Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
XMM-Newton publication statistics

We assessed the scientific productivity of XMM-Newton by examining XMM-Newton publications and data usage statistics. We analyse 3272 refereed papers, published until the end of 2012, that directly use XMM-Newton data. The SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) was used to provide additional information on each paper including the number of citations. For each paper, the XMM-Newton observation identifiers and instruments used to provide the scientific results were determined. The identifiers were used to access the XMM-Newton Science Archive (XSA) to provide detailed information on the observations themselves and on the original proposals. The information obtained from these sources was then combined to allow the scientific productivity of the mission to be assessed. Since around three years after the launch of XMM-Newton there have been around 300 refereed papers per year that directly use XMM-Newton data. After more than 13 years in operation, this rate shows no evidence that it is decreasing. Since 2002, around 100 scientists per year become lead authors for the first time on a refereed paper which directly uses XMM-Newton data. Each refereed XMM-Newton paper receives around four citations per year in the first few years with a long-term citation rate of three citations per year, more than five years after publication. About half of the articles citing XMM-Newton articles are not primarily X-ray observational papers. The distribution of elapsed time between observations taken under the Guest Observer programme and first article peaks at 2 years with a possible second peak at 3.25 years. Observations taken under the Target of Opportunity programme are published significantly faster, after one year on average. The fraction of science time taken until the end of 2009 that has been used in at least one article is ∼90%. Most observations were used more than once, yielding on average a factor of two in usage on available observing time per year. About 20 % of all slew observations have been used in publications. The scientific productivity of XMM-Newton measured by the publication rate, number of new authors and citation rate, remains extremely high with no evidence that it is decreasing after more than 13 years of operations.
How the US Economy and Environment can Both Benefit From Composting Management

Composting is one of the environmentally friendly ways of reducing organic waste. It is economically viable since it cuts costs associated with the hauling of wastes and enables farmers to reduce the use of fertilizers. Composting operations are relatively non-existent in the solid municipal waste sector, as the market has molded itself and grown into a standard “bury-or-burn” model. As humans are trying to address global warming, composting proves to be a promising climate change mitigation option, benefiting societies in terms of the environment, the economy, and overall health. This study projects that—with the current trends—by the end of 2030, the U.S. can increase the compost to waste ratio by 18% from 10%, reducing carbon emissions by 30 million tons a year while saving around 16 billion USD in municipal waste management costs. Analyzing the existing records in the OECD countries suggests that economic motives are not powerful enough to incentivize the industry/household toward composting. Stricter environmental policies can boost the composting volume by 214-574 thousand tons per year. Imposing waste taxes and penalties can give birth to a vast industry that has not yet flourished while the economic subsidies financed by the collected taxes and penalties can incentivize the private sector to further invest in composting.
Holographic Superconductors in Gauss-Bonnet gravity with Born-Infeld electrodynamics

We investigate the holographic superconductors in Gauss-Bonnet gravity with Born-Infeld electrodynamics. We find that the Gauss-Bonnet constant, the model parameters, and the Born-Infeld coupling parameter will affect the formation of the scalar hair, the transition point of the phase transition from the second order to the first order, and the relation connecting the gap frequency in conductivity with the critical temperature. The combination of Gauss-Bonnet gravity and the Born-Infeld electrodynamics provides richer physics in the phase transition and the condensation of the scalar hair.
ANÁLISE DA PROPOSTA DE UM GUIA PARA PROJETOS EM BIM

A incorporação do conceito Building Information Modeling (BIM) por grande parcela dos profissionais da construção civil amplia a necessidade de integração entre os agentes. As possibilidades que o processo BIM apresenta requerem revisão dos fluxos de trabalho, das ferramentas e das metodologias com relação aos mesmos elementos aplicados aos projetos feitos com base no conceito Computer Aided Design (CAD). Buscando maneiras de colaborar neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar a análise da proposta de um guia prático para auxiliar no desenvolvimento de projetos em BIM focado integralmente no contexto nacional. A pesquisa foi sistematizada pelo Design Science Research (DRS), que se mostrou especialmente apropriado. A validação do artefato foi feita através de um processo participativo, com grupo focal exploratório e um questionário. A aplicabilidade do documento foi aferida por meio de testes funcionais com as principais disciplinas envolvidas no processo de projeto de arquitetura, de estrutura, de instalação hidráulica e elétrica. Foram identificados aspectos positivos durante o processo de validação, possibilitando que, em um segundo momento, fosse possível a utilização do artefato como documento de apoio à contratação. (Mestrado finalizado)
SCIENCE VERSUS INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE? Toward a Dialogical Approach

