Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Small-scale fishing in Central American indigenous people: governance, tenure and sustainable management of marine resources

This research develops four case studies on small-scale fisheries in Central America located within indigenous territories. The ngobe Bugle Conte Burica Territory in the south of Costa Rica, the Garifuna territory in nueva Armenia Honduras, the Rama territory in Nicaragua and the ngobe Bugle territory in Bocas del Toro, Panama. This is one of the first studies focusing on indigenous territories, artisanal fisheries and SSF guidelines. The cases are a first approach to discussing and analyzing relevant social and human rights issues related to conservation of marine resources and fisheries management in these territories. The cases discussed between other issues of interest, the relationships between marine protected areas under different governance models and issues related to the strengthening of the small-scale fisheries of these indigenous populations and marine fishing territories. They highlight sustainability, governance, land tenure and access to fishing resources, gender, traditional knowledge importance and new challenges as climate change.
Snowmelt rate dictates streamflow

Declining mountain snowpack and earlier snowmelt across the western United States has implications for downstream communities. We present a possible mechanism linking snowmelt rate and streamflow generation using a gridded implementation of the Budyko framework. We computed an ensemble of Budyko streamflow anomalies (BSAs) using Variable Infiltration Capacity model‐simulated evapotranspiration, potential evapotranspiration, and estimated precipitation at 1/16° resolution from 1950 to 2013. BSA was correlated with simulated baseflow efficiency (r2 = 0.64) and simulated snowmelt rate (r2 = 0.42). The strong correlation between snowmelt rate and baseflow efficiency (r2 = 0.73) links these relationships and supports a possible streamflow generation mechanism wherein greater snowmelt rates increase subsurface flow. Rapid snowmelt may thus bring the soil to field capacity, facilitating below‐root zone percolation, streamflow, and a positive BSA. Previous works have shown that future increases in regional air temperature may lead to earlier, slower snowmelt and hence decreased streamflow production via the mechanism proposed by this work.
Modelling and mapping of exceedance of critical loads and critical levels for acidification and eutrophication in the UK 2013-2016. Final report

This report covers the work of the original contract (2013-15) and the following one-year extension (2015-16). The overall purpose of this project was to maintain, and where appropriate update, the UK critical loads database, and to provide estimates of critical load and critical level exceedance based on current pollutant deposition or concentrations, and scenarios for the future. The exceedance results were used to inform policy makers on the areas of sensitive habitats and designated sites potentially at risk from air pollution and were updated annually to provide a UK indicator of the impacts of air pollution on ecosystems. The project also supported the UK National Focal Centre (NFC) for critical loads modelling and mapping. The 1-year extension to this contract additionally included the biodiversity modelling required to enable the UK NFC to begin work in preparation for responding to the 2015-17 “Call for Data” under the UNECE Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP).
Turbulent mixing and removal of ozone within an Amazon rainforest canopy

Simultaneous profiles of turbulence statistics and mean ozone mixing ratio are used to establish a relation between eddy diffusivity and ozone mixing within the Amazon forest. A one‐dimensional diffusion model is proposed and used to infer mixing time scales from the eddy diffusivity profiles. Data and model results indicate that during daytime conditions, the upper (lower) half of the canopy is well (partially) mixed most of the time and that most of the vertical extent of the forest can be mixed in less than an hour. During nighttime, most of the canopy is predominantly poorly mixed, except for periods with bursts of intermittent turbulence. Even though turbulence is faster than chemistry during daytime, both processes have comparable time scales in the lower canopy layers during nighttime conditions. Nonchemical loss time scales (associated with stomatal uptake and dry deposition) for the entire forest are comparable to turbulent mixing time scale in the lower canopy during the day and in the entire canopy during the night, indicating a tight coupling between turbulent transport and dry deposition and stomatal uptake processes. Because of the significant time of day and height variability of the turbulent mixing time scale inside the canopy, it is important to take it into account when studying chemical and biophysical processes happening in the forest environment. The method proposed here to estimate turbulent mixing time scales is a reliable alternative to currently used models, especially for situations in which the vertical distribution of the time scale is relevant.
Penilaian Kinerja Operasional Trans Meudiwana Sebagai Fasilitas Penunjang Pariwisata di Kota Banda Aceh dan Kabupaten Aceh Besar

