Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Branch-and-Bound versus Lift-and-Project Relaxations in Combinatorial Optimization

In this paper, we consider a theoretical framework for comparing branch-and-bound with classical lift-and-project hierarchies. We simplify our analysis of streamlining the definition of branch-and-bound. We introduce"skewed $k$-trees"which give a hierarchy of relaxations that is incomparable to that of Sherali-Adams, and we show that it is much better for some instances. We also give an example where lift-and-project does very well and branch-and-bound does not. Finally, we study the set of branch-and-bound trees of height at most $k$ and effectively"squeeze"their effectiveness between two well-known lift-and-project procedures.
The Open DAC 2023 Dataset and Challenges for Sorbent Discovery in Direct Air Capture

New methods for carbon dioxide removal are urgently needed to combat global climate change. Direct air capture (DAC) is an emerging technology to capture carbon dioxide directly from ambient air. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been widely studied as potentially customizable adsorbents for DAC. However, discovering promising MOF sorbents for DAC is challenging because of the vast chemical space to explore and the need to understand materials as functions of humidity and temperature. We explore a computational approach benefiting from recent innovations in machine learning (ML) and present a dataset named Open DAC 2023 (ODAC23) consisting of more than 38M density functional theory (DFT) calculations on more than 8,400 MOF materials containing adsorbed $CO_2$ and/or $H_2O$. ODAC23 is by far the largest dataset of MOF adsorption calculations at the DFT level of accuracy currently available. In addition to probing properties of adsorbed molecules, the dataset is a rich source of information on structural relaxation of MOFs, which will be useful in many contexts beyond specific applications for DAC. A large number of MOFs with promising properties for DAC are identified directly in ODAC23. We also trained state-of-the-art ML models on this dataset to approximate calculations at the DFT level. This open-source dataset and our initial ML models will provide an important baseline for future efforts to identify MOFs for a wide range of applications, including DAC.
Performance limits due to thermal transport in graphene single-photon bolometers

In high-sensitivity bolometers and calorimeters, the photon absorption often occurs at a finite distance from the temperature sensor to accommodate antennas or avoid the degradation of superconducting circuitry exposed to radiation. As a result, thermal propagation from the input to the temperature readout can critically affect detector performance. In this report we model the performance of a graphene bolometer, accounting for electronic thermal diffusion and dissipation via electron-phonon coupling at low temperatures in three regimes: clean, supercollision, and resonant scattering. Our results affirm the feasibility of a superconducting readout without Cooper-pair breaking by mid- and near-infrared photons, and provide a recipe for designing graphene absorbers for calorimetric single-photon detectors. We investigate the tradeoff between the input-readout distance and detector efficiency, and predict an intrinsic timing jitter of ~2.7 ps. Based on our result, we propose a spatial-mode-resolving photon detector to increase communication bandwidth.
TLMCM Network for Medical Image Hierarchical Multi-Label Classification

Medical Image Hierarchical Multi-Label Classification (MI-HMC) is of paramount importance in modern healthcare, presenting two significant challenges: data imbalance and \textit{hierarchy constraint}. Existing solutions involve complex model architecture design or domain-specific preprocessing, demanding considerable expertise or effort in implementation. To address these limitations, this paper proposes Transfer Learning with Maximum Constraint Module (TLMCM) network for the MI-HMC task. The TLMCM network offers a novel approach to overcome the aforementioned challenges, outperforming existing methods based on the Area Under the Average Precision and Recall Curve($AU\overline{(PRC)}$) metric. In addition, this research proposes two novel accuracy metrics, $EMR$ and $HammingAccuracy$, which have not been extensively explored in the context of the MI-HMC task. Experimental results demonstrate that the TLMCM network achieves high multi-label prediction accuracy($80\%$-$90\%$) for MI-HMC tasks, making it a valuable contribution to healthcare domain applications.
Computational multiphase micro-periporomechanics for dynamic shear banding and fracturing of unsaturated porous media

