Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Offset-Canceled Sense Amplifier for DRAMs With Hidden Offset-Cancellation Time and Boosted Internal-Voltage-Difference

A degraded sensing margin with DRAM technology scaling is one of the most important issues in the modern DRAM industry since it causes two sensing failure problems due to 1) offset voltage of the sense amplifier (V textsubscript OS) and 2) slow sensing time (t textsubscript SEN). Most previous works mainly have focused on the sensing failure problem due to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathrm{ V}}_{\mathrm{ OS}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> that requires an additional offset-cancellation time (t textsubscript OC) for reducing the V textsubscript OS. In this brief, we propose a hidden <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\rm t_{OC}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and boosted internal-voltage-difference (BIVD) offset-canceled sense amplifier (HB-OCSA) to resolve both sensing failure problems. To reduce the t textsubscript SEN, the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathrm{ t}}_{\mathrm{ OC}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is hidden by performing offset-cancellation and charge-sharing simultaneously. In addition, the proposed BIVD scheme not only further accelerates <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathrm{ t}}_{\mathrm{ SEN}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with the improved sensing margin but also reduces the energy consumption in the sensing operation. The proposed HB-OCSA achieves 1.52 times faster <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathrm{ t}}_{\mathrm{ SEN}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and reduces energy consumption by 36.23% at 0.9V compared to a recently proposed capacitor-coupled offset-canceled sense amplifier (COSA) while keeping a 100% sensing yield.
Heterogeneous Fusion of Camera and mmWave Radar Sensor of Optimizing Convolutional Neural Networks for Parking Meter System

In this article, a novel heterogeneous fusion of convolutional neural networks that combined an RGB camera and an active mmWave radar sensor for the smart parking meter is proposed. In general, the parking fee collector on the street outdoor surroundings by traffic flows, shadows, and reflections makes it an exceedingly tough task to identify street parking regions. The proposed heterogeneous fusion convolutional neural networks combine an active radar sensor and image input with specific geometric area, allowing them to detect the parking region against different tough conditions such as rain, fog, dust, snow, glare, and traffic flow. They use convolutional neural networks to acquire output results along with the individual training and fusion of RGB camera and mmWave radar data. To achieve real-time performance, the proposed algorithm has been implemented on a GPU-accelerated embedded platform Jetson Nano with a heterogeneous hardware acceleration methodology. The experimental results exhibit that the accuracy of the heterogeneous fusion method can reach up to 99.33% on average.
Multi-Pose Pedestrian Detection Based on Posterior HOG Feature

Pedestrian detection remains one of the challenging tasks in the area of computer vision. A multi-pose pedestrian detection method based on posterior HOG feature is proposed. Firstly,the generality information of gradient feature energy is computed with all pedestrian samples. The posterior HOG feautre is obtained by weighting the HOG feature of individual pedestrian sample with the computed gradient feature energy. The posterior HOG feature can capture the contours and edges of pedesrtians,and significantly reduce the influence of complex and cluttered background. Secondly,pedestrians of different poses and views are divided into subclasses with S-Isomap and K-means algorithm. A classifier is trained for each subclass. Finally,a multi-pose-viewensemble classifier is trained to combine the output values of different subclass classifiers with an equally weighted sum rule. Experimental results on different datasets suggest that the proposed posterior feature outperforms the classic HOG feature and other typical features. Compared with the existing methods,by combining the posterior feature and the multi-pose-viewensemble classifier,the proposed method boosts the detection accuracy effectively.
Hepatitis Delta Virus Antigens Trigger Oxidative Stress, Activate Antioxidant Nrf2/ARE Pathway, and Induce Unfolded Protein Response

