Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hydrated Minerals on Asteroids: The Astronomical Record

Knowledge of the hydrated mineral inventory on the asteroids is important for deducing the origin of Earth's water, interpreting the meteorite record, and unraveling the processes occurring during the earliest times in solar system history. Reflectance spectroscopy shows absorption features in both the 0.6-0.8 and 2.5-3.5 micrometers regions, which are diagnostic of or associated with hydrated minerals. Observations in those regions show that hydrated minerals are common in the mid-asteroid belt, and can be found in unexpected spectral groupings, as well. Asteroid groups formerly associated with mineralogies assumed to have high temperature formation, such as M- and E-class asteroids, have been observed to have hydration features in their reflectance spectra. Some asteroids have apparently been heated to several hundred degrees Celsius, enough to destroy some fraction of their phyllosilicates. Others have rotational variation suggesting that heating was uneven. We summarize this work, and present the astronomical evidence for water- and hydroxyl-bearing minerals on asteroids.
On extension of classical Baer results to Poisson algebras

In this paper we prove that if P is a Poisson algebra and the n-th hypercenter (center) of P has a finite codimension, then P includes a finite-dimensional ideal K such that P/K is nilpotent (abelian). As a corollary, we show that if the nth hypercenter of a Poisson algebra P (over some specific field) has a finite codimension and P does not contain zero divisors, then P is an abelian algebra.
Wisdom of The Crowd

This paper studies a market for new projects with endogenous information acquisition by experts (venture capitalists). It nds that the crowd-like behavior of experts is characteristic of investments in new elds where prospects of new projects are unknown but correlated and experts independently collect small bits of information: each expert acquires a signal about a project and invests when the signal is favorable. Given that the projects are related many experts are likely to invest when the projects are promising. The paper shows that uninformed investors at IPOs trust the crowd of experts and follow it: booms with high IPO prices occur when many experts are selling their projects because this conveys positive information about the projects. The analysis highlights that a critical mass of independent experts with the necessary expertise in a particular industry is essential for an active market for new projects to emerge: if experts are few each of them can manipulate the market by investing at random and driving the projects' prices up. Outside investors at IPOs anticipate this and do not follow the experts. As a result the IPO market for new projects ceases to exist which in turn discourages experts to start new projects.
Near-infrared-absorbing Photodetectors Based on Naphtho[1,3,2]oxazaborinine-type Dibenzo-BODIPY Dyes

The steep demand for developing photodetector with NIR absorption led us to prepare monolayer devices composed of indium tin oxide, NIR dibenzo-BODIPYs with naphtho[1,3,2]oxazaborinines 1 or 2 , and Al were fabricated. When 1-loaded device was irradiated with 800 nm light at a fluence of 130 μW cm−2, an on-to-off current ratio of 4.44 × 102 was produced at a 1 V bias potential, with a dark current density of 8.49 × 10−9 A cm−2. This excellent light-associated cycle of photocurrent production and non-productions warrants further investigation as a high-resolution photodetector in image sensing applications.
AJA2100007 1..6

Purpose: In the field of audiology, auditory processing disorder (APD) continues to be a topic of ongoing debate for clinicians and scientists alike, both in terms of theory and clinical practice. In the current viewpoint, we first lay out the main issues that are central to the controversy surrounding APD, and then suggest a framework toward their resolution. Method: The current viewpoint is informed by reviewing existing studies in the field of APD to better understand the issues contributing to the controversies in APD. Results: We found that, within the current definition of APD, the two main issues that make the APD diagnosis
A more representative community of ecologists.