Dynamic shearing banding and fracturing in unsaturated porous media is a significant problem in engineering and science. This article proposes a multiphase micro-periporomechanics (uPPM) paradigm for modeling dynamic shear banding and fracturing in unsaturated porous media. Periporomechanics (PPM) is a nonlocal reformulation of classical poromechanics to model continuous and discontinuous deformation/fracture and fluid flow in porous media through a single framework. In PPM, a multiphase porous material is postulated as a collection of a finite number of mixed material points. The length scale in PPM that dictates the nonlocal interaction between material points is a mathematical object that lacks a direct physical meaning. As a novelty, in the coupled uPPM, a microstructure-based material length scale is incorporated by considering micro-rotations of the solid skeleton following the Cosserat continuum theory for solids. As a new contribution, we reformulate the second-order work for detecting material instability and the energy-based crack criterion and J-integral for modeling fracturing in the uPPM paradigm. The stabilized Cosserat PPM correspondence principle that mitigates the multiphase zero-energy mode instability is augmented to include unsaturated fluid flow. We have numerically implemented the novel uPPM paradigm through a dual-way fractional-step algorithm in time and a hybrid Lagrangian-Eulerian meshfree method in space. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the robustness and efficacy of the proposed uPPM paradigm for modeling shear banding and fracturing in unsaturated porous media.
Quality of life and social capital in Mashhad city in Iran

There are two main dimensions for quality of life: objective quality of life and subjective quality of life. Objective quality of li fe is the objective facilities and chances in one's life. Facilities help people to be healthy and use their life chances. Subjective quality of life is sense of bei ng advantaged so that the consequence of positive subjective quality of life is sense of happiness. In this research the relationship between social capital an d quality of life and its two main dimensions have been examined. Data drawn from a survey in Mashhad city in Iran show that social capital has greater r ole in explanation of quality of life in relative to income and education. Income is the most important factor for explanation of objective quality of life and social capital is the most important factor for explanation of subjective quality of lif e. Also income has considerable effect on subjective quality of life a nd social capital has considerable effect of objective quality of life. E ducation has some positive effect on both dimensions of quality of life.
Vocational Theory and Personality Traits of Information Technology Professionals peRsOnAlITy TRAITs AnD cAReeR sATIsfAcTIOn Of InfORmATIOn TechnOlOgy pROfessIOnAls

AbsTRAcT Drawing on Holland's (1985, 1996) vocational theory and based on a sample of 9,011 IT professionals, two research questions were investigated. On what personality traits do IT professionals differ from other occupations and which of these are also related to their career satisfaction? Five traits met both these criteria—Emotional Resilience, Openness, Tough-Mindedness, and Customer Service—for which IT professionals had higher scores, and conscientiousness, for which they had lower scores. IT career satisfaction was also positively related to E xtraversion, Agreeableness/Teamwork, Assertiveness, Optimism , Tough-Mindedness, Work Drive, and Visionary Style. Results are discussed in terms of the fit of these traits with IT work and the value of these insights for personnel-management functions like selection, training, professional development, and career planning.
Defining the Neolithic of Southern Vietnam: The Ceramcs of An Sơn

The increase in archaeological research in recent years in southern Vietnam permits the inclusion of relevant sites from that region into the wider regional understanding of important cultural phenomena in mainland Southeast Asia. This paper considers the ceramic technology in relation to the appearance of rice cultivation, animal husbandry, ground and polished stone tools and related cultural signatures that are commonly associated with the “Neolithic” period. Comprehensive analyses have been conducted ��
Globalizing results from ocean in situ iron fertilization studies

Despite the growing number of in situ iron fertilization experiments, the efficiency of such fertilization to sequester atmospheric CO2 remains largely unknown. For the first time, a global ocean biogeochemical model has been evaluated against those experiments and then used to estimate the effect of a long‐term and large‐scale iron addition on atmospheric CO2. The model reproduces the observed timing and amplitude in chlorophyll, the shift in ecosystem composition, and the pCO2 drawdown; it also proves to be of utility in interpreting the observations. However, a full ocean fertilization during 100 years results in a 33 μatm decrease in atmospheric CO2, that is 2 to 3 times smaller than found previously.
Assessing the Use of Natural Esters for

