Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Elevated CO 2 Impacts on Grazed Pasture: Long-Term Lessons from the New Zealand FACE

A grazed pasture Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experiment has been operating for almost 15 years in the Rangitikei Region of New Zealand, following earlier work studying CO2, temperature and moisture effects on pasture in growth chambers. The longer-term results are reviewed with a focus on primary productivity, pasture compositional dynamics, nutrient cycling feedbacks and soil carbon supply. In terms of the direct effects of CO2 elevated to 475 ppm, increases in primary production were reflected in belowground allocation and legume stimulation, with the latter diminishing in the longer term and annual aboveground net herbage accumulation showing a low and variable response over time. The grazing animal has strongly influenced nitrogen (N) transformations, in terms of carbon (C) and N decoupling and return to soil, a feedback that appears to mitigate the recognized effects of increased C inputs on nitrogen limitation. Nevertheless, soil mineral N has decreased and labile fractions of soil carbon have increased – effects only detectable over a decade. Key lessons unique to this study include the animal and soil feedbacks that have driven longer-term effects differing from earlier growth chamber and the results of FACE in the first few years. Remaining questions for further investigation include mechanisms influencing legume responses and the effects of elevated CO2 on N processes (biological fixation, microbial processing, mineral N losses). The facility is currently undergoing major refurbishment in order to explore the effects of elevated CO2 and interactions with temperature and moisture availability.
3-D head pose estimation from video by nonlinear stochastic particle ﬁltering

Current methods for automatic facial expression recognition assume images are collected in controlled environments in which the subjects de-liberately face the camera. Since people often nod or turn their heads, automatic recognition of spontaneous facial behavior requires methods for handling out-of-image-plane head rotations. We approached this problem by developing a front-end system that jointly estimates camera parameters, head geometry and 3-D head pose across entire sequences of video images. Head geometry and image parameters were assumed constant across images and 3-D head pose is allowed to vary. The system was developed using a non-linear stochastic ﬁltering approach: First a a small set of images was used to estimate camera parameters and 3D face geometry. Markov chain Monte-Carlo methods were then used to recover the most-likely sequence of 3D poses given a sequence of video images. Once the 3D pose was known, we warped each image into frontal views with a canonical face geometry. We compare the particle ﬁlter approach to deterministic approaches like the orthogonal iteration algorithm [7]. We evaluate the performance of our system as a front-end for an sponta-neous expression recognition task.
Clinical progression of Parkinson's disease in the early 21st century: Insights from AMP-PD dataset

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) therapeutic strategies have evolved since the introduction of levodopa in the 1960s, but there is limited data on their impact on disease progression markers. Objective: Delineate the current landscape of PD progression at tertiary subspecialty care and research centers. Method: Using Accelerating Medicine Partnership-PD (AMP-PD) data harmonized from seven biomarker discovery studies (2010-2020), we extracted: overall [Schwab and England (S&E), PD Questionnaire (PDQ-39)]; motor [Movement Disorders Society Unified PD Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS)-II and -III and Hoehn & Yahr (HY)]; and non-motor [MDS-UPDRS-I, University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS)] scores. Age at diagnosis was set as 0 years, and data were tracked for 15 subsequent years. Results: Subjects' (3,001 PD cases: 2,838 white, 1,843 males) mean age at diagnosis was 60.2 ±] 10.3 years and disease duration was 9.9 {+/-} 6.0 years at the baseline evaluation. Participants largely reported independence (S&E, 5y: 86.6 {+/-} 12.3; 10y: 78.9 {+/-} 19.3; 15y: 78.5 {+/-} 17.0) and good quality of life (PDQ-39, 5y: 15.5 {+/-} 12.3; 10y: 22.1 {+/-} 15.8; 15y: 24.3 {+/-} 14.4). Motor scores displayed a linear progression, whereas non-motor scores plateaued ~10-15 years. Younger onset age correlated with slower overall (S&E), motor (MDS-UPDRS-III), and non-motor (UPSIT/MoCA) progression, and females had better overall motor (MDS-UPDRS-II-III) and non-motor (UPSIT) scores than males. Conclusions: Twenty-first century PD patients remain largely independent in the first decade of disease. Female and young age of diagnosis were associated with better clinical outcomes. There are data gaps for non-whites and metrics that gauge non-motor progression for >10 years after diagnosis.
Farmers perception about social impact and constraints in wastewaterirrigation

