Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alert correlation and prediction using data mining and HMM

A B S T R A C T Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) are security tools widely used in computer networks. While they seem to be promising technologies, they pose some serious drawbacks: When utilized in large and high trac networks, IDSs generate high volumes of low-level alerts which are hardly manageable. Accordingly, there emerged a recent track of security research, focused on alert correlation, which extracts useful and high-level alerts, and helps to make timely decisions when a security breach occurs. In this paper, we propose an alert correlation system consisting of two major components; rst, we introduce an Attack Scenario Extraction Algorithm (ASEA), which mines the stream of alerts for attack scenarios. The ASEA has a relatively good performance, both in speed and memory consumption. Contrary to previous approaches, the ASEA combines both prior knowledge as well as statistical relationships. Second, we propose a Hidden Markov Model (HMM)based correlation method of intrusion alerts,
Freeway Revolts! The Quality of Life Effects of Highways

Why do freeways affect spatial structure? We identify and quantify the local disamenity effects of freeways. Freeways cause slower growth in central neighborhoods (where local disamenities exceed regional accessibility benefits) compared with outlying neighborhoods (where access benefits exceed disamenities). A quantitative model calibrated to Chicago attributes one-third of the effect of freeways on central-city decline to reduced quality of life. Barrier effects are a major factor in the disamenity value of a freeway. Local disamenities from freeways, as opposed to their regional accessibility benefits, had large effects on the spatial structure of cities, suburbanization, and welfare.
1C3-4 A Framework for Affective Quality of Ear-related Product Design

impact on the fitness of the ear-related product is the earplug. Above all, a sense of comfort showed a significant impact on overall satisfaction. Through this study, we identify not only the main factors that affect the satisfaction from the sense of fitness but also product design elements that affect the sense of fitness were also identified.
Movement variability and strength and conditioning in golf

The detrimental nature of movement variability has recently been reconsidered with suggestions that it has a functional role to play in performance. Movements in golf can be attributed to the organismic, task and environmental constraints from which they emerge with these swing movements affecting shot outcomes. A three-dimensional analysis of address position variability revealed that higher skilled golfers present reduced alignment variability in angular relationships between the shoulders and stance compared to less skilled counterparts. Whilst there were no group differences in impact variability, both points in the swing displayed reducing variability from proximal to distal aspects of the kinetic chain. With the popularity of strength and conditioning growing within the golfing world it has become important for coaches to be able to assess golfers’ physical constraints. Two-dimensional analysis, representative of that used in coaching environments, assessed the relationship between the overhead squat and deterioration of posture in the golf swing. Results showed small but significant relationships between this test and golf swing postural kinematics. An 8-week intervention to address overhead squat physical constraints resulted in no change in 3D swing kinematics. Strength and conditioning as a stand-alone intervention provides no benefits to postural kinematics suggesting the need for coaching.
Intradural Extramedullary Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Thoracic Spinal Cord

Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are rare soft tissue neoplasms that can impact the central nervous system (CNS). SFTs comprise <1% of all primary CNS tumors. Here, we describe a rare case of intradural, extramedullary SFT arising within the thoracic spine that was treated with surgical resection. Histological features were evaluated and revealed a highly cellular tumor with positive expression of BCL2, CD34, CD99, and STAT6 proteins that are consistent with a diagnosis of SFT. We discuss the use of surgical intervention for long-term disease control of spinal SFT and evaluate the role of postoperative radiation therapy in management strategies. Lastly, we review the literature reports of intradural, extramedullary SFTs in the thoracic spine. The importance of molecular characterization by histopathology to properly determine diagnosis and prognosis is emphasized.
What is multi-family therapy?

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Majority Vote method for preferences detection: Application for Social Networks

Most of recommender systems rely on the users’ preferences to recommend items. With the increase of data and the number of users on the internet, the task of recommender system becomes more and more sophisticated. The fusion of users’ preferences is a solution to facilitate that task. The resolution of this issue, helps in decreasing the run time of a recommender system. This research focuses on the issue of preference fusion in the context of social network. The aim of this research is to determine the collective preferences of users belonging to a given community based on their individual preferences. In particular, researchers are interested here in the representation of individual preferences, taking into account the uncertainty and imprecision phenomenon. In this research two methods are proposed: majority vote method and the Dempster Shafer theory of evidence. Experiments on generated datasets would highlight the interest of the proposed solution.
Pre-crash scenario framework for crash avoidance systems based on vehicle-to-vehicle communications

