Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application of the least square filtering in initial alignment of SINS

When the statistics of the system noise and the observation noise are unknown, or almost unknown, the state estimation error computed by Kalman Filtering will be much bigger, or the Kalman Filter may become divergence. In order to avoid this demerit, a Least Square Filtering is presented. It weighs the observation data adaptively only without the requirement of the statistics of the noise. This algorithm is used to Strapdown Inertial Navigation System (SINS) initial alignment and compared with the Kalman Filtering. The simulation results show that the Least Square (LS) Filtering has faster convergent speed than the Kalman Filtering.
ON-State Reliability of Solid-Electrolyte Switch under Pulsed Alternating Current Stress for Programmable Logic Device

In this paper, we describes the ON-state reliability of a nonvolatile solid-electrolyte switch for a programmable logic device (PLD). The ON-state requirement for this application is different from that of a Cu via or an interconnect, since the pulsed-AC current is applied to the switch when the voltage changes in the interconnect. We experimentally demonstrate a recovering phenomenon in the migration under AC stress and propose an appropriate ON-state resistance of 800 Ω to satisfy the requirement for a current density criterion that goes beyond the 28-nm technology node (hp28). The ON-state duration of the crossbar switch under the pulsed-AC current of 1 GHz is estimated to be over 10 years at an ambient of 150 °C.
Inductorless realisation of Chua oscillator

An inductorless realisation of a Chua oscillator, which exhibits chaotic behaviour is presented. This new realisation consists of the Wien bridge oscillator, coupled in parallel with the same nonlinear resistor used in the standard realisation of a Chua oscillator. This new circuit is shown experimentally to also exhibit similar chaotic behaviour.
Engineering nonlinearity into memristors for passive crossbar applications

Although TaOx memristors have demonstrated encouraging write/erase endurance and nanosecond switching speeds, the linear current-voltage (I-V) characteristic in the low resistance state limits their applications in large passive crossbar arrays. We demonstrate here that a TiO2-x/TaOx oxide heterostructure incorporated into a 50 nm× 50 nm memristor displays a very large nonlinearity such that I(V/2) ≈ I(V)/100 for V ≈ 1 volt, which is caused by current-controlled negative differential resistance in the device.
Clinical Evaluation of Australian Hearing's Guidelines for Fitting Multiple Memory Hearing Aids

In 1998, guidelines for fitting multi-memory hearing aids were introduced in Australian Hearing (a government agency). The guidelines list criteria for determining multimemory candidacy and present recommended response variations around a baseline response to suit different listening environments. This study aimed at validating the clinical application of the guidelines. Forty-four subjects from three Australian Hearing centres evaluated a digital, two-memory, two-channel compression device with remote control in their everyday environments for four months. Data suggested that the original criteria for candidacy were not satisfactory. On average, candidates had a wider dynamic range across the high frequencies, were more often in the situation the alternative program was designed for, and were fitted with a greater low-frequency gain difference between programs. A revised candidacy guideline based on this finding is presented. The recommended response variations were difficult to achieve and data did not suggest any particular changes to the recommended response variations.
The Alcohol Extract of Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt Ameliorates Diabetes and Diabetic Nephropathy in db/db Mice through miR-192/miR-200b and PTEN/AKT and ZEB2/ECM Pathways

The study aims to investigate the effects of the alcohol extract of Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt (AC) on diabetic nephropathy (DN) mice. A total of 30 db/db (DN) mice were divided into 3 groups, which were treated with AC (300 mg/kg/day), metformin (180 mg/kg/day), or saline by gavage for 10 weeks. Ten db/m mice treated with saline were used as normal control (NC group). Body weight (BW) and fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c, 24 h urinary albumin excretion (UAE), and renal pathological fibrosis were analyzed. Expression of miR-192, miR-200b, and proteins in the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway was analyzed by qPCR or western blot. The DN mice had significantly higher BW, FBG, and 24 h UAE, as well as more severe pathological fibrosis when compared with NC. Treatment of AC could decrease BW, FBG, and 24 h UAE and alleviated kidney damage. Compared with the NC group, expressions of miR-192 and miR-200b were increased, whereas their target proteins (ZEB2 and PTEN) were reduced in the kidneys of DN mice, which further modulated the expression of their downstream proteins PI3K p85α, P-AKT, P-smad3, and COL4 α1; these proteins were increased in the kidneys of DN mice. In contrast, AC treatment reversed the expression changes of these proteins. These findings demonstrate that AC may protect the kidneys of DN mice by decreasing miR-192 and miR-200b, which could further regulate their target gene expression and modulate the activity of the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway to reduce the degree of renal fibrosis.
Coupon incentive-based demand response (CIDR) in smart grid

