Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human Neuroscience

Around this age, children succeed for instance in pulling a handle simultaneously with a peer (Brownell et al., 2006) or in reaching for an object when an adult makes it available (Warneken et al., 2006). Three-year-olds, but not younger children, successfully master more complex cooperation tasks which for example involve complementary roles for the two action partners (Ashley and Tomasello, 1998). Around the same age, developmental changes in related social-cognitive skills can be observed. Emerging social-cognitive skills in domains such as action understanding, action execution control, and action monitoring are thought to play an important role in joint action coordination. By the age of 3 years, children begin to differentiate various levels as underlying causes for others' actions such as psychological or biological motives, and they begin to integrate actions they have observed in others with actions from their own repertoire (Flavell, 1999; Williamson et al., 2008). During preschool years, young children acquire the ability to control their actions by overriding prepotent responses and established actions (see Garon et al., 2008, for a review). The emergence of action execution control including inhibitory response control is linked to developmental changes in the prosocial behavior of 3-and 4-year-olds (Moore et al., 1998). In addition to executive control, action monitoring plays an important role in successful joint actions with others (Bekkering et al., 2009). In the context of problem-solving amongst peers, 3-year-olds have been found to pay particular attention to their action partner's actions which are directed at solving a given task. Although younger children also watch their partner, they do not show this selective monitoring but rather general social attention (see Gauvain, 2001, for a review). Also, the frequency of coordinated acts among peers was found to increase substantially between 16 and 32 months of age (Eckerman et al., 1989). In sum, previous studies provide us with general information on the age range within which children
Accuracy of crop-shelter thematic maps: A case study of maps obtained by spectral and textural classification of high-resolution satellite images

Accuracy assessment procedures are usually recommended in land-use/land-cover change studies to ascertain the quality of thematic maps produced by means of automated image classification methods. In this regard, the error matrix and accompanying accuracy measures (AMs) are widely used. Concerning thematic maps of crop-shelter coverage (CSC), high-resolution remote sensing images have been found to be suitable for the automated classification of greenhouses and several methodologies have been developed. However, methods to report the thematic map accuracy derived from these classifications still need to be standardized. Therefore, this study was undertaken with the aim to provide guidelines for determining a set of AMs suitable to report the accuracy of CSC thematic maps produced at local scale. In the case study, QuickBird RGB-band layers were combined with textural information computed on degraded QuickBird panchromatic layer to perform CSC supervised classifications in a study area located in South-Eastern Sicily (Italy) where protected cultivation is widespread. Statistical tests were performed on a number of AMs computed on the error matrices obtained from the automated image classifications of three different areas selected within the study area. The results of this study showed that user’s accuracy was not influenced by the area selection and, therefore, can be used to report the accuracy of CSC thematic maps obtained by automated image classifications of other areas located within the study area. All the obtained classifications differed from a random one; and the use of textural information generally improved classifications’ accuracy in comparison to that obtained by using only RGB-band layers.
Human Neuroscience

The brain's sense of walking: a study on the intertwine between locomotor imagery and internal locomotor models in healthy adults, typically developing children and children with cerebral palsy Motor imagery and internal motor models have been deeply investigated in literature. It is well known that the development of motor imagery occurs during adolescence and it is limited in people affected by cerebral palsy. However, the roles of motor imagery and internal models in locomotion as well as their intertwine received poor attention. In this study we compared the performances of healthy adults (n = 8, 28.1 ± 5.1 years old), children with typical development (n = 8, 8.1 ± 3.8 years old) and children with cerebral palsy (CCP) (n = 12, 7.5 ± 2.9 years old), measured by an optoelectronic system and a trunk-mounted wireless inertial magnetic unit, during three different tasks. Subjects were asked to achieve a target located at 2 or 3 m in front of them simulating their walking by stepping in place, or actually walking blindfolded or normally walking with open eyes. Adults performed a not significantly different number of steps (p = 0.761) spending not significantly different time between tasks (p = 0.156). Children with typical development showed task-dependent differences both in terms of number of steps (p = 0.046) and movement time (p = 0.002). However, their performance in simulated and blindfolded walking (BW) were strictly correlated (R = 0.871 for steps, R = 0.673 for time). Further, their error in BW was in mean only of −2.2% of distance. Also CCP showed significant differences in number of steps (p = 0.022) and time (p < 0.001), but neither their number of steps nor their movement time recorded during simulated walking (SW) were found correlated with those of blindfolded and normal walking (NW). Adults used a unique strategy among different tasks. Children with typical development seemed to be less reliable on their motor predictions, using a task-dependent strategy probably more reliable on sensorial feedback. CCP showed less efficient performances, especially in SW, suggesting an altered locomotor imagery.
Human Neuroscience

