Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Novel Machine Learning Algorithm for Cloud Detection Using AERI Measurement Data

Infrared hyperspectral remote sensing has been widely used in the field of meteorology. Many scientists have carried out research on inversion methods of meteorological elements such as thermodynamic profile, boundary layer height, cloud base height, etc. In this study, a method based on machine learning for cloud detection using ground-based infrared hyperspectral radiation data is proposed. The features of outliers, the cloudy and cloud-free data of Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI) radiation are extracted. The “reference values” of cloudy and cloud-free are determined based on the observation data of Vaisala CL31 ceilometer within the time range of 8 min before the corresponding time of AERI. A support vector machine (SVM) algorithm is used for training. The dataset comes from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP) site and North Slope Alaska (NSA) site from 2015 to 2017, and the ARM West Antarctic Radiation Experiment (AWARE) site in 2016 is also analyzed. The instruments used in this paper include AERI, ceilometer, etc. The experimental results reveal that the agreement of cloud detection results between the proposed algorithm and ceilometer is about 93% at each site. However, for high clouds or optically thin clouds, the agreement will decrease.
The Tate-Hochschild cohomology ring of a group algebra

We show that the Tate-Hochschild cohomology ring $HH^*(RG,RG)$ of a finite group algebra $RG$ is isomorphic to a direct sum of the Tate cohomology rings of the centralizers of conjugacy class representatives of $G$. Moreover, our main result provides an explicit formula for the cup product in $HH^*(RG,RG)$ with respect to this decomposition. As an example, this formula helps us to compute the Tate-Hochschild cohomology ring of the symmetric group $S_3$ with coefficients in a field of characteristic 3.
Computing Accurate Eigensystems of Scaled Diagonally Dominant Matrices

n fi When com puting eigenvalu es of sym m etric m atrices an d singular valu es of general m atrices i nite precision arithmetic we in general only expect to compute them with an error bound pro- n portional to the product of m achine precision an d the norm of the m atrix. In particular, we do ot expect to com pute tiny eigenvalu es an d singular valu es to high relative accuracy. There are l m som e im portan t classes of m atrices where we can do m uch better, inclu ding bidiagona atrices, scaled diagonally dom inan t m atrices, an d scaled diagonally dom inan t defin ite pencils. c These classes inclu de m an y graded m atrices, an d all sym m etric positive defin ite m atrices which an be consistently ordered ( and thus all sym metric positive definite tridiagonal m atrices) . In n i particu lar, the singular valu es an d eigenvalu es are determ ined to high relative precisio ndependent of their m agn itudes, an d there are algorithm s to com pute them this accurately. c The eigenvectors are also determ ined m ore accurately than for general m atrices, an d m ay be om puted m ore accurately as well. This work extends resu lts of Kah an an d D em m el for bidiag-
Survey on Carbapenem-Resistant Bacteria in Pigs at Slaughter and Comparison with Human Clinical Isolates in Italy

This study is focused on resistance to carbapenems and third-generation cephalosporins in Gram-negative microorganisms isolated from swine, whose transmission to humans via pork consumption cannot be excluded. In addition, the common carriage of carbapenem-resistant (CR) bacteria between humans and pigs was evaluated. Sampling involved 300 faecal samples collected from slaughtered pigs and 300 urine samples collected from 187 hospitalised patients in Parma Province (Italy). In swine, MIC testing confirmed resistance to meropenem for isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas oryzihabitans and resistance to cefotaxime and ceftazidime for Escherichia coli, Ewingella americana, Enterobacter agglomerans, and Citrobacter freundii. For Acinetobacter lwoffii, Aeromonas hydrofila, Burkolderia cepacia, Corynebacterium indologenes, Flavobacterium odoratum, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, no EUCAST MIC breakpoints were available. However, ESBL genes (blaCTXM-1, blaCTX-M-2, blaTEM-1, and blaSHV) and AmpC genes (blaCIT, blaACC, and blaEBC) were found in 38 and 16 isolates, respectively. P. aeruginosa was the only CR species shared by pigs (4/300 pigs; 1.3%) and patients (2/187; 1.1%). P. aeruginosa ST938 carrying blaPAO and blaOXA396 was detected in one pig as well as an 83-year-old patient. Although no direct epidemiological link was demonstrable, SNP calling and cgMLST showed a genetic relationship of the isolates (86 SNPs and 661 allele difference), thus suggesting possible circulation of CR bacteria between swine and humans.
Machine Learning report - Project II

