Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Study of Firm Value: Four Factors of Good Corporate Governance Listed on the IDX LQ-45 Index on Earnings Management

: This study aims to analyze the effect of good corporate governance consisting of institutional ownership, managerial ownership, independent commissioners, and audit quality on firm value with earnings management as an intervening variable. This research was conducted on companies listed in the LQ-45 Index on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period 2015-2017. The sample used in this study was purposive sampling so that 30 companies were selected according to the criteria. The data analysis used is path analysis. The results of this study indicate that institutional ownership and audit quality have a significant effect on earnings management, managerial ownership, and independent commissioners affect firm value, and only institutional ownership and audit quality have a significant effect on firm value through earnings management.
Diffusion in a field of homogeneous turbulence

Abstract In an earlier paper the author considered the problem of the turbulent diffusion, relative to a fixed origin, of a cloud of marked fluid whose initial position is given. This was found to be determined by the initial shape of the cloud and the statistical properties of the displacement of a single fluid particle. The present paper is concerned with the relative diffusion of the cloud, i.e. with the tendency to change its shape, or, more precisely, with that part of the relative diffusion which is described by the probability that a given vector y can lie with both its ends in marked fluid at time t. This aspect of the relative diffusion is found to be determined by the initial shape of the cloud and the statistical properties of the separation, at time t, of two fluid particles of given initial separation. The statistical functions introduced to describe the relative diffusion are found to be related to Richardson's distance-neighbour function. The relative diffusion of two particles is a more complex problem than diffusion of a single particle about a fixed origin because the relative diffusion depends on the initial separation. The closer the particles are together, the smaller is the range of eddy sizes that contributes to their relative velocity; for the same reason, relative diffusion is an accelerating process, until the particles are very far apart and wander independently. The hypothesis is made that if the initial separation is small enough, the probability distribution of the separation will tend asymptotically to a form independent of the initial separation, before the particles move independently. This hypothesis permits various simple deductions, some of which make use of Kolmogoroff's similarity theory. The important question of the description of the relative diffusion by a differential equation is examined; Richardson has put forward one suggestion, and another, based on a normal distribution of the separation, is made herein.
Role of nerve signal transduction and neuroimmune crosstalk in mediating the analgesic effects of acupuncture for neuropathic pain

Neurogenic pain rises because of nervous system damage or dysfunction and is the most difficult to treat among other pathological pains. Acupuncture has been reported as a great treatment option for neurogenic pain owing to its unlimited advantages. However, previous studies on the analgesic effects of acupuncture for NP were scattered and did not form a whole. In this study, we first comprehensively review the relevant basic articles on acupuncture for NP published in the last 5 years and summarize the analgesic mechanisms of acupuncture in terms of nerve signaling, neuro-immune crosstalk, and metabolic and oxidative stress regulation. Acupuncture inhibits the upstream excitatory system and suppresses neuronal transmission efficiency by downregulating glutamate, NMDA receptors, P2XR, SP, CGRP, and other neurotransmitters and receptors in the spinal cord, as well as plasma channels such as TRPV1, HCN. It can also activate the downstream pain inhibitory pathway by upregulating opioid peptide (β-endorphin), MOR receptors, GABA and GABA receptors, bi-directional regulating 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and its receptors (upregulate 5-HT 1A and downregulate 5-HT7R) and stimulating hypothalamic appetite-modifying neurons. Moreover, neuroinflammation in pain can be inhibited by acupuncture through inhibiting JAK2/STAT3, PI3K/mTOR pathways, down regulating chemokine receptor CX3CR1 on microglia and up regulating adenosine receptor A1Rs on astrocytes, inhibiting the activation of glia and reducing TNF-α and other inflammatory substances. Acupuncture also inhibits neuronal glucose metabolism by downregulating mPFC's GLUT-3 and promotes metabolic alterations of the brain, thus exerting an analgesic effect. In conclusion, the regulation of nerve signal transduction and neuroimmune crosstalk at the peripheral and central levels mediates the analgesic effects of acupuncture for neuropathic pain in an integrated manner. These findings provide a reliable basis for better clinical application of acupuncture in the management of neuropathic pain.
Spatial distribution of supratentorial diffuse gliomas: A retrospective study of 990 cases

