Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Compendium of animal rabies prevention and control, 2011.

the disease, and for purposes of this document, use of the term animal refers to mammals. The disease is an acute, progressive encephalitis caused by a lyssavirus. Rabies virus is the most important lyssavirus globally. In the United States, multiple rabies virus variants are maintained in wild mammalian reservoir populations, such as raccoons, skunks, foxes, and bats. Although the United States has been declared free from transmission of canine rabies virus variants, there is always a risk of reintroduction of these variants. 2–6 The virus is usually transmitted from animal to animal through bites. The incubation period is highly variable. In domestic animals, it is generally 3 to 12 weeks but can range from several days to months, rarely exceeding 6 months. 7 Rabies is communicable during the period of salivary shedding of rabies virus. Experimental and historic evidence document that dogs, cats, and ferrets shed virus a few days prior to clinical onset and during illness. Clinical signs of rabies are variable and include inappetence, dysphagia, cranial nerve deficits, abnormal behavior, ataxia, paralysis, altered vocalization, and seizures. Progression to death is rapid. There are currently no known effective rabies antiviral drugs.
A targeted strategic peer support intervention to increase adherence to video teletherapy exposure and response prevention treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a retrospective observational analysis

Exposure and response prevention (ERP) therapy, a form of cognitive-behavioral therapy, is a first-line, evidence-based treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) for adults and children. It is effective for the majority of those who engage in it, but treatment adherence can be challenging for some due to the stress involved in the treatment as well as different life circumstances that arise. To help improve treatment adherence, NOCD, a provider of video teletherapy ERP, identifies those at risk of non-adherence using a prediction algorithm trained on a data set of N = 13,809 and provides targeted peer support interventions by individuals (“Member Advocates”) who successfully completed ERP treatment for OCD. Member Advocates, using lived OCD experience as well as experience with ERP, engage at-risk patients through digital messaging to engage, educate, and encourage patients in the early stages of treatment. From June 2022 to August 2022, N = 815 patients deemed at risk were reached out to and n = 251 responded and engaged with the Member Advocates. In the at-risk patients who engaged, the intervention resulted in a significant mean 30.4% more therapy hours completed compared to those who did not engage. Additionally, engaged patients had greater reductions in OCD severity. These results have implications for how data science, digital interventions, and strategic peer-to-peer communication and support can be combined to enhance the effectiveness of treatment.
Climatic impact of spectrally resolved irradiances during the late Archean as modeled with EMAC-FUB

The contradiction of a reduced solar luminosity by 15-25% during the Archean and the geologic evidence for relative high surface temperatures that allowed the presence of liquid water is known as the faint young sun problem. It is supposed that the cooling induced by a fainter sun was offset by higher levels of greenhouse gases during the Archean. We present a study in which we investigate this problem using the Chemistry Climate model EMAC-FUB (ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry) with a constructed, spectrally resolved irradiance dataset valid for the Archean. As proxy for the irradiance of our young sun at 2.5 Ga we use the G0V-dwarf star beta Com, which is scaled to have a total solar irradiance of 82% the present value. The EMAC-FUB is used in a configuration with mixed layer ocean, where the sea surface temperatures and ice thicknesses are derived from the thermodynamics of an ocean layer. We analyse the climatic impact of the spectrally resolved irradiances and other parameters valid for the late Archean Earth, such as the composition of the atmosphere and the land sea mask. We can show that an increase of the CO2 concentration by a factor of 10 is sufficient to get liquid oceans in the tropics. Further analysis concentrates on the thermal and dynamical state of the atmosphere with emphasis on the middle atmosphere.
The importance of properly distributing the occlusal load for the correct biomechanics of implant-supported fixed partial dentures: stress analysis in implants, prosthetic components and infrastructures

