Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimization of the Relation between Image Quality and Dose in Pediatric Projection Radiography

This work is aiming at the optimization of the relation between image quality and dose in digital pediatric projection radiography. Today’s application of X-ray tube technology is leading to a wide spectrum of exposures. In conventional analogue techniques there exist definite relations between image generation and visualization. Thus for example the choice of a screen-film combination fixes the dependence of the film blackening from the exposure. In contrast digital radiographic methods allow the flexible adaptation of the image visualization to a clinical question even after the image generation. This fact necessitates a physically substantiated optimization of the image generation process. Its quality fixes the relation between the information content of the image and the exposure required. The optimization presented in this work is concentrated on thorax projection radiography of premature and newborn children. Here high demands on the imaging quality, a relatively high frequency of the examination and significant size variations of the individual patients are connected with their increased radiation sensitivity. This work is mainly based on three different approaches, namely Monte Carlo x-ray photon transport calculations of anthropomorphic and physical phantoms, analytical modeling and phantom experiments at clinical X-ray systems. It relies mainly on the consideration of large area contrasts. The results of the different approaches especially for optimal photon energies are in good agreement. The highest exposure and highest necessary photon energy is always needed for the lowest contrast to be resolved in the thickest or most dense part of a patient. The optimal range of photon energy becomes smaller for thinner specimens. This clearly stresses the need for individual optimization especially in pediatric radiology. The optimal use of digital detectors in pediatric radiology allows fewer repetitions for thoracic investigations due to higher information content and lower doses especially for the youngest patients.
Fuzzy Inference and Sequence Model-Based Collision Risk Prediction System for Stand-On Vessel

Although the International Regulations for Preventing Collision at Sea (COLREGs) provide guidelines for determining the encounter relations between vessels and assessing collision risk, most collision accidents occur in crossing situations. Accordingly, prior studies have investigated methods to identify the relation between the give-way and stand-on vessels in crossing situations to allow the stand-on vessel to make the optimal collision-avoidance decision. However, these studies were hindered by several limitations. For example, the collision risk at the current time (t) was evaluated as an input variable obtained at the current time (t), and collision-avoidance decisions were made based on the evaluated collision risk. To address these limitations, a collision risk prediction system was developed for stand-on vessels using a fuzzy inference system based on near-collision (FIS-NC) and a sequence model to facilitate quicker collision avoidance decision making. This was achieved by predicting the future time point (t + i) collision risk index (CRI) of the stand-on vessel at the current time point (t) when the own-ship is determined to be the stand-on vessel in different encounter relations. According to the performance verification results, navigators who use the developed system to predict the CRI are expected to avoid collisions with greater clearance distance and time.
Is Menstruation a Valid Reason to Postpone Cardiac Surgery?

Background: Cancellation of any scheduled surgery is a significant drain on health resources and potentially stressful for patients. It is frequent in menstruating women who are scheduled to undergo open heart surgery (OHS), based on the widespread belief that it increases surgical and menstrual blood loss. Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate blood loss in women undergoing OHS during menstruation. Settings and Design: A prospective, matched case-control study which included sixty women of reproductive age group undergoing OHS. Patients and Methods: The surgical blood loss was compared between women who were menstruating (group-M; n = 25) and their matched controls, i.e., women who were not menstruating (group-NM; n = 25) at the time of OHS. Of the women in group M, the menstrual blood loss during preoperative (subgroup-P) and perioperative period (subgroup-PO) was compared to determine the effect of OHS on menstrual blood loss. Results: The surgical blood loss was comparable among women in both groups irrespective of ongoing menstruation (gr-M = 245.6 ± 120.1 ml vs gr-NM = 243.6 ± 129.9 ml, P value = 0.83). The menstrual blood loss was comparable between preoperative and perioperative period in terms of total menstrual blood loss (gr-P = 36.8 ± 4.8 ml vs gr-PO = 37.7 ± 5.0 ml, P value = 0.08) and duration of menstruation (gr-P = 4.2 ± 0.6 days vs gr-PO = 4.4 ± 0.6 days, P value = 0.10). Conclusion: Neither the surgical blood loss nor the menstrual blood loss is increased in women undergoing OHS during menstruation.
Raman Identification of Inclusions in Diamond

