Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Demographic Profile of Covid-19 Infected Pregnant Women admitted in Obstetric Ward

Aims: To evaluate the severity of the infection among pregnant women in an urban area of Nepal during the first surge in COVID-19 cases in Nepal in the year 2020. Methods: This is a retrospective and descriptive study carried out at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Kathmandu Medical College, Kathmandu, Nepal, from August 2020 to January 2021. All the Covid infected pregnant women admitted in Obstetric ward for various presenting symptoms were included. Results: Among 52 Covid-19 positive pregnant women admitted for various obstetrical and medical complaints, 90.38% were asymptomatic at the time of admission. Those who were symptomatic (9.61%) had mild form of infection. Majority of infected women were admitted in the month of October and November with most common presentation being women in labour (48.07 %). Conclusions: Pregnant women with SARS Covid-19 infection has no greater threat to their health.
A Model for Ideal and Non-Ideal Behavior of Quantum Circuits

1 PROBLEM AND MOTIVATION Since the 1980s, researchers have entertained using the bizarre properties of quantum mechanics to develop powerful algorithms for problems in computer science. Ever since the first quantum computer was built, rapid advances in the field have opened up new realms of possibilities for the different applications of quantum computing. Although still in its infancy, the near future Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices will be able to run algorithms that beat classical computing [6]. The implications of such a feat resound in various fields including cryptography, biotechnology, finance, and many more. The inherent nature of NISQ devices means that they will be noisy. To advance towards a future of quantum computing, it is imperative that these machines exhibit fault tolerance and error correction, akin to their classical computing counterparts. This means complete isolation from the external environment, as well as well defined interactions between qubits. In order to achieve this state, researchers rely on simulation models to incorporate noisy events into quantum circuits. By studying such interactions, researchers can work on incorporating error correcting codes into quantum systems. Furthermore, with an expanding number of qubits, the likelihood of error events rises, bringing upon a limitation to the capacity of NISQ devices. This limitation makes it ever more important to have excellent simulation models. Current popular simulation frameworks include IBM Qiskit [8] and Google Cirq [2], both of which have extensive capabilities such as simulation and the ability to run circuits on a real quantum computer. However, these simulation tools focus primarily on noise-free, ideal circuits. These circuits do not accurately model the observations of real quantum computers where noise events are present. Furthermore, there exist varying different languages to run different simulations between ideal circuits and noisy circuits. These varying languages for the diverse layers of quantum representations require different rules on composition and operation. Such tools for representation include state vectors, density matrices, and Kraus operators. This leads to many challenges for researchers looking to simulate both simple and complex noisy circuits in an efficient and unified model. We propose a unified language model to accurately simulate ideal and noisy circuits in all degrees of complexity, through the use of complexvalued probabilistic graphical models (PGMs). PGMs prove to be a highly effective mechanism for encoding quantum information, facilitating the depiction of correlations between quantum states, and ensuring the precise retention of state information, even amidst probabilistic noisy events. Furthermore, PGMs can unify the language of quantum operations and noise models through a single algorithm variable elimination. We validate our results through the use of a python PGM library pgmpy [1], and compare results with proven derivations.
Relativism, self-determination and human rights

Efforts to establish and enforce universal human rights have often been resisted by advocates of some form of relativism. The "Asian values" argument, for example, poses a relativist challenge to any international human rights agenda that includes individual liberties and democratic institutions (see Bauer and Bell 1999). Such challenges have led many to see current controversies about human rights as rooted in a fundamental conflict between moral relativism and moral universalism. The aim of this essay is to suggest a particular resolution of this conflict, one that does not sacrifice either the universality of fundamental human rights or the respect for and tolerance of diversity sought by those who advocate relativism. It sees respect for national self-determination as interacting with respect for universal human rights to produce a doctrine of accommodation. In the final section we apply our position to the human right to democratic institutions (International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1996, Article 25). Developments in the field of human rights since the end of the Cold War suggest that the idea of a relativist challenge to human rights is now out of date. As Anne Bayefsky writes, "Every UN member state is a party to one or more of the six major human rights treaties. 80% of states have ratified four or more" (Bayefsky 2001: xiii). Further, all countries now use similar political institutions (e.g., bureaucratic government, law, courts, police, prisons, taxation, public schools, military forces) and these institutions carry with them similar problems and abuses (Donnelly 1999). Beyond this, the banner of cultural relativism is often carried by states with extremely bad human rights records and this gives the idea itself a bad odor (Bayefsky 1996). We suggest, however, that these developments have changed the nature of the relativist challenge without making it obsolete. If the challenge was once, "Is the very idea of universal human rights plausible in light of cultural and political diversity? ", perhaps it is now changed to "In spite of their amazing successes in finding acceptance around the world, do lists of human rights still need to be understood and interpreted in ways that allow governments to accommodate local self-understandings, traditions, problems, and financial and institutional resources? "
Mood switch in bipolar depression: comparison of adjunctive venlafaxine, bupropion and sertraline

