Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and management of type 2 diabetes among Chinese Americans

ABSTRACT Aims This study examines: (a) the prevalence rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Chinese Americans (CAs); (b) the influence of acculturative status (i.e. generational status and linguistic fluency) on T2DM prevalence; (c) and differences in diabetes management between CAs and Non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs). Methods We used 2011–2018 data from the California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) to analyze the prevalence rate and management of diabetes among the CAs. Chi-squares, linear regressions, and logistic regressions were used to analyze the data. Results After controlling for demographic, socioeconomic, and health behaviors, there were no significant differences in the T2DM prevalence rate between CAs overall or of varying acculturative statuses compared with NHWs. However, there were differences in diabetes management, with first-generation CAs being less likely to exam glucose daily, have medical care plans developed by medical providers, or have confidence in controlling diabetes compared to NHWs. CAs with limited English proficiency (LEP) were less likely to perform self-monitoring of blood glucose or have confidence in managing their diabetes care compared to NHWs. Finally, non-first generation CAs were also more likely to take diabetes medication compared to NHWs. Conclusions Although the prevalence rate of T2DM was found to be similar between CAs and NHWs, significant differences were found in diabetes care and management. Specifically, those who were less acculturated (e.g. first generation and those with LEP) were less likely to actively manage and have confidence in managing their T2DM. These results highlight the importance of targeting immigrants with LEP in prevention and intervention efforts.
Analysis of rear contacted solar cell structures for cost-effective processes and materials

The authors compare the limiting effects of high-efficiency rear contacted solar cells, screen-printed rear contacted solar cells and emitter-wrap-through solar cells for different cell thickness by means of numerical device simulation. For high diffusion lengths, the high-efficiency rear contacted cell and the emitter-wrap-through solar cell show a decreasing short circuit current density with decreasing cell thickness, whereas the screen-printed rear contact cell shows the reverse behavior due to a "pumping" effect of the floating emitter. The impact of the emitter sheet resistance in the via hole of the emitter-wrap-through cell on the illuminated IV-curve is investigated for illumination from the front and from the rear side. The presented analysis allows an optimization of rear contacted cells for application as high-efficiency and as low-cost structures.
Interaction between the Supernova Remnant HB 21 and Molecular Clouds

We have carried out 12CO J = 1-0 observations toward the mixed-morphology supernova remnant (SNR) HB 21 using the SRAO 6 m telescope. The whole area of the SNR was covered using full-beam grid spacing (2') and partly using half-beam spacing (1'). We discovered shocked clouds with broad (Δv ≳ 10 km s-1) emission lines in the north, northwest, and center of the SNR. The large (~20') cloud in the northwest has a bow-shaped morphology and enhanced radio emission along the cloud boundary. Toward the central, X-ray-bright area of the remnant, sensitive CO observations have revealed small broad-line clouds. They are probable candidates for the evaporating clouds, which may be responsible for the enhanced thermal X-rays in the central area. Shocked clouds have also been discovered in the northern V-shaped radio structure. Our results suggest that the unusual radio features and the central thermal X-ray enhancements of HB 21 might be the result of an interaction with molecular clouds. High-resolution mappings of two shocked, 1' sized clumps were made with the NRO 45 m telescope. For the U-shaped clump in the north, we have found that temperature and density increase near the bottom of the U-shape. The observed features coincide with the theoretical expectation for a cloud swept by a shock wave propagating from the south to the north. For the other shocked clump in the south, the central velocity systematically changes with a gradient of 11 km s-1 pc-1. We suggest 1.7 kpc as the distance to HB 21 by considering all available distance estimates.
Valence band offsets at Cu(In,Ga)Se2/Zn(O,S) interfaces

The energy band alignment at interfaces between Cu‐chalcopyrites and Zn(O,S) buffer layers, which are important for thin‐film solar cells, are considered. Valence band offsets derived from X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 absorber layers with CdS and Zn(O,S) compounds are compared to theoretical predictions. It is shown that the valence band offsets at Cu(In,Ga)Se2/Zn(O,S) interfaces approximately follow the theoretical prediction and vary significantly from sample to sample. The integral sulfide content of chemical bath deposited Zn(O,S) is reproducibly found to be 50–70%, fortuitously resulting in a conduction band offset suitable for solar cell applications with Cu(In,Ga)Se2 absorber materials. The observed variation in offset can neither be explained by variation of the Cu content in the Cu(In,Ga)Se2 near the interface nor by local variation of the chemical composition. Fermi level pinning induced by high defect concentrations is a possible origin of the variation of band offset.
Conformational analysis by scaled energy embedding

