Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Research on optimization of multichannel and multipath routing protocols in wireless MESH networks

The traditional wireless network works in a single channel, and only one transmission path is generated by routing, which not only limits the network capacity and system throughput, but also easily generates collision conflicts when the traffic is large, and cannot provide good network performance. This paper optimizes the backbone MESH network from the perspective of multi-channel and multipath, and proposes an AOMDV routing protocol MM-AOMDV (Multi channel Multi metric AOMDV) based on multi-channel and multi-metric. Simulation results show that the MM-AOMDV protocol has better end-to-end delay, throughput and delivery rate network performance than the original protocol while the node density and traffic volume increasing.
Effect of element failure and random errors in amplitude and phase on the sidelobe level attainable with a linear array

Low sidelobe levels may be a crucial factor in the success of achieving high gain using linear receiving arrays, since the level of the sidelobes determines the degree to which noisy nearby sources can be prohibited from interfering with the detection of a weak source on a different azimuth. In real world experiments at sea, one frequently operates with an array which has not only errors in amplitude and phase between channels but also dead elements. The effect of random errors in both amplitude and phase is to yield a sidelobe level of the average beam pattern which is the sum of the error‐free pattern and an additional level due to the random errors. The sidelobe level due to the random errors depends upon the details of the amplitude shading function, the distribution function from which the random errors are drawn, and increases with the mean square value of the errors. Thus, given rms values of amplitude and phase errors, there is a practical limit to which the sidelobes can be reduced by amplitude s.
First-Order Bayes-Ball for CP-Logic

Ecient probabilistic inference is key to the success of statistical relational learning. One issue that aects inference cost is the presence of irrelevant random variables. The Bayes-ball algorithm can identify such irrelevant variables in a propositional Bayesian network. This paper presents a lifted version of Bayes-ball, which works directly on the rst-order level, and shows how this algorithm applies to CP-logic inference.
Graphene@Curcumin-Copper Paintable Coatings for the Prevention of Nosocomial Microbial Infection

The rise of antimicrobial resistance has brought into focus the urgent need for the next generation of antimicrobial coating. Specifically, the coating of suitable antimicrobial nanomaterials on contact surfaces seems to be an effective method for the disinfection/contact killing of microorganisms. In this study, the antimicrobial coatings of graphene@curcumin-copper (GN@CR-Cu) were prepared using a chemical synthesis methodology. Thus, the prepared GN@CR-Cu slurry was successfully coated on different contact surfaces, and subsequently, the GO in the composite was reduced to graphene (GN) by low-temperature heating/sunlight exposure. Scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the coated GN@CR-Cu for the coating properties, X-ray photon scattering were used for structural characterization and material confirmation. From the morphological analysis, it was seen that CR and Cu were uniformly distributed throughout the GN network. The nanocomposite coating showed antimicrobial properties by contact-killing mechanisms, which was confirmed by zone inhibition and scanning electron microscopy. The materials showed maximum antibacterial activity against E. coli (24 ± 0.50 mm) followed by P. aeruginosa (18 ± 0.25 mm) at 25 µg/mL spot inoculation on the solid media plate, and a similar trend was observed in the minimum inhibition concentration (80 µg/mL) and bactericidal concentration (160 µg/mL) in liquid media. The synthesized materials showed excellent activity against E. coli and P. aeruginosa. These materials, when coated on different contact surfaces such medical devices, might significantly reduce the risk of nosocomial infection.
Prediction of Sinter Properties Using a Hyper-Parameter-Tuned Artificial Neural Network