—This report focuses on multi-object detection in image sequences. Throughout the paper, several detection algorithms (namely YOLO and SSD) and tracking algorithms (namely MOSSE, KCF and Deep SORT) are compared. Furthermore, the limitations of the algorithms are discussed, along with measures of accuracy and speed. We ﬁnally concluded that the best compromise was a model using SSD detection and MOSSE tracking : we managed to achieve 31 fps and 63% of accuracy.
Human Monocytes by the Alarmin MRP8 Dominant Role for TLR4 in the Activation of Transcriptome Assessment Reveals a

The alarmins myeloid-related protein (MRP)8 and MRP14 are the most prevalent cytoplasmic proteins in phagocytes. When released from activated or necrotic phagocytes, extracellular MRP8/MRP14 promote inﬂammation in many diseases, including infec-tions, allergies, autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and inﬂammatory bowel disease. The involvement of TLR4 and the multiligand receptor for advanced glycation end products as receptors during MRP8-mediated effects on inﬂammation remains controversial. By comparative bioinformatic analysis of genome-wide response patterns of human monocytes to MRP8, endotoxins, and various cytokines, we have developed a model in which TLR4 is the dominant receptor for MRP8-mediated phagocyte activation. The relevance of the TLR4 signaling pathway was experimentally validated using human and murine models of TLR4- and receptor for advanced glycation end products–dependent signaling. Furthermore, our systems biology approach has uncovered an antiapoptotic role for MRP8 in monocytes, which was corroborated by independent functional experiments. Our data conﬁrm the primary importance of the TLR4/MRP8 axis in the activation of human monocytes, representing a novel and attractive target for modulation of the overwhelming innate immune response. The Journal of Immunology , 2015, 194: 000–000. in
Health Systems: Strengthening preparedness-G20 Insights

Elio Borgonovi (Bocconi University) , Chiara Cadeddu (Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore) , Marta Dassù (Aspen Institute Italia) , Fabrizio Landi (Toscana Life Sciences) , Ali Mehdi (Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER)) , Sabrina Montante (Head of EU Affairs-Health Research Sector) , Sunisha Neupane (International Development Research Centre) , Mario Raviglione (MACH Centre, Università di Milano) , Walter Ricciardi (Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore) , Niccolò Serri (University of Cambridge) , Peter Taylor (International Development Research Centre) September 23, 2021 | Last updated: September 23, 2021
Exceptional Sequences over Graded Cohen-Macaulay Rings

The concept of exceptional sequences was developed by Gorodentsev and Rudakov in [3] and generalized by Bondal in [1]. It is a crucial tool to classify exceptional modules over hereditary algebras and exceptional sheaves over weighted projective lines. In fact, let A be the category of finitely generated modules over a hereditary algebras or the category of coherent sheaves over a weighted projective line and let E be an exceptional sequence in A. Then the length of E is smaller than or equal to the rank n of the Grotherndieck group of A and E is called a complete exceptional sequence if the length of E is equal to n. It is known that any exceptional sequence can be enlarged to a complete exceptional sequence ([2, Lemma 1], [5, Lemma 3.1.3] ) and the braid group Bn on n strings acts transitively on the set of complete exceptional sequences ([2], [5, Theorem 3.3.1]). Fixing a complete exceptional sequence E , for any exceptional object X ∈ A we can find an element σ ∈ Bn such that X belongs to σE . Hence we are able to classify exceptional objects in A by a fixed complete exceptional sequence E with the action of the braid group Bn. In this paper, we shall consider exceptional sequences in the category of finitely generated graded modules over a graded ring. To compare with above cases, exceptional sequences for graded modules may have infinite length. Moreover the braid group B on infinite strings acts on the set of exceptional sequences of infinite length, but the action may not be transitive. Therefore we have to consider the following condition for the exceptional sequence E to classify exceptional modules;
Multi‐ancestry genome‐wide association study of asthma exacerbations

