Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Potential of preoperative fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography to diagnose contralateral lymph node metastases in patients with oral cancer

Objective To establish a decision tree using preoperative PET/computed tomography (CT) parameters for detecting contralateral lymph node metastasis (CLNM) in oral cancer patients. Methods In total, 140 patients with a confirmed histopathological diagnosis of oral carcinoma showed fluorodeoxyglucose accumulation of contralateral lymph nodes in PET images. Of 260 lymph nodes, eight were metastatic. We compared metastatic and non-metastatic nodes using Fisher–Freeman-Halton exact and Fisher’s exact and Mann–Whitney U tests. The diagnostic performance was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic curves. We established a decision tree using exhaustive chi-squared automatic interaction detection algorithm. Results Five PET/CT parameters were significantly different between metastatic and non-metastatic nodes: the longest (P = 0.015) and shortest (P = 0.023) diameter, and the maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) of the contralateral node (P = 0.030), primary tumor (P < 0.001), and ipsilateral node (P < 0.001). The area under the curves of SUVmax of the primary tumor (0.887), ipsilateral node (0.886), and longest diameter (0.752) were the largest and these three parameters were used as predictive criteria in the decision tree. The accuracy of the decision tree was 97.7% with 100% sensitivity and 97.6% specificity. Conclusion Preoperative PET/CT imaging with a decision tree has the potential to diagnose CLNM in patients with oral cancer.
The Coast of Australia

Prologue 1. Evolution of the Australian coast 2. Coastal processes 3. Coastal ecosystems 4. Estuaries and deltas 5. Beaches 6. Coastal dunes and barriers 7. Rocky coasts 8. Reef coasts 9. Human interaction with the coast Further reading Index.
Study on Related Factors of the Treatment Zone After Wearing Paragon CRT and Euclid Orthokeratology Lenses

Objective: To explore the influence factors of the treatment zone diameter (TZD) and its relationship with axial length growth (ALG) after wearing Paragon CRT and Euclid orthokeratology lenses. Methods: The right eye data of myopic patients wearing Paragon CRT and Euclid orthokeratology in the ophthalmology department of The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University were retrospectively reviewed from April 2019 to October 2022. The TZD and ALG were compared between the Paragon CRT and Euclid groups. The correlation factors of TZD after wearing lens for 1 month and the relationship between the overlapping treatment zone-to-pupil area ratio and the ALG after wearing lens for 1 year were analyzed between the two groups. Results: There were 160 patients (160 eyes) in the Paragon CRT group and 155 patients (155 eyes) in the Euclid group. After wearing lens for 1 month, the TZD in the Paragon CRT group (3.72±0.37 mm) was larger than that in the Euclid group (3.26±0.37 mm) (P<0.001). The stepwise multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the eccentricity at the flattest meridians (Em) and the central corneal thickness were correlated with the TZD in both groups (P<0.05). After wearing lens for 1 year, the ALG in the Paragon CRT group (0.32±0.20 mm) was larger than that in the Euclid group (0.25±0.20 mm) (P=0.001). The stepwise multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the initial wearing age and the overlapping treatment zone area-to-pupil area ratio were correlated with the ALG in both groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: For both the Paragon CRT and Euclid orthokeratology, the wearers with thicker central corneal thickness and smaller Em usually had a smaller TZD. In both groups, the overlapping treatment zone area-to-pupil area ratio was correlated with the ALG.
Grassland bird abundance and nesting in short-duration rotationally grazed pastures in southwest Iowa