The present work aims at performing prediction validation for the physical properties of coke layered and nonlayered hybrid pelletized sinter (HPS) using artificial neural networks (ANNs). Physical property analyses were experimentally performed on the two HPS products. The ANN model was then trained to obtain the best prediction results with the grid-search hyper-parameter tuning method. The learning rate, momentum constant, and the number of neurons varied over specified ranges. The binary variable conversion was utilized to assess the two sintering processes. The nonlayered HPS product of 4 mm micropellets at basicity 1.75 and using 8% coke shows a good combination of physical properties, whereas HPS of 4 mm micropellets at 1.5 basicity using 4% coke as fuel and 2% coke as layering gives a radical improvement in physical properties. The yield of the HPS product is 96.07%, with the shatter index (SI), tumbler index (TI), and abrasion index (AI) values being 86.12, 79.60, and 5.74%, respectively. Hence, HPS can be preferred by implementing the layering of coke powder. The prediction analyses showed that the multilayer perceptron model (MLP) network with a 4-29-5 structure showed prediction accuracies of over 99.99% and a mean squared error (MSE) of 2.87 × 10–4. It verifies the accuracy and prediction effectiveness of the hyper-parameter-tuned ANN model.
An SoPC-based object tracking quadrotor

Abstract In this paper, a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is designed and implemented, and the whole control system is realized on an SoPC platform. The dynamic mathematical model of a quadrotor is derived using Euler–Lagrange equations. A simulation is conducted by applying PID controllers to control the derived model to verify that the PID method is able to stabilize a quadrotor. The aircraft is stabilized according to the sensory data from a tri-axis gyroscope and a tri-axis accelerometer providing angular rates and Euler angles, respectively, for the control system. In addition, a CMOS camera and an ultrasonic sensor mounted on the bottom of the aircraft enable the aircraft with functions of detecting and tracking a moving object, while the aircraft is flying. The resulting system can stably fly in indoor environments and track a specific object, satisfying the design and implementation purpose.
CONVERGENCE ASPECTS OF BAND{LIMITED SIGNALS

We consider square integrable signals (ie signals with finite energy) with a finite interval as the support of their Fourier transform. The interval of length 2α shall be centered at the origin of the real axis. Those signals we call bandlimited with the band limit α . The Hilbert space of square integrable real signals is denoted by L2 and the norm of a signal f in this space is given by ‖f‖2 = ∫ ∞ −∞ |f(x)|2dx . It is well known that in case of bandlimited signals with finite energy convergence in the square mean implies uniform convergence, too (see for example [1]). The question for the reverse implication, ie for convergence in the square mean following from pointwise convergence, yet has not been answered affirmatively. We shall demonstrate here that there is an additional requirement to be met, namely the convergence of the norm.
KIR2DL1 gene is a surrogate marker of protection against infection-related hospitalisation among HIV-1 unexposed versus exposed uninfected infants in Cameroon

Abstract Background: HIV-exposed uninfected infants (HEU) experience appear more vulnerable to infections compared to their HIV-unexposed uninfected (HUU) peers, generally attributed to poor passive immunity acquired from the mother. This may be due to some genetic factors that could alter the immune system. We thus sought to determine the distribution of Killer Cells Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor (KIR) genes in HEU versus HUU, and study the association between KIR profiling and occurrence of infection-related hospitalization. Methods: A cohortstudy was conducted from May 2019 to April 2020 among HEU and HUU, followed-up at birth, week 6, 12, 24 and 48, in reference pediatric centers in Yaounde, Cameroon. Infant HIV status was determined, types of infections were analyzed, and 15 KIR genes were investigated using the sequence specific primer polymerase chain reaction (PCR-SSP) method. Rate of KIR genes and infection-related hospitalizations were compared in HEU versus HUU, with p<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: In this cohort, a total of 19 infection-related hospitalizations occurred in 66 infants (14.81%, 04/27 HUU and 38.46%, 15/39 HEU, p=0.037), the majority occurring during the first 24 weeks of life: 10 (25.64%) HEU and 03 (11.11%) HUU, p=0.14. At week 48 (39 HEU and 27 HUU), the relative risk (RR) for infectionrelated hospitalizations was 2.42 (95% CI: 1.028 to 5.823) for HEU versus HUU, with aOR 3.59(95% CI: 1.037 to 12.448). Incidence of hospitalization was 3.2 (95% CI: 1.63 to 7.14) per 1002 infant-months among HEU versus 1.2 (95% CI: 0.57 to 3.60) in HUU, and RR was 2.22 (95% CI: 0.50 to 9.39). KIR2DL1 gene was significantly higher in HUU versus HEU (OR= 0.183, 95%CI: 0.053 to 0.629; p=0.003), and the absence of KIR2DL1 was significantly associated with infection-related hospitalization (p<0.001; OR=0.063; 95%CI: 0.017 to 0.229). Conclusion: Compared to HUU, the vulnerability of HEU is driving by KIR2DL1, indicating the protective role of this KIR against infection and hospitalizations.
Energetics of Shock-triggered Supersubstorms (SML < −2500 nT)

