Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Micro‐to‐macro interactions in complex bodies: Wavelet‐based post‐processing detection

We propose to couple finite element simulations and wavelet‐based post‐processing analysis to explore deeply the interaction degree of microscopic events on the gross behavior of complex bodies (which class includes metamaterials), above all around material or load discontinuities. After summarizing the theoretical structures our procedure refers to, as a sample case we select a special class of complex materials, namely, quasicrystals, and show how the proposed scheme works. As a result, we point out the effects of atomic rearrangements characterizing the quasicrystal structure on the stress field around a crack tip in static and dynamical setting. Our procedure can be also used for the analysis of dynamic experimental data. In this case, it allows us to detect discontinuities at least along directions selected within the body. In turn, our procedure can be used for monitoring purposes.
Evaluation of Antioxidant Activities From Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Curry Leaf Using DPPH Method

Abstract : Curry Plant ( Murraya koenigii (Linn.) Spreng) is one of the plants that thrive in Indonesia. Curry contain secondary metabolites of alkaloids and flavonoids that have the potential as antioxidants. Antioxidants can reduce the activity of free radicals that can cause degenerative diseases such as cancer, coronary heart disease and premature ageing of body cells by donating the protons to free radical compounds. The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity and identify the active compound class of ethyl acetate fraction from curry leaves. Separation of secondary metabolites of ethyl acetate extracts was carried out by column chromatography method which obtained 5 different groups of fractions. The antioxidant activity of fraction A, B, C, D, and E was tested using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method with variations concentrations of 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 ppm and ascorbic acid was used as a comparison which measured at a wavelength of 517 nm. The results showed that fraction A and E have weak antioxidant activities, while fraction B, C, and D showed moderate antioxidant activities. The highest antioxidant activity was found in fraction B with an IC 50 value of 341.38 ppm where the fraction showed the presence of secondary metabolites of alkaloids and terpenoids. Abstrak: Tanaman kari ( ( Murraya koenigii (Linn.) Spreng) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang tersebar di Indonesia. Kari mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder alkaloid dan flavonoid yang memiliki potensi sebagai antioksidan. Antioksidan dapat mengurangi aktivitas radikal bebas yang dapat menyebabkan penyakit degeneratif seperti kanker, penyakit jantung coroner dan penuaan sel dengan cara menyumbangkan proton pada senyawa radikal bebas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan aktivitas antioksidan dan mengidentifikasi kelas senyawa aktif fraksi etil asetat dari daun kari. Pemisahan metabolit sekunder dari ekstrak etil asetat dilakukan menggunakan metode kromatografi kolom dengan menghasilkan 5 fraksi yang berbeda. Aktivitas antioksidan dari fraksi A, B, C, D, dan E dilakukan menggunakan metode DPPH (1,1-diphenil-2-pikrilhydrazil) dengan variasi konsentrasi 25, 50, 100, 200, dan 400 ppm dan asam askorbat digunakan sebagai perbandingan yang diukur pada panjang gelombang 517 nm. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa fraksi A dan E memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang lemah, sedangkan fraksi B, C, dan D menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan sedang. Aktivitas antioksidan yang paling tinggi ditemukan pada fraksi B dengan IC 50 341,38 ppm. Fraksi tersebut menunjukkan adanya kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder alkaloid dan terpenoid.
Synthesis of the Azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane Ring Core of Ficellomycin

