Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Biodistribution of 11C-GW7845, a Positron-Emitting Agonist for Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor-γ

UNLABELLED The goal of this study was to synthesize and evaluate in vivo the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist (11)C-GW7845 ((S)-2-(1-carboxy-2-{4-[2-(5-methyl-2-phenyloxazol-4-yl)ethoxy]phenyl}ethylamino)benzoic acid methyl ester) ((11)C-compound 1). PPARgamma is a member of a family of nuclear receptors that plays a central role in the control of lipid and glucose metabolism. Compound 1 is an analog of tyrosine (inhibitor constant, 3.7 nmol/L), which is an inhibitor of experimental mammary carcinogenesis. METHODS Protection of the carboxylic acid moiety of compound 1 was effected by treatment with N,N-dimethylformamide di-tert-butyl acetal to provide compound 2. Hydrolysis of the carbomethoxy group of compound 2 provided the benzoic acid (compound 3) that served as an immediate precursor to radiolabeling. Compound 3 underwent treatment with (11)C-methyl iodide followed by high-performance liquid chromatography to produce a radioactive peak sample that coeluted with a standard sample of compound 1. Analysis of biodistribution was undertaken by injecting male CD-1 mice via the tail vein with 6.03 MBq (163 microCi, 2.55 microg/kg) of (11)C-compound 1. To determine the tumor uptake of the radiotracer, 6 female SCID mice bearing MCF-7 xenografts were injected via the tail vein with 10.5 MBq (283 microCi, 0.235 microg/kg) of (11)C-compound 1. RESULTS (11)C-Compound 1 was synthesized at an 8% radiochemical yield in 29 min with an average specific radioactivity of 1,222 GBq/micromol (33,024 mCi/micromol; n = 6) at the end of synthesis. Spleen (target)-to-muscle uptake and tumor-to-muscle uptake ratios were 3.1 and 1.5, respectively, but this uptake could not be blocked with unlabeled compound 1 at 2 mg/kg. CONCLUSION Further structural modification, perhaps to generate a less lipophilic tyrosine analog, will be necessary to enable receptor-mediated PPARgamma imaging by this class of agents.
A COMPLEMENT THEOREM IN THE UNIVERSAL

A. Chigogidze has shown that two Z-sets in the universal Menger compactum of dimension k + 1 have the same fc-shape if and only if their complements are homeomorphic. We show that this result holds for weak Zsets. The class of weak Z-sets, defined herein and analogous to the weak Z-sets in Q , contains but is larger than the class of Z-sets. We give some examples of weak Z-sets in the universal Menger compactum and in Q that are not Z-sets.
Catalyst hydrothermal deactivation and metal contamination during the in situ catalytic pyrolysis of biomass

Lignocellulosic biomass contains small amounts of alkali and alkaline earth metals, which may volatilize during the in situ catalytic pyrolysis of biomass and deposit on the catalyst, affecting its properties. In addition, due to the presence of steam in the process and exposure of the catalyst to high temperatures, hydrothermal deactivation also plays a key role to the catalyst's life span. In this work we studied the effect of hydrothermal deactivation and deactivation by metal contamination of commercial ZSM-5 zeolite based catalyst formulations using two techniques. In the first technique, biomass metal nitrates were spray impregnated on the catalyst at different levels, followed by hydrothermal deactivation of the samples and characterization. In the second technique, hydrothermal deactivation and metal contamination were decoupled by using a hydrothermally stable ZSM-5 sample as a parent material for the preparation of catalyst samples that were exposed to different biomass amounts by carrying out biomass catalytic pyrolysis reaction–regeneration cycles in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor. During spray impregnation, the different metals accumulated on the catalyst at the same rate and increasing metal loading resulted in gradual loss of the surface area and pore volume of the catalyst, eventually leading to complete destruction of the zeolite after a certain threshold. During catalytic pyrolysis however, the biomass metals accumulated at different rates. Potassium accumulated very selectively on the catalyst, while sodium and calcium were less selective. Accumulation of magnesium and iron was not found to increase with increasing exposure to biomass. Cross section examination of the catalyst particles revealed that potassium was deposited evenly throughout the particles, while magnesium and calcium were only detected on the outer surface. Evaluation of the catalyst in pyrolysis tests showed that the presence of biomass metals on the catalyst altered the catalyst's functionality, likely by introduction of some basic sites, which led to the deterioration of its catalytic performance.
OP-NCON200015 1..13

