Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SPAD-based time-of-flight discrete-time statistical model and distortion compensation

Time-resolved single-photon detection is a robust technique exploited in many fields, ranging from biology, e.g. in fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM), to industrial fields, such as in Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR). Such technique can take major advantage from Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs) and their single-photon sensitivity and picosecond time-resolution. For best system design, environmental conditions and optics should be simulated along with SPAD’s actual parameters. Monte Carlo simulations are usually employed, being able to emulate detector’s non idealities and photons’ statistical behavior. However, those simulations are time-consuming. As an effective alternative, we present a detailed discrete-time statistical model for SPAD detectors. The proposed analytical model provides the expected photon time-distribution, given the actual incoming photon-rate, optical setup, laser power and pulse width, background light, object properties, and takes into account all SPAD’s nonidealities, such as hold-off time, crosstalk, afterpulsing, photon detection efficiency, and dark-counting rate. Moreover, the model can predict and correct one big limitation of SPAD systems, namely the detector dead-time (every time a photon is revealed, the SPAD needs to stay quenched for a not nil time interval), which causes distortion in the measured timing histogram, known as “pile-up”. To this purpose, we present how our reversed model can be applied to the measured histogram in order to compensate and correct such a distortion, so to estimate the actual incoming photon distribution. Eventually, the model can be used for both single photon Time-Correlated Single Photon Counting (TCSPC) and multi-photon detection (free-running) regimes, whether the timing electronics has a dead-time shorter than the detector’s one, resulting in a powerful design tool.
Pengaruh Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived of Usefulness dan Financial Risk Terhadap Intention to Use Pada Booking.com di Kabupaten Badung

Online reservation has been gives a easiest way for the tourist interm of booking an accomodation. Ease of use, and perceived of usefullness has been considered as a fundamental concern on decision making in using the online system. Booking.com is one of the online system that frequently used by the tourist. The study aimed to eximine the charasteristic of booking.com user, the effect of perceived ease of use, perceived of usefulness and financial risk om intention to use in Badung Regency. To investigate the hypotheses of the research, data was collected from booking.com user in Badung Regency. A survey was conducted with a sample size of 65 tourist and analized by multiple regresion analysis. The study revealed that perceived ease of use, perceived of usefulness and financial risk positively affect intention to use. Keywords: financial risk, intention to us, perceived ease of use and perceived of usefulness
Radiotherapy risk management: Going beyond the concept of safety barriers

The traditional approaches to safety in risk activities have been applied to radiotherapy following the occurrence of serious accidents. This strategy is based on the characterization of specific risks and the definition of preventive and protective measures, particularly for the implementation of safety barriers. Evaluating the performance of safety barriers makes it possible, in theory, to determine the level of risk control. This article presents a literature review that highlights the limits of the safety barrier concept. To overcome these limitations, we then introduce the notion of “activities contributing to safety” (ACS). This concept allows us to better take into account the managerial, contextual, organizational and human dimensions of safety and to promote risk control through a more realistic approach.
Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide inhibits IL-1β-induced inflammation in human chondrocytes

Abstract Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease associated with inflammation. Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide (PSP) is a major group of active components isolated from Polygonatum sibiricum with broad activities including anti-inflammatory effect. However, the role of PSP in OA is unclear. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of PSP on IL-1β-induced inflammatory response in primary human OA chondrocytes. The results showed that PSP improved cell viability of chondrocytes in response to IL-1β induction. The increased levels of several inflammatory mediators including nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in IL-1β-induced chondrocytes were attenuated by PSP in a dose-dependent manner. The IL-1β-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-6, were mitigated by PSP in chondrocytes. Besides, PSP also suppressed the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), including MMP-1, MMP-3 and MMP-13 in IL-1β-stimulated chondrocytes. Furthermore, the IL-1β-induced activation of NF-κB signaling pathway in chondrocytes was also prevented by PSP. These findings suggested that PSP alleviated IL-1β-induced inflammatory response in chondrocytes via inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway.
Introduction on games, serious games, simulation and gamification

Over the last 20 years, games have arguably become the largest form of entertainment, surpassing the movie industry (Maslow 1954; Isfe 2010). The starkest increase in annual revenue for the games industry has occurred in the last year (2020) in which the global pandemic forced us to stay home and entertain ourselves (Perez 2020). AAA titles such as Call of Duty, Assassin’s Creed and Grand Theft Auto have budgets of billions and are played by millions of people. For example, Grand Theft Auto Five generated more than US$815 million in worldwide revenue in the first 24 hours of release, surpassing blockbuster movie releases in the same time period (Ejinsight 2020). So we have to wonder, why do people play games and what attracts the players to those games? And what does this tell us about the necessity to bring games and play into our classrooms?
TO STUDY THE ROLE OF YOGA INTERVENTION ON PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN PEOPLE SUFFERING FROM DIABETES MELLITUS

