Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Combined measurements of Subglacial Water Pressure and Surface Velocity of Findelengletscher, Switzerland: Conclusions about Drainage System and Sliding Mechanism

Abstract During the snow-melt season of 1982, basal water pressure was recorded in 11 bore holes communicating with the subglacial drainage system. In most of these holes the water levels were at approximately the same depth (around 70 m below surface). The large variations of water pressure, such as diurnal variations, were usually similar at different locations and in phase. In two instances of exceptionally high water pressure, however, systematic phase shifts were observed; a wave of high pressure travelled down-glacier with a velocity of approximately 100 m/h. The glacier-surface velocity was measured at four lines of stakes several times daily. The velocity variations correlated with variations in subglacial water pressure. The functional relationship of water pressure and velocity suggests that fluctuating bed separation was responsible for the velocity variations. The empirical functional relationship is compared to that of sliding over a perfectly lubricated sinusoidal bed. On the basis of the measured velocity-pressure relationship, this model predicts a reasonable value of bed roughness but too high a sliding velocity and unstable sliding at too low a water pressure. The main reason for this disagreement is probably the neglect of friction from debris in the sliding model. The measured water pressure was considerably higher than that predicted by the theory of steady flow through straight cylindrical channels near the glacier bed. Possible reasons are considered. The very large disagreement between measured and predicted pressure suggests that no straight cylindrical channels may have existed.
Experimental Investigation on Axial Ultrasonic Vibration Assisted Milling of Cr12MoV

The conventional milling process is difficult due to the high strength and hardness of Cr12MoV, which can cause the rapid tool wear, premature failure,and poor milling quality of work platform. The ultrasonic vibration machining technology has been founded to be effective in the milling process of hard-to-cut materials like die tool steel and nickel alloys. The ultrasonic vibration assisted milling (UVM) technology is carried out the axial milling of Cr12MoV in this paper, and the average impact force Fi is influenced by the vibration amplitude A, the vibration frequency f, and equivalent mass of the vibrating part M. The mean value of cutting force Fx, Fy, and Fz decreases by 25%, 15.04%, and 17.46%, respectively. With the increase of vibration amplitudes, the value of surface roughness firstly decrease and then increase, and it is obviously lower than conventional milling. The experimental results demonstrated that the UVM technology is a feasible method for the low cutting force and high quality process of cutting Cr12MoV.
SOURCES AND FATE OF ATMOSPHERIC NUTRIENTS OVER THE REMOTE OCEANS AND THEIR ROLE ON CONTROLLING MARINE DIAZOTROPHIC MICROORGANISMS

Title of Dissertation: SOURCES AND FATE OF ATMOSPHERIC NUTRIENTS OVER THE REMOTE OCEANS AND THEIR ROLE ON CONTROLLING MARINE DIAZOTROPHIC MICROORGANISMS Ying Chen, Doctor of Philosophy, 2004 Dissertation Directed By: Assistant Professor Ronald L. Siefert University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science – Chesapeake Biological Laboratory Atmospheric deposition can be a major source of nutrients to the remote ocean where these nutrient species can play a critical role in major biogeochemical cycles (e.g. carbon). Atmospheric input of Fe controls phytoplankton growth in high nitrate low chlorophyll regions. Fe can also be a rate-limiting nutrient to diazotrophic microorganisms and control the N2 fixation in the oligotrophic ocean. Due to low solubility of aerosol Fe in the seawater only a small fraction of atmospheric input of Fe may be bioavailable. This dissertation developed an aqueous sequential extraction procedure to measure the labile Fe species in aerosols. The measured labile Fe species were compared to the photo-reducible Fe under the ambient sunlight and to the bioavailable forms of aerosol Fe to a diazotrophic microorganism. The diazotroph showed a large capacity of luxury uptake of aerosol Fe, and the uptake amount was less than the total labile Fe measured in aerosols. Labile and total aerosol Fe was found to be highly variable in time and space over the North Atlantic and North Pacific oceans. The labile aerosol Fe was mostly associated with mineral dust transported from North Africa or Asia, although it can also be associated with anthropogenic sources and atmospheric processing. Major nutrients (soluble PO4, NO3 and NH4) in aerosols were also found to be temporally variable over these two oceanic regions. Mineral dust transported from North Africa or Asia was a major source for soluble PO4 only during a certain season. Soluble PO4 in aerosols was sometimes strongly associated with anthropogenic tracers. Anthropogenic activities were major sources for both aerosol NO3 and NH4. It was also found that marine biogenic source of NH3 could be significant during the spring and summer over the remote oceans. Ratios between the atmospheric inputs of labile Fe, N and P also varied seasonally, which may result in a various nutrient limitation to the water column. The residence time of dissolved Fe in the upper Pacific was estimated longer than those in the Atlantic and the Indian oceans. SOURCES AND FATE OF ATMOSPHERIC NUTRIENTS OVER THE REMOTE OCEANS AND THEIR ROLE ON CONTROLLING MARINE DIAZOTROPHIC MICROORGANISMS
A Fluorescent and Magnetic Hybrid Tracer for Improved Sentinel Lymphadenectomy in Prostate Cancer Patients

