Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
We are all programmers now: from bits to blobs

: Presented here is a research-through-design exploration into a collaborative process of developing a computer technology in which the visual designer has control. This paper presents the iterative negotiations and key turning points in the process of developing commissioned artifacts used to create and push the boundaries of the software. During this process visual designers learned how to creatively exploit the technology, hack the parameters, work around rules and play with accidents to create technologically enriched interactive patterns. We discuss the designer’s role in this software development process as the link between the technology and the user. There is a shift from the seperation of programming codes and adding imagery later to designing imagery that is interactive.
Trends In Latin America

1. While the first two words of John J. Johnson's study, "Political Change," seem to offer a capsule condensation of the entire history of Latin America since independence, the author is concerned with something quite new and unique in the area's history: the rise of middle sectors to a position of political, social, and economic dominance. He maintains that in the five republics of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, and Uruguay, at varying times in the twentieth century, articulate middle elements assumed a commanding position in shaping domestic and international policies. These middle groups are distinguished by their urban backgrounds and interests, their advocacy of public education and industrialization, their cultural, and more important, their economic nationalism, their belief in state intervention, and their desire to work through political parties rather than the traditional patterns of personalism and family connections. Johnson expresses general sympathy for the middle group criteria, but also raises some criticism of frantic industrialization that upsets the economic balance, of excesses in statism, and of several questionable trends in education. Uruguay, beginning as early as 1903, benefited from the rise to power of new groups which were convinced that mere political independence was meaningless unless accompanied by an economic development in which the majority of the population shared. By 1916, the middle sections had come to power in Argentina. Johnson's explanation of the failure of the middle groups to capitalize on their opportunities makes highly interesting reading, and is prerequisite to an understanding of the rise of Peron. Regarding this dictator, Johnson wisely observes that he succeeded politically " . because he had' sensed what was happening in other countries and had applied what he had understood to Argentina" (p. 124).
Theory of Dimensioning: An Introduction to Parameterizing Geometric Models

Introduction An Earlier Theory of Dimensioning Outline of a Modern Theory of Dimensioning Standardized Indication of Dimensions Exercises Notes and References Congruence Point-Sets and Tuples Rigid Motion Reflexive Symmetry and Chirality Vectors and Oriented Point-Sets Congruence, Dimensions, and Parameters Exercises Notes and References Dimensioning Elementary Curves Conics Free-Form Curves Space Curves Exercises Notes and References Dimensioning Elementary Surfaces Quadrics Free-Form Surfaces Swept Surfaces Exercises Notes and References Dimensioning Relative Positions of Elementary Objects Distances and Angles Some Cases Involving Points Relative Positioning Two Lines Relative Positioning a Line and a Plane Relative Positioning Two Planes Cases Involving Oriented Lines and Oriented Planes Cases Involving Helices Summary Exercises Notes and References Symmetry Groups Symmetry Groups Connected Lie Subgroups of the Rigid Motion Group Classification of Continuous Symmetry Groups Classification of Tuples of Sets Classification of Lower-Order Kinematic Pairs Summary Exercises Notes and References General Theory of Dimensioning Relative Positions Tuple Congruence Number of Dimensions for Relative Positions More on Relative Positioning Spherical, Cylindrical, Planar, and Helical Classes Adding the Revolute Class Adding the Prismatic Class Adding the General Class Summary Exercises Notes and References Dimensional Constraints Basic Geometric Constraints Rigidity Theory Inducing Hierarchy in Simultaneity Summary Exercises Notes and References Dimensioning Solids Dimensioning a Solid Polyhedron Dimensioning Procedurally Defined Solids Dimensioning Features Summary Exercises Notes and References Appendix 1: Matrices Appendix 2: Groups Appendix 3: Graphs Appendix 4: Solids Bibliography Index
Multi-band properties of superluminal AGN detected by Fermi/LAT

