Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pancreatic Cystic Lesions: A Focused Review on Cyst Clinicopathological Features and Advanced Diagnostics

Macroscopic, endomicroscopic, and histologic findings and correlation are an integral part of the diagnostic evaluation of pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs), as complementing morphologic features seen by different specialties are combined to contribute to a final diagnosis. However, malignancy risk stratification of PCLs with worrisome features can still be challenging even after endoscopic ultrasound guided-fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) with cytological evaluation. This review aims to summarize cyst clinicopathological features from the pathologists’ perspective, coupled with knowledge from advanced diagnostics–confocal laser endomicroscopy and cyst fluid molecular analysis, to demonstrate the state-of-art risk stratification of PCLs. This review includes illustrative photos of surgical specimens, endomicroscopic and histologic images, and a summary of cyst fluid molecular markers.
Approximate subdifferentials and applications. I. The finite-dimensional theory

We introduce and study a new class of subdifferentials associated with arbitrary functions. Among the questions considered are: connection with other derivative-like objects (e.g. derivatives, convex subdifferentials, generalized gradients of Clarke and derivate containers of Warga), calculus of approximate subdifferen- tials and applications to analysis of set-valued maps and to optimization. It turns out that approximate subdifferentials are minimal (as sets) among other conceivable subdifferentials satisfying some natural requirements. This shows that certain results involving approximate subdifferentials are the best possible and, at the same time, marks certain limitations of nonsmooth analysis. Another important property of approximate subdifferentials is that, being essentially nonconvex, they admit a rich calculus that covers the calculus of convex subdifferentials and leads to more precise and sometimes new results for generalized gradients of Clarke. Introduction. The concept of a subdifferential is usually associated with convex functions for which, to a large extent, subdifferentials proved to be one of the most useful and porweful instruments responsible for the success of convex analysis in the 1960's (17). Many of the good properties of convex subdifferentials were inherited by generalized gradients introduced by Clarke (3) for lower semicontinuous functions on Banach spaces. Rockafellar gave an alternative definition which applies to arbitrary functions on arbitrary locally convex spaces (19). Here we study another class of objects called approximate subdifferentials denoted by aaf(x). They appeared for the first time in a finite dimensional situation as by-products of certain approximative optimization techniques developed by Mordukhovich (14). Some subsequent attempts to extend the definition to a more general situation were successful only for Banach spaces with an equivalent Gateaux (7) or Frechet (12) differentiable norm. A new definition that applies in arbitrary locally convex spaces was offered by loffe in (8) where many nice analytic properties of approximate subdifferentials were first announced. An infinite dimensional theory of approximate subdifferentials will be considered in the second ("General theory") and the third ("Banach theory", which is especially rich) parts of the paper approximately corresponding respectively to the first announcement (8) and the first version of the paper mimeographically distributed as (10). Here we present the first part where all spaces are assumed finite dimensional. There have been two reasons to consider the finite dimensional case separately. On the one hand, definitions and proofs are much simpler in this case and many
Expression of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RER2 Gene Encoding Cis-Prenyltransferase in Trichoderma atroviride Increases the Activity of Secretory Hydrolases and Enhances Antimicrobial Features

Some Trichoderma spp. exhibit natural abilities to reduce fungal diseases of plants through their mycoparasitic and antagonistic properties. In this study, we created new Trichoderma atroviride strains with elevated antifungal activity. This effect was achieved by improving the activity of cis-prenyltransferase, the main enzyme in dolichol synthesis, by expressing the RER2 gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Since dolichyl phosphate is the carrier of carbohydrate residues during protein glycosylation, activation of its synthesis enhanced the activities of dolichyl-dependent enzymes, DPM synthase and N-acetylglucosamine transferase, as well as stimulated glycosylation of secretory proteins. Cellulases secreted by the transformants revealed significantly higher levels or activities compared to the control strain. Consequently, the resulting Trichoderma strains were more effective against the plant pathogens Pythium ultimum.
Automated Detection of Microseismic Arrival Based on Convolutional Neural Networks

It is difcult to accurately and efciently detect seismic wave signals at the time of arrival for automatic positioning from microseismic waves. A U-net model to detect the arrival time of seismic waves is constructed based on the convolutional neural network (CNN) theory. Te original data for 1555 segments and synthetic data of 7764 segments were detected using Akaike’s information criterion (AIC) algorithm, the time window energy eigenvalue algorithm, and the U-net model. During uniaxial compression of the test block, acoustic emission equipment is used to collect the vibration wave generated by the rupture of the test block. Source imaging images are drawn using the Origin software, the arrival time error is counted, and the advantages and disadvantages of the three arrival time methods are discussed. Similarities between the source image and the actual fracture image are observed. Tere is a high similarity between the source imaging map and the physical trajectory map when the U-net model is used. Tus, it is feasible to use the U-net model to detect the arrival time of seismic waves. Its accuracy is greater than that of the time window energy eigenvalue algorithm but lower than that of the AIC algorithm for high signal-to-noise ratios. After reducing the signal-to-noise ratio, the stability and accuracy of the U-net model to detect the arrival time have improved over the other two algorithms.
Ice core chemistry database: an Antarctic compilation of sodium and sulfate records spanning the past 2000 years

