Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influences of annealing temperature on structural characterization and magnetic properties of Mn-doped BaTiO3 ceramics

Polycrystalline samples of BaTiO3 doped with 2.0 at. % Mn were prepared by solid-state reaction at various temperatures (Tan) ranging from 500 to 1350 °C, used high-pure powders of BaCO3, TiO2, and MnCO3 as precursors. Experimental results obtained from x-ray diffraction patterns and Raman scattering spectra reveal that tetragonal Mn-doped BaTiO3 starts constituting as Tan ≈ 500 °C. The Tan increase leads to the development of this phase. Interestingly, there is the tetragonal-hexagonal transformation in the crystal structure of BaTiO3 as Tan ≈ 1100 °C. Such the variations influence directly magnetic properties of the samples. Besides paramagnetic contributions of Mn2+ centers traced to electron spin resonance, the room-temperature ferromagnetism found in the samples is assigned to exchange interactions taking place between Mn3+ and Mn4+ ions located in tetragonal BaTiO3 crystals.
Cancellation Effects in CSR Induced Bunch Transverse Dynamics in Bends

The partial cancellation between the effect of centrifugal space charge force on transverse bunch dynamics and the potential energy effect has been a long-standing controversial issue in the study of coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) induced bunch dynamics in bends. In this paper, we clarify our definition of the ''centrifugal space charge force,'' and discuss the meaning of the ''cancellation effect'' and its general application. We further use simulation to demonstrate the cancellation in both steady state and transient regimes, and show the behavior of the effective transverse force.
The block decoupling problem for systems over a ring

The decoupling problem by static-state feedback for a system with coefficients in a ring is investigated using a geometric approach. The notion of a precontrollability submodule, which captures the geometric aspects of the notion of controllability subset of the state space in the present context, is introduced and it is used for stating solvability conditions for the decoupling problem for a system with coefficients in a Noetherian ring. This result extends and improves previous results concerning systems with coefficients in a principal ideal domain and it can, in particular, be used for dealing with decoupling problem involving delay-differential systems.
Projective pose estimation of linear and quadratic primitives in monocular computer vision

Abstract In this paper the relevance of perspective geometry for 3D scene analysis from a single view is asserted. Analytic procedures for perspective inversion of special primitive configurations are presented. Four configurations are treated: (1) four coplanar segments; (2) three orthogonal segments; (3) a circle arc; (4) a quadric of revolution. A complete and thorough illustration of the developed methodologies is given. The importance of the selected primitives is illustrated in different application contexts. Experimental results on real images are provided for configurations (3) and (4).
INTRINSIC FORMULATION OF THE DISPLACEMENT- TRACTION PROBLEM IN LINEARIZED ELASTICITY

The displacement-traction problem of linearized elasticity is a system of partial differential equations and boundary conditions whose unknown is the displacement field inside a linearly elastic body. We explicitly identify here the corresponding boundary conditions satisfied by the linearized strain tensor field associated with such a displacement field. Using this identification, we are then able to provide an intrinsic formulation of the displacement-traction problem of linearized elasticity, by showing how it can be recast into a boundary value problem whose unknown is the linearized strain tensor field.
Modeling Within-Basket Auxiliary Item Recommendation with Matchability and Ubiquity

Within-basket recommendation is to recommend suitable items for the current basket with some already known items. The within-basket auxiliary item recommendation (WBAIR) is to recommend auxiliary items based on the primary items in the basket. Such a task exists in many real-life scenarios. Unlike the associations between items that can be transmitted in both directions, primary and auxiliary relationships are unidirectional. Then, the suitable matching patterns between primary and auxiliary items cannot be explored by traditional directionless methods. Therefore, we design the Matc4Rec algorithm to integrate the primary and auxiliary factors, and finally recommend items that not only match the interests of users but also satisfy the primary and auxiliary relationships between items. Specifically, we capture the pattern from three aspects: matchability within-basket, matchability between baskets, and ubiquity. By exploiting this pattern, the designed algorithm not only achieves good results on real-world datasets but also improves the interpretability of recommendations. As a result, we can know which commodities are suitable as auxiliary items. The experiment results demonstrate that our algorithm can also alleviate the cold start problem.
Enhancement of K-means clustering in big data based on equilibrium optimizer algorithm

Abstract Data mining’s primary clustering method has several uses, including gene analysis. A set of unlabeled data is divided into clusters using data features in a clustering study, which is an unsupervised learning problem. Data in a cluster are more comparable to one another than to those in other groups. However, the number of clusters has a direct impact on how well the K-means algorithm performs. In order to find the best solutions for these real-world optimization issues, it is necessary to use techniques that properly explore the search spaces. In this research, an enhancement of K-means clustering is proposed by applying an equilibrium optimization approach. The suggested approach adjusts the number of clusters while simultaneously choosing the best attributes to find the optimal answer. The findings establish the usefulness of the suggested method in comparison to existing algorithms in terms of intra-cluster distances and Rand index based on five datasets. Through the results shown and a comparison of the proposed method with the rest of the traditional methods, it was found that the proposal is better in terms of the internal dimension of the elements within the same cluster, as well as the Rand index. In conclusion, the suggested technique can be successfully employed for data clustering and can offer significant support.
Analytical 2D model of transducer arrays for predicting elementary electroacoustic response and directivity pattern

