Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechanics of 3D-Printed Polymer Lattices with Varied Design and Processing Strategies

Emerging polymer 3D-printing technologies are enabling the design and fabrication of mechanically efficient lattice structures with intricate microscale structures. During fabrication, manufacturing inconsistencies can affect mechanical efficiency, thereby driving a need to investigate how design and processing strategies influence outcomes. Here, mechanical testing is conducted for 3D-printed lattice structures while altering topology, relative density, and exposure time per layer using digital light processing (DLP). Experiments compared a Cube topology with 800 µm beams and Body-Centered Cube (BCC) topologies with 500 or 800 µm beams, all designed with 40% relative density. Cube lattices had the lowest mean measured relative density of ~42%, while the 500 µm BCC lattice had the highest relative density of ~55%. Elastic modulus, yield strength, and ultimate strength had a positive correlation with measured relative density when considering measurement distributions for thirty samples of each design. BCC lattices designed with 50%, 40%, and 30% relative densities were then fabricated with exposure-per-layer times of 1500 and 1750 ms. Increasing exposure time per layer resulted in higher scaling of mechanical properties to relative density compared to design alteration strategies. These results reveal how design and fabrication strategies affect mechanical performance of lattices suitable for diverse engineering applications.
Genome-Wide Identification of Brassica napus PEN1-LIKE Genes and Their Expression Profiling in Insect-Susceptible and Resistant Cultivars

Recently, it has been reported that a gene (PEN1) in Arabidopsis thaliana is highly resistant to Plutella xylostella. We screened all the homologous genes of PEN1 in Arabidopsis thaliana and found that the motif of these genes was very conserved. At present, few insect resistance genes have been identified and characterized in Brassica napus. Therefore, we screened all the homologous genes containing this motif in the Brassica napus genome and systematically analyzed the basic information, conserved domain, evolutionary relationship, chromosomal localization and expression analysis of these genes. In this study, 12 PEN1 homologous genes were identified in the Brassica napus genome, which is more than the number in Arabidopsis thaliana. These genes are unevenly distributed on the 12 chromosomes in Brassica napus. Furthermore, all the PEN1 homologous genes contained light responsiveness elements, and most of the genes contained gibberellin-responsive elements, meJA-responsive elements and abscisic-acid-responsive elements. The results will provide a theoretical basis for screening insect resistance genes from the genome of Brassica napus and analyzing the molecular mechanism of insect resistance in Brassica napus.
Forster and Sober on the Curve-Fitting Problem

Forster and Sober present a solution to the curve-fitting problem based on Akaike's Theorem. Their analysis shows that the curve with the best epistemic credentials need not always be the curve that most closely fits the data. However, their solution does not, without further argument, avoid the two difficulties that are traditionally associated with the curve-fitting problem: (1) that there are infinitely many equally good candidate-curves relative to any given set of data, and (2) that these best candidates include curves with indefinitely many bumps.
Mitochondrial Autophagy in Ischemic Aged Livers

Mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) is a central catabolic event for mitochondrial quality control. Defective or insufficient mitophagy, thus, can result in mitochondrial dysfunction, and ultimately cell death. There is a strong causal relationship between ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and mitochondrial dysfunction following liver resection and transplantation. Compared to young patients, elderly patients poorly tolerate I/R injury. Accumulation of abnormal mitochondria after I/R is more prominent in aged livers than in young counterparts. This review highlights how altered autophagy is mechanistically involved in age-dependent hypersensitivity to reperfusion injury.
Feasibility and Application of the B.E.A.T. Testbed for Assessing the Effects of Lower Limb Exoskeletons on Human Balance

