Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A note on the variety of plane curves with nodes and cusps

Let pN be the projective space of all degree d plane curves and V(d, 3, K) the subvariety of pN consisting of all reduced and irreducible curves with 3 notes and K cusps. Then V(d,3,K) is irreducible if K < 1(d+ 1)-g. N~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Let PN be the projective space parametrizing all plane curves of degree d and V(d,3,K) the subvariety of PN corresponding to all reduced and irreducible plane curves of degree d with 3 nodes and K ordinary cusps as their only singular points. Diaz and Harris [DH] showed that V(d, 6, K) is a smooth variety of dimension N 3 2K if K < 2d 1. In [K] we showed that V(d,3,K) is irreducible if K < 3 except possibly when K = 3 and d = 5 or 6. In this paper we prove Theorem. The variety V(d , , K) is irreducible if K < 1(d + 1) g. This result goes along with the general suspicion that V(d , 3, K) should be irreducible when K is pretty small with respect to d while K approaches infinity as d does. We remark here that there exist two components of V(6, 0, 6) [Z]. We mean here by a node a point where a curve has two transverse smooth branches, and by a cusp a point where a curve has a singular branch, if it is locally given by y2 = X3 we call it an ordinary cusp. The (geometric) genus of a curve is the genus of its normalization. From now on we assume that d is at least 5 since the irreducibility of all possible V(d, 3, K) is known when d < 5. We also work on the assumption that K :# 0; otherwise it is the Severi variety V(d , 3) , the variety of reduced and irreducible plane curves of degree d with 3 nodes as their only singularities, which is irreducible [H] [Z]. Note that a plane curve of degree d and geometric genus g can be realized as a degree d map (o: C -+ P 2 or equivalently, as a 3-dimensional subspace (a Received by the editors May 31, 1988. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification (1985 Revision). Primary 14H10.
Comparative Study of Different Numerical Models for Vehicle–Bridge Interaction Analysis

In this paper, a comprehensive comparative study on several existing vehicle–bridge interaction (VBI) models is presented with the aim to provide a useful reference to the selection of vehicle and bridge models when conducting the VBI simulation. A simply-supported slab-on-girder highway bridge and the AASHTO HS20-44 vehicle are adopted in the numerical analysis. The bridge is modeled as an Euler–Bernoulli beam, grillage, plate-and-beam system and solid-element system, respectively, while the vehicle is modeled as a moving-force, moving-mass and spring-damper-mass (SDM) system, respectively. Other factors, including the road roughness and the contact condition between the vehicle tire and bridge, are also considered. The effects of different VBI models on the bridge responses are studied and the results from different models are compared in terms of their accuracy, efficiency and suitability. The results show that the accuracy of different types of bridge responses calculated varies with the number of bridge vibration modes used in the simulation. It is also found that the type of element used in the bridge model and the vehicle tire model both have a larger impact on the bridge acceleration than bridge deflection.
Influence of prosodic factors on segment articulations and acoustics in English

This study investigated effects of three prosodic factors—prosodic boundary, lexical stress, and accent—on articulatory and acoustic realizations of two CV syllables, /nE/ and /tE/. These syllables occurred at the beginning of trisyllabic English nonwords; their position in the larger phrase (prosodic boundary conditions), and whether they were lexically stressed and/or accented (prominence conditions) were varied. Articulatory measurements included linguopalatal contact (by electropalatography) for both C and V, stop consonant seal duration, and C‐to‐V contact difference; acoustic measurements include nasal duration and energy for /n/; VOT, burst energy and spectral center of gravity for /t/; and F1, vowel duration and vowel amplitude for /E/. We tested whether domain‐initial strengthening occurs in the C and/or the V segments independently of stress or accent conditions. We found that the effects of position and of stress/accent can be distinguished in the production and the acoustics of these syllables. One domain‐initial effect (greater consonant contact domain‐initially) was complementary to one stress/accent effect (greater vowel opening with stress/accent); in other cases the effects overlapped (greater vowel energy and tendency to longer consonant both domain‐initially and with stress/accent); in one case they conflicted (less consonant energy domain‐initially, more consonant energy with stress/accent).
THE POWER OF LISTENING TO YOUR DATA: OPENING DOORS AND ENHANCING DISCOVERY USING SONIFICATION

