Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of a High-Starch or a High-Fat Diet on the Milk Performance, Apparent Nutrient Digestibility, Hindgut Fermentation Parameters and Microbiota of Lactating Cows

Simple Summary Fat content is critical to milk quality, health and economic value. Fat content can be affected by diet composition. Diet-induced milk fat depression (MFD) is a specific reduction in milk fat synthesis caused by feeding cows high contents of rapidly fermentable carbohydrates or polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). However, the mechanisms involved in MFD have not been fully elucidated and substantial controversy remains. Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide reference data for exploration of the relationship between milk fat synthesis and nutrient digestion as well as hindgut microbials. Abstract In this study, changes in milk performance, nutrient digestibility, hindgut fermentation parameters and microflora were observed by inducing milk fat depression (MFD) in dairy cows fed with a high-starch or a high-fat diet. Eight Holstein cows were paired in a completely randomized cross-over design within two 35 d periods (18 d control period and 17d induction period). During the control period, all cows were fed the low-starch and low-fat diet (CON), and at the induction period, four of the cows were fed a high-starch diet with crushed wheat (IS), and the other cows were fed a high-fat diet with sunflower fat (IO). The results showed that, compared to when the cows were fed the CON diet, when cows were fed the IS or IO diet, they had lower milk fat concentrations, energy corrected milk, 3.5% fat-corrected milk yield, feed efficiency and apparent digestibility of NDF and ADF. However, cows fed the IO diet had a lower apparent digestibility of ether extracts. In addition, we observed that when cows were fed the high-starch (IS) or high-fat (IO) diet, they had a higher fecal concentration of propionate and acetate, and a lower NH3-N. Compared to when the cows were fed the CON diet, cows fed the IS diet had a lower pH, and cows fed the IO diet had a lower concentration of valerate in feces. In the hindgut microbiota, the relative abundance of Oscillospiraceae_UCG-005 was increased, while the Verrucomicrobiota and Lachnospiraceae_AC2044_group were decreased when cows were fed the IO diet. The relative abundance of Prevotellaceae_UCG-003 was increased, while the Alistipes and Verrucomicrobiota decreased, and the Treponema, Spirochaetota and Lachnospiraceae_AC2044_group showed a decreasing trend when cows were fed the IS diet. In summary, this study suggested that high-starch or high-fat feeding could induce MFD in dairy cows, and the high-fat diet had the greatest effect on milk fat; the high-starch or high-fat diet affected hindgut fermentation and apparent fiber digestibility. The changes in hindgut flora suggested that hindgut microbiota may be associated with MFD in cows.
Additive List Coloring of Planar Graphs with Given Girth

Abstract An additive coloring of a graph G is a labeling of the vertices of G from {1, 2, . , k} such that two adjacent vertices have distinct sums of labels on their neighbors. The least integer k for which a graph G has an additive coloring is called the additive coloring number of G, denoted χΣ (G). Additive coloring is also studied under the names lucky labeling and open distinguishing. In this paper, we improve the current bounds on the additive coloring number for particular classes of graphs by proving results for a list version of additive coloring. We apply the discharging method and the Combinatorial Nullstellensatz to show that every planar graph G with girth at least 5 has χΣ (G) ≤ 19, and for girth at least 6, 7, and 26, χΣ (G) is at most 9, 8, and 3, respectively. In 2009, Czerwiński, Grytczuk, and Żelazny conjectured that χΣ (G) ≤ χ(G), where χ(G) is the chromatic number of G. Our result for the class of non-bipartite planar graphs of girth at least 26 is best possible and affirms the conjecture for this class of graphs.
Développement d’un capteur à fibre optique à base de réseaux de Bragg superposés de courtes et de longues périodes : application à la mesure discriminée de température et de déformation

