Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Switch-Reconfigurable Metal Rim MIMO Handset Antenna With Distributed Feeding

A new antenna design method together with a novel metal rim antenna is presented in this paper. The design method transforms an electromagnetic synthesis problem into a circuit problem, which can be solved in a straightforward manner. The new metal rim antenna is based on switches and the antenna cluster concept. The antenna cluster concept uses several, differently fed radiating elements together as one antenna. The proposed method is used to design a handset antenna with small ground clearance of 5 mm capable of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2\times 2$ </tex-math></inline-formula> MIMO operation in the 698–960 MHz low band with 30–40 % efficiency and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4\times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> MIMO in the 1.7–2.7 GHz middle-high band with better than 50 % efficiency, and the 3–4 GHz high band with efficiency up to 75 %. The proposed optimization method leads to a novel way of distributing the antennas over the entire available volume.
d-Separation: From Theorems to Algorithms

An efficient algorithm is developed that identifies all independencies implied by the topology of a Bayesian network. Its correctness and maximality stems from the soundness and completeness of d-separation with respect to probability theory. The algorithm runs in time O (l E l) where E is the number of edges in the network.
The methylation of Notch1 promoter mediates the osteogenesis differentiation in human aortic valve interstitial cells through Wnt/β‐catenin signaling

Aortic valve interstitial cells (AVICs) have the potential to undergo calcification, which has been regarded as a critical issue during the pathology of calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). In the past decade, epigenetics, in particular, DNA methylation dysregulation, has been reported to play a vital role in the occurrence and development of CAVD. In the present study, the expression of Notch1, which can inhibit the osteogenesis differentiation of valve interstitial cells, was downregulated whereas the expression of methyltransferases was upregulated in CAVD tissues, suggesting the potential role of DNA methylation in Notch1 expression and CAVD progression. As revealed by DNA extraction and bisulfite sequencing polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the methylation level in Notch1 promoter was much higher in CAVD tissues and human AVICs on Day 14 of osteogenesis differentiation induction. The silence of Notch1 intercellular domain (NICD) promoted while the treatment of demethylation agent, 5‐Aza‐dC, inhibited the osteogenesis differentiation. Moreover, NICD overexpression significantly suppressed the transcriptional activity of β‐catenin on TCF4, and the expression of osteogenesis differentiation factors, indicating the involvement of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling in Notch1 modulating the osteogenesis differentiation in human AVICs (hAVICs). Taken together, Notch1 promoter methylation leads to a decreased Notch1 expression and subsequent decreased release of NICD in the nucleus of hAVICs, therefore promoting the activation of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling and the expression of osteogenesis differentiation factors, finally promoting the osteogenesis differentiation in hAVICs. DNA methylation might act as an important bridge to link epigenetic variation and CAVD progression.
13C Labeling of Nematode Worms to Improve Metabolome Coverage by Heteronuclear Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Experiments

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is widely used as a metabolomics tool, and 1D spectroscopy is overwhelmingly the commonest approach. The use of 2D spectroscopy could offer significant advantages in terms of increased spectral dispersion of peaks, but has a number of disadvantages—in particular, heteronuclear 2D spectroscopy is often much less sensitive than 1D NMR. One factor contributing to this low sensitivity in 13C/1H heteronuclear NMR is the low natural abundance of the 13C stable isotope; as a consequence, where it is possible to label biological material with 13C, there is a potential enhancement of sensitivity of up to around 90fold. However, there are some problems that can reduce the advantages otherwise gained—in particular, the fine structure arising from 13C/13C coupling, which is essentially non-existent at natural abundance, can reduce the possible sensitivity gain and increase the chances of peak overlap. Here, we examined the use of two different heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) pulse sequences for the analysis of fully 13C-labeled tissue extracts from Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes. The constant time ct-HSQC had improved peak shape, and consequent better peak detection of metabolites from a labeled extract; matching this against reference spectra from the HMDB gave a match to about 300 records (although fewer actual metabolites, as some of these represent false positive matches). This approach gives a rapid and automated initial metabolome assignment, forming an ideal basis for further manual curation.
$4\times4$ -Element Cavity Slot Antenna Differentially-Fed by Odd Mode Ridge Gap Waveguide

