Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Protease Inhibitor and Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Concentrations in the Genital Tract of HIV-1-Infected Women

The pharmacokinetics of antiretrovirals (ARVs) in the female genital tract (FGT) are likely to influence vertical and sexual transmission of HIV, the development of viral resistance, and post-exposure prophylaxis regimens. This study is the first to compare ARV concentrations in direct aspirates of cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) and blood plasma (BP). This unique method provides direct assessment of concentrations without the confounding of cervicovaginal lavage dilution. Of 8 ARVs, CVF concentrations ranged from <10% to >100% of BP concentrations. These large differences in CVF penetration suggest that further research into ARV pharmacokinetics and drug efficacy in the FGT is necessary.
Limits to modularity : a review of the literature and evidence from chip design

This working paper has been prepared as part of the East-West Center's research project on Globalization of Knowledge Work: Why is Chip Design Moving to Asia. In this paper, Dieter assesses what we know about the limits to modularity and their impact on firm organization and industry structure. He focuses on evidence form chip design, drawing on interview on 2002 and 2003 with a sample of 60 companies and 15 research institutions that are involved in chip design in the US, Taiwan, Korea, China and Malaysia. It is summarized "stylized" propositions of the modularity literature that are well-established, as well as predictions that are controversial. In addition, important limits to modularity and relevant management responses were reviewed.
2016 MASCC and ESMO guideline update for the prevention of chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and of nausea and vomiting in advanced cancer patients.

F. Roila1, A. Molassiotis2, J. Herrstedt3, M. Aapro4, R. J. Gralla5, E. Bruera6, R. A. Clark-Snow7, L. L. Dupuis8, L. H. Einhorn9, P. Feyer10, P. J. Hesketh11, K. Jordan12, I. Olver13, B. L. Rapoport14, J. Roscoe15, C. H. Ruhlmann3, D. Walsh16, D. Warr17 & M. van der Wetering18 on behalf of the participants of the MASCC/ESMO Consensus Conference Copenhagen 2015* Medical Oncology, Santa Maria Hospital, Terni, Italy; School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China SAR; Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Clinique de Genolier, Multidisciplinary Oncology Institute, Genolier, Switzerland; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, New York; Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Westwood, Kansas, USA; Department of Pharmacy and Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Division of Hematology–Oncology, Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Vivantes Clinics, Neukoelln, Berlin, Germany; Lahey Health Cancer Institute, Burlington, USA; Department of Hematology/Oncology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittemberg, Halle, Germany; Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, USA; Academic Department of Palliative Medicine, Our Lady’s Hospice and Care Services, Dublin, Ireland; Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada; Department of Paediatric Oncology, Emma Children’s Hospital/Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Activation of sensory cortex by imagined genital stimulation: an fMRI analysis

Background During the course of a previous study, our laboratory made a serendipitous finding that just thinking about genital stimulation resulted in brain activations that overlapped with, and differed from, those generated by physical genital stimulation. Objective This study extends our previous findings by further characterizing how the brain differentially processes physical ‘touch’ stimulation and ‘imagined’ stimulation. Design Eleven healthy women (age range 29–74) participated in an fMRI study of the brain response to imagined or actual tactile stimulation of the nipple and clitoris. Two additional conditions – imagined dildo self-stimulation and imagined speculum stimulation – were included to characterize the effects of erotic versus non-erotic imagery. Results Imagined and tactile self-stimulation of the nipple and clitoris each activated the paracentral lobule (the genital region of the primary sensory cortex) and the secondary somatosensory cortex. Imagined self-stimulation of the clitoris and nipple resulted in greater activation of the frontal pole and orbital frontal cortex compared to tactile self-stimulation of these two bodily regions. Tactile self-stimulation of the clitoris and nipple activated the cerebellum, primary somatosensory cortex (hand region), and premotor cortex more than the imagined stimulation of these body regions. Imagining dildo stimulation generated extensive brain activation in the genital sensory cortex, secondary somatosensory cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, insula, nucleus accumbens, and medial prefrontal cortex, whereas imagining speculum stimulation generated only minimal activation. Conclusion The present findings provide evidence of the potency of imagined stimulation of the genitals and that the following brain regions may participate in erogenous experience: primary and secondary sensory cortices, sensory-motor integration areas, limbic structures, and components of the ‘reward system’. In addition, these results suggest a mechanism by which some individuals may be able to generate orgasm by imagery in the absence of physical stimulation.
Methods for Estimating the Case Fatality Ratio for a Novel, Emerging Infectious Disease