[Les capteurs a fibres optiques presentent des qualites interessantes en termes de tailles et de poids relativement faibles qui permettent de reduire l'intrusivite du capteur dans le materiau (ou dans la structure composite). Ils sont egalement insensibles aux perturbations electromagnetiques, stables et durables dans le temps, mais aussi sensibles a plusieurs sollicitations comme la temperature, la deformation et la pression, d'ou un besoin essentiel de les discriminer. Parmi eux on distingue les reseaux de Bragg : ceux a courtes periodes (FBG : Fiber Bragg Grating) et ceux a longues periodes (LPG : Long Period Grating). Le travail de these reporte dans ce manuscrit, traite du developpement d'un capteur a fibre optique base sur la superposition d'un LPG et d'un FBG afin de mesurer et de discriminer la temperature et la deformation. De nombreuses approches sont proposees dans la litterature afin de decoupler ces deux sollicitations cependant elles ne permettent pas forcement une utilisation en conditions reelles de mesures. C'est pourquoi nous introduisons la notion d'efficacite de decouplage avec le parametre E qui permet de comparer toutes ces approches et met en evidence un tres bon potentiel pour la structure a base de reseaux superposes LPG/FBG. La mise en œuvre d'un tel composant est decrite dans ce manuscrit et consiste a inscrire initialement le LPG puis le FBG au meme endroit et sur toute la longueur du LPG. De plus ce type de structure permet un multiplexage qui, bien que faible, est neanmoins possible. Les etalonnages en temperature et en deformation du capteur ont permis de mettre en evidence une erreur de l'ordre de 2% sur la sensibilite a la temperature et de 3% sur la sensibilite a la deformation, ce qui conduit a une erreur sur l'estimation de la temperature et de la deformation mesuree de l'ordre de 0.3°C et 3 microdef. Dans un souci applicatif, le capteur a base de reseaux de Bragg superposes est tout d'abord utilise pour instrumenter une structure metallique soumise simultanement a une variation de temperature et de deformation. Les valeurs mesurees presentent une incertitude maximale de 0.4°C pour la temperature et de 3 me pour la deformation ce qui permet de valider notre composant pour le controle et la surveillance de structures metalliques. La seconde application etudiee est relative a l'instrumentation de pieces composites stratifiees de type verre/epoxy pour le suivi de procedes d'elaboration par voie liquide : VARTM (Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding) et LRI (Liquid Resin Infusion), pour lesquels l'evolution de la temperature et de la deformation au cours du procede est suivie par le capteur a base de reseaux de Bragg superposes LPG/FBG. Des mesures dielectriques (DEA) sont egalement realisees au cours de ces procedes et permettent la comparaison et la validation de nos resultats]
Advocating for oracy: supporting student success in foundation year study

ABSTRACT A key purpose of the Foundation Year provision is to prepare students, often from a widening participation background, for their undergraduate study. Research has established that access to academic discourse and disciplinary knowledge is, to a large extent, dependent on students’ academic language and literacy skills, including oracy skills. However, little attention is paid to oracy skills in the higher education literature, and less so in the context of a Foundation Year. In this paper, we explore Foundation Year students’ and teachers’ perceptions of the importance of oracy skills in preparing for undergraduate study. We also investigate Foundation Year students’ confidence in these skills at the start of their university programme. Initial findings suggest that whilst teachers and students report oracy skills are important for undergraduate study, they disagree on which subdomains of skills are the most important. Quantitative data suggests students report confidence in their oracy skills upon entering higher education, however, qualitative data suggest a more nuanced picture, with students reporting a desire for more small group practice. Drawing on these insights, we make suggestions for explicitly teaching oracy skills in Foundation Year. This would not only raise the status of oracy skills as a key part of the Foundation Year curriculum but also emphasise the relationship between widening participation, oracy skills and academic achievement.
The Impact of Social Media on the Mental Health of Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review