This research was an effort to check farmers' perception about social constraints in wastewater irrigation. The data were collected from Faisalabad District. The universe of the study consists of two peri-urban communities of Faisalabad i.e. Chakera and Prokianwala. Fifty respondents were selected from each of the area under study. As per research achievements of the project, it was concluded that 50% of the respondents were using wastewater to irrigate their lands and preferred to use untreated wastewater for irrigation as it has more nutrients than any other water source. Consequently 50% of the respondents were showing its losses in the form that it is bad for health and land. A 74% of the respondents mentioned that wastewater did not have any type of health effect.
Triple Trouble with Triple Solutions: A Unique Case Report of a Severe Exudative Retinal Detachment Accompanied by Retinal Traction and Two Retinal Holes in Coats Disease

Abstract Introduction Coats disease is a rare vasculature pathology that usually presents as retinal telangiectasia with possible progression to exudative retinal detachment (RD). Intravitreal anti-VEGF injections, cryotherapy, laser photocoagulation, and surgery are commonly used to control the disease and prevent its progression. Although iatrogenic tractional RDs secondary to anti-VEGF injections have been reported in patients with Coats disease, RDs in Coats disease are exudative, secondary to retinal exudation and vascular abnormalities. In this article, we present the first reported case of a severe exudative RD accompanied by retinal traction and two retinal holes in a patient with Coats disease. Case Presentation A 32-year-old male initially presented with Coats disease stage 2A, which then progressed to 3A1 within a month of close follow-ups, finally leading to exudative RD. Following cryotherapy and bevacizumab injections, the exudative RD progressed, with the emergence of retinal traction and two retinal holes. This complex case was successfully treated with a scleral buckle vitrectomy accompanied by radial elements to support the RD, pars plana vitrectomy, silicon oil tamponade, and post-surgical bevacizumab injections. Six months following the surgical intervention, the patient’s vision is restored at 20/30, and retinal imaging shows a totally flattened retina. Conclusion We present the first reported case of a severe exudative RD accompanied by retinal traction and two retinal holes in a patient with Coats disease. The combination of surgical treatment and bevacizumab injections is thought to have collectively contributed to our patient’s favorable outcome.
The spatial and temporal situation of China’s digital technology innovation and its influencing factors

Digital technology innovation is the core driving force for the high-quality development of the digital economy, and in-depth exploration of the regional distribution pattern and formation mechanism of digital technology innovation in China is conducive to the rational layout and coordinated development of the inter-provincial digital economy. Based on the Reference Relationship Table of the Classification of Core Industries of Digital Economy and the International Patent Classification (2023), the patent authorization data of digital technology from 2012 to 2022 were obtained, and the spatiotemporal situation of China’s digital technology innovation was analyzed by using ArcGIS software, Dagum’s Gini coefficient, and Moran’s I index, and the spatial Dubin panel model was used to explore the influencing factors of digital technology innovation. It is found that: (1) the scale and vitality of China’s digital technology innovation have increased significantly, and there are obvious spatial differentiation characteristics, and the innovation level of "eastern coastal—central and western interior" is decreasing, forming a cluster distribution pattern in the Yangtze River Delta region, Beijing, Guangdong, and other places, and the degree of agglomeration is decreasing. (2) The overall regional differences in China’s digital technology innovation are large, the differences between the East and the West dominate the interregional differences, and the net differences between regions are the main factors leading to regional differences. (3) There is a significant positive spatial correlation between the scale and vitality of digital technology innovation, which has a significant spatial spillover effect. (4) The results confirm that the level of economic development, digital access, financial scientific and technological support, technology market development level, and R&D intensity have a significant positive impact on the scale and vitality of digital technology innovation; The investment in scientific and technological talents has a significant positive impact on the scale of digital technology innovation, but has no significant impact on the vitality of digital technology innovation.
Radiocarbon Dating in Near-Eastern Contexts: Confusion and Quality Control

