Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity of summer stream temperatures to climate variability in the Pacific Northwest

Estimating the thermal response of streams to a warming climate is important for prioritizing native fish conservation efforts. While there are plentiful estimates of air temperature responses to climate change, the sensitivity of streams, particularly small headwater streams, to warming temperatures is less well understood. A substantial body of literature correlates subannual scale temperature variations in air and stream temperatures driven by annual cycles in solar angle; however, these may be a low‐precision proxy for climate change driven changes in the stream energy balance. We analyzed summer stream temperature records from forested streams in the Pacific Northwest for interannual correlations to air temperature and standardized annual streamflow departures. A significant pattern emerged where cold streams always had lower sensitivities to air temperature variation, while warm streams could be insensitive or sensitive depending on geological or vegetation context. A pattern where cold streams are less sensitive to direct temperature increases is important for conservation planning, although substantial questions may yet remain for secondary effects related to flow or vegetation changes induced by climate change.
Riverine particulate organic carbon from an active mountain belt: Importance of landslides

We investigate the routing and transfer of particulate organic carbon (POC) from the western Southern Alps, New Zealand, using organic carbon (Corg) and nitrogen (Norg) concentrations and stable carbon isotopes (δ13Corg). In this active mountain belt, sediment discharge is dominated by landslide‐derived material. Landsliding acts to homogenize the geochemically diverse hillslope POC, mixing POC from the standing biomass and soil with the fossil POC from bedrock. As a result, the POC in river sediment at the mountain front is a binary mixture of fossil and nonfossil carbon sourced from many landslide deposits. We calculate that nonfossil biogenic POC makes up 63 ± 7% of the total POC in the suspended load of rivers draining the western Southern Alps. The erosional flux of biogenic POC from these catchments represents a transfer of 39 tC km−2 a−1 of atmospheric CO2 averaged over the west flank of the mountain belt. If more than 10% of this POC is preserved in sediments on geological timescales, then this process is the most significant way in which the Southern Alps and similar, tectonically active mountain belts with restricted alluvial aprons consume atmospheric CO2.
Mechanical Intervention for Aortic Valve Stenosis in Patients With Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction

The risk and bene ﬁ t of mechanical interventions in valvular heart disease have been primarily described among patients with normal ejection fraction. The advent of nonsurgical mechanical interventions for aortic stenosis (transcatheter aortic valve replacement) may alter the risk-bene ﬁ t ratio for patients who would otherwise be at increased risk for valve surgery. This review describes the epidemiology and pathophysiology of aortic stenosis with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction and summarizes the current registry and clinical trial data applicable to this frequently encountered high-risk group. It concludes with discussion of ongoing trials, new approaches, emerging indications, and a potential clinical algorithm incorporating optimal mechanical intervention for patients with aortic stenosis and concomitant reduced ejection fraction. (J Am Coll Cardiol 2017;70:3026 – 41) © 2017 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation.
Coastal Upwelling: Onshore–Offshore Circulation, Equatorward Coastal Jet and Poleward Undercurrent over a Continental Shelf-Slope

Abstract The onshore-offshore circulation, equatorward coastal jet and poleward undercurrent associated with coastal upwelling are studied with numerical models. The model ocean has a continental shelf-slope uniform in the longshort direction and is forced by the wind stress with a limited longshore extent. The thermocline intersects the shelf-slope and the internal radius of deformation is smaller than the width of the shelf-slope. This may be a typical situation for coastal upwelling regions such as those off Oregon and northwest Africa. As the initial response to the onset of the winds, the Ekman offshore flow and the compensating onshore flow are induced and the equatorward flow develops over the shelf-slope. When the first mode coastal-trapped wave from the equatorward edge of the forcing region arrives, the onshore compensating flow offshore of the coastal area begins to decrease in strength and eventually offshore flow accompanied by downwelling dominates. Thus, the upwelling tends to be confined t.
Paediatric ankle cartilage lesions: Proceedings of the International Consensus Meeting on Cartilage Repair of the Ankle Journal ISAKOS

