Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Overview of Battery Based Electric Vehicle Technologies With Emphasis on Energy Sources, Their Configuration Topologies and Management Strategies

Vehicle emission is a major cause of pollution leading to life threatening diseases. With rising concern towards healthy living and clean environment, the demand to replace internal combustion engine vehicles is gathering momentum. Hence, currently the focus is shifting towards use of battery based electric vehicles with hybrid energy storage system combining two or more energy sources. The combination of different energy sources brings in the best properties of individual source types resulting in increase of lifetime and efficiency of electric vehicles. Energy management system is the control strategy to distribute energy and power among different energy sources judiciously to improve battery performance. Efficient energy management techniques also help in increasing the electric vehicle’s driving range and reducing battery size. In this paper a comprehensive review of battery based electric vehicle technologies based on energy sources, hybrid energy storage system topologies and energy management systems is presented. A comparative analysis is made about these techniques on the basis of performance indices like average battery current, peak battery current and battery power loss. This paper focuses on the combination of battery and supercapacitor because this combination provides high power and energy density to electric vehicles thereby improving their performance and dynamic power regulation. This review paper summarizes the research work carried out in the field of battery based electric vehicles utilizing the combination of battery and supercapacitor to assist researchers in developing new and sustained technologies in the area.
Role of hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for primary optic nerve sheath meningioma

Abstract Background Optic nerve sheath meningiomas (ONSM) are rare tumors potentially causing visual deficits. This study aims to report the anatomic and visual outcomes of patients with primary ONSM treated with hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (HF-SRT). Methods Data of 36 patients treated with HF-SRT between 2008 and 2019 were retrospectively collected. The clinical target volume (CTV) was equal to the gross tumor volume and a 2 mm was added for the planning target volume. All responses other than progression were accepted as local control (LC). The VA grading was performed under 3 groups to provide an even distribution; 20/400 or worse, 20/40-20/400, and 20/40 or better. Results Median HF-SRT dose was 25 Gy and the median CTV was 1.94 cc. After a median of 106 months of follow-up, the tumor regressed in 23 (64%), was stable in 9 (25%), and progressed in 4 (11%) eyes. The overall rate of LC was 89% with 2-, 5-, 10-, and 15-year rate of 100%, 94%, 84%, and 84%, respectively. Treatment-related late toxicity rate was 11%. The VA was stable in 27 (75%) eyes, improved in 5 (14%) eyes, and worsened in 4 (11%) eyes, respectively, after HF-SRT. Female gender was the only independent predictor of an improved VA. Conclusions Hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy is a safe and satisfactory treatment option for primary ONSM without severe toxicity. It may be advisable to commence treatment before an established visual deficit of 20/400 or worse occurs, to make the most of the functional benefit.
Anomaly detection in hyperspectral imagery based on low-rank and sparse decomposition

This paper presents a novel low-rank and sparse decomposition (LSD) based model for anomaly detection in hyperspectral images. In our model, a local image region is represented as a low-rank matrix plus spares noises in the spectral space, where the background can be explained by the low-rank matrix, and the anomalies are indicated by the sparse noises. The detection of anomalies in local image regions is formulated as a constrained LSD problem, which can be solved efficiently and robustly with a modified “Go Decomposition” (GoDec) method. To enhance the validity of this model, we adapts a “simple linear iterative clustering” (SLIC) superpixel algorithm to efficiently generate homogeneous local image regions i.e. superpixels in hyperspectral imagery, thus ensures that the background in local image regions satisfies the condition of low-rank. Experimental results on real hyperspectral data demonstrate that, compared with several known local detectors including RX detector, kernel RX detector, and SVDD detector, the proposed model can comfortably achieves better performance in satisfactory computation time.
Serum gamma glutamyl transferase levels in metabolic syndrome in obese south Indian population

Background: Increased waist circumference in metabolic syndrome (MS), which reflects central obesity is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension and coronary vascular disease. Generation of free radicals in central obesity depletes intracellular glutathione, thereby induces release of gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) into circulation. Elevated GGT levels could be a marker of high oxidative stress which is known to be associated with central obesity and metabolic syndrome. Hence the aim of this study was to determine the association of GGT levels with components of metabolic syndrome in obese South Indian population. Materials and methods: In this case control study conducted at Master Health Check (MHC) Department, Sri Ramachandra Medical College, study population included 60 obese subjects with metabolic syndrome (cases) and 60 non obese subjects (controls) of South Indian population who were non-smokers and non-alcoholics, between the ages of 30-50 years. Components of metabolic syndrome such as waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, lipid profiles and GGT measured in both the groups. Data between cases and controls compared with unpaired student t-test. Pearson’s correlation was performed to find the association of GGT levels with other variables in Metabolic syndrome. Results: Serum GGT levels were significantly higher in metabolic syndrome patients (cases) than controls with p < 0.0001. High levels of serum GGT were also associated with increase in BP and atherogenic lipid levels and ratios. Conclusion: Elevated serum GGT levels were significantly associated with components of metabolic syndrome in obese South Indian population.
Comparison of iron fractions on the regulated and restored parts of the Rudnia River (NE Poland)

