Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
From competition to cooperation: Kin selection against selfish shade avoidance behaviour promotes plant invasions

There is conflicting evidence from studies on the fitness consequences of plant kin interactions, suggesting that kinship is not the only important factor in determining the outcome of kin interaction. Here, we tested whether density‐dependent kin interactions have evolved from competition to cooperation by kin selection of reduced shade avoidance responses following the introduction of an invasive plant. We measured how plants respond to kin neighbours (the same accession) and simulated vegetation shade (lower PPFD and R:FR ratio treatments using transparent green plastic filters) and determine whether shade avoidance responses affect the outcome of kin interactions using five native (Argentina) and five invasive (USA) accessions of Alternanthera philoxeroides. Our results showed that invasive accessions exhibited constant stem elongation but increased total biomass as canopy density increased, while native accessions exhibited the opposite. Furthermore, invasive accessions reduced stem elongation, but increased biomass and defence allocation in response to an experimental treatment causing a low R:FR ratio, while native accessions exhibited the opposite. Synthesis . Our results support the hypothesis that kin selection against shade avoidance may effectively promote the evolution of density‐dependent kin cooperation. This suggests that kin selection pressures may play a more important role in fine‐tuning plant shade avoidance responses than generally thought. Kin selection against selfish shade avoidance behaviour and release from negative density‐dependent regulation provides a new mechanism to explain plant invasion success for future studies.
Nonconservation of Multiplication and Division Involving Decimals.

It has been firmly established that a pupil's choice of operation for the solution of a single-operation word problem is often affected by the types of numbers in the problem (Bell, Fischbein, & Greer, 1984; Bell, Swan, & Taylor, 1981; Fischbein, Deri, Nello, & Marino, 1985; Hart, 1981). A more specific observation is that a choice of different operations occurs even when two problems differing only in the numbers involved are juxtaposed and attention is drawn to the similarity between them (Ekenstam & Greger, 1983). Although several examples have been cited in the literature, such nonconservation of operations remains to be explored in more depth. Existing research affords four overlapping perspectives on the phenomenon.
Diagnostic Validity and Reliability of Low-Dose Prospective ECG-Triggering Cardiac CT in Preoperative Assessment of Complex Congenital Heart Diseases (CHDs)

For the precise preoperative evaluation of complex congenital heart diseases (CHDs) with reduced radiation dose exposure, we assessed the diagnostic validity and reliability of low-dose prospective ECG-gated cardiac CT (CCT). Forty-two individuals with complex CHDs who underwent preoperative CCT as part of a prospective study were included. Each CCT image was examined independently by two radiologists. The primary reference for assessing the diagnostic validity of the CCT was the post-operative data. Infants and neonates were the most common age group suffering from complex CHDs. The mean volume of the CT dose index was 1.44 ± 0.47 mGy, the mean value of the dose-length product was 14.13 ± 5.4 mGy*cm, and the mean value of the effective radiation dose was 0.58 ± 0.13 mSv. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy of the low-dose prospective ECG-gated CCT for identifying complex CHDs were 95.6%, 98%, 97%, 97%, and 97% for reader 1 and 92.6%, 97%, 95.5%, 95.1%, and 95.2% for reader 2, respectively. The overall inter-reader agreement for interpreting the cardiac CCTs was good (κ = 0.74). According to the results of our investigation, low-dose prospective ECG-gated CCT is a useful and trustworthy method for assessing coronary arteries and making a precise preoperative diagnosis of complex CHDs.
Observation of strain relaxation phenomena in buried and nonburied III–V surface gratings through high resolution x-ray diffraction

We present high-resolution x-ray diffraction studies describing the evolution of the strain relaxation phenomena in a strained InGaAsP surface grating resulting from burying in InP. We have compared reciprocal space maps of symmetrical and asymmetrical reflections from free-strain gratings, strained surface gratings, and strained buried gratings. After burying, modifications in the coherently and diffusely scattered intensity have been observed indicating the counteraction of the embedding material to the laterally nonuniform strain relaxation, which occurs in free-surface (nonburied) strained grating.
Ancient Athens and Modern Ideology: Value, Theory and Evidence in Historical Sciences

