Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Validation and reliability study of the Turkish version of the everyday cognition - 12 (T- ECog) scale

OBJECTIVE Assessing the activities of daily living (ADL) is important in cognitive impairment. The everyday cognition scale includes 12 items (ECog-12). It evaluates complex ADLs and executive functions. This scale can differentiate healthy elderly people from patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) as well as MCI from dementia patients. Our aim is to validate a Turkish version of ECog-12. METHODS The study group consisted of 40 healthy elders, 40 patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and 40 patients with MCI. In addition to T-ECog-12, test - your memory- Turkish version (TYM-TR), Geriatric Dementia Scale (GDS), the Blessed orientation-memory-concentration (BOMC), and Katz ADL tests were administered to all participants for concurrent validity. RESULTS Cronbach’s alpha test showed excellent internal consistency (0.93). When T-ECog-12 was compared to the other tests, strong positive correlations were found between the GDS and BOMC; in addition, strong negative correlations were found between Katz ADL and TYM-TR scale. ECog-12 was found to be sensitive in differentiating healthy individuals from individuals with dementia (AD and MCI) (Area under the curve [AUC]=0.82, Cl=0.74–0.89). It was found to have low sensitivity in discriminating between MCI and healthy individuals (AUC=0.52, Cl=0.42–0.63). CONCLUSION T-ECog-12 was found to be reliable and valid for Turkish population. This scale is reliable and effective in diagnostic distinguishing healthy individuals from dementia.
A Complete YOLO-Based Ship Detection Method for Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing Images under Complex Backgrounds

The automatic ship detection method for thermal infrared remote sensing images (TIRSIs) is of great significance due to its broad applicability in maritime security, port management, and target searching, especially at night. Most ship detection algorithms utilize manual features to detect visible image blocks which are accurately cut, and they are limited by illumination, clouds, and atmospheric strong waves in practical applications. In this paper, a complete YOLO-based ship detection method (CYSDM) for TIRSIs under complex backgrounds is proposed. In addition, thermal infrared ship datasets were made using the SDGSAT-1 thermal imaging system. First, in order to avoid the loss of texture characteristics during large-scale deep convolution, the TIRSIs with the resolution of 30 m were up-sampled to 10 m via bicubic interpolation method. Then, complete ships with similar characteristics were selected and marked in the middle of the river, the bay, and the sea. To enrich the datasets, the gray value stretching module was also added. Finally, the improved YOLOv5 s model was used to detect the ship candidate area quickly. To reduce intra-class variation, the 4.23–7.53 aspect ratios of ships were manually selected during labeling, and 8–10.5 μm ship datasets were constructed. Test results show that the precision of the CYSDM is 98.68%, which is 9.07% higher than that of the YOLOv5s algorithm. CYSDM provides an effective reference for large-scale, all-day ship detection.
Consumer Perception of Beef Quality and How to Control, Improve and Predict It? Focus on Eating Quality

Quality refers to the characteristics of products that meet the demands and expectations of the end users. Beef quality is a convergence between product characteristics on one hand and consumers’ experiences and demands on the other. This paper reviews the formation of consumer beef quality perception, the main factors determining beef sensory quality, and how to measure and predict beef eating quality at scientific and industrial levels. Beef quality is of paramount importance to consumers since consumer perception of quality determines the decision to purchase and repeat the purchase. Consumer perception of beef quality undergoes a multi-step process at the time of purchase and consumption in order to achieve an overall value assessment. Beef quality perception is determined by a set of quality attributes, including intrinsic (appearance, safety, technological, sensory and nutritional characteristics, convenience) and extrinsic (price, image, livestock farming systems, commercial strategy, etc.) quality traits. The beef eating qualities that are the most valued by consumers are highly variable and depend mainly on the composition and characteristics of the original muscle and the post-mortem processes involved in the conversion of muscle into meat, the mechanisms of which are summarized in this review. Furthermore, in order to guarantee good quality beef for consumers in advance, the prediction of beef quality by combining different traits in scenarios where the animal, carcass, and muscle cuts can be evaluated is also discussed in the current review.
Controlled Lagrangian and Hamiltonian systems

