Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Discrete and continuous Hamiltonian systems for wave modelling

The main focus of this thesis is to develop numerical discretisations for both compressible and incompressible inviscid flows that also preserve conservation laws at the discrete level. Two alternative approaches are discussed in detail: a semi-analytical solution; and, a fully numerical discretisation. The semi-analytical solution is derived for the case of incompressible inertial gyroscopic waves in a three-dimensional rotating rectangular parallelepiped. By performing a detailed numerical comparison it is shown that the semi-analytical solution vastly improves on the state-of-the-art solution previously available in the literature. Despite the improved accuracy of this new semi-analytical solution, further comprehensive investigations revealed a small weakness near the boundaries of the domain. A novel finite element method is derived that compensates for the known weaknesses in both the original and new semi-analytical approaches. This numerical approach allowed further investigation of inertial waves and associated physical phenomena. Subsequently, the thesis investigates the development of conservation law preserving Hamiltonian discretisations modelling (in)compressible fluid flow in three-dimensional domains with various boundary conditions. The continuous Hamiltonian description of the physical phenomenon is discretised via a discontinuous Galerkin method, which allows the construction of highly stable, conservative, energy preserving numerical discretisations for both the compressible and incompressible cases. This numerical scheme preserves the Hamiltonian mathematical structure even at the discrete level, which facilitates highly accurate and robust simulations of (in)compressible fluid flows. For the particular case of inertial gyroscopic waves this numerical scheme is more robust and accurate than the corresponding aforementioned semi-analytical solutions. Finally, a new version (version 2) of the in-house open-source C++ software that enables fast and easy implementation of discontinuous Galerkin discretisations (hpGEM) is introduced. The discussion evolves around the philosophy, design principles and aim of the package. Additionally, a set of new features and guidelines how to use the package are highlighted via a series of illustrative, small, step-by-step examples.
Instances for the Maximum Clique Problem with Hardness Guarantees

Branch and bound algorithms which use (an estimate on) the chromatic number as the bounding function are reported among the best known exact algorithms for the maximum clique problem. Their average running time is known to be quasi-polynomial and describing families of instances which induce exponential running time for these algorithms is a non-trivial issue. We describe two such families of graphs. We prove that graphs in the first family induce asymptotically higher running time than the average for algorithms whose running time is Ω(c(G)) where c(G) is the number of cliques in G. We also prove that graphs in the second family induce exponential running time for branch and bound algorithms which use the chromatic number as the bounding function.
Context and Pedagogy as Signpoints to Authentic Learning Paths

In the Finnish National Core Curriculum for Compulsory Education (2014), the conception of language is based on the communal and functional linguistics model of language. From the perspectives of teaching and learning, this requires that learning contexts and pedagogies enable learning in such learning environments, roles, and processes where the pupil can think and act authentically, according to his or her age (National Core Curriculum 2014). Thus, in this article we examine the integration of subject teaching with topic teaching in the frameworks of sociocultural learning, functional linguistics, and authentic learning, in the contextual-pedagogical learning landscape, where the individuality of learners as well as timely learning support (scaffolding) in the zone of proximal development (Vygotsky 1978) enable the learning of content as part of interdisciplinary learning. The subject Finnish language and literature is defined as a interdisciplinary, practical, theoretical, and cultural subject (National Core Curriculum 2014) that requires cooperation with other subjects. This article will present a interdisciplinary approach to learning, where the thematic context created for learning gives meaning to the subject related content that must be learned, and where the ability to acquire the core content of the subject becomes a prerequisite for the processing of the theme or topic presented through the thematic context.
Every null additive set of reals is meager additive

We show that every null-additive set is meager-additive, where: (1) a set X subseteq 2^omega is null-additive if for every Lebesgue null set A subseteq 2^omega, X+A is null too; (2) we say that X subseteq 2^omega is meager-additive if for every A subseteq 2^omega which is meager also X+A is meager.
Lyapunov analysis of semistability

Semistability is the property whereby the solutions of a system converge to stable equilibrium points determined by the initial conditions. Important applications of this notion of stability include lateral aircraft dynamics and the dynamics of chemical reactions. A notion central to semistability theory is that of convergence in which every solution converges to a limit point that may depend upon the initial condition. We give sufficient conditions for convergence and semistability of nonlinear systems. By way of illustration, we apply these results to study the semistability of linear systems and some nonlinear systems.
Energy Storage System Sizing for Peak Hour Utility Applications

