Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deficiencia de hierro en enfermedad renal crónica

Contexto: la deficiencia de hierro es un trastorno frecuentemente observado en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC), sobre todo en estadios avanzados. Su presencia se asocia a una mayor morbilidad y mortalidad. La deficiencia de hierro puede ser absoluta o funcional. La deficiencia absoluta se refiere a una ausencia o una reducción de las reservas de hierro, mientras que la deficiencia funcional se define por la presencia de depósitos de hierro adecuados pero con una disponibilidad insuficiente de hierro para su incorporación en los precursores eritroides. Varios factores de riesgo contribuyen a la deficiencia absoluta y funcional de hierro en ERC, incluyendo pérdidas hemáticas, absorción alterada de hierro e inflamación crónica. Objetivo: con esta revisión narrativa se pretende presentar las definiciones, los aspectos fisiopatológicos, los criterios diagnósticos y las medidas terapéuticas en el paciente con diagnóstico de ERC con deficiencia de hierro. Metodología: se realizó una revisión no sistemática de la literatura en la base de datos PubMed, incluyendo además las guías internacionales más utilizadas que abordan el tema de deficiencia de hierro en ERC. Resultados: se incluyeron un total de 30 referencias bibliográficas. La deficiencia de hierro puede ser absoluta o relativa y el déficit absoluto de hierro se produce con valores de ferritina < 100 mcg/l y saturación de transferrina (TSAT) < 20? %, mientras que la deficiencia funcional está en relación con niveles de ferritina > 100 mcg/l, pero con una TSAT < 20? %. El tratamiento del déficit absoluto consta de reposición de hierro oral o endovenoso y en pacientes que aún no reciben diálisis, se puede hacer una prueba terapéutica con hierro oral, de no haber respuesta se optará por hierro endovenoso, mientras que en pacientes que sí reciben diálisis, la medida ideal es el hierro endovenoso, preferiblemente en preparaciones que permitan esquemas de altas dosis y bajas frecuencias de administración. Las metas propuestas por las distintas guías presentan variaciones entre 500 y 700 mcg/l de ferritina. Conclusiones: el déficit de hierro debe buscarse activamente en pacientes con ERC, ya que su presencia y la falta de intervención conlleva a un incremento en los desenlaces adversos. La terapia con hierro es el pilar del tratamiento y la elección del agente a utilizar dependerá de las características individuales del paciente y de la disponibilidad de las preparaciones de hierro oral o endovenoso.
Osmotic Adjustment in Commercial Cotton Cultivars Under Drought Stress

Water is one of the most important factors for crop growth and productivity. Cotton is considered to be a relatively drought tolerant crop but plant metabolism and yield are still compromised under drought conditions. Differences in drought tolerance exist between cultivars but the metabolic reasons for this that could be used to find traits for enhancing drought tolerance have not been clearly elucidated. Under drought stress, osmotic adjustment occurs in plant cells through accumulation of compatible solutes in the cytosol and plays a role of reducing the osmotic potential of the cell in order to maintain cell turgor and growth. The objective of this study was to characterize the osmotic adjustment of two commercial cotton cultivars under drought stress during the flowering stage. A field experiment was conducted in Lubbock, TX in 2013. Treatments consisted of two cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars, ST5288 and PHY499, and two water regimes, well-watered and water-stressed. Water was withheld for 10 days at flowering and the field was rewatered 12 hours before the measurements. Osmotic potential was measured and samples were collected for proline content. At the harvest, bolls from 1 m of harvest row of each plot were collected for number of bolls, weight of bolls, and yield. Osmotic adjustment was greater in leaves and ovaries under water stress in both cultivars compared with well-watered conditions. But the difference in osmotic potential was significantly higher in leaves of the ST5288 and the ovaries of the PHY499. Water stress increased proline concentrations in both organs of the two cultivars. However, the proline accumulation due to the water stress was considerably higher in the ovaries than in the leaves in both cultivars. As in most plants, leaf osmotic potential is reduced under drought conditions, but cotton seems to have the ability to osmotically adjust and maintain a higher leaf turgor potential. Drought stress caused shedding of bolls reducing the yield, but the osmotic adjustment contributed for the plants to maintain the weight of retained bolls.
Screening of silicate bacteria and bio-leaching silicon from silicate ores

