Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimating Biomass and Vitality of Microalgae for Monitoring Cultures: A Roadmap for Reliable Measurements

Estimating algal biomass is a prerequisite for monitoring growth of microalgae. Especially for large-scale production sites, the measurements must be robust, reliable, fast and easy to obtain. We compare the relevant parameters, discuss potential hurdles and provide recommendations to tackle these issues. The focus is on optical density and in vivo autofluorescence of chlorophyll, which have proven to be ideal candidates for monitoring purposes. Beyond biomass, cell vitality is also crucial for maintaining cultures. While maximizing biomass yield is often the primary consideration, some applications require adverse growth conditions for the synthesis of high-quality compounds. The non-invasive technique of pulse-amplified modulated (PAM) fluorescence measurements provides an ideal tool and is increasingly being employed due to ever more affordable devices. We compared three devices and studied the robustness of the dark fluorescence yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) at various cell densities. Although the so-called inner filter effects influence the fluorescence signal, the resulting Fv/Fm remain stable and robust over a wide range of cell densities due to mutual effects.
A method of computer modelling the lithium-ion batteries aging process based on the experimental characteristics

The paper presents a method of modelling the processes of aging lithium-ion batteries, its implementation as a computer application and results for battery state estimation. Authors use previously developed behavioural battery model, which was built using battery operating characteristics obtained from the experiment. This model was implemented in the form of a computer program using a database to store battery characteristics. Batteries aging process is a new extended functionality of the model. Algorithm of computer simulation uses a real measurements of battery capacity as a function of the battery charge and discharge cycles number. Simulation allows to take into account the incomplete cycles of charge or discharge battery, which are characteristic for transport powered by electricity. The developed model was used to simulate the battery state estimation for different load profiles, obtained by measuring the movement of the selected means of transport.
WOMEN' RESISTANCE DURING NAZI OCCUPATION IN KRISTIN HANNAH’S THE NIGHTINGALE

Abstract Franceas the German’s mortal enemy ended in the hand of Hitler’s Nazi occupation and forced the civilians to revolt, not only men but also women. The women’s resistance represented the effort to get gender equality in life. To focus on the resistance, this paper aims to analyze the efforts of France women during the Nazi occupation portrayed in Kristin Hannah’s novel, TheNightingale. The writer uses Liberal Feminism as the main theory to describe the women's movement in getting their freedom and equality. In completing the analysis, the writer uses qualitative and descriptive methods. In theresults of the analysis, the author found that during the occupation, French women struggle to liberate and defend their families and country from the Nazi by doing certain attempts such as educating them selves to be asequal to men, developing themselves to fight as a resistance patriot and encourage themselves to be a woman leader.
Pengaruh Extrinsic dan Intrinsic Motivation terhadap Knowledge Sharing Intention pada Karyawan Perpustakaan Universitas Airlangga dan Institut Teknologi Sepuluh November

Motivasi diyakini sebagai salah satu faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi niat dalam berbagi pengetahuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada atau tidaknya pengaruh motivasi yang terdiri dari motivasi eksternal dan motivasi internal menggunakan model yang telah di kembangkan oleh Lin dengan mengintegrasikan perspektif motivasi dan theory of reasoned action. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif eksplanatif, menggunakan teknik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling. Jumlah sampel penelitian ini sebanyak 30 orang karyawan perpustakaan dengan kriteria yang sudah ditentukan dari perpustakaan perguruan tinggi negeri di Surabaya. Pendekatan Structural Equation Modeling- Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) digunakan untuk menganalisis data dengan menggunakan aplikasi SmartPLS sebagai alat pengolah statistik.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa expected organizational reward tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap knowledge sharing intention, sedangkan reciprocal benefit, enjoyment helping others berpengaruh terhadap attitude towards knowledge sharing dan self efficacy berpengaruh langsung terhadap knowledge sharing intention,sehingga dari hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan dasar untuk memberikan umpan balik guna meningkatkan knowledge sharing bagi karyawan perpustakaan Universitas Airlangga dan Institut Teknologi Sepuluh November di Surabaya.
When communicative AIs are cooperative actors: a prisoner’s dilemma experiment on human–communicative artificial intelligence cooperation

