Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Klasifikasi Tingkat Dehidrasi Berdasarkan Warna Urin Menggunakan Metode KNN

Tubuh manusia sangat membutuhkan cairan, untuk membantu dalam menjalan fungsi normalnya, jika manusia kekuarangan cairan maka tubuh akan mengalami gangguan dalam menjalankan fungsinya, kekurangan cairan ini disertai oleh gangguan elektrolit dalam tubuh dikarenakan kekuarangan natrium dan air dalam tubuh. Kondisi ini dinamakan dehidrasi. Dehidrasi dibagi menjadi dua tingkatan yaitu dehidrasi ringan dan berat. Penyebab dehidrasi selain kurangnya meminum cairan, dehidrasi juga dapat disebabkan oleh faktor iklim atau cuaca panas dan juga dapat disebabkan oleh faktor kegiatan fisik yang menguras tenaga yang dapat membuat manusia kekurangan cairan tubuh melalui keringat. Untuk mengetahui apakah seseorang terkena dehidrasi atau tidak dapat dilihat melalui warna urinnya. Untuk mempermudah dalam mengklasifikasi seseorang mengalami dehidrasi atau tidak maka dapat menggunakan sistem pengolahan citra. Dalam penelitian ini penulis membuat sistem yang dapat melakukan klasifikasi apakah seseorang mengalami dehidrasi atau tidak melalui warna urin yang telah diubah menjadi citra digital dan diproses ke dalam sistem yang dibuat menggunakan Mathlab, dan menggunakan metode K-Nearest Neighbor. Dari hasil penelitian yang telah penulis lakukan, persentase dari tingkat akurasi dari metode K-Nearest Neighbor adalah 86,67 persen dengan jumlah klasifikasi akurat berjumlah 26 dan jumlah klasifikasi yang tidak akurat berjumlah 4 dari 30 sampel yang didapat dari partisipan yang berasal dari mahasiswa kampus STT Indonesia Tanjungpinang.
Regularization Parameter Selection via Cross-Validation in the Presence of Dependent Regressors: A Simulation Study

This letter reveals using simulation studies that regularization parameter selection via cross-validation (CV) in penalized regressions (e.g., Lasso) is valid even if the regressors are weakly dependent. In CV procedure, the time series structure of the data set is broken, meaning that there may occur a fatal problem unless the sample is i.i. d. ; the estimation accuracy in the training step could be worse due to corruption of data continuity, which may furthermore lead to a bad choice of the regularization parameter. Even in such a situation, we find that CV works well as long as the sample size grows. These findings encourage us to apply the selection procedure via CV to macroeconomic empirical analyses with dependent regressors.
Two dimensional electron gases induced by spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization in undoped and doped AlGaN/GaN heterostructures

Two dimensional electron gases in Al x Ga 12x N/GaN based heterostructures, suitable for high electron mobility transistors, are induced by strong polarization effects. The sheet carrier concentration and the confinement of the two dimensional electron gases located close to the AlGaN/GaN interface are sensitive to a large number of different physical properties such as polarity, alloy composition, strain, thickness, and doping of the AlGaN barrier. We have investigated these physical properties for undoped and silicon doped transistor structures by a combination of high resolution x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, Hall effect, and capacitance‐voltage profiling measurements. The polarization induced sheet charge bound at the AlGaN/GaN interfaces was calculated from different sets of piezoelectric constants available in the literature. The sheet carrier concentration induced by polarization charges was determined
Targeted estimation of state occupation probabilities for the non‐Markov illness‐death model

We use semi‐parametric efficiency theory to derive a class of estimators for the state occupation probabilities of the continuous‐time irreversible illness‐death model. We consider both the setting with and without additional baseline information available, where we impose no specific functional form on the intensity functions of the model. We show that any estimator in the class is asymptotically linear under suitable assumptions about the estimators of the intensity functions. In particular, the assumptions are weak enough to allow the use of data‐adaptive methods, which is important for making the identifying assumption of coarsening at random plausible in realistic settings. We suggest a flexible method for estimating the transition intensity functions of the illness‐death model based on penalized Poisson regression. We apply this method to estimate the nuisance parameters of an illness‐death model in a simulation study and a real‐world application.
Interaction depth in CdTe/CdZnTe spectrometers by electron drift time

This paper introduces a method to determine the interaction depth in 3-D position sensitive gamma-ray spectrometers through the measurement of the electron drift time. In this method, the electron drift time is measured as the time interval between the leading edges of the signals from the cathode and the anode pixel. As an implementation, a self-triggered VA-TA DAQ system with 128 independent timing channels has been developed to read out the timing when the signal leading edges cross a pre-selected threshold. Each timing channel has a dynamic range of 14 us and a timing resolution of /spl sim/60 ns. This VA-TA DAQ system is applied to a 2/spl times/2/spl times/1.5 cm/sup -3/ CdTe detector with an pixellated anode array. For signals from a particular pixel, the distribution of the measured electron drift time matched the expected distribution. The energy spectra from different interaction depths are separated by the measured electron drift time. For multiple interaction events involving multiple pixels, the reconstruction of the interaction depths based upon the electron drift times is being investigated. The results will be presented.
Variable Selection for Clustering by Separability Based on Ridgelines

