Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of interactive conceptions of intelligence and life in cognitive technology

The paper addresses technology which aims at designing systems which are intelligent or show life like behaviour. The author views 'intelligence' and 'life' as concepts which are constructed and attributed by humans: a) in a certain context by the process of interaction and understanding, or b) between humans in processes of agreement and the social construction of conventions. Cognitive technology can be an opportunity to study the processes of how new forms of interactions can emerge at the human tool interface. These new kinds of interaction need not mimic 'natural' ones, they can be qualitatively new forms of 'interactive intelligence' which are more than the sum of their parts. The relevance of artificial life (AL) to the field of cognitive technology is discussed. The Embodied AL (EAL) direction is interpreted in terms of concepts which stress the individual, embodied and social nature of humans as designers and users of technology. 'Believability', 'stories', 'autobiography', 'social understanding', and the coupling of an individual's internal and external dynamics to its environment are central concepts of this approach. The potential contribution of EAL to the field of cognitive technology is summarised in a list of ten CT guidelines.
Dual branch self-attention DenseNet for pansharpening

The purpose of pansharpening is to fuse low-resolution multispectral image (LRMS) and high-resolution panchromatic image (PAN) to obtain high-resolution multispectral (HRMS). In response to the shortcomings of traditional remote sensing image fusion algorithms causing spectral distortion, more and more deep learning algorithms are utilized, and this paper proposes a new deep network structure, two-branch Self-Attentive DenseNet network. In terms of maintaining high spatial resolution, the image feature information is extracted by different inch-scale convolutional kernels, and the effective feature information is enhanced to suppress the invalid image information by using DenseNet network model and introducing Self-Attention, and the fused image spectral information is enhanced by using hopping connection to maintaining the spectral structure. Experiments show that the proposed method of this paper has improved image quality evaluation metrics compared with the previously existing traditional fusion algorithms and deep network algorithms.
Parallel Algorithms of Well-Balanced and Weighted Average Flux for Shallow Water Model Using CUDA

Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) implementations are presented of a well-balanced finite volume method for solving a shallow water model. The CUDA platform allows programs to run parallel on GPU. Four versions of the CUDA algorithm are presented in addition to a CPU implementation. Each version is improved from the previous one. We present the following techniques for optimizing a CUDA program: limiting register usage, changing the global memory access pattern, and using loop unroll. The accuracy of all programs is investigated in 3 test cases: a circular dam break on a dry bed, a circular dam break on a wet bed, and a dam break flow over three humps. The last parallel version shows 3.84x speedup over the first CUDA implementation. We use our program to simulate a real-world problem based on an assumed partial breakage of the Srinakarin Dam located in Kanchanaburi province, Thailand. The simulation shows that the strong interaction between massive water flows and bottom elevations under wet and dry conditions is well captured by the well-balanced scheme, while the optimized parallel program produces a 57.32x speedup over the serial version.
Excess currents induced by hot hole injection and FN electron injection in thin SiO/sub 2/ films

The behavior of excess currents induced by Fowler-Nordheim electron injection stress (FN electron injection) has been investigated for 6.0-nm oxides. Excess currents are induced by FN electron injection in 6.0-nm oxides together with positive charges being induced in it. To clarify the role of hole injection in FN electron injection, the behavior of excess currents induced by substrate hot hole injection has also been investigated in 6.0-nm oxides. The leakage behavior after hot hole injection is the same as FN electron injection. The excess currents induced both by the FN electron injection and by the substrate hot hole injection are due to trap-assisted tunneling and field enhancement at the cathode due to the positive trapped charge. The charge centroid of the positive charges induced by both stresses are located 3.0 nm from the Si/SiO/sub 2/ interface which is at the center of 6.0-nm oxide. The excess currents induced by hot hole injection and FN electron injection are caused by traps in SiO/sub 2/ films produced by injected holes from the anode.
Accurate modeling of Ni/6H-SiC Schottky barrier diode (SBD) forward characteristics at high current densities

An accurate modeling and complete parameter extraction of the forward characteristics of the Ni/6H-SiC Scottky barrier diodes (SBD) for high level current densities are presented. The model takes into account the high level injection effects of the excess majority carriers and current dependence of the series resistance. Direct extraction of the large bias SBD parameters is carried out. A very good agreement between the simulated forward curves using extracted parameters and measured data up to 500 A/cm/sup 2/ is obtained.
Negative affect and binge eating: Assessing the unique trajectories of negative affect before and after binge-eating episodes across eating disorder diagnostic classifications.

