Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Basal mass balance and prevalence of ice tongues in the Western ross sea

Ice tongues at the fringes of the Antarctic ice sheet lose mass primarily through both basal melting and calving. They are sensitive to ocean conditions which can weaken the ice both mechanically or through thinning. Ice tongues, which are laterally unconfined, are likely to be particularly sensitive to ocean-induced stresses. Here we examine ice tongues in the Western Ross Sea, by looking into the factors affecting their stability. We calculate the basal mass change of twelve Antarctic ice tongues using a flux gate approach, deriving thickness from ICESat-2 height measurements and ice surface velocities from Sentinel-1 feature-tracking over the same period (October 2018 to December 2021). The basal mass balance ranges between −0.14 ± 0.07 m yr−1 and −1.50 ± 1.2 m yr−1. The average basal mass change for all the ice tongues is −0.82 ± 0.68 m of ice yr−1. Low values of basal melt suggest a stable mass balance condition in this region, with low thermal ocean forcing, as other studies have shown. We found a heterogeneous basal melt pattern with no latitudinal gradient and no clear driver in basal melt indicating that local variables are important in the persistence of ice tongues in the absence of a strong oceanographic melting force. Moreover, thanks to the temporal resolution of the data we were able to resolve the seasonal variability of Drygalski and Aviator Ice Tongues, the two largest ice tongues studied.
Adaptive Subtraction Based on the Matching Filter With Three Frequency Bands of Modeled Multiples for Removing Seismic Multiples

After the procedure of multiple modeling, adaptive subtraction is important for removing seismic multiples. The mismatches between the modeled multiples and true multiples are frequency-dependent. The traditional filter method combining the modeled multiples themselves cannot remove the mismatches effectively and may cause residual multiples. In this letter, we partition the modeled multiples into three frequency bands, which are low-, middle-, and high-frequency bands. Then, the three frequency bands of the modeled multiples are combined with the filter to match with the original data. Since the three frequency bands express more information than the modeled multiples themselves, the proposed filter method can remove more residual multiples than the traditional filter method.
Scanning 6-Wavelength 11-Channel Aerosol Lidar

Abstract A transportable multiple-wavelength lidar is presented, which is used for the profiling of optical and physical aerosol properties. Two Nd:YAG and two dye lasers in combination with frequency-doubling crystals emit simultaneously at 355, 400, 532, 710, 800, and 1064 nm. A beam-combination unit aligns all six laser beams onto one optical axis. Hence the same air volume is observed by all six beams. The combined beam can be directed into the atmosphere from −90° to +90° zenith angle by means of a turnable mirror unit. From the simultaneous detection of the elastic-backscatter signals and of the Raman signals backscattered by nitrogen molecules at 387 and 607 nm and by water vapor molecules at 660 nm, vertical profiles of the six backscatter coefficients between 355 and 1064 nm, of the extinction coefficients, and of the extinction-to-backscatter ratio at 355 and 532 nm, as well as of the water vapor mixing ratio, are determined. The optical thickness between the lidar and a given height can be retr.
Success in reaching affect self-regulation goals through everyday music listening

While music listening on mobile phones can serve many affect-regulatory goals, success in reaching these goals is yet to be empirically assessed. This study aimed to determine how frequently listeners successfully reach their affect-regulatory goals, and the predictors of this success. Data were collected using the experience sampling app MuPsych, from 293 Finnish participants. Goals were successfully reached in less than half of cases, with adults more successful than adolescents. Success was determined largely within contexts, and strongly predicted by an initial low-valenced emotional state of the listener, suggesting that music listening is particularly useful for those in negative states.
Achieving Climate Change Absolute Accuracy in Orbit

The Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory (CLARREO) mission will provide a calibration laboratory in orbit for the purpose of accurately measuring and attributing climate change. CLARREO measurements establish new climate change benchmarks with high absolute radiometric accuracy and high statistical confidence across a wide range of essential climate variables. CLARREO's inherently high absolute accuracy will be verified and traceable on orbit to Systeme Internationale (SI) units. The benchmarks established by CLARREO will be critical for assessing changes in the Earth system and climate model predictive capabilities for decades into the future as society works to meet the challenge of optimizing strategies for mitigating and adapting to climate change. The CLARREO benchmarks are derived from measurements of the Earth's thermal infrared spectrum (5–50 μm), the spectrum of solar radiation reflected by the Earth and its atmosphere (320–2300 nm), and radio occultation refractivity from which.
DYNAMICS BASED COMPUTATION

