Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Description Logic Query Answering with Relational Databases

A knowledge base system O using description logics should be able to find an answer to the retrieval problem in reasonable time, returning a sound and complete result. That means finding all individuals a of a concept C where O entails that a belongs to C. We present a description logic based solution for a knowledge base where the information and its consequences, computed by a completion algorithm, are stored in a relational database. Our system issues simple database lookups to answer description logic queries. We are able to show that these queries can be answered in constant amount of time even for large data sets and complex concepts.
Familiäres

: Behavioral Skills Training ( BST ) is a set of strategies used by Behavior Analysis to teach behaviors efficiently to different audiences, including caregivers of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The BST has some variations in its application, with remote training being a growing modality in recent years. The proposal for interventions remotely is not something new, but it has become essential since the pandemic triggered by the new corona-virus SARS-CoV-2, known as COVID-19. This work investigated whether BST is effective in remote training of caregivers to acquire behaviors to appropriately teach behavioral repertoires in children with ASD. A child with ASD and his two caregivers, in this case, his mother and father, participated in this research. The study took place remotely, through a free video call application. The results indicated an increase in the teaching accuracy by the participating caregivers after BST training, through the emission of at least 90% of behaviors representing higher accuracy, and there was generalization of accurate teaching in a new environment. About social validity, the results indicated that the caregiver participants performed a positive self-assessment of their performance from the BST training remotely.
Apoptosis induction and anti-inflammatory activity of polyherbal drug AS20 on cervical cancer cell lines

Cancer occurs when normal cells convert into tumor cells as a result of the interaction between a patient’s genes and physical, chemical, or biological carcinogens. There are more than 100 types of cancer and each type requires a specific treatment regimen. The traditional treatment regimen for most types of cancer includes surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. However, treatment methods such as chemotherapy not only kill the cancer cells but also kill healthy cells that divide quickly. Chemotherapy induces widespread senescence, which contributes to local and systemic inflammation. To overcome these problems herbal drug treatments can be used as complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs). We obtained the polyherbal drug AS20 using Amaranthus spinosus leaves and inflorescences, which contain phytochemicals such as saponins, polyphenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids that are known to have anticancer and anti-oxidant activities. We hypothesized that AS20 would show anti-inflammation and induce DNA fragmentation, which is a hallmark of apoptosis in HeLa cells. Furthermore, this study explored the effects of AS20 on the expression of COX2, a marker of inflammation. We found that treatment with AS20 suppressed phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and 5-flurouracil (5-FU) induction of COX2 expression. We also observed AS20 treated cells showed DNA fragmentation in HeLa cells. This research looks into AS20's possible anti-inflammatory effect on cervical cancer cell lines and its capacity to trigger apoptosis, a programmed cell death mechanism that can restrict cancer cell proliferation. These elements are examined in order to offer light on the therapeutic potential of AS20 and aiding the development of safer and more efficient cervical cancer treatment plans.
images of DI Piscium during 2004-2006

Aims. DI Psc (HD 217352) is a Li-rich, rapidly rotating single K giant. We set out to study the spot conﬁguration and activity level by calculating surface temperature maps of the star. Methods. We apply the Doppler imaging method on high-resolution optical spectroscopy obtained during 2004–2006. Results. In July–August 2004, no clear spot structures were visible, but the spot coverage increased in July 2005, and cool spots emerged, especially at intermediate latitudes. Later on in September 2006, the spot coverage increased and cool spots were visible on both sides of the equator. However, the map of 2006 su ﬀ ers from bad phase coverage, meaning it is not possible to draw deﬁnite conclusions on the spot locations during that season. Conclusions. Compared with earlier Doppler maps of DI Psc and temperature maps obtained for other late-type stars with similar rotation rates, DI Psc seems to be in a low activity state especially during the observing season of July–August 2004. During the 2005 and 2006 observing seasons, the spot activity seen in the spectral line proﬁles and inferred from Doppler images increases, and the temperature contrast in our last map is more comparable to what was reported in an earlier study. Therefore, it can be concluded that the spot activity level of the star is variable over time. However, the present and previous Doppler images form too short a time series to draw conclusions about a possible activity cycle in DI Psc.
Simulation of High Impact Rainfall Events Over Southeastern Hilly Region of Bangladesh Using MM5 Model

