Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hybrid methodology using balancing optimization and vibration analysis to suppress vibrations in a double crank-rocker engine

This study aims to present mathematical modelling to evaluate and analyze double crankrocker engine performance. The study suggests the use of two methods to reduce system vibration through balancing optimization and vibrational analysis. The combination of both methods acts as a verification method; besides it can be used as a tool for further system design enhancement and condition monitoring. The derived mathematical model is then used for balancing optimization to identify system shaking forces and moments, while variable speed is considered as an added parameter to evolve the optimization process. This factor shows better enhancement in reducing system shaking forces and moments compared to constant speed balancing method. Next, the system characteristics were concluded in terms of mode shapes and natural frequencies using modal and frequency response analysis, which give clear clue for secure system operational ground. Finally, the reduction in system vibrations was translated into engine’s centre of mass velocity, which evaluates balancing process effectiveness and indicate if further enhancement should be conducted.
Reciprocating Bending Deformation and Mechanical Response of Shape-control Plate Using NiTi Shape Memory Alloy Wire

This study deals with deformation and mechanical response of a shape-control plate, which consists of an aluminum alloy plate and a pre-strained NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) wire. The shape-control plate exhibits reciprocating bending deformation by heating and cooling. Bending deformation tests of the plate are carried out by electric heating and natural cooling of the SMA wire, and then mechanical response of the bent plate under electric heating is examined by three-point bending. The experimental results exhibit that the bending deformation of the plate is considerably stable over more than 2000 heating-cooling cycles, and that a load-deflection relation of the bent plate is almost linear. Furthermore, the bending deformation and mechanical response of the plate are analyzed by a simple beam theory for the aluminum alloy plate and Brinson’s one-dimensional constitutive model for the SMA wire. The numerical results describe well the deformation behavior and mechanical response of the shape-control plate observed in the experiments. The proposed numerical model can be useful in design and estimation of shape-control plates.
Impact of illumination and encapsulant resistivity on polarization‐type potential‐induced degradation on n‐PERT cells

Power loss caused by polarization‐type potential‐induced degradation (PID‐p) in a variety of high‐performance photovoltaic cell types has been observed to be recoverable via subsequent illumination and in some cases preventable via simultaneous illumination. In this report, we describe the results of a study in which the front faces of n‐PERT cells encapsulated in polymers with a broad range of electrical resistivity were exposed to varying and controlled irradiance during PID testing. For a low resistivity ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer encapsulant, no reduction in the rate or extent of power loss was observed for irradiance as high as 1,000 W/m2, whereas for high and intermediate resistivity polyolefin encapsulants, 100 and 300 W/m2, respectively, prevented power loss. We introduce a simple model based on charge accumulation that facilitates interpretation of these results whereby degradation via charge accumulation under voltage stress and recovery due to light exposure are opposing and interdependent phenomena that describe the susceptibility of a module to power loss.
Investigating the Relationships of P3b with Negative Symptoms and Neurocognition in Subjects with Chronic Schizophrenia

Neurocognitive deficits and negative symptoms (NS) have a pivotal role in subjects with schizophrenia (SCZ) due to their impact on patients’ functioning in everyday life and their influence on goal-directed behavior and decision-making. P3b is considered an optimal electrophysiological candidate biomarker of neurocognitive impairment for its association with the allocation of attentional resources to task-relevant stimuli, an important factor for efficient decision-making, as well as for motivation-related processes. Furthermore, associations between P3b deficits and NS have been reported. The current research aims to fill the lack of studies investigating, in the same subjects, the associations of P3b with multiple cognitive domains and the expressive and motivation-related domains of NS, evaluated with state-of-the-art instruments. One hundred and fourteen SCZ and 63 healthy controls (HCs) were included in the study. P3b amplitude was significantly reduced and P3b latency prolonged in SCZ as compared to HCs. In SCZ, a positive correlation was found between P3b latency and age and between P3b amplitude and the Attention-vigilance domain, while no significant correlations were found between P3b and the two NS domains. Our results indicate that the effortful allocation of attention to task-relevant stimuli, an important component of decision-making, is compromised in SCZ, independently of motivation deficits or other NS.
Neuroimaging signature associated with symptom exacerbation in early-stage psychosis

