Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Chlorine Dioxide Gas Application to Egg Surface: Microbial Reduction Effect, Quality of Eggs, and Hatchability

Abstract Controlling of microorganisms in the industrial process is important for production and distribution of hatching and table eggs. In the previous study, we reported that chlorine dioxide (ClO2) gas of a proper concentration and humidity can significantly reduce the load of Salmonella spp. on eggshells. In this study, we compared microbial reduction efficacy on egg’s surface using hatching eggs and table eggs, internal quality of table eggs, and hatchability after both the conventional method (washing and UV expose, fumigation with formalin) and ClO2 gas disinfection. Application of 40 ppm ClO2 gas to the table and hatching eggs, respectively, reduced the aerobic plate count (APC) with no statistical difference compared with the conventional methods. Additionally, we didn’t observed that any significant difference in albumin height, Haugh unit (HU), and yolk color, this result confirms that 40 ppm ClO2 had no effect on the internal quality of the table eggs, when comparing with the UV treatment method. The hatchability of hatching eggs was not statistical different between formaldehyde fumigation and 80 ppm ClO2 gas treatment, though the value was decreased at high concentration of 160 ppm ClO2 gas. From these results, we recommend that ClO2 gas can be used as a safe disinfectant to effectively control egg surface microorganisms without affecting egg quality.
The catastrophic thermokarst lake drainage events of 2018 in northwestern Alaska: fast-forward into the future

Abstract. Northwestern Alaska has been highly affected by changing climatic patterns with new temperature and precipitation maxima over the recent years. In particular, the Baldwin and northern Seward peninsulas are characterized by an abundance of thermokarst lakes that are highly dynamic and prone to lake drainage like many other regions at the southern margins of continuous permafrost. We used Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and Planet CubeSat optical remote sensing data to analyze recently observed widespread lake drainage. We then used synoptic weather data, climate model outputs and lake ice growth simulations to analyze potential drivers and future pathways of lake drainage in this region. Following the warmest and wettest winter on record in 2017/2018, 192 lakes were identified as having completely or partially drained by early summer 2018, which exceeded the average drainage rate by a factor of ∼ 10 and doubled the rates of the previous extreme lake drainage years of 2005 and 2006. The combination of abundant rain- and snowfall and extremely warm mean annual air temperatures (MAATs), close to 0 ∘C, may have led to the destabilization of permafrost around the lake margins. Rapid snow melt and high amounts of excess meltwater further promoted rapid lateral breaching at lake shores and consequently sudden drainage of some of the largest lakes of the study region that have likely persisted for millennia. We hypothesize that permafrost destabilization and lake drainage will accelerate and become the dominant drivers of landscape change in this region. Recent MAATs are already within the range of the predictions by the University of Alaska Fairbanks' Scenarios Network for Alaska and Arctic Planning (UAF SNAP) ensemble climate predictions in scenario RCP6.0 for 2100. With MAAT in 2019 just below 0 ∘C at the nearby Kotzebue, Alaska, climate station, permafrost aggradation in drained lake basins will become less likely after drainage, strongly decreasing the potential for freeze-locking carbon sequestered in lake sediments, signifying a prominent regime shift in ice-rich permafrost lowland regions.
METHODE DE CALCUL DE LA DYNAMIQUE DES CHUTES DE BLOCS - APPLICATION A L'ETUDE DU VERSANT DE LA MONTAGNE DE LA PALE (VERCORS)

L'IDEE DE CE TRAVAIL EST VENUE DE L'IRIGM OU PLUSIEURS CHERCHEURS ETUDIAIENT LES RISQUES DE CHUTES DE BLOCS EN PROVENANCE D'UNE FALAISE DANS LE VERCORS. APRES AVOIR REALISE LES OBSERVATIONS GEOLOGIQUES DE TERRAIN CONCERNANT NOTAMMENT LES ZONES DE DEPART LES PLUS PROBABLES, AINSI QUE LES TRACES LAISSEES DANS LES PENTES EN CONTREBAS PAR QUELQUES CHUTES RECENTES, L'EQUIPE DE L'IRIGM A PROPOSE DE VERIFIER AVEC QUELLE APPROXIMATION LA METHODE DE CALCUL DEVELOPPEE PAR L'ADRGT POUVAIT REPRESENTER LA REALITE OBSERVEE ET EN PARTICULIER LES ZONES D'ARRIVEE LES PLUS PROBABLES, ET LES TAILLES DES BLOCS. L'ARTICLE COMPREND DONC TROIS PARTIES : - LE RESULTATS DES OBSERVATIONS GEOLOGIQUES CONCERNANT LA STABILITE DE LA FALAISE DE LA PALE, - LA DESCRIPTION DE LA METHODE DE CALCUL DES TRAJECTOIRES ET DES ENERGIES DES BLOCS ET LA PRESENTATION DES RESULTATS OBTENUS PAR LE CALCUL, - LA COMPARAISON DES RESULTATS DU CALCUL AVEC LES OBSERVATIONS DE TERRAIN. (A).
Carbonaceous particles in Muztagh Ata ice core, West Kunlun Mountains, China