How do students discover ecology? Answering this question is essential for diversifying the environmental workforce because scientific disciplines, such as ecology, are often not discovered until students enter academia and are exposed to different disciplinary options. Ecology, and many of the environmental sciences, have persistent and alarmingly low numbers of underrepresented minorities (URM; African American, Hispanic American, Native American, and Pacific Islanders), while other science and technology fields have shown progress in diversification. Why does such underrepresentation persist in environmental disciplines? Social factors such as sense of belonging, science identity, implicit biases, and stereotypes all have been explored and are known to influence the participation of URM students in science. The unique role of the field experience in environmental sciences as a “rite of passage” and “authentic” research experience is one important influence on how URM students experience ecology. Interventions using social elements such as belonging and sense of place are demonstrated ways to broaden participation particularly in environmental science fields, yet dramatic underrepresentation still persists. Here we review known factors affecting and enhancing the recruitment and retention of URMs in the sciences and focus on comprehensive strategies shown to be effective recruiting URM students into the environmental workforce.
Von der Variabilität des Begehrens zur Variabilität des Geschlechts

Zusammenfassung Die Autorin wagt eine Hypothese zur Frage, warum es im letzten Jahrzehnt zu einer signifikanten Zunahme von Frau-zu-Mann-Transsexuellen gekommen ist. Sie stellt die Frage, ob diese Entwicklung als zeitgeschichtliches Phänomen verstanden werden könnte und schlägt vor diesem Hintergrund einen Bogen von dem Kampf um die Anerkennung der Vielfalt des Begehrens zum Kampf um die Vielfalt des Geschlechts. Vor einem feministischen Hintergrund greift sie auf Christina von Brauns Arbeit zu anorektischen Frauen zurück, die die Anorexie als Auflehnung gegen die kulturelle Form von Weiblichkeit versteht. Könnte die Zunahme transsexuellen Begehrens von jungen Transmännern heute ähnlich verstanden werden, nämlich als Verwerfung von Weiblichkeit in einer Gesellschaft, in der Frauen nach wie vor der Zugang zur (Definitions-)Macht massiv erschwert wird?
Gambaran Kekerasan dan Penghayatan Imajinatif dalam Beberapa Karya Sastra Indonesia dan Perancis

Description of violence against women in world literature has been found for long. As a social institution, it has proved itself as a significant medium to reflect problems of humanity, particularly the practice of violence against women. On the other hand, what the novelists depict can be regarded as a social critic or social control against what is happening around, besides as an imaginative insight of moral values or of ideology, even as a sort of therapeutic form. Violence itself appears in various forms, some explicitly described, others in perfect diguise.
A Novel Axis HIF1A/miR-1271-5p/lncRNA PTTG3P/YAP1 Contributes to Colorectal Cancer Progression and Relates to an Immune-suppressing Microenvironment

Background Pseudogene has emerged as key regulators of important biological processes involved in human cancers. However, the PTTG3P biological function in colorectal cancer (CRC) needs further to be clarified. Methods qRT-PCR was adopted to measure the PTTG3P expression in different cell line and CRC tissues. Cellular localization of PTTG3P was detected by subcellular fractionation assay. In vitro and in vivo experiments were carried out to explore the bioeffect of PTTG3P in CRC cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), luciferase assay and RIP were explored to certify the direct binding of PTTG3P and microRNA. Results PTTG3P was upregulated in CRC and closely related to poor prognosis. Through gain and loss of function approaches, PTTG3P facilitated proliferation and glycolysis through YAP1, and glycolysis inhibitor (2-DG,3-BG) and LDHA knockdown could rescue cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Mechanically, miR-1271-5p modulates PTTG3P expression and miR-1271-5p mimics could recover the PTTG3P function. Also HIF1A increased PTTG3P expression in both normoxia and hypoxia conditions by ameliorating miR-1271-5p expression. In addition, silencing PTTG3P decreases the level of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, and low PTTG3P expression relates with CD8+ T, NK and TFH cells infiltration. Conclusions Our findings verified the oncogenic function of PTTG3P in assisting the cell proliferation and glycolysis, demonstrating the pivotal roles of HIF1A/miR-1271-5p/lncRNA PTTG3P/YAP1 in CRC progression, which proposes a novel approach for clinical treatment.
A MULTI-REWARD STOCHASTIC MODEL FOR THE COMPLETION TIME OF PARALLEL TASKS *