Abstract Hydrochemical investigations focusing on different iron fractions were conducted in 2007 from January to December on two parts (regulated and restored) of the small lowland Rudnia River in north-eastern Poland. Concentrations of the total iron (TFe) in the water of the Rudnia River ranged from 582 μg dm-3 up to 3646 μg dm-3, and their elevated values are clearly the result of their complex binding with organic matter originating from the peat-mineral catchment of the river. Regardless of the season, in the upper part of the river (regulated channel) higher concentrations of all iron fractions than in the restored river section were observed. All tests on iron fractions showed a clear seasonal variability on both river channel parts. Higher TFe concentrations were typical for the regulated part of the river in autumn or winter, and lower in spring for the restored river channel section. For the whole of the investigated period and regardless of the season, particulate iron fraction (PFe) represented a higher proportion of TFe in the regulated channel than in the restored one. PFe constituted up to 60% TFe, on average, while the other two fractions about 20% of TFe each. However, dissolved reactive iron fraction (DRFe) made up a larger percentage of TFe than organic soluble fraction (DOFe) of iron within the year. The maximum percentage of DOFe fraction outside the growing season was caused by iron release from organic complexes and elevated concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) derived from wetlands.
Mountain Communities in Central Asia: Networks and New Forms of Governance

Abstract Mountains have been an intergovernmental and transnational issue of growing importance for 15 years. Thanks to global conferences such as the UN Conference on Environment and Development in 1992 and regional treaties such as the Alpine Convention (1991), it is easier and increasingly useful for local communities to connect across borders. This growing will and capacity to be associated with intergovernmental initiatives is the result of a general trend in public affairs to bring together different stakeholders at various levels. However, the “voice” of mountain people sometimes remains outside debates and decision-making processes related to mountain development. The present article focuses on the emergence of a mountain community network in Central Asia. It addresses the issue of local governance and the international networking process to strengthen the “voice” of mountain people.
Be authentic! Analyzing the image management of digital nano-influencers

Purpose: The aim of the study was to understand how nano-influencers deal with managing their image with a view to achieving authenticity. Method: This research used a qualitative approach, with data constructed through semi-structured interviews and analyzed based on Thematic Analysis. Results: We recognized that the main objective of nano-influencers is to build their reputation, so that they develop organic and structuring content strategies that enhance their naturalness, expertise and accessibility. By reinforcing their authenticity, these nano-influencers have creative control over the content they develop, externalizing their identities and generating congruence between message and sender. The invasion of brands in their profiles, therefore, is minimal, so that they can be justified by the influencers' passion for the products, aiding a coherent construction of narratives. Theorical contributions: We found that nano-influencers develop a fairytale authenticity when analysing their endorsements of brands. However, by exposing their own brand, that is, the services they offer, the human brand that they are, these SMIs seek absolute authenticity, based on transparency and organicity, similarity and inseparability. This is a considerable advance in the literature, as we identified that the paths of authenticity can be different from the stakeholder it is aimed at (brands or followers). Originality/relevance: We proposed a theoretical model consisting of five elements that characterize the image management of nano-influencers. This is an unprecedented research movement to identify the constructs that form image management. We believe that such elements are guiding motives for the actions of SMIs, and we propose that variations in the types of influencers will affect the characteristics contained in these elements.
Cloud-to-ground lightning and upper-air patterns during bursts and breaks in the southwest monsoon

Abstract Convective bursts and breaks in the southwest U.S. monsoon are investigated in a lightning context because cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning is an excellent indicator of deep convection. Bursts and breaks are identified using six years of Bureau of Land Management CG lightning information. Composited upper-air analyses for 12 bursts and 10 breaks are developed to examine the synoptic-scale differences between these two regimes. Anomaly patterns are investigated, and average burst and break regimes am presented. This investigation shows the importance of moisture, the location of the subtropical ridge axis, and the high-plateau thermal low. For the burst, die ridge axis is displaced northward across Arizona and New Mexico and moisture is usually abundant in the southwestern United States. During the break, the ridge retreats southward into northern Mexico, giving way to dry westerly winds across Arizona. The high-plateau thermal low is firmly in place during July and August, and it pulls low-level mo.
Evaluación de resistencia a antibióticos en muestras de heces de terneros con diarrea en la región Cajamarca, Perú

