Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Magnon-skyrmion scattering in chiral magnets

Understanding interactions between skyrmions and magnons is an active area of research pursued by several groups. The authors of this manuscript present a comprehensive analytical theory for the effects of skyrmions on the magnon spectrum that can lead to a topological magnon Hall effect. Conversely, magnons affect the dynamics of skyrmions via an effective reactive force resulting in a large skyrmion Hall effect.
Coverage fluctuations in theater models

We introduce the theater model, which is the simplest variant of directed random sequential adsorption in one dimension with point source and steric interactions. Particles enter sequentially an initially empty row of L sites and adsorb irreversibly at randomly chosen places. If two particles occupy adjacent sites, they prevent further particles from passing them. A jammed configuration without available empty sites is eventually reached. More generally, we investigate the class of models parametrized by b, the number of consecutive particles needed to form a blockage. We show analytically that the occupations of different sites in jammed configurations exhibit long-range correlations obeying scaling laws, for all integers , so that the total number of particles grows as a subextensive power of L, with exponent , and keeps fluctuating even for very large systems. The exactly known relative number variance measuring this lack of self-averaging is maximal for the theater model stricto sensu (b = 2). In the special case where b = 1, so that each adsorbed particle is a blockage, the model can be mapped onto the statistics of records in sequences of random variables and of cycles in random permutations. A two-sided variant of the model is also considered. In both situations the number of particles grows only logarithmically with L, and it is self-averaging.
The Impact of Increased Cost-Sharing on Utilization of Low Value Services: Evidence from the State of Oregon

In this study we examine the impact of a value-based insurance design (V-BID) program implemented between 2010 and 2013 at a large public employer in the state of Oregon. The program substantially increased cost-sharing, specifically copayments and coinsurance, for several healthcare services believed to be of low value and overused (sleep studies, endoscopies, advanced imaging, and surgeries). Using a differences-in-differences design coupled with granular, administrative health insurance claims data, we estimate the change in low value healthcare service utilization among beneficiaries before and after program implementation relative to a comparison group of beneficiaries who were not exposed to the V-BID. Our findings suggest that the V-BID significantly reduced utilization of targeted services. These findings have important implications for both public and private healthcare policies as V-BID principles are rapidly proliferating in healthcare markets.
Two Circumstellar Nebulae Discovered with the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explore and Their Massive Central Stars

We report the discovery of two mid-infrared nebulae in the northern hemisphere with the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer and the results of optical spectroscopy of their central stars, BD+60° 2668 (composed of two components, separated from each other by ≈3 arcsec) and ALS 19653, with the Calar Alto 3.5 m telescope and the Southern African Large Telescope (SALT), respectively. We classify the components of BD+60° 2668 as stars of spectral types B0.5 II and B1.5 III. ALS 19653 is indicated in the SIMBAD database as a planetary nebula, while our observations show that it is a massive B0.5 Ib star, possibly in a binary system. Using the stellar atmosphere code fastwind, we derived fundamental parameters of the three stars as well as their surface element abundances, implying that all of them are either on the main sequence or only recently left it. This provides further evidence that massive stars can produce circumstellar nebulae while they are still relatively unevolved. We also report the detection of optical counterparts to the mid-infrared nebulae and a second, more extended optical nebula around ALS 19653, and present the results of SALT spectroscopy of both nebulae associated with this star. The possible origin of the nebulae is discussed.
High-energy photoemission on Fe3O4: Small polaron physics and the Verwey transition

We have studied the electronic structure and charge ordering (Verwey) transition of magnetite (Fe3O4) by soft X-ray photoemission. Due to the enhanced probing depth and the use of different surface preparations we are able to distinguish surface and volume effects in the spectra. The pseudogap behavior of the intrinsic spectra and its temperature dependence give evidence for the existence of strongly bound small polarons consistent with both dc and optical conductivity. Together with other recent structural and theoretical results our findings support a picture in which the Verwey transition contains elements of a cooperative Jahn-Teller effect, stabilized by local Coulomb interaction.
Luminosities and Space Densities of Short Gamma-Ray Bursts

Using the Euclidean value of ⟨V/Vmax⟩ as a cosmological distance indicator, we derive the isotropic-equivalent characteristic peak luminosity of gamma-ray bursts both longer and shorter than 2 s. The short bursts have essentially the same characteristic peak luminosity of 0.6 × 1051 ergs (0.064 s)-1 as do the long bursts. This may apply also to bursts with durations less than 0.25 s. The local space density of short bursts is around 3 times lower than that of long bursts.
Human Sustainability and Work: A Meta-Synthesis and New Theoretical Framework

