Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Survey of soil available magnesium content at navel orange orchards in southern Jiangxi province

【Objective】This study aimed to understand the content of soil available magnesium at navel orange orchards in southern Jiangxi province. 【Method】Uncultivated and cultivated soil samples collected from 446 orchards in 16 counties were analyzed in 2008. 【Result】The results showed that soil acidification was obvious because the pH values of the cultivated soil samples were lower than that of the uncultivated soil samples.Both the average organic matter(OM) contents of uncultivated and cultivated soil samples collected from orchards in every county failed to reach the optimum level,but the average OM content of cultivated soil samples was higher than that of the uncultivated samples.The available magnesium(AM) contents of the uncultivated soil samples and cultivated soil samples were 35.19 mg.kg-1and 46.81 mg.kg1,respectively.89. 52% of uncultivated soil samples and 87.65% of cultivated soil samples were deficient in AM;and only 6.11% of uncultivated soil samples and 5.29% of cultivated soil samples were sufficient in AM.In Xinfeng County,one of the three biggest navel orange production counties,the AM content of cultivated soil samples was only 65.30 mg.kg-1 on the average.Anyuan and Xunwu,the other two biggest navel orange production counties,the AM contents of cultivated soil samples were only 33.51 mg.kg-1and 31.35 mg.kg-1on the average,respectively,and 99.09% of orchards in Anyuan County and 94.07% of orchards in Xunwu County were deficient in AM.Both the soil pH values and soil organic matter contents showed highly significant positive correlation with soil AM contents. 【Conclusion】Both the uncultivated and cultivated soils at navel orange orchards of southern Jiangxi province were found to be highly acidic and severely deficient in AM.It is necessary to apply lime and alkaline magnesium fertilizers at citrus orchards.
Neural Processing of Second‐Order Motion in the Suprasylvian Cortex of the Cat

Abstract Neuronal responses to second‐order motion, that is, to spatiotemporal variations of texture or contrast, have been reported in several cortical areas of mammals, including the middle‐temporal (MT) area in primates. In this study, we investigated whether second‐order responses are present in the cat posteromedial lateral suprasylvian (PMLS) cortex, a possible homolog of the primate area MT. The stimuli used were luminance‐based sine‐wave gratings (first‐order) and contrast‐modulated carrier stimuli (second‐order), which consisted of a high‐spatial‐frequency static grating (carrier) whose contrast was modulated by a low‐spatial‐frequency drifting grating (envelope). Results indicate that most PMLS neurons responded to second‐order motion and for the vast majority of cells, first‐ and second‐order preferred directions were conserved. However, responses to second‐order stimuli were significantly reduced when compared to those evoked by first‐order gratings. Circular variance was increased for second‐order stimuli, indicating that PMLS direction selectivity was weaker for this type of stimulus. Finally, carrier orientation selectivity was either absent or very broad and had no influence on the envelope's orientation selectivity. In conclusion, our data show that PMLS neurons exhibit similar first‐ and second‐order response profiles and that, akin primate area MT cells, they perform a form‐cue invariant analysis of motion signals.
Disklike Structure in the Semiregular Pulsating Star X Herculis

This paper reports the results of a Berkeley-Illinois-Maryland (BIMA) array interferometric observation of a semiregular pulsating star with an unusual narrow molecular line profile, X Her, in the CO J = 1-0 line. In the CO spectrum, a double-component profile (including narrow and broad components) is seen, as reported by previous observations. The narrow component consists of two spiky peaks. The spatial structure of the board component shows bipolar shape, and that of the narrow component shows an elliptical/spherical shape. The two peaks in the narrow component show a systematic difference in the integrated intensity map. The kinematical and geometrical properties of the narrow component are reminiscent of a Keplerian rotating disk with a central mass of 0.9 M☉, although an interpretation as an expansion disk seems to be more natural. A secondary bipolar flow instead of the disk also cannot be fully excluded as an interpretation of the narrow line.
Azimuth‐dependent AVO in reservoirs containing non‐orthogonal fracture sets

Azimuthal anisotropy in rocks can result from the presence of one or more sets of partially aligned fractures with orientations determined by the stress history of the rock. The symmetry of a rock with horizontal bedding that contains two or more non‐orthogonal sets of vertical fractures may be approximated as monoclinic with a horizontal plane of mirror symmetry. For offsets that are small compared with the depth of the reflector, the azimuthal variation in P‐wave AVO gradient for such a medium varies with azimuth as where φ is the azimuth measured with respect to the fast polarization direction for a vertically polarized shear wave. φ2 depends on both the normal compliance BN and the shear compliance BT of the fractures and may differ from zero if BNBT varies significantly between fracture sets. If BNBT is the same for all fractures, and the principal axes of the azimuthal variation in P‐wave AVO for fixed offset are determined by the polarization directions of a vertically propagating shear wave. At larger offsets, terms in and are required to describe the azimuthal variation in AVO accurately. φ4 and φ6 also depend on BNBT. For gas‐filled open fractures but a lower value of BNBT may result from the presence of a fluid with non‐zero bulk modulus.
Exploring an Aspect-Oriented Approach to OS Code