ABSTRACT This study examined the possibility of cooperation between human and communicative artificial intelligence (AI) by conducting a prisoner’s dilemma experiment. A 2 (AI vs human partner) × 2 (cooperative vs non-cooperative partner) between-subjects six-trial prisoner’s dilemma experiment was employed. Participants played the strategy game with a cooperative AI, non-cooperative AI, cooperative human, and non-cooperative human partner. Results showed that when partners (both communicative AI and human partners) proposed cooperation on the first trial, 80% to 90% of the participants also cooperated. More than 75% kept the promise and decided to cooperate. About 60% to 80% proposed, committed, and decided to cooperate when their partner proposed and kept the commitment to cooperate across trials, no matter whether the partner was a cooperative human or communicative AI. Overall, participants were more likely to commit and cooperate with cooperative AI partners than with non-cooperative AI and human partners.
The Impact of Job Satisfaction on Employee Performance (The Case of Construction Companies in Indonesia)

This research discusses what variables can affect employee job satisfaction and have an impact on employee work. The variables are conflicts of roles, authorities, job satisfaction, and performance. The purpose of this study is to find out how much direct and indirect influence on the performance of employees of construction companies. The analysis method used is path analysis, this is considered more suitable for primary data taken with research instruments in the form of questionnaires to respondents who are in these companies. The results of the research obtained are conflicts of roles and authorities that have a direct influence on job satisfaction and have a direct and indirect influence on performance. Meanwhile, job satisfaction has a direct impact on employee performance, therefore construction companies are expected to pay attention to employee job satisfaction, to improve employee performance, which is expected by the company. Job satisfaction is an affective or emotional response to various facets or aspects of a person's work so job satisfaction is not a single concept. A person can be relatively satisfied with one aspect of the work and dissatisfied with one or more other aspects. Job satisfaction is a positive attitude of labor to its work, which arises on the basis of an assessment of the work situation.
Recent Advances in Cell and Functional Biomaterial Treatment for Spinal Cord Injury

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating central nervous system disease caused by accidental events, resulting in loss of sensory and motor function. Considering the multiple effects of primary and secondary injuries after spinal cord injury, including oxidative stress, tissue apoptosis, inflammatory response, and neuronal autophagy, it is crucial to understand the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, local microenvironment changes, and neural tissue functional recovery for preparing novel treatment strategies. Treatment based on cell transplantation has become the forefront of spinal cord injury therapy. The transplanted cells provide physical and nutritional support for the damaged tissue. At the same time, the implantation of biomaterials with specific biological functions at the site of the SCI has also been proved to improve the local inhibitory microenvironment and promote axonal regeneration, etc. The combined transplantation of cells and functional biomaterials for SCI treatment can result in greater neuroprotective and regenerative effects by regulating cell differentiation, enhancing cell survival, and providing physical and directional support for axon regeneration and neural circuit remodeling. This article reviews the pathophysiology of the spinal cord, changes in the microenvironment after injury, and the mechanisms and strategies for spinal cord regeneration and repair. The article will focus on summarizing and discussing the latest intervention models based on cell and functional biomaterial transplantation and the latest progress in combinational therapies in SCI repair. Finally, we propose the future prospects and challenges of current treatment regimens for SCI repair, to provide references for scientists and clinicians to seek better SCI repair strategies in the future.
SIG-1451, a Novel, Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Compound, Attenuates Light-Induced Photoreceptor Degeneration by Affecting the Inflammatory Process

Age-related macular degeneration is a progressive retinal disease that is associated with factors such as oxidative stress and inflammation. In this study, we evaluated the protective effects of SIG-1451, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compound developed for treating atopic dermatitis and known to inhibit Toll-like receptor 4, in light-induced photoreceptor degeneration. SIG-1451 was intraperitoneally injected into rats once per day before exposure to 1000 lx light for 24 h; one day later, optical coherence tomography showed a decrease in retinal thickness, and electroretinogram (ERG) amplitude was also found to have decreased 3 d after light exposure. Moreover, SIG-1451 partially protected against this decrease in retinal thickness and increase in ERG amplitude. One day after light exposure, upregulation of inflammatory response-related genes was observed, and SIG-1451 was found to inhibit this upregulation. Iba-1, a microglial marker, was suppressed in SIG-1451-injected rats. To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying these effects, we used lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated rat immortalised Müller cells. The upregulation of C-C motif chemokine 2 by LPS stimulation was significantly inhibited by SIG-1451 treatment, and Western blot analysis revealed a decrease in phosphorylated I-κB levels. These results indicate that SIG-1451 indirectly protects photoreceptor cells by attenuating light damage progression, by affecting the inflammatory responses.
A Chaotic Compressive Sensing Based Data Transmission Method for Sensors within BBNs

