Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design Problems in Cognitive Radio Networks for Spectrum Sensing

Cognitive radio is regarded as an innovative approach aimed at enhancing the efficient utilization of the valuable natural resource, namely the electromagnetic spectrum for radio communication. Based on principles of SDR, cognitive radio is wireless communication system with intelligence to interpret its environment. It uses "understanding-by-building" approach to learn about its surroundings and adjust to statistical variations in input signals.Providing rock-solid connectivity whenever and wherever it's needed.aiding in effective use of radio spectrum.Spectrum sensing methods are discussed in this abstract. Spectrum sensing requires energy, so keep that in mind. Therefore, our focus centers on energy-efficient spectrum sensing in order to conserve energy during transmissions, taking into account relevant factors. In this context, an efficient model will be proposed for cognitive radio, encompassing both analytical and simulation aspects.
Ultrashort-Segment Hirschsprung's Disease Complicated by Megarectum and Obstructive Uropathy: A Case Report

Adult Hirschsprung's disease (AHD) is a rare condition characterized by a shortened aganglionic segment in the distal colon or rectum that is diagnosed after the age of 10. Diagnostic challenges stem from its rarity, nonspecific presentation, and often delayed consideration following emergent interventions. This report details the case of a 33-year-old male who presented with chronic constipation and abdominal pain, leading to a severe bowel obstruction attributed to self-reported Hirschsprung's disease (HD). Clinical, radiological, and historical aspects were suggestive of AHD, but definitive diagnostic procedures, including manometry and biopsy, were hindered by the patient's deteriorating condition. Exploratory laparotomy unveiled a secondary small bowel obstruction due to volvulus, necessitating immediate intervention, resulting in the removal of 4000 cc of fecal material. A comprehensive resection involving mid-to-distal transverse colon, left colon, sigmoid colon, and proximal rectum with the creation of Hartman's colostomy was performed due to the patient's worsening clinical status. We present a case of possible ultrashort-segment Hirschsprung's disease (USHD) and sketch a classic presentation of AHD. This endeavor aims to enhance awareness and consideration of AHD and/or USHD within the spectrum of potential diagnoses for chronic constipation when relevant and demonstrate the effectiveness of surgical intervention in this population.
Integrating geometries of ReLU feedforward neural networks

This paper investigates the integration of multiple geometries present within a ReLU-based neural network. A ReLU neural network determines a piecewise affine linear continuous map, M, from an input space ℝm to an output space ℝn. The piecewise behavior corresponds to a polyhedral decomposition of ℝm. Each polyhedron in the decomposition can be labeled with a binary vector (whose length equals the number of ReLU nodes in the network) and with an affine linear function (which agrees with M when restricted to points in the polyhedron). We develop a toolbox that calculates the binary vector for a polyhedra containing a given data point with respect to a given ReLU FFNN. We utilize this binary vector to derive bounding facets for the corresponding polyhedron, extraction of “active” bits within the binary vector, enumeration of neighboring binary vectors, and visualization of the polyhedral decomposition (Python code is available at https://github.com/cglrtrgy/GoL_Toolbox). Polyhedra in the polyhedral decomposition of ℝm are neighbors if they share a facet. Binary vectors for neighboring polyhedra differ in exactly 1 bit. Using the toolbox, we analyze the Hamming distance between the binary vectors for polyhedra containing points from adversarial/nonadversarial datasets revealing distinct geometric properties. A bisection method is employed to identify sample points with a Hamming distance of 1 along the shortest Euclidean distance path, facilitating the analysis of local geometric interplay between Euclidean geometry and the polyhedral decomposition along the path. Additionally, we study the distribution of Chebyshev centers and related radii across different polyhedra, shedding light on the polyhedral shape, size, clustering, and aiding in the understanding of decision boundaries.
Alzheimer’s Disease CSF Biomarkers as Possible Indicators of Tap-Test Response in Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

