Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimising the deployment of airborne heterogeneous sensors for persistent ISR missions

Ultimately, the success of any persistent ISR system will be judged by the quality (timeliness, accuracy and provenance) of the intelligence products that it delivers. In deploying multiple sensors to gather intelligence there is frequently a tripartite trade-off to be made between the physical constraints imposed by the sensor and platform performance both against the requirements of that mission and against the information needs of other users. Thus there is a need when working with constrained resources to optimise deployment through intelligent tasking to maximise the information quality without contradictory or over-constraining requirements and whilst maintaining mission efficiency. This paper considers recent advancements in defining mission specifications to better facilitate the optimum deployment of sensors against competing requirements and the needs of different missions. Considerations will be based against a scenario of a number of airborne vehicles carrying heterogeneous imaging sensors tasked for mine detection missions.
Landau damping in relativistic plasmas with power-law distributions and applications to solar wind electrons

The relativistic plasma dispersion relation is derived for Langmuir waves in a spatially homogeneous unmagnetized plasma in which the electrons have an isotropic power-law distribution in momentum space. The theory is applied to the study of Langmuir waves in the quiescent solar wind near the orbit of the Earth assuming that the electron distribution function can be approximated as a power-law from thermal energies ∼10eV to relativistic energies ≳100keV. Numerical solutions of the dispersion relation show that in the regime of weak Landau damping the phase speeds of the waves match the velocities of the high-energy particles, known in the solar wind literature as the superhalo, which lie in the range 0.09<v∕c<0.8. While this result raises the question of whether wave-particle interactions with a spectrum of Langmuir waves plays a role in the formation of the superhalo, the observed energy density of the waves near the orbit of the Earth at 1AU is so small that active acceleration of superhalo electrons by.
Printer graphics for clustering

One model for clusters in multivariate data is that the data are sampled from a density with many modes, one mode for each cluster. Methods of estimating multivariate densities may therefore be converted to clustering techniques, and clustering techniques may be helpful in estimating multivariate densities. Graphical techniques for representing clusters are closely related to multivariate histograms. Block histograms in two dimensions are constructed by finding a rectangle of minimum area containing a fixed number of points, deleting this rectangle and the points it contains, then finding another rectangle of minimum area containing a fixed number of points and so on. These histograms are simple visual representations of a density estimate in two dimensions. Analogous block histograms in many dimensions are useful but more difficult to represent graphically. A different approach represents each point by a box drawn in three or more dimensions. If the points are first ordered by some other clustering techn.
Corrigendum: A miniature fiber-optic temperature sensor based on a Fabry–Perot interferometer

In the third line from the bottom of the right column on page 3, 'The solution is 1.151 x 10-4 °C' should be amended to 'The resolution is 1.153 x 10-1 °C'. In the eighth line from the bottom of the left column on page 4, '321.9 nm °C-1 (L = 19.49 μm), 214.66 nm °C-1' should be amended to '321.9 pm °C-1 (L = 19.49 μm), 214.66 pm °C-1'.
21st-century competences and learning that Technical and vocational training

The 21st century is characterized by rapid developments in information technology and automation, with many routine and repetitive jobs being replaced by machines, both production and computers. The world of his technical and vocational education curriculum in the 21st century is full of challenges to face. Technical education and vocational education must be able to create learning that is able to make students have the competencies needed by the world of work in the 21st century. Technological developments make changes in economic, social culture and including education. This article aims to examine the competencies needed in the 21st century and how effective learning is for this century. The research was conducted using the literature review method. In the 21st century, the world of work is increasingly complex, graduate students from technical education and vocational education must have learning skills, literacy skills and life skills. Skill competencies taught to students must focus on one particular area, because in the world of work each worker will only do one type of work. Learning in technical and vocational education is recommended to use the application of the project-based learning model. Various research results have found that this model is able to make students have the skills needed in this 21st century.
Monitoring Non-Indigenous Species with Passive Sampling Methods in an Oceanic Island

The synergistic effects of biological invasions have long been considered significant causes of biodiversity loss worldwide. Therefore, early detection monitoring is crucial in mitigating nonindigenous species (NIS) threats. In the marine environment, settlement plates were used as monitoring devices in ports, but this method was mainly applied to assess the sessile benthic community and is less efficient in collecting the mobile biota and accessing its diversity. Moreover, as the potential expansion of NIS to the surrounding coastal environment is still poorly understood, a pilot study was conducted focusing on two aspects: (i) improving the feasibility of the settling method under different environmental contexts and (ii) enhancing the capacity of the developed prototypes to collect more representative samples (i.e., sessile and mobile biota). Three different prototypes were designed: a box prototype consisting of PVC plates encapsulated by a plastic bottle, a CD prototype with CDs surrounded by a net, and a PVC prototype with uncovered PVC plates. The prototypes were deployed inside a marina and in an outside area on Madeira Island, Portugal. Results indicate that the PVC prototype was the most efficient regarding monitoring the sessile community, whereas the box prototype showed the highest abundance of the mobile fauna. The location influenced both the sessile community composition and the number of mobile taxa. Our findings suggest combining features from prototypes to encompass the whole benthic community better.
Properties of the 2-6 keV pulse profiles of Hercules X-1