In November 2019, three academics from Auckland University published an opinion piece in which they examined the relationship between science and mātauranga Māori. They concluded that, ‘Mātauranga Māori…subverts those aspects of science – namely objectivity, universality, and dedication to progress – that can further advance the understanding of nature and help find solutions to the major problems afflicting the planet. ’ Part One of this paper examines the assumptions behind that conclusion and the sources of information used by the authors to construct their argument. It uncovers a fabric of wilful distortion, fabrication, omission, false comparisons and hyperbole. Part Two then addresses one of the major problems currently affecting the planet – the loss of biodiversity – and finds that the above-mentioned authors’ assumptions about science, indigenous knowledge and the planet’s problems are contradicted by the current global scientific consensus.
The Big Data Era of Online Surveys Generator: How can Typeform Win the Game?

Living in the world overwhelmed with data, we intentionally or not generate, send, collect, utilize and analyze a lot of data every day. Data is taking over more and more of our lives, and playing an increasingly important role. This paper starts with a generally big data background to why online survey generators matter, and finally specifically analyzes why Typeform is at the top1 in this field along with illustrations of Differentiated competition and the POCD framework. This paper will show how differentiated competition works in real life and the importance of setting a proper competition strategy.
VARIABLE SELECTION FOR SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES USING THE GBIC OF THE KERNEL LOGISTIC REGRESSION

In this paper we propose a method of variable selection for support vector machines based on the approximate relationship between a support vector machine and kernel logistic regression. First, we derive the generalized Bayesian information criterion (GBIC) of a kernel logistic regression. Then we select variables that minimize the GBIC, and propose to use them for a support vector machine. Finally, we apply the proposed method to identify peptides that could be related to pancreatic cancer.
Injectable Cell-Laden Polysaccharide Hydrogels: In Vivo Evaluation of Cartilage Regeneration

Previously, 5% w/v hyaluronic acid-tyramine (HA-TA) and dextran-tyramine (Dex-TA) enzymatically cross-linked hybrid hydrogels were demonstrated to provide a mechanically stable environment, maintain cell viability, and promote cartilaginous-specific matrix deposition in vitro. In this study, 5% w/v hybrid hydrogels were combined with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), bovine chondrocytes (bCHs), or a combination of both in a 4:1 ratio and subcutaneously implanted in the backs of male and female nude rats to assess the performance of cell-laden hydrogels in tissue formation. Subcutaneous implantation of these biomaterials showed signs of integration of the gels within the host tissue. Histological analysis showed residual fibrotic capsules four weeks after implantation. However, enhanced tissue invasion and some giant cell infiltration were observed in the HA-TA/Dex-TA hydrogels laden with either hMSCs or bCHs but not with the co-culture. Moreover, hMSC-bCH co-cultures showed beneficial interaction with the hydrogels, for instance, in enhanced cell proliferation and matrix deposition. In addition, we provide evidence that host gender has an impact on the performance of bCHs encapsulated in HA-TA/Dex-TA hydrogels. This study revealed that hydrogels laden with different types of cells result in distinct host responses. It can be concluded that 5% w/v hydrogels with a higher concentration of Dex-TA (≥50%) laden with bCH-hMSC co-cultures are adequate for injectable applications and in situ cell delivery in cartilage regeneration approaches.
HPV detection and/or cytological diagnostics

The aim of this review article is to demonstrate the role and importance of the pathologist/cytologist in screening and to emphasise the importance of introducing the state-of-the-art molecular biology methods into the screening programme, in addition to providing an overview of the screening methods. Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, World Health Organization Director-General, announced a global call for action to eliminate cervical cancer and made it a public health priority in 2018. Cervical screening tests can detect precancerous lesions of the cervix in apparently healthy, asymptomatic women. Many institutions still use the conventional or Pap test, while many others have started using the modern test i.e. liquid-based cytology, which significantly reduces the pre-analytical phase errors. To date, studies comparing the two techniques have not provided consistent evidence that liquid-based cytology offers significant improvements in sensitivity or specificity, so both are considered acceptable. With the discovery of the etiological link between the HPV virus and cervical cancer in 1983, new methods were developed for cervical cancer screening by designing tests aimed at identifying the virus/infection rather than at the onset of the disease and detecting altered cells. The application of the HPV test as the first line of the screening programme is becoming routine. The advantages of applying the molecular technique are that it has a high predictive value, high reproducibility and high throughput. In the Republic of Serbia, the screening programme has been implemented by the National Decree since 2013, as an organised, decentralised programme and has its own difficulties in terms of personnel, financial and organisational deficiencies. The HPV primary screening would enable those difficulties to be overcome to a considerable degree, especially if liquid-based cytology were to be implemented and digital pathology introduced along with HPV screening. All of this, however, has one prerequisite, which is centralisation. Looking at the situation also from the aspect of introducing vaccines against the HPV virus, I believe that we are on the right track to control cervical cancers, and to eradicate them in the not so distant future.
Design and construction of multi-dimensional optical lattices for 87 Rb Bose-Einstein condensates

