Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the applicability of pushover analysis for seismic evaluation of medium‐ and high‐rise buildings

The assumption that the dynamic performance of structures is mainly determined from the corresponding single‐degree‐of‐freedom system in pushover analysis is generally valid for low‐rise structures, where the structural behaviour is dominated by the first vibration mode. However, higher modes of medium‐ and high‐rise structures will have significant effect on the dynamic characteristics. In this paper, the applicability of pushover analysis for seismic evaluation of medium‐to‐high‐rise shear‐wall structures is investigated. The displacements and internal forces of shear wall structures with different heights are determined by nonlinear response history analysis, where the shear walls are considered as multi‐degree‐of‐freedom systems and modelled by fibre elements. The results of the analysis are compared with those from the pushover procedure. It is shown that pushover analysis generally underestimates inter‐storey drifts and rotations, in particular those at upper storeys of buildings, and overestimates the peak roof displacement at inelastic deformation stage. It is shown that neglecting higher mode effects in the analysis will significantly underestimate the shear force and overturning moment. It is suggested that pushover analysis may not be suitable for analysing high‐rise shear‐wall or wall‐frame structures. New procedures of seismic evaluation for shear‐wall and wall‐frame structures based on nonlinear response history analysis should be developed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Citizen complaints as a new source of information for local environmental governance

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to focus on the relevance of citizen complaints as a new source of information for local environmental governance. It represents an initial attempt to construct a fresh approach to the field.Design/methodology/approach – The paper comprises a brief literature review around the concept of environmental governance, the role played by institutions, and the challenges of local environmental governance; an empirical study of a Portuguese municipality based on environmental complaints submitted to its City Council and a comparative analysis between the results garnered from the empirical study and the areas of intervention in the Municipal Environmental Plan.Findings – The results suggest that the information gathered from public complaints on environmental issues has the potential to reveal the most significant environmental problems from the standpoint of local actors. This knowledge is relevant for self‐evaluation by local authorities whilst remaining a promising avenue.
Caregiver Perceptions of Child Diet Quality: What Influenced Their Judgment

This study aimed at assessing the correctness of a caregiver’s perception of their child’s diet status and to determine the factors which may influence their judgment. 815 child-caregiver pairs were recruited from two primary schools. 3-day 24-h recall was used to evaluate children’s dietary intake, Chinese Children Dietary Index (CCDI) was used to evaluate the dietary quality. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to explore the factors that could influence the correctness of caregiver’s perception. In the current study, 371 (62.1%) children with “high diet quality” and 35 (16.1%) children with “poor diet quality” were correctly perceived by their caregivers. Children who were correctly perceived as having “poor diet quality” consumed less fruits and more snacks and beverages than those who were not correctly perceived (p < 0.05). Obese children were more likely to be correctly identified as having “poor diet quality” (OR = 3.532, p = 0.040), and less likely to be perceived as having “high diet quality”, even when they had a balanced diet (OR = 0.318, p = 0.020). Caregivers with a high level of education were more likely to correctly perceive children’s diet quality (OR = 3.532, p = 0.042). Caregivers in this study were shown to lack the ability to correctly identify their children’s diet quality, especially amongst children with a “poor diet quality”. Obesity, significantly low consumption of fruits or high consumption of snacks can raise caregivers’ awareness of “poor diet quality”.
Structural Health Monitoring in the Railway Industry: A Review

Wayside detection monitors critical parameters relating to the condition of in-service railway vehicles. Economic decisions about the maintenance of vehicles can be made, and servicing can occur when a particular vehicle is likely to cause even small amounts of damage to the track, to itself, or when the cost of damage is significant, such as in catastrophic failure. Vehicles with poorly performing axle bearings, out-of-round (skidded or spalled) wheels, vehicles which exhibit transient lateral motion (‘hunting’), and vehicles with poorly performing brakes are all likely to fall into the category of requiring maintenance, in order to save the track and the vehicle owner's money. In the present paper, the parameters that define vehicle condition and their measurable effects are stated. There are frequently a number of wayside detection methods of inspecting a vehicle for the same vehicle condition and each of these is described in detail. This investigation reveals the need for further research to enable rollingstock owners to make better decisions about the cost of operating their vehicles, based on the output from wayside detectors and the observed trends in wheel impact.
The acquisition of flexible tool use in preschoolers the impact of prior experience