In prostate cancer, sentinel lymph node dissection (sLND) offers a personalized procedure with staging ability which is at least equivalent to extended LND while inducing lower morbidity. A bimodal fluorescent–radioactive approach was introduced to improve sentinel LN (SLN) detection. We present the first in-human case series on exploring the use of a fluorescent–magnetic hybrid tracer in a radiation-free sLND procedure. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and indocyanine green were administered simultaneously in five prostate cancer patients scheduled for extended LND, sLND and radical prostatectomy. In situ and ex vivo fluorescence and magnetic signals were documented for each LN sample detected via a laparoscopic fluorescence imaging and magnetometer system. Fluorescence and magnetic activity could be detected in all patients. Overall, 19 lymph node spots could be detected in situ, 14 of which were fluorescently active and 18 of which were magnetically active. In two patients, no fluorescent LNs could be detected in situ. The separation of the LN samples resulted in a total number of 30 SLNs resected. Ex vivo measurements confirmed fluorescence in all but two magnetically active SLNs. One LN detected in situ with both modalities was subsequently shown to contain a metastasis. This study provides the first promising results of a bimodal, radiation-free sLND, combining the advantages of both the magnetic and fluorescence approaches.
Small‐scale polygonal features on Mars: Seasonal thermal contraction cracks in permafrost

A time-dependent viscoelastic model of thermal stress in Martian ice-rich permafrost is developed to test the hypothesis that small-scale polygonal features observed from orbit and by the Viking Lander 2 are the result of thermal contraction cracking, as commonly occurs in terrestrial permafrost. Results indicate that significant tensile stress occurs in Martian ice-rich permafrost as a result of seasonal cycles in the ground temperature. Using conservative rheological parameters appropriate for ice at low temperatures, tensile stresses poleward of about 20° to 30° latitude easily exceed the tensile strength (assumed to be 2 to 3 MPa) and fractures should readily form. In the equatorial regions, special conditions may allow tensile stresses to approach the tensile strength. These results support a thermal contraction origin of observed small-scale polygonal features and emphasize the utility of these features as valuable morphological indicators of ground ice.
First geometrical path length probability density function derivation of the skylight from high-resolution oxygen A-band spectroscopy: 2. Derivation of the Lévy index for the skylight transmitted by midlatitude clouds

For the first time Levy indices (γ) of the solar light transmitted by cloudy skies at mid latitude (50°N, 8.2°E) are reported. The Levy index describes the dependence of the mean geometrical paths ( ) of photons transmitted from cloudy skies as a function of the vertical cloud extension (Hc) expressed by the scaling law ∼ Hcγ. For a set of 33 individual cloudy sky measurements, reported cloud types and heights, Levy indices are deduced. It is found that the inferred Levy indices cluster into the range of 1 ≤ γ ≤ 2 for “all sky” observations, and into a range 1.5 ≤ γ ≤ 2 for optically very thick clouds. The observations provide evidence that the cloudy sky geometrical path lengths are Levy distributed with the γ value depending on the cloud morphology (the shape of individual clouds and the spatial arrangement of the clouds) but also on the internal cloud inhomogeneities. Because of a particular sensitivity of our method to detect the radiative transfer (RT) caused by clouds (rather than by the clear sky parts of the atmosphere), the inferred type of the path statistics is expected to reflect mostly the path length distribution caused by cloud inhomogeneities rather than by the cloud morphology. Since the cloud inhomogeneities are caused by dynamic processes (besides other factors), the RT transfer is expected to be closely connected to atmospheric dynamics. From this it is concluded that the absorption of solar radiation in cloudy skies is connected to the dynamic state (whether it is stratified or convective) of the cloud cover. In particular, it is expected to be different (mostly larger) than calculated by naively assuming homogeneous horizontally infinite cloud covers in conventional non statistical RT models.
Spoiled for choice! Which sites shall we visit: destination choice of heritage attractions in New Zealand's Bay of Islands

