Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fast Detection of COVID-19 Using DL-Based Diagnosis Applying Attention Mechanism

As an RNA-type respiratory virus, COVID-19 has raised our attention that global public health and the economy are under great risk over the past three years. Lately, China is shifting from “zero-COVID” to “living with COVID” by canceling the policy of mandatory centralized quarantine, compulsory COVID-19 ART kit testing and large-scale lockdowns, which may result in healthcare system in China being under severe pressure. Thus, with the increasing demand of auxiliary diagnostic tools, we considered applying a deep learning model to help relieve the pressure of specialized physicians. Application of such advanced artificial intelligence techniques can be of some help during the process of the accurate diagnosis and can also be assistive to deal with the problem of remote villages where specialized physicians are not sufficient. In our study, a new model for detecting COVID-19 with chest X-ray images after prepossessing is presented to triage patients for appropriate testing. Owing to class imbalance, over-sampling to the fewer category is applied to augment the data. Our dataset consists of four classes, namely: coronavirus (COVID-19), Bacterial Pneumonia, Viral Pneumonia and normal lung X-ray image. The architecture we proposed combines channel attention with neighborhood attention in order to achieve higher accuracy in detection of COVID-19 infection. This work achieved some progress of using a novel deep learning-based architecture to efficiently and accurately distinguish COVID-19 from other two kinds of pneumonia.
Energy-Conserving Gaits for Point-Foot Planar Bipeds: A Five-DOF Case Study

We propose a general method for designing energy-conserving gaits for point-foot planar bipeds. The method relies on satisfying specific boundary conditions for joint trajectories of the biped. These boundary conditions ensure that potential and kinetic energies of the biped are the same at the beginning and end of each step and there is no impact, i.e, no energy loss, at the time of swing-foot touchdown. The mechanical energy required by the gait over each step is therefore zero from the principle of work and energy. To illustrate the procedure for designing energy-conserving gaits, the proposed method is applied to a general five-dof biped.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Plasmonic nanoparticles for a bottom-up approach to fabricate optical metamaterials

We investigate experimentally metallic nanoparticle composites fabricated by bottom-up techniques as potential candidates for optical metamaterials. Depending on the plasmonic resonances sustained by individual NPs and their nanoscale organization into larger meta-atoms, various properties might emerge. Here, the focus of our contribution is on the fabrication and optical characterization of silver NP clusters with a spherical shape. We start with the characterisation of the "bulk" dielectric constants of silver NP inks by spectroscopic ellipsometry for different nanoparticle densities (i.e from strongly diluted dispersions to solid randomly packed films). The inks are then used to prepare spherical nanoparticle clusters by an oil-in water emulsion technique. The study of their optical properties demonstrates their ability to support Mie resonances in the visible. These resonances are associated with the excitation of a magnetic dipole, which constitutes a prerequisite to the realization of metamaterials with negative permeability.
Dual-polarity GaN micropillars grown by metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy: Cross-correlation between structural and optical properties

Self-assembled catalyst-free GaN micropillars grown on (0001) sapphire substrates by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy are investigated. Transmission electron microscopy, as well as KOH etching, shows the systematic presence of two domains of opposite polarity within each single micropillar. The analysis of the initial growth stages indicates that such double polarity originates at the micropillar/substrate interface, i.e., during the micropillar nucleation, and it propagates along the micropillar. Furthermore, dislocations are also generated at the wire/substrate interface, but bend after several hundreds of nanometers. This leads to micropillars several tens of micrometers in length that are dislocation-free. Spatially resolved cathodoluminescence and microphotoluminescence show large differences in the optical properties of each polarity domain, suggesting unequal impurity/dopant/vacancy incorporation depending on the polarity.
Process tomography applied to multi-phase flow measurement

This paper presents the state of the art in measuring multi-phase flows by using tomographic techniques. The results presented show a wide range of industrial applications of process tomography from the nuclear and chemical to the food industry. This is illustrated by examples of the application of various tomographic sensors to the measurement of geometric or kinematic parameters of multi-phase flows. An application of process tomography for the validation of computational fluid dynamic models and the possibility of constructing a flowmeter for multi-phase flow are addressed.
Trace element fractionation processes in the generation of island arc basalts

