Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sequence Stratigraphy Interpretation of the Central Shelf Area, Offshore Louisiana: ABSTRACT

Sequence stratigraphy methods are demonstrated on a Halliburton regional seismic line and several well logs near the Eugene Island-Ship Shoal border off the central Louisiana shelf area of the Gulf of Mexico. The example shows five sequences of Pliocene-Pleistocene age interpreted by synthesizing log character, biostratigraphy and seismic character. These sequences show the complete range of shallow water to deeper water systems tracts, demonstrating a significant presence of lowstand wedge sediments high onto the present-day shelf. The study area shows exceptional development of the transgressive systems tract between the 2.4 and 3.0-m.y. sequence boundaries. This is evidenced by apparent truncation on seismic and corresponds to an overall shaly unit which contains several parasequences identified in well logs. The individual sands of the parasequences are easily correlated from well to well. The Lenticulina 1 paleo picks fluctuate between the 1.6 and 2.4-m.y. sequences but generally occur near the top of the 2.4- m.y. transgression. The 2.4-m.y. sequence boundary is deeply incised and filled with lowstand wedge prograding sands and shales. The 3.0, 3.8, and 4.2-m.y. sequences show an increasing thickness of lowstand wedge sediments and mounded slope fan seismic character with some channelized gull wing development. Several sands with blocky logmore » character are interpreted as channelized portions of the slope fan. Updip along the sequence boundary, the proximal slope fan seismic facies character becomes dominant, i.e., much more laterally continuous seismic reflectors with few mounds. « less
Essays on Family Structure and Marriage in Sub

The three essays in this dissertation examine issues related to family structure and marriage in Sub-Saharan Africa. The first two essays explore how family structures influence children's outcomes. The third essay focuses on the data quality of marriage histories collected in a longitudinal survey. The first essay examines whether the timing and type of orphanhood is associated with early sexual debut and early marriage among 12-19-year-old adolescents in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Malawi, and Uganda. I also test whether education mediates orphans' risk of early sexual initiation and early marriage. Discrete-time event history models suggest that female double orphans, regardless of timing of orphanhood, have greater odds of early sexual debut than do nonorphans. Education explains little of their increased risk. In contrast, male orphans of any type reveal no increased vulnerability to early sexual debut. Uganda is the only country where female orphans, specifically double orphans and those who are paternal orphans before age 10, have greater odds of early marriage, with education accounting for a small portion of the risk. The second essay investigates the relationship between parental divorce and children's schooling in rural Malawi. Child fixed effects regression models are used to control for unobserved heterogeneity that could affect both parental divorce and children's schooling. Results suggest that children from divorced marriages have completed, on average, fewer grades of schooling than children from intact marriages. No differences in current school enrollment and schooling gap (among children currently in school) are found by parents' marriage status. The third essay measures the reliability of marriage histories collected in two waves of the Malawi Longitudinal Study of Families and Health. Multivariate regression analyses are used to examine the characteristics associated with misreporting marriages and dates of marriage. Paired and unpaired statistical tests assess whether marriage indicators are affected by misreporting. Results indicate that a significant proportion of marriages are underreported and that misreporting is not random. Several individual, marriage, and survey-related characteristics are associated with underreporting marriages and misreporting marriage dates. I also find that misreporting leads to biased marriage indicators. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Demography First Advisor Hans-Peter Kohler
Application of conditional probability analysis to the clinical diagnosis of coronary artery disease.

Analysis of multiple noninvasive tests offers the promise of more accurate diagnosis of coronary artery disease, but discordant test responses can occur frequently and, when observed, result in diagnostic uncertainty. Accordingly, 43 patients undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography were evaluated by noninvasive testing and the results subjected to analysis using Bayes' theorem of conditional probability. The procedures used included electrocardiographic stress testing for detection of exercise-induced ST segment depression, cardiokymographic stress testing for detection of exercise-induced precordial dyskinesis, myocardial perfusion scintigraphy for detection of exercise-induced relative regional hypoperfusion, and cardiac fluoroscopy for detection of coronary artery calcification. The probability for coronary artery disease was estimated by Bayes' theorem from each patient's age, sex, and symptom classification, and from the observed test responses. This analysis revealed a significant linear correlation between the predicted probability for coronary artery disease and the observed prevalence of angiographic disease over the entire range of probability from 0 to 100% (P less than 0.001 by linear regression). The 12 patients without angiographic disease had a mean posttest likelihood of only 7.0 +/- 2.6% despite the fact that 13 of the 60 historical and test responses were falsely "positive. " In contrast, the mean posttest likelihood was 94.1 +/- 2.8% in the 31 patients with angiographic coronary artery disease, although 45 of the 155 historical and test responses were falsely "negative. " In 8 of the 12 normal patients, the final posttest likelihood was under 10% and in 26 of the 31 coronary artery disease patients, it was over 90%. These estimates also correlated well with the pooled clinical judgment of five experienced cardiologists (P less than 0.001 by linear regression). The observed change in probability for disease for each of the 15 different test combinations correlated with their information content predicted according to Shannon's theorem (P less than 0.001 by linear regression). These results support the use of probability analysis in the clinical diagnosis of coronary artery disease and provide a formal basis for comparing the relative diagnostic effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of different test combinations.
Information Engineering : Object-Oriented Design and Analyses ∗ Chapter 2 : Object-Oriented Programming and Databases

