Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biofunctionalization of Si nanowires using a solution based technique

Here we present a solution based functionalization technique for streptavidin (SA) protein conjugation to silicon nanowires (Si NWs). Si NWs, with a diameter of 110 nm to 130 nm and a length of 5 μm to 10 μm, were functionalized with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) followed by biotin for the selective attachment of SA. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed that the Si NWs were conformally coated with 20 nm to 30 nm thick APTES, biotin, and SA layers upon functionalization. Successful attachment of each bio/organic layer was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and fluorescence microscopy. Fluorescence microscopy also demonstrated that there was an undesirable non-specific binding of the SA protein as well as a control protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), to the APTES-coated Si NWs. However, inhibition of BSA binding and enhancement of SA binding were achieved following the biotinylation step. The biofunctionalized Si NWs show potential as label-free biosensing platforms for the specific and selective detection of biomolecules.
Hot carrier and hot phonon effects on high-speed quantum well lasers

We present a theoretical model to analyze the hot carrier and hot phonon effect on the modulation response of semiconductor quantum well lasers. We find that the carrier heating strongly depends on the energy relaxation time of carriers and the lifetime of longitudinal‐optic (LO) phonons. Furthermore, the carrier heating will significantly decrease the differential gain and increase the nonlinear gain coefficient and thus reduce the modulation bandwidth. From the numerical result, we demonstrate the bottleneck effect of the hot LO phonons on the modulation response of quantum well lasers. This implies that reducing the lifetime of LO phonons, for example, by doping in the quantum well, will most effectively decrease the carrier temperature and thus improve the modulation bandwidth.
Velocity dependence of energy dissipation in dynamic force microscopy : Hysteresis versus viscous damping

The dissipative tip-sample interactions are measured by dynamic force spectroscopy for silicon tips on graphite(0001) in vacuum in the attractive and repulsive regime. The velocity dependence of the energy dissipation is examined by the variation of the oscillation amplitudes. The analysis demonstrates that the energy dissipation is nearly independent of the tip-sample velocity. This indicates that hysteresis effects are the prevailing dissipation mechanisms for silicon tips interacting with the graphite(0001) surface.
Simulating coupled thermal-mechanical interactions in morphing radiators

Thermal control is an important aspect of every spacecraft. The thermal control system (TCS) must maintain the temperature of all other systems within acceptable limits in spite of changes in environmental conditions or heat loads. Most thermal control systems used in crewed vehicles use a two-fluid-loop architecture in order to achieve the flexibility demanded by the mission. The two-loop architecture provides sufficient performance, but it does so at the cost of additional mass. A recently-proposed radiator concept known as a morphing radiator employs shape memory alloys in order to achieve the performance necessary to use a single-loop TCS architecture. However, modeling the behavior of morphing radiators is challenging due to the presence of a unique and complex thermomechanical coupling. In this work, a partitioned analysis procedure is implemented with existing finite element solvers in order to explore the behavior of a possible shape memory alloy-based morphing radiator in a mission-like thermal environment. The results help confirm the theory of operation and demonstrate the ability of this method to support the design and development of future morphing radiators.
Carbon ignition in a rapidly accreting degenerate dwarf - A clue to the nature of the merging process in close binaries.

Recent studies have suggested that the merging of two degenerate dwarfs composed of carbon and oxygen and of total mass larger than the Chandrasekhar limit occurs at a frequency comparable to that of Type I supernovae. The rate at which mass is transferred in the merging process is at present unknown, except that it must be less than some appropriate Eddington limit. It is found that, unless mass transfer occurs at a rate less than one-fifth of the Eddington limit for an isolated dwarf, carbon is ignited off-center, and ignition does not lead immediately to a deflagration. If carbon continues to burn quiescently until it is exhausted throughout the star, a neon-oxygen-magnesium white dwarf will be formed. If a Type I supernova is to follow from merging white dwarfs, a thick disk must be formed as an intermediate stage in the merging process, with transfer from the disk onto the central degenerate dwarf occurring at a rate sufficiently less than Eddington that a deflagration induced by carbon burning occurs. Thus, the outcome of the merging of two massive carbon-oxygen degenerate dwarfs is not trivially a Type I supernova explosion. 43 references.
Infrared imagery of streak formation in a breaking wave

High resolution infrared imagery of breaking waves in a wave-tank free of wind shear or current reveals the production of a “streaky,” quasi-periodic thermal pattern produced during the breaking process. The streaks, or elongated patterns of warm and cold fluid, are found to form only when surface turbulence is present before wave breaking occurs. This suggests that wave-turbulence interaction is one mechanism that can lead to streak formation in breaking wave systems. More specifically, the streaky structures observed in these experiments may be caused by an intense, rapid tilting, and stretching of pre-existing vertical vorticity by the Stokes drift generated at or near the breaking wave crests, thereby generating a coherent system of counter-rotating vortices. We attempt to relate our observations to the recent theory of Teixeira and Belcher [J. Fluid Mech. 458, 229–267 (2002)10.1017/S0022112002007838]. Some properties of the streaks, such as the dependence of their lifetimes and spanwise scale on wave.
Evolution of Disturbances in Entropy Layer on Blunted Plate in Supersonic Flow