Abstract During the course of an epidemic of a potentially fatal disease, it is important that the case fatality ratio be well estimated. The authors propose a novel method for doing so based on the Kaplan-Meier survival procedure, jointly considering two outcomes (death and recovery), and evaluate its performance by using data from the 2003 epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong, People's Republic of China. They compare this estimate obtained at various points in the epidemic with the case fatality ratio eventually observed; with two commonly quoted, naïve estimates derived from cumulative incidence and mortality statistics at single time points; and with estimates in which a parametric mixture model is used. They demonstrate the importance of patient characteristics regarding outcome by analyzing subgroups defined by age at admission to the hospital.
The Golden Age Illusion: Rethinking Postwar Capitalism

Reassessing common interpretations of postwar economic history and geography, this book focuses on the evolution of the global economy from the 1950s to the present. It is a thorough integration of theoretical and empirical work, drawing data from around the world, with detailed studies of two advance industrialized nations--Japan and the United States; two semi-peripheral economies--Australia and Canada; and three newly industrializing countries--Brazil, South Korea, and Taiwan. The authors build on standard models of economic change to incorporate new developments in regional dynamics: they use nonlinear, nonequilibrium, and evolutionary arguments to frame discussions of profit rates, technological change, and interregional capital flows. In assessing traditional explanations of postwar economic growth and crisis, the work highlights the geographic form of postwar growth, globalization. It clearly illustrates the failure of traditional theories to adequately account for the emergence of selected newly industrializing countries. The authors conclude with a new interpretation of the global slowdown--one that emphasizes the endogenous nature of capitalist crises and demonstrates how the newly industrializing economies expanded as a result of that slowdown.
Divergent Hybrid Capitalisms in China: Hong Kong and Taiwanese Electronics Clusters in Dongguan

Abstract This article explores and compares the changing dynamics and organization of cross-border production by Hong Kong and Taiwanese electronics firms in China, on the basis of more than 40 semistructured interviews with firms from April 2005 to January 2007 in various towns of Dongguan, an emergent “global factory” in south China. Despite initial resemblances, Hong Kong and Taiwanese electronics clusters have adopted different approaches to organize their cross-border production since the late 1990s. Little systemic comparative analysis has been conducted on the causes. The divergent practices can be interpreted as differences in corporate strategies of parent and branch firms, industrial policies in Hong Kong and Taiwan, linkages with global leaders, and home-host interactions in response to the challenges of globalization. To tap into the domestic market of mainland China, Hong Kong companies have tended to become “domestic firms,” while Taiwanese companies have become wholly foreign owned and pursued a “pseudo-location” of suppliers of raw materials and components. The article concludes that more comparative studies are needed on divergent hybrid capitalisms that are driven by different sources of foreign direct investment in various host regions, so as to develop empirical insights into appropriate conceptual frameworks.
The local state under reform : a study of a county in Hainan Province, China

This dissertation studies a rural county in Hainan Province, China. It focuses on the transformation of the local state under chronic fiscal crises during the reform era. Unlike the existing · literature, which largely argues that a relatively coherent state structure exists at the local level, this dissertation examines the forces that have rendered a coherent local state problematic in post-Mao China. Borrowing and adapting Duara' s concept of state involution, the study argues that although the developments in this rural county do not entail replication and reproduction of the old patterns in state-society relations in imperial China, they do exhibit a loss of bureaucratic control, depletion of revenue, and decreasing efficiency of the local state. The main difference between state involution studied by Duara and what is presented in this study is that while in earlier regimes the revenue was lost to local brokers, today it is lost to state agencies that are part of the local state. Therefore, state involution in China today is unlikely to lead to a re~olutionary situation of the sort that prevailed in the earlier decades of the 20 Century. Rather, it represents a more gradual and controlled process of institutional decay and political decline. This study also suggests that while the local state in this rural county is not developmental, neither is it predatory. Instead of arbitrarily imposing levies on the peasants, the local state in this county has experienced great difficulties in collecting legal taxes and levies. The county and township administrations therefore have resorted to more easily tapped sources of revenue by taxing the private lottery and gambling, and have pushed budgetary expenditures off-budget. This is explained in terms of the absence of strong institutions at the village (former brigade) level in this rural county.
Developing Education and Human Resources in East Asian Knowledge-based Economies

This paper seeks to introduce some of the major issues related to the development of education and human resources in the context of a knowledge-based economy in East Asia. A competitive educational infrastructure is a pre-requisite for any knowledge-based economy to create the necessary knowledge workers. In a rapidly changing competitive world, the transformation of the educational sector is required for creating and maintaining the knowledge-based economy. In this case, this paper addresses broadly various issues related to the development of a competitive educational infrastructure in the East Asian knowledge-based economies. From the discussions and data analysis of East Asian countries in this paper, it is quite evident that the advanced knowledge-based economies such as Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore are highly successful in the development of education and human resources in the region. Furthermore, due to the demographic transition, some economies started considering foreign labor force as an additional solution to supply the necessary human resources for their economic development.
A study on investigating patient satisfaction of medical centers using Taiwan customer satisfaction index in Taiwan

