Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Integrating research tools to support the management of social-ecological systems under climate change

Developing resource management strategies in the face of climate change is complicated by the considerable uncertainty associated with projections of climate and its impacts and by the complex interactions between social and ecological variables. The broad, interconnected nature of this challenge has resulted in calls for analytical frameworks that integrate research tools and can support natural resource management decision making in the face of uncertainty and complex interactions. We respond to this call by first reviewing three methods that have proven useful for climate change research, but whose application and development have been largely isolated: species distribution modeling, scenario planning, and simulation modeling. Species distribution models provide data- driven estimates of the future distributions of species of interest, but they face several limitations and their output alone is not sufficient to guide complex decisions for how best to manage resources given social and economic considerations along with dynamic and uncertain future conditions. Researchers and managers are increasingly exploring potential futures of social-ecological systems through scenario planning, but this process often lacks quantitative response modeling and validation procedures. Simulation models are well placed to provide added rigor to scenario planning because of their ability to reproduce complex system dynamics, but the scenarios and management options explored in simulations are often not developed by stakeholders, and there is not a clear consensus on how to include climate model outputs. We see these strengths and weaknesses as complementarities and offer an analytical framework for integrating these three tools. We then describe the ways in which this framework can help shift climate change research from useful to usable.
Infections with Extended-Spectrum b-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Changing Epidemiology and Drug Treatment Choices

313 1. The Changing Epidemiology of Infections due to Enterobacteriaceae that Produce ESBLs . 316 1.1 The Emergence of CTX-Mb-Lactamases . 316 1.2 Importance and Distribution of CTX-M-15-Producing Escherichia coli . 316 1.3 Molecular Epidemiology of CTX-M-15-Producing E. coli . 318 1.4 Emergence of Multilocus Sequencing Typing Clone ST131 O25:H4 Producing CTX-M-15. 318 2. Economic Burden of Infections due to ESBL-Producing Enterobacteriaceae . 320 3. Treatment of Infections Caused by ESBL-Producing Enterobacteriaceae . 321 3.
Defective T cell Fas function in patients with multiple sclerosis

Background: Fas (CD95) triggers programmed cell death and is involved in shutting off the immune response. Inherited deleterious mutations hitting Fas or its signaling pathway cause autoimmune/lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS). Objective: To assess the possibility that decreased Fas function plays a role in development of MS. Methods: The authors evaluated Fas function in long-term T cell lines (21 days of culture) from 32 patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), 15 with secondary progressive MS (SPMS), and 15 with primary progressive MS (PPMS) by assessing cell survival upon Fas triggering by monoclonal antibodies (Mab). Results: Fas-induced cell death was significantly lower in all patient groups than in controls, and lower in SPMS than in RRMS. Moreover, 8/15 patients with PPMS, 10/15 with SPMS, and 8/32 with RRMS were frankly resistant to Fas. Frequency of resistance to Fas-induced cell death was significantly higher in all patient groups than in controls (2/75), and higher in SPMS than in RRMS. The findings that the parents of two Fas-resistant patients were Fas-resistant and that fusion of T cells from two Fas-resistant patients with Fas-sensitive HUT78 cells gave rise to Fas-resistant hybrid lines suggest that Fas-resistance is due to inherited alterations of the Fas signaling pathway, with production of molecules exerting a dominant negative effect on a normal Fas system. Conclusions: Defects of the immune response shutting-off system may be involved in the pathogenesis of MS, particularly in its progressive evolution.
What is the Optimal Duration of a Short-term Antidepressant Trial When Treating Geriatric Depression?

