Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Random partitions of a set with given number of blocks

We consider the class of all partitions of a set of n elements into N blocks. Provided that the uniform distribution is given on this class and n, N → ∞, we describe the asymptotic behaviour of the mathematical expectation and variance and prove Poisson and local normal limit theorems for the random variable equal to the number of blocks of a given size in a partition chosen at random. We find asymptotic expansions of the number of partitions of a set of n elements into N blocks with exactly k = k(n, N) blocks of a given size.
Otosyphilis

Abstract Otosyphilis can be challenging to diagnose, but, if left unrecognized, it may cause irreversible damage. An immunologic interplay between syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) makes coinfection likely and may predispose people with HIV to neurosyphilis. In this study, we present a case of a man in his 50s with hearing loss and vertigo diagnosed with otosyphilis as well as a new diagnosis of HIV. This case and corresponding discussion serve to inform the noninfectious disease-trained clinician of the symptoms, diagnostics, and treatment options for otosyphilis as well as to discuss the relationship between HIV and syphilis and demonstrate the importance of disease recognition.
Endothelial dysfunction: developmental mechanisms and therapeutic strategies

Introduction: Every year the importance of the normal functioning of the endothelial layer of the vascular wall in maintaining the health of the body becomes more and more obvious. The physiological role of the endothelium: The endothelium is a metabolically active organ actively involved in the regulation of hemostasis, modulation of inflammation, maintenance of hemovascular homeostasis, regulation of angio - genesis, vascular tone, and permeability. Risk factors for the development of endothelial dysfunction: Currently, insufficient bioavailability of nitric oxide is considered the most significant risk factor for endothelial dysfunction. Mechanisms of development of endothelial dysfunction: The genesis of endothelial dysfunction is a multifactorial process. Among various complex mechanisms, this review examines oxidative stress, inflammation, hyperglycemia, vitamin D deficiency, dyslipidemia, excess visceral fat, hyperhomocysteinemia, hyperuricemia, as well as primary genetic defect of endotheliocytes, as the most common causes in the population underlying the development of endothelial dysfunction. Markers of endothelial dysfunction in various diseases: This article discusses the main biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction currently used, as well as promising biomarkers in the future for laboratory diagnosis of this pathology. Therapeutic strategies: Therapeutic approaches to the endothelium in order to prevent or reduce a degree of damage to the vascular wall are briefly described. Conclusion: Endothelial dysfunction is a typical pathological process involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Thus, pharmacological agents with endothelioprotective properties can provide more therapeutic benefits than a drug without such an effect.
CLUSTERING TECHNIQUES TO INVESTIGATE ENGAGEMENT AND PERFORMANCE IN ONLINE MATHEMATICS COURSES

Among the various kinds of learning analytics emerging especially in the latest decade, clicking patterns cover a prominent role, fostered by their success in analyzing several types of data concerning activity on the web. They can be defined as sets of clicks performed by users, in which every set is treated as the basic unit. Few research has been performed on clicking patterns in educational contexts. In this paper, we perform analysis regarding clicks to an online course in Mathematics, aimed at allowing students to follow courses at a distance, both before and after enrolling at University. We used clustering techniques on students learning behavior, which have been defined for this research as visualizations of activities and resources of the course, to detect differences on students’ grade according to their online learning behavior. Our results show that students tend to proceed on the course in both activities and resources. There is no correlation between participation and course grades, even if the most active students show higher scores. Moreover, patterns differ significantly according to the degree program of each student, showing the importance of tailored path.
Self‐sustained plasma turbulence due to current diffusion

