Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gauge/ Gravity Correspondence, Bulk Locality and Quantum Black Holes

Gauge/ Gravity Correspondence, Bulk Locality and Quantum Black Holes by Debajyoti Sarkar Advisor: Daniel N. Kabat, Professor of Physics The aim of this dissertation is threefold. We begin by the study of two parallel ideal cosmic strings in the presence of non-minimal scalar fields and spin-1 gauge fields. We show that the contributions of the non-minimal term on the interaction energy between the strings are similar to that of the gauge field for a particular value of non-minimal coupling parameter. In this context we clarify some of the issues that arise when comparing the renormalization of black hole entropy and entanglement entropy using the replica trick. In the second part of the dissertation we study the process of bound state formation in clusters of Dpbrane collision and Dp shell/ Membrane collapse processes. We consider two mechanisms for bound state formation. The first, operative at weak coupling in the worldvolume gauge theory, is creation of W-bosons. The second, operative at strong coupling, corresponds to formation of a black hole in the dual supergravity. These two processes agree qualitatively at intermediate coupling, in accord with the correspondence principle of Horowitz and Polchinski. We show that the size of the bound state and timescale for formation of a bound state agree at the correspondence point, along with other relevant thermodynamic quantities. The timescale involves matching a parametric resonance in the gauge theory to a quasinormal mode in supergravity. Finally we study construction of local operators in AdS using the generalized AdS/ CFT correspondence. After briefly sketching previous works on this topic which involve massless and massive iv scalar fields, we present similar construction for spin1 and spin2 gauge fields. Working in holographic gauge in the bulk, at leading order in 1/N bulk gauge fields are obtained by smearing boundary currents over a sphere on the complexified boundary, while linearized metric fluctuations are obtained by smearing the boundary stress tensor over a ball. This representation respects AdS covariance up to a compensating gauge transformation. We also consider massive vector fields, where the bulk field is obtained by smearing a non-conserved current. We compute bulk two-point functions and show that bulk locality is respected. We show how to include interactions of massive vectors using 1/N perturbation theory, and we comment on the issue of general backgrounds. We point out some more recent works on interacting scalar and gauge fields and try to answer the question of what should be the CFT properties to have a dual gravitational descriptions on AdS space. We end with some speculations about finite N and when we have black holes in the bulk.
Evaluating the Safety and Quality of Diagnostic Colonoscopies Performed by General Surgeons: A Retrospective Study

Introduction Colonoscopy, which is a challenging procedure and requires adequate time to master the skill, is the procedure of choice to visualize colonic mucosa to rule out many colonic pathologies. There is a dearth of published information from real clinical experiences regarding successful procedures and limitations. The end point of colonoscopy is the visualization of the cecal pole by intubating the cecum. Many Europeans and English health organizations recommend that the procedure should have a completion rate of around or above 90%. Gut preparation is an important determinant for a successful procedure and obviates the need for further invasive and/or expensive procedures such as imaging. The majority of colonoscopies are being performed by gastroenterologists (GI) throughout the world, and the role of a surgeon as an endoscopist is in debate. Before this study, neither a retrospective nor a prospective evaluation of the general surgeon's (GS) endoscopy's quality and safety had been evaluated in our institution. Material and method This retrospective observational study was carried out from 1 January 2022 to 31 August 2022 in the Department of Surgery at Mayo Hospital, Lahore, to evaluate colonoscopy completion rates, reason for failure, and complications in terms of bleeding and perforation. All patients undergoing lower gastrointestinal endoscopy (LGiE), both elective and emergency, were included. Patients under 15 years of age and patients known to be hepatitis B-positive or hepatitis C-positive were excluded from the study. All relevant data were entered into a data sheet. Qualitative variables such as gender, cecal intubation, adjusted cecal intubation, gut preparation, reasons for failed colonoscopy, analgesia use, and complications (bleeding and perforation) were calculated as frequency and percentage. Quantitative data such as age and pain score were reported as mean and standard deviation (SD). Details obtained were tabulated and analyzed via the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 29.0 (IBM SPSS Statistics, Armonk, NY). Results A total of 57 patient data were collected; 35.1% (n=20) were female, and 64.9% (n=37) were males. The cecal intubation rate (CIR) was 49.1% (n=28), and the adjusted rate was 71.9%, excluding incompleteness due to mass obstructing lumen, 8.8% (n=5); planned left colonoscopy, 7% (n=4); sigmoidoscopy, 3.5% (n=2); distal stoma scope, 1.8% (n=1); and colonic stricture, 1.8% (n=1). The prevalent reason for failed colonoscopy was inadequate gut preparation (15.8% {n=9}). Other reasons include patient discomfort, 3.5% (n=2); looping of scope, 7% (n=4); and acute colonic angulation, 1.8% (n=1). No complications were recorded. Conclusion This study shows that colonoscopy can be done by general surgeons safely and effectively with adequate training. High rates of cecal intubation emerge during colonoscopies performed under deep sedation and by skilled colonoscopists. Adequate bowel preparatory regimen is compulsory for quality procedure.
Research progress on the angiogenic-osteogenic coupling signaling molecules of bone tissue engineering

