Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seasonal variations in the boron isotopic composition of coral: A productivity signal?

Micro‐analysis of a western equatorial Pacific coral across two annual cycles reveals seasonal variation in the boron isotope composition. A heavy boron isotope spike is found coincident with a heavy carbon isotope spike in samples collected from the high density bands in the coral head. The heavy isotope values in both carbon and boron are consistent with high productivity of coral symbionts during periods of high insolation. During these high productivity periods, the symbionts fix carbon and thus produce a residual heavy carbon pool and CO2 depletion. Calcification from the resulting high pH pool results in heavier boron isotope compositions in the coral as the isotopic composition of the aqueous boron species that is incorporated in the coral skeleton (BOH4−) increases with pH. This study suggests that coupled carbon and boron isotope studies may lead to a better understanding of coral calcification processes and a more lucid understanding of coral δ13C records.
Ellipticine and benzo ( a ) pyrene increase their own metabolic activation and detoxication via modulation of expression and enzymatic activity of cytochromes P 450 1 A 1 and 1 A 2 : a comparative study

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Constraints on the movement history of the Carboneras Fault Zone (SE Spain) from stratigraphy and 40Ar–39Ar dating of Neogene volcanic rocks

Abstract The Carboneras Fault Zone (CFZ) of SE Spain separates the volcanic Cabo de Gata terrain to the SE (accumulated over 18 to 6 Ma BP) from the tract of uplifted Alpine metamorphic basement blocks and post-orogenic basins that comprise the Betic Cordilleras to the NW. The CFZ cuts metamorphic basement and folded post-orogenic sediments and volcanic rocks, and acted as a conduit for upper Miocene calc-alkaline volcanic rocks to the surface. NW of the CFZ, unconformities and deformation episodes affect successive sedimentary formations of upper Miocene age (upper Serravallian through Messinian). CFZ movements are constrained stratigraphically by an unconformity within the volcanic sequence. Older, pre-faulting volcanic rocks are uptilted against the CFZ whilst the youngest volcanic rocks step across it. 40Ar–39Ar age determinations on amphibole crysts from the volcanic rocks show the main CFZ movements began 11–12 Ma BP and ended about 6 Ma. Lesser movement rates continue today. The CFZ is interpreted as part of a transform fault system separating NE–SW stretched and NW–SE shortened crust deformed above a southwestward-retreating subducted slab, from a less deformed terrain lying to the SE. Locally, total offset on the CFZ may be up to 40 km but is at least 15 km.
Composition and State of the Core

The composition and state of Earth's core, located deeper than 2,900 km from the surface, remain largely uncertain. Recent static experiments on iron and alloys performed up to inner core pressure and temperature conditions have revealed phase relations and properties of core materials. These mineral physics constraints, combined with theoretical calculations, continue to improve our understanding of the core, in particular the crystal structure of the inner core and the chemical composition, thermal structure and evolution, and possible stratification of the outer core.
A highly eﬃcient constant-voltage triboelectric nanogenerator †

The rapid development of the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence has led to an increase in attention focused on distributed power sources such as triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), however, enhancing the energy output from TENGs is crucial for their large-scale application. Here, a constant-voltage TENG (CV-TENG) based on a phase-shift design is presented to enhance the energy output via converting a conventional pulse-voltage output into a constant-voltage one and decreasing the crest factor to 1.03. The average power is unexpectedly increased 1.9-fold compared with that of a pulse-voltage TENG (PV-TENG) without a phase-shift design. The energy enhancement is even more than 3-fold under a capacitance load in response to a low-frequency input. Furthermore, the dynamic process of charge transfer under a capacitance load is revealed, which gives a theoretical guide to improving the energy-output eﬃciency of a TENG toward 100%. This work provides a paradigm shift when it comes to achieving high-eﬃciency CV-TENGs, and it is of great importance for the acceptance of TENGs as a major form of energy technology.
Kirchhoff migration using eikonal equation traveltimes

The use of ray shooting followed by interpolation of traveltimes onto a regular grid is a popular and robust method for computing diffraction curves for Kirchhoff migration. An alternative to this method is to compute the traveltimes by directly solving the eikonal equation on a regular grid, without computing raypaths. Solving the eikonal equation on such a grid simplifies the problem of interpolating times onto the migration grid, but this method is not well defined at points where two different branches of the traveltime field meet. Also, computational and data storage issues that are relatively unimportant for performance in two dimensions limit the applicability of both schemes in three dimensions. A new implementation of a gridded eikonal equation solver has been designed to address these problems. A 2-D version of this algorithm is tested by using it to generate traveltimes to migrate the Marmousi synthetic data set using the exact velocity model. The results are compared with three other images: an F-X migration (a standard for comparison), a Kirchhoff migration using ray tracing, and a Kirchhoff migration using traveltimes generated by a commonly used eikonal equation solver. The F-X-migrated image shows the imaging objective more clearly than any of themore » Kirchhoff migrations, and the authors advance a heuristic reason to explain this fact. Of the Kirchhoff migrations, the one using ray tracing produces the best image, and the other two are of comparable quality. « less
Assessment of nitrogen losses from urea and an organic manure with and without nitrification inhibitor, dicyandiamide, applied to lettuce under glasshouse conditions

