Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
QUASI-PERIODIC FLUCTUATIONS AND CHROMOSPHERIC EVAPORATION IN A SOLAR FLARE RIBBON OBSERVED BY IRIS

The Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) satellite obtained rapid cadence (9.4 s) stare spectra of an M7 flare ribbon in AR 12036 on 2014 April 18. Chromospheric and transition region line emission exhibited quasi-periodic intensity and velocity fluctuations in the ribbon prior to the appearance of Fe xxi emission. Seven intensity peaks were observed in light curves from small ( 0 &farcs; 333 × 0 &farcs; 333 ? > ) tracked spatial locations in the ribbon, the first four of which show variable time separations around 3 minutes, and the last four of which show variable time separations about half that value, i.e., the frequency appears to have doubled. The Fe xxi intensity increased rapidly and impulsively after the quasi-periodic fluctuations in chromospheric and transition region lines. The entire Fe xxi line profile was blueshifted when the line first appeared, corresponding to an upward velocity around −100 km s−1. This upward velocity increased to a maximum of about −150 km s−1 before diminishing to zero around the time of maximum intensity. Simultaneous, cospatial velocities observed with Si iv line emission were directed downward, consistent with explosive chromospheric evaporation. During this flare the Fe xxi line’s profile is well fit with only one Gaussian component that is either wholly blueshifted or wholly at rest; no significant secondary blueshifted or redshifted components are observed. This suggests that IRIS may have sufficient spatial resolution to resolve loop strands in these flare observations. Under the assumption that the Fe xxi line is at rest when its width is thermal, we derive a rest wavelength of 1354.0714 ± 0.0108 Å for this forbidden line.
A Method for Generating True Random Numbers With Multiple Distribution Characteristics

In this paper, a method of generating true random numbers obeying multiple distribution characteristics is proposed. First, two resistance-capacitance (RC) self-excited oscillation circuits are used to generate two jittered, periodically unstable square wave signals, and then a text high-precision and high-frequency quartz crystal oscillator is used to sample and measure these two jittered signals to obtain their periods. Due to the randomness of the external environment, there is Gaussian white noise in the circuit, so the periods of these two signals are random variables subject to the Gaussian distribution. Finally, we use a text field-programmable gate array (FPGA) to perform secondary processing on these two random signals, which can generate true random number sequences that conform to the distribution characteristics of Gaussian distribution, Poisson distribution, 0–1 distribution, uniform distribution, etc. The random numbers generated by the circuit can be applied to the field of intelligent control related to automatic control and machine learning. This method uses a physical entropy source to generate high-quality true random sequences, which are easy to build, low in circuit cost, and small in size. The experimental results show that the method is low-cost, highly reliable and easy to integrate, providing an effective solution for the generation of true random numbers in electronic systems.
A State-of-the-Art Review on CMOS Radio Frequency Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communication Systems

Wireless communication systems have undergone significant development in recent years, particularly with the transition from fourth generation (4G) to fifth generation (5G). As the number of wireless devices and mobile data usage increase, there is a growing need for enhancements and upgrades to the current wireless communication systems. CMOS transceivers are increasingly being explored to meet the requirements of the latest wireless communication protocols and applications while achieving the goal of system-on-chip (SoC). The radio frequency power amplifier (RFPA) in a CMOS transmitter plays a crucial role in amplifying RF signals and transmitting them from the antenna. This state-of-the-art review paper presents a concise discussion of the performance metrics that are important for designing a CMOS PA, followed by an overview of the trending research on CMOS PA techniques that focuses on efficiency, linearity, and bandwidth enhancement.
Nanotechnology in agriculture: Prospect, opportunities and challenges

