Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GLOBULAR CLUSTERS IN THE OUTER GALACTIC HALO: NEW HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE/ADVANCED CAMERA FOR SURVEYS IMAGING OF SIX GLOBULAR CLUSTERS AND THE GALACTIC GLOBULAR CLUSTER AGE–METALLICITY RELATION

Color–magnitude diagrams (CMDs) derived from Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Advanced Camera for Surveys F606W, F814W photometry of six globular clusters (GCs) are presented. The six GCs form two loose groupings in Galactocentric distance (RGC): IC 4499, NGC 6426, and Ruprecht 106 at ∼15–20 kpc and NGC 7006, Palomar 15, and Pyxis at ∼40 kpc. The CMDs allow the ages to be estimated from the main-sequence turnoff in every case. In addition, the age of Palomar 5 (RGC ∼ 18 kpc) is estimated using archival HST Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 V, I photometry. The age analysis reveals the following: IC 4499, Ruprecht 106, and Pyxis are 1–2 Gyr younger than inner halo GCs with similar metallicities; NGC 7006 and Palomar 5 are marginally younger than their inner halo counterparts; NGC 6426 and Palomar 15, the two most metal-poor GCs in the sample, are coeval with all the other metal-poor GCs within the uncertainties. Combined with our previous efforts, the current sample provides strong evidence that the Galactic GC age–metallicity relation consists of two distinct branches. One suggests a rapid chemical enrichment in the inner Galaxy while the other suggests prolonged GC formation in the outer halo. The latter is consistent with the outer halo GCs forming in dwarf galaxies and later being accreted by the Milky Way.
Aggregation of Simple Linear Dynamics: Exact Asymptotic Results

his paper deal with aggregation of AR(1) micro variables driven by a common and idiosyncratic shock with random coefficients. We provide a rigorous analysis, based on results on sums of r.v. 's with a possibly finite first moment, of the aggregate variance and spectral density, as the number of micro units tends to infinity. If the AR coefficients lie below a critical away from unity, the aggregate process may exhibit infinite variance and long memory. Surprisingly, if the key parameter of the density function of the AR coefficients lies below a critical value (high density near unity), common and idiosyncratic components have the same importance in explaining aggregate variance, whereas the usual result, i.e. a vanishing importance of the idiosyncratic component, is obtained when the parameter lies above the critical value (low density near unity). Empirical analysis relative to major U.S. macroeconomic series, both in previous literature and in this paper, provides estimates of the parameter below the critical value.
Parental Influence in Sharp Objects and The Silent Patient

This article employs Erikson's theory of psychosocial development to explore parental involvement through personality development in select novels. Parent-child relationships pose the most important need for a child's development. Children learn to understand the world around them only through parenting / care. Gillian Flynn’s The Sharp Objects and Alex Michaelides’ The Silent Patient are one of the modern thrillers of the current period. Here, both the authors paid the utmost attention in creating the characters with the postmodern details that makes the readers grasp the trauma faced by the characters. The female protagonists in the novels are found to face trauma created by their own parents. Here it brings out the importance of the parents guiding their children in order to appear as a better version in the eyes of the society and to self. Parents/caretakers become the anchor of every child out here. It also emphasises the value of a developmental systems perspective, in which parents and caregivers are structurally and functionally fused in a multidimensional system that includes biological, social, and historical areas of organisation. As the protagonist's horrific experiences demonstrate, diversity is a major substantive element of parenting behaviour.
Integration of p16/HPV DNA Status with a 24-miRNA-Defined Molecular Phenotype Improves Clinically Relevant Stratification of Head and Neck Cancer Patients