Carbonaceous particles concentrations of OC and EC are determined using a two-step gas chromatography system in Muztagh Ata ice core covering the time period of 1955 ― 2000. Over the period rep-resented by the core, OC and EC concentrations appear to have changed significantly, varied in the range of 17.7 ― 216.7 and 6.5 ― 124.6, and averaged 61.8, 32.9 ng·g –1 , respectively. The average concentration of EC in Muztagh Ata ice core is much lower than that in an Alpine ice core record (100 ― 300 ng·g –1 ) during the same period, but it is a factor of 14 in Greenland ice core (2.3 ng·g –1 ), this may induce a strong impact on the snow albedo in the last 46 years in our study area. Observations indicate two periods with obviously high deposition concentrations (1955 ― 1965 and 1974 ― 1989) and two periods with low concentrations (1966 ― 1973 and 1990 ― 1995), as well as a recent increasing trend. By comparing EC and SO 42– concentration variations and deciphering OC/EC ratios recorded in the same ice core, we can judge roughly that the carbonaceous particles deposited in Muztagh Ata ice core were attributed to fossil fuel combustion sources.
Use of dietary supplements in the United States, 1988-94.

OBJECTIVES This report presents estimates of the prevalence of use of dietary supplements among the U.S. population by various demographic and descriptive characteristics, the number of products taken, and types of supplements taken by broad product-type categories. METHODS The third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) is a nationally representative survey of the civilian, noninstitutionalized U.S. population, 2 months of age or over. Participants were asked about their use of vitamin and/or mineral supplements in the past month. Many also reported use of other dietary supplements. RESULTS Approximately 40 percent of the population took dietary supplements during the month prior to the interview. Females (44 percent) were more likely to take a supplement than males (35 percent). Non-Hispanic white persons (43 percent) were more likely to take supplements than non-Hispanic black persons (30 percent) and Mexican American persons (29 percent). Children 1-5 years of age were major users of supplements. Among adults 20 years of age and older, there was a trend toward increasing use of dietary supplements with age. Higher levels of education, income, and self-reported health status were all positively related to supplement use. Sixty-seven percent of supplement users took only one supplement, with the majority of them taking a combination vitamin/mineral product (46 percent). CONCLUSIONS A substantial proportion of the U.S. population takes vitamins, minerals, and/or other dietary supplements.
An assessment of the uncertainty of delimited catchment boundaries

This paper reports on the issues of delimiting water catchments using topographic maps in digital or graphical form and their implications in catchment based modelling. An assessment is presented of the derivation of catchment boundaries from sources of different scales. The automated catchment delimitation is assessed for a 1:50 000 source scale of elevation data and a method presented for representing the uncertainty of the catchment boundaries in a Geographic Information System. Finally, a simulation of error in the DEM is used to recalculate the watershed boundaries and the differences are assessed.
An open source phylogenetic search and alignment package

PSODA is a comprehensive phylogenetics package, including alignment, phylogenetic search under both parsimony and maximum likelihood, and visualisation and analysis tools. PSODA offers performance comparable to PAUP* in an open source package that aims to provide a foundation for researchers examining new phylogenetic algorithms. A key new feature is PsodaScript, an extension to the nearly ubiquitous NEXUS format, that includes conditional and loop constructs; thereby allowing complex meta-search techniques like the parsimony ratchet to be easily and compactly implemented. PSODA promises to be a valuable tool in the future development of novel phylogenetic techniques. This paper seeks to familiarise researchers with PSODA and its features, in particular the internal scripting language, PsodaScript. PSODA is freely available from the PSODA.
Exchange Rate Regimes: Is the Bipolar View Correct?