Simulation of high impact rainfall events over southeastern hilly region of Bangladesh has been carried out using Fifth-Generation PSU/NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5) conducting two historical rainfall events, namely, 21 June, 2004 and 11 July, 2004. These extraordinary rainfall events were localized over the Rangamati region and recorded 304 mm and 337 mm rainfall on 21 June, 2004 and 11 July, 2004, respectively, over Rangamati within a span of 24 h. The model performance was evaluated by examining the different predicted and derived parameters. It is found that the seasonal monsoon trough has northerly position compared to normal and pass through Bangladesh extending up to northeast India for both cases. The heat low was found to be intense (996 hPa) with strong north-south pressure gradient (12–15 hPa). The analysis of the geopotential height field at 200 hPa shows that the Tibetan high is shifted towards south by 7-8° latitudes with axis along 22–25°N for both cases. The analysis of the wind field shows that the areas of high impact rainfall exhibit strong convergence of low level monsoon circulation (19–58 knots). The strong southwesterlies were found to exist up to 500 hPa level in both cases. The lower troposphere (925–500 hPa) was characterized by the strong vertical wind shear (9–18 ms−1) and high relative vorticity (20–40 × 10−5 s−1). The analysis also shows that the areas of high impact rainfall events and neighbourhoods are characterized by strong low level convergence and upper level divergence. The strong southwesterly flow causes transportation of large amount of moisture from the Bay of Bengal towards Bangladesh, especially over the areas of Rangamati and neighbourhoods. The high percentage of relative humidity extends up to the upper troposphere along a narrow vertical column. Model produced details structure of the spatial patterns of rainfall over Bangladesh reasonably well though there are some biases in the rainfall pattern. The model suggests that the highly localized high impact rainfall was the result of an interaction of the mesoscale severe convective processes with the large scale active monsoon system.
Conceptual and numerical models for groundwater flow in an arid inland river basin

The Heihe River Basin (HRB) is an inland watershed in northwest China with a total area of approximately 130,000 km2, stretching from the Qilian Mountains in the south to the oases and agricultural fields in the middle and further to the Gobi desert in the north bordering Mongolia. As part of a major ecohydrological research initiative to provide a stronger scientific underpinning for sustainable water management in arid ecosystems, a regional‐scale integrated ecological and hydrological model is being developed, incorporating the knowledge based on the results of environmental isotope tracer analysis and the multiscale observation datasets. The first step in the model development effort is to construct and calibrate a groundwater flow model for the middle and lower HRB where the oases and vegetation along the Heihe river corridor are highly dependent on groundwater. In this study, the software tool ‘Arc Hydro Groundwater’ is used to build and visualize a hydrogeological data model for the HRB that links all relevant spatiotemporal hydrogeological data in a unified geodatabase within the ArcGIS environment. From the conceptual model, a regional‐scale groundwater flow model has been developed using MODFLOW‐2005. Critical considerations in developing the flow model include the representation of mountainous terrains and fluvial valleys by individual model layers, treatment of aquifer heterogeneities across multiple scales and selection of proper observation data and boundary conditions for model calibration. This paper discusses these issues in the context of the Heihe River Basin, but the results and insights from this study will have important implications for other large, regional groundwater modelling studies, especially in arid and semiarid inland river basins. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sedimentation, fracturing and sliding on a pelagic plateau margin: the Middle Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous succession of Rocca Busambra (Western Sicily, Italy)

The Jurassic succession of Rocca Busambra consists of two lithostratigraphic units: a pile of peritidal limestones several hundreds of metres thick (Inici Formation: Hettangian to Sinemurian) and a 2 to 15 m thick sequence of Rosso Ammonitico‐type pelagic limestones (Toarcian? to lowermost Berriasian). An extensive interval of non‐deposition is evidenced by a thick Fe–Mn oxide crust on the bounding disconformity and is recorded partially in the material contained within a complex network of neptunian dykes and sills. Seven lithofacies are distinguished in the Rosso Ammonitico. These lithofacies show that the Rosso Ammonitico limestones differ from most analogues both in Sicily and elsewhere: sediments are mostly grain‐supported and non‐nodular; obviously bottom currents were important during deposition of these sediments. These currents were pulsating at different frequencies and induced winnowing, intraclast production and early cement precipitation. Other Rosso Ammonitico lithosomes of Late Jurassic to earliest Cretaceous age, usually decimetre thick and discontinuous, overlie the Inici Formation without any Fe–Mn crust; their anomalous stratigraphical and geometrical relationships show that they were deposited on an inclined, stepped, erosional surface incised in the sub‐horizontal Inici Formation. This ancient escarpment is interpreted as the result of a mainly gravitational collapse of the margin of a pelagic plateau. Such mass wasting was probably due to the backstepping of the tectonic plateau–basin margin that is not observable directly, but may be inferred from circumstantial evidence. This observation clearly shows that tectonic activity affected the Rocca Busambra sector of the West Tethys continental margins a few tens of millions of years after the end of the rifting stage. The anomalous Rosso Ammonitico sediments are the only indication of the escarpment and their occurrence in the stratigraphic record is probably more widespread than reported in the literature. More accurate palaeoenvironmental and palaeogeographic reconstructions may depend on the identification of these sediments.
A R4RS Compliant REPL in 7 KB

