Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantitative analysis and visualization of nonplanar fault surfaces using terrestrial laser scanning (LIDAR)—The Arkitsa fault, central Greece, as a case study

Many fault surfaces are noticeably nonplanar, often containing irregular asperities and more regular corrugations and open warping. Terrestrial laser scanning (light detection and ranging, LIDAR) is a powerful and versatile tool that is highly suitable for acquisition of very detailed, precise measurements of slip-surface geometry from well-exposed faults. Quantitative analysis of the LIDAR data, combined with three-dimensional visualization software, allows the spatial variation in various geometrical properties across the fault surface to be clearly shown. Plotting the variation in distance of points from the mean fault plane is an effective way to identify culminations and depressions on the fault surface. Plots showing the spatial variation of surface orientation are useful in highlighting corrugations and warps of different wavelengths, as well as cross faults and fault bifurcations. Analysis of different curvature properties, including normal and Gaussian curvature, provides the best plots for quantitative measurements of the geometry of corrugations and folds. However, curvature analysis is highly scale dependent, so requires careful filtering and smoothing of the data to be able to analyze structures at a given wavelength. Three well-exposed fault panels from the Arkitsa fault zone in central Greece were scanned and analyzed in detail. Each panel is markedly nonplanar, and shows significant variation in surface orientation, with spreads of ~±20°–25° in strike and ±10° in dip. Most of the variation in orientation reflects decimeter- and meter-scale corrugations and longer wavelength warps of the fault panels. Average wavelengths of corrugations measured on two of the panels are 4.04 m and 4.43 m. Whereas the orientations of the three fault surfaces show significant variations, the orientations of fault striae are very similar between the panels, and are tightly clustered within each panel. Fault-slip analysis from each panel shows that the local stress field is consistent with the regional velocity field derived from global positioning system data. The oblique slip lineations observed on the fault panels represent a combination of two contemporaneous strain components: north-northeast–south-southwest extension across the Gulf of Evia and sinistral strike slip along the west-northwest–east-southeast Arkitsa fault zone.
Brain Regulation of Cardiac Function during Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia occurs frequently in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Hypoglycemia activates the counter-regulatory response. Besides peripheral glucose sensors located in the pancreas, mouth, gastrointestinal tract, portal vein, and carotid body, many brain regions also contain glucose-sensing neurons that detect this fall in glucose. The autonomic nervous system innervates the heart, and during hypoglycemia, can cause many changes. Clinical and animal studies have revealed changes in electrocardiograms during hypoglycemia. Cardiac repolarization defects (QTc prolongation) occur during moderate levels of hypoglycemia. When hypoglycemia is severe, it can be fatal. Cardiac arrhythmias are thought to be the major mediator of sudden death due to severe hypoglycemia. Both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems of the brain have been implicated in regulating these arrhythmias. Besides cardiac arrhythmias, hypoglycemia can have profound changes in the heart and most of these changes are exacerbated in the setting of diabetes. A better understanding of how the brain regulates cardiac changes during hypoglycemia will allow for better therapeutic intervention to prevent cardiovascular death associated with hypoglycemia in people with diabetes. The aim of this paper is to provide a narrative review of what is known in the field regarding how the brain regulates the heart during hypoglycemia.
Mineral deposits in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico

A BSTRACT . —More than $40 million worth of mineral production has come from 14 types of deposits in 19 mining districts in Rio Arriba County. Three of these districts (Nacimiento, Jemez pumice, No Agua) are considered signiﬁcant deposits for copper, silver, and pumice, although known large deposits are in adjacent counties (Taos, Sandoval). However, the presence of these signiﬁcant deposits and the potential for discovery of additional metals resources in the Bromide No. 2 and Hopewell districts in Rio Arriba County should encourage exploration in the county. Despite the presence of remaining resources of feldspar, mica, niobium, rare-earth elements
Effects of Seawalls on Profile Adjustment Along Great Lakes Coastlines

