Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Erupción dentaria y actividad de caries: ¿es un factor de riesgo en adolescentes?

Objective: to describe the behavior of the lesions in occlusal surfaces of the second permanent molars, it´s distribution and severity, in adolescents, and relate ir with the state of eruption and the presence of activity in the rest of de oral cavity. Methods: A descriptive study was carried out in a convenience sample of 100 adolescents, of both sexes, (mean age = 13.39 ± 0.94 years). The parents answered a questionnaire on so cioeconomic aspects and general health and the adolescents on diet and hygiene habits. Two calibrated examiners performed the clinical examination according to ICDAS II crite ria on all erupted surfaces, as well as mapping the occlusal surface and eruption stage of the second molars. Results: the prevalence of caries was 97% and the extension (modified DMFT) was 4.64 ± 4.76. 82% of the adolescents with caries ex perience had active lesions and 62% of the ca-rioactive ones had lesions only on the occlusal surfaces of the second molars. A higher preva lence of active caries lesions was observed in stages I and II of eruption of the second permanent molars, the most affected sites being the central and mesial fossa and the central and distal fossa, respectively. Conclusions: the active eruption of molars means an age of risk for people that should be considered when prioritizing and establi-shing oral health programs.
Analysis of End-Effect Torque and Multi-Objective Optimization for Multi-Port Spatial Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

Multi-port spatial permanent magnet synchronous motor (MSPMSM) combines the advantages of disk motor and permanent magnet (PM) planetary gear drive, which solves the problem of single output port on traditional PM synchronous motor (PMSM) and realizes multi-port outputs and direct drive. Due to the special structure of disk stator, the planetary gear rotors are affected by end-effect torque in rotation process. The end-effect torque will not only cause torque ripple but also cause vibration and noise. Aiming at the problem of end-effect torque, the generation mechanism of end-effect torque is analyzed. In order to analyze air-gap magnetic field distribution accurately, the arc slotless subdomain (SD) model of planetary gear rotor and disk stator is established in polar coordinate system. The end-effect torque is derived by the Maxwell stress tensor method. Based on Box–Behnken design (BBD) method, a response surface model (RSM) is constructed to reduce end-effect torque amplitude and increase electromagnetic torque. The influences of structural parameters on end-effect torque amplitude are analyzed, and a set of optimal structural parameters are obtained. The end-effect torque and electromagnetic torque of the optimized MSPMSM are analyzed by finite-element analysis method (FEM), and the effectiveness of multi-objective optimization design method is verified. These research results have a good effect on improving the output performance of MSPMSM.
A SOI Out-of-Plane Electrostatic MEMS Actuator Based on In-Plane Motion

This work describes a novel micromechanical structure capable of producing out-of-plane motion from in-plane forces generated by electrostatic microelectromechanical system (MEMS) actuators. The MEMS actuator is fabricated in a commercial silicon-on-insulator (SOI) MEMS process and is anchored at two distinct locations through a pair of beams with a relatively low stiffness in the vertical direction. A comb-drive, whose fixed and moveable fingers are implemented in the same layer with a uniform thickness, is employed to create an attractive electrostatic force. This in-plane electrostatic force rotates the actuator along an axis defined by the anchors, which results in the vertical motion of a suspended platform. Due to the simple structure of the actuator, it can be readily manufactured with standard bulk micromachining processes. Experimental results demonstrate that the actuator can provide <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.02~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of vertical displacement at a resonant frequency of 395 Hz when it is excited in air by a 10 V AC signal, while the displacement can be considerably increased in vacuum. It is further shown that the functionality of the actuator is not dependent on the type of excitation voltage; therefore, it can produce a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3.09~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> static out-of-plane motion when excited by a 40 V DC voltage. A comprehensive comparison to the published works in the literature indicates that the proposed actuator is the only SOI electrostatic MEMS actuator with a relatively thick structural layer, i.e., <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, that can provide out-of-plane motion at low actuation voltage reported to date. [2022-0069]
The national family violence surveys

