Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Statins and 90-Day Functional Performance and Survival in Patients with Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Background: The neuroprotective effect of statins has become a focus of interest in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH). The purpose of this study was: (1) to evaluate the effect of statin use by the analyzed patients with sICH in the period preceding the onset of hemorrhage on their baseline neurological status and baseline neuroimaging of the head; (2) to evaluate the effect of statin use in the acute period of hemorrhage on the course and prognosis in the in-hospital period, taking into account whether the statin was taken before the hemorrhage or only after its onset; (3) to evaluate the effect of continuing statin treatment after in-hospital treatment on the functional performance and survival of patients up to 90 days after the onset of sICH symptoms, taking into account whether the statin was taken before the onset of sICH. Material and Methods: A total of 153 patients diagnosed with sICH were analyzed, where group I were not previously taking a statin and group II were taking a statin before sICH onset. After lipidogram assessment, group I was divided into patients without dyslipidemia and without statin treatment (Ia) and patients with dyslipidemia who received de novo statin treatment during hospitalization (Ib). Group II patients continued taking statin therapy. We evaluated the effect of prior statin use on the severity of hemorrhage; the effect of statin use during the acute period of sICH on its in-hospital course; and the effect of statin treatment on the severity of neurological deficit, functional capacity and survival of patients up to 90 days after the onset of sICH symptoms. Results: There was no effect of prior statin use on the severity of hemorrhage as assessed clinically and by neuroimaging of the head. At in-hospital follow-up, subgroup Ia was the least favorable in terms of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score. This subgroup had the highest percentage of deaths during hospitalization. In the post-hospital period, the greatest number of patients with improvement in the NIHSS, modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and Barthel scales were among those taking statins, especially group II patients. At 90-day follow-up, survival analysis fell significantly in favor of subgroup Ib and group II. Conclusions: 1. The use of statins in the pre-sICH period did not adversely affect the patients’ baseline neurological status or the results of baseline neuroimaging studies. 2. Continued statin therapy prior to the onset of sICH or the inclusion of statins in acute treatment in patients with sICH and dyslipidemia does not worsen the course of the disease and the in-hospital prognosis. Statin therapy should not be discontinued during the acute phase of sICH. 3. To conclude the eventual beneficial effect on the functional performance and survival of patients after sICH onset, comparability of the analyzed groups in terms of clinical, radiological and other prognostic factors in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage would be needed. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Oxime-Linked Peptide–Daunomycin Conjugates as Good Tools for Selection of Suitable Homing Devices in Targeted Tumor Therapy: An Overview

Chemotherapy is still one of the main therapeutic approaches in cancer therapy. Nevertheless, its poor selectivity causes severe toxic side effects that, together with the development of drug resistance in tumor cells, results in a limitation for its application. Tumor-targeted drug delivery is a possible choice to overcome these drawbacks. As well as monoclonal antibodies, peptides are promising targeting moieties for drug delivery. However, the development of peptide–drug conjugates (PDCs) is still a big challenge. The main reason is that the conjugates have to be stable in circulation, but the drug or its active metabolite should be released efficiently in the tumor cells. For this purpose, suitable linker systems are needed that connect the drug molecule with the homing peptide. The applied linker systems are commonly categorized as cleavable and non-cleavable linkers. Both the groups possess advantages and disadvantages that are summarized briefly in this manuscript. Moreover, in this review paper, we highlight the benefit of oxime-linked anthracycline–peptide conjugates in the development of PDCs. For instance, straightforward synthesis as well as a conjugation reaction proceed in excellent yields, and the autofluorescence of anthracyclines provides a good tool to select the appropriate homing peptides. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these conjugates can be used properly in in vivo studies. The results indicate that the oxime-linked PDCs are potential candidates for targeted tumor therapy.
Use of an Electronic Nose To Diagnose Mycobacterium bovis Infection in Badgers and Cattle

