Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strategy-Based Motor Learning Decreases The Post-Movement Β Power

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This is the title of an example SEG abstract using Microsoft Word 11-point bold type

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) has increasingly become standard practice in the industry to resolve complex velocities. However, the current FWI research still exhibits a diverging scene, with various flavors of FWI targeting different aspects of the problem. Outstanding challenges currently faced by FWI include severe cycle-skipping and amplitude-mismatch situations, such as in salt updates, and limited acquisition cases where mainly reflection arrivals are present. Recent advances in FWI to update salt show that with the proper handling of cycle-skipping issues and amplitude effects, FWI can realize its potential of correcting large, complex velocity errors, given adequate data. In this work, we present an FWI scheme based on the quadratic Wasserstein metric, with adaptive normalization and integral wavefield. We show that this scheme has better convexity than traditional metrics, and therefore can mitigate cycleskipping issues, while also being insensitive to amplitude effects. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach with a streamer data set in an area of complex salt geometry. In addition, we show that this approach can also work naturally on reflection data, without the extra procedure of scale separation by either decomposition or demigration. With these learnings, we believe that the fundamentals of FWI research are starting to converge.
ON THE COMPLEXITY OF COMPUTING DETERMINANTS

The computation of the determinant of an n×n matrix A of numbers or polynomials is a challenge for both numerical and symbolic methods. Numerical methods, such as Clarkson’s algorithm [10, 7] for the sign of the determinant must deal with conditionedness that determines the number of mantissa bits necessary for obtaining a correct sign. Symbolic algorithms that are based on Chinese remaindering [6, 17, Chapter 5.5] must deal with the fact that the length of the determinant in the worst case grows linearly in the dimension of the matrix. Hence the number of modular operations is n times the number of arithmetic operations in a given algorithm. Hensel lifting combined with rational number recovery [14, 1] has cubic bit complexity in n, but the algorithm can only determine a factor of the determinant, namely the largest invariant factor. If the matrix is similar to a multiple of the identity matrix, the running time is again that of Chinese remaindering. The techniques developed in [32] for computing the characteristic polynomial of a sparse matrix lead to a speedup for the general, dense determinant problem. For integer matrices, the bit complexity was shown [16] to be n(log ‖A‖)2.5+o(1), where log ‖A‖ measures the length of the entries in A and the exponent adjustment by “+o(1)” captures missing log factors (“soft-O”). The algorithms of [32, 16] are randomized of the Monte Carlo kind—always fast, probably correct—and can be further speeded by a
Why We Eat What We Eat: The Psychology of Eating

Ingestive Homeostasis: The Primacy of Learning - Douglas S. Ramsey, Randy J. Seeley, Robert C. Bolles, and Stephen C. Woods - Taste Aversion Learning - Glenn E. Schafe and Ilene L. Bernstein - Conditioned Food Preferences - Elizabeth D. Capaldi - The Early Development of Human Flavor Preferences - Julie A. Mennella and Gary K. Beauchamp - The Role of Experience in the Development of Children's Eating Behavior - Leann L. Birch and Jennifer A. Fisher - Sensory Factors in Feeding - Valerie B. Duffy and Linda M. Bartoshuk - Brain Mechanisms and the Physiology of Feeding - Neil E. Rowland, Bai-Han Li, and Annie Morien - Social Influences on Food Preferences and Feeding Behaviors of Vertebrates - Bennett G. Galef, Jr. - Sociocultural Influences on Human Food Selection - Paul Rozin - Sensory-Specific Satiety: Theoretical Frameworks and Central Characteristics - Marion M. Hetherington and Barbara J. Rolls - The Behavioral Phenotype in Human Obesity - Adam Drewnowski
Detecting Tar Contaminated Samples in Road-rubble using Hyperspectral Imaging and Texture Analysis