consensus group was to toward consensus opinions based on the best available on key within cartilage repair of the ankle. The purpose of this article is to report the consensus statements on “ Pediatric Ankle Cartilage Lesions ” developed at the 2019 International Consensus Meeting on Cartilage Repair of the Ankle. Methods: Forty-three international experts in cartilage repair of the ankle representing 20 countries convened to participate in a process based on the Delphi method of achieving consensus. Questions and statements were drafted within four working groups focusing on speci ﬁ c topics within cartilage repair of the ankle, after which a comprehensive literature review was performed and the available evidence for each statement was graded. Discussion and debate occurred in cases where statements were not agreed upon in unanimous fashion within the working groups. A ﬁ nal vote was then held, and the strength of consensus was characterised as follows: consensus: 51 – 74%; strong consensus: 75 – 99%; unanimous: 100%. Results: A total of 12 statements on paediatric ankle cartilage lesions reached consensus during the 2019 International Consensus Meeting on Cartilage Repair of the Ankle. Five achieved unanimous support, and seven reached strong consensus ( > 75% agreement). All statements reached at least 84% agreement. Conclusions: This international consensus derived from leaders in the ﬁ eld will assist clinicians with the man- agement of paediatric ankle cartilage lesions.
High Fat Diet Mediates Amyloid-β Cleaving Enzyme 1 Phosphorylation and SUMOylation, Enhancing Cognitive Impairment in APP/PS1 Mice.

BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in older adults and extracellular accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) is one of the two characterized pathologies of AD. Obesity is significantly associated with AD developing factors. Several studies have reported that high fat diet (HFD) influenced Aβ accumulation and cognitive performance during AD pathology. However, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to explore the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of HFD influenced Aβ accumulation and cognitive performance during AD pathology. METHODS 2.5-month-old male APP/PS1 mice were randomly separated into two groups: 1) the normal diet (ND) group, fed a standard diet (10 kcal%fat); and 2) the HFD group, fed a high fat diet (40 kcal%fat, D12492; Research Diets). After 4 months of HFD or ND feeding, mice in the two groups were subjected for further ethological, morphological, and biochemical analyses. RESULTS A long-term HFD diet significantly increased perirenal fat and impaired dendritic integrity and aggravated neurodegeneration, and augmented learning and memory deficits in APP/PS1 mice. Furthermore, the HFD increased beta amyloid cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) dephosphorylation and SUMOylation, resulting in enhanced enzyme activity and stability, which exacerbated the deposition of amyloid plaques. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that long-term HFD consumption aggravates amyloid-β accumulation and cognitive impairments, and that modifiable lifestyle factors, such as obesity, can induce BACE1 post-modifications which may contribute to AD pathogenesis.
Paternal knockdown of tRNA(cytosine‐5‐)‐methyltransferase (Dnmt2) increases offspring susceptibility to infection in red flour beetles

Intergenerational effects from fathers to offspring are increasingly reported from diverse organisms, but the underlying mechanisms remain speculative. Paternal trans‐generational immune priming (TGIP) was demonstrated in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum: non‐infectious bacterial exposure of fathers protects their offspring against an infectious challenge for at least two generations. Epigenetic processes, such as cytosine methylation of nucleic acids, have been proposed to enable transfer of information from fathers to offspring. Here we studied a potential role in TGIP of the Dnmt2 gene (renamed as Trdmt1 in humans), which encodes a highly conserved enzyme that methylates different RNAs, including specific cytosines of a set of tRNAs. Dnmt2 has previously been reported to be involved in intergenerational epigenetic inheritance in mice and protection against viruses in fruit flies. We first studied gene expression and found that Dnmt2 is expressed in various life history stages and tissues of T. castaneum, with high expression in the reproductive organs. RNAi‐mediated knockdown of Dnmt2 in fathers was systemic, slowed down offspring larval development and increased mortality of the adult offspring upon bacterial infection. However, these effects were independent of bacterial exposure of the fathers. In conclusion, our results point towards a role of Dnmt2 for paternal effects, while elucidation of the mechanisms behind paternal TGIP needs further studies.
Potentiating hypoxic microenvironment for antibiotic activation by photodynamic therapy to combat bacterial bio�lm infections

