Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Maternal dietary deficiencies in one-carbon metabolism during early neurodevelopment result in larger damage volume, reduced neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation and changes in choline metabolites after ischemic stroke in middle-aged offspring

Maternal diet pregnancy and lactation is vital to the early life neuro programming of offspring. One-carbon (1C) metabolism, which includes folic acid and choline, plays a vital role in closure of the neural tube and other neurodevelopment. However, the impact of maternal dietary deficiencies on offspring neurological function following ischemic stroke later in life remains undefined. Stroke is one of the leading causes of death globally, and its prevalence is expected to increase in younger age groups as the incidence of various risk factors for stroke increases. Furthermore, our group has shown that dietary deficiencies in 1C metabolism result in worse stroke outcome. Our study aimed to investigate the role of maternal dietary deficiencies in folic acid and choline on ischemic stroke outcome in middle-aged male and female mice. Female mice were maintained on either a control or deficient diets prior to and during pregnancy and lactation. When female and male offspring were 10-months of age, ischemic stroke was induced via photothrombosis targeting the sensorimotor cortex. Stroke outcome was assessed by measuring motor function in living animals and ischemic damage volume, neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and choline metabolism in the brain postmortem. No significant difference was observed between maternal dietary groups in offspring motor function; however, males and females differed in their motor function. Maternal diet significantly impacted ischemic damage volume. Male and female offspring from deficient mothers showed significantly reduced neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation within the ischemic damage region. We also report changes in plasma 1C metabolites as a result of maternal diet and sex after ischemic stroke in offspring. Our data indicates that maternal dietary deficiencies do not impact offspring motor outcome following ischemic stroke, but do play a role in other ischemic stroke outcomes such as ischemic damage volume and plasma 1C metabolites in middle-aged adult offspring. Furthermore, our data indicates that sex of mice plays an important role in stroke outcome during middle-age.
Identifying Promising Sequences For Protein Engineering Using A Deep Transformer Protein Language Model

Protein engineers aim to discover and design novel sequences with targeted, desirable properties. Given the near limitless size of the protein sequence landscape, it is no surprise that these desirable sequences are often a relative rarity. This makes identifying such sequences a costly and time-consuming endeavor. In this work, we show how to use a deep Transformer Protein Language Model to identify sequences that have the most promise. Specifically, we use the model’s self-attention map to calculate a PROMISE SCORE that weights the relative importance of a given sequence according to predicted interactions with a specified binding partner. This PROMISE SCORE can then be used to identify strong binders worthy of further study and experimentation. We use the PROMISE SCORE within two protein engineering contexts— Nanobody (Nb) discovery and protein optimization. With Nb discovery, we show how the PROMISE SCORE provides an effective way to select lead sequences from Nb repertoires. With protein optimization, we show how to use the PROMISE SCORE to select site-specific mutagenesis experiments that identify a high percentage of improved sequences. In both cases, we also show how the self-attention map used to calculate the PROMISE SCORE can indicate which regions of a protein are involved in intermolecular interactions that drive the targeted property. Finally, we describe how to fine-tune the Transformer Protein Language Model to learn a predictive model for the targeted property, and discuss the capabilities and limitations of fine-tuning with and without knowledge transfer within the context of protein engineering.
Estimation of the X-ray scatter and veiling glare rate in coronarographic densitometric measurements

The method for absolute evaluation of X-ray scatter and veiling glare (SVG) in coronarographic images on cine films has been proposed in the light of some known approaches to this problem. In the method the reference object of the known X-ray attenuation is used and two kinds of characteristics: film sensitivity characteristic and image brightness vs. film optical density of the computer image acquisition system. The preliminary results have shown the significant contribution of X-ray SVG in images of coronary artery with contrast medium.
Multi‐level measurements of turbulence over the sea during the passage of a frontal zone

