Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FFA and OFA encode distinct types of face identity information

39 Faces of different people elicit distinct functional MRI (fMRI) patterns in several face- 40 selective regions of the human brain. Here we used representational similarity analysis to 41 investigate what type of identity-distinguishing information is encoded in three face- 42 selective regions: fusiform face area (FFA), occipital face area (OFA), and posterior 43 superior temporal sulcus (pSTS). In a sample of 30 human participants (22 females, 8 44 males), we used fMRI to measure brain activity patterns elicited by naturalistic videos of 45 famous face identities, and compared their representational distances in each region with 46 models of the differences between identities. We built diverse candidate models, ranging 47 from low-level image-computable properties (pixel-wise, GIST, and Gabor-jet 48 dissimilarities), through higher-level image-computable descriptions (OpenFace deep 49 neural network, trained to cluster faces by identity), to complex human-rated properties 50 (perceived similarity, social traits, and gender). We found marked differences in the 51 information represented by the FFA and OFA. Dissimilarities between face-identities in 52 FFA were accounted for by differences in perceived similarity, social traits, gender, and by 53 the OpenFace network. In contrast, representational distances in OFA were mainly driven 54 by differences in low-level image-based properties (pixel-wise and Gabor-jet 55 dissimilarities). Our results suggest that, although FFA and OFA can both discriminate 56 between identities, the FFA representation is further removed from the image, encoding 57 higher-level perceptual and social face information. 58
Assessments of potential rock coatings at Rocknest, Gale Crater with ChemCam.

CHEMCAM. D. L. Blaney, R. Anderson G. Berger, J. Bridges. N. Bridges, B. Clark, S. Clegg, M.D. Dyar B. Ehlmann, W. Goetz, P.L. King, N. Lanza, N. Mangold, P-Y. Meslin, H. Newsom, and The MSL Science Team, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory / California Institute of Technology, Diana.L. Blaney@jpl.nasa. gov) 4800 Oak Grove Drive, MS 264-528, (818-354-5419, USGS, IRAP, U. Leicester APL, SSI LANL, Mt Holyoke, Caltech,MPS, ANU, U. Nantes, and UNM. Introduction: Many locations on Mars have low color contrast between the rocks and soils due to the rocks being “dusty”—i.e. having a surface that is spectrally similar to Martian dust. This has been interpreted as soil and/or dust clinging to the rock though either mechanical or electrostic processes. However, given the apparent mobility of thin films of water forming cemented soils on Mars and at Gale Crater [e.g. 1,2], the possibility exists that some of these “dusty” surfaces may actually be coatings formed by thin films of water locally mobilizing soil/air fall material at the rock interface. This type of coating was observed by Spirit during an investigation of the rock Mazatzal which showed enhanced salts above “normal soil” [3] and an enhancement of nano phase iron oxide that was ~ 10 μm thick [4]. We decided to use ChemCam to investigate the possibility of similar rock coatings forming at the Rocknest site at Gale Crater. ChemCam is a Laser Induced Breakdown Spectrometer (LIBS) with an integrated Remote Microscopic Imager (RMI) to provide context of where each LIBS spectra is collected. ChemCam LIBS works by firing a laser focused to a 350 550 μm diameter spot that produces plasma from the rock. Spectra of elemental emission lines are recorded from 240-850 nm and used to determine the elemental composition of the rock [5,6] for more details on ChemCam and data analysis]. Table 1: ChemCam Observations (Sol acquired is the last two digits of the sequence number). Target Sequence Raster Size Peg ccam03071 3x3 Rocknest 6 ccam01071 3x3 Rocknest 6a ccam04087 3x3 (7 of 9 used here) Rocknest 6b ccam05087 3x3 (8 of 9 used here) Rocknest 3 Top ccam01088 5x5 (1-15 used here) Snare ccam01069 1x5 Walsh ccam03079 3x3
Invasive Evaluation of Patients With Angina in the Absence of Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease

