Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the “bang-bang” principle for a class of Riemann-Liouville fractional semilinear evolution inclusions

Abstract In this paper, we research the existence of solutions for a class of Riemann-Liouville fractional evolution inclusions with nonconvex right hand side. Our main results obtain the existence of the extreme solution and the relationship of the solution sets between the original problem and the convexified problem. In the end, we give an example to illustrate the applications of the abstract results.
Approximation diffuse de la propagation du rayonnement: un algorithme d’inversion appliqué à la détermination des propriétés radiatives

La tomographie optique est une méthode inverse consistant à retrouver les propriétés radiatives du milieu considéré à partir de mesures optiques au bord. Le modèle direct sous-jacent utilisé dans le cadre de cette étude est l’approximation diffuse. L’inversion est basée sur l’algorithme d’optimisation du L-BFGS, le gradient étant calculé par la méthode de l’état adjoint développée sous la forme continue. Lors de l’étape de l’extraction du gradient, les deux normes et sont considérées. Les résultats présentés dans ce papier montrent une bonne adéquation entre les paramètres reconstruits par rapport à ceux recherchés.
NEW RESULTS IN PERTURBATION ANALYSIS OF MATRIX ALGEBRAIC EQUATIONS

The paper deals with the derivation of improved perturbation bounds for the ma- trix expression A1A i1 2 A3 and their application to the sensitivity analysis and the solution of fractional{a-ne matrix equations. An estimate of the overall error in the solution of matrix equations, in ∞oating-point computing environment is presented.
Non-thermal fixed points and superfluid turbulence in ultracold quantum gases

In this thesis the non-equilibrium dynamics of ultracold quantum gases is studied numerically and analytically in one, two, and three spatial dimensions. We focus on the regime of large occupation numbers, where the system can be described by an ensemble of non-linear waves. A goal of this work is to investigate the existence of non-thermal fixed points in the dynamics of ultracold Bose gases. It is shown that a two- or three-dimensional Bose gas features a non-thermal fixed point which is characterised by a dilute random distribution of vortices or vortex lines. This state is accompanied by particle and energy fluxes and decays via the formation of vortex-antivortex correlations. By making use of superfluid turbulence methods, we give a detailed analysis of the underlying vortex dynamics. Furthermore, we focus on the relevance of the non-thermal fixed point for the dynamics of phase ordering kinetics and Bose-Einstein condensation. Then, we explore the possibility of a non-thermal fixed point in a one-dimensional ultracold Bose gas as well as a two-component Bose gas in two dimensions. Finally, we discuss the realisation of a non-thermal fixed point in a relativistic scalar field theory as well as for the case of a two-component Bose gas in two dimensions. After a brief discussion of experimental prospects, we summarise our results and close with an outlook.
The Impact of the Free Senior High School Education Policy and Double-Track System on Quality Education Outcomes: A Quasi-Experimental Policy Evaluation Study in Ghana

Abstract In the 2017/2018 academic year, the government of Ghana, through the Ministry of Education, began an educational reform policy codenamed the “Free Senior High School” (FSHS) policy to fully absorb the cost, increase enrolment, and improve the quality of education for all public senior high schools in Ghana. To accommodate more students and reduce overcrowding in schools, the government, as part of the FSHS policy, introduced the double-track system, which divides the total student population and staff into two tracks; as one of the tracks attends school, the other is on vacation and vice versa. No study has assessed this policy on education outcomes. This study assessed the impact of the FSHS policy and the double-track system on quality education outcomes and explored the challenges associated with the implementation of the policies. The study further identified strategies needed to address these challenges. The study employed a quasi-experimental study design using a pre-post data collection instrument designed to assess quality education metrics. We also used a comparative cross-sectional study design and qualitative design methodologies to evaluate the FSHS policy and the double-track system. We quantified the impact of the policies using quantile and ordinary least square regression models with cluster robust standard errors. Our evaluation of the policy showed a significant decline in quality of education outcomes and academic performance. Students who attended the double-track schools performed poorly in all the core subjects compared with non-double-track schools. The challenges associated with the implementation of the policy were financial constraints, infrastructure deficit, inadequate and delayed release of food items, lack of teaching and learning materials, inadequate contact hours, and poor implementation of the policy and the double-track system. Government must comprehensively review the FSHS policy and consider cost sharing with parents and caregivers to sustain the policy.
Polyphenols and Posterior Segment Eye Diseases: Effects on Angiogenesis, Invasion, Migration and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition

ABSTRACT Posterior segment eye diseases are a major cause of visual impairment worldwide. If left untreated, most of them lead to partial or complete blindness. The formation of new pathological blood vessels, known as angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and associated with them invasion and migration of cells belong to the mechanisms responsible for the development of these ocular disorders. Polyphenols, whose sources are fruits and vegetables, have a lot of pro-health properties, such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory or anti-oxidative activity. This review discusses anti-angiogenic, anti-invasive, anti-migratory activities of individual polyphenolic compounds and their ability to inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition in posterior segment eye diseases. The results of studies presented in this paper show that polyphenols may be an effective and safe component of the human diet used to limit the development and progression of posterior segment eye diseases.
Conceptual and macro-level considerations for understanding the talent advantage: a commentary on Joo, Aguinis, Lee, Kremer, and Villamor’s (2021) ‘HRM’s financial value from obtaining more star performers’

Abstract This commentary has two key aims. One aim is to offer a dynamic, iterative conceptualization of talent, which recognizes that an organization’s understanding of talent profiles can change over time, between cultures and across individuals. A second aim of the present commentary is to move beyond an internal, organization-centric focus on evaluating talent contribution to an interactional focus that integrates external, macrolevel factors, such as talent supply and demand, into the discussion about talent valuation.
Optical Control of G-Actin with a Photoswitchable Latrunculin

Actin is one of the most abundant proteins in eukaryotic cells and a key component of the cytoskeleton. A range of small molecules have emerged that interfere with actin dynamics by either binding to polymeric F-actin or monomeric G-actin to stabilize or destabilize filaments or prevent their formation and growth, respectively. Amongst these, the latrunculins, which bind to G-actin and affect polymerization, are widely used as tools to investigate actin-dependent cellular processes. Here, we report a photoswitchable version of latrunculin, termed opto-latrunculin (OptoLat), which binds to G-actin in a light-dependent fashion and affords optical control over actin polymerization. OptoLat can be activated with 390 – 490 nm pulsed light and rapidly relaxes to the inactive form in the dark. Light activated OptoLat induced depolymerization of F-actin networks in oligodendrocytes and budding yeast, as shown by fluorescence microscopy. Subcellular control of actin dynamics in human cancer cell lines was demonstrated by live cell imaging. Light-activated OptoLat also reduced microglia surveillance in organotypic mouse brain slices while ramification was not affected. Incubation in the dark did not alter the structural and functional integrity of microglia. Together, our data demonstrate that OptoLat is a useful tool for the elucidation of G-actin dependent dynamic processes in cells and tissues.
Consensus Tree under the Ancestor-Descendant Distance is NP-hard

Due to uncertainty in tumor phylogeny inference from sequencing data, many methods infer multiple, equally-plausible phylogenies for the same cancer. To summarize the solution space 𝒯 of tumor phylogenies, consensus tree methods seek a single best representative tree S under a specified pairwise tree distance function. One such distance function is the ancestor-descendant (AD) distance d (T, T′), which equals the symmetric difference of the transitive closures of the edge sets E (T) and E (T′). Here, we show that finding a consensus tree S for tumor phylogenies 𝒯 that minimizes the total AD distance ∑T ∈𝒯 d (S, T) is NP-hard.
The equilibrium theory of biodiversity dynamics: a general framework for scaling species richness and community abundance along environmental gradients

