Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neutrino Mass in Cosmology: Status and Prospects

I give an overview of the effects of neutrino masses in cosmology, focusing on the role they play in the evolution of cosmological perturbations. I discuss how recent observations of the cosmic microwave background anisotropies and the large-scale matter distribution can probe neutrino masses with greater precision than current laboratory experiments. I describe several new techniques that will be used to probe cosmology in the future, as well as recent advances in the computation of the nonlinear matter-power spectrum and related observables.
A Compact Planar Monopole UWB MIMO Antenna Design with Increased Isolation for Diversity Applications

A compact planar multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna with four elements spanning the ultra-wideband (UWB) is proposed for diversity applications. The unit cells are positioned orthogonally to lower the mutual coupling by replicating the single antenna three times. A 35 × 35 × 1.6 mm3 UWB MIMO antenna is provided with a 50-Ω impedance microstrip line on a 1.6-mm thick FR4 substrate. In the radiator and ground plane, some modifications are made to achieve the operating limits of this antenna between the frequencies of 3.1-10.6 GHz, thereby covering the entire frequency spectrum of the UWB with compact size. We conclude from the calculated results that the proposed antenna has high performance characteristics appropriate for UWB wireless indoor communication and diversity applications with compact size.
Oat Seedlings Extract Inhibits RANKL-Induced c-Fos/NFATc1 Transcription Factors in the Early Stage of Osteoclast Differentiation

Osteoporosis is a common disease that increases the risk of fractures due to decreased bone density and weakens the bone microstructure. Preventing and diagnosing osteoporosis using the available drugs can be a costly affair with possible side effects. Therefore, natural product-derived therapeutics are promising alternatives. Our study demonstrated that the oat seedlings' extract (OSE) inhibited the receptor activator of the nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis from the bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs). The OSE treatment significantly attenuated the RANKL-mediated induction of the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity as well as the number of TRAP-positive (TRAP+) multinucleated cells (MNCs) counted through the TRAP staining in a dose-dependent manner. It was also confirmed that the OSE suppressed the formation of the TRAP + MNCs in the early stage of differentiation and not in the middle and late stages. The results of the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and the western blotting showed that the OSE dramatically inhibited the mRNA and protein expressions of the osteoclastogenesis-mediated transcription factors such as the c-Fos and the nuclear factor-activated T cells c1 (NFATc1). In addition, the OSE strongly attenuated the mRNA induction of the c-Fos/NFATc1-dependent molecules such as the TRAP, the osteoclast-associatedimmunoglobulin-like receptor (OSCAR), the dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP), and the cathepsin K. These results suggest that the naturally derived OSE may be useful for preventing bone diseases.
Intelligent Identification of Coal Crack in CT Images Based on Deep Learning

Automatic segmentation of coal crack in CT images is of great significance for the establishment of digital cores. In addition, segmentation in this field remains challenging due to some properties of coal crack CT images: high noise, small targets, unbalanced positive and negative samples, and complex, diverse backgrounds. In this paper, a segmentation method of coal crack CT images is proposed and a dataset of coal crack CT images is established. Based on the semantic segmentation model DeepLabV3+ of deep learning, the OS of the backbone has been modified to 8, and the ASPP module rate has also been modified. A new loss function is defined by combining CE loss and Dice loss. This deep learning method avoids the problem of manually setting thresholds in traditional threshold segmentation and can automatically and intelligently extract cracks. Besides, the proposed model has 0.1%, 1.2%, 2.9%, and 0.5% increase in Acc, mAcc, MioU, and FWIoU compared with other techniques and has 0.1%, 0.8%, 2%, and 0.4% increase compared with the original DeepLabV3+ on the dataset of coal CT images. The obtained results denote that the proposed segmentation method outperforms existing crack detection techniques and have practical application value in safety engineering.
Temperature‐Robust Learned Image Recovery for Shallow‐Designed Imaging Systems

Imaging systems are widely applied in harsh environments where the performance of shallow‐designed systems may deviate from expectation. As a representative scenario, environmental temperature variation may degrade image quality due to thermal defocus and sensor response, resulting in blur and noise. However, extensive athermalization in optics usually requires a complex design process and is limited by materials. Herein, a multibranch computational imaging scheme is developed, using emerging generative adversarial networks as the postprocessing to compensate for degradation of all kinds caused by thermal defocus and noise. In addition, a temperature controllable data acquisition, division, and mixture scheme is described to facilitate effective datasets for model robustness. Experiments on a vehicle lens and a mobile phone lens reveal that the proposed multibranch learned strategy notably increases image quality in the temperature range of 0–80 °C, and outperforms conventional athermalization in most instances, which is beneficial to lowering the design and manufacturing costs of imaging systems.
Efficacy of Intra-Arterial Ethanol Embolization as A Treatment for Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Malignant Portal Vein Thrombosis