In order to obtain some strains of bacterium which may liberate silicon ores,three strains of bacterium were isolated from silicate fertilizer.In comparison with mold strains of Bacillus mucilaginosus,the phenotype characteristics such as morphology,physiology and bio-chemical tests show that JXF strains belong to Bacillus mucilaginosus.In this experiment,five silicate ores samples containing alumino-silicates were leached with JXF-1.The leaching results indicate that leaching with silicate bacteria is useful for the improvement of low grade-high silicon dioxide bauxite.
Relationship between El Nio and sea surface temperature variation in coastal region of Yellow Sea and East China Sea

Based on long-term sea surface temperature(SST) data from eight hydrological observation stations,the seasonal and inter-annual variations of SST,especially the SST anomaly variation during two El Nio periods from 1982 to 1983 and from 1997 to 1998,in the coastal region of the Yellow Sea and East China Sea were analyzed.The possible mechanism of the El Nio southern oscillation(ENSO) effect on the SST variation in the coastal region of the Yellow Sea and East China Sea was analyzed.The results show that in the El Nio years the summer monsoon was weak,the Okhotsk high was strong,the Western Pacific subtropical high ridge surface moved southward and strengthened,and the rainfall in the Huaihe Basin and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,was above normal,leading to a low SST in the coastal region of the Yellow Sea and East China Sea.The SST in the coastal region of the Yellow Sea and East China Sea was affected by ENSO and Pacific decadal oscillation(PDO). The SST was low in the winter half-year before the occurrence of the El Nio event and in the El Nio year,and high in the year subsequent to the El Nio event.El Nio affected SST variation through atmospheric and oceanic channels.The SST anomaly was dominated by a negative anomaly during the period from 1982 to 1983 and a positive anomaly during the period from 1997 to 1998.During the ENSO period,the north equatorial current was weak,resulting in a dramatic drop in the heat transport of the Kuroshio Current and a low SST.The SST was significantly affected by the local temperature.If the temperature over East Asia rose during the ENSO period,the SST would be high over the Yellow Sea and East China Sea.
Conjugated Polymer Process Ontology and Experimental Data Repository for Organic Field-Effect Transistors

