Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Amygdalar activity measured using FDG-PET/CT at head and neck cancer staging independently predicts survival

Importance The mechanisms underlying the association between chronic stress and higher mortality among individuals with cancer remain incompletely understood. Objective To test the hypotheses that among individuals with active head and neck cancer, that higher stress-associated neural activity (ie. metabolic amygdalar activity [AmygA]) at cancer staging associates with survival. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Academic Medical Center (Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston). Participants 240 patients with head and neck cancer (HNCA) who underwent 18F-FDG-PET/CT imaging as part of initial cancer staging. Measurements 18F-FDG uptake in the amygdala was determined by placing circular regions of interest in the right and left amygdalae and measuring the mean tracer accumulation (i.e., standardized uptake value [SUV]) in each region of interest. Amygdalar uptake was corrected for background cerebral activity (mean temporal lobe SUV). Results Among individuals with HNCA (age 59±13 years; 30% female), 67 died over a median follow-up period of 3 years (IQR: 1.7–5.1). AmygA associated with heightened bone marrow activity, leukocytosis, and C-reactive protein (P<0.05 each). In adjusted and unadjusted analyses, AmygA associated with subsequent mortality (HR [95% CI]: 1.35, [1.07–1.70], P = 0.009); the association persisted in stratified subset analyses restricted to patients with advanced cancer stage (P<0.001). Individuals within the highest tertile of AmygA experienced a 2-fold higher mortality rate compared to others (P = 0.01). The median progression-free survival was 25 months in patients with higher AmygA (upper tertile) as compared with 36.5 months in other individuals (HR for progression or death [95%CI], 1.83 [1.24–2.68], P = 0.001). Conclusions and relevance AmygA, quantified on routine 18F-FDG-PET/CT images obtained at cancer staging, independently and robustly predicts mortality and cancer progression among patients with HNCA. Future studies should test whether strategies that attenuate AmygA (or its downstream biological consequences) may improve cancer survival.
Association of type 2 diabetes mellitus with the reduction of mandibular residual ridge among edentulous patients using panoramic radiographs

Objective: To evaluate the association between type 2 diabetes mellitus and the reduction of mandibular residual ridge in completely edentulous patients wearing complete dentures and to investigate the ef-fect of gender, age and years of edentulousness / den-ture wearing on ridge resorption on both groups. Methods: Seventy-two (36 men and 36 women) with a mean age 63.5 years (range of 52 to 73 years) com-pletely edentulous denture-wearing patients were included in this study. Of these, there were 40 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 32 control subjects participated in the study. Resorption in the mandibular residual ridges was assessed by using the mental foramen and the inferior border of the mandible, as they appear in panoramic radiographs, as reference points using Wical and Swoope Analysis method. Measurements were performed using “Dijite” Digital Caliper. The amount of mandibular ridge resorption was calculated and correlated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and the results were compared with control group. Differences in gender, age and years of edentulousness were investigated. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (V11.0). A 2-sample t-test was used to evaluate the differences in mean values of mandibular ridge resorption between diabetics and controls. Level of significance was set at 0.05. Results: The mean mandibular residual ridge resorption of all participants is 8.0 mm (26.9%), diabetic group significantly (P < 0.01) had two times more resorption compared with control group (35.8% versus 18.0%). Females recorded greater amount of resorption in diabetics 49.7% versus 21.8% (P < 0.001) and in controls 22.3% versus 13.7%, (P < 0.05) compared to males, respectively. There were no differences in both groups regarding the age of subjects and the length of time they have been edentulous and years of denture wearing. The amount of mandibular residual ridge resorption was directly related to the number of years of edentulousness. Conclusion: Completely edentulous, denture-wearing diabetics, women in particular, are at more risk to have ridge resorption than “nondiabetic” subjects. Reduced mandibular height is directly related to years of edentulousness and denture wear-ing with greater amount of resorption among diabet-ics.
Lung Cancer Detection Using Image Processing Techniques

