Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Iron-modified carbon paste electrodes and their application as sensors in As(V) detection

espanolLa deteccion electroquimica de arsenico(V) fue evaluada en un electrodo de pasta de carbon modificado con particulas de hidro(oxidos) de hierro en medio electrolitico de NaNO3. El polvo de grafito modificado se preparo facilmente utilizando el metodo “slurry”. El material resultante fue caracterizado mediante la determinacion de su distribucion de carga superficial y punto de carga cero, distribucion de pKa’s de los grupos funcionales superficiales, area superficial y distribucion de tamano del poro mediante la ecuacion de Brunauer- Emmett-Teller (BET) y la identificacion de las formas cristalinas de los compuestos de hidro(oxidos) de hierro por difraccion de rayos X. Adicionalmente, se encontro que el material modificado exhibio una buena capacidad de remocion de As(V), incluso en el medio electrolitico. Para la deteccion de As(V), se utilizo la tecnica de voltamperometria de pulso diferencial, para la cual se aplico un potencial de reduccion/acumulacion de -1.10 V(vs. Ag/AgCl/KCl (sat.) por 180 segundos a pH 2.5. La caracterizacion fisicoquimica de los materiales modificados y el analisis electroquimico, permitio proponer un mecanismo de reduccion de As(V) sobre la superficie del electrodo. El limite de deteccion (LOD) de As(V) alcanzado fue de 19.40 μg/L, por lo cual este electrodo podria ser potencialmente aplicado como sensor en la deteccion de este contaminante en muestras de agua EnglishThe electrochemical detection of arsenic (V) [As(V)] was evaluated on a carbon paste electrode modified with iron hydro(oxide) particles in the presence of NaNO3 salt used as electrolytic media in the experiments. The modified graphite powder was easily prepared using the slurry method. The resulting material was examined by surface charge and pKa’s distribution, point of zero charge, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area and pore size distribution, potentiometric titration and X-ray diffraction. Adsorption experiments with the modified materials exhibited good As(V) removal capacity even in the presence of electrolytic media. For the As(V) detection, differential pulse voltammetry technique was used by the application of reduction potential of -1.10 V for 180 s at pH 2.5. The detailed physicochemical characterization of modified materials and electrochemical analysis allowed to propose a reduction mechanism of As(V) on the electrode surface. Detection limit of 10 μg/L can be achieved for As(V), therefore this electrode could potentially be applied as a sensor for the detection of this pollutant in water samples
Hypoxia-induced increases in hypoxic tolerance augmented by beta-hydroxybutyrate in mice.

A standard murine model was used to determine whether acute pretreatment exposures to hypoxia could alter ultimate hypoxic survival time. Adult male albino mice (Mus musculus) weighing 25-30 g were subjected to three pretreatment hypoxic exposures (4.5% O2, balance N2) of increasing duration (90, 120, and 150 seconds) with 300 seconds of normoxia between each pretreatment exposure and before testing of hypoxic survival time. Acute pretreatment exposures to hypoxia significantly increased mean +/- SEM hypoxic survival time from 108 +/- 4 to 403 +/- 42 seconds. Mean +/- SEM blood glucose concentrations increased significantly from 201 +/- 19 to 397 +/- 10 mg/dl immediately after hypoxic pretreatment. A significant increase in mean +/- SEM blood ketone concentrations, from 0.15 +/- 0.01 to 0.40 +/- 0.08 mM, was detected in the blood 1,800 seconds but not 300 seconds after hypoxic pretreatment. However, pretreatment with exogenous glucose or ketones alone, to mimic the blood levels seen after hypoxic pretreat.
A new approach for the preparation of durable and reversible color changing polyester fabrics using thermochromic leuco dye-loaded silica nanocapsules

