Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide analysis of the polyphenol oxidase gene family reveals that MaPPO1 and MaPPO6 are the main contributors to fruit browning in Musa acuminate

Introduction Polyphenol oxidases (PPOs), which are widely present in plants, play an important role in the growth, development, and stress responses. They can catalyze the oxidization of polyphenols and result in the browning of damaged or cut fruit, which seriously affects fruit quality and compromises the sale of fruit. In banana (Musa acuminata, AAA group), 10 PPO genes were determined based on the availability of a high-quality genome sequence, but the role of PPO genes in fruit browning remains unclear. Methods In this study, we analyzed the physicochemical properties, gene structure, conserved structural domains, and evolutionary relationship of the PPO gene family of banana. The expression patterns were analyzed based on omics data and verified by qRT-PCR analysis. Transient expression assay in tobacco leaves was used to identify the subcellular localization of selected MaPPOs, and we analyzed the polyphenol oxidase activity using recombinant MaPPOs and transient expression assay. Results and discussion We found that more than two-thirds of the MaPPO genes had one intron, and all contained three conserved structural domains of PPO, except MaPPO4. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that MaPPO genes were categorized into five groups. MaPPOs did not cluster with Rosaceae and Solanaceae, indicating distant affinities, and MaPPO6/7/8/9/10 clustered into an individual group. Transcriptome, proteome, and expression analyses showed that MaPPO1 exhibits preferential expression in fruit tissue and is highly expressed at respiratory climacteric during fruit ripening. Other examined MaPPO genes were detectable in at least five different tissues. In mature green fruit tissue, MaPPO1 and MaPPO6 were the most abundant. Furthermore, MaPPO1 and MaPPO7 localized in chloroplasts, and MaPPO6 was a chloroplast- and Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)-localized protein, whereas MaPPO10 only localized in the ER. In addition, the enzyme activity in vivo and in vitro of the selected MaPPO protein showed that MaPPO1 had the highest PPO activity, followed by MaPPO6. These results imply that MaPPO1 and MaPPO6 are the main contributors to banana fruit browning and lay the foundation for the development of banana varieties with low fruit browning.
Decoupling and disturbance rejection

For the linear multivariable system \dot{x} = Ax + Bu + Er, z_{i} = D_{i}x(i \in k), x \in X , with disturbance \Gamma(\cdot) , it is shown that the decoupling problem and disturbance rejection problem are simultaneously solvable, so as to yield a stable closed-loop system, if and only if Im(E)\subset V_{g}^{*} and R_{i}^{*} + \ker D_{i} = X, i \in k . Here V_{g}^{*} and R_{i}^{*} are subspaces uniquely defined by and constructible from the data A, B, D_{i} i\in k .
Stretched vortices – the sinews of turbulence; large-Reynolds-number asymptotics

A large-Reynolds-number asymptotic theory is presented for the problem of a vortex tube of finite circulation [Gcy ] subjected to uniform non-axisymmetric irrotational strain, and aligned along an axis of positive rate of strain. It is shown that at leading order the vorticity field is determined by a solvability condition at first-order in ε = 1/R[Gcy ] where R[gcy ] = [gcy ]/ν. The first-order problem is solved completely, and contours of constant rate of energy dissipation are obtained and compared with the family of contour maps obtained in a previous numerical study of the problem. It is found that the region of large dissipation does not overlap the region of large enstrophy; in fact, the dissipation rate is maximal at a distance from the vortex axis at which the enstrophy has fallen to only 2.8% of its maximum value. The correlation between enstrophy and dissipation fields is found to be 0.19 + O(ε2). The solution reveals that the stretched vortex can survive for a long time even when two of the principal rates of strain are positive, provided R[gcy ] is large enough. The manner in which the theory may be extended to higher orders in ε is indicated. The results are discussed in relation to the high-vorticity regions (here described as ‘sinews’) observed in many direct numerical simulations of turbulence.
Robot-Assisted Radical Cystectomy: A Single-Center Experience and a Narrative Review of Recent Evidence

