Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interaction blockade for bosons in an asymmetric double well

The interaction blockade phenomenon isolates the motion of a single quantum particle within a multi-particle system, in particular for coherent oscillations in and out of a region affected by the blockade mechanism. For identical quantum particles with Bose statistics, the presence of the other particles is still felt by a bosonic stimulation factor $\sqrt{N}$ that speeds up the coherent oscillations, where $N$ is the number of bosons. Here we propose an experiment to observe this enhancement factor with a small number of bosonic atoms. The proposed protocol realises an asymmetric double well potential with multiple optical tweezer laser beams. The ability to adjust bias independently of the coherent coupling between the wells allows the potential to be loaded with different particle numbers while maintaining the resonance condition needed for coherent oscillations. Numerical simulations with up to three bosons in a realistic potential generated by three optical tweezers predict that the relevant avoided level crossing can be probed and the expected bosonic enhancement factor observed.
Ionization age of iron ejecta in the Galactic Type Ia supernova remnant G306.3−0.9

We present a 190 ks observation of the Galactic supernova remnant (SNR) G306.3-0.9 with Suzaku. To study ejecta properties of this possible Type Ia SNR, the absolute energy scale at the Fe-K band was calibrated to a level of uncertainty less than 10 eV by a cross-calibration with the Hitomi microcalorimeter using the Perseus cluster spectra. This enabled us for the first time to accurately determine the ionization state of the Fe K$\alpha$ line of this SNR. The ionization timescale ($\tau$) of the Fe ejecta was measured to be $\log_{10} \tau$ (cm$^{-3}$ s) $=10.24\pm0.03$, significantly smaller than previous measurements. Marginally detected K$\alpha$ lines of Cr and Mn have consistent ionization timescales with Fe. The global spectrum was well fitted with shocked interstellar matter (ISM) and at least two ejecta components with different ionization timescales for Fe and intermediate mass elements (IME) such as S and Ar. One plausible interpretation of the one-order-of-magnitude shorter timescale of Fe than that of IME ($\log_{10} \tau = 11.17\pm0.07$) is a chemically stratified structure of ejecta. By comparing the X-ray absorption column to the HI distribution decomposed along the line of sight, we refined the distance to be $\sim$20 kpc. The large ISM-to-ejecta shocked mass ratio of $\sim$100 and dynamical timescale of $\sim$6 kyr place the SNR in the late Sedov phase. These properties are consistent with a stratified ejecta structure that has survived the mixing processes expected in an evolved supernova remnant.
Unstable standard candles. Periodic light curve modulation in fundamental mode classical Cepheids

We report the discovery of periodic modulation of pulsation in 51 fundamental mode classical Cepheids of the Magellanic Clouds observed by the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment. Although the overall incidence rate is very low, about 1 per cent in each of the Magellanic Clouds, in the case of the SMC and pulsation periods between 12 and 16d the incidence rate is nearly 40 per cent. On the other hand, in the LMC the highest incidence rate is 5 per cent for pulsation periods between 8 and 14d, and the overall amplitude of the effect is smaller. It indicates that the phenomenon is metallicity dependent. Typical modulation periods are between 70 and 300d. In nearly all stars the mean brightness is modulated, which, in principle, may influence the use of classical Cepheids for distance determination. Fortunately, the modulation of mean brightness does not exceed 0.01 mag in all but one star. Also, the effect averages out in typical observations spanning a long time base. Consequently, the effect of modulation on the determination of the distance moduli is negligible. The relative modulation amplitude of the fundamental mode is also low and, with one exception, it does not exceed 6 per cent. The origin of the modulation is unknown. We draw a hypothesis that the modulation is caused by the 2:1 resonance between the fundamental mode and the second overtone that shapes the famous Hertzsprung bump progression.
Magnetic Iron–Improved Growth, Leaf Chemical Content, Yield, and Fruit Quality of Chinese Mandarin Trees Grown under Soil Salinity Stress