ix CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 10 CHAPTER 3: BACKGROUND 40 CHAPTER 4: METHODOLOGY 62 CHAPTER 5: FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS 87 CHAPTER 6: DISCUSSION 135 CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSION 175 References 186
Antihyperlipidemic Activity of Phormidium Tenue on High Cholesterol Diet Induced Hyperlipidemia in Wistar Albino Rats

This study investigated antihyperlipidemic activity of Phormidium tenue on high cholesterol diet induced hyperlipidemia in Wistar albino rats. The ethanolic extract of P. tenue was given at the dose of 1 g/kg to the group of animals once in a day along with the high cholesterol diet orally, for 25 days. There was a significant increase in body weight of high cholesterol diet rats, compared to normal rats. However, there was no change in the body weight of test groups treated with P. tenue. The treatment also significantly reduced the levels of serum cholesterol, Triglyceride (TG), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and Very Low-Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) and increased the level of High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) in hyperlipidemic rats nearer to standard drug. Histopathological studies revealed that the coronary artery wall appeared normal, with no foam cells, no disturbance in the endothelial cell and no change in the muscle fibers in the control group or standard drug treated group. The coronary artery wall of the algal treated rats was similar to that of the normal rats. Our study suggests that P. tenue has the potential protective role for coronary heart disease, and hence further clinical trials are required to explore natural biomolecules towards developing drug.
The Lapita Peoples: Ancestors of the Oceanic World

Plates. Figures. Maps. Tables. Preface. Acknowledgments. 1. Introduction. 2. Old Melanesia. 3. The Lapita Dispersal. 4. Lapita in Linguistics and Biological Perspective. 5. Lapita Pottery and the "Community of Culture". 6. Between Land and Sea: Houses, Settlements, and Society. 7. Lapita Economy and the Ecology of Islands. 8. Systems of Exchange. 9. Epilogue: The Lapita Legacy. Appendix: Gazetteer of Major Lapital Sites. Notes. References. Index.
Memory-Based Language Processing 

A magnetic recording medium which comprises a base material and a magnetic layer provided thereon. The magnetic layer comprises magnetic particles, a cellulose resin and a polyurethane resin as the binders and alpha -Fe2O3 particles, whereby the dispersibility of the magnetic particles in the magnetic layer is enhanced without deterioration of the durability of the magnetic layer.
OsMDH12: A Peroxisomal Malate Dehydrogenase Regulating Tiller Number and Salt Tolerance in Rice

Salinity is an important environmental factor influencing crop growth and yield. Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) catalyses the reversible conversion of oxaloacetate (OAA) to malate. While many MDHs have been identified in various plants, the biochemical function of MDH in rice remains uncharacterised, and its role in growth and salt stress response is largely unexplored. In this study, the biochemical function of OsMDH12 was determined, revealing its involvement in regulating tiller number and salt tolerance in rice. OsMDH12 localises in the peroxisome and is expressed across various organs. In vitro analysis confirmed that OsMDH12 converts OAA to malate. Seedlings of OsMDH12-overexpressing (OE) plants had shorter shoot lengths and lower fresh weights than wild-type (WT) plants, while osmdh12 mutants displayed the opposite. At maturity, OsMDH12-OE plants had fewer tillers than WT, whereas osmdh12 mutants had more, suggesting OsMDH12’s role in tiller number regulation. Moreover, OsMDH12-OE plants were sensitive to salt stress, but osmdh12 mutants showed enhanced salt tolerance. The Na+/K+ content ratio increased in OsMDH12-OE plants and decreased in osmdh12 mutants, suggesting that OsMDH12 might negatively affect salt tolerance through influencing the Na+/K+ balance. These findings hint at OsMDH12’s potential as a genetic tool to enhance rice growth and salt tolerance.
Textile Wastewater Treatment Using Membrane Bioreactor: Opportunities and
 Challenges in Bangladesh

