Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An automatic diacritization algorithm for undiacritized Arabic text

Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) is used today in most written and some spoken media. It is, however, not the native dialect of any country. Recently, the rate of the written dialectal Arabic text increased dramatically. Most of these texts have been written in the Egyptian dialectal, as it is considered the most widely used dialect and understandable throughout the Middle East. Like other Semitic languages, in written Arabic, short vowels are not written, but are represented by diacritic marks. Nonetheless, these marks are not used in most of the modern Arabic texts (for example books and newspapers). The absence of diacritic marks creates a huge ambiguity, as the un-diacritized word may correspond to more than one correct diacritization (vowelization) form. Hence, the aim of this research is to reduce the ambiguity of the absences of diacritic marks using hybrid algorithm with significantly higher accuracy than the state-of-the-art systems for MSA. Moreover, this research is to implement and evaluate the accuracy of the algorithm for dialectal Arabic text. The design of the proposed algorithm based on two main techniques as follows: statistical n-gram along with maximum likelihood estimation and morphological analyzer. Merging the word, morpheme, and letter levels with their sub-models together into one platform in order to improve the automatic diacritization accuracy is the proposition of this research. Moreover, by utilizing the feature of the case ending diacritization, which is ignoring the diacritic mark on the last letter of the word, shows a significant error improvement. The reason for this remarkable improvement is that the Arabic language prohibits adding diacritic marks over some letters. The hybrid algorithm demonstrated a good performance of 97.9% when applied to MSA corpora (Tashkeela), 97.1% when applied on LDC’s Arabic Treebank-Part 3 v1.0 and 91.8% when applied to Egyptian dialectal corpus (CallHome). The main contribution of this research is the hybrid algorithm for automatic diacritization of undiacritized MSA text and dialectal Arabic text. The proposed algorithm applied and evaluated on Egyptian colloquial dialect, the most widely dialect understood and used throughout the Arab world, which is considered as first time based on the literature review.
Molecular monitoring of the introgression in Gossypium hirsutum L. of G. sturtanium Willis genes controlling the "glanded-plant and glandless-seed" trait

One hundred mapped micro-satellites markers located on the chromosomes of subgenome Ah were used to monitor the introgression of DNA fragments coming from the Australian species G. sturtianum willis in BC1, BC2, BC2S1, BC2S2, BC2S3, BC3, BC3S1 and BC3S2 obtained from the G. hirsutum L. x G. raimondii Ulb. x G. sturtianum (HRS) trispecific: hybrid. In these plants, the inhibition of the gossypol synthesis only in the seed seems to be linked to the substitution of fragments of linkage groups C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7 and C9 of G. hirsutum by homeologous segments of G. sturtianum chromosomes. The prospect to use these genetic stocks to develop commercial varieties is discussed according to the putative genetic determinism of the "low-gossypol seed and high-gossypol plant" trait. (Resume d'auteur)
Seasonality and trend prediction of scarlet fever incidence in mainland China from 2004 to 2018 using a hybrid SARIMA-NARX model

Background Scarlet fever is recognized as being a major public health issue owing to its increase in notifications in mainland China, and an advanced response based on forecasting techniques is being adopted to tackle this. Here, we construct a new hybrid method incorporating seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) with a nonlinear autoregressive with external input(NARX) to analyze its seasonality and trend in order to efficiently prevent and control this re-emerging disease. Methods Four statistical models, including a basic SARIMA, basic nonlinear autoregressive (NAR) method, traditional SARIMA-NAR and new SARIMA-NARX hybrid approaches, were developed based on scarlet fever incidence data between January 2004 and July 2018 to evaluate its temporal patterns, and their mimic and predictive capacities were compared to discover the optimal using the mean absolute percentage error, root mean square error, mean error rate, and root mean square percentage error. Results The four preferred models identified were comprised of the SARIMA(0,1,0)(0,1,1)12, NAR with 14 hidden neurons and five delays, SARIMA-NAR with 33 hidden neurons and five delays, and SARIMA-NARX with 16 hidden neurons and 4 delays. Among which presenting the lowest values of the aforementioned indices in both simulation and prediction horizons is the SARIMA-NARX method. Analyses from the data suggested that scarlet fever was a seasonal disease with predominant peaks of summer and winter and a substantial rising trend in the scarlet fever notifications was observed with an acceleration of 9.641% annually, particularly since 2011 with 12.869%, and moreover such a trend will be projected to continue in the coming year. Conclusions The SARIMA-NARX technique has the promising ability to better consider both linearity and non-linearity behind scarlet fever data than the others, which significantly facilitates its prevention and intervention of scarlet fever. Besides, under current trend of ongoing resurgence, specific strategies and countermeasures should be formulated to target scarlet fever.
Mining emerging massive scientific sequence data using block-wise decomposition methods