We perform a multi-band statistical analysis of core-dominated superluminal active galactic nuclei (AGN) detected with Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT). The detection rate of $\gamma$-ray jets is found to be high for optically bright AGN. There is a significant correlation between the $\gamma$-ray luminosity and the optical nuclear and radio (15 GHz) luminosities of AGN. We report a well defined positive correlation between the $\gamma$-ray luminosity and the radio-loudness for quasars and BL Lacertae type objects (BL Lacs). The slope of the best-fit line is significantly different for quasars and BL Lacs. The relations between the optical and radio luminosities and the $\gamma$-ray loudness are also examined, showing a different behavior for the populations of quasars and BL Lacs. Statistical results suggest that the $\gamma$-ray, optical and radio emission is generated at different locations and velocity regimes along the parsec-scale jet.
Whey Acidic Protein Motif Antibacterial Proteins Composed of a Single Mouse SWAM1 and SWAM2 Are

Antibacterial proteins are important participants in the innate immunity system. Elaﬁn and SLPI are the whey acidic protein (WAP) motif proteins with both antibacterial activity and antiprotease activity, and their role in innate immunity is under intense investigation. We cloned two novel antibacterial WAP motif proteins from mice, SWAM1 and SWAM2. SWAM1 and SWAM2 are composed of a signal sequence and a single WAP motif that has high homologies with the WAP motifs of elaﬁn and SLPI. SWAM1 is constitutively expressed in kidney and epididymis, and is induced in the pneumonic lung. SWAM2 is constitutively expressed in tongue. SWAM1 and SWAM2 inhibit the growth of both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus at a IC 90 (concentration that achieves 90% inhibition) of 10 (cid:1) M. Human genes LOC149709 and huWAP2 are considered to be human SWAM1 and SWAM2, respectively. These and several WAP motif proteins (WAP1, elaﬁn, SLPI, HE4, eppin, C20orf170, LOC164237, and WFDC3) form a gene cluster on human chromosome 20, suggesting that they may be derived from the same ancestral gene by gene duplication. Our results underscore the role of the WAP motif as a skeletal motif to form antibacterial proteins, and warrant the study of antibacterial activity in other WAP motif proteins. The Journal of Immunology, 2003, 170: 1973–1979.
The Spectral Theory of Toeplitz Operators.

The theory of Toeplitz operators has come to resemble more and more in recent years the classical theory of pseudodifferential operators. For instance, Toeplitz operators possess a symbolic calculus analogous to the usual symbolic calculus, and by symbolic means one can construct parametrices for Toeplitz operators and create new Toeplitz operators out of old ones by functional operations.If P is a self-adjoint pseudodifferential operator on a compact manifold with an elliptic symbol that is of order greater than zero, then it has a discrete spectrum. Also, it is well known that the asymptotic behavior of its eigenvalues is closely related to the behavior of the bicharacteristic flow generated by its symbol.It is natural to ask if similar results are true for Toeplitz operators. In the course of answering this question, the authors explore in depth the analogies between Toeplitz operators and pseudodifferential operators and show that both can be viewed as the "quantized" objects associated with functions on compact contact manifolds.
Initiating ART when presenting with higher CD4 counts results in reduced loss to follow-up in a resource-limited setting

Kate CLOUSEa,b,*, Audrey PETTIFORb, Mhairi MASKEWa, Jean BASSETTc, Annelies VAN RIEb, Cynthia GAYd, Frieda BEHETSb, Ian SANNEa, and Matthew P. FOXa,e,f aHealth Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa bDepartment of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA cWitkoppen Health and Welfare Centre, Johannesburg, South Africa dSchool of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA eCenter for Global Health and Development, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA fDepartment of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
MacCarthy, Bart L. and Ovutmen, Tamer (2015) Using a central Vehicle Holding Compound (VHC) in an open pipeline automotive order fulfilment system: a simulation study. International Journal of Production Economics, 170 (B). pp. 590-601. ISSN 0925-5273

