Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Total flavonoid content and in vitro study on the sunscreen activity of extracts of leaves of Elaeocarpus floribundus blume

Background: Elaeocarpus floribundus blume leaves have traditionally been used to treat a variety of diseases; Its hot water infusion is used as a gargle to treat inflamed gums and relieve rheumatoid arthritis. Furthermore, previous research has shown that its methanol extract contains a high level of total phenolic content. Objective: To determine the total flavonoid content (TFC) of E.floribundus leaves extracts and to conduct preliminary research on their sunscreen activity. Method: This plant's dried-bulk leaves were macerated in three different solvents, n-hexane, ethylacetate, and methanol, in that order. The TFC of all extracts was determined using a colorimetric method with AlCl3 as the reagent and quercetine as the standard. In contrast, sunscreen activity was assessed by determining the value of the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer and 3-benzophenone as the positive control. Result: The results indicated that the n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts contained 35.58 ± 1.87 mgQE/g extract, 60.59 ± 0.53 mgQE/g extract, and 149.28 ± 0.89 mgQE/g extract, respectively. With SPF values of 45.470; 44.791; 43.754; 38.861 and 21.102 for tested concentrations of 1000; 800; 600; 400 and 200 mg/mL, respectively, methanol extract demonstrated the highest potential for sun protection activity. However, this activity was not more potent than 3-benzophenone, which had an SPF value of 22,647 at a concentration of 50 mg/mL. Conclusion: The methanol extract of E. floribundus blume's leaves had the highest total flavonoid content and the greatest potential for sun protection among the tested extracts.
Marine Cold‐Air Outbreak Snowfall in the North Atlantic: A CloudSat Perspective

This study analyzes the influence of marine cold‐air outbreaks (MCAO) on snowfall and cloud properties in the North Atlantic Ocean using CloudSat observations. Comparing reanalysis‐determined MCAO conditions (low‐level instability) against “non‐CAO” conditions, we find that MCAO conditions are associated with predominantly light snowfall rates (<2 mm day−1 liquid water equivalent) whereas non‐CAO conditions are more frequently associated with higher snowfall rates. Near cold‐air sources, such as sea ice or cold continents, MCAO‐forced snowfall rates tend to be more frequent and more intense. Additionally, 76% of snowing clouds identified during MCAO conditions are shallow (mean cloud top height <3 km) stratocumulus, whereas 44% (43%) of clouds in non‐CAO conditions are deeper nimbostratus (stratocumulus). With greater boundary layer instability (stronger MCAO conditions), CloudSat observes higher cloud‐top heights, reflecting a deepening boundary layer and the presence of two distinct cloud modes during MCAO conditions.
Research on improved modal parameter identification method using Hilbert-Huang transform

In the wind tunnel test, the full-bridge aeroelastic model needs to simulate both the shape and dynamic characteristics of the real bridge, and modal parameters are key dynamic parameters. Therefore, it is essential to identify the modal parameters of the model accurately. To get accurate modal parameters of the long-span bridge model in the wind tunnel test, the applications of the Hilbert-Huang transform for modal parameter identification were analyzed in this paper. Then a band-pass filter is designed to filter the original signal so that the intrinsic mode function obtained by empirical mode decomposition can satisfy the single-component signal requirement and eliminate the mode mixing effect effectively. Meanwhile, the endpoint data extension method based on SVM (Support Vector Machine) was presented to restrain the end effects of empirical mode decomposition. Finally, taking the Oujiang Bridge as the engineering background, the improved algorithm was applied to modal parameter identification of the bridge under ambient excitation. The modal parameters such as modal frequency and damping ratio were obtained. The reliability of the improved method was verified by comparing the identified modal parameters with the results of the finite element method, and it turns out that the improved method can reduce the frequency identification error of vertical bend, lateral bend, and torsion to 1.01%, 4.07%, and 1.68%. The results indicated that the improved method based on the Hilbert-Huang transform can accurately identify the main modal parameters of the structure and can be better applied to identify the modal parameters of long-span bridge structures.
Ab initio
 study of the nonlinear optical properties and dc photocurrent of the Weyl semimetal 
TaIrTe4