Qi Zhang: Mining Emerging Massive Scientific Sequence Data using Block-wise Decomposition Methods. (Under the direction of Wei Wang.) I present efficient data mining algorithms for knowledge discovery on two types of emerging large-scale sequence-based scientific datasets: 1) static sequence data generated from SNP diversity arrays for genomic studies, and 2) dynamic sequence data collected in streaming and sensor network systems for environmental studies. The massive, noisy nature of the SNP arrays and the distributive, online nature of sensor network data pose challenging issues for knowledge discovery such as scalability, robustness, and efficiency. Despite the different characteristics of the SNP arrays and streaming sensor data, when viewed as sequences of ordered observations, both can be efficiently mined using algorithms based on block-wise decomposition methods. I present models and mining algorithms for inferring the genetic variation structure in genome-wide Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) arrays. Genome-wide SNP arrays provide a comprehensive view of genome variation and serve as powerful resources for genetic and biomedical studies. Understanding the patterns of genetic variation in a population of individuals plays an important role in solving many genetics problems such as genealogy reconstruction and gene association studies. In this thesis, I propose data mining models and algorithms to efficiently infer genetic variation structure from the massive SNP panels of recombinant sequences resulting from meiotic recombination. I introduced the Minimum Segmentation Problem (MSP) to infer the segmentation structure of a single recombinant strain, as well as the Minimum Mosaic Problem (MMP) to infer the mosaic structure on a panel of recombinant strains. Both MSP and MMP estimate the ancestral polymorphism patterns exhibited in recombinant strains which provides important inputs for the subsequent association analysis. Efficient dynamic programming and graph algorithms based on block-wise decomposition are proposed which can solve MSP and MMP on genome-wide large-scale panels. I present efficient algorithms for mining massive streaming and sensor network data for observational sciences such as ecology and environmental studies. I proposed efficient algo-
Unawareness of Olfactory Dysfunction in Older Adults

Deterioration of olfaction is a common phenomenon observed in the senior population. A number of factors may cause this deficit including infections, aging and neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of the self-report as a measure of olfactory function in seniors. A total of 93 community-dwelling participants (43 men and 50 women) from the Quebec NuAge cohort on Nutrition and Successful Aging participated in the Olfactory Response and Cognition in Aging (ORCA) study. The age range was 80-95 years and all subjects had a telephone mini mental state examination (t-MMSE) score > 18. Individuals were interviewed using a self-report (“do you suffer from smell problems? ’’) and quantitative (University of Pennsylvania Smelling Identification Test (UPSIT)) olfactory tests. Based on the self-report, 81% of the participants claimed to have a normal sense of olfaction. However, based on the UPSIT, 95% of them showed different forms of microsmia. These results reveal that most senior citizens are unaware of their olfactory dysfunction and indicate that an self-report questionnaire is not a valid instrument to assess olfactory function in the aging population.
The Pursuit of Permanence: A Study of the English Child Care System