Due to its inherent benefits over traditional biological treatment, membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology has been increasingly used for the treatment of industrial wastewater. It is a viable solution for the treatment of textile wastewater. MBR treatment of textile wastewater has been examined as a dependable method for the removal of a considerable number of pollutants. The limited adoption of MBR technology in the Bangladeshi textile sector is a result of its high operating and maintenance costs. In this work, the use of aerobic, anaerobic, and hybrid membrane bioreactors (MBR) for textile wastewater treatment, as well as prior research, potential, and problems of MBR processes in Bangladesh, are discussed in terms of textile wastewater treatment. Future research should concentrate on developing new, low-cost membrane materials that are less prone to fouling and need less energy to operate.
Livestock's long shadow: environmental issues and options.

Presentation de l'editeur : This report aims to assess the full impact of the livestock sector on environmental problems, along with potential technical and policy approaches to mitigation. The assessment takes into account direct impacts, along with the impacts of feed crop agriculture required for livestock production. The livestock sector emerges as one of the top two or three most significant contributors to the most serious environmental problems, at every scale from local to global. The findings of this report suggest that it should be a major policy focus when dealing with problems of land degradation, climate change and air pollution, water shortage and water pollution, and loss of biodiversity. Livestock's contribution to environmental problems is on a massive scale and its potential contribution to their solution is equally large. The impact is so significant that it needs to be addressed with urgency. Major reductions in impact could be achieved at reasonable cost
The Eldfell Eruption, Heimaey, Iceland: A 25-Year Retrospective

The Eldfell eruption commenced on 23 January 1973 as a 1.5 km fissure crossing the island of Heimaey. Many houses close to the main vent were destroyed by pyroclasts before a flank collapse of the volcano in February allowed lava to move into the town. The Icelanders responded by spraying seawater on the lava, finally stopping the advance less than 100 m from the port quay sides. During the eruption period, which lasted until early June, more than 400 establishments were destroyed by tephra fall and lava. The residents of Vestmannaeyjar (~5300 persons at the start of the eruption) were safely evacuated by trawlers and an airlift. Today (1999) the town has approximately 4800 inhabitants, and a thriving post-eruption economy. Resume La premiere manifestation de l'eruptiondu volcan Eldfell a ete l'apparition d'une fissure de 1,5 km de longueur en travers de l'ile de Heimaey. De nombreuses maisons situees a proximite du principal event ont ete detruites par des projections de pyroclastes avant que l'effondrement d'un flanc du volcan en fevrier ne permette a la lave d'envahir la ville. En arrosant le front de laves avec de l'eau de mer, les Islandais ont reussi a stopper la poussee de lave a moins de 100 m des quais. Durant la periode d'eruption qui adure jusqu'en juin 1973, plus de 400 bâtiments ont ete detruits par des laves et des projections volcaniques. Les residents de Vestmannaeyjar (environ 5 300 personnes au debut de l'eruption) ont ete evacues par chalutiers et par pont aerien. Aujourd'hui (1999), la ville compte 4 800 habitants et son economie est florissante.
Identification of miR-128 Target mRNAs That Are Expressed in B Cells Using a Modified Dual Luciferase Vector

