Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dopant stability and strain states in Co and Mn-doped Ge (001) epitaxial films

Systematic investigation of structural, chemical, and magnetic properties of Co and Mn-doped Ge 001 as a function of doping concentration reveals that codoping with Co can dramatically reduce phase separation and diffusion of Mn within the Ge lattice while it magnetically complements Mn. The measured strain states indicate the critical role played by substitutional Co with its strong tendency to dimerize with interstitial Mn. Selecting appropriate codopants that form energetically stable dimers in a semiconductor host is shown to be a viable approach, thus demonstrating the feasibility for engineering stable doped magnetic semiconductors.
Basic Properties of the Generalized Scattering Matrix of Waveguide Transformers

This paper examines analytically the operator properties of the generalized scattering matrix of the H-(E-) plane waveguide transformer in an arbitrary shape. Four fundamental laws of electromagnetism are used to derive a new form of the generalized energy-conservation statement. The structure of spectrum of the generalized scattering matrix and the spectrum localization are established. A practical significance of the considered basic properties is illustrated by the example of matrix models of the waveguide bends. The obtained analytical results are useful for testing the correctness of numerical solutions, as well as for the mathematical justification of the methods based on modal analysis.
An Energy-Efficient Computing-in-Memory (CiM) Scheme Using Field-Free Spin-Orbit Torque (SOT) Magnetic RAMs

The separation of memory and computing units in the von Neumann architecture leads to undesirable energy consumption due to data movement and insufficient memory bandwidth. Energy-efficient in-memory computing platforms have the potential to address such issues. Due to its non-volatility and advantageous features over CMOS (such as low power, near-zero leakage current and high integration density), spin-based devices have been advocated for in-memory computing. This paper proposes a field-free Spin Orbit Torque (FF-SOT) MRAM based computing-in-memory (CiM) scheme that realizes XNOR/XOR logic and a cascading adder. This novel FF-SOT-CiM design does not require expensive peripheral circuits for computation while using the same memory cell design as a SOT-MRAM. Furthermore, FF-SOT-CiM does not require additional write cycles to save the result of its computations in the memory. The design offers higher write speed and; lower operating energy compared to CiM schemes based on other technologies; it also alleviates the source degeneration effect by leveraging an advanced switching mechanism. Extensive simulation results show that the proposed FF-SOT-CiM achieves up to 3.1x (2.6x) latency (energy) reduction compared to SRAM-based CiM, with negligible hardware overhead when performing in-memory XOR. ADD operations; the proposed FF-SOT-CiM can be to 5.0X and 1.5X faster and 3.4X and 1.1X more energy efficient than existing STT-based and FeFET-based schemes, respectively.
Model for the interaural time differences in the azimuthal plane

An objective study of the steady‐state interaural time difference (ITD) was performed on a manikin comprised of a head and torso. Data were taken for both a bare and clothed torso. The measured ITD’s correspond reasonably accurately at the low and the high frequencies to the computed theoretical values for a rigid sphere of an effective radius a. The theoretical ratio of the low‐frequency (<500 Hz) ITD to the high‐frequency (≳2000 Hz) ITD is 3/2. The measured ITD is a minimum between 1.4 and 1.6 kHz for angles of incidence, ϑinc, of sound between 15° and 60°. At both the low and the high frequencies the data can be expressed by universal curves when the ITD is normalized by (a/c0) sinϑinc, where c0 is the speed of sound in air and ϑinc is the angle of incidence. Both the steady‐state ITD and the interaural sound‐pressure‐level difference (ILD) show differences between measurements made with the bare torso and those with a clothed torso. These objectives results support the subjective measurements of past.
Molecular Dynamics Approach to the Physical Mixture of In2O3 and ZrO2: Defect Formation and Ionic Diffusion

Recent research on the use of physical mixtures In2O3-ZrO2 has raised interesting questions as to how their combination enhances catalytic activity and selectivity. Specifically, the relationship between oxygen diffusion and defect formation and the epitaxial tension in the mixture should be further investigated. In this study, we aim to clarify some of these relationships through a molecular dynamics approach. Various potentials for the two oxides are compared and selected to describe the physical mixture of In2O3 and ZrO2. Different configurations of each single crystal and their physical mixture are simulated, and oxygen defect formation and diffusion are measured and compared. Significant oxygen defect formation is found in both crystals. In2O3 seems to be stabilized by the mixture, while ZrO2 is destabilized. Similar results were found for the ZrO2 doping with In and ln2O3 doping with Zr. The results explain the high activity and selectivity catalyst activity of the mixture for the production of isobutylene from ethanol.
Designing the rectification behavior of molecular diodes