It has been theorized that cortical feed-forward and recurrent neural activity support unconscious and conscious cognitive processes, respectively. Here we causally tested this proposition by applying event-related transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) at early and late times relative to visual stimuli, together with a pulse designed to suppress conscious detection. Consistent with pre-registered hypotheses, early TMS affected residual, reportedly ‘unseen’ capacity. However, conscious perception also appeared critically dependent upon feed-forward processing to a greater extent than the later recurrent phase. Additional exploratory analyses suggested that these early effects dissociated from top-down criterion measures, which were most affected by later TMS. These findings are inconsistent with a simple dichotomy where feed-forward and recurrent processes correspond to unconscious and conscious mechanisms. Instead, different components of awareness may correspond to different phases of cortical dynamics in which initial processing is broadly perceptual whereas later recurrent processing might relate to decision to report.
Co-Infection of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Virus: An Epidemiological and Demographic Profile

Hepatitis B and C are one of the major reasons of mortality among the patients of chronic liver disorders. According to WHO, >500 million people are infected worldwide with either hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV), out of which, 1 million deaths occur every year. Due to a shared parenteral route of transmission, the HBV and HCV coinfection a common phenomenon. The association between HBV and HCV in coinfected individuals is multifaceted, and viral interference has been well described. It is generally observed that HBV replication is inhibited by HCV in the case of dual infection. The patients suffering from HBVHCV co-infection have more severe liver pathophysiology as compared to mono-infection of either of these viruses. These patients have higher chances of developing liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, a thorough serological and virological examination is required before the onset of antiviral therapy. The age, gender and regional distribution of patients have a great impact on acquiring the disorder. Males have more chances of acquiring HBV and HCV infection than females. People residing in rural areas are more vulnerable to the infections than urban people. Both the infections have been found common among the patients of more than 40 years of age. Further, PWID (persons who inject drugs) are always at higher risk of HCV infections due to the usage of shared syringes. Current review focuses on the historical, epidemiological and demographic profile of HCV and HBV infections.
CMAR_A_273718 12965..12974

*These authors contributed equally to this work Background: Tumor-derived exosomes are messengers that participate in tumor progression. Fibroblasts are associated with the metastasis of cancer depending on their cellular plasticity. We hypothesize that tumor-derived exosomes endow the fibroblasts in tumor microenvironment with invasive phenotype to the benefit of tumor metastasis. Materials and Methods: Exosomes derived from B16-F10 cells were identified by nanoparticle tracking analyzer (NTA), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Western blot (WB), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Cell invasion and migration assays were performed using the xCELLigence real-time cell analyzer (RTCA). Role of tumor-derived exosomal miR-21 in cell invasion was determined by qPCR. Results: The invasion analysis showed that exosome-treated fibroblast cells had greater invasive capability as compared to untreated fibroblast cells, with the higher expressions of MMP2 and MMP9. miR-21 is at least partially responsible for this effect. After ingestion of melanoma-derived exosomes during incubation, mouse embryonic fibroblasts cells emerged cellular invasiveness with the presentation of a marked increase in miR-21 expression. MiR21 promoted invasion of fibroblasts by down-regulation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3) expression and increasing of matrix metalloprotein (MMP) expression in fibroblast cells via melanoma-derived exosomes in a time-dependent manner. Conclusion: Our results suggest that tumor-derived exosomes may facilitate stromal fibroblasts an aggressive phenotype to equip the tumor progression.
Evaluating In-Workflow Messages for Improving Mental Models of End-to-End Encryption