This study measured abundance, nesting density, bird density and conservation value of grassland birds on four field types in southwestern Iowa (grazed cool-season and warmseason grass paddocks, and ungrazed cool and warm-season grass Conservation Reserve Program [CRP] fields). Paddocks were managed as part of a short-duration rotational stocking management unit, where the cool-season grass paddocks were in rotation from May through June and September through October, and the warm-season grass paddocks from July to August, leaving them undisturbed during much of the grassland bird nesting season. Three species had greatest densities in warm-season grass CRP fields: Sedge Wren (Cistothorus palustris) (2.9 ±0.94 birds/ha), Common Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas) (1.5 ±0.25 birds/ha), and Dickcissel (Spiza Americana) (3.8 ±0.29 birds/ha). Dickcissel was the only species with an appreciable density in the warm-season grass paddocks (3.3 ±4.60 birds/ha). Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum) and Eastern Meadowlark (Sturnella magna) were primarily found in the grazed paddocks and showed a slight preference for the cool-season grass paddocks. Nest destruction by cattle disturbance was very frequent on cool-season grass paddocks. Conservation value was used as a metric to compare the diversity and conservation priority of the species assemblages of each grazing 13 management unit. Warm-season grass CRP fields had four to five times greater conservation values throughout the season than cool-season grass CRP fields. Grazed fields were typically better than or equivalent to the cool-season grass CRP fields. We suggest that land managers should consider intensifying animal impact within grazed paddocks and increasing rest periods to avoid cattle disturbance losses on cool-season grass paddocks. Land managers should also try to manage grasslands in such a way as to increase forbs and standing dead vegetation to increase bird diversity. Refuge grasslands, undisturbed at least during prime nesting months of May and June, are likely critical for grassland birds. Monoculture coolseason grass CRP fields provide the least conservation value to bird species and mid-contract management practices should be considered to enhance them.
#sleepingbaby on Instagram: Nonadherence of images to safe sleeping advice and implications for prevention of Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy

Objectives Safe sleep of infants is important to reduce the risk of Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy (SUDI). The depiction of infant care behavior which is inconsistent with the safe sleep recommendations on social media has an impact on parental infant care thoughts, norms and behaviors. This study aims to determine the adherence of Instagram images to the Dutch safe sleeping advice. Design A systematic social media analysis on Instagram was performed using 22 hashtags and 9 accounts of Dutch companies or platforms related to infants. Images of sleeping infants were analyzed on consistency with the criteria: supine sleeping position, own cot or crib, sleep sack, and an empty bed. Results Based on 514 collected images, 5.9% was consistent with sleep sack use, 16.8% with an empty bed, 30.7% with an own cot or crib, and 67.5% with the supine sleeping position. For 311 images (60.5%), all four criteria could be rated, as for the others, at least one criterion was not clearly depicted. Only 6 of these images (1.9%) were consistent with all four criteria. Conclusions Although Instagram images are probably not representative of regular infant care behavior, the exposure to these images that are mostly inconsistent with the safe sleep advice can contribute to the formation of norms, and therefore influence parental care behavior. Accurate communication of the safe sleep recommendations through social media is needed, and opportunities are described for preventive health professionals to engage more in this communication with their public.
Intensive Blood Pressure Reduction is Associated with Reduced Hematoma Growth in Fast Bleeding Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) at the highest risk of hematoma growth are those with the most potential to benefit from anti‐expansion treatment. Large clinical trials have not definitively shown a clear benefit of blood pressure (BP) reduction. We aim to determine whether intensive blood pressure reduction could benefit patients with fast bleeding ICH.
Civil society organizations’ roles in land-use planning and community land rights issues in Kapuas Hulu regency, West Kalimantan, Indonesia

In Indonesia, logging and oil palm concessions attributed by the government have caused high rates of deforestation and forest degradation. Community land rights have been generally ignored, on the pretext of development needs and general interest. In reaction, a growing number of civil society organizations (CSOs) have addressed these environmental and social issues at the national level. With the introduction of the decentralization process following the fall of the dictator Suharto in 1998, land-use planning became relevant at the province and regency levels. The Kapuas Hulu regency in West Kalimantan revised its land-use plan in 2010. A variety of CSOs have tried to influence land-use planning (LUP) processes and community land-rights issues in Kapuas Hulu. Few international conservation NGOs have used soft lobbying approaches with the Kapuas Hulu Government. They contribute to the policy decision-making process and to field project implementation. At the same time, at the province scale, a large Indonesian CSO coalition challenged the government and criticized the lack of civil society participation and community land-rights recognition during the LUP process. Thus, CSOs play various roles in LUP and community-rights issues using different strategic approaches at different scales.
Radiotherapy for Primary Pediatric Central Nervous System Malignancies: Current Treatment Paradigms and Future Directions