Background Few studies have examined the relative risks of switching into hypomania or mania associated with second-generation antidepressant drugs in bipolar depression. Aims To examine the relative acute effects of bupropion, sertraline and venlafaxine as adjuncts to mood stabilisers. Method In a 10-week trial, participants receiving out-patient treatment for bipolar disorder (stratified for rapid cycling) were randomly treated with a flexible dose of one of the antidepressants, or their respective matching placebos, as adjuncts to mood stabilisers. Results A total of 174 adults with bipolar disorder I, II or not otherwise specified, currently in the depressed phase, were included. All three antidepressants were associated with a similar range of acute response (49–53%) and remission (34–41%). There was a significantly increased risk of switches into hypomania or mania in participants treated with venlafaxine compared with bupropion or sertraline. Conclusions More caution appears indicated in the use of venlafaxine rather than bupropion or sertraline in the adjunctive treatment of bipolar depression, especially if there is a prior history of rapid cycling.
Molecular Markers in Gastrointestinal Cancer: Targeted Therapy and Tailored Chemotherapy

Molecular profiling allows us to better understand the regulatory pathways which drive tumor development, differentiation and growth. Recently, major players in these pathways have been identified as potential targets for anticancer therapy, including monoclonal antibodies against EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) and VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) or small molecules against tyrosine kinases, proteasome or cell-cycle dependent kinases. In this issue of ONKOLOGIE, Sutter et al. [1] are describing in detail these novel targets in critical pathways and the potential clinical implications for the treatment of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. Cytotoxic therapy has shown only very modest efficacy but in some cases significant toxicity. Identification of novel targets in GI cancer will be critical for the development of more successful and less toxic treatment strategies. Molecular profiling is also critical to test for presence of the target in the tumor, and to validate whether the target is inhibited and functionally significant. In the future, molecular technologies will become an essential part of successful drug development in patients with GI cancers. Molecular signatures will help to select patients who will more likely benefit from chemotherapy and allow a better monitoring of efficacy of chemotherapy. We will be able to evaluate efficacy of chemotherapy within a couple of days and not weeks or months by measuring surrogate markers such as tumor DNA in serum or inhibition of the target in buccal mucosa. The goal in administering chemotherapeutics is to develop the ability to predict the outcome of therapy in terms of response and toxicity. Technologies have been developed to allow tumor profiling with measurements of protein expression, gene expression levels and germline polymorphisms of genes involved in the pathways of the target as well as the metabolic pathways of drugs that may predict response and toxicity to particular chemotherapeutics. The chemotherapeutics for which particular markers have been shown to predict outcome include the fluoropyrimidines and platinum compounds [2‐4]. However, ongoing prospective clinical trials will be critical to
Prostate Disease Risk Factors among a New Zealand Cohort

Background: Prostate cancer is a leading public health burden worldwide, and in New Zealand it is the most commonly registered cancer and the third leading cause of cancer deaths among males. Genetic variability and its associations with diet, demographic and lifestyle factors could influence the risk of this disease. Methods: The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within a group of antioxidant genes and related markers were tested between patient and control cohorts, adjusted for significant differences between basic lifestyle and demographic characteristics. Results: Increasing age, smoking and low serum selenium levels were significantly associated with an increased risk for prostate disease. Alcohol consumption increased the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. A significant reduction in alcohol consumption was recorded with prostate disease. Three SNPs, namely GPx1 rs1050450, SEL15 rs5845 and CAT rs1001179, were significantly associated with prostate disease risk. A cumulative risk of prostate cancer was noted with 6 risk alleles. A lower GPx activity was recorded with prostate disease compared to the controls. However, the GPx1 rs1050450 allele T in association with prostate cancer recorded a significantly higher GPx activity compared to the controls. Conclusions: These data point to a possibility of identifying individuals at risk of prostate cancer for better management purposes.
Awareness about stroke among high and low risk individuals in Khartoum, Sudan: a cross-sectional study

