Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Weed Control in Soybean with Preemergence- and Postemergence-applied Herbicides

In the past 20 years, weed control in soybean (Glycine max) was mainly based on postemergence (POST) applications of glyphosate, which resulted in glyphosate-resistant weeds. Herbicide-resistant weeds warrants evaluation of new strategies for effective control. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of herbicides applied preemergence (PRE) and POST on 11 agronomic weeds in eastern Nebraska. The study was conducted in 2014 and 2015 in Concord, NE. The best PRE-applied treatments were metolachlor + imazethapyr, fomesafen + imazethapyr, flumioxazin + imazethapyr, and flumioxazin + metribuzin, which controlled broadleaf and grass weed species 390 and 380%, respectively. However, weed control with POST herbicides was more variable, ranging from 19 to 91%. The POST-applied fomesafen and fomesafen + imazethapyr controlled ivyleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea), common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album), common waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus), and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) 385%. Greater soybean yields were achieved with most PRE-applied herbicides and POST-applied fomesafen + imazethapyr only. Metolachlor + imazethapyr, metolachlor, and fomesafen applied PRE protected soybean yields better than when applied POST. Results suggested that PRE-applied herbicide mixtures of different sites of action are the base for controlling weeds and protecting soybean yields in eastern Nebraska. T adoption of glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybean changed the herbicide use patterns for over a decade (from 2000 to 2010) from PRE followed by POST herbicide application to primarily POST, mostly based on glyphosate (Duke, 2015; Givens et al., 2009; Powles, 2008). However, overreliance on glyphosate resulted in weed species shifts and evolution to GR weeds (Culpepper, 2006; Johnson et al., 2009; Owen, 2008; Webster and Nichols, 2012). Currently, there are six cases of GR weeds in Nebraska (Heap, 2017), and new cases are expected to appear shortly. Therefore, there is an urgent need for reducing glyphosate dependence in soybean. In soybean weed management, a strategy might be to include herbicide programs with effective PREand POST-applied herbicide mixtures of different site(s) of action (SOA) (Norsworthy et al., 2012). Published in Crop Forage Turfgrass Manage. Volume 3. doi:10.2134/cftm2016.05. 0040 © 2017 American Society of Agronomy and Crop Science Society of America 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison, WI 53711 All rights reserved. Published online June 1, 2017
Endemic Infection of the Amphibian Chytrid Fungus in a Frog Community Post-Decline

The chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis has been implicated in the decline and extinction of numerous frog species worldwide. In Queensland, Australia, it has been proposed as the cause of the decline or apparent extinction of at least 14 high-elevation rainforest frog species. One of these, Taudactylus eungellensis, disappeared from rainforest streams in Eungella National Park in 1985–1986, but a few remnant populations were subsequently discovered. Here, we report the analysis of B. dendrobatidis infections in toe tips of T. eungellensis and sympatric species collected in a mark-recapture study between 1994 and 1998. This longitudinal study of the fungus in individually marked frogs sheds new light on the effect of this threatening infectious process in field, as distinct from laboratory, conditions. We found a seasonal peak of infection in the cooler months, with no evidence of interannual variation. The overall prevalence of infection was 18% in T. eungellensis and 28% in Litoria wilcoxii/jungguy, a sympatric frog that appeared not to decline in 1985–1986. No infection was found in any of the other sympatric species. Most importantly, we found no consistent evidence of lower survival in T. eungellensis that were infected at the time of first capture, compared with uninfected individuals. These results refute the hypothesis that remnant populations of T. eungellensis recovered after a B. dendrobatidis epidemic because the pathogen had disappeared. They show that populations of T. eungellensis now persist with stable, endemic infections of B. dendrobatidis.
Strain analysis of protein structures and low dimensionality of mechanical allosteric couplings

Significance Regulation of biochemical activity is essential for proper cell growth and metabolism. Many proteins’ activities are regulated by interactions with other molecules binding some distance away from the proteins’ active sites. In such allosteric proteins, active sites should thus be mechanically coupled to spatially removed regulatory regions. We studied crystal and NMR structures of proteins in various regulatory and ligand-binding states. We calculated and analyzed distributions of strains throughout several proteins. Strains reveal allosteric and active sites and suggest that quasi-two-dimensional strained surfaces mediate mechanical couplings between them. Strain analysis of widely available structural data can illuminate protein function and guide future experimental investigation. In many proteins, especially allosteric proteins that communicate regulatory states from allosteric to active sites, structural deformations are functionally important. To understand these deformations, dynamical experiments are ideal but challenging. Using static structural information, although more limited than dynamical analysis, is much more accessible. Underused for protein analysis, strain is the natural quantity for studying local deformations. We calculate strain tensor fields for proteins deformed by ligands or thermal fluctuations using crystal and NMR structure ensembles. Strains—primarily shears—show deformations around binding sites. These deformations can be induced solely by ligand binding at distant allosteric sites. Shears reveal quasi-2D paths of mechanical coupling between allosteric and active sites that may constitute a widespread mechanism of allostery. We argue that strain—particularly shear—is the most appropriate quantity for analysis of local protein deformations. This analysis can reveal mechanical and biological properties of many proteins.
An analysis of the practical DPG method