Asthma exacerbations are a serious public health concern due to high healthcare resource utilization, work/school productivity loss, impact on quality of life, and risk of mortality. The genetic basis of asthma exacerbations has been studied in several populations, but no prior study has performed a multi‐ancestry meta‐analysis of genome‐wide association studies (meta‐GWAS) for this trait. We aimed to identify common genetic loci associated with asthma exacerbations across diverse populations and to assess their functional role in regulating DNA methylation and gene expression.
The impacts of longitudinal separation, efficiency loss, and cruise speed adjustment in robust terminal traffic flow problem under uncertainty

ABSTRACT Minimization of approaching time and maximization of the utilization of air route and airport resources are the two ultimate goals of air traffic control. This research considers arrival sequence and the uncertain arrival times at entry waypoints of flights and investigates the impact of air traffic controller specific parameters in the model. The two-stage optimization framework will first determine a deterministic schedule and optimize the approaching time while considering additional longitudinal separation, efficiency loss from deterministic schedule, and cruise speed adjustment in the second-stage optimization model via sample average approximation. The numerical experiments suggested an efficiency loss of 20%, which can absorb the empirical probabilistic lateness at entry waypoints with the real-world data. The proposed method could determine the estimated average delay time at runways with different settings of additional buffer for longitudinal separation and trade-off parameters between the estimated average delay time and estimated penalty cost of cruise speed adjustment.
Performance Analysis of Consensus Algorithms Over Prism Networks Using Laplacian Spectra

Prism networks belong to generalized petersen graph topologies with planar and polyhedral properties. These networks are extensively used to study the complex networks in the context of computer science, biological networks, brain networks, and social networks. In this letter, the performance analysis of consensus algorithms over prism networks is investigated in terms of convergence time, network coherence, and communication delay. Specifically, in this letter, we first derive the explicit expressions for eigenvalues of Laplacian matrix over <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-dimensional prism networks using spectral graph theory. Subsequently, the study of consensus metrics such as convergence time, maximum communication time delay, first order network coherence, and second order network coherence is performed. Our results indicate that the effect of noise and communication time-delay on the consensus dynamics in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-dimensional prism networks is minimal. The obtained results illustrate that the scale-free topology of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-dimensional prism networks along with loopy structure is responsible for strong robustness with respect to consensus dynamics in prism networks.
Energy-efficient Post-failure Reconfiguration of Swarms of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

In this paper, the reconfiguration of swarms of unmanned aerial vehicles after simultaneous failures of multiple nodes is considered. The objectives of the post-failure reconfiguration are to provide collision avoidance and smooth energy-efficient movement. To incorporate such a mechanism, three different failure recovery algorithms are proposed namely thin-plate spline, distance- and time-optimal algorithms. These methods are tested on six swarms, with two variations on failing nodes for each swarm. Simulation results of reconfiguration show that the execution of such algorithms maintains the desired formations with respect to avoiding collisions at run-time. Also, the results show the effectiveness concerning the distance travelled, kinetic energy, and energy efficiency. As expected, the distance-optimal algorithm gives the shortest movements, and the time-optimal algorithm gives the most energy-efficient movements. The thinplate spline is also found to be energy-efficient and has less computational cost than the other two proposed methods. Despite the suggested heuristics, these are combinatorial in nature and might be hard to use in practice. Furthermore, the use of the regularization parameter λ in thin-plate spline is also investigated, and it is found that too large values on λ can lead to incorrect locations, including multiple nodes on the same location. In fact, it is found that using λ = 0 worked well in all cases.
Adaptive Rejection Metropolis Sampling Within Gibbs Sampling

