Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sink, Source or Something In‐Between? Net Effects of Precipitation on Aerosol Particle Populations

Interactions between atmospheric aerosols, clouds, and precipitation impact Earth's radiative balance and air quality, yet remain poorly constrained. Precipitating clouds serve as major sinks for particulate matter, but recent studies suggest that precipitation may also act as a particle source. The magnitude of the sources versus sinks, particularly for cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) numbers, remain unquantified. This study analyzes multi‐year in situ observations from tropical and boreal forests, as well as Arctic marine environment, showing links between recent precipitation and enhanced particle concentrations, including CCN‐sized particles. In some cases, the magnitude of precipitation‐related source equals or surpasses corresponding removal effect. Our findings highlight the importance of cloud‐processed material in determining near‐surface particle concentrations and the value of long‐term in situ observations for understanding aerosol particle life cycle. Robust patterns emerge from sufficiently long data series, allowing for quantitative assessment of the large‐scale significance of new phenomena observed in case studies.
Optimal Protocols and Management of Clinical and Genomic Data Collection to Assist in the Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Multiple Congenital Anomalies

Standardized protocols have been designed and developed specifically for clinical information collection and obtaining trio genomic information from infants affected with congenital anomalies (CA) and their parents, as well as securing human biological resources. The protocols include clinical and genomic information collection on multiple CA that were difficult to diagnose using pre-existing screening methods. We obtained human-derived resources and genomic information from 138 cases, including 45 families of infants with CA and their parent trios. For the clinical information collection protocol, criteria for target patient selection and a consent system for collecting and utilizing research resources are crucial. Whole genome sequencing data were generated for all participants, and standardized protocols were developed for resource collection and manufacturing. We recorded the phenotype information according to the Human Phenotype Ontology term, and epidemiological information was collected through an environmental factor questionnaire. Updating and recording of clinical symptoms and genetic information that have been newly added or changed over time are significant. The protocols enabled long-term tracking by including the growth and development status that reflect the important characteristics of newborns. Using these clinical and genetic information collection protocols for CA, an essential platform for early genetic diagnosis and diagnostic research can be established, and new genetic diagnostic guidelines can be presented in the near future.
Ground truthing chemostratigraphic correlations in fluvial systems

Changes in elemental chemistry have been used to define stratigraphic correlations between wellbores in petroleum basins. Few publications, however, relate defined chemical stratigraphy to physical correlations, and none have been found that do so in fluvial systems. Here, chemostratigraphy is applied to Permian fluvial sediments within the Beaufort Group of the Karoo Basin in South Africa, and a correlation between three logged sections is defined. This correlation is tested against physically determined chronostratigraphic correlations achieved using Heli-LIDAR data to provide a high-resolution correlation between two sections 7 km (4.4 mi) apart, and mapping of strata using Google Earth to produce a correlation between sections 25.5 km (15.8 mi) apart. The chemostratigraphic characterization that is defined using data from fine-grained lithologies resulted in the recognition of eight chemostratigraphic packages, with thicknesses between 50 and 250 m (164 and 820 ft) over a stratigraphic interval of approximately 900 m (2953 ft). Two distinctive changes in geochemical composition of the coarser lithologies (fluvial channel belts) were seen over this interval. In the two sections that are 7 km (4.4 mi) apart, higher resolution subdivision of chemostratigraphic packages was achieved to produce four correlative geochemical units (30–60 m [98–197 ft] in thickness) that provide a high-resolution correlation. The chemostratigraphic and chronostratigraphic correlations are in close agreement in both the 7-km- (4.4-mi) and the 25.5-km- (15.8 mi) spaced sections. The thickness of the study interval and spacing of sections is analogous to published chemostratigraphy studies on subsurface sequences; thereby, ground truthing the use of chemostratigraphy for correlation in subsurface fluvial systems that are, to some degree, analogous to the Beaufort Group sediments of this paper.
The Effect of Soil Air Entrapment on Soil Erosion During Simulated Rainfall

