Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Circulating biomarkers associated with performance and resilience during military operational stress

ABSTRACT Adaptation to military operational stress is a complex physiological response that calls upon the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis and immune system, to create a delicate balance between anabolism and catabolism and meet the demands of an ever-changing environment. As such, resilience, the ability to withstand and overcome the negative impact of stress on military performance, is likely grounded in an appropriate biological adaptation to encountered stressors. Neuroendocrine [i.e. cortisol, epinephrine (EPI), norepinephrine (NE), neuropeptide-Y (NPY), and brain derived neurotropic factor (BDNF)], inflammatory [i.e. interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-1β, IL-4, IL-10 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α], as well as growth and anabolic [i.e. insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)] biomarkers independently and interactively function in stress adaptations that are associated with a soldier’s physical and psychological performance. In this narrative review, we detail biomarkers across neuroendocrine, inflammatory, and growth stimulating domains to better elucidate the biological basis of a resilient soldier. The findings from the reviewed studies indicate that military readiness and resiliency may be enhanced through better homeostatic control, better regulated inflammatory responses, and balanced anabolic/catabolic processes. It is unlikely that one class of biomarkers is better for assessing physiological resilience. Therefore, a biomarker panel that can account for appropriate balance across these domains may be superior in developing monitoring frameworks. Real-time physiological monitoring to assess biomarkers associated with resilience will be possible pending more sophisticated technologies and provide a field-expedient application for early identification and intervention of at-risk soldiers to improve military resiliency.
Measuring oxygen access: lessons from health facility assessments in Lagos, Nigeria

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted global oxygen system deficiencies and revealed gaps in how we understand and measure ‘oxygen access’. We present a case study on oxygen access from 58 health facilities in Lagos state, Nigeria. We found large differences in oxygen access between facilities (primary vs secondary, government vs private) and describe three key domains to consider when measuring oxygen access: availability, cost, use. Of 58 facilities surveyed, 8 (14%) of facilities had a functional pulse oximeter. Oximeters (N=27) were typically located in outpatient clinics (12/27, 44%), paediatric ward (6/27, 22%) or operating theatre (4/27, 15%). 34/58 (59%) facilities had a functional source of oxygen available on the day of inspection, of which 31 (91%) facilities had it available in a single ward area, typically the operating theatre or maternity ward. Oxygen services were free to patients at primary health centres, when available, but expensive in hospitals and private facilities, with the median cost for 2 days oxygen 13 000 (US$36) and 27 500 (US$77) Naira, respectively. We obtained limited data on the cost of oxygen services to facilities. Pulse oximetry use was low in secondary care facilities (32%, 21/65 patients had SpO2 documented) and negligible in private facilities (2%, 3/177) and primary health centres (<1%, 2/608). We were unable to determine the proportion of hypoxaemic patients who received oxygen therapy with available data. However, triangulation of existing data suggested that no facilities were equipped to meet minimum oxygen demands. We highlight the importance of a multifaceted approach to measuring oxygen access that assesses access at the point-of-care and ideally at the patient-level. We propose standard metrics to report oxygen access and describe how these can be integrated into routine health information systems and existing health facility assessment tools.
Associations Between Schizophrenia Polygenic Liability, Symptom Dimensions, and Cognitive Ability in Schizophrenia

Key Points Question Are phenotypic dimensions in schizophrenia associated with genetic liability to schizophrenia, other neuropsychiatric disorders, and intelligence? Findings In this cross-sectional genetic association study of 1220 individuals with schizophrenia, analyses indicated that higher levels of disorganized symptoms, but not other symptom dimensions, and lower levels of current cognitive ability were significantly associated with schizophrenia polygenic risk scores. Current cognitive ability was also associated with intelligence polygenic risk scores. Meaning The findings of this study suggest that variation in disorganized symptoms and cognitive ability in schizophrenia are markers of schizophrenia common genetic liability; cognitive performance in schizophrenia may reflect distinct contributions from genetic liabilities to both intelligence and schizophrenia.
The Evolution of Comparative Phylogeography: Putting the Geography (and More) into Comparative Population Genomics

Abstract Comparative population genomics is an ascendant field using genomic comparisons between species to draw inferences about forces regulating genetic variation. Comparative phylogeography, by contrast, focuses on the shared lineage histories of species codistributed geographically and is decidedly organismal in perspective. Comparative phylogeography is approximately 35 years old, and, by some metrics, is showing signs of reduced growth. Here, we contrast the goals and methods of comparative population genomics and comparative phylogeography and argue that comparative phylogeography offers an important perspective on evolutionary history that succeeds in integrating genomics with landscape evolution in ways that complement the suprageographic perspective of comparative population genomics. Focusing primarily on terrestrial vertebrates, we review the history of comparative phylogeography, its milestones and ongoing conceptual innovations, its increasingly global focus, and its status as a bridge between landscape genomics and the process of speciation. We also argue that, as a science with a strong “sense of place,” comparative phylogeography offers abundant “place-based” educational opportunities with its focus on geography and natural history, as well as opportunities for collaboration with local communities and indigenous peoples. Although comparative phylogeography does not yet require whole-genome sequencing for many of its goals, we conclude that it nonetheless plays an important role in grounding our interpretation of genetic variation in the fundamentals of geography and Earth history.
Burkholderia in the genomic era: from taxonomy to the discovery of new antimicrobial secondary metabolites