Distance geometry has been used for some years to find conformations of molecules consistent with given bounds on the interatomic distances. A recent extension of the method, called energy embedding, enforces the geometric constraints as before, but also biases the results toward low‐energy structures. Now a significant improvement on energy embedding is presented, which is less dependent on local optimization for satisfying the geometric constraints. Tests on very small systems with well understood energy functions show that the global minimum energy value is often attained, and geometric constraints are always satisfied.
Comparison of ODE methods for laminar reacting gas flow simulations

Two‐dimensional transient simulations are presented of the transport phenomena and multispecies, multireaction chemistry in chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The transient simulations are run until steady state, such that the steady state can be validated against the steady state solutions from literature. We compare various time integration methods in terms of efficiency and robustness. Besides stability, which is important due to the stiffness of the problem, preservation of non‐negativity is crucial. It appears that this latter condition on a time integration method is much more restrictive toward the time step size than stability. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2008
Adsorption and two-dimensional phases of a large polar molecule: Sub-phthalocyanine on Ag(111)

The adsorption and the two-dimensional (2D) ordering of chloro[subphthalocyaninato]boron(III) (SubPc) on Ag(111) has been studied in detail by combined scanning tunneling microscopy and photoelectron spectroscopy at room temperature. SubPc is a polar, highly symmetric molecule, consisting of an extended aromatic system and a central B-Cl bond. When growing on Ag(111) an interesting phase behavior is observed for the first molecular layer of SubPc. At low coverage, below 0.2 monolayer (ML), a 2D lattice gas is present, whereas at medium coverage (on the order of 0.2-0.5 ML), 2D condensed molecular islands are observed in coexistence with the 2D lattice gas. In these condensed islands, the molecules assemble into a well-ordered honeycomb pattern. At higher coverage (approximately 0.5-0.9 ML) the molecules organize into a 2D hexagonal close-packed (hcp) pattern, in equilibrium with a dense 2D gas phase. In the honeycomb and in the hcp pattern, individual molecules are imaged with submolecular resolution, giving information on their orientation. For both the honeycomb and hcp patterns, islands with two different orientations of the superstructures with respect to the Ag(111) substrate are observed. In case of the honeycomb pattern, the two superstructures are enantiomorphic. The chirality of these layers originates in the loss of the symmetry of the metal surface upon adsorption of SubPc, while the molecules alone are intrinsically achiral. Based on different photoelectron spectroscopy experiments we conclude that the SubPc molecule is adsorbed on Ag(lll) with its Cl atom towards the substrate and that the molecule remains intact. Finally, several aspects of the observed 2D condensed phases and the thermodynamic phase behavior are discussed with respect to the charge distribution and the adsorption physics and chemistry of the SubPc molecules.
A stochastic analysis of end-to-end available bandwidth estimation

This thesis presents a theoretical foundation for packet-train available bandwidth estimation in its most general settings. In the first half of our work, we analyze the asymptotic behavior of packet-train probing in a single-hop network path carrying bursty cross-traffic. We examine the asymptotic average of the packet-train output dispersions and its relationship to the input dispersion. We call this relationship the response curve of the network path. We show that the real response curve is provably different from that obtained under fluid cross-traffic models in prior work. This difference, which we refer to as response deviation, is one of the previously unknown factors that can cause measurement bias in available bandwidth estimation. We show both analytically and experimentally that the response deviation and its consequent measurement bias vanish as the packet-train length or probing packet size increases and that the vanishing rate is decided by the burstiness of cross-traffic. In the second part of this thesis, we analyze the asymptotic behavior of packet-train probing over a multi-hop network path P carrying arbitrarily routed bursty cross-traffic flows. We show that the response curve Z is tightly lower-bounded by its multi-hop fluid counterpart F , obtained when every cross-traffic flow on P is hypothetically replaced with a constant-rate fluid traffic flow of the same average intensity and routing pattern. The real curve Z asymptotically approaches its fluid counterpart F as probing packet size or packet train length increases. As an implication of these findings, we show that bursty cross-traffic in multi-hop paths causes negative bias to most existing techniques. This bias can be mitigated using long packet-trains. However, the bias is not completely removable for the techniques that use the portion of the single-hop fluid model that differs from F . Through our probing analysis, we have achieved a clear understanding of both the validity and the inadequacy of current techniques, and provided a guideline for their further improvements.
Improving on the James-Stein Positive-Part Estimator