Background Gliomas distribute unevenly in the supratentorial brain space. Many factors were linked to tumor locations. This study aims to describe a more detailed distributing pattern of these tumors with age and pathological factors concerned. Methods A consecutive series of 990 adult patients with newly-diagnosed supratentorial diffuse gliomas who underwent resection in Beijing Tiantan Hospital between January 2013 and January 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. For each patient, the anatomic locations were identified by the preoperative MRI, and the pathological subtypes were reviewed for histological grade and molecular status (if any) from his medical record. The MNI template was manually segmented to measure each anatomic location’s volume, and its invaded ratio was then adjusted by the volume to calculate the frequency density. Factors of age and pathological subtypes were also compared among locations. Results The insulae, hippocampi, and corpus callosum were locations of the densest frequencies. The frequency density decreased from the anterior to posterior (frontal - motor region - sensory region - parietal - occipital), while the grade (p < 0.0001) and the proportion of IDH-wt (p < 0.0001) increased. More tumors invading the right basal ganglion were MGMT-mt (p = 0.0007), and more of those invading the left frontal were TERT-wt (p = 0.0256). Age varied among locations and pathological subtypes. Conclusions This study demonstrated more detailed spatial disproportions of supratentorial gliomas. There are potential interactions among age, pathological subtypes, and tumor locations.
Deep learning-aided joint DG-substation siting and sizing in distribution network stochastic expansion planning

The rapid growth of distributed generation (DG) and load has highlighted the necessity of optimizing their ways of integration, as their siting and sizing significantly impact distribution networks. However, little attention has been paid to the siting and sizing of new substations which are to be installed. This paper proposes deep learning-aided joint DG-substation siting and sizing in distribution network stochastic expansion planning. First, as the model depends on an accurate forecast, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) deep neural network is used to forecast DG output and load, where electricity growth rate, bidding capacity of the electric expansion, and industrial difference are all considered. Then, a two-stage stochastic mixed integer bilinear programming model was established for joint DG-substation siting and sizing under uncertainties, where multiple objective functions are comprehensively addressed. By using the Fortuny-Amat McCarl Linearization, the resultant bilinear model is equivalently transformed into a mixed integer linear program, which can be efficiently solved. Finally, stochastic power flow calculation in the IEEE 69-node system is conducted to analyze the influence of electric expansion and DG integration on the node voltage and power flow distribution of the power system. The effectiveness of the proposed method is also verified by simulation tests.
Editorial: Network mining and propagation dynamics analysis

Key Laboratory of Information and Communication Systems, Ministry of Information Industry, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing, China, Key Laboratory of ModernMeasurement and Control Technology, Ministry of Education Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing, China, State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China, School of Information and Communication Technology, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
Multiplexed target enrichment of coding and non-coding transcriptomes enables studying Candida spp. infections from human derived samples

The study of transcriptomic interactions between host and pathogens in in vivo conditions is challenged by the low relative amounts of the pathogen RNA. Yeast opportunistic pathogens of the genus Candida can cause life-threatening systemic infections in immunocompromised patients, and are of growing medical concern. Four phylogenetically diverse species account for over 90% of Candida infections, and their specific interactions with various human tissues are still poorly understood. To enable in vivo transcriptomic analysis in these species, we designed and validated pan-Candida target capture probes to enrich protein-coding and non-coding transcriptomes. The probe-based enrichment approach outperformed enrichment based on differential lysis of host cells, and showed similar enrichment performance as an existing capture design, yet achieving better fidelity of expression levels, enabling species multiplexing and capturing of lncRNAs. In addition, we show that our probe-based enrichment strategy allows robust genotype-based identification of the infecting strain present in the sample.
Ultrasound-guided anterior iliopsoas muscle space block effectively reduces intraoperative hypotension in elderly adults undergoing hip surgery: A randomised controlled trial

