Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Generation of the Morning Glory

Abstract A high-resolution cloud model is used to explore in detail the generation of the morning glory, a low-level nonlinear atmospheric internal wave observed on the southwestern side of Cape York Peninsula (Australia). The model is two-dimensional and nonhydrostatic and simulates an east–west cross section of the southern part of Cape York Peninsula at a horizontal resolution of 200 m. Most of the numerical experiments are initialized at sunrise with a 5 m s−1 easterly flow and a sounding taken upstream from the peninsula. The sea breezes that develop over Cape York Peninsula are highly asymmetric with the east-coast sea breeze being both deeper and warmer than its western counterpart. When the sea breezes meet, the east-coast sea breeze rides over that from the west coast and in the process produces a series of waves that propagate on the west-coast sea breeze. The model calculations show that when the phase speed of these waves matches the westward propagation speed of the east-coast sea breeze, the.
Collapse of the EPR fine structure of a one-dimensional array of weakly interacting binuclear units: A dimensional quantum phase transition

Rafael Calvo,1,* Julian E. Abud,1 Rosana P. Sartoris,1 and Ricardo C. Santana2 1Departamento de Fisica, Facultad de Bioquimica y Ciencias Biologicas and INTEC, CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Guemes 3450, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina 2Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal de Goias, Campus Samambaia, CP 131, 74001-970 Goiânia (GO), Brazil (Received 20 May 2011; revised manuscript received 18 July 2011; published 19 September 2011)
Design of Comparative Experiments (Cambridge Series in Statistical and Probabilistic Mathematics) by BAILEY, R. A.

Design of Comparative Experiments (Cambridge Series in Statistical and Probabilistic Mathematics) (R. A. Bailey) Carla L. Goad Cluster Randomised Trials (R. J. Hayes and L. H. Moulton) Michael J. Campbell Bayesian Evaluation of Informative Hypotheses (H. Hoijtink, I. Klugkist, and P. A. Boelen, Editors) Bo Cai Bayesian Methods for Measures of Agreement (L. Broemeling) Cody Hamilton Statistical Learning from a Regression Perspective (R. A. Berk) Yutaka Yasui and Xiaoming Wang Statistical Detection and Surveillance of Geographic Clusters (P. Rogerson and I. Yamada) Maria Dolores Ugarte Global Sensitivity Analysis. The Primer (A. Saltelli, M. Ratto, T. Andres, F. Campolongo, J. Cariboni, D. Gatelli, M. Saisana, and S. Tarantola) Bryan E. Shepherd Semi-Markov Chains and Hidden Semi-Markov Models toward Applications: Their Use in Reliability and DNA Analysis (V. S. Barbu and N. Limnios) Yann Guedon Brief Reports by the Editor Handbook of Statistical Analyses Using SAS, 3rd edition (G. Der and B. S. Everitt) Software for Data Analysis: Programming with R (J. M. Chambers) R for SAS and SPSS Users (R. A. Muenchen) Recent Advances in Linear Models and Related Areas: Essays in Honour of Helge Toutenburg (Shalabh and C. Heumann) Medical Statistics from A to Z, 2nd edition (B. Everitt)
An experimental study of the flow through and over two dimensional rectangular roughness elements: Deductions for urban boundary layer parameterizations and exchange processes

