Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Ethernet based protocol interface for compact data acquisition systems

The Ethernet Packet Proxy (EPPRO) is a dedicated network protocol and software suit for data acquisition with a compact system on Linux machines. Together with other Ethernet protocols like the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) or even the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) it utilizes the IEEE standard Ethernet frames for the data transmission, but the EPPRO has been optimised for point to point connections with the highest possible payload. Moreover it supports the packet prioritization and well optimised data storage mechanisms. Its implementation in hardware is streamlined because most of the tasks have been moved to the PC software. The system has been successfully implemented and its throughput and reliability measured.
L∞ Layers and the Probability of False Prediction

Abstract In this paper, we consider the L ∞ criterion of best fit for identifying linear regression models from data. This criterion has much appeal as it protects against the worst since it selects the regression model that minimizes the largest deviation from observations. Moreover, based on the obtained optimal loss, one can build prediction intervals, as opposed to single prediction values, which are guaranteed to contain newly generated output values with high probability. Our main result is the exact quantification of the probability of making a false prediction valid in conditions of independent and stationary observations, a result that provides an exhaustive characterization of the confidence of prediction based on L ∞ regression models. It turns out that this false prediction probability is independent of the mechanism through which observations are generated. This result bears implications on the possibility of obtaining general and non-conservative evaluations for the probability of false prediction with no a-priori knowledge of the data generation mechanism properties.
SYNTHESIS OF AN IONIC LIQUID-BASED MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL FLUID DISPERSING Fe84Nb3V4B9 NANOCRYSTALLINE POWDERS

A new magnetorheological (MR) fluid was synthesized by dispersing Fe84Nb3V4B9 nanocrystalline powders in a nonvolatile ionic liquid (N,N-diethyl-N-methyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl) ammonium tetrafluoroborate), which is stable from 282K to 573K. The structure, morphology, and magnetization of Fe84Nb3V4B9 nanocrystalline powders prepared by mechanical alloying were analyzed by using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and a scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The magnetic clusters of the synthesized MR fluid were observed by using a digital microscope, and its MR properties were measured by using a cone-plate type viscometer. The experimental results showed that Fe84Nb3V4B9 nanocrystalline powders with an average grain size of 10–20 nm can be prepared by mechanical alloying. The MR fluid is magnetic-field-responsive, behaves like non-Newtonian fluids, and its magnetorheological properties are influenced by the applied magnetic flux density and the width of magnetic clusters.
A Modified Approach to Initialize an Idealized Extratropical Cyclone within a Mesoscale Model

Abstract A technique for initializing realistic idealized extratropical cyclones for short-term (0–72 h) numerical simulations is described. The approach modifies select methods from two previous studies to provide more control over the initial cyclone structure. Additional features added to the technique include 1) deformation functions to initialize more realistic low-level fronts, tropopause structure, and enhanced jet maximum at upper levels; 2) a barotropic shear function to help develop different cyclone and frontal geometries; and 3) damping functions to create an isolated baroclinic wave in the horizontal; therefore, the initialized cyclone is not influenced by the domain boundaries for relatively short simulations. Since this procedure allows for control of the initialized cyclone structures, it may be useful for studies of frontal and cyclone interaction with topography and mesoscale predictability. The initialization system produces a variety of basic states and synoptic disturbances, ranging f.
Error Statistics of VPR Corrections in Stratiform Precipitation

Abstract Errors in surface rainfall estimates that are caused by ignoring the vertical profile of reflectivity (VPR) and range effects have been assessed by simulating how fine-resolution 3D reflectivity measurements at close ranges are sampled by the radar at various ranges and heights. Uncorrected and corrected accumulations from 33 events of mainly stratiform precipitation, with a recognizable melting layer for over 250 h, have been generated using two basic procedures: (a) the “near range” or “inner” VPR and (b) the intensity-dependent “climatological” VPR. The root-mean-square (rms) error structure has been derived as a function of height and range, for accumulations ranging from 5 min to 2 h, for various brightband heights and verification areas. However, it is the errors along the lowest default height that are most relevant. The stratification of the results by the height of the bright band is essential to understand the influence of the bright band with range. The largest errors (>100% at near ra.
The field and radiation impedance of mechanical radiators on the free surface of a semi-infinite isotropic solid

Definite integral representations are obtained for the field at an arbitrary point in a semi infinite solid, due to stresses on the free surface which vary sinusoidally with time. From these integrals, asymptotic expressions have been obtained for the field at infinity in the solid, and polar diagrams showing the variation of field strength with direction are given. Integrals are also found for the mean displacement over the externally stressed region of the surface, and these have been evaluated numerically in a number of cases to obtain the radiation impedance of the sources represented by such stress systems.
Lattice dynamics of III–V compounds