The solar wind energy input and dissipation in the magnetospheric–ionospheric systems of 17 supersubstorms (SSSs: SML < −2500 nT) triggered by interplanetary shocks during solar cycles 23 and 24 are studied in detail. The SSS events had durations ranging from ∼42 minutes to ∼6 hr, and SML intensities ranging from −2522 nT to −4143 nT. Shock compression greatly strengthens the upstream interplanetary magnetic field southward component (B s), and thus, through magnetic reconnection at the Earth’s dayside magnetopause, greatly enhances the solar wind energy input into the magnetosphere and ionosphere during the SSS events studied. The additional solar wind magnetic reconnection energy input supplements the ∼1.5 hr precursor (growth-phase) energy input and both supply the necessary energy for the high-intensity, long-duration SSS events. Some of the solar wind energy is immediately deposited in the magnetosphere/ionosphere system, and some is stored in the magnetosphere/magnetotail system. During the SSS events, the major part of the solar wind input energy is dissipated into Joule heating (∼30%), with substantially less energy dissipation in auroral precipitation (∼3%) and ring current energy (∼2%). The remainder of the solar wind energy input is probably lost down the magnetotail. It is found that during the SSS events, the dayside Joule heating is comparable to that of the nightside Joule heating, giving a picture of the global energy dissipation in the magnetospheric/ionospheric system, not simply a nightside-sector substorm effect. Several cases are shown where an SSS is the only substorm that occurs during a magnetic storm, essentially equating the two phenomena for these cases.
Theoretical optimization of cavity configurations for fiber lasers: enhancement of mode oscillation and slow-light effect

This article theoretically investigates the optimization of various fiber Bragg cavities for sustaining laser oscillation and amplification in fiber lasers designed as distributed feedback reflectors and/or distributed Bragg reflectors. Coupled mode theory with the transfer matrix method have been used to obtain reflection and transmission spectra as well as group delay and dispersion for characterizing the proposed cavities. The optimum configuration gives symmetrical spectra with single-mode oscillation in the stop-band manifesting an enhanced slow-light process. Various cavity parameters such as cavity configuration, length, pitch, and structure of the grating are found to have a significant effect on the field confinement, oscillated modes, and dispersion of the spectrum. Cavities formed by phase-shifted FBGs showed better photon confinement, and better reinforcement of single-mode oscillations. By incorporating an extra etalon-like cavity (etalon), uniform spectra with wider stop-band can be manifested and single-mode oscillations with remarkable delay for the slow-light effect are maintained.
Convergence of Alternating Directions like Methods for Linearly Constrained Structured Variational Inequalities

Because of its significant efficiency and easy implementation, alternating direction method (ADM) has attracted wide attention in solving linearly constrained structured convex optimization and variational inequalities. In this paper, we propose the most potential versions of the proximal ADM and investigate their convergence in a uniform framework. The additional proximal term allows us to simplify the sub-problems, and thus the new versions substantially broaden the applicable scope of the alternating direction methods. The convergence is based on the fact that the sequence generated by each different versions approaches
Use of inverse dynamics for trajectory tracking of flexible-link manipulator with account of link shortening effect

