Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hypocholesterolemic Effect of Protein Isolated from Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Seeds

We extracted the protein fraction (QP) from quinoa seeds. Mice were fed on 0.5% cholesterol diet, containing 0%, 2.5% and 5.0% of QP (control, QP 2.5% and QP 5.0%, respectively) for 4 weeks. Neither supplemental QP diet produced a difference in food intake and body weight gain. The QP supplementation significantly prevented the increase in plasma and liver total cholesterol levels. Fecal weight and excretion of bile acids in the QP groups was significantly higher than in the control group. QP showed bile acid-binding activity in vitro. Expression of mRNA of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase in the liver, a key enzyme for cholesterol biosynthesis, was suppressed by the QP diet, whereas the expression of cholesterol-7α-hydroxylase, a cholesterol catabolic enzyme, was found to be stimulated. These results suggest that the prevention of increases in plasma and liver cholesterol levels in mice fed the QP diet can be ascribed to the inhibition of the re-absorption of bile acids in the small intestine and control of cholesterol synthesis and catabolism.
Institutional Resource Regimes: The Case of Water Management in Switzerland

The increased consumption of goods and services derived from natural resources has resulted in competing uses, increasing scarcity, and destruction of the resources stock. The use of such threatened resources can be institutionally influenced and managed by means of Institutional Resource Regimes (IR). An IR is a combination of ownership, disposition and use rights, and of resource-specific protection and exploitation policies. This article presents the theoretical IR concept and analyses the historical development of IRs for the water resource in Switzerland. In particular, it identifies those historical moments where the IRs actually changed, as well as the entire development trajectory of the IRs for the period 1870±2000.
Nationalism, development and integration: the political economy of Ernest Gellner

In this paper, we show how in Gellner we can find a stimulating analysis of the institutional equilibria that characterise agrarian and industrial society and the conditions that make possible institutional change from one equilibrium to another. This allows a convincing account of the reasons why some countries industrialised before others and why nationalism had such an uneven impact on the development of market economies. We consider the relation between Gellner's analysis and other theories of organisation and point out how Gellner can help to solve some paradoxes that arise in these theories. We also argue that joining Gellner's contribution to the analysis of the positional nature of status and power reinforces his conclusion about the necessary stagnation of agrarian societies and the necessary (over)accumulation of different forms of capitalism. We conclude by examining the implications of his analysis for the process of globalisation and its challenge to national states. Copyright 2003, Oxford University Press.
Optimum detection for extracting maximum information from symmetric qubit sets

We demonstrate a class of optimum detection strategies for extracting the maximum information from sets of equiprobable real symmetric qubit states of a single photon. These optimum strategies have been predicted by Sasaki et al. [Phys. Rev. A 59, 3325 (1999)]. The peculiar aspect is that the detections with at least three outputs suffice for optimum extraction of information regardless of the number of signal elements. The cases of ternary (or trine), quinary, and septenary polarization signals are studied where a standard von Neumann detection (a projection onto a binary orthogonal basis) fails to access the maximum information. Our experiments demonstrate that it is possible with present technologies to attain about 96% of the theoretical limit.
Electroanalytical Methods for Determination of Sunset Yellow— a Review

The review highlights the electroanalytical methods used for the determination of the artificial dye Sunset Yellow, one of the most frequently used azo–dyes, with a very wide field of the application during the last two decades. As azo–dyes may have detrimental effects on living organisms, their content in food must be strictly controlled. Despite other analytical methods for determination of azo– dyes, the electroanalytical methods, especially voltammetric methods, offer many other advantages besides high sensitivity, selectivity, and reproducibility – e.g., less time for sample preparation and determination, low investment and running cost, electrode miniaturization and modifications, as well as use of eco–friendly materials. This critical review focuses on the electrode materials and their modifications since they are the deciding factor for a successful voltammetric determination of Sunset Yellow. In addition to this, the reaction mechanisms for determination and analytical performance are also presented in the paper.
Video Laryngoscopy in the Prehospital Setting

Abstract In the prehospital setting, the emergency care provider must anticipate that some patients will manifest with difficult airways. The use of video laryngoscopy to secure an airway in the prehospital setting has not been explored widely, but has the potential to be a useful tool. This article briefly reviews some of the major video laryngoscopes on the market and their usefulness in the prehospital setting. Studies and case reports indicate that the video laryngoscope is a promising device for emergency intubation, and it has been predicted that, in the future, video laryngoscopy will dominate the field of emergency airway management. Direct laryngoscopy always should be retained as a primary skill; however, the video laryngoscope has the potential to be a good primary choice for the patient with potential cervical spine injuries or limited jaw or spine mobility, and in the difficult-to-access patient.The role of video laryngoscopes in securing an airway in head and neck trauma victims in the prehospital setting has yet to be determined, but offers interesting possibilities. Further clinical studies are necessary to evaluate its role in airway management by prehospital emergency medical services.
Effects of prolonged and exclusive breastfeeding on child height, weight, adiposity, and blood pressure at age 6.5 y: evidence from a large randomized trial.

