Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PILLET-GAN: Pixel-Level Lesion Traversal Generative Adversarial Network for Pneumonia Localization

The study of pneumonia localization focus on the problem of accurate lesion localization in the thoracic X-ray image. It is crucial to provide precisely localized regions to users. It can lay out the basis of the model decision by comparing the X-ray image between the ‘Healthy’ and ‘Disease’ classes. In particular, for the medical image analysis, it is essential not only to make a correct prediction for the disease but also to provide evidence to support accurate predictions. Many generative adversarial networks (GAN) based approaches are employed to show the pixel-level changes via domain translation technique to address this issue. Although previous research tried to improve localization performance by understanding the domain’s attributes for better image translation, it remains challenging to capture the specific category’s pixel-level changes. For this reason, we focus on the stage of understanding the category attributes. We propose a Pixel-Level Lesion Traversal Generative Adversarial Network (PILLET-GAN) that mines spatial features for the category via spatial attention technique and fuses them into an original feature map extracted from the generator for better domain translation. Our experimental results show that PILLET-GAN achieves superior performance compared to the state-of-the-art models on qualitative and quantitative results on the RSNA-pneumonia dataset.
S3-Leitlinie Therapie des Typ-1-Diabetes

2.2. 2 Idiopathischer Typ-1-Diabetes 5 3 Therapieziele 5 4 Therapie des Typ-1-Diabetes 9 4.1 Insulintherapie 9 4.1. 1 Individueller Insulinbedarf 9 4.1. 2 Intraindividuelle Variation der Insulinwirkung 10 4.1. 3 Strategien der Insulintherapie 11 4.1. 4 Insulinarten 12 4.1. 5 Insulinapplikation 15 4.2 CSII/rtCGM 18 4.2. 1 CSII 18 4.2.2 Blutglukoseselbstmessung 20 4.2. 3 rtCGM und iscCGM (FGM) 20 4.3 Ernährung 22 4.4 Schulung/strukturierte Schulungsund Behandlungsprogramme 23
Cell class-specific electric field entrainment of neural activity

Electric fields affect the activity of neurons and brain circuits, yet how this interaction happens at the cellular level remains enigmatic. Lack of understanding on how to stimulate the human brain to promote or suppress specific activity patterns significantly limits basic research and clinical applications. Here we study how electric fields impact the subthreshold and spiking properties of major cortical neuronal classes. We find that cortical neurons in rodent neocortex and hippocampus as well as human cortex exhibit strong and cell class-dependent entrainment that depends on the stimulation frequency. Excitatory pyramidal neurons with their typically slower spike rate entrain to slow and fast electric fields, while inhibitory classes like Pvalb and SST with their fast spiking predominantly phase lock to fast fields. We show this spike-field entrainment is the result of two effects: non-specific membrane polarization occurring across classes and class-specific excitability properties. Importantly, these properties of spike-field and class-specific entrainment are present in cells across cortical areas and species (mouse and human). These findings open the door to the design of selective and class-specific neuromodulation technologies.
Computational Mesoscale Framework for Biological Clustering and Fractal Aggregation

Complex hierarchical clustering mediated by diffusion and reaction is ubiquitous to many naturally occurring phenomena. The aggregates typically exhibit a fractal behavior or non-integer size scaling compared to their intrinsic dimensionality (2 – 3 dimensions). Such fractal aggregates have attracted attention in studying biological (i.e. bronchi and nervous system morphogenesis, blood clotting) and synthetic (i.e. colloids, polymers, catalysts, nano-dendrites, multicellular organisms) systems. In general, biological clustering can occur on a wide range of spatial/temporal scales, and depending on the type of interactions, multiple mechanisms (or stages) can be involved. As a consequence, the modeling of biological clustering is typically a challenging task, requiring the use of a variety of methods to capture the characteristic behavior of specific biological systems. Herein, we proposed a generalized-mesoscale-clustering (GMC) framework that incorporates hydrodynamic interactions, bonding, and surface tension effects. This framework allows for studying both static and dynamic states of cluster development. We showcase the framework using a variety of biological clustering mechanisms, and further illustrate its versatility to model different scales, focusing on blood-related clustering ranging from fibrin network formation to platelet aggregation. Besides the introduction of the mesoscale clustering framework, we show that a single biomarker (such as fractal dimension) is insufficient to fully characterize and distinguish different cluster structures (morphologies). To overcome this limitation, we propose a comprehensive characterization that relates the structural properties of the cluster using four key parameters, namely the fractal dimension, pore-scale diffusion, as well as the characteristic times for initiation and consolidation of the cluster. Additionally, we show that the GMC framework allows tracking of bond density providing another biomarker for cluster temporal evolution and final steady-state. Furthermore, this feature and built-in hydrodynamics interactions offer the potential to investigate cluster mechanical properties in a variety of biological systems.
Solving a partial differential equation associated with the pricing of power options with time‐dependent parameters