How can work be accomplished while sustaining the human capital that enables it? To date, research on this question has been piecemeal and indirect with different literatures and paradigms offering important but not integrated insights. In this meta-synthesis, we reviewed 368 meta-analyses and review articles published this millennium, sampled from the vast body of research relevant to employee health and well-being. We organize our review using dynamic energy budget theory (DEB), a life-sciences framework that describes how nonhuman animals achieve biological sustainability by balancing maintenance, growth, and generativity. After identifying the ways this research fits within DEB, we develop restricted employee sustainability theory (REST), which describes the ways in which human sustainability goes beyond the fundamental biological necessities outlined in DEB and encompasses the functions (maintenance, growth, generativity) that enable humans to sustain their physical, psychological, and social health. Organization of this vast literature allows us to identify synergies and dynamic balances among the life functions; understand how humans recover after a dramatic crash in health; and articulate the distinctions among subsisting, surviving, and thriving at work. We conclude this meta-synthesis and theory development by offering a roadmap to advance research on human sustainability at work as a unified area of study, guided by our new framework—restricted employee sustainability theory (REST).
The Large Sky Area Multi-object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) Quasar Survey: The Fourth and Fifth Data Releases

We present Data Releases 4 and 5 of the quasar catalog from the quasar survey by the Large Sky Area Multi-object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST), which includes quasars observed between 2015 September and 2017 June. There are a total of 19,253 quasars identified by visual inspections of the spectra. Among them, 11,458 were independently discovered by LAMOST, in which 3296 were reported by the SDSS DR12 and DR14 quasar catalog after our survey began, while the remaining 8162 are new discoveries of LAMOST. We provide the emission line measurements for Hα, Hβ, Mg ii, and/or C iv for 18,100 quasars. Since LAMOST does not have absolute flux calibration information, we obtain the monochromatic continuum luminosities by fitting the SDSS photometric data using the quasar spectra, and then estimate the black hole masses. The catalog and spectra for these quasars are available online. This is the third installment in the series of LAMOST quasar surveys that has released spectra for ∼43,000 quasars to date. There are 24,772 independently discovered quasars, 17,128 of which are newly discovered. In addition to this great supplement to the new quasar discoveries, LAMOST has also provided a large database (overlapped with SDSS) for investigating quasar spectral variability and discovering unusual quasars, including changing-look quasars, with ongoing and upcoming large surveys.
Developing patient safety standards for health-care quality promotion in neonatal intensive care units: A mixed-methods Protocol

BACKGROUND: Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is one of the accident-prone settings in the health-care system. There is a series of structural and process threats to the safety of infants hospitalized in this unit, which can be prevented by taking the right actions. For this purpose, developing standards based on current knowledge, available resources, and the context that provides care can determine patient injury prevention requirements. Likewise, it can be a source for national development and application of related guidelines and protocols. This study aims to develop patient safety standards in the NICUs of Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This mixed-methods study will apply the exploration, preparation, implementation, and sustainment framework to develop patient safety standards. In each phase of this framework, a set of activities take place. Exploration is based on the world health organization model to develop standards. Determining the validity and applicability of standards will be done in Phase 2 (Preparation) and Phase 3 (Implementation), respectively. Since the long-term effects are not desired, the fourth phase (Sustainment) will not be considered. DISCUSSION: Patient safety standards from this study will contribute to efficient and effective, equitable, and high-quality health-care delivery. The application of them will further promote patient safety and the quality of medical care in Iranian NICUs.
Do Hertzsprung‐gap stars show any chemical anomaly?

With an aim to investigate how the surface abundances of intermediate-mass stars off the main sequence (evolving toward the red-giant stage) are affected by the evolution-induced envelope mixing, we spectroscopically determined the abundances of Li, C, N, O, and Na for selected 62 late A through G subgiants, giants, and supergiants, which are often called "Hertzsprung-gap stars," by applying the synthetic spectrumfitting technique to Li I 6708, C I 5380, N I 7460, O I 6156-8, and Na I 6161 lines. A substantially large star-to-star dispersion (> 2 dex) was confirmed for the Li abundances, indicating that this vulnerable element can either suffer significant depletion before the red-giant stage or almost retain the primordial composition. Regarding C, N, O, and Na possibly altered by dredge-up of nuclear-processed products, their abundances turned out to show considerable scatter. This suggests that these abundance results are likely to suffer appreciable uncertainties, the reason for which is not clear but might be due to some kind of inadequate modeling for the atmospheric structure. Yet, paying attention to the fact that the relative abundance ratios between C, N, and O should be more reliable (because systematic errors may be canceled as lines of similar properties are used for these species), we could confirm a positive correlation between [O/C] (ranging from ~0 to ~+0.5 dex) and [N/C] (showing a larger spread from ~0 to ~+1 dex), which is reasonably consistent with the theoretical prediction. This observational detection of C deficiency as well as N enrichment in our program stars manifestly indicates that the dredge-up of H-burning product can take place before entering the red-giant stage, with its extent differing from star to star.
Endosporulación en micobacterias