BACKGROUND The evidence that breastfeeding protects against obesity and a variety of chronic diseases comes almost entirely from observational studies, which have a potential for bias due to confounding, selection bias, and selective publication. OBJECTIVE We assessed whether an intervention designed to promote exclusive and prolonged breastfeeding affects children's height, weight, adiposity, and blood pressure at age 6.5 y. DESIGN The Promotion of Breastfeeding Intervention Trial (PROBIT) is a cluster-randomized trial of a breastfeeding promotion intervention based on the WHO/UNICEF Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative. A total of 17,046 healthy breastfed infants were enrolled from 31 Belarussian maternity hospitals and their affiliated clinics; of those infants, 13,889 (81.5%) were followed up at 6.5 y with duplicate measurements of anthropometric variables and blood pressure. Analysis was based on intention to treat, with statistical adjustment for clustering within hospitals or clinics to permit inferences at the individual level. RESULTS The experimental intervention led to a much greater prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding at 3 mo in the experimental than in the control group (43.3% and 6.4%, respectively; P < 0.001) and a higher prevalence of any breastfeeding throughout infancy. No significant intervention effects were observed on height, body mass index, waist or hip circumference, triceps or subscapular skinfold thickness, or systolic or diastolic blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS The breastfeeding promotion intervention resulted in substantial increases in the duration and exclusivity of breastfeeding, yet it did not reduce the measures of adiposity, increase stature, or reduce blood pressure at age 6.5 y in the experimental group. Previously reported beneficial effects on these outcomes may be the result of uncontrolled confounding and selection bias.
Lessons Learned from Facilitation in Collaborative Design

The importance of a skilled facilitator in design meetings with users is often emphasized, but less is said about how to improve the facilitation process. This paper reports experiences and lessons learned from facilitation of card-based sessions in three design cases through an analysis of two sessions with users, and one session with professional designers. The analysis showed that many alternatives were not documented in the sessions with users who designed primarily by talking, compared to the professional designers who primarily designed by placing cards. We propose that facilitation, in cases similar to those presented here, could be improved by suggesting alternatives and possible consequences, prompt the participants to explore the consequences, and graphic facilitation.
Stability of rapid finite‐fault inversion for the 2014 Mw6.1 South Napa earthquake

Local seismograms are useful for rapidly reconstructing kinematic finite‐fault sources, but the results often depend not only on the data coverage but also on uncertainties of parameters (e.g., hypocentral location and fault geometry) used as a priori information during the inversion. An automatic scheme was applied to offline tests for the 2014 South Napa earthquake. In the case of retrospective full‐waveform inversions, a network with station spacing of 10 km within the epicentral distance of 30 km is able to provide adequate stable key source parameters if the preestimated hypocenter and fault orientation are accurate of ±5 km and ±15°, respectively. In simulated real‐time inversions, the magnitude reaches Mw6.0 at 13 s, and the slip distribution matches that from the retrospective inversion at about 22–28 s after the origin time of the earthquake. These results are meaningful for estimating the lead time of a catastrophic seismic event.
Smash product of $E(1)$-local spectra at an odd prime

Soit (M,^) une categorie de modeles monoidale stable. Nous analysons l'interaction entre la structure monoidale et les morphismes structurels du systeme de categories triangulees de diagrammes Ho(M C ) telles que definies dans [Fra96]. Comme application, nous prouvons qu'une equivalence de categories definie dans [loc.cit. ] envoie le Smash produit de spectres E(1)-locaux sur un produit tensoriel derive de complexes de cochaines. Let (M,/\) be a stable monoidal model category. We analyze the interaction of the monoidal structure with the structure maps of the system of triangulated diagram categories Ho(M C ) defined in [Fra96]. As an application, we prove that an equivalence of categories defined in [ibid.] maps the smash product of E(1)-local spectra to a derived tensor product of cochain complexes.
The Ecological Effect and global Chemical Recycle of the Heavy Metal Lead

With the development of industrialization,a large number of industry offals have discharged into the environment without being treated which caused great pollution to the natural environment.This has attracted more and more attention from all walks of life in the society.Many scholars have studied systematically and deeply the ecological effect of the heavy metal and global chemical recycle.This paper takes heavy metal lead as an example and makes a survey about ecological effect and global chemical recycle of lead in recent years.Meanwhile,it offers beneficial reference for people who will probe into lead pollution issues further.
Airborne Remote Sensing of Coastal Features and Processes: An Overview

