Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Traffic Assignment Problem for Multiclass-User Transportation Networks

In a recent paper a traffic assignment model has been constructed in which the cost on a link may depend not only on its load, but also on the loads on other links of the network. In this paper it is shown that this model is also capable of handling the case of several classes of users in the same transportation network each of which has an individual cost function and, at the same time, contributes to its own and other classes' cost functions in an individual way. Typical applications arise not only in street networks where vehicles of different types share the same roads (e.g., trucks and passenger cars) but also in other types of transportation networks (e.g., telephone networks). An algorithm is constructed for finding the system-optimizing flow pattern for such a multiclass-user transportation network.
Bright Morning Lighting Enhancing Parasympathetic Activity at Night: A Pilot Study on Elderly Female Patients with Dementia without a Pacemaker

Exposure to bright morning light (BML) entrains the master circadian clock, modulates physiological circadian rhythms, and reduces sleep–wake disturbances. However, its impact on the autonomic nervous system at night remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of BML exposure on parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS) and sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity at night in elderly women. This nonrandomized controlled pilot study included female participants aged ≥ 60 years who were diagnosed with a type of dementia or cognitive disorder, excluding individuals with pacemakers. The treatment group was exposed to 2500 lx of BML, whereas the control group was exposed to 200 lx of general lighting. We measured heart rate variability to quantify ANS activity. The treatment group displayed significant increases in high-frequency (HF) power (Roy’s largest root = 1.62; p < 0.001) and nonsignificant decreases in normalized low-frequency (LF%) power. The corresponding nonsignificant decreases in the low-frequency/high-frequency (LF/HF) ratio and cognitive function were correlated with PSNS activity (Roy’s largest root = 1.41; p < 0.001), which improved severe dementia. BML exposure reduced SNS activity and enhanced PSNS activity at night in female participants, which improved cognitive function. Thus, BML therapy may be a useful clinical tool for alleviating cognitive decline.
A risk‐organised model for clinically significant prostate cancer early detection

Department of Urology, Vall d’Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain Department of Surgery, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Department of Urology, Hospital Miguel Servet, IIS-Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain Department of Urology, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain Department of Surgery, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain Department of Urology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain Urology Biomedical Research Unit, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain Department of Applied Mathematics, Escuela Universitaria Politécnica La Almunia, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
Prognostic Significance of Esophagogastric Junction Invasion in Patients with Adenocarcinoma of the Cardia or Subcardia

Simple Summary We compared the prognosis of patients with cardia or subcardia cancer using a gastric cancer staging system and identified a significant difference in overall survival according to invasion of the esophagogastric junction. In addition, esophagogastric junction invasion was a significant independent factor reflecting a poor prognosis. Esophagogastric junction invasion should be considered for staging, and additional research is needed to apply it to gastric and esophageal cancer classification. Abstract Background: There has been no comparison of the prognoses of Korean patients who underwent curative surgery for cancer located at the cardia or subcardia of the stomach. We performed this comparison and further investigated the prognostic significance of esophagogastric junction (EGJ) invasion in patients. Methods: The medical records of patients (n = 511) who were diagnosed with cardia or subcardia cancer and underwent surgery between January 2010 and May 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were further categorized into four groups for analysis: subcardia gastric cancer (sGC; subcardia cancer without EGJ invasion; n = 97), AEG (adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction) type III (subcardia cancer with EGJ invasion, n = 54), AEG type II without EGJ invasion (n = 158), and AEG type II with EGJ invasion (n = 202). We compared the overall survival of the four groups using a gastric cancer staging system and evaluated the prognostic significance of EGJ invasion with multivariate analysis. Results: The median follow-up of patients was 46.0 months (range: 0–124 months). There was significant difference in overall survival curves among the four groups (p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed a significant difference in overall survival between the groups with and without EGJ invasion (p < 0.001). Cancers with EGJ invasion were more frequently in the cardia (p < 0.001), had a larger size (p < 0.001), and showed a more advanced pathologic stage (stages II and III; 67.6% versus 33.7%, p < 0.001) than those without EGJ invasion. EGJ invasion and the pathologic stage were significant independent prognostic factors of overall survival in cardia and subcardia cancer patients (hazard ratio 2.24, 95% confidence interval 1.32–3.81, p = 0.003). Conclusion: The overall survival between patients with cardia or subcardia cancer was significantly different according to EGJ invasion. EGJ invasion was an independent prognostic factor and should be considered for staging. Additional research is needed to apply this feature to gastric and esophageal cancer classification.
Tracing the development of Anti-Fossil Fuel Norms: insights from the Republic of Ireland