The bipolar or two-corner solution view of exchange rates is that intermediate policy regimes between hard pegs and floating are not sustainable. This paper argues that the proponents of the bipolar view have probably exaggerated their point. The right statement is that for countries open to international capital flows, softly pegged exchange rates are crisis-prone and not sustainable over long periods. However, a wide variety of flexible rate arrangements remains possible. Monetary and exchange rate policy in most countries should not and will not be indifferent to exchange rate movements.
Dementia in the Elderly

Fifty-two elderly patients with dementia were examined in respect to 23 clinical variables including all 13 items of the Hachinski ischaemic score. A CT scan and EEG were also carried out. A three-dimensional model was developed by a technique of multivariate analysis to demonstrate the relationship between symptoms. The characteristics of groups classified by the Hachinksi score were also examined during the course of a longitudinal study. For the atherosclerotic group it was found possible to extract symptoms which reflected the result of stroke and also to extract symptoms which reflected diminished cerebral blood flow. Symptoms characteristic of senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (senile dementia) classified by the Hachinski score were extracted from the distribution of symptoms in the model. During the course of a longitudinal follow-up subjects classified by the Hachinski score as ‘mixed type dementia’ showed a high frequency of stroke and it is suggested that mixed types can be characterized as vascular.
Grounding principles for governing web 2.0 investments

More and more organisations are becoming intrigued by the huge impact of web 2.0 and social software in the personal domain. Just think about Facebook, Myspace, Twitter and the like, which have all but become houshold names. Some organisations have already started to investigate whether web 2.0 technologies can improve collaboration patterns between their own constituents and constituents from outside the organization. From a series of case studies on such initiatives, we were able to propose a set of grounding prinicples for governing web 2.0 investments. The proposed principles are specifically geared towards maximizing benefits realization from these inherently open and social platforms. In this paper, we refer to processes of structuration and information systems (IS) benefits realization to pinpoint how governing web 2.0 investments will be quite different from the rather controlling instantiations of IS investment governance inherited from past investments in enterprise systems
Marine trophic diversity in an anadromous fish is linked to its life-history variation in fresh water

We used carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes from muscle tissues accrued in the ocean to examine whether marine foraging tactics in anadromous sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) are linked to their ultimate freshwater life history as adults. Adults from large-bodied populations spawning in deep freshwater habitats had more enriched δ15N than individuals from small-bodied populations from shallow streams. Within populations, earlier maturing individuals had higher δ15N than older fish. These differences in δ15N suggest that the fish with different life histories or spawning habitats in freshwater either fed at different trophic positions or in different habitats in the ocean. We propose that, nested within interspecific diversity in the ecological attributes of salmon, population and life-history diversity in spawning adults is associated with variation in marine foraging tactics. These results further indicate that the trophic diversity of sockeye salmon in the ocean may be linked to trade-offs in ecological and evolutionary constraints they eventually experience as adults in freshwater ecosystems.
Moderna Tider : Teknikutveckling inom medicinsk service, effekter på yrkesroll och kompetensutveckling för laboratorieassistenter och röntgensjuksköterskor

Laboratorieassistenters och rontgensjukskoterskors kompetens utvecklas i takt med teknikutvecklingen inom medicinsk service – den avvecklas inte! Forfattaren har studerat vilken effekt automatisering ger pa yrkesrollerna. Vad hander med dem vid datorisering? Studien ar en av de forsta i sitt slag och darfor intressant och generaliserbar aven inom andra yrkesgrupper. Studien visar att automatisering och inforande av ny teknik kommer att berika arbetet, inte utarma det, som manga har befarat. Daremot kommer framtidens arbete att innebara en interaktion mellan manniska-dator. Olampligt utformad teknik kan ge upphov till stressreaktioner och ohalsa, som t ex nar bildbearbetningssystem med mycket avancerade funktioner for bearbetning av digitala bilder inte ar anpassade till rontgensjukskoterskans arbetssituation och begreppsvarld. Tekniken ar ett hjalpmedel for yrkesutovaren. Manniskan ska inte anpassa sig till tekniken!
Cost-Sensitive Multi-strategy Active Annotation for Text Classification