Ficellomycin, produced by Streptomyces ficellus, is a naturally occurring secondary metabolite that exhibits antibacterial activity against multidrug resistant Gram-positive bacteria in vitro , but shows poor efficacy in vivo due to the instability of its azabicyclo[3.1. 0]hexane ring core. The effectiveness of ficellomycin against Gram-positive bacteria regardless of resistant strain indicates the possibility of a unique mechanism of action due to the azabicyclo[3.1. 0]hexane ring core, compared to currently available antibiotics. To improve ficellomycin’s stability and antibacterial activity, a simplified derivative of the azabicylco[3.1. 0] ring core was synthesized in a scheme modeled after Shipman et al. by a convergent synthetic pathway characterized by a Lewis Acid promoted double cyclization. Beginning with glyoxylic acid monohydrate undergoing a dehydration and subsequent esterification reaction with benzyl carbamate, methyl 2-(((benzyloxy)carbonyl)amino)-2-methoxyacetate was produced in an 80% overall yield. The methoxyacetate was chlorinated and phosphorylated in a one-pot reaction to produce methyl 2-(((benzyloxy)carbonyl)amino)-2-(dimethoxyphosphoryl)acetate in an average overall yield of 56%. The phosphorylacetate was reacted with pent-4-enal in a basic environment to produce methyl (E)-2-(((benzyloxy)carbonyl)amino)hepta-2,6-dienoate in an average yield of 46%. Epoxidation of the dienoate averaged a 53% yield and subsequent azide addition completed at a 30% yield to afford methyl (E)-7-azido-2-(((benzyloxy)carbonyl)amino)-6-hydroxyhept-2-enoate. The final azide alcohol was reacted with triphenylphosphine in toluene to produce the aziridine and further promote the aziridine to cyclize the alkene chain creating the azabicycle in a single reaction. NMR analysis shows characteristic peaks of the azabicycle product in an impure solution of stereoisomers and reactant contaminants. Purification techniques are being developed. Cyclization trials and synthesis of ficellomycin amino acid derivatives are on going.
Pre‐Thrusting Stratigraphic Control on the Transition From a Thin‐Skinned to Thick‐Skinned Structural Style: An Example From the Double‐Decker Idaho‐Montana Fold‐Thrust Belt

Continental fold‐thrust belts display a variety of structural styles, ranging from thin‐skinned thrusts following weak lithologic contacts to thick‐skinned thrusts that deform mechanical basement. The common practice of splitting fold‐thrust belts into thin‐skinned and thick‐skinned map domains has not yielded a predictive model of the primary controls on structural style. Within the Mesozoic‐Paleogene Idaho‐Montana fold‐thrust belt (44°N‐45°N, 112°W‐114°W), we identify crosscutting thin‐skinned and thick‐skinned thrusts within an otherwise thin‐skinned map domain. This transition occurs within a thin (∼2.5 km) portion of the western Laurentian passive margin, where lower strata pinch out over a prominent basement high (Lemhi arch). Early fold‐thrust belt shortening of sedimentary cover rocks was accommodated through detachment folding, followed by east‐directed, thin‐skinned thrusting along regional‐scale faults (Thompson Gulch and Railroad Canyon thrusts). Later, basement and cover rocks were tilted toward the southeast and a basement‐involved normal fault was reactivated during thick‐skinned thrusting (Radio Tower‐Baby Joe Gulch‐Italian Gulch thrusts), which accommodated shortening at an oblique angle to and truncated the basal detachment of the older thin‐skinned thrusts. This progression from thin‐skinned to thick‐skinned thrusting occurred >50 km from the foreland, coincident with a regional basement high. Thus, the Idaho‐Montana fold‐thrust belt is a double‐decker system, with upper thin‐skinned and lower thick‐skinned domains. This double‐decker model is applicable to other fold‐thrust belts and predicts that the transition from thin‐skinned to thick‐skinned thrusting occurs where the growing critically tapered wedge can no longer fit within the sedimentary cover rocks and the basal detachment steps down into the structurally lower mechanical basement.
Effects of caffeine ingestion on psychomotor state and oxidative stress markers after an 8-km run competition in sleep-deprived recreational runners

