Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distribuição de Stygarctus bradypus Schulz, 1951 (tardigrada, heterotardigrada) na margem sul da Ilha de Itamaracá (PE, Brasil)

This work aimed to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of Stygarctus bradypus Schulz, 1951 (Tardigrada, Heterotardigrada) in a sandy beach in the southern edge of Itamaraca Island, 40 km north far from Recife (PE, Brazil). Samples were taken in two different periods of the year characterized by dryness and rain, along two coastal transects through the intertidal zone, during low tides. One identified 337 specimens of Stygarctus bradypus. There was a significant difference between the populations of S. bradypus from the two transects and between the steps of the beach, but not between the sedimentary layers and between the two periods of the year. It was concluded that this species does not have its distribution influenced by the sediments granulometry nor for the presence of interstitial water, preferentially colonizing the upper mid-littoral of the studied beach, concentrating its population between 10 cm and 20 cm depth in the sediments throughout the whole year.
Tumor Tropism of DNA Viruses for Oncolytic Virotherapy

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) have emerged as one of the most promising cancer immunotherapy agents that selectively target and kill cancer cells while sparing normal cells. OVs are from diverse families of viruses and can possess either a DNA or an RNA genome. These viruses also have either a natural or engineered tropism for cancer cells. Oncolytic DNA viruses have the additional advantage of a stable genome and multiple-transgene insertion capability without compromising infection or replication. Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), a member of the oncolytic DNA viruses, has been approved for the treatment of cancers. This success with HSV-1 was achievable by introducing multiple genetic modifications within the virus to enhance cancer selectivity and reduce the toxicity to healthy cells. Here, we review the natural characteristics of and genetically engineered changes in selected DNA viruses that enhance the tumor tropism of these oncolytic viruses.
PEDESTRIAN TRAVEL DEMAND

THE DESIGN OF CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICTS, WHERE A SUBSTANTIAL PORTION OF THE 1 BILLION SQ FT OF OFFICE FLOOR SPACE BUILT IN THE NATION DURING 1960-1970 HAS BEEN LOCATED, WILL BECOME INCREASINGLY IMPORTANT IN THE FUTURE. YET, TRADITIONAL TRANSPORTATION PLANNING STUDIES, INCLUDING ORIGIN-DESTINATION HOME INTERVIEWS, FAIL TO ACCOUNT ADEQUATELY FOR NON-HOME-BASED, ESPECIALLY PEDESTRIAN, TRAVEL WITHIN THE CBD. PEDESTRIAN FACILITIES ARE SELDOM DIMENSIONED IN PROPORTION TO THE TRIP GENERATION OF THE BUILDINGS THEY SERVE. AS A RESULT, PEDESTRIAN CONGESTION IN LARGE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICTS IS QUITE COMMON. THIS STUDY, FOCUSED ON MIDTOWN MANHATTAN, FIRST RELATES PEDESTRIAN DENSITY TO WALKWAY SPACE AND BUILDING FLOOR SPACE AT TWO POINTS IN TIME. AVAILABLE WALKWAY SPACE AND BUILDING FLOOR SPACE IN RETAIL, RESTAURANT, AND OFFICE USE ARE FOUND TO AFFECT SIGNIFICANTLY THE PRESENCE OF PEDESTRIANS. ESTIMATING EQUATIONS ARE PRESENTED AND EVALUATED. THE DAILY CYCLICAL VARIATION AND DIRECTIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF PEDESTRIAN TRAVEL AT BUILDINGS WITH DIFFERENT USES AND AT SELECTED STREET LOCATIONS ARE GIVEN. RELATIONSHIPS TO DAILY TRIP GENERATION RATES AND THE RELATIVE MAGNITUDE OF DESIGN PERIOD FLOW ARE SUGGESTED. TRIP LENGTH CHARACTERISTICS ARE SHOWN FOR THE WALKING PORTION OF VARIOUS TRIPS AT THE CBD END AND ARE ANALYZED BY PURPOSE AND BY MODE. THE AVERAGE WALK IS FOUND TO BE ABOUT 1/3 OF A MILE, AND WALK-ONLY TRIPS ARE FOUND TO COMPOSE ABOUT 26 PERCENT OF TOTAL CBD TRIP ENDS. ALTHOUGH MANHATTAN REPRESENTS A LIMITING CONDITION WITH REGARD TO TRIP- END DENSITY AND TRIP LENGTH, THE FACTORS DERIVED REPRESENT A USEFUL INPUT INTO THE DEVELOPMENT OF DESIGN STANDARDS FOR PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT. /AUTHOR/
Geological and biological evidence for regional drainage reversal during lateral tectonic transport, Marlborough, New Zealand