Recent reports have indicated that the occurrence of symptom exacerbation in early-stage psychosis could result in brain changes, which are likely to underlie the poorer disease outcome. Thus, it is important to identify neuroimaging signature associated with symptom exacerbation in early-stage psychosis. We studied 85 patients with psychosis within two years after onset and 94 healthy controls (HC). The patient group was subdivided into two groups: 54 patients who did not experience major symptom exacerbation between the onset and study enrollment (P1), and 31 patients who experienced major symptom exacerbation (P2). We analyzed three brain imaging measures derived from resting-state functional MRI, such as global efficiency, nodal efficiency, and resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC). After excluding some brain imaging measures that were potentially affected by clinical variables, we conducted a comparison between overall patient group and HC group as well as comparsions between HC, P1, and P2 groups for these three types of brain imaging measures, respectively. By integrating the information, we pinned down the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and thalamus as key hubs in the context of several large-scale brain networks associated with symptom exacerbations in early-stage psychosis. Our study implies the importance of considering neural mechanism associated with symptom exacerbations in early stages of psychotic disorders.
Agent-based construction supply chain simulator (CS2) for measuring the value of real-time information sharing in construction

This paper presents an agent-based construction supply chain simulator (CS2) that leverages computer agents technology for modeling a virtual construction supply chain. Although construction managers and contractors do not consciously consider a supply chain and its management, they all interact with the members of a supply chain and make related decisions. Having real-time information available at any time can increase information transparency, which in turn makes it easier for project managers to identify potential risks. CS2 is a modified version of the beer game that has been widely used for illustrating the importance of real-time information in the manufacturing process. Two different types of simulations are presented in this paper, namely human-to-human and computer-to-human interactive simulation. In the simulations, a group of people play different roles, as does the current practice in construction. Results of this simulation test and verify the significance of real-time information sharing in construction. In addition, how the quantity of information affects the value of real-time information using the concept of illusion in cognitive science is investigated. The developed CS2 can be further used for educational purposes as well as for addressing the valuable lesson of real-time information sharing to practitioners.
Weiterentwicklung des BPMN Ansatzes für Geschäftsprozessmodelle

Im Rahmen des Business Process Management (BPM) stellt die Prozessmodellierung eine einleitende Phase dar, in der Arbeitsablaufe in Form von Prozessmodellen abgebildet werden. Hierbei hat sich die graphische Modellierungssprache Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) als Standard fur die Prozessmodellierung etabliert. Die vergangene BPMN-Forschung hat zufriedenstellende Losungen fur die Themen Evaluation, Semantik, Ausfuhrbarkeit und Compliance entwickelt. Diese Ergebnisse bilden eine formale Grundlage fur anknupfende Forschungsarbeiten und industrielle Anwendungen. Die BPMN-Forschung befindet sich nun in einer Phase, in der neue Forschungsthemen identifiziert werden mussen, welche sich an den Bedurfnissen der Anwender sowie an den zukunftigen Anforderungen der Prozessmodellierung und des BPM orientieren. Im Hinblick auf diese Herausforderung analysiert die vorliegende Arbeit die bisherige BPMN-Forschung auf Basis einer umfangreichen Literaturrecherche. Es werden vergangene Forschungsergebnisse zusammengefasst und aktuelle Forschungsansatze ausfuhrlich und zusammenhangend dargelegt. Darauf aufbauend werden neue BPMN-Themen aufgezeigt, die fur zukunftige Forschungsaktivitaten von Bedeutung sein konnen. Bei der Analyse wird deutlich, dass es sich bei der aktuellen BPMN-Forschung um ein fragmentiertes Themenfeld handelt, welches diverse inhaltliche Schnittstellen zu benachbarten und ubergeordneten Forschungsgebieten aufweist. Ebenfalls stellt sich heraus, dass zukunftige wissenschaftliche BPMN-Arbeiten von konsolidierenden und innovativen Forschungsmasnahmen profitieren konnen. Within the scope of Business Process Management (BPM), process modeling represents an initial phase in which working procedures are depicted in form of process models. In connection with this, the graphical modeling language Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) has established itself as a standard for process modeling. Past BPMN research has developed satisfactory solutions for the topics evaluation, semantics, execution and compliance. These results provide a formal basis for associated research and industrial applications. BPMN research is now at a stage where new research topics have to be identified meeting user needs as well as future requirements of process modeling and BPM. With regard to this challenge, the present work examines previous BPMN research on the base of an extensive literature review. Past research results are summarized and current research approaches are presented in a detailed and coherent manner. Building on this, new BPMN topics, which may be important for future research activities, are presented. The analysis shows that current BPMN research is a fragmented topic area which has various content-related interfaces with neighboring and superordinated research topics. It is also found that future scientific works concerning BPMN can benefit from consolidating and innovative research measures.
Influence of laser spatial parameters and illuminator pupil-fill performance on the lithographic performance of a scanner