This paper deals with the analysis of the completion time of parallel tasks executed on a system experiencing random variation of its performance capacity versus time. The time behavior of the sy~tem configuration is modelled by a homogeneous Markov chain, and the effective rate of service of each task is represented by a vector of reward rates superimposed to the structure state process. This unified framework forms a Multi-Reward Markov Model MRMM. The paper discusses the modelling capabilities of M RM M with reference to a simple example.
The Road Not Taken: Agricultural Trade without the GATT/WTO

The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), and its successor the World Trade Organization (WTO) are often heralded as the most successful multilateral institutions in the post-war era (Bagwell and Staiger 2002, Bhagwati 1992, Irwin 1995). For more than 60 years, the GATT/WTO set out to foster a rules-based trading system for mutually advantageous trade among member countries. While economic theory and the founding principles of the GATT/WTO stand in stark contrast to economic nationalism, it is not clear what international (agricultural) trade would look like in a world without the WTO. Building on the foundations of Grant and Boys (2012), this article provides a comprehensive assessment of the counterfactual case of international agri-food trade in an international economy where economic nationalism gains momentum or countries retreat from upholding their WTO commitments. Incorporating recent theoretical and empirical advances in estimation of the gravity equation explaining bilateral trade flows, and using both parametric and non-parametric approaches, we quantify what would have been the level of global agricultural trade had developed and developing countries not participated in the WTO essentially reversing decades of multilateral cooperation on market access. These results provide further evidence that participating in multilateral trade agreements has brought benefits in facilitating trade between signatories of those agreements through reducing the costs of trade, and providing market access benefits.
Size determination of trophic level in Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) from the Gulf of Maine and Georges Bank stocks using stable isotope analysis

1 Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) has historically been an important commercial and 2 recreational fish species in New England. There are two main stocks: the Gulf of Maine (GOM) 3 and Georges Bank (GB) which are considered inshore and offshore, respectively. Stable isotope 4 analysis of N was conducted on tissues to gain insights into the trophic level and diet of the 5 fish. This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that stable isotope analysis of different 6 tissues would significantly differ by stock, and that the size of the fish would predict the trophic 7 level the fish was feeding at. All fish examined were from the GOM or GB stocks; we used two 8 location parameters (stock and statistical area) and tested their interaction with δN separately. 9 Three different tissues were used for isotope analysis: caudal fin clips, muscle, and otoliths. By 10 analyzing three statistical models, we found that the more specific location parameter, statistical 11 area, was part of a significant interaction with total length and tissue type that influences δN; 12 stock did not have a significant influence on any relationship. Total length by itself was not a 13 significant variable affecting δN; other studies have confirmed it is more indicative of food 14 web interactions than species trophic level. Testing between tissue type showed that otolith δN 15 measurements were significantly different from fin clips and muscle tissue; this could have 16 impacts on archaeological studies. The baseline of variation for the δN of each tissue type was 17 determined, but further validation with more samples is needed. 18 19 20 21 22
Investigating the Effects of Double Deep Q-Learning in Video Game Environment

Over the past decade, the advancement of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has shown a great potential towards creating autonomous systems capable of understanding the surrounding world without supervision. This dissertation aims at examining the performance of Double Deep Q-Learning (DDQN) and Deep Q-Learning (DQN) techniques with different epsilon decay strategies on the learning and performance of a RL agent in a video gaming environment. Three AI agents including Deep-Q Network (baseline model) using decaying epsilon greedy strategy, Backward Q-Learning using greedy approach and Double Deep Q-Learning using sinusoidal exploration decay are trained and evaluated in different environments of a popular arcade-style game called Flappy Bird. The performance of the agents are measured using standard metrics such as maximum/average score and number of training iterations to achieve the best score.
Cooperative Spectrum Sensing using DQN in CRN

