Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stroke recurrence is associated with unfavorable intracranial venous outflow in patients with symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic large vessel severe stenosis or occlusion

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictive value of intracranial venous outflow for recurrent cerebral ischemic events (RCIE) in patients with symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic large-vessel severe stenosis or occlusion (sICAS-S/O). Methods This retrospective study included sICAS-S/O patients with anterior circulation who underwent dynamic computed tomography angiography (dCTA) and computed tomography perfusion (CTP). Arterial collaterals were evaluated using the pial arterial filling score for dCTA data, tissue-level collaterals (TLC) were assessed using the high-perfusion intensity ratio (HIR, Tmax >10 s/Tmax >6 s), and cortical veins were evaluated using the multi-phase venous score (MVS) for the vein of Labbé (VOL), sphenoparietal sinus (SPS), and superficial cerebral middle vein (SCMV). The relationships between multi-phase venous outflow (mVO), TLC, and 1-year RCIE were analyzed. Results Ninety-nine patients were included, 37 of whom had unfavorable mVO (mVO−) and 62 of whom had favorable mVO (mVO+). Compared with the mVO+ patients, mVO- patients had a higher admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score (median, 4 [interquartile range (IQR), 0–9] vs. 1 [IQR, 0–4]; p = 0.048), larger ischemic volume (median, 74.3 [IQR, 10.1–177.9] vs. 20.9 [IQR, 5–86.4] mL; p = 0.042), and worse tissue perfusion (median, 0.04 [IQR, 0–0.17] vs. 0 [IQR, 0–0.03]; p = 0.007). Multivariate regression analysis showed that mVO− was an independent predictor of 1-year RCIE. Conclusion For patients with sICAS-S/O of the anterior circulation, unfavorable intracranial venous outflow is a potential imaging indicator for predicting higher 1-year RCIE risk.
Available power estimation of wind farms based on deep spatio-temporal neural networks

With the development of advanced digital infrastructure in new wind power plants in China, the individual wind-turbine level data are available to power operators and can potentially provide more accurate available wind power estimations. In this paper, considering the state of the wind turbine and the loss in the station, a four-layer spatio-temporal neural network is proposed to compute the available power of wind farms. Specifically, the long short-term memory (LSTM) network is built for each wind turbine to extract the time-series correlations in historical data. In addition, the graph convolution network (GCN) is employed to extract the spatial relationship between neighboring wind turbines based on the topology and patterns of historical data. The case studies are performed using actual data from a wind farm in northern China. The study results indicate that the computation error using the proposed model is lower than that using the conventional physics-based methods and is also lower than that using other artificial intelligence methods.
Systematic review of machine learning utilization within outpatient psychodynamic psychotherapy research

Introduction Although outpatient psychodynamic psychotherapy is effective, there has been no improvement in treatment success in recent years. One way to improve psychodynamic treatment could be the use of machine learning to design treatments tailored to the individual patient's needs. In the context of psychotherapy, machine learning refers mainly to various statistical methods, which aim to predict outcomes (e.g., drop-out) of future patients as accurately as possible. We therefore searched various literature for all studies using machine learning in outpatient psychodynamic psychotherapy research to identify current trends and objectives. Methods For this systematic review, we applied the Preferred Reporting Items for systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Guidelines. Results In total, we found four studies that used machine learning in outpatient psychodynamic psychotherapy research. Three of these studies were published between 2019 and 2021. Discussion We conclude that machine learning has only recently made its way into outpatient psychodynamic psychotherapy research and researchers might not yet be aware of its possible uses. Therefore, we have listed a variety of perspectives on how machine learning could be used to increase treatment success of psychodynamic psychotherapies. In doing so, we hope to give new impetus to outpatient psychodynamic psychotherapy research on how to use machine learning to address previously unsolved problems.
C-1 Substituted isoquinolines potentiate the antimycobacterial activity of rifampicin and ethambutol

Introduction The emergence of extensively drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis threatens decades of progress in the treatment of a disease which remains one of the leading infectious causes of death worldwide. The development of novel antimycobacterial compounds is therefore essential to reinforce the existing antitubercular drug discovery pipeline. There is also interest in new compounds which can synergize with existing antitubercular drugs and can be deployed as part of a combination therapy. This strategy could serve to delay the emergence of resistance to first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs and increase their efficacy against resistant strains of tuberculosis. Previous research has established that several C-1 substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines have antimycobacterial activity. Here we sought to expand our understanding of their antimycobacterial structure activity relationships and their potential to act as adjunct therapies alongside existing antitubercular drugs. Methods Three chemical series were synthesised and assayed for their antimycobacterial potency, mammalian cell toxicity, inhibition of whole-cell efflux and synergism with isoniazid, rifampicin, and ethambutol. Results Several compounds were found to inhibit the growth of mycobacteria. Potent inhibitors of whole-cell efflux were also identified, as well as compounds which exhibited synergism with rifampicin and ethambutol. Conclusions Structure-activity relationships were identified for antimycobacterial potency, improved selectivity, whole cell efflux inhibition and synergism. Potent whole-cell efflux inhibitors and synergistic compounds were identified, suggesting potential development as adjuncts to existing anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy.
Editorial: Advances in the cross-cultural assessment and diagnosis of developmental conditions

