Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FPGA Implementation of Software Defined Radio Model based 16 QAM

Software defined radio (SDR) has emerged as a priority theme of research since it will substitute for conventional implementation on wireless communication system. In this paper, a multi-standards SDR model is designed and implemented in FPGA form using Xilinx system generator technique. According to the under sampling theory which is used in this model, the received 70MHz carrier is sampled at 40MHz and the performance of the proposed model with different standards’ like GSM,OFDM, and WCDMA using 16QAM modem is produced attractive behavior with different channel effective and minimum BER. Therefore make develop on 3G of wireless and mobile systems more economical, effective and accelerate the transition from 3G to 4G of wireless systems.
Reduced Serum Vitamin D–Binding Protein Levels Are Associated With Type 1 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE Previous studies have noted a specific association between type 1 diabetes and insufficient levels of vitamin D, as well as polymorphisms within genes related to vitamin D pathways. Here, we examined whether serum levels or genotypes of the vitamin D–binding protein (VDBP), a molecule key to the biologic actions of vitamin D, specifically associate with the disorder. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of VDBP levels used samples from 472 individuals of similar age and sex distribution, including 153 control subjects, 203 patients with type 1 diabetes, and 116 first-degree relatives of type 1 diabetic patients. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing for VDBP polymorphisms (SNP rs4588 and rs7041) was performed on this cohort to determine potential genetic correlations. In addition, SNP analysis of a second sample set of banked DNA samples from 1,502 type 1 diabetic patients and 1,880 control subjects also was used to determine genotype frequencies. RESULTS Serum VDBP levels were highest in healthy control subjects (median 423.5 µg/mL [range 193.5–4,345.0; interquartile range 354.1–]586), intermediate in first-degree relatives (402.9 µg/mL [204.7–4,850.0; 329.6–492.4]), and lowest in type 1 diabetic patients (385.3 µg/mL [99.3–1,305.0; 328.3–473.0]; P = 0.003 vs. control subjects). VDBP levels did not associate with serum vitamin D levels, age, or disease duration. However, VDBP levels were, overall, lower in male subjects (374.7 µg/mL [188.9–1,602.0; 326.9–449.9]) than female subjects (433.4 µg/mL [99.3–4,850.0; 359.4–567.8]; P < 0.0001). It is noteworthy that no differences in genotype frequencies of the VDBP polymorphisms were associated with serum VDBP levels or between type 1 diabetic patients and control subjects. CONCLUSIONS Serum VDBP levels are decreased in those with type 1 diabetes. These studies suggest that multiple components in the metabolic pathway of vitamin D may be altered in type 1 diabetes and, collectively, have the potential to influence disease pathogenesis.
The 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake: Investigation of rupture velocity, risetime, and high‐frequency radiation

A hybrid global search algorithm is used to solve the nonlinear problem of calculating slip amplitude, rake, risetime, and rupture time on a finite fault. Thirty-five strong motion velocity records are inverted by this method over the frequency band from 0.1 to 1.0 Hz for the Northridge earthquake. Four regions of larger-amplitude slip are identified: one near the hypocenter at a depth of 17 km, a second west of the hypocenter at about the same depth, a third updip from the hypocenter at a depth of 10 km, and a fourth updip from the hypocenter and to the northwest. The results further show an initial fast rupture with a velocity of 2.8 to 3.0 km/s followed by a slow termination of the rupture with velocities of 2.0 to 2.5 km/s. The initial energetic rupture phase lasts for 3 s, extending out 10 km from the hypocenter. Slip near the hypocenter has a short risetime of 0.5 s, which increases to 1.5 s for the major slip areas removed from the hypocentral region. The energetic rupture phase is also shown to be the primary source of high-frequency radiation (1–15 Hz) by an inversion of acceleration envelopes. The same global search algorithm is used in the envelope inversion to calculate high-frequency radiation intensity on the fault and rupture time. The rupture timing from the low- and high-frequency inversions is similar, indicating that the high frequencies are produced primarily at the mainshock rupture front. Two major sources of high-frequency radiation are identified within the energetic rupture phase, one at the hypocenter and another deep source to the west of the hypocenter. The source at the hypocenter is associated with the initiation of rupture and the breaking of a high-stress-drop asperity and the second is associated with stopping of the rupture in a westerly direction.
Discussion Papers in Economics Dynamics of Output Growth, Consumption and Physical Capital in Two-Sector Models of Endogenous Growth Data Better?

