Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coordinated Microgrids Integration in Distribution System with Different Power Purchase Agreement Options

The recent policy changes in the energy sector encourage wider investment in microgrids (MG) having a high proportion of renewable energy and their integration into distribution systems (DS). MGs are expected to complement the DS technical and economic operation; however, their power purchase agreement (PPA) can increase the energy bills of the DS customers. The onus of this study is to investigate the impact of multiple MGs on the DS operation where the MG investors are offered different power purchase contract options. A two-phase methodology is developed to solve the operation interactions of the DS operator (DSO) and MG owners. In the first phase, the optimal sizing of the MGs is determined considering a coordinated integration approach for the MG owners. In the second phase, the yearly co-operation of the DSO and MGs is analyzed considering the yearly load profile and deviation in the capacity factor of the respective MGs. Simulations are carried out on a modified IEEE 33-Bus System consisting of a DSO and three MGs. Relevant results and suggestions are provided for the effective inclusion of the MGs in the DS.
Chip scale package (CSP) solder joint reliability and modeling

A viscoplastic constitutive model was used to analyze the thermally induced plastic and creep deformation and low cycle fatigue behaviour of the solder joints in chip scale packages (CSP) mounted on PCBs. The time-dependent and time-independent viscoplastic strain rate and plastic hardening work factors of solder material were used in 2D plane strain finite element models. The viscoplastic strain rate data was fitted to the viscoplastic flow equation. The plastic hardening factors were considered in the evolution equation. Finite element models, incorporating the viscoplastic flow and evolution equations, were verified by temperature cycling tests on assembled CSPs. The effect of the cyclic frequency, dwell time, and temperature ramp rate on the response of the viscoplastic deformation was studied for a tapeless lead-on-chip (LOC) CSP and a flexible substrate CSP. The ramp rate significantly affects the equivalent stress range in solder joints, while a dwell time in excess of 10 minutes per half cycle does not result in increased strain range. The failure data from the experiments was fitted to the Weibull failure distribution and the Weibull parameters were extracted. After satisfactory correlation between experiment and model was observed, the effect of material properties and package design variables on the fatigue life of solder joints in CSPs was investigated, and the primary factors affecting solder fatigue life were subsequently presented. Furthermore, a simplified model was proposed to predict the solder fatigue life in CSPs.
Development of compact directional antenna utilising plane of symmetry for wideband brain stroke detection systems

Microwave-based brain stroke detection demands low profile, compact, directive and wideband antennas for efficient imaging using portable systems. Using image theory of electromagnetics, the magnetic symmetry plane of a folded antenna is utilised for its miniaturisation to half of its original volume without sacrificing its penetration capability or radiation directivity. The antenna achieves 63% fractional bandwidth (1.25-2.4 GHz) with 3.5 dBi average gain along the direction of radiation. Both the near-field and far-field radiations are characterised to ensure the antenna's applicability in the detection system. Moreover, the radiation safety is also analysed since the antenna has to operate in close proximity to the head. The overall dimensions of the proposed antenna are 0. 29λ0 × 0. 12λ0 × 0. 06λ0 (λ0 = lowest operating wavelength).
Enhancement of ultra‐wideband microstrip monopole antenna by using unequal arms V‐shaped slot printed on metamaterial surface

A novel ultra‐wideband (UWB) printed monopole microstrip patch antenna is presented. The UWB is provided by using unequal V‐shaped slot arms to provide staggered resonance frequencies from different couplings. Second, using modified ground plane to enhance the bandwidth. An impedance bandwidth from 2 to 30 GHz is obtained using HFSS® with discontinuities in this bandwidth. For further enhancement in the bandwidth, antenna gain as well as removing the harmonic frequencies, the embedded electromagnetic band‐gap (EBG) structure is used. The impedance bandwidth reaches 2000%, covering the frequency range 0.5–40 GHz with bandwidth ratio of 80:1. Three different techniques of metamaterial are used, namely using embedded square shapes as artificial magnetic conductor, using embedded uniplanar square EBG structure without via, and, finally, using embedded metallo‐electromagnetic band‐gap structure with via. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:2203–2209, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25447
Discovery of ICT for the Growth and Development in Sub Sahara Africa: Utilization, Enlightenment, Effort and Challeges

