Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Waiting Times in the Non-Preemptive Priority M/M/c Queue

By using a probabilistic equivalence between the M/G/1 queue with multiple server ’ vacations and the M/M/c system, we derive the Laplace-Stieltjes transform of the waiting time Wk, of a class-k customer in the non-preemptive priority M/M/c queue where all customers have the same mean service time. We also calculate the first two moments of Wk.
Laser emission from spiral-shaped microdisc with waveguide of conducting polymer

Spiral microdiscs with waveguide based on a conducting polymer have been fabricated on quartz substrates and the emission properties have been studied. The directivity and the polarization properties of laser emission from the spiral microcavities with waveguide based on a poly(p-phenylenevinylene) derivative have been investigated by pulsed photo-pumping. The red laser emission from the spiral microdisc with waveguide has been observed, and the directivity of this microdisc geometry has been discussed taking the mathematical simulation into consideration.
Small polaron transport and pressure dependence of the electrical resistivity ofLa2−xSrxNiO4(0<~x<~1.2)

Measurements of the electrical resistivity p as a function of temperature T and pressure P( P ≤ 1.6 GPa) are reported on La 2 - x Sr x NiO 4 (0≤x≤1.2). A compositionally induced M-I transition occurs for x≥0.9. The data suggest small dielectric polaron conduction, with thermal-activated behavior at high temperatures and with three-dimensional variable range hopping at low temperatures for all compositions. Pressure is shown to weakly affect p, for example, near room temperature a rate of -8.2%/GPa (dρ/dP = -0.57 mΩ/GPa) is observed for x=0.8. Fits to the data for the same composition in the temperature range 100 K≤T≤300 K provide a thermally activated polaron hopping energy E A = 30.3 meV and dE A /dP=-2.80 (meV/GPa). No superconductivity was observed at pressures up to 1.6 GPa and temperatures down to 4.2 K for any of the studied compositions. Our measurements provide strong evidence for polaron-dominated electrical conduction in these charge transfer gap materials.
Conventional Semantic Meaning in Signalling Games with Conflicting Interests

Lewis signalling games are often used to explain how it is possible for simple agents to develop systems of conventional semantic meaning. In these games, all players obtain identical payoffs in every outcome. This is an unrealistic payoff structure, but it is often employed because it is thought that semantic meaning will not emerge if interests conflict. Here it is shown that not only is conventional meaning possible when interests conflict, but it is the most likely outcome in a finite population model of learning known as the Moran process. On the basis of this result it is suggested that evolutionary game theory’s standard models (which presuppose populations that are effectively infinite) may yield results that are systematically distorted for a class of signalling games that have the abstract structure of social dilemmas. 1 Introduction 2 The Seduction Game 3 Imitation Dynamics with Small Mutations 4 Dynamics with Unverifiable Message 5 Analysis of a Related Three-Strategy Game 6 Conclusion 1 Introduction 2 The Seduction Game 3 Imitation Dynamics with Small Mutations 4 Dynamics with Unverifiable Message 5 Analysis of a Related Three-Strategy Game 6 Conclusion
Ferrofluid hydrodynamics: waves, jets and free drops

A novel approach to hydrodynamical studies uses the bulk force properties of magnetic liquids to probe the dynamics of (i) freely suspended drops; and (ii) unstable surface waves and jets. The fluid dynamics are imaged by a fast CCD camera, allowing thorough analysis of these time-dependent phenomena. Ferrofluid drops are freely suspended in air by using magnetic fields to create an attractive force opposing gravity. The suspended drop then undergoes forced oscillations by perturbing the supporting magnetic field, and exhibits high order nonlinear modes of oscillation which can be driven until the drop bifurcates. Fluid surface waves and jets are investigated in cylindrical geometry. Nonlinear waves are magnetically driven, resulting in dramatic jets when the critical amplitude is exceeded. Such jets are observed to have a maximum acceleration exceeding 70g.
Observer Based Parallel IM Speed and Parameter Estimation

