Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Best practice and interpretation in tourist/wildlife encounters: A wild dolphin swim tour example

Tourism and the natural environment are two concepts that appear to have become closely associated due to the increasing desire for tourists to visit natural areas, and ‘tourism, like the natural environment, needs to be managed to be sustainable’ (WATC & CALM 1997, p2). Unfortunately the natural environment often comes into conflict with an economy driven tourism industry that seeks to utilise natural resources for economic benefit, ultimately exploiting them in the process. However, stakeholders within the tourism industry are starting to take more conservation-based approaches to managing the increase in tourists seeking nature-based settings. The emergence of nature-based tourism, and particularly ecotourism, are products of this (Dowling 1996). The focus of this study is based on a specific component of nature- based tourism, which is tourism involving interaction with wildlife. The wildlife in question is marine mammal species Tursiops, or the animal commonly known as the bottlenose dolphin. One way of managing wildlife/tourist interaction is the establishment of Best Practice guidelines. In order for a nature-based tourist operation to be managed effectively, social, environmental and economic goals must be set and methods of best practice implemented to ensure that these goals are met. In addition, according to Orams (1996) and Moscardo (1998) management of tourist-wildlife operations requires indirect techniques such as education and interpretation, which attempt to appeal to the tourists’ ‘caring’ side, therefore encouraging them to take an active role in protecting the environment. This study explored the issue of ‘best practice’ within the wild dolphin swim tour program at the Dolphin Discovery Centre (DDC) in Bunbury, Western Australia. In 1999 a Code of Practice was developed by the tour licensee to reduce the potential for negative impacts of swimmer activity upon the local dolphin population. Surveys (pre and post tour) were developed to examine tourist satisfaction of certain guidelines within the Code of Practice. This examination included assessing tourist expectation, satisfaction and effectiveness of the education and interpretation methods used to manage the tour. The practical outcome will be to provide an Industry Manual and video of Best Practice guidelines for use by Dolphin Swim Tour operations.
On Forwards Prediction Error

This report examines the theoretical properties of Forwards Prediction Error (FPE) as proposed in two different settings: as a means of selecting smoothing parameters in nonparametric regression (Morton, Kang, and Henderson, 2009) and for selecting robustness parameters in the generalized profiling methodology for estimating differential equations proposed in Ramsay, Hooker, Campbell, and Cao (2007); Ellner (2007). FPE provides a criterion for selecting a smoothing parameter in nonparametric regression and uses the value of an estimated smooth x̂λ(t) and its derivative ˆ̇ xλ(t) to linearly extrapolate to an observation at time t + h via x̂(t) + hˆ̇ x(t). Here λ represents a smoothing parameter to be chosen to give minimum predicted mean squared error between the observations and the extrapolated prediction. In the case of differential equation models, the equivalent criterion involves solving a differential equation forwards h time units from estimated initial conditions with estimated parameters in a manner made precise below. This report studies the asymptotic properties of these methods. We demonstrate that in the case of local polynomial regression and other kernel smoothing methods, FPE results in an estimate of λ that is of the same order as h and that intuitive choices for h do not then lead to optimal convergence rates for λ, or even to consistent estimates x̂λ(t). However, in the case of generalized profiling for differential equation models under infill asymptotics, choosing h to be constant leads to consistent estimates of parameters in the differential equation. Two variations on the methods above are also considered. When local polynomial regression is employed and the global polynomial model is assumed correct, the regression function is estimated consistently. We also examine the use of FPE and the “gradient matching” approach suggested in Ellner, Seifu, and Smith (2002); Brunel (2008) and show that non-parametric rates of convergence are obtained.
Bad is Stronger than Good

The greater power of bad events over good ones is found in everyday events, major life events (e.g., trauma), close relationship outcomes, social network patterns, interpersonal interactions, and learning processes. Bad emotions, bad parents, and bad feedback have more impact than good ones, and bad information is processed more thoroughly than good. The self is more motivated to avoid bad self-definitions than to pursue good ones. Bad impressions and bad stereotypes are quicker to form and more resistant to disconfirmation than good ones. Various explanations such as diagnosticity and salience help explain some findings, but the greater power of bad events is still found when such variables are controlled. Hardly any exceptions (indicating greater power of good) can be found. Taken together, these findings suggest that bad is stronger than good, as a general principle across a broad range of psychological phenomena.
The effects of freeze-thaw cycles on the infiltration rates of three bioretention cell soil mixtures

ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Special thanks to my adviser Art Bettis; to Adam Ward for assistance with data collection and analysis methods, and for providing edits; to Frank Weirich for his help with my thermocouple array; to Matt Hill for lending me laboratory space to perform my infiltration rate tests; to Trina Roberts and the Natural History Museum Staff for allowing me the use of their freezer to run my experiments; to the University of Iowa Lung Imaging Center Staff for all of their assistance in conducting CT scans of my columns; to Ryan Amelon and Saha Punham for their assistance with the analysis of my CT data; and to fellow graduate students, friends, and family for all of their kindness and support. iii ABSTRACT The expansion of urban and suburban areas is a worldwide phenomenon. One product of this development is a dramatic increase in impermeable surfaces and a consequent increase in stormwater runoff. Bioretention cells are one best management practice frequently used to mitigate the environmental impacts of urban stormwater runoff. To ensure that a bioretention cell will continue to perform adequately in the long term, it is imperative that the environmental conditions it will experience and their effect on its performance through time are considered during its design. Although bioretention cells are frequently used for stormwater management, very few quantitative data exist on how they perform through time and in varied physical environments. In regions with seasonal freeze-thaw cycles, it is important to understand the effects of freeze-thaw cycles on the infiltration rate of bioretention cell soil mixtures so that the integrity of the design will not be compromised by seasonal change. This project uses laboratory tests to investigate the effects of freeze-thaw cycles and sediment input on the infiltration rates of three different bioretention cell soil mixtures. These results will provide an analog for long-term changes in bioretention cell infiltration rates due to freeze-thaw cycles, providing critical data on which soil mixture would be best implemented in geographic regions susceptible to freeze-thaw activity. Furthermore these iv results will inform design standards for bioretention cells to ensure their long-term performance.
An Overview on Adverse Drug Reactions (ADR) And Its Biomarkers

: Adverse drug reactions (ADR) are a significant public health issue for both individuals and society. In developed nations, adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are among the top 10 leading causes of illness and death. ADRs are a public health issue though since they cause 5-10% of hospitalizations and lengthen hospital stays . ADRs are between the fourth and sixth most common causes of death in some nations. Factors contributing to adverse drug reactions are age, sex, polypharmacy, pharmacogenetics, previous exposure etc. ADRs are classified into various categories depending upon their effect. Scales specifically designed for the identification of an ADR which includes Naranjo Scale Development,The WHO-UMC causality assessment system,Hartwig’s Severity Assessment Scale. Adverse drug reactions also represent a financial burden to both healthcare providers and the pharmaceutical industry. Thus, a number of stakeholders would benefit from development of new, robust biomarkers for the prediction, diagnosis, and prognostication of adverse drug reactions. There has been significant recent progress in identifying predictive genomic biomarkers with the potential to be used in clinical settings to reduce the burden of adverse drug reactions. These have included biomarkers that can be used to alter drug dose (for example, Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) and azathioprine dose) and drug choice. The latter have in particular included human leukocyte antigen (HLA) biomarkers which identify susceptibility to immune-mediated injuries to major organs such as skin, liver, and bone marrow from a variety of drugs.
Advances in the Genetics of Congenital Heart Disease A

Our understanding of the genetics of congenital heart disease (CHD) is rapidly expanding; however, many questions, particularly those relating to sporadic forms of disease, remain unanswered. Massively parallel sequencing technology has made signi ﬁ cant contributions to the ﬁ eld, both from a diagnostic perspective for patients and, importantly, also from the perspective of disease mechanism. The importance of de novo variation in sporadic disease is a recent highlight, and the genetic link between heart and brain development has been established. Furthermore, evidence of an underlying burden of genetic variation contributing to sporadic and familial forms of CHD has been identi ﬁ ed. Although we are still unable to identify the cause of CHD for most patients, recent ﬁ ndings have provided us with a much clearer understanding of the types of variants and their individual contributions and collectively mark an important milestone in our understanding of both familial and sporadic forms of disease. (J Am Coll Cardiol 2017;69:859 – 70) © 2017 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier. All rights reserved.
Notch-Mediated Epigenetic Regulation of Voltage-Gated Potassium Currents.