ABSTRACT Recent scholarly work on sustainability transitions has highlighted the importance of the development of norms against fossil fuels, or Anti-Fossil Fuel Norms (AFFNs), for climate mitigation. However, further research is needed to understand the mechanisms and conditions by which such norms are developed and secured for successful sustainability transitions. This paper contributes to addressing this, through analysing the case of the Republic of Ireland, probing the emergence of norms against fossil fuels and notably against natural gas (also referred to here as ‘fossil gas’). Whilst Ireland is considered an overall laggard on climate action, in recent years the country has witnessed several ground-breaking supply-side moves against fossil fuels. Drawing on in-depth original research interviews and analysis of key political sources, including parliamentary debates and policy documents, the paper finds evidence of norms against fossil gas emerging in the Irish case. The analysis contributes insights into the iterative development of AFFNs at the domestic level, the role of environmental movements, and broader lessons for the development of a just transition away from fossil gas. Key policy insights Initial moves against fossil fuels, even if not successful, can unleash political feedback effects which open space for more stringent policy development over time Delayed action on sustainability leads to more complex transition challenges, with implications for ensuring justice within transition processes Grassroots environmental movements are important ‘norm entrepreneurs’, providing important sources of expertise, effective communication for policy and the public on the impacts of fossil fuels and mobilisation of wider citizen support for climate policy AFFN discursive framings can help to build alliances, advance climate justice, and support the development of environmentally and socially just transitions.
Framing and social movements

This article explores the notion and method of discourse and frame analysis in social movement studies. Different cases of frame analysis applied to various types of social movements and contentious politics in Europe are used to illustrate the argument. As stressed in the introduction to this special issue, although the concept of frame and framing is used in several disciplines and approaches in the cognitive, language and social sciences, research on social movements still presents some gaps. One is the prevalent application of frame analysis approach to progressive left wing movements, leaving aside actors on the Right. A second weakness is the scarcity of empirical research combining the micro (i.e. activists) and meso (i.e. organizations) level of framing and exploring dynamics of frame ‘(dis-)alignment’. Third, there is mainly a focus on the framing of national rather than transnational contention, although as this article shows, social movement research is increasing on this regard. The fourth weakness is the scarcity of applications of framing and frame analysis to collective actors and policies - a promising line of research to which social movement studies could make valuable contributions. This article will address these issues to highlight promising venues of research and application in social movement studies.
Biosynthesis of anticancer phytochemical compounds and their chemistry

Cancer is a severe health issue, and cancer cases are rising yearly. New anticancer drugs have been developed as our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind diverse solid tumors, and metastatic malignancies have increased. Plant-derived phytochemical compounds target different oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, protein channels, immune cells, protein channels, and pumps, which have attracted much attention for treating cancer in preclinical studies. Despite the anticancer capabilities of these phytochemical compounds, systemic toxicity, medication resistance, and limited absorption remain more significant obstacles in clinical trials. Therefore, drug combinations of new phytochemical compounds, phytonanomedicine, semi-synthetic, and synthetic analogs should be considered to supplement the existing cancer therapies. It is also crucial to consider different strategies for increased production of phytochemical bioactive substances. The primary goal of this review is to highlight several bioactive anticancer phytochemical compounds found in plants, preclinical research, their synthetic and semi-synthetic analogs, and clinical trials. Additionally, biotechnological and metabolic engineering strategies are explored to enhance the production of bioactive phytochemical compounds. Ligands and their interactions with their putative targets are also explored through molecular docking studies. Therefore, emphasis is given to gathering comprehensive data regarding modern biotechnology, metabolic engineering, molecular biology, and in silico tools.
Botulinum Toxin and Dynamic Splint Restore Grasping Function after Stroke: A Case Report

Evidence on the effectiveness of upper extremity rehabilitation post-stroke is inconclusive. We evaluated a tailored therapeutic program with dynamic splint and botulinum toxin injections for the treatment of upper extremity muscle spasticity. A case of a 43-year-old woman with chronic spastic hemiparesis after ischemic stroke with significant mobility impairment in the left upper extremity was described. A 16-week program consisted of three 50-min sessions daily and focused on grasping and releasing with and without the splint. The patient was evaluated before botulinum toxin injection and after 6, 12 and 16 weeks according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, and included the following scales: Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity Assessment (FMA-UE), Modified Ashworth Scale, Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), MyotonPro, Stroke Impact Scale, Box and Blocks. Photographic documentation made before and after the experiment was compared. Motor functions improved by 19.7% on FMA-UE, spasticity was reduced by one degree and pain at rest and during activity decreased by one score on NRS. A reduction in the oscillation frequency of the relaxed muscle and the stiffness of the examined muscles was observed. The patient regained grasping function. Health-related quality of life was systematically improving with a 35% increase at week 16 compared to the baseline. The combination treatment for spasticity based on botulinum toxin and SaeboFlex® dynamic splint in a patient with chronic spastic hemiparesis reduces disability and improves quality of life. However, further research is needed to investigate the treatment results.
Radio emission in the directions of cD and related galaxies in poor clusters. III - VLA observations at 20 cm

