Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FATE OF STAPHYLOCOCCI WITHIN HUMAN LEUKOCYTES* Bx MARIAN ANN MELLY,

In 1894 Van de Velde reported studies from which he concluded that "virulent" staphylococci were not readily destroyed by rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes, while "attenuated" strains were killed rapidly following phagocytosis (1). Studies from our laboratory and elsewhere have supported this observation and have suggested that pathogenic strains survive for long periods within the cytoplasm of phagocytic cells obtained from different animals and man (2-5). In more recent work, Cohn and Morse demonstrated that pathogenic strains of staphylococci are ingested by rabbit granulocytes only in the presence of specific antistaphylococcal opsonins (6). These studies, in contrast to our own, also suggested that pathogenic strains were destroyed as rapidly as non-pathogenic strains once phagocytosis had taken place. Review of the different methods used in studies of staphylococcal-phagocytic cell interactions suggested that these conflicting findings might result from the use of large populations of human or animal leukocytes and staphylococci in the conduct of experiments on phagocytosis. To date, the fate of individual staphylococci ingested by individual leukocytes has not been systematically explored. The techniques developed by Dr. Armine Wilson in his studies on the phagocytosis and intracellular behavior of streptococci seemed ideally suited to give direct answers to certain questions relating to the phagocytosis of staphylococci (7). These questions were: 1. Are there detectable differences in the intracellular fate of pathogenic and non-pathogenic staphylococci? 2. If pathogenic staphylococci survive within cells, is this property related to their ability to damage leukocytes?
Running head: Isopropylmalate synthase in acylsugar biosynthesis

Acylsugars are insecticidal specialized metabolites produced in the glandular 54 trichomes of plants in the Solanaceae family. In the tomato clade of the Solanum 55 genus, acylsugars consist of aliphatic acids of different chain lengths esterified to 56 sucrose, or less frequently to glucose. Through LC-MS screening of introgression 57 lines (ILs), we previously identified a region of chromosome 8 in the Solanum 58 pennellii LA0716 genome (IL8-1/8-1-1) that causes cultivated tomato to shift from 59 producing acylsucroses with abundant 3-methylbutanoic acid (iC5) acyl chains 60 derived from Leu metabolism, to 2-methylpropanoic acid (iC4) acyl chains derived 61 from Val metabolism. We describe multiple lines of evidence implicating a trichome- 62 expressed gene from this region as playing a role in this shift. Solanum lycopersicum 63 M82 SlIPMS3 (Solyc08g014230) encodes a functional end product 64 inhibition-insensitive version of the committing enzyme of Leu biosynthesis, 65 isopropylmalate synthase (IPMS) missing the carboxy-terminal 160 amino acids. In 66 contrast, the S. pennellii LA0716 IPMS3 allele found in IL8-1/8-1-1 encodes a 67 non-functional truncated IPMS protein. M82 transformed with an SlIPMS3 RNAi 68 construct exhibited an acylsugar profile similar to that of IL8-1-1, whereas expression 69 of SlIPMS3 in IL8-1-1 partially restored the M82 acylsugar phenotype. These IPMS3 70 alleles are polymorphic in 14 S. pennellii accessions spread throughout the 71 geographical range of occurrence for this species, and are associated with acylsugars 72 containing varying amounts of iC4 and iC5 acyl chains. and microbial IPMSs that function in Leu biosynthesis in that it has a C-terminal deletion that renders the protein insensitive to feedback inhibition by Leu without causing the loss of enzymatic activity. The S. pennellii LA0716 IPMS3 protein has a larger C-terminal deletion that eliminates in vitro IPMS activity and causes the protein to be defective in the yeast two-hybrid protein-protein interaction assay. This enzymatically inactive allele was found to be homozygous in LA0716 and other S. pennellii accessions that accumulate large amounts of iC4 acyl chains in their acylsugars. In contrast, S. pennellii with higher iC5 acyl chains contain at least one copy of the enzymatically active IPMS3 allele. These results indicate that a relatively simple change in IPMS structure and function can cause dramatic changes in the types 179 of acylsugar acyl chains that accumulate in tomato. These findings have implications for understanding of insect defense in natural populations and approaches to traditional breeding and transgenic manipulation of insect resistance in crop plants.
C-Reactive Protein Causes Downregulation of Vascular Angiotensin Subtype 2 Receptors and Systolic Hypertension in Mice Hypertension