—In recent years great attention has been paid to ester ﬂuids as an alternative to mineral oil. At the present the use of these liquids is becoming a common practice in distribution transformers and even some experiences have been published reporting their application to power transformers. One of the main differences between ester ﬂuid and mineral oil is the much greater capability of absorbing water by esters. In this paper the possibility of using this kind of liquids in transformer ﬁeld drying is assessed. Hot oil (HO) drying with mineral oil is one of the most widely used methods to dry transformers in ﬁeld, as it is a relatively simple and well known process and it is less aggressive for the insulation than other drying methods. Moreover, drying the oil, while it is preferably hot, is the only method available to dry transformers online. However the water extraction rate of the process is very poor because of the highly hydrophobic character of mineral oil, and in consequence large drying times are needed to achieve a signiﬁcant reduction in the water content of the insulation. A ﬁrst theoretical analysis seems to indicate that the use of a less hydrophobic liquid would signiﬁcantly reduce the drying times involved in the process. This paper aims to quantify the improvement of the HO drying process that is achieved by using ester ﬂuids instead of mineral oil. Both drying agents were compared by means of theoretical simulations as well as laboratory tests.
Cell-Based Neurorestorotherapy in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis – Scientific Truth should Rely on Facts, but Not Conjecture

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive, fatal, neurodegenerative disease caused by the degeneration of motor neurons, the nerve cells in the central nervous system that control voluntary muscle movement. Death due to respiratory failure occurs typically 2–5 years after disease onset (Suzuki et al., 2007). Our basic and clinical studies have proven that OECs have neuroprotective effect and can improve quality of life and prolong surviving time (Huang et al., 2007, 2008; Chen et al., 2007, 2012; Li et al., 2011). Dr. Piepers (Piepers and van den Berg, 2010) published a paper to make comment on our work, in which there were some wrong viewpoints and errors. Also there may be someone sharing same viewpoints with his paper. In order to avoid misleading readers, it is our irresistible duty to tell people the truth what happened about treatment study, show more evidences, and facts of development for this disease. Herein, we encourage people to read his original paper with our thoughts in mind. We strongly believe that scientific truth should rely on facts, but not conjecture.
Oocytes can repair DNA damage during meiosis via a microtubule-dependent recruitment of CIP2A–MDC1–TOPBP1 complex from spindle pole to chromosomes

Because DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) greatly threaten genomic integrity, effective DNA damage sensing and repair are essential for cellular survival in all organisms. However, DSB repair mainly occurs during the interphase and is repressed during mitosis. Here, we show that, unlike mitotic cells, oocytes can repair DSBs during meiosis through microtubule-dependent chromosomal recruitment of the CIP2A-MDC1-TOPBP1 complex from spindle poles. After DSB induction, we observed spindle shrinkage and stabilization, as well as BRCA1 and 53BP1 recruitment to chromosomes and subsequent DSB repair during meiosis I. Moreover, p-MDC1 and p-TOPBP1 were recruited from spindle poles to chromosomes in a CIP2A-dependent manner. This pole-to-chromosome relocation of the CIP2A-MDC1-TOPBP1 complex was impaired not only by depolymerizing microtubules but also by depleting CENP-A or HEC1, indicating that the kinetochore/centromere serves as a structural hub for microtubule-dependent transport of the CIP2A-MDC1-TOPBP1 complex. Mechanistically, DSB-induced CIP2A-MDC1-TOPBP1 relocation is regulated by PLK1 but not by ATM activity. Our data provide new insights into the critical crosstalk between chromosomes and spindle microtubules in response to DNA damage to maintain genomic stability during oocyte meiosis.
Max-Planck-Institut für Mathematik Bonn Critical points of modular forms