ABSTRACT It is estimated that more than 50 million cattle are infected with Mycobacterium bovis worldwide, resulting in severe economic losses. Current diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in cattle relies on tuberculin skin testing, and when combined with the slaughter of test-positive animals, it has significantly reduced the incidence of bovine TB. The failure to eradicate bovine TB in Great Britain has been attributed in part to a reservoir of the infection in badgers (Meles meles). Accurate and reliable diagnosis of infection is the cornerstone of TB control. Bacteriological diagnosis has these characteristics, but only with samples collected postmortem. Unlike significant wild animal reservoirs of M. bovis that are considered pests in other countries, such as the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) in New Zealand, the badger and its sett are protected under United Kingdom legislation (The Protection of Badgers Act 1992). Therefore, an accurate in vitro test for badgers is needed urgently to determine the extent of the reservoir of infection cheaply and without destroying badgers. For cattle, a rapid on-farm test to complement the existing tests (the skin test and gamma interferon assay) would be highly desirable. To this end, we have investigated the potential of an electronic nose (EN) to diagnose infection of cattle or badgers with M. bovis, using a serum sample. Samples were obtained from both experimentally infected badgers and cattle, as well as naturally infected badgers. Without exception, the EN was able to discriminate infected animals from controls as early as 3 weeks after infection with M. bovis, the earliest time point examined postchallenge. The EN approach described here is a straightforward alternative to conventional methods of TB diagnosis, and it offers considerable potential as a sensitive, rapid, and cost-effective means of diagnosing M. bovis infection in cattle and badgers.
Localization Techniques for Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have recently emerges as promising technology in wireless communication field and gained special attention by research groups. It uses small and cheap gadgets with low energy requirements and limited on board computing resourceswhich communicates with each other’s or base stations without any pre-defined infrastructure. The property of being infrastructure less makes it suitable in distinctive application situations including remotemonitoring, disaster management, military applications and biomedical health observing devices. In many of these applications, node localization is unavoidably one of the important system parameters for example in target tracking if the nodes are not able to obtain the accurate location information, the related task cannot be performed.It is also helpful in routing, network coverage and quarry management of sensors. In general the localization techniques are ordered into two general classifications: range based and range free. In this paper, we discussed the various localization algorithms with their applicable areas, requirements and limitations. Moreover, on conclusion we compare these localization algorithms and analyze the future research directions for the localization algorithms in WSNs.
Complexity of Decision Problems for XML Schemas and Chain Regular Expressions

We study the complexity of the inclusion, equivalence, and intersection problem of extended chain regular expressions (eCHAREs). These are regular expressions with a very simple structure: they basically consist of the concatenation of factors, where each factor is a disjunction of strings, possibly extended with “$*$”, “$+$”, or “$? $”. Though of a very simple form, the usage of such expressions is widespread as eCHAREs, for instance, constitute a super class of the regular expressions most frequently used in practice in schema languages for XML. In particular, we show that all our lower and upper bounds for the inclusion and equivalence problem carry over to the corresponding decision problems for extended context-free grammars, and to single-type and restrained competition tree grammars. These grammars form abstractions of document type definitions (DTDs), XML schema definitions (XSDs) and the class of one-pass preorder typeable XML Schemas, respectively. For the intersection problem, we show that obtained complexities only carry over to DTDs. In this respect, we also study two other classes of regular expressions related to XML: deterministic expressions and expressions where the number of occurrences of alphabet symbols is bounded by a constant.
Balanced Linked Adaptation Congestion Control Algorithm for MPTCP

This document describes the mechanism of Balia, the "Balanced linked adaptation", which is a congestion control algorithm for Multipath TCP (MPTCP). The recent proposals, LIA and OLIA, suffer from either unfriendliness to Single Path TCP (SPTCP) or unresponsiveness to network changes under certain conditions. The tradeoff between friendliness and responsiveness is inevitable, but Balia judiciously balances this tradeoff based on a new design framework that allows one to systematically explore the design space. Balia has been implemented in the Linux kernel and also included in the UCLouvain's MPTCP implementation.
Developer Recommendation with Awareness of Accuracy and Cost

