Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On a Class of Ikeda-Nakayama Rings

In this work we introduce the notion of P -Ikeda-Nakayama rings (P -IN-rings) which is in some way a generalization of the notion of Ikeda-Nakayama rings (IN-rings). Then, we study the transfer of this property to trivial ring extension, localization, homomorphic image and to the direct product.
Biochar-Compost Based on Palm Oil Waste: An Amendment Material to Improve Soil Fertility and Productivity in Swamplands

The addition of soil amendment composed from organic matter or biochar is the appropriate solution to overcome soil limiting factors in swamp land. Oil palm empty fruit bunches are the dominant waste in oil palm plantations compared to other wastes such as oil palm shells. The management of large quantities of oil palm empty fruit bunch biomass by conventional methods, such as landfilling and burning in factories, will cause serious environmental impacts. Composting and converting it to biochar is an alternative waste management. This produces soil amendments that could improves swamp soil fertility and productivity as well as recovers areas contaminated with potentially toxic metals. Recent research shows that biochar application is an approach to reduce soil pollution in swamps through the process of metal immobilization. Provision of Rice Husk Biochar, enriched with agricultural waste compost in the existing swamp land, can increase soil pH, reduce Fe toxic elements, reduce methane (CH4) emissions and increase grain yields to 28%. As a soil amendment, biochar acts as an atmospheric carbon sink due to the conversion of biodegradable carbon (biomass) into less degraded aromatic carbon (biochar). The purpose of this study is to qualitatively synthesize all research to explore the potential of biochar and organic matter as amendments to increase soil fertility and productivity in swamps. This study uses a systematic review method that summarizes the primary research results.
PLANTAR PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION PROFILE OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS WITH DIABETIC FOOT SYNDROME : A HOSPITAL-BASED OBSERVATIONAL STUDY Diabetes Mellitus

1Centre for Diabetic Foot Care and Research, Department of Physiotherapy, Kasturba Hospital, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India. 2Department of Orthopedics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India. 3Comprehensive Geriatric Clinic, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India. 4Department of Endocrinology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Asfiksia Neonatorum: Suatu Kajian Literatur Factors Affecting Asphyxia Neonatorum: A Literature Review

Birth asphyxia is defined as the failure of initiating and maintaining respiration in neonates. The second most prevalent cause of neonatal death in Indonesia is birth asphyxia. This study aims to find Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Asfiksia Neonatorum: Suatu Kajian Literatur J. Sains Kes. 2021. Vol 3. No 3. p-ISSN: 2303-0267, e-ISSN: 2407-6082 539 out the risk factors affecting birth asphyxia and the categories of said risk factors. This study uses literature review as study design. Literature research was done during the second and third week of December 2020. Literature used in this study are journals and books, at least 15 in numbers and released in the last 10 years. The result of this study found that risk factors affecting birth asphyxia could be divided into antepartum risk factors and intrapartum risk factors. Among antepartum risk factors are preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, and hemorrhage. Among intrapartum risk factors are prematurity, meconium aspiration syndrome, and breech presentation.
AP-XGEJ210029 2435..2454

This article presents a theory in which motor execution in perceptual decision-making tasks is determined by the same evolving decision variable that drives response time. The theory builds upon recent insights from the neuroscience of decision-making and motor control. It is formalized as an extension of Ratcliff’s diffusion model, and assumes that two thresholds operate on the evidence accumulation decision variable. The first threshold, referred to as electromyographic (EMG) threshold, marks the onset of electrical activity in the response-relevant muscle and the beginning of force production. The second threshold corresponds to the response. The theory makes several benchmark predictions. Notably, the mean duration of motor execution, as quantified by the mean latency between EMG onset and the response, should depend on the rate of evidence accumulation, and should thus increase as the perceptual difficulty of the task increases. We tested these predictions in a paradigmatic perceptual decisionmaking task, the random dot motion task, and recorded the EMG activity of response-relevant muscles. The behavioral and EMG data provide very strong evidence for each prediction. A final quantitative evaluation of the model showed good fits to these data. The theory resolves conflicting findings in the fields of mathematical psychology, motor control, and decision neurosciences.
The Adaptive Capacity for Two Mixed States

In this paper, we investigate the one-shot capacity C1,1, and the adaptive one-shot capacity C1,A in transmitting classical information through quantum channels. Capacity C1,A allows for an adaptive strategy where the receiver can make non-disruptive measurements and adapt using the results of previous measurements. Shor proves that C1,1 = C1,A for two pure states, and conjectures that the same is true for mixed states. We show that the accessible information is concave in the probability of the states, then conclude C1,1 = C1,A for any two mixed states in arbitrary dimensions, proving the conjecture.
Sign Language Translation based on Transformers for the How2Sign Dataset

