Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiple Head Rotations Result in Persistent Gait Alterations in Piglets

Multiple/repeated mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in young children can cause long-term gait impairments and affect the developmental course of motor control. Using our swine model for mTBI in young children, our aim was to (i) establish a reference range (RR) for each parameter to validate injury and track recovery, and (ii) evaluate changes in gait patterns following a single and multiple (5×) sagittal rapid non-impact head rotation (RNR). Gait patterns were studied in four groups of 4-week-old Yorkshire swine: healthy (n = 18), anesthesia-only sham (n = 8), single RNR injury (n = 12) and multiple RNR injury (n = 11). Results were evaluated pre-injury and at 1, 4, and 7 days post-injury. RR reliability was validated using additional healthy animals (n = 6). Repeated mTBI produced significant increases in gait time, cycle time, and stance time, as well as decreases in gait velocity and cadence, on Day One post-injury compared to pre-injury, and these remained significantly altered at Day Four and Day Seven post-injury. The gait metrics of the repeated TBI group also significantly fell outside the healthy RR on Day One, with some recovery by Day Four, while many remained altered at Day Seven. Only a bilateral decrease in hind stride length was observed at Day Four in our single RNR group compared to pre-injury. In sum, repeated and single sagittal TBI can significantly impair motor performance, and gait metrics can serve as reliable, objective, quantitative functional assessments in a juvenile porcine RNR TBI model.
A Note on the Conditioning of the H−1 Matrix Used in Single-Step GBLUP

Simple Summary Compared to BLUP, in single-step genomic BLUP, G−1−A22−1 is added to the inverse of the pedigree relationship matrix (A−1), forming H−1, where G is the genomic relationship matrix, and A22 is the block of A for genotyped animals. Incompatibility between G and A may cause inflated genetic variance. Blending and tuning G with A22 partially solves the problem. However, conditioning H−1 might still be needed, which is usually performed via τG−1−ωA22−1. This may violate the properties upon which H is built. Alternative ways of weighting the H−1 components are presented to prevent/minimise violations of the properties of H. Abstract The single-step genomic BLUP (ssGBLUP) is used worldwide for the simultaneous genetic evaluation of genotyped and non-genotyped animals. It is easily extendible to all BLUP models by replacing the pedigree-based additive genetic relationship matrix (A) with an augmented pedigree–genomic relationship matrix (H). Theoretically, H does not introduce any artificially inflated variance. However, inflated genetic variances have been observed due to the incomparability between the genomic relationship matrix (G) and A used in H. Usually, G is blended and tuned with A22 (the block of A for genotyped animals) to improve its numerical condition and compatibility. If deflation/inflation is still needed, a common approach is weighting G−1−A22−1 in the form of τG−1−ωA22−1, added to A−1 to form H−1. In some situations, this can violate the conditional properties upon which H is built. Different ways of weighting the H−1 components (A−1, G−1, A22−1, and H−1 itself) were studied to avoid/minimise the violations of the conditional properties of H. Data were simulated on ten populations and twenty generations. Responses to weighting different components of H−1 were measured in terms of the regression of phenotypes on the estimated breeding values (the lower the slope, the higher the inflation) and the correlation between phenotypes and the estimated breeding values (predictive ability). Increasing the weight on H−1 increased the inflation. The responses to weighting G−1 were similar to those for H−1. Increasing the weight on A−1 (together with A22−1) was not influential and slightly increased the inflation. Predictive ability is a direct function of the slope of the regression line and followed similar trends. Responses to weighting G−1−A22−1 depend on the inflation/deflation of evaluations from A−1 to H−1 and the compatibility of the two matrices with the heritability used in the model. One possibility is a combination of weighting G−1−A22−1 and weighting H−1. Given recent advances in ssGBLUP, conditioning H−1 might become an interim solution from the past and then not be needed in the future.
Diarization and Identity Attribution Compatibility in the Albayzin 2020 Challenge

