Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Topsoil properties as affected by tillage systems in the rolling Pampa Region of Argentina.

Improved topsoil structural quality is expected under no-till farming, but soil physical constraints can develop under continuous no-till. Our objectives were: to evaluate the properties of loam, silty loam, and silty clay loam soils under various management practices on a regional scale; to clarify the relationship between soil organic matter pools and soil physical properties; and to find a minimum set of topsoil properties to characterize trends established by tillage. Thirty-nine loam, silty loam, and silry clay loam soils were sampled from cropped fields managed using conventional tillage (CT) and no-till (NT) as well as six undisturbed soils (uncropped). The A horizon thickness did not differ among soil textural groups and was 4 cm thicker in uncropped soils. Total and particulate organic C were significantly affected by management (uncropped > CT = NT, P < 0.001). Soil structural instability of uncropped soils (0.317 mm) differed from CT soils (0.723 mm) but not from NT soils (0.573 mm). Soil structural instability was negatively related to total and particulate organic C, and no relation was found with the resistant organic C pool. Water infiltration rate was the only topsoil properry affected by a significant texture x management interaction. Lower infiltration rates in NT silry soils were caused by plary structural forms with horizontal pores. Soil penetration resistance (0-5 cm) was 0.77 MPa higher in NT than in CT soils. A minimum set of topsoil properties to evaluate tillage management includes structural instability, total or particulate organic C, infiltration rate, and penetration resistance.
Proton Beam Therapy

POLICY Group 1: Proton Beam Therapy (PBT) is considered medically necessary for the curative treatment of any of the following: Chordomas and chondrosarcomas of the base of the skull, localized and in the postoperative setting Uveal melanoma, when PBT is considered preferential compared to brachytherapy Select cases of localized unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (see discussion in Key Clinical Points) Stage IIA seminoma Malignancies requiring Craniospinal Irradiation (CSI)
Differential stress magnitudes during regional deformation and metamorphism: Upper bound imposed by tensile fracturing

Veins occupying tensile fractures are a common feature of metamorphic rocks of all grades. It can be shown in many cases that such veins are synmetamorphic and that they underwent repeated cycles of fracturing and healing throughout deformation and foliation development. Theoretical failure models have predicted that tensile failure is limited to differential stresses less than four times the tensile strength of the material (σ 1 −σ 3 ⩽ 4 T ), and this condition can therefore be used to place an upper bound on differential stress intensities during deformation and foliation development where they are concurrent with vein formation. The tensile strengths of rocks are generally less than 10 MPa, and in the presence of a high temperature metamorphic fluid, a value of 5 MPa may be more reasonable, due to subcritical crack growth. It is thus concluded that differential stress intensities during crustal orogenesis will be less than 40 MPa, and they may be lower than 20 MPa.
Holocene changes in deep-water circulation of the western Mediterranean basin, links to north Atlantic climate variability

preliminary results from multicores recovered in the Minorca sediment drift, south of the Western Mediterranean Deep Water formation area, reveal changes in deep-water circulation during the last 2500 yr. Records of grain-size and SST Mg/Ca derived from G. bulloides show oscillations in deep-water current intensities that could be related to cool periods on land, i.e. the Little Ice Age, but also denote some relationship with changes in sea surface salinity likely associated with changes in continental humid conditions.
Depth imaging in anisotropic media by symmetric non‐stationary phase shift

We present a new depth‐imaging method for seismic data in heterogeneous anisotropic media. This recursive explicit method uses a non‐stationary extrapolation operator to allow lateral velocity variation, and it uses the relationship between phase angle and the spectral coordinates of seismic data to allow velocity variation with phase angle. A qualitative comparison of migration impulse responses suggests that, for an equivalent cost, the symmetric non‐stationary phase‐shift (SNPS) operator is superior to the phase‐shift plus interpolation (PSPI) operator, for very large depth intervals. To demonstrate the potential of the new method, seismic data from a physical model acquired over a transversely isotropic medium are imaged using a shot‐record migration based on the SNPS operator.
Interplay of stream‐subsurface exchange, clay particle deposition, and streambed evolution

