Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Review of Policy Analysis: Gender Equality in Saudi Arabia’s Mental Health Policy

This study employs the Walt and Gilson Policy Triangle Method to analyse the mental health policy in Saudi Arabia and explore the position of gender equality within the content context, process and development of mental health. Four relevant articles were reviewed, focusing on policy development, legislation, human rights, financing, organisational integration, and women's mental health challenges. The national mental health policy in Saudi Arabia highlights access to care, quality of services, awareness, prevention, and family support, with 4% of the healthcare budget allocated to mental health services. However, gender-specific needs and experiences of women may need to be adequately addressed. Contextual factors such as cultural norms, religious beliefs, and gender segregation shape mental health policy in Saudi Arabia. The process of policy development involves collaboration between the Ministry of Health and various stakeholders, incorporating international guidelines. The study also underlines the Transformational Plan of Saudi Vision 2030 and its influence on mental health policy. However, gender equality actions are not explicitly addressed in the current policies. The research shows the need for comprehensive policy improvements to ensure gender equality in mental health care and provide appropriate support for women's mental health needs in Saudi Arabia.
Wolf attacks on livestock, and its impact on attitudes towards wolves in Sweden

Conflicts between humans and wildlife are a problem in todays society. An important factor in this conflict is predation on livestock by mammalian carnivores. In Sweden this conflict is mainly focused on wolves (Canis lupus) and how people perceive wolves. The main prey for wolves in Sweden is the moose (Alces alces), but predation on livestock also occurs. Attitudes towards wolves are influenced by a number of things. Proximity, social group, education, if the person is a hunter or not and negative experience are factors that can influence attitudes. Negative experience could be an important factor due to non-consumptive effects. Non-consumptive effects are indirect effects on a prey animal in response to the presence of a predator. These effects could result in weight loss, impaired reproduction, stress and vulnerability to infections in the affected animal. All this could lead to economic losses for the livestock owner and may result in a negative attitude. The aim of this study was to assess if positive attitudes towards wolves could be influenced by the number of attacked animals in Sweden between the years 2004 and 2009. The aim was also to discuss other factors that could influence attitudes and if non-consumptive effects could be of importance. The results showed that the positive attitudes on a national level had increased as had the number of attacked animals. In most of the counties with established predator populations the positive attitudes had decreased while the number of attacked animals had increased. However, the number of attacked animals in these counties fluctuated and did not seem to be in accordance with the attitudes. The results indicated that the number of attacked animals was not a strong factor in determining attitudes, and that other factors seem to be of more importance. Other factors could be proximity, since in the counties with more than one wolf territory the attitudes had decreased; social group, people in ones surrounding have an influence on your opinions, and/or if the respondent is a hunter; hunters and wolves compete over game. Non-consumptive effects could also be a factor since livestock owners in Sweden do not get compensation for this. Since non-consumptive effects could result in greater economic losses than direct effects there are reason to believe that non-consumptive effects influence the owners attitudes. One solution to this could be to start compensating for non-consumptive effects, but more research is needed before this becomes relevant.
Geology of the Winnett-Mosby area, Petroleum, Garfield, Rosebud, and Fergus Counties, Montana

The Winnett-Mosby area contains about 833 square miles in central Montana, mostly in Petroleum and Garfield Counties; it also includes about 14 square miles in northern Rosebud County and 5 square miles in eastern Fergus County. The area is 49 miles in length from east to west and ranges in width from 12 miles at the north and south ends to 24 miles near the middle in the vicinity of the Musselshell River. The Musselshell River flows north across the eastern part of the area through a deep, rather narrow, steep-sided valley, which is bordered in part on the west by broad terraces. Across the eastern part of the area, a line of steep ridges makes a narrow, V-shaped band, the apex of which is to the east. North of the ridges, in the Musselshell Valley, the country is rough badlands, and east of the ridges it is an uneven sagebrush-covered plain. Prominent westward-facing cuestas cross the country west of the Musselshell River, and a broad rolling upland underlies the southern part of the area. Several small buttes rise 200 to 300 feet above the surrounding plains southwest of Winnett. Sedimentary rocks exposed in the Winnett-Mosby area are Cretaceous in age and have a thickness of 4,800 feet. A deep well has penetrated about 3, 700 feet of strata below the stratigraphically lowest outcropping beds. The unexposed strata range in age from Cambrian through Jurassic, excluding rocks of Silurian, Permian, and Triassic age which have not been identified in this part of Montana. The exposed sequence consists of eight formations, one of which, the Colorado shale, is divided into nine members. The Carlile member of the Colorado shale is further divided into four mappable lithologic units. Outcropping Lower Cretaceous rocks are represented by four members of the Colorado shale. In ascending order, these are the lower sandstone, Skull Creek, unnamed sandy, and Mowry members. The lower sandstone member, about 70 feet thick, forms prominent dip slopes on the west side of the area. Overlying the lower sandstone member is 175 feet of dark shale and thin yellowish-brown sandstone of the Skull Creek member. The lower sandy part of the Skull Creek in the subsurface is informally called the Dakota silt. The unnamed sandy member is about 415 feet thick and consists principally of gray sandy shale and thin glauconitic and locally ferruginous sandstone. This member may be equivalent to the Newcastle sandstone of the Black Hills. Overlying the unnamed sandy member is 200 feet of the Mowry member, the uppermost unit of Early Cretaceous age. It consists of thin very siliceous sandstone interlaminated with shale and weathers to resistant bare silver-gray outcrops. The remaining part of the Colorado shale includes five members of Late Cretaceous age, which are from oldest to youngest, the Belle Fourche, Mosby sandstone, calcareous shale, Carlile, and Niobrara members. The Belle Fourche member
Implantable Intracranial Pressure Sensor with Continuous Bluetooth Transmission via Mobile Application

