Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detection and adsorption of Triclosan on sensors based on PAH/PVS thin-films

Given the vital role of water in life it is paramount to thrive and succeed in areas that look to clean and prevent further contamination in water bodies. Triclosan (TCS) is present in most of our day-to-day products and if left unchecked it can lead to long-term significant problems due to its many inauspicious effects in both human and animal health. Thus arose the need to develop sensors to detect and possibly remove TCS for aqueous solutions. This work was rooted on this premise and sensors based on LbL polyectrolyte thin-films were developed, such as poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and poly(vinylsulfonic acid, sodium salt) (PVS), namely (PAH/PVS)10 and (PAH/PVS)/PAH10. The goal of this work was to analyze the amount of TCS adsorbed onto reused (PAH/PVS)10 and (PAH/PVS)/PAH10 LbL thin-films when immersed in TCS aqueous solutions with decreasing pH. It was demonstrated that sensors with an outer layer of PAH led to a significantly better TCS molecules adsorption (removal). Additionally, sensors composed of (PAH/PVS)10 presented higher sensibility in discriminating TCS solutions with concentrations between 10−5M and 10−8M, using impedance spectroscopy.
Bipolar Nebulae: The Missing Population

We have undertaken an analysis of observed aspect ratios for the collimation disks in bipolar nebulae (BPNe). We find, as a result, that most such structures are likely to have a ratio of thickness to diameter b/a∼0.23. Similarly, the paucity of disks having aspect ratios ≥0.7 implies that many of the sources are either unobserved or, what is more probably the case, misidentified. It seems likely, as a result, that the true population of BPNe is ∼1.7 times greater than previously supposed. Similarly, we determine that as many as of 43% of annular or ringlike planetaries may represent bipolar sources oriented along the line of sight.
Ensemble Deep Learning Method for Short-Term Load Forecasting

Short-term load forecasting (STLF) is the basis for the economic operation of the power system, and accurate STLF can optimize the power company's generation scheduling and improve the economics and safety of power grid operation. Classical regression-based models are mainly developed for stationary time series, while power load is typical nonstationary one. Shallow neural network model usually cannot capture complicated non-linear pattern efficiently, while power load features complicated varying patterns due to the numerous factors such as region, climate, economics, industry. Deep neural network, especially recurrent neural network (RNN) methods, like long short-term memory (LSTM), can model complicated pattern efficiently with the state-of-the-art erformance, but the training of the deep network becomes much harder with the increase of input sequence length. Since the power load holds large span of periodicity from daily through yearly, LSTM cannot fully exploit the inner correlation of power load. In this paper, ensemble deep learning method is proposed to exploit both non-linear pattern by LSTM and large-span period by similar day method. The proposed method integrates several LSTM networks, and each network is fed with different input time sequences which are selected regarding the similarity of load pattern. Experiment results show the effectiveness of the proposed method when comparing with exiting methods.
Kinetics of DNA supercoiling studied by Brownian dynamics simulation

We have developed a model for the simulation of the structure and dynamics of covalently closed circular DNA. It is based on the generalization of the original Brownian dynamics algorithm [D. L. Ermak & J. A. McCammon (1978) Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 69, pp. 1352–1359; M. Fixman (1978) Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 69, pp. 1527–1537] developed for bead‐chain models of linear DNA to a second order numerical integration [ A. Iniesta & J. Garcia de la Torre (1990) Journal of Chemical Physics.Vol. 92, pp. 2015–2018], which we extended here to accommodate the torsional potential. The topological constraints and torsional‐bending coupling in superhelical DNA are explicitly taken into account in this work by adapting a model for torsional‐bending motion of linear DNA developed by Allison et al. [S. A. Allison, R. Austin, & M. Hogan (1989) Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 90, pp. 3843–3854].
Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes Study of the Shock-Buffet Instability Mechanism

