Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adding Mode Choice to Multiagent Transport Simulation

It had been shown previously that so-called agent-based traffic micro-simulations could be used for dynamic traffic assignment, that is, iterative route adjustment, until either a Nash equilibrium or some steady state distribution between alternatives had been found. It was also shown that the same approach could be extended to (departure) time adjustment; that is, time adjustment and route adjustment could exist in the same iterative approach. In this paper it is shown that the approach can be extended to mode choice by forcing every synthetic traveler to consider every available mode. The implementation is verified with a test case for which an approximate solution can be analytically derived and for which it is shown that simulation and theory are consistent. It is then applied to a large-scale real-world example, the metropolitan Zurich, Switzerland, area, with about 1 million inhabitants. For this example, it is shown that the adaptive scheme, albeit seemingly simple, can outperform a more traditional approach that first computes mode choice on the basis of aggregate data and then runs the assignment for car traffic only. Sensitivity tests show that the model reacts in meaningful ways, in particular concerning the interaction between the time structure of activities and mode choice.
On the limits of miniature electron column technology

Miniature columns or microcolumns are a relatively new class of electron beam columns fabricated entirely from silicon using advanced micromachining processes. The main characteristics of these columns are thermal field emission (TFE) sources, low voltage operation (typically <3keV), simple design (two lenses, no crossover), microfabricated lenses, and all electrostatic components. Current production versions of miniature columns achieve <10nm resolution at 1keV, and have demonstrated <6nm resolution at higher beam energies.1,2 While this performance is suitable for most applications, previous studies of the electron optics of miniature electrostatic lenses show better performance should be attainable under “ideal” conditions.3 In practice, achieving these conditions is challenging because, in addition to the manufacturing errors from the miniature optics, other subsystems can impose additional constraints. An understanding of the major contributors to column performance, whether optical or mechanical, is essential, and can provide a roadmap for further improvements in the existing technology.
Excitation of the dominant mode of a round fiber by a Gaussian beam

The excitation of the dominant HE 11 mode of a round optical fiber by a gaussian beam has been calculated. The calculation is based on the assumption that reflected waves can be neglected. It is thus applicable only to fibers with low index difference between core and cladding. It is found that optimum excitation of the HE 11 mode is achieved for loosely guided beams if the product of the beam half-width w times the radial decay constant γ of the HE 11 mode outside of the guide is unity, γw = 1. For tightly coupled modes 2½w must be equal to the core radius in order to achieve optimum excitation. As much as 99 percent of the power can be transferred to the HE 11 mode. Also investigated are the effects of an off-set or tilted beam on the mode excitation. The mode excitation drops to 36 percent if the amount of off-set equals the beam half-width. The effect of tilts depends on the parameter kd, free space propagation constant times core radius of the fiber. For small values of kd or loosely guided modes, the mode excitation is very sensitive to tilts of the gaussian beam. As long as the HE 11 mode is the only mode that can propagate, increasing values of kd lead to less sensitivity with respect to tilts. For multimode operation of the fiber, the sensitivity to tilts increases with increasing values of kd. The minimum of tilt sensitivity coincides with the minimum spot size of the guided mode.
Effects of the returning organic wastes on soil enzymes and microbial quantity in dryland farming

Corn straw and animal manure are high-quality organic materials which contain a large amount of organic matter as well as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and other trace elements necessary for plant growth and agricultural sustainability (Kumar et al., 2018). Statistical data have shown that every year, about 700 million tonnes of crop straw and 3.8 billion tonnes of animal manure are produced as agricultural waste in China (Wang et al., 2017; Wang et al., 2020). The burning of straw and the inappropriate disposal of animal manure leads to a waste of resources and environmental pollution (Ji, 2015). Returning straw to the field is an effective practice that facilitates the management of agricultural residues (Blumfield et al., 2003). Hou et al. (2012) reported that the application of straw mulch is a traditional agricultural practice used to reduce evaporation and improve crop yields, however, the traditional ways of applying mulch do have some shortcomings, such as the slow decomposition rate of the straw which leads to a low emergence rate for seedlings (Hu et al., 2016). Lafond et al. (2009) found that straw mulch had no significant effects on crop production and soil quality. Therefore, this research seeks to test a new method of returning straw, which may serve to alleviate the shortcomings of the traditional straws techniques in order to improve sustainable agricultural production. © 2021 Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences
50 GHz InGaAs edge-coupled PIN photodetector