Simple Summary Human papillomavirus (HPV)-driven head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), regarded as a distinct clinical entity, are characterized by a considerably favourable prognosis after radio(chemo)therapy and a not yet fully understood distinct molecular pathogenesis. We aimed to develop a miRNA-signature that identifies HPV-associated HNSCC according to their specific molecular pathogenesis, and to characterise the transcriptome compared to HPV-negative HNSCC. We performed miRNA expression profiling of n = 229 HPV characterized HNSCC specimens of patients treated by adjuvant radio(chemo) therapy. Using lasso-regression, a 24-miRNA signature predicting HPV-status was built in a multicentre cohort and validated in a single-centre cohort. Its combination with p16/HPV DNA status improved clinically relevant risk stratification, allowed the identification of an HPV-associated patient subgroup with impaired overall survival, and might be considered for future clinical decision-making. miRNA-transcriptome integration identified HPV-specific signaling pathways. Abstract Human papillomavirus (HPV)-driven head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) generally have a more favourable prognosis. We hypothesized that HPV-associated HNSCC may be identified by an miRNA-signature according to their specific molecular pathogenesis, and be characterized by a unique transcriptome compared to HPV-negative HNSCC. We performed miRNA expression profiling of two p16/HPV DNA characterized HNSCC cohorts of patients treated by adjuvant radio(chemo)therapy (multicentre DKTK-ROG n = 128, single-centre LMU-KKG n = 101). A linear model predicting HPV status built in DKTK-ROG using lasso-regression was tested in LMU-KKG. LMU-KKG tumours (n = 30) were transcriptome profiled for differential gene expression and miRNA-integration. A 24-miRNA signature predicted HPV-status with 94.53% accuracy (AUC: 0.99) in DKTK-ROG, and 86.14% (AUC: 0.86) in LMU-KKG. The prognostic values of 24-miRNA- and p16/HPV DNA status were comparable. Combining p16/HPV DNA and 24-miRNA status allowed patient sub-stratification and identification of an HPV-associated patient subgroup with impaired overall survival. HPV-positive tumours showed downregulated MAPK, Estrogen, EGFR, TGFbeta, WNT signaling activity. miRNA-mRNA integration revealed HPV-specific signaling pathway regulation, including PD−L1 expression/PD−1 checkpoint pathway in cancer in HPV-associated HNSCC. Integration of clinically established p16/HPV DNA with 24-miRNA signature status improved clinically relevant risk stratification, which might be considered for future clinical decision-making with respect to treatment de-escalation in HPV-associated HNSCC.
Lesiones por sobreuso en el deportista: una necesaria actualización en su conceptualización

La conocida complejidad y diversidad de factores asociados a los cuadros de dolor musculoesquelético por sobreuso, la elevada prevalencia de estos cuadros y la escasa investigación disponible en relación con el modelo multidimensional del dolor en el ámbito de la medicina del deporte, hacen necesaria una actualización de los marcos conceptuales clásicos de investigación, razonamiento y tratamiento del deportista con dolor.
Effects of Various Numbers of Runs on the Success of Hamstring Injury Prevention Program in Sprinters

Studies have not adequately addressed the influence of fatigue, which is considered a major risk factor for hamstring injuries. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify how a muscle fatigue condition affects the success of hamstring injury prevention programs in sprinters. The study subjects were 613 collegiate male sprinters. They employed submaximal/maximal running for a large number of runs and supramaximal running for a small number of runs in daily training. The hamstring injury prevention program had become the most effective strategy in the past 24 seasons of track and field for preventing hamstring injuries. The number of sprinters who experienced hamstring injuries in three periods over the 24 seasons was recorded. The incidents of hamstring injuries during supramaximal running per athlete-seasons were 137.9, 60.6, and 6.7 for Periods I, II, and III, respectively, showing a significant decline (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the incidents of hamstring injuries during submaximal and maximal running per season showed no significant change. The results of this study indicate that by inducing muscle fatigue, a small number of runs makes hamstring injury prevention programs effective.
INTEGRAL - a status report

The ESA gamma-ray observatory INTEGRAL, launched on 17 October 2002, continues to produce a wealth of discoveries and new results on compact high energy Galactic objects, nuclear gamma-ray line emission, diffuse line and continuum emission, cosmic background radiation, AGN, high energy transients and sky surveys. The observing programme, fully open to the scientific community at large, is built from the community's feedback to the Announcements of Opportunity, issued about once per year. The mission's technical status is healthy and INTEGRAL is continuing its scientific operations well beyond its 5-year technical design lifetime. This paper will briefly summarize the overall current status.
Predicting Distribution of the Asian Longhorned Beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and Its Natural Enemies in China