Type 2 diabetes (DM2) has become a leading public health issue globally, with estimated 366 million people affected in 2011 [1]. This figure represents a more than twofold rise in the last three decades and parallels the growing pandemic of obesity and the increasingly widespread adoption of Western lifestyles [1, 2]. Worldwide prevalence is expected to continue rising in both industrialized and developing countries [2, 3], with numbers projected to reach 552 million adults by 2030 [1, 4]. DM2 is now a leading cause of death and disability and significantly increases risk for both macrovascular complications, such as atherosclerosis, and microvascular complications, such as retinitis, diabetic neuropathy, and renal disease [5]. The study also tried to find out the relationship between QoL and yoga intervention among type 2 diabetes patients. Hence, a quantitative approach was considered to be appropriate and adopted for the study.The quality of life of working population with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus with yoga intervention was observed in this study. it was indicated that the quality of life of the working population suffering from diabetes mellitus with inclusion of yoga in their daily routine has proven beneficial for their health as a result of their significantly decreased glucose levels. KEY WORDS: Quality of life, Diabetes mellitus , yoga.
BIODEGRADATION OF CHLORPYRIFOS AND 3,5,6-TRICHLORO-2-PYRIDINOL BY FUNGAL CONSORTIUM ISOLATED FROM PADDY FIELD SOIL

Pesticides are considered as one of the most serious environmental pollutants, which are frequently used in the control of agricultural and domestic pests. Biodegradation of chlorpyrifos and its 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) were studied in mineral medium and soil with fungal consortium consisting of JAS1 and JAS4 strains which were isolated from paddy field soil. The fungal consortium was spiked with 300 mg l chlorpyrifos which was degraded completely within 12 h of incubation in the mineral medium along with the major metabolite TCP. The course of the degradation process was studied using HPLC and FTIR analyses. Two experiments were carried out in soil which included the addition of nutrients (Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorous) with fungal consortium and fungal consortium without addition of nutrients. In both the experiments, chlorpyrifos (300 mg kg -1 soil) and its metabolite TCP were degraded within 24 h and 48 h, respectively. These results showed that the chlorpyrifos degrading fungal consortium had the potential to degrade the pesticide from contaminated soil.
Hybrid Vesicular Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapeutics

Nanoscale vesicles have provided a versatile platform for the transportation of various types of anticancer and diagnostic agents. Vesicular carriers comprised of liposomes, polymersomes, and peptide‐based vesicles have exhibited potential characteristics for nanomedicine developments. However, the represented systems and current therapeutic approaches to cancers are confronted with serious limitations that hinder their clinical translation. The aforementioned limitations could be minimized by implementing combinatorial hybrid systems. With this method, hybrid vesicular systems can integrate the advantages of several carriers into one structure thereby resulting in an increased therapeutic index and better clinical outcome. The current study has reviewed recently introduced types of hybrid vesicles made of polymer–lipids, polymer–peptides, and lipid–peptides, and its main focus is on multiple metallic‐based nanoparticles incorporated into vesicular carriers to provide theranostic platforms and to boost the efficient cytotoxic effects of the delivered agents.
Anti-Aging Properties of Plant Stem Cell Extracts

Skin aging is a complex process which involves all the layers of the epidermis and dermis. In order to slow skin aging, methods are researched which would strengthen and protect skin stem cells. Science is in search of the right method to stimulate the proliferation of epidermal stem cells. Plant stem cells show outstanding anti-aging properties, as they can, among other activities, stimulate fibroblasts to synthesise collagen, which, in turn, stimulates skin regeneration. One of the most important agents which give anti-aging properties to plant stem cell extracts is kinetin (6-furfuryladenine). This compound belongs to a cytokine group and is considered to be a strong antioxidant which protects protein and nucleic acids from oxidation and glycoxidation processes. It enables cells to remove the excess of free radicals to protect them from oxidative stress.
Modulatory role of atorvastatin against high-fat diet and zymosan-induced activation of TLR2/NF-ƙB signaling pathway in C57BL/6 mice