Linear and nonlinear stability analyses of the entropy layer over a blunted plate are discussed. Results of the linear stability theory are compared with the direct numerical solution of the Euler equations when a disturbance of prescribed frequency is imposed on the mean flow. A solver of the Euler equations based on the space-time conservation element/solution element method predicts linear and nonlinear dynamics of unstable disturbances with high accuracy. The nonlinear effect demonstrates a trend to saturation of the entropy-layer disturbances
Fundamental Parameters of Low-Mass Stars from Broadband Photometry. I. Method and First Results

Spectral energy distributions from recent model atmospheres covering a broad range of temperature and metallicity are used to synthesize colors for low-mass stars. Color-color diagrams can therefore be prepared in which each point corresponds to a particular combination of Teff and M/H. Comparison of observed with synthetic colors yields estimates of those parameters generally, but not necessarily under the assumption that log gcgs = 5. Results are presented for twelve stars of astrophysical interest.
Effect of GFP expression on the sensitivity of glioma cell lines to photodynamic therapy

Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-expressing cells are customarily used in a variety of in vitro and in vivo studies and assays to ease visualization and localization. Nonetheless, the effects of EGFP expression on cellular responsivity to Photodynamic therapy (PDT), a combination therapy combining a photoactive drug and light, have yet to be characterized. To address this effect, rat astrocytoma cells (CNS-1), a lentivirus-transduced EGFP variant (CNS-1 GFP), human glioblastoma (U-87), and the transfected EGFP variant (U-87 GFP) are analyzed in terms of cell survival following PDT mediated by two different photoactive drugs. Cell survival is quantified via colony forming assays and Alamar blue assays, as a function of light dose, using the photosensitizers Photofrin (1ug ml-1 for 24h) and ALA (200ug ml-1 for 5h). Furthermore, effect of GFP expression on the responsivity to Cisplatin, a DNA-binding chemotherapeutic agent is determined for these cell lines. Our results show that EGFP expression does not affect the responsivity of Photofrin-PDT in comparison to parental cell lines (non GFP expressing cells), but does alter that of ALA-PDT. No change in responsivity is observed for Cisplatin treatment for either cell line. These results can be explained by oxidative stress induced by EGFP expression. This work will establish under which circumstances it is appropriate to use EGFP-expressing cell lines in the context of PDT preclinical research in vivo and in vitro.
Output Feedback Control of Mechanical Systems with Application to Spacecraft and Robots

The motion control problem for a class of mechanical systems is addressed. The system configuration can be represented in terms of a set of generalized coordinates in R n and l rotation matrices in the special orthogonal (SO)(3) group. A key point is the choice of a globally valid parameterization of SO(3) in lieu of the usual three-parameter representations. To this end, the unit quaternion is adopted. A novel control law is proposed that is based on a velocity observer to avoid velocity measurements. Exponential tracking of the commanded motion trajectory is proven via the Lyapunov direct method. The proposed controller-observer scheme is first applied in a simulation case study to the attitude control of a rigid spacecraft. Then, the problem of position and orientation control of the end effector of a robot manipulator is considered. For the latter case, experimental results are provided to show the potential of the approach in tackling practical problems.
Does a brass‐instrument’s timbre depend on the alloy from which it is made?

Most brass players with a few years experience would give an affirmative answer to the question posed in the title. In the past, audible differences have proven elusive when pursued through spectral analysis of sustained tones, perhaps because the right question was not asked. This talk will examine several attributes of trombone spectra. The trombone used has a “modular construction” so that different bells can easily be installed on an otherwise unchanged instrument. A clear difference, consistent with the player’s and listener’s perception of the tone quality, emerges between yellow brass (70% Cu, 30% Zn) and red brass (90% Cu, 10% Zn). Transient behavior, particularly during the attack, is at least as important to the performer as sustained sounds. Here, too, differences are attributed to the alloy. Yellow brass is characterized by “crisp” attacks, red brass by “rounded” attacks. This talk will also analyze attack transients, even though attacks that are perceived as similar appear quite variable when examined in detail.
Implications of Experiments on the Weak Undular Bore