This paper will actually focus on the issues relating to the growth and developmental challenges of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), literacy needs, enlightenment and absence of ICT devices for human development and lack of formal skilled approaches to the understanding and application of ICT in sub Sahara Africa.Several data on ICT efforts were collated from documented materials, literature, Journals, electronic and non electronic media and other sources to assist in this discussion; including historical and analytical reports on ICT in some Africa country like Nigeria, South Africa, Togo to mention but few relating to the impact, capacity building and citizenship participation on the ICT process. Recommendations for ICT policy improvement in the field of literacy, special education, formal and non-formal education for urban and rural dwellers in Africa nations were also provided. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.11591/ij-ict.v1i1. 263
SpaRec: Sparse Systematic RLNC Recoding in Multi-hop Networks

Sparse Random Linear Network Coding (RLNC) reduces the computational complexity of the RLNC decoding through a low density of the non-zero coding coefficients, which can be achieved through sending uncoded (systematic) packets. However, conventional recoding of sparse RLNC coded packets at an intermediate node in a multi-hop network increases the density of non-zero coding coefficients. We develop and evaluate sparsity-preserving recoding (SpaRec) strategies that preserve the low density of non-zero coding coefficients of sparse RLNC with systematic packets. We develop SpaRec strategies with and without decoding at the intermediate nodes, with and without a specified coding rate, as well as with finite and infinite recoding window lengths. We evaluate the SpaRec strategies in multi-hop networks in terms of packet loss, packet delivery delay, as well as recoding and decoding (computation) throughput. We find that the SpaRec strategies substantially improve the RLNC performance compared to conventional recoding.
The effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the relative expression of catalase, P450, SOD, diTDS and WRKY genes of Vitex agnus-castus L.

Each environmental factor is able to change the way genes are expressed. Application of nanoparticles also affects the expression of different genes in plants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of three different concentration of titanium dioxide nanoparticles, TiO2 (zero, 200 and 800 micrograms per milliliter) on the relative expression of catalase, P450, SOD, diTDS and WRKY genes in Vitex plant leaf tissue using qRT- PCR. Plant cultivation was carried out in 2018 in the greenhouse of Islamic Azad University of Mashhad. The experiment was arranged as completely random design with 5 replications. XRD measurements showed that applied TiO2 nanoparticles were in the form of anatase. Statistical analysis of gene expression in treated leaves of Vitex plant with TiO2 nanoparticles showed that this nanoparticle significantly affected the expression of catalase, P450, SOD, diTPS and WRKY genes. A concentration of 800 micrograms per milliliter of TiO2 nanoparticle increased the expression of catalase, P450, SOD and WRKY genes and decreased the expression of diTPS gene. In contrast, concentrations of 200 micrograms per milliliter only increased the expression of catalase and WRKY genes. The expression of the diTPS gene under treatments of 200 and 800 micrograms per liter of TiO2, compared with control, decreased by 2.1 and 0.46, respectively. Overall, the nanoparticle was able to influence the expression of genes in the biosynthetic pathway of terpenoids, as well as the plant's antioxidant enzymes, depending on the concentration of nanoparticles.
An Approach to Developing Competency Models for Programming Courses

This work-in-progress paper is focused on the area of innovative practice in computing education. Existing research has found that many students who graduate from software development and computer science programs do so without acquiring all the necessary skills to become an effective professional developer. This paper advocates for implementation of competency-based education to address this competency gap. It does so by presenting a set of methods for developing competency models in practice to assist in the implementation of competency-based education. By providing educators with these recommendations, we hope to offer some tools to help provide students a more effective education and better prepare them for their futures.
Horizonwise Model-Predictive Control With Application to Autonomous Driving Vehicle

