Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MIT Open Access Articles Approximate polymorphisms

For a function 𝑔 : { 0 , 1 } 𝑚 → { 0 , 1 } , a function 𝑓 : { 0 , 1 } 𝑛 → { 0 , 1 } is called a 𝑔 -polymorphism if their actions commute. The function 𝑓 is called an approximate 𝑔 -polymorphism if this equality holds with probability close to 1 , when 𝑍 is sampled uniformly. A pair of functions 𝑓 0 , 𝑓 1 : { 0 , 1 } 𝑛 → { 0 , 1 } are called a skew 𝑔 -polymorphism if 𝑓 0 ( 𝑔 ( row 1 ( 𝑍 )) , . ,𝑔 ( row 𝑛 ( 𝑍 ))) = 𝑔 ( 𝑓 1 ( col 1 ( 𝑍 )) , . , 𝑓 1 ( col 𝑚 ( 𝑍 ))) for all 𝑍 ∈ { 0 , 1 } 𝑛 × 𝑚 . We study the structure of exact polymorphisms as well as approximate polymorphisms. Our results include a proof that an approximate polymorphism 𝑓 must be close to an exact skew polymorphism, and a characterization of exact skew polymorphisms, which shows that besides trivial cases, only the functions AND, XOR, OR, NAND, NOR, XNOR admit non-trivial exact skew polymorphisms. Wealsostudy the approximate polymorphism problem in the list-decoding regime (i.e., when the probability equality holds is not close to 1 , but is bounded away from some value). We show that if 𝑓 ( 𝑥 ∧ 𝑦 ) = 𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) ∧ 𝑓 ( 𝑦 ) with probability larger than 𝑠 ∧ ≈ 0 . 815 then 𝑓 correlates with some junta, and 𝑠 ∧ is the optimal threshold for this property. Our result generalize the classical linearity testing result of Blum, Luby and Rubinfeld, that in this language showed that the approximate polymorphisms of 𝑔 = XOR are close to XOR’s, as well as a recent result of Filmus, Lifshitz, Minzer and Mossel, showing that the approximate polymorphisms of AND can only be close to AND functions.
BIODIVERSITYRESEARCH Host promiscuity in symbiont associations can inﬂuence exotic legume establishment and colonization of novel ranges

Aim Invasive Acacia species have negatively impacted natural areas in multiple regions around the globe. Almost 400 Acacia species have been introduced outside their native ranges in Australia; approximately 6% have become invasive, 12% are naturalized, and 82% have no record of naturalization or invasion. This variation in invasiveness provides a comparative framework in which to examine mechanisms that either promote or constrain establishment and colonization of species in novel regions. Here, we experimentally examine the role that the legume – rhizobia symbiosis plays in the differential invasiveness of acacias introduced outside their native Australian ranges.
ambient is associated with increased exhaled nitric oxide in children with asthma.

B ACKGROUND : Research has shown associations between pediatric asthma outcomes and airborne particulate matter (PM). The importance of particle components remains to be determined. M ETHODS : We followed a panel of 45 schoolchildren with persistent asthma living in Southern California. Subjects were monitored over 10 days with offline fractional exhaled nitric oxide (F E NO ), a biomarker of airway inﬂammation. Personal active sampler exposures included continu- ous particulate matter < 2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM 2.5 ), 24-hr PM 2.5 elemental and organic carbon (EC, OC), and 24-hr nitrogen dioxide. Ambient exposures included PM 2.5 , PM 2.5 EC and OC, and NO 2 . Data were analyzed with mixed models controlling for personal temperature, humidity and 10-day period. R ESULTS : The strongest positive associations were between F E NO and 2-day average pollutant con- centrations. Per interquartile range pollutant increase, these were: for 24 µg/m 3 personal PM 2.5 , 1.1 ppb F E NO [95% conﬁdence interval (CI), 0.1–1.9]; for 0.6 µg/m 3 personal EC, 0.7 ppb F E NO (95% CI, 0.3–1.1); for 17 ppb personal NO 2 , 1.6 ppb F E NO (95% CI, 0.4–2.8). Larger associations were found for ambient EC and smaller associations for ambient NO 2 . Ambient PM 2.5 and personal and ambient OC were significant only in subjects taking inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) alone. Subjects taking both ICS and antileukotrienes showed no significant associations. Distributed lag models showed personal PM 2.5 in the preceding 5 hr was associated with F E NO . In two-pollutant models, the most robust associations were for personal and ambient EC and NO 2 , and for personal but not ambient PM 2.5 . C ONCLUSION : PM associations with airway inflammation in asthmatics may be missed using ambient particle mass, which may not sufﬁciently represent causal pollutant components from fossil fuel combustion.
Pan-European Forest/Non-Forest Mapping Based on Landsat Data