In recent years, ultracold atomic gases have been used as tools to study strongly-correlated systems reminiscent of interesting systems from solid-state physics. At temperatures just above absolute zero, particles with integer quantum spin (“bosons”) begin to congregate in the ground state of the trapping potential. As the temperature of the system falls below a critical temperature TC (in this experiment near 200 nK) it undergoes a phase transition called Bose-Einstein condensation. A Bose-Einstein condensate is often described as a macroscopic quantum body, and with its phase coherence (analogous to an “atom laser”) it can be used to simulate solid-state systems in a periodic potential called an optical lattice, which resembles that experienced by electrons in the periodic Coulomb potential of a solid-state crystal lattice. These optical lattices are formed by the interference pattern of multiple laser beams and the associated spatially-dependent Stark shift, resulting in a periodic trapping potential for the BEC. The lattice analogs of simple atomic structures have been widely studied. In this thesis, we study the possibility of loading a BEC into multi-dimensional optical lattices. The crystallography of four-beam three-dimensional optical lattices is investigated, and an apparatus is constructed to produce twoto four-beam lattice geometries. We study the structure of the lattice through the technique of Kapitza-Dirac scattering.
Emergence and non-emergence for system safety

Abstract Emergence has been proposed as an important construct for research on the safety of sociotechnical systems. There is, however, some dissension about the fundamental nature of emergence. Furthermore, there is little clarity on how this construct might be used within safety research to guide analysis or design of sociotechnical systems. Emergence has proven to be a challenging construct to pin down in disciplines such as philosophy and computer science. Most troubling is that the distinction between emergent and non-emergent phenomena remains unclear. Here we offer a pragmatic view by outlining models of different types of emergence. We subsequently argue that one type, functional–semantic emergence, bears on a crucial distinction between Safety I and Safety II as discussed within system safety research. We conclude that safety of sociotechnical systems can be enhanced by integrating retroactive control of non-emergent phenomena with proactive control of emergent phenomena where retroactive control is achieved through use of rules and procedures and proactive control is achieved through attention to subtle information and use of recognition-primed decisions. Practitioner Summary Emergence has recently been invoked as an important construct in the systems safety literature. There is, nevertheless, some dissension in that literature regarding the nature of emergence and there is little explanation of how it can inform an approach to system safety. Here we contrast different models of emergence as a means of clarifying the nature of emergence and non-emergence. From there, we argue that the contrast between emergence and non-emergence can inform the contrast between Safety I and Safety II approaches to system safety.
Time-restricted feeding is an intervention against excessive dark-phase sleepiness induced by obesogenic diet

ABSTRACT High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity is a growing epidemic and major health concern. While excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is a common symptom of HFD-induced obesity, preliminary findings suggest that reduced wakefulness could be improved with time-restricted feeding (TRF). At present, however, the underlying neural mechanisms remain largely unknown. The paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PVT) plays a role in maintaining wakefulness. We found that chronic HFD impaired the activity of PVT neurons. Notably, inactivation of the PVT was sufficient to reduce and fragment wakefulness during the active phase in lean mice, similar to the sleep–wake alterations observed in obese mice with HFD-induced obesity. On the other hand, enhancing PVT neuronal activity consolidated wakefulness in mice with HFD-induced obesity. We observed that the fragmented wakefulness could be eliminated and reversed by TRF. Furthermore, TRF prevented the HFD-induced disruptions on synaptic transmission in the PVT, in a feeding duration-dependent manner. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that ad libitum access to a HFD results in inactivation of the PVT, which is critical to impaired nocturnal wakefulness and increased sleep, while TRF can prevent and reverse diet-induced PVT dysfunction and excessive sleepiness. We establish a link between TRF and neural activity, through which TRF can potentially serve as a lifestyle intervention against diet/obesity-related EDS.
Detection of Periodicity and Aperiodicity in Speech Signal Based on Temporal Information