An extensive Great Lakes beach and nearshore profile data base is analyzed to determine the influence of seawalls on beach and nearshore profile change. Empirical eigenfunction analysis of these profile data supports the conclusion that the primary region of spatial change (outer bar) is similar for armored and unarmored lengths of shoreline. Correlation of profile response between armored and unarmored lengths of shoreline is strongest for periods of rising lake level and weaker during periods of falling lake-level. It appears that lack of an upland sediment source on extensively armored shorelines may hinder the reestablishment of the outer-bar dur ing periods of falling lake-level. Analysis of sub-aerial beach response in front of extensive lengths of seawall indicates that beach width diminishes systematically from the downdrift to the updrift end. This observed narrowing also appears to be directly related to a lack of upland sediment source.
Smart-seq2 Technology Reveals a Novel Mechanism That Zearalenone Inhibits the In Vitro Maturation of Ovine Oocytes by Influencing TNFAIP6 Expression

Zearalenone (ZEN), a non-steroidal estrogenic fungal toxin widely present in forage, food, and their ingredients, poses a serious threat to animal and human reproductive health. ZEN also threatens ovine, a major source of human food and breeding stock. However, the mechanisms underlying the impact of ZEN on the in vitro maturation (IVM) of ovine oocytes remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate these mechanisms using the Smart-seq2 technology. A total of 146 differentially expressed genes were obtained, using Smart-seq2, from sheep oocytes cultured in vitro after ZEN treatment. ZEN treatment inhibited RUNX2 and SPP1 expression in the PI3K signaling pathway, leading to the downregulation of THBS1 and ultimately the downregulation of TNFAIP6; ZEN can also decrease TNFAIP6 by reducing PTPRC and ITGAM. Both inhibit in vitro maturation of ovine oocytes and proliferation of cumulus cells by downregulating TNFAIP6. These findings provide data and a theoretical basis for elucidating ZEN’s toxicity mechanisms, screening therapeutic drugs, and reducing ZEN-related losses in the ovine industry.
Conservation Design Strategies and Methods for Historical Monument Districts in the Lower Northern Region of Thailand

Abstract The province of Sukhothai and Kamphaeng Phet located in the lower Northern region of Thailand has bordered three of prestige and historical sites registered with the UNESCO as the world heritage monuments. Recognized as: Sukhothai Ancient city, Si Satchanalai monuments, and old town Kamphaeng Phet, the purpose of this grouping established a sustainable community and tourism industry, with conservation of historical and heritage contents. Thus, the objective of this research is to establish a research center, which to provide information and further support arts and new design contents, propelling the local design communities into actions of redefine the impact of historical monuments as a way of life. Reconnecting the community to the cultural heritage sites accentuated through three design and research strategies: Constraint Challenges , Aesthetic Development , and Sustainability . These components placed an emphasis on creation of aesthetic features, providing arts-architectural network space, and collaborative management policy–generated to support the locals, designers, and the administrative level within the historical site community. Two design projects were generated from this conceptual design process, which are first, a map for local art and crafts artisans in three historical park areas and the other as a bicycle path aimed to conserve the historical park integrity of historical identity. Both of the projects considered the people in the community, the natural water canal environment, and the monuments, and employed the design methods to generate and create objective outputs that is tangible with Thai design identity.
Comparative Study of CBR and TCP Performance of MANET Routing Protocols

In this paper, we evaluate the performance of two MANET routing protocols under varying traffic, density and mobility conditions. We observe, that a rather large fraction of the traffic being carried on the Internet today carries TCP. Thus, Internet traffic has inheritly different characteristics than that of CBR traffic, which is the commonly used traffic type for evaluating MANET routing protocol performance. Hence, in this paper, we extend our evaluations of the two protocols to include the performance of both TCP and CBR traffic. We find, that testing a protocol using CBR traffic is not a good indicator for the same protocols performance when subject to TCP traffic.
SEISMIC STRUCTURE, GAS-HYDRATE CONCENTRATIONS, AND SLUMPING ALONG THE IODP X311 TRANSECT ON THE N. CASCADIA MARGIN