Large-scale temporal and spatial biodiversity patterns have traditionally been explained by multitudinous particular factors and a few theories. However, these theories lack sufficient generality and do not address fundamental interrelationships and coupled dynamics between resource availability, community abundance, and species richness. We propose the equilibrium theory of biodiversity dynamics (ETBD) to address these linkages. According to ETBD, equilibrium levels of species richness and community abundance emerge due to the population size-dependence of speciation and/or extinction rates, modulated by resource availability and the species-abundance distribution. In contrast to other theories, ETBD includes the effect of biodiversity on community abundance (BECA) and thus addresses phenomena such as niche complementarity, facilitation, and ecosystem engineering. It reveals how alternative stable states in both diversity and community abundance emerge from nonlinear BECA. ETBD predicts how the strength of BECA affects scaling relationships between species richness, (meta)community abundance, and resource availability along different environmental gradients. Using data on global-scale variation in tree species richness, we show how the general framework is useful for clarifying the role of speciation, extinction and resource availability in driving patterns in biodiversity and community abundance, such as the latitudinal diversity gradient. Teaser Theory explaining macroecological biodiversity patterns through the effects of extinction, speciation, resource levels and the effect of biodiversity on community abundance
EHMT2/G9a-Inhibition Reprograms Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) to a More Differentiated, Less Proliferative and Invasive State

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have previously been shown to play a pivotal role in multiple cancer dynamics, including mediating tumor cell invasion: their pro-invasive secretory profile and ability to remodel the extracellular matrix (ECM) architecture particularly promote tumor progression through tumor cell invasion into surrounding tissue areas and beyond. Given that reduced CAF abundance in tumors correlates with improved outcomes in various cancers, we set out to identify epigenetic targets involved in CAF activation in the tumor-stromal margin to reduce overall tumor aggressiveness. Using the GLAnCE (Gels for Live Analysis of Compartmentalized Environments) co-culture platform, we performed an image-based, phenotypic screen and identified EHMT2 (also known as G9a), an epigenetic enzyme that targets the methylation of histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9), as the most potent modulator of CAF abundance and CAF-mediated tumor cell invasion. Transcriptomic and functional analysis of EHMT2-inhibited CAFs revealed the involvement of EHMT2 in driving CAFs towards a pro-invasive phenotype. Further, EHMT2 signaling mediated CAF hyperproliferation, a feature that is typically associated with activated fibroblasts present in tumors, but the molecular basis for which has not thus far been identified. This study suggests a role for EHMT2 as a regulator of CAF hyperproliferation within the tumor mass, which in turn magnifies CAF-induced pro-invasive effects on tumor cells.
Multi-level processing of emotions in life motion signals revealed through pupil responses

Perceiving emotions from the movements of other biological entities is critical for human survival and interpersonal interactions. Here, we report that emotional information conveyed by point-light biological motion (BM) triggered automatic physiological responses as reflected in pupil size. Specifically, happy BM evoked larger pupil size than neutral and sad BM, while sad BM induced a smaller pupil response than neutral BM. Moreover, this happy over sad pupil dilation effect is negatively correlated with individual autistic traits. Notably, emotional BM with only local motion features retained could also exert modulations on pupils. Compared with intact BM, both happy and sad local BM evoked stronger pupil responses than neutral local BM starting from an earlier timepoint, with no difference between the happy and sad conditions. These results revealed a fine-grained pupil-related emotional modulation induced by intact BM and a coarse but rapid modulation by local BM, demonstrating multi-level processing of emotions in life motion signals. Taken together, our findings shed new light on the mechanisms underlying BM emotion processing, and highlight the potential of utilizing the emotion-modulated pupil response to facilitate the diagnosis of social cognitive disorders.
Fast Reachability Using DAG Decomposition

We present a fast and practical algorithm to compute the transitive closure (TC) of a directed graph. It is based on computing a reachability indexing scheme of a directed acyclic graph (DAG), G = ( V, E ). Given any path/chain decomposition of G we show how to compute in parameterized linear time such a reachability scheme that can answer reachability queries in constant time. The experimental results reveal that our method is significantly faster in practice than the theoretical bounds imply, indicating that path/chain decomposition algorithms can be applied to obtain fast and practical solutions to the transitive closure (TC) problem. Furthermore, we show that the number of non-transitive edges of a DAG G is ≤ width ∗ | V | and that we can find a substantially large subset of the transitive edges of G in linear time using a path/chain decomposition. Our extensive experimental results show the interplay between these concepts in various models of DAGs. 2012 ACM Subject Classification Theory of computation → Theory and algorithms for application domains; Theory of computation → Design and analysis of algorithms
A Median Filtering Method for Pulse Noise Detection