Different parts of an instance may be strong or weak indicators of the instance's label. We propose a new annotation strategy, where in addition to an instance's label, the annotator indicates parts of the instance that are rationales for its label. For two text classification tasks, we show that rationales provide a significant improvement in performance. Each instance (with or without rationales) may provide different incremental value to the learning algorithm. Annotation cost may also vary across instances and annotation strategies. We propose a cost-sensitive active learning approach for joint selection of instance and strategy that automatically determines which instances to query and whether to ask for rationales. We show that the proposed approach outperforms instance selection with a fixed strategy. While the additional cost for rationales may vary across annotators, user interface design, task, etc. We show that the proposed approach is able to select the right annotation strategy for each scenario.
Analyse multidimensionnelle de données incomplètes

The main purpose of this paper concerns the use of multiple imputations in the analysis of incomplete multidimensional data. This methodoly is applied to data, already used in a recent paper by the same authors in RSA, to study the predictive effect of self-rated health (SHR) on mortality until 6 years before death occurrence. But the present study includes 14956 men of the cohort Gazel at risk at the beginning of 1991 and followed during the period 1991-2002. Moreover the missing values of SHR, present in the data since 1990, have been replaced by the last declared SHR value in the preceding paper. They have been here imputed using a recent and flexible multiple imputation method based on data augmentation MCMC procedure and especially useful in missing-data problems. The goal of an imputation model is to properly reflect uncertainty and to preserve important aspects of the data distribution and important relationships between the variables. 36 J.-P. NAKACHE, A. GUEGUEN The SHR missing data have been imputed from different homogeneous sub-samples introducing age and pcs in the imputation model : sub-sample of subjects alive in 2002 and the different sub-samples of subjects died in 2002, 2001, . , 1991.
Primäre PCI versus Thrombolyse

Zusammenfassung Bei Patienten mit akutem Koronarsyndrom erlangte die peri-interventionelle antithrombotische Therapie in den vergangenen Jahren zunehmend Bedeutung für die Wahl der bevorzugten Reperfusionsstrategie und der adjuvanten medikamentösen Behandlung vor, während und nach perkutanen Koronarinterventionen (PCI). Bei NSTE-ACS und früh-invasiver Therapiestrategie (<48 h) sollte möglichst frühzeitig eine Behandlung mit Azetylsalizylsäure (ASS), Clopidogrel und Heparin (UFH bevorzugt) eingeleitet werden. Direkte Thrombininhibitoren stellen insbesondere bei erhöhter Blutungsneigung oder heparininduzierter Thrombozytopenie eine Alternative zu unfraktioniertes Heparin (UFH) dar. Bei Patienten mit hohem Risiko sollte „upstream“ ein Glykoprotein-IIb/IIIaInhibitor (Eptifibatid, Tirofiban) eingesetzt werden. Bei STEMI stellt die primäre PCI die Reperfusionstherapie der Wahl dar und sollte durch frühzeitige Gabe von ASS, Clopidogrel, UFH und Glykoprotein-IIb/IIIa-Inhibitoren (Abciximab, Eptifibatid) unterstützt werden. UFH wird dabei gegenüber niedermolekularem Heparin wegen geringerer Blutungsraten und besserer Möglichkeit zur Antagonisierung favorisiert. Eine so genannte facilitated PCI mit Thrombolytika wird wegen höherer Mortalität und Komplikationsraten nicht empfohlen.
European Prehistory. A Survey

1. Introduction S. Milisauskas. 2. The Present Environment, A Geographic Summary S. Milisauskas. 3. The Lower and Middle Palaeolithic M.A. Jochim. 4. The Upper Palaeolithic M.A. Jochim. 5. The Mesolithic M.A. Jochim. 6. Early Neolithic, The First Farmers in Europe, 7000-5500/5000 BC S. Milisauskas. 7. Middle Neolithic, Continuity, Diversity, Innovations, and Greater Complexity, 5500/5000-3500/3000 BC S. Milisauskas, J. Kruk. 8. Late Neolithic, Crises, Collapse, New Ideologies, and Economies, 3500/3000-2200/2000 BC S. Milisauskas, J. Kruk. 9. The Bronze Age A.F. Harding. 10. The Iron Age P.S. Wells. 11. Conclusion S. Milisauskas. References. Index.
Bumblebees: their behaviour and ecology.

