Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Study of Ejecta-companion Interaction for Core-collapse Supernovae in Massive Binaries

We carry out a comprehensive study of supernova ejecta-companion interaction in massive binary systems. Our aim is to physically understand the kinematics of the interaction and predict observational signatures. To do this, we perform simulations over a vast parameter space of binary configurations, varying the masses of the progenitor and companion, structure of the companion, explosion energy, and orbital separation. Our results were not so consistent with the classical models developed by Wheeler et al. (), sometimes deviating by an order of magnitude. Therefore, we construct an alternative simple model that explains the simulated results reasonably well and that can be used to estimate impact velocities for arbitrary explosion profiles and companion star structures. We then investigate the long term evolution after the supernova, where the companion can be inflated by the energy injected into the star. We find that the companion can become more than an order of magnitude overluminous immediately after the supernova but quickly fades away after ∼10 years and returns to its original luminosity in about a thermal timescale of the star. Finally, we also discuss the possible surface contamination of heavy elements from the slower ejecta.
Non-Hermitian robust edge states in one dimension: Anomalous localization and eigenspace condensation at exceptional points

Capital to topological insulators, the bulk-boundary correspondence ties a topological invariant computed from the bulk (extended) states with those at the boundary, which are hence robust to disorder. Here we put forward a different ordering unique to non-Hermitian lattices whereby a pristine system becomes devoid of extended states, a property which turns out to be robust to disorder. This is enabled by a peculiar type of non-Hermitian degeneracy where a macroscopic fraction of the states coalesce at a single point with a geometrical multiplicity of 1.
Exploring Gamma-Ray Bursts, Their Immediate Environment and Host Galaxies

Lasting anywhere from a few milliseconds to several minutes, GRBs shine hundreds of times brighter than a typical supernova, making them briefly the brightest source of cosmic gamma-ray photons in the observable Universe. This thesis focuses on 3 different aspects of GRBs: (1) The radiative mechanism of GRBs and their afterglows, i.e. the occurrence of thermal emission and the physical parameters we can determine through this emission. (2) Their host galaxies, using results from observations of GRB 121024A as a case study. (3) How they can be used to answer some of the larger astrophysical questions, more specifically in this case, to study interstellar dust and grey extinction.
Universal electromagnetic fields

We study universal electromagnetic (test) fields, i.e. p-forms fields that solve simultaneously (virtually) any generalized electrodynamics (containing arbitrary powers and derivatives of in the field equations) in n spacetime dimensions. One of the main results is a sufficient condition: any null that solves Maxwell’s equations in a Kundt spacetime of aligned Weyl and traceless-Ricci type III is universal (in particular thus providing examples of p-form Galileons on curved Kundt backgrounds). In addition, a few examples in Kundt spacetimes of Weyl type II are presented. Some necessary conditions are also obtained, which are particularly strong in the case n = 4 = 2p: all the scalar invariants of a universal 2-form in four dimensions must be constant, and vanish in the special case of a null .
The prevalence of weak magnetic fields in Herbig Ae stars: the case of PDS 2.

Models of magnetically driven accretion and outflows reproduce many observational properties of T Tauri stars, but the picture is much less clear for the Herbig Ae/Be stars, due to the poor knowledge of their magnetic field strength and topology. The Herbig Ae star PDS2 was previously included in two magnetic studies based on low-resolution spectropolarimetric observations. Only in one of these studies the presence of a weak mean longitudinal magnetic field was reported. In the present study, for the first time, high-resolution HARPS spectropolarimetric observations of PDS2 are used to investigate the presence of a magnetic field. A firm detection of a weak longitudinal magnetic field is achieved using the multi-line singular value decomposition method for Stokes profile reconstruction ( =33+-5G). To gain better knowledge of typical magnetic field strengths in late Herbig Be and Herbig Ae stars, we compiled previous magnetic field measurements, revealing that only very few stars have fields stronger than 200G, and half of the sample possesses fields of about 100G and less. These results challenge our current understanding of the magnetospheric accretion in intermediate-mass pre-main sequence stars as they indicate that the magnetic fields in Herbig Ae/Be stars are by far weaker than those measured in T Tauri stars.
A Review on Topology Optimization Strategies for Additively Manufactured Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Composite Structures