La esporulación hace parte de un proceso complejo de defensa, reproducción y resistencia de algunos organismos, entre ellos las bacterias y más específicamente en algunos tipos de bacilos. Recientemente se han presentado diferentes publicaciones que evidencian la posible producción de esporas en un género bacteriano inusual como lo son las micobacterias, al que pertenecen algunas especies muy conocidas como M. tuberculosis, M. leprae y M. ulcerans. En esta revisión mostramos algunas de las investigaciones más sobresalientes en el tema y discutimos sobre los estudios que demuestran la evidencia de la endosporulación en dichas bacterias y los que no; y finalmente, planteamos una posible hipótesis que relaciona el posible fenómeno de latencia de M. tuberculosis y su asociación con las endosporas.
Trend Analysis of Las Vegas Land Cover and Temperature Using Remote Sensing

The Las Vegas urban area expanded rapidly during the last two decades. In order to understand the impacts on the environment, it is imperative that the rate and type of urban expansion is determined. Remote sensing is an efficient and effective way to study spatial change in urban areas and Spectral Mixture Analysis (SMA) is a valuable technique to retrieve subpixel landcover information from remote sensing images. In this research, urban growth trends in Las Vegas are studied over the 1990 to 2010 period using images from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and National Agricultural Imagery Program (NAIP). The SMA model of TM pixels is calibrated using high resolution NAIP classified image. The trends of land cover change are related to the land surface temperature trends derived from TM thermal infrared images. The results show that the rate of change of various land covers followed a linear trend in Las Vegas. The largest increase occurred in residential buildings followed by roads and commercial buildings. Some increase in vegetation cover in the form of tree cover and open spaces (grass) is also seen and there is a gradual decrease in barren land and bladed ground. Trend analysis of temperature shows a reduction over the new development areas with increased vegetation cover especially, in the form of golf courses and parks. This research provides a useful insight about the role of vegetation in ameliorating temperature rise in arid urban areas.
Sarcopenia and its association with falls and fractures in older adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Sarcopenia is a potentially modifiable risk factor for falls and fractures in older adults, but the strength of the association between sarcopenia, falls, and fractures is unclear. This study aims to systematically assess the literature and perform a meta‐analysis of the association between sarcopenia with falls and fractures among older adults. A literature search was performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, and CINAHL from inception to May 2018. Inclusion criteria were the following: published in English, mean/median age ≥ 65 years, sarcopenia diagnosis (based on definitions used by the original studies' authors), falls and/or fractures outcomes, and any study population. Pooled analyses were conducted of the associations of sarcopenia with falls and fractures, expressed in odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses were performed by study design, population, sex, sarcopenia definition, continent, and study quality. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistics. The search identified 2771 studies. Thirty‐six studies (52 838 individuals, 48.8% females, and mean age of the study populations ranging from 65.0 to 86.7 years) were included in the systematic review. Four studies reported on both falls and fractures. Ten out of 22 studies reported a significantly higher risk of falls in sarcopenic compared with non‐sarcopenic individuals; 11 out of 19 studies showed a significant positive association with fractures. Thirty‐three studies (45 926 individuals) were included in the meta‐analysis. Sarcopenic individuals had a significant higher risk of falls (cross‐sectional studies: OR 1.60; 95% CI 1.37–1.86, P < 0.001, I2 = 34%; prospective studies: OR 1.89; 95% CI 1.33–2.68, P < 0.001, I2 = 37%) and fractures (cross‐sectional studies: OR 1.84; 95% CI 1.30–2.62, P = 0.001, I2 = 91%; prospective studies: OR 1.71; 95% CI 1.44–2.03, P = 0.011, I2 = 0%) compared with non‐sarcopenic individuals. This was independent of study design, population, sex, sarcopenia definition, continent, and study quality. The positive association between sarcopenia with falls and fractures in older adults strengthens the need to invest in sarcopenia prevention and interventions to evaluate its effect on falls and fractures.
Late time acceleration of the 3-space in a higher dimensional steady state universe in dilaton gravity

We present cosmological solutions for (1+3+n)-dimensional steady state universe in dilaton gravity with an arbitrary dilaton coupling constant w and exponential dilaton self-interaction potentials in the string frame. We focus particularly on the class in which the 3-space expands with a time varying deceleration parameter. We discuss the number of the internal dimensions and the value of the dilaton coupling constant to determine the cases that are consistent with the observed universe and the primordial nucleosynthesis. The 3-space starts with a decelerated expansion rate and evolves into accelerated expansion phase subject to the values of w and n, but ends with a Big Rip in all cases. We discuss the cosmological evolution in further detail for the cases w = 1 and w = ½ that permit exact solutions. We also comment on how the universe would be conceived by an observer in four dimensions who is unaware of the internal dimensions and thinks that the conventional general relativity is valid at cosmological scales.
Schwinger Effect in (A)dS and Charged Black Hole

