Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen immobilization by soil microorganisms depending on nitrogen application rates

Nitrogen immobilization in gray forest soil sampled from under a forest and from a cropland was studied in an incubation experiment with different rates of mineral 15 N fertilizer (from 50 to 2000 mg N/kg soil). The rates of N immobilization reached 143 mg N/kg of soil per day, and the portion of immobilized N was up to 72% even under the highest rates of mineral nitrogen application. The intensity of N immobilization in the soil sampled under the forest was much higher than that in the arable soil. The nitrogen immobilization was not accompanied by growth of the soil microbial biomass.
An improved dynamic-layered classification of retinal diseases

Retina is main part of the human eye and every disease shows the effect on retina. Eye diseases such as choroidal neovascularization (CNV), DRUSEN, diabetic macular edema (DME) are the main retinal diseases that damage the retina and if these damages are identified in the later stages, it is very difficult to reverse the vision for these retinal diseases. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-nosy image testing for finding the retinal diseases. OCT mainly collects the cross-section images of retina. Deep learning (DL) is used to analyze the patterns in several complex research applications especially in the disease prediction. In DL, multiple layers give the accurate detection of abnormalities in the retinal images. In this paper, an improved dynamic-layered classification (IDLC) is introduced to classify retinal diseases based on their abnormality. Image filters are used to filter the noise present in the input images. ResNet is the pre-trained model which is used to train the features of retinal diseases. Convolutional neural networks (CNN) are the DL model used to analyze the OCT image. The dataset consists of three types of OCT disease datasets from Kaggle. Evaluation results show the performance of IDLC compared with state-of-art algorithms. A better performance is obtained by using the IDLC and achieved the better accuracy.
Morphology, Physicochemical Characteristics and Land Suitability in the Western Highlands of Cameroon

The aim of the study was to evaluate the morphology and physicochemical properties of soils and their suitability to potatoes, maize and beans, in order to contribute to stop rural migration, prevent conflicts between farmers and breeders and contribute to the increase of agricultural yields in the eastern slope of the Bambouto Mountain, Cameroon. Morphologically, the studied soil profiles are poorly or more developed, characterized respectively by AC or ABC horizon sequences. All the soil samples recorded acidic pH (4.8 to 5.5) except in the Bawa and in Zavion footslope where this pH is slightly acidic (6.0 to 6.2). Nitrogen contents are low to medium (0.04 to 0.225), except in midslope and footslope of Zavion site where these contents are very high (0.406 and 0.436% respectively). Organic matter contents increase from the Medji (1.42%) site to Zavion site (9.84%). High content of organic matter in Bawa located at the same altitude as Medji is related to the basaltic bedrock which glasses weathering might induce increase of organic matter content, while high content in Zavion might be mostly related to the increase in altitude and the decrease of Original Research Article Tsozue et al.; IJPSS, 7(1): 29-44, 2015; Article no.IJPSS. 2015.128 30 temperature which slacks up microorganism activities. Phosphorous level is very low and largely under the critical limit (20 ppm) for all the study sites. Calcium is the dominant exchangeable cation, with contents ranging between 0.13 and 7.53 cmol(+)/kg of soil. The cation exchange capacity varied between 2.03 and 29.59 cmol(+)/kg of soil. Base saturation percentage fluctuates from 11.80 to 39.70%. The production of bean, maize and potatoes in the study sites is limited due to high rainfall and wetness, high slope gradient and soil fertility problems which could respectively be solved by promoting crops cultivation at the end of the raining season, terracing of arable land and fertilization and liming.
Assessing Sediment Contamination in Kuwait Bay: A Comprehensive Environmental Analysis of Effluent Discharge Impact

Kuwait Bay, increasingly susceptible to contamination due to urbanization and effluent discharge, serves as a focal point for environmental research. This study aims to provide a scientifically grounded assessment of sediment contamination within the bay, emphasizing the role of effluents as primary pollutants. Sediments, as repositories for both organic and inorganic pollutants, bear significant implications for marine ecosystems. A systematic sampling approach was employed at forty-six georeferenced sites across the bay, utilizing a grab sampler aboard a research vessel. The sediment samples were rigorously analyzed for inorganic geochemistry, encompassing trace elements, nutrients, and heavy metals. A comparative analysis was conducted between the trace element concentrations obtained in this study and established background levels, as well as the guidelines set forth by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The findings indicate a discernible level of contamination in Kuwait Bay. While the current contamination levels are classified as low, there is a pronounced risk of escalating contamination if the practice of discharging untreated effluents persists. In light of these results, the study underscores the urgent need for effluent decontamination prior to discharge into the bay. This research not only maps the spatial distribution of contaminants in Kuwait Bay but also provides a critical evaluation of potential risks to the marine environment, thereby informing future mitigation strategies. The comprehensive nature of this assessment, integrating geochemical analysis with environmental impact evaluation, marks a significant contribution to the field of marine contamination research.
Thermodynamic and Hydrological Impacts of Increasing Greenness in Northern High Latitudes