4 Object-Oriented Programming Concepts 12 4.1 The C++ Programming Language . 13 4.1. 1 The Syntax/Semantics of C++ Classes . 13 4.1. 2 The Role of the Constructor/Destructor . 15 4.1. 3 Support for Hiding . 17 4.1. 4 Overloading . 17 4.1. 5 The Static Storage Class . 18 4.1. 6 Two Kinds of Inheritance . 19 4.1. 7 Single vs. Multiple Inheritance . 21 4.1. 8 Dispatching with Virtual Functions . 22 4.1. 9 Friends (and Neighbors? ) . 24 4.1. 10 Abstract Classes . 27 4.1. 11 Parameterized Types . 28 4.2 The Ada95 Programming Language . 30
NUCLECACID MOLECULES ENCODING HUMANIZED ANTIBODY MOLECULES SPECIFC FOR L-31

from The American Society of Human Genetics Meeting, Nov. 7, 2003 on Gene Structure and Function. Aioi, A. et al., Br J. Dermatol 144(1):12-18, 2001. Akdis, C.A. et al., J. Invest. Dermatol. 113(4) 628-34, 1999. Aleksza, M. et al., Br. J. Dermatol. 147(6): 1135-41, 2002. Antunez, C. et al., Clin. Exp. Allergy 34(4) 559-66, 2004. Asadullah, K. et al., Arch. Dermatol 138(9): 1189-96, 2002. Askenase, P.W. , Chem. Immunol. 78:1 12-23, 2000. Aurelian et al., “Herpes simplex virus (HSV)-associated erythema multiforme (HAEM): a viral disease with an autoimmune compo nent. ” Dermatol Online J. 9(1): 1. Abstract Only, 2003. (Continued) Primary Examiner — Elizabeth C Kemmerer (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — Brian J. Walsh: Robyn Adams
An assessment of investigations for evacuatory dysfunction

S 1. Palit, S. , Thin, N. N. , Knowles, C. H. & Scott, S. M. 2011. Prospective comparison of balloon expulsion, anorectal manometry and evacuation proctography for the diagnosis of rectal evacuatory disorder. Gastroenterology, 140, S-609. 2. Palit, S. , Thin, N. N. , Knowles, C. H. , Scott, S. M. & Lunniss, P. J. 2012. Prospective comparison of balloon expulsion, anorectal manometry and evacuation proctography for the diagnosis of evacuatory dysfunction. British Journal of Surgery, 99,S4, 6-40. 2. Brokjaer, A. , Scott, S. M. , Palit, S. & Zarate, N. 2012. Assessment of Anorectal Function in Asymptomatic Volunteers Using a New High Resolution Manometric Recording System. Gastroenterology, 142, S-904. 3. Palit, S. , Thin, N. N. , Knowles, C. H. , Scott, S. M. & Lunniss, P. J. 2012b. Prospective comparison of balloon expulsion, anorectalmanometry and evacuation proctography for the diagnosis of evacuatory dysfunction. Neurogastroenterology & Motility, 24,S2, 111. S. Palit; MD (Res) Thesis 2015 7 PRESENTATIONS TO LEARNED SOCIETIES 1. Prospective comparison of balloon expulsion, anorectal manometry and evacuation proctography for the diagnosis of rectal evacuatory disorder. Palit, S. , Thin, N. N. , Knowles, C. H. , Scott, S. M. , Lunniss, P.J. Digestive Diseases Week, Chicago, Illinois, USA, May 2011. 2. Prospective comparison of balloon expulsion, anorectal manometry and evacuation proctography for the diagnosis of rectal evacuatory disorder. Palit, S. , Thin, N. N. , Knowles, C. H. , Scott, S. M. , Lunniss, P.J. The Royal Society of Medicine (RSM) short papers meeting London, UK, November 2011. 3. Prospective comparison of balloon expulsion, anorectal manometry and evacuation proctography for the diagnosis of rectal evacuatory disorder. Palit, S. , Thin, N. N. , Knowles, C. H. , Scott, S. M. & Lunniss, P. J. Society of Academic and Research Surgeons (SARS) meeting, Nottingham, UK, January 2012. 4. Prospective comparison of balloon expulsion, anorectal manometry and evacuation proctography for the diagnosis of rectal evacuatory disorder. Palit, S. , Thin, N. N. , Knowles, C. H. , Scott, S. M. & Lunniss, P. J. Joint International Neurogastroenterology and Motility Meeting, Bologna, Italy, September 2012 S. Palit; MD (Res) Thesis 2015
Skin sodium is increased in male patients with multiple sclerosis and related animal models