Urea and organic manures such as ‘Garden galore’ (GG) are used to supply nitrogen (N) in vegetable farming and floriculture systems in New Zealand. However, a significant amount of the applied N is lost to the atmosphere via nitrous oxide (N2O) and ammonia (NH3) emissions, and leached to surface and ground water as nitrate (NO3–) contributing to environmental degradation such as global warming and eutrophication. One of the mitigation options to reduce these losses is to use nitrification inhibitors (NI). Glasshouse and laboratory incubation experiments were conducted under controlled moisture and temperature conditions to determine the effects of an NI, dicyandiamide (DCD), on N losses from urea and GG applied to lettuce grown in a Manawatu sandy soil. Nitrogen and DCD were applied at the rates of 9 and 1.3 g/m2, respectively, and the gaseous emission of N2O and NH3 were monitored over a 5-week period using a closed-chamber technique. At the end of the experiment the lettuce plant shoots and roots were harvested, and analysed for N concentration. Soils were leached with deionised water and leachates were analysed for ammonium (NH4+) and NO3–. The results showed greater loss of N as NH3 than N2O and the effect was more pronounced in the case of urea. Addition of DCD significantly reduced N2O emissions from both urea and GG, and increased NH3 emissions from both urea and GG, with the increase being significant only for urea. Addition of DCD maintained higher soil NH4+ concentration and lower NO3– concentration than without DCD. Overall, DCD was effective in reducing N losses of N2O emissions and NO3– leaching. Urea application resulted in shoot tip burning and the symptoms were enhanced with the addition of DCD. There was no significant effect of DCD addition on lettuce yield.
Impact of Agricultural Inputs Use on Productivity of Major Crops in Southern Ethiopia

This invention describes that the rate of input utilization is decisive for productivity growth of considered crops. The invention enhances the productivity of major crops like maize, teff, wheat, barley and sorghum crops. The sample was based on a panel data of (2011, 2013, and 2015) acquired from the Ethiopian socio-economic survey was used. The invention was scientifically analyzed using the basic fixed effect model and dose-response function under exogenous and endogenous treatment models. In the exogenous and endogenous treatment cases, households applying fertilizer have achieved actual different levels of higher outputs than their counterparts. In endogenous treatment, the household applying fertilizer harvested much higher output than those in the counterfactual condition. Moreover, inputs: fertilizer, seed, labor force, and farm capital utilization have a critical impact on the aggregate outputs of considered crops.
Influence of atmospheric turbulence on imaging quality of electro-optical sensors in different climates

During long-term experiments FGAN-FOM measured Cn2 values over land with identical scintillometers in two different climates, in moderate climate in mid-Europe and in arid climate. Since Cn2 usually changes as a function of time-of-day and of season its influence on electro-optical systems can only be expressed in a statistical way. The cumulative frequencies of occurrence were calculated for a time period of one month for different times of the day. The statistical analysis was applied to calculate the effects of atmospheric turbulence on sensor performance like turbulence MTF, the resolution limit due to turbulence and intensity fluctuation. The calculations were performed for a SWIR sensor (active imaging system) and for typical MWIR and LWIR warning sensors. Turbulence MTF were calculated for a slant path of 5 km from the ground to a height of 100 m for upward and downward looking cases. For horizontal paths at a height of 2 m and 30 m the resolution limits due to turbulence were compared with the corresponding diffraction-limited ones. Calculations of the normalized intensity fluctuations were carried out for two slant propagation paths (zenith angle β = 30° and 80°).
A Review on Test Method Development for Motorcycle Autonomous Emergency Braking Systems

: In the passenger car and truck sector, assistance systems that intervene in emergency situations and thus help to improve vehicle safety have already been successfully used for many years. One common example for this are autonomous emergency braking systems (AEB). These are already standard equipment in many passenger cars or even legally required in trucks in the European Union. Although motorcyclists are subject to a high risk of suffering severe or fatal injuries in road traffic, systems that actively intervene in emergency situations are not yet available in the motorcycle sector. One reason for this is that passenger car systems cannot easily be adapted due to the motorcycle specific single-track vehicle dynamics. There are characteristic challenges that set limits to the possible application of actively intervening assistance systems. Exceeding these limits when applying a system like AEB on a motorcycle could result in the occurrence of new critical situations that are no longer controllable for the rider. Still, previous research comes to the conclusion that assistance systems for motorcycles have the potential to increase riding safety and identifies autonomous emergency braking systems for motorcycles (MAEB) as one of the most promising
Case report

