Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Debris Flow Hazard Mapping With A RandomWalk Model In Korea

Recently, the sediment-related disasters, including landslides and debris flows, have been getting bigger due to the increasing intensity of typhoons and downpours that are affected by climate change. In particular, the debris flow is a severe disaster because it brings serious damage to villages and agricultural fields, as well as casualties. In order to reduce the damage caused by debris flows, this study carried out the predicting simulation of the affected area using a random walk model. The data of 12 debris flows were extracted from aerial photos taken in Inje and Pyeongchang counties, Gangwon province and Bongwha county, Gyeongbuk province, Korea in 2006 and 2008. In order to identify optimum parameter sets of the random walk model, these data of debris flows were used. There are three parameters, which are soil volume at a time, stop angle and inertia weight. These parameters are optimized when showing the highest correspondence rate, which means there is a comparison between a simulated sediment area and an actual sediment area after simulating 1,250 of combinations. The simulation was conducted to extract the optimum parameters, and the method of calculating the correspondence rate was developed to evaluate the value of parameters. The criteria for determining the danger and warning zone and the soil volume of collapse were prepared to make the debris flow hazard map. The debris flow hazard maps in Inje and Pyeongchang counties of Gangwon province and Bongwha county of Gyeongbuk province were made on the scale of 1:5,000. The hazard map will be helpful in deciding danger-prone zones and sites for soil erosion control works.
The Effect of Unit, Depth and Probe Load on the Reliability of Muscle Shear Wave Elastography Variables affecting reliability of SWE Authors:

© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Alfuraih AM, O'Connor P, Hensor E, et al. The effect of unit, depth, and probe load on the reliability of muscle shear wave elastography: Variables affecting reliability of SWE. J Clin Ultrasound. 2018;46:108–115. , which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/jcu.22534. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy.
MICROZOOPLANKTON FEEDING IMPACT IN THREE DIFFERENT EUROPEAN COASTAL SYSTEMS

This work was supported by a doctoral grant (SFRH/BD/11309/2002) by the “Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia” (FCT, Portugal), co-financed by the “POCI – 2010” and the European Social Fund (FSE).
Seismic wave propagation in a very permeable water‐saturated surface layer

According to Biot's (1956a, b) model, the presence of water plays an important role in the propagation of seismic waves in at least three different ways: (1) in an infinite medium, water saturation induces an attenuation that can be accounted for by a complex formulation of wave velocities, as in viscoelastic media; (2) at the boundaries of the saturated medium, pore pressure and water flux determine specific continuity conditions; and (3) there is a second compressional wave, called the P2 wave. In this paper, we discuss the latter two effects. Biot's model is presented first, with homogenization theory used to provide the numerical values of the different coefficients used in the model. In an infinite medium, the model is of practical interest when the frequency ƒ is about the same order of magnitude as a characteristic frequency noted ƒc, which depends on the properties of the constituents. This limits the application of Biot's model to a few particular fields in geophysics. In a layered medium, Biot's model has a wider scope in that it provides a tool for modeling fluid-solid interaction at the boundaries of the saturated medium. This is illustrated in our paper for the case of a very permeable water-saturated surface layer over an elastic half-space. Two examples are given; in the first example (rigid sands) we discuss the physics of the strongly attenuated P2 wave predicted by Biot, the amplitude of which becomes significant when the ƒ/ƒc ratio is about equal to or greater than 0.1. In the second example (soft unconsolidated sediments) the P2 wave is negligible, but the calculation of the complete wave field is required when the ƒ/ƒc ratio is about 0.01. There is no adequate equivalent single phase model that gives a correct estimation of the amplitude of the ground motion. In this case, we argue that the P2 wave is not important in itself, but Biot's model allows the description of the fluid-solid interaction at the water table; continuity of effective stress and pore pressure can be explicitly formulated.
Retooling for an Aging America: Building the Healthcare Workforce