Many control systems are mechanical systems. The unique feature of mechanical systems is the notion of energy, which gives much information on the stability of equilibria. Two kinds of forces are associated with the energy: dissipative force and gyroscopic force. A dissipative force is, by definition, a force which decreases the energy, and a gyroscopic force is, by definition, a force that does not change the energy. Gyroscopic forces add couplings to the dynamics. In this thesis, we develop a control design methodology which makes full use of these three physical notions: energy, dissipation, and coupling. First, we develop the method of controlled Lagrangian systems. It is a systematic procedure for designing stabilizing controllers for mechanical systems by making use of energy, dissipative forces, and gyroscopic forces. The basic idea is as follows: Suppose that we are given a mechanical system and want to design a controller to asymptotically stabilize an equilibrium of interest. We look for a feedback control law such that the closed-loop dynamics can be also described by a new Lagrangian with a dissipative force and a gyroscopic force where the energy of the new Lagrangian has a minimum at the equilibrium. Then we check for asymptotic stability by applying the Lyapunov stability theory with the new energy as a Lyapunov function. Next, we show that the method of controlled Lagrangian systems and its Hamiltonian counterpart, the method of controlled Hamiltonian systems, are equivalent for simple mechanical systems where the underlying Lagrangian is of the form kinetic minus potential energy. In addition, we extend both the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian sides of this theory to include systems with symmetry and discuss the relevant reduction theory.
Semantics of type theory - correctness, completeness and independence results

Many people are trying to be smarter every day. How's about you? There are many ways to evoke this case you can find knowledge and lesson everywhere you want. However, it will involve you to get what call as the preferred thing. When you need this kind of sources, the following book can be a great choice. semantics of type theory correctness completeness and independence results is the PDF of the book.
Design and Characterization of a Novel Hapten and Preparation of Monoclonal Antibody for Detecting Atrazine

This study provides the first design and synthetic protocol for preparing highly sensitive and specific atrazine (ATR) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). In this work, a previously unreported hapten, 2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine, was designed and synthesized, which maximally exposed the characteristic amino group ATR to an animal immune system to induce the expected antibody. The molecular weight of the ATR hapten was 259.69 Da, and its purity was 97.8%. The properties of the anti-ATR mAb were systematically characterized. One 9F5 mAb, which can detect ATR, was obtained with an IC50 value (the concentration of analyte that produced 50% inhibition of ATR) of 1.678 µg/L for ATR. The molecular weight for the purified 9F5 mAb was approximately 52 kDa for the heavy chain and 15 kDa for the light chain. The anti-ATR mAb prepared in this study was the IgG1 type. The working range of the standard curve (IC20 (the concentration of analyte that produced 20% inhibition of ATR)—IC80 (the concentration of analyte that produced 80% inhibition of ATR)) was 0.384 to 11.565 µg/L. The prepared anti-ATR mAb had high specificity, sensitivity, and affinity with low cross-reactivity. The prepared anti-ATR mAb could provide the core raw material for establishing an ATR immunoassay.
Pioneering insights of extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) generation, action and its implications for cancer therapy

Extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) is a cancer-specific circular DNA molecule that is derived from chromosomes. In contrast with linear chromosomes, ecDNA exhibits a unique structure that can be representative of high chromosome accessibility, contributing to hyperactivated proto-oncogenes and malignant behaviours. Meanwhile, nonchromosomal inheritance and recurrent mutations of ecDNA fuel tumour heterogeneity and evolution. Recent studies have demonstrated that ecDNA drives tumorigenesis and progression and is related to poor clinical outcomes and drug resistance across widespread cancers. Although ecDNA was first observed in 1965, with technological advancements, its critical functions in tumorigenesis are currently coming forth. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the origin, biogenesis process, discovery history, molecular mechanisms, and physiological functions of ecDNAs in cancer. Additionally, we highlight the effective research methods to study ecDNA and offer novel insights for ecDNA-directed therapies.
The Effect of Liquidity, Solvability and Assets on the Profitability of Women Entrepreneurs

In recent years, several researchers have criticized the diversity of gender in influencing the financial performance of companies. Despite providing high benefits and variety in the field of entrepreneurship, female entrepreneurs continue to be seen as an insignificant factor in entrepreneurship due to the dominance of male entrepreneurs. The purpose of this study was to analyze the financial performance of SMEs in Malang Regency. Data were collected from 100 female entrepreneurs and analyzed using multiple linear regression. Data was collected by using a simple random sampling technique. The results showed that liquidity and solvency had no significant effect on the profitability of women entrepreneurs in Malang Regency, while assets had a significant influence on the profitability of women entrepreneurs in Malang Regency. This finding seeks to allocate sources of funds in order to carry out investment activities, provide liquid assets so that they do not lose if at any time they are disbursed, provide guarantees of their own capital to pay off long-term debts, utilize all assets owned in order to increase income.
Calcul des Probabilites