Adolescents increasingly find it difficult to picture their lives without social media. Practitioners need to be able to assess risk, and social media may be a new component to consider. Although there is limited empirical evidence to support the claim, the perception of the link between social media and mental health is heavily influenced by teenage and professional perspectives. Privacy concerns, cyberbullying, and bad effects on schooling and mental health are all risks associated with this population's usage of social media. However, ethical social media use can expand opportunities for connection and conversation, as well as boost self-esteem, promote health, and gain access to critical medical information. Despite mounting evidence of social media's negative effects on adolescent mental health, there is still a scarcity of empirical research on how teens comprehend social media, particularly as a body of wisdom, or how they might employ wider modern media discourses to express themselves. Youth use cell phones and other forms of media in large numbers, resulting in chronic sleep loss, which has a negative influence on cognitive ability, school performance, and socio-emotional functioning. According to data from several cross-sectional, longitudinal, and empirical research, smartphone and social media use among teenagers relates to an increase in mental distress, self-harming behaviors, and suicidality. Clinicians can work with young people and their families to reduce the hazards of social media and smartphone usage by using open, nonjudgmental, and developmentally appropriate tactics, including education and practical problem-solving.
A Stability Analysis Tool for Bulk Power Systems Using Black-Box Models of Inverter-Based Resources

This article presents a small-signal stability analysis tool for large-scale power systems with high penetration of inverter-based resources (IBRs). Firstly, a network transfer function matrix (NTFM), which represents the information of the system topology, transmission lines, loads, IBRs locations, etc., is derived to model the entire power system network. Secondly, small-signal perturbation method is applied to obtain the sequence impedance/admittance models of the block-box IBRs considering the frequency cross-coupling effects. With the obtained NTFM as well as IBR models, a multi-input, multi-output (MIMO) feedback system is constructed, and the generalized Nyquist criterion (GNC)-based stability method is employed to analyze the stability of the entire power system. Furthermore, based on the developed stability analysis method, sensitivity analysis is conducted on an unstable case to identify which parameter has a high impact on the system stability. Different test cases based on a modified IEEE 14-bus system as well as a reduced 240-bus WECC system are studied to verify the proposed stability analysis tool.
Fully Passive RF Wake-Up Receiver Including a Small Loop Antenna With −30.7-dBm Sensitivity at 26-kbps Bitrate

This brief presents a fully passive RF wake-up receiver (WuRX) fabricated in a 130nm CMOS process with a matched small loop antenna. The WuRX consists of a high-sensitivity RF energy harvester that supplies the circuitry necessary for passive WuRX functionality. The circuit consists of an on-chip voltage reference, current reference, power-on reset, low-dropout regulator, relaxation oscillator, envelope detector, comparator, and a digital processor. The WuRX supports an input bitrate of 26 kbps and has a user-defined 12-bit wake-up pattern. Measurements at 830 MHz reveal a wake-up sensitivity of −30.7 dBm and a 1V harvested output sensitivity of −31 dBm. The RF-powered fully-passive WuRX paves the way for autonomous batteryless sensor nodes.
Caregivers’ Reports of the Complex Impacts of the Pandemic on Family Food and Physical Activity Behaviors by Race, Ethnicity, Urbanicity, and Income

ABSTRACT Background The COVID-19 pandemic affected health and well-being worldwide, but little is known about how the pandemic specifically impacted families with young children. Evidence suggests a relationship between well-being and health behaviors (diet, physical activity) and that preexisting health disparities were exacerbated during the pandemic. Purpose This project sought caregiver perspectives on pandemic impacts, overall and by race, ethnicity, urbanicity, and household income. Methods Caregivers of 4- to 11-year-olds were randomly selected to complete a mixed-mode survey in the winter of 2021–22 to evaluate ongoing community health education and programming. Qualitative content analysis of open-ended survey responses was conducted. Data were analyzed blind to demographic characteristics; later, differences by population were explored. Results Survey analysis (n = 1,429, response rate 27%) identified positive and negative impacts of the pandemic on youth diet and physical activity. Caregivers, unprompted, provided responses about the interconnected impacts on mental and physical health and health behaviors. Pandemic stress was described, including reduced energy, social isolation, and “fear of spread. ” Significant differences by key characteristics were found. Discussion These findings reflect patterns that could underlie growing disparities. Translation to Health Education Practice: This work provides context for designing interventions that equitably promote healthy behaviors for young families.
Computing the M-polynomials for 2D-Lattice, Nanotube and Nanotorus by operating the semi-total line and point graphs via degree-based indices

