Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative Perspectives on Communication in Human and Non-Human Primates

Comparative research on communication systems in human and non-human primates has struggled to find a common language for comparisons. Research has too often either embraced application of linguistic constructs to animal signals, or eschewed them altogether, with the result being either uncritical acceptance of continuity between human and animal communication, or wholesale dismissal of it. This chapter attempts to better align the discussion of communication in the two groups by highlighting the importance of low-level features of communication indisputably common to both. From this common starting point, the authors of this chapter invoke functional deployability as a critical pressure influencing signal structure and use, emphasizing conserved perceptuocognitive mechanisms as common targets of signal action. In recognizing these foundational building blocks, many productive avenues for future research open up. In particular, the authors suggest that perceptual and cognitive biases that promote certain types of signal-meaning mappings provide a natural, biosemantic substrate on which more robust communicative systems can be built.
UM ESTUDO DE CASO SOBRE A FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES NOS CURSOS DE
LICENCIATURA: PRIMEIRAS APROXIMAÇÕES

This article discusses the initial teacher training in the undergraduate teaching courses of Pedagogy, Geography, Physical Education, Mathematics, Chemistry and Physics from the scientific productions of two national databases: CAPES/MEC Periodicals Portal and the CAPES Theses and Dissertations Catalog, from 2001 to 2017. The research, of a qualitative nature, of the state of knowledge type is developed, covering teachers and students of the Graduate Program in Education and the Pedagogy course of São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente. In the initial phase the following descriptors were used: teaching degree, Initial teacher training and undergraduate course, plus the name of the undergraduate teaching degree courses investigated. The partial results allowed knowing the current scenario of the undergraduate teaching courses in Brazil, the tensions between teaching degree and bachelor’s degree, as well as pointed to the weakening and discredit of undergraduate teaching courses in the country.
Novel Use of Double-Layer Amniotic Membrane Technique in Tube Erosion in a Pediatric Patient

This case report illustrates the successful use of the double-layer amniotic membrane technique in a child with glaucoma and aniridia. A 3.5-year-old girl with bilateral congenital glaucoma as well as aniridia, lens coloboma, nystagmus, and strabismus had been followed up since birth. Medical treatment did not result in the desired intraocular pressure improvement. An Ahmed glaucoma valve was implanted bilaterally. In a follow-up visit at 2 years of age, there were complaints of redness with watery discharge in the right eye. A biomicroscopic evaluation revealed tube erosion of the conjunctiva. The eroded area was dissected from the surrounding tissue and the area was closed using the new double-layer amnion membrane technique. After the surgery, the intraocular pressure was normal. Subsequent follow-up indicated that the erosion defect was closed and stabilized. The double-layer amniotic membrane technique can be used successfully in cases of conjunctival tube erosion. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first published pediatric case report of using the novel technique of amniotic membrane transplantation for tube erosion.
Landfill Leachate from an Urban Solid Waste Storage System Produces Genotoxicity and Cytotoxicity in Pre-Adolescent and Young Adults Rats

Landfill leachate is a complex mixture of organic and inorganic molecules, as well as environmental pollutants that can cause harm to ecosystems and living beings. The micronucleus test in peripheral blood erythrocytes was used to evaluate the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of exposure to a landfill leachate from an outdoor solid waste storage system on Wistar strain rats at different developmental stages, pre-adolescents and young adults, and the heavy metal content of the leachate was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Contents of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, mercury, and lead in the landfill leachate were outside the allowable international standards, and the exposure to the landfill leachate caused genotoxic and cytotoxic effects on Wistar rats, where the pre-adolescent animals were more susceptible to the toxics contained in the landfill leachate than young adults. Heavy metals contained in landfill leachate, individually or synergically with other molecules can be responsible for clastogenic and cytotoxic effects that can be harmful to humans and ecosystems.
Proanthocyanidin inhibit the development of diethylnitrosoamine induced premalignant phenotype in rat chemical hepatocarcinogensis model

