Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sustainability in a Digitized Era Analyzing the Moderation Effect of Social Strata and Digital Capital Dependence on Digital Divide

Although we have evolved digitally and technologically in the 21st century, disparities still exist in society. The research problem cited for the study is the need to assess the impact of the digital divide in the formation of digital capital, where the already stratified society based on variables such as age, gender, education, and region (rural–urban) will act as moderators to mitigate the digital inequalities for a sustainable world. The research objectives are to explore the underpinning reasons for the digital divide in reinforcing social inequalities, quantify the impact of the digital divide on digital capital statistically, and to evaluate the moderating effect of social strata variables comparatively. The idea of digital capital culminates into five hypotheses for this study as the digital divide impacts digital capital, as well as the assessment of moderating effects of age, education, and region. Statistical tools, specifically frequency, percentage, reliability, ANOVA, correlation, and regression, have been used to test the hypothesis and proposed conceptual model. The social strata dimension in the study revealed a higher variance of opinion. Digital capital is taken as the dependent variable and the digital divide is the independent variable, which shows Beta as 0.591 and B as 0.585, indicating a good relationship of 59.1% and an effect of 58.5%. Finally, the research reveals that there exists a digital divide and, hence, digital inequalities in India need to be addressed for attaining various Sustainable Development Goals. The study has significant implications for the leaders and policymakers to work towards inclusivity by bridging the digital divide and eliminating digital inequalities in India.
Robust and Accurate Monocular Pose Tracking for Large Pose Shift

Tracking the pose of a specific rigid object from monocular sequences is a basic problem in computer vision. State-of-the-art methods assume motion continuity between two consecutive frames. However, drastic relative motion causes large interframe pose shifts, especially in applications such as robotic grasping, failed satellite maintenance, and space debris removal. Large pose shifts interrupt the interframe motion continuity leading to tracking failure. In this article, we propose a robust and accurate monocular pose tracking method for tracking objects with large pose shifts. Using an indexable sparse viewpoint model to represent the object 3D geometry, we propose establishing a transitional view, which is searched for in an efficient variable-step way, to recover motion continuity. Then, a region-based optimization algorithm is adopted to optimize the pose based on the transitional view. Finally, we use a single-rendering-based pose refinement process to achieve highly accurate pose results. The experiments on the region-based object tracking (RBOT) dataset, the modified RBOT dataset, the synthetic large pose shift sequences, and real sequences demonstrated that the proposed method achieved superior performance to the state-of-the-art methods in tracking objects with large pose shifts.
Output-Feedback Stabilization for a Class of Linear Parabolic Systems

We consider output-feedback stabilization problems for a class of two-component linear parabolic systems with boundary actuation and measurement. The state-feedback control laws are obtained using backstepping method and require measurement of the state at each point in the domain. To this end, backstepping observers are designed for both anti-collocated and collocated sensors and actuators. Furthermore, we show the closed-loop systems consisting of the plant, the backstepping control laws, and the observer is exponentially stable. The backstepping method is used to obtain both control and observer kernels. The kernels are the solution of $4\times4$ systems of second-order hyperbolic linear PDEs whose well-posedness is shown.
Steady states of lattice population models with immigration

ABSTRACT In a lattice population model where individuals evolve as subcritical branching random walks subject to external immigration, the cumulants are estimated and the existence of the steady state is proved. The resulting dynamics are Lyapunov stable in that their qualitative behavior does not change under suitable perturbations of the main parameters of the model. An explicit formula of the limit distribution is derived in the solvable case of no birth. Monte Carlo simulation shows the limit distribution in the solvable case.
A Closed-Loop PMSM Sensorless Control Based on the Machine Acoustic Noise

In this article, a novel sensorless control for permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) using its radiated acoustic noise is proposed in which a high-frequency voltage signal is superimposed upon the fundamental excitation and the machine response to such excitation is studied. First, the analytical equations describing the field formation within the airgap leading to the generation of radial forces and acoustic noise are extensively investigated. In the next step, resulting harmonics in the acoustic noise waveform caused by the injected signals are predicted. Then it is experimentally verified that, depending on the machine structure, there will be some distinctive sidebands around the injected frequency directly related to the fundamental synchronous frequency. Acoustic noise waveform is highly distorted and sensitive to the environment; so a proposed four-stage signal processing algorithm containing two self-adaptive band-pass filters are used to safeguard the signal against unwanted distortions and flawlessly extract the rotor position information. Robustness and effectiveness of this method are verified experimentally in various operating conditions.
Galois extensions and a conjecture of Ogg