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a viroid-like satellite that may co-infect individuals together with hepatitis B virus (HBV), as well as cause superinfection by infecting patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Being a defective virus, HDV requires HBV structural proteins for virion production. Although the virus encodes just two forms of its single antigen, it enhances the progression of liver disease to cirrhosis in CHB patients and increases the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma. HDV pathogenesis so far has been attributed to virus-induced humoral and cellular immune responses, while other factors have been neglected. Here, we evaluated the impact of the virus on the redox status of hepatocytes, as oxidative stress is believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of various viruses, including HBV and hepatitis C virus (HCV). We show that the overexpression of large HDV antigen (L-HDAg) or autonomous replication of the viral genome in cells leads to increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). It also leads to the upregulated expression of NADPH oxidases 1 and 4, cytochrome P450 2E1, and ER oxidoreductin 1α, which have previously been shown to mediate oxidative stress induced by HCV. Both HDV antigens also activated the Nrf2/ARE pathway, which controls the expression of a spectrum of antioxidant enzymes. Finally, HDV and its large antigen also induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the concomitant unfolded protein response (UPR). In conclusion, HDV may enhance oxidative and ER stress induced by HBV, thus aggravating HBV-associated pathologies, including inflammation, liver fibrosis, and the development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
The stability of a thermally radiating stratified shear layer

A linear stability analysis is applied to a stratified, thermally radiating, un-bounded shear layer. Temperature disturbances are assumed to be optically thin. Both viscous and inviscid neutral stability boundaries are determined numerically for hyperbolic-tangent mean velocity and potential-temperature profiles. For these profiles, long-wavelength disturbances are completely destabilized (the critical Richardson number Ric → ∞ as the wavenumber k → 0) in the inviscid limit. A similar situation is found for the case of discontinuous step-function profiles. However, in contrast to the non-radiating problem, the functional form of the neutral stability boundary is not the same for both the continuous and discontinuous profiles in the limit k → 0. Application of the viscous results to the atmospheres of the earth and Venus yield critical Richardson numbers in excess of ¼.
MyBrain-Seq: A Pipeline for MiRNA-Seq Data Analysis in Neuropsychiatric Disorders

High-throughput sequencing of small RNA molecules such as microRNAs (miRNAs) has become a widely used approach for studying gene expression and regulation. However, analyzing miRNA-Seq data can be challenging because it requires multiple steps, from quality control and preprocessing to differential expression and pathway-enrichment analyses, with many tools and databases available for each step. Furthermore, reproducibility of the analysis pipeline is crucial to ensure that the results are accurate and reliable. Here, we present myBrain-Seq, a comprehensive and reproducible pipeline for analyzing miRNA-Seq data that incorporates miRNA-specific solutions at each step of the analysis. The pipeline was designed to be flexible and user-friendly, allowing researchers with different levels of expertise to perform the analysis in a standardized and reproducible manner, using the most common and widely used tools for each step. In this work, we describe the implementation of myBrain-Seq and demonstrate its capacity to consistently and reproducibly identify differentially expressed miRNAs and enriched pathways by applying it to a real case study in which we compared schizophrenia patients who responded to medication with treatment-resistant schizophrenia patients to obtain a 16-miRNA treatment-resistant schizophrenia profile.
A CORRELATION BIOMARKER BETWEEN BMI AND LIPID PEROXIDATION IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS WITH AND WITHOUT OTHER COMPLICATIONS

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder associated with several complications, such as cardiovascular disease and retinopathy. Objective: The main objective is to find the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and lipid peroxidation biomarkers in T2DM patients with and without complications. This cross-sectional study involves 50 T2DM patients, with 25 patients having complications and 25 without complications. The study was conducted at Nishtar Medical University and Hospital from August 2022 to February 2023. BMI and lipid peroxidation biomarkers were measured, including malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). T2DM patients with complications had a significantly higher BMI and higher levels of MDA and 4-HNE compared to those without complications. A positive correlation was observed between BMI and lipid peroxidation biomarkers in both groups of T2DM patients. Furthermore, T2DM patients with complications had significantly higher levels of fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and serum creatinine, and lower levels of HDL cholesterol compared to those without complications. Our study highlights the importance of managing BMI and oxidative stress in preventing and managing T2DM complications. More studies are required to find the mechanisms underlying the association between BMI and lipid peroxidation in T2DM patients and to investigate the potential therapeutic implications of managing BMI and oxidative stress in T2DM patients.
Super-resolution of hyperspectral images using sparse representation and Gabor prior

