Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ScholarWorks@UARK ScholarWorks@UARK

Cancer cachexia is a wasting syndrome characterized by extreme weight and skeletal muscle loss that results in death in many tumor bearing individuals. Because skeletal muscle requires a high amount of energy to function, skeletal muscle fiber cells need healthy mitochondria to function. When skeletal muscle loss atrophy occurs, the mitochondrial network is degraded. Different treatments for this muscle atrophy are being studied, one of which is a leucine supplementation since leucine has been found to stimulate skeletal muscle growth in other studies. However, current data suggests that a leucine supplementation in cachexic individuals exacerbates this atrophy. PURPOSE: This study will examine how leucine supplementation will affect the mitochondrial markers in pre-cachectic mice. METHODS: Female APC Min/+ and their wild-type litter mates were assigned to either the leucine supplementation group, which will receive leucine in their water until tissue harvest, or no leucine supplementation group. The gastrocnemius was harvested at 13 weeks (pre-cachectic stage). Quantitative PCR was performed to determine mRNA abundance of OPA1 and BNIP3. A two-way ANOVA was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between in mitochondrial markers, OPA1 and BNIP3, between groups. There was a main effect of leucine and time, and there was an interaction between genotype and time. There were no significant differences in tissue weights, and the APC Min/+ leucine group had the highest average polyp count. There was an interaction between genotype and treatment in peak torque averages, and the comparison between wild-type no leucine and APC Min/+ no leucine was significant. CONCLUSIONS: Leucine does not have a significant effect on the mitochondrial quality or health of female mice in the pre-cachectic stage.
Phytoplankton Community Composition in the Eastern Subarctic Pacific Derived from Hyperspectral Optics

We evaluate the utility of hyperspectral particulate absorption data to characterize phytoplankton community structure in the eastern Subarctic Pacific Ocean. Relative to existing algorithms based solely on Chlorophyll-a concentrations (Chla), improved taxonomic classification (validated with pigment-based data) was obtained by including Principal Components Analysis of hyperspectral absorption data. Multiple linear regression of hyperspectral absorption data yielded better taxonomic classification, particularly for estimates of haptophyte biomass. In addition, size-fractionated hyperspectral measurements were 5 used to determine the dominant phytoplankton size of the phytoplankton community. Using high-frequency ship-board optical data, we examined the spatial patterns in phytoplankton taxonomic abundance in coastal and offshore waters around Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Results from this analysis were consistent with expectations based on previous low-resolution sampling, demonstrating expected seasonal succession of different phytoplankton groups, and significant variability in coastal phytoplankton taxonomy associated with dominant hydrographic features. In contrast, much less spatial and temporal variabil-10 ity was observed in offshore waters. Derived patterns in phytoplankton taxonomy were linked to observed patterns in surface water biogeochemical properties, notably the distribution of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) to Chla ratios. Our results highlight the potential for shipboard hyperspectral absorption data to describe phytoplankton
The prevalence , distribution and functional importance of lower limb somatosensory impairments in chronic stroke : a cross sectional observational study

Results: Complete somatosensory data was obtained for 163 ambulatory chronic stroke survivors, mean (SD) age 67(12) years, mean (SD) time since stroke 29 (46) months. Overall, 56 % (n=92/163) were impaired in the most affected lower limb in one or more sensory modality; 18% (n=30/163) had impairment of exteroceptive sensation (light touch, pressure, pin-prick), 55% (n=90/163) had impairment of sharp-blunt discrimination, and 19% (n=31/163) proprioceptive impairment. Distal regions of toes and foot were more frequently impaired than proximal regions (shin and thigh). Distal proprioception was significantly correlated with falls incidence (r=0.25; p<0.01), and Centre of Force velocity (r=0.22, p<0.01). The Walking Impact Scale was the only variable that significantly contributed to a predictive model of falls accounting for 15-20% of the variance.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) When