We give a complete error analysis of the Discontinuous Petrov Galerkin (DPG) method, accounting for all the approximations made in its practical implementation. Specifi­ cally, we consider the DPG method that uses a trial space consisting of polynomials of degree p on each mesh element. Earlier works showed that there is a "trial-to-test" operator T, which when applied to the trial space, defines a test space that guarantees stability. In DPG formulations, this operator T is local: it can be applied element-by-element. However, an infinite dimensional problem on each mesh element needed to be solved to apply T. In prac­ tical computations, T is approximated using polynomials of some degree r > p on each mesh element. We show that this approximation maintains optimal convergence rates, provided that r 2: p + N, where N is the space dimension (two or more), for the Laplace equation. We also prove a similar result for the DPG method for linear elasticity. Remarks on the conditioning of the stiffness matrix in DPG methods are also included.
Primary sensitization to Morus alba

M ORUS ALBA (MA) is a tree belonging to the Moraceae fatnily. The involvement of MA pollen (MAp) in eases of respiratory allergy (1) and in contact urticaria has been recently reported (2). The leaves of MA are deeiduous, and are used to feed silkworms. The fruit, the mulberry (MAf), is occasionally eaten in Spain, where MA ean be found as an ornamental tree. Our bibliographic search found no report of MA leaves (MAI) or fruit as a souree of allergens. The ease of a 46-year-old wotnan is described. She had been previously diagnosed as having rhinitis and extrinsic asthtna due to hypersensitivity to several pollens {Olea europaea, Chenopoditim album, Salsola kali, and Plantago lanceolata) and oral allergy syndrome caused by fruits (Rosaeeae). Apart from the MA pollination period, she developed several episodes of asthma when she was near MAI and then presented an anaphylaetic reaetion after eating a mulberry. Priek tests with the usual pollens (ALK Abello SA, Madrid, Spain) were perfonned, including MAp extract (5% w/v). As expressed by the largest diameter, the tests were positive to Alnus (10 mm), Betula (12 mm), Olea (5 tnm), MAp (5 mm), Salsola (10 mm), Chenopodium (10 mm), and Plantago (6 mm). Priek tests with MAI and MAf (both 5% w/v) gave 7 and 11 mm, respectively. The prick test with natural fruits (Rosaeeae) was positive with apple, peaeh, pear, cherry, and mulberry In three control pollinosis patients, priek tests with MA extracts (pollen, leaf, and fruit) were negative. The nonspecific bronchial provocation test (BPT) with methaeholine was positive (PDjo FEV 7.5 UA). A speeific BPT with MAp extract (10% w/v) and MAI and MAf (5% w/v) was perfonned after we had administered to the patient and the three control subjeets an end-point prick test, beginning with the inhalation of the concentration that had produced a 3-mm wheal. This determined whether to begin the BPT with 1/100 MAp and 1/10000 MAI and MAf extracts, which the patient inhaled as a flow volume (2 tnl, 2 min) at 8 1/min. FEV I measurements after 10 and 20 min were performed. In the 30th min, an increased concentration was administered if there was not a fall of more than 20% in the FEV,
Sentiment classification via l2-norm deep belief network

Automatic analysis of sentiments expressed in large scale online reviews is very important for intelligent business applications. Sentiment classification is the most popular task of sentiment analysis, which is more challenging than traditional topic-based text classification. Basic features, such as vocabulary words, are not enough to classify sentiments well. Deep Belief Network (DBN) is introduced to discover more abstract features of sentiments. To capture full information of the features, large-size network can be constructed, but at the same time, large-size network tends to over fit the training data and even noise, which will reduce the generalization ability of the network. In this paper, L2-norm Deep Belief Network (L2DBN) is proposed, which uses L2-norm regularization to optimize the network parameters of DBN. L2DBN is first initialized by an unsupervised layer-wise training algorithm, and then fine-tuned by a supervised procedure. Network parameters are optimized using both classification loss and network complexity. Experimental results show that the proposed L2DBN outperforms the state-of-the-art method and the basic DBN on golden, noisy and heterogeneous datasets.
dentification of Aldh 1 a , Cyp 26 and RAR orthologs in protostomes pushes back he retinoic acid genetic machinery in evolutionary time to the bilaterian ancestor