Previous analysis and research on the power option – one of the exotic options – have focused on the interest rate of the stock and its volatility as constant parameters throughout the run of execution. In this paper, we attempt to extend these results to the more practical and realistic case of when these parameters are time dependent. By making no ansatz or relying on ad hoc methods, we are able to achieve this via an algorithmic method – the Lie group approach – leading to exact solutions for the power option problem. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TESTING PRACTICES, MINORITY GROUPS, AND HIGHER EDUCATION: A REVIEW AND DISCUSSION OF THE RESEARCH1,2

This paper reviews some of the specific issues that underlie the controversy concerning the use of objective tests by institutions of higher education, as this use affects the selection and attendance by members of minority groups, or those persons designated by the term “disadvantaged. ” Following a discussion of the issues, a review of the research literature attempts to reveal what is known about each of them; this is followed by some suggestions for future research efforts.
Advanced probe head for perpendicular recording

Basic design and recording performance of the advanced probe heads are described. Excellent writability of the advanced probe heads is demonstrated by a series of overwrite (OW) and nonlinear transition shift (NLTS) saturation measurements. Write currents as low as 5 mA/sub o-p/ are required for recording. Excellent OW can be obtained with both high and low OW ratios. Media with vibrating sample magnetometry coercivities as high as 7000 Oe can be recorded with OW of 30 dB. Better than -14 dB of NLTS was measured at a linear density of 600 kfci. Minimal side-writing has been observed using the advanced probe heads with square pole shape. External field sensitivity of the advanced probe heads has also been shown to be excellent as larger than 58 Oe of external field is required to erase a low density signal on a 3380-Oe disk. Modeling results also show that the basic architecture of advanced probe head is extendible to 0.1 /spl mu/m square pole.
Laser direct writing of channel waveguides using spin‐on polymers

A focused argon‐ion laser beam (λ=350 nm) is used to fabricate optical channel waveguides on oxidized silicon wafers using a commerically available spin‐on polymer. The polymerization process is photon induced, thus allowing the reaction to occur in a room‐temperature ambient. This allows the fabrication of waveguides on a variety of substrates including those with low melting points. The losses in these waveguides are typically less then 1 dB/cm, making them applicable to a variety of optical interconnect problems. In particular, we demonstrate their use in the fabrication of an optical power tap.
Observability of the isotropic component of a moment tensor

SUMMARY The observability of the isotropic component of a general moment tensor is investigated by carefully examining its resolvability from the other components. It is shown that the portion of seismograms between the first P-wave arrival and just before the arrival of the first surface wavetrain, which contains many different body-wave phases, can be used to constrain the isotropic component of deep earthquakes. CMT inversion using this portion of the seismogram for major deep earthquakes has revealed that there is no significant isotropic component for deep earthquakes. This conclusion contradicts some earlier studies, for example Dziewonski & Gilbert (1974), who found significant isotropic components of deep earthquakes by analysing normal-mode data. It is shown that the isotropic component of deep earthquakes cannot be resolved independently from the vertical CLVD component of the moment tensor by analysing the type of normal-mode data above 2mHz that previous researchers used. At the same time, however, the possibility of resolving the isotropic component using normal-mode data below 2 mHz is suggested.
Steady state solutions of a bi-stable quasi-linear equation with saturating flux

In this paper, we consider the bi-stable equation proposed by Rosenau to replace the Allen–Cahn equation in the case of large gradients. We discuss the bifurcation problem for stationary solutions of this equation on an interval as the diffusion coefficient and the length of the interval are varied, concentrating on classical solutions.
Consequences of a past encounter of the earth with an interstellar cloud

