Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A B-spline finite element solution of the Kohn–Sham equation for an atom

A numerical algorithm solving the Kohn–Sham (KS) equation for a free or confined atom on an arbitrary mesh is presented. The eigenfunction of the radial KS equation and the electrostatic potential in the Poisson equation are approximated by the linear combination of B-spline functions. The application of the Galerkin finite element method reduces the functional eigenproblem to the generalized eigenproblem with the symmetric, positive-definite banded matrices where the efficient algorithm of finding a few lowest eigenvalues exists. The described algorithm is implemented in the RAtom program and applied to calculate the KS orbital energies of the In atom and the In+ cation. It has been demonstrated that the proposed algorithm provides efficient and flexible schemes. The obtained KS orbital energies of the In atom for 200 knots agree with the results reported for the shooting method on the logarithmic mesh within 10−5 hartree.
Influence of Microgravity on the Physiology, Pathogenicity and Antibiotic Efficacy of Microorganisms

Exploration beyond low earth orbit is a major challenge during space missions. The journey brings deleterious changes to the composition of bacterial flora of the spacecraft and compromises the immune system of the crew members significantly. Space exploration reduces immunological competence in crew members and is expected to create harmful alterations in the bacterial flora of the nasal, gastrointestinal, and respiratory tracts, increasing the susceptibility to disease. The pathogenicity character traits of bacteria and other microorganisms that pollute the material of the International Space Station as well as other flight platforms may be modified by the space flight environment, which may affect their vulnerability to antibiotics, which are important ingredients of flights medical setups. In conclusion susceptibility of microbes to antibiotics was affected and measures need to be studied in order to establish precautionary methods for future space missions. In this review we discussed the effect of spaceflights on microbial physiology; various challenges faced by the crew members and spacecraft equipment, and also highlighted methods to overcome these challenges during space flights for ensuring safety of the crew.
Spectral versus harmonic information for timbre: Pilot and experimental results

This work summarizes results from six experiments on steady‐state timbre perception. The primary variable of interest was the physical similarity of tones within each trial: tones were either similar by virtue of their spectral envelope (i.e., they shared resonance characteristics) or their harmonic envelope (i.e., they shared overtone characteristics). These two continua were chosen as candidates for basic perceptual dimensions because (1) they each contain specific types of information about the sound source/event, and (2) a cursory computational analysis suggests that very different processes are needed to extract information about resonances versus overtones from the auditory input. It was reasoned that if different subsystems subserve the processing of timbre along each of these two dimensions, then performance on perceptual tasks would dissociate under appropriate experimental manipulations. These included (1) attentional focus and response type (timbre similarity judgment, pitch direction judgment, or pitch contour judgment), (2) perceptual priming, and (3) auditory masking. Results demonstrate that in general both dimensions of similarity can support perceptual priming, but also show specific dissociations which inform the understanding of steady‐state timbre perception. [Portions of this research were supported by NSF Grant No. DBS‐9222358 to Jamshed Bharucha. ]
Further Insights into the Structure of 30 Doradus from the Hubble Space Telescope Instruments

New observations with the Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2), combined with prior archival data, provide nearly complete coverage of the inner 30 Doradus Nebula in both nebular lines and continuum at 0. ″1 resolution. The developing windblown cavity surrounding the massive first-generation, central cluster and its interface with the remanent molecular clouds, the site of second-generation, triggered star formation, are imaged in their entirety. Dithered Planetary Camera observations with 0. ″03 resolution of Knots 1–3 reveal further structural details of the large dust pillars oriented toward the central cluster and the newborn, massive multiple systems of the second generation in those fields. The new data also provide the first WFPC2 coverage of the fields of two interesting, luminous infrared sources observed in our previous Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer program; comparisons of the high-resolution optical and IR images are illuminating. In addition, we have obtained Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph optical, long-slit observations of seven O-type multiple systems in the region, including those in Knots 1–3 and four representatives of the older generation. The spatially resolved spectrograms and classifications of the close pairs, with separations ranging from 0. ″09 to 1. ″18, are presented, as well as WFPC2 photometry of the individual components and the compact clusters of fainter stars associated with them. These new observations, and planned further analysis of them, offer significant new information about the intricate structure and evolution of the two-stage starburst in 30 Dor.
Effects of guava (Psidium guajava L.) and bhumi amla (Phyllanthus amarus Chum et Thonn) extracts on haematological parameters and oxidative stress of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) fingerlings exposed to high-temperature stress