INTRODUCTION Information of the spatial distribution of the entire European forest is needed for several forest–related applications, e.g. forest protection, conservation planning, and forest resource analysis. Up to date there are several efforts of mapping European forests at different, from regional to continental scales; while the regional products may be accurate and of high resolution, the remaining problem is that they vary in level of detail, use diverse sources of information, and are based on different forest definitions. Therefore, their use for international comparison for various scientific, policy and reporting purposes is complex. In order to derive spatially detailed forest maps at continental scales, earth-observation data are currently the most obvious solution due to their consistency over large areas, growing computing power and relative low processing costs (Franklin and Wulder 2002; Wulder et al. 2003). For Europe, forest mapping has been tested with the low resolution (1 km) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data (Hame et al. 2001) and the 180 m Wide Field Sensor (WiFS) data (GAF 2001). However, in order to fulfil the requirements for studies where the level of spatial detail is important, such as forest spatial patterns, imagery with a spatial resolution of better than 50 m needs to be used. One of the most common sources for this kind of data is the Landsat Thematic Mapper series of instruments.
Control System interaction in the VSC-HVDC Grid Connected Offshore Wind Power Plant

SUMMARY Conventional offshore wind power plants (OWPPs) are due to the combination of the extensive sub-marine cabling and possible low available short-circuit power at the point of common connection (PCC) susceptible to the harmonic instability phenomena. The instability is caused by the resonances in the electrical system which is generally located within the wind turbine generator (WTG) controller bandwidth. Some of the negative impact of the existence of harmonic instability include (but not limited to) accelerated component ageing due to increased thermal stresses and loss of power production before the source of the instability has been identified and mitigation methods have been designed and implemented. This procedure is not straightforward and can have a long lead time. The harmonic instability can have severe economic consequences for the OWPP owner due to the large investment. Harmonic stability or converter interaction studies have therefore become an important part of the system design studies of a high voltage alternating current (HVAC) grid connected OWPP. The voltage sourced converter high voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC) has become a preferred choice for grid connection of remotely located OWPPs. As for the HVAC grid connected OWPPs, there is a need to conduct harmonic stability studies in the design phase of an HVDC grid connected OWPP. As the offshore electrical environment is significantly altered compared to the offshore network in an HVAC connected OWPP, there is a need to define the procedure of the stability study and its application for the HVDC grid connected OWPPs. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the harmonic instability phenomena in HVDC grid connected OWPPs using both frequency and time domain simulations. A good correlation at lower frequencies between the two domains is observed. However, the frequency domain is insufficient at higher frequencies (i.e. in the vicinity of the switching frequency). A combination of the two techniques is thus recommended in the OWPP design phase. Successful application of active filtering to supress possible instabilities is illustrated. Harmonics, harmonic stability, offshore wind power plant (OWPP), voltage-source converter (VSC), high voltage direct current (HVDC).
(2015). Smoothing tautologies, hidden dynamics, and sigmoid asymptotics for piecewise smooth systems. Chaos , (10),