We report a case of a 72-year-old man who underwent surgical excision of a keratoacanthoma centri-fugum marginatum (KCM) located on the left forearm. It is an uncommon variant of keratoacanthoma, which can assume large dimensions (up to 20 cm) and does not tend to spontaneous regression. The lesion is usually single, with raised borders, and has progressive centrifugal growth associated with central healing and atrophy. Due to its rarity and lack of pathognomonic histopathological features, KCM can be a diagnostic challenge for dermatologists and pathologists
FACTORS CONTRIBUTED TO JOB SATISFACTION AMONG NURSES WORKING AT TERTIARY HOSPITALS IN THE KLANG VALLEY: AN ADAPTATION OF THE HERZBERG'S THEORY

Job satisfaction is linked to job performance in the workplace, and in the nursing context, it is critical in influencing productivity and patient care quality. The study adapts Herzberg's Theory to determine factors contributing to job satisfaction among nurses working at tertiary hospitals in Klang Valley. A cross-sectional study was conducted, and it involved 403 nurses who work in two public hospitals in Klang Valley. Samples were selected using simple random sampling, and data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire of two parts. Part A contained sociodemographic characteristics, and Part B measured job satisfaction. Descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, t-test, ANOVA, and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) were used. Results of bivariate analyses indicate significant differences in job satisfaction levels concerning age, marital status, year of work experience, and income levels (p < 0.05). When analysed using multiple linear regression, only work experience significantly predicted job satisfaction (p < 0.05). This research expands on empirical findings on nurses’ job satisfaction. In addition, this study is expected to benefit health institutions by providing information to assist policymakers in increasing the participation of nurses in the local workforce.
Lipid-based nanoparticles as oral drug delivery systems: overcoming poor gastrointestinal absorption and enhancing bioavailability of peptide/protein-based drugs

Delivery and formulation of oral therapeutic peptide/protein-based biotechnological drugs have always been a challenge for the pharmaceutical industry. The bioavailability of oral biopharmaceuticals mainly relies on their gastrointestinal solubility and permeability which are affected by their poor membrane penetration, high molecular weight and proteolytic (chemical and enzymatic) degradation resulting in limited delivery and therapeutic efficacy. The present review article highlights the challenges and limitations of oral delivery of therapeutic peptide/protein-based drugs focusing on the application, potential and importance of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructure lipid carriers (NLCs) as lipid-based drug delivery systems (LBDDSs) and their advantages and drawbacks. LBDDSs, due to their lipid-based matrix can encapsulate both lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs, and by reducing the first-pass effect and avoiding proteolytic degradation offer improved drug stability, dissolution rate, absorption, bioavailability and controlled drug release. Furthermore, their small size, high surface area and surface modification increase their mucosal adhesion, tissue-targeted distribution, physiological function and half-life. Properties such as simple preparation, high-scale manufacturing, biodegradability, biocompatibility, prolonged half-life, lower toxicity, lower adverse effects, lipid-based structure, higher drug encapsulation rate and various drug release profile compared to other similar carrier systems makes LBDDSs a promising drug delivery system. Nevertheless, undesired physicochemical features of peptide/protein drug development and discovery such as plasma stability, membrane permeability and circulation half-life remain a serious challenge which should be addressed in future.
The Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Val66met Polymorphism and Variation in Human Cortical Morphology

A variation in the BDNF gene (val66met) affects the function of BDNF in neurons, predicts variation in human memory, and is associated with several neurological and psychiatric disorders. Here, we show that, in magnetic resonance imaging scans of a large sample of normal individuals, this polymorphism affects the anatomy of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, identifying a genetic mechanism of variation in brain morphology related to learning and memory.
The Identification and Analysis of Gas-Related Volcanic Features within Chang'e-5 Landing Region

Chang’e-5 (CE-5) successfully landed on the young basalts area in the northeastern Oceanus Procellarum on 1 December 2020. Recent studies on the CE-5 landing area have shown that the lack of gas-related volcanic morphology indicates that the volatile elements captured in the interior of the Moon within late-stage magma is relatively low. Typical lunar gas-related volcanic features include dark mantle deposits, volcanic pits, irregular mare patches and so on. Based on orbital images, topography, and spectral data obtained from multiple missions restricted by the morphologic and compositional characteristics of typical volcanic explosive features, this study investigated the morphological characteristics of the volcanic features in detail and found that there are three dark mantle deposits (DMDs) near the source area of Rima Mairan that have unusually low albedo and abnormally high titanium and iron content than those of the surrounding material. Combined with M3 spectral analysis, it is shown that DMDs contain some volcanic glass components, which indicates a gas-rich explosive eruption process. In addition to DMDs, irregular mare patches (IMPs) and a volcanic depression/pit have been recognized in this area, both of which indicate a history of gas-related volcanic eruptions. Based on this study and combined with past studies, we determined the volcanic history in the source area of Rima Mairan, including both effusive and explosive volcanic activities.
The Influence of Self-Resilience on Academic Achievement of Accounting Students with Locus of Control as a Moderation