We count the number of critical points of a modular form with real Fourier coef-ﬁcients in a γ -translate of the standard fundamental domain F (with γ ∈ SL 2 ( Z )). Whereas by the valence formula the (weighted) number of zeros of this modular form in γ F is a constant only depending on its weight, we give a closed formula for this number of critical points in terms of those zeros of the modular form lying on the boundary of F , the value of γ − 1 ( ∞ ) and the weight. More generally, we indicate what can be said about the number of zeros of a quasimodular form.
Community Based Cultural Tourism:Findings From The US

Community-based cultural tourism remains an unexamined aspect of urban cultural tourism which has grown in importance during the past several decades primarily as an economic development strategy but also as a key characteristic for improving and indicating urban quality of life. While prevalent in Europe and other parts of the world, such tourism has also grown in scope and size in the United States which has experienced a proliferation of informally and formally designated arts and cultural districts, entertainment districts, and historic districts. Despite the prevalence of such efforts, there has been relatively little research into community-based cultural tourism in comparison to the extent that urban cultural tourism is being developed in cities and towns across the United States. This paper contributes to addressing this knowledge gap by explaining how the dominant context of urban cultural tourism neglects local residents and community-based tourism. In doing so, this paper identifies several of the issues associated with understanding the complexity, identification, and analysis of urban cultural tourism at large.
Social neuroscience : integrating biological and psychological explanations of social behavior

Part 1. Introduction. Harmon-Jones, Winkielman, A Brief Overview of Social Neuroscience. Part 2. Emotion Processes. Beer, The Importance of Emotion-Social Cognition Interactions for Social Functioning: Insights from Orbitofrontal Cortex. Heberlein, Adolphs, Neurobiology of Emotion Recognition: Current Evidence for Shared Substrates. Kudielka, Hellhammer, Kirschbaum, Ten Years of Research with the Trier Social Stress Test - Revisited. Norris, Cacioppo, I Know How You Feel: Social and Emotional Information Processing in the Brain. Ochsner, How Thinking Controls Feeling: A Social Cognitive Neuroscience Approach. Part 3. Motivation Processes. Harmon-Jones, Asymmetrical Frontal Cortical Activity, Affective Valence, and Motivational Direction. Knutson, Wimmer, Reward: Neural Circuitry for Social Valuation. Schultheiss, A Biobehavioral Model of Implicit Power Motivation Arousal, Reward, and Frustration. van Honk, Schutter, Vigilant and Avoidant Responses to Angry Facial Expressions: Dominance and Submission Motives. Part 4. Attitudes and Social Cognition. Cunningham, Johnson, Attitudes and Evaluation: Toward a Component Process Framework. Decety, A Social Cognitive Neuroscience Model of Human Empathy. Fazendeiro, Chenier, Winkielman, How Dynamics of Thinking Create Affective and Cognitive Feelings: Psychology and Neuroscience of the Connection between Fluency, Liking, and Memory. Lieberman, The X- and C-Systems: The Neural Basis of Automatic and Controlled Social Cognition. Stone, An Evolutionary Perspective on Domain Specificity in Social Intelligence. Part 5. Person Perception, Stereotyping, and Prejudice. Amodio, Devine, Harmon-Jones, Mechanisms for the Regulation of Intergroup Responses: Insights from a Social Neuroscience Approach. Bartholow, Dickter, Social Cognitive Neuroscience of Person Perception: A Selective Review Focused on the Event-Related Brain Potential. Ito, Willadsen-Jensen, Correll, Social Neuroscience and Social Perception: New Perspectives on Categorization, Prejudice, and Stereotyping. Part 6. Interpersonal Relationships. Carter, Neuropeptides and the Protective Effects of Social Bonds. Iacoboni, The Quiet Revolution of Existential Neuroscience. Taylor, Gonzaga, Affiliative Responses to Stress: A Social Neuroscience Model. Uchino, Holt-Lunstad, Uno, Campo, Reblin, The Social Neuroscience of Relationships: An Examination of Health-Relevant Pathways.
Evaluation of hurricane wind speed retrieval from cross-dual-pol SAR

