Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effective Sampling Design for Groundwater Transport Models

Model reliability is important when groundwater models are used for evaluation of environmental impact and water resource management. Model attributes such as geohydrologic units and parameter values need to be quantified in order to obtain reliable results. A primary objective of sampling design for groundwater models is to increase the reliability of modelling results by selecting effective measurement locations and times. It is advantageous to employ simulation models to guide measurement strategies already in early investigation stages. Normally, optimal design is only possible when model attributes are known prior to constructing a design. This is not a meaningful requirement as the model attributes are the final result of the analysis and are not known beforehand. Thus, robust design methods are required that are effective for ranges of parameter values, measurement error types and for alternative conceptual models. Parameter sensitivity is the fundamental model property that is used in this thesis to create effective designs. For conceptual model uncertainty, large-scale sensitivity analysis is used to devise networks that capture sufficient information to determine which model best describes the system with a minimum of measurement points. In fixed conceptual models, effective parameter- and error-robust designs are based on criteria that minimise the size of the parameter covariance matrix (D-optimality). Optimal designs do not necessarily have observations with the highest parameter sensitivities because D-optimality reduces parameter estimation errors by balancing high sensitivity and low correlation between parameters. Ignoring correlation in sparse designs may result in considerably inefficient designs. Different measurement error assumptions may also give widely different optimal designs. Early stage design often involves simple homogenous models for which the design effectiveness may be seriously offset by significant aquifer heterogeneity. Simple automatic and manual methods are possible for design generation. While none of these guarantee globally optimal designs, they do generate designs that are more effective than those normally used for measurement programs. Effective designs are seldom intuitively obvious, indicating that this methodology is quite useful. A general benefit of this type of analysis, in addition to the actual generation of designs, is insight into the relative importance of model attributes and their relation to different measurement strategies.
Evaluating policies to achieve emission goals in urban road transport

Es werden unterschiedliche Politiken untersucht und bewertet, die es moeglicherweise erlauben, staedtische Emissionsziele auch im Verkehrsbereich zu erreichen. Betrachtet werden ein generelles Tempolimit in der Stadt, eine Cordon-Maut fuer den gesamten Strassenverkehr, eine fuer den privaten Verkehr und eine fuer den Wirtschaftsverkehr sowie eine Maut auf den innerstaedtischen Schnelltrassen fuer den Personenverkehr und eine fuer den Wirtschaftsverkehr. Alternativ wird untersucht, welche Wirkung ein starker Anstieg der Benzinpreise hat. Die raeumlichen Gleichgewichtssimulationen in einem polyzentrischen Random Utility Ansatz zeigen, dass ein hohes Emissionsziel sowohl mit einer Cordon-Maut fuer den Strassenverkehr als auch einer Cordon-Maut fuer den privaten Verkehr, einer Geschwindigkeitsbegrenzung und einem Preisanstieg fuer Benzin erreicht werden kann. Eine Belastung des Gueterverkehrs alleine ist kein geeignetes Instrument. Eine Geschwindigkeitsbegrenzung sowie der Preisanstieg fuehren allerdings zu hohen Kosten fuer die Gesellschaft und sind daher ineffizient. Die Cordon-Maut auf den gesamten Strassenverkehr beziehungsweise eine Cordon-Maut auf den privaten Strassenverkehr koennen hingegen sogar zu Wohlfahrtssteigerungen fuehren. Sie sind damit effektiv und effizient. Damit zeigt sich, dass Staedte durchaus ehrgeizige Emissionsziele auch im Strassenverkehr umsetzen koennten. (A) ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH: The authors explore and evaluate different ways to achieve emission goals in urban transport by applying a spatial simulation approach for a metropolitan area. The considered policies are: a general speed limit in the City, a cordon toll, a cordon toll only on passenger travel, a cordon toll only on freight transport, a highway toll on passenger travel and a highway toll on freight transport. As a control scenario a raise in fuel prices on the market is examined. It is found that, except for highway tolls and a cordon toll on freight transport, all other policies as well as the increase in fuel prices are effective with respect to a strong emission goal. However, a toll only on freight transport is ineffective. The welfare analysis shows that both the speed limit and the fuel price increase are very costly for society. In contrast, a cordon toll on passenger travel and a general cordon toll even generate social net benefits. Hence, a cordon toll is an efficient and effective instrument for achieving emission goals on the urban level. (A)
Behavior Analysis of Concrete Structure under Blast Loading : (I) Experiment Procedures