Topology Optimization (TO) recently gained importance due to the development of Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes that produce components with good mechanical properties. Among all additive manufacturing technologies, continuous fiber fused filament fabrication (CF4) can fabricate high-performance composites compared to those manufactured with conventional technologies. In addition, AM provides the excellent advantage of a high degree of reconfigurability, which is in high demand to support the immediate short-term manufacturing chain in medical, transportation, and other industrial applications. CF4 enables the fabrication of continuous fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) materials structures. Moreover, it allows us to integrate topology optimization strategies to design realizable CFRC structures for a given performance. Various TO strategies for attaining lightweight and high-performance designs have been proposed in the literature, exploiting AM’s design freedom. Therefore, this paper attempts to address works related to strategies employed to obtain optimal FRC structures. This paper intends to review and compare existing methods, analyze their similarities and dissimilarities, and discuss challenges and future trends in this field.
CHI-SQUARE INDEPENDENCE TEST: TO STUDY THE EFFECT OF CHRONIC DISEASES AND RECOVERY FROM COVID 19 Case Study King Abdullah Hospital during the period December 2020-June 2021.

The Chi-square statistic is a non-parametric tool designed to analyze group differences when the dependent variable is measured at the nominal level. The aim of this research is to study two groups of people infected with COVID-19 who received the same medical care (one with chronic diseases who did not get the vaccine and the other group who did not have chronic diseases and did get the vaccine) and the extent of recovery from Covid 19. A paper questionnaire was created for research purposes to follow up on cases received by King Abdullah Hospital during the period from December 2020 to June 2021. 316 valid questionnaires were retrieved with complete data and analyzed using SPSS software The results showed that there is a statistically significant relationship between not having chronic diseases and getting the vaccine and recovery from Covid 19, and Cramer's V equals 0.75, and it is clear from the coefficient that there is a strong relationship between recovery from Covid 19 and being free from chronic diseases and getting the vaccine that confirms the hypothesis Research, and the study recommends the importance of getting the vaccine to increase immunity in individuals, whether they have chronic diseases or not.
Impact of Therapeutic Foods on Hematological Parameters of Malnourished Children Admitted at the Intensive Nutritional Recovery Center of Tessaoua, Maradi, Niger Republic

Aims: To evaluate the impact of the therapeutic foods on the hematological parameters of malnourished children below 5 years of age. Study Design: This is a Prospective cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Intensive Nutritional Recovery Center of Tessaoua, Maradi, Niger republic, from June 15 to September 10, 2022. Methodology: We included 60 malnourished children (36 males, 24 females; age range 6-59 months) who are severely acutely malnourished. Standard survey forms that were developed for the purpose have permitted to obtain sociodemographic and hematological data (hemoglobin level and leukocyte count) concerning malnourished children. Results: The results showed that among the 60 children that were surveyed, at entry, 50 (83.33%) were recorded to have a low hemoglobin level and 36 (60%) with highly elevated leucocyte count. At the end of treatment with therapeutic foods, it was observed an overall normalization of these parameters during an average duration of hospitalization. Conclusion: Therapeutic foods have shown a significant positive influence on hematological parameters of malnourished children. Their use should therefore be encouraged in line with other strategies in order to ensure good and rapid recovery in malnourished children under five years of age.
GeV EMISSION FROM COLLISIONAL MAGNETIZED GAMMA-RAY BURSTS

