Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Entrepreneurial Intention among Rural Youth in Moroccan Agricultural Cooperatives: The Future of Rural Entrepreneurship

Rural entrepreneurship in the developing world has long been hailed as a powerful tool for promoting the socioeconomic integration of young people and the key to avoiding rural depopulation as well as ensuring these areas remain attractive places for rural youth. However, there have been no efforts to investigate the role of collective entrepreneurship in the creation and management of new businesses in Morocco. Furthermore, we build on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to investigate and explain entrepreneurial intention among the rural youth members of agricultural cooperatives, and identify the vulnerabilities and factors that influence the choice or decision-making between permanent membership at the cooperative and an entrepreneurial career. In this case, we apply the cognitive approach to survey rural youth in the Drâa-Tafilalet region of Morocco in 2020. The binary logistic regression analysis technique has been used and applied to build the best model to explain why some rural youth members of the cooperative, but not others, choose to become entrepreneurs. We model how agricultural cooperatives may favor or inhibit the translation of entrepreneurial intention into new venture creation. A random sample size of 130 young people has been selected, from which 54 are intending to start a business and 76 have a negative intention of self-employment. The results of the analysis showed that socio-demographic variables, individual perceptions, previous experience, and the activities of the cooperative were statistically significant and reliable in building the binary logistic regression model. Findings also suggest that the risks of agribusiness and financing constraints have a negative influence on entrepreneurial intentions of the youth and women in agricultural cooperatives.
A Smart Vehicular Forward Collision Alert System using Neural Network

Road accidents over the years have led to an increased mortality rate in Ghana. Most accidents are caused by stress, tiredness, and loss of concentration of drivers while driving. This paper sought to design and build an automatic detection forward collision alert system for already existing vehicles in Ghana. Specifically, a deep learning model was built using a convolutional neural network for detection of stationary/moving objects (person, cars, bicycle, truck, bus and others). The object's relative speed to that of the subject vehicle is used to determine the probability of a collision. A buzzing alarm sound occurs when the possibility of collision is higher. The proposed system is an economical technique of alerting drivers of any impending danger on our roads.
Assimilating atmospheric infrasound data to constrain atmospheric winds in a two‐dimensional grid

Infrasound waves travelling through atmospheric channels are affected by the conditions they encounter along their path. The shift in the back azimuth angle of a wavefront detected at the reception site depends on the cross‐winds it encountered. Estimating the original field from this integrated measurement is an (ill‐posed) inverse problem. By using a prior, this can be converted into a Bayesian estimation problem. In this work, we use the (ensemble) Kalman filter (EnKF) to tackle this problem. In particular, we provide an illustration of the setup and solution of the problem in a two‐dimensional grid, depending on both across‐track distance and height, which has not been done in previous works. We use a synthetic setup to discuss the details of the method. We show that one of the effects of along‐track averaging (done in previous studies to simplify the problem) is to overestimate the magnitude of the analysed values, and propose that this will be a source of model error. We also illustrate the process with real data corresponding to nine controlled ammunition explosions that took place in the summer of 2018. In these cases, the real infrasound waves we study seldom reach higher than 40 km in height. However, the use of covariance‐based methods (e.g., the EnKF) allows for updates in higher regions where the wave did not travel and where traditional observations are sparse. In fact, the larger impacts from observations in these cases are in the region of 40–60 km, in agreement with previous works. This study contributes to paving the way towards the ultimate goal of assimilating information derived from infrasound waves into operational numerical weather forecasting. More studies in quality control of the observations and proper validation of the results are urgently needed.
Using Eco-Geographical Zoning Data and Crowdsourcing to Improve the Detection of Spurious Land Cover Changes

To address problems in remote sensing image change detection, this study proposes a method for identifying spurious changes based on an eco-geographical zoning knowledge base and crowdsourced data mining. After preliminary change detection using the super pixel cosegmentation method, eco-geographical zoning is introduced, and the rules of spurious change are collected based on the knowledge of expert interpreters, and from statistics on existing land cover products according to each eco-geographical zone. Uncertain changed patches with a high possibility of spurious change according to the eco-geographical zoning rule were published in the form of a map service on an online platform, and then crowd tagging information on spurious changed patches was collected. The Hyperlink-Induced Topic Search (HITS) algorithm was used to calculate the spurious change degree of changed patches. We selected the northern part of Laos as the experimental area and the Chinese GF-1 Wide Field View (WFV) images for change detection to verify the effectiveness of the method. The results show that the accuracy of change detection improves by 23% after removing the spurious changes. Spurious changes caused by clouds, river water turbidity, spectral differences in cultivated land before and after harvest, and changes in shrubs, grassland, and forest density, can be removed using an eco-geographical zoning knowledge base and crowdsourced data mining methods.
Review and Performance Evaluation of Photovoltaic Array Fault Detection and Diagnosis Techniques