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) containing tar-mixtures pose a challenge for recycling road rubble, as the tar containing elements have to be extracted and decontaminated for recycling. In this preliminary study, tar, bitumen and minerals are discriminated using a combination of color (RGB) and Hyperspectral Short Wave Infrared (SWIR) cameras. Further, the use of an autoencoder for detecting minerals embedded inside tar- and bitumen mixtures is proposed. Features are extracted from the spectra of the SWIR camera and the texture of the RGB images. For classification, linear discriminant analysis combined with a k-nearest neighbor classification is used. First results show a reliable detection of minerals and positive signs for separability of tar and bitumen. This work is a foundation for developing a sensor-based sorting system for physical separation of tar contaminated samples in road rubble.
Separating the Effects of Wildfires from Climate in Growth of Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex. C. Lawson), Central Idaho, U.S.A.

I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Jessica Dominique Slayton entitled “Separating the Effects of Wildfires from Climate in Growth of Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex. C. Lawson), Central Idaho, U.S.A. ” I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science, with a major in Geography.
Autophagy in normal hematopoiesis and leukemia

To investigate whether the type of programmed cell death of myelodysplastic erythroid cells depends on their cellular context, we performed studies on cells from patients with low-risk myelodysplastic syndromes. We compared erythroid cells (and their precursor cells) from the mononuclear cell fraction with those from the hematon fraction, which are compacted complexes of hematopoietic cells surrounded by their own micro-environment. In directly fixed materials, ery - throblasts exhibited signs of autophagy with limited apoptosis (<3%) based on ultrastructural characteristics and immunogold labeling for activated caspase-3. After 24 h in culture, myelodysplastic erythroblasts exhibited a significant incre - ase in apoptosis (22 ± 7% vs. 3 ± 2%, p=0.001). In contrast, the myelodysplastic erythroblasts from the hematon fraction did not exhibit an increased tendency toward apoptosis after culture (7 ± 3.3% vs. 1.8 ± 2.3%), which was in line with results for normal bone marrow cells. The same dependency on the micro-environment was noted for immature erythroid progenitor cells. Myelodysplastic hematons exhibited distinct numbers of erythroid burst-forming units in association with an extensive network of stromal cells, whereas small numbers of erythroid burst-for - ming units were generated from the myelodysplastic mononuclear cells compa - red with normal mononuclear cells (10.2 ± 9 vs. 162 ± 125, p=0.001). Co-culture of erythroid myelodysplastic cells in the presence of growth factors (vascular endo - thelial growth factor, leukemia inhibitory factor) or on the MS-5 stromal layer did not restore the expansion of erythroid precursor cells. These data indicate that surviving myelodysplastic erythroid progenitors become more vulnerable to pro - grammed cell death when they are detached from their own micro-environment.
Influência da aplicação de fungicidas sistêmicos na cultura de couve-flor / Influence of the application of systemic fungicides on cauliflower culture

A inducao de efeitos fisiologicos beneficos apos o uso de fungicidas sistemicos em olericolas tem sido descrito. Os efeitos incluem a promocao do crescimento e desenvolvimento vegetal, alem de alteracoes de vias metabolicas relacionados com a defesa ao estresse biotico e abiotico. Neste sentido, objetivou-se avaliar a influencia da aplicacao de alguns fungicidas sistemicos nas caracteristicas agronomicas, bioquimicas e fisico-quimicas de couve-flor cv. Flamenco ® no momento da colheita.O experimento foi realizado com delineamento em blocos casualizados, com 4 tratamentos (T1 - testemunha sem aplicacao de fungicidas, T2 - Cantus ® 0,3g L -1 , T3 - Orkestra ® SC 0,3 ml L -1 e T4 - Cabrio ® Top 3,0g L -1 ) e 4 repeticoes. Cada parcela foi representada por 20 plantas, com 2 momentos de aplicacao dos fungicidas (a primeira aos 21 dias apos semeadura nas bandejas e a segunda, no inicio do florescimento da cultura a campo). Os fungicidas induziram maior desenvolvimento das folhas, o que resultou em aumento da area foliar e massa seca ou fresca das folhas. Como consequencia desta influencia dos fungicidas foram obtidas inflorescencias com maior massa fresca e teores de vitamina C. Os tratamentos com piraclostrobina resultaram em reducao da atividade de enzimas antioxidantes.
Synthèses lithostratigraphique et tectonique de l'île de la Jamaïque et de sa marge septentrionale : contribution à l'étude géodynamique de la chaîne Nord-Caraïbe