The aim of the present study is the evaluation of established Alzheimer’s disease (AD) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers in patients with idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH), both individually and as a total profile, and the investigation of their use as potential predictors of Tap-test responsiveness. Fifty-three patients with iNPH participated in the study. Aβ42, Aβ40, total Tau and phospho-Tau proteins were measured in duplicate with double-sandwich ELISA assays. Clinical evaluation involved a 10 m timed walk test before an evacuative lumbar puncture (LP) and every 24 h for three consecutive days afterwards. Neuropsychological assessment involved a mini-mental state examination, frontal assessment battery, 5-word test and CLOX drawing test 1 and 2, which were also performed before and 48 h after LP. Response in the Tap-test was defined as a 20% improvement in gait and/or a 10% improvement in neuropsychological tests. The Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio was found to be significantly higher in Tap-test responders than non-responders. Total Tau and phospho-Tau CSF levels also differed significantly between these two groups, with Tap-test responders presenting with lower levels compared to non-responders. Regarding the AD CSF biomarker profile (decreased amyloid and increased Tau proteins levels), patients with a non-AD profile were more likely to have a positive response in the Tap-test than patients with an AD profile.
GAGAN: Global Attention Generative Adversarial Networks for Semiconductor Advanced Process Control

This paper addresses the quality control of the photolithography process in the semiconductor industry. Overlay errors in the process seriously affect the wafer yield, and cause the wafer to be forced to rework and affect the production efficiency of the equipment. We examine the current state of its process control, develop a novel overlay predict model, and verify the prediction results. This study proposes a Global Attention Generative Adversarial Networks (GAGAN) model to precisely predict the overlay error for the feed-forward data of the front layer, which is used as the important information and process parameters for the advanced process control of the current layer. Experiment results on a semiconductor shop-floor confirms that our proposed method achieves high predictive performance while maintaining extensibility and visual quality.
A comparative analysis of extended water cloud model and backscatter modelling for above-ground biomass assessment in Corbett Tiger Reserve

Forest biomass acts as a backbone in regulating the climate by storing carbon within itself. Thus the assessment of forest biomass is crucial in understanding the dynamics of the environment. Traditionally the destructive methods were adopted for the assessment of biomass which were further advanced to the non-destructive methods. The allometric equations developed by destructive methods were further used in non-destructive methods for the assessment, but they were mostly applied for woody/commercial timber species. However now days Remote Sensing data are primarily used for the biomass geospatial pattern assessment. The Optical Remote Sensing data (Landsat8, LISS III, etc.) are being used very successfully for the estimation of above ground biomass (AGB). However optical data is not suitable for all atmospheric/environmental conditions, because it can’t penetrate through clouds and haze. Thus Radar data is one of the alternate possible ways to acquire data in all-weather conditions irrespective of weather and light. The paper examines the potential of ALOS PALSAR L-band dual polarisation data for the estimation of AGB in the Corbett Tiger Reserve (CTR) covering an area of 889 km2. The main focus of this study is to explore the accuracy of Polarimetric Scattering Model (Extended Water Cloud Model (EWCM) with respect to Backscatter model in the assessment of AGB. The parameters of the EWCM were estimated using the decomposition components (Raney Decomposition) and the plot level information. The above ground biomass in the CTR ranges from 9.6 t/ha to 322.6 t/ha.
Bottom-Enhanced Diapycnal Mixing Driven by Mesoscale Eddies: Sensitivity to Wind Energy Supply

AbstractIt has been estimated that much of the wind energy input to the ocean general circulation is removed by mesoscale eddies via baroclinic instability. While the fate of this energy remains a subject of research, arguments have been presented suggesting that a fraction of it may get transferred to lee waves that, upon breaking, result in bottom-enhanced diapycnal mixing. Here the authors propose several parameterizations of this process and explore their impact in a low-resolution ocean–climate model, focusing on their impact on the abyssal meridional overturning circulation (MOC) of Antarctic Bottom Water. This study shows that, when the eddy energy is allowed to maintain diapycnal mixing, the abyssal MOC generally intensifies with increasing wind energy input to the ocean. In such a case, the whole system is driven by the wind: wind steepens isopycnals and generates eddies, and the (parameterized) eddies generate small-scale mixing, driving the MOC. It is also demonstrated that if the model diapycn.
Effects of groundwater table on growth characteristics of Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. seedlings