La diarrea está asociada con bacterias infecciosas que ocasionan mortalidad en terneros como Escherichia coli, representando un problema para los productores de leche y carne a nivel global, provocando grandes pérdidas económicas. En este estudio se evaluó la resistencia a cepas de E. coli aisladas de heces diarreicas de terneros recién nacidos de la región Cajamarca. Se recolectaron 52 muestras de heces de terneros de cinco provincias de la región Cajamarca para el aislamiento de E. coli en agar MacConkey con sorbitol. La identificación molecular de E. coli se realizó mediante la amplificación del gen uidA por PCR convencional y luego se evaluó la susceptibilidad/resistencia a antibióticos utilizando la metodología de Kirby-Bauer y el uso de discos de antibiótico con neomicina, tetraciclina, sulfametoxazol-trimetroprim y enrofloxacina. Los resultados fueron que el 96.15 % de cepas de E. coli fueron resistentes a tetraciclina, el 51.92 % a sulfametropim, el 26.92 % a neomicina y el 9.61 % a enrofloxacina. También se demostró que el 30.76 % presentaban resistencia a dos fármacos, el 19.23 % a tres fármacos y el 5.76 % a cuatro fármacos; se encontró diferencia significativa de resistencia a tetraciclina (P<0.0001). Se concluye que los terneros neonatos de la región Cajamarca que presentaban diarrea son portadores de E. coli resistentes a antibióticos, representando un problema para los criadores de ganado vacuno, ya que estas cepas pueden causar la muerte de los animales y contribuyen a la diseminación de la resistencia de antibióticos.
Simulation of dimming and brightening in Europe from 1958 to 2001 using a regional climate model

[1] The present study applies a regional climate model with coupled aerosol microphysics and transport in order to simulate dimming and brightening in Europe from 1958 to 2001. Two simulations are performed, one with transient emissions and another with climatological mean emissions over the same period. Both simulations are driven at the lateral boundaries by the ERA-40 reanalysis and by large-scale aerosol concentrations stemming from a global simulation. We find distinct patterns of dimming and brightening in the aerosol optical depth and thus clear-sky downward surface shortwave radiation (SSR) in all analyzed subregions. The strongest brightening between 1973 and 1998 under clear-sky conditions is found in mid-Europe (+3.4 W m−2 per decade, in line with observations). However, the simulated all-sky SSR is dominated by the surface shortwave cloud radiative forcing (CRF). The correlation coefficient R between 5 year moving averages of the CRF and all-sky SSR equals 0.87 for all of Europe. Both model simulations show a similar evolution of cloud fraction and thus all-sky SSR due to the constrained circulation induced by the reanalysis at the lateral boundaries. For most subregions, the modeled differences in all-sky SSR due to transient versus climatological emissions are insignificant in comparison with estimates of the model's internal variability.
BITS: A Bayesian Isotope Turnover and Sampling model for strontium isotopes in proboscideans and its potential utility in movement ecology

Strontium isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr) of incrementally grown tissues have been widely used to study movement ecology and migration of animals. However, the time scale of 87Sr/86Sr incorporation from the environment into tissue and how it may influence data interpretation are still poorly understood. Using the relocation of a zoo elephant (Loxodonta africana) named Misha, we characterise and model the 87Sr/86Sr turnover process using high‐resolution measurements of its tusk dentine. We seek to develop a framework that can improve quantitative interpretation of 87Sr/86Sr data in tissues. The 87Sr/86Sr transition associated with the relocation is measured using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) on a prepared tusk slab. We develop a turnover model (BITS), with a rapidly exchanging central pool and a slowly exchanging peripheral pool, in a Bayesian statistical framework. The measured dentine data are first used to calibrate model parameters. The parameters are then used to estimate possible 87Sr/86Sr input time series from two datasets via model inversion: a fidelity test using Misha's dentine data and a case study using published dentine measurements from an Alaskan Woolly Mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius). The LA‐ICP‐MS data are consistent with a two‐compartment turnover process with equivalent half‐lives of 41 days for the central pool and 170 days for the peripheral pool. The model inversion shows good fidelity when estimating the intake 87Sr/86Sr time series associated with Misha's relocation. In the case study, the model suggests an abrupt pattern of change in, and a much wider range of, intake 87Sr/86Sr values than expressed in the woolly mammoth dentine data themselves. Our framework bridges the gap between environmental 87Sr/86Sr variation and data measured in tusk dentine or other incrementally grown tissues. It could be coupled with movement models and additional isotope tracers to study seasonal residency or the spatial and temporal patterns of movement/migration. The generic turnover processes can be adapted to other isotope systems, additional incremental tissues, or other organisms, thus expanding our modelling toolkit to investigate niche partitioning, life history traits and behavioural patterns in conservation biology, archaeology and paleoecology.
Cenozoic bending of New Zealand basement terranes and Alpine Fault displacement: A brief review