Significance Our data add to the recently identified importance of the skin as a storage compartment of sodium. We found a higher sodium MRI (23Na-MRI) signal in the skin of male multiple sclerosis (MS) patients compared to matched healthy controls as well as in the animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Considering the salt effects on macrophage and T-cell immunology during MS and the persisting challenge to accurately determine the actual sodium load via salt excretion, the noninvasive determination of sodium by 23Na-MRI analysis of the skin may represent an important method for further investigations on sodium and MS risk. Novel MRI techniques allow a noninvasive quantification of tissue sodium and reveal the skin as a prominent compartment of sodium storage in health and disease. Since multiple sclerosis (MS) immunopathology is initiated in the periphery and increased sodium concentrations induce proinflammatory immune cells, the skin represents a promising compartment linking high sodium concentrations and MS immunopathology. We used a 7-T sodium MRI (23Na-MRI) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to investigate the skin sodium content in two mouse models of MS. We additionally performed 3-T 23Na-MRI of calf skin and muscles in 29 male relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients and 29 matched healthy controls. Demographic and clinical information was collected from interviews, and disease activity was assessed by expanded disability status scale scoring. 23Na-MRI and chemical analysis demonstrated a significantly increased sodium content in the skin during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis independent of active immunization. In male patients with RRMS, 23Na-MRI demonstrated a higher sodium signal in the area of the skin compared to age- and biological sex-matched healthy controls with higher sodium, predicting future disease activity in cranial MRI. In both studies, the sodium enrichment was specific to the skin, as we found no alterations of sodium signals in the muscle or other tissues. Our data add to the recently identified importance of the skin as a storage compartment of sodium and may further represent an important organ for future investigations on salt as a proinflammatory agent driving autoimmune neuroinflammation such as that in MS.
CoMeT: An Integrated Interval Thermal Simulation Toolchain for 2D, 2.5D, and 3D Processor-Memory Systems

Processing cores and the accompanying main memory working in tandem enable modern processors. Dissipating heat produced from computation remains a significant problem for processors. Therefore, the thermal management of processors continues to be an active subject of research. Most thermal management research is performed using simulations, given the challenges in measuring temperatures in real processors. Fast yet accurate interval thermal simulation toolchains remain the research tool of choice to study thermal management in processors at the system level. However, the existing toolchains focus on the thermal management of cores in the processors, since they exhibit much higher power densities than memory. The memory bandwidth limitations associated with 2D processors lead to high-density 2.5D and 3D packaging technology: 2.5D packaging technology places cores and memory on the same package; 3D packaging technology takes it further by stacking layers of memory on the top of cores themselves. These new packagings significantly increase the power density of the processors, making them prone to overheating. Therefore, mitigating thermal issues in high-density processors (packaged with stacked memory) becomes even more pressing. However, given the lack of thermal modeling for memories in existing interval thermal simulation toolchains, they are unsuitable for studying thermal management for high-density processors. To address this issue, we present the first integrated Core and Memory interval Thermal (CoMeT) simulation toolchain. CoMeT comprehensively supports thermal simulation of high- and low-density processors corresponding to four different core-memory (integration) configurations—off-chip DDR memory, off-chip 3D memory, 2.5D, and 3D. CoMeT supports several novel features that facilitate overlying system research. CoMeT adds only an additional ~5% simulation-time overhead compared to an equivalent state-of-the-art core-only toolchain. The source code of CoMeT has been made open for public use under the MIT license.
Relationship between Variations in the Accumulated Workload and the Change of Direction Ability in Elite Young Soccer Players