Background —Chronic elevations in circulating C-reactive protein (CRP) are associated with a greater risk of hypertension. Whether elevations in CRP cause hypertension is unknown. Methods and Results —Chronic, conscious blood pressure (BP) measurements were performed by radiotelemetry in wild-type CF1 control and CF1 transgenic mice expressing rabbit CRP (CF1-CRP) under the regulation of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase promoter. Compared with controls, CF1-CRP mice had hypertension that was predominantly systolic, and the severity of hypertension varied in parallel with changes in CRP levels modulated by dietary manipulation. Mice that were hemizygous for the transgene with CRP levels of 9 (cid:1) g/mL were also hypertensive, indicating that modest elevations in CRP are sufficient to alter BP. CRP transgenic mice had exaggerated BP elevation in response to angiotensin II and a reduction in vascular angiotensin receptor subtype 2 (AT 2 ) expression. In contrast, the decline in BP with angiotensin receptor subtype 1 (AT 1 ) antagonism and vascular AT 1 abundance were unaltered, which indicates a selective effect of CRP on AT 2 . Ex vivo experiments further showed that the CRP-induced decrease in AT 2 is a direct effect on the vascular wall, not requiring systemic responses, and that it is reversed by an NO donor, which indicates a role for NO deficiency in the process. In parallel, the chronic inhibition of NO synthase in wild-type mice attenuated vascular AT 2 expression without affecting AT 1 . Experiments were performed in CF1-CRP mice that express a transgene consisting of the protein-coding region of the rabbit CRP gene linked to the promoter/regulatory region of the rat phosphoenol- pyruvate carboxykinase gene. 6 Additional details, including the manipulation of transgene expression by diet, 6 are in the online-only Data Supplement. and they reveal a novel series of mechanisms linking a circulating factor that rises with chronic inflammation, obesity, and aging to NO and renin–angiotensin regulation of blood pressure. In addition, we have identified a new model for isolated systolic hypertension, which is the most common form of hypertension in humans after the age of 50 years. We propose that the modulation of these mechanisms may ultimately be used to combat certain forms of hypertension.
Incremental Face Recognition By Tagged Neural Cliques

—We present a system aimed at performing an incremental learning based on a neural network of tagged cliques for face recognition. A crucial component of the system is the network of neural tagged cliques. In its original version, cliques are a set of binary connections linking a set of fired neurons. Tagged cliques make it then possible to identify these cliques. The incremental learning is achieved through two phases: the first one is supervised by an oracle and the second one is automatic. Experimental results on the ORL (Olivetti Research Laboratory) face database pinpoint that incremental learning significantly reduces the number of features to store and yields substantial recognition rate improvement, in comparison with no incremental learning.
Output-Size Sensitive Algorithms For Constructive Problems In Computational Geometry

In computer science the efficiency of algorithms is usually measured in terms of the size of the input. The output size, on the other hand, has been used for this purpose rather infrequently, except in certain enumerative query problems. This thesis deals with several constructive (in contrast to query) problems in computational geometry and presents algorithms whose running time depends non-trivially on the output size. We present an algorithm that finds the convex hull on n points in the plane in worst case time O(nlogH), where H is the number of points that turn out to be vertices of the convex hull. We examine the d-dimensional maximal vector problem and show that as long as V, the number of maximal vectors in a set, is not too large, these maximal vectors can be found in time O(nlogV). We present an algorithm for solving the planar convex subdivision overlay problem in time proportional to the combined input and output size. Finally we show that, after some preprocessing in the form of linear programs, d-dimensional convex hulls can be constructed at logarithmic cost per face.
Baroreﬂex control of muscle sympathetic nerve activity after 120 days of 6° head-down bed rest