Polymer-based semiconductors and organic electronics encapsulate a significant research thrust for informatics-driven materials development. However, device measurements are described by a complex array of design and parameter choices, many of which are sparsely reported. For example, the mobility of a polymer-based organic field-effect transistor (OFET) may vary by several orders of magnitude for a given polymer as a plethora of parameters related to solution processing, interface design/surface treatment, thin-film deposition, postprocessing, and measurement settings have a profound effect on the value of the final measurement. Incomplete contextual, experimental details hamper the availability of reusable data applicable for data-driven optimization, modeling (e.g., machine learning), and analysis of new organic devices. To curate organic device databases that contain reproducible and findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR) experimental data records, data ontologies that fully describe sample provenance and process history are required. However, standards for generating such process ontologies are not widely adopted for experimental materials domains. In this work, we design and implement an object–relational database for storing experimental records of OFETs. A data structure is generated by drawing on an international standard for batch process control (ISA-88) to facilitate the design. We then mobilize these representative data records, curated from the literature and laboratory experiments, to enable data-driven learning of process–structure–property relationships. The work presented herein opens the door for the broader adoption of data management practices and design standards for both the organic electronics and the wider materials community.
A Retrospective Exploratory Analysis for Serum Extracellular Vesicles Reveals APRIL (TNFSF13), CXCL13, and VEGF-A as Prognostic Biomarkers for Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is widely used as a standard treatment for early-stage triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). While patients who achieve pathologic complete response (pCR) have a highly favorable outcome, patients who do not achieve pCR have variable prognoses. It is important to identify patients who are most likely to have poor survival outcomes to identify candidates for more aggressive therapeutic approaches after NAC. Many studies have demonstrated that cytokines and growth factors packaged into extracellular vesicles (EVs) have an essential role in tumor progression and drug resistance. In this study, we examined the role of serum-derived EV-associated cytokines as prognostic biomarkers for long-term outcomes in patients who underwent anthracycline–taxane-based NAC. We isolated extracellular vesicles from the serum of 190 TNBC patients who underwent NAC between 2015 and 2018 at Samsung Medical Center. EV-associated cytokine concentrations were measured with ProcartaPlex Immune Monitoring 65-plex panels. The prognostic value of EV-associated cytokines was studied. We found that patients with high EV_APRIL, EV_CXCL13, and EV_VEGF-A levels had shorter overall survival (OS). We further evaluated the role of these selected biomarkers as prognostic factors in patients with residual disease (RD) after NAC. Even in patients with RD, high levels of EV_APRIL, EV_CXCL13, and EV_VEGF-A were correlated with poor OS. In all subgroup analyses, EV_CXCL13 overexpression was significantly associated with poor overall survival. Moreover, multivariate analysis indicated that a high level of EV_CXCL13 was an independent predictor of poor OS. Correlation analysis between biomarker levels in EVs and serum showed that EV_VEGF-A positively correlated with soluble VEGF-A but not CXCL13. An elevated level of soluble VEGF-A was also associated with poor OS. These findings suggest that EV_APRIL, EV_CXCL13, and EV_VEGF-A may be useful in identifying TNBC patients at risk of poor survival outcomes after NAC.
Diffuse greenhouse covering materials material technology, measurements and evaluation of optical properties

At high irradiation levels, diffuse greenhouse coverings result in better light distribution, lower crop temperature, decreased transpiration, and increased photosynthesis and growth. Various greenhouse coverings (plastic films, glass panes and temporal coatings) can be used to transform direct light into diffuse light. However, light diffusing properties of materials are hardly known. Optical properties of a wide range of materials are being currently investigated, including direct light transmission under different angles of incidence, transmission for hemispherical light and haze. The potential of diffusing greenhouse covering materials is estimated by analyzing the global radiation data for different climatic regions: marine winter climate (The Netherlands), Mediterranean mild winter climate (Italy) and semi-arid climate (Arizona). The required optical properties differ for the various climates. With modern material technology, the optical properties (haze and light transmission) can be altered to meet the requirements for different climatic regions in order to optimize crop performance in the future.
HALLAZGOS ACERCA DEL BIENESTAR PSICOLÓGICO EN LAS PERSONAS MAYORES. UN RECORRIDO POR DIVERSOS ESTUDIOS

