, Bristol Research and Innovation Lab, Toshiba Europe Ltd., United Kingdom
Comparing Sparse and Dense Optical Flow Methods to Detect Traffic Anomalies, Based on Orientation

In intelligent traffic systems, it is often important to detect anomalous events in order to facilitate the avoidance of accidents and the improvement of traffic safety. Automatic anomaly detection helps human operators in detecting anomalous traffic events. For this study vehicle orientation is proposed as an approach to recognize anomalous events in traffic situations, by analyzing traffic surveillance video images. The study also compares the use of sparse optical flow and dense optical flow methods to obtain orientation features. A One-Class Support Vector Machine model is built to classify feature points into anomalous or “usual” events. Experiments conducted have demonstrated that the proposed method could reliably detect recorded anomalous events, such as vehicles driving against the traffic direction or committing illegal lane crossings.
Correlation Between Social Media and Non-Technical Business Process Management in Small and Medium Enterprises

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) have an essential role in economic development, so business people must be able to adapt to market and technology developments. Regarding the issue of the implementation of information technology, one of the innovations currently widely used in SMEs is the implementation of social media, so it is important to identify aspects of social media usage. Previous theoretical and empirical evidence has revealed that the Technology-Organizational-Environment (TOE) framework has become a popular model for examining various issues of implementing information technology innovations and finding antecedents in the information systems domain. Besides the implementation of social media, the existence of Business Process Management (BPM) in SMEs plays an important role in maintaining the efficiency and effectiveness of the organization's operations. BPM is an involved process and requires many technical and non-technical capability aspects. Most previous research focused on the technical capability aspects of business processes less successfully applied in Indonesian SME conditions. This study aims to analyze the non-technical capabilities of BPM that have yet to be studied in previous research. The data was collected by analyzing the results of interviews and observations on two garment SMEs in Surabaya, Indonesia. The contribution of this research is to provide new knowledge and studies on the relationship of the non-technical capabilities of BPM to the implementation of social media in SMEs. The results show the linkage between non-technical capabilities aspects and the implementation of social media in information search and sharing, marketing and branding, and playing an important role in customer relations.
Cardiac Intensive Care

Pediatric Critical Care Medicine www.pccmjournal. org 139 Objectives: Recent data have suggested a link between plasma transfusion and the development of nosocomial infections in critically ill children. However, to our knowledge, no study has specifically focused on this association among children undergoing cardiac surgery. Thus, the main objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between plasma transfusion after cardiac surgery and the risk of nosocomial infections, including bloodstream infections, mediastinitis, and ventilator-associated pneumonia, in children younger than 1 year. Design: Observational single-center study. Setting: A 12-bed tertiary PICU in a university hospital in France. Patients: Children less than 1 year admitted after cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass between November 2007 and December 2012. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: Data from 233 children were analyzed, of which 94 children (40%) had been transfused with plasma during their PICU stay. Fifty-six episodes of nosocomial infections (51 children) were reported, yielding a nosocomial infection ratio of 24%. The unadjusted odds ratio for developing nosocomial infections associated with plasma transfusion was 4.1 (95% CI, 2.1–7.9; p < 0.001). After adjusting for a propensity score, there was no difference between the two groups (adjusted odds ratio, 1.5; 95% CI, 0.5–4.0; p = 0.5). Conclusion: Plasma transfusion following cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass was not independently associated with the development of nosocomial infections in children (< 1 yr old) after adjustment for a propensity score. (Pediatr Crit Care Med 2015; 16:139–145)
BERD+: A Generic Sequential Recommendation Framework by Eliminating Unreliable Data with Item- and Atribute-level Signals

YATONG SUN, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, China; School of Computing, Macquarie University, Australia XIAOCHUN YANG, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, China ZHU SUN*, Institute of High Performance Computing; Centre for Frontier AI Research, A*STAR, Singapore BINWANG*, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, China; National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization, China; Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry (Northeastern University), Ministry of Education, China
Extraction and in vitro active evaluation of essential oil of Acorus tatarinowii Schott rhizome rich in β-asarone using enzymatic pretreatment and solvent-free microwave-assisted method