Assessing the performance of exoskeletons in assisting human balance is important for their design process. This study proposes a novel testbed, the B.E. A.T (Balance Evaluation Automated Testbed) to address this aim. We applied the B.E. A.T to evaluate how the presence of a lower limb exoskeleton influenced human balance. The B.E. A.T. consists of a robotic platform, standardized protocols, and performance indicators. Fifteen healthy subjects were enrolled and subjected to repeatable step-type ground perturbations in different directions using the multi-axis robotic platform. Each participant performed three trials, both with and without the exoskeleton (EXO and No-EXO conditions). Nine performance indicators, divided into kinematic and body stability indicators, were computed. The reliability of performance indicators was assessed by computing the Inter Class Correlation (ICC). The indicators showed good (0.60 ≤ ICC < 0.75) to excellent (ICC ≥ 0.75) reliability. The comparison between the EXO and No-EXO conditions revealed a significant increase in the joint range of motion and the center of pressure displacement while wearing the exoskeleton. The main differences between the EXO and No-EXO conditions were found in the range of motion of the knee joints, with an increment up to 17° in the sagittal plane.
Gain Enhancement of Horn Antenna Using a Metal Lens

A compact wideband open-horn antenna is proposed for point-to-point wireless communications. The antenna consists of a spatial power divider and an <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-plane lens. Both the power divider and lens are metallic, fabricated by using 3-D-printing technology. Our proposed lens has wrinkled subchannels of different lengths to convert the original quasi-cylindrical wavefront into a nearly planar wavefront across a wide frequency range, giving a wideband high-gain antenna. The operating principle and the design guideline are given. Using the guideline, two design examples with different <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$E$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-field magnitude distributions are studied and fabricated for Ku-band applications. The first design has a uniform <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$E$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-field magnitude distribution, with its maximum measured gain and normalized sidelobe level (SLL) being 18.1 dBi and −9.4 dB, respectively. The second design has a tapered <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$E$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-field magnitude distribution. In this case, the maximum measured gain and normalized SLL are 19.6 dBi and −15.0 dB, respectively. The overall measured 3-dB gain bandwidths of the two designs are more than 46.7%. It is found that the sizes (axial lengths) of the proposed designs are smaller than those of optimum horn antennas by more than 60%.
Therapeutic Effects of Cannabinoids and Their Applications in COVID-19 Treatment

Cannabis sativa is one of the first medicinal plants used by humans. Its medical use remains controversial because it is a psychotropic drug whose use has been banned. Recently, however, some countries have approved its use, including for recreational and medical purposes, and have allowed the scientific study of its compounds. Cannabis is characterized by the production of special types of natural products called phytocannabinoids that are synthesized exclusively by this genus. Phytocannabinoids and endocannabinoids are chemically different, but both pharmacologically modulate CB1, CB2, GRP55, GRP119 and TRPV1 receptor activities, involving activities such as memory, sleep, mood, appetite and motor regulation, pain sensation, neuroinflammation, neurogenesis and apoptosis. Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are phytocannabinoids with greater pharmacological potential, including anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and anticonvulsant activities. Cannabidiol is showing promising results for the treatment of COVID-19, due to its capability of acting on the unleashed cytokine storm, on the proteins necessary for both virus entry and replication and on the neurological consequences of patients who have been infected by the virus. Here, we summarize the latest knowledge regarding the advantages of using cannabinoids in the treatment of COVID-19.
Deterioração da superfície de cinco madeiras amazônicas expostas ao intemperismo natural