VLA radio maps and optical identifications of a sample of sources in the directions of 21 Yerkes poor cluster fields are presented. The majority of the cluster radio sources are associated with the dominant D or cD galaxies (approx.70%). Our analysis of dominant galaxies in rich and poor clusters indicates that these giant galaxies are much more often radio emitters (approx.25% of cD's are radio active in the poor clusters), have steeper radio spectra, and have simpler radio morphologies (i.e., double or other linear structure) than other less bright ellipticals. A strong continuum of radio properties in cD galaxies is seen from rich to poor clusters. We speculate that the location of these dominant galaxies at the cluster centers (i.e., at the bottom of a deep, isolated gravitational potential well) is the crucial factor in explaining their multifrequency activity. We briefly discuss galaxy cannibalism and gas infall models as fueling mechanisms for the observed radio and x-ray emission.
Optimal Planning of a Collision-free Trajectory of Redundant Manipulators

In this study, global planning of a collision-free trajectory (simultaneous planning of geometric path and its time para meterization) involving potential functions and direct kinematic and dynamic equations of the manipulator is presented. This planning is based on using the necessary conditions of min imum for an integral type criterion. General transversality conditions corresponding to the boundary ones (resulting from the task to be performed) are derived. Thus, closed systems of boundary dependences fully specifying differential equations, which arise from the necessary conditions of extreme for the above criterion, are obtained. As a result, this system renders it possible to reduce the collision-free trajectory planning problem to a two-point boundary value problem. A numerical example involving a manipulator of three-revolute kinematic pairs of the Vth class is considered.
A discrete $C^1$ interpolant for tetrahedral data

We assume an underlying three-dimensional domain that has been tesselated into tetrahedra. A piecwise rational scheme is described that interpolates to function and gradient values at the vortices of the tetrahedra. No other data are required. The scheme is local and has quadratic precision. Its construction is described and numerical examples are given.
100mm diameter GaSb substrates with extended IR wavelength for advanced space-based applications

A key component for third generation FPA development is the megapixel strain layer superlattice (SLS) structures on GaSb substrates for advanced infrared detectors. A significant aspect that inhibits widespread application of large format device growth on GaSb is the starting substrate size. Recently, the Czochralski method resulted in the world's first 100mm GaSb boules. The 100mm GaSb substrates can be ultra-low doped (n~4-9x1015/cm3) for extended IR wavelength transparency. A plethora of changes to the manufacturing process is required for consistent 100mm GaSb growth and substrate polishing. In this study, we examined the surface quality of the 100mm GaSb as a function of a standard and experimental Polish "A" which incorporated an additional CMP step as well as a longer final polish time. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and power spectral density (PSD) as a function of polish process measured the surface morphology. Interferometry was used to analyze free standing wafer flatness. Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) determined surface oxide thickness, and successful MBE growth of a 400 period Complimentary Barrier Infrared Detector (CBIRD) structure assessed SLS based device suitability. The epi structure was examined by x-ray diffraction (XRD). The low 0.3-0.4nm Ra starting 100mm GaSb roughness values, the wafer flatness ~2. 3μm per 16 wafer batch, the low FWHM SLo = 15.48 arsec of the successful CBIRD epi growth and related high intensity XRD ~6.6nm periodicity peaks suggest that the modified polish provides the 100mm GaSb with a desirable epi ready character and excellent surface crystallinity for advanced IRFPA applications.
Portable Device for Multipurpose Research on Dendritic Yanson Point Contacts and Quantum Sensing