Thanks to major advances in chemical and fabrication processes, various electronic devices based on single molecules have been demonstrated. On the theoretical level, many attempts have been made to provide a clear view of the charge transport mechanism through molecules. However, the overall picture is not yet complete. In this study, we show that the rectification of a molecular device can be controlled by enforcing the potential drop profile along the molecule. The insertion of a resistive molecular path near the metallic electrode(s) can drastically alter the rectification behavior. Our observation paves the way for a better control of molecular devices.
Estimating low pay transition probabilities accounting for endogenous selection mechanisms

Summary. We propose a model of transitions into and out of low paid employment that accounts for non‐ignorable panel dropout, employment retention and base year low pay status (‘initial conditions’). The model is fitted to data for men from the British Household Panel Survey. Initial conditions and employment retention are found to be non‐ignorable selection processes. Whether panel dropout is found to be ignorable depends on how item non‐response on pay is treated. Notwithstanding these results, we also find that models incorporating a simpler approach to accounting for non‐ignorable selections provide estimates of covariate effects that differ very little from the estimates from the general model.
Potential Influence of Some Differentially Expressed Genes on the Progression of Thyroid Cancer

Thyroid carcinoma poses a heavy disease burden on the global health. The potential influence of some differentially expressed genes on the progression of thyroid carcinoma was still incomplete. In this study, we integrated transcriptome data with clinical data to investigate the relationship between them in thyroid cancer patients. First, the gene expression profile (GSE129562) from Gene Expression Omnibus was used to identify differentially expressed genes. Secondly, gene ontology function and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway enrichment analyses of the differentially expressed genes were performed. Thirdly, protein-protein interactions of the differentially expressed genes were constructed. Between T1aN1b or T3N1b thyroid carcinoma and its paired thyroid normal tissue, a total of 729 differentially expressed genes were identified through our analysis, of which 405 genes were up-regulated and 324 genes were down-regulated. Of those differentially expressed genes, 138 differentially expressed genes were identified as immune-related genes. Their functions can be classified as antigen processing and presentation, antimicrobials, B cell receptor signaling pathway, chemokine receptors and so on. Gene ontology enrichment analysis illustrated that these differentially expressed genes were mostly enriched into extracellular matrix structural constituent, integrin binding and so on. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes enrichment analysis illustrated that these differentially expressed genes were mostly enriched into extracellular matrix-receptor interaction, focal adhesion and so on. The top 4 differentially expressed genes with the highest degrees in the protein-protein network are syndecan 1, tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn, decorin and thrombospondin-1. The mutations in the gene solute carrier family 34 member 2 and tenascin C are arguably the most common. Our results demonstrate the potential influence of some differentially expressed genes on the progression of thyroid cancer, provides a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of the pathogenesis, which may contribute to future investigation into the molecular mechanisms and biomarkers.
Algoritmos simplificados de hologramas computacionais: II – para geração de feixes e vórtices ópticos

Feixe em óptica refere-se a uma solução monocromática da equação de onda que possui concentração transversal do campo. O feixe óptico, que é descrito por uma superposição de ondas planas, surge com a necessidade de se poder confinar e transportar a luz através do espaço livre sem que esta sofra os efeitos de difração, permanecendo invariante durante a propagação. O tipo de feixe óptico mais comum é o feixe Gaussiano, cujo padrão transversal é descrito por uma função Gaussiana, o qual está sujeito aos efeitos de difração. Existem outros tipos de feixes, chamados feixes não-difrativos ou resistentes à difração, que não apresentam efeitos de difração e seu perfil de intensidade é constante ao longo da direção de propagação. Os feixes não-difrativos incluem, por exemplo, feixes de Bessel, feixes de Mathieu, feixes Parabólico, feixes de Airy e superposições destes feixes. O propósito deste trabalho é apresentar e disponibilizar a comunidade acadêmica, científica e de outras áreas do saber os nossos estudos e algoritmos (rotinas) de geração holográfica de feixes ópticos de uma forma acessível e didática. Especificamente, neste segundo artigo, pretendemos estudar, teórica e computacionalmente, as propriedades dos feixes ópticos: Gaussiano, Bessel, Airy, Laguerre-Gauss e vórtices ópticos de Hankel-Bessel; bem como, as técnicas de geração de hologramas computacionais de amplitude e fase destes feixes usando MATLAB. Estes apresentam interessantes possibilidades de realização experimental através de sua reconstrução óptica (reprodução) utilizando dispositivos SLMs, como já foi validado experimentalmente em inúmeros trabalhos publicados e inúmeras aplicações em óptica e fotônica.
Chromosomal-level genome assembly of Melastoma candidum provides insights into trichome evolution

