Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular characterization of MHC class I genes in Four species of Turdidae family to assess genetic diversity and selection.

In vertebrate animals, the molecules encoded by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes play an essential role in the adaptive immunity. MHC class I deal with intracellular pathogens (Virus) in birds. MHC class I diversity depends on the consequence of local and global environment selective pressure and gene ﬂow. Here, we evaluated the MHC class I gene in four species of Turdidae family from a broad geographical area of northeast China. We isolated 77 MHC class I sequence, including 47 putatively functional sequences and 30 pseudo sequences from 80 individuals. Method based on analysis of cloned amplicons (n=25) for each species, we found two and seven MHC I sequence per individual indicates more than one MHC I loci identiﬁed in all sampled species. Results revealed an overall elevated genetic diversity at MHC class I, evidence of diﬀerent selection patterns among the domains of PBR and non-PBR. Alleles found to be divergent with overall polymorphic sites per species ranging between 58 to 70 (out of 291 sites). Moreover, trans-species alleles were evident due to convergent evolution or recent speciation for the genus. Phylogenetic relationships among MHC I show an intermingling of alleles clustering among Turdidae family rather than between other passerines. Pronounced MHC I gene diversity is essential for existence of species. Our study signiﬁes a valuable tool for the characterization of evolutionary relevant diﬀerence across a population of birds with high conservational concerns.
Backscatter Analysis of Multibeam Sonar Data in the Area of the Valdivia Fracture Zone using Geocoder in CARIS HIPS&SIPS and IVS3D Fledermaus

This thesis deals with a backscatter analysis of multibeam echosounder data acquired during RV Sonne cruise SO213 leg 1 in the area of the Valdivia Fracture Zone in the South-East Pacific. An area of 53 x 25 km² was systematically mapped with profiles in diverse directions using a Simrad EM 120 of Kongsberg (12 kHz). For ground-truthing three sediment samples were recorded. The raw backscatter data was processed with Geocoder in CARIS HIPS and SIPS and FMGeocoder Toolbox (Fledermaus). Geocoder was originally developed by Dr. Luciano Fonseca and is licensed by the University of New Hampshire. It was implemented in both commercial software packages recently. At first, radiometric and geometric corrections for image restoration, enhancement, and geometric rectification were applied to the dataset. Both software packages returned similar results, but it could be observed that the computation of the actual slope for a removal of topographic effects did not work to full extent in either software. Following initial processing, mosaicing of individual data files into one large seabed image was accomplished using a weighted interpolation method to reduce nadir and seam-effects. This method assigns lower weights to backscatter measurements of the very inner and towards the outer beams. An examination of the results revealed that the mosaic obtained by FMGeocoder Toolbox showed less artifacts and therefore a more homogeneous image. Geocoder provides the possibility of an automatic sediment classification employing an Angular Range Analysis (ARA). This was tested for both software products with diverse settings (with and without ground-truthing) for an evaluation of the results. The estimations of sediment type distribution in both Geocoder implementations differed significantly from one another. Even though the removal of topographic effects did not work properly, the sediment classification yielded acceptable estimations for some of the tested settings. Although the seafloor topography influenced the appearance of backscatter strengths in the mosaic, a conclusion on the sediment type distribution of the investigation area was possible based on the angle-invariant backscatter information, the recovered sedimant samples, and echograms of a sub-bottom profiler.
Models for Initial Allocation of Emission Permits in a River Basin During Industrial Development: A Case Study of Huaihe River Basin, China

Abstract At present, water pollutant emission trading plays an increasingly important role in pollution control in many foreign countries, and its pilot studies and demonstration have also been started in China. In order to solve the problem of initial allocation of emission permits: premise and basis of emission trading in a river basin, basic principles on initial allocation of actual emission permits in China are put forward. And it is thought that local development stage of industry should be taken into full account for initial allocation model of emission permits. There are five different allocation models in different development stages of industry, including models like distribution according to needs, improved same-rate reduction, performance, integration and environmental capacity, etc. The initial allocation of emission permits in various basins should choose a suitable model in accordance with their respective development stages. It is suggested in this article that integrated allocation model should be a main choice for current development stage of industry in China.
Change in Tourism: People, Places, Processes

