Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Low-Altitude Unmanned Aerial Vehicles-Based Internet of Things Services: Comprehensive Survey and Future Perspectives

Recently, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), or drones, have attracted a lot of attention, since they represent a new potential market. Along with the maturity of the technology and relevant regulations, a worldwide deployment of these UAVs is expected. Thanks to the high mobility of drones, they can be used to provide a lot of applications, such as service delivery, pollution mitigation, farming, and in the rescue operations. Due to its ubiquitous usability, the UAV will play an important role in the Internet of Things (IoT) vision, and it may become the main key enabler of this vision. While these UAVs would be deployed for specific objectives (e.g., service delivery), they can be, at the same time, used to offer new IoT value-added services when they are equipped with suitable and remotely controllable machine type communications (MTCs) devices (i.e., sensors, cameras, and actuators). However, deploying UAVs for the envisioned purposes cannot be done before overcoming the relevant challenging issues. These challenges comprise not only technical issues, such as physical collision, but also regulation issues as this nascent technology could be associated with problems like breaking the privacy of people or even use it for illegal operations like drug smuggling. Providing the communication to UAVs is another challenging issue facing the deployment of this technology. In this paper, a comprehensive survey on the UAVs and the related issues will be introduced. In addition, our envisioned UAV-based architecture for the delivery of UAV-based value-added IoT services from the sky will be introduced, and the relevant key challenges and requirements will be presented.
Are specialists at risk under environmental change? Neoecological, paleoecological and phylogenetic approaches

The question ‘what renders a species extinction prone’ is crucial to biologists. Ecological specialization has been suggested as a major constraint impeding the response of species to environmental changes. Most neoecological studies indicate that specialists suffer declines under recent environmental changes. This was confirmed by many paleoecological studies investigating longer-term survival. However, phylogeneticists, studying the entire histories of lineages, showed that specialists are not trapped in evolutionary dead ends and could even give rise to generalists. Conclusions from these approaches diverge possibly because (i) of approach-specific biases, such as lack of standardization for sampling efforts (neoecology), lack of direct observations of specialization (paleoecology), or binary coding and prevalence of specialists (phylogenetics); (ii) neoecologists focus on habitat specialization; (iii) neoecologists focus on extinction of populations, phylogeneticists on persistence of entire clades through periods of varying extinction and speciation rates; (iv) many phylogeneticists study species in which specialization may result from a lack of constraints. We recommend integrating the three approaches by studying common datasets, and accounting for range-size variation among species, and we suggest novel hypotheses on why certain specialists may not be particularly at risk and consequently why certain generalists deserve no less attention from conservationists than specialists.
Case Closed: Holocaust Survivors in Postwar America

Following the end of World War II, it was widely reported by the media that Jewish refugees found lives filled with opportunity and happiness in America. However, for most of the 140,000 Jewish Displaced Persons (DPs) who immigrated to the United States from Europe in the years between 1946 and 1954, it was a much more complicated story. "Case Closed" challenges the prevailing optimistic perception of the lives of Holocaust survivors in postwar America by scrutinizing their first years through the eyes of those who lived it. The facts brought forth in this book are supported by case files recorded by Jewish social service workers, letters and minutes from agency meetings, oral testimonies, and much more. Cohen explores how the Truman Directive allowed the American Jewish community to handle the financial and legal responsibility for survivors, and shows what assistance the community offered the refugees and what help was not available. She investigates the particularly difficult issues that orphan children and Orthodox Jews faced, and examines the subtleties of the resettlement process in New York and other locales. Cohen uncovers the truth of survivors' early years in America and reveals the complexity of their lives as "New Americans. "
HIPPOCAMPUS MINOR, CALCAR AVIS, AND THE HUXLEY‐OWEN DEBATE

