Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chemical tuning of dynamic cation o ﬀ -centering in the cubic phases of hybrid tin and lead halide perovskites †

Hybrid halide perovskites combine ease of preparation and relatively abundant constituent elements with fascinating photophysical properties. Descriptions of the chemical and structural drivers of the remarkable properties have often focused on the potential role of the dynamic order/disorder of the molecular A-site cations. We reveal here a key aspect of the inorganic framework that potentially impacts the electronic, thermal, and dielectric properties. The temperature evolution of the X-ray pair distribution functions of hybrid perovskites ABX 3 [A + ¼ CH 3 NH 3 (MA) or CH(NH 2 ) 2 (FA); B 2+ ¼ Sn or Pb; X (cid:2) ¼ Br, or I] in their cubic phases above 300 K reveals temperature-activated displacement (o ﬀ centering) of the divalent group 14 cations from their nominal, centered sites. This symmetry-lowering distortion phenomenon, previously dubbed emphanisis in the context of compounds such as PbTe, is attributed to Sn 2+ and Pb 2+ lone pair stereochemistry. Of the materials studied here, the largest displacements from the center of the octahedral sites are found in tin iodides, a more moderate e ﬀ ect is found in lead bromides, and the weakest e ﬀ ect is seen in lead iodides. The A-site cation appears to play a role as well, with the larger FA resulting in greater o ﬀ -centering for both Sn 2+ and Pb 2+ . Dynamic o ﬀ centering, which is concealed within the framework of traditional Bragg crystallography, is proposed to play a key role in the remarkable defect-tolerant nature of transport in these semiconductors via its e ﬀ ect on the polarizability of the lattice. The results suggest a novel chemical design principle for future materials discovery.
Were the North Atlantic Heinrich events triggered by the behavior of the European ice sheets

Theories explaining the origin and distribution of Heinrich layers—abrupt, massive discharges of ice-rafted detritus—generally attribute these layers to the Laurentide ice sheet. However, doubt has been cast by the discovery that sediments also originated from European ice sheets. Here we present isotopic (Sr-Nd) fingerprints of Heinrich layers obtained in cores from the European margin. They reveal that for most of the Heinrich layers, the icebergs were calved first from the European ice sheets, predating the Laurentide surges. Accelerator mass spectrometry 14C ages reveal that the oceanic Heinrich events were synchronous with their dust equivalents in the Greenland ice cores, implying a direct ocean-atmosphere link. The typical Laurentide surge seems to have occurred over a short time span, after about 1.5 k.y. of iceberg release from the European ice sheets. This suggests that the Laurentide ice sheet responded to a stimulus created by events in the European sector.
Efficacy of tranexamic acid in decreasing blood loss during and after cesarean section : A randomized case controlled prospective study

METHOD(S) : A randomized, case controlled, prospective study was conducted on 100 women undergoing lower segment cesarean section (LSCS). Fifty of them were given tranexamic acid immediately before LSCS were compared with 50 others to whom tranexamic acid was not given. Blood loss was collected and measured during two periods. The first period was from placental delivery to end of LSCS and second from the end of LSCS to 2 hours postpartum. Hemoglobin, urine analysis, liver and renal functions were tested in both the groups.
Epidemiology and clinical signi cance of pLVPK-like virulence plasmid in KPC-2-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae infections in eastern China: a preliminary exploration

Min Xu Zhejiang University School of Medicine First A liated Hospital Qing Yang Zhejiang University School of Medicine First A liated Hospital Yanchao Liu Zhejiang University School of Medicine First A liated Hospital Xiao Chen Zhejiang University School of Medicine First A liated Hospital Haishen Kong Zhejiang University School of Medicine First A liated Hospital Zhangrong Fu Zhejiang University School of Medicine First A liated Hospital Yu Chen Zhejiang University School of Medicine First A liated Hospital Yiqi Fu (  fuyiqi@zju.edu.cn ) Zhejiang University School of Medicine First A liated Hospital
Neighborhood Characteristics and Housing Values within the San Juan, MSA, Puerto Rico

