Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Randomized Trial Comparing Burr Hole Craniostomy, Minicraniotomy, and Twist Drill Craniostomy for Treatment of Chronic Subdural Hematoma

BACKGROUND: The mainstay of treatment for symptomatic or large chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is surgery, but controversy still exists regarding the best surgical technique. Three different techniques are commonly used: burr hole craniostomy (BHC), minicraniotomy (MC), and twist drill craniostomy (TDC). OBJECTIVE: To determine which surgical technique for drainage of CSDH offers best results. METHODS: We set up a multicenter prospective randomized trial (Comparison of Chronic Subdural Hematoma Treatment [COMPACT] trial) comparing BHC, MC, and TDC for the surgical treatment of CSDH. The primary end point was reoperation rate, and secondary end points included complication rates and clinical outcome. Patients were considered to have good outcome when they did not undergo reoperation, suffered no surgical or medical complication, and had no related mortality. Clinical outcome was also evaluated by evolution of the Markwalder score and the modified Rankin score. RESULTS: Two-hundred forty-five patients were included in the final analysis: 79 BHC, 84 MC, and 82 TDC. Mean duration of surgery was shorter for TDC than for BHC and MC (P < .001). Reoperation rate was 7.6% for BHC, 13.1% for MC, and 19.5% for TDC (P = .07). This trend toward better results for BHC was not statistically significant in logistic regression analysis. The proportion of patients with good outcome was 78.5% for BHC group, 76.2% for MC, and 69.5% for TDC (P = .4). Evolution of the Markwalder score and modified Rankin score were not significantly different between treatment groups. CONCLUSION: All 3 techniques are effective at treating patients with CSDH with eventual 6-month outcome being similar. Although not reaching statistical significance in our study, BHC offers the lowest recurrence rate combined with manageable complication rate.
Gaze and social functioning associations in autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by significant social functioning impairments, including (but not limited to) emotion recognition, mentalizing, and joint attention. Despite extensive investigation into the correlates of social functioning in ASD, only recently has there been focus on the role of low‐level sensory input, particularly visual processing. Extensive gaze deficits have been described in ASD, from basic saccadic function through to social attention and the processing of complex biological motion. Given that social functioning often relies on accurately processing visual information, inefficient visual processing may contribute to the emergence and sustainment of social functioning difficulties in ASD. To explore the association between measures of gaze and social functioning in ASD, a systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted. A total of 95 studies were identified from a search of CINAHL Plus, Embase, OVID Medline, and psycINFO databases in July 2021. Findings support associations between increased gaze to the face/head and eye regions with improved social functioning and reduced autism symptom severity. However, gaze allocation to the mouth appears dependent on social and emotional content of scenes and the cognitive profile of participants. This review supports the investigation of gaze variables as potential biomarkers of ASD, although future longitudinal studies are required to investigate the developmental progression of this relationship and to explore the influence of heterogeneity in ASD clinical characteristics.
CONTROL OF A COUPLED TANK SYSTEM USING PI CONTROLLER WITH ADVANCED CONTROL METHODS

The liquid level control in tanks and flow control between cascaded or coupled tanks are the basic control problems exist in process industries nowadays. Liquids are to be pumped, stored or mixed in tanks for various types of chemical processes and all these require essential control and regulation of flow and liquid level. In this paper, different types of tuning methods are proposed for Proportional-Integral (PI) controller and are further improved with integration of Advanced Process Control (APC) method such as feedforward and gain scheduling to essentially control the liquid level in Tank 2 of a coupled tank system. The MATLAB/Simulink tools are used to design PI controller using pole-placement, Ciancone, Cohen Coon and modified Ziegler-Nichols tuning method with Cohen Coon tuning method found to have a better performance. Advanced process control such as feedforward-plus-PI, Gain Scheduling (GS) based PI, Internal Model Control (IMC) based PI, feedforward-plus-GS-based PI and feedforward-plus-IMC-based PI controllers are further tested as improvement version to further compare the significance of the advanced process control outcomes hence GS-PI, improved GI-base PI-plus FF found to have better performance. The GS method is built over five operating points to approximate the system’s nonlinearity and is eventually combined with feedforward control to yield a much better performance.
Respiratory viruses among pediatric inpatients with acute lower respiratory tract infections in Jinan, China, 2016–2019

