Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computation of dissipation rates in turbo pumps using different simulation methods

The dissipation rate in a flow is a measure of the transition from mechanical flow energy to internal energy and thus represents a loss for the flow. For this reason, it is useful to investigate high dissipation rates when optimizing the flow in turbo pumps, to identify areas where energy is lost in the pump flow. Nowadays, flow optimizations are carried out with the help of numerical flow computations and mostly simulation methods as URANS are used for optimization. In this context, our study analyzes the suitability of two URANS computations with respect to the calculation of dissipation rates by comparing these simulations with higherorder simulation methods. To reach this goal, a DNS computation of a generic turbulent channel flow and a highly turbulence-resolving LES of a turbo pump for cardiac support were performed at first. These simulations built the validation and comparison basis for further URANS computations with stronger turbulence modeling using a k-ω-SST and a ω-based Reynolds stress model. The direct (viscous) and turbulent dissipation rates were compared between the simulations. Notable differences were found in the computation of direct and turbulent dissipation rates between RANS/URANS and DNS/LES in both simulation cases. For the turbo pump for cardiac support, all simulations resulted in similar pressure heads as well as efficiencies. Nevertheless, the URANS computations underestimated the direct and turbulent dissipation in the turbo pump compared to the LES. A phenomenological study was then conducted to determine in which flow regions high dissipation rates occur in the turbo pump. Finally, it was discussed why an adequate calculation of dissipation rates is important in the specific context of a turbo pump for cardiac support.
Study on the preparation and function of regulatory T cells from human peripheral blood

Background Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are an important cell subgroup of CD4+ T cells. Treg cells are critically involved in inducing immune tolerance, maintaining immune environment homeostasis, and preventing the occurrence of autoimmune diseases. Under normal conditions, the number of Tregs in the body is very small. This research was designed to establish an effective method to expand human peripheral blood Tregs in vitro and to analyze phenotype, purity, and function of Treg cells post-expansion. Methods Peripheral blood was obtained from healthy donors. CD4+CD25+CD127dim/− Treg cells were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS), and an optimized culture system was used for amplification. The in vitro amplification ability of Treg cells was evaluated to determine the expression and purity of Treg cell-specific surface markers in different culture cycles. The suppressive function of Treg was determined by in vitro lymphocyte proliferation assay. Results Treg cells could be successfully isolated by magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS). After 21 days of in vitro culture, the mean expansion fold was 2,009±452.2 in ≤60 years, and there was a significant difference between the younger group and the older than 60 years group (1,238±330.0). Flow cytometry analysis revealed that the percentages of CD4+CD25+ cells and FOXP3+ cells were (93.25±3.05)% and (94.19±4.21)% on day 14, and (92.86±4.36)% and (91.55±5.62)% on day 21, respectively. In addition, the proportions of CD8+ T, CD19+ B, CD3−CD56+ natural killer cell (NK), and CD3+ CD56+ natural killer T cell (NKT) were extremely low. Lymphocyte proliferation assay demonstrated that Tregs could inhibit the proliferation of CD8+ T cells more effectively than that of CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, the suppressive capacity of Tregs was correlated with Treg-to-PBMCs ratios. Conclusions We successfully established a technical protocol for manufacturing a large quantity of Tregs with high efficiency in vitro. The expanded Tregs have a steady FOXP3 expression and exhibited a potent immune suppression, which might have great significance in adoptive Treg therapy for treating graft-versus-host disease and autoimmune diseases.
Biogenic and Metalic Element Accumulation
in the European Perch (Perca fluviatilis)
in the Largest Dam in Slovakia

Our study focuses on the European perch (Perca fluviatilis) regarding differences in concentrations of the biogenic (P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Mn, Zn) and metallic (Sr, Sb, Rb, Pb, Mo, Cr, Fe) elements relative to perch morphology and environmental factors at the largest dam in Slovakia. The juvenile perch were sampled at four capture sites from June to October. The highest concentration of biogenic elements and metals was found in perch caught in the site disposed to wastewater effluent (WWE). The concentrations of biogenic elements in perch decrease with the size of the fish; at most the perch affected by WWE had the smallest size. The concentration of biogenic elements in perch increased with the date from June to October and with water temperature for all sites. Lead accumulated by the perch in all sites exceeded more than five times the maximum permissible limits provided by international institutions.
Politicization of science in the Lancang–Mekong Basin: the Eyes on Earth Study

