Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Operational method for solving multi-term fractional differential equations with the generalized fractional derivatives

This paper provides results on the existence and representation of solution to an initial value problem for the general multi-term linear fractional differential equation with generalized Riemann-Liouville fractional derivatives and constant coefficients by using operational calculus of Mikusinski’s type. We prove that the initial value problem has the solution if and only if some initial values are zero.
In vivo multiphoton fluorescence microscopy of epithelial precancer

Most human cancers arise from epithelium, the superficial layer covering the exterior of body or lining the internal body cavities. Endogenous fluorophores such as aromatic amino acids, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), flavoprotein (FAD), keratin, collagen, and elastin can provide abundant information to reveal the changes in biochemistry, metabolism, and morphology of living tissues. Thus, autofluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy have been recognized as potential tools for discrimination of cancer from normal tissues. However, current fluorescence diagnostic studies mostly rely on spectral analysis or morphological differentiation. It is challenged since the emission spectra of endogenous fluorophores are broad and usually overlapping with each other and the fluorescence intensity could be affected by many factors. In this study, we instrumented a nonlinear optical microscopy system to characterize the morphologic and biochemical features in the epithelial precancer in vivo. The 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracenetreated hamster cheek pouch were used as a living animal carcinogenesis model. And the autofluorescence signals of NADH, collagen and elastin were recorded by a time- and spectral- resolved detection system. The results show that there are obvious differences in the morphology of three-dimensional autofluorescence images between normal and precancerous epithelial tissues. The fluorescence lifetime of NADH and the SHG signal from collagen could provide additional approaches to identify cancer from normal tissue.
Exosomes: Mediators of cellular communication in potentially malignant oral lesions and head and neck cancers

Exosomes are a unique type of extracellular vesicles that contain a plethora of biological cargo such as miRNA, mRNA, long non-coding RNA, DNA, proteins and lipids. Exosomes serve as very effective means of intercellular communication. Due the presence of a lipid bilayer membrane, exosomes are resistant to degradation and are highly stable. This makes them easily identifiable in blood and other bodily fluids such as saliva. The exosomes that are secreted from a parent cell directly release their contents into the cytoplasm of a recipient cell and influence their cellular activity and function. Exosomes can also transfer their content between cancer cells and normal cells and regulate the tumor microenvironment. Exosomes play a vital role in tumor growth, tumor invasion and metastasis. Exosomes provide a multitude of molecular and genetic information and have become valuable indicators of disease activity at the cellular level. This review explores the molecular characteristics of exosomes and the role that exosomes play in the tumorigenesis pathway of potentially malignant oral lesions and head and neck cancers The application of exosomes in the treatment of oral cancers is also envisioned. Exosomes are very small and can easily pass through various biological barriers, making them very good delivery vectors for therapeutic drugs as well as to selectively induce DNA’s mRNA and miRNAs into targeted cancer cells.
Development of a Positive Psychology Well-Being Intervention in a Community Pharmacy Setting

Background: Community pharmacies are well-placed to deliver well-being interventions; however, to date, nothing has been produced specifically for this setting. The aim of this study was to develop a positive psychology intervention suitable for a community pharmacy setting with the goal of increasing the well-being of community members. Methods: Intervention development consisted of three steps: Step 1—identify the evidence-base and well-being model to underpin the basis of the intervention (Version 1); Step 2—model the intervention and gather user feedback to produce Version 2, and Step 3—revisit the evidence-base and refine the intervention to produce Version 3. Results: Findings from nine studies (seven RCTs, one cross-sectional, one N-1 design plus user feedback were applied to model a 6-week ‘Prescribing Happiness (P-Hap)’ intervention, underpinned by the PERMA model plus four other components from the positive psychology literature (Three Good Things, Utilising Your Signature Strengths in New Ways, Best Possible Selves and Character Strengths). A PERMA-based diary was designed to be completed 3 days a week as part of the intervention. Conclusions: This work is an important development which will direct the future implementation of interventions to support well-being in this novel setting. The next stage is to gain the perspectives of external stakeholders on the feasibility of delivering the P-Hap for its adoption into community pharmacy services in the future.
Coherence theory of noise in ultrashort-pulse trains

We study the influence of noise in ultrashort-pulse trains in terms of the concepts of optical coherence theory. Specifically, we consider the effects of temporal partial coherence and the timing jitter, including their possible statistical dependence. Analytical expressions for the optical power spectrum, average intensity, mutual coherence function, and the cross-spectral density function of different partially coherent pulse trains affected by stationary noise are given. We show that the new frequencies appearing due to the presence of noise are always fully uncorrelated, unless they are separated by an integral multiple of the repetition rate of the pulses in the train. We also find that spikes appear in the optical power spectrum when the noise and timing jitter are correlated.
Identification and Analysis of Potential Immune-Related Biomarkers in Endometriosis