El presente trabajo pretende abordar el bienestar psicologico en las personas mayores a partir del analisis de variados hallazgos de investigacion. En primer lugar se define el concepto, distinguiendolo del bienestar subjetivo e identificando sus distintas dimensiones. Luego, y a partir de estudios realizados en la ciudad de Mar del Plata, se analizan las diferencias halladas en el bienestar psicologico global y en cada una de sus dimensiones entre sujetos de diferentes franjas etareas. Se observa que el bienestar psicologico global no presenta diferencias estadisticas significativas segun grupo de edad –al igual que la dimension vinculos-. Sin embargo, si se aprecian estas diferencias en tres de las cuatro dimensiones exploradas. Mientras las puntuaciones de aceptacion/control y autonomia aumentan con la edad,las correspondientes a proyectos siguen el sentido inverso.Una posterior exploracion cualitativa de dichas dimensiones mediante la implementacion de grupos focales con sujetos de 60 a 75 anos permite concluir que las personas mayores siguen teniendo proyectos aunque suelen no percibirlos como tales. Esto permitiria pensar que las bajas puntuaciones que obtienen en dicha dimension se deba mas a una cuestion de contenido y significacion de los proyectos que a la ausencia o escasez de los mismos. Palabras Clave bienestar psicologico vejez evaluacion Abstract FINDINGS ABOUT PYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING IN THE ELDERLY. A REVIEW OF VARIOUS STUDIES This paper aims to address the psychological well-being in the elderly, analyzing various research findings. First, psychological wellbeing is defined and its dimensions are identified. The difference between subjective and psychological well-being is done. Then, the differences of overall and dimensional psychological well-being punctuations among groups of age are analyzed from studies that have been carried out in Mar del Plata city. Statistically significant differences by age group were not found in overall psychological wellbeing and in social tie dimensions. However, significant differences were appreciated in three out of four dimensions explored. While scores of acceptance / control and autonomy increase with age, those for projects decrease. A further qualitative exploration of these dimensions -by implementing focus groups with people aged 60 to 75- shows that older people still have projects but usually do not perceive them as such.It is concluded that low scores obtained in this dimension may be due to a question of project’s significance more than to an absence them. Key Words Psychological wellbeing elderly assessment
Triangle Inequality for Inverse Optimal Control

Inverse optimal control (IOC) is a problem of estimating a cost function based on the behaviors of an expert that behaves optimally with respect to the cost function. Although the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation for the value function that evaluates the temporal integral of the cost function provides a necessary condition for the optimality of expert behaviors, the use of the HJB equation alone is insufficient for solving the IOC problem. In this study, we propose a triangle inequality which is useful for estimating the better representation of the value function, along with a new IOC method incorporating the triangle inequality. Through several IOC problems and imitation learning problems of time-dependent control behaviors, we show that our IOC method performs substantially better than an existing IOC method. Showing our IOC method is also applicable to an imitation of expert control of a 2-link manipulator, we demonstrate applicability of our method to real-world problems.
A 55-nm Three-Stage Operational Transconductance Amplifier With Single Cascode Miller Compensation for Large Capacitive Loads

With the scaling down of the transistor technology, intrinsic gains of the devices are continuously dropping. Meanwhile, high-gain operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) using technologies with reduced feature sizes are required in various applications. This article presents a 55-nm-fabricated three-stage OTA with a single cascode Miller capacitor for driving large capacitive loads. To achieve a high dc gain, a gain enhancement (GE) circuit is used in the first stage to boost the overall voltage gain to above 100 dB. To obtain a stable frequency response, a cascode Miller compensation scheme together with the GE circuits are used to push the nondominant complex pole to higher frequency and adjust the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-factor. The proposed three-stage OTA is implemented in a 55-nm low-power (LP) CMOS process and occupies an area of 0.005 mm2. A current consumption of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$157 \mu \text{A}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> can be measured with a supply voltage of 1.2 V. The measured results show that this three-stage OTA can achieve stable frequency and transient step responses when driving 2.5-to-30-nF capacitive loads. With a 15-nF capacitive load, a gain bandwidth (GBW) of 0.82 MHz, a phase margin (PM) of 53°, an average slew rate of 0.13 V/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and an average 1% settling time of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2.62 \mu \text{s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> can be achieved.
A Review of Effects of Soil Environmental Changes on Soil Microbe

Soil microbe, an indicator of soil health, plays an important role in nutrient cycling as well as in soil formation and development and soil fertility maintenance and improvement. However, the soil microbe is sensitive to any chan ges in soil environment and related human activity. The present paper reviews im pacts of soil environmental variations on soil microbe activity and population d ynamics with a view to encouraging researches and management practices on soil m icrobe health and soil health.
Landscape Pattern Dynamics of Water Body in Kaifeng City since the End of the Qing Dynasty (AD1898-2002)