Baroreﬂex control of muscle sympathetic nerve activity after 120 days of 6° head-down bed rest. Am. J. Physiol. Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 278: R445– R452, 2000. —To examine how long-lasting microgravity simulated by 6° head-down bed rest (HDBR) induces changes in the baroreﬂex control of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) at rest and changes in responses of MSNA to orthostasis, six healthy male volunteers (range 26–42 yr) participated in Valsalva maneuver and head-up tilt (HUT) tests before and after 120 days of HDBR. MSNA was measured directly using a microneurographic technique. After long-term HDBR, resting supine MSNA and heart rate were augmented. The baroreﬂex slopes for MSNA during Valsalva maneuver (in supine position) and during 60° HUT test, determined by least-squares linear regression analysis, were signiﬁcantly steeper after than before HDBR, whereas the baroreﬂex slopes for R-R interval were signiﬁcantly ﬂatter after HDBR. The increase in MSNA from supine to 60° HUT was not different between before and after HDBR, but mean blood pressure decreased in 60° HUT after HDBR. In conclu-sion, the baroreﬂex control of MSNAwas augmented, whereas the same reﬂex control of R-R
A Study on Adopting Shadowing Technique to Improve Pronunciation Competence of Juniors Majoring in English at Ho Chi Minh university of Food Industry.

Because of the differences between English and Vietnamese pronunciation, occasionally it is hard for Vietnamese learners to pronounce English words correctly. Therefore, there have been a number of pronunciation learning methods introduced to English-majored students. Among them, shadowing technique has been likely to be used widely to develop pronunciation skill. This study aims to investigate the efficiency of applying shadowing technique to enhance Ho Chi Minh University of Food Industry learners English pronunciation ability. The study was conducted within the period of 1 week of 10 juniors majoring in English at HUFI. The data were evaluated by Elsa app in a hope to show how those students good on pronunciation after a week applying the Shadowing method. The technique might open up a new studying strategy in learning English pronunciation.
General and Speciﬁc Alterations in Programming of Global Viral Gene Expression during Infection by VP16 Activation-Deﬁcient Mutants of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1

During productive infection by herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), viral gene expression occurs in a temporally regulated cascade in which transcription of the viral immediate-early (IE) genes is strongly stimulated by the virion protein VP16. We have employed an oligonucleotide microarray to examine the effect of VP16 mutations on the overall pattern of viral gene expression following infection of HeLa cells. This microarray detects essentially all HSV-1 transcripts with relative and absolute levels correlating well with known kinetics of expression. This analysis revealed that deletion of the VP16 activation domain sharply reduced overall viral gene expression; moreover, the pattern of this reduced expression varied greatly from the pattern of a wild-type (wt) infection. However, when this mutant virus was delivered at a high multiplicity of infection or in the presence of the cellular stress inducer hexamethylene bisacetamide, expression was largely restored to the wt levels and pattern. Infection with virions that deliver wt VP16 protein at the start of infection but synthesize only truncated VP16 resulted in a normal kinetic cascade. This suggests that newly synthesized VP16 does not play a signiﬁcant role in the expression
Title Disentangling craving- and valence-driven brain responses to smoking cues in individuals with nicotine use disorder

Tobacco smoking is one of the leading causes of preventable death and disease worldwide. Most smokers want to quit, but relapse rates are high. To improve current smoking cessation treatments, a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of nicotine dependence and related craving behavior is needed. Studies on cue-driven cigarette craving have been a particularly useful tool for investigating the neural mechanisms of drug craving. Here, functional neuroimaging studies in humans have identified a core network of craving-related brain responses to smoking cues that comprises of amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, and ventral striatum. However, most functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) cue-reactivity studies do not adjust their stimuli for emotional valence, a factor assumed to confound craving-driven brain responses to smoking cues. Here, we investigated the influence of emotional valence on key addiction brain areas by disentangling craving- and valence-related brain responses with parametric modulators in 32 smokers. For one of the suggested key regions for addiction, the amygdala, we observed significantly stronger brain responses to the valence aspect of the presented images than to the craving aspect. Our results emphasize the need for carefully selecting stimulus material for cue-reactivity paradigms, in particular with respect to emotional valence. Further, they can help designing future research on teasing apart the diverse psychological dimensions that comprise nicotine dependence, and, therefore, can lead to a more precise mapping of craving-associated brain areas, an important step towards more tailored smoking cessation treatments.
The effect of semen collection interval on semen quality in frozen bull semen production

