Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Manipulation and Dynamics at the Atomic Scale: A Dual Use of the Scanning Tunneling Microscopy

(238) surface. By thermally activatedhopping of neighboring adatoms to the vacant site, the produced single-atom vacancy diffuses onthe surface. From statistical analysis of the adatom conﬁgurations observed around the vacancy, wedetermine tiny (,0.15 eV) differences in free energy between the conﬁgurations. A linear increase ofthe conﬁguration free energy with the number of adatoms located at metastable
Challenges of UV light processing of low UVT foods and beverages

Ultraviolet (UV) technology holds promise as a low cost non-thermal alternative to heat pasteurization of liquid foods and beverages. However, its application for foods is still limited due to low UV transmittance (LUVT). LUVT foods have a diverse range of chemical (pH, Brix, Aw), physical (density and viscosity) and optical properties (absorbance and scattering) that are critical for systems and process designs. The commercially available UV sources tested for foods include low and medium pressure mercury lamps (LPM and MPM), excimer and pulsed lamps (PUV). The LPM and excimer lamps are monochromatic sources whereas emission of MPM and PUV is polychromatic. The optimized design of UV-systems and UV-sources with parameters that match to specific product spectra have a potential to make UV treatments of LUVT foods more effective and will serve its further commercialization. In order to select UV source for specific food application, processing effects on nutritional, quality, sensorial and safety markers have to be evaluated. This paper will review current status of UV technology for food processing along with regulatory requirements. Discussion of approaches and results of measurements of chemico-physical and optical properties of various foods (fresh juices, milk, liquid whey proteins and sweeteners) that are critical for UV process and systems design will follow. Available UV sources did not prove totally effective either resulting in low microbial reduction or UV over-dosing of the product thereby leading to sensory changes. Beam shaping of UV light presents new opportunities to improve dosage uniformity and delivery of UV photons in LUVT foods.
Molecular dynamics simulation of tensile deformation behavior of single-crystal Fe–Cr–Al before and after irradiation

Fe–Cr–Al alloy is one of the candidate materials for reactor fuel cladding due to excellent high-temperature oxidation resistance; however, it has significant irradiation embrittlement and hardening. To understand the effect of Cr and Al and the defects (point defects, clusters, and nanocracks) produced from radiation damage on the mechanical properties, the uniaxial tensile property of single-crystal Fe–Cr–Al is investigated. The results show that, due to the presence of Cr and Al, the phase transformation from body-centered-cubic to face-centered-cubic is impeded and the formation of defects and amorphous structures is promoted, leading to the reduction of Young’s modulus and the ultimate tensile stress. Interstitials are the main factor in Frenkel pairs contributing to the reduction of mechanical properties due to the high shear stress and lattice distortion. The collapse of the nanocrack causes the increase of Young’s modulus and the decrease of the ultimate tensile strength. Graphical abstract
IMPLIKASI ELEKTRONIK WORD OF MOUTH DALAM MEMBANGUN TREND PEMBELIAN THRIFT PADA ECOMMERCE

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana elektronik word of mouth dalam mendorong trend thriftshop, untuk mengetahui cara elektronik word of mouth dalam meningkatkan pemasran thrift shop, dan untukmengetahui cara elektronik word of mouth dalam mendorong minat beli produk thrift. Penelitian ini menggunakanpenelitian kualitatif, guna mengetahui dan memberikan gambaran tentang permasalahan yang sedang terjadi, dalampenelitian kualitatif pengumpulan data didapatkan dari fakta-fakta yang diperoleh saat dilapangan.Hasilmenunjukkan bahwa trend thrifting dipengaruhi oleh elektornik word of mouth, sehingga masyarakt terutama anakusia muda tertarik untuk membeli produk yang dijual. dan dengan adanya word of mouth sebagai strategi yangmemberikan keuntungan bagi penjual, karena mereka tidak harus mengejar bola, sehingga dapat menghemat waktudan biaya. Penggunaan produk thrift dianggap sebgai anak gaul kekinian yang berakibat pada pembelian produkthrift secara terus-menerus.Pemasaran melaui ecommerce untuk menjual produk thrift menjadi fenomena tersendiri,kemudahan untuk menjula prudk yang tidak dapat mereka jual secara langsung hanya berdasarkan katalogyagndifoto pada ecoomerce sekalipun. review dan feedback yang diberikan oleh pelanggan menjadi bagian yangsangat penting untuk mendorong penigkatan penjualan informan. Minat beli produk thrift berkaitand engan tujuanmembeli, hasil dari eWOM sebelumnya yang dirasakan pelanggan.keadaan ekonomi yang terjadi pada pembeli,sehingga mereka membeli prduknya sendiri. informasi yang didapatkan melalui eWOM yang berasal dari updatestory pelanggan dan posting melalui media sosial dapat mendorng penggan untuk tertarik membeli
Getting Out Of A Tight Spot: Physics Of Flow Through Porous Materials