The detailed presentation of modern algorithm for the rotor speed estimation of an induction motor (IM) is shown. The algorithm includes parallel speed and resistance parameter estimation and allows a robust shaft-sensorless operation in diverse conditions, including full load and low speed operation with a large thermal drift. The direct connection between the injected electric signal in the d-axis and the component of injected rotor flux were pointed at. The algorithm that has been applied in the paper uses the extracted component of the injected rotor flux in the d-axis from the observer state vector and filtrated measured electricity of one motor phase. By applying the mentioned algorithm, the system converges towards the given reference. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. III 42004]
A LARGE RADIO NEBULA AROUND P CYGNI

ABSTRA C T We present a large set of radio observations of the luminous blue variable P Cygni. These include two 6-cm images obtained with MERLIN which spatially resolve the 6-cm photosphere, monitoring observations obtained at Jodrell Bank every few days over a period of two months, and VLA observations obtained every month for seven years. This combination of data shows that the circumstellar environment of P Cyg is highly inhomogeneous, that there is a radio nebula extending to almost an arcminute from the star at 2 and 6 cm, and that the radio emission is variable on a time-scale no longer than one month, and probably as short as a few days. This short-time-scale variability is difficult to explain. We present a model for the radio emission with which we demonstrate that the star has probably been losing mass at a significant rate for at least a few thousand years, and that it has undergone at least two major outbursts of increased mass loss during the past two millenia.
Reynolds number dependence of low-order turbulent temperature structure functions

The behaviour of low-order moments of the temperature increment δθ ≡ θ(x + r) − θ(x) is considered, for both a range of flows and of the Taylor microscale Reynolds number Rλ. The focus is on values of the separation r which are either large compared to the integral length scale or lie within the inertial range. In the former case, the dependence on Rλ appears to be reasonably well predicted, provided the velocity/temperature time scale ratio is taken into account. In the latter case, the prediction, based on local isotropy, appears to be approached only at sufficiently large Rλ.
A contour‐advective semi‐lagrangian numerical algorithm for simulating fine‐scale conservative dynamical fields

This paper describes a novel numerical algorithm for simulating the evolution of fine‐scale conservative fields in layer‐wise two‐dimensional flows, the most important examples of which are the earth's atmosphere and oceans. the algorithm combines two radically different algorithms, one Lagrangian and the other Eulerian, to achieve an unexpected gain in computational efficiency.
Hybrid Discrete Particle Swarm Optimizer Algorithm for Traveling Salesman Problem

PSO has been widely used in continuous optimization problems, but in discrete domain the research and application is very little. By redefining the position and speed of particles and related operations, the discrete particle swarm algorithm can be constructed. Due to the weak capacity of local search of PSO and be easy to constringe the local optimum, it is combined with simulated annealing and the hybrid discrete PSO is constructed using the characteristics that simulated annealing can accept some ungraded solution under the control of certain probability,finally the algorithm is applied to solving the traveling salesman problem successfully. The simulation results show that the hybrid discrete PSO can get better optimization effect, which validates the effectiveness of the method.
Photochemistry of the atmosphere of Uranus

A detailed one-dimensional photochemical model incorporating vertical transport by eddy and molecular diffusion is used to study the importance of chemical and physical processes that control the hydrocarbon abundances in the stratosphere of Uranus. The study includes updated photochemical reaction rates and photolysis branching ratios; explicit calculation of the condensation rate of condensing species; and appropriate boundary conditions at the tropopause. It is found that the basic photochemical process generally produces low net conversion efficiencies of methane to higher hydrocarbons. However, even with these low efficiencies, the total condensation rate, which represents the net rate of conversion of methane to hydrocarbons, is roughly 2 x 10 to the -16th g/cm sec, in agreement with the upper range of the low condensation rate for the production of the stratospheric aerosol layer as determined by Pollack et al. (1987). Furthermore, a range of vertical transport rates is required to separately match the observational constraints on hydrocarbon abundances. The solar reflection data refer to the sunlit polar region of Uranus and require an eddy diffusion coefficient of K approx. = 50 sq cm/sec for globally averaged insolation or K approx = 1500 (Nh/N) exp 1/2 for overhead sun. The Voyager 2 Utraviolet Spectrometer solar occultation data refer to the equatorial regions, thus implying a large latitudinal gradient in stratospheric hydrocarbon abundance.
Point Constriction, Interface, and Boundary Conditions for Kinematic-Wave Model

