Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gender Classification of Complex Face Images Based on AdaBoost

This paper proposes a face-based gender classifier which is based on Adaboost, and selects the face database with different color, angle and illumination. A variety of feature extraction methods are used to reduce the dimension, noise and calculation of the sample, and ensure a high recognition rate. The simulation results show that the proposed classifier can complete the gender classification work with the interference of skin color, angle and illumination, and the error rate is only 7.5%, what is more, the training and recognition speed is also get improved.
Machine-learning in radiative transfer

Radiative transfer (RT) codes have many applications ranging from weather/climate predictions and atmospheric sciences to remote sensing and astrophysics. However, traditional RT codes are computationally very expensive and increasingly unable to process the large amounts of data resulting from modern global circulation models (GCM) or satellite feeds. One way to alleviate this problem is to use statistical emulators, i.e., fast and accurate approximate models based on statistical inference, to replace the deterministic RT codes. In his paper, we develop a statistical surrogate model which allows us to predict the radiances or brightness temperatures, i.e., the amount of electromagnetic energy measured by an electro-optical sensor, from the atmospheric state variables. The emulator is based on Gaussian Processes (GPs) which, for our purposes, are deemed to have several advantages over neural networks (NN). Unlike neural networks, GPs provide an analytical expression for the predictive error, the underlying model is interpretable and differentiable and the datasets required for training the model are considerably smaller than those for NNs.
EFFECTS OF FINE WOODY DEBRIS ON ARTHROPOD COMMUNITIES IN THE

is modifying weather patterns, including the frequency and intensity of The ecological consequences of these storms have primarily been studied for warm weather storms, as hurricanes. During the of 2017-18, New experienced an increase in snowstorms. These storms caused significant tree damage, mostly consisting of broken branches and limbs. For the NJ Pinelands, this produced an atypical environment. The increased fine woody debris (FWD) altered the forest floor, increasing its habitat complexity. We tested the hypothesis that a forest floor with increased FWD would result in increased ground dwelling arthropod abundance and diversity, with potential shifts in composition. We conducted a field experiment in the NJ Pinelands with varying levels of FWD (removal, control, & addition treatments).
A Century of Technology in Anesthesia & Analgesia

Technological innovation has been closely intertwined with the growth of modern anesthesiology as a medical and scientific discipline. Anesthesia & Analgesia, the longest-running physician anesthesiology journal in the world, has documented key technological developments in the specialty over the past 100 years. What began as a focus on the fundamental tools needed for effective anesthetic delivery has evolved over the century into an increasing emphasis on automation, portability, and machine intelligence to improve the quality, safety, and efficiency of patient care.
How poor is the stimulus? Evaluating hierarchical generalization in neural networks trained on child-directed speech

When acquiring syntax, children consistently choose hierarchical rules over competing non-hierarchical possibilities. Is this preference due to a learning bias for hierarchical structure, or due to more general biases that interact with hierarchical cues in children’s linguistic input? We explore these possibilities by training LSTMs and Transformers - two types of neural networks without a hierarchical bias - on data similar in quantity and content to children’s linguistic input: text from the CHILDES corpus. We then evaluate what these models have learned about English yes/no questions, a phenomenon for which hierarchical structure is crucial. We find that, though they perform well at capturing the surface statistics of child-directed speech (as measured by perplexity), both model types generalize in a way more consistent with an incorrect linear rule than the correct hierarchical rule. These results suggest that human-like generalization from text alone requires stronger biases than the general sequence-processing biases of standard neural network architectures.
Generating Synthetic RGB-D Datasets for Texture-less Surfaces Reconstruction

Monocular 3D reconstruction is a major computer vision task. The state-of-the-art 1 approaches mainly focus on datasets with highly textured images. Most of these 2 methods are trained on datasets like ShapeNet which contain rendered images 3 of well-textured objects. However, in real scenes, many objects are texture-less 4 and it is difficult to reconstruct them. Unlike textured surfaces, reconstruction of 5 texture-less surfaces has not received as much attention mainly because of a lack 6 of large-scale annotated datasets. Some recent works have focused on texture-less
VIPer: Iterative Value-Aware Model Learning on the Value Improvement Path