Switches in real systems take many forms, such as impacts, electronic relays, mitosis, and the implementation of decisions or control strategies. To understand what is lost, and what can be retained, when we model a switch as an instantaneous event, requires a consideration of so-called hidden terms. These are asymptotically vanishing outside the switch, but can be encoded in the form of nonlinear switching terms. A general expression for the switch can be developed in the form of a series of sigmoid functions. We review the key steps in extending Filippov’s method of sliding modes to such systems. We show how even slight nonlinear eﬀects can hugely alter the behaviour of an electronic control circuit, and lead to ‘hidden’ attractors inside the switching surface. There are increasingly powerful methods to study the dynamical eﬀects of switches in otherwise smoothly evolving dynamical systems, whether a phase transition, a trade or policy decision, an electrical relay, a mechanical actuator or a biochemical valve. This paper is an attempt to highlight and deal with certain ambiguities of non-uniqueness of piecewise smooth systems like these. Attempts are often made to show the robustness and gen-erality of discontinuous models by smoothing or regulariz-ing a discontinuity, a process that is somewhat tautolog-ical because, as we show, entirely diﬀerent dynamics can be obtained with diﬀerent choices of regularization. For-tunately this can be resolved using nonlinear switching terms, and we introduce a general method by developing sigmoid series expressions for discontinuous vector ﬁelds. We apply these ideas to a model of an elementary electronic control circuit, and give an example of how novel attractors may arise inside the switching surface.
Influence of Foliar Applications with Microelements on Vegetative Growth and Productivity of Jojoba Shrubs

: The present investigation was carried out on two genotypes (G1 and G2) of female Jojoba shrubs in a private orchard at Cairo/Alexandria desert road, Giza Governorate, Egypt, planted at 4×2 meter a part in sandy soil under drip irrigation system, to study the influence of foliar application with microelements on vegetative growth and productivity of jojoba shrubs during 2018 and 2019 seasons. Thirteen treatments were applied, control (tap water) and tow concentrations (100 and 200 ppm) of boron, copper, iron, manganese, zinc and combination of previous elements all together. All treatments were sprayed two times, the first was applied a month before start of flowering and the second at the time of fruit set. Results showed that, all foliar applications of the microelements improved all the studied characteristics compared with control. The best results in (shoot length, fruit density, seed yield and weight) were achieved from the foliar application of the high concentration of manganese (200 ppm) for both studied genotypes. Whereas, the foliar application of boron with the low concentration (100 ppm) affected positively on leaf area and seed oil content. So, we can recommend to use the manganese (200 ppm) and boron (100 ppm) to increase seed yield and oil content of jojoba shrubs under the same experiment conditions.
Factors Impacting Mobile Technology Acceptance In Higher Education Faculty

Integration of mobile technologies within the educational system presents significant opportunities for improving education efficiency and accessibility. Numerous studies have considered student mobile technology acceptance, however limited research considers teacher/faculty acceptance. In order to understand higher education faculty mobile technology acceptance, this paper aims to, in context of mobile technology, validate the Sánchez-Prieto, Olmos-Migueláñez, & García-Peñalvo technology acceptance model(TAM); an education-focused TAM specifically designed to target faculty acceptance. TAM of Sánchez-Prieto et al. (2016) was validated using questionnaire as an instrument to collect data from the respondents. A total of 300 responses from faculty members of 2 public and 2 private sector universities were gathered. There were 35 questions in total, 6 relating to capturing participant demographic factors, and 29 questions relating to Sánchez-Prieto et al. (2016) constructs. The research findings show that the intention of faculty to use mobile technologies, i.e. within the classroom for educational purposes, increases if they perceive the mobile device to be easy and convenient to use. In conflict to Sánchez-Prieto et al. (2016) model, anxiety, perceived enjoyment, and facilitating conditions were found not to significant influence mobile technology use. Subjective norms, although influencing behaviour did not impact perception of usefulness. Finally, teachers with a lower resistance to change are more likely to perceive mobile technologies as useful and/or more likely to use mobile technologies within the teaching environment. The aim of this paper is to validate the Sánchez-Prieto et al. extended m-learning TAM and highlight whether or not the following proposed hypotheses hold.
IMPLICATIONS AND MAJOR INDUSTRYAPPLICATIONS OF AUGMENTED REALITY AND VIRTUAL REALITY

:Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) can be taken into account 2 sides of a similar coin. They each function to expand the sensorial setting of a particular through fixing reality via modern-day technology. The past depends on alternate settings to experience, while the final boosts existing facets together with extra coatings of meaning. Recently, these contemporary technologies have been thriving. Depending on the Augmented/Virtual Reality File 2017, the VR/AR market must reach out to $108 billion profits by 2021, while a summary using Goldman Sachs (2016) proposes a company of $80 billion in 2025. Development along with next-generation modern technologies have entirely tweaked the method our teamwork, stay and also probably likewise the strategy our staff thinks. AI, Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VIRTUAL REALITY), and also Blockchain is merely a number of the technologies that have affected merely exactly how our provider eat craft, songs, movie, along with exactly how our staff match, shop, in addition to taking a trip. Our pros stay at the center of a total electronic improvement. This paper provides implications and major industry applications of augmented reality and virtual reality.
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy with Hippocampus Sclerosis: Prevalence, Temporal Lobe Epilepsy with Hippocampus Sclerosis: Prevalence, Etiology, And Treatment Options with Herbal Medicines Etiology, And Treatment Options with Herbal Medicines

Background and objectives: Epilepsy is a neurological disorder in which the patient suffers with two or more unprovoked seizures. It is one of the most common neurological disorders worldwide, affecting more than 70 million people. Currently various modes of effective treatments are available, but still there are many cases that remain drug resistant. Hence, there is a need to explore herbal medications for the treatment of drug resistant epilepsy.
Smith ScholarWorks Smith ScholarWorks

: Research seeking to explain the ecological role of polyphenolics (phlorotannins) in plants and brown algae has largely focused on 2 alternative concepts, the carbonhutrient (Cm) balance and the inducible defense models. We tested the hierarchy of effects of both models on phlorotannin production in the brown alga Fucus veslculosus (Fucales) by simultaneously manipulating the N environment and simulating herbivory for 2 oceanic (high and low intertidal) and estuarine populations. We measured phlorotannin levels in algae under control, grazed, N-enriched, and grazed + N-enriched treatments with time (0 to 14 d) throughout the year to determine onset and duration of the response. We found greater support for the inducible defense model; generally, both grazed and grazed + N-enriched fronds had significantly higher phlorotannin concentrations than control thalli. When we found an inducible response, it was rapid (within 3 d) and relatively long term (>2 wk). However, the induced response was minimal for both oceanic populations during March, perhaps due to fixed-C limitation, and was absent for the estuarine and high intertidal populations during June, the period of peak phlorotannins at both sites. Although Nenrichment resulted in depressed concentrations of phlorotan-nins only for the estuarine population, we did measure a significant negative correlation between tissue N and phenolics for the oceanic population, as predicted by the C/N balance model. Thus, while the induc~ble defense response takes preeminence over resource availability effects (C/N balance hypothesis), this study revealed that phlorotannin production is likely controlled by a complex interaction of environmental, developmental and defense-related factors, emphasizing the
Geographic Information Science

In the last decade, Geographic Information Science has emerged as a focus of considerable academic attention. To some extent, it is the Earth’s New Science, just as Cognitive Science was the Mind’s New Science a decade or two earlier (Gardner, 1985). But it is not clear how deep or lasting the impact of GI Science will be, either on academia or on the GIS industry. Rather than following the success of Cognitive Science, GI Science could just as easily be the next Regional Science, a similar fusion of disciplines that peaked early and continues today mainly as an internally successful multidisciplinary field of relatively low influence on science, technology, or society. Worse yet, Geographic Information Science could largely be just a pretentious name for Geographic Information Systems, and not really a scientific or intellectual field at all. This paper seeks to explore these issues, and to lay out the intellectual scope of Geographic Information Science.
Intergenerational Health Mobility: Magnitudes and Importance of Schools and Place