COPYRIGHT © 2023 Karaminis, Volpato and Stavrakaki. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Editorial: Advances in the cross-cultural assessment and diagnosis of developmental conditions
Editorial: Editors’ showcase: cardiothoracic anesthesiology

COPYRIGHT © 2023 Lomivorotov and Landoni. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
Commentary: Determinants of quality of life and treatment satisfaction in dual-diagnosis patients

COPYRIGHT © 2023 Wierdsma. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Commentary: Determinants of quality of life and treatment satisfaction in dual-diagnosis patients
The significance of Anomalocaris and other Radiodonta for understanding paleoecology and evolution during the Cambrian explosion

One of the most widespread and diverse animal groups of the Cambrian Explosion is a clade of stem lineage arthropods known as Radiodonta, which lived exclusively in the early Paleozoic. First reported in 1892 with Anomalocaris canadensis, radiodonts are now one of the best known early animal groups with excellent representation in the fossil record, and are ubiquitous components of Konservat-Lagerstätten from the Cambrian and the Early Ordovician. These large swimmers were characterised by a segmented body bearing laterally-oriented flaps, and a head with a distinct radial oral cone, a pair of large frontal appendages adapted for different feeding modes, compound eyes on stalks, and prominent head carapaces. Radiodonts inform on the paleoecology of early animal communities and the steps involved in euarthropod evolution. Four families within Radiodonta have been established. The raptorial predator families Anomalocarididae and Amplectobeluidae were dominant early in the evolutionary history of Radiodonta, but were later overtaken by the mega-diverse and widespread Hurdiidae, which has a more generalised sediment-sifting predatory mode. Suspension feeding, notably in the families Tamisiocarididae and Hurdiidae, also evolved at least twice in the history of the clade. The well-preserved anatomical features of the radiodont body and head have also provided insights into the evolution of characteristic features of Euarthropoda, such as the biramous limbs, compound eyes, and organisation of the head. With 37 species recovered from all major paleocontinents of the Cambrian and Early Ordovician, Radiodonta provides a unique opportunity for revealing evolutionary patterns during the Cambrian Explosion.
Cellular dynamics of distinct skeletal cells and the development of osteosarcoma

Bone contributes to the maintenance of vital biological activities. At the cellular level, multiple types of skeletal cells, including skeletal stem and progenitor cells (SSPCs), osteoblasts, chondrocytes, marrow stromal cells, and adipocytes, orchestrate skeletal events such as development, aging, regeneration, and tumorigenesis. Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary malignant tumor and the main form of bone cancer. Although it has been proposed that the cellular origins of OS are in osteogenesis-related skeletal lineage cells with cancer suppressor gene mutations, its origins have not yet been fully elucidated because of a poor understanding of whole skeletal cell diversity and dynamics. Over the past decade, the advent and development of single-cell RNA sequencing analyses and mouse lineage-tracing approaches have revealed the diversity of skeletal stem and its lineage cells. Skeletal stem cells (SSCs) in the bone marrow endoskeletal region have now been found to efficiently generate OS and to be robust cells of origin under p53 deletion conditions. The identification of SSCs may lead to a more limited redefinition of bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BM-MSCs), and this population has been thought to contain cells from which OS originates. In this mini-review, we discuss the cellular diversity and dynamics of multiple skeletal cell types and the origin of OS in the native in vivo environment in mice. We also discuss future challenges in the study of skeletal cells and OS.
Recessive aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase disorders: lessons learned from in vivo disease models

