Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Immunopathological Responses to the Bovine Mastitis Associated with Staphylococcus Species Infection

Bovine mastitis is a disease that concerns animals' welfare and increases the economic production losses. Bacterial agents such as Staphylococcus species are the main causative agent of bovine mastitis. This bacterial agent expresses some inflammatory cytokines that might enhance the cell-mediated, which may promote the pathogenesis of mastitis. The objective of the current study was to investigate the bovine innate immune response circulating levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. A total of 10 mL of milk specimens were collected randomly from 100 clinically mastitic cows, and another 20 clinically healthy cows were considered as a control group for the California Mastitis test. The microbiological cultures of milk specimens were performed. The interleukins (ILs)that involved IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 were detected using the ELISA test for the evaluation of the pro-inflammatory bovine mastitis pathophysiology. The results of this study showed that Staphylococcus aureus detection was in 31.2% of mastitic milk and 8.7% of non-mastitic milk specimens; and the coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was detected in 14.8% and 18.7% in the mastitic and non-mastitic milk specimens, respectively. The IL-6 level was shown significantly higher (P<0.05)in the specimens of mastitic milk (194±12.8 pg/mL) compared to the non-mastitic milk (31±2.9 pg/mL). In conclusion, the elevated level of expression of IL-6 cytokine in the milk of cows with mastitis suggested that IL-6 might be used as a potentially suitable biomarker for early bovine mastitis diagnosis
Magnetic separation using a switchable system of permanent magnets

In high gradient magnetic separation, the separator consists of a ferromagnetic matrix which is energized by an external field source. The aim of this work is to develop a viable magnetic separation system utilizing permanent magnets as the field source. The use of such a source has several advantages over an electromagnetic or superconducting system, mainly obviating the need for power supplies or cryogenic cooling. However, the periodic requirement of filter cleaning dictates that the field source must be switchable in order to facilitate filtrate removal. Hence, permanent magnets have not been widely used. The solution presented here is to employ a novel arrangement of permanent magnets which permits the flux density in the matrix to be switched between distinct maximum and minimum levels. Hence, optimum capture is carried out with the field at maximum, then cleaning is accomplished by washing the filter with the field at minimum. The early work has centered on a simple configuration of this system whi.
Stress-induced warpage and the compensation in a composite microaccelerometer

Mechanical modeling and analysis have been carried out for a fabricated micro-accelerometer. The sensor is designed with composite polysilicon/silicon nitride tether arms to provide a net overall tensile state. The stress distribution in both polysilicon and silicon nitride films, and the resulting structural deformation, have been calculated. Both experimental results and finite element analysis (FEA) of the complete sensor structure show that a consistent upward deflection of the tether structure exists, which causes an off-set of the suspended poly plate and results in yield loss and sensor performance degradation. This phenomenon is explained by designing, fabricating, and testing two cantilever beams with cross-sections similar to the actual tether structure. Depending on the beam's cross-section dimensions, all the cantilever samples also exhibit upward deflection to varying degrees. Theoretical analysis and FEA simulation are conducted for the cantilever beams, and the results compared with experimental data. An analytical formula is provided to optimize the composite polysilicon/silicon-nitride tether geometry to minimize or eliminate the undesirable stress-induced deflection.
Interference of Past Soil Contaminations in the Biomonitoring of PCB Emissions from a Recovered Derived Fuels (RDFs) Co-Powered Cement Plant

Although the intentional production of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) has totally been banned, these pollutants are still released into the atmosphere by industrial and domestic burning processes and by volatilization from soils locally contaminated by PCB spill-overs. The present work aims at identifying the PCB sources in a mixed land use area of northeastern Italy around a cement plant co-powered with recovered derived fuels (RDFs) from 2018. Leaves of Robinia pseudoacacia trees were systematically sampled over c. 40 km2 in 37 sites and analyzed for 12 dioxin-like and 20 non-dioxin-like congeners. The samples of most sampling sites had a PCB content < LOD, whereas those with higher content were located in urban sites. The spatial distribution of PCB leaf content was not centered on the purported emission sources. The samples of three spatially unrelated sites had high contents of 2, 12 and 18 PCB congeners, with the last two having combinations fully compatible with past commercial mixtures traded under different names. Comparison of these results with those of previous (bio-)monitoring surveys supports the hypothesis that the area has been subjected to punctiform PCB spill-overs, which overwhelm the contribution from present day industrial emissions, comprised of those actually derived from the use of RDFs.
Synthesis of Ferroelectric Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) Copolymer Films and their Application in Integrated Full Organic Pyroelectric Sensors