Conventional wisdom usually suggests that agents should use all the data they have to make the best possible prediction. In this paper, however, it is shown that agents may sometimes be able to make better predictions by throwing away old data. The optimality criterion agents adopt is the mean squared error criterion. ∗ Acknowledgements paper postdoctoral fellow at the Research Unit on Economic Structures and Growth (RUESG), Dept of Economics, University of Helsinki, Finland. Financial support from the Academy of Finland and the Yrj(cid:246) Jahnsson Foundation is gratefully acknowl- edged. I am very grateful to Seppo Honkapohja for asking me the question which led to this paper. Apart from bene (cid:222) tting constantly from his comments and suggestions, some of the ideas have also crystallized in the course of collaboration with him on a related project. I am grateful to George Evans for help-ful discussions and suggestions. Comments provided by Karim Abadir, Emilio Barucci, John Du ﬀ y, Ed Greenberg, Cars Hommes, Manuel Santos, Gerhard Sorger and Gabriel Talmain were useful. The usual disclaimer applies.
MAGNETOSPHERIC SUBSTORMS

The Earth's magnetic tail acts as a reservoir for the energy that is extracted by the interaction between the solar wind and the Earth's magnetosphere. Occasionally, a portion of that energy is released through a violent process known as a magnetospheric substorm. The sub storm is one of the most important magnetospheric phenomena, and it is the subject of extensive research. Recent work utilizing data collected by the Active Magnetospheric Particle Tracer Explorers/Charge Composition Explorer satellite, built at APL, has contributed markedly to our understanding of substorms.
The Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Microsaccade Reflect the Interaction between Saccadic Choice and Intrinsic Directional Bias

Microsaccades have long been reported to associate with visual perception and other cognitive functions such as eliminating visual fading, supporting detailed visual sampling and indicating the direction of covert attention. However, despite the knowledge that the direction of microsaccades might be modulated by multiple factors, e.g., the loci of covert attention and saccadic target, the detailed modulations remain unclear due to the fact that the spatiotemporal dynamics of microsaccades direction has not been systematically studied. The specific questions include: 1) Is the change of microsaccades direction in a saltatory or continuous manner? 2) Does the change of microsaccades direction reflect the real-time information processing in brain? To address such questions, it is significantly important to elaborately study the directional characteristics of microsaccades along time in behavioral tasks, which will enable us to unveil the task relevance of microsaccades direction. Here we report that, in a spatial cue instructed saccade task where there were two competing saccadic choices separated in space, the direction of microsaccades of two monkeys started to rotate shortly after the onset of the spatial cue until the onset of the go-signal for a responsive saccade. Moreover, the speed of the directional rotation varied between two different choices, which was attributed to monkeys’ internal bias. However, the rotation of microsaccades direction was absent in a classical memory-guided saccade task. These results indicate that, in choice task condition, the direction of microsaccades changed continuously that reflects the real-time interaction between saccadic choice and internal directional bias. Keyword: rotation; microsaccades; spatial choice; inner bias
IJPEDS 4-level capacitor-clamped boost converter with hard-switching and soft-switching implementations

Received Mar 2, 2018 Revised Jul 9, 2018 Accepted Aug 24, 2018 This paper presents parameters analysis of 4-level capacitor-clamped boost converter with hard-switching and soft-switching implementation. Principally, by considering the selected circuit structure of the 4-level capacitor-clamped boost converter and appropriate pulse width modulation (PWM) switching strategy, the overall converter volume able to be reduced. Specifically, phase-shifted of 120 of each switching signal is applied in the 4-level capacitor-clamped boost converter in order to increase the inductor current ripple frequency, thus the charging and discharging times of the inductor is reduced. Besides, volume of converters is greatly reduced if very high switching frequency is considered. However, it causes increasing of semiconductor losses and consequently the converter efficiency is affected. The results show that the efficiency of 2-level conventional boost converter and 4-level capacitor-clamped boost converter are 98.59% and 97.67%, respectively in hard-switching technique, and 99.31% and 98.15%, respectively in soft-switching technique. Therefore, by applying softswitching technique, switching loss of the semiconductor devices is greatly minimized although high switching frequency is applied. In this study, passive lossless snubber circuit is selected for the soft-switching implementation in the 4-level capacitor-clamped boost converter. Based on the simulation results, the switching loss is approximately eliminated by applying soft-switching technique compared to the hard-switching technique implementation.
Review of Waste Heat Recovery for Power Generation With Organic Rankine Cycle

Organic Rankine Cycle(ORC) can effectively improve the utilization efficiency of low-grade heat source such as in the industrial waste heat recovery,solar thermal power,geothermal power,biomass power generation and ocean thermal energy power generation,et al.Appropriate organic working fluid is the key to improve the ORC efficiency and in-depth study has been done all over the world.In China the energy consumption is huge,however,its utilization efficiency is quite low.The ORC(Organic Rankine Cycle) has broad application prospects in the energy recovery.
Iconometrography of sexual dimorphism and proportionality according to nutritional status of children: El Hatillo, Caracas