Chinese mandarin fruits are an inexpensive and rich source of vitamin C. They have potential benefits in treating acute respiratory infections and mitigating inflammation in critical patients with COVID-19. In Egypt, citrus is the most important fruit tree but is sensitive to salinity stress, resulting in poor vegetative tree growth and reductions in productivity and fruit quality. Magnetic iron has emerged as a promising approach in the citrus tree industry, since it improves vegetative growth, yield, and fruit quality and alleviates salinity stress in Chinese mandarin trees grown in soils suffering from high salt stress. This research is aimed at studying the influence of adding magnetic iron (as soil treatment) on tree canopy growth, yield, and fruit quality of ‘Chinese’ mandarin trees. Therefore, the treatments were as follows: 0, 250, 500, and or 750 g of magnetic iron.tree−1. Our results indicated that all applications of magnetic iron significantly improved tree canopy volume, leaf total chlorophyll, relative water content, yield (kg.tree−1), and the fruit physical and chemical characteristics of Chinese mandarin. In contrast, leaf Na and Cl content, (%), proline, and total phenolic content were decreased by magnetic iron soil treatments. In respect to vegetative growth, our results indicated that adding magnetic iron at the concentration 750 g.tree−1 caused the best values of tree canopy volume. A similar trend was noticed regarding yield. The increase in yield attained was nearly 19%; the best values were obtained when magnetic iron were used at 750 g.tree−1. In conclusion, the application of magnetic iron can lead to improved fruit production and fruit quality of Chinese mandarin trees grown in salinity stress conditions.
SILVERRUSH. VIII. Spectroscopic Identifications of Early Large-scale Structures with Protoclusters over 200 Mpc at z ∼ 6–7: Strong Associations of Dusty Star-forming Galaxies

We have obtained three-dimensional maps of the universe in ∼200 × 200 × 80 comoving Mpc3 (cMpc3) volumes each at z = 5.7 and 6.6 based on a spectroscopic sample of 179 galaxies that achieves ≳80% completeness down to the Lyα luminosity of , based on our Keck and Gemini observations and the literature. The maps reveal filamentary large-scale structures and two remarkable overdensities made out of at least 44 and 12 galaxies at z = 5.692 (z57OD) and z = 6.585 (z66OD), respectively, making z66OD the most distant overdensity spectroscopically confirmed to date, with >10 spectroscopically confirmed galaxies. We compare spatial distributions of submillimeter galaxies at z ≃ 4–6 with our z = 5.7 galaxies forming the large-scale structures, and detect a 99.97% signal of cross-correlation, indicative of a clear coincidence of dusty star-forming galaxy and dust-unobscured galaxy formation at this early epoch. The galaxies in z57OD and z66OD are actively forming stars with star-formation rates (SFRs) ≳5 times higher than the main sequence, and particularly the SFR density in z57OD is 10 times higher than the cosmic average at the redshift (a.k.a. the Madau-Lilly plot). Comparisons with numerical simulations suggest that z57OD and z66OD are protoclusters that are progenitors of the present-day clusters with halo masses of ∼1014 M⊙.
Spin angular momentum in planar and cylindrical waveguides induced by transverse confinement and intrinsic helicity of guided light.

In recent years, extraordinary spin angular momenta have been investigated in a variety of structured electromagnetic waves, being of especial interest in sub-wavelength evanescent fields. Here we demonstrate analytically that, in planar and cylindrical waveguides supporting transverse electric/magnetic modes, transverse spin density arises inside the waveguide (different from the spin induced in the evanescent region outside the waveguide), carrying indeed longitudinal extraordinary (so-called) Belinfante's spin momentum. Such contribution depends linearly on the mode transverse wave vector, and is thus induced by mode confinement. Cylindrical waveguides support in addition hybrid modes that exhibit a richer phenomenology with not only azimuthal (confinement-related) spin, but also an intrinsic helicity which leads to longitudinal spin density and transverse helicity-dependent spin momentum. Results are indeed presented for configurations relevant to spin-orbit coupling in nanophotonic waveguides and to manipulating optical forces in IR-to-microwave water-filled channels. Thus guided modes intrinsically carrying confinement-induced transverse spin, combined with intrinsic-helicity-induced longitudinal spin (when hybrid), hold promise of superb devices to control spin-orbit interaction and optical forces within confined geometries throughout the electromagnetic spectra.
Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of children with Bartter syndrome.

