Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antibody-drug conjugates for lymphoma patients: preclinical and clinical evidences

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a recent, revolutionary approach for malignancies treatment, designed to provide superior efficacy and specific targeting of tumor cells, compared to systemic cytotoxic chemotherapy. Their structure combines highly potent anti-cancer drugs (payloads or warheads) and monoclonal antibodies (Abs), specific for a tumor-associated antigen, via a chemical linker. Because the sensitive targeting capabilities of monoclonal Abs allow the direct delivery of cytotoxic payloads to tumor cells, these agents leave healthy cells unharmed, reducing toxicity. Different ADCs have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for the treatment of a wide range of malignant conditions, both as monotherapy and in combination with chemotherapy, including for lymphoma patients. Over 100 ADCs are under preclinical and clinical investigation worldwide. This paper it provides an overview of approved and promising ADCs in clinical development for the treatment of lymphoma. Each component of the ADC design, their mechanism of action, and the highlights of their clinical development progress are discussed.
Association between reading and depression in Chinese adults

Qualitative evidences have shown that having the habit of reading might be beneficial for mental health. The present study aims to examine the relationship between reading and depression. National cross-sectional survey data of adults aged >40 years in mainland China were used. The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale questionnaire was utilized to detect depression status. Multilevel binary logistic and linear regression models were employed to reveal the association, and restricted cubic spline with 4 knots was adopted to describe the non-linear association of reading quantity and depression. The prevalence of depression was 13.02% in the target population. It was found that the habit of reading was negatively associated with depression, the odds ratio was 0.809 (95% confidence interval: 0.657–0.997). Diverse association between reading and depression was observed in different age groups, and a significant association was identified among the elderly, but not in the middle-aged population. Restricted cubic spline showed several books read per year might lower the risk of depression and 20-items Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale score. A lower prevalence of depression was observed in the target population. The habit of reading was negatively associated with depression. Age-specific association was observed. It is worth paying attention to the reading habit that could be beneficial in the elderly for mental health intervention, but it needs to be confirmed by experimental study.
An Energy-and-Area-Efficient CNN Accelerator for Universal Powers-of-Two Quantization

CNN model computation on edge devices is tightly restricted to the limited resource and power budgets, which motivates the low-bit quantization technology to compress CNN models into 4-bit or lower format to reduce the model size and increase hardware efficiency. Most current low-bit quantization methods use uniform quantization that maps weight and activation values onto evenly-distributed levels, which usually results in accuracy loss due to distribution mismatch. Meanwhile, some non-uniform quantization methods propose specialized representation that can better match various distribution shapes but are usually difficult to be efficiently accelerated on hardware. In order to achieve low-bit quantization with high accuracy and hardware efficiency, this paper proposes Universal Power-of-Two (UPoT), a novel low-bit quantization method that represents values as the addition of multiple power-of-two values selected from a series of subsets. By updating the subset contents, UPoT can provide adaptive quantization levels for various distributions. For each CNN model layer, UPoT automatically searches for the optimized distribution that minimizes the quantization error. Moreover, we design an efficient accelerator system with specifically optimized power-of-two multipliers and requantization units. Evaluations show that the proposed architecture can provide high-performance CNN inference with reduced circuit area and energy, and outperforms several mainstream CNN accelerators with higher (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$8\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$65\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>) area efficiency and (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$19\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>) energy efficiency. Further experiments of 4/3/2-bit quantization on ResNet18/50, MobileNet_V2 and EfficientNet models show that our UPoT can achieve high model accuracy which greatly outperform other state-of-the-art low-bit quantization methods by 0.3%–6%. The results indicate that our approach provides a highly-efficient accelerator for low-bit CNN model quantization with low hardware overheads and good model accuracy.
An Early Experimental Determination of Snell's Law

The law of refraction known by the name of Snell's law was circulated in manuscript by him as early as 1621. This paper shows that the law of sines was experimentally discovered independently in England by Thomas Hariot and his friends, and was used by them several years before 1621.
Resonant enhancement of mode conversion in unmagnetized plasmas due to a periodic density modulation superimposed on a linear electron density profile