Theta and alpha rhythms are anatomically and functionally distinct as evidenced by their different spatial distributions in scalp electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) (see Onton et al., 2005; Palva and Palva, 2007) and their differential elicitation in event-related behavioral designs (Klimesch, 1999). In humans, theta amplitude has a characteristic frontocentral distribution (see Figure 3A) and may be related to recurrent coac-tivation between frontal cortex and the anterior cingulate (Asada et al., 1999) and/or the hippocampus (Siapas et al., 2005; Mitchell et al., 2008). In contrast, alpha amplitude has a more posterior focus over visual cortical areas (see Figure 3B). Previous EEG/ MEG research has found that theta amplitude increases over fron-tocentral regions during cognitively demanding tasks (e.g., working memory) that scales with cognitive load (Jensen and Tesche, 2002; Meltzer et al., 2007) whereas alpha amplitude is greater over visual areas during visual tasks (Schürmann and Bas¸ar, 1994) and may be affected by the loss of top-down facilitation from frontal regions including the basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex (Voytek et al., in press). While alpha amplitude over visual cortex indexes memory load (Jensen et al., 2002), posterior alpha phase influences visual attention such that subjects make fewer attention errors to targets that appear during specific alpha phases (Busch et al., 2009; Mathewson et al., 2009). We sought to extend these findings by examining whether a sub-ject's behavioral state affected the preferred high gamma amplitude coupling frequency. Although previous research has shown that high gamma activity is modulated by the phase of theta or alpha rhythms, it has not been shown whether the low coupling frequency for PAC phase changes in a task-dependent manner. To examine this we tested two patients with implanted subdural electrodes covering
Traffic and tillage effects on wheat production on the Loess Plateau of China: 1. Crop yield and SOM

Challenges for dryland farming on the Loess Plateau of China are continuous nutrient loss, low soil organic matter and crop yield, and soil degradation. Controlled traffic, combined with zero or minimum tillage and residue cover, has been proposed to improve soil structure and crop yield. From 1998 to 2006, we conducted a field experiment comparing soil organic matter and wheat productivity between controlled traffic and conventional tillage farming systems. The field experiment was conducted using 2 controlled traffic treatments (zero tillage with residue cover and no compaction, shallow tillage with residue cover and no compaction) and a conventional tillage treatment. Results showed that controlled traffic treatments significantly increased soil organic matter and microbial biomass in the 0–0.30 m soil profile. Controlled traffic with zero tillage significantly increased total N in the 0–0.05 m soil profile. The mean yield over 8 years of controlled traffic treatments was >10% greater than that of conventional tillage. Controlled traffic farming appears to be a solution to the cropping problems faced on the Loess Plateau of China.
Human Neuroscience

and more time spent in peer interactions (Howes and Phillipsen, 1998). By 7–8 years children begin to predict the behavior of others based on past experiences (Rholes et al., 1990), and are able to understand and employ non-literal language, such as sarcasm and irony (Demorest et al., 1984). Social decision making and judgments emerge later, in early adolescence (Dodge et al., 2002), and adolescents spend almost a third of their waking hours in social interactions with their peers (Csikszentmihaly and Larson, 1984). During this protracted developmental process, any disruption that impacts on normal maturation processes will have the capacity to impair future progress. It is likely that social function will be dependent on many factors – both environmental and biological. The infl uences of family and environmental factors for social development are well established (Ladd and Pettit, 2002). Findings emerging from the social neurosciences suggest that brain-related factors also need to be considered. An example of such a 'disruption' in childhood is brain insult which can result in serious and permanent consequences , in areas such as cognition and academic performance
Human Neuroscience

and B tones and that when ∆F is large, they hear the sequence as two isochronous streams, one of A tones and one of B tones evoked by sequences with intermediate ∆F are bistable (i.e., can be heard as either one stream or two) and can switch between two stable states, either spontaneously or with effort Recent interest in the neural underpinnings of auditory streaming has produced several studies using ABA tone sequences while recording from the auditory cortex in a variety of species includ-A prevailing model from these studies posits that a two-stream percept will be evoked whenever the A and B tones excite non-overlapping populations of
Human Neuroscience