RATIONALE Ventricular arrhythmias often arise from the Purkinje-myocyte junction and are a leading cause of sudden cardiac death. Notch activation reprograms cardiac myocytes to an induced Purkinje-like state characterized by prolonged action potential duration and expression of Purkinje-enriched genes. OBJECTIVE To understand the mechanism by which canonical Notch signaling causes action potential prolongation. METHODS AND RESULTS We find that endogenous Purkinje cells have reduced peak K+ current, Ito, and IK,slow when compared with ventricular myocytes. Consistent with partial reprogramming toward a Purkinje-like phenotype, Notch activation decreases peak outward K+ current density, as well as the outward K+ current components Ito,f and IK,slow. Gene expression studies in Notch-activated ventricles demonstrate upregulation of Purkinje-enriched genes Contactin-2 and Scn5a and downregulation of K+ channel subunit genes that contribute to Ito,f and IK,slow. In contrast, inactivation of Notch signaling results in increased cell size commensurate with increased K+ current amplitudes and mimics physiological hypertrophy. Notch-induced changes in K+ current density are regulated at least in part via transcriptional changes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrates dynamic RBP-J (recombination signal binding protein for immunoglobulin kappa J region) binding and loss of active histone marks on K+ channel subunit promoters with Notch activation, and similar transcriptional and epigenetic changes occur in a heart failure model. Interestingly, there is a differential response in Notch target gene expression and cellular electrophysiology in left versus right ventricular cardiac myocytes. CONCLUSIONS In summary, these findings demonstrate a novel mechanism for regulation of voltage-gated potassium currents in the setting of cardiac pathology and may provide a novel target for arrhythmia drug design.
Content-Based Recommendation System For Skin Care Products Based On Skin Disease And Skin Type

— The recommendation method for skin care products in this research article is content-based and is based on the integration of skin illness detection and skin type classification. To correctly identify the precise skin condition a person is suffering from, the system first employs an effective skin disease recognition model that has been trained on 16 prevalent skin diseases. The user’s skin type is also determined using a Bauman skin type indicator model, which takes into account characteristics including oily, dry, pigmented, non-pigmented, sensitive, resistant, wrinkled, and non-wrinkled skin. The recommendation system makes appropriate skin care product recommendations based on the useful information gleaned from skin disease detection and skin type classification.The recommendation method offers individualised and targeted recommendations by taking into account both the skin illness and skin type. The integration of disease detection, skin type classification, and content-based recommendation techniques enhances the accuracy and relevance of the recommendations.
Fibrous Dysplasia: A Case Report

Fibrous dysplasia is a rare benign bone tumor. It has the potential to demonstrate malignant transformation. Fibrous dysplasia occurs when normal bone tissue is replaced by fibrous tissue. The most common locations in the maxillofacial region are the maxilla and mandible. Fibrous dysplasia is divided into monostotic and polyostotic forms. If involvement is observed in more than one bone, it is called polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, if involvement is observed in a single bone, it is called monostotic fibrous dysplasia. Monostotic type fibrous dysplasia accounts for 75% of cases. There are many syndromes in which polyostotic fibrous dysplasia is seen. The best known of these are McCune Albright syndrome, Jaffe-Lichtenstein syndrome and Mazabraud syndrome.
Water Shortages: Cause of Water Safety in Sub-Saharan Africa

This chapter highlights a high rate of water crisis across sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) despite its huge hydro-potential. Factors contributing to water stress include rainfall deficit and drought, increased water requirements, population growth, urbanization, and poverty. Coupled with the uneven distribution of water resources and mismanagement of water facilities, the gap between the demand for water and available supply has deepened. This has led almost half of the SSA population to drink water from unprotected sources. Moreover, many millions travel far distances and spend several hours daily to collect water. Children and women are mainly involved in water collection. The growing scarcity of water in Africa has a negative impact on economic growth. Besides, water shortages are at the heart of many social crises in SSA and have become directly or indirectly the first cause of death in Africa linked to waterborne diseases. The prevailing water-related diseases include malaria, typhoid fever, cholera, poliomyelitis, etc. To attain the African agenda 2063, national governments in SSA need a multidisciplinary approach integrating, supervising informal settlements of the population in urban and peri-urban areas; improving water storage capacity; increasing irrigation potential for agriculture; and having a good understanding of the epidemiology of waterborne diseases.
HELM: Navigating Homomorphic Encryption through Gates and Lookup Tables

As cloud computing continues to gain widespread adoption, safeguarding the confidentiality of data entrusted to third-party cloud service providers becomes a critical concern. While traditional encryption methods offer protection for data at rest and in transit, they fall short when it comes to where it matters the most, i.e., during data processing. To address this limitation, we present HELM, a framework for privacy-preserving data processing using homomorphic encryption. HELM automatically transforms arbitrary programs expressed in a Hardware Description Language (HDL), such as Verilog, into equivalent homomorphic circuits, which can then be efficiently evaluated using encrypted inputs. HELM features two modes of encrypted evaluation: a) a gate mode that consists of standard Boolean gates, and b) a lookup table mode which significantly reduces the size of the circuit by combining multiple gates into lookup tables. Finally, HELM introduces a scheduler that enables embarrassingly parallel processing in the encrypted domain. We evaluate HELM with the ISCAS’85 and ISCAS’89 benchmark suites as well as real-world applications such as AES and image filtering. Our results outperform prior works by up to 65 × .
Why people travel? examining perceived benefits of tourism