A new type of demand response (DR) program referred to as coupon incentive-based demand response (CIDR) is presented as an alternative to residential consumer demand response programs. Enabled by pervasive mobile communication capabilities and smart grid technologies, load serving entities (LSEs) could offer residential consumers coupon incentives to reduce power consumption in a given period of time, offsetting potential losses due to wholesale electricity price spikes. In contrast with real-time pricing or peak load pricing, CIDR program maintains simple flat retail rate structure on consumer side while providing effective voluntary-based incentives for DR. An iterative procedure is designed to realize the real-time interaction between the independent system operator, the LSEs and consumers. CIDR can increase the profit of the LSEs and achieve almost the same social welfare as under the real-time pricing scheme. CIDR is compatible with current flat retail rate pricing scheme so the implementation is straightforward. A numerical experiment demonstrates the potential benefits of CIDR programs.
A 580 kHz switching regulator using on-off control

The analysis and design of a 580 kHz switching regulator incorporating a series-resonant converter is described. On-off control is used in the feedback loop of the regulator to achieve regulation of the output voltage. An easy-to-use graphical method of analysis of transient currents is introduced as a tool for the analysis and design of the regulator. The 40W regulator circuit which has been built shows exceptionally good transient load regulation and high efficiency.
Repairable Part Management

To support the operation of its fleet of over 400 aircraft, American Airlines maintains an inventory of spare repairable (rotable) aircraft parts. A PC-based decision support system, the Rotables Allocation and Planning System (RAPS), provides forecasts of rotable part demand, recommends least-cost allocations of parts to airport locations, and calculates the availability level associated with the optimal allocation of each part. RAPS is controlled through a series of menus which offer options for part allocation, data manipulation, report generation, and sensitivity analysis. By identifying under- and over-allocations of parts, as well as by recommending part redistribution, RAPS has provided a multi-million dollar benefit to American Airlines.
The crossbar latch: Logic value storage, restoration, and inversion in crossbar circuits

Programmable crossbar circuits are one key architecture proposed for integrated nanoscale electronics. Emphasizing practicality of fabrication, many scenarios advocate crossbar circuits based on two-terminal devices. In this case, however, signal restoration and inversion remain critical weaknesses. Restoration is essential before the degraded output of one logic gate can drive the input of a subsequent logic gate. Inversion is required to generate a complete logic family. Here we describe and demonstrate a solution to both problems, the crossbar latch. This device stores a logic value on a signal wire, enabling logic value restoration, and inversion. In combination with resistor/diode logic gates, these operations in principle enable universal computing for crossbar circuits, and potentially, integrated nanoscale electronics.
Cantilever unified theory and optimization for sensors and actuators

The deflection of a bilayered cantilever due to an external stimulus can be utilized in novel microsensors and actuators. It can also be used to determine the material properties of the components. Existing models are limited to investigations of individual systems such as isotropic (thermal, piezoelectric etc) or anisotropic (magnetostrictive) driving stimuli. A unified theory is presented based on total energy minimization, allowing inclusion of all stimuli acting on the system. Current theory, including that of a magnetostrictive cantilever, also tends to be related to a negligible film-to-substrate thickness ratio. This analysis allows examination of all thickness ratios, is in agreement with finite-element analysis, and also reduces to the thin-film limit. This is of increasing importance with the current drive to make micro devices. The data are examined for both sensor and actuator application. This is presented in a novel form, particularly for actuators. It is assumed that a cantilever actuator should deliver a given force at specific displacement. The full analysis of such systems allows, for the first time, quantitative optimization of device performance based on material properties and dimensions. The limitations on cantilever geometry given by thermal noise are derived. This analysis shows that substantial improvements in micromechanical sensor technology are still possible.
Uncertainty Modeling and Robust Control for LCL Resonant Inductive Power Transfer System

The LCL resonant inductive power transfer (IPT) system is increasingly used because of its harmonic filtering capabilities, high efficiency at light load, and unity power factor feature. However, the modeling and controller design of this system become extremely difficult because of parameter uncertainty, high-order property, and switching nonlinear property. This paper proposes a frequency and load uncertainty modeling method for the LCL resonant IPT system. By using the linear fractional transformation method, we detach the uncertain part from the system model. A robust control structure with weighting functions is introduced, and a control method using structured singular values is used to enhance the system performance of perturbation rejection and reference tracking. Analysis of the controller performance is provided. The simulation and experimental results verify the robust control method and analysis results. The control method not only guarantees system stability but also improves performance under perturbation.
Genotyping and Phylogenic of Norovirus as Main Cause of Children Gastritis in Thi-Qar province