We demonstrate the ability of lattices of coupled chaotic maps to perform simple computations. This dynamical system is shown to emulate logic gates, encode numbers, and perform specific arithmetic operations on those numbers such as addition and multiplication. We also demonstrate the ability of this dynamical system to perform the more specialized operation of determining the least common multiplier of a sequence of integers.
Nijenhuis-Richardson algebra and Fr√∂licher-Nijenhuis Lie module

Not associative Nijenhuis-Richardson graded algebra on universal module over Graßmann algebra of differential forms allows a novel/algorithmic definition of the Frölicher-Nijenhuis Lie R-algebra. Some consequences are derived. The signature of the five-dimensional Frobenius subalgebra of the Nijenhuis-Richardson algebra is calculated. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 16W25 Derivation; Secondary 17A32 Leibniz algebra, 16W30 Coalgebra, bialgebra.
The Effect of Parental Autonomy Support on Grit: The Mediating Role of Basic Psychological Needs and the Moderating Role of Achievement Motivation

Purpose Grit plays a critical role in the academic achievement and future career success of college students. The family environment has an important influence on the development of individual grit, but the mechanisms linking family and grit are not well known. To further understand these relationships, this study sought to explore the mediating role of basic psychological needs between parental autonomy support and grit, and the moderating role of achievement motivation. Methods The present study model was developed according to the proposed hypotheses and was analyzed using structural equation modeling. A total of 984 college students in Hunan Province, China participated in the present study. The following tools were used: Perceived Parental Autonomy Support Scale, Basic Psychological Needs Scales, Short Grit Scale, and Achievement Motivation Scale. Results Parental autonomy support was positively correlated with basic psychological needs and grit, and both basic psychological needs and achievement motivation were positively correlated with grit. Basic psychological needs mediated the effect of parental autonomy support on grit. Achievement motivation moderated the second half of the path of the mediation model. Conclusion Parental autonomy support influences perseverance through the mediation of basic psychological needs, and achievement motivation plays a moderating role. Findings of this study reveal the influence of family environment on grit, and give reference to the development of grit.
Power concentration determined by thermodynamic properties in complex gas mixtures: the case of plasma-based dry reforming of methane

We investigate discharge contraction in a microwave plasma at sub-atmospheric pressure, operating in CO2 and CO2/CH4 mixtures. The rise of the electron number density with plasma contraction intensifies the gas heating in the core of the plasma. This, in turn, initiates fast core-periphery transport and defines the rate of thermal chemistry over plasma chemistry. In this context, power concentration describes the overall mechanism including plasma contraction and chemical kinetics. In a complex chemistry such as dry reforming of methane, transport of reactive species is essential to define the performance of the reactor and achieve the desired outputs. Thus, we couple experimental observations and thermodynamic calculations for model validation and understanding of reactor performance. Adding CH4 alters the thermodynamic properties of the mixture, especially the reactive component of the heat conductivity. The increase in reactive heat conductivity increases the pressure at which plasma contraction occurs, because higher rates of gas heating are required to reach the same temperature. In addition, we suggest that the predominance of heat conduction over convection is a key condition to observe the effect of heat conductivity on gas temperature.
Protein structure: geometry, topology and classification

The structural principals of proteins are reviewed and analysed from a geometric perspective with a view to revealing the underlying regularities in their construction. Computer methods for the automatic comparison and classification of these structures are then reviewed with an analysis of the statistical significance of comparing different shapes. Following an analysis of the current state of the classification of proteins, more abstract geometric and topological representations are explored, including the occurrence of knotted topologies. The review concludes with a consideration of the origin of higher-level symmetries in protein structure.
A K-band power amplifier in 0.18 μm CMOS process with slow-wave structure