Durable, reversible color changing polyester fabrics were successfully fabricated via a new approach of dyeing with thermochromic leuco dye-loaded silica nanocapsules (TLD@SiO2). TLD@SiO2 was prepared via tetraethyl orthosilicate hydrolyzation and condensation on the surfaces of emulsified thermochromic leuco dye (TLD) nano-droplets by a sol–gel method. The TLD@SiO2 was about 20 nm in size, and its shell could provide protection for TLD. The color of TLD@SiO2 changed from dark blue (25 °C) to light blue (45 °C) and white (80 °C), reversibly. The thermochromic mechanism originated from the conjugation structure conversion of the crystal violet lactone which was confirmed by density functional theory calculations. The shell materials (Si–O–Si) of TLD@SiO2 could be hydrated in water with temperature increase and produced hydrophilic hydroxyl groups for further treating polyester fabrics. These resulting polyester fabrics exhibited excellent thermochromic performance with a color transition temperature of 45 °C. Their color reversibly changed from dark blue (K/S = 12) to light blue (K/S = 2) at 610 nm for more than 50 times. Meanwhile, thermochromic polyester fabrics dyed at 130 °C displayed good color fastness. The washing, dry rubbing and wet rubbing fastness of the thermochromic polyester fabrics all reached above 4 grades, and the thermochromic polyester fabrics showed good solvent resistance.
A Cross Sectional Survey to Determine the Prevalence and Associated Factors of Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus among Urban Sikh Adults in Delhi

Using quantitative approach, a cross sectional survey was conducted at Rakab Ganj Sahib Gurudwara, New Delhi to assess the prevalence of DM & HTN among Urban Sikh adults in Delhi. The health check-ups were conducted for 500 Sikh adults. Thirty eight percentage of the participants were found to have hypertension and 54 % had Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Obesity was prevalent among 48.8% of the participants. The study recommends that measures should be taken to prevent these prevailing conditions among this particular group of community.
A physics perspective on lidar data assimilation for mobile robots

Abstract This paper presents a new algorithm for lidar data assimilation relying on a new forward model. Current mapping algorithms suffer from multiple shortcomings, which can be related to the lack of clear forward model. In order to address these issues, we provide a mathematical framework where we show how the use of coarse model parameters results in a new data assimilation problem. Understanding this new problem proves essential to derive sound inference algorithms. We introduce a model parameter specifically tailored for lidar data assimilation, which closely relates to the local mean free path. Using this new model parameter, we derive its associated forward model and we provide the resulting mapping algorithm. We further discuss how our proposed algorithm relates to usual occupancy grid mapping. Finally, we present an example with real lidar measurements.
Effect of traditional dehydration processing of pepper jalapeno rayado (Capsicum annuum) on secondary metabolites with antioxidant activity

ABSTRACT Jalapeno rayado peppers (Capsicum annuum) are usually subjected to a traditional smoke-dehydration process using Quercus sp. This treatment provides peppers with their characteristic functional attributes. To differentiate the production of antioxidant metabolites during the dehydration-smoking process, this process was compared with convective dehydration, both at 60°C. A higher antioxidant activity in smoke-dried pepper was observed due to the increase in concentration of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and Maillard products in the last hours of the process and was related to the presence of radicals with m/z (-) values: 585.32, 292.2, 326.18, 653.28, 240.11 and 210.14, generated during both dehydration processes. The change in colour was mainly due to the increase of Maillard compounds. Convective dehydration favoured the extraction of capsaicinoids, whereas no significant change was observed in smoke-dehydration, and carotenoid degradation was 40% with either process. A similar final moisture content was achieved in both processes.
Transition-State Analog Affinity Purification of Proteases

s Detection of tetrahydrocannabinol in blood and serum using a fluorescent derivative and thin-layer chromatography. Anal. Chern. ~(1), 163. Arun H. Patel and Richard M. Schultz (1982) Transition-state affinity purification of proteases; the preparation of an argininal affinity resin for the selective binding of trypsin-like proteases. Biochem. Biophy. Res. Comrn. ~(1), 181 Arun H.Patel, Ahmed Ahsan, B. Suthar and R.M. Schultz (1983) Transition-state affinity chromatography of trypsin-like proteinases with dipeptidyl argininal ligands. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. ~' 321-330. Richard M. Schultz, Arun H. Patel, Ahmad Ahsan (1983) Covalent transition-state affinity chromatography of Trypsin-like proteinases. Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Affinity Chromatography and Biological recognition, New York. Academic Press Inc., 475. J.A. Vinson and A.H. Patel (1984) Detection and quantitation of tetrahydrocannabinol in serum using thin-layer chromatography and fluorometry. J. Chromat. 3Q1, 493-499. Vinson, J.A. , Patel, A.H. Feb. 1976 Determination and quantitation of tetrahydrocannabinol in blood using fluorometry. Annual meeting of Academy of Forensic Sciences, Washington D.C. Vinson, J.A. and Patel, A.H. Spring 1976 Quantitation of riboflavin in milk by column chromatography and fluorescence. The Annual Meeting of The American Chemical Society, New York. Richard M. Schultz and Arun H. Patel June 1982 Transition-state affinity purification of proteases; The preparation and binding properties of dipeptidyl argininal affinity resins for the purification of proteases.
Miten monikielisyys ja kielitietoiset toimintatavat koetaan varhaiskasvatuksessa