In its motion through the galaxy the sun may have suffered a number of encounters with dense interstellar clouds for which the number density of molecular hydrogen H2 is > 10³ cm−3. Several authors have shown that this is sufficient density to stop the solar wind inside the earth's orbit. The earth's atmosphere would be subjected to an interstellar H2 flux of > 7×109 cm−2 s−1 for periods of ∼ 105 years. We have examined by means of simple scaling arguments several consequences for the earth's atmosphere: (1) the ionospheric F-region would largely disappear; (2) the water vapor content of the middle atmosphere would be greatly enhanced, reducing the mesospheric ozone concentrations and thereby lowering the average temperature and altitude of the mesopause; (3) as a result of (2), widespread mesospheric ice clouds would occur, increasing the planetary albedo; (4) the resultant radiative cooling at the surface may have been sufficient to "trigger" an ice age.
Pilzinfektionen in der Intensivmedizin

Invasive Pilzinfektionen (Invasive Fungal Infections, IFI) sind in der Intensivmedizin zunehmend. Oftmals sind sie sogar der primäre Grund zur Aufnahme auf eine Intensivstation (ITS), z. B. bei immunsupprimierten, hämatoonkologischen Patienten. In der (operativen) Intensivmedizin können IFI als Komplikation schwerer Grunderkrankungen oder als infektiologische Komplikation bei Immunsuppression (z. B. nach Organtransplantation) bzw. einer alterierten Immunfunktion (z. B. im Rahmen der Sepsis und des septischen Schocks) auftreten. Es existiert eine Vielzahl fungaler Erreger (s. Übersicht in der Infobox; modifiziert nach [1]), die mitunter schwerste Infektionen auslösen können. Intensivmedizinisch häufig sind v. a. die Hefepilze (Candida spp. und Cryptococcus neoformans) und Schimmelpilze (v. a. Aspergillus spp.) Auslöser schwerer Infektionen. Aber auch Mucor spp. oder Absidia spp. treten gelegentlich auf.
Interstellar isothiocyanic acid

Isothiocyanic acid (HNCS) has been identified in Sgr B2 from millimeter-wave spectral line observations. We have definitely detected three rotational lines, and have probably detected two others. The rotational temperatuer of HNCS in Sgr B2 is 14 +- 5 K, its column density is 2.5 +- 1.0 x 10/sup 13/ cm/sup -2/, and its abundance relative to HNCO is consistent with the cosmic S/O ratio, 1/42.
Psychosoziales und Diabetes (Teil 2)

4.5. Angststörungen und diabetesbezogene Ängste 4.5.1. Definition 4.5. 2. Epidemiologie 4.5. 3. Wechselwirkung zwischen Diabetes und komorbiden Angststörungen 4.5. 4. Screening und Diagnostik von Angststörungen und diabetesbezogenen Ängsten 4.5. 5. Therapie von Angststörungen bei Menschen mit Diabetes 4.5. 6. Zusammenfassung der gestuften Therapieschritte 4.6. Essstörungen 4.6. 1. Definition 4.6. 2. Epidemiologie 4.6. 2.1. Essstörungen bei Patienten mit Typ-1-Diabetes 4.6. 2.2. Essstörungen bei Patienten mit Typ-2-Diabetes 4.6. 2.3. Prävalenz des InsulinPurgings 4.6. 3. Wechselwirkung zwischen Diabetes und komorbiden Essstörungen 4.6. 3.1. Qualität der Stoffwechseleinstellung und Gewichtsverlauf bei essgestörten Patienten mit Diabetes 4.6. 3.2. Diabetesbedingte Folgekomplikationen bei essgestörten Patienten mit Diabetes 4.6. 3.3. Anorexia nervosa und InsulinPurging als Risikofaktoren für Patienten mit Typ-1-Diabetes 4.6. 4. Diagnostik 4.6. 5. Therapie 4.6. 5.1. Behandlung von Essstörungen bei Menschen mit Typ-1-Diabetes Inhaltsverzeichnis
Upper limits on the isotropic gravitational radiation background from pulsar timing analysis

