Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Direct Torque Control Schemes for Dual Three-Phase PMSM Considering Unbalanced DC-Link Voltages

As a dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (DTP-PMSM) is fed by two DC voltage source inverters (VSIs), the DC-link voltages may become unbalanced. The conventional direct torque control (DTC) schemes under unbalanced DC-link voltages generate large current harmonics and unbalanced stator currents in two sets of windings, which reduce the efficiency and maximum output power of DTP-PMSM. To solve these problems, DTC schemes considering unbalanced DC-link voltages are proposed in this study to improve the performance of DTP-PMSM. First, the variation law of voltage vectors decomposed into the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\bm{\alpha} \text{-} \bm{\beta}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and <italic>x-y</italic> subspaces is analyzed under unbalanced DC-link voltages. Then, two or three sets of new virtual vectors synthesized by three nonzero vectors are developed to retain the voltage in the <italic>x-y</italic> subspace at zero. Moreover, to extend the applicable range, two DTC schemes switch the virtual vector sets with changes in the DC-link voltage ratio (<italic>u<sub>dc</sub></italic><sub>1</sub>/<italic>u<sub>dc</sub></italic><sub>2</sub>). Switching points are theoretically analyzed. Subsequently, their performances are analyzed, including DC-link voltage utilization and ripple current. Finally, experiments are performed to verify the feasibility of the proposed schemes in steady-state and dynamic conditions.
USING MULTIPLE 2-D PROJECTIONS TO CHARACTERIZE 3-D IRREGULAR PARTICLES

This study investigates how multiple 2-dimensional (2D) projections of a particle could be used to estimate various properties of its 3D geometry. Individual, irregular rock particles were imaged from multiple selected directions using a digital camera. The images were analyzed quantitatively using commercial image-analysis software. This study examined the areas of the projection, how this area varies with direction, and how the results can be used to estimate the properties of the 3D particle. Since the volume of each particle could not be measured directly, the volume was obtained by independent means. Each rock was weighed and the weight multiplied by a density obtained from the regular and frequent values obtained by the process control department of the quarry. Fully crushed rocks from 4 different size groups were examined. River-rounded rocks of two size groups were also imaged and the differences were easily detectable by the imaging method. A total of 126 rocks and 4 regularly shaped objects were imaged and about 2500 images were analyzed. The statistics from the individual particles were then used to estimate the properties of large assemblies of rocks. In this initial study, only size and shape are considered in detail. The results show that potential uses for the multiple view technique include: (a) providing a numerical and unambiguous characterization of the shape of particles; (b) estimation of the size distribution of products when using image analysis systems to view rock products "on line;" (c) identifying and characterizing rocks from different sources; and (d) estimating the surface area of assemblages of particles.
Inpainting surgical occlusion from laparoscopic video sequences for robot-assisted interventions

Abstract. Purpose Medical technology for minimally invasive surgery has undergone a paradigm shift with the introduction of robot-assisted surgery. However, it is very difficult to track the position of the surgical tools in a surgical scene, so it is crucial to accurately detect and identify surgical tools. This task can be aided by deep learning-based semantic segmentation of surgical video frames. Furthermore, due to the limited working and viewing areas of these surgical instruments, there is a higher chance of complications from tissue injuries (e.g., tissue scars and tears). Approach With the aid of digital inpainting algorithms, we present an application that uses image segmentation to remove surgical instruments from laparoscopic/endoscopic video. We employ a modified U-Net architecture (U-NetPlus) to segment the surgical instruments. It consists of a redesigned decoder and a pre-trained VGG11 or VGG16 encoder. The decoder was modified by substituting an up-sampling operation based on nearest-neighbor interpolation for the transposed convolution operation. Furthermore, these interpolation weights do not need to be learned to perform upsampling, which eliminates the artifacts generated by the transposed convolution. In addition, we use a very fast and adaptable data augmentation technique to further enhance performance. The instrument segmentation mask is filled in (i.e., inpainted) by the tool removal algorithms using the previously acquired tool segmentation masks and either previous instrument-containing frames or instrument-free reference frames. Results We have shown the effectiveness of the proposed surgical tool segmentation/removal algorithms on a robotic instrument dataset from the MICCAI 2015 and 2017 EndoVis Challenge. We report a 90.20% DICE for binary segmentation, a 76.26% DICE for instrument part segmentation, and a 46.07% DICE for instrument type (i.e., all instruments) segmentation on the MICCAI 2017 challenge dataset using our U-NetPlus architecture, outperforming the results of earlier techniques used and tested on these data. In addition, we demonstrated the successful execution of the tool removal algorithm from surgical tool-free videos that contained moving surgical tools that were generated artificially. Conclusions Our application successfully separates and eliminates the surgical tool to reveal a view of the background tissue that was otherwise hidden by the tool, producing results that are visually similar to the actual data.
Efficient SEPIC Differential Mode Inverter with New Feedforward Control Technique for Selective Harmonic Compensation

