Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optical measurement of the picosecond fluid mechanics in simple liquids generated by vibrating nanoparticles: a review

Standard continuum assumptions commonly used to describe the fluid mechanics of simple liquids have the potential to break down when considering flows at the nanometer scale. Two common assumptions for simple molecular liquids are that (1) they exhibit a Newtonian response, where the viscosity uniquely specifies the linear relationship between the stress and strain rate, and (2) the liquid moves in tandem with the solid at any solid–liquid interface, known as the no-slip condition. However, even simple molecular liquids can exhibit a non-Newtonian, viscoelastic response at the picosecond time scales that are characteristic of the motion of many nanoscale objects; this viscoelasticity arises because these time scales can be comparable to those of molecular relaxation in the liquid. In addition, even liquids that wet solid surfaces can exhibit nanometer-scale slip at those surfaces. It has recently become possible to interrogate the viscoelastic response of simple liquids and associated nanoscale slip using optical measurements of the mechanical vibrations of metal nanoparticles. Plasmon resonances in metal nanoparticles provide strong optical signals that can be accessed by several spectroscopies, most notably ultrafast transient-absorption spectroscopy. These spectroscopies have been used to measure the frequency and damping rate of acoustic oscillations in the nanoparticles, providing quantitative information about mechanical coupling and exchange of mechanical energy between the solid particle and its surrounding liquid. This information, in turn, has been used to elucidate the rheology of viscoelastic simple liquids at the nanoscale in terms of their constitutive relations, taking into account separate viscoelastic responses for both shear and compressible flows. The nanoparticle vibrations have also been used to provide quantitative measurements of slip lengths on the single-nanometer scale. Viscoelasticity has been shown to amplify nanoscale slip, illustrating the interplay between different aspects of the unconventional fluid dynamics of simple liquids at nanometer length scales and picosecond time scales.
On a Derivation of the Dirac Hamiltonian From a Construction of Quantum Gravity

The structure of the Dirac Hamiltonian in 3+1 dimensions is shown to emerge in a semi-classical approximation from a abstract spectral triple construction. The spectral triple is constructed over an algebra of holonomy loops, corresponding to a configuration space of connections, and encodes information of the kinematics of General Relativity. The emergence of the Dirac Hamiltonian follows from the observation that the algebra of loops comes with a dependency on a choice of base-point. The elimination of this dependency entails spinor fields and, in the semi-classical approximation, the structure of the Dirac Hamiltonian.
A faster algorithm for torus embedding

Although theoretically practical algorithms for torus embedding exist, they have not yet been successfully implemented and their complexity may be prohibitive to their practicality. We describe a simple exponential algorithm for embedding graphs on the torus (a surface shaped like a doughnut) and discuss how it was inspired by the quadratic time planar embedding algorithm of Demoucron, Malgrange and Pertuiset. We show that it is faster in practice than the only fully implemented alternative (also exponential) and explain how both the algorithm itself and the knowledge gained during its development might be used to solve the well-studied problem of finding the complete set of torus obstructions.
Perceived health literacy and COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among Chinese college students: A mediation analysis

Background Although COVID-19 vaccines hold the potential to dramatically alter the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccine hesitancy remains a serious threat to the management and control of COVID-19 infections. Vaccination of young adults plays a crucial role in achieving herd immunity. However, the determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among the youth in China have not been fully explored. Our study aims to investigate the direct and indirect effects of perceived health literacy on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Methods This survey was conducted among Chinese college students during September and October, 2020. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance was defined as the likelihood that participants would get a COVID-19 vaccine. A mediation analysis was employed to explore the direct and indirect effects of perceived health literacy on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Results A total of 2,587 college students were included in our study. The results of the survey revealed that the majority (80.40%) of the participants expressed high COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. After controlling for demographic characteristics, the relationship between perceived health literacy and COVID-19 vaccine acceptance was mediated by positive attitudes toward general vaccination (std.β = 0.004, p = 0.037) and self-efficacy of COVID-19 vaccine (std.β = 0.053, p < 0.001). Conclusions The findings suggest that interventions targeting health literacy to promote COVID-19 vaccination coverage might consider placing greater emphasis on enhancing the positive attitude towards and self-efficacy of vaccines among youth.
Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University Maximizing multifaceted network influence Maximizing multifaceted network influence