ABSTRACT In April 2020, the Eyes on Earth published a comprehensive research study presenting new evidence about the changing dynamics of the Lancang–Mekong River water flow. The Eyes on Earth Study (EoE Study) received significant media attention and raised concerns about hydrological changes that negatively affect the downstream countries. By drawing on the politicization of science theories and using the Lancang–Mekong Cooperation and Conflict Database, we (1) provide an overview the EoE Study’s findings; (2) outline the scientific and non-scientific responses to the EoE Study’s conclusions; and (3) study various implications of the politicization of the EoE Study.
GATA4 regionalizes intestinal metabolism and barrier function to prevent immunopathology

Different regions of the gastrointestinal tract have distinct digestive and absorptive functions, which may be locally disrupted by infection or autoimmune disease. Yet, the mechanisms underlying intestinal regionalization and its dysregulation in disease are not well understood. Here, we used mouse models, transcriptomics, and immune profiling to show that regional epithelial expression of the transcription factor GATA4 prevented adherent bacterial colonization and inflammation in the proximal small intestine by regulating retinol metabolism and luminal IgA. Loss of epithelial GATA4 expression increased mortality in mice infected with Citrobacter rodentium. In active celiac patients with villous atrophy, low GATA4 expression was associated with metabolic alterations, mucosal Actinobacillus, and increased IL-17 immunity. This study reveals broad impacts of GATA4-regulated intestinal regionalization and highlights an elaborate interdependence of intestinal metabolism, immunity, and microbiota in homeostasis and disease. One-sentence summary Epithelial GATA4 regulates intestinal regionalization of bacterial colonization, metabolic pathways, and tissue immunity.
New Validated Method for the Estimation of Pioglitazone and Rosiglitazone Using RP-HPLC

New, simple and economical high pressure liquid chromatography method has been developed for the simultaneous quantification of Pioglitazone and Rosiglitazone.By using Waters HPLC e-2695 quaternary pump with a PDA detector of 2998 instrument the chromatographic separation of Pioglitazone and Rosiglitazone was achieved on the column of Inertsil ODS (150x4.6mm, 3.5 µ) using an isocratic elution with a buffer containing 0.1percentformic acid and acetonitrile at a rate of 30:70 as a mobile phase with a flow rate of 1 ml/min at ambient temperature. A detector wavelength of 261 nm utilizing the PDA detector were given in the instrumental settings. The linearity was studied between the concentration range of 3-45 µg/ml of Pioglitazone and 1-15 µg/ml of Rosiglitazone were injected.The plotted calibration curves were linear with a regression coefficient of R2> 0.999, indicates that the linearity was with in the limit. As a part of method validation the parameters like specificity, linearity, accuracy, ruggedness, robustness were determined and the results were found to be within the allowable limit. The method developed was found to be applicable to routine analysis and to be used for the measurement of both active pharmaceutical ingredients (i.e, Pioglitazone and Rosiglitazone). Validation of the proposed method was carried out according to an International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. Since, there is no HPLC method reported in the literature for the estimation of Pioglitazone and Rosiglitazone, there is a need to develop quantitative methods under different conditions to achieve improvement in specificity, selecivity etc.
The Counterintuitiveness of Supernatural Dreams and Religiosity

