Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of interactions between cloud microphysics, dynamics and aerosol in the heavy rainfall event of June 2013 over Uttarakhand, India

In this study, we propose a hypothesis, supported by numerical model simulations, concerning the role of cloud microphysical processes and aerosols in the invigoration of an extreme rainfall event over Uttarakhand in June 2013. The interactions among dynamics, thermodynamics and microphysical processes and their feedbacks play a vital role in the occurrence of extreme events. To test the proposed hypothesis, Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) simulations are carried out with three different microphysical schemes (i.e. WDM6, Morrison, and CLR). The role of aerosol indirect effects in the process of invigoration of precipitation is demonstrated with a high‐resolution regional model for the extreme event over the foothills of the Himalayas. The extreme event is characterized by the strong north–south tropospheric temperature gradient and strong moisture convergence. Forced uplift beyond the freezing level initiates a precipitation process which involves cloud ice and mixed‐phase cloud microphysics and latent heat release; further, it invigorates convection and enhances precipitation. Results pinpoint that the role of microphysical processes are very crucial during such a type of extreme event. Additionally, the result accentuates the importance of aerosols on the deep convective cloud systems which have influence through invigoration and involvement of complex interactions between aerosol, large‐scale dynamics and cloud microphysics.
Chronic prostatitis: Charlottesville to Seattle.

PURPOSE Since few men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) have culturable bacteria by traditional approaches, we used sensitive molecular methods to determine presence of fastidious microorganisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated 135 men with CP/CPPS by standardized clinical evaluation, and by lower tract localization cultures and chamber counts of expressed prostatic secretions of leukocytes. We excluded from study patients with bacteriuria, bacterial prostatitis, urethritis or positive urethral cultures. Prostate biopsy was obtained using a double-needle technique to limit contamination. We chose molecular approaches because previous studies had used culture antigen detection in urine, urethral swabs and expressed prostatic secretions. However, interpretation of such studies is complicated because urogenital samples often acquire bacteria while passing through the urethra. We used specific and broad-spectrum polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. RESULTS Only 10 (8%) of the 135 subjects had positive specific PCR assays, including Mycoplasmia genitalium, Chlamydia trachomatis and Trichomonas vaginalis. Our findings suggested that C. trachomatis, T. vaginalis and M. genitalium may be identified in some patients with CP/CPPS, even among men with no evidence of urethritis and with negative urethral cultures and other assays. The broad-spectrum PCR assays provided the most provocative findings. DNA encoding tetracycline resistance was identified in 25% of subjects, and 77% of subjects had evidence of 16S rDNAs. The white blood cell concentration in the prostatic secretions correlated with identification of 16S rDNAs in prostate tissue (p <0.01). CONCLUSIONS Delineating the precise role of these organisms in the etiology of CP/CPPS may help define better diagnostic and treatment algorithms.
SIW‐fed Vivaldi antenna with beam steering capabilities

A tapered slot antenna element capable of reconfiguring its beam direction is presented. As the basic element, a Vivaldi antenna fed by a substrate integrated waveguide is chosen. The Vivaldi antenna is complemented by a parasitic planar array of small metallic patches placed in front of its aperture and by corrugated edges of the Vivaldi antenna's arms to provide reconfiguration capabilities. The proposed antenna's beam can be steered in five directions by configuring the interconnections of the parasitic patches and by activation/deactivation of the corrugated edges in the antenna arms. The antenna steers the radiation beam over ±30° in E plane and operates in the frequency band of 6.0–6.5 GHz. The measured gain at 6.25 GHz for 0°, ±15°, and ±30° beam direction of the antenna with ideal switches, is 8.4 dBi, 7.5 dBi, and 6.7 dBi, respectively. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:1022–1027, 2017
The origins and properties of intrinsic nonradiative recombination centers in wide bandgap GaN and AlGaN

The nonradiative lifetime (τNR) of the near-band-edge emission in various quality GaN samples is compared with the results of positron annihilation measurement, in order to identify the origin and to determine the capture-cross-section of the major intrinsic nonradiative recombination centers (NRCs). The room-temperature τNR of various n-type GaN samples increased with decreasing the concentration of divacancies composed of a Ga vacancy (VGa) and a N vacancy (VN), namely, VGaVN. The τNR value also increased with increasing the diffusion length of positrons, which is almost proportional to the inverse third root of the gross concentration of all point defects. The results indicate that major intrinsic NRC in n-type GaN is VGaVN. From the relationship between its concentration and τNR, its hole capture-cross-section is estimated to be about 7 × 10−14 cm2. Different from the case of 4H-SiC, the major NRCs in p-type and n-type GaN are different: the major NRCs in Mg-doped p-type GaN epilayers are assigned to .
Exact Formula for Computing the Hyper-Wiener Index on Rows of Unit Cells of the Face-Centred Cubic Lattice