In this paper, isolated single-stage three-phase SEPIC differential mode inverter is presented for grid-connected applications. Grid current control is implemented by a two-loop control technique to inject pure AC current into grid and mitigate Negative Sequence Harmonic Component NSHC which is a common $2^{\mathrm{n}\mathrm{d}}$ order component in all differential inverter topologies. The first loop is simply validated by using a PI controller. Also, a novel feedforward control is used in the second loop instead of conventional feedback control method by detecting third-order $3^{\mathrm{r}\mathrm{d}}$ component in the input current of the inverter rather than direct sensing of $2^{\mathrm{n}\mathrm{d}}$ order NSHC from the output currents. Then, a simple PI controller is implemented to mitigate the 3rd component from input current which directly removes $2^{\mathrm{n}\mathrm{d}}$ NSHC from grid output current. Proposed control has higher bandwidth than traditional control method and provides pure input and output current waveforms. On other hand, simple active-clamp circuit, consisting of one switch and two small capacitors, is designed, and integrated to verify ZVS and ZCS of the main and synchronous switches of the utilized SEPIC converters which enhance the efficiency by reducing the switching losses. Moreover, the active-clamp circuit diminishes the peak voltages of the switches and enhances the reliability of the inverter. Inverter operation along with mathematical analysis of the proposed control method and soft-switching operation is presented. Finally, the theoretical assumptions are supported by simulations and experimental results.
Environmental management of fish resources in the Black Sea and their rational exploitation

As it is well known, the problem of redressing the ecological balance in the basin lies at the root of all national and international programs and conventions: e.g., the "Convention on the protection of the Black Sea against pollution" (1992); "Government declaration" (Odessa, 1993); GEF; NATO TU-Black Sea; EROS-2000; Co-operative Marine Science Programme; CoMSBlack; Delta Danube Programme; GEF Danube River Basin, etc.
Miniaturized 434 MHz Cavity Encapsulated Patch Antenna for Superficial Hyperthermia Treatment