The viral etiologies responsible for acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRI) are a major cause of pediatric hospitalization, and some develop severe diseases requiring pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of viruses and risk factors associated with PICU admission among patients hospitalized for ALRI. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected to detect human rhinovirus (HRV), influenza A and B viruses (IAV and IBV), parainfluenza viruses (PIV), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and adenovirus (ADV) by PCR. Of the 5590 pediatric inpatients enrolled, respiratory viral infection occurred in 2102 (37.60%) patients, including 1846 (33.02%) single and 256 (4.58%) mixed viral infections. Among the nasopharyngeal swabs from pediatric inpatients, HRV accounted for the highest detection rate (16.48%), followed by PIV (8.35%), RSV (7.41%), ADV (4.63%), IAV (3.51%), and IBV (2.08%). The positive rate of viral tests decreased with increasing age and was higher in males (39.29%) than females (34.67%). The prevalence of viral infection was the highest in winter (41.57%) and lowest in autumn (31.78%). Each virus had a seasonal pattern, with peaks occurring in months of their epidemic seasons. RSV infection and the presence of comorbidities including congenital tracheal stenosis, congenital heart disease, metabolic disorder, immunodeficiency, renal disease, gastrointestinal disease, and neurological disorder might be associated with the need for PICU admission. Therefore, this study provides useful information for the prevention and control of virus‐related respiratory diseases and the early identification of and intervention in severe cases.
Contrastive Learning-Based Dual Dynamic GCN for SAR Image Scene Classification

As a typical label-limited task, it is significant and valuable to explore networks that enable to utilize labeled and unlabeled samples simultaneously for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image scene classification. Graph convolutional network (GCN) is a powerful semisupervised learning paradigm that helps to capture the topological relationships of scenes in SAR images. While the performance is not satisfactory when existing GCNs are directly used for SAR image scene classification with limited labels, because few methods to characterize the nodes and edges for SAR images. To tackle these issues, we propose a contrastive learning-based dual dynamic GCN (DDGCN) for SAR image scene classification. Specifically, we design a novel contrastive loss to capture the structures of views and scenes, and develop a clustering-based contrastive self-supervised learning model for mapping SAR images from pixel space to high-level embedding space, which facilitates the subsequent node representation and message passing in GCNs. Afterward, we propose a multiple features and parameter sharing dual network framework called DDGCN. One network is a dynamic GCN to keep the local consistency and nonlocal dependency of the same scene with the help of a node attention module and a dynamic correlation matrix learning algorithm. The other is a multiscale and multidirectional fully connected network (FCN) to enlarge the discrepancies between different scenes. Finally, the features obtained by the two branches are fused for classification. A series of experiments on synthetic and real SAR images demonstrate that the proposed method achieves consistently better classification performance than the existing methods.
Assessing climate change impacts on Pacific salmon and trout using bioenergetics and spatiotemporal explicit river temperature predictions under varying riparian conditions

Pacific salmon and trout populations are affected by timber harvest, the removal and alteration of riparian vegetation, and the resulting physical changes to water quality, temperature, and associated delivery of high-quality terrestrial prey. Juvenile salmon and trout growth, a key predictor of survival, is poorly understood in the context of current and future (climate-change mediated) conditions, with resource managers needing information on how land use will impact future river conditions for these commercially and culturally important species. We used the Heat Source water temperature modeling framework to develop a spatiotemporal model to assess how riparian canopy and vegetation preservation and addition could influence river temperatures under future climate predictions in a coastal river fed by a moraine-dammed lake: the Quinault River in Washington State. The model predicted higher water temperatures under future carbon emission projections, representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5, with varying magnitude based on different riparian vegetation scenarios. We used the daily average temperature output from these scenarios to predict potential juvenile fish growth using the Wisconsin bioenergetics model. A combination of riparian vegetation removal and continued high carbon emissions resulted in a predicted seven-day average daily maximum temperature (7DADM) increase of 1.7°C in the lower river by 2080; increases in riparian shading mitigate this 7DADM increase to only 0.9°C. Under the current thermal regime, bioenergetics modeling predicts juvenile fish lose weight in the lower river; this loss of potential growth worsens by an average of 20–83% in the lower river by 2080, increasing with the loss of riparian shading. This study assess the impact of riparian vegetation management on future thermal habitat for Pacific salmon and trout under warming climates and provide a useful spatially explicit modeling framework that managers can use to make decisions regarding riparian vegetation management and its mechanistic impact to water temperature and rearing juvenile fish.
Presumed congenital nictitating membrane dysplasia in a Japanese white rabbit

Abstract Objective The present report characterises a spontaneous nictitating membrane abnormality in a Japanese white rabbit. Animal studied The animal was a male Japanese white rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus, Kbs:JW, 10 weeks old at the time of purchase) that had not received any treatment. A morphological abnormality of the nictitating membrane in the animal's right eye was detected. Procedures Ophthalmological examinations, including slit‐lamp biomicroscopy, corneal and conjunctival staining with fluorescein and lissamine green, fundoscopy, blinking rate measurement, Schirmer's tear test, and tonometry were performed. The animal was euthanised at 15 weeks of age, and histopathological examinations of the abnormal nictitating membrane, palpebral conjunctiva, eyelid and eyeball were performed. Results The tip of the nictitating membrane adhered to the palpebral conjunctiva of the medial canthus. The eye and periocular tissues showed no abnormalities in the ophthalmological examinations, except for the structure of the nictitating membrane. Histopathological examination revealed that the adhered site of the nictitating membrane and the palpebral conjunctiva consisted of dense fibrous connective tissue that was consecutive to the conjunctiva adjacent to the eyelid margin and lamina propria of the nictitating membrane. The fibrous connective tissue was covered with stratified squamous epithelium. Conclusion Based on these results, we diagnosed this abnormal finding as congenital nictitating membrane dysplasia. This paper is the first case report describing a congenital structural abnormality of the nictitating membrane in a Japanese white rabbit.
Effects of Β-blocker Administration on Cardiac Function: A Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography Study