One challenge for cognitive, evolutionary and anthropological studies of religion is to offer descriptions and explanatory models of the morphology and functions of supernatural dreaming, and of the religiosity, use of experience, and cultural transmission that are associated with these representations. The anthropological and religious studies literature demonstrates that dreaming, dream experience and narrative are connected with religious ideas and practices in traditional societies. Scholars have even proposed that dreaming is a primary source of religious beliefs and practice (here labelled DPSR theory). Using Barrett’s coding system, we measured a high frequency of minimally counterintuitive dream content among Hindu Nepalese, and we aim to quantify (1) the relation between counterintuitive imagery and reported likelihood to communicate dreams in general and to religious experts, (2) the relation between counterintuitive imagery and reported religiosity, and (3) the proclivity to communicate SA dreams among those who are more or less religious. These aims will then be related to the broader topic of (4) possible explanatory value of DPSR theory, or versions thereof, by framing the issue at the level of cultural transmission, religiosity and credibility of religious dream representations in relation to MCI theory. The article mainly draws upon data from ethnographic research among Hindu Nepalese.
A review of biogas and an assessment of its economic impact and future role as a renewable energy source

Abstract Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a technology that is gaining popularity because of the need for more renewable energy sources around the world. AD is a complex series of biochemical reactions that ultimately result in the formation of biogas, which is a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide with other trace elements. From large installations to small personal reactors, the underlying basic process is the same, but through research, pretreatments and substrate co-digestion are becoming more popular to enhance biogas production. Reactor design and substrate selection also vary depending on the installation’s location. Biogas cleaning and upgrading help to increase the usability of the gas for multiple applications. The economic viability depends on the location in the world and the available substrate quality and quantity. AD processes rely heavily on government subsidies to stay profitable. In developing countries, AD profitability is not a concern, as this technology provides a way to better human life in these areas. This review presents a detailed look at the AD technology, provides a discussion on the economics of AD, and suggests future studies to enhance the technology.
Medication adherence of rheumatic heart disease patients: a cross-sectional study in Bangladesh

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a significant public health problem and Non-adherence to treatment is an important and often unrecognized risk factor for cardiovascular mortality. The study aimed to assess self-reported medication adherence by 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) among rheumatic heart disease patients and determine the associated factors. A cross-sectional study was carried out by applying a structured interview to Rheumatic heart disease patients aged 18 or higher in a tertiary hospital in Bangladesh. Among Rheumatic heart disease patients, 63.5% showed medium adherence, 36.5% showed low adherence to medication. Walking habit (P= 0.000), exercise habit (P=0.000), smoking habit (P=0.000), and duration of RHD (P=0.005) found significantly associated with medication adherence. Multiple logistic regression analysis also revealed, don't have walking habit more than 10 minutes at a time (AOR=2.416, 95% CI: 1.212-4.816), don't having exercise habit (AOR=2.420, 95% CI: 1.206 – 4.859), don't having habit of smoking (AOR=0.392, 95% CI: 0.183 – 0.841), duration of RHD for less than 15 (AOR=4.190, 95% CI: 0.851 – 20.631) are independent predictors of adherence. Our study demonstrated medium to low medication adherence in the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale among rheumatic heart disease patients. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2019, 5(3): 186-191
Near-Surface Air Temperature Retrieval Using a Deep Neural Network from Satellite Observations over South Korea

Air temperature (Ta), defined as the temperature 2 m above the land’s surface, is one of the most important factors for environment and climate studies. Ta can be measured by obtaining the land surface temperature (LST) which can be retrieved with the 11- and 12-µm bands from satellite imagery over a large area, and LST is highly correlated with Ta. To measure the Ta in a broad area, we studied a Ta retrieval method through Deep Neural Network (DNN) using in-situ data and satellite data of South Korea from 2014 to 2017. To retrieve accurate Ta, we selected proper input variables and conditions of a DNN model. As a result, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Water Index, and 11- and 12-µm band data were applied to the DNN model as input variables. And we also selected proper condition of the DNN model with test various conditions of the model. In validation result in the DNN model, the best accuracy of the retrieved Ta showed an correlation coefficient value of 0.98 and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 2.19 K. And then we additional 3 analysis to validate accuracy which are spatial representativeness, seasonal analysis and time series analysis. We tested the spatial representativeness of the retrieved Ta. Results for window sizes less than 132 × 132 showed high accuracy, with a correlation coefficient of over 0.97 and a RMSE of 1.96 K and a bias of −0.00856 K. And in seasonal analysis, the spring season showed the lowest accuracy, 2.82 K RMSE value, other seasons showed high accuracy under 2K RMSE value. We also analyzed a time series of six the Automated Synoptic Observing System (ASOS) points (i.e., locations) using data obtained from 2018 to 2019; all of the individual correlation coefficient values were over 0.97 and the RMSE values were under 2.41 K. With these analysis, we confirm accuracy of the DNN model was higher than previous studies. And we thought the retrieved Ta can be used in other studies or climate model to conduct urban problems like urban heat islands and to analyze effects of arctic oscillation.
Removal of Fe(III), Cd(II), and Zn(II) as Hydroxides by Precipitation–Flotation System