ON THE BICENTENNIAL of Darwin's birth, we describe the origin of the calcar avis and summarize the debate around this structure, which played a central role in the evolution debate in the mid-19th century. We performed a comprehensive review of relevant neuroanatomic literature, bibliographic sources, and 19th century primary sources. Once known as the hippocampus minor, the structure now known as the calcar avis is an involution of the ventricular wall produced by the calcarine fissure. A heated debate raged between 2 prominent scientific theorists, Sir Richard Owen and Thomas Henry Huxley, over the presence of the hippocampus minor in apes versus humans. Owen put forward the lack of an identifiable hippocampus minor in humans as part of an attempt to debunk evolution. A bitter personal and academic rivalry ensued, as Huxley conducted his own dissections to refute Owen's claims. Huxley ultimately dismantled Owen's premises, securing the epithet “Darwin's bulldog” for his defense of the theory of evolution. Thus, this relatively obscure neuroanatomic landmark served as a pivotal point of contention in the most popularized and acrimonious evolutionary debate of the 19th century.
An Acoustic and Perceptual Analysis of Vowels Preceding Final /-s/ Deletion in the Speech of Granada, Spain and Cartagena, Colombia

espanolThis study sets out to verify the claim that the tense-lax alternation undergone by vowels preceding deletion of post-nuclear /s/ in Eastern Andalusian Spanish may serve as a functional marker when distinguishing singular from plural in nouns rendered homophonous by the deletion of final /-s/, e.g. calle [ˈka. je] ‘street’ vs. calles [ˈka. jɛO] ‘streets. ’ Samples from Granada Spanish speakers revealed a significant opening for the vowels with deleted final /-s/. In a subsequent speech perception test, speakers were prompted with stimuli and determine whether they heard the singular form calle [ˈka. je] with the closed allophone or the plural form calles [ˈka. jɛO] with the open allophone. Results reveal that, despite the significant vocalic alternation, participants were unable to consistently identify between singular and plural forms based solely on the open and closed allophonic contrast. With the purpose of establishing a cross dialectal comparison, both the vowel analysis and perception test were replicated with native speakers of Cartagena, Colombia, and similar results were obtained. EnglishEl presente estudio investiga la hipotesis de que el desdoblamiento vocalico o la alternancia tensa laxa de las vocales que preceden elision de /s/ posnuclear en el espanol de Andalucia Oriental tiene una funcion que permite distinguir entre el singular y el plural con formas homofonas debido a la perdida de /s/ final, por ejemplo, calle [ˈka. je] vs. calles [ˈka. jɛO]. Un analisis acustico con muestras tomadas de hablantes nativos de espanol de Granada revelo una apertura significativa para aquellas vocales que preceden elision de /s/ final. En una subsiguiente prueba de percepcion, los participantes escuchaban el estimulo y debian determinar si escuchaban la forma singular calle [ˈka. je] con el alofono cerrado o si escuchaban la forma plural calles [ˈka. jɛO] con el alofono abierto. Los resultados muestran que, a pesar de la significativa apertura vocalica, los participantes no podian identificar consistentemente entre las formas singulares y plurales basados en el contraste entre alofonos abiertos o cerrados. Del mismo modo, con el proposito de establecer una comparacion dialectal, el analisis acustico y la prueba de percepcion se replicaron con hablantes nativos de espanol de Cartagena, Colombia, donde se obtuvieron resultados similares.
Fluorescence in situ hybridization characterization of new translocations involving TEL (ETV6) in a wide spectrum of hematologic malignancies.

The ETV6 (also known as TEL) gene on chromosome 12p13 is the target of a number of translocations associated with various hematologic malignancies. The contribution of ETV6 to leukemogenesis occurs through different mechanisms that involve either its helix-loop-helix dimerization domain or its E26 transformation-specific (ETS) DNA-binding domain. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization we characterized seven new ETV6 rearrangements in chronic myeloid leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. These aberrations, not always discernible at the cytogenetic level, include a t(5;12)(q31;p13), t(6;12;17)(p21;p13;q25), t(7;12)(p15;p13), t(7;12)(p12;p13), t(7;12)(q36;p13), t(12;13)(p13;q12), and a not completely defined t(12;? )(p13;? ). Loss or disruption of the second ETV6 allele by a del(12)(p12p13) or by an intragenic ETV6 deletion was detected in two cases. In six cases the 12p13 breakpoint occurred in the 5' end of ETV6, upstream to exons encoding the HLH domain, whereas the remaining case had a breakpoint between the exons coding for the HLH domain and the exons coding for the ETS domain of ETV6. These observations provide further evidence for the multiple contributions of ETV6 in the pathogenesis of a wide range of hematologic malignancies.
Email stress and its management in public sector organisations

