Collaborative Virtual Environments: Digital Places and Spaces for Interaction

1 Collaborative Virtual Environments (CVEs): Histories, Perspectives and Issues. - 1 Collaborative Virtual Environments: Digital Spaces and Places for CSCW: An Introduction. - 1.1 Introduction. - 1.2 Collaborative Virtual Environments: Some Considerations. - 1.3 Themes Covered in the Book. - 1.4 Summary. - 2 Technical Issues and System Challenges. - 2 Extending the Limits of Collaborative Virtual Environments. - 2.1 Introduction. - 2.2 Support for Awareness of Other People. - 2.3 Support for Multiple Media. - 2.4 Support for Scalability. - 2.5 Summary and Conclusion. - 3 System Challenges for Collaborative Virtual Environments. - 3.1 Introduction. - 3.2 Collaborative Virtual Environments. - 3.3 Structures for Modelling VEs. - 3.4 Conclusion. - 4 Understanding the Network Requirements of Collaborative Virtual Environments. - 4.1 Introduction. - 4.2 User Behaviour. - 4.3 Process Behaviour. - 4.4 Distribution Architecture. - 4.5 Communication Protocol. - 4.6 Network Topology. - 4.7 Conclusions. - 3 Bodies, Presences and Interactions. - 5 "He's Behind You": The Experience of Presence in Shared Virtual Environments. - 5.1 Introduction. - 5.2 The Ethnographic Study. - 5.3 Presence in Electronic Environments. - 5.4 Supporting Presence through Inter subjectivity and Learnability. - 5.5 Developing Engagement Properties. - 5.6 Summary and Conclusions. - 6 All That Is Solid Melts Into Software. - 6.1 Collaborative Virtual Environments Using Symbolic Acting. - 6.2 Symbolic Acting in Action. - 6.3 Results and Re-Design. - 6.4 Conclusions and Future Work. - 7 Virtually Missing the Point: Configuring CVEs for Object-Focused Interaction. - 7.1 Introduction. - 7.2 Objects, Interaction and VR. - 7.3 Approach. - 7.4 Furniture World: An Initial Investigation. - 7.5 Duplication World: Extending Actions and Views. - 7.6 Discussion. - 4 Sharing Context in CVEs - Or "I Know What I See, But What Do You See? ". - 8 How Not To Be Objective. - 8.1 Introduction. - 8.2 Populated Information Terrains. - 8.3 Subjectivity. - 8.4 Creating a Subjective Environment. - 8.5 A Subjective Application. - 8.6 Discussion. - 8.7 Summary. - 9 Supporting Flexible Roles in a Shared Space. - 9.1 Introduction. - 9.2 Kansas. - 9.3 Two Examples. - 9.4 Awareness and WYSIWITYS. - 9.5 Capabilities in the User Interface. - 9.6 User Interfaces to Dynamic Capability Acquisition. - 9.7 Conclusions. - 5 So, Now We'1 Collaborative Virtual Environments (CVEs): Histories, Perspectives and Issues. - 1 Collaborative Virtual Environments: Digital Spaces and Places for CSCW: An Introduction. - 1.1 Introduction. - 1.2 Collaborative Virtual Environments: Some Considerations. - 1.3 Themes Covered in the Book. - 1.4 Summary. - 2 Technical Issues and System Challenges. - 2 Extending the Limits of Collaborative Virtual Environments. - 2.1 Introduction. - 2.2 Support for Awareness of Other People. - 2.3 Support for Multiple Media. - 2.4 Support for Scalability. - 2.5 Summary and Conclusion. - 3 System Challenges for Collaborative Virtual Environments. - 3.1 Introduction. - 3.2 Collaborative Virtual Environments. - 3.3 Structures for Modelling VEs. - 3.4 Conclusion. - 4 Understanding the Network Requirements of Collaborative Virtual Environments. - 4.1 Introduction. - 4.2 User Behaviour. - 4.3 Process Behaviour. - 