Sexual signal evolution is shaped by whether only one or both sexes execute mate choice. When mate choice by both sexes is considered, the same signalling modality is generally inferred for males and females. In the noctuid moth Chloridea ( Heliothis ) virescen s (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), both sexes may be signallers and responders, as both emit a sex-specific pheromone. Male mate choice is based on the female sex pheromone, perceived via the antennae, and has been well documented. However, whether females choose partners and whether their choice is based on the male pheromone are unknown. Since female mate choice is expected when males vary in quality, we reared males on two different larval diets that affected their size, which correlated positively with their fitness. When given a choice, more females mated with larger than with smaller males, and these females produced more eggs and larvae. Female choice was not affected by the absolute amount or composition of the male pheromone. Moreover, we found that antennaless females mated as readily as intact females, indicating that antennal sensory input is not required for females to mate. To determine whether females make an active choice, we studied courtship behaviour in detail and observed that females determined the outcome of courtship by moving away from the male (avoidance) or by facilitating copulation with an abdominal bend (acceptance). Additionally, we discovered that tactile sensory stimuli may be involved during courtship. Because tactile interactions may mediate contact-based (chemical) communication, we also investigated putative pheromone components on moth legs, but found no differences between the sexes. Together, our study is the first comprehensive investigation of female mate choice in a heliothine moth.
A note on the forecast performance of temporal aggregation

"This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Rostami-Tabar, B. , Babai, M.Z. , Syntetos, A. and Ducq, Y. (2014) A note on the forecast performance of temporal aggregation. Naval Research Logistics , volume 61 (7): 489-500, which has been published in final form at http://dx.doi. org/10.1002/nav.21598. This article may be used for noncommercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving. "
Differentiating from Recurrent/Progressive to Other Perfusion Parameters in Necrosis Using Perfusion CT: Can These Add Histopathology-Proved Treatment-Induced Permeability Estimates in

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Differentiating treatment effects from RPT is a common yet challenging task in a busy neuro-oncologic pratice. PS probably represents a different aspect of angiogenesis and vasculature and can provide additional physiologic information about recurrent/progressive enhancing lesions. The purpose of the study was to use PS measured by using PCT to differentiate TIN from RPT in patients with previously irradiated brain tumor who presented with a recurrent/progressive enhancing lesion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-two patients underwent PCT for assessment of a recurrent/ progressive enhancing lesion from January 2006 to November 2009. Thirty-eight patients who underwent surgery and histopathologic diagnosis were included in this analysis. Perfusion parameters such as PS, CBV, CBF, and MTT were obtained from the enhancing lesion as well as from the NAWM. RESULTS: Of 38 patients, 11 were diagnosed with pure TIN and 27 had RPT. Patients with TIN showed significantly lower mean PS values than those with RPT (1.8 (cid:1) 0.8 versus 3.6 (cid:1) 1.6 mL/100 g/min; P value (cid:2) . 001). The TIN group also showed lower rCBV (1.2 (cid:1) 0.3 versus 2.1 (cid:1) 0.7; P value (cid:3) . 001), lower rCBF (1.2 (cid:1) 0.5 versus 2.6 (cid:1) 1.7; P value (cid:2) . 004), and higher rMTT (1.4 (cid:1) 0.4 versus 1.0 (cid:1) 0.4; P value (cid:2) . 018) compared with the RPT group. CONCLUSIONS: PCT and particularly PS can be used in patients with previously treated brain tumors to differentiate TIN from RPT. PS estimates can help increase the accuracy of PCT in differentiating these 2 entities.
Engineered imaging scaffolds for cryo-EM of small proteins of interest