To investigate how preschoolers acquire a tool use strategy and how they adapt their tool use to a changed situation, 2- to 4-year-olds were asked to retrieve chips from a transparent box with a rod, either by stabbing and lifting through a top opening or by pushing through a front and a back opening. In both conditions, about 40% of the children acquired effective tool use by individual learning, and 90% of the other children learned this by observing only one demonstration. When confronted with a changed situation (i.e., previous opening covered, alternative opening uncovered), children perseverated with the recently learned, but now ineffective tool use strategy. Neither age nor acquisition type of the first strategy affected preschoolers' perseverations. Results indicate that prior tool use experiences have differential effects in situations that require either transferring known functions to novel objects or using a familiar tool for an alternative purpose.
On the relationship between cognitive load and the efficiency of distractor rejection in visual search: The case of motion-form conjunctions

ABSTRACT Search for a target defined by a conjunction of movement and shape (moving X amongst moving Os and static Xs) is efficient, with static distractors contributing little to RT. How search is restricted to the moving items, whilst static items are ignored is not fully understood. Whether, passive bottom-up, or active top-down control processes are recruited is unknown. The current study addressed this question by asking participants to search for a motion–shape conjunction target under a low (one-digit) or high (six-digit) memory load. In Experiment 1, the number of distractors with target motion (moving Os), shape (static Xs), or neither (static O) was varied. RT was most sensitive to the number of moving items, less sensitive to the number of target-shaped items, and insensitive to the number of items without target features. A six-digit load slowed responding, but the effect of increasing distractor numerosity remained unchanged. Experiment 2 compared conjunction against feature (moving X amongst moving and static Os) search. Both searches were slowed by a high memory load but search slope remained unchanged. The results are consistent with the idea that sustained distractor rejection in motion–form conjunction search is largely insensitive to cognitive load.
Models and modeling: be careful and use your imagination

When not soldering, engineers continuously deal with models when analyzing, designing, and implementing. There are two phases in modeling: utilization, and creation. Model utilization is common practice, and does not necessitate further comment other than "make the right choice and use the model carefully. " The tutorial addresses the first phase briefly and shows how erroneous results may occur when care is not exercised. The second phase is much more subtle: it requires delicate measurements, extreme perception, and/or excellent imagination. Memnristors and memnristive systems, a perfect illustration of "using imagination," are presented and discussed at length. Their recent realization as a nano-chip by HP is a very good example of "history repeating itself," and proof of how "an electrical element that was postulated almost fifty years ago to exist, became a reality. " The tutorial concludes with some reactions to and comments about this new device.
Comparison of GaN and 6H-SiC p-i-n photodetectors with excellent ultraviolet sensitivity and selectivity

We fabricated GaN and 6H-SiC p-i-n photodetectors and compared their electrical and optical characteristics. The GaN diodes suffered from significant leakage current of 37 /spl mu/A/mm/sup 2/ at -5 V, while the SiC diode leakage current was below the noise level at 10 pA/mm/sup 2/ at -20 V. The built-in potentials and the unintentional "i-layer" doping densities were obtained from capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements. The SiC detectors exhibited a broad spectral response in contrast to the abrupt cutoff observed in the GaN detectors. The peak responsivities of the GaN and SiC photodetectors corresponded to internal quantum efficiencies of 57% at 3.42 eV and 82% at 4.49 eV, respectively. Furthermore, both detectors exhibited excellent visible rejection ratios which is needed for solar-blind applications. The response times at zero bias were 18 and 102 ns for the GaN and SiC detectors, respectively.
The Influence of e-WOM Information Characteristics on Learning Trust and e-WOM Intention Among Online Learning

In this study, the characteristics of e-WOM information within non-face-to-face online learning were derived to reveal its impact on online learning trust among online learners, and whether learning trust affects e-WOM. According to the purpose of this study, a survey was conducted on users who experienced non-face-to-face learning to clarify the research hypothesis, using SPSS 20.1 for reliability analysis and AMOS 21 for the collected final samples. Through the empirical analysis results of the research, it can be confirmed that consensus, vividness, and neutrality are influencing factors inducing e-WOM intention and the efficiency of online learning education promotion among online learning students. An empirical and in-depth analysis of online learning education was possible as an important information channel for users through online learning. Based on this, it is expected that use e-WOM will be a meaningful promotion of through non-face-to-face online education use of all online education institutions.
Recent Trends in Fascinating Applications of Nanotechnology in Allied Health Sciences