This research uses traditional ordinary least square (OLS) global regression and a form of local regression, Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR), to examine the influence of neighborhood characteristics on housing values within the San Juan, Puerto Rico MSA and discusses the importance and outcomes of neighborhood effects on housing values. In addition, it disaggregates the influence of the presence of national groups, such as Cubans and Dominicans, instead of grouping them into the monolithic group of "Hispanics. " It has been common practice in the literature to aggregate very diverse nationalities such as Mexicans, Cubans, Puerto Ricans and Dominicans into a single monolithic group labeled "Hispanics. " The use of GWR helps to identify neighborhood effects because it incorporates local spatial relationships (or exceptions) about neighborhood characteristics and housing values that occur across the study area highlighting the importance of context.
IPIANO : INERTIAL PROXIMAL ALGORITHM FOR NON-CONVEX OPTIMIZATION

This paper studies the minimization of non-convex and non-smooth composite functions. In particular, we discuss the algorithm proposed by Ochs et al. in [14], called iPiano. Following [14], we present a global convergence result for functions satisfying the Kurdyka-Lojasiewicz property [12, 11] which is based on the work by Attouch et al. [4]. Furthermore, we discuss the implementation of iPiano and apply the algorithm to image denoising and image segmentation. In contrast to [14], we use simple denoising functionals instead of Fields of Expert [18, 7] to demonstrate that simple functionals may benefit from non-smooth and non-convex terms. Finally, we demonstrate the applicability of the algorithm to image segmentation based on a 2-phase field approximation of the Mumford-Shah functional [19].
Low Electrical Conductivity Liquid Coolants for Electronics Cooling

1.0 Background Electronics has made its way into practically every aspect of modern life in the recent times. The introduction of the integrated circuit (IC), where several components such as diodes, transistors, resistors, and capacitors are placed on a single chip, revolutionized the electronic industry. The number of components packed in a single chip has increased steadily to Giga-Scale Integration (GSI) today with over a billion components per chip [1]. With a decrease in the size of the electronic components, there has been a dramatic increase in the amount of heat generated per unit volume, jeopardizing the safety and reliability of the electronic equipment. The failure rate of electronic components is doubled for every 10°C increase in the operating temperature. Therefore, thermal control has become increasingly important in the design and operation of the electronic equipment [2].
Study on the Optimum Application Period of Trifloxystrobin·Tebuconazole 75%WG against Main Rice Diseases in Coastal Region

The optimum application period of trifloxystrobin·tebuconazole 75%WG(NATIVO) against main rice diseases in coastal region was studied.The results showed that the late booting and full panicle stages were the optimum application period of NATIVO against rice blast,the control effect was 91.11%. And they also were the optimum application period of NATIVO against rice sheath blight and rice false smut,the control effect were 79.11%,83.75%,respectively.
Association of coffee consumption with risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

A meta-analysis was performed to assess the association of coffee consumption with colorectal cancer and to investigate the shape of the association. Relevant prospective cohort studies were identified by a comprehensive search of the PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases from their inception through August 2015. Either a random-effects model or fixed-effects model was used to compute the pooled risk estimates when appropriate. Linear and nonlinear dose-response meta-analyses were also performed. Nineteen prospective cohort studies involving 2,046,575 participants and 22,629 patients with colorectal cancer were included. The risk of colon cancer was decreased by 7% for every 4 cups per day of coffee (RR=0.93, 95%CI, 0.88-0.99; P=0.199). There was a threshold approximately five cups of coffee per day, and the inverse association for colorectal cancer appeared to be stronger at a higher range of intake. However, a nonlinear association of rectal cancer with coffee consumption was not observed (P for nonlinearity = 0.214). In conclusion, coffee consumption is significantly associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer at ≥ 5 cups per day of coffee consumption. The findings support the recommendations of including coffee as a healthy beverage for the prevention of colorectal cancer.
10 years of Continuous GPS measurements for geodetic tying of Antarctica and India for geodynamical and strain accumulation studies in the south of Indian Peninsula