A differential feeding for a cavity slot antenna is presented. The proposed feeding is based on a simple mechanism rather than the traditional complex networks that suffer from high losses. It is based on exciting the first higher order mode (TE10) of the ridge gap waveguide (RGW) by enlarging the ridge width. This enlargement would excite some undesired even modes that are suppressed by inserting a vertical perfectly electric conducting (PEC) wall in the middle of the waveguide based on the concept of magic tee operation. The proposed $4\,\,\times 4$ cavity slot antenna is implemented using substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. Two horizontal slots on the top of proposed wide RGW, representing the differential feeding approach, are implemented to feed the cavity slot antenna. The slots couple the fields with same amplitudes and 180° phase difference to the cavity. The electric fields of the two coupling slots have odd symmetry in the x-axis, and subsequently, uniform electric field distribution of the TE440 mode of a cavity can be excited. The 4/4 radiating slots are etched on the top of the cavity in a specific distribution to ensure having in-phase fields for broadside radiation with low-cross-polarization levels. The measurement and simulation results of the proposed cavity slot antenna are in a good agreement. The obtained results confirm that the proposed antenna achieves a relative bandwidth of 7.1% for −10-dB return loss, a gain of about 16.5 dBi, and a side lobe level about −17 dB in E-plane and −13.8 dB in H-plane. Moreover, the proposed antenna provides low cross-polarization levels (−35 dB in E-plane and −27 dB in H-plane) within the operating frequency band of 32.5 to 34.9 GHz. With this achieved low profile, high gain, and high efficiency of the proposed cavity slot antenna, it may have a great potential for millimeter-wave (MMW) applications.
Tissue-specific dysregulation of mitochondrial respiratory capacity and coupling control in colon-26 tumor-induced cachexia.

In addition to skeletal muscle dysfunction, cancer cachexia is a systemic disease involving remodeling of nonmuscle organs such as adipose and liver. Impairment of mitochondrial function is associated with multiple chronic diseases. The tissue-specific control of mitochondrial function in cancer cachexia is not well defined. This study determined mitochondrial respiratory capacity and coupling control of skeletal muscle, white adipose tissue (WAT), and liver in colon-26 (C26) tumor-induced cachexia. Tissues were collected from PBS-injected weight-stable mice, C26 weight-stable mice and C26 mice with moderate (10% weight loss) and severe cachexia (20% weight loss). The respiratory control ratio [(RCR) an index of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) coupling efficiency] was low in WAT during the induction of cachexia because of high nonphosphorylating LEAK respiration. Liver RCR was low in C26 weight-stable and moderately cachexic mice because of reduced OXPHOS. Liver RCR was further reduced with severe cachexia, where Ant2 but not Ucp2 expression was increased. Ant2 was inversely correlated with RCR in the liver (r = -0.547, P < 0.01). Liver cardiolipin increased in moderate and severe cachexia, suggesting this early event may also contribute to mitochondrial uncoupling. Impaired skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration occurred predominantly in severe cachexia, at complex I. These findings suggest that mitochondrial function is subject to tissue-specific control during cancer cachexia, whereby remodeling in WAT and liver arise early and may contribute to altered energy balance, followed by impaired skeletal muscle respiration. We highlight an under-recognized role of liver and WAT mitochondrial function in cancer cachexia and suggest mitochondrial function of multiple tissues to be therapeutic targets.
On a Class of Infinite-Dimensional Singular Stochastic Control Problems

We study a class of infinite-dimensional singular stochastic control problems with applications in economic theory and finance. The control process linearly affects an abstract evolution equation on a suitable partially-ordered infinite-dimensional space X, it takes values in the positive cone of X, and it has right-continuous and nondecreasing paths. We first provide a rigorous formulation of the problem by properly defining the controlled dynamics and integrals with respect to the control process. We then exploit the concave structure of our problem and derive necessary and sufficient first-order conditions for optimality. The latter are finally exploited in a specification of the model where we find an explicit expression of the optimal control. The techniques used are those of semigroup theory, vector-valued integration, convex analysis, and general theory of stochastic processes.
A new proof of Bowers–Stephenson conjecture

Inversive distance circle packing on surfaces was introduced by Bowers-Stephenson as a generalization of Thurston's circle packing and conjectured to be rigid. The infinitesimal and global rigidity of circle packing with nonnegative inversive distance were proved by Guo and Luo respectively. The author proved the global rigidity of circle packing with inversive distance in $(-1,+\infty)$. In this paper, we give a new variational proof of the Bowers-Stephenson conjecture for inversive distance in $(-1,+\infty)$, which simplifies the existing proofs and could be generalized to three dimensional case.
Impact of the Digital Transformation: An Online Real-Time Delphi Study

