Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Protection requirements for a multi-terminal meshed DC grid

Multi-terminal high voltage direct current (HVDC) or meshed DC grid is considered to be the preferable option for the much anticipated future supergrid for Europe. This supergrid should connect distant generators to increase the introduction of renewable energy sources and to provide an increased security to the pan- European power system. Although many technical limitations remain, the protection system is often regarded as the most critical one. The protection system for a meshed DC system has particular diﬃculties compared to the traditional AC system because of the DC current that has no zero crossings and the line impedance that does not limit the fault current. As a consequence, the DC currents will rise much faster and interrupting the fault current is signiﬁcantly more diﬃcult in the meshed DC than it is in an AC meshed system. Furthermore, traditional protection devices such as impedance relays cannot be used. New alternatives must be found, such as considering a joint strategy between the protection devices and the VSC converter controls. In order to provide a reliable supply of electric energy, the protection system of a meshed DC system should have a number of minimum requirements: fast fault detection, selectivity in opening the correct breakers, and redundancy.This paper discusses the diﬀerent requirements for the protection of a multi-terminal meshed HVDC system. It will provide a list of boundary conditions for such a protection system, as well as an overview of the current state of the technology and the remaining gaps. Some pointers to potential technologies that may be used in the future grid protection are given. The paper will not focus on hardware developments, but will rather indicate the requirements that these devices (or joint set of devices) must fulﬁll.
Experimental Analysis of Dampened Breathing Mode Oscillation on Hall Thruster Performance

Abstract : Experiments were performed at AFIT to determine the effect of active control of the magnetic field strength to reduce the breathing mode oscillation on the efficiency of a 200W Hall thruster. The breathing mode oscillation amplitude was measured by the root mean square (RMS) variation in the AC portion of the discharge current. Experiments were run using krypton and xenon propellant. Using the xenon propellant control of the RMS improved the propellant utilization efficiency by approximately 2% in two cases, while reducing the magnet current efficiency by about 10%. Control of the RMS's effect on the divergence angle of the plume was unable to be determined due to error. The overall effect was to decrease the total efficiency by about 5%. Using krypton, the effect on the propellant utilization was unable to be determined due to error. Control of the RMS decreased the magnet current efficiency by about 11%. The divergence angle was reduced by about 3 , resulting in an overall decrease in total efficiency of about 6%. Overall, utilizing control of the RMS can be useful in satellites whose payload requires more power than the thruster, as they would be able to make use of the increase in propellant utilization without exceeding power capabilities.
Pitch and torque control of variable speed wind turbines

In this thesis the torque, speed and pitch angle control of variable speed wind turbine is investigated. In particular, it concentrates on the extraction of maximum available energy, reduction of torque and output power variations, which gives stresses in the gearbox and mechanical structure. The control concentrates on separate wind speed internals as well as on whole wind speed region. It is found that the control structures varies substantially between the wind speed regions. Finally the result are compared with measurement made on 2 variable speed turbines.
Intelligent Equalisation Principles and Techniques for Minimising Masking when Mixing the Extreme Modern Metal Genre.

The intensity, complexity and energy of performance, combined with the power and density of the tones involved are characteristics of the extreme metal genre. These characteristics present numerous problems when striving to achieve the clarity, definition and hyper-realism of performance required for this genres production. Avoiding masking in a mix is a fundamental aspect of clarity, definition, intelligibility and perceived loudness and due to the fact that masking especially occurs in a dense mix, and is more pronounced in low frequencies, is particularly applicable to mixing the downtuned extreme metal genre. Masking in simple terms is the ability of frequencies of one sound to obscure or inhibit (i.e. mask) the frequencies of another sound. This paper will draw upon the first author’s eight years of experience producing within the metal genre, including releases through Sony and Universal and working with the likes of Colin Richardson and Andy Sneap.
Evaluating the Efficacy of a Childhood Lead Poisoning Risk Model as an Accurate Predictor of Lead Exposure

Lead poisoning is a significant public health problem with paint from old housing exposing thousands of children and leading to negative health and social outcomes. Identifying the highest risk children exposed to lead is important to public health agencies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and assess the efficacy of a new geographically-based lead risk model that when combined with a child's physical address, predicts the extent of a child's risk of lead poisoning on a numeric risk scale. This model is unique because it calculates risk at the address level from parcel attributes of age and type of housing (rental or owner-occupied) combined and adjusted with historic blood lead surveillance data to create a final predictive risk map. If found efficacious, the model would assist lead poisoning prevention programs in being more cost effective by creating a verified approach for targeting prevention efforts. To assess the models efficacy, a pilot study was conducted using three years (N=2429) of blood lead records from Macon-Bibb County, which has the second highest prevalence rate of lead exposure in Georgia. Physical addresses obtained from the blood lead records were geocoded and assigned a risk by the model. The predictive risk was compared to blood lead results and statistically analyzed to determine if risk increased with increased blood lead results. Results demonstrated the risk model accurately estimated risk when compared to blood lead levels with statistical significance. This model can be used to target the highest risk homes and children for public health interventions and to identify low risk Medicaid children for exemption from lead testing.
DEVELOPMENT OF A GENERIC GMCC SIMULATOR