Abstract. Changes in sea ice conditions and atmospheric circulation over the Southern Ocean play an important role in modulating Antarctic climate. However, observations of both sea ice and wind conditions are limited in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean, both temporally and spatially, prior to the satellite era (1970 onwards). Ice core chemistry data can be used to reconstruct changes over annual, decadal, and millennial timescales. To facilitate sea ice and wind reconstructions, the CLIVASH2k (CLimate Variability in Antarctica and the Southern Hemisphere over the past 2000 years) working group has compiled a database of two species, sodium [Na+] and sulfate [SO42-], commonly measured ionic species. The database (https://doi.org/10.5285/9E0ED16E-F2AB-4372-8DF3-FDE7E388C9A7; Thomas et al., 2022) comprises records from 105 Antarctic ice cores, containing records with a maximum age duration of 2000 years. An initial filter has been applied, based on evaluation against sea ice concentration, geopotential height (500 hPa), and surface wind fields to identify sites suitable for reconstructing past sea ice conditions, wind strength, or atmospheric circulation.
Electron mobility in tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq3) films by transient electroluminescence from single layer organic light emitting diodes

Single layer devices of indium tin oxide/Alq3∕Al were constructed with varying the active areas from 1to8mm2 and the thicknesses from 30to50nm. Average electric field across the Alq3 layer during the transient state was estimated from the accumulated charges at the interfaces of the devices. The electron mobility could thus be calculated by assuming that the injected charge carriers moved under the average electric field rather than the instantaneous field. The resulting mobility could be determined uniquely in a device thickness. The electron drift mobility was shown to behave similarly to the time-of-flight results.
Technology of the 1990s: advanced materials and predictive design

The demands made on materials in contemporary design are increasingly stringent. Materials and design methods have evolved to meet them. However, it is proving increasingly difficult to extend current design methods, largely based on continuum modelling and empiricism, to cope with the larger number of variables that appear in many engineering applications. It is argued that atomistic modelling (which, by itself, seldom leads to engineering solutions) can give additional insight into the form of constitutive equations, the grouping of variables, and the magnitudes of material properties. Properly interpreted, this information can point the way to a ‘model-informed ' empiricism that can help solve pressing engineering problems.
Systematically Quantifying Cryptanalytic Nonlinearities in Strong PUFs

Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) with large challenge space (also called Strong PUFs) are promoted for usage in authentications and various other cryptographic and security applications. In order to qualify for these cryptographic applications, the Boolean functions realized by PUFs need to possess a high nonlinearity (NL). However, with a large challenge space (usually $\geq 64$ bits), measuring NL by classical techniques like the Walsh transformation is computationally infeasible. In this paper, we propose the usage of a heuristic-based measure called the non-homomorphicity test which estimates the cryptographic NL of Boolean functions with high accuracy in spite of not needing access to the entire challenge-response set. We also combine our analysis with a technique used in linear cryptanalysis, called Piling-up lemma, to measure the NL of popular PUF compositions. As a demonstration to justify the soundness of the metric, we perform extensive experimentation by first estimating the NL of constituent Arbiter/Bistable Ring PUFs using the non-homomorphicity test, and then applying them to quantify the same for their XOR compositions namely XOR Arbiter PUFs and XOR Bistable Ring PUF. Our findings show that the metric explains the impact of various parameter choices of these PUF compositions on the NL obtained and thus promises to be used as an important objective criterion for future efforts to evaluate PUF designs. While the framework is not representative of the machine learning robustness of PUFs, it can be a useful complementary tool to analyze the cryptanalytic strengths of PUF primitives.
A Family of Block Ciphers Based on Multiple Quasigroups

A family of block ciphers parametrized by an optimal quasigroup is proposed in this paper. The proposed cipher uses sixteen 4 × 4 bits S-boxes as an optimal quasigroup of order 16 . Since a maximum of 16! optimal quasigroups of order 16 can be formed, the family consists of C 16! 1 cryptosystems. All the sixteen S-boxes have the highest algebraic degree and are optimal with the lowest linearity and diﬀer-ential characteristics. Therefore, these S-boxes are secure against linear and diﬀerential attacks. The proposed cipher is analyzed against various attacks, including linear and diﬀerential attacks and we found it to be resistant to these attacks. The proposed cipher is implemented in C++, compared its performance with existing quasigroup based block ciphers, and we found that our proposal is more eﬃcient than existing quasigroup based proposals. We also evaluated our cipher using various statistical tests of the NIST-STS test suite, and we found it to pass these tests. We also established in this study that the randomness of our cipher is almost the same as that of the AES-128.
Using tetrahedral grid-based protein models in docking