This paper prioritizes and statistically describes pre-crash scenarios as a basis for the identification of crash avoidance functions enhanced or enabled by vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication technology. Pre-crash scenarios depict vehicle movements and dynamics as well as the critical event immediately prior to the crash. The prioritization of pre-crash scenarios is based on the societal harm from persons who were injured in pre-crash scenarios involving at least two vehicles. The crash must also involve at least one light vehicle (e.g., passenger car, van, minivan, sport utility vehicle, or pickup truck) with a gross vehicle weight rating less than 4,536 kg. This paper also introduces a framework that serves to connect pre-crash scenarios to crash avoidance functions and provides information that will enable the identification of appropriate functional requirements, performance specifications, objective test procedures, and initial system effectiveness benchmarks. The framework incorporates crash statistics about the driving environment, contributing and causal factors, and kinematic information. In addition, time-to-collision equations for each pre-crash scenario are derived to identify key variables that must be measured to recognize and assess the crash threat of driving conflicts. Crash statistics are obtained from national crash databases including the 2004-2008 General Estimates System, the National Motor Vehicle Crash Causation Survey, and the Event Data Recorder database. A set of ten pre-crash scenarios are identified as a priority for the development of V2V-based safety applications. These priority scenarios are arranged into five crash avoidance packages that consist of rear-end, lane change, opposite direction, junction crossing, and left turn across path/opposite direction crash countermeasures. This paper delineates the priority pre-crash scenarios and maps them to V2V-based safety applications under development.
Three-level neutral point-clamped (NPC) traction inverter drive for electric vehicles

The motivation of this project was to develop a three level neutral point clamped (NPC) traction inverter for a permanent magnet synchronous machine drive. The three-level inverter helps to reduce the total inverter losses at higher switching frequencies, compared to a two-level inverter for electric vehicle applications. The three-level inverter has also more power switches compared to the two-level inverter. This helps to reduce the voltage stress across the switches and the machine winding. In addition, it also allows an increase in the DC-link voltage, which in turn helps to reduce the DC-link current, phase conductor size and the associated losses. Moreover, at higher DC-bus voltages the power switches will have lower thermal stress when compared to the 2-level. However, the NPC inverter topologies have an inherent problem of DC-link voltage balancing. In the initial part of this thesis, a novel space vector based DC-link voltage balancing strategy is proposed. This strategy can keep the two DC-link capacitor voltages balanced during transient changes in both speed and torque. The performance of the three-level inverter system is then compared with a two-level inverter based drive to validate its performance improvement. The results showed a significant reduction in total voltage and current harmonic distortions, reduced total inverter losses (by 2/3rd) and was even was able to keep the neutral point fluctuation low at all operating load power factor conditions. The second motivation of this thesis was to reduce the computational time in the real-time implementation of the control logic. For this purpose, a modified carrier and hybrid-carrier based PWM strategy was proposed, which also kept the DC-link capacitor voltages balanced. The modified carrier based strategy was able to reduce the switching losses compared to the conventional strategies, while the hybrid-carrier based strategy kept the advantages of both carrier and the space vector techniques. Finally, a performance comparison study was carried out to compare the total harmonic distortion, switching loss distribution, and total inverter loss of all the four proposed strategies.
Service-learning through multiple client-sponsored projects in an MBA marketing course

This paper outlines an approach for teaching Marketing Principles in an MBA course through service-learning to enable adult learners to connect the lectures’ marketing content to a real-world marketing project. During the course, 40 students in groups of four to five individuals were involved in eight different client-sponsored marketing projects executed simultaneously. The rationale, planning and management of this approach utilised current research on service-learning, living cases and client-sponsored projects in marketing education. The experimental curriculum design is presented in a timeline that mirrors the preparation and management of the group projects and the considerations to be taken into account when initiating and facilitating the projects. Reflections from this iteration of the service-learning design suggest the importance of: detailed project planning, the involvement of students in choosing the projects, the introduction of forms and feedback loops, the role of the instructor in facilitating the students and managing expectations, and the role of the company representative in supporting the groups.
A Framework for Security Requirements Elicitation