The study on national customer satisfaction index model has continued to develop prosperously. Almost every developed country (including Taiwan) is planning to study or is setting up their own customer satisfaction index measurement and model. This paper aims to evaluate patient satisfaction of medical centers using the Taiwan Customer Satisfaction Index (TCSI). A survey of 1,200 patients from four medical centers in Taiwan was performed and the valid questionnaires totaled 1,046. The data was analyzed by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and the result showed that the biggest factor that impacts customer loyalty is customer satisfaction. Perceived quality and value have a positive effect on customer satisfaction. The conclusion provides valuable comment for medical centers, to develop strategies to increase their competitiveness in Taiwan. Key words: Patient satisfaction, Taiwan customer satisfaction index, medical center.
Banking Efficiency in Asia-Pacific Countries

This paper examines the cost efficiency of producing banking service and profit of banks in 11 Asia-Pacific countries namely Australia, Japan, Hong Kong, China, South Korea, Taiwan, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Indonesia and The Philippines. The selected countries are represented by the 3 largest banks ranked by market capitalization in each country. We employed Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) based on financial data of the banks between 2006 and 2010. Empirical results indicate the efficiencies of producing banking services and profit in most of the countries have increased throughout the period of study.
Strategically matching messaging to the platform: The case of “Biolabs” on Instagram, Facebook, and Reddit

An important Russian strategic disinformation campaign, early in the Ukrainian war, contended that the United States was involved in clandestine biological weapons development in Ukraine under the sign “biolabs. ” Depending on the platform, the propaganda messaging appeared differently. This study uses a multi-modal approach, featuring Image Plotting, to study the waves of messaging related involved in the biolabs campaign including both the qualitative analysis of text and the analysis of the images. Each platform includes a clear visual and textual strategy which align with known Russian strategies and multi-modal campaign operations.
NON-POTABLE WATER USE/REUSE IN SOUTH AFRICA: REVIEW AND STRATEGIC ISSUES

In many water scarce communities across the world (e.g. Gold Coast - Australia, Hong Kong – China, Islands of the Caribbean and Pacific, and Windhoek – Namibia), non-potable water use/reuses have been employed. In essence, the non-potable water source (e.g. coastal/sea/ground saline water, mine effluent, sewage effluent, and grey water) is targeted at meeting non-potable water requirements (e.g. toilet flushing, landscape and/or crop irrigation, industrial (including mining) cooling and other processes) traditionally met using potable water. This therefore frees potable water to be used for previously unmet or increasing potable water requirements. For several reasons, the use/reuse of non-potable water for non-potable water requirements has been limited in South Africa. This is despite the fact that South Africa is a chronic water scarce country (500-1000 m 3 /person/annum) approaching absolute water scarcity (<500 m 3 /person/annum). Regulatory and guideline documents at the national, provincial and municipal level to implement such an alternative have been lacking. This paper highlights a few non-potable water reuse schemes that currently exist in South Africa and the strategic issues, which if adequately attended to, will facilitate a broader acceptance of non-potable water use/reuse.
A longitudinal study of ocular biometry and vision-related quality of life in Singapore young adults

Myopia is a serious health problem that has reached epidemic levels in Asian cities such as Taiwan, South Korea, and Singapore. However, there is a lack of cross-sectional and longitudinal data on refractive error and ocular biometry in young adults, especially in Singapore. Despite the high prevalence of myopia in Singapore, vision-related quality of life (VRQOL) is also inadequately examined. This longitudinal study sets out to examine the refraction, ocular biometry and VRQOL over a 24-month period. Participants were recruited from the student pool of a tertiary education institution. Subjective refraction, ocular biometry, and accommodative response measurements were performed for participants. The NEI-RQL-42 questionnaire and a bespoke questionnaire were completed by participants. Out of 99 participants (age range 16 to 22 year) at the baseline visit, 86.8 % were myopic. The age of initial refractive correction was significantly associated with refractive error, while near work, sports activities, outdoor activities, accommodative responses, and primary school leaving examinations were not. Among the 88 participants who completed the 24 month visit, the percentage of myopes remained stable, with no increase in myopia. Ocular biometric parameters also remained stable, with only a non-clinically significant increase of 0.02mm in axial length. Non-Myopes exhibited the highest VRQOL, while Mod/High-Myopes had the lowest VRQOL. Myopia and contact lens wear were found to be the main contributors towards poorer VRQOL. VRQOL remained stable over the 24 month period, with the exception that moderate and high myopes exhibited an improvement in VRQOL on their dependence of correction. In conclusion, this study presented novel findings on stable refraction and ocular biometry in Singapore young adults over a 24 month period, which was contrary to previous findings on university students. In addition, VRQOL remained unchanged over a 24 month period, where myopia and contact lens wear were found to cause poorer VRQOL in participants.
A Thoughtful Approach to Instruction: Course Transformation for the Rest of Us