Background Hypotension often occurs during hip surgery in elderly adults with conventional posterior lumbosacral plexus block. Purpose We conducted a randomised controlled trial to determine if simple iliopsoas space block can lower the incidence of intraoperative hypotension (IOH) and provide sufficient perioperative pain relief during hip fracture surgery in elderly adults. Methods Patients undergoing surgery for elderly hip fracture were randomised to receive either an anterior iliopsoas space block with a lateral femoral cutaneous nerve block or a posterior lumbosacral plexus block. The primary outcome was a composite measure of IOH incidence comprising frequency, absolute and relative hypotension durations. Results Compared to the posterior group, the iliopsoas space block group had a decreased median frequency of IOH [1.09 (0–2. 14) vs. 3 (1.6–4.8), p = 0.001, respectively] along with lower absolute [5 (0–10) min] and relative [minutes below systolic blood pressure of 100 mmHg in % of total anaesthesia time, 6.67 (0–7.65)] duration of IOH compared to the posterior group [35 (10–45) min, p = 0.008; 37.6 (12.99–66.18), p = 0.004, respectively]. The median pain levels in the post-anaesthesia care unit and median intraoperative sufentanil usage were comparable between the iliopsoas space group [2 (1–3); 8 (6–10) μg] and posterior group [1 (0–3); 5 (5–8) μg]. Thermal imaging revealed that the limb injected with the iliopsoas space block had a higher skin temperature than the unblocked limb in the sacral plexus innervated region. Conclusion A single iliopsoas space block lowers the IOH incidence and provides comparable perioperative analgesia to conventional lumbosacral plexus block. Clinical Trial Registration Trial registration at www.chictr. org.cn (ChiCTR2100051394); registered 22 September 2021.
Advanced intestinal regulation improves bowel preparation quality in patients with constipation: A systematic review and network meta-analysis

Background: Inadequate bowel preparation (IBP) has a critical influence on the colonoscopy procedure and is associated with significantly lower rates of detection of colorectal lesions. Constipation is an important risk factor of IBP, and some studies have attempted to address the bowel cleansing for constipated patients. However, there is still lack of consensus to guide the clinical work of bowel preparation (BP) for patients with constipation. Therefore, we aimed to perform a network meta-analysis to compare the overall efficacy of various regimens for BP in constipated patients. Methods: We performed a comprehensive search of PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Web of science to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of bowel preparation regimens in constipated patients, update to January 2021. Two investigators independently evaluated articles and extracted data. The odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to combine dichotomous data of the primary outcome which was defined as adequate bowel preparation (ABP). Rank probability was used to exhibit the outcome of the network meta-analysis. Results: Eleven studies that included 1891 constipated patients were identified as suitable for inclusion. The proportion of ABP was associated with the administration of intensive regimen (OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.16–4.17, p = .02, I2 = 84%). Moreover, an intensive regimen had a significant efficacy and light heterogeneity when the same basic laxative program was used (OR 4.06, 95% CI 3.04–5.43, p < .0001, I2 = 0%). In the network meta-analysis, the protocol of a normal regimen + A (normal regimen plus advanced intestinal regulation) had a significant effect for bowel preparation compared with a normal regimen + IR (normal regimen plus irritating laxative regimen) (OR 5.21, 95% CI 1.18–24.55), H PEG (4L- polyethylene glycol) (OR 8.70, 95% CI 1.75–52.56), and normal regimen (NR) (OR 7.37, 95% CI 2.33–26.39). In the remaining protocols, no significant difference was observed in any comparison. No significant severe adverse events (AEs) associated with bowel preparation were reported in included studies. Conclusion: Intensive regimens could improve bowel cleansing quality for patients with constipation, and advanced intestinal regulation regimens may be superior to others.
Binding and functional structure-activity similarities of 4-substituted 2,5-dimethoxyphenyl isopropylamine analogues at 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B serotonin receptors