A one-growth-season investigation on the growth characteristics of Alhagi sparsifolia Shap.seedlings under controlled groundwater tables was conducted in the Qira oasis in southern margin of Taklamakan Desert.The results indicated that 1)the plant height,branch number,and canopy breadth of the seedlings had good correlations with groundwater table,while leaf number had a larger fluctuation under different groundwater tables;2)there was no significant difference in the basal stem under groundwater table of 2.5,2.0,1.5,and 1.0 m(P0.05);3)the vertical length of root was significantly affected by groundwater table(P0.01);and 4)the root biomass,specific root length,and root surface area at different soil depths differed significantly under different groundwater tables(P0.05).
Interaction between vitamin E intake and a COMT gene variant on colorectal cancer risk among Korean adults: a case-control study

OBJECTIVES Previous human trials have not supported the anticarcinogenic effect of vitamin E despite biological plausibility and considerable epidemiological evidence. A possible explanation for this inconsistency is the interactive effect of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene and supplemental vitamin E on cancer. We examined whether a COMT gene variant modulates the effect of dietary vitamin E intake on colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. METHODS In this case-control study of Korean adults (975 cases and 975 age- and sex-matched controls), dietary vitamin E density (mg/1,000 kcal) was measured using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire, COMT single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs740603 (A>G) was genotyped, and CRC was verified histologically. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using unconditional logistic regression models with adjustments for potential confounders. RESULTS Higher vitamin E density was associated with a lower risk of CRC (highest vs. lowest quartiles: OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.55 to 0.96; p-for-trend=0.002). When stratified by COMT SNP rs740603 genotype, the inverse association between vitamin E density and CRC risk was confined to those with at least 1 A allele (≥median vs. <median: OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.51 to 0.78). The interaction between rs740603 and vitamin E density was significant (p-for-interaction=0.020). No direct association was observed between COMT SNP rs740603 and CRC risk (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.41). CONCLUSIONS Our findings support a role for a genetic polymorphism in COMT in modifying the association between dietary vitamin E intake and CRC.
Onboard Data Management Approach Based on a Discrete Grid System for Multi-UAV Cooperative Image Localization

Onboard image data management and sharing are the foundations for achieving cooperative data processing and analysis in multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (multi-UAVs). However, various challenges, such as the lack of efficient onboard data indices, restrict the development of multi-UAV cooperative applications. Here, we propose a novel and versatile cooperative data management framework based on a discrete grid system for multi-UAV onboard image data. First, we study the image coding methodology employed within the proposed framework. This method transforms original spatiotemporal and attribute information in images into well standardized and structured coded information. Second, we introduce a grid-based onboard image data management (Grid-OIM) approach to facilitate cooperative data management among multi-UAVs using code-based index and query methods. Finally, we applied Grid-OIM to cooperative image localization tasks. Experiments were conducted using an edge-computing platform and an embedded database. The image coding method could process >12000 images/s while maintaining excellent real-time performance. Moreover, the efficiency of creating and updating the image data index and querying the image data increased by averages of 17.6, 9.3, and 66.1 times, respectively, compared to the image data management method based on $\text{R}^{\ast} $ -Tree, highlighting the substantial advantages of this proposed method. These improvements address the demands of indexing and querying highly dynamic onboard image data effectively. Furthermore, the horizontal accuracy of image localization calculated by the cooperative localization method was improved by 43.4%–81.6% compared to that of a single UAV, enhancing reliability. Overall, Grid-OIM presents a feasible and practical solution for multi-UAV cooperative applications.
SENTIMENT AND INDIVIDUAL STOCK PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM CHINA