Context: Security considerations are typically incorporated in the later stages of development as an afterthought. Security in software system is put under the category of non-functional requirements by the researchers. Understanding the security needs of a system requires considerable knowledge of assets, data security, integrity, confidentiality and availability of services. Counter measures against software attacks are also a security need of a software system. To incorporate security in the earliest stages, i.e. requirement gathering, helps building secure software systems from the start. For that purpose researchers have proposed different requirements elicitation techniques. These techniques are categorized into formal and informal techniques on the basis of finiteness and clarity in activities of the techniques. Objectives: Limitations of formal methods and lack of systematic approaches in informal elicitation techniques make it difficult to rely on a single technique for security requirements elicitation. Therefore we decided to utilize the strengths of formal and informal technique to mitigate their weaknesses by combining widely used formal and informal security requirements elicitation techniques. The basic idea of our research was to integrate an informal technique with a formal technique and propose a flexible framework with some level of formality in the steps. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review to see “which are the widely used security requirement elicitation techniques? ” as a pre-study for our thesis? We searched online databases i.e. ISI, IEEE Xplore, ACM, Springer, Inspec and compendeX. We also conducted a literature review for different frameworks that are used in industry, for security requirement elicitation. We conducted an experiment after proposing a security requirements elicitation Framework and compared the result from the Framework with that of CLASP and Misuse cases. Results:Two types of analysis were conducted on results from the experiment: Vulnerability analysis and Requirements analysis with respect to a security baseline. Vulnerability analysis shows that the proposed framework mitigates more vulnerabilities than CLASP and Misuse Cases. Requirements analysis with respect to the security baseline shows that the proposed framework, unlike CLASP and Misuse cases, covers all the security baseline features. Conclusions:The framework we have proposed by combining CLASP, Misuse cases and Secure TROPOS contains the strengths of three security requirements elicitation techniques. To make the proposed framework even more effective, we also included the security requirements categorization by Bogale and Ahmed [11]. The framework is flexible and contains fifteen steps to elicit security requirements. In addition it also allows iterations to improve security in a system
Preeclampsia

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication affecting between 3 and 7% of all pregnancies. There is no definite treatment and the only cure is to deliver the placenta and the fetus. Recent studies have shown that Alpha-1microglobulin (A1M), an endogenous heme and radical scavenger, may be an effective treatment against preeclampsia. Besides being associated with maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, preeclampsia has been shown to be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the pathophysiological mechanism connecting preeclampsia with long-term CVD is not completely undestood. In the present thesis we seek to elucidate the maternal cardiac implications of severe late-onset preeclampsia using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. In addition, this thesis intends to determine the therapeutic potential of A1M against preeclampsia and how exogenous administration of A1M affects the preeclampsia-associated changes in cardiac morhology and ultrastructure using a mouse model of preeclampsia. Part of the aim of this thesis is to understand the dynamics in changes of plasma levels of A1M in the women with risk-factors predisposing to preeclampsia who have an uncomplicated pregnancy (high-risk controls) and in the preeclamtic women. Our results show that severe late-onset preeclampsia is associated with transient maternal cardiac hypertrophy; the cardiac changes dissapear at six months postpartum. In the mouse model of preeclampsia, we found cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis, and changes in cardiac ultramorphology in terms of errupted mitochondria and irregularly organized myocardial fibers. The changes in ultramorphology, together with hypertension and proteinuria, were alleviated by exogenous administration of A1M. We found an increase in the maternal plasma levels of A1M in the high-risk controls between the first and second trimester of pregnancy. In contrast, the levels of A1M reduced in the preeclamptic women during the same period. In conclusion, cardiac hypertrophy after severe late-onset PE is transient. Other pathophysiologic mechanisms, such as cardiac fibrosis, may be the culprit for increased long-term cardiovascular risk after preeclampsia. Exogenous administration of A1M is an effective treatment against preeclampsia and counteracts changes in cardiac ultramorhology associated with preeclampsia. Whether this effect can decrease the risk for future CVD is an important issue for future research. The increase in the A1M levels in the high-risk controls may reflect a protective response against systemic oxidative stress.
Modeling and Monitoring the Long-Term Behavior of Post-Tensioned Concrete Bridges

