Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dead or Alive? The Ebbs and Flows of Keynesianism Over the History of Macroeconomics

The aim of this paper is to recount the ebbs and flows of Keynesianism over the history of macroeconomics. The bulk of the paper consists of a discussion of the main episodes of the unfolding of macroeconomics ( Keynesian macroeconomics, monetarism, new classical macroeconomics, real business cycle models and new neoclassical synthesis models) against the background of a distinction between Keynesianism as a ‘moderately conservative’ (Keynes’s words) vision about the working of the market system and Keyneisanism as a conceptual apparatus. Particular attention is given to the contrast between Keynesian and Lucasian macroeconomics. The paper ends with a few remarks about the impact of the present crisis on the development of macroeconomic theory.
Modelling of the Initial Deformation of TriPleX Based Bimorph Actuators Used in Alignment of Optical Waveguides

A lot of research is being done in the field of Photonic Integrated Circuits (PICs) for use in telecom, datacom, optical sensing and visible light applications. Optical packaging of these PICs is still a challenge; increasing complexity leads to a higher number of interconnects and, combined with the need for sub-micrometer accuracy, this places a significant burden on the overall packaging costs. One proposed method of optical packaging of multichannel PICs focusses on the alignment of waveguides using an actuator integrated into the waveguide beam. The waveguide itself consists of a small silicon nitride core surrounded by a thick silicon oxide cladding (TriPleX). Typical dimensions for these waveguide beams are 16 ? m in thickness and width and 250 to 1000 ? m in length. By depositing of a layer of polysilicon on top of the waveguide beam, it is effectively turned into a bimorph actuator. Heating the polysilicon, and subsequently the TriPleX beam below, causes a deflection of the endpoint of the waveguide in vertical direction. This deflection can be varied to find the optimal alignment between waveguides. Due to the characteristics of the deposition process, mainly the high temperature, layered structures are subject to residual stress when cooled down to room temperature. This residual stress consists of a thermal part, caused by the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the two layers, and an intrinsic part, which is related to, among others, impurities introduced during deposition and structural mismatch at the interface between layers. This residual stress causes an initial deformation of the bimorph waveguide beam, in the form of curvature and elongation. In order to accurately align the waveguides the initial deformation of the bimorph beam needs to be known. Predicting this deformation is the subject of this thesis.
VCSEL/CMOS smart pixel arrays for free-space optical interconnects

This paper describes a VCSEL-Si smart pixel array technology, developed at the University of Colorado, and reports on an optoelectronic processor that is based on these hybrid SPAs. This effort is unique in the processing complexity of the pixels, in the bidirectionary of the optical interconnects, and in the thermosonic bonding of the VCSEL and silicon chips.
Exploiting Context‐Awareness in Cluster‐Based Wireless Sensor Networks

Most of the wireless sensor network's (WSN's) applications require getting accurate information as well as uninterrupted, prolonged service life. Among the constituting elements of WSN, an efficient routing protocol plays a significant role in attaining such service requirements. In this article, an energy efficient routing protocol, context‐aware clustering hierarchy (CACH), is proposed where cluster formation is based on the context of the environment. Moreover, a technique is utilized to avoid similar data traffic across the network. The performance in the simulation shows energy saving which ensures prolonged service life. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Econometric analysis of ship life cycles - are safety inspections effective?