Ensuring food security in emerging nations is extremely difficult due to the low agricultural sector output, depletion of natural resources, significant post-farming losses, lack of value addition, and rapid population expansion. Researchers are working to implement novel breeding technologies to improve the supply and close the gap between food supply and demand. Uses of conventional farming technologies are not so much productive and effective as they are time consuming and labor intensive. This necessitates the use of nanotechnology that has the potency to massively influence the agriculture industry by reducing the negative effects of conventional farming techniques on the surroundings and wellness of humanity, boosting farming capacity, sustainability, and food safety, (as enforced by the anticipated rise of global demography) and fostering communal and economic parity. Nanotechnological meddling in farming has promising futures for enhancing nutrient use efficiency via the use of nanoformulations of fertilizers. Further, it knocks out the farming output hurdles through the blending of biotechnology with nanoscience and targeted and effective vigilance against external pressures. Moreover, it assists scientists in comprehending the molecularlevel mechanisms of host-parasite interactions, thereby facilitating the development of new pesticides and carriers that improve efficacy and reduce toxicity. Additionally, nanosensors can be employed to monitor soil quality for agricultural practices. Furthermore, this approach can serve as a milestone in addressing the present challenges faced in the agriculture sector. However, more research is necessary to address the safety and health issues posed by the technology. In this article, we have discussed the various role and prospects of nanotechnology in agriculture.
BundleAtlasing: unbiased population-specific atlasing of bundles in streamline space

White matter bundle atlases play a crucial role in the segmentation of bundles and the understanding of brain connectomes. However, the construction of streamline atlases that accurately represent the underlying population anatomy is challenging. In this work, we present BundleAtlasing, a new method to compute population-specific bundle atlases in the space of streamlines. The proposed approach is based on two key aspects: an iterative groupwise unbiased bundle registration, and a pairwise bundle combination strategy. We show that our method is able to correctly generate unbiased atlases that represent the average group anatomy of a population.
Space / query-time tradeoff for computing the visibility polygon ✩

a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t In this paper, we consider the problem of computing the visibility polygon (VP) of a query point q (or VP(q)) in a scene consisting of some obstacles with total complexity of n. We show that the combinatorial representation of VP(q) can be computed in logarithmic time by preprocessing the scene in O (n 4 log n) time and using O (n 4) space. We can also report the actual VP(q) in additional O (| VP(q)|) time. As a main result of this paper, we will prove that we can have a tradeoff between the query time and the preprocessing time/space. In other words, we will show that using O (m) space, we can obtain O (n 2 log(√ m/n)/ √ m) query time, where m is a parameter satisfying n 2 m n 4. For example, when m = n 3 , the query time of our algorithm is O (√ n log √ n), that improves the query time of the only available algorithm with this memory usage (Zarei and Ghodsi, 2008 [26]), which degrades to O (n log n) in the worst case. An elegant feature of our algorithm that makes it useful in many applications is that it can determine the properties of the VP without actually computing it.
Estimating phytoplankton primary productivity in the Changjiang estuary, East China Sea from coupled Fast Repetition Rate (FRR) fluorometry and Chlorophyll-a measurements

Phytoplankton primary productivity (PP) varies significantly over environmental gradients, particularly in physically-dynamic systems such as estuaries and coastal seas. As the Changjiang River runoff peaks during summer time, large environmental gradients appear in both the Changjiang estuary and adjacent East China Sea (ECS), likely driving significant variability in PP. As satellite models of PP often underperform in coastal waters, we aimed to develop a novel approach for net PP estimation in such a dynamic environment. Parallel in situ measurements of Fast Repetition Rate (FRR) fluorometry and carbon (C) uptake rates were conducted for the first time in this region during two summer cruises in 2019 and 2021. A series of 13Cincubations (n=31) were performed, with measured PP ranging from ̃6 1700 mgC m-3 d-1. Net PP values were significantly correlated with salinity (r = 0.45), phytoplankton chlorophyll a (Chl-a, r = 0.88), Photosystem II (PSII) functional absorption cross-section (, r = -0.76) and maximum PSII quantum yield (, r = 0.59). Stepwise regression analysis showed that Chl-a and were the strongest predictors of net PP. A generalized additive model (GAM) was also used to estimate net PP considering nonlinear effects of Chl-a and . We demonstrate that GAM outperforms linear modelling approaches in predicting net PP in this study, as evidenced by a lower root mean square error ( ̃140 vs. 250 mgC m-3 d-1). Our novel approach provides a high resolution means to examine carbon cycling dynamics in this important region. Hosted file 968179_0_art_file_11194168_rxvsyk. docx available at https://authorea.com/users/640717/ articles/655455-estimating-phytoplankton-primary-productivity-in-the-changjiang-estuaryeast-china-sea-from-coupled-fast-repetition-rate-frr-fluorometry-and-chlorophyll-ameasurements Hosted file 968179_0_supp_11194169_rxvjyk. docx available at https://authorea.com/users/640717/ articles/655455-estimating-phytoplankton-primary-productivity-in-the-changjiang-estuaryeast-china-sea-from-coupled-fast-repetition-rate-frr-fluorometry-and-chlorophyll-ameasurements
Simulation of oriented patterns with prescribed local orientation using anisotropic Gaussian fields