As the scale and complexity of software products increase, software maintenance on bug resolution has become a challenging work. In the process of software implementation, developers often use bug reports, source code and change history to help solve bugs. However, hundreds of bug reports are being submitted every day. It is time-consuming and effortless for developers to review all the bug reports. To facilitate the assignment of bug reports, existing developer recommendation systems typically recommend the developer who has the fullest potential. However, bug reports are highly varied; time that the developers may spend fixing them is also important. To address the problem of developer recommendation, we propose a developer recommendation system with awareness of accuracy and cost (DRAC). This recommendation system is based on modern portfolio theory by striking a balance between accuracy and cost (time). We evaluate our approach with experiments on data collected from Bugzilla 1 . Keywords—Recommendation System; Portfolio Theory; Bug Triage; Accuracy and Cost
Stu2, the Budding Yeast XMAP215/Dis1 Homolog, Promotes Assembly of Yeast Microtubules by Increasing Growth Rate and Decreasing Catastrophe Frequency*

Background: The reported inhibition of microtubule growth by Stu2 is difficult to reconcile with its cellular phenotypes. Results: Using microscopy assays, we found that Stu2 increases the growth rate and decreases the catastrophe frequency of yeast microtubules. Conclusion: Stu2 promotes microtubule growth, with considerably higher activity on budding yeast microtubules. Significance: The biochemical properties of Stu2 reported here account for the mitotic phenotypes observed in cells. Stu2 is the budding yeast member of the XMAP215/Dis1 family of microtubule polymerases. It is essential in cell division, allowing proper spindle orientation and metaphase chromosome alignment, as well as spindle elongation during anaphase. Despite Stu2 having a phenotype that suggests it promotes microtubule growth, like the other members of the XMAP215/Dis1 family, previous studies with purified Stu2 indicate only that it antagonizes microtubule growth. One potential explanation for these contradictory findings is that the assays were performed with mammalian brain tubulin, which may not be the right substrate to test the activity of Stu2 given that yeast and brain tubulins are quite divergent in sequence and that the vertebrate tubulins are subject to many post-translational modifications. To test this possibility, we reconstituted the activity of Stu2 with purified budding yeast tubulin. We found that Stu2 accelerated microtubule growth in yeast tubulin by severalfold, similar to the acceleration reported for XMAP215 in porcine brain tubulin. Furthermore, Stu2 accelerated polymerization in yeast tubulin to a much greater extent than in porcine brain tubulin, and the concentration of Stu2 required to reach 50% maximum activity in yeast tubulin was nearly 2 orders of magnitude lower than that in porcine brain tubulin. We conclude that Stu2 is a microtubule polymerase, like its relatives, and that its activity is considerably higher in yeast tubulin compared with mammalian brain tubulin. The biochemical properties of Stu2 reported here account for many of the phenotypes of Stu2 observed in cells.
Media and power

General Introduction: Section One: MEDIA HISTORY: 1. Rival Narratives of Media History. 2. New Media and Power. 3. Capitalism and Control of the Press. Section Two: MEDIA SOCIOLOGY: 4. New Revisionism in Mass Communication Research. 5. Media Sociology: Renewing the Radical Tradition. 6. Globalisation Theory: The Absent Debate. Section Three: MEDIA POLITICS 7. Globalisation, Social Change and Television Reform. 8. Media and Democracy: The Third Way. Sources.
Single-case research design and analysis : new directions for psychology and education

Preface. 1. Thomas R. Kratochwill Single-Case Research Design and Analysis: An Overview 2. Barry S. Parsonson and Donald M. Baer The Visual Analysis of Data, and Current Research into the Stimuli Controlling It 3. Richard McCleary and Wayne N. Welsh Philosophical and Statistical Foundations of Time-Series Experiments 4. Bruce E. Wampold The Intensive Examination of Social Interaction 5. Eugene S. Edgington Nonparametric Tests for Single-Case Experiments 6. Patricia L. Busk and Leonard A. Marascuilo Statistical Analysis in Single-Case Research: Issues, Procedures, and Recommendations, with Applications to Multiple Behaviors 7. Patricia L. Busk and Ronald C. Serlin Meta-analysis for Single-Case Research 8. Joel R. Levin Single-Case Research Design and Analysis: Comments and Concerns. Author Index. Subject Index.
Ideo-motor action.