Near-Eastern archaeology has long remained oblivious to radiocarbon dating as unique historical calendars brought about a perception that 14C dating is superfluous. Circular chronological reasoning may occur as a result. There is now strong 14C evidence that the early part of Egyptian history seems older than age assessments currently in vogue among scholars. It is vital to apply systematic and high-quality 14C dating to each and every excavation in the Near East to measure time with the same yardstick. Such a strategy will enable chronological comparison of different areas at an excavation site and also between sites and regions, independent of cultural deliberations. This is essential for proper interpretation of archaeological layers and association with data from other fields. Radiocarbon (14C) is the most common radiometric dating tool applied in archaeology, geosciences, and environmental research. Stringent quality control is required to build up a reliable 14C chronology for the historical periods in Near-Eastern contexts. Important aspects of quality control involve regular laboratory intercomparisons, transparent duplicate and triplicate analysis of selected samples, conventional versus accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) (i.e. sample size), sample selection and association. Finally, bones may provide short-lived dates in important stratigraphic archaeological contexts.
Precise coordination between nutrient transporters ensures fertility in the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae

Females from many mosquito species feed on blood to acquire nutrients for egg development. The oogenetic cycle has been characterized in the arboviral vector Aedes aegypti, where after a bloodmeal, the lipid transporter lipophorin (Lp) shuttles lipids from the midgut and fat body to the ovaries, and a yolk precursor protein, vitellogenin (Vg), is deposited into the oocyte by receptor-mediated endocytosis. Our understanding of how the roles of these two nutrient transporters are mutually coordinated is however limited in this and other mosquito species. Here, we demonstrate that in the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae, Lp and Vg are reciprocally regulated in a timely manner to optimize egg development and ensure fertility. Defective lipid transport via Lp knockdown triggers abortive ovarian follicle development, leading to misregulation of Vg and aberrant yolk granules. Conversely, depletion of Vg causes an upregulation of Lp in the fat body in a manner that appears to be at least partially dependent on target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling, resulting in excess lipid accumulation in the developing follicles. Embryos deposited by Vg-depleted mothers are completely inviable, and are arrested early during development, likely due to severely reduced amino acid levels and protein synthesis. Our findings demonstrate that the mutual regulation of these two nutrient transporters is essential to safeguard fertility by ensuring correct nutrient balance in the developing oocyte, and validate Vg and Lp as two potential candidates for mosquito control.
A Robust Framework for One-Shot Key Information Extraction via Deep Partial Graph Matching

Text field labelling plays a key role in Key Information Extraction (KIE) from structured document images. However, existing methods ignore the field drift and outlier problems, which limit their performance and make them less robust. This paper casts the text field labelling problem into a partial graph matching problem and proposes an end-to-end trainable framework called Deep Partial Graph Matching (dPGM) for the one-shot KIE task. It represents each document as a graph and estimates the correspondence between text fields from different documents by maximizing the graph similarity of different documents. Our framework obtains a strict one-to-one correspondence by adopting a combinatorial solver module with an extra one-to-(at most)-one mapping constraint to do the exact graph matching, which leads to the robustness of the field drift problem and the outlier problem. Finally, a large one-shot KIE dataset named DKIE is collected and annotated to promote research of the KIE task. This dataset will be released to the research and industry communities. Extensive experiments on both the public and our new DKIE datasets show that our method can achieve state-of-the-art performance and is more robust than existing methods.
Ultralow Auger-Assisted Interlayer Exciton Annihilation in WS2/WSe2 Moiré Heterobilayers

Transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) heterobilayers have emerged as a promising platform for exploring solid-state quantum simulators and many-body quantum phenomena. Their type II band alignment, combined with the moiré superlattice, inevitably leads to nontrivial exciton interactions and dynamics. Here, we unveil the distinct Auger annihilation processes for delocalized interlayer excitons in WS2/WSe2 moiré heterobilayers. By fitting the characteristic efficiency droop and bimolecular recombination rate, we quantitatively determine an ultralow Auger coefficient of 1.3 × 10–5 cm2 s–1, which is >100-fold smaller than that of excitons in TMD monolayers. In addition, we reveal selective exciton upconversion into the WSe2 layer, which highlights the significance of intralayer electron Coulomb interactions in dictating the microscopic scattering pathways. The distinct Auger processes arising from spatial electron–hole separation have important implications for TMD heterobilayers while endowing interlayer excitons and their strongly correlated states with unique layer degrees of freedom.
Novel Prevention Approaches of Breast Cancer Surgery Related Complications: Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis

Background: Breast cancer surgery related complications are a complex condition influenced by interactions among nerve pathways and the physiological responses to breast surgery. The intensity of this complications displays substantial heterogeneity, dependent on individual patient characteristics, the extent of the surgical procedure performed, and various contributing factors. Methods: A comprehensive search of electronic databases was conducted to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating interventions for post-mastectomy pain syndrome (PMPS). A network meta-analysis was performed to integrate direct and indirect evidence, enabling comparisons of multiple interventions across different outcome measures. Results: The systematic search yielded a total of 26 RCTs investigating 4 groups of different interventions for PMPS. The interventions included pharmacological agents, nerve blocks, physical therapy, and anesthesia regimens. Nerve blocks (OR: 0.34; 95% CrI: 0.24–0.46) and anesthesia (OR: 0.39; 95% CrI: 0.26–0.56) demonstrated improvements in functional outcomes and quality of life. Conclusion: This systematic review and network meta-analysis provide a comprehensive evaluation of interventions for PMPS, highlighting their varying efficacy in alleviating pain and improving functional outcomes and quality of life. However, further research with large-scale, well-designed RCTs is warranted to strengthen the evidence base and validate the effectiveness of these interventions in managing PMPS effectively.
scCAN: Clustering With Adaptive Neighbor-Based Imputation Method for Single-Cell RNA-Seq Data

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is widely used to study cellular heterogeneity in different samples. However, due to technical deficiencies, dropout events often result in zero gene expression values in the gene expression matrix. In this paper, we propose a new imputation method called scCAN, based on adaptive neighborhood clustering, to estimate the zero value of dropouts. Our method continuously updates cell-cell similarity information by simultaneously learning similarity relationships, clustering structures, and imposing new rank constraints on the Laplacian matrix of the similarity matrix, improving the imputation of dropout zero values. To evaluate the performance of this method, we used four simulated and eight real scRNA-seq data for downstream analyses, including cell clustering, recovered gene expression, and reconstructed cell trajectories. Our method improves the performance of the downstream analysis and is better than other imputation methods.
Le balbuzard pêcheur Pandion haliaetus nicheur en France continentale. Ecologie, dynamique et conservation

The first successful breeding attempt of an Osprey, Pandion halieatus, in continental France since several decades, occurred in 1985 in the Orleans Forest, 90 km south of Paris. The population has grown steadily to 6 pairs in 1997 and an additional pair is now breeding 65 km SW of the nearest site in the Orleans Forest. The overall breeding success was 1.20-1.83 fledgling /pair/year and 2.26 per successful pair. Fishing occurred both on forest ponds and on River Loire. Nests were built in old pine forest stands, 4.5-16 km from the river and 30-800 m from the nearest pond. The first breeders arrived in early March and laid eggs between 1-15 April . Fledglings dispersed away from nest after 15 August. Foraging trips were usually 8-25 km long and foraging ranges extended over 40-180 km 2 . Most prey were Cyprinid fishes. The mean number of fishes brought daily to nest (100% by male) increased from 1.3 during incubation to 4.15 in the late fledging period. From 1995 to 1997, 28 fledglings were banded but none of them has yet been resighted. Three banded breeding adults in 1997 had been ringed as nestlings in Eastern Germany in 1988-92. The population is now expected to expand in France and new pairs are settling as far as Lorraine. Conservation measures are suggested for the management and growth of the french population of breeding Ospreys.
Effects of hunting on mammalian (Mammalia) populations in the western sector of the Dja Reserve (Southern Cameroon)