A 18–24 GHz broadband power amplifier (PA) by 0.18-μm CMOS technology is presented in this article. The low loss microstrip line matching technique is used to reduce transmission losses and achieve higher gain, PAE, and enough output power. An improved gain-boosting technique is also included in the PA architecture to improve high-frequency gain and gain flatness. The measurement results show that small-signal gain is large than 18.5 dB from 18 to 24 GHz, while the gain variation is less than 1.5 dB. The maximum PAE is about 18%, and the output P1dB is 13.1 and 15 dBm Psat.
Allpass forward equalizer for decision feedback equalization

An allpass forward equalizer (APFE) for use with decision feedback equalization (DFE) is described, The APFE has poles, unlike the normally implemented FIR (finite impulse response) forward equalizer; equalizers with poles can provide superior performance or reduced hardware complexity when compared to all-zero equalizers, but can have local optima and are more difficult to design. A theoretical basis for the allpass is presented and a systematic design procedure is described. It is shown that there are no local optima in a sufficient region about the global optimum such that adaptation is feasible. A performance vs. complexity advantage is shown for the APFE relative to the FIR forward equalizer, and implementation as a continuous-time filter is proposed.
Multiscale reference function analysis of the 𝒫𝒯 symmetry breaking solutions for the P2 + iX 3 + iαX Hamiltonian

The recent work of Delabaere and Trinh (Delabaere E and Trinh D T 2000 J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 33 8771) discovered the existence of 𝒫𝒯 symmetry breaking, complex energy, L2 solutions for the one-dimensional Hamiltonian, P2 + iX 3 + iαX, in the asymptotic limit α→-∞. Their asymptotic analysis produced questionable results for moderate values of α. We can easily confirm the existence of 𝒫𝒯 symmetry breaking solutions by explicitly computing the low-lying states for |α|<O(10). Our analysis makes use of the multiscale reference function (MRF) approach, developed by Tymczak et al (Tymczak C J, Japaridze G S, Handy C R and Wang Xiao-Qian 1998a Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 3678; 1998b Phys. Rev. A 58 2708). The MRF results can be validated by comparing them with the converging eigenenergy bounds generated through the eigenvalue moment method, as recently argued by Handy (2001a, b). Given the reliability of the MRF analysis, its fast numerical implementation, high accuracy and theoretical simplicity, the present formalism defines an effective and efficient procedure for analysing many related problems that have appeared in the recent literature.
On the elastic membrane in a potential flow

Methods for the calculation of potential flow around thin bodies are well known and can be found in several publications. According to these publications the vortex lattice method (VLM) combined with the quasi-continuous-method (QCM) is most effective for membrane-like bodies with no aerodynamical thickness. The possible flow around edges of a membrane causes singularities which are considered using a cosine-spaced vortex lattice. The structural membrane analysis with the finite element method (FEM) is also well known and has been applied to several problems of engineering. If the same mesh is used for both methods it is easy to combine the QCM and the FEM. However, a cosine-spaced FE-mesh makes no sense because it is not FEM problem-orientated. Therefore, until now, equidistant or nearly equidistant vortex lattices have been used to calculate the interacting flow and structure. They also cause unacceptable errors because they are not optimal for the VLM problem. This paper describes a new method to reduce the errors of combined calculations of flow and structure. A FEM problem-orientated mesh out of improved finite elements is combined with a cosine-spaced vortex lattice. The method is called quasi-continuous-continuous (QCC) because the discrete forces of the VLM are transformed into a continuous membrane load. A set of numerical examples shows the excellent numerical performance of the QCC and the reduction of errors. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multi-temporal SAR and Optical Data Combination with Textural Measures for Land Cover Classification