Radical cystectomy represents one of the most challenging surgical procedures, exhibiting a high morbidity rate. The transition to minimally invasive surgery in the field has been steep, due to either the technical complexity and prior concerns of atypical recurrences and/or peritoneal spread. More recently, a larger series of RCTs has proven the oncological safety of robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC). Beyond survival outcomes, the comparison between RARC and open surgery in terms of peri-operative morbidity is still ongoing. We present a single-center experience of RARC with intracorporeal urinary diversion. Overall, 50% of patients had an intracorporeal neobladder reconstruction. The series confirms a low rate of complications (Clavien Dindo ≥ IIIa 7.5%) and wound infections (2.5%) and the absence of thromboembolic events. No atypical recurrences were found. To discuss these outcomes, we reviewed the literature related to RARC including level-1 evidence. PubMed and Web of Science searches were performed using the medical subject terms “robotic radical cystectomy” and “randomized controlled trial (RCT)”. Six unique RCTs comparing robot and open surgery were found. Two clinical trials dealt with RARC with an intracorporeal reconstruction of UD. Pertinent clinical outcomes are summarized and discussed. In conclusion, RARC is a complex but feasible procedure. The transition from extracorporeal urinary diversion (UD) to a complete intracorporeal reconstruction could be the key to improving peri-operative outcomes and reducing the whole morbidity of the procedure.
Mach-Zehnder Fourier transform spectrometer for astronomical spectroscopy at submillimeter wavelengths

Astronomical spectroscopy at submillimeter wavelengths holds much promise for fields as diverse as the study of planetary atmospheres, molecular clouds and extragalactic sources. Fourier transform spectrometers (FTS) represent an important class of spectrometers well suited to observations that require broad spectral coverage at intermediate spectral resolution. In this paper we present the design and performance of a novel FTS, which has been developed for use at the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT). The design uses two broadband intensity beamsplitters in a Mach-Zehnder configuration, which provide access to all four interferometer ports while maintaining a high and uniform efficiency over a broad spectral range. Since the interferometer processes both polarizations it is twice as efficient as the Martin-Puplett interferometer (MPI). As with the MPI, the spatial separation of the two input ports allows a reference blackbody to be viewed at all times in one port, while continually viewing the astronomical source in the other. Furthermore, by minimizing the size of the optical beam at the beamsplitter, the design is well suited to imaging Fourier transform spectroscopy (IFTS) as evidenced by its selection for the SPIRE instrument on Herschel.
Exploratory temperature-tagging measurements of turbulent spots in a heated laminar boundary layer

Exploratory measurements to study transport mechanisms in turbulent spots have been made using a passive temperature-tagging technique. Temperature fluctuations were measured on the centre-plane of spots artificially generated in the laminar boundary layer on a fully heated flat plate. The fluid near the wall is cooled and fluid far from the wall is heated during passage of the spot, with a more complex behaviour at intermediate locations. Contours of ensemble-averaged temperature disturbance measured relative to the laminar undisturbed profile show a region of maximum heating near the upper front of the spot and a region of maximum cooling at the rear of the spot near the wall, a structure strongly anti-correlated with corresponding contours of the longitudinal velocity disturbance as measured by Zilberman, Wygnanski & Kaplan (1977). The observed position of the upper heating maximum appears to be related to mean streamline pictures obtained by previous investigators in which streamlines entering the rear of the spot are deflected upward into the heated region. In conical similarity co-ordinates there is a near coincidence of the maxima and minima in the temperature disturbance contours with the two stable foci, or points of accumulation, for particle paths found by Cantwell, Coles & Dimotakis (1978), but the position of the hot core region cannot be explained in terms of the centre-line particle paths. An alternate viscosity-dependent scaling produces closer coincidence of the temperature and velocity disturbance extrema with the foci.
Heuristics for minimizing the maximum within-clusters distance