Magnetic fields may play a dominant role in gamma-ray bursts, and recent observations by Fermi indicate that GeV radiation, when detected, arrives delayed by seconds from the onset of the MeV component. Motivated by this, we discuss a magnetically dominated jet model where both magnetic dissipation and nuclear collisions are important. We show that, for parameters typical of the observed bursts, such a model involving a realistic jet structure can reproduce the general features of the MeV and a separate GeV radiation component, including the time delay between the two. The model also predicts a multi-GeV neutrino component.
Spin-dependent dynamically assisted Schwinger mechanism

We study electron and positron pair production from the vacuum by a strong slow electric field superimposed by a weak fast electric field as a perturbation (the dynamically assisted Schwinger mechanism). We argue that the Schwinger mechanism becomes spin-dependent if the perturbation has a transverse component with respect to the strong electric field. We analytically/numerically compute the difference between the production number of spin up and down particles. We find that the spin-imbalance is strongly suppressed by an exponential of the critical field strength if the frequency of the perturbation is small, while it is only weakly suppressed by powers of the critical field strength if the frequency is large enough. We also find that the spin-imbalance exhibits non-trivial oscillating behaviors in terms of the frequency of the perturbation, the azimuthal angle, and the transverse momentum of produced particles.
A STAR DISRUPTED BY A STELLAR BLACK HOLE AS THE ORIGIN OF THE CLOUD FALLING TOWARD THE GALACTIC CENTER

We propose that the cloud moving on a highly eccentric orbit near the central black hole in our Galaxy, reported by Gillessen et al., is formed by a photoevaporation wind originating in a disk around a star that is tidally perturbed and shocked at every peribothron passage. The disk is proposed to have formed when a stellar black hole flew by the star, tidally disrupted its envelope, and placed the star on its present orbit with some of the tidal debris forming a disk. A disrupting encounter at the location of the observed cloud is most likely to be caused by a stellar black hole because of the expected dynamical mass segregation; the rate of these disk-forming encounters may be as high as ∼10−6 per year. The star should also be spun up by the encounter, so the disk may subsequently expand by absorbing angular momentum from the star. Once the disk expands up to the tidal truncation radius, the tidal perturbation of the outer disk edge at every peribothron may place gas streams on larger orbits, which can give rise to a photoevaporation wind that forms the cloud at every orbit. This model predicts that, after the cloud is disrupted at the next peribothron passage in 2013, a smaller unresolved cloud will gradually grow around the star on the same present orbit. An increased infrared luminosity from the disk may also be detectable when the peribothron is reached. We also note that this model revives the encounter theory for planet formation.
Multi-Layered Regulations on the Chromatin Architectures: Establishing the Tight and Specific Responses of Fission Yeast fbp1 Gene Transcription

Transcriptional regulation is pivotal for all living organisms and is required for adequate response to environmental fluctuations and intercellular signaling molecules. For precise regulation of transcription, cells have evolved regulatory systems on the genome architecture, including the chromosome higher-order structure (e.g., chromatin loops), location of transcription factor (TF)-binding sequences, non-coding RNA (ncRNA) transcription, chromatin configuration (e.g., nucleosome positioning and histone modifications), and the topological state of the DNA double helix. To understand how these genome-chromatin architectures and their regulators establish tight and specific responses at the transcription stage, the fission yeast fbp1 gene has been analyzed as a model system for decades. The fission yeast fbp1 gene is tightly repressed in the presence of glucose, and this gene is induced by over three orders of magnitude upon glucose starvation with a cascade of multi-layered regulations on various levels of genome and chromatin architecture. In this review article, we summarize the multi-layered transcriptional regulatory systems revealed by the analysis of the fission yeast fbp1 gene as a model system.
Pressure-Induced Electronic Topological Transition and Superconductivity in Topological Insulator Bi2Te2.1Se0.9.