Background : With rising rates of hepatocellular carcinoma, Egypt has the highest global prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It has been demonstrated that intra-arterial lipiodol ethanol combination embolization is efficient in the treatment of HCC. Objective: To highlight the efficacy of the intra-arterial ethanol embolization in treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with malignant portal vein thrombosis (PVT). Patients and Methods: This follow up study was conducted on 46 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and malignant portal vein thrombosis done in National Liver Institute, Menoufiya University from March 2020 to March 2022. Results: Status and reaction at the conclusion of the research both substantially correlated with PVT (P<0.001). Complete responses were more frequently found in grade II patients (4 patients) than in grade III patients (12 patients), according to data (50.00%). In this trial, 46 patients were involved; 8 patients (17.4%) died, and 38 patients (82.6%) survived; 26.1% of these patients declined follow-up or lost touch, and 17.4% had a full response. Status at the conclusion of the program was revealed to be significantly negatively correlated with PVT grade. However, there was no discernible relationship between study status at the conclusion and gender, ascites, Child score, or number of sessions. Conclusion: Trans arterial ethanol embolization (TAELE) can be used for early-stage HCC, as well as for intermediate-stage disease if other curative modalities are not feasible and can be considered when treating selected patients with segmental portal vein tumor thrombosis liver
Effect of Alkaline Drinking Water on Vitamin D3 Toxicity in Female Rats

T HIS investigation focused on how consuming alkaline water affected vitamin D3 toxicity and how it related to rats’ motor and neurobehavioral activity as well as some biochemical factors. 15 rats were employed, each allocated into three groups. Tap water was provided to the first group (the negative control), alkaline water to the second group, and alkaline water combined with a weekly intramuscular injection of vitamin D3 in a dose of 100,000 unit/ animal to the third group for a period of 4 weeks. Changes in the neurobehavioural and motor activity of the rats were noted in the open field. The weights of the rats in the vitamin D3 group increased. The number of squares and times they stand on their hind legs, and the number of pocking were all significantly higher in the group of vitamin D3 also vitamin D3 levels increased noticeably and considerably lower levels of total cholesterol, Low density lipoprotein levels were also reduced. This investigation has led us to the conclusion that drinking alkaline water can help people and animals who are taking large amounts of vitamin D3, in addition to its effect in reducing the levels of total cholesterol and Low-density lipoprotein with improving body weight and oxidative stress status.
Investment performance attribution of the U.S. small-size value mutual funds using Fama-French five-factor model

The purpose of this study is to get an insight into the investment performance of the U.S. small-size value mutual funds. The Fama-French five-factor model was used to perform the regression of the portfolio returns composed out of the mutual funds with the chosen investment theme, as well as the regression at the individual level for 64 analyzed mutual funds, against the model's factors. The study covers the period from January 2010 until November 2021, using monthly returns. Our findings suggest that the factors from the original three-factor models are in line with the expectations and there is no presence of the potential style drift. In addition, the operating profit factor shows the expected causality relation. However, the exposure relating to the investing factor is slightly negative and may be surprising to a certain extent, having in mind the stated value style. Investment performance attribution of the portfolio explained the portfolio returns in the relation to the factors and found out that there is a statistically significant underperformance. Positive contributors to the investment performance are, in the presented order of the importance, market premium, as well as portfolio tilt towards stocks of the companies with the strong operating profit, small-capitalization, and aggressive investing policy. Lastly, value-style tilt led to negative performance contribution because the style was out of favor.
Modeling the High‐z Universe: Probing Galaxy Formation

We discuss how the conditions at high redshift differ from those at low redshift, and what the impact is on the galaxy population. We focus in particular on the role of gaseous dissipation and its impact on sustaining high star formation rates as well as on driving star-bursts in mergers. Gas accretion onto galaxies at high redshifts occurs on a halo dynamical time allowing for very efficiently sustained star formation. In addition cold accretion flows are able to drive turbulence in high redshift disks at the level observed if at least 20% of the accretion energy is converted into random motion in the gaseous disk. In general we find that the fraction of gas involved in galaxy mergers is a strong function of time and increases with redshift. A model combining the role of dissipation during mergers and continued infall of satellite galaxies allows to reproduce the observed size-evolution of early-type galaxies with redshift. Furthermore we investigate how the evolution of the faint-end of the luminosity function can be explained in terms of the evolution of the underlying dark matter evolution.
Quintom Cosmology with General Potentials