Traditional antibiotic treatment has limited e�cacy for the drug-tolerant bacteria present in bio�lms because of their unique metabolic conditions in the bio�lm infection microenvironment. Modulating the bio�lm infection microenvironment may in�uence the metabolic state of the bacteria and provide novel therapeutic routes. Here, photodynamic therapy (PDT)-activated chemotherapy by potentiating the hypoxia of bio�lm infection microenvironment is proposed to tackle methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bio�lm infections. In this study, PDT was used not only to eradicate MRSA bio�lms in normoxic conditions, but also to potentiate the hypoxic microenvironment, which induces the anaerobic metabolism of MRSA and activates metronidazole to kill bacteria. Moreover, PDT-activated chemotherapy could polarize the macrophages to a M2-like phenotype and promote the repair of the bio�lm infected wounds in mice. This bio�lm infection microenvironment modulation strategy, whereby the hypoxic microenvironment is potentiated to synergize PDT with chemotherapy, provides an alternative pathway for e�cient treatment of bio�lm-associated infections.
Hourly oxygen and total gas tension measurements at the Southern Ocean Time Series site reveal winter ventilation and spring net community production

Using a moored instrument package at 35 m depth at the Southern Ocean Time Series (SOTS) site near 46°560S 142°150E from September 2010 to April 2011 (219 days), we obtained the first Southern Ocean Time Series of dissolved oxygen (from an optode sensor) and nitrogen (from a total gas tension sensor). Nitrogen was consistently supersaturated (100.8%-102.9%), while oxygen was highly subsaturated in early spring (as low as 93.5%) and reached supersaturation (maximum 104.9%) during only 37 days in early summer. The low oxygen levels in spring illustrate the importance of deep mixing in the Subantarctic Zone in ventilating the upper limb of the global overturning circulation. Using nitrogen as a proxy for physical processes, we isolated biological contributions to the oxygen time series to obtain net community production (NCP). Almost all NCP occurred in spring in the presence of deep mixed layers, with only small additional contributions in summer after water column stratification. The temperature and salinity time series also revealed distinct parcels of water. Rapid changes at their interfaces generated unrealistic NCP events in the standard calculation model, which were removed, while still retaining NCP contributions from each parcel. NCP totaled 2.261. 2 mol O2 m22 over the deployment, within the range of previous estimates from low temporal resolution techniques. Examination of errors revealed particular sensitivity to entrainment, suggesting more rigorous understanding of this process is required, e.g., via profiling instruments. ©2013. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
Horizontal visibility trends in China 1981–2005

Trends in Chinese horizontal visibility, the frequency of visibility >19 km, and haziness for the period between 1981 and 2005 were evaluated based on data for daily horizontal visibility. Annual means were calculated for each station and for China as a whole. Linear regression analysis was used to characterize long‐term annual trends in these variables. Over the past 25 years, there has been a significant decrease in horizontal visibility (−2.1 km per decade from 1990 to 2005) and the frequency of visibility >19 km (−3.5% per decade) but a significant increase in the 75th percentile annual extinction coefficients (25% per 25 year). According to rapid increase of total energy consumption, the consistent spatial and temporal variations of visibility and haze support the speculation that increased aerosol loadings were responsible for the observed decreases in horizontal visibility over much of East China.
Crosswell seismic imaging of reservoir changes caused by CO 2 injection

Monitoring of enhanced‐oil‐recovery processes with crosswell data has been one of the earliest applications of time‐lapse geophysics. Because data with frequencies up to a few kilohertz can often be collected with the crosswell geometry, the method can potentially offer imaging resolution of the order of a few feet. Such resolution is often necessary for time‐lapse investigation to be useful in building reservoir models and for accurately describing fluid flow in heterogeneous reservoirs.
Impact of Global Climate Change on Regional Water Resources: A Case Study in the Huai River Basin

