Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A PRECISE CLUSTER MASS PROFILE AVERAGED FROM THE HIGHEST-QUALITY LENSING DATA

We outline our methods for obtaining high-precision mass profiles, combining independent weak-lensing distortion, magnification, and strong-lensing measurements. For massive clusters, the strong- and weak-lensing regimes contribute equal logarithmic coverage of the radial profile. The utility of high-quality data is limited by the cosmic noise from large-scale structure along the line of sight. This noise is overcome when stacking clusters, as too are the effects of cluster asphericity and substructure, permitting a stringent test of theoretical models. We derive a mean radial mass profile of four similar mass clusters of high-quality Hubble Space Telescope and Subaru images, in the range R = 40–2800 kpc h−1, where the inner radial boundary is sufficiently large to avoid smoothing from miscentering effects. The stacked mass profile is detected at 58σ significance over the entire radial range, with the contribution from the cosmic noise included. We show that the projected mass profile has a continuously steepening gradient out to beyond the virial radius, in remarkably good agreement with the standard Navarro–Frenk–White form predicted for the family of cold dark matter (CDM) dominated halos in gravitational equilibrium. The central slope is constrained to lie in the range, −dln ρ/dln r = 0.89+0.27− 0.39. The mean concentration is cvir = 7.68+0.42− 0.40 (at Mvir = 1.54+0.11− 0.10 × 1015 M☉ h−1), which is high for relaxed, high-mass clusters, but consistent with ΛCDM when a sizable projection bias estimated from N-body simulations is considered. This possible tension will be more definitively explored with new cluster surveys, such as CLASH, LoCuSS, Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam, and XXM-XXL, to construct the cvir–Mvir relation over a wider mass range.
Why so few choose physics: An alternative explanation for the leaky pipeline

t in tices s, I imsics oys ven lled rerinces colannse sssit, f ale two of ight t. ’’ sics s/he riich yses tuucics pact sics lab, and n d Recent remarks by Harvard University Preside Lawrence Summers have sparked controversy. 1 However, the notion that the ‘‘very substantial under-representation’’ women in physics is explained by the ‘‘intrinsic’’ deficien cies of ‘‘available aptitude’’ is hardly novel. 2 Indeed, as recently as 1990, in a piece titled ‘‘Women—why so few? , 3
Heterogeneous Cluster-Based Information-Centric Sensor Networks With User Security Satisfaction

In heterogeneous cluster-based information-centric wireless sensor networks (ICWSNs), sensor nodes acquire different application-specific data. They are clustered based on proximity, where cluster heads (CHs) act as cache nodes. Meanwhile, grouping sensor nodes based on the information type gathered can improve the ICWSN performance. Motivated by the heterogeneous nature of ICWSNs, application-specific communities can be formed within each cluster, where community leaders (CLs) can be selected to cache application-specific data. In this case, CHs gather aggregated data from CLs rather than basic sensing nodes. However, this creates an issue of the energy–latency and security tradeoff and affects user security satisfaction. In this work, we propose solving this issue by studying cluster-based ICWSNs with heterogeneous communities and comparing them to conventional heterogeneous cluster-based ICWSNs. Based on the formulated analytical model, we then propose SLAC-H, a security-level-aware CHs’ and CLs’ selection algorithm for cluster-based ICWSNs with heterogeneous communities. SLAC-H addresses the energy–latency and security issue by optimizing energy and coverage supported by sensor nodes in a cluster-based ICWSN with heterogeneous communities subject to security constraints. Simulation results show that compared to existing works, SLAC-H achieves lower latency and energy consumption while fulfilling higher user security satisfaction.
Limit theorems for the spectra of ID random Schrödinger operator