1. Introduction 2. Thermoregulation 3. Social organisation and conflict 4. Finding a mate 5. Natural enemies 6. Foraging Economics 7. Foraging range 8. Exploitation of patchy resources 9. Choice of flower species 10. Intraspecific floral choices 11. Communication during foraging 12. Competition in bumblebee communities 13. Bumblebees as pollinators 14. Conservation 15. Bumblebees abroad effects of introduced bees on native ecosystems
Men with broken condoms: who and why?

Objectives: To identify (1) the prevalence of condom breakage, and demographic and sexuality-related differences among young men who have sex with women reporting and not reporting this event; (2) condom-specific behaviours associated with breakage. Methods: Young men (n = 278) attending a clinic for treatment of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) responded to an anonymous questionnaire aided by a CD recording of the questions. The samples were screened to include only men who had used a condom during penile–vaginal sex at least three times in the past 3 months. Condom-specific behaviours (including breakage) were assessed using these last three acts of condom use as the recall period. Correlates achieving bivariate significance were subjected to multivariate analysis. Results: Nearly one third (31.3%) of the men reported recent breakage. The breakage rate was 15%. Three correlates significantly distinguished between men who did and did not report breakage. Men who had past STIs were more likely to report breakage (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.08), as were men who also reported condom slippage (AOR 2.72). Less self-efficacy for correct condom use was also significantly associated with breakage (AOR 1.07). Further, three condom-specific behaviours were significantly associated with breakage: allowing condoms to contact sharp objects (AOR 2.6), experiencing problems with the “fit or feel” of condoms (AOR 2.3) and not squeezing air from the receptacle tip (AOR 2.0). Conclusions: Breakage may be common and may occur in a larger context of difficulties with condoms. STI clinics could potentially benefit some men by providing instructions on the correct use of condoms.
Evidence for Salt Tectonics in Valles Marineris, Mars

1,2 , J. Grotzinger 2 , R. A. Beyer 3 , S. Murchie 4 , A. McEwen 5 , and the CRISM Science Team, 1 Jet Propulsion Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91001; 2 California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125; 3 Carl Sagain Center at the SETI Institute/NASA Ames, Moffet Field, CA; 4 Applied Physics Lab, Laurel, MD; 5 Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ. e-mail: ralph.milliken@jpl.nasa. gov
Environmental impact assessment in practice : impact and limitations

List of Contributors. Preface. Part 1: Quality and Effectiveness. 1 Introduction. 2 Comparative Evaluation of EIA Systems. 3 Capacity Building. 4 Quality and Quality Control in EIA. Part 2: EIA At the International Level. 5 The Convention of Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context. 6 Environmental Impact Assessment A and Multi--Lateral Financial Institutions. Part 3: International Experience. 7 Environmental Impact Assessment in Central and Eastern Europe. 8 Environmental Impact Assessment in East Asia. 9 Environmental Impact Assessment in Africa. 10 Environmental Impact Assessment in South and Central America. 11 Environmental Impact Assessment in North America. 12 Environmental Impact Assessment in the European Union. Part 4: Sectoral Experience. 13 Policy Environmental Assessment. 14 Environmental Impact Assessment of Land--Use Plans: Experience under the National Environmental Policy Act and the California Environmental Quality Act. 15 Environmental Impact Assessment and Waste Management. 16 Environmental Impact Assessment of Road and Rail Infrastructure. 17 Environmental Impact Assessment for Energy Projects. 18 Environmental Impact Assessment for Mining Projects. 19 Environmental Impact Assessment for Water Projects. Index
Dynamic voltage scaling and power management for portable systems

Portable systems require long battery lifetime while still delivering high performance. Dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) algorithms reduce energy consumption by changing processor speed and voltage at run time depending on the needs of the applications running. Dynamic power management (DPM) policies trade off the performance for the power consumption by selectively placing components into low-power states. In this work we extend the DPM model with a DVS algorithm, thus enabling larger power savings. We test our approach on MPEG video and MP3 audio algorithms running on the SmartBadge portable device. Our results show savings of a factor of three in energy consumption for combined DVS and DPM approaches.
Images as Context in Statistical Machine Translation

This paper reports ongoing experiments towards exploiting the use of images to provide additional context for statistical machine translation (SMT). We investigate whether this contextual information can be helpful in targeting two well-known challenges in machine translation: ambiguity (incorrect translation of words that have multiple senses) and out-of-vocabulary words (words left untranslated). As a motivating example, consider Figure 1, which depicts a news headline extracted from the BBC News website and its incorrect translation into Portuguese, as generated by the Google Translate online service.