Operating system code is complex. But, while substantial complexity is inherent to this domain, we believe that other complexity is caused by modularity problems. In this paper, we explore aspect-oriented programming as a means of making this kind of complexity unnecessary. We show that simple linguistic constructs can be used to modularize prefetching – an aspect of the system that is otherwise unclear because its implementation is spread out in the code.
Kinin B1 receptor gene ablation affects hypothalamic CART productionb

Abstract A role for the kinin B1 receptor in energy-homeostatic processes was implicated in previous studies; notably, the studies where kinin B1 receptor knockout mice (B1-/-) were shown to have impaired adiposity, impaired leptin and insulin production, lower feed efficiency, protection from liver steatosis and diet-induced obesity when fed a high fat diet (HFD). In particular, in a model where the B1 receptor is expressed exclusively in the adipose tissue, it rescues the plasma insulin concentration and the weight gain seen in wild type mice. Taking into consideration that leptin participates in the formation of hypothalamic nuclei, which modulate energy expenditure, and feeding behavior, we hypothesized that these brain regions could also be altered in B1-/- mice. We observed for the first time a difference in the gene expression pattern of cocaine and amphetamine related transcript (CART) in the (lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) resulting from the deletion of the kinin B1 receptor gene. The correlation between CART expression in the LHA and the thwarting of diet-induced obesity corroborates independent correlations between CART and obesity. Furthermore, it seems to indicate that the mechanism underlying the ‘lean’ phenotype of B1-/- mice does not stem solely from changes in peripheral tissues but may also receive contributions from changes in the hypothalamic machinery involved in energy homeostasis processes.
Evaluation of Aluminum Speciation Using Synthetic and Natural Samples: First Progress Report

Aluminum is the third most abundant element present in the earth's crust and is ubiquitous in both soils and aquatic sediments. When mobilized in lake and stream waters, aluminum has been shown to be toxic to various fish species. The potential for aluminum toxicity, however, is directly related to the chemical form of aluminum present in freshwater systems. The chemical speciation of aluminum is a complex problem that is dependent on a wide variety of chemical and physical conditions that exist within a natural water system. Sample pH, temperature, colloidal material, fluoride concentration, and total organic carbon (TOC) content all influence the chemical speciation and subsequent bioavailability of aluminum. The USEPA-sponsored National Surface Water Survey (NSWS) was initiated in 1984 to document the chemical and biological status of lakes and streams in the U.S. that were identified as potentially sensitive to acid deposition inputs (NAPAP Project Reference No. El-23). One of the goals of this program is to quantify the chemistry of lakes and streams throughout the United States with a focus on areas of low alkalinity waters. Many of the chemical parameters that were selected for inclusion in this survey were chosen to elucidate the factors that affect the availability of aluminum to aquatic systems. A Workshop on Analytical Methodology and Quality Assurance Protocols for the NSWS was held in Denver, Colorado in January, 1984 to review the proposed procedures for use in the survey. The participants in the workshop included prominent scientists involved with aluminum speciation studies in freshwater systems. The consensus of the participants was that several analytical methodologies have been or are being used for aluminum speciation studies and that not enough data exist to reliably compare the various procedures. As a result, the speciation data obtained from freshwater systems may be very different depending on the analytical procedures that have been used. Because of the uncertainty associated with these procedures, the workshop summary recommended that a rigorous methods intercomparison be conducted using at least six different techniques and a large number of natural samples from varied sampling locations. The attendees also recommended the use of synthetic and natural samples with and without the presence of complexing ligands to aid in the interpretation of the methods intercomparison. The results of this study would be used when analyzing historical data sets, interpreting data collected from the NSWS, and conducting future aluminum speciation studies. This project was initiated to address the recommendations of that Workshop.
THE EFFECTS OF DREDGING ON DISSOLVED OXYGEN IN AGRICULTURAL WATERWAYS IN KING COUNTY, WASHINGTON

by Elizabeth A Milburn, M.S. Washington State University May 2007 Chair: Michael E Barber Oxygen levels in streams, rivers, and lakes play an important role in habitat availability and are a good indicator of overall water system health. The purpose of this experimental study was to investigate the alterations to dissolved oxygen levels in agricultural waterways as a result of vegetation removal. This was part of a comprehensive water quality study in a series of lowflow low-gradient agricultural drainage ditches in King County, Washington. This investigation was accomplished through water quality monitoring and modeling. The monitoring portion of the study involved routine stab readings and lab analysis including diel measurements with data sondes. The EPA water quality model Qual2kw was used to model dissolved oxygen in the study reaches. In conjunction with the modeling process several parameters hypothesized to be altered as a result of dredging operations were examined in detail including channel roughness, energy gradients, sediment oxygen demand, reaeration, sedimentation, and photosynthesis. Hydraulic parameters such as channel roughness, wetted perimeter, and energy gradients were modeled using HEC-RAS software. Sediment oxygen demand was measured ex-situ in the Washington State University lab using sealed Plexiglas
The Use of Macroscopic Percolation Theory to Construct Large-Scale Capillary Pressure Curves