In future smart grids, energy storage systems (ESSs) are expected to play a key role in reducing peak hour electricity generation cost and the associated level of carbon emissions. Considering their high acquisition, operation, and maintenance costs, ESSs are likely to serve a large number of users. Hence, optimal sizing of energy ESSs plays a critical role as over-provisioning ESS size leads to under-utilizing costly assets and under-provisioning it taxes operation lifetime. This paper proposes a stochastic framework for analyzing the optimal size of energy storage systems. In this framework the demand of each customer is modeled stochastically and the aggregate demand is accommodated by a combination of power drawn from the grid and the storage unit when the demand exceed grid capacity. In this framework an analytical method is developed, which provides tractable solution to the ESS sizing problem of interest. The results indicate that significant savings in terms of ESS size can be achieved.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Dysregulated Autophagy in Human Pancreatic Beta Cells

Pancreatic beta cell homeostasis is crucial for the synthesis and secretion of insulin; disruption of homeostasis causes diabetes, and is a treatment target. Adaptation to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress through the unfolded protein response (UPR) and adequate regulation of autophagy, which are closely linked, play essential roles in this homeostasis. In diabetes, the UPR and autophagy are dysregulated, which leads to beta cell failure and death. Various studies have explored methods to preserve pancreatic beta cell function and mass by relieving ER stress and regulating autophagic activity. To promote clinical translation of these research results to potential therapeutics for diabetes, we summarize the current knowledge on ER stress and autophagy in human insulin-secreting cells.
Training sebagai Sumber Motivasi yang dapat Meningkatkan Kinerja Karyawan

Training does not always directly contribute to employee performance, especially in the context of small organizations. Therefore, researchers must take a mediation approach. This study aims to verify whether motivation can act as an effective mediator in the relationship between training and employee performance. For this purpose, questionnaires have been distributed to a number of Jambi batik craftsmen who were selected randomly. The collected data were analyzed by path analysis technique. The results of the analysis show that motivation has proven to be successful in being a mediator in the relationship between training and employee performance. This is because the competencies that craftsmen gain from effective training programs give them confidence so that they feel motivated in doing their jobs because the knowledge and skills match what they need. This explains that effective training not only gives employees the competencies but also the necessary work motivation. Based on these findings, small organizations such as the batik industry are recommended to design effective training programs for their artisans.
Impact of Dividend and Leverage on Free Cash Flow in The Context of Agency Problem: Evidence from Pakistan

Objective: The purpose of this paper is to study the agency theory problem. To test the free cash flow (FCF) hypothesis to reduce the agency theory in firms operating in Pakistan. Further, this paper gives an overview of financial reporting conditions and corporate governance practices. Design/methodology/approach: This study has applied panel regression on data. It is collected from 2010 to 2017 from companies listed in the Pakistan stock exchange. This paper used the Fixed and Random effect model to test the relationship. The current study collected data from 119 companies from the stock exchange of Pakistan. Findings: We find that the free cash flow hypothesis exists in firms listed in the Pakistan stock exchange. Debt is the more proper approach to reduce the free cash flows in management control than the dividend. Furthermore, we find that capital expenditure adds to the value of the firms. Originality/value: This study is the first analysis of the agency theory problem to measure the effectiveness of the free cash flow (FCF) hypothesis in the context of public sector nonfinancial firms in the Pakistan Stock exchange. The study contributes to the literature of corporate laws, agency theory, and the dividend payment patterns adopted by firms.
NONLINEAR FOURIER ANALYSIS OF LABORATORY GENERATED, BROAD-BANDED SURFACE WAVES

This paper describes the application of a new data analysis procedure, which the authors refer to as nonlinear Fourier analysis, to broad-banded surface waves measured in the laboratory. Using this approach a nonlinear surface wave train or wave field may be described as a linear superposition of nonlinearly interacting sine waves, Stokes waves, cnoidal weaves and solitons. The theory is based upon the spectral/scattering transform solution to the Korteweg-de Vries equation with periodic boundary conditions. It is shown how the method can be used to analyse broad-banded surface wave data described by the Pierson-Moskowitz spectrum. Certain nonlinear spectral components are interpreted in terms of radiation stress, a low frequency contribution to the spectrum induced by second order nonlinearities in the wave motion.
On independent set of Lee distance Gray codes

In a Gray code C, the set of k/sup n/ vectors over Z/sub k//sup n/ is arranged in a sequence such that two adjacent vectors are at a Lee distance one. It is assumed that the first and the last vectors in this sequence are also at a distance 1. Two Gray codes, C/sub 1/ and C/sub 2/, over Z/sub k//sup n/ are said to be independent if two words, a and b, are adjacent in C/sub 1/ (or C/sub 2/), then they are not adjacent in C/sub 2/ (or C/sub 1/). If k/spl ges/3, we can have at most n sets of independent Gray codes; for k=2, this number is [n/2].
A Systematic Literature Review on the Use of Deep Learning in Precision Livestock Detection and Localization Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