Anthropometric measurements provide information regarding the effect of surrounding environment on the appearance of risk factors. This study analyzes sexual dimorphism, nutritional status and body composition of a group of Venezuelan children and adolescents, 6 to 14 years old from the El Hatillo community. An iconometrographic approach based on proportionality, Hull score and contrasted values, was used on all sample by age, gender and nutritional status. This last was assessed by the combination of weight for height, height for age and body mass index, using OMS and national reference values. Results revealed 23.9% and 17.1% with deficit and overweight. Deficit was more marked on children less than 10 years, the male group on the other hand, showed the most important alteration on those frames variables, in particular at the femur width and sitting height. The weight of evidence at present study suggests that nutritional status assessment, requires body composition analysis in order to obtain a holistic picture of the situation in which, pathologies related to availability of food and life quality conditions are powerful determinants. An Venez Nutr 2010;23 (1): 10-17.
WITH PERIODIC STRUCTURES

A straightforward approach is proposed to retrieve the effective electromagnetic parameters of a slab of bianisotropic material from the scattering parameters. We first obtain the values of the impedance and refractive index of a slab of metamaterial, followed by the deduction of the expressions for determining these electromagnetic parameters including permittivity, permeability and magnetoelectric coupling coefficient. Then, comparisons between the results coming respectively from retrieval technique and analytical method are made. Finally, we demonstrate the properties of split-ring resonator materials in other two orientations with respect to the incident plane wave and apply the proposed method to anisotropic materials to reveal its generality.
Investigation of Deterioration of Joints in Concrete Pavements

Premature deterioration of concrete at the joints in concrete pavements and parking lots has been reported across the northern states. The distress is first observed as shadowing when microcracking near the joints traps water, later exhibiting as significant loss of material. Not all roadways are distressed, but the problem is common enough to warrant attention. The aim of the work being conducted under this and parallel contracts was to improve understanding of the mechanisms behind premature joint deterioration and, based on this understanding, develop training materials and guidance documents to help practitioners reduce the risk of further distress and provide guidelines for repair techniques. While work is still needed to understand all of the details of the mechanisms behind premature deterioration and prevention of further distress, the work in this report has contributed to advancing the state of knowledge.
Predictive Touch: A Novel HMI Technology for Intelligent Displays in Automotive

Predictive touch is an emerging HMI technology that can significantly improve the usability and performance of in-vehicle displays [1-4]. It relies on predicting, early in the pointing gesture, the interface item the driver or passenger intends to select on the display and simplifies the selection task. The user need not touch the display as the system can autonomously auto-select the predicted interface component. This video shows a prototype of a predictive touch system operating in real-time, in a laboratory and vehicle environment. It also depicts the prediction results as calculated by the system whilst pointing in a moving car.
Seismic anisotropy of the subcrustal lithosphere as evidence for dynamical processes in the upper mantle

Summary. Anisotropy of seismic waves in the uppermost mantle has not only been observed in the oceanic but recently also in the continental lithosphere. Laboratory experiments on the formation of preferred orientation of olivine crystals suggest plastic flow ‘as the most likely mechanism for the genesis of anisotropy in the upper mantle. Since the direction of maximum velocity correlates in the ocean and on the continent with a number of tectonic features, a causal connection between anisotropy and dynamical processes related to plate motions must be suspected.
Type I Gaucher disease.

Type I Gaucher disease, the subject of this article, was initially reported by Gaucher' in 1882 as a non-leukaemic splenic epithelioma. The biochemical defect, an autosomal recessively inherited lysosomal glucocerebrosidase enzyme deficiency, was delineated in 1965,2 3 and more recently the full length coding DNA sequence has been cloned and characterised.4 Gaucher disease is conventionally classified into three types on the basis of neuronopathic manifestations and the natural course of the disorder.5 In contradistinction to type I Gaucher disease, types II and III have a primary neuronopathic infiltration with a progressive neurodegenerative course. The condition is acute in type II with death in early childhood, while type III is a subacute disorder with survival into adulthood.
The Aging Male

(77%), memory impairment (77%), loss of pubic hair (70%), sad or grumpy mood changes (68%), decrease in endurance (66%), loss of axillary hair (55%), and deterioration in work performance (51%). Conclusion The serum total testosterone level showed a decline with aging, especially in the men older than age 50. Low serum testosterone levels were also associated with the symptoms of male andropause syndrome.
U–Pb and Rb–Sr geochronology of magmatism and metamorphism in the Dalradian of Connemara, western Ireland