Diamonds and their inclusions are some of the most scientifically valuable samples of the Earth (Haggerty 1999; Shirey et al. 2019). Among the analytical techniques used to study diamonds, Raman spectroscopy offers several advantages that make it an appealing tool for characterizing inclusions. It is a relatively low-cost, rapid, and non-destructive option, requiring minimal sample preparation, if any. Inclusions can often be characterized in-situ, while still fully enclosed in their diamond host, which ensures that no material is inadvertently lost (e.g., fluid) and the remnant pressure of the inclusion–host system is preserved. The pressure within inclusions can be on the order of several gigapascals (e.g., Nasdala et al. 2003) and is especially important for stabilizing the crystal structure of certain highpressure minerals, such as ringwoodite, in sublithospheric diamonds (Pearson et al. 2014). Ideally, Raman spectroscopy can be complemented by other in-situ methods, such as infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), micro-beam X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray computed tomography (CT), and synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Raman spectroscopy can serve as a first step to help characterize inclusions before employing more time-consuming or destructive analytical techniques, but it can also serve as a powerful tool in its own right for diamond research (e.g., Liu et al. 1990; Gillet et al. 2002; Nasdala et al. 2003, 2005; Brenker et al. 2005; Walter et al. 2011; Howell et al. 2012; Pearson et al. 2014; Nimis et al. 2016; Smit et al. 2016; Smith et al. 2016b, 2018; Anzolini et al. 2018; Kemppinen et al. 2018). This chapter is the first Raman spectroscopy review specifically applied to inclusions in diamond.
IMPLEMENTASI DELAPAN ETNIS TRADISIONAL SUMATERA UTARA PADA MODEL PEMBELAJARAN SENI TERPADU UNTUK MENINGKATKAN APRESIASI DAN KREATIVITAS SISWA DI SD NEGERI 101769 MEDAN TEMBUNG

This study aims to improve students' understanding and creativity in arts and culture subjects. By introducing the arts of eight tribes, students recognize factors such as the participation of 27 students in the city, such as participation in SDN 101769 Class V Medan Tembung. This research uses classroom action research method with two cycles. The results showed that the application of the Integrated Fine Arts Learning Model can increase understanding of traditional cultural arts in the North Sumatra region by introducing art to eight tribes carried out at SD Negeri 101769 Medantenbun City. To increase the understanding and creativity of regional traditional arts and culture, a learning model that can integrate all elements of art and culture can be used, such as, Using an integrated art learning model that has been proven to increase students' understanding of art subjects.
Analysis of Soft Tissue Changes and Influencing Factors of Implant Absorption after Immediate Restoration of Anterior Teeth

Objective Using a digital model, evaluate the changes in the soft tissue following rapid restoration of anterior teeth and analyze the factors impacting implant absorption. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 84 patients who received immediate implant restoration for a single anterior tooth in the department of Stomatology of our hospital from April 2020 to August 2021. According to different surgical methods, they were divided into the study group (n = 42) and control group (n = 42). Immediate implant repair was given to the research group, while delayed implant restoration was given to the control group. The influence of the two surgical techniques on the alterations of soft tissues around implants was studied using a 3Shape oral scan and a digital model before and 1, 3, and 5 months after the operation, respectively. Patients in the study group were divided into the excellent group (n = 26) and poor group (n = 16) according to the test results of implant bone absorption, and the risk factors of poor implant absorption after immediate restoration of anterior teeth were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results The levels of 1 mm and 3 mm below the gum mucosa margin in the two groups increased gradually with the time, and the gingival level and soft tissue thickness at the lip of the baseline implant also increased gradually. However, the changes of soft tissue in the study group were better than those in the control group at 3 and 6 months after surgery (P < 0.05). The PES score was significantly improved in both groups after treatment, and the aesthetic score was higher in the study group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Univariate and binary logistic multifactor regression showed that smoking and poor implant health were the related factors affecting implant absorption (P < 0.05). Conclusion Immediate anterior tooth implantation and pharyngeal implant restoration can better restore the soft tissue and aesthetic degree of patients, but immediate implant restoration can more effectively restore the soft tissue, and controlling smoking and keeping clean around the implant after surgery is conducive to implant absorption.
The inception of housing pathways in urban China: the declining household formation of young adults from 2011 to 2017

ABSTRACT The homeownership rate of young adults has surged to an unprecedented level in urban China, despite rising housing prices and significant rural-urban migration. A trend analysis of nationally representative microdata shows that household formation is the missing link in the paradox and that many young adults aged 18–44 have failed to form independent households from 2011 to 2017, thereby delaying the start of their housing pathways. When factors such as socioeconomic and institutional attributes are controlled for, age differences in household formation decrease as expected. However, the age differences grow surprisingly larger over the study period, reflective of reform-induced changes in resource allocation. Further analysis demonstrates significant heterogeneity in headship status. While local young adults are squeezing into homeownership, migrants are overrepresented in the relatively stunted rental sector. Thus, while migration has brought newcomers to urban China and kept the headship rates from falling even further, institutional barriers have blocked migrants’ housing pathways. Overall, the pace of change is breathtaking. There is a growing divergence in young adults’ housing pathways, which depends on the timing of market entry, institutional attributes, housing prices, and personal income.
Tatalaksana Melanoma Maligna Kutaneus