For over a century the foundations of Athenian political economy have been debated by scholarly camps broadly described as primitivist/substantivist, modernist and Marxist and involving political economists, sociologists and anthropologists as well as historians and classicists. Ancient Athens and modern ideology demonstrates the dialectic of intellectual and substantive history and offers a consensual resolution to the debate by examining the interplay of values, theories and evidence in the contributions of Max Weber (1864-1920), Karl Polanyi (1886-1964) and Moses Finley (1912-86), widely recognised as successive champions of the primitivist cause. Pursuing Finley’s own ‘official’ account of his intellectual roots and hegemonic perspective, the book starts with Weber and Polanyi and ends by finding the actual views of all three far more complex than generally assumed by their followers and critics. Through systematic scrutiny and contextualisation of tensions in their work arising from the resistance of facts ancient and modern to theories and the varied dissonance of both with ideological priorities the case for a radical reconsideration of the debate and its protagonists is argued. The book concludes with an account of Athenian developments and institutions which draws on recent scholarship associated with modernism and Marxism as well as primitivism. The work’s interdisciplinary approach and multidisciplinary scope will be of major interest to all concerned with the historical sciences in the broad sense of the term.
Si–Ge interdiffusion in strained Si/strained SiGe heterostructures and implications for enhanced mobility metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors

Si–Ge interdiffusivity in epitaxial strained Si∕Si1−yGey/strained Si/relaxed Si1−x0Gex0 heterostructures is extracted for Ge fractions between 0 and 0.56 over the temperature range of 770–920°C. Boltzmann-Matano analysis is applied to determine interdiffusivity from diffused Ge profiles in strained Si/relaxed Si1−x0Gex0 heterostructures [L. Boltzmann, Wiedemanns Ann. Phys. 53, 959 (1894) and C. Matano, Jpn. J. Phys. 8, 109 (1933)]. A model for the interdiffusivity suitable for use in the process simulator TSUPREM-4 is constructed. Si–Ge interdiffusivity increases by 2.2 times for every 10% increase in Ge fraction for interdiffusion in strained Si/relaxed Si1−x0Gex0 samples. Significantly enhanced Si–Ge interdiffusion is observed for Si1−yGey layers under biaxial compressive strain. Si–Ge interdiffusivity is found to increase by 4.4 times for every 0.42% increase in the magnitude of biaxial compressive strain in the Si1−yGey, which is equivalent to a decrease in the Ge percentage in the substrate by 10at. %.
A Two-Cylinder Model of Cumulus Cells and Its Application in Computing Cumulus Transports

Abstract A two-cylinder model suitable for computing vertical transports in cumulus cells is formulated. The model includes explicit computation of perturbation pressure and allows the study of the evolution of raindrop size spectra. Sensitivity tests were performed to determine the response of the model to different assumptions. Analysis of the moisture and heat budgets yields information on the effect of cumulus convection on the larger scale environment. Results of applying the model to a computation of heat and mass transports by cumulus cells are presented. Comparison of the present results for Boston in the month of July with those obtained by Houze (1973) indicates that the two models give comparable total heat transports in the region of the cloud column. The level of maximum heat transport is noticeably lower in the present computation.
The Asymmetry of the Large-Scale Structures in Turbulent Three-Dimensional Wall Jets Exiting Long Rectangular Channels