An edge-coupled PIN photodetector with an InGaAs absorber layer has been designed and fabricated. Values of bandwidth at 1530 nm, with and without bias, have been measured as 50 GHz and 20 GHz, respectively. The external quantum efficiency is as high as 40% using a standard 12 mu m radius lens-ended single-mode fibre.
Composite research and development in Korea

The recent research and development activities of some laboratories working on composite materials in universities (KAIST, Seoul National Univ., Postech, Gyeongsang National Univ.), research institutes (KIMM, KARI), and companies (Hankuk Fiber, DACC) are introduced in this article. Their activities cover a broad range of research and development fields in composite materials: design and fabrication; processing technology; structural analysis; characterization of composite materials; NDE; fiber optic structures; damage detection; health monitoring; smart structures and so on. These technologies will be increasingly used in various fields and the development of these technologies will play an important role in future industries.
An analysis of spectral similarity measures

In this paper we analyze the most used measures for the assessment of spectral similarity of reflectance and radiance signals. First of all we divide them in five groups on the basis of the type of errors they measure. We proceed analyzing their mathematical definition to identify unintended behaviors and types of errors they are blind to. Then exploiting the Munsell atlas we analyze the correlation between metrics in terms of both Pearson's Linear Correlation Coefficient (PLCC) and Spearman's Rank Order Correlation Coefficient (SROCC). Finally we analyze the behaviour of the selected metrics with respect to two different color properties: the Chroma and the Lightness computed in the CIE L* a* b* color space. The source code of the spectral measures considered is available at the following link: <ext-link ext-link-type="url" xlink:href="https://celuigi.github. io/spectral-similarity-metrics-comparison/">https://celuigi.github. io/spectral-similarity-metrics-comparison/</ext-link>.
Compact and high-performance bandpass filter and diplexer based on SCMRC-loaded SIR

Bandpass filter (BPF) and diplexer, which are required to be compact size and high performance, are widely used in modern wireless communication systems. In this article, novel BPF and diplexer are designed using the proposed resonator called spiral compact microstrip resonator cell (SCMRC)-loaded stepped-impedance resonator (SIR). The SCMRC-loaded SIR is proposed using the slow-wave structure SCMRC to replace the low-impedance section of the conventional SIR. Compared with the conventional SIR, the new SCMRC-loaded SIR has a compacter size and can generate a transmission zero above its fundamental resonant frequency. As examples, a BPF with the central frequency at f 0 = 1 GHz and a diplexer operating at 0.9/1.57 GHz are designed and fabricated. The fabricated BPF occupies a compact size of 0.07 λ 0 × 0.035 λ 0 and has a −60 dB rejection level wide stopband from 1.2 f 0 to 3.8 f 0. The fabricated diplexer occupies a compact size of 0.076 λ 0 × 0.128 λ 0 and has an up to −50 dB output isolation. Good agreement can be observed between the simulations and the measurements.
Hydromechanical and physiological mechanical-to-electrical power converter with PVDF film

The efficiency of power converters with PVDF film depends on film strain, piezoelectric coupling coefficient, wave height and stress time function. The limiting cases of great primary power (hydromechanical converter) and low primary power (physiological converter) are discussed. Applications for the power supply of buoys and initial physiological experiments are described.
2021 Focused update of the 2017 consensus guidelines of the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS) on stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation

The consensus of the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS) on stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF) has been published in 2017 which provided useful clinical guidance for cardiologists, neurologists, geriatricians, and general practitioners in Asia‐Pacific region. In these years, many important new data regarding stroke prevention in AF were reported. The Practice Guidelines subcommittee members comprehensively reviewed updated information on stroke prevention in AF, and summarized them in this 2021 focused update of the 2017 consensus guidelines of the APHRS on stroke prevention in AF. We highlighted and focused on several issues, including the importance of AF Better Care (ABC) pathway, the advantages of non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) for Asians, the considerations of use of NOACs for Asian patients with AF with single 1 stroke risk factor beyond gender, the role of lifestyle factors on stroke risk, the use of oral anticoagulants during the “coronavirus disease 2019” (COVID‐19) pandemic, etc. We fully realize that there are gaps, unaddressed questions, and many areas of uncertainty and debate in the current knowledge of AF, and the physician's decision remains the most important factor in the management of AF.
Impact of Merger and Acquisition on Financial Performance: Evidence from Construction and Real Estate Industry of India

This article aims to examine the impact of mergers and acquisitions (M&A) on the financial performance of the construction and real estate industry, using the broad spectrum of financial ratios. The period of study is from 2011 to 2020, and paired t-test methodology has been used. It is hypothesized that there is a significant difference in the pre-M&A period and post-M&A period. The study findings conclude that profitability ratio and liquidity ratio have improved significantly, whereas leverage ratio exhibits no change in performance. In the efficiency ratio, the fixed-assets turnover ratio substantially improves, but the total asset turnover ratio and current asset turnover ratio show a slight improvement. The study concludes that the Indian construction and real estate company’s financial performance has improved overall for the acquiring firms during the post-M&A period. The study implies that the construction sector supports the synergy hypothesis, stating that M&A will improve synergy during the post-M&A period because of the consolidation of two firms’ resources.
An application of value analysis and a study of machine shop capacity through sampling based on component characteristics and value classification

This paper deals with improvements in manufacturing effectiveness found possible through examination of design and machining requirements for light mechanical/electrical lifting equipment, manufactured on a batch basis. Value analysis and value engineering concepts were applied to the design of a small overhead travelling trolley. The aim of the value analysis was to achieve maximum savings from modifications to the existing design, whilst that of value engineering was the development of a conceptually-new design directed towards minimum manufacturing cost. The potential changes and savings from both approaches are described. In the machine shop capacity study, components were first coded and classified by the VUOSO system and a representative sample, by value, taken as the basis for the process planning investigation. By reference to revised machining methods, standard data, and the maximum use of special tooling, jigs, fixtures and carbide tooling, a possible average reduction in machining time of appro.
TOPOLOGISCH VERÄNDERBARE DREIDIMENSIONALE AKTIVE KONTUREN IN DER MEDIZINISCHEN BILDVERARBEITUNG

EINLEITUNG Die bildgebenden Verfahren der Medizin und die Methoden der digitalen Bildverarbeitung spielen eine zunehmend große Rolle bei der Diagnostik, der Operationsplanung und der Modellierung des menschlichen Körpers. Die Segmentation einzelner Strukturen aus medizinischen Datensätzen ist ein wichtiger Teilschritt, um Gewebearten klassifizieren zu können. Aktive Kontur Modelle eignen sich zur Segmentation klinischer tomographischer Datensätze, da sie tolerant gegenüber Artefakten sind. Sie sind jedoch häufig dadurch beschränkt, dass sie ihre Topologie nicht verändern können und somit nicht in der Lage, anatomisch komplexe Strukturen zu modellieren. Das hier vorgestellte topologisch veränderbare Aktive Kontur Modell stellt eine Erweiterung Aktiver Konturen dar. Durch die nachfolgend beschriebene Methode ist die topologisch veränderbare Aktive Kontur m der Lage sich zu teilen. Weiterhin können Fronten einer oder mehrerer Konturen miteinander verschmelzen. Durch diese Eigenschaften wird die Segmentation komplexer Strukturen möglich.
Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Fuzzy Logic Based Active Vibration Control of Beams