A Doppler radar technique originally proposed by Lhermitte (1968) has been used to measure the horizontal components of turbulence simultaneously at closely spaced height intervals from an altitude of 80m to 2500m. The observable range of turbulence scales was between about 200m and 5000m. Observations were made over the sea, with the radar situated on the Isles of Scilly, to minimize the effects of in-homogeneities in terrain. The measurements reported in this paper were made during the passage of a warm frontal zone with strong surface winds; they show the change with height in the structure of turbulence simultaneously in both the planetary boundary layer and a free shear zone situated some way above it. Below 600m, in the planetary boundary layer, the two horizontal components of turbulence were rather similar in intensity, the total variance of horizontal velocity in the observed spectral range decreasing from 1·7m2s−2 at 80m to less than 0·1m2s−2 at 700m. For much of the observed spectral range the turbulence spectra were of the form kS(k) α k−n, with n decreasing from 1·2 below 300m to 0·7 at 700m. The lapse rate was slightly less than dry adiabatic in the planetary boundary layer with broken cloud above 300m, consistent with slight stability below 300m and some instability above. The decrease in the value of n is thought to have been due to the decrease of stability with height. The spectral scale λm increased with height reaching a value of 1·6km at 900m. Above the boundary layer for most of the time there was a placid layer several hundred metres deep and this was surmounted by a free shear layer in which the variance of velocity increased again to typically 0·5m2s−2. In the free shear layer the horizontal components of turbulence resolved parallel and perpendicular to the local shear vector were rather similar in intensity at scales less than 500m but were markedly unequal at scales between 500m and 2km. This is consistent with the occurrence of Kelvin-Helmholtz billows with a wavelength of 1 to 2km. The Doppler radar measurements also enabled the vertical flux of horizontal momentum to be calculated. The quantity −u′w′ was found to decrease from about 0·2m2s−2 in the planetary boundary layer to about 0·01m2s−2 in the placid layer, before increasing again to about 0·1m2s−2 in the free shear layer. The energy dissipation rate ϵ was estimated from the turbulence spectra in those cases where the spectral slope n was not greatly different from 2/3. Values of ϵ decreased from 10cm2s−3 at 400m to 2cm2s−3 in the placid layer, before increasing to a second maximum of about 20cm2s−3 in the free shear zone. The rate of mechanical production of turbulence was calculated from the Doppler radar measurements of momentum flux and shear and it was found to vary with height in a rather similar manner to ϵ.
Pre-Congestion Notification marking

Pre-Congestion Notification (PCN) builds on the concepts of RFC 3168, "The addition of Explicit Congestion Notification to IP". However, Pre-Congestion Notification aims at providing notification before any congestion actually occurs. Pre-Congestion Notification is applied to real-time flows (such as voice, video and multimedia streaming) in DiffServ networks. As described in [CL-DEPLOY], it enables "pre" congestion control through two procedures, flow admission control and flow pre-emption. The draft proposes algorithms that determine when a PCN-enabled router writes Admission Marking and Pre-emption Marking in a packet header, depending on the traffic level. The draft also proposes how to encode these markings. We present simulation results with PCN working in an edge-to-edge scenario using the marking algorithms described. Other marking algorithms will be investigated in the future.
Performance comparison of hysteresis pulse width modulation and space vector pulse width modulation techniques for torque ripple reduction in permanent magnet synchronous motor using iterative learning control

Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) are widely used in high performance applications demanding smooth torque, accurate speed and position control. However the existing PMSM drive produces high torque ripples. The major challenge is to develop new torque control schemes to minimize the torque ripples so as to suit the application requirements. This paper describes two instantaneous field oriented torque control techniques − 1) Iterative learning controller (ILC) in combination with hysteresis pulse width modulation and 2) Iterative learning controller in combination with space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) to reduce torque ripples in PMSM drive. These techniques are simulated for drive performance under different load conditions using the Simulink library in MATLAB Version 10.0 and the results obtained are presented and compared. The simulation results show that the ILC with SVPWM technique has less torque ripples.
Gewebeschonende Entfernung von Frontzähnen mit dem Benex-Stabextraktor – Schritt für Schritt