Let be an one-dimensional Schrödinger operator on L 2 ([0, L]) with classical boundary conditions (say, ψ (0) = ψ (L) = 0 at t = 0, t = L. ) Assume that the random potential q (·) has a Markov structure: q (t, ω) = F (xt), where xt , t ≥ 0 is a Brownian motion on the Euclidean ν-dimensional torus Tν and F : Tν → R is a smooth Morse type function on Tν . We can assume also that min F (·) = 0. Operator HL has the discrete spectrum Put (the last limit exists P-a.s.). The goal of the paper is the studying of the fluctuations We prove that the distributions of the process (where λ plays now a role of the time parameter) converge for L → ∞ weakly in C (0, ∞) to the distribution of the (continuous and Gaussian) process N ∗ (λ). The limiting process N ∗ (λ) has the non-degenerated densities of the finite dimensional distributions and its increments are locally "almost independent".
Biallelic Variants in Seven Different Genes Associated with Clinically Suspected Bardet–Biedl Syndrome

Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare clinically and genetically heterogeneous autosomal recessive multi-systemic disorder with 22 known genes. The primary clinical and diagnostic features include six different hallmarks, such as rod–cone dystrophy, learning difficulties, renal abnormalities, male hypogonadism, post-axial polydactyly, and obesity. Here, we report nine consanguineous families and a non-consanguineous family with several affected individuals presenting typical clinical features of BBS. In the present study, 10 BBS Pakistani families were subjected to whole exome sequencing (WES), which revealed novel/recurrent gene variants, including a homozygous nonsense mutation (c.94C>T; p.Gln32Ter) in the IFT27 (NM_006860.5) gene in family A, a homozygous nonsense mutation (c.160A>T; p.Lys54Ter) in the BBIP1 (NM_001195306.1) gene in family B, a homozygous nonsense variant (c.720C>A; p.Cys240Ter) in the WDPCP (NM_015910.7) in family C, a homozygous nonsense variant (c.505A>T; p.Lys169Ter) in the LZTFL1 (NM_020347.4) in family D, pathogenic homozygous 1 bp deletion (c.775delA; p.Thr259Leufs*21) in the MKKS/BBS5 (NM_170784.3) gene in family E, a pathogenic homozygous missense variant (c.1339G>A; p.Ala447Thr) in BBS1 (NM_024649.4) in families F and G, a pathogenic homozygous donor splice site variant (c.951+1G>A; p? ) in BBS1 (NM_024649.4) in family H, a pathogenic bi-allelic nonsense variant in MKKS (NM_170784.3) (c.119C>G; p.Ser40*) in family I, and homozygous pathogenic frameshift variants (c.196delA; p.Arg66Glufs*12) in BBS5 (NM_152384.3) in family J. Our findings extend the mutation and phenotypic spectrum of four different types of ciliopathies causing BBS and also support the importance of these genes in the development of multi-systemic human genetic disorders.
Comments on "Some Conditions on Zeros to Avoid Step-Response Extrema"-Part I1

This paper gives a correct version of Theorem 2 of the above-mentioned paper. ’ In Theorem 2 of the above-mentioned paper,’ relation R is defined as inequality, and it gives two more conditions. In the theorem, however, relation R has to be defined as a one-to-one correspondence relationship since the theorem deals with finite and infinite zeros. In this case, the number of zeros is the same as that of poles. some trivial results which seemed unknown as can be seen from very recent related works [ 5 ] , [61. Nevertheless, the author believes that the results in [1]-[4] are given in an ad hoc manner and that, in contrast, Theorem 2 in the paper gives the designer a better insight and a systematic way by means of the system’s poles and zeros. Although the intention should have been clear from the context of the paper, we give a new statement of Theorem 2 in light of the second comment. Theorem 2: Let G(s) be an irreducible transfer function with r i finite and infinite stable zeros zz{l<z<n: and n real stable poles p J ST% ) , Then the step-response of G ( s ) has no extremum for t > 0 if there exists a one-to-one correpondance R satifying the following condition:
A data-driven persistence test for robust (probabilistic) quality control of measured environmental time series: constant value episodes