The development of the large-scale structures in three-dimensional wall jets formed using long rectangular channels with aspect ratios of 1 and 4 was investigated using measurements of the fluctuating wall pressure and point measurements of the turbulent velocity throughout the near and intermediate field. The instantaneous pressure fluctuations in both jets were laterally asymmetric causing the fluctuating wall pressure to be poorly correlated across the jet centerline. A frequency-dependent proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) of the fluctuating pressure measurements indicated that the first two mode shapes were opposite and each mode made similar contributions to the mean square fluctuations at all frequencies in order to capture the instantaneous asymmetry of the pressure field. The mode shapes in the intermediate field of both jets were strongly frequency dependent, and a subsequent wavelet analysis indicated that there are both large-scale horseshoe structures that span one-half of the jet and separate, smaller, near-wall structures located near the jet centerline. The initial development of the large-scale structures in the two jets differed, with the most energetic fluctuations being more antisymmetric in the square jet.
Three-Dimensional Thermo-Mechanical Elastic Analysis of Functionally Graded Five Layers Composite Sandwich Plate on Winkler Foundations

In this work, the first shear deformation theory (FSDT) is used for the thermo-mechanical analysis of a simply supported five-layer functionally Graded (FG) sandwich plate resting on a Winkler elastic foundation. The sandwich plate consists of five layers (two functionally graded face sheets (AL−AL2O3), with aluminum (Al) as the metal and Alumina (AL2O3) as ceramic phases. Two vinyl ester adhesive layers bond the face sheets to an Elastollan core. The governing equations are obtained using the principle of virtual displacements. A uniform distributed load q with constant magnitude is applied on the top face sheet while all layers experience a steady temperature equal to T. We adapted layerwise theory (LT) to solve each layer’s stress distribution. Navier solution is employed to produce the semi-analytical solution results, which are compared with those of three-dimensional finite element analysis obtained by ABAQUS software. A parametric study is presented to observe the effect of the material gradation, variation in plate dimensions, variation in the thermo-mechanical load, and elastic foundation on the deflections and stresses in the functionally graded sandwich plate. For a composite sandwich plate with mechanical load, in the absence of thermal load, results of the first-order shear layer theory obtained by using the Navire method are relatively good in comparison to the normal stresses obtained for investigated points, which are obtained by finite element.
Diurnal variations in natural light conditions at summer time in arctic and subarctic areas in relation to light detection in insects

Measurements of daily variations in the intensity, spectral composition and polarization of the direct and the indirect sunlight are presented, and the physics of light propagation through the atmosphere is discussed. Observations of daily changes in these properties of the skylight are presented from two different locations in Norway. Probable adaptations of the light detection systems of insects living at high latitudes are predicted from the observations. The adaptation processes under consideration are (1) changes in the light absorption characteristics of the visual pigments, (2) changes in the visual sensitivity to light and (3) a switch in Zeitgeber from the daily intensity changes to changes in the spectral composition of the light in polar regions. It is shown that in particular the intensity ratio between the ultraviolet and the green part of the diffuse light is well suited as a Zeitgeber for insects living at high latitudes.
An Evaluation Process for IoT Platforms in Time-Sensitive Domains

Determining the temporal behavior of an IoT platform is of utmost importance as IoT systems are time-sensitive. IoT platforms play a central role in the operation of an IoT system, impacting the overall performance. As a result, initiating an IoT project without the exhaustive knowledge of such a core software piece may lead to a failed project if the finished systems do not meet the needed temporal response and scalability levels. Despite this fact, existing works on IoT software systems focus on the design and implementation of a particular system, providing a final evaluation as the validation. This is a risky approach as an incorrect decision on the core IoT platform may involve great monetary loss if the final evaluation proves that the system does not meet the expected validation criteria. To overcome this, we provide an evaluation process to determine the temporal behavior of IoT platforms to support early design decisions with respect to the appropriateness of the particular platform in its application as an IoT project. The process defines the steps towards the early evaluation of IoT platforms, ranging from the identification of the potential software items and the determination of the validation criteria to running the experiments and obtaining results. The process is exemplified on an exhaustive evaluation of a particular mainstream IoT platform for the case of a medical system for patient monitoring. In this time-sensitive scenario, results report the temporal behavior of the platform regarding the validation parameters expressed at the initial steps.
Scheme for approximate conditional teleportation of an unknown atomic state without the Bell-state measurement