This collection explores the theme of change in tourism. Key issues stemming from political change, the effects of new forms of technology, new forms of tourism such as eco-tourism and changes in traditional forms of tourism are looked at in detail. Contributors also look at resource constraints and approaches to planning for tourism in the future. Drawn from the work of the International Academy for the Study of Tourism, this volume is international and multidisciplinary in approach, and it offers a variety of viewpoints on important aspects of change in tourism.
Image analysis methods, geo-statistics and GIS techniques to derive spatial budgets for benthic communities at mud volcanoes

Currently, the multitude of information about marine geophysical, biological data and spatial patterns increases tremendously. Compared to the increasing amount of information only a few concepts and techniques are applied for efficient visualisation and optimal analysis of present and upcoming data sets. There is a considerable need for ageneralised analysis of acoustic data, still photographs, video flows and video mosaics of the sea floor. For example, more than 4200 geo-referenced video mosaics have been derived during the RV Polarstern equipped with the remotely operated vehicle (ROV) Victor6000 cruise to the Hakon Mosby Mud Volcano (HMMV) in 2003. Therefore the automatic or semiautomatic image analysis gains more and more in importance concerning greyscale, colour, texture and contour detection.An automatic extraction of the areas of interest could be realized by edge detection andgeometrical shape recognition of the Freeman Chaincode algorithm. The transmission of the shapes into polygons allows a further spatial analysis within GIS and with geostatistical methods. This includes spatial budgets of geological and biogeochemical cycles and characterisation of habitats at the seafloor based on the combination ofseveral information layers.The geo-statistical methodology is used to be practiced to analyse structures and to describe spatial patterns. The classical tool, the interpolation, takes place in describing the variography of spatial dependence of data (semi-variance) as a function oftheir distance. This spatial variability is examined in order to derive a model which describes the spatial characteristics of the variables. This model is the crucial input for the actual interpolation, the Kriging. The Indicator Kriging used in this study operates with data from a bivariate data type to predict the probability of thresholds (e.g. occurrence yes (1) or no (0)) of the same data type at unsampled locations. Thus the kriged surfaces reveal whether the probability of occurrence of a certain habitat indicator e.g. bacteria mats < 50% is particularly high or particularly low. This can be accomplished successively for all interesting regions. Finally a potential habitat map of the benthic communities at HMMV results from the interpolation. Some surfaces can remain undefined, since the Kriging permits an interpolation only up to the distancedetermined by the semivariogram. Beyond that no statements about surfaces aremade. For validation of the computed results, Kriging allows calculation of standard errors of prediction. Furthermore, we applied a cross-validation analysis which givesinformation about the accuracy of the computed maps.The combination of semiautomatic video mosaic analysis and geo-statistical methods enables us to estimate the percentage of coverage by diverse parameters. The different information layers were overlaid by GIS technique for the consideration of different geochemical habitats, mud flows and calculation of spatial budgets.
Distributed SociaLite: A Datalog-Based Language for Large-Scale Graph Analysis

Large-scale graph analysis is becoming important with the rise of world-wide social network services. Recently in SociaLite, we proposed extensions to Datalog to efficiently and succinctly implement graph analysis programs on sequential machines. This paper describes novel extensions and optimizations of SociaLite for parallel and distributed executions to support large-scale graph analysis. With distributed SociaLite, programmers simply annotate how data are to be distributed, then the necessary communication is automatically inferred to generate parallel code for cluster of multi-core machines. It optimizes the evaluation of recursive monotone aggregate functions using a delta stepping technique. In addition, approximate computation is supported in SociaLite, allowing programmers to trade off accuracy for less time and space. We evaluated SociaLite with six core graph algorithms used in many social network analyses. Our experiment with 64 Amazon EC2 8-core instances shows that SociaLite programs performed within a factor of two with respect to ideal weak scaling. Compared to optimized Giraph, an open-source alternative of Pregel, SociaLite programs are 4 to 12 times faster across benchmark algorithms, and 22 times more succinct on average. As a declarative query language, SociaLite, with the help of a compiler that generates efficient parallel and approximate code, can be used easily to create many social apps that operate on large-scale distributed graphs.
MiniMax Entropy Network: Learning Category-Invariant Features for Domain Adaptation

