Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
econstor Make Your Publications Visible . A Service of zbw

Mother’s Education and Birth Weight Low birth weight has considerable short and long-term consequences and leads to high costs to the individual and society even in a developed economy. Low birth weight is partially a consequence of choices made by the mother preand during pregnancy. Thus policies affecting these choices could have large returns. Using British data, maternal education is found to be positively correlated with birth weight. We identify a causal effect of education using the 1947 reform of the minimum school leaving age. Change in compulsory school leaving age has been previously used as an instrument, but has been criticised for mostly picking up time trends. Here, we demonstrate that the policy effects differ by social background and hence provide identification across cohorts but also within cohort. We find modest but heterogenous positive effects of maternal education on birth weight with an increase from the baseline weight ranging from 2% to 6%. JEL Classification: I12, I29
THE FEATURE OF SEISMICITY IN NORTHEAST CHINA AND ITS RELATION TO THE SUBDUCTION OF THE JAPAN SEA PLATE

Based on the analyses of grouped activities of deep-focus (m b≥6.0) and shallow-focus (M S≥5.0) earthquakes in Northeast China, the spatial and temporal correlation between the deep-focus "strong earthquake group" and shallow-focus "strong earthquake group" was studied. The study was focused mainly on the characteristics of earthquake distribution along the collision zone between the west Pacific plate and Eurasian plate, as well as its relation to the form of the west Pacific subduction zone. Moreover, emphasis was also laid on the analyses of the effect of the west Pacific plate on the seismicity in Eurasian plate. The results show that in the region where the west Pacific plate subducts at low angle, the seismicity along the plate collision zone is very strong, and the effect of plate subduction on the seismicity in Eurasian continent is most significant. In this condition, the subduction zone is subjected to relatively strong compressive stress. However, in the region where the west Pacific plate subducts at high angle, the seismicity along the plate collision zone becomes weaker, and the effect of plate subduction to the seismic activity in Eurasian continent becomes less significant. In this condition, the tensile stress produced by the subduction zone at depth is enhanced. We propose, therefore, that the seismic activity of Northeast China will enter the active period of shallow "strong earthquake group" in forthcoming 10 years. In this period, 6 earthquakes of M S≥5.0 may occur in this region. It is emphasized that the monitoring and prediction of seismic activity in Northeast China should be enhanced.
Characterization of Fe(III) Reduction by Chlororespiring Anaeromxyobacter dehalogenans

ABSTRACT Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans strain 2CP-C has been shown to grow by coupling the oxidation of acetate to the reduction of ortho-substituted halophenols, oxygen, nitrate, nitrite, or fumarate. In this study, strain 2CP-C was also found to grow by coupling Fe(III) reduction to the oxidation of acetate, making it one of the few isolates capable of growth by both metal reduction and chlororespiration. Doubling times for growth of 9.2 and 10.2 h were determined for Fe(III) and 2-chlorophenol reduction, respectively. These were determined by using the rate of [14C]acetate uptake into biomass. Fe(III) compounds used by strain 2CP-C include ferric citrate, ferric pyrophosphate, and amorphous ferric oxyhydroxide. The addition of the humic acid analog anthraquinone 2,6-disulfonate (AQDS) increased the reduction rate of amorphous ferric iron oxide, suggesting AQDS was used as an electron shuttle by strain 2CP-C. The addition of chloramphenicol to fumarate-grown cells did not inhibit Fe(III) reduction, indicating that the latter activity is constitutive. In contrast, the addition of chloramphenicol inhibited dechlorination activity, indicating that chlororespiration is inducible. The presence of insoluble Fe(III) oxyhydroxide did not significantly affect dechlorination, whereas the presence of soluble ferric pyrophosphate inhibited dechlorination. With its ability to respire chlorinated organic compounds and metals such as Fe(III), strain 2CP-C is a promising model organism for the study of the interaction of these potentially competing processes in contaminated environments.
Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma

Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) is a rare benign tumor arising predominantly in the nasopharynx of adolescent males. It is an aggressive neoplasm and shows a propensity for destructive local spread often extending to the base of the skull and into the cranium. Clinically, however, it is obscure with painless, progressive unilateral nasal obstruction being the common presenting symptom with or without epistaxis and rhinorrhea. Diagnosis of JNA is made by complete history, clinical examination, radiography, nasal endoscopy and by using specialized imaging techniques such as arteriography, computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Histopathology reveals a fibrocellular stroma with spindle cells and haphazard arrangement of collagen interspersed with an irregular vascular pattern. A case report of JNA with rare intra-oral manifestation in a 17-year-old male patient is presented in the article. JNA being an aggressive tumor may recur posttreatment. Thus, early diagnosis, accurate staging, and adequate treatment are essential in the management of this lesion.
CME Information: Follicular lymphoma: 2014 update on diagnosis and management