In this article, we present an innovative approach, i.e., horizonwise model-predictive control (H-MPC), to solve the model-predictive control (MPC) problem of a linear time-varying (LTV) system. In H-MPC, we regard the time-varying parameters as time invariant within the prediction horizon. To solve the MPC problem of the time-varying system, the decision variable is decomposed into two terms: one for linear time-invariant optimization and the other for compensating LTV uncertainties with an introduction to a uniform compensation condition. The proposed H-MPC solves the time-varying problem by removing the uncertainty due to the future parameter variations within the horizon and by updating the time-invariant MPC at each sampling time. To validate the usefulness of the proposed H-MPC, it is applied to lane tracking control for an autonomous driving vehicle. From a comparative study of the H-MPC and conventional MPCs in lane tracking control, it is confirmed that the proposed H-MPC has a competitive performance compared to LTV-MPC despite its much simpler structure.
Reliability improvements in solder bump processing for flip chips

A plated solder-bump process used for the manufacture of high-reliability flip chips is described. Characterization work done to improve the process manufacturability and the resulting product reliability gains are reviewed. Two detailed studies of the thin-film deposition conditions and the Cu pedestal plating parameters are described. Recommendations implemented as a result of these studies have reduced the bump-interconnect-failure level from a defect rate of approximately 500 p.p.m. to <10 p.p.m. Excellent temperature cycling performance of assembled hybrids was obtained. The process has been used in high-volume production to manufacture ICs used in automobiles (under-hood application). In process capability has improved from a C/sub p/<1 to C/sub p/>1.5. This work highlights the need and the benefits of detailed characterization, which results in more robust manufacturing processes and eventually in more reliable product performance. <<ETX>>
Finite Element Analysis of Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-(GFRP) Reinforced Continuous Concrete Beams

Fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) is a competitive solution for the durability of reinforced structures. This paper aims to observe the moment redistribution behavior occurring due to flexural and shear loading in Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer- (GFRP) reinforced continuous concrete beams. A rectangular cross-section was adopted in this study with dimensions of 200 mm in width and 300 mm in depth with a constant shear span-to-depth ratio of 3. The reinforcement ratio for the top and bottom were equal at sagging and hogging moment regions. A finite element model was created using Analysis System (ANSYS) and validated with the existing experimental results in the literature review. Based on the literature review, the parametric study was conducted on twelve beam specimens to evaluate the influence of concrete compressive strength, transversal GFRP stirrups ratio, and longitudinal reinforcement ratio on the redistribution of the moment in beams. Several codes and guidelines adopted different analytical models. The Canadian Standards Association (CSA) S806 adopted the modified compression field theory in predicting the shear capacity of the simply supported beams. Recently, various researchers encountered several factors and modifications to account for concrete contribution, longitudinal, and transverse reinforcement. A comparison between the predicting shear capacity of the generated finite element model, the analytical model, and the existing data from the literature was performed. The generated finite element model showed a good agreement with the experimental results, while the beam specimens failed in shear after undergoing significant moment redistribution from hogging to sagging moment region. The moment distribution observed about 21.5% from FEM of beam specimen GN-1.2-0.48-d, while the experimental results achieved 24% at failure load. For high strength concrete presented in beam specimen GH-1.2-0.63-d, the result showed about 20.2% moment distribution, compared to that achieved experimentally of 23% at failure load.
Partial discharge diagnostics for gas insulated substations

A defect such as a free metallic particle or stress-raising edge on an electrode could lead to breakdown in a gas insulated substation (GIS), but may be detected by the partial discharges it generates. Of the various detection means available, most success has been achieved with either acoustic transducers to detect sound waves from the discharge, or electrical couplers to pick up the ultra-high-frequency (UHF) signals generated inside the GIS chambers. All new GIS in the UK are fitted with internal couplers for UHF monitoring, and two examples of continuous monitoring schemes on 400 kV GIS at nuclear power stations are described. Further developments, which are already well advanced, include specifying and measuring the coupler characteristics, making use of expert systems to interpret the UHF discharge data, and extending the monitoring system to include the performance of circuit breakers and other equipment. >
Trends in Public Stigma of Mental Illness in the US, 1996-2018