A study of shock-buffet onset and instability mechanism via Reynolds-averaged Navier―Stokes simulations on several airfoils is presented. The numerical setup and the Spalart―AUmaras turbulence closure are validated based on wind-tunnel data from NACA 0012 and RA16SC1 airfoils. The paper presents simulations of the flow past three • airfoils: the subsonic NACA 0012, the supercritical RA16SC1, and the thin, transonic/supersonic NACA 64A204, at pre- and postbuffet conditions, and within a cycle of developed shock buffet. The shock-buffet cycle is found to be »■• similar in nature for all airfoils, originating in unstable interaction of the shock and the separation bubble. Simulation results support the notion that buffet onset is not related to the bursting of the separation bubble behind the shock. Shock-buffet categorizing is posited as a transonic prestall instability phenomenon that depends on the shock strength and location. Shock-buffet onset conditions occur when the shock position is behind and sufficiently close to the upper-surface maximum curvature location. Additionally, it is suggested that offset conditions are when the shock is at an upstream location and the flow aft of it is fully separated.
Experimental Study of Conduction Band Structure of Some n-Alkanes and Polyethylene by Means of Low Energy Electron Scattering and Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Secondary electron emission (SEE) measurernent was used to investigate the conduction band structures of n-C 28 H 58 , n-C 36 H 74 , n-C 44 H 90 and polyethylene, and ultraviolct photoelectron spectra of n-C 28 H 58 and n-C 36 H 74 were measured. Several structures, whose kinetic energy positions were independent of the energies of incident sources, were observed in the both spectra. It was found that SEE spectra of all compounds were almost similar with each other, and corresponded well with the photoelectron spectra. These structures are ascribed to the high density-of-states parts of the conduction band which do not depend on the chain length. The spectra were compared with the energy distribution curve of secondary electrons estimated by the use of XPS result for the valence band and theoretical result for the conduction band of isolated chain. The energy positions of the structures of the estimated curve agree fairly well with those of observed spectrum.
Spatiotemporal few-photon optical nonlinearities through linear optics and measurement

It is well known that optical nonlinearities are extremely weak at the quantum, or single-photon, level. This has been one of the major difficulties for optical implementations of universal, scalable quantum computation. Knill, Laflamme, and Milburn [Nature (London) 409, 46 (2001)] showed, among other things, that one could perform the elusive two-qubit logic gates with only linear-optical elements if one also uses extra single photons and measurement. In this work, we apply linear-optics techniques to produce effects in few-photon beams that are more familiar to strong-field nonlinear optics. Specifically, we show that these methods are sufficient to change the spatial (or temporal) properties of a light beam with strong dependence on its constituent number of photons; such phenomena cannot occur via linear optics alone.
The Optimal Number and Location of Discrete Radiant Heaters in Enclosures with the Participating Media Using the Micro Genetic Algorithm

A methodology for solving inverse radiation heat transfer problems when design variables are discrete is presented. An optimization method is used to find the best number and location of discrete equal power heaters to produce the desired temperature and heat flux distribution over the design surface of radiant enclosures. The medium is assumed to be absorbing, emitting, and scattering. Isothermal and radiative equilibrium media are considered. The modified discrete ordinates method, that mitigates ray effects caused by discontinuities or abrupt changes of wall temperature, is employed to solve the radiative transfer equation. The micro genetic algorithm is used to minimize objective function.
Enrichment of CO over N2by Their Trapping in Amorphous Ice and Implications to Comet P/Halley

Abstract Observations of Comet P/Halley showed a cosmic abundance ratio of carbon and oxygen but a depletion of nitrogen. We checked the composition of amorphous water ice samples deposited on a cold plate from gaseous mixtures with various CO:N2:H2O-vapor ratios at several temperatures. From measuring the amounts of N2and CO which are trappedtogetherin the ice, we found an obvious enrichment of carbon monoxide over molecular nitrogen. We therefore propose a possible explanation for the depletion of N2in the volatile inventory of Comet P/Halley. The alternative possibility, that intact ice-coated interstellar grains were coagulated into cometary nuclei, is also discussed and arguments against it are brought up.
Wave-induced drift of large floating sheets

In this article we study the wave-induced drift of large, flexible shallow floating objects, referred to as sheets. When surface waves propagate through a sheet, they provide a mean stress on the sheet, resulting in a mean drift. In response, the sheet generates an Ekman current. The drift velocity of the sheet is determined by (i) the wave-induced stress, (ii) the viscous stress due to the Ekman current, and (iii) the Coriolis force. The sheet velocity and the current beneath the sheet are determined for constant and depth-varying eddy viscosities.
Multiphoton microscopy of atheroslcerotic plaques

Multiphoton microscopy is a techniques that fascilitates three dimensional imaging of intact, unstained tissue. Especially connective tissue has a relatively strong nonlinear optical response and can easily be imaged. Atherosclerosis is a disease where lipids accumulate in the vessel wall and there is a thickening of the intima by growth of a cap of connective tissue. The mechanical strength of this fibrous cap is of clinically importance. If the cap ruptures a thrombosis forms which can block a coronary vessel and therby causing myocardial infarction. Multiphoton microscopy can be used to image the fibrous cap and thereby determine the thickness of the cap and the structure of the connective fibres. This could possibly be developed into a diagnostic and clincal tool to monitor the vulnerability of a plaque and also to better understand the development of a plaque and effects of treatment. We have collected multiphoton microscopy images from atherosclerotic plaque in human aorta, both two photon excited fluorescens and second harmonic generated signal. The feasability of using this technique to determine the state of the plaque is explored.
Expected lengths of confidence intervals based on empirical discrepancy statistics