Recently, image processing techniques are widely used in several medical areas for image improvement in earlier detection and treatment stages, where the time factor is very important to discover the abnormality issues in target images, especially in various cancer tumours such as lung cancer, breast cancer, etc. Image quality and accuracy is the core factors of this research, image quality assessment as well as improvement are depending on the enhancement stage where low pre-processing techniques is used based on Gabor filter within Gaussian rules. Following the segmentation principles, an enhanced region of the object of interest that is used as a basic foundation of feature extraction is obtained. Relying on general features, a normality comparison is made. In this research, the main detected features for accurate images comparison are pixels percentage and mask-labelling.
A review of dynamic Stackelberg game models

Dynamic Stackelberg game models have been used to study sequential decision making in noncooperative games in various fields. In this paper we give relevant dynamic Stackelberg game models, and review their applications to operations management and marketing channels. A common feature of these applications is the specification of the game structure: a decentralized channel consists of a manufacturer and independent retailers, and a sequential decision process with a state dynamics. In operations management, Stackelberg games have been used to study inventory issues, such as wholesale and retail pricing strategies, outsourcing, and learning effects in dynamic environments. The underlying demand typically has a growing trend or seasonal variation. In marketing, dynamic Stackelberg games have been used to model cooperative advertising programs, store brand and national brand advertising strategies, shelf space allocation, and pricing and advertising decisions. The demand dynamics are usually extensions of the classic advertising capital models or sales-advertising response models. We begin each section by introducing the relevant dynamic Stackelberg game formulation along with the definition of the equilibrium used, and then review the models and results appearing in the literature.
Monomerization of TDP-43 is a key determinant for inducing TDP-43 pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

The cytoplasmic aggregation of TAR DNA binding protein-43 (TDP-43), also known as TDP-43 pathology, is the pathological hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, the mechanism underlying TDP-43 cytoplasmic mislocalization and subsequent aggregation remains unclear. Here, we show that TDP-43 dimerization/multimerization is impaired in the postmortem brains and spinal cords of patients with sporadic ALS and that N-terminal dimerization–deficient TDP-43 consists of pathological inclusion bodies in ALS motor neurons. Expression of N-terminal dimerization–deficient mutant TDP-43 in Neuro2a cells and induced pluripotent stem cell–derived motor neurons recapitulates TDP-43 pathology, such as Nxf1-dependent cytoplasmic mislocalization and aggregate formation, which induces seeding effects. Furthermore, TDP-DiLuc, a bimolecular luminescence complementation reporter assay, could detect decreased N-terminal dimerization of TDP-43 before TDP-43 pathological changes caused by the transcription inhibition linked to aberrant RNA metabolism in ALS. These findings identified TDP-43 monomerization as a critical determinant inducing TDP-43 pathology in ALS.
N A ] 9 J ul 2 01 9 A method for computing the Perron-Frobenius root for primitive matrices Doulaye Dembélé

For a nonnegative matrix, the eigenvalue with the maximum magnitude or Perron-Frobenius root exists and is unique if the matrix is primitive. It is shown that for a primitive matrix A, there exists a positive rank one matrix X allowing to have the Hadamard product B = A◦X , where the row (column) sums of matrix B are the same and equal to the Perron-Frobenius root. An iterative algorithm is presented to obtain matrix B without an explicit knowledge of X . The convergence rate of this algorithm is similar to that of the power method but it uses less computational load.
Predicting the global spread range via small subnetworks

Modern online social network platforms are replacing traditional media due to their effectiveness in both spreading information and communicating opinions. One of the key problems in these online platforms is to predict the global spread range of any given information. Due to its gigantic size as well as time-varying dynamics, an online social network's global structure, however, is usually inaccessible to most researchers. Thus, it raises the very important issue of how to use solely small subnetworks to predict the global influence. In this paper, based on percolation theory, we show that the global spread range can be predicted well from only two small subnetworks. We test our methods in an artificial network and three empirical online social networks, such as the full Sina Weibo network with 99546027 nodes.
Photometric detection of internal gravity waves in upper main-sequence stars. III. Comparison of amplitude spectrum fitting and Gaussian process regression using celerite2