Supporting multilingualism is emphasized in the current curricula of early childhood education in Finland. This article reports an analysis of the educators’ experiences of multilingualism and language aware practices. The data consists of a questionnaire addressed to the personnel (n = 86) working in a multilingual child groups, and it was analyzed using data-driven content analysis. The article focuses on the challenges and joys that the multilingual environment has brought to the educators, as well as on the findings that the perceived challenges and joys reveal about the shifts in the notions of multilingualism and language learning. The results
Formation of SnS2/Ni2S3 heterojunction on three-dimensional nickelframework for treating chromium(VI)-containing wastewater

Heterojunction system, as a considerable method, has been proved a good solution to improve photocatalysis. Herein, a novel SnS2/Ni3S2 heterojunction deposited on Ni foam (NF) (SnS2/Ni3S2@NF) has been successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method. The photocatalytic activity has been improved due to the special heterostructure. Scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, Raman, UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and photocatalytic test were employed to prove it. The SEM pictures showed that the surface of NF deposited a certain amount of SnS2/Ni3S2. And SnS2/Ni3S2@NF heterojunction photocatalyst exhibits an excellent catalytic ability in the visible light region. Compared to pristine SnS2, the as-prepared SnS2/Ni3S2@NF heterojunction showed increased photocatalytic activity toward Cr(VI) photoreduction under visible light irradiation. This work will be useful for the design of other photocatalyst for application in Cr(VI) removal.
La conducta lingüística en la interacción verbal

En este trabajo presentaremos los resultados de un estudio acerca de los factores que inciden en el momento en que los hablantes seleccionan las estrategias que les permitirán contribuir a la interacción. Frecuentemente se ha hecho referencia a aspectos contextuales como responsables de estas selecciones, pero ciertas características socioculturales del entorno que han sido extensamente descriptas en la bibliografía sobre el tema parecen haber sido ignoradas por algunos analistas. La exposición se centrará especialmente en la noción de “comunidad de práctica” desarrollada por diversos investigadores y se presentarán algunas reflexiones acerca de este concepto y su aplicación al análisis de interacciones verbales. Ejemplos tomados del corpus del proyecto en desarrollo darán sustento empírico al estudio realizado.
Chromatography a Century of Discovery

is a documentary of seminal events, developments, discovery, and history of chromatography in the 20th century. Its central theme is the impact of chromatography as a branch of science on different facets of science - analytical chemistry, instrumentation, biomedical, environmental, pharmaceutical, and space sciences etc.: This submission is a preprint of the chapters that complement the material contained within a book of the same title published by Elsevier Science (ISBN 0-444-50114-2). The printed volume has Chapters 1 to 7; the chapters S-7 to S-15 and appendices are found in this submission on the CPS. Please download the main full-text PDF to obtain a comprehensive table of contents and preface to the book. The chapters may be downloaded from the supplementary files section.
Effects of Molybdenum to the Hydrogen Storage and Electrochemical Properties of Superlattice Metal Hydride Alloy

Kwo-Hsiung Young1,2*, Xinting Lin3, Chuanpeng Jiang4 and Shigekasu Yasuoka5 1Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA 2BASF/Battery Materials-Ovonic, 2983 Waterview Drive, Rochester Hills, MI 48309, USA 3Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA 4Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA 5Engineering Division, Ni-MH Group, FDK Corporation, 307-2, Koyagi-Machi, Takasaki, Gunma 370-0042, Japan www.verizonaonlinepublishing. com
The influence of silver birch vegetation on the metal availability in mining affected substrate and mycorrhiza-supported tree metal tolerance: an attempt of a holistic view on the system substrate-fungi-tree