In Chicago, Illinois, on May 7, 2009, a group of 53 medical educators representing many U.S. certification boards, residency review committees, and medical societies met to review and approve a white paper intended to promote Recommendation 4.2 of the Institute of Medicine report of April 14, 2008, “Retooling for an Aging America: Building the Healthcare Workforce. ” This recommendation is one of 14 and states: “All licensure, certification and maintenance of certification for healthcare professionals should include demonstration of competence in care of older adults as a criterion. ” Background information given included the growing numbers of older adults, review of a 15‐year initiative by a section of the American Geriatrics Society (AGS) to include geriatric education in all surgical and some related medical specialties, a recent announcement of 26 elder care competencies to be expected of graduating medical students from Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) affiliated schools, and the American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS) approach to “Reinforcing Geriatric Competencies through Licensure and Certification Examinations. ” Nine points involved in the implementation of this recommendation received discussion, and approaches to realization were presented. In conclusion, this white paper, which those listed as being in attendance approved, proposes that all ABMS member boards whose diplomates participate in the care of older adults select the floor competencies enumerated by the AAMC that apply to their specialty and add or subtract those completed during their trainees' initial (intern) year and then define those needed in subsequent years of residency and ultimate practice. This would fulfill the requirements of Recommendation 4.2 above.
Ancient mantle lithosphere beneath the Khanka massif in the Russian Far East: in situ Re–Os evidence

The Os‐isotope compositions of sulphides in mantle xenoliths hosted by Late Miocene alkali basalts from the Sviyaginsky volcano, Russian Far East, reveal the presence of Archaean–Proterozoic subcontinental lithospheric mantle beneath the Khanka massif. Their TMA and TRD model ages reveal similar peaks at 1.1 and 0.8 Ga suggesting later thermotectonic events in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle, whereas TRD model ages range back to 2.8 ± 0.5 (2σ) Ga. The events recognized in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle are consistent with those recorded in the crust of the Khanka massif. The sulphide Os‐isotope data show that the subcontinental lithospheric mantle beneath the Khanka massif had formed at least by the Mesoproterozoic, and was subsequently metasomatized by juvenile crustal‐growth events related to the evolution of the Altaids. The Khanka massif is further proposed to have tectonic affinity to the Siberia Craton and should originate from it accordingly.
The investigation of adrenal involvement in carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter 1 baumannii sepsis : experimental mouse model 2

1. Infectious Diseases Clinic, City Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey. ORCID: 0000-00025 2712-9694. E-mail:esmaereneryilmaz@gmail.com 6 2. Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, 7 Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey ORCID: 0000-0002-9184-5003. E-mail: 8 gokcendinc@erciyes.edu. tr 9 3. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 10 Turkey. ORCID: 0000-0002-1372-1128. E-mail: okontas@gmail.com 11 4. Turkey Republic Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey. ORCID: 0000-0003-018912 6008. Email: aeminea@hotmail.com 13 5. Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of 14 Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey. ORCID: 0000-0003-3922-4901. 15 E-mail: mdoganay@erciyes.edu. tr 16
Solution of the bearing capacity problem by the slip line method

The authors have derived the bearing capacity factor Nq on sloping ground based on the slip line method and have verified it using finite difference analysis. The bearing capacity factor Nγ on sloping ground is obtained by an iterative finite difference solution of the slip line equations, and the results are close to those from laboratory testing. Design figures for Nγ on sloping ground are prepared for rapid engineering use. For earthquake loading, the authors have applied the concept of equivalent horizontal acceleration and have derived Nq and Nγ based on slip line analysis.Key words: bearing capacity, slip line, finite difference, sloping ground, earthquake.
Fast Edge-Preserving PatchMatch for Large Displacement Optical Flow

We present a fast optical flow algorithm that can handle large displacement motions. Our algorithm is inspired by recent successes of local methods in visual correspondence searching as well as approximate nearest neighbor field algorithms. The main novelty is a fast randomized edge-preserving approximate nearest neighbor field algorithm which propagates self-similarity patterns in addition to offsets. Experimental results on public optical flow benchmarks show that our method is significantly faster than state-of-the-art methods without compromising on quality, especially when scenes contain large motions.
Suppression of marina stratocumulus clouds due to reduced cloud condensation nuclei.