With the ever-increasing importance of dairy and meat production, precision livestock farming (PLF) using advanced information technologies is emerging to improve farming production systems. The latest automation, connectivity, and artificial intelligence developments open new horizons to monitor livestock in the pasture, controlled environments, and open environments. Due to the significance of livestock detection and tracking, this systematic review extracts and summarizes the existing deep learning (DL) techniques in PLF using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). In the context of livestock recognition studies, UAVs are receiving growing attention due to their flexible data acquisition and operation in different conditions. This review examines the implemented DL architectures and scrutinizes the broadly exploited evaluation metrics, attributes, and databases. The classification of most UAV livestock monitoring systems using DL techniques is in three categories: detection, classification, and localization. Correspondingly, this paper discusses the future benefits and drawbacks of these DL-based PLF approaches using UAV imagery. Additionally, this paper describes alternative methods used to mitigate issues in PLF. The aim of this work is to provide insights into the most relevant studies on the development of UAV-based PLF systems focused on deep neural network-based techniques.
Impacto del Covid-19 en la salud mental, uso y barreras en atención psicológica en España

La pandemia de Covid-19 ha tenido un grave impacto en la salud mental de la población, que además ha visto mermado su acceso a atención psicológica por diversas barreras. El objetivo del presente estudio es comparar el estado de salud mental de la población española al inicio del confinamiento (N = 3480) y 12 meses después (N = 550), y describir el uso de servicios de atención psicológica y sus principales barreras de acceso. Los participantes completaron una encuesta online. El 40% de la muestra reveló haber tenido problemas de salud mental desde el inicio de la pandemia, de los cuales el 23.4% señalaron haber recibido algún tipo de atención. La mayor parte refirieron no haber buscado atención porque pudieron manejar los problemas por sí mismos, sus problemas mejoraron solos, o no pudieron costearse tratamiento. La atención de los problemas de salud mental debe ser una prioridad para abordar el impacto psicológico del Covid-19.Alternate : The COVID-19 pandemic has had a serious impact on the mental health of the population, which also has been affected by various barriers to access to psychological care. The aim of the current study is to compare the mental health status of the Spanish population between the onset of confinement (N = 3480) to 12 months later (N = 550), and to describe the use of psychological care services and the main barriers to access. Study participants completed an online survey. Forty percent of the sample reported experiencing a mental health problem since the pandemic’s onset, of which 23.4% reported having received some kind of care. The majority reported not seeking care because they could handle the problems on their own, their problems got better on their own, or they could not afford treatment. The psychological effects of the pandemic have been increasing since its onset, so attention to mental health problems should be a priority.
Multi-Cell MIMO User Rate Balancing with Imperfect CSIT: SESIP vs. RESIP

In this work, we consider the max-min user rate balancing problem w.r. t. imperfect Channel Knowledge at the Transmitter (CSIT), namely: expected user rate balancing. This combines an operation of balancing at the user level and sum rate maximization at the level of the user streams. For the imperfect CSIT, we exploit an approximation of the expected rate as the Expected Signal and Interference Power (ESIP) rate, based on an original minorizer for every individual rate term. We study the latter with two expected rate approximations: i) Received signal level ESIP (RESIP), which may seem the most natural, and ii) Stream level ESIP (SESIP), which requires some more work for the stream level power optimization. Simulation results confirm the intuition that SESIP outperforms RESIP when the number of streams is lower than the number of receive antennas.
Studies on Holonomic Quantum Fields (超局所解析)

In this note we shall give a symplectic version of the 2-dimensional operator theory, previously expounded in the orthogonal case [2], [5], [6]. Oi particular interest is the neutral theory discussed in 4. Corresponding to the bose field (a) [1], there arises a strongly interacting fermi field gB(ol)--t((jgB+(b),(jgB_(ob)). These two fields (a) and (a) are shown to share the same S-matrix in common, and their r-functions are related to each other through simple formulas (34), (36), (38)-(39) (cf. IV-(49) [2]). We remark that the 1-dimensional Riemann-Hilbert problem [4], [8] is also dealt with in the symplectic ramework. We follow the notations used throughout this series [1]-[6]. The author wishes to express his heartiest thanks to Prof. M. Sato and Dr. T. Miwa or many discussions and valuable suggestions. 1o Let W be an N-dimensional complex vector space equipped with a skew-symmetric inner product (, . Let A(W) be the algebra generated by W with the defining relation ww’--w’w=(w, w’}. Denote by S(W) the symmetric tensor algebra over W. As in the orthogonal case [3], [7], the norm map
A Miniature Soft Sensor with Origami-Inspired Self-Folding Parallel Mechanism

