Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Information Infrastructure Centrality in the Agile Organization

Abstract Modern organizations face increasing pressure to find new ways to compete effectively in a dynamic global market. Many firms are turning to E-commerce and virtual structures, such as virtual organizations and virtual teams, to improve organizational agility and to expand globally. These solutions elevate the importance of information flow within the firm and among firm partners. New technologies are emerging at a rapid pace to support this increased flow of information. As organizations grow to depend upon these new technologies, their opportunities to expand into new geographic regions might be limited by the ability of the remote information infrastructure to support the organization's modernized requirements. Thus, firms seeking to improve their ability to compete globally might actually impede future expansion.
Sesquiterpenoids from the Herb of Leonurus japonicus

Two new sesquiterpenoids, (−)-(1S*,2S*,3R*)-3-ethoxycupar-5-ene-1,2-diol (1) and (−)-(1S*,4S*,9S*)-1,9-epoxybisabola-2,10-diene-4-ol (2), along with six known compounds 3−8, were isolated from the EtOH extract of the herb of Leonurus japonicus. Their structures were elucidated by physical and spectroscopic analysis. In the in vitro assays, compounds 7 and 8 showed obvious antibacterial activity against several bacteria strains, while compound 3 significantly inhibited abnormal increase of platelet aggregation induced by ADP.
The Phantom Gender Difference in the College Wage Premium

A growing literature seeks to explain why so many more women than men now attend college. A commonly cited stylized fact is that the college wage premium is, and has been, higher for women than for men. After identifying and correcting a bias in estimates of college wage premiums, I find that there has been essentially no gender difference in the college wage premium for at least a decade. A similar pattern appears in quantile wage regressions and for advanced degree wage premiums.
Multimodality Intracoronary Imaging With Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Intravascular Ultrasound in Asymptomatic Individuals With High Calcium Scores

Background— This study sought to determine the frequency of large lipid-rich plaques (LRP) in the coronary arteries of individuals with high coronary artery calcium scores (CACS) and to determine whether the CACS correlates with coronary lipid burden. Methods and Results— Combined near-infrared spectroscopy and intravascular ultrasound was performed in 57 vessels in 20 asymptomatic individuals (90% on statins) with no prior history of coronary artery disease who had a screening CACS ≥300 Agatston units. Among 268 10-mm coronary segments, near-infrared spectroscopy images were analyzed for LRP, defined as a bright yellow block on the near-infrared spectroscopy block chemogram. Lipid burden was assessed as the lipid core burden index (LCBI), and large LRP were defined as a maximum LCBI in 4 mm ≥400. Vessel plaque volume was measured by quantitative intravascular ultrasound. Vessel-level CACS significantly correlated with plaque volume by intravascular ultrasound (r=0.69; P<0.0001) but not with LCBI by near-infrared spectroscopy (r=0.24; P=0.07). Despite a high CACS, no LRP was detected in 8 (40.0%) subjects. Large LRP having a maximum LCBI in 4 mm ≥400 were infrequent, found in only 5 (25.0%) of 20 subjects and in only 5 (1.9%) of 268 10-mm coronary segments analyzed. Conclusions— Among individuals with a CACS ≥300 Agatston units mostly on statins, CACS correlated with total plaque volume but not LCBI. This observation may have implications on coronary risk among individuals with a high CACS considering that it is coronary LRP, rather than calcification, that underlies the majority of acute coronary events.
Satellite inventory of Minnesota forest resources

The methods and results of using Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data to classify and estimate the acreage of forest covertypes in northeastern Minnesota are described. Portions of six TM scenes covering five counties with a total area of 14,679 square miles were classified into six forest and five nonforest classes. The approach involved the integration of cluster sampling, image processing, and estimation. Using cluster sampling, 343 plots, each 88 acres in size, were photo interpreted and field mapped as a source of reference data for classifier training and calibration of the TM data classifications. Classification accuracies of up to 75 percent were achieved; most misclassification was between similar or related classes. An inverse method of calibration, based on the error rates obtained from the classifications of the cluster plots, was used to adjust the classification class proportions for classification errors. The resulting area estimates for total forest land in the five-county area were within 3 percent of the estimate made independently by the USDA Forest Service. Area estimates for conifer and hardwood forest types were within 0.8 and 6.0 percent respectively, of the Forest Service estimates. A trial of a second method of estimating the same classes as the Forest Service resulted in standard errors of 0.002 to 0.015. A study of the use of multidate TM data for change detection showed that forest canopy depletion, canopy increment, and no change could be identified with greater than 90 percent accuracy. The project results have been the basis for the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources and the Forest Service to define and begin to implement an annual system of forest inventory which utilizes Landsat TM data to detect changes in forest cover.
Airborne Pollen: A Unique Air Mass Tracer, Its Influx to the Canadian High Arctic