Abstract : Cloud researchers have documented a variety of processes at work in the formation and dissipation of clouds in the marine boundary layer (MBL). Cloud rifts occasionally mark a distinct exception to the continuity and broad coverage more commonly observed with these clouds. A possible explanation for the presence of large features of broken cloudiness embedded in stratocumulus is the removal of CCN by nucleation scavenging and drizzle. A cloud rift feature embedded in marine stratocumulus was observed in satellite imagery on July 16, 1999. A CIRPAS Twin Otter aircraft flew repeated crossings of the rift boundary while completing a comprehensive survey of the area. A comparison of microphysics and thermodynamics on opposite sides of the rift boundary indicate that these rifts form where low aerosol concentrations enhance drizzle production. Marine boundary layer aerosol concentrations in the rift were only 1/6 that observed below the background stratocumulus. Cloud droplets in rift clouds were 3-5 microns larger than droplets in stratocumulus and exhibited a broader size distribution. Drizzle observations were strongly correlated with the rift and calculations support a drizzle hypothesis for rift formation and maintenance. Aerosol losses can be accounted for in drizzle droplets and the disruption of the cloud layer evolves in a manner described by Ackerman (1993).
Optimally Interacting Minds

Two Heads Are Better Than One When two people peer into the distance and try to figure out if a faint number is a three or an eight, classical signal detection theory states that the joint decision can only be as good as that of the person with higher visual acuity. Bahrami et al. (p. 1081; see the Perspective by Ernst) propose that a discussion not only of what each person perceives but also of the degree of confidence in those assignments can improve the overall sensitivity of the decision. Using a traditional contrast-detection task, they showed that, when the individuals did not differ too much in their powers of visual discrimination, collective decision-making significantly improved sensitivity. The model offered here formalizes debates held since the Enlightenment about whether collective thinking can outperform that of elite individuals. Sharing choices and confidence in those choices can be an empowering experience. In everyday life, many people believe that two heads are better than one. Our ability to solve problems together appears to be fundamental to the current dominance and future survival of the human species. But are two heads really better than one? We addressed this question in the context of a collective low-level perceptual decision-making task. For two observers of nearly equal visual sensitivity, two heads were definitely better than one, provided they were given the opportunity to communicate freely, even in the absence of any feedback about decision outcomes. But for observers with very different visual sensitivities, two heads were actually worse than the better one. These seemingly discrepant patterns of group behavior can be explained by a model in which two heads are Bayes optimal under the assumption that individuals accurately communicate their level of confidence on every trial.
A herediter haemorrhagiás teleangiectasia (Osler–Weber–Rendu-kór) genetikai diagnosztikája

Aim: We investigated 23 Hungarian HHT families, established the genetic diagnosis, executed family-screening and confirmed founder effects. Method: Probands were identified by the stratified population screening of the primary attendance area of our institu-tion and from individuals contacting our study group voluntarily. Diagnosis is based on the otorhinolaryngological physical examination completed with characteristic telangiectasis sites, a visceral arteriovenous malformation screening and the sequence analysis of ENG and ACVRL1 genes. The family screening consists of physical examination and genetic screening for the family-specific mutation, followed by the arteriovenous malformation screening in patients with definite/suspected HHT and/or in individuals with the mutation. Results: Sixty-three individuals with family-specific mutations were identified in 22 families, 48 of them with definite and 12 with suspected HHT. Seven ENG and ACVRL1 mutations were detected, respectively; most of these are pathogenic. Three founder mutations were observed. One proband with definite HHT had wild-type alleles in all tested HHT-specific loci. Conclusions: The significance of genetic testing is confirming or excluding HHT in young asymptomatic individuals in families with pathogenic mutations. As ENG and ACVRL1 mutations result in overlapping fenotypes, the genetic testing lacks any prognostic value. The identification of founder effects might simplify the genetic diagnosis of new HHT patients from a given region.
Weight, Weight, Don't Tell Me: Using Scales to Select Ballots for Auditing