A 2500 km2 mountainous river catchment in northern South Island, New Zealand, drained southwards until the late Quaternary. The catchment is being transported laterally at c . 3 6 mm a1 relative to the southern South Island by dextral strike-slip motion along the Pacific-Australian Plate boundary (Alpine Fault). This lateral motion has moved the eastern half of the catchment from a zone of uplift into a zone of subsidence over the past million years, triggering drainage reversal. Sedimentation from the catchment switched from a sedimentary basin in the SE to a basin in the north. Profiles of river terrace remnants, formed from glacial outwash, show that drainage reversal occurred in the latter stages of deposition of the oldest recognizable terrace. Clast imbrication patterns and clast petrography in that terrace indicate southward flow, whereas flow had a northerly component in younger terraces and a nearby active river. In addition, 1.6% genetic divergence of fish on either side of the new drainage divide is consistent with late Quaternary separation by drainage reversal. The timing of drainage reversal is estimated from regional terrace correlation and the magnitude of the genetic divergence to be between 100 and 200 ka bp.
Convolutional Channel Attentional Facial Expression Recognition Network and Its Application in Human–Computer Interaction

Currently, the use of robots has altered the way people live and their lifestyles. To realize a human-computer interaction system based on robots’ comprehension of human emotions, this study chooses facial expressions as the research object and constructs a facial expression recognition model based on convolutional neural networks and channel attention. To deploy the recognition model to portable devices, a depth-separable convolution filter pruning algorithm based on principal component analysis is constructed. This model applies principal component analysis to reduce the dimensionality of similar filter matrices obtained by calculating geometric medians to prevent gradient explosion. The proposed algorithm for facial expression recognition in this study achieves a 99% recognition accuracy with an average of 80.39%, while using the least number of parameters among the compared algorithms. The verification experiment results of lightweight network show that when the model depth is 56 and the pruning rate is 40%, the correct rate of facial expression recognition of the network model based on the pruning strategy proposed in the study is 93.24%. When dimension is 0.85, the accuracy of model classification is the highest. The algorithm presented in this study exhibits excellent performance when recognizing facial expressions, demonstrating notable robustness and efficiency. The pruning strategy proposed in this study has a good model acceleration effect. It can not only reduce the memory occupied by about 41% of parameters, but also improve the classification accuracy, running time and calculation cost after pruning to a certain extent. The study applied deep separable convolution and PCA techniques to improve and reduce the dimensionality of the convolutional layer in the ResNet network structure, and improved the comparable filter matrix generated during the filter pruning process.
Rainfall and topo-edaphic influences on woody community phenology in South African savannas

site, followed by the arid site. DiVerences with respect to catenal position were evident for the Woody community phenology was studied in the proportion of trees in winter with mature leaves, central lowveld, South Africa, over a twelve month and the proportion of trees with senescent leaves. period at three sites along a rainfall gradient, with Bottomlands had a greater proportion of trees with both toplands and bottomlands sampled at each leaves during winter, but a lower proportion of site. Each month, individual plants, in replicated trees recorded with senescent leaves. Both of these samples, were scored into a number of categories findings were a result of the greater proportion of describing their phenological state. Position on the evergreen species in bottomlands, as well as rainfall gradient influenced: (1) onset and magnitude increased leaf retention by the deciduous species. of leaf emergence, (2) onset and duration of mature Phenological activity of leaves was related to plant leaves, and (3) the proportion of leafless trees. stem size. In particular, there was greater leaf Generally, the moist site demonstrated earlier leaf retention during the dry period by small stems, growth than the intermediate or arid sites. Emergent relative to large stems. and mature leaves were recorded earlier, and in the case of mature leaves, retained longer. Overall, there Key words. Bottomlands, community phenology, lowveld, rainfall gradient, savanna, soil moisture, was a lower proportion of leafless trees during the dry season at the moist site, followed by the semi-arid South Africa, toplands.
Ecohydrology of the inland river basins in the Northwestern Arid Region of China