Semen collection management is effected on semen quality of bull semen production. The objective of this study was to com pare time interval of semen collection on fresh and frozen-thawed semen quality. The semen was collected from six Holstein Friesian bulls and Charolais bulls by using artificial vagina. The whole semen was divided into 2 groups: group 1: 5-day col lection interval; and group 2: 2-day collection interval. The semen quality of fresh and frozen-thawed semen was evaluated under microscopic examination, using computer assisted semen analysis. The results of fresh semen showed that the 5-day collection interval group had significantly higher semen volume and concentration than the 2-day collection interval group (P<0.01). Furthermore, the semen quality of frozen-thawed semen showed that the 5-day collection interval group had better functional membrane integrity than the 2-day collection interval group (P<0.01). In conclusion, a long time semen collection interval might be better with respect to semen volume, semen concentration, and functional integrity of sperm membrane than that of a short time semen collection interval.
Elicited by Nematode Parasites Development of Antigen-Specific Th2 T Cells IL-2 and Autocrine IL-4 Drive the In Vivo

The intestinal nematode parasite, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis , triggers potent type 2 immunity. Using OVA peptide as a model Ag, we have examined the adjuvant effects of this parasite on the in vivo development of Ag-speciﬁc Th2 cells from naive DO11.10 T cells. Our ﬁndings show that Th2 cells can develop from transferred naive OVA-speciﬁc DO11.10 T cells in recipient IL-4 (cid:1) / (cid:1) mice inoculated with N. brasiliensis plus OVA. However, autocrine IL-4 is required for in situ Th2 cell differentiation since transferred IL-4R (cid:2) -deﬁcient DO11.10 T cells showed greatly reduced Th2 cell development in inoculated IL-4 (cid:1) / (cid:1) recipient mice. Surprisingly, we also found that IL-2 blockade promoted B7-dependent T cell cycling, but inhibited the development of OVA-speciﬁc Th2 cells. Furthermore, the effects of IL-2 occurred independently of CD25 (cid:3) T regulatory cells. These studies establish a previously un-recognized requirement for autocrine IL-4 and IL-2 in Th2 responses elicited by nematode parasites. The Journal of Immunology, 2005, 174: 2242–2249.
MOLECULAR DETECTION OF EHRLICHIA SPECIES IN IXODIDAE TICKS AND RUMINANTS IN SELECTED LOCALITIES IN EGYPTIAN DESERT

Hard ticks are ectoparasites that infest animals, prompting severe transmittable infections. The aim of this study was identifying the presence of Ehrlichia spp. In ticks and their hosts from selected localities in Egypt. The 5223 adult ixodid ticks were collected from 270 ruminants; 110 camels, 120 sheep, and 40 cattle. Collected tick and animals’ blood were examined. The statistical analysis of incidence of Ehrlichia spp. Within both ticks spp. And the examined animal soap. Was highly significant. The highest infested incidence in tick (24%) was in Boophilusannulatus , Hylommadromedarii and Rhipicephalus sanguineus while the highest incidence of infection in animals was in camels (69.1%), followed by cattle (23.35%) and sheep (7.35%). The highest localities for ticks’ Ehrlichiosis (14.7%) were Bir Al-Abid, Dakhla Oasis, and Shalateen whereas Dakhla Oasis showed the highest animal ehrlichiosis incidence (21.47%) followed by Tina Plain (12.88%) and Shalateen (12.27%). The positive Ehrlichia spp. Sequence were 100% identical to those in Africa and Iran. To conclude, ehrlichiosis seems to be endemic with Zoonotic potentials in the examined regions. Moreover, host specificity and transmission, including tick carriers, are requiring further researches and should not be neglected.
Global Infinite Energy Solutions for the 2D Gravity Water Waves System