The increased advancement in nanosciences in recent times has led to fascinating innovations. It has potential applications for altering the structural, surface, and physicochemical properties of nano-ranged metamaterials. The adaptable optical, structural, and surface characteristics of the nanoscopic regimes enhance the quality of integrated nanodevices and sensors. These are further used in optoelectronics, biomedicines, and catalysis. The use of nanomaterials for constructing nano-biosensors and various other organic and inorganic functional nanomaterials is quite promising. They have excellent electronic and surface-to-volume reactivity. Their various applications include metal and metal-oxides-based nanoparticles, clusters, wires, and 2D nanosheets as carbon nanotubes. More recently, hybrid nanomaterials are being developed to regulate sensing functionalities in the field of nanomedicine and the pharmaceutical industry. They are used as nano-markers, templates, and targeted agents. Moreover, the mechanical strength, chemical stability, durability, and flexibility of the hybrid nanomaterials make them appropriate for developing a healthy life for humans. This consists of a variety of applications, such as drug delivery, antimicrobial impacts, nutrition, orthopedics, dentistry, and fluorescence fabrics. This review article caters to the essential importance of nanoscience for biomedical applications and information for health science and research. The fundamental characteristics and functionalities of nanomaterials for particular biomedical uses are specifically addressed here.
Attack Methodology Analysis: Emerging Trends in Computer-Based Attack Methodologies and Their Applicability to Control System Networks

Threat characterization is a key component in evaluating the threat faced by control systems. Without a thorough understanding of the threat faced by critical infrastructure networks, adequate resources cannot be allocated or directed effectively to the defense of these systems. Traditional methods of threat analysis focus on identifying the capabilities and motivations of a specific attacker, assessing the value the adversary would place on targeted systems, and deploying defenses according to the threat posed by the potential adversary. Too many effective exploits and tools exist and are easily accessible to anyone with access to an Internet connection, minimal technical skills, and a significantly reduced motivational threshold to be able to narrow the field of potential adversaries effectively. Understanding how hackers evaluate new IT security research and incorporate significant new ideas into their own tools provides a means of anticipating how IT systems are most likely to be attacked in the future. This research, Attack Methodology Analysis (AMA), could supply pertinent information on how to detect and stop new types of attacks. Since the exploit methodologies and attack vectors developed in the general Information Technology (IT) arena can be converted for use against control system environments, assessing areas in which cuttingmore » edge exploit development and remediation techniques are occurring can provide significance intelligence for control system network exploitation, defense, and a means of assessing threat without identifying specific capabilities of individual opponents. Attack Methodology Analysis begins with the study of what exploit technology and attack methodologies are being developed in the Information Technology (IT) security research community within the black and white hat community. Once a solid understanding of the cutting edge security research is established, emerging trends in attack methodology can be identified and the gap between those threats and the defensive capabilities of control systems can be analyzed. The results of the gap analysis drive changes in the cyber security of critical infrastructure networks to close the gap between current exploits and existing defenses. The analysis also provides defenders with an idea of how threat technology is evolving and how defenses will need to be modified to address these emerging trends. « less
Visually Prototyping Physical UIs through Statecharts

Processor enabled products, each with its own user interface, have pervaded everyday life. To facilitate interaction design exploration for novel devices, we have developed d.tools, a design tool for prototyping the bits and the atoms of physical user interfaces in concert. It enables designers without specialized engineering or programming knowledge to quickly build functional interactive prototypes. d.tools offers a visual authoring environment that allows for drag-and-drop specification of interaction models for tangible user interfaces in a matter of minutes.
Association between occupational physical activity and quantitative bone ultrasound in sawmill workers

A small number of studies have examined the relationship between bone health and level of physical load. We explored the effect of occupational physical activity on skeletal status in younger sawmill workers using ultrasonic indices of bone density. In a cross-sectional study, we measured bone density with quantitative ultrasound (QUS) in 128 sawmill workers (89 men and 39 women), mean age 39.1 +/- 10.8 years. Back strength was measured by dynamometry. Information on occupational and leisure physical activity, joint pain, education and smoking were obtained with the questionnaire. All QUS bone parameters and back strength were significantly higher in men than in women. A T score for quantitative ultrasound index (QUI) of − 2.2 or lower was found only in two men and one women. QUI did not significantly differ based on presence of parameters of physical occupational activity (carrying loads exceeding 5 kg, repetitive movements, physical exertion while working and non-sitting position at work). When controlling for age, gender and body mass index, participants with higher smoking index had significantly lower QUI (p=0.004). Physical workload was not significantly associated with QUI. In our working population, some lifestyle habits, such as smoking, had a greater impact on bone health than physical occupational activity.
Enhanced Flexibility for Steam Power Plants via Model Based Feedforward Control