T h e theory of ideo-motor action has been for a generation one of the stock ”laws” of orthodox psychology. It is taught as almost axiomatic in standard treatises-is made the explanatory principle for phenomena of suggestion, hypnotism, obsessions and the like-and is used as the basis for recommended practices in education, psychiatry, religion-even in salesmanship and advertising. In spite of contrary evidence brought forward by Kirkpatrick, Woodworth, Burnett, and others, probably nine out of ten of the members of this association believe, or think that they believe, in one or another form of this doctrine that an idea tends to produce the act which it represents or resembles or is ”an idea of,” or ”has as its object. ” Against this most respectable doctrine I early rebelled, and I somewhat greedily seize this occasion, which requires that in courtesy you listen to me for an hour, to justify this apostasy and convert you also, if I
Multiple Sources of Striatal Inhibition Are Differentially Affected in Huntington's Disease Mouse Models

In Huntington's disease (HD) mouse models, spontaneous inhibitory synaptic activity is enhanced in a subpopulation of medium-sized spiny neurons (MSNs), which could dampen striatal output. We examined the potential source(s) of increased inhibition using electrophysiological and optogenetic methods to assess feedback and feedforward inhibition in two transgenic mouse models of HD. Single whole-cell patch-clamp recordings demonstrated that increased GABA synaptic activity impinges principally on indirect pathway MSNs. Dual patch recordings between MSNs demonstrated reduced connectivity between MSNs in HD mice. However, while connectivity was strictly unidirectional in controls, in HD mice bidirectional connectivity occurred. Other sources of increased GABA activity in MSNs also were identified. Dual patch recordings from fast spiking (FS) interneuron–MSN pairs demonstrated greater but variable amplitude responses in MSNs. In agreement, selective optogenetic stimulation of parvalbumin-expressing, FS interneurons induced significantly larger amplitude MSN responses in HD compared with control mice. While there were no differences in responses of MSNs evoked by activating single persistent low-threshold spiking (PLTS) interneurons in recorded pairs, these interneurons fired more action potentials in both HD models, providing another source for increased frequency of spontaneous GABA synaptic activity in MSNs. Selective optogenetic stimulation of somatostatin-expressing, PLTS interneurons did not reveal any significant differences in responses of MSNs in HD mice. These findings provide strong evidence that both feedforward and to a lesser extent feedback inhibition to MSNs in HD can potentially be sources for the increased GABA synaptic activity of indirect pathway MSNs.
EFFICACY OF IRBESARTAN/HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE COMBINATION REGIMEN IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION IN GULF COUNTRIES.

Nooshin Bazargani 1 , Atef Shenouda 2 , Mohammed Ismail 3 , Nand Kishore 4 , Rajeev Chathanath 5 and Rajendra Babu 6 . 1. Dubai Hospital, Dubai, Uae. 2. Al Dallal Medical Complex, Bahrain. 3. Medical And Regulatory Affairs Department, Sanofi, UAE. 4. Riva Laser Medical Center, Dubai, UAE. 5. Atlas Star Medical Center, Muscat, Oman. 6. Apollo Clinic, Doha, Qatar. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History Received: 06 January 2018 Final Accepted: 08 February 2019 Published: March 2019
Discriminative Feature-Rich Modeling for Syntax-Based Machine Translation