ABSTRACT THE effect of entrapped soil air on soil erosion during simulated rainfall was investigated. A rotating disc rainfall simulator generated laboratory rainstorms of 220 mm/h intensity with raindrop characteristics similar to those of natural rainfall. A test box containing a reconstructed tilled Hagerstown silty clay loam profile with a slowly permeable layer was used to evaluate the effect of soil air entrapment on runoff and erosion rates. Rainstorms of known intensity and duration were applied to the test box and the ensuing runoff was collected. The sediment-runoff water mixture, from each 15-s period, was analyzed with the results expressed as infiltration, runoff, and erosion rates and sediment concentrations. Although only 0.17% of the total energy available for erosion on land areas with a restricting layer originates from entrapped soil air acting upward at the soil surface, a comparison of erosion rates of air-vented and air-trapped treatments showed an increase in erosion rate of 66% due to air entrapment. Furthermore, soil air entrapment enhanced sediment concentration and runoff rate by 25 and 30%, respectively.
A global marine‐fixed nitrogen isotopic budget: Implications for Holocene nitrogen cycling

A nitrogen stable isotopic model was constructed in order to constrain the Holocene marine‐fixed nitrogen budget. The primary sources and sinks considered were riverine and atmospheric sources, nitrogen fixation, sedimentary and water column denitrification, and sediment burial. The source budget was found to be insensitive to changes in nitrogen fixation rates, and thus could not be used to constrain this term. However, the isotopic value of fixed nitrogen losses was very sensitive to the amount of sedimentary denitrification. If the isotopic value of marine‐fixed nitrogen has not changed during the Holocene, as supported by sedimentary records, then in order to balance the isotopic value of sinks and sources, approximately 280 Tg N yr−1 of sedimentary denitrification is required. If such a high rate of denitrification has been sustained throughout the Holocene, it implies that present‐day estimates of marine nitrogen fixation are grossly underestimated. It also implies that the marine nitrogen budget has a residence time of less than 2000 years.
Low‐frequency variability of precipitation in the North American monsoon region as diagnosed through earlywood and latewood tree‐ring chronologies in the southwestern US

Recent studies have pointed out the statistical occurrence of dual‐season droughts detected in tree‐ring chronologies over the southwestern US region that is not well described by instrumental observed records of the 20th century. In this study, a multi‐statistical approach that evaluates persistent dual‐season drought using a mode‐of‐variability oriented approach is proposed, considering a new network of tree‐ring earlywood (EW)‐ and latewood‐adjusted (LWadj) chronologies from throughout southwestern North America. To determine dominant patterns of spatiotemporal variability, empirical, orthogonal functions, canonical correlation analysis, and multi‐taper‐method singular value decomposition analyses were applied, with focus on variability from inter‐annual to centennial periods and highlighting the multi‐decadal signals inherent to proxy record network. During the instrumental period, we demonstrate that EW and LWadj networks of tree‐ring chronologies are able to capture the associated precipitation responses of cool and warm season atmospheric teleconnections. Considering the four‐century period of the complete tree‐ring network, we explore the possibility of a dual summer–winter variability signal in the low‐frequency climate regime. EW and LWadj seem to be coherent in‐phase at the very low‐frequency scale (50–100 years spectral band). This provocative result is supported by major historic documented multi‐year droughts of the region since 1650. Thus, the temporal variation of these chronologies time series and its associated spatial pattern strongly suggest that this low‐frequency mode might represents an important spatiotemporal variation of droughts in the Southwest; however, the source of this signal is still an open question and of great interest for drought planning and resource management in the region.
Evidence of plant–insect interactions in the Upper Triassic Molteno Formation of South Africa