Background Endometriosis is an inflammatory gynecological disease leading to deep pelvic pain, dyspareunia, and infertility. The pathophysiology of endometriosis is complex and depends on a variety of biological processes and pathways. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify reliable biomarkers for early detection and accurate diagnosis to predict clinical outcomes and aid in the early intervention of endometriosis. We screened transcription factor- (TF-) immune-related gene (IRG) regulatory networks as potential biomarkers to reveal new molecular subgroups for the early diagnosis of endometriosis. Methods To explore potential therapeutic targets for endometriosis, the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), Immunology Database and Analysis Portal (ImmPort), and TF databases were used to obtain data related to the recognition of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), differentially expressed IRGs (DEIRGs), and differentially expressed TFs (DETFs). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed on the DETFs and DEIRGs. Then, DETFs and DEIRGs were further validated in the external datasets of GSE51981 and GSE1230103. Then, we used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to verify the hub genes. Simultaneously, the Pearson correlation analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analyses were used to indicate the potential mechanisms of TF-IRGs at the molecular level and obtain hub IRGs. Finally, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to assess the diagnostic value of the hub IRGs. Results We screened a total of 94 DETFs and 121 DEIRGs in endometriosis. Most downregulated DETFs showed decreased expression in the endometria of moderate/severe endometriosis patients. The top-ranked upregulated DEIRGs were upregulated in the endometra of infertile women. Functional analysis showed that DETFs and DEIRGs may be involved in the biological behaviors and pathways of endometriosis. The TF-IRG PPI network was successfully constructed. Compared with the control group, high C3, VCAM1, ITGB2, and C3AR1 expression had statistical significance in endometriosis among the hub DEIRGs. They also showed higher sensitivity and specificity by ROC analysis for the diagnosis of endometriosis. Finally, compared with controls, C3 and VCAM1 were highly expressed in endometriosis tissue samples. In addition, they also showed high specificity and sensitivity for diagnosing endometriosis. Conclusion Overall, we discovered the TF-IRG regulatory network and analyzed 4 hub IRGs that were closely related to endometriosis, which contributes to the diagnosis of endometriosis. Additionally, we verified that DETFs or DEIRGs were associated with the clinicopathological features of endometriosis, and external datasets also confirmed the hub IRGs. Finally, C3 and VCAM1 were highly expressed in endometriosis tissue samples compared with controls and may be potential biomarkers of endometriosis, which are helpful for the early diagnosis of endometriosis.
Interstellar Medium Abundances in the Pegasus Dwarf Irregular Galaxy

We report Hα imaging and optical spectrophotometry of a faint H II region in the Pegasus dwarf irregular galaxy, a low-luminosity, possible Local Group member. We find that the emission-line spectrum is consistent with excitation by a single star with a temperature of less than 35,000 K, in agreement with Aparicio & Gallart (1995). Although we cannot measure the electron temperature of the ionized gas directly, we can infer a narrow range in electron temperature by comparing the emission-line spectrum with photoionization models. Then we derive a relatively low oxygen abundance of approximately 10% of the solar value, in accordance with the well-known metallicity-luminosity relationship for dwarf irregular galaxies. We also find an N/O ratio of 6%, which is higher than the typical value of 3% found in more actively star-forming dwarf irregular galaxies. By comparing this high N/O ratio with the recent star formation history of the Pegasus dwarf irregular derived by Aparicio & Gallart, we hypothesize that this may be evidence of delayed N production.
Laser deposition of large-area thin films

A new method for fabricating large-area thin films of uniform thickness on a rotating substrate is proposed. Its distinctive features are (i) the presence of a diaphragm, partially transmitting the evaporated material, between the target and substrate and (ii) the translatory motion of the rotating substrate with respect to the target at a certain velocity. The method proposed makes it possible to obtain thin films of uniform thickness on substrates with sizes limited by only the deposition chamber size. The method is experimentally verified by depositing thin CuO films on silicon substrates placed over the radius of a disk 300 mm in diameter. The deviation of the film thickness from the average value does not exceed ±3% throughout the entire radius, which confirms good prospects of this method for microelectronics, optical industry, and other modern technologies.
Sharp boundaries of small‐ and middle‐scale solar wind structures