The end goal of Sign Language Translation is to either produce spoken sentences from sign videos or generate sign videos from their corresponding written transcriptions. In this situation, this task has been address in multiple approaches in recent years. Moreover, it has been proved that taking advantage of the sign gloss representations improves substantially the model’s performance in this task. Therefore, in this work we replicate the state-of-the-art Transformer-based approach on the task and evaluate it on the multimodal American Sign Language How2Sign dataset. Furthermore, we provide baseline recognition and translation results that represent an starting point to further research on the topic. In addition, we provide a new sentence-based alignment for the How2Sign videos, as their current alignment was with speech, which we have used to tackle the Sign Language Translation task properly.
“MENSURA EST MODUS IN RES BIM AEDIFICATORIA” MEASUREMENT IS THE CONSTRUCTION MODE VIA BIM

The BIM method allows to include topography and remote sensing in important way: it is a continuous dynamic, in itinere, not only before the construction but, also, as design verification, after the construction. Understanding the right level of BIM to use is necessary in order to obtain an Opera constructed exactly as was it designed; and to manage the BIM process during the entire construction. This paper supports a precise thesis: the concept of "measure" as a way of implementing BIM. "Measuring" does not only means exchanging data, between design phase and construction phase but, also, identifying accuracy, reliability, , tolerance, modus operandi, "level" of BIM. Identifying and measuring this level is the” way of BIM”, since the design, during the building site work, until the opera's delivery. Predefined ways of applying BIM do not exist it depends on the type of work, context, people, equipment, times and resources, including the human skills. Our research group was asked to support two projects. A public work: the Navy Academy recovery; and a private work: the monitoring via BIM-GIS of the technical components laid in the building site.
Dosage and Effects of Cacao Shell Biochar Residue in Improving Soil Properties and Increasing Maize Productivity in Acid Upland in East Lampung

The biochar rates applied into a soil is an important determining the effectiveness of biochar as a soil amendment. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different rates of cacao shell biochar and its residue to decrease soil acidity, increase soil macronutrient content and maize yield in acid soil. The research was carried out at Taman Bogo Research Station, East Lampung Regency in three planting seasons, namely February-May 2015, July-November 2015 and November 2015-February 2016, using a randomized block design with 4 replications. The treatments of cacao shell biochar rates were 0; 5;10; 15; 25 and 40 t ha-1 and the indicator crop was maize. The soil parameters observed were soil pH, P and K, Ca, Mg and Al3+ and maize dry grain weight. The results showed that the application of 15 to 40 t ha-1 cacao shell biochar increased soil pH, P, K, Ca, Mg, and Ca/Al ratio, and decreased Al3+. The effectiveness of applying cacao shell biochar in increasing dry grain weight of maize was highest in the third seasons with an optimum dose of 34.39 t ha-1 that resulted in dry grain weight of 8.31 t ha-1. Maize dry grain weight negatively correlated with Al3+ content in soil (r=0.9117; p<0.001). Cacao shell biochar at a dose of 35 t ha-1 was very prospective for ameliorating acid upland and increasing maize productivity, by applying in the first season and no additional application in the next two seasons. Riwayat artikel: Diterima: 23 Juli 2021 Disetujui: 14 Oktober 2021 Dipublikasi online: 26 Oktober 2021
Large-scale broadband digital silicon photonic switches with vertical adiabatic couplers

Large-scale photonic switches are essential devices for energy- and cost-efficient optical communication networks in cloud and data-intensive computing. Silicon photonics is an attractive platform for high-density photonic integrated circuits with low manufacturing costs through the leveraging of existing advanced complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor processes. Many optical components such as lasers, modulators, splitters, and photodetectors have been successfully integrated on silicon; however, the quest for large-scale silicon photonic switches has remained elusive. Previous silicon photonic switches made of cascaded 1×2 or 2×2 building blocks have a limited port count (≤8×8) or excessive optical losses (>15 dB). Here, we present a 64×64 digital silicon photonic switch with a low on-chip insertion loss (3.7 dB) and broadband operation (300 nm). The measured switching time is 0.91 μs, and the extinction ratio is larger than 60 dB. The matrix switch with 4096 microelectromechanical-systems-actuated vertical adiabatic couplers has been integrated on a 8.6 mm×8.6 mm chip. To our knowledge this is the largest monolithic switch, and the largest silicon photonic integrated circuit, reported to date. The passive matrix architecture of our switch is fundamentally more scalable than that of multistage switches.
PPA_A_347079 197..215

1Doctoral Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; 2Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, Purwokerto, Indonesia; 3Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; 4Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; 5Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Development and evolution: the case of eye development

