Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Community response to noise: A review of factors influencing the relationship between noise exposure and reaction

Social surveys of the relationship between noise exposure and the subjective reactions to it were reviewed. This review indicated that remarkably similar results have been obtained across different nationalities with different measurement techniques. Only a small percentage (typically less than 20%) of the variation in individual reaction is accounted for by noise exposure. Analysis of potential errors in both measurement of noise and reaction suggests that elimination of errors would only slightly increase the observed correlations. Variables, such as attitude to the noise source and sensitivity to noise, account for more variation in reaction than does noise exposure. The weaker relationship between noise exposure and attitude than between reaction and attitude suggests that the attitude/reaction relationship is not entirely due to noise exposure causing a change in attitude itself. Noise/reaction correlations based on individual data are significantly lower in studies of impulsive noise than nonimpulsive noise. This may be caused, in part, by the restricted range of noise exposure studied in some socioacoustic investigations of impulsive noise. However, the significantly higher correlations of attitude and reaction in impulsive noise studies suggest that attitude plays an even larger part, while noise exposure plays a lesser part in determining reaction to impulsive noise, relative to nonimpulsive noise.
Three-dimensional centrifugal-flow instabilities in the lid-driven-cavity problem

The classical rectangular lid-driven-cavity problem is considered in which the motion of an incompressible fluid is induced by a single lid moving tangentially to itself with constant velocity. In a system infinitely extended in the spanwise direction the flow is two-dimensional for small Reynolds numbers. By a linear stability analysis it is shown that this basic flow becomes unstable at higher Reynolds numbers to four different three-dimensional modes depending on the aspect ratio of the cavity’s cross section. For shallow cavities the most dangerous modes are a pair of three-dimensional short waves propagating spanwise in the direction perpendicular to the basic flow. The mode is localized on the strong basic-state eddy that is created at the downstream end of the moving lid when the Reynolds number is increased. In the limit of a vanishing layer depth the critical Reynolds number approaches a finite asymptotic value. When the depth of the cavity is comparable to its width, two different centrifugal-in.
Evidence for Epistatic Interaction between HLA-G and LILRB1 in the Pathogenesis of Nonsegmental Vitiligo

Vitiligo is the most frequent cause of depigmentation worldwide. Genetic association studies have discovered about 50 loci associated with disease, many with immunological functions. Among them is HLA-G, which modulates immunity by interacting with specific inhibitory receptors, mainly LILRB1 and LILRB2. Here we investigated the LILRB1 and LILRB2 association with vitiligo risk and evaluated the possible role of interactions between HLA-G and its receptors in this pathogenesis. We tested the association of the polymorphisms of HLA-G, LILRB1, and LILRB2 with vitiligo using logistic regression along with adjustment by ancestry. Further, methods based on the multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) approach (MDR v.3.0.2, GMDR v.0.9, and MB-MDR) were used to detect potential epistatic interactions between polymorphisms from the three genes. An interaction involving rs9380142 and rs2114511 polymorphisms was identified by all methods used. The polymorphism rs9380142 is an HLA-G 3′UTR variant (+3187) with a well-established role in mRNA stability. The polymorphism rs2114511 is located in the exonic region of LILRB1. Although no association involving this SNP has been reported, ChIP-Seq experiments have identified this position as an EBF1 binding site. These results highlight the role of an epistatic interaction between HLA-G and LILRB1 in vitiligo pathogenesis.
The effect of sound on vortex shedding from cylinders

The influence of a transverse sound wave on vortex shedding from a rigid circular cylinder in a duct has been explored at Reynolds numbers from 20000 to 40000. In the absence of sound, the vortex shedding is found to consist of strings of coherent cyclic events which have frequencies that wander randomly about the nominal vortex-shedding frequency. Application of sound at the vortex-shedding frequency eliminates this wander and correlates the shedding along the cylinder axis. The frequency of vortex shedding can be shifted by sound applied either above or below the nominal vortex-shedding frequency. This entrainment is produced by the velocity induced by the sound wave rather than by the sound pressure. These phenomena are also observed in tube rows.
Improved Duty Compensation Control-Based Bidirectional Resonant DC−DC Converter With Reduced Input-Current Ripple for Battery Energy Storage Systems

