Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The avian gut microbiota: Diversity, influencing factors, and future directions

The gut microbiota is viewed as the “second genome” of animals, sharing intricate relationships with their respective hosts. Because the gut microbial community and its diversity are affected by many intrinsic and extrinsic factors, studying intestinal microbes has become an important research topic. However, publications are dominated by studies on domestic or captive birds, while research on the composition and response mechanism of environmental changes in the gut microbiota of wild birds remains scarce. Therefore, it is important to understand the co-evolution of host and intestinal bacteria under natural conditions to elucidate the diversity, maintenance mechanisms, and functions of gut microbes in wild birds. Here, the existing knowledge of gut microbiota in captive and wild birds is summarized, along with previous studies on the composition and function, research methods employed, and factors influencing the avian gut microbial communities. Furthermore, research hotspots and directions were also discussed to identify the dynamics of the avian gut microbiota, aiming to contribute to studies of avian microbiology in the future.
Serum Resistin Levels and Related Genetic Variants Are Associated With Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women

Background Osteoporosis is a multifactorial disorder and a number of genetic variants or loci responsible for bone mineral density (BMD) have been identified. Resistin, a novel adipokine has diverse role in human body including its function in bone remodeling. The objective of this study was to see the association of serum resistin levels and related genetic variants (rs3931020, rs13144478) with BMD in postmenopausal females. Methods This comparative analytical study was conducted on postmenopausal osteoporotic (n=101), osteopenic (n=77) and non-osteoporotic (n=74) females. For comparison and correlational analysis, Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman’s rho correlation were used respectively. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) was calculated by using Chi-square test (χ2). Results There was significant difference in the serum levels of resistin (p <0.001), among the three groups. Significant negative correlation of resistin was observed with BMD at various sites. Serum resistin levels were significantly low in the rs3931020 AA homozygous genotype (p = 0.010), and significantly high in the rs13144478 AT heterozygous genotype (p = 0.020), BMD at all sites except left femoral neck was significantly high in rs3931020 AA genotype, while BMD at lumbar spine, left hip and total BMD were significantly low in the rs13144478 TT homozygotes. Conclusion High serum resistin levels are associated with low BMD and single nucleotide variation in rs3931020 and rs13144478 may lead to high serum resistin levels and low bone mineral density. Resistin can serve as a new genetic marker, potential therapeutic target and predictor of osteoporosis.
Pharmacologicalapproach Genetic approach Negative control

Modulation of the elongation phase of protein synthesis is important for numerous physiological processes in both neurons and other cell types. Elongation is primarily regulated via eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K). However, the consequence of altering eEF2K activity on the synthesis of speci ﬁ c proteins is largely unknown. Using both pharmacological and genetic manipulations of eEF2K combined with two protein-labeling techniques, stable isotope labeling of amino acids in cell culture and bio-orthogonal non-canonical amino acid tagging, we identi ﬁ ed a subset of proteins whose synthesis is sensitive to inhibition of eEF2K in murine primary cortical neurons. Gene ontology (GO) analyses indicated that processes related to microtubules are particularly sensitive to eEF2K inhibition. Our ﬁ ndings suggest that eEF2K likely contributes to neuronal function by regulating the synthesis of microtubule-related proteins.
Editorial Svalbard Meteorology

1 Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Centre (NERSC), Thormohlensgt. 47, 5006 Bergen, Norway 2 Istituto di Scienze dell’ Atmosfera e del Clima (ISAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy 3 Department of Climatology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. Gagarina 11, 87-100 Torun, Poland 4 A. M. Obukhov Institute for Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Science, Pyzhevsky 3, 119017 Moscow, Russia 5 University Centre in Svalbard, 9171 Longyearbyen, Norway
Soft X-Ray Variability and the Covering Fraction of Active Galactic Nuclei

A model to explain the observed soft X-ray variability to some low-luminosity Seyfert 1 galaxies is developed. The variability is due to changes in the covering fraction of the central source as broad-line clouds move across our line of sight. A formalism is developed which is used to demonstrate how analysis of a soft X-ray light curve can provide three important quantities: the radius of the X-ray emitting region, the radius of a typical broad-line cloud, and the electron density in the cloud. It is shown that the results are rather insensitive to the assumed radial dependence of the surface brightness of the source, but are quite sensitive to a large dispersion in cloud sizes. 55 references.
COGNITIVE FACTOR OF 3G MOBILE VIDEO ESPOUSAL BY THE INDIAN MOBIE USERS