To holistically understand the geodynamical and crustal deformation processes between India and Antarctica, two global networks (IND and ANT) have been chosen. The ultimate objective is to geodetically connect the two continents. The IGS Station at Diego Garcia (DGAR) is the common station between the two networks. 10 years of data from 1997 to 2007 were used. By these global networks’ analyses, the stations HYDE and MAIT are geodetically tied through DGAR. Very long baselines have been estimated from HYDE and also from Kerguelen (KERG) to other chosen IGS stations in and around India and Antarctica. Our analysis and results using ANT network show an increase in the baseline lengths between Kerguelen in Antarctica plate and other stations such as SEY1, DGAR and COCO and shortening of baseline lengths between HYDE in Indian plate and all these above stations using IND network. The analysis using ANT network also shows lengthening of baselines from Kerguelen to the sites Yaragadee (YAR1) and Tidbinbilla (TID2) in Australian plate; and Seychelles (SEY1) in Male plate, COCO in the diffuse plate boundary between India and Australia and DGAR in Capricorn plate at the rates of 5.3cm/yr, 3.8cm/yr, 5.6mm/yr, 3.03 cm/yr and 5.5 cm/yr respectively. The high rate of movement of COCO Island in comparison to Seychelles could be the result of excessive strain accumulation due to the Indo-Australia diffuse plate boundary forces acting upon this region. The estimated elastic strain accumulation shows an increasing trend of 1.27x 10 -8 yr -1 in the south of Indian peninsula. Our results show the precision of approximately 3-4mm (North), 5-6 mm (East), and 10-12mm (vertical) for the estimation of site coordinates. These results provide new information on the direction and rate of Indian plate motion, the driving mechanisms of Indian plate and intraplate seismicity of the Indian Ocean on the whole.
A Measurement of the Q**2, W and t dependences of deeply virtual Compton scattering at HERA

Deeply virtual Compton scattering, gamma*p -> gamma p, has been measured in e(+)p collisions at HERA with the ZEUS detector using an integrated luminosity of 61.1 pb(-1). Cross sections are presented as a function of the photon virtuality, Q(2), and photon-proton centre-of-mass energy, W, for a wide region of the phase space, Q(2) > 1.5GeV(2) and 40 < W < 170GeV. A subsample of events in which the scattered proton is measured in the leading proton spectrometer, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 31.3 pb(-1), is used for the first direct measurement of the differential cross section as a function of t, where t is the square of the four-momentum transfer at the proton vertex.
Flexible pivoting of the PH domain in dynamin catalyzes fission by affecting membrane properties: Insights into the molecular degrees of freedom

The neuronal dynamin1 functions in the release of synaptic vesicles by orchestrating a process of GTPase-dependent membrane fission. Dynamin1 associates with the plasma membrane-localized phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP 2 ) through the centrally-located pleckstrin homology domain (PHD). The PHD is dispensable as fission can be managed even when the PHD-PIP 2 interaction is replaced by a generic polyhistidine-or polylysine-lipid interaction. Remarkably however, the absence of the PHD renders a dramatic dampening of the rate of fission. These observations suggest that the PHD-PIP 2 interaction could have evolved to expedite fission to fulfill the requirement of rapid kinetics of synaptic vesicle recycling. Here, we use a suite of multiscale modeling approaches that combine atomistic molecular dynamics simulations, mixed-resolution membrane mimetic models, coarse-grained molecular simulations and advanced free-energy sampling (metadynamics) methods
The evolutionary history of shell geometry in Paleozoic ammonoids

Abstract Tracking the geometry of all 597 ammonoid genera from the Lower Devonian into the Lower Triassic, a 145-Myr period that spans three mass extinctions, shows that Paleozoic ammonoid shell geometries were strongly biased for a few combinations of whorl expansion (W), whorl overlap (D), and whorl shape (S). Just three modal combinations accommodated approximately 432 genera (72% of total) and just one combination accommodated 239 genera (40%). All three primary modal forms have similar low expansion rates (W ≈ 1.75) and differ only in coiling tightness (D). These geometries resulted in long body chambers (≈400°) with Nautilus-like static in-life aperture orientations (≈30°) for the great majority (>80%) of Paleozoic ammonoids. The ancestral clade Agoniatitida included a unique spectrum of openly coiled geometries that went extinct at the Frasnian/Famennian boundary (and were not seen again until the Triassic). The Devonian/Mississippian extinction terminated the brief, explosive radiation of the Clymeniida (64 genera). The dominant Paleozoic clade, the Goniatitida (ca. 130 Myr, 374 genera [64% of total]), survived both the F/F and D/M extinctions, but began declining well before the Permian/Triassic crisis. The long-lived Prolecanitida (40 genera [7%]) appeared shortly after the D/M extinction, persisted as a low-diversity clade through the Carboniferous, and gave rise to the Ceratitida in the mid-Permian, from which were derived all Mesozoic ammonoids. After each major extinction event the phylogenetic composition of ammonoid stocks was fundamentally reordered and geometries were recanalized. Without external disturbances, as the relatively uninterrupted Mississippian through Permian record shows, the history of ammonoid shell geometry would probably have been a record of much greater constancy, perhaps tied much more closely to the Lower Devonian geometric landscape.
Observations of Overturning in the Thermocline: The Context of Ocean Mixing