The arid region in northwestern China covers 2·02 million square kilometres and is one of the most arid regions in the world. Positioned at the central part of the Eurasian Continent, this region experiences little influence from the Eastern and Southern Asian Monsoons and precipitation is formed mostly from westerly vapour. With a hyper arid climate, the annual precipitation in this region ranges from less than 20 mm at the oasis area to around 600 mm in the mountain regions, whereas potential evaporation can amount to 2000–3000 mm per annum. It is reported that strong evapotranspiration characterizes and dominates the water cycle in the arid basins. Nearly all the water resources of the oasis, where the human society exists, come from the mountain areas as river discharge from glacier/snow melting water, rainfall and subsurface flow from bedrock cracks. As a result, the hydrographs of the arid basins are affected by climate change via changes in precipitation partitioning (the ratio of rainfall and snowfall) and changes to seasonal distributions of precipitation and air temperature. These changes in turn directly affect the water yield and the vegetation response. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Review of Paleozoic Rocks of the Klamath Mountains

Paleozoic rocks of the Klamath Mountains are virtually restricted to the part of the province that lies in California. The principal exposures are in two separate areas of the eastern Klamath belt, which together includes all systems of the Paleozoic ex- cepting the Cambrian. In the Yreka-Callahan area, the Duzel and Gazelle Formations of Ordovician to Devonian age are exposed. In the Redding section, the Devonian through Permian stratigraphic succession is Copley Greenstone, Balaklala Rhyolite, Kennett, Bragdon and Baird Formations, McCloud Limestone, Nosoni Formation, and Dekkas Andesite. The Paleozoic strata of both areas rest on the Trinity ultramafic sheet (ophiolite) of probable early Paleozoic age and are thought to have been deposited in an island arc environment. The ultramafic sheet was underthrust from the west by Devonian hornblende schist and quartz mica schist of the central metamorphic belt, perhaps contemporaneously with the Devonian meta-morphism. West of the metamorphic belt, limestone bodies with Paleozoic fossils are sparsely scattered throughout the so-called "western Paleozoic and Triassic belt" of rocks of oceanic and island arc facies. The limestone bodies are mostly late Paleozoic and occur in all three subdivisions of the b e l t — t he North Fork, Hayfork, and Rattlesnake Creek terranes. The three terranes include both co-herent and melange units. The age tentatively assigned to the "western Paleozoic and triassic belt" was based mainly on the age of the limestone bodies. However, recent study of radiolaria from cherts and siliceous tuffs indicates the probability that most of the belt is Mesozoic and that some of the North Fork terrane is as young as Middle Jurassic. This and other evidence suggests that at least some of the limestone bodies are exotic blocks. oceanic crust and island arc that have accreted to the con-tinental margin . The Klamath Mountains are only a segment of an extensive linear zone of similar accreted rocks that trends along the western margin of North America, as exposed along the west side of the Sierra Nevada, through central Nevada, and in east- central Oregon. The general position and configura-tion of the zone are indicated by the Pacific Coast ultramafic belt. One might speculate that the ultramafic belt in central Nevada is offset from the east side of the Klamath Mountains, or north end of the Sierra Nevada, by several hundred kilometers of right-lateral movement along the Walker Lane trend.
A Preliminary Study on the Relationship between Arthropod Diversity and Vegetation Diversity in Four Contrasting Ecosystems in Hanthana Mountain Range of Sri Lanka, during the Post-Monsoon Dry Season