— Mobile technology has germinated dramatically within the last 10 to 15 years. Real-time visual communication via mobile is feasibly the most signature feature of 3G technology. The anxiety is whether 3G will change any interest and explosive uptake by the mobile user community. In an Indian circumstance with the technology being comparatively new, it proved difficult to guess the Indian Mobile community’s response to 3G mobile video. This paper investigate what factors the Indian mobile users regard as most likely to affect the intention to adhere 3G mobile video.
Political Feasibility

Most developed countries have experienced a dramatic drop in the labor force participation of their middle-aged and elderly male workers over the last fifty years. The average retirement age for males, or the average age of transition to inactivity, since exits from the labor market do not necessarily coincide with formal retirement, has dropped in the OECD countries from 67.9 years in 1950 to 61.7 years in 1990.
Supplement S3 - Detailed DNA metabarcoding methods

We prepared domatium and leaf samples for DNA extraction by placing each sample in a sterile 1.5mL microcentrifuge tube, removing excess preservative with a pipette, and rinsing the sample with molecular grade water. For fresh leaf samples and the old leaflet samples from CN domatia, we counted out 40 leaves for the extraction. For the fibrous particle samples from TP domatia and the carton lamellae from CM domatia, we measured out 80 to 100mg wet weight. We used the whole sample wherever less material was available.
Alice in Quantumland: An Allegory of Quantum Physics

1. Into Quantumland 2. The Heisenberg Bank 3. The Mechanic's Institute 4. The Copenhagen School 5. The Fermi-Bose Academy 6. Virtual Reality 7. Atoms in the Void 8. Castle Rutherford 9. The Particle MASSquerade 10. The Experimental Physics Phun Phair
The Maximum Entropy Approach to Inverse Problems Journal of Geophysics

The maximum entropy principle as described in the first, introductory part of the paper is applied to 2 problems: the estimation of the power spectrum from a finite number of values of the autocovariance function, and the determination of the density within the Earth from its mass, radius, and moment of inertia. In both cases the available information is given in terms of known values of linear functionals and the maximum entropy principle is used to derive a probability distribution for the values of the unknown function. The expectation value of the probability distribution for the spectral power is shown to be equal to the well-known maximum entropy power spectrum. The expectation value for the density within the Earth is in -with respect to the few data used good agreement with that of accepted Earth models.
The Inﬂuencing Effects of Industrial Eco-Efﬁciency on Carbon Emissions in the Yangtze River Delta

: A low-carbon economy is the most important requirement to realize high-quality integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta. Utilizing the following models: a super-efﬁciency slacks-based measure model, a spatio-temporal correlation model, a bivariate LISA model, a spatial econometric model, and a geographically weighted random forest model, this study measured urban industrial eco-efﬁciency (IEE) and then analyzed its inﬂuencing effects on carbon emission in the Yangtze River Delta from 2000 to 2017. The inﬂuencing factors included spatio-temporal correlation intensity, spatio-temporal association type, direct and indirect impacts, and local importance impacts. Findings showed that: (1) The temporal correlation intensity between IEE and scale efﬁciency (SE) and carbon emissions exhibited an inverted V-shaped variation trend, while the temporal correlation intensity between pure technical efﬁciency (PTE) and carbon emissions exhibited a W-shaped ﬂuctuation trend. The negative spatial correlation between IEE and carbon emissions was mainly distributed in the developed cities of the delta, while the positive correlation was mainly distributed in central Anhui Province and Yancheng and Taizhou cities. The spatial correlation between PTE and carbon emissions exhibited a spatial pattern of being higher in the central part of the delta and lower in the northern and southern parts. The negative spatial correlation between SE and carbon emissions was mainly clustered in Zhejiang Province and scattered in Jiangsu and Anhui provinces, with the cities with positive correlations being concentrated around two locations: the junction of Anhui and Jiangsu provinces, and within central Jiangsu Province. (2) The direct and indirect effects of IEE on carbon emissions were signiﬁcantly negative, indicating that IEE contributed to reducing carbon emissions. The direct impact of PTE on carbon emissions was also signiﬁcantly negative, while its indirect effect was insigniﬁcant. Both the direct and indirect effects of SE on carbon emissions were signiﬁcantly negative. (3) It was found that the positive effect of IEE was more likely to alleviate the increase in carbon emissions in northern Anhui City. Further, PTE was more conducive to reducing the increase in carbon emissions in northwestern Anhui City, southern Zhejiang City, and in other cities including Changzhou and Wuxi. Finally, it was found that SE played a relatively important role in reducing the increase in carbon emissions only in four cities: Changzhou, Suqian, Lu’an, and Wenzhou.
Bounds for the set of solutions of functional-differential equations