Background: Central nervous system tumors are the most common solid tumors in childhood. Treatment paradigms for pediatric central nervous system malignancies depend on elements including tumor histology, age of patient, and stage of disease. Radiotherapy is an important modality of treatment for many pediatric central nervous system malignancies. Summary: While radiation contributes to excellent overall survival rates for many patients, radiation also carries significant risks of long-term side effects including neurocognitive decline, hearing loss, growth impairment, neuroendocrine dysfunction, strokes, and secondary malignancies. In recent decades, clinical trials have demonstrated that with better imaging and staging along with more sophisticated radiation planning and treatment set-up verification, smaller treatment volumes can be utilized without decrement in survival. Furthermore, the development of intensity-modulated radiotherapy and proton-beam radiotherapy has greatly improved conformality of radiation. Key Messages: Recent changes in radiation treatment paradigms have decreased risks of short- and long-term toxicity for common histologies and in different age groups. Future studies will continue to develop novel radiation regimens to improve outcomes in aggressive central nervous system tumors, integrate molecular subtypes to tailor radiation treatment, and decrease radiation-associated toxicity for long-term survivors.
Influence of treatment intensity and medical comorbidities in older adults with peripheral T cell lymphoma

Abstract We conducted a population-based study of patients >65 years, diagnosed 2008-2017, with peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) using SEER-Medicare. Associations between PTCL subtype, treatment regimen, comorbidity, and mortality were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method and multivariable Cox regression. Amongst the 2,546 patients, the median age was 77 years (interquartile range, 71–83). 5-year overall survival (OS) ranged from 22.2% to 37.3% depending on PTCL subtype. The most common frontline regimen was cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP). 5-year OS rate was 47.0% for patients treated with etoposide + CHOP (N = 67; CHOEP), 33.7% for those treated with CHOP (N = 732), and 23.8% for patients treated with non-anthracycline-containing regimens (N = 105; p < 0.001). In patients without comorbidities, CHOEP remained independently associated with improved OS (HR 0.52, 95% CI,0.30-0.91). Median OS was 1.2 years from initiation of second-line therapy (N = 228) independent of treatment regimen. Frontline but not second-line treatment regimen is associated with OS in older patients with PTCL.
3D architecture and a bicellular mechanism of touch detection in mechanosensory corpuscle

Mechanosensory corpuscles detect transient touch and vibration in the skin of vertebrates, enabling precise sensation of the physical environment. The corpuscle contains a mechanoreceptor afferent surrounded by lamellar cells (LCs), but corpuscular ultrastructure and the role of LCs in touch detection are unknown. We report the three-dimensional architecture of the avian Meissner (Grandry) corpuscle acquired using enhanced focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy and machine learning-based segmentation. The corpuscle comprises a stack of LCs interdigitated with terminal endings from two afferents. Simultaneous electrophysiological recordings from both cell types revealed that mechanosensitive LCs use calcium influx to trigger action potentials in the afferent and thus serve as physiological touch sensors in the skin. The elaborate architecture and bicellular sensory mechanism in the corpuscles, which comprises the afferents and LCs, create the capacity for nuanced encoding of the submodalities of touch.
Blended memory : A framework for understanding distributed autobiographical remembering with photography