: Norovirus consided as the second cause of viral diarrhea in children.The current study included examination of 200 (115 females and 85 males) stool sample of diarrhea and abdominal pain suffering children, less than 5 years of age. The samples were divided into nine groups according to the age of the children: 1-2, 3-5, 6-8, 9-11, 12-17, 18-23, 24-35, 36-48, 50-55 month. Stool samples were divided for two part, the first part for the molecular diagnosis of virus by real time PCR and then gene sequences of virus and the second part used for ELISA test. Results of real time PCR test revealed that 35 positive sample out of 200 with a percentage of (17.5%). ( AccuZo1TM total RNA extraction kit(Bioneer, Korea was used in this test). Real time PCR results showed that Depend on age groups the highly morbidity between 18-23 months (25.8 %) and there was significant differences between age groups on probability ≤0.05. Results showed that high percentage of infection between children depend on artificial nutrition Top value was (21.7%) and the low percentage of infection in children depend on mixed nutrition (breast milk and cereal meals) was (12.6%). ELISA test results included 25 positive samples from total of 200 samples percentage was (12.5%). The sensitivity of this test was 71.4% while specifity was 94% compare to Real time PCR. ELISA test showed that the age group (18-23 months) was (25.8%). with a significant difference at (P>0.05). Artificial feeding is higher than (15.2%) and normal feeding is lower (9.7%). From the positive samples 8 samples sent for gene sequences, four samples were revealed compatibility to GII.2, three samples to GII.4 and one sample compatible with GΙI. 3. depend on base data of NCBI.
The Design of Demountable Freezer

Facing up to problem that the extant freezer is not convenient to disassemble and transport, we design a demountable freezer which is based on the concept “modularization”. The volume and shape of newly-designed freezer is modulated by the addition and remove of the modules. Demountable freezer could be widely utilized in daily life, military field and emergency aid e.t. c. Its demountability is dramatically beneficial to the user’s need, not only because it can be assembled when it is needed, but because it could save more space for people when it is set aside. The convenience, its economic and social effect and its optional structure because of the current high-tech of demountable freezer is unmatched by the traditional freezer.
A Distributed Game-Based Simulation Training Research Testbed

[This paper is a companion piece for a presentation to be given as part of a panel discussion on the topic “Leveraging Virtual Reality and Computer-Based Games for Training”]. Our paper describes: the establishment of a testbed to support behavioral research on training applications of online distributed multiplayer gaming systems, several of the initial experiments conducted with the testbed, and some lesson learned. The testbed is itself geographically distributed with military, government, industry, and academia participants. We describe the behavioral research objectives and the technological challenges encountered in adapting commercial off-the-shelf gaming systems for training research use. Our focus is on the performance feedback process within the overall context of using gaming systems for distributed training. Research areas addressed include: factors general to training small teams such as law enforcement, urban search and rescue, or first responder personnel; and specific aspects of kinetic and non-kinetic dismounted infantry operations. Lessons learned involve: voice communications, Internet firewalls and quality of service, and “modeling mania”.
Performance evaluation of dispatching rules for semiconductor testing operations

We evaluate the performance of several dispatching rules in a semiconductor testing environment and examine the effects of uncertainties in problem data and job arrival patterns. A series of simulation experiments shows that a single dispatching rule seldom performs well for several different performance measures simultaneously, non-homogenous job arrival patterns significantly affect several aspects of system performance while uncertainty in problem data does not, and the choice of dispatching rules for a given performance measure is robust to both arrival patterns and uncertainties.
Non-isolated bidirectional DC–DC converter analysis and implementation

A non-isolated bidirectional DC-DC converter is presented in this study. The configuration of the proposed converter is simple. The voltage gain of the proposed converter is higher than the conventional bidirectional DC-DC buck/boost converter in the step-up mode. In addition, the voltage gain is lower than the conventional buck/boost in step-down mode. Because of better gain performance of the proposed converter in comparison of the conventional converter it can work in wide voltage range than conventional converter. Therefore the proposed converter is applicable than the conventional bidirectional converter. Owing to simple structure, the control of the proposed converter is quite easy. The operation principle and steady-state analyses of the proposed converter in step-up and step-down modes are explored. Finally the laboratory prototype circuit is implemented to justify the validity of the theoretical analysis.
IMPACT OF PAVEMENT CONDITION ON RURAL ROAD ACCIDENTS