In this paper, a combined precipitation–flotation system is proposed for the removal of Fe(III), Zn(II), and Cd(II) as hydroxides. The efficiency of precipitation, as a function of pH, metal ion concentration, and dosage of the precipitating agent as the main variables, was evaluated. The results showed that 99% efficiency was attained from a mixture solution containing the three metal ions in sulfate media at pH 10.3 after 15 minutes of treatment. The sedimentation behavior showed that a larger precipitate facilitated solid/liquid separation at 30 minutes. The characterization of precipitates was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) identifying iron, zinc, and cadmium oxides; hydroxides; and sodium sulfate. For the flotation, a 20 mg/L solution of dodecylamine (DDA) was used as a collector. Such a solution allowed for the removal of 76% of precipitates in concentrate. An increase in the collector concentration diminished the float percentage due to the micelle formation and low adsorption of the collector on the surface of the precipitate. The results provide evidence of the effectivity of the removal of metal ions by the combined precipitation–flotation system as an alternative for the treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD) in less time in comparison with a sedimentation stage.
The discourse structure of free indirect discourse reports

We investigate the discourse structure of Free Indirect Discourse passages in narratives. We argue that Free Indirect Discourse reports consist of two separate propositional discourse units: an (explicit or implicit) frame segment and a reported content. These segments are connected at the level of discourse structure by a non-veridical, subordinating discourse relation of Attribution, familiar from recent SDRT analyses of indirect discourse constructions in natural conversation (Hunter, 2016). We conducted an experiment to detect the covert presence of a subordinating frame segment based on its effects on pronoun resolution. We compared (unframed) Free Indirect Discourse with overtly framed Indirect Discourse and a non-reportative segment. We found that the first two indeed pattern alike in terms of pronoun resolution, which we take as evidence against the pragmatic context split approach of Schlenker (2004) and Eckardt (2014), and in favor of our discourse structural Attribution analysis.
Image Politics and the Construction of Public Opinion: Readings into the Arab Spring Context

Images are ubiquitous in today's modern society. They tend to be taken for granted and their power is underestimated. However, images do not just reflect the world around us, but they construct reality. They can be inspirational and ideological, as they can trigger a political conscience. They now accompany every occurring event; they update and form the public. The Arab Spring context represents an image-saturated revolution wherein images have proved to be an effectual weapon and a catalyst of a massive public reaction and mobilization. The present paper studies images as a medium that is loaded with messages and is capable of shaping public opinion. It explores the different meanings encoded within these images, as it analyses their effectiveness on the public during and after the last Arab uprisings. The paper also ponders upon the reason why some images raise multiple reactions, and push leaders and masses to action.
Occupational Аccidents and Near-Miss Events in the Internal Medicine Services: Turkey Sample in University Hospital