This paper investigates the flow through and over two-dimensional rectangular roughness elements, arranged in a building-street canyon geometry through a series of experiments. Geometries of different packing densities of the roughness elements (λp) were examined and the packing density values ranged from λp = 0.30 to 0.67. The purpose of the work is: (i) to investigate the flow physics observed both at the boundary layer scale as well as at the scale within the roughness elements for a range of packing densities, (ii) to deduce parameterizations of the adjusted rough boundary layer and their variation with a change in the packing density, and (iii) given a particular interest in and application to the urban atmosphere, a final aim at the roughness-element scale is to deduce the variation of the breathability with the packing density variation. Particle image velocimetery measurements of the velocity flow field as well as the turbulent kinetic energy and the Reynolds Stress (within and up to well-above the street canyons) were conducted. The results reveal qualitative flow features as well as features of the adjusted boundary layer structure—in particular the roughness and inertial sublayers, which can be associated with the surface roughness length, zero-plane displacement thickness, and the friction velocity. The lowest friction velocities are exhibited in the geometries with the highest- and lowest packing densities while the maximum friction velocities are observed in the medium-packed geometries. The exchange processes and breathability at the level of the roughness elements top were characterized and quantified by a mean exchange velocity. The results show that unlike friction velocity, the normalized exchange velocity (over the mean bulk velocity) for the most dense and sparse geometries differ by more than 80%, with the denser-packed geometries exhibiting lower exchange velocities; this is shown to be related with the thickness of the developed roughness sublayer.
EFFECT OF FLOW RATE ON DIAMETER OF ELECTROSPUN NANOPOROUS FIBERS

The effect of flow rate on the diameter of the charged jet in the electrospinning process is studied theoretically. The obtained theoretical results offer in-depth physical understanding and mechanism of nanoporous fibers. It also reveals that the morphology and diameter of nanoporous microspheres can be controlled by the flow rate.
Reactive ion etching of Fe-Si-Al alloy for thin film head

Elevated-temperature reactive ion etching (ET-RIE) in CCI/sub 4/ containing a gas plasma was investigated on Fe-Si-Al alloy by using an infrared lamp. A high etching rate, 200 nm/min, is obtained at 378 degrees C. Etching residues containing chloride are easily removed by an after-treatment process. Applying this ET-RIE to Fe-Si-Al alloy, a 1.7 mu m*3 mu m cross section pattern is achieved. No permeability deterioration is detected after ET-RIE. The ET-RIE method is very promising for patterning Fe-based alloy as thin-film head pole material. >
Simultaneous measurement of temperature and pressure with cascaded extrinsic Fabry–Perot interferometer and intrinsic Fabry–Perot interferometer sensors

Abstract. This paper presents an approach for simultaneous measurement of temperature and pressure using miniaturized fiber inline sensors. The approach utilizes the cascaded optical fiber inline intrinsic Fabry–Perot interferometer and extrinsic Fabry–Perot interferometer as temperature and pressure sensing elements, respectively. A CO2 laser was used to create a loss between them to balance their reflection power levels. The multiplexed signals were demodulated using a Fast Fourier transform-based wavelength tracking method. Experimental results showed that the sensing system could measure temperature and pressure unambiguously in a pressure range of 0 to 6.895×105 Pa and a temperature range from 20°C to 700°C.
Parley as an approach to distributed detection

Decentralized detection networks implement local likelihood ratio tests at each sensor and combine the local decisions into a global decision. In general this is a "one-pass" procedure, with data transmission from the sensors (or subordinate decision makers) to the fusion center. There have been treatments of multipass schemes, but usually the approach has been to update the local decisions based on the previous fused decision. We explore the use of feedback (of all sensor decisions to all sensors) and successive retesting and rebroadcasting of the updated decisions until a common decision or consensus is reached, an operation we call parley due to its similarity to the process of discussion and negotiation by a team of human decision makers. We consider two modes of operation of such a network. In the first, all sensors are as correct as possible at all times. We see that this network is fast in reaching consensus, but not particularly as "correct" as it could be. Under the second scheme, we observe that via feedback it is possible for the network to make an optimum decision-this may, of course, require several rounds of parley. Of particular interest is that under both schemes a consensus always occurs-the sensors never "agree to disagree". >
Linear and robust Gaussian regression filters