Mode conversion of p-polarized electromagnetic waves into longitudinal plasma oscillations at resonance points in cold, unmagnetized, and stratified plasmas, where a small periodic density modulation is superimposed on a linear electron density profile, is theoretically studied. The mode conversion coefficient and the magnetic field distribution are calculated in a numerically exact manner using the invariant imbedding theory of mode conversion. It is found that resonant enhancement of mode conversion, which is sometimes as high as 100%, can be achieved by tuning the incident angle, the modulation period, or the wave frequency. This phenomenon is explained as due to the formation of a standing wave near the resonance point.
Towards a Miniaturized Photoacoustic Detector for the Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis of SO2F2 and Refrigerants

Sulfuryl fluoride (SO2F2) is a toxic and potent greenhouse gas that is currently widely used as a fumigant insecticide in houses, food, and shipping containers. Though it poses a major hazard to humans, its detection is still carried out manually and only on a random basis. In this paper, we present a two-chamber photoacoustic approach for continuous SO2F2 sensing. Because of the high toxicity of SO2F2, the concept is to use a non-toxic substituent gas with similar absorption characteristics in the photoacoustic detector chamber, i.e., to measure SO2F2 indirectly. The refrigerants R227ea, R125, R134a, and propene were identified as possible substituents using a Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis. The resulting infrared spectra were used to simulate the sensitivity of the substituents of a photoacoustic sensor to SO2F2 in different concentration ranges and at different optical path lengths. The simulations showed that R227ea has the highest sensitivity to SO2F2 among the substituents and is therefore a promising substituent detector gas. Simulations concerning the possible cross-sensitivity of the photoacoustic detectors to H2O and CO2 were also performed. These results are the first step towards the development of a miniaturized, sensitive, and cost-effective photoacoustic sensor system for SO2F2.
Systematic growth of BaFe2 − xNixAs2 large crystals

We have successfully grown large single crystals of BaFe2 − xNixAs2 with a series of Ni doping levels from x = 0 to x = 0.30 by the self-flux method. The resistivity and AC susceptibility measurements show that the superconductivity (SC) smoothly emerges at x≈0.05, while the antiferromagnetism (AFM) survives up to x≈0.092. We provide a detailed phase diagram of the BaFe2 − xNixAs2 system and suggest that a quantum critical point (QCP) may be located at x = 0.096 ± 0.04.
Improved arterial stiffness after combined aerobic and resistance training: correlation with heart rate variability change in prehypertensive offspring of hypertensive parents