In recent years, there have been numerous explosion-related accidents due to military and terrorist activities. Such incidents caused not only damages to structures but also human casualties, especially in urban areas. To protect structures and save human lives against explosion accidents, better understanding of the explosion effect on structures is needed. In an explosion, the blast overpressure is applied to concrete structures as an impulsive load of extremely short duration with very high pressure and heat. Generally, concrete is known to have a relatively high blast resistance compared to other construction materials. However, information and test results related to the blast experiment of internal and external have been limited due to military and national security reasons. Therefore, in this paper, to evaluate blast effect on reinforced have concrete structure and its protective performance, blast tests are carried out with reinforce concrete slab structure at the Agency for Defence Development. The standoff blast distance is 1.5 m and the preliminary tests consists with TNT 9 lbs and TNT 35 lbs and the main tests used ANFO 35 lbs. It is the first ever blast experiment for nonmilitary purposes domestically. In this paper, based on the basic experiment procedure and measurement details for acquiring structural behavior data, the blast experimental measurement system and procedure are established details. The procedure of blast experiments are based on the established measurement system which consists of sensor, signal conditioner, DAQ system, software. It can be used as basic research references for related research areas, which include protective design and effective behavior measurements of structure under blast loading.
Numerical modeling of a cervical spine discectomy

Cervical spine discectomy is a relatively common medical procedure which entails the surgical removal of a herniated intervertebral disc which is then replaced with an adequate prosthesis. Surgeons rely on their expertise to minimize the damage induced on the adjacent vertebrae and discs during this invasive procedure in order to reduce the patient's postsurgical distress. A typical cervical spine discectomy has been modelled and tested using the Finite Element Method (FEM) with the intention of contributing to better elucidate its immediate physical consequences on the vertebrae and intervertebral discs. Internal stresses, strains and damage levels can be obtained through the use of FE models, which can prove useful in improving surgical procedures or tailoring them to the need of particular patients. To this aim, a model of four cervical vertebrae with their corresponding discs has been built. Spinal ligaments, zygapophyseal joints and uncovertebral joints have also been included. The vertebrae have been modelled using a damage model whilst the intervertebral discs and ligaments have been treated as separate hyperelastic materials. Also, the nucleus and the annulus of the discs have been di erentiated. The problem has been solved following non-linear large deformation theory and considering prestress in the ligaments. The model's accuracy has been assessed through comparison of previously published results for di erent spinal movements (N. Kallemeyn et al., Med Eng Phys, 32(5):482-489 (2010)). Then, the model has been numerically tested for a load case representative of the discectomy procedure.
Introduction to Analogue Electronics

Preface * Acknowledgements * Notation and Abbreviationa * Diode characterization: low power applications * Rectification and power supplies * The Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT): d.c.-characterisation and biassing * BJT small-signal low-frequency amplifiers * Field Effect Transistors (FETs): d.c.-characterisation and biassing * JFET small-signal low-frequency amplifiers * Amplifier frequency response * Feedback * Operational amplifiers * The BJT and FET as switches * References * General references * Index.
DEVELOPMENTS IN THE RETAIL MARKET AND THEIR EFFECTS ON FREIGHT DISTRIBUTION --FREIGHT. PROCEEDINGS OF SEMINAR G, HELD AT THE PTRC SUMMER ANNUAL MEETING, BATH UNIV. ENGLAND 7-11 SEPTEMBER 1987, VOLUME P294