Author: Arnold S. Freedman, M.D. has no conflicts of interest to disclose. CME Editor: Ayalew Tefferi, M.D. has no conflicts of interest to disclose. This activity underwent peer review in line with the standards of editorial integrity and publication ethics maintained by American Journal of Hematology. The peer reviewers have no conflicts of interest to disclose. The peer review process for American Journal of Hematology is single blinded. As such, the identities of the reviewers are not disclosed in line with the standard accepted practices of medical journal peer review. Conflicts of interest have been identified and resolved in accordance with Blackwell Futura Media Services’s Policy on Activity Disclosure and Conflict of Interest. The primary resolution method used was peer review and review by a non-conflicted expert.
SEDIMENT PROVENANCE AND PALEOENVIRONMENT RECORDS OF THE CENTRAL OKINAWA TROUGH FOR THE LAST 17 000YEARS

Based on the data of grain size and clay minerals coupled with precise AMS 14C dating,this paper deals with the provenance and paleoenvironment evolution of the Central Okinawa Trough for the last17000awith the samples from the Core OKI04.The results indicate that the terrigenous sediments in the Central Okinawa Trough are mainly from the East China Sea carried by both the large rivers from East China(the Yangtz River and Yellow River)and the small rivers from east and west Taiwan.The two major provenances have different contribution to the study area in different periods.During the period of 17~13.4ka,sediments were mainly from the large rivers in East China(the Yangtz River and Yellow River)and the small rivers in east and west Taiwan;In the period of 13.4~11.4ka,sediments from west Taiwan increased;in the period of 11.4~7.5ka,the influence of the Yangtz river and Yellow river increased;during the period of 7.5~5.5ka,the sediments in the study area were mainly affected by the Taiwan source;since 5.5ka,the sediments were mainly from East Taiwan and Yangtz River.Our study also reveals that Kaolinite was mainly from the large rivers in the Eeast China mainland.Besides,the environmentally sensitive grain-size populations suggests that the sediments were transported mainly in a suspended manner.The transportation of the suspended sediments from the main rivers in East China is related to the ocean circulations driven by the winter monsoon.In this study,kaolinite content is used as the indicator of the winter monsoon's evolution under the assumption that the provenance remains unchanged,and thus 5strengthened periods of winter monsoon were identified since 17 000ain the East China mainland.
SPATIO-TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF WESTERN DISTURBANCES OVER PAKISTAN

Considering the vital and unequivocal seasonal importance of western disturbance, it has been analyzed for the period 1973-2007. This study is appropriate to be based on annual, monthly, regional and seasonal investigation for the mentioned period. It is found that the total annual events and days (occurred during the events) are revaluing. The said intervals are also found apprising for the northern and northern plus central parts while considering the whole country, minifying trend is found. Maximum events & days occurred in summer whilst minimum during winter in the monthly analysis. However, the total monthly days and events for different regions show peculiar relations with each other. Seasonal study reveals increasing days and events for all seasons and the highest increase is found in Monsoon season. Further annual and monthly events and days are studied separately for each month through dot plots to observe the shifting pattern of western disturbances for every month. The study is represented through trend models, box plots, dot plots, time series and bar graphs.
Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka

We conducted a randomized controlled trial to test whether a Brief Mobile Treatment (BMT) intervention could improve outcomes relative to usual care among suicide attempters. The intervention included training in problem solving therapy, meditation, a brief intervention to increase social support as well as advice on alcohol and other drugs, and mobile phone follow-up. The effect of the intervention was measured in terms of a reduction in suicidal ideation, depression and self-harm at Baseline, six and 12 months. A wait-list control group received usual care. A total of 68 participants was recruited from a Sri Lankan hospital following a suicide attempt. Participants who received the intervention were found to achieve significant improvements in reducing suicidal ideation and depression than those receiving usual care. The BMT group also experienced a significant improvement of social support when compared to the control group. However, the BMT group did not demonstrate a significant effect in reducing actual self-harm and most substance use, and differential effects on alcohol use were restricted to men. Although the present study was limited in revealing which component of the intervention was more effective in preventing suicide, it showed its efficacy in reducing suicide as a whole.
Dynamics of fine root carbon in Amazonian tropical ecosystems and the contribution of roots to soil