We consider a stochastic framework for oriented texture modeling. We study a large class of generalized Gaussian fields, called Generalized Anisotropic Fractional Brownian Fields (GAFBF), which combines a local version of an Anisotropic Fractional Brownian Fields (AFBF) with Multifractional Brownian Fields (MBF). This mixture enables to control both the local orientation and the roughness of the texture. A second model based on fields deformation and called Warped Anisotropic Fractional Brownian Fields (WAFBF) is also studied. In this paper, we first establish theoretical results of these new stochastic models, and describe their properties. The notion of orientation for localizable random fields we introduced in our previous works is relevant to give explicit formulas for the orientations of these two models, insuring the control of the expected one. Furthermore, we investigate different ways to simulate a collection of textures with prescribed local orientation and roughness. These procedures serve for concretely observe the behavior of these fields ans as a benchmark for the validation of anisotropy detection tools. We finally propose methods for estimating the anisotropy of a specific AFBF and for characterizing the probability distribution of orientation estimators.
Roles of the horizontal advection on the formation of surface fronts and on the occlusion of a cyclone developing in the baroclinic westerly jet

Etude numerique, a l'aide d'un modele sec en equations primitives, de la formation d'un front et du processus d'occlusion d'un cyclone extratropical se developpant au sein d'un courant d'ouest barocline de zone temperee. Le mode libre (normal mode) le plus instable, des equations lineaires de perturbation, est adopte comme perturbation initiale. Il a une structure de mode instable barocline. Resultats: a mesure que la perturbation se developpe, il apparait un long front, froid et interne, ainsi qu'un court front chaud et faible; le terme de generation du gradient horizontal de t potentielle presente une valeur positive dans les deux regions; cependant, dans le front chaud, ce terme est annule par l'advection negative due au courant dirige vers le nord, situe a l'est du creux; le front chaud ne devient pas raide et il n'accompagne pas de ligne de vorticite relative positive, avec comme resultat un fort mouvement ascendant sur le cote chaud du front; il existe une frontogenese 2D dans la partie centrale du front froid; a l'extremite SW, le front froid est allonge par l'advection; celle-ci est importante dans la formation du front; l'experience est prolongee jusqu'a ce que le cyclone devienne occlus; une figure de vortex est trouvee dans le champ de vorticite autour du centre du creux; les structures ci-dessus correspondent aux nuages formes lors de cyclones (depressions) de zone temperee
Active and Passive Control for Acceleration Reduction of an Aeroelastic Typical Wing Section

The main concern related to the flutter phenomenon is predicting and avoiding it. This paper describes the application of a flexural-torsional flutter testbed for acceleration reduction by applying active and passive model-based control. The model consists of the 2D typical section, with aerodynamic loads estimated by an unsteady time-domain formulation based on Wagner’s function. The active control architecture consists of a stability augmentation system with output feedback and gain scheduling via the linear-quadratic regulator theory and actuation by servomechanism. The passive control employs a shape-memory alloy to provide additional torsional stiffness. Experimental results show considerable reduction of oscillations at a relative low cost for both active and passive control strategies, and that the use of shape memory alloys in aeroelastic stability problems is promising.
Comparative study of anthropometric variables in female classical ballet dancers, volleyball players and physically active subjects