Simple Summary The Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis, is a worldwide invasive creature that has invaded the world for more than 20 years. Although previous studies have predicted the distribution range of A. glabripennis, this single species distribution prediction cannot provide more potential management strategies for the control of invasive organisms. In this study, we incorporated two important natural enemies (D. helophoroides and D. major) of A. glabripennis into the prediction model. We found that climate change led to the northward migration of the suitable areas of A. glabripennis and its natural enemies. In China, only the occurrence regions of A. glabripennis are mainly distributed in parts of Xinjiang, Xizang, and Qinghai. In other occurrence regions of A. glabripennis, control models of A. glabripennis + D. helophoroides, A. glabripennis + D. major, or A. glabripennis + D. helophoroides + D. major were found. Fortunately, part of the areas in Xinjiang, Xizang, and Qinghai are potentially suitable for D. helophoroides and D. major under future climatic conditions. Therefore, these two natural enemies may be used in these regions to control A. glabripennis in the future. Abstract The Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis, is a forestry pest found worldwide. A. glabripennis causes serious harm because of the lack of natural enemies in the invaded areas. Dastarcus helophoroides and Dendrocopos major are important natural enemies of A. glabripennis. MaxEnt was used to simulate the distribution of D. helophoroides and D. major in China, and their suitable areas were superimposed to pinpoint which regions are potentially appropriate to release or establish natural enemy populations under current and future conditions. The results showed that, with climate change, the suitable areas of D. helophoroides and D. major migrated northward; the centroid shift of A. glabripennis was greater than those of D. helophoroides and D. major. From current conditions to 2090, the suitable area of A. glabripennis, D. helophoroides, and D. major will increase by 1.44 × 104, 20.10 × 104, and 31.64 × 104 km2, respectively. Northern China (e.g., Xinjiang, Gansu, and Inner Mongolia), where A. glabripennis causes more serious damage, is also a potentially suitable area for D. helophoroides and D. major, and this provides a potential strategy for the management of A. glabripennis. Therefore, we suggest that natural enemies should be included in the model used for predicting suitable areas for invasive pests.
Children’s acquisition of negation in L1 Afrikaans

Afrikaans is a West Germanic language that originated in South Africa as a descendent of Dutch. It displays discontinuous sentential negation (SN), where negation is expressed by two phonologically identical negative particles that appear in two different positions in the sentence. The negation system is argued to be an innovation that came about through the reanalysis of a discourse-dependent (pragmatically conditioned) structure in Dutch, reinforced by proponents of the standardisation of Afrikaans who prescriptively imposed a negative concord structure onto the Dutch negation system. The Afrikaans negation system is therefore argued to be artificially created, making it crosslinguistically rare and syntactically complex, the latter possibly having a delaying effect on acquisition. This study investigates both the comprehension and production of negation by young child speakers of Afrikaans. Sentences containing negative indefinites (NIs) (niks ‘nothing’ and geen ‘no’/ ‘none’ with a final negative particle) are compared with those containing two negative particles (referred to as SN), which are syntactically less complex. We examined (1) whether the comprehension of sentences with NIs is more difficult to acquire than that of sentences using SN and (2) when and how negation is produced by young children. Data were collected through a picture selection task (comprehension) and recordings of spontaneous speech during free play (production). Results show that the comprehension of SN was acquired before that of NI, indicating that sentences containing NIs were indeed more difficult to comprehend than those containing SN. The production data showed that even the youngest participants (age 3;0) could produce grammatically well-formed negated constructions, but that errors occurred until age 4;3. In comparison with that found for other West Germanic languages, Afrikaans’ complex system of expressing negation seems to have a delaying effect on the comprehension of negation, specifically NIs, but not on production.
Myosin Transducer Inter-Strand Communication Is Critical for Normal ATPase Activity and Myofibril Structure