: Angiogenesis and osteogenesis are integral to the process of bone growth, development, and repair and reconstruction. The close spatial and temporal association between osteogenesis and angiogenesis is known as "angiogenesis-osteogenesis coupling". Vascular invasion is a prerequisite for bone formation, and their mutual coupling is a key factor in bone formation. Vessels not only provide nutrients, transport oxygen, growth factors and metabolic wastes to bone tissue, but also regulate the various stages of angiogenesis and bone formation through vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin. With the extensive research on tissue engineering in recent years, the role of signaling molecules related to angiogenesis-osteogenesis coupling in bone tissue engineering has been broadened. In this paper, we intend to review the relevant research results in order to provide ideas for tissue engineering bone vascularization.
Exploring the Use of Natural Language Processing for Objective Assessment of Disorganized Speech in Schizophrenia

Objective Measurement‐based care tools in psychiatry are useful for symptom monitoring and detecting response to treatment, but methods for quick and objective measurement are lacking especially for acute psychosis. The aim of this study was to explore potential language markers, detected by natural language processing (NLP) methods, as a means to objectively measure the severity of psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia in an acute clinical setting. Methods Twenty‐two speech samples were collected from seven participants who were hospitalized for schizophrenia, and their symptoms were evaluated over time with SAPS/SANS and TLC scales. Linguistic features were extracted from the speech data using machine learning techniques. Spearman's correlation was performed to examine the relationship between linguistic features and symptoms. Various machine learning models were evaluated by cross‐validation methods for their ability to predict symptom severity using the linguistic markers. Results Reduced lexical richness and syntactic complexity were characteristic of negative symptoms, while lower content density and more repetitions in speech were predictors of positive symptoms. Machine learning models predicted severity of alogia, illogicality, poverty of speech, social inattentiveness, and TLC scores with up to 82% accuracy. Additionally, speech incoherence was quantifiable through language markers derived from NLP methods. Conclusions These preliminary findings suggest that NLP may be useful in identifying clinically relevant language markers of schizophrenia, which can enhance objectivity in symptom monitoring during hospitalization. Further work is needed to replicate these findings in a larger data set and explore methods for feasible implementation in practice.
Short range correlation length study in a single ZnO nanowire and its impact on phonon confinement

We report the influence of the short range correlation length ζL on the optical properties of a single non-centrosymmetric ZnO nanowire. Confocal Raman scattering and one-dimension phonon confinement model were employed to investigate the phonon and geometric properties of a single ZnO nanowire. The local optical results reveal a red shift in the non-polar E2 high frequency mode and a short range correlation length of ζL = 10(2) nm is obtained due to the enhancement of the zinc diffusion during the ZnO domain nucleating.
The Impact of GGDP on the Global Climate

: Green GDP (GGDP) incorporates environmental and sustainability considerations alongside traditional GDP, thereby fostering policies and initiatives that prioritize the well-being of our planet's ecosystem. This study investigates the global impact of GGDP on climate, population, and other factors by gathering data on GGDP determinants, climate, and population from various countries and developing relevant machine learning models. Subsequently, the study examined sustainable human development and the relationship between population, economic, and environmental changes in the United States. A linear correlation between GDP and CO2 emissions, as well as GGDP and CO2, was established using the least squares method to analyse GGDP's environmental optimization with respect to CO2 emissions. Lastly, a model was devised to evaluate the connection between economic development, the capacity to support future generations (linked to education and healthcare expenditures), and gross national income in China, based on data from earlier inquiries.
AN OPTIMAL CONTROL SOLUTION USING MULTIPLE SHOOTING METHOD

This paper concerns with the solution of optimal control. Optimal control is an optimization model which generally consists of differential equations system, where the system is built on the state variables representing the system’s condition over time and the control variables which is the decision variables to be determined, so the optimal value of the objective criterion is obtained. Optimal control problem mostly has nonlinear system that is difficult to solve analytically. Therefore, the numerical method could be an alternative solution that can be implemented to the problem. One of the numerical methods to solve optimal control problem is Multiple Shooting Method. This method is essentially used to solve the Boundary Value Problem (BVP) on the discussion of differential equations. This method will transform the optimal control problem into numerical formulation in Nonlinear Programming (NLP) form. Furthermore, the NLP can be solved by using the Lagrange Multiplier method, so that the nonlinear algebraic system will be obtained. The final solution of the problem is obtained by implementing the Newton Method to the nonlinear equations system. Afterwards, the second order sufficient condition is applied to guarantee that the final solution is the desired optimal solution.
Research progress on the analgesic effect of acupuncture on laparoscopic patients