A study of pollen grain concentration in surface snow and ice cores at 15 sites in the Canadian high Arctic and one site near the tree line, together with published pollen deposition rates south of the tree line has shown long-range dispersal of pollen from the boreal forest to the limits of our area on the Arctic Ocean close to Svalbard and the North Pole. There are no discernible trends of deposition rates within the high Arctic which suggests extremely long trajectories with strong zonal components; some of the pollen may have an Eurasian source. We relate the trajectories to synoptic patterns in the mid- and high Arctic.
Perturbations of continuum random Schrödinger operators with applications to Anderson orthogonality and the spectral shift function

We study effects of a bounded and compactly supported perturbation on multi-dimensional continuum random Schr\"odinger operators in the region of complete localisation. Our main emphasis is on Anderson orthogonality for random Schr\"odinger operators. Among others, we prove that Anderson orthogonality does occur for Fermi energies in the region of complete localisation with a non-zero probability. This partially confirms recent non-rigorous findings [V. Khemani et al., Nature Phys. 11, 560-565 (2015)]. The spectral shift function plays an important role in our analysis of Anderson orthogonality. We identify it with the index of the corresponding pair of spectral projections and explore the consequences thereof. All our results rely on the main technical estimate of this paper which guarantees separate exponential decay of the disorder-averaged Schatten $p$-norm of $\chi_{a}(f(H) - f(H^{\tau})) \chi_{b}$ in $a$ and $b$. Here, $H^{\tau}$ is a perturbation of the random Schr\"odinger operator $H$, $\chi_{a}$ is the multiplication operator corresponding to the indicator function of a unit cube centred about $a\in\mathbb{R}^{d}$, and $f$ is in a suitable class of functions of bounded variation with distributional derivative supported in the region of complete localisation for $H$.
A Guide to Monte Carlo Simulations in Statistical Physics

Dealing with all aspects of Monte Carlo simulation of complex physical systems encountered in condensed matter physics and statistical mechanics, this book provides an introduction to computer simulations in physics. The 5th edition contains extensive new material describing numerous powerful algorithms and methods that represent recent developments in the field. New topics such as active matter and machine learning are also introduced. Throughout, there are many applications, examples, recipes, case studies, and exercises to help the reader fully comprehend the material. This book is ideal for graduate students and researchers, both in academia and industry, who want to learn techniques that have become a third tool of physical science, complementing experiment and analytical theory.
Online Marketing for Media: The Case of Greek News Websites

Nowadays it is quite easy to create a news website and start promoting it online. However, the structure of a significant amount of news websites seems to have been changing, often deviating from trends of past years or even setting their own marketing direction. Based on seven hypotheses related with online marketing characteristics, the researchers gathered data from articles posted on Greek news websites that reported three major events. After visiting the websites for a second time in order to compare the data, they calculated our results. These results show a clearer picture of how the situation currently is for the top twenty Greek news websites according to Αlexa. com. This paper also highlights newer trends in online news reporting, such as the elimination of the “like” button in favour of the shares, and also makes suggestions for further research.
Evolution of MRSA During Hospital Transmission and Intercontinental Spread

MRSA, Close and Personal Methods for differentiating pathogen isolates are essential for understanding their evolution and spread, as well as for the formulation of effective clinical strategies. Current typing methods for bacterial pathogens focus on a limited set of characteristics providing data with limited resolving power. Harris et al. (p. 469) used a high-throughput genome sequencing approach to show that isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are precisely differentiated into a global geographic structure. The findings suggest that intercontinental transmission has occurred for nearly four decades. The method could also detect individual person-to-person transmission events of MRSA within a hospital environment. By tracing the microevolution of a pathogen, high-throughput genomics reveals person-to-person transmission events. Current methods for differentiating isolates of predominant lineages of pathogenic bacteria often do not provide sufficient resolution to define precise relationships. Here, we describe a high-throughput genomics approach that provides a high-resolution view of the epidemiology and microevolution of a dominant strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). This approach reveals the global geographic structure within the lineage, its intercontinental transmission through four decades, and the potential to trace person-to-person transmission within a hospital environment. The ability to interrogate and resolve bacterial populations is applicable to a range of infectious diseases, as well as microbial ecology.
Localization and Mapping with Moving Object Tracking in Dynamic Outdoor Environments with new Demonstrator Data

In this paper, we present a real-time algorithm for online simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) with detection and tracking of moving objects (DATMO) in dynamic outdoor environments from a moving vehicle equipped with laser sensor and odometry. To correct vehicle location from odometry we introduce a new fast implementation of incremental scan matching method that can work reliably in dynamic outdoor environments. After a good vehicle location is estimated, the surrounding map is updated incrementally and moving objects are detected without a priori knowledge of the targets. Detected moving objects are finally tracked using Global Nearest Neighborhood (GNN) method. The experimental results on dataset collected from INTERSAFE-2 demonstrator for typical scenario show the effectiveness of this technique.
Statistical machine translation