Key Points Question What changes in the prejudice and discrimination attached to mental illness have occurred in the past 2 decades? Findings In this survey study of 4129 adults in the US, survey data from 1996 to 2006 showed improvements in public beliefs about the causes of schizophrenia and alcohol dependence, and data from a 2018 survey noted decreased rejection for depression. Changes in mental illness stigma appeared to be largely associated with age and generational shifts. Meaning Results of this study suggest a decrease in the stigma regarding depression; however, increases and stabilized attributions regarding the other disorders may need to be addressed.
The Computation of Coaxial Line Step Capacitances

Accurate values of coaxial line step capacitances have been computed by the method of 'mode matching' at the plane of the discontinuity in a coaxial line, as described by Whinnery, Jamieson, and Robbins in 1944. The capacitances are given in tables, graphs, and as empirical explicit expressions, suitable for programming in digital computers.
Basic Prototype Design and Verification of Hadoop Cluster based on Private Cloud Infrastructure for SMB

Abstract Recently, Cloud Computing and Big Data has become a buzzword in the field of IT. In this paper, as part of special efforts to support small businesses (SMB) in these situations, we designed the basic prototypes ver. 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 for Hadoop cluster based on private cloud infrastructure and implemented the part of basic prototypes. And we verified the performances of the basic prototypes using ASA Dataset. Key words : Private Cloud Infrastructure, SMB, Prototype Design * [\1 ]4^_`abR(School of Information and Communications, GIST) ** cdef b(Dept. of Computer Engineering, Chosun Univ.,) *** (\)ghi(Ajantech co.)**** jefC klmn(Dept. of Internet Contents, Honam Univ.,) ‧ 1op(First Author) : qrs(ByungRae Cha) 0 faop(Correponding Author) : tU;(Yong-Il Kim, Tel:+82-62-940-5595, e-mail: yikim@honam.ac.kr) ‧ uv;p: 2013325;‧ wx(v^);p: 2013326;(v^;p: 2013423;) ‧ yz;p: 2013430; http://dx.doi. org/10.12673/jkoni.2013. 17.2. 225 I. 서 론 { @2012 |}L~[1] d^10e1] =, F@2013- y 1] )(L1 c). *+,-. /012(SMB)- MUA BCAGH36A>IJK 5y&). 7ENISA[2]#2009/012e+#Ocx#3-. /012 3U5@ >@y N5'(). @CA//. FNg 0i-#^__, IT 4, S/W, H/W#p? ¢3£¤v()@¥ ', %@IT p4#¦`W§¨W, LM'@©aF#«¬Wz­®¯X:°-3U) @¥ )[3]. - . *±²3³5VOPA
Multi-objective planning framework for stochastic and controllable distributed energy resources

The amount of distributed energy resources (DER) in the grid is continually increasing, and the potential benefits and drawbacks are becoming clearer. However, there is still a lack of clarity in how these multiple effects interact and which trade-offs should be made in the integration of new DER. There is a clear need for appropriate DER planning tools in the current market environment, in which both DER operators and distribution system operators (DSOs) may have multiple, often conflicting objectives and where uncertainty remains present as to which targets can be reached with a high amount of DER in the grid. A novel multi-objective planning framework is presented for the integration of stochastic and controllable DER in the distribution grid. A case study that illustrates the proposed framework is presented. Active DER management in terms of curtailment as well as dispatch of units is studied using the proposed multi-objective approach. Additionally, the extent to which active DER can be used as an alternative for grid reinforcements is analysed. The results show that the proposed multi-objective approach permits a better evaluation of the potential of active DER to support system operation.
A new approach to calculating core losses in the SRM