A soft head hammer made by splaying or radially spreading an end of a length of water pipe previously given a plurality of diametrically opposed endwise cuts, and thereafter molding the head of the hammer constituted of a relatively soft and lower melting point material about and into such end of the pipe so as to intimately interlock therewith to oppose separation from the pipe which constitutes the handle.
Designing and Implementing a Microstrip Antenna on LoRa Frequency for Smart Meter Communication

The long-range wide area network (LoRaWAN) has been widely used for sensor networks, including smart meter (SM). The SM can report power consumption to the control center automatically via a communication link. An antenna is a key component to indicate an effective communication system. The microstrip antenna (MSA) works based on the unidirectional radiation pattern. The advantages of MSA are its light weight, small size, and ability to be easily etched on a print circuit board. These advantages are needed for the SM communication because SMs are installed on electric poles that have limited space. In this pa- per, we implement the MSA for SM communication on LoRaWAN technology that operates at a frequency of 920–925 MHz in Thailand. The proposed MSA is used to design a new path loss model for LoRaWAN in urban areas. Results show that our MSA is effectively close to commercial antennas in a 2.2 km range, with the packet delivery ratio reaching 52.93%. We analyze the results by using a mathematical equation that includes the free space model, the Okumura–Hata model, root mean squared error, and coefficient of determination.
Efficiency improvement of a three-coil WPT system with rectified load based on a selected compensation capacitor

ABSTRACT In the existing pieces of literature about the three-coil wireless power transfer (WPT) system, a three-coil structure is proposed to increase the efficiency compared to the two-coil WPT system. The cross-coupling among three coils, compensation capacitor of the repeating coil (RPC) and the rectified load are considered incompletely. The circuit model of a three-coil WPT system with rectified load is developed by taking the cross-coupling of all coils and the compensation capacitor of RPC into consideration in this paper. The relationship among system efficiency, compensation level, and rectifier load is deduced. The detailed mathematical analysis and compensation capacitor selection of RPC are investigated to improve the system efficiency. An experimental study demonstrates that the selected compensation capacitor of RPC achieves a higher efficiency than resonant compensation in a three-coil WPT system with different cross-coupling conditions and rectifier load conditions. System efficiency is promoted from 73.9% (resonant compensation capacitor for RPC) to 84.2% (selected compensation capacitor for RPC).
Accessing Possible Selves With Limited College Knowledge: Case Studies of Latino Boys in Two Urban Continuation Schools

Justice-involved youth are less likely to hold positive attitudes toward education and education systems due to the unfair treatment that they experience. Despite the exchange of college knowledge between justice-involved Latino young men in urban continuation schools, this topic is relatively absent from college access and higher education literature. Using Oyserman and Markus’s (1990a) notion of possible selves as a theoretical framework and drawing from in-depth interviews and observations with 26 middle and high school Latino young men across two urban continuation schools, I find that educators intentionally did not share college knowledge with Latino young men. Furthermore, I reveal that these youth possess inaccurate information about the college admissions process. If schools are to help the most vulnerable student populations prepare and aspire for postsecondary education, it is important to equitably disseminate accurate college knowledge to all students.
Incidence of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Infection, by Ethnic Group, Hawaii, USA, 2005–2019

To further clarify differences in the risk for nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary infection (NTM-PI) among ethnic populations in Hawaii, USA, we conducted a retrospective cohort study among beneficiaries of Kaiser Permanente Hawaii (KPH). We abstracted demographic, socioeconomic, clinical, and microbiological data from KPH electronic health records for 2005–2019. An NTM-PI case-patient was defined as a person from whom >1 NTM pulmonary isolate was obtained. We performed Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate incidence of NTM-PI while controlling for confounders. Across ethnic groups, risk for NTM-PI was higher among persons who were underweight (body mass index [BMI] <18.5 kg/m2). Among beneficiaries who self-identified as any Asian ethnicity, risk for incident NTM-PI was increased by 30%. Low BMI may increase susceptibility to NTM-PI, and risk may be higher for persons who self-identify as Asian, independent of BMI.
Genome-Wide Identification of Eucalyptus Heat Shock Transcription Factor Family and Their Transcriptional Analysis under Salt and Temperature Stresses

Heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) activate heat shock protein gene expression by binding their promoters in response to heat stress and are considered to be pivotal transcription factors in plants. Eucalyptus is a superior source of fuel and commercial wood. During its growth, high temperature or other abiotic stresses could impact its defense capability and growth. Hsf genes have been cloned and sequenced in many plants, but rarely in Eucalyptus. In this study, we used bioinformatics methods to analyze and identify Eucalyptus Hsf genes, their chromosomal localization and structure. The phylogenetic relationship and conserved domains of their encoded proteins were further analyzed. A total of 36 Hsf genes were identified and authenticated from Eucalyptus, which were scattered across 11 chromosomes. They could be classified into three classes (A, B and C). Additionally, a large number of stress-related cis-regulatory elements were identified in the upstream promoter sequence of HSF, and cis-acting element analysis indicated that the expression of EgHsf may be regulated by plant growth and development, metabolism, hormones and stress responses. The expression profiles of five representative Hsf genes, EgHsf4, EgHsf9, EgHsf13, EgHsf24 and EgHsf32, under salt and temperature stresses were examined by qRT-PCR. The results show that the expression pattern of class B genes (EgHsf4, EgHsf24 and EgHsf32) was more tolerant to abiotic stresses than that of class A genes (EgHsf9 and EgHsf13). However, the expressions of all tested Hsf genes in six tissues were at different levels. Finally, we investigated the network of interplay between genes, and the results suggest that there may be synergistic effects between different Hsf genes in response to abiotic stresses. We conclude that the Hsf gene family played an important role in the growth and developmental processes of Eucalyptus and could be vital for maintaining cell homeostasis against external stresses. This study provides basic information on the members of the Hsf gene family in Eucalyptus and lays the foundation for the functional identification of related genes and the further investigation of their biological functions in plant stress regulation.
Different Neural Activities for Actions and Language within the Shared Brain Regions: Evidence from Action and Verb Generation

The Inferior Frontal Gyrus, Premotor Cortex and Inferior Parietal Lobe were suggested to be involved in action and language processing. However, the patterns of neural activities in the shared neural regions are still unclear. This study designed an fMRI experiment to analyze the neural activity associations between action and verb generation for object nouns. Using noun reading as a control task, we compared the differences and similarities of brain regions activated by action and verb generation. The results showed that the action generation task activated more in the dorsal Premotor Cortex (PMC), parts of the midline of PMC and the left Inferior Parietal Lobe (IPL) than the verb generation task. Subregions in the bilateral Supplementary Motor Area (SMA) and the left Inferior Frontal Gyrus (IFG) were found to be shared by action and verb generation. Then, mean activation level analysis and multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA) were performed in the overlapping activation regions of two generation tasks in the shared regions. The bilateral SMA and the left IFG were found to have overlapping activations with action and verb generation. All the shared regions were found to have different activation patterns, and the mean activation levels of the shared regions in the bilateral of SMA were significantly higher in the action generation. Based on the function of these brain regions, it can be inferred that the shared regions in the bilateral SMA and the left IFG process action and language generation in a task-specific and intention-specific manner, respectively.
Investigação das Propriedades Psicométricas da Escala de Autocompaixão em Jovens Atletas