In an (Anti-) de Sitter space and a charged black hole the Schwinger effect is either enhanced by the Hawking radiation or suppressed by the negative curvature. We use the contour integral method to calculate the production of charged pairs in the global (A)dS space. The charge emission from near-extremal black hole is found from the AdS geometry near the horizon and interpreted as the Schwinger effect in a Rindler space with the surface gravity for the acceleration as well as the Schwinger effect in AdS space.
Transformation of higher education management system with regard to Covid-19 pandemic experience

The accelerated digitalization of the educational process provoked a “digital breakthrough” in higher education and drew the attention of the world community to a number of problems related to digital literacy and the conditions for using electronic educational resources in universities. The subject of this research is the modern management system of higher education. The object of the research is universities operating during the COVID-19 pandemic. The relevance is associated with the inevitable transformation of the infrastructure of universities, entailing a modification of the relationships and interdependencies of the subjects of the educational process, and is due to the uniqueness of the situation in the field of higher education in 2019-2021. The theoretical basis of the study is the work of domestic and foreign scientists, as well as specialists in the field of higher education management. The purpose of the study is to identify and assess the rationality of the relationships between the subjects of the digital educational process. The objectives of the research are to study the principles and mechanisms of university management, analyze the fundamental options for digital interaction between the teacher and the student, and formulate the prerequisites for the transformation of university management. © 2022 American Institute of Physics Inc. All rights reserved.
Wave function of the radion in a brane world

We calculate the linearized metric perturbation corresponding to a massless four-dimensional scalar field, the radion, in a five-dimensional two-brane model of Randall and Sundrum. In this way we obtain the relative strengths of the radion couplings to matter residing on each of the branes. The results are in agreement with the analysis of Garriga and Tanaka of gravitational and Brans-Dicke forces between matter on the branes. We also introduce a model with an infinite fifth dimension and ``almost'' confined graviton, and calculate the radion properties in that model.
The WISSH quasars Project: II. Giant star nurseries in hyper-luminous quasars

Studying the coupling between the energy output produced by the central quasar and the host galaxy is fundamental to fully understand galaxy evolution. Quasar feedback is indeed supposed to dramatically affect the galaxy properties by depositing large amounts of energy and momentum into the ISM. In order to gain further insights on this process, we study the SEDs of sources at the brightest end of the quasar luminosity function, for which the feedback mechanism is supposed to be at its maximum. We model the rest-frame UV-to-FIR SEDs of 16 WISE-SDSS Selected Hyper-luminous (WISSH) quasars at 1.8 10^47 erg/s) and SFR (up to 2000 Msun/yr). A new relation between quasar and star-formation luminosity is derived (LSF propto LQSO^(0.73)) by combining several Herschel-detected quasar samples from z=0 to 4. Future observations will be crucial to measure the molecular gas content in these systems, probe the impact between quasar-driven outflows and on-going star-formation, and reveal the presence of merger signatures in their host galaxies.
How Does the Concept of Guanxi-circle Contribute to Community Building in Alternative Food Networks? Six Case Studies from China

As social innovations that help to transition towards a more sustainable food system, alternative food networks (AFNs) in China have attracted much scholarly attention in recent years. However, studies of the community building behavior of AFNs at the micro-level in the Chinese social context are scant. Through in-depth case studies conducted between 2017 and 2021 and social network analysis, our study examines how founders of AFNs successfully facilitate community building among their customers. We find that in China, the traditional social-cultural construct, guanxi, plays a critical role in AFNs’ community formation and expansion. The study identifies a three-stage framework for understanding the community building process of AFNs. First, a group of guanxi of the same kind would form a guanxi-circle. Second, the initial guanxi-circle is enhanced and expanded to multiple secondary guanxi-circles. Third, these multiple guanxi-circles together and the interactions among them constitute the community of AFNs. We argue that to strengthen the community, AFNs operators should inspire key members to form secondary guanxi-circles by enhancing their cognitive trust and emotional trust.
Model-Driven Development of Service Robot Applications Dealing With Uncertain Human Behavior

In the future, robots will interact with humans in highly variable and unpredictable settings, such as healthcare and home assistance. Frameworks are, therefore, fundamental to analyze and develop interactive robotic applications that can deal by design with the uncertainty of human behavioral and physiological features. Our framework is built upon formal modeling, verification, and learning techniques providing sound mathematical guarantees of human wellbeing preservation throughout the interaction and timely mission completion despite the uncertainties at play. The framework’s workflow makes it accessible to professional figures without expertise in formal methods, and the high degree of automation minimizes the manual effort required throughout the toolchain. The development of toolchain has been tested on use cases from the healthcare setting, in which human behavior is unconstrained, and subjects are often in critical mental or physical conditions.