The current need to identify the speakers in a certain recording has evolved along time, requesting more and more information. While speaker recognition originally focused on determining whether a speaker talks in a certain audio with a single speaker, later diarization focused on differentiating speakers along the recording. The latest step is Identity Assignment (IA), which combines both of them, i.e., deciding whether a certain speaker is present in a given audio, as well as determining the periods of time when the speaker is active. Our work presents and analyzes the ViVoLAB results for the Albayz´ın 2020 evaluation, focused on diarization and identity assignment. These challenges will be faced in the broadcast domain, with data coming from national Spanish TV Corporation RTVE. For this purpose we have developed a Bottom-Up diarization architecture based on the embedding-PLDA paradigm. On top of the diarization solution we have added an identity assignment block, based on the speaker veriﬁcation approach.
Black-hole lasing in coherently coupled two-component atomic condensates

We study theoretically the black-hole lasing phenomenon in a flowing one-dimensional, coherently coupled two-component atomic Bose–Einstein condensate whose constituent atoms interact via a spin-dependent s -wave contact interaction. We show by a numerical analysis the onset of the dynamical instability in the spin branch of the excitations, once a finite supersonic region is created in this branch. We study both a spatially homogeneous geometry and a harmonically trapped condensate. Experimental advantages of the two-component configuration are pointed out, with an eye towards studies of backreaction phenomena.
Can Pre-Operative Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) Help Predict Non-Metastatic Renal Carcinoma Recurrence after Nephrectomy? (UroCCR-61 Study)

Simple Summary Accurately predicting the recurrence of non-metastatic renal cell carcinoma following surgery is of utmost importance to guide follow-up recommendations, as well as adjuvant treatment indications. In this study, we looked at the prognostic role of the pre-operative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in this setting. We found that the pre-operative NLR was an interesting bio-marker to predict disease recurrence and death. It is all the more interesting because it is inexpensive and easy to implement. Furthermore, it could increase the performance of the UISS classification (which is actually recommended to predict the risk of recurrence after nephrectomy) and allow to individualize a group of patients at very low risk who could benefit from a lightened follow-up. Abstract Recent studies suggested that the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) could play a key role in tumor initiation, progression and response to treatments. The main objective was to assess the prognostic value of the pre-operative NLR on recurrence-free survival (RFS) in patients with non-hereditary localized renal cell carcinoma. From the UroCCR database (NCT03293563), factors influencing the disease recurrence of consecutive patients who underwent nephrectomy for cT1-T4 N0M0 were analyzed using multi-variate cox regression and log-rank methods. We included 786 patients, among which 135 (17.2%) experienced a recurrence at a median time of 23.7 [8.5–48.6] months. RFS for patients with a pre-operative NLR of <2.7 was 94% and 88% at 3 and 5 years, respectively, versus 76% and 63% for patients with a NLR of ≥2.7 (p < 0.001, log-rank test). To predict the risk of post-operative recurrence, the NLR was combined with the UCLA integrated staging system (UISS), and we defined four groups of the UroCCR-61 predictive model. The RFS rates at 3 and 5 years were 100% and 97% in the very-low-risk group, 93% and 86% in the low-risk group, 78% and 68% in the intermediate-risk group and 63% and 46% in the high-risk group (p < 0.0001). The pre-operative NLR seems to be an inexpensive and easily accessible prognostic bio-marker for non-metastatic RCCs.
Obesity-Associated ECM Remodeling in Cancer Progression