We consider a very general class of empirical discrepancy statistics that includes the Cressie--Read discrepancy statistics and, in particular, the empirical likelihood ratio statistic. Higher-order asymptotics for expected lengths of associated confidence intervals are investigated. An explicit formula is worked out and its use for comparative purposes is discussed. It is seen that the empirical likelihood ratio statistic, which enjoys interesting second-order power properties, loses much of its edge under the present criterion. Copyright 2005, Oxford University Press.
A “Riemann hypothesis” for triangulable manifolds

Given a triangulable manifold we show how to find a triangulation whose characteristic polynomial has roots which are either real or on the line Rez= 1/2. If AT is a (finite) simplicial complex, then fK(z) will denote the polynomial x/2 — f0(K) ■ z + fx(K) ■ z2 — •••; here x is the Euler characteristic of the underlying space M =\K\ and f(K) is the number of /-simplices in K. Theorem. // M is any closed triangulable manifold, then it admits a triangulation K for which all the nonreal zeros of fK(z) lie on the line Re z = 1/2. Proof. If L is any triangulation of Mm, then one has the functional equation fL(z) — (— l)m+xfL(l — z). (This fact is well known and is a concise way of writing the Dehn-Sommerville equations (see e.g. [1, p. 101]): it was observed by Klee [2] that these equations hold if the link of each /-simplex of L has the same Euler characteristic as an ( m — i — l)-dimensional sphere, e.g. if L triangulates a closed w-manifold. ) So the roots of fL(z) are symmetrically situated about the real axis and the line Rez = 1/2. For each integer a 3= 0 we construct a simplicial complex Lq as follows: L0 = L is any triangulation of Mm and Lq+X is obtained by deriving an «i-simplex of L . We note that fiS') =faz) -V+ f(* + l)z2 q[ m + l )z3 + ■ • • + (-l)m+1a(w+ X)zm+x-(-l)m+'qzm+x = fL(z) qz(l z)m+X -(-ir+VM+,(l z). We assert that for all q sufficiently big K = Lq is a triangulation of Mm such that fK(z) has distinct roots of which all but 2 lie on the line Rez = 1/2. It is clear that the remaining 2 roots must then be equal to 1/2 ± k for some k > 0; if x = 0 these exceptional roots are obviously 0 and 1. Note that fK(l z) = (-l)m+xfK(z) and fK(z) = fK(z) imply that for m odd (resp. «i even)fK(z) takes real (resp. purely imaginary) values on the line Re z — 1/2; the same is also true for the degree m + 1 polynomial -z(l z)m+X (-ir+I,"+I(l -z) = q-%(z) q~x ■ fL(z). Received by the editors September 3, 1982 and, in revised form, June 6, 1983. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 57Q15; Secondary 52A40, 05C15. ©1984 American Mathematical Society 0002-9939/84 $1.00 + $. 25 per page 325 License or copyright restrictions may apply to redistribution; see http://www.ams. org/journal-terms-of-use
The Mode Tree: A Tool for Visualization of Nonparametric Density Features

Abstract Recognition and extraction of features in a nonparametric density estimate are highly dependent on correct calibration. The data-driven choice of bandwidth h in kernel density estimation is a difficult one that is compounded by the fact that the globally optimal h is not generally optimal for all values of x. In recognition of this fact a new type of graphical tool, the mode tree, is proposed. The basic mode tree plot relates the locations of modes in density estimates with the bandwidths of those estimates. Additional information can be included on the plot indicating factors such as the size of modes, how modes split, and the locations of antimodes and bumps. The use of a mode tree in adaptive multimodality investigations is proposed, and an example is given to show the value in using a normal kernel, as opposed to the biweight or other kernels, in such investigations. Examples of such investigations are provided for Ahrens's chondrite data and van Winkle's Hidalgo stamp data. Finally, the biva.
Lifetime of a Lopsided Pattern: Damping of Lopsided Disks by Dynamical Friction

The effect of dynamical friction on the time evolution of lopsided disks is examined by using linear perturbation theory. The friction is caused by the gravitational interaction of a rotating lopsided pattern with a density wake induced in halos. The density wake is determined by solving the linearized collisionless Boltzmann and Poisson equations by means of the Fourier-Laplace transform. Then, it is found that dynamical friction always damps a lopsided pattern in our halo model. In addition, the damping time is much shorter than a Hubble time, typically 1 Gyr, unless the pattern speed is quite slow. Considering such a short damping timescale and the observed large fraction of lopsided disks in spirals, say, ≃30%, it will be unlikely that all of the lopsided disks are recently excited. Thus, it is suggested that most of the observed lopsided disks are very slowly rotating patterns. The significance of weakly damped modes that have a slow pattern speed is discussed.
Magnetic circular dichroism for surface and thin film magnetism: Measurement techniques and surface chemical applications