A sol-gel-based fabrication route for obtaining ferroelectric P(VDF-TrFE) thin films via a spin-coating technique at low temperatures was developed. The ferroelectric and pyroelectric properties of IR-sensors based on these layers were determined by hysteresis loop measurements, by dielectric characterization and by the laser intensity modulation method. On-chip stepwise poling at room temperature turned out to be very effective in increasing the pyroelectric current response. Finally, the sensors were directly integrated with organic thin film transistors to guarantee a low impedance read-out of the response.
Stirred culture of cartilaginous microtissues promotes chondrogenic hypertrophy through exposure to intermittent shear stress

Abstract Cartilage microtissues are promising tissue modules for bottom up biofabrication of implants leading to bone defect regeneration. Hitherto, most of the protocols for the development of these cartilaginous microtissues have been carried out in static setups, however, for achieving higher scales, dynamic process needs to be investigated. In the present study, we explored the impact of suspension culture on the cartilage microtissues in a novel stirred microbioreactor system. To study the effect of the process shear stress, experiments with three different impeller velocities were carried out. Moreover, we used mathematical modeling to estimate the magnitude of shear stress on the individual microtissues during dynamic culture. Identification of appropriate mixing intensity allowed dynamic bioreactor culture of the microtissues for up to 14 days maintaining microtissue suspension. Dynamic culture did not affect microtissue viability, although lower proliferation was observed as opposed to the statically cultured ones. However, when assessing cell differentiation, gene expression values showed significant upregulation of both Indian Hedgehog (IHH) and collagen type X (COLX), well known markers of chondrogenic hypertrophy, for the dynamically cultured microtissues. Exometabolomics analysis revealed similarly distinct metabolic profiles between static and dynamic conditions. Dynamic cultured microtissues showed a higher glycolytic profile compared with the statically cultured ones while several amino acids such as proline and aspartate exhibited significant differences. Furthermore, in vivo implantations proved that microtissues cultured in dynamic conditions are functional and able to undergo endochondral ossification. Our work demonstrated a suspension differentiation process for the production of cartilaginous microtissues, revealing that shear stress resulted to an acceleration of differentiation towards hypertrophic cartilage.
A theorem in finite projective geometry and some applications to number theory

A point in a finite projective plane PG(2, pn), may be denoted by the symbol (Xl, X2, X3), where the coordinates x1, X2, X3 are marks of a Galois field of order pn, GF(pn). The symbol (0, 0, 0) is excluded, and if k is a non-zero mark of the GF(pn), the symbols (X1, X2, X3) and (kxl, kx2, kx3) are to be thought of as the same point. The totality of points whose coordinates satisfy the equation ulxl+u2x2+U3x3 = 0, where u1, U2, u3 are marks of the GF(pn), not all zero, is called a line. The plane then consists of p2n +pn + 1 = q points and q lines; each line contains pn+1 points.t A finite projective plane, PG(2, pn), defined in this way is Pascalian and Desarguesian; it exists for every prime p and positive integer n, and there is only one such PG(2, pn) for a given p and n (VB, p. 247, VY, p. 151). Let Ao be a point of a given PG(2, pn), and let C be a collineation of the points of the plane. (A collineation is a 1-1 transformation carrying points into points and lines into lines.) Suppose C carries Ao into Al, A1 into A2,. , Ak into Ao; or, denoting the product C C by C2, C. C2 by C3, etc., we have C(Ao) =A1, C2(Ao) =A2, . , Ck(A o) =A o. If k is the smallest positive integer for which C k(A o) =Ao, we call k the period of C with respect to the point A o. If the period of a collineation C with respect to a point Ao is q (=p2n+pn+l), then the period of C with respect to any point in the plane is q, and in this case we will call C simply a collineation of period q. We prove in the first theorem that there is always at least one collineation of period q, and from it we derive some results of interest in finite geometry and number theory. Let
Complementary Genes Controlling Immune Response to ϑ-AKR Antigen in Mice