Protein–protein recognition, leading to the formation of specific functional complexes, involves complementary surfaces of interacting subunits. Current docking protocols employ complex scoring functions, neglecting proper shape matching by the use of cubic grids. In the present paper a docking algorithm based on the tetrahedral grid model of proteins is described, allowing a more precise description of shape complementarity. The software was tested on the docking benchmark, giving excellent results for rigid-body docking. Extension of the present methodology to flexible docking is in progress.
An adaptive multigrid tool for elliptic and parabolic systems

This paper describes a multigrid tool for use with adaptively refined meshes in two dimensions. A standard full approximation storage (FAS) multigrid scheme is modified to maintain efficient performance on non‐uniform grids arising as a result of local mesh refinement. This is achieved by allowing hanging nodes to exist but ensuring that at each stage of the FAS algorithm the solution is projected into the continuous space in which the hanging node values are interpolants of their coarse grid parent values. A non‐linear, elliptic, finite element example is provided to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm. However, the method is also suitable for linear and non‐linear parabolic problems. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Minimal partitions and image classification using a gradient-free perimeter approximation

In this paper a new mathematically-founded method for the optimal partitioning of domains, with applications to the classification of greyscale and color images, is proposed. Since optimal partition problems are in general ill-posed, some regularization strategy is required. Here we regularize by a non-standard approximation of the total interface length, which does not involve the gradient of approximate characteristic functions, in contrast to the classical Modica-Mortola approximation. Instead, it involves a system of uncoupled linear partial differential equations and nevertheless shows $\Gamma$-convergence properties in appropriate function spaces. This approach leads to an alternating algorithm that ensures a decrease of the objective function at each iteration, and which always provides a partition, even during the iterations. The efficiency of this algorithm is illustrated by various numerical examples. Among them we consider binary and multilabel minimal partition problems including supervised or automatic image classification, inpainting, texture pattern identification and deblurring.
On the annual variation of magnetic disturbance

Statistical features of the annual incidence of magnetic disturbance, over a very wide range of disturbance intensity and latitude, are exhaustively investigated by means of the K index and related ‘planetary’ indices. Two distinct and physically significant components are identified: (a) an annual component, with summer maximum and winter minimum; (b) a semi-annual component with equinoxial maxima. Soth components are found in all parts of the earth. The amplitude of the annual component increases markedly with latitude, while that of the semi-annual component changes little with latitude. The physical causes of the two types of variation are finally considered. The conclusions reached are (a) that the annual component is probably caused by an atmospheric dynamo effect; (b) that the semi-annual component arises because of a systematic annual variation of the angle between the earth's magnetic axis and the sun-earth line, along which travel the solar particles which cause magnetic disturbance.
Bursts from High-magnetic-field Pulsars Swift J1818.0-1607 and PSR J1846.4-0258

The detection of magnetar-like bursts from highly magnetic (B > 1013 G) rotation-powered pulsars (RPPs) opened the magnetar population to yet another group of neutron stars. At the same time the question arose as to whether magnetar-like bursts from high-B RPPs have similar characteristics to bursts from known magnetar sources. We present here our analyses of the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) data from two magnetar candidates, Swift J1818.0−1607 (a radio-loud magnetar) and PSR J1846.4−0258. Both sources entered active bursting episodes in 2020 triggering Fermi-GBM in 2020 and in early 2021. We searched for untriggered bursts from both sources and performed temporal and spectral analyses on all events. Here, we present the results of our comprehensive burst search and analyses. We identified 37 and 58 bursts that likely originated from Swift J1818.0−1607 and PSR J1846.4−0258, respectively. We find that the bursts from these sources are shorter on average than typical magnetar bursts. In addition, their spectra are best described with a single blackbody function with kT ∼ 10–11 keV; several relatively bright events, however, show higher energy emission that could be modeled with a cutoff power-law model. We find that the correlation between the blackbody emitting area and the spectral temperature for the burst ensemble of each pulsar deviates from the ideal Stefan–Boltzmann law, as it does for some burst-active magnetars. We interpret this characteristic as being due to the significant radiation anisotropy expected from optically thick plasmas in very strong magnetic fields.
Observational Signatures of Coronal Heating in Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations without Radiation or a Lower Atmosphere

