Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of the Degree of Beak Trimming on the Performance of White Leghorns

iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . v DEDICATION . vii TABLE OF CONTENTS . viii LIST OF TABLES . xi LIST OF FIGURES . xiii 1.0 INTRODUCTION . 1 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW . 3 2.1 Background . 3 2.2 Factors Affecting Feather Pecking and Cannibalism . 4 2.2.1 Group Size and Stocking Density. 5 2.3 Anatomy and Pain Perception. 8 2.3. 1 Beak Anatomy and the Healing Process . 8 2.3. 2 Phases of Pain . 9 2.3. 3 Chronic Phase . 10 2.4 Methods of Beak Shortening . 11 2.4. 1 Hot-Blade . 11 2.4. 2 Infrared Treatment . 12 2.4. 3 Bio-Beak . 13 2.4. 4 Laser . 14 2.5 Beak Re-Growth and Re-Treatment . 16 2.6 Trimming Age . 16 2.7 Bird Behaviour Post Treatment . 17 2.8 Behaviour . 19 2.8. 1 Eating and Drinking . 19 2.8. 2 Exploratory Behaviours . 19 2.8. 3 Aggressive Behaviours . 21 2.8. 4 Maintenance (Comfort) Behaviours . 22 2.9 Supplementing Beak Trimming Techniques . 23 2.9. 1 Light Intensity . 24 2.9. 2 Genetics of Feather Pecking . 24 2.9. 3 Enriched Cages . 25 2.9. 5 Nutrition . 27 2.10 Conclusion . 28
Adapting the Tuning Programme Profiles to the Needs of Russian Higher Education

This article considers how TUNING-compatible programme profiles could be developed in the Russian Federation in the context of: on-going reform of the higher education; introduction of the new generation of Federal State Educational Standards (FSES); development of the new professional standards; implementation of a system of public accreditation of educational programmes; and a complex system of educational quality assessment. It also analyses the results of monitoring of the effectiveness of FSES implementation in the system of Russian higher education by the Association of the Classical Universities of Russia (ACUR) that identified a number of problems in the area of programme design and implementation related to drawbacks within the current FSES. Based on the experience gained during the implementation of the TUNING RUSSIA Project (2010-2013), this article demonstrates the usefulness of the TUNING basic principles and approaches and suggests the ways TUNING profile development methodology might be successfully adapted and applied for designing educational programmes in the course of the Russian higher education reform. Creating TUNING-model degree profiles may be crucial to aid the Russian higher education institutions in the development of the new educational programs. Brief but all-encompassing formulation of the aims and outcomes and specific characteristics of an educational programme, listing competences and learning outcomes could permit higher education institutions to move from trying to comply with standards and requirements, which are sent from above but are foreign to the institutions themselves, to adopting the principle of transparency and designing better and more competitive degrees. Published online : 4 July 2014
Plane Strain on Band Structures and Photoelectric Properties of 2D monolayer MoSi2N4

Two-dimensional (2D) monolayer MoSi2N4 has attracted widespread attention due to its excellent carrier transport capacity and chemical stability. However, relationship between its photoelectric properties and applied plane strain has not been thoroughly explored. The effect of plane strain on band structures and photoelectric properties of two-dimensional monolayer MoSi2N4 is revealed by the plane-wave ultrasoft pseudopotentials. The results show that the monolayer MoSi2N4 is an indirect band gap semiconductor. Its top of valance band is dominated by Mo4d orbitals and partly contributed by N2p orbitals, while its bottom of conduction band is mainly contributed by Mo4d orbitals. Under tensile strain, band gap of monolayer MoSi2N4 narrows gradually and effective mass of photogener-ated carriers decreases continuously. Under compressive strain, the band gap widens gradually and the effective mass increases slowly. It is worth noting that a compressice strain (ε=-2.8%) results in transition form indirect to direct band gap. Optical absorption of monolayer MoSi2N4 exhibits obvious anisotropy, whose edge shifts in different degree under the plane strain, effectively expanding the spectral response range of the system and beneficial to the 第*期 袁 罡, 等: 平面应变对二维单层 MoSi2N4 能带结构和光电性质的影响 2 photoelectric properties. These results provide a theoretical guidance for further research on the application of 2D mono-layer MoSi2N4 in the field of new tunable nano optoelectronic devices.
Reactive power sharing and voltage restoration in islanded AC microgrids