Plasma turbulence and anomalous transport by the electrostatic current diffusive interchange mode are studied by the nonlinear simulation based on the magnetohydrodynamic model. The turbulence is found to have a typical characteristic of subcritical turbulence. The saturation level, as a function of the pressure gradient ∇p, is confirmed to scale like ‖∇p‖3/2. This nature holds independent of the ratio ‖∇p‖/‖∇pc‖ where ‖∇pc‖, is a critical pressure gradient against linear instability. The turbulence‐driven transport is also evaluated. The simulation result confirms the theoretical prediction, which is based on the self‐sustained turbulence, with respect to the nonlinear growth and damping. Both the normal cascade and inverse cascade are essential in establishing the stationary turbulent state.Plasma turbulence and anomalous transport by the electrostatic current diffusive interchange mode are studied by the nonlinear simulation based on the magnetohydrodynamic model. The turbulence is found to have a typical characteristic of subcritical turbulence. The saturation level, as a function of the pressure gradient ∇p, is confirmed to scale like ‖∇p‖3/2. This nature holds independent of the ratio ‖∇p‖/‖∇pc‖ where ‖∇pc‖, is a critical pressure gradient against linear instability. The turbulence‐driven transport is also evaluated. The simulation result confirms the theoretical prediction, which is based on the self‐sustained turbulence, with respect to the nonlinear growth and damping. Both the normal cascade and inverse cascade are essential in establishing the stationary turbulent state.
Studying occupant’s heat exposure and thermal comfort in the kitchen through full-scale experiments and CFD simulations

This study investigated kitchen heat exposure and thermal comfort through full-scale experiments and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Experiments were conducted in a kitchen-style climate chamber with three stove conditions, three exhaust flowrates of range hood, three external conditions and three makeup air sources. CFD simulations were conducted accordingly to explore more nuances aspects of kitchen thermal environment. The experimental results showed that as the existence of a high-temperature stove, the air temperatures around the cooking staff, the net thermal radiations and local skin temperatures at exposed body parts increased significantly during the cooking period. External conditions and the makeup air source can significantly affect thermal distributions across the kitchen space and the heat exposures around the cooking staff. By adding partitions, using induction cooktops, and turning on the kitchen air conditioner can help to reduce cooking staff’s heat exposure from the gas-burning stove. The CFD simulations were consistent with the measured experimental results. The heat exposure in the cooking zone is shown to be dominated by horizontal thermal asymmetry. The occupants’ thermal comfort in the kitchen can be improved if the makeup air source came from the cooler side with a higher flowrate of range hood.
Feminist and gender research in Norwegian farming and forestry (landbruk) contexts: Past and future directions

ABSTRACT Much feminist rural geography to date has centred on understanding gender issues in rural space. Norwegian scholars have been leading the way in identifying new themes and approaches to examining the positions of women and men on farms and in farming communities, which has contributed to important contextual knowledge of gender relations on Norwegian farms, as well as conceptual understandings of farming lives more broadly. The article has the same objective. The authors review the extensive body of literature and identify themes, trajectories, approaches, and concepts used since the 1990s. They find that there were three main periods: 1990s to 1997, with early work that sought to describe gender roles; 1994–2005, when constructivist approaches were used; and the mid-2000s onwards, when researchers ‘branched out’ to study more specific themes. To encourage a widening of feminist perspectives in Norwegian farming and forestry, the authors suggest taking up (1) an intersectional approach in attending to gender, sexuality, class, ethnicity, and ability, (2) a decolonial approach, and (3) a focus on the ‘green transition’. They conclude that, together, these could help to address pressing issues relating to equity, sustainability, and the future of agriculture and forestry in Norwegian contexts.
Electroanalysis of Ibuprofen and Its Interaction with Bovine Serum Albumin

The current work presents a sensitive, selective, cost-effective, and environmentally benign protocol for the detection of ibuprofen (IBP) by an electrochemical probe made of a glassy carbon electrode modified with Ag-ZnO and MWCNTs. Under optimized conditions, the designed sensing platform was found to sense IBP up to a 28 nM limit of detection. The interaction of IBP with bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated by differential pulse voltammetry. IBP−BSA binding parameters such as the binding constant and the stoichiometry of complexation were calculated. The results revealed that IBP and BSA form a single strong complex with a binding constant value of 8.7 × 1013. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example that reports not only IBP detection but also its BSA complexation.
Tidal Flushing Rather Than Non-Point Source Nitrogen Pollution Drives Nutrient Dynamics in A Putatively Eutrophic Estuary