Abstract —It is imperative to address the problem of spectrum under usage and inefficiency because of the increasing spectrum demand and slender spectrum resources. One of the salient functions of cognitive radio is spectrum sensing which is used to avoid the interference of the unlicensed secondary users with licensed primary users and spot the available spectrum for enhancing the spectrum usage. The frequency band that a secondary user can utilize without interfering with any licensed primary users are called spectrum holes. Cooperative sensing is a remedy to improve the sensing performance, in which secondary users (SUs) cooperate among themselves to sense the spectrum and find the spectrum holes. Here we propose a deep reinforcement learning based spectrum sensing to discover the spectrum holes. We implement a deep reinforcement learning based method called Deep Q-Network (DQN) to find the spectrum holes. The secondary users (SU) uses the DQN to find the vacant channels in the spectrum effectively. The secondary user (SU) senses the spectrum associated with a single primary user (PU). The spectrum is sensed and the spectrum holes are detected to satisfy the requirement of the secondary user (SU). It is imperative to address the problem of spectrum under usage and inefficiency because of the increasing spectrum demand and slender spectrum resources. One of the salient functions of cognitive radio is spectrum sensing which is used to avoid the interference of the unlicensed secondary users with licensed primary users and spot the available spectrum for enhancing the spectrum usage. The frequency band that a secondary user can utilize without interfering with any licensed primary users are called spectrum holes. Cooperative sensing is a remedy to improve the sensing performance, in which secondary users (SUs) cooperate among themselves to sense the spectrum and find the spectrum holes. Here we propose a deep reinforcement learning based spectrum sensing to discover the spectrum holes. We implement a deep reinforcement learning based method called Deep Q-Network (DQN) to find the spectrum holes. The secondary users (SU) uses the DQN to find the vacant channels in the spectrum effectively. The secondary user (SU) senses the spectrum associated with a single primary user (PU). The spectrum is sensed and the spectrum holes are detected to satisfy the requirement of the secondary user (SU).
Original Contribution Grape seed proanthocyanidins inhibit UV-radiation-induced oxidative stress and activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling in human epidermal keratinocytes

Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced oxidative stress has been implicated in various skin diseases. Here, we report the photoprotective effect of grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPs) on UV-induced oxidative stress and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and NF-κB signaling pathways using normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK). Treatment of NHEK with GSPs inhibited UVB-induced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and DNA damage in NHEK and scavenged hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anions in a cell-free system. GSPs also inhibited UVB-induced depletion of antioxidant defense components, such as glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione. As UV-induced oxidative stress mediates activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, we determined the effects of GSPs on these pathways. Treatment of NHEK with GSPs inhibited UVB-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 proteins of the MAPK family at the various time points studied. As UV-induced H2O2 plays a major role in activation of MAPK proteins, NHEK were treated with H2O2 with or without GSPs and other known antioxidants, viz. (�)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, silymarin, ascorbic acid, and N-acetylcysteine. It was observed that H2O2-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 was decreased by these antioxidants. Under identical conditions, GSPs also inhibited UVB-induced activation of NF-κB/p65, which was mediated through inhibition of degradation and activation of IκBα and IKKα, respectively. Together, these results suggest that GSPs could be useful in the attenuation of UV-radiation-induced oxidative stress-mediated skin diseases in human skin.
Using Bifurcations for Diversity in Differentiable Games

Ridge Rider (RR) is an algorithm for ﬁnding diverse solutions to optimization problems by following eigenvectors of the Hessian (“ridges”). RR is designed for conservative gradient systems (i.e., settings involving a single loss function), where it branches at saddles – the only relevant bifurcation points . We generalize this idea to non-conservative, multi-agent gradient systems by identifying new types of bifurcation points and proposing a method to follow eigenvectors with complex eigenvalues. We give theoretical motivation for our method – denoted Game Ridge Rider (GRR) – by leveraging machinery from the ﬁeld of dynamical systems. Finally, we empirically motivate our method by constructing novel toy problems where we can visualize new phenomena and by ﬁnding diverse solutions in the iterated prisoners’ dilemma, where existing methods often converge to a single solution mode.
An Improved Approach for Stress Detection Using Physiological Signals

