Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A PRAGMATIC APPROACH TO TREAT LUNG CANCER THROUGH LOADING THEAFLAVIN -3,3’-DIGALLATE AND EPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATE IN SPANLASTIC

Lung cancer has the highest mortality rate as compared to other cancers. The anti-proliferative and antioxidant potential of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and Theaflavin -3,3’-digallate (TF3) can play a major role in treatment if delivered efficiently. To improve the chemical stability and medicinal potential of EGCG and TF3 in the respiratory tract, a spanlastic is developed which is composed of Tween-80, Span-60, and cholesterol which encapsulate EGCG and TF3 inside its vesicular structure and deliver it specifically to the target cancer cells. The cholesterol layer will produce efficient penetration while tween-80 and span-60 will help in easily deformability and lowers the interfacial tension hence, produces a small Z-average diameter which facilitates efficient penetration between layers of cells. The nano-vesicular structure ensures the APIs stability at alkaline pH (7.6) and also increases cellular antioxidant activity and Ferric reducing antioxidant powers values of APIs. Better encapsulation efficiency and safe consideration by MTT assay are major advantages of Spanlastic. The lung cancer cell loses the ability of apoptosis, which can revived with the help of a nano-vesicular system of EGCG and TF3 and in addition, there will be activation of several other properties such as cell arrest, activation of miR-210, suppression of cyclin D1, inhibition of MAPK, ERK, and JAK-STAT at their maximum potential. Furthermore, a special type of spacer and pMDI canister are developed in order to maximize the drug stability and efficiency of its delivery.
A supply chain flexibility framework for engineer-to-order systems

The purpose of this paper is to develop and investigate a four-step framework for achieving appropriate flexibilities to mitigate the uncertainties experienced in supply chains. The framework is developed through four literature streams and then investigated in the specific setting of the construction industry. The empirical research is based on a case study design, involving two construction supply chain networks including 12 suppliers. The investigation shows how the framework can be applied, demonstrating that it provides a practical route map for organisations to follow. The four steps include: classify the supply chain, identify and analyse uncertainties, optimise pipelines and develop strategic flexibility. Example outputs are presented for each framework step from the empirical investigation. The principal academic contribution is the structured approach provided by the framework, and in doing so, it consolidates and establishes relationships between fields and concepts.
Numerical assessment of electromagnetic exposure during live-line works on high-voltage objects

Live-line workers are exposed to the electric and magnetic fields of considerable strength. These fields should be estimated and analysed for the protection of health and safety of workers. According to the European Directive 2004/40/EC (regarding the exposure of workers to the electromagnetic fields), the density of currents induced in the worker's body should be also evaluated. The indirect version of the boundary element method (BEM) is applied to the analysis of the electric field distribution in the live-line-working zone. This method is also employed for the modelling of eddy currents induced in the worker's body by the external magnetic field. Numerical models of power objects and a simplified model of the human body are implemented in the own author's computer programs. The above model of the human body is recommended by IEC/EN standards regarding the human exposure to the electromagnetic fields. Some numerical results concerning the hot-stick working method as well as the bare-hand working technique are presented.
A mechatronic approach to microsystem design

This paper discusses the implementation of a concurrent-engineering view of microsystem design. The proposed concurrent-engineering or mechatronic approach to the design of hybrid microsystems is illustrated by three case studies. First, the design of an advanced computer writing tool is discussed. The design of this consumer product requires a mechatronic approach at different functional levels and at different levels of miniaturization. Another illustration of this approach is the design of an implantable drug delivery device. A device for solid drug delivery, as well as a device for liquid drug delivery, are presented. It is demonstrated that miniaturization can be obtained by a combination of functions in a single component. The multiplication of functions in a single component automatically leads to a concurrent-engineering approach far the design. Finally, the micromanufacturing of silicon parts by electrodischarge machining is described. It is demonstrated that electrodischarge machining of silicon is not only feasible, but forms an interesting and complementary technology to traditional silicon micromachining. Therefore, this powerful manufacturing technique opens the way for concurrent engineering of real three-dimensional micromechanical sensors and actuators with integrated processing electronics on the same wafer.
Optimal life testing schedule for multiple types of integrated circuits

Life testing of highly reliable integrated circuits (ICs) is a time-consuming process because it usually takes a long time before an IC fails. Several methods have been proposed in the literature to reduce the time required for testing one type of IC. The author considers the problem of estimating the mean life of I types of IC (I>1). Assuming that the lifetime distribution of the ICs is exponential and at most N ICs can be tested concurrently, it is shown that the optimal life testing schedule that requires the smallest mean testing time is to test N ICs of type 1, then test N ICs of type 2,. and finally test N ICs of type I. >
SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistor with 213 GHz f/sub T/ at 77 K