Melanoma merupakan suatu tumor maligna dari melanosit, dengan lokasi paling sering adalah kulit (95% kasus). Tatalaksana melanoma tergantung stadium saat diagnosis; pembedahan masih merupakan pilihan utama. Pengobatan melanoma primer adalah bedah eksisi definitif dengan batas eksisi berdasarkan ketebalan tumor. Pada keterlibatan nodus limfatikus regional, dapat dilakukan diseksi elektif komplit. Pada rekurensi lokal dilakukan bedah reseksi komplit dengan penutupan luka primer atau eksisi lokal luas dengan skin grafting atau penutupan flap. Metastasis melanoma dibedakan menjadi metastasis kulit atau jauh. Tatalaksana metastasis melanoma dapat terapi sistemik (targeted therapy, terapi imun, dan kemoterapi) dan radiasi. Terapi adjuvan hanya untuk pasien tanpa bukti metastasis tetapi berisiko tinggi penyebaran tumor lebih lanjut.Melanoma is a malignant tumor of melanocytes, the most frequent location is in the skin (95% cases). Management of melanoma depends on the stage at diagnosis. Surgery is still the main choice of therapy. Treatment of primary melanoma is definitive excision surgery with excision limit based on the thickness of the tumor. In regional lymph node involvement, complete elective dissection can be performed. In local recurrence, complete resection is performed with primary wound closure or extensive local excision with skin grafting or flap closure. Treatment of melanoma metastasis can be divided into skin metastases or distant. Management of melanoma metastases can be systemic therapy (targeted therapy, immune therapy, and chemotherapy) and radiation. Adjuvant therapy is only given to patients without evidence of metastasis but is at high risk for further spread of the tumor.
Estructura genética y aptitud ambiental de poblaciones de pasto banderita [Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr.] en Chihuahua, México

En los últimos años se han realizado diversos trabajos para seleccionar genotipos sobresalientes de pastos para restauración de pastizales. Estos trabajos se han enfocado principalmente en características agronómicas y poca importancia se ha dado a la estructura genética y adaptación ambiental de los genotipos. El objetivo fue evaluar la estructura genética y aptitud ambiental de poblaciones de pasto banderita en Chihuahua, México. Se evaluaron 51 poblaciones de pasto banderita (Bouteloua curtipendula) a través de marcadores AFLP y análisis de su estructura genética. La aptitud ambiental de los grupos genéticos que se conformaron se determinó mediante el diseño de modelos que utilizan el algoritmo de MaxEnt. Lo anterior, representa una manera novedosa de usar el algoritmo, ya que comúnmente solo se utilizada a nivel especie. El análisis STRUCTURE dividió las poblaciones de pasto banderita en dos grupos genéticos diferentes (AMOVA; P<0.0001). El 89 % de las poblaciones integradas al Grupo 1 habitan en la región semiárida y 90 % de las poblaciones del Grupo 2 se encuentran en la región árida. Los resultados del análisis de MaxEnt revelaron que los grupos genéticos tienen aptitud ambiental diferente. El nicho climático del Grupo 1 se encuentra en el centro y sur del estado, mientras que el del Grupo 2 se localiza en el centro, oeste y noreste. Por lo anterior, se concluye que los programas de restauración con pasto banderita deben realizarse con genotipos locales de cada ecorregión del Estado y en áreas con mayor aptitud ambiental.
Assessing the Business Ecosystem for Indian SMEs: A Resource-Based View

The purpose of this study is to develop a MSME business facilitator index (MSME-BFI) to investigate the major factors which lead to the growth and development of MSMEs in the top performing and poor performing states of India. The data for various parameter for estimating the index such as infrastructure (road and electricity), human resources (labour participation rate and literacy rate), information communication uses (computer and internet), fiscal discipline and other economic indicators is collected from different government surveys and reports. The study revealed that states should focus on labour force, infrastructure, ICT technology, credit facilities, financial management and economic governance for the growth of MSME’s. There exist major disparities in the performance of the MSMEs, when divided into top performing and poor performing states, respectively. The research helps policymakers and government to focus on the leading barriers/factors which lagged the states to achieve the higher economic development.
Acquisition propensity in family firms: The multifaceted role of family involvement