We have reanalyzed Uhuru data of 2--6 keV X-ray pulsations from Hercules X-1 during three high states of the source. We find that the pulse amplitude and pulsed fraction vary systematically with 1.7 day orbital phase and with phase in the 35 day high-low cycle of the source. However, the shapes of the pulsations otherwise show little variation with time, and the intensity of unpulsed X-rays does not vary greatly during most of each high state. From Monte Carlo simulations of the data, we find that the observations are consistent with no pulse-to-pulse shape fluctuations and with small but nonzero extrastatistical intensity fluctuations on time scales between approx.0. 1 and approx.10 s. Our results support models wherein the 35 day cycle is due to variable obscuration of the X-ray star by a wobbling accretion disk.
Visualizing Atmospheric Fields on a Personal Computer: Application to Potential Vorticity Analysis

Abstract A four-dimensional computer-analysis program for visualizing atmospheric fields on a personal computer is presented. The Program can display, on screen, a fast-time animation of meteorological fields on various surfaces or cross sections. An example is given of the application of the program for a potential vorticity analysis in a deep polar air-mass intrusion in the Mediterranean. This example has been chosen for demonstration from several other previously investigated case studies. These studies involve a variety of standard, as well as nonstandard fields and have been used for teaching in the synoptic meteorology laboratory course at Tel Aviv University, and also for basic research.
The earth's dynamo

Abstract Recent developments in geodynamo theory have advanced along two distinct tracks. On the one hand, a mean field approach is adopted. With reasonable assumptions about the nature of the α- and ω-effects of mean field theory, axisymmetric dynamo solutions are constructed which include the nonlinear feed back of the Lorentz force on the motion. On the other hand, the nature of the asymmetric waves, convection and turbulence, which occur in the presence of a prescribed magnetic field are considered. The Earth's rapid rotation &OM causes these asymmetric disturbances to be helical and so give rise to the α-effect. Recently numerical solutions of the complete set of equations governing a convectively driven dynamo have been obtained. Rotation inhibits convection but the constraint is relaxed by the presence of magnetic field. The relaxation is optimised when the Lorentz and Coriolis forces are comparable which occurs at field strengths of order (ρω/[sgrave]-)1/2, where ρ and [sgrave] are the fluid densi.
Comparative Skill of Numerical Weather Forecasts in Eastern Amazonia

The present study evaluates the performance of three numerical weather forecasting models: Global Forecast System (GFS), Brazilian Regional Atmospheric Modelling System (BRAMS) and ETA Regional Model (ETA), by means of the Mean Error (ME) and the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), during the most rainy four months period (January to April 2012) on Eastern Amazonia. The models displayed errors of superestimation and underestimation with respect to the observed precipitation, mainly over center-north of Para and all of Amapa, where the precipitation is higher. Among the analyzed models, GFS shows the best performance, except during January and March, when the model to underestimated precipitation, possibly due to the anomalously high values recorded.
Dynamic Optimization of Random Access in Deadline-Constrained Broadcasting

This paper considers dynamic optimization of random access in deadline-constrained broadcasting with frame-synchronized traffic. Under the non-retransmission setting, we define a dynamic control scheme that allows each active node to determine the transmission probability based on the local knowledge of current delivery urgency and contention intensity (i.e., the number of active nodes). For an idealized environment where the contention intensity is completely known, we develop a Markov Decision Process (MDP) framework, by which an optimal scheme for maximizing the timely delivery ratio (TDR) can be explicitly obtained. For a realistic environment where the contention intensity is incompletely known, we develop a Partially Observable MDP (POMDP) framework, by which an optimal scheme can only in theory be found. To overcome the infeasibility in obtaining an optimal or near-optimal scheme from the POMDP framework, we investigate the behaviors of the optimal scheme for extreme cases in the MDP framework, and leverage intuition gained from these behaviors together with an approximation on the contention intensity knowledge to propose a heuristic scheme for the realistic environment with TDR close to the maximum TDR in the idealized environment. We further generalize the heuristic scheme to support retransmissions. Numerical results are provided to validate our study.
Effects of Filtering and Vocal Duration upon the Identification of Speakers, Aurally