Abstract The essential oil from fresh rhizomes of Acorus tatarinowii Schott was obtained using the EP-SFM method (an enzymatic pretreatment and solvent-free microwave-assisted method) and characterized. The optimal conditions for essential oil extraction have been obtained experimentally through experiments on single-factor and response surface-based optimization. The highest essential oil content (1.48%, w/w) was obtained under the optimal conditions by SEM, TGA, FTIR, GC-MS and acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity analysis in vitro assay. The EP-SFM method was found to be effective in improving the extraction rate of essential oils and reducing extraction time, as indicated by the results. More importantly, this method greatly increased the active component content of β-asarone (65.87%), and the content of β-asarone was increased by 18.06% compared with the conventional steam distillation method (SD). The acetylcholinesterase inhibiting activity of EP-SFM essential oil was evaluated as well, which had the best acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity and was closest to the positive control group.
Sensitivity of Arctic Surface Temperature to Including a Comprehensive Ocean Interior Reflectance to the Ocean Surface Albedo Within the Fully Coupled CESM2

Almost all current climate models simplify the ocean surface albedo (OSA) by assuming the reflected solar energy without the ocean interior contribution. In this study, an improved ocean surface albedo scheme is incorporated into the Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2) to assess the sensitivity of Arctic surface temperature to including ocean interior reflectance to the OSA. Fully coupled CESM2 simulations with and without ocean interior reflectance are subsequently performed, we focus on the analysis of Arctic surface temperature responses. Incorporating ocean interior reflectance increases absorbed solar radiation and warms the ocean, enhancing seasonal heat storage and release across the Arctic Ocean, and increasing sea ice reduction and positive climate feedbacks that elevates Arctic surface temperature. Seasonal variations in air‐surface temperature differences induce changes in turbulent heat flux patterns, concurrently modifying dynamic advection and moisture processes that affect boundary layer humidity and low clouds, especially in winter. Based on partitioning physical processes in the thermodynamic energy equation, surface air warming is induced primarily through positive heating anomalies of vertical advection, latent heat release, and longwave radiative forcing. Through an examination of the surface energy budget, skin temperature warming is driven predominantly by increased downward longwave radiation, positive surface albedo feedback in summer, and increased conductive heat transport from the ocean particularly in winter. Significant effects of ocean interior reflectance on the Arctic Ocean, including sea surface warming and sea ice reduction, justify the importance of ocean interior reflectance in climate models for better understanding of ongoing Arctic climate changes.
The Effects of Shallow Cumulus Cloud Shape on Interactions Among Clouds and Mixing With Near‐Cloud Environments

Cloud lifecycles are influenced by interactions among clouds and mixing with cloud‐free environments. Cloud shapes dictate the length of cloud boundaries, which affects these interactions. This study uses a large eddy simulation to examine the relationships between the shallow cumulus cloud shapes, processes at their boundaries, and lifecycles. To characterize the shape of clouds, two metrics are newly defined: one reflects the overall horizontal cloud shape, and the other defines the cloud edge irregularity. Simulated clouds experience increased irregularity, but little changes in aspect ratio. Irregularity‐driven cloud perimeter growth strongly indicates cloud splitting, with a more pronounced effect than aspect ratio‐driven perimeter growth. Smaller cloud‐shell gradients of properties across cloud boundaries are associated with more irregular clouds, suggesting enhanced mixing of clouds with the cloud‐free environment. These findings indicate that the shallow cumulus evolution is partly driven by the irregularity of the cloud edge through lateral mixing and cloud splitting.
Formulations and Diffusivity Coefficients of the 2D Depth‐Averaged Advection‐Diffusion Models: A Literature Review