Quantum structures are ideal objects by which to discover and study new sensor mechanisms and implement advanced approaches in sensor analysis to develop innovative sensor devices. Among them, one of the most interesting representatives is the Yanson point contact. It allows the implementation of a simple technological chain to activate the quantum mechanisms of selective detection in gaseous and liquid media. In this work, a portable device for multipurpose research on dendritic Yanson point contacts and quantum sensing was developed and manufactured. The device allows one to create dendritic Yanson point contacts and study their quantum properties, which are clearly manifested in the process of the electrochemical cyclic switchover effect. The device tests demonstrated that it was possible to gather data on the compositions and characteristics of the synthesized substances, and on the electrochemical processes that influence the production of dendritic Yanson point contacts, as well as on the electrophysical processes that provide information on the quantum nature of the electrical conductance of dendritic Yanson point contacts. The small size of the device makes it simple to integrate into a micro-Raman spectrometer setup. The developed device may be used as a prototype for designing a quantum sensor that will serve as the foundation for cutting-edge sensor technologies, as well as be applied to research into atomic-scale junctions, single-atom transistors, and any relative subjects.
Rethinking Multilateralism and Global Development

The multilateral system established after World War II is obsolete and insufficient to address current challenges, such as tensions between major powers and within regional blocks, inequalities, climate change, and health issues resulting from a strained power struggle between development pathways, politics, and nature. It is critical that we adapt the current system to new political realities and provide it with the means to respond to contemporary realities while also reestablishing governance arrangements to manage and preserve our global commons. In addition to governmental efforts, the participation of parliaments, local and regional governments, civil society, and the private sector is crucial in achieving a structural transformation of the multilateral system and creating a culture of inclusivity and accountability through greater social participation in decision-making. Implementing the 2030 Agenda, the Our Common Agenda report, and the outcomes of international summits will allow us to craft a new social contract balancing the needs of society, the economy, politics, and the environment.
Multidirectionally distributed feedback photonic crystal lasers

The lasing mode of a two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystal laser with in-plane multidirectionally distributed feedback effect is analyzed theoretically and experimentally. From an investigation of the Bragg diffraction conditions at several points in the photonic band diagram where lasing is expected, we identify a particular \ensuremath{\Gamma} point at which lasing occurs due to the coupling of lightwaves propagating in six equivalent \ensuremath{\Gamma}-X directions and diffraction normal to the substrate surface. In order to investigate the lasing mode in detail, the distribution of the electromagnetic field at the band edges at the \ensuremath{\Gamma} point is calculated, and each band edge is found to have a different field pattern. The lasing characteristics of the 2D photonic crystal laser at the lasing wavelength corresponding to the \ensuremath{\Gamma} point are measured. Single-mode lasing over a broad circular area is observed by microelectroluminescence measurements under pulsed conditions at room temperature. We also demonstrate the correspondence between the measured lasing wavelengths and calculated band edges by comparing the polarization characteristics with the calculated distribution of the electromagnetic field. The results indicate that 2D coherent lasing oscillation does, in fact, occur due to the multidirectional coupling effect in the 2D photonic crystal. From the theoretical calculation, we show that the polarization patterns of the lasers can be controlled by introducing artificial lattice defects.
Equivalent circuit modeling of traveling-wave superconducting-nanostripe single-photon detectors for silicon quantum photonic integrated circuits

Superconducting nanostripe single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) represent key components in silicon quantum photonic integrated circuits (SiQuPICs). They provide good timing precision, low dark counts, and high efficiency. The design, fabrication, and characterization of SiQuPICs comprising SNSPDs coupled to dielectric optical waveguides are the core objectives of our work. The detectors are positioned directly on the dielectric waveguide core to increase photon absorption by the superconducting nanostripes. We also present results on the SPICE circuit modeling of traveling-wave SNSPDs integrated with Si3N4/SiO2 optical waveguides.
Brain Correlates of Eating Disorders in Response to Food Visual Stimuli: A Systematic Narrative Review of FMRI Studies

This article summarizes the results of studies in which functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was performed to investigate the neurofunctional activations involved in processing visual stimuli from food in individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED). A systematic review approach based on the PRISMA guidelines was used. Three databases—Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science (WoS)—were searched for brain correlates of each eating disorder. From an original pool of 688 articles, 30 articles were included and discussed. The selected studies did not always overlap in terms of research design and observed outcomes, but it was possible to identify some regularities that characterized each eating disorder. As if there were two complementary regulatory strategies, AN seems to be associated with general hyperactivity in brain regions involved in top-down control and emotional areas, such as the amygdala, insula and hypothalamus. The insula and striatum are hyperactive in BN patients and likely involved in abnormalities of impulsivity and emotion regulation. Finally, the temporal cortex and striatum appear to be involved in the neural correlates of BED, linking this condition to use of dissociative strategies and addictive aspects. Although further studies are needed, this review shows that there are specific activation pathways. Therefore, it is necessary to pay special attention to triggers, targets and maintenance processes in order to plan effective therapeutic interventions. Clinical implications are discussed.