Hydrocephalus is a clinical disorder caused by excessive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) buildup in the ventricles of the brain, often requiring permanent CSF diversion via an implanted shunt system. Such shunts are prone to failure over time; an ambulatory intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring device may assist in the detection of shunt failure without an invasive diagnostic workup. Additionally, high resolution, noninvasive intracranial pressure monitoring will help in the study of diseases such as normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) and idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). We propose an implantable, continuous, rechargeable ICP monitoring device that communicates via Bluetooth with mobile applications. The design requirements were met at the lower ICP ranges; the obtained error fell within the idealized ±2 mmHg margin when obtaining pressure values at or below 20 mmHg. The error was slightly above the specified range at higher ICPs (±10% from 20–100 mmHg). The system successfully simulates occlusions and disconnections of the proximal and distal catheters, valve failure, and simulation of A and B ICP waves. The mobile application accurately detects the ICP fluctuations that occur in these physiologic states. The presented macro-scale prototype is an ex-vivo model of an implantable, rechargeable ICP monitoring system that has the potential to measure clinically relevant ICPs and wirelessly provide accessible and continuous data to aid in the workup of shunt failure.
Vowel Blindness and Gender: The Case of ESL Learners at the University of Jeddah

Because vocabulary knowledge is considered the building block of language learning, any difficulties concerned with vocabulary can harm the overall vocabulary acquisition process. Literature suggests that native Arabic speakers struggle to notice vowels while reading English texts. This can result from the differences between L1 and L2 linguistic systems or the negative transfer of L1 processing routines to the L2 in their attempt to process the L2 forms. This study investigates this problem and whether gender affects this phenomenon or not. It used a test on Twenty-eight participants to examine the effect of gender on vowel blindness, which type of vowels (short or long vowels) are more problematic, and the kinds of vowel spelling errors that are easily noticed when processing vowels. The results showed that gender does not affect vowel blindness in a significant way. In other words, the overall results showed that the role of gender cannot be considered to have a significant effect. Thus, male and female students both struggled to deal with short vowels equally. However, males also showed difficulties regarding the long vowels. The research also revealed that missing vowel spelling errors are salient and more likely to be noticed while processing vowels for both genders.
BALB/c and C57BL/6 mouse strains influence gastric function outcomes with administration of cisplatin and dexamethasone

Our aim was to evaluate the effects of cisplatin and dexamethasone alone and combined on gastric contractility and histomorphometry of BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. BALB/c and C57BL/6 male mice (8-week-old) were randomly separated into: Control; Cisplatin (7.5 mg/Kg); Dexamethasone (2.0 mg/Kg); and Dexamethasone plus Cisplatin (2.0 mg/Kg of dexamethasone 1-hour prior to 7.5 mg/Kg of cisplatin). Drugs were administered intraperitoneally for three days. Body weight and food intake were evaluated on 2nd day. Alternating Current Biosusceptometry technique was employed to measure gastric contractions on 3rd day. Afterward, mice were killed for gastric histomorphometric analysis. Cisplatin decreased food intake and caused bradygastria in BALB/c mice; however, the amplitude of gastric contractions decreased in both BALB/c and C57BL/6. Dexamethasone and cisplatin combined restored the gastric frequency and food intake only in BALB/c, but drug combination reduced the gastric amplitude of contractions in both strains. Dexamethasone alone increased gastric mucosa thickness in C57BL/6 and decreased muscular thickness in BALB/c. In conclusion, the mouse strains presented differences in acute effects of cisplatin and dexamethasone alone and combined on gastric function. This reinforces the importance of choosing the appropriate mouse strain for studying the acute effects of drugs on the gastrointestinal tract.
Postcraniometric analysis of ancestry among modern South Africans