Subduction-related magmas are characterized by distinctive minor and trace element ratios which are widely attributed to the introduction of a hydrous component from the subducted crust. Island arc rocks may usefully be subdivided into high and low Ce/Yb groups, and the latter are characterized by relatively restricted radiogenic isotope ratios. In general, high LIL/ HFSE ratios are best developed in low HFSE rocks, and the variation in LILE is less than that in HFSE. A local equilibrium model is developed in which the distinctive minor and trace element feature of arc rocks are the result of fluid percolation in the mantle wedge. Peridotite/fluid distribution coefficients are inferred to vary systematically with ionic radius in the range 69—167 x 10-12 m. However, in practice the calculated olivine/fluid partition coefficients are too high to develop an arc signature in the wedge peridotite in reasonable timescales, and for acceptable fluxes from the slab. The available geochemical data would suggest that realistic distribution coefficients are 2-3 orders of magnitude less than those presently available from experimental data, presumably because the fluid compositions are different, or that local equilibrium is not appropriate. Average compositions from the low Ce/Yb arc suites exhibit a positive correlation between Ce/Sm, but not K/Sm, and crustal thickness. It is argued that the degree of melting varies with crustal thickness, but not in any simple way with the magnitude of the fluid contribution. The observed range in Ce/Sm in the low Ce/Yb rocks is consistent with 3-18% melting of slightly lree depleted source rocks.
Homogeneous large-area graphene layer growth on 6H-SiC(0001)

Homogeneous large-area graphene monolayers were successfully prepared ex situ on 6H-SiC(0001). The samples have been studied systematically and the results are compared with those from a sample cut from the same wafer and prepared by in situ heating. The formation of smaller graphene flakes was found on the in situ prepared sample, which is in line with earlier observations. Distinctly different results are observed from the ex situ graphene layers of different thicknesses, which are proposed as a guideline for determining graphene growth. Recorded C 1s spectra consisted of three components: bulk SiC, graphene (G), and interface (I), the latter being a 6 root 3 layer. Extracted intensity ratios of G/I were found to give a good estimate of the thickness of graphene. Differences are also revealed in micro low energy electron diffraction images and electron reflectivity curves. The diffraction patterns were distinctly different from a monolayer thickness up to three layers. At a larger thickness only the graphitelike spot was visible. The electron reflectivity curve showed a nice oscillation behavior with kinetic energy and as a function of the number of graphene layers. The graphene sheets prepared were found to be very inert and the interface between the substrate and the layer(s) was found to be quite abrupt. No free Si could be detected in or on the graphene layers or at the interface.
Optical line intensities in the Trifid nebula

Observations of the Trifid nebula (M20) obtained in H-alpha; He I (587.6 nm); and the forbidden lines of N II (658.3 nm), S II (671.6 and 673 nm), O III (500.7 nm), and O II (272.6 and 372.9 nm) using either the CIT long-slit spectrograph or a direct-mode CCD with narrow-band interference filters on the 92-cm telescope at KPNO are reported. The data are presented in extensive graphs and characterized in detail and a model is proposed to explain the scattering measurements. Findings discussed include a single central O7 V star with Teff = about 37,500 K, a dusty plasma ionized by this star, mean nebular electron density 150/cu cm, a central hole of radius 0.2 times that of the ionized zone, dust extending beyond the ionized region, overall temperature 7000-8000 K, filament temperatures up to 9000 K, dust optical depth 1.5 at H-beta, dust albedo 0.5, emission-nebula radius 2.8 pc, and total mass about 1700 solar mass (comprising 340 solar mass ionized material, about 800 solar mass unionized cloud material, and about 600 solar mass in an outer dust sphere). 18 references.
Status Report on the Spallation Neutron Source

The purpose of the Spallation Neutron Source Project (SNS) is to generate low-energy neutrons (ambient [{approximately}200 meV] and cold [{approximately}50 meV]) which can be used by up to 18 neutron beam lines to study the structure and functionality of materials. The neutrons are generated by the spallation process initiated by the interactions of 1-GeV protons with a Hg target. These neutrons are reflected by a Pb reflector and are moderated by 2 water (ambient) and 2 super critical hydrogen (cryogenic) moderators. The pulse structure for the 1 MW proton beam is 60 Hertz and < 0.7 {micro}s/pulse. The facility must be upgradable to higher power levels (2- and 4- MW) with minimal operational interruptions. Although not included in the current funding or baseline, a second target station and associated support structure which will be designed to utilize cold neutrons is also considered to be an upgrade that must be incorporated with minimal impact on operations.
Inherent lifetime widths of Ar 2 p − 1 , Kr 3 d − 1 , Xe 3 d − 1 , and Xe 4 d − 1 states

The natural widths of the Ar ${2p}^{\ensuremath{-}1},$ Kr ${3d}^{\ensuremath{-}1},$ Xe ${3d}^{\ensuremath{-}1},$ and Xe ${4d}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ states have been determined from photoelectron spectra measured with very high resolution. Lifetime widths ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{L}$ of $104\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3\mathrm{meV}$ and $111\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3\mathrm{meV}$ were obtained for the Xe ${4d}_{3/2}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and ${4d}_{5/2}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ states, respectively. In contrast, no differences in the inherent lifetime width could be found for the spin-orbit split components of Ar $2p$ $({\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{L}=118\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4\mathrm{meV})$ and Kr $3d$ $({\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{L}=88\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4\mathrm{meV})$ ionized states. The lifetime widths of the Xe ${3d}_{3/2}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and ${3d}_{5/2}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ states were found to be $490\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}30\mathrm{meV}$ and $510\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}30\mathrm{meV},$ respectively. The extracted lifetime widths are compared with the previously published experimental results.
Bayesian latent variable model for mixed continuous and ordinal responses with possibility of missing responses