The author examines the changes from supplier-controlled distribution, and from own-account to contract distribution, assisted by systems; impacts on the use of road networks; evaluation of road improvements for industry. The paper describes the nature and reasons for the two major recent changes in physical distribution to retail outlets -the move from supplier-controlled to retailer-controlled distribution, and from own-account to contract distribution. A numerical illustration is given of the differing characteristics of supplier versus retail-controlled distribution. A brief summary of the sainsbury distribution network is described, emphasising its use of and dependence on the motorway and primary road network. The paper goes on to some characteristics of primary road network improvements, and the extent to which the average speeds and reliability of journey times of commercial vehicles can be improved. Finally, by reference to a worked illustration available from the author it is argued that conventional methods of cost benefit appraisal for road network improvement may not capture the 'business potential' released, specifically in regard to the restructuring of distribution networks. (a) for the covering abstract of the seminar see IRRD 816301.
Responsive public space - performative immersive setting in public environments.

Responsive Public Space (RPS) is a performative spatial environment integrating audio-visual composition responsive to the engagement of participants among themselves. In an interdisciplinary collaboration architects, artists, composers and computer vision specialists developed an environment in which participants can enter, move around, and through interaction with each other experience different fragments of a space-sensitive soundscape and its visual representation (sonification). A high-end tracking system allows multiple participants to be reliably tracked.
ON THE INFLUENCE OF INTERNAL SLIP BETWEEN COMPONENT LAYERS ON THE DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF UNBONDED FLEXIBLE PIPE

This paper investigates the influence of internal slipping between the component layers of an unbonded flexible pipe on its oscillatory response. Before the occurrence of slip, the unbonded flexible pipe is held together by the internal friction. This leads to a relatively high bending stiffness, and the pipe experiences mainly high bending stiffness, and the pipe experiences mainly viscous damping due to air friction and material properties. During and after slip, the bending stiffness if comparatively low, and the flexible pipe is subject to an additional friction mechanism, Coulomb damping. A hysteric bending moment - curvature relationship is finally expected. For simplification, the hysteric bending moment - curvature relationship is represented here by a bi-linear bending stiffness. The dynamic response of a free hanging unbonded flexible pipe in air is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. The unbonded flexible pipe is not subjected to internal pressure. Experiments on a full scale, 2 inch internal diameter, 10 m long, unbonded flexible pipe have been carried out. The pipe was excited by an initial transverse displacement at its free end. The agreement between theoretical and experimental results of small deflection curvature vibration confirms the effect of internal slippage suggested by the analytical model.
Total Area Networking: Atm, Ip, Frame Relay and Smds Explained

From the Publisher: A new edition brings this vital resource up to date with recent advancements in ATM. Total Area Networking (TAN) is the deployment of high-speed data communications to allow localized facilities to become as distributed as telephone networks. This completely updated edition provides a clear understanding of the latest technology and how to deploy it. Looking at the topic from the telecommunications viewpoint and calling on the principles developed for intelligent networks, this book explores ATM, Frame Relay, and SMDS with particular focus on their relation to each other.
Power Side-Channel DAC Implementations for Xilinx FPGAs

Power Side-Channel DAC Implementations for Xilinx FPGAs Daniel Chase Savory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, BYU Master of Science This thesis presents a novel power side-channel DAC (PS-DAC) which is constructed from user-controllable short circuits in FPGAs and which manipulate overall system power through dynamic power dissipation. Alternately, similar PS-DACs are created using shift-register primitives (SRL16E) which manipulate system power through switching logic, for means of comparison with short-circuit-based PS-DACs. PS-DACs are created of various sizes using both short-circuit-based and shift-register-based methods. These PS-DACs are characterized in terms of output linearity, monotonicity, and frequency distortion. Applications explored in this thesis which use PS-DAC technology include a Simple Power Analysis (SPA) side-channel transmitter, and a frequency watermarking application. These applications serve as proof-of-concept for PS-DAC use in sidechannel communication applications.
Experimental evaluation of corner turning vanes