Studies of massive stars using space photometry have revealed that they commonly exhibit stochastic low-frequency (SLF) variability. This has been interpreted as being caused by internal gravity waves (IGWs) excited at the interface of convective and radiative regions within stellar interiors, such as the convective core or sub-surface convection zones. We aim to compare the properties of SLF variability in massive main-sequence stars observed by the TESS mission determined by different statistical methods, and confirm the correlation between the morphology of SLF variability and a star's location in the HR diagram. From a sample of 30 massive stars observed by TESS, we compare the resultant parameters of SLF variability, in particular the characteristic frequency, obtained from fitting the amplitude spectrum of the light curve with those inferred from fitting the covariance structure of the light curve using the celerite2 Gaussian process (GP) regression software and a damped SHO kernel. We find a difference in the characteristic frequency obtained from the amplitude spectrum fitting and from fitting the co-variance structure of the light curve using a GP regression with celerite2 for only a minority of the considered sample. However, the trends among mass, age and the properties of SLF variability previously reported remain unaffected. GP regression is a useful and novel methodology to efficiently characterise SLF variability in massive stars compared to previous techniques used in the literature. We conclude that the correlation between a star's SLF variability, in particular the characteristic frequency, and its location in the HR diagram is robust for main-sequence massive stars. There also exists a distribution in the stochasticity of SLF variability in massive stars, which indicates that the coherency of SLF variability is also a function of mass and age in massive stars.
Etude du fond diffus galactique des électrons et positrons et étude des performances de la seconde phase de l'expérience H.E.S.S.

Le reseau de telescopes H.E. S.S. (High Energy Stereoscopic System) permet de detecter des particules du rayonnement cosmique (astroparticules) par l'emission de lumiere Cherenkov emise par les particules secondaires resultant de l'interaction d'une particule primaire dans l'atmosphere terrestre. Outre la detection et l'etude de sources astrophysiques qui emettent des rayons gamma, H.E. S.S. permet d'etudier les differentes emissions diffuses du rayonnement cosmique. L'interet de ces emissions diffuses dans la comprehension de l'origine et la propagation des rayons cosmiques ainsi que la possibilite d'y detecter un signal de matiere noire est rappele dans ce manuscrit. Apres une presentation de l'experience H.E. S.S. , la possible amelioration de la discrimination entre les rayons gamma et les electrons avec H.E. S.S. est discutee. En particulier, la possibilite de detecter le rayonnement Cherenkov direct emis par les electrons primaires du rayonnement cosmique au contraire des rayons gamma est abordee. Ensuite, une methode de discrimination basee sur une comparaison a l'aide d'un maximum de vraisemblance entre des images enregistrees par les cameras des telescopes et des images issues d'un modele semi-analytique est utilisee afin d'obtenir une reconstruction spectrale des electrons et des positrons du rayonnement cosmique avec les donnees de H.E. S.S. Cette mesure permet pour la premiere fois d'etendre la determination du spectre en energie des electrons et des positrons du rayonnement cosmique jusqu'a 20 TeV.
The House That Knows You: User Authentication Based on IoT Data

Home-based Internet of Things (IoT) devices have gained in popularity and many households became "smart'' by using devices such as smart sensors, locks, and voice-based assistants. Given the limitations of existing authentication techniques, we explore new opportunities for user authentication in smart home environments. Specifically, we design a novel authentication method in IoT-enabled smart homes. We perform initial experiments and a user study leveraging network traffic collected from 8 IoT devices in our university lab. Preliminary results show that our LSTM model achieves a maximum accuracy of 75% in identifying users.
Advances in Bioscience & Clinical Medicine