In this paper, the deflection of a two-link flexible manipulator has been modeled with each point on the flexible link being described by both axial and lateral displacement variables instead of lateral displacement variable only. This has been possible by including the shortening of the projection effect on the deformed link. A control law based on computed-torque formulation has been utilized to expose the difference between the responses of the two models, and thus the impact of the shortening of projection effect due to the flexible link deformation on following the desired trajectory is presented.
PROJECTIONS, COMMUTATORS AND LIE IDEALS IN C * -ALGEBRAS

In this expository note, we survey some recent investigations into the problem of determining when the (algebraic) linear span of the projections in a unital, simple C*-algebra A coincides with the algebra. We highlight the relationship of this problem to the problem of characterizing Lie ideals in such algebras, as well as to the problem of characterizing (sums of) commutators of elements in C*-algebras.
Semiconductor photonic integrated circuits

Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) are that subset of optoelectronic integrated circuits (OEICs) that focus primarily on the integration of interconnected guided-wave optical devices. A good example of a simple but potentially important PIC is the butt-coupled integration of a distributed feedback (DFB) laser with an electroabsorption modulator to provide a low-chirp high-speed modulated source.1 Many researchers have also pointed out that three-section continuously tunable distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) lasers are also PICs, with an integrated multielement resonator composed of a separately controlled gain medium, phase shifter, and tunable Bragg mirror.2-4
Spatial and temporal distribution of hailstorms in the Alpine region: a long‐term, high resolution, radar‐based analysis

This article presents a 13‐year hail climatology for Switzerland based on volumetric radar reflectivity. Two radar‐based hail detection products that are used operationally at MeteoSwiss, namely the Probability of Hail (POH) and the Maximum Expected Severe Hail Size (MESHS), have been reprocessed for the extended convective season (April–September) between 2002 and 2014. The result of these two products is a comprehensive hail distribution map, which highlights regional and local‐scale hail characteristics. The map of the annual number of hail days shows a high spatial variability and several maxima over the foothills north and south of the Alps as wells as over the Jura mountains. Directly over the Alps hail frequency exhibits a minimum. Annual hail anomalies show a pronounced variability, which suggests that hail occurrence is strongly controlled by large‐scale weather patterns. Furthermore, hail probability exhibits a strong seasonal and diurnal cycle with a maximum in July in the late afternoon. The hail peak over the northern pre‐alpine region occurs approximately two hours earlier compared to the south. A possible explanation is the trigger mechanism between the cold pool initiated by early convective cells over the Jura mountains and the development of cells on the northern slope of the Alps. Since radar‐based hail signals are only indirect measurements, statistical verification of the hail detection algorithms is crucial. Damage reports from an automobile insurance company are used as an independent dataset. Verification results confirm that radar‐based hail algorithms provide valuable information on hail probability. Finally, the synoptic‐scale hail‐driving weather conditions are investigated using a weather type classification based on upper‐air flow direction and mean pressure from a numerical weather prediction model. The results show that six out of nine main synoptic‐scale patterns favour the development of hailstorms in Switzerland.
Subjective experience of image quality: attributes, definitions, and decision making of subjective image quality

Subjective quality rating does not reflect the properties of the image directly, but it is the outcome of a quality decision making process, which includes quantification of subjective quality experience. Such a rich subjective content is often ignored. We conducted two experiments (with 28 and 20 observers), in order to study the effect of paper grade on image quality experience of the ink-jet prints. Image quality experience was studied using a grouping task and a quality rating task. Both tasks included an interview, but in the latter task we examined the relations of different subjective attributes in this experience. We found out that the observers use an attribute hierarchy, where the high-level attributes are more experiential, general and abstract, while low-level attributes are more detailed and concrete. This may reflect the hierarchy of the human visual system. We also noticed that while the observers show variable subjective criteria for IQ, the reliability of average subjective estimates is high: when two different observer groups estimated the same images in the two experiments, correlations between the mean ratings were between . 986 and . 994, depending on the image content.
Accretion‐Disk Precession and Substellar Secondaries in Cataclysmic Variables