This book by M. Levy on the Theory of Probability is written in order to emphasise a point of view which seems to have been ignored by other writers on the subject. I ts special feature is the prominent place given to the use of the characteristic function which Cauchy was the first to introduce. M. Levy at tempts to justify the fundamental principles of the theory of errors by giving a suitable precision to the intuitive idea of accidental error, and by deducing in a rigorous manner tha t the accidental error obeys the law of Gauss. Several writers think tha t this result does not justify the mathematical apparatus necessary to establish it, and the author at tempts to combat this idea by showing that the mathematical methods required are not so formidable as is generally supposed. The book is divided into two parts, the first of which is elementary and is devoted to setting forth the principles of the theory of probability. Here the author has been careful to state what is definition and what is mathematical reasoning. He has therefore emphasised the part which is subjective in the idea of probability, and he discusses the transition from the subjective to the objective. The second part of the book gives a systematic account of the use of the characteristic function. The conditions, which are necessary in order tha t a function may be a characteristic function, are deduced, and the properties of a given law of probability are obtained from its corresponding characteristic function. The general results obtained are applied to the laws due to Gauss and Cauchy. I t is doubtful whether this portion of the book will be appreciated by readers who have not acquired a considerable knowledge of analytical processes. As an application of the theory of errors M. Levy has devoted a chapter to the Kinetic Theory of gases. Here he gives prominence to the idea of reversibility, from which he deduces Maxwell's law. On the whole M. Levy's work will be considered by many to be rather prolix. Readers who find the first par t new and exciting are likely to be overwhelmed by the analysis in the second part, and those who can follow the second part with ease will find the first part rather dull. But the book contains a fund of valuable information, and the author has certainly succeeded in showing that the use of the characteristic function has a synthetic value which deserves a prominent place in the development of the subject.
Intelligent Sensor Networks in Industry 5.0. Generalized Concept of Creating Digital Platforms for Managing Complex Systems Based on a Regularizing Bayesian Approach

Within the framework of the Industry 4.0 concept, intensive development of the processes of intellectualization of sensory systems is envisaged. Among the most important specific properties of real measuring processes in complex systems is, first of all, their implementation in conditions of considerable uncertainty. The uncertainty is caused by a priori incompleteness, inaccuracy, vagueness of information about a complex measuring object and its functioning environment, which does not allow us to build an adequate model of the object before conducting a measuring experiment, identify and formalize the influencing factors of the external environment and develop effective algorithms for the functioning of information and measurement systems.The article proposes an approach to the intellectualization of measurement systems in conditions of uncertainty by creating intelligent sensor networks based on Bayesian intelligent technologies (BITS) and means of their implementation. Typical modules of such networks are considered, which are integrated sets of various sensors and intelligent measurement information processing systems.Such sensor sets may include both physically implemented measuring devices and virtual sensors for measuring non-quantitative or integral characteristics. The results of the work of the networks are comprehensive assessments of the state of complex objects and recommendations for ensuring their sustainable functioning. An important part of such systems is the built-in means of a complete metrological justification of all the solutions obtained. The systems have a hierarchical architecture corresponding to the levels of management of complex objects, which has the possibility of self-development based on newly received information. This is achieved thanks to models and measurement scales with dynamic constraints, on which all algorithms used in these networks are built.
Effects of Rederivation by Embryo Vitrification on Performance in a Rabbit Paternal Line

Embryo cryopreservation is a valuable tool for maintaining genetic variability and preserving breeds and lines, allowing to assess the response to selection and enabling genetic diffusion. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of rederivation by embryo vitrification and transfer procedures on the growth and reproductive traits in a paternal rabbit line selected for average daily gain from weaning (28 days old) to fattening (63 days old). The rederived population was bred over two generations at the same time as a control population of this paternal line and, growth trait parameters (weights at weaning, end of the fattening period, and average daily gain) and reproductive performance (kindling rate, litter size at birth and at weaning) were compared with three filial generations. Moreover, fetal growth and litter size components were assessed for the second generation by ultrasonography and laparoscopy. Differences in postnatal growth traits (end of fattening weight and average daily gain) were observed in the three generations assessed. However, fetal growth, litter size components, and reproductive traits did not show significant differences. In conclusion, cryopreservation and embryo transfer processes cause changes in growth traits of reconstituted populations that influence the following generations, without changes in reproductive traits in a paternal line of rabbits. Graphical Abstract Experimental design and growth and reproductive traits studied.
A Novel Process for the Production of Clinical Dextran.