OBJECTIVE Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) studies suggest that among individuals who binge eat, emotional states and binge eating are functionally related. However, it is unclear whether the trajectory of negative affect (NA) is the same across diagnostic groups or if specific changes in affect are unique to each diagnostic category. This study examined the moderating effect of diagnosis on the trajectory of negative affect before and after binge eating. METHOD Adults with eating disorder diagnoses (anorexia nervosa [AN] = 118, bulimia nervosa [BN] = 133, binge-eating disorder [BED] = 112) completed an EMA where they reported binge eating and negative affect throughout the day. Generalized estimating equation analyses were used to model the trajectories of NA before and after binge eating. RESULTS For all individuals, the linear trajectory of NA significantly increased before (B = 0.044, p < .001) and decreased following the binge-eating episode (B = -0.054, p < .001). However, diagnosis moderated this trajectory. Specifically, individuals with BN had a greater change in linear trajectories of NA before (B = 2.305, p < .001) and after (B = -4.149, p < .001) binge eating compared to those with BED, but not those with AN. There were no differences in the trajectory of NA between individuals with BED or AN. DISCUSSION These findings suggest that binge-eating episodes in BN may be more strongly associated with NA than in BED, but similar to binge-eating episodes in AN.
Enhancing Oil Recovery from Low-Permeability Reservoirs with a Thermoviscosifying Water-Soluble Polymer

Water-soluble polymers, mainly partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM), have been used in the enhanced oil recovery (EOR) process. However, the poor salt tolerance, weak thermal stability and unsatisfactory injectivity impede its use in low-permeability hostile oil reservoirs. Here, we examined the adaptivity of a thermoviscosifying polymer (TVP) in comparison with HPAM for chemical EOR under simulated conditions (45 °C, 4500 mg/L salinity containing 65 mg/L Ca2+ and Mg2+) of low-permeability oil reservoirs in Daqing Oilfield. The results show that the viscosity of the 0.1% TVP solution can reach 48 mPa·s, six times that of HPAM. After 90 days of thermal aging at 45 °C, the TVP solution had 71% viscosity retention, 18% higher than that of the HPAM solution. While both polymer solutions could smoothly propagate in porous media, with permeability of around 100 milliDarcy, TVP exhibited stronger mobility reduction and permeability reduction than HPAM. After 0.7 pore volume of 0.1% polymer solution was injected, TVP achieved an incremental oil recovery factor of 13.64% after water flooding, 3.54% higher than that of HPAM under identical conditions. All these results demonstrate that TVP has great potential to be used in low-permeability oil reservoirs for chemical EOR.
The Intrastate Security Dilemma: Ethnic Conflict as a `Tragedy'?

This article seeks to pull together the main body of work on the security dilemma and that concerning the relatively recent move in international relations in reconceptualizing and operationalizing the concept away from its usual interstate setting. First, it will discuss some of the ways in which the security dilemma has been defined. Second, it will concentrate on the work of those writers who have conceived of `ethnic security dilemmas' and `insecurity dilemmas' occurring at the intrastate level. Third, it will suggest some possible answers to the problems that this body of writing has raised. Fourth, it will both introduce and further develop the concept of the `(inter-) societal security dilemma' as a possibly more productive way of explaining the outbreak of ethnic violence. Moreover, throughout the article the question as to if and when ethnic conflict can be seen as a `tragedy' in Herbert Butterfield's sense of the word will be addressed.
Passive Impedance Control of Robots With Viscoelastic Joints Via Inner-Loop Torque Control

This article presents passive impedance control of flexible joint robots (FJRs) via inner-loop torque control of elastic joints. However, according to our theoretical analysis, the torque control methods of series elastic actuators (SEAs) are often limited by the fact that the acceleration signals are amplified by the control gains. Since the acceleration signals are often affected by differentiation noise, the analysis may become invalid in practice. To alleviate this limitation, we propose the use of the so-called series viscoelastic actuator (SvEA), which significantly reduces the acceleration amplification. Consequently, in contrast to the SEA case, the theoretical analysis of an SvEA-based FJR is valid in real implementations. We would like to highlight the fact that the theoretical analysis (more specifically, passivity analysis) is performed for nonlinear robot dynamics without linearization. As a result, the passive impedance controller can be realized more robustly with enhanced inner-loop torque control.
Do Interruptions Affect the Quality of Work?