The Molteno Formation of Late Triassic (Carnian) age in South Africa has yielded more than 200 plant species from 100 plant assemblages at 69 localities (30 000 catalogued slabs) as well as more than 300 species of insect. Damage to leaves caused by insects is widespread on many plant species at numerous localities. The damage includes feeding traces, predominantly continuous marginal feeding traces, leaf mines including linear and possible blotch varieties and probable leaf galls. Damaged taxa include a wide variety of gymnosperms including the conifer Heidiphyllum, the ginkgoaleans Ginkgo and Sphenobaiera, the peltasperms Dicroidium and Dejerseya, the pentoxyalean Taeniopteris and the gnetopsid Yabeiella. Quantitative data (>3000 specimens examined) on the insect damage were obtained for four sites: Aasvöelberg, Birds River, Kapokkraal and Waldeck. Quantitative data indicate that leaf damage between sites varies from 3 to 25% and within species from 1 to 50%. The variation in damage to the same taxon between sites, and even in the overall folivory seen at the four sites, makes the interpretation of the general levels of herbivory in the Molteno difficult to assess. Herbivory levels in Northern Hemisphere Triassic plant assemblages appear to be significantly lower than those in the Molteno, and succeeding Jurassic floras worldwide also show a low level of plant–insect interactions. It is not yet clear to what extent taphonomic bias may influence the calculation of overall herbivory levels for a given time period.
Construction of pseudorabies virus variant attenuated vaccine: codon deoptimization of US3 and UL56 genes based on PRV gE/TK deletion strain

Since 2011, pseudorabies based on the pseudorabies virus (PRV) variant has emerged as a serious health issue in pig farms in China. The PRV gE/TK or gE/gI/TK deletion strains protect against emerging PRV variants. However, these variants may cause lethal infections in newborn piglets without PRV antibodies. Previous studies have shown that codon deoptimization of a virulence gene causes virus attenuation. Accordingly, we deoptimized US3-S (US3 gene encoding a short isoform that represents approximately 95% of the total US3 transcription) and UL56 genes (first 10 or all codons) of PRV gE/TK deletion strain (PRVΔTK&gE−AH02) to generate six recombinant PRVs through bacterial artificial chromosome technology. In swine testicular cells, recombinant PRVs with all codon deoptimization of US3-S or UL56 genes were grown to lower titers than the parental virus. Notably, US3-S or UL56 with all codon deoptimization reduced mRNA and protein expressions. Subsequently, the safety and immunogenicity of recombinant PRVs with codon deoptimization of US3-S or UL56 are evaluated as vaccine candidates in mice and piglets. The mice inoculated with recombinant PRVs with codon deoptimization of US3-S or UL56 showed exceptional survival ability without severe clinical signs. All codons deoptimized (US3-S and UL56) significantly decreased virus load and attenuated pathological changes in the brains of the mice. Moreover, the protection efficiency offered by recombinant PRVs with codon deoptimization of US3-S or UL56 showed similar effects to PRVΔTK&gE−AH02. Remarkably, the 1-day-old PRV antibody-negative piglets inoculated with PRVΔTK&gE-US3-ST−CD (a recombinant PRV with all codon deoptimization of US3-S) presented no abnormal clinical symptoms, including fever. The piglets inoculated with PRVΔTK&gE-US3-ST−CD showed a high serum neutralization index against the PRV variant. In conclusion, these results suggest using codon deoptimization to generate innovative live attenuated PRV vaccine candidates.
Floodplain reconnection and sediment capture at Chorro Flats, San Luis Obispo County: Post-project appraisal one decade after construction

The Chorro Flats Floodplain Reconnection project in Morro Bay, California is referred to as a successful restoration project because of the thorough planning process and consideration of geomorphic processes in the project design. The Chorro Flats project was part of a suite of projects in the Chorro Creek watershed intended to reduce the sediment load into Morro Bay, a highly productive estuary threatened by an increased rate of infill. In this paper, we present a post-project appraisal one decade after construction. We evaluate the project through several research questions that examine floodplain reconnection, sediment capture, geomorphic changes, and post-project monitoring. Due to a convergence of fortuitous factors and thorough planning, the project achieved sediment capture through floodplain reconnection. In addition, the project achieved its secondary goals to develop in-stream habitat and a healthy riparian zone. We found that monitoring efforts were difficult to replicate, and that continued monitoring of the project is essential to evaluate the lifespan of the project and potential downstream impacts.
The coupled orbital and thermal evolution of Triton