continuously extracted set of feature values, and therefore that the event boundaries that are identified depend on the explicit strategies of the perceiver when attending to event boundaries. A limited body of research has tested the proposals that event segmentation is an automatic component of ongoing behavior, and that event boundaries occur at feature changes. Behavioral studies of event segmentation provide indirect support for the proposal that it is automatic. When people are asked to segment an ongoing activity into events, their segmentation shows good inter-subjective agreement as to the locations of event boundaries, their boundaries cluster hierarchically into events and sub-events, and individual differences in segmentation show significant test–retest reliability (for a review, see Zacks et al., 2007). However, deliberate performance of a segmentation task can only tell so much about information processing in the absence of the task. More direct evidence comes from non-invasive measures of brain activity. In one study, participants watched movies of everyday activities while brain activity was measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The participants then segmented the movies by watching them again and pressing a button whenever, in their judgment , one event ended and another began. During passive viewing, activity increased in a number of brain regions at those points that participants later identified as event boundaries (Zacks et al., 2001a). Similar results have been observed using electroencepha-lography (Sharp et al., 2007) and oculomotor behaviors (Swallow and Zacks, 2006). Using fMRI, researchers have measured evoked brain responses at event boundaries in music (Sridharan et al., 2007). Thus, the available data are consistent with the proposal that event segmentation is an automatic component of normal
Reset-based Recovery Mechanism through Entropy Cutoff to Counter BUS-OFF Attacks

Internal communication for healthy working systems is crucial. A controller area network (CAN) is such a tool for vehicles. We proposed a method to respond to BUS-OFF attacks that happen either due to malicious message injection or through firmware overrides in the CAN controller. The proposed entropy-based BUS-OFF attack detection impacts the states in which the compromised CAN controller operates.
Association between dietary inflammatory index score and incident dementia: results from the Framingham heart Study offspring cohort

Background: The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), has been specifically designed to capture the inflammatory content of diet and has shown association with neurodegenerative disease related outcomes. But literature is limited on the role of diet-driven inflammation measured by the DII on incident all-cause dementia and Alzheimer's disease dementia (AD). Objective: We evaluated whether higher DII scores were associated with increased incidence of all-cause dementia and AD over 22.3 years of follow-up in the community-based Framingham Heart Study (FHS) Offspring cohort. Design, Setting, and Participants Observational longitudinal study in the FHS Offspring cohort. Dementia surveillance for present study: until 2020. Data were analyzed from December 2020 to June 2022. Participants completed a validated 126-item food frequency questionnaires (FFQ), administered at FHS examination cycle 7 (1998-2001) and examination cycle 5 (1991-1995), and/or 6 (1995-1998). Individuals aged <60 years, with prevalent dementia, no dementia follow-up, other relevant neurological diseases, and/or no FFQ data were excluded. Exposure A DII score (based on the published method by Shivappa et al. 2014) was created based on previous studies linking individual dietary factors to six inflammatory markers (i.e. C-reactive protein, interleukin (IL)-1 beta;, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha), consisting of 36 components. A cumulative DII score was calculated by averaging across a maximum of three FFQs. Main outcomes and measures Incident all-cause dementia and AD. Results We included 1487 participants (mean age in years 69 (SD=6);53.2% women;31.6% college graduates]). 246 participants developed all-cause dementia (including AD n=187) over a median follow up time of 13.1 years. Higher DII scores were associated with an increased incidence of all-cause dementia and AD following adjustment for age and sex (Hazard ratio (HR)1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07 to 1.25,p<. 001;HR1.16, 95% CI1.06 to 1.26,p=. 001). The relationships remained after additional adjustment for demographic, lifestyle, and clinical covariates (HR1.21, 95% CI1.10 to 1.33,p<0.001;HR1.20, 95% CI1.07 to 1.35,p=.001). Conclusion and relevance Higher DII scores were associated with a higher risk of incident all-cause dementia and AD. Although these promising findings need to be replicated and further validated, our results suggest that diets which correlate with low DII scores may prevent late-life dementia.
Near-surface Qs and Qp estimations from Rayleigh waves using multi-channel analysis of surface waves (MASW) at an Arctic ice-sheet site