Abstract. Super-resolution (SR) as a postprocessing technique is quite useful in enhancing the spatial resolution of hyperspectral (HS) images without affecting its spectral resolution. We present an approach to increase the spatial resolution of HS images by making use of sparse representation and Gabor prior. The low-resolution HS observations consisting of large number of bands are represented as a linear combination of a small number of basis images using principal component analysis (PCA), and the significant components are used in our work. We first obtain initial estimates of SR on this reduced dimension by using compressive sensing-based method. Since SR is an ill-posed problem, the final solution is obtained by using a regularization framework. The novelty of our approach lies in: (1) estimation of optimal point spread function in the form of decimation matrix, and (2) using a new prior called “Gabor prior” to super-resolve the significant PCA components. Experiments are conducted on two different HS datasets namely, 31-band natural HS image set collected under controlled laboratory environment and a set of 224-band real HS images collected by airborne visible/infrared imaging spectrometer remote sensing sensor. Visual inspections and quantitative comparison confirm that our method enhances spatial information without introducing significant spectral distortion. Our conclusions include: (1) incorporate the sensor characteristics in the form of estimated decimation matrix for SR, and (2) preserve various frequencies in super-resolved image by making use of Gabor prior.
A Review of CRISPR Tools for Treating Usher Syndrome: Applicability, Safety, Efficiency, and In Vivo Delivery

This review considers research into the treatment of Usher syndrome, a deaf-blindness syndrome inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Usher syndrome mutations are markedly heterogeneous, involving many different genes, and research grants are limited due to minimal patient populations. Furthermore, gene augmentation therapies are impossible in all but three Usher syndromes as the cDNA sequence exceeds the 4.7 kb AAV packaging limit. It is, therefore, vital to focus research efforts on alternative tools with the broadest applicability. The CRISPR field took off in recent years following the discovery of the DNA editing activity of Cas9 in 2012. New generations of CRISPR tools have succeeded the original CRISPR/Cas9 model to enable more sophisticated genomic amendments such as epigenetic modification and precise sequence alterations. This review will evaluate the most popular CRISPR tools to date: CRISPR/Cas9, base editing, and prime editing. It will consider these tools in terms of applicability (in relation to the ten most prevalent USH2A mutations), safety, efficiency, and in vivo delivery potential with the intention of guiding future research investment.
The implementation of the discontinuous Galerkin method for two-dimensional Maxwell equations in Nektar++

The implementation of the discontinuous Galerkin method for two-dimensional Maxwell equations in Nektar++ Department of Mathematical Sciences, Mathematics Division, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa. Thesis: MSc May 2015 Maxwell's equations consist of various laws of electromagnetism and can be written in two di erent modes in two dimensions: the transverse electric(TE) mode and the transverse magnetic(TM) mode. Various methods have been developed in Computational electromagnetics for numerical simulations of electrodynamic applications. In this thesis, a spectral/hp discontinuous Galerkin(DG) scheme is implemented for Maxwell's equations in TE as well as in TM polarization, in Nektar++ a spectral/hp object-oriented open-source software. The DG space discretization leads to a semi-discrete scheme to be integrated in time with the Runge-Kutta method, and two numerical uxes are used to interconnect elements in the mesh namely the centered and the upwind numerical uxes. To show the p-convergence and the h-convergence of the scheme, numerical tests in TE and TM modes are performed in linear and isotropic media, followed by an application to the scattering of an electromagnetic wave by a circular cylinder and a rectangular perfect electric conductor. For both modes, the induced current on the surface of the scatterer is computed, using the total eld/scattered eld formulation. ii Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
New multiple watermarking scheme