A general framework is proposed for joint modelling of mixed correlated ordinal and continuous responses with missing values for responses, where the missing mechanism for both kinds of responses is also considered. Considering the posterior distribution of unknowns given all available information, a Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling algorithm via winBUGS is used for estimating the posterior distribution of the parameters. For sensitivity analysis to investigate the perturbation from missing at random to not missing at random, it is shown how one can use some elements of covariance structure. These elements associate responses and their missing mechanisms. Influence of small perturbation of these elements on posterior displacement and posterior estimates is also studied. The model is illustrated using data from a foreign language achievement study.
Mean breakdown points for compressed sensing by uniformly distributed matrices

It is graphically observed that curves of mean breakdown points obtained by ℓ 1 optimization for compressed sensing de(cid:12)ned by underdetermined systems y = Aw with uniformly distributed random matrices A 2 R d (cid:2) m and sparse w almost coincide with the curves obtained by normally distributed random matrices, both with sparse vectors w + with nonnegative components and w (cid:6) with components of either sign. Three-dimensional (cid:12)gures illustrate asymptotic phase transition cliﬀs. These and the standard deviation of the mean breakdown points can be used to de(cid:12)ne a level of sparseness of w below which a unique solution is expected to a high probability.
The extended Delaunay tessellation

The extended Delaunay tessellation (EDT) is presented in this paper as the unique partition of a node set into polyhedral regions defined by nodes lying on the nearby Voronoi spheres. Until recently, all the FEM mesh generators were limited to the generation of tetrahedral or hexahedral elements (or triangular and quadrangular in 2D problems). The reason for this limitation was the lack of any acceptable shape function to be used in other kind of geometrical elements. Nowadays, there are several acceptable shape functions for a very large class of polyhedra. These new shape functions, together with the EDT, gives an optimal combination and a powerful tool to solve a large variety of physical problems by numerical methods. The domain partition into polyhedra presented here does not introduce any new node nor change any node position. This makes this process suitable for Lagrangian problems and meshless methods in which only the connectivity information is used and there is no need for any expensive smoothing process.
Theoretical limits for visibly transparent photovoltaics

Transparent photovoltaics (PVs) provide a potentially facile route to building-integrated PVs and seamless energy-harvesting within non-window surfaces such as electronic displays, autonomously powered electronic-glazings, and mobile-electronic accessories. Such devices have been enabled by manipulation of excitons in organic and molecular semiconductors that allow for selective ultraviolet and near-infrared solar conversion. Here, the theoretical efficiency limits of transparent photovoltaics are determined as a function of transparency. Power-production from ultraviolet and near-infrared photons alone leads to a theoretical single-junction efficiency of 21% in transparent structures, compared to 33% for opaque-junctions. Reducing thermal losses via transparent multi-junction stacking these limits increase to 37%.
THE KAKEYA MAXIMAL FUNCTION AND THE SPHERICAL SUMMATION MULTIPLIERS.

obvious cases: n = 1 or p =2; and also Fefferman [4] proved that TX is bounded on L P (Rn) provided that p (X) (n - 1)/4. This result has been sharpened by Tomas [15] to X > (n - 1)/2(n + 1). Finally Carleson and Sjolin [3], Fefferman [6] and Hormander [10] proved that, in R2, TA is bounded on LP whenever X >0 and p(X) 2 we have the natural question: is TX (X >0) bounded on L P(R'), p(X) < p < p'(X)? Our approach to the problem is inspired by the work of Fefferman and it is as follows: The multiplier theorem for TX can be easily reduced to this problem:
Vapor‐phase epitaxial InxGa1−xAs on (100), (111)A, and (111)B InP substrates

Effects of InP substrate orientation on InxGa1−xAs vapor‐phase epitaxial growth are studied. The fractional composition x of the grown layer on (100) substrate is smaller than for (111) B at identical growth temperatures and gas flow rates. The In content x decreases with increasing temperature. Growth rate, carrier concentration, and carrier mobility depend on substrate orientation. Growth on (100) substrates at temperatures above 710°C is suitable for obtaining smooth surface layers with low carrier concentration and high mobility.
Sensitivity of Radiative Forcing to Variable Cloud and Moisture