The time-dependent and temperature-dependent behavior of post-tensioned concrete bridges were investigated through a case study of the St. Anthony Falls Bridge, consisting of laboratory testing of concrete time-dependent behaviors (i.e., creep and shrinkage), examination of data from the in situ instrumented bridge, and time-dependent finite element models. Laboratory results for creep and shrinkage were measured for 3.5 years after casting, and the data were best predicted by the 1978 CEB/FIP Model Code provisions. To compare the in situ readings to constant-temperature finite element models, the time-dependent behavior was extracted from the measurements using linear regression. The creep and shrinkage rates of the in situ bridge were found to depend on temperature. An adjusted age using the Arrhenius equation was used to account for the interactions between temperature and time-dependent behavior in the measured data. Results from the time-dependent finite element models incorporating the full construction sequence revealed that the 1990 CEB/FIP Model Code and ACI-209 models best predicted the in situ behavior. Finite element analysis also revealed that problems associated with excessive deflections or development of tension over the lifetime of the bridge would be unlikely. The interactions between temperature and time-dependent behavior were further investigated using a simplified finite element model, which indicated that vertical deflections and stresses can be affected by the cyclic application of thermal gradients. The findings from this study were used to develop an anomaly detection routine for the linear potentiometer data, which was successfully used to identify short-term and long-term artificial anomalies in the data.
Phishing Attack Protection (PAP) Approaches for Fairness in Web Usage

Phishing scams are considered as a threat issue to all web users. But still the web users are not consciously aware of this fact. Many research works have been done to increase the phishing awareness among the users but it is not up to the mark till to date. We have conducted a survey among a diversified group of people who are active user of internet. And then analyzed the existing phishing warnings provided by the web browsers and protection schemes, in this paper we have suggested new approaches i.e. sending notifications to user, checking URL, creating user alarms and security knowledge to ensure fairness in web usage.
30 GHz transformer-coupled and reused injection-locked VCO/divider in 0.13 μm CMOS process

A 30 GHz VCO, using a transformer as the tank load and inter-stage coupling of the divider, is proposed such that the inductive load of the buffer between the VCO and the divider is eliminated and therefore chip area and power consumption can be reduced. The transformer is further reused by feedback to enhance the output swing of the VCO. Phase noise performance of the VCO can also be improved by the injection-lock mechanism from the reverse coupling of the divider. Measured results show that output phase noises of the VCO with (without) the divider are -125.1 (-118.6) dBc/Hz at 10 MHz offset frequencies from around 29.2 GHz carrier frequency. The power consumption of the VCO alone is 2.32 mW, while that of the VCO/divider increases only to 4.65 mW.
An Evaluation of the Reading Recovery Program at Main Street School in Shelbyville, Illinois

Reading Recovery 2 Traditional solutions to reading problems have not adequately addressed reading difficulties. Many students in the lower 20% of the reading level of their class have far reaching academic and social problems that lead to dropping out of school, entering special education classes, becoming frustrated, and possibly becoming discipline problems. This study examined the Reading Recovery Program at Main Street School in Shelbyville, Illinois. Specific study objectives were measurements of student test data and progress for the 1992-1993 school year. Measurements were performed using a preand post-testing method. A survey questionnaire was used to gather data from Reading Recovery teachers. Measurability climaxed when a student "graduated" from the program and returned to a regular classroom reading class at average or better level in reading. The effectiveness of the program was evident through the success of children gaining reading skills, including reading accuracy, self correction, identifying letters, and using concepts about print. All terms relevant to the Reading Recovery program were addressed and defined within the study. Delimitations were imposed on the Shelbyville sampling. Table of
Position estimation using Unscented Kalman Filter

Position estimation in integrated navigation systems often calls for operations on nonlinear system models. Dynamics nonlinearity of an object, which position we want to estimate requires using special filters. The Extended Kalman Filter based on linearization of nonlinear functions is generally accepted solution. The paper presents the Unscented Kalman Filter based on Unscented Transform. Filter performance with comparison to extended Kalman filter is discussed on the theoretical base and simulation results showing accuracy increase are presented.
Requesting Utility in Usability -Perspectives from a large team software engineering project

Many companies invest large amount of money in developing new technology, without knowing how it will be used. To succeed in making these technologies useful it is necessary to understand the context that gives meaning to the artifact. In the case of generic products, especially in new domains, the context is not obvious. This bachelor thesis analyses what Usability Engineering, Participatory Design and Ethnography can contribute to the problem of learning about the context of usage for generic artifacts. Understanding and identifying details of context is considered to be important to achieve usability in software development. The experience is that most recommendations on usability methods concern situations of specific users in a specific context. In order to find important aspects of the real-world use of generic products, we suggest that ethnographic studies can be conducted in contexts where behaviors relevant to the design are thought to be found. The problem of not knowing the context was experienced in usability work practiced in a large software engineering project. The project task was to develop a web browser for Symbian's ? Quartz? reference design for handheld devices. Methods used were taken from participatory design and usability engineering.