An Si/Si0.65Ge0. 35 abrupt heterojunction bipolar transistor with transit frequencies fT of 133 and 213 GHz at 300 and 77 K, respectively, is reported. The corresponding maximum oscillation frequencies fmax are 81 and 115 GHz. The fT of 213 GHz is the highest value yet reported for any silicon-based bipolar transistor. A detailed analysis of the intrinsic delay times reveals that the base transit time plays the dominant role.
Redes neurais artificiais recorrentes aplicadas na correção de sinais distorcidos pela saturação de transformadores de corrente

This paper presents an alternative approach to the correction of distorted waveforms caused by the current transformer (CT) saturation. This method uses the Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) recurrent algorithms. Current transformers are present in the electric power systems for protection and measurements and they are highly susceptible to the saturation phenomenon. The EMTP-ATP software has been chosen as the computational tool to simulate the electrical system in order to generate data to train and test the ANNs. Many ANN architectures were trained and tested. Encouraging results related to the application of the new method are presented.
Principles of Operations Research---9. The Hawthorne Effect

This is the ninth of a set of articles on principles of operations research. As the reader will note, these are somewhat different from similarly titled subjects in the usual textbooks. Everybody knows about the Hawthorne Effect. Some 40 years ago some experiments were carried out at the Hawthorne plant near Chicago of the Western Electric Co. to determine the effect of the environment on productivity. Each change in rest period, lighting levels, and so forth was associated with an increase in productivity. Finally, they changed everything back to the way it had been in the first place and productivity increased by still a further increment. The workers reacted not to the variables which were supposed to be the subject of the experiment, but to the experiment itself.
Robust model predictive control and observer for direct drive applications

In this paper, robust position control of a direct drive using a state space model predictive control (MPC) algorithm is presented. The proposed controller consists of a state feedback regulator and a feedforward controller. Their gains are obtained by minimizing a cost function that is a sum of the position tracking errors and the control cost over some user defined time horizons. The effects of the controller parameters on the dynamic performance and the robustness of the direct drive are investigated. To provide good estimates of the state variables in the presence of load disturbance, a new observer based on the receding horizon concept is also formulated. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.
Landslide Susceptibility Region Mapping Using GIS, Analytic Hierarchy Process Model, and Multi-Criteria Analysis at the Chemoga Watershed, Upper Blue Nile, Ethiopia

Landslide susceptibility consists of an essential component in the day-to-day activity of human beings. A landslide incident typically happening at a low rate of recurrence when compared and in contrast to other events. This might be generated into main natural catastrophes relating to widespread and undesirable sound effects. Therefore, based on this perception and merging with the expert approach that has been the propensity to encourage and defy extreme physical development to generate a methodology to use GIS, AHP, and Multi-criteria decision analysis for landslide susceptibility maps. A geographic information system is a grouping with additional methods, such as the method for multi-criteria decision making. MCDA techniques are applied under such circumstances to categorize and class decisions for successive comprehensive estimation or else to state possible from impossible potentiality with various landslides. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) constructively applies for conveying influence to different criteria within Multi-criteria decision analysis. The causative landslide weights utilized within this research were elevation, slope, aspect, Soil type, Lithology, Distance to stream, Land use land cover, rainfall and drainage density achieved from various sources. Subsequently, to explain the significance of each constraint into landslide susceptibility weights of all factors were finding out AHP technique. Generally, landslide susceptibility maps of all factors were multiplied to their weights to acquire with the AHP technique. The result showed that the AHP methods are comparatively good quality estimators of landslide susceptibility identification within the chemoga watershed. As the result, the Chemoga watershed area of landslide susceptibility map classes was classified as 46.52%, 13.83%. 18.71%, 15.39%, and 5.55% of the occurred landslide fall to very low, low, moderate, high, and very high susceptibility zones respectively. Performance and accuracy of modeled maps have been established using GPS field data and Google earth data landslide map and Area under Curve (AUC) of the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (ROC). The research outcomes inveterate the very good test consistency of the generated maps. As the result, validation depends on the ROC specifies the accuracy of the map formed with the AHP merged through weighted overly method illustrated very good accuracy of AUC value 81.45%.
Assessment of the Impact of Road Transport Change on the Security of the Urban Social Environment