INTRODUCTION Bartter syndrome (BS) is a group of autosomal-recessive tubular disorders and it is classified into five genetic subtypes. BS can also be classified by phenotype (antenatal, classic). Patients with mutations in the same gene can present different phenotypes. In the present study, target gene sequencing was performed to evaluate the genotype-phenotype relationship. METHODS Biochemical, clinical and renal ultrasonography results were collected at presentation and the last clinic visit. Genetic analyses were performed. The findings of patients with classical BS (cBS) and antenatal BS (aBS) at presentation and the last visit were compared. RESULTS Our study included 21 patients (12 female, 57.1%) from 20 families with BS. The median age at diagnosis was 8 months and the median follow-up period was 39 months. The most frequent complaint was growth failure. We have found 18 different types of mutations in four genes, including nine in the CLCNKB gene, seven in the SLCA12A1 gene, one in the KCNJ1 gene and one in the BSND gene. In ten patients, nine different types of CLCNKB gene mutations were detected, five of them were novel. Seven different mutations in the SLC12A1 gene were detected in eight patients, five of them were novel. Compared to patients with aBS and cBS, prematurity was significantly higher in the group with aBS. Nephrocalcinosis was present in only one patient with cBS, all the ten hypercalciuric patients with aBS had nephrocalcinosis at the time of diagnosis and the last visit. The mean height standard deviation score (SDS) of patients with aBS were significantly lower than the cBS group at the time of presentation. The mean weight SDS at the time of presentation was worse in patients with aBS than in patients with cBS. The mean plasma potassium and chloride concentrations were significantly lower in the patients with cBS at the time of diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS This investigation revealed the mutation characteristics and phenotype-genotype relationship of our patients and provided valuable data for genetic counseling.
Fast-to-Alfvén Mode Conversion Mediated by Hall Current. II. Application to the Solar Atmosphere

Coupling between fast magnetoacoustic and Alfvén waves can be observed in fully ionized plasmas mediated by stratification and 3D geometrical effects. In Paper I, Cally & Khomenko have shown that in a weakly ionized plasma, such as the solar photosphere and chromosphere, the Hall current introduces a new coupling mechanism. The present study extends the results from Paper I to the case of warm plasma. We report on numerical experiments where mode transformation is studied using quasi-realistic stratification in thermodynamic parameters resembling the solar atmosphere. This redresses the limitation of the cold plasma approximation assumed in Paper I, in particular allowing the complete process of coupling between fast and slow magnetoacoustic modes and subsequent coupling of the fast mode to the Alfvén mode through the Hall current. Our results confirm the efficacy of the mechanism proposed in Paper I for the solar case. We observe that the efficiency of the transformation is a sensitive function of the angle between the wave propagation direction and the magnetic field, and of the wave frequency. The efficiency increases when the field direction and the wave direction are aligned for increasing wave frequencies. After scaling our results to typical solar values, the maximum amplitude of the transformed Alfvén waves, for a frequency of 1 Hz, corresponds to an energy flux (measured above the height of peak Hall coupling) of ∼103 W m−2, based on an amplitude of 500 m s−1 at β = 1, which is sufficient to play a major role in both quiet and active region coronal heating.
The Effects of Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide Conductive Additives on Activated Carbon Supercapacitors

With their relative ease of production and coupled strong surface functionality and electrical conductivity properties, graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) are exciting, yet overlooked, graphene-like additive prospects for activated carbon (AC) electrodes in supercapacitors. In this work, we incorporated small amounts of synthesized GO and rGO in AC electrodes via a simple mixing procedure to explore their effects. In addition to materials characterizations, symmetric supercapacitors were made from these electrodes and tested across current densities ranging from 0.1–10 A g−1 and across 10,000 additional charge-discharge cycles at 2 A g−1. Performance measurements indicate that GO and rGO enhance the rate resistance and capacity, respectively, of AC electrodes, but these effects are modest and do not prevent increases in internal resistance over the course of 10,000 cycles. The overall ineffectuality of GO and rGO is reasoned to be due to their isolation and infrequency as a result of the relatively impotent distribution method used.
Silicon application mitigates abiotic stresses in rice: A review