Abstract. Robust quality control is a prerequisite and an essential component in any data application. That is especially important for time series of environmental observations such as air quality due to their dynamic and irreversible nature. One of the common issues in these data is constant value episodes (CVEs), where a set of consecutive data values remains constant over a given period. Although CVEs are often considered to be an indicator of sensor failure or other measurement errors and are removed during quality control procedures, there are situations when CVEs reflect natural environmental phenomena, and they should not be removed from the data or analysis. Assessing whether the CVEs are erroneous data or valid observations is a challenge. As there are no formal procedures established for this, their classification is based on subjective judgment and is therefore uncertain and irreproducible. This paper presents a novel test procedure, i.e., constant value test, to estimate the probability of CVEs being valid data. The theoretical foundation of this test is based on statistical characteristics and probability theory and takes into account the numerical precision of the data values. The test is a data-driven (parametric) approach, which makes it usable for time series analysis in different environmental research domains, as long as serial dependency is given and the data distribution is not too different from Gaussian. The robustness of the test was demonstrated with sensitivity studies using synthetic data with different distributions. Example applications to measured air temperature and ozone mixing ratio data confirm the versatility of the test.
Estimating Travel Time Distribution for Reliability Analysis

With increasing mobility, users are more sensitive to the variability of travel time. Therefore, travel time reliability has become an important performance measure for transportation facilities. A variety of performance measures have been proposed to quantify reliability. Many of these indicators are based on percentiles of travel time. A good knowledge of the distribution of travel time is needed to properly estimate these values. If there were no congestion, travel time would be estimated by a Normal distribution. Congestion, however, distorts the distribution and another statistical distribution is needed to model travel time reliability. Different distributions are presented in the literature as the best way to model the travel time distribution. The impact of the use of distributions of individual or aggregated travel times on a period is discussed. This paper presents a comparison of six statistical distributions used to model travel time thus its reliability. These six distributions are the Lognormal, Gamma, Burr, Weibull, Normal Mixture (a mixture of two Normal distributions) and Gamma Mixture (a mixture of two Gamma distributions). Tests were conducted to identify the parameters of these different statistical distributions which fit best with the travel time empirical distribution. Tests are conducted on the basis of real time data collected on a three kilometer weaving section of the A4-A86 French motorway. Analyses are conducted with regards to the percentiles of travel time which are the most used for the travel time reliability assessment.
The Merensky Reef; thoughts on its environment and genesis

The Bushveld Complex follows well-established crystallization sequences on local and secular scales, although sequences indicated by chill-facies melting experiments are transiently represented in the earliest cumulates. Evidence for an early ultrabasic magma existing in the complex is presented.The earliest Critical Zone sedimentation produced thick isomodal orthopyroxene layers interspersed with chromite seams owing their origin to cyclic iron enrichment of the bottom magmas isolated from the main magma volume. By contrast, later accumulation was as cyclic mineral-graded units containing inherent cumulus chromite. A precursor to Main Zone-type cyclicity--pyroxene(s): plagioclase--is also represented. Rhythmic "mix-layering"--chromite: plagioclase--is postulated as being caused by tectonically triggered magma turbulence which mingles cyclicity end members and winnows them into pure cumulate layers.Magmatic sedimentation in the remarkably persistent mineral-graded Merensky unit was profoundly influenced by regional predepositional or contemporaneous footwall arching in the eastern and western compartments of the complex.In the uppermost Critical Zone, anorthosites show remarkable persistency in thickness. Evidence is presented that plagioclase floated repeatedly to temperature-density-compositional inversions, thereby forming anorthosite mats which entrapped successive magmas and volatiles beneath them. Plagioclase removal basified the entrapped magmas while the volatiles fostered rapid ferromagnesium mineral growth and aggregation into boulder-like masses. In the Merensky unit these boulders sank in the magma, dimpled the early-formed chromite layer and formed the basal pegmatoid reef. Chromite settling, interrupted by pyroxene crystallization, depleted iron from the magma, thus increasing f (sub S 2 ) and producing immiscible sulfides which collected the platinoids accumulated via the inter-cumulus fluid from the base of the complex.
AN INTERNAL ENVIRONMENTAL SCANNING PROGRAM FOR RICHLAND FIRE & EMERGENCY SERVICES