As one of the most important environmental issues, climate change has attracted great attention of various governmental agencies and scientists around the world in the last decade. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which was co-established by the United Nations Environment Program and the World Meteorological Organization, regularly assesses the global impact of climate change. Climate change, with the main feature of global warming, has become an indisputable fact. The earth's surface temperature increased by 0.74°C in the recent 100 years (1906 ~ 2005). Temperature change of China over the recent 100 years is consistent with the global trends, with the average increase of 0.5~0.8°C (IPCC, 2007). Global warming will probably accelerate the global hydrological cycle, resulting in temporal and spatial changes of various meteorological and hydrological variables such as rainfall and evapotranspiration, which directly leads to frequent occurrence and constant increase of such extreme hydrological events as floods and droughts, thereby further affecting the regional ecology as well as the survival environment of the human being.
35 years of autologous serum skin test in chronic spontaneous urticaria: what we know and what we do not know.

Summary The autologous serum skin test (ASST) has been used in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) as a means to detect an autoreactivity state for thirty-five years now. Nonetheless, several aspects of this old diagnostic test are still insufficiently defined. Particularly, the nature of the factor(s) responsible for the appearance of the wheal-and-flare skin reaction is still poorly characterized. This article will review our current knowledge about the clinical significance of the ASST and the factors possibly associated with the occurrence of the skin reaction following the intradermal administration of autologous serum that are known so far.
Palaeogene warping in the Isle of Wight

Summary Gentle folding or warping, of Lower Oligocene age, pre-dating the main post-Hamstead Beds folding, is indicated where the Bembridge Marls rest unconformably on eroded Bembridge Limestone. The folding appears to have been along generally NW–SE trending axes. This trend is compatible with penecontemporaneous and even earlier folding in Southern England and adjacent parts of north-western Europe. In Southern England, the main folding may have been earlier than the Miocene age generally accepted.
Differentiating Components of Sexual Well-being in Women: Are Sexual Satisfaction and Sexual Distress Independent Constructs? Stephenson Kr, and Meston Cm. Differentiating Components of Sexual Well-being in Women: Are Sexual Satisfaction and Sexual Distress Independent Constructs?

Introduction. Sexual satisfaction and sexual distress are common outcome measures in studies of sexual health and well-being. However, confusion remains as to if and how the two constructs are related. While many researchers have conceptualized satisfaction and distress as polar opposites, with a lack of satisfaction indicating high distress and vice versa, there is a growing movement to view satisfaction and distress as relatively independent factors and measure them accordingly. Aim. The study aimed to assess the level of independence between sexual satisfaction and distress in female clinical and nonclinical samples. Methods. Ninety-nine women (mean age = 25.3) undergoing treatment (traditional sex therapy and/or gingko biloba) for sexual arousal disorder with or without coexistent hypoactive sexual desire disorder and/or orgasmic disorder completed surveys assessing sexual satisfaction, sexual distress, sexual functioning, and relational functioning at pretreatment, mid-treatment, posttreatment, and follow-up. Two hundred twenty sexually healthy women (mean age = 20.25) completed similar surveys at 1-month intervals. Main Outcome Measures. Sexually dysfunctional women completed the Sexual Satisfaction Scale for Women (SSS-W), the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), and the Dyadic Adjustment Scale. Sexually healthy women completed the SSS-W, the FSFI, the Relationship Assessment Scale, and the Dimensions of Relationship Quality Scale. Results. Sexual satisfaction and distress were generally closely and inversely related; however, distress was more closely related to sexual functioning variables than was satisfaction in the clinical sample, and satisfaction was more closely related to relational variables than was distress in the nonclinical sample. Additionally, satisfaction and distress showed partially independent patterns of change over time, and scales of distress showed a larger change in response to treatment than did scales of satisfaction. Conclusion. Although sexual satisfaction and distress may be closely related, these findings suggest that they are, at least, partially independent constructs. Implications for research on sexual well-being and treatment outcome studies are discussed.
Cardiovascular, cancer and mortality events after bariatric surgery in people with and without pre-existing diabetes: A nationwide study: Bariatric surgery in diabetes