Ballot-based auditing offers a much higher level of statistical confidence for any given number of ballots counted than does precinct-based auditing. Unfortunately, it also comes with the problem of efficiently finding any particular ballot so that it can be audited. Previous work on ballot-based auditing has required modifying the ballots to add a serial number which could be used for indexing. We describe a method for using scales and ballot weight to quickly index into a stack of ballots. Preliminary experiments suggest that this method may be a practical alternative that is compatible with existing hardware.
An Ecologic Analysis of Childhood Cancer Mortality in Ontario 1976 -1985

Geographical variation in human cancer has been well documented among the populations of various areas. Past research on childhood cancer incidence and mortality, however, is inconclusive regarding the spatial variability and associated determinants of cancer in this population sub-group. This thesis examines childhood cancer mortality in Ontario from 1976 to 1985. An initial discussion of the differences between childhood and adult cancer, an overview of previous investigations of geographical variations in childhood cancer and a review of the broad range of correlates of pediatric cancer considered in the literature are provided. Then, using the ecologic study design, county level mortality rates were analysed for all sites combined over the ten year period for ages 0 to 19 by gender. Geographic analysis using maps, spatial autocorrelation, correlation and regression analyses, and an evaluation of regression residuals were used to examine the relationship between childhood cancer standardized mortality ratios and a set of 17 environmental and socio-demographic variables, including: ethnicity, urbanization, parental occupation and income. The specific objectives of the research were: (a) to describe county level rates of childhood cancer mortality in Ontario for the period 1976 to 1985; (b) to analyse spatial variations in pediatric cancer mortality; (c) to determine to what extent those variations are related to variations in selected ecologic variables; and, (d) to comment on future directions for research in childhood cancer epidemiology.
Emerging Data Visualization Technologies for Map and Geography Libraries: 3-D Printing, Holographic Imaging, 3-D City Models, and 3-D Model-based Animations

Based on research originally undertaken at the Dalhousie University Libraries, this paper explores how evolving 3D visualization techniques—such as 3D printing, 3D scanning, holographic projection, and 3D animations—can be used to enhance and extract information from GIS-based map and geography. This paper provides an overview of these technologies, how these technologies could be of benefit to libraries, and the Dalhousie University Libraries successes and failures working with 3D city models and 3D printing and 3D scanning technologies, and offering these technologies to faculty and students.
Single-Leg Power Output and Between-Limbs Imbalances in Team-Sport Players: Unilateral Versus Bilateral Combined Resistance Training.

PURPOSE To compare the effects of unilateral and bilateral resistance training on single-leg power output, between-limbs imbalance (BLI), bilateral deficit (BLD), change of direction (COD), and linear sprinting and jumping performance in young elite basketball players. METHODS Twenty-two young (U-16-U-19) male basketball players were randomly assigned either to an exclusive unilateral (UNI) (n = 11) or a bilateral (BIL) (n = 11) resistance-training group during a 6-wk period. Both groups training consisted of 3 unilateral or bilateral 90° back-squat sets. A postdetermined number of repetitions was set until power output dropped to <10% of maximum power (MP) output. In addition, both groups performed 2 sets of 5 unilateral or bilateral drop jumps and 2 sets of 5 unilateral or bilateral countermovement jumps (CMJ). Pre- and posttraining, performance was assessed by an incremental bilateral and unilateral squat-load test, a multiple-COD test (V-cut test), a 15-m-sprint test (7.5 + 7.5 m) with one 180° COD performed with both right (180° RCOD) and left (180° LCOD) legs, a 25-m-sprint test (5- and 15-m split time), and a CMJ test. RESULTS Within-group analyses showed substantial improvements in 180° RCOD, bilateral and unilateral MP, 25-m-sprint test, and CMJ in both groups. Between-groups analyses showed substantially better results in 180° LCOD, MP with right and left legs, BLI, and BLD in UNI than in BIL. CONCLUSIONS Both training programs substantially improved most of the physical-fitness tests, but only UNI reduced between-limbs asymmetry and achieved greater enhancements in actions that mostly required applying force unilaterally in basketball players.
Language in Dialogue: When Confederates Might Be Hazardous to Your Data