The effects of nonpoint source nutrients on estuaries can be difficult to pinpoint, with researchers often using indicator species, monitoring, and models to detect influence and change. Here, we made stable isotope measurements of nitrogen and carbon in sediment, water column particulates, primary producers, and consumers at 35 stations in the reportedly eutrophic Barnegat Bay (New Jersey) to assess N sources and processing pathways. Combined with water quality and hydrological data, our C and N isoscapes revealed four distinct geographic zones with diverging isotopic baselines, indicating variable nutrient sources and processing pathways. Overall, the carbon stable isotopes δ13C) reflected the terrestrial-marine gradient with the most depleted values in the urban and poorly flushed north of the estuary to the most enriched values in the salt marsh-dominated south. In contrast, the nitrogen stable isotope values δ15N) were most enriched near the oceanic inlets and were consistent with offshore δ15N values in particulate organic matter. Several biogeochemical processes likely alter δ15N, but the relatively lower δ15N values associated with the most urbanized area indicate that anthropogenic runoff is not a dominant N source to this area. Our findings stand in contrast to previous studies of similar estuaries, as δ15N signatures of biota in this system are inversely correlated to population density and nutrient concentrations. Further, our analyses of archival plant (Spartina sp., Phragmites australis) and shell (Geukensia demissa, Ilyanassa obsoleta) samples collected between 1880 and 2020 indicated that δ15N values have decreased over time, particularly in the consumers. Overall, we find that water quality issues appear to be most acute in the poorly flushed parts of Barnegat Bay and emphasize the important role that oceanic exchange plays in water quality and associated estuarine food webs in the lagoon.
Large Variations in the Winds of Single Cool Giants: λ Velorum and γ Crucis

UV spectra of the "noncoronal" single K supergiant λ Vel and of the single M giant γ Cru obtained with IUE and the Hubble Space Telescope at various epochs indicate that the profiles of many lines formed in the wind exhibit striking alterations in shape with time. We parameterize the wind profiles in terms of an empirical optical depth τemp by reflecting the red wing about line center and comparing the reflected intensity with that of the blue wing. In the λ Vel wind the terminal velocity v∞ was found to be close to 40 km s-1 in 1978, 1982, and 1994, but was at least 20 km s-1 greater in 1990. The faster wind in 1990 also had a total optical depth that was a factor of 2-6 times greater than at the other epochs.
Receding Horizon ₂-FIR Filtering for Uncertain Disturbed Systems With Initial and Data Errors

Receding horizon (RH) finite impulse response (FIR) filters (observers) are used in model predictive and state feedback control. For such applications, we develop a robust RH <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> suboptimal FIR (RH <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-FIR) filter under the conditions when an uncertain system is also disturbed, and the initial and data errors are not necessarily Gaussian. The RH <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-FIR filter is obtained by minimizing the squared Frobenius norm of the weighted error-to-error transfer function, where the weights are related to the errors. The filter developed is tested by a quasi periodic disturbed process with an uncertain system matrix. Based on numerical examples and experimental data, it is shown that the RH <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-FIR filter outperforms the optimal FIR, Kalman, maximum likelihood FIR, and unbiased FIR (UFIR) filters. It is also almost as robust as the UFIR filter. Note to Practitioners—Monitoring and control of modern automation systems require accurate discrete-time algorithms. The standard techniques such as Kalman filter are applicable under ideal conditions and have poor performance otherwise. The discrete convolution-based batch FIR filters are more accurate and robust. Under industrial uncertainties, disturbances, initial errors, and data errors, FIR filters are able to extract features of dynamic processes with high accuracy. They can also be combined with convolutional neural networks.
Multi-energy conversion of Gd5 (Si2Ge2)-poly (vinylidene fluoride), a hybrid material