On the lower continental slope off Vancouver Island near scientific ocean drilling IODP Site U1326, traveltime modeling along several ocean bottom seismograph (OBS) profiles shows anomalous high velocities of about 2.0 km/s at 70 100 m depth (compared to a no-hydrate reference of about 1.6 km/s). These velocities are consistent with the Site U1326 downhole sonic logs that show velocities up to 2.8 km/s near these depths. The drillhole high velocities are interpreted as caused by nearly massive hydrate with concentrations as large as 60-80% of the pore space. The OBS seismic velocities show that high hydrate concentrations of at least 20-30% are laterally extensive out to distances of at least 6 km on either side of the drillhole. A grid of migrated single-channel data shows a sequence of 15to 75-m-high seafloor scarps, cutting across the ridge perpendicular to the deformation front. These are interpreted as normal faults. Two of the largest fault scarps bound a prominent ~2.5-km-wide slump feature on the steep seaward slope of the frontal ridge. This provides strong evidence that the slump is fault-controlled, and the base of the slump is near the base of hydrate stability suggesting that the slumping is also related to the presence of gas hydrate. At IODP drill Site U1327 on the mid-continental slope, seismic data were recorded along a 1-kmlong profile of 10 OBSs. Traveltimes from wide-angle and vertical-incidence arrivals were inverted simultaneously for velocity structure. Corresponding hydrate concentrations increase with depth with an average of about 15% in the 100-m-thick layer above the base of hydrate stability . The seismic structure shows that this local hydrate distribution extends on the kilometer-scale away from the drillhole, as also suggested by multichannel interval velocities in the region. At Site U1328 (Bullseye Vent), seismic images derived from the very high resolution deep-towed DTAGS reflection data show that the top of a zone of high reflectivity, 10-25 m in thickness, extends from the seafloor to a depth of ~30 m. This zone likely corresponds to the shallow region of massive methane hydrate detected in the upper 40 m in the drillhole, and may represent a system of fractures through which fluids and gas pass from the main vent to the seafloor.
A Novel Approach to Increase the Efficiency of Filter-Based Feature Selection Methods in High-Dimensional Datasets With Strong Correlation Structure

Nowadays, data dimensions have increased depending on the developments in information and measurement technologies. Due to the high dimensionality, it is necessary to use pre-analysis data reduction methods for many analyzes such as classification and regression analysis. In the solution of high-dimensionality, filter feature selection methods based on statistical criteria are widely used in terms of simplicity and efficiency. One of the important problems with filter feature selection methods is the selection of multiple features carrying the same information unnecessarily when strong correlations exist between features. In this study, a novel approach is proposed to solve this problem of filter feature selection methods. In addition, with the proposed new approach, the question of how many appropriate features will be included is also solved. The performance of the proposed approach is demonstrated on high-dimensional reflectance data with high correlations between features. The results obtained revealed that the proposed approach improves the classification performance of filter feature selection methods in mixture discriminant analysis in terms of classification accuracy and entropy criteria.
INVESTIGATION OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF BROKEN RICE ON PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF BROILER CHICKS

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of replacement of different levels of broken rice with corn on performance of broiler chicken in grower period. Four hundred one-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were used in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 4 replicates for 42 days. Five treatments included control diet and different levels of broken rice 10, 20, 30 and 40 instead of corn meal diets (R1, R2, R3 and R4 respectively). Diets were calculated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous and formulated according to National Research Council (NRC, 1994) recommendation. Body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and feed intake were measured weekly. Highest body weight were observed in control, R1 and R2 diets in the 4 th , 5 th and 6 th weeks of experiment (P<0.05). Results of this experiment showed that using different levels of broken rice had significant effect on live weight, feed intake and body weight gain (P<0.05). The results showed that broken rice can be included in broiler diet up to 20% without any advers affect on growth performance.
PROCESOS EROSIVOS EN UNA MICROCUENCA ANDINA: EL VALLE ALTO DEL RÍO MEDELLÍN, CORDILLERA CENTRAL, ANTIOQUIA