This research attempted to examine the effects of perceived tourism benefits on travel behavior based on the model of attitude importance. The results showed that the three factors of perceived tourism benefits – experiential, health, and relaxation benefits, had positive albeit weak effects on travel behavior through attitude importance, while the direct effects of the three benefit factors on travel behavior were not supported, which indicates that the tourism industry can encourage people to travel more by convincing them taking vacations is beneficial.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Provincial official turnover and bank loans

Based on the turnover data of provincial party committee secretaries in China between 2000 and 2008, we find that the loan increment of local SOEs (state-owned enterprises) decreases by 18.9% in turnover years. We also document increased efficiency of long-term loans in turnover years. The effects of provincial leader turnover on bank loans only exist for local SOEs in eastern regions and more marketized provinces. Local officials have less of a political incentive to exert influence on bank credit allocation in turnover years, and therefore banks act as more effective intermediaries in optimizing credit allocation and improving the efficiency of loans.
The Impact of Curriculum Leadership of College English Teachers on Student Engagement in Flipped Classroom Model

: The deep integration of information technology and subject teaching is an innovative driving force for promoting the high-quality development of education and building an educational power. As a key influencing factor of student engagement, teachers' curriculum leadership plays an important role in improving the effectiveness of flipped classroom. The study, based on the four dimensional (i.e. behavioral, agentic, cognitive, and emotional) conceptualization of student engagement, explores the impact of English teacher curriculum leadership on student engagement in flipped classroom model. The findings of the study are as follows: (1) Under the flipped classroom model, English teachers' curriculum leadership is generally at a moderate level, and their leadership in resource integration and evaluation & reflection needs to be improved. (2) Students in flipped classroom had good overall performance in terms of behavioral, agentic, cognitive, and emotional engagements, but their agentic engagement still needed to be strengthened. (3) There is a significant positive correlation between English teacher curriculum leadership and student engagement. Based on these results, the article puts forward suggestions for promoting students' high-quality engagement from such aspects as special leadership improvement activities, co-constructed digital resources between teachers and students, and multi-channel evaluation and reflection, aiming at effectively exerting teachers' curriculum leadership, and thereby enhancing the effectiveness of flipped classrooms.
Moving ahead with REDD: issues, options and implications

Eited by A ild A nelsen Moving Ahead with REDD Issues, Options and Implications Mving Aead ith REDD Isues, O pions nd Im plitions REDD (reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation) is based on a simple idea: pay developing countries to reduce CO2 emissions from the forest sector. Nevertheless, design and implementation of a REDD system raise many hard questions: How are emissions reductions monitored, reported and veri ed? How should REDD be nanced? Should payments be directed to countries, projects, or both? How should reference levels be set? How are non-permanence and leakage accounted? How to achieve REDD co-bene ts and avoid doing harm?
Network pharmacology of Angelica and Salvia in combination to modulate iron death against diabetic peripheral neuropathy

: Using network pharmacology to investigate the molecular mechanism of action of Angelica sinensis and Salvia miltiorrhiza in modulating iron death against diabetic peripheral neuropathy. The TCMSP database was used to obtain the active ingredients of Angelica sinensis and Salvia miltiorrhiza; the SwissTargetPrediction database was used to obtain the targets of each active ingredient. The GeneCards, DrugBank, and OMIM databases were used to obtain the targets of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Venn online tool was used to obtain the common targets of Angelica and Dan involved in diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed using R language. The FerrDb database was used to obtain iron death-related gene targets, and the relationship between Angelica, Salvia, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and iron death was obtained. Sixty-seven active ingredients of Angelica sinensis and Salvia miltiorrhiza were obtained, and 10 gene targets of Angelica sinensis and Salvia miltiorrhiza were predicted to regulate iron death against diabetic peripheral neuropathy. The anti-diabetic peripheral neuropathy effect was achieved by regulating the iron death process through signaling pathways such as the HIF-1 signaling pathway, micro RNA, and IL-17 signaling, to investigate the multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway features of Angelica sinensis and Salvia miltiorrhiza in regulating iron death against diabetic peripheral neuropathy using network pharmacology, and to investigate the possible gene targets and signaling pathways of Angelica sinensis and Salvia miltiorrhiza in regulating iron death against diabetic peripheral neuropathy