Body to body networks (BBNs) are a kind of large-scaled sensor network that are composed of several wireless body area networks (WBANs) in the distributed structure, and in recent decades, BBNs have played a key role in medical, aerospace, and military applications. Compared with the traditional WBANs, BBNs have larger scales and longer transmission distances. The sensors within BBNs not only transmit the data they collect, but also forward the data sent by other nodes as relay nodes. Therefore, BBNs have high requirements in energy efficiency, data security, and privacy protection. In this paper, we propose a secure and efficient data transmission method for sensor nodes within BBNs that is based on the perception of chaotic compressive sensing. This method can simultaneously accomplish data compression, encryption, and critical information concealment during the data sampling process and provide various levels of reconstruction qualities according to the authorization level of receivers. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method could realize data compression, encryption, and critical information concealment for images that are transmitted within BBNs. Specifically, the proposed method could enhance the security level of data transmission by breaking the statistical patterns of original data, providing large key space and sensitivity of the initial values, etc.
PREDIKSI PRODUKSI BAWANG MERAH DI KABUPATEN NGANJUK DENGAN METODE SEASONAL ARIMA (SARIMA)

Produksi bawang merah merupakan komoditas holtikultura yang dikembangkan secara nasional dengan pembinaan yang intensif. Faktor utama yang mempengaruhi produksi bawang merah adalah varietas benih, lahan dan cuaca. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memprediksi produksi bawang merah agar komoditas bawang merah dapat menjaga kestabilan harga dan ketersediaan barang di kabupaten Nganjuk. Data pada penelitian ini bersumber dari BPS kabupaten Nganjuk yang digunakan dalam membangun model terbaik dengan metode SARIMA untuk memprediksi produksi bawang merah periode 2021-2023. Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang dilakukan, model terbaik adalah model SARIMA (3,0,2)(2,1,2)12 yang memiliki nilai MAPE sebesar 2,01%.
Embracing Raycasting for Virtual Reality

This paper proposes an acceleration method for direct volume rendering (DVR). Our approach works like a wrapper or braces surrounding raycasting implementations and requires very few changes to the existing code. Visualization systems can significantly improve their rendering performance in virtual reality setups and make DVR feasible in these environments. The first step—the opening brace—modifies the initial ray construction by adaptively reducing the ray density, hence feeding fewer rays to the raycaster. The second brace step is a composting computation after the ray traversal that re-samples the raycasting results across the screen to reconstruct the final image. The rendering resolution is adapted during run-time to the specifications of the VR hardware and the performance of the renderer to guarantee stable and high refresh rates necessary to avoid severe cyber-sickness symptoms. The presented method utilizes gaze-dependent resolution levels tailored towards the human visual system (HVS) and hardware characteristics found in state-of-the-art head-mounted displays (HMDs). The resolution, and therefore the number of processed fragments during ray traversal, is reduced in the peripheral vision, delivering unnoticeable losses in image quality while providing a significant gain in rendering performance
Mental Health Condition among University Students of Bangladesh during the Critical COVID-19 Period

Bangladesh’s education sector has been in a state of flux since COVID-19. During the pandemic, all university campuses were closed. There was a mental health issue among the students. This study aims to examine the mental health condition and the determinants that contribute to adverse mental health conditions among university students of Bangladesh. A survey was performed online among university students in Bangladesh, in mid-June 2020 when averaging 3345 affected cases of the population daily. The convenience sampling technique was used and the survey gathered data from 365 university students. The relationship between general information and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21) subscales of university students was determined. The questionnaire was administered to respondents during the pandemic, which ensured fast replies. Linear regression models were used for statistical analysis. University students indicated normal levels of depression (30.41%), anxiety (43.29%), and stress (47.40%). However, a disproportionate number of extremely depressed, anxious, and stressed university students suggested a mental health status of concern. There were significant connections between the individual’s opinion of social satisfaction, mental health concerns, and the present location’s safety with an undesirable mental health condition. Female students were shown to be much more anxious and stressed than male students. Capital Dhaka city students were more depressed and anxious than students outside of Dhaka. Financial and psychological support for students may help mitigate the psychological impact. Authorities should make effective efforts to reduce mental health problems among these students. This research may aid organizations, health care providers, and social workers in their attempts to prepare for and respond to pandemics.
Environmental impact assessment of demolition of a building in India-A case study