This paper presents a method for detecting image impulse noise and using median filter to filter out impulse noise according to the test results. The method will contain the subspace of the subimage of the impulsive noise, and the kernel function is mapped into a hypersphere in the high dimensional space, and the radius R of the sphere and the corresponding spherical vector a are calculated. The median filter method is used to filter the detected noise points. The proposed algorithm is more accurate in judging noise, and the way to filter noise is more reasonable. The applicable image range is more extensive and has better filtering performance. Keywords-Impulse Noise; Noise Detection; Kernel Function; Median Filter (MF)
The Role of Ice Microphysics Parametrizations in Determining the Prevalence of Supercooled Liquid Water in High-Resolution Simulations of a Southern Ocean Midlatitude Cyclone

AbstractHigh-resolution simulations of a Southern Ocean cyclone are compared to satellite-derived observations of liquid water path, cloud-top properties, and top-of-atmosphere radiative fluxes. The focus is on the cold-air-outflow region, where there are contributions to the hydrological budget from the microphysical growth of ice particles by riming and vapor deposition and transport by turbulent mixing. The sensitivity of the simulation to the parameterization of these processes is tested and the relative importance of ice-nucleation temperature is identified. It is shown that ice-phase microphysics is a key factor determining the phase composition of Southern Ocean clouds and physically reasonable parameterization changes are identified that affect the liquid water content of these clouds. The information gained from the sensitivity tests is applied to global model development, where it is shown that a modification to the riming parameterization improves climate mean-state biases in the Southern Ocean.
Microphysical Properties of Snow and Their Link to Ze–S Relations during BAECC 2014

AbstractThis study uses snow events from the Biogenic Aerosols–Effects on Clouds and Climate (BAECC) 2014 campaign to investigate the connection between properties of snow and radar observations. The general hydrodynamic theory is applied to video-disdrometer measurements to retrieve masses of falling ice particles. Errors associated with the observation geometry and the measured particle size distribution (PSD) are addressed by devising a simple correction procedure. The value of the correction factor is determined by comparison of the retrieved precipitation accumulation with weighing-gauge measurements. Derived mass–dimensional relations are represented in the power-law form m = . It is shown that the retrieved prefactor am and exponent bm react to changes in prevailing microphysical processes. From the derived microphysical properties, event-specific relations between the equivalent reflectivity factor Ze and snowfall precipitation rate S (Ze = ) are determined. For the studied events, the prefactor o.
GeneticContributionstoLong-RangeTemporalCorrelations inOngoingOscillations

dizygotictwinsandinvestigatedthetemporalstructureofongoingoscillationsinthealpha-andbeta-frequencybandsusingdetrended fluctuationanalysis(DFA). ThestrengthofLRTCwasmorehighlycorrelatedinmonozygoticthanindizygotictwins.Statisticalanalysis attributed up to 60% of the variance in DFA to genetic factors, indicating a high heritability for the temporal structure of amplitude fluctuations in EEG oscillations. Importantly, the DFA and EEG power were uncorrelated. LRTC in ongoing oscillations are robust, heritable,andindependentofpower,suggestingthatLRTCandoscillationpoweraregovernedbydistinctbiophysicalmechanismsand serve different functions in the brain. We propose that the DFA method is an important complement to classical spectral analysis in fundamentalandclinicalresearchonongoingoscillations.
A New Law of Kinematics