The clustering problem consists in finding patterns in a data set in order to divide it into clusters with high within-cluster similarity. This paper presents the study of a problem, here called MMD problem, which aims at finding a clustering with a predefined number of clusters that minimizes the largest within-cluster distance (diameter) among all clusters. There are two main objectives in this paper: to propose heuristics for the MMD and to evaluate the suitability of the best proposed heuristic results according to the real classification of some data sets. Regarding the first objective, the results obtained in the experiments indicate a good performance of the best proposed heuristic that outperformed the Complete Linkage algorithm (the most used method from the literature for this problem). Nevertheless, regarding the suitability of the results according to the real classification of the data sets, the proposed heuristic achieved better quality results than C-Means algorithm, but worse than Complete Linkage.
Parameter Selection Procedure of Parabolic Reflector Antenna for the Optimum Synthetic Aperture Radar Performances

A procedure for antenna parameter selections is proposed that considers the relationships between synthetic aperture radar performance and the antenna parameters of a parabola-type reflector antenna with a central flat dish. The effects of a central dish designed for weight reduction on the antenna beam pattern are also quantitatively analyzed using commercially available software based on the physical optics algorithm. The results of the theoretical analysis and simulation predict that a larger size of the central dish results in an increase in the sidelobe level, which is the reason for the increase in two important ambiguities, such as range ambiguity ratio (RAR) and azimuth ambiguity ratio (AAR). The dependence of RAR and AAR on Pulse repetition frequency is also analyzed and discussed.
New Mn‐Substituted Hexagonal Ferrites

Seven new hexagonal ferrite structures have been identified by single‐crystal x‐ray diffraction during a study of crystals from Mn‐substituted Y phase syntheses. They fall in the M2Yn series and are comprised of a c‐axis stacking of 2 five‐anion‐layer M blocks permuted with 9–13 six‐anion‐layer Y blocks. The series is thereby extended to larger unit cells and the total number of known hexagonal ferrites raised to 31. Three of the new structures are hexagonal, four are rhombohedral; in polytypic nomenclature they are 192Rc, 70Hb, 228Ra, 76Ha, 76Hb, 228Rd, and 264Re. The latter has a c‐axis repeat period of 264 anion layers; a=5.88 A (common to all hexagonal ferrites), c=636.7 A. Weissenberg x‐ray patterns and 00·l diffractometer traces established symmetry and identity layering. Stacking models were confirmed by 00·l structure‐factor computations.
Microplotter Printing of Hierarchically Organized NiCo2O4 Films for Ethanol Gas Sensing

Using a combination of chemical coprecipitation and hydrothermal treatment of the resulting dispersed system, a hierarchically organized NiCo2O4 nanopowder was obtained, consisting of slightly elongated initial oxide nanoparticles self-organized into nanosheets about 10 nm thick, which in turn are combined into hierarchical cellular agglomerates of about 2 μm. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) allowed to confirm the formation of NiCo2O4 powder with the desired crystal structure via additional heat treatment of the intermediate product. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was used to confirm the target metal ratio, and the uniform distribution of the elements (Ni, Co and O) was shown by mapping. The resulting nanopowder was employed to prepare functional inks suitable for microplotter printing of the NiCo2O4 film. It was found that an oxide film morphology is fully inherited from the hierarchically organized oxide nanopowder used. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed the film thickness (15 μm) and determined the maximum height difference of 500 nm over an area of 25 μm2. Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) showed that the surface potential was shifted to the depths of the oxide film, and the work function value of the material surface was 4.54 eV, which is significantly lower compared to those reported in the literature. The electronic state of the elements in the NiCo2O4 film under study was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Chemosensor measurements showed that the printed receptor layer exhibited selectivity and high signal reproducibility for ethanol detection. As the relative humidity increases from 0 to 75%, the response value is reduced; however, the sensor response profile and signal-to-noise ratio remain without significant changes.
Biochar-Soil-Plant interactions: A cross talk for sustainable agriculture under changing climate

