Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Iron fertilisation and century-scale effects of open ocean dissolution of olivine in a simulated CO2 removal experiment

Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) approaches are efforts to reduce the atmospheric CO2 concentration. Here we use a marine carbon cycle model to investigate the effects of one CDR technique: the open ocean dissolution of the iron-containing mineral olivine. We analyse the maximum CDR potential of an annual dissolution of 3 Pg olivine during the 21st century and focus on the role of the micro-nutrient iron for the biological carbon pump. Distributing the products of olivine dissolution (bicarbonate, silicic acid, iron) uniformly in the global surface ocean has a maximum CDR potential of 0.57 gC/g-olivine mainly due to the alkalinisation of the ocean, with a significant contribution from the fertilisation of phytoplankton with silicic acid and iron. The part of the CDR caused by ocean fertilisation is not permanent, while the CO2 sequestered by alkalinisation would be stored in the ocean as long as alkalinity is not removed from the system. For high CO2 emission scenarios the CDR potential due to the alkalinity input becomes more efficient over time with increasing ocean acidification. The alkalinity-induced CDR potential scales linearly with the amount of olivine, while the iron-induced CDR saturates at 113 PgC per century (on average ∼ 1.1 ? > PgC yr−1) for an iron input rate of 2.3 Tg Fe yr−1 (1% of the iron contained in 3 Pg olivine). The additional iron-related CO2 uptake occurs in the Southern Ocean and in the iron-limited regions of the Pacific. Effects of this approach on surface ocean pH are small ( < 0.01 ) ? > .
High Range Turbidity Monitoring in the Mu and Saru River Basins: All-year Monitoring of Hydrology and Suspended Sediment Transport in 2010

Yoshikawa, Y. and Watanabe, Y. (2005): Changes of the material transport depending on the flood scale, Proceedings of the 4th IAHR Symposium on River, Coastal and Estuarine Morphodynamics, pp. 319-328. International Journal of Japan Erosion Control Engineering, Vol.5, No.1, 2012
Advancements in thin-film coating metrology

Tightening specifications and increasing demands for high performance optical coatings continue to drive advancements in many areas of the optical manufacturing industry. To ensure customer confidence, test and verification methods must be created to measure tighter tolerances than ever before for all aspects of thin-film quality control, including reflectance, transmittance, absorption, scatter, laser-damage threshold, lifetime stability, environmental durability, filter-edge steepness, deposition uniformity, and induced stress, to name a few. This talk will outline emerging performance requirements for optical thin films and the metrology solutions being developed to satisfy them.
Scaling down the ecosystem services at local level for urban parks of three megacities

The concept of ecosystem services is widely used to highlight the importance of ecosystem functions for human life. The concept is becoming important for urban ecosystems too where ecosystem services are provided at different spatial scales. Climate regulation, recreation and nature experience are three ecosystem services of high importance in urban areas. Three case studies targeting to analyse these ecosystem services – regulating (thermal comfort) and cultural (recreation and nature experience) by indicators show exemplary the applicability of the ecosystem service approach on small scale (site) level. All three studies were originally executed by the authors. The three case studies were placed in three different megacities in different countries to show the comparability of case study results by comparable assessment methods. Unlike other published studies these three case studies show that climate regulation, recreation and nature experience as ecosystem service are provided and measurable not only at regional or landscape scale but also at the local scale. These services are provided by green elements or basic complex ecosystems (e.g. urban parks). The quantity of provided, and used services on the level of service providing units, can be measured by indicators to compare service providing units in its service degree. Urban parks are used as an example of service providing units. This can be helpful for further decision making, investments and management for these urban parks. In this paper the indicators biodiversity and recreation are used to investigate the measurement of quantity of these services. A study on thermal conditions in Karachi shows the ability to use satellite image supported indicators for identification of the ecosystem service climate moderation on site level of urban parks. Furthermore, as indicators of the ecosystem service recreation in parks of Buenos Aires, Argentina, duration and frequency of stay were used to quantify the service. Distance to the parks and activities were used for further qualification. The Shanghai study shows that urban parks can be very important for nature experience and to learn from nature. They can’t even be replaced by other areas inside or outside big cities with limited possibilities to visit other nature places. The indicator based non-monetary evaluation of ecosystem service allows a comparability of different service providing units (urban parks) within a city and between cities which was exemplary executed.
Composition and formation of Palaeozoic Erlangping ophiolitic slab, North Qinling: Evidence from geology and geochemistry