The purpose of this paper is to provide a new analytical model from which the elementary electroacoustic response and directivity pattern of 1D piezocomposite arrays are simultaneously predicted. The approach is based on the propagation theory in multi-layers structures. The model has been used for simulating a complete 1D array. A test device has been constructed and characterized through measurements of displacement and angular directivity. Experimental results are presented and compared with theory.
Structural Parameters Which Reduce the Number of Manipulator Configurations

The inverse kinematics of series-chain, six-degree-of-freedom manipulators has been developed to the point where it yields all possible configurations for a given end-effector position and orientation. In this paper we use the methods of inverse kinematics to uncover the conditions on the structural parameters which cause a manipulator to yield a lower maximum number of configurations than its general class. It is shown that the following conditions can cause a diminution in the maximum number of possible configurations: parallel joint axes, perpendicular joint axes, intersecting joint axes, and Bennett geometries. Using these geometries in 6R, 5R1P, 4R2P, and 3R3P chains, this paper determines the reduction in degree of their characteristic polynomials.
Multi-Scale Adversarial Learning and Difficult Supervision for Kidney and Kidney Tumor Segmentation

Automatic segmentation of kidney and kidney tumor areas plays an important role in radiotherapy and clinical practice. In recent years, deep learning methods have been widely used in the segmentation task and have achieved remarkable achievements. However, automatic segmentation of kidney and kidney tumors is still challenging due to their diverse shapes, complex types and unpredictable locations. Inspired by the deep supervision strategy, in this paper, we propose a cascade based approach with multi-scale adversarial learning and difﬁcult supervision to address these challenges. On the whole, the proposed method follows the typical cascade strategy, where coarse segmentation is performed ﬁrst and then ﬁne segmentation is implemented. For the coarse segmentation part, we use Res-UNet to obtain regions of interest for kidneys and masses (include tumor and cyst). In the ﬁne segmentation part, we propose a Multi-Scale Adversarial Learning Difﬁ-culty Supervised UNet (MSALDS-UNet) as our ﬁne-segmented network, which consists of a segmentation network and multiple discriminators. It applies adversarial learning strategies at multiple scales of the segmentation network to improve the ﬁnal segmentation performance. This is similar to the motivation of deep supervision. In addition, we also propose a difﬁcult region supervised loss applied in MSALDS-UNet to utilize the structured information to better segment hard-to-segment regions such as fuzzy boundaries. This proposed approach can transform multi-class segmentation tasks into multiple simple binary segmentation problems. A thorough validation on the dataset provided by the 2021 Kidney and Kidney Tumor Segmentation Challenge
Delaying the GABA Shift Indirectly Affects Membrane Properties in the Developing Hippocampus

During the first two postnatal weeks, intraneuronal chloride concentrations in rodents gradually decrease, causing a shift from depolarizing to hyperpolarizing GABA responses. The postnatal GABA shift is delayed in rodent models for neurodevelopmental disorders and in human patients, but the impact of a delayed GABA shift on the developing brain remains obscure. Here we examine the direct and indirect consequences of a delayed postnatal GABA shift on network development in organotypic hippocampal cultures made from 6- to 7-d-old mice by treating the cultures for 1 week with VU0463271, a specific inhibitor of the chloride exporter KCC2. We verified that VU treatment delayed the GABA shift and kept GABA signaling depolarizing until DIV9. We found that the structural and functional development of excitatory and inhibitory synapses at DIV9 was not affected after VU treatment. In line with previous studies, we observed that GABA signaling was already inhibitory in control and VU-treated postnatal slices. Surprisingly, 14 d after the VU treatment had ended (DIV21), we observed an increased frequency of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents in CA1 pyramidal cells, while excitatory currents were not changed. Synapse numbers and release probability were unaffected. We found that dendrite-targeting interneurons in the stratum radiatum had an elevated resting membrane potential, while pyramidal cells were less excitable compared with control slices. Our results show that depolarizing GABA signaling does not promote synapse formation after P7, and suggest that postnatal intracellular chloride levels indirectly affect membrane properties in a cell-specific manner. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT During brain development, the action of neurotransmitter GABA shifts from depolarizing to hyperpolarizing. This shift is a thought to play a critical role in synapse formation. A delayed shift is common in rodent models for neurodevelopmental disorders and in human patients, but its consequences for synaptic development remain obscure. Here, we delayed the GABA shift by 1 week in organotypic hippocampal cultures and carefully examined the consequences for circuit development. We find that delaying the shift has no direct effects on synaptic development, but instead leads to indirect, cell type-specific changes in membrane properties. Our data call for careful assessment of alterations in cellular excitability in neurodevelopmental disorders.
Oscillatory brain activity as unified control mechanism for working memory and mentalizing