A new variable selection algorithm is developed for clustering based on mode association. In conventional mixture-model-based clustering, each mixture component is treated as one cluster and the separation between clusters is usually measured by the ratio of between- and within-component dispersion. In this article, we allow one cluster to contain several components depending on whether they merge into one mode. The extent of separation between clusters is quantified using critical points on the ridgeline between two modes, which reflects the exact geometry of the density function. The computational foundation consists of the recently developed Modal expectation–maximization (MEM) algorithm which solves the modes of a Gaussian mixture density, and the Ridgeline expectation–maximization (REM) algorithm which solves the ridgeline passing through the critical points of the mixed density of two unimode clusters. Forward selection is used to find a subset of variables that maximizes an aggregated index of pairwise cluster separability. Theoretical analysis of the procedure is provided. We experiment with both simulated and real datasets and compare with several state-of-the-art variable selection algorithms. Supplemental materials including an R-package, datasets, and appendices for proofs are available online.
A Study Of Bed Occupancy Management In The Healthcare System Using The M/M/C Queue And Probability

Many diverse healthcare systems, including hospitals, laboratories, pharmaceutical business, radiology, organ transplant etc. have been modelled and studied using queuing models. Due to their analytical nature and capacity for speedy resolution, queueing models are well-liked by researchers and system designers and can offer reasonably accurate assessments of system performance. The problem of allocating the ideal number of beds to different wards, as well as assigning roles to doctors in various hospital wards and outside the hospital, is one that health care management is now dealing with. In this paper, we will use (M/M/C) queue to explore bed occupancy management, patient movement, and ideal bed counts in hospitals. Additionally, we will look for the probability that a patient will be chosen for a bed allocation and the expected occupancy rates for a specific time frame.
He-Laplace Method for the Solution of Two-point Boundary Value Problems

The boundary value problems of ordinary differential equations play an important role in many fields. Here, we implement the He-Laplace method for the solution of linear and nonlinear two-point boundary value problems. The aim of this paper is to compare the performance of the He-Laplace method with shooting method. As a result, for the same number of terms, our method provides relatively more accurate results with rapid convergence than other methods.
The Helium Focusing Cone of the Local Interstellar Medium Close to the Sun

The Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer is used to observe the interplanetary He focusing cone within 1 AU. Taken over 2 yr and from differing orbit positions, the series of observations includes measurements of He I 584 Å and Lyβ intensities. The cone itself is spatially well defined, and the He I intensity within the cone was ~45 R in 1996 December, compared with ~1 R for lines of sight outward from 1 AU. Between 1996 December and 1998 June, the focusing cone dimmed by a factor of 3.3 as the level of solar activity rose. This is the first time that interstellar helium is observed so near the Sun. Measured intensities are compared to a detailed temperature and density model of interstellar helium in the solar system. The model includes EUV ionization but does not include ionization by electron impact from solar wind electrons. There are several features in the data model comparison that we attribute to the absence of electron impact ionization in the model. The absolute maximum intensity of 45 R first measured in 1996 December calls for an ionization 45% more intense than the EUV photoionization alone as measured by the Solar EUV Monitor/Charge, Element, and Isotope Analysis System (SEM/CELIAS) on SOHO. Important day-to-day variations of the intensity are observed, as well as a general decrease as the solar activity rises (both absolute and divided by a model with a constant ionization). This general decrease is even larger than predicted by a model run with the SEM/CELIAS photoionization rate alone, in spite of a factor of 1.5 increase of this rate from 1996 December to 1998 June. At this time, an additional ionization rate of 0.56 × 10-7 s-1 (compared with 1.00 × 10-7 s-1 from solar EUV) is required to fit the measured low intensity. We attribute this additional rate to solar wind electron impact ionization of the atoms. This shows that the helium intensity pattern is a very sensitive indicator of the electron density and temperature near the Sun.
Rat Ovarian Function Is Impaired during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease affecting the CNS and occurring far more prevalently in women than in men. In both MS and its animal models, sex hormones play important immunomodulatory roles. We have previously shown that experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) affects the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis in rats of both sexes and induces an arrest in the estrous cycle in females. To investigate the gonadal status in female rats with EAE, we explored ovarian morphometric parameters, circulating and intraovarian sex steroid levels, and the expression of steroidogenic machinery components in the ovarian tissue. A prolonged state of diestrus was recorded during the peak of EAE, with maintenance of the corpora lutea, elevated intraovarian progesterone levels, and increased gene and protein expression of StAR, similar to the state of pseudopregnancy. The decrease in CYP17A1 protein expression was followed by a decrease in ovarian testosterone and estradiol levels. On the contrary, serum testosterone levels were slightly increased. With unchanged serum estradiol levels, these results point at extra-gonadal sites of sex steroid biosynthesis and catabolism as important regulators of their circulating levels. Our study suggests alterations in the function of the female reproductive system during central autoimmunity and highlights the bidirectional relationships between hormonal status and EAE.
Excitation and kinematics in H2 bow shocks: near-infrared observations of HH 99 and VLA 1623A (HH 313)