This paper investigates the effect of investor investment sentiment on individual stock returns in China. We find that investment sentiment is positively associated with stock performance contemporaneously. The Granger Causality test shows that investor sentiment is a driving force of stock price movement but not the other way around. Our constructed VAR model further suggests that the change in investor sentiment in the lagged period does not significantly affect the current stock return. In addition, both the Impulse Response and the Variance Decomposition analysis provide evidence that the stock price will increase right after a positive sentiment shock, and then follow a price drop until an intrinsic value comes up. Overall, the investor sentiment factor has a strong explanatory power to explain the variation in stock return.
The Bog Landforms of Continental Western Canada in Relation to Climate and Permafrost Patterns

In continental western Canada, discontinuous permafrost is almost always restricted to ombrotrophic peatlands (bogs). Bogs occur mostly as islands or peninsulas in large, often complex fens or are confined to small basins. Permafrost may be present in extensive peat plateaus (or more locally as palsas) and was preceded by a well-developed layer of Sphagnum that served to insulate the peat and lower the pore water temperatures. Air photo interpretation reveals the occurrence of bogs with five types of surface physiography. Concentrated to the south are bogs without internal patterns that have never had permafrost. Dominating the mid-latitudes are bogs with internal lawns and fens with internal lawns (mostly representing former bogs) that had permafrost lenses in the past that have recently degraded. Concentrated in the northwest are peat plateaus without internal lawns or distinct collapse scars, but with permafrost; dominating in the northernmost area are peat plateaus with extensive permafrost and collapse scars. Relationships are apparent between the current - 1[degrees]C isotherm and the southern occurrence of peat plateaus and between the 0[degrees]C isotherm and the southern edge of bogs and fens with internal lawns. We interpret bogs and fens with internal lawns to represent areas where permafrost degradation ismore » currently occurring at a greater rate than aggradation, seemingly in response to warmer regional climate, although fire frequency may also be of local importance. 54 refs., 21 figs., 2 tabs. « less
Fractality of grain composition of Debris flows

Debris flows in essence are the process of mass transportation controlled by the constitution featured by a wide-ranged distribution of grain size. Debris-flow samples of different densities collected from different regions and gullies reveal that cumulative curve of grain composition, in particular for debris flows of high density,ps >2 g/cm3, can be fitted well by exponential function with exponents varying with regions and gullies. Debris flows fall into a narrow-valued domain of the exponent, as evidenced by Jiangjiagou Gully (JJG) with high occurrence frequency of debris flows. Furthermore, fractality of grain composition and porosity have been derived from cumulative curves in a certain size range, a range that determines the upper limit of grains constituting the matrix of debris flows. One can conclude that fractal structure of porosity plays crucial roles in soil fluidization that initiates debris flows, and debris flows occur at some range of fractal dimension, in coincidence with field observations.
Comparing Thoracic Epidural Anaesthesia to Rectus Sheath Catheter Analgesia for Postoperative Pain After Major Abdominal Surgeries: A Systematic Review