In the context of accelerating urbanisation, cities must ensure a viable economy, social well-being, and a healthy environment. Transport is one of the key conditions for economic development and meeting the needs of countries, regions, and cities. However, transport must meet not only the physiological but also the social needs of society, one of which is environmental security. Urban transport accounts for around 40% of CO2 emissions and 70% of other pollutants from road transport. Thus, one of the most difficult issues for any city to address when building bypasses is the growing number of cars in the city, traffic congestion, and the reduction of all greenhouse gas emissions. The documents adopted in July 2020 aim to revitalise the EU’s economy by moving towards a green economy and sustainability. In addition to the systematic and comparative analysis of concepts published in the scientific literature, the article also presents an analysis of the concepts of the sustainable city and sustainable transport, as well as a study of the social impact of bypasses and the assessment of the security of the social environment in the Baltic capitals. The aim of the article is to assess the impact of the growing number of vehicles on the security of the city’s social environment. Research results show that the number of pollutants and a direct dependence between the number of pollutants and the driving speed were established. Therefore, it needs to make investments in the transport sector: improving roads, the construction of bypasses, and the technical parameters of purchased cars.
Customer satisfaction measurement and analysis using six sigma

Six sigma is a way to measure the probability of manufacturing a product or creating a service with zero defects. Presents a case study to illustrate how the concept of zero defects, measured by six sigma, can be applied to customer satisfaction measurement and to examine the impact of customer expectations on the company’s strategies for improving satisfaction. The information presented is based on actual studies conducted for a high‐tech manufacturing company in the USA during 1991 and 1992. The performance and expectations values and some of the attributes have been altered for reasons of confidentiality.
The effect of the stator-slot opening on the interbar currents of skewed cage induction motor

This work uses a method based on the two-dimensional (2-D) finite-element method (FEM) and on the circuits theory to model the interbar currents in a skewed cage induction motor. With this model, the effects of the stator-slot opening on interbar currents are analyzed. Two values of the stator-slot width are considered. The skewing effect is taken into account by the multislice technique.
X-ray-Fluorescence Imaging for In Vivo Detection of Gold-Nanoparticle-Labeled Immune Cells: A GEANT4 Based Feasibility Study

Simple Summary One novel approach in cancer therapy is the use of genetically modified immune cells that are more specifically directed to a tumor than common chemotherapy. This creates the need for medical imaging methods that can be used to track these immune cells during therapy. Our study provides computer simulations of potential applications of X-ray fluorescence imaging for this purpose. We showed that if immune cells were labeled with gold nanoparticles as an imaging marker, the amounts of immune cells that would be expected to be found in a tumor or inflammation site could be detected with our setup. Our feasibility study thus shows results that are promising estimates on what can be achieved. Abstract The growing field of cellular therapies in regenerative medicine and oncology calls for more refined diagnostic tools that are able to investigate and monitor the function and success of said therapies. X-ray Fluorescence Imaging (XFI) can be applied for molecular imaging with nanoparticles, such as gold nanoparticles (GNPs), which can be used in immune cell tracking. We present a Monte Carlo simulation study on the sensitivity of detection and associated radiation dose estimations in an idealized setup of XFI in human-sized objects. Our findings demonstrate the practicability of XFI in human-sized objects, as immune cell tracking with a minimum detection limit of 4.4 × 105 cells or 0.86 μg gold in a cubic volume of 1.78 mm3 can be achieved. Therefore, our results show that the current technological developments form a good basis for high sensitivity XFI.
A Landscape Neo-Baroque: Design as a Cultural Strategy for the Restoration of Urban Ecosystems

This paper presents a design strategy as a technique for increasing the ecological relevance of constructed (designed) landscapes. The paper focuses on Perth, Western Australia, a rapidly expanding settler-city located in an internationally recognized biodiversity hotspot. While uniquely endued in plant endemism and species richness, the city’s fringes are smoothed over and bulldozed with little regard. Located in the Southwest Australian Floristic Region, the landscape’s extreme age and stability, its isolation and Gondwanan botanical heritage, and the ability of its plants to thrive in old, leached stable soils are some of the factors that account for this botanical richness. While scientists continually strive to understand the specific, Perth’s inhabitants persistently crave the verdant picturesque. Without an acute and novel approach to modifying current design and development practices, Perth’s biodiversity is headed for extinction. The paper is developed in four sections: firstly, it asserts that designed landscape should be treated as potential novel ecosystems, allowing for a more robust cultural and ecological exchange. Secondly, it elaborates on the particularities of site and problems within the locale of Perth, Western Australia and, in doing so, briefly presents some considerations of Perth’s OCBIL landscapes. The paper then introduces the Baroque as a potential cultural framework upon which to articulate a considered design strategy. This paper elaborates on how baroque design strategies can structure the creation of resilient and ecologically productive novel ecosystems grounded in a critical and local aesthetic of ecological complexity.
Dual frequency band antenna combined with a high impedance band gap surface