The primary response of mice to ϑ-AKR antigen was measured by means of plaque assay detecting cells producing antibodies lytic for AKR thymocytes (PFC). It was found that 3 of 12 different F1 hybrids produced significantly more PFC than either parental strain. In segregating populations of C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice, H-2 homozygotes responded like parental mice, whereas most but not all H-2 heterozygotes responded like F1 hybrids. In the F2 population 7% and in the backcross population to C57BL/6J parent 20% of H-2 heterozygotes responded like parental mice. On the basis of experimental data, a hypothesis was advanced that thre eloci in the IXth linkage group are involved in genetic control of the response to ϑ-AKR antigen. Each locus has at least two alleles, one dominant and one recessive. Dominant alleles complement each other which explains why the response to certain F1 hybrids is higher than the response of their parents. Two of three hypothetical loci are closely linked to each other as well as to the H-2 complex and might be considered components of the Ir-1 system.
Ray Optics Model for Optical Trapping of Biconcave Red Blood Cells

Red blood cells (RBCs) or erythrocytes are essential for oxygenating the peripherical tissue in the human body. Impairment of their physical properties may lead to severe diseases. Optical tweezers have in experiments been shown to be a powerful tool for assessing the biochemical and biophysical properties of RBCs. Despite this success there has been little theoretical work investigating of the stability of erythrocytes in optical tweezers. In this paper we report a numerical study of the trapping of RBCs in the healthy, native biconcave disk conformation in optical tweezers using the ray optics approximation. We study trapping using both single- and dual-beam optical tweezers and show that the complex biconcave shape of the RBC is a significant factor in determining the optical forces and torques on the cell, and ultimately the equilibrium configuration of the RBC within the trap. We also numerically demonstrate how the addition of a third or even fourth trapping laser beam can be used to control the cell orientation in the optical trap. The present investigation sheds light on the trapping mechanism of healthy erythrocytes and can be exploited by experimentalist to envisage new experiments.
Nonsingular Terminal Sliding Mode-Based Distributed Cooperative Event-Triggered Control for Multiple Surface Vessels Under Actuator Faults With Input Saturation

In this paper, a fixed-time distributed cooperative control under actuator faults with input saturation scheme is designed for multiple surface vessels (MSVs). Firstly, a fixed-time disturbance observer (FxDO) is introduced to observe unknown environmental disturbances and actuator faults (AF). Secondly, to deal with the actuator saturation, an improved nonlinear antiwindup compensator is introduced to compensate for the saturation effect of the actuator. Thirdly, a fixed-time fault-tolerant event-triggered control law with the actuator saturation is applied to cooperative control based on a fixed-time nonsingular terminal sliding mode manifold (FxNTSMM), and their cooperative errors can converge within fixed time. At the same time, the upper bound of convergence time is independent of the initial state. Finally, the stability analysis of the cooperative control system is given to prove that the system can realize the practical fixed time stability, and Zeno phenomenon is avoided by theoretical proof. Simulation results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Highlights of New Strategies to Increase the Efficacy of Transition Metal Complexes for Cancer Treatments

Although important progress has been made, cancer still remains a complex disease to treat. Serious side effects, the insurgence of resistance and poor selectivity are some of the problems associated with the classical metal-based anti-cancer therapies currently in clinical use. New treatment approaches are still needed to increase cancer patient survival without cancer recurrence. Herein, we reviewed two promising—at least in our opinion—new strategies to increase the efficacy of transition metal-based complexes. First, we considered the possibility of assembling two biologically active fragments containing different metal centres into the same molecule, thus obtaining a heterobimetallic complex. A critical comparison with the monometallic counterparts was done. The reviewed literature has been divided into two groups: the case of platinum; the case of gold. Secondly, the conjugation of metal-based complexes to a targeting moiety was discussed. Particularly, we highlighted some interesting examples of compounds targeting cancer cell organelles according to a third-order targeting approach, and complexes targeting the whole cancer cell, according to a second-order targeting strategy.
Sistem Isyarat Bahasa Indonesia (SIBI) Metode Convolutional Neural Network Sequential secara Real Time