The entropy solutions of the Riemann problem for the kinematic-wave model are described for (entrant and exiting) boundary conditions, interfaces (e.g., lane drops), and point constrictions (e.g., bottlenecks or signalized intersections) for kinematic-wave models. These results are used to obtain analytic solutions and computational solutions, by the method of Godunov, for the three test scenarios earlier suggested by Ross. Results show that the kinematic-wave model, with a correct computational solution (i.e., converging to the entropy solution), correctly produces the analytic (entropy) solutions of the kinematic-wave model and that analytic and computational solutions both satisfy intuitive expectations at least as well as the novel model suggested by Ross and even avoid some acknowledged deficiencies of the latter. They also emphasize the necessity of using discrete approximations that satisfy the entropy condition and of exercising care in ensuring that the discretization parameters are sufficiently small.
La détection de textes générés par des modèles de langue : une tâche complexe? Une étude sur des textes académiques

L’émergence de modèles de langage très puissants tels que GPT-3 a sensibilisé les chercheurs à la problématique de la détection de textes académiques générés automatiquement, principalement dans un souci de prévention de plagiat. Plusieurs études ont montré que les modèles de détection actuels ont une précision élevée, en donnant l’impression que la tâche soit résolue. Cependant, nous avons observé que les ensembles de données utilisés pour ces expériences contiennent des textes générés automatiquement à partir de modèles pré-entraînés. Une utilisation plus réaliste des modèles de langage consisterait à effectuer un fine-tuning sur un texte écrit par un humain pour compléter les parties manquantes. Ainsi, nous avons constitué un corpus de textes générés de manière plus réaliste et mené des expériences avec plusieurs modèles de classification. Nos résultats montrent que lorsque les ensembles de données sont générés de manière réaliste pour simuler l’utilisation de modèles de langage par les chercheurs, la détection de ces textes devient une tâche assez difficile.
A new scattering kernel in kinetic theory of gases

Abstract A new scattering kernel, giving boundary conditions for the Boltzmann equation, is introduced, exploiting a purely mathematical method already known, but never used until recently. The kernel is used for calculating the accommodation coefficients appearing in velocity slip and temperature jump formulas relative to the transition regime of rarefied gases. Drag, lift and heat transfer coefficients in free molecule flow are also calculated and evaluated numerically; some results are compared with experiment.
Gradients in giant branch morphology in the core of 47 Tucanae

I describe an algorithm which uses the high spatial resolution of the Hubble Space Telescope to complement the high spatial-to-noise, approximately symmetric point response function, relatively large spatial coverage, and standard filters available from ground based images of crowded fields. Applying this technique to the central regions of the globular cluster 47 Tucanae, I find that the morphology of the giant branch in the core is significantly different from that in more distant regions (r approximately equals 5 to 10 core radii) of the cluster. In particular, there appear to be fewer bright giants in the core, along with an enhanced `asymptotic giant branch' (AGB) sequence. Depletion of giants has been observed in the cores of other dense clusters, and may be due to `stripping' of large stars by stellar encounters and/or mass transfer in binary systems. Central concentrations of true asymptotic giant branch stars are not expected to result from dynamical processes; possibly some of these stars may be evolved blue stragglers.
Multidomain pseudospectral time‐domain method for computation of electromagnetic scattering by bodies of revolution