Background: To determine the optimal duration of an antidepressant trial in elderly patients, the authors examined the probability of eventually responding to treatment based on early improvement. Methods: Four hundred seventy-two elderly patients with major depression (nonpsychotic, nonbipolar) were treated under protocolized conditions for up to 12 weeks and assessed weekly with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. The probability of full response after 12 weeks of treatment was calculated in patients who had not fully responded after periods of treatment that lasted for 4 to 10 weeks. Results: Most of the patients who had shown a partial improvement after 4 weeks of treatment became full responders after 4 or more additional weeks of treatment. By contrast, only a few of those who were nonresponders became full responders even after up to 8 additional weeks of treatment. Conclusions: After 4 weeks of treatment, it is possible to reliably identify a subgroup of elderly patients with depression who are more likely to benefit from a change in their treatment than from a few additional weeks of treatment with the same agent.
Evolution by mutation

I t is not possible for me to represent the high tradition of Josiah Willard Gibbs by offering you a mathematical treatment. Nevertheless, the subject of biological evolution and its mechanism must be of great interest to yourselves, as the most exemplary products of its operation. Perhaps, then, our reconnaissance flight over these biological jungles, and our attempts to measure certain aspects of them, may serve to entice some of you or, through you, some of those with whom your influence counts, into bringing your higher powered mental tools to bear in the more effective and more elegant mapping and analysis of this territory. If so, my intention to inveigle you into it will have been successfully accomplished. To those philosophers who declare "I think, therefore I am," their own existence seems the one complete certainty. To others, it does not seem so certain that they do think, nor even that they produce a significant imprint on reality in general. I t is, however, evident that they, along with all things living, if they do exist, are utter improbabilities, far less plausible than any other phenomena that have been encountered. Herein we shall at tempt to assess how fantastically unlikely we and our fellow creatures are, and by what means such preposterous anomalies could have come about. The old-time philosopher still insists that such extravagances of organization could have arisen only by design, inasmuch as accident cannot be expected to convert itself into order. However, a dispassionate examination of the rules of this game of life should throw some light on the question of how such a massive compounding of improbabilities may have taken place.
An outbreak of human blastomycosis: the epidemiology of blastomycosis in the Kenora catchment region of Ontario, Canada.

81 Contained in this issue: 25 Anniversary . 81 An Outbreak of Human Blastomycosis: the Epidemiology of Blastomycosis in the Kenora Catchment Region of Ontario, Canada . 82 Respiratory Virus Surveillance – FluWatch Project . 91 Contenu du présent numéro : 25 anniversaire . 81 Éclosion de blastomycose humaine : épidémiologie de la blastomycose dans le bassin démographique de Kenora en Ontario, Canada . 82 Surveillance des virus respiratoires – Projet FluWatch. 91 ISSN 1188-4169
Sulphate-reducing bacteria and anaerobic corrosion.

INTRODUCTION 195 CORROSION . 196 Electrochemical Mechanism . 196 Microbial Corrosion . 197 Sulphate-Reducing Bacteria and Anaerobic Corrosion. 199 Proposed Mechanisms for Anaerobic Corrosion . 200 Anaerobic Corrosion and Complex Ecosystems . 205
Structural aspects of the red cell anion exchange protein.

PERSPECTIVES AND SUMMARy 512 STRUCTURE OF THE BAND 3 PROTEIN 513 Proteolytic Cleavage Sites 513 Sequence . , . 514 Chemical Modifications 517 Topology oj Membrane Domain 519 Topology oJ Cytoplasmic Domain 523 POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS 523 Glycosylation . 523 Phosphorylation . 524 Methylation . , 524 BIOSYNTHESIS AND ASSEMBLy 524
Companion for Tight and Compact MILP Formulation for the Thermal Unit Commitment Problem

1 Formulations 1 1.1 Nomenclature . 2 1.2 One-binary UC formulation [2] . 3 1.3 Three-binary UC formulation [3] . 4 1.4 Tight & Compact UC Formulation [1] . 5 1.5 Implemented Formulations . 6
MODEL FOR IMPROVING THE IN-ROLE PERFORMANCE OF PRIVATE LECTURERS IN INDONESIA.