Email stress: what are its causes? how is it measured? can it be solved? The literature review revealed that, despite the term being well used and recognised, discussions surrounding the root cause of email stress had reached little consensus and the concept was not well understood. By its very nature, email stress theory had fallen victim to the academic debate between psychological vs. physiological interpretations of stress which, as a result of either choice, limited more progressive research. Likewise an array of email management strategies had been identified however, whilst some generated quick successes, they appeared to suffer longevity issues and were not maintained a few months after implementation in the workplace. The purpose of this research was to determine whether email communication causes employees psychological and physiological stress and investigate the impact of email management strategies in the workplace. A pragmatic philosophy placed the research problem as central and valued the differences between paradigms to promote a mixed-method approach to research. The decision to pair both case studies and action research methods ensured a framework for presenting results and an actionable solution was achieved. In direct response to the research aims an original email stress measuring methodology was devised that combined various data collection tools to measure and investigate email stress. This research design was applied and evaluated ‘email free time’ and email filing at the '''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''. Results of the study showed an increased stress response to occur during email use, i.e. caused employees’ increased blood pressure, heart rate, cortisol and perceived stress, and a number of adverse effects such as managing staff via email, social detachment, blame and cover-yourback culture were identified. Findings revealed ‘email free time’ was not a desirable strategy to manage email stress and related stressors, whereas email filing was found more beneficial to workers well-being. Consolidation of the data gathered from the literature review and research findings were used to develop an initial conceptualisation of email stress in the form of two models, i.e. explanatory and action. A focus group was conducted to validate the proposed models and a further investigation at the '''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''' was carried out to critique the use of an email training intervention. The results showed some improvements to employees’ behaviour after the training, e.g. improved writing style, email checked on fewer occasions each day and fewer sufferers of email addiction. The initial models devised, alongside the latter findings, were synthesised to create a single integrative multidimensional model of email stress and management strategies. The model made an original contribution to knowledge in terms of theory, i.e. to conceptualise email stress, and practice, i.e. to offer practical solutions to the email worker.
Upstream Remotely-Sensed Hydrological Variables and Their Standardization for Surface Runoff Reconstruction and Estimation of the Entire Mekong River Basin

River water discharge (WD) is an essential component when monitoring a regional hydrological cycle. It is expressed in terms of surface runoff (R) when a unit of river basin surface area is considered. To compensate for the decreasing number of hydrological stations, remotely-sensed WD estimation has been widely promoted over the past two decades, due to its global coverage. Previously, remotely-sensed WD was reconstructed either by correlating nearby remotely-sensed surface responses (e.g., indices and hydraulic variables) with ground-based WD observations or by applying water balance formulations, in terms of R, over an entire river basin, assisted by hydrological modeling data. In contrast, the feasibility of using remotely-sensed hydrological variables (RSHVs) and their standardized forms together with water balance representations (WBR) obtained from the river upstream to reconstruct estuarine R for an entire basin, has been rarely investigated. Therefore, our study aimed to construct a correlative relationship between the estuarine observed R and the upstream, spatially averaged RSHVs, together with their standardized forms and WBR, for the Mekong River basin, using estuarine R reconstructions, at a monthly temporal scale. We found that the reconstructed R derived from the upstream, spatially averaged RSHVs agreed well with the observed R, which was also comparable to that calculated using traditional remote sensing data (RSD). Better performance was achieved using spatially averaged, standardized RSHVs, which should be potentially attributable to spatially integrated information and the ability to partly bypass systematic biases by both human (e.g., dam operation) and environmental effects in a standardized form. Comparison of the R reconstructed using the upstream, spatially averaged, standardized RSHVs with that reconstructed from the traditional RSD, against the observed R, revealed a Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) above 0.91 and below 0.81, a root-mean-squares error (RMSE) below 6.1 mm and above 8.5 mm, and a Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (NSE) above 0.823 and below 0.657, respectively. In terms of the standardized water balance representation (SWBR), the reconstructed R yielded the best performance, with a PCC above 0.92, an RMSE below 5.9 mm, and an NSE above 0.838. External assessment demonstrated similar results. This finding indicated that the standardized RSHVs, in particular its water balance representations, could lead to further improvement in estuarine R reconstructions for river basins affected by various systematic influences. Comparison between hydrological stations at the Mekong River Delta entrance and near the estuary mouth revealed tidally-induced backwater effects on the estimated R, with an RMSE difference of 4–5 mm (equivalent to 9–11% relative error).
Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea and rhinorrhea in idiopathic intracranial hypertension patients.