The lattice dynamics of III–V compounds has been investigated on a 'rigid ion' type of model. The interactions are assumed to consist of Coulomb forces with an effective charge and a general force constant field up to and including second neighbors. Results are presented for the dispersion curves, frequency distribution functions, and effective calorimetric and X-ray Debye temperatures for AlSb, GaP, GaAs, and InSb. The agreement with the experimental data, where available, is reasonable.
Handling changes of performance requirements in multi-objective problems

In this paper, the need for rapid, low-cost changes in a design, in response to changes in performance requirements (PRs), within multi-objective problems, is considered. In the current study, the rapid response is attained through a priori design of a set of satisfying solutions, such that any PR may be satisfied by at least one member of the set. The purpose is to design such a set so that once the PRs change, the changes needed in order to adapt to the existing product (one member of the set) to the new requirements are minimal, while maintaining the aspiration for optimal performances. It is assumed here that minimal changes are related to small changes in the design parameters. In order to find the optimal set, sets of candidate solutions are evolved using an evolutionary multi-objective optimisation algorithm. The algorithm enhances a search pressure towards sets with minimal distances between their members (in design space) and with optimal performances, which are assessed by utilising the hyper-volume measure. An artificial and a real life example are utilised in order to explain the approach and to show its applicability to engineering problems.
Longitudinal–transverse aerodynamic force in viscous compressible complex flow

Abstract We report our systematic development of a general and exact theory for diagnosis of total force and moment exerted on a generic body moving and deforming in a calorically perfect gas. The total force and moment consist of a longitudinal part (L-force) due to compressibility and irreversible thermodynamics, and a transverse part (T-force) due to shearing. The latter exists in incompressible flow but is now modulated by the former. The theory represents a full extension of a unified incompressible diagnosis theory of the same type developed by J. Z. Wu and coworkers to compressible flow, with Mach number ranging from low-subsonic to moderate-supersonic flows. Combined with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation, the theory permits quantitative identification of various complex flow structures and processes responsible for the forces, and thereby enables rational optimal configuration design and flow control. The theory is confirmed by a numerical simulation of circular-cylinder flow in the range of free-stream Mach number $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}M_{\infty }$ between 0.2 and 2.0. The L-drag and T-drag of the cylinder vary with $M_{\infty }$ in different ways, the underlying physical mechanisms of which are analysed. Moreover, each L-force and T-force integrand contains a universal factor of local Mach number $M$ . Our preliminary tests suggest that the possibility of finding new similarity rules for each force constituent could be quite promising.
Temperature solver for highly nonlinear ferromagnetic materials for thin moving sheets in transversal flux induction heating

In this paper, a successive iteration method has been applied to a highly nonlinear temperature problem. The nonlinearity arises from the specific heat of ferromagnetic materials. These materials are heat treated in transversal flux inductive heating devices (TFIH) as thin strips. The convergence behavior is examined and compared to the classical Newton-Raphson scheme. Additionally, a method will be presented which takes phase change energies of the material into account.
Wetting: statics and dynamics

The wetting of solids by liquids is connected to physical chemistry (wettability), to statistical physics (pinning of the contact line, wetting transitions, etc.), to long-range forces (van der Waals, double layers), and to fluid dynamics. The present review represents an attempt towards a unified picture with special emphasis on certain features of "dry spreading": (a) the final state of a spreading droplet need not be a monomolecular film; (b) the spreading drop is surrounded by a precursor film, where most of the available free energy is spent; and (c) polymer melts may slip on the solid and belong to a separate dynamical class, conceptually related to the spreading of superfluids.
Infrared absorption and liquid water content in stratocumulus clouds

Simultaneous measurements of narrow-beam vertical infrared radiance (10–12μm), cloud dropsize distributions, temperature and humidity in some stratocumulus clouds are reported. Cloud volume absorption coefficients calculated from mean dropsize distributions are found to be well correlated with the cloud liquid water content. Values of cloud volume absorption coefficient are found to vary from 2 to 20 km−1 for a range in liquid water content from 0.02 to 0.27gm−3. The equivalent variation in cloud mass absorption coefficient is from 700 to 1030g−1 cm2, with a mean value for all clouds of 765g−1 cm2. From the radiance measurements the clouds are found to become ‘black’ for depths ranging from about 100 to 450m. The variation of measured cloud emissivity with liquid water mass is found to be consistent, within the observed variabilities of the clouds, with the emissivities calculated from the above mean absorption coefficient. The results are compared with earlier flux measurements.
Monochromatic tree covers for multicoloured graphs