Watermark robustness to various kinds of attacks is still an problem.Usually,single watermark cannot guarantee enough robustness when several attacks are encountered at the same time.In order to solve the problem,a new multi-image watermarking algorithm is proposed in Discrete Cosine Transform(DCT) domain.The original image is first sub-sampled,and the sub-images are separated into two groups.Then binary watermark images are embedded by utilizing two kinds of modulations,i.e.dither modulation and DCT coefficient modulation based on selected blocks.Compared with existing methods,the proposed algorithm can obtain better image quality.As the watermark images are embedded at different frequency components,at least one watermark can survive common attacks,such as JPEG compression,wiener filtering,brightness and contrast enhancement.Experimental results show that the proposed scheme is efficient to resist traditional signal processing attacks.At least one watermark can survive multi-attacks,which provide proof for copyright protection.
Connecting land tenure to land restoration

ABSTRACT The Parties to the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) adopted a decision on land tenure in 2019, requesting stakeholders to explore options on how to increase knowledge on responsible governance of tenure as a way to achieve land degradation neutrality. In 2022, the Global Land Outlook, a biennial publication of the UNCCD that assesses the global state of land, identified the need to probe the links between tenure and restoration as a strategy for land degradation neutrality. This article establishes the connection between tenure and restoration by going beyond mere narratives. Using simple diagrammatic and mathematical illustrations, it shows how tenure rights (influenced by land tenure) can enable restoration activities to contribute to land degradation neutrality. Policymakers, academics, and professionals who struggle with achieving land restoration through land tenure practices will find this article helpful for their work.
GRO J1655-40

Caption: The Chandra X-ray spectrum (see inset) of J1655 indicates that powerful magnetic fields play a key role in generating friction in a disk of gas swirling around a black hole. This friction heats the gas and causes it to spiral inward, emitting X-rays in the process. Magnetic turbulence also drives some of the gas away from the disk in a high speed wind (light blue matter in illustration). By analyzing the disk wind of J1655, astronomers confirmed long-held suspicions that magnetic friction is central to understanding how black holes accrete matter rapidly. This discovery provides insight into a process that is important in a wide range of cosmic settings, from supermassive black holes to planet-forming disks around young sun-like stars.
Effects of High Concentrate-Induced Subacute Ruminal Acidosis Severity on Claw Health in First-Lactation Holstein Cows

Simple Summary In this study, 24 first-lactation Holstein cows were evaluated to investigate how different levels of diet-induced subacute rumen acidosis (SARA) during early lactation (up to 70 days in milk; DIM) affect claw health. Claw health was monitored by recording claw lesions at three hoof trimming visits (before calving, at 70 DIM, and three months thereafter), and by assessing locomotion scores (LCS) 1 to 5 at two-week intervals. An intraruminal sensor monitored pH continuously, enabling the determination of the number of days the cows experienced SARA (pH below 5.8 for more than 330 min in 24-h), which allowed us to derive a severity index for SARA. In this manner the cows were assigned to three groups retrospectively: light, moderate, and severe SARA. A statistically significant increase in lameness incidence was observed when comparing light and severe SARA groups, but no effect was observed on LCS and claw lesion prevalence. Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effects of diet-induced subacute rumen acidosis (SARA) severity during transition and the early lactation period on claw health in 24 first-lactation Holstein heifers. All heifers were fed a 30% concentrate (in dry matter) close-up ration three weeks before calving, then switched to a high-concentrate ration (60% dry matter), which was fed until the 70th day in milk (DIM) to induce SARA. Thereafter, all cows were fed the same post-SARA ration with around 36% concentrate in dry matter. Hoof trimming was performed before calving (visit 1), at 70 (visit 2) and at 160 DIM (visit 3). All claw lesions were recorded, and a Cow Claw Score (CCS) was calculated for each cow. Locomotion scores (LCS 1–5) were assessed at two-week intervals. Intraruminal sensors for continuous pH measurements were used to determine SARA (pH below 5.8 for more than 330 min in 24 h). The cluster analysis grouped the cows retrospectively into light (≤11%; n = 9), moderate (>11–<30%; n = 7), and severe (>30%; n = 8) SARA groups, based on the percentage of days individual cows experienced SARA. Statistically significant differences were found between SARA groups light and severe in terms of lameness incidence (p = 0.023), but not for LCS and claw lesion prevalence. Further, the analysis of maximum likelihood estimates revealed that for each day experiencing SARA, the likelihood of becoming lame increased by 2.52% (p = 0.0257). A significant increase in white line lesion prevalence was observed between visits 2 and 3 in the severe SARA group. The mean CCS in severe SARA group cows were higher at each visit compared to cows in the other two groups, but without statistical significance. Overall, this is the first study indicating that first-lactation cows fed a similar high-concentrate diet but with a higher severity of SARA tended to have poorer claw health, albeit with only partial statistical evidence.
Analytical formula of the thermal conductivity due to given coexisting electrostatic and magnetic fluctuations