In this paper, we discuss a direct measure for the proportion of periodic and aperiodic components in speech signals. Further, in the periodic regions, we estimate the pitch period. This method is particularly useful in situations where the speech signal contains simultaneous periodic and aperiodic energy, as in the case of breathy vowels and some voiced obstruents. The performance of this algorithm was evaluated on three different natural speech databases that have simultaneously recorded EGG data. The results show excellent agreement between the periodic/aperiodic decisions made by the algorithm presented here and the estimates obtained from the EGG data. To evaluate the efficiency of this algorithm in predicting pitch, reference pitch values were obtained from the EGG data using a simple peak-picking based algorithm. The gross error rate in pitch prediction was 6.1% for male subjects and 12.5% for female subjects.
Identification of a miRSNP Regulatory Axis in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm by a Network and Pathway-Based Integrative Analysis

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) refers to local abnormal expansion of the abdominal aorta and mostly occurs in elderly men. MicroRNA (miRNA) is single-stranded RNA consisting of 18–25 nucleotides. It plays a key role in posttranscriptional gene expression and in the regulation of human functions and disease development. miRNA exerts its function mainly through the binding of complementary base pairs to the 3′ regulatory region of mRNA transcripts. Therefore, miRNA-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms (miRSNPs) can affect miRNA expression and processing kinetics. miRSNPs can be classified based on their location: miRSNPs within miRNA-producing genes and miRSNPs within miRNA target genes. Increasing evidence indicates that miRSNPs play an important role in the pathogenic kinetics of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to identify potential miRNAs and integrate them into a miRSNP-based disease-related pathway network, the results of which are of great significance to the interpretation of the potential mechanisms and functions of miRSNPs in the pathogenesis of diseases.
Theoretical analysis of fluid flow and energy transport in hydrothermal systems

A mathematical derivation for fluid flow and energy transport in hydrothermal systems is presented. Specifically, the mathematical model describes the three-dimensional flow of both singleand two-phase, single-component water and the transport of heat in porous media. The derivation begins with the point balance equations for mass, momentum, and energy. These equations are then averaged over a finite volume to obtain the macroscopic balance equations for a porous medium. The macroscopic equations are combined by appropriate constitutive relationships to form two simplified partial differential equations posed in terms of fluid pressure and enthalpy. A two-dimensional formulation of the simplified equations is also derived by partial integration in the vertical dimension.
Galactic mapping with general relativity and the observed rotation curves

Typically, stars in galaxies have higher velocities than predicted by Newtonian gravity in conjunction with observable galactic matter. To account for the phenomenon, some researchers modified Newtonian gravitation; others introduced dark matter in the context of Newtonian gravity. We employed general relativity successfully to describe the galactic velocity profiles of four galaxies: NGC 2403, NGC 2903, NGC 5055 and the Milky Way. Here we map the density contours of the galaxies, achieving good concordance with observational data. In our Solar neighbourhood, we found a mass density and density fall-off fitting observational data satisfactorily. From our GR results, using the threshold density related to the observed optical zone of a galaxy, we had found that the Milky Way was indicated to be considerably larger than had been believed to be the case. To our knowledge, this was the only such existing theoretical prediction ever presented. Very recent observational results by Xu et al. have confirmed our prediction. As in our previous studies, galactic masses are consistently seen to be higher than the baryonic mass determined from observations but still notably lower than those deduced from the approaches relying upon dark matter in a Newtonian context. In this work, we calculate the non-luminous fraction of matter for our sample of galaxies that is derived from applying general relativity to the dynamics of the galaxies. The evidence points to general relativity playing a key role in the explanation of the stars' high velocities in galaxies. Mapping galactic density contours directly from the dynamics opens a new window for predicting galactic structure.
Spherically-symmetric solutions in general relativity

We present a tetrad-based method for solving the Einstein field equations for spherically-symmetric systems and compare it with the widely-used Lemaitre-Tolman-Bondi (LTB) model. In particular, we focus on the issues of gauge ambiguity and the use of comoving versus 'physical' coordinate systems. We also clarify the correspondences between the two approaches, and illustrate their differences by applying them to the classic examples of the Schwarzschild and Friedmann-Robertson-Walker spacetimes. We demonstrate that the tetrad-based method does not suffer from the gauge freedoms inherent to the LTB model, naturally accommodates non-zero pressure and has a more transparent physical interpretation. We further apply our tetrad-based method to a generalised form of 'Swiss cheese' model, which consists of an interior spherical region surrounded by a spherical shell of vacuum that is embedded in an exterior background universe. In general, we allow the fluid in the interior and exterior regions to support pressure, and do not demand that the interior region be compensated. We pay particular attention to the form of the solution in the intervening vacuum region and verify the validity of Birkhoff's theorem at both the metric and tetrad level. We then reconsider critically the original theoretical arguments underlying the so-called $R_h = ct$ cosmological model, which has recently received considerable attention. These considerations in turn illustrate the interesting behaviour of a number of 'horizons' in general cosmological models.