ABSTRACT The current study aimed to investigate the effects of caffeine intake on psychomotor state and oxidative stress markers after an endurance race following 26 hours of sleep deprivation. Ten recreational runners performed four test sessions in a randomized order at 09:00 h after placebo or 5 mg/kg of caffeine ingestion during a reference night (RN) (bedtime: from 22:30 h to 07:00 h) or a night of total sleep deprivation (TSD). At each session, they performed an 8-km running competition around a 400 m outdoor athletic track. Before and after the race, blood samples were taken and psychomotor tests were performed. Concentrations of oxidative stress markers (e.g. glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) were quantified and ratings of psychomotor state (e.g. feelings of good-being (FG), stress (FS), and fatigue (FF)) were measured. In comparison with RN, FF increased while GPX, SOD, and FG decreased after the TSD condition. As compared to placebo, caffeine ingestion decreased FS by 12.5% following RN, reduced FF by 16.7%, raised FG by 25%, and did not affect levels of oxidative stress markers following TSD. Therefore, caffeine is an effective strategy to mitigate psychomotor adverse effects induced by TSD without being pro-oxidant during endurance running competition.
Cervical Cancer in a Tertiary Hospital in South-South, Nigeria: A 5-Year Review

Background: Cervical cancer is the most common gynaecological cancer in developing countries. The World Health Organisation estimated that there were about 570,000 new cases of cancer of the cervix in 2018 and about 311,000 women died of the disease. Objective: To determine the prevalence and characteristics of patients with cervical cancer at the Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive study which involved all the patients with histologically confirmed cervical cancer managed at the gynaecological unit of the hospital from 1st January, 2016 to 31st December, 2020. Information was extracted from the gynaecological records and entered into a predesigned proforma. All available data were retrospectively analysed with SPSS version 23.0, and results were presented in tables and frequencies. Results: There were 31 cases of cervical cancers out of the 2,478 gynaecological cases seen. The prevalence of cervical cancer was 1.25%. About one-third of the women were in the sixth Original Research Article Allagoa et al.; JCTI, 11(2): 28-36, 2021; Article no.JCTI. 68054 29 decade of life (32.3%). About half of the women were diagnosed at Stage 2 of the disease (51.6%) and squamous cell carcinoma accounted for 80.6% of the cancers. Radiotherapy was the most used treatment option (64.5%). About one-quarter died (25.8%). Conclusion: Most of the patients in this study presented in the advanced stages of the disease, with death of about one-quarter of them. Prevention and early presentation to the hospital are key in the prevention of poor quality of life and deaths. All hands must be on deck to tackle this disease.
Effects of Tissue-engineered Bone by Coculture of Adipose-derived Stem Cells and Vascular Endothelial Cells on Host Immune Status

Aim The study aimed to explore the effects of tissue-engineered bone constructed with partially deproteinized biologic bone (PDPBB) and coculture of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and vascular endothelial cells (VECs) on host immune status, providing a very useful clue for the future development of bone engineering. Methods Tissue-engineered bones constructed by PDPBB and ADSCs, VECs or coculture of them were implanted into the muscle bag of bilateral femurs of Sprague-Dawley rats. Partially deproteinized biologic bone alone and blank control were also implanted. After transplantation, the proliferation of implanted seed cells in tissue-engineered bones was labeled by bromodeoxyuridine staining. Moreover, the changes of T-lymphocyte subpopulations, including CD3 + CD4+ and CD3 + CD8+ in peripheral blood were then detected using flow cytometry to analyze the immune rejection of tissue-engineered bone implantation based on peripheral blood CD4/CD8 ratios. Results After transplantation, the proliferation of implanted seed cells was observed in tissue-engineered bones of different groups. At different time points after transplantation, the CD4+/CD8+ ratio in peripheral blood of PDPBB + ADSCs, PDPBB + coculture, and blank control groups did not exhibit significant change. Although the CD4+/CD8+ ratio in peripheral blood of PDPBB + VECs group was significantly higher than other group at 1 week after transplantation, that of PDPBB + VECs and PDPBB + coculture group was significantly decreased at 8 week after transplantation compared with that of blank control group. Conclusions Our results indicated that there was no significant immune rejection after transplantation of tissue-engineered bone constructed with PDPBB and coculture of ADSCs and VECs as seed cells.
Broad Coverage Precoder Design for Synchronization in Satellite Massive MIMO Systems