Protein synthesis is a fundamental process that underpins almost every aspect of cellular functioning. Intriguingly, despite their common function, recessive mutations in aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs), the family of enzymes that pair tRNA molecules with amino acids prior to translation on the ribosome, cause a diverse range of multi-system disorders that affect specific groups of tissues. Neurological development is impaired in most ARS-associated disorders. In addition to central nervous system defects, diseases caused by recessive mutations in cytosolic ARSs commonly affect the liver and lungs. Patients with biallelic mutations in mitochondrial ARSs often present with encephalopathies, with variable involvement of peripheral systems. Many of these disorders cause severe disability, and as understanding of their pathogenesis is currently limited, there are no effective treatments available. To address this, accurate in vivo models for most of the recessive ARS diseases are urgently needed. Here, we discuss approaches that have been taken to model recessive ARS diseases in vivo, highlighting some of the challenges that have arisen in this process, as well as key results obtained from these models. Further development and refinement of animal models is essential to facilitate a better understanding of the pathophysiology underlying recessive ARS diseases, and ultimately to enable development and testing of effective therapies.
Single-nucleus ribonucleic acid-sequencing and spatial transcriptomics reveal the cardioprotection of Shexiang Baoxin Pill (SBP) in mice with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury

Aim: The Shexiang Baoxin Pill (SBP) has been extensively used to treat cardiovascular diseases in China for four decades, and its clinical efficacy has been widely approved. However, the mechanism by which this is achieved remains largely unexplored. Research attempting to understand the underlying mechanism is ongoing, but the findings are controversial. Here, we aimed to explore the possible mechanism of SBP in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury using heart single-nucleus and spatial ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing. Methods: We established a murine myocardial I/R injury model in C57BL/6 mice by ligating and recanalizing the left coronary artery anterior descending branch. Subsequently, single-nucleus RNA-seq and spatial transcriptomics were performed on mice cardiac tissue. We initially assessed the status of cell types and subsets in the model administered with or without SBP. Results: We used single-nucleus RNA sequencing to comprehensively analyze cell types in the cardiac tissue of sham, I/R, and SBP mice. Nine samples from nine individuals were analyzed, and 75,546 cells were obtained. We classified the cells into 28 clusters based on their expression characteristics and annotated them into seven cell types: cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, myeloid cells, smooth muscle cells, B cells, and T cells. The SBP group had distinct cellular compositions and features than the I/R group. Furthermore, SBP-induced cardioprotection against I/R was associated with enhanced cardiac contractility, reduced endocardial cell injury, increased endocardial-mediated angiogenesis, and inhibited fibroblast proliferation. In addition, macrophages had active properties. Conclusion: SBP improves the early LVEF of I/R mice and has a cardioprotective effect. Through sequencing analysis, we observed that SBP can increase the gene expression of Nppb and Npr3 in the infarct area of the heart. Npr3 is related to vascular generation mediated by endocardial cells and requires further research. In addition, SBP increases the number of fibroblasts, inhibits the expression of genes related to fibroblast activation and proliferation, and increases the transformation of endothelial cells into fibroblasts. These findings will help to indicate directions for further research. Graphical Abstract Single-cell landscape of SBP treatments in a mouse model of myocardial I/R injury. A total of 75,546 cells from nine mouse cardiac tissues in 3 different groups are projected by UMAP plot. The four colored tracks (from inside to outside) indicate cluster, origin ID, group and cell type. The axis outside the circular plot depicts the scale of the total cell number for each class. The text in each of the four corners show an overview of the role of SBP on cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages respectively. Legends denote the origin ID, group, cell type and cluster.
Morphology and phase state of PM2.5 in urban and coastal-rural areas during summer

The morphology and phase state are critical physical properties of aerosol particles. However, studies related to the analysis of these properties primarily focus on laboratory experiments, and studies on real aerosol particles are limited. Herein, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) filter samples were obtained to investigate and compare the morphology and phase state of ambient aerosol particles in South Korea. The PM2.5 samples were collected in the summer of June 2021 from two different environments: Seoul (urban) and Seosan (coastal-rural). Optical microscopy was combined with the poke-and-flow technique to determine the morphology and phase state of the PM2.5 as a function of relative humidity (RH) at 293 ± 1 K. At both sites, the PM2.5 droplets, which were extracted in purified water, showed a multiphase nature that was dependent on the RH and chemical composition. Based on the results and ambient average RH in Seoul, most of the PM2.5 was observed in a liquid state on polluted days under an inorganic-dominant condition, but in a semisolid state on clean days under an organic carbon-rich condition. In Seosan, the PM2.5 predominantly existed in a liquid state, due to the high RH caused by proximity to the Yellow Sea. Our study provides fundamental physical properties of PM2.5 for both urban and coastal-rural environments. The results have strong applications for atmospheric chemistry and predicting particle size distributions.
Maternal monosaccharide diets evoke cognitive, locomotor, and emotional disturbances in adolescent and young adult offspring rats