Dinas Perhubungan (Dishub) Aceh berkolaborasi dengan Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata (Disbudpar) Aceh mengahdirkan progam bus Trans Meudiwana yang disediakan untuk wisatawan guna meningkatkan perkembangan dalam lingkup kepariwisataan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis parameter kinerja bus Trans Meudiwana yang melayani rute Masjid Raya Baiturrahman – Lampuuk serta mengukur kepuasan pengguna atas pelaksanaan kinerja bus. Metode yang digunakan dalam mengukur kepuasan pengguna atas pelaksanaan kinerja bus Trans Meudiwana adalah metode Importance Performance Analysis (IPA). Diambil sebanyak 100 jumlah sampel dari populasi penumpang pada rute yang telah disebutkan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan tingkat kesesuaian responden sebesar 91,49% yang artinya pengguna merasa puas terhadap pelayanan yang diberikan. Untuk peningkatan kualitas pelayanan bus Trans Meudiwana pemerintah diharapkan memperbaiki indikator yang berda pada kuadran I agar kualitas pelayanan yang dirasakan pengguna lebih optimal. Kata kunci: bus Trans Meudiwana, pariwisata, kinerja angkutan umum, analisis kepuasan, Importance Perfomance Analysis.
Application of binocular structured light 3D measurement technology in refrigerator volume measurement

In view of the difficulties of volume measurement in the evaluation of refrigerator energy efficiency grade, based on the analysis of the principle of each measurement method, combined with the characteristics of refrigerator volume measurement, the technology combining structured light and binocular vision measurement was used. The structured light adopts speckle structured light. After the scanner is calibrated, the data is collected. After the data is denoised, smoothed, and edges are extracted, the volume is calculated. The results show that the structured light 3D scanning measurement accuracy meets the measurement requirements, but there are also problems such as insufficient depth of field measurement of the scanner at the turning point of the refrigerator, and the need to paste a large number of landmarks in the area without obvious features to achieve the stitching of the measured images.
One-shot deformed face recognition via Siamese neural network

CNN network classes require multiple images per class to train. This makes facial recognition using CNN imprac- tical, as it is often hard to obtain a sufficient number of images of one person. Siamese Networks, on the other hand, uses oneshot learning, meaning that only one input image will be needed to train the network for each person. We build a facial recognition system using Siamese Network. In Siamese Networks, a single image of one person is input, and the network will learn to recognize the person by learning the embedding of the image. The embedding is used to compute a similarity score – similar images will have higher similarity scores. Another image will then be input to the same network, and the system will compare two embeddings to determine whether they contain the same person, giving a true or false output. Using the ORL and LFW dataset, we performed several experiments on multiple aspects of the Siamese Network. We experimented on the Random Erasing function for our augmented data to test the reliability of the network in facial recognition. Results show significant improvement on model accuracy for model trained on random erasing masking. This kind of facial recognition systems is versatile and can be applied to numerous use cases. For example, this kind of system can be used to provide facial recognition for persons with disability that manifests in the deformation of facial features.
Epidemiological Study of Metastatic Brain Tumors in Miyazaki Prefecture: A Regional 10-year Survey in Southern Japan

Advances in cancer treatment have improved the survival of patients with cancer, with a concomitant increase in the proportion of patients with metastatic brain tumors (MBTs). In this study, we used cancer registries established in Japan after 2016 and available patient data by organ in order to conduct an accurate epidemiological study. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report on the detailed epidemiological data on MBT at the prefectural level in Japan using the Miyazaki Brain Tumor Database and Miyazaki Cancer Registry. This study included 425 new cases of MBTs diagnosed in Miyazaki Prefecture from 2007 to 2016. As per our findings, the most frequent primary tumor in Miyazaki Prefecture was found to be in the lung (49.4%), followed by colon/rectum/anus (9.4%) and breast (8.5%). Among patients with MBTs, 59.1% were males, a number closely similar to that of Japan, as shown in the Japanese Brain Tumor Registry (55.5%). The median age at diagnosis was 68 and 63 years in Miyazaki Prefecture and Japan, respectively. Although more patients were symptomatic in Miyazaki Prefecture than in Japan (88.5% vs. 15.5%), fewer patients opted for surgery (33.6% vs. 61.9%), probably because of their advanced age at diagnosis. As per the findings of this study, the annual incidence rate of new MBTs (i.e., ratio of the number of new cancer registrations to that of new MBT patients in Miyazaki Prefecture) was at 0.41%. The number of tumor sites in MBTs was independent of the total number of cancers per organ. Considering the expansion of cancer registries worldwide, including those on brain tumors, further epidemiological analysis of MBTs is deemed warranted.
Mapping spatial distribution of forest age in China