Let $N=pq$ be a product of two distinct primes. There is an isogeny $J_0(N)^{\rm new}\to J^N$ defined over $\mathbf{Q}$ between the new quotient of $J_0(N)$ and the Jacobian of the Shimura curve attached to the indefinite quaternion algebra of discriminant $N$. In the case when $p=2,3,5,7,13$, Ogg made predictions about the kernels of these isogenies. We show that Ogg's conjecture is not true in general. Afterwards, we propose a strategy for proving results toward Ogg's conjecture in certain situations. Finally, we discuss this strategy in detail for $N=5\cdot 13$.
Efficacy Assessment of Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Systems in treating Faecal Sludge within Dar es Salaam City

Dar es Salaam Water and Sewerage Authority (DAWASA) considers DEWATS as effective system for faecal sludge management especially from unplanned settlements. No study has been done in Tanzania to assess the treatment efficiency, adoptability and sustainability of the systems. That being the case, this study aimed at assessing the treatment efficiency of the Decentralized Treatment Systems installed within the city. Kigamboni and Mburahati DEWATS were selected as case study areas for the study whereby, quantitative method was used for data collection. The collected results showed that most of the physical parameters were within the allowable range specified by Tanzanian Standards for municipal wastewater discharge (TZS 860:2006). Nitrate and Phosphate levels were within the allowable range at both treatment plants. The BOD5 and COD for Kigamboni DEWATS were four times higher than the maximum allowable safe limit for each. Both Kigamboni and Mburahati DEWATS failed to lower the coliform levels of faecal sludge to meet the maximum allowable discharge standard (10,000 cfu/100 ml) by having the effluent quality of 115,000 cfu/ 100 ml and 22,875,000 cfu/100 ml respectively. Addition of dosing chamber between the gravel filter and polishing dosed at 6mg/l of chlorine remediated the state.
Time Distributed Sequential Quadratic Programming for Model Predictive Control: Stability and Robustness

Suboptimal Model Predictive Control (SOMPC) is a technique for reducing the computational burden of MPC by exploiting the robustness of MPC to incomplete optimization. An SOMPC scheme distributes optimization iterations over time by maintaining a running solution estimate to the MPC optimal control problem (OCP) and updating it at each sampling instance. The resulting controller can be viewed as a dynamic compensator which is placed in closed-loop with the plant. This paper presents a systems theoretic analysis of SOMPC controllers that are implemented using time-distributed sequential quadratic programming (TD-SQP) methods. The coupled plant-optimizer system is analyzed using input-to-state stability concepts and suﬃcient conditions for stability and constraint satisfaction are derived. Numerical simulations are presented which demonstrate the eﬀectiveness of the scheme.
Active-Set Newton Methods and Partial Smoothness

Diverse optimization algorithms correctly identify, in finite time, intrinsic constraints that must be active at optimality. Analogous behavior extends beyond optimization to systems involving partly smooth operators, and in particular to variational inequalities over partly smooth sets. As in classical nonlinear programming, such active‐set structure underlies the design of accelerated local algorithms of Newton type. We formalize this idea in broad generality as a simple linearization scheme for two intersecting manifolds.
EXOTIC SMOOTH ℝ4 AND CERTAIN CONFIGURATIONS OF NS AND D BRANES IN STRING THEORY

In this paper, we show that in some important cases, four-dimensional data can be extracted from superstring theory such that (i) the data are Euclidean four-geometries embedded in standard ℝ4, (ii) these data depend on NS and D brane charges of some string backgrounds, (iii) it is of potential relevance to four-dimensional physics, (iv) the compactification and stabilization techniques are not in use, but are rather replaced. We analyze certain configurations of NS and D-branes in the context of SU(2) WZW model and find the correlations with different exotic smoothings of ℝ4. First, the dynamics of D-branes in SU(2) WZW model at finite k, i.e. the charges of the branes, refers to the exoticness of ambient ℝ4. Next, the correspondence between exotic smoothness on four-space, transversal to the world volume of NS5 branes in type IIA, and the number of these NS5 branes follows. Finally, the translation of ten-dimensional string backgrounds to Euclidean four-spaces embedded as open subsets in the standard ℝ4 is achieved.
Remarks on the paper "Non-existence of Shilnikov chaos in continuous-time systems"

The present note refers to a result proposed in [2], and shows that the Theorem therein is not correct. We explain that a proof of that Theorem cannot be given, as the statement is not correct, and we underline a mistake occurring in their proof. Since this note is supplementary to [2], the reader should consult this paper for further explanations of the matter and the symbols used.
Passive Only Microwave Soil Moisture Retrieval in Indian Cropping Conditions: Model Parameterization and Validation