In «The Origin of Species» Charles Darwin (1859) discusses eye evolution in the paragraph «Organs of extreme perfection and complication» of Chapter VI, which has the significant title «Difficulties of the Theory». Darwin appears to be fully aware of difficulties on eye evolution: «To suppose that the eye, with all its inimitable contrivances. could have been formed by natural selection, seems, I freely confess, absurd in the highest degree». Indeed, the great variety of eyes in the animal word raises the question on their possible origin, by natural selection, from a simple prototypic ancestral eye. In fact eyes have also been considered an example of functional convergence or parallelism and the view on their possible polyphyletic origin has been authoritatively proposed. The recent emergence of an extensive conservation of the genetic network driving eye development in animals as distant as insects and mammals has brought new life to the debate on the monophyletic versus polyphyletic origin of the eye. A core question on this topic is whether the conserved genes build truly homologous eyes. To answer this question it is necessary to define what is an eye and its relation to a prototype eye. A recent proposal (Arendt and Wittbrodt, 2001), while supporting the homology of cerebral eyes in Protostomia, maintains the possible non-homology between the eyes of Chordates and non-Chordates due to the structural diversity of their photoreceptors and the biochemical diversity of their phototransduction cascade. This paper presents the molecular genetics of eye development by comparing the gene networks controlling eye development in invertebrates and vertebrates: to this aim emphasis will be on two developmental model organisms, the fruit fly Drosophila and the frog Xenopus, respectively. In this context recent results from our laboratory, obtained in Xenopus, will also be presented. These data illustrate aspects of the molecular genetics of the early steps of eye development – namely, eye field specification – as well as of later events in retina development, such as proliferation and fate choice of the retina cells in vertebrates. * Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Biochimica, Sezione di Biologia Cellulare e dello Sviluppo, Università degli Studi di Pisa, via G. Carducci 13, 56010 Ghezzano (Pisa). E-mail: gbarsa@dfb.unipi. it
The Limitations of Quantitative Methods for Analyzing Gerrymanders: Indicia, Algorithms, Statistics and Revealed Preference

Simply put, all current quantitative methods are deeply flawed: Threshold rules based on indicia that are hypothesized to be correlated with gerrymanders, such as compactness, margins of competition, and estimated electoral responsive, are at best effective only locally and at worst literally impossible to satisfy. Automatic maximization rules using these indicia or other automatable algorithms universally ignore the political context in which they are applied and thus yield politically biased results despite the appearance of neutrality. The most sophisticated methods, which use computationally-intensive sampling from real districting populations, avoid these problems, but suffer from intractable computational issues and (often) from implausible formulation of the "null" hypothesis. We place evaluating intent as a motive behind a redistricting plan into a formal quantitative micro-economic framework to evaluate existing and emerging methods, and find that these methods are statistically flawed. In place of classical statistical tests, we formalize a method of revealed preferences to probe intent by comparing aspects of plans that were feasible, but not selected. This method has been used in an informal, ad-hoc, manner in redistricting cases, but is not well documented and has never been rigorously analyzed. Our method has five advantages. First, it is easily interpretable. Second, it can be applied using only the data available to the original planners and does not require estimating the outcomes of hypothetical elections. Third, lacking sophisticated optimization technology, the basic method can be applied using hand drawn maps. Fourth, it is more consistent with the knowledge that distracters had than statistical methods because it does not implicitly assume that a districting authority was aware of all possible plans. Finally, it is the only quantitative method for determining intent, so far proposed, that is statistically sound.
The Current Literature Comments on the Northwick Park â€ ̃¿ Functional' Psychosis Study*

â€œ¿ Functional psychosis isconventionally subdividedintoschizophrenia andmanicdepressive psychosis. Response totreatmentisassumedto beavalidatingcriterionforthesediagnoses. Theefficacyofpimozide(adopamineantagonist neuroleptic), lithium,anda combination of thetwo wascomparedwiththatof placeboina 4-weektrialin 120 functionallypsychotic patients, each of whom was assessed for psychotic symptoms, manic symptoms, and depressive symptoms. Thesamplewassubdivided intopatientswithpredominantly elevated mood,predominantlydepressedmood,and no consistentmoodchange.Pimozidereduced psychoticsymptomsinallgroupsof patients.Theonlysignificant effectof lithiumwasto reduceelevatedmood.Thusdopamineblockadeseemsrelevantotheresolution ofpsychotic symptomsinalltypesofâ€ ̃¿ functional' psychosis, butthemodeofactionoflithiuminpsychotic patientsconcerns onlymood.Application ofstandardised classifications offunctional psychosis to these data did not changethis conclusion. â€•
A Cognitive Approach to Auditory Hallucinations