An analytical formula of the thermal conductivity due to given coexisting electrostatic and magnetic fluctuations is derived in a large aspect straight tokamak with a small gyro-radius. The dependence of the thermal conductivity on particle species and the types of the fluctuations is clearly shown. When the ratio of the electrostatic energy to the magnetic energy is the order of the mass ratio of electrons to ions, χe is governed by the magnetic fluctuations and χi is governed by the electrostatic fluctuations, where χe and χi are thermal conductivities of electrons and ions, respectively.
SETDB1 induces lenalidomide resistance in multiple myeloma cells via epithelial‑mesenchymal transition and PI3K/AKT pathway activation

SET domain bifurcated histone lysine methyltransferase 1 (SETDB1) is a histone H3K9 methyltransferase that stimulates cell proliferation by methylating AKT, which contributes to drug resistance in multiple myeloma (MM). Lenalidomide is an immunomodulatory agent widely used in the treatment of MM. However, lenalidomide resistance occurs in patients with MM. Currently, the role of SETDB1 in lenalidomide resistance in MM remains unclear. Thus, the present study aimed to explore the functional association between SETDB1 and lenalidomide resistance in MM. The analysis of GEO datasets revealed that SETDB1 was upregulated in lenalidomide-resistant MM cells and that its expression was associated with poor prognosis of patients with MM. Apoptosis analysis revealed that overexpression of SETDB1 in MM cells significantly decreased apoptosis, while knockdown of SETDB1 increased apoptosis. Furthermore, the IC50 value of lenalidomide in MM cells increased following SETDB1 overexpression and decreased following SETDB1 silencing. Additionally, SETDB1 mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and activated the PI3K/AKT pathway. Mechanistic analysis revealed that inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling in MM cells increased apoptosis, sensitized the cells to lenalidomide and inhibited EMT, whereas SETDB1 overexpression inhibited the effects of PI3K/AKT cascade inhibition. In conclusion, the findings of the present study indicated that SETDB1 promoted lenalidomide resistance in MM cells by promoting EMT and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Thus, SETDB1 may be a potential therapeutic target for MM.
The prediction and measurement of the ultrasonic reflection coefficient from interlayers in adhesive joints

The nature of the thin interlayer between the adhesive and the adherend in adhesive joints with aluminium adherends is one of the major determinants of the strength and durability of the joint. It is therefore of great interest to monitor the properties of this layer and predictions presented at the 1992 Ultrasonics Symposium showed that measurement of the ultrasonic reflection coefficients from the interlayer, particularly at oblique incidence, is likely to be the most attractive practical technique. This paper presents experimental reflection coefficient measurements on joints with different adherend surface preparation procedures, and hence different interlayer properties. The results agree well with the predictions made using a transversely isotropic model of the interlayer. The anisotropy of the interlayer is produced by the pore structure of the oxide which is grown on the adherend surface during the preparation procedure and it is shown that the porosity of the oxide has a major influence on the detectability of the interlayer by reflection coefficient measurements