ABSTRACT Klemas, V. , 2013. Airborne remote sensing of coastal features and processes: an overview. Coastal ecosystems tend to be spatially complex and exhibit high temporal variability. Observing them requires the ability to monitor their biophysical features and controlling processes at high spatial and temporal resolutions, which can be provided by airborne remote sensors. High-resolution satellite data are now also available, yet the finer resolution and frequent, flexible overflights offered by airborne sensors can be more effective in a range of coastal research and management applications, such as wetlands mapping, coastal bathymetry, and tracking coastal plumes, salinity gradients, tidal fronts, and oil slicks. The airborne imagery is also useful for the interpretation of satellite data. This article reviews estuarine and coastal remote sensing applications that require the high spatial and temporal resolutions provided by airborne sensors.
Loop Current Eddy Paths in the Western Gulf of Mexico

Abstract The paths of anticyclonic Loop Current eddies in the western Gulf of Mexico have been investigated using ARGOS-tracked drifters accompanied by hydrographic surveys. The analysis used orbit parameters derived from a least square fit of a translating ellipse kinematic model and showed that paths from four quite different eddies had a number of similar features. They are a general increase in rotational period over time, clockwise rotation of ellipse axes that slows with time and often becomes stationary in the far western Gulf, swirl velocities that decay quite slowly, and a tendency of the eddies to have low divergence. In three cases, 20- to 30-day oscillations of the orbit parameters were observed. Translation velocities of the orbits showed the characteristic stalls and sprints that have been previously observed. In two cases, stalls and deviations from solid body rotation could be attributed to the presence of vigorous lower continental slope cyclones situated to the northwest of the eddies in.
Household versus individual approaches to eradication of community-associated Staphylococcus aureus in children: a randomized trial.

BACKGROUND Community-associated Staphylococcus aureus infections often affect multiple members of a household. We compared 2 approaches to S. aureus eradication: decolonizing the entire household versus decolonizing the index case alone. METHODS An open-label, randomized trial enrolled 183 pediatric patients (cases) with community-onset S. aureus skin abscesses and colonization of anterior nares, axillae, or inguinal folds from 2008 to 2009 at primary and tertiary centers. Participants were randomized to decolonization of the case alone (index group) or of all household members (household group). The 5-day regimen included hygiene education, twice-daily intranasal mupirocin, and daily chlorhexidine body washes. Colonization of cases and subsequent skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) in cases and household contacts were ascertained at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. RESULTS Among 147 cases with 1-month colonization data, modified intention-to-treat analysis revealed S. aureus eradication in 50% of cases in the index group and 51% in the household group (P = 1.00). Among 126 cases completing 12-month follow-up, S. aureus was eradicated from 54% of the index group versus 66% of the household group (P = .28). Over 12 months, recurrent SSTI was reported in 72% of cases in the index group and 52% in the household group (P = .02). SSTI incidence in household contacts was significantly lower in the household versus index group during the first 6 months; this trend continued at 12 months. CONCLUSIONS Household decolonization was not more effective than individual decolonization in eradicating community-associated S. aureus carriage from cases. However, household decolonization reduced the incidence of subsequent SSTI in cases and their household contacts. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT00731783.
Unusual Blooms of Green Noctiluca miliaris (Dinophyceae) in the Arabian Sea During the Winter Monsoon

A large-scale, ongoing study conducted by the National Institute of Oceanography, India, from 2003 onward in support of India's ocean color program, has documented for the first time ever the appearance of extensive blooms of Noctiluca miliaris Suriray in late winter and early spring for several consecutive years. Until the late 1990s, N. miliaris Suriray (synonym Noctiluca scintillans Macartney), a large dinoflagellate, was a minor component of phytoplankton populations in the Arabian Sea, appearing sporadically in bloom form in coastal regions during the summer southwest monsoon (June―September). Recently, N. miliaris blooms have begun to appear with increased frequency and intensity following the winter northeast monsoon (November―mid-February). These findings contradict established notions of the predominance of diatoms in winter blooms based on large-scale studies such as the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) in the early 1990s and the International Indian Ocean Expeditions (IIOEs) of 1959―1965. A field program in the Gulf of Oman since February 2003 has also documented the appearance of blooms of N. miliaris blooms with increased intensity in early winter. The present study investigates the temporal evolution and spatial extent of the N miliaris blooms using phytoplankton taxonomic and pigment data from cruises undertaken in 2003― 2004 and 2007 as well as ocean color satellite data. Our findings indicate that N. miliaris blooms are becoming an annual and widespread feature in the Arabian Sea. Aqua-Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sea surface temperature and altimetry data suggest that mesoscale eddies that populate the western Arabian Sea may play a significant role in the production and dispersal of these blooms from the Gulf of Oman into the northern Arabian Sea.
TEN YEARS OF EXPLORATION AND OVER 100 KM OF CAVES SURVEYED IN NORTHERN LAOS

