Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of free-tissue transfer in diabetic foot salvage with Role of free-tissue transfer in diabetic foot salvage with systematic review systematic review

Background : Lower extremity wounds that do not heal are still a dif ﬁ cult problem for reconstructive surgery. Over 50% of all amputations are caused by diabetes mellitus (DM) foot and peripheral artery illness. Aim and objectives : The goal of this research was to evaluate of the free ﬂ ap in the diabetic foot as regards eradication of infection, coverage durability, and lower extremity function. Patient and methods : The research was done at the AL-Azhar University Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. From patients hospitalized at the Department of Cosmetic and reconstructive surgery at AL-Azhar University, 20 diabetes mellitus patients with lower extremities defects had been chosen for a prospective cohort study for follow-up at 6 months after surgery. Results : Patients with failed ﬂ aps have statistically signi ﬁ cantly higher defect number, higher planter defect, and higher defect size and depth than good outcome ﬂ aps. Patients with failed ﬂ aps have statistically signi ﬁ cant higher infected wound beds, lower granulation tissue, higher lacerated surrounding tissue, higher osteomyelitis, and higher nonfelt pulsation than good outcome ﬂ aps. Patients with failed ﬂ aps have statistically signi ﬁ cant higher bad coverage durability, lower eradication of infection, higher impaired lower extremity function, and higher rate of lost super ﬁ cial and deep sensation than good outcome ﬂ aps. Patients with failed ﬂ aps have statistically signi ﬁ cant higher blood pressure than good outcome ﬂ aps. Patients with failed ﬂ aps have statistically signi ﬁ cant higher leucocytic count than good outcome ﬂ aps. Conclusion : The keystones of treatment are to eradicate infections, cover wounds with well-vascularized tissue, and simultaneously control comorbid conditions.
Trends and Variability of Global Fire Emissions Due To Historical Anthropogenic Activities

Globally, fires are a major source of carbon from the terrestrial biosphere to the atmosphere, occurring on a seasonal cycle and with substantial interannual variability. To understand past trends and variability in sources and sinks of terrestrial carbon, we need quantitative estimates of global fire distributions. Here we introduce an updated version of the Fire Including Natural and Agricultural Lands model, version 2 (FINAL.2), modified to include multiday burning and enhanced fire spread rate in forest crowns. We demonstrate that the improved model reproduces the interannual variability and spatial distribution of fire emissions reported in present‐day remotely sensed inventories. We use FINAL.2 to simulate historical (post‐1700) fires and attribute past fire trends and variability to individual drivers: land use and land cover change, population growth, and lightning variability. Global fire emissions of carbon increase by about 10% between 1700 and 1900, reaching a maximum of 3.4 Pg C yr−1 in the 1910s, followed by a decrease to about 5% below year 1700 levels by 2010. The decrease in emissions from the 1910s to the present day is driven mainly by land use change, with a smaller contribution from increased fire suppression due to increased human population and is largest in Sub‐Saharan Africa and South Asia. Interannual variability of global fire emissions is similar in the present day as in the early historical period, but present‐day wildfires would be more variable in the absence of land use change.
of Research in Language & Translation

This study investigates the phonetic variations of lateral /l/ in Najdi Arabic. Two lateral varieties are considered: pharyngealized [lˤ] and velarized [l̴]. Data of /l/ following and/or preceding uvulars [χ,ʁ,q], and pharyngealized consonants [tˤ,sˤ, ðˤ] are observed. Results are then compared to what has been discussed in Ferguson (1956) regarding the predictable environments for emphatic [lˤ] in Arabic: before or after emphatic consonants, and after uvulars. Results show that: 1) uvulars, velar [g], and pharyngealized consonants spread their features to affect lateral /l/ in Najdi. 2) Uvulars and velars are in free variation, and 3) only fricative uvulars spread uvularization to /l/ resulting in [l̴]. Uvular stop /q/, on the other hand, does not spread uvularization to laterals, instead its velar counterpart /g/ does. Pharyngealized consonants are found to spread pharyngealization both rightward and leftward to /l/ resulting in [lˤ]. Interestingly, this spread is optional.
ImprovementPathophysiology, Confusions, and Areas for Prognosis and Treatment, -- Review, Part 2 Carotid Near-Occlusion: A Comprehensive