This paper presents a brief overview about Gaussian regression filters to extract surface roughness. The mathematical background in the spatial as well as in the frequency domain is discussed. It is shown that Gaussian regression filters work without any running in and running out sections and can approximate form up to pth degree. In the industrial world it is well known that linear filters are non robust, which means that any protruding peak or valley (also called `outlier') leads to a distorted roughness topography and effects the calculation of surface parameters directly. In particular plateau like surfaces are good candidates for such critical datasets. In the paper it is shown that such a distortion can be avoided by choosing an appropriate Ψ function. This proceeding leads to the so called robust Gaussian regression filter with all the advanced properties of the linear one.
Clinical Nurse Specialist and Clinical Nurse Leader Collaboration During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Purpose The aim of this study was to describe an innovative strategy to maintain healthcare worker safety and optimal patient outcomes that was implemented by a healthcare system in the Southeastern United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. Program Description During the surges of the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare systems have struggled with healthcare worker burnout, high staff turnover rates, and redeployment of staff to unfamiliar areas and the uncertainty regarding COVID-19 personal protection and patient care. Clinical nurse specialist/clinical nurse leader teams were created to help ensure healthcare worker safety and optimize patient care outcomes. Outcome Healthcare worker safety and desired patient outcomes were maintained. Throughput was expedited for emergency department patients, and there was timely implementation of therapeutic modalities for critically ill patients. Conclusion Clinical nurse specialist/clinical nurse leader team collaboratively cross-trained staff to ensure their safety and delivery of quality patient care. The team was pivotal in helping safeguard staff from harm while optimizing patient outcomes. Lessons learned will help us in future disasters as well as our daily operations.
Preoperative Muscle Biopsy to Assess Motor End Plate Integrity as a Predictor for Successful Nerve Transfer

Case: A 60-year-old right-hand–dominant man was referred for persistent right deltoid weakness, lateral shoulder numbness, and severe functional deficit 3 months after undergoing proximal humerus open reduction and internal fixation with plate and fibular strut allograft. Deltoid muscle biopsy demonstrated motor end plate (MEP) degeneration. After partial radial-to-axillary nerve transfer, repeat deltoid muscle biopsy revealed successful regeneration of MEPs with reinnervation of deltoid confirmed with postnerve transfer electromyography. Conclusion: Selective nerve transfer can successfully rescue a denervated target muscle from further degeneration by restoration of healthy MEPs.
Twelve Years of Establishing the Strategies for Tongue Reconstruction

Background Reconstruction after resection of malignant tongue tumors remains one of the most difficult problems in head and neck oncology. Recent trends in tongue reconstruction have focused on optimizing speech and swallowing functions and maximizing quality of life. In the recent literature, several reconstructive strategies including regional flaps and free flaps have been described. Patients and Methods A case series of 328 patients underwent oral tongue reconstruction between March 2011 and March 2022. Functional evaluation was performed in all patients 3 months after reconstruction (where the patients required no adjuvant radiotherapy) or after radiotherapy. Results Total flap necrosis was seen in 5 patients with free flap reconstruction (2 radial forearm flaps, 1 lateral arm flap, and 2 anterolateral thigh flaps), 5 patients with infrahyoid myocutaneous flap, and 1 patient reconstructed with a supraclavicular flap. Our success rate is 96.6%; partial flap necrosis was observed in 11 patients with infrahyoid myocutaneous flap and 2 patients with a supraclavicular flap. Most patients with subtotal glossectomy or smaller defects (type II–IVA defects) could communicate on the phone and had the near-normal capacity for an oral diet. The remaining patients (type IVB–V defects) had significantly lower speech scores. The majority of patients could eat liquid and semiliquid foods. Conclusion Tongue cancer surgery and subsequent reconstruction posed exciting challenges for the surgeon to optimize tongue function and quality of life for patients. Attention to the principles of tongue reconstruction and choosing appropriate flap for each defect achieve better functional results.
Improved Delay-independent H₂ Performance Analysis and Memoryless State Feedback for Linear Delay Systems with Poly topic Uncertainties

An improved linear matrix inequality (LMI) representation of delay-independent H₂ performance analysis is introduced for linear delay systems with delays of any size. Based on this representation we propose a new H₂ memoryless state feedback design. By introducin g a new matrix variable, the new LMI formulation enables us to parameterize memoryles s controllers without involving the Lyapunov variables in the formulations. By using a parameter-dependent Lyapunov function, this new representation proposed here provides us the results with less conservatism.
Effective polarizabilities and local field corrections for nonlinear optical experiments in condensed media

