Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationships between stream discharge and cutthroat trout abundance at multiple scales in managed headwater basins of western Oregon

approved: _____________________________________________________________________ Arne E. Skaugset Relationships between resident cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii) and six hydrologic indices were investigated using correlation analysis in two experimental headwater catchments in the foothills of the Cascade Mountains of western Oregon. This investigation was to determine if characteristics of discharge explained interannual variability in trout abundance. Eight years of continuous discharge and annual abundance data collected from two contiguous watersheds from the Hinkle Creek Paired Watershed Study were used for this study. Density-discharge relationships were identified separately in the watershed actively managed for timber harvest and in the control watershed. Correlation was determined at multiple stream segments and at the watershed scale to assess the roles of spatial scale and network location on the detectability of density-discharge relationships. A method for improving the spatial coupling of density and discharge measurements within the stream network was also investigated. No correlations (r ≤ ǀ0.50ǀ) between hydrologic indices and age-1+ trout density in either watershed were found. Two hydrologic indices were related to the density of age-0 trout: maximum annual discharge (r = 0.780) in the control watershed and Q90 summer discharge (r = 0.697) in the treated watershed. The correlation between the density of age-0 trout and each of these two indices were similar across individual stream segments, but variability in the magnitude of the correlation suggests that network location plays a key role in facilitating processes that link density and discharge. Variability in the magnitude of the correlation across stream segments also influenced the detectability and interpretability of relationships observed at the extent of a watershed and at the extent of a stream segment. These results indicate that researchers interested in understanding the dynamics of cutthroat trout abundance should consider the effects of discharge on inter-annual variability in abundance of different age classes and the role of network location on the detectability of relationships. ©Copyright by Hazel Owens June 17, 2013 All Rights Reserved Relationships Between Stream Discharge and Cutthroat Trout Abundance at Multiple Scales in Managed Headwater Basins of Western Oregon
The role of flank failure in modifying the shallow plumbing system of volcanoes: An example from Somma‐Vesuvius, Italy

The joined interpretation of structural, geophysical, historical and DTM‐extracted data collected on the Somma‐Vesuvius volcano reveals the presence of a spoon‐shaped paleo‐depression, which is masked by the well known Vesuvius subsidence caldera. Such depression was caused by failure of the Somma southwestern flank. The flank failure was triggered by dike intrusion along a pre‐existing structural discontinuity. This event occurred between 20–25 and 18ka and marked a change in the composition of erupted products and style of activity, which shifted from an effusive and strombolian activity to a plinian‐type activity. The flank failure induced a reorientation of the gravity‐induced stress trajectory, which, below the depression, resulted parallel to the surface. This prevented the ascent of magma to the surface allowing the formation of a shallow reservoir in which more felsic magma evolved. When the magma pressure exceeded a critical value, plinian activity began.
Live and Feeder Cattle Options Markets: Returns, Risk, and Volatility Forecasting

This paper examines returns from holding 30- and 90-day call and put positions, and the forecasting performance of implied volatility in the live and feeder cattle options markets. Implied volatility is an upwardly biased and inefficient predictor of realized volatility, with bias most pronounced in live cattle. While significant returns exist from several positions, strategies are strongly affected by drifts in futures prices. However, returns from live cattle puts are persistent, and evidence from 30-day straddle returns indicates the live cattle market overprices volatility. Overpricing is consistent with volatility risk, the effect of which is magnified by extreme market conditions.
Identification of Common Thalamocortical Dysconnectivity in Four Major Psychiatric Disorders Pei-Chi Tu1–4,7, Ya Mei Bai2,4,7, Cheng-Ta Li2,4,5, Mu-Hong Chen2, Wei-Chen Lin2, Wan-Chen Chang1, and Tung-Ping Su*,2,4–6

1Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; 2Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; 3Institute of Philosophy of Mind and Cognition, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; 4Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; 5Institute of Brain Science, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; 6Department of Psychiatry, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Quantitative effects of trunk and head position on the apnea hypopnea index in obstructive sleep apnea.

