Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Air Pollution and Economic Opportunity in the United States ∗

Neighborhoods are an important determinant of economic opportunity in the United States. Less clear is how neighborhoods aﬀect economic opportunity. Here we provide early evidence on the importance of environmental quality in shaping economic opportunity. Combining 36 years of satellite derived PM 2 . 5 concentrations measured over roughly 8.6 million grid cells with individual-level administrative data provided by the U.S. Census Bureau and Internal Revenue Service (IRS), we ﬁrst document a new fact: early-life exposure to particulate matter is one of the top ﬁve predictors of upward mobility in the United States. Next, using regulation-induced reductions in prenatal pollution exposure following the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments, we estimate signiﬁcant increases in adult earnings and upward mobility. Combined with new individual-level measures of pollution disparities at birth our estimates can account for up to 20 percent of Black-White earnings gaps, and 25 percent of the Black-White gap in upward mobility estimated in Chetty et al. (2018b). Combining our estimates with experiment-induced reductions in pollution exposure from the Moving to Opportunity (MTO) experiment, we can account for 16 percent of the total neighborhood earnings eﬀect estimated in Chetty et al. (2016). Collectively, these ﬁndings suggest that environmental injustice may play a meaningful role in explaining observed patterns of racial economic disparities, income inequality and economic opportunity in the United States. Chetty et al. (2016) estimate that the MTO delivered signiﬁcant increases in later-life earnings for children who moved prior to the age of 13. We present new results showing that treated families experienced persistently lower levels of PM 2 . 5 compared to families that did not receive the program. Combining the causal eﬀect of MTO on particulate matter exposure with our estimate of early childhood exposure on later life earnings, we quantify how much of the overall MTO–earnings eﬀect can be accounted for by early-life pollution exposure. Our calculations suggest that the MTO-induced improvements in early life PM 2 . 5 exposure can account for 16 percent of the earnings eﬀects for children who moved before the age of 13, estimated in Chetty et al. (2016).
3D Numerical Simulation of Aluminum Foams Behavior in Large Deformation

The compression characteristics of open-cell aluminum foams were experimentally and numerically investigated. It is found that the mechanical parameters, such as collapse stress and absorbed energy, are dependent on the porosity of aluminum foams material. During simulation of metal foam compression, the finite elements distort severely at the local regions with high gradient of physical field. The procedure integrates Explicit solver of Abaqus FEA, 3D Optiformmesher and Python script program transfer to execute step by step the incremental deformation of deformable body.
Water Treatment and Child Mortality: Evidence from Kenya

Each year, around 500,000 children under 5 die from diarrhea, making it the third-leading cause of death in this age group. More than 80 percent of these deaths are attributable to unsafe drinking water. Drinking water can be made safe through dilute chlorine solution, but take-up of this technology has been low. Previous work has shown that free community-wide provision of dilute chlorine solution through “dispensers” – reservoirs of chlorine solution at water sources that make chlorination easy and free – increases take-up of chlorination. However, it has remained unclear whether this increase also translates into reduced mortality. Here we show that four years of community-wide provision of dilute chlorine solution in rural Kenya reduces all-cause under-5 mortality by 1.4 percentage points (95% CI: 0.3 pp, 2.5 pp), a 63% reduction relative to control. We estimate that at USD 25 per DALY averted, free provision of chlorine solution is twenty times more cost-effective than the WHO “highly cost-effective” threshold.
THE MEDIATING ROLE OF PERCEIVED SOCIAL SUPPORT IN THE LINK BETWEEN STRESS AND QUALITYOF LIFE AMONG MOTHERS OF CHILDREN WITH ATTENTION DEFICITS HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER

Background: Perceived social support is the only external important factor which improves quality of life and overcomes worries during problematic and stressful situations. Objectives: The purpose of the present research is to determine the mediating role of social support in stress and quality of life among the mothers of ADHD children for the determination of better understanding their life quality and psychological problems. Methods: Cross-sectional and co-relational research designs were used in the current study to test the study hypothesis. The examination is conducted via a convenient sampling technique to select a sample of (N=100) parents of ADHD children, including 50% male and 50% female, with an age range of 20-40 years. The sample was selected based on G power software. For data collection, various public and private-sector hospitals and special education schools in Peshawar and Mardan, cities in Pakistan's Khyber PakhtoonKhawa province, were chosen. Results: The results of the analysis show that the mediating role of entertained social support is significant between stress and quality of life among ADHD child mothers (C’= β-.952, SE .3370, p< 0.01). The analysis also revealed maternal stress significant different basis of gender of their ADHD child (Stress Male, M=25.780, SD= 4.6; Stress Female, M=25.950, SD=3.58; *p<.05). Conclusion: The current paper reveals that perceived social support plays a key role in overcoming stress and improving the quality of life of ADHD children's mothers. The study also concluded that a substantial difference in stress among mothers of males and females was found.
Performance Analysis of PI and DMRAC Algorithm in Buck–Boost Converter for Voltage Tracking in Electric Vehicle Using Simulation