SUMMARY: In Part 1 of this review, the deﬁnition, terminology, and diagnosis of carotid near-occlusion were presented. Carotid near-occlusions (all types) showed a lower risk of stroke than other severe stenoses. However, emerging evidence suggests that the near-occlusion prognosis with full collapse (higher risk) differs from that without full collapse (lower risk). This systematic review presents what is known about carotid near-occlusion. In this second part, the foci are prognosis and treatment, pathophysiology, the current confusion about near-occlusion, and areas in need of future improvement
The Weakest Link : Risk Management Strategies for Dealing with Interdependencies

Networks increase interdependencies and this creates challenges for managing risks. This is especially apparent in areas such as security and enterprise risk management, where the actions of a single player in an interconnected network can wreak havoc on everyone in the network. The network, in this case, is only as strong as its weakest link. There are related problems in encouraging investments for prevention and protection, since the expected payoffs from such measures by one player are affected by the actions of other players in the network. In this chapter, Howard Kunreuther examines the challenges of interdependent security (IDS) and strategies for addressing these, including coordination with broader networks such as industry organizations and government. On December 21, 1988, Pan Am flight 103 exploded near Lockerbie, Scotland. Terrorists had checked a bag containing a bomb in Malta on Malta Airlines, which had minimal security procedures. The bag was transferred in Frankfurt to a Pan Am feeder line, and then loaded onto Pan Am 103 in London's Heathrow Airport. The bomb was designed to explode above 28,000 feet, a height normally first attained on this route over the Atlantic Ocean. Given such interdependencies among different players in a network, the above example illustrates that security for the entire network may only be as strong as its weakest link. In this case, the terrorists deliberately exploited the widely varying security procedures across the airlines. This problem is common to other transportation modes, where there are interconnections between nodes in the network. 2 Interdependencies create a challenge for airlines in making decisions about investing in security. An airline knows that if it invests in baggage security it may face a security risk from a dangerous bag loaded onto its plane by another airline. It faces this risk unless it inspects all transferred bags, a policy until recently only followed by El Al airlines. In a networked world, the risks faced by any one agent depend not only on that agent’s own choices but also on those of others. More specifically, the economic incentive of any agent to invest in protection depends on how she expects others to behave. The strategies can be risk-reducing measures as well as information-gathering and preparedness activities. The fact that such events are typically probabilistic, and that the risk that one agent faces is often determined in part by the behavior of others, gives a
Remote Sensing

: The use of a transformer backbone in LiDAR point-cloud-based models for 3D object detection has recently gained signiﬁcant interest. The larger receptive ﬁeld of the transformer backbone improves its representation capability but also results in excessive attention being given to background regions. To solve this problem, we propose a novel approach called deformable voxel set attention, which we utilized to create a deformable voxel set transformer (DVST) backbone for 3D object detection from point clouds. The DVST aims to efﬁcaciously integrate the ﬂexible receptive ﬁeld of the deformable mechanism and the powerful context modeling capability of the transformer. Speciﬁcally, we introduce the deformable mechanism into voxel-based set attention to selectively transfer candidate keys and values of foreground queries to important regions. An offset generation module was designed to learn the offsets of the foreground queries. Furthermore, a globally responsive convolutional feed-forward network with residual connection is presented to capture global feature interactions in hidden space. We veriﬁed the validity of the DVST on the KITTI and Waymo open datasets by constructing single-stage and two-stage models. The ﬁndings indicated that the DVST enhanced the average precision of the baseline model while preserving computational efﬁciency, achieving a performance comparable to state-of-the-art methods.
Carbon Exchange between the Atmosphere and a Subtropical Evergreen Mountain Forest in Taiwan