Determining structures of proteins is important to understand protein functions, and a rapidly evolving technique in this field is cryogen electron microscopy. However, size limitations are preventing wider applications of the technique because small proteins have poor signal to noise ratios and are not possible to distinguish in single-particle images. The hypothesis of this project is that it is possible to image very small proteins, bypassing the conventional size limitations of single-particle cryo-EM, by utilizing a carrier protein-scaffold (Putrescine Aminotransferase; YgjG) connected through helical fusion to an affibody (Zwt) that can bind to a small protein of interest. The complex provides a sufficient size, symmetry, and rigidity for successful electron microscopy also of the non-covalently bound small protein of interest. To characterise the proposed scaffold, thermal stability through CD, binding of target protein in SPR, purity through SEC and experiments towards proof-of-concept in cryo-EM will be performed. The small protein of interest to be imaged in the proof-of-concept setup is another affibody, called Z963, that would be the smallest protein ever solved with cryo-EM. The results show that the investigated tetrameric protein scaffold is a highly stable protein (T m ~85 o C) that can tolerate affibody fusion with retained binding function of multiple sites. The protein can be recombinantly expressed and purified in high yield and forms tetramers also when fused to affibody. The cryo-EM results are still pending, but promising grids have been created and in an initial particle selection clear 2-D classes that also reveal the small bound protein of interest have been generated. To conclude, biophysical characterization indicates that YgjG is a promising base structure for an imaging scaffold and preliminary single-particle cryo-EM analyses show that the proposed strategy to investigate structures of small proteins of interest is feasible.
Local recurrence in rectal cancer : mechanisms of development, patterns of relapse and treatment options

Background: The purpose of this study is to analyze the pooled results of multimodality treatment of locally advanced rectal carcinoma (LARC) in four major treatment centers with particular expertise in intra-operative radiotherapy (IORT). Patients and methods: 605 patients with LARC who underwent multimodality treatment up to 2005 were studied. The basic treatment principle was preoperative (chemo)radiotherapy, intended radical surgery, IORT and elective adjuvant chemotherapy. In uni-and multi-variate analyses risk factors for local recurrence (LR), distant metastases (DM) and overall survival (OS) were studied. Results: Chemoradiotherapy lead to more downstaging and complete remissions than radiotherapy alone (p < 0.001). 42% of the patients received adjuvant chemotherapy, independent of TNM-stage or radicality of the resection. LR rate, DM rate and OS were 12.0%, 29.2% and 67.1%, respectively. Risk factors associated with LR were no downstaging, lymph node positivity, margin involvement and no postoperative chemotherapy. Male gender, preoperatively staged T4-disease, no downstaging, lymph node positivity and margin involvement were associated with a higher risk for DM. A risk model was created to determine a prognostic index for individual patients with LARC. Conclusions: Overall oncologic results after multimodality treatment of LARC are promising. Adding adjuvant chemotherapy to the treatment can possibly improve LR rates.
Water chemical properties of Miyun Reservoir,Beijing and the main rivers flowing into the reservoir

This paper investigated and analyzed the water chemical properties of Miyun Reservoir,Beijing and the varied river runoff affected by forest vegetation in the Miyun Reservoir Watershed.The results showed that the concentrations of some elements in the rivers and creeks flowing into the Miyun Reservoir were not only related to the chemical composition of precipitation in open field,but also affected by the characteristics of local soil,vegetation and human factors.The water eutrophication pollution of Miyun Reservoir during the period of year 2003——2005 was more serious than those of the past 20 years.The pollution contribution from the Bai River Sub-watershed was the largest,which accounted for 46.20% of the Miyun Reservior;while that of the Chao River was the second by accounting for 30.02% of the reservoir;and the third was the Baimaguan River by accounting for 4.97% of the reservior.The concentrations of N and P in Chao River and Bai River were higher than those of Baimaguan River and Andamu River,but the situation was contrary for the element K.The above concentration differences might be caused by the variances in land use and fertilization.The waterhead-protection forests in the Miyun Reservoir play a key role in improving the water quality of precipitation and farmland surface flow.
On the Cost of Measuring Traﬀic in a Virtualized Environment