How to effectively learn from unlabeled data from the target domain is crucial for domain adaptation, as it helps reduce the large performance gap due to domain shift or distribution change. In this paper, we propose an easy-to-implement method dubbed MiniMax Entropy Networks (MMEN) based on adversarial learning. Unlike most existing approaches which employ a generator to deal with domain difference, MMEN focuses on learning the categorical information from unlabeled target samples with the help of labeled source samples. Specifically, we set an unfair multi-class classifier named categorical discriminator, which classifies source samples accurately but be confused about the categories of target samples. The generator learns a common subspace that aligns the unlabeled samples based on the target pseudo-labels. For MMEN, we also provide theoretical explanations to show that the learning of feature alignment reduces domain mismatch at the category level. Experimental results on various benchmark datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our method over existing state-of-the-art baselines.
SPECIFIC SEQUESTERING AGENTS FOR THE ACTINIDES. 6. SYNTHETIC AND STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY OF TETRAKIS(DIALKYLHYDROXAMATE)-THORIUM(IV) COMPLEXES.

LBL-12156 Preprint ~ U\W~fl\>{fi 'fLA MAR 'f ANQ DOCUMENTS Submitted to the Journal of the American Chemical Society SPECIFIC SEQUESTERING AGENTS FOR THE ACTINIDES. 6. SYNTHETIC AND STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY OF TETRAKIS(DIALKYLHYDROXAMATE)-THORIUM(IV) COMPLEXES William L. Smith and Kenneth N. Raymond November 1980 TWO-WEEK LOAN COPY This is a Library Circulating Copy which may be borrowed for two weeks. For a personal retention copy, call Tech. Info. Division~ Ext. 6782. Prepared for the U.S. D'epartment of Energy under Contract W-7405-ENG-48
Van der Waals Density Functional Theory vdW-DFq for Semihard Materials

There are a large number of materials with mild stiffness, which are not as soft as tissues and not as strong as metals. These semihard materials include energetic materials, molecular crystals, layered materials, and van der Waals crystals. The integrity and mechanical stability are mainly determined by the interactions between instantaneously induced dipoles, the so called London dispersion force or van der Waals force. It is challenging to accurately model the structural and mechanical properties of these semihard materials in the frame of density functional theory where the non-local correlation functionals are not well known. Here, we propose a van der Waals density functional named vdW-DFq to accurately model the density and geometry of semihard materials. Using β -cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine as a prototype, we adjust the enhancement factor of the exchange energy functional with generalized gradient approximations. We find this method to be simple and robust over a wide tuning range when calibrating the functional on-demand with experimental data. With a calibrated value q = 1.05 , the proposed vdW-DFq method shows good performance in predicting the geometries of 11 common energetic material molecular crystals and three typical layered van der Waals crystals. This success could be attributed to the similar electronic charge density gradients, suggesting a wide use in modeling semihard materials. This method could be useful in developing non-empirical density functional theories for semihard and soft materials.
MINIMUM SIZE LIMITS FOR YELLOW PERCH (PERCA FLAVESCENS) IN WESTERN LAKE ERIE