Tropical, temperate, and boreal forests are the subject of various eddy covariance studies, but less is known about the subtropical region. As there are large areas of subtropical forests in the East Asian monsoon region with possibly high carbon uptake, we used three years (2011–2013) of eddy covariance data to estimate the carbon balance of a subtropical mountain forest in Taiwan. Two techniques of flux partitioning are applied to evaluate ecosystem respiration, thoroughly evaluate the validity of the estimated fluxes, and arrive at an estimate of the yearly net ecosystem exchange (NEE). We found that advection is a strong player at our site. Further, when used alone, the nighttime flux correction with the so-called u∗ method (u∗ = friction velocity) cannot avoid underestimating the nighttime respiration. By using a two-technique method employing both nighttime and daytime parameterizations for flux corrections, we arrive at an estimate of the three-year mean NEE of −561 (±standard deviation 114) g·C·m−2·yr−1. The corrected flux estimate represents a rather large uptake of CO2 for this mountain cloud forest, but the value is in good agreement with the few existing comparable estimates for other subtropical forests.
A Research on the Inhibition Mechanism of Y-27632 to Esophageal Cancer Cell EC9706 and its Significance to Epidemiology

The purpose of this research is esearching the the impact of ROCK caffeic acid phenethylester Y-27362 on cell growth and migration of esophageal cancer EC9706 and discussing the possible mechanisms. The main research method of this paper is culturing human esophageal cancer canopy EC9706 in vitro, adding 20umol/LY-27632 liquid (experiment group) and isometric PBS(control group) to culture for one hour, adopting cell counting, MTT experiment to test cell growth situation, using Transwell experiment to observe cell migration situation, employing Westem blot to detect the expression level of Cav-1,and making comparison of two groups. Finally it contrastively analyzes the results. The conclusion is that Rock caffeic acid phenethylester Y-27362 can restrict cell growth and migration of esophageal cancer EC9706, which provides a new idea and direction for curing esophageal cancer.
TOWARDS AN AI-ENHANCED VIDEO CODING STANDARD

This paper describes the ongoing activities of the Enhanced Video coding (EVC) project of the Moving Picture, Audio and Data Coding by Artificial Intelligence (MPAI). The project investigates how the performances of existing codecs can be improved by enhancing or replacing specific encoding tools with AI-based counterparts. The MPEG EVC codec baseline profile has been chosen as reference as it relies on encoding tools that are at least 20 years mature yet has compression efficiency close to HEVC. A framework has been developed to interface the encoder/decoder with neural networks, independently from the specific learning toolkit, simplifying experimentation. So far, the EVC project has investigated the intra prediction and the super resolution coding tools. The standard intra prediction modes have been integrated by a learnable predictor: experiments in standard test conditions show rate reductions for intra coded frames in excess of 4% over the reference. The use of super resolution, a state-of-the-art deep-learning approach named Densely Residual Laplacian Network (DRLN), at the decoder side have been found to provide further gains, over the reference, in the order of 3% in the SD to HD context.
Chemical Contrast Imaging: Die Abbildung chemischer Kontraste mit dem Rasterkraftmikroskop

Um erfolgreiche Forschung und Entwicklung im Bereich der Nanotechnologie zu betreiben, müssen geeignete Messmethoden entwickelt werden, die eine möglichst umfassende Charakterisierung der Eigenschaften von Nanostrukturen erlauben. So ist die Untersuchung von Werkstoffoberfl ächen und elektronischen Bauelementen auf der Mikrometerund Nanometerskala von zunehmender technischer Bedeutung. Beispiele dafür sind heterogene Werkstoffe, Oberfl ächenrauhigkeitsmessungen oder die Untersuchung mikround nanostrukturierter Systeme, etwa in der Halbleiterindustrie. Dabei gilt es, nicht nur die dreidimensionale Oberfl ächenstruktur mit hoher Aufl ösung abzubilden, sondern auch lokale Materialeigenschaften zu untersuchen sowie Materialinhomogenitäten und chemische Kontraste ortsaufgelöst zu erkennen. Konventionelle Untersuchungsverfahren stoßen dabei zunehmend an ihre Grenzen. Hier erlauben es die Rastersondenverfahren, Materialien mit einer räumlichen Aufl ösung bis hinab in den atomaren Bereich zu untersuchen [1-5]. Bei der Rasterkraftmikroskopie (Atomic Force Microscopy, AFM) wird die Oberfl äche nach dem Prinzip eines ultrafeinen Profi lometers mit einer idealerweise atomar feinen Spitze Zeile für Zeile abgetastet (Bild 1). Der mikroskopische Balken (Cantilever), der die Spitze trägt, wird dadurch leicht ausgelenkt. Seine verspiegelte Rückseite wird mit einem fokussierten Laserstrahl beleuchtet, dessen Refl exion z.B. ein Quadrantendetektor erfasst. Höhenunterschiede auf der Oberfl äche rufen somit über Verbiegung des Cantilevers Auslenkungen des Lichtfl ecks auf dem Detektor hervor. Doch nicht nur die Probentopographie kann so erfasst werden. Vielmehr bietet die Kombination der rein topographischen Rasterkraftmikroskopie mit unterNanotechnik Eine Publikation der AT-Fachverlag GmbH
DirectionsTreatment: Current Status and Future Advances in Acute Ischemic Stroke