Abstract The time sequence of events that lead to internal wave breaking and ocean turbulence is investigated. Data are obtained from depths 100–400 m with a repeat profiling CTD and a coded-pulse Doppler sonar. The instruments were deployed from R/P FLIP during February–March 1995 while stationed 30 km west of Point Arguello, California, as an aspect of the Marine Boundary Layer Experiment. Although the water depth at the site is 1500 m, both rms shear and diapycnal diffusivity, as inferred from the average rate and size of overturning events, increase with depth below 250 m. A deep source of wave energy is implied. Depth–time series of 6.4-m shear S, 2-m strain (γ ≡ N2/N2, where N is the buoyancy frequency), 6.4-m gradient Richardson number Ri ≡ N2/S2, and 2-m “effective strain rate” (the depth derivative of CTD-inferred vertical velocity ŵ) are obtained at 4 minute intervals over a 9-day, 100–400 m domain. The occurrence of overturns, static instabilities of vertical scale ≥2 m in the observed density .
Manquons-nous de temps ?

Les individus des societes developpees occidentales manquent-ils objectivement et subjectivement de plus en plus de temps? (Schor, 1991; Meda et Schor, 1997) Si ces propos ont suscite, a l’epoque, le debat aux Etats-Unis (les statistiques mobilisees par Juliet Schor avaient notamment ete mises en cause par Robinson et Godbey, 1999), specialistes des enquetes emploi du temps aux Etats-Unis), il n’en a pas ete de meme en France, le poids du chomage releguant legitimement ce genre de preoccupation aux derniers rangs. Depuis quelques annees pourtant, sous l’effet de la reprise de l’emploi intervenue entre 1997 et 2000, de l’augmentation du temps de travail de certaines categories et de la diffusion de la RTT, les enquetes commencent a s’interesser a ces questions et a dessiner les contours d’une population pour laquelle le manque de temps constitue un veritable probleme. Loin de n’etre qu’un petit inconfort personnel, qui serait l’apanage des cadres dirigeants et des wonderwomen, le sentiment de manque de temps apparait au contraire comme le signe d’un grippage ou d’une inefficacite des mecanismes classiques de regulation, et sans doute comme une invitation a concevoir des politiques publiques capables d’aider a la mise en place d’une nouvelle concordance et d’une plus grande coherence des differents temps individuels et sociaux.
INVENTARIO DEL ARBOLADO DE ALINEACIÓN DE LA CIUDAD DE MÉXICO

Following the analysis of the data on the alignment trees in Mexico City reported in july 1994 the purpose now is to obtain a description of the street tree situation in the different "Delegaciones" including a precise count of the number of trees per block and to ascertain relations between characteristics of site and health, dendometric measures and species of the trees.
Application of an Aquatic Plant Risk Assessment to Non-Indigenous Freshwater Plants in Trade in Canada

IV RESUME V INTRODUCTION 1 Background 2 Purpose 3 METHODS 3 Evaluating Freshwater Plant Species based on Climate Tolerance for Canada 7 RESULTS 8 Screening Freshwater Plant Species in Trade in Canada 9 DISCUSSION 10 SUMMARY 10 CONCLUSIONS 11 REFERENCES 12 APPENDICES 14
Quota Options for the Red Sea Urchin Fishery in British Columbia for Fishing Season 2000/2001