Muhammad Akhsan Tenrisau 1 , Siti Haerani 2 , Haris Maupa 2 And Muhammad Ismail Pabo 2 . 1. Department of Management, STIE NOBEL Indonesia Makassar, Indonesia. 2. Faculty of Economics and Business, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History Received: 06 April 2019 Final Accepted: 08 May 2019 Published: June 2019
Fungal infection in the lung transplant recipient

s of the 13th Congress of the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology, Parma, Italy; 1997. Abstract 571. 46. Sharkey PK, Graybill JR, Johnson ES, et al. Amphotericin B lipid complex compared with amphotericin B in the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis in patients with AIDS. Clin Infect Dis. 1996;22:315–321. 47. Anaissie EJ, White MH, Uzun O, et al. Amphotericin B lipid complex vs amphotericin B for treatment of invasive candidiasis: a prospective, randomized multicenter trial . In: Program and abstracts of the 35th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (San Francisco), Washington, DC, American Society for Microbiology; 1994:330. Abstract LM21. 48. Oravcova E, Mistrik M, Sakalova A, et al.LM21. 48. Oravcova E, Mistrik M, Sakalova A, et al. Amphotericin B lipid complex to treat invasive fungal infections in cancer patients: report of efficacy and safety in 20 patients. Chemotherapy. 1995;41:473–476. 49. Mehta J, Chu P, Powles R, et al. Amphotericin B lipid complex for the treatment of presumed or confirmed fungal infections in immunocompromised patients with hematologic malignancies. Drugs Today. 1996;32:417–421. 50. Naguib MT, Huycke MM, Pederson JA, et al. Apophysomyces elegans infection in a renal transplant recipient. Am J Kidney Dis. 1995;26:
HEPATOBILIARY ABNORMALITIES AMONG PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS IN SOUTHERN ODISHA

Background: Southern Odisha has nearly 40% of total PLHAs (People Living with HIV/AIDS) of the state.Aims: The aim was to explore theprevalence of Hepatobiliary abnormalities in PLHAs of southern Odisha with periodical follow up over a period of one year and nine months. Settings and Design: Prospective observational study. Materials and Methods: Fifty HIV infected patients enrolled in ART(Antiretroviral Therapy) centre, MKCG Medical College Hospital, Brahmapur, were included and prospectively followed up and analyzed every five monthsfor liver enzymes and total bilirubinfrom January 2015 to September 2016. Results: The prevalence of hepatobiliary abnormalities was found to be 84%. Among the study subjects, 30% had raised aminotransferases, while 54% had isolated elevation of ALP(Alkaline Phosphatase). 20% had jaundice with raised bilirubin. Eight per cent were seropositive for HBsAg (Hepatitis B surface antigen), of which three-fourth had abnormal liver enzymes. Forty four percent were alcoholics; all had hepatobiliary abnormalities and half of them had isolated ALPelevation. Sixty per cent had tuberculosis (with completed DOTS), ofwhich 24% had elevated liver enzymes and 32% had isolated ALP elevation. Conclusions: The prevalence of hepatobiliary involvement in PLHAs is quite high. Multiple factors can be attributed for this. Hence, physicians treating them should be more vigilant for monitoring of hepatotoxicity.
Microsoft codename "Montego"

A fundamental problem in database systems is deriving useful information from untold quantities of data fragments that exist in the web's data stores. Data is abundant, useful information is rare. This problem space plays host to many successful and innovative solutions from industry (e.g., [2, 4, 5, 9]), and the open-source community (e.g., [11]). Each solution has its strengths and weaknesses based their balance of utility and usability. In this paper, we demonstrate the unique approach to data mashups that Microsoft Codename "Montego" brings to the space. The "Montego" tool allows non-technical users to create complex data queries in a familiar graphical environment, while making the full expressiveness of a query language available to professional users. "Montego" operates both as a standalone client, where a user can launch it from an application like Excel® to import and manipulate data into a spreadsheet, or as a cloud service, where a user can take the product of data transformation and publish its results into a database or to the web as an OData feed.
A Trophic Position Model of Pelagic Food Webs: Impact on Contaminant Bioaccumulation in Lake Trout

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Mechanisms of Action of Carbapenem Resistance