Buildings are demolished, when they outlived their service life, become structurally/functionally unfit, or have been built illegally. In India, an RCC framed, 40-storied high-rise building, with a built-up area of about 75,000 sqm, built without relevant approvals along with lots of violations of building bye-laws, has been demolished. There is nothing new in this demolition process, but its effect on the environment is unavailable. A study has been conducted to understand the environmental impact of this demolition. Based on the main primary construction materials, the embodied energy of this demolished building has been computed as 7.07 GJ/sqm. The civil construction cost of the building was found to be about INR 200 Crores (USD 27 million, assuming a conversion rate of 1 USD 75 INR in the year 2022). Expected GHGs emissions corresponding to this embodied energy were estimated as 42.42 × 103 MT. Energy in the demolition of the building has been computed to be about 8.7 GJ/sqm. The situation, in which this building can be retrofitted and made compliant with local building bye-laws, has been analyzed for its environmental impact.
Antigenicity Preservation Is Related to Tissue Characteristics and the Post-Mortem Interval: Immunohistochemical Study and Literature Review

The main aim of this study was to investigate the post-mortem proteolytic degradation process of selected tissue antigens and correlate it to the post-mortem interval. During the autopsy of 12 cadavers (time interval ranging 1 day–2 years after death) samples of skin, liver, kidney, and spleen were collected. All samples were formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded. Four µm paraffin sections were used for hematoxylin–eosin staining and immunohistochemical analysis (Ki67, Vimentin, Pan cytokeratin, and CD20). Data reported here show that immunohistochemical reactivity preservation was related to the characteristics of the tissues. In particular, the most resistant tissue was the skin, where the autolysis phenomena were not appreciable before 5 days. On the contrary, the liver and the spleen underwent early autolysis, while the kidney displayed an early autolysis of the tubules and a late one of the glomeruli. As concerns specific antigens, immunoreactivity was lost earliest for nuclear antigens as compared to cytoplasmic ones. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that immunohistochemical detection of specific antigens may be useful in estimating the post-mortem interval, especially when we need to know whether the post-mortem interval is a few days or more than 7–10 days.
A synthesis of deimatic behaviour

Deimatic behaviours, also referred to as startle behaviours, are used against predators and rivals. Although many are spectacular, their proximate and ultimate causes remain unclear. In this review we aim to synthesise what is known about deimatic behaviour and identify knowledge gaps. We propose a working hypothesis for deimatic behaviour, and discuss the available evidence for the evolution, ontogeny, causation, and survival value of deimatic behaviour using Tinbergen's Four Questions as a framework. Our overarching aim is to direct future research by suggesting ways to address the most pressing questions in this field.
How to sign on and stay there: Snapshot of the feeling of belonging within the Irish Deaf Community

This article seeks to explore the notion and strength of community belonging amongst the deaf community in Ireland. The article outlines the results from the online and anonymous survey that took place in June 2020. Three hundred ninety-nine responses were made, and 270 out of them are fully completed and analysed before a commentary is made. Concepts such as the “community” and “deaf community” are briefly theorised to see if they are compatible with the community beliefs held by the respondents. Key issues that are perceived to unite or divide the deaf community include solidarity, cultural affinity, sense of belonging, lack of trustworthiness, feelings of exclusion and dissent regarding leadership. The theoretical concept of ‘sense of community’ adapted is that proposed by McMillian and Chavis (1986), who define it as “a feeling that members have of belonging, a feeling that members matter to one another and the group, and a shared faith that members’ needs will be met through their commitment to being together. ” It is envisaged to have the research expanded into specific issues such as the long-term sustainability of the community.
An Accurate and Robust Method for Absolute Pose Estimation with UAV Using RANSAC

In this paper, we proposed an accurate and robust method for absolute pose estimation with UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) using RANSAC (random sample consensus). Because the artificial 3D control points with high accuracy are time-consuming and the small point set may lead low measuring accuracy, we designed a customized UAV to efficiently obtain mass 3D points. A light source was mounted on the UAV and used as a 3D point. The position of the 3D point was given by RTK (real-time kinematic) mounted on the UAV, and the position of the corresponding 2D point was given by feature extraction. The 2D–3D point correspondences exhibited some outliers because of the failure of feature extraction, the error of RTK, and wrong matches. Hence, RANSAC was used to remove the outliers and obtain the coarse pose. Then, we proposed a method to refine the coarse pose, whose procedure was formulated as the optimization of a cost function about the reprojection error based on the error transferring model and gradient descent to refine it. Before that, normalization was given for all the valid 2D–3D point correspondences to improve the estimation accuracy. In addition, we manufactured a prototype of a UAV with RTK and light source to obtain mass 2D–3D point correspondences for real images. Lastly, we provided a thorough test using synthetic data and real images, compared with several state-of-the-art perspective-n-point solvers. Experimental results showed that, even with a high outlier ratio, our proposed method had better performance in terms of numerical stability, noise sensitivity, and computational speed.