Simple Summary Myosin is a molecular motor protein that is critical for using stored energy to yield contraction in both skeletal muscle and in the heart. Mutations in myosin can result in inherited human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, wherein the heart walls become thickened. This results in inability to adequately pump enough oxygenated blood to meet bodily demands, and can lead to abnormal heart beating patterns and the possibility of sudden death. Typically, over-active myosin can be causative for this disease. Here, we used the common fruit fly to study one of these cardiomyopathy-causing mutations by expressing the mutant protein in the indirect flight muscle of the fly. Surprisingly, we found that the mutation and associated mutations decrease myosin and muscle function instead of enhancing it. We show that at least some of these defects result from improper interactions within the myosin protein. This suggests that appropriate communications within myosin are critical for its function and further indicates that certain aspects of indirect flight muscle myosin are functionally distinct from those of myosin in the human heart. By understanding the intricate interactions within the myosin motor protein that are important for its normal role, therapeutics for improving mutant myosin function can be developed. Abstract The R249Q mutation in human β-cardiac myosin results in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. We previously showed that inserting this mutation into Drosophila melanogaster indirect flight muscle myosin yields mechanical and locomotory defects. Here, we use transgenic Drosophila mutants to demonstrate that residue R249 serves as a critical communication link within myosin that controls both ATPase activity and myofibril integrity. R249 is located on a β-strand of the central transducer of myosin, and our molecular modeling shows that it interacts via a salt bridge with D262 on the adjacent β-strand. We find that disrupting this interaction via R249Q, R249D or D262R mutations reduces basal and actin-activated ATPase activity, actin in vitro motility and flight muscle function. Further, the R249D mutation dramatically affects myofibril assembly, yielding abnormalities in sarcomere lengths, increased Z-line thickness and split myofibrils. These defects are exacerbated during aging. Re-establishing the β-strand interaction via a R249D/D262R double mutation restores both basal ATPase activity and myofibril assembly, indicating that these properties are dependent upon transducer inter-strand communication. Thus, the transducer plays an important role in myosin function and myofibril architecture.
Fetus Cardiovasculler

Formation of the human heart involves complex biological signals, interactions, specification of myocardial progenitorcells, and heart tube looping. To facilitate survival in the hy poxemic intrauterine environment, the fetus possessesstructural, physiological, and functional cardiovascular adaptations that are fundamentally different from the neonate. The fetal circulation is considered to anatomical and biochemical changes in the cardiovascular system. This review article describes key cardiac progenitors involved in embryonic heart development; the cellular, physiological, and anatomical changes during the transition from fetal to neonatal circulation.
A scientific case for future X-ray Astronomy: Galaxy Clusters at high redshifts

Clusters of galaxies at high redshift (z>1) are vitally important to understand the evolution of the large scale structure of the Universe, the processes shaping galaxy populations and the cycle of the cosmic baryons, and to constrain cosmological parameters. After 13 years of operation of the Chandra and XMM-Newton satellites, the discovery and characterization of distant X-ray clusters is proceeding at a slow pace, due to the low solid angle covered so far, and the time-expensive observations needed to physically characterize their intracluster medium (ICM). At present, we know that at z>1 many massive clusters are fully virialized, their ICM is already enriched with metals, strong cool cores are already in place, and significant star formation is ongoing in their most massive galaxies, at least at z>1.4. Clearly, the assembly of a large and well characterized sample of high-z X-ray clusters is a major goal for the future. We argue that the only means to achieve this is a survey-optimized X-ray mission capable of offering large solid angle, high sensitivity, good spectral coverage, low background and angular resolution as good as 5 arcsec.
Adding Concomitant Chemotherapy to Postoperative Radiotherapy in Oral Cavity Carcinoma with Minor Risk Factors: Systematic Review of the Literature and Meta-Analysis