Anxiety and depression are the most common mental disorders affecting people worldwide. Recent studies have highlighted that a maternal high-sugar diet (HSD) could be a risk factor for neurobehavioural dysregulations, including mood disorders. Increased consumption of added sugar in food such as refined fructose/glucose can increase the risk of metabolic disorders and impact susceptibility to mental disorders. Furthermore, a few papers have reported disabilities in learning and memory among offspring after maternal HSD, thus suggesting a relationship between maternal nutrition and offspring neurogenesis. In this study, we evaluated the impact of maternal monosaccharide consumption based on a glucose (GLU) or fructose (FRU) diet during pregnancy and lactation in adolescent and young adult offspring rats of both sexes on cognitive, locomotor, and emotional disturbances. Locomotor activity, short-term memory, anxiety-like and depressive-like behavior were evaluated in the offspring. We report for the first time that the maternal GLU or FRU diet is sufficient to evoke anxiety-like behavior among adolescent and young adult offspring. Moreover, we found that maternal monosaccharide diets lead to hyperactivity and depressive-like behavior in male adolescent rats. We also noticed that a maternal FRU diet significantly enhanced novelty-seeking behavior only in young adult male rats. Our novel findings indicated that the maternal monosaccharide diet, especially a diet enriched in FRU, resulted in strong behavioral alterations in offspring rats at early life stages. This study also revealed that male rats were more susceptible to hyperactivity and anxiety- and depressive-like phenotypes than female rats. These results suggest that maternal monosaccharide consumption during pregnancy and lactation is an important factor affecting the emotional status of offspring.
Effects of congruity on the state of user presence in virtual environments: Results from a breaching experiment

The present study investigates how the user state of presence is affected by contingencies in the design of virtual environments. The theoretical framework of congruity is herein explicated, which builds upon the concept of plausibility illusion as one of the essential prerequisites for presence, and which systematically explains and predicts presence in terms of alignment between schemata in the user’s memory and stimuli presented within the virtual environment. Three dimensions of congruity are explicated and discussed: sensory, environmental, and thematic. A series of breaching experiments were conducted in a virtual environment testing the effects of each dimension of incongruity on presence. These experiments were inconclusive regarding the effects of sensory and environmental congruity; however, the results strongly suggest that the state of presence is contingent upon thematic congruity in virtual environments. This finding has theoretical significance insofar as it points towards the necessity of considering genre and cultural context in predicting user states in virtual environments. The study also has practical relevance to designers and developers of content for virtual reality in that it identifies a critical psychological consideration for the user experience that is absent from existing models.
Time-varying risk aversion and dynamic dependence between crude oil futures and European Union allowance futures markets

In this paper, we propose the copula-mixed frequency data sampling model incorporating time-varying risk aversion (RA) (copula-MIDAS-RA model) to investigate the impact of time-varying RA on the dynamic dependence between crude oil futures and European Union allowance (EUA) futures markets. An empirical analysis based on the daily data on the Brent crude oil futures and EUA futures returns and the monthly data on the RA index shows that the Student-t copula-MIDAS-RA model has better goodness-of-fit than other copulas, suggesting that the tail dependence between crude oil futures and EUA futures markets is symmetric and time-varying. More importantly, we observe that the RA has a significantly positive impact on the dynamic dependence between crude oil futures and EUA futures markets. That is, the dynamic dependence between crude oil futures and EUA futures markets is expected to increase with the level of RA increases. Moreover, we observe that the Student-t copula-MIDAS-RA model improves the accuracy in risk management relative to other copula models. Our findings have implication for hedging strategies and asset pricing.
Uncovering new insights into the role of the ubiquitin ligase Smurf1 on the regulation of innate immune signaling and resistance to infection

Innate immunity is the body’s first line of defense against infections. Innate immune cells express pattern recognition receptors in distinct cellular compartments that are responsible to detect either pathogens-associated molecules or cellular components derived from damaged cells, to trigger intracellular signaling pathways that lead to the activation of inflammatory responses. Inflammation is essential to coordinate immune cell recruitment, pathogen elimination and to keep normal tissue homeostasis. However, uncontrolled, misplaced or aberrant inflammatory responses could lead to tissue damage and drive chronic inflammatory diseases and autoimmunity. In this context, molecular mechanisms that tightly regulate the expression of molecules required for the signaling of innate immune receptors are crucial to prevent pathological immune responses. In this review, we discuss the ubiquitination process and its importance in the regulation of innate immune signaling and inflammation. Then, we summarize the roles of Smurf1, a protein that works on ubiquitination, on the regulation of innate immune signaling and antimicrobial mechanisms, emphasizing its substrates and highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for infectious and inflammatory conditions.