This paper broadens the literature on intergenerational persistence of socioeconomic status to consider individual, family, and spatial variation in intergenerational health mobility in the United States. Using a school-based representative panel (Add Health), we report overall health persistence of 0.17 with higher mobility in Hispanic families. We find large variation by place; intergenerational health persistence estimates range between 0 and 0.5, with similarly large ranges for absolute upward and downward health mobility. School- and contextual-level correlates indicate local race/ethnicity composition, proportion of single parents, and average mother's education may be related to observed variation in intergenerational health mobility.
SALINITY CHANGE AND INFLUENCING FACTOR IN THE LAIZHOU BAY FROM 2000 TO 2005

The influence of Huanghe (Yellow) River discharge on the distribution of salinity in the Laizhou Bay is dis- cussed in this paper, based on the data of cruise observation in the bay in Aug. 2000, Aug. 2002, Sep. 2004, May. 2005, Jul. 2005, and Sep. 2005. It is found that the average salinity after 2003 is obviously lower than that before 2003, and the av- erage salinity changes seasonally with the changes of the river discharge. A box model is established to simulate the changes in the salinity of the bay considering the river discharge, precipitation, evaporation, and the water exchange be- tween the bay and the open sea. It is concluded that the Huanghe River discharge determines not only the annual change of the average salinity, but also the monthly ones in the bay.
Economics of Pesticide Use and Future Prospects: The Opportunities and Constraints in Ethiopia

: Pesticides are important agricultural inputs in crop production processes worldwide. Developing countries are often handicapped by the lack of trained personnel, facilities and funds to get rid of obsolete pesticides. Pesticidecontrolmethods regardless of their intrinsic hazard, are used in the agricultural sector of Ethiopia. Compared to developing countries, the use of pesticides in Ethiopian agriculture is low and most of the pesticides are used in large-scale farming, especially in cotton and sesame production and some in horticultural crops. The majority of small-scale farmers are not using pesticides. However, some farmers use herbicides like 2, 4-D for weed control in cereal crops and pesticides against migratory locusts, armyworms and birds are used during outbreaks. The major problem associated with pesticides is their disposal. Pesticide use is very limited in smallholder agriculture and therefore pest management and related research in food crops should rely on an integrated pest management (IPM) approach and Bio-pesticides. Hence, the knowledge of pesticide use’s possible hazards to the ecosystem should be improved, pest management systems that integrate all possible control measures should be developed and the implementation of pesticide regulations be strengthened.
Remission in schizophrenia: validity, frequency, predictors, and patients' perspective 5 years later

In March 2005, the Remission in Schizophrenia Working Group (RSWG) proposed a consensus definition of symptomatic remission in schizophrenia and developed specific operational criteria for its assessment. They pointed out, however, that the validity and the relationship to other outcome dimensions required further examination. This article reviews studies on the validity, frequency, and predictors of symptomatic remission in schizophrenia and studies on patients' perspectives. These studies have demonstrated that the RSWG remission criteria appear achievable and sustainable for a significant proportion of patients, and are related to a better overall symptomatic status and functional outcome and, to a less clear extent, to a better quality of life and cognitive performance. However, achieving symptomatic remission is not automatically concurrent with an adequate status in other outcome dimensions. The results of the present review suggest that the RSWG remission criteria are valid and useful. As such, they should be consistently applied in clinical trials. However, the lack of consensus definitions of functional remission and adequate quality of life hampers research on their predictive validity on these outcome dimensions. Future research should therefore search for criteria of these dimensions and test whether the RSWG remission criteria consistently predict a “good” outcome with respect to functioning and quality of life.