The karst areas of northern Laos have been systematically investigated by the “Northern Lao-European Cave Project” since 2002. Annual cave expeditions were conducted in eight regions of five different provinces. These regions host a variety of karst landscapes ranging from highly karstified areas to tower karst and high altitude limestone plateaus. Major river caves of several km lengths were found including the Tham Chom Ong System in Oudomxay province. With a length of 17,150 m it is currently the 3rd longest cave of Laos and 10th longest in Southeast Asia. The total length of surveyed passage reached in 2012 was over 103 km with a total of 254 caves. The cooperation with authorities, villages and international development projects proved to be very useful and is one of the main reasons for a variety of research results in cave documentation, ecotourism development, paleoclimate studies and biospeleology.
On the Method of Evolutionary Psychology and Its Applicability to Consumer Research

There is a growing interest among marketing scholars to examine the evolutionary bases of a wide range of consumer phenomena. While specific evolutionary hypotheses are typically tested using tools familiar to marketing researchers (e.g., experiments, surveys), the method of evolutionary psychology is rooted in its unique epistemology (the manner in which knowledge is generated and organized), which comprises three elements: (1) the distinction between proximate and ultimate explanations, (2) the building of nomolological networks of cumulative evidence (triangulation of convergent lines of evidence), and (3) an organizing tree of knowledge. The purpose of this article is to describe this process using marketing-relevant examples as a means of providing a framework of best practices to marketing scholars aiming to incorporate the evolutionary lens within their research programs.
Innovative web-based multimedia curriculum improves cardiac examination competency of residents.

BACKGROUND Proper diagnosis of cardiac disorders is a core competency of internists. Yet numerous studies have documented that the cardiac examination (CE) skills of physicians have declined compared with those of previous generations of physicians, attributed variously to inadequate exposure to cardiac patients and lack of skilled bedside teaching. With growing concerns about ensuring patient safety and quality of care, public and professional organizations are calling for a renewed emphasis on the teaching and evaluation of clinical skills in residency training. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to determine whether Web training improves CE competency, whether residents retain what they learn, and whether a Web-based curriculum plus clinical training is better than clinical training alone. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2008;3:124-133. (c) 2008 Society of Hospital Medicine. DESIGN This was a controlled intervention study. PARTICIPANTS The intervention group (34 internal and family medicine interns) participated in self-directed use of a Web-based tutorial and three 1-hour teaching sessions taught by a hospitalist. Twenty-five interns from the prior year served as controls. MEASUREMENTS We assessed overall CE competency and 4 subcategories of CE competency: knowledge, audio skills, visual skills, and audio-visual integration. RESULTS The over mean score of the intervention group significantly improved, from 54 to 66 (P = .002). This improvement was retained (63.5, P = .05). When compared with end-of-year controls, the intervention group had significantly higher end-of-year CE scores (57 vs. 63.5, P = .05), knowledge (P = .04), and audio skills (P = .01). At the end of the academic year, all improvements were retained (P <or= .04) except visual skills (P = .75). CONCLUSIONS A Web-based interactive educational program with minimal hospitalist involvement led to significant improvement in CE competence and was better than clinical training alone.
A Novel Multiscale Gaussian-Matched Filter Using Neural Networks for the Segmentation of X-Ray Coronary Angiograms

The accurate and efficient segmentation of coronary arteries in X-ray angiograms represents an essential task for computer-aided diagnosis. This paper presents a new multiscale Gaussian-matched filter (MGMF) based on artificial neural networks. The proposed method consists of two different stages. In the first stage, MGMF is used for detecting vessel-like structures while reducing image noise. The results of MGMF are compared with those obtained using six GMF-based detection methods in terms of the area (Az) under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. In the second stage, ten thresholding methods of the state of the art are compared in order to classify the magnitude of the multiscale Gaussian response into vessel and nonvessel pixels, respectively. The accuracy measure is used to analyze the segmentation methods, by comparing the results with a set of 100 X-ray coronary angiograms, which were outlined by a specialist to form the ground truth. Finally, the proposed method is compared with seven state-of-the-art vessel segmentation methods. The vessel detection results using the proposed MGMF method achieved an Az = 0.9357 with a training set of 50 angiograms and Az = 0.9362 with the test set of 50 images. In addition, the segmentation results using the intraclass variance thresholding method provided a segmentation accuracy of 0.9568 with the test set of coronary angiograms.