This study assesses the relationship between arthropod and vegetation diversity in four ecosystems with different types of vegetation, during a post-monsoonal season. We determined the arthropod diversity in vegetation surrounding an aquatic environment (AQ), a broad-leaved wet, evergreen forest ecosystem (BL), a Pinus caribaea monoculture plantation (PN), and a Pinus plantation artificially enriched with indigenous broad-leaved tree species (PNEN) located in the Hanthana mountain range, Sri Lanka. Arthropods randomly sampled from three randomly selected sites (5 m × 5 m) of each ecosystem were identified up to the highest possible taxa using standard identification keys. Woody and herbal vegetation was identified via a plant census. Arthropod and vegetation diversities were computed separately for each site using the Shannon–Wiener Index (H). Arthropods of 68 species and 43 families were found. AQ had the greatest arthropod diversity (H = 2.642), dominated by Olios spp. , followed by BL (H = 2.444), dominated by a tettigonid species, Oxytate spp. and Psechrus spp. PN was third (H = 1.411), dominated by Dicaldispa spp. PNEN had the lowest (H = 1.3500), dominated by an ant species. Contrastingly, PNEN had the highest plant diversity (H = 2.614) and PN, the lowest (H = 0.879). In AQ, BL, and PN, the arthropod diversity was linearly dependent on plant diversity (R2 = 0.423, p ≤ 0.001), whereas it was not so when PNEN was also included (R2 = 0.008, p ≤ 0.001). This shows that higher plant diversity contributes to greater arthropod diversity in ecosystems where human intervention is minimal. But this pattern was not visible in PNEN, which is an artificially created ecosystem.
Is issue management evolving or progressing towards extinction

After almost 40 years of development, issue management has reached a point where it could either fade out of fashion or continue evolving into new forms. Reviewing both the past and possible future, four major trends are identified – migration of the discipline beyond the corporation to Government agencies and NGOs; the impact of social media and the rise of new community expectations; continuing developments in the relationship between issue management and crisis management; and the challenge of how issue management is positioned within organisations and among other management activities. Each of these trends is analysed to assess its impact on the future of issue management, and how the different roles of corporate and non-corporate players can help shape its future.
Database of nitrification and nitrifiers in the global ocean

Abstract. As a key biogeochemical pathway in the marine nitrogen cycle, nitrification (ammonia oxidation and nitrite oxidation) converts the most reduced form of nitrogen – ammonium–ammonia (NH4+–NH3) – into the oxidized species nitrite (NO2-) and nitrate (NO3-). In the ocean, these processes are mainly performed by ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). By transforming nitrogen speciation and providing substrates for nitrogen removal, nitrification affects microbial community structure; marine productivity (including chemoautotrophic carbon fixation); and the production of a powerful greenhouse gas, nitrous oxide (N2O). Nitrification is hypothesized to be regulated by temperature, oxygen, light, substrate concentration, substrate flux, pH and other environmental factors. Although the number of field observations from various oceanic regions has increased considerably over the last few decades, a global synthesis is lacking, and understanding how environmental factors control nitrification remains elusive. Therefore, we have compiled a database of nitrification rates and nitrifier abundance in the global ocean from published literature and unpublished datasets. This database includes 2393 and 1006 measurements of ammonia oxidation and nitrite oxidation rates and 2242 and 631 quantifications of ammonia oxidizers and nitrite oxidizers, respectively. This community effort confirms and enhances our understanding of the spatial distribution of nitrification and nitrifiers and their corresponding drivers such as the important role of substrate concentration in controlling nitrification rates and nitrifier abundance. Some conundrums are also revealed, including the inconsistent observations of light limitation and high rates of nitrite oxidation reported from anoxic waters. This database can be used to constrain the distribution of marine nitrification, to evaluate and improve biogeochemical models of nitrification, and to quantify the impact of nitrification on ecosystem functions like marine productivity and N2O production. This database additionally sets a baseline for comparison with future observations and guides future exploration (e.g., measurements in the poorly sampled regions such as the Indian Ocean and method comparison and/or standardization). The database is publicly available at the Zenodo repository: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8355912 (Tang et al., 2023).
AIS for Malware Detection in a Realistic IoT System: Challenges and Opportunities

With the expansion of the digital world, the number of Internet of things (IoT) devices is evolving dramatically. IoT devices have limited computational power and a small memory. Consequently, existing and complex security methods are not suitable to detect unknown malware attacks in IoT networks. This has become a major concern in the advent of increasingly unpredictable and innovative cyberattacks. In this context, artificial immune systems (AISs) have emerged as an effective malware detection mechanism with low requirements for computation and memory. In this research, we first validate the malware detection results of a recent AIS solution using multiple datasets with different types of malware attacks. Next, we examine the potential gains and limitations of promising AIS solutions under realistic implementation scenarios. We design a realistic IoT framework mimicking real-life IoT system architectures. The objective is to evaluate the AIS solutions’ performance with regard to the system constraints. We demonstrate that AIS solutions succeed in detecting unknown malware in the most challenging conditions. Furthermore, the systemic results with different system architectures reveal the AIS solutions’ ability to transfer learning between IoT devices. Transfer learning is a pivotal feature in the presence of highly constrained devices in the network. More importantly, this work highlights that previously published AIS performance results, which were obtained in a simulation environment, cannot be taken at face value. In reality, AIS’s malware detection accuracy for IoT systems is 91% in the most restricted designed system compared to the 99% accuracy rate reported in the simulation experiment.
Early Onset Scoliosis and Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Review of the Literature and Correlations With Pulmonary Dysfunction