We also use double emulsions, drops within drops, as templates to form another class of microcapsule – drops coated with thin, porous, polymer shells. We investigate how, under sufficient osmotic pressure, these microcapsules buckle, and show how the inhomogeneity in the shell structure can guide the folding pathway taken by a microcapsule as it buckles. Finally, we study the expansion and rupture of microcapsules under the influence of electrostatic forces. For both buckling and expansion, we show that the deformation dynamics can be understood by coupling shell theory with Darcy’s law for flow through the porous microcapsule shell.
Activités de réminiscence dans la maladie d’Alzheimer : analyse des gestes en situation d’échanges dyadiques.

Reminiscence activities in Alzheimer's disease: analysis of gestures in a situation of dyadic exchanges. Communication disorders are among the first symptoms to appear in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of our study was to study the communication strategies used by a person with AD during dyadic exchanges eliciting reminiscences, also taking into account individual variables, such as the personality of the participant or the stage of the disease. Our results show an increase in non-verbal behaviors, positive to exchanges, between the first two interviews, such as an appearance or an increase in illustrative gestures and a decrease in adaptive gestures (e.g., a marked decrease in swaying or agitation). These behaviors were also maintained during the last meeting, for all five participants. Emotional involvement also remained strong during the last meeting.
The voice of Twitter: observable subjective well-being inferred from tweets in Russian

As one of the major platforms of communication, social networks have become a valuable source of opinions and emotions. Considering that sharing of emotions offline and online is quite similar, historical posts from social networks seem to be a valuable source of data for measuring observable subjective well-being (OSWB). In this study, we calculated OSWB indices for the Russian-speaking segment of Twitter using the Affective Social Data Model for Socio-Technical Interactions. This model utilises demographic information and post-stratification techniques to make the data sample representative, by selected characteristics, of the general population of a country. For sentiment analysis, we fine-tuned RuRoBERTa-Large on RuSentiTweet and achieved new state-of-the-art results of F1 = 0.7229. Several calculated OSWB indicators demonstrated moderate Spearman’s correlation with the traditional survey-based net affect (rs = 0.469 and rs = 0.5332, p < 0.05) and positive affect (rs = 0.5177 and rs = 0.548, p < 0.05) indices in Russia.
Quantum systems that follow classical dynamics

For a special class of potentials, the dynamical evolution of any quantum wavepacket is entirely determined by the laws of classical mechanics. Here, the properties of this class are investigated both from the viewpoint of the Ehrenfest theorem (which provides the evolution of the average position and momentum), and the Wigner representation (which expresses quantum mechanics in a phase space formalism). Finally, these results are extended to the case of a charged particle in a uniform magnetic field.
The quantum mechanical few‐body problem

A solution to quantum mechanical problems of two, three, and four bodies is discussed from the point of view of two‐body harmonic oscillator forces. An exact solution to the three‐ and four‐body problems is found for harmonic oscillator forces, assuming equal masses. The aim of the discussion is to make students aware of the real difficulties of the few‐body problem.
Illumination change adaptive tracking based on color centroid shifting

In this paper, we propose a stable illumination change adaptive tracking algorithm in which the color model update and the target localization are mutually constrained to each other. The mutual constraint is the result of sharing the same five-dimensional feature space, where the feature vector is composed of the three color components and the x,y coordinates of pixels inside the target region. The use of the five-dimensional feature vector introduces spatiality in the color model update, i.e., the re-clustering of the feature space is constrained by the spatial location of the pixels corresponding to the target color. The spatial constraint on the color model update is also due to the use of a window which contains the pixels used in the color model update, where the location of the window is decided by the current target location. The color model update is performed by a five-dimensional mean shift-based clustering algorithm. The update in the color components in the five-dimensional feature vector handles the illumination change in the colors in the target region. The five-dimensional mean shift-based clustering updates also the x,y coordinates in the five-dimensional vector, and thus constrains the target localization. The target localization uses the x,y coordinates of the mean vectors of the five-dimensional vectors corresponding to each color bin. The target location is computed as a minimizer of a proposed energy functional, which is proposed such that the relative spatial locations of the mean vectors are considered in the target localization. The mutual constraint of the color model update and the target localization makes the tracking stable under various situations such as global illumination change, partial occlusion, and cluttered background. It can stably track the target even in the appearance of major background colors that are also major colors of the target object.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONCEPT FOR THE COMPUTATIONAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE IN THE CUSTOMER SERVICE SYSTEMS