Fully-automated, high-quality machine translation promises to revolutionize human communication. But as anyone who has used a machine translation system knows, we are not there yet. In this thesis, we address four areas in which we believe translation quality can be improved across a large number of language pairs. The first relates to flexible tree-to-tree translation modeling. Building translation systems for many language pairs requires addressing a wide range of translation divergence phenomena (Dorr, 1994). Recent research has shown clear improvement in translation quality by exploiting linguistic syntax for either the source or target language (Yamada and Knight, 2001; Galley et al., 2006; Zollmann and Venugopal, 2006; Liu et al., 2006). However, when using syntax for both languages (“tree-to-tree” translation), syntactic divergence hampers the extraction of useful rules (Ding and Palmer, 2005; Cowan et al., 2006; Ambati and Lavie, 2008; Liu et al., 2009a). Recent research shows that using soft constraints can substantially improve performance (Liu et al., 2009a; Chiang, 2010; Zhang et al., 2011; Hanneman and Lavie, 2011). Recently, Smith and Eisner (2006a) developed a flexible family of formalisms that they called quasi-synchronous grammar (QG). QG treats non-isomorphic structure softly using features rather than hard constraints. While a natural fit for syntactic translation modeling, the increased flexibility of the formalism has proved challenging for building real-world systems. In this thesis, we present the first machine translation system based on quasi-synchronous grammar. Relatedly, we seek to unify disparate translation models. In designing a statistical model for translation, a researcher seeks to capture intuitions about how humans translate. This is typically done by specifying the form of translation rules and learning them automatically from large corpora. The current trend is toward larger and increasingly-intricate rules. Some systems use rules with flat phrase mappings (Koehn et al., 2003), while others use rules inspired by linguistic syntax (Yamada and Knight, 2001). Neither is always better than the other (DeNeefe et al., 2007; Birch et al., 2009; Galley and Manning, 2010). In this thesis, we build a system that unifies rules from these two categories in a single model. Specifically, we use rules that combine phrases and dependency syntax by developing a new formalism called quasi-synchronous phrase dependency grammar. In order to build these models, we need learning algorithms that can support feature-rich translation modeling. Due to characteristics of the translation problem, machine learning algorithms change when adapted to machine translation (Och and Ney, 2002; Liang et al., 2006a; Arun and Koehn, 2007; Watanabe et al., 2007; Chiang et al., 2008b), producing a breed of complex
Photosynthetic adaptation and acclimation to exploit seasonal periods of direct irradiance in three temperate, deciduous-forest herbs

Summary 1. We evaluated the potential for three species of deciduous-forest herbs to exploit seasonal periods of direct irradiance. In particular, we investigated the importance of photosynthetic acclimation as a mechanism for shade-tolerant herbs to utilize direct light reaching the forest floor before canopy expansion in the spring and after canopy leaf drop in the autumn. 2. We measured the photosynthetic and growth characteristics of three co-occurring herbs of a northern hardwood forest: the spring ephemeral Allium tricoccum Ait. , the summer-green Viola pubescens Ait. , and the semi-evergreen Tiarella cordifolia L. 3. Leaf CO 2 exchange, leaf mass per area, and leaf biochemistry differed among species and seasonally within species to match the changing light environment below the forest canopy. From spring to summer, as irradiance dropped with the expansion of the overstorey canopy, Viola leaves exhibited reduction of both photosynthetic capacity and light compensation point. Weaker acclimation of less magnitude occurred in Tiarella leaves over the spring‐summer light transition; this was followed by further acclimation to the stronger autumn irradiance. 4. Viola ’s greater range of photosynthetic acclimation was associated with shifts in allocation between Rubisco and chlorophyll, as well as changes in total leaf nitrogen (N) concentration and leaf mass per area (LMA). In contrast, Tiarella ’s narrow range of acclimation was associated solely with changes in allocation to Rubisco versus chlorophyll, with no changes in total leaf N or LMA. 5. Seasonal changes in leaf chemistry and structure in Viola suggest a stepwise ontogeny whereby individual leaves are able to function as ‘sun leaves’ for 3‐5 weeks in the spring, and then as ‘shade leaves’ for up to 3 months in the summer. 6. Whole-plant biomass accumulation showed that all three species accumulated most of their annual biomass increment during periods of direct irradiance. These results demonstrate the importance of brief seasonal periods of strong irradiance to the growth of deciduous forest herbs, even shade-tolerant, summer and evergreen species.