In vertebrates, retinoic acid (RA) is an important morphogenetic signal that controls embryonic development, as well as organ homeostasis in adults. RA action depends on the function of the RA-genetic machinery, which includes a metabolic module and a signaling module. The metabolic module regulates the spatiotemporal distribution of RA by the combined action of the RA-synthesizing Aldh1a enzymes, and the RA-degrading Cyp26 enzymes. The signaling module includes members of the nuclear hormone receptors family RAR and RXR, and controls the transcriptional state of RA-target genes. RA-signaling has been described primarily in chordates, but the recent finding of elements of the RA-genetic machinery in non-chordate deuterostomes has changed our perspective on the evolutionary origin of this morphogenetic signal, challenging previous assumptions that related the invention of the RA-genetic machinery rotostomes cdysozoans ophotrocozoans ldh etinaldehyde dehydrogenases ilaterian evolution with the origin of the chordate body plan. To illuminate the evolutionary origin of the RA machinery we have conducted an extensive survey of Aldh1a, Cyp26 and RAR orthologs in genomic databases of 13 nondeuterostome metazoans. Our results show for the first time the presence of Aldh1a, Cyp26 and RAR in protostomes, which implies that the components of the RA machinery may be ancient elements of animal genomes, already present in the last common ancestor of bilaterians. Interestingly, our data also reveal that independent losses of the RA toolkit have occurred multiple times during animal evolution, which r the p s h C c o a i a s omparative genomics may have been relevant fo
Media experiences and associations with mental health among the bereaved of the MH17-disaster: A latent profile analysis.

Research has shown that the amount of media exposure is associated with post-event mental health problems. Whether bereaved individuals have negative experiences with media reports and whether they are associated with post-event mental health is unclear. This study evaluated these experiences and associations following the MH17-disaster. How media reports were experienced (nine topics, modified MAS), depression symptoms (QIDS-SR), functional problems (WSAS) and event-related coping-self-efficacy (CSE) were assessed about one year post-disaster (May-August 2015) among Dutch bereaved (N = 152). A substantial minority reported negative experiences such as reports made me angry (30%) and made me sad (48%). Latent profile analysis with symptoms, problems and coping self-efficacy as indicators, identified four classes of post-disaster mental health: a Well-functioning(class 1) , 35.1%; a Mild-problems(class 2) , 30.4%; a Sub-clinical(class 3) , 27.0%; and a Clinical(class 4) , 7.4%. Differences in symptoms, problems and coping self-efficacy levels between classes were large according to Cohen's ds. Multivariate logistic regression (MLR) showed that the Clinical(class 4) compared to the Well-functioning(class 1) , more often that felt that reports strongly "embarrassed me," "made me feel sad," "filled me with fear" and "served as a magnifying glass. " Future research should assess opportunities and effects of limiting media consumption.
Improving Safety Communication of Ethnic Minorities in the Construction Industry of Hong Kong

The construction workforce in Hong Kong is experiencing a severe ageing problem and labour shortage. One initiative to enhance the supply of manpower is to assist ethnic minorities joining the industry. It is foreseeable that the percentage of ethnic minorities in the construction workforce will keep increasing. Statistics show that ethnic minorities were nearly 30% more likely to have work-related injuries than local workers in some developed countries. However, official statistics on the safety of ethnic minorities are not available in Hong Kong. A search in newspaper archive revealed that ethnic minorities in the construction industry of Hong Kong are subjected to higher fatality rate than local workers, just as is the case in many developed countries. This reflects that the safety of ethnic minorities has not received the attention it rightly deserves. Safety communication has been one of the key factors leading to accidents. Safety communication barriers of ethnic minorities impede them from receiving safety training and acquiring safety information effectively. Research towards improving the safety communication of ethnic minorities in the construction industry of Hong Kong becomes more urgent. This paper will provides an initial report on a research project which focuses on improving the safety communication of ethnic minorities in the construction industry of Hong Kong. Quantitative and qualitative research methods including Social Network Analysis (SNA) applied in conducting the research are first discussed. Preliminary statistics of construction accidents related to ethnic minorities in Hong Kong are then presented.
Investigation of two yeast genes encoding putative isoenzymes of phosphoglycerate mutase