In this paper, we investigate the massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) transmission for the satellite communication systems equipped with a uniform rectangular array (URA) and aim to design the precoder with broad coverage radiation power pattern to improve the performance of time and frequency synchronizations. The modified Cramér-Rao vector bounds (MCRVB) are chosen as the benchmark of symbol timing offset and frequency offset estimation problem, which can be viewed as the time and frequency synchronization performance metric for the broad coverage precoder design. By considering the minimax MCRVB criterion and the per-antenna equal power constraint, the precoder design approach is formulated as the non-convex constrained minimax problem over the discrete radiation power pattern. This optimization problem is solved by the smoothing techniques combined with the manifold optimization method. To reduce the calculation complexity, the nonmonotone conjugate gradient method is applied. Simulation results show that the average and the minimum received powers in the coverage area of the proposed scheme are higher than those of the scheme based on fairness criterion. Compared with the existing omnidirectional and broad coverage schemes, the proposed scheme has the best synchronization performance among all the contrast solutions.
An eighth-mode SIW antenna for Low-Power Wide-Area Network applications

A wearable textile antenna based on the fundamental mode of an eighth-mode substrate-integrated waveguide cavity is presented for Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) applications. The antenna operates in the UHF frequency band, at 867 MHz, and exhibits compact size, minimal manufacturing complexity and very low production cost. High isolation from the human body is observed, and a planar size reduction by more than 50% is achieved compared to similar SIW antennas in the literature. The proposed wearable antenna has been designed using CST Microwave Studio, then manufactured and tested, showing very good agreement with predicted performance.
The Effect of Short-Term Mindfulness Training on the Emotional State of College Students with Different Levels of Mindfulness: Evidence from Neurophysiological Signals

Objectives: The objective of this study was to explore the effects of short-term mindfulness training on the emotional state of individuals with different levels of mindfulness, especially from the perspective of autonomic neurophysiological mechanism. Methods: 52 college students were divided into higher or lower dispositional mindfulness groups. Then they underwent the measurement periods of baseline, short-term mindfulness training and recovery. During these periods, wrist-worn wearable devices were used for recording their autonomic nervous system activities, including heart rate (HR), galvanic skin response (GSR) and pulse rate variability (PRV). The Positive and Negative affect Scale (PANAS) and the State Anxiety Inventory (S-AI) were used before and after the experiment. Results: The results showed that in both groups, instead of positive emotion, negative emotions and state anxiety reduced significantly after the training. In terms of physiological signals, in lower-dispositional group, the HR of the recovery period were significantly lower than that of the other two periods, and the PRV of the recovery period were significantly higher. In higher-dispositional group, the GSR of recovery period was significantly higher than that of the other two periods. Conclusions: The results suggest that short-term mindfulness training works mainly by reducing negative emotions rather than increasing positive ones. Our findings also provide neurophysiological evidence for a better emotional intervention effect of short-term mindfulness training on individuals with lower dispositional mindfulness.
Breeding Ecology of the Graceful Prinia (Prinia gracilis) at Akiad Pond, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt.

The fundamental breeding ecology of about 67% bird species is poorly understood despite being the building block in bird’s life history (Xiao et al., 2017). Regarding Passeriformes, less than 7% of the researches conducted on passerines include breeding information (Pienaar et al., 2013). ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: Received: May 20, 2021 Accepted: June 3, 2021 Online: June 7, 2021 _______________
Position Control for Soft Actuators, Next Steps toward Inherently Safe Interaction