Abstract : Sets of systems of ordinary functional-differential equations with Volterra type functionals under sets of initial values are considered. Upper and lower bounds are constructed for the sets of all solutions. Classes of such problems are given where these bounds are optimal. The main tool is a Lemma of Max Mueller on inequalities. Also ideas from interval mathematics are used. (Author)
Climbing Therapy

Climbing therapy has been employed successfully as an intervention tool in orthopedic-traumatological, neuro- logical, psychomotor pathologies, but its use is increasingly frequentin the field of didactics, and in pedagogy. The search for psychophysical balance, self-efficacy, problem-solving, and responsibility, are just some aspects that this sports activity favors. Climbing can be considered as an innovative intervention method compared to existing proposals in the field of school and social inclusion.
SOIL RESPIRATION MEASUREMENT IN BEECH FOREST DURING TWO VEGETATION PERIODS AT STARA PLANINA

: Stara planina presents one of the greatest mountains in Balkans spreading from Vrška Čuka to the Black sea where Western part of this mountain range is border between Serbia and Bulgaria. The research site was located at Vidlič in even-aged European beech coppice forest. In investigated stand, plot of 25x25 m area was established with 9 randomly selected where soil respiration was measured during climatically two different vegetation periods in 2013 and 2014. Measurements were performed with portable gas exchange measurement system ADC LCPro+. At the same time, evaporation, soil moisture content, soil temperature and air temperature were measured in order to correlate with soil respiration. Results showed significant impact of soil moisture content driven by climate conditions in two investigated years on soil respiration and evaporation.
ELECTROCARDIOGRAM CHANGES IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE STROKE IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT OF BAGHDAD TEACHING HOSPITAL

Strokes are a syndrome of rapidly developing clinical symptoms and signs of focal (or at times global) disturbance of cerebral function enduring more than 24 hours (unless interrupted by surgery or death), with no apparent cause other than of vascular origin. The majority are ischemic, secondary to arterial occlusion by in-situ thrombus or embolus, with the remainder being due to intracerebral haemorrhage or subarachnoid haemorrhage. The electro cardiac irregularities subsequent acute stroke are common and seen in both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. This research aims to find the relation of the Electrocardiogram (ECG) changes in patients with acute stroke and its pattern. A cross-sectional study conducted the emergency department of Baghdad hospital Baghdad City/Iraq. Purposing sampling adopted, and the sample size were=100 patients. The central part of the sample was male 64. About half them 55–64 old. Various ECG changes observed in the present study including rhythm disturbances S-T Depression, T Wave Inversion, Q-T Prolongation, Sinus Tachycardia, Bradycardia, U Wave, AF etc.) in 79 patients (79%), the association of various factors with mean values with ECG changes (Mean age, BMI, DBP, RBS) was more in patients with ECG changes than patients without ECG changes. However, this difference wasn't found to be statistically significant.
THE FREQUENCY OF INCIDENTAL RECTAL CANCER IN ELDERLY PATIENTS PRESENTING WITH HAEMORRHOIDS