Melastoma, consisting of ~100 species diversified in tropical Asia and Oceania in the past 1-2 million years, represents an excellent example of rapid speciation in flowering plants. Trichomes on hypanthia, twigs and leaves vary markedly among species of this genus and are the most important diagnostic traits for species identification. These traits also play critical roles in contributing to differential adaptation of these species to their own habitats. Here we sequenced the genome of M. candidum, a common, erect-growing species from southern China, with the aim to provide genomic insights into trichome evolution in this genus. We generated a high-quality, chromosome-level genome assembly of M. candidum, with the genome size of 256.2 Mb and protein-coding gene number of 40,938. The gene families specific to, and significantly expanded in Melastoma are enriched for GO terms related to trichome initiation and differentiation. We provide evidence that Melastoma and its sister genus Osbeckia have undergone two whole genome duplications (WGDs) after the triplication event (γ) shared by all core eudicots. Preferential retention of trichome development-related transcription factor genes such as C2H2, bHLH, HD-ZIP, WRKY, and MYB after both WGDs might provide raw materials for trichome evolution and thus contribute to rapid species diversification in Melastoma. Our study provides candidate transcription factor genes related to trichome evolution in Melastoma, which can be used to evolutionary and functional studies of trichome diversification among species of this genus.
Incorporating Horizontal Density Variations Into Large‐Scale Modeling of Ice Masses

Gravity‐driven flow of large ice masses such as the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) depends on both the geometry and the mass density of the ice sheet. The vertical density profile can be approximated as pure ice overlain by a firn layer of varying thickness, and for the AIS the firn thickness is not uncommonly 10%–20% of the total thickness, leading to not insignificant variation in horizontal density. Nevertheless, in most vertically integrated ice‐flow models today, the density is assumed constant, sometimes with an adjustment in thickness to compensate. In this study, we explore the treatment of horizontal density variations (HDVs) within vertically integrated ice‐sheet models. We assess the relative merits and shortcomings of previously proposed approaches and provide new formulations for including HDVs. We use perturbation analysis to derive analytical solutions that describe the impact of density variations on ice flow for both grounded ice and floating ice shelves, which reveal significant qualitative differences between each of the proposed density formulations. We recommend always including the horizontal gradient of the density in the body‐force term of the momentum equation, and in the mass‐conservationequation. Furthermore, by modeling the transient evolution of a large sector of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS), we find that doing so leads to about a 10% correction in the estimated change in volume above flotation over 40 years. We conclude that including HDVs in flow modeling of the AIS is important for accurate predictions of mass loss.
Correct Confidence Intervals for Various Regression Effect Sizes and Parameters: The Importance of Noncentral Distributions in Computing Intervals

The advantages that confidence intervals have over null-hypothesis significance testing have been presented on many occasions to researchers in psychology. This article provides a practical introduction to methods of constructing confidence intervals for multiple and partial R 2 and related parameters in multiple regression models based on “noncentral”F and χ2 distributions. Until recently, these techniques have not been widely available due to their neglect in popular statistical textbooks and software. These difficulties are addressed here via freely available SPSS scripts and software and illustrations of their use. The article concludes with discussions of implications for the interpretation of findings in terms of noncentral confidence intervals, alternative measures of effect size, the relationship between noncentral confidence intervals and power analysis, and the design of studies.
Mitochondria Dysfunction at the Heart of Viral Myocarditis: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Implications

The myocardium/heart is the most mitochondria-rich tissue in the human body with mitochondria comprising approximately 30% of total cardiomyocyte volume. As the resident “powerhouse” of cells, mitochondria help to fuel the high energy demands of a continuously beating myocardium. It is no surprise that mitochondrial dysfunction underscores the pathogenesis of many cardiovascular ailments, including those of viral origin such as virus-induced myocarditis. Enteroviruses have been especially linked to injuries of the myocardium and its sequelae dilated cardiomyopathy for which no effective therapies currently exist. Intriguingly, recent mechanistic insights have demonstrated viral infections to directly damage mitochondria, impair the mitochondrial quality control processes of the cell, such as disrupting mitochondrial antiviral innate immune signaling, and promoting mitochondrial-dependent pathological inflammation of the infected myocardium. In this review, we briefly highlight recent insights on the virus-mitochondria crosstalk and discuss the therapeutic implications of targeting mitochondria to preserve heart function and ultimately combat viral myocarditis.
STRENGTH TRAINING METHOD FOR TENNIS PLAYERS