1 This series documents the scientific basis for the evaluation of fisheries resources in Canada. As such, it addresses the issues of the day in the time frames required and the documents it contains are not intended as definitive statements on the subjects addressed but rather as progress reports on ongoing investigations. 1 La présente série documente les bases scientifiques des évaluations des ressources halieutiques du Canada. Elle traite des problèmes courants selon les échéanciers dictés. Les documents qu’elle contient ne doivent pas être considérés comme des énoncés définitifs sur les sujets traités, mais plutôt comme des rapports d’étape sur les études en cours.
Flow of Goods , People and Information among Cities of Northeast Asia

1995. A drawback to studying flows between major cities is that information on telecommunications traffic is only available between countries. Also container traffic data are restricted to individual ports. Consequently, most attention is paid to movements of passenger aircraft between major cities derived from analysing timetables, particulany as they can be related to regional development concepts applied in Europe such as the `blue banana` and `bunches of grapes` concepts. A `peas in a pod` may be a more appropriate metaphor for Northeast Asia. Passenger aircraft movements are examined again in 1998 to gauge the impact of the Asian crisis. An examination is made of container movements, air cargo/passengers and telecommunications traffic in Northeast Asia during
The Universal Thermal Climate Index UTCI Goal and state of COST Action 730

The heat exchange between the human body and its environment takes place by sensible and latent heat fluxes, radiation and (generally negligible) conduction. Consequently dealing with the thermophysiologically significant assessment of the thermal environment requires the application of a complete heat budget model that takes all mechanisms of heat exchange into account. Input variables include air temperature, water vapour pressure, wind velocity, mean radiant temperature including the shortand long-wave radiation fluxes of the atmosphere, in addition to metabolic rate and clothing insulation. Based on current advances in science of heat budget modelling there is a need for harmonisation of the development and dissemination of a universally valid health related climate index.
R EVIEW : K NOWLEDGE M ANAGEMENT AND K NOWLEDGE M ANAGEMENT S YSTEMS : C ONCEPTUAL F OUNDATIONS AND R ESEARCH I SSUES 1, 2

Knowledge is a broad and abstract notion that has defined epistemological debate in western philosophy since the classical Greek era. In the past few years, however, there has been a growing interest in treating knowledge as a significant organizational resource. Consistent with the interest in organizational knowledge and knowledge management (KM), IS researchers have begun promoting a class of information systems, referred to as knowledge management systems (KMS). The objective of KMS is to support creation, transfer, and application of knowledge in organizations. Knowledge and knowledge management are complex and multi-faceted concepts. Thus, effective development and implementation of KMS requires a foundation in several rich literatures. To be credible, KMS research and development should preserve and build upon the significant literature that exists in different but related fields. This paper provides a review and interpretation of knowledge management literatures in different fields with an eye toward identifying the important areas for research. We present a detailed process view of organizational knowledge management with a focus on the potential role of information technology in this process. Drawing upon the literature review and analysis of knowledge management
A Southward Migration of Centennial-Scale Variations of Drought/Flood in Eastern China and the Western United States

Abstract Several studies of the established warm season climate records for eastern China (1470–1997) showed alternating dry and wet periods at centennial scales. The spatial patterns show that when a dry condition or drought was observed in southern China, a wet or flood situation was found in the northern part of eastern China and vice versa. These patterns suggest a meridional variation of the centennial-scale wet/dry anomalies. This study analyzed the same data and showed that the dry and wet anomalies initially appeared in the northern part of eastern China and then migrated southward to affect the low latitudes. An extension of this analysis to the United States revealed a similar southward migration of dry/wet anomalies that first developed in the high latitudes in the western part of the country. The average speed of the migrations in both areas is about 3.0° of latitude per 10 years. The results suggest that mechanisms in mid- and high latitudes may play critical roles in the development of droug.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF OZONE CONCENTRATION: A FORECASTING AND CONTROL MODEL IN URBAN AREAS

Ozone concentration in the urban areas of Rome is studied using statistical methods of multivariate and time series analyses. Data from two sites, a green park and a heavily traveled street, are evaluated and seasonal trends are linked to other variables' behaviors. Also, the relationship between the full set of pollution variables has been analyzed.