Prehypertensive offspring of hypertensive parents are strongly linked to pathological processes of hypertension in later life. It is observed that young adults with high blood pressure (BP) have increased arterial stiffness, which is linked to autonomic anomalies. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of combined resistance and aerobic exercise training on BP, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baP-WV), and heart rate variability (HRV) in prehypertensive young men with hypertensive parents. Thirty prehypertensive males aged 19.6±1.2 years were randomly assigned to either a combined exercise training group (CBT, n=15) or no exercise group (CON, n=15). The CBT group performed combined exercise for 8 weeks, 3 times per week. BP, baP-WV, HRV, peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), and muscle strength were measured before and after the exercise intervention. Systolic BP (−5.1 mmHg, 3.9% decrease, P<0.05), diastolic BP (−3.9 mmHg, 6.1% decrease, P<0.01), mean arterial pressure (−4.2 mmHg, 4.7% decrease, P<0.05), baPWV (−0.4 m/sec, 3.5% decrease, P<0.01), standard deviation of all RR intervals (+58.5% increase, P<0.05) and very low frequency (VLF) (+34.6% increase, P<0.01), VO2peak (+11.7% increase, P<0.01) and one-repetition maximum leg press (+30.3% increase, P<0.01) were significantly improved in the CBT group after 8 weeks of training versus the CON group. Additionally, a reduction in baPWV was associated with an increase in the VLF power of HRV (r=0.72, P<0.01). These findings indicate that the combined training improves BP, arterial stiffness, vagal activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and lower-body muscle strength in prehypertensive offspring of hypertensive parents.
Examining the Effects of Gender Transfer in Virtual Reality on Implicit Gender Bias.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of gender transfer in virtual reality on implicit gender bias. BACKGROUND Gender bias is a type of discrimination based on gender, which can lead to increased self-doubt and decreased self-esteem. Sexual harassment is a hostile form of gender bias that can cause anxiety, depression, and significant mental health issues. Virtual reality (VR) has been employed to help make people become aware of their biases and change their attitudes regarding gender, race, and age. METHODS Forty participants were embodied in avatars of different genders and experienced sexual harassment scenarios in VR. A gender Implicit Association Test (IAT) was administered before and after the experience. RESULTS There was a statistically significant main effect of participant gender (F (1,36) = 10.67, p = . 002, partial η2 = . 23) on ΔIAT, where males and females reported a decrease (M = -.12, SD = .24) and an increase (M = .10, SD = .25) in IAT scores, respectively. A statistically significant two-way interaction between gender transfer and participant gender was revealed (F (1,36) = 6.32, p = . 02, partial η2 = . 15). There was a significant simple effect of gender transfer for male participants (F (1,36) = 8.70, p = . 006, partial η2 = . 19). CONCLUSIONS Implicit gender bias can be modified, at least temporarily, through embodiment in VR. Gender transfer through embodiment while encountering different sexual harassment scenarios helped reduce implicit gender bias. There was a tendency for individuals to increase bias for the gender of the avatar in which they embodied. APPLICATIONS The current research provided promising evidence that a virtual environment system may be used as a potential training tool to improve implicit gender bias.
Security Bootstrapping for Securing Data Plane and Control Plane in Named Data Networking

Among several information-centric networking architectures envisioned thus far, named data networking (NDN) offers name-based forwarding, in-network caching, and content-based security. The original design of NDN security employs the PKI-based signature and encryption for content authenticity and access control. Several studies were conducted to reduce the computational complexity induced by the signatures and the number of message exchanges as well as to mitigate several denial-of-service attacks inherent in NDN. However, there exists no security bootstrapping method for securely distributing initial security parameters and cryptographic keys to each NDN entity, and the distribution was assumed to be performed out-of-band without any specifications. To address the design gap induced by the out-of-band method, this paper proposes a security architecture based on the consortium blockchain and bootstrapping procedures for NDN security. Based on this architecture, a symmetric-key-based authenticated encryption scheme is designed to replace the signature and public-key encryption, which can be applied to the data and control planes of the NDN. A (finite or infinite) one-way hash chain is employed to embed the source authentication functionality into the proposed scheme. The security of the proposed scheme is extensively analyzed under various adversarial scenarios, and its performance is evaluated and compared using mini-NDN. It is shown that the proposed scheme is a viable solution to enhance NDN security.
The Controllable Ratio of the Polyaniline-Needle-Shaped Manganese Dioxide for the High-Performance Supercapacitor Application

The nanohybrid development of metal oxide/conducting polymer as an energy storage material is an active research area, because of the device stability, conductive behavior, and easy fabrication. Herein, needle-like MnO2 was coupled with polyaniline fabricated through chemical polymerization followed by the hydrothermal process. The characterization results show that MnO2/polyaniline exhibited a needle-like morphology. Different characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction patterns and scanning electron microscopy confirmed the formation of the MnO2/polyaniline nanohybrids. The electrochemical performance, including cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD), specific capacitance (Csp), and cyclic stability, was examined using a three-electrode assembly cell. The optimized electrode displayed a Csp of 522.20 F g−1 at a current load of 1.0 A g−1 compared with the other electrodes. The developed synergism during MnO2/polyaniline fabrication provided enhanced conductive channels and stability during the charge–discharge process.
Selective Depletion of ZAP-Binding CpG Motifs in HCV Evolution