The purposes of this study were to investigate (1) the effect of various conditions of high‐pass and low‐pass filtering of the voice upon the identification of speakers; (2) the effect of various durations of recorded segments of the voice upon the identification of speakers; and (3) the relationship of fundamental frequency to misidentification of speakers. Fifteen recorded segments of the vowel [i] for each of 9 speakers were presented to listeners. All listeners were familiar with the speakers' voices through daily contact. The 15 segments of the vowel differed only in duration. The samples of the speakers' voices were heard under 7 conditions of high‐pass and low‐pass filtering. The task of the listeners was to identify the speakers by writing the name of one of 9 speakers after the presentation of each vowel stimulus. The results of the investigation indicate that (1) durations of 1/40 of a second are sufficient for identifying speakers; (2) the greater the severity of filtering, the greater the dura.
Phase II study of the combination of durvalumab, tremelimumab, and paclitaxel as second-line chemotherapy in biomarker-selected patients with metastatic gastric cancer.

401 Background: Currently, ramucirumab plus paclitaxel is the standard second-line chemotherapy in metastatic gastric cancer (mGC), however, its efficacy is very limited. MSI, PD-L1 (CD274), and EBV have been suggested as predictive biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitors in mGC. This study was conducted to evaluate efficacy and safety of the combination of durvalumab, tremelimumab, and paclitaxel as a second-line chemotherapy in mGC with potential biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitors. Methods: The combination of durvalumab, tremelimumab, and paclitaxel consisted of 1500 mg of i.v. durvalumab on day 1, every 4 weeks for 13 cycles, 75 mg of i.v. tremelimumab on day 1 every 4 weeks for 4 cycles, and 60 mg/m2 of i.v. paclitaxel on days 1, 8, and 15, every 4 weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicities. Patients (pts) with MSI-high mGC, EBV-positive mGC, or mGC with CD274 amplification, mutations of mismatch repair or POL gene, or tumor mutation burden (TMB) >5/Mb were included in second-line setting. Results: Forty-eight pts were enrolled. Overall response rate (ORR) was 52.1% with complete response in 4 (8.3%) pts, partial response in 21 (43.8%), stable disease in 14 (29.2%), and progressive disease in 8 (16.7%), and with response not evaluable in 1 (2.0%). With a median follow-up of 18.0 months (range, 7.1-39.4), the median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 5.3 months (95% CI, 3.7-6.9) and 13.1 months (95% CI, 5.2-21.0 ), respectively. Compared to mGC with other genetic alterations (n=25), mGC with TMB >20/Mb or MSI-high mGC (n=23) tended to have a higher ORR (56.5% vs 48%), and a prolonged PFS (median 7.2 vs 4.5 months; 44.0 vs 20.8% at 1 year). The combination chemotherapy was generally well tolerable; treatment-related grade 3 or 4 adverse events with frequency >5% included only neutropenia (10.4%) and anemia (8.3%), and there was no treatment-related death. Conclusions: The combination chemotherapy of durvalumab, tremelimumab, and paclitaxel showed encouraging efficacy, especially in mGC with TMB >20/Mb or MSI-high mGC, as a second-line chemotherapy with manageable toxicities in biomarker-selected mGC. Clinical trial information: NCT03751761 .
Extended [O III] emission associated with nuclear radio lobes in the Seyfert galaxy NGC 5929

On a etudie la relation qui existe entre l'emission radio et le gaz qui emet les raies, au moyen de trois techniques differentes: l'interferometrie a tres longue base, l'observation en bande etroite de haute resolution angulaire et la spectroscopie a longue fente, de haute dispersion
Association between Physical Fitness and Perceived Well-Being in Functionally Independent Community Dwelling Elderly of North-Eastern India

Abstract. Background: Regular physical activity helps in independent living, prevention of chronic health problems and quality of life in the elderly. The aim of the study is to determinewhether physical fitness is associated with multiple dimensions of well-being in the community dwelling elderly. Materials and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was undertaken to assess the physical fitness and perceived wellness in 400 elderly (≥65 years) subjects. The Senior Fitness Test (SFT) for assessing functional/physical fitness and Perceived Wellness Survey (PWS) were used to assess their well-being. Bivariate correlation analysis was used for individual testsand multiple linear regressions were used to analyze relationship of wellness composite score with physical fitness test. Results: 284men and 116 women (mean ages 69.80±3.82 and67.25±2.57 years, respectively) were assessed for physical fitness tests and perceived wellness. ‘Arm-curl’ and ‘chair-sit’ testsshowedlinear decrease in strength with increasing age. In ‘back-scratch’ and ‘chair-sit and reach’ tests lower limb flexibility was better than upper limb in all except the 65–69 year sub-group. Maximum time to perform the ‘8-feet up-and-go’ test increased progressively with age, whereas ‘2-minute step’ test showed a linear decrease in mean score with advancing age. Wellness composite score (14.54±2.31) inmaleswas maximum in the 75–79 year age-group, while in females it (15.26±2.29) was maximum in the 70–74 year age-group. Correlation analysis of physical fitness test with perception of wellness (composite score) showed significant association of ‘arm-curl’ test (p=0.012), ‘back-scratch’ test (p=0.0002), ‘8-feet up-and-go’ test (p=0.005), ‘2-minute step’ test (p=0.005) with the composite wellness score in the male participants, whereas in the females such significance was observed only in the ‘2 minute step’ test (p=0.007) with the wellness score. Conclusion: Screening of physical fitness and wellness are important measures in assessing wellness of community dwelling elderly, and in predicting theiroverall state of well-being, including age-specific comparison of fitness performance and wellness score.
t-Schreier Domains