Due to the shipping industry’s international legal framework and the existence of loopholes in the system, an estimated 5-10 percent of substandard ships exist which are more likely to have incidents with high economic cost. This article uses ship life cycles to provide insight into the effectiveness of inspections on prolonging ship lives. We account for fluctuations in the relevant economic environment and the (possible time-varying) ship particulars. We use a unique dataset containing information on the timing of accidents, inspections, ship particular changes of more than fifty thousand ships over a 29 year time period (1978-2007). The results of our duration analysis reveal that the shipping industry is a relative safe industry but there is a possible over-inspection of vessels. It also reveals the need to improve transparency related to class withdrawals and changes of classification of the vessel. Another interesting finding is that for the majority of ship types an increase in earnings decreases the incident rate. This is in contrast to the industry perception of the impact of earnings. The effect of inspections vary across ship types and the prevention of incidents with high economic costs can be improved by better coordination of inspections, data sharing and a decrease in the number of inspections . Further, more emphasis should be placed on the rectification and follow up of deficiencies.
Regelung der Leistungsaufteilung von Parallelhybridfahrzeugen: Von der optimalen Steuerung zur Echtzeitanwendung (On the Power Split Control of Parallel Hybrid Vehicles: from Global Optimization towards Real-time Control)

Abstract In this paper, the optimal power split control law of a parallel hybrid powertrain is calculated for various driving conditions. It is shown that this optimal feedforward control law corresponds to a real-time control design based on the concept of equivalence factors. Certain properties of these equivalence factors are presented, which will lead to the design of a real-time controller.
The Electronic Communications and Transactions Act 25 of 2002 : facilitating electronic commerce

Ontwikkelinge op die gebied van tegnologie baan die weg vir papierlose handel waar kontrakte gesluit word by wyse van 'n elektroniese medium en nie deur die tradisionele uitruil van mondelinge of skriftelike wilsverklarings nie. Alhoewel hierdie nuwe medium eindelose moontlikhede bied vir sakelui en handelaars, skep dit terselfdertyd ook unieke uitdagings aan die reg om voorsiening te maak dat die omgewing waarin handel gedryf word veilig is en met vertroue gebruik kan word. Die Wet op Elektroniese Kommunikasie en Transaksies, 25 van 2002, verleen erkenning en regsekerheid aan elektroniese transaksies aangegaan binne Suid-Afrika en verleen terselfdertyd ook beskerming aan gebruikers van die elektroniese medium. Hierdie artikel poog om die inhoud van die wet kortliks saam te vat en krities te beskou. Weens die geweldige omvang van die wet is dit onmoontlik om al die aspekte indringend te bespreek en is die primere fokus dus op die praktiese implikasies vir elektroniese kontraksluiting, soos byvoorbeeld op skrifstelling, handtekeninge, en tyd en plek van kontraksluiting.
Combined switching harmonics from multiple grid-connected single-phase inverters

The paper is concerned with the manner in which random phase harmonics, and in particular switching harmonics, caused by multiple devices connected to a common single phase supply, combine. Simple cancellation rules are suggested based on probabilistic integrals and Monte Carlo simulation. The analysis is general in that it applies equally to harmonics of all orders (of the fundamental) and to both current sources (generators) and sinks (loads). Formulas for both equal and unequal harmonic magnitudes are presented.
Stability Analysis of Tunnel Surrounding Rock and Shotcrete Lining and Rock Bolts Based on Strength Reduction Finite Element Method

Based on the practical engineering ,by using the 3D-FEM of elastic-plasticity, a reasonable model for simulation of tunnel excavation and shotcrete lining and rock bolts builds up, surrounding rock using Mohr-Coulomb constitutive model of ABAQUS, lining using Concrete Damaged Plasticity constitutive model, and bolt using elastic-plasticity constitutive model. By using strength reduction finite element method, analysis for safety coefficient of stability of surrounding rock with primary shotcrete lining and rock bolts under the four limit state criteria. It is concluded that the appearance of divergence of the computation may precede by displacement of characteristic points, The safety coefficient of the running-through of the plastic zone of the surrounding rock and the running-through of the plastic zone of the shotcrete and a great amount of rock bolts yielding are less than the divergence of the computation and displacement of characteristic points.
MCQW intensity optical modulator for InP based MMIC/photonics integrated circuits