A madeira na construção civil apresenta restrições quanto ao seu uso externo devido às ações do intemperismo natural, que podem representar um risco real pois modificam as características desse material. Neste estudo objetivou-se avaliar a deterioração da superfície das madeiras de Trattinnickia rhoifolia (Amescla), Parkia pendula (Angelim), Erisma uncinatum (Cedro), Apuleia leiocarpa (Garapeira) e Mezilaurus itauba (Itaúba) expostas ao intemperismo natural. Para tanto, amostras de madeira foram expostas às intempéries em uma plataforma metálica, sem contato com o solo, durante 360 dias. A cada 60 dias realizou-se a caracterização da superfície das madeiras por meio da colorimetria (L*, a*, b*, C*, h e ∆E), rugosidade (Ra, Rz e Rt) e dureza Rockwell. A exposição ao intemperismo natural tornou a superfície das madeiras mais escurecidas (coloração acinzentada), resultante da redução dos parâmetros colorimétricos L*, a* e b*. A madeira de E. uncinatum apresentou os menores valores de variação total da cor (∆E). Além da descoloração, as madeiras intemperizadas tornaram-se mais rugosas e com menor dureza Rockwell, devido à formação de fissuras superficiais. As madeiras de A. leiocarpa e M. itauba apresentaram maior estabilidade da rugosidade e da dureza Rockwell durante o período de exposição às intempéries.
Simulation of the superradiant quantum phase transition in the superconducting charge qubits inside a cavity

In this paper, we propose an experimentally feasible scheme that the superconducting quantum interference devices are coupled with a high-quality cavity supporting a single-mode photon, to realize an effective Dicke model. By using several hundred artificial two-level atoms, the strong coupling regime can be successfully achieved. Moreover, in our proposal the superradiant phase transition for this model can be well controlled by the frequency of external magnetic flux when the superconducting charge qubits work at their optimal point, in which the qubits can be mostly immune from charge noise produced by uncontrollable charge fluctuations. Finally, we propose to observe this phase transition by detecting the intracavity intensity in terms of a heterodyne detector out of the cavity.
Acoustic overstimulation reduces 2f1 − f2 cochlear emissions at low and high primary levels in the cat

The cubic distortion product, 2f1 − f2 (DP), was recorded in the cat ear canal as the level of two primary tones (f1 and f2,f1 <f2, L1 = L2) were varied from approximately 40 to 90 dB SPL. Primary frequencies were either 8.0 and 10.4 or 4.0 and 5.2 kHz. The DP level grows slowly at low primary levels and usually exhibits a sharp dip with primaries between 60 and 70 dB SPL. Above the dip, the growth is rapid, approaching a cubic relationship to the primary levels. After stimulation with a 90–100 dB SPL pure tone at f1 for 20–40 min, the auditory‐nerve responses to tone pips near f2 are reduced, indicating a threshold shift and sensorineural hearing impairment. In addition, the DP levels are altered at all primary levels. Below the original dip, it is frequently difficult to detect DP after overstimulation. A dip is usually seen at a higher level than before. At the highest primary levels used (90–100 dB SPL), DP levels are also significantly reduced. In similar experiments in the alligator lizard reported .
Problematic using of the Internet among seniors – a pilot study

The use of the Internet is nowadays an important element of each person’s life. Along with the advancement of technology, older adults use the Internet ever more frequently. (CBOS, 2016; CBOS, 2018). The aim of the study was to verify if seniors actually differ from people in middle adulthood in terms of the severity of problematic Internet use and its selected correlates - personality structure and coping strategies. The conducted research was a pilot study. The statistical analysis included the results of studies conducted among 44 individuals in late adulthood and 41 individuals in middle adulthood. The average age among seniors was 67 years and in the control group – 35 years. The respondents resided in the Małopolska Province. The study used the Problematic Use of the Internet Test in the Polish adaptation by Ryszard Poprawa. This tool makes it possible to identify the severity of symptoms of problematic Internet use (Poprawa, 2011). In addition, the Inventory for Measuring Coping with Stress - Mini-COPE and the IPIP-BFM-20 Questionnaire were used. The results of the analyses showed no significant differences in the severity of problematic Internet use and the personality structure between the studied group of seniors and people in middle adulthood. Significant differences were found in the aspect of coping with stress. Specifically, people in late adulthood obtained significantly lower results on the sense of humour subscale and significantly higher results on the subscale of religious coping than people in middle adulthood. It should be emphasized that the conclusions of the conducted research may not only provide a significant indication for effective preventive interventions aimed at seniors, but also confirm the need for further, in-depth analysis in this area.
Determining Rail Track Axis Geometry Using Satellite and Terrestrial Geodetic Data