In the management of early onset scoliosis (EOS) and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), orthopedic surgeons are tasked with considering the effects that curves and their treatment can have on the respiratory system, possibly the most relevant being pulmonary dysfunction due to thoracic cage changes. The pulmonary impairment that occurs as a result of scoliosis varies widely and requires a multimodal response, including physiologic testing, such as pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and consistent psychosocial monitoring of the patient. This forces healthcare providers to consider all factors affecting the patient's quality of life (QOL) and not just the primary pathology they are treating. One method that could be utilized to ensure a more holistic approach to treatment is the use of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) to assess the QOL domains. Thus, this review serves to highlight the importance of addressing and correcting pulmonary dysfunction in the care of children with EOS and AIS in a holistic manner.
The critical role of interleukin-6 in protection against neurotropic flavivirus infection

West Nile virus (WNV) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) are emerging mosquito-borne flaviviruses causing encephalitis globally. No specific drug or therapy exists to treat flavivirus-induced neurological diseases. The lack of specific therapeutics underscores an urgent need to determine the function of important host factors involved in flavivirus replication and disease progression. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) upregulation has been observed during viral infections in both mice and humans, implying that it may influence the disease outcome significantly. Herein, we investigated the function of IL-6 in the pathogenesis of neurotropic flavivirus infections. First, we examined the role of IL-6 in flavivirus-infected human neuroblastoma cells, SK-N-SH, and found that IL-6 neutralization increased the WNV or JEV replication and inhibited the expression of key cytokines. We further evaluated the role of IL-6 by infecting primary mouse cells derived from IL-6 knockout (IL-6−/−) mice and wild-type (WT) mice with WNV or JEV. The results exhibited increased virus yields in the cells lacking the IL-6 gene. Next, our in vivo approach revealed that IL-6−/− mice had significantly higher morbidity and mortality after subcutaneous infection with the pathogenic WNV NY99 or JEV Nakayama strain compared to WT mice. The non-pathogenic WNV Eg101 strain did not cause mortality in WT mice but resulted in 60% mortality in IL-6−/− mice, indicating that IL-6 is required for the survival of mice after the peripheral inoculation of WNV or JEV. We also observed significantly higher viremia and brain viral load in IL-6−/− mice than in WT mice. Subsequently, we explored innate immune responses in WT and IL-6−/− mice after WNV NY99 infection. Our data demonstrated that the IL-6−/− mice had reduced levels of key cytokines in the serum during early infection but elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the brain later, along with suppressed anti-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, mRNA expression of IFN-α and IFN-β was significantly lower in the infected IL-6−/− mice. In conclusion, these data suggest that the lack of IL-6 exacerbates WNV or JEV infection in vitro and in vivo by causing an increase in virus replication and dysregulating host immune response.
STUDY ON NUTRIENT-SUPPLY CAPACITY OF BLACK SOIL AND ITS CHANGE

5-year-fixed experiments indicated that spontaneous nutrientsuppling capacihes of typical black soil in Song Nen Plain were : nitrogen, around 90%, phosphorus, over 95%; and potalsium, 100%. The amounts of N, P and K released from farmland were 55- 99 kg / ha. year, 14- 26 kg / ha. year and 48- 93 kg / ha. year seperately. Although black soil farmland has rather high potenhal fertility, its dependence on ferhlizahon is rising gradually. The spontaneous supplying capacity of nitrogen decreased from 90% to 60% in the treatment with no nitrogen appling during the 5 years, and that of phosphorus declined from 95% to 80-90% in the treatment without phosphorus applicahon during the 5 years.