Radiocarbon ( 14 C) provides a measure of the mean age of carbon (C) in roots, or the time elapsed since the C making up root tissues was fixed from the atmosphere. Radiocarbon signatures of live and dead fine (o2mm diameter) roots in two mature Amazon tropical forests are consistent with average ages of 4‐11 years (ranging from o 1t o440 years). Measurements of 14 C in the structural tissues of roots known to have grown during 2002 demonstrate that new roots are constructed from recent (o2-year-old) photosynthetic products. High D 14 C values in live roots most likely indicate the mean lifetime of the root rather than the isotopic signature of inherited C or C taken up from the soil. Estimates of the mean residence time of C in forest fine roots (inventory divided by loss rate) are substantially shorter (1‐3 years) than the age of standing fine root C stocks obtained from radiocarbon (4‐11 years). By assuming positively skewed distributions for root ages, we can effectively decouple the mean age of C in live fine roots (measured using 14 C) from the rate of C flow through the live root pool, and resolve these apparently disparate estimates of root C dynamics. Explaining the 14 C values in soil pore space CO2, in addition, requires that a portion of the decomposing roots be cycled through soil organic matter pools with decadal turnover time.
On Eight Key Issues in Beijing's Population Regulation

The population regulation of Beijing is a systematic project. This paper analyzed the reason,content,object,scope,direction,target,thought and means of the population regulation in Beijing. It argued that,in the course of population regulation, overall population should be the object, and population distribution should be the main content as well as the balance of population scale and structure. It's necessary to be based on Beijing,coordinate the Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei,and look around China. And a dynamic target should be developed and economic means should be introduced with the administrative means to mitigate non core capital functions,so that population can enter and exit of Beijing rationally.
Third Generation Agricultural Support System Development Using Data Mining

Agriculture is a multi-dimensional sector directly linked to the malnutrition and food security of the country. This paper provides an effusive farmer supporting system called "Third generation agricultural support system development" where it assess the various classification techniques of data mining and apply them to a soil science database to establish if meaningful relationships can be found. In data mining conception, clustering and classification technique make efficient knowledge exploration and knowledge acquisition from integrated organic farming and produces better solution to the farmers about their cultivation. The agricultural support system development consists of collecting soil information's with computational approach which is followed in organic way of farming huddling using clusters(k-means) and gives best result using classification(orthogonal array) from the databases to the farmers along with beneficial microbes to release nutrients to crops for increased sustainable production in an ecological - intensification and pollution free environment.
Polyamine metabolism and activation of lipid signalling pathways in Arabidopsis

Polyamines, such as putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm), are low-molecular-weight polycationic molecules found in all living organisms. Despite the fact that they have been implicated in various important cellular processes, their mode of action is still largely unclear. Recent evidence indicated an early interaction of polyamines with phospholipid signalling at the membrane level. Using Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings as a model system, we report here that exogenous application of Put, Spd or Spm led to a rapid and significant increase in the signalling lipid phosphatidic acid (PA). Using time-course and dose-response experiments, Spm was found to be the most effective, promoting PA responses at physiological (µM) concentrations. The increase in PA mainly occurred in the root and, at least partly, involved the plasma membrane polyamine-uptake transporter, RMV1. Using a differential 32 P i -labelling strategy we found that diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) activity was partly involved in PA increase, although PIP 2 was not found to be the DAG precursor. However, transphosphatidylation assays with primary alcohols revealed that phospholipase D (PLD) was the main contributor of the Spm triggered-PA response. Arabidopsis encodes 12 PLD genes. Using T-DNA insertion mutants, we identified AtPLD δ as the main contributor. Interestingly, phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase (PI4K), PI4K β 1 and PI4K β 2 were found to be upstream of this PLD δ response. Measuring non-invasive ion fluxes across the plasma membrane of wt- and pld δ mutant roots, revealed that the increase of PA is linked to a gradual and transient K + efflux. These results are in accordance to previous report on the role of PIP 2 , indicating a combined action of these lipids to a signalling route downstream, which involves the efflux of K + . Potential mechanisms of how lipids could control ion fluxes will be discussed.
Endocytosis.

Mammalian cells take up extracellular material by a variety of different mechanisms that are collectively termed endocytosis. Endocytic mechanisms serve many important cellular functions including the uptake of extracellular nutrients, regulation of cell-surface receptor expression, maintenance of cell polarity, and antigen presentation. Endocytic pathways are also utilized by viruses, toxins, and symbiotic microorganisms to gain entry into cells. One of the best-characterized endocytic mechanisms is receptor-mediated endocytosis via clathrin-coated pits. This type of endocytosis constitutes the major emphasis of this review, with a brief discussion of other endocytic mechanisms and their comparison with the receptor-mediated pathway. This review describes and evaluates critically current understanding of the mechanisms of entry of plasma membrane components such as the receptor-ligand complexes and membrane lipids as well as the extracellular fluid into cells. The intracellular sorting and trafficking of these molecules upon internalization are also described. The roles of endocytosis in physiological and pathological processes are discussed. These include maintenance of cell polarization, antigen presentation, glucose transport, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and the endocytosis of toxins and viruses.
Yield performance of Bt corn