[1] This work reviews the characteristics of sharp (less than 10 min) and large (>0.5 × 108 cm−2 s−1) solar wind ion flux changes which are not due to shocks. These changes are boundaries of small- and middle-scale solar wind plasma structures. We present examples and statistical results from simultaneous plasma and magnetic field measurements by Interball-1 and Wind from 1996 to 1999. The behavior of the solar wind bulk velocity, temperature, and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) during these changes is described. We show that in many cases pressure balance is not maintained across these structures and discuss possible implications. In 50% of the events the sharp boundaries are pressure balanced structures; these events are probably tangential discontinuities. We use multipoint measurements of the sharp discontinuities to determine the orientation of the plasma fronts; many fronts are at large angles to the solar wind flow direction. We show that these events can be geoeffective and produce sharp changes in the magnetic field at geosynchronous orbit and on the ground.
An algorithm for the maximum internally stable set in a weighted graph

The problem of determining a maximum internally stable set in a weighted undirected graph belongs to the class of computationally intractable problems known as NP-hard. Furthermore it has a variety of many interesting applications. In this paper we develop a recursive backtracking algorithm to find a maximum internally stable set of a weighted undirected graph. Computational experience on more than 1500 randomly generated graphs ranging from 100 to 250 vertices and from 15% to 80%, densities has shown that the proposed algorithm is very effective.
A comparative study of S/N0 and E/N0

Masked thresholds were obtained for ten frequencies between 125 and 8000 Hz at three different noise levels on five subjects. Threshold procedure was 4IFC, in which duration of the tone was 300 msec. Values of both S/N0 and E/N0 (where S is power of tone at MT, E is energy of tone at MT, and N0 is spectrum level of the noise) were calculated from this set of data. The results of the present study were compared to those of Hawkins and Stevens (1950) and those of Green, McKey, and Licklider (1959). The problem of converting a signal‐to‐noise ratio measurement into an indirect estimate of critical bandwidth is discussed.
Phenotypic Characterization and Prevalence of Carbapenemase-Producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates in Six Health Facilities in Cameroon

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen with a great ability to adapt to stress, in particular, to the selective pressure of antibiotics in the hospital environment. This pathogen constitutes a real public health concern, especially in low- and middle-income countries. In Cameroon, little is known about the drug resistance patterns of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study sought to determine the prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains producing carbapenemases in six health facilities in the center, littoral, and west regions of Cameroon. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted over a four-month period from July to October 2021. All Pseudomonas aeruginosa or suspected strains isolated from pathological products at the bacteriology laboratory of different health facilities were systematically collected and underwent a re-identification. After growing on cetrimide agar and successfully subculturing on nutrient agar, an oxidase test was performed on pure colonies, followed by biochemical identification (API 20NE system) of the bacterial suspension (0.5McFarland standard). Drug susceptibility testing for the detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases of overproduced inducible cephalosporinases and carbapenemases was performed according to adequate standard procedures. Of the 468 isolates collected, 347 (74.14%) were confirmed Pseudomonas aeruginosa after re-identification, of which 34.49% (120/347) produced inducible cephalosporinases (CAZR and C/TS) and 32.26% (112/347) extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. The prevalence of carbapenemase-producing P. aeruginosa (IMPR and C/TR) was 25.07% (87/347), with 17.24% (15/87) class A and 82.76% (72/87) class B. A high rate of resistance to penicillin (piperacillin: 70.58% and ticarcillin: 60.24%) was observed. We also noted a 34.49% resistance to ceftazidime, 30.22% to imipenem against 37.02% to meropenem, and 25.1% to ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T). These strains also exhibited 79.57% resistance to quinolones and about 26% to aminoglycoside families. Multivariate analysis revealed that carbapenemase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa-related infections were significantly associated with hospitalization (p = 0.04), maternity (p = 0.03), surgery (p = 0.04), and intensive care wards (p = 0.04). This study highlighted a high burden of resistant strains of carbapenemase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Surveillance should be intensified to prevent the dissemination and spread of these strains.
Optical Sensing Technologies to Elucidate the Interplay between Plant and Microbes

Plant-microbe interactions are critical for ecosystem functioning and driving rhizosphere processes. To fully understand the communication pathways between plants and rhizosphere microbes, it is crucial to measure the numerous processes that occur in the plant and the rhizosphere. The present review first provides an overview of how plants interact with their surrounding microbial communities, and in turn, are affected by them. Next, different optical biosensing technologies that elucidate the plant-microbe interactions and provide pathogenic detection are summarized. Currently, most of the biosensors used for detecting plant parameters or microbial communities in soil are centered around genetically encoded optical and electrochemical biosensors that are often not suitable for field applications. Such sensors require substantial effort and cost to develop and have their limitations. With a particular focus on the detection of root exudates and phytohormones under biotic and abiotic stress conditions, novel low-cost and in-situ biosensors must become available to plant scientists.
Tick Salivary Kunitz-Type Inhibitors: Targeting Host Hemostasis and Immunity to Mediate Successful Blood Feeding