in their own courses. As a community, we must ask ourselves: How successfully are we educating all students in science? (Wieman and Perkins 2005). The data indicate that we are not where we want to be; too many undergraduates in our courses are not learning the science (Handelsman et al. 2004). We are fortunate, however, in that we have access to a growing body of research on effective ways to teach science (e.g., Bransford, Brown, and Cocking 2000; Cummings et al. 1999; Hake 1998; McDermott and Redish 1999; Redish 2003). This research tells us how we can improve student learning— through student-centered activities such as inquiry, peer instruction, and group work, plus an added focus on problem-solving ability, PH O TO G RA PH C O U RT ES Y O F TH E A U TH O RS
The Lipid Raft-Associated Protein CD 98 is Required 1 for Vaccinia Virus Endocytosis 2 3 4

3 4 Nina Schroeder, Che-Sheng Chung, Chein-Hung Chen, Chung-Lin Liao and Wen Chang 5 6 Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nangang, 7 Taipei 11529, Taiwan, Republic of China 8 2 The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nangang, 9 Taipei 11529, Taiwan, Republic of China 10 11 12 Running title: Role of CD98 in vaccinia virus entry 13 14 Corresponding author: Dr. Wen Chang 15 mbwen@ccvax.sinica. edu.tw 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Copyright © 2012, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. J. Virol. doi:10.1128/JVI.06610-11 JVI Accepts, published online ahead of print on 15 February 2012
Sexual Aggression Victimization and Perpetration among Male and Female College Students in Chile

Evidence on the prevalence of sexual aggression among college students is primarily based on studies from Western countries. In Chile, a South American country strongly influenced by the Catholic Church, little research on sexual aggression among college students is available. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to examine the prevalence of sexual aggression victimization and perpetration since the age of 14 (the legal age of consent) in a sample of male and female students aged between 18 and 29 years from five Chilean universities (N = 1135), to consider possible gender differences, and to study the extent to which alcohol was involved in the reported incidents of perpetration and victimization. Sexual aggression victimization and perpetration was measured with a Chilean Spanish version of the Sexual Aggression and Victimization Scale (SAV-S), which includes three coercive strategies (use or threat of physical force, exploitation of an incapacitated state, and verbal pressure), three victim-perpetrator constellations (current or former partners, friends/acquaintances, and strangers), and four sexual acts (sexual touch, attempted sexual intercourse, completed sexual intercourse, and other sexual acts, such as oral sex). Overall, 51.9% of women and 48.0% of men reported at least one incident of sexual victimization, and 26.8% of men and 16.5% of women reported at least one incident of sexual aggression perpetration since the age of 14. For victimization, only few gender differences were found, but significantly more men than women reported sexual aggression perpetration. A large proportion of perpetrators also reported victimization experiences. Regarding victim-perpetrator relationship, sexual aggression victimization and perpetration were more common between persons who knew each other than between strangers. Alcohol use by the perpetrator, victim, or both was involved in many incidents of sexual aggression victimization and perpetration, particularly among strangers. The present data are the first to provide a systematic and detailed picture of sexual aggression among college students in Chile, including victimization and perpetration reports by both men and women and confirming the critical role of alcohol established in past research from Western countries.
Outcome of Split Thickness Skin Grafting and Multiple Z-Plasties in Postburn Contractures of Groin and Perineum: A 15-Year Experience

Background. Groin and perineal burn contracture is a rare postburn sequel. Such postburn contractures causes distressing symptoms to the patients and in the management of these contractures, both functional and cosmetic appearance should be the primary concern. Aims. To study the outcome of surgical treatment (STSG and multiple Z-plasties) in postburn contractures of groin and perineum. Material and Methods. We conducted a study of 49 patients, with postburn groin and perineal contractures. Release of contracture with split thickness skin grafting (STSG) was done in 44 (89.79%) patients and release of contracture and closure by multiple Z-plasties was done in 5 (10.21%) patients. Results. Satisfactory functional and cosmetic outcome was seen in 44 (89.79%) patients. Minor secondary contractures of the graft were seen in 3 (6.81%) patients who were managed by physiotherapy and partial recurrence of the contracture in 4 (8.16%) patients required secondary surgery. Conclusion. We conclude that postburn contractures of the groin and perineum can be successfully treated with release of contracture followed by STSG with satisfactory functional and cosmetic results. Long term measures like regular physiotherapy, use of pressure garments, and messaging with emollient creams should not be neglected and should be instituted postoperatively to prevent secondary contractures of the graft and recurrence of the contracture.