As a blind researcher, I rely entirely on sound to analyse my data and carry out my research program. To this end I am active in a collaboration that is exploring the use of data sonification (converting data into sound) to enhance, validate, and accelerate discovery. The scope of our program is not limited to enabling blind and visually-impaired researchers to contribute to areas of research that were not previously accessible. Rather, we look also to the use of new multi-modal approaches that exploit the properties of sound to address mainstream challenges presented by trends in modern astrophysics. Using ‘real-life’ examples, I describe how we are ex- ploring time-series data, spectra, and multi-dimensional datasets mapped to a variety of sonic characteristics such as pitch, amplitude, waveform, pulse repeat rate, tone quality, and distortion and noise to provide addi- tional information on measurement uncertainties. I discuss the application of data sonification to high redshift galaxy research and to our coordinated multi-wavelength observational program to detect and follow up fast transient events. Finally, I outline current research directions involving touch screen and trackpad approaches to examine scatter-plot (non-linear) data representations, shape-based recognition, and the use of combined weighted harmonics to render the information content in multi-dimensional datasets as sound.
Three-dimensional theory of weakly nonlinear Compton scattering

Nonlinear effects are known to occur in light sources when the wiggler parameter, or normalized 4-potential, A=e−AμAμ/m0c, approaches unity. In this paper, it is shown that nonlinear spectral features can appear at arbitrarily low values of A if the fractional bandwidth of the undulator, Δϕ−1, is sufficiently small and satisfies the condition A2Δϕ∼1. Consequences for the spectral brightness of Compton scattering light sources are outlined. Compton and Thomson scattering theories are compared with the Klein–Nishina cross-section formula to highlight differences in the case of narrow band gamma-ray operation. A weakly nonlinear Compton scattering theory is developed in one (plane wave) and three (local plane wave approximation) dimensions. Analytical models are presented and benchmarked against numerical calculations solving the Lorentz force equation with a fourth-order Runge–Kutta algorithm. Finally, narrow band gamma-ray spectra are calculated for realistic laser and electron beams.
Effects of different surgical treatments on children with ankyloglossia: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction Ankyloglossia is a situation where the tongue tip cannot go beyond the mandibular incisor because the frenulum linguae is short. It could affect children’s health by interfering with their ability to talk, breast feeding and dental development. The most effective measure to control ankyloglossia is the surgical method. However, which surgical procedure is the best one is still controversial. Thus, this protocol aims to assess the effectiveness of different surgical interventions in children with ankyloglossia. Methods and analysis PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and OVID will be searched for relevant information from inception to 31 May 2022. Observational studies in English that investigate the association between surgical methods and ankyloglossia will be included in this protocol. This protocol follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols. The Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies and the Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale for longitudinal studies will be used to assess the included studies. The improvement of breast feeding and nipple pain will be the primary outcome. STATA V.15. 1 will do the statistical analysis in the meta-analysis. Subgroup and meta-regression will be carried out based on the characteristics of included studies. Ethics and dissemination This systematic review and meta-analysis will summarise relevant information on the effects of different surgical treatments on patients with ankyloglossia. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications. The data included in this study will be extracted from the published original studies. Thus, ethical approval and informed consent will not be required. PROSPERO registration number CRD42022323350.
Developing a Virtual Reality Simulation Program for Improving Nursing Students’ Clinical Reasoning Skills in Home Settings: A Protocol Paper

Most nursing simulation programs focus on persons’ healthcare needs in hospital settings, and little is known about how to identify them in home settings. This study aims to develop and validate a virtual reality (VR) simulation program for nursing students to improve their clinical reasoning skills and confidence in assessing persons’ healthcare needs in home settings. We developed a VR simulation program based on a literature review and expert discussion. In Phase 1, home visit nurses or public health nurses will validate the program through their interviews in 2022. In Phase 2, we will conduct a pilot and main single-blinded randomized trial for nursing students to confirm the effectiveness from 2022 and 2023. Participants will be randomly allocated into an intervention group using VR simulations and a control group receiving videos regarding three kinds of community residents’ lives [1:1]. After obtaining informed consent, the students will submit their anonymous data to the researchers to prevent associating their grade evaluation. The primary outcome will be their clinical reasoning skills. The second outcome will include their satisfaction and self-confidence. This study will examine the effectiveness of improving their clinical reasoning skills and confidence in assessing persons’ healthcare needs in home settings.
Commutative Ordinary Differential Operators

The paper is conveniently divided into two sections. The first contains the general argument and the main propositions unencumbered by proof: in the first paragraph of this section is collected material already published; the succeeding paragraphs of the section are devoted to new results. The second section of the paper includes proofs of these results, together with certain corollaries not essential to the main argument. Part 1. I. —Preamble. We make certain notational conventions. There is a single independent variable x ; the arbitrary dependent variable of a differential equation or operation is written y . With these exceptions Greek letters denote functions of x and English “lower-case” letters denote constants.
PIV FLOW MEASUREMENTS ON A HIGH LIFT AIRFOIL WITH LEADING EDGE ICE