The present study carried out to parameterize the single channel soil moisture active passive (SMAP) passive soil moisture (SM) retrieval algorithm, over Indian conditions. The moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) data products and soil texture data were used for an improved parameterization of the algorithm. The bias correction was applied to the MODIS leaf area index (LAI) for accurate computation of vegetation optical depth. The necessary vegetation and roughness parameter were calibrated through minimization of the error between model retrieved and ground measured SM. The value of root mean square error (RMSE) for retrieved SM was found as <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.059\,\,m^{3}m^{-3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with bias and correlation coefficients of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.036\,\,m^{3}m^{-3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and 0.724 for ascending overpass, respectively, while a lower value was recorded (RMSE = <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.059\,\,m^{3}m^{-3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, bias = <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.024\,\,m^{3}m^{-3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and correlation coefficients = 0.752) for descending overpass. The same method is also implemented on two other test sites in different regions of India to check the model robustness, which indicates that the current parameterization provides a better estimate of SM over croplands in India. The overall performance of new parameterized model is found as (RMSE = 0.052 and bias = 0.034) for ascending and descending (RMSE = 0.048 and bias = 0.026) satellite overpasses for all the three test sites. Additionally, the intercomparing of various operational SM products SMAP SM (L2_SM_P), Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) SM (SMOS_L3_SM), and SMOS-IC data products was carried out with the SAC-ISRO PAN India SM network, which showed a significant RMSE, dry and wet biases over all three test sites as compared to the developed improved parameterized algorithm.
Community Inclusivity and Teenage Pregnancy Prevention Project in Rwanda: A case of association of Kigali Women in Sports in Musanze District

- The study examined the role of community inclusivity on teenage pregnancy prevention project: a case of Association of Kigali Women in Sport project in Musanze District, Rwanda. The specific objectives were to determine effect of community inclusivity in project selection, planning, execution on teenage pregnancy prevention. The significance of this study is based on the extension of researchers’ skills on involving beneficiaries in all phases of project. The final work serves as a reference tool to the future research. Results would help the community to note that absence of effective utilization of skills in development activities which cause the project in the community enable to attain its expected outcomes. The study adopted stakeholder theory, and modernization theory. The study used a descriptive and correlation research designs with a mixed approach. The target population was 379 of which a sample of 118 respondents were chosen by simple random sampling technique. The study gathered data using questionnaire and interview guide. Quantitative data was analyzed through descriptive statistics while inferential statistics was used to establish correlation and regression analysis between variables. Results to the first objective show that community inclusivity in project planning and project execution significantly affect teenage pregnancy prevention. Results indicate that the R coefficient . 877 reveals that community inclusivity in project selection has a positive relationship with teenage pregnancy prevention. Results to the second objective show that the R coefficient . 818 reveals that community inclusivity in planning has a positive relationship with teenage prevention pregnancy. Results to the third objective show that the R coefficient . 912 reveals that community inclusivity in execution has a positive relationship with teenage pregnancy prevention. The study concludes that community inclusivity play a very crucial role for ensuring teenage pregnancy prevention. The study recommends that beneficiaries should be trained in order to have active participation in project planning, execution, monitoring and evaluation. The staff of AKWOS project should include all stakeholders and beneficiaries in selecting, planning and executing teenage pregnancy prevention project. Donors should follow ups the application of community inclusivity towards the reduction of teenage pregnancy. Local leaders should advocate for the project beneficiaries.
Caminando a hombros de gigantes: intersección entre la genómica y la IA

El presente manuscrito revisa las aplicaciones actuales de la inteligencia artificial (IA) en genómica funcional. La reciente explosión de la IA sigue a los notables logros que ha hecho posible el “aprendizaje profundo”, junto con una explosión de “grandes conjuntos de datos” que pueden satisfacer su necesidad. Esto ha sido posible gracias a los enormes avances en el campo de las tecnologías de alto rendimiento, aplicadas para determinar cómo los componentes individuales de un sistema biológico trabajan juntos para lograr diferentes procesos. Las disciplinas que contribuyen a este volumen de datos se conocen colectivamente como genómica funcional. Consisten en estudios de: i) la información contenida en el ADN (genómica); ii) las modificaciones que el ADN puede sufrir de forma reversible (epigenómica); iii) las transcripciones de ARN originadas por un genoma (transcriptómica); iv) el conjunto de modificaciones químicas que decoran diferentes tipos de transcripciones del ARN (epitranscriptómica); v) los productos de las transcripciones que codifican proteínas (proteómica); y vi) las pequeñas moléculas producidas a partir del metabolismo celular (metabolómica) presentes en un organismo o sistema en un momento dado, en condiciones fisiológicas o patológicas.
Flying STAR2, a Hybrid Flying Driving Robot With a Clutch Mechanism and Energy Optimization Algorithm