Satisfying requests for specific vehicle variants in a timely manner may increase profit margins for the automotive producer and automotive dealers and may reduce the need to incentivise customers financially to make a purchase. Open pipeline order fulfilment systems have emerged in the automotive sector to allow dealers to fulfil a customer in a number of ways. Not only can a dealer search its own stock for a suitable match to a customer’s requested vehicle specification, the dealer can also search for a suitable vehicle in the planning, assembly or distribution pipeline. If a suitable match cannot be found, the dealer can submit a specific Build-to-Order request to the producer. This study examines the impact of adding a central vehicle holding compound (VHC) in such a system. Any dealer can search for a suitable vehicle match in the VHC. A simulation study of a real automotive fulfilment system is conducted to examine the effects on order fulfilment performance of establishing a VHC in a specific market. The simulation model incorporates important features that affect the management and control of the fulfilment system. The study shows that establishing a VHC in an open pipeline system has a significant effect on the level of use of each fulfilment mechanism and on fulfilment performance. A VHC results in significant reductions in lead time but can increase the total stock level in the system if the VHC operating conditions are not determined carefully. The insights and implications of the findings are discussed in detail. They are valuable in providing a base line to consider investment in a VHC and to decide the most appropriate operating policies.
Distributed adaptive consensus algorithm for networked Euler-Lagrange systems

Most consensus protocols developed in the past are for linear-integrator systems or deterministic non-linear systems. Here, the authors study the state consensus for non-point, non-linear networked Euler-Lagrange systems with unknown parameters. Specifically, state consensus problems with both coupling time delay and switching topology are investigated. By establishing a unified architecture based on the passivity property, adaptive consensus protocols are developed. It is shown that state consensus is reachable despite the unknown parameters, and the estimation errors of these parameters converge to zero. Furthermore, by introducing the leader-follower architecture, the authors show that each agent will converge its origin. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
Menopausal Symptoms and Associated Social and Environmental Factors in Midlife Chinese Women

Objective: To investigate the dependency of menopausal symptoms on age and/or menopausal status and association with social and environmental factors. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted on 4595 women (40–83 years) coming from 31 provinces during two years to our “Menopause Clinic”, the first official center in China. Menopausal symptoms were assessed: negative mood, cognitive symptoms, sleep disorder, vasomotor symptoms (VMS), urogenital symptoms, autonomic nervous disorder, limb pain/paresthesia. Social and environmental factors were collected; simple and unconditional logistic regression with adjustments by all analyzed factors were used to assess associations. Results: Urogenital symptoms were the most common and VMS the least common complaints. All symptoms, except cognitive and urogenital symptoms, worsened age-dependently up to 60 years but improved beyond this age. Most symptoms also were associated with menopause, except negative mood and autonomic nervous disorders. Soya-rich diet decreased all symptoms, but only if consumed daily. Exercise was beneficial for some symptoms. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) was most effective but only with regular use. Increased alcohol consumption aggravated VMS. Higher education was associated with less symptoms; no relationship was found for smoking, gravidity, parity, and menarche. Conclusion: All symptoms, except cognitive and urogenital symptoms, worsened age-dependently up to 60 years but improved beyond this age; most were also associated with menopause. For the first time in a large study population, it was observed that soy-rich diet is protective but only with daily consumption. Exercising can protect against some of the symptoms. HRT decreased all symptoms, but regular use is necessary. Women with higher education reported less symptoms, but after adjustments no other relationships were observed (ChiCTR2000035047).
Essential Relativistic Celestial Mechanics