Bahasa isyarat dengan menggunakan gerakan tangan biasanya dilakukan oleh tuna rungu dan tuna wicara. Bahasa isyarat yang digunakan di Indonesia adalah SIBI (Sistem Isyarat Bahasa Indonesia). Namun, penggunaan bahasa isyarat tangan tidak selalu di mengerti oleh manusia normal sehingga dibutuhkan perangkat tambahan yang dapat mempermudah dalam menerjemahkan suatu isyarat. Perangkat tambahan yang dikembangkan dalam penelitian ini melibatkan teknologi visi komputer deep learning sehingga menghasilkan tools untuk menerjemahkan bahasa isyarat tangan. Dalam penelitian ini, gambar isyarat tangan di capture menggunakan webcam kemudian dilakukan pre-processing dengan mengubah gambar ke dalam bentuk HSV. Gambar yang digunakan dalam penelitian berupa citra sebanyak 26 kelas huruf alfabet SIBI dan 3 kelas tambahan, dengan masing-masing kelas memiliki 1000 gambar. Kemudian dilakukan cropping dan thresholding dengan menempatkan isyarat tangan yang berbentuk huruf kedalam kotak yang merupakan area ROI untuk memudahkan pengenalan. Teknologi visi komputer deep learning convolutional neural network (CNN) digunakan untuk feature learning dan mengklasifikasi isyarat tangan pada sebuah obyek. Untuk menguji metode CNN, digunakan berbagai variasi cahaya sebesar 10-200 lux, serta jarak dari tangan ke webcam 50-200 cm. Hasil penelitian dengan metode CNN pada citra isyarat tangan memberikan akurasi sebesar 92%, presisi 91,96%, sensitivitas 91,9%, spesivisitas 91,96% dan f1 score 91,9%. AbstractSign language is usually used by deaf and speech impaired persons. The Sistem Isyarat Bahasa Indonesia (SIBI) is a hand signal language used in Indonesia. The use of hand signals is not always understood by normal humans, such that additional devices are needed to make sign translation easier. The additional device in this study is developed using deep learning and computer vision technology to produce a hand signal translation tool. This study uses 29 sign images for a dataset, consisting of 26 letters of the alphabet and 3 additional signs, namely space, delete, and unclassified. Pre-processing is performed by converting the image into HSV, cropping, and thresholding to make easy recognition. The convolutional neural network (CNN) method is then used as a learning feature and hand signals classifier on an object. The testing phase is performed on various lights ranging from 10-200 lux and the hand distance to the webcam is about 50-200 cm. Experimental results show that the CNN method on the hand signal image could provide an accuracy of 97.2%, precision of 91.96%, sensitivity of 91.9%, specificity of 91.96%, and F1 score of 91.9%, respectively.
Naringin and Naringenin Polyphenols in Neurological Diseases: Understandings from a Therapeutic Viewpoint

The glycosides of two flavonoids, naringin and naringenin, are found in various citrus fruits, bergamots, tomatoes, and other fruits. These phytochemicals are associated with multiple biological functions, including neuroprotective, antioxidant, anticancer, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiadipogenic, and cardioprotective effects. The higher glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio in 3-NP-induced rats is attributed to the ability of naringin to reduce hydroxyl radical, hydroperoxide, and nitrite. However, although progress has been made in treating these diseases, there are still global concerns about how to obtain a solution. Thus, natural compounds can provide a promising strategy for treating many neurological conditions. Possible therapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders include naringin and naringenin polyphenols. New experimental evidence shows that these polyphenols exert a wide range of pharmacological activity; particular attention was paid to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, as well as other neurological conditions such as anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, and chronic hyperglycemic peripheral neuropathy. Several preliminary investigations have shown promising evidence of neuroprotection. The main objective of this review was to reflect on developments in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of naringin and naringenin as potential neuroprotective medications. Furthermore, the configuration relationships between naringin and naringenin are discussed, as well as their plant sources and extraction methods.
Bootstrap Prediction Intervals for Autoregression