Grizas E Die Erhaltung des Hartund Weichgewebes nach einer Extraktion stellt eine wichtige Voraussetzung für eine erfolgreiche Sofortimplantation dar [1]. Das von Benno Syfrig im Jahr 2003 entwickelte Benex-Extraktionsystem (ZEPF Medizintechnik, SeitingenOberflacht, Deutschland) erlaubt eine schonende Zahnextraktion. Bei dem System handelt es sich um eine vertikale Extraktionsmethode. Dabei wird entlang der Längsachse der Wurzel über eine axiale Zugkraft eine Extraktion ohne Dehnung des Alveolarknochens ermöglicht. Das umgebende Hartund Weichgewebe wird geschont (▶ Abb. 1).
Regukre Graphen gegebener Taillenweite mit minimaler Knotenzahl

G(n) sei ein Graph mit n Knotenpunkten; Knotenpunkte van Gcn) werden mit x1, . , y, . , Kanten werden mit, (z,, x,) bezeichnet’. Schlingen und Zweiecke werden nicht zugelassen. Die Valenz (oder Ordnung) 2’ (5) tines Knotenpunktes x von G(“) ist die Anzahl der Kanten, die mit x inzidieren. Es sei G(*j ein Graph mit den Knotenpunkten x1, . . . , z,~, welcher die Kante (9, x,), aber keine Kante (u+: x3) ent,h&lt ; (G(“) (xi, xj) + (q,, z,)) wird aus G(“) erhalten, indem wir die Kant’e (x1: x9) weglassen und die Kante (zl, x~) hinzufiigen. Ein Kreis ist ein einfach geschlossener Kantenzug. Die Entfernung (oder der Abstand) e (G’“): xi, x~) von xi und q in G(p1) sei die Ldnge des ktirzesten Kantenzuges, w&her xi und x; rerbindetf (die LLnge eines Kantenzuges oder Kreises ist die Anzahl der im Kant’enzuge oder Kreise vorkommenden Kant,en). Die Ldnge eines kiirzesten in Gcn) vorkommenden Kreises bezeichnen wir als die T ail1 en we it e Ton GCn). K (z, 1’) sei die Menge aller Knotenpunkte, die man x-on x aus durch einen Kantenzug der L? inge 5 Y erreichen kann (wir sollten eigentlich K (G(*) ; 2, Y) schreiben, tun dies aber nicht, da wir dieses Symbol so benutzen werden, daB in diesem Falle kein JliBverst&dnis Pntstehen kann). S sci die Anzahl der Elemente einer hienge 8.
Mode scrambler for polymer optical fibers

This paper covers the design and operation of a new mode scrambler for polymer optical fibers. This scrambler enables the rapid achievement of the equilibrium mode distribution without incurring significant insertion loss. Its main other features are small size and a costeffective design, making it very easy to build, configure, and operate. A numerical model based on geometrical optics is developed to understand the behavior of the scrambler, assess its overall performance, and help optimize its configuration. Results obtained through numerical simulation are then validated through experiments.
Fourier series-based repetitive learning variable structure control of hard disk drive servos

The demand for larger capacity and higher track density of hard disk drives requires significant improvement of actuator track following control. We developed a new repetitive learning system which synthesizes variable structure control (VSC) and repetitive learning during track following to improve tracking accuracy. Proof shows it completely nullifies the tracking error caused by bias force and repeatable runout. The proposed learning scheme uses the past VSC signal for updating instead of the past tracking error, and hence achieves a fast convergence. The Fourier series-based implementation selectively attenuates disturbance at given frequencies, hence avoids the influence from noise and other nonrepeatable factors.
Typ-2-Diabetes – Kriterien für die Wahl des Antidiabetikums

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Die moderne Behandlung des Typ-2-Diabetes verfolgt einen patientenzentrierten Ansatz. Die Festlegung des HbA1c-Zielwerts erfolgt unter Berücksichtigung der individuellen Situation der Betroffenen wie Alter, Krankheitsdauer und Komorbiditäten. Dem Behandler stehen in der stufenweisen Therapie des Typ-2-Diabetes mittlerweile mehrere Optionen mit unterschiedlichen Wirkmechanismen zur Verfügung, die gemäß der nationalen Versorgungsleitlinie nach Lebensstilintervention und Metformin-Basistherapie zum Einsatz kommen können. Studienergebnisse zeigen Unterschiede zwischen den einzelnen Substanzklassen hinsichtlich antihyperglykämischer Wirksamkeit, Hypoglykämierisiko und Effekt auf das Körpergewicht. Auch die Wirkung auf kardiovaskuläre Parameter tritt zunehmend in den Fokus der Arzneimittelwahl. Diese Abwägung von Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit spiegelt sich in der immer gebräuchlicheren Darstellung des kombinierten Endpunktes „Erreichen des Ziel-HbA1c ohne Hypoglykämien und ohne Gewichtszunahme“ in Studien wider. Eine leitliniengerechte, evidenzbasierte Einordnung der zur Verfügung stehenden Therapieoptionen soll der Orientierung im Praxisalltag dienen.
A Geometric Representation of the Frisch-Waugh-Lovell Theorem