Abstract The recent energy market developments along with an ongoing increase of renewable energy feed-in set new demands on flexibility and maneuverability of large-scale steam power plants. Some aspects of these increased demands can be met by a model based feedforward control concept. The model based feedforward control concept fits perfectly into existing control concepts by simply replacing the existing feedforward control strategy without affecting the feedback control. The aims of the improved control concept are twofold: Enhanced load following capabilities shall be achieved while ensuring efficient operation of the power plant. Efficient operation is important from an economic point of view as well as in terms of life time consumption of actuators and other components. These are conflictive goals that need to be compromised adequately. Therefore, the process dynamics have to be taken into account. While other boundary conditions like actuator limitations are already at their limits, better knowledge of the process dynamics and its use in the control concept is likely to show considerable potential for improvement. In order to capture the process dynamics appropriately, a detailed dynamic model that is valid over a wide operation range is necessary. This process model as well as some aspects of model based feedforward control in steam power plants is subject of this contribution.
Recent progress in diamond radiation detectors

Abstract This paper reviews recent progress in diamond radiation detectors. Diamond is an ultra-wide gap (5.5 eV) semiconducting material which has several ideal properties for radiation detectors, such as solar blindness, high temperature operation, and fast response. Furthermore, diamond has near tissue-equivalence due to its low atomic number (Z = 6) and chemical stability due to its strong covalent bonds. Because of these features, diamond has long been used as a radiation detector in the fields of nuclear engineering, nuclear fusion, high energy physics and medical therapy. Until the 1990s, most of the research was conducted using selected high purity natural diamonds. Since the 2000s, the detector characteristics of synthetic diamond detectors have been greatly improved by achieving high purity diamond by microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Single-crystal CVD diamonds present best characteristics for spectroscopy in diamond radiation detectors. For applications requiring large sensitive areas, polycrystalline CVD diamond is mostly used. Heteroepitaxial diamond detectors are a promising alternative to increase the area of spectroscopic diamond radiation detectors. For applications in extreme environments, high radiation flux which leads to polarization effects is a crucial issue. Even with diamond, which has excellent radiation hardness, degradation of detector characteristics due to irradiation is inevitable. Detectors designed with small carrier travel distances, such as membrane diamond detectors and three-dimensional diamond radiation detectors, are effective ways to mitigate the degradation.
Determinants of adherence to antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV/AIDS in Chhattisgarh, India

Background: Achieving the WHO 2020 treatment goals will not only depend on access to HIV treatment, but also on good adherence. Chhattisgarh SACS under guidance of CST division NACO and community and family medicine department AIIMS, Raipur undertook this study to investigate the major factors that influence the adherence of PLHIV visiting ART centres of Chhattisgarh.Methods: From five ART centres, 415 participants were interviewed through simple random sampling method through a semi structured interview schedule. Results: We found that 346 of the 415 (83.3%) patients had ≤95% adherence to ART on the basis of pill count method. Major proportion (90.0%) of patients were on TLE regimen, among them (74.4%) were non-adherent. An association was found between health condition of patient, poor life style and adherence rate. Three-month drug dispensation was recommended by most of the participants to improve adherence.Conclusions: Multiple months drug dispension along with other innovative approaches should be tailored made to improve the adherence and compliance among PLHIV individuals.
A Feeling for Systems Development Work: - Design of the ROSA Project

This article is based on the design of a research project that will look at intuition, learning processes, language and roles in the development of computer systems. The research project, called ROSA (a Danish acronym for Roles and Cooperation in Systems Development) grew out of our interest in the informal working practices among systems developers, because it is these informal working relationships that are most often overlooked in research about computer science methods and tools. The project applies a gender perspective to look at the informal work relations of systems developers. The concept of a gender perspective means that we do not intend to look for, or prove, the existence of differences between men and women, but rather to use gender awareness to ''listen to'' and get a ''feeling for'' how systems developers work together. Our research methods are interdisciplinary and based on action-oriented, participatory methods that help system developers reflect on their own working practices.