This paper introduces a macroscopic invasion percolation process suitable for simulating the displacement of one immiscible fluid by another through porous media under conditions of capillary-dominated flow. The theory is similar to classical percolation theory in that the structure of a real porous medium is represented as an ordered lattice, but differs in that each point of the lattice is assigned a local-scale porosity, permeability, and capillary pressure-saturation relationship, rather than microscale pore and pore throat dimensions. Unlike pore-scale percolation theory, each node of the lattice may be occupied by either one or two phases, thereby allowing bicontinua of fluids in two dimensions. To illustrate an application of the theory, both wetting and non wetting fluids are percolated through a heterogeneous porous medium while accounting for fluid trapping such that a hysteretic, large-scale capillary pressure-saturation curve is constructed. The simulations are carried out in spatially correlated, random permeability fields assuming that the local-scale capillary pressure-saturation relationships are perfectly correlated with permeability. The resulting large-scale capillary pressure curves are found to be influenced by the mean and variance of the assigned lognormal distribution of permeabilities. Very little sensitivity to the ratio of correlation lengths was observed. It is found that the threshold saturation giving rise to an initial percolating cluster of nonwetting fluid across the lattice corresponds to between 18.8% and 29.5% nonwetting saturation, depending on the statistics of the permeability field. Comparison of the percolation-derived capillary pressure curves to those based on a direct arithmetic average demonstrates that an arithmetic average is only valid through the range of fluid saturations where no trapping occurs.
Improving the Local Wavenumber Method by the DEXP Transformation

In this paper we present an improvement to the local wavenumber method able to overcome its instability caused by the use of high-order derivatives. We make use of the stable properties of the Depth from EXtreme Points (DEXP) method, in which the depth to the source is determined at the extreme points of the field scaled with a power law of altitude. As DEXP transformation is applied to the local wavenumber function, we show that the scaling law is independent on the structural index. This allows the technique to be fully automatic, so that it may be implemented as a very fast imaging method, mapping every source, of different homogeneity degree, at the correct depth.
Krauklis Wave: Half a Century After

Half a century after the original publication by Pavel Krauklis in 1962, the slow fluid wave in a fracture filled by fluid has got the name of its discoverer. This is the seventh personal name given to an elastic wave and which is now standing in a row with other remarkable scientists: Rayleigh, Love, Lamb, Stoneley, Scholte, Biot. The Krauklis wave is a slow dispersive wave mode that propagates in a fluid layer bounded by elastic media. There are indications that Krauklis wave plays a significant role in a variety of wave propagation phenomena in seismology, acoustics, engineering and hearing physiology. It is distinct by its large amplitudes, high dispersion and confinement to the fractures filled with fluid. In the prospecting seismology Krauklis wave might be an important component of the hydro-fracturing process, seismic wave propagation in fractured reservoirs, and fracture detection.
Nonparametric Preference Completion

We consider the task of collaborative preference completion: given a pool of items, a pool of users and a partially observed item-user rating matrix, the goal is to recover the \emph{personalized ranking} of each user over all of the items. Our approach is nonparametric: we assume that each item $i$ and each user $u$ have unobserved features $x_i$ and $y_u$, and that the associated rating is given by $g_u(f(x_i,y_u))$ where $f$ is Lipschitz and $g_u$ is a monotonic transformation that depends on the user. We propose a $k$-nearest neighbors-like algorithm and prove that it is consistent. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first consistency result for the collaborative preference completion problem in a nonparametric setting. Finally, we demonstrate the performance of our algorithm with experiments on the Netflix and Movielens datasets.
TKHomeSys: Expert Evaluation for Homestay Booking System using UID Theory

Nowadays, User Interface Design (UID) is one of the important elements that must be applied in the booking system. Usually, Teratak Kayu Homestay uses the manual system to handle and manage the reservation record and report in a logbook. The current process leads to many problems which are difficult to search customer booking details, difficult for the staff to reach all customer at one time and profit loss due to booking cancellation. Development of IT in terms of processing and distribution of knowledge promises of changing business process of organization from traditional methods to new modern advance form [1]. Homestay Booking System (TKHomeSys) is a project that is developed for Teratak Kayu Homestay to improve the old system which is manual system. The system would manage and handle all processes related to customer, booking, and payment in computerized. Thus, Adapted Waterfall Model is used as guidance in developing process. The expert evaluation has been conducted by two (2) experts who have well knowledge in computer and IT field. The result from evaluation would be used for enhancement and upgrading the system. In conclusion, Teratak Kayu Homestay Booking System (TKHomeSys) can give more advantages to users and can contribute more in revolution of better homestay reservation system.
Non-Photorealistic Rendering mit Hilfe der GPU