STUDY OBJECTIVES To test the hypothesis that head position, separately from trunk position, is an additionally important factor for the occurrence of apnea in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING St. Lucas Andreas Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. PATIENTS AND PARTICIPANTS Three hundred patients referred to our department because of clinically suspected OSA. INTERVENTIONS N/A. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Patients underwent overnight polysomnography with 2 position sensors: one on the trunk, and one in the mid-forehead. Of the 300 subjects, 241 were diagnosed with OSA, based on an AHI > 5. Of these patients, 199 could be analyzed for position-dependent OSA based on head and trunk position sensors (AHI in supine position twice as high as AHI in non-supine positions): 41.2% of the cases were not position dependent, 52.3% were supine position dependent based on the trunk sensor, 6.5% were supine position dependent based on the head sensor alone. In 46.2% of the trunk supine position-dependent group, head position was of considerable influence on the AHI (AHI was > 5 higher when the head was also in supine position compared to when the head was turned to the side). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study confirm our hypothesis that the occurrence of OSA may also be dependent on the position of the head. Therefore in patients with a suspicion of position-dependent OSA, sleep recording with dual position sensors placed on both trunk and head should be considered.
OPINION PARP inhibitors in the treatment of ovarian cancer: a review

Recent findings Niraparib received FDA approval for use in patients with complete response or partial response to first-line platinum-based chemotherapy regardless of BRCAm or HRD status that was received in April 2020. FDA approval was received for olaparib in combination with bevacizamab for epithelial ovarian cancer patients with complete response/partial response to first-line chemotherapy and bevacizumab and g/sBRCA and/or genomic instability by Myriad myChoice CDx in May 2020.
Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century: A Vision and a Strategy

With the release of the landmark report Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century: A Vision and a Strategy, the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, in 2007, precipitated a major change in the way toxicity testing is conducted. It envisions increased efficiency in toxicity testing and decreased animal usage by transitioning from current expensive and lengthy in vivo testing with qualitative endpoints to in vitro toxicity pathway assays on human cells or cell lines using robotic high-throughput screening with mechanistic quantitative parameters. Risk assessment in the exposed human population would focus on avoiding significant perturbations in these toxicity pathways. Computational systems biology models would be implemented to determine the dose-response models of perturbations of pathway function. Extrapolation of in vitro results to in vivo human blood and tissue concentrations would be based on pharmacokinetic models for the given exposure condition. This practice would enhance human relevance of test results, and would cover several test agents, compared to traditional toxicological testing strategies. As all the tools that are necessary to implement the vision are currently available or in an advanced stage of development, the key prerequisites to achieving this paradigm shift are a commitment to change in the scientific community, which could be facilitated by a broad discussion of the vision, and obtaining necessary resources to enhance current knowledge of pathway perturbations and pathway assays in humans and to implement computational systems biology models. Implementation of these strategies would result in a new toxicity testing paradigm firmly based on human biology.
Remote Eye Tracking: State of the Art and Directions for Future Development

Recent years have seen rapid developments in the field of remote eye tracking. Whereas only a few years ago the standard in eye tracking was for systems to be intrusive, i.e. they either required the user’s head to be fixated or equipment to be mounted on the user’s head, systems have now evolved to the point where the user can move freely in front of the system (within certain limits), and good accuracy (1 degree or better) is achieved throughout the whole working range. This has been demonstrated by a number of commercial and academic systems, both multi-camera (Beymer and Flickner, 2003; LC Technologies, 2006) and singlecamera (Tobii, 2002; SMI, 2006; Hennessey et al., 2006; Guestrin and Eizenman, 2006; Meyer et al., 2006). To clarify terms, we will use the term “remote eye tracking” here to mean a system that operates without contact with the user and permits free head movement within reasonable limits without losing tracking.
Odlingstester och proveniensförsök med douglasgran i södra Sverige