Two types of turning vane airfoils (a controlled-diffusion shape and a circular arc shape) have been evaluated in the high-speed and fan-drive corners of a 0.1-scale model of NASA Lewis Research Center's proposed Altitude Wind Tunnel. The high-speed corner was evaluated with and without a simulated engine exhaust removal scoop. The fan-drive corner was evaluated with and without the high-speed corner. Flow surveys of pressure and flow angle were taken for both the corners and the vanes to determine their respective losses. The two-dimensional vane losses were low; however, the overall corner losses were higher because three-dimensional flow was generated by the complex geometry resulting from the turning vanes intersecting the end wall. The three-dimensional effects were especially pronounced in the outer region of the circular corner.
Youth Strength Training: Programs for Health, Fitness, and Sport

Chapter 1. Ready to Train Chapter 2. Programme Prescriptions Chapter 3. Exercise Technique and Training Procedures Chapter 4. Free Weights Chapter 5. Weight Machines Chapter 6. Medicine Balls and Elastic Cords Chapter 7. Body Weight and Plyometrics Chapter 8. General Preparation Chapter 9. Basic Strength and Power for Youth Ages 7-10 Chapter 10. Intermediate Strength and Power for Youth Ages 11-14 Chapter 11. Advanced Strength and Power for Youth Ages 15-18 Chapter 12. Sports Power and Strength for Young Athletes Chapter 13. Periodization and Recovery Chapter 14. Eating for Strength and Performance.
In-line chemical sensor based on C-type fiber and novel photonic crystal fibers with high sensitivity and fast dynamic response

We investigated various types of optical fiber sensor based on novel structure of photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) including Ge-doped ring defect PCF and Suspended ring core PCF. Furthermore, a new type of fiber named C-type fiber is utilized as a fiberized sensor unit in/outlet. This configuration enabled to package the entire sensor unit in fiber form as well as could overcome prior limitations in PCF-based optical sensors such as too small holes for efficient measurand entry and sophisticated fabrication processes. The experiment and simulation results proved that the designed sensor can improve both sensitivity and response time compare to conventional PCF based sensors.
Methods and Metrics for Human Control of Multi-Robot Teams

METHODS AND METRICS FOR HUMAN CONTROL OF MULTI-ROBOT TEAMS Jeffrey David Anderson Department of Mechanical Engineering Master of Science Human-controlled robots are utilized in many situations and such use is becoming widespread. This thesis details research that allows a single human to interact with a team of robots performing tasks that require cooperation. The research provides insight into effective interaction design methods and appropriate interface techniques. The use of team-level autonomy is shown to decrease human workload while simultaneously improving individual robot efficiency and robot-team cooperation. An indoor human-robot interaction testbed was developed at the BYU MAGICC Lab to facilitate experimentation. The testbed consists of eight robots equipped with wireless modems, a field on which the robots move, an overhead camera and image processing software which tracks robot position and heading, a simulator which allows development and testing without hardware utilization and a graphical user interface which enables human control of either simulated or hardware robots. The image processing system was essential for effective robot hardware operation and is described in detail. The system produced accurate robot position and heading information 30 times per second for a maximum of 12 robots, was relatively insensitive to lighting conditions and was easily reconfigurable. The completed testbed was utilized to create a game for testing human-robot interaction schemes. The game required a human controlling three robots to find and tag three robot opponents in a maze. Finding an opponent could be accomplished by individual robots, but tagging an opponent required cooperation between at least two robots. The game was played by 11 subjects in five different autonomy modes ranging from limited robot autonomy to advanced individual autonomy with basic team-level autonomy. Participants were interrupted during the game by a secondary spatial reasoning task which prevented them from interacting with the robots for short periods of time. Robot performance during that interruption provided a measure of both individual and team neglect tolerance. Individual robot neglect tolerance and performance did not directly correspond to those quantities at the team level. The interaction mode with the highest levels of individual and team autonomy was most effective; it minimized game time and human workload and maximized team neglect tolerance.
Ortho-Planar Mechanisms for Microelectromechanical Systems