We present a comprehensive near-infrared study of two molecular bow shocks in two protostellar outflows, HH 99 in R Coronae Australis and VLA 1623A (HH 313) in Rho Ophiuchi. New, high-resolution, narrow-band images reveal the well-defined bow shock morphologies of both sources. These are compared with two-dimensional MHD modelling of molecular bows from which we infer flow inclination angles, shock speeds and the magnetic field in the pre-shock gas in each system. With combined echelle spectroscopy and low-resolution K-band spectra we further examine the kinematics and excitation of each source. Bow shock models are used to interpret excitation (CDR) diagrams and estimate the extinction and, in the case of VLA 1623, the ortho–para ratio associated with the observed H2 population. For the first time, morphology, excitation and kinematics are fitted with a single bow shock model. Specifically, we find that HH 99 is best fitted by a C-type bow shock model (although a J-type cap is probably responsible for the [Fe ii] emission). The bow is flowing away from the observer (at an angle to the line of sight of ∼45°) at a speed of roughly 100 km s−1. VLA 1623A is interpreted in terms of a C-type bow moving towards the observer (at an angle to the line of sight of ∼75°) at a speed of ∼80 km s−1. The magnetic field associated with HH 99 is thought to be orientated parallel to the flow axis; in VLA 1623A the field is probably oblique to the flow axis, since this source is clearly asymmetric in our H2 images.
Clinical course of pain and function in subacromial shoulder pain: a systematic review with meta-analysis

Abstract Objective To assess the clinical course of pain and function in patients with subacromial pain. Design Systematic review. Methods We searched Medline, Embase, AMED, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus for randomized clinical trials and observational studies recruiting participants with subacromial pain. Pain and function scores were extracted for groups receiving either ‘no intervention’ or ‘usual care’. Changes in pain and function from baseline were pooled at 6 weeks, 3, 6, and 12 months follow-up. Random effects meta-analyses and meta-regression were performed to assess the clinical course of pain and function in subacromial pain. Results Nineteen studies were included and 17 studies were pooled. Data from 5 studies in the ‘no intervention’ group were pooled to 3 months, showing minimal improvement for pain (mean difference, MD, 5.3/100, 95%CI −0.8 to 11.4) and function (MD 3.1/100, 95%CI −1.7 to 7.9). Data from 12 studies in ‘usual care’ group were pooled to 12 months, showing significant improvement for pain (MD 32.5/100, 95%CI 22.6 to 42.3) and function (MD 30.3/100, 95%CI 24.4 to 36.1), with approximately 40% of this gain in the first 6 weeks. Conclusion With ‘no intervention’, participants with subacromial pain are unlikely to show changes for pain and function within 3 months. For participants receiving ‘usual care’, recovery continued up to 12 months with almost 40% of this change during the first 6 weeks of care. Individuals with subacromial pain who received ‘usual care’ may have moderate changes in terms of minimal clinical important differences up to 12 months. PROSPERO registration number CRD42016052518.
The effect of viscous dissipation on non-linear convection at high Rayleigh number

Abstract When studying deep convection in a compressible medium the effects of viscous dissipation can become important and must be taken into account in any realistic model. But even in shallow convection, for which the Boussinesq approximation is valid, the viscous dissipation effects will become important at high Rayleigh numbers. These effects are estimated with the help of asymptotic methods and the results are compared with those obtained by numerical integration.
On the interface equation for the inversion of balance equations

Balance equations (BEs) which describe the balance constraints among balanced variables have wide applications in data assimilation and diagnosing balanced motions. In the applications an additional equation serving as an interface to connect the balanced variables and full ﬁelds (data assimilation analyses or ﬁelds of primitive equations) is required for the inversion of BEs to obtain the balanced variables.
A Synthesis of Early Literacy Intervention Research Conducted in Africa for Students in Kindergarten through Third Grade