Klimatforandringar kommer sannolikt att paverka svenska skogar pa manga satt. Vissa arter gynnas, kanske med okad tillvaxt, andra missgynnas med okad risk for skador m.m. Forandringar i klimatet kan ocksa andra vaxtforhallanden till forman for andra arter an vara inhemska tradslag, sa att de skulle kunna vaxa battre eller atminstone lika bra som de inhemska i vissa omraden. Douglasgranen (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) skulle kunna vara ett sadant tradslag och med tanke pa dess virkesegenskaper och avkastning vore detta av stort intresse. Douglasgranen har odlats i Sverige under de senaste hundra aren, men i mycket begransad omfattning. Den kan vaxa bra i sodra Sverige men under etableringsfasen kan den drabbas av skador sasom frost, frosttorka, viltbete och snytbaggeskador. I de flesta praktiska planteringar som tidigare gjorts i sodra Sverige har provenienser fran kustnara omraden i norra USA eller fran British Columbia i Kanada anvants. Den har rapporten beskriver arbetet med att genomfora en omfattande studie dar provenienser fran British Columbia har anvants, bade fran kustomraden och fran inlandet. Har beskrivs hur anskaffningen av fromaterial gick till, hur plantorna odlades upp och hur de senare planterades ut pa ett antal lokaler i sodra Sverige, framfor allt under aren 2009 och 2010. Rapporten beskriver ocksa anvisningarna som gavs om hur anlaggningen av forsoksplanteringarna skulle ga till samt hur uppfoljningen har genomforts och dokumenterats. I resultatdelen redovisas de preliminara resultaten efter 1,5 ar i falt. Nar tre-ars-matningar ar gjorda kommer detta att dokumenteras mer utforligt i en sarskild rapport. De preliminara resultaten for 2009 ars planteringar (8 lokaler) som inventerades varen 2011, visade att inlandsprovenienser hade en hogre overlevnad jamfort med kustnara. For de planteringar som gjordes 2010 (5 lokaler) var inte resultaten lika entydiga. Det fanns inga skillnader i genomsnittlig overlevnad mellan provenienserna och alla provenienser drabbades av en hog andel skador av frost, snytbagge och viltbetning. Variationen mellan lokaler var genomgaende stor for bada planteringsaren. Resultaten efter 3 ar blir darfor intressanta och kommer forhoppningsvis att bidra med att ge en tydligare bild av overlevnad, tillvaxt och etablering av douglasgran i sodra Sverige. En viktig slutsats utifran denna studie ar ocksa att vi behover mer kunskap kring etablering av douglasgran i Sverige.
Hepcidin-regulating iron metabolism genes and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a pathway analysis of genome-wide association studies.

BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have suggested positive associations for iron and red meat intake with risk of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Inherited pathogenic variants in genes involved in the hepcidin-regulating iron metabolism pathway are known to cause iron overload and hemochromatosis. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to determine whether common genetic variation in the hepcidin-regulating iron metabolism pathway is associated with PDAC. METHODS We conducted a pathway analysis of the hepcidin-regulating genes using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) summary statistics generated from 4 genome-wide association studies in 2 large consortium studies using the summary data-based adaptive rank truncated product method. Our population consisted of 9253 PDAC cases and 12,525 controls of European descent. Our analysis included 11 hepcidin-regulating genes [bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6), ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1), ferritin light chain (FTL), hepcidin (HAMP), homeostatic iron regulator (HFE), hemojuvelin (HJV), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), ferroportin 1 (SLC40A1), transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1), and transferrin receptor 2 (TFR2)] and their surrounding genomic regions (±20 kb) for a total of 412 SNPs. RESULTS The hepcidin-regulating gene pathway was significantly associated with PDAC (P = 0.002), with the HJV, TFR2, TFR1, BMP6, and HAMP genes contributing the most to the association. CONCLUSIONS Our results support that genetic susceptibility related to the hepcidin-regulating gene pathway is associated with PDAC risk and suggest a potential role of iron metabolism in pancreatic carcinogenesis. Further studies are needed to evaluate effect modification by intake of iron-rich foods on this association.
ACOG COMMITTEE OPINION