Abstract Satellite remote sensing data indicate that greenness has been increasing in the northern high latitudes, apparently in response to the warming of recent decades. To identify feedbacks of this land-cover change to the atmosphere, the authors employed the atmospheric general circulation model ARPEGE-CLIMAT, an adaptation of the Action de Recherche Petite Echelle Grande Echelle model for climate studies, to conduct a set of control and sensitivity modeling experiments. In the sensitivity experiments, they increased the greenness poleward of 60°N by 20% to mimic the manifestation of vegetation changes in the real world, and by 60% and 100% to represent potential aggressive vegetation change scenarios under global warming. In view of the direct exposure of vegetation to sunlight during the warm seasons, the authors focused their study on the results from late spring to early fall. The results revealed significant thermodynamic and hydrological impacts of the increased greenness in northern high latit.
Silicate melts: Relaxation, rheology, and the glass transition

Movement of magma within the Earth depends upon the density, compressibility, thermal expansion, viscosity, diffusivity, heat capacity, and thermal conductivity of silicate melts as a function of temperature, pressure, and composition. These physical properties are controlled by the atomic coordination and bond strengths of the melt. To contribute more to our understanding of geological processes than numerous measurements of physical properties of individual magmas of local interest, the relationship between melt structure and physical properties needs to be understood. In geological settings where the viscosity of the molten component is high (108‐1014 Pa s), the melt structure requires a long time (seconds to weeks) to equilibrate in response to changes in pressure, temperature, and composition. The effects of this structural equilibration upon the viscosity, density, and compressibility of magmas and the time required for equilibration need to be included in discussions of magma ascent and emplacement and of crystal nucleation, growth, and segregation within magmas. The structural relaxation discussed here is the slowest relaxation process occurring in a silicate melt at a specific temperature and therefore represents the glass transition, which is a kinetic transition whose temperature is not a constant specific to a melt composition but depends upon the timescale on which measurements are performed. On the basis of the agreement between nuclear magnetic resonance measurements of Si‐O bond exchange timescales and measured structural relaxation timescales, the structural equilibration observed in silicate melts appears to be due to the lifetime of the Si‐O bonds in the melt. The following is a discussion of a range of different studies to determine the density, viscosity, thermal expansion, and compressibility of silicate melts, based on a central theme of the structural relaxation phenomenon and its use to calculate the physical properties of a melt, for example, using calorimetry data to calculate viscosity, volume, and thermal expansion in silicate melts at temperatures 50 K above the glass transition. This results in the determination of melt properties at conditions of direct geological interest, for example, the densities of granitic melts at 1050 K and viscosities of 109–1012 Pa s; observations of anomalously low, non‐Newtonian viscosities and compressibilities in melts at conditions of high strain rate; the viscosities of volatile‐bearing melts; and the viscosity of the melt phase in natural crystal‐ and bubble‐bearing obsidians.
DESARROLLO DE SENSORES SOLARES EN ARGENTINA, APLICACIONES TERRESTRES Y ESPACIALES

In the year 1998 there began in the National Atomic Energy Commission (CNEA) the development of low cóst photovoltaic radiometers using a small crystalline silicon cells as sensor element. This development was performed in the Solar Energy Deparment (Photovoltaic Laboratory) at Constituyentes Atomic Center. Different sensors prototypes were designed, elaborated and calibrated in order to analyze their behavior and to evaluate its limitations. At present, commercial prototypes have been distributed in different especialized laboratories throughout Argentina for his final evaluation in field. These radiómeters are used for terrestrial and space applications in artificial satellites. In particular, the first experiment of solar Argentine cells in the space, on board of the SAC-A satellite, had included the manufacture of the positioning sensors as part of the satellite orientation system with regard to the sun. In this work are presents the development and current state of these sensors and their application in terrestrial and space projects.
Half a Loaf is better than none: A Qualitative Study of Investors in a Developing Country

The study is conducted to explore the available investment avenues when the market is highly volatile, the interest rate is high, and contractionary monetary policy is in place by the central bank. A phenomenological research design was used to conduct the study. Data were collected from ten finance professionals who were full time investors with more than five years of experience. Data was collected through structured interviews, and thematic analysis was applied for data analysis. The validity of the data was checked through member checking and reviewed by an expert in the field of investment and economic policy. The themes reported that the safest investment avenue available at present is fixed deposits, but there is a hurdle of strict tax laws. Investors are not clear about the future direction of the present Government. Small scale private investors, students, and researchers studying Government policies may be benefited from the findings of this research to formulate their investment strategies. This study helps the potential investor to better invest in the most suitable avenues available when the market is highly uncertain and the policies of the Government are rigid. The study fills the gap as there is a lack of research in Pakistan in this context.
An observational study of blocking with regard to the theory of coherent structures in a baroclinic atmosphere