—An information dissemination campaign is often multifaceted, involving several facets or pieces of information disseminating from different sources. The question then arises, how should we assign such pieces to eligible sources so as to achieve the best viral dissemination results? Past research has studied the problem of Inﬂuence Maximization (IM), which is to select a set of k promoters that maximizes the expected reach of a message over a network. However, in this classical IM problem, each promoter spreads out the same unitary piece of information. In this paper, we propose the Optimal Inﬂuential Pieces Assignment ( OIPA ) problem, which is to assign k distinct pieces of an information campaign T to k promoters, so as to achieve the highest viral adoption in a network. We express adoption by users with a logistic model, and show that approximating OIPA within any constant factor is NP-hard. Even so, we propose a branch-and-bound framework for OIPA with an (1 − 1 /e ) approximation ratio. We further optimize this framework with a pruning- intensive progressive upper-bound estimation approach, yielding a (1 − 1 /e − ε ) approximation ratio and signiﬁcantly lower time complexity, as it relies on the power-law properties of real-world social networks to run efﬁciently. Our extensive experiments on several real-world datasets show that the proposed approaches consistently outperform intuitive baselines, adopted from state-of-the-art IM algorithms. Furthermore, the progressive approach demonstrates superior efﬁciency with an up to 24-fold speedup over the plain branch-and-bound approach.
Bulk induced boundary perturbations for N = 1 superconformal ﬁeld theories

The N = 1 superconformal circle theory consisting of a free boson and a free fermion is considered. At any radius the theory has standard Dirichlet and Neumann branes, but for rational radii there are additional superconformal boundary conditions that are labelled by elements in a quotient of SU(2). We analyse how these branes behave under the radius-changing bulk perturbation. As in the bosonic case, the bulk perturbation induces in general a boundary RG ﬂow whose end-point is a superposition of Dirichlet or Neumann branes.
Geomagnetic core ﬁeld models and secular variation forecasts for 1 the 13th International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF-13) 2

Observations of the geomagnetic ﬁeld taken at Earth’s surface and at satellite altitude were combined 6 to construct continuous models of the geomagnetic ﬁeld and its secular variation from 1957 to 2020. 7 From these parent models, we derive candidate main ﬁeld models for the epochs 2015 and 2020 to the 8 13th generation of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF). The secular variation 9 candidate model for the period 2020 - 2025 is derived from a forecast of the secular variation in 2022.5, 10 which results from a multi-variate singular spectrum analysis of the secular variation from 1957 to 2020.
Perinatal variation and covariation of oxidative status and telomere length in yellow-legged gull chicks

The perinatal period is critical to survival and performance of many organisms. In birds, rapid postnatal growth and sudden exposure to aerial oxygen around hatching markedly affect the chick redox status, with potentially negative consequences on physiology mediated by oxidative stress. In addition, telomere length (TL) undergoes reduction during birds’ early life, partly depending on oxidative status. However, relatively few studies have focused speciﬁcally on the changes in oxidative status and TL that occur immediately after hatching. In this study of the yellow-legged gull Larus michahellis , we found that chicks undergo a marked increase in plasma total antioxidant capacity and a marked decrease in the concentration of pro-oxidant molecules during the ﬁrst days after hatching. In addition, TL in erythrocytes decreased by 1 standard deviation over the 4days post-hatching. Body mass and tarsus length covaried with total antioxidant capacity and concentration of pro-oxidants in a complex way, that partly depended on sex and laying order, suggesting that oxidative status can affect growth. Moreover, TL positively covaried with the concentration of pro-oxidant molecules, possibly because retention of high concentrations of pro-oxidant molecules results from mechanisms of prevention of their negative effects, including reduction in TL. Thus, this study shows that chicks undergo marked variation in oxidative status, which predicts growth and subsequent TL, prompting for more studies of the perinatal changes in the critical post-hatching stages.
Living to ﬁ ght another day : The ecological and evolutionary signi ﬁ cance of Neanderthal healthcare