Controlling postoperative pain is essential for the greatest recovery following major abdominal surgery. Thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) has traditionally been considered the preferred method of providing pain relief after major abdominal surgeries. Thoracic epidural analgesia has a wide range of complications, including residual motor blockade, hypotension, urine retention with the need for urinary catheterisation, tethering to infusion pumps, and occasional failure rates. In recent years, rectus sheath catheter (RSC) analgesia has been gaining popularity. The purpose of this review is to compare the effectiveness of TEA and RSC in reducing pain following major abdominal surgeries. Four randomised controlled trials (RCTs) reporting outcomes of the visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score were included according to the set criteria. A total of 351 patients undergoing major abdominal surgery were included in this meta-analysis. There were 176 patients in the TEA group and 175 patients in the RSC group. In the random effect model analysis, there was no significant difference in VAS pain score in 24 hours at rest (standardised mean difference (SMD) -0.46; 95% CI -1.21 to 0.29; z=1.20, P=0.23) and movement (SMD -0.64; 95% CI -1.69 to -0.14; z=1.19, P=0.23) between TEA and RSC. Similarly, there was no significant difference in pain score after 48 hours at rest (SMD -0.14; 95% CI -0.36 to 0.08; z=1.29, P=0.20) or movement (SMD -0.69; 95% CI -2.03 to 0.64; z=1.02, P=0.31). In conclusion, our findings show that there was no significant difference in pain score between TEA and RSC following major abdominal surgery, and we suggest that both approaches can be used effectively according to the choice and expertise available.
Monitoring urban to peri‐urban development with integrated remote sensing and GIS information: a Leipzig, Germany case study

Urban planning mainly concentrates on the management of cities as an administrative unit. Urban regions, their state and development, constitute the major interaction of urbanization processes. Such regions comprise the urban core and its associated peri‐urban and rural areas. Urbanization processes along the rural–urban continuum need to be monitored by a complex set of indicators. In this paper the phenomena of growth and shrinkage patterns are investigated for an inner urban to peri‐urban gradient. The area of investigation is a transect covering the eastern part of the urban region of the city of Leipzig, Germany, with its surrounding communes. Selected patterns of spatial processes are analysed for the gradient using Satellite pour l'Observation de la Terre (SPOT) XS data, and additionally, Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data where SPOT data were missing. Further statistical information on social, economic and environmental sustainability issues related to land‐use changes is analysed. These spatial and statistical analyses are data‐driven and reflect a wide range of spatial, socio‐economic and ecological development being mutually intertwined. It will be shown how suburban communes and local districts within the city have developed disregarding sustainable planning. By the end of the 1990s peri‐urban communes started to be organized in a better coordinated regional development plan, this case study being part of the Grüner Ring Leipzig (Green Belt of Leipzig).
Functional Characterization of Novel MC4R Variants Identified in Two Unrelated Patients with Morbid Obesity in Qatar

The leptin–melanocortin pathway is pivotal in appetite and energy homeostasis. Pathogenic variants in genes involved in this pathway lead to severe early-onset monogenic obesity (MO). The MC4R gene plays a central role in leptin–melanocortin signaling, and heterozygous variants in this gene are the most common cause of MO. A targeted gene panel consisting of 52 obesity-related genes was used to screen for variants associated with obesity. Variants were analyzed and filtered to identify potential disease-causing activity and validated using Sanger sequencing. We identified two novel heterozygous variants, c.253A>G p.Ser85Gly and c.802T>C p.Tyr268His, in the MC4R gene in two unrelated patients with morbid obesity and evaluated the functional impact of these variants. The impact of the variants on the MC4R gene was assessed using in silico prediction tools and molecular dynamics simulation. To further study the pathogenicity of the identified variants, GT1-7 cells were transfected with plasmid DNA encoding either wild-type or mutant MC4R variants. The effects of allelic variations in the MC4R gene on cAMP synthesis, MC4R protein level, and activation of PKA, ERB, and CREB signaling pathways in both stimulated and unstimulated ɑ-MSH paradigms were determined for their functional implications. In silico analysis suggested that the variants destabilized the MC4R structure and affected the overall dynamics of the MC4R protein, possibly leading to intracellular receptor retention. In vitro analysis of the functional impact of these variants showed a significant reduction in cell surface receptor expression and impaired extracellular ligand binding activity, leading to reduced cAMP production. Our analysis shows that the variants do not affect total protein expression; however, they are predicted to affect the post-translational localization of the MC4R protein to the cell surface and impair downstream signaling cascades such as PKA, ERK, and CREB signaling pathways. This finding might help our patients to benefit from the novel therapeutic advances for monogenic forms of obesity.