Abstract In this paper, a multi-sensor data acquisition system and a method for extracting the track axis geometry of railways are introduced. The rail track surveying system employs GPS and a tracking total station for absolute referencing, aided by a biaxial inclinometer for reducing the data into a common datum in canted sections and a digital odometer for linear referencing. Track axis extraction depends on rail track positional data, whereas its geometric modelling is performed on the basis of design elements using the bearing diagram and the Generalised Least Squares (GLS) method on the horizontal and vertical track layout. In addition, a supplementary algorithm for computing the rail curvature is presented. Extended test runs were conducted to validate the feasibility of the system and the method. The test results show that a directional uncertainty of better than 0.01° in tangent sections and deviations between the actual and computed track radii of better than 1% in curved sections are achievable.
The chemical composition, gravity and temperature of Vega.

Several flux-constant, line-blanketed model stellar atmospheres have been computed for the bright star Vega. The stellar effective temperature has been found to be 9650 K by comparisions of observed and computed absolute fluxes at 5556 A and of relative absolute fluxes between 3300 and 10800 A. The Balmer line profiles give log g=3.9 +- 0.2, consistent with the result from the Balmer jump and with that found from the radius and (estimated) mass. Te Ti II and Fe II curves of growth give abundances of log N(Ti)=4.7 +- 0.3 and log N(Fe)=7.1 +- 0.3 on the scale log N(H)=12.0. These abundances are slightly less than normalized meteoritic values and solar values deduced from ionized lines. The local thermodynamic equilbrium (LTE) Fe I curve of growth gives log N(Fe)=6.9 +- 0.3, whereas correction for non-LTE effects suggests log N(Fe)=7.5 +- 0.3.
Varieties of leaky waves and their excitation along multilayered structures

The varieties of leaky waves supported by planar multi-layered structures are determined for the general case of an arbitrarily stratified layer placed between a substrate and a superstrate. For lossless media in the substrate and superstrate, but for either lossy or lossless layers, a total of eight different leaky-wave fields are found. These various types of leaky waves are distinguished by forward or backward traveling characteristics on the one hand, and by similar (co-leaky) or different (contra-leaky) power-flow behavior in the two exterior regions on the other hand. The co-leaky waves can exist if the superstrate and substrate consist of either the same or different media, but the contra-leaky waves appear only if these media are different. By investigating the field generated by realistic sources, it is shown that only four out of the eight leaky-wave varieties can be excited so that the other four should have little physical significance. However, the excitable four types of leaky waves can be strongly generated by suitable sources, and three of them have already found interesting applications in the coupling of beams into (or out of) layered structures and in the guiding of plasmon waves by thin metal films.
Protein Glycosylation as Biomarkers in Gynecologic Cancers

Gynecologic cancers are the leading cause of death in women. Endometrial, ovarian, and cervical cancer are the three main types of gynecologic cancers. Poor prognoses and high mortality rates of advanced-stage cancer are still challenges of all three types. Diagnostic tools for early cancer detection could be the cornerstone for further cancer treatment and prevention. Glycosylation plays a vital role in cell proliferation, adhesion, motility, and angiogenesis, and is aberrantly expressed in cancer cells. Alterations of glycosylation may represent promising biomarkers with potential diagnostic and monitoring applications, as well as disease prognosis. Many glycosylated biomarkers, including glycoprotein, glycan, and enzyme, were discovered and well-studied for application in gynecologic cancers. Some of them have been developed as targets for cancer treatment. The use of certain biomarkers for diagnostics and monitoring of gynecologic cancers has clinical advantages, as it is quantitative, comparable, convenient, and inexpensive. However, one of the single markers have sufficient sensitivity for the screening of gynecologic cancers. In this review, we introduced the details of glycosylation and the current application of glycosylated biomarkers in these three cancers. Moreover, we also reviewed the different roles of each biomarker in other cancers and aimed to understand these glycosylated biomarkers comprehensively.
On the Theory of Dislocations