We present a multidomain pseudospectral method using cylindrical and spherical coordinates for the accurate and efficient time‐domain computation of scattering by bodies of revolution (BOR). In the BOR formulation of Maxwell's equations, the Fourier collocation method is utilized in the azimuthal direction and the Chebyshev collocation method in the other directions. Using the complex‐coordinate‐stretching approach, the strongly well‐posed perfectly matched layer (PML) formulations are derived in cylindrical and spherical coordinates. A comparison of the results obtained using the multidomain pseudospectral method and those using the finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) method clearly illustrates the superiority of the algorithm developed in this paper. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 47: 92–96, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21091
Electric-field effects on the diffuse scattering in Pb Zn 1/3 Nb 2/3 O 3 doped with 8% PbTi O 3

We report measurements of the neutron diffuse scattering from a single crystal of the relaxor ferroelectric Pb(Zn_1/3Nb_2/3)O_3 doped with 8% PbTiO_3 (PZN-8%PT) for temperatures 100 K < T < 530 K and electric fields 0 kV/cm < E < 10 kV/cm. The diffuse scattering is strongly suppressed transverse to the (003) Bragg peak at 400 K for E = 2 kV/cm applied along the [001] direction. However, no change in the diffuse scattering is observed transverse to (300), even for field strengths up to 10 kV/cm. Thus the application of an external electric field in the tetragonal phase does not produce a macroscopically polarized state. This unusual behavior can be understood within the context of the Hirota et al. phase-shifted polar nanoregion (PNR) model of the relaxor diffuse scattering, since an electric field E oriented parallel to [001] would remove the shift of the nanoregions along [001] while preserving those along the orthogonal [100] direction.
Extreme Spectra of Var Models and Orders of Near‐Cointegration

Abstract. In this paper, we study the spectral properties of a bivariate vector autoregressive VAR(p) model when a root z0 = ρ0eiλ0 of the determinant of the model's characteristic matrix Φ(z) approaches the unit circle, the border of non‐stationarity. Let Φxx(z), Φxy(z), Φyx(z), Φyy(z) be the polynomial elements of Φ(z). We show that, depending on the relation of the order of z0 as root of det(Φ(z)) with the orders of z0 as root of Φij(z), (i,j ∈ {x,y}), the two marginal spectra may tend to infinity at λ0, while the coherence may tend to unity at λ0. We investigate the conditions under which any of the above will occur, in detail. In the specific case where z0→1, the marginal series will be near‐integrated of certain orders of near‐integration, while there will eventually exist a linear combination of them with a lower order of near‐integration. We study the possible combinations of their orders of near‐integration. Finally, we develop a strategy with the help of which one may define a VAR(p) model with pre‐specified extreme spectral features and give some examples. Beyond the benefits of this latter for VAR model simulation, the analysis has, moreover, implications concerning the adequacy of VAR model fitting.
Magnetization Changes and Losses in Conducting Ferromagnetic Materials

This paper discusses magnetization changes and the losses associated with them in bulk metallic magnetic materials, whose behavior is determined by eddy currents. The various reversal mechanisms in these materials, the conditions under which each is operative, the losses associated with each, and the dependence of the behavior on various parameters are discussed.The eddy‐current‐limited motion of an isolated domain wall is first considered. The behavior in increasingly large fields and the transition to a collapsing cylindrical or double planar wall in high fields are examined. The hysteresis loops and losses calculated for the isolated wall, the collapsing cylindrical wall, and the double planar wall are discussed for various conditions of excitation. The effects brought about in the low‐frequency case by the presence of more than one wall are described, reviewing the results of theoretical calculations for multiple‐wall configurations and the experimental results obtained with the superposed‐high‐freque.
Mark-Recapture Estimation of Salmon Smolt Runs

SUMMARY In order to estimate the daily numbers of sockeye salmon smolts leaving a lake on their migration to the ocean, some fish were captured each day as they were leaving the lake, marked with a tag coded to indicate the day of marking, and released back into the lake. The run from the lake was sampled every day and the number of recaptures from each previous day of marking was recorded. No fish was marked more than once. Several methods of analysing these data are discussed along with the assumptions they entail. The method involving the minimum number of parameters appears to be both biologically reasonable and computationally feasible for routine application. Another method, valid if a nearly constant fraction of the run was sampled each day, has also proved useful in practice. Examples of these analyses are given.
The distribution of galaxies within the 'Great Wall'