Building on behavioral agency theory, we explore the role played by corporate governance characteristics of family firms in affecting their acquisition propensity. Specifically, we investigate family members’ ownership stake and their appointment to the board of directors as predictors of the likelihood to execute acquisitions. Furthermore, we explore the effect of having a family chief executive officer (CEO) and the generational step. Using a sample of 207 acquisitions executed by 93 Italian listed family firms in the 2014–2020 period, we find evidence that the extent of family ownership does not affect acquisitions propensity. Additionally, while family members on the board are negatively associated with acquisitions, the opposite emerges in case of a family CEO. Finally, the propensity to acquire does not appear to be driven by whether the firm is still in its founding generation or later generations
The Effect of Chlorogenic Acid on Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Steroidogenesis in the Testes of Diabetic Rats: Study of mRNA Expressions of GRP78, XBP1s, 3β-HSD, and 17β-HSD

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic endocrine metabolic disorder that can increase the incidence of infertility. Excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can trigger oxidative stress reactions and reduce antioxidant content. The increase of ROS can exert an impact on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress conditions and inhibit the steroidogenesis of the testes. The objectives of the current study were to determine the effect of chlorogenic acid (CGA) as an antioxidant in reducing ER stress conditions (mRNA expressions of GRP78, XBP1s), and to increase steroidogenesis (mRNA expressions of 3β-HSD and 17β-HSD) in the testis of DM rats. A total of 24 rats were randomly divided into six groups, namely: control group, DM1.5 months, DM2 months, and DM group were treated with CGA with three different doses (12.5 mg/kgBW, 25 mg/kgBW, and 50 mg/kgBW), respectively. Testicular tissue was isolated for examination of GRP78, XBP1s, 3β-HSD, and 17β-HSD mRNA expressions using RT-PCR. In the CGA1 group, GRP78 mRNA expression level was lower than in the DM2 group and was statistically different (p=0.021). XBP1s mRNA expression in the CGA1 group was lower and significantly different when compared to the DM2 group (p=0.018). The mRNA expression of 3β -HSD in the CGA1 group was higher than that in the DM1.5 and DM2 groups, which were statistically significant with p=0.000 and p=0,008. The comparison of 17β - HSD mRNA expression in the CGA1 group was higher than the DM1,5 and DM2 groups with p=0.013 and p=0.012. Administration of CGA at a dose of 12.5 mg/kgBW can reduce ER stress conditions and increase testicular steroidogenesis in DM rat models. These results were seen based on low GRP78 and XBP1s mRNA expressions, and high 3β-HSD and 17β-HSD mRNA expressions after CGA administration.
Distributed Adaptive Finite-Time Consensus for High-Order Multi-Agent Systems with Intermittent Communications under Switching Topologies

In this paper, a distributed adaptive finite-time consensus (FTC) control protocol for a high-order multi-agent system (MAS) with intermittent communications under switching topologies is proposed. Meanwhile, considering the problem of heterogeneous unknown nonlinearities and other uncertain disturbances, the adaptive neural network and the sliding mode control method are used to compensate the nonlinearity of each agent separately. The agents are homogeneous, so the system has symmetry. The switching topologies considered in this paper are asymmetric. Compared with consensus protocol for asymptotic convergence, simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively solve the presence of the nonlinear and accelerate the convergence speed of the system so that an FTC can be reached.
Determinants of Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection: A Multicenter Study from Southern Ethiopia

Background Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) continues to be a public health problem. Globally in 2019, a total of 465,000 people developed rifampicin-resistant TB (RR-TB), of which 78% had MDR-TB. There is a paucity of evidence on the determinants of MDR-TB in southern Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed to assess the determinants of MDR-TB in southern Ethiopia. Methods A hospital-based case–control study was conducted in southern Ethiopia. The cases were all MDR-TB patients attending TB clinics, and controls were all patients who were declared as cured or treatment completed. The cases were selected by consecutive sampling, and a simple random sampling technique was used for controls. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to identify determinants of MDR-TB. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed, and statistical significance was declared at a P-value less than 5%. Results A total of 191 participants, 67 cases, and 124 controls were included. TB patients facing social stigma (AOR = 8.9, 95% CI: 2.3–34.6), living in a household with one room (AOR = 12.3, 95% CI: 2.3–63.5), and two rooms (AOR = 9.7, 95% CI: 1.7–54.8), having the previous history of TB treatment (AOR = 11.8, 95% CI: 2.9–47), having baseline body mass index (BMI) less than 18.5Kg/m2(AOR = 4.5, 95% CI: 1.2–16.8), and having pulmonary TB (AOR = 5.1, 95% CI: 1.33–19.8) were determinants of MDR-TB. Conclusion In this study, TB patients facing social stigma, living in one- and two-roomed houses, having a previous history of TB treatment, having low baseline BMI and pulmonary type of TB had higher odds of MDR-TB. Therefore, health workers in TB control programs should include mental health services in the TB care protocol, and priority should be given to malnutrition screening as a first-line diagnosis, nutritional supplements, and health education about proper housing.