Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Evaporation and Condensation at Menisci on Apparent Thermal Slip

We semi-analytically capture the effects of evaporation and condensation at menisci on apparent thermal slip lengths for liquids suspended in the Cassie state on ridge-type structured surfaces using a conformal map and convolution. An isoflux boundary condition is prescribed at solid–liquid interfaces and a constant heat transfer coefficient or isothermal one at menisci. We assume that the gaps between ridges, where the vapor phase resides, are closed systems; therefore, the net rates of heat and mass transfer across menisci are zero. The reduction in apparent thermal slip length due to evaporation and condensation relative to the limiting case of an adiabatic meniscus as a function of solid fraction and interfacial heat transfer coefficient is quantified in a single plot. The semi-analytical solution method is verified by numerical simulation. Results suggest that interfacial evaporation and condensation need to be considered in the design of microchannels lined with structured surfaces for direct liquid cooling of electronics applications and a quantitative means to do so is elucidated. The result is a decrease in thermal resistance relative to the predictions of existing analyses which neglect them.
Signal Preprocessing for Heartbeat Detection Using Continuous-Wave Doppler Radar

A signal preprocessing method is proposed for effectively monitoring heartbeats from signals obtained using a continuous-wave (CW) Doppler radar. The proposed method consists of windowing with a size optimized for heartbeat detection, detrending to minimize the effect of dc drift, and data reconstruction to increase the fast Fourier transform (FFT) resolution. A window size of 3 s effectively extracts the heartbeat alone from the received signals of the CW radar, which comprised respiration, motion, and heartbeat signals. The effect of the low-frequency noise caused by the internal heat generation of hardware components is reduced by the detrending technique, and the low resolution of the FFT, due to a small number of samples, is improved through reconstruction by combining data from three windows. The signal-to-noise ratio of the measured waveform was improved to 5.83 dB using the proposed method in a 5.8-GHz CW radar. For the data acquired for 60 s, the proposed method showed a heartbeat detection accuracy of 95.8% by using a signal processing time 13% lower than that of the conventional method.
Experimental validation of a theoretical model of dual wavelength photoacoustic (PA) excitation in fluorophores

Fluorophores, such as exogenous dyes and genetically expressed proteins, exhibit radiative relaxation with long excited state lifetimes. This can be exploited for PA detection based on dual wavelength excitation using pump and probe wavelengths that coincide with the absorption and emission spectra, respectively. While the pump pulse raises the fluorophore to a long-lived excited state, simultaneous illumination with the probe pulse reduces the excited state lifetime due to stimulated emission (SE). This leads to a change in thermalized energy, and hence PA signal amplitude, compared to single wavelength illumination. By introducing a time delay between pump and probe pulses, the change in PA amplitude can be modulated. Since the effect is not observed in endogenous chromophores, it provides a contrast mechanism for the detection of fluorophores via PA difference imaging. In this study, a theoretical model of the PA signal generation in fluorophores was developed and experimentally validated. The model is based on a system of coupled rate equations, which describe the spatial and temporal changes in the population of the molecular energy levels of a fluorophore as a function of pump-probe energy and concentration. This allows the prediction of the thermalized energy distribution, and hence the time-resolved PA signal amplitude. The model was validated by comparing its predictions to PA signals measured in solutions of rhodamine 6G, a well-known laser dye, and Atto680, a NIR fluorophore.
Metal Crack Detection Sensor Based on Microstrip Antenna

A metal crack detection sensor based on a microstrip antenna is presented in this article to detect cracks hidden under the coating. Since the frequency offset of the microstrip antenna is caused by the disturbance of the current path by the metal surface crack, the crack width, depth, and length can be characterized by the frequency offset of the microstrip antenna. First, a dual-band microstrip antenna based on a transmission line coupling feed is employed to detect metal cracks. The simulation and measurement results verify that the sensor can detect the crack width, length, and depth. Second, the sensor has good scalability and can detect multiple cracks. Taking the triple-band sensor as a sample, it is verified that the sensor can be easily expanded to multiband for crack detection. This feature significantly improves detection efficiency. Finally, experimental results confirm that the sensor can detect large-area metal surface cracks, broadening its application scope.
Controller reduction with error performance: continuous- and discrete-time cases

This paper is concerned with the problem of controller reduction for linear systems. Both continuous- and discrete-time cases are considered, with necessary and sufficient conditions obtained for the existence of desired reduced order controllers. In solving this problem, two approaches are presented. The first approach is based on the projection lemma, where the admissible controllers can be parameterized after a set of conditions are satisfied; and the second one directly incorporates the controller matrices to be determined into a set of conditions by introducing new techniques, and thus no parameterization procedure is needed. These necessary and sufficient conditions are formulated in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) plus some equality constraints. Since these conditions are not convex, the cone complementarity linearization (CCL) idea is exploited to cast them into sequential minimization problems subject to LMI constraints, which can be readily solved by standard numerical software. A numerical example shows the effectiveness of the controller reduction methods.
Astronomical Applications of Distribution Shape Estimators