We present a first principles theoretical study employing nonlinear response theory to investigate the d.c. photocurrent generated by linearly polarized light in the type-II Weyl semimetal TaIrTe4. We report the low energy spectrum of several nonlinear optical effects. At second-order, we consider the shift and injection currents. Assuming the presence of a built-in static electric field, at third-order we study the current-induced shift and injection currents, as well as the jerk current. We discuss our results in the context of a recent experiment measuring an exceptionally large photoconductivity in this material [J. Ma et at. , Nat. Mater. 18, 476 (2019)]. According to our results, the jerk current is the most likely origin of the large response. Finally, we propose means to discern the importance of the various mechanisms involved in a time-resolved experiment.
Visual History Lessons Told by Der Spiegel

This picture-type analysis of front covers of the German magazine Der Spiegel starts from the premise that the magazine's front covers convey history narratives that might play an important role in history education. Pupils can learn from them which history narratives dominate public discourse or cultural memory. The article provides a quantitative overview of the frequency with which Der Spiegel visually or verbally frames current political events in a historical context. Knowledge of this framing process can be used to teach how the media use history events to pursue “memory politics” or “politics for the past. ” Some front covers, which refer to historical events, serve to legitimate or delegitimate current policies or politicians. Others show the extent to which Der Spiegel is involved in coming to terms with the National Socialist past.
Beam shaping via photopatterned liquid crystals

ABSTRACT Due to the fantastic properties and diverse applications of specific beams, optical beam shaping has attracted intensive attentions recently. Generally, these beams can be converted from Gaussian beams via particular spatial amplitude or phase control. In this work, we present a liquid crystal photopatterning technique based on dynamic microlithography with a polarisation-sensitive photoalignment agent. This technique enables the accurate, arbitrary and reconfigurable azimuthal angle control of liquid crystals, thus providing a powerful approach for the manipulation of light. By this means, the tailoring of arbitrary fine microstructures with binary or continuously space-variant liquid crystal azimuthal orientations are demonstrated. We briefly review our recent work on some specially designed patterns and corresponding specific optical fields. High-quality vortex beams, vector beams and Airy beams are generated with unprecedented flexibility in the design and control of light wavefront. Besides high efficiency, good electrical switchability and broad wavelength tolerance, the proposed devices also exhibit merits of compact size, low cost, dynamic mode conversion and polarisation controllable energy distribution, and are available for short pulse and intense light modulation. This work may pave a bright way towards beam shaping and bring new possibilities for the design of novel advanced liquid crystal photonic devices. Graphical Abstract
CO2 fertilization enhances vegetation productivity and reduces ecological drought in India

Higher warming will affect more regions globally with intensified agricultural and ecological droughts. Higher CO2 concentration improves vegetation’s water use efficiency (WUE), but its potential to alleviate extreme agricultural and ecological droughts is unclear. India is the second-highest contributor to global greening, having two of the eight global hottest biodiversity hotspots. Here, for the first time, using the CMIP6 earth system models (ESMs), we found an increase in the net vegetation productivity in India at the rate of 10.552 TgC year−1 with 1% per year increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration from 285 ppm to 1140 ppm, contrary to global trends. The improved WUE resulting from carbon fertilization and higher rain under warming will supersede the increased evapotranspiration water loss due to radiative effects. We found that the substantial increase in vegetation productivity in India attributes to plant physiology, and such factor needs to be considered in the drought projections.
Anomalous scaling of a passive scalar in turbulent flow

Nous derivons une equation phenomenologique pour la fonction de correlation a N points d'un scalaire passif dans un champ de vitesse Gaussian qui suit les lois d'echelles de Kolmogorov. Cette equation possede une symetrie SL (N - 1, R) x SO (d) approximative, qui permet de trouver la solution pour N = 3, en deux dimensions d'espace (d = 2). Une loi d'echelle anormale dans la zone inertielle, differente de la loi predite par les arguments de Kolmogorov, est trouvee pour la fonction a 3 points (« skewness »). Cette loi implique qu'une anisotropie persite aux petites echelles. En plus de l'exposant anormal, la dependance angulaire de la fonction a 3 points est completement determinee.
Modeling Idiom Variability with Entropy and Distributional Semantics

