Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inducing Angiogenesis in the Nucleus Pulposus

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) gene delivery to Lewis rat lumbar intervertebral discs (IVDs) drives bone formation anterior and external to the IVD, suggesting the IVD is inhospitable to osteogenesis. This study was designed to determine if IVD destruction with a proteoglycanase, and/or generating an IVD blood supply by gene delivery of an angiogenic growth factor, could render the IVD permissive to intra-discal BMP-driven osteogenesis and fusion. Surgical intra-discal delivery of naïve or gene-programmed cells (BMP2/BMP7 co-expressing or VEGF165 expressing) +/- purified chondroitinase-ABC (chABC) in all permutations was performed between lumbar 4/5 and L5/6 vertebrae, and radiographic, histology, and biomechanics endpoints were collected. Follow-up anti-sFlt Western blotting was performed. BMP and VEGF/BMP treatments had the highest stiffness, bone production and fusion. Bone was induced anterior to the IVD, and was not intra-discal from any treatment. chABC impaired BMP-driven osteogenesis, decreased histological staining for IVD proteoglycans, and made the IVD permissive to angiogenesis. A soluble fragment of VEGF Receptor-1 (sFlt) was liberated from the IVD matrix by incubation with chABC, suggesting dysregulation of the sFlt matrix attachment is a possible mechanism for the chABC-mediated IVD angiogenesis we observed. Based on these results, the IVD can be manipulated to foster vascular invasion, and by extension, possibly osteogenesis.
Measurable Residual Disease (MRD) by Flow Cytometry in Adult B-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (B-ALL) and Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML): Correlation with Molecular MRD Testing and Clinical Outcome at One Year

Simple Summary Measurable residual disease monitoring is an important prognostic tool in haematological malignancies commonly performed by two modalities: flow cytometry and molecular methods. In this paper, we studied consecutive adult participants requiring flow cytometric measurable residual disease monitoring. This is one of the largest prospective Australian studies to date, providing a unique insight into the Australian context. We described five distinctive patterns associated with disease relapse and survival and also investigated correlation with molecular methods. Our results provide additional evidence that the correlation between molecular and flow cytometric methods is moderate in B-lymphoblastic leukaemia and poor in acute myeloid leukaemia. There was a strong association between flow cytometry results and relapse in acute myeloid leukaemia but less so for B-lymphoblastic leukaemia. Our novel data indicate that the pattern of change in measurable residual disease over time was associated with the risk of relapse, particularly in acute myeloid leukaemia and highlight the divergent ways measurable residual disease testing can be employed across different leukaemias. Abstract Measurable residual disease (MRD) detected by flow cytometry (FC) is well established in paediatric B- lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-ALL) and adult chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), but its utility in adult B-ALL and adult acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is less clear. In this prospective MRD study, one of the largest in Australia to date, we examined consecutive bone marrow aspirates from adult participants with B-ALL (n = 47) and AML (n = 87) sent for FC-MRD testing at a quaternary referral hospital in Sydney. FC-MRD results were correlated to corresponding Mol-MRD testing where available and clinical outcomes at three-month intervals over 1 year. B-ALL showed a moderate positive correlation (rs = 0.401, p < 0.001), while there was no correlation between FC-MRD and Mol-MRD for AML (rs = 0.13, p = 0.237). Five FC-MRD patterns were identified which had significant associations with relapse (X2(4) = 31.17(4), p > 0.001) and survival (X2(4) = 13.67, p = 0.008) in AML, but not in B-ALL. The three-month MRD results were also strongly associated with survival in AML, while the association in B-ALL was less evident. There was a moderate correlation between FC-MRD and Mol-MRD in B-ALL but not AML. The association of FC-MRD with relapse and survival was stronger in AML than in B-ALL. Overall, these findings suggest divergent utilities of FC-MRD in AML and B-ALL.
Human Development Report 2009. Overcoming Barriers: Human Mobility and Development