We propose a practical and generalizable Decision-Aware Model-Based Reinforcement Learning algorithm. We extend the frameworks of VAML (Farahmand et al., 2017) and IterVAML (Farahmand, 2018), which have been shown to be difficult to scale to high-dimensional and continuous environments (Lovatto et al., 2020a; Modhe et al., 2021; Voelcker et al., 2022). We propose to use the notion of the Value Improvement Path (Dabney et al., 2020) to improve the generalization of VAML-like model learning. We show theoretically for linear and tabular spaces that our proposed algorithm is sensible, justifying extension to non-linear and continuous spaces. We also present a detailed implementation proposal based on these ideas.
Distribution of Verbs Prefixed {N-} in Bahasa on Indonesian Language Textbooks for VII Grade (2014 & 2017 Editions)

This research is conducted to determine the various categories of word classes forming inflectional and derivational verbs. This study also aims to determine the productivity of inflectional and derivational verbs with the distribution of verbs with prefix {N-}. The research was conducted using a descriptive qualitative method based on the existing Indonesian Textbooks for VII Grade. The instrument in this study uses techniques and models in the analysis of morphological units in morphological studies. The data collection technique was used with free listening, speaking, and note-taking techniques. Data analysis was carried out after the data had been collected by formulating by ordinary words which included also describing the process of processing verbs and the results of obtaining verb formations; and making formulations using signs or symbols. It was revealed that two types of verbs were found, namely inflectional verbs and derivational verbs. Inflectional verbs came from word formations categorized as verbs and there was no word categorical change. Derivational verbs came from word formations that caused categorical changes to word classes, found one the category of forming derivational verbs, and inflectional verbs are more productive than derivational verbs in the Indonesian textbooks studied.
EFFECT OF SOLVENT IN COMBINATION WITH ULTRASONIC WAVE ASSISTANCE ON TRITERPENOID EXTRACTION FROM RED LINGZHI MUSHROOM ( Ganodermalucidum)

Triterpenoid is one of the compounds that contribute tored lingzhi mushroom's major significant therapeutic activities ( G. lucidum) . Triterpenoids have anti-allergic, anti-cancer, anti-tumor, and anti-aging effects, enhance oxygen utilization, free radical scavenging, lowerblood pressure, inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis, and enhance liver function and blood pressure, inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis, and improve liver functionetc. The beneficial effects of triterpenoids in Ganoderma lucidum on human health have generated interest in developing methods for extracting them from the fruit bodies of G. lucidum . This article presents the effect of solvent in combination with ultrasonic wave assistance in triterpenoid extraction ability from red lingzhi mushroom. Before carrying out triterpenoid extraction; Red lingzhi mushroom was ground 2mm in size. Four parameters of the extraction process, including the ethanol concentration, ratio (v:w) between ethanol solvent and mushroom, extraction time, , extraction temperature, ultrasonic time and ultrasonic intensity were determined. The extraction without ultrasonic waves for 180 minutes was used as a control. The total triterpenoid content was collected during the extraction process. The results showed that red lingzhi mushroom was extracted by ethanol solvent at a concentration of 85%, the ratio between ethanol solvent and mushroom was 3:1 (v:w), ultrasound intensity was 58 W/cm 2 , frequency was 20 kHz), extracting temperature was 55°C, removing time was 5 min had total triterpenoid content 3.06 times higher than the control.
Microclimate control to increase productivity and nutritional quality of leafy vegetables in a cost-effective manner