Considerable theoretical work has been done attempting to model persistent atmospheric flow patterns (blocking) with localized, coherent structures superimposed on a mean westerly wind, in particular by Malguzzi (1984). In Malguzzi's theory, which assumes a baroclinic atmosphere, the existence of the coherent structure solution requires that certain constraints be satisfied by the mean zonal wind field, which is allowed to have both vertical and meridional shear. These constraints imply the existence of a quantum mechanical potential well embedded in the structure of a potential function V(y,z) which Malguzzi 1 4 1 u Uzz + Uz derives. In dimensionless form, V(y,z) = = where y is the meridional gradient of the quasi-geostrophic potential vorticity, u is the mean zonal wind, and the buoyancy frequency (N ) has been assumed constant. The present investigation consists of calculating various profiles of V from real atmospheric data and analyzing their structure, in an attempt to determine the degree of applicability of the coherent structure model to the real atmosphere. Numerous cases are considered. A composite of twelve cases of Atlantic (positive) blocking is looked at, first for a time of five days after onset, and subsequently during an entire time series from 5 days prior to onset until 5 days after the onset of blocking. Also, a composite of twelve cases of Atlantic "negative" blocking, consisting actually of a strong "high index" zonal flow, and the wintertime climatological mean flow are considered, for comparison purposes. Finally, several cases of Atlantic blocking are investigated on an individual basis. For the Atlantic positive blocking composite case at day +5 lag, the results show undeniable evidence supporting the existence of the potential well structure in the V field, although the available data does not extend far enough to the south to capture the entire well. There are some gaps observed in the positive V regions forming the rim of the potential well, however, indicating that the meridional confinement of the waves might not be as complete as assumed in the theory. The negative blocking composite results provide substantially
Ambient Light-Driven Wireless Wearable Finger Patch for Monitoring Vital Signs From PPG Signal

In recent years, wearable health monitoring using photoplethysmogram (PPG) has become a popular trend. However, one of the main challenges of PPG sensing is the power usage of the light-emitting diode (LED) in the technique. In this work, we designed a wireless wearable finger patch that can record PPG signals solely using ambient light, entirely eliminating the requirement for LED power consumption. The finger patch is implemented on a two-layer flexible polyimide substrate and is based on a high sensitivity silicon photodiode (PD) and a high dynamic range analog front end (AFE). The entire circuit is powered by a rechargeable Li-ion coin battery. It also uses a Bluetooth module to send the PPG data wirelessly. The system is validated with 12 healthy subjects for the collection of PPG signals under three ambient light conditions. Assessment of the PPG signals quality demonstrates that the PPG signals acquired under the ambient light conditions can be placed in the reliable or acceptable category. Finally, two vital signs: heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) are extracted from the no-LED mode PPG signals obtained from 12 subjects using the finger patch. The calculated maximum mean absolute error (MAE) for HR in comparison to the reference measurement is small (3.4 BPM). For BP prediction AlexNet network with training of all layers with finger patch PPG data shows better performance and produces BP with an average MAE of 8.1 mmHg and 6.05 mmHg for systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP), respectively. Without any need to turn on any LED, the finger patch can save power and will have the potential for long-term health monitoring without frequently charging batteries.
MicroRNAs as Potential Biomarkers of Environmental Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Link with Inflammation and Lung Cancer

Exposure to atmospheric air pollution containing volatile organic compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been shown to be a risk factor in the induction of lung inflammation and the initiation and progression of lung cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small single-stranded non-coding RNA molecules of ~20–22 nucleotides that regulate different physiological processes, and their altered expression is implicated in various pathophysiological conditions. Recent studies have shown that the regulation of gene expression of miRNAs can be affected in diseases associated with outdoor air pollution, meaning they could also be useful as biomarkers of exposure to environmental pollution. In this article, we review the published evidence on miRNAs in relation to exposure to PAH pollution and discuss the possible mechanisms that may link these compounds with the expression of miRNAs.
INTERPRETACIÓN DE LA ACTIVIDAD ERUPTIVA DEL VOLCÁN NEVADO DEL HUILA (COLOMBIA), 2007 - 2009: ANÁLISIS DE COMPONENTES DE MATERIALES EMITIDOS