2011;17:885–887. 4. Wang KC, Lee CL, Chen SY, Lin KH, Tsai CP. Prominent brainstem symptoms/signs in patients with neuromyelitis optica in a Taiwanese population. J Clin Neurosci. 2011;18:1197–1200. 5. Gilmore CP, Jacob A, Evangelou N. A case of neuromyelitis optica with gadolinium-enhancing brain lesions and Parinaud syndrome. Arch Neurol. 2009;66:140– 141. 6. Patel V, Griffith NC, Blackwood E, Dias M, Cordato DJ. Spectrum disorder of neuromyelitis optica in a patient presenting with intractable vomiting and hiccups, transverse myelitis and acute encephalopathy. J Clin Neurosci. 2012;19:1576–1578. 7. Popescu BF, Lennon VA, Parisi JE, Howe CL, Weigand SD, Cabrera-Gómez JA, Newell K, Mandler RN, Pittock SJ, Weinshenker BG, Lucchinetti CF. Neuromyelitis optica unique area postrema lesions: nausea, vomiting, and pathogenic implications. Neurology. 2011;76:1229–1237.
Level 6: Why We Can't Get There from Here

How to get people and technology to work togetherEach week, American comedian and social commentator Dennis Miller opens his TV show with a topic that he tears to pieces with biting satire. His self-proclaimed "rants" are often extreme, but his comments ? when considered in their entirety ? are almost always on the mark.Tom Gilb is the Dennis Miller of software engineering. His opinions about software and its engineering have an edge. They are debatable, sometimes maddening, but, like Miller's rants, can serve as a catalyst for serious discussion. He is currently struggling to figure out how to think clearly about systems engineering, and is finding little meaningful guidance. The author or coauthor of several books, he is currently editing his manuscript on systems engineering, which has the working title The Results Method.As Tom advises at the end of this article, when you consider his opinions, have fun. Roger Pressman
The Limitations of Stock Market Efficiency: Price Informativeness and CEO Turnover

Stock prices are more informative when the information has less social value. Speculators with limited resources making costly (private) information production decisions must decide to produce information about some firms and not others. We show that producing and trading on private information is most profitable in the stocks of firms with poor corporate governance -- precisely because it will not be acted upon -- and less profitable at firms with better corporate governance. To the extent that the information in the stock price is used for disciplining the CEO by the board of directors, the informed trader has a reduced incentive to produce the information in the first place. We test our model using the probability of informed trading (PIN) and the probability of forced CEO turnover in a simultaneous-equation system. The empirical results support the model predictions. Stock prices are efficient, but there is a limit to the disciplining role they can fulfill. We apply the model to evaluate the effects of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Study and Development of Next-Generation Optical Networks