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the paramount staple crop, providing food to more than 50% people globally. Although, India has attained the apex position in producing rice after China, however, its productivity is still below the world’s average productivity due to several physical abiotic and chemical stress. Silicon (Si) is a multipurpose element that acts as a panacea for multiple stresses. Rice is a heavy accumulator (200–300 kg Si/ha) of Si. Addition of Si prevents movement of heavy metals and salts through cell wall (apoplastic) eventually decreasing their uptake, particularly when rice face iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) toxicity and increase the rice yield by 20.5–72.7%. Studies have revealed that application of Si mitigates arsenic (As) stress in rice by diminishing its uptake and improving the antioxidants activities. Foliar application of Si increases rice production by 30% under As and cadmium (Cd) contamination conditions. Besides, Si reduces transpiration in rice crop by 30% and also eliminates the effect of heat stress (42.5oC). Further, application of Si in rice has been shown to increase culm strength, integrity and stability of vascular bundle thus, preventing crop against lodging. These review results clearly reveal the importance of Si in imparting abiotic stress tolerance and need for its application in rice crop.
Contribution of Microhomology to Genome Instability: Connection between DNA Repair and Replication Stress

Microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ) is a highly mutagenic pathway to repair double-strand breaks (DSBs). MMEJ was thought to be a backup pathway of homologous recombination (HR) and canonical nonhomologous end joining (C-NHEJ). However, it attracts more attention in cancer research due to its special function of microhomology in many different aspects of cancer. In particular, it is initiated with DNA end resection and upregulated in homologous recombination-deficient cancers. In this review, I summarize the following: (1) the recent findings and contributions of MMEJ to genome instability, including phenotypes relevant to MMEJ; (2) the interaction between MMEJ and other DNA repair pathways; (3) the proposed mechanistic model of MMEJ in DNA DSB repair and a new connection with microhomology-mediated break-induced replication (MMBIR); and (4) the potential clinical application by targeting MMEJ based on synthetic lethality for cancer therapy.
An Inductorless Gain-Controllable Wideband LNA Based on CCCIIs

In this paper, an inductorless and gain-controllable 0.5~2.5 GHz wideband low noise amplifier (LNA) based on second generation current controlled current conveyors (CCCIIs) is presented. The proposed wideband LNA utilizes CCCIIs as building blocks to implement the amplifier stage and impedance matching stage. By varying the DC biasing current of the CCCII, the voltage gain of the proposed LNA is controllable in the range of 1~18 dB. In the frequency range of 0.5~2.5 GHz, the post-layout simulation results show that the proposed LNA has a typical voltage gain S21 of 12.6 dB with a gain ripple of ±1.5 dB, an input and output return loss (S11 and S22) of, respectively, −21.4 dB to −16.6 dB and −18.6 dB to −10.6 dB, and a high reverse isolation S12 of −65.2 dB to −39.5 dB. A noise figure of 4.05~4.35 dB is obtained across the whole band, and the input third-order intercept point (IIP3) is −2.5 dBm at 1.5 GHz. Using a 0.18 μm RF CMOS technology, the LNA occupies an active chip area of only 0.096 mm2 with a power consumption of 12.0 mW.
QED coherence in matter

The dominant view of condensed matter physics has traditionally been that of an "electro-static MECCANO" (or erector set). This work represents a systematic attempt to consider the full quantum electrodynamical interaction, thus enriching the possible dynamical mechanisms that operate in the construction of the variety of condensed matter systems, including life itself. A new paradigm is emerging, replacing the "electrostatic MECCANO" with an "electrodynamic NETWORK," which builds condensed matter through the long range (as opposed to the "short range" nature of the usual electrostatic forces) electrodynamical interaction; this interaction creates "coherent configurations" of the elementary systems (atoms and molecules), which oscillate in phase with a coherent macroscopic (and classical) electromagnetic field that through the strong interac-tion with matter, remains trapped inside it.
The study of urban heat island effect in Cyprus using Sentinel-3 data