The coupled orbital and thermal evolution of Triton is simulated with a model of the satellite having temperature dependent k/Q (k is the second degree Love number and Q is the tidal dissipation factor). Large changes in orbital and interior properties occur in a short time span of less than 108 years. The peak tidal heating rate exceeds the radioactive heating rate by a factor of at least 103. The ability of tidal heating to overwhelm solid state convection and cause global melting is unequivocally demonstrated. Triton's initial thermal state and composition are shown to control the length of time that passes between capture from heliocentric orbit and the occurrence of swift and dramatic changes in orbital and internal properties. This time interval could have been several billion years.
Automatic essay scoring for discussion forum in online learning based on semantic and keyword similarities

PurposeThe authors constructed an automatic essay scoring (AES) model in a discussion forum where the result was compared with scores given by human evaluators. This research proposes essay scoring, which is conducted through two parameters, semantic and keyword similarities, using a SentenceTransformers pre-trained model that can construct the highest vector embedding. Combining these models is used to optimize the model with increasing accuracy.Design/methodology/approachThe development of the model in the study is divided into seven stages: (1) data collection, (2) pre-processing data, (3) selected pre-trained SentenceTransformers model, (4) semantic similarity (sentence pair), (5) keyword similarity, (6) calculate final score and (7) evaluating model.FindingsThe multilingual paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2 and distilbert-base-multilingual-cased-v1 models got the highest scores from comparisons of 11 pre-trained multilingual models of SentenceTransformers with Indonesian data (Dhini and Girsang, 2023). Both multilingual models were adopted in this study. A combination of two parameters is obtained by comparing the response of the keyword extraction responses with the rubric keywords. Based on the experimental results, proposing a combination can increase the evaluation results by 0.2. Originality/valueThis study uses discussion forum data from the general biology course in online learning at the open university for the 2020.2 and 2021.2 semesters. Forum discussion ratings are still manual. In this survey, the authors created a model that automatically calculates the value of discussion forums, which are essays based on the lecturer's answers moreover rubrics.
Modelos de Beaver, Ohlson y Altman: ¿Son realmente capaces de predecir la bancarrota en el sector empresarial costarricense?

El presente articulo analiza la aplicacion de modelos para la prevencion de bancarrotas empresariales en el sector empresarial costarricense. Se aplicaron los modelos a un grupo de empresas que se acogieron al proceso de intervencion financiera, o quiebra, en el Juzgado Concursal de los Tribunales de Justicia de San Jose, con el fin de determinar si estos modelos fueron capaces de predecir la bancarrota. Dentro de los hallazgos principales estan que el Modelo de Altman califico a cuatro de las cinco empresas analizadas como zona roja el ano en que se declararon en quiebra, el Modelo de Ohlson, con su ecuacion O1 u O3, califico en quiebra las cinco empresas el ano en que se dio, y el modelo de Beaver califico como el ano con peores indicadores al ultimo en tres ocasiones, a diferencia de los otros modelos, los cuales no indicaron que el ano de quiebra tuviera los peores indicadores
The Real DAPSI: A Real-World Retrospective Study on Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of a Fixed-Dose Combination of Dapagliflozin and Sitagliptin in the Indian Population

Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder affecting millions of individuals worldwide. Effective management of T2DM is crucial to prevent complications. Dapagliflozin and sitagliptin are oral anti-diabetic agents that have been shown to provide synergistic effects in controlling blood glucose levels. However, there is limited data on the efficacy and safety of the dapagliflozin-sitagliptin fixed-dose combination (FDC) in the Indian population. This study aimed to evaluate the real-world effectiveness and safety of the dapagliflozin-sitagliptin FDC in the Indian population. Methods This was a retrospective study conducted at healthcare centers in India. The study included patients with T2DM who were prescribed a FDC of dapagliflozin and sitagliptin. Data were collected from the medical health records of patients, including demographics, baseline glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood glucose levels, BMI, blood pressure, and adverse events. The primary outcome was the change in HbA1c, postprandial plasma glucose (PPG), and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) from baseline to 12 weeks after treatment initiation. Results A total of 358 patients were included in the study, with a mean age of 56.2 years. The majority of the patients were male (68.2%), and the mean baseline HbA1c was 8.9 ± 0.87%. After 12 weeks of treatment with dapagliflozin and sitagliptin, there was a significant reduction in HbA1c levels from 8.9 to 7.2 (p <0.0001). There was also a significant reduction in fasting blood glucose levels from 178.8 to 124.0 (p <0.0001) and postprandial blood glucose levels from 273.9 to 176.0 (p <0.0001). There were no serious adverse events reported during the study period. Conclusion The FDC of dapagliflozin and sitagliptin is effective and safe in reducing blood glucose levels and BMI in the Indian population with T2DM. This real-world retrospective study provides valuable insights into the clinical effectiveness and safety of dapagliflozin-sitagliptin FDC in the Indian population. These findings highlight the potential benefits of this combination therapy in managing T2DM and pave the way for optimized treatment strategies and improved patient outcomes in the Indian healthcare landscape. Clinicians may consider dapagliflozin-sitagliptin FDC as a viable treatment option for T2DM patients.
A Study of Taiwanese College Students’ Perception about Vietnam and Motivation for Traveling to Vietnam

This paper aims to investigate the perception of Taiwanese potential tourists about Vietnam and their motivation for traveling to Vietnam. The 39-items survey questionnaire was developed to conduct a survey on Taiwanese college students of the Southern Taiwan University during March 2010. A total valid questionnaire of 360 was used in data analysis for empirical test with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The results from the analysis showed that Taiwanese potential tourists did not get familiar with the general image of Vietnam; specifically 71.6 % of them didn’t know or not be sure that Hanoi is the capital of Vietnam. Besides, the most important results revealed that perception and motivation of respondents have a positively impact on destination behavioral intention. Furthermore, gender and information can have influence on perception and motivation. These findings imply some considerate application for Vietnam tourism administers in planning strategic campaigns to promote the image of the country to potential tourists.
Tracking Microbial Diversity and Hygienic-Sanitary Status during Processing of Farmed Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Aquaculture is becoming a strategic sector for many national economies to supply the increasing demand for fish from consumers. Fish culture conditions and processing operations can lead to an increase in microbial contamination of farmed fish that may shorten the shelf-life of fish products and byproducts, and ready-to-eat fishery products. The objective of this study was to evaluate the hygienic-sanitary status of water, environment, and processing of fresh-farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fillets produced in a local fish farm in Andalusia, Spain. To achieve this, a longitudinal study was carried out by collecting environmental (air and food-contact surfaces), water from fish ponds, and rainbow trout samples. Thereby, seven sampling visits were performed between February 2021 and July 2022, where foodborne pathogens and spoilage microorganisms, together with physicochemical parameters, were analysed in the collected samples. Further, microbial identification of microbiota was achieved through a culture-dependent technique using blast analysis of 16S RNA gene sequencing. The results showed that Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella were not detected in the analysed samples. Regarding the hygienic-sanitary status of the fish farm, the slaughtering bath, the eviscerating machine and the outlet water from fish ponds presented the highest counts of coliforms, Enterobacteriaceae, and Aerobic Mesophilic Bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus and sulphite-reducing Clostridium were identified in the conveyor belts, fish flesh, and viscera. The 16S RNA identification confirmed the presence of viable spoilage bacteria such as Citrobacter gillenii, Macrococcus caseolyticus, Hafnia paralvei, Lactococcus lactis, Lactococcus cremoris, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli, Morganella morganii, and Shewanella. Three of these genera (Citrobacter, Hafnia, and Pseudomonas) were present in all types of samples analysed. The results evidenced potential transmission of microbial contamination from contaminated packaging belts and boxes, evisceration and filleting machines to flesh and viscera samples, thus the establishment of control measures should be implemented in fish farm facilities to extend the shelf-life of farmed fishery products.