: Laparoscopic surgery is an effective means to treat abdominal diseases, but it can also lead to postoperative pain symptoms, so relieve postoperative pain plays a vital role in patients. Acupuncture is an ancient Chinese medical method, which is considered to be one of the most effective postoperative analgesia methods. Acupuncture can not only relieve pain, but also reduce postoperative body reactions, such as postoperative inflammatory reaction and gastrointestinal reaction, enhance human immunity, enable patients to have a good convalescence experience, and reduce the occurrence of postoperative pain, which has a very important value. This paper will introduce in detail the analgesic mechanism of acupuncture on postoperative pain in laparoscopic patients. To discuss the clinical progress of acupuncture in the treatment of postoperative pain in laparoscopic patients.
The Four-Vertex Theorem for Surfaces of Constant Curvature

The differential equations of the bending theory, and hence of the membrane theory of shells of revolution, are derived as consequences of the equations of three-dimensional elasticity and certain additional assumptions. Less restrictive than cus tomary boundary conditions at the apex of closed domes are proposed. By means of stress functions satisfying a simple ordinary differential equation, solutions of the stress equations are surveyed, and it is shown that the new boundary conditions can be satisfied for a large class of surfaces for which the old could not. Displacement functions are introduced which reduce the integration of the displacement equations to the integration of a fairly simple ordinary differential equation. Numerous exact solutions of the differential equations are given explicitly, with the aid of the stress and displacement functions, and some numerical examples are given. (Received January 10, 1945.)
Etude d'une classe de problèmes spectraux

We present the study of the spectrum of a family of the type L(λ)=F(λ)+A where A is a self-adjoint operator with a bounded essential spectrum and F(λ) is a linear bounded operator analytically dependent on λ. In the case of a quadratic pencil, we obtain a non orthogonal resolution of the identity related to the spectral decomposition On presente l'etude du spectre d'une famille de la forme L(λ)=F(λ)+A, ou A est un operateur auto-adjoint dont le spectre essentiel est borne et F(λ) un operateur lineaire continu dependant analytiquement de λ. Dans le cas ou L(λ) est un polynome quadratique normalise et ou A est positif, on obtient une resolution de l'identite non orthogonale associee a la decomposition spectrale
A Wrapper-Based Combined Recursive Orthogonal Array and Support Vector Machine for Classification and Feature Selection

In data mining, classification problems are among the most frequently discussed issues. Feature selection is a very important pre-processing function in the vast majority of classification cases. Its aim is to delete irrelevant or redundant features in order to reduce the feature dimension and computing complexity and increase the accuracy of classification. Current feature selection methods can be roughly divided into the filter method and the wrapper method. The former chooses the feature subset before classifying, whereas the latter chooses the feature subset during the classification procedure. In general, wrapper methods result in better performance than filter methods, but they are time-consuming. This paper therefore proposes a wrapper method called OA-SVM that uses an orthogonal array (OA) to make systemic rules of feature selection and uses support vector machine (SVM) as the classifier. The proposed OA-SVM is employed to test eight UCI databases for the classification problem. The results of these experiments verify that the proposed OA-SVM for feature selection can effectively delete irrelevant or redundant features, thereby increasing classification accuracy.
Progress of Chinese and Western Medicine Research on Chronic Pelvic Pain in Gynecology

: Chronic pelvic pain is a syndrome of non-cyclical pelvic pain caused by a variety of causes lasting more than 6 months with organic or functional causes, which involves a wide range of systems, unclear etiology, complex species, high incidence, difficult diagnosis, and poor treatment, and seriously affects the quality of life of patients. Gynecologic factors are common causes among many etiologies. This article reviews the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of chronic pelvic pain caused by gynecological factors, with a view to providing a certain reference basis for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of chronic pelvic pain.
Tourism Review Text Mining in Guizhou Province Based on LDA Topic Model

: The rapid development of the Internet has brought more convenience to people's lives. Consumers begin to choose to obtain services through the Internet, and tourism has gradually become an important member of e-commerce. Most tourists choose to learn about scenic spots online in advance and buy tickets through tourism websites. In the face of a large number of consumers, scenic spot managers should pay attention to online feedback information so as to improve all aspects of the scenic spot. In this paper, the characteristic tourist attractions of Guizhou are taken as an example, the octopus collector is used to climb the comment information of major tourism websites, and the comment information is processed by python and R, the word cloud map of positive and negative emotion words is constructed, and the feature words with high attention are obtained. The topic extraction is carried out by the LDA model, and the comment information is further analyzed by combining the positive and negative emotion words. The paper focuses on exploring the concerns of tourists, and puts forward suggestions with commercial value for Guizhou characteristic tourist attractions.
Waves in a thin liquid layer on a rotating disk