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a bloodborne pathogen that can cause chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. The loss of CpGs from virus genomes allows escape from restriction by the host zinc-finger antiviral protein (ZAP). The evolution of HCV in the human host has not been explored in the context of CpG depletion. We analysed 2616 full-length HCV genomes from 1977 to 2021. During the four decades of evolution in humans, we found that HCV genomes have become significantly depleted in (a) CpG numbers, (b) CpG O/E ratios (i.e., relative abundance of CpGs), and (c) the number of ZAP-binding motifs. Interestingly, our data suggests that the loss of CpGs in HCV genomes over time is primarily driven by the loss of ZAP-binding motifs; thus suggesting a yet unknown role for ZAP-mediated selection pressures in HCV evolution. The HCV core gene is significantly enriched for the number of CpGs and ZAP-binding motifs. In contrast to the rest of the HCV genome, the loss of CpGs from the core gene does not appear to be driven by ZAP-mediated selection. This work highlights CpG depletion in HCV genomes during their evolution in humans and the role of ZAP-mediated selection in HCV evolution.
Edge-Based Video Stream Generation for Multi-Party Mobile Augmented Reality

With the popularity of mobile devices and the continuous advancement of mobile network technology, running online augmented reality (AR) on lightweight mobile devices is much more desirable than on heavy and expensive head-mounted devices that are difficult to satisfy users. Mobile edge computing can assist in supporting AR applications running on mobile devices, which copes with compute-intensive and delay-sensitive requirements. However, subject to the limited and heterogeneous edge resources, offloading tasks to edge devices is not easy, especially if the application requires multi-party interaction. It is challenging to develop a credible task placement scheme that satisfies user experience with flexible use of edge resources. This article focus on the task offloading placement problem for AR overlay rendering in multi-party mobile augmented reality system. We first present our observations about performance bottlenecks of edge devices and explain the necessity of splitting the AR overlay rendering pipeline. We then formulate a joint optimization problem of task placement decisions, aiming to maximize the user experience of quality and minimize the service cost. We develop a novel decision approach based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to address this complex problem. Finally, we verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method through extensive evaluation experiments.
Convergence to Periodic Solutions in Periodic Quasimonotone Reaction–Diffusion Systems

Abstract The author studies the periodic time-dependent quasimonotone reaction–diffusion systems ∂u i ∂t = d i ▵u i + F i (t, x, u 1 , …, u n ), t > 0, x ∈ Ω, ∂u i ∂n + α i u i = 0, t > 0, x ∈ ∂Ω, u i (x, 0) = u 0, i (x), x ∈ [formula], i = 1, 2, …, n, in a proper Banach space satisfying (i) ∂Fi/∂uj ≥ 0 for all 1 ≤ i ≠ j ≤ n; (ii) F(t, x, u) is periodic in t of period τ > 0; and (iii) Fi(t, x, αu) ≥ αFi(t, x, u) for all α ∈ [0, 1] and i = 1, 2, …, n. It is proved that every solution of such a system converges to a periodic solution. The same result also holds if we replace (iii) by (iii)′ F(t, x, u) is analytic and every τ-periodic solution is Liapounov stable.
A low-profile two-arm backfire tapered cone helical antenna for TT&C in microsatellites

Abstract A novel low-profile two-arm backfire tapered cone helical antenna for telemetry tracking and command (TT&C) is introduced theoretically and experimentally in this paper. Compared with the conventional helical antenna, this design has a substantial decrease in its height and an increase both in its half power beamwidth (HPBW) and 3-dB axial ratio beamwidth by replacing the uniform structure with two tapered cone structures. It provides a maximum gain of 5.1 dBi, an excellent circular polarization radiation over a wide angular range of more than 124°, a 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth of 18.8%, a wide HPBW of more than 125°, and nearly equal E- and H- plane far-field patterns with high degree of axial symmetry over S-band (2–2.3 GHz). These excellent radiation characteristics with an endurable and compact structure make it an attractive candidate for TT&C application in microsatellite system, where the installation envelope and space for antenna are extremely limited.
Actuation Strategies for a Wearable Cable-Driven Exosuit Based on Synergies in Younger and Older Adults