The environmentally clean nature of solar photovoltaic (PV) technology causes PV power generation to be embraced by all countries across the globe. Consequently, installation and utilization of PV power systems have seen much growth in recent years. Although PV arrays of such systems are robust, they are not immune to faults. To guarantee reliable power supply, economic returns, and safety of both humans and equipment, highly accurate fault detection, diagnosis, and interruption devices are required. In this paper, an overview of four major PV array faults and their causes are presented. Specifically, ground fault, line-line fault, arc fault, and hot spot fault have been covered. Next, conventional and advanced fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) techniques for managing these faults are reviewed. Moreover, a single evaluation metric has been proposed and utilized to evaluate the performances of the advanced FDD techniques. Finally, based on the papers reviewed, PV array fault management future trends and possible recommendations have been outlined.
Topical composition for follicular delivery of an ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor

Polyethylene glycol ethers of alkyl alcohols having the general formula CH 3 (CH 2 ) x CH 2 (OCH 2 CH 2 ) n OH wherein x is 8 to 20 (of which ceteareth-20, steareth-20 and steareth-100 are preferred), poloxamer 185, poloxamer 407, N,N-dimethyl dodecylamine N-oxide, and mixtures thereof, are employed to increase follicular delivery and/or follicular residence time of certain water soluble ornithine decarboxylase inhibitors of which 2(difluoromethyl)-2,5-diamino pentanoic acid and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, optical enantiomers and racemic mixture are preferred.
Eriochrme black-T removal from aqueous environment by surfactant modified clay: equilibrium, kinetic, isotherm, and thermodynamic studies

Abstract In this study, the removal of Eriochrome black T (EBT) from aqueous solutions was evaluated by cationic surfactant of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (HDTMA)-modified montmorillonite clay (MC). The effects of contact time, pH, adsorbent dosage, EBT concentration, solution ion strength, and temperature were investigated on the EBT removal. HDTMA-MC was also examined by Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The results illustrated that the experimental data were well followed by the pseudo-second-order kinetic and Freundlich isotherm models. The results also showed HDTMA-MC can be used as an effective adsorbent for the removal of EBT from aqueous solution.
Prototype Test and Numerical Analysis of a Shallow Cable with Novel Viscous Inertial Damper

As an essential component of offshore bridges, stay cables are prone to vibrations due to their low inherent damping characteristics. Various dampers have been used for cable vibration control; however, the experimental research and theoretical study of inertial dampers on real cables have not been conducted sufficiently. This study aims to investigate the damping performance of a novel viscous inertial damper (VID) and focuses on the frequency-dependent and displacement amplification phenomena of a cable-damper system. Tests were first conducted to verify the energy consumption capacity of a prototype damper. A shallow cable-VID system was established. Theoretically, complex-valued modes were analyzed to determine the influence of the inertial and viscous coefficients on the cable’s frequency and mode damping ratio. The test results and numerical analysis show that the VID has a good damping effect on the shallow cable. Considering multiple adjacent cable modes, the inertial and viscous coefficients can be optimized. After optimizing, the VID can simultaneously maximize both adjacent symmetric and antisymmetric modes’ damping ratios. The two frequencies are almost the same. The displacement amplification of the VID shows that a VID can overcome the shortcomings of displacement loss caused by traditional oil dampers. The implications of these findings of the VID on shallow cable are discussed, which will guide future research and applications of the VID or other inerter dampers.
3D and Plasmonic Nanoparticle Decorated Catalytic System via Bio-inspired Polydopamine Coating: Cigar Filter Case Study

Despite the significant progress, the well-controlled deposition of nanoparticles onto the support materials having 3-D nano-morphologies for the catalytic applications is still facing challenges such as the limited accessibility of reacting molecules to catalyst surface, uncontrolled aggregation of nanoparticles, high cost and highly complicated fabrication procedures. In this study, to overcome these challenges, a simple yet versatile alternative platform is proposed to control the gold nanoparticle (AuNP) size, surface coverage and morphology onto the 3-D cigar filter surface via bio-inspired polydopamine (PDOP) coating. The effect of gold deposition time on AuNPs characteristics and their catalytic activity in the model reaction were investigated in detail. It is found that both AuNPs properties and catalytic activity can be controlled by changing deposition time. The deposition of AuNPs via functional groups of PDOP such as amine, catechol, and imine provided total conversion of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol within an hour.
Factors Influencing Passengers’ Satisfaction with the Light Rail Transit Service in Alpha Cities: Evidence from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Using Structural Equation Modelling