We propose a scheme for approximately and conditionally teleporting an unknown atomic state in cavity QED. Our scheme does not involve the Bell-state measurement and thus an additional atom is unnecessary. Only two atoms and one single-mode cavity are required. The scheme may be used to teleport the state of a cavity mode to another mode using a single atom. The idea may also be used to teleport the state of a trapped ion.
Patient comfort discussing sensitive behavioral health topics

ABSTRACT Background : Following implementation of routine screening for depression in primary care, screening for other behavioral health issues is expanding. However, prior to implementing additional screening it is important to consider patient comfort answering sensitive questions related to behavioral health topics to determine screening acceptability and effectiveness. Methods : A self-report survey was completed by U.S. adults over the age of 18 (n = 378) using Amazon Mechanical Turk. The survey assessed comfort discussing demographics, physical health, behavioral health, oral health, and living conditions with medical providers. Comfort levels of behavioral health topics were compared to comfort discussing depression symptoms and reasons for discomfort discussing topics were also surveyed. Results : There were significant differences in comfort level discussing various behavioral health issues (F(8) = 51.70, P < . 001). Participants reported being more comfortable discussing cigarette smoking and less comfortable discussing trauma, intimate partner violence (IPV) and gun ownership compared to depression. Privacy and perceived irrelevance were the most common reasons for discomfort. Conclusions : Accurate indices of patient behavioral health are essential for patient care. However, patients may be uncomfortable discussing some topics such as trauma, IPV, and gun ownership that patients view as private and/or unrelated to their treatment. Patient comfort may increase through provider trainings that focus on communication skills training, clear administrative procedures that allow for privacy and adequate time for discussions, and community education that underscores how these issues impact physical health.
The Combined Effect of Beetroot Peel Extract, Chilling, and Vacuum Packaging on the Shelf-Life of Deccan Mahseer (Tor khudree) Steaks

ABSTRACT The effect of beetroot peel extract (BPE) on the quality of vacuum-packed fresh mahseer steaks (Tor khudree) was evaluated under chilled conditions (2°C) over a period of 15 days. Liquid chromatography mass-spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis was used to quantify BPE for the characterization of phenolic and flavonoid compounds. The fish samples were analyzed for sensory, biochemical, and microbiological parameters. Treatments included the following: CtAP (control samples, untreated: air packed), CtVP (control samples, untreated: vacuum packed), and BtVP (vacuum packed, treated with BPE 20% v/v). When comparing CtAP and CtVP mahseer steaks to BtVP mahseer steaks, the total plate count was higher, followed by the Enterobacteriaceae count. Based on the changes in quality indices, beetroot peel extract treated steaks showed significant (P < 0.05) control over lipid oxidation and microbial growth compared to CtAP and CtVP steaks throughout the storage. As per the sensory analysis, air-packed steaks were found to have a shelf life of about 9 days; vacuum-packed steaks were found to be acceptable for 12 days, whereas beetroot peel extract treated vacuum-packed steaks were acceptable for 18 days. Consequently, vacuum-packaging in combination with BPE treatment was found to delay the spoilage phenomenon, thereby increasing the shelf life of mahseer steaks.
Microbiome and Metabolome Insights into the Role of the Gastrointestinal–Brain Axis in Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s Disease: Unveiling Potential Therapeutic Targets