We investigate the phase-space structure of the quintom paradigm in the framework of a spatially flat, open, or closed isotropic and homogeneous universe. We examine the dynamical evolution under the assumption of late-time dark energy domination, without specifying the explicit quintom potential form. The obtained cosmological behavior is qualitatively different than that acquired from the single phantom model.
The LOFAR Epoch of Reionization Data Model : Simulations, Calibration, Inversion

One of the most exciting applications of LOFAR will be the search for redshifted 21-cm line emission from the Epoch of Reionization (EOR). It is currently believed that the Dark Ages, the period after recombination when the Universe turned neutral, lasted until around the Universe was 400,000 years old. During the EOR, objects started to form in the early Universe and they were energetic enough to ionize neutral hydrogen. The most prominent method to unravel the string leading to this epoch is the-21-cm line of neutral hydrogen the most abundant element in the Universe. Due to the expansion of the Universe, this line is redshifted to the low regime of the radio spectrum with wavelengths of the order of a few meters. The sensitivity required to achieve this scientific goal, essentially translates into accumulating large amounts of data. Furthermore, the data have to be corrected for instrumental and atmospheric distortions to an unprecedented level. This thesis examines the relationship between the sky signal and the observed data and discusses a statistically optimal solution for the processing of LOFAR data that is also computationally efficient.
Social and economic position of smallholders farmers in Serbia

The paper focuses on the socio-economic factors of small farms in Serbia. Small farms occupy most of the farmland and, therefore, are very important to economic and agricultural development, although they achieve lower income and are not as productive as large farms. The authors conducted research and addressed the key related to the functioning of small farms in the context of the population working in agriculture. The primary goal of this article was to identify the share of the population working in agriculture and their income structure, level of education, age, gender, working hours etc. Using a database of 550 farms, the socio-economic factors were calculated, and then the impact of the selected factors on economic and sustainable development. Identifying those socio-economic effects may provide recommendations for the policy of supporting small-scale family farms in the analyzed country.
Scanning laser-velocimeter surveys and analysis of multiple vortex wakes of an aircraft

A laser velocimeter capable of rapidly scanning a flow field while simultaneously sensing two components of the velocity was used to measure the vertical and streamwise velocity structure 1.5 spans downstream in the wake of a model typical of a large subsonic transport (Boeing 747). This flow field was modeled by a superposition of axisymmetric vortices with finite cores. This theoretical model was found to agree with the measured velocities everywhere except where two vortices were in close proximity. Vortex strengths derived from the span loading on the wing as predicted by vortex-lattice theory also agree with the present measurements. The axisymmetric vortex model used herein is a useful tool for analytically investigating the vortex wakes of aircraft.
Depletion and fluctuations of a trapped dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate in the roton regime

We consider the noncondensate density and density fluctuations of a trapped dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate, focusing on the regime where a rotonlike excitation spectrum develops. Our results show that a characteristic peak in the noncondensate density occurs at trap center due to the rotons. In this regime we also find that the anomalous density becomes positive and peaked, giving rise to enhanced density fluctuations. We calculate the noncondensate density in momentum space and show that a small momentum halo is associated with the roton excitations.
Adaptive command filtered control for switched multi‐input multi‐output nonlinear systems with hysteresis inputs

This article is devoted to designing an adaptive command filtered control scheme for a category of multiple‐input multiple‐output switched nonlinear systems with backlash‐like hysteresis. The “explosion of complexity” issue, which comes from the derivatives of the intermediate controller, is eliminated by using a command filter technique. Meanwhile, an error compensation mechanism is introduced to offset the filter error's impact on system performances and overcome the drawback of traditional dynamic surface control methods. Furthermore, a proper Lyapunov function and an adaptive law are fixed in the last step of the backstepping design procedure to surmount the design difficulty arising from the backlash‐like hysteresis nonlinearity. In a word, by utilizing the command filter technique, backstepping algorithm, and average dwell time method, an adaptive controller is constructed, which can not only guarantee that the system outputs track the desired trajectories as far as possible but also ensure all the signals are bounded. Simulation results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Monitoring of Heat Flux Energy in the Northernmost Part of Sumatra Volcano Using Landsat 8 and Meteorological Data