ABSTRACT Objective: The present study analyzed the biomechanical behavior of the generated stress on the external surface of the rehabilitation elements (implants, components and infrastructures) according to different occlusion patterns on a fixed partial denture on osseointegrated implants. Method: The experimental groups varied according to the location of the occlusal load applied to the Fixed partial denture, with a total occlusal load of 750N in all groups, opting for greater loads on the occlusal table of the molar in relation to the premolar. This evaluation was performed by the finite element method with simulations by the AnsysWorkbench 16.0 Software program. Results: The results analyzed for implants and their components showed that the more posterior the occlusal loading, the greater the stress developed (group 4), always in the connection area between the prosthetic component and the implant, as this location can induce greater screw loosening. The results analyzed for the infrastructures showed that the most distributed occlusal loading possible (group 1) is the best situation for generating less stress. However, even in group 3 which obtained the highest stresses in the critical area of the prosthetic connection, the zirconia flexural strength values generated were not worrisome. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the occlusal adjustment of Fixed partial dentures are preponderant and decisive factors for correct biomechanics and preservation of the system in the long term in order to avoid possible damage and/or failures, and exert significant and notorious differences in the behavior of all structures studied herein.
Slope failure of chalk channel margins: implications of an Upper Cretaceous mass transport complex, southern England

The importance of mass transport and bottom currents is now widely recognized in the Upper Cretaceous Chalk Group of Northern Europe. The detailed dynamics and interaction of the two phenomena are difficult to study as most evidence is based on seismic data and drill core. Here, field observations provide evidence for recurring margin collapse of a long-lived Campanian channel. Compressionally deformed and thrust chalk hardgrounds are correlated to thicker, non-cemented chalk beds that form a broad, gentle anticline. These chalks represent a slump complex with a roll-over anticline of expanded, non-cemented chalk in the head region and a culmination of condensed hardgrounds in the toe region. Observations strongly suggest that the slumping represents collapse of a channel margin. Farther northwards, the contemporaneous succession shows evidence of small-scale penecontemporaneous normal faulting towards the south, here interpreted as gravitational settling of the chalk immediately adjacent to the channel margin. Detailed biostratigraphic studies and sedimentological observations provide evidence for at least two discrete collapse events and suggest the slumping to be the result of channel margin oversteepening rather than evidence for a regional tectonic phase. The described example thus serves as an analogue for processes commonly only inferred from subsurface data.
Spatial Distributions of Heavy Metals in the Water and Sediments of Lake Çildir, Turkey

In this study, the heavy metal levels were determined for the water and surface sediments of Lake Cildir. The sediment particle size, organic carbon content, and pH were determined in the lake sediments in addition to the determination of the spatial distribution of heavy metals, as well as the metal enrichment levels for the sediment. The results of the metal analysis obtained using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) technique indicated that the metal levels in Lake Cildir and spring waters which feed the lake were identified as Class 1 water quality according to the Turkish Surface Water Quality Regulation limits. Although the Ni and Cr levels found in the sediment were higher than some Sediment Quality Guideline (SQG) limits, the Ni and Cr levels of the core samples representing past periods provided no indication of enrichment for these elements. The spatial distribution of metals in Lake Cildir was found to be affected by the depth, water inflows, outflows, and a derivation channel that has recently been built.
Discrete principal‐monotonicity inference for hydro‐system analysis under irregular nonlinearities, data uncertainties, and multivariate dependencies. Part II: Application to streamflow simulation in the Xingshan Watershed, China

