Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric Distributions of Achromatic Bipolar Cells in the Mouse Retina

In the retina, evolutionary changes can be traced in the topography of photoreceptors. The shape of the visual streak depends on the height of the animal and its habitat, namely, woods, prairies, or mountains. Also, the distribution of distinct wavelength-sensitive cones is unique to each animal. For example, UV and green cones reside in the ventral and dorsal regions in the mouse retina, respectively, whereas in the rat retina these cones are homogeneously distributed. In contrast with the abundant investigation on the distribution of photoreceptors and the third-order neurons, the distribution of bipolar cells has not been well understood. We utilized two enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) mouse lines, Lhx4-EGFP (Lhx4) and 6030405A18Rik-EGFP (Rik), to examine the topographic distributions of bipolar cells in the retina. First, we characterized their GFP-expressing cells using type-specific markers. We found that GFP was expressed by type 2, type 3a, and type 6 bipolar cells in the Rik mice and by type 3b, type 4, and type 5 bipolar cells in the Lhx4 mice. All these types are achromatic. Then, we examined the distributions of bipolar cells in the four cardinal directions and three different eccentricities of the retinal tissue. In the Rik mice, GFP-expressing bipolar cells were more highly observed in the nasal region than those in the temporal retina. The number of GFP cells was not different along with the ventral-dorsal axis. In contrast, in the Lhx4 mice, GFP-expressing cells occurred at a higher density in the ventral region than in the dorsal retina. However, no difference was observed along the nasal-temporal axis. Furthermore, we examined which type of bipolar cells contributed to the asymmetric distributions in the Rik mice. We found that type 3a bipolar cells occurred at a higher density in the temporal region, whereas type 6 bipolar cells were denser in the nasal region. The asymmetricity of these bipolar cells shaped the uneven distribution of the GFP cells in the Rik mice. In conclusion, we found that a subset of achromatic bipolar cells is asymmetrically distributed in the mouse retina, suggesting their unique roles in achromatic visual processing.
Intestinal Immune System and Amplification of Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus

Mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) is a virus that induces breast cancer in mice. During lactation, MMTV can transmit from mother to offspring through milk, and Peyer’s patches (PPs) in mouse intestine are the first and specific target organ. MMTV can be transported into PPs by microfold cells and then activate antigen-presenting cells (APCs) by directly binding with Toll-like receptors (TLRs) whereas infect them through mouse transferrin receptor 1 (mTfR1). After being endocytosed, MMTV is reversely transcribed and the cDNA inserts into the host genome. Superantigen (SAg) expressed by provirus is presented by APCs to cognate CD4+ T cells via MHCII molecules to induce SAg response, which leads to substantial proliferation and recruitment of related immune cells. Both APCs and T cells can be infected by MMTV and these extensively proliferated lymphocytes and recruited dendritic cells act as hotbeds for viral replication and amplification. In this case, intestinal lymphatic tissues can actually become the source of infection for the transmission of MMTV in vivo, which results in mammary gland infection by MMTV and eventually lead to the occurrence of breast cancer.
Self-Control and Emotion Regulation Mediate the Impact of Karate Training on Satisfaction With Life

Physical activity is an important determinant of a healthy lifestyle. Regular participation in sports-related activities contributes to the maintenance of good psychophysiological and social health. Long-term physical activity has a positive impact on subjective well-being and can reduce stress. Karate is a specific physical activity which focuses on self-regulation and self-development; therefore, it may reduce impulsivity and improve self-control. Good self-control is also related to satisfaction with life and well-being. The presented study aimed to examine the possible intermediate impact of self-control and emotion regulation on the relationship between karate training and satisfaction with life. Fifty-eight karate practitioners and fifty-nine control subjects participated in the research. The Satisfaction With Life Scale and the Brief Self-Control Scale were applied in order to assess life satisfaction and the general level of self-control. The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire was used to assess suppression and reappraisal, both of which are distinct aspects of emotion regulation. The direct and indirect relationships between karate training and satisfaction with life were investigated using a linear regression model that included self-control, suppression and reappraisal as mediating variables. No direct effects of karate training on satisfaction with life were found, whereas karate training was indirectly associated with satisfaction with life via the indirect path that leads through self-control and reappraisal. This indicates that self-control and reappraisal fully mediate the impact of karate training on subjective well-being. Karate training can therefore play an important role in shaping volitional and personality characteristics, both of which contribute to increasing the well-being of trainees.
The Genetic Control of the Compound Leaf Patterning in Medicago truncatula