This paper presents FSTAR2, an improved FSTAR design, and a near optimal energy-based algorithm for a flying-driving robot that can navigate in environments crowded with obstacles. The robot can be used for tasks such as package deliveries, industrial inspection, and search and rescue applications. FSTAR2 is fitted with a clutch mechanism that separates the propellers from the motors when driving. Experiments show that the clutch reduces the driving energy consumption by up to 52% and enables driving at higher speeds. To optimize its energy consumption (reducing its normalized energy cost) the FSTAR2 exploits its flying and driving capabilities by implementing a new approach which encloses the search space of the weighted <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{A}^{\ast} $ </tex-math></inline-formula> algorithm and finds a new weight for the heuristic function, yielding a near optimal solution. Given that both flying and driving speeds are subject to environmental restrictions, the algorithm favors driving whenever possible (driving is almost three times more energy efficient at the considered speed – 2 m/s). Multiple simulations in different environments were conducted and the findings were compared to Dijkstra’s algorithm to estimate the quality of the results. In general, the weighted <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{A}^{\ast} $ </tex-math></inline-formula> algorithm reduced the number of iterations vs the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{A}^{\ast} $ </tex-math></inline-formula> algorithm and produced very similar values to Dijkstra’s Algorithm. The experimental robot can fly like a regular drone, penetrate (25 cm/10 inches diameter) pipes and drive at speeds of up to 4.5 m/s, which is an increase of 50% compared to FSTAR.
Settling Angle-Based Stability Criterion for Power-Electronics-Dominated Power Systems

Impedance-based analysis methods are widely applied to the small-signal stability analysis of grid-connected converters. As the initial step to carry out the impedance-based stability analysis, it is critical to select whether to represent the converter as a Norton or Thevenin equivalent circuit. However, there is lack of definition on the representation of converters, and inappropriately selected impedance model choice leads to improper stability analysis. Moreover, existing impedance-based stability analysis methods, e.g., return-ratio matrix (RRM)-based method, only apply to minimum phase systems where the RRM does not contain right-half-plane poles. In complex and power-electronics-dominated power systems, interactions between multiple converters lead to nonminimum phase power systems, where current methods can no longer be directly applied. To address these problems, a stability criterion is proposed by introducing the concept of settling angle. As the main contribution of this article, the settling angle of total admittance is proven as the intrinsic hallmark of power systems and directly reflects the system stability. The proposed settling-angle-based stability criterion is validated by control hardware-in-the-loop experimental results for a three-terminal system that integrates grid-forming and grid-following converters through a common bus.
PRPS2 mutations drive acute lymphoblastic leukemia relapse through influencing PRPS1/2 hexamer stability

Tumor relapse is the major cause of treatment failure in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), yet the underlying mechanisms are still elusive. Here, we demonstrate that phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 2 (PRPS2) mutations drive ALL relapse through influencing PRPS1/2 hexamer stability. Ultra-deep sequencing was performed to identify PRPS2 mutations in ALL samples. The effects of PRPS2 mutations on cell survival, cell apoptosis, and drug resistance were evaluated. In vitro PRPS2 enzyme activity and ADP/GDP feedback inhibition of PRPS enzyme activity were assessed. Purine metabolites were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS). Integrating sequencing data with clinical information, we identified PRPS2 mutations only in relapsed childhood ALL with thiopurine therapy. Functional PRPS2 mutations mediated purine metabolism specifically on thiopurine treatment by influencing PRPS1/2 hexamer stability, leading to reduced nucleotide feedback inhibition of PRPS activity and enhanced thiopurine resistance. The 3-amino acid V103-G104-E105, the key difference between PRPS1 and PRPS2, insertion in PRPS2 caused severe steric clash to the interface of PRPS hexamer, leading to its low enzyme activity. In addition, we demonstrated that PRPS2 P173R increased thiopurine resistance in xenograft models. Our work describes a novel mechanism by which PRPS2 mutants drive childhood ALL relapse and highlights PRPS2 mutations as biomarkers for relapsed childhood ALL.
Boundary behavior of solutions of elliptic operators in divergence form with a BMO anti-symmetric part

Abstract In this article, we investigate the boundary behavior of solutions of divergence-form operators with an elliptic symmetric part and a BMO antisymmetric part. Our results will hold in non-tangentially accessible (NTA) domains; these general domains were introduced by Jerison and Kenig and include the class of Lipschitz domains. We establish the Hölder continuity of the solutions at the boundary, existence of elliptic measures ωL associated to such operators, and the well-posedness of the continuous Dirichlet problem as well as the Dirichlet problem in NTA domains. The equivalence in the Lp norm of the square function and the non-tangential maximal function under certain conditions remains valid. When specialized to Lipschitz domains, it is then possible to extend, to these operators, various criteria for determining mutual absolute continuity of elliptic measure with surface measure.