Objective(s): Accumulated evidence provides a strong connection between the immune system and vascular inflammation. The innate immune system’s main sensors are toll-like receptors (TLRs). Zymosan (Zym), a fungal product, induces an inflammatory response via activating TLR2 of the immune system. Atorvastatin, a potent statin, possesses pleiotropic effects including immunomodulatory, lipid-lowering, and anti-inflammatory. Therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate the protective role of atorvastatin against a high-fat diet (HFD) and Zym-induced vascular inflammation in C57BL/6 mice via modulation of TLR2/NF-ƙB signaling pathway. Materials and Methods: In silico study was conducted to confirm the binding affinity of atorvastatin against TLR2. Under in vivo study, mice were divided into four groups: Normal control: normal standard chow-diet fed for 30 days + Zym vehicle (sterile PBS, 5 mg/ml on 8th day); HFD (30 days) + Zym (80 mg/kg, IP, on 8th day); HFD/Zym + atorvastatin vehicle (0.5% CMC, p.o., from 10th to 30th day); HFD/Zym + atorvastatin (3.6 mg/kg, p.o., from 10th to 30th day). Results: Atorvastatin treatment along with HFD and Zym inhibited vascular inflammation by suppressing the levels of aortic TLR2, cardiac NF-ƙB and decrease in serum TNF-α and IL-6. Further, there was an increase in hepatic LDLR levels, resulting in a decrease in serum LDL-C and an increase in HDL-C levels. Histopathological examination of the aorta showed a reduction in plaque accumulation with the atorvastatin-treated group as compared with HFD and Zym-treated group. Conclusion: Atorvastatin attenuates vascular inflammation mediated by HFD and Zym through suppression of TLR2, NF-ƙB, TNF-α, IL-6, and upregulation of LDLR levels.
ON FORMATION OF STRUCTURES: DESIGN EXAMPLES AND DISCUSSION

Abstract This paper discusses the formation of structures by taking the process of gene transcription and translation as the template. The hypothesis of this paper is that the gene transcription and translation process can describe the formation of structures both in engineering design and in biology. The paper first presents design examples including integrated circuit (IC) chambers, flapping wings of bird robots, and typical mechanisms and formulate the formation patterns of the design process as four steps: information interpretation, selection of building blocks, the connection of building blocks, and formation of structures. The key step of the formation process is to assemble building blocks for structures both in engineering and in biology. Building blocks in biology are amino acids while they are structures in design. The autonomous degree of the formation process depends on the level of building blocks. The reuse degree of the building blocks depends on the level of building blocks too. In biology, structures of proteins are self-organized, so one way towards design automation is to use lower-level building blocks.
New Infeed Correction Methods for Distance Protection in Distribution Systems

The reliability and security of power systems may be jeopardized by the increase in the amounts of renewable generation and the uncertainties produced by these devices. In particular, the protection schemes of traditional power systems have been challenged by the integration of distributed generation (DG) resources. Distance relays (DRs), which have been mainly employed to protect transmission systems, are increasingly proposed as one of the solutions to protect distribution systems with a heavy penetration of DGs. However, conventional distance protection faces several drawbacks that might lead to maloperation. One of those challenges is the “infeed effect”, which causes the impedance seen by the distance relay to be larger than the actual positive-sequence line impedance between the fault and relay location. This paper proposes three new methods to estimate the distance to the fault in the presence of infeeds, whether in a radial distribution feeder or the transmission line. Unlike other solution methodologies in the literature that require communication links to estimate the distance to the fault, the proposed methods only need the local measurement (i.e., the voltage and current measurements at the location of the distance relay) to do the same. The performance of the method is demonstrated with a radial distribution system model in PSCAD™/EMTDC™.
PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF HIGH TEMPERATURE STRESS IN SOME CUCURBIT PLANTS

Some cucurbit plants (Cucumis sativus L., Cucurbita pepo L., Cucumis melo L. and Citrillus lanatus L.) were used for investigating some physiological changes and protein patterns under heat stress in plants. Leaf samples were exposed tohigh temperatures as follows 35, 40, 45, 50, 55 and 60°C. Percentage of ion leakage, chlorophyll content, leaf relative water content (RWC) and loss of turgidity, total soluble protein (TSP) content and protein profiles were determined in leaf samples kept at each temperature stage for 30 minutes. Ion leakage was increased especially 55 and 60°C in all cucurbits parallel to the temperature increasement. Total chlorophyll content was decreased slightly in both cucumber cultivars, zucchini, in both melon cultivars and watermelon due to high temperatures. The RWC of cucurbits was decreased on the contrary of the loss of turgidity, which was parallel to the increment of temperatures. While the TSP content in cucumber was decreased with temperature increasement, it was not changed in zucchini and watermelon. In melon cultivars TSP was not noticeably changed until 55°C, but significantly decreased at 60°C. When the SDS-PAGE profiles of cucurbits were examined, many protein bands were observed with sizes ranging from 6.5 kDa to 211 kDa.
Look at that: Spatial deixis reveals experience-related differences in prediction

ABSTRACT Prediction-based theories posit that interlocutors use prediction to process language efficiently and to coordinate dialogue. The present study evaluated whether listeners can use spatial deixis (i.e., this, that, these, and those) to predict the plurality and proximity of a speaker’s upcoming referent. In two eye-tracking experiments with varying referential complexity (N = 168), native English-speaking adults, native English-learning 5-year-olds, and nonnative English-learning adults viewed images while listening to sentences with or without informative deictic determiners, e.g., Look at the/this/that/these/those wonderful cookie(s). Results showed that all groups successfully exploited plurality information. However, they varied in using deixis to anticipate the proximity of the referent; specifically, L1 adults showed more robust prediction than L2 adults, and L1 children did not show evidence of prediction. By evaluating listeners with varied language experiences, this investigation helps refine proposed mechanisms of prediction and suggests that linguistic experience is key to the development of such mechanisms.
Face Recognition of Passenger for Bus Services