—The current trend in application development and deployment is to package applications and services within containers or virtual machines. This results in a blend of virtual and physical resources with complex network interconnection schemas mixing virtual and physical switches along with speciﬁc protocols to build virtual networks spanning over several servers. While the complexity of this set-up is hidden by private/public cloud management solutions, e.g. OpenStack, this new environment constitutes a challenge when it comes to monitor and debug performance related issues. In this paper, we introduce the problem of measuring trafﬁc in a virtualized environment and focus on one typical scenario, namely virtual machines interconnected with a virtual switch. For this scenario, we assess the cost of continuously measuring the network trafﬁc activity of the machines. Speciﬁcally, we seek to estimate the competition that exists to access the physical resources (e.g., CPU) of the physical server between the measurement task and the legacy application activity.
Overview of the NTCIR-17 Unbiased Learning to Rank Evaluation 2 (ULTRE-2) Task

In this paper, we present an overview of the Unbiased Learning to Rank Evaluation 2 (ULTRE-2) task, a pilot task at the NTCIR-17. The ULTRE-2 task aims to evaluate the effectiveness of unbiased learning to rank (ULTR) models with a large-scale user behavior log collected from Baidu.com, a commercial Web search engine. In this paper, we describe the task specification, dataset construction, implemented baselines, and official evaluation results of the submitted runs.
Landscape pattern evolution of Beijing in recent 20 years

The Thematic Mapper image data of 1984,1997 and ETM data of 2002 in Beijing were interpreted through ERDAS.The landscape indices of landscape type and landscape level were calculated using the FRAGSTATS software.The analysis on the changes of Beijing landscape pattern indicates that the urban area nearly doubled during 1997--2002,and farmland decreased rapidly as a result of urbanization.There was much difference in the patch area of landscape types in Beijing.Landscape variations during 1984--2002 did not cause obvious changes in rank of landscape types.Fragmentation pace of the landscape types in plain area quickened,and the layout and management of land use need to be strengthened.
Two Lower Bounds for Random Point Sets via Negative Association

We present two lower bounds that hold with high probability for random point sets. We first give a new, and elementary, proof that the classical models of random point sets (uniform in a smooth convex body, uniform in a polygon, Gaussian) have a superconstant number of extreme points with high probability. We next prove that any algorithm that determines the orientation of all triples in a planar set of n points (that is, the order type of the point set) from their Cartesian coordinates must read with high probability 4 n log n − O ( n log log n ) coordinate bits. This matches previously known upper bounds. Both bounds rely on a method due to Dubhashi and Ranjan ( Random Structures and Algorithms , 1998) for obtaining concentration results via a negative association property.
Robust rules for prediction and description

proposed C LASSY , a heuristic algorithm based on the MDL formulation of predictive rule lists for multiclass classiﬁcation. Experiments show that it ﬁnds good predictive models that are also compact without hyperparameter tuning. C LASSY is composed of a frequent pattern mining algorithm to pre-mine all candidate rules and
Dual-channel Dynamical Event-Triggered Load Frequency Control under Attack for Wind Power Systems with Multiple Time-varying Delay

In order to stabilize a multi-time-delay interconnected wind power system, a dual-channel dynamic event-triggered load frequency control scheme is proposed, considering network attacks in this paper. Firstly, this paper designs load frequency control of wind power system incorporating the effect of time-varying delay both in the states and control input. Secondly, in order to reduce the occupancy of communication bandwidth, a novel transmission scheme with two asynchronous event triggers network channels has been designed. Further, a malicious bounded time-delay deception attack model is proposed to enhance the security. By constructing a discrete-type Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional, stability criteria with H∞ performance index are established. Finally, numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
Relationship between Food Choice Motive and Organic Food Buying Decision: A Conceptual Study

With the growing popularity of organic food, and the availability of organic food has been vastly expanded globally. According to the Global Organic Food & Beverages Market Analysis by Product, Geography, Regulations, Pricing Trends, & Forecast (2010-2015) report, it is estimated that there will be a compound annual growth of 12.8 percent for the organic food and beverages market worldwide and is anticipated to reach $104.50 billion by year 2015. The organically grown food is using the method of preserving and replenishing soil fertility without any involvement of poisonous and harmful pesticides. In other word, organic food is produced with no artificial ingredients and preservatives to maintain the integrity of the food. It relies on biodiversity, ecological processes, and cycles adapted to local conditions, rather than the use of inputs with adverse effects. The main objective of this research is to find out which factor is most significant to consumer’s organic food buying decision. Further, the implication of this paper is also to provide a platform for food industry
On the Linear Capacity of Conditional Disclosure of Secrets