: Food security is one of the key global challenges in this century. In Singapore, our research team has been using novel aeroponic technology to produce fresh vegetables since 1997. Aeroponic systems allow for year-round production of not only tropical, but also sub-tropical and temperate fresh vegetables, by simply cooling the roots suspended in aeroponic systems while the aerial parts grow under tropical ambient environments. It has also been used to investigate the impacts of root-zone CO 2 on vegetables by enriching root-zone CO 2 while their aerial portions were subjected to constant atmospheric CO 2 . To compensate for the lack of available land, Singapore also needs to develop a farming system that can increase productivity per unit land area by many-fold. Over the past 10 years, my research team has established a commercially viable LED integrated vertical aeroponic farming system to grow different leafy vegetables under different LED spectra, intensities, and durations in the tropical greenhouse. The results demonstrate that it is possible to increase shoot production and rate of shoot production of leafy vegetables by increasing light intensity and extending the photoperiod under effective LED lighting. Furthermore, temperate vegetable crops such as lettuce were able to acclimate to high light intensity under supplementary LED lights to natural sunlight in the greenhouse. Supplementary LED lightings promote both leaf initiation and expansion with increased photosynthetic pigments, higher Cyt b 6 f and Rubisco protein contents on a per area basis and thus improve photosynthetic capacity and enhance productivity. Plants sense and respond to changes in their immediate environments (microclimate), manipulating the root zone temperature (RZT) and water supply will impact not only their growth and development but also their nutritional quality. Our on-going research aims to investigate if the nutritional quality of leafy vegetables could be improved under suboptimal RZT and mild water deficit through deficit irrigation. If substantial energy and water savings in urban farming can be achieved without substantial yield penalty but with higher nutritional quality, the amount of water and energy saved can bring substantial benefits to society. Citation: He J, Qin L. Microclimate control to increase productivity and nutritional quality of leafy vegetables in a cost-effective manner. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2022; 15(3): 55–61.
COVID-19 and Higher Education: Crossed Perspectives in the Construction of Knowledge and the Rise of Citizen Science. Theoretical reflections and practical approach in the 11th Encounter of CeiED researchers.

Ensuring that learning is participatory and even further democratized seems particularly important at a time when people are kept apart because of a COVID-19 pandemic that thrives on proximity. Whilst learning is based on exchanges, it also benefits from the existence of a learning community, the access to which needs to be equal and taking account of learners’ diversity. How is Higher Education equipping itself to adapt to new learning conditions? How can it ensure that it can meet new types of needs? To address these questions, a workshop was organized at the Interdisciplinary Centre for Research on Education and Development (CeiED), Lisbon, on an emerging area of research called ‘Citizen Science’. Citizen Science has been gaining popularity in many disciplines. Here, we are interested in how it could help to improve education and learning, as well as how current research in education might also help approaches in Citizen Science to move forward. Reflections on theory were carried out in parallel with a one-day practical online workshop on ‘operationalizing Citizen Science’, involving researchers in the center’s three areas – education, museology, and urbanism. This article explains the outcomes of this event. 62 processes in citizen science but also highlight how collaborative research can strengthen our creative capacity, and the opening of mind to the new and the multidisciplinary identity of CeiED.
Multiclass segmentation of suspicious findings in simulated breast tomosynthesis images using a U-Net

Our lab has built a next-generation tomosynthesis (NGT) system utilizing scanning motions with more degrees of freedom than clinical digital breast tomosynthesis systems. We are working toward designing scanning motions that are customized around the locations of suspicious findings. The first step in this direction is to demonstrate that these findings can be detected with a single projection image, which can guide the remainder of the scan. This paper develops an automated method to identify findings that are prone to be masked. Perlin-noise phantoms and synthetic lesions were used to simulate masked cancers. NGT projections of phantoms were simulated using ray-tracing software. The risk of masking cancers was mapped using the ground-truth labels of phantoms. The phantom labels were used to denote regions of low and high risk of masking suspicious findings. A U-Net model was trained for multiclass segmentation of phantom images. Model performance was quantified with a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve using area under the curve (AUC). The ROC operating point was defined to be the point closest to the upper left corner of ROC space. The output predictions showed an accurate segmentation of tissue predominantly adipose (mean AUC of 0.93). The predictions also indicate regions of suspicious findings; for the highest risk class, mean AUC was 0.89, with a true positive rate of 0.80 and a true negative rate of 0.83 at the operating point. In summary, this paper demonstrates with virtual phantoms that a single projection can indeed be used to identify suspicious findings.
Phytochemical and FTIR Analyses of Six Medicinal Plants from Pankshin Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria

Aim: To analyze the phytochemical and FTIR of six medicinal plants frequently used by the Ngas in Pankshin District of Plateau State, Nigeria in the traditional treatment of some ailments. Methods: The medicinal plants were extracted with water, ethanol and cyclohexane/hexane, screened for the presence and levels of phytochemicals by standard methods and the FTIR analyses were carried out on the ethanolic extracts. Results: The study revealed that the aqueous extracts contained most of the phytochemicals analyzed. The quantitative analysis of five phytochemicals in four of the plants showed that the order of the levels of phytochemicals in plants were: alkaloids; F. phytophylla > C. tinctorium > F. abutilifolia > F. phytophylla, saponins; F. abutilifolia > F. phytophylla > F. abutilifolia > C. tinctorium, terpernoids; F. phytophylla > F. abutilifolia > C. tinctorium > F. abutilifolia, flavonoids; F. phytophylla > F. abutilifolia > C. tinctorium > F. abutilifolia and glycosides, F. abutilifolia > F. phytophylla > C. tinctorium > F. abutilifolia with saponins being the most abundant phytochemical in the study and flavonoids the least. F. phytophylla was richest in the phytochemicals while F. abutilifolia was the least. The presence of characteristic functional groups such as ─OH, C─O, –C=C and C─H indicated the presence of phenolic compounds, carboxylic acids, alcohols, carbohydrates, and proteins in the plants that could be responsible for various medicinal properties in the plants. Conclusion: The results justified the local use of the plants in the treatment of illnesses like malaria fever, yellow fever, cough and healing of wounds among the Ngas people in Pankshin Local Government of Plateau State. These compounds can be harnessed for industrial and pharmaceutical utilization.
Chitosan/Calcium-Coated Ginsenoside Rb1 Phosphate Flower-like Microparticles as an Adjuvant to Enhance Immune Responses

Simple Summary The field-level control over IBD is primarily via vaccination. The development of high effective IBV vaccine has drawing great attentions worldwide. Herein, the GRb1 was encap-sulated into Calcium phosphate and chitosan core-structure nanoparticles microspheres, which con-stitute a novel system for nanoparticle delivery (GRb1/IL-4@CS/Cap). The new nano-adjuvant de-livery system could induce the activation of chicken dendritic cells ( DCs ), with up-regulate the expression of MHC II and CD80, and increase the production of IL-1β and TNF-α. At the same time, it can trigger higher levels of IBDV-specific IgG and higher IgG2a/IgG1 ratio, and promote the production of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-1α, and IL-1βand other cytokines in chicken serum after vaccination, it provides an effective adjuvant system for the development of chicken IBDV attenu-ated vaccine. Abstract Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is a highly contagious immunocompromising disorder that caused great economic losses in the poultry industry. The field-level control over IBD is primarily via vaccination. The development of a highly effective IBV vaccine has drawn great attention worldwide. Chitosan/Calcium Phosphate (CS/CaP) nanoparticle was a newly developed effective biological delivery system for drug and antigen. Ginsenoside Rb1 is one of the main bioactive components of ginseng root extract, which has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunological enhancement effects. Until now, the combined effect of CS/CaP and ginsenoside Rb1 on the chicken immune response had remained unknown. In this study, the GRb1 and IL-4 were encapsulated into Calcium phosphate and chitosan core structure nanoparticles microspheres (GRb1/IL-4@CS/CaP), and the effect of a newly developed delivery system on an infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) attenuated vaccine was further evaluated. The results demonstrated that GRb1/IL-4@CS/CaP treatment could induce the activation of chicken dendritic cells (DCs), with the upregulated expression of MHCII and CD80, and the increased production of IL-1β and TNF-α. Importantly, GRb1/IL-4@CS/CaP could trigger a higher level of IBDV-specific IgG and a higher ratio of IgG2a/IgG1 than the traditional adjuvant groups, promoting the production of cytokine, including IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-1α, and IL-1β, in chicken serum after 28 d and 42 d post-vaccine. Taken in all, GRb1/IL-4@CS/CaP could elicit prolonged vigorous immune responses for IBDV attenuated vaccine in chicken, which might provide an effective adjuvant system for avian vaccine development.
Design of Metamaterial Zipper Antenna for Boby-Centric Wireless Communication