Effects of guava (Psidium guajava L.) and bhumi amla (Phyllanthus amarus Chum et Thonn) on haematology and thermal stress mitigation of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) were investigated. In a 42-day trial, fish were administered 4 diets as control (without extract), 0.2% P. guajava (Pg0.2), 0.5% P. amarus (Pa0.5), and a mixture of Pg0.2 and Pa0.5 (Mix). Fish were then subjected to temperatures of 27°C, 31°C, and 35°C for another 42 days. Haematological parameters were highest at 35°C, but these parameters were not significantly different from values recorded at 31°C on day 14 post-temperature challenge. The Pg0.2 diet modified red blood cells, haematocrit, and haemoglobin (p<0.05). The lowest glucose concentration was recorded in Pg0.2 (57.4±1.34 mg/100 mL) and Mix (58.9±1.87 mg/100 mL) groups after 14 days of thermal exposure. Glucose concentration surged on the third-day post-temperature challenge, then declined, and was maintained at 35°C until the end of the experiment which was not significant if compared to those at 27°C. Pg0.2 and Mix diets significantly reduced lipid peroxidation and enhanced catalase in gill and liver after 42 days. In the case average water temperature in the Mekong Delta remains below 35°C, the feeding diets for P. hypophthalmus administered Pg0.2 or.
3D Motion Reconstruction and Integration Based on Non-Linear Subspace

In this paper, we project the body motion to a lower-dimensional subspace with the dimensionality deduction method to get the inner structure of motion. The lower dimension non-linear projection in the subspace with the ISOMAP manifold learning method successfully construct the motion time model and form the new motion style. Experiment results show that the approaches are effective to process 3D human motion
Generalizations of logarithmic Sobolev inequalities

We generalize logarithmic Sobolev inequalities to logarithmic Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequalities, and apply these inequalities to prove ultracontractivity of the semigroup generated by the doubly nonlinear $p$-Laplacian $\dot{u}=\Delta_p u^m. $ Our proof does not use Moser iteration, but shows that the time-dependent Lebesgue norm $\||u(t)|\|_{r(t)}$ stays bounded for a variable exponent $r(t)$ blowing up in arbitrary short time.
Finite element method as applied to the study of gratings embedded in complementary metal-oxide semiconductor image sensors

We present a new formulation of the finite element method (FEM) dedicated to the rigorous solution of Maxwell's equations and adapted to the calculation of the scalar diffracted field in optoelectronic subwavelength periodic structures [for both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarization cases]. The advantage of this method is that its implementation remains independent of the number of layers in the structure, the number of diffractive patterns, the geometry of the diffractive object, and the properties of materials. The spectral response of large test photodiodes that can legitimately be represented in 2-D has been measured on a dedicated optical bench and compared to the theory. The validity of the model as well as the possibility of conceiving in this way simple processible diffractive spectral filters are discussed.
A study of some finite permutation groups