We present alternative measures to the classical coefficients of skewness and kurtosis, called the asymmetry and tail indices, for comparing the shapes of one-dimensional velocity distributions. We then apply these estimators to the Dressler and Shectman catalogues of clusters of galaxies to compare the dynamical evolution of these systems
Discontinuing Hepatitis Activity Reduced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Recurrence after Primary Curative Therapy

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tends to recur after curative treatment. This study aimed to identify the clinical factors associated with HCC recurrence after initial curative therapy. Methods: We retrospectively included patients with early stage HCC Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stages 0 and A who received curative surgical resection or local ablation at three different Chang Gung Memorial Hospitals in Taiwan (527 patients from Linkou, 150 patients from Keelung, and 127 patients from Chiayi) from 2000 to 2009. Pretreatment clinical data were subjected to univariate and multivariate logistic analyses to identify the risk factors for HCC recurrence within five years after the primary curative treatment. Recurrence and survival rates were assessed using Kaplan–Meier curves and log-rank tests. Results: Patients with a history of nucleoside analog or peg-interferon treatment for hepatitis B or hepatitis C infection had lower HCC recurrence rates than did those without such treatment. By contrast, alcohol drinking habits (p = 0.0049, hazard ratio (HR): 1.508, 95%CI: 1.133–2.009), a platelet count of < 14 × 104/μL (p = 0.003, HR: 1.533, 95%CI: 1.155–2.035), and a serum alanine aminotransferase level > 40 U/L (p = 0.0450, HR: 1.305, 95%CI: 1.006–1.694) were independent risk factors for HCC recurrence. The five-year HCC recurrence rates did not differ between patients who received either local radiofrequency ablation or surgical resection at BCLC stages 0 and A. Conclusions: Factors contributing to persistent hepatitis activity and advanced fibrosis precipitate tumor recurrence. Active intervention to discontinue liver injury or hepatitis could reduce HCC recurrence.
Venetoclax with decitabine or azacitidine in the first‐line treatment of acute myeloid leukemia

Treatment paradigms for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have evolved at a rapid pace in recent years. The combination of venetoclax with a hypomethylating agent prolonged survival in clinical trials when compared to hypomethylating agent monotherapy. However, little is known about the performance of venetoclax‐based regimens outside of clinical trials, given conflicting safety and efficacy data. Even less is known about the impact of the hypomethylating agent backbone. In this study, we demonstrate that decitabine‐venetoclax is associated with a significantly higher rate of grade three or higher thrombocytopenia, but lower rates of lymphocytopenia compared to azacitidine‐venetoclax. There was no difference in response or survival across ELN 2017 cytogenetic risk categories in the overall cohort. Significantly more patients succumb to relapsed or refractory disease than death from any other cause. We demonstrated that a Charlson comorbidity index score threshold of seven identifies exceptionally high‐risk patients, providing evidence for clinical use to reduce the risk of early treatment‐related mortality. Lastly, we provide evidence that measurable residual disease negativity and an IDH mutation predict a significant survival benefit outside clinical trials. Taken together, these data illuminate the real‐world performance of venetoclax and decitabine or azacitidine in the treatment of AML.
Compound and Conjunct Verbs in Hindi

In a previous study I indicated that some verbal constructs in Hindi whose components were analysable, at the morphological level, as noun + verb could be considered as comprised in the overall category of verb at the syntactical level on account of their patterning in the participial forms, and suggested T. Grahame Baileys term ‘conjunct verbs’ as a convenient term of reference for this sub-category. The aim of the present study is to consider ‘conjunct verbs’ more closely, and to relate both these and what Bailey terms ‘compound verbsx2019; to each other and to the Hindi verbal system as a whole.
Over 70% tunneling magnetoresistance at room temperature for a CoFe and AlOx based magnetic tunnel junction

More than 70% tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) ratio has been observed at room temperature for a CoFe and AlOx based magnetic tunnel junction. The annealing of the epitaxial bottom electrode, Si (001)/Ag fcc (200)∕Co84Fe16 bcc (200), at 400°C prior to fabricating the tunnel barrier and the upper electrode is crucial for achieving this high TMR ratio. Moreover a high output voltage could be obtained for this magnetic tunnel junction due to its high V1∕2, the bias voltage at which the TMR ratio is reduced to half of that near the zero bias. The rationale for obtaining this high TMR ratio is discussed, and there are reasons to believe that the TMR ratio for this junction could be further improved.
Stereo vision SLAM-based 3D reconstruction on UAV development platforms