Preface. Acknowledgements. 1. Introduction. 2. Who is Looked After? The Children's Characteristics. 3. Who is Looked After? The Children's Families, Wishes and Behaviour. 4. Groups of Children and Their Chance of Permanence. 5. Admissions and Discharges. 6. The Children and Their Different Paths in Care. 7. Going Home and Leaving Care: The Case Studies. 8. Placements: How They are Used. 9. Placements: How One Leads to Another. 10. Children Based in Care. 11. Children and Outcomes. 12. Placements and Outcomes. 13. Carers, Homes and Outcomes. 14. Teams and Outcomes. 15. Councils and Outcomes. 16. An Overview. Appendix 1. Representativeness of the Study Samples. Appendix 2. Analysis of National Data. Appendix 3. Monitoring and Quality Assurance. References. Subject index. Author index.
Farmer Participatory Assessment of Integrated Pest Management Strategies against the Insect Pest of Lowland Rice in Coastal Odisha

Lowland rice based cropping system is the predominate farming situation in the coastal ecology of Odisha. Besides, the various abiotic constraints like submergence, nutrient deficiency, iron toxicity, the lowland rice is subjected to different biotic stresses like insect pest, disease, weed infestation and algal blooms contributing towards substantial yield loss. Among them, insect pest infestation continues to be the important production constraint in lowland rice ecology. Zhimomi and Ao (2011) reported that the incidence of major insect pests of rice is the highest in lowland as compared to upland paddy ecosystem. Nearly 300 species of insect pests attack the rice crop at different stages and among them 23 species cause notable damage (Pasalu and Katti, 2006) resulting in 30-35% yield loss. (Prakash et al., 2007). Yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas Walker) is one of the most destructive pests of this crop and is widely distributed monophagous pest in the Indian subcontinent (Atwal and Dhaliwal, 2008) with an estimated yield loss of 27-34% every year (Prasad et al., 2007) and has assumed status as national pest (Pasalu et al., Farmer Participatory Assessment of Integrated Pest Management Strategies against the Insect Pest of Lowland Rice in Coastal Odisha
Sound classification of dwellings – A diversity of national schemes in Europe

Sound classification schemes for dwellings exist in ten countries in Europe, typically prepared and published as national standards. The schemes define quality classes intended to reflect different levels of acoustical comfort. The main criteria concern airborne and impact sound insulation between dwellings, facade sound insulation and installation noise. This paper presents the sound classification schemes in Europe and compares the class criteria for sound insulation between dwellings. The schemes have been implemented and revised gradually since the early 1990s. However, due to lack of coordination, there are significant discrepancies, and new standards and revisions continue to increase the diversity. Descriptors, number of quality classes, class intervals and class levels vary – as well as the status of the classification schemes in relation to regulatory requirements. In some countries, the building code and the classification standard are incoherent, in other countries strongly "integrated", implying that the building code refers to a specific class in a classification standard rather than describing requirements. The diversity in Europe is an obstacle for exchange of experience about constructions fulfilling different classes. The current variety of descriptors and classes also causes trade barriers. Thus, there is a need to harmonize characteristics of the schemes, and a European COST Action TU0901 "Integrating and Harmonizing Sound Insulation Aspects in Sustainable Urban Housing Constructions", has been established and runs 2009-2013. The main objectives of TU0901 are to prepare proposals for harmonized sound insulation descriptors and for a European sound classification scheme with a number of quality classes for dwellings.
Analytic R-groups of a‰ne Hecke algebras

Let H be an a‰ne Hecke algebra in the sense of Lusztig (see [16] or [25]). The Fréchet algebra S, the Schwartz algebra completion of H, is a central object of study for the harmonic analysis of H. The key to understanding the structure of S is the Fourier transform isomorphism F which (by the main result of [9], Theorem 5.3) identifies S with the algebra of Weyl group invariant sections of a certain smooth endomorphism bundle over the space Xu of ‘‘tempered standard induction data. ’’ Such a tempered standard induction datum consists of a triple ðP; d; tÞ where P denotes a subset of the set of simple roots of the based root system underlying H. This subset P defines a ‘‘standard Levi subalgebra’’ H of H, with semisimple quotient HP, and d denotes a discrete series representation of HP. Finally t is a unitary induction parameter for HP, which is used to lift d to a unitary representation dt of H . The set of such unitary parameters has the structure of a compact real torus. Thus Xu is a finite union of compact tori.
Doctoral thesis "On differential geometry of surfaces in anti de Sitter 3-space''