Biochars provide several agricultural and environmental benefits, such as soil health improvement, better crop growth and yield, carbon sequestration, decreasing greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions, and regulation of nutrient dynamics. This review highlights the role of biochar in transforming the soil’s physiochemical and biological properties, and their impact on improving seed germination and seedling growth, altering crop physiological attributes, enhancing crop resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses, improving crop productivity, curtailing GHGs, and controlling nutrient leaching losses. However, the type of feedstock used, pyrolysis temperature, application rate and method, soil type and crop species largely influence the biochar performance under different environmental conditions. Application of biochars at low rates help to promote seed germination and seedling growth. Biochar modified the abiotic and microbial processes in the rhizosphere and increased nutrient mineralization and enhanced the nutrient availability for plant uptake. Hence, biochar enhanced the plant resistance against diseases, reduced the availability of heavy metals and improved the plant resilience against environmental stressors. By providing a comprehensive analysis about the variable impacts of biochars on soil physicochemical properties, plant growth, development and productivity and mitigating environmental problems, this review is quite valuable for developing an efficient soil and crop specific biochar with desired functionalities. It could be helpful in improving crop productivity, ensuring food security and better management of environment. Furthermore, this review identifies the knowledge gaps and suggests future outlooks for the commercialization of biochar applications on large-scale.
Stability analysis for control systems with aperiodically sampled data using an augmented Lyapunov functional method

This study analyses the stability of aperiodically sampled-data control systems with and without communication delays by using a new augmented Lyapunov functional method. Compared with most of existing methods that commonly require each term of a Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional (LKF) to be non-negative, the proposed method waives this requirement by introducing an augmented term, which has zero value and zero derivative, into the LKF. Several stability criteria with less conservatism are obtained from the relaxation of constraint conditions for guaranteeing the non-negativeness of the LKF. These criteria are extended to investigate the stability of the systems with polytopic uncertainties and the exponential stability of the system. Three numerical examples are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Predicting the Severity of Adverse Events on Osteoporosis Drugs Using Attribute Weighted Logistic Regression

Osteoporosis is a serious bone disease that affects many people worldwide. Various drugs have been used to treat osteoporosis. However, these drugs may cause severe adverse events in patients. Adverse drug events are harmful reactions caused by drug usage and remain one of the leading causes of death in many countries. Predicting serious adverse drug reactions in the early stages can help save patients’ lives and reduce healthcare costs. Classification methods are commonly used to predict the severity of adverse events. These methods usually assume independence among attributes, which may not be practical in real-world applications. In this paper, a new attribute weighted logistic regression is proposed to predict the severity of adverse drug events. Our method relaxes the assumption of independence among the attributes. An evaluation was performed on osteoporosis data obtained from the United States Food and Drug Administration databases. The results showed that our method achieved a higher recognition performance and outperformed baseline methods in predicting the severity of adverse drug events.
Bone age recognition based on mask R-CNN using xception regression model

Background and Objective: Bone age detection plays an important role in medical care, sports, judicial expertise and other fields. Traditional bone age identification and detection is according to manual interpretation of X-ray images of hand bone by doctors. This method is subjective and requires experience, and has certain errors. Computer-aided detection can effectually enhance the validity of medical diagnosis, especially with the fast development of machine learning and neural network, the method of bone age recognition using machine learning has gradually become the focus of research, which has the advantages of simple data pretreatment, good robustness and high recognition accuracy. Methods: In this paper, the hand bone segmentation network based on Mask R-CNN was proposed to segment the hand bone area, and the segmented hand bone region was directly input into the regression network for bone age evaluation. The regression network is using an enhancd network Xception of InceptionV3. After the output of Xception, the convolutional block attention module is connected to refine the feature mapping from channel and space to obtain more effective features. Results: According to the experimental results, the hand bone segmentation network model based on Mask R-CNN can segment the hand bone region and eliminate the interference of redundant background information. The average Dice coefficient on the verification set is 0.976. The mean absolute error of predicting bone age on our data set was only 4.97 months, which exceeded the accuracy of most other bone age assessment methods. Conclusion: Experiments show that the accuracy of bone age assessment can be enhancd by using the Mask R-CNN-based hand bone segmentation network and the Xception bone age regression network to form a model, which can be well applied to actual clinical bone age assessment.
Carbon Dioxide Retrievals From NOMAD‐SO on ESA's ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter and Temperature Profile Retrievals With the Hydrostatic Equilibrium Equation: 2. Temperature Variabilities in the Mesosphere at Mars Terminator