Les mutations actuelles d'origines demographique et socio-economique du mode de vie des populations humaines forestieres africaines accroissent la pression de chasse sur la faune sauvage et la part de la chasse commerciale par rapport a celle d'auto-consommation. Une etude sur la chasse des mammiferes au fusil et par piegeage a ete conduite de janvier 1994 a decembre 1995 a Mekas, le plus grand village du secteur ouest de la reserve de la biosphere du Dja, Sud-Cameroun. Les chasseurs de Mekas ont utilise un territoire de chasse de 300 km 2 . Les cephalophes, Cephalophus spp. (4 especes) ont ete les especes les plus capturees (64 % des prises, n = 419 et 77,6 % de la biomasse animale prelevee) parmi 28 especes de petits et moyens mammiferes. Le piegeage a provoque une perte du gibier capture par pourrissement pour les pieges poses a plus de 15 km du village. La chasse villageoise telle qu'elle etait pratiquee avait un objectif prioritairement commercial et secondairement de subsistance. Le modele de l'accroissement des populations de ROBINSON et REDFORD (1991) a ete utilise pour estimer la production maximale des populations et determiner la pression de chasse qu'elles peuvent supporter sans danger pour leur survie. Les prelevements effectues sur Cephalophus spp. , Cephalophus dorsalis, Cercopithecus pogonias et Atherurus africanus dans la zone de chasse la plus proche du village, n'etaient pas durables : ces especes ont ete surexploitees. Pour assurer la conservation et l'utilisation rationnelle de la faune, nous recommandons de reduire la pression de chasse dans ce secteur occidental de la reserve de la biosphere du Dja. Pour cela, nous proposons un plan de zonage comportant une zone de chasse locale, limitee a 15 km autour des villages, et une zone-tampon sans perturbations humaines importantes situee entre 15 et 20 a 25 km, permettant le repeuplement de la zone de chasse. Nous recommandons aussi, entre autres mesures, le relevement des pieges tous les deux jours et une organisation des chasseurs villageois pour limiter la chasse et le braconnage allochtones.
Research Article Genetic diversity in cowpea landraces analyzed by ISSR markers

The cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (Fabeaceae) is widely cultivated in semi-arid regions, such as northeast Brazil. Due to the low crop yields in this region, it would be useful to develop cultivars adapted to these climate conditions. Landraces are seen as an important source of germplasm to be used in breeding programs of this species due to their good adaptation to the environment, but for this strategy to be viable, their genetic variability must be studied. To this end, we evaluated the genetic diversity, using ISSR molecular markers, of 52 samples of cowpea landraces collected mostly from small producers from all over the state of Ceará, Brazil. The DNA of the genotypes was extracted and analyzed using 25 primers. Based on the electrophoresis profiles of the bands, a genetic dissimilarity matrix was prepared, and a cluster analysis made using the UPGMA and modified Tocher methods. Fourteen primers amplified 80 bands, of which 61 were polymorphic, generating a polymorphism rate of 76%. The selected markers were efficient in identifying genetic variability among the varieties under evaluation, providing a large amount of information. The polymorphic information content varied from 0.13 to 0.66 and the band frequency ranged from 0.01 to 1.00. The two clustering methods agreed in the number of groups formed (n = 6), with the genetic distances ranging from 0.05 to 0.31, values considered low, suggesting a narrow genetic base for the landraces of this species in Ceará state.