Forest stand age is a meaningful metric, which reflects the past disturbance legacy, provides guidelines for forest management practices, and is an important factor in qualifying forest carbon cycles and carbon sequestration potential. Reliable large‐scale forest stand age information with high spatial resolutions, however, is difficult to obtain. In this study, we developed a top‐down method to downscale the provincial statistics of national forest inventory data into 1 km stand age map using climate data and light detection and ranging‐derived forest height. We find that the distribution of forest stand age in China is highly heterogeneous across the country, with a mean value of ~42.6 years old. The relatively young stand age for Chinese forests is mostly due to the large proportion of newly planted forests (0–40 years old), which are more prevailing in south China. Older forests (stand age > 60 years old) are more frequently found in east Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau and the central mountain areas of west and northeast China, where human activities are less intensive. Among the 15 forest types, forests dominated by species of Taxodiaceae, with the exception of Cunninghamia lanceolata stands, have the oldest mean stand age (136 years), whereas Pinus massoniana forests are the youngest (18 years). We further identified uncertainties associated with our forest age map, which are high in west and northeast China. Our work documents the distribution of forest stand age in China at a high resolution which is useful for carbon cycle modeling and the sustainable use of China's forest resources.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF “COMPACT” AND “INTENSIVE”

At the end of last century when the sustainable development was widely accepted,the “compact city” appeared in the policies and legisla-tions of the west countries and was regarded as one of the leading patterns to control urban sprawl and real-ize the sustainability of urban form.At the same time,China was experiencing an unusual rapid develop-ment and the expansion leads to a huge demand for land resources.Therefore,scholars were making ef-forts to find an effective solution to make the urban land use from extensively to intensively to propel the urbanization process and sustainable development.This paper compares the two theroies in the aspectsof concept,study impetus,research method,and conclusion,etc.in an attempt to expand the views of studying urban sustainable development.
A Fully Operational Framework for Handling Cellular Automata Templates

Cellular automata are fully discrete, computational, or dynamical systems, characterised by a local, totally decentralised action. Although extremely simple in structure, they are able to represent arbitrarily complex phenomena. However, due to the very big number of rules in any nontrivial space, finding a local rule that globally unfolds as desired remains a challenging task. In order to help along this direction, here we present the current state of cellular automata templates, a data structure that allows for the representation of sets of cellular automata in a compact manner. The template data structure is defined, along with processes by which interesting templates can be built. In the end, we give an illustrative example showcasing how templates can be used to explore a very large cellular automaton space. Although the idea itself of template has been introduced before, only now its conceptual underpinnings and computational robustness rendered the notion effective for practical use.
Review on the Investigation and Protection Measurement of Spiders in Chinese Tea Gardens

According to the statistics, there are 289 species of spiders belonged to 28 families in Chinese tea gardens.Dominant species of spiders have 21 species.The accurance quantity of spiders makes up 65%-97.8% of the natural enemies in tea garden. Spiders of tea garden play an important roll on controlling pests.Effecting facter of spider's community have Application of chemical pesticides, Incidence amount of pests, Climate and eco-surroundings. Utilization and protection of spiders in tea garden have forecast the number of spiders and pests accordingly, Adoption of farming method, Application of physical and artificial method application of pesticide reasonably.
Potential Status of Persimmon (Diospyrus kaki L.) in Türkiye and Its Impact on Human Health

Anatolia is the gene center of many fruit species grown in the world and is also very rich in terms of fruit species and varieties. Diospyrus kaki L. , known as persimmon, is one of these fruit species. Considering Türkiye’s ecological conditions, persimmon has a great potential for production. In recent studies, the potential health effects of persimmon have been cited as an important factor, increasing the popularity and consumption of persimmon. In addition, persimmon has become the center of attention in recent years due to the attractive orange color of the fruit, its distinctive taste and structure, rich in antioxidants and phenolic compounds. In this review study, it was aimed to increase awareness of the production potential of persimmon grown in Turkiye by revealing its production potential, and to shed light on decision-makers in future production planning by providing information in terms of economic importance and health.
Lightweight Tunnel Obstacle Detection Based on Improved YOLOv5

Considering the high incidence of accidents at tunnel construction sites, using robots to replace humans in hazardous tasks can effectively safeguard their lives. However, most robots currently used in this field require manual control and lack autonomous obstacle avoidance capability. To address these issues, we propose a lightweight model based on an improved version of YOLOv5 for obstacle detection. Firstly, to enhance detection speed and reduce computational load, we modify the backbone network to the lightweight Shufflenet v2. Secondly, we introduce a coordinate attention mechanism to enhance the network’s ability to learn feature representations. Subsequently, we replace the neck convolution block with GSConv to improve the model’s efficiency. Finally, we modify the model’s upsampling method to further enhance detection accuracy. Through comparative experiments on the model, the results demonstrate that our approach achieves an approximately 37% increase in detection speed with a minimal accuracy reduction of 1.5%. The frame rate has improved by about 54%, the parameter count has decreased by approximately 74%, and the model size has decreased by 2.5 MB. The experimental results indicate that our method can reduce hardware requirements for the model, striking a balance between detection speed and accuracy.
Multi-level image detail enhancement based on guided filtering

