Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Green Synthesis of Carbon Dots and Their Integration into Nylon-11 Nanofibers for Enhanced Mechanical Strength and Biocompatibility

Carbon dots (CDs) have been extensively explored to show good optical features, low toxicity, and good biocompatibility. Herein, we report the new synthesis of forsythia-derived CDs (F-CDs) and their incorporation into Nylon-11 nanofibers for improved mechanical properties and biocompatibility. F-CDs are prepared from a Chinese herb forsythia via a magnetic hyperthermia method in 90 s without the use of any organic solvents. The as-prepared F-CDs with rich surface functional groups can be well embedded into Nylon-11 nanofibers via electrospinning, providing Nylon-11/F-CD nanofiber mats with remarkably enhanced mechanical properties. With the incorporation of F-CDs at 10 wt% into the Nylon-11 nanofiber mats, the tensile strength increases from 7.5 to 16.6 MPa, and the elongation ratio at break increases from 39% to 125%. Moreover, the Nylon-11/F-CD nanofiber mats exhibit excellent cytocompatibility towards L929 fibroblast cells with cell viability of 96%. These findings may guide the development of various CD-embedded nanofiber mats with good mechanical properties and biocompatibility potentially useful for biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering scaffolds or wound dressing.
Reducing Russet on ‘Golden Delicious’ Apples with Silicon Dioxide Formulation Foliage Sprays1

Foliage sprays of silicon dioxide formulation (Apasil) applied at petal fall and at 7- and 14-day intervals following petal fall in 1975 and at petal fall and 7 days later in 1976 significantly reduced russet on fruit of spur-type ‘Golden Delicious’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.).
Reduced Joule heating in nanowires

The temperature distribution in nanowires due to Joule heating is studied analytically using a continuum model and a Green's function approach. We show that the temperatures reached in nanowires can be much lower than that predicted by bulk models of Joule heating, due to heat loss at the nanowire surface that is important at nanoscopic dimensions, even when the thermal conductivity of the environment is relatively low. In addition, we find that the maximum temperature in the nanowire scales weakly with length, in contrast to the bulk system. A simple criterion is presented to assess the importance of these effects. The results have implications for the experimental measurements of nanowire thermal properties, for thermoelectric applications, and for controlling thermal effects in nanowire electronic devices.
Behavior of quantum entropies in polaronic systems

Quantum entropies and state distances are analyzed in polaronic systems with short range (Hol- stein model) and long range (Frohlich model) electron-phonon coupling. These quantities are ex- tracted by a variational wave function which describes very accurately polaron systems with ar- bitrary size in all the relevant parameter regimes. With the use of quantum information tools, the crossover region from weak to strong coupling regime can be characterized with high precision. Then, the linear entropy is found to be very sensitive to the range of the electron-phonon coupling and the adiabatic ratio. Finally, the entanglement entropy is studied as a function of the system size pointing out that it not bounded, but scales as the logarithm of the size either for weak electron- phonon coupling or for short range interaction. This behavior is ascribed to the peculiar coupling induced by the single electron itinerant dynamics on the phonon subsystem.
An Electromagnetic Simulator for Sentinel-3 SAR Altimeter Waveforms Over Land—Part II: Forests

Forests play a crucial role in the climate change mitigation by acting as sinks for carbon and, consequently, reducing the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere and slowing global warming. For this reason, above ground biomass (AGB) estimation is essential for effectively monitoring forest health around the globe. Although remote sensing-based forest AGB quantification can be pursued in different ways, in this work, we discuss a new technique for vegetation observation through the use of altimetry data that have been introduced by the ESA-funded ALtimetry for BIOMass (ALBIOM) project. ALBIOM investigates the possibility of retrieving forest biomass through Copernicus Sentinel-3 Synthetic Aperture Radar Altimeter (SRAL) measurements at the Ku- and C-bands in low- and high-resolution modes. To reach this goal, a simulator able to reproduce the altimeter acquisition system and the scattering phenomena that occur in the interaction of the radar altimeter pulse with vegetated surfaces has been developed. The Tor Vergata Vegetation Scattering Model (TOVSM) developed at Tor Vergata University has been exploited to simulate the contribution from the vegetation volume via the modeling of the backscattering of forest canopy through a discrete scatterer representation. A modification of the Soil And Vegetation Reflection Simulator (SAVERS) developed by the team for Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry over land has also been taken into account to simulate the soil contribution.
Simple and Robust Deep Learning Approach for Fast Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging

Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) is a powerful tool that provides unique quantitative information for biomedical research. In this study, we propose a multi-layer-perceptron-based mixer (MLP-Mixer) deep learning (DL) algorithm named FLIM-MLP-Mixer for fast and robust FLIM analysis. The FLIM-MLP-Mixer has a simple network architecture yet a powerful learning ability from data. Compared with the traditional fitting and previously reported DL methods, the FLIM-MLP-Mixer shows superior performance in terms of accuracy and calculation speed, which has been validated using both synthetic and experimental data. All results indicate that our proposed method is well suited for accurately estimating lifetime parameters from measured fluorescence histograms, and it has great potential in various real-time FLIM applications.
Kinetic Friction by a Small Number of Intervening Inelastic Particles between Rough Surfaces

We investigate a mechanism of the appearance of kinetic friction in granular materials. We consider a small number of intervening inelastic particles between two rough surfaces as one of the simplest dynamical models to study granular friction. The resistance force applied to the upper surface is numerically calculated. We find that the resistance force F ( t ) is scaled as F ′ ( v t ) for a small pulling velocity v . The time average F 0 = in the limit v →0 is not zero owing to the mutual collisions between the intervening particles. The nonzero F 0 implies the appearance of kinetic friction in this simple dynamical system.
The molecular gas in Luminous Infrared Galaxies: a new emergent picture

Abstract Results from a large, multi-J CO, 13CO, and HCN line survey of Luminous Infrared Galaxies (LIRGs: LIR≥ 1010 L⊙) in the local Universe (z≤0.1), complemented by CO J=4–3 up to J=13–12 observations from the Herschel Space Observatory (HSO), paints a new picture for the average conditions of the molecular gas of the most luminous of these galaxies with turbulence and/or large cosmic ray (CR) energy densities UCR rather than far-UV/optical photons from star-forming sites as the dominant heating sources. Especially in ULIRGs (LIR>1012 L⊙) the Photon Dominated Regions (PDRs) can encompass at most a few % of their molecular gas mass while the large UCR∼ 103 UCR, Galaxy, and the strong turbulence in these merger/starbursts, can volumetrically heat much of their molecular gas to Tkin∼ (100-200) K, unhindered by the high dust extinctions. Moreover the strong supersonic turbulence in ULIRGs relocates much of their molecular gas at much higher average densities (≥104 cm−3) than in isolated spirals (∼ 102–103 cm−3). This renders low-J CO lines incapable of constraining the properties of the bulk of the molecular gas in ULIRGs, with substantial and systematic underestimates of its mass possible when only such lines are used. Finally a comparative study of multi-J HCN lines and CO SLEDs from J=1–0 up to J=13–12 of NGC 6240 and Arp 193 offers a clear example of two merger/starbursts whose similar low-J CO SLEDs, and LIR/LCO,1−0 and LHCN, 1−0/LCO,1-0 ratios (proxies of the so-called SF efficiency and dense gas mass fraction), yield no indications about their strongly diverging CO SLEDs beyond J=4–3, and ultimately the different physical conditions in their molecular ISM. The much larger sensitivity of ALMA and its excellent site in the Atacama desert now allows the observations necessary to assess the dominant energy sources of the molecular gas and its mass in LIRGs without depending on the low-J CO lines.
The Wheat Head Blight Pathogen Fusarium graminearum Can Recruit Collaborating Bacteria from Soil