The objective of this study was to compare anthropometric variables (body weight, height, and percent body fat) and plantarflexion and dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM) between three different groups of women: classical ballet dancers (n=14), volleyball players (n=22) and physically active subjects (n=13). The assumption was that different functional requirements should produce differences in the anthropometric variables and ROM between the three groups. Body weight and height were higher in volleyball players (66.42 ± 5.8 kg; 174.77 ± 5.6 cm), followed by physically active women (59.93 ±10.3 kg; 164 ± 7.5 cm) and ballet dancers (49.25 ± 4.5 kg; 157.03 ± 3.6 cm) (p<0.05). Percent body fat was higher in physically active women (30.67 ± 4.6%) compared to theother two groups, which showed similar percentages (volleyball players: 24.93 ± 4.1%; ballet dancers: 21.94 ± 4.3%). The three groups were similar in terms of total ankle ROM and active dorsiflexion ROM between the right and left sides. However, plantarflexion ROM was higher in ballet dancers (~83°), followed by physically active women (~68°) and volleyball players who presented the smallest ROM (~60°). The different requirements imposed by the three distinct physical activities seem to be responsible for changes in some of the anthropometric variables and ankle joint ROM.
Commutative rings with genus two annihilator graphs

ABSTRACT Let R be a commutative ring and Z(R)* be its set of all nonzero zero-divisors. The annihilator graph of a commutative ring R is the simple undirected graph AG(R) with vertices Z(R)*, and two distinct vertices x and y are adjacent if and only if ann(xy)≠ann(x)∪ann(y). The notion of annihilator graph has been introduced and studied by Badawi [8]. In this paper, we classify the finite commutative rings whose AG(R) are projective. Also we determine all isomorphism classes of finite commutative rings with identity whose AG(R) has genus two.
Bromodomain and Extraterminal Protein Inhibition Blocks Growth of Triple-negative Breast Cancers through the Suppression of Aurora Kinases*

Bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) proteins are epigenetic “readers” that recognize acetylated histones and mark areas of the genome for transcription. BRD4, a BET family member protein, has been implicated in a number of types of cancer, and BET protein inhibitors (BETi) are efficacious in many preclinical cancer models. However, the drivers of response to BETi vary depending on tumor type, and little is known regarding the target genes conveying BETi activity in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Here, we show that BETi repress growth of multiple in vitro and in vivo models of TNBC by inducing two terminal responses: apoptosis and senescence. Unlike in other cancers, response to BETi in TNBC is not dependent upon suppression of MYC. Instead, both end points are preceded by the appearance of polyploid cells caused by the suppression of Aurora kinases A and B (AURKA/B), which are critical mediators of mitosis. In addition, AURKA/B inhibitors phenocopy the effects of BETi. These results indicate that Aurora kinases play an important role in the growth suppressive activity of BETi in TNBC. Elucidating the mechanism of response to BETi in TNBC should 1) facilitate the prediction of how distinct TNBC tumors will respond to BETi and 2) inform the rational design of drug combination therapies.
Practices and Factors Influencing the Use of Antibiotics in Selected Poultry Farms in Ghana

The agricultural sector in Ghana employs close to 55% of the total workforce of the country’s population and this accounts for about 40% of the country’s gross domestic product (GDP), with the livestock industry (cattle, goats, grasscutters, sheep, pigs and poultry) forming about 6% of the sector [1,2]. The livestock industry in Ghana, like most developing countries, is not as well-established with structured management systems, mechanised technology and high level of production as those of developed countries [3].
Convex Incremental Dissipativity Analysis of Nonlinear Systems