As large messaging providers increasingly adopt end-to-end encryption, private communication is readily available to more users than ever before. However, misunderstandings of end-to-end encryption’s beneﬁts and shortcomings limit people’s ability to make informed choices about how and when to use these services. This paper explores the potential of using short educational messages, built into messaging workﬂows, to improve users’ functional mental models of secure communication. A preliminary survey study (n = 461) ﬁnds that such messages, when used in isolation, can e ﬀ ectively improve understanding of several key concepts. We then conduct a longitudinal study (n = 61) to test these messages in a more realistic environment: embedded into a secure messaging app. In this second study, we do not ﬁnd statistically signiﬁcant evidence of improvement in mental models; however, qualitative evidence from participant interviews suggests that if made more salient, such messages could have potential to improve users’ understanding.
Review of effectiveness criteria in the application of Telemedicine

RESUMEN La telemedicina es una herramienta y recurso de gran utilidad para el diagnóstico y tratamiento médico. Desde su inicio en la década de los 70 se ha desarrollado de forma progresiva, demostrando el beneficio clínico que aporta a los pacientes y estando cada vez más presente en la actividad diaria de los clínicos. Diferentes estudios han tratado de definir y acotar su efectividad a la hora de aplicarse versus la asistencia presencial, siendo esta una variable importante a despejar. Este artículo realiza una revisión de las diferentes variables que se han acuñado para definir efectividad a la hora de tratar de demostrar la rentabilidad de incluir la telemedicina en la actividad asistencial diaria.
Structure Theory and FPT Algorithmics for Graphs, Digraphs and Hypergraphs

From 8th to 13th July 2007, the Dagstuhl Seminar 07281 (cid:16)Structure Theory and FPT Algorithmics for Graphs, Digraphs and Hy-pergraphs(cid:17) was held in the International Conference and Research Center (IBFI), Schloss Dagstuhl. During the seminar, several participants presented their current research, and ongoing work and open problems were discussed. Abstracts of the presentations given during the seminar as well as abstracts of seminar results and ideas are put together in this paper. The (cid:28)rst section describes the seminar topics and goals in general. Links to extended abstracts or full papers are provided, if available.
Social Media Use and Reading Culture of Undergraduate Students of Adventist University of Central Africa, Rwanda

Reading culture is regarded as the highest character of individual’s pursuit of enlightenment. It is a regular activity that has to do with the cultivation of an attitude and the possession of skills that make reading pleasurable. Reading culture is having the habit of reading in every life and not just for school purposes. Despite the importance of cultivating the culture of reading, it has been observed that many students have performed below expectation due to poor reading culture. Scholars affirm that social media use have the capacity of enhancing the reading culture of students. This study therefore, examined the influence of social media use and reading culture of undergraduate students of Adventist University of central Africa, Rwanda. The study adopted a survey research design. The population of study comprised of 2,015 undergraduates across all the faculties in Adventist University of Central Africa. A sample size of 334 was derived with the use of Taro Yamane formula. The study adopted simple random sampling technique in gathering the data for the study. The data collection tool was structured and validated questionnaire. The Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient for the constructs ranged from 0.718 to 0.86. The response rate was 96% and data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings revealed that there was a statistically positive significant influence of social media use on reading culture of Undergraduate Students of Adventist University of Central Africa (AUCA) in Rwanda. (β = 0.343, t (317) = 10.911, p < 0.05). Based on the descriptive analysis, the study revealed that there was a high level of reading culture among the undergraduates (x̅ = 3.09). The undergraduates read for examination purposes (x̅ = 2.76), improvement in vocabulary (x̅ = 3.18), and to improve academic performance (x̅ = 3.20). The undergraduates read different types of materials (x̅ = 3.12). Class Notes (x̅ = 3.26), Textbook (x̅ = 3.18). There was a high reading frequency amongst undergraduates at AUCA (x̅ = 2.63). The extent to which social media is used by the Undergraduates of Adventist University of Central Africa (AUCA) in Rwanda is high (x̅ = 3.32). YouTube is the highest used social media tool. (x̅=3.25). The undergraduates use social media for different purpose (x̅=3.23) such as to collaborate on academic (x̅ = 3.29). The study concludes that social media is an important element that can drive the reading culture of undergraduates of Adventist University of Central Africa (AUCA) in Rwanda. Therefore, based on the finding of this study, Undergraduates should endeavour to use more of their time in reading their books and are encouraged to direct their social media use more for educational purposes.
MBA-Blast: Unveiling and Simplifying Mixed Boolean-Arithmetic Obfuscation