This article proposes an improved duty control-based resonant bidirectional dc–dc converter (BDC) to remarkably minimize input-current ripple for battery energy storage systems. The proposed converter offers a resonant-boost operation using a pulsewidth-modulation (PWM) full-bridge circuit with a push-pull transformer under the forward mode. Whereas, in the backward mode, a resonant-buck operation is implemented with a PWM neutral-point-clamped (NPC)-type. Unlike conventional current-fed BDCs, the most appealing characteristic of the proposed converter is the NPC-type structure with a push-pull transformer, which can significantly mitigate the input-current ripple without using extra input-inductors. Moreover, the proposed BDC minimizes the conduction loss of the low-voltage side bottom switches by alleviating unbalanced dc offset-currents via proposed duty-compensation control under mismatched magnetizing inductances of the transformer's primary windings. The designed circuit operation is analyzed in detail and its practicability has been fully confirmed with the proportional-integral and spider-monkey-optimization control techniques-based experimental verifications using a prototype 1-kW test bed.
The hitchhiker's guide to the particle filter

Suppose one wants to model a dynamic process that is contaminated by noise, i.e. one seeks the state of the process given some noisy measurements. From a Bayesian point of view, the aim is to find the joint probabilistic density function (pdf) of the state and measurement vector; a complete solution for the problem. Conceptually this problem can be solved by the recursive Bayes filter. If the relevant pdfs are Gaussian and the processes are linear, this conceptual solution is the Kalman filter. However, for more general cases, e.g. the case when processes are non-linear and the pdfs are multi-modal, the exact solution is intractable due to insolvable integrals. Monte Carlo methods provide a numerical solution for these intractable integrals. The Monte Carlo approximation of the recursive Bayes filter is known as the particle filter. The concepts presented here have been extensively investigated in the literature. Our aim is to provide a concise summary of the theory of particle filters, together with an application in tracking and references for further reading.
At the low-mass end - Light and H I distribution of GR 8

The dwarf irregular galaxy GR 8, which is at the extreme faint end of the luminosity and mass functions, is studied using optical photometry and 21 cm H I line observations. For the light distribution, an exponential decline (as usual for more massive systems) is found with an extrapolated central surface brightness of B(O)c = 22.6 mag/sq arcsec and a scale length of 76 pc. The colors are typical of Im galaxies with (B - V) = 0.38. The H I is found to be clumpy with most of the gas just outside the optical image. Its radial distribution is well approximated by a Gaussian. From the kinematics, it is found that, contrary to what is normally observed, the rotation axis of the gas is parallel to the common major axis of the optical and H I distribution and not perpendicular. It is shown that rotation is only important to the gravitational support of the system in the inner parts (r less than 250 pc). 31 refs.
Indications and technical aspects of proximal gastrectomy

According to the World Health Organization, gastric cancer is the fifth most common type of tumor, and is the third most common cause of tumor-associated death. Although gastric cancer incidence rates have decreased in the past few decades, the prevalence of proximal gastric cancer has been steadily rising in developed countries. Techniques regarding the improvement of treatment options must thus be developed. This can be achieved through incorporating both a wider use of endoscopic surgery (endoscopic mucosal resection—EMR, endoscopic submucosal dissection—ESD) and a review of applied surgical interventions. Even though there is no single international consensus available, the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association (JGCA) recommends proximal gastrectomy with D1+ lymphadenectomy in early gastric tumors. Despite recommendations from Asian guidelines and the short term outcomes of the KLASS 05 trial, surgical treatments in Western countries still rely on total gastrectomy. This is mostly due to technical and oncological challenges regarding surgical interventions in a proximal gastrectomy. However, the residual stomach after a proximal gastrectomy has been shown to diminish the incidence of dumping syndrome and anemia, and even improve postoperative quality of life (QoL). Therefore, it is necessary to define the place of proximal gastrectomy in the treatment of gastric cancers.
On the interpretation of complex atomic spectra by means of the parametric Racah–Slater method and Cowan codes11This article is part of a Special Issue on the 10th International Colloquium on Atomic Spectra and Oscillator Strengths for Astrophysical and Laboratory Plasmas.

Theoretical studies of electronic configurations of several lanthanide ions in the Racah–Slater approach were performed with the standard suite of codes by R.D. Cowan, including a fitting of energy parameters. Configuration interaction was considered explicitly in the low configurations and was processed by effective parameters for doubly-excited far configurations. Mean errors lower than 100 cm–1 were obtained. Systematic differences are noticed between radial integrals calculated by ab initio PHFR and the Pfit fitted values. The consistency of the scaling factors SF(P) = Pfit/PHFR and of the effective parameters for far configuration effects is shown. In an application to Tm II, the predicted transition probabilities compared well with line intensities and led to the finding of new energy levels. In Nd II, the configuration 4f5 is identified.
Revisión sistemática de los entornos digitales inmersivos tridimensionales en la enseñanza de la programación