Certain 4-substituted analogs of 1-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)isopropylamine (2,5-DMA) are psychoactive classical hallucinogens or serotonergic psychedelic agents that function as human 5-HT2A (h5-HT2A) serotonin receptor agonists. Activation of a related receptor population, h5-HT2B receptors, has been demonstrated to result in adverse effects including cardiac valvulopathy. We previously published on the binding of several such agents at the two receptor subtypes. We hypothesized that, due to their structural similarity, the 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B receptor affinities of these agents might be related, and that QSAR studies might aid future studies. For a series of 13 compounds, it is demonstrated here that i) their published rat brain 5-HT2 receptor affinities are significantly correlated with their h5-HT2A (r = 0.942) and h5-HT2B (r = 0.916) affinities, ii) as with r5-HT2 receptor affinity, h5-HT2A affinity is correlated with the lipophilicity of the 4-position substituent (r = 0.798), iii) that eight of the ten compounds examined in functional (Ca+2 mobilization in stable cell lines generated expressing the human 5-HT2B receptor using the Flp-In T-REx system) assays acted as h5-HT2B agonists (4-substituent = H, F, Br, I, OCH2CH3, NO2, nC3H7, tC4H9) and two (n-hexyl and benzyl) as antagonists, iv) h5-HT2B affinity but not action was correlated with the lipophilicity of the 4-position substituent (r = 0.750; n = 10). The findings suggest that h5-HT2B receptor affinity, and its relationship to substituent lipophilicity, might be approximated by rat and h5-HT2A affinity but cannot be used as a predictor of h5-HT2B agonist action of 2,5-DMA analogs. Furthermore, given that certain 2,5-DMA analogs are on the clandestine market, their potential to produce cardiac side effects following persistent or chronic use via activation of h5-HT2B receptors should be considered.
Reliability of Ratings for Multiple Judges: Intraclass Correlation and Metric Scales

Scale-dependent procedures are presented for assessing the reliability of ratings for multiple judges using intraclass correlation. Scale type is defined in terms of admissible transformations, and standardizing transformations for ratio and in terval scales are presented to solve the problem of adjusting ratings for "arbitrary scale factors" (unit and/or origin of the scale). The theory of mean ingfulness of numerical statements is introduced and the coefficient of relational agreement (Stine, 1989b) is defined as the degree of agreement among judges, with respect to (scale-dependent) empirically meaningful relationships. Other topics discussed include the treatment of variability due to judges in relation to scale type, and the reliabili ty of magnitude estimates in psychophysics.
Distributed topology identification algorithm of distribution network based on neighboring interaction

Intelligent distributed control and protection is a promising route towards flexible and safety operation of distribution network with widespread access of distributed energy resources A fundamental premise of the distributed decision-making is that each smart terminal can identify the topological structure of the feeder and track its changes. This paper proposes a distributed topology identification algorithm with high fault tolerance based on peer-to-peer communication. The smart terminal units (STU) installed on the nodes can dynamiclly track and identify the network topology through local measurement and information exchange with neighboring STUs. The proposed algorithm combines local measurement mutual check with contralateral connectivity predictive correction, and significantly improves the tolerance of measurement errors in topology identification. Test examples are presented to verify the effectiveness of the method.
Efficacy of sewage sludge derived biochar on enhancing soil health and crop productivity in strongly acidic soil