Image blur and detail information loss are caused by various factors such as imaging environment and hardware performance, therefore a multi-level image detail enhancement method based on guided filtering is proposed. Firstly, the input image is iteratively filtered by using the guided filter, to obtain background images with different smoothness; then the background image is subtracted from the original image to obtain detail images with different levels; finally, a dynamic saturation function is used to adjust the weights of detail images, which are superimposed with the original image to obtain the enhanced image. The proposed method is compared with the existing enhancement algorithms using open dataset. The experimental results show that, compared with other enhancement methods, the proposed method in this paper achieves a better enhancement effect, the enhanced image has clear edges, and the visual effect is suitable. Compared with other methods, the objective indicators of information entropy, average gradient, and spatial frequency are improved on average. 1.39%, 27.9%, and 19.3%.
Monolithically Integrated Bidirectional Flow Sensor and Stacked Temperature/Humidity Sensor Based on CMOS-Compatible MEMS Technology

In this article, we present a monolithically integrated multifunctional sensor for respiratory applications, which consists of a bidirectional micro flow sensor with dual microheaters and a stacked microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) temperature/humidity sensor. Importantly, the integrated multifunctional sensor is fabricated using a low-cost CMOS-compatible MEMS process. In addition, the MEMS humidity sensor is further coated with a polyimide (PI) layer to enhance its water absorption and sensitivity. The performance of each sensor is evaluated in conjunction with its interface circuit. The results show that the flow sensor has a high sensitivity of 0.62 mW/(m/s) $^{\mathrm {1/2}}$ within a detectable flow range of −12–12 m/s. The temperature sensor shows a sensitivity of −57.1 mV/°C over a linear range of 0 °C–50 °C, while the humidity sensor exhibits an average sensitivity of 15.8 fF/%RH. Moreover, the preliminary results from this monolithically integrated sensor in human breath monitoring, confirm its potential as a promising low-cost Internet of Things (IoT) node for respiratory applications.
Application of sedimentary geochemistry in the analysis of sequence stratigraphy

The most basic and critical question of the sequence stratigraphy study is sequence identification.The sequence identification contains the identification of sequence boundaries and the constitution identification of inter systems tract.Besides the macroscopic sedimentary records analytical methods,the sequence boundary and inter systems tract can also be identified by microcosmic analysis information of sedimentary geochemistry.The results show that during the forming process of the sequence boundaries,accompanied by physical,chemical and biological weathering,on the sequence boundaries,the element Fe exists in high valence oxide;the content of Al is high,and major Al exists in oxide;the content of K is higher than that of Na;the ratio of Th/U is large.The contents of REE,trace elements,major elements are closely related with the systems tract.The content of REE during the period of LST or SMST is minimum,and it gradually rises during TST until it gets the maximum during the maximum flooding period,then gradually decreases during HST period.The trace elements also have the minimum contents during LST period,and their contents gradually increase during TST period until the maximum,then gradually decrease during the HST period.
staphylococ-Relationships among superantigen toxin gene profiles, genotypes, and pathogenic characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from bovine mastitis

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major etiological agents of bovine mastitis, harboring a wide variety of staphylococcal superantigen (SAg) toxin genes. The SAg toxin genes are reported to be closely associated with the pathogenicity of the Staph. aureus causing the bovine mastitis. This study was conducted to investigate SAg toxin gene profiles and to assess the relationships among SAg toxin genes, genotypes of Staph. aureus , and their pathogenic properties. A total of 327 quarter milk samples were collected from bovine mastitis cases for isolation and identification of pathogens. In total, 35 isolates were identified as Staph. aureus , and the prevalence of Staph. aureus in milk samples was 13.6% (35/256). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assays were used to detect the SAg toxin genes and to genotype Staph. aureus strains isolated from milk samples of bovine mastitis in 10 dairy herds located in Ningxia, China, respectively. The results showed that among the Staph. aureus isolates (n = 35), 71.4% (n = 25) of isolates carried at least one SAg toxin gene. In total, 18 SAg genes and 21 different gene combination patterns were detected among these isolates. The most common SAg genes in Staph. aureus isolates were sei , sen , and seu (44.0% each), followed by seo , tst , and etB (28.0% each), etA (24.0%), sem and sep (16.0% each), seb , sec , sed , and sek (12.0% each), and sea and seh genes (8.0% each); the seg , sej , and ser genes were pres-ent