Stress is a major problem in society. Prolonged stress can lead to ill-health and a decrease in self-confidence. It is necessary to detect stress at an early stage to prevent its adverse effects on our physical and psychological health. The paper presents a stress detection model using physiological signals. In this paper, WESAD (Wearable and Stress Affect Detection) dataset is used which consists of physiological data recorded from both the chest and wrist. Further, a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) based model is used to detect stress. The simulation results indicate that, indeed, Electrocardiograph (ECG), Electromyogram (EMG), and Respiration (RESP) signals may not be necessary for identifying stress. A three-way validation is carried out with an accuracy of 98%. The novelty of the paper is the way time-series data is handled to make it closer to real-time data captured from sensors. The work can be used widely in clinical practices to detect stress at an early stage.
Octo: INT8 Training with Loss-aware Compensation and Backward Quantization for Tiny On-device Learning

On-device learning is an emerging technique to pave the last mile of enabling edge intelligence, which eliminates the limitations of conventional in-cloud computing where dozens of computational capacities and memories are needed. A highperformance on-device learning system requires breaking the constraints of limited resources and alleviating computational overhead. In this paper, we show that employing the 8-bit fixed-point (INT8) quantization in both forward and backward passes over a deep model is a promising way to enable tiny on-device learning in practice. The key to an efficient quantization-aware training method is to exploit the hardwarelevel enabled acceleration while preserving the training quality in each layer. However, off-the-shelf quantization methods cannot handle the on-device learning paradigm of fixed-point processing. To overcome these challenges, we propose a novel INT8 training method, which optimizes the computation of forward and backward passes via the delicately designed Lossaware Compensation (LAC) and Parameterized Range Clipping (PRC), respectively. Specifically, we build a new network component, the compensation layer, to automatically counteract the quantization error of tensor arithmetic. We implement our method in Octo, a lightweight cross-platform system for tiny on-device learning. Evaluation on commercial AI chips shows that Octo holds higher training efficiency over state-of-the-art quantization training methods, while achieving adequate processing speedup and memory reduction over the full-precision training.
Practically Solving LPN

The best algorithms for the Learning Parity with Noise (LPN) problem require sub-exponential time and memory. This often makes memory, and not time, the limiting factor for practical attacks, which seem to be out of reach even for relatively small parameters. In this paper, we try to bring the state-of-the-art in solving LPN closer to the practical realm. We improve upon the existing algorithms by modifying the Coded-BKW algorithm to work under various memory constrains. We correct and expand previous analysis and experimentally verify our findings. As a result we were able to mount practical attacks on the largest parameters reported to date using only 239 bits of memory.
Simple Framework of ZF Precoding Analysis for Full-Dimensional Massive MIMO Systems

We provide a simple, yet general and accurate framework for analyzing zero-forcing (ZF) precoding performance for a full-dimensional massive multiple-input multiple-output system. Exploiting an order two Neumann series, our framework approximates the expected (average) ZF signal-to-noise ratio and ergodic sum spectral efficiency, while catering for a finite multipath propagation model, as well as correlated and uncorrelated user equipment (UE) positions in both azimuth and elevation domains. The analysis provides clear insights on the influence of propagation and system parameters on ZF performance. We identify how far UEs must lie in azimuth and elevation for the ZF precoder to approach uncorrelated channels. Our framework is useful for predicting the ZF performance degradation arising from channel correlation. For optimal performance, UEs could be separated by around 30° in azimuth and 15° in elevation - conditions which are difficult to meet in reality.