Heat island effect is usually present in urban areas that experience higher temperatures than rural areas. Materials used for buildings, roads and other infrastructure absorb and re-emit the sun's heat more than green areas and water bodies. This effect results in discomfort to the residents of the affected areas and negatively impacts ecological and energetic variables. The most common way of detecting and analyzing Heat Island Effect using remote sensing is based on the use of evening and night surface satellite images. In this study, the Land-surface temperature (LST) products of the Copernicus Sentinel-3 satellite were used to provide surface temperature from night images and produce heat maps of the urban area of Limassol, Cyprus. The affected areas were examined based on their dependence on green space, building density and population density. The study examined time-series data for the summer period, which is the hottest month of the year in Cyprus. Such information is vital to assist decision and policymakers to adopt effective mitigation strategies and improve urban planning.
Reasons for requesting cone-beam computed tomography in children and adolescents: a 10-year study

Abstract Analysis of the reasons for requesting dental cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in children and adolescents can provide new evidence to guidelines developed specifically to protect patients from potential harmful effects of ionizing radiation. This retrospective study aimed to determine the reasons for requesting dental CBCT in paediatric patients. We included all patients aged <18 years who underwent CBCT between 2011 and 2021 at the Dentomaxillofacial Radiology Department of Dicle University Dental Faculty. Out of 8214 archived records in total, 1619 CBCT request forms of paediatric patients were examined. These forms provided the data on each participant’s age, gender, requesting department, the reason for the request, and year of the request. We evaluated 762 males and 857 females; 0.68% were aged 4–5 years, 27.55% were 6–11 years, and 71.77% were 12–17 years. The requests for CBCT were made by the Orthodontics Department in 61.4% of cases and by the Surgical Department in 25.82% of cases. The most common indication for CBCT (33.42% of cases) was to determine the presence of embedded teeth. We found a significant correlation between the age group and indications (p < 0.05). The age group of children and adolescents for whom CBCT was requested most often was the 12–17 years age group. In conclusion, the most common indication for CBCT was to determine the presence of embedded teeth in orthodontics. The rate of use of CBCT in the diagnosis and treatment of paediatric patients in dentistry has increased in the last decade.
Tracheal Intubation during Advanced Life Support Using Direct Laryngoscopy versus Glidescope® Videolaryngoscopy by Clinicians with Limited Intubation Experience: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The use of the Glidescope® videolaryngoscope might improve tracheal intubation performance in clinicians with limited intubation experience, especially during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to compare direct laryngoscopy to Glidescope® videolaryngoscopy by these clinicians. PubMed/Medline and Embase were searched from their inception to 7 July 2020 for randomized controlled trials, including simulation studies. Studies on adult patients or adult-sized manikins were included when direct laryngoscopy was compared to Glidescope® videolaryngoscopy by clinicians with limited experience in tracheal intubation (<10 intubations per year). The primary outcome was the intubation first-pass success rate. Secondary outcomes were time to successful intubation and chest compression interruption duration during intubation. The risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). We included 4 clinical trials with 525 patients and 20 manikin trials with 2547 intubations. Meta-analyses favored Glidescope® videolaryngoscopy over direct laryngoscopy regarding first-pass success (clinical trials: risk ratio [RR] = 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16–2.23; manikin trials: RR = 1.17; 95% CI: 1.09–1.25). Clinical trials showed a shorter time to achieve successful intubation when using the Glidescope® (mean difference = 17.04 s; 95% CI: 8.51–25.57 s). Chest compression interruption duration was decreased when using the Glidescope® videolaryngoscope. The certainty of evidence ranged from very low to moderate. When clinicians with limited intubation experience have to perform tracheal intubation during advanced life support, the use of the Glidescope® videolaryngoscope improves intubation and CPR performance compared to direct laryngoscopy.