The discovery of new nanomaterials adds new dimensions to industry, electronics, pharmaceutical and biological therapeutics. In this article, authors encountered the closed forms of M-polynomials of nanostructures such as 2D-lattice, nanotube and nanotorus of T UC4C8[p, q] for some degree-based topological indices. These indices are numerical tendencies that often depict quantitative structural activity/property/toxicity/etc. relationships and correlate certain physico-chemical properties, such as boiling point, stability, and strain energy of the respective nanomaterial.
Adipose Tissue Hyperplasia and Hypertrophy in Common and Syndromic Obesity—The Case of BBS Obesity

Obesity is a metabolic state generated by the expansion of adipose tissue. Adipose tissue expansion depends on the interplay between hyperplasia and hypertrophy, and is mainly regulated by a complex interaction between genetics and excess energy intake. However, the genetic regulation of adipose tissue expansion is yet to be fully understood. Obesity can be divided into common multifactorial/polygenic obesity and monogenic obesity, non-syndromic and syndromic. Several genes related to obesity were found through studies of monogenic non-syndromic obesity models. However, syndromic obesity, characterized by additional features other than obesity, suggesting a more global role of the mutant genes related to the syndrome and, thus, an additional peripheral influence on the development of obesity, were hardly studied to date in this regard. This review summarizes present knowledge regarding the hyperplasia and hypertrophy of adipocytes in common obesity. Additionally, we highlight the scarce research on syndromic obesity as a model for studying adipocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy, focusing on Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS). BBS obesity involves central and peripheral mechanisms, with molecular and mechanistic alternation in adipocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy. Thus, we argue that using syndromic obesity models, such as BBS, can further advance our knowledge regarding peripheral adipocyte regulation in obesity.
16p11.2 Microduplication Syndrome with Increased Fluid in the Cisterna: Coincidence or Phenotype Extension?

We report the first case of a child with 16p11.2 microduplication syndrome with increased fluid in the cisterna magna seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This finding may correspond to a Blake’s Pouch Cyst (BPC) or a Mega Cisterna Magna (MCM), being impossible to differentiate through image examination. The molecular duplication was diagnosed using chromosomal microarray analysis with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). We review the clinical and neuroimaging features in published case reports in order to observe the findings described in the literature so far and present a skull three-dimensional model to contribute to a better understanding. Despite the variable expressivity of the syndrome being well known, there is no case described in the available literature that mentions the association of 16p11.2 microduplication and the presence of BPC or MCM seen in neuroimaging exams. This finding may represent an extension of the phenotype not yet reported or may present itself as a coincidence in a child with various malformations.
Relationship between reduced scattering coefficient and intracranial pressure in clinical patients under different brain edema states

There is a lack of a safe and effective technology to monitor intracranial pressure accurately and non‐destructively. In this paper, the relationship between reduced scattering coefficient and intracranial pressure in clinical patients under different brain edema states was studied. First, the brain edema MC simulation model was constructed based on different types of brain edema. The results laid a foundation for clinical ICP detection. Second, the changes of ICP and reduced scattering coefficient caused by brain edema were studied in clinical application. It was found that when the patient developed brain edema, the reduced scattering coefficient and ICP showed corresponding changes. Finally, the mathematical model of invasive ICP and reduced scattering coefficient was established. It was found that the sensitivity of 834 nm light to brain tissue changes was higher than that of 692 nm light, which could be used to reflect the changes of brain tissue physiological state.
A General N-Moment Normalization Method for Deriving Raindrop Size Distribution Scaling Relationships