Mixed Boolean-Arithmetic (MBA) obfuscation is a method to perform a semantics-preserving transformation from a simple expression to a representation that is hard to understand and analyze. More speciﬁcally, this obfuscation technique consists of the mixture usage of arithmetic operations (e.g., ADD and IMUL) and Boolean operations (e.g., AND, OR, and NOT). Binary code with MBA obfuscation can effectively hide the secret data/algorithm from both static and dynamic reverse engineering, including advanced analyses utilizing SMT solvers. Unfortunately, deobfuscation research against MBA is still in its infancy: state-of-the-art solutions such as pattern matching, bit-blasting, and program synthesis either suffer from severe performance penalties, are designed for speciﬁc MBA patterns, or generate too many false simpliﬁca-tion results in practice. In this paper, we ﬁrst demystify the underlying mechanism of MBA obfuscation. Our in-depth study reveals a hidden two-way feature regarding MBA transformation between 1-bit and n-bit variables. We exploit this feature and propose a viable solution to efﬁciently deobfuscate code with MBA obfuscation. Our key insight is that MBA transformations behave in the same way on 1-bit and n-bit variables. We provide a mathematical proof to guarantee the correctness of this ﬁnding. We further develop a novel technique to simplify MBA expressions to a normal simple form by arithmetic reduction in 1-bit space. We have implemented this idea as an open-source prototype, named MBA-Blast , and evaluated it on a comprehensive dataset with about 10 , 000 MBA expressions. We also tested our method in real-world, binary code deobfuscation scenarios, which demonstrate that MBA-Blast can assist human analysts to harness the full strength of SMT solvers. Compared with existing work, MBA-Blast is the most generic and efﬁcient MBA deobfuscation technique; it has a solid theoretical underpinning, as well as, the highest success rate with negligible overhead.
COPD_A_225694 2787..2798

Tomonori Maekura 1,2 Keisuke Miki Mari Miki Seigo Kitada 1 Ryoji Maekura 1,2 1Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, Toyonaka, Japan; 2Course of Safety Management in Health Care Sciences, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Jikei Institute, Osaka, Japan Purpose: Pharmacological therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation are useful for exertional dyspnoea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); however, several patients have no meaningful improvements. Although acupuncture significantly improves exercise intolerance and dyspnoea, the pathophysiological mechanism of these effects is unknown; therefore, we evaluated this mechanism using cardiopulmonary exercise testing in a single-arm, open experimental study. Patients and methods: Sixteen patients with COPD underwent acupuncture once a week for 12 weeks. Primary outcomes were exercise performance parameters, including peak oxygen uptake in the incremental exercise tests (IETs) and the time to the limit of tolerance measured in constant work rate exercise tests (CWRETs) at 70% peak work-rate of the IET. IETs and CWRETs were performed at baseline and at weeks 12, 16, and 24. Results: During the time course, there were significant increases in peak oxygen uptake (p = 0.018) and minute ventilation (V̇E, p = 0.04) in the IETs. At 12 weeks, the endurance time significantly increased (810 ± 470 vs 1125 ± 657 s, p < 0.001) and oxygen uptakes at terminated exercise were significantly lower (771 ± 149 mL/min, p < 0.05) than those at baseline (822 ± 176 mL/min) in CWRETs. The significant decreases in oxygen uptake and minute ventilation and improvements in Borg scale scores were also observed during CWRETs after acupuncture. The decreases at isotime in the Borg scale (r = −0.789, p = 0.0007) and V̇E (r =−0.6736, p = 0.0042) were significantly correlated with the improvement of endurance time. Conclusion: The positive effects of acupuncture on exertional dyspnoea were associated with increased endurance time influenced by improved oxygen utilisation and reduced ventilation during exercise. Acupuncture may be a new intervention for COPD in addition to conventional maintenance therapies.
A SYSTEMIC ANALYSIS OF MAGNETIC LEVITATION SYSTEM