The galaxy distribution within the 'Great Wall', the most striking feature in the first three 'slices' of the CfA redshift survey extension is examined. The Great Wall is extracted from the sample and is analyzed by counting galaxies in cells. The 'local' two-point correlation function within the Great Wall is computed and the local correlation length, is estimated 15/h Mpc, about 3 times larger than the correlation length for the entire sample. The redshift distribution of galaxies in the pencil-beam survey by Broadhurst et al. (1990) shows peaks separated about by large 'voids', at least to a redshift of about 0.3. The peaks might represent the intersections of their about 5/h Mpc pencil beams with structures similar to the Great Wall. Under this hypothesis, sampling of the Great Walls shows that l approximately 12/h Mpc is the minimum projected beam size required to detect all the 'walls' at redshifts between the peak of the selection function and the effective depth of the survey.
Star forming regions in a sample of HST spiral galaxies

Aims. The presence of small- and large-scale star formation structures in a sample of six spiral Hubble Space Telescope (HST) galaxies is investigated to identify small structures of young stars known as OB associations and to tell whether they are formed inside larger scale star forming stellar structures in a hierarchical form. Methods. This process was based on a friend-of-friend (FOF) algorithm applied to the bright, early type stars above a certain color cuto ﬀ limit in order to ensure that we include main sequence stars. A size criterion was introduced in order to apply the same algorithm to di ﬀ erent types of stellar structures. Depending on their size, the structures were divided into the four categories of associations, aggregates, complexes, and supercomplexes. Results. Star forming structures of the four types mentioned above are found in all six galaxies of our sample. The majority of the associations and aggregates (the smaller structures) found are lying inside larger structures like complexes and supercomplexes, indicating a hierarchical star formation mechanism.
Optimization of particle image velocimeters

An analytical model and a computational simulation of a double-pulsed planar particle image velocimetry (PIV) system are used here to optimize the performance of PIV for a full 2D interrogation by either spatial correlation or Young''s fringes. The similarity between correlation methods and full 2D Fourier transform methods is outlined, and differences between the optimal parameters for each method are explained. The mean properties of the spatial autocorrelation function and the Fourier transform of the Young''s fringes are developed both theoretically and using analytical models based on experimental results.
Buoyant spreading processes in pollutant transport and mixing Part 1: Lateral spreading with ambient current advection

Buoyant spreading phenomena are driven by the buoyant horizontal spreading force that arises from the density difference between the mixed effluent and the surrounding ambient fluid. Such spreading effects, occurring at either water surface, or bottom, or at terminal levels within an ambient density stratification, are significant transport and mixing processes. A model for the lateral buoyant spreading within a currentadvected plume is formulated including several distinct mechanisms: convective spreading with frontal drag effects, interfacial friction, entrainment at the density front, shear flow entrainment, wind-induced entrainment, and surface heat exchange. Also, a criterion, based on a flux Richardson number, has been developed that delineates the transition between the spreading phase and the subsequent passive ambient diffusion regime. The buoyant spreading model is implemented within the Cornell Mixing Zone Expert System (CORMIX). Comparisons with available laboratory and field data support the .
Functional divergence of orthologous temperature-sensitive mutations in C. elegans and C. briggsae

To learn if orthologous mutations are temperature-sensitive in related species, we studied four C. briggsae mutations orthologous to alleles of important C. elegans genes. Both Cel-glp-4(bn2) and Cbr-glp-4(v473) are temperature-sensitive, causing sterility at 25°C. By contrast, Cel-fog-1 ( q253) is strongly ts , but its ortholog Cbr-fog-1(v442) causes a loss-of-function at all temperatures. Finally, the C. elegans glp-1 alleles bn18 and e2141 are ts sterile. However, their C. briggsae orthologs, Cbr-glp-1(v429) and Cbr-glp-1(v438) respectively, are wild-type at all temperatures. Thus, a ts mutation in one species provides clues about how to design ts alleles in another, but all theoretical outcomes are possible.