Simple and compound which are the two basic types of leaves are distinguished by the pattern of the distribution of blades on the petiole. Compared to simple leaves comprising a single blade, compound leaves have multiple blade units and exhibit more complex and diverse patterns of organ organization, and the molecular mechanisms underlying their pattern formation are receiving more and more attention in recent years. Studies in model legume Medicago truncatula have led to an improved understanding of the genetic control of the compound leaf patterning. This review is an attempt to summarize the current knowledge about the compound leaf morphogenesis of M. truncatula, with a focus on the molecular mechanisms involved in pattern formation. It also includes some comparisons of the molecular mechanisms between leaf morphogenesis of different model species and offers useful information for the molecular design of legume crops.
MECHANISM OF DC BUS VOLTAGE UNBALANCE IN DIODE-CLAMPED MULTILEVEL INVERTERS

Multilevel inverters that provide more than two voltage levels and less distorted waveform offer many benefits for higher power or higher voltage applications. TheDiode-Clamped Multilevel Inverter (DCMLI) does not require a separate dc power source to maintain each voltage level and has been attracting wide industrial interests recently. However, it suffers from problems such as dc bus voltage unbalance and is not widely used in active power transfer. This paper discusses the influence of the load抯 Power Factor(PF) on voltage across each of the dc bus capacitors in DCMLI with the Space Vector method. The mathematic relation between the PF and the capacitors current is presented. In order to know the cause of the voltage unbalance farther, the capacitors current arecalculated qualitative at each of switching states, and the Unbalanced Space Vectors in DCMLI have been found, which should be canceled to maintain the voltage balance across the capacitors, utilizing suitable redundant switching states.Simulation results are given.
Unpacking Digital Accountability: Ensuring efficient and answerable e-governance service delivery

Governments around the world are investing many resources to develop ubiquitous governance networks and information systems; this is seen as the advent of Digital Era Governance (DEG). Government websites or service platforms are replacing the physical offices of government department and in-person state-citizen interactions. It is a transformative shift in not only the workings of the State but also a change in the overall governance ecosystem. Citizens' role as co-creators and participants in policy and initiative design is increasing, and there is a general push for collaborative e-governance. With this study, we attempt to explore how governments can ensure accountability by design and policy, i.e., Digital Accountability in these websites or platforms that are going to act as a one-stop shop for citizens regarding government services. We have taken a multi-method approach to explore the various constituent factors that help build up accountability in any e-government process or websites delivering web services. Best Worst Method (BWM) is employed to find the relative weights of these factors in the chosen context. These are validated using qualitative techniques of Total Interpretative structural modelling, and the Matrix of Cross Impact Multiplications Applied to Classification (TISM-MICMAC). We have also attempted to explore the contextual relationships between these factors and how do they help conceptualise and operationalise digital accountability for e-governance.
Twist: sound reasoning for purity and entanglement in Quantum programs

Quantum programming languages enable developers to implement algorithms for quantum computers that promise computational breakthroughs in classically intractable tasks. Programming quantum computers requires awareness of entanglement, the phenomenon in which measurement outcomes of qubits are correlated. Entanglement can determine the correctness of algorithms and suitability of programming patterns. In this work, we formalize purity as a central tool for automating reasoning about entanglement in quantum programs. A pure expression is one whose evaluation is unaffected by the measurement outcomes of qubits that it does not own, implying freedom from entanglement with any other expression in the computation. We present Twist, the first language that features a type system for sound reasoning about purity. The type system enables the developer to identify pure expressions using type annotations. Twist also features purity assertion operators that state the absence of entanglement in the output of quantum gates. To soundly check these assertions, Twist uses a combination of static analysis and runtime verification. We evaluate Twist’s type system and analyses on a benchmark suite of quantum programs in simulation, demonstrating that Twist can express quantum algorithms, catch programming errors in them, and support programs that existing languages disallow, while incurring runtime verification overhead of less than 3.5%.
Antecedents and consequences of infomercial viewership

A survey of consumers investigated the nature and extent of infomercial viewership. This study assessed differences in viewership based on demographic, media usage and shopper orientation differences among consumers, as well as the relation of viewership to attitude and purchase intent. Viewership was measured in several ways to distinguish breath of viewing experience from depth of viewing experience. Findings suggest that different groups of variables are associated with breadth of viewing and depth of viewing and that breath of viewing and depth of viewing differentially affect attitude and purchase intent.
Auto-creation of Robust Android Malware Family Trees

: Malware targeting Android OS has been increasing for years and Android malware cyberattacks in particular are growing in number. To provide e ﬀ ective countermeasures against Android malware, we need to not only detect the malware at a certain point in time but also analyze the time-series changes in the malware, given that the family of Android malware will increase in number over time. In this paper, we propose a new method for automatically creating a “family tree” of Android malware that can represent how the newly detected Android malware relates to existing Android malware and its families and how they have changed over time. Our evaluation based on two actual Android malware datasets shows that our proposed family tree can accurately represent time-series changes between malware families.
Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Kehadiran Mahasiswa Universitas Universal Menggunakan Mesin Fingerprint X100-C Berbasis Web