: Microgrids (MG) are a new and innovative concept in modern distribution networks. Several challenges are associated with the operation and control of MG networks. Active and reactive power sharing among energy resources interfaced through power electronic conversion stages is a major challenge. Although active power sharing can be achieved under varying scenarios, sharing of reactive power between distributed generation units is diﬀicult to achieve. This paper presents a novel and innovative control scheme to ensure sharing of reactive power between Distributed generation units within an autonomous, islanded AC microgrid. A framework composed of novel multiagent moving average estimators is proposed to make the participating nodes share active and reactive power among themselves. Detailed case studies are carried out in MATLAB and Simulink environment to verify the eﬀicacy of the proposed control scheme. Furthermore, a lab scale MG set up is implemented to verify the operation of the control scheme in an MG environment. that discusses reactive power balancing in inverter-based island microgrids for effective reactive power sharing and simultaneous voltage recovery. Furthermore, the control scheme is made resilient to communication link delays and latencies. This paper presents a test MG structure and simulations of case studies are carried out to determine the eﬀicacy of the suggested methodology. The suggested control scheme is compared against conventional power sharing and restorative control for microgrids. A comparative discussion among conventional consensus-based controls, the quasi-average technique and the multiagent moving average method is made for completeness to this thesis. This comparison reveals that while both the suggested methods are superior to the conventional consensus-based control schemes in practice so far, the multiagent moving average method shows better results than the quasi-average method in terms of accuracy and faster convergence. To further establish the eﬀicacy of the suggested control methods, experimental studies are conducted on the limited scale MG set up developed in our lab. The experimental results further reflect the suggested control method’s relative superiority over other conventional consensus-based control methods used for MG control.
Violet light modulates the central nervous system to regulate memory and mood

Light stimuli from the external environment serves as a signal. Photoreceptors receive photons at the outer nuclear layer of the retina. Non-visual photoreceptors, such as opsin5 (also known as OPN5 or neuropsin), are expressed in the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and hypothalamus to regulate the circadian cycle and body temperature. Here, we show that violet light (VL) stimuli received by OPN5-positive RGCs are transmitted to the habenula brain region. VL improves memory in aged mice and simultaneously increases neural architecture-related genes such as oligodendrocyte-related genes in the hippocampus. In addition, VL improves depressive-like behaviors in the social defeat stress model in an OPN5 dependent manner. Following VL exposure, cFos activation is observed at the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and the paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PVT). Taken together, the results indicate that violet light modulates brain function such as memory and mood by transmitting the signal from RGCs to the habenula region in the brain.
A computer interface for controlling the ROV mission in scientific survey

In this paper is described an interface with high-level facilities for full mission management of remotely operated vehicle (ROV) and scientific instrumentation (SI). The system provides complete edit/debug/execute cycle support besides the capability of task cooperation and synchronization with SIs. The users have the possibility of describing, testing and repeating generic procedures through an interactive use of ROV course. This means a significant time saving with relative reduction of risks and increases the 'solving power' for unexpected events.
Regional analysis of climate projections using Bias Corrected spatial disaggregated super-resolution convolutional neural networks

Climate change is very crucial for ecological systems and society. But Global climate models run at coarse spatial resolution which is difficult to do regional analysis. Regional-scale projections can be obtained by a technique called statistical downscaling which uses past data to find out the high resolution and low-resolution mapping. There are many methods for statistical downscaling of climate data: 1) Conventional methods 2) Deep learning architecture. Some of the existing works like DeepSd downscaled High-resolution climate projections but in such cases, Global climate model (GCM) data suffers from concept drift, change of mapping between input and label over time. So applying these deep learning models is not a good idea for statistical downscaling. In my study, I have developed new approach of downscaling which outperforms other deep learning architectures like super-resolution convolutional neural network (SRCNN), Long short term memory network (LSTM) in terms of accuracy and reliability. These existing models focus on minimizing the root mean square error (RMSE ) and do not take care of the tails or extremes. Therefore the objective function of these models should be changed other than root mean square error (RMSE). My proposed model focuses on both means and extremes. I provide a comparison between proposed and other existing deep learning models in downscaling daily precipitation and temperature from 1.25 to 0.25 resolution over India. I have downscaled 6 Global climate model (GCM) models in our comparative study.
Design and Characterization of Novel Millimeter-Wave MEMS CPW Transmission Lines

The design and development of novel microelectromechanical systems’ (MEMS) coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission lines, using microshield and groove, are presented in the paper to operate between 5–60 GHz. The quasi-static capacitances of CPW are calculated using the conformal mapping technique to express the propagation properties, i.e., the characteristic impedance and effective permittivity. Simulation results have shown a considerable loss reduction to levels that compare favorably with the conventional CPW. These transmission lines can be widely used in the development of phase shifters, filters, and antennas, because of their advantages in loss reduction and improvement in the performance.
Matrix stiffening in the formation of blood vessels