Abstract Species of Burkholderia are highly versatile being found not only abundantly in soil, but also as plants and animals’ commensals or pathogens. Their complex multireplicon genomes harbour an impressive number of polyketide synthase (PKS) and nonribosomal peptide-synthetase (NRPS) genes coding for the production of antimicrobial secondary metabolites (SMs), which have been successfully deciphered by genome-guided tools. Moreover, genome metrics supported the split of this genus into Burkholderia sensu stricto (s.s.) and five new other genera. Here, we show that the successful antimicrobial SMs producers belong to Burkholderia s.s. Additionally, we reviewed the occurrence, bioactivities, modes of action, structural, and biosynthetic information of thirty-eight Burkholderia antimicrobial SMs shedding light on their diversity, complexity, and uniqueness as well as the importance of genome-guided strategies to facilitate their discovery. Several Burkholderia NRPS and PKS display unusual features, which are reflected in their structural diversity, important bioactivities, and varied modes of action. Up to now, it is possible to observe a general tendency of Burkholderia SMs being more active against fungi. Although the modes of action and biosynthetic gene clusters of many SMs remain unknown, we highlight the potential of Burkholderia SMs as alternatives to fight against new diseases and antibiotic resistance.
Using autologous thrombin in making PRP gel - case reports-

Platelet Rich Plasma(PRP) is an autologous source of transforming and growth factor (TGF, PDGF, IGF, EGF, VEGF) that seems to improve the physiological process of healing in soft and hard tissue. Through the course of making PRP, calcium chloride and commercial bovine thrombin are used to help coagulation generally. However, through many researches, the use of bovine thrombin may be associated with the development of antibodies of factor V, XI, and thrombin resulting in the risk of life-threatening coagulopathies.
Utility of ferritin and inflammatory biomarkers in the diagnosis of different stages of breast cancer

Objectives: To assess the utility of ferritin and inflammatory biomarkers in the diagnosis of stages of breast cancer. Methods: The study consisted of 4 groups of 20 women, including the healthy control. The patients of group 1 comprised of stages I and II, group 2: stage III and group 3: stage IV of the disease. High sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and hepcidin were estimated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and ferritin by chemiluminescence immunoassay. The study was carried out in 2018 at Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry-6, India. Results: The breast cancer disease progression correlated negatively with hemoglobin (Hb) (r= -0.6937, p<0.0001) and with ferritin levels, had a positive correlation (r=0.8444, p<0.0001). Ferritin negatively correlated with Hb among the subjects of the study (r= -0.6130, p<0.0001). Hepcidin correlated positively with hsCRP (r=0.998, p<0.0001). The ferritin/Hb ratio >3.9516 was used to identify the possibility of breast cancer utilizing the receiver operator curve values (area under curve [AUC]=0.997, sensitivity: 96.7, specificity:100). Ferritin values >103.4 were used to differentiate stage 4 from stage 3 of the disease (AUC: 0.893, sensitivity: 100, specificity: 85). Conclusion: Ferritin and ferritin/Hb are helpful in the differential diagnosis of stages of breast cancer.
Ion channels as convergence points in the pathology of pulmonary arterial hypertension

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a fatal disease of the cardiopulmonary system that lacks curative treatments. The main pathological event in PAH is elevated vascular resistance in the pulmonary circulation, caused by abnormal vasoconstriction and vascular remodelling. Ion channels are key determinants of vascular smooth muscle tone and homeostasis, and four PAH channelopathies (KCNK3, ABCC8, KCNA5, TRPC6) have been identified so far. However, the contribution of ion channels in other forms of PAH, which account for the majority of PAH patients, has been less well characterised. Here we reason that a variety of triggers of PAH (e.g. BMPR2 mutations, hypoxia, anorectic drugs) that impact channel function may contribute to the onset of the disease. We review the molecular mechanisms by which these ‘extrinsic’ factors converge on ion channels and provoke their dysregulation to promote the development of PAH. Ion channels of the pulmonary vasculature are therefore promising therapeutic targets because of the modulation they provide to both vasomotor tone and proliferation of arterial smooth muscle cells.
The genomic consequences of hybridization

In the past decade, advances in genome sequencing have allowed researchers to uncover the history of hybridization in diverse groups of species, including our own. Although the field has made impressive progress in documenting the extent of natural hybridization, both historical and recent, there are still many unanswered questions about its genetic and evolutionary consequences. Recent work has suggested that the outcomes of hybridization in the genome may be in part predictable, but many open questions about the nature of selection on hybrids and the biological variables that shape such selection have hampered progress in this area. We synthesize what is known about the mechanisms that drive changes in ancestry in the genome after hybridization, highlight major unresolved questions, and discuss their implications for the predictability of genome evolution after hybridization.
Parenting Practices, Bedtime Routines, and Consistency: Associations with Pediatric Sleep Problems.