SUMMARY: The management of acute ischemic stroke has undergone a paradigm shift in the past decade. This has been spear-headed by the emergence of endovascular thrombectomy, along with advances in medical therapy, imaging, and other facets of stroke care. Herein, we present an updated review of the various stroke trials that have impacted and continue to transform stroke management. It is critical for the radiologist to stay abreast of the ongoing developments to provide meaningful input and remain a useful part of the stroke team
Local Nets

Petri nets have been widely used to model and specify concurrent, distributed systems. However, they give no mean to reflect spatial distribution of resources. In this work, an extension of P /T Petri -nets is introduced in order to capture the con cept of spatial distribution, specifying not only places and events but also how places are distributed in sites. These new nets, called Local nets, are a very simple extension which is shown to be semantics respecting, and to support a methodology for the definition of systems. · · Sorne theoretical results are given in order to establish the . basis for a practica! use of these nets for specification and verification, and the relation with previous existing models is also discussed.
Microbiological Quality of Fresh Iceberg Lettuce Harvested in Tunisia

The elaboration of fresh-cut vegetables requires hygienic requirements at all levels of processing as well as raw material of good quality. The aim of this study was to assess the microbiological quality of lettuce in Tunisia, in particular the prevalence of selected pathogens. 150 samples were tested for the presence of aerobic mesophilic, psychrotrophic microorganisms, lactic acid bacteria, coliforms, yeasts and moulds, Escherichia coli βββββ -glucuronidase positive, Salmonella spp . and Listeria monocytogenes . The mean aerobic mesophilic counts were 7.0 log 10 CFU g -1 for Gafsa and 7.1 log 10 CFU g -1 for Bizerte and Cap Bon. Lactic acid bacteria were present and the highest percentage of the samples was found at values between 5.0 and 6.0 log 10 CFU g -1 . The mean counts of coliforms were ranging from 4.8 to 5.3 log 10 CFU g -1 . Yeasts and molds were present. While no pathogenic bacteria were found in the lettuces analyzed, imply that effective control measures must be carried out to improve the microbiological quality of this fresh vegetable.
Trophic status of a Brazilian urban reservoir and prognosis about the recovery of water quality.

: Trophic status of a Brazilian urban reservoir and prognosis about the recovery of water quality. Garças Lake is a small tropical urban reservoir, with 68 days hydraulic residence time (annual theoretical mean) located in São Paulo city (Brazil). In order to develop management strategies for the recovery of its water quality, a diagnosis of the trophic state was performed. Phosphorus and nitrogen mass balances and the development of a model to evaluate the nutritive condition of the lake were included. Incoming annual phosphorus and nitrogen loads by the seven tributaries were, respectively, 6,519 kgP and 37,157 kgN. From the total phosphorus load, 45% proceeded from the creek of Zoological Garden Foundation of São Paulo (the most important point-source), while 32% were from the Agricultural and Food Supply Department (the second most important point-source). From the nitrogen total incoming load, 62.8% corresponded to biological fixation; 1.4% to non-point sources; 1% to wet precipitation and 34.7% to point-sources. Mass balances revealed high nitrogen (85% of total input) and phosphorus (61% of total input) retention in the reservoir. The annual observed mean of total phosphorus in the water surface was 132 m g.l -1 , indicating a hypereutrophic condition. A hypothetical scenario of 90% reduction in the load from the seven tributaries could change the trophic status of the reservoir to an oligotrophic condition (17 m gTPl -1 ). Reservoir management strategies for the improvement of water quality are discussed.
Causes of Imbalance and Abnormal Gait That May Be Causes of Imbalance and Abnormal Gait That May Be Misdiagnosed Misdiagnosed