We propose a variant of tree cover numbers for edge coloured graphs. More precisely, we consider graphs whose edges are each coloured with a set of $k$ colours, where the total number of colours is bounded by some number $r>k$. We call this an $(r,k)$-edge-colouring. We are interested in the minimum number $m$ such that for any $(r,k)$-edge-colouring, there is a cover of all vertices with $m$ monochromatic trees. For $k=1$, this parameter, the tree cover number, has been studied earlier, both for complete and for complete bipartite graphs, but the exact value is not known. For the former, its value is conjectured to be $r-1$, for the latter, $2r-1$. We establish an upper bound of $r-k$ for the tree cover number of $(r,k)$-edge-coloured complete graphs, and also show this bound is not tight. We give upper and lower bounds for $(r,k)$-edge-coloured complete bipartite graphs, which coincide in the case that $r\leq 2k$, at $r-k+1$. As a side-product of our bound for complete graphs, we obtain a stronger version of Ryser's Conjecture for $r$-partite $r$-uniform hypergraphs whose edges pairwise intersect in at least $k\geq (r-2)/2$ vertices: Any such hypergraph has a transversal of size at most $r-k$.
Approximate multiplicative controllability for degenerate parabolic problems with Robin boundary conditions

IIn this work we study the global approximate multiplicative controllability for a weakly degenerate parabolic Cauchy-Robin problem. The problem is weakly degenerate in the sense that the diffusion coefficient is positive in the interior of the domain and is allowed to vanish at the boundary, provided the reciprocal of the diffusion coefficient is summable. In this paper, we will show that the above system can be steered, in the space of square-summable functions, from any nonzero, nonnegative initial state into any neighborhood of any desirable nonnegative target-state by bilinear static controls. Moreover, we extend the above result relaxing the sign constraint on the initial-state.
Acoustic waves in pressurized boreholes in formations with triaxial stresses

A finite-difference formulation of equations of motion for elastic waves in prestressed formations has been used to calculate synthetic waveforms at an array of receivers in a liquid-filled borehole. Equations of motion for elastic waves in prestressed materials are derived from rotationally invariant equations of nonlinear elasticity. These equations describe the influence of borehole hydrostatic (mud) pressure as well as formation stresses on acoustic waves produced by either a monopole or dipole transmitter placed on the borehole axis. The synthetic waveforms are processed by a modified matrix pencil algorithm for isolating both dispersive and non-dispersive arrivals in the wavetrain. Computational results show that a difference in the maximum and minimum horizontal stresses causes dipole dispersion crossovers that can be used as an indicator of stress-induced anisotropy dominating the data. On the other hand, an increase in the overburden stress causes both the Stoneley and dipole dispersions to shift toward higher velocities by varying amounts at various frequencies. Any increase in the mud pressure introduces an altered annulus surrounding the borehole surface. This annulus exhibits radial variations in the near-wellbore radial and hoop stresses. Both the Stoneley and dipole dispersions show increasing velocities at higher frequencies. Changes in borehole acoustic wave velocities caused by a change in any one of the formation principal stresses yield frequency-dependent overburden, maximum horizontal, and minimum horizontal stress coefficients of velocities. These stress coefficients of velocities can be used to invert measured changes in borehole dispersions at various depths for corresponding changes in formation stresses.
Potential theory for the Schrödinger equation

Soit A=Σ∂(a ij (x)∂/∂x i )/∂x j un operateur uniformement elliptique dont les coefficients sont des fonctions bornees mesurables sur un domaine de Lipschitz borne D≤R d . On definit la classe de Kato K d . On demontre des resultats sur l'operateur L=A+V en utilisant des resultats connus pour A et en etudiant la jauge conditionnelle
High amplitude vortex-induced pulsations in a gas transport system

High Reynolds number, low Mach number gas flows in pipe systems with closed side branches exhibit spectacular low frequency self-sustained pulsations driven by periodic vortex shedding at specific values of the Strouhal number. A detailed study is presented of the behaviour of the flow in a system with two opposite closed side branches of equal length in a cross configuration. For junctions with both sharp and rounded edges the acoustic flow velocity amplitude is comparable to the main flow velocity. A two-dimensional potential flow model based on the vortex blob method, used to simulate the flow in the junction, describes accurately the flow visualization and laser Doppler data obtained in pipes with square cross-sections and with sharp edged junctions. The numerical simulation is used to calculate the acoustical power generated by the vortical flow at a given amplitude of the acoustic velocity field and Strouhal number. In reality, for a pulsation with constant amplitude, this power is balanced by the viscothermal losses and acoustic radiation, which is the basis for the indirect measurement of the source power. It is shown that, for the acoustic amplitude observed, radiation losses due to the generation of non-resonating harmonics by wavesteepening has to be taken into account in the energy balance. This finding is confirmed by the appearance of shock waves in the geometry with rounded edges.
Sequential assignment of the intrinsically disordered protein bacterial interleukin receptor 1 with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Significance of intrinsic disorder in biological systems, nuclear magnetism and different methods for its use in protein structure determination have been reviewed. These methods include the use of different detection schemes for nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, observables and their relation to structure, computational methods and sequential assignment procedure. In addition an intrinsically disordered protein, bacterial interleukin receptor 1, related to pathological pathways of periodontitis is covered in in detail. Sequential backbone chemical shift assignment and structural propensity estimation calculations based on chemical shifts of bacterial interleukin receptor 1 have been carried out. Secondary structure estimation confirms that bacterial interleukin receptor 1 is an intrinsically disordered protein with some transient α-helicity in the middle of its primary structure.
The rate 19/20 trellis code matched to enhanced extended class-4 partial response channel