Angiogenesis, the process where new blood vessels form from existing vasculature, is essential for the successful integration of most tissue-engineered constructs and is dysregulated in many diseases, including cancer. To be functional, the newly formed vasculature must have similar structure and integrity as existing blood vessels, both of which are dependent upon mechanical and chemical cues from the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). ECM stiffness has emerged as a critical extracellular parameter that can modulate capillary network formation and barrier integrity. Moreover, matrix stiffness can alter how endothelial cells respond to soluble, angiogenic factors released by stromal cells, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In this review, we will discuss how matrix stiffness can affect the formation and structure of angiogenic vessels, and we will highlight the role of this work in the development of therapeutics to treat angiogenesis in cancer. Knowledge of the governing parameters for vessel formation is critical to the intelligent design of materials made to foster blood vessel growth for tissue-engineering applications and pharmaceuticals designed to intervene with newly formed vasculature in diseased tissue.
Microfabricated All-Around-Electrode AC Electro-osmotic Micropump

This thesis presents the fabrication and characterisation of AC electro-osmotic micropumps with a simple design and velocity generation enhanced by about four times with respect to devices with simpler designs. Electro-osmosis is a convenient and effective method to pump liquids without the need for moving components. The implementation of valveless micropumps is important for the realisation of safe and robust biomedical devices, which require long-term reliability. AC electro-osmosis has the advantage, over other kinds of pumping strategies, of being implementable with relatively simple geometries and fabrication processes. Moreover, it uses low voltages and avoids undesired phenomena such as electrolysis, thus being suitable for the implementation in implantable devices that should operate in a closed environment. Whereas AC electro-osmotic pumps presented in the literature exploit planar electrode designs and fail to generate good values of velocity and pressure, the prototypes presented in this work have electrodes patterned all around the pumping channel and can generate much larger values. Moreover, with respect to other improved prototypes based on 3D electrode geometries, our devices are simpler to fabricate and give comparable enhancements of the performances. In this work, we present the development of the all-around-electrode devices and give a theoretical explanation for the measured improvements in velocity generation. The fabrication process is carried out in the cleanroom by depositing Ti/Pt electrodes on pre-structured Pyrex substrates and requires only three lithographic steps. The performances of the fabricated devices are characterised as a function of the applied voltage and frequency, and the dynamic behaviour of the prototypes is studied using the Fourier transform. In order to evaluate the suitability of the pumps for biomedical fluids, the dependence of velocity generation on the concentration of the pumped solution is also addressed. Finally, we show that the fabrication process can be adapted to an industrial batch manufacture requiring lower costs by substituting the Pyrex substrates with thin plastic foils. All-around-electrode micropumps can be successfully fabricated by patterning metal electrodes onto 12-µm-thick plastic foils and the costs might be further reduced by substituting the metal structures with inkjet-printed conductive-polymer electrodes.
Improving the operation of 3-phase diode rectifiers using an asymmetrical half-bridge DC-link active filter

The PWM asymmetrical half-bridge is used to control the output current of a three-phase diode rectifier with a capacitor smoothed output voltage. The controlled-current function provided by the bridge improves the performance of the rectifier by lowering the low frequency ripple in the diode rectifier output current and by maintaining a balanced AC supply current when the AC supply voltage is unbalanced. The two-switch asymmetrical bridge can be designed with low per-unit voltage ratings, typically 15%, and can guarantee equal current sharing between parallel rectifiers. The higher conduction losses introduced by the bridge is offset by the improved diode rectifier performance, the low voltage devices used in the bridge, and the use of smaller L-C filter components. Balanced UPF sinusoidal supply currents can be obtained by using a three-phase bi-directional Y-switch and two asymmetrical half-bridges to separately control the output currents at both the diode rectifier output terminals. The asymmetrical bridge switches are exposed to only half the rectifier output voltage and the three-phase Y-switch has very low rms per-unit current ratings.
The immunity to RF interference of a CAN system

A Rover 820Si equipped with a controller area network (CAN) was tested for radio frequency susceptibilities in the EMC chamber at Rover Gaydon Test Centre. The car was configured in turn with two different types of twisted pair wire and a flat pair for the CAN data bus. Each type of wire was tested in the chamber at a range of frequencies and with various antenna positions. The CAN data was collected and stored on a commercially available PC based network analyzer for later analysis. The author describes the method of preparation and testing of this vehicle, with an overview of the results of this test which are very encouraging for the future of CAN.
Challenges in the Electromagnetic Design of Multiphase Machines: Winding and Equivalent Circuit Parameters

The usage of multiphase electrical drives expands the operation possibilities of electrical machines and opens new directions of research on inverter-fed electrical machines. With an increasing number of phases, the standard approach of the electromagnetic design of machines has to be generalized to m-phase systems, which is not usually respected in the literature focused on electric machine design, and it is rarely published. This paper summarizes the specific problems linked with the design of machines with different numbers of phases, focusing on the winding design and the calculation of equivalent circuit parameters. In addition to the direct effect of different numbers of phases, the impact of injecting higher order time harmonic components on the electromagnetic design of electric machines is analyzed. The obtained analytical results are verified by the measurement of a nine-phase experimental induction motor.
Generic Model‐Based Systems Engineering Methodology