This thesis records an attempt to prove the two conjecture: Conjecture A: Every finite non-regular primitive permutation group of degree n contains permutations fixing one point but fixing at most $n^{1/2}$ points. Conjecture C: Every finite irreducible linear group of degree m > 1 contains an element whose fixed-point space has dimension at most m/2. Variants of these conjectures are formulated, and C is reduced to a special case of A. The main results of the investigation are: Theorem 2: Every finite non-regular primitive permutation group of degree n contains permutations which fix one point but fix fewer than (n+3)/4 points. Theorem 3: Every finite non-regular primitive soluble permutation group of degree n contains permutations which fix one point but fix fewer than $n^{7/18}$ points. Theorem 4: If H is a finite group, F is a field whose characteristic is 0 or does not divide the order of H, and M is a non-trivial irreducible H-module of dimension m over F, then there is an element h in H whose fixed-point space in M has dimension less than m/2. Theorem 5: If H is a finite soluble group, F is any field, and M is a non-trivial irreducible H-module of dimension m over F, then there is an element h in H whose fixed-point space in M has dimension less than 7m/18. Proofs of these assertions are to be found in Chapter II; examples which show the limitations on possible strenghtenings of the conjectures and results are marshalled in Chapter III. A detailed formulation of the problems and results is contained in section 1.
The effectiveness of methods and algorithms for detecting and isolating factors that negatively affect the growth of crops

This article discusses a large number of textural features and integral transformations for the analysis of texture-type images. It also discusses the description and analysis of the features of applying existing methods for segmenting texture areas in images and determining the advantages and disadvantages of these methods and the problems that arise in the segmentation of texture areas in images. The purpose of the ongoing research is to use methods and determine the effectiveness of methods for the analysis of aerospace images, which are a combination of textural regions of natural origin and artificial objects. Currently, the automation of the processing of aerospace information, in particular images of the earth’s surface, remains an urgent task. The main goal is to develop models and methods for more efficient use of information technologies for the analysis of multispectral texture-type images in the developed algorithms. The article proposes a comprehensive approach to these issues, that is, the consideration of a large number of textural features by integral transformation to eventually create algorithms and programs applicable to solving a wide class of problems in agriculture.
Modified compensation model of CdTe

The traditional compensation model to explain the high resistivity properties of CdTe is based on the presence of a deep acceptor level of the cadmium vacancy in the middle of the band gap. A new compensation model based on a deep intrinsic donor level is presented. The compensation model is used together with an appropriate segregation model to calculate axial distributions of resistivity which are compared with spatially resolved resistivity measurements. The Te-antisite defect is discussed as a possible origin cause of this intrinsic defect, which is also supported by theoretical calculations.
Estimating Fréchet means in Bookstein's shape space

In [8], Le showed that procrustean mean shapes of samples are consistent estimates of Fréchet means for a class of probability measures in Kendall's shape spaces. In this paper, we investigate the analogous case in Bookstein's shape space for labelled triangles and propose an estimator that is easy to compute and is a consistent estimate of the Fréchet mean, with respect to sinh(δ/√2), of any probability measure for which such a mean exists. Furthermore, for a certain class of probability measures, this estimate also tends almost surely to the Fréchet mean calculated with respect to the Riemannian distance δ.
Individualized Approaches to Diabetes Care in Nursing Homes

Although diabetes care has been widely established as a single entity, data in older, frail individuals with numerous comorbidities and have limited polymedication. This group accounts for a sizable number of nursing home residents (NHs). We came together as a group of experts with multidisciplinary (endocrinologists, geriatricians, Nurses staff, general practitioners and diabetologists) with real-world practice in this field, which is becoming more and more important globally, to compile practical, straightforward guidance on the managing of senior, fragile patients of diabetes. An Individual Care Plan (ICP), which is presented in layman's terms, is the cornerstone of a patient's diabetes treatment. This is due to the demands placed on personnel of NH (medical coordinator, manager, nurses, and caregiver working at the front lines, and the other caregiver worker which is under training). The actual purpose of this document, which is released when the patient is admitted, is to made prescriptions ensure that given at and followed after admission. It details the need for proper treatment, regular monitoring, and dates and times for essential examinations and testing. This entails keeping tabs on the patient's HbA1c, as well as their blood and urine glucose levels and any complications that may arise from the condition (hypoglycemia, cardiovascular disease, foot disorders, ocular problems, malnutrition, kidney failure and peripheral neuropathy). Consequentially, staff education on the unique challenges of care for an elderly person with diabetes, emergency procedures, and maintaining an up-to-date ICP for use by medical professionals is essential. Keywords: Diabetes care, nursing home, staff nurses
Superconductivity of Metals and Cuprates