Background. Health institutions are considered occupational areas with high risk due to the need for human resources, including numerous specialists with distinct characteristics, use of intensive technology, and complex occupational processes. The importance of occupational health and safety, which aims to eliminate or minimize all these negativities, is increasing rapidly. The purpose of this study is to examine the frequency of exposure to occupational accidents and near-miss events of the nurses and physicians working in the internal ­medicine units of a university hospital, and their reporting status and factors affecting these characteristics. Materials and methods. This research is a descriptive study, and the data of the recent year have been evaluated. The research was carried out in internal medicine units of a university hospital in Istanbul. The data in this study were collected by using the “Evaluation Form for Occupational Accidents and Near-Miss Events” which was created by the researchers. Results. A total of 117 individuals, 83 women (70.94 %), and 34 men (29.06 %) participated in this study. Of the participants, 59 were nurses (50.43 %), and 58 were physicians (49.57 %). There was a significant moderate positive correlation (r = 0.305) between age and the number of occupational accidents (p = 0.039). The average number of occupational accidents experienced by nurses (1.31 ± 0.74) was found to be lower than physicians (2.80 ± 2.53) (p = 0.006). The number of near-miss incidents experienced by physicians (2.79 ± 4.30) was higher than the nurses (1.29 ± 83.00) (p = 0.032). Conclusions. Every workplace accident or near-miss event experienced by healthcare professionals should be reported and analyzed carefully to prevent future workplace accidents. Training of health professionals on health risks they may encounter and protective measures against occupational accidents have vital importance.
C-Reactive Protein Controls IL-23 Production by Human Monocytes

C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute-phase protein in humans that is produced in high quantities by the liver upon infection and under inflammatory conditions. Although CRP is commonly used as a marker of inflammation, CRP can also directly contribute to inflammation by eliciting pro-inflammatory cytokine production by immune cells. Since CRP is highly elevated in serum under inflammatory conditions, we have studied the CRP-induced cytokine profile of human monocytes, one of the main innate immune cell populations in blood. We identified that CRP is relatively unique in its capacity to induce production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-23, which was in stark contrast to a wide panel of pattern recognition receptor (PRR) ligands. We show that CRP-induced IL-23 production was mediated at the level of gene transcription, since CRP particularly promoted gene transcription of IL23A (encoding IL-23p19) instead of IL12A (encoding IL-12p35), while PRR ligands induce the opposite response. Interestingly, when CRP stimulation was combined with PRR ligand stimulation, as for example, occurs in the context of sepsis, IL-23 production by monocytes was strongly reduced. Combined, these data identify CRP as a unique individual ligand to induce IL-23 production by monocytes, which may contribute to shaping systemic immune responses under inflammatory conditions.
DESEMPENHO ACADÊMICO DE UNIVERSITÁRIOS: ASSOCIAÇÃO ENTRE ESTADO NUTRICIONAL, INGESTÃO DIETÉTICA DE FERRO ALIMENTAR E CONCENTRAÇÕES DE HEMOGLOBINA

A associacao entre ingestao de ferro e educacao desperta o interesse dos pesquisadores no intuito de suscitar acoes efetivas que possam reduzir as difi culdades dos estudantes, em especial em seu desempenho academico. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a relacao entre a ingestao alimentar de ferro, niveis sericos de hemoglobina e indicadores antropometricos com o desempenho academico de universitarios. Participaram do estudo 69 alunos de ambos os sexos do Curso de Nutricao da Universidade Federal do Piaui. O consumo alimentar foi feito pelo Registro Alimentar de tres dias e a analise pelo software Nutwin versao 1.5. A anemia foi classifi cada pelas concentracoes de hemoglobina preconizadas pela WHO (2001). Os indicadores antropometricos utilizados foram IMC, PCT e CMB. O desempenho dos graduandos foi avaliado de acordo com o indice de rendimento academico fornecido pela propria Instituicao. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comite de Etica e Pesquisa da Universidade Federal do Piaui. A populacao em estudo foi predominantemente do sexo feminino, solteira, com idade media de 21±2,46 anos, sedentarios, nao fumantes e nao consumidores de bebidas alcoolicas. De acordo com o IMC e PCT a maioria dos estudantes apresentaram- -se eutrofi cos. O estudo mostrou uma media do Indice de Rendimento Academico dentro dos padroes preconizados, apresentou apenas dois anemicos, porem apontou um elevado percentual de estudantes com consumo inadequado de ferro. Diante do exposto os dados evidenciaram nao existir relacao entre os parâmetros antropometricos, a anemia, o consumo de ferro e o desempenho academico.