2 . de agua respectivamente, a la Represa de Betania, cantidad muy superior a la generada por la fusion de hielo-nieve debida a la actividad y, como fase magmatica, la extrusion de domos coalescentes en el flanco SW del Pico Central en 2007 y 2008. Analisis de cenizas emitidas durante las actividades eruptivas se caracterizan por presentar en cantidad variable minerales de origen hidrotermal tales como cuarzo, silice, feldespato, pirita, alunita, anhidrita, yeso, clorita, muscovita, esmectita, caolinita e ilmenita, mientras que el material juvenil es muy poco o ausente. Este hecho, asi como el volumen inusual del agua involucrada en la generacion de los lahares indicarian que, a excepcion de los domos, el material emitido por el volcan Nevado del Huila, esta asociado a eventos de actividad freatica, debida a la interaccion de fluidos y gases magmaticos con agua proveniente de acuiferos superficiales y posiblemente reservorio hidrotermal bajo el edificio volcanico. Los resultados de los analisis de cenizas emitidas asi como los de sedimentos, aguas y precipitados en el rio Paez, sustentan esta hipotesis. Palabras clave: Volcan Nevado del Huila, erupciones freaticas, cenizas de caida, minerales hidrotermales, lahares, domos. ABSTRACT The reactivation of the Nevado del Huila volcano in 2007 and subsequent activity, led to the formation of large cracks at the top, small emissions of ash and continuous emissions of mud in October-November 2008. There were also major lahars, notably those generated on April 18 2007 and on November 20 2008 in where an excess of 10 and 77 million m 3 of water respectively, was repported in Betania Reservoir (which was substantially higher than the water that could be generated by the fusion of ice-snow due to the activity). Magmatic episode led to the extrusion of coalescent domes in the SW flank of Pico Central in 2007 and 2008. Analysis of emitted ash during the eruptive episodes are characterized by varying amounts of hydrothermal mineral such as quartz, silica, feldspar, pyrite, alunite, anhydrite, gypsum, chlorite, muscovite, smectite, kaolinite and ilmenite, while the juvenile material is few or absent. These facts and the unusual volume of water involved in the generation of lahars indicate that, except for the domes, the material emitted by the volcano Nevado del Huila are associated to phreatic activity due to the interaction of fluids and magmatic gases with water from shallow aquifers and possibly with a hydrothermal reservoir beneath the volcano. The results of the analysis of ash as well as sediment, water and precipitates taken from the Paez River support this hypothesis.
Checkpoint Kinase 2 (CHEK2) Gene Mutation in a Patient With Breast and Prostate Cancer: A Unique Presentation of a Rare Disease

Breast cancer is one of the rarest malignancies in males, with a low incidence rate compared to all breast cancers. Gene mutation plays a significant role in the pathologic process of cancer. Mutations in breast cancer gene 1 (BRCA1) and breast cancer gene 2 (BRCA2) have been associated with male breast cancer (MBC), as well as prostate cancer (PCa). Despite the etiopathogenetic similarity, combined MBC and PCa is a rare entity. This report presents the case of a 57-year-old male with a history of breast cancer who underwent modified radical mastectomy (MRM) with lymph node dissection followed by adjuvant chemoradiotherapy four years ago. The patient presented with recurrent episodes of voiding dysfunction for three months, followed by urine retention. His family history was positive for breast and lung cancer. High prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System 5 (PI-RADS5) necessitate transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy, which confirmed the diagnosis of PCa. Molecular genetics testing and next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis identified heterozygous variant c.636T>G, p.(Tyr212*) in the checkpoint kinase 2 (CHEK2) gene. The patient is planned for neoadjuvant luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) for 3-6 months, to be followed by transurethral tunneling of the prostate (TUTP) with adjuvant LHRH. The allele frequency of this patient mutation was documented for the first time among the general population, and it has not been described in the literature. This unique and rare case was presented with clinical, morphological, and immunohistochemical features together with a review of the current literature.
Investigation of Minerals Extracted during Seawater Desalination Using Two-Dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy

In this study, mineral components extracted during the desalination process were concentrated and dried, and then identified using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared (IR), and Raman spectroscopy. For detailed identification, two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) was also applied to the XRD patterns, IR spectra, and Raman spectra of the minerals obtained from each desalination step. The EDS results confirm the presence of seawater minerals rich in Na+ ions in the first and second extracts, Ca2+ ions are present only in these stages, and Mg2+ ions are abundant in the third and final extracts. The presence of NaCl and MgSO4 minerals in the first to third and final extracts, respectively, was confirmed using XRD patterns. From the IR and Raman spectra, we found that the degree of hydration of SO42−-related extracts decreased as seawater underwent desalination. Furthermore, 2D-COS provides information about the changes in the extracts obtained from the first to final stage. Heterospectral XRD and Raman 2D-COS provides clear assignments for Raman spectra. The use of 2D-COS helps to understand the characteristics of seawater extracts during the desalination process, and provides a better understanding of chemical and structural adaptations within the extract. As a result, this method contributes to an improved understanding of the desalination process and final products.