With the increased emphasis on patient-driven health care and readily available access to patients as consumers through the internet and media, many genetic testing companies are marketing directly to consumers. Direct-to-consumer genetic testing may result in unique concerns and considerations, because of limited knowledge about available genetic tests among patients and health care professionals, challenges in interpretation of genetic test results, and lack of oversight of some companies, as well as issues of privacy and confidentiality. It is important to note that tests from different companies that evaluate the same condition or genes can vary greatly in scope and technical quality. When undergoing direct-to-consumer genetic testing, the consumer should be apprised of risk from screening or susceptibility test results that can neither prove nor eliminate disease potential but may be distressing for consumers. Because of these considerations and the fact that the interpretation of test results often requires specific training and medical knowledge, direct-to-consumer genetic testing ideally should be performed after counseling to review the test’s potential benefits, risks, and limitations. Confirmatory genetic testing should be performed under the supervision of an appropriate obstetrician–gynecologist or other health care professional who is skilled in interpretation of genetic testing and risk assessment for the diseases of interest. This Committee Opinion has been updated to include information on counseling for patients who present with direct-to-consumer genetic test results, clinical vignettes, and an overview of currently available testing options as well as those potentially available in the
Assemblages and Textural Evolution of UHP Eclogites from the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Main Hole

Coesite-bearing eclogite samples from the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling main hole (100-2000 m) were examined. Three major evolutionary stages are distinguished from mineral assemblages and textural relations. (1) The pre-peak stage is indicated by inclusion assemblages in rutile eclogite such as amphibole and paragonite, with pre-peak P-T conditions of ~13 kbar and ~910°C. (2) The peak ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic stage is characterized by the mineral assemblage garnet-omphacite-phengite-rutile-apatite-coesite/quartz pseudomorph ± kyanite; P-T conditions reached ~910°C and ~37 kbar for rutile eclogite, and ~850°C and ~35 kbar for phengite eclogite. (3) The retrograde stage produced decompression textures via back reactions, such as thin coronas of amphibole or zoisite on garnet, fine-grained amphibole-plagioclase symplectites on omphacite and biotite-plagioclase, or K-feldspar-albite on phengite, ilmenite or titanite on rutile, at P-T conditions of 530-560°C and 7-9 kbar. The presence of K-feldspar-albite symplectite on phengite and minor interstitial K-feldspar implies that post-peak decompressional partial melting occurred locally during rapid exhumation of the subducted UHP slab. Two alternative P-T paths may be constructed: (1) the first possesses a different pre-peak stage but similar peak UHP to post-peak decompression cooling for rutile and phengite eclogite; (2) the second shows a consistent evolution from a pre-peak stage via peak UHP stage to a post-peak stage of near-isothermal decompression, followed by near-isobaric cooling for both rutile and phengite eclogite. We prefer the first P-T path, because the inferred paths show a clear increase in pressure and temperature from near-peak to peak UHP stage, and this may be associated with subductionrelated tectonism as a result of continental collision between the North China and Yangtze blocks. Rapid subduction and fast retrograde exhumation is likely responsible for preservation of some pre-peak inclusion assemblages and prograde mineral growth zoning.
Thickness of the earth's crust beneath the Campbell Plateau

Abstract The method of surface-wave dispersion has been used to find the thickness of the Earth's crust beneath the submerged region to the south-east of New Zealand known as the Campbell Plateau. By the use of records from eight earthquakes, an average value of about 20 km was found. This is intermediate between the values usually found for oceanic and continental regions.
Coupling of autonomic and central events during sleep boosts declarative memory consolidation

While anatomical pathways between forebrain cognitive and brainstem autonomic nervous centers are well defined, autonomic–central interactions during sleep and their contribution to waking performance are not understood. Here, we analyzed simultaneous central activity via electroencephalography (EEG) and autonomic heart beat-to-beat intervals (RR intervals) from electrocardiography (ECG) during wake and daytime sleep. We identified bursts of ECG activity that lasted 4-5 seconds and predominated in non-rapid-eye-movement sleep (NREM). Using event-based analysis of NREM sleep, we found an increase in delta (0.5-4Hz) and sigma (12-15Hz) power and an elevated density of slow oscillations (0.5-1Hz) about 5 secs prior to peak of the heart rate burst, as well as a surge in vagal activity, assessed by high-frequency (HF) component of RR intervals. Using regression framework, we show that these Autonomic/Central Events (ACE) positively predicted post-nap improvement in a declarative memory task above and beyond non-ACE sleep activity. Additionally, NREM ACE negatively correlated with REM sleep and learning in a non-declarative memory task. These results provide the first evidence that coordinated autonomic and central events play a significant role in declarative memory consolidation.
Signatures of internal model updating during learning in rat prefrontal cortex