This article reviews the mathematical formulations of the depth‐integrated advection‐diffusion equation used so far for modeling scalar transport and mixing in shallow environmental flows. It also summarizes the main approaches developed to evaluate the diffusivity tensor in such models. Remarkably, seven different formulations were found for the depth‐averaged advection‐diffusion equation, and eight distinct approaches have been used for determining the coefficients of the diffusivity tensor. Besides, only a minority of the reviewed studies report calibration of the diffusivity tensor against experimental or field observations. The fragmentation of existing methodologies exhibits a lack of scientific consensus. Promising approaches are highlighted and possible paths for improving the calibration, validation and transferability of the diffusivity coefficients are outlined.
Linked OXTR Variants Are Associated with Social Behavior Differences in Bonobos (Pan paniscus)

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in forkhead box protein P2 (FOXP2) and oxytocin receptor (OXTR) genes have been associated with linguistic and social development in humans, as well as to symptom severity in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Studying biobehavioral mechanisms in the species most closely related to humans can provide insights into the origins of human communication, and the impact of genetic variation on complex behavioral phenotypes. Here, we aimed to determine if bonobos (Pan paniscus) exhibit individual variation in FOXP2 and OXTR loci that have been associated with human social development and behavior. Although the ASD-related variants were reported in 13-41% of the human population, we did not find variation at these loci in our sample of 13 bonobos. However, we did identify a novel variant in bonobo FOXP2, as well as four novel variants in bonobo OXTR that were 17-184 base pairs from the human ASD variants. We also found the same linked, homozygous allelic combination across the 4 novel OXTR SNPs (homozygous TGTC) in 6 of the 13 bonobos, indicating that this combination may be under positive selection. When comparing the combined OXTR genotypes, we found significant group differences in social behavior; bonobos with zero copies of the TGTC combination were less social than bonobos with one copy of the TGTC combination. Taken together, our findings suggest that these OXTR variants may influence individual-level social behavior in bonobos and support the notion that linked genetic variants are promising risk factors for social communication deficits in humans.
Campycins are novel broad spectrum antibacterials killing Campylobacter jejuni by targeting the essential major outer membrane protein (MOMP)

Pyocins are high molecular weight bacteriocins produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa that can be retargeted to new bacterial species by exchanging the pyocin tail fibers with bacteriophage receptor binding proteins (RBPs). Here, we develop retargeted pyocins called campycins as new antibacterials to specifically and effectively kill the major foodborne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni. We used two diverse RBPs (H-fibers) encoded by CJIE1 prophages found in the genomes of C. jejuni strains CAMSA2147 and RM1221 to construct Campycin 1 and Campycin 2, respectively. Together Campycin 1 and 2 could target all C. jejuni strains tested due to complementary antibacterial spectrums. In addition, both campycins led to more than 3 log reductions in C. jejuni counts under microaerobic conditions at 42°C, whereas the killing efficiency was less efficient under anaerobic conditions at 5°C. We furthermore discovered that both H-fibers used to construct the campycins bind to the essential major outer membrane protein (MOMP) present in all C. jejuni, in a strain specific manner. Protein sequence alignment and structural modelling suggest that the highly variable extracellular loops of MOMP form the binding sites of the diverse H-fibers. Further in silico analyses of 5000 MOMP sequences suggest that the protein fall into three major clades predicted to be targeted by either Campycin 1 or Campycin 2. Thus, campycins are promising antibacterials against C. jejuni expected to broadly target numerous strains of this human pathogen found in nature and agriculture. IMPORTANCE Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial foodborne gastroenteritis and responsible for more than 800 million cases globally each year posing a continuous risk to human health and a huge economic and societal burden. Here, we developed re-targeted R2 pyocins (campycins) as novel antibacterials against C. jejuni by using the receptor binding proteins of CJIE1 prophages observed in many C. jejuni genomes. Notably, campycins broadly target the highly variable yet essential major outer membrane protein (MOMP), and result in more than 3-log reductions in C. jejuni counts under conditions promoting bacterial growth. We therefore propose that campycins have the potential to lower C. jejuni colonization levels in the chicken gut, the main reservoir and cause of human disease, representing a novel efficient antibacterial solution specifically developed to target this widespread foodborne pathogen.