Evidence of care for the ill and injured amongst Neanderthals, inferred through skeletal evidence for survival from severe illness and injury, is widely accepted. However, healthcare practices have been viewed primarily as an example of complex cultural behaviour, often discussed alongside symbolism or mortuary practices. Here we argue that care for the ill and injured is likely to have a long evolutionary history and to have been highly effective in improving health and reducing mortality risks. Healthcare provisioning can thus be understood alongside other collaborative ‘ risk pooling ’ strategies such as collaborative hunting, food sharing and collaborative parenting. For Neanderthals in particular the se- lective advantages of healthcare provisioning would have been elevated by a variety of ecological conditions which increased the risk of injury as well their particular behavioural adaptations which affected the bene ﬁ ts of promoting survival from injury and illness. We argue that healthcare provisioning was not only a more signi ﬁ cant evolutionary adaptation than has previously been acknowledged, but moreover may also have been essential to Neanderthal occupation at the limits of the North Temperate Zone.
Hierarchy of Nonhomologous Endjoining, Single-strand Annealing and Gene Conversion at Site-directed DNA Double-strand Breaks

In mammalian cells, DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are repaired by three pathways, nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ), gene conversion (GC) and single-strand annealing (SSA). These pathways are distinct with regard to repair efficiency and mutagenic potential and must be tightly controlled to preserve viability and genomic stability. Here, we employed chromosomal reporter constructs to characterize the hierarchy of NHEJ, GC and SSA at a single I-SceI-induced DSB in Chinese hamster ovary cells. We discovered that the use of GC and SSA was increased by 6- to 8-fold upon loss of Ku80 function, suggesting that NHEJ is dominant over the other two pathways. However, NHEJ efficiency was not altered if GC was impaired by Rad51 knockdown. Interestingly, when SSA was made available as an alternative mode for DSB repair, loss of Rad51 function led to an increase in SSA activity at the expense of NHEJ, implying that Rad51 may indirectly promote NHEJ by limiting SSA.
Investigating group performance in high-school-students. A new model of collective intelligence in online environments

: Humans organize in teams to overcome complex problems and succeed in a large variety 1 of tasks. This emergent property of groups to display higher intelligence than singles is called 2 collective intelligence. Previous studies on this topic underpinned that collective intelligence showed 3 in both real and online environments but focused mainly on adults participants. This work aimed to 4 understand the factors that promote group performance in adolescents facing a logical task in online 5 environments. Five hundred ﬁfty high school students took part in this study facing raven’s advanced 6 progressive matrices before alone and then in a group in computer-mediated communication or 7 face-to-face condition. Results show that the group can enhance the performance of its members 8 regardless of the condition. Moreover, this work provides a comprehensive model of collective 9 intelligence for the youth. In particular, performance in adolescents’ online groups is negatively 10 affected by the difﬁculty of the problem to solve and by the total number of communicative exchanges. 11 Contrary, the average of the perceived group members’ cohesion, the average of the teammates’ 12 intelligence, members’ neuroticism, and the group heterogeneity in social abilities increase the group 13 performance.
A Tutorial on Kam Theory

This is a tutorial on some of the main ideas in KAM theory. The goal is to present the background and to explain and compare somewhat informally some of the main methods of proof. It is an expanded version of the lectures given by the author in the Summer Research Institute on Smooth Ergodic Theory Seattle, 1999. The style is pedagogical and expository and it only aims to be an introduction to the primary literature. It does not aim to be a systematic survey nor to present full proofs.
Shopmate: An Innovative Comparison Shopping Apps