Background: β-blockers are widely used for lowering heart rate (HR) during coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA); however, they should be used with caution for patients with heart failure as they may have a negative inotropic effect. Objective: To clarify the effects of β-blockers (oral and intravenous injection) on cardiac function using CCTA. Methods: A total of 244 patients (men: women = 166: 78; mean age, 64.4 years old) suspected of having ischemic cardiac disease and had undergone echocardiography within 3 months before and after CCTA were included in the study. Systematic errors in ejection fraction (EF) were corrected by calculating ΔEF from the EF difference between echocardiography and CCTA in patients not using β-blockers. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed for factors affecting ∆EF. In addition, HR between, before, and during CCTA were compared by Wilcoxon’s test. Results: Temporary oral or intravenous administration of β-blockers at the CCTA had no significant effects on EF (p = 0.70), whereas HR was significantly decreased (p < 0.001). However, regular administration of β-blockers increases the EF on CCTA. Conclusion: The administration of β-blockers immediately before CCTA affects HR but not EF. Premedication with β-blockers can be safely used for patients who undergo CCTA, and CCTA is useful for EF evaluation, independent of the use of β-blockers.
Rifapentine access in Europe: growing concerns over key tuberculosis treatment component

Rifapentine, a synthetic derivate of rifampicin which was developed in 1965, has interesting pharmacological properties, including a long terminal half-life (13 h, compared to 2–3 h for rifampicin) and promising bactericidal activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Despite being approved in 1998 by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis, its global use has been limited by unavailability. In the past decade, new evidence has emerged to define rifapentine as a key component for treatment of active disease and latent infection with M. tuberculosis (LTBI). Lack of access to rifapentine in Europe denies patients optimal care for active tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis infection, and deprives healthcare providers of adequate tools to pursue tuberculosis control and elimination https://bit.ly/3jz85eh
Interaction mechanism between ZnO nanoparticles-whey protein and its effect on toxicity in GES-1 cells.

The interaction between zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and whey protein (WP) was studied. The gastric epithelial cell line (GES-1) was used to evaluate the toxicity intensity of ZnO NPs. The interaction mechanism of ZnO NPs and WP was studied by spectroscopic techniques. The results showed that the inhibitory effect of ZnO NPs on cells activity could be reduced when added to ZnO NPs at a concentration of 50 µg/ml. The fluorescence quenching mechanism of ZnO NPs on WP is a combination of dynamic and static quenching. The interaction force between ZnO NPs and WP can be considered as H-bond and VdW force, and they have two binding sites. The interaction between WP and ZnO NPs leads to the loosening of the structural skeleton of WP and the extension of peptide chain, which exposes the tyrosine (Tyr) and tryptophan (Trp) hydrophobic groups in the hydrophobic region of protein molecules and reduces the hydrophobicity of the microenvironment. The ZnO NPs might form a complex with WP through H-bond, hydrophobic interactions, and so on, leading to peptide chain rearrangement, and finally causing changes in the secondary structure of α-helix. Practical Application This study provides a theoretical basis for future research on the interaction between food ingredients and nanomaterials, the evaluation of toxicity of nanomaterials and the application scope of nanomaterials in food field.
Development of strawberry jam and its quality evaluation during storage

The present study was conducted to develop a strawberry jam and to evaluate its quality parameters during storage. The research work was carried out at Food Technology Centre of PCSIR Labs Complex Peshawar. Fresh, healthy and mature fruits were sorted, washed and pieces were made with the help of stainless steel knife and dipped in 0.2 % citric acid solution to avoid browning. The fruit pieces were cooked into the open steel kettle and cooked till the required brix (68obrix). Fruit jam was allowed to cool and stored in sterilized glass jars for sixty days. The physicochemical analysis such as TSS, pH, acidity (%), sugar acid ratio, reducing sugar and non reducing sugar were studied at an interval of 15 days for a total period of sixty days. The Strawberry jam was also organoleptically evaluated by a panel of 10 experienced judges using Nine Point Hedonic Scale. Results showed that the values of TSS ( o brix), acidity (%), pH, sugar acid ratio and non reducing sugar (%) significantly decreased from 66.5, 0.68, 3.20, 97.79, 28.11 to 68.6, 0.86, 2.91, 80 and 25.24 respectively during sixty days of storage while reducing sugar increased from 42.58 to 45.32 %. The organoleptic evaluation shows that the values of colour, taste and overall acceptability also decreased from 9.0 to 7.0, 7.1 and 7.0 respectively during storage. From the overall results it is concluded that the prepared strawberry jam is of good quality and has maximum consumer acceptance.
Epigenetic Reprogramming in Host-Parasite Coevolution: The Toxoplasma Paradigm.