Soft robots present an avenue toward unprecedented societal acceptance, utility in populated environments, and direct interaction with humans. However, the compliance that makes them attractive also makes soft robots difficult to control. We present two low-cost approaches to control the motion of soft actuators in applications common in human-interaction tasks. First, we present a passive impedance approach, which employs restriction to pneumatic channels to regulate the inflation/deflation rate of a pneumatic actuator and eliminate the overshoot/oscillation seen in many underdamped silicone-based soft actuators. Second, we present a visual servoing feedback control approach. We present an elastomeric pneumatic finger as an example system on which both methods are evaluated and compared to an uncontrolled underdamped actuator. We perturb the actuator and demonstrate its ability to increase distal curvature around the obstacle and maintain the desired end position. In this approach, we use the continuum deformation characteristic of soft actuators as an advantage for control rather than a problem to be minimized. With their low cost and complexity, these techniques present great opportunity for soft robots to improve human–robot interaction.
The Combined Effects of Multiple Invasive Species on the Persistence of Experimental Populations of Imperiled Pahrump Poolfish

Many ecosystems have been invaded by more than one non-native species, but research evaluating the combined effects of multiple invasive species has been limited. In the southwest USA, many aquatic systems have been invaded by multiple species such as non-native crayfish and non-native fishes. We used experimental mesocosms to test individual and combined effects of invasive Red Swamp Crayfish, Procambarus clarkii , and Western Mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis , on endangered Pahrump Poolfish, Empetrichthys latos. We found that crayfish alone reduced adult poolfish survival, however crayfish did not limit production of poolfish juveniles. By contrast, mosquitofish had no effect on survival of poolfish adults, but significantly reduced recruitment of juveniles. When both crayfish and mosquitofish were present, both adult survival and juvenile production were significantly decreased. These findings were consistent with the recent decline of a wild poolfish population from over 10,000 fish to less than 1,000 poolfish following the establishment of crayfish and mosquitofish. This study demonstrates that conservation management of the Pahrump Poolfish must have active management and removal of invasive species, otherwise extirpation and eventually extinction will likely occur and provides an example for the compounding effects of multiple invasive species for other study systems.
Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase to alanine aminotransferase ratio predict the vascular invasion and outcome in hepatitis B virus related hepatocellular carcinoma

Zhifeng Zhao Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine A liated Ninth People's Hospital Jiayun Lin Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine A liated Ninth People's Hospital Xiaochun Ni Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine A liated Ninth People's Hospital Hongjie Li Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine A liated Ninth People's Hospital Lei Zheng Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine A liated Ninth People's Hospital Chihao Zhang Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine A liated Ninth People's Hospital Xiaoliang Qi Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine A liated Ninth People's Hospital Haizhong Huo Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine A liated Ninth People's Hospital Xiaolou Lou Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine A liated Ninth People's Hospital Qiang Fan Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine A liated Ninth People's Hospital Yongyang Bao Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine A liated Ninth People's Hospital Meng Luo (  luosh9hospital@sina.com ) Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine A liated Ninth People's Hospital https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3975-7476
Nonsynonymous variations of ion channel-related genes as risk factors in epilepsy

Recurrent seizures are characteristic to epilepsy, which often arise due to increased electrical activity. Ligand-gated ion channels are considered as key factors in epilepsy as they regulate and maintain neuronal membrane potential via regulating ion transportation. Therefore, this study aims to identify ion channel-related single nucleotide variations that are considered as risk factors in epilepsy and determine their potential effects on pathogenicity, protein stability and structure using in silico methods. For this purpose, ion channel-related mutations linked with epilepsy were retrieved from ClinVar. Pathogenicity scores and protein stability were predicted using FATHMM-XF and MUpro, respectively. Structural alterations were determined via HOPE server. We identified 17 epilepsy-related missense mutations, 11 of which were in ion channel-related genes. Nonsynonymous substitutions of p.E177A, p.D219N, p.A322D, p.R577Q, p.E282K, p.V831M and p.R1072C were determined as pathogenic, while all mutations resulted in varying degrees of decrease in overall protein stability. Furthermore, all variants were annotated with risk for disease and introduction of distinct side chains caused differences in size, charge and hydrophobicity, as well as contact with other proteins and ligands. In conclusion, mutations in ion channel-related genes were previously identified in several genetic association studies while their functional annotations were not addressed. The results of this study provide a functional explanation to the pathogenic effects of ion channel-related gene mutations that are considered as risk factors in epilepsy.