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 21–25 nucleotide long non-coding ribonucleic acids that modulate gene expression by degrading transcripts or inhibiting translation. The miRNA miR-128, originally thought to be brain-specific, was later also found in immune cells. To identify a valuable immune cell model system to modulate endogenous miR-128 amounts and to validate predicted miR-128 target mRNAs in B cells, we first investigated miR-128 expression using Northern blot analysis in several cell lines representing different stages of B cell development. The results showed that only primary brain cells showed significant levels of mature miR-128. To study the function of miR-128 in immune cells, we modified dual luciferase vectors to allow easy transfer of 3′ UTR fragments with predicted miR-128 binding sites from widely used single to dual luciferase vectors. Comparison of in silico predicted miR-128-regulated mRNAs in single and dual luciferase constructs yielded similar results, validating the dual luciferase vector for miRNA target analysis. Furthermore, we confirmed miR-128-regulated mRNAs identified in silico and in vivo using the Ago HITS-CLIP technique and known to be expressed in B cells using the dual luciferase assay. In conclusion, this study provides new insights into the expression and function of miR-128 by validating novel target mRNAs expressed in B cells and identifying additional pathways likely controlled by this miRNA in the immune system.
A DNA Based Image Data Hiding Using 3D Logistic Chaotic Map

Since steganography and cryptography are information security concerns, they gain wide importance in the researcher's studies. DNA based steganography is based on exploiting DNA nucleotides as confidential information carriers which enhance the data hiding process massively. A special kind of hiding mechanism is adopted in this work by using the DNA sequences that depend on iterating a 3D logistic chaotic map to generate three pseudo-random sequences. The proposed approach encodes the plain message bits together with two of the random keys into DNA sequences. It ensures extra DNA encryption, by carrying out some DNA sequence operations. Besides, it creates a fake sequence by embedding the generated sequence into another public reference sequence. The fake sequence is then hidden back into the cover image to achieve a double layer of data hiding. Experiments verifies that our approach satisfies the robustness of data hiding under reasonable average embedding capacity of 0.83 ,blindness, zero-payload, low modification rate of 5.16% (on average), zero-expansion rate, and high probability cracking.it is also considered as a double layer of security , dual hiding , not pure data hiding system, with adequate visual imperceptibility.
Filter-type Protection Device Retrieval Interfered by Deployed Stent during Subclavian Artery Stenosis Treatment: Case Report and Complication Avoidance Recommendation

Endovascular treatment is a standard procedure for subclavian artery stenosis or obstruction. However, great care should be taken to avoid embolic complications to the vertebral artery, and several methods have previously been reported. Hence, as surgical procedures become increasingly complicated, unintended issues may arise during treatment. Here, the authors report a case where the filter-type protection device was caught in the stent because the patient moved during treatment, leading to open surgery to recover the filter-type protection device． A 78-year-old female suffering from a left subclavian steal syndrome underwent stenting due to subclavian artery stenosis. The stenotic lesion was approached via the transfemoral route, and a filter-type protection device was advanced to the vertebral artery via the transbrachial route to prevent embolic complications. As the procedure was performed under local anesthesia, the patient moved during stent deployment proximally to the left vertebral artery origin, and the stent unintentionally advanced distally, covering the vertebral artery and obstructing the retrieval catheter for the filter-type protection device to advance. Failed attempts in recovering the filter-type protection device required open surgery for retrieval. Fortunately, there was no postoperative neurological and radiographic complication, ameliorating her chief complaint． The retriever catheter for the protection device should be advanced beyond the vertebral artery orifice just proximal to the protection device before stenting to avoid such complications while also thoroughly considering the type of anesthesia during treatment．
Critical experiences with sport and wellness technology digital coach – differences between young adults and young elderly

Both young adults and young elderly people have been found to be at a high risk of disengagement with physical activity. This makes both groups important targets for health and exercise promotion. Since sport and wellness technology has become popular among regular exercisers, it is worth studying how personal wellness devices could help both target groups in becoming more physically active. This study explores critical experiences during the implementation phase of a sport and wellness technology digital coach among young adults and young elderly. This qualitative study is based on a thematic analysis of 60 participants ’ interviews conducted with the critical incident technique. The study reveals the experiences the users consider crucial during the initial phases of usage of sport and wellness technology digital coaching devices. The results show that positive critical incidents among young adults and young elderly are similar when learning about personal health and exercising. However, the role of supportive communication seems to be more important with the young elderly people. Functionality and usability issues play a big role in negative critical incidents. The ﬁ ndings highlight the importance of these critical experiences to the overall usage experience and their in ﬂ uence on users ’ motivation to improve their ﬁ tness.