Background— More than 20% of patients presenting to the cardiac catheterization laboratory with angina have no angiographic evidence of coronary artery disease. Despite a “normal” angiogram, these patients often have persistent symptoms, recurrent hospitalizations, a poor functional status, and adverse cardiovascular outcomes, without a clear diagnosis. Methods and Results— In 139 patients with angina in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease (no diameter stenosis >50%), endothelial function was assessed; the index of microcirculatory resistance, coronary flow reserve, and fractional flow reserve were measured; and intravascular ultrasound was performed. There were no complications. The average age was 54.0±11.4 years, and 107 (77%) were women. All patients had at least some evidence of atherosclerosis based on an intravascular ultrasound examination of the left anterior descending artery. Endothelial dysfunction (a decrease in luminal diameter of >20% after intracoronary acetylcholine) was present in 61 patients (44%). Microvascular impairment (an index of microcirculatory resistance ≥25) was present in 29 patients (21%). Seven patients (5%) had a fractional flow reserve ⩽0.80. A myocardial bridge was present in 70 patients (58%). Overall, only 32 patients (23%) had no coronary explanation for their angina, with normal endothelial function, normal coronary physiological assessment, and no myocardial bridging. Conclusions— The majority of patients with angina in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease have occult coronary abnormalities. A comprehensive invasive assessment of these patients at the time of coronary angiography can be performed safely and provides important diagnostic information that may affect treatment and outcomes.
Pharmaceuticals in the environment : sources, fate, effects and risks

General Aspects. - Pharmaceuticals in the Environment - A Brief Summary. - Special Characteristics of Pharmaceuticals Related to Environmental Fate. - Sources, Occurrence and Fate. - Drug Production Facilities - An Overlooked Discharge Source for Pharmaceuticals to the Environment. - Substance Flows Associated with Medical Care - Significance of Different Sources. - Pharmaceutical Residues in Northern European Environments: Consequences and Perspectives. - Antibiotics in the Environment. - Veterinary Antibiotics in Dust: Sources, Environmental Concentrations, and Possible Health Hazards. - Fate of Veterinary Medicines Applied to Soils. - Pharmaceuticals as Environmental Contaminants: Modeling Distribution and Fate. - Environmental Exposure Modeling: Application of PhATE(TM) and Great-ER to Human Pharmaceuticals in the Environment. - Exposure Assessment Methods for Veterinary and Human-Use Medicines in the Environment: PEC vs. MEC Comparisons. - Effects. - Effects of Pharmaceuticals on Aquatic Organisms. - Another Example of Effects of Pharmaceuticals on Aquatic Invertebrates: Fluoxetine and Ciprofloxacin. - Effects of Antibiotics and Virustatics in the Environment. - Realizing the Potential Benefits of Small Animal Models for the Aquatic Hazard Assessment of Human Pharmaceuticals: A Conceptual Approach. - On the Ecotoxicology of Pharmaceutical Mixtures. - Chronic Mixture Toxicity of Pharmaceuticals to Daphnia - The Example of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs. - The Ecotoxicological Effects of Pharmaceuticals (Antibiotics and Antiparasiticides) in the Terrestrial Environment - a Review. - Odorants - Potent Substances at Minor Concentrations: The Ecological Role of Infochemicals. - Risk Assessment. - European Developments in the Environmental Risk Assessment of Pharmaceuticals. - The State and the Future Development/Perspective of Environmental Risk Assessment of Medicinal Products for Human Use: Aspects of Its Regulations in Japan. - Deterministic and Probabilistic Environmental Risk Assessment for Diazepam. - Comparison of Prospective and Retrospective Environmental Risk Assessments of Human Pharmaceuticals. - Methodological Aspects Concerning the Environmental Risk Assessment for Medicinal Products Research Challenges. - Risk Management. - Strategies for Reducing the Input of Pharmaceuticals into the Environment. - Cost Action 636 Xenobiotics in the Urban Water Cycle - A Network for Collaboration within Europe. - Removal of Pharmaceutical Residues from Contaminated Raw Water Sources by Membrane Filtration. - Photooxidation as Advanced Oxidation Treatment of Hospital Effluents. - Pharmaceuticals and Environment: Role of Community Pharmacies. - Mitigation of the Pharmaceutical Outlet into the Environment - Experiences from Sweden. - Pharmaceutical Waste.
Particle Size Segregation during Hand Packing of Coarse Granular Materials and Impacts on Local Pore-Scale Structure