– This paper discusses an innovative mobile application system named Shopmate which offer solutions to problems faced by online shoppers regarding the difficulties in searching and comparing price of specific item from different online stores. Background of problem, commonly faced by online shoppers are thoroughly described in this paper to give an understanding on the problem surrounding the need of Shopmate application. Analysis of market study, among online shoppers is presented to justify the need of proposed Shopmate application. Competitiveness of Shopmate among other e-commerce applications is measured in this study by an industry analysis. The features of the proposed apps are refined and strengthened using ERRC grid. Results of the analysis conducted in this study shows that the proposed Shopmate application is able to accommodate and address problems faced by online shoppers regarding online comparison shopping that involve multi online stores. Copyright © 2015 Penerbit Akademia Baru - All rights reserved.
Ethyl Pyruvate and Dimethyl Fumarate Relevant Anti-Inflammatory Properties of A Comparative Analysis of Multiple Sclerosis

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF), a new drug for multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment, acts against neuroinﬂammation via mechanisms that are triggered by adduct formation with thiol redox switches. Ethyl pyruvate (EP), an off-the-shelf agent, appears to be a redox analog of DMF, but its immunomodulatory properties have not been put into the context of MS therapy. In this article, we examined and compared the effects of EP and DMF on MS-relevant activity/functions of T cells, macrophages, microglia, and astrocytes. EP efﬁciently suppressed the release of MS signature cytokines, IFN- g and IL-17, from human PBMCs. Furthermore, the production of these cytokines was notably decreased in encephalitogenic T cells after in vivo application of EP to rats. Production of two other proinﬂammatory cytokines, IL-6 and TNF, and NO was suppressed by EP in macrophages and microglia. Reactive oxygen species production in macrophages, microglia activation, and the development of Ag-presenting phenotype in microglia and macrophages were constrained by EP. The release of IL-6 was reduced in astrocytes. Finally, EP inhibited the activation of transcription factor NF- k B in microglia and astrocytes. Most of these effects were also found for DMF, implying that EP and DMF share common targets and mechanisms of action. Importantly, EP had in vivo impact on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model of MS. Treatment with EP resulted in delay and shortening of the ﬁrst 4 (0.2 in the or the presence of EP (1 or or DMF (1 DEPMPO was added H 2 O 2 at the ﬁnal concentration of 10 mM. The period between the initiation of reaction and EPR measurements was 2 min. In EPR spin-trapping experiments, spectra were recorded using the following settings: modulation amplitude, 2 G; modulation frequency, 100 kHz; microwave power, 10 mW; scanning time, 4 min. Signal intensities were established by simulation and double integration were WINEPR SimFonia and previously simulation parameters Relative inhibition of free production was as follows:
Hspa4l-Deﬁcient Mice Display Increased Incidence of Male Infertility and Hydronephrosis Development (cid:1)

The Hspa4l gene, also known as Apg1 or Osp94 , belongs to the HSP110 heat shock gene family, which includes three genes encoding highly conserved proteins. This study shows that Hspa4l is expressed ubiquitously and predominantly in the testis. The protein is highly expressed in spermatogenic cells, from late pachytene spermatocytes to postmeiotic spermatids. In the kidney, the protein is restricted to cortical segments of distal tubules. To study the physiological role of this gene in vivo, we generated mice deﬁcient in Hspa4l by gene targeting. Hspa4l-deﬁcient mice were born at expected ratios and appeared healthy. However, approximately 42% of Hspa4l (cid:1) / (cid:1) male mice suffered from fertility defects. Whereas the seminiferous tubules of Hspa4l (cid:1) / (cid:1) testes contained all stages of germ cells, the number of mature sperm in the epididymis and sperm motility were drastically reduced. The reduction of the sperm count was due to the elimination of a signiﬁcant number of developing germ cells via apoptosis. No defects in fertility were observed in female mutants. In addition, 12% of null mutant mice developed hydronephrosis. Concentrations of plasma and urine electrolytes in Hspa4l (cid:1) / (cid:1) mice were similar to wild-type values, suggesting that the renal function was not impaired. However, Hspa4l (cid:1) / (cid:1) animals were preferentially susceptible to osmotic stress. These results provide evidence that Hspa4l is required for normal spermatogenesis and suggest that Hspa4l plays a role in osmotolerance.
Molecular Characterization of Mycotoxin Producing Fungi Contaminating Groundnut Products in Sokoto State, Nigeria