A new process for the production of a clinical (or controlled size) dextrans was developed. This process is simpler, cheaper and more economical than traditional methods. It involves the use of a mixed culture fermentation with a dextranase producing strain (Lipomvces starkevi ATCC 74054) and a dextransucrase producing strain (Leuconostoc mesenteroides ATCC 10830). The new process produced 84 % (w/w) of the theoretical yield of clinical dextrans with an average polydispersity between 1.2 and 1.5. The mechanism for clinical dextran formation is a competitive production of acceptors from newly formed dextran molecules by dextranase. The acceptors compete for the existing glucosyl portion of sucrose, resulting in higher levels of small size dextran molecules. The maintenance of a proper balance of dextransucrase to dextranase is essential for the functioning of this process.
Bioinformatic Analysis of Expression Pattern and Prognostic Value of Oxidoreductase ERO1L in Pancreatic Cancer

Objective: As people continue to succumb to the progression of various forms of cancer, the extreme lethal nature of pancreatic cancer in particular suggests that new therapeutic targets and novel regulatory mechanisms need to be explored. Materials and Methods: We examined ERO1L expression in different cancer types using cBioPortal and Oncomine exploration tools. Next, we analyzed ERO1L levels in pancreatic cancer and healthy tissues via online public databases. The prognostic value of ERO1L and its correlation with clinopathological features were investigated using the UCSC, TNMplot and cBioPortal databases. The correlation analyses were then performed using data obtained from GEPIA, cBioPortal and the Gene Expression Omnibus. Results: The enzyme ERO1L was found to be highly expressed in pancreatic cancer and elevated in tumor compared to healthy tissue. Its levels correlated with the hypoxia level and ER stress activation status of the pancreatic cancer tissues. ERO1L and VEGFA levels were also found to be correlated exclusively in tumor tissue, thus underlying its pro-oncogenic nature. Conclusion: Oxidoreductase ERO1L is a potential prognostic marker and its oncogenic effects might be regulated via hypoxia/ER stress/ERO1L/VEGFA axis in pancreatic cancer.
Muscle fatique and muscle damage in strength training

Background and Study Aim. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of different types of contractions on muscle damage and muscle fatigue in sedentary individuals. Material and Methods. Thirty healthy male sedentary individuals participated in the study. Strength training in different types of contractions applied in the study was applied 3 times a week for 8 weeks. Before the study, the training loads were determined by making maximal force measurements of all subjects. The 30 subjects participating in the study were divided into 3 groups: isometric (n = 10), concentric (n = 10) and eccentric (n = 10) contraction group. Appropriate amount of blood samples was taken from the elbow vein 2 times from all subjects, before the studies and at the end of the 8-week strength training. Results. It was observed that eight-week strength training did not cause muscle fatigue in all groups and did not create a statistically significant difference (P> 0.05). Strength training with isometric and concentric contractions for eight weeks significantly increased serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP), myoglobin (Mb), interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels, while concentric strength training significantly reduced serum aspartate amino transferase (AST) levels. Strength training with eccentric contractions significantly increased serum LDH, CRP, AST, Mb and IL-6 levels, while significantly reducing serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels. Strength training with eccentric contractions significantly increased serum creatine kinase (CK), CRP, AST, IL-6 and Mb levels compared to strength training with isometric and concentric contractions at the end of the eight-week study period, but did not show the same significant effect in other parameters. Conclusions. As a result, it can be said that eccentric strength training performed in sedentary individuals leads to more muscle damage than isometric and concentric strength training.
Moderate Effects of School-Based Time Increasing Physical Education Intervention on Physical Fitness and Activity of 7-Year Pupils—A Report from a Follow-Up of a HCSC Study

We evaluated the effectiveness of a 15-week intervention that increased from three to five lessons of physical education (PE) a week on 7-year-old boys’ and girls’ physical fitness (PF), physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour on week and weekend days. A total of 212 first grade pupils (mean age 6.95 ± 0.43) from two urban schools in Poznań were randomly assigned to the experimental or control groups. The PF was measured with a battery of field tests, while health-related behaviours were assessed with the Healthy Children in Sound Communities questionnaire. There were some interaction effects noticed in the PF scores in the case of a 20-min run for boys (F2,196 = 5.29, p = 0.0058) and for girls (F2,220 = 3.31, p = 0.0382) and the sit-ups test for boys (F2,196 = 1.93, p = 0.1478) and for girls (F2,220 = 3.98, p = 0.0201) and for the sit and reach test in the case of girls (F2,220 = 3.98, p = 0.0201). In terms of outdoor PA levels, there were no major differences between any of the examined groups. Differences were found between girls from the experimental and control groups in the post-test (p = 0.0107) and follow-up (p = 0.0390) during the weekdays, with no differences between the groups of boys. Despite the moderate effects of the extended PE time programme right after the intervention, there were some indications of progress in the follow-up experiments.