Simple Summary Accumulated evidence has demonstrated that adipocytes can transform or de-differentiate into myofibroblast/fibroblast-like cells, which play vital roles in obesity-related extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and cancer progression. This review summarizes recent progress in adipocyte plasticity during obesity-related cancer progression and the function and regulation of obesity-associated ECM remodeling in cancer progression. Abstract Adipose tissue, an energy storage and endocrine organ, is emerging as an essential player for ECM remodeling. Fibrosis is one of the hallmarks of obese adipose tissue, featuring excessive ECM deposition and enhanced collagen alignment. A variety of ECM components and ECM-related enzymes are produced by adipocytes and myofibroblasts in obese adipose tissue. Data from lineage-tracing models and a single-cell analysis indicate that adipocytes can transform or de-differentiate into myofibroblast/fibroblast-like cells. This de-differentiation process has been observed under normal tissue development and pathological conditions such as cutaneous fibrosis, wound healing, and cancer development. Accumulated evidence has demonstrated that adipocyte de-differentiation and myofibroblasts/fibroblasts play crucial roles in obesity-associated ECM remodeling and cancer progression. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in obesity-related ECM remodeling, the mechanism underlying adipocyte de-differentiation, and the function of obesity-associated ECM remodeling in cancer progression.
Project-Team corida Contrôle Robuste Inﬁni-Dimensionnel et Applications

future telescopes will be characterized by diameters much larger and the fact that the spectrum of the analyzed wavefront lies in the visible ﬁeld. It is estimated that to correct the image with the same quality, the density of the actuators will have to be a hundred times higher and that it will be necessary to replace the piezoelectric actuators by actuators resulting from micro-technology. It is thus a question of developing tools to model and to control the mirrors, allowing this change of scale. Interface boundary conditions are the key ingredient to design efﬁcient domain decomposition methods. Without a global preconditioner, convergence cannot be obtained for any method in a number of iterations less than the number of sub-domains minus one (in the case of a one-way splitting). This optimal convergence can be obtained with generalized Robin type boundary conditions associated with an operator equal to the Steklov-Poincaré operator in the continuous case and to the Schur complement matrix in the discrete case. However , this optimal condition cannot be used in practice since its excat computation is too expensive. Our goal is to deﬁne new approximations of the Steklov-Poincaré operator and of the Schur complement matrix. The Parallel Computational Acoustics Library is a ﬁnite element library able to solve huge acoustics problems in parallel.Thislibrary contains three main types of functions - those for pre-processing (mesh data), those for processing (involving numerical and matrix analysis), and those for post-processing (visualization, noise rendering). This work was motivated by the need to integrate the various ﬁnite elements, mesh generation, mesh partitioning, domain decomposition methods and parallel solvers, and plotting programs developed by the group.TheParallel Computational Acoustics Library contains the most recent and powerful developments in ﬁnite element methods for acoustics and parallel iterative domain decomposition methods. There are two groups of algorithms in the library: the ﬁrst one is based on well established methods which are generally used in the industry, while the second one uses results recently obtained. This helps the library to be used at the same time by industrial partners (ONERA, Hutchinson S.A.) and academic researchers. The library is therefore able to solve huge acoustic problems that were not possible to solve so far. The Parallel Computational Acoustics Library is written is FORTRAN 90 and uses the MPI library for parallel data exchange. Interactive visualization tools using the VTK library have been developed. An additional noise rendering interface is available in order to listen the results issued from the simulation.
Noise in optical measurements of cantilever deflections

The optical beam deflection method using the knife edge detection technique is one of the simplest optical sensing methods. We investigate theoretically the limit to the resolution when sensing the displacements of a mechanical cantilever using the knife edge detection technique implemented with a quasimonochromatic thermal-like optical source. Simple formulas for the minimum detectable displacement of the cantilever’s front end are derived assuming all nonoptical noises negligible. It is shown that superluminiscent diodes can yield a minimum detectable displacement of the cantilever about 5 dBs above the shot noise for 1 mW of optical power. It is also shown that in many cases of practical interest the source induced noise is smaller than the thermal-vibration noise of the cantilever. Thus, in many cases, using an inexpensive thermal-like source with the knife edge detection technique can be as effective as using a high-coherence shot-noise limited source.
UNM Digital Repository UNM Digital Repository Hegemonic Instability? India’s Himalayan Hegemony in Hegemonic Instability? India’s Himalayan Hegemony in Theoretical and Historical Perspective Theoretical and Historical Perspective