Efficiently computable stability and performance analysis of nonlinear systems becomes increasingly more important in practical applications. An important notion connecting stability and performance is dissipativity. However, this property is usually only valid around an equilibrium point of the nonlinear system and usually involves cumbersome computations to find a valid storage function. Analyzing stability using the trajectories of the nonlinear system, i.e. incremental stability analysis, has shown to solve the first issue. However, how stability and performance characterizations of nonlinear systems in the incremental framework are linked to dissipativity, and how general performance characterization beyond the $\mathcal{L}_2$-gain concept can be understood in the incremental framework is largely unknown. By systematically establishing the missing links, this paper presents a matrix inequality based convex dissipativity analysis with the use of quadratic storage and supply functions, for a rather general class of systems with smooth nonlinearities. The proposed dissipativity analysis links the notions of differential, incremental and general dissipativity by a chain of implications. We show that through differential dissipativity, we give guarantees on incremental and general dissipativity of the nonlinear system. Using the results from the aforementioned chain of implications, incremental extensions for the analysis of $\mathcal{L}_2$-gain, the generalized $\mathcal{H}_2$-norm, $\mathcal{L}_\infty$-gain and passivity of a nonlinear system are presented. Moreover, we give a convex computation method to solve the obtained conditions. The effectiveness of the analysis tools are demonstrated by means of an academic example.
Efficient laser-driven proton acceleration in the ultra-short pulse regime

The work described in this thesis is concerned with the experimental investigation of the acceleration of high energy proton pulses generated by relativistic laser-plasma interaction and their application. Using the high intensity 150 TW Ti:sapphire based ultra-short pulse laser Draco, a laserdriven proton source was set up and characterized. Conducting experiments on the basis of the established targetnormal sheath acceleration (TNSA) process, proton energies of up to 20 MeV were obtained. The reliable performance of the proton source was demonstrated in the first direct and dose controlled comparison of the radiobiological effectiveness of intense proton pulses with that of conventionally generated continuous proton beams for the irradiation of in vitro tumour cells. As potential application radiation therapy calls for proton energies exceeding 200 MeV. Therefore the scaling of the maximum proton energy with laser power was investigated and observed to be near-linear for the case of ultra-short laser pulses. This result is attributed to the efficient predominantly quasi-static acceleration in the short acceleration period close to the target rear surface. This assumption is furthermore confirmed by the observation of prominent non-target-normal emission of energetic protons reflecting an asymmetry in the field distribution of promptly accelerated electrons generated by using oblique laser incidence or angularly chirped laser pulses. Supported by numerical simulations, this novel diagnostic reveals the relevance of the initial prethermal phase of the acceleration process preceding the thermal plasma sheath expansion of TNSA. During the plasma expansion phase, the efficiency of the proton acceleration can be improved using so called reduced mass targets (RMT). By confining the lateral target size which avoids the dilution of the expanding sheath and thus increases the strength of the accelerating sheath fields a significant increase of the proton energy and the proton yield was observed.
Cross-Context News Corpus for Protest Event-Related Knowledge Base Construction

Abstract We describe a gold standard corpus of protest events that comprise various local and international English language sources from various countries. The corpus contains document-, sentence-, and token-level annotations. This corpus facilitates creating machine learning models that automatically classify news articles and extract protest event-related information, constructing knowledge bases that enable comparative social and political science studies. For each news source, the annotation starts with random samples of news articles and continues with samples drawn using active learning. Each batch of samples is annotated by two social and political scientists, adjudicated by an annotation supervisor, and improved by identifying annotation errors semi-automatically. We found that the corpus possesses the variety and quality that are necessary to develop and benchmark text classification and event extraction systems in a cross-context setting, contributing to the generalizability and robustness of automated text processing systems. This corpus and the reported results will establish a common foundation in automated protest event collection studies, which is currently lacking in the literature.
Turbulence intensity retrieval in precipitation via optimal estimation using polarimetric radar (poster)

Relevance of the DSD on turbulence intensity retrievals. In this schematic σv, the Doppler spectral width or the velocity standard deviation, is the measurement. The contributors to this measurement are antenna motion σα, hydrometeor fall speeds σd, hydrometeor orientations and vibrations σ0 and turbulence σT , where ζI is the hydrometeor inertia correction. Note that the turbulence contribution scales with the spatial scale σ ∝ L1/3.