Geothermal energy, as a part of green and renewable energy, has been widely developed in the world to replace the current conventional fossil energy. Peut Sagoe is an active volcano in the northern part of Sumatra. The volcanic mountain has not been completely explored for geothermal and energy reserves study. This is due to the volcano locates in a high topography and surrounded by dense tropical forest, which makes it challenging to deploy geophysical instruments in the area. The Landsat 8 thermal infrared and meteorological data from 2013 – 2020 were used to estimate the energy resources by calculating the radiative heat flux (RHF) and measuring the energy lost annually through the heat discharge rate (HDR). We also used the normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI) for vegetation analysis, and estimation of its emissivity data. The mono-window algorithm was used to calculate the land surface temperature (LST). The Stefan–Boltzmann equation was utilized to analyze thermal infrared data for RHF, and ambient temperature and relative humidity data were acquired from the Indonesian Meteorological Agency (BMKG) database. The results showed that low vegetation values and high LST of 25°C–35°C were found in crater areas, which indicate the underground thermal activities of the mountain. It demonstrates that the maximum RHF values were 55 W/m2 in 2013 and 37 W/m2 in 2020. The HDR data were calculated by applying 15% of the RHF data, and the amounts of energy lost were 132.5 MWe and 64.5 MWe in 2013 and 2015 respectively. It increased to 186.4 MWe in 2017 and 89 MWe in 2020. Based on these predicted results, we conclude that the combination of thermal infrared imagery of Landsat 8 and meteorological data is an effective approach in estimating geothermal energy potential and energy loss of volcanoes situated in remote areas
Effect of a Novel Graphene on the Flame Retardancy and Thermal Degradation Behavior of Epoxy Resin

Abstract The effect of graphene modified with a phosphorus and silicon-containing compound (GO-DOPO-V) on the flame retardancy and thermal stability of epoxy resin (EP) was studied by cone calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in nitrogen. After incorporation of 2 wt% GO-DOPO-V into EP, maximum decreases of 28.8% in peak heat release rate (pHRR) and 15.6% in total heat release (THR) were achieved compared to that of pure EP. It was shown that GO-DOPO-V significantly promoted the formation of an EP tight char layer and the char residue of EP/GO-DOPO-V composite at 600 °C was 13.39 wt%, which was almost twice that of pure EP. Furthermore, the non-isothermal degradation behavior of EP/GO-DOPO-V composites were investigated also in a nitrogen atmosphere. It was found that the addition of GO-DOPO-V changed the degradation behavior of EP composites in the early and middle stages. Both the Kissinger and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa methods revealed that the addition of GO-DOPO-V increased the thermal degradation activation energy of EP, and improved the flame retardancy of the polymer matrix.
Kernel PLS-SVC for Linear and Nonlinear Discrimination

A new methodology for discrimination is proposed. This is based on kernel orthonormalized partial least squares (PLS) dimensionality reduction of the original data space followed by support vector machines for classification. Close connection of orthonormalized PLS and Fisher's approach to linear discrimination or equivalently with canonical correlation analysis is described. This gives preference to use orthonormalized PLS over principal component analysis. Good behavior of the proposed method is demonstrated on 13 different benchmark data sets and on the real world problem of the classification finger movement periods versus non-movement periods based on electroencephalogram.
The Significance Test Controversy Revisited: The Fiducial Bayesian Alternative

Introduction. - Preamble - Frequentist and Bayesian Inference. - The Fisher, Neyman-Pearson and Jeffreys Views of Statistical Tests. - GHOST: An Officially Recommended Practice. - The Significance Test Controversy Revisited. - Reporting Effect Sizes: The New Star System. - Reporting Confidence Intervals: A Paradoxical Situation. - Basic Fiducial Bayesian Procedures for Inference About Means. - Generalizations and Methodological Considerations for ANOVA. - Conclusion. - Index.
Full‐sky map of the ISW and Rees–Sciama effect from Gpc simulations

We present a new method for constructing maps of the secondary temperature fluctuations imprinted on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation by photons propagating through the evolving cosmic gravitational potential. Large cosmological N-body simulations are used to calculate the complete non-linear evolution of the peculiar gravitational potential. Tracing light rays back through the past light cone of a chosen observer accurately captures the temperature perturbations generated by linear (the integrated Sachs-Wolfe or ISW effect) and non-linear (the Rees-Sciama or RS effect) evolution. These effects give rise to three kinds of non-linear features in the temperature maps. (i) In overdense regions, converging flows of matter induce cold spots of the order of 100 Mpc in extent which can dominate over the ISW effect at high redshift, and are surrounded by hot rings. (ii) In underdense regions, the RS effect enhances ISW cold spots which can be surrounded by weak hot rings. (iii) Transverse motions of large lumps of matter produce characteristic dipole features, consisting of adjacent hot and cold spots separated by a few tens of megaparsecs. These non-linear features are not easily detectable; they modulate the ISW sky maps at about the 10 per cent level. The RS effect causes the angular power spectrum to deviate from linear theory at l ∼ 50 and generates non-Gaussianity, skewing the one-point distribution function to negative values. Cold spots of similar angular size, but much smaller amplitude than the CMB cold spot reported by Cruz et al. are produced. Joint analysis of our maps and the corresponding galaxy distribution may enable techniques to be developed to detect these non-linear, non-Gaussian features. Our maps are available at http://astro.dur. ac.uk/∼cai/ISW.