Background: The main aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships between training workload (WL) parameters with variations in the change of direction (COD) in under-16 soccer players. Methods: Twenty-seven under-16 elite soccer players were daily monitored for their WL across 15 weeks during the competitive soccer season. Additionally, players were assessed two times for anthropometric measures (weight, height, sitting height and leg length), COD performance (modified 505 test) and maturity offset measured using the peak height velocity (PHV). Results: A correlational analysis was performed to determine the relationship between the variation in COD performance and accumulated WL parameters. Moreover, a regression analysis was executed to explain the variations in the percentage of COD performance considering the accumulated WL parameters and PHV of the season (r = 0.93; p ≤ 0.01) and training monotony during the early-season (r = 0.53; p ≤ 0.05). There were associations between the acute workload during the start of the season and the COD during the end of the season (r = 0.47; p ≤ 0.05). The multiple linear regression analysis showed that 55% of the variation in COD performance between the early and end of season could be explained by the acute or chronic WL, training monotony or strain and the PHV. Conclusions: This information might be useful for practitioners and coaches aiming to improve the COD performance in youth soccer players during an entire competitive season.
Will a RadiolabeledAntibody Replacelndium-111-Plateletsto DetectActive Thrombus? specificity,

platelets have provided physiologic data of platelet survival and sequestra tion, affording useful data for thera peutic decisions in patients with low platelet counts (2-5). Indium-Ill platelets have also provided a physio logic imaging technique to assess platelet deposition at atherosclerotic plaques (6,7), at angioplasty sites (8,9), and in vascular grafts (9,70), as well as to detect active arterial and venous thrombi (11-16). Nevertheless, a less cumbersome, noninvusive imaging test that can di agnose active thrombi amenable to an ticoagulant and/or thromborytic ther apy is needed. Currently, the use of labeled platelets is the only FDA-ap proved functional imaging technique for detection of active thrombus for mation. The labeling procedure re quires up to 2 hr, and imaging delays of 6-24 hr for venous thrombi and 3-4 days for arterial thrombi are required to achieve diagnostic results with out using background subtraction (9,15,16). Therefore, a rapid and spe cific imaging technique is needed to provide a more practical clinical test. There are several labeled monoclo nal antibodies (Mabs) specific for plate lets and fibrin that have been evaluated as thrombus imaging agents, and some have undergone clinical trials (17-31). Other articles have discussed some of these thrombus-specific antibod ies (21,32,33). The type of investiga-
S1 Text – Supplementary Information: Suprathreshold perceptual decisions constrain models of conﬁdence

confidence . 12 11 2.2 Qualitative comparison of the models . 14 12 2.3 Results of model variants . 16 13 2.4 Examining the Heuristic-model coefficients from the simulated datasets . 17 14 2.5 Confidence agreement behaviour and model predictions . 18 15
Piccoliite, NaCaMn3+2(AsO4)2O(OH), a new arsenate from the manganese deposits of Montaldo di Mondovì and Valletta, Piedmont, Italy