In today’s modern-day world where people are constantly being interrupted by cell phone calls, emails, instant messages, and co-workers, it is apparent that interruptions have become a common occurrence. Further, given the growth of technology in the workplace, that is unlikely to dissipate. Although much research has been conducted on interruptions and their impact on performance, little of that work has focuses on the overall quality of performance on the primary task. The current study investigates the role interruptions have on overall quality of work in a creative, complex task. Interruptions were found to reliably reduce quality of work when introduced at different phases of the task.
Smart aggregates: multi-functional sensors for concrete structures—a tutorial and a review

This paper summarizes the authors’ recent pioneering research work in piezoceramic-based smart aggregates and their innovative applications in concrete civil structures. The basic operating principle of smart aggregates is first introduced. The proposed smart aggregate is formed by embedding a waterproof piezoelectric patch with lead wires into a small concrete block. The proposed smart aggregates are multi-functional and can perform three major tasks: early-age concrete strength monitoring, impact detection and structural health monitoring. The proposed smart aggregates are embedded into the desired location before the casting of the concrete structure. The concrete strength development is monitored by observing the high frequency harmonic wave response of the smart aggregate. Impact on the concrete structure is detected by observing the open-circuit voltage of the piezoceramic patch in the smart aggregate. For structural health monitoring purposes, a smart aggregate-based active sensing system is designed for the concrete structure. Wavelet packet analysis is used as a signal-processing tool to analyze the sensor signal. A damage index based on the wavelet packet analysis is used to determine the structural health status. To better describe the time-history and location information of damage, two types of damage index matrices are proposed: a sensor-history damage index matrix and an actuator–sensor damage index matrix. To demonstrate the multi-functionality of the proposed smart aggregates, different types of concrete structures have been used as test objects, including concrete bridge bent-caps, concrete cylinders and a concrete frame. Experimental results have verified the effectiveness and the multi-functionality of the proposed smart aggregates. The multi-functional smart aggregates have the potential to be applied to the comprehensive monitoring of concrete structures from their earliest stages and throughout their lifetime.
Simulation of electrical discharges in gases. Nonuniform electric fields

Non-equilibrium behavior of electrons and ions in gases in an electric field occurs in many situations such as in the cathode fall region of a glow discharge, asymmetrical electrodes between which the Laplacian electric field is nonuniform, in coronas and spark breakdown. This paper reviews various methods used to describe the non-equilibrium behavior of electrons and the degree of success obtained with these methods. Non-equilibrium effects in the cathode fall region of a discharge is treated separately. Mainly there are microscopic methods such as Monte Carlo simulation and Boltzmann equation analysis. Alternatively macroscopic methods such as the momentum transfer theory (or beam model) and memory factor model are available. Also, a hybrid fluid/Monte Carlo method is introduced as a new treatment of non-equilibrium behavior in high pressure and rf discharges. Future possible development in these areas are commented upon. >
Crowd facilities, management and communications in disasters

This paper reviews the human behaviour and risk communications which occurred during a number of major fires (Beverly Hills Supper Club, Summerland, Woolworth’s, Bradford, King’s Cross) and a crowd crush (Hillsborough). The paper draws on official Inquiry reports and related research, including a series of five underground station evacuation studies modelled on the King’s Cross fire scenario. The pattern of delay in warning the public is considered in terms of misconceptions about “panic” and the performance of public facilities as a communication system consisting of design, technology, management and occupancy (setting in use). The paper advocates performance‐based design, warning system technology and facilities management (organisational and occupant response) criteria, allied to minimally sufficient early warning of the public on a risk communication timeline. The latter needs to address and accommodate the timing and duration of occupant response, shelter and escape behaviour from different locations as an emergency unfolds.
Distinct off-equatorial zonal wind stress and oceanic responses for EP and CP type ENSO events

This study utilises observations and a series of idealised experiments to explore whether Eastern Pacific (EP) and Central Pacific (CP) type El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events produce surface wind stress responses with distinct spatial structures. We find that the meridionally broader sea surface temperatures (SST) during CP events lead to zonal wind stresses that are also meridionally broader than those found during EP type events, leading to differences in the near-equatorial wind stress curl. These wind spatial structure differences create differences in the associated pre- and post-ENSO event WWV response. For instance, the meridionally narrow winds found during EP events have: i) weaker wind stresses along 5°N and 5°S, leading to weaker Ekman induced pre-event WWV changes; and ii) stronger near-equatorial wind stress curls that lead to a much larger post-ENSO event WWV changes than during CP events. The latter suggests that, in the framework of the recharge oscillator model, the EP events have stronger coupling between sea surface temperatures (SST) and thermocline (WWV), supporting more clearly the phase transition of ENSO events, and therefore the oscillating nature of ENSO than CP events. The results suggest that the spatial structure of the SST pattern and the related differences in the wind stress curl, are required along with equatorial wind stress to accurately model the WWV changes during EP and CP type ENSO events.
An enhanced cavity model for microstrip antennas