A compact dual-band antenna structure for automotive and aerospace applications is discussed. A bow tie dual-band electromagnetic band gap (EBG) element geometry is presented that has a reduced cell dimension compared to the wavelength yet has sufficient bandwidth for mobile communication applications. The EBG was combined with a printed planar monopole to produce a structure 8 mm thick. The return loss and radiation patterns gave satisfactory performance at two frequency bands with bandwidths of 11% at 1700 MHz and 7% at 2600 MHz. There was suppression of the back radiation at both bands of 5 dB or better even for the small 3 times 3 element EBG used and the antenna was platform tolerant.
Distributed Coordination of Multi-agent Networks: Emergent Problems, Models, and Issues

Distributed Coordination of Multi-agent Networks introduces problems, models, and issues such as collective periodic motion coordination, collective tracking with a dynamic leader, and containment control with multiple leaders, and explores ideas for their solution. Solving these problems extends the existing application domains of multi-agent networks; for example, collective periodic motion coordination is appropriate for applications involving repetitive movements, collective tracking guarantees tracking of a dynamic leader by multiple followers in the presence of reduced interaction and partial measurements, and containment control enables maneuvering of multiple followers by multiple leaders.
Stress characterization of electroplated gold layers for low temperature surface micromachining

In this work, the stress of electroplated gold films has been analyzed versus plating current density and bath temperature. Two different plating solutions have been adopted, one being based on cyanide-gold salt, the other on sulfite-gold. Gold surface quality was investigated in the experimented range of plating temperature and current density, in order to control the limit conditions for plating: surface roughness and non-uniformity appear whenever deposition parameters are brought to the limit (typically below 2 mA/cm/sup 2/ and above 5 mA/cm/sup 2/). Plated gold stress measurement was carried out by wafer curvature comparison, before and after deposition, using Stoney's formula for thin films/sup 1,2/. A current density range between 1.5 and 6 mA/cm/sup 2/ and temperature range between 50 and 70/spl deg/C was investigated. Stress analysis was also carried out on a Cr-Au multilayer, which actually is the structural layer employed for gold microstructures: the multilayer consists of a chromium adhesion layer, a PVD gold seed layer and a plated gold layer, with thickness respectively 10 nm, 150 nm and 1500 nm. A range of stress was obtained, varying from tensile to compressive: cyanide bath yielded stress from -30 MPa to about 0 MPa, and sulfite bath showed stress between -90 MPa and 110 MPa. Stress variation induced by thermal treatments after deposition was also investigated, by examining the effect of photoresist sacrificial etching on the internal stress of chromium-gold structural layers: the final stress was about 180 MPa tensile for all samples, regardless the as-deposited stress, with a variation ranging from about 80 MPa to more than 200 MPa.
Disasters and Settlements – Towards an Understanding of the Key Issues*

Therefore the agenda of the conference was itself a reflection of our current knowledge. It included 34 papers on a wide yet closely inter-related series of topics: the state of the art in housing and shelter provision; vulnerability and mitigation measures; the cultural, political and developmental context of disasters; the relationship of casualties to housing damage; the physiological requirements of shelter; case studies of the modification of unsafe building techniques as attempted in recent disasters; finally a study of education techniques for local builders constructing safe houses.
Mixed Finite-Element Modeling of Rectangular Concrete-Filled Steel Tube Members and Frames under Static and Dynamic Loads

A computational study was conducted to investigate the nonlinear response of composite frames consisting of rectangular concrete-filled steel tube (RCFT) beam-columns and steel framing subjected to static and dynamic loads. Following mixed finite-element principles, a three-dimensional fiber-based beam finite-element model was developed, allowing slip deformation between steel tube and the concrete core. Comprehensive material constitutive relations were developed for the steel tube and the concrete core through examining the experimental results in the literature. The uniaxial stress-based steel and concrete constitutive relations include modeling of the effects of confinement, steel tube local buckling, cycling concrete into both tension and compression, cyclic softening, and other key cyclic phenomena observed for steel and concrete in RCFT members. The finite-element model was verified against a wide range of experimental tests under monotonic, quasistatic cyclic, and pseudodynamic loading conditions. The mixed finite-element model produced strong correlations with experimental results to simulate the nonlinear response of RCFT members with excellent computational efficiency.
On-current modeling of large-grain polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors

Large-grain excimer laser-annealed polysilicon TFTs are studied. Due to the large grain size of the polysilicon film (about 2.5 /spl mu/m), we propose a model for the on-current (above threshold voltage) taking into account the number of grain boundaries within the channel. This linear-region model considers grain and grain boundaries as two noncorrelated regions within the channel of a polysilicon TFT. The trap density at the grain boundaries and the device parameters involved in this model are determined by fitting the experimental transfer characteristic in the linear regime. Moreover, we show that the proposed model provides reliable results within a temperature range from 150 K to 300 K. Finally, it serves to optimize the energy density of laser annealing and to make predictions about polysilicon TFT technology, since TFTs performances versus grain size plots can be obtained.