Hyporheic exchange (mixing of stream water with pore water beneath the stream) is responsible for the transport of many ecologically relevant substances across the stream‐subsurface interface. This process is dependent on both the streamflow conditions and sedimentary properties, but the complex nature of fluvial systems has presented a barrier to the development of mechanistic understanding of the dynamics of stream‐subsurface interactions. This work presents the results of a controlled study to examine in detail the relationship between stream‐subsurface exchange fluxes, delivery of suspended sediments to the hyporheic region, fine particle accumulation in the streambed, and alteration of sedimentary properties. Laboratory flume experiments were used to observe kaolinite clay deposition in a sand bed and the resulting alteration of hyporheic exchange fluxes. Solute and suspended sediment exchange with clean sand beds is predicted well by a fundamental model for bed form‐driven advective pumping exchange. However, substantial accumulation of clay in the bed causes an alteration of the pore water flow environment, which reduces both water flux across the stream‐subsurface interface and subsequent particle deposition. Measurement of bulk solute exchange and direct observation of clay accumulation in the bed both indicate that transported fine particles are preferentially removed near the stream‐subsurface interface. Clogging of inflow regions produces heterogeneous subsurface clay deposits even when the bed is initially homogeneous. This behavior is also predicted by the fundamental colloid pumping model. These results contradict the accepted view that suspended sediments will generally deposit in the deepest regions of the bed and thus clog the bed from the bottom upward. Our results indicate that clogging of the streambed surface will often isolate deeper regions of the bed from the streamflow, so that even relatively low amounts of suspended sediments can substantially degrade streambed habitat.
Observations of CH4 and N2O by the NIMBUS 7 SAMS: A comparison with in situ data and two‐dimensional numerical model calculations

Monthly mean, zonal mean measurements of CH4 and N2O for 1979 made by the stratospheric and mesospheric sounder (SAMS) on the NIMBUS 7 satellite are presented for the first time. Comparison with in situ and other available data confirms a general pattern of mixing ratios decreasing with height and of maxima, at a given pressure level, in low latitudes. The SAMS data, by virtue of its extensive coverage, reveals new features. These include during certain months a “double peak” when, along a constant pressure surface, mixing ratio maxima are found in low latitudes of both hemispheres with a local minimum at the equator. In the upper stratosphere are found regions of weak and strong horizontal gradients. Comparison with a two-dimensional model shows many areas of agreement, especially for CH4, and the model is used to interpret atmospheric behavior. The model overestimates the observed N2O in the upper stratosphere. This is investigated in terms of a possible underestimation of the photochemical sink. We believe strongly, however, that uncertainties in transport representation cannot be ruled out.
The Risky Capital of Emerging Markets∗

Poor and emerging markets exhibit (1) high average returns to capital and (2) large exposures to movements in US returns, measured by the ‘beta’ of the returns to the foreign asset on the returns to its US counterpart. We document these facts in detail for two asset classes stock market returns and the return to aggregate capital and we provide further evidence from a third class sovereign bonds. We use a series of endowment economies to explore whether consumption-based risk faced by a US investor can reconcile these findings. We find that long-run risk, i.e., risk due to uncertainty over economic growth rates abroad, is a promising channel our calibrated model implies return disparities at least 55% as large as those in the data. From the perspective of the US investor, fact (2), although not a sufficient statistic, is informative about the extent of long-run risk in foreign assets, and so about fact (1). JEL Classification: O4, E22, F21, G12
AT EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WORK AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY

The question of how leaders’ expressions of anger influence employees has been the subject of considerable scholarly debate. So far, however, research on the consequences of angry leadership has predominantly focused on the effects of supervisor expressions of anger, neglecting the potential influence of higher-level managerial anger. In this study, we integrate the emotions as social information theory with the elaboration likelihood model to examine how manager anger trickles down across organizational hierarchical levels (i.e., managers, supervisors, and employees) to affect employee moral behaviour. Results of a multi-source field study conducted in Chile demonstrate that perceptions of manager moral behaviour and supervisor servant leadership serially mediate a negative relationship between manager anger and employee moral behaviour. Furthermore, counter to our predictions, trait negative affectivity of supervisors did not moderate the trickle-down relation of manager anger on employee moral behaviour. Our research elucidates the process by which manager anger can “set the tone” in an organization and trickle down across hierarchical levels to predict the moral behaviour of employees.
Vision Based Tracker for Dart Catching Robot

The objective of this thesis has been to develop the foundation for a robot system that catches darts. A dart board is to be mounted on a robot. When a dart is thrown at the board, it is detected by cameras, and an algorithm predicts where the dart will hit the board. The goal is then to move the board in such a way that the dart hits at the desired coordinate, typically the bull's eye. This report describes the different components developed to realize this system, including image acquisition, camera calibration, image analysis and modeling and estimation of the dart trajectory.
MIGRATION BY EXTRAPOLATION OF TIME‐DEPENDENT BOUNDARY VALUES*

Migration of an observed zero-offset wavefield can be performed as the solution of a boundary value problem in which the data are extrapolated backward in time. This concept is implemented through a finite-difference solution of the two-dimensional acoustic wave equation. All depths are imaged simultaneously at time 0 (the imaging condition), and all dips (right up to vertical) are correctly migrated. Numerical examples illustrate this technique in both constant and variable velocity media.
Micronutrient Availability as Affected by the Long-Term Application of Phosphorus Fertilizer and Organic Amendments

Micronutrient availability is important to crop production and can be aff ected by long-term application of P and organic amendments. Th is study was conducted to determine the eff ects of the long-term application of diff erent sources and rates of P application on extractable (DTPA-sorbitol (diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid and sorbitol) micronutrients. Soil extractable and total micronutrients (B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, and Zn), pH, and organic matter con- tent were determined from sites across Oklahoma that had received long-term applications of beef manure, swine effl uent, biosolids, or commercial fertilizer. Th ree continuous inorganic P experiments that had been conducted for 36 to 39 yr and three organic P experiments that had been conducted for 11 to 12 yr were evaluated. Th e long-term application of inorganic P had little eff ect on micronutrient availability. However, long-term application of biosolids signifi cantly (p < 0.05) increased extractable Cu, Fe, Mo, and Zn in soil, while long-term application of beef manure signifi cantly increased all the micronutrients evaluated. Similarly, the long-term application of swine effl uent signifi - cantly increased extractable B, Cu, Mo, and Zn in soil. Th e addition of micronutrients from organic amendments increased micronutrient availability, while long-term inorganic P application had little eff ect. Th e result of our study indicates organic amendments make an ideal fertilizer source for areas with micronutrient defi ciencies.
A game-theoretical model of kleptoparasitic behaviour in an urban gull ( Laridae ) 1 population

19 Kleptoparasitism (food stealing) is a significant behaviour for animals that forage in social 20 groups as it permits some individuals to obtain resources whilst avoiding the costs of 21 searching for their own food. Evolutionary game theory has been used to model 22 kleptoparasitism, with a series of differential equation based compartmental models 23 providing significant theoretical insights into behaviour in kleptoparasitic populations. In this 24 paper we apply this compartmental modelling approach to kleptoparasitic behaviour in a real 25 foraging population of urban gulls (Laridae). Field data was collected on kleptoparasitism 26 and a model developed that incorporated the same kleptoparasitic and defensive strategies 27 available to the study population. Two analyses were conducted: 1. An assessment of whether 28 the density of each behaviour in the population was at an equilibrium. 2. An investigation of 29 whether individual foragers were using Evolutionarily Stable Strategies (ESS) in the correct 30 environmental conditions. The results showed the density of different behaviours in the 31 population could be at an equilibrium at plausible values for handling time and fight duration. 32 Individual foragers used aggressive kleptoparasitic strategies effectively in the correct 33 environmental conditions but some individuals in those same conditions failed to defend food 34 items. This was attributed to the population being composed of three species that differed in 35 competitive ability. These competitive differences influenced the strategies that individuals 36 were able to use. Rather than gulls making poor behavioural decisions these results suggest a 37 more complex three-species model is required to describe the behaviour of this population. 38
Analysis of asymmetric multipathing with a generalization of the double-beam method