Migration, both within and beyond borders, has become an increasingly prominent theme in domestic and international debates, and is the topic of the 2009 Human Development Report (HDR09). The starting point is that the global distribution of capabilities is extraordinarily unequal, and that this is a major driver for movement of people. Migration can expand their choices — in terms of incomes, accessing services and participation, for example — but the opportunities open to people vary from those who are best endowed to those with limited skills and assets. These underlying inequalities, which can be compounded by policy distortions, is a theme of the report.The report investigates migration in the context of demographic changes and trends in both growth and inequality. It also presents more detailed and nuanced individual, family and village experiences, and explores less visible movements typically pursued by disadvantaged groups such as short term and seasonal migration.There is a range of evidence about the positive impacts of migration on human development, through such avenues as increased household incomes and improved access to education and health services. There is further evidence that migration can empower traditionally disadvantaged groups, in particular women. At the same time, risks to human development are also present where migration is a reaction to threats and denial of choice, and where regular opportunities for movement are constrained.National and local policies play a critical role in enabling better human development outcomes for both those who choose to move in order to improve their circumstances, and those forced to relocate due to conflict, environmental degradation, or other reasons. Host country restrictions can raise both the costs and the risks of migration. Similarly, negative outcomes can arise at the country levels where basic civic rights, like voting, schooling and health care are denied to those who have moved across provincial lines to work and live. HDR09 shows how a human development approach can be a means to redress some of the underlying issues that erode the potential benefits of mobility and/or force migration.
An exploration of mechanism of high quality and yield of Gastrodia elata Bl. f. glauca by the isolation, identification, and evaluation of Mycena

Gastrodia elata Bl. f. glauca is an important traditional Chinese medicinal plant. The yield and quality of Gastrodia elata Bl. have significantly decreased due to multigenerational asexual reproduction. Therefore, it is necessary to have sexual reproduction of Gastrodia elata Bl. to supplement the market supply. Seeds of G. elata Bl. have no endosperm, and their sexual reproduction depends on the nutrients provided by the embryo cells infected by Mycena fungi to complete seed germination. However, Mycena fungi are small and have many species, and not all Mycena fungi can promote the germination of G. elata Bl. seeds. Therefore, it is of great significance to isolate and identify suitable germination fungi and explore the mechanism for improving the production performance and yield, and quality of G. elata Bl. Six closely related Mycena isolates, JFGL-01, JFGL-02, JFGL-03, JFGL-04, JFGL-05, and JFGL-06, were isolated from the leaves and protocorms of G. elata Bl. f. glauca and were identified as Mycena purpureofusca. The mycelial state and number of germinating protocorms were used as indicators to preferentially select Mycena fungi, and it was concluded that JFGL-06 had the best mycelial state and ability to germinate G. elata Bl. seeds. Finally, a mechanism to increase the yield of G. elata Bl. was explored by comparing the changes in nutrient elements and microbial diversity in the soil around G. elata Bl. with different strains. JFGL-06 proved to be an excellent Mycena fungal strain suitable for G. elata Bl. f. glauca. Compared with the commercial strain, JFGL-06 significantly increased the C, N, Na, Mg, S, Cl, K, Ca, and Fe contents of the soil surrounding the protocorms of G. elata Bl. f. glauca. JFGL-06 improved the composition, diversity, and metabolic function of the surrounding soil microbial community of G. elata Bl. f. glauca protocorms at the phylum, class, and genus levels, significantly increased the relative abundance of bacteria such as Acidobacteria and fungi such as Trichoderma among the dominant groups, and increased the abundance of functional genes in metabolic pathways such as nucleotide metabolism and energy metabolism. There was a significant reduction in the relative abundance of bacteria, such as Actinomycetes, and fungi, such as Fusarium, in the dominant flora, and a reduced abundance of functional genes, such as amino acid metabolism and xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolism. This is the main reason why the JFGL-06 strain promoted high-quality and high-yield G. elata Bl. f. glauca in Changbai Mountain.
MMHTSR: In-Air Handwriting Trajectory Sensing and Reconstruction Based on mmWave Radar