Carbapenem antibiotics are the most effective antimicrobials for the treatment of infections caused by the most resistant bacteria. They belong to the category of β-lactams that include the penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams and carbapenems. This class of antimicrobials has a broader spectrum of activity than most other beta-lactams antibiotics and are the most effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. All β-lactams antibiotics have a similar molecular structure: the carbapenems together with the β-lactams. This combination gives an extraordinary stability to the molecule against the enzymes inactivating the β-lactams. They are safe to use and therefore widespread use in many countries has given rise to carbapenem resistance which is a major global public health problem. The carbapenem resistance in some species is intrinsic and consists of the capacity to resist the action of antibiotics with several mechanisms: for the absence of a specific target, or an intrinsic difference in the composition of cytoplasmatic membrane or the inability to cross the outer membrane. In addition to intrinsic resistance, bacteria can develop resistance to antibiotics with several mechanisms that can be gathered in three main groups. The first group includes antibiotics with poor penetration into the outer membrane of bacterium or antibiotic efflux. The second includes bacteria that modify the target of the antibiotics through genetic mutations or post-translational modification of the target. The third includes bacteria that act with enzyme-catalyzed modification and this is due to the production of beta-lactamases, that are able to inactivate carbapenems and so called carbapenemases. In this review, we focus on the mode of action of carbapenem and the mechanisms of carbapenem resistance.
Nutritional Characterization of Street Food in Urban Turkmenistan, Central Asia

Objective Describing the availability and nutritional composition of the most commonly available street foods in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan. Methods One hundred sixty-one street food vending sites (six public markets) were assessed, through a collection of data on vending sites' characteristics and food availability, and samples of commonly available foods (21 homemade; 11 industrial), for chemical analysis. Results Fruit, beverages, and food other than fruit were available in 6.8, 29.2, and 91.9% of all vending sites, respectively. Regarding the latter, 52.7% of the vending sites sold only homemade products (main dishes, snacks, cakes, biscuits and pastries, bread, ice-cream chocolate and confectionery, savory pastries and sandwiches), 37.2% only industrial (ice-cream, chocolate and confectionery, cakes, biscuits and pastries, snacks, bread and savory pastries) and 10.1% both. Homemade foods presented significantly higher total fat [homemade 11.6 g (range 6.6–19.4 g); industrial 6.2 g (range 4.0–8.6 g), p = 0.001], monounsaturated, polyunsaturated and trans-fat, and sodium and potassium content per serving. Industrial wafers presented the highest mean saturated (11.8 g/serving) and trans-fat (2.32 g/serving) content. Homemade hamburgers presented the highest mean sodium content (1889 mg/serving). Conclusions Strategies to encourage the production and sales of healthier street foods, especially homemade, are needed to promote healthier urban food environments in urban Turkmenistan.
Teaching high-school students nanoscience and nanotechnology

Science education research has recognized the potential of NanoScience and nanoTechnology (NST) due to its contribution to scientific literacy of future generations. Scholars have identified nine "Big Ideas" as important enough to teach in order to understand NST issues. Based on these "Big Ideas" a teaching learning sequence for lower secondary students has been developed focused on: Size and Scale, Tools and Instrumentation, Size-Dependent Properties and Science- Technology-Society. The teaching sequence was implemented in a class of 15 students of a lower secondary school (8 th grade; aged 14-15). Seven meetings took place; each one lasting about ninety minutes. The course was structured as follows: 1. Introduction. 2. How small is a nanometer? 3. How can we "see" the nanoworld? 4. Size-dependent properties: Change of the surface area to volume ratio. 5. Explaining the behavior of different textiles (ranged from hydrophilic to hydrophobic) when absorbing water drops. 6. Explaining color changes in gold nanoparticles. 7. Risk assessment of nanotechnology. Data have been collected by questionnaires, interviews, students' worksheets and field notes. The results seem to be encouraging for the teaching of NST issues even in lower levels of education.
2 M ay 2 00 6 A prime geodesic theorem for SL 4

1 Euler Characteristics and Infinitesimal Characters 4 1.1 The unitary duals of SL2(R) and SL4(R) . 4 1.2 Euler characteristics . 5 1.3 Euler-Poincaré functions . 7 1.4 Euler characteristics in the case of SL4(R) . 10 1.5 The unitary dual of KM . 12 1.6 Infinitesimal characters . 13
Synaptic changes in pallidostriatal circuits observed in parkinsonian model triggers abnormal beta synchrony with accurate spatio-temporal properties across the basal ganglia