Abstract Similarly to Wiener index, hyper-Wiener index of a connected graph is a widely applied topological index measuring the compactness of the structure described by the given graph. Hyper-Wiener index is the sum of the distances plus the squares of distances between all unordered pairs of vertices of a graph. These indices are used for predicting physicochemical properties of organic compounds. In this paper, the graphs of lines of unit cells of the face-centred cubic lattice are investigated. The graphs of face-centred cubic lattice contain cube points and face centres. Using mathematical induction, closed formulae are obtained to calculate the sum of distances between pairs of cube points, between face centres and between cube points and face centres. The sum of these formulae gives the hyper-Wiener index of graphs representing face-centred cubic grid with unit cells connected in a row. In connection to integer sequences, a recurrence relation is presented based on binomial coefficients.
The GAIN Method for the Completion of Multidimensional Numerical Series of Meteorological Data

—The missing data imputation is a very signiﬁcant topic which captures considerable interest, given the importance it has in many applications. This paper analyzes the use of GAIN (Generative Adversarial Imputation Networks) to address the problem of missing data in meteorological data sets. A detailed description of the numerical method is given together with a MATLAB implementation which will be available on request. Numerical tests are presented to validate the effectiveness of this method; moreover, a comparison on a real dataset is done with the commonly used ARMA method and GAIN turns out to be more accurate.
Adaptación transcultural y validación del contenido del Delaware School Climate Survey-Student (DSCS-S) en Brasil

School climate assessments aim to evaluate the social, emotional, ethical, academic and environmental aspects of school life, such as rules, goals, values, interpersonal relationships, teaching and learning practices as well as institutional structures. This paper presents the process of cross-cultural adaptation and content validity investigation of the Delaware School Climate Survey Student (DSCS-S) in Brazil. A content validity research was conducted through the content validity coefficient (CVC). The process consisted in translations and back-translation steps, pilot study with the target population, evaluations by an expert committee and rigorous revisions of the instrument. The analysis suggest the importance of a thorough method of cross-cultural adaptation to ensure its content validity, and the existence of content validity evidence (CVC > 0.8 for all instrument's scales) of the DSCS-S in Brazil. This instrument can support Brazilian schools to assess its climate in order to develop more effective school strategies, programs and policies.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) A test-retest reliability analysis of diffusion measures of white matter tracts relevant for cognitive control

Recent efforts to replicate structural brain-behavior correlations have called into question the replicability of structural brain measures used in cognitive neuroscience. Here, we report an evaluation of test-retest reliability of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures, including fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity, in several white matter tracts previously shown to be involved in cognitive control. In a data set consisting of 34 healthy participants scanned twice on a single day, we observe overall stability of DTI measures. This stability remained in a subset of participants who were also scanned a third time on the same day as well as in a 2-week follow-up session. We conclude that DTI measures in these tracts show relative stability, and that alternative explanations for the recent failures of replication must be considered.
when to start aripiprazole therapy in patients with bipolar mania

: Aripiprazole is a third generation atypical antipsychotic with compelling evidence as a highly effective treatment option in the management of acute manic and mixed episodes of bipolar I disorders. It has a unique mode of action, acting as a partial agonist at dopamine D2 and D3, and serotonin 5-HT1A; and exhibiting antagonistic action at the 5-HT2A and H1 receptors. Overall, it has a favorable safety and tolerability profile, with low potential for clinically significant weight gain and metabolic effects, especially compared to other well-established treatments. It also has a superior tolerability profile when used as maintenance treatment. Side effects like headache, insomnia, and extrapyramidal side effects (EPSEs), such as tremor and akathisia may be treatment limiting in some cases. It is efficacious in both acute mania and mixed states, and in the long-term prevention of manic relapses. Aripiprazole therefore, is a significant player in the current portfolio of anti-manic pharmacological treatments. The data sources for this article are from EMBASE, MEDLINE, and the clinical trial database searches for all the literature published between January 2003 and September 2013. The key search terms were “aripiprazole” combined with “bipolar disorder”, “mania”, “antipsychotics”, “mood stabilizer”, “randomized controlled trial”, and “pharmacology”. Abstracts and proceedings from national and international psychiatric meetings were also reviewed, along with reviews of the reference lists of relevant articles.
Numerical Test of Analytical Theories for Perpendicular Diffusion in Small Kubo Number Turbulence