This paper offers a framework for understanding how different kinds of memory work together in interaction with people, photographs and other resources. Drawing on evidence from two qualitative studies of photography and memory, as well as literature from cognitive psychology, distributed cognition and media studies, I highlight complexities that have seldom been taken into account in cognitive psychology research. I then develop a “blended memory” framework in which memory and photography can be interdependent, blending together as part of a wider activity of distributed remembering that is structured by interaction and phenomenology. In contrast to studies of cued recall, which commonly feature isolated categories or single instances of recall, this framework takes account of people’s histories of photographic practices and beliefs to explain the long-term convergence of episodic, semantic and inferential memory. Finally, I discuss implications for understanding and designing future memory research.
Testing the efficiency of capture methods for questing Hyalomma lusitanicum (Acari: Ixodidae), a vector of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus

Abstract Available methods to census exophilic tick populations have limitations in estimating true population size due to their inability to capture a high proportion of the actual tick population. We currently ignore the efficacy of these methods to capture questing Hyalomma spp. ticks, vectors of the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus. To address the need of accurately estimating questing densities of Hyalomma spp. , we designed a field experiment to test the efficacy of blanket dragging, blanket flagging, CO2-baited traps, and an ad hoc designed method, absolute surface counts, in capturing adult Hyalomma lusitanicum ticks from known numbers of preset fluorescent-marked ticks. The experiment was designed in 2 stages to estimate the point (1-day sampling) and cumulative (3-day serial sampling) efficacy of the methods under varying sampling effort and habitat. Tick survival, host interference, and weather effects on efficacy were controlled for in multiple regression models. There was high variability in method efficacy for capturing ticks, which was also modulated by effort, habitat, tick density, hosts, and soil temperature. The most effective method was absolute surface counts for both point estimates (39%) and cumulative efficacy (83%). CO2-baited traps reached a maximum efficacy of 37%, while blanket dragging and blanket flagging captured a maximum of the 8% of the marked ticks. Our results reveal the strengths and weaknesses of the different tick capture methods applied to adult H. lusitanicum and lay the groundwork for more accurate inferences about the true size of exophilic tick populations.
Isabel Figueira de Abreu Gonçalves Machine learning strategies to predict oil field performance as time-series forecasting

F A Gonçalves, Isabel; Pesco, Sinesio (Advisor); Silva, Thiago M. D. (Co-Advisor). Machine learning strategies to predict oil field performance as time-series forecasting. Rio de Janeiro, 2023. 100p. Dissertação de Mestrado – Departamento de Matemática, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro. Precisely forecasting oil field performance is essential in oil reservoir planning and management. Nevertheless, forecasting oil production is a complex nonlinear problem due to all geophysical and petrophysical properties that may result in different effects with a bit of change. Thus, all decisions to be made during an exploitation project must consider different efficient algorithms to simulate data, providing robust scenarios to lead to the best deductions. To reduce the uncertainty in the simulation process, recent studies have efficiently introduced machine learning algorithms for solving reservoir engineering problems since they can extract the maximum information from the dataset. This thesis proposes using two machine learning techniques to predict the daily oil production of an offshore reservoir. Initially, the oil rate production is considered a time series and is pre-processed and restructured to fit a supervised learning problem. The Random Forest model is used to forecast a one-time step, which is an extension of decision tree learning, widely used in regression and classification problems for supervised machine learning. Regardless, the restrictions of this approach lead us to a more robust model, the LSTM RNN’s, which are proposed by several studies as a suitable deep learning technique for time series modeling. Various configurations of LSTM RNN’s were constructed to implement single-step and multi-step oil rate forecasting and down-hole pressure was incorporated to the inputs. For testing the robustness of the proposed models, we use four different datasets, three of them synthetically generated and one from a public real dataset, the Volve oil field, as a case study to conduct the experiments. The results indicate that the Random Forest model could sufficiently estimate the one-time step of the oil field production, and LSTM could handle more inputs and adequately estimate multiple-time steps of oil production.
Parieto - occipital approximately 10 Hz activity reflects anticipatory state of visual attention mec

A releasing device for an automatic fixed speed driving system including a first releasing signal detection means for supplying a releasing signal to a releasing signal input of the automatic fixed speed driving system when a stop lamp fuse is in a normal condition in response to the on action of a stop lamp switch and a second releasing signal detection means for supplying a releasing signal to the releasing signal input when the stop lamp fuse is in an abnormal condition in response to the on action of the stop lamp switch.
Sperm numbers and fertility: a kinetic approach