Introduction stroke causes 10.17% of all deaths in Sudan. Levels of stroke awareness amongst patients in Sudan are unknown. The aim of this study is to assess the level of awareness of stroke risk factors, symptoms and immediate management amongst high and low risk patients. Methods using descriptive cross-sectional study, participants of high and low risk groups were recruited from the referral clinics of three tertiary hospitals in Khartoum. Data was collected through interviews using structured questionnaire. Knowledge score was devised to assess the awareness about stroke symptoms, risk factors, and management. Results of the 286 participants, 150 were females. The mean age was 44.66 years. About 79.4% reported that stroke is preventable. Hypertension was the most identified risk factor (71.6%) while genetics (0.2%) and alcohol (0.2%) were the least identified risk factors. Twenty-seven percent (27.6%) did not know any stroke risk factors, while 32.9% did not know any warning symptoms. Paralysis of one side of the body was the most identified warning symptom (30.7%). The mean awareness score was 21.9 ± 3.4 among the high risk group vs. 22.1 ± 3.6 among the low risk group with no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p = .717). The mean awareness score was statistically associated with the level of education (p < 0.001). Conclusion the awareness level was relatively low and not statistically different between high and low risk groups. We recommend the development of an effective educational program for the whole community.
A Robust Approach of Detecting Sewer Cracks by Using Pixel Aggregation Network

In modern municipalities and infrastructure designing, the underground sewerage system is one of the most predominant parts to be cared about. It’s understood that, as the time passes and continuously usage of sewer pipes, the sewerage system susceptible to gradual deterioration which purely depends upon the degree of usage and location factors such as the passage of heavy traffic nearby or deep-rooted trees. Hence, this threat is having a huge probability to cause a massive financial and environmental disaster if it doesn’t monitor and detect. In order to do so and avoid the dreadful consequences, there is a substantial need for early detection and regular monitoring of these defects. To perform this task, CCTV inspection could be considered as an efficacious way of monitoring malfunction pipes. But, due to the extensive spreads of these pipes across several miles, so does the huge time consumption and tiring process makes the continuous inspection cumbersome and impotent. To overcome the limitations, make the process more systematic, and locate the defective places, we utilized the deep learning based technique. The strategy is based on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), namely Pixel Aggregation Network (PAN) which mainly works on input data, properly labeled with deformable bounding boxes to train the model which further detects the arbitrary-shaped defects. Besides, in order to make it computationally effective, the segmentation head is utilized in PAN which optimizes the feature extraction along with keeping the computational cost at rock-bottom simultaneously. The data is comprising of 3150 images having distinctive crack samples along with 700 images for validation and testing. To validate the proposed method, the multiple metrics including Precision × Recall curve and Average Precision (AP) are exploited which gives the AP value of 79.71%. The qualitative, as well as quantities outcomes, show that the proposed method locates the malfunction area with high efficiency and accuracy.
Komlós–Major–Tusnády approximation under dependence

The celebrated results of Koml\'os, Major and Tusn\'ady [Z. Wahrsch. Verw. Gebiete 32 (1975) 111-131; Z. Wahrsch. Verw. Gebiete 34 (1976) 33-58] give optimal Wiener approximation for the partial sums of i.i. d. random variables and provide a powerful tool in probability and statistics. In this paper we extend KMT approximation for a large class of dependent stationary processes, solving a long standing open problem in probability theory. Under the framework of stationary causal processes and functional dependence measures of Wu [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102 (2005) 14150-14154], we show that, under natural moment conditions, the partial sum processes can be approximated by Wiener process with an optimal rate. Our dependence conditions are mild and easily verifiable. The results are applied to ergodic sums, as well as to nonlinear time series and Volterra processes, an important class of nonlinear processes.
A vision-based autonomous aerial spray system for precision agriculture

In the past several years, UAV has been extensively used in agriculture. However, the efficiency is still not as high as desired and the phenomenon of pesticide pollution is still existing. This is mainly because of the following two problems: 1) the autonomy of most existing UAV system is still very limited. Actually, most of them are still operated through remote-controlling. 2) the UAV's operating precision is not high enough due to the low accuracy flight control near the plants. Therefore, in 2016, the Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC) has announced a UAV competition, called International Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Innovation Grand Prix (UAVGP), to promote the technique progress of agriculture oriented UAVs. This competition mainly focuses on a typical high precise spraying mission, and in order to present the autonomy, all involved UAVs are required to operate autonomously without any human intervention. Our UAV system finally won the championship of this competition. In this paper, we present the whole system design firstly; after that, the core algorithm of task-scheduling and vision for identification and localization are given; Finally, the results of experiments and competition are introduced and analyzed in detail to show the efficiency and precision of the whole system.
Observational Equivalence for Behavioural Diﬀerential Equations