Abstract. Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images has garnered a lot of attention with the rapid growth of UAV technology. The crucial technique for large-scale 3D reconstruction of images taken from UAV is to get accurate and drift-free state estimation of UAV. Vision-based simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) system is widely used in this field because of the function of robot localization and unknown environment mapping. However, the current visual SLAM systems are vulnerable to issues including feature extraction challenge, mismatching, cumulative drift, and tracking lost in complicated and low-texture environment. To cope with the aforementioned challenges, we build a stereo vision SLAM framework based on ORB-SLAM, which fuses global positioning system (GPS) information and dense matching results based on deep learning to achieve accurate and drift-free pose estimation and 3D reconstruction of UAV images. We utilize cutting-edge method to create pixel-wise dense matching of adjacent frames and stereo frames and make full use of them. Then, to minimize the accumulated drifts, global GPS data are combined with pose graph optimization, which aligns local estimation with the global coordinate. Finally, the globally accurate and drift-free pose estimations are used to build a sparse point cloud map. Patch-based multi-view stereo algorithm is implemented to construct a dense map based on UAV images for reasonable results. We evaluate the effectiveness and accuracy of our approach in both simulation and real-world experiments. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our method achieves great results.
Stellar populations in distant radio galaxies

Un ensemble homogene de donnees d'observation IR de 83 galaxies 3CR de deplacements vers le rouge 0<z<1,6, tire d'un echantillon statistiquement complet de 90 radiosources, est utilise pour etudier les couleurs et les magnitudes de ces galaxies en fonction de leurs deplacements vers le rouge
Surveys in combinatorics, 1991

1. Radar signal patterns S. W. Golomb 2. Old and new results on ovals of finite projective planes G. Korchmaros 3. Schubert polynomials I. G. MacDonald 4. Computational methods in design theory R. Mathon 5. Unprovable combinatorial statements J. Nesetril [with M. Loebl] 6. Orientations and edge functions on graphs O. Pretzel 7. Graph perturbations P. Rowlinson 8. A graph reconstructer's manual J. A. Bondy 9. Tur.n type problems Z. Furedi.
Controlled random sequences: methods of convex analysis and problems with functional constraints

ContentsIntroduction § 1. Controlled random sequences: main definitions and traditional approaches § 1.1. Description of the mathematical model § 1.2. Models with integral functionals § 1.3. Homogeneous Markov decision processes with average cost criteria § 2. Application of methods of convex analysis § 2.1. Properties of the space § 2.2. Existence of optimal policies § 2.3. Sufficiency of selectors § 2.4. Preliminary results. The notion of an occupation measure § 2.5. Markov decision processes with total cost criteria and occupation measures § 2.6. Discounted costs and the corresponding occupation measures § 2.7. Average costs and ergodic occupation measures § 3. Problems with functional constraints § 3.1. General results § 3.2. Preliminary conclusions § 3.3. Markov decision processes with total cost criteria § 3.4. Homogeneous Markov decision processes with discounting § 3.5. Homogeneous Markov decision processes with average cost criteria § 3.6. Other constrained problems, related topics, and future prospectsConclusionAppendix. Elements of convex analysis and measure theory Bibliography
Virtual gonio-spectrophotometer for validation of BRDF designs

Measurement of the appearance of an object consists of a group of measurements to characterize the color and surface finish of the object. This group of measurements involves the spectral energy distribution of propagated light measured in terms of reflectance and transmittance, and the spatial energy distribution of that light measured in terms of the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF). In this article we present the virtual gonio-spectrophotometer, a device that measures flux (power) as a function of illumination and observation. Virtual gonio-spectrophotometer measurements allow the determination of the scattering profile of specimens that can be used to verify the physical characteristics of the computer model used to simulate the scattering profile. Among the characteristics that we verify is the energy conservation of the computer model. A virtual gonio-spectrophotometer is utilized to find the correspondence between industrial measurements obtained from gloss meters and the parameters of a computer reflectance model.
Predicting Cancer Risk from Germline Whole-exome Sequencing Data Using a Novel Context-based Variant Aggregation Approach

Many studies have shown that the distributions of the genomic, nucleotide, and epigenetic contexts of somatic variants in tumors are informative of cancer etiology. Recently, a new direction of research has focused on extracting signals from the contexts of germline variants and evidence has emerged that patterns defined by these factors are associated with oncogenic pathways, histologic subtypes, and prognosis. It remains an open question whether aggregating germline variants using meta-features capturing their genomic, nucleotide, and epigenetic contexts can improve cancer risk prediction. This aggregation approach can potentially increase statistical power for detecting signals from rare variants, which have been hypothesized to be a major source of the missing heritability of cancer. Using germline whole-exome sequencing data from the UK Biobank, we developed risk models for 10 cancer types using known risk variants (cancer-associated SNPs and pathogenic variants in known cancer predisposition genes) as well as models that additionally include the meta-features. The meta-features did not improve the prediction accuracy of models based on known risk variants. It is possible that expanding the approach to whole-genome sequencing can lead to gains in prediction accuracy. Significance: There is evidence that cancer is partly caused by rare genetic variants that have not yet been identified. We investigate this issue using novel statistical methods and data from the UK Biobank.
IS A MIXED DESIGN OF OBSERVER‐CONTROLLERS FOR TIME‐DELAY SYSTEMS INTERESTING?