Abstract The influence of cloud and moisture distribution on the radiative forcing of the atmosphere is investigated. A simple radiative transfer model is developed to calculate the radiative fluxes at the boundaries of the atmosphere and the net radiative absorption of the atmospheric column. It is of a type and simplicity which is compatible with the present climate models and is shown to compare well with more complicated multiple-scattering calculations. Details of the atmospheric temperature and moisture structure and its radiation properties are systematically relaxed to test the assumption associated with even simpler models. The radiative properties of the atmosphere are shown to be strong functions of cloud amount, cloud type, latitude and atmospheric state. Results are presented which have several implications regarding climate modeling. It appears that radiative schemes in large-scale models should take into account full vertical and horizontal variability of moisture and cloud as minimum requi.
Equation of state for hydrogen and helium in the chemical picture

Shock experiments have reached the megabar pressure range and temperatures typical in planets such as Jupiter. The equation of state and other material properties such as electrical conductivity are needed for hydrogen and helium in order to model such objects. We develop an equation of state that considers pressure dissociation and ionization. We make use of fluid variational theory and Padé approximations. A chemical picture is applied considering the species electrons, protons, atoms and molecules. Comparison with experimental equation of state data is presented.
The Fourier series method for the calculation of strain relaxation in strained‐layer structures

The theory of the Fourier series method is presented for 2‐dimensional, homogeneous, isotropic structures with rectangular geometry. The theory allows for any normal stress to be specified at any boundary with the shear stresses at all boundaries assumed to be zero. The stress relaxation near the free surface due to a single isolated strained layer is calculated. It is found that the component of the stress relaxation normal to the surface decays as 1/r within the strained layer, where r is the distance from the free surface. A single strained layer with linearly graded composition from 1% to 0.8% is examined and it is found that only small asymmetries are present in the strain relaxation and surface displacement. Finally, the strain relaxation due to a single strained layer during growth is calculated and it is found that the maximum shear strain at the corner of the structure is slightly larger than that due to a single capped strained layer.
What can we expect from precision asteroseismology?

Abstract Precision asteroseismology is the determination of accurate stellar parameters from oscillation data. At first successful for pulsating white dwarf stars, it is now applied to more and more types of stars. We give a number of selected examples where precision asteroseismology, but also asteroseismology based on few observables may lead to considerable improvement of stellar astrophysics in the near future.
Circumstellar shells resolved in the IRAS survey data. I - Data processing procedure, results, and confidence tests

We have examined the IRAS 60 and 100 μm survey data covering 512 evolved stars and young planetary nebulae for evidence of spatially resolved structure. A simple model, consisting of a central unresolved source surrounded by a resolved isothermal shell, was fitted to the data for each star. Seventy-six stars were found to be resolved in the 60 μm data. Tests have been performed to verify that the extended structure seen is not an artifact of the data-processing algorithm
Growth and uniqueness in thermoelasticity

A uniqueness theorem is proved for two theories of thermoelasticity capable of admitting finite speed thermal waves, the theories having been proposed by Green & Naghdi. Uniqueness is proved under the weak assumption of requiring only major symmetry of the elasticity tensor; no definiteness whatsoever is postulated. It is shown how to demonstrate uniqueness by a Lagrange identity method and also by producing a novel functional to which to apply the technique of logarithmic convexity. It is remarked on how to extend the result to an unbounded spatial domain without requiring decay restrictions on the solution at infinity. Finally, conditions are derived which show how a suitable measure of the solution will grow at least exponentially in time if the initial ‘energy’ satisfies appropriate conditions. This complements the fundamental work of Knops & Payne, who produced corresponding growth results in the isothermal elasticity case.
Multi‐messenger observations of gamma‐ray bursts

As well as being amongst the most powerful objects in the Universe, Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) are plausible sources of the highest energy cosmic rays. Therefore GRBs are expected to be sources of high energy neutrinos. So far all searches have turned negative results, and the default models are being challenged. With the recent completion of the IceCube neutrino telescope, the question of whether GRBs are the sources of the highest energy cosmic rays will be thoroughly tested. A successful detection would enable new exciting methods to conduct astrophysical studies and complement electromagnetic observations. In this proceeedings, the prospects for positive detection with neutrino observatories will be surveyed with an emphasis on IceCube.The connection between long duration GRBs and core collapse supernovae, has led to the hypothesis that there is be a population, possibly a couple of orders of magnitudes larger than the GRB population, of so called choked GRBs. These choked GRBs are also predicted to be s.
Atomic structure of Zr-Cu glassy alloys and detection of deviations from ideal solution behavior with Al addition by x-ray diffraction using synchrotron light in transmission

The atomic structure of Zr–Cu binary amorphous alloys was studied using real space pair distribution functions derived from x-ray diffraction. The structure can be modeled by an ideal solution approximation because of relatively weak Cu–Zr atomic interactions. Addition of Al to Zr–Cu metallic glasses modifies the atomic structure in the short and medium range order because of the strongly attractive interaction between Al and Zr atoms. These interactions generate strong deviations from the ideal solution behavior.