4.4 Distribution Architecture. - 4.5 Communication Protocol. - 4.6 Network Topology. - 4.7 Conclusions. - 3 Bodies, Presences and Interactions. - 5 "He's Behind You": The Experience of Presence in Shared Virtual Environments. - 5.1 Introduction. - 5.2 The Ethnographic Study. - 5.3 Presence in Electronic Environments. - 5.4 Supporting Presence through Inter subjectivity and Learnability. - 5.5 Developing Engagement Properties. - 5.6 Summary and Conclusions. - 6 All That Is Solid Melts Into Software. - 6.1 Collaborative Virtual Environments Using Symbolic Acting. - 6.2 Symbolic Acting in Action. - 6.3 Results and Re-Design. - 6.4 Conclusions and Future Work. - 7 Virtually Missing the Point: Configuring CVEs for Object-Focused Interaction. - 7.1 Introduction. - 7.2 Objects, Interaction and VR. - 7.3 Approach. - 7.4 Furniture World: An Initial Investigation. - 7.5 Duplication World: Extending Actions and Views. - 7.6 Discussion. - 4 Sharing Context in CVEs - Or "I Know What I See, But What Do You See? ". - 8 How Not To Be Objective. - 8.1 Introduction. - 8.2 Populated Information Terrains. - 8.3 Subjectivity. - 8.4 Creating a Subjective Environment. - 8.5 A Subjective Application. - 8.6 Discussion. - 8.7 Summary. - 9 Supporting Flexible Roles in a Shared Space. - 9.1 Introduction. - 9.2 Kansas. - 9.3 Two Examples. - 9.4 Awareness and WYSIWITYS. - 9.5 Capabilities in the User Interface. - 9.6 User Interfaces to Dynamic Capability Acquisition. - 9.7 Conclusions. - 5 So, Now We're In A CVE, What Do We Do? - 10 Designing Interactive Collaborative Environments. - 10.1 Introduction. - 10.2 Electronic Landscapes - The Web Planetarium. - 10.3 A 3D Collaborative Storytelling Tool: From Blob to Klump. - 10.4 Supervisory Robot Control and Mixed Reality. - 10.5 Potential Techniques for Spatial Interaction in Multi-User Surround Display Environments. - 10.6 Summary and Conclusions. - 11 Designing to Support Collaborative Scientific Research Across Distances: The nanoManipulator Environment. - 11.1 Introduction. - 11.2 The Scientific Research Context. - 11.3 Design to Support Collaborative Cognitive Work Across Distances. - 11.4 Design Verification and Refinement: Guidance from Social Awareness Literature. - 11.5 Evaluation. - 11.6 Conclusion. - 12 Tele-Immersive Collaboration in the CAVE Research Network. - 12.1 Introduction. - 12.2 Tele-Immersion. - 12.3 Current Applications. - 12.4 Lessons Learned. - 12.5 New Challenges. - 12.6 Summary. - 6 The Emerging and Existing Cultures of CVE Communities. - 13 Designing an Emergent Culture of Negotiation in Collaborative Virtual Communities: The DomeCityMOO Simulation. - 13.1 Introduction. - 13.2 Communication in Virtual Spaces. - 13.3 Culture and Collaborative Virtual Community Design. - 13.4 The DomeCityMOO. - 13.5 Power Negotiation and Collaboration in DomeCityMOO. - 13.6 Conclusions. - 13.7 Lessons Learned for CVE Designers About Emergent Culture and Negotiation. - 13.8 Next Steps for Culture and Collaborative Virtual Community Design. - 14 Waterfall Glen: Social Virtual Reality at Work. - 14.1 Introduction. - 14.2 The Waterfall Glen Project. - 14.3 Observations. - 14.4 Summary. - 15 The Role of the Personal in Social Workspaces: Reflections on Working in AlphaWorld. - 15.1 Introduction. - 15.2 The AlphaWorld Virtual Office. - 15.3 Beyond Encounters. - 15.4 Conclusions. - References.