It is extremely difficult to simulate the details of coronal heating and also make meaningful predictions of the emitted radiation. Thus, testing realistic models with observations is a major challenge. Observational signatures of coronal heating depend crucially on radiation, thermal conduction, and the exchange of mass and energy with the transition region and chromosphere below. Many magnetohydrodynamic simulation studies do not include these effects, opting instead to devote computational resources to the magnetic aspects of the problem. We have developed a simple method of accounting approximately for the missing effects. It is applied to the simulation output ex post facto and therefore may be a valuable tool for many studies. We have used it to predict the emission from a model corona that is driven by vortical boundary motions meant to represent photospheric convection. We find that individual magnetic strands experience short-term brightenings, both scattered throughout the computational volume and in localized clusters. The former may explain the diffuse component of the observed corona, while the latter may explain bright coronal loops. Several observed properties of loops are reproduced reasonably well: width, lifetime, and quasi-circular cross section (aspect ratio not high). Our results lend support to the idea that loops are multistranded structures heated by “storms” of nanoflares.
The stability of noncolumnar swirling flows in diverging streamtubes

A linear stability analysis of a family of steady, noncolumnar and axisymmetric, swirling flows that may develop in a finite-length slightly diverging pipe is presented. These flow states are described by the asymptotic analysis of Rusak et al. (1998). There exists a limit level of the incoming flow swirl ratio ωcσ1 which is the corrected critical swirl as a result of the pipe divergence. When the swirl ratio is in a certain range below ωcσ1, two steady states can exist for the same inlet, outlet, and wall conditions: One which describes a near-columnar vortex state and another which describes a swirling flow with a large-amplitude disturbance. When the swirl level is above ωcσ1, no near-columnar, steady, and axisymmetric state exists. The stability of this family of flows is examined by studying the linearized dynamics of an unsteady and axially symmetric perturbation which also satisfies the boundary conditions. The stability analysis shows that ωcσ1 is a point of exchange of stability for the family of.
High performance transparent conductor of graphene wrapped copper/nickel microgrids

A high performance, highly stable transparent conducting structure based on microscale copper/nickel grids wrapped with graphene is presented. Graphene is selectively deposited on the surfaces of the microgrids by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition method. The optical transmittance of the copper/nickel microgrid sample is ∼80% over the visible and near-infrared spectra with a very small sheet resistance of ∼0.58 Ω/sq. After the high temperature deposition of graphene, the sample's transmittance increases to be ∼90% due to the line width reduction of the microgrids while the sheet resistance also increases to ∼5 Ω/sq. The graphene layer is deposited to keep the copper/nickel surfaces from being oxidized in the air. Both stability testing and composition spectra results confirm the long-term stability of the copper/nickel microgrids wrapped with graphene.
A model of the dwarf nova WX Cet

We analyse time-resolved spectroscopy of WX Cet, a dwarf nova of the WZ Sge class, by means of a dynamical model based on the measured K 1 and using the superhump period excess e to constrain the mass ratio q of this CB. From time resolved spectroscopy of Thorstensen et al. we determine orbital amplitude K 1 and separation 2V d of the disk emission lines as well as the S-wave amplitude A s and relative phase a of the hot spot. Our dynamical analysis, following Smak's inclination independent solution for WZ Sge, yields rather high q, hardly compatible with the superhump resonance condition within the accretion disc. Rejecting K 1 as affected by tidal and/or stream effects, we follow Patterson and determine q = 0.085 from q - ∈ relation based on superhump dynamics. In this way we obtain likely masses of the components M 1 = 0.55 ′ 0.15 M O . and M 2 = 0.047 ′ 0.013 M O . From this result we argue that despite similarities to WZ Sge, WX Cet with its relatively massive secondary represents an earlier stage of mass transfer in a cataclysmic binary than WZ Sge.
NAVEGAÇÃO DE ROBÔS UTILIZANDO CURVAS IMPLÍCITAS

In several applications in robotics, including monitoring, mapping, and surveillance, robots must follow closed curves with several different shapes determined by the application. In this paper, it is proposed a methodology for robot navigation in tasks where the robot path can be specified by the intersection of level sets of given functions. Besides the path, the control law is also defined by a vector field created using these functions. The main contribution of this work is the computation of n-dimensional vector fields and the proofs that a holonomic robot controlled by this vector field converges and circulates the specified curve. The paper also shows that the resulting field is continuous and can be modified to maintain constant robot speed, an important characteristic for controlling airplane based aerial robots. Finally, it is shown a numerical technique, based on the weighted sum of radial basis functions, for the construction of the functions that determine the robot path. Simulations with a nonholonomic mobile robot subject to localization errors illustrate the potential of the method to drive several types of robots.
Set theoretic inverse halftoning method for grayscale and color images

Inverse halftoning is the problem of recovering a continuous- tone image from a given halftoned image. In this paper, a new inverse halftoning method which uses a set theoretic formulation is introduced. The new method exploits the prior information at hand, and uses space-domain projections, frequency-domain projections, and space-scale domain projections to obtain a feasible reconstruction of the continuous-tone image. The proposed method is also extended for the inverse halftoning of color error-diffused images.