Chip level integration of photonic devices and MMICs (monolithic microwave integrated circuits) are discussed. The focus is on an InP-based multicoupled quantum well (MCQW) intensity optical modulator. In the proposed configuration, the microwave field induces a periodic structure via the electrorefractive effect. The interaction of light with the induced grating yielding a modulated optical signal. The structure and expected performance of the device are discussed. Simulations reveal that a 270- mu m-long device, operating at -40 V, has a projected bandwidth of 14 GHz at a modulation depth of 0.5. The optical loss for this device length is only 0.24 dB. <<ETX>>
Silicon Microdisk Resonators for Nonlinear Optics and Dynamics

Silicon is incredibly well-studied as an electronic material. Since the out-migration of William Noyce, Gordon Moore, and the rest of the original Fairchild Semiconductor class from Shockley Semiconductor, silicon has only grown in prominence. Untold billions have been expended on research, development, and manufacture, and now silicon is perhaps the most well-controlled commercial material on Earth. For all that, the use of silicon as a mechanical material, though envisioned in the late 1950s, largely became viable only after the advent of large-scale silicon processing for microelectronics. As an optical material, silicon also has a long pedigree, with most of the positive focus on its excellent optical transparency and the enormous potential for improvement residing in its lack of effective emission. This thesis concerns an alternate route to the generation of light in silicon: the nonlinear route. Resonant elements play a critical role in making this viable. The ability to build up optical intensity in the confined volume of a microresonator reduces the input power required to achieve a given energy density. Silicon also has certain excellent nonlinear properties: a large Raman gain coefficient, for example, and an appreciable Kerr effect. Unfortunately, silicon also exhibits significant two-photon absorption (TPA) in the convenient telecommunications wavelength bands. As such, the build-up of optical energy in silion may also be accompanied by a build-up of TPA-induced free-carrier populations. These populations may serve to limit the efficiency of nonlinear processes or to generate additional nonlinear behavior in their interactions with optical fields. Thus two important stepping-stones on the way to the low-power,low-footprint use of silicon as an optical material are: the need to reduce optical losses in the optical elements, and to reduce or modify the populations of free carriers generated in the nonlinear optics regime. This thesis will present design considerations of, fabrication techniques developed for, and characterization techniques of high-Q silicon microresonators. In the course of this work, we have created silicon microdisk resonators with quality factors as high as 5×10^6, and high-Q silicon microdisks with free-carrier lifetimes in the deep subnanosecond regime (Q=5–6×10^5 and carrier lifetimes ≤ 240 ps). These results, with no indication that higher quality factors or shorter carrier lifetimes are not possible in similar structures, indicate that coherent, CW optical generation in passive silicon microresonators is approaching feasibility.
Human error revisited: some lessons for situation awareness

Situation awareness (SA) has received increasing exposure over the last decade. However, a universally accepted definition of SA has yet to emerge. This means that there is no clear exposition of the relative importance of the different aspects of SA and of which aspects require further investigation. Similar problems have been previously solved by human error researchers. By reflecting on the solutions to those problems, several lessons have been identified to help frame future SA research. These lessons suggest that all types of behaviour and performance need to be considered. The distinction between the manifestations and causes of the inevitable breakdowns in SA has to be clarified so that SA can be managed effectively. The concept of SA also has to account for all the contextual factors that affect it. Failure to heed these lessons could cause SA researchers to revisit problems that have already been solved.
Ground-Motion Modeling for Istanbul Using Geographical Information Systems

In disaster management, especially where earthquake loss assessment is concerned, one key parameter is the modeling of the ground movement. The model, developed by using ArcToolbox and Model Builder tools of ArcGIS, calculates the PGA and SA values in defined frequencies for the Kalkan and Gulkan [2002] ground-motion model and prepares acceleration distribution maps in raster format within the borders of Istanbul. To obtain the maximum shear velocity (Vs) values of the ground, two data sources were used. The first is the geological map of Istanbul in vector format, digitized from 1:25000 scale geological maps. The second is the drilling data included in the Study on A Disaster Prevention / Mitigation Basic Plan in Istanbul including Seismic Microzonation [JICA & Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality, 2002] from 439 drilling locations in Istanbul. Fault data is prepared using the fault map prepared by the Turkish Petroleum Corporation in 1999 by marking the major segments of the North Anatolian Fault. The model asks the user the magnitude, depth, coordinates of the epicenter, and the path which the output rasters will be saved.
Study of the electronic control strategy for the power train of hybrid electric vehicle