Student academic achievement is a reflection of the quantity and quality of knowledge that students have mastered. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of resilience on the academic achievement of accounting students with locus of control as a moderator. The place where this research was conducted was at the Faculty of Economics and Business, Udayana University. Linear regression analysis is the analysis technique used in this research. The sample for this research was accounting undergraduate students with a sample determination method using the Slovin formula. The type of data used in this research is quantitative data. The data collection technique uses a questionnaire. The research results show that resilience has a significant positive effect on the academic achievement of accounting students by strengthening locus of control as a moderating variable. This research can provide an idea of how high the level of resilience of accounting students is, in order to determine the fighting power and enthusiasm for students to rise up to face life's challenges and determine steps to pay attention to in the learning process in the future, which can form the character of the nation's children who are superior, independent and cultured and resilient in facing future challenges.
Enhancing milk component yields in lactating dairy cows and effects of monensin on the performance of lactating dairy cows fed contemporary diets

In many milk markets across the U.S., milk volume is being managed while milk components are in high demand. This puts more pressure on nutritionists to develop diets that optimize milk fat and protein yields which means several factors related to diet composition, and source of nutrients need to be evaluated. Also, this requires diets that optimize rumen function and efficiency and make sure all requirements are met. There are several dietary factors that positively impact milk components, and this paper will briefly touch on a few of them and then describe a study where the concept of a “modern diet” was evaluated in the context of different levels of monensin and the effects on milk components.
MR Imaging Protocol in Nonsedated Recalled-Echo Sequences in a Rapid Brain Catheters Using Fast Steady-State Gradient Improved Delineation of Ventricular Shunt

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Rapid brain MR imaging is often substituted for head CT in multiply imaged patients with shunted hydrocephalus. Fast TSE-T2 sequences are commonly used in these protocols. One limitation of TSE-T2 sequences is the decreased catheter delineation compared with CT. The aim of this study was to compare fast TSE-T2 with rapid SS-GRE sequences in the evaluation of intracranial shunt catheter delineation as part of a rapid nonsedated pediatric brain MR imaging protocol. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated the findings from 179 consecutive patients who underwent routine clinical imaging according to the rapid nonsedated pediatric brain MR imaging protocol. Comparison of the quality of intracranial shunt catheter localization on SS-GRE versus TSE-T2 was performed. RESULTS: Of the total of 179 rapid nonsedated pediatric brain MR images that were reviewed, 62 (35%) had an intracranial shunt catheter. The shunt catheter tip was better localized on the SS-GRE than on the TSE-T2 images in 49/62 (79%) of these patients. Of the remaining 13/62 (21%), the TSE-T2 was either better or equivalent in localizing the shunt catheter tip. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that rapid SS-GRE sequences can provide better delineation of standard intracranial shunt catheters than standard rapid MR imaging protocols containing only fast TSE-T2 sequences. ABBREVIATIONS
USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS TO ESTIMATE MISSING RAINFALL DATA 1

ABSTRACT: Missing rainfall data from a time series or a spatial field of observations can present a serious obstacle to data analysis, modeling studies and operational forecasting in hydrology. Numerous schemes for replacing missing data have been proposed, ranging from simple weighted averages of data points that are nearby in time and space to complex statistically‐based interpolation methods and function fitting schemes. This paper presents a technique for replacing missing spatial data using a backpropagation neural network applied to concurrent data from nearby gauges. Tests performed on a sample of gauges in the Middle Atlantic region of the United States show that this technique produces results that compare favorably to simple techniques such as arithmetic and distance‐weighted averages of the values from nearby gauges, and also to linear optimization methods such as regression.
Methods and Systems

-The paper is devoted to research on unmanned aerial vehicle navigation using spatial-spectral portraits of the terrain. Such navigation is relevant in the event of failure of global positioning system receivers and other navigation equipment, but its implementation requires the solution of a number of methodological issues. In particular, the effect of illumination changes on the spectral characteristics of objects should be taken into account. The borrowing of satellite solutions using optical patterns is inadequate for low-flying unmanned aerial vehicles and it is more promising to use the service data from the meter display of the spectral sensory equipment of the unmanned aerial vehicle. In this research, an existing method for correction of illumination changes based on the value of LightValue for different cameras in laboratory and field conditions is considered. It has been experimentally established that the dependencies between LightValue and the intensities of color constituents in different cameras are individual in nature. For the correction due to changes in natural light, it is suggested to use experimentally obtained dependences for specific brands of the sensory equipment. When organizing