Abstract: The presence of students is one of the important things in lecture activities. Student attendance data can be used as an indicator of student discipline and as a determinant of student eligibility to take the exam. The recording of student attendance at Universal University is still done manually by signing the attendance register document. The problem that arises from using the manual method is that a student can sign the attendance of other students, requires supervision, and burdens the administration in managing attendance data. Therefore, this study proposes the design and implementation of a student attendance application using the X100-C fingerprint machine. The application made is presented in the form of a web-based application. Through the attendance application, admin work is helped and minimizes fraud that arises from recording attendance manually using paper. Keywords: Attendance Application; Fingerprint; X100-C Machine Abstrak: Kehadiran mahasiswa menjadi salah satu hal penting dalam kegiatan perkuliahan. Data kehadiran mahasiswa dapat digunakan sebagai indikator kedisiplinan mahasiswa serta sebagai penentu kelayakan mahasiswa dalam mengikuti ujian. Pencatatan kehadiran mahasiswa di Universitas Universal hingga kini masih dilakukan secara manual dengan menandatangani dokumen daftar hadir. Permasalahan yang timbul dari penggunaan cara manual tersebut adalah seorang mahasiswa dapat menandatangai kehadiran mahasiswa lain, membutuhkan pengawasan, dan membebani pihak administrasi dalam mengurus pendataan kehadiran. Oleh karenanya, penelitian ini mengajukan rancangan serta implementasi sebuah aplikasi kehadiran mahasiswa menggunakan mesin fingerprint X100-C. Aplikasi yang dibuat disajikan dalam bentuk aplikasi berbasis web. Melalui aplikasi kehadiran tersebut, pekerjaan admin menjadi terbantu dan meminimalkan kecurangan yang muncul dari pencatatan kehadiran secara manual menggunakan kertas. Kata kunci: Aplikasi Kehadiran; Fingerprint; Mesin X100-C
Biodegradable Mulch for Vegetable Production. A Review

From a crop production perspective, plastic mulches can increase yields. The use of plastic mulch in agriculture has increased dramatically in the last 10 years throughout the world. This increase is due to benefits such as increase in soil temperature, reduced weed pressure, moisture conservation, reduction of certain insect pests, higher crop yields, and more efficient use of soil nutrients. Also mulching with plastic mulch is used commonly on large scale it remains 15% 20% moisture conservation because, mulching with plastic materials that cover the soil creates a physical barrier to soil water evaporation. Plastic pollution in agricultural soils, caused by the incomplete removal of polyethylene mulch after usage, is a growing environmental concern. Where, Current polyethylene plastic mulch film is not biodegradable and therefore cannot be plowed back into the soil. This causes irreparable harm to ecosystems and the habitats. However, disposing of used plastic films, which cause pollution, has led to development of photodegradable and biodegradable mulches (BDMs). There has therefore been increased interest in biodegradable plastic mulches as alternative to polyethylene mulch; completely soil-biodegradable plastics or compostable plastics offer an environmentally responsible end-of-life solution for plastic mulch film and plasticulture products. Using alternative biodegradable materials as covers has been of increasing interest in recent years. However, little is known about their impact on soil health. Here we review the use of plastic mulches in agriculture, with special reference to biodegradable mulches.
Emerging Parasitic Protists: The Case of Perkinsea

The last century has witnessed an increasing rate of new disease emergence across the world leading to permanent loss of biodiversity. Perkinsea is a microeukaryotic parasitic phylum composed of four main lineages of parasitic protists with broad host ranges. Some of them represent major ecological and economical threats because of their geographically invasive ability and pathogenicity (leading to mortality events). In marine environments, three lineages are currently described, the Parviluciferaceae, the Perkinsidae, and the Xcellidae, infecting, respectively, dinoflagellates, mollusks, and fish. In contrast, only one lineage is officially described in freshwater environments: the severe Perkinsea infectious agent infecting frog tadpoles. The advent of high-throughput sequencing methods, mainly based on 18S rRNA assays, showed that Perkinsea is far more diverse than the previously four described lineages especially in freshwater environments. Indeed, some lineages could be parasites of green microalgae, but a formal nature of the interaction needs to be explored. Hence, to date, most of the newly described aquatic clusters are only defined by their environmental sequences and are still not (yet) associated with any host. The unveiling of this microbial black box presents a multitude of research challenges to understand their ecological roles and ultimately to prevent their most negative impacts. This review summarizes the biological and ecological traits of Perkinsea—their diversity, life cycle, host preferences, pathogenicity, and highlights their diversity and ubiquity in association with a wide range of hosts.
Regulation of Mitochondrial Dynamics by Aerobic Exercise in Cardiovascular Diseases