Literacy is essential to the development of any nation. Despite foreign aid to support education initiatives in Africa, high rates of illiteracy persist. This synthesis examined the extent to which early literacy intervention research has been conducted in Africa and the effects of these interventions on reading outcomes for students in kindergarten through third grade. Through an extensive search of published and unpublished research conducted in Africa between 1975 and 2019, 10 studies met inclusion criteria. Only four African countries were represented, with most studies being conducted in South Africa (k = 6). There was a wide range of effects (g = −0.88 to 6.98), with substantial variability in study methodology and intervention delivery. Findings from this review suggest that early literacy interventions are understudied in African countries and, as such, there is limited knowledge about the degree to which interventions with evidence of effectiveness are generalizable to these contexts.
Traffic congestion and air pollution: Empirical evidence before/after COVID-19 in Seoul, Korea

Abstract Severe traffic congestion leads to toxic levels of air pollution. We attempt to explore how traffic congestion affects air pollution, especially PM10 and PM2.5, by focusing on the city of Seoul, Korea, which is one of the largest cities in the world and is plagued by severe traffic congestion. We employ a fixed-effect panel model with various datasets, including air pollution, travel speed, and weather conditions. The findings show that traffic congestion adversely affects air quality by increasing the concentration of PM10 and PM2.5. In particular, the impact of traffic congestion on PM10 and PM2.5 was 1.2 times and 1.7 times greater during the COVID-19 period than during the non-COVID-19 period, respectively. In addition, an increase in one unit of RCI is associated with 0.4 increase in PM10 during the peak hours, but 6.7 increase in PM10 during the non-peak hour because of the increased traffic of trucks and motorcycles induced by increased online shopping. To mitigate air pollution, it is suggested that not only reducing vehicle use, but also minimizing traffic congestion is important.
The heart and soil of value-based business: emerging circular business network and vernacular accountings

ABSTRACT The way individual actors in organisations are involved in local social orders and handle knowledge to manage everyday tasks may take various forms not sanctioned by formal organisational hierarchy, yet with the potential to affect a company’s managerial work and guide the development of formal practices. This qualitative case study deploys the concept of vernacular accountings (Kilfoyle et al., 2013) to an organisation building a business in a circular economy (CE) context. The case illustrates locally self-generated accountings as an inherent part of an organisation’s management system’s development and as tools individuals apply to manage their occupational tasks to cope with a diversity of beliefs and traditions within CE networks. The case organisation is an intermediary of industrial side streams circulation in the agricultural sector, allowing for examination of the role human–nature relationships and local understandings play in developing organisational processes and accounting practices. Moreover, the study illustrates how vernacular accountings may reveal deficiencies in formal officially sanctioned systems and thus contribute to developing management accounting and control practices. In this view, the way individuals interact, participate in vernacular information economies and produce information to justify their decisions may play a key role in understanding management accounting and control in a nonconventional business environment. The study also emphasises the importance of understanding various orientations towards sustainability and nature embraced by participants in CE business networks, suggesting that vernacular accountings may hold the potential to capture this diversity.
Movement and color: independent or complementary channels?

We analyzed how much motion coherence was needed to detect a target group of three moving dots in a dynamic visual noise background and how the addition of color helps to achieve this coherence. In order to do this, 171 different situations were analyzed: the amount of noise dots, three different organizations of the samples, and different achromatic and chromatic situations both in the backgrounds and in the samples. The results indicate that: collinear targets are easily recognizable; in an achromatic situation the increase of noise dot produces a sharp decrease in recognition; color of the dots, particularly if the color is in opponence to the background color, re-establishes this loss. The results also indicate that movement and form regularity do not appear to be additive but are interactive.
Influence of Thermal and Mechanical Load Cycling on Fracture Resistance of Premolars Filled with Calcium Silicate Sealer

The aim of this study was to evaluate the aging effect of thermomechanical cyclic load on fracture resistance of lower premolars obturated with AH Plus and BioRoot RCS root canal sealers. Forty-eight single-rooted premolars teeth were instrumented with REVO-S files up to SU/0.06 taper. The teeth were randomly assigned into 2 main groups (n = 24) according to the selected two root canal sealers (AH Plus or BioRoot RCS). All teeth were obturated using matching gutta-percha. Each main group were further divided into 3 subgroups (A, B and C) (n = 8). Group A acted as the negative control group (non-Thermomechanical aging). Whereas Group B and C were subjected first to thermal variations in a thermal cycling machine (7500 and 15,000 thermal cycles), then two different dynamic loading periods namely 3 × 105 and 6 × 105 in a masticatory simulator with a nominal load of 5 kg at 1.2 Hz which simulate approximately 1 ½ and 3 years of clinical function respectively. The roots were decoronated and fracture resistance were measured using a universal testing machine. After thermal-mechanical aging, BioRoot RCS showed significantly higher fracture resistance (p < 0.05) than AH Plus. As the thermal-mechanical cycles increased both AH Plus and BioRoot RCS exhibited a significant decrease in fracture resistance (p < 0.05). It could be concluded that thermomechanical aging had a significant impact on the outcome of the fracture resistance of AH Plus and BioRoot RCS.