In-air handwriting necessitates consistent motion tracking, in contrast to millimeter-wave (mmWave) radar-based simple gesture recognition techniques. However, during long-duration gesture tracking, challenges, such as body motion interference and environmental clutter, become more pressing. Moreover, due to the lack of a supporting surface in in-air handwriting, slight arm tremors also can result in unsmooth trajectories. To address these challenges, this article proposes a two-stage processing framework called MMHTSR. In the first stage, the state-space equations are reestablished, and a locally correlated 2-D Gaussian process regression (GPR) algorithm is employed for interframe prediction. By incorporating uncertainty estimation, weights are assigned to the next frame data, effectively suppressing interference from nongestural targets. In the second stage, real-time smoothing and tracking of gesture trajectories are accomplished using a Kalman filter, followed by mapping the trajectories onto the Cartesian coordinate system. Finally, an end-to-end signal processing framework is deployed on a low-cost 60-GHz mmWave radar prototype, and gesture trajectory recognition is achieved using deep learning methods. Experimental results demonstrate that MMHTSR can accurately track motion gestures within the range of approximately 5–40 cm and successfully recognize 30 classes of in-air gesture trajectories, including uppercase letters A–Z and four interactive gesture actions. Furthermore, the proposed framework exhibits robust performance across various scenarios which shows its adaptability.
Simulating runoff under changing climatic conditions: Revisiting an apparent deficiency of conceptual rainfall‐runoff models

Hydrologic models have potential to be useful tools in planning for future climate variability. However, recent literature suggests that the current generation of conceptual rainfall runoff models tend to underestimate the sensitivity of runoff to a given change in rainfall, leading to poor performance when evaluated over multiyear droughts. This research revisited this conclusion, investigating whether the observed poor performance could be due to insufficient model calibration and evaluation techniques. We applied an approach based on Pareto optimality to explore trade‐offs between model performance in different climatic conditions. Five conceptual rainfall runoff model structures were tested in 86 catchments in Australia, for a total of 430 Pareto analyses. The Pareto results were then compared with results from a commonly used model calibration and evaluation method, the Differential Split Sample Test. We found that the latter often missed potentially promising parameter sets within a given model structure, giving a false negative impression of the capabilities of the model. This suggests that models may be more capable under changing climatic conditions than previously thought. Of the 282[347] cases of apparent model failure under the split sample test using the lower [higher] of two model performance criteria trialed, 155[120] were false negatives. We discuss potential causes of remaining model failures, including the role of data errors. Although the Pareto approach proved useful, our aim was not to suggest an alternative calibration strategy, but to critically assess existing methods of model calibration and evaluation. We recommend caution when interpreting split sample results.
Enhancing the Photocatalytic Performance of Antibiotics Using a Z-Scheme Heterojunction of 0D ZnIn2S4 Quantum Dots and 3D Hierarchical Inverse Opal TiO2

Limited light absorption and rapid photo-generated carriers’ recombination pose significant challenges to the practical applications of photocatalysts. In this study, we employed an efficient approach by combining the slow-photon effect with Z-scheme charge transfer to enhance the photo-degradation performance of antibiotics. Specifically, we incorporated 0D ZnIn2S4 quantum dots (QDs) into a 3D hierarchical inverse opal (IO) TiO2 structure through a facile one-step process. This combination enhanced the visible light absorption and provided abundant active surfaces for efficient photo-degradation. Moreover, the ZnIn2S4 QDs formed an artificial Z-scheme system with IO-TiO2, facilitating the separation and migration of charge carriers. To achieve a better band alignment with IO-TiO2, we doped Ag into the ZnIn2S4 QDs (Ag: ZIS QDs) to adjust their energy levels. Through an investigation of the different Ag contents in the ZnIn2S4 QDs, we found that the optimal photo-degradation performance was achieved with Ag (2.0): ZIS QDs/IO-TiO2, exhibiting degradation rates 19.5 and 14.8 times higher than those of ZnIn2S4 QDs and IO-TiO2, respectively. This study provides significant insights for elevating the photocatalytic capabilities of IO-TiO2 and broadening its prospective applications.
MIT Open Access Articles Filters With Inductance Cancellation Using Printed Circuit Board Transformers