This paper deals with H∞ observer‐based feedback control for linear time‐delay systems, in the framework of delay independent stability. We will propose a new LMI solution to observer‐controller design that ensures a disturbance attenuation level for the controlled output as well as for the state estimation error, which is an open problem. This will be compared with a well‐known solution and with a usual strategy in control which consists in designing the observer and the controller separately. Our aim is to try to bring a positive answer to the following question: is there an interest to solve the problem in a single (unique) formulation or should we design separately the observer and the controller? An application to a wind tunnel model is provided to emphasize the interest of the given results, particularly in comparison with existing results on H∞ observer‐based control.
Harnessing the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases against abiotic stresses in plants

Crop plants are vulnerable to various biotic and abiotic stresses, whereas plants tend to retain their physiological mechanisms by evolving cellular regulation. To mitigate the adverse effects of abiotic stresses, many defense mechanisms are induced in plants. One of these mechanisms is the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, a signaling pathway used in the transduction of extracellular stimuli into intercellular responses. This stress signaling pathway is activated by a series of responses involving MAPKKKs→MAPKKs→MAPKs, consisting of interacting proteins, and their functions depend on the collaboration and activation of one another by phosphorylation. These proteins are key regulators of MAPK in various crop plants under abiotic stress conditions and also related to hormonal responses. It is revealed that in response to stress signaling, MAPKs are characterized as multigenic families and elaborate the specific stimuli transformation as well as the antioxidant regulation system. This pathway is directed by the framework of proteins and stopping domains confer the related associates with unique structure and functions. Early studies of plant MAPKs focused on their functions in model plants. Based on the results of whole-genome sequencing, many MAPKs have been identified in plants, such as Arbodiposis, tomato, potato, alfalfa, poplar, rice, wheat, maize, and apple. In this review, we summarized the recent work on MAPK response to abiotic stress and the classification of MAPK cascade in crop plants. Moreover, we highlighted the modern research methodologies such as transcriptomics, proteomics, CRISPR/Cas technology, and epigenetic studies, which proposed, identified, and characterized the novel genes associated with MAPKs and their role in plants under abiotic stress conditions. In-silico-based identification of novel MAPK genes also facilitates future research on MAPK cascade identification and function in crop plants under various stress conditions.
Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds in the Management of Neurodegenerative Disorders: Challenges, Future Directions and Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Neuroprotection

Neurodegenerative disorders encompass a wide range of pathological conditions caused by progressive damage to the neuronal cells and nervous-system connections, which primarily target neuronal dysfunction and result in problems with mobility, cognition, coordination, sensation, and strength. Molecular insights have revealed that stress-related biochemical alterations such as abnormal protein aggregation, extensive generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation may lead to damage to neuronal cells. Currently, no neurodegenerative disease is curable, and the available standard therapies can only provide symptomatic treatment and delay the progression of the disease. Interestingly, plant-derived bioactive compounds have drawn considerable attention due to their well-established medicinal properties, including anti-apoptotic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antimicrobial properties, as well as neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, and other health benefits. Plant-derived bioactive compounds have received far more attention in recent decades than synthetic bioactive compounds in the treatment of many diseases, including neurodegeneration. By selecting suitable plant-derived bioactive compounds and/or plant formulations, we can fine tune the standard therapies because the therapeutic efficacy of the drugs is greatly enhanced by combinations. A plethora of in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated plant-derived bioactive compounds’ immense potential, as proven by their capacity to influence the expression and activity of numerous proteins implicated in oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and aggregation. Thus, this review mostly focuses on the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-aggregation, anti-cholinesterase, and anti-apoptotic properties of several plant formulations and plant-derived bioactive compounds and their molecular mechanisms against neurodegenerative disorders.
On relationships between electro-optic coefficients for impermeability and nonlinear electric susceptibilities

Electro-optic coefficients can be defined in terms of the changes, which result from an applied electric field, to components of either the impermeability or electric susceptibility tensors. In this paper exact relationships are derived between electro-optic coefficients defined in these two ways for powers of the field up to four. Previously known approximate relationships are also discussed.