It has long been thought that coordination of briefly maintained information (so-called working memory) and higher social cognition (mentalizing) rely on mutually exclusive brain mechanisms. However, here we show that slow rhythmical brain activity in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex controls distributed networks associated with working memory as well as mentalizing during cognitively demanding visual and social tasks. Depending on the effort necessary for cognitive operations, the phase of slow frontal oscillations is used to precisely tune communication with posterior brain areas. For participants having low autistic personality traits, this mechanism is identical across tasks – no matter whether visual or social information is processed. This underpins a unified function of the mentioned oscillatory brain mechanism in working memory and mentalizing. Participants with high autistic personality traits – thus, with difficulty in social cognition – however, have an inability to efficiently tune brain communication depending on cognitive effort in visual information processing. Even more striking, in higher social cognition they fail to implement coordination of distributed brain networks by slow frontal oscillations completely. So, while these findings suggest a unified function of brain oscillations in cognitive coordination they also explain why individuals with high autistic personality traits can have difficulties with demanding cognitive processing across domains.
OPTICAL PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS USING A POINT SPREAD FUNCTION AND MODULATION TRANSFER FUNCTION FOR W-BAND PMMW IMAGING SYSTEM BASED ON QUASI OPTICS FOCUSED ARRAY OF DIELECTRIC ROD WAVEGUIDE ANTENNA

The appropriateness of dielectric loaded antenna for the passive millimeter wave imaging application has recently been demonstrated. In this paper, we analyze the optical performance of the passive millimeter wave (PMMW) imaging system based on a 1D focal plane array (FPA) of dielectric rod waveguide (DRW) antennas. A flrst step in the design process is to analyze the image quality potential of 1D FPA-based imaging system in terms of the point spread function (PSF) and the modulation transfer function (MTF). We consider the efiect
A note on the use of dust plasma crystals as FIR/submillimeter filters

The use of dust plasma crystals as filters of electromagnetic waves in the far-infrared or submillimeter wavelength regime is investigated theoretically. The analysis is based on previous analyses of crystalline colloid array filters that make use of dynamical diffraction theory coupled with theory for electromagnetic wave scattering from small spheres. Theoretical bandwidths, attenuation factors, and limits on wave intensity are considered.
Motor “laziness” constrains fixation selection in real-world tasks

People coordinate their eye, head, and body movements to gather information from a dynamic environment while maximizing reward and minimizing biomechanical and energetic costs. Such natural behavior is not possible in a laboratory setting where the head and body are usually restrained and the tasks and stimuli used often lack ecological validity. Therefore, it’s unclear to what extent principles of fixation selection derived from lab studies, such as inhibition-of-return (IOR), apply in a real-world setting. To address this gap, participants performed nine real-world tasks, including driving, grocery shopping, and building a lego set, while wearing a mobile eye tracker (169 recordings; 26.6 hours). Surprisingly, spatial and temporal IOR were absent in all tasks. Instead, participants most often returned to what they just viewed, and saccade latencies were shorter preceding return than forward saccades. We hypothesized that participants minimize the time their eyes spend in an eccentric position to conserve eye and head motor effort. Correspondingly, we observed center biases in the distributions of fixation location and duration, relative to the head’s orientation. A model that generates scanpaths by randomly sampling these distributions reproduced the spatial and temporal return phenomena seen in the data, including distinct 3-fixation sequences for forward versus return saccades. The amount of the orbit used in each task traded off with fixation duration, as if both incur costs in the same space. Conservation of effort (“laziness”) explains all these behaviors, demonstrating that motor costs shape how people extract and act on relevant visual information from the environment. Significance Statement Humans display remarkably precise yet flexible control of eye and body movements, allowing for a wide range of activities. However, most studies of gaze behavior use the same setup: a head-restrained participant views small images on a computer. Such lab studies find that people avoid looking at the same thing twice, and hesitate in cases when they do. We had people perform nine everyday activities while wearing glasses with embedded eye tracking, and surprisingly found that they did the opposite, often returning to what they just viewed and expediting these “return” eye movements over others. A tendency to keep the eyes centered in the head, which we speculate helps to conserve motor effort, explained these behaviors for all tasks.
Cis-regulatory landscapes of the fat-tailed dunnart and mouse provide insights into the drivers of craniofacial heterochrony