: Introduction: Colorectal cancer is the second commonest cancer arising in the world. Colorectal cancer can present with an array of symptoms and approximately 35–48% of patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer have experienced rectal bleeding. Aims and objectives: The main objective of the study is to analyze the frequency of Incidental Rectal Cancer in Elderly Patients presenting with Haemorrhoids. Material and methods: This study was conducted in hospitals of Punjab during 2018. Incidental Rectal Cancer with minimal BRBPR, was defined as small amounts of red blood after wiping or a few drops of blood in the toilet bowl after defecation. Small amounts of blood on the surface of the stool were also considered minimal BRBPR, but red blood intermixed with stool was not. All patients were interviewed and examined by a gastroenterologist. Accordingly, patients’ informed through written consent was obtained from each patient before placing interview according to the strategies of the local institutes. Results: None of the patients were asymptomatic when they sought medical help, and a total of 81 patients (60%) had experienced rectal bleeding during the patient interval. Additional to rectal bleeding, the most commonly reported symptoms, i.e. symptoms reported by 20% or more of the sample, were changes in bowel habits (65%), fatigue (47%), pain (35%), weight loss (21%), and general indisposition (20%). Among the rarely reported symptoms were dizziness (13.2%), lack of appetite/nausea (11.8%) and fever (5.2%).
EVER2 protein binds TRADD to promote TNF- (cid:11) -induced apoptosis

EVER1 and 2 confer resistance to cutaneous oncogenic human papillomavirus infections by downregulating the activating protein 1 (AP-1) signaling pathway. Defects in their expression are associated with susceptibility to epidermodysplasia verruciformis, which is characterized by persistent b -HPV infection, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF- a ) overproduction in keratinocytes and the development of skin cancers. TNF- a -induced apoptosis is a key defense strategy, preventing the persistence of the virus within cells, but the role of EVER proteins in this cell death mechanism triggered by extrinsic stimuli is unknown. We show here that EVER2 induces TNF- a - and TRAIL-dependant apoptosis. It interacts with the N-terminal domain of TRADD, impairs the recruitment of TRAF2 and RIPK1 and promotes apoptosis. The skin cancer-associated EVER2 I306 allele results in an impaired TRADD–EVER2 interaction, with lower levels of cell death following treatment with TNF- a . These data highlight a new, critical function of EVER2 in controlling cell survival in response to death stimuli.
Effects of Positioning on Respiration Rate, Heart Rate, and Oxygen Saturation in Preterm Infants During Feeding: A Cross-over Design

: Positioning is important in preterm infants. Based on previous studies, the effects of positioning on respiration rate, heart rate and oxygen saturation are still controversial. This cross–over design aimed to compare respiration rate, heart rate, and oxygen saturation of preterm infants placed in four positions; a 10 -degree head-elevated supine, prone, right lateral, and right anterior oblique positions, each for 3 hours, before and after orogastric feeding with breast milk. Purposive sampling was used to select 63 preterm infants at a tertiary hospital in the south of Thailand. All infants were placed in a 10 -degree head-elevated supine first, then randomly allocated to either group 1 (with the sequence prone, right lateral, and right anterior oblique; n = 21 ), group 2 (with the sequence right lateral, right anterior oblique, and prone; n = 21 ), or group 3 (with the sequence right anterior oblique, prone, and right lateral; n = 21 ). Between each position, infants were placed in a supine position. The data were collected using a demographic data questionnaire and a record form for respiration rate, heart rate, and oxygen saturation of preterm infants which were assessed using a bedside monitor. Analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. Results revealed normal ranges with no significant differences of the means of respiration rate, heart rate, and oxygen saturation among infants placed in the four positions before, immediately after, and after feeding. Thus, nurses need to consider our findings regarding their choice of positioning preterm infants before, during and after feeding. Further research is warranted in this area.
Nucleotide resolution proﬁling of m 3 C RNA modiﬁcation by HAC-seq