Statistical machine translation (SMT) treats the translation of natural language as a machine learning problem. By examining many samples of human-produced translation, SMT algorithms automatically learn how to translate. SMT has made tremendous strides in less than two decades, and new ideas are constantly introduced. This survey presents a tutorial overview of the state of the art. We describe the context of the current research and then move to a formal problem description and an overview of the main subproblems: translation modeling, parameter estimation, and decoding. Along the way, we present a taxonomy of some different approaches within these areas. We conclude with an overview of evaluation and a discussion of future directions.
The role of forests in Swedish media responses to climate change

Forest policy making depends on the perceptions of forests in the media. Media affects different parts of the policy process, e.g. the formulation and the implementation of policies. Departing from Habermas' description of media as mobilising and grouping relevant issues (2006) the thesis explores the perceptions of forests at the case of climate change in mass media and sectoral media. Climate change is one of the global challenges that are expected to affect forest use, as forests are connected to both mitigation and adaptation. To capture the perceptions of forests in the media, frame analysis is used in this thesis. Two analyses are carried out; first a quantitative analysis focusing on the mobilisation of the forest-climate nexus in mass media and second a qualitative analysis focusing on the cognitive integration of bioenergy policy in the agricultural, energy and forest sectors. The three sectors were chosen for their connections to the production of bioenergy. The policy on bioenergy is analysed as it is considered part of Swedish climate policy. The results show that forests in relation to climate change are perceived differently in the two analyses. The quantitative frame analysis of mass media inspired by Benford & Snow (2000) shows that forests are framed as a victim of climate change. This can be compared to the qualitative frame analysis a la Schon & Rein (1994) applied to the debate on bioenergy from forest products in sectoral media where bioenergy is framed primarily as an economic opportunity. The difference in how forests are framed can result from the media format or the issue as such (bioenergy or forest-climate change nexus). The support of climate policies and the strength of the different roles of forests in the analysis are difficult to compare as the results are obtained through different analyses. However, the results show that forests are perceived as an economic opportunity and as a part of nature. The diverging perceptions of forests in climate change require policy making processes that are able to handle these frame conflicts.
Some issues in the yield regulation of moist tropical forests

Yield regulation is a central concept in sustainable forest management. Yield usually implies standing volume commercial timber, but can include non-timber products. Allowable cut is the harvest corresponding to sustainable yield. Felling damage must be allowed for in calculating this. Mean annual increment (MAI) is often confused with current or periodic increment, whilst different volume equations, diameter limits, and the gross or net increment can further confuse the issue. MAI is not sustainable yield as the forest is not normal and felling damage must be allowed for. Yield regulation is not sufficiently defined by the classical concepts of felling cycle and minimum felling diameter. Felling cycle does not have a definite optimum in mixed forest, whilst diameter limit alone is too simple a criterion for management. Tropical forests are spatially and structurally diverse, and practically, MAI and annual allowable cut can only be estimated by simulation or stand projection. This should be done stand by stand, with a further calculation to then determine felling series by cutting parts or aggregates of stands. A strategy is discussed for simplifying these steps and applying it where only static inventory data is available, using tabulated data and simplified modeling tools.
Mechanisms driving woody encroachment in the tallgrass prairie: an analysis of fire behavior and physiological integration

Woody encroachment has altered the vegetative structure of grasslands worldwide and represents a potentially irreversible shift in grassland dynamics and biodiversity. Clonal woody species appear to be one of the greatest contributors to the shift from graminoid to woody dominance in the tallgrass prairie. Part of the high success rate of clonal species may be attributed to an ability to circumvent recruitment filters through the integration of environmental heterogeneity and acropetal translocation of resources from mother to daughter ramets. The clonal shrub Cornus drummondii persists in a tension zone of the graminoid-dominated tallgrass prairie, where the dominance structure is primarily maintained through the direct and indirect effects of fire. The competitive displacement of native herbaceous vegetation associated with the establishment and expansion of C. drummondii causes a major alteration in the fuel dynamics responsible for the propagation and sustainment of fire, potentially contributing to biofeedback mechanisms that facilitate shrub expansion. The goal of this research was to quantify fire behavior parameters (temperature, intensity, rate of spread, and heat flux) in relation to C. drummondii invasions and to test physiological integration as a mechanism driving encroachment, using manipulation experiments at the Konza Prairie Biological Station. We observed a significant decrease in fireline intensity associated with the encroachment of C. drummondii, which was amplified by the effects of stem density and shrub island area. This alteration in fire behavior also led to reduced heat flux at stems within shrub islands, reducing the likelihood of tissue necrosis and top-kill. With additional fuel, temperatures and fire intensities were higher, similar to open grasslands. In severing rhizomes, and effectively severing the integration of clonal ramets, we observed a higher risk of mortality of daughter ramets. These rhizome severed ramets were more water stressed, had lower photosynthetic rates, and lower woody and foliar biomass production. These results indicate that C. drummondii significantly alters fire behavior, releasing ramets from the fire trap of successive top-killing, while the integration of intraclonal ramets allows daughter ramets to survive mid-summer drought and increases the likelihood of successful establishment and further clonal reproduction.
Middle Paleolithic Hominin Lake Environments in Saharan North Africa