This research aimed to estimate evidence of validity of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) in a sample of young Brazilian athletes. The study included 308 athletes, aged between 14 and 24 years (M=18.5±2.35, 59.4% female). Confirmatory factor analysis and internal consistency indicators demonstrated the adequacy of the six-factor model (TLI=.94, CFI=.94, RMSEA=.04). Invariance analysis suggested the equivalence of SCS as a function of sex, at the configurable, metric and scalar levels. Significant correlations were found between the ability to work as a team and the positive poles of self-compassion, as well as trust with all the SCS factors, providing evidence of validity based on the relationship with external variables. The results demonstrate the SCS potential to compose the evaluative instruments of sports science professionals who aim to promote healthy relationships with sports activities.
Sensitivity of seasonal air temperature and precipitation, and onset of snowmelt, to Arctic Dipole modes across the Taiga Plains, Northwest Territories, Canada

Northern high latitudes are experiencing some of the greatest increases in air temperatures on Earth. Air temperatures (along with other modulating variables including precipitation and the onset of snowmelt) are influenced by atmospheric–oceanic circulation patterns, some of which are persistent and recurrent. One pattern in particular, the Arctic Dipole (AD) anomaly, is a persistent sea‐level pressure teleconnection pattern between the Canadian Archipelago and Barents Sea that has unknown impacts on local climate variability. These patterns may be important, especially in hydro‐ecologically sensitive areas such as Northwest Territories (NWT), Canada where permafrost thaw and ecosystem changes are influenced by interannual climate variability. The goal of this research is to determine the impacts of the AD on local climate (air temperature, precipitation, snowmelt) for a 66‐year period (1950–2015) spanning both latitudinal and longitudinal gradients across NWT from north to south and foothills to plains. Deviations during strong positive and negative modes of the AD index were calculated in reference to the complete 66‐year record. Results showed considerable year‐to‐year variability in the AD pattern, with more frequent strong negative modes during the 2000s. During 1950–2015, there were 64 and 56 occurrences of strong positive and strong negative AD modes, respectively, across all seasons. Spring and summer strong AD modes led to local air temperature anomalies of greater than 0.8°C compared with the long‐term (66 years) mean. Earlier onset of snowmelt, by an average of 3–5 days, was also noted during positive AD modes. Despite strong connectivity between the AD and local air temperature, we found less correspondence between the AD and seasonal precipitation. These findings improve understanding of the impacts of the AD on local weather and climate in NWT and suggest implications for ecosystem change, such as drying and shrubification of northern boreal peatlands and possible connectivity to teleconnection impacts on wildland fire.
Reverse Diagnostic Workflow to Shortlist Mers-Cov Spike Antigenic Epitopes in Dromedary Camels

In this study, we provide a comprehensive reverse diagnostic workflow, in which, the in-silico amino acid composition was employed retrogradely to shortlist the viral spike antigenic epitopes to infer diagnostics efficiency. This study was aimed to explore the analytical estimates of changes in epitope composition among MERS-CoV lineages. This can be used as a predictor of the effectiveness of rapid diagnostic testing. Therefore, MERS-CoV lineage-specific spike protein sequences were extracted, aligned and compared. In addition, the degree of sequence similarity, as well as pairwise comparison, phylogenetic relations and antigenic epitopes analysis, have been conducted. The current findings indicated that no differences were observed in length and range of epitopes for each virus among all studied lineages. Most of epitopes sequences were conserved. However, few sequences showed few single amino acid mutations. About 20% of epitopes were located at the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and 80% of these were located in the other Spike`s domains. These mutations were related to lineage 2 and 3 and not for lineage 1, 4 and 5. The number of difference among viruses accession no (ALA49781, ALA49594, ALA49440, ALA50001, ALA49935, ALA49847, ALA49825, ALA49561, ALA49374, ALA49803, ALA49660, ALA49352, ALA49671, ALA49341, AHX00711, AHY22565, AJG44124, AJG44091, ALA49429, ALA49418, ALA49902, AHY22525, AHX71946, AHE78108.1, AHI48672.1, AHI48550) was maximum of 8. No gaps were observed in the epitopes alignment. The identity of spike protein among the lineages ranged from 99.5 -100%. The study concluded that any of studied epitopes are suitable for production of rapid tests of MERS CoV in dromedary camels, particularly that produced from lineages 1, 4 and 5.
Identifying discrepant regions in urban mapping from historical and projected global urban extents