Background. To date, there is no customer service system that does not involve information and computer systems. One of the most important issues in ensuring the reliability and reliability of such systems is the task of dynamic scaling and providing the required amount of computing resources at any time. This study was focused on the planning and deployment of computing infrastructure that is able to respond to significantly increased volumes of request flows, changes in the dynamics of load intensity, strict requirements for the quality of their service, etc. Objective. The purpose of the paper is to create a concept of virtual computing space to meet the needs of distributed customer service system, which takes into account the peculiarities of service, the computing node load nature, service quality requirements, and provides energy efficient. Developed models, methods will control the performance of distributed computing infrastructure and flow maintenance processes, reduce downtime of computing resources and provide services to end users at a given level of quality. Methods. Analysis of the operation of the node load assessment mechanism, which consists in a dynamic change in the intensity of control of the state of function nodes, showed the effectiveness of planning for a group of computing nodes. Results. The proposed approach to managing a heterogeneous computation environment to improve the efficiency of the service maintenance process in new generation systems is a unified solution for highly loaded distributed systems. The developed concept made it possible to avoid a decrease in the quality of service during surges of congestion and to maintain the indicators of the quality of service at a given level, provided that the resource utilization ratio is kept within the given limits Conclusions. In summary, a mathematical model of the problem of determining the maximum allowable load volume with a QoS level guarantee for a service node in a heterogeneous telecommunications environment was proposed.
Cognition and Neuropsychological Changes at Altitude—A Systematic Review of Literature

High-altitude (HA) exposure affects cognitive functions, but studies have found inconsistent results. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effects of HA exposure on cognitive functions in healthy subjects. A structural overview of the applied neuropsychological tests was provided with a classification of superordinate cognitive domains. A literature search was performed using PubMed up to October 2021 according to PRISMA guidelines. Eligibility criteria included a healthy human cohort exposed to altitude in the field (at minimum 2440 m [8000 ft]) or in a hypoxic environment in a laboratory, and an assessment of cognitive domains. The literature search identified 52 studies (29 of these were field studies; altitude range: 2440 m–8848 m [8000–29,029 ft]). Researchers applied 112 different neuropsychological tests. Attentional capacity, concentration, and executive functions were the most frequently studied. In the laboratory, the ratio of altitude-induced impairments (64.7%) was twice as high compared to results showing no change or improved results (35.3%), but altitudes studied were similar in the chamber compared to field studies. In the field, the opposite results were found (66.4 % no change or improvements, 33.6% impairments). Since better acclimatization can be assumed in the field studies, the findings support the hypothesis that sufficient acclimatization has beneficial effects on cognitive functions at HA. However, it also becomes apparent that research in this area would benefit most if a consensus could be reached on a standardized framework of freely available neurocognitive tests.
Investigation of the Random Telegraph Noise Instability in Scaled Flash Memory Arrays

This paper investigates the main features of the random telegraph noise statistical instability in Flash memory arrays. The exponential tails introduced in the cumulative distribution of the threshold voltage variation between two subsequent read operations on the cells are shown to be preserved when the available statistics is increased. Large threshold voltage instabilities are therefore to be admitted, requiring the possibility for large random telegraph noise fluctuation amplitudes and the superposition of multi-trap random telegraph noise effects. Moreover, tails drift for increasing elapsed time between the compared read operations due to the activation of slower and slower traps in the random telegraph noise process, whose effect should be carefully considered in drawing reliability projections. Finally, the results for an early and an optimized NOR process are presented, showing non-negligible differences in their exponential tails behavior and revealing the existence of important parameters other than the technology node feature size having a significant impact on the random telegraph noise instability.
The Growth of Structural Equation Modeling: 1994-2001

This study examines the growth and development of structural equation modeling (SEM) from the years 1994 to 2001. The synchronous development and growth of the Structural Equation Modeling journal was also examined. Abstracts located on PsycINFO were used as the primary source of data. The major results of this investigation were clear: (a) The number of journal articles concerned with SEM increased; (b) the number of journals publishing these articles increased; (c) SEM acquired hegemony among multivariate techniques; and (d) Structural Equation Modeling became the primary source of publication for technical developments in SEM.
360° free space fluorescence molecular tomography using silhouette surface reconstruction