^IIntroduction: The discovery and occurrence of superconductivity. Plan of the book. ^IThe superfluid: The pair wavefunction [ ]. The superfluid velocity and density. Absence of resistance. Magnetic fields, use of vector potential and guage covariance. The london equations, penetration depth. The London guage. Flux quantisation. Absence of thermoelectric effects. ^IThe phase transition: Phase diagram in the B-T plane. { }F, { }S and { }C in zero field. Magnetic energies, Meissner effect. The critical field Bc (T). ^IGinzburg-Landau theory: The Ginzburg-Landau free energy density. The Ginzburg-Landau equations and boundary conditions. Penetration depth, coherence length and [ ]. Boundary energy. Flux vortices. ^IType I and Type II superconductors: Type I superconductors, the intermediate state. Landau's branching model, critical currents. Type II superconductors. Bc1, the flux lattice. Bc@ and Bc#. Flux pinning and flux flow. Critical currents and the peak effect. Critical currents and type II behaviour of thin films. ^IIntroduction to microscopic theory: Description using second quantisation. The attractive interaction. The BCS ground state. The BCS weak coupling model. Single particle excitations and theirproperties, [ ](T). Meaning of [ ] and the superfluid in BCS, [ ](T). Other properties understandable in terms of BCS theory. Gap anisotropy and strong coupling. ^ICoherence lengths and decay times: Results only of Gor'kov theory, the Ginzburg-Landau parameters. Dirty superconductors. The proximity effect. Fluctuations in superconductors. Pippard non-local electromagnetic theory. Surface impedance, infra-red reflectivity. Interfaces and Andreev reflection. Branch crossing and other decay times. ^ITunnelling and the Josephson effect: Giaevar tunnelling. [ ]2F measurements. The Josephson effect at low frequencies. Quantum interference. The plasma resonance. high frequency theory. Other weak links ^ISQUIDs and their uses: dc and rf SQUID explained. SQUID noise and sensitivity. Applications, matching of SQUID circuits. ^IOther applications of superconductivity: Laboratory uses. Superconducting magnets. Applications in heavy engineering. Logic circuits: the Josephson computer. Microwave applications. ^IFurther microscopic theory: Off-diagonal long-range order. Equation of motion method, Bogoliubov equations. Green's function methods, the route to Gor'kov and to Pippard. Gapless superconductors. estimates of Tc, Macmillan theory. Other attractive interaction, p-wave superconductors. ^IThe discovery of high-Tc superconductors: Account of the discovery. Structures, electronic states, phonon structure and normal state properties. Effects of stoichiometry on Tc. The isotope effect. ^IProperties of high-Tc superconductors: Magnetisation, critical current densities. The glassy state. Heat capacity. Microwave surface impedance. Critical point behaviour. Tunnelling behaviour. Spectroscopy. spin resonance. ^IMechanisms of high-Tc superconductivity: Appendices.
On the potential of assimilating meteorological analyses in a global climate model for the purpose of model validation