Soils and sediments consist of granular particles with an intricate network of pores between them. The structure and orientation of these pores will determine how the material transports fluids and contaminants. A common practice in soil science to simplify experiments and to achieve a homogeneous medium, against which to test transport equations, is to repack a quasi two-dimensional (2-D) Hele Shaw cell or a column. Soil is broken up and sieved to remove large particles that could cause anomalous measurements; then it is repacked into the column. However, this procedure destroys the natural structure and imparts a new structural arrangement. The material may appear to have similar bulk properties such as porosity and bulk density, but as we aim to demonstrate, the structural properties will be a function of the method used to repack, and it is unlikely that one can achieve a uniform distribution at the micro-scale. We present results of experiments using granular materials, demonstrating how mixtures of particles of different sizes segregate when poured, forming banded structures. The rate at which a material is poured will determine the uniformity of the packed sample.
Chemical kinetics of water‐rock interactions

The recent literature on the kinetics of water-rock interactions is reviewed. The data are then extended to provide a quantitative framework for the description of weathering and alteration. The available experimental data on dissolution of silicates verifies quantitatively the usual mineral stability series in sedimentary petrology. The rate of hydration of carbonic acid is shown to be a possible limiting factor in water-rock interactions. The framework is developed to enable use of laboratory dissolution experimental results and thermodynamics to arrive at a rate law applicable up to equilibrium and therefore applicable to natural systems. The kinetic justification for the significance of a water-rock ratio is discussed. With a proper treatment of fluid flow, the equations are applied to the weathering profile leading to the development of bauxites from nepheline syenites.
Ground-water microbiology and geochemistry

OVERVIEW OF MICROBIOLOGY. History, Geology, and Microbiology. Microorganisms Present in the Ground-Water Environment. Bacterial Growth. Bacterial Metabolism. Bacterial Genetics. Microbial Ecology of Ground-Water Systems. MICROBIAL PROCESSES IN PRISTINE GROUND-WATER SYSTEMS. Abundance and Distribution of Bacteria in the Subsurface. Microbiological Sampling of Subsurface Environments. Biogeochemical Cycling in Ground-Water Systems. Oxidation-Reduction Processes in Ground-Water Systems. MICROBIAL PROCESSES IN CONTAMINATED GROUND-WATER SYSTEMS. Microbial Acclimation to Ground-Water Contamination. Biodegradation and Bioremediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Ground-Water Systems. Biodegradation and Bioremediation of Halogenated Organic Compounds in Ground-Water Systems. References. Index.
A sensory trick for monitored anaesthesia care

A 65-year-old woman who was evaluated by the neurology department as a case of OMD was scheduled for an MRI of the brain and spine. Her chief complaints were repetitive movements of the jaw and tongue and difficulty in swallowing. She had a history of coronary angioplasty done 2 years ago and was on dual anti-platelets and statins. Clinical examination showed poor nourishment and a pulse rate of 46/min. Airway examination showed she was edentulous with Mallampati grade IV with normal neck movements. Cardiac evaluation (echocardiography, electrocardiogram, and Holter monitoring) revealed a complete heart block with good biventricular function. The cardiologist advised a permanent pacemaker (PPM) insertion prior to the planned procedure. However, due to worsening neurological condition and the need for a mandatory wait period of 6 weeks following PPM insertion before subjecting the patient to MRI to avoid pacemaker dysfunction, that option was deferred by the patient. Magnetic resonance conditional PPMs by Medtronics, BIOTRONIK, St. Jude Medical, and Boston Scientific are compatible with 1.5 Tesla MRI. However, these are not widely available in the Indian market and add to the cost. The option of inserting a temporary pacemaker before the procedure was not considered as it is a contraindication to MRI. In brief, concerns for sedation were the risk of major adverse cardiac events, anticipated difficult airway, anaesthetising in a remote location, and lack of in-hospital cardiology and electrophysiology back-up because our institute is a stand-alone neurosciences centre.
Testing Infants' Discrimination With the Orientation Latency Procedure.