Litho-tool illuminator performance, characterized by quantitative measurements of pupil-fill intensity distribution and cross-field uniformity, has been cited as a key contributor to CD uniformity. While both modeling exercises with simulated pupil fills and measurements of real pupil fills have been undertaken, quantitative assessments of the pupil's effect when compared with other CD error contributors are rare. An integral part of illuminator performance is, of course, the laser. Not only must a litho laser meet stringent requirements at installation, but also the litho tool and laser suppliers are responsible for ensuring performance after maintenance activity, such as laser module replacement. We have investigated the effects of adjustable spatial laser parameters on the illuminator pupil fill as measured via a pinhole reticle and on illumination uniformity as measured by the scanner. We present the experimental results of these studies, estimates of their effects on litho performance via modeling, the sensitivity of lithographic performance to the spatial parameters, and an assessment of their importance relative to other lithographic variables affecting CD uniformity. Results show that not only is the baseline illuminator pupil-fill performance a small contributor to lithographic error, but also that the system is stable in the presence of laser adjustments.
Transcriptional Profiling of Mouse Eosinophils Identifies Distinct Gene Signatures Following Cellular Activation

Eosinophils are multifunctional, evolutionary conserved leukocytes that are involved in a plethora of responses ranging from regulation of tissue homeostasis to host defense and cancer. Eosinophils have been studied mostly in the context of Type 2 inflammatory responses such as those found in allergy. Nonetheless, it is now evident that they participate in Type 1 inflammatory responses and can respond to Type 1 cytokines such as IFN-γ. Recent data suggest that the pleotropic roles of eosinophils are due to heterogeneous responses to environmental cues. Despite this, the activation profile of eosinophils, in response to various stimuli is yet to be defined. To better understand the transcriptional spectrum of eosinophil activation, we exposed eosinophils to Type 1 (e.g. IFN-γ, E. coli) vs. Type 2 (e.g. IL-4) conditions and subjected them to global RNA sequencing. Our analyses show that IL-4, IFN-γ, E. coli and IFN-γ in the presence of E. coli (IFN-γ/E. coli)-stimulated eosinophils acquire distinct transcriptional profiles, which polarize them towards what we termed Type 1 and Type 2 eosinophils. Bioinformatics analyses using Gene Ontology based on biological processes revealed that different stimuli induced distinct pathways in eosinophils. These pathways were confirmed using functional assays by assessing cytokine/chemokine release (i.e. CXCL9, CCL24, TNF-α and IL-6) from eosinophils following activation. In addition, analysis of cell surface markers highlighted CD101 and CD274 as potential cell surface markers that distinguish between Type 1 and Type 2 eosinophils, respectively. Finally, the transcriptome signature of Type 1 eosinophils resembled that of eosinophils that were obtained from mice with experimental colitis whereas the transcriptome signature of Type 2 eosinophils resembled that of eosinophils from experimental asthma. Our data demonstrate that eosinophils are polarized to distinct “Type 1” and “Type 2” phenotypes following distinct stimulations. These findings provide fundamental knowledge regarding the heterogeneity of eosinophils and support the presence of transcriptional differences between Type 1 and Type 2 cells that are likely reflected by their pleotropic activities in diverse disease settings.
3.2: Integrated a‐Si Gate Driver Circuit for TFT‐LCD Panel

We developed an a‐Si TFT‐LCD panel with integrated gate driver circuit using a standard 5‐MASK process. To minimize the effect of the a‐Si TFT current and LC's capacitance variation with temperature, we developed a new a‐Si TFT circuit structure and minimized coupling capacitance by changing vertical architecture above gate driver circuit. Integration of gate driver circuit on glass substrate enables single chip and 3‐side free panel structure in a‐Si TFT‐LCD of QVGA(240*320) resolution.
Subthreshold slope in thin-film SOI MOSFETs

The subthreshold conduction regime in thick- and thin-film SOI MOSFETs is studied. Using the depletion approximation, a one-dimensional analytical expression for the subthreshold slope is derived, and equivalence with a simple capacitive network is proven. The model accounts for the influence of the back interface properties on the subthreshold swing in the thin-film regime. The coupling between front and back surface potential and the influence of the backside conduction on the front interface characteristics are accounted for. The case of double gate control is studied in more detail. Experimental verification of the model with measured subthreshold slopes in thin-form MOSFET devices is given. >
Evaluating IC-package interface delamination by considering moisture-induced molding-compound swelling

We have determined the influence of moisture soaking conditions on true adhesion strength measured by our previously developed method. The drop in true adhesion strength of a specimen that absorbed moisture at 50/spl deg/C is about 50% less than that of a specimen at 85/spl deg/C. This result suggests that the true adhesion strength depends on not only the moisture content but also the moisture absorption temperature. Therefore, we think that the general moisture condition (85/spl deg/C/85%) causes more damage to plastic integrated circuit (IC) packages than that of moisture absorption at room temperature. We also evaluated interface delamination in a moisture-absorbed package by considering the swelling of the molding compound due to moisture absorption. The predicted interface delamination agrees well with the experimental data for moisture-soaked packages.
S parameter-based experimental modeling of high Q MCM inductor with exponential gradient learning algorithm