Currently, three-dimensional immersive digital environments (TIDE) have been applied to the educational field, being Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality and Virtual Worlds the most representative technologies. Currently in the literature there are systematic reviews that address each technology separately, making evident the need for a study covering all technologies and more specifically applied to the teaching and learning of computer programming. In the present study, 64 research studies related to the teaching of computer programming at different educational levels were analyzed. Among the main results, 57 studies developed their own tool or application, which shows the little or no practical usefulness of the developments since they are only used for experiments. In addition, most of the works present the benefits of their tools and only 12 studies mention a problem when using the TIDE in the teaching of programming. Finally, the use of TIDE is highlighted mainly for teaching the topic of control structures in programming. This topic is essential since it allows students to modify the execution flow of program instructions. En la actualidad los entornos digitales inmersivos tridimensionales (EDIT) se han aplicado al ámbito educativo, siendo la Realidad Aumentada, Realidad Virtual y los Mundos Virtuales las tecnologías más representativas. Actualmente en la literatura existen revisiones sistemáticas que abordan cada tecnología por separado, haciendo evidente la necesidad de un estudio que abarque todas las tecnologías y más puntualmente que se aplique a la enseñanza aprendizaje de la programación de computadoras. En el presente estudio se analizaron 64 investigaciones que están relacionadas a la enseñanza de algún tema sobre la programación de computadoras en diversos niveles educativos. Entre los principales resultados se destaca que 57 estudios desarrollaron su propia herramienta o aplicación, lo cual pone de manifiesto la poca o nula utilidad práctica de los desarrollos puesto que solamente se utilizan para sus experimentos. Además, la mayoría de los trabajos presentan las bondades de sus herramientas y solamente 12 estudios mencionan algún problema al utilizar los EDIT en la enseñanza de la programación. Finalmente, se destaca el uso de los EDIT principalmente para la enseñanza del tema de estructuras de control en programación. Este tema es primordial ya que permite a los estudiantes modificar el flujo de ejecución de las instrucciones de un programa.
Can Spectral Information Work While Extracting Spatial Distribution?—An Online Spectral Information Compensation Network for HSI Classification

In the past few years, deep learning-based methods have shown commendable performance for hyperspectral image (HSI) classification. Many works focus on designing independent spectral and spatial branches and then fusing the output features from two branches for category prediction. In this way, the correlation that exists between spectral and spatial information is not completely explored, and spectral information extracted from one branch is always not sufficient. Some studies also try to directly extract spectral-spatial features using 3D convolutions but are accompanied by the severe over-smoothing phenomenon and poor representation ability of spectral signatures. Unlike the above-mentioned approaches, in this paper, we propose a novel online spectral information compensation network (OSICN) for HSI classification, which consists of a candidate spectral vector mechanism, progressive filling process, and multi-branch network. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first to online supplement spectral information into the network when spatial features are extracted. The proposed OSICN makes the spectral information participate in network learning in advance to guide spatial information extraction, which truly processes spectral and spatial features in HSI as a whole. Accordingly, OSICN is more reasonable and more effective for complex HSI data. Experimental results on three benchmark datasets demonstrate that the proposed approach has more outstanding classification performance compared with the state-of-the-art methods, even with a limited number of training samples.
On the relationship between diagnostic and checking tests of the read-once functions

Abstract We consider the problem of construction of a conditional diagnostic test for the read-once functions in an arbitrary basis with the use of queries of values of function at a point and queries to check an arbitrary subfunction for an identical equality to a constant. We show a connection of this problem to the checking test and prove its polynomial solvability for a wide class of Boolean functions.
The mixing layer over a deep cavity at high-subsonic speed

The flow over a cavity at a Mach number 0.8 is considered. The cavity is deep with an aspect ratio (length over depth) L/D = 0.42. This deep cavity flow exhibits several features that makes it different from shallower cavities. It is subjected to very regular self-sustained oscillations with a highly two-dimensional and periodic organization of the mixing layer over the cavity. This is revealed by means of a high-speed schlieren technique. Analysis of pressure signals shows that the first tone mode is the strongest, the others being close to harmonics. This departs from shallower cavity flows where the tones are usually predicted well by the standard Rossiter’s model. A two-component laser-Doppler velocimetry system is also used to characterize the phase-averaged properties of the flow. It is shown that the formation of coherent vortices in the region close to the boundary layer separation has some resemblance to the ‘collective interaction mechanism’ introduced by Ho & Huang (1982) to describe mixing layers subjected to strong sub-harmonic forcing. Otherwise, the conditional statistics show close similarities with those found in classical forced mixing layers except for the production of random perturbations, which reaches a maximum in the structure centres, not in the hyperbolic regions with which turbulence production is usually associated. An attempt is made to relate this difference to the elliptic instability that may be observed here thanks to the particularly well-organized nature of the flow.
CONTINUOUS-TIME DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS WITH SAMPLED DATA, ERRORS OF MEASUREMENT AND UNOBSERVED COMPONENTS