The mass‐losing secondaries in cataclysmic binaries are progressively whittled away by the ongoing loss of angular momentum. The expected rate of evolution implies that the binaries should spend most of their lives at very short orbital period, with light secondaries (<0.08 M⊙). But compared to the nearby white dwarf and accretion disk, these secondaries are effectively dark, so it has been quite difficult to learn anything about them from observation. Here we show that for dwarf novae, the majority species, the mass ratios can be measured from simple photometric observations of “superhumps,” using equipment commonly possessed by amateur astronomers. The technique basically involves measuring the apsidal precession rate of the accretion disk and, thus, has the merit of being purely dynamical, requiring no actual detection of light from the secondary. The results reaffirm what we have known for a long time—that most secondaries are near the main sequence—but also show that near the end of the main sequence at 0.08 M⊙, the secondaries are significantly larger. This bloating, possibly due to an extra angular momentum sink in the binary, sets the value of the minimum orbital period for H‐rich binaries to be 76–80 minutes. Seven stars are found with secondaries in the mass range 0.014–0.06 M⊙.
Linear programmes with trapezoidal fuzzy numbers: a duality approach

Solving fuzzy linear programming problems have received a great deal of attention. Recently, Ganesan and Veeramani (2006) developed a new method for solving a kind of these problems involving symmetric trapezoidal fuzzy numbers without converting them to the crisp linear programming problems based on primal simplex method. But their method has no efficient when a primal basic feasible solution is not at hand. In this paper, we develop a new dual simplex algorithm to overcome this shortcoming by using the duality results which has been proposed by Nasseri and Mahdavi-Amiri (2009) and Nasseri et al. (2010). This algorithm starts with a dual basic feasible solution, but primal basic infeasible solution and walks to an optimal solution by moving among adjacent dual basic feasible solution.
Using twisted Alexander polynomials to detect beredness

In this paper we discuss how certain algebraic invariants of 3-manifolds can be eectively used in the study of beredness and the Thurston norm of links. In particular we use twisted Alexander poly- nomials to prove that the exterior of a certain graph knot, whose splice diagram is given, is not bered. Then we consider three 2-component graph links built out of this knot. For these links we use the same tech- nique, involving twisted Alexander polynomials to discuss their bered- ness and Turston norm. This allows us to demonstrate the eectiveness of twisted Alexander polynomials in this context (links in homology spheres dierent from S 3 ), where no calculations exist in the literature.
ECON: Explicit Clothed humans Optimized via Normal integration

The combination of deep learning, artist-curated scans, and Implicit Functions (IF), is enabling the creation of detailed, clothed, 3D humans from images. However, existing methods are far from perfect. IF-based methods recover free-form geometry, but produce disembodied limbs or degenerate shapes for novel poses or clothes. To increase robustness for these cases, existing work uses an explicit parametric body model to constrain surface reconstruction, but this limits the recovery of free-form surfaces such as loose clothing that deviates from the body. What we want is a method that combines the best properties of implicit representation and explicit body regularization. To this end, we make two key observations: (1) current networks are better at inferring detailed 2D maps than full-3D surfaces, and (2) a parametric model can be seen as a “canvas” for stitching together detailed surface patches. Based on these, our method, ECON, has three main steps: (1) It infers detailed 2D normal maps for the front and back side of a clothed person. (2) From these, it recovers 2.5D front and back surfaces, called d-BiNI, that are equally detailed, yet incomplete, and registers these w.r. t. each other with the help of a SMPL-X body mesh recovered from the image. (3) It “inpaints” the missing geometry between d-BiNI surfaces. If the face and hands are noisy, they can optionally be replaced with the ones of SMPL-X. As a result, ECON infers high-fidelity 3D humans even in loose clothes and challenging poses. This goes beyond previous methods, according to the quantitative evaluation on the CAPE and Renderpeople datasets. Perceptual studies also show that ECON's perceived realism is better by a large margin. Code and models are available for research purposes at econ.is. tue.mpg. de