: Groundnut products (kernel, cake and oil) are widely consumed among the people of Sokoto state, especially by children of school age and young adults. Groundnut products serve as supplementary protein source, and as ingredient in poultry feed formulation. A preserved isolates of mycotoxin producing fungi ( Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A. fumigatus ) were collected from mycology lab of Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto. Samples were characterized through Gotaq PCR assay and RAPD analysis. Fourteen identified mold isolates were confirmed by PCR using primer pairs ITS1/ITS4, ITS1/NIG and ITS1/FLA. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis with eight primers revealed similarity in band patterns between the isolates and the control. Confirming the identification of potential Aflatoxin producing Aspergillus flavus and Ochratoxin producing A. niger strains in the groundnut products. The results obtained in this study pointed out that Aflatoxin gene cluster variability existing in populations can be useful for understanding the toxicological risk as well as the selection of biocontrol agents.
Pga26 mediates ¢lamentation and bio¢lm formation and is required for virulence in Candidaalbicans

The Candida albicans gene PGA26 encodes a small cell wall protein and is upregulated during de novo wall synthesis in protoplasts. Disruption of PGA26 caused hypersensitivity to cell wall-perturbing compounds (Calcoﬂuor white and Congo red) and to zymolyase, which degrades the cell wall b -1,3-glucan network. However, susceptibility to caspofungin, an inhibitor of b -1,3-glucan synthesis, was decreased. In addition, pga26 D mutants show increased susceptibility to antifungals (ﬂuconazol, posaconazol or amphotericin B) that target the plasma membrane and have altered sensitivities to environmental (heat, osmotic and oxidative) stresses. Except for a threefold increase in b -1,6-glucan and a slightly widened outer mannoprotein layer, the cell wall composition and structure was largely unaltered. Therefore, Pga26 is important for proper cell wall integrity, but does not seem to be directly involved in the synthesis of cell wall components. Deletion of PGA26 further leads to hyperﬁlamentation, increased bioﬁlm formation and reduced virulence in a mouse model of disseminated candidiasis. We propose that deletion of PGA26 may cause an imbalance in the morphological switching ability of Candida , leading to attenuated dissemination and infection. in in
Genome-wide analysis and transcriptomic profiling of the biosynthesis, transport and family genes in bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocycla).

Background: Auxin is essential for plant growth and development. Although substantial progress has been made in understanding auxin pathways in model plants such as Arabidopsis and rice, little is known in moso bamboo which is famous for its fast growth resulting from the rapid cell elongation and division. Results: Here we showed that exogenous auxin has strong effects on crown and primary roots. Genes involved in auxin action, including 13 YUCCA (YUC) genes involved in auxin synthesis, 14 PIN-FORMED/PIN-like ( PIN/PILS ) and 7 AUXIN1/LIKE-AUX1 ( AUX1/LAX ) members involved in auxin transport, 10 auxin receptors ( AFB ) involved in auxin perception, 43 auxin/indole-3-aceticacid ( AUX/IAA ) genes, and 41 auxin response factors ( ARF ) involved in auxin signaling were identified through genome-wide analysis. Phylogenetic analysis of these genes from Arabidopsis, Oryza sativa and bamboo revealed that auxin biosynthesis, transport, and signaling pathways are conserved in these species. A comprehensive study of auxin-responsive genes using RNA sequencing technology was performed, and the results also supported that moso bamboo shared a conserved regulatory mechanism for the expression of auxin pathway genes; meanwhile it harbors its own specific properties. Conclusions: In summary, we generated an overview of the auxin pathway in bamboo, which provides information for uncovering the precise roles of auxin pathway in this important species in the future.