Maximum likelihood estimation of sampled continuous-time stochastic processes is considered. The likelihood is directly maximized with respect to the original structural parameters using a scoring algorithm with exact analytical derivatives. Furthermore, the case of unobserved states and errors of measurement is treated via EM and quasi-Newton algorithms. The proposed methods are illustrated with simulation studies and analysis of sunspot activity.
'Fresnel aether drag' in a transversely moving medium

The transverse ‘Fresnel aether drag’ experienced when light passes through a refracting medium moving at right angles to the original direction of the light, and confirmed indirectly by Airy’s water-filled telescope experiment, has been observed directly. In principle a beam of light is projected through a rotating disk of glass, and the consequent transverse displacement of the beam is measured by using a photoelectric alinement technique in which one grid is imaged on another. The main difficulties in the experiment arise from displacements of the light beam due to other causes: optical inhomogeneities in the disk, skewness in its mounting, and changes in its figure due to centrifugal force. These disturbances are reduced by more than a thousand-fold by making the light traverse the disk twice, by using two observing systems at opposite ends of a diameter, and by an optical correction device for inhomogeneities analogous to the corrector bar on a lead screw. For light traversing a disk of 2.465 cm thickness and refractive index 1.524 at an operating radius of 13.75 cm, when the disk is reversed from +1501.9 to —1501.9 rev/min the displacement observed is 6.175 nm + 0.016 nm standard deviation. The displacement (to be expected from the Fresnel aether drag formula is 6.174 nm.
Transient Electrophoretic Motion of Cylindrical Particles in Capillaries

The transient electrophoretic motion of a cylindrical particle through a relatively narrow channel is numerically simulated. The particle is initially located on the channel centerline and the initial angle of the particle to the channel centerline is varied with the objective of determining the effect on the particle trajectory. It is observed that the particles that begin aligned with or perpendicular to the channel centerline translate at a constant rate without rotation. The particles that begin at an intermediate angle (22.5°, 45°, and 67.5°) translate along the channel while also translating perpendicular to the channel centerline and rotating in an oscillatory manner.
Applicability of Different Methods for Quantifying Virucidal Efficacy Using MENNO Florades and Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus as an Example

After entry of a quarantine/regulated pathogen, infected plants shall be destroyed, and the cultivated area (e.g., greenhouse) shall be disinfected. Therefore, the selection of an effective disinfectant plays an important role. With the availability of different methods for virus quantification, we investigated the application of quantitative ELISA (qELISA), RT-qPCR (reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction), and bioassays for the quantification of disinfectant efficacy. Therefore, we estimated the titer reduction in tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV), a regulated pathogen, in plant sap and on germ carriers after treatment with MENNO Florades 4% for 16 h. The virus load before and after the treatment was measured with the mentioned methods. The RT-qPCR and qELISA methods showed very low efficacy in the presence of the disinfectant. Although bioassays are time-consuming, need purified particles for establishing the quantification models, and are less sensitive than RT-qPCR, they were able to quantify the differences in virus titer in the presence/absence of disinfectant. Interestingly, the bioassays reached at least the lower limit sensitivity of a qELISA. By being less sensitive to the presence of the disinfectant, bioassays proved to be the only technique for the determination of the disinfectant efficacy against ToBRFV on different germ carriers as well as on virus-infected plant sap.
Control of voltage stability using sensitivity analysis

The effects of static compensation on the voltage stability boundary are investigated. For a class of voltage instabilities which correspond to static bifurcations of load flow equations, minimum singular values of the Jacobian matrix and total generated reactive power are calculated as indicators of stability margin, and sensitivity methods are used for reactive support allocation. Improvement in stability margin under progressive loading was investigated on a 39-bus test system for different allocations and amounts of reactive support with reactive generation capabilities taken into account. >
Kinematic and Dynamic Aspects of the Harrah Tornadic Storm Analyzed from Dual-Doppler Radar Data

Abstract The paper deals with a diagnostic study of the three-dimensional kinematic and dynamic structure of the Harrah tornadic storm. Wind fields were computed from data collected over a 28 min interval in four dual-Doppler radar volume scans during a tornado occurrence. Associated with this storm, there was a strong low-level inflow jet supplying warm, moist air to a tilted updraft, a mid-level vortex doublet, and downdrafts on both storm flanks. The left flank downdraft intensified, undercut the tilted updraft, and formed a gust front along the right rear flank. The gust front propagated cyclonically around the mesocyclone. Calculations of divergence and vorticity showed that in the middle troposphere, the updraft nearly coincided with cyclonic vorticity approximately 10−2 s−1. The low-level tornado cyclone was between the horizontally sheared inflow-outflow region. A mechanism for producing and intensifying this vorticity and downdraft structure is presented on the basis of calculations of the tiltin.