Proanthocyanidin was shown to exert anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective properties, and anticancer activity. This study was done to investigate the protective effects of Proanthocyanidin on Diethylnitrosamine induced hepatocarcinogensis in rats. Fourty five male albino rats were divided into three groups. Group Ӏ: (normal control group): rats administered distilled water only. Group II: rats received Diethylnitrosamine (200 mg/kg b.wt/i.p), 2 weeks later rats received (2 ml/kg b.wt) Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) orally at 1:1 dilution in corn oil as a promoter of carcinogenic effect. DEN and CCl4 injections were repeated once again after 1 month from the first DEN injection. Group III: rats received DEN+CCl4 then treated with proanthocyanidin at a dose of (100 mg/kg b.wt/orally) dissolved in DMSO 7% for 6 weeks. All animals were sacrificed after the end of experiment. DEN induced HCC showed significant increase in hepatic marker enzymes (ALT and ALP), total bilirubin and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) with marked decrease in serum albumin concentration. Also, the results of molecular analysis in liver tissue revealed significant up-regulation in TNF-α gene expression level. Conversely, downregulation in tumor suppressor gene p53 and Cyp2E1 gene expression compared with control group. Treatment with proanthocyanidin to DEN induced HCC protects the liver cells from damage by regulating the biochemical parameters. The obtained results suggest that proanthocyanidin can inhibit the proliferation of HCC cells through inducing tumor cell apoptosis via activation of the p53 pathway and detoxification enzyme Cyp2E1 and inhibition of TNF-α overexpression. Proanthocyanidin may thus be used as a potentially promising agent to inhibit HCC cell proliferation and may be a novel natural product for the management treatment of HCC.
An Autosegmental Analysis of Tone Usage Among Yoruba-Speaking CVA-Aphasic Adults

This inquiry investigated tone use among Yoruba-speaking adults recovering from an aphasic insult/attack initiated by a cerebral vascular accident (CVA), otherwise known as a stroke. In pursuing the aim of the study, the research was guided by three research questions, namely, do Yoruba-speaking aphasic adults have the perceptual ability to perceive tone in the language; can Yoruba-speaking aphasic adults differentiate between the three lexical tones in the language; and which of lexical tones do Yoruba speaking aphasic adults find difficult to perceive? The study drew upon the theoretical and analytical scope of the autosegmental approach and a constructivist methodology paradigm inspired by a descriptive research design that used the qualitative approach. Data elicited from purposively sampled informants via structured interviews involving two groups of participants three aphasic Yoruba individuals and three Yoruba non-aphasic individuals in Nigeria. The purposive sampling was premised on informants’ dialectal proficiency, availability and diversity, and occurrence of CVA (stroke). The aphasic subjects were identified with the initials AB, CD and EF to conform to confidentiality etiquette in clinical linguistics. For ethical consideration, the informants were required to fill in a consent form before eliciting data from them. Once that was done, the aphasics were availed 100 words from the combined Swadesh 200 and Ibadan 400 wordlist of essential and cultural items, recorded by the non-aphasic individuals who speak Yoruba as their first language, to identify which tones they perceive. The data elicited was analysed using the perceptual approach in which the recorded data was listened to several times to discover if adult Yoruba speakers that are aphasic were still able to recognise the high ( ́), mid ( ̄) and low tone (̀ ) in words. The findings reviewed that Yoruba aphasics have diverse perceptual abilities of tone. Furthermore, it was established that Yoruba aphasics displayed varying deficiencies in differentiating the three lexical tones of Yoruba. Of the three lexical tones (H, M and L), the unmarked M tone was consistent, while the H and L tones had varying perceptual outcomes among the CVA-aphasics. The implication of the finding is that tone recoveries among CVA-aphasics is never the same and, therefore, calls for various linguistic therapies according to each CVA-aphasic case.
Effects of Ionic Liquids on Laccase from Trametes versicolor