Simple Summary Oral cavity carcinoma (OCC) is the 11th most frequently diagnosed cancer; despite a multimodal treatment, locally advanced OCC, managed by surgery and adjuvant therapies, remains at high risk of recurrence, with a 5-year overall survival (OS) of 51%. The efficacy of postoperative chemotherapy in addition to radiotherapy (POCRT) in low–intermediate risk OCC is a controversial matter in the absence of high-risk features (ENE, R1). To establish the role of POCRT in a population with solely minor risk factors (perineural invasion or lymph vascular invasion; pN1 single; DOI ≥ 5 mm; close margin; node-positive level IV or V; pT3 or pT4; multiple lymph nodes without ENE), we performed a systematic review and meta-analyses focused on OS, disease-free survival (DFS), and local-recurrence-free survival (LRFS). Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the quantitative meta-analyses. Our preliminary results are in favor of POCRT in terms of OS but not conclusive for DFS and LRFS. Further analyses are suggested. Abstract When presenting with major pathological risk factors, adjuvant radio-chemotherapy for oral cavity cancers (OCC) is recommended, but the addition of chemotherapy to radiotherapy (POCRT) when only minor pathological risk factors are present is controversial. A systematic review following the PICO-PRISMA methodology (PROSPERO registration ID: CRD42021267498) was conducted using the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane libraries. Studies assessing outcomes of POCRT in patients with solely minor risk factors (perineural invasion or lymph vascular invasion; pN1 single; DOI ≥ 5 mm; close margin < 2–5 mm; node-positive level IV or V; pT3 or pT4; multiple lymph nodes without ENE) were evaluated. A meta-analysis technique with a single-arm study was performed. Radiotherapy was combined with chemotherapy in all studies. One study only included patients treated with POCRT. In the other 12 studies, patients were treated with only PORT (12,883 patients) and with POCRT (10,663 patients). Among the patients treated with POCRT, the pooled 3 year OS rate was 72.9% (95%CI: 65.5–79.2%); the pooled 3 year DFS was 70.9% (95%CI: 48.8–86.2%); and the pooled LRFS was 69.8% (95%CI: 46.1–86.1%). Results are in favor of POCRT in terms of OS but not significant for DFS and LRFS, probably due to the heterogeneity of the included studies and a combination of different prognostic factors.
The Properties, Modification, and Application of Banana Starch

Banana is a tropical fruit crop that is consumed at large, not only because of the quantity produced but also because it serves the calorific needs of millions of people. Banana is a potential source of high starch content (more than 60%). The application of starch for various purposes is dependent upon its structural, physicochemical, and functional properties. A native starch does not possess all required properties for specific use in the food product. To improve its application, starch can be modified physically, chemically, and enzymatically. Each of these modification methods provides different characteristics to the modified starch. This review aims to examine the chemical composition, granule morphology, crystallinity, pasting, thermal properties, and digestibility of banana starch, and discusses the various modifications and potential applications of banana starch in the food industry.
Analysis of long‐term trends and variations in extreme high air temperatures in May over Turkey and a record‐breaking heatwave event of May 2020

This paper investigated the trends and variability in warmest daily maximum (TXx) and warmest daily minimum (TNx) air temperatures, and heatwave characteristics in Turkey in May during 1950–2020. It also analysed the climatological and synoptic meteorological evolutions of heatwave (HW) observed in May 2020. Trend analysis revealed significant increasing trends in TXx and TNx series and heatwave characteristics in May since 1950. Since the mid‐1980s, a continuously increasing trend in TXx and TNx series, and the number, frequency, and magnitude of the heatwaves were observed that accelerated with the mid‐1990s. The most severe heatwave in Turkey since 1950 in May was observed in 2020. The record‐breaking daily maximum (daily minimum) air temperatures were noted at 32 (23) of 96 stations in May 2020, mainly over Turkey's western and southern parts. Record‐high maximum (minimum) air temperature was 43.2°C (31.1°C) reached for the first time in May since 1950. The generalized extreme value model applied to the May TXx and TNx series revealed that the daily air temperatures in May 2020 exceeded 100 years' return periods at many stations of Turkey. This heatwave was linked to a regionalized strong anticyclonic blocking anomaly circulation and other associated atmospheric anomalies in May 2020. This also resulted in the centring of an unprecedented subsiding, calm, and stable warm air mass over Turkey. Adiabatic warming and drying developed very likely under subsidence control because of relatively weak circulation conditions. Such circumstances resulted in extremely hotter conditions in May 2020 compared to the long‐term averages.