This document describes the development and current status of a high fidelity, human-in-the-loop simulator for Airway Facilities Maintenance Control Centers and Operations Control Centers. Applications include: event manager, maintenance automation system software, and a weather display. The simulator, based on existing airspace used in air traffic control simulations, is self-contained and generic in nature. Discussed are the advantages and uses for such a simulator and presented are maps, standard operating procedures, and scenarios.
A Note on Separability of the Profit Function

Based on the concept of translation elasticity we restate in this note the Fare and Grosskopf’s [1] conditions for additive separability of the profit function. We show that for the profit function to be additively separable, the technology must satisfy both simultaneous input-and-output translation homotheticity and graph translation homotheticity.
Artificial intelligence and the conduct of literature reviews

Artificial intelligence (AI) is beginning to transform traditional research practices in many areas. In this context, literature reviews stand out because they operate on large and rapidly growing volumes of documents, that is, partially structured (meta)data, and pervade almost every type of paper published in information systems research or related social science disciplines. To familiarize researchers with some of the recent trends in this area, we outline how AI can expedite individual steps of the literature review process. Considering that the use of AI in this context is in an early stage of development, we propose a comprehensive research agenda for AI-based literature reviews (AILRs) in our field. With this agenda, we would like to encourage design science research and a broader constructive discourse on shaping the future of AILRs in research.
The Determinants of Phubbing Behaviour: a Millenials Perspective

In this contemporary world, where disruptive technologies are making their way to change the entire lifestyle of a mankind, smart phones have emerged to be a life changer. The smart phones which contain the features of pocket computers possess many properties which include camera, internet, online video streaming, game applications and social media networking. However, despite their obvious advantages in bringing people together virtually, smartphones on the contrary have pulled the people apart in reality. Further, the increased usage of smartphone has given birth to different addictions which create the tendencies for the basis of „Phubbing‟. The term „Phubbing‟ is a combination of two words „phone‟ and „snubbing‟. According to oxford dictionary, phubbing is “The practice of ignoring one's companion or companions in order to pay attention to one's phone or other mobile device” led to hamper the social relationships and romantic satisfaction, that ultimately resulting into a partner‟s depression and dissatisfaction with life. The use of phone during a conversation interfere the sense of connection to the other person, and obstructs the quality of the conversation. Therefore, a deep understanding and insight is required in this area so as to protect & develop young brain socially and proactively. Keeping this in mind, a study was conducted among the millennial of Delhi (India) region so as to identify the key antecedents of Phubbing behavior. For the present study, 360 responses were collected through Purposive sampling technique. The study found that Watsapp addiction; Game addiction and Social Media addiction are the major determinants in affecting phubbing behavior of the millennial.
Rogowski Coil with Ferromagnetic Core for Precise Monitoring of Low-frequency Currents

Sensitivity of precise Rogowski coils can be increased by using low-permeability magnetic core instead of air core. This allows to increase the resolution for small current values. We have studied an impact of cores with µr = 14 and 26 on linearity, frequency dependence, crosstalk from external currents and sensitivity to misplacement of the measured current. Both 3D FEM simulations and measurement were used. While we found negligible effect on crosstalk and resistance to misplacement and also on frequency characteristics, the linearity was significantly degraded. However, the linearity error in case of µr = 14, 80 mm diameter Rogowski coil with 1000 A range is still below 0.2 %, which is sufficient for energy meters.
Compact Dual Circularly Polarized Swastika Shaped Antenna for L-band Small Satellite Applications

In this paper, a novel dual circular polarized antenna is proposed. The main radiating element of the proposed design is made-up with swastika shaped crossed dipoles. A circular parasitic patch element is placed on top of it to enhance mutual coupling between the crossed dipoles. A dual feed with quadrature phase difference is employed to realize dual circular polarization. A metallic cavity is utilized to maximize the antenna gain and axial ratio bandwidth. The proposed CP antenna with AR bandwidth of 670 MHz (1.18 _ 1.85 GHz) finds its suitability for L-band small satellite applications like satellite communication, navigation (like GPS, GLONASS etc.) and satellite broadcasting.
Noise suppression with high speech quality based on weighted noise estimation for 3G handsets