ORTHO-PLANAR MECHANISMS FOR MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Craig P. Lusk Mechanical Engineering Doctor of Philosophy A method for representing the design space of ortho-planar mechanisms has been developed. The method is based on the Theorem of Equality of Orientation Set Measures (TEOSM) which allows mechanisms to be represented by points in an abstract space. The method is first developed for single loop planar folded mechanisms with revolute joints, and later extended to mechanisms with prismatic joints and to spherical folded mechanisms. Functions which assign a value to each point in design space can be used to describe classes of mechanisms and evaluate their utility for MEMS design. Additionally, this work introduces the use of spherical mechanisms in MEMS design. Spherical mechanisms have characteristics that may be useful in MEMS, including the capability of spatial positioning of a link and the ability to convert rotation about an axis perpendicular to the substrate to rotation about an axis parallel to the substrate. Spherical kinematics has been used to develop three novel mechanisms, the Micro HelicoKinematic Platform (MHKP), the Spherical Bistable Mechanism (SBM), and the Threedegree-of-freedom Platform (3DOFP). Mathematical models of these devices have been developed and MEMS prototypes have been designed and fabricated.
Effect of changes in food price on the quinoa consumption and rural food security in Peru

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of changes in prices on food consumption of rural producers in Junin (Peru) in order to verify if there are some differences in food security between farmers who produce quinoa and those who do not. For this purpose, surveys were applied to 277 producers and the data from the National Household Survey (2016) were used to assess the dimensions of food security. It was found that local food has lower elasticity values than foreign one, but the variability of local food prices is higher. In addition, 27.3% of the population does not satisfy the caloric requirements, and that the quinoa consumption is associated with its nutritional value and cultural factors. In Junin’s rural population a low nutritional value consumption is evident, and there are not significant differences in the daily food consumption between producers who farm the quinoa and those who do not. Therefore, food price increases would equally impact both producer groups.
ERP Systems in Croatian Enterprises

Successful implementation of the ERP system enables the management to integrate all business processes and functions, thus increasing the company's competitive advantage in today's turbulent market. Considering potential benefits of ERP system implementation, companies decide to invest significant financial resources and time to implement ERP system. However, there are still a number of projects of ERP system implementation that failed due to various critical success factors, which are quoted in the literature. Since the application of ERP systems is one of the key indicators highlighted by the European Commission under the Digital Agenda for Europe (EU 2020), which sets the European Union's (EU) growth targets by 2020, it is important to make the analysis of the status of the ERP system use in the Republic of Croatia. Given that critical factors of the successful ERP implementation are investigated to a lesser extent in the Republic of Croatia, the aim of this paper is to find out which companies in the Republic of Croatia consider the most important critical success factors, taking into account the specificities of business in relation to the developed countries, and possible differences in attitudes among large companies and medium and small businesses. For this purpose, an online questionnaire survey was carried out and a comparative analysis among large companies and medium and small enterprises was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test.
Multi-Phase Synchronization in Ring-Coupled MEMS Oscillators

The MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Sys- tems) oscillator has a high quality factor Q and it is en- abled to accumulate on the silicon wafer. Therefore the os- cillator works with low power and miniaturization of the device size is realized. So researches of micromechanical oscillators have been active in recent years. The MEMS oscillators can be coupled to each other, leading to poten- tial applications such as neurocomputers, filters, and means of clock distribution in microprocessors. In this pa- per, our purpose is to confirm that ring coupled MEMS os- cillators are synchronized with different phase relation- ships.