Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Method for Selecting Appropriate Sounds to Convey Alerts to Train Drivers

The increasing number and variety of sounds emitted inside driving cabs has created the concern that this may distract drivers. A process has been developed to select sounds and information conveyed through spoken messages (speech information) to ensure they reflect a level of warning commensurate with the importance of their content. This selection method was developed on the basis of interviews conducted with people responsible for system design, and tests and surveys carried out with on-board staff. The importance of the information to be conveyed was split into four categories (hazard level) according to the likelihood of an accident and example sounds and speech information were given for each hazard level based on the degree of warning to be impressed on drivers.
The Application of Neutral Landscape Models in Conservation Biology

Neutral landscape models, derived from percolation theory in the field of landscape ecology, are grid‐based maps in which complex habitat distributions are generated by random or fractal algorithms. This grid‐based representation of landscape structure is compatible with the raster‐based format of geographical information systems (GIS), which facilitates comparisons between theoretical and real landscapes. Neutral landscape models permit the identification of critical thresholds in connectivity, which can be used to predict when landscapes will become fragmented. The coupling of neutral landscape models with generalized population models, such as metapopulation theory, provides a null model for generating predictions about population dynamics in fragmented landscapes. Neutral landscape models can contribute to the following applications in conservation: (1) incorporation of complex spatial patterns in (meta)population models; (2) identification of species’ perceptions of landscape structure; (3) determination of landscape connectivity; (4) evaluation of the consequences of habitat fragmentation for population subdivision; (5) identification of the domain of metapopulation dynamics; (6) prediction of the occurrence of extinction thresholds; ( 7) determination of the genetic consequences of habitat fragmentation; and (8) reserve design and ecosystem management. This generalized, spatially explicit framework bridges the gap between spatially implicit, patch‐based models and spatially realistic GIS applications which are usually parameterized for a single species in a specific landscape. Development of a generalized, spatially explicit framework is essential in conservation biology because we will not be able to develop individual models for every species of management concern.
A Fiber-Optic Borehole Seismic Vector Sensor System for Geothermal Site Characterization and Monitoring

Seismic techniques are the dominant geophysical techniques for the characterization of subsurface structures and stratigraphy. The seismic techniques also dominate the monitoring and mapping of reservoir injection and production processes. Borehole seismology, of all the seismic techniques, despite its current shortcomings, has been shown to provide the highest resolution characterization and most precise monitoring results because it generates higher signal to noise ratio and higher frequency data than surface seismic techniques. The operational environments for borehole seismic instruments are however much more demanding than for surface seismic instruments making both the instruments and the installation much more expensive. The current state-of-the-art borehole seismic instruments have not been robust enough for long term monitoring compounding the problems with expensive instruments and installations. Furthermore, they have also not been able to record the large bandwidth data available in boreholes or having the sensitivity allowing them to record small high frequency micro seismic events with high vector fidelity. To reliably achieve high resolution characterization and long term monitoring of Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) sites a new generation of borehole seismic instruments must therefore be developed and deployed. To address the critical site characterization and monitoring needs for EGS programs, US Department of Energymore » (DOE) funded Paulsson, Inc. in 2010 to develop a fiber optic based ultra-large bandwidth clamped borehole seismic vector array capable of deploying up to one thousand 3C sensor pods suitable for deployment into ultra-high temperature and high pressure boreholes. Tests of the fiber optic seismic vector sensors developed on the DOE funding have shown that the new borehole seismic sensor technology is capable of generating outstanding high vector fidelity data with extremely large bandwidth: 0.01 – 6,000 Hz. Field tests have shown that the system can record events at magnitudes much smaller than M-2.6 at frequencies up to 2,000 Hz. The sensors have also proved to be about 100 times more sensitive than the regular coil geophones that are used in borehole seismic systems today. The fiber optic seismic sensors have furthermore been qualified to operate at temperatures over 300°C (572°F). Simultaneously with the fiber optic based seismic 3C vector sensors we are using the lead-in fiber to acquire Distributed Acoustic Sensor (DAS) data from the surface to the bottom of the vector array. While the DAS data is of much lower quality than the vector sensor data it provides a 1 m spatial sampling of the downgoing wavefield which will be used to build the high resolution velocity model which is an essential component in high resolution imaging and monitoring. « less
Markov Sampling

A discrete parameter stochastic process is observed at epochs of visits to a specified state in an independent two‐state Markov chain. It is established that the family of finite dimensional distributions of the process derived in this way, referred to as Markov sampling, uniquely determines the stochastic structure of the original process. Using this identifiability, it is shown that if the derived process is Markov, then the original process is also Markov and if the derived process is strictly stationary then so is the original.
Mathematical Models to Determine the Metabolic Energy Consumption of Stoop and Squat Lifting