La Jamaique est constituee d'une epaisse plate-forme carbonatee tertiaire recouvrant en discordance un substratum heterogene. Quatre unites lithostructurales distinctes sont ici definies au sein de ce substratum et correlees aux differents ensembles connus dans la chaine Nord-Caraibe. Il s'agit de : l'unite de Cornwall/Middlesex, constituant un equivalent lateral peu deforme des autres unites d'arc impliquees dans la chaine ; l'unite de Wagwater, representant la paleomarge occidentale d'un bassin ouvert du maestrichtien a l'eocene inferieur ; l'unite des Blue Mountains, caracteristique des zones internes de la chaine Nord-Caraibe ; l'unite de Bath, representant un fragment emerge des bassins Caraibes. Toutes ces unites sont affectees par une compression lors d'une phase transpressive relative a la naissance du systeme Cayman et aux premiers mouvements decrochants senestres le long de la frontiere de plaque Nord-Caraibe. Les structures du domaine marin situe au nord de la Jamaique montrent que l'ouverture du fosse de Cayman a eu lieu au cours de l'eocene moyen et qu'un phenomene de transpression affecte ce domaine depuis le miocene superieur. Un modele d'evolution geodynamique du secteur nord-ouest Caraibe, entre le Barremien et l'actuel est propose
GLOBAL ASSESSMENT OF RADIOCARBON ISOTOPIC ANALYSIS FOR PARTICULATE AND DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON IN RIVERINE SYSTEMS

GLOBAL ASSESSMENT OF RADIOCARBON ISOTOPIC ANALYSIS FOR PARTICULATE AND DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON IN RIVERINE SYSTEMS By Ashley Nicole Tucker A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at Virginia Commonwealth University Virginia Commonwealth University, 2014 Major Advisor: Dr. S. Leigh McCallister, Center for Environmental Studies Rivers are a significant source of particulate and dissolved organic carbon (POC, DOC) into inland waters and coastal systems and provide a fundamental linkage between the terrestrial, oceanic, and atmospheric carbon reservoirs. Recent studies have examined the relationship between the quantity and form (POC vs. DOC) of carbon delivered to the aquatic system; however, little is known about the age of POC and DOC exported and how the radiocarbon age
Epidemiology of hepatitis C

In the United States, the annual number of newly acquired acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections has declined from an estimated 180,000 in the mid 1980s to an estimated 28,000 in 1995. Approximately 25% to 30% of these infections are clinically apparent cases that are sufficiently symptomatic to gain medical attention. Deaths from fulminant hepatitis C are rare. The prevalence of antibody to HCV (anti‐ HCV) in the general population of the United States is 1.8%, corresponding to an estimated 3.9 million Americans infected with HCV, and an estimated 8,000 to 10,000 deaths each year result from HCV‐ associated chronic liver disease. HCV infection affects persons of all ages, but most acute cases of hepatitis C and the highest prevalence of anti‐HCV are found among young adults. The highest proportion both of incident cases and prevalent infections is among whites, but the highest incidence and prevalence rates are among non‐white racial/ethnic groups. In the past, transfusion of blood and blood products was an important source of HCV transmission, but currently, high‐risk drug and sexual exposures account for most HCV transmission. Although the incidence of acute hepatitis C has declined, there is a large reservoir of chronically infected Americans who can serve as a source of transmission to others and who are at risk of the severe consequences of chronic liver disease.
Gsi: A Geologically Friendly Tool For Rock Mass Strength Estimation