The behavior of the nonlinear dispersive waves observed behind weak undular bores is studied using available experimental information. Calculations on cnoidal wave theory using the measured wavelengths and amplitudes lead to the unexpected result that in bore‐fixed coordinates the energy and momentum of the flow under the waves are larger than in the upstream flow. This can only be due to the action in the experiments of the unsteady boundary layer on the channel bottom, for this boundary layer has a negative momentum thickness. Therefore, the dissipation near the front that is known to be a necessary condition for the existence of the steady periodic waves is shown to occur on the bottom of the channel.
Measurement accuracy of fringe projection depending on surface normal direction

An accuracy analysis of fringe projection systems is performed taking into account the geometric properties of the sensor and the surface shape of the measuring objects. Especially the deviations of the normal vector directions between the optical axis of projection and observation contribute to differences in the achievable measuring accuracy. An accuracy model was developed which describes the relation between the (fix) geometry of the sensor components and the (variable) conditions of the measurement characterized by a set of parameters on the one side and the measuring accuracy on the other side.
Histogram of oriented gradient detector with color-invariant gradients in Gaussian color space

The histogram of oriented gradients has been proven to be a successful method of object detection, especially for pedestrian detection in images and videos. However, the question of how to make maximal use of color information for gradient calculation has not been thoroughly investigated. We propose a simple yet effective adaption that uses a combination of grayscale-based gradient and color-invariant-based gradients (after Geusebroek et al.) to replace the original gradient definition. Our experiments show that such a combination achieves a 30% reduction in miss rate, using the same experiment setting and the same evaluation criteria as Dalal et al. We have also measured the trade-off between the performance and computational cost by using a more sophisticated quadratic kernel instead of a linear kernel. While it can reduce the miss rate further by 10% to 20%, using a quadratic kernel can take as much as 70 times more running time for the original (Dalal et al. 2006) dataset.
Acoustic cloaking in three dimensions using acoustic metamaterials

A scheme to achieve two dimensional (2D) acoustic cloaking is proposed by Cummer and Schurig [New J. Phys. 9, 45 (2007)] by mapping the acoustic equations to Maxwell’s equations of one polarization in the 2D geometry. We find that the acoustic equation can be mapped to the direct current conductivity equation in three dimensions, which then allows the design of three-dimensional acoustic cloaking using the coordinate transformation scheme. The perfect cloaking effect is confirmed by solving for the scattering problem using the spherical-Bessel function series expansion method.
IMPACT OF WASTEWATER DISCHARGES ON SOME TOXIC METAL CONCENTRATIONS IN THE WATER AND SEDIMENTS OF THE AIN DALLIA DAM, SOUK AHRAS, ALGERIA

The current study aims to assess the impact of wastewater discharges from the Hanancha region on the physico-chemical quality of the Ain Dallia dam’s waters and sediments. Water and sediment samples were collected and analyzed for this purpose between December 2015 and April 2016. TME pollution (Cu, Zn, Fe, and Pb) is assessed using relatively simple principles of measuring concentrations, calculating indices, and comparing them to established standards that vary depending on the element, its toxicity, and the receiving environment. The results show extremely high levels of Cu, Fe, and Pb contamination in the waters of the two dam sites. They clearly show the influence of anthropogenic inputs through the use of domestic wastewater discharges. However, an examination of the results of the three indices of the sediments, namely contamination factor (CF), degree of contamination (DC), and pollution load index (PLI), reveals very high poly metallic contamination. This pollution is caused mainly by zinc and copper.
The dynamical analysis of a new chaotic system and simulation

In this paper, we make a study of dynamical properties of a nonlinear monetary system (1.1) towards the solution of the localization problem of compact invariant sets of the system (1.1). Here, a localization signifies a description of a set containing all compact invariant sets of (1.1) in terms of equalities and inequalities defined in the state space R3. Our approach is based on using the first‐order extremum conditions and is realized with the help of the iterative theory. We claim that all compact invariant sets of this system are located in the intersection of a ball with two frusta, and we also compute its corresponding parameters of the system. In addition, localization with the help of a two‐parameter set of parabolic cylinders is described. Numerical simulation is consistent with the results of theoretical calculation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Red Supergiants in the Southern Milky Way. I. Search and Classification Techniques

A detailed description of a continuing survey for distant, cool supergiants near the galactic plane in the southern hemisphere is presented. Candidate stars are found on near-infrared objective-prism plates, and confirming observations are made with near-infrared narrow-band photometry and medium-resolution CCD spectroscopy. The fluxes of 36 southern and equatorial standard stars for the eight-color narrowband system are given. It is shown how stars are classified in temperature and luminosity type and how the photometry is used to derive distances and reddening
Electrically tunable fiber-integrated Yb-doped laser covering 74 nm based on a fiber Bragg grating array