The aircraft performance decrease due to icing on a wing is an important area of concern for flight safety. A wind tunnel data base has been established for a high lift airfoil with a single flap extended, representative for a modern airliner wing. The model airfoil is equipped with a leading edge ice shape. This paper presents flow quantities measured by means of the PIV measurement technique on the airfoil upper surface over almost the full wing chord at several angles of attack in the range from pre-stall to post-stall: 0.5°, 3.5°, 4.5°, 5.5°, 6.5° and 8.5°. The flow field was measured by three cameras synchronously, enabling to get snapshots of the full upper surface flow at once. Mean flow as well as turbulence data are presented.
Magnetoelectric coupling in small Pb(Zr,Ti)O3/terfenol-D laminate composites

Electric-field-induced magnetization (EIM) in small Pb(Zr,Ti)O3/terfenol-D bilayered composites was investigated by using double coils, which could conveniently detect the EIM behaviors representing the whole sample and compare the magnetoelectric coupling from different samples. The EIM characteristics with the driving electric field, bias magnetic field, thickness ratio between Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 and terfenol-D, and angle θ between the bias magnetic field and polarization direction were investigated in detail. Part characteristics about magnetic-field-induced electric polarization (MIEP) were studied for comparison. The magnetoelectric variations with the bias magnetic field exhibit hysteresis, forming magnetoelectric hysteresis loops. The EIM coefficients decrease with the thickness ratio, showing an inverse behavior with the MIEP. When the driving electric field frequency is near one of the integer magnetoelectric resonance frequencies, multiple EIM resonances can be inspired. Both MIEP and EIM have evident .
Consensus and Obstacle Avoidance of Partially-informed Multi-agent System

In this paper, we study the collective obstacle avoidance problem when only part of agents is informed of obstacle information. The control protocol is proposed to lead second order agents trend to state consensus in the existence of smooth convex obstacles. Both the position and velocity of agents will trend to the same. The moving obstacles which have varying acceleration can also be avoid, even without acceleration sensor. We prove the convergence and collision avoidance of multi-agent system. A simulation demonstrates the effect of the proposed control protocol.
The Effects of Changing Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Devices in Japanese Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Case Series

Objective The effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) devices on obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in Japanese patients have not been reported. We assessed the effects of changing CPAP devices (from the Philips Respironics device to the ResMed device) on the control of OSA. Methods We retrospectively examined 13 patients with OSA who voluntarily changed from the Philips Respironics device to the ResMed device due to a Philips Respironics CPAP device recall. Data on the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) were obtained from the CPAP devices for three months before and after changing the devices. Results The AHI obtained from the CPAP devices significantly decreased from 4.4 (3.1-10.7) events/h to 2.0 (0.8-3.6) events/h when patients changed devices (p=0.022). The AHI decreased to ＜5 events/h after changing devices in 4 patients, whereas it had been ≥5 events/h before changing devices in 6 patients. Conclusion Changing CPAP devices can decrease the AHI.
All-semiconductor plasmonics for mid-IR applications

We investigate highly doped InAsSb layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaSb substrates. Electrical and optical characterizations demonstrate a metallic behavior with the possibility to control the plasma frequency in the mid-infrared range by adjusting the doping level. Plasmonic resonators based on this new kind of metal can be realized for mid-IR applications. Sub-wavelength periodic arrays are fabricated in the InAsSb layer and localized surface plasmon resonances are observed in reflectance experiments. A perfect control of the doping level and of the geometry of the periodic arrays allows adjusting the frequency of the plasmonic resonances. Our work shows that GaSb-based materials could be the building block for all-semiconductor mid-infrared plasmonic devices.
Pseudoaneurysm Formation in a Pediatric Patient After Non-Traumatic Middle Cerebral Artery Dissection With a Rapid Spontaneous Complete Thrombosis

Spontaneous cerebral dissections in children are rare and can be associated with the formation of pseudoaneurysms. The management of these pseudoaneurysms is controversial as they can be treated either by surgery or endovascular techniques. On rare occasions, they may spontaneously thrombose. We present a 12-year-old male without a history of trauma who developed an intracerebral hematoma secondary to a ruptured pseudoaneurysm of the middle cerebral artery that showed a rapid spontaneous complete thrombosis. Five days after his initial diagnostic cerebral digital subtraction angiogram, a follow-up study showed no evidence of the previously observed pseudoaneurysm. Two months later, a computed tomographic angiography of the brain showed no evidence of the pseudoaneurysm. Thrombosed pseudoaneurysms should be closely followed by neuroimaging studies as they may subsequently recanalize.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION IN SOUTH KOREA

Innovation and entrepreneurship are considered a necessity in any state’s development. In South Korea’s case, chaebols are the resistance structure of the economy and one of the most important forces in the state. However, their existence, together with the traditional culture such as Confucianism, has a great impact on the entrepreneurship development and innovation in the country. The article also aims to create an analysis of the Korean entrepreneurship environment and highlight the factors that lead to the development of research and development sector, facilitating entrepreneurs to open new businesses. The research is based on data provided by The World Bank, Dealogic, IMF, World Economic Forum and Entrepreneurship Barometer and the literature related to the Korean culture and social environment. The findings indicate that the Korean traditional culture together with the chaebols have a slowing impact on the South Korean entrepreneurship, although the country is considered one of the most innovative in the world.
Methods for higher order numerical simulations of complex inviscid fluids with immersed boundaries