An enhanced cavity model for analyzing microstrip patch antenna is presented. The predicted resonant frequency and resonant resistance of the antenna are in good agreement with measured data. Theoretical results of the enhanced model are also compared with some commonly used models to determine their range of validity. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 520–523, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20022
Designing a Textile Curriculum for the 1990s: A Rewarding Challenge

The field of textile science and engineering has played a key role in bringing about one of the major technological transformations known to mankind, the computer revolution. Computers are rapidly changing the present-day textile scene, and, if the field of textiles is to continue to play a leadership role and also harness the benefits of the technological advancements, it should build on a strong foundation of talented scientists and engineers who can lead, develop, and manage the technical enterprises of the future. The influence of computers and information technology on the textile plant of the future is discussed. The necessary skills and knowledge that the textile professional should possess for successfully operating in such an environment are assessed. On this basis, a broad outline of the textile curriculum for the 1990s is proposed.
Prediction of product yield distributions from wafer parametric measurements of CMOS circuits

A technique for predicting the yield distribution of CMOS circuits based on electrical parameter distributions is presented. This technique uses the mean and standard deviation of the measured threshold voltage and mobility of NMOS and PMOS transistors to project the yield of the circuit in a specified design window. The method thus provides a quantitative means of carrying out tradeoffs between design windows and final product yield. >
Mobile Antenna Systems Handbook

From the Publisher: Understand the relationship between all the elements involved in the design of antennas for mobile communications with this book. Written from a systems-oriented approach, it provides a detailed discussion of equipment mountings, proximity of obstacles, and propagation phenomena. It also presents the innovations that the printed antenna has made possible  such as compact adaptive arrays to combat fading. Supplemented with 184 equations and 461 illustrations.
Telepresence in Videocommunications

The paper discusses factors that affect the impression of telepresence in video-communications. Telepresence is experienced by interlocutors to the extent to which natural visual cues from the remote site are adequately transferred by the medium. The paper reports on two experimental Human Factors studies investigating the effects of various features of videoconferencing systems in terms of, inter alia, the conferees' impression of telepresence as well as user satisfaction and the willingness to use those systems. Within the framework of Experiment 1 the system features that were varied were the scale of representing the conferees (natural vs. reduced size) and the representation of the conferees' surroundings (small vs. large sector of the remote room). In Experiment 2 the system feature being tested was the stereoscopic representation of the conferees. Results showed that both the natural-size representation of conferees as well as the stereoscopic representation increase the impression of telepresence. The expected benefits of a representation of the conferees' surroundings could not be verified. Given a fixed size of the screen, the trade-off between the conferees' size and the representation of surroundings is in favor of the natural size representation.
Risk of Infection, Local Prevalence and Seasonal Changes in an Avian Malaria Community Associated with Game Bird Releases

Anthropogenic activities, such as the translocation or introduction of animals, may cause a parallel movement of exotic parasites harboured by displaced animals. Although introduction and/or relocation of animals for hunting purposes is an increasingly common management technique, the effects of gamebird release as a major vehicle for the introduction of parasites into new geographic regions have rarely been reported. We examined the prevalence and distribution of avian malaria parasites infecting resident avian hosts (red-legged partridge Alectoris rufa) at a local scale, with a particular emphasis on the effects of releasing farm-reared birds for hunting on the spatial and temporal structure of the parasite community. We collected blood samples from adult partridges from two game estates with partridge releases and two sites without releases over two periods (spring and autumn). We tested the probability of infection and differences in the parasite community in relation to the management model (releases vs. non releases) and sampling period, comparing autumn (when farm-reared birds are released) and spring (after hunting season, when mostly wild birds can be found in the population). We found a high prevalence (54%) of Plasmodium spp. , and substantial differences in the spatial and temporal distribution of parasite lineages among the populations studied. Some parasite lineages occurred at high frequencies in game estates without introduction of farm-reared partridges, while other lineages were more abundant in game estates with releases than in those without releases. Overall, the prevalence of avian malaria was similar between spring and autumn at non-release sites, whereas in sites with releases, it was higher in autumn than in spring—probably due to artificial restocking with infected farm-reared birds at the onset of the hunting season. In short, humans may be an important agent driving the alteration of the spatial structure of local parasite fauna via the introduction of exotic parasites by gamebird release, which could cause avian malaria outbreaks with severe repercussions for native avifauna.