In nature, fungal endophytes often have facultative endohyphal bacteria (FEB). Can a model plant pathogenic fungus have them, and does it affect their phenotype? We constructed a growth system/microcosm to allow an F. graminearum isolate to grow through natural soil and then re-isolated it on a gentamicin-containing medium, allowing endohyphal growth of bacteria while killing other bacteria. F. graminearum PH-1 labelled with a His1mCherry gene staining the fungal nuclei fluorescent red was used to confirm the re-isolation of the fungus. Most new re-isolates contained about 10 16SrRNA genes per fungal mCherry gene determined by qPCR. The F. graminearum + FEB holobiont isolates containing the bacteria were sub-cultured several times, and their bacterial contents were stable. Sequencing the bacterial 16SrRNA gene from several Fg-FEB holobiont isolates revealed endophytic bacteria known to be capable of nitrogen fixation. We tested the pathogenicity of one common Fg-FEB holobiont association, F. graminearum + Stenatrophomonas maltophilia, and found increased pathogenicity. The 16SrRNA gene load per fungal His1mCherry gene inside the wheat stayed the same as previously found in vitro. Finally, strong evidence was found for Fg-S. maltophilia symbiotic nitrogen fixation benefitting the fungus.
Strawberry Tree Fruits and Leaves (Arbutus unedo L.) as Raw Material for Sustainable Functional Food Processing: A Review

The strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) is a Mediterranean plant known for the traditional use of its fruits and leaves due to their health benefits. Thus, it has been used for years in folk medicine to relieve various health conditions such as urological and kidney problems, dermatological, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal diseases. The fruits are traditionally used for making jams, jellies, and strong alcoholic beverages, while the leaves are mostly used for preparing tea. Since the leaves were more researched, previous results indicated that they have important biological effects, so further research should focus on the fruits. Due to its chemical composition, rich polyphenolic profile and the biological potential derived from it, the plant has great prospects for the production of functional foods and nutraceuticals. However, the plant’s potential is underutilized in terms of processing. Therefore, this review summarizes the properties and the potential of the fruits and leaves of A. unedo and their possible benefits for processing with respect to agricultural, nutritive, biological and economic values.
ASTROSAT CZT IMAGER OBSERVATIONS OF GRB 151006A: TIMING, SPECTROSCOPY, AND POLARIZATION STUDY

AstroSat is a multi-wavelength satellite launched on 2015 September 28. The CZT Imager of AstroSat on its very first day of operation detected a long duration gamma-ray burst (GRB), namely GRB 151006A. Using the off-axis imaging and spectral response of the instrument, we demonstrate that the CZT Imager can localize this GRB correctly to about a few degrees, and it can provide, in conjunction with Swift, spectral parameters similar to those obtained from Fermi/GBM. Hence, the CZT Imager would be a useful addition to the currently operating GRB instruments (Swift and Fermi). Specifically, we argue that the CZT Imager will be most useful for the short hard GRBs by providing localization for those detected by Fermi and spectral information for those detected only by Swift. We also provide preliminary results on a new exciting capability of this instrument: the CZT Imager is able to identify Compton scattered events thereby providing polarization information for bright GRBs. GRB 151006A, in spite of being relatively faint, shows hints of a polarization signal at 100–300 keV (though at a low significance level). We point out that the CZT Imager should provide significant time resolved polarization measurements for GRBs that have fluence three times higher than that of GRB 151006A. We estimate that the number of such bright GRBs detectable by the CZT Imager is five to six per year. The CZT Imager can also act as a good hard X-ray monitoring device for possible electromagnetic counterparts of gravitational wave events.
Adiabaticity and diabaticity in strong-field ionization

If the photon energy is much less than the electron binding energy, ionization of an atom by a strong optical field is often described in terms of electron tunneling through the potential barrier resulting from the superposition of the atomic potential and the potential associated with the instantaneous electric component of the optical field. In the strict tunneling regime, the electron response to the optical field is said to be adiabatic, and nonadiabatic effects are assumed to be negligible. Here, we investigate to what degree this terminology is consistent with a language based on the so-called adiabatic representation. This representation is commonly used in various fields of physics. For electronically bound states, the adiabatic representation yields discrete potential-energy curves that are connected by nonadiabatic transitions. When applying the adiabatic representation to optical strong-field ionization, a conceptual challenge is that the eigenstates of the instantaneous Hamiltonian form a continuum; i.e., there are no discrete adiabatic states. This difficulty can be overcome by applying an analytic-continuation technique. In this way, we obtain a rigorous classification of adiabatic states and a clear characterization of (non)adiabatic and (non)diabatic ionization dynamics. Moreover, we distinguish two different regimes within tunneling ionization and explain the dependence of the ionization probability on the pulse envelope.
New Suns in the Cosmos II: differential rotation in Kepler Sun-like stars