This study introduces a Direct Model Reference Adaptive Control (DMRAC) algorithm in a buck–boost converter in the power distribution of an electric vehicle. In this study, DMRAC was used in order to overcome the system nonlinearity due to load demand variation, in case of different driving modes (such as acceleration, stable and regenerative braking system mode), and the presence of disturbances in the system. DMRAC receives popularity because of its robustness in the presence of nonlinearity and ensuring system stability. To evaluate the efficacy of DMRAC in the current system, its performance was compared with a PI controller in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. The simulation results show the superiority of DMRAC over a conventional PI control approach, in both variable load demand and disturbed system cases that were measured by tracking error. The improvement was seen in the DMRAC response, with smaller tracking error and faster transient and disturbance rejection. The main contribution of this work is in introducing DMRAC, particularly in a buck–boost converter, and its efficacy with a DC–DC converter for an electric vehicle, which has not been studied before.
VISFATIN HORMONE CONCENTRATION IN DIABETIC OBESE WOMEN

Background: Visfatin is an adipokine secreted mainly by visceral adipose tissue and has been linked to obesity. Visfatin has insulin mimetic properties. Visfatin also play an important role in the development of several chronic diseases and inflammation. Aim of the study: To evaluate serum visfatin concentrations in women of different body weights to determine the relationships with obesity and diabetes mellites in women. Methodology: In this study, 58 women of different body weights. Anthropometric measurements were recorded for all participants. Blood samples were collected to assay the biochemical parameters, including the levels of visfatin, insulin, glucose and lipid profile. Results: The results were showed that diabetic women exhibited significantly higher visfatin and leptin levels than lean women. Furthermore, diabetic obese women showed significant increase of total cholesterol (T.C), triglyceride (T.G) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) than lean women. However, diabetic women had significantly lower high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) than lean women. Whereas, no significant differences of adiponectin and insulin found between groups. Conclusions: The results of this study revealed that visfatin levels were increased in diabetic obese women. This suggests that visfatin levels strongly associated with obesity and diabetes.
HRMS-A STRATEGIC HRM PARTNER AND AN OPTIMISTIC PROFIT CENTER FOR AN ORGANIZATION

In the current knowledge-base economy, technology is plays an effective role in crafting every business functions. Among different business functions, the Strategic HRM unit is identified to be as a most promising competitive differentiator enabling to attract top-talents, reduce employee turnover, improve skill inventory, enhance competence, improving upon job satisfaction ratio that leads to cost reduction and profit maximization. The top management has also started realizing the importance of HR Unit not to be as a Profit Center. The Strategic HRM practices are adopted and implemented to overcome organizational challenges like managing organization benefit costs, attracting and retaining core talent, reducing turnover, linking compensation to performance and other at global level. The HR personnel have transformed their roles from administrative to Strategic HRM. With this the new emerging key roles for HRM are Employee Advocate, Change Agent and HR Business Partner. Also technology adds value in improving the HRM practices. This paper introduces about the role of HRMS as a key business partner of strategic HRM to achieve financial goals of an organization. The features and functions of HRMS are well advanced with solutions available in Web & Mobility. Even Cloud Infra is recommended for organizations looking forward towards HRMS as their potential business partner. The paper discusses an insightful and conceptual knowledge about HRMS applications for efficient decision-support-system and a key HRtechnology-partner to gain financial performance of an organization. Through this paper, the author advices to the organization to refer, utilize/ upgrade the applications of HRMS to achieve better outcomes of strategic HRM practices like skill inventories, absenteeism management, turn-over rate, retention rate, employee satisfaction rate, job analysis, succession planning and employee engagement. It is a clear objective to make aware about the need of advance features of HRMS to improve strategic HRM practices. The scope consists of the fundamental and conceptual understanding about HRMS application to support Strategic HRM practices. The secondary data and literature review are referred to put forward suitable findings that are achieved. This paper provides indepth learning of HRMS for HR personnel who may further utilize the system to help organization increase its financial performance, productivity, employee development & satisfaction. It provides a guideline to the organizations that need HRMS for business growth by leading with Strategic HRM. The author adds value to the traditional system like HRIS and HCM, by appealing the organization to upgrade the existing HR system into HRMS for an HR to make feasible optimal decisions at routine. The pragmatic implications based on the primary data are still open for a researcher. In conclusion, it can be said that HRMS is an essential success factor for an organization.
Intensive genetic selection and meat quality concerns in the modern broiler industry