This paper proposes the classification framework based on the Bayesian theory with the single polarization multi-temporal synthetic aperture radar (SAR)and an optical data, and incorporates the proposed training sample selection (SS)methods.Within this framework, the combination with gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM)-based textural measures is investigated.The two procedures of the classification and proposed SS are united,where SS generates the accurate and dispersed training samples.Extracted features from multi-temporal SAR data-namely,the average backscattering coefficient,the backscatter temporal variability,and the long-term coherence and the reflectance values from optical data,are integrated with the GLCM textural data.Classification results were generated by taking Osaka City,Japan,as the study area.The selected major classes were water bodies, woodlands,fields,and built-up areas.The most suitable data used for classification was the multi-temporal SAR and an optical data combination with the mean textural, because of the supplement of different data and the smoothing effect of the texture.The higher quality training samples obtained by using the combined Support Vector Machine (SVM)and Neural Network (NN)-based SS method for training the Bayesian classifier generated the highest classification accuracies in all of tested cases. 和文概要:本論文では,トレーニングサンプル(SS)選択方法を組み込みながら,単一偏波の多時期SARと光学データ をベイズ理論に基づいて統合して分類するフレームワークを提案する。 このフレームワークでは,グレーレベル生起行列 (GLCM)ベースの平 値テクスチャを用いた組合せが検討されている。 より正確で空間的に分散したトレーニングサンプ ルを生成するSSの処理と,分類という2つの処理が統合されている。 提案するフレームワークでは,多時期のSARデー タから抽出された特徴-平 後方散乱係数,後方散乱の時間変動,長期間のコヒーレンス-と,光学データから抽出され た反射率が,GLCM の平 値テクスチャを経由して統合されている。 大阪を対象地に選んで分類が行われた。 選択した土 地被覆クラスは,市街地,野原,森林,水域であった。 最も分類に適したデータは,異なるデータの相互補完,テクスチャ の平滑化効果という点で,多偏波SARと光学データを平 値テクスチャを経由して統合するものであった。 サポートベク ターマシン(SVM)とニューラルネットワーク(NN)ベースのSS手法で改良されたトレーニングサンプルを用いて分 類した結果が,全てのケースの中で最も高い分類精度を示した。
Multiple-server system with flexible arrivals

In many service, production, and traffic systems there are multiple types of customers requiring different types of ‘servers’, i.e. different services, products, or routes. Often, however, a proportion of the customers are flexible, i.e. they are willing to change their type in order to achieve faster service, and even if this proportion is small, it has the potential of achieving large performance gains. We generalize earlier results on the optimality of ‘join the shortest queue’ (JSQ) for flexible arrivals to the following: arbitrary arrivals where only a subset are flexible, multiple-server stations, and abandonments. Surprisingly, with abandonments, the optimality of JSQ for minimizing the number of customers in the system depends on the relative abandonment and service rates. We extend our model to finite buffers and resequencing. We assume exponential service. Our optimality results are very strong; we minimize the queue length process in the weak majorization sense.
ON THE BLOW-UP OF THE NON-LOCAL THERMISTOR PROBLEM

Abstract The conditions under which the solution of the non-local thermistor problem \begin{gather*} u_t=\Delta u+\frac{\lambda f(u)}{(\int_{\varOmega}f(u)\,\mathrm{d}x)^{2}},\quad x\in\varOmega\subset\mathbb{R}^N,\ N\geq2,\ t>0, \\ \frac{\partial u(x,t)}{\partial\nu}+\beta(x)u(x,t)=0,\quad x\in\partial\varOmega,\ t>0, \\ u(x,0)=u_0(x),\quad x\in\varOmega, \end{gather*} blows up are investigated. We assume that $f(s)$ is a decreasing function and that it is integrable in $(0,\infty)$. Considering a suitable functional we prove that for all $\lambda\gt0$ the solution of the Neumann problem blows up in finite time. The same result is obtained for the Robin problem under the assumption that $\lambda$ is sufficiently large $(\lambda\gg 1)$. In the proof of existence of blow-up for the Dirichlet problem we use the subsolution technique. We are able to construct a blowing-up lower solution under the assumption that either $\lambda\gt\lambda^*$ or $0\lt\lambda\lt\lambda^*$, for some critical value $\lambda^*$, and that the initial condition is sufficiently large provided also that $f(s)$ satisfies the decay condition $\int_0^\infty[sf(s)-s^2f'(s)]\,\mathrm{d} s\lt\infty$.
Search for the Standard Model Higgs boson in H → μ + μ - decays with the ATLAS detector