This paper presents a Generic Model‐Based Systems Engineering (G‐MBSE) approach based on an application of generic systems engineering principles. Firstly, these principles are defined, described and illustrated in more detail. Important artefacts are introduced that describe and characterise a system, e.g. system hierarchy, black box and white box system descriptions. Secondly, a generic systems engineering process is described within the context of a customised V‐Model variant. This process is then augmented with a model‐based validation/verification process to help reduce uncertainty and rework with the later design implementation. Ideally, model‐based validation/verification should eliminate most of the deficiencies from, and confirm suitability of the solution/specification. Thirdly, some examples of typical artefacts required for a generic model‐based implementation are presented, which have to be supported by a tool‐based approach. Finally, an appraisal concludes feasibility of the proposed approach, ready for tool support.
Elevation Mechanisms and Diagnostic Consideration of Cardiac Troponins under Conditions Not Associated with Myocardial Infarction. Part 2

This article proceeds with a discussion of the causes and mechanisms of an elevation in cardiac troponins in pathological conditions not associated with acute myocardial infarction. The second part of the article discusses the causes and mechanisms of cardiac troponins elevation in diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, hereditary cardiomyopathies, cardiac arrhythmias (atrial fibrillation, supraventricular tachycardia), acute aortic dissection, and diseases of the central nervous system (strokes, subarachnoidal hemorrhage). The final chapter of this article discusses in detail the false-positive causes and mechanisms of elevated cardiac troponins.
The Agile Development of High-Speed Response Air Gauging Technology

A new dimensional air gauging technology was successfully developed using the steepest improvement approach. The steepest improvement technique was fashioned for the continuous never-ending improvement of the compensating air gauges, and it can lead the investigative process quickly along the path of steepest improvement to a better air gauging system. Several very different air gauge designs with progressively improved dynamic performance were discovered, reducing the setting time from 118 to 10 ms. The procedure concluded with a proposal for a completely novel air gauging system for further investigation.
Tween® Preserves Enzyme Activity and Stability in PLGA Nanoparticles

Enzymes, as natural and potentially long-term treatment options, have become one of the most sought-after pharmaceutical molecules to be delivered with nanoparticles (NPs); however, their instability during formulation often leads to underwhelming results. Various molecules, including the Tween® polysorbate series, have demonstrated enzyme activity protection but are often used uncontrolled without optimization. Here, poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) NPs loaded with β-glucosidase (β-Glu) solutions containing Tween® 20, 60, or 80 were compared. Mixing the enzyme with Tween® pre-formulation had no effect on particle size or physical characteristics, but increased the amount of enzyme loaded. More importantly, NPs made with Tween® 20:enzyme solutions maintained significantly higher enzyme activity. Therefore, Tween® 20:enzyme solutions ranging from 60:1 to 2419:1 mol:mol were further analyzed. Isothermal titration calorimetry analysis demonstrated low affinity and unquantifiable binding between Tween® 20 and β-Glu. Incorporating these solutions in NPs showed no effect on size, zeta potential, or morphology. The amount of enzyme and Tween® 20 in the NPs was constant for all samples, but a trend towards higher activity with higher molar rapports of Tween® 20:β-Glu was observed. Finally, a burst release from NPs in the first hour with Tween®:β-Glu solutions was the same as free enzyme, but the enzyme remained active longer in solution. These results highlight the importance of stabilizers during NP formulation and how optimizing their use to stabilize an enzyme can help researchers design more efficient and effective enzyme loaded NPs.
Influence of sound source recognition on annoyance judgment.

Research on annoyance usually focuses on the annoyance estimation of the perceived acoustic signal. It disregards the fact that the basic aim of the auditory system is the detection of the properties of the sound source and not the sound signal itself. In this study the annoyance caused by a tram and a bus and two pairs of artificially modified original recordings has been investigated under two experimental conditions. In the first, subjects judged the noise annoyance of the original signals (the tram and bus) together with two modified sound sources (a tram-like bus and a bus-like tram). In the second, the original signals were judged together with another pair of modified sound sources (a tram-like noise and a bus-like noise). The tram-like bus and bus-like tram signals were created in the way that hybrid instruments are built, while the tram-like noise and bus-like noise were simply white noise shaped in accordance with the power spectrum envelope of the original signals. Although both types of modified signals had the same power spectra and time patterns as the original signals, the tram-like bus and bus-like tram signals were more similar in their effect on annoyance judgments to the original recordings than the tram-like noise and bus-like noise signals. It is shown that the same acoustic characteristics of signals, including the calculated loudness, does not necessarily entail the same annoyance judgments. The annoyance judgments of two original signals - the tram and bus - obtained in the two psychoacoustic experiments were not the same. A possible explanation of this phenomenon is discussed.