OBJECTIVES Investigate the direct and moderating effects of daytime parenting practices on the relationship between bedtime routines and pediatric sleep problems. METHODS A community sample of 407 parents with children 2-10 years old completed measures of parenting practices (i.e., laxness and over-reactivity) and bedtime routines (i.e., consistency and reactivity to changes in routines). Sleep problems (i.e., severity and signaled night waking) were assessed by a parent-report questionnaire and sleep diaries. RESULTS Higher parenting laxness (β = .13) and less bedtime routine consistency (β = -.34) significantly predicted sleep problem severity. Laxness moderated the relationship between bedtime reactivity and sleep problem severity: when bedtime reactivity was high, higher parental laxness was associated with more severe sleep problems. CONCLUSIONS Daytime parenting practices are important to consider when children are reactive to changes in bedtime routines, as permissive or inconsistent daytime parenting practices were found to be associated with more severe sleep problems. Future research should examine the effects of parenting practices and bedtime routines on problematic signaled night waking in a clinical sample of children.
Quantitative Control for Stoichiometric Protein Synthesis.

Bacterial protein synthesis rates have evolved to maintain preferred stoichiometries at striking precision, from the components of protein complexes to constituents of entire pathways. Setting relative protein production rates to be well within a factor of two requires concerted tuning of transcription, RNA turnover, and translation, allowing many potential regulatory strategies to achieve the preferred output. The last decade has seen a greatly expanded capacity for precise interrogation of each step of the central dogma genome-wide. Here, we summarize how these technologies have shaped the current understanding of diverse bacterial regulatory architectures underpinning stoichiometric protein synthesis. We focus on the emerging expanded view of bacterial operons, which encode diverse primary and secondary mRNA structures for tuning protein stoichiometry. Emphasis is placed on how quantitative tuning is achieved. We discuss the challenges and open questions in the application of quantitative, genome-wide methodologies to the problem of precise protein production. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Microbiology, Volume 75 is October 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews. org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Association Between Frailty-Related Factors and Depression among Older Adults

ABSTRACT Objectives We analyzed the association between individual frailty-related factors and depression in older adults. Methods A total of 796 older adults who underwent geriatric assessments were included in this cross-sectional study. The frailty-related factors studied were grip strength, physical activity, walking speed, weight loss, and recurrent falls. Depression was based on the Geriatric Depression Scale. Results After adjustment for covariates, recurrent falls were associated with depression in males (OR 3.84, 95% CI 1.30–11.35). Among females, weakest grip strength, slow walking speed, and weight loss were associated with depression (OR 2.61, 95% CI 1.52–4.49; OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.02–3.11; and OR 2.52, 95% CI 1.17–5.44, respectively). Having more frailty-related factors was also associated with higher odds of depression. Conclusions The associations between individual frailty-related factors and depression differed among males and females. Further prospective studies on depression and individual frailty-related factors by sex may help elucidate specific targets to be prioritized for clinical assessment and intervention. Clinical implications Older adults affected by depression and frailty may present different clinical manifestations based on sex, and require different treatment approaches. Clinicians should assess both physical and psychological needs for integrated care in frail older adults.
The efficacy of randomised controlled trials of cognitive behaviour therapy for perfectionism: a systematic review and meta-analysis

ABSTRACT Perfectionism is a transdiagnostic process across anxiety, depression, and eating disorders. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the efficacy of self-help and face to face CBT for perfectionism in reducing perfectionism and anxiety, depression, and eating disorders. A total of 15 randomised controlled trials of CBT for perfectionism were identified (N = 912 participants; mean pooled age = 23 years) which met inclusion criteria. There were medium or large effect sizes found on perfectionism measures; personal standards (g = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.43–0.72), concern over mistakes (g = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.71–1.08) and clinical perfectionism (g = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.70–1.04). There were medium effects for symptoms of eating disorders (g = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.36–0.87) and depression (g = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.28–0.91), and a small-medium effect on anxiety (g = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.21–0.62). There was no publication bias found. Limitations included the small number of trials included and lack of active treatment comparisons. Results suggested that CBT for perfectionism is efficacious in reducing perfectionism and symptoms of depression, anxiety and eating disorders. Future research should examine comparisons of CBT for perfectionism with other psychological treatments.
Magnet and receiver-stimulator displacement after cochlear implantation