Recently, Abel and others [2] have proposed a type system, we denote it by F cop μ here, in which coinductive types are programmed by means of observations. In a follow-up paper, Abel and Pientka [1] extended F cop μ with, amongst other things, dependent types to F cop ω , and showed how to check termination and productivity of programs in a modular way. Both systems allow mutually recursive terms, which we interpret as Behavioural Differential Equations (BDE) [6]. A natural question is whether two such BDEs give rise to the same behaviour. This question is related to differences between intensional and extensional Type Theory [3]. For example, we can define types representing natural numbers and streams by Nat := μX. (1 + X) and StrA := νX. (A ×X), respectively. On these types, we can define the stream over Nat that is constantly 1 in several ways, two of which are shown below.
Bone Morphogenetic Protein (RhBMP-2) as a Substitute for Iliac Crest Bone Graft in Multilevel Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery: Minimum Two-Year Evaluation of Fusion

Study Design. Prospective, single center, nonblinded radiographic analysis of anterior and posterior adult spinal deformity fusions performed with bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP-2). Objective. To determine the ability of rhBMP-2 to achieve multilevel spinal fusion in the deformity patient. Summary of Background Data. No previous study has evaluated rhBMP-2 for multilevel adult spinal deformity fusion with 2-year results. We postulated fusion could be achieved without distant autogenous graft harvest. Methods. Prospective analysis was performed for 98 patients (308 levels; mean age, 51.4 years) who underwent multilevel anterior or posterior spinal fusion (PSF) with minimum 2-year follow-up (average, 2.6 years). Group 1 (10 mg/level) contained 47 patients (109 levels; 2.33 levels/patient) who underwent anterior spinal fusion (ASF): BMP on an absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) with a titanium mesh cage. Group 2 (20 mg/level) included 43 patients (156 levels; 3.63 levels/patient) with PSF: BMP on an ACS with local bone graft (LBG) and bulking agent [tricalcium phosphate/hydroxyapatite (TCP-HA)]. Group 3 (40 mg/level) contained 8 patients (43 levels; 5.38 levels/patient) with PSF: rhBMP-2 and TCP-HA with no autologous bone. Confounding negative factors were present in the study population: medical comorbidities (26%), tobacco use (17%), revision surgery (34%), previous laminectomy (51%), and preoperative pseudarthrosis (27%). Postoperative films (AP, lateral, oblique) were evaluated by independent observers. Average fusion grade was based on a published scale. Results. Overall fusion rate was 95%. (group 1 91%, group 2 97%, group 3 100%). No confounding factor demonstrated a detrimental statistical significance to fusion. Conclusion. In multilevel ASF, BMP (10 mg/level) generates fusion without autogenous bone. In multilevel PSF, BMP (20 mg/level) with LBG and TCP-HA produced fusion. BMP (40 mg/level) and TCP-HA without LBG achieved fusion. In multilevel spinal fusion, rhBMP-2 eliminated the necessity for iliac crest bone graft and yielded an excellent fusion rate.
Grade Prediction with Temporal Course-wise Influence

There is a critical need to develop new educational technology applications that analyze the data collected by universities to ensure that students graduate in a timely fashion (4 to 6 years); and they are well prepared for jobs in their respective fields of study. In this paper, we present a novel approach for analyzing historical educational records from a large, public university to perform next-term grade prediction; i.e., to estimate the grades that a student will get in a course that he/she will enroll in the next term. Accurate next-term grade prediction holds the promise for better student degree planning, personalized advising and automated interventions to ensure that students stay on track in their chosen degree program and graduate on time. We present a factorization-based approach called Matrix Factorization with Temporal Course-wise Influence that incorporates course-wise influence effects and temporal effects for grade prediction. In this model, students and courses are represented in a latent "knowledge" space. The grade of a student on a course is modeled as the similarity of their latent representation in the "knowledge" space. Course-wise influence is considered as an additional factor in the grade prediction. Our experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms several baseline approaches and infer meaningful patterns between pairs of courses within academic programs.
Additive manufacturing for Aerospace

Additive Manufacturing aka 3D printing opens up a whole new era for digital design and manufacturing. No longer is the aerospace engineering designer constrained by the ability to manufacture a component. The new philosophy is “if you can design it, we can produce it”. Yet there is a laundry list of caveats with the current state of the technology especially as it applies to aerospace applications and in particular, launch vehicles. Use of polymer based materials has caught hold in production tooling, yet use of polymers and metals for actual flight applications faces challenges until the technology catches up with the specific needs of the Aerospace industry. Launch vehicle applications may prove to be the bounding arena for aerospace applications. Consider the need for perfection in quality, temperature extremes from cryogenic commodities to rocket engine exhaust, shock and vibration conditions, and the grand size. However, given the variety of exquisite designs and low volume, aerospace applications are well suited for Additive Manufacturing. The challenges of today are already being solved and incorporated into the technology of tomorrow. It is simply a matter of time before AM finds not only a foot hold in aerospace but becomes the manufacturing tool of choice.