An array method integrating source and receiver array beamforming is presented. The method is a generalization of previous work (Krüger et al., 1993) to independent variation of slowness and azimuth in both the source and the receiver array. Compared to the analysis capabilities of a single array, the resolution is enhanced, and asymmetric scattering configurations and multipathing can be studied. The generalized double-beam method (DBM) is applied to a data set consisting of nuclear explosions detonated in Eastern Kazakhstan and recorded at the Yellowknife array in Northern Canada. The multipathing found for PcP and PdP is interpreted in terms of lateral inhomogeneity in the lowermost mantle below Severnaya Zemlya. Indications for Rayleigh-to-P-wave scattering observed for the Shagan River and Degelen subsites of the former main test site of the USSR in Eastern Kazakhstan can be related to the structure in the vicinity of the two subsites.
University of Birmingham Almost minimal systems and periodicity in hyperspaces

Given a self-map of a compact metric space X , we study periodic points of the map induced on the hyperspace of closed non-empty subsets of X . We give some necessary conditions on admissible sets of periods for these maps. Seemingly unrelated to this, we construct an almost totally minimal homeomorphism of the Cantor set. We also apply our theory to give a full description of admissible period sets for induced maps of the interval maps. The description of admissible periods is also given for maps induced on symmetric products.
The Comparative Study of Thermoelectric Properties in Sb 2 Si 2 Te 6 and Bi 2 Si 2 Te 6

: The charge carrier transport and corresponding thermoelectric properties are often affected by several parameters, necessitating a thorough comparative study for a profound understanding of the detailed conduction mechanism. Here, as a model system, we compare the electronic transport properties of two layered semiconductors, Sb 2 Si 2 Te 6 and Bi 2 Si 2 Te 6 . Both materials have similar grain sizes and morphologies, yet their conduction characteristics are significantly different. We found that phase-boundary scattering can be one of the main factors for in Bi 2 Si 2 Te 6 to experience significant charge carrier scattering whereas Sb 2 Si 2 Te 6 is relatively unaffected by the phenomenon. Furthermore, extensive point-defect scattering in Sb 2 Si 2 Te 6 significantly reduces its lattice thermal conductivity and results in high zT values across a broad temperature range. These findings provide novel insights into electron transport within these materials and should lead to strategies for further improving their thermoelectric performance.
On the Functional Test of Branch Prediction Units

Branch prediction units (BPUs) are highly efficient modules that can significantly decrease the negative impact of branches in pipelined processors. Traditional test solutions, mainly based on Design for Testability techniques, are often inadequate to tackle specific test constraints, such as those found when incoming inspection or online test is considered. Following a functional approach based on running a suitable test program and checking the processor behavior may represent an alternative solution, provided that an effective test algorithm is available for the target unit. In this paper, a functional approach targeting the test of the BPU memory is proposed, which leads to the generation of suitable test programs whose effectiveness is independent of the specific implementation of the BPU. Two very common BPU architectures (branch history table and branch target buffer) are considered. The effectiveness of the approach is validated resorting to an open-source computer architectural simulator. Experimental results show that the proposed method is able to thoroughly test the BPU memory, allowing to transform whichever March algorithm into a corresponding test program; we also provide both theoretical and experimental proofs that the memory and execution time requirements grow linearly with the BPU size.
Scientific and social challenges for the management of fire-prone wildland–urban interfaces