Cellular RNAs are subject to a myriad of different chemical modiﬁcations that play important roles in controlling RNA expression and function. Dysregulation of certain RNA modiﬁcations, the so-called ‘epitranscriptome’, contributes to human disease. One limitation in studying the functional, physiolog-ical, and pathological roles of the epitranscriptome is the availability of methods for the precise mapping of individual RNA modiﬁcations throughout the transcriptome. 3-Methylcytidine (m 3 C) modiﬁcation of certain tRNAs is well established and was also recently detected in mRNA. However, methods for the speciﬁc mapping of m 3 C throughout the transcriptome are lacking. Here, we developed a m 3 C-speciﬁc technique, Hydrazine-Aniline Cleavage sequencing (HAC-seq), to proﬁle the m 3 C methylome at single-nucleotide resolution. We applied HAC-seq to analyze ribosomal RNA (rRNA)-depleted total RNAs in human cells. We found that tRNAs are the pre-dominant m 3 C-modiﬁed RNA species, with 17 m 3 C modiﬁcation sites on 11 cytoplasmic and 2 mitochondrial tRNA isoacceptors in MCF7 cells. We found no evidence for m 3 C-modiﬁcation of mRNA or other non-coding RNAs at comparable levels to tRNAs in these cells. HAC-seq provides a novel method for the unbiased, transcriptome-wide identiﬁcation of m 3 C RNA modiﬁcation at single-nucleotide resolution, and could be widely applied to reveal the m 3 C methylome in different cells and tissues.
INNOVATION FOR THE INFORMAL SECTOR IN THE ERA OF COVID-19 L'INNOVATION POUR LE SECTEUR INFORMEL A L'ERE DE LA COVID-19

In December 2019, China announced its first case of infection with the new coronavirus (covid-19). Quickly, the infection spread to other parts of the world and more than 170 countries were affected. The world is experiencing a totally unexpected health crisis. However, economically and socially, the impact is considerable. So what if we took the opportunity (Covid-19) to reconnect more closely with the informal sector? Many people have been hit hard by this unprecedented crisis. 62% of the world's workforce cannot afford the privilege of confinement, or more than 2 billion people depend on informal activities (International Labor Organization 2020). We must remember that in many parts of the world, informality is the norm rather than the exception? It covers work or activities in the production and sale of goods and services that are not regulated or protected by the state. Most informal workers do not choose to work voluntarily, but it is for the most part a survival strategy and they are unable to find decent work. The objective of our article is to present the work of some researchers related to innovation and the informal sector in the era of Covid-19 and finally propose an analytical reading in order to remedy the current situation. Résumé
Ionic Imbalance

Seizures are accompanied by significant alterations in both intraand extracellular ion concentrations (Hotson, 1973; Kager et al., 2000). These concentration gradients, in concert with the conductances of a variety of ion channels, determine the resting membrane potential, the degree of membrane excitability, and the strength of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic responses. Changes in these concentration gradients have profound effects on the signaling and excitability of cells and can therefore play an important role in seizure generation, maintenance and cessation (Kager et al., 2000). In this chapter, we describe the network of pumps, channels, and exchangers that make up the ionic regulatory system (IRS). This system runs in a nearly steady state while the neuron is at rest and responds to increased neuronal signaling by reestablishing normal ion distributions. We give a brief description of the basic elements of the IRS and their role in ionic maintenance. The IRS has the ability to redistribute intraand extracellular ions rapidly, but this system can be overwhelmed by excessive activity, allowing ion concentration to drift towards equilibrium permitting their effects to dominate neuronal dynamics. (Ullah et al., 2009; Ransom et al., 2004) In addition to excessive neuronal firing, the IRS can be compromised through a broad range of alterations to its constituent mechanisms. We give a broad overview of how malfunctions in critical elements of the IRS may influence seizure onset or duration and identify several motifs that may play a role in a wide range of seizure disorders. We will present a brief review of the known etiologies for a small number of seizure disorders. We discuss the ways in which idiopathic causes of epilepsy such as channelopathies, as well as symptomatic origins such as structural malformations and scarring, interact with the IRS to modulate or even generate seizure activity. In the second part of this section we outline the role of the IRS in experimental seizure models, both acute and chronic. We conclude this section by evaluating experimental seizure models and mathematical models based on the mechanisms that comprise the IRS. In the final section we discuss the action of common anti epileptic drugs and note whenever possible their proposed mechanism in seizure prevention or cessation. We discuss direct and indirect interactions of these drugs upon the IRS and evaluate potential consequences of these interactions.