We study, under the name t-Schreier, the class of those integral domains whose group of t-invertible t-ideals satisfies the Riesz interpolation property. The so-called Prüfer v-multiplication domains (PVMDs) and Prüfer domains are special cases of t-Schreier domains. We show that, while a number of results known for Prüfer domains and PVMDs hold for these domains, the t-Schreier domains have a remarkable capability of unifying various results in that the results proved for t-Schreier domains can also be translated to results on pre-Schreier domains and hence on GCD and Bezout domains.
Densities of states and properties of spontaneous and stimulated emission in semiconductor lasers

The spontaneous and stimulated absorption spectral functions are calculated using a band model consisting of a tail part given by Halperin and Lax, a parabolic part above the tail, and an optical model with an energy-dependent matrix element and no selection rule for the radiative transitions. The use of a parabolic band above the tail is justified since a second-order perturbation calculation shows negligible distortion of the band in this region. The parameters associated with the densities of states are determined self-consistently, involving no adjustable constants. Contrary to the generally accepted assumption and the results of Stern's calculation using Kane's density of states of a long and reasonably large-state density in the conduction-band tail, it is shown that the tail is negligibly small compared to the valence-band tail. Therefore, it is concluded that, for a typical laser, the electron quasi-Fermi level at threshold above 77°K should be in the parabolic portion of the conduction band instead of in the tail as is usually assumed without justification. The energy dependence of the matrix element is that for the average parabolic conduction band to an acceptor-level transition and should be a suitable one due to small conduction-band tail and the population of most of the holes in the vicinity of the acceptor ionization energy. General properties such as the gain current relationship and the temperature dependence of current and carrier quasi-Fermi levels are compared with those calculated without band tails and with band tails given by Kane's model. Considerable difference in each case is found and discussed. The calculations of the temperature dependence of the threshold current and the current dependence of the super radiance spectra are then applied to GaAs diffused diodes with substrate doping of 3 \times 10^{18} cm-3, taking into account the temperature dependence of the cavity loss and the nonuniform accepter distribution in the p layer. Detailed comparison with experimental data is made and good quantitative agreement is obtained in either case, showing strong support to the conclusion on the band-tail structure. The approximations of using the linear screening and Gaussian statistics that were employed by Halperin and Lax, and Kane to obtain analytical expressions for the densities of states used in Stern's calculation are discussed.
EVOLUTION FROM VISUAL TO INFRARED CARBON STARS: INTERRUPTED MASS LOSS MODEL

A set of self-consistent model calculations of the evolution from visual carbon stars to infrared carbon stars is presented. A two-shell system model, the Interrupted Mass Loss Model (oxygen-rich detached shell and newly-forming SiC dust shell) has been developed. This model overcomes the shortcomings of the single detached shell model (Chan and Kwok 1988) and the SiC shell model (Chan and Kwok 1990). A new mass-loss formula, which describes the gradually increasing mass-loss rate at the early stage of the infrared carbon stars, is introduced to simulate the effect of the newly-forming SiC shell. The model tacks successfully explain a "C" shaped distribution of carbon stars in the color-color diagram. The energy distributions of ~110 transition objects are fitted with developing SiC dust shells using the Interrupted Mass Loss Model. The existence of these transition objects with infrared properties intermediate between visual and infrared carbon stars, lends further support to the idea of an evolutionary link between visual and infrared carbon stars.
Spectroscopy of Energy-Level Splitting between Two Macroscopic Quantum States of Charge Coherently Superposed by Josephson Coupling

We study Cooper-pair tunneling in a voltage-biased superconducting single-electron transistor under microwave irradiation. By tracing the peak positions of a photon-assisted Josephson-quasiparticle current as a function of the microwave frequency, we observe an energy-dispersion curve in the quasicharge space. This shows that energy-level splitting occurs between two macroscopic quantum states of charge coherently superposed by Josephson coupling. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Goodness of Fit in Generalized Least Squares Estimation

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