In the literature, one can find various analytical theories for perpendicular diffusion of energetic particles interacting with magnetic turbulence. Besides quasi-linear theory, there are different versions of the nonlinear guiding center (NLGC) theory and the unified nonlinear transport (UNLT) theory. For turbulence with high Kubo numbers, such as two-dimensional turbulence or noisy reduced magnetohydrodynamic turbulence, the aforementioned nonlinear theories provide similar results. For slab and small Kubo number turbulence, however, this is not the case. In the current paper, we compare different linear and nonlinear theories with each other and test-particle simulations for a noisy slab model corresponding to small Kubo number turbulence. We show that UNLT theory agrees very well with all performed test-particle simulations. In the limit of long parallel mean free paths, the perpendicular mean free path approaches asymptotically the quasi-linear limit as predicted by the UNLT theory. For short parallel mean free paths we find a Rechester & Rosenbluth type of scaling as predicted by UNLT theory as well. The original NLGC theory disagrees with all performed simulations regardless what the parallel mean free path is. The random ballistic interpretation of the NLGC theory agrees much better with the simulations, but compared to UNLT theory the agreement is inferior. We conclude that for this type of small Kubo number turbulence, only the latter theory allows for an accurate description of perpendicular diffusion.
Framing, Expectations and Reference Points

Recent theories of expectation-based reference-dependent preferences offer a structured approach of the formation of reference points, yet do not incorporate important context-specific characteristics. One implicit assumption is that individuals form their reference point as expectations by correctly predicting the probabilistic environment they are facing. In an experimental setup, we demonstrate that a simple change in the framing of a decision problem alters the reference point formation by evoking a different moment of first focus. Apart from providing evidence on the limitations of current theories of expectation-based reference dependence, this paper further offers a theoretical extension that overcomes these limitations and allows reference points to be contingent on contextual effects.
L'orientation marché affecte-t-elle la performance des produits nouveaux ? Une approche meta-analytique

En raison de l’importance strategique des produits nouveaux et de l’ampleur des taux d’echec de leurs lancements, la relation entre l’orientation marche de l’entreprise et la performance des produits nouveaux a ete largement etudiee. Toutes les etudes ne concluent pas a l’existence d’un lien et le caractere generalisable des resultats obtenus pose question. La presente meta-analyse (1) confirme un effet benefique de l’orientation marche sur la performance des nouveaux produits, (2) met en evidence les contingences methodologiques de cet effet, (3) induit un ensemble de recommandations manageriales relatives a la mise en œuvre de l’orientation marche.
Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli (STEC) Ecology in Cattle and Management Based Options for Reducing Fecal Shedding

Cattle can be naturally colonized with foodborne pathogenic bacteria such as Shiga Toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) in their gastrointestinal tract. While these foodborne pathogens are a threat to food safety, they also cause human illnesses via cross contamination of other foods and the water supply, as well as via direct animal contact. In order to further curtail these human illnesses and ensure a safe and wholesome food supply, research into preharvest pathogen reduction controls and interventions has grown in recent years. This review addresses the ecology of STEC in cattle and potential controls and interventions that have been proposed or implemented to reduce STEC in cattle. We focus in this review on the use of management practices and the effects of diet and water management. Implementation of preharvest strategies will not eliminate the need for good sanitation procedures in the processing plant and during food preparation and consumer handling. Instead, live-animal management interventions must be implemented as part of a multiple-hurdle approach that complements the in-plant interventions, so that the reduction in pathogen entry to the food supply can be maximized.
Recent applications of synchrotron radiation and neutrons in the study of soft matter

ABSTRACT The broad range of applications of synchrotron and neutron scattering in the investigation of soft condensed matter is reviewed. Appropriate combinations of these techniques allow probing the structure and dynamics of these complex systems from sub-nm to micron size scales and picoseconds to seconds and longer time ranges. Applications include a myriad of systems such as polymers, colloids, surfactants, phospholipids, biological macromolecules and functional materials both in bulk and at interfaces. Most studies are performed in situ under the real thermodynamic state of the given system and large ensemble averaged information is readily obtained. The new generations of synchrotron and neutron sources open possibilities for investigating more complex soft matter systems in hitherto unexplored dynamical states.
The Ekman ﬂow and related problems: spectral theory and numerical analysis

We consider singular block operator problems of the type arising in the study of stability of the Ekman boundary layer. The essential spectrum is located, and an analysis of the L 2 solutions of a related ﬁrst order system of differential equations allows the development of a Titchmarsh–Weyl coefﬁcient M ( λ ). This, in turn, permits a rigorous analysis of the convergence of approximations to the spectrum arising from regular problems. Numerical results illustrate the theory
PUBLISHED VERSION