: Most university students are using the bus provided by the university's management to move from one place to another place. The analysis are required to improvise the quality of the of bus services such as the amount of passenger that using the bus and information of passengers such as gender. The objectives of this project are to develop face recognition system based on gender using Raspberry Pi 4 and Intel Neural Compute Stick 2 and to test and validate the performance of the developed system for face classification and passenger counting system. Also this system is able to store passenger information into Google Firebase Cloud with Internet of Things. This system is used Raspbian in Raspberry Pi 4 with the libraries that used for face classification and recognition such as OpenCV and OpenVINO. This project able to detect faces of the passengers soon as they ride the bus and determine gender of the passengers and count passengers according gender and the information of the passengers will stored in Google Firebase. There are some recommendation that need to be added in this project to improve efficiency of the system. the gender either the passenger is male or female. The number of passengers be counted after analyzing face completed. The data regarding number of passengers based on gender send to Google Firebase for stored data using Cloud technologies. The results number of passengers based on gender displayed in Google Firebase through Google Firebase’s website.
Regularized variational functional use a rough alignment for point clouds registration

Alignment two point clouds means finding the orthogonal or affine transformation in three-dimensional space that maximizes the consistent overlap between two clouds. The ICP (Iterative Closest Points) algorithm is the most known technique of the point clouds registration based on the exclusively geometric characteristics. The ICP algorithm consists of the following iteratively applied main steps: determine the correspondence between the points of the two clouds; minimize error metrics (variational subproblem of the ICP algorithm). The key element of the ICP algorithm is the search for an orthogonal or affine transformation, which is the best in sense of a metric combining two clouds of points with a given correspondence between the points. The correspondence between point clouds in real applications is far from ideal. The bad correspondence significantly reduces the probability to obtain a good answer for orthogonal variants of the variational problem. Thus, the probability of obtaining an acceptable transformation as a result of the ICP algorithm with poor correspondence is the comparative criterion for different types of variational problems. In this paper, we propose a regularized variant of the ICP variational problem use a rough point clouds alignment that improved convergence frequency in the case of poor correspondence between point clouds. The proposed modified approach essentially increases the performance of the algorithm. Computational experiments show that the proposed point clouds alignment approach calculates true transformation for almost all synthetic 3D models for any relative placement of the point clouds.
Fractional‐order modeling and SOC estimation of lithium‐ion battery considering capacity loss

For state‐of‐charge (SOC) estimation, the resistance deterioration and continuous capacity loss can lead to erroneous estimation results. In this paper, an SOC estimator of lithium‐ion battery based on the fractional‐order model and adaptive dual Kalman filtering algorithm is proposed first. Then, to improve the accuracy of SOC estimation considering capacity loss, the particle filter algorithm is applied to update capacity online in real time. Then, an SOC estimation method is proposed considering battery capacity loss. The simulation results show that the accuracy of battery capacity prediction based on particle filter is high under the condition of capacity loss.
Assessment of thyroid function during postpartum period with total thyroxine and total triiodothyronine levels measured by LC-MS/MS

Abstract Background: Assessment of thyroid function is important during postpartum period. However, measurements of total thyroxine (TT4) and total triiodothyronine (TT3) levels by immunoassays are mostly inaccurate during pregnancy and postpartum period, as immunoassays are interfered by hormone-binding proteins. LC-MS/MS is known to be selective and specific for the analysis of endocrine hormones and can be utilized for the analysis of TT4 and TT3. The aim of this study is to evaluate the reliability of TT4 and TT3 results measured by LC-MS/MS during postpartum period. Materials and Methods: Serum samples (n = 358) were obtained within postnatal 48 hr from participants. TT4 and TT3 levels were measured by LC-MS/MS method (TT4MS and TT3MS). Levels of free T4 (FT4), free T3 (FT3) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured by immunoassay methods (FT3IA, FT4IA, and TSHIA). Results: Statistically significant correlation was found between TSHIA and TT4MS (r = −0.13 and P = 0.01), whereas no correlation was detected between TSHIA and FT4IA, TT3MS or FT3IA. Conclusions: Significant negative correlation between TT4MS and TSHIA, and lack of correlation between FT4IA and TSHIA indicates that TT4MS measured by LC-MS/MS could be a more reliable parameter in the diagnosis of thyroid deficiency during postpartum period. Graphical Abstract