Even though the result recently referred to as the "Frisch-Waugh-Lovell theorem" (FWL theorem, henceforth) has been around for a long time, it is relatively recently that it has been widely used by econometricians as a powerful pedagogical tool to express in a simple and intuitive way many results that often rely on tedious and seldom intuitive algebraic steps, which are also notationally cumbersome. Even though a proof of the FWL theorem can be based entirely on standard algebraic results, the main reason of its increasing popularity is its strong geometric appeal. Recent texts and articles provide a mix between algebraic proofs and geometrical illustrations of the theorem, but none of them presents a fully geometrical proof of the result. The goal of this note is very modest: it extends the standard geometrical representations of the theorem to actually prove it based on geometrical arguments, which should, hopefully, provide a richer understanding of the scope of the theorem.
HIPPARCOS photometry of 24 variable massive stars (alpha Cygni variables)

The photometric variability of 24 Cyg vari- ables, i.e. variable super{and hypergiants, observed by the Hipparcos satellite is described. Three of the selected stars are situated in the SMC, 12 in the LMC and the remain- ing 9 in the Galactic plane. Four of them are hot S Dor{ type variables, or LBVs (luminous blue variables) and two are possible members of this class. Light curves are pre- sented for all stars. For ve stars, among which one LBV, the variability was discovered from the Hipparcos photo- metric data. Results of period searches are presented and, when relevant, folded light curves are shown. The linear ephemeris of two variables was revised. For most of the program stars the Hipparcos magni- tude scale (Hp) diers from the V of the UBV system by < 0: m 1. For all variables temperatures and Mbol are given. Galactic foreground reddening for the objects in the Magellanic Clouds are given based on IRAS maps.
On consistent stress rates in solid mechanics: Computational implications

SUMMARY In the context of general isothermal elastic processes, issues related to work conjugacy and its effect on the choice of a stress rate are discussed for processes involving large strains. It is shown that a unique stress rate consistent with hyperelasticity can be defined for every conjugate pair chosen through the rate form of the associated hyperelastic constitutive equation. That results in non-constant and generally anisotropic spatial elasticity tensors even for a linear isotropic material. The anisotropic spatial elasticity tensor connected with the Green-Naghdi rate of Kirchhoff stress is evaluated, which provides a basis for the spatial formulation of processes governed by the Hencky’s strain energy function? 8949 Notions of equivalent and irreducible form of stress rate are introduced using a ‘workless’ component of the deformation rate. The hyperelastic constitutive models for the conjugate pairs {S, E@)} and {T, In U), which are of significance for computation, are stated in their explicit form. Exact rate forms are derived and the order of approximation of currently employed computational algorithms discussed. Finally, computational implications of the work presented are reviewed.
Bubble formation, motion and interaction in a Hele-Shaw cell

We consider the motion of the flattened bubbles which form when air is injected into a viscous fluid contained in the narrow gap between two flat, parallel plates which make up a conventional Hele-Shaw cell, inclined at an angle x to the horizontal. We present a number of qualitative observations on the formation and interaction of the streams of bubbles that appear when air is injected continuously into the cell. The majority of this paper is then concerned with the shape and velocity of rise of single, isolated bubbles over a wide range of bubble size and cell inclination. We compare these results to theories by Taylor & Saffman (1959), and Tanveer (1986). It appears that the bubble characteristics found by an ad hoc speculation in Taylor & Saffman (1959) and by Tanveer (1986) only agree with the experimental results in the limit α → 0, and for large bubble widths (D). For finite values of α, it is necessary to use the measured bubble shape in order to calculate the rise velocity using the more general Taylor & Saffman (1959) formulation. Deviations from these theories for small D can be explained by considering the effects of the detailed flow close to the bubble surface.
A Note on the Coefficient of Determination in Models with Infinite Variance Variables