Within this thesis, we study inviscid compressible flows of fluids modelled by several equations of state. Namely, these are the ideal gas law, the stiffened gas law, Tait's law and the covolume gas law. In their entirety, these equations of state can be used as models for the behaviour of many gases and liquids. After deriving new exact solutions for the corresponding variants of the Euler equations, we use the results as a tool for the verification of a higher-order accurate numerical scheme that has been implemented during the course of this thesis. The scheme is based on a Runge-Kutta Discontinuous Galerkin Method and the presented verification results show that we are able to obtain the expected rates of convergence in both, space and time. In the main part of this thesis, we consider an important building block for the extension of this conventional discretization by means of a treatment for generic immersed boundaries, namely the numerical integration of general functions over domains that are at least partly defined by the zero iso-contour of a level set function defining the domain boundary. Here, we study two new, generally applicable approaches in terms of their robustness and convergence behaviour. The first approach is based on a classical adaptive strategy, while the second approach is based on a hierarchical moment-fitting strategy with variable Ansatz order P. Both methods have been designed such that they are applicable on general element types. Most notably, the results of our numerical experiments suggest that the moment-fitting procedure leads to integration errors that decrease with a rate of O(h^(P+1)), thus allowing for a severe increase of integration accuracy at constant computational effort.
Tumor classification using microRNA expression features and machine learning

Tumor classification and diagnosis are not an easy task as novel research keeps emerging about what makes a tumor type unique. There are several ways to classify a tumor, such as molecular analysis as well as the usual ways where biopsies or physical examinations are used to diagnose cancer. Previous studies have been using DNA or messenger RNA features in tumor classification, but there are not a lot of specific studies in the area of tumor classification using microRNA (miRNA). As new investigations suggest, miRNA serves a crucial role in tumor growth and metastasis, so my investigation dives into the relationship between miRNA and tumor classification, which is still mostly unexplored. Here, using miRNA expression data from large cancer sequencing projects for over 10,000 patients, I build machine learning models to classify more than 30 different types of cancer. Two different algorithms, k-nearest neighbors and random forest are tested and benchmarked. For certain cancer types, the random forest model can be over 95% accurate. I further demonstrate that errors of the classifier come largely from tumors with similar cell-of-origin, such as digestive organ tumor stomach cancer are sometimes mislabeled as other digestive organ tumors like esophageal cancer or colon cancer. To explore how we can use the miRNA-based tumor classifier in a clinical setting, I further demonstrate that it is possible to reach near 95% accuracy with a minimal model of only 10 miRNA genes, which suggests that a small test kit for 10 miRNA genes can reach a comparable accuracy as the more expensive option of whole miRNA sequencing. Overall, this study suggests that miRNA expression can accurately predict tumor types and may be developed into clinical diagnostic kits.
Analyzing the adverse effects of childhood stress on adult anxiety behaviors by testing on male rats and addressing it with a period of aerobic exercise during adolescence

Anxiety is one of the most common diagnoses in psychiatry, which is twice as common in women as in men. Anxiety and depression disorders are significant because they affect a person's social and individual functioning and lead to severe economic and social damage, so they are expected to be debilitating diseases worldwide in the coming years. Considering the importance of treating stress disorders such as anxiety, which improves patients' social and personal functioning, and taking into account the side effects of drugs, researchers proposed sports activities as a non-pharmacological and effective occupational therapy method. But it is not clear whether the effects of exercise can be related to the regulation of the serotonergic system in the brain (especially anxiety behavior). Therefore, this research was designed and carried out to answer the following question: Will doing optional exercise (Running Wheel) and not mandatory exercise (Treadmill exercise) during adolescence be able to improve the ill effects of MS? In this research, six pregnant mice were used. After giving birth, their babies experienced the stress of separation from their mother for 12 days between the 2nd and 14th days after birth, and then from the 28th day, they exercised with the Running Wheel for a month. The number of rats was 8 for behavioral tests and 4 for molecular tests. In the model implemented in this research, after birth, mouse babies are separated from their mother for 180 minutes every day for 12 days (from the second day of birth to the 14th day after birth) and placed in a separate cage. This protocol is so-called. It is called Maternal Neonatal Separation or childhood stress. The results of this research determined that childhood stress in the form of separation from the mother is capable of causing anxiety behaviors in adult male rats. On the other hand, the results of this research determined that optional exercise with running wheels during adolescence can reduce the adverse effects of stress and anxiety-related behaviors.