This paper presents a review of the estimation of rock mass strength properties through the use of GSI. The GSI classification system greatly respects the geological constraints that occur in nature and are reflected in the geological information. A discussion is given regarding the ranges of the Geological Strength Index for typical rock masses with specific emphasis to heterogeneous rock masses.
Who was eating fish at kish? A theoretical framework for using stable isotope analysis to explore processes of political economy in early dynastic Mesopotamia

Archaeology in Mesopotamia has a long history, with over a century of fieldwork having been undertaken to better understand this important region. The present work discusses the opening of a new chapter in Mesopotamian archaeology : the introduction of paleodiet reconstruction through the analysis of stable isotopes in human skeletal materials. To date, little, if any published research has ever been done that utilizes this method in the study of Mesopotamia, which is particularly unfortunate in light of the fact that stable isotope analysis has been an important and successful means of acquiring valuable information about other ancient societies. In this paper, I will briefly sketch several areas of study in the archaeology of Mesopotamia during the Third Millennium BCE, wherein the application of paleodiet reconstruction might be particularly illuminating, and could effectively supplement existing archaeological and linguistic data to further our understanding of a number of social, economic, and political processes that took place during that period. I will address the prospects for stable isotope analysis in relation to long-distance exchange of perishable commodities and elite self-aggrandizement through feasting. I will show in this assessment that, while there are very real political and practical hindrances that must be surmounted to achieve successful results with this technique, there is every reason to believe that these obstacles can be navigated successfully, and that the inclusion of stable isotope analysis in Mesopotamian archaeological study can only be of great benefit of the archaeological community as a whole
Advancing Agricultural Crop Recognition: The Application of LSTM Networks and Spatial Generalization in Satellite Data Analysis

This study addresses the challenge of accurate crop detection using satellite data, focusing on the application of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks. The research employs a “spatial generalization” approach, where a model trained on one geographic area is applied to another area with similar vegetation conditions during the growing season. LSTM networks, which are capable of learning long-term temporal dependencies, are used to overcome the limitations of traditional machine learning techniques. The results indicate that LSTM networks, although more computationally expensive, provide a more accurate solution for crop recognition compared with other methods such as Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and Random Forest algorithms. The accuracy of LSTM networks was found to be 93.7%, which is significantly higher than the other methods. Furthermore, the study showed a high correlation between the real and model areas of arable land occupied by different crops in the municipalities of the study area. The main conclusion of this research is that LSTM networks, combined with a spatial generalization approach, hold great promise for future agricultural applications, providing a more efficient and accurate tool for crop recognition, even in the face of limited training data and complex environmental variables.
Detecting Robotic and Compromised IPs in Digital Advertising

Irrespective of the intent, malicious or benign, behind the origin of non-human traffic on sponsored advertising pages, failure to detect such unwanted traffic results in deterioration of advertiser performance metrics. Invalid (i.e., robotic) ad traffic is frequently driven by IP addresses (or address ranges) that are exclusively dedicated to VPNs, hosting or proxy services, Tor networks, as well as by unknown or residential IPs that comprise of bot networks set up to inflict maximum damage on a targeted group of advertisers. Sophisticated invalid traffic distributes ad activity across millions of IPs, switches back-and-forth between residential IPs with extremely short-lived dwell time, and disguises behind genuine human traffic to operate from compromised or mixed (sending both human and bot traffic) IPs. In order to mitigate rapidly evolving bot IP traffic, we propose an unsupervised model to generate robust IP embeddings from a mixture of autoencoder network experts, which can be segregated by basic heuristics for flagging entirely invalid IPs. Our contribution further includes the development of a new proxy label and a supervised network harnessing IP, search query and product embeddings, for the purpose of detecting mixed IPs sourcing invalid traffic only to specific sponsored searchor product listing pages. Our proposed two-component IP detection system enhances suspicious IP traffic detection rate by 25% over a classical supervised model baseline.
CENTRAL ASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HISTORY Political Culture and Women’s Participation in Politics: Assessing Citizen’s Perception on the Role of Men and Women in the Political Process