Fiber lasers provide the foundation to combine an excellent beam quality in single mode operation with a robust and highly efficient design. Based on fiber-integrated configurations, they are employed in many different applications ranging from industry over research to medical technology. However, there is lots of potential to approach even new fields of applications e.g. in spectroscopy based on tunable systems with an adjustable emission wavelength. We present a novel tuning concept for pulsed fiber-integrated laser systems using an array of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) as discrete spectral filter. Based on stacking many standard FBGs, the bandwidth and filter properties are easy to scale by increasing the number of gratings allowing huge tuning ranges as well as tailored tuning characteristics. In this work, we demonstrate the potential of this electrically controlled tuning concept. Using an Ytterbium (Yb)-doped fiber laser, we investigate the general tuning characteristics. With variable pulse durations in the nanosecond regime, we demonstrate high signal contrast (~45 dB), excellent wavelength stability and narrow linewidth (<15 GHz). In order to highlight the great spectral freedom, a tuning range of 74 nm in the Yb band is realized which, to the best of our knowledge, is the largest bandwidth reported based on a monolithic filter design.
Control of core-shell structure and elemental composition of binary quantum dots

The possibility of initial stage control of the elemental composition and core/shell structure of binary SiC quantum dots by optimizing temporal variation of Si and C incoming fluxes and surface temperatures is shown via hybrid numerical simulations. Higher temperatures and influxes encourage the formation of a stoichiometric outer shell over a small carbon-enriched core, whereas lower temperatures result in a larger carbon-enriched core, Si-enriched undershell, and then a stoichiometric SiC outer shell. This approach is generic and is applicable to a broad range of semiconductor materials and nanofabrication techniques.
AC loss measurement and simulation of a coated conductor pancake coil with ferromagnetic parts

Magnetic diverters are commonly used in order to reduce the AC loss in superconducting coils. However, they have not been proved to work on YBa2Cu3O7−x-coated conductor coils. Moreover, modeling tools are required for predicting the resulting AC loss and understanding the loss mechanisms. In this paper, a coated conductor pancake coil with ferromagnetic diverter is measured and simulated. The magnetic diverter reduces the AC loss but the critical current practically does not change. Our simulations show that a diverter wider than that in the measurements can reduce the loss below that of a single strip. Therefore, the optimum diverter size should be obtained by simulations.
Spatiotemporal Stochastic Open-Channel Flow. II: Simulation Experiments

Spatiotemporal solutions for open-channel flow are obtained in a stochastic setting using field data on parameter variability. Statistical descriptions of the flow variables are estimated through Monte Carlo simulation using finite difference equations for a 10-km reach of the Columbia River. Results indicate considerable uncertainty in predicted flow behavior: ensemble coefficients of variation at different space-time locations ranged from 0.18–0.60 for flow velocity and from 0.04–0.13 for flow depth. The band widths between the 16% and 84% quantiles were typically 0.6–1.4 m/s and 5–7 m, respectively, for velocity and depth. Probability distributions for predicted velocities were found to be gamma, lognormal, or Weibull, whereas those for depth were normal, gamma, and, in a few cases, lognormal. The various quantiles of the predicted variables are associated with notions of risk, reliability, and variability that influence engineering decisions. Sensitivity of the level of uncertainty in predicted flow v.
Study of ultrahigh Atwood-number Rayleigh–Taylor mixing dynamics using the nonlinear large-eddy simulation method

The Nonlinear Large-Eddy Simulation (nLES) method [G. C. Burton, “The nonlinear large-eddy simulation method (nLES) applied to Sc≈1 and Sc⪢1 passive-scalar mixing,” Phys. Fluids 20, 035103 (2008)] is employed in the first numerical study of multimode miscible Rayleigh–Taylor instability (RTI) in the ultrahigh Atwood-number regime above A≥0.90. The present work focuses on the dynamics of turbulent mixing at the large density ratios that may be encountered in certain astrophysical contexts and engineering applications. Using the initial condition from the landmark (N=30723) direct numerical study of Cabot and Cook [W. Cabot and A. W. Cook, “Reynolds number effects on Rayleigh-Taylor instability with possible implications for type-Ia supernovae,” Nat. Phys. 2, 562 (2006)], the nLES method is first validated in simulations of A=0.5 RTI mixing and is shown to recover important statistical measures of the mixing process, such as bubble and spike growth rates and mixing efficiency reported in that study, but at .
An inverse scattering problem for dirac equations with time-dependent electromagnetic potentials

We consider an inverse scattering problem, by using a time-dependent method, for the Dirac equation with a time-dependent electromagnetic field. The Fourier transform of the field is reconstructed from the scattering operator on a Lorents invariant set (0.1) D: = {(T,&€=R*R3M<c\ft} in the dual space of the space-time. As corollaries of this result, we can reconstruct the electromagnetic field completely if it is a finite sum of fields each of which is a time-independent one by a suitable Lorentz transform, and we can also determine the field uniquely if the fields satisfies some exponential decay condition. Our assumptions and results are independent of a choice of inertial frames.