In this paper, a rate 19/20 trellis code matched to the partial response (PR) channel is presented. Our trellis rode is designed on a multidimensional Euclidean space for which the minimum free Euclidean distance is larger than conventional recording codes. By using this trellis coding, a trellis coded partial response (TCPR) system is defined for the enhanced extended class-4 partial response (E/sup 2/PR4) channel. Further, the decoding method for this TCPR system is based on the syndrome-former trellis decoding. The number of add-compare-selects (ACS's) in our system is fewer than that of conventional Viterbi decoding. The result shows that TCPR system employing this rate 19/20 trellis code with the constraint length 7 for the E/sup 2/PR4 has an excellent performance compared with the conventional 8/9 maximum transition run (MTR) coding system in high-density recording.
Long-time behaviour of the drag on a body in impulsive motion

We consider the response of the hydrodynamic drag on a body in rectilinear motion to a change in the speed between two steady states, from U1 to U2 [ges ] 0. We consider situations where the body generates no lift, such as occur for bodies with an axis of symmetry aligned with the motion. At large times, the laminar wake consists of two quasi-steady regions – the new wake and the old wake – connected by a transition zone that is convected downstream with the mean speed U2. A global mass balance indicates the existence of a sink flow centred on the transition zone, and this is responsible for the leading-order behaviour of the unsteady force at long times. For the case of U1 [ges ] 0, the force is shown to decay algebraically with the inverse square of time for any finite Reynolds number (Re), and this result is also shown to hold for non-rectilinear motions. A recent analysis for small Reynolds number including terms to O(Re) (Lovalenti & Brady 1993 a) has indicated that the force decays as the inverse square of time for motion started from rest, but decays exponentially for a change between two positive velocities. The former result is found to be correct, but the exponential decay at O(Re) in the latter case is superseded at large times by the inverse-square time decay which is shifted to O(Re2) because the wake flux is nearly constant for small Re. The cases of reversed flow (U1 < 0) and stopped flow (U2 = 0) are treated separately, and it is shown that the transient force is dominated by the effects of the old wake, leading to a slower decay as the simple inverse of time. The force is determined by the far regions of the flow field and so the results are valid for any (symmetric) particle, bubble or drop and (in an average sense) for any Re, provided τ ma {Re, Re−1}, where the time τ is made dimensionless with the convection timescale. The analytical results are compared to detailed numerical calculations for transient flow over spherical particles and bubbles and compelling agreement is observed. These are believed to be the first calculations which adequately resolve the transient far wake behind a bluff body at long times. The asymptotic result for the force is applied to determine that the approach to terminal velocity of a body in free fall is also as the inverse square of time.
Prandtl's Boundary Layer Equation for Two-Dimensional Flow: Exact Solutions via the Simplest Equation Method

The simplest equation method is employed to construct some new exact closed-form solutions of the general Prandtl's boundary layer equation for two-dimensional flow with vanishing or uniform mainstream velocity. We obtain solutions for the case when the simplest equation is the Bernoulli equation or the Riccati equation. Prandtl's boundary layer equation arises in the study of various physical models of fluid dynamics. Thus finding the exact solutions of this equation is of great importance and interest.
Analysis of an octagonal micromachined horn antenna for submillimeter-wave applications

An analysis is presented of a new horn antenna, fabricated by a novel micromachining technique, that uses crystallographic etching of silicon and ultraviolet lithography of an ultra-thick photoresist (SU-8). The horn was found to have low cross-polarized field levels and a predicted Gaussian coupling efficiency of 92.5%. The horn shape is governed by the crystal planes of the silicon substrate and the thickness of the photoresist and has up to four independent design parameters that allow a wide range of antenna patterns. A design for the horn that yields symmetric beam patterns was investigated by computer analysis, microwave scale modeling, and measurements of a micromachined horn at 585 GHz. The major features of the 585-GHz beam patterns agree well with the computer-generated and scaled beam patterns. We have thus demonstrated a new micromachinable horn that has great potential for integration into array structures.
Entropy, transverse entropy and partitions of unity

Abstract The topological entropy of a transformation is expressed in terms of partitions of unity. The transverse entropy of a flow tangential to a foliation is defined and expresed in a similar way. The geometric entropy of a foliation of a Riemannian manifold is compared with the transverse entropy of its geodesic flow.