Epistaxis from NG tube placement is rarely clinically severe in a normal population. But, it could be fatal in cases of abnormal coagulopathy. The risk factors, such as portal hypertension, coagulopathy, and endothelial dysfunction predispose ESLD patients to severe nasopharyngeal hemorrhage during NG tube placement (1). Camus M et al. reported that most patients (80%) had epistaxis after a recently placed NG tube that might have initiated or exacerbated pharyngeal bleeding, especially in patients with ESLD (2). In rare cases, this condition may lead to massive Abstract
On certain character sums1

Abstract Let q ≥ 2 be an integer, χ be a non-principal character mod q, A = A(q) ≤ q, B = B(q) ≤ q, and H = H(q) ≤ q. In this paper, we shall use the estimates for Kloosterman sums and the properties of trigonometric sums to give some sharp estimates for character sums of the form where ħ(A, B, H) = {a ∈ ℤ| (a, q) = 1, 1 ≤ a ≤ A, 1 ≤ b ≤ B, ab ≡ 1 (mod q), |a − b| ≤ H}.
Fourier Method for Calculating Fission Chain Neutron Multiplicity Distributions

Abstract A new way of utilizing the fast Fourier transform is developed to compute the probability distribution for a fission chain to create n neutrons. We then extend this technique to compute the probability distributions for detecting n neutrons. Our technique can be used for fission chains initiated by either a single neutron inducing a fission or by the spontaneous fission of another isotope.
ASY F LOW : Keep Ethereum Away From Overflow

While Ethereum smart contracts enabled a wide range of blockchain applications, they are extremely vulnerable to different forms of security attacks. Due to the fact that transactions to smart contracts commonly involve cryptocurrency transfer, any successful attacks can lead to money loss or even financial disorder. In this paper, we focus on the overflow attacks in Ethereum , mainly because they widely rooted in many smart contracts and comparatively easy to exploit. We have developed EASYFLOW , an overflow detector at Ethereum Virtual Machine level. The key insight behind EASYFLOW is a taint analysis based tracking technique to analyze the propagation of involved taints. Specifically, EASYFLOW can not only divide smart contracts into safe contracts, manifested overflows, well-protected overflows and potential overflows, but also automatically generate transactions to trigger potential overflows. In our preliminary evaluation, EASYFLOW managed to find potentially vulnerable Ethereum contracts with little runtime overhead. A demo video of EASYFLOW is at https://youtu.be/QbUJkQI0L6o. Keywords-Ethereum, Overflow Vulnerability, Taint Analysis, Smart Contract
Trigeminal Nociceptors Express Prostaglandin Receptors

Orofacial inflammation is associated with prostaglandin release and the sensitization of nociceptive receptors such as the transient receptor potential subtype V1 (TRPV1). We hypothesized that certain PGE2 receptor subtypes (EP1–EP4) are co-expressed with TRPV1 in trigeminal nociceptors and sensitize responses to a TRPV1 agonist, capsaicin. Accordingly, combined in situ hybridization was performed with immunohistochemistry on rat trigeminal ganglia. We next evaluated the effects of specific EP2 and EP3 agonists (butaprost and sulprostone) in cultured trigeminal ganglia neurons. The results showed that EP2 and EP3 are expressed in trigeminal neurons (58% and 53% of total neurons, respectively) and are co-expressed in TRPV1-positive neurons (64% and 67 % of TRPV1-positive neurons, respectively). Moreover, most of the cells expressing EP2 or EP3 mRNA were of small to medium diameter (< 30 μm). The application of butaprost and sulprostone triggered neuropeptide exocytosis, and butaprost sensitized capsaicin responses. Analysis of these data, collectively, supports the hypothesis that prostaglandins regulate trigeminal TRPV1 nociceptors via activation of the EP2 and EP3 receptors.
On the geodetic hull number for complementary prisms II