ABSTRACT Introduction: Tennis is highly technical, and any error in its players’ strength training can exponentially impact the competition. A timely review and analysis of tennis players’ biomechanics will help to better understand the training system and reveal the basis for future scientific sports training strategies. Objective: Analyzes the effect of different strength training methods to design the best protocol considering tennis players’ speed and success rate. Methods: The effect of training on 40 tennis players is discussed. The volunteers were divided into the experimental and control group. The experimental group performed strength training for 40 minutes daily, thrice a week. The control group continued with conventional training. The trial lasted eight weeks. The speed and success rate of the training were tested before and after the experiment. Results: The experimental group players significantly improved serve speed (P<0.05). The success rate of the experimental group was also significantly improved (P<0.05). Conclusion: The proposed strength training significantly improved the success rates of speed in tennis players. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
Natural Killers: Opportunities and Challenges for the Use of Bacteriophages in Microbial Food Safety from the One Health Perspective

Ingestion of food or water contaminated with pathogenic bacteria may cause serious diseases. The One Health approach may help to ensure food safety by anticipating, preventing, detecting, and controlling diseases that spread between animals, humans, and the environment. This concept pays special attention to the increasing spread and dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which are considered one of the most important environment-related human and animal health hazards. In this context, the development of innovative, versatile, and effective alternatives to control bacterial infections in order to assure comprehensive food microbial safety is becoming an urgent issue. Bacteriophages (phages), viruses of bacteria, have gained significance in the last years due to the request for new effective antimicrobials for the treatment of bacterial diseases, along with many other applications, including biotechnology and food safety. This manuscript reviews the application of phages in order to prevent food- and water-borne diseases from a One Health perspective. Regarding the necessary decrease in the use of antibiotics, results taken from the literature indicate that phages are also promising tools to help to address this issue. To assist future phage-based real applications, the pending issues and main challenges to be addressed shortly by future studies are also taken into account.
Luteolin and Exercise Combination Therapy Ameliorates Amyloid-β1-42 Oligomers-Induced Cognitive Impairment in Alzheimer's Disease Mice by Mediating Neuroinflammation and Autophagy.

BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) disturbs many patients and family. However, little progress has been made in finding effective treatments. Given AD is a multifactorial disease, luteolin and exercise combination therapy may be more effective than monotherapy. OBJECTIVE To explore the therapeutic effect and underlying mechanisms of luteolin and exercise combination therapy in AD treatment. METHODS This study utilized a validated mouse model of AD by bilateral injection of amyloid-β (Aβ)1-42 oligomers into the CA1 region of the hippocampus. By combining with animal behavioral test, thioflavin T detection, immunofluorescence and western blot test, the cognitive-enhancing effects of luteolin and exercise combination therapy and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. RESULTS Luteolin (100 mg/kg/d) combined with exercise could significantly improve the performance of AD model mice in novel object recognition test, and the improvement was greater than that of monotherapy. Further experiments showed that luteolin and exercise alone or in combination could reverse the increase of Aβ content, the activation of astrocytes and microglia, and the decrease of the level of autophagy in hippocampus and cortex in AD model induced by Aβ 1-42 oligomers. While the combination therapy involved more intact hippocampal and cortical areas, with greater degree of changes. CONCLUSION Luteolin and exercise combination therapy prevented Aβ 1-42 oligomers-induced cognitive impairment, possibly by decreasing neuroinflammation and enhancing autophagy. The luteolin and exercise combination therapy may be a useful therapeutic option for preventing and/or delaying the progression of memory dysfunction of AD.
Axisymmetric meniscus formation: a viscous-fluid model for cones

The dynamics of the formation of the axisymmetric meniscus around a cone contacting a free liquid surface are discussed. An approximate phenomenological model is set up. In the case considered, where Re [Lt ] 1 and viscosity dominates the retarding forces, this leads to a differential equation relating the height of the circle of contact to time. Solutions are derived, involving one or more unknown parameters, which describe the time dependence of the height of the circle of contact. Experimental data, obtained from delayed flash photographs of the meniscus profiles of silicone fluid climbing over the surface of glass cones, provide general support for the model. The agreement between the predicted and observed height as a function of time is sufficiently close to justify the model as a useful description.
On (λ,µ)-statistical convergence of double sequences on intuitionistic fuzzy normed spaces

In this paper, we define (λ, µ)- statistical convergence and (λ, µ)-statistical Cauchy double sequences on intuitionistic fuzzy normed spaces (IFNS in short), where λ = (λn ) and µ = (µm) be two non-decreasing sequences of positive real numbers such that each tending to ∞ and λn+1 ≤ λn + 1, λ1 = 1; µm+1 ≤ µm + 1, µ1 = 1. We display example that shows our method of convergence is more general for double sequences in intuitionistic fuzzy normed spaces.