This paper presents fuzzy logic based velocity feedback control for active vibration control of beams. The controller is first developed for a single degree of freedom spring mass system. Rule base consisting of three simple rules based on velocity is used. It is found theoretically as well as experimentally, that for the same settling time maximum applied force required by fuzzy logic controller is much less than that required by direct negative velocity feedback control. The fuzzy controller so developed is then applied for active vibration control of beams. The controller is implemented experimentally on a test beam and the results are found satisfactory. The test system consists of a cantilevered beam with piezoelectric sensor and actuator patches mounted in collocated fashion. The fuzzy logic controller is based on modal velocity of the beam. Modal velocity of the beam acts as an input to the fuzzy controller and actuation force is output from the inference engine. The issues related to design of fuzzy logic controller based on velocity are discussed.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Implementation of Scalar Control Technique in SVPWM Switched Three–Level Inverter Fed Induction Motor Using DSP Controller

The main objective of the paper is to control the speed of an induction machine with scalar control technique. The scalar control technique (V/F) is used because of simplicity of control algorithm implementation and the response is better and accurate with closed loop slip compensation. An IGBT based three level diode clamped inverter (DCI) topology has been used instead of conventional two level inverter in order to reduce the harmonic content and to increase the device capability to handle the double the voltage of its rating.
Transistor Sine Wave Oscillators-Squegging and Collector Saturation

The previous analysis of the amplitude limiting properties of transistor sine wave oscillators is extended to include the calculation of self-modulated or squegging conditions as well as the effects of collector-base diode saturation. The conditions for avoiding squegging are clearly defined in terms of known or directly measurable circuit parameters. If squegging is desired then a clear boundary is established between initial squegging that is sinusoidal and initial squegging that is exponential. For sinusoidal frequency squegging the squegging frequency is shown to be of the form (ql_{DC}/kT)(1/C')(f(x)) where C' is a circuit parameter and f(x) is a plotted function of the oscillator feedback voltage.
Reliable population utility signal from diverse economic value coding in orbitofrontal neurons

Economic value encapsulates the subjective combination of reward magnitude and probability. We investigated the mechanism for subjective value computation in single neurons using an economic axiomatic approach. We found that single neurons in the macaque orbitofrontal cortex, known to be sensitive to reward magnitude and probability, encode the economic value functions (utility and probability weighting) in a heterogeneous manner, such that the activity of individual neurons did not match the animal's choices. However, the utility and probability weighting code from a population of these varied neurons reliably matched the animals' choices and risk attitudes. Thus, the neuronal population code for economic value amounted to a distributional representation of the formal economic functions. With a diverse single-unit economic value code converging into a reliable population-level utility code, this scheme suggests a brain mechanism for the flexible accommodation of multiple choice patterns and risk attitudes.
Architecture of Mobile Payment System with Tolerate Mechanism

A good architecture is the basis of system security and stable operation, which can effectively reduce the risk of system construction, and ensure health development. The mobile payment system involves many links; the process is complex and diverse with higher security requirements. Combined with advanced security technology --- tolerance mechanisms, a novel mobile payment system architecture is design. Voting unit and detection unit checks the states of system; management unit restores or reconstructs system to ensure the operation of key services by redundancy of services and equipments; Threshold (n, t) multiplies the difficulty of the attack proxy server to gain access to sensitive information. According to security and performance analysis, proposed architecture is safe and effective.
Minimizing Red Light Violations: How Many Cameras Do We Need for a Given Number of Locations?

Although red light cameras are widely used to discourage red light running, relatively little has been done on how to best deploy these cameras to maximize their efficacy. Due to their high price tags, many jurisdictions will purchase a relatively smaller number of cameras and rotate them among a larger number of camera-ready intersections. This article analyzed the red light violations data from the City of Edmonton and developed a simple method to determine the number of cameras needed to effectively enforce a given number of locations.
Stromquellenrekonstruktion in einem physikalischen Thorax-Phantom mit Hilfe von Magnetfeld- und Body-Surface-Potential-Mapping