Women account for about 49 per cent of global and national population, yet their access to political decision making power is low. This is owing to some hegemonic perception of what should constitute sex roles in the society which invariably undermine the women folk. The study aims at investigating citizens’ perception towards the roles of men and women in the political process. Adopting a mixed method of data collection, the study sample was put at 600 covering three senatorial districts in Enugu state, Nigeria. Results indicate citizens’ non support for women active participation in politics. Some of their perception ranges from men and women should not participate equally in politics, politics should solely be men’s business, and majority of women who go into politics are irresponsible among others. The paper recommends for citizens’ change in orientation to allow women access to governance and use of quota to enhance women’s presence in governance for better legislation and national development.
Geochemical sediments and landscapes

1. Introduction: Geochemical Sediments in Landscapes (David J. Nash and Sue J. McLaren). 2. Calcrete (V. Paul Wright). 3. Laterite and ferricrete (Mike Widdowson). 4. Silcrete (David J. Nash and J. Stewart Ullyott). 5. Aeolianite (Sue J. McLaren). 6. Tufa and travertine (Heather A. Viles and Allan Pentecost). 7. Speleothems (Ian J. Fairchild, Anna Tooth, Andrea Borsato and Silvia Frisia). 8. Rock varnish (Ronald I. Dorn). 9. Lacustrine and palustrine geochemical sediments (Eric P. Verrecchia). 10. Terrestrial evaporites (Allan R. Chivas). 11. Beachrock and intertidal precipitates (Eberhard Gischler). 12. Nitrate deposits and surface efflorescences (Andrew S. Goudie and Elaine Heslop). 13. Analytical techniques for investigating terrestrial geochemical sediments (John McAlister & Bernie J. Smith). 14. Geochemical sediments and landscapes: general summary (Sue J. McLaren and David J. Nash).
Implications of global warming for African climate

A 2°C increase in global mean temperature ( ΔTg ) has been widely adopted as a benchmark for dangerous climate change. However, there has been a lack of research into the implications of 2°C, or any other degree of warming, for Africa. In this thesis changes in African temperature and precipitation associated with 1°C, 2°C, 3°C, 4°C, and beyond are investigated for the first time, using output from 350 climate model experiments: a collection of simulations from international modelling centres (CMIP3), two Perturbed Physics Ensembles (PPEs), and a group of five regional models. The models project temperature and precipitation anomalies which increase in magnitude and spatial extent as global temperature rises, including a wet signal in East Africa, and drier conditions for African rainforests. The models consistently show that the evolution of change with global warming is gradual, even at 4°C and beyond; but the amplitude and direction of precipitation change at each ΔTg increment vary between models and between datasets. The PPEs project precipitation signals which are not represented by CMIP3, in particular a large drying (>0.5 mm day-1 °C-1) of western Africa. There are also important differences between global and regional models, especially in southern and West Africa (>1 mm day-1). Analysis of atmospheric circulation responses suggests that the higher resolution projections are no more credible in this case. Some of the variation between models can be understood as the result of untrustworthy simulations, leading to constraints on the PPEs, and casting doubt on the strong drying of west Sahel; but model evaluation is found to be limited by observations in the case of the Congo Basin. The implications of global warming are different depending on which models are consulted. The findings emphasise that caution should be exercised in the application of climate model data to inform mitigation debates.
R EDUCING THE C APACITY G AP VIA S PHERICAL K NOWLEDGE D ISTILLATION

Knowledge distillation aims to obtain a small and effective student model by learning the output from a large knowledgeable teacher model. However, when the student is distilled by an oversized teacher, a critical performance degradation problem is exposed. This paper revisits performance degradation problem from the perspective of model confidence. Specifically, we apply energy-based metrics to measure the confidence of models, and propose Spherical Knowledge Distillation (SKD): a more efficient knowledge distillation framework when distilling with larger teachers. A theoretical analysis is provided to show that SKD can effectively reduce the confidence gap between the teacher and student, thus alleviating the performance degradation problem. We demonstrate that SKD is easy to train, and can significantly outperform several strong baselines on various mainstream datasets, including CIFAR-100 and ImageNet.