A pulsar and the Earth may be thought of as end masses of a free-mass gravitational wave antenna in which the relative motion of the masses is monitored by observing the Doppler shift of the pulse arrival times. Using timing residuals from PSR 1133+16, 1237+25, 1604-00, and 2045-16, an upper limit to the spectrum of the isotropic gravitational radiation background has been derived in the frequency band 4 x 10/sup -9/ to 10/sup -7/ Hz. This limit is found to be S/sub E/ = 10/sup 21/f/sup 3/ ergs cm/sup -3/ Hz/sup -1/, where S/sub E/ is the energy density spectrum and f is the frequency in Hz. This would limit the energy density at frequencies below 10/sup -8/ Hz to be 1.4 x 10/sup -4/ times the critical density.
The Distribution of Massive Stars in the Galaxy. I. The Wolf-Rayet Stars

Using spectroscopic parallax, the heliocentric and Galactocentric distances of nearly all of the 157 known Wolf-Rayet stars in the Galaxy were determined. Their distribution both within and perpendicular to the Galactic plane was investigated. The overall distribution within the plane reveals spiral features which are in accord with other determinations of Galactic structure. In addition, it was found that the Galactocentric location of Wolf-Rayet stars is dependent on Wolf-Rayet subtype, with late WC stars strongly confined to regions within the solar circle. However, there is only a marginal variation in the WC/WN number ratio with distance from the Galactic center. The distribution of Wolf-Rayet stars in the direction perpendicular to the plane reveals that these objects are closely confined to, but distributed asymmetrically about, the Galactic plane; the verical scale height of the distribution is about 45 pc. It is found that the sun is located about 15 pc above the plane defined by these extreme Population I objects. 54 refs.
Non-linearity in Bayesian 1-D magnetotelluric inversion

SUMMARY This paper applies a Bayesian approach to examine non-linearity for the 1-D magnetotelluric (MT) inverse problem. In a Bayesian formulation the posterior probability density (PPD), which combines data and prior information, is interpreted in terms of parameter estimates and uncertainties, which requires optimizing and integrating the PPD. Much work on 1-D MT inversion has been based on (approximate) linearized solutions, but more recently fully non-linear (numerical) approaches have been applied. This paper directly compares results of linearized and non-linear uncertainty estimation for 1-D MT inversion; to do so, advanced methods for both approaches are applied. In the non-linear formulation used here, numerical optimization is carried out using an adaptive-hybrid algorithm. Numerical integration applies Metropolis-Hastings sampling, rotated to a principal-component parameter space for efficient sampling of correlated parameters, and employing non-unity sampling temperatures to ensure global sampling. Since appropriate model parametrizations are generally not known a priori, both under- and overparametrized approaches are considered. For underparametrization, the Bayesian information criterion is applied to determine the number of layers consistent with the resolving power of the data. For overparametrization, prior information is included which favours simple structure in a manner similar to regularized inversion. The data variance and/or trade-off parameter regulating data and prior information are treated in several ways, including applying fixed optimal estimates (an empirical Bayesian approach) or including them as hyperparameters in the sampling (hierarchical Bayesian). The latter approach has the benefit of accounting for the uncertainty in the hyperparameters in estimating model parameter uncertainties. Non-linear and linearized inversion results are compared for synthetic test cases and for the measured COPROD1 MT data by considering marginal probability distributions and marginal profiles. In some cases, important differences are indicated, including poorer sensitivity to thin and/or low-conductivity layers for linearized inversion, and multimodal PPDs which cannot be addressed within a linearized approach.
Implementation of High Gain and High Bandwidth CMOS Op-Amp using 180nm SCL Technology

Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) technology is gradually scaled down to provide a high-speed, low-power, high-density, and low-cost digital system. Due to the CMOS technology’s quick progress, single-chip solutions are starting to look appealing for systems that are getting more complicated. One of the most fundamental elements in analog IC design is the operational amplifier (Op-Amp), the most flexible and often utilized element in electronic devices. Op amps are essential building elements in many analog subsystems, including analog-to-digital converters, switched-capacitor filters, digital-to-analog converters, regulators, and voltage references. Many different electrical applications deal with inputs from low signals, including biomedical signals. These systems require certain amplifiers, which must have significant gains and wide bandwidths. This work presents the design and analysis of a regular purpose CMOS amplifier using 180 nm SCL Technology node to simultaneously achieve very high gain and high bandwidth. With a load capacitance of 100 fF and a supply voltage of 1.8 V, we performed a gain of over 60 dB and a bandwidth of 1 GHz after simulating the Cadence environment for the 180 nm SCL technology node. Our proposed op-amp has been tested for the different temperature ranges of 0oC to 80oC and in various process states like NN, SS, and FF where it is functional across all these ranges and finally compared with existing relevant works.
Optimizing Stimulus Frequency Ranges for Building a High-Rate High Frequency SSVEP-BCI

The brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) based on steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) have been extensively explored due to their advantages in terms of high communication speed and smaller calibration time. The visual stimuli in the low- and medium-frequency ranges are adopted in most of the existing studies for eliciting SSVEPs. However, there is a need to further improve the comfort of these systems. The high-frequency visual stimuli have been used to build BCI systems and are generally considered to significantly improve the visual comfort, but their performance is relatively low. The distinguishability of 16-class SSVEPs encoded by the three frequency ranges, i.e., 31-34.75 Hz with an interval of 0.25 Hz, 31-38.5 Hz with an interval of 0.5 Hz, 31-46 Hz with an interval of 1 Hz, is explored in this study. We compare classification accuracy and information transfer rate (ITR) of the corresponding BCI system. According to the optimized frequency range, this study builds an online 16-target high frequency SSVEP-BCI and verifies the feasibility of the proposed system based on 21 healthy subjects. The BCI based on visual stimuli with the narrowest frequency range, i.e., 31-34.5 Hz, have the highest ITR. Therefore, the narrowest frequency range is adopted to build an online BCI system. An averaged ITR obtained from the online experiment is 153.79 ±6.39 bits/min. These findings contribute to the development of more efficient and comfortable SSVEP-based BCIs.
A Micro Scaled Dual Element MIMO Antenna with Improved Isolation for Terahertz Applications

A dual-element MIMO antenna with enhanced bandwidth of 0.038THz (0.457-0.495THz) by using DGS is presented for THz applications. By utilising a rectangular slot in the ground plane, the suggested MIMO antenna's maximum return loss and isolation are, respectively, -28dB and -31.8dB at the resonant frequency (0.475THz). The diversity performance of MIMO is also studied with ECC < 0.001, DG ≤ 9.98dB and mean effective gain (MEG)-ratio within ±3 dB. The 720×520× 60μm3 dimension Rogers RO4003 substrate, which has a εr of 3.55 and a loss tangent of 0.0027, serves as the foundation for the proposed MIMO antenna. The planned MIMO radio wire is reasonable for fast brief distance correspondence, video rate imaging, and detecting in the THz band.
Pedestrian Orientation Estimation based on Super Resolution of LiDAR Data

Pedestrian detection for autonomous driving has been intensively studied in the past two decades. Especially, with the development of deep neural networks, the performance of pedestrian detection has been significantly improved. However, more details information is needed for autonomous driving in urban environments. Pedestrian body orientation is meaningful information to indicate the pedestrian's walking direction, and pedestrian orientation estimation from the camera sensor has been proposed in previous research. Still, there are few discussions for the pedestrian orientation estimation from LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) sensor. This research proposes to estimate pedestrian orientation from LiDAR data using deep neural network-based super-resolution to overcome the low-resolution issue of LiDAR sensors. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method can achieve satisfactory performance. The proposed system can be used as compensation for the camera-based pedestrian orientation estimation.
Analytical Design Procedure of Synchronous Reluctance Motor and its Validation through FEA

This paper presents a comprehensive study on the design procedure of the synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM). Stator design is similar to other three-phase machines, such as induction machine and PMSM. However, the anisotropic rotor has a complex geometry. Optimum selection of several geometrical design parameters such as shape, size and end position of the barriers need special attention during design to achieve satisfactory performance. For validation of the design procedure, an illustrative example is analytically designed. Electromagnetic and stress analyses are performed using finite-element in commercial design software ANSYS-Maxwell and workbench, respectively. The study also validates SynRM as an efficient, robust, rugged alternative for induction motor.