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the prevalence of which is rapidly rising due to an aging world population and westernization of lifestyles, are expected to put a strong socioeconomic burden on health systems worldwide. Clinical trials of therapies against PD and AD have only shown limited success so far. Therefore, research has extended its scope to a systems medicine point of view, with a particular focus on the gastrointestinal–brain axis as a potential main actor in disease development and progression. Microbiome and metabolome studies have already revealed important insights into disease mechanisms. Both the microbiome and metabolome can be easily manipulated by dietary and lifestyle interventions, and might thus offer novel, readily available therapeutic options to prevent the onset as well as the progression of PD and AD. This review summarizes our current knowledge on the interplay between microbiota, metabolites, and neurodegeneration along the gastrointestinal–brain axis. We further illustrate state-of-the art methods of microbiome and metabolome research as well as metabolic modeling that facilitate the identification of disease pathomechanisms. We conclude with therapeutic options to modulate microbiome composition to prevent or delay neurodegeneration and illustrate potential future research directions to fight PD and AD.
An End-to-End Automated License Plate Recognition System Using YOLO Based Vehicle and License Plate Detection with Vehicle Classification

An accurate and robust Automatic License Plate Recognition (ALPR) method proves surprising versatility in an Intelligent Transportation and Surveillance (ITS) system. However, most of the existing approaches often use prior knowledge or fixed pre-and-post processing rules and are thus limited by poor generalization in complex real-life conditions. In this paper, we leverage a YOLO-based end-to-end generic ALPR pipeline for vehicle detection (VD), license plate (LP) detection and recognition without exploiting prior knowledge or additional steps in inference. We assess the whole ALPR pipeline, starting from vehicle detection to the LP recognition stage, including a vehicle classifier for emergency vehicles and heavy trucks. We used YOLO v2 in the initial stage of the pipeline and remaining stages are based on the state-of-the-art YOLO v4 detector with various data augmentation and generation techniques to obtain LP recognition accuracy on par with current proposed methods. To evaluate our approach, we used five public datasets from different regions, and we achieved an average recognition accuracy of 90.3% while maintaining an acceptable frames per second (FPS) on a low-end GPU.
Effective phonon bottleneck in the carrier thermalization of InAs/GaAs quantum dots

Received 29 January 2008; revised manuscript received 20 June 2008; published 20 August 2008We present a detailed study of the dependence of the spectral characteristics of quasiresonantly excitedInAs/GaAs quantum dots on electronic structure, temperature, and hydrogen content. Multiphonon resonancesdominate the resonantly excited emission spectra. Such multiphonon resonances are attributed to the compe-tition between two different channels ruling carrier thermalization in an ensemble of quantum dots: decaybetween polaronic states and efﬁcient nonradiative intradot decay. This supports an effective “phonon bottle-neck” in quantum dots, which is only partially relaxed by the presence of a fast polaron thermalization channel.DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.78. 085313 PACS number s : 78.67. Hc, 73.21. La, 63.20. kd
SOMOS SEQUENCES, CONTINUED FRACTIONS,AND HYPERELLIPTIC CURVES(Analytic Number Theory and Surrounding Areas)

I detail the continued fraction expansion of the square root of a monic polynomials of even degree. In the quartic and sextic cases I observe explicitly that parameters appearing in the continued fraction expansion yield integer sequences deﬁned by relations instancing sequences of Somos type. Because each step in the expansion corresponds to addition by the divisor at inﬁnity on (the Jacobian of) the relevant curve I recover the link between Somos sequences and the $ \mathrm{c}$ -ordinates of the multiples of a point on certain curves.
Robust creation of arbitrary-sized Dicke states of trapped ions by global addressing

We propose a technique for the creation of maximally entangled symmetric Dicke states in an ion trap using adiabatic passage, which requires only a pair of chirped pulses from a single laser and is applicable to any number of ions and excitations. By utilizing a particular factorization of the Hilbert space for multilevel ladders we show that the problem can be reduced to ``bow-tie''-configuration energy-level crossings. This technique is naturally robust against fluctuations in the laser intensity and the chirp rate. Even when realistic heating rates are considered, we estimate that the overall fidelity should remain high (e.g., 98% for a ten-ion Dicke state), which represents a significant improvement over traditional approaches.