Disorders of gait and balance are common in medicine and often lead to referral for neurologic evaluation. Because the maintenance of balance and normal gait are mediated by complex neurologic pathways as well as musculoskeletal, metabolic, and behavioral considerations, the list of possible contributing causes is very large. Much of the time, the history and neurologic examination reveal the underlying cause or causes. There are instances, however, when there are limited neurologic ﬁ ndings, as well as no structural abnormalities on brain or spine magnetic resonance imaging studies to explain the imbalance or gait dif ﬁ culty. In this article, selected disorders that may be overlooked in the neurologic examination and imaging studies are reviewed. Possible causes of imbalance include occult drug-induced ataxia, autoimmune ataxia, ataxia associated with tremor, bilateral vestibular hypofunction, and spastic or dystonic gait disorders with normal imaging.
Effects of Long-Term Recycled Wastewater Irrigation on Visual Quality and Ion Concentrations of Ponderosa Pine

Abstract Recycled wastewater (RWW) has become a common water source for irrigating golf courses and urban landscapes. Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) is commonly used in urban landscape settings in the Rocky Mountain West. To evaluate the effects of RWW irrigation on quality and needle ion accumulations of ponderosa pine, eight landscape facilities near metropolitan Denver, CO, were selected for the experiment. Among these sites, four had been irrigated exclusively with domestic RWW [electrical conductivity (EC) = 0.84 dS/m] for 5, 6, 15, and 20 years, respectively. The other four with similar turf species, age ranges, and soil textures had been irrigated with surface water (EC = 0.23 dS/m). Ponderosa pines grown on sites irrigated with RWW exhibited 10 times higher needle burn symptoms than those grown on sites irrigated with surface water (33% vs. 3%). Tissue analysis indicated that ponderosa pine needles collected from sites receiving RWW exhibited 11 times greater Na+ concentration, 2 times greater C.
Upscaling geochemical reaction rates accompanying acidic CO2‐saturated brine flow in sandstone aquifers

Network flow models were used to simulate the flow of CO2‐saturated brine in the pore networks corresponding to three different sandstones. The simulations were used to study upscaling of anorthite and kaolinite reaction rates from pore to core scales. Unique to our simulations is the use of computed tomography to capture the mineral distribution in the samples as well as the sample pore network. The upscaled reaction rates determined from these simulations incorporate mass balance principles and microscale reaction rate laws and capture the physical, mineral, and flow heterogeneities in the network. These upscaled rates were compared with upscaled rates predicted by a continuum model and by a volume‐averaged‐concentration method. For the anorthite reaction, which remains far from equilibrium, the volume‐averaged reaction rate exceeded the reaction rate of the network model by 18% to 46%. While the continuum model rate also exceeded the network model rate by −1% to 53%, its predicted values were generally better than the volume‐averaged method. The kaolinite reaction is near equilibrium and is heavily influenced by the form of the microscale rate law in the precipitation regime. Three alternate rate laws were tested, which produced significantly different predictions for the bulk reaction rates. For all three rate laws, continuum and volume‐averaged reaction rates incorrectly predicted the magnitude of the kaolinite reaction rate (disagreements of −700% to 55%), and the predicted reaction type, dissolution versus precipitation, was also often opposite to that of the network model. Finally, for both anorthite and kaolinite, all upscaled reaction rates showed significant flow rate dependence.
The Effect of Using Repair Strategies on Seventh-Grade Students’ Writing Performance

This study examined the potential effect of using Repair strategies on Jordanian EFL seventh-grade students’ writing performance. A quasi-experimental design and two groups were employed. For this study, two full sections of grade seven from Al-Rashedia Secondary School for Girls were selected randomly. Thirty students were assigned as the control group and thirty students as the experimental group. The pre-/post-writing test was designed in order to fulfill the study’s objectives. Furthermore, the experimental group received instruction using Repair strategies, whereas the control group received instruction using conventional methods of instruction suggested in the Teacher’s Book. Results demonstrated that Repair strategies improved students’ writing performance. The researchers recommended utilizing Repair strategies on different writing genres instead of traditional instructional writing strategies.