In the geodetic convexity, a set of vertices S of a graph G is convex if all vertices belonging to any shortest path between two vertices of S lie in S. The convex hull H(S) of S is the smallest convex set containing S. If H(S) = V (G), then S is a hull set. The cardinality h(G) of a minimum hull set of G is the hull number of G. The complementary prism GḠ of a graph G arises from the disjoint union of the graph G and Ḡ by adding the edges of a perfect matching between the corresponding vertices of G and Ḡ. A graph G is autoconnected if both G and Ḡ are connected. Motivated by previous work, we study the hull number for complementary prisms of autoconnected graphs. When G is a split graph, we present lower and upper bounds showing that the hull number is unlimited. In the other case, when G is a non-split graph, it is limited by 3.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor - GIST

GIST (gastrointestinal stromal tumor) is the gastrointestinal stromal tumor, who had long been called "leiomyoma" or "leiomyosarcoma. " From the electron microscopy and immu - nohistochemistry it was found that it is a cancer that originates from the interstitial cells of Cajal and the expression of the protein c-Kit. Although rare, it represents the majority of mesenchymal tumors of the digestive tract. It is most commonly located in the stomach, and mainly affects middle-aged men and elderly. Because of the symptoms and possible complications, surgical removal is the treatment of choice. Drugs are being initiated in ad - vanced cases. This article presents the case of a gastric GIST, diagnosed in a 51 years old man with chronic blood loss, which was exacerbated. He was hospitalized in the ward of the Santa Casa in Belo Horizonte (Gastroenterolgy infirmary) to propaedeutic and therapy. Subjected to extensive surgery aimed at curing, despite being a large tumor and high risk of malignity. Evolved with post operative complications with final resolution.
Compact integrated radial basis function modelling of particulate suspensions

The present Ph.D. thesis is concerned with the development of computational procedures based on Cartesian grids, point collocation, immersed boundary method, and compact integrated radial basis functions (CIRBF), for the simulation of heat transfer and steady/unsteady viscous flows in complex geometries, and their applications for the prediction of macroscopic rheological properties of particulate suspensions. The thesis consists of three main parts. In the first part, integrated radial basis function approximations are developed into compact local form to achieve sparse system matrices and high levels of accuracy together. These stencils are employed for the discretisation of the Navier-Stokes equation in the pressurevelocity formulation. The use of alternating direction implicit (ADI) algorithms to enhance the computational efficiency is also explored. In the second part, compact local IRBF stencils are extended for the simulation of flows in multiply-connected domains, where the direct forcing-immersed boundary (DFIB) method is adopted to handle such complex geometries efficiently. In the third part, the DFIB-CIRBF method is applied for the investigation of suspensions of rigid particles in a Newtonian liquid, and the prediction of their bulk viscosity and stresses. The proposed computational procedures are verified successfully with several test problems in Computational Fluid Dynamics and Computational Rheology. Accurate results are achieved using relatively coarse grids.
Clifford algebra and discretizable distance geometry

Protein structure calculations using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments are one of the most important applications of distance geometry. The chemistry of proteins and the NMR data allow us to define an atomic order, such that the distances related to the pairs of atoms {i−3,i},{i−2,i},{i−1,i} are available, and solve the problem iteratively using a combinatorial method, called branch‐and‐prune. The main step of BP algorithm is to intersect three spheres centered at the positions for atoms i−3,i−2,i, with radius given by the atomic distances di−3,i,di−2,i,di−1,i, respectively, to obtain the position for atom i. Because of uncertainty in NMR data, some of the distances di−3,i may not be precise or even not be available. Using conformal Clifford algebra, in addition to take care of NMR uncertainties, which implies that we have to calculate sphere intersections considering that their centers and radius may not be fixed anymore, we consider a more flexible atomic order, where distances di−3,i are replaced by dj,i, where j⩽i−3. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.