Our previous data indicated that GPM1 encodes the only functional phosphoglycerate mutase in yeast. However, in the course of the yeast genome sequencing project, two homologous sequences, designated GPM2 and GPM3, were detected. They have been further investigated in this work. Key residues in the deduced amino acid sequence, shown to be involved in catalysis for Gpm1 (i.e. His8, Arg59, His181) are conserved in both enzymes. Overexpression of the genes under control of their own promoters in a gpm1 deletion mutant did not complement for any of the phenotypes. This could in part be attributed to a lack of expression due to their weak promoters. Higher level expression under the control of the yeast PFK2 promoter partially complemented the gpm1 defects, without restoring detectable enzymatic activity. Nevertheless, deletion of either GPM2 or GPM3, or the two deletions in concert, did not produce any obvious lesions for growth on a variety of different carbon sources, nor did they change the levels of key intermediary metabolites. We conclude that both genes evolved from duplication events and that they probably constitute non‐functional homologues in yeast.
Growth, Development and Reproduction in captive of the Large Japanese Field Mouse, Apodemus speciosus (Rodentia, Muridae)

The large Japanese field mice (Apodemus speciosus) were captured and kept in stainless cages under a constant condition at 23°C and 14 L: 100 photoperiod, and the growth, development and reproduction were investigated in this species. Modification of feeding condition and nest materials and introduction of a chamber and a running wheel apparatus into each cage first enabled this species to breed under captivity. In our breeding colony, A. speciosus produced the pups throughout the year. Concerning sexual maturation of the males, the descended testes and spermiogenesis were observed at 50 days old, copulatory behavior was performed at about 60 days old, and active breeding started at 70-80 days old. On the other hand, in the females, the vaginas opened and mature follicle cells appeared at 60-70 days old at which active breeding began in females. The mean litter size was 4.29 (n=27), ranging from 3-6, and the gestation period was 19-21 days in this species. Significant sexual difference were detected in each increase in body weight, head and body length, tail length, foot length and ear length. These growth rate constants were similar to each other among the four compared species that belong to genus Apodemus; the Korean striped field mouse, A. agrarius chejuensis, the small Japanese field mouse, A. argenteus, the Formosan wood mouse, A. semotus and the large Japanese field mouse, A. speciosus.
Predicting market orientation: Chinese retailers in a transitional economy

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide an investigation of market orientation of retailers in China, an emerging economy. Several predictors of Chinese retailers' market orientation are examined.Design/methodology/approach – Using survey data collected from 99 retailers in China, the paper tests the hypothesized relationships using a multiple regression model.Findings – The paper finds that perceived supplier market orientation (SMO), firm size, and ownership are predictors of retailer market orientation (RMO). The results of this paper suggest that market orientation is perceived as important and is being adopted by retailers with varying ownerships and structures across China.Research limitations/implications – The study has several limitations including sample, sample size, and single‐respondent design. Nevertheless, the paper depicts a contemporary picture of Chinese retailers' adoption of market orientation.Practical implications – The findings of this study provide both retailers and supp.
Experiences of functional electrical stimulation (FES) and ankle foot orthoses (AFOs) for foot-drop in people with multiple sclerosis

Abstract Purpose: A constructivist phenomenological study explored impacts of ankle foot orthoses (AFOs) or functional electrical stimulation (FES) on people with foot-drop from multiple sclerosis (MS). Method: Focus groups following topic guides were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis, with researcher reflexivity, participant verification and peer checking of analysis. Participants with sustained use of the devices (under 2 y) were invited from two quantitative studies that (a) investigated immediate FES effects (n = 12) and (b) compared habitual use of AFO (n = 7) or FES (n = 6). Two focus groups addressed AFO (n = 4) and FES (n = 6) experiences. Results: Similar numbers of positive and negative aspects were described for AFO and FES. Both reduced fatigue, improved gait, reduced trips and falls, increased participation, and increased confidence; greater balance/stability was reported for AFOs, and increased walking distance, fitness and physical activity for FES. Barriers to both included avoiding reliance on devices and implications for shoes and clothing; a non-normal gait pattern was reported for AFO, and difficulties of application and limitations in the design of FES. However, participants felt the positives outweighed the negatives. Conclusions: Participants felt benefits outweighed the drawbacks for AFO and FES; greater understanding of user preferences and satisfaction may increase likelihood of usage and efficacy. Implications for Rehabilitation Interventions to reduce the impacts of foot-drop in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) are important to optimise physical activity participation and participation in life; they include ankle foot orthoses (AFOs) and functional electrical stimulation (FES). Research is lacking regarding user satisfaction and perceived outcomes, therefore, two separate focus groups were conducted from a constructivist phenomenological perspective to explore the impacts of AFOs (n = 4) and FES (n = 6) on people with foot-drop from MS. Some similar positive aspects of AFO and FES use were described, including reduced fatigue, improved gait and fewer trips and falls, while common barriers included finding the device cumbersome, uncomfortable, and inconvenient, with some psychological barriers to their use. On balance, the impacts of the devices on improving activities and participation were more important for participants than practical barriers, highlighting the importance of combining understanding of individual experiences and preferences with clinical decision-making when prescribing a device to manage foot-drop.