The concept of making metamaterial zipper antenna to serve as an off- body antenna is proposed and the stimulations are carried out. The feeding point is located at the bottom and in order to be more specific it is around one of the variation and reflection coefficient as well as radiation pattern or brought by excitation at certain tooth of zipper. The radiation pattern is reconfigurable to some extent. A fractional bandwidth of 4.80 percent at 2.48 GHz of industrial, scientific and medical band with a gain of about 5dBi has been achieved. The stimulation result indicate reasonable agreement to that of stimulation in both matching performance and the radiation feature of metamaterial zipper antenna, which makes the antenna more promising candidate for body centric wireless communication device .
Programmed Cell Death Protein-1 Upregulation in Response to SARS-CoV-2 in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Case-Control Study

Currently, data regarding the impact of COVID-19 disease (caused by SARS-CoV-2) on patients with childhood rheumatic diseases are significantly limited. To assess the possible connection, we measured levels of IgA and IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and a control group during the pandemic, prior to the introduction of anti-COVID-19 vaccination. We assessed levels of PD-1 suppressive molecule and inflammatory markers in patients and correlated those results with serological response to SARS-CoV-2. In JIA patients, the activity of the disease was assessed using the Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score 71 (JADAS 71) scale. The study consisted of 96 children, 65 diagnosed with JIA, treated with antirheumatic drugs, and 31 healthy volunteers. In patients with JIA, significantly higher levels of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the IgA and IgG were demonstrated compared to the control group. We also found significantly higher serum PD-1 levels in JIA patients and control volunteers who were seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 IgA or IgG antibodies compared to those who were seronegative. The humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with the persistent upregulation of PD-1 expression in both JIA patients and healthy children. The clinical significance of the detected disorder requires further careful observation.
High Variability of Fungal Communities Associated with the Functional Tissues and Rhizosphere Soil of Picea abies in the Southern Baltics

Climate change, which leads to higher temperatures, droughts, and storms, is expected to have a strong effect on both health of forest trees and associated biodiversity. The aim of this study was to investigate the diversity and composition of fungal communities associated with the functional tissues and rhizosphere soil of healthy-looking Picea abies to better understand these fungal communities and their potential effect on tree health in the process of climate change. The study sites included 30 P. abies stands, where needles, shoots, roots, and the rhizosphere soil was sampled. DNA was isolated from individual samples, amplified using ITS2 rRNA as a marker and subjected to high-throughput sequencing. The sequence analysis showed the presence of 232,547 high-quality reads, which following clustering were found to represent 2701 non-singleton fungal OTUs. The highest absolute richness of fungal OTUs was in the soil (1895), then in the needles (1049) and shoots (1002), and the lowest was in the roots (641). The overall fungal community was composed of Ascomycota (58.3%), Basidiomycota (37.2%), Zygomycota (2.5%), Chytridiomycota (1.6%), and Glomeromycota (0.4%). The most common fungi based on sequence read abundance were Aspergillus pseudoglaucus (7.9%), Archaeorhizomyces sp. (3.6%), and Rhinocladiella sp. (2.0%). Pathogens were relatively rare, among which the most common were Phacidium lacerum (1.7%), Cyphellophora sessilis (1.4%), and Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii (1.4%). The results showed that the detected diversity of fungal OTUs was generally high, but their relative abundance varied greatly among different study sites, thereby highlighting the complexity of interactions among the host trees, fungi, and local environmental conditions.