A simple kinetic theory is derived for the relationship between numbers of spermatozoa, their movement, and the probability of fertilization; the theory shows good agreement with experimen­ tal results. Fertility F (expressed in any convenient measure such as "% non-returns" as is usual in A.I. practice) is shown to be related to the number of normally moving spermatozoa N 0 shed or in­ seminated at t 0 at some distance from the ovum, with a mean swimming velocity ~v 0 , by : where F œ = maximal value of fertility attainable with the given population of spermatozoa and females (computed from experimental data) ; jV, and v, are the minimum number of moving sper­ matozoa with minimum mean velocity required to let the next spermatozoon make the chance of fertilization greater than zero, the mathematical minimum requirements being AT, -f 1 ^ 1, î]- > 0. The constants )s. F and k Vll are the rate constants corresponding to the two assumptions on which the theory is based: (i) The numbers of spermatozoa that can fertilize an ovum decrease ex­ ponentially with time; (ii) The rate of increase of probability of fertilization changes exponentially with time. The results are in agreement with published experimental information. There is a linear relationship between log F and ty (Nv). log (Nv) 0 . The validity of this criterion has been tested by correlating it with field data of fertilizations obtained in artificial insemination of cows. The predicted linear functional relationships were obtained with correlation coefficients of r = 0.98 during the grazing period, and r = 0.995 during the housing period (P « 0.001) over a 4-year period with 184,310 inseminations, whereas correlations between fertility and the separate variables in the same material were all insignificant.
Human error: models and management.

PERSON APPROACH The long-standing and widespread tradition of the person approach focuses on the unsafe acts—errors and procedural violations—of people on the front line: nurses, physicians, surgeons, anesthetists, pharmacists, and the like. It views these unsafe acts as arising primarily from aberrant mental processes such as forgetfulness, inattention, poor motivation, carelessness, negligence, and recklessness. The associated countermeasures are directed mainly at reducing unwanted variability in human behavior. These methods include poster campaigns that appeal to people’s fear, writing another procedure (or adding to existing ones), disciplinary measures, threat of litigation, retraining, naming, blaming, and shaming. Followers of these approaches tend to treat errors as moral issues, assuming that bad things happen to bad people—what psychologists have called the “just-world hypothesis. ”
The dynamics of cortical and hippocampal atrophy in Alzheimer ’ s disease

Mert R. Sabuncu, PhD; Rahul S. Desikan, MD, PhD; Jorge Sepulcre, MD, PhD; B.T. Thomas Yeo, PhD; Hesheng Liu, PhD; Nicholas J. Schmansky, MSc; Martin Reuter, PhD; Michael W. Weiner, MD; Randy L. Buckner, PhD; Reisa A. Sperling , MD; and Bruce Fischl, PhD; Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative* SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL The Cumulative Diffusion Model Here, we present a mathematical description of the cumulative diffusion model that we used in the present study to describe atrophy. This diffusion process was originally developed to study product adoption mechanisms in markets, cf. . Let us use
A Study on Surgical Site Infections and Associated Risk Factors in General Surgeries at a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Surgical site infections (SSI) remain a major cause of hospital-acquired infections, causing morbidity and mortality worldwide. In developing countries, 5.6% of surgical procedures will develop SSIs. These are further complicated by an increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant organisms. Associated risk factors also play a role in contribution of SSIs. However, the identification of factors that cause or predict these SSIs remains an important area of research. Objective: To investigate the risk factors for SSI together with the identification of the aetiological bacterial agents and their antimicrobial susceptibility. Methods and Patients: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 143 patients who underwent surgery in a single tertiary care centre. Only the surgeries falling under clean and clean-contaminated categories were included in the study. SSI was determined by positive bacterial culture, and resistant pattern was determined by Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method.