Provision of reliable scientific support to socio‐economic development and eco‐environmental conservation is challenged by complexities of irregular nonlinearities, data uncertainties, and multivariate dependencies of hydrological systems in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) region, China. Among them, the irregular nonlinearities mainly represent unreliability of regular functions for robust simulation of highly complicated relationships between variables. Based on the proposed discrete principal‐monotonicity inference (DPMI) approach, streamflow generation in the Xingshan Watershed, a representative watershed in this region, is examined. Based on system characterization, predictor identification, and streamflow distribution transformation, DPMI parameters are calibrated through a two‐stage strategy. Results indicate that the modelling efficiency of DPMI is satisfactory for streamflow simulation under these complexities. The distribution transformation method and the two‐stage calibration strategy can deal with non‐normality of streamflow and temporally unstable accuracy of hydrological models, respectively. The DPMI process and results reveal that both streamflow uncertainty and its rising tendency increase with flow levels. The dominant driving forces of streamflow generation are daily lowest temperature and daily cumulative precipitation in consideration of performances in global and local scales. The temporal heterogeneity of local significances to streamflow is insignificant for meteorological conditions. There is significant nonlinearity between meteorological conditions and streamflow and dependencies among meteorological conditions. The generation mechanism of low flows is more complicated than medium flows and high flows. The DPMI approach can facilitate improving robustness of hydro‐system analysis studies in the Xingshan Watershed or the TGR region. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Research on Operation Management System Based on Work Order

In order to implement the requirements for digital transformation and upgrading of customer service, China Telecom Group promoted the network-wide centralization of the 10,000 number system to improve the intensive operation efficiency of the 10,000 number system in 31 provinces . Based on the current pain points of China Telecom customer service work order operation system, this paper proposes a digital intensive work order operation management system to better assist in providing decision-making analysis support. Using artificial intelligence technology to empower 10,000 numbers in each province, the group company will adopt a model of intensive construction and provincial docking, and build a unified digital work order operation management cloud platform, seamlessly docking with the 10,000 number platforms of each province, and further clarify and unify the types of work orders across the network, management principles and processing norms, and comprehensively improve the intelligent service level of 10000 numbers.
Accurate Normal Measurement of Non-Lambertian Complex Surface Based on Photometric Stereo

Photometric stereo network is a popular method for recovering the 3-D surface of objects. Existing methods, both pixel- or spatial-based, often show poor performance in predicting surface normal in regions with sharp changes in concavity and convexity. In this article, a pixel- and spatial-wised multifeature fusion photometric stereo network (PSMF-PSN), which effectively combines interimage and intraimage information, is proposed to improve the deficiencies mentioned above. First, normalized images and mask images are used to eliminate the adverse effects caused by discontinuities of surface material and invalid background regions, respectively, so as to improve the estimation accuracy of the surface normal. To extract features of pixels and their domains, a pixel-wised 3-D feature extraction module and a spatial-wised feature extraction module are proposed and connected in a tandem manner. Furthermore, to capture more details, skip connections and max pooling are used to fuse local–global and deep–shallow features. Experiments on DiLiGenT and DiLiGenT $10^{2}$ benchmark datasets indicate that our proposed method achieves higher performance than the other photometric stereo methods. The qualitative tests on the Light Stage Data Gallery validate the effectiveness and generalizability of our method.
Lynx and Other Carnivore Surveys in Wisconsin in Winter 2003-2004

The Wisconsin DNR listed the Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) as a state endangered species in 1973, but removed lynx from the list in 1997, due to lack of evidence of any potential for a breeding population within the state. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service listed the lynx as a threatened species within the contiguous Unites States on 24 April 2000. States that were thought to have lynx included Wisconsin, Michigan, Minnesota and 10 other states. There has not been any evidence of a breeding population of lynx in Wisconsin in the 1900's (Thiel 1987, Wydeven 1998). Lynx are occasionally observed in the state, and up to 1% of bobcat hunters and trappers reported lynx sign in Wisconsin (Wydeven 1998). Therefore there is a need to determine more precisely if lynx are occurring in Wisconsin, and if so, determine distribution and breeding status of lynx in the state.
Interpretable-by-Design Text Classification with Iteratively Generated Concept Bottleneck