Lumped inductors are very desirable passive components in wireless/RF circuits integrated on MCM substrate. This paper models the inductor from on-wafer high frequency measurement by utilizing the S parameter formulation and exponential gradient method. The S parameter formulation enables us to understand the phase shifting effects within the model while the exponential gradient learning algorithm provides us with a more robust and better fitting technique than the gradient descent algorithm. Both the magnitudes and phases of all S parameters fit well for all the inductors we constructed. It is shown that the phase shifting of the distributed effects should not be neglected even in MCM-D technology. The resulting experimental model provides measurement-verified solid ground for circuit design and numerical characterization.
Temperature and axial stress effects in electromechanical-impedance-method-based structural health monitoring

Structural health monitoring (SHM) has attracted much interest in the last two decades to handle the aging infrastructure systems all over the world. As one of the potential solutions, Electro-mechanical impedance (EMI) method was introduced in the early 1990s for SHM of civil, mechanical and aerospace structures. This paper presents the current investigation at UCSD on the feasibility of using an impedance-based Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) technique to monitor the Continuous Welded Rail (CWR). The objective of this research is to investigate the temperature and axial loading effect on theoretical models of the Electro-Mechanical Impedance (EMI) technique based on structural dynamics, integrated with experimental studies. Signatures and features from analytical models and experimental results are compared. The final results illustrate that the proposed models would be promising to characterize the temperature and axial stress effects.
A FEW REPRESENTATIVES OF ASTEROIDAE (ASTERACEAE) SUBFAMILY AND GERANIUM (GERANIACEAE) GENUS IN THE BAIKAL REGION (REVIEW

The aim of the article was to analyze the state of knowledge of the following plants: Heteropappus altaicus (Willd.) Novopokr. , Solidago dahurica L. , Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. , Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.), Antennaria dioica (L.) Gaertn. , Leontopodium conglobatum (Turcz.) Hand. -Mazz. and Geranium eriostemon Fischer. , G. pratense L. , G. wlassowianum Fisch. ex Link. (Geraniaceae). Materials and methods. To compile the review, the information from the following scientific open and available literature sources placed in scientific libraries of institutions, in electronic databases and search systems, was used: floristic summaries “Flora of Siberia”; “Flora of Central Siberia”; Electronic library of the Siberian branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Elibrary; PubMed; Scopus; CyberLeninka, Google Academy; The Plant List, Global Compositae Checklist. The search carried out, was based on the publications for the period of 2009-2020, on the information requests for names of families and subfamilies, names of plant species, biologically active compounds in English, Latin and Russian.Results. A comparative analysis of morphological characters, common species names and the synonyms for the listed species, has been carried out. The studied objects are characterized by the presence of polyphenolic compounds and substances of a triterpene structure, in particular, flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids, tannides. In addition, the representatives of the Asteroideae subfamily (Asteraceae) show the accumulation of essential oils, and the representatives of the Geranium genus (geranium) show the accumulation of anthocyanins. The spectrum of the pharmacological activity includes anti-inflammatory, choleretic, antimicrobial, antispasmodic and other types of effects.Conclusion. The presented review makes it possible to arrive at the conclusion about a certain knowledge level of the regional representatives of the Asteroideae subfamily and the Geranium genus. This determines the prospects of these plant objects for further pharmacognostic and pharmacological research and the creation of drugs on their basis – the sources of polyphenolic compounds.
Design for deconstruction and material reuse

This paper outlines the importance of taking a whole life-cycle approach when considering the sustainability of buildings, with an emphasis on consideration of the embodied carbon of projects and minimising this when possible. It is suggested that this can be achieved through the specification of reused materials. In order to improve the reused material supply chain in the future it is recommended that new buildings be designed for later deconstruction, thereby maximising the quantity of materials that can be recovered with minimal damage. Strategies for most effectively designing for deconstruction are outlined. It is recommended that this type of design practice be promoted by specific inclusion within environmental assessment methods. A brief review of three current assessment methods is made to highlight where credits are rewarded for the minimisation of embodied energy, and several tools that may help designers in assessing the embodied carbon of their projects are discussed.
A Thermopile Detector Based on Micro-Bridges for Heat Transfer

A thermopile detector with their thermocouples distributed in micro-bridges is designed and investigated in this work. The thermopile detector consists of 16 pairs of n-poly-Si/p-poly-Si thermocouples, which are fabricated using a low-cost, high-throughput CMOS process. The micro-bridges are realized by forming micro trenches at the front side first and then releasing the silicon substrate at the back side. Compared with a thermopile device using a continuous membrane, the micro-bridge-based one can achieve an improvement of the output voltage by 13.8% due to a higher temperature difference between the hot and cold junctions as there is a decrease in thermal conduction loss in the partially hollowed structure. This technique provides an effective way for developing high-performance thermopile detectors and other thermal devices.