Abstract The nonparametric bootstrap is applied to the problem of prediction in autoregression. Let {Y t : t = 0, ±1, ±2, …} be a stationary autoregressive process of known order p [AR(p)]. Given a realization of the series up to time t, (y 1, y 2, …., y t ), a 100β% prediction interval for Y t+k is desired. Standard forecasting techniques, which assume that the error sequence of the process {Y t } is Gaussian, rely on the fact that the conditional distribution of Y t+k , given the data, is Gaussian as well. As a nonparametric alternative, the bootstrap provides an estimate of the conditional distribution of Y t+k . The method is similar to other applications of the bootstrap for linear models, because the residuals are resampled. The proposed methodology represents a different approach, since an alternative representation for AR(p) series is used, allowing for bootstrap replicates generated backward in time. It follows that the resulting replicates all have the same conditionally fixed values at the end .
The Synchrony and Diachrony of a Scalar Coordinator: Latin nēdum ‘Let Alone’

This paper investigates the amphichronic semantics and pragmatics of the scalar coordinator nēdum, ‘let alone. ’ Synchronically, nēdum must be preceded by an assertion that is stronger than all other alternative propositions in the focus domain. The distributional properties of the coordinator result directly from this semantics. Diachronically, the meaning ‘let alone’ developed from metalinguistic nē ‘not’ and the aspectual adverb dum ‘yet. ’ Nēdum further developed from ‘let alone’ to ‘not just’ following affirmative left coordinands.
A simple proof of Wiener’s 1/ theorem

We give a simple proof of Wiener's theorem on the reciprocals of absolutely convergent Fourier series. One of Wiener's famous theorems states that if /(x) has an absolutely convergent Fourier series and never vanishes, then 1//(x) has an absolutely convergent Fourier series. The original proof of this utilized the so-called localization principle which depended in turn on the special nature of the "triangle" and "'trapezoid" functions. A beautiful modern proof emerges from the work of Gelfond which involves function algebras and his fundamental notion of maximal ideal spaces. Thus neither of these proofs is particularly simple. We propose, here, to give a rather simple elementary proof. Though many readers will have no difficulty in recognizing such items as the 'tspectral norm", the "openness of invertible elements", and other overlaps with older proofs, we do point out that this proof is self-contained and quite direct. We write, as usual, 00 00 ||zan eix| E la nl, and we recall the triangle inequalities II/ + gll II 1111 + llgill I1/ gl l II I 111 lgill We also will need the inequalities Max1/| < 11/1 < Max|/| + 2 Max1/'1, the first of which is trivial, while the second follows at once from Schwarz' inequality and Parseval's theorem. We have, namely, writing /(x) = ane that I ao0 I < Max I / (x) I while Received by the editors February 25, 1974. AMS (MOS) subject classifications (1970). Primary 42A16, 42A28; Secondary 43A20.
Ocular Changes in Children Born through Assisted Reproductive Technologies: A Review

Assisted reproductive technology is used worldwide to achieve pregnancy for millions of childless couples and help them to give birth to a healthy baby of their own. Many ocular changes and undesirable effects of the techniques used in this procedure were seen in mothers and infants. There is much evidence on the ocular anomalies reported in children born through ART. Studies stated reduced visual acuity, anisometropia, and other ocular manifestations which occur early during the embryogenesis process or it may be related to the risk factors which influenced the development of child during these pregnancies. This review highlights the ocular changes seen in children born through Assisted Reproductive Technologies.
Polarization, hosing and long time evolution of relativistic laser pulses

The effect of the pulse polarization and of the accelerated fast electrons on the propagation anomalies (“hosing” and “snaking”) of a high-intensity laser pulse in an underdense plasma is investigated with two dimensional particle in cell simulations. The pulse deflection and the type of plasma modes (solitons, vortices) into which the laser pulse energy is eventually deposited, are shown to depend on the pulse polarization.