A new discrimination procedure based on the measurement of visual orientation latency to speech stimuli is introduced. Each participant listens to a series of short familiarization test trials. In each trial, 5 to 7 centrally-presented familiarization stimuli are followed by laterally-presented test stimuli. Infants were found to orient faster to different-category than to same-category test stimuli. This result was found despite a high degree of prosodic variability in the familiarization and test stimuli introduced by changes in talker and speaking rate. The combination of a multitrial design with use of acoustic and prosodic variability seems suitable for studying the representation of phonological categories.
Desert Power: The Economics of Solar Thermal Electricity for Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East

A climate crisis is inevitable unless developing countries limit carbon emissions from the power sector in the near future. This will happen only if the costs of lowcarbon power production become competitive with fossil fuel power. We focus on a leading candidate for investment: solar thermal or concentrating solar power (CSP), a commercially available technology that uses direct sunlight and mirrors to boil water and drive conventional steam turbines. Solar thermal power production in North Africa and the Middle East could provide enough power to Europe to meet the needs of 35 million people by 2020. We compute the subsidies needed to bring CSP to financial parity with fossil-fuel alternatives. We conclude that large-scale deployment of CSP is attainable with subsidy levels that are modest, given the planetary stakes. By the end of the program, unsubsidized CSP projects are likely to be competitive with coal- and gasbased power production in Europe. The question is not whether CSP is feasible but whether programs using CSP technology will be operational in time to prevent catastrophic climate change. For such programs to spur the clean energy revolution, efforts to arrange financing should begin right away, with site acquisition and construction to follow within a year.
Wide-angle seismic velocities in heterogeneous crust

SUMMARY Seismic velocities measured by wide-angle surveys are commonly used to constrain material composition in the deep crust. Therefore, it is important to understand how these velocities are affected by the presence of multiscale heterogeneities. The effects may be characterised by the scale of the heterogeneity relative to the dominant seismic wavelength (A); what is clear is that heterogeneities of all scales and strengths bias wideangle velocities to some degree. Waveform modelling was used to investigate the apparent wide-angle P-wave velocities of different heterogeneous lower crusts. A constant composition (50 per cent felsic and 50 per cent ultramafic) was formed into a variety of 1- and 2-D heterogeneous arrangements and the resulting wide-angle seismic velocity was estimated. Elastic, 1-D models produced the largest velocity shift relative to the true average velocity of the medium (which is the velocity of an isotropic mixture of the two components). Thick (width>>A) horizontal layers, as a result of Fermat’s Principle, provided the largest increase in velocity; thin (width << 2) vertical layers produced the largest decrease in velocity. Acoustic 2-D algorithms were shown to be inadequate for modelling the kinematics of waves in bodies with multiscale heterogeneities. Elastic, 2-D modelling found velocity shifts (both positive and negative) that were of a smaller magnitude than those produced by 1-D models. The key to the magnitude of the velocity shift appears to be the connectivity of the fast (and/or slow) components. Thus, the models with the highest apparent levels of connectivity between the fast phases, the 1-D layers, produced the highest-magnitude velocity shifts. To understand the relationship between measured seismic velocities and petrology in the deep crust it is clear that high-resolution structural information (which describes such connectivity) must be included in any modelling.
MYELOID NEOPLASIA Exome sequencing identi ﬁ es putative drivers of progression of transient myeloproliferative disorder to AMKL in infants with Down syndrome