We investigate the differential geometry of surfaces in Anti de Sitter 3-space as an application of the theory of singularities. We first show six ¥textit{Legendrian dualities} between pseudo-spheres in semi-Euclidean 4-space with index 2 which are basic tools for the study of extrinsic differential geometry of submanifolds in these pseudo-spheres. Secondly, we apply the Legendrian dualities to investigate the geometric properties of non-degenerate surfaces in Anti de Sittter 3-space. We study the spacelike surfaces in Anti de Sitter 3-space as the first step of this research. We define the timelike Anti de Sitter Gauss images and timelike Anti de Sitter height functions on spacelike surfaces and investigate the geometric meanings of singularities of these mappings. We consider the contact of spacelike surfaces with models (so-called AdS-great-hyperboloids) as an application of Legendrian singularity theory. Thirdly, we also use the Legendrian dualities to study the geometric properties of timelike surfaces in Anti de Sitter 3-space. We define two mappings associated to a timelike surface which are called {AÂ¥it Anti de Sitter nullcone Gauss image} and {AÂ¥it Anti de Sitter torus Gauss map. } We can prove that the nullcone Gauss image is a Legendrian map and the classification of its generic singularities is given. We investigate the relation between the Anti de Sitter null Gauss image and the Anti de Sitter torus Gauss mapping. We prove that the Anti de Sitter torus Gauss mapping is a Lagrangian mapping, and that the Legendrian lift of the Anti de Sitter nullcone Gauss image is a covering of the Lagrangian lift of the Anti de Sitter torus Gauss mapping. We also define a family of functions named {AÂ¥it Anti de Sitter null height function} on the timelike surface. We use this family of functions as a basic tool to investigate the geometric meanings of singularities of the Anti de Sitter nullcone Gauss image and the Anti de Sitter torus Gauss map. At last, we study the geometric properties of degenerate surfaces, which are called AÂ¥textit{AdS null surfaces}, in Anti de Sitter 3-space from a contact viewpoint. These surfaces are associated to spacelike curves in Anti de Sitter 3-space. The geometry of these spacelike curves determines the behavior of the corresponding AdS null surfaces. We define a map which is called the AÂ¥textit{torus Gauss image}. It appears to be associated to the contacts of the spaclike curve with some model in Anti de Sitter 3-space. We also define two families of functions and use them to investigate the singularities of AdS null surfaces and torus Gauss images as applications of singularity theory of functions.
Do we Need to Screen Uremic Patients for Toxoplasmosis before Kidney Transplantation

Background: Toxoplasmosis can cause serious complications among persons with weakened immune systems and therefore in solid organ transplant patients. Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the value of screening for toxoplasma antibody titers in the donors and recipients candidate for renal transplantation in Ahvaz city, Iran. Materials and Methods: In a cross sectional study from March 2010 to April 2012, we evaluated donors and recipients who referred to our kidney transplant center in Naft Hospital, Ahwaz, Iran.Routine pre transplante laboratory testes including liver function and toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibody were performed. Results: A total of 52 people, 30 donors (20 male and 10 Female) and 22 recipients (12 male and 10 female) were included in the study. Mean age of donors and recipients were 30.32 ± 6.75 years and 45.09 ± 10.57 years respectively. The marker of HBV and HCV infection were negative in 100% of recipients and donors. Toxoplasma IgG antibody was positive in 45.45 percent of recipients (N = 10) and 63.33 percent of donors (N = 19) but there was no statistically significant difference between them (P = 0 .057) and between males and females (P = 0.74). Toxoplasma IgM antibody was negative in 100 percent of recipients (N = 22) and 93.33 percent of donors (N = 28). Conclusions: According to seropositivity for toxoplasma infection in about half of donors and recipients candidate for kidney transplantation, we should perform screening for this infection to avoid kidney donation from seropositive donor to seronegative recipient.
The Anticholinesterase Activity of Certain Neuromyal Facilitatory Drugs