The analyses based on the protolith formation, metamorphic and deformation reveal that the Erlangping Group is composed of different lithological slices, without any significance in stratigraphy. It is therefore to discard the Erlangping Group into the Damiao slab, the Erlangping ophiolitic slab and the Xiaozhai slab. The Erlangping ophiolitic slab only includes the former Huoshenmiao Formation and it is mainly composed of massive basalts, pillow basalts, sheet dikes, gabbro and a few of ultramafic intrusions with patches of plagiogranite, overlain by radiolarian silicolites. A lot of microfossils were discovered in the silicolites that mark the Erlangping ophiolitic slab mainly formed in the Early to Middle Ordovician. In geochemistry, most of the basalts and diabase dikes are consistent with N-MORB except a few of samples effected by alteration. The Erlangping ophiolitic slab represents a remnant piece of ancient ocean crust which is most suitable to a back-arc basin setting. A mean 207Pb/206Pb age of 480 Ma for zircons separated from the plagiogranite intruded into the basalts seems to indicate the minimum age of the emplacement of the Erlangping ophiolitic slab.
KAUNO KOLEGIJOS MEDICINOS FAKULTETO STUDENTŲ GYVENSENOS YPATUMAI

Lietuvos studentų fizinio aktyvumo lygis nėra pakanka­mas, o 48,7 proc. nepasiekia PSO rekomenduojamų fizi­nio aktyvumo normų. Nustatyta, kad studentai nesilaiko sveikos mitybos rekomendacijų. Svarbu išsiaiškinti, ar medicinos fakulteto studentai taiko studijų metu įgytas žinias apie sveiką gyvenseną ne tik profesinėje aplinkoje, bet ir asmeniniame gyvenime. Tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti Kauno kolegijos Medicinos fakulteto studentų gyvensenos ypatumus. Tyrimo metodai. Atliktas kiekybinis tyrimas. Duomenys buvo renkami anoniminės anketinės apklausos būdu, nuotoliniu būdu „Google forms“. Anketą sudarė dvi da­lys: klausimai apie studentų mitybą ir fizinį aktyvumą. Tyrime dalyvavo 970 (18-61 m.) Kauno kolegijos Me­dicinos fakulteto studentų. Rezultatai. Daugiau kaip pusė studentų (58 proc.) savo mitybą vertina vidutiniškai. Vaisius valgo kelis kartus per savaitę (37,6 proc.) arba kasdien (27,4 proc.), švie­žias daržoves − kelis kartus per savaitę (36,5 proc.) arba kasdien (31 proc.). Nemaža jų dalis kasdien pusryčiauja (39,6 proc.), nors yra ir tokių, kurie niekada nepusry­čiauja (4,5 proc.). Fizine veikla dalis studentų (38,5 proc.) užsiima kiekvieną savaitę, tačiau ne ką mažiau jų (30,7 proc.) per dieną visiškai neskiria laiko fiziniam aktyvu­mui. Fizine veikla neužsiima, nes trūksta motyvacijos (67,9 proc.) ar laisvo laiko (62,7 proc.), riboti finansi­niai ištekliai (17,7 proc.), trūksta patrauklių užsiėmimų (9,6 proc.). 33,2 proc. apklaustųjų savo fizinį pajėgumą vertina gana gerai, 45,4 proc. − patenkinamai. Išvados. Studentai sveiką mitybą laiko svarbia, tačiau savo žinias apie sveiką gyvenseną ir mitybą vertina vi­dutiniškai ir nesilaiko sveikos mitybos rekomendacijų, o fizinį pajėgumą vertina patenkinamai arba gana gerai, ta­čiau jų fizinio aktyvumo lygis neatitinka rekomendacijų.
A Multicriteria Evaluation of Local E-Government in Terms of Citizen Satisfaction