ABSTRACT Although several products of the global urban extent with fine resolutions (e.g. 30 m-38 m) have been developed, quantitative evaluations of these products across spaces and times are still missing, which is crucial to future urban growth modeling. Here, we analysed the discrepancy of six global fine resolution urban extent products across spaces and times. First, we measured the area variations of urban extent among these urban products in each 0.25° grid used in the Land-Use Harmonisation (LUH2), a commonly used product with future projections in Earth system modelling. Then, we analysed the potential urban growth within each 0.25° grid using the LUH2 data under eight scenarios shaped by shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) and representative concentration pathways (RCPs). Finally, we identified those regions with a large discrepancy and noticeable growth of urban extent under historic and SSP-RCPs scenarios. We found the discrepancy among six products occurs in either highly developed (e.g. the United States-US and Europe) or rapidly developing (e.g. China) regions. Moreover, Eastern US, Europe, and West Africa deserve more attention in the future due to their distinct urban growth and relatively large discrepancy of urban areas. The derived results are crucial to future global urban sprawl modeling .
Colour-concept association formation for novel concepts

ABSTRACT Colour-concept associations influence fundamental processes in cognition and perception, including object recognition and visual reasoning. To understand these effects, it is necessary to understand how colour-concept associations are formed. It is assumed that colour-concept associations are learned through experiences, but questions remain concerning how association formation is influenced by properties of the input and cognitive factors. We addressed these questions by first exposing participants to colour-concept co-occurrences for novel concepts (“Filk” and “Slub” alien species) using a category learning task. We then assessed colour-concept associations using an association rating task. During alien category learning, colour was a noisy cue and shape was 100% diagnostic of category membership, so participants could ignore colour to complete the task. Nonetheless, participants learned systematic colour-concept associations for “seen” colours during alien category learning and generalized to “unseen” colours as a function of colour distance from the seen colours (Experiment 1). Association formation not only depended on colour-concept co-occurrences during alien category learning, but also on cognitive structure of colour categories (e.g., degree to which an observed red colour is typical of the colour category “red”) (Experiment 2). Thus, environmental and cognitive factors combine to influence colour-concept associations formed from experiences in the world.
Molecular Activation Mechanism and Structural Dynamics of Orange Carotenoid Protein

Like most photosynthetic organisms, cyanobacteria are vulnerable to fluctuations in light intensity, which can damage their photosynthetic machinery. To protect against this, they use a photoprotective mechanism called non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), where excess absorbed photo-energy is dissipated as heat. In cyanobacteria, light activation of Orange Carotenoid Protein (OCP) is the critical first step in the NPQ response. OCP is also the only known photosensitive protein, which uses carotenoid for its activation. We summarize the current knowledge on the light induced reactions of OCP; the different mechanisms of activation that have been proposed; photocycle kinetics and characteristics; and the reported structural intermediates. We discuss the possible interpretations of reported experimental results, and we formulate important open questions and directions for future work, to reveal the molecular and structural basis of photosensing by OCP.
Wideband Conformal Transmitarrays for E-Band Multi-Beam Applications

Wideband conformal transmitarrays at E-band are developed for multibeam applications in this article. A triple-layer element with double split rings is presented for wideband transmissions, achieving a 360° continuous phase variation range at 74 GHz with less than 2.3 dB transmission loss. A comprehensive design methodology of multibeam conformal transmitarrays is demonstrated for various platforms with different curvatures. To validate the theoretical analysis, conformal transmitarrays with two different curvatures are designed, fabricated, and measured. Multiple radiation beams are realized between ± 30° and ± 45° for the two prototypes, respectively. Good agreement is obtained between simulation and measurement. The 3 dB gain bandwidths are 30% from 66.5 to 90 GHz, and 27.8% from 68 to 90 GHz for the two designs, respectively, covering the entire E-band.