We prove global existence and a modified scattering property for the solutions of the 2D gravity water waves system in the infinite depth setting for a class of initial data, which is only required to be small above the level H˙1/5×H˙1/5+1/2 . No assumption is made below this level. Therefore, the nonlinear solution can have infinite energy. As a direct consequence, the momentum condition assumed on the physical velocity in all previous small energy results by Ionescu‐Pusateri, Alazard‐Delort, and Ifrim‐Tataru is removed. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Performance Analysis of Cloud Computing Environment and Comparision with IaaS model using CloudAnalyst

— Cloud computing is an advance technology which provides its resources, application and system software as a service to the end user following the pay as you go model. It can provide fly based quality of service using its infrastructure as a service. It is very difficult to the researcher and industry user to identify the performance of Internet based application using real cloud platform. So we use the tool to identify the performance of application so that we can easily deploy it on real cloud with minimum cost. We know that in cloud based application cost is associated with two parameter virtual machine and data transfer corresponding to the user base. Simulation tool is based on cloudsim preexisting tool kit which is the preference of every researcher to test the performance of cloud configuration. Data center is the main resource of the cloud which holds the computing and storage server with number of host machine. To run the applications on cloud we follow hear the task model i.e. we run the cloudlet gridlet(cloud task which include the user request user program etc.). For tool based simulation we inherit the implementation policy (Time shared and Space Shared) and provisioning technique at each level of resources in cloud environment. Over the cloud resource we use no of host with processing power measured in (MIPS) to run the application. i.e. faster the processing means greater the MIPS value of host at data center. Tool based simulation enables seamless modeling, simulation and experimentation of emerging cloud computing infrastructures and management service, Hence tool based simulation of cloud computing environment may help the users to access and deploy applications from anywhere in the world on demand at competitive cost depending on the users quality of service requirement.
Effect of laser irradiation on cell function and its implications in Raman 1 spectroscopy 2

Lasers are instrumental in advanced bioimaging and Raman spectroscopy. However, they are also 15 well known for their destructive effects on living organisms, leading to concerns about the adverse 16 effects of laser technologies. To implement Raman spectroscopy for cell analysis and manipulation, 17 such as Raman activated cell sorting, it is crucial to identify non-destructive conditions for living 18 cells. Here, we evaluated quantitatively the effect of 532 nm laser irradiation on bacterial cell fate 19 and growth at the single-cell level. Using a purpose-built microfluidic platform, we were able to 20 quantify the growth characteristics i.e. specific growth rate and lag time of individual cells as well 21 as the survival rate of a population in conjunction with Raman spectroscopy. Representative Gram- 22 negative and Gram-positive species show a similar trend in response to laser irradiation dose. Laser 23 irradiation could compromise physiological function of cells and the degree of destruction is both 24 dose and strain dependent, ranging from reduced cell growth to a complete loss of cell metabolic 25 activity and finally to physical disintegration. Gram-positive bacterial cells are more susceptible 26 than Gram-negative bacterial strains to irradiation-induced damage. By directly correlating Raman 27 acquisition with single cell growth characteristics, we provide evidence of non-destructive 28 characteristics of Raman spectroscopy on individual bacterial cells. However, while strong Raman 29 signals can be obtained without causing cell death, the variety of responses from different strains 30 and from individual cells justify careful evaluation of Raman acquisition conditions if cell viability 31 is critical. 32 33 IMPORTANCE In Raman spectroscopy, the use of powerful monochromatic light in laser-based 34 systems facilitates detection of the inherently weak signals. This allows environmentally and 35 clinically relevant microorganisms to be measured at the single cell level. The significance of being 36 able to perform Raman is that, unlike label-based fluorescence techniques, it provides a 37 “fingerprint” that is specific to the identity and state of any (unlabelled) sample. Thus, it has 38 emerged as a powerful method for studying living cells under physiological and environmental 39 conditions. However, the laser’s high power also has the potential to kill bacteria, which leads to 40 concerns. The research presented here is a quantitative evaluation that provides, a generic platform 41 and methodology to evaluate the effects of laser irradiation on individual bacterial cells. 42 Furthermore, it illustrates this by determining the conditions required to non-destructively measure 43 the spectra of representative bacteria from several different groups. 44