Gibbs sampling is a powerful technique for statistical inference. It involves little more than sampling from full conditional distributions, which can be both complex and computationally expensive to evaluate. Gilks and Wild have shown that in practice full conditionals are often log‐concave, and they proposed a method of adaptive rejection sampling for efficiently sampling from univariate log‐concave distributions. In this paper, to deal with non‐log‐concave full conditional distributions, we generalize adaptive rejection sampling to include a Hastings‐Metropolis algorithm step. One important field of application in which statistical models may lead to non‐log‐concave full conditionals is population pharmacokinetics. Here, the relationship between drug dose and blood or plasma concentration in a group of patients typically is modelled by using nonlinear mixed effects models. Often, the data used for analysis are routinely collected hospital measurements, which tend to be noisy and irregular. Consequently, a robust (t‐distributed) error structure is appropriate to account for outlying observations and/or patients. We propose a robust nonlinear full probability model for population pharmacokinetic data. We demonstrate that our method enables Bayesian inference for this model, through an analysis of antibiotic administration in new‐born babies.
Low-energy measurement of the Be-7(p,gamma) B-8 cross-section

We have measured the cross section of the 7Be(p,gamma)8B reaction for E_cm = 185.8 keV, 134.7 keV and 111.7 keV using a radioactive 7Be target (132 mCi). Single and coincidence spectra of beta^+ and alpha particles from 8B and 8Be^* decay, respectively, were measured using a large acceptance spectrometer. The zero energy S factor inferred from these data is 18.5 +/- 2.4 eV b and a weighted mean value of 18.8 +/- 1.7 eV b (theoretical uncertainty included) is deduced when combining this value with our previous results at higher energies. Comment: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett
Global patterns of binocular image differences resolve the ambiguity between stereoscopic slant and stereoscopic occlusion

Because we view the three-dimensional world from two horizontally separated eyes, each eye has a slightly different view of the environment. Wheatstone’s invention of the stereoscope showed that small differences between the images in the two eyes produced by viewing a three-dimensional scene from different vantage points allow recovery of the depth relationships that produced the differences. For many years the emphasis has been on what seemed like the simplest and most potent aspect of this information namely the horizontal differences in image width (horizontal disparity) produced by points at different depths. Since the invention of the random dot stereogram (Julesz) an accompanying preoccupation has been to model the processes by which the visual system decides which elements in the two eyes “correspond” in the sense of originating from the same configurations in the environment. Disparity can only be evaluated for corresponding images. Much more recently another aspect of stereoscopic vision has begun to receive attention. Another consequence of viewing a three dimensional scene from two laterally separated eyes is that surfaces and objects at different distances occlude one another to different extents in the two eyes, resulting in image points that are visible to one eye but not the other. These monocular features have no corresponding match in the other eye and therefore no binocular disparity can be calculated for these points. One might be tempted to view monocular features as uninformative noise that is tolerated by the stereoscopic system and perhaps allocated to a depth plane after depth is resolved binocularly. Some computational models of stereopsis, which will be discussed in Section 5, have attempted to incorporate monocular features in their recovery of depth. In the past 18 years, a number of findings have clearly indicated that monocular details contribute to binocular depth perception (for example: Gillam, Blackburn & Nakayama; Gillam & Borsting; Gillam & Nakayama; Grove, Gillam & Ono; Liu, Stevenson & Schor; Nakayama & Shimojo; Ono, Shimono & Shibuta; see also Howard and Rogers, 2002 for a full review). In all of these studies the monocular elements are clearly distinct from the binocular regions. However there are binocular stimulus conditions that are ambiguous with respect to whether monocular regions exist or not. For example a
Can independent directors with macro vision relieve debt default – from the perspective of independent director’s ‘advisory’ function

ABSTRACT The phenomenon of corporate debt default has broken out in recent years, which highlights the importance of the macro situation to the stability of business operations. In this paper, the debt default of A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchange from 2008 to 2018 are used as a sample to conduct a research from the perspective of independent directors with macro vision. The empirical results show that the larger the number and the higher the proportion of macro-background independent directors in bond issuing companies, the less debt default will be found; moreover, the relationships are stronger when enterprises face more economic uncertainty and higher systemic risk. Meanwhile, independent director with macro vision mainly reduces the company’s default risk. The above results not only provide new evidence for the advisory role of independent directors, but also supplement the influencing factors of debt default.
Keeping synapses in shape: degradation pathways in the healthy and aging brain