A 434 MHz patch antenna encapsulated in a planar metal cavity is reported for hyperthermia (HT) treatment of superficial cancers. The optimized patch antenna is 3.6 cm $ \times$ 3.6 cm with return loss > 20 dB, ―10 dB bandwidth of 14 MHz, and predominantly tangential electric field in the near field at 434 MHz. Antenna effective field size (EFS) and penetration depth observed from simulation are 17.22 cm2 and 1.26 cm, respectively. The antenna optimized using bulk body tissue was assessed on heterogeneous human body model followed by experimental verification on tissue-mimicking phantom and ex-vivo bovine tissues. Thermal EFS (TEFS) and thermal effective penetration depth (TEPD) of 20.92 cm2 and 2.05 cm measured in tissue phantoms are comparable to 18.61 cm2 and 2.19 cm determined in simulations. Experiments on homogeneous tissue phantom and heterogeneous ex-vivo bovine tissues show localized power deposition in agreement with the simulations. The metal encapsulated patch antenna with EFS to aperture area ratio of 1.33 is well suited for HT treatment of localized superficial cancer. It is also concluded that it could be used for designing planar array capable of delivering adjustable heating pattern to treat large area diffused superficial cancers.
Risk factors for calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxicity after renal transplantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Nephrotoxicity of calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) is the major concern for long-term allograft survival despite its predominant role in current immunosuppressive regime after renal transplantation. CNI nephrotoxicity is multifactorial with demographic, environmental, and pharmacogenetic flexibility, whereas studies indicating risk factors for CNI nephrotoxicity obtained incomplete or conflicting results. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of risk factors for CNI nephrotoxicity was performed on all retrieved studies through a comprehensive research of network database. Data were analyzed by Review Manager 5.2 with heterogeneity assessed using the Cochrane Q and I 2 tests. CNI nephrotoxicity was primarily indicated with protocol biopsy or index-based clinical diagnosis, and the secondary outcome was defined as delayed graft function. Results: Twelve observational studies containing a total of 2,849 cases were identified. Donor age (odds ratio [OR], 1.01; 95% CI, 1.01–1.03; p = 0.02), recipient zero-time arteriosclerosis (OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.04–1.99; p = 0.03), and CYP3A5*3/*3 genotype (OR, 2.80; 95% CI, 2.63–2.98; p = 0.00) were confirmed as risk factors for CNI nephrotoxicity. Subgroup and sensitivity analysis claimed donor age as a significant contributor in Asian and Caucasian areas. Conclusion: Older donor age, recipient zero-time arteriosclerosis, and CYP3A5*3/*3 genotype might add up the risk for CNI nephrotoxicity, which could be interpreted into a robust biomarker system.
An analysis of montane forest vegetation on the east flank of the central Oregon Cascades

Montane forest vegetation as it occurs on the east flank of central Oregon Cascades has provided excellent conditions for a "natural experiment" in the use of various methodologies in studying vegetational distribution. This "experiment" has reflected on some theory and practice for the discipline of plant synecology. Detailed descriptions, analysis, and interpretation of the data also document present conditions in relation to the past and allow prognostication of future changes, which in turn may be of silvicultural importance for
WiseCam: Wisely Tuning Wireless Pan-Tilt Cameras for Cost-Effective Moving Object Tracking

With desired functionality of moving object tracking, wireless pan-tilt cameras are able to play critical roles in a growing diversity of surveillance environments. However, today's pan-tilt cameras oftentimes underperform when tracking frequently moving objects like humans – they are prone to lose sight of objects and bring about excessive mechanical rotations that are especially detrimental to those energy-constrained outdoor scenarios. The ineffectiveness and high cost of state-of-the-art tracking approaches are rooted in their adherence to the industry's simplicity principle, which leads to their stateless nature, performing gimbal rotations based only on the latest object detection. To address the issues, we design and implement WiseCam that wisely tunes the pan-tilt cameras to minimize mechanical rotation costs while maintaining long-term object tracking. We examine the performance of WiseCam by experiments on two types of pan-tilt cameras with different motors. Results show that WiseCam significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art tracking approaches on both tracking duration and power consumption.
Strategic Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Routing: An Energy-Efficient Approach