An inclusive search for the Standard Model Higgs boson in the dimuon decay channel is presented. The search utilizes 20.7 fb−1 of proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of √s = 8 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector in 2012. No evidence of a signal is seen, therefore upper limits are set on σ (pp → H + X ) × Γ(H → μ+ μ− ) as a function of the Higgs boson mass.The observed (expected) limit at the 95 % CL for the Higgs boson with a mass of 125 GeV is 9.8 (8.2) times the Standard Model prediction.
The mechanism of silicon on alleviating cadmium toxicity in plants: A review

Cadmium is one of the most toxic heavy metal elements that seriously threaten food safety and agricultural production worldwide. Because of its high solubility, cadmium can easily enter plants, inhibiting plant growth and reducing crop yield. Therefore, finding a way to alleviate the inhibitory effects of cadmium on plant growth is critical. Silicon, the second most abundant element in the Earth’s crust, has been widely reported to promote plant growth and alleviate cadmium toxicity. This review summarizes the recent progress made to elucidate how silicon mitigates cadmium toxicity in plants. We describe the role of silicon in reducing cadmium uptake and transport, improving plant mineral nutrient supply, regulating antioxidant systems and optimizing plant architecture. We also summarize in detail the regulation of plant water balance by silicon, and the role of this phenomenon in enhancing plant resistance to cadmium toxicity. An in-depth analysis of literature has been conducted to identify the current problems related to cadmium toxicity and to propose future research directions.
Generation and Next-Generation Sequencing-Based Characterization of a Large Human Combinatorial Antibody Library

Antibody phage display is a key technology for the discovery and development of target-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for use in research, diagnostics, and therapy. The construction of a high-quality antibody library, with larger and more diverse antibody repertoires, is essential for the successful development of phage display-derived mAbs. In this study, a large human combinatorial single-chain variable fragment library (1.5 × 1011 colonies) was constructed from Epstein–Barr virus-infected human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with a combination of two of the activators of human B cells, the Toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist R848 and interleukin-2. Next-generation sequencing analysis with approximately 1.9 × 106 and 2.7 × 106 full-length sequences of heavy chain variable (VH) and κ light chain variable (Vκ) domains, respectively, revealed that the library consists of unique VH (approximately 94%) and Vκ (approximately 91%) sequences with greater diversity than germline sequences. Lastly, multiple unique mAbs with high affinity and broad cross-species reactivity could be isolated from the library against two therapeutically relevant target antigens, validating the library quality. These findings suggest that the novel antibody library we have developed may be useful for the rapid development of target-specific phage display-derived recombinant human mAbs for use in therapeutic and diagnostic applications.
XR Vest: A Novel System for Demonstration-Based Learning of Safety Skills

This work investigates the design and usability of a novel eXtended Reality (XR) Vest, which combines two viewpoints for demonstration-based training (DBT). Traditional modalities for DBT, such as prerecorded videos and live instruction, are minimally engaging and potentially hazardous resulting in low motivation and knowledge retention. To combat this, works incorporate XR technology to improve training immersiveness, safety, and engagement. When worn by a trainer, our XR Vest enables trainees to have the first-person perspective of immersive XR environments on an integrated tablet while simultaneously watching the third-person motor movements. To test the XR Vest in DBT, 28 individuals completed three training sessions: 1) using an Oculus Quest 2 (baseline); 2) watching a DBT video on a desktop computer monitor (first-person perspective); and 3) viewing a DBT on the XR Vest (first-person and third-person perspectives). Following each session, the participants performed a memory aptitude test to evaluate their recall, a NASA Task Load Index questionnaire to investigate their perceived workload, and a System Usability Scale (SUS) questionnaire to measure the usability of the systems. A linear mixed-effect analysis showed significant differences between the temporal demand, physical demand, and frustration in the NASA-TLX scores and the integration and learnability features in the SUS scores. The results suggest that incorporating XR technology in first- and third-person perspectives within the XR Vest decreased workload and improved system usability. Future works should evaluate the benefits of this XR design in other domains where DBT is used.