Perception and decision rely on internal models of the world. In primary sensory areas of cortex, joint activity of neural populations likely represents the statistical structure of the external environment. Unknown is whether internal neural models are a general computational principle of cortex, extending to learning, higher-order cortices, and actions. We tested that generality by examining changes of population activity patterns from rat prefrontal cortex in the course of learning rules in a maze. The statistical distributions of activity patterns converged between waking and slowwave sleep during rule learning. Changes were greatest for patterns predicting correct choice and expressed at the choice point. Together, our results are consistent with the convergence over learning of inferred (in waking) and prior (in sleep) expectations of a task derived from an internal model. The construction and use of an internal model may be a recurring theme of cortical computation. Highlights : • Statistical distributions of activity patterns in PFC change over learning • Reflecting a convergence between task-evoked and sleep distributions • Updated patterns predict task outcome and occur at a choice point • Suggesting PFC builds and uses an internal model based on samples eTOC Blurb : Singh et al show that changes to the statistical distribution of population activity in rat prefrontal cortex are consistent with the learning and use of an internal model for task behaviour.
The Direct Observation of Secondary Radical Chain Chemistry in the Heterogeneous 1 Reaction of Chlorine Atoms with Submicron Squalane Droplets 2 3

The Direct Observation of Secondary Radical Chain Chemistry in the Heterogeneous 1 Reaction of Chlorine Atoms with Submicron Squalane Droplets 2 3 Chen-Lin Liu, Jared D. Smith, Dung L. Che, Musahid Ahmed, Stephen R. Leone, 4 and Kevin R. Wilson 5 1 Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 6 2 Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 7 3 Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 8 # current address: National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC), Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan 9 10 Correspondence to: K. R. Wilson (krwilson@lbl.gov) 11
An Analysis of Cruise Ship Management Policies in Parks and Protected Areas in the Eastern Canadian Arctic

viii Acknowledgements x CHAPTER 1 1 STUDY BACKGROUND 1 1.0. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 PURPOSE STATEMENT 9 1.2 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES 9 CHAPTER 2 10 LITERATURE 10 2.0 BACKGROUND 10 2.1 AN OVERALL VIEW OF THE CRUISE LINE INDUSTRY 10 2.2. SUSTAINABLE TOURISM LITERATURE AND POLICY DEVELOPMENT 18 2.3. POLICY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRUISE TOURISM TO PROTECTED AREAS. 22 2.3.1. SUSTAINABLE CRUISE TOURISM AND THE IMPORTANCE OF POLICIES AND GUIDELINES 23 2.4. PARK MANAGEMENT PLANNING 29 2.5. DISCUSSION OF LITERATURE ANALYZED FOR THE CONTENT ANALYSIS 32 2.5. 1 CRUISE TOURISM LITERATURE 35 2.6. SUMMARY 38 CHAPTER 3 40 RESEARCH METHODS 40 3.0. METHODOLOGY 40 3.1. STATEMENT OF METHODOLOGY 40 3.2. POPULATION AND SAMPLE 44 3.3. DESCRIPTION OF RESEARCH METHODS 45 3.4. VALIDITY 46 3.5. COLLECTION OF DATA 46 3.6. DATA ANALYSIS 47 3.7. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY 47 CHAPTER 4 49 FINDINGS 49 4.0. INTRODUCTION 49 4.1. DATA COLLECTED FROM THE LITERATURE REVIEW: PART A 49 4.2. DATA COLLECTED FROM THE INTERVIEWS: PART B 53 4.2.1. SOCIO/CULTURAL/COMMUNITY ISSUES 55