Is India the regional hegemon of South Asia? If so, what kind of hegemon is it? India has long been considered the regional hegemon of South Asia, primarily based on relative power considerations alone. We critique this material basis for hegemony. Hegemons must act to establish their hegemony, and smaller states must acquiesce to some degree to establish the relationship. We follow the literature to identify three strands of behavioral definitions of regional hegemony—leadership, domination, and sphere of influence—each drawing on different theoretical foundations, liberalism, realism, and imperialism, respectively. India has demonstrated characteristics of each, depending on the period and dyadic relationship one examines. During its early independent period, India showed features of domination, at least concerning some actors like the princely states. India was reluctant to produce public goods as the leadership school expected until recently. Instead, we identify India’s preferred method of hegemony as an attempted sphere of influence. However, they were only successful in creating or maintaining their inherited sphere in a few cases, notably in the Himalayan states of Nepal and Sikkim. This paper applies the theoretical categories of hegemony to India historically, with particular attention to the Himalayan states. Though they share several historical trajectories, these states have recently diverged in their level of acceptance of India’s hegemony as Nepal has sought to leverage Chinese influence.
Polarization-sensitive optical phenomena in thick semiconducting nanowires

For semiconducting nanowires with the dielectric constant e differing from that of their environment, the distribution of ac electric fields, created in a nanowire by an external lightwave and emitted outside by an effective dipole in a nanowire, is found. The results are used for calculating the spectra and polarization properties of optical absorption, luminescence, and photoconductivity in such nanowires. For relatively thick nanowires, with diameter a comparable to the light wavelength, all polarization characteristics exhibit strong oscillations with the light frequency ω and even change the sign over some intervals of ωa∕c. Some of these phenomena have already been observed experimentally. In a system of randomly oriented nanowires, they result in a polarization memory where polarization of photoluminescence is determined by the polarization of the exciting light, by a factor strongly dependent on the frequencies of both the exciting and emitted light.
Substitution-induced pinning in MgB2 superconductor doped with SiC nano-particles

By doping MgB2 superconductor with SiC nano-particles, we have successfully introduced pinning sites directly into the crystal lattice of MgB2 grains (intra-grain pinning). It became possible due to the combination of counter-balanced Si and C co-substitution for B, leading to a large number of intra-granular dislocations and the dispersed nano-size impurities induced by the substitution. The magnetic field dependence of the critical current density was significantly improved in a wide temperature range, whereas the transition temperature in the sample MgB2(SiC)x having x = 0.34, the highest doping level prepared, dropped only by 2.6 K.
Three-Dimensional Modeling of a Steam-Line Break in a Boiling Water Reactor

Abstract Because of weld problems, the core grids of Units 1 and 2 at the Forsmark nuclear power plant have been replaced by grids of a new design, consisting of a single machined piece without welds. The qualifying structural analysis has been carried out considering dynamic loads, which implies that even loss-of-coolant accidents have to be included. Therefore, a detailed time description of the loads acting on the different internal parts of the reactor is needed. To achieve sufficient space and time resolution, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis was considered to be a viable alternative. A CFD analysis of a steam-line break in the boiling water reactor of Unit 2 is the subject of this work. The study is based on the assumption that the timescale of the transient analysis is smaller than the relaxation time of the water-steam system. Therefore, a simulation of only the upper, steam part of the reactor with no two-phase effects (flashing) is feasible. The results obtained display a rather complex behavior of the decompression process, forcing the analysis of the pressure field to be accomplished through animation. In contrast, the computed instantaneous forces over different internal parts oscillate regularly and are approximately twice the forces estimated in the past by simpler methods, with frequencies of 30 to 40 Hz; top amplitudes of ~1.64 MN; and relatively low damping, ~25% after 0.5 s. According to the present results, this type of modeling is physically meaningful for simulation timescales smaller than the water-steam relaxation time, i.e., ~0.5 s at reactor conditions. At larger times, a two-phase model is necessary to describe the decompression process since two-phase effects are dominant. The results have not yet been validated with experiments, but validation computations will be run in the future for comparison with results of the Marviken tests.
The Impact of Galaxy Formation on the X-ray Evolution of Clusters