Next-generation optical networks are expected to provide tremendous capacity in order to support upcoming traffic increases. Many technologies are currently being developed for optical transport networks in order to increase throughput, improve energy efficiency and simplify network deployment. The most important problem in current optical networks is transmission of Internet protocol (IP) traffic. Regardless of the tremendous throughput with optical fibers, switching nodes still limit overall network performance. Recently, optical burst switching technology has been developed to overcome this problem. Optical burst switching combines the advantages of both circuit switching and packet switching networks and provides good performance in terms of packet data transmission. Even though optical burst switching networks provide a good mechanism for IP traffic transmission, overall performance is still limited because of access networks. Existing passive optical networks based on Ethernet technology are not fully compatible with optical burst switching, which results in bottlenecks on the border between transport and access networks. In this paper, we present a new method of optical wavelength time-division multiple access (OWTDMA) for passive optical networks. The proposed approach can provide outstanding scalability of network resources and can increase throughput of the optical access network. In addition, we propose implementation of OWTDMA in edge nodes of optical burst switching networks to eliminate bottlenecks between transport and access networks. Simulation results prove the advantage of our proposed approach.
HMG CoA lyase deficiency: identification of five causal point mutations in codons 41 and 42, including a frequent Saudi Arabian mutation, R41Q.

The hereditary deficiency of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG) CoA lyase (HL; OMIM 246450 [http://www3.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov:80/htbin-post/Omim/dispmim? 246450]) results in episodes of hypoketotic hypoglycemia and coma and is reported to be frequent and clinically severe in Saudi Arabia. We found genetic diversity among nine Saudi HL-deficient probands: six were homozygous for the missense mutation R41Q, and two were homozygous for the frameshift mutation F305fs(-2). In 32 non-Saudi HL-deficient probands, we found three R41Q alleles and also discovered four other deleterious point mutations in codons 41 and 42: R41X, D42E, D42G, and D42H. In purified mutant recombinant HL, all four missense mutations in codons 41 and 42 cause a marked decrease in HL activity. We developed a screening procedure for HL missense mutations that yields residual activity at levels comparable to those obtained using purified HL peptides. Codons 41 and 42 are important for normal HL catalysis and account for a disproportionate 21 (26%) of 82 of mutant alleles in our group of HL-deficient probands.
The USTC machine translation system for IWSLT 2014

This paper describes the University of Science and Technology of China’s (USTC) system for the MT track of IWSLT2014 Evaluation Campaign. We participated in the Chinese-English and English-Chinese translation tasks. For both tasks, we used a phrase-based statistical machine translation system (SMT) as our baseline. To improve the translation performance, we applied a number of techniques, such as word alignment with the �! -norm, phrase table smoothing, hierarchical reordering model, domain adaptation of the language and translation model, recurrent neural network based language model, neural network joint model, etc. By integrating these techniques, we obtained total improvements of 4.2% BLEU score for Chinese-English system and 3.7% BLEU score for English-Chinese system, compared to the baseline systems.
An early spinosaurid dinosaur from the Late Jurassic of Tendaguru (Tanzania) and the evolution of the spinosaurid dentition

An isolated theropod tooth from the terminal Jurassic of the Tendaguru (Tanzania), originally referred to La- brosaurus (? ) stechowi, is described as the type specimen of a new genus and species of spinosaurid theropod. It shows an enamel ornamentation reminiscent of Baryonyx and allied forms, but differs from all other known spinosaurids by the large size of the denticles borne by the carinae. The new taxon is the earliest currently known spinosaurid. It sheds some light on aspects of dental evolution in spinosaurids, which seems to have been characterised by reduction of the denticles. denture des spinosaurides - Une dent de theropode isolee du Jurassique terminal du Tendaguru (Tanzanie), rapportee a l'origine a Labrosaurus (? ) stechowi, est decrite comme specimen type d'un nouveau genre et d'une nouvelle espece de the- ropode spinosauride. Elle montre une ornementation de l'email rappelant Baryonyx et des formes apparentees, mais differe de tous les autres spinosaurides connus par la grande taille des denticules portes par les carenes. Ce nouveau taxon est le plus ancien spinosauride connu. Il eclaire certains aspects de l'evolution des dents chez les spinosaurides, qui semble avoir ete caracterisee par la reduction des denticules. Mots-cles : Dinosauria, Theropoda, Spinosauridae, dents, Jurassique superieur, Tendaguru, Tanzanie.