EINLEITUNG Die Rekonstruktion der elektrischen Stromverteilungen im Herzen oder Gehirn mit Hilfe von Magnetfeld-Maps (MFM) bzw. Body-Surface-Potential-Maps (BSPM) stellt ein typisches inverses Problem dar, das über eine numerischen Modellierung des magnetischen bzw. elektrischen Feldes (Vorwärtsproblem) unter Verwendung verschiedener Optimierungsverfahren gelöst werden kann. Resultate dieser numerischen Verfahren sind Daten, die die Lokalisierung fokaler (dipolarer) Quellen bzw. die Rekonstruktion verteilter Quellen charakterisieren. Damit sind, mehr oder weniger genau, Rückschlüsse auf die die gemessenen Felder verursachenden Quellenstrukturen möglich. Dazu werden die stationären, elektrischen und magnetischen Felder in homogenen Subvolumina meist mittels der Boundary Elemente Methode (BEM) approximiert und unter Anwendung linearer und/oder nichtlinearer Optimierungsverfahren äquivalente dipolare oder verteilte Quellen rekonstruiert. Die dabei auftretenden Lokalisationsfehler können durch hochgenaue Computersimulationen mittels der Finite Elemente Methode (FEM) oder durch Vergleichsmessungen an physikalischen Phantomen abgeschätzt werden. Ziel unserer Studie ist einerseits die Verifizierung und andererseits die Validierung der numerischen Verfahren zur Lokalisation fokaler und Rekonstruktion verteilter Quellen anhand von Messungen (am physikalischen Phantom), die unter wohldefinierten Meßbedingungen gewonnen wurden. Dabei steht insbesondere die Modellierung und die Rekonstruktion verteilter Stromquellen im Mittelpunkt unseres Interesses.
Controllable coupling to the second-order mode of a photonic crystal fiber

We demonstrate a novel technique for controllable coupling to the second-order guided mode of an index guided photonic crystal fiber (PCF). Efficient coupling of light to the PCF depends on synthesizing the appropriate input field distribution at the focus of a coupling lens, corresopnding to the spatial Fourier transform of the phase-encoded incident light. A π-modulated binary grating encoded on a computer-programmable spatial light modulator generates the appropriate field distribution for contorllable coupling to the second-order guided mode of a commercially available index-guided PCF wiht a triangular lattice air-hole structure.
Decrease in Residual Neurological Symptoms After Institutional Changes in Peripheral Nerve Block Use for Pediatric Knee Surgery

Background: Peripheral nerve blocks (PNBs) have recently been associated with a higher incidence of complications than previously thought. We compared: (1) incidence of PNB-related residual neurological symptoms and (2) patient selection, operative practices, and anesthesia practices for pediatric knee surgery patients before and after changes in PNB administration at our institution. Methods: We compared data from pediatric patients who underwent knee surgery with PNBs from 2014 to 2016 (cohort 1; 100 patients) or 2017 to 2019 (cohort 2; 104 patients). Cohort 2 was treated after PNB administration was limited to a dedicated anesthesia block team at our institution. We used t tests and χ2 tests, with an α level of 0.05. Results: The incidence of PNB-related neurological complications was lower in cohort 2 (0.96%;) than cohort 1 (6%) (P=0.045). The 1 complication in cohort 2 was numbness proximal to the knee. Cohort 1 had 5 cases of numbness proximal to the knee and 1 case of neuropathic pain upon palpation of the PNB site. The proportion of female patients was greater in cohort 2 (57%) than cohort 1 (36%) (P=0.01); age and body mass index did not differ between cohorts. In cohort 2, the mean operating time was longer, and tourniquets were used more frequently (both, P<0.01). A greater proportion of PNBs were performed by fellows in cohort 2 (67%) versus cohort 1 (55%) (P=0.01). A smaller proportion of PNBs were performed by residents in cohort 2 (6.9%) versus cohort 1 (16%) (P=0.01). The most common anatomic site for PNBs was the femoral nerve (51%) in cohort 1 and the saphenous nerve (51%) in cohort 2 (P<0.01). Conclusions: The incidence of PNB-related complications after pediatric knee surgery decreased significantly after institutional changes in the regulation of PNB use. This decrease may be explained by shifts toward more experienced providers administering PNBs and preference for more distal anatomic sites, suggesting ways other institutions may lower their PNB complication rates. Level of Evidence: Level III—retrospective prognostic study.