Like many intracellular pathogens, the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii has evolved sophisticated mechanisms to promote its transmission and persistence in a variety of hosts by injecting effector proteins that manipulate many processes in the cells it invades. Specifically, the parasite diverts host epigenetic modulators and modifiers from their native functions to rewire host gene expression to counteract the innate immune response and to limit its strength. The arms race between the parasite and its hosts has led to accelerated adaptive evolution of effector proteins and the unconventional secretion routes they use. This review provides an up-to-date overview of how T. gondii effectors, through the evolution of intrinsically disordered domains, the formation of supramolecular complexes, and the use of molecular mimicry, target host transcription factors that act as coordinating nodes, as well as chromatin-modifying enzymes, to control the fate of infected cells and ultimately the outcome of infection. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Microbiology, Volume 76 is September 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews. org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Neural Functions of Hypothalamic Oxytocin and its Regulation

Oxytocin (OT), a nonapeptide, has a variety of functions. Despite extensive studies on OT over past decades, our understanding of its neural functions and their regulation remains incomplete. OT is mainly produced in OT neurons in the supraoptic nucleus (SON), paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and accessory nuclei between the SON and PVN. OT exerts neuromodulatory effects in the brain and spinal cord. While magnocellular OT neurons in the SON and PVN mainly innervate the pituitary and forebrain regions, and parvocellular OT neurons in the PVN innervate brainstem and spinal cord, the two sets of OT neurons have close interactions histologically and functionally. OT expression occurs at early life to promote mental and physical development, while its subsequent decrease in expression in later life stage accompanies aging and diseases. Adaptive changes in this OT system, however, take place under different conditions and upon the maturation of OT release machinery. OT can modulate social recognition and behaviors, learning and memory, emotion, reward, and other higher brain functions. OT also regulates eating and drinking, sleep and wakefulness, nociception and analgesia, sexual behavior, parturition, lactation and other instinctive behaviors. OT regulates the autonomic nervous system, and somatic and specialized senses. Notably, OT can have different modulatory effects on the same function under different conditions. Such divergence may derive from different neural connections, OT receptor gene dimorphism and methylation, and complex interactions with other hormones. In this review, brain functions of OT and their underlying neural mechanisms as well as the perspectives of their clinical usage are presented.
Early detection of Parkinson disease using stacking ensemble method

Abstract Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common progressive neurodegenerative disorder that occurs due to corrosion of the substantianigra, located in the thalamic region of the human brain, and is responsible for the transmission of neural signals throughout the human body using brain chemical, termed as “dopamine. ” Diagnosis of PD is difficult, as it is often affected by the characteristics of the medical data of the patients, which include the presence of various indicators, imbalance cases of patients’ data records, similar cases of healthy/affected persons, etc. Hence, sometimes the process of diagnosis may also be affected by human error. To overcome this problem some intelligent models have been proposed; however, most of them are single classifier-based models and due to this these models cannot handle noisy and imbalanced data properly and thus sometimes overfit the model. To reduce bias and variance, and to avoid overfitting of a single classifier-based model, this paper proposes an ensemble-based PD diagnosis model, named Ensembled Expert System for Diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease (EESDPD) with relevant features and a simple stacking ensemble technique. The proposed EESDPD aggregates diverse assumptions for making the prediction. The performance of the proposed EESDPD is compared with the performances of logistic regression, SVM, Naïve Bayes, Random Forest, XGBoost, simple Decision Tree, B-TDS-PD and B-TESM-PD in terms of classification accuracy, precision, recall and F1-score measures.
The devil may be in the details: The need for contextually rich stimuli in memory consolidation research

ABSTRACT Systems consolidation theory (SCT) proposes that the hippocampus is not required for retrieval of remote memories. In this issue, Tallman and colleagues observe reduced hippocampal-cortical connectivity in recognition memory as a function of memory age, which they interpret as supportive of SCT. We suggest that research seeking to inform this debate would benefit from using perceptually rich stimuli that promote the recollection of high-fidelity contextual details. Tests of recognition alone may not be capable of discerning whether reductions in hippocampal activity or connectivity reflect remote memory retrieval independent of hippocampus (consistent with SCT) or a time-dependent decline in episodic detail.