We present a new model for the X-ray properties of the intracluster medium that explicitly includes heating of the gas by the energy released during the evolution of cluster galaxies. We calculate the evolution of clusters by combining the semi-analytic model of galaxy formation of Cole et al. with a simple model for the radial profile of the intracluster gas. We focus on the cluster X-ray luminosity function and on the relation between X-ray temperature and luminosity (the T-L relation). Observations of these properties are known to disagree with predictions based on scaling relations which neglect gas cooling and heating processes. We show that cooling alone is not enough to account for the flatness of the observed T-L relation or for the lack of strong redshift evolution in the observed X-ray luminosity function. Gas heating, on the other
Construction of the steady state density matrix and quasilocal charges for the spin-1/2 XXZ chain with boundary magnetic fields

We construct the nonequilibrium steady state (NESS) density operator of the spin-1/2 XXZ chain with non-diagonal boundary magnetic fields coupled to boundary dissipators. The Markovian boundary dissipation is found with which the NESS density operator is expressed in terms of the product of the Lax operators by relating the dissipation parameters to the boundary parameters of the spin chain. The NESS density operator can be expressed in terms of a non-Hermitian transfer operator (NHTO) which forms a commuting family of quasilocal charges. The optimization of the Mazur bound for the high temperature Drude weight is discussed by using the quasilocal charges and the conventional local charges constructed through the Bethe ansatz.
Effect of Chitosan Nanoparticles (CS-NPs) on In Vitro Regeneration Response and Production of Potato virus Y (PVY)-Free Plants of Potato

Potato virus Y (PVY) causes serious loss in the yield and quality of potatoes. The effect of chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) on the regeneration response and production of PVY-free plants under in vitro conditions was studied. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.1 mg L−1 Gibberellic acid (GA3), 0.1 mg L−1 Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 500 mg L−1 malt extract was used for regeneration of plantlets from sprouts. Double Antibody Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (DAS-ELISA) and Reverse Transcript Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) was used for virus indexing of the mother plant and in vitro-regenerated plantlets. Explants of PVY positive potato plants were cultured on same medium amended with 100, 200, 250, and 300 mg L−1 of (CS-NPs). Shoot regeneration decreased from 100 to 200 mg L−1 as the concentrations of antiviral (CS-NPs) up to 250 mg L−1. It was decreased with the increase in the concentration of the antiviral (CS-NPs) up to 300 mg L−1. Antiviral (CS-NPs) at the concentration of 250 mg L−1 showed a positive effect on shoot regeneration. In vitro-regenerated plantlets were virus free and tested negative in both ELISA and RT-PCR. The level of 100 mg L−1 of (CS_NPs) produced 38.8% PVY-free plants and 30.50% of cultures showed shoot regeneration. The level of 200 mg L−1 of (CS-NPs) produced 49.6% PVY-free plants while 46.8% of cultures showed shoot regeneration. The level of 250 mg L−1 of (CS-NPs) was the most effective and produced 100.0% PVY-free plants and 100.0% of cultures showed shoot regeneration. Histopathological changes simultaneously with elucidation of resistance and growth enhancement were evident in the treated plants with (CS-NPs) than those untreated control. In conclusion, (CS-NPs) treatment is an effective tool to produce PVY-free sprouts explants and has potential for producing virus-free planting material for the potato industry.
Pulsed-laser deposited Er:ZnO films for 1.54μm emission

High-quality Er:ZnO films were grown by the pulsed-laser deposition technique at high temperature followed by in situ annealing. The films demonstrate remarkable crystalline quality and array of self-assembled grains. Although the films show very low electrical resistivity (∼6.41×10−4Ωcm) at room temperature, a semiconductor-metal transition was observed at 190K for low doping in contrast to semiconductor behavior for high doping. The films show pronounced room temperature emission at 1. 54μm, illustrating the activation of Er3+ ions in ZnO matrix. Furthermore, no quenching effects in 1. 54μm emission characteristics were observed up to 2wt% of Er doping in ZnO at room temperature.