Since the seminal work of Mandelbrot (1963), alpha-stable distributions with infinite variance have been regarded as a more realistic distributional assumption than the normal distribution for some economic variables, especially financial data. After providing a brief survey of theoretical results on estimation and hypothesis testing in regression models with infinite-variance variables, we examine the statistical properties of the coefficient of determination in models with alpha-stable variables. If the regressor and error term share the same index of stability alpha
PARENT STARS OF EXTRASOLAR PLANETS III : RHO 1 CANCRI REVISITED

New values of the atmospheric parameters of 1 Cnc are derived. From spectroscopic analysis of very high S/N, high resolution spectra, we obtain: Te = 5250 70 K, log g = 4:40 0:15 (cgs), t =0 :80 0:09 km s 1 , and (Fe/H) = 0:450:05. This temperature estimate is consistent with other recent determinations by Gonzalez and Fuhrmann et al. We have also derived CNO abundances and set a new upper limit on the lithium abundance of log =0 :500:15. From an analysis of the CN bands near 8000 ˚ A, we set a lower limit on the 12 C/ 13 C ratio of 30.
A quasi-universal scaling law for atomic transport in simple fluids

A semi-empirical `universal' corresponding-states relationship, for the dimensionless transport coefficients of dense fluids as functions of the reduced configurational entropy, was proposed more than twenty years ago and established by many simulations. Here it is shown analytically, by appealing to Enskog's original results for the inverse-power potentials, that the quasi-universal entropy scaling can be extended also to dilute gases. The analytic form and the possible origin for the entropy scaling for dense fluids are discussed in view of this unexpected result. On the basis of the entropy scaling we predict a minimum in the shear viscosity as a function of temperature for all soft inverse-power potentials, in quantitative agreement with the available simulations.
Reiseimpfungen – Hinweise und Empfehlungen

Die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin und Globale Gesundheit (DTG) erarbeitet und aktualisiert jährlich Empfehlungen zu Reiseimpfungen und zur Malariaprophylaxe. In diesem Jahr erfolgt die Erarbeitung der Empfehlungen zum dritten Mal durch den Ständigen Ausschuss Reise medi zin (StAR) der DTG. Dieser setzt sich aus Expertinnen und Experten der großen Tropeninstitute und tropenmedizinischen Abteilungen, der Arbeitsmedizin, des Auswärtigen Amts, der Bundeswehr, der Flugmedizin und maritimen Medizin und des niedergelassenen Bereichs zusammen. Im StAR ist damit ein großer Teil der reisemedizinischen Expertise in Deutschland vertreten. Die im Folgenden gewählte männliche Form bezieht sich zugleich auf weibliche und männliche Personen. Auf eine Doppelbezeichnung wird zugunsten einer besseren Lesbarkeit verzichtet. Die Empfehlungen und Hinweise beruhen auf Expertenwissen und sind keine evidenzbasierten Leitlinien. Sie basieren jedoch auf aktuellen wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen und in der Praxis bewährten Vorgehensweisen und Erfahrungen.
THE 18 CENTIMETER OH-EMISSION OF IC-4553 (ARP-220)

All transitions of hydroxyl have been found in emission in IC 4553 (Arp 220). The line shapes have been decomposed and interpreted in terms of three distinct emission regions: one region at the systemic velocity of the galaxy, and a second at a 334 km/s higher velocity. A third region represents a nuclear outflow with a terminal velocity of approximately 700 km/s. The emission lines for the region I are the strongest and originate in a molecular disk surrounding the nucleus of the galaxy. The infalling foreground region II is thought to be rather extended and has a very prominennt 1612 MHz line. The line ratios of regions I and II are quite different indicating that, although the primary pump for both regions is the infrared radiation field, there are differences in the (secondary) excitation conditions. Regions I and II may represent the two nuclei of the galaxies, which make up the merging IC 4553. The excitation of region III is collisional. 19 references.