The present study reports the discovery of Sun-like stars, namely main-sequence stars with $T_{\rm eff}$, $\log g$ and rotation periods $P_{rot}$ similar to solar values, presenting evidence of surface differential rotation. An autocorrelation of the time series was used to select stars presenting photometric signal stability from a sample of 881 stars with light curves collected by the $Kepler$ space-borne telescope, in which we have identified 17 stars with stable signals. A simple two-spot model together with a Bayesian information criterion were applied to these stars in the search for indications of differential rotation; in addition, for all 17 stars, it was possible to compute the spot rotation period $P$, the mean values of the individual spot rotation periods and their respective colatitudes, and the relative amplitude of the differential rotation.
Canonical quantization of elementary fields

An inconsistency of quantum field theory, regarding the signs of vacuum energy and vacuum pressure of elementary fields versus non-elementary fields (like e. g. phonon fields), is pointed out. An improved law for the canonical quantization of fields is presented, which is based on the distinction between elementary and non-elementary fields. Remarkably, the improved quantization method removes not only the inconsistency of quantum field theory, but at the same time solves the (old) cosmological constant problem for all fields of the standard model of elementary particles (but not for the hypothetical inflaton fields), without compromising any of the achievements of established quantum field theory.
Do sub-millimeter galaxy number counts provide evidence for a top-heavy IMF?

Theoretical models have had difficulty matching the observed number density of sub-millimeter galaxies (SMGs), causing some authors (e.g., Baugh et al. 2005) to suggest that SMGs provide evidence for a top-heavy initial mass function (IMF). To test this claim, we have, for the first time, combined high-resolution 3-D hydrodynamic simulations of isolated and merging massive, gas-rich galaxies, radiative transfer, and a semi-empirical merger rate model to predict the number density of SMGs. Our model can reproduce the observed SMG number density even when using a standard (Kroupa) IMF. The agreement is due to a combination of relatively long sub-mm duty cycles for mergers (a few times 10^8 years for our most massive models), which owe to our combination of high-resolution 3-D hydrodynamic simulations and dust radiative transfer; sufficient number densities of massive, gas-rich mergers; and the decrease in sub-mm counts observed by recent deep/wide surveys (e.g., Austermann et al. 2010) relative to previous surveys. Our results suggest that the observed SMG number counts do not provide evidence for a top-heavy IMF at high redshift.
Respiratory Patterns in Neurological Injury, Pathophysiology, Ventilation Management, and Future Innovations: A Systematic Review

Traumatic brain injuries (TBI), ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, brain tumors, and seizures have diverse and sometimes overlapping associated breathing patterns. Homeostatic mechanisms for respiratory control are intertwined with complex neurocircuitry, both centrally and peripherally. This paper summarizes the neurorespiratory control and pathophysiology of its disruption. It also reviews the clinical presentation, ventilatory management, and emerging therapeutics. This review additionally serves to update all recent preclinical and clinical research regarding the spectrum of respiratory dysfunction. Having a solid pathophysiological foundation of disruptive mechanisms would permit further therapeutic development. This novel review bridges experimental/physiological data with bedside management, thus allowing neurosurgeons and intensivists alike to rapidly diagnose and treat respiratory sequelae of acute brain injury.
'Photosynthetic' Quantum Computers?

Do quantum computers already exist in Nature? It is proposed that they do. Photosynthesis is one example in which a 'quantum computer' component may play a role in the 'classical' world of complex biological systems. A 'translation' of the standard metabolic description of the 'front-end' light harvesting complex in photosynthesis into the language of quantum computers is presented. Biological systems represent an untapped resource for thinking about the design and operation of hybrid quantum-classical computers and expanding our current conceptions of what defines a 'quantum computer' in Nature.
Criação de Conjuntos de Dados Textuais Jurídicos em Português a partir de Processo de Extração e Heurística