One approach to discovering topological superconductors is establishing superconductivity based on well-identified topological insulators. However, the coexistence of superconductivity and a topological state is always arcane. In this paper, we report how pressure tunes the crystal structure, electronic structure, and superconductivity in topological insulator Bi2Te2.1Se0. 9. At ∼2.5 GPa, the abnormal changes in c/a and the full width at half-maximum of the A1g1 mode indicate the occurrence of an electronic topological transition. The pressure-induced superconductivity in Bi2Te2.1Se0. 9 pinned with an electronic topological transition presents at 2.4 GPa, which is far below the structural phase transition pressure of 8.4 GPa. These results suggest that the appearance of an electronic topological transition is closely correlated with superconductivity in the initial phase, where the topological surface state persists. Our work clarifies the complex electronic structure of Bi2Te2.1Se0. 9 and sheds light on the mechanism for superconductivity in topological insulators.
Comb tensor networks

In this paper we propose a special type of a tree tensor network that has the geometry of a comb---a 1D backbone with finite 1D teeth projecting out from it. This tensor network is designed to provide an effective description of higher dimensional objects with special limited interactions, or, alternatively, one-dimensional systems composed of complicated zero-dimensional objects. We provide details on the best numerical procedures for the proposed network, including an algorithm for variational optimization of the wave-function as a comb tensor network, and the transformation of the comb into a matrix product state. We compare the complexity of using a comb versus alternative matrix product state representations using density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) algorithms. As an application, we study a spin-1 Heisenberg model system which has a comb geometry. In the case where the ends of the teeth are terminated by spin-1/2 spins, we find that Haldane edge states of the teeth along the backbone form a critical spin-1/2 chain, whose properties can be tuned by the coupling constant along the backbone. By adding next-nearest-neighbor interactions along the backbone, the comb can be brought into a gapped phase with a long-range dimerization along the backbone. The critical and dimerized phases are separated by a Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transition, the presence of which we confirm numerically. Finally, we show that when the teeth contain an odd number of spins and are not terminated by spin-1/2's, a special type of comb edge states emerge.
Research on Bidirectional Isolated Charging System Based on Resonant Converter

This paper proposes a two-stage bidirectional isolated charging system, which can realize the bidirectional flow of electric energy, not only making the electric energy flow from the grid side to the battery side but also converting the battery’s energy into single-phase alternating current to supply other electric equipment. The charging system also has the function of power factor correction and wide-range voltage output. The front stage of the charging system is a bidirectional totem pole structure power factor correction converter with a voltage and current double closed-loop control strategy to ensure the stability of the DC bus voltage, and the rear stage is a bidirectional CLLLC resonant converter, which adopts a high-frequency soft start strategy to reduce the inrush current during start-up and ensure the safe operation of the converter. Moreover, the frequency control strategy is used to make it have a wide range of DC output characteristics. In this paper, the principle analysis and parameter calculation of the charging system is carried out, the simulation platform and hardware circuit design are built, and a test prototype is piloted to verify the bidirectional operating characteristics of the charging system. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate the correctness of the theoretical analysis and topology design.
CHANDRA ACIS SURVEY OF M33 (ChASeM33): THE ENIGMATIC X-RAY EMISSION FROM IC131