In this paper we assessed the cognitive plausibility of corpus-based flexibility measures for a sample of Italian idioms taken from the normative data by Tabossi et al. (2011). We found that psycholinguistic judgments on idiom predictability, literality and syntactic flexibility can be modeled by distributional representations of idiom semantics, entropy-based formal flexibility measures, frequency and the number of fully lexicalized arguments of idioms.
A meta-analysis of the effects of dietary Spirulina on growth performance of broiler chicken

SUMMARY Spirulina (Spirulina platensis) has received attention as an alternative protein source and feed additive in animal diets. Many studies reported varying degrees of success in the growth performance of broiler chicken when fed diets containing Spirulina. In the present study, we investigated dietary effect of Spirulina on broiler chicken growth performance using a meta-analytical approach. The databases, WEB OF SCIENCE (1970–2021), SCOPUS (1939–2021) and Google Scholar were searched systematically to select studies for the analysis. A total of 28 studies were included in the analysis. The differences in growth performance parameters (i.e. feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio) between the birds fed control diets and Spirulina diets were calculated using a standardised effect size; Hedges’ g. The meta-analysis showed that birds fed diets containing Spirulina improved weight gain and feed conversion ratio compared to those fed control diets. On the other hand, there was no difference in feed intake between the groups fed Spirulina diets and control diets. The present meta-analysis manifested that dietary inclusion of Spirulina could improve the growth performance of broiler chicken. In particular, the supplementation of low levels of Spirulina (i.e. less than 10%) in diets is more suitable to achieve higher growth performance in broiler chicken.
PERAN TRUST MEMODERASI PENGARUH PERSONAL SELLING TERHADAP MINAT BELI TERHADAP TAS BEKAS BERMEREK DI FACEBOOK LIVE STREAMING

In online shopping, trust is an important aspect that influences consumer interest in online transactions. This research is explanatory research that aims to explain the role of trust in moderating the influence of personal selling on the intention to buy second-hand branded bags on Facebook by means of live streaming. The population of this research is all consumers who have bought second-hand branded bags via live streaming on Facebook in the Jabodetabek area. The sampling technique used is a purposive sampling technique that uses certain criteria as a requirement to be a research sample. The data collection instrument used was a questionnaire distributed online via Instagram and WhatsApp. There are 100 respondents in Jakarta who are willing to participate in this study. According to this research, trust is a crucial factor that affects customers' intentions to purchase second-hand branded bags through live streaming on Facebook. On the contrary, this research found that personal selling has no effect on the purchase intention of second-hand branded bags through live streaming on Facebook. Lastly, this study shows that trust makes the effects of personal selling on purchase intention less strong. Key word : trust, personal selling, purchasing intentions, live streaming.
Performance Evaluation of Routing Protocols for Opportunistic Networks: An Energy
 Efficiency Perspective

In most computer networks, a path between a sending node and the destination node is requiredto transfer data. There are instances where such a path for communication may not exist, suchas in space communications, and the standard message routing techniques will not work. OpportunisticNetworks were developed to solve this problem. Infrastructure-less Opportunistic Networks(OppNets) are a type of Delay Tolerant Networks where nodes in the network are responsible forforwarding messages to the destination nodes under the constraints of intermittent connectivity, dynamictopology changes, and non-guarantee of an end-to-end path. Various routing protocols weredeveloped for OppNets; however, these routing protocols are energy-inefficient, and this is a problembecause devices that are used in OppNets are usually battery-powered. In this project, newenergy-efficient routing protocols for OppNets, namely, E FirstContactRouter, E WaveRouter, EFloatingContentRouter and E LifeRouter were developed from their energy-inefficient base routingprotocols, namely FirstContactRouter, WaveRouter, FloatingContentRouter and LifeRouter. Theenergy-efficient routing protocols were compared against their energy-inefficient base protocols andother developed energy-efficient routing protocols, namely E-Prophet, E-Epidemic, E-MaxProp andE-Spray&Wait routing protocols. The energy metrics that we used to do the tests were the numberof dead nodes and the average remaining energy. Simulations were carried out using the OpportunisticNetwork Environment (ONE) simulator and it was discovered that the proposed energy-awarerouting protocols outperform their non-energy-aware counterparts in terms of the above-mentionedperformance metrics.
Infectious Complications After A Liver Transplant