Any strategy to improve local public administration gives paramount importance to the development of electronic administration (E-Local Government) to facilitate interaction with citizens promoting efficiency, local participation, and sustainable development. This explains the numerous contributions to evaluating websites of local authorities, but they do not focus on modeling the citizen satisfaction induced by their use. This is why three research questions are addressed by this paper: how can such satisfaction be modeled, which attributes be considered and described and how to assess the relative importance assigned by citizens to each attribute? The level of satisfaction is found to depend on the easiness of use of each site and of the available functionalities to share information, to provide services, and to promote participation. A model based on the Multiattribute Theory and using the OptionCards method is developed to estimate the relative importance assigned by each citizen to each attribute and it is successfully applied to a focus group. The answers presented by the authors to these questions are applied to a sample of Portuguese websites allowing their benchmarking and the identification of a road map for im-provement. This instrument is applied to a set of Portuguese municipalities revealing a high level of disparity and confirming how important can be its application to assess inter-municipalities benchmarking, to diagnose their LGS major shortcomings and to support the design of a road map for improvement.
Antibacterial and Photocatalytic Activity of ZnO/Au and ZnO/Ag Nanocomposites

The use of a combination of nanoparticles as antimicrobial agents can be one strategy to overcome the tendency of microbes to become resistant to antibiotic action. Also, the optimization of nano-photocatalysts to efficiently remove persistent pollutants from wastewater is a hot topic. In this study, two composites ZnO/Au (1% wt.) and ZnO/Ag (1% wt.) were synthesized by simple aqueous solution methods. The structure and morphology of the r nanocomposites were analyzed by structural and optical characterization methods. The formation of AuNPs and AgNPs in these experiments was also discussed. The antimicrobial properties of ZnO, ZnO/Au, and ZnO/Ag nanomaterials were investigated against Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus). The results showed an increase of 80% in the antimicrobial activity of ZnO/Au against Pseudomonas aeruginosa compared with 30% in the case of ZnO/Ag. Similarly, in the case of the S. aureus strain tests, ZnO/Au increased the antimicrobial activity by 55% and ZnO/Ag by 33%. The photocatalytic tests indicated an improvement in the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) under UV irradiation using ZnO/Au and ZnO/Ag nanocomposites compared to bare ZnO. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of ZnO after 60 min of UV irradiation was ∼83%, while the addition of AuNPs enhanced the degradation rate to ∼95% (ZP2), and AgNP presence enhanced the efficiency to ∼98%. The introduction of noble metallic nanoparticles into the ZnO matrix proved to be an effective strategy to increase their antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, and their photocatalytic activity was evaluated through the degradation of MB dye. Comparing the enhancing effects of Au and Ag, it was found that ZnO/Au was a better antimicrobial agent while ZnO/Ag was a more effective photocatalyst under UV irradiation.
Baseline Groundwater Quality : a comparison of selected British and Norwegian aquifers

The aim of this work is to present a discussion on the concept of baseline and to compare the natural variations in inorganic water quality present in a selection of British and Norwegian groundwaters. The use of boxplots and cumulative frequency plots facilitates comparison between individual rock aquifers, different regions with divergent geological and climatic records, and between various elements and parameters. The range of baseline concentrations is often large; e.g. uranium concentrations in Precambrian granitic groundwaters in Norway spans almost 4 orders of magnitude. Baseline values are useful as a means to assess pollution or to set a realistic base for remediation. The EU Maximum Admissible Concentrations (MAC values) of drinking water should be set on toxicological criteria only, as natural unpolluted groundwater sometimes contain elements in concentrations deemed to be harmful. Most of the hard rock groundwaters in Norway have relatively high pH compared with those of the UK. Na-HCO3 type waters seem to be much more common in Norway than in the UK where Ca-HCO3 type water dominate. High F, U and Rn concentrations are found in many granitic and sedimentary groundwaters in Norway, while Ba concentrations tend to be higher in the UK sedimentary aquifers. Universal baseline values do not exist for any element and statistical representative sampling from all aquifers is necessary to establish reliable knowledge about the natural groundwater quality in each area. A suggested series of methodologies are suggested which can be applied to aquifers where the effects of anthropogenic pollution are present. There is a strong need for timeseries data on a wide range of parameters to ascertain the long-term effects of human activity on groundwater quality. The trends of groundwater quality with depth should also be studied more thoroughly. In order for a European wide policy to be implemented it is necessary to establish protocols for criteria related to data quality, sampling and analytical work
Moving Target At Constant Velocity Localization Using TOA Measurements From Single Moving Receiver With Unknown Signal Period