A noise suppression algorithm with high speech quality based on weighted noise estimation and MMSE STSA (Minimum Mean Square Error, Short Time Spectral Amplitude) is proposed. The proposed algorithm continuously updates the estimated noise by weighted noisy speech in accordance with an estimated SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio). With a better noise estimate, a more correct SNR is obtained resulting in enhanced speech with low distortion. Subjective evaluation results show that five-grade mean opinion scores of the new algorithm with a speech codec is improved by as much as 0.35, compared with either the original MMSE STSA or the EVRC (Enhanced Variable Rate Codec) noise suppression algorithm. A later version of this noise suppressor satisfies all the 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) minimum performance requirements. The latest FOMA® terminal, N2102V produced by NEC, is the world's first 3G handset equipped with this 3GPP-endorsed noise suppressor.
Research on a Safety Helmet Detection Method Based on Smart Construction Site

In last few years, deep learning has made great progress in image recognition research, which has led to the rapid development of target detection technology. There are many deep learning frameworks, such as TensorFlow, Caffe, Theano, Torch, etc. And TensorFlow is currently one of the most mature mainstream frameworks. Based on the concept of smart construction sites, this paper puts forward a design method for detecting safety helmet system in response to frequent accidents on construction sites. Use TensorFlow's image recognition framework to train a deep learning SSD detection and recognition model to achieve accurate detection and recognition of whether a helmet is worn.
IoT based 2D Indoor Navigation System using BLE Beacons and Dijkstra's Algorithm

Global Positioning System (GPS) has made it very convenient for the world to move at a quick pace due to its contribution in picking up locations, velocities as well as providing time synchronization. Due to poor signal strength and increased complexity involved in detailing, it is inefficient for indoor navigation over outdoor navigation. Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacons-based positioning systems are used for Indoor mapping instead. The proposed system intends on establishing a 2D indoor navigation system by locating a user's position, acquiring the details of the destination of choice and calculating a path for navigation. This is achieved using a designed Indoor Positioning System (IPS) and Dijkstra's algorithm. The model also uses Internet of Things (IoT) edge technology to enhance performance and provide a platform for further analysis. An academic block of our university is considered as the testbed for the system and the obtained experimental results are discussed.
Numerical Simulation of Tin Halide Perovskite Solar Cell using Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator

Perovskite solar cells (PSC) are becoming increasingly popular owing to its elevated power conversion efficiency. Therefore, in this paper, tin halide perovskite solar cell which is non-toxic in nature is presented with the structure of Sn02:F|ZnSe | CH<inf>3</inf>NH<inf>3</inf>SnI<inf>3</inf>| CuO | Ni and numerically investigated using SCAPS-1D. In the reported PSC, fluorine-doped tin oxide (SnO2:F) is employed as transparent conducting oxide layer, zinc selenide (ZnSe) as electron transport layer (ETL), CH3NH3SnI3 as perovskite absorber layer, copper oxide (CuO) as hole transport layer (HTL) and nickel (Ni) as back contact. We evaluated the PSC performance by varying the thickness (350nm-450nm), acceptor density (3.2 × 10<sup>13</sup>cm<sup>-3-3.2</sup>x10<sup>17</sup>cm-<sup>3</sup>) and defect density (4.5×10<sup>11</sup>cm-<sup>3</sup>- 4.5×10<sup>15</sup>cm-<sup>3</sup>) of perovskite absorber layer at temperature of 300K. In addition, the influence of the operating temperature on cell performance of tin halide PSC has studied. It has been demonstrated that, the presented tin halide PSC obtained maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) 27.26%, open circuit voltage (Voc) 1.0222V, short-circuit current density (J<inf>sc</inf>) 31.94mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, Fill Factor (FF) 83.50% with the thickness (450nm), acceptor density (3.2×10<sup>15</sup>) and defect density (4.5×10<sup>13</sup>) of the tin halide perovskite absorber layer. The result of this numerical demonstration indicates that CH3NH3SnI3 has a great potential as an absorber layer of environment friendly PSCs.
Emergency Locket for Women using Blynk and IFTTT based on the Internet of Things

In today's worldwide scenario women face various difficulties and the need to find a solution to this has become a major concern. Recent evaluations made by the World Health Organization indicated that nearly 30% of women worldwide have been exposed to some type of abuse or harassment. Hence, we proposed a solution to this by creating a smart locket that can be used very easily whenever they sense a threat. The locket is embedded with an ESP8266 microcontroller, pressure sensor, push button, and a buzzer and it assists with giving well-being to women effectively. When a troublesome situation occurs the press button or pressure sensor can be used to activate the device and the buzzer. Through the utilization of the Blynk application, we obtain the latitude and longitude based on mobile phone GPS, and a message, a voice call, and an email will be sent to the predefined contacts with the assistance of the IFTTT innovation in such circumstances. This new device based on the Internet of Things will lead to a safer environment for women.
Performance Assessment of a Wide-Bandgap-Semiconductor Dual-Active-Bridge Converter for Electrical Vehicles