Interactions between ionic liquids and biomolecules are of great interest due to the intrinsic properties of ionic liquids and the flexibility allowed by mixing and matching cations and anions to create unique ionic liquids. A number of ionic liquid–biomolecule studies have focused on interactions with proteins, including industrially relevant enzymes. One of these, laccase from Trametes versicolor, is a naturally derived enzyme used in the breakdown of phenolic compounds in a wide variety of industries, especially useful in breakdown of lignocellulosic materials. Here, a combination of experiments and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations was used to investigate the interactions of ionic liquids with laccase. Enzyme kinetics assays indicated that ionic liquids composed of tetramethylguanidine (TMG) and either serine or threonine caused significant reduction in enzymatic activity, while kinetics was not impacted by TMG-Asp or TMG-Glu ionic liquids. Similarly, intrinsic fluorescence of laccase in the presence of TMG-Ser and TMG-Thr exhibited a shift in spectral properties consistent with structural destabilization, but again TMG-Asp and TMG-Glu had no impact. MD simulations of laccase and ABTS with/without TMG-Ser ionic liquid provided insight into the deactivation mechanism of laccase. The simulations indicated that TMG-Ser disrupts laccase’s electron transfer mechanism.
FIRST REDSCRIPTION AND A NEW HOST RECORD OF HYSTEROTHYLCIUM SEBAE BRUCE, 1990 FROM THE RED SEA FISH SCARUS PSITTACUS FROM EGYPT

FIRST REDSCRIPTION AND A NEW HOST RECORD OF HYSTEROTHYLCIUM SEBAE BRUCE, 1990 FROM THE RED SEA FISH SCARUS PSITTACUS FROM EGYPT By REFAAT M. A. KHALIFA, HODA S. MOHAMADAIN and YASSER F. M. KARAR Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, and Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Qena, South Valley University Egypt (*Correspondence: rkhalifa_eg@yahoo.com, **hoda.abdelgalil@sci.svu.edu.eg) Abstract Hysterothylacium sebae Bruce, 1990 (Nematodea: Raphidascadae) was collected from the small intestine of the marine fish Scarus psicattatus caught from Northern Red Sea, of Sharm El-Naga, Makady Bay, Sothern Hurgada, Red Sea Governorate. Out of eight examined fish, three (37.5%) were found naturally infected with H. sebae Bruce, 1990. The parasites (one adult male & eight females) were examined morphologically and morphometrically by light microscopy. According to the previouse literature, the present nematode parasite was never redescribed or reported from the marine fish Scarus psicattus. Therefore, Scarus psittacus is reported as a new host record for Hysterothylacium sebae Bruce, 1990 and re-described in details for the first time from Egypt.
Detection of Biofilm Genes (IcaA and IcaD) in Staphylococcus spp.

One hundred thirty one clinical bacterial samples were collected from skin, pus, urine and blood from patients at Al-Salam General Teaching Hospital in Mosul city during March until July/ 2012, The present study included identification using API ID 32 STAPH system to the species Staphylococcus. aureus, Staph. lugdunensis, Staph. epidermidis, Staph. hominis, Staph. auricularis and Staph. haemolyticus, Biofilm formation genes at icaA (188 bp.) were found in 35.7% of Staph. aureus, Staph. hominis, and Staph. xylosus but 42.8 % of Staph. aureus, Staph. epidermidis, Staph. hominis, and Staph. xylosus contained icaD (198 bp.) gene only.
On the limit cycles for a class of generalized Liénard differential systems

The main aim of the present paper is to study the existence of limit cycles (i.e. close trajectories in the phase space having the property that at least one other trajectory spirals into them either as time approaches infinity or as time approaches negative infinity) of a class of piecewise generalized Liénard differential system modulated by a two variable polynomial and a piecewise linear function respectively. The main tool that we use to obtain these results is the averaging theory of the dynamical systems worthy to detect the initial conditions of the birth of isolated orbits of a system.
The Contagion Effects of European Union Macroeconomic Instability in Emerging Markets: Evidence from India