The Ribbit system is a compact Scheme implementation running on the Ribbit Virtual Machine (RVM) that has been ported to a dozen host languages. It supports a simple Foreign Function Interface (FFI) allowing extensions to the RVM directly from the program's source code. We have extended the system to offer conformance to the R4RS standard while staying as compact as possible. This leads to a R4RS compliant REPL that fits in an 7 KB Linux executable. This paper explains the various issues encountered and our solutions to make, arguably, the smallest R4RS conformant Scheme implementation of all time.
XRD vs Raman for InGaN/GaN structures InGaN/GaN yapılar için XRD-Raman karşılaştırması

In this study, InGaN/GaN structures are grown by using Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) technique. Some structural, optical and morphological properties of InGaN/GaN structures are investigated in detail. For structural analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), for optical, Raman and morphological, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) measurement techniques are used. In XRD analysis both samples presented hexagonal crystal structure. XRD peaks for these two samples showed small differences dependent on growth conditions. Strain and stress values are determined from XRD and they are compared with Raman results. In Raman analysis, five different chemicals are determined in both samples. Raman analysis results are in good accordance with XRD, growth conditions and AFM images. In AFM images, there can be seen hills and holes and they are partly homogeneous. There are also some white regions in AFM images. According to Raman peak center data, these white regions are detected as white rust
Information Security & Privacy in Real life - Threats & Mitigations: A Review

In this era when the whole world is worried due to terrorist attacks, even our Cyber World is not untouched by this. Even in this virtual world the property of users is not secure due to cyber attack which is a thinkable, critical issue. As it is an old saying that prevention is better than cure, so this applies in this case too. Now a day almost everybody is having a digital life and they left trails of sensitive user data behind them and attackers use these trails for getting all the credentials and sensitive information regarding that user. Information privacy and security are two main aspects for prevention from the cyber attacks and in this review paper we are going to focus on both of these issues. This review paper covers all the issues regarding threats related to the personal data of common users and how to secure that from the attacks.
Climate model comparison of Gondwanan and Laurentide glaciations

Geologic studies indicate that the Carboniferous glaciation on Gondwanaland was approximately as extensive as the ice sheets during the Pleistocene. However, there is one major difference between the climate boundary conditions for the two ice sheets: the Gondwanan ice sheet was located on a supercontinent. Three different levels of sensitivity experiments were conducted to examine the effect of the large landmass on the magnitude of summer warming over the ice sheets: (1) simulations with present solar luminosity and present orbital forcing resulted in summer temperatures over the Gondwanan Ice Sheet 12°–17°C greater than over the Pleistocene Laurentide Ice Sheet; (2) lowering the solar constant 3% or modifying the seasonal insolation cycle to a “cold summer orbit” reduced the warming but still led to significant differences between Gondwanan and Pleistocene simulations; and (3) the combined effect of lowering the solar constant and modifying the seasonal insolation cycle to a cold summer orbit resulted in temperature patterns over the Gondwanan Ice Sheet similar to the Pleistocene. Model simulations also predict tropical sea surface temperatures about 4°C less than at present as a result of reduced solar luminosity. These results suggest that conditions necessary to explain Gondwanan ice sheet stability may be known, but required boundary conditions would be more extreme than in the Pleistocene. Although a number of uncertainties remain in these calculations, they help to better define critical conditions for glaciation for one of the most prolonged periods of continuous glaciation in Earth history.
Assessment of land suitability potentials for agriculture using a remote sensing and GIS based approach

Land suitability potential evaluation is an important step to detect the environmental limit in sustainable land use planning. It deals with the assessment of land performances for the specific use that is crop production. In the present study, a land suitability evaluation in a watershed has been carried out through close examination of the indicators of land suitability. The parameters taken into consideration were soil texture, organic matter content, soil depth, slope and land use/land cover. Satellite images of the study area have been classified for land use/land cover map preparation, while toposheet and ancillary data have been used for slope maps and soil properties determination. An integrated land suitability potential (LSP) index was computed considering the contribution of various parameters of land suitability. The watershed was categorized as good, fair, moderate, average, poor and not suitable by adopting the logical criteria. These categories were arrived at by integrating the various layers with corresponding weights in a geographical information system (GIS). The study demonstrates that a watershed can be categorized into spatially distributed agriculture potential zones based on the soil properties, terrain characteristics and analysing present land use.
Polarons: Energetics and their structural and electronic effects in ATiO 3 perovskite systems