Today’s fire service exists in a turbulent environment. Emerging trends, issues, and events impose significant threats and opportunities that an unprepared department can only react to. Conducting an organizational analysis enables fire service leaders to understand how the organization will adapt, what it will take to succeed in the future, and how it must change to be positioned for success. To do so effectively requires evaluation of capacities and resources, and understanding of the strengths and weaknesses that will influence its ability to adjust to change. The department can be positioned to maximize opportunities, minimize threats, and influence events. The problem was that the Richland Fire and Emergency Services could not effectively strategically plan without an established process to evaluate the department’s strengths and weaknesses. The purpose of this research was to assess methods and programs for internal environmental scanning in order to systematically analyze the department. This study utilized an action method of research. The research questions were: 1. What is internal environmental scanning? 2. What quantitative and qualitative information needs to be assessed? 3. What are the benefits of an internal environmental scanning program to a fire department? 4. How do fire departments gather strategic intelligence from their members? 5. How can employee surveys be used effectively in an internal environmental scanning program? The procedures involved an extensive literature review. Surveys were conducted to determine how the fire service gathers strategic intelligence and to test the use of a survey instrument. An Internal Environmental Scanning Program (IESP) was developed. The results showed that a fire department could expect to effectively use an IESP. The implementation of the full IESP is recommended for the Richland Fire Department. Further it is recommended that the NFA include IESP design in its Change Management courses. As other departments implement, evaluate, and refine their programs an industry database of successful methods to strategically prepare for emerging trends, issues and events could be shared.
GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM SUGARCANE SOILS AND NITROGEN FERTILISER MANAGEMENT: II By

Emissions of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) from a sugarcane crop have been measured for the whole of the 2005–2006 growing season of 342 days. The investigation employed chambers and micrometeorological techniques. The ratoon crop, grown on an acid sulfate soil (ASS) at Murwillumbah NSW, received 160 kg urea-N/ha. Rainfall for the period was 1879 mm so that the soil was frequently wet. Soil respiration over the season was 29.8 t/ha of CO2 and the CO2 sequestered from the atmosphere was 51.4 t/ha. Soil respiration thus amounted to 37% of the net assimilation by the crop. Soil moisture conditions were near optimal for N2O production through both nitrification and denitrification and emissions were large and prolonged, totalling 45.9 kgN/ha over the 342 days and persisting at substantial rates for 5 months. Emissions from unfertilised plots totalled 11.3 kgN/ha. The corresponding emission factor for N2O was thus 22% of the fertliliser N applied. The N2O several times higher than those measured for other sugarcane soils. Also in contrast to other sugarcane soils, ASS appear to be sources of CH4, not sinks. The average emission rate over the season was 0.154 kg/ha/d, which is 2 to 10% of rates for rice and wetlands. For the growing season, the net sequestering of CO2 by the crop from the atmosphere of 51.4 t/ha was offset by the emission to the atmosphere of 23 t/ha CO2-e through N2O and CH4.
Toxoplasma gondii harbors a hypoxia-responsive coproporphyrinogen dehydrogenase-like protein