Zunachst soll das Thema Non-Photorealistic Rendering vorgestellt werden, bevor auf die Theorie der implementierten Verfahren eingegangen wird. Im Vergleich zur klassischen Graphik-Pipeline wird anschliesend auf die Pipeline-Stufen eingegangen, die sich bei moderner Graphikhardware programmieren lassen. Mit Cg wird eine Shader-Hochsprache prasentiert, die zur Programmierung von Graphikkarten eingesetzt wird. Danach wird die Graphikbibliothek Direct3D und das Framework DXUT vorgestellt. Vom softwaretechnischen Entwurf ausgehend, wird die Implementierung der einzelnen Verfahren des Non-Photorealistic Rendering dargestellt. Anschliesend wird die Planung und Realisierung der Benutzerschnittstelle erlautert. Die erzielten Ergebnisse werden anhand von Bildschirmphotos aufgezeigt und es wird kurz auf die Darstellungsgeschwindigkeit eingegangen. Abschliesend sollen sinnvolle Erweiterungen des Programms und interessante Verfahren, die nicht implementiert wurden, erlautert werden.
A Review of EPIC Model and Its Applications

Crop growth model is a useful tool for quantitative evaluation of crop production potentials.Since its study was first published in 1985,EPIC model has been widely used in the world because of its powerful functionality.In this paper,the main structure,function and data requirements were firstly summarized,and then the model applications in the world and China were reviewed.In China,since the first application in 2001,the EPIC model was used to evaluate crop yield potentials,quantify effects of irrigation and climate change on crop production,estimate nutrient losses and soil carbon storage,and predict soil losses.Finally,a brief discussion and suggestions were given on the model use.
The prosogram: semi-automatic transcription of prosody based on a tonal perception model

This paper describes a system for semi-automatic tr anscription of prosody based on a stylization of the fundamenta l frequency data (contour) for vocalic (or syllabic) nuclei. Th e stylization is a simulation of tonal perception of human listen ers. The system requires a time-aligned phonetic annotation. The transcription has been applied to several speech co rpora.
Currency Unions, Economic Fluctuations and Adjustment: Some Empirical Evidence

This paper compares sources of disturbances to output and labour market adjustment in the US currency union compared to a set of EU countries. Comparable datasets comprising 1-digit sectoral data for 8 US regions and 8 European countries are constructed and used to study the relative importance of industry-specific, region-specific, and aggregate shocks to output growth. Both areas are subject to similar overall disturbances although a disaggregated perspective reveals some differences. The major difference, however, is in labour market adjustment. Inter-regional labour mobility appears to be a much more important adjustment mechanism in the United States, which has a more integrated labour market than the EU.
Attenuation of Behavioral Effects of Cocaine by the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 Antagonist 2-Methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)-pyridine in Squirrel Monkeys: Comparison with Dizocilpine

Growing evidence suggests a role for metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in the behavioral effects of cocaine related to its abuse. The mGluR5 subtype, in particular, has come under scrutiny due to its distribution in brain regions associated with drug addiction. This study investigated interactions between the selective mGluR5 antagonist 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)-pyridine (MPEP) and cocaine in squirrel monkeys whose lever-pressing behavior was 1) maintained under a second-order schedule of cocaine self-administration, 2) extinguished and then reinstated by cocaine priming, and 3) controlled by the discriminative stimulus (DS) effects of cocaine. Additional studies determined the effects of MPEP on unconditioned behaviors, coordination, and muscle resistance. In each experiment, the effects of MPEP were compared with those of the N-methyl-d-aspartate antagonist dizocilpine. MPEP attenuated cocaine self-administration, cocaine-induced reinstatement of drug seeking, and the DS effects of cocaine at doses that did not markedly impair motor function or operant behavior in the context of drug discrimination. Dizocilpine also attenuated cocaine self-administration, but it did not significantly alter cocaine-induced reinstatement of drug seeking, and it enhanced rather than attenuated the DS effects of cocaine. The findings point to a significant contribution of mGluR5 mechanisms in the behavioral effects of cocaine related to its abuse and suggest that MPEP has properties of a functional cocaine antagonist, which are not secondary to antagonism at NMDA receptors. The contrasting interactions of MPEP and dizocilpine with cocaine imply that glutamate acting through different metabotropic and ionotropic receptors may modulate the behavioral effects of cocaine in qualitatively different ways.