Last year was a good year for evaluating Bt corn hybrids and their performance against European corn borers. Insect pressure was very high in part of the state and several companies entered the Bt corn market with new hybrids. Presented here are the results from replicated field trials conducted by Iowa State University in 14 counties.
Consensus Statement : Defining Minimal Criteria for Reporting the Systemic Inflammatory Response to Cardiopulmonary Bypass

The causal factors of the systemic inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were correctly identified in the early 1990s: " … activation of complement, coagulation, fibrinolytic, and kallikrein cascades, activation of neutrophils with degranulation and pro-tease enzyme release, oxygen radical production, and the synthesis of various cytokines from mononuclear cells " [Butler 1993]. Why therefore have clinical advances to curb the systemic inflammatory response proven such a disappointment? Part of the problem is that cardiac surgery has never taken intellectual ownership of this issue, borrowing its diagnosis from critical care medicine and failing to define the minimal criteria that should be measured when reporting on the systemic inflammatory response. An evidence based review of the current literature by many of the coauthors on this paper found that the majority of studies on the systemic inflam-matory response did not measure a single one of the causal factors listed above-thus hindering our ability to identify mechanisms of causation and identify drug targets [Landis 2008]. A panel of experts convened at the Outcomes XII meeting, Barbados 2008, drafted the present consensus document in order to provide a framework to guide future studies and interdictions of the sys-temic inflammatory response. Herein, we have recommended: 1) mandatory reporting of minimal CPB and perfusion criteria that may affect outcomes, 2) reporting of a minimal set of causal inflammatory markers linked to adverse sequelae, and 3) reporting of at least one clinical end-point of organ injury, from a list of end-points and markers of organ injury that balance practicality with clinical meaningfulness. It is our collective belief that this document will serve as a foundation for furthering our understanding of the influence of CPB practice with the systemic inflammatory response by standardizing the reporting of research findings in the peer-reviewed literature. Definition of the Systemic inflammatory Response The systemic inflammatory response is broadly defined as an inflammatory state of the whole body without a proven source of infection. The criteria agreed upon in 1992 by The American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine Consensus Conference to diagnose the Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) in adults are as follows [Bone 1992]: " SIRS is diagnosed when two or more of the following are present: • Fever of more than 38°C or temperature less than 36°C • Heart rate of more than 90 beats per minute (not appropriate in children) • Respiratory rate of more than 20 …
Application of the finite element method in dental implant research

This article provides a review of the achievements and advancements in dental technology brought about by computer-aided design and the all powerful finite element method (FEM) of analysis. The scope of the review covers dental implants, jawbone surrounding the implant and the biomechanical implant and jawbone interaction. Prevailing assumptions made in the published finite element analysis (FEA) and their limitations are discussed in some detail which helps identify the gaps in research as well as future research direction.
Effects of Different Densities on the Cunninghamia Lanceolata in Middle Age

By the experimental design of randomized blocks,the effects of different densities of cunninghamia lanceolata in middle age and different years on timber store,height of trunk,chest diameter and crown area were tested.By using SAS softwear,a multivariate analysis of covariance as well as departure dependence analysis were made and a regression model of second order was set up.The results showed that the timber store is positively dependent on the number of trees and chest diameter,but the number of trees is negatively dependent on the chest diameter,the different densities have greatest effects on the growth of the trees in middle age and the density of 70 plants per mu is more benefit to the growth of tree.
STRATEGI KELUAR DARI JEBAKAN KEMISKINAN(POVERTY TRAP) DI INDONESIA

Abstrak Tulisan ini berusaha menguraikan pengertian dari poverty trap atau jebakan kemiskinan, penyebab terjadi poverty trap di Indonesia dan strategi yang dapat diterapkan di Indonesia untuk keluar dari poverty trap ini. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan pada kasus ini adalah analisis regresi dan simulasi dinamik yang berpijak pada teori model pertumbuhan ekonomi Solow-Swan. Variabel-variabel yang diamati meliputi tenaga kerja, modal dan tingkat teknologi yang diterapkan. Hasil analisis ini menunjukan bahwa faktor penentu kemiskinan di Indonesia adalah rendahnya tingkat pendidikan masyarakat di Indonesia yang diakibatkan oleh minimnya alokasi dana untuk pendidikan, banyaknya tenaga pengajar yang tidak berkompeten di bidangnya, dan output yang dihasilkan masih jauh dari yang diharapkan. Dan faktor lain yang mempengaruhi poverty trap adalah ketersediaan investasi, jumlah tenaga kerja, dan hasil sektor pertanian.Model Solow-Swan memberikan dua buah hasil yaitu, pada steady-state yang sama, Negara miskin seharusnya mengalami pertumbuhan yang lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan Negara kaya dan peningkatan investasi memberikan laju pertumbuhan investasi sama dengan perpindahan ekonomi menuju steady-state yang baru.