A class of multiphase composites is reported here. These composites consist of magnetocaloric Gd5Si2Ge2 (GSG) particles embedded in a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) matrix. Under an external magnetic field, those materials were found to generate an electrical voltage up to 0.11 V, equivalent to the power density of 14.3 mW/cm3 Oe when the concentration of Gd5Si2Ge2 was at 4 wt. %. This was due to the magnet-induced strain in Gd5Si2Ge2 leading to the voltage generation in the piezoelectric polymer. The power density of the hybrid system has proven to be significantly higher than each single phase alone. When tested individually PVDF has a power density of 3.25 mW/cm3 Oe and Gd5Si2Ge2 has 0 power output. The coupling of magnetic and piezoelectric effects enables multi-energy conversion that is unique for device design and clean energy harvesting.
Advanced Hemodynamic Monitoring Allows Recognition of Early Response Patterns to Diuresis in Congestive Heart Failure Patients

There are no clear guidelines for diuretic administration in heart failure (HF), and reliable markers are needed to tailor treatment. Continuous monitoring of multiple advanced physiological parameters during diuresis may allow better differentiation of patients into subgroups according to their responses. In this study, 29 HF patients were monitored during outpatient intravenous diuresis, using a noninvasive wearable multi-parameter monitor. Analysis of changes in these parameters during the course of diuresis aimed to recognize subgroups with different response patterns. Parameters did not change significantly, however, subgroup analysis of the last quartile of treatment showed significant differences in cardiac output, cardiac index, stroke volume, pulse rate, and systemic vascular resistance according to gender, and in systolic blood pressure according to habitus. Changes in the last quartile could be differentiated using k-means, a technique of unsupervised machine learning. Moreover, patients’ responses could be best clustered into four groups. Analysis of baseline parameters showed that two of the clusters differed by baseline parameters, body mass index, and diabetes status. To conclude, we show that physiological changes during diuresis in HF patients can be categorized into subgroups sharing similar response trends, making noninvasive monitoring a potential key to personalized treatment in HF.
Perilaku Informasi Tradisi “Mangaji Ka Surau” Masyarakat Minangkabau

This study investigates how contextual factors such as culture, geographical location and religious status can encourage, determine or prevent information seeking behavior in the tradition of mangaji ka surau at Balai Panjang Jorong Tigo Kampuang, Kenagarian Gaduik, Kec. Kamang tilapia. This research uses descriptive qualitative data collection method with interview method as a data collection tool. The findings show that geographic location, culture, and religious status can influence information seeking behavior. This article contributes to research on information retrieval in context. The findings can help in understanding the effects of several contextual factors, especially religious status, on information seeking behavior so as to support the implementation of a sustainable local knowledge preservation process. Penelitian ini bertujuan menjelskan bagaimana perilaku pencarian informasi berdasarkan aspek kontekstual seperti budaya, lokasi geografis dan status agama dapat mendorong, menentukan atau mencegah perilaku pencarian informasi dalam tradisi mangaji ka surau di Balai Panjang Jorong Tigo Kampuang, Kenagarian Gaduik, Kec. Tilatang Kamang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengumpulan data kualitatif deskriptif dengan metode wawancara dan observasi sebagai alat pengumpul data, teknik analisis data yang digunakan terdiri dari data collection, data reduction, data display dan conclusion. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa lokasi geografis, budaya, dan status agama menjadi bagian dari perilaku pencarian informasi. Hasil temuan dapat membantu dalam memahami efek dari beberapa faktor kontekstual, terutama status agama, pada perilaku pencarian informasi sehingga dapat mendukung terlaksananya proses preservasi pengetahuan lokal berkelanjutan. Artikel ini memberikan kontribusi untuk penelitian tentang pencarian informasi dalam konteks.
Fodder radish aqueous extracts and associated rhizobacteria as bio-stimulants on tomato growth

