Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to ameliorate adverse effects of ochratoxin on biochemical profile and immune response in broiler chickens

To establish the ochratoxicosis ameliorating efficacy of dietary Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC), day-old broiler chicks (240) were divided into 6 treatment groups (T1, control (basal diet); T2, T1 + 200 ppb OTA; T3, T1 + 0.05% SC; T4, T1 + 0.1% SC; T5, T2 + 0.05% SC and T6, T2 + 0.1% SC). Each diet was fed to 5 replicated groups of 8 birds each from 1 to 42 days of age. The total serum protein and haemoglobin (Hb) in T2 and T5 were lower than that of control (T1). The serum protein and Hb content in group T6 was higher than that of T2 and statistically similar to that of control. The serum uric acid, creatinine, ALP, SGOT, SGPT and H/L ratio in ochratoxin fed group (T2) was higher than that of T1. The serum uric acid, creatinine, ALP, SGOT, SGPT and H/L ratio in T6 was lower than that of T2 and statistically similar to that of T1. The CMI and HA titre value in ochratoxin fed group (T2) was lower than that of T1. The CMI and HA titre value in T5 and T6 was lower than T1 but higher than T2. It was concluded that ochratoxin contamination at 200 ppb level in broiler diet altered the biochemical parameters and immune response. Inclusion of Saccharomyces cerevisiae at 0.1% level to the ochratoxin contaminated diet ameliorated the adverse effects of ochratoxicosis on biochemical parameters and immune response of broiler chickens.
Work Engagement as a Mediator of the Connection Between Compensation and Employee Competence: Evidence from Nigeria

Competence is as an essential attribute of employees which describes their work ability, attitude, knowledge and skills. This study aims to explore whether work engagement as a mediator can influence the link between compensation and employee competence and also establish the nexus between the two variables within the context of Nigeria’s Universal Basic Education System Administration (UBESA). Studies that explore the impact of compensation on employee competence and the mechanism through which it influences employee competence appears to be scarce. The study used a quantitative approach to collect data from 341 randomly selected respondents. The instruments include the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, Compensation Scale and Competency Scale and were adapted from prior studies to suit the current study. SPSS Amos 24 was used to analyze the data. The results revealed that compensation has a significant influence on employee competence and that work engagement mediates the connection between compensation and employee competence. This study contributes theoretically by proposing a new model that examines the mediating effect of work engagement on compensation and employee competence. The findings provide a better insight for the management of Nigeria’s UBESA on how to increase employee competence. Finally, the study offers suggestions for future research.
The electromagnetic wave diffraction from a pyramidal horn antenna in the microwave band

In the microwave band, the radiated wave from the pyramidal horn antenna is calculated in the diffracted field by the Fresnel approximation. In addition, the Fresnel approximation has been introduced into the diffracted field with half infinite diffraction plane. This phenomenon is examined compared with the experiment value based on a hologram interpretation. In this report, the electromagnetic diffracted field with the pyramid horn antenna is calculated as the first stage under the Fresnel approximation. As a result, the hologram was made by interfering with the reference wave whose obtained diffracted field and angle of incidence are 60° on the computer. It can be interpreted that this is one computer generated hologram. Moreover, the image that this hologram pattern is reconstructed in optics with the He-Ne laser was obtained.
Using motion capture technology to assess locomotor development in children

Objective Motor and cognitive development share biological background within the prefrontal cortex and cerebellum. Monitoring motor development is relevant to identify children at risk of developmental delays. However, access to timely assessment is prevented by its availability and cost. Affordable motion capture technology may provide an alternative to human assessment. Methods MotorSense uses this technology to guide and assess children executing age-related developmental motor tasks. It incorporates advanced heuristics informed by pattern recognition principles based on the developmental sequences of motor skills. MotorSense was evaluated with 16 4–6 year-old children from a rural primary school. Results A total of 506 jumps, 2415 steps and 831 hops were analysed. The analysis illustrates MotorSense Accuracy (MA), recognising jump forward (89.96%), jump high (83.34%), jump sideway (85.63%), hop (74.58%) and jog (92.34%), is as good as the sensor's precision. The analysis of the tasks’ execution shows a high level of agreement between human and MotorSense's assessment on jump forward (91%), jump high (99%), jump sideway (93%), hop (94%) and jog (92%). Conclusions MotorSense helps address the shortage of affordable technologies to support the assessment of motor development using graded age-related developmental motor tasks. Furthermore, it could contribute towards the tele-detection of motor developmental delays.
Nuclear Modification of Hard Scattering Processes in Small Systems at PHENIX