Miniature soft sensors are crucial for the perception of soft robots. Although centimeter-scale sensors have been well developed, very few works addressed millimeter-scale, three-dimensional-shaped soft sensors capable of measuring multi-axis forces. In this work, we developed a millimeter-scale (overall size of 6 mm × 11 mm × 11 mm) soft sensor based on liquid metal printing technology and self-folding origami parallel mechanism. The origami design of the sensor enables the soft sensor to be manufactured within the plane and then fold into a three-dimensional shape. Furthermore, the parallel mechanism allows the sensor to rotate along two orthogonal axes. We showed that the soft sensor can be self-folded (took 17 s) using a shape-memory polymer and magnets. The results also showed that the sensor prototype can reach a deformation of up to 20 mm at the tip. The sensor can realize a measurement of external loads in six directions. We also showed that the soft sensor enables underwater sensing with a minimum sensitivity of 20 mm/s water flow. This work may provide a new manufacturing method and insight into future millimeter-scale soft sensors for bio-inspired robots.
Investigating the Relationship between Inflation and Economic Growth: A Case of Pakistan

We re-evaluate empirically the relationship in inflation, and economic growth for Pakistan over the period of 1985 to 2019. Using the Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) method, this study used the Wald and F-Bound test to find out long-term relationships between these variables and investigate the effect of Inflation over Pakistan economic growth and trade. Our result indicates inflation is negatively affecting economic growth and terms of trade in long run. The results showed that a moderate level of inflation is beneficial for growth and trade while high level or double-digit figure inflation harmful for Pakistan economy. According to the results of the study, inflation is away from its equilibrium value. Error correction term”- 0.16” reveals that 16 percent adjustment has been occurred during the year in the short run-in economic growth. This study also shows that inflation and Terms of trade volatility in Pakistan has negative relation. When Inflation increases terms of trade decreases and vice versa. It reveals that a low and stable rate of inflation boost the trade which leads to prosperity of the countrymen while high rate of inflation is detrimental for economic growth and Trade.
Finite temperature R-squared quantum gravity

The quantum gravity path integral's measure can be written as the product of classical backgrounds and quantum fluctuations about each background. After proving that fluctuations about the background do not diffuse in Hilbert space and obey the laws of many-body statistics, their probability distributions, entropy, and expected background are determined. This background obeys expectation-valued Einstein equations and features an entropy-based positive cosmological constant. From the fluctuation probability distributions, a finite temperature, R-squared, quantum gravity path integral is constructed whose action presents an interaction picture of quantum gravity that `moves with' the expected background in Hilbert space. Within this interaction picture of quantum fluctuations about an expected background, the fields required to describe quantum gravity have been transformed into `ordinary' quantum fields propagating on this `rigid' or `fixed' expected background. Back-reaction has been fully accounted for, and the quantum formulation is manifestly background independent.
The effect of goat’s milk consumption on the clinical health of middle-aged adults with lactose intolerance

Introduction: People with lactose intolerance are suggested to consume dietary items containing less lactose, such as goat’s milk. This study aimed to investigate the effects of goat’s milk powder on the health of lactose intolerant middle-aged adults. Methods: A total of 60 subjects were recruited into this randomised controlled trial. They were divided into four groups and received different dietary interventions (goat’s milk, goat’s milk with curcumin, goat’s milk with coffee, lactose-free milk) for five weeks. Health effects were compared between pre- and post-intervention. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters (blood glucose, insulin, lipid profile, C-reactive protein, and lactoferrin) were evaluated. Dietary intake was recorded using a food record. Results: Fifty-one lactose intolerant subjects completed the study. After ingestion of goat’s milk, there were significant reductions in body fat (p=0.033) and a significant increase in the percentage of muscle (p=0.021). Waist circumference (WC) decreased in both the goat’s milk with curcumin and goat’s milk with coffee groups (p<0.05 for all). Unfortunately, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) dropped after the five-week intervention in the goat’s milk group (p=0.002). Lactoferrin level of the goat’s milk group was higher than other groups at post-intervention (p<0.001). Besides, the goat’s milk with coffee group seemed to consume more carbohydrates after completing the intervention (p=0.034). Conclusion: A five-week intake of goat’s milk reduced the risk of abdominal obesity among middle-aged adults. In addition, it resulted in improved lactoferrin levels.
Widely Linear System Estimation with Zero Complementary Autocorrelation Sequences

In this paper, the identification of widely linear (WL) systems using sequences with an impulse-like periodic autocorrelation and a zero complementary periodic autocorrelation is addressed. Closed form expressions for sequences with unitary peak to average power ratio (PAPR) suited for the identification of these systems are presented. The analysis shows that the filter impulse responses of the WL system can be estimated from the second order statistics of the system output and the probing sequence. Numerical simulations are provided to verify the variance of the estimation error.