Liver transplantation is a life-extending procedure for patients with end-stage liver disease (ESLD), post-transplant infections continue to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Infection risk varies over time, with issues most commonly related to transplant surgery and nosocomial infections in the early post-transplant period. Because of the increased burden of immunosuppression, opportunistic infections become more common between 1 and 12 months post-transplant. As immunosuppression is reduced after 12 months, the risk of opportunistic infections decreases. Recipients are still vulnerable to community-acquired infections, and recurrent cholangitis may become an issue in those with chronic allograft dysfunction or recurrent cholestatic liver disease. This article will go over a strategy for dealing with infectious complications in the early, intermediate, and late stages following liver transplantation, with a focus on the most common infections as well as those of emerging concern.
Reproductive and hormonal responses of two breeds of roosters fed diets containing chromium picolinate with or without vitamin C at high ambient temperature

This study evaluated the effects of chromium picolinate (CrPic) with or without vitamin C on the reproductive potentials of cocks raised under high ambient temperature. Four diets contained CrPic at 0.00 to 1.20 mg kg-1 without vitamin C and another four diets contained CrPic with 200 mg vitamin C each. A total of 192 White Leghorn and Noiler cocks (96 cocks each) were randomly assigned to the 8 treatments and replicated 4 times with 6 cocks per replicate in a 2 x2 x 4 factorial experiment. At the end of the sixteen weeks study, twelve birds per treatment were randomly sacrificed. The testes were carefully sampled, weighed and processed for estimation of daily sperm production using the homogenate method. The results revealed that the interactions of 0.40 mg CrPic kg-1 with or without vitamin C significantly (p < 0.05) influenced the gonadal and extra-gonadal weights, semen characteristics among the cocks while the daily sperm production and reproductive hormones were not negatively affected. This study, therefore, concluded that 0.40 mg CrPic kg-1 diet with vitamin C could significantly reduce the effects of heat stress on cocks raised under high ambient temperature without negatively impacting on their normal reproductive functions.
Status of MSSM Higgs sector after ICHEP 2016

ATLAS and CMS collaborations have reported the new results on Higgs search analyzing $\sim 15$ fb$^{-1}$ data from Run-II of LHC at 13 TeV. In this work we study the Higgs sector of the phenomenological Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model, in the light of the new Higgs data presented at ICHEP 2016, on and above the existing Run-I data, and comment on their relative impacts. We have observed that the new data has two major impacts on the parameter space: The first one is through the $H \to \tau^{+} \tau^{-}$ direct search limit which rules out the high $\tan\beta$ regions more efficiently than the Run-I data. Secondly, the correlated light Higgs observables as reported by ATLAS with Run-II data in the $h \to ZZ$ channel, which disfavors pseudoscalar mass below 450 GeV. Finally we discuss the possible decay modes of heavy Higgs bosons to supersymmetric particles.
An Electronic Algorithm to Identify Vancomycin-Associated Acute Kidney Injury

Abstract Background The burden of vancomycin-associated acute kidney injury (V-AKI) is unclear because it is not systematically monitored. The objective of this study was to develop and validate an electronic algorithm to identify cases of V-AKI and to determine its incidence. Methods Adults and children admitted to 1 of 5 health system hospitals from January 2018 to December 2019 who received at least 1 dose of intravenous (IV) vancomycin were included. A subset of charts was reviewed using a V-AKI assessment framework to classify cases as unlikely, possible, or probable events. Based on review, an electronic algorithm was developed and then validated using another subset of charts. Percentage agreement and kappa coefficients were calculated. Sensitivity and specificity were determined at various cutoffs, using chart review as the reference standard. For courses ≥48 hours, the incidence of possible or probable V-AKI events was assessed. Results The algorithm was developed using 494 cases and validated using 200 cases. The percentage agreement between the electronic algorithm and chart review was 92.5% and the weighted kappa was 0.95. The electronic algorithm was 89.7% sensitive and 98.2% specific in detecting possible or probable V-AKI events. For the 11 073 courses of ≥48 hours of vancomycin among 8963 patients, the incidence of possible or probable V-AKI events was 14.0%; the V-AKI incidence rate was 22.8 per 1000 days of IV vancomycin therapy. Conclusions An electronic algorithm demonstrated substantial agreement with chart review and had excellent sensitivity and specificity in detecting possible or probable V-AKI events. The electronic algorithm may be useful for informing future interventions to reduce V-AKI.
A Multipolarized Metal-Only Reflectarray Antenna