Some neonates with Down syndrome (DS) are diagnosed with self-regressing transient myeloproliferative disorder (TMD), and 20% to 30% of those progress to acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL). We performed exome sequencing in 7 TMD/AMKL cases and copy-number analysis in these and 10 additional cases. All TMD/AMKL samples contained GATA1 mutations. No exome-sequenced TMD/AMKL sample had other recurrently mutated genes. However, 2 of 5 TMD cases, and all AMKL cases, showed mutations/deletions other than GATA1 , in genes proven as transformation drivers in non-DS leukemia ( EZH2, APC, FLT3, JAK1, PARK2-PACRG, EXT1, DLEC1, and SMC3 ). One patient at the TMD stage revealed 2 clonal expansions with different GATA1 mutations, of which 1 clone had an additional driver mutation. Interestingly, it was the other clone that gave rise to AMKL after accumulating mutations in 7 other genes. Data suggest that GATA1 mutations alone are sufficient for clonal expansions, and additional driver mutations at the TMD stage do not necessarily predict AMKL progression. Later in infancy, leukemic progression requires “third-hit driver” mutations/somatic copy-number alterations found in non-DS leukemias. Putative driver mutations affecting WNT (wingless-related integration site), JAK-STAT (Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription), or MAPK/PI3K (mitogen-activated kinase/phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase) pathways were found in all cases, aberrant activation of which converges on overexpression of MYC. ( Blood . 2013;122(4):554-561)
Origen bacteriano de espelotemas tipo "moonmilk" en ambiente kárstico (Cueva de Altamira, Cantabria, España)

Moonmilk subaerial speleothems of Altamira Cave are constituted by a network of needle-fiber calcite crystals (NFC) and active microbial filaments. These recent deposits allow us the observation of the first evolution stages, as well as defining microclimatic and hydrochemical conditions of mineral precipitation. In previous works, the origin of the NFC has been determined being associated to fast mineral precipitation related with evaporation and criodesiccation processes. From our data, an evolutionary model has been proposed for this type of deposits. The stable microclimatic conditions of the cave, with air humidity close to saturation, lead us to conclude that their origin doesn't have to be related with these processes. Also it has been proven that the NFC of monocrystallyne rods type is generated by means of calcitization of microbial filaments. On the other hand, epitaxial cements and polycristalline chains are related with organic activity and inorganic processes in a confined aqueous environment developed inside the biofilm.
Experimental “sytectonic” dehydration of serpentinite under conditions of controlled pore water pressure

We have studied the mechanical behavior of serpentinite under conditions favouring dehydration to olivine + talc + water, at temperatures ranging between 300° and 600° and at total pressures from 100 to 300 MPa. Constant stress, stress relaxation and constant displacement rate testing techniques permitted a wide range of deformation rates and paths to be accessed. Effective confining pressure was held constant during the dehydration process by means of a controlled pore water pressure system. Stress supported by the samples was almost independent of deformation rate at temperatures below those required for the onset of the breakdown reaction. At 500° and 600°C, however, the strength was linearly dependent on the inverse of the deformation rate, and independent of effective confining pressure over the range investigated. Microstructural studies revealed that the weakening was associated with sliding in narrow shear zones containing ultrafine-grained (0.1 µm olivine produced in the breakdown reaction. The enhanced deformability is interpreted in terms of flow of the olivine in these shear zones by diffusion-accommodated grain boundary sliding. These experimental results suggest that metamorphic transformations affect the deformability of rocks, and demonstrate enhancement of deformability through the transient existence of fine-grained reaction products. The results may also be applicable to the mechanics of deformation processes in oceanic transform faults and give some indication of the degree of weakening that might be expected from grain-size reduction by dynamic recrystallization in plastically deforming rocks.
Single-Dose Azithromycin for Genital Lymphogranuloma Venereum Biovar Chlamydia trachomatis Infection in HIV-Infected Women in South Africa: An Observational Study

We conducted an observational study of lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) biovar Chlamydia trachomatis infection in HIV-infected women in South Africa. The LGV biovar was detected in vaginal specimens of 17 (20%) of 85 women with C. trachomatis infection; 29% were symptomatic. All cases were negative for the LGV biovar after single-