In the switched reluctance motor, the flux waveforms are nonsinusoidal and different parts of the magnetic circuit have different waveforms. This paper presents a new approach to taking into account these flux waveforms in the calculation of core losses. Relations between the fluxes of different parts of the magnetic circuits are given in the form of matrix equations, where the fluxes are expressed in terms of normalized flux pulses. Rewriting the eddy-current loss term in the Steinmetz equation in terms of the square of dB/dt and combining it with the matrix equations, eddy-current losses for the complicated flux waveforms of the stator and rotor yokes are calculated. The effect of PWM is taken into account by considering the PWM voltage waveform as dB/dt. From the matrices, it is easy to count how many times the full and minor hysteresis loops occur at each pole and yoke segment. The effect of the minor loop is taken into account based on experimental results. The proposed approach gives a systematic procedure for the core loss calculation. The derived equations are simple and useful for the design of the SRM. <<ETX>>
Selection of Laboratory Test Specimen Dimension for Permanent Deformation of Asphalt Concrete Pavements

Permanent deformation of asphalt concrete pavements is a critical distress mechanism. Efforts are currently being made to understand, analyze, and predict permanent deformation response. To characterize asphalt concrete, laboratory testing is routinely performed. The concept of the representative volume element for determining the minimum specimen dimensions to obtain reliable and repeatable laboratory test data is discussed here. Two conceptual laboratory tests that are currently used to characterize asphalt concrete—the restricted triaxial test and the simple shear test at constant height—are also discussed. The imperfections of both tests are investigated and recommendations for specimen size and the aspect ratio for each of the tests are made.
Outcome Assessment of Performance on the Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) Examination

To protect the public health, safety and welfare, the practice of engineering has been entrusted, by various governmental entities, only to those persons duly licensed and registered. Engineering has also been declared by government statute to be a learned profession, the practitioners of which are held accountable to the public for high professional standards in keeping with the ethics and practices of other professions Texas Board of Professional Engineers 1999 . Approved education, appropriate experience, and examination—commonly called the three E’s—are required to become a professional engineer NCEES 2002 . This paper describes experiences, including an outcomes assessment process related to the operation of a fundamentals of engineering FE review course designed to help individuals become engineers-intraining EIT Koehn 2004 . Successful completion of the fundamentals of engineering examination is one of the initial steps in becoming an EIT and subsequently a licensed professional engineer Murdough Center for Engineering Professionalism 2000 .
Effect of cylinder spacing on reflection and propagation of substrate‐integrated waveguide

The effects of cylinder spacing on the reflection and propagation of substrate‐integrated waveguide (SIW) are investigated in this article. The reflection and propagation characteristics of SIW are simulated with HFSS in cases of different cylinder spacings. The simulation results show that, the cylinder spacing of SIW has much flexibility of selection, the return loss and insertion loss can be kept almost unchanged, provided that the cylinder spacings W
A Methodology for Estimation of Bus Dwell Time and Prediction Intervals

The variability in bus dwell time is the key issues in advanced traveler information system(ATIS) and transit signal priority(TSP) systems because the successful estimation of the bus arrival time is greatly dependent on the accurate prediction of the bus dwell time at stops. In this paper, a probabilistic model and the weighted least squares (WLS) regression model were developed to predict the bus dwell time. Although the probabilistic model showed the strength in representing the determinants of dwell time as random variables, the observed data did not support the model assumption of the linear correlation between the number of alighting passengers and the passenger loads. It was concluded from an analysis of the dwell time determinants that the bus headway is most significant determinant and that the regression model with the bus headway as an independent variable gave the best results. Because of the non-constant variance over bus headways, the weighted least squares method was employed in order to consider the non-constant variance. Another advantage of the WLS method is that the prediction interval may be readily calculated. The prediction interval is more informative than mean dwell time in supporting ATIS and TSP systems.