The effects of the ongoing Digital Transformation of society are far-reaching and subject to a multitude of impact factors. Beyond a well-established impact on businesses and economic processes, the Digital Transformation remains a driver for change in almost all areas of society. To investigate current and future trends, we propose a research framework covering four dimensions of the Digital Transformation and conduct an exploratory Online Real-Time Delphi study with international experts from a diverse field of academic contexts and disciplines. Our study indicates the societal areas most likely to be affected by the Digital Transformation, the relevant issues and global challenges connected to and influenced by the Digital Transformation, and the impact of key digital technologies now and in the next five years. Given these results, we evaluate the research framework and our approach to investigate the most relevant aspects of the Digital Transformation.
Mitochondrial Introgression, Color Pattern Variation, and Severe Demographic Bottlenecks in Three Species of Malagasy Poison Frogs, Genus Mantella

Madagascar is a biodiversity hotspot particularly rich in amphibian diversity and only a few charismatic Malagasy amphibians have been investigated for their population-level differentiation. The Mantella madagascariensis group is composed of two rainforest and three swamp forest species of poison frogs. We first confirm the monophyly of this clade using DNA sequences of three nuclear and four mitochondrial genes, and subsequently investigate the population genetic differentiation and demography of the swamp forest species using one mitochondrial, two nuclear and a set of nine microsatellite markers. Our results confirm the occurrence of two main mitochondrial lineages, one dominated by Mantella aurantiaca (a grouping supported also by our microsatellite-based tree) and the other by Mantella crocea + Mantella milotympanum. These two main lineages probably reflect an older divergence in swamp Mantella. Widespread mitochondrial introgression suggests a fairly common occurrence of inter-lineage gene flow. However, nuclear admixture seems to play only a limited role in this group, and the analyses of the RAG-1 marker points to a predominant incomplete lineage sorting scenario between all five species of the group, which probably diverged relatively recently. Our demographic analyses show a common, severe and recent demographic contraction, inferred to be in temporal coincidence with the massive deforestation events that took place in the past 1000 years. Current data do not allow to conclusively delimit independent evolutionary units in these frogs, and we therefore refrain to suggest any taxonomic changes.
Journal of Reproduction and Development

Zinc finger and SCAN domain containing 4 (Zscan4) is a gene that is specifically expressed during zygotic genome activation (ZGA) in mouse preimplantation embryos, and a reduction of Zscan4 transcripts leads to developmental failure. In mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), Zscan4 is expressed transiently in as little as 1–5% of the cell population. Zscan4 has also been shown to enhance the efficiency of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) generation and their quality. Although ZSCAN4 plays important roles in murine embryos and stem cells, its expression and role in bovine embryos is unknown. This study examines ZSCAN4 transcripts in bovine embryos at various developmental stages and attempts to elucidate the functions of ZSCAN4 during bovine preimplantation development. ZSCAN4 transcripts were found to be upregulated at the 8and 16-cell stages. We next attempted ZSCAN4 downregulation in bovine early embryos by RNA interference and evaluated developmental competency and transcripts levels of genes involved in ZGA and iPSCs generation. Although the bovine embryos injected with ZSCAN4-siRNA could develop to the 8-cell stage, very few were developing beyond the 16-cell stage. PIWIL2 expression was reduced in ZSCAN4 downregulated embryos. It is possible that ZSCAN4 downregulated embryos fail to regulate gene expression during ZGA. Our results indicate that ZSCAN4 is an important factor for the preimplantation development of bovine embryos.
The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India

In 1866 J Langdon Down made the observation of a subgroup of patients with particular facial features and mental handicap in the outpatient department of the London Hospital 1. In the late 1950’s, it was shown that an extra acrocentric chromosome was present in persons with Down syndrome, resulting in a diploid chromosome number of 47. It is now known that Down syndrome results when either the whole or a segment of the long arm of chromosome 21 is present in three copies instead of two (Table 1). This can occur as a result of three separate mechanisms: nondysjunction (94% of cases), Robertsonian translocation (3.6%) and mosaicism (2.4%).
HARNESSING THE POWER OF GAMES IN EDUCATION