Magnetic levitation is characterized by the magnetic field as the equilibrium of a body without any contact with a solid surface. Trains running on the basis of this technology are referred to as Maglev trains. Research focus has recently been on creating a precise and high-speed travel system so that all attention is paid to magnetic levitation systems. Japan and China have developed maglev train systems for public transportation in the last decade. Its key benefit is its frictionless road. The basic open loop maglev scheme is nonlinear, so an excellent control platform for control and evaluation has been developed. Magnetic levitation feels like the balance of a body without any interaction with a firm base, defined by the magnetic field. Maglev is referred to as trains powered on the basis of this technology. Recently, we have been working on an accurate, high-speed transport device that requires magnetic levitation systems into consideration. Its biggest asset is its path without friction. The basic open circuit maglev regime is nonlinear and thus an excellent control and evaluation platform has been developed. The high-speeding railways have taken considerable improvement in recent years, but the relationship between the railways and the wheels is the obstacle to better distances. The new wheel fewer moves in Maglev Rail. To accomplish the active suspension and a longitudinal engine power the train needs an efficient use of electromagnetic force. The friction resistance is fully eliminated and now more than 500 km / h can be achieved. Maglev repeater system and fault resistance are the spokes of a Maglev high-speed rail that is of significance for protection and stability of the Maglev high-speed train. The suspension system also fails due to a sensor fault and seams are not functioning properly. Under the standard iteration methodology, the performance of the suspension driving device has been checked and evaluated with sensor failure. This thesis explores the mechanism of this maglev train systems using very basic infrastructure of this concept train. KeywordsMagnetic levitation, Maglev, electromagnetic force, Maglev repeater system.
and Cell Death Enzymatic Activity in Immunomodulation Responses: Distinct Roles for Acylation and Modulates Innate and Adaptive Immune Adenylate Cyclase Toxin Bordetella pertussis

Adenylate cyclase toxin (CyaA) of Bordetella pertussis belongs to the repeat in toxin family of pore-forming toxins, which require posttranslational acylation to lyse eukaryotic cells. CyaA modulates dendritic cell (DC) and macrophage function upon stimulation with LPS. In this study, we examined the roles of acylation and enzymatic activity in the immunomodulatory and lytic effects of CyaA. The adenylate cyclase activity of CyaA was necessary for its modulatory effects on murine innate immune cells. In contrast, acylation was not essential for the immunomodulatory function of CyaA, but was required for maximal caspase-3 activation and cytotoxic activity. The wild-type acylated toxin (A-CyaA) and nonacylated CyaA (NA-CyaA), but not CyaA with an inactive adenylate cyclase domain (iAC-CyaA), enhanced TLR-ligand-induced IL-10 and inhibited IL-12, TNF- (cid:1) , and CCL3 production by macrophages and DC. In addition, both A-CyaA and NA-CyaA, but not iAC-CyaA, enhanced surface expression of CD80 and decreased CpG-stimulated CD40 and ICAM-1 expression on immature DC. Furthermore, both A-CyaA and NA-CyaA promoted the induction of murine IgG1 Abs, Th2, and regulatory T cells against coadministered Ags in vivo, whereas iAC-CyaA had more limited adjuvant activity. In contrast, A-CyaA and iAC-CyaA induced caspase-3 activation and cell death in macrophages, but these effects were considerably reduced or absent with NA-CyaA. Our ﬁndings demonstrate that NA-CyaA modulates the effects of CpG-ODN signaling through TLR-9
Conformational Study of Hard-core Liquid Crystalline Schiff Bases Containing 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Ring

The relaxed torsion potential of a hard-core Schiff bases of 1,3,4-oxadiazole liquid crystalline series has been studied by molecular modeling techniques. First, conformational search of the molecules was made at molecular mechanics MM+ in order to simplify calculations, so to find the lowest and highest energy conformation structure. In a second stage, geometry optimization calculations of these conformers were performed at the quantum mechanics semi-empirical PM3and RM1 levels in order to obtain more information about the structure and the stability of this core through identification the global minimum energy. Potential energy surfaces (PES) curve has been obtained from plotted the energies against the dihedral angles (θ1, θ3, and θ5). The results show that the core of the molecule did not lie in the same plane. But the π-conjugation is between the segments (A, B) which lay in the same plane and other π-conjugation between segments (C, D) which lay in other plane. Original Research Article American Chemical Science Journal, 4(2): 216-228, 2014 217