Marsupials display accelerated development of the craniofacial region relative to the neurocranium when compared to placental mammals. This is thought to facilitate suckling by the highly altricial neonate after making the journey into the pouch. While cis-regulatory regions are considered to play a significant role in morphological evolution the face, the genetic mechanisms involved in craniofacial heterochrony among the major mammal lineages remain unclear. Here, we compared the cis-regulatory landscapes of the fat-tailed dunnart (Sminthopsis crassicaudata; Dasyuridae), a small marsupial amenable to laboratory husbandry, and mouse to gain insights into the basis of heterochrony. We compared patterns of the chromatin modifications, H3K4me3 and H3K27ac, between the dunnart and mouse during developmental stages when homologous craniofacial structures form each in species. We found that dunnart promoter- and enhancer-associated peaks at the time of birth in the dunnart broadly overlapped with all the stages of embryonic craniofacial development assessed in the mouse. However, dunnart-specific peaks were significantly enriched around genes whose mouse orthologs exhibit increased expression in the face over time. Moreover, genes displaying this temporal expression pattern were enriched for Gene Ontology terms related to ossification and skeletal development, processes that underlie development of the cranial muscles and bones of the face. This suggests a greater similarity between immediate postnatal chromatin landscape in the dunnart and late embryonic craniofacial development in the mouse. Using mouse-dunnart comparisons, we also discovered evidence of dunnart-specific peaks active near genes involved in the development of mechanosensory structures that may relate to the distinctive postnatal journey marsupial young take to the reach the pouch. This study characterised cis-regulatory elements driving craniofacial development in marsupials and their potential role in craniofacial heterochrony.
A Tabu Search Approach for solving the Travelling Purchase Problem

The traveling purchaser problem (TPP) consists of determining a simple cycle in graph passing through the initial start node and a subset of markets so that all products are purchased at a minimum total cost obtained by adding the routing (travel) cost and the purchasing cost. The TPP is classified as NP-Hard and can be seen as a generalization of the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). Tabu Search (TS) has been successfully applied to a variety of combinatorial problems. In this paper, we develop a solution for the TPP which consists of three phases: the first phase is to find the shortest path between every two nodes on the graph using Floyd’s algorithm, the second phase is to find an initial solution using the shortest path associated with cost at each market. The last phase is to apply the TS to find the best solution.
Feasibility Study on the Implementation of Cubic Motion Curve for Vehicle Trajectory Planning

Cubic Motion curve has been introduced to integrate the information of path and motion. Since this is a new approach, a feasibility study has been carried out to analyse the practicality of Cubic Motion curves used as the input for the study of vehicle dynamic response. This study requires the development of three modules, namely, the Cubic Motion module, the vehicle dynamic model, the driver model (VDM-DM) module, and, lastly, the integrated module. The Cubic Motion module will generate Cubic Motion curve. The VDM-DM module applies the 2 DOF bicycle model and links it with Reński's driver model. Finally, an integrated module will merge both previous modules as a complete system for trajectory and vehicle response as the output. The double lane change and the Slalom test were the case studies used to develop an understanding of the applicability of the three types of Cubic Motion input, namely, natural, adjusted tangent, and additional vertex cubic motion. The finding of this study is that Cubic Motion is in fact a compact representation of curve with motion attributes and can be directly associated with a vehicle dynamic response study.
Avoiding manoeuvre when faced with an unexpected versus likely pedestrian

Abstract The purpose of this study was to identify the strategies adopted by drivers when confronted to an unexpected event, pedestrian crossing, and to test the influence of having (or not) a collision with the pedestrian when faced to others pedestrian. Fifty-three participants were submitted to a simulator circuit including three unexpected pedestrians crossing the road. The subjective alertness and tension were collected by the Thayer questionnaire before the drive and the pupillary diameter was measured using an eye-tracking device. The results show that physiological state is important in the early processes of the driving session because it determines the first experience with an unexpected event and the change inherent to this experience. In a second time, driving parameters, such as speed and used strategy for avoidance, have a higher importance to explain driving performance.
Analysis of Supercooled Liquid Water Measurements Using Microwave Radiometer and Vibrating Wire Devices

Abstract A review is made of the theoretical basis for using a vibrating wire to measure supercooled liquid water in clouds. The device consists of a vibrating wire and associated electronics added to radiosondes. The sensing wire that collects supercooled liquid water as rime ice is placed in a specially designed duct to minimize effects from swinging of the balloon as it ascends. Profiles of supercooled liquid water are vertically integrated, so that comparisons with radiometer measurements may be made. Because the radiometer senses all liquid whether from supercooled water, melting snow, or rain, any comparisons are valid only when the entire viewing path of the radiometer remains below 0°C. Comparisons of supercooled liquid water measurements by the vibrating wire and a microwave radiometer show that the two methods are in good agreement. Even better agreement is obtained when the effect of a variable cloud radiation temperature on the radiometer measurement is taken into account. The remaining differ.