This paper examines the European Union (EU) macroeconomic instability and its contagion effects on emerging market economies. Given the large economic weight of the EU in the world, the contagion of the crisis and its potentially devastating effects are necessitating a renewed attention from the researchers and international financial institutions in analyzing the nature and implications of sovereign debt on the political economy of developing and emerging economies in general, particularly India. Though the crisis is epicentered in the EU, its knock-on effects are felt all across the globe. The emerging and developing economies (EDEs) have posted lower growth on account of the worsening external environment and a weakening internal demand during the period of the Eurozone debt crisis. While presenting the contemporary literature on the topic, this paper analyses the causes of the sovereign debt crisis presents implications for sovereign debt crises and draws lessons particularly for emerging markets such as India.
Design and Performance Analysis of Probabilistically Shaped QAM Signals for Coherent FSO Systems with Gamma-Gamma Turbulence Channels

Probabilistic shaping (PS) is a promising technique to approach the Shannon limit. In this paper, we design a practical coded modulation scheme based on PS to improve the capacity of coherent free-space optical (FSO) links with quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), where the fading channel follows the Gamma-Gamma distribution. The aim of this paper is to optimize the probability mass function (PMF) of the QAM signal points to achieve the maximum channel capacity. Due to the complexity of the objective function, the heuristic algorithm was employed to solve the optimization problem. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the closed-form pairwise error probability (PEP) is first derived with the non-uniform signals under the turbulence channel. In addition, we measure the average symbol error rate (SER) and post-FEC bit error rate (BER) by the Monte Carlo simulation method. The numerical simulation results of both capacity and BER show that the proposed PS scheme is better than the uniform distribution. The post-FEC BER results show that the proposed PS scheme provides significant gains compared with the uniform scheme.
Distorted Janus Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: Stable Two-Dimensional Materials with Sizable Band Gap and Ultrahigh Carrier Mobility

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are ideal layered materials to fabricate field effect transistors (FETs) due to their sizable band gaps and high stability, however, the low carrier mobility limits the response speeds. Here, based on recent experimental progress, we employed first principle calculations to reveal a distorted phase of the Janus TMD, 1T′ MoSSe, which is highly stable, exhibiting a moderate band gap and ultrahigh carrier mobility. We show that 1T′ MoSSe can be obtained via structural transition from the synthesized 2H phase after overcoming an energy barrier of 1.10 eV, which can be significantly reduced with alkali metal adsorption, thus proposing a feasible approach for experimental fabrications. 1T′ MoSSe is predicted to be a semiconductor with a trivial band gap of 0.1 eV (based on Heyd–Scuseria–Ernzerhof calculations), which can be closed to form Dirac nodes and then reopened under strain deformation. Due to the almost linear dispersion of the band states, an ultrahigh electron (.
Lipid and fatty acid metabolism in trypanosomatids

Trypanosomiases and leishmaniases are neglected tropical diseases that have been spreading to previously non-affected areas in recent years. Identification of new chemotherapeutics is needed as there are no vaccines and the currently available treatment options are highly toxic and often ineffective. The causative agents for these diseases are the protozoan parasites of the Trypanosomatidae family, and they alternate between invertebrate and vertebrate hosts during their life cycles. Hence, these parasites must be able to adapt to different environments and compete with their hosts for several essential compounds, such as amino acids, vitamins, ions, carbohydrates, and lipids. Among these nutrients, lipids and fatty acids (FAs) are essential for parasite survival. Trypanosomatids require massive amounts of FAs, and they can either synthesize FAs de novo or scavenge them from the host. Moreover, FAs are the major energy source during specific life cycle stages of T. brucei, T. cruzi, and Leishmania. Therefore, considering the distinctive features of FAs metabolism in trypanosomatids, these pathways could be exploited for the development of novel antiparasitic drugs. In this review, we highlight specific aspects of lipid and FA metabolism in the protozoan parasites T. brucei, T. cruzi, and Leishmania spp. , as well as the pathways that have been explored for the development of new chemotherapies.
Unreachable