— Capacitor parasitic inductance often limits the high-frequency performance of filters for power applications. However, these limitations can be overcome through the use of specially-cou-pled magnetic windings that effectively nullify the capacitor parasitic inductance. This paper explores the use of printed circuit board (PCB) transformers to realize parasitic inductance cancellation of filter capacitors. Design of such inductance cancellation transformers is explored, and applicable design rules are established and experimentally validated. The high performance of the proposed inductance cancellation technology is demonstrated in an electromagnetic interference (EMI) filter design.
Survival and Passage of Yearling and Subyearling Chinook Salmon and Juvenile Steelhead at McNary Dam, 2012

The study was designed to evaluate the passage and survival of yearling and subyearling Chinook salmon and juvenile steelhead at McNary Dam as stipulated by the 2008 Biological Opinion and Fish Accords and to assess performance measures including route-specific fish passage proportions, travel times, and survival based upon a virtual/paired-release model. This study supports the USACE’s continual effort to improve conditions for juvenile anadromous fish passing through Columbia River dams.
AN AGENT-BASED DOCUMENT CLASSIFICATION MODEL TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF THE AUTOMATED SYSTEMATIC REVIEW PROCESS

This paper proposes an Agent-based Document Classification (AbDC) model that computerizes the systematic literature review (SLR) process by imitating what a researcher is supposed to perform during the literature review process manually. The AbDC model comprises three main components that perform the SLR. Firstly, the document classification algorithm analyses a full text of research articles and evaluates relevancy. Secondly, the multi-agent architecture accelerates the mining process and handles the performance issues. Finally, the web-based systematic review tool tests and validates the functionality of the proposed AbDC model. The first testing was conducted to assess the performance of the proposed AbDC. Result shows that the required processing time was reduced by 33.5% using four agents to achieve the mining process. Meanwhile, the second testing was performed to validate the mining process results. The text extraction method was run on 200 documents from various studies to conduct the review process. The parsing process yielded valid results with 98.5% accuracy. The testing results showed that the proposed AbDC model is significant in providing researchers and postgraduate students with new means to perform SLR.
Comprehensive Analysis of WGCNA - Derived Cancer Associated Fibroblasts Model For Prognosis, Immune Features, and Candidate Drug Development in LUSC

Cancer-associated �broblasts (CAFs) directly affect the behavior of surrounding cells and reshape extracellular matrix (ECM) in tumor microenvironment (TME) via cell-cell contact, releasing regulatory factors. This study aimed to explore stromal CAF - related genes for prognostic prediction and therapeutic response in LUSC. We downloaded mRNA expression and clinical information of 243 LUSC cases from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and 504 cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to identity the key gene module. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and machine learning methodology were used to construct a prognostic model. The risk score was involved in 5 genes (COL1A2, COL4A1 COL5A1 MMP2,FN1). In addition, a series of methods based on bioinformatics were used and the results indicated the cases in high risk group suffered less survival time, weaker immune response and higher likely to respond to chemotherapeutic agents. Subsequently, we characterized prognostic model by sing-cell sequencing and immunohistochemistry. This �ve - gene prognostic CAF signature may be a potential biomarker for guiding anti - CAFs therapy and a prognostic clue related to CAF for LUSC patients.
Sediment in forested and logged gullies, coastal British Columbia

This study examines sediment storage and transfers in gullies of coastal British Columbia, and how logging affects sediment storage and transfers. Both fluvial and debris flow transport of sediment occur in gullies, and the amount of fluvial transport of sediment which occurs will affect the magnitude of a subsequent debris flow. Coarse woody debris (CWD) may affect the storage and transfer of sediment in the gully channel, and logging can affect the supply and type of CWD. To determine whether logging affects storage and transfer of sediment in gullies, sediment budgets were constructed for gullies in four treatment classes: A. Logged, slash full, no recent debris flows: "slash-full (SF)" B. Logged, slash removed, no recent debris flows : "slash-clear (SC)" C. Logged, naturally scoured by debris flows: "torrented (T)" D. Unlogged, naturally loaded with CWD: "unlogged (U)" Each sediment budget had input to the channel, storage in the channel, and output from the channel estimated. Significant differences between treatment types occurred, summarized below. Treatment classes grouped together in brackets did not have significant differences.
The role of fire in the late Holocene forest decline in semi-arid North China