Background: Rotors are postulated to maintain cardiac fibrillation. Despite the importance of bipolar electrograms in clinical electrophysiology, few data exist on the properties of bipolar electrograms at rotor sites. The pivot of a spiral wave is characterized by relative uncertainty of wavefront propagation direction compared to the periphery. The bipolar electrograms used in electrophysiology recording encode information on both direction and timing of approaching wavefronts. Objective: To test the hypothesis that bipolar electrograms from the pivot of rotors have higher Shannon entropy (ShEn) than electrograms recorded at the periphery due to the spatial dynamics of spiral waves. Methods and Results: We studied spiral wave propagation in 2-dimensional sheets constructed using a simple cell automaton (FitzHugh-Nagumo), atrial (Courtemanche-Ramirez-Nattel) and ventricular (Luo-Rudy) myocyte cell models and in a geometric model spiral wave. In each system, bipolar electrogram recordings were simulated, and Shannon entropy maps constructed as a measure of electrogram information content. ShEn was consistently highest in the pivoting region associated with the phase singularity of the spiral wave. This property was consistently preserved across; (i) variation of model system (ii) alterations in bipolar electrode spacing, (iii) alternative bipolar electrode orientation (iv) bipolar electrogram filtering and (v) in the presence of rotor meander. Directional activation plots demonstrated that the origin of high ShEn at the pivot was the directional diversity of wavefront propagation observed in this location. Conclusions: The pivot of the rotor is consistently associated with high Shannon entropy of bipolar electrograms despite differences in action potential model, bipolar electrode spacing, signal filtering and rotor meander. Maximum ShEn is colocated with the pivot for rotors observed in the bipolar electrogram recording mode, and may be an intrinsic property of spiral wave dynamic behaviour. Citation: Ganesan AN, Kuklik P, Gharaviri A, Brooks A, Chapman D, et al. (2014) Origin and Characteristics of High Shannon Entropy at the Pivot of Locally Stable Rotors: Insights from Computational Simulation. PLoS ONE 9(11): e110662. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0110662 Editor: Alexander V. Panfilov, Gent University, Belgium Received February 11, 2014; Accepted September 19, 2014; Published November 17, 2014 Copyright: 2014 Ganesan et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: The authors have no support or funding to report. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * Email: anand.ganesan@adelaide.edu. au . These authors contributed equally to this work.
Existence of transport plans with domain constraints

Let $\Omega$ to be one of $\X^{N+1},C[0,1],D[0,1]$: a product of Polish spaces, space of continuous functions from $[0,1]$ to a subset of $\mathbb{R}^d$, and space of RCLL (right-continuous with left limits) functions from $[0,1]$ to $\mathbb{R}^d$ respectively. We consider the existence of a probability measure $P$ on $\Omega$ such that $P$ has the given marginals $\alpha$ and $\beta$ and satisfies some other convex transport constraints, which is given by $\Gamma$. The main application we have in mind is the martingale optimal transport problem with when the martingales are assumed to have bounded volatility/quadratic variation. We show that such probability measure exists if and only if the $\alpha$ average of so-called $G$-expectation of bounded uniformly continuous and bounded functions with respect to the measures in $\Gamma$ is less than their $\beta$ average. As a byproduct, we get a necessary and sufficient condition for the Skorokhod embedding for bounded stopping times.
NLO Predictions for New Physics at the LHC

New physics searches are one of the main aims of the CERN Large Hadron Collider. In most cases this entails the study of small expected signals versus huge backgrounds. Therefore, theoretically precise predictions for collider observables are crucial for the analysis of any possible new physics signature. A major improvement in this enterprise can be achieved through the calculation of the Next-to-leading order (NLO) QCD corrections for the process under scrutiny. Thus, in this thesis we focus on the quantitative and qualitative impact of the NLO effects on some important new physics signatures. To do so we have resorted to the new, fully automized package MadGolem, to which this thesis has made major contributions. The following important LHC search channels are examined herewith: i) scalar color-octet pair production; ii) associated squark--neutralino production; and iii) the pair production of squarks and gluinos. In all these cases we observe important QCD effects which lead to sizable quantum corrections (K~1.3-2) and strongly suppressed theoretical uncertainties, which deplete from O(100%) at leading-order down to O(30%) at NLO. Moreover, we have shown the NLO distributions to be in good agreement with those obtained via multi-jet merging. Finally, we have carried out a comprehensive study on the implications of the usual simplifying assumptions taken in the literature and in current tools, e.g. squark mass degeneracy.