The technical development of the characterization of magnetic thin films is an urgent subject especially for further improvement of high-density and high-speed recording media. This article focuses attention on the fundamental methodology and recent exploitations of various magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) techniques. First, basic theories and experimental methods of the magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) are described. MOKE is a conventional but usually the most useful method to characterize macroscopic magnetization of metal thin films using visible lasers. Moreover, recent development of MOKE allows one to perform optical microscopic and ultrafast time resolved investigations. XMCD has now become a mature technique by virtue of the developments of soft and hard X-ray synchrotron radiation sources. Since XMCD is based on core absorption spectroscopy, the technique provides information on element specific magnetization. Using the so-called sum rules, one can determine the microscopic spin and orbital magnetic moments. The experimental method and an example using a superconducting magnet system combined with a liquid helium sample cryostat are described. Moreover, by combining XMCD with photoelectron emission microscopy (PEEM), one can perform spatiotemporal measurements, whose spatial resolution reaches several tens of nanometres. Magnetization induced second harmonic generation (MSHG) is also described. This is a unique technique for its inherently high sensitivity to surfaces and interfaces since MSHG is inhibited in the bulk of centrosymmetric crystals. The drastic polarization dependence of MSHG based on the selection rules is also discussed. As a last method addressed in this article, the threshold photoemission MCD technique is reviewed. The technique has recently been proposed and has demonstrated the possibility of an ultrafast spatiotemporal method by combining PEEM. Applications of these various MCD families to surface physical chemistry are described. Here, drastic spin reorientation transitions (SRT) of some metal thin films induced by adsorption of atoms and molecules are discussed from the macroscopic and microscopic points of view. Consequently, future aspects in the MCD techniques and surface and thin film magnetism are addressed.
Enforcement of Environmental Standards and the Central Limit Theorem

Abstract A simulation model of enforcement of the federal new source fly ash standard for coal-fired power plants indicates the standard is likely to be frequently violated. This is partly due to a pollution control device certification test which allows the average of as few as three tests to be used as an indicator of compliance. In accordance with the central limit theorem, this can lead to selection of inadequate control devices. Enforcement systems must account for the stochastic properties of pollution control devices and the implications of certification test sampling procedures for firm behavior if effective enforcement is to be achieved.
Terahertz source at 9.4 THz based on a dual-wavelength infrared laser and quasi-phase matching in organic crystals OH1

We present a compact, room temperature, and narrowband terahertz source, based on difference-frequency generation in the organic nonlinear optical crystals OH1 (2-[3-(4-hydroxystyryl)-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-enylidene]malononitrile). The system employs a specific dual-wavelength infrared laser that emits coaxial, synchronous 10-ns pulses of similar energy and duration at wavelengths of 1064 nm and 1030 nm by using Nd:YAG and Yb:YAG crystals within the split laser cavity. The common part of the laser cavity comprises an acousto-optic Q-switch and an output coupler. The output is frequency-mixed in a stack of several OH1 crystals in a quasi-phase-matching configuration, which is determined on the basis of refractive index and absorption measurements in the 1–11 THz range. The system generates terahertz radiation in pulse trains with 1.0 μW average power and a near-Gaussian intensity profile.
On Scattering of Waves by Random Distributions. I. Free‐Space Scatterer Formalism

Approximations are derived for the bulk parameters of the coherent multiple scattered field in a slab region of randomly distributed arbitrary scatterers. (The one‐, two‐, and three‐dimensional cases are treated simultaneously.) The propagation number K, and, e. g. , e and μ, are given explicitly in terms of conventional free‐space isolated scattering amplitudes; these results generalize existing special forms for monopoles, dipoles, cylinders, and spheres. Corresponding approximations are obtained for the differential‐scattering cross section per unit volume (i.e., the incoherent scattering), such that the total flux (coherent plus incoherent) fulfills the energy principle explicitly. Scattering and reciprocity theorems are derived for a ``multiple scattering amplitude'' of a scatterer within the distribution, and these are used to trace the energy ``losses'' of the coherent field which ``reappear'' as incoherent scattering. Several applications are considered.
The Effect of Lower Extremity Plyometric Training on the Proprioception and Postural Stability of Collegiate Soccer Players with Postural Instability

The purposes of this study were to determine the effects of lower extremity plyometric training on the proprioception and postural stability of collegiate soccer players with postural instability. The study was conducted from April 17, 2009 to September 28, 2009(for a total of 6 weeks). Ten male collegiate soccer players were enrolled into the study, then divided into two groups: the plyometric training group(PMT) and the classical postural stability training group(CPT). Plyometric training on the lower extremities showed statistically significant improvement on proprioception and postural stability(p<.05). Although not all neurophysiologic mechanisms underlying such an effect were revealed, it is proposed that plyometric training can be used as an effective training program to improve functional postural stability in soccer players with preexisting postural instability.