The work aimed the experimental study of the metal bioavailability in soil and soil solution under the influence of birch vegetation in a mesoscale pot experiment. The substrate used therein originated from a mining affected site that was mainly contaminated with Al and Cu and vast free of vegetation, despite stands of silver birch (Betula pendula). Natural birch saplings from this site, adapted to harsh abiotical conditions, were transplanted to the pots and grown therein for two growing seasons, opposed to an unplanted control. The pots were specifically equipped for the highly time and depth resolved monitoring of physico-chemistry and metal concentrations in soil solution. The experiment was designed as closed system, which allowed the complete quantification of inputs and outputs. The substrate solution monitoring revealed a pH-buffering effect of the birch roots. This increase of the rhizosphere pH was attributed to the release of dissociated organic acids into the root apoplast and their subsequent protonation, in order to attenuate harmful effects of increased acidification like Al-rhizotoxicity. The root induced pH-buffering resulted in a decrease of the Al and Cu concentrations in the substrate solution. Additionally the accumulation in the tree root biomass was assumed as a further potential sink for their availability in solution. The total mass balances of the metals in the substrate were not shifted, which indicated a lacking extraction by the birch vegetation. Mycorrhizal fungi associated to the tree roots were shown to accumulate high amounts of Al in their hyphae and had therefore a filter-like function for that metal, as revealed by micro-PIXE analysis. In contrast Cu was incorporated in the roots and not accumulated in the fungal biomass. Due to the substrate contamination the diversity of mycorrhizal fungi was restricted to merely three dominant species.
Theoretical study of the oxidation reactions of sulfurous acid/sulfite with ozone to produce sulfuric acid/sulfate with atmospheric implications

Herein, theoretical studies were performed on the atmospheric oxidation of sulfurous acid (H2SO3) and sulfite ions (HSO3−) by ozone (O3) to produce sulfuric acid and hydrosulfate ions. The most favorable path for the H2SO3 + O3 reaction has been found to be initiated from concerted H-abstraction and oxygen addition, with an overall energy barrier of 18.3 kcal mol−1. On the other hand, the most favorable path for the HSO3− + O3 reaction is initiated from oxygen addition, with an overall energy barrier of only 0.3 kcal mol−1. Kinetic simulations were performed to estimate the significance of these reactions in the formation of atmospheric sulfate and destruction of the ozone layer. The results provide new insight into the missing source of atmospheric sulfate and particulate matter.
Rate and Selectivity Control in Thioether and Alkene Oxidation with H2O2 over Phosphonate‐Modified Niobium(V)–Silica Catalysts

Supported metal oxide catalysts are versatile materials for liquid‐phase oxidations, including alkene epoxidation and thioether sulfoxidation with H2O2. Periodic trends in H2O2 activation was recently demonstrated for alkene epoxidation, highlighting Nb‐SiO2 as a more active and selective catalyst than Ti‐SiO2. Three representative catalysts are studied consisting of NbV, TiIV, and ZrIV on silica, each made through a molecular precursor approach that yields highly dispersed oxide sites, for thioanisole oxidation by H2O2. Initial rates trend Nb>Ti≫Zr, as for epoxidation, and Nb outperforms Ti for a number of other thioethers. In contrast, selectivity to sulfoxide vs. sulfone trends Ti>Nb≫Zr at all conversions. Modifying the Nb‐SiO2 catalyst with phenylphosphonic acid does not completely remove sulfoxidation reactivity, as it did for photooxidation and epoxidation, and results in an unusual material active for sulfoxidation but neither epoxidation nor overoxidation to the sulfone.
Media Freedom and the Escalation of State Violence

When governments face severe political violence, they regularly respond with violence. Yet not all governments escalate repression under such circumstances. We argue that to understand the escalation of state violence, we need to pay attention to the potential costs leaders might face in doing so. We expect that the decision to escalate state violence is conditional on being faced with heightened threats and on possessing an information advantage that mitigates the expected cost of increasing state violence. In an environment where media freedom is constrained, leaders can deny or reframe an escalation of violations and so expect to reduce potential domestic and international costs attached to that decision. Using a global dataset from 1981 to 2006, we show that state violence is likely to escalate in response to increasing violent threats to the state when media freedom is curtailed – but not when the media are free from state intervention. A media environment that the government knows is free to sound the alarm is associated with higher political costs of repression and effectively reduces the risk of escalating state violence, even in the face of mounting armed threats.
The study of neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of magnesium sulfate in rats following cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury

Background and objective: Magnesium sulfate has neuroprotective effects and decrease overall neuronal firing. It is also decrease firing of excitable tissues outside the brain. It is not known whether this neuroprotective effect is due to antioxidant effect, anti-inflammatory or other mechanism. In this research we study the anti-inflammatory effect of magnesium sulfate in rat brain following ischemia reperfusion stress.Material and methods: Twenty four rats were grouped into 4 groups: The first (sham group), the second (control) and the third group(control-vehicle) and the forth (treated with Magnesium sulfate). Animals in the second group underwent bilateral common carotid artery ligation without treatment, whereas the forth group were injected with magnesium sulfate 250mg/kg intraperitoneally before procedure. Blood samples were taken after the procedure for measurement of serum level of IL-9, MCP-1 and ICAM.Results: Serum level of IL-9 in control group was 163.3 ± 30.4 pg/mL and it significantly decreased in magnesium sulfate treated group (21.8 ± 1.72 pg/mL). serum level of MCP-1 in the control group was 109.05 ± 18.2 pg/mL while it significantly reduced in magnesium sulfate treated group (38.16 ± 3.54 pg/mL). mean serum levels of ICAM of control was 362.8 ± 26.81 pg/mL while mean serum level of ICAM in treated group was 35.5 ± 4.71 pg/mL.Conclusion: magnesium sulfate significantly decreases the inflammatory markers IL-9, MCP-1 and ICAM in global ischemia model in rats.
[Prospective follow-up of a HIV infected population with and without access to antiretroviral therapy: impact of survival and complications].

BACKGROUND Three-drug antiretroviral therapy (ART-3) has reduced complications and improved survival in HIV+ patients. The Chilean Public Health System began dual therapy (ART-2) in 1997, covering approximately 40% of patients in need. AIM To report the results of a follow-up of patients with and without access to ART in a Chilean public hospital. PATIENT AND METHODS Prospective follow-up of patients with ART-2 and 3 (cases) and patients with no access to ART (controls). All patients needed ART but it was available to a minority of them. Selection for ART was at random. Follow-up was between 6-24 months (11/96 to 3/99). Basal and periodic clinical and laboratory parameters were determined. Mortality and occurrence of new AIDS-defining events (ADE) were compared statistically using chi square. RESULTS One hundred and fifty cases (106 ART2, 28 ART3 and 16 ART2 expanded to ART3) and 166 controls were studied. Basal parameters were similar except prior ART (32.7 and 18.7% in cases and controls respectively). Close to 1/3 patients had AIDS. Cases had a mean follow up of 527 days; controls, 478. Six cases (4%) (5 in ART-2) and 17 controls (10%) died. Mortality x 100/pts/yr was 2.7 in cases and 7.7 in controls, p < 0.05. ADE per 100/pts/yr was 21 in cases (24.4 in ART2, 15.1 in TAR3) and 54.5 in controls, p < 0.05. Cases had a reduction of: esophageal candidiasis (84%), tuberculosis (75%), cryptococcosis and toxoplasmosis (66%), P carinii pneumonia (55%) and bacterial pneumonia (46%) and they had fewer hospitalizations (73%). Late assessment: 70 of 101 ART-2 patients had changed to ART-3 (1 death); 22 of 101 kept original ART-2 (12 dead, 10 alive), 39 of 43 ART-3 patients were alive and 1 died. CONCLUSIONS Short-term ART-2 and 3 significantly reduced mortality (60% and 73%) ADE (65% and 76% respectively) and hospitalizations. Benefits of ART-2 were short lived. Resource-constrained countries cannot depend on weaker than standard ART for proper care of people with HIV disease.
The Influence of Atmospheric Rivers on Cold‐Season Precipitation in the Upper Great Lakes Region

This study aims to identify the impacts of atmospheric rivers (AR) associated with cold‐season precipitation in the Upper Great Lakes region of the United States. A MERRA‐2‐derived AR dataset is combined with data from a suite of instruments hosted by the National Weather Service in Marquette, Michigan, including a profiling radar and a video disdrometer. ARs coincide with deep, synoptically‐forced precipitation 28% of the time during the cold season. These ARs are found to intrude from the southwest and are associated with warmer surface and upper‐level temperatures, increased radar reflectivity values, and enhanced precipitation rates. Warmer atmospheric temperatures aloft associated with ARs lead to a fourfold increase in the likelihood that cold‐season precipitation will be rain instead of snow. Additionally, inland ARs in the Upper Great Lakes region are correlated with the negative phases of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the Pacific‐North American pattern.