The primary role of a physical anthropologist is to provide sufficient information to assist in the individualisation of unknown skeletal remains. This is often achieved in establishing a biological profile of the deceased, of which ancestry is an essential aspect. Several successful osteometric and morphological approaches have been developed to facilitate the estimation of ancestry from the cranium. However, the cranium is not always available for analysis, emphasising a need for postcranial alternatives. The postcranial skeleton is frequently labelled as too variable and unreliable to provide an accurate assessment of ancestry. Yet, numerous studies utilise the postcrania for sex and stature estimation, where the a priori knowledge of ancestry results in higher accuracy. Thus, the presence of postcranial differences among populations when investigating other biological parameters inherently demonstrates the potential for the estimation of ancestry. The purpose of this study was to quantify postcranial variation among modern, peer-reported black, white and coloured South Africans. A series of 39 standard measurements were taken from 11 postcranial bones, namely the clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, sacrum, pelvis, femur, tibia, fibula and calcaneus. The sample consisted of 360 modern South African individuals (120 black, 120 white, 120 coloured) from the Pretoria Bone and Kirsten Collections housed at the University of Pretoria and the University of Stellenbosch, respectively. Group differences were explored with ANOVA and Tukey’s honestly significant difference test (HSD). Group means were used to create univariate sectioning points for each variable indicated as significant with ANOVA. Where two of the three groups had similar mean values, the groups were pooled for the creation of the sectioning points. Multivariate classification models were employed using linear and flexible discriminant analysis (LDA and FDA, respectively). Classification accuracies were compared to evaluate which model yielded the best results. The results demonstrated variable patterns of group overlap. Black and coloured South Africans displayed similar means for breadth measurements, and black and white South Africans showed similar means for the maximum length of distal limb elements. The majority of group variation is attributed to differences in size and robusticity, where white South Africans are overall larger and more robust than black and coloured South Africans. Accuracies for the univariate sectioning points ranged from 43% to 87%, with iliac breadth performing the best. However, the majority of the univariate sectioning points can only classify individuals into two groups rather than three because of similar group means. Multivariate bone models created using all measurements per bone resulted in accuracies
The Hatching Time of Broiler Chickens Modifies Not Only the Production Traits but Also the Early Bacteriota Development of the Ceca

Simple Summary Chicken meat is one of the main protein sources of animal origin worldwide and its production has been increasing steadily. These chickens have huge growth potential and a short production period, so all the factors that affect the vitality of day-old birds are getting more and more important. An other important issue in animal production is the decreased use of antibiotics to stabilize the bacteriota composition of the gut. In this article, the effects of parent flocks with different ages and the hatching time of the chickens were evaluated according to the production parameters, hatchability, and gut bacteriota composition of chickens. From the results, it can be concluded that the live weight of day-old chickens is crucial because it determines the growth rate of birds for the whole fattening period. Different parent flocks had no effect, but the hatching time modified the bacterium composition of the ceca at day 11. The reason for this could be the differences in the bacteriota colonization in the hatcher and the feed and water access between the early- and late-hatched chickens. Abstract This trial was carried out to find out the effects of the parent flock and hatching time of broiler chickens on the production traits and bacteriota development of animals. Two sets of 730 hatching eggs were collected from two different parent flocks with ages of 25 and 50 weeks. In the hatchery, both groups were divided into two subgroups: those hatched during the first 10 and the subsequent 10 h of the hatching window. A feeding trial was carried out afterwards, using the four treatments in six replicate floor pens and feeding commercial starter, grower, and finisher diets that contained all the nutrients according to the breeder’s recommendations. The day-old chickens of the older parent flock and those hatched later were heavier, and this advantage remained until the end of the production period. The different ages and origins of the parent flocks failed to modify the microbiological parameters of the chicken’s ceca; however, the hatching time significantly influenced the different bacteriota diversity indices: the late-hatched chickens showed higher Bacteroidetes and lower Firmicutes and Actinobacteria abundances at day 11. These treatments resulted in differences in the main families, Ruminococcaceae, Lactobacillaceae, and Bacteroidaceae. These differences could not be found at day 39.
The Effectiveness of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy in Lower Limb Tendinopathy