At their worst, fires at the rural–urban or wildland–urban interface cause tragic loss of human lives and homes, but mitigating these fire effects through management elicits many social and scientific challenges. This paper addresses four interconnected management challenges posed by socially disastrous landscape fires. The issues concern various assets (particularly houses, human life and biodiversity), fuel treatments, and fire and human behaviours. The topics considered are: ‘asset protection zones’; ‘defensible space’ and urban fire spread in relation to house ignition and loss; ‘stay-or-go’ policy and the prediction of time available for safe egress and the possible conflict between the creation of defensible space and wildland management objectives. The first scientific challenge is to model the effective width of an asset protection zone of an urban area. The second is to consider the effect of vegetation around a house, potentially defensible space, on fire arrival at the structure. The third scientific challenge is to present stakeholders with accurate information on rates of spread, and where the fire front is located, so as to allow them to plan safe egress or preparation time in their particular circumstances. The fourth scientific challenge is to be able to predict the effects of fires on wildland species composition. Associated with each scientific challenge is a social challenge: for the first two scientific challenges the social challenge is to co-ordinate fuel management within and between the urban and rural or wildland sides of the interface. For the third scientific challenge, the social challenge is to be aware of, and appropriately use, fire danger information so that the potential for safe egress from a home can be estimated most accurately. Finally, the fourth social challenge is to for local residents of wildland–urban interfaces with an interest in biodiversity conservation to understand the effects of fire regimes on biodiversity, thereby assisting hard-pressed wildland managers to make informed choices.
Molecular Metamorphosis in Transcriptional Regulation

Lüking, M. 2023. Molecular Metamorphosis in Transcriptional Regulation. Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 2299. 73 pp. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. ISBN 978-91-513-1882-0. The foundation of all life is the interaction of molecules. Molecular interaction occurs in the tightly packed cytoplasm. In this crowded environment, the molecules need to be able to establish stable interactions with specific interaction partners, and with specific ones only. Selectivity is essential for transcriptional regulation where DNA-binding proteins, more specifically transcription factors, need to reach their respective target DNA, such as an operator sequence, quickly. The transcription factor LacI for example reaches its DNA operator within minutes and establishes a tight interaction to it that will block transcriptions of the genes it regulates. With the other millions of sequences in the bacterial chromosome, it interacts only fleetingly. This is possible because a small part of the protein is disordered during the transient interaction with non-operator DNA. Only with specific DNA will the folding of the disordered region into a rigid helix be favored. When the disordered region folds into a helix, the transcription factor changes its structure and, with it, its function from a weak DNA binder to a strong one. Thinking about molecular structures as dynamic entities that react to their environment and understanding the origins of structural metamorphosis allow us to predict changes in the protein sequence that will affect their behavior in the cellular context. This is demonstrated in this thesis where I study the structural dynamics of LacI with molecular dynamic simulations and use the insights from these simulations to design protein variants with changed binding stability and selectivity.
The impact of music on athletes’ motivation

1 List of Tables . 3 List of Figures . 3 1 LITERATURE REVIEW . 7 1.1 A General Overview of Motivation . 7 1.1.1 Theories of Motivation . 9 1.1.2 Factors Influencing Motivation . 19 1.1.3 Motivation in Sports . 20 1.2 Motivation in the Context of Music and Athleticism . 23 1.3 Psychological and Physical Impacts of Music . 27 1.4 Music Tempo . 29 1.5 Preference and Choice of Music . 30 2 METHODOLOGY . 33 2.1 Study design . 33 2.2 Measures . 33 2.3 Analysis and Results . 34 3 RESULTS . 35 4 GENERAL DISCUSSION . 39 4.1 Practical implications . 40 4.2 Theoretical contributions . 41 4.3 Future research directions . 42 5 CONCLUSION . 43 Bibliography . 44 Appendices . 51 Appendix 1: Survey . 51