The video game industry has been a major influence on students' lives in recent years. Now researchers consider how games might be used in pursuit of engaging, effective learning experiences. Kurt Squire and Henry Jenkins describe five detailed scenarios designed to illustrate the pedagogical potential of computer and video games. In the Leadership section, Borjana Mikic, Kara Callahan, and Domenico Grasso discuss two initiatives under way in the Picker Engineering Program at Smith College. These projects focus on the design of games and toys to enhance science and engineering education for K-16 students. a life-and-death battle with invading aliens. 1 The best and brightest young minds are gathered together and trained through a curriculum that consists almost entirely of games—both electronic and physical. Teachers play almost no overt role in the process, shaping the children's development primarily through the recruitment of players, the design of game rules, and the construction of contested spaces. Games become the central focus of the students' lives: they play games in classes, in their off-hours, even as part of their private contemplation. Much of the learning occurs through participation in gaming communities, as the most gifted players pass along what they have learned to the other players. that nobody teaches kids what to do in these games; they are left on their own to experiment and solve compelling problems, and as they do so, they master strategies and tactics they will eventually apply to the world beyond the games. The teachers monitor the game play to increase their grasp of each student's potential. The teachers are counting on the holding power of games to push these already gifted students to their limits. And the games automatically adjust to the skill level and objectives of each student. Card's novel anticipates many of the challenges and opportunities we face as we harness this powerful medium for pedagogical purposes. Card himself worked as a games critic, consistently expressing skepticism of any real-world alignment between education (as it is currently constituted) and games (as they currently exist). For Card, most existing educational games have been little more than " flashcards " that operate according to a drill-and-practice model, reflecting the value schools have traditionally placed on rote memorization. Instead of replacing the textbook, he argued, educational games should be more like the school corridors, where kids experiment, interact, create, and share what they create with others, outside the rigid …
Genet: A Quickly Scalable Fat-Tree Overlay for Personal Volunteer Computing using WebRTC

WebRTC enables browsers to exchange data directly but the number of possible concurrent connections to a single source is limited. We overcome the limitation by organizing participants in a fat-tree overlay: when the maximum number of connections of a tree node is reached, the new participants connect to the node's children. Our design quickly scales when a large number of participants join in a short amount of time, by relying on a novel scheme that only requires local information to route connection messages: the destination is derived from the hash value of the combined identifiers of the message's source and of the node that is holding the message. The scheme provides deterministic routing of a sequence of connection messages from a single source and probabilistic balancing of newer connections among the leaves. We show that this design puts at least 83% of nodes at the same depth as a deterministic algorithm, can connect a thousand browser windows in 21-55 seconds in a local network, and can be deployed for volunteer computing to tap into 320 cores in less than 30 seconds on a local network to increase the total throughput on the Collatz application by two orders of magnitude compared to a single core.
Insulin Induces Microtubule Stabilization and Regulates the Microtubule Plus-end Tracking Protein Network in Adipocytes*

In adipocytes, our quantitative proteomics studies have revealed that insulin affects the phosphorylation of a new microtubule-associated protein network. Mapping microtubule plus-end interacting protein interactomes resulted in the live-cell based discovery that insulin has novel effects on microtubule plus-end protein and microtubule dynamics. In addition, we present microtubule stabilization as a new paradigm in insulin action. Taken together, our findings introduce new directions aimed at pursuing a better understanding of the relationship between insulin and the microtubule network. Graphical Abstract Highlights Insulin Affects the Phosphorylation of G2L1, MARK2, CLIP2, EB1, AGAP3, and CKAP5. Insulin Increases CLASP2 +TIP Density and Decreases CLASP2 +TIP Velocity. Insulin Stimulates CLASP2 and G2L1 Trailing Along Microtubules. Insulin Stimulates α-Tubulin Acetylation at Lysine 40 and Microtubule Stabilization. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake is known to involve microtubules, although the function of microtubules and the microtubule-regulating proteins involved in insulin action are poorly understood. CLASP2, a plus-end tracking microtubule-associated protein (+TIP) that controls microtubule dynamics, was recently implicated as the first +TIP associated with insulin-regulated glucose uptake. Here, using protein-specific targeted quantitative phosphoproteomics within 3T3-L1 adipocytes, we discovered that insulin regulates phosphorylation of the CLASP2 network members G2L1, MARK2, CLIP2, AGAP3, and CKAP5 as well as EB1, revealing the existence of a previously unknown microtubule-associated protein system that responds to insulin. To further investigate, G2L1 interactome studies within 3T3-L1 adipocytes revealed that G2L1 coimmunoprecipitates CLASP2 and CLIP2 as well as the master integrators of +TIP assembly, the end binding (EB) proteins. Live-cell total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy in adipocytes revealed G2L1 and CLASP2 colocalize on microtubule plus-ends. We found that although insulin increases the number of CLASP2-containing plus-ends, insulin treatment simultaneously decreases CLASP2-containing plus-end velocity. In addition, we discovered that insulin stimulates redistribution of CLASP2 and G2L1 from exclusive plus-end tracking to “trailing” behind the growing tip of the microtubule. Insulin treatment increases α-tubulin Lysine 40 acetylation, a mechanism that was observed to be regulated by a counterbalance between GSK3 and mTOR, and led to microtubule stabilization. Our studies introduce insulin-stimulated microtubule stabilization and plus-end trailing of +TIPs as new modes of insulin action and reveal the likelihood that a network of microtubule-associated proteins synergize to coordinate insulin-regulated microtubule dynamics.