1 Background. 1 Analytical approach . 4 Delineation of the resource . 4 Source of data . 4 General approach. 4 Procedures and results . 5 Growth. 5 Mortality . 5 Yield. 7 Average stock weight . 20 Abrosov indicator of spawning frequency . 21 Conclusions and recommendations . 25 Special considerations . 30 Protocol for evaluating response of the resource to experimental management . 30 Epilogue. 3 1 Acknowledgments . 3 1 References. 3 1 MINIMUM SIZE LIMITS FOR YELLOW PERCH (PERCA FLAVESCENS) IN WESTERN LAKE ERIE Wilbur L. Hartman, Stephen J. Nepszy, and Russell L. Scholl
Conservation Prioritization using Multi-criteria Decision Model: A Case Study in Part of Western Himalayan Ecoregion

Vegetation and land use map was prepared using the satellite image of IRS-1D LISS III sensor. Four vegetation types were mapped, viz., temperate broadleaf forest, temperate conifer forest, pine forest and degraded forest. Different forest types were characterized for conservation prioritization based on parameters obtained through field sampling and landscape analysis. These parameters were (i) species diversity, (ii) mosaic diversity, (iii) total plant value, and (iv) contagion. The areas of low, medium and high priorities for conservation were mapped by integration of weighted input computed through analytic hierarchy process of these parameters. Present approach of area prioritization considered biodiversity as well as ecosystem attributes to provide better information to natural resource managers. Keywords: Area prioritization, conservation, contagion, western Himalaya
The Three-Factor Model and Size and Value Premiums in China’s Stock Market

ABSTRACT Using monthly data from China’s Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) A-share market between 2005 and 2012, this article performs an empirical study on the applicability of the three-factor model to China’s stock market. After testing twenty-five size-BE/ME stock portfolios and four stock sector portfolios, we found that the three-factor model, adjusted for the unique features of China’s stock market, generally fits the SSE A-share market well. The results show that size and value premiums are significant in China’s stock market, although there exist modest differences among industrial sectors. In addition, our empirical results are robust to factor sorting and construction methods.
A Neotectonic Model of Taiwan, with a Focus on the Longitudinal Valley Suture

The disastrous effects of the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan demonstrated an urgent need for better knowledge of the island's potential earthquake sources as well as their neotectonic context. Toward this end, we have utilized digital elevation models of the island to prepare a neotectonic map of Taiwan and proposed a neotectonic model for the orogen. Taiwan's numerous active faults and folds reveal that the active orogen is a tandem suturing and tandem disengagement of a volcanic arc and a continental sliver to and from the Eurasian continental margin. The collision and suturing in the southern part of the orogen and the post-collisional collapse and extension in the island's northern and northeastern flanks have produced eleven distinct neotectonic domains. Each domain is defined by a distinctive suite of active structures. In most of the domains, the size of the principal active fault is large enough to produce future earthquakes with magnitudes in the mid-7 range. In order to further understand the suturing processes, we have focused the second part of our investigation on the Longitudinal Valley suture in eastern Taiwan. The earthquakes of November 1951 within this suture constitute one of the most destructive seismic episodes in Taiwan's history. The surface ruptures of the earthquakes consist of three distinct sections, two of which are along segments of the Longitudinal Valley fault. From fluvial terraces along the Hsiukuluan River, we have reconstructed a shallow listric geometry for the Longitudinal Valley fault. On the other hand, many uplifted lateritic fluvial terraces along the eastern flank of the Central Range indicate the presence of a west-dipping Central Range reverse fault. We believe the majority of the horizontal shortening across the Longitudinal Valley suture is accommodated by the slip on the Longitudinal Valley fault. The remaining horizontal convergence may be absorbed by a combination of slip on the Central Range fault and subsidence of the Longitudinal Valley floor. The along-strike difference in geometry of the two major faults along the Longitudinal Valley is likely the manifestation of the northward maturation of the suturing of the Luzon volcanic arc to the Central Range continental sliver.
QUANTITATIVE ULTRASONIC CHARACTERIZATION OF DIFFUSE SCATTERERS IN THE PRESENCE OF STRUCTURES THAT PRODUCE COHERENT ECHOES BY ADAM C. LUCHIES

Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) techniques that parameterize the backscattered signal power spectrum have demonstrated significant promise for ultrasonic tissue characterization. Some QUS parameters, including the effective scatterer diameter (ESD) and the effective acoustic concentration (EAC) that can be used for disease detection and diagnosis, require the assumption that the examined medium contains uniform diffuse scatterers. Structures that invalidate this assumption can significantly affect the estimated QUS parameters and decrease performance when classifying disease. In this study, methods were developed to reduce the effects of echoes that invalidate the assumption of uniform diffuse scattering. In order to accomplish this task, backscattered signal sections containing non-diffuse echoes were identified and removed from the QUS analysis. In the first strategy, the data blocks used in the QUS estimation process and that contained nondiffuse echoes were identified and excluded from the QUS characterization of the diffuse scatterers. In the second strategy, power spectra were estimated using a method to reduce or eliminate the effects of non-diffuse echoes on the estimated data block power spectra. QUS analysis was then performed on the modified data block power spectra. Simulations and experiments were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the developed methods. Results indicate that the methods were able to significantly reduce or eliminate the effects of non-diffuse echoes that might exist in the backscattered signal. The methods provide a means to improve the diagnostics of QUS techniques by allowing separate analysis of diffuse and non-diffuse scatterers.
Three implementations of the tone reservation PAPR reduction scheme for the FBMC/OQAM system

The fifth generation upcoming applications require an alternative multicarrier modulation (MCM) scheme rather than the well-known orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme. Filter bank multicarrier with offset quadrature amplitude modulation (FBMC/OQAM) is the most suitable scheme to meet this requirement. However, as an MCM, the high peak to average power ratio (PAPR) is a significant problem which upsets the FBMC/OQAM signal. In the presence of a non-linear high power amplifier, FBMC/OQAM signals with high PAPR can be strongly distorted. To date, the PAPR reduction technique called tone reservation (TR) has been revised and adapted to the overlapping nature of the FBMC/OQAM signal in many research works. In view of that, the authors (i) present two refined TR methods deemed relevant for reducing the PAPR of the FBMC/OQAM and (ii) compare their performances with those of some existing versions of TR PAPR reduction methods.
Blue light is essential for high light acclimation and photoprotection in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum

The objective of the present study was to test the hypothesis that the acclimation to different light intensities in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum is controlled by light quality perception mechanisms. Therefore, semi-continuous cultures of P. tricornutum were illuminated with equal amounts of photosynthetically absorbed radiation of blue (BL), white (WL), and red light (RL) and in combination of two intensities of irradiance, low (LL) and medium light (ML). Under LL conditions, growth rates and photosynthesis rates were similar for all cultures. However, BL cultures were found to be in an acclimation state with an increased photoprotective potential. This was deduced from an increased capacity of non-photochemical quenching, a larger pool of xanthophyll cycle pigments, and a higher de-epoxidation state of xanthophyll cycle pigments compared to WL and RL cultures. Furthermore, in the chloroplast membrane proteome of BL cells, an upregulation of proteins involved in photoprotection, e.g. the Lhcx1 protein and zeaxanthin epoxidase, was evident. ML conditions induced increased photosynthesis rates and a further enhanced photoprotective potential for algae grown under BL and WL. In contrast, RL cultures exhibited no signs of acclimation towards increased irradiance. The data implicate that in diatoms the photoacclimation to high light intensities requires the perception of blue light.
Visibility and movement: towards a GIS-based integrated approach

A continuing theme since the initial adoption of GIS technology by archaeologists has been the modelling of visibility and movement as ways of understanding past landscapes and he people who inhabited them. The underlying issues have been fully explored elsewhere and here we briefly introduce only the main points relevant to the work presented in this paper. Modelling visibility and movement is usually justified through an interest in "perceiving the landscape" and an attempt to move GIS-based analysis away from "detached objectivism" (describing landscape as if viewing from a distance) towards "situated subjectivity" (trying to understand landscape from experiencing it directly).