Indirect evidence (Blaber. 1963) has . uouted that facUttatoIT drug. mal' potenUa,. the mUlcte twitch and anta,oni.e tubocurariae without lDbibttln, aceVlcholilleatera •• (AChE). 1ft the pre •• nt . tuq th. bldir.ct17 sUmulated cat anterior tibla11. mu.ct. wu -eel; dr'up w . lajeeted clo.e arteriaUy (5 microlftml. aad iIltraveD~ (JIO microFilm.). A t the het.t of the facilltatol7 effect. DW was irQecteci intravellCJ\laq ill doa . wbich completel, iDblbited ACbB tn c_trot . erimeng. The femoral artel')' and vela were •• aeqaentl7ltpted. Oae hour later, the mu.cle wu removed ud . tafAed for ACd Uln, the ltoeU. teelmique. The pre· . ce of . talA indicated. AChE protecUcm b7 the faeWtato17 drup and enqme iDhtD1U.n at facUitato. ,. do. Aulo. ,. In ! U£! tudie. w.re performed. Small . of ",. Ufmble and edNphooS.vm, given clo.e arteriaUy, and larger d •••• of edrftphoJW.lm, "va lntrav8IlOWI17. facilitated neurom'Ucu1ar traAami.8101l without iIlbtblUn, ACbB. Ambenold.um, atvan clos8 arteriaUy, and ambenoalurn and ne08tig.mine, given 1ntrav •• . q. 1Dh1blted AChE. Methoapmbenonium produced aUght lDhlblti_ "vea m:traveJlGWl17.r cloee uterla1l,. Alternate tbeorle. to the anUeho1lne.tera. e the.17 of the meeh.ani. m . , acUon of the.e compoundl are discused. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . 1 Anatomy and Physiology . 2 Junctional Morphology • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 2 Gross . • . • . • . 2 Ultrastruc1lJ.re . • . • . • . 3 Junctional Transmission. • . 7 Acetylcholine. • . • • . • . • . 7 Cholinesterase. • • 9 Pharmacology . • . • . • . 13 N eostigrnine . 13 E drophonium . • . • . 15 Oxamides. • . 17 DFP. • • • . • • • • . • • • • • • • . • . • • . • • • • • • • • . • . • • . • • . • . • 19 Hlstocllemistry. 22 Purpose. 24 MA TE RIA I. ,S AND METHODS. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 25 In Vivo Preparation. • . • . 26 Preparation for the administration of drugs . 26 Recording of mecllanical response. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 27 Experimental procedure. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 28 Histochemistry. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 29 Preparation of sections 0 0 0 ••••••• 0 ••••••••••••••••• 0 • 29 Sta.ining procedure. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 30 In Vitro Preparation. • • • • • • • . • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • . • • • • • . •• 33 RESULTS. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 35 In Vivo. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 39 In Vitro. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 46 DmcUSSION • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 52 BIBLIOGRAPHY •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 63
PHOTONOVELS PRODUCED BY CLIENT/PROFESSIONAL PARTNERSHIPS: AN EDUCATIONAL APPROACH TO COMMENSAL VERTEBRATE IPM

Author(s): Frantz, Stephen C. ; Comings, John P.; Roter, Debra L. | Abstract: Since commensal vertebrate pest problems are largely "people problems," a well-planned and executed educational intervention could be the single most important component in an integrated pest management (IPM) program. The basic purpose of educational interventions is to bring sufficient information and understanding to affected clients so that they can and will intercept and control pests in the infested habitat. The encouragement of client participation in producing educational materials is consistent with learning theory and pest management principles. Such production methods allow materials to be closely aligned with client concerns and establish a climate for mutual exchange of ideas between the clients and the IPM professionals. Furthermore, this partnership approach provides an avenue by which a pest management agency may invest its efforts in community-empowering activities aimed at future collective actions which need not depend on professionals, and may be an important step for agency personnel (government vector-control experts, international aid organizations, etc.) in eliminating victim-blaming exercises in futility. The photonovel technique discussed here emphasizes the utilization of client-community resources to enhance the efforts of outside professionals. While the specific example described and analyzed applies to urban rodent control, the concept is applicable to many subjects (including vertebrate IPM and disease prevention programs), to most cultures (in developed and developing countries), and to a broad range of clients (community members, food plant staff, etc.).