The genetic selection toward bigger broilers provoked the development of muscular myopathies and abnormalities. Since the affected meat is downgraded and often inadequate for further processing, economic losses to the broiler industry are inevitable. In addition, not only the nutritional value of the meat has been decreased, but also sensory properties and technological traits seem to concern consumers more. This can have a very negative attitude toward poultry meat as consumers connect these traits with poor animal welfare. To avoid these problems in the future, new studies must be focused on identifying markers in live birds for newly developed myopathies. Also, better strategies for determining genetic factors, nutritional and slaughter conditions, and hence meat quality, are a complex concept, and all factors together have an impact on parameters of meat quality.
Amino acids in animal feed: significance and determination techniques

Amino acids are fundamental for animal nutrition. Their presence is necessary to maintain the normal structure and function of the intestine, and they are key in regulating metabolic pathways for improving health, survival, growth, development, lactation, and reproduction. The animal feed industry invests great resources and efforts to obtain optimal formulations in which the composition of amino acids plays a key role. In support of these aspirations in recent decades, much attention has been paid to the development and improvement of analytical techniques for the reliable, rapid and accurate determination of amino acid content in animal feed. This paper outlines different methodologies for the analysis of amino acid content in animal feed. Various methods, based on different analytical techniques, are presented for determination of amino acids in feed for nutritional and regulatory purposes.
Prevalence, serovar, and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolated from meat and minced meat used for production smoked sausage

The objective of this study was to research the prevalence, serovars, and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Salmonella isolated from meat and minced meat used for the production of fermented sausage. A total of 116 samples were tested, and among them, 20 (17.2%) were positive. Salmonella was detected in 3 (10.3%) beef samples, 5 (19.2%) pork samples, and 6 (20.7%) poultry samples. In minced meat, the Salmonella prevalence was 18.8%. Salmonella enterica serovar Agama (5.2%) was the most commonly identified serovar, followed by S. Enteritidis (4.3%), S. Typhimurium (3.4%), S. Infantis (2.6%), and S. Lindenburg (1.7%). Most of the serovars identified in the present study are recognized as frequent causes of human salmonellosis. Thus, the presence of these serovars means foods with these meats are a likely source of human infections. We found the Salmonella isolates exhibited high rates of resistance to antimicrobials tetracycline, ampicillin, streptomycin, and ciprofloxacin. The highest level of resistance was to tetracycline (75%), followed by resistance to ampicillin (50%), streptomycin (30%), ciprofloxacin (20%), gentamicin (20%), and neomycin (10%). The high-level resistance observed for some of the serovars calls for concern. Salmonella with multidrug resistance in meat used to produce fermented sausages is considered a high additional risk for human health.
Health lipid indices of dry fermented sausages made of pork meat

This research presents the results of a comparison assessment of the cholesterol content, fatty acid profile, and atherogenic (IA) and thrombogenic (IT) health lipid parameters of four dry fermented sausages produced from Mangalitsa and Swedish Landrace pork meat. The highest cholesterol level was found in Sremska sausage prepared from Landrace meat (64.92 mg/100g). Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels were considerably greater in Landrace meat sausages than in other kinds. The main cause of these variations was a higher overall n-6 PUFA concentration. The sausages made from Mangalitsa meat had the highest levels of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and unsaturated fatty acid (USFA). The highest saturated fatty acid (SFA) level was found in sausages prepared from Landrace meat. Fermented sausages made from Mangalitsa pork meat show better health lipid indices, atherogenic (IA), thrombogenic (IT), and PUFA/SFA ratios.
Stress survival islets contribute to clonal and serotype-specific differences in L. monocytogenes

Listeria monocytogenes is an important opportunistic foodborne pathogen causing listeriosis, an often fatal infection leading to meningitis, sepsis, or infection of the fetus and abortion in susceptible individuals. Diverse ready-to-eat food (RTE) like dairy, meat, fish, vegetables, and complex foods are often linked with listeriosis outbreaks. L. monocytogenes is capable of surviving in stressful environmental conditions and grow in refrigerated foods. Regarding stress-related genes, SSI-1 contributes to the survival of cells under suboptimal conditions, such as high salt content and acidic environment. At the same time, SSI-2 is responsible for persistence under alkaline and oxidative stresses.
Energetic Particles Associated with a Coronal Mass Ejection Shock Interacting with a Convected Magnetic Structure