The purpose of this paper is to give an explicit estimator dominating the positive-part James-Stein rule. The James-Stein estimator improves on the «usual» estimator X of a multivariate normal mean vector θ if the dimension p of the problem is at least 3. It has been known since at least 1964 that the positive-part version of this estimator improves on the James-Stein estimator. Brown's 1971 results imply that the positive-part version is itself inadmissible although this result was assumed to be true much earlier. Explicit improvements, however, have not previously been found; indeed, 1988 results of Bock and of Brown imply that no estimator dominating the positive-part estimator exists whose unbiased estimator of risk is uniformly smaller than that of the positive-part estimator
Pattern limitations in multiple-beam antennas

It is shown that in a lossless passive antenna radiating multiple beams from a common aperture, the radiation pattern and the crossover levels cannot be specified independently. This is due to a requirement that the beams must be orthogonal in space. It is also shown that this limitation can be overcome by using multiple apertures, lossy networks, or active networks. Suitable arrangements for obtaining low sidelobes with satisfactory crossover levels are described.
Model-Based Estimation of Unemployment Rates in Small Areas of Portugal

The high level of unemployment is a major problem in most European countries nowadays. Hence, the demand for small area labor market statistics has rapidly increased over the past few years. The Portuguese Labour Force Survey is the main source of official statistics at the macro level. However, it was not designed to produce reliable design-based statistics at the micro level due to small sample sizes. The goal of this article is to analyze the performance of model-based small area estimators to estimate the unemployment rate at micro level. Our results showed that the temporal estimator is the most suitable.
Density of energy barriers in fine magnetic particle systems

Using a numerical method based on the minimization of the Onsager-Machlup functional, we have studied the energy barrier distributions in systems of fine magnetic particles with the uniaxial anisotropy and the dipolar interaction. In such systems, the interplay of the single particle anisotropy and the dipolar interaction strength (particle concentration) determines whether the single-particle or collective remagnetization dominates the system behavior (including barrier heights). Our main conclusion is that the influence of the dipolar interparticle interaction on the energy barrier density /spl rho/(E) depends qualitatively on the single particle anisotropy. For low anisotropies /spl rho/(E) shifts toward higher barriers when increasing interaction strength, whereby for moderate and high anisotropy values, the opposite shift takes place. We propose the explanation for this phenomenon.
Reflective array SAW narrowband filters

Experimental results are presented for a reflective-array SAW (surface acoustic wave) device that is optimized for narrowband filter applications. The filter consists of broadband input and output transducers with two weighted reflector arrays. Previous devices of this type have used reflective dot density and depth profile weighting for the reflective arrays. A unique implementation of this design technique for a 70-MHz narrowband filter is demonstrated, in which position-weighting of the reflector arrays is used. This filter has 0.2% fractional bandwidth and excellent amplitude and phase characteristics. A detailed analysis of the filter by use of a computer simulation and comparisons between the predicted and experimental responses are discussed. The proposed design approach results in a shorter die length as compared to conventional filter design and is more tolerant to fabrication defects such as shorts and opens. <<ETX>>
Large Eddy Simulation of the Subcritical Flow over a U-Grooved Circular Cylinder

With the aim of numerically replicating a drag reduction phenomenon induced by grooves presence, this paper presents a comparative large eddy simulation study of the flow over a smooth circular cylinder, and the flow over a U-grooved cylinder, at Re = 140,000, which is near transition between the subcritical and critical flow regimes. The grid densities were 2.6 million cells and 20.7 million cells for the smooth and the U-grooved cylinder, respectively. Both meshes were composed of hexahedral cells disposed in a structured form with additional refinements in near-wall regions, in order to obtain y+< 5 values. The cases were simulated during 25 vortex shedding cycles with the purpose of obtaining significant statistic data through the commercial software FLUENT V.12. 1, which solved the Navier-Stokes equations in their unsteady and incompressible forms. Regarding the U-grooved cylinder flow, parameters such as the drag coefficient, lengths of recirculation, the transition from subcritical to critical flow, and the formation of a wake formed by secondary vortices of smaller sizes were predicted satisfactorily by the LES technique. From the manner in which the flow separates at different angles for both valleys and peaks of the U-grooves, a distinctive transitional mechanism induced by grooves presence is conjectured.
Assessment on the Climate Change Impact Using CMIP6