Background: Bariatric surgery reduces cardiovascular events and mortality risk in obese individuals. However, it is unclear whether diabetes modified this effect. We aimed to examine mortality, This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1111/jdb.12851 A cc ep te d A rti cl e cardiovascular and cancer risk following bariatric surgery in adults with and without pre-existing diabetes and compare mortality risk to the general population. Methods: Using mortality linked-Hospital Episodes Statistics (2006-2014) from England, we examined risk of death, myocardial infarction, stroke, unstable angina, heart failure, and cancer following bariatric surgery; and compared risk of death in people undergoing bariatric to mortality rates of the general population. Results: Of the 35,887 people undergoing bariatric surgery, 9,175 (25.6%) had pre-existing diabetes. During a mean follow-up of 5.3 years, 801 people died, of whom 293 (36.6%) had pre-existing diabetes. The risk of all-cause mortality in people with diabetes was 26% higher compared to those without (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 1.26, 95%CI: 1.08-1.46) whilst cancer was 21% higher (aHR 1.21, 1.14-1.77). Participants with diabetes before bariatric surgery had increased risk for postsurgery cardiovascular events compared to patients without pre-existing diabetes (aHR myocardial infarction: 2.08, 1.42-3.05; unstable angina: 1.80, 1.29-2.52; stroke: 1.61, 1.18-2.19; heart failure: 1.42, 1.14-1.77). Compared to the general population, age-standardised mortality rate ratio was 1.70 (1.52-1.91) and 1.35 (1.23-1.48) in people with and without pre-existing diabetes, respectively. Conclusions: In patients who underwent bariatric surgery with pre-existing diabetes, the risk of death, cardiovascular events, and cancer was higher compared to those without diabetes, whose mortality risk after surgery still remains 35% higher compared to that of the general population.
Visualizing Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor 1(S1P1) Signaling During Central Nervous System De- and Re-Myelination

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) mediated by aberrant immune responses. The current immune modulatory therapies are unable to protect and repair the brain damage caused by the immune attack. One of the therapeutic targets for MS is the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) pathways, which signals via sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors 1-5 (S1P1-5), in the CNS and immune cells. In light of the potential neuro-protective properties of S1P signaling, we utilized the S1P1-GFP (Green fluorescent protein) reporter mice in the cuprizone-induced-demyelination model, to investigate the in vivo S1P- S1P1 signaling in the CNS. We observed S1P1 signaling in a subset of neural stem cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ) during demyelination. Additionally, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in the SVZ and mature oligodendrocytes in the medial corpus callosum (MCC) expressed S1P1 signaling during remyelination. We did not observe S1P1 signaling in neurons and astrocytes in the cuprizone model. This approach was unable to determine S1P1-GFP signaling in the myeloid cells because of their aberrant GFP expression in GFP reporter mice. Significant S1P1 signaling was observed in lymphocytes during demyelination and inflammation. Our findings reveal β-arrestin dependent S1P1 signaling in oligodendrocyte lineage cells, indicating a role of S1P1 signaling during remyelination.
Human-Level Artificial Intelligence? Be Serious!

I claim that achieving real human-level artificial intelligence would necessarily imply that most of the tasks that humans perform for pay could be automated. Rather than work toward this goal of automation by building special-purpose systems, I argue for the development of general-purpose, educable systems that can learn and be taught to perform any of the thousands of jobs that humans can perform. Joining others who have made similar proposals, I advocate beginning with a system that has minimal, although extensive, built-in capabilities. These would have to include the ability to improve through learning along with many other abilities.