Three laws of kinematics are identified. The first two were already known, and are presented with a slightly different perspective. However, the third law of kinematics is a new law of nature. And it states: for every elastic collisions, a free body with the higher kinetic energy can only gain energy from another body with lower kinetic energy, and the lower kinetic energy body will always gain energy from the higher kinetic energy body. Moreover, under general considerations from the theory of Special Relativity, a particle can decay into other particles only if there is a source of positive energy necessary to insure that the new particles have positive kinetic energy, which is why E=mc2 provides the source of this positive energy in the form of mass conversion into energy. Also this new kinematics leads to the reformulation of the 2nd law of thermodynamics which can now explain why heat only flows from a hot body to a cold body, and never the other way around, that a system left on its own will see its disorder increase in time, and that the entropy as defined according to Boltzmann tends to increase. The insight that we gain from this deeper concept which underlies the new law of kinematics and the reformulation of the second law of thermodynamics is that vacuum energy is a necessary condition for particles to pop out of the vacuum. However, this spells trouble for Hawking radiation as it has been formulated - it would lead to a violation of this new kinematics law. Surprisingly this new law of kinematics also sheds new insights into Planck’s ad hoc hypothesis, E = ħω, and why energy must be quantized. As a general conclusion, every dynamical theory must reconcile with this new kinematics.
Exploring Penetration Ability of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor–Loaded Ultradeformable Bilosome for Effective Ocular Application

Brinzolamide is an effective carbonic anhydrase inhibitor widely used in glaucoma therapy but limits its application due to inadequate aqueous solubility and permeability. The aim of the present research work is the development and characterization of brinzolamide-loaded ultradeformable bilosomes to enhance the corneal permeation of the drug. These ultradeformable bilosomes were prepared by ethanol injection method and evaluated for physicochemical properties, particle size, morphology, drug release, ultra-deformability, corneal permeation, and irritation potential. The optimized formulation exhibited an average particle size of 205.4 ± 2.04 nm with mono-dispersity (0.109 ± 0.002) and showed entrapment efficiency of 75.02 ± 0.017%, deformability index of 3.91, and release the drug in a sustained manner. The brinzolamide-loaded ultradeformable bilosomes released 76.29 ± 3.77% of the drug in 10 h that is 2.25 times higher than the free drug solution. The bilosomes were found non-irritant to eyes with a potential irritancy score of 0 in Hen’s egg-chorioallantoic membrane assay. Brinzolamide-loaded ultradeformable bilosomes showed 83.09 ± 5.1% of permeation in 6 h and trans-corneal permeability of 8.78 ± 0.14 cm/h during the ex vivo permeation study. The acquired findings clearly revealed that the brinzolamide-loaded ultradeformable bilosomes show promising output and are useful in glaucoma therapy.
Limitations and Opportunities for Optical Metafluids To Achieve an Unnatural Refractive Index

Optical metafluids have held a special position among the platforms of metamaterials, because other than the lithography-based hard approaches, the soft fluidity-based solution process not only enables their immediate practical utility but also allows for reconfigurable and adaptable nanophotonic systems. However, the fundamental limits of the available effective parameters of optical metafluids are not yet clearly defined. Of particular interest is the accessible range of the refractive index under a practically available volume fraction ϕ and the structural motifs of building blocks. In addition, previously reported theoretical works are based on an effective medium theory that excludes dipolar coupling between building blocks. Using these initial approaches, the interaction between the building blocks at a relatively higher ϕ was not accurately rationalized. In this work, we advance an effective medium theory by using the 3D dressed polarizability. Then, we successfully rationalize the dipolar coupling.
Optimal asymptotic tests of composite hypotheses for continuous time stochastic processes

Consider a stochastic process {X t , t ≥ O} whose distributions depend on an unknown parameter (γ,θ). A locally asymptotically most powerful test, for testing the composite hypothesis H 0 : γ = γ 0 against H 1 : γ ≠ γ 0 in the presence of a nuisance parameter θ is developed following the concept of C(α)-tests introduced by Neyman. Results are illustrated by means of example of process {X(t),t ≥ 0} satisfying the linear stochastic differential equation dX(t) = (γX(t) + θ)dt+dW(t),t ≥ 0.