The Solar Occultation (SO) channel of the Nadir and Occultation for Mars Discovery (NOMAD) instrument scans the Martian atmosphere since 21 April 2018. In this work, we present a subset of the NOMAD SO data measured at the mesosphere. We focused on a spectral range that started to be recorded in Martian year (MY) 35. A total of 968 vertical profiles of carbon dioxide density and temperature covering MY 35 and the beginning of MY 36 were investigated until 135° of solar longitude. We compared 47 profiles with co‐located profiles of the Mars Climate Sounder onboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. Most profiles show a good agreement as SO temperatures are only 1.8 K higher, but some biases lead to an average absolute difference of 7.4°K. The SO data set is also compared with simulations from the Global Environmental Multiscale‐Mars general circulation model. Both data sets are in good agreement except for the presence of a cold layer in the winter hemisphere and a warm layer at dawn in the Northern hemisphere for solar longitudes between 240° and 360°. Five profiles contain temperatures lower than the limit for CO2 condensation. Strong warm layers were found in 13.5% of the profiles. They are present mainly at dawn and in the winter hemisphere, while the Northern dusks appear featureless. The data set mainly covers high latitudes around 60° and we derived some non‐migrating tides. In the Southern winter hemisphere, we derived apparent zonal wavenumber‐1 (WN‐1) and WN‐3 tidal components with a maximum amplitude of 10% and 5% at 63 km, respectively.
Dynamic Selfish Node Detection With Link Quality Consideration in Vehicular Networks

With the emergence of various applications in intelligent transportation systems (ITS), the cooperative communication among the nodes on roads is becoming more and more important in vehicular networks. However, selfish nodes, which are not willing to relay data packets for others, drastically decrease the communication performance of the network in various aspects including packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, communication bandwidth, etc. It is critical to detect the selfish nodes in the network for avoiding the decrement of network performance. Nevertheless, it is extremely challenging to correctly and fairly detect selfish nodes in vehicular networks where the network topology is highly dynamic and link quality between nodes is lossy. In order to address this issue, a novel detection scheme is proposed in this paper. The proposed scheme jointly considers the link quality, mobility, and vehicle behaviors at the network layer and MAC layer with fuzzy logic in a fully decentralized manner. Furthermore, an innovative perception module is deployed based on probabilistic calculations to refine the detection decisions of the scheme. The scheme is validated by simulation platforms which integrate Veins, SUMO, and INET Framework under IEEE 802.11p and AODV protocols. The computer simulations are conducted with both highway and urban traffic scenarios of Xi'an city in China. As the results shown, the proposed scheme demonstrates better detection capabilities than the conventional schemes in terms of Precision, Recall, and F1-score with an acceptable communication overhead.
Bubble characteristics and trajectories in a microbubble boundary layer

Optical and photographic surveys of microbubble boundary layers are presented. The results show that the outer edge of the bubble cloud diffuses away from the wall as the bubbles are swept downstream. The plate‐on‐bottom orientation contains a bubble‐free region near the wall that cannot be discerned for the plate‐on‐top configuration. Skin friction measurements made when the bubble‐free region extends to y+=200 show there is no longer any Cf reduction present suggesting bubbles are not effective when they are outside the near‐wall region of the boundary layer. Bubble sizes, which increase with airflow and distance from the injection section and decrease with free‐stream velocity, were measured to be between 150 and 1100 μm.