The impact of global warming is resulting in flood, land slide, soil erosion and drought that are anticipated to become more intense and frequent. The history record shows that the flood has been occur repeatedly in this study area. The study of future climate needs to be done to a greater extent as a planning for the infrastructure and as mitigation actions on flood based on the future climate. The aims of this study, to ascertain the climate projection by CMIP6 are compatible to be subjected for the future climate and to identify the trend of future climate projection in Kemaman, Terengganu. The comprehensive study of future climate that using CMIP6 that consist of SSPs help in providing a clear explanation of future society’s socio-economic appraisal in assessment modelling. The Sen’s Slope Test were used to analyze the trend of future climate projection in this study area. In this study, we found out that the trend of future rainfall is increasing with the positive values of Sen’s Slope Test. Study shows that the Sen’s Slope Test values for eight (8) stations in Kemaman, which is Ban Ho, Hulu Jabor, Rumah Pam Paya Kempian, JPS Kemaman, Klinik Bidan Kg Ibok, SK Kemasek, Jambatan Tebak, and Jambatan Air Putih are 2.381, 1.158, 1.333, 1.252, 2.293, 1.06, 3.113, and 1.961 respectively. The frequency and intensity of forecasting rainfall also increasing compared to the historical data. In conclusion, the proper planning and mitigation action need to be done to minimize the losses that happen due to climate changes impacts.
Transport properties of zigzag graphene nanoribbon decorated with copper clusters

Using non-equilibrium green function with density functional theory, the present study investigates the transport properties of decorated zigzag graphene nanoribbon with a copper cluster. We have represented the decoration of zigzag graphene nanoribbon with single copper atom and cluster containing two and three copper atoms. In all the cases, copper atoms tend to occupy the edge state. In addition, we have shown that copper can alter the current-voltage characteristic of zigzag graphene nanoribbon and create new fluctuations and negative differential resistance. These alternations are made due to discontinuity in the combination of orbitals along the graphene nanoribbon. Decoration alters these discontinuities and creates more visible fluctuations. However, in low bias voltages, the changes are similar in all the cases. The study demonstrates that in the decorated zigzag graphene nanoribbon, the edge states are the main states for transporting electron from one electrode to another.
A method of airport runway dataset construction for the visual detection algorithm

One of the key technologies for the autonomous landing of fixed-wing UAVs is runway detection and tracking. The survey reveals that there is no publicly available runway image dataset. However, we proposed a new method, which was different from the traditional dataset construction method. In this method, we innovatively combined UE4 (Unreal Engine 4) and Cesium software to construct an airport runway scene closer to the real world. And put forward our own calibration standards in the post-processing of datasets. Based on this method, we also conduct a runway dataset called RAW. Experiments show that this method can be used for Airport runway detection and algorithm validation and has a good effect on the application of visual detection algorithms from simulation to realistic scenarios.
Research on Intrusion Identification of Hazardous Construction Areas Based on Machine Vision

The complex environment of power construction sites is prone to frequent accidents and many dangerous areas. Using advanced artificial intelligence technology to monitor these dangerous areas in real-time is the primary measure to improve construction safety. Given the problems of poor real-time monitoring and the low accuracy of traditional methods, this paper proposes a real-time monitoring method for dangerous areas based on YOLOv5 deep learning, and through the trained YOLOv5, the construction site is monitored in real-time. Timely warnings are issued for those entering dangerous area to avoid accidents. Verified by the actual data, the method is timely and effective with high identification accuracy.
Efficacy and Safety of Botulinum Toxin Type A for Limb Spasticity after Stroke: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Background Inconsistent data have been reported for the effectiveness of intramuscular botulinum toxin type A (BTXA) in patients with limb spasticity after stroke. This meta-analysis of available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of BTXA in adult patients with upper and lower limb spasticity after stroke. Methods An electronic search was performed to select eligible RCTs in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library through December 2018. Summary standard mean differences (SMDs) and relative risk (RR) values with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were employed to assess effectiveness and safety outcomes, respectively. Results Twenty-seven RCTs involving a total of 2,793 patients met the inclusion criteria, including 16 and 9 trials assessing upper and lower limb spasticity cases, respectively. For upper limb spasticity, BTXA therapy significantly improved the levels of muscle tone (SMD=-0.76; 95% CI -0.97 to -0.55; P<0.001), physician global assessment (SMD=0.51; 95% CI 0.35-0.67; P<0.001), and disability assessment scale (SMD=-0.30; 95% CI -0.40 to -0.20; P<0.001), with no significant effects on active upper limb function (SMD=0.49; 95% CI -0.08 to 1.07; P=0.093) and adverse events (RR=1.18; 95% CI 0.72-1.93; P=0.509). For lower limb spasticity, BTXA therapy was associated with higher Fugl-Meyer score (SMD=5.09; 95%CI 2.16-8.01; P=0.001), but had no significant effects on muscle tone (SMD=-0.12; 95% CI -0.83 to 0.59; P=0.736), gait speed (SMD=0.06; 95% CI -0.02 to 0.15; P=0.116), and adverse events (RR=1.01; 95% CI 0.71-1.45; P=0.949). Conclusions BTXA improves muscle tone, physician global assessment, and disability assessment scale in upper limb spasticity and increases the Fugl-Meyer score in lower limb spasticity.