In this paper, the configuration of a parallel hybrid vehicle is introduced. Several operation modes of the engine and electric motor and different control strategies are analyzed. The results show that, with proper control strategies and selection of the drive-train parameters, the vehicle can satisfy the urban and highway driving with a small internal combustion engine, a small battery pack and a single gear transmission. Moreover, the vehicle does not need to charge the battery from the electricity network for keeping its battery SOC at a reasonable level.
Encapsulation Of Flip Chip Structures

Flip chip technology, applied to printed wire board substrates, offers a minimization of IC package size on conventional, low cost assemblies as well as a reduction in interconnect inductance. Extensive mechanical fatigue of flip chip interconnects during thermal cycling is of critical concern due to the severe thermal expansion rate mismatch between the silicon die and typical organic substrates. In this study, an extensive thermomechanical finite element analysis of flip chip assemblies suggests that the thermal cycle reliability of the interconnections can be dramatically enhanced through the introduction of a rigid encapsulant layer between the chip and the substrate. Through an understanding of the mechanics of the assembly, the effects of geometrical design and material properties on interconnect thermal cycle performance and induced stress on the silicon device were predicted. Based on thew results, a flip chip structure employing a conventional FR4 substrate was constructed and was found to have exceptional thermal cycle reliability. An analysis of material requirements and proces! ;ing constraints is also presented.
Radikale innovationer i services med kunden som partner: Forhold af betydning!

I artiklen argumenteres der for, at kunder kan være aktive partnere i forbindelse med radikale service innovationer. Artiklen er bygget op omkring en teoretisk forståelse af hvad radikal innovation er og hvad kundeinvolvering er og kan være, herunder hvilke udfordringer der er. På baggrund af en case omkring radikale service innovationer i en rådgivende ingeniørvirksomhed argumenteres der for de særlige udfordringer, der er, når kunder inddrages i radikale service innovationer. Konklusionen er, at det dels kræver en anden forståelse og tilgang til kunde/leverandør relationen, desuden at der er behov for løbende samarbejde, hvor kreativitet er afgørende. Dette stiller krav til nye måder at kommunikere mellem kunder og rådgiver.
Integration of Biorefineries and Nuclear Cogeneration Power Plants - A Preliminary Analysis

Biomass-based ethanol and nuclear power are two viable elements in the path to U.S. energy independence. Numerous studies suggest nuclear power could provide a practical carbon-free heat source alternative for the production of biomass-based ethanol. In order for this coupling to occur, it is necessary to examine the interfacial requirements of both nuclear power plants and bioethanol refineries. This report describes the proposed characteristics of a small cogeneration nuclear power plant, a biochemical process-based cellulosic bioethanol refinery, and a thermochemical process-based cellulosic biorefinery. Systemic and interfacial issues relating to the co-location of either type of bioethanol facility with a nuclear power plant are presented and discussed. Results indicate future co-location efforts will require a new optimized energy strategy focused on overcoming the interfacial challenges identified in the report.
Reliability of lightning resistant overhead power distribution lines

An assessment of the 32 year historical reliability of the 13.8 kV electrical distribution system at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in Tennessee has yielded several conclusions useful In the planning of Industrial power Systems. The system configuration at ORNL has essentially remained unchanged in the last 32 years which allows a meaningful comparison of reliability trends for the plant`s eight overhead distribution lines, two of which were built in the 1960`s with lightning resistant construction techniques. Meticulous records indicating the cause, duration, and location of 135 electric outages in the plant`s distribution system have allowed a reliability assessment to be performed. The assessment clearly shows how differences in voltage construction class, length, age, and maximum elevation above a reference elevation influence the reliability of overhead power distribution lines. Comparisons are also made between the ORNL historical data and predicted failure rates from ANSI and IEEE industry surveys.
Collaborative knowledge work environments