Dc-dc converters can be found in different kinds of electric vehicles (EVs), Their main function is to accommodate voltages and currents to the motor or other EV systems requirements. The use of wide-bandgap (WBG) devices can improve the efficiency of silicon-based power converters, qualifying also for higher switching frequencies. In this article the features of a dual active bridge (DAB) converter are studied. The high voltage side of the DAB is implemented with Silicon Carbide (SiC) MOSFETs. For the low voltage side two types of devices are used: either Gallium Nitride (GaN) enhancement high-electron-mobility transistors (e-HEMTs) or SiC MOSFETs. The influence of switching frequency and output power on the efficiency are evaluated. The parallel connection of GaN devices is proposed to overcome the device current limits and thus increase the overall DAB converter output power. A feedback controller has been designed to reduce the effects on the output voltage of load changes. The DAB converter evaluation has been realized by using MATLAB/Simulink and PLECS software.
In-situ automatic measuring device for ammonia volatilization in farmland

Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer has caused the reduction of nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency, resource waste and environmental problems in our country. There are disadvantages of long sampling and heavy workload using the traditional methods of acid absorption and box method for farmland ammonia volatilization measurement. In order to meet the application needs for on-line automatic measurement of ammonia volatilization in farmland, an in-situ automatic measurement device for ammonia volatilization was designed combined with laser spectroscopy technology. The main body of the measurement device is an integrated sampling box, with the advantages of long optical path measurement, heat resistance and corrosion resistance. The control circuit of the sampling box used ARM as the main controller for environmental data monitoring, automatic opening and closing of the cover and lens temperature controlling. The ammonia volatilization results were analyzed by the data acquisition and processing system after the laser passed through the sampling box to obtain ammonia spectroscopy signal. The device was used for observation at Fengqiu Ecological Station, CAS. The results showed that the ammonia volatilization rose rapidly after 90 minutes for nitrogen fertilizer applying, and it decreased gradually to a low value after 270 minutes. According to the experimental results, the continuous measurement time for cover closing can be set to 3 minutes, and the cover opening time can be set to 3 to 5 minutes. The working performance of the automatic measurement device was verified through these experiments, with the advantages of low power consumption, high measurement sensitivity, and no gas sampling. It realizes insitu automatic measurement for ammonia volatilization in farmland with the natural respiration condition of the soil.
Effect of Packet Retransmission on VoWiFi Cell Capacity Using IEEE 802.11ac for VBR Traffic

The demand for Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) is increasing tremendously. Due to a lack of cellular signal strength, ongoing cellular calls may suffer a degradation in Quality-of-Service (QoS) or become disconnected from the cell tower. Voice over WiFi (VoWiFi) is the best alternative in this scenario, because it provides users with the same benefits as they receive from the cellular tower. In our study, we have considered the VoWiFi as Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) over WiFi. To prevent the bandwidth wastage due to background noise, we have incorporated silence suppression for Variable Bit Rate (VBR) traffic. As a result, the capacity of VoWiFi cell can be increased relative to the Constant Bit Rate (CBR) traffic. Additionally, we used Arbitration Inter-frame Spacing (AIFS) and Compressed RTP (cRTP) to increase the VoWiFi cell capacity of IEEE 802.11ac (i.e. fifth generation Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) standard) Access Point (AP). We used the DCF Interframe Spacing (DIFS) and AIFS to compare the results of CBR and VBR traffics. Furthermore, we applied the retransmission mechanism to avoid VoWiFi voice packet loss and compared the results using DIFS and AIFS to determine their effectiveness.
Computer Information Processing Technology Based on Data Mining Technology

With the explosion of data, the importance of making good use of data is gradually highlighted, which brings challenges and good opportunities to commercial banks. Whether we can make good use of big data of huge customers has become the key to risk management of commercial banks. The profit obtained by commercial banks through lending accounts for a large part of the total profit, so whether commercial banks can carry out scientific credit risk management and reduce the bad debt rate is the key to improve the profit of commercial banks. Traditional commercial banks should keep pace with the times, explore the “gold mine” of big data, improve their credit risk management level, and improve their profitability on the premise of ensuring security. In this paper, through the analysis of data mining technology, on the basis of a commercial bank in our province, the practice test calculation shows that the maximum value of cumulative proportion difference is 0.3355.