Collisions of small systems at RHIC exhibit a significant suppression of the nuclear modification factor $R_{xA}$ of jets and high momentum neutral pions in events with large event activity. This suppression is accompanied by an enhancement of $R_{xA}$ in events with low event activity. Since event activity is commonly interpreted as a measure of the centrality of the collisions, these results call into question any interpretation of the suppression in central collisions that invokes energy loss in a QGP produced small systems. In this talk, we will compare prompt photon to $\pi^0$ production measured by PHENIX in d+Au collision at $\sqrt{s}=200\,GeV$ to demonstrate that the apparent centrality dependence is not related to a nuclear modification of hard scattering processes, but likely due to deviations from the proportionality of event activity and centrality in the underlying standard Glauber model calculations. Furthermore, we will use prompt photon production in d+Au relative to p+p collisions to empirically determine the effective number of binary collisions $N_{coll}$ of a given event sample. We find that for all event selections, except for those with the highest event activity, $R_{xA}$ of $\pi^0$ is consistent with unity. By comparing p+Au and d+Au collisions, we will investigate the significance of the remaining suppression of high $p_{T}$ $\pi^0$ production in events with high event activity.
Formation of the infrared emission lines of Mg I in the solar atmosphere

A non-LTE radiative transfer investigation of the emission lines is conducted at 7 and 12 microns using a realistic atomic model for neutral magnesium. An average quiet sun atmospheric model is used to calculate emission-line profiles that resemble the observed ones, i.e., broad absorption troughs with narrow central emission, and significant limb brightening. The charge exchange rates are found to be significant, but the effects of high-n coupling between Mg and Mg(+) together with radiative low-n transitions are of greater importance. It is confirmed that the emission cores are formed no higher than the temperature minimum region, and that the emission is caused by non-LTE effects rather than by the chromospheric temperature rise. It is inferred from the model calculations that the line core is sensitive to magnetic fields located almost 400 km above those measured in ordinary magnetograms; the gas pressure decreases 20-fold between these two heights.
A photoelectrochemical determination of the position of the conduction and valence band edges of p‐type CuO

Lithium‐doped p‐type CuO is a low mobility semiconductor with an indirect band gap of 1.35 eV and a flatband potential of +0.55 V, with respect to the saturated calomel electrode (SCE), when in contact with an electrolyte at a pH of 9.4. Its valence band lies 5.42 eV below the vacuum level and is made up mainly from the Cu2+−3d wavefunctions. An oxygen‐2p type band is at 7.33 eV, in agreement with a semi‐empirical estimate. Its performance as a photoelectrode for the solar photoelectrolysis of water is rather poor, due to the presence of recombination centers in the band gap and its chemical instability. As photoelectrolysis electrodes, oxides with 3d‐type valence bands may have advantages over the more common oxides with 2p‐type valence bands.
Introduction to Dusty Plasma Physics

The book Introduction to Plasma Physics by Shukla and Mamun deals with various aspects of collective processes in dusty plasmas. The first introductory chapters review dust charging and the forces on dust grains in the plasma. The next two chapters give an elaborate description of the various waves and instabilities present in plasmas. In our opinion this makes the book a must for scientists involved in dusty plasma research as for the first time these phenomena are clearly explained and catalogued in a single work. Magnetic as well as non-magnetic plasmas are treated and where applicable examples from laboratory or space plasmas are given. The text is suitable for graduate level teaching as well as referencing purposes. The authors state in the preface: `This book has grown out of research work on topics on which the authors have spent a considerable amount of time and thought. ' This explains the final chapters of the book, where `hot topics' on respectively elongated grains, non-linear waves and dust crystals are discussed. Since these chapters deal with state-of-the-art research, the results are inevitably not presented in a systematic way, but rather as a compilation of recent papers. Throughout the book the subject is treated using a theoretical approach. This makes it complementary to the book Dusty Plasmas: Physics, Chemistry and Technological Impacts in Plasma Processing edited by A Bouchoule which takes an applied approach. The research on dusty plasmas is a relatively new and rapidly expanding area of science. This book will serve as a handbook on waves and instabilities dusty plasmas in the coming years. But the character of the last chapters shows that more is to come in this exciting field of research. E Stoffels and W W Stoffels
GLINTS FROM CIRRUS CLOUDS, SNOW BLANKETS, AND SEA SURFACES

Glints are bright spots observed in the case of light specular reflectance. They are used mainly for retrieval of the probability density function of wave slopes in the seas. On the other hand, they are useful for studying particulate media like cirrus clouds. In this paper, a general theory applicable for both media is presented.
Rank Based Dickey–Fuller Test Statistics

This article provides various comprehensive comparisons between Breitung–Gouriéroux and Granger–Hallman rank statistics for the unit root test. New analytical asymptotic properties for the Granger–Hallman rank statistic are demonstrated. The statistic is of a Dickey–Fuller type, where the observations are replaced with their rank counterparts. Weak convergence results are given for the nonstationary random walk process when the errors are assumed to have higher than two moments. Empirical percentiles of both Breitung–Gouriéroux and Granger–Hallman rank statistics are presented for different sample sizes. In addition, empirical powers and sizes for these rank statistics and for the Dickey–Fuller test statistic are shown for different distributions of the error terms.
Extracting the Main Content of Web Pages Using the First Impression Area