Objectives: To systematically review the occurrence of magnet or receiver/stimulator displacement following cochlear implant (CI) placement complication and evaluate the existing literature on this topic. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Virtual Health Library (VHL), and Cochrane Library. Original studies reporting cases of magnet or receiver-stimulator migration occurring as a complication after CI placement were included. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tool for observational studies and CARE checklist for case studies. Results: A total of 36 studies, including 6469 patients, were included. Magnet migration was reported in 82 (1.3%) patients, while receiver/stimulator was reported in 4 (0.1%) cases. The cause of magnet migration was identified in 78 cases; MRI-induced movement was the most frequently reported cause (n=43, 55.1%), followed by head trauma (n=25, 32.1%). A total of 20 studies involving 35 patients with magnet migration performed skull radiography to diagnose magnet migration. Revision/exploratory surgery with surgical repositioning or replacement was the most frequent management procedure (n=46). Conclusions: Further research on magnet pocket design and standard protocols for MRI in CI users is needed. Early diagnosis of magnet migration and instant referral to specialized CI centers is necessary for proper management and prevention of major complications. PROSPERO REG. NO. CRD: 42020204514
TDP-43 mediates SREBF2-regulated gene expression required for oligodendrocyte myelination

Ho et al. provide a novel insight on how loss of TDP-43 (a major disease protein) leads to SREBF2 (a key regulator)–dependent disruption of cholesterol metabolism, which in turn affects myelination. Their results further implicate that disturbance of cholesterol metabolism may be involved in ALS, FTD, and TDP-43 proteinopathies–related disease.
Ottawa 2020 consensus statement for programmatic assessment – 1. Agreement on the principles

Abstract Introduction In the Ottawa 2018 Consensus framework for good assessment, a set of criteria was presented for systems of assessment. Currently, programmatic assessment is being established in an increasing number of programmes. In this Ottawa 2020 consensus statement for programmatic assessment insights from practice and research are used to define the principles of programmatic assessment. Methods For fifteen programmes in health professions education affiliated with members of an expert group (n = 20), an inventory was completed for the perceived components, rationale, and importance of a programmatic assessment design. Input from attendees of a programmatic assessment workshop and symposium at the 2020 Ottawa conference was included. The outcome is discussed in concurrence with current theory and research. Results and discussion Twelve principles are presented that are considered as important and recognisable facets of programmatic assessment. Overall these principles were used in the curriculum and assessment design, albeit with a range of approaches and rigor, suggesting that programmatic assessment is an achievable education and assessment model, embedded both in practice and research. Knowledge on and sharing how programmatic assessment is being operationalized may help support educators charting their own implementation journey of programmatic assessment in their respective programmes.
Schedule Thinning Following Functional Communication Training: Effects of Chained and Multiple Schedules

Functional communication training (FCT) is used to reduce rates of problem behavior by teaching communicative responses that access functionally equivalent reinforcers. During FCT, the communicative response is typically placed on a dense schedule of reinforcement that is unlikely to be maintained in the natural environment. Experiment 1 evaluated the effects of two schedule-thinning procedures (chained schedules and multiple schedules) on problem behavior maintained by escape from demands for three participants following FCT. The chained and multiple-schedule procedures were effective in reducing rates of problem behavior. Compliance increased under both schedules, but the chained schedule resulted in higher levels of compliance with two participants. In Experiment 2, participants’ preference for the chained or multiple-schedule procedure was evaluated using a modified concurrent-chain procedure. One participant preferred the chained schedule. One participant preferred the multiple schedule. One participant did not appear to discriminate between conditions.
Management Approach to Acute Myeloid Leukemia Leveraging the Available Resources in View of the Latest Evidence: Consensus of the Saudi Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation

PURPOSE Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most prevalent acute leukemia in adults and is responsible for the majority of cancer-related mortality. In Saudi Arabia, leukemia is ranked the fifth most prevalent type of malignancy in adults. Our aim is to review existing epidemiologic data in Saudi Arabia and develop consensus guidelines for management of AML. METHODS We review literature related to AML epidemiology, treatment patterns, and outcomes in Saudi Arabia, as well as literature related to the current advances in AML treatment. A panel of 10 experts from eight institutions in Saudi Arabia reviewed the literature and developed a consensus statement. RESULT We provide an update of the available AML epidemiologic data in Saudi Arabia and describe recent developments in the diagnostic workup, risk stratification, and treatment algorithm. The consensus recommendations for the management of AML in Saudi Arabia were developed. CONCLUSION The recommendations are in parallel with the recent international guidelines for the diagnosis and management of AML.