Abstract Piccoliite, ideally NaCaMn3+2(AsO4)2O(OH), is a new mineral discovered in the Fe–Mn ore hosted in metaquartzites of the Montaldo di Mondovì mine, Corsaglia Valley, Cuneo Province, Piedmont, Italy. It occurs as small and rare black crystals and aggregates hosted by a matrix of quartz, associated with calcite and berzeliite/manganberzeliite. It has been also found in the Valletta mine near Canosio, Maira Valley, Cuneo Province, Piedmont, Italy, where it occurs embedded in quartz associated with grandaite, hematite, tilasite/adelite and rarely thorianite. The mineral is opaque (thin splinters may be very dark red), with brown streak and has a resinous to vitreous lustre. It is brittle with irregular fracture. No cleavage has been observed. The measured Mohs hardness is ~5–5.5. Piccoliite is non fluorescent. The calculated density is 4.08 g⋅cm–3. Chemical spot analyses by electron microprobe analysis using wavelength dispersive spectroscopy resulted in the empirical formula (based on 10 anions per formula unit) (Na0.64Ca0.35)Σ0. 99(Ca0.75Na0.24)Σ0. 99(Mn3+1.08Fe3+0.59Mg0.20Ca0.10)Σ1. 97(As2.03V0.03Si0.01)Σ2. 07O9(OH) and (Na0.53Ca0.47)Σ1. 00(Ca0.76Na0.23Sr0.01)Σ1. 00(Mn3+0.63Fe3+0.49Mg0.48Mn4+0.34Ca0.06)Σ2. 00(As1.97P0.01Si0.01)Σ1. 99O9(OH) for the Montaldo di Mondovì and Valletta samples, respectively. The mineral is orthorhombic, Pbcm, with single-crystal unit-cell parameters a = 8.8761(9), b = 7.5190(8), c = 11.689(1) Å and V = 780.1(1) Å3 (Montaldo di Mondovì sample) and a = 8.8889(2), b = 7.5269(1), c = 11.6795(2) Å, V = 781.43(2) Å3 (Valletta sample) with Z = 4. The seven strongest powder X-ray diffraction lines for the sample from Montaldo di Mondovì are [d Å (Irel; hkl)]: 4.85 (57; 102), 3.470 (59; 120, 113), 3.167 (100; 022), 2.742 (30; 310, 213), 2.683 (53; 311, 023), 2.580 (50; 222, 114) and 2.325 (19; 320, 214, 223). The crystal structure (R1 = 0.0250 for 1554 unique reflections for the Montaldo di Mondovì sample and 0.0260 for 3242 unique reflections for the Valletta sample) has MnO5(OH) octahedra forming edge-shared dimers; these dimers are connected through corner-sharing, forming two-up-two-down [[6]M2([4]TO4)4φ2] chains [M = Mn; T = As; φ = O(OH)] running along [001]. These chains are bonded in the a and b directions by sharing corners with AsO4 tetrahedra, giving rise to a framework of tetrahedra and octahedra hosting seven-coordinated Ca2+ and Na+ cations. The crystal structure of piccoliite is closely related to that of pilawite-(Y) as well as to carminite-group minerals that also show the same type of chains but with different linkage. The mineral is named after the mineral collectors Gian Paolo Piccoli and Gian Carlo Piccoli (father and son) (1926–1996 and b. 1953, respectively), the latter having discovered the type material at the Montaldo di Mondovì mine.
Signal transduction in guard cells.

INTRODUCTION . 345 ION TRANSPORT MECHANISMS AND CARBON METABOLISM . 348 Stomatal Opening . 348 Stomatal Closure . 3 5 1 LOCAL AND SECOND MESSENGERS . 353 Calcium . 354 pH . 358
Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection of Deeply Invasive Colorectal Cancers Using the Pocket-Creation Method: Analysis of Vertical Margins

Background and aims The standard treatment for stage T1b colorectal cancers with 1,000µm or greater submucosal invasion is surgical resection. However, the risk of lymph node metastases is only 1-2% when excluding risk factors for metastases other than depth of submucosal invasion. The number of elderly patients with significant comorbidities is increasing with societal aging in Japan. Therefore, local endoscopic resection of T1b colorectal cancers needs more consideration in the future. We previously showed that the pocket-creation method (PCM) for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is useful regardless of the morphology, including large sessile tumors with submucosal fibrosis, or location of the colorectal tumor. However, some T1b colorectal cancers have pathologically positive margins even when using the PCM. We retrospectively investigated the causes of failure to achieve negative vertical margins. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 953 colorectal tumors in 886 patients resected with the PCM. Finally, 65 pathological T1b colorectal cancers after en bloc resection were included in this study. ESD specimens and recorded procedure videos of T1b cancer resections with pathologically positive vertical margins were reviewed. Results The 65 cancers were divided into positive vertical margin (VM+ group) and negative vertical margin (VM- group) groups with 10 [10/65 (15%)] and 55 [55/65 (85%)] patients in each group, respectively. There was a significant difference in the rate of submucosal fibrosis (P=0.012) and dissection speed (P=0.044). There were no significant differences between the two groups in other regards. When verifying 8/10 available videos in the VM+ group, endoscopic technical factors led to positive vertical margins in five patients, and essential pathological factors of ESD led to positive vertical margins in the other three. Six of these eight patients underwent additional surgical resection. No residual tumor was identified in six T1b cancers. None of these six resected specimens contained lymph node metastases on pathological examination. Conclusion The PCM resulted in a high rate of negative-vertical-margin resections. The PCM resulted in complete resection of T1b cancers when examining additional surgical specimens. ESD using the PCM is a viable option for the endoscopic treatment of T1b colorectal cancers.