On 2020 November 30, Parker Solar Probe (PSP) was crossed by a coronal mass ejection (CME)-driven shock, which we suggest was also crossing a convected, isolated magnetic structure (MS) at about the same time. By analyzing PSP/FIELDS magnetic field measurements, we find that the leading edge of the MS coincided with the crossing of the shock, while its trailing edge, identified as a crossing of a current sheet, overtook PSP about 7 minutes later. Prior to the arrival of the shock, the flux of 30 keV–3 MeV ions and electrons, as measured by PSP/Integrated Science Investigation of the Sun (ISOIS)/Energetic Particle Instrument (EPI-Lo), increased gradually, peaking at the time of the shock passage. However, during the crossing of the MS downstream of the shock, the energetic-ion flux dropped dramatically, before recovering at about the time of the crossing of the trailing edge of the MS. Afterwards, the ion fluxes remained approximately constant within the sheath region of the CME shock. We interpret this depletion of energetic ions within the MS as the result of insufficient time to accelerate particles at the shock within the MS, given that the structure moves along the shock surface owing to its advection with the solar wind. We present results from a quantitative numerical model of the interaction of an idealized MS with a shock, which supports this interpretation.
Implementing Multi-Task Learning for Bayesian Optimization Structure Search

Machine learning algorithms are highly dependent on the quality of the training data. Problems with the data, like accuracy and expenses in gathering it project directly to the cost and performance of the algorithm. Multi-task learning methods try to overcome this problem by combining information from multiple sources of data. In this study I focused on two existing methods for multi-output Gaussian processes, linear model of coregionalisation and intrinsic coregionalisation model. My aim in this study was to implement these algorithms to Bayesian Optimization Structure Search (BOSS) tool and test their potential for accelerating atomistic structure search space navigation with a simulation study. I found potential for reducing computational cost of optimization of expensive structure searches with multi-task learning.
The Model Design for the Agent-Based Art Major Examination Scoring System

Since the enrollment increase in China’s higher education from 1999, the gross admission rate in China’s colleges has yet reached 24.2% until 2010, and the number of examinees in art majors has also largely increased. The followed issue is the surged workload from exams for the professional courses in art majors. Particularly, the exams in performing art majors need multiple judges to score onsite, the final scores will be calculated by different rules, and then the total scores will be collectively calculated according to different percentages of various courses; and the workload of these tasks jump even more. Countering to the existing deficiencies in traditional manual calculations and computer simple data processing programs, and as well integrating multi-Agent application theories in computer software design, this paper proposes the multi-Agent-based art exam scoring system model and detailedly designs and analyzes the functions of various Agents in the system.
Manifold Microchannel Cooler for Direct Backside Liquid Cooling of SiC Power Devices

A unique manifold microchannel cooler has been developed based on single phase liquid forced convection flow. It is the first of its kind to directly cool the backside of a device using a manifold microchannel design which minimizes the pressure drop across the channel while allowing the maximum cooling potential and temperature uniformity. This report illustrates the fabrication sequence, packaging procedures and test set-up required to assess the cooler’s functionality. Simulations of heat dissipation and fluid flow in the assembly were conducted using the Floworks® module of Solidworks® modeling software. The cooler has been tested using a SiC diode and initial test results show very low thermal resistivities and low thermal increases of the SiC devices. Increasing power levels and higher packaging densities of today’s microelectronics create a need for improved cooling methods to improve heat transfer from power devices. This cooler is targeted at cooling small, high power SiC devices which are seeing increased use because of their fast switching speed and higher reverse bias breakdown voltage. The manifold design uses larger channels to transport fluid into and out of the cooling region and smaller crossover microchannels that are the active cooling area. This type of design minimizes pressure drop, maximizes heat transfer and allows temperature uniformity across the device area. A 25 mm × 5 mm × 1.5 mm (thick) cooler was fabricated to cool a 4 mm × 4 mm × 0.4 mm (thick) SiC diode. The cooler has been fabricated out of a single 1 mm thick silicon wafer, using deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) to create both the microchannels and the manifold channels. The manifold channels are 200 μm wide with a 250 μm pitch with an 800 μm depth. The microchannels are 20 μm wide with a 40 μm pitch with a 200 μm depth. The dimensions were chosen based on initial modeling results to maximize the ratio of the cross sectional area of the manifold to the microchannels while staying within fabrication limitations. The SiC diode is bonded directly onto the cooler using a gold tin eutectic bond. A 1.6 mm outer diameter stainless steel capillary tube is used to flow the liquid coolant into the manifold channels and is sealed with an epoxy. Experimental results show excellent thermal results with thermal resistances less than 0.1 K/(W/cm2 ), heat fluxes over 600 W/cm2 , and small increases in device temperature. All these results come from a cooler which has a volume less than 200 mm3 . The cooler design has been shown to be very durable and has a very tight fluidic seal with no leaks throughout the experimentation. It was fabricated using standard MEMS techniques and can be easily repeated. Simulations have been correlated with experimental data for a variety of pressure drops. Simulations have also shown the cooler to be capable of keeping the device under 125 C and the water temperature under 100 C (boiling) for a heat flux of 2500 W/cm2 .