Abstract Synapses maintain their molecular composition, plasticity and function through the concerted action of protein synthesis and removal. The complex and polarized neuronal architecture poses specific challenges to the logistics of protein and organelle turnover since protein synthesis and degradation mainly happen in the cell soma. In addition, post-mitotic neurons accumulate damage over a lifetime, challenging neuronal degradative pathways and making them particularly susceptible to the effects of aging. This review will summarize the current knowledge on neuronal protein turnover mechanisms with a particular focus on the presynapse, including the proteasome, autophagy and the endolysosomal route and their roles in regulating presynaptic proteostasis and function. In addition, the author will discuss how physiological brain aging, which entails a progressive decline in cognitive functions, affects synapses and the degradative machinery.
Validity and reliability of Mini-Mental State Examination in Older Adults in China: Inline Mini-Mental State Examination with cognitive functions

The main aim of the study is to validate the factor structure of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) of China’s older population using the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. The validation process used the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to determine the number of dimensions of MMSE, the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to confirm the factorial structure of MMSE, and the factorial invariance to conclude the factor structure does not differ between the young-old (aged 65 – 79) and old-old (aged 80 or older). The results of the EFAs suggested two possible factor structures: A six-factor and a seven-factor solution. The seven-factor confirmatory factor model turned out as the best fit by comparison to the four competing confirmatory models. Strict factorial invariance was attained for the two age groups, indicating a high level of measurement equality, a property of invariance was seldom achieved in the literature of factorial invariance studies. In comparison to the MMSE literature that focused solely on EFA that aims to establish a single summated score, the present study suggests using EFA, CFA, and factorial invariance that takes into consideration of measurement errors as the preferred procedure since it establishes the appropriate MMSE dimensionality that is in line with their respective cognitive functions.
a Construction of a Small Semi-Automatic Telescope for

식쌍성 극심시각의 체계적인 측광관측을 위하여 충북대학교 교내에 소형 반자동 망원경 관측시스템을 구축하였다. 이 시스템은 Paramount GT-1100s 독일식 마운트와 Celestron 14 광학계, 그리고 SBIG ST-8 CCD 카메라로 구성되었다. 한편, 관측시스템의 제어는 OBSTOOL이라는 소프트웨어에 의하여 이루어지는데, 이는 상용소프트웨어인 The Sky와 MaximDL에서 지원하는 COM(Component Object Model)을 이용하여 망원경과 CCD 카메라를 제어하도록 개발하였다. 이 시스템은 광전관측방법과 유사하게 망원경을 변광성, 비교성, 검토성 등으로 이동시키며 관측을 수행한다. 또한, 효율적인 자료처리를 위하여 작성한 Perl 스크립트로 관측 자료를 날짜별, 관측시야별, 필터별로 분류하고, IRAF소프트웨어를 이용하여 관측 영상의 전처리작업 등을 수행하도록 하였다. 또한, 이 시스템으로 관측한 식쌍성들의 식부근 광도곡선을 제시한다. 【We constructed the photometric observation system with a small semi-automatic telescope for the systematic observations of eclipse timings of eclipsing binary stars. The system is consisted of a Paramount GT-1100s mount system, a Celestron 14 optical system, and a SBIG ST-8 camera. We developed the OBSTOOL S/W which controls the telescope and the CCD camera using the COM(Component Object Model) supported by the softwares, The Sky and MaximDL. The system performs photometric observations of a variable, comparison and check stars by moving the telescope to the chosen star separately in a similar way such as the method of photoelectric observation. We wrote pert scripts which enable a data handling pipeline for the obtained data to be classified by each of date, object and filter. And thus the images are easily preprocessed using the IRAF S/W package. Eclipse light curves of some eclipsing binary stars observed with this system are presented. 】
Blow up rate for semilinear heat equation with subcritical nonlinearity

We establish an optimal blowup rate for semilinear heat equations with power nonlinearity when the power is subcritical. No assumptions on the sign of solutions are imposed. For this purpose we introduce local energies to control an integral bound for rescaled solutions. A bound for their maximal norms is obtained by a sophisticated bootstrap argument.