MATHEMATICAL TOOLS Elements of Newtonian celestial mechanics Elements of Riemannian geometry and tensor analysis Elements of special theory of relativity GRT FIELD EQUATIONS Basic principles of GRT Weak gravitational field Problem of measurable quantities in GRT ONE-BODY PROBLEM Schwarzschild problem Light propagation in the Schwarzschild problem Field of rotating spheroid APPROXIMATE SOLUTIONS OF THE FIELD EQUATIONS AND APPROXIMATE EQUATIONS OF MOTION N-body problem Geocentric reference frame Equations in variations for the spherically symmetrical metric spaces Gravitational radiation and motion in binary system EQUATIONS OF MOTION OF SOLAR SYSTEM BODIES Equations of motion of Earth's artificial satellites Motion of the major planets Motion of the Moon RELATIVISTIC REDUCTION OF ASTROMETRIC MEASUREMENTS General principles of reduction Relativistic theory of astronomical reference systems Relativistic reduction of astrometric observations Relativistic reduction of radio observations RELATIVISTIC EFFECTS IN GEODYNAMICS Timescales on Earth Clocks and satellites in the circumterrestrial space Postcript References Index
Fermi/LAT Gamma Ray Burst emission models and jet properties

The GeV emission of Gamma Ray Bursts, first detected by EGRET in an handful of bursts, is now an established property of roughly the 10% of all bursts, thanks to the Fermi/LAT observations. GRB 090510, a short burst, is particularly interesting because the good timing allows to derive a severe limit to theories of quantum gravity. With the dozen bursts detected in the 0.1-30 GeV band so far, we start to see some common properties: (i) the duration is often longer than the duration of the softer emission detected by the Gamma Burst Monitor (GBM) onboard Fermi; (ii) the spectrum is consistent with F(v)~v^{-1} with no strong spectral evolution; (iii) for the brightest bursts, the flux detected by the LAT decays as a power law with a typical slope: t^{-1.5}; iv) the peak energy of the GBM emission exceeds 500 keV (rest frame). These properties suggest a similar process for the origin of the GeV flux. We propose that it is afterglow synchrotron emission shortly following the start of the prompt phase. The steep decay slope suggests that the fireball emits in the radiative regime, i.e. all dissipated energy is radiated away. The large peak energy of the GBM flux suggests that electron-positron pairs might play a crucial role. The rapid onset, but with some delay, of the GeV flux with respect to the GBM one suggests that the bulk Lorentz factor Gamma of these bursts is of the order of 1000. Therefore the relatively small fraction of bursts detected at high energies might correspond to the fraction of bursts having the largest Gamma. If the emission occurs in the radiative regime we can start to understand why the observed X-ray and optical afterglow energetics are much smaller than the energetics emitted during the prompt phase.
Intoxication cases associated with the novel designer drug 3 0 ,4 0 -methylenedioxy- α -pyrrolidinohexanophenone and studies on its human metabolism using high-resolution mass spectrometry

Among the increasing number of new psychoactive substances, 3 0 ,4 0 -methylene dioxy- α -pyrrolidinohexanophenone (MDPHP) belongs to the group of synthetic cathinones, which are the derivatives of the naturally occurring compound cathinone, the main psychoactive ingredient in the khat plant. Currently, only limited data are available for MDPHP, and no information is available on its human metabolism. We describe the toxicological investigation of nine cases associated with the use of MDPHP during the period February – June 2019. Serum MDPHP concentrations showed a high variability ranging from 3.3 to 140 ng/mL (mean 30.3 ng/mL and median 16 ng/mL). Intoxication symptoms of the described cases could not be explained by the abuse of MDPHP alone because in all cases the co-consumption of other psychotropic drugs with frequent occurrence of opiates and benzodiazepines could be verified. Therefore, the patients showed different clinical symptoms, including aggressive behaviour, delayed physical response, loss of consciousness and coma. Liquid chromatography – high-resolution mass spectrometry was successfully used to investigate the human in vivo metabolism of MDPHP using authentic human urine samples. The metabolism data for MDPHP were further substantiated by the analysis of human urine using gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC – MS, a widely used systematic toxicological analysis method appropriate for the toxicological detection of MDPHP intake), which revealed the presence of seven phase I metabolites and three phase II metabolites as glucuronides. GC-MS spectral data for MDPHP and metabolites are provided. The identified metabolite pattern corroborates the principal metabolic pathways of α -pyrrolidinophenones in humans.
Chromospheres and Winds of Red Supergiants: An Empirical Look at Outer Atmospheric Structure