We present the first X-ray analysis of the diffuse hot ionized gas and the point sources in IC131, after NGC604 the second most X-ray luminous giant H ii region (GHR) in M33. The X-ray emission is detected only in the south eastern part of IC131 (named IC131-se) and is limited to an elliptical region of ∼200 pc in extent. This region appears to be confined toward the west by a hemispherical shell of warm ionized gas and only fills about half that volume. Although the corresponding X-ray spectrum has 1215 counts, it cannot conclusively be told whether the extended X-ray emission is thermal, non-thermal, or a combination of both. A thermal plasma model of kTe = 4.3 keV or a single power law of Γ ≃ 2.1 fit the spectrum equally well. If the spectrum is purely thermal (non-thermal), the total unabsorbed X-ray luminosity in the 0.35–8 keV energy band amounts to LX = 6.8(8.7) × 1035 erg s−1. Among other known H ii regions IC131-se seems to be extreme regarding the combination of its large extent of the X-ray plasma, the lack of massive O stars, its unusually high electron temperature (if thermal), and the large fraction of LX emitted above 2 keV (∼40%–53%). A thermal plasma of ∼4 keV poses serious challenges to theoretical models, as it is not clear how high electron temperatures can be produced in H ii regions in view of mass-proportional and collisionless heating. If the gas is non-thermal or has non-thermal contributions, synchrotron emission would clearly dominate over inverse Compton emission. It is not clear if the same mechanisms which create non-thermal X-rays or accelerate cosmic rays in supernova remnants can be applied to much larger scales of 200 pc. In both cases the existing theoretical models for GHRs and superbubbles do not explain the hardness and extent of the X-ray emission in IC131-se. We also detect a variable source candidate in IC131. It seems that this object (CXO J013315.10+304453.0) is a high mass X-ray binary whose optical counterpart is a B2-type star with a mass of ∼9 M☉.
C-Band High Harmonics Suppression GaN Power Amplifier MMIC for Multiradar Network Application

This letter presents a C-band 50-W high-power amplifier (HPA) monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) based on the 0.25-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> gallium nitride (GaN) high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) process. A multiple reactance matching method in output matching network (OMN) is proposed, which can achieve high harmonics suppression (HSs) while maintaining good bandwidth and low loss. The pulse excitation measurement results of the proposed MMIC show that the saturated output power exceeds 50 W in the 5–7-GHz frequency range, the power added efficiency (PAE) is more than 52%, the associated power gain is over 21 dB, and the second harmonic suppression (HS2) and the third harmonic suppression (HS3) reach more than 41 and 43 dBc, respectively. Besides, the area of the MMIC is <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3.55\times4.05$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm2.
Three-dimensional Circulation Driving Chemical Disequilibrium in WASP-43b

Spectral features in the observed spectra of exoplanets depend on the composition of their atmospheres. A good knowledge of the main atmospheric processes that drive the chemical distribution is therefore essential to interpret exoplanetary spectra. An atmosphere reaches chemical equilibrium if the rates of the forward and backward chemical reactions converge to the same value. However, there are atmospheric processes, such as atmospheric transport, that destabilize this equilibrium. In this work we study the changes in composition driven by a 3D wind field in WASP-43b using our Global Circulation Model, THOR. Our model uses validated temperature- and pressure-dependent chemical timescales that allow us to explore the disequilibrium chemistry of CO, CO2, H2O, and CH4. In WASP-43b the formation of the equatorial jet has an important impact on the chemical distribution of the different species across the atmosphere. At low latitudes the chemistry is longitudinally quenched, except for CO2 at solar abundances. The polar vortexes have a distinct chemical distribution since these are regions with lower temperature and atmospheric mixing. Vertical and latitudinal mixing have a secondary impact on the chemical transport. We determine graphically the effect of disequilibrium on the observed emission spectra. Our results do not show any significant differences in the emission spectra between the equilibrium and disequilibrium solutions for C/O = 0.5. However, if C/O is increased to 2.0, differences in the spectra due to the disequilibrium chemistry of CH4 become non-negligible. In some spectral ranges the emission spectra can have more than 15% departure from the equilibrium solution.
Ground-based Gamma-Ray Astronomy: an Introduction

During the last two decades Gamma-Ray Astronomy has emerged as a powerful tool to study cosmic ray physics. In fact, photons are not deviated by galactic or extragalactic magnetic fields so their directions bring the information of the production sites and are easier to detect than neutrinos. Thus the search for γ primarily address in the framework of the search of cosmic ray sources and to the investigation of the phenomena in the acceleration sites. This note is not a place for a review of ground-based gamma-ray astronomy. We will introduce the experimental techniques used to detect photons from ground in the overwhelming background of CRs and briefly describe the experiments currently in data taking or under installation.