Because of limited resources and inappropriate maintenance technique, many rural roads in developing countries such as Jordan are characterized by a high level of roughness. Empirical evidence and accident reports revealed that many rural road accidents are associated with severe road defects. This study investigated the effect of pavement condition, road geometry, and roadside conditions on rural road accidents. A comprehensive data base for 1130 km of two-lane primary rural roads in Jordan was developed for this study. Mathematical modelling using regression technique was used to investigate the effects of the included variables on single-vehicle, multiple-vehicle, and total accident rates. Results of the statistical analysis indicated that pavement condition, expressed in terms of the international roughness index or present serviceability rating, had significant effects on single- and multiple-vehicle accident rates, but it had no statistical influence on the total accident rate. Furthermore, the results of this study indicated that the number of sharp horizontal curves and the roadside condition, expressed in terms of the roadside hazard rating, were found to have significant effects on the single-vehicle accident rate. The number of vertical curves and the number of intersections were found to have a significant influence on the multiple-vehicle accidents. Finally, regression models were developed to quantify the effects of the included variables on the previous accident rates.
Deformation analysis of a 3-DOF parallel manipulator with one or two additional branches

Redundant parallel manipulators have some advantages over the nonredundant parallel manipulators. It is important to determine how many additional branches should be introduced. This paper studies whether one or two additional branches should be added to a 3-DOF parallel manipulator by comparing the flexible deformation of a 3-DOF parallel manipulator with one additional branch and that with two additional branches. The kinematic and dynamic models of the redundant parallel manipulator are derived and the flexible deformation is investigated. The flexible deformation of the manipulators with one additional branch and two branches is simulated and compared. This paper is helpful for designers to design a redundantly actuated parallel manipulator.
Integrated Multimodel Evaluation of Transit Bus Emissions in Toronto, Canada

This paper investigates transit bus emissions in the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, by linking the results of a microsimulation transit assignment model, MILATRAS (microsimulation learning-based approach to transit assignment), with emission factors derived from Mobile6.2C. Emissions were estimated at the level of individual buses during idling conditions at bus stops and on roadway links between stops during the morning peak period. The busiest routes were associated with the highest total emissions as a result of a combination of high ridership and lower speeds; this association confirmed the common wisdom that newer, low-emitting buses should be first allocated to these routes. The highest dwell emissions occurred at intermodal transfer stations (bus to subway and vice versa). On a passenger kilometer basis, the highest-emitting routes were not the busiest, but rather were those with the lowest ridership. In fact, the highest emissions per passenger kilometer were associated with the Airport Rocket, a route that provided service to the airport and was characterized by low ridership in the morning peak period. On average, bus trips in Toronto were about three times more fuel efficient than were private car trips and created 20 times less carbon monoxide pollution. The effects of changing fuel types and fleet age on transit bus emissions were assessed. Implications for bus operations are discussed relative to fleet allocation to minimize total emissions.
Cluster randomised trial of the effects of timing and duration of early childhood interventions in Odisha – India: Study protocol

Many children in developing countries grow up in unstimulating environments, leading to deficiencies in early years’ developmental outcomes, particularly cognition and language. Interventions to improve parenting in the first 3 years of life have a clear impact on these outcomes, but the sustainability of effects is mixed, particularly for scalable interventions. There is little evidence of the effect of following-up an early life intervention with another one immediately afterwards. The objective of this study is to help fill this gap.
Dissemination of Manufacturing Knowledge: Manufacturing Knowledge Portal of Korea

Automobile, shipbuilding, and semiconductors account for a large amount of Korea’s export industry rate. These industries need production technology which is a result of converting Worker’s know-how and R&D. Manufacturing knowledge portal aims to enables transforming production experience such as worker’s know-how into standardized form for constructing database and sharing technologies systemically. Manufacturing knowledge portal can contribute to small and mid-sized manufacturing companies with further improvements.
Design, modeling and fabrication of a constant flow pneumatic micropump

This paper characterizes a bi-directional pneumatic diaphragm micropump and presents a model for performance of an integrated fluidic capacitor. The fluidic capacitor is used to convert pulsatile flow into a nearly continuous flow stream. The pump was fabricated in acrylic using a CNC mill. The stroke volume of the pump is ∼1 µL. The pump is self-priming, bubble tolerant and insensitive to changes in head pressure and pneumatic pressure within its operating range. The pump achieves a maximum flow rate of 5 mL min−1 against zero head pressure. With pneumatic pressure set to 40 kPa, the pump can provide flow at 2.6 mL min−1 against a head pressure of 25 kPa. A nonlinear model for the capacitor was developed and compared with experimental results. The ratio of the time constant of the capacitor to the cycle time of the pump is shown to be an accurate indicator of capacitor performance and a useful design tool.
Signal Characteristics of GPS User Antennas

The performance of the GPS user antenna has a great effect on the accuracy and precision of the data that is obtained. This effect is often ignored or misunderstood. This paper presents anechoic chamber measurements of the most important performance characteristics of eight models and configurations of GPS user antennas, and explores the effect of these characteristics on the data collected.