Based on a sediment core from Lake Hulun Nuur in the semi-arid forest-steppe ecotone in North China, we reconstructed the history of climate change, vegetation development, and fire frequency in this region during the mid- to late Holocene. Four stages were identified: (1) 6300–4900 cal. yr BP, a warm-humid phase dominated by forest vegetation with moderate fire incidence and a gradual drying trend; (2) 4900–4250 cal. yr BP, a warm-dry phase dominated by forest vegetation with increased aridity and high fire occurrence; (3) 4250–1750 cal. yr BP, a gradual drying phase with forest decline and low fire occurrence; and (4) 1750 cal. yr BP–present, a cool-dry phase dominated by steppe with some decrease in aridity. Building on previous studies in this region, the successive timing of forest replacement by steppe along the precipitation gradient in the late Holocene indicates a gradual retreat of the forest margin under climate drying. Vegetation succession was predominantly determined by climate, but forests showed strong resilience to mid-Holocene drought events. Fire was suggested as a triggering disturbance that acted to reduce the resilience of forests to drought and prevent rapid forest recovery under subsequent climatic amelioration. No simple anti-correlation between fire and Pacific monsoon intensity suggested by previous studies was found here, highlighting vegetation as a critical factor for fire occurrence through the accumulation of fuel in the semi-arid region, where vegetation growth is strongly constrained by precipitation.
Traceless Quantitative Imaging Alternatives for Free-Surface Measurements in Natural Streams

Flow measurements provided by the extensive streamgage networks worldwide are crucial for river monitoring in hydrology, fluvial geomorphology, and riverine ecology. However, the current measurements methods are technically outdated and require equipment deployment at the measurement location. An extensive search of new, non-contact technologies, with special emphasis on those pertaining to the new generation of digital instruments, has been pioneered by United States by US Geological Survey that potentially might change the paradigm in stream data collection program. Preliminary tests in field conditions illustrated that the ground penetrating radar (for bathymetry measurements) combined with microwave mono- or bi-static radar (for free-surface velocity measurements) have the potential to yield remotely, non-contact, river discharges in real-time. Another potential candidate for free-surface measurements in the attention of the committee is the Large-Scale Particle Image Velocimetry (LSPIV). LSPIV is a relatively new approach for remote, real-time flow visualization and measurement of the flow free surface based on digital imagery. Among the distinct advantages of LSPIV over other means for river flow estimation are its capabilities to provide instantaneous whole-field velocity vectors and to measure in extreme river flow conditions, i.e., floods, partially icecovered flows, and low velocity flows. Visualization and quantitative measurement of river flow features using LSPIV can be made quickly, with little site preparation or pre-planning, and for extended time spans. The major shortcoming of the LSPIV currently applied in natural settings is the need for seeding of the stream free surface in order to detect its motion. The present paper discusses alternatives for implementation of unseeded LSPIV. Two proof-of-concept tests for implementation of unseeded LSPIV are presented herein. The tests refer to two different flow situations: - fast velocity flows, where a texture of image brightness on the free-surface is present, and - low velocity flows, where there is no texture on the free surface (mirror-like appearance). For the first flow category, the texture is formed by small water waves (5mm to 3 cm wavelenght) naturally occurring on the free surface generated by either wind or the large-scale internal river turbulence. Wind waves appear to dominate for slow rivers while turbulencegenerated waves dominate for fast ones. These patterns are convected with the free surface velocity, maintaining their appearance for short time intervals. The texture of image brightness in the free surface recordings is due to specular reflection produced by small deformations of the water free surface.