Toxoplasma gondii is an apicomplexan parasite that is the cause of toxoplasmosis, a potentially lethal disease for immunocompromised individuals. During in vivo infection, the parasites encounter various growth environments, such as hypoxia. Therefore, the metabolic enzymes in the parasites must adapt to such changes to fulfill their nutritional requirements. Toxoplasma can de novo biosynthesize some nutrients, such as heme. The parasites heavily rely on their own heme production for intracellular survival. Notably, the antepenultimate step within this pathway is facilitated by coproporphyrinogen III oxidase (CPOX), which employs oxygen to convert coproporphyrinogen III to protoporphyrinogen IX through oxidative decarboxylation. Conversely, some bacteria can accomplish this conversion independently of oxygen through coproporphyrinogen dehydrogenase (CPDH). Genome analysis found a CPDH ortholog in Toxoplasma. The mutant Toxoplasma lacking CPOX displays significantly reduced growth, implying that TgCPDH potentially functions as an alternative enzyme to perform the same reaction as CPOX under low oxygen conditions. In this study, we demonstrated that TgCPDH exhibits coproporphyrinogen dehydrogenase activity by complementing it in a heme synthesis-deficient Salmonella mutant. Additionally, we observed an increase in TgCPDH expression in Toxoplasma when it grew under hypoxic conditions. However, deleting TgCPDH in both wildtype and heme-deficient parasites did not alter their intracellular growth under both ambient and low oxygen conditions. This research marks the first report of a coproporphyrinogen dehydrogenase-like protein in eukaryotic cells. Although TgCPDH responds to hypoxic conditions and possesses enzymatic activity, our findings suggest that it does not directly affect intracellular infection or the pathogenesis of Toxoplasma parasites. IMPORTANCE Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous parasite capable of infecting a wide range of warm-blooded hosts, including humans. During its lifecycle, these parasites must adapt to varying environmental conditions, including situations with low oxygen levels. Our research, in conjunction with studies conducted by other laboratories, has revealed that Toxoplasma primarily relies on its own heme production during acute infections. Intriguingly, in addition to this classical heme biosynthetic pathway, the parasites encode a putative oxygen-independent coproporphyrinogen dehydrogenase, suggesting its potential contribution to heme production under varying oxygen conditions, a feature typically observed in simpler organisms like bacteria. Notably, so far, coproporphyrinogen dehydrogenase has only been identified in some bacteria for heme biosynthesis. Our study discovered that Toxoplasma harbors a functional enzyme displaying coproporphyrinogen dehydrogenase activity, which alters its expression in the parasites when they face fluctuating oxygen levels in their surroundings.
Moduli Spaces and Formal Operads

Let Mg,l be the moduli space of stable algebraic curves of genus g with l marked points. With the operations which relate the different moduli spaces identifying marked points, the family (Mg,l)g,l is a modular operad of projective smooth Deligne-Mumford stacks, M. In this paper we prove that the modular operad of singular chains C? (M;Q) is formal; so it is weakly equivalent to the modular operad of its homology H? (M;Q). As a consequence, the “up to homotopy” algebras of these two operads are the same. To obtain this result we prove a formality theorem for operads analogous to Deligne-Grifiths-Morgan-Sullivan formality theorem, the existence of minimal models of modular operads, and a characterization of formality for operads which shows that formality is independent of the ground field.
DCCS: Double Circular Caching Scheme for DRAM/PRAM Hybrid Cache

DRAM is widely adopted as a cache for secondary storage due to its small access latency. Compared with DRAM, PRAM draws a lot of attention recently, since it provides higher density and has no need to refresh the capacitor charge periodically. The non-volatile nature of PRAM can even reduce compulsory miss, which cannot be avoided by DRAM cache. However, PRAM cache cannot replace DRAM cache due to its endurance issue. Thus DRAM/PRAM hybrid cache becomes a good alternative for traditional DRAM cache. Least recently used (LRU) replacement algorithm and CLOCK-Pro algorithm work well for traditional DRAM cache. But these algorithms shall not be directly applied to DRAM/PRAM hybrid cache since the characteristics of PRAM are not considered. This paper proposed a double circular caching scheme (DCCS) to manage DRAM/PRAM hybrid cache. In our scheme, cached data migrate between DRAM cache and PRAM cache adaptively to achieve good hit ratio while frequent writes to PRAM cache are avoided for endurance concern. The experimental results showed that our scheme can reduce up to 87.10 percent PRAM write accesses for readintensive access pattern and up to 44.90 percent energy consumption for write-intensive access pattern, compared with other caching schemes.
Evaluation of Thermal Stress in Carbon/Glass Hybrid and Glass Nanocomposite under Resistive Heating

iv DEDICATION . vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . vii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS . xi LIST OF TABLES . xiii LIST OF ABREVIATIONS AND NOTATIONS . xiv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 A. Background . 1 B. Thermal Stress during Resistive Heating . 4 C. Problem Definition . 6 D. Research Objectives . 9 a) Specific Need . 9 b) Technology Gap . 9 E. Research Methodology . 10 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW . 12 CHAPTER 3: METHODS . 18 A. Finite Element Method Model . 18 a) Creating Model in ABAQUS® . 19