New geochronological data which clarify the timing of syn-orogenic magmatism and regional metamorphism in the Connemara Dalradian are presented. U–Pb zircon data on four intermediate to acid foliated magmatic rocks show important inherited components but the most concordant fractions demonstrate that major magmatism continued until 465 Ma whereas the earliest, basic magmatism has been dated previously at 490 Ma; a fine-grained, fabric-cutting granite contains discordant zircons which also appear to be 465 Ma old. Arc magmatism in Connemara therefore spanned a period of at least 25 Ma. Recent U–Pb data on titanite from central Connemara which gave a peak metamorphic age of 478 Ma are supplemented by U–Pb data on titanite and monazite from metamorphic veins in the east of Connemara which indicate that low-P, high-T regional metamorphism continued there to 465 Ma, i.e. at least 10 Ma later than in the central region dated previously. New Rb–Sr data on muscovites from coarse-grained segregations in different structural settings range from 475 to 435 Ma: in part this range probably also reflects differences in age from west to east, with three ages close to 455 Ma from the eastern area, which is also the site of the lowest pressure metamorphism. Thermal modelling indicates that at any one locality the duration of metamorphism was probably as little as 1–2 Ma. The new dates emphasize the complexity in the spatial and temporal distribution of high-level regional metamorphism caused by magmatic activity. The relatively simple overall distribution of mineral-appearance isograds revealed by regional mapping masks the complexity of a prolonged but punctuated metamorphic history related to multiple intrusions, primarily in the southern part of Connemara. The later stages of magmatic activity followed progressive uplift and erosion after the onset of magmatism, and were localized in the eastern part of the region.
University of Groningen Do We Need to Rethink Our Waterways? Values of Ageing Waterways in Current and Future Society Hijdra,

In the past canals were developed, and some rivers were heavily altered, driven by the need for good transportation infrastructure. Major investments were made in navigation locks, weirs and artificial embankments, and many of these assets are now reaching the end of their technical lifetime. Since then the concept of integrated water resource management (IWRM) emerged as a concept to manage and develop water-bodies in general. Two pressing problems arise from these developments: (1) major reinvestment is needed in order to maintain the transportation function of these waterways, and (2), it is not clear how the implementation of the concept of IWRM can be brought into harmony with such reinvestment. This paper aims to illustrate the problems in capital-intensive parts of waterway systems, and argues for exploring value-driven solutions that rely on the inclusion of multiple values, thus solving both funding problems and stakeholder conflicts. The focus on value in cooperative strategies is key to defining viable implementation strategies for waterway projects.
Estimation of stand volume of conifer forest: A Bayesian approach based on satellite‐based estimate and forest register data

This paper highlights some problems underlying the gathering of stand volume information by forest register and the estimation of stand volume using satellite data. It was found that volume information from the forest register (Vreg) underestimates the actual stand volume. Satellite data is a promising source for estimating stand volume on a large‐area basis, but stand volume estimation remote sensing still suffers from the problem of large variations due to unwanted noise. We present a Bayesian approach that combines stand volume estimates from remotely sensed data (Landsat‐TM) and forest register. Pure Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D.Don) forest stands were delineated using orthophotographs and forest information such as compartments, sub‐compartments and roads from a Geographic Information System (GIS) database. Pattern decomposition method (PDM) was used to derive remote sensing indices (vegetation, soil, and water indices), which were used for estimating stand age. Stand volume was indirectly estimated from remotely‐sensed data (VRS) through the use of stand age. A Bayesian estimate of stand volume by age class (VB) was performed by assuming the Vreg and VRS as a priori probability distribution and random sample distribution, respectively. The Bayesian approach was found to improve the volume estimate from the forest register. In this way, the widely available forest register can be effectively used together with remote sensing data for estimating stand volume, an approach that is potentially useful for monitoring stand volume on a regional or national scale.
Explaining the Observed Polarization from Brown Dwarfs by Single Dust Scattering

Recent observation of linear optical polarization from brown dwarfs confirms the dust hypothesis in the atmospheres of brown dwarfs with effective temperature higher than 1400 K. The observed polarization could arise because of dust scattering in the rotation induced oblate photosphere or because of the scattering by nonspherical grains in the spherical atmosphere or by the anisotropic distribution of dust clouds. Assuming single scattering by spherical grains in a slightly oblate photosphere consistent with the projected rotational velocity, the observed optical linear polarization is modeled by taking grains of different sizes located at different pressure height and of different number density. Minimum possible oblateness of the object due to rotation is considered in order to constrain the grain size. It is shown that the observed polarization from the L dwarfs 2MASSW J0036+1821 and DENIS-P J0255-4700 can be well explained by several sets of dust parameters and with the minimum possible oblateness. Models for the observed polarization constrain the maximum size of grains. It is emphasized that future observation of polarization at the blue region will further constrain the grain size.