In this article, we consider using time-of-arrival (TOA) measurements from a single moving receiver to locate a moving target at constant velocity that emits a periodic signal with unknown signal period. First, we give the TOA measurement model and deduce the Cram $\acute{\text{e}}$ r-Rao lower bounds (CRLB). Then, we formulate a nonlinear least squares (NLS) problem to estimate the unknown parameters. We use semidefinite programming (SDP) techniques to relax the nonconvex NLS problem. However, it is shown that the SDP localization algorithm cannot provide a high-quality solution. Subsequently, we develop a fixed point iteration (FPI) method to improve the performance of the SDP algorithm. In addition, we also consider the presence of receiver position errors and develop the corresponding localization algorithm. Numerical simulations are conducted to demonstrate the localization performance of the proposed algorithms by comparing them with the CRLB. Index Term-Fixed point iteration (FPI), semidefinite programming (SDP), single moving receiver, target localization, time-of-arrival (TOA).
Assessing the Scale of Environmental Impacts from a Major California Earthquake Recovery

The Economic Input-Output Life Cycle Assessment (EIOLCA) method was used to gauge the regional energy resource consumption and environmental emissions that could result from the repair and replacement construction activities that would follow a major California earthquake. In 2002, the ShakeOut Scenario study (Jones et al.) was carried out to assess the physical, social and economic consequences of a magnitude 7.8 earthquake on the Southern San Andreas Fault. This study utilized the economic loss results from the ShakeOut Scenario to assess the resource requirements and emissions associated with the recovery from the same event. Economic sectors were chosen from the EIO-LCA model that relate to the construction activities that are likely to be carried out following the scenario event. To obtain the distribution of impacts among the various economic sectors, an assessment was done for six archetype buildings which included the three predominant construction classes that are found in Southern California (concrete, steel and wood). Greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption, particulate matter emissions and water consumption impact categories are considered both for the building specific and regional assessments. To better understand their scale within broader environmental sustainability, impact estimates obtained in this study were measured against other commonly referenced sources of emission and resource consumption. The study also explored whether or not this impact can be meaningfully reduced through seismic retrofit and improved seismic design, providing some context for examining the role of earthquake engineering in the sustainable building movement. The study found that at the time of the event, the ensuing recovery would result in substantial environmental impacts that are comparable to annual impacts from other commonly referenced major California sources such as transportation greenhouse gas emission and home energy use. However, if the impacts brought about by the earthquake recovery are annualized based on an estimated return period for the event, the numbers are only a fraction of a percent of other major sources. The study also found that the implementation of several retrofit techniques that are commonly used in woodframe buildings could reduce earthquake-related environmental impacts by approximately 40%.
Understanding the Association Between Humor and Emotional Distress: The Role of Light and Dark Humor in Predicting Depression, Anxiety, and Stress

Despite increasing interest in the relationship between humor and psychological distress, investigations have failed to focus on specific categories of humor and negative mental conditions. A sample of 686 Italian participants (187 men and 499 women), aged between 20 and 76 years, completed an online survey, data from which was used to investigate the relationship between eight comic styles, depression, anxiety, and stress. Findings from the multiple linear regression demonstrate benign humor as a protective factor of all three variables considered, while irony was positively associated with anxiety and stress. Wit was a protective factor associated with anxiety, while sarcasm was positively related to depression. No significant correlations emerged between the other variables considered. These findings highlight how specific categories are linked to varying dimensions of emotional distress, which are discussed with reference to the extant literature.
An analysis of the global spatial variability of column-averaged CO2 from SCIAMACHY and its implications for CO2 sources and sinks