Background: There is accumulating evidence for the effectiveness of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) when treating lower limb tendinopathies including greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS), patellar tendinopathy (PT), and Achilles tendinopathy (AT). Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of ESWT for lower limb tendinopathies. Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: PubMed (Medline), Embase, Web of Knowledge, Cochrane, and CINAHL were searched from inception to February 2013 for studies of any design investigating the effectiveness of ESWT in GTPS, PT, and AT. Citation tracking was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar. Animal and non–English language studies were excluded. A quality assessment was performed by 2 independent reviewers, and effect size calculations were computed when sufficient data were provided. Results: A total of 20 studies were identified, with 13 providing sufficient data to compute effect size calculations. The energy level, number of impulses, number of sessions, and use of a local anesthetic varied between studies. Additionally, current evidence is limited by low participant numbers and a number of methodological weaknesses including inadequate randomization. Moderate evidence indicates that ESWT is more effective than home training and corticosteroid injection in the short (<12 months) and long (>12 months) term for GTPS. Limited evidence indicates that ESWT is more effective than alternative nonoperative treatments including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, physical therapy, and an exercise program and equal to patellar tenotomy surgery in the long term for PT. Moderate evidence indicates that ESWT is more effective than eccentric loading for insertional AT and equal to eccentric loading for midportion AT in the short term. Additionally, there is moderate evidence that combining ESWT and eccentric loading in midportion AT may produce superior outcomes to eccentric loading alone. Conclusion: Extracorporeal shock wave therapy is an effective intervention and should be considered for GTPS, PT, and AT particularly when other nonoperative treatments have failed.
Untargeted LC-MS metabolomics reveals the metabolic responses in olive flounder subjected to hirame rhabdovirus infection

Hirame novirhabdovirus (HIRRV), which mainly infects the olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), is considered to be one of the most serious viral pathogens threatening the global fish culture industry. However, little is known about the mechanism of host-pathogen interactions at the metabolomic level. In this study, in order to explore the metabolic response of olive flounder to HIRRV infection, liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to detect the changes of endogenous compounds of the olive flounder after HIRRV infection. A total of 954 unique masses were obtained, including 495 metabolites and 459 lipids. Among them, 7 and 173 qualified differential metabolites were identified at 2 days and 7 days post-infection, respectively. Distinct metabolic profiles were observed along with viral infection. At the early stage of infection, only a few metabolites were perturbed. Among them, the level of inosine and carnosine were increased and the potential antiviral ability of these two metabolites was further confirmed by exogenous addition experiment. At the late stage of HIRRV infection, the metabolic profiles changed remarkably. The changes in amino acids and nucleotides especially the 7-methylguanine also accelerated the amplification of viral particles. And the down-regulation of glutathione (GSH) implied an elevated level of ROS (reactive oxygen species) that attenuated the immune system of flounders. HIRRV also induced the accumulation of purine and reduction of pyrimidine, and elevated LPC and LPE levels. The unbalanced purine/pyrimidine and altered lipid profile may be beneficial for the replication and infection of HIRRV at the late stage of infection. These findings provide new insights into the pathogenic mechanism of HIRRV infection in olive flounder.
Stock Exchange Price Prediction Using Linear Regression Model

Stock markets are more important to institutions where daily trades. In these trades, millions and billions of dollars are involved. Most of the peoples are investing as a quick way to boost their bank accounts, while others take a more conventional strategy to do so in order to gain long-term rewards. The primary objective of this paper is to create a pattern from past data in order to give an approximate predicting output and a general idea of future values. Several areas, including risk management, consumer data overview, fraud prevention, and stock market projections are use machine learning algorithms. Algorithms for anticipating market values and trends are much more well-known than before in the time of immense and dynamic data. The main aspect of accurate forecasting of stock prices is a high level of detail. We gathered data from the Yahoo Stock Market for two years and offered a detailed customization of feature engineering and machine learning-based models for forecasting stock market price trends. Financial data such as stock open, high, low, and close rates are used as inputs to the model. Many types of regression models are their but in this document are implemented Linear Regression Model using straight forward technique to predict the stock price of the commodity to find the future 5 days closing price of the stocks. The proposed Linear regression (LR) gives the highest performance with an accuracy of 92% than existing model.
Magma Ocean Formation Due to Giant Impacts: The Effect of the Planet's Thermal State Before the Collision

Introduction. The consequences of giant impacts on the initial chemical and thermal state of the terrestrial planets are just now being explored. One likely outcome is the formation of a magma ocean (Melosh, 1990; Benz and Cameron, 1990; Stevenson, 1987). These authors speculate that the impact melts most of the planet but make no quantitative estimates. We constructed a semianalytical model that estimates the volume of impact melt produced in a large collision (Tonks and Melosh, 1991a). We used our model to estimate the melt volume produced by a giant impact and estimated the depth of magma oceans that are created as a result (Tonks and Melosh, 1991b). We implicitly assumed that the material is near Earth's present surface conditions. However, large planets are plausibly near the solidus temperature due to accretional heating before a giant impact occurs. If so, the impact does not have to provide the energy required to heat the material from cold conditions to the solidus. Consequently, our earlier estimates are probably too conservative. In this work, we examine the effect of initial temperature on the melting pressure and revise our earlier estimates of the melt volume and magma ocean depths generated by giant impacts.