Older adults (aged 55 years and above) have greater difficulty carrying out activities of daily living than younger adults (aged 25–55 years). Although age-related changes in human gait kinetics are well documented in qualitative terms in the scientific literature, these differences may be quantified and analyzed using the analysis of motor control strategies through kinetic synergies. The gaits of two groups of people (older and younger adults), each with ten members, were analyzed on a treadmill at a constant controlled speed and their gait kinetics were recorded. The decomposition of the kinetics into synergies was applied to the joint torques at the hip, knee, and ankle joints. Principal components determined the similarity of the kinetic torques in the three joints analyzed and the effect of the walking speed on the coordination pattern. A total of three principal components were required to describe enough information with minimal loss. The results suggest that the older group showed a change in coordination strategy compared to that of the younger group. The main changes were related to the ankle and hip torques, both showing significant differences (p-value <0.05) between the two groups. The findings suggest that the differences between the gait patterns of the two groups were closely related to a reduction in ankle torque and an increase in hip torque. This change in gait pattern may affect the rehabilitation strategy used when designing general-purpose rehabilitation devices or rehabilitation/training programs for the elderly.
Number of antenatal care visits and associated factors among reproductive age women in Sub-Saharan Africa using recent demographic and health survey data from 2008–2019: A multilevel negative binomial regression model

Background Antenatal care is one of the best strategies for maternal and neonatal mortality reduction. There is a paucity of evidence on the mean number of ANC visits and associated factors in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This study aimed to investigate the mean number of ANC visits and associated factors among reproductive-age women in Sub-Saharan Africa using the Demographic and Health Survey conducted from 2008 to 2019. Method A total of 256,425 weighted numbers of women who gave birth five years before the survey were included. We used STATA version 14 for data management and analysis. A multilevel negative binomial regression model was fitted. Finally, the Adjusted Incident Rate Ratio (AIRR) with its 95% CI confidence interval was reported. Statistical significance was declared at P-value < 0.05. Results The mean number of ANC visits among women who gave birth five years before the survey in SSA was 3.83 (95% CI = 3.82, 3.84) Individual-level factors such as being aged 36–49 years (AIRR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.18,1.21), having secondary education &above (AIRR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.42, 1.45), having rich wealth status (AIRR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.07, 1.09), media exposure (AIRR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.09,1.11), and grand multiparity (AIRR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.89, 0.91) were significantly associated with the number of ANC visits. Furthermore, rural residence (AIRR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.89, 0.91), Western SSA region (AIRR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.18, 1.20) and being from a middle-income country (AIRR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.08, 1.10) were community-level factors that had a significant association with the number of ANC visits. Conclusion The mean number of ANC visits in SSA approximates the minimum recommended number of ANC visits by the World Health Organization. Women’s educational status, women’s age, media exposure, parity, planned pregnancy, wealth status, residence, country’s income, and region of SSA had a significant association with the frequency of ANC visits. This study suggests that addressing geographical disparities and socio-economic inequalities will help to alleviate the reduced utilization of ANC services.
Escape of TeV Gamma Rays from Anisotropic Thermal Photon Fields in Active Galactic Nuclei

We calculate the optical depth of TeV γ-rays that result from the anisotropic IR-UV thermal radiation of the α-disk model proposed by Shakura & Sunyaev. Our calculations yield the dependences of the optical depth of high-energy γ-rays on the disk parameters (i.e., α, M8, and Ṁ26), photon energy, and Φ, the angle between the propagation direction and the rotation axis of the accretion disk. Our results indicate that TeV γ-rays can escape more easily from the central engine with lower values of α ( ≲ 0.01) and Φ. We conclude that the optical depth of TeV γ-rays in the anisotropic thermal radiation field places certain constraints on the possible values of the parameter α and the position of the emission region.