A multipolarized metal-only reflectarray antenna (MPMORA) is proposed and investigated in this communication. The reflectarray is an all-metal planar structure and is composed of unit-cells featuring perpendicularly placed size-variable slots carved in a metal sheet. Owing to negligible interactions between orthogonal slots of the unit-cell, a multipolarized metal-only reflectarray with dual-linear and dual-circular operations can be realized by rotation of a linearly polarized (LP) feed with 0°, 45°, 90°, and 135°, respectively. For proof-of-concept, a prototype hosting 441 unit-cells and operating at X-band is manufactured and measured. The testing data reveals that the proposed design can achieve reasonable 1 dB gain drop bandwidths and peak aperture efficiencies for all polarizations, for instance, 15.3% and 45% in the case of right-hand circular polarization (RHCP). Moreover, the 3 dB axial ratio bandwidths for RHCP and left-hand circular polarization (LHCP) are also wide, which are 26% and 39%, respectively. These satisfactory behavior as well as the metal-only configuration make our design a competitive candidate for multi-polarization applications.
Detection of copy-move forgery image based on fractal and statistics

Most of the existing detection algorithms for image copy-move forgery cannot effectively detect the sequential mixed image forgeries with regional duplication,so a new detection method based on fractal and statistics was proposed.The presented method first divided an image into overlapping blocks,and the each block would respectively be extracted to an eigenvector,which was composed by fractal dimension and three statistical data.Then,all the eigenvectors were lexicographically sorted.Finally,the forgery part was localized by means of the location information of the blocks and the Euclidean distance.The proposed method can not only detect the traditional copy-move forgery,but also detect the multi-region forgery for images subjected to rotation,flipping,and a mixture of these processing operations.The method is also robust to tampered images undergoing some attacks like Gaussian blurring,contrast adjustment,brightness adjustment,etc.The experimental results show the validity of the method.
Frequency of Obstetrical Hysterectomy in Morbidly Adherent Placenta in Women with Previous Cesarean Section in Tertiary Care Hospital

Objective: To determine the frequency of obstetrical hysterectomy in the morbidly adherent placenta in women with previous cesarean sections in tertiary care hospital. Study design: A cross-sectional study Place and Duration: Gynecology and obstetrics department of Liaquat university hospital Hyderabad from 5th November 2020 to 5th May 2021 Methodology: This study comprised 62 women who had placentas that were identified as morbidly adherent by Doppler ultrasound. Repeat ultrasound scans were used to monitor cases with grossly adherent placentas. The condition of the mother and fetus was routinely evaluated in the hospital, where blood was cross-matched for transfusion. All information was entered into a pre-made proforma. Results: The women were 30.68 ±4.70 years of age on average. When a placenta was morbidly adherent and in a woman who had previously had a caesarean section, 7.41% (17/62) of those women underwent an obstetrical hysterectomy. These women spent an average of 4.92 ±2.65 days in the hospital. Conclusion: - In 7.41% of cases, obstetrical hysterectomy was performed on women who had previously undergone caesarean section because of a morbidly attached placenta. These findings suggest that a morbidly adhered placenta can seriously interfere with a female's ability to procreate. It is crucial to make a well-informed decision about having a C-section in the first place, and following previous C-sections, vaginal birth should be given some thought. Keywords: caesarean section, morbidly adherent placenta, hysterectomy