Deep neural networks excel in text classification tasks, yet their application in high-stakes domains is hindered by their lack of interpretability. To address this, we propose Text Bottleneck Models (TBMs), an intrinsically interpretable text classification framework that offers both global and local explanations. Rather than directly predicting the output label, TBMs predict categorical values for a sparse set of salient concepts and use a linear layer over those concept values to produce the final prediction. These concepts can be automatically discovered and measured by a Large Language Model (LLM), without the need for human curation. On 12 diverse datasets, using GPT-4 for both concept generation and measurement, we show that TBMs can rival the performance of established black-box baselines such as GPT-4 fewshot and finetuned DeBERTa, while falling short against finetuned GPT-3.5. Overall, our findings suggest that TBMs are a promising new framework that enhances interpretability, with minimal performance tradeoffs, particularly for general-domain text.
Assessing Probabilistic Methods for Liquefaction Potential Evaluation

In this paper, probabilistic methods developed through logistic regression analyses of field (SPT and CPT) data and those through a newly developed mapping function approach are evaluated and compared. Well-documented cases by U.S. Geological Survey are used in the evaluation and comparison. The results provide a basis for risk-based decisions regarding liquefaction potential.
Compliant actuators that mimic biological muscle performance with applications in a highly biomimetic robotic arm

This paper endeavours to bridge the existing gap in muscular actuator design for ligament-skeletal-inspired robots, thereby fostering the evolution of these robotic systems. We introduce two novel compliant actuators, namely the Internal Torsion Spring Compliant Actuator (ICA) and the External Spring Compliant Actuator (ECA), and present a comparative analysis against the previously conceived Magnet Integrated Soft Actuator (MISA) through computational and experimental results. These actuators, employing a motor-tendon system, emulate biological muscle-like forms, enhancing artificial muscle technology. A robotic arm application inspired by the skeletal ligament system is presented. Experiments demonstrate satisfactory power in tasks like lifting dumbbells (peak power: 36W), playing table tennis (end-effector speed: 3.2 m/s), and door opening, without compromising biomimetic aesthetics. Compared to other linear stiffness serial elastic actuators (SEAs), ECA and ICA exhibit high power-to-volume (361 x 10^3 W/m) and power-to-mass (111.6 W/kg) ratios respectively, endorsing the biomimetic design's promise in robotic development.
Evaluation of a Commercialized In Situ Hybridization Assay for Detecting Human Papillomavirus DNA in Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Cervical Carcinoma

To evaluate a commercialized in situ hybridization (ISH) assays for detecting human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA, we compared the ability of the new ISH probe, INFORM HPV 3 (Ventana Medical Systems, Tucson, AZ) with that of PCR assays to detect HPV DNA in cervical tissue specimens with normal cervix (20 cases), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 1, 27 cases; CIN 2, 28 cases; CIN 3, 33 cases), and cervical carcinoma (29 cases). General HPV DNA was detected using consensus primer mediated PCR assays. HPV genotyping was performed using EasyChip HPV blot (King Car Yuan Shan Institute, I-Lan, Taiwan). HPV 16 integration status (E2/E6 ratio) was determined using quantitative real-time PCR. Our findings showed that the ISH and PCR had fair to good agreements in detecting HPV DNA across all CIN categories without significant differences (Kappa coefficient: 0.34-0.63, P = 0.13-1.0). However, ISH detected significantly fewer HPV positive cases in carcinoma than PCR did (Kappa coefficient: 0.2; P = 0.03). Eleven cases with ISH-/PCR+ results had HPV types that can be detected by INFORM HPV 3. Five carcinoma cases with ISH-/PCR+ results showed a significantly higher level of integrated HPV 16 (P = 0.008) than did the ISH+ cases. As a consequence, lower copy numbers of episomal HPV16 in carcinoma might be the cause for the false-negative ISH results. Although the punctate signal pattern of HPV significantly increased with the severity of disease (P trend = 0.01), no significant difference in the HPV 16 integration status was observed between the cases with a punctate signal only and the cases with mixed punctate and diffuse signals (P = 0.4). In conclusion, ISH using INFORM HPV 3 probe seems comparable to PCR for detecting HPV DNA in cervical tissue with CINs. False-negative ISH results appears to be AC CE PT ED on O cber 2, 2017 by gest ht://jcm . sm . rg/ D ow nladed fom
A Path to Simpler Models Starts With Noise