A general drop size distribution (DSD) normalization method is formulated in terms of generalized power series relating any DSD moment to any number and combination of reference moments. This provides a consistent framework for comparing the variability of normalized DSD moments using different sets of reference moments, with no explicit assumptions about the DSD functional form (e.g., gamma). It also provides a method to derive any unknown moment plus an estimate of its uncertainty from one or more known moments, which is relevant to remote sensing retrievals and bulk microphysics schemes in weather and climate models. The approach is applied to a large dataset of disdrometer-observed and bin microphysics-modeled DSDs. As expected, the spread of normalized moments decreases as the number of reference moments is increased, quantified by the logarithmic standard deviation of the normalized moments, σ. Averaging σ for all combinations of reference moments and normalized moments of integer order 0–10, 42.9%, 81.3%, 93.7%, and 96.9% of spread are accounted for applying one-, two-, three-, and four-moment normalizations, respectively. Thus, DSDs can be well characterized overall using three reference moments, whereas adding a fourth reference moment contributes little independent information. The spread of disdrometer-observed DSD moments from uncertainty associated with drop count statistics generally lies between values of σ using two- and three-moment normalizations. However, this uncertainty has little impact on the derived DSD scaling relationships or σ when considered.
The Views And Energy Of Students Regarding The Implementation Of MBKM At The English Department Of Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidenreng Rappang

A new rule known as Merdeka Belajar-Kampus Merdeka (MBKM), also known as Emancipated Learning - Independent Campus, aims to encourage students' independence in the development of their academic interests and motivation. Research on the implementation and effects of the MBKM Policy is still urgently needed because it is a new educational policy in Indonesia. This study aims to: 1) investigate English students' opinions of how the Merdeka Belajar-Kampus Merdeka Program has been implemented at the English Department of Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidenreng Rappang; and 2) investigate English students' intrinsic and extrinsic motivation to take part in the Merdeka Belajar-Kampus Merdeka Program. As many as 25 students from Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidenreng Rappang who participated in the MBKM program make up the sample of this study. Interviews and questionnaires were used to gather data. The findings showed that both intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including: 1) Intrinsic factors (challenging, curiosity, developing oneself, learning new things, increasing soft and hard skills, being an intelligent student and exploring the ability and knowledge); and 2) Extrinsic factors (getting a good job, getting the reward, gaining appreciation/praise from the environment, and getting money from the government), influence students to participate in the MBKM program. MBKM has been successfully implemented, in the opinion of the students of Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidenreng Rappang, and it has been well worth the effort. Students can benefit from learning support services such as the best experience, personal growth, better English proficiency, optimal learning, and significant advancement with the help of the MBKM Program. The MBKM Program's capacity to inspire students may have a favorable impact on their ability to advance professionally, improve their quality of life, and succeed academically.
Reliability of Deep Neural Networks for an End-to-End Imitation Learning-Based Lane Keeping

In recent years, end-to-end imitation learning-based deep neural networks (DNN) have been successfully applied to several autonomous driving tasks. Meanwhile, however, the large uncertainties with respect to the reliability of the DNN’s decision-making mechanism significantly limit the application of DNN-based approaches in the safety-critical domain of autonomous driving. In this work, a comprehensive analytical method of the DNN’s decision-making mechanism is proposed for developing a reliable imitation learning-based end-to-end visual solution for automated lane keeping on the highway in a co-simulation environment. During the mechanism analysis, three progressive and crucial questions covering from the DNN’s decision-making basis to decision itself can be explicitly answered using the modified algorithms of Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) and the theoretical knowledge of vehicle dynamics; During the model development, the DNN’s architecture is stepwise improved based on the intermediate analytical and test results in the imperfect and failure cases, aimed at increasing the DNN’s lane keeping imitation accuracy and robustness from a superficial point of view as well as enhancing the reliability of the DNN’s decision-making mechanism from an essential point of view. The DNN’s lane keeping performance is quantitatively evaluated based on a proposed evaluation method considering 3 vital perspectives regarding vehicle dynamics. The ultimate test results show that the final proposed DNN model, which has a reliable decision-making mechanism, achieves a satisfactory lane keeping performance with a high imitation accuracy and robustness, and outperforms the state-of-the-art lane keeping approaches based on the end-to-end DNN models and the traditional modular solution.