Policy makers and service providers must have a good understanding of the determinants of passengers’ satisfaction with light rail transit (LRT) in order to be able to formulate effective strategies that ensure passenger satisfaction, which would in turn help to retain existing passengers and attract new ones. This is seen as the most important determinant of the long-term financial performance of LRT service. In this context, the present study seeks to establish the influence of passenger expectation, perceived quality and perceived value on their satisfaction with the service provided. A total of 417 responses from a self-administrated questionnaire were collected from LRT passengers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The proposed model was tested using a structural equation model. The results proved the significant and direct effect of perceived quality and perceived value on passenger satisfaction. Of the factors, perceived quality is the most critical construct determining the satisfaction level of LRT passengers. The present study concludes by deriving the theoretical and managerial implications on the field of transport. This study provides beneficial information which helps service providers, authorities, policy makers, planners, and researchers formulate effective strategies to increase the use of LRT service, especially in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, and other alpha and metropolitan cities in general.
Different Extraction Techniques on the Characteristic Properties of Valonea Tannin

Valonea extract is a natural tannage widely applied in leather industry which is produced via conventional hot water extraction method. On the otherhand more environmental friendly methods have started to be used in extraction technology recently. Present paper reports on the effect of different extraction methods on the properties of valonea extracts. For this purpose, conventional solvent extraction (CSE) (methanol/water mixture), supercritical CO 2 (scCO 2 ) extraction and pressurized fluid extraction (PFE) (water/CO 2 binary system) techniques have been employed on valonea and the obtained extracts have been characterized. Molecular weight of the tannins was determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), particle size was examined by Malvern Zetasizer instrument, chemical structure by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Tannin content was also examined and the results were compared with commercial valonea extract (CVT). The results showed that especially particle size of the tannins was affected by the applied extraction method and the smallest particle size was obtained by PFE method as 505.3 nm compared to commercial tannin as 983.0 nm of average particle size. PFE method was also provided more uniform extract according to the polydispersity index values. GPC and FTIR analyses showed slightly differences on the characteristics of tannins.
Evaluation of the ability of three commercially available dosimeters to detect systematic delivery errors in step-and-shoot IMRT plans

Background There is limited data on error detectability for step-and-shoot intensity modulated radiotherapy (sIMRT) plans, despite significant work on dynamic methods. However, sIMRT treatments have an ongoing role in clinical practice. This study aimed to evaluate variations in the sensitivity of three patient-specific quality assurance (QA) devices to systematic delivery errors in sIMRT plans. Materials and methods Four clinical sIMRT plans (prostate and head and neck) were edited to introduce errors in: Multi-Leaf Collimator (MLC) position (increasing field size, leaf pairs offset (1–3 mm) in opposite directions; and field shift, all leaves offset (1–3 mm) in one direction); collimator rotation (1–3 degrees) and gantry rotation (0.5–2 degrees). The total dose for each plan was measured using an ArcCHECK diode array. Each field, excluding those with gantry offsets, was also measured using an Electronic Portal Imager and a MatriXX Evolution 2D ionisation chamber array. 132 plans (858 fields) were delivered, producing 572 measured dose distributions. Measured doses were compared to calculated doses for the no-error plan using Gamma analysis with 3%/3 mm, 3%/2 mm, and 2%/2 mm criteria (1716 analyses). Results Generally, pass rates decreased with increasing errors and/or stricter gamma criteria. Pass rate variations with detector and plan type were also observed. For a 3%/3 mm gamma criteria, none of the devices could reliably detect 1 mm MLC position errors or 1 degree collimator rotation errors. Conclusions This work has highlighted the need to adapt QA based on treatment plan type and the need for detector specific assessment criteria to detect clinically significant errors.
Inverse Correlation between Lethality and Thermodynamic Stability of Contact Insecticide Polymorphs

Contact insecticides often involve the interaction of whole organisms and toxicant crystal surfaces. The crystalline phase of these compounds has not, however, been considered for the optimization of insecticide performance. Lindane (1R,2r,3S,4R,5r,6S-hexachlorocyclohexane) has been one of the most widely used insecticides, but other (inactive) stereoisomers accompanying its manufacture have led to massive chemical waste remediation problems. Crystalline polymorphs are also isomers in the broadest sense, yet only one crystal structure of lindane has been reported. Herein, we report the discovery and characterization of two new polymorphs, Forms II and III. The efficacy of Forms I, II, and III against Drosophila melanogaster revealed an inverse correlation between lethality and thermodynamic stability; the least stable kills fastest. This understanding provides a crystal engineering opportunity wherein formulations containing the most active contact insecticide polymorph can achieve infectious disease prop.
Future uncertainties for preserving tweets: Peoples’ perceptions in Japan