O judiciário brasileiro possui uma grande carga de trabalho, o que acaba acarretando um longo tempo para conclusão dos processos judiciais. Diversas iniciativas de digitalização têm surgido, abrindo a possibilidade do uso de recursos computacionais no auxílio das tarefas cotidianas do domínio jurídico. O domínio jurídico lida, em sua maioria, com dados textuais e a Inteligência Artificial tem técnicas que podem ajudar a apoiar as tarefas cotidianas, dando maior celeridade ao processo. No entanto, conjuntos de dados do domínio jurídico necessários para algumas técnicas atuais de Inteligência Artificial são escassos e de difícil obtenção, uma vez que requerem anotações por parte de especialistas. Este artigo apresenta quatro conjuntos de dados do domínio jurídico, dois com corpus de documentos e alguns metadados mas sem rótulo, e outros dois anotados com uma heurística visando seu uso na tarefa de similaridade semântica textual.
Quantum Statistical Mechanics as an Exact Classical Expansion with Results for Lennard-Jones Helium

The quantum states representing classical phase space are given, and these are used to formulate quantum statistical mechanics as a formally exact double perturbation expansion about classical statistical mechanics. One series of quantum contributions arises from the non-commutativity of the position and momentum operators. Although the formulation of the quantum states differs, the present results for separate averages of position operators and of momentum operators agree with Wigner (1932) and Kirkwood (1933). The second series arises from wave function symmetrization, and is given in terms of $l$-particle permutation loops in an infinite order re-summation. The series gives analytically the known exact result for the quantum ideal gas to all orders. The leading correction corrects a correction given by Kirkwood. The first four quantum corrections to the grand potential are calculated for a Lennard-Jones fluid using the hypernetted chain closure. For helium on liquid branch isotherms, the corrections range from several times to 1\% of the total classical pressure, with the effects of non-commutativity being significantly larger in magnitude than those of wave function symmetrization. All corrections are found to be negligible for argon at the densities and temperatures studied. The calculations are computationally trivial as the method avoids having to compute eigenfunctions, eigenvalues, and numerical symmetrization.
Effect of Stenting Strategy on the Outcome in Patients with Non-Left Main Bifurcation Lesions

Previous studies have not compared outcomes between different percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) strategies and lesion locations in non-left main (LM) bifurcation lesions. We enrolled 2044 patients from a multicenter registry with an LAD bifurcation lesion (n = 1551) or non-LAD bifurcation lesion (n = 493). The primary outcome was target lesion failure (TLF), a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and target lesion revascularization (TLR). During a median follow-up period of 38 months, non-LAD bifurcation lesions treated with the two-stent strategy, compared with the one-stent strategy, were associated with more frequent TLF (20.7% vs. 6.3%, p < 0.01), TLR (16.7% vs. 4.7%, p < 0.01), and target vessel revascularization (TVR; 18.2% vs. 6.3%, p < 0.01). There was no significant difference in outcome among LAD bifurcation lesions treated with different PCI strategies. The two-stent strategy was associated with a higher risk of TLF (adjusted HR 4.34, CI 1.93–9.76, p < 0.01), TLR (adjusted HR 4.30, CI 1.64–11.27, p < 0.01), and TVR (adjusted HR 5.07, CI 1.69–9.74, p < 0.01) in the non-LAD bifurcation lesions. The planned one-stent strategy is preferable to the two-stent strategy for the treatment of non-LAD bifurcation lesions.
Unexpected diagnosis ‘Foot Tuberculosis’

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease still causing significant health problems. Although it is basically a disease of the parenchyma of the pulmonary system, there can be extra-pulmonary involvement of the pleura, the central nervous system, the genito-urinary system, pericardium, eyes, skin, and the skeletal system. The primary source is pulmonary focused, and it is quite rare for infection to occur in the skeletal system by a hematogenous route. The increase in immune system compromised patients and medication resistant bacteria has caused a greater incidence of mycobacterial infection outside the lungs to have been observed. The main problem encountered in tuberculosis in the skeletal system is the diagnosis. Localized pain, high temperature and weight loss are not often seen clinically. A case is presented here for discussion of isolated foot tuberculosis, as a case which is rarely able to be diagnosed, and for which appropriate treatment was given early before the onset of function loss, giving good results.