"Unreachable" is an artwork that explores the feelings caused by the absence of human closeness and social gathering, and the forced distancing imposed by the spread of the highly contagious virus COVID-19. Digital technologies allowed the continuity of some activities adapted to this new reality. Nevertheless, although we can see and hear through them, they do not fulfill the human need for touch nor replace the sensations of being physically close to other people and of live cultural and leisure moments. Through the display of images and videos that avoid the participants when they cross the minimum safety distance, this artwork addresses the feelings of the impossibility of physically reaching something important and meaningful through digital devices, even though these may simulate a sense of closeness.
Flexible Extensions to Structural Equation Models Using Computation Graphs

ABSTRACT Structural equation modeling (SEM) is being applied to ever more complex data types and questions, often requiring extensions such as regularization or novel fitting functions. To extend SEM, researchers currently need to completely reformulate SEM and its optimization algorithm – a challenging and time–consuming task. In this paper, we introduce the computation graph for SEM, and show that this approach can extend SEM without the need for bespoke software development. We show that both existing and novel SEM improvements follow naturally. To demonstrate, we introduce three SEM extensions: least absolute deviation estimation, Bayesian LASSO optimization, and sparse high–dimensional mediation analysis. We provide an implementation of SEM in PyTorch – popular software in the machine learning community – to accelerate development of structural equation models adequate for modern–day data and research questions.
A Flux Ratio and a Universal Property of Permanent Charges Effects on Fluxes

Abstract In this work, we consider ionic flow through ion channels for an ionic mixture of a cation species (positively charged ions) and an anion species (negatively charged ions), and examine effects of a positive permanent charge on fluxes of the cation species and the anion species. For an ion species, and for any given boundary conditions and channel geometry,we introduce a ratio _(Q) = J(Q)/J(0) between the flux J(Q) of the ion species associated with a permanent charge Q and the flux J(0) associated with zero permanent charge. The flux ratio _(Q) is a suitable quantity for measuring an effect of the permanent charge Q: if _(Q) > 1, then the flux is enhanced by Q; if _ < 1, then the flux is reduced by Q. Based on analysis of Poisson-Nernst-Planck models for ionic flows, a universal property of permanent charge effects is obtained: for a positive permanent charge Q, if _1(Q) is the flux ratio for the cation species and _2(Q) is the flux ratio for the anion species, then _1(Q) < _2(Q), independent of boundary conditions and channel geometry. The statement is sharp in the sense that, at least for a given small positive Q, depending on boundary conditions and channel geometry, each of the followings indeed occurs: (i) _1(Q) < 1 < _2(Q); (ii) 1 < _1(Q) < _2(Q); (iii) _1(Q) < _2(Q) < 1. Analogous statements hold true for negative permanent charges with the inequalities reversed. It is also shown that the quantity _(Q) = |J(Q) − J(0)| may not be suitable for comparing the effects of permanent charges on cation flux and on anion flux. More precisely, for some positive permanent charge Q, if _1(Q) is associated with the cation species and _2(Q) is associated with the anion species, then, depending on boundary conditions and channel geometry, each of the followings is possible: (a) _1(Q) > _2(Q); (b) _1(Q) < _2(Q).
DiaMOS Plant: A Dataset for Diagnosis and Monitoring Plant Disease

The classification and recognition of foliar diseases is an increasingly developing field of research, where the concepts of machine and deep learning are used to support agricultural stakeholders. Datasets are the fuel for the development of these technologies. In this paper, we release and make publicly available the field dataset collected to diagnose and monitor plant symptoms, called DiaMOS Plant, consisting of 3505 images of pear fruit and leaves affected by four diseases. In addition, we perform a comparative analysis of existing literature datasets designed for the classification and recognition of leaf diseases, highlighting the main features that maximize the value and information content of the collected data. This study provides guidelines that will be useful to the research community in the context of the selection and construction of datasets.