Complete projection (360°) free-space fluorescence tomography of opaque media is poised to enable highly performing three-dimensional imaging through entire small animals in-vivo. This approach can lead to a new generation of Fluorescence Molecular Tomography (FMT) systems since it allows high spatial sampling of photon fields propagating through tissue at any projection, employing non-constricted animal surfaces. Key features of this development is the implementation of non-contact illumination, for example by using beam scanning techniques for light delivery on the tissue surface and direct non-contact imaging with CCD cameras. Similarly, the development of free-space geometries, i.e. implementations that do not utilize immersion of the animal in matching fluids are essential for obtaining appropriate experimental simplicity and avoid unnecessary diffusion through scattering matching media. To facilitate these developments it is important to retrieve the three-dimensional surface and a common coordinate system for the illumination system, the detection system and the animal. Herein, we employ a volume carving method to capture three-dimensional surfaces of diffusive objects from its silhouettes and register the captured surface in the geometry of an FMT 360°-projection acquisition system to obtain three-dimensional fluorescence image reconstructions. Using experimental measurements we evaluate the accuracy of the surface capture procedure by reconstructing the surfaces of phantoms of known dimensions and demonstrate how this surface extraction method can be utilized in an FMT inversion scheme. We then employ this methodology to characterize the animal movement of anaesthetized animals and study the effects of animal movement on the FMT reconstructed image quality.
Baroclinic adjustment in the Finnish coastal current

Observations from the northern shore of the Gulf of Finland show a quasi-stable brackish coastal current flowing along a sloping bottom. Other examples of similar currents have been found, for example, in the Arctic basin. Generally, baroclinic flows of this type tend to be unstable. To study the stability of such flows, a specially designed numerical experiment has been devised. The simulations show that a current structure resembling that found in the observations results from an internal baroclinic adjustment of the flow to a baroclinically quasi-stable state with monotonic isopycnal vorticity. On the basis of the observations and numerical results, we propose that coastal currents for a certain part of the parameter range have an inherent tendency to evolve towards a quasi-stable state. This baroclinic neutralization is suggested as an explanation of the observed persistence of buoyant coastal currents under favorable conditions.
High-Density Spin–Orbit Torque Magnetic Random Access Memory With Voltage-Controlled Magnetic Anisotropy/Spin-Transfer Torque Assist

This article explores an area saving scheme for spin–orbit torque (SOT) magnetic random access memory (MRAM) by sharing the SOT channel and write transistor among multiple magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs). We use two write mechanisms to selectively write the MTJs, i.e., voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA)-assisted write in the presence of an external magnetic field and field-free spin-transfer torque (STT)-assisted write. Using micromagnetic simulations that are augmented by the rare-event enhancement, we study various trade-offs among write current, time, and energy, write error rate (WER), and the number of MTJs on an SOT channel. We quantify the issue of IR drop on the SOT channel as a function of the SOT layer thickness and number of MTJs. Our results show having more than four MTJs on an SOT channel poses major challenges in terms of IR drop and WER. In addition, we evaluate the impact of the proposed scheme on read performance.
Magnetic flotation in densimetry

A review of the techniques used in densimetry that use magnetic interaction between a buoy and a current-carrying coil is given. The design of coils for stability and zero temperature effect is discussed. The measurement of the upthrust force on the buoy may be done using the magnetic force directly or using a mass balance with the buoy suspended magnetically. The position of the buoy may be sensed using inductance, capacitance and optical techniques. Three examples of measurements made with different techniques are given.
Pharmacological advances in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases : focused on global results of randomized controlled trials

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of liver disease globally, and its prevalence is rapidly increasing. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a progressive form of NAFLD, is characterized by hepatocellular injury, inflammation, and fibrosis. Patients with NASH or severe fibrosis should be treated according to international NAFLD guidelines. Currently, regulatory agencies have not approved any pharmaceutical treatment for NAFLD. Vitamin E and pioglitazone are efficacious for NASH resolution; however, their benefits must be weighed against the reported risks. In a phase 2 trial, a glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist commonly used for diabetes and obesity was found to improve liver histology in patients with NASH. Furthermore, therapeutic agents targeting NASH pathogenesis, including bile acid signaling, insulin resistance, and lipid metabolism, are in various phases of clinical development. In this article, we review the benefits and drawbacks of current pharmacotherapy and the efficacy of upcoming treatments for NASH.
Dimensions of the Cochlea (Guinea Pig)

Measurements have been made under the microscope of many structures in the cochlea of the guinea pig and the results plotted graphically as a function of position along the cochlea. The structures measured are the spiral lamina, Rosenthal's canal, the basilar membrane (length, width and thickness), the channels and windows of the cochlea (cross‐section area) and the hair cells (angles of orientation).
Boundary-value problems for the system of elasticity theory in unbounded domains. Korn's inequalities

CONTENTS § 1. Introduction. Basic notation § 2. Korn's inequalities in bounded domains § 3. Korn-type inequalities in unbounded domains § 4. Uniqueness theorems of solutions of the main boundary-value problems with finite energy or with a finite Dirichlet integral § 5. Uniqueness theorems under restrictions on the absolute value of the solution in a neighbourhood of infinity § 6. The Dirichlet problem. Uniqueness theorems. Examples § 7. Existence theorems References