Converting sewage sludge to biochar to serve as soil amendment and nutrient supplement to cropland may be an environmental benign and value-added approach to recycle the waste. Potting experiments were conducted to examine the efficacy of sludge biochar amendments on enhancing soil health and crop productivity. Strongly acidic soil (pH=5.0) was amended with sludge biochar at three different concentrations: 0 (control), 1% and 2% of its dry weight, and packed into plastic buckets (9.45-L) to a bulk density of 1.1 g cm-3, and each treatment had three replicates. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), spinach (Spinacia oleracea), and Mung bean (Vigna radiata) were sequentially grown for nine months under greenhouse and field conditions (each crop cycle lasted three months). The above-ground biomass was collected, and oven dried at 65°C for 72 hours to assess plant biomass yield. Soil health parameters such as aggregates stability, pH, electric conductivity (EC), soil respiration, and microbial biomass C were measured. Soils amended with 2% biochar demonstrated higher biomass yield in winter wheat and spinach crops compared to those amended with 1% biochar and unamended control, on the other hand, mung bean did not present significant difference in all treatments. Similarly, 2% biochar demonstrated high aggregates stability (19.85%) followed by control (9%) and 1% biochar (8.3%). Soil acidity was neutralized in soils amended with 2% biochar (pH: 6.5) compared to control (pH: 5.8) and 1% biochar (pH: 5.5). EC was in the ideal level (<2.7 dS m-1) for all treatments. Soil respiration was not significantly different in all treatments. Microbial biomass C was higher in control and 2% biochar with significant differences towards 1% biochar. These findings provide additional evidence that sludge biochar promote plant growth and improve certain soil health parameters. However, the effect of sludge biochar in soil biological properties was not observed. Therefore, long-term field experiments are needed to assess the amendment effect of sludge biochar on microbial biomass C and soil respiration to validate the persistent efficacy of sludge biochar amendments on facilitating crop production, crop productivity, and soil health.
Benefits of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin on mortality in patients with severe COVID-19: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis

Background The clinical benefits of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) in treating COVID-19 remained controversial. Methods We systematically searched databases up to February 17, 2022, for studies examining the efficacy of IVIg compared to routine care. Meta-analyses were conducted using the random-effects model. Subgroup analysis, meta-regression, and trial series analysis w ere performed to explore heterogeneity and statistical significance. Results A total of 4,711 hospitalized COVID-19 patients (1,925 IVIg treated and 2786 control) were collected from 17 studies, including five randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 12 cohort studies. The application of IVIg was not associated with all-cause mortality (RR= 0.89 [0.63, 1.26], P= 0.53; I2 = 75%), the length of hospital stays (MD= 0.29 [-3.40, 6.44] days, P= 0.88; I2 = 96%), the needs for mechanical ventilation (RR= 0.93 ([0.73, 1.19], P= 0.31; I2 = 56%), or the incidence of adverse events (RR= 1.15 [0.99, 1.33], P= 0.06; I2 = 20%). Subgroup analyses showed that overall mortality among patients with severe COVID-19 was reduced in the high-dose IVIg subgroup (RR= 0.33 [0.13, 0.86], P= 0.02, I2 = 68%; very low certainty). Conclusions Results of this study suggest that severe hospitalized COVID-19 patients treated with high-dose IVIg would have a lower risk of death than patients with routine care. Systematic review registration https://www.crd. york.ac. uk/prospero/display_record. php? ID=CRD42021231040, identifier CRD42021231040.
Progress on neoadjuvant immunotherapy in resectable non-small cell lung cancer and potential biomarkers

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are highly concerned in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), represented by inhibitors of programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1), and inhibitors of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4). The introduction of immunotherapy in the treatment of perioperative NSCLC has improved the prognosis to a great extent, as demonstrated by several phase II and III clinical trials. The target population for immunotherapy in early-stage NSCLC is still under discussion, and the biomarkers for neoadjuvant immunotherapy population selection are the next pending problem. The predictive efficacy of many potential makers is still being explored, including PD-L1 expression levels, tumor mutation burden, circulating tumor DNA, components of the tumor microenvironment, and several clinical factors. We summarize key findings on the utility of ICIs in clinical trials of preoperative NSCLC patients and conclude analyses of relevant biomarkers to provide a better understanding of potentially predictive biomarkers in neoadjuvant immunotherapy.