Abstract. An experiment to develop mathematical models for estimating metabolic energy for manual lifting works is presented. Four male and four female workers were selected as subjects of the experiment. Three load weights, three lifting levels and two lifting postures were investigated for both male and female subjects. The male subjects have to lift three level of load weight; 2, 6 and 10 kg respectively. For the reason of the acceptable weight of lift, the load weights for female subjects were reduced to 2, 4 and 6 kg. All of the load had to be lifted for all of three lifting level: from the floor to the level of 55 cm height, from the floor to the level of 76 cm height, and from 55 cm to the level of 76 cm height. Two lifting postures were provided; stoop lift and squat lift. During the experiment, metabolic energy and heart rate of the subjects were recorded. Based on the result of the experiment, four mathematical models have been developed. The comparison to Garg formulas showed that the estimated metabolic energy by mathematical models for stoop and squat lifting were 13.0% and 23.9% lower than Garg formulas. Keywords. Ergonomics, manual lifting, metabolic energy
Embedded o‐minimal structures

We prove the following two theorems on embedded o‐minimal structures: Theorem 1. Let ℳ ≺ 풩 be o‐minimal structures and let ℳ* be the expansion of ℳ by all traces in M of 1‐variable formulas in 풩, that is all sets of the form φ(M, ā) for ā ⊆ N and φ(x, ȳ) ∈ ℒ(풩). Then, for any N‐formula ψ(x1, …, xk), the set ψ(Mk) is ℳ*‐definable. Theorem 2. Let 풩 be an ω1‐saturated structure and let S be a sort in 풩eq. Let 풮 be the 풩‐induced structure on S and assume that 풮 is o‐minimal. Then 풮 is stably embedded.
Food‐Processing Wastes

As the world economy goes through turbulent times and food processors in developing nations face greater need for their products, finding ways to economically handle wastes while reusing previously unusable by-products has become much more important. While research continues to focus on end-of-pipe solutions to acute needs imposed by regulatory agencies and the environment, research has begun to focus much more than before on ways to reuse and recover resources. This review is organized into major segments of the food processing industry, with solid wastes from these industries grouped into one subsection at the end of the review.
Adaptive Identification and Control for Underwater Vehicles: Theory and Comparative Experimental Evaluations

This Thesis reports several novel algorithms for state observation, parameter identification, and control of second-order plants. A stability proof for each novel result is included. The primary contributions are adaptive algorithms for underwater vehicle (UV) plant parameter identification and model-based control. Where possible, comparative experimental evaluations of the novel UV algorithms were conducted using the Johns Hopkins University Hydrodynamic Test Facility. The UV adaptive identification (AID) algorithms reported herein estimate the plant parameters (hydrodynamic mass, quadratic drag, gravitational force, and buoyancy parameters) of second-order rigid-body UV plants under the influence of actuator forces and torques. Previous adaptive parameter identification methods have focused on model-based adaptive tracking controllers; however, these approaches are not applicable when the plant is either uncontrolled, under open-loop control, or using any control law other than a specific adaptive tracking controller. The UV AID algorithms reported herein do not require simultaneous reference trajectory-tracking control, nor do they require instrumentation of linear acceleration or angular acceleration. Thus, these results are applicable in the comii
DESIGN OF POWER EFFICIENT DOUBLE TAIL DYNAMIC COMPARATOR

In recent years, there has been an increasing demand for high-speed digital circuits at low power consumption. This need for ultra-low-power, area efficient and high speed analog-to-digital converters is pushing toward the use of dynamic regenerative comparators to maximize speed and power efficiency. So in this paper, an analysis on the power of the dynamic comparators will be presented with respect to proposed comparator. All these analysis is done Micro wind software.
Logical adaptation to modern technology: snowmobile revolution in Sápmi

New technology is increasingly visible in indigenous societies since technologization of everyday life is one of the most central features of the modern society. Technology refers in this context mainly to technological objects (snowmobiles), values (cultural and ethical), and the fi eld of activities and skills (for instance, know-how about technological devices and their use under diff erent circumstances). Other aspects, such as masculinisation of technology, science and technological progress, and economic and ecological consequences, are le# out here.
Damage prediction in polymeric composites: Up-date of Part(A) of the Third World-Wide Failure Exercise (WWFE-III)