Mitochondrial dynamics, including continuous biogenesis, fusion, fission, and autophagy, are crucial to maintain mitochondrial integrity, distribution, size, and function, and play an important role in cardiovascular homeostasis. Cardiovascular health improves with aerobic exercise, a well-recognized non-pharmaceutical intervention for both healthy and ill individuals that reduces overall cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Increasing evidence shows that aerobic exercise can effectively regulate the coordinated circulation of mitochondrial dynamics, thus inhibiting CVD development. This review aims to illustrate the benefits of aerobic exercise in prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease by modulating mitochondrial function.
Circulating Exosomal circRNAs Contribute to Potential Diagnostic Value of Large Artery Atherosclerotic Stroke

Large artery atherosclerotic (LAA) stroke is closely associated with atherosclerosis, characterized by the accumulation of immune cells. Early recognition of LAA stroke is crucial. Circulating exosomal circRNAs profiling represents a promising, noninvasive approach for the detection of LAA stroke. Exosomal circRNA sequencing was used to identify differentially expressed circRNAs between LAA stroke and normal controls. From a further validation stage, the results were validated using RT-qPCR. We then built logistic regression models of exosomal circRNAs based on a large replication stage, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to assess the diagnostic efficacy. Using exosomal circRNA sequencing, large sample validation, and diagnostic model construction revealed that exosomal circ_0043837 and circ_ 0001801were independent predictive factors for LAA stroke, and had better diagnostic efficacy than plasma circRNAs. In the atherosclerotic group (AS), we developed a nomogram for clinical use that integrated the two-circRNA-based risk factors to predict which patients might have the risk of plaque rupture. Circulating exosomal circRNAs profiling identifies novel predictive biomarkers for the LAA stroke and plaque rupture, with superior diagnostic value than plasma circRNAs. It might facilitate the prevention and better management of this disease.
Efficient image encryption via chaotic hight algorithm

This paper is devoted to introducing a new three dimensions hyperchaotic system and adapting it to enhance the Hight algorithm. The proposal hyperchaotic system with one equilibrium point is mainly derived from the Lorenz system, which we called (3D-NSC). The dynamic analysis of 3D-NSC presents some properties such as; stability of symmetric equilibria; phase diagram, bifurcation and Lyapunov exponents (LE), which are all investigated analytically and numerically. Also, the circuit design of the 3D-NSC is introduced with some properties. The proposed system is occupied with improving the Hight algorithm. The main propose system is to create a key schedule for the chaotic Hight algorithm. This system is then applied to encrypt different images types. Our proposed system showed high encryption efficiency compared to systems, based on some performance analyzes such as; histogram, pixel change rate (NPCR), standardized variable mean intensity (UACI), pixel correlation, and entropy.
Comparative Evaluation of Clonidine and Fentanyl as Adjuvants with Levobupivacaine for Postoperative Epidural Analgesia after Total Knee Replacement Surgery - A Randomised Double Blind Study

Comparative Evaluation of Clonidine and Fentanyl as Adjuvants with Levobupivacaine for Postoperative Epidural Analgesia after Total Knee Replacement Surgery - A Randomised Double Blind Study. Anesthesia and Critical Care Abstract Background and Aims Epidural anaesthesia commonly used for inducing anaesthesia and postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing lower limb surgeries. Fentanyl as an adjuvant to epidural local anesthetic has been for long time. Clonidine is a potent and selective α-2-adrenoceptor agonist with analgesic potency. The aim of the study was to compare the effect of clonidine and fentanyl as an adjuvant to epidural levobupivacaine in total knee replacement surgery. total knee randomly divided into two groups. Patients were allocated to one of the two groups by computer generated random selection. Group I (n=35) patients received postoperative continuous epidural infusion of levobupivacaine (1.25mg/ml) with fentanyl (2 μg/ml) whereas Group II (n=35) patients received epidural infusion of Levobupivacaine (1.25mg/ml) with Clonidine (1μg/ml) in the range of 3-7 ml/hr.
Simulation of Deformation Process Failure of Jointed Rock Masses Based on the Numerical Manifold Method

On the basis of the numerical manifold method, this work introduces the concept of stress intensity factor at the crack tip in fracture mechanics and proposes the utilisation of artificial joint technology to ensure the accuracy of joint geometric dimensions in the element generation of the numerical manifold method. The contour integral method is used to solve the stress intensity factor at the joint tip, and the failure criterion and direction of crack propagation at the joint tip are determined. Element reconstruction and crack tracking are implemented in crack propagation, and a simulation programme of the entire process of deformation, failure, propagation and coalescence of jointed rock masses is developed. The rationality of the proposed method is verified by performing the typical uniaxial compression test and direct shear test.