Social media content includes an unprecedented number of personal documents reflecting our time. Few countries or regions have established legal grounds for securing long-term access to these documents, while paper-based publications have been exhaustively accumulated under legal deposit systems. However, archiving social media through national libraries, as a sort of state intervention, could bring about chilling effects on free speech in unexpected ways. The article aims to present empirical data of public concerns concerning social media content, focusing on Twitter’s public tweets archived by third parties, through two questionnaire surveys involving university students (Research I) and the public (Research II). The surveys were designed based on three settings: researchers, organisations to which the respondents belong and the National Diet Library in Japan. Consequently, approximately 30% and 47% of the respondents in Research I (n = 197) and II (n = 728), respectively, disagreed with any hypothetical scenario. An ordered logistic analysis to reveal the inter-relations of variables suggests the existence of other factors; thus, neither variables related to Twitter/Internet use nor demographic variables influenced people’s perceptions of the archival issue. While protecting privacy rights and copyrights was the primary reason for disagreements regarding third-party archival of tweets, many respondents intuitively displayed a negative reaction without any specific reason. Those who question its value and feel uncomfortable with an authoritative intervention were also identified. To nurture acceptant attitudes, advocating the archival of personal documents and adopting more restrictive archival procedures like taking down posts and anonymisation, public debates on the intervention of public bodies and demonstration of archival values should be considered.
Dynamic mechanism of breakdown in polypropylene-based nano-dielectric

The dynamic mechanism of breakdown in polypropylene (PP) were represented based on the discharge-avalanche theory. PP is a typical semi-crystalline thermoplastic polymer with low loss and high thermal stability, which had broad application prospects in recyclable and environment-friendly insulation. Dielectric strength was one of the important properties for polymer insulation, hence research of breakdown mechanism was of great significance for insulation reliability increase and advanced materials development. In this paper, the dielectric strength of PP was enhanced by nano-silica filling, and mechanism of enhancement was discussed based on the change of activation energy measured by thermally stimulated depolarization currents (TSDC).
A new design of stepped antenna loaded metamaterial for RFID applications

Radio frequency identification is being overloaded with data information, making wideband band antennas very appealing. In this paper, we present a new design of dual band antenna for RFID reader applications operating at 2.45Gz and 5.8GHz with an average gain of 1.16dB at the lower frequency band and 3.2dB at the higher frequency band. The antenna is designed on an FR-4 substrate having a relative dielectric constant of 4.4 and loss tangent of 0.025. The proposed antenna is simulated, designed and, optimized using CST Microwave Studio and has a small size of 32 mm x 26 mm x 1.6 mm. The antenna consists of a steeped rectangular patch antenna using a partial ground plane loaded a modified split ring resonator. The metamaterial structure was designed and optimized to operate at 2.45GHz and its effective parameters was verified using the Nicolson-Ross Weir method. The performance of the proposed antenna is confirmed by another 3D electromagnetic solver HFSS.
Impact of Covid-19 on the Future of HR in India's Service Sector

With the transition of working pattern from physical workplaces to remote workplaces amid COVID-19, there has been existence of imbalance in business organizations due to lack of effective communication channels. For continued importance and relevance in modern workplace, it is essential to upgrade the human resources management function such that these issues can be addressed. Thus, this study aims to determine the impact of COVID-19 on the human resource policies and practices in the Indian service sector. For this examination qualitative analysis has been conducted based on 10 HR managers of IT and hospitality industry in Bengaluru, India. Herein, it was observed that HR managers struggled to engage their employees in disciplined manner and there was high resistance in employees to cope up with the newly developed remote working culture of the firms. The interviewees affirmed that several online opportunities like hybrid approach or people centric working style can lead to better management of employees’ wellbeing and derive effectiveness.
Operation and Efficiency Analysis of a Five-Level Single-Phase Hybrid Si/SiC Active Neutral Point Clamped Converter

The ability to improve both the size and efficiency of multilevel single-phase converters is a key to uplift them as an attractive solution for industries, while the high number of switches and complex modulation techniques understandably make them unattractive. Five-level active neutral point clamped (ANPC) converter, due to its inherent advantages such as employing different switching frequencies and using different switch technologies, presents an ideal candidate for study. This article performs a comprehensive analysis of the converter to highlight the advantages of it. This analysis results in a modified hybrid modulation that effectively regulates the neutral point (NP) of the dc link. Consequently, the combination of the topology and the modified modulation make the converter ideal to utilize two different switch technologies—in this article, silicon carbide (SiC) and Si MOSFET. To evaluate the analysis and the effectiveness of modulation, a 2-kW hybrid five-level ANPC is built. The converter current behavior is analyzed to determine the power loss in the filter and switches. The efficiency measurement is performed and compared with the calculated efficiency. There is a close coherency between the measurement and the calculated results and a peak efficiency of 98.4% is achieved.