A high profile international activity is currently underway to assess the maturity of well established methodologies for the prediction of damage (matrix cracking and delamination) and ultimate failure in composite laminates. The activity is known as the 3 World-Wide Failure Exercise (WWFE-III). The predictions are made 'blindly' by the originators of those well established methodologies, who accepted an invitation to take part in the exercise. The organisers of the WWFE-III have provided the participating groups (originators) with comprehensive material property data and a full description of 13 challenging Test problems to be solved and used in their analysis. In this paper, an up-date is given regarding the progress made by the participants for applying their models to solve the specified Test Cases. A wide variety of approaches have been implemented and some of the results are described briefly. Copyright ©? QinetiQ Ltd 2011.
Pesticides and Herbicides

ANALYTICAL METHODS Thorstensen and Christiansen (2001) describe methods for the extraction of bentazone, dichlorprop, and MCPA from soils of different texture. All methods gave recoveries of greater than 80%. Caldas et al. (2001) propose a new reaction system for the purification and complexation of CS2 for the determination of dithiocarbamate fungicide residues in food. Vetter et al. (2001) determined the structure of a persistent heptachlorobornane in toxaphene, B7-1000. This structure validates pervious predictions of persistence based on structure-activity relationships, chromatographic properties, and molecular modeling. A semiautomatic multiresidue method based on solid-phase extraction with a silica column was used to determine pesticide residue in lyophilized fruits (Colume et al., 2001). Numerous researchers used liquid chromatographic techniques to analyze for pesticides in various media. Phenyl urea herbicides were determined in water by electrospray quadrupole ion trap liquid chromatographymass spectrometry (Draper, 2001). Detection limits were established between 8.0 and 36 ng L. Bicchi et al. (2001) reports on an HPLC-UV method for determining daminozide residues in apple pulp. Debrauwer et al. (2001) identified the major metabolites of prochloraz in rainbow trout using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Through this analysis it was determined that trout are able to biotransform prochoraz primarily as glucuronide conjugates. Kontou et al. (2001) developed an HPLC-PDA method for the determination of ethylenethiourea, the main degradation product of the organic Literature Review 2002
Effects of Pollution on Freshwater Organisms

This review includes works published in the general scientific literature during 2010 on the effects of anthropogenic pollutants on freshwater organisms. It begins with two broad sections: research reviews and broad field studies and surveys. This is followed by reviews of research categorized in sections to reflect the pollutant class. These sections include wastewater, stormwater and non‐point source pollution, nutrients, sediment cap materials and suspended clays, botanical extracts, surfactants, metals, persistent organic pollutants, pharmaceuticals, endocrine disruptors, pesticides, petroleum hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), ionic liquids, and nanomaterials. The final section includes works describing innovations in the field of freshwater pollution research.
Computational design of interfaces : mitigating He damage in nuclear fusion applications

In order for nuclear fusion to be a feasible source of energy, materials must be developed that are resistant to the damaging byproducts of a fusion reaction. One of these byproducts is He, that is implanted into the plasma facing wall of the reactor. Once implanted, it causes irreparable damage due to it's insolubility in the material: the He cannot escape in a non-destructive manner. In this thesis, an interface in a layered metal nanocomposite is designed to have desirable precipitation properties, specifically that He precipitates will link up to form stable, continuous pathways. Once in these channels, the He may still migrate within the channels themselves. Thus, channels that terminate at free surfaces may enable controlled He removal via outgassing, thereby averting He-induced damage. In this thesis, computational methods are developed for identifying promising interfaces that give rise to He channels and for modeling He network behaviors at these interfaces. These models are then applied to materials systems of interest to determine if elongated precipitates arise. Finally, experimental results are presented that support computational predictions that Cu-V interfaces result in linear helium channels. Thesis Supervisor: Michael J. Demkowicz Title: Associate Professor
Effects of Pollution on Marine Organisms

EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ON MARINE ORGANISMS Donald J. Reish, Philip S. Oshida, Alan J. Mearns, Thomas C. Ginn, Michael Buckman Papers reviewed herein are limited to the biological, chemical and physical effects of environmental disturbance, natural and anthropogenic, on marine and estuarine plants and animals. The world wide literature is reviewed including textbooks, conference proceedings and reviews. A special feature is a tabular listing of the body burden of inorganic and organic contaminants on plants and animals. The effects of pollution on individual species and communities are included. Changes at the cellular and subcellular level caused by contaminants are reviewed. GENERAL Reviews dealt with various aspects of ecotoxicity. Species sensitivity in toxicology wand its application to regulation was examined by Posthuma et al. (2002). The second edition of the handbook of ecotoxicology was edited by Hoffman et al. (2002). This edition focused on toxic substances and how they effect the environment. Toxicology as viewed from a chemical and biochemical perspective included reviews by Manahan (2002) and Garrigues et al. (2002). Risk assessment in the coastal and estuarine waters was addressed by Newman et al. (2002). The use of foraminifera as a monitoring organism for examining coastal environments was reviewed by Scott et al. (2002). Caroli et al. (2002) summarized the environmental conditions in Antarctica with emphasis on contamination of the surrounding oceanic waters. CONCENTRATIONS OF TOXICANTS IN MARINE ORGANISMS The concentrations of high molecular weight PAHs in mussels and oysters from the three coasts of the United States were compared to those from the French Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea coasts. The data for PAHs were similar from both countries (Beliaeff et al. (2002). Neff (2002) reviewed the literature on bioaccumulation of elements and compounds in marine organisms. Emphasis was directed towards bioaccumulation from oil well produced water. Since the dilution of produced water is rapid, toxic concentrations from metals did not occur and it was rare for organic chemicals to reach toxic concentrations at the point of discharge. Lichtenegger et al. (2002) found that the jaws of the polychaete Glycera utilize a copper-based biomineral Literature Review 2003
Modeling, development and control of multilevel converters for power system application

The main goal of this project is to develop a multilevel converter topology to be useful in power system applications. Although many topologies are introduced rapidly using a bunch of switches and isolated dc sources, having a single-dc-source multilevel inverter is still a matter of controversy. In fact, each isolated dc source means a bulky transformer and a rectifier that have their own losses and costs forcing the industries to avoid entering in this topic conveniently. On the other hand, multilevel inverters topologies with single-dc-source require associated controllers to regulate the dc capacitors voltages in order to have multilevel voltage waveform at the output. Thus, a complex controller would not interest investors properly. Consequently, developing a single-dc-source multilevel inverter topology along with a light and reliable voltage control is still a challenging topic to replace the 2-level inverters in the market effectively. The first effort in this project was devoted to the PUC7 inverter to design a simple and yet efficient controller. A new modelling is performed on the PUC7 inverter and it has been simplified to first order system. Afterwards, a nonlinear cascaded controller is designed and applied to regulate the capacitor voltage at 1/3 of the DC source amplitude and to generate 7 identical voltage levels at the output supplying different type of loads such as RL or rectifier harmonic ones. In next work, the PUC5 topology is proposed as a remedy to the PUC7 that requires a complicated controller to operate properly. The capacitor voltage is regulated at half of dc source amplitude to generate 5 voltage levels at the output. Although the 7-level voltage waveform is replaced by a 5-level one in PUC5 topology, it is shown that the PUC5 needs a very simple and reliable voltage balancing technique due to having some redundant switching states. Moreover, a sensor-less voltage balancing technique is designed and implemented on the PUC5 inverter successfully to work in both stand-alone and gridconnected mode of operation. Eventually, a modified configuration of the PUC5 topology is presented to work as a buck PFC rectifier. The internal performance of the rectifier is like a buck converter to generate stepped down DC voltages at the two output terminals while the grid sees a boost converter externally. As well, a decoupled voltage/current controller is designed and applied to balance the output voltages identically and synchronize the input current with grid voltage to have a PFC operation acceptably. A power balance analysis is done to show the load variation range limit. All the theoretical and simulation studies are validated by experimental results completely.
Three‐dimensional chemical model simulations of the ozone layer: 1979–2015

One‐year simulations of stratospheric chemistry are performed in a general‐circulation model (GCM). A fairly comprehensive description of stratospheric chemistry is included in a state‐of‐the‐art GCM which has been extended to the middle mesosphere. The predicted ozone concentration is used in the model radiation scheme, thereby coupling the dynamical and chemical processes. Simulations commence on 1 March in each of the years 1979, 1994, 1999, 2004, 2009 and 2014, and consist of a 4 month spin‐up period, followed by a 1‐year integration. Past and projected values of halogen amounts and greenhouse gases (GHGs) are imposed on the model. The results for 1979–80 and 1994–95 are generally in good agreement with observations, indicating in the latter case a deep Antarctic ozone hole and some Arctic ozone loss. For the 1979 simulation only a very shallow ozone hole was simulated, in agreement with observations. In about the year 2005, the Antarctic ozone hole reaches its maximum size and globally averaged ozone reaches its minimum, depending on the month. Tropical ozone continues to decrease until about 2010. Results in the Arctic are dominated by interannual variability, but minimum ozone may not be attained until the year 2010. The results suggest that the increase in GHGs is delaying the onset of ozone recovery. Relative to 1980 conditions, the model changes in ozone result in small predicted increases in surface ultraviolet radiation in the Arctic and mid‐latitude summer but large increases in the tropics and in the Antarctic summer.