ABSTRACT Understanding and forecasting hurricanes are important components of weather prediction and climate studies. A critical concern is accuracy in hurricane wind speed estimates, especially in areas over the ocean where in situ measurements are sparse. Moreover, for very intense hurricanes, remotely sensed ocean surface winds generally lack accuracy. Recent studies on cross-polarization RADARSAT-2 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data show very promising capability for high wind speed retrieval. The monotonic increase of cross-pol radar backscattered intensity with wind speed, and less sensitive dependence on wind direction, makes it superior to co-pol SAR measurements for operational application. Before further application of the methodology, it is important to evaluate the capability of hurricane forced wind speed retrieval from the promising, simple cross-pol SAR data. In this study, we apply a newly developed wind retrieval model to hurricanes using VH polarization dual-pol mode (VH dual-pol) RADARSAT-2 ScanSAR images. Validation of SAR wind retrievals is via surface wind analysis data from the Hurricane Research Division (HRD) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and airborne stepped frequency microwave radiometer (SFMR) measurements. We found that compared to the co-polarization RADARSAT-2 SAR measurements, retrieved wind speeds from cross-polarization mode SAR have better overall accuracy and are more consistent with expected hurricane structures. Moreover, the cross-polarization model for VH dual-pol-retrieved winds does not appear to exhibit the speed ambiguity problem, which is one of the main obstacles for co-polarization retrieval of hurricane winds. SAR-retrieved winds contain detailed wind structures of the hurricane eyewall which are potentially of value for ongoing improvements in numerical models of hurricanes, air–sea interactions, and climate change. Special attention must be paid to biases caused by precipitation in order to reduce remaining errors in SAR retrieval of hurricane winds; precipitation has not been explicitly considered by current geophysical model functions.
FEASIBILITY OF BIOMASS / WASTE-RELATED SNG PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES

Based on comparable basic assumptions, a technical, economic, and ecological assessment has been performed for the biomass/waste-related SNG production technologies, with the objective to make a selection for future implementation of the most promising options. Anaerobic digestion, upstream pressurised oxygen-blown or indirect gasification with downstream methanation, hydrogasification followed by methanation, and, in less extent, the co-production of Fischer-Tropsch-SNG have been studied within this project. Although substitute natural gas (SNG) has not yet been incorporated as an alternative fuel in the Dutch and European renewable energy policies, it can play an important role in realisation of the Dutch and European climate and renewable energy targets. Based on the modelling results, the upstream pressurised oxygenblown or indirect gasification with downstream methanation routes seemed to be the most promising options for SNG production from biomass. The RD&D trajectory for candidate SNG production processes, consisting of three development stages (Proof of Principle, Proof of Concept, demonstration of a complete integrated process on pilot scale), is expected to take about 10 years for indirect gasification and 8 years for pressurised oxygen-blown gasification. Also a period of four years is expected to be necessary for the market introduction. The indirect gasification technology, after development, will score better with respect to all aspects, compared to pressurised oxygen-blown CFB gasification, and therefore it has been selected for future development for SNG production. Through this gasification technology almost 100% carbon conversion can be achieved, resulting in a tar-free (by using the ECN OLGA process), low-nitrogen, and high-hydrocarbon content synthesis gas. The technology has also the potential of upscaling to a commercial scale on the long term. In combination with downstream methanation, SNG production efficiencies up to 70% can be achieved. The SNG production cost for this process is 7.8 €/GJ (compared to the current market price of 8.7 €/GJ). With a potential SNG production capacity of approximately 15 PJ a year, this process has the potential to fulfil approximately 5% of the Dutch renewable energy target in 2020, or even 20% of the biomassrelated target. The SNG production capacity of this process until 2020 is 128 PJ. The costs per tonne CO2 avoided and the total avoided CO2 emission until 2020 are € 83, respectively, 7.2 Mtonne.