Entre septiembre de 1999 y marzo de 2001 se realizó un estudio de procesos geomorfológicos en la cuenca alta del río Medellín-Porce, reserva Ecológica de San Miguel, Cordillera Central. El estudio de los procesos y depósitos allí presentes no es uniforme en su dinámica geomorfológica, presentándose zonas estables con tasas de erosión superficial (escorrentía, salpicadura) de 0.0007 mm/a, con coberturas locales de ceniza volcánica, en otras zonas el proceso dominante es la remoción en masa con tasas de denudación de hasta 0.1mma -1 , allí los movimientos están controlados por las lluvias y la disposición estructural de los macizos rocosos
Genetic aspects of enteric methane emission in livestock ruminants

Abstract This review summarizes the importance ofenteric methane (CH 4 ) emission in ruminantsand summarizes the current state of knowledgerelevant to genetic aspects on enteric methaneproduction, highlighting future research needsand directions.Global average temperature hasincreased by about 0.7°C in the last century. TheIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) reported that anthropogenic greenhousegases (GHG), including carbon dioxide (CO 2 ),CH 4 , nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and halocarbons, havebeen responsible for most of the observed tem-perature increase since the middle of the twen-tieth century. Agriculture, particularly livestock,is increasingly being recognized as both a con-tributor to the process and a potential victim ofit. Policy interventions and technical solutionsare required to address both the impact of live-stock production on climate change and theeffects of climate change on livestock produc-tion. Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO),declared that in the next 50 years, the world’sfarmers will be called upon to produce more foodthan has been produced in the past 10,000 years,and to do so in environmentally sustainableways. Therefore, the GHG reduction should betreated as a public good. The United States con-gress is prospecting to define a price on GHGemissions. Limiting the concentration of CO
NOTA CIENTÍFICA DIAGNÓSTICO BIOCLIMÁTICO PARA MESORREGIÃO METROPOLITANA DE CURITIBA - PR DIAGNOSIS FOR BIOCLIMATIC MESOREGION METROPOLITAN AREA OF CURITIBA

The objective of this work is to analyze climatology data of the Metropolitan meso-region of Curitiba, Parana State with objective of relate them with the demands bioclimaticas for the production of poultry, to verify the viability of the creation, as well as, to serve of orientation to poultry keepers and future poultry keepers in the implantation of systems of environmental control. The analysis was accomplished with the climatic data supplied by climatology normal IAPAR of the following microregion: Antonina, Cerro Azul, Guaraquecaba, Lapa, Morretes and Pinhais; the values of the Medium Temperature of the Compensated Air and Relative Humidity, they were used to compare with the conditions of thermal comfort for poultry, in function of the age of the same ones ABREU e ABREU (2001). The comparisons accomplished in each micro-region showed the need to correct the climate of the sheed to reach ideal conditions for production of poultry. The micro-region of Antonina, Lapa and Pinhais not present ideal conditions for development of the activity during whole you make them of life, therefore, for such it demands investments in environmental control, that is to say continuous heating of the creation sheed; The microregions of Cerro Azul and Guaraquecaba demand systems of environmental control, heating and mainly cooling in the last week of life. Key-words: comfort thermal; climatology; poultry.
Physical and Sensory Characteristics of Gluten Free Cookies Prepared from Black Glutinous Rice and MOCAF Flour Combination

Extensive research has been conducted to investigate the formulation of a new generation of cereal-based Gluten Free (GF) foods formulated with High-Resistant Starch (RS) sources and high in nutritional value. Black glutinous rice flour is a rich in bioactive compound and MOCAF is known for its high RS content often used as an alternative to wheat flour in the production of gluten-free cookies. The formulation of the combination of these two ingredients needs to be investigated to produce gluten free cookies that have good physical and sensory characteristics. The aims of these research was to investigate the effect of different ratio of Black Glutinous Rice Flour (BGRF) and MOCAF (MF) formulation (F1 = 100:0, F2= 75:25, F3=50:50, F4= 25:75, F5= 0:100) on physical and sensory parameter of resultant GF cookies. The results shows that, cookies with high amount of BGRF showed interesting physical properties with higher diameter, spread ratio, and ∆E of the cookies, lower weight, thickness, baking loss, L*, a*, b*, C* value, and the hedonic score of color, aroma, taste, texture, overall compared to cookies with 100% MF. The best formula that produces gluten free cookies with the highest taste score score is F4 (BGRF 25%:MF 75%) with physical characteristics weight 10.70 g, diameter 48.40 mm, thickness 8.60 mm, spread ratio 5.63, baking loss 17.37 %, L* 53.96, a* 0.63, b* 17.65, C* 17.66, ∆E 48.78. With the combination of BGRF and MF on cookies dough, we manage to obtain cookies that has great potential to increase the nutritional quality of gluten-free food.
Effect of an Open Central American Seaway on Ocean Circulation and the Oxygen Minimum Zone in the Tropical Pacific From Model Simulations