In this digital age, network connectivity is no longer a luxury but a necessity. Adopting fifth-generation (5G) wireless networks, inefficient communication systems prevail, but not all areas are 5G-ready. Network connectivity has been a long-running issue, especially in areas with limited signal towers. Recently, drones or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV s) are gaining traction as a viable solution to extend the reach of signal towers. Research is being conducted to adopt this technology in developing flying base stations (FBS). The application of FBS can potentially minimize the gap between regions where a cellular connection is limited or may not reach. However, the energy consumption of FBS is one of the critical factors for its long-term success. Given the limited battery capacity of UAVs, it is essential to minimize energy consumption during operational use. This research aims to explore the application of Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH), improved LEACH (ILEACH), and optimized heuristic ILEACH (OHILEACH) algorithms in a fleet of UAVs intending to minimize energy consumption. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of the performance of the three LEACH algorithms is explored in terms of energy retention. After a thorough comparative analysis, the application of OHILEACH proved to be the most energy efficient.
Developing an Improved Strategy for the Analysis of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins/Furans and Dioxin-like Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Contaminated Soils Using a Combination of a One-Step Cleanup Method and Gas Chromatography with Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry

Soils contaminated with polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorodibenzofurans (PCDFs), and dioxin-like (dl) polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), known as persistent organic pollutants (POPs), have garnered global attention because of their toxicity and persistence in the environment. The standard method for target analytes has been used; however, it is an obstacle in large-scale sample analysis due to the comprehensive sample preparation and high-cost instrumental analysis. Thus, analytical development of inexpensive methods with lower barriers to determine PCDDs/Fs and dl-PCBs in soil is needed. In this study, a one-step cleanup method was developed and validated by combining a multilayer silica gel column and Florisil micro-column followed by gas chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-QqQ-MS/MS). To optimize the separation and quantification of 17 PCDDs/Fs and 12 dl-PCBs in soils, the sample cleanup and instrumental conditions were investigated. For quantification method validation, spiking experiments were conducted to determine the linearity of the calibration, recovery, and method detection limit of PCDDs/Fs and dl-PCBs using isotopic dilution GC-QqQ-MS/MS. The applicability of the simultaneous determination of PCDDs/Fs and dl-PCBs was confirmed by the recovery of native target congeners and labeled surrogate congeners spiked into the quality-control and actual soil samples. The results were in good agreement with the requirements imposed by standard methods. The findings in this work demonstrated the high accessibility of the sample cleanup and analysis methods for the efficient determination of PCDDs/Fs and dl-PCBs in contaminated soils.
データマイニングによる異常検知 = Anomaly detection with data mining

第１章 データマイニングにおける異常検知 第２章 異常検知の基本的考え方 第３章 外れ値検出 第４章 変化点検出 第５章 異常行動検出 第６章 集合型異常検知 第７章 潜在的異常検知 第８章 数学的手段：情報論的学習理論とその周辺 第９章 おわりに
Measurement of Thermal Stress by X-ray Nano-Diffraction in (111)-Oriented Nanotwinned Cu Bumps for Cu/SiO2 Hybrid Joints

X-ray nanodiffraction was used to measure the thermal stress of 10 µm nanotwinned Cu bumps in Cu/SiO2 hybrid structures at −55 °C, 27 °C, 100 °C, 150 °C, and 200 °C. Bonding can be achieved without externally applied compression. The X-ray beam size is about 100 nm in diameter. The Cu bump is dominated by (111) oriented nano-twins. Before the hybrid bonding, the thermal stress in Cu bumps is compressive and remains compressive after bonding. The average stress in the bonded Cu joint at 200 °C is as large as −169.1 MPa. In addition, using the strain data measured at various temperatures, one can calculate the effective thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) for the 10 µm Cu bumps confined by the SiO2 dielectrics. This study reports a useful approach on measuring the strain and stress in oriented metal bumps confined by SiO2 dielectrics. The results also provide a deeper understanding on the mechanism of hybrid bonding without externally applied compression.
Construction and Validation of Self-Assessment Instrument for Students’ Mathematics Classroom Learning Behaviour