Extracting the main content from a web page is essential in various applications such as web crawlers and browser reader modes. Existing extraction methods using text-based algorithms and features for English text can be ineffective for non-English web pages. This study proposes a main content extraction method that obtains visual and structural features from the rendered web page. Our method uses the first impression area (FIA), a part of a web page that users initially view. In this area, websites have applied many techniques that enable users to find the main content easily. Using the non-textual properties in the FIA, our method selects three points with high content area density and expands the area from each point until it meets several structural and visual-based conditions. We evaluated our method, browsers’ (Mozilla Firefox and Google Chrome) reader modes, and existing main content extraction methods on multilingual datasets using two measures: Longest Common Subsequences and matched text blocks. The results showed that our method performed better than other methods in both English (up to 46%, matched text blocks <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathrm {\mathbf {F_{0.5}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and non-English (up to 42%, matched text blocks <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathrm {\mathbf {F_{0.5}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) web pages.
Ocean Surface Measurement Using Elevations from GEOS-3 Altimeter

Remote sensing of the ocean surface topography from the GEOS-3 satellite has confirmed that the altimeter can detect the topographic changes relative to an equipotential surface and due to the dynamic processes, thus providing a direct measurement of the geostrophic component of the ocean surface current. Maps of the ocean surface topography calculated over a one-month period, with a 20-cm contour interval, are prepared for the last half of 1975. The Gulf Stream is observed by the rapid slope change shown by the crowding of contours. Cold eddies associated with the current are seen as roughly circular isolated depressions in the open ocean areas.
Successful Implant Placement into a Site with Two Previous Failures: A Clinical and Histological Case Report.

Implants present a predictable fixed option for patients who require tooth extraction. However, complications such as implant failure reduce the success of replacement implant restorations. A patient presented at NYUCD Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry with pain related to a broken implant-supported prosthesis. Two failed implants were removed, and new implants were placed. After delivery of the restoration, the patient reported soreness on implant #20, which was then removed along with a sequestrum of bone and sent for biopsy. A new implant was placed and restored successfully at the 1-year follow-up. The purpose of this case report is to demonstrate that with proper planning, surgery and restoration a new implant can be successfully placed and restored in a site with two previous failures.
Phonon dispersion in uranium measured using inelastic x-ray scattering

Phonon-dispersion curves were obtained from inelastic x-ray scattering measurements on high-purity uranium single crystals at room temperature. Modes displacing atoms along [00{zeta}] and propagating in all three high-symmetry directions were measured. Whereas the acoustic modes agree with the neutron measurements, the longitudinal-optic branch is about 10% higher in energy, but consistent with higher cutoff energies observed in phonon density-of-states measurements on polycrystals. The application of this x-ray technique, which requires only very small samples, opens possibilities in actinide science.
Optically imprinted reconfigurable photonic elements in a VO2 nanocomposite

We investigate the optical and thermal hysteresis of single-domain vanadium dioxide nanocrystals fabricated by ion beam synthesis in a fused silica matrix. The nanocrystals exhibit a giant hysteresis, which permits to optically generate a long-time stable supercooled metallic phase persistent down to practically room temperature. Spatial patterns of supercooled and insulating nanocrystals feature a large dielectric contrast, in particular, for telecom wavelengths. We utilize this contrast to optically imprint reconfigurable photonic elements comprising diffraction gratings as well as on- and off-axis zone plates. The structures allow for highly repetitive (>104) cycling through the phase transition without structural damage.
On the infrared polarization of the Orion Nebula

The implications of the 10-micron polarization of the Orion Nebula are reexamined, and it is concluded that the polarization is produced by preferential extinction in one of the well-studied regions of the Kleinmann-Low nebula and/or its surroundings. In particular, the need for abnormally low temperatures (about 6 K) in the polarizing medium is obviated. The most likely candidate for the polarizing medium is the extended region surrounding the Kleinmann-Low nebula. The degree of polarization produced by emission in the far-infrared (around 100 microns) is estimated to be as large as 8%, although other factors could reduce the observable value.
Simulation of piezoresistivity in n -type single-crystal silicon on the basis of the first-principles band structure

We have simulated the piezoresistivity in $n$-type single-crystal bulk silicon based on the first-principles electronic band structure of model structures. Our simple procedure to calculate the piezoresistance coefficients is valid qualitatively and quantitatively for carrier electron transport in the multivalley conduction-band structure of $n$-type bulk silicon; the primitive longitudinal and transverse piezoresistance coefficients originate from the energy gap between the valleys, whereas the shear piezoresistance coefficient ${\ensuremath{\pi}}_{44}$ arises from a distortion of the band energy surface in the valleys and can be presented clearly as a negative constant. The distinction between the origins of longitudinal, transverse, and shear piezoresistivity can be followed as a dependence on a carrier concentration or temperature.
Human decimation caused bottleneck effect, genetic drift, and inbreeding in the Canarian houbara bustard