Abstract It is now possible to accurately reconstruct late Eocene‐Recent positions of the Australian plate with respect to the Pacific plate. Rates of plate displacement through New Zealand were slow in Eocene‐Oligocene time, and increased rapidly in Miocene time as the pole of rotation migrated southeast. Reconstruction of Maitai Terrane rocks suggests they had a smooth and continuously curved geometry through New Zealand in late Eocene time, which was probably similar to their Late Cretaceous configuration. This analysis implies that most or all Alpine Fault offset occurred after 45 Ma, and suggests about half the Eocene‐Recent plate displacement was partitioned onto the Alpine Fault, and half was accommodated by distributed crustal shear. Estimates of Pliocene and Quaternary Alpine Fault displacement rate suggest the proportion of plate boundary displacement partitioned onto the Alpine Fault may have increased with time, displacement rate, and total displacement.
Random wave runup height on gentle slope

An extensive series of labroatory tests were conducted and these tests led to the development of a formula to predict runup elevation of random waves on gentle, smooth and impermeable slopes, as a function of surf similarity parameter. On gentle slopes, a bore advancing into the shoreline cannot run up when the back‐rush of a preceding bore is large or when it is overtaken and captured by a subsequent large bore. No correspondence between individual running‐up bores and runup crests can be seen; the number of runup crests is reduces compared to the number of running‐up bores. This paper also proposed a formula for the ratio of the number of runup crests to that of incident waves; the formula can be used to estimate the mean repetition period of runup crests. The formulas proposed here are applicable to slopes, tan θ, ranging from 1/30 to 1/5 and to deep water significant wave steepness ranging from 0.007 to 0.07.
Tidal water table fluctuations in a sandy ocean beach

Tidal water table fluctuations observed for 27 days in a gently sloped ocean beach are predicted well by numerical models based on the Boussinesq equation driven with the observed 10 min‐averaged shoreline (ocean‐beach intersection) motion. Diurnal and semidiurnal water table fluctuations are almost completely damped 100 m landward of the mean shoreline location on this fine‐grained sand beach, but fluctuations at spring‐neap periods (≈14 days) are attenuated less. Comparison of the observations with the predictions suggests that the asymmetries in the water table level time series measured in this study result from nonlinearity owing to the large (relative to the wavelength) horizontal shoreline excursions, rather than from nonlinearity owing to finite‐amplitude water table fluctuations. Cross‐shore variations of the aquifer depth are predicted to have a small effect on the landward decay rate of the water table fluctuations. The seepage face width is predicted accurately and depends on the nonplanar beach profile. In general, the development of a seepage face is predicted to have little effect on the water table level landward of the intertidal region.
Evaluation of the Anti-microbial Efficacy of a Novel Endodontic Irrigant Against Enterococcus faecalis: An In Vitro Study

Introduction: Enterococcus faecalis is a constant microbiome that plays an inevitable role in the etiology of peri radicular lesions after endodontic treatment, chronic and, apical periodontitis and, recently, in periimplantitis. The effective biomechanical preparation and the use of potent irrigating solutions will permit bacterial neutralization and toxin inactivation, leading to the success of endodontic treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the "anti-microbial" efficacy of simvastatin (SMV) against E. faecalis as an endodontic irrigant. Materials and methods: In this invitro experimental study, the antimicrobial efficacy of SMV was evaluated against E. faecalis using the agar diffusion method. The samples were divided randomly into the following groups. GROUP 1: SMV solution 1 μM/L concentration, GROUP 2: SMV solution 5 μM/L concentration, GROUP 3: SMV solution 10 μM/L concentration, GROUP 4: 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) solution (positive control), and GROUP 5: normal saline (negative control). Linear measurement was done by measuring the zones of inhibition around the medicaments in the cavities in millimeters. Results were tabulated. Results: The results of the study have shown the zone of inhibition of Group 4 (2% CHX solution) is 19 mm, which demonstrated the best outcome. When comparing the test samples, Group 3 (SMV solution 10 M/L concentration) has the best zone of inhibition, measuring 14 mm, followed by Group 2 (SMV solution 5 M/L concentration), which is 9 mm. Conclusion: The results of this in vitro study have proven that SMV's anti-microbial activity, albeit less potent than CHX in this in vitro investigation, has demonstrated that it can be utilized as an efficient endodontic irrigant.