The Rashomon set is the set of models that perform approximately equally well on a given dataset, and the Rashomon ratio is the fraction of all models in a given hypothesis space that are in the Rashomon set. Rashomon ratios are often large for tabular datasets in criminal justice, healthcare, lending, education, and in other areas, which has practical implications about whether simpler models can attain the same level of accuracy as more complex models. An open question is why Rashomon ratios often tend to be large. In this work, we propose and study a mechanism of the data generation process, coupled with choices usually made by the analyst during the learning process, that determines the size of the Rashomon ratio. Specifically, we demonstrate that noisier datasets lead to larger Rashomon ratios through the way that practitioners train models. Additionally, we introduce a measure called pattern diversity, which captures the average difference in predictions between distinct classification patterns in the Rashomon set, and motivate why it tends to increase with label noise. Our results explain a key aspect of why simpler models often tend to perform as well as black box models on complex, noisier datasets.
Effects of Sexual Abuse on Cognitive Function in College student

Sexual abuse is a grave societal issue, both due to its prevalence and its long-lasting consequences. In the realm of education, victims of sexual abuse often face obstacles in achieving optimal academic performance. Recently, the effects of sexual abuse on victims have garnered increased attention, particularly concerning cognitive function. In adult sexual abuse victims, deficits in short-term verbal memory have been observed, along with impaired inhibitory capacity and difficulties in verbally mediated higher cognitive abilities. Additionally, distractibility and impaired sustained attention have been identified in abused adults. This article seeks to explore the existing literature and research findings pertaining to the impact of sexual abuse on cognitive function, specifically among college students. College students undergo significant career development tasks, which necessitate robust cognitive function. The review incorporates empirical studies relevant to the effects of sexual abuse on cognitive function, while also considering the implications of these findings for future research. Keywords: sexual abuse, cognitive function, college student
Palaeozoic and Cenozoic lithoprobes and the loss of >120 km of Archaean lithosphere, Sino-Korean craton, China

Abstract In eastern China Palaeozoic kimberlites and Cenozoic basalts have been erupted through the same Archaean crust, thus providing deep probes of the cratonic lower lithosphere over a period of 400 Ma. While Palaeozoic diamondiferous kimberlites point to the existence of thick, refractory lower lithosphere in the east, Cenozoic basalt-borne xenoliths reveal the presence of hot, thin, less refractory lower lithosphere. Remnants of the Archaean lithosphere may have survived as harzburgites which are chemically similar to those from the Kaapvaal craton but very different from recently accreted lherzolites. In the absence of convincing evidence for supra-subduction or intraplate processes it is believed that the dramatic change of lithosphere architecture in the Phanerozoic was caused by indentor tectonics resulting from the collision of India and Eurasia. Passive reactivation and remobilization of the Archaean lower lithosphere, in particular metasome horizons, contributed to Cenozoic magmatism aligned along major lithospheric faults.
Design of Parabolic Reflector Antenna with Two Directional Cosecant-Squared Pattern Using Curve-Deformation Equations

─ A Ka-band doubly curved reflector antenna for a warning radar system for the road was designed based on the curve-deformation equations. This antenna requires a cosecant-squared radiation pattern in the vertical and horizontal planes. Using curve-deformation equations, the shaped reflector antenna was designed to satisfy the desired beam pattern. The curve-deformation equations include the parameters which determine the shape of the curve, and these parameters are obtained by the optimization process. The simulated result shows the designed antenna satisfies the specifications of the antenna for the road radar system. Index Terms ─ Cosecant squared pattern, parabolic antenna.