Stars between about 4 and 25 solar masses spend a significant fraction of their post-main sequence lifetime as red supergiants (RSGs) and lose material via stellar winds during this period. For RSGs more massive than 10 solar masses, this mass loss becomes of evolutionary significance, and probably determines the upper mass limit of RSGs in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. Despite decades of observations, the driving mechanism responsible for mass loss in RSGs remains unknown. Mainly this is because the optical spectrum accessible from the ground provides almost no useful wind diagnostics, and what information is obtained is spatially averaged over the entire wind volume. However, within the last decade, Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations of many useful ultraviolet wind diagnostics have been obtained at a high signal-to-noise ratio and spectral resolution. In particular, RSGs in eclipsing binaries can provide spatially resolved observations of stellar chromospheres and winds. I review possible RSG wind acceleration mechanisms, discuss some observational constraints, and present some empirical models of RSG chromospheres and winds.
Maternal Dietary Patterns during Early Pregnancy and Their Association with Pregnancy Outcome among Obese Women in Gaza Strip, Palestine: a Prospective Cohort Study

Background: Maternal nutritional status during pregnancy is the main determinant of fatal development, birth weight and disease of the infant, as well as the women’s health. This study was conducted to identify major dietary patterns during early pregnancy and their association with pregnancy outcome among obese women. Methods: The current prospective cohort study was conducted among 200 pregnant obese women during the first trimester, aged >18 years old, who receiving care in primary healthcare centers in Gaza Strip, Palestine during the years 2018 and 2019. Dietary patterns were evaluated using a validated semi- quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Additional information regarding other variables was obtained with an interview-based questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20. Results: Two major dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis: Asian-like pattern and Western pattern. After adjustment for confounding variables, women in the lowest quartile (Q1) of the Asian-like pattern had a lower odds for (Preterm birth, low birth weight, and congenital anomalies), (OR 0.368 CI 95% (0.187-0.726)), (OR 0.308 CI 95% (0.133-0.714)), and (OR 0.394 CI 95% (0.197-0.791)) respectively, (P value <0.05 for all); whereas women in the lowest quartile (Q1) of the Western pattern had a higher odds for (Preterm birth), (OR 1.976 CI 95% (1.346-2.903), P value = 0.037), compared to those in the highest quartile (Q4). Conclusion: The Asian-like pattern may be associated with a lower prevalence of preterm birth, low birth weight, and congenital anomalies, whereas the Western pattern may be associated with a higher prevalence of preterm birth.
LEARNING VISUAL SEMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS FOR PROFICIENT VISUAL RECOVERY

: In this paper, I investigate how to establish the relationship between semantic concepts based on the large-scale real-world click data from image commercial engine, which is a challenging topic because the click data suffers from the noise such as typos, the same concept with different queries, etc. I first define five specific relationships between concepts. I extract some concept relationship features in textual and visual domain to train the concept relationship models. The relationship of each pair of concepts will thus be classified into one of the five special relationships. I study the efficacy of the conceptual relationships by applying them to augment imperfect image tags, i.e., improve representative power. We further employ a sophisticated hashing approach to transform augmented image tags into binary codes, which are subsequently used for content-based image retrieval task.
Ant Colony Optimization and Gradient for Capacitor Placement in Electrical Systems

 Abstract — The optimal capacitor placement problem involves determination of the location, number, type and sizes of capacitor to be placed in a distribution system in the most efficient manner. The main objective of optimal capacitor allocation is to reduce the peak power losses of the system while striving to minimize the cost of the capacitors in the system. This paper describes an approach to minimize the active losses in electrical distribution systems with the help of the optimal capacitor bank placement. Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) technique along with the gradient method is employed in order to have the perfect placement of the Capacitor Banks. We have used the gradient method along with the metaheuristic so as to accelerate the convergence of the ACO algorithm. The optimization algorithm described here has been applied successfully in two real systems. Results obtained by simulation of real systems, are presented to validate the proposed solution method.