ABSTRACT Use of bio-stimulants can reduce amounts of synthetic chemicals for improving tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) growth and production. The investigation evaluated the rhizobacterial isolates B45, B46, B48, B54 and B55 associated with fodder radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and its aqueous extracts for their ability to promote growth of tomato plants under greenhouse conditions. Rhizobacteria were applied by root dipping followed by seedling drenching at planting. The isolates were characterized, based on macro-morphological and biochemical traits, and mechanisms involved in Plant Growth-Promoting (PGP) features were explored. For direct PGP traits, isolates were able to fix nitrogen on N-free agar medium. Isolates B45, B46, B54 and B55 were positive for indole-3-acetic acid production; isolates B46, B48 and B55 were positive for phosphate solubilization with the highest activity exhibited by B46. For indirect PGP traits, isolates were chitinase-, lipase-, and amylase-producing agents. Based on phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rDNA, the most bioactive isolate B46 was affiliated to Bacillus vallismortis (OK083726). All isolates displayed antifungal activity against soil-borne fungi Aspergillus niger, Penicillium digitatum, Fusarium oxysporum, F.sambucinum, and Trichoderma harzianum. Fodder radish aqueous extracts were tested at 5, 7.5, 10 or 15% (w:v). Chemical characterization by spectrophotometer of compounds indicated presence of auxin and polyphenols. Fodder radish aqueous extract displayed antifungal activity against all fungal species. Fodder radish appears to be a natural source for isolation of potent PGP rhizobacterial isolates and/or secondary metabolites bioactive for promotion of tomato growth and with an antifungal potential.
IDENTIFYING AND CHARACTERIZING CONCEPTS IN UNSTRUCTURED TEXTS USING AUTOMATIC ANNOTATION

Text annotation is an important and useful activity in semantic text analysis processes. The introduction of notes and marks in texts is one of the most common ways of valuing the content and revealing the semantics of a text, allowing its readers to have a more concrete idea of what is expressed in it. For a long time, text annotation processes were done manually often carried out in an ad hoc manner, without using a concrete method. It was a very time-consuming and labor-intensive process of different natures. Today, the great development of natural language processing, machine learning and mining text, promoted a strong emergence of applications in several domains. Text annotation was no exception. Through the combination of natural language processing and machine learning mechanisms, it is possible to develop systems that analyze texts, written in natural language, identifying words, creating contexts, and discovering and maintaining tags, their relationships and annotations, in an automatic way. In this paper, we present an automatic annotation system conceived and developed specifically for tagging the texts of the Book of Properties, a codex containing the inventory of the Archbishop's Table of Braga’s properties (Portugal) in the 17th century. In addition to a general characterization of the system, we also describe the various stages of its annotation process with references taken from the Book of Properties.
«Jeg har ikke trykt!» Ytringer om teknologi ved lesing av digitale bildebøker i barnehagen

I denne artikkelen utforskes barnehagebarns og barnehagelæreres ytringer om teknologi i samtalebasert gruppelesing av digitale bildebøker på nettbrett i norske barnehager. Flere tidligere studier om lesing på nettbrett har undersøkt antall ytringer, mens få studier har utforsket innholdet i ytringene om det teknologiske. Barndomsstudier der turtaking og sosial deltakelse er vektlagt har inspirert våre analyser. Empirien består av fire filmopptak av samtalebasert gruppelesing med digitale bildebøker, som er analysert ved bruk av induktiv kvalitativ innholdsanalyse. Funnene viser at innholdet i barnas ytringer om det teknologiske hovedsakelig dreier seg om turtaking og tilgang, mens barnehagelærerne beskriver hva som skjer i fortellingen og om muligheter med teknologien. På tvers av disse resultatene trer det frem to tematikker som blir diskutert: jakten på hotspots og turtaking.