If, in a multiply‐connected elastic solid, discontinuities are permitted across a stationary barrier in either the strain or its first derivatives or both, dislocations of a more general type than encountered in classical theory are possible. A number of these more general dislocations have been obtained for states of plane and anti‐plane strain in a hollow right circular cylinder when the surface of discontinuity is a single stationary plane barrier. Some of the dislocations found possess the characteristic that although the strain is continuous across the barrier the displacement discontinuity is not one which would be possible in a rigid body. Examination of the conditions for the uniqueness of solution of the boundary value problems of elasticity reveals that when dislocations of the more general type are admitted appropriate data must be given at each point on the specified barrier in addition to the usual information.
Linear theory of electromagnetic instabilities in plasmas with a hollow q-profile

Electromagnetic instabilities in a plasma with a hollow q-profile are investigated. The tearing mode is found to be unstable even in the absence of external driving magnetic energy and can manifest itself either as the ‘binary-tearing’ mode with two peaks near the rational surfaces or as the ‘centred’ mode. The centred mode has no classical analogue and a higher growth rate than the ‘double-tearing’ limit. The double-tearing mode of Pritchett et al. is a special case of a binary-tearing mode.
A system architecture for decision-making support on ISR missions with stochastic needs and profit

In this paper, we propose a system architecture for decision-making support on ISR (i.e., Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance) missions via optimizing resource allocation. We model a mission as a graph of tasks, each of which often requires exclusive access to some resources. Our system guides users through refinement of their needs through an interactive interface. To maximize the chances of executing new missions, the system searches for pre-existent information collected on the field that best fit the needs. If this search fails, a set of new requests representing users' requirements is considered to maximize the overall benefit constrained by limited resources. If an ISR request cannot be satisfied, feedback is generated to help the commander further refine or adjust their information requests in order to still provide support to the mission. In our work, we model both demands for resources and the importance of the information retrieved realistically in that they are not fully known at the time a mission is submitted and may change overtime during execution. The amount of resources consumed by a mission may not be deterministic; e.g., a mission may last slightly longer or shorter than expected, or more of a resource may be required to complete a task. Furthermore, the benefits received from the mission, which we call profits, may also be non-deterministic; e.g., successfully localizing a vehicle might be more important than expected for accomplishing the entire operation. Therefore, when satisfying ISR requirements we take into account both constraints on the underlying resources and uncertainty of demands and profits.
Negative charge injection to a positively charged SiO2 hole exposed to plasma etching in a pulsed two-frequency capacitively coupled plasma in CF4/Ar

As microchips become smaller, the threat of damage to the device elements of Si semiconductors by charging during plasma etching will become significant. It will be of first importance to establish a plasma-etching technique that does not involve charging, i.e., “charging-free plasma processing. ” Here, we utilize the effect of negative charge acceleration under a double layer in order to neutralize the charge inside a microstructure exposed to plasma etching. We have constructed a dual measurement system consisting of an emission in an interface and a contact hole charging on a SiO2 wafer during etching in two-frequency capacitively coupled plasma (2f-CCP) in CF4/Ar and pure Ar. A reduction in charging voltage is measured in the pulsed operation both of the plasma power source and of the wafer bias in the 2f-CCP in electronegative gases, CF4/Ar.
The area of isodensity contours as a measure of large-scale structure

A technique for describing quantitatively the large-scale structure of the universe is developed analytically. The isodensity contour surfaces at the nu(sigma0) level in a smoothed three-dimensional density field are associated with a statistical measure defined as the mean area of the isodensity contour per unit volume of the density field. A more easily computed function related to this measure is also derived and shown (1) to provide the same information as the genus statistic G(s) of Gott et al. (1987) and (2) to permit distinction between Gaussian and non-Gaussian distributions in the large-scale structure. 15 references.