A consistent extension of Onsager’s reaction field model to nonlinear-optical experiments in condensed media is presented. This model is used to derive effective (nonresonant) linear and nonlinear molecular polarizabilities involved in refractive index measurements, electric-field induced second-harmonic generation, hyper-Rayleigh scattering, third-harmonic generation and degenerate four-wave mixing. The commonly applied Lorentz correction, while being a useful approximation in linear optics, is demonstrated to lead to systematic errors of typically 20% in nonlinear optical experiments. This is due to an inherent inconsistency that originates from the implicit assumption of a cavity field factor for the nonlinear molecular response.
Noise properties of filtered-backprojection and ML-EM reconstructed emission tomographic images

The authors compare noise properties of emission tomographic images reconstructed using maximum likelihood-expectation maximum (ML-EM) and filtered-backprojection (FB) algorithms. Noise comparisons were made in terms of the covariance matrix, which gives information on the noise magnitude (variance) and noise texture (covariance). Noise properties were studied as a function of iteration for ML-EM and as a function of noise apodization filter for FB. It is shown that little noise variance is spread from high count density regions into low count regions and that the noise is correlated over shorter distances than for FB. It is concluded that ML-EM reconstruction has the potential to exceed FB in terms of detectability in low count density regions of emission tomographic images. <<ETX>>
An Evaluation of the Construct Validity for the Multiple-Subject Testing Programs.

The primary objective of this study was to examine the construct validity of two multiple-content testing programs, the multiple-choice Comprehensive Tests of Basic Skills (CTBS/5) and the performance-based Maryland School Performance Assessment Program (MSPAP), by evaluating the true-score longitudinal associations among multiple-content scores in one school. The CTBS dataset contained scores for 6,841 students with 5 content area scores on 2 grade-level tests. The first set for the MSPAP analyses contained scores for 6,326 students with 6 content area scores on 2 grade-level tests. For cross validation, the second dataset contained 6,547 students. Whether the true-score correlation between two time-period measures of the same content area was higher than the true score correlations with other content areas was evaluated. This criterion was achieved in two (Reading and Mathematics) of the five CTBS/5 content subtests, as well as one (Language) of the six MSPAP content subtests. The structural equation modeling was conducted with a multitrait-multimethod correlation dataset. The traits of Reading and Mathematics were assessed by MSPAP and the old version of the CTBS/4. Although convergent validity existed for these two measures, there was little evidence to support discriminant validity for both measures. (Contains 7 tables and 19 references.) (SLD) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. An Evaluation of the Construct Validity for the Multiple-subject Testing Programs
Non-invasive vascular elastography: a prospective study

Changes in vessel wall elasticity may be indicative of vessel pathologies. Recently, endovascular elastography has been proposed as a tool to complement IVUS echograms in pre-operative lesion assessments and to plan endovascular therapy. In this paper, this technology is introduced as an approach to non-invasively characterize superficial arteries. In such a case, a linear array ultrasound transducer is applied on the skin over the region of interest, and the arterial tissue is dilated by the normal cardiac pulsation. Because tissue motion occurs radially within the vessel wall while the ultrasound beam propagates axially, motion parameters might be difficult to interpret. In this paper, the Von Mises coefficient is proposed as a new parameter to characterize the vessel wall. The Lagrangian estimator was used because it computes the full 2D-strain tensor that is required to provide the Von Mises coefficient. The theoretical model was validated with biomechanical simulations of the vascular wall properties. The results allow believing in the potential of the method to differentiate hard plaques and lipid pools from normal vascular tissue.
Exhaustive Equivalence Classes of Optimal Systems with Separable Controls