A simple four-dimensional assimilation technique, called Newtonian relaxation, has been applied to the Hamburg climate model (ECHAM), to enable comparison of model output with observations for short periods of time. The prognostic model variables vorticity, divergence, temperature, and surface pressure have been relaxed toward European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) global meteorological analyses. Several experiments have been carried out, in which the values of the relaxation coefficients have been varied to find out which values are most usable for our purpose. To be able to use the method for validation of model physics or chemistry, good agreement of the model simulated mass and wind field is required. In addition, the model physics should not be disturbed too strongly by the relaxation forcing itself. Both aspects have been investigated. Good agreement with basic observed quantities, like wind, temperature, and pressure is obtained for most simulations in the extratropics. Derived variables, like precipitation and evaporation, have been compared with ECMWF forecasts and observations. Agreement for these variables is smaller than for the basic observed quantities. Nevertheless, considerable improvement is obtained relative to a control run without assimilation. Differences between tropics and extratropics are smaller than for the basic observed quantities. Results also show that precipitation and evaporation are affected by a sort of continuous spin-up which is introduced by the relaxation: the bias (ECMWF-ECHAM) is increasing with increasing relaxation forcing. In agreement with this result we found that with increasing relaxation forcing the vertical exchange of tracers by turbulent boundary layer mixing and, in a lesser extent, by convection, is reduced.
Design Guide of Master Arms Considering Operator Dynamics

In this paper, a design guide of master arms for teleoperation is discussed. The quality of the master arm design has a considerable influence on the maneuverability of master-slave systems. A quantitative measure of the manipulative ability of master arms is proposed, and is obtained by extending the concept of the dynamic manipulability. It is pointed out that the directional property of the manipulability ellipsoid in the work space is an important factor. A second quantitative measure is proposed which evaluates the similarity of the manipulability ellipsoids produced by two situations-when the operator maneuvers the master arm and when he has no payload. Numerical examples and several guide lines for master arm design are shown
A Double-Adaptive File Compression Algorithm

We describe a one-pass compression scheme which presumes no statistical properties of the data being compressed. The model structure adaptively selects a subset of first-order Markov contexts, based on an estimate of the candidate context's popularity. The probability distributions for the unselected (lumped) first-order contexts are made the same, reducing cost over a full first-order Markov model. Symbol repetitions are handled in special secondorder Markov contexts. The statistics for each symbol are adaptively determined by an extension of earlier work.
Acoustic absorption of macro-perforated porous materials

The paper discusses the absorption of non-homogeneous thin macro-porous materials. In particular, the acoustic absorption performance of three-dimensional (3-D) porous media made up from thin porous patches, with different acoustic properties, is investigated using a numerical model. The presented model considers the configuration wherein the material is bonded onto the hard-walled termination of a semi-infinite rectangular waveguide. It couples a finite element description for the porous material to a modal description in the waveguide and uses a power balance approach to accurately quantify the absorption performance of the material. Experimental results are presented to validate the model in the special case of a macro-perforated porous material. Using this model a parameter study is presented. It is shown that absorption may be increased at low frequency by using non-homogeneous patch-works.
A note on Bernstein’s approximation problem

then {u"K(u)]q is fundamental in C0(— «>, °°), unless 1/K(z) is an entire function. Unfortunately this criterion is defective in that it leaves in an inconclusive position such functions as K(u)=e~u*, K(u)=sech u whose reciprocals are entire, which satisfy the condition (3), and yet which are known to give rise to fundamental sets {unK(u)}. In this note we present a sharper criterion which leaves in this indecisive state a smaller class of functions.
The emission-line knot in the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 5347

We report on narrow-band Hex imaging and long-slit spectroscopy at intermediate resolution from [Ne v] ,13425 A to [S III] A 9532 A at PA = 25 ~ 5 through the nucleus ofthe Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 5347. The nucleus shows very-high-excitation lines, such as [Nev], Hen, [Fevn] and [Fe x]. At 3 arcsec to the north-east there is a high­ excitation emission knot which also shows the Ca n infrared triplet in absorption, with an equivalent width of 8.2 A, indicating the presence of red supergiant stars. We find, however, that the spectrum of this knot has emission-line intensities characteristic of photoionization by a hard AGN-like continuum. This continuum emission seems to be emitted anisotropically by the nucleus. Evidence for the anisotropic radiation field comes from photon deficit arguments, whereby the flux of ionizing photons emitted by the nucleus in the direction of the knot and in the line of sight to the Earth is calculated. The knot is located perpendicular to the stellar bar, and just inside the inner Lindblad resonance.