Satellite observations of carbon dioxide (CO2) are important because of their potential for improving the scientific understanding of global carbon cycle processes and budgets. We present an analysis of the column-averaged dry air mole fractions of CO2 (denoted XCO2) of the Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Cartography (SCIAMACHY) retrievals, which were derived from a satellite instrument with relatively long-term records (2003–2009) and with measurements sensitive to the near surface. The spatial-temporal distributions of remotely sensed XCO2 have significant spatial heterogeneity with about 6–8% variations (367–397 ppm) during 2003–2009, challenging the traditional view that the spatial heterogeneity of atmospheric CO2 is not significant enough (<4%) to have any large effect on terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycles. By comparison with surface measurements from the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) GLOBALVIEW network, significant statistical relationships between XCO2 and surface CO2 were found for major ecosystems, with the exception of tropical forest. In addition, when compared with a simulated terrestrial carbon uptake from the Integrated Biosphere Simulator (IBIS) and the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) carbon emission inventory, the latitudinal gradient of XCO2 seasonal amplitude was influenced by the combined effect of terrestrial carbon uptake, carbon emission, and atmospheric transport, suggesting no direct implications for terrestrial carbon sinks. From the investigation of the growth rate of XCO2 we found that the increase of CO2 concentration was dominated by temperature in the northern hemisphere (20–90°N) and by precipitation in the southern hemisphere (20–90°S), with the major contribution to global average occurring in the northern hemisphere. These findings indicated that the satellite measurements of atmospheric CO2 improve not only the estimations of atmospheric inversion, but also the understanding of the terrestrial ecosystem carbon dynamics and its feedback to atmospheric CO2.
Hydrology and Sediment Loading of Hokersar Wetland Sanctuary in the Kashmir Himalaya , India

Hydrological characteristics and sedimentation loading in Hokersar wetland of Kashmir Himalaya was monitored from November 2000 to October 2001. The computed water budget showed a substantial (91%) input from various surface inflows and just 9% through precipitation. Major water discharge (67%) occurs through surface outlets , whilst , 33% is attributed to evapotranspiration and other unaccounted for losses. Relatively low flushing rate (3.75 times/year) and high residence time (97.3 days) contribute to increased nutrient retention in the wetland. The inflow/outflow rates are closely linked to precipitation and water demand in'the catchment. Annual sediment accumulation of 16 ,862.2 metric tonnes (93% contributed by Doodganga Channel) accounts for gradual filling-in of the Kokersar wetland ecosystem.
Digitalisasi dan Globalisasi UMKM sebagai Critical Engine Mendorong Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Nasional

Abstract A strong economic growth is supported by all Gross Domestic Products (GDP) components. The biggest contribution of Indonesian GDP come from Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) as the critical engine. Realizing the importance role of MSMEs, acceleration of MSMEs development through globalization and digitalization is absolutely need to be done. Through globalization and digitalization strategy, the MSMEs can operate business efficiently, increase productivity, expand market share and increase competitiveness. Through a descriptive research method, all kinds of secondary data collected by a library study method, and then be analysed through a qualitative technique. From the study, it is found that globalization and digitalization of MSMEs as a critical engine can encourage the growth of Indonesian economy, and it found to what extend the contribution of MSMEs toward the absorption of manpower, credits, export and GDP in Indonesia. Abstrak Pertumbuhan ekonomi yang kuat didukung oleh seluruh komponen Produksi Domestik Bruto (PDB). Kontrubisi terbesar PDB Indonesia berasal dari Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) sebagai critical engine. Menyadari peran penting UMKM, maka percepatan pengembangan UMKM melalui digitalisasi dan globalisasi mutlak dilakukan. Dengan digitalisasi dan globalisasi UMKM dapat melakukan efisiensi operasional, meningkatkan produktivitas, memperluas jangkauan pasar, dan meningkatkan daya saing. Melalui metodologi penelitian deskriftif, jenis data berupa data sekunder dikumpulkan dengan metode studi pustaka, kemudian dianilisis dengan teknik kualitatif, maka diperoleh hasil bahwa digitalisasi dan globalisasi UMKM sebagai critical engine dapat mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia, dan diperoleh hasil seberapa besar kontribusi UMKM terhadap penyerapan tenaga kerja, kredit, ekspor, dan PDB di Indonesia.