The tectonic closure of the Central American Seaway (CAS) during the mid‐Miocene to mid‐Pliocene (∼16–3 Ma BP) is thought of as a key interval for the onset of the present‐day tropical Pacific oxygen minimum zone (OMZ). In this study we investigate the impact of an open CAS on the ocean circulation and the OMZ in the tropical Pacific. We perform a series of sensitivity experiments with the Kiel Climate Model, where we vary the CAS sill depth from shallow to deep. We find that the eastern tropical Pacific OMZ was less developed during the period of an open CAS. This is driven mainly by an enhanced eastward subsurface current that facilitated an increased oxygen supply from the western tropical Pacific. In addition, a small decrease in net marine primary production and subsequent weaker export of particulate organic carbon induced less subsurface oxygen consumption in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific.
The effect of automatic imitation in serial movements with different effectors

Individuals often imitate the postures or gestures of others in everyday life, without even being aware. This behavioral tendency is known as “automatic imitation” in laboratory settings and is thought to play a crucial role in social interactions. Previous studies have shown that the perception of a simple finger movement activates a shared representation of the observed and executed movements, which then elicits automatic imitation. However, relatively few studies have examined whether automatic imitation is limited to simple single-finger movements or whether it can be produced using a different automatic imitation paradigm with more complex sequential movements. Therefore, this study conducted three experiments in which participants observed the sequential movements of a model and then executed a compatible (similar) action or an incompatible (different) action involving the hand or foot in response to number cues that indicated the sequence for moving their hands or feet. The delay to onset of participants’ initial hand or foot movements was calculated. Participants consistently executed compatible actions faster than incompatible actions. In particular, the results showed an imitative compatibility effect with a human stimulus but not an inanimate stimulus. These results demonstrate that automatic imitation occurs during more complex movements that require memory.
Effects of Estuarine Habitat Quality on Juvenile Salmon: I. Chemical Contaminant Exposure and II. Altered Growth and Immune Function

Some urban estuaries on the west coast of the US are important habitats for several species of juvenile salmon and receive multiple stresses from human activities. Because these estuaries often receive multiple inputs of anthropogenic chemicals there is cause for concern that juvenile salmon migrating through polluted waterways may take up toxic chemicals which cause adverse biological effects. Accordingly, as part of an ongoing multiyear study in Puget Sound, WA, juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) are being sampled from contaminated urban estuaries (Duwamish Waterway in Seattle and Commencement Bay in Tacoma), a non-urban estuary (Niisqually Estuary) and the respective hatcheries to determine exposure to chemicals, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and chlorinated pesticides that are suspected of eliciting chronic effects in fish. These compounds also serve as indicators of the myriad anthropogenic chemicals that are entering some coastal waters. Juvenile salmon from an urban and nonurban estuary were also held in the laboratory to determine if this contaminant exposure altered immune function or growth and survival. The findings of increased chemical contaminant exposure and reduced survival, impaired growth, and suppressed immune function suggest a potential for adverse health effects in juvenile salmon as they migrate through urban estuaries to a marine environment and that potential effects to the population may be significant. Although other urban-related perturbations of the estuarine habitat may be critically important to the health of salmon, such as reductions in normal water flows and loss of habitat to urban development, the impact of chemical contaminants on juvenile salmon must also be considered.