Kunitz domain-containing proteins are ubiquitous serine protease inhibitors with promising therapeutic potential. They target key proteases involved in major cellular processes such as inflammation or hemostasis through competitive inhibition in a substrate-like manner. Protease inhibitors from the Kunitz superfamily have a low molecular weight (18–24 kDa) and are characterized by the presence of one or more Kunitz motifs consisting of α-helices and antiparallel β-sheets stabilized by three disulfide bonds. Kunitz-type inhibitors are an important fraction of the protease inhibitors found in tick saliva. Their roles in inhibiting and/or suppressing host homeostatic responses continue to be shown to be additive or synergistic with other protease inhibitors such as cystatins or serpins, ultimately mediating successful blood feeding for the tick. In this review, we discuss the biochemical features of tick salivary Kunitz-type protease inhibitors. We focus on their various effects on host hemostasis and immunity at the molecular and cellular level and their potential therapeutic applications. In doing so, we highlight that their pharmacological properties can be exploited for the development of novel therapies and vaccines.
TABLES OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND RESONANT STATES

The properties of the elementary particles and also of particles customarily called resonances are set forth in tabular form. These include isospin, spin parity, strangeness, mass, magnetic moment, mean life, common decay modes, and branching ratios. The tables were made up using 60 references. (R.E.U.)
A New Method for Blind Source Extraction

: Blind source separation (BSS) is a method for recovering a set of statistically independent signals from the observation of their mixtures without any prior knowledge about the mixing process. If, as a special case, only one source component is to be extracted, it is called blind source extraction (BSE). Since BSE involves a smaller number of parameters to be estimated than BSS, it requires less computation time. In this paper we propose a new algorithm for BSE of the convolutive mixture. The algorithm determines the extractor by evaluating independence between a target signal and other signals. It has some good properties. First, since it is formulated in the time domain, we do not need to worry about the so-called permutation problem. Second, by applying a particular constraint on the extractor the signal quality at the sensors is preserved through the extraction process. A couple of experiments are shown in which the proposed algorithm is applied to the mixture of ﬁve voice signals.
Cluster Analysis of Cloud Properties over the Southern European Mediterranean Area in Observations and a Model

Abstract This paper demonstrates how satellite observations of the cloudiness over a complex area such as the European Mediterranean area can be classified into distinct cloud regimes by application of a K-means clustering algorithm to pixel-level cloud properties. The study contrasts with previous approaches in the fact that the clustering is done on the cloud physical properties at the pixel level and not on statistics of these properties over a coarser grid. A method to choose the number of clusters is described. “Shallow cumulus,” “stratocumulus,” and “frontal” clusters are robustly identified, and associated environmental properties are described. The approach helps to refine the diagnosis of errors in model simulations. In addition to isolated classical errors of climate models (lack of midlevel clouds, overestimation of the cloud optical thickness, and underestimation of the stratocumulus) and a dramatic underestimation of the shallow cumulus clouds over land, an underestimation of the boundary lay.
Multiclonal study of Daphnia magna with respect to adaptation to toxic cyanobacteria

Mass developments of toxic cyanobacteria have increased in frequency due to global warming and eutrophication. Such cyanobacterial blooms impact whole freshwater ecosystems, especially reducing the abundance of herbivory species of the genus Daphnia. These negative effects on Daphnia have frequently been attributed to cyanobacterial secondary metabolites, among them hepatotoxic microcystins and protease inhibitors. Protease inhibitors inhibit major digestive proteases in the gut of Daphnia which results in reduced fitness, that is, population growth. To date evidence for local adaptation of Daphnia to cyanobacteria is confined to microcystin‐producing cyanobacteria and based on comparison of individual clones from different populations but lacks evidence from multiclone microcosm experiments. In the present study, D. magna clones from a Swedish lake where they coexist with the microcystin‐free Microcystis sp. strain BM25 were compared to clones from a Polish population without cyanobacteria, first in single‐clone experiments and subsequently in a multiclonal experimental population. The Swedish clones were assumed to be locally adapted to this protease inhibitor‐producing cyanobacterium and indeed showed higher population growth rates, a proxy for fitness, and dominated the population in the presence of dietary Microcystis sp. BM25, but not in the absence of this cyanobacterium. The results indicate an adaptive tolerance of the Swedish population and point at local adaptation to locally co‐occurring protease inhibitor‐producing cyanobacteria.
Modulational stability of the ion plasma mode

The cubic Schrodinger equation satisfied by the slowly varying amplitude of the longitudinal wave in an electron‐ion plasma is deduced using the method of Kakutani and Sugimoto. The analysis of the Schrodinger equation shows that the ion acoustic wave is modulationally stable and that the ion plasma oscillations are modulationally stable or unstable according to whether the wavenumber is below or above a critical value which is controlled entirely by the wave dispersion.