Based on historical data and remote sensing data, six indices including patch number, patch area, landscape dominance index, fractal dimension, patch density and connectivity index were used to analyze landscape pattern dynamics of water body in Kaifeng city since the end of the Qing Dynasty. The results showed: 1) Since the end of Qing Dynasty, landscape area of water body in Kaifeng city had experienced a process of increase first and then decrease from AD1898 to AD2002; the landscape dominant degree had the same change with the area. 2) Patch number of water landscape in Kaifeng city increased from AD1898 to AD2002, but the area of maximum patch, the area of minimum patch and the average patch area decreased, but patch density increased, resulting in an increase in landscape fragment degree. 3) Connectivity index decreased and fractal dimension increased from AD1898 to AD2002. The reasons for these changes include both natural factors and human factors. Prior to 1949, the impact of the Yellow River predominates and after 1949, the impact of anthropogenic activities play the leading role.
Complexo anatéctico de Figueira de Castelo Rodrigo-Lumbrales, Zona Centro Ibérica : análise preliminar do metamorfismo e geoquímica

Resumo: Na regiao de Figueira de Castelo Rodrigo – Lumbrales ocorrem espacialmente associadas rochas de alto grau metamorfico e diferentes tipos de granitoides. A analise geoquimica preliminar revela uma provavel relacao genetica entre os migmatitos e alguns dos granitoides analisados que, nesta perspectiva, sao considerados anatecticos e sin-orogenicos. No entanto na regiao ocorrem alguns granitoides sem aparente relacao genetica com os migmatitos aflorantes, que poderao ter sido gerados em periodo tardi-colisional. Palavras-chave: Complexo anatectico, Geoquimica, Metamorfismo, Fusao crustal.
Isopycnal and Diapycnal Mixing at the Cape Verde Frontal Zone

The Cape Verde Frontal Zone separates the North and the South Atlantic Central Waters in the eastern North Atlantic. It also represents the boundary between the ventilated subtropical gyre and the quasi-stagnant shadow zone in the southeast. The thermohaline front is nearly compensated with respect to density, and density parameters RP, suggest the existence of double-diffusive processes. Datasets from three cruises to the region, approximately one year apart each, are used to determine the effects of double-diffusive diapycnal versus isopycnal mixing. For this purpose results from the usual temperature-salinity analysis assuming isopycnal mixing are compared to results from a multiparameter analysis where nutrient and oxygen data are also used. Significant diapycnal fluxes are found in the frontal zone between 200 and 300 m, with water mass contents being changed by more than 20% through diapycnal mixing. The associated buoyancy fluxes have a similar magnitude as surface fluxes in the area and thus represent an important contribution to the vertical balances of heat and salt.
Detection of Authentication of Meat Products by Low Cost Closed-tube Molecular Methods

Nowadays adulteration of meat products, especially of ground meat products which form an easy case scenario for implementing adulteration practices due to their structure and texture, emerges a critical issue of raised concern threatening fair trade, food quality and consumers’ health and protection. Food authentication testing is the tool to address this kind of fraud. There is several analytical methodologies applied for meat authentication targeting at different biomarkers and using a variety of analytical techniques. However, the applied methodologies should exhibit suitable performance characteristics such as reliability, sensitivity, reproducibility and availability in order to be fit for purpose. During the last 20 years, amplification tests have emerged as an important diagnostic tool, not only for clinical applications, but also for food quality and safety. It was urgent to develop molecular techniques fast and sensitive. The introduction of new DNA technologies has facilitated the ease and accuracy of of methods for fraud detection. The closed-tube methods of Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and Gold Nanoparticles linked with oligonucleotides used as molecular probes are well known for their robust and highly sensitive and specific amplification of target DNA. Moreover, these techniques are rapid, low-cost diagnostics and available on site. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular methods developed that can be applied for investigating ground meat adul-teration and focuses on the advantages of the rapid closed tube methods that can yield color results interpreted with the naked eye. The application of such time- and cost-effective molecular tools in the food market is proposed to provide a first-level filter for meat adulterated products, serving as a complementary tool to the more in-depth -omics approach.