Conditional disclosure of secrets (CDS) is the problem of disclosing as efficiently as possible, one secret from Alice and Bob to Carol if and only if the inputs at Alice and Bob satisfy some function. The information theoretic capacity of CDS is the maximum number of bits of the secret that can be securely disclosed per bit of total communication from Alice and Bob to Carol. All CDS instances, where the capacity is the highest and is equal to 1/2, are recently characterized through a noise and signal alignment approach and are described using a graph representation of the function. In this work, we go beyond the best case scenarios and further develop the alignment approach to characterize the linear capacity of a class of CDS instances to be <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(\rho -1)/(2\rho)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\rho $ </tex-math></inline-formula> is a newly introduced and highly specific covering parameter of the graph representation of the function.
Ceftobiprole for the treatment of pneumonia: a european perspective

: Ceftobiprole, a new broad spectrum, parenteral cephalosporin, exhibits potent in vitro activity against a number of Gram-positive pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Gram-negative pathogens associated with hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Ceftobiprole has demonstrated noninferiority in two large-scale pivotal studies comparing it to ceftriaxone with or without linezolid in CAP, with clinical cure rates 86.6% versus 87.4%, or ceftazidime in HAP, with clinical cure rates of 77% versus 76%, respectively. However, ceftobiprole was inferior in the subgroup of patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. Ceftobiprole has so far demonstrated a good safety profile in preliminary studies, with similar tolerability to comparators. The most commonly observed adverse events of ceftobiprole included headache and gastrointestinal upset. It is the first cephalosporin monotherapy approved in the EU for the treatment of both CAP and HAP (excluding ventilator-associated pneumonia).
FASTeller: A Hardware Partial Aggregator for Accurate Flow Counting in Cloud Networks

Accurate per-flow counting is beyond the capability of network switches due to the sheer flow number. The conventional divide-and-conquer method by distributing the traffic to multiple servers for software processing is costly. The solution therefore quests for a combination of hardware and software where the hardware with limited resources aims to undertake a part of the job and reduce the workload of software, achieving a desirable balance of cost and performance. To this end we design FASTeller to be deployed on SmartNICs. It is tuned to maximize the counting aggregation level in hardware, leaving the server a much lower workload for accurate per-flow counting and sparing the server capacity for post-counting functions such as network intrusion detection. The novelty lies in the multi-tier hardware caching data structure which is tailored for the flow distribution properties of real traffic. We build an FPGA-based prototype and evaluate the performance of FASTeller. The low-cost implementation achieves the highest performance among the methods in comparison and can easily sustain the accurate perflow counting for 100Gbps traffic with the least software load.
TWENTY YEARS AFTER SOCIALISM: THE TRANSFORMATION OF PRAGUE’S INNER STRUCTURE

The cities of Central and East Europe have by now passed through 20 years of democracy and market economy. The new political, economic and societal climate brought a revival of urban processes which had been interrupted by forty years of socialism. The article discusses the relevancy of the post-socialist city concept. We search for specific aspects of development of cities influenced by socialism taking the example of urban processes, which have been changing the inner spatial structure of Prague. Globalization, new technology and new forms of work and mobility have similar impacts on urban development on both sides of the former Iron Curtain. However we argue that other aspects, such as the inherited physical and social structure of the socialist city as well as the institutional context of post-socialism, have resulted in a specific form of urban processes, at least during the transformation era, in the majority of European post-socialist countries. Although similar key urban processes are forming the spatial patterns of post-socialist and western cities, they often have different causes, dynamics and consequences in the two contexts.