v LIST OF TABLES . viii LIST OF FIGURES . ix CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION . 1 CHAPTER TWO: BIR TARFAWI AND CLIMATE CHANGE . 7 Bir Tarfawi Description . 7 Saharan Climate Change . 8 Holocene Wet Phases in the Egyptian Western Desert . 14 Pleistocene Wet Phases . 17 Bir Tarfawi . 17 CHAPTER THREE: HOMININS AND CLIMATE . 21 Holocene Hominins in the Western Desert . 21 Pleistocene Hominins in the Western Desert and East Africa . 23 East African Sites . 24 Movement Out of East Africa . 25 Bir Tarfawi Sites . 26 Discussion . 28 CHAPTER FOUR: STABLE ISOTOPE ANALYSIS . 30 Fractionation . 31
Response of several Tree Species to Management on Degraded Soil of Semi-arid Region

A field experiment on skeletally, degraded forest land of a semi-arid region revealed that adoption of water harvesting technique coupled with preplant applicafion of 25 g each of urea and single superphosphate per plant increased the early growth of tree species of the 11 tree species tried, 7 responded dramatically to management. The increase in biomass yield varied from 5 times to 22 times The most suitable tree species, in order of their performance, on these wastelands were P. pterocarpum, E comaldulensis, A. planifrons, A. nilotica, C. pentandra, A. lebbek and A. leucnophloea . Root growth of these tree species also increased many folds owing to the management treatment.
Thermodynamic Prediction of Protein Neutrality

We present a simple theory that uses thermo-dynamic parameters to predict the probability that a protein will retain function after one or more random amino acid substitutions. Our theory predicts that for large numbers of substitutions , the probability that a protein retains function will decline exponentially with the number of substitutions, with the severity of this decline determined by the protein's structure. Our theory also predicts that a protein can gain extra robustness to the first few substitutions by increasing its thermodynamic stability. We validate our theory with simulations on lattice protein models and by showing that it quantitatively predicts previously published experimental measurements on sub-tilisin and our own measurements on variants of TEM1 β-lactamase. Our work unifies observations about the clustering of functional proteins in sequence space, and provides a basis for interpreting the response of proteins to substitutions in protein engineering applications.
Similarities in understory vegetation composition between unthinned, thinned and old-growth Douglas fir stands in western Oregon

approved: Paul S. Doescher Forest stands were studied to determine if old-growth forest structure could be mimicked in younger stands via overstory manipulation. Cover and species composition of understory plants were systematically sampled in sixteen thinned second-growth stands and sixteen adjacent unthinned second-growth Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirabel) Franco. ) stands. The stands were thinned twenty-four to thirteen years ago. These were compared to seven nearby oldgrowth stands. Thinned and unthinned stands had matching elevations, aspect, and soils, yet differed primarily in management treatment. Leaf area indices were determined for these stands. Thinned stands differed from the old-growth and unthinned stands in having significantly higher cover values and species numbers, apparently resulting from increased light to the forest floor and a greater variety of microhabitats created by thinning. Young unthinned and oldgrowth stands were comparable in terms of cover and richness, but differed in species composition. Diversity Redacted for Privacy indices showed no difference in species diversity between the three types of stands. Ordination of the species/sample data using Detrended Correspondence Analysis showed that understory species composition of the young unthinned and thinned stands was nearly identical. Species composition of old-growth stands differed from thinned and unthinned stands. The ordination indicated that age of the stands, structure of the canopy layers and climate were major determining factors in the species composition of the understory plant communities. Management manipulation of the second growth stands did not yield stands with understory vegetation communities that mimicked those of old-growth stands. The conclusions of this study were: 1) Shrub cover increased with thinning as compared to unthinned and old-growth stands. 2) Thinning increased the species richness of the stands, without increasing the number of exotics. 3) Diversity was not altered by thinning. Old-growth, thinned and unthinned stands did not differ in diversity values. 4) Patterns of community composition in thinned stands were more similar to unthinned equivalent stands than to nearby old-growth. Copyright by Cheryl Mayrsohn September 13, 1995 All Rights Reserved Similarities in Understory Vegetation Composition between Unthinned, Thinned and Old-growth Douglas Fir Stands in