We offerprovisional supportfora new cognitiveapproachtounderstandingand treating drug resistant auditory hallucinations in people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Study 1 emphasises the relevance of the cognitive model by detailing the behavioural, cognitive and affective responses to persistent voices in 26 patients, demonstrating that highly disparate relationships with voices fear, reassurance, engagement and resistance â€”¿ reflect vital differences in beliefs about the voices. All patients viewed their voices as omnipotent and omniscient. However, beliefs about the voice's identity and meaning led to voices being construed as either â€ ̃¿ benevolent' or â€ ̃¿ malevolent'. Patients provided cogent reasons (evidence) for these beliefs which were not always linked to voice content; indeed in 31 % of cases beliefs were incongruous with content, as would be anticipated by a cognitive model. Without fail, voices believed to be malevolent provoked fear and were resisted and those perceived as benevolent were courted. However, in the case of imperative voices, the primary influence on whether commands were obeyed was the severity of the command. Study 2 illustrates how these core beliefs about voices may become a new target for treatment. We describe the application of an adapted version of cognitive therapy (CT)to the treatment of four patients' drug-resistant voices. Where patients were on medication, this was held constant while beliefs about the voices' omnipotence, identity, and purpose were systematically disputed and tested. Large and stable reductions in conviction in these beliefs were reported, and these were associated with reduced distress, increased adaptive behaviour, and, unexpectedly, a fall in voice activity. These changes were corroborated by the responsible psychiatrists. Collectively, the cases attest to the promise of CT as a treatment for auditory hallucinations.
On-demand security and qos optimization in mobile ad hoc networks

Scope and method of study. Security often comes with overhead that will impact link Quality of Service (QoS) performance. In this dissertation, we propose an on-demand security and QoS optimization architecture in mobile ad hoc networks that automatically adapts network security level to changes in network topology, traffic condition, and link QoS requirements, so as to keep the security and QoS at optimum conditions. In order to achieve the overall objective, we introduce three basic frameworks: a policy based plug-in security framework, a multi-layer QoS guided routing algorithm, and a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) feedback control based security and QoS optimization framework. The research has been evaluated with the network simulator ns-2. Finally, we propose an attack tree and state machine based security evaluation mechanism for ad hoc networks: a new security measurement metric. Findings and conclusions. Simulations have been done for small and large network sizes, low and high communication ratios, as well as low and high mobility scenarios. The simulations show that the proposed on-demand security and QoS optimization architecture can produce similar performance to non-secure QoS routing protocol under various traffic loads. It provides more secure ad hoc networks without compromising the QoS performance, especially under light and medium traffic conditions.
Open Research Online Interaction Between Human And Explanation in Explainable AI System For Cancer Detection and Preliminary Diagnosis

Nowadays, Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems are everywhere and AI helps to make decisions for us is our daily occurrence. AI provides for us from recommendations product on Amazon and video recommendations on YouTube, to tailored advertisements on Google search result pages. Even though they appear powerful in terms of results and predictions, AI algorithms suffer from transparency problem. Modern AI algorithms are complex and difficult to get the reasoning and the insight into AI algorithms work mechanism. However, in critical decisions that involves individuals well-being such as disease diagnosis or prognosis, it is important to know the reasons behind such a critical decision. An emerging research area called Explainable AI (XAI) looks at how to solve this problem by providing a layer of explanation which helps end users to make sense of AI results. The overall assumption behind XAI research is that explicability can improve trust and social acceptability of AI assisted predictions. In our research, we specifically look at cancer detection and diagnosis and hypothesize that appropriately designed Explainable AI systems can improve trust in AI assisted medical predictions.
The evolutionary importance of developmental reprogramming and bias

Evolutionary developmental biology has become recognized, over the last two decades, as a major source of new information, much of it at the molecular level, on the evolutionary process. However, it is only beginning to be recognized as a potential source of new concepts that may be relevant to evolutionary theory in general. I am referring in particular, here, to the idea that the dynamics of the developmental process may be just as important as the dynamics of gene frequencies in populations to the direction that evolution takes at the developmental, or phenotypic, level. In this paper, I approach this issue in three stages. First, I introduce the concept of developmental reprogramming, which is as fundamental to evolutionary changes at the organismic level as are mutation and selection at the genic and population levels. Second, I ask whether developmental reprogramming exhibits biases – that is, that it is somehow easier to change development in some ways than others. Finally, I examine whether such biases might interact with natural selection to determine the directions in which evolution proceeds. I formulate a logical argument that interactions between bias and selection may be widespread and important. But I also point out that there is now a great need for a research programme to produce both observational and experimental evidence that supports this argument.