Summary We analyze seismic data acquired on the Jakobshavn Glacier, Greenland for reflection surveys. With the use of the multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) seismic method Rayleigh-wave attenuation versus frequency curves were measured and inverted not only for shear-wave quality factor Qs but also for compressional-wave quality factor Qp, which was possible as a result of the favorable relationship between the compressional (P)-wave (Vp) and shear (S)-wave velocity (Vs), i.e.,Vp /Vs ratio <2.2 typical for ice sheets. Changes in the a-priori Vp model used for the inversion had little impact on the resulting Qs, but impacted the Qp results, while still preserving the overall Qp trend. This suggests that Qs can be estimated with higher degree of reliability even when Vp errors are assumed. As well, this research showed the benefits of the seismic method for studying glaciers, i.e., that a single seismic survey can provide 3 sets of parameters, Vp reflection results, Vs sections, and Qs and Qp sections.
An Analysis of the Wind Power Penetration Effect on Reduction the Harmonics Spread in Steady State Condition

In the development of Renewable Energy Source, there are very crucial challenges that must be faced. One of the challenges and characteristics of renewable energy sources is its intermittent nature, especially in Wind Power Plants. The intermittent nature can affect the power quality and frequency stability generated by wind power. The penetration wind power will certainly have an effect of the power flow electrical system. One of the problems that can occur in an electrical system is the spread of harmonics due to the use of non-linear loads on the system. This research consists of two scenarios, the first is simulation with injection of harmonic sources on buses serving industrial load without integrated with wind power and the second scenario is simulation of harmonic spread after penetration of wind power. Both scenarios are carried out with the assumption of steady state system conditions. This simulation is programmed using MATLAB R2017b. This research shows that the inclusion of wind power in the system causes a decrease in the value of THD v on some buses, but the total active power losses increase if the load value on the system remains constant.
Contemporary Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine Cholesterol Efflux and Atheroprotection Advancing the Concept of Reverse Cholesterol Transport

Robert S. Rosenson, MD; H. Bryan Brewer, Jr, MD; W. Sean Davidson, PhD; Zahi A. Fayad, PhD;Valentin Fuster, MD, PhD; James Goldstein, MD; Marc Hellerstein, MD, PhD;Xian-Cheng Jiang, PhD; Michael C. Phillips, PhD; Daniel J. Rader, MD; Alan T. Remaley, MD, PhD;George H. Rothblat, PhD; Alan R. Tall, MD; Laurent Yvan-Charvet, PhD
MIRACLE: Inverse Reinforcement and Curriculum Learning Model for Human-inspired Mobile Robot Navigation

In emergency scenarios, mobile robots must navigate like humans, interpreting stimuli to locate potential victims rapidly without interfering with first responders. Existing socially-aware navigation algorithms face computational and adaptability challenges. To overcome these, we propose a solution, MIRACLE -- an inverse reinforcement and curriculum learning model, that employs gamified learning to gather stimuli-driven human navigational data. This data is then used to train a Deep Inverse Maximum Entropy Reinforcement Learning model, reducing reliance on demonstrator abilities. Testing reveals a low loss of 2.7717 within a 400-sized environment, signifying human-like response replication. Current databases lack comprehensive stimuli-driven data, necessitating our approach. By doing so, we enable robots to navigate emergency situations with human-like perception, enhancing their life-saving capabilities.
University of Memphis Digital Commons University of Memphis Digital Commons

Circadian rhythms in mammalian physiology and behavior are generated through coherent rhythmic crosstalk between the central clock in the brain and peripheral clocks throughout the organs in our body. The molecular clocks responsible for these intrinsic rhythmic oscillations work based on interlocked transcription/translation feedback loops, which work together with various environmental and metabolic cues to produce internal 24-hour timing. This project established a stable cellular circadian clock model using the C2C12 cell line. This genetically tractable model contains an integrated luciferase reporter, which enables continuous luminescence recording of each circadian cycle. In order to examine this cellular circadian model, I created a panel of short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) targeting ten of the primary known clock genes ( Bmal1, Clock, Per1, Per2, Per3, Cry1, Cry2, Nr1d1, Nr1d2, Fbxl3 ). I evaluated their functional role in circadian rhythm generation. Knockdown of Bmal1 resulted in arrhythmicity. Knockdown of the Clock caused a shorter period length and a lower amplitude. Knockdown of Per1 resulted in shorter period lengths and Knockdown of Per2 resulted in shorter period and high amplitude. Per3 knockdown caused a high amplitude phenotype. Knockdown of Cry2 caused short period length and higher amplitude. On the other hand, the knockdown of Cry1 led to lower amplitude. Knock down of Nr1d1 , and Fbxl3 both resulted in lower amplitude with no changes in period length. In summary, I established a cellular clock model of the C2C12 cell line, which is amenable to genetic manipulation and would be ideal for studying the crosstalk between clock and muscle physiology and metabolism.