Film-thickness measurements on some liquids flowing down vertical surfaces gave values higher than those given by Nusselt's theory. This was shown to be due to the presence of waves on the film surface, and the discrepancy is thought to be due mainly to the omission from Nusselt's theory of the factors causing wave motion. The authors have investigated flow in films of water on a rotating disk to find whether or not this discrepancy between the actual and theoretical thickness, as calculated by laminar-flow film theory, occur in this case also.
A public-key cryptosystem scheme on conic curves over the ring Z n

A public key cryptosystem scheme is proposed that are based on conic curves over the ring Zn. Our scheme is motivated by KMOV scheme on elliptic curves, but our scheme remove some restrictive condition from KMOV scheme and constructed on conic curves. Its security bases on the difficulty of factoring a composite number n, just like RSA. It can resist some of the known attacks on RSA. We also constructed digital signature and a proxy signature on our scheme. Since encoding and decoding over conic are easily implement, it has enabled our scheme to greatly enhance efficiency. Also, our schemes can be used in the mobile payment system with the limited bandwidth.
Fuzzy model reference learning control in surgical robots

: This paper proposes to apply the fuzzy model reference learning control method based on the guide control to the collaborative human-machine dragging process of the surgical robot. Variable damping coefficient adjustment parameter rules for fuzzy conductance controllers are trained by an offline learning mechanism in order to achieve the best human-machine interaction control effect. The surgical risk caused by the doctor's misoperation is lowered. Through the simulation experiment results, the speed curve tracking error is reduced by 70%. Trajectory curve tracking error is reduced by 57%. The both results prove that the strategy can reduce the error of the surgical robot and ensure the safety of robotic surgical operation.
Optimal quantization for infinite similitudes on the real line

Let $P$ be a Borel probability measure on $\mathbb R$ generated by an infinite system of self-similar mappings associated with a probability vector. For such a probability measure $P$, in this paper, the optimal sets of $n$-means and the $n$th quantization error are calculated for every natural number $n$. Moreover, the connection between the rate of convergence of the logarithms of the quantization errors for $n$ going to infinity and the Hausdorff dimension of the limit set of the infinite iterated function system is indicated.
Physiological changes in advanced Parkinson's disease: Altered motor cortical plasticity and its significance in pathophysiology and clinical symptoms

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra. Dopamine plays an important role in the induction of synaptic plasticity, and plastic changes in the brain have been broadly investigated in PD. In humans, non‐invasive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been widely used for plasticity induction in the motor cortex. In this review, we will discuss how dopamine receptors are involved in the induction of neuroplasticity, changes in corticostriatal plasticity in PD model animals, effects of dopamine on motor cortical plasticity in healthy humans, changes in motor cortical plasticity in PD patients including its relationship to motor symptoms, and, finally, altered plasticity in levodopa‐induced dyskinesia.
Multi‐Spectrum Method for the Determination of the Spectral Responsivity and the Short‐Circuit Current of Photovoltaic Devices

Herein, a method for the determination of the spectral responsivity (SR) and the short‐circuit current under standard test conditions of photovoltaic devices (e.g., solar cells) is presented. This multi‐spectrum SR method requires a spectrally tunable broadband light source irradiating the photovoltaic device with a large number of different spectra. For each spectrum, the light response of the device and the spectral irradiance in the measuring plane are measured. The spectral irradiances are integrated within predefined wavelength intervals and are incorporated together with the measured light response into an equation system which relates them to the (unknown) SR of the photovoltaic device. By solving the equation system, mathematically using regression algorithms, the SR is determined. Due to the usage of a broadband light source, the device operates at realistic injection conditions during measurements. The mathematical background of the multi‐spectrum SR method is described and its applicability is demonstrated on three world‐photovoltaic‐scale‐type solar cells and one large‐area reference cell. Short‐circuit currents from all SR curves are calculated using the tabulated AM1.5 G spectrum. In comparison to the SR reference data, the short‐circuit currents from the multi‐spectrum SR method deviate by less than 0.68%.
Microstructural Changes of Bone after Soft Tissue Removal: ATR-FTIR and XRD Spectroscopies

The structural alterations that may arise in boiled and nonboiled bones are often overlooked despite their critical importance in the development of defleshing techniques across various scientific disciplines. To elucidate the microstructural characteristics of bones following the removal of soft tissue through conventional methods, attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopies were employed. Our findings indicate that the boiled water method resulted in higher crystallinity, as evidenced by the FTIR data, whereas the XRD data revealed the opposite. This underscores the notion that a direct comparison between these two techniques is unfeasible as they measure distinct crystallinity parameters. In addition, the cold water maceration method caused a significant reduction in collagen crosslinking, as evidenced by the lower index observed.