Excessive oscillatory activity across basal ganglia (BG) nuclei in the β frequencies (12–30Hz) is a hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD). While the link between oscillations and symptoms remains debated, exaggerated β oscillations constitute an important biomarker for therapeutic effectiveness in PD. The neuronal mechanisms of β-oscillation generation however remain unknown. Many existing models rely on a central role of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) or cortical inputs to BG. Contrarily, neural recordings and optogenetic manipulations in normal and parkinsonian rats recently highlighted the central role of the external pallidum (GPe) in abnormal β oscillations, while showing that the integrity of STN or motor cortex is not required. Here, we evaluate the mechanisms for the generation of abnormal β oscillations in a BG network model where neuronal and synaptic time constants, connectivity, and firing rate distributions are strongly constrained by experimental data. Guided by a mean-field approach, we show in a spiking neural network that several BG sub-circuits can drive oscillations. Strong recurrent STN-GPe connections or collateral intra-GPe connections drive gamma oscillations (> 40Hz), whereas strong pallidostriatal loops drive low-β (10-15Hz) oscillations. We show that pathophysiological strengthening of striatal and pallidal synapses following dopamine depletion leads to the emergence of synchronized oscillatory activity in the mid-β range with spike-phase relationships between BG neuronal populations in-line with experiments. Furthermore, inhibition of GPe, contrary to STN, abolishes oscillations. Our modeling study uncovers the neural mechanisms underlying PD β oscillations and may thereby guide the future development of therapeutic strategies. Significance statement In Parkinson’s disease, neural activity in subcortical nuclei called the basal ganglia displays abnormal oscillatory synchronization that constitutes an important biomarker for therapeutic effectiveness. The neural mechanisms for the generation of these oscillations remain unknown. Here, in a theoretical neuronal network model strongly constrained by anatomical and physiological data, we show that specific circuit modifications in basal ganglia connectivity during Parkinson’s disease lead to the emergence of synchronized oscillatory activity in the network with properties that strongly agree with available experimental evidence. This and future theoretical investigations of the neural mechanisms underlying abnormal neuronal activity in Parkinson’s disease are necessary to guide the future development of therapeutic strategies to ameliorate symptoms.
Heat-shock proteins protect cells from monocyte cytotoxicity: possible mechanism of self-protection

We have previously shown that major heat-shock protein (hsp 70) protects WEHI-S tumor cells from cytotoxicity mediated by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and TNF-beta. In the present study, the effect of altered expression of hsp70 and low molecular weight heat- shock protein, hsp27, on tumor cell sensitivity to monocytes and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells was studied. Constitutive and stable expression of transfected human hsp70 rendered cells almost completely resistant to monocytes. Conversely, inhibition of endogenous hsp70 by expression of antisense hsp70 RNA enhanced the sensitivity of cells to monocyte-mediated killing. Surprisingly, overexpression of human hsp27, which does not protect WEHI-S cells from TNF killing, conferred partial resistance to monocytes. Only approximately 60% of monocyte-mediated killing of WEHI-S cells could be blocked by neutralizing TNF-alpha antibody or immunoglobulin G-TNF receptor chimeric protein, suggesting the presence of both TNF-dependent and TNF- independent lytic mechanisms. As free radicals have been suggested to be mediators of monocyte cytotoxicity, we tested the sensitivity of transfected cells to oxidative stress. Overexpression of either hsp70 or hsp27 rendered cells partially resistant to hydrogen peroxide. No significant changes in the susceptibility of cell lines overexpressing hsp70 or hsp27 to cytotoxicity mediated by LAK cells were observed. Interestingly, monocytes but not LAK cells contained detectable levels of hsp27 and hsp70 in nonstressed conditions. Taken together, these data indicate that hsp70 protects tumor cells from TNF-mediated monocyte cytotoxicity and that both hsp27 and hsp70 confer resistance to TNF-independent, probably free radical-mediated lysis by monocytes. Moreover, hsp27 and hsp70 may provide monocytes with a protective mechanism against their own toxicity.