A self-assessment instrument helps mathematics teachers to identify students' learning behaviour and intervene with appropriate instructional design for engaged and meaningful learning in a mathematics class. This study, thus, aims to design, develop, and validate a self-assessment instrument in mathematics classroom learning behaviour for secondary-level students. This study comprises four systematic levels of instrument development and validation processes. Firstly, it begins with a review of different theories and related literature for formulating the relevant assessment domains of the instrument. Secondly, it continues with tool design and item development processes based on the pre-determined domains. The third level involves the draft reviewing process by experts and pre-testing of the draft with a sample of 540 secondary level students. The last stage includes testing and verification of the draft using different statistical tools. Thus, this study establishes a verified students' mathematics classroom learning behaviour self-assessment instrument by completing a systematic process of tool construction.
Synthesis of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)-Gelatin Hydrogel from White Snapper (Lates calcarifer, Bloch) with Gamma Irradiation and Its Characterizations

The application of nuclear technology in the health sector is increasing. One example is the use of irradiation in production of wound dressings. Research activities have been conducted to study whether polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-gelatin-based hydrogel from white snapper scales can be processed using gamma irradiation into wound dressings. A series of PVA (10 %) solutions containing gelatin in various concentrations (0-4 %) were treated with three freeze-thaw cycles and then irradiated at doses of 10 and 20 kGy. They were subsequently characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Gel fraction, water absorption, and percentage of hydrogel water evaporation rate were tested gravimetrically, while the elongation at break and the tensile strength of the hydrogels were tested with a universal testing meter. The evaluation showed that the hydrogel gel fraction decreased with increasing gelatin concentration from 0 % to 4 % for both irradiation doses (10 and 20 kGy). The rising gelatin concentration demonstrated that increasing gamma radiation dose improved the hydrogel's water absorption, evaporation rate, tensile strength, and elongation at break. PVA-gelatin hydrogel with irregular pore structure was observed from SEM test results. The FTIR measurement results confirmed the formation of crosslinks in the hydrogel matrix. The PVA-gelatin hydrogel produced through gamma irradiation could be used for wound dressings.
Geomorphic design and management of disturbed lands

Everyday human activities result in a wide variety of land disturbances. Some of these are inevitable, while others are merely convenient and lead to unnecessary environmental degradation. Regardless of the type of disturbance, it is proposed that each type can be evaluated in terms of three factors: (1) areal extent, (2) intensity, and (3) duration. Ultimately, society must render a judgment concerning the perceived severity and acceptability of a given disturbance and its impact. The goal in design of a landscape for a disturbed area is to mitigate environmental impacts and re-establish dynamic equilibrium within the geomorphic system. The design of the landscape involves three phases: (1) analysis of existing environmental conditions, (2) formulation of a reclamation program, and (3) program implementation. The science of geomorphology is of powerful assistance, not only in the design of reclamation programs but in the evaluation of past reclamation successes and failures.
Artificial intelligence (AI) technology in OpenAI ChatGPT application: A review of ChatGPT in writing English essay

ChatGPT is a product of AI that is currently being widely discussed on Twitter. This research reviews how ChatGPT writes English essays. This research is descriptive qualitative. The analysis shows that we can access ChatGPT on openai.com or chat.openai.com on the browser. If we do not have an account, we register via email, Google, or Microsoft account. After login, enter a question or statement in the conversation column provided. Send it and ChatGPT will respond and the answer appear quickly. The researcher tries ChatGPT “Can you help me in doing my English assignment? ", and the ChatBot replies "Of course! I'd be happy to help you with your English assignment. What do you need help with? Do you have a specific question or task that you're working on, or is there a broader topic that you'd like help with? It would be helpful to have some more information so that I can better understand how I can assist you". Based on several tries, ChatGPT can answer all questions on various topics such as English essays including a descriptive text about Solo and My Family, recount text about personal experience and unforgettable moments, resolution in 2023, and future career. ChatGPT considers the event orders and writing order, including using main, explanatory sentences, and a conclusion. It uses two voices both active and passive voice. Besides, it considers tenses use related to the given topic essay. However, from examples of English essays produced by ChatGPT, it certainly requires further research to find out that the essay results are grammatically accurate.