How can the physical design of the workplace enhance collaborations without compromising an individual's productivity? The body of research on the links between physical space and collaboration in knowledge work settings is reviewed. Collaboration is viewed as a system of behaviours that includes both social and solitary work. The social aspects of collaboration are discussed in terms of three dimensions: awareness, brief interaction and collaboration (working together). Current knowledge on the links between space and the social as well as individual aspects of collaborative work is reviewed. The central conflict of collaboration is considered: how to design effectively to provide a balance between the need to interact and the need to work effectively by oneself. The body of literature shows that features and attributes of space can be manipulated to increase awareness, interaction and collaboration. However, doing so frequently has negative impacts on individual work as a result of increases in noise distractions and interruptions to on-going work. The effects are most harmful for individual tasks requiring complex and focused mental work. The negative effects are compounded by a workplace that increasingly suffers from cognitive overload brought on by time stress, increased workload and multitasking.
Design and Electromagnetic FEM Analysis of a High Gradient Magnet for the Magnetic Targeted Drug Delivery System

Magnetic targeted-drug delivery system (MTDs) works as a promising cancer treatment approach, and is entering the mainstream. It applies an external magnetic field to attract and guide the magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) carrying treatment agent and targeted antibodies to the lesion region. Its key factor is the high gradient magnet. Here three types of magnets are proposed, i.e., open circuit magnet, close circuit magnet with planar poles, and close circuit magnet with concave-convex poles. And then their magnet field distributions are calculated through the finite element method (FEM). The simulation results are compared with each other and the measurement of Gauss Meter for the manufactured magnet, and the primary experimental result is also reported. It is found the closed magnet circuit with concave-convex poles shows about 2.0 and 1.2 times higher magnetic field intensity (H) than the open magnet circuit and the close magnet circuit with planar poles, respectively. Most important is it owns largest Grad (H) (1.0 e6 A/m2) among three magnets. The simulation agrees well with the measurement, and the primary experimental results also show the magnet can attract MNPs efficiently. Hence the calculation enables provide with credible input for the further trajectory simulation for MNPs.
MiR-376a inhibits non-small cell lung cancer cell progression by regulating Rab1A

Post transcriptional gene regulation of microRNA-376a (miR-376a) plays a crucial role for tumorigenesis and cancer development. However, the potential role of miR-367a in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the crucial role of miR-376a in NSCLC by analyzing miR-376a expression as well as its target genes. Through overexpression strategies, we uncovered the molecular mechanisms underlying miR-376a-mediated tumorigenesis. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis demonstrated miR-376a levels to be significantly decreased in NSCLC cells compared with non-tumorigenic counterparts. Interestingly, miR-376a overexpression potentially repressed NSCLC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, but increased apoptosis in A549 cells. Using bioinformatic approaches, we predicted that miR-376a targets Rab1A, and further luciferase fusion assay demonstrated Rab1A was a direct target of miR-376a and miR-376a inhibited cell proliferation by regulating the mRNA and protein levels of Rab1A in NSCLC cells. Overall, our findings uncover the miR-376a could suppress NSCLC cells progression via directly targeting Rab1A.
High-gain compact circularly polarised microstrip antenna

Design of a high gain, small microstrip antenna with circular polarisation (CP) radiation is demonstrated. The small size of the microstrip antenna results from both the high-permittivity superstrate loading and the slits cut in the patch. In addition, the antenna gain is enhanced by setting the superstrate thickness at about one-quarter of the wavelength in the superstrate layer. A typical design with a 30%, decrease in antenna size and a 5.2 dB increase in antenna gain, as compared to the conventional CP design, is presented and analysed.