Experiments that aim to model language processing in spoken dialogue contexts often use confederates as speakers or addressees. However, the decision of whether to use a confederate, and of precisely how to deploy one, is shaped by researchers' explicit theories and implicit assumptions about the nature of dialogue. When can a confederate fulfill the role of conversational partner without changing the nature of the dialogue itself? We survey the benefits and risks of using confederates in studies of language in dialogue contexts , identifying four concerns that appear to guide how confederates are deployed. We then discuss several studies that have addressed these concerns differently—and, in some cases, have found different results. We conclude with recommendations for how to weigh the benefits and risks of using experimental confederates in dialogue studies: Confederates are best used when an experimental hypothesis concerns responses to unusual behaviors or low-frequency linguistic forms and when the experimental task calls for the confederate partner to take the initiative as speaker. Confederates can be especially risky in the addressee role, especially if their non-verbal behavior is uncontrolled and if they know more than is warranted by the experimental task. Conversational partners in laboratory experiments are not always what they seem. For example, subjects may think that they are interacting via intercom with another naive subject in the next room when, in fact, they are responding to prerecorded utterances. Or they may think that they are interacting with a computer when, in fact, an experimenter (or a " Wizard of Oz ") is responding to them. Psycholinguistic studies concerned with generalizing to language processing in context are increasingly situated in dialogue, where they are likely to include a conversational partner for the subjects. It is not uncommon for such partners not to be naive, like the subjects, but instead to be accomplices whose purpose it is to assist the experimenter in staging the dialogue context. The use of confederates is of course a longstanding tradition in social psychology. Often the unusual behavior of one or more people is intended to serve as the main stimulus in the experiment, so staging the situation with confederates may be the only practical way to collect data. Alternatively, using a confederate may simply be a convenience for the experimenter. However, when it comes to serving as conversational partners in language experiments, confederates do not always do a good job. Concerns have been …
International praxis in local labour market areas studies

The aim of this article is to carry out a critical revision of the variety of international approaches about local labour markets. The delineation of local labour market areas has been undertaken in many countries and sub-national levels; despite of that, their use in planning policies has been limited. Its conceptualization has been diverse, as well as the methodologies applied to accomplish their delimitation; moreover, the areas obtained have faced several critics. This document consist of the following sections: the consideration of local labour market areas as a particular type of functional regions, the discussions about local labour market conceptualization, the translation of the concept into operative criteria for areal delimitation and the problems related with it; finally the use that has been made of the areas obtained is analised and some conclusions are reached.
Huskie Commons Huskie Commons Recipe for Disaster: How the Dynamic Ingredients of Risk and Recipe for Disaster: How the Dynamic Ingredients of Risk and Exposure Are Changing the Tornado Disaster Landscape Exposure Are Changing the Tornado Disaster Landscape

Original Citation Ashley, W. S. , & Strader, S. M. (May 01, 2016). Recipe for Disaster: How the Dynamic Ingredients of Risk and Exposure Are Changing the Tornado Disaster Landscape. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 97, 5, 767-786. & Ashley, W. S. (January 01, 2015). Driving Blind Weather-Related Vision Hazards and Fatal Motor Vehicle Crashes. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 96, 5, 755-778.