Understanding the formation of a polaron near vacancies in oxides is of vital importance for controlling defect properties and related functionalities. We examine the energetics and local structure of polarons in the vicinity of oxygen vacancies using density functional theory with the Hubbard on-site Coulombic correction. We systematically consider several ATiO 3 perovskite systems: cubic SrTiO 3 (c-STO), cubic BaTiO 3 (c-BTO), cubic PbTiO 3 (c-PTO), tetragonal BaTiO 3 (t-BTO), and tetragonal PbTiO 3 (t-PTO). The polaron formation energies vary by several orders of magnitude across the systems, where PTO systems have large polaron formation energies ( ∼ − 1 . 688eV), c-BTO is intermediate ( − 0.234 eV), and c-STO and t-BTO have considerably smaller formation energies ( < − 0 . 01eV). The formation of a polaron is found to inﬂuence the charge density, atomic displacement, and electronic structure, with higher polaron energies corresponding to larger charge density changes and greater displacements of the ions surrounding the oxygen vacancy, especially the displacement of the ﬁrst nearest neighbor A-site. Finally, a comparison of the projected band structures shows ﬁctitious in-gap states present in the delocalized picture of the system moving to the conduction and valence bands in the polaron solution of the system, indicating an incompleteness of the description of a vacancy without considering charge localization as in the polaron picture. In this paper, we provide fundamental properties of polarons near vacancies, which can be used to control and tune defect, charge transport, magnetoelectric, and multiferroic properties of perovskite oxides. DOI
A relative radiometric correction method for linear array push-broom imagery

The linear array CCD camera is the main sensor on the push-broom satellite. Because of the difference response among the CCD detectors, the striping noise is an obvious phenomenon in the remote sensing image along the scanning direction, which can seriously affect the image quality and quantitative application. The object of relative radiometric calibration is to eliminate them. As the state of satellite electronics varies from orbit to orbit, an automatic de-striping algorithm is needed that depends only on information that can be attained from the image data. There are many published techniques that are used to remove striping from images such as the histogram matching, histogram equalization, and Fourier transform filter methods. In order to decrease the effect we try to remove these stripes in CCD images using a relative radiometric correction algorithm based on the adaptive filtering pattern in this paper. Firstly, aiming at the characteristics of strip noise in push-broom scanner, the cause of strip noise formation is described. The suitable 1-D nonlinear filter is chosen to remove the obvious stripping based on the stripping distribution. Then, 1-D smoothing filtering is used to calculate the gain and offset coefficients. At last, the thin stripping is de-striped with the obtained coefficients. The final results indicate that the proposed method can effectively remove the stripping noise along the scanning direction effectively. Comparison of mean value and standard deviations obtained from the strip noise removed image by the proposed method and histogram equalization method suggested that the proposed method is evidently superior to the traditional histogram equalization method in preserving the image detail very well. The result of this study is applicable in striping removal of push-broom satellite's remote sensing data.
Data classification, visualization, and enhancement using n-dimensional probability density functions (nPDF). AVIRIS, TIMS, TM, and geophysical applications

The n-Dimensional Probability Density Functions (nPDF) approach is a user-interactive image analysis technique which overcomes many of the inherent limitations of traditional classifiers. In this paper we illustrate the applications of nPDF analysis in three broad areas: data visualization, enhancement, and classification. For data visualization, nPDF provides a method for transforming multiple bands of data in a predictable and scene-independent way. These transformations may be designed so as to enhance a particular cover type, or to give the best visuaI representation of the multi-band image data
Estimating summer sea ice extent in the Weddell Sea during the early nineteenth century

Over the past three decades, discordant trends in sea ice extent have been observed between the Arctic and Antarctic regions. Arctic sea ice extent has been characterised by a rapid decline, whereas Antarctic sea ice extent, while highly variable inter-annually, has tended to increase. Climate models have so far failed to capture these trends. Coupled with the limited pre-1970 sea ice dataset, this poses a significant challenge to quantifying the mechanisms responsible for driving such trends. However, historical records from early Antarctic expeditions contain a wealth of 10 information regarding the nature and concentration of sea ice. Such records have been under-utilised, and their analysis may enhance our understanding of recent Antarctic sea ice variability. For the purpose of this study, 9 records from 8 Antarctic expeditions have been examined. Summer sea ice positions recorded during 1820-1843 have been compared to satellite observations from 1987-2017, as well as historical data for the period 1897-1917. Through analysis of these three time series, estimations for summer sea ice extent in the Weddell Sea, during the early nineteenth century have 15 been produced. The key findings of this study indicate a nineteenth century average core summer northernmost sea ice latitude in much of the Weddell Sea that was further north than during the modern era, with nineteenth century February having significantly more sea ice by all measures. However, late summer sea ice was most extensive in the early years of the twentieth century.