For a given optimal feedback control problem two systems which have the same optimal feedback control laws and have identical Hamilton-Jacobi equations are said to be equivalent. A necessary and sufficient condition for the equivalence of two systems with separable controls is obtained; with this condition, one can generate exhaustive equivalence classes of optimal systems.
Beamtimes and Lifetimes: The World of High Energy Physicists

Preface Acknowledgments Prologue: An Anthropologist Studies Physicists Touring the Site: Powerful Places in the Laboratory Inventing Machines That Discover Nature: Detectors at SLAC and KEK Pilgrim's Progress: Male Tales Told During a Life in Physics Ground States: Distinctions and the Ties That Bind Buying Time and Taking Space: Negotiations, Collaboration, and Change Epilogue: Knowledge and Passion Notes Index
Assessment of non‐Fickian subgrid‐scale models for passive scalar in a channel flow

In order to assess new subgrid‐scale (SGS) models for a passive scalar, several large eddy simulations of a turbulent channel flow with passive scalar, for various Prandtl numbers ranging from 0.1 to 2.0 are carried out. These models are not based on the classical Fickian approximation and do not necessarily induce an alignment between the SGS heat flux vector and the gradient of the resolved temperature. Five SGS models are investigated on two grids. To validate the simulations, statistical quantities such as mean temperature, temperature variance and turbulent heat flux are compared with available data obtained by direct numerical simulation (DNS). The SGS dissipation is computed for different models in order to analyse its behaviour. The turbulence structures based on instantaneous velocity and temperature are described to study the correlations between these two fields. Among the assessed models, those consisting in Fickian and non‐Fickian parts seem to be full of promise. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of upper-triangular non-linear systems with marginally unstable free dynamics using state-dependent saturation

In this paper we present sufficient conditions under which a fairly large class of single-input non-linear systems including feedforward systems and the well-known ball-and-beam model, are globally asymptotically and locally exponentially stabilizable by smooth state feedback. A nested saturation controller with state-dependent saturation levels is constructed explicitly, using a novel design approach which combines the nested saturation strategy for marginally unstable linear systems subject to input saturation, with the small feedback design technique, developed for global asymptotic stabilization of general non-affine systems with marginally stable free dynamics. The power of the state-dependent saturation design method is demonstrated by solving a number of non-linear control problems, particularly, the global stabilization problem of a class of two-dimensional non-linear systems and the ball-and-beam system.
Dual-band circularly-polarized square microstrip antenna

New designs of obtaining dual-band circular polarization (CP) radiation of a single-feed square microstrip antenna are proposed and experimentally studied. The proposed single-feed dual-band CP designs are achieved by inserting four T-shaped slits at the patch edges or four Y-shaped slits at the patch corners of a square microstrip antenna. From experiments conducted, a patch size reduction as large as 36% for the proposed design, compared to a conventional CP design without the inserted slits, has been obtained. Details of the design considerations of the proposed antennas are described, and experimental results of the obtained dual-band CP performances are presented and discussed.
Scattering from breaking gravity waves without wind

Scattering experiments from breaking gravity waves conducted at a wave tank facility at small grazing angles in the absence of wind are analyzed. Breaking gravity waves are studied using a fully plane polarimetric horizontal (HH), vertical (VV), vertically transmitted and horizontally received polarization (VH), and horizontally transmitted and vertically received polarization (HV) pulse-chirped X-band (8.5-9.6 GHz) radar in conjunction with optical instruments: the plane polarimetric optical specular event detector (OSED) and side-looking camera (SLC). Spatially and temporally resolved radar backscatter has been measured and temporally correlated to the data obtained from the optical diagnostics. The experiments yield the following results: (1) enhanced scattering compared to Bragg scattering levels occurs throughout the evolutionary process of wave-breaking, i.e., the radar scatters strongly from both the unbroken and broken surfaces; (2) an explanation is found for the observation that the scatterer Doppler frequency is slightly less than the Doppler frequency corresponding to the fundamental wave phase speed; (3) a representative non-Bragg cross section of a breaking wave can be obtained; and (4) a breaking wave surface is found to be an efficient depolarizer.