An endangered subspecies of the African houbara bustard, the Canarian houbara ( Chlamydotis undulata fuertaventurae ), is endemic to the Canary Islands off southern Morocco (Lanzar-ote, Fuerteventura, and La Graciosa islands). This population decreased over the last centuries because of hunting and egg collection, and was close to extinction in Lanzarote around the middle of last century. Later, the species recovered because of hunting bans, but in Fuerteventura a significant decline has again occurred in the last decades and houbaras are on the brink of extirpation on that island. We describe the genetic characteristics and recent evolutionary history of this subspecies to provide essential information for the evaluation of the conservation actions implemented and for the develop-ment of new measures to prevent further declines and local extirpations. We amplified microsatellite loci to infer genetic variability, population structure, and gene flow. The subspecies exhibited relatively high genetic variability but reduced heterozygosity. In spite of high gene
Concentrations of N6-Carboxymethyllysine (CML), N6-Carboxyethyllysine (CEL), and Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-Products (sRAGE) Are Increased in Psoriatic Patients

Psoriasis is a chronic, recurrent, and often severe skin disease which is frequently associated with metabolic disorders and increased risk of cardiovascular complications. One of the postulated links is an intensified process of advanced protein glycation and/or glycoxidation. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess concentrations of N6-carboxymethyllysine (CML), N6-carboxyethyllysine (CEL), and soluble form of receptor for advanced glycation end-products (sRAGE) in psoriasis patients at different phases of the disease activity, in comparison to healthy individuals. The study material consisted of sera from psoriasis patients in active phase, in the remission phase, and healthy controls. Concentrations of CML, CEL, and sRAGE were determined using ELISA technique. In the patients with psoriasis (in both phases of the disease), concentrations of CML, CEL and sRAGE were significantly higher than in healthy individuals but they did not correlate with psoriasis area severity index (PASI) values. The remission of the disease was followed by a significant decrease in CML, CEL, and sRAGE concentrations when compared to active patients; however, these concentrations were still significantly higher than in the controls. Our data suggest that psoriasis is accompanied by an intense glycoxidation process and that high sRAGE levels seem to reflect permanent RAGE overstimulation.
A multiple sclerosis–protective coding variant reveals an essential role for HDAC7 in regulatory T cells

Genome-wide association studies identifying hundreds of susceptibility loci for autoimmune diseases indicate that genes active in immune cells predominantly mediate risk. However, identification and functional characterization of causal variants remain challenging. Here, we focused on the immunomodulatory role of a protective variant of histone deacetylase 7 (HDAC7). This variant (rs148755202, HDAC7.p.R166H) was identified in a study of low-frequency coding variation in multiple sclerosis (MS). Through transcriptomic analyses, we demonstrate that wild-type HDAC7 regulates genes essential for the function of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), an immunosuppressive subset of CD4 T cells that is generally dysfunctional in patients with MS. Moreover, Treg-specific conditional hemizygous deletion of HDAC7 increased the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE), a mouse model of neuroinflammation. In contrast, Tregs transduced with the protective HDAC7 R166H variant exhibited higher suppressive capacity in an in vitro functional assay, mirroring phenotypes previously observed in patient samples. In vivo modeling of the human HDAC7 R166H variant by generation of a knock-in mouse model bearing an orthologous R150H substitution demonstrated decreased EAE severity linked to transcriptomic alterations of brain-infiltrating Tregs, as assessed by single-cell RNA sequencing. Our data suggest that dysregulation of epigenetic modifiers, a distinct molecular class associated with disease risk, may influence disease onset. Last, our approach provides a template for the translation of genetic susceptibility loci to detailed functional characterization, using in vitro and in vivo modeling. Description The HDAC7 R166H variant increases Treg cell function and decreases disease severity in an murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model. Regulating neuroinflammation Regulating neuroinflammationA variant in histone deacetylase 7 (HDAC7), R166H, was previously associated with reduced risk of developing multiple sclerosis. Here, Axisa et al. aimed to understand why this was the case. Through mechanistic studies, the authors found that HDAC7 was essential for regulating proper regulatory T (Treg) cell function. Mice with Treg cells lacking HDAC7 developed more severe disease in the context of experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE). In contrast, when Treg cells expressed an orthologous substitution to the human R166H variant (R150H), mice developed less severe EAE. These data highlight a role for HDAC7 in Treg cells and may explain why the R116H variant reduces risk of developing multiple sclerosis. -CM