Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Accuracy of Prostatic Specific Antigen Densityin Different Prostatic Disorders

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of PSA density in Prostate Cancer, Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) and Prostatitis, taking biopsy as the gold standard. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Chemical Pathology and Endocrinology Department, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) in collaboration with Histopathology department, AFIP, Armed Forces Institute of Urology (AFIU) and Institute of Radiology (AFIRI) Rawalpindi Pakistan from Mar 2019 to Mar 2020. Methodology: Prostate-specific antigen was analyzed on a fully automated random-access immunoassay-ADVIA® Centaur XP. Prostate volume was measured through transrectal imaging technique, and prostate density was obtained by dividing total Prostate-specific antigen by prostate volume. Specificity and sensitivity, along with the positive predictive and negative predictive value of both Prostate-specific antigen and Prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD), were calculated. In addition, the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted for total Prostate-specific antigen and Prostate-specific antigen density PSA separately. Results: Overall, 129 subjects were registered in the study. Out of these 129 individuals, 59 (45.7%) had prostate cancer, 52 (40.3 %) were benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and 14% of subjects had other prostatic disorders. Total Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) had a sensitivity of 75.61% with a specificity of 76% while Prostate-specific antigen density showed 88% sensitivity and 86% specificity. The area under the curve (AUC) for total Prostate-specific antigen was 0.66, while that for total Prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) was 0.87. Conclusion: Prostate-specific antigen density is a better predictive and non-invasive diagnostic marker for different prostatic disorders than total Prostate-specific antigen. It has.
On zero product determined algebras

Let be a commutative ring with identity. A -algebra is said to be zero product determined if for every -bilinear having the property that whenever , there is a -linear such that for all . We provide a necessary and sufficient condition for an algebra to be zero product determined and use the condition to derive several new results. Among these, we show that the direct sum of algebras is zero product determined if and only if each component algebra is zero product determined; we show that the tensor product of zero product determined algebras is zero product determined in case is a field or in case the algebra multiplications are surjective; we produce conditions under which the homomorphic images of a zero product determined algebra are zero product determined; finally, we introduce a class of zero product determined matrix algebras that generalizes block upper triangular matrices and extends a result of Brešar, Grašič, and Ortega in 2009.
Unraveling the Entangled Brain: How Do We Go About It?

Abstract An impactful understanding of the brain will require entirely new approaches and unprecedented collaborative efforts. The next steps will require brain researchers to develop theoretical frameworks that allow them to tease apart dependencies and causality in complex dynamical systems, as well as the ability to maintain awe while not getting lost in the effort. The outstanding question is: How do we go about it?
Direct measurement of electric field at line conductors during a.c. corona

An electrostatic-fluxmeter probe has been used to obtain a direct measurement of the electric field at a cylindrical conductor during a.c. corona. For conductor diameters of 1.59, 2 and 2.75 cm, the resultant electric field falls below the onset level for both positive and negative corona. For the positive discharge, the field becomes independent of the applied voltage, a maximum fall of 9%, being observed. In contrast, the average field in the negative corona discharge decreases with increasing applied voltage, the effective field being reduced by up to 15% of the onset value. The assumption in many theoretical analyses of the discharge that the surface field remains at the onset value is thus invalid. It is suggested that increased secondary ionisation processes account for the maintenance of corona at reduced field strength. The measurements also fail to support the hypothesis that field enhancement occurs during positive corona owing to a negative-ion sheath. Field enhancement is observed to occur in a.c. corona prior to onset, because of remnant space charge from the preceding half cycle, but the effect is small. The field immediately following negative corona extinction is reduced, but, after positive corona, is enhanced because of electron attachment near the anode surface. The method, suitably modified, would appear to offer a useful means of study of bundle-conductor corona and precipitator assemblies of parallel line conductors.
A phase space moment method for classical and quantal dynamics

A hierarchy of translational moment equations for the position and momentum observables is considered. The resulting set of equations is truncated in a manner that includes only first and second order moments. This closure procedure is consistent with the conservation of energy and, for spherically symmetric potentials, with the conservation of angular momentum. The method is valid for both classical and quantal mechanics with the only difference being that for quantal systems, the dispersions in momentum and position must satisfy Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. With finite dispersion in the position, the average position and momentum do not satisfy Hamilton's equations of motion since the average acceleration is modulated by the variance–covariance in the position. For classical systems, the second order moments may be taken to zero in which case Hamilton's equations are obtained. For quantal systems, a comparision is made with Heller's Gaussian wave packet approach. The moment method is illustrated .
Infrared cirrus and high-latitude molecular clouds

It is established that a close correlation exists between far-infrared cirrus emission observed with IRAS and the CO emission from high-latitude molecular clouds (HCLs). In all cases, the HLCs correspond to the central portions of 100-micron infrared cirrus features. This association firmly establishes at least some of the cirrus as features of the local interstellar medium with typical distances of 100 pc. The infrared energy distribution of the cirrus displays an excess of 12-micron and 25-micron emission over that expected from dust at equilibrium temperature, consistent with emission from very small (less than 10 A) transiently heated grains.
Gas and Liquid Transport at the Microscale

Traditional fluid mechanics edifies the lack of difference between liquid and gas flows when certain similarity parameters—most prominently the Reynolds number—are matched. This may or may not be the case for flows in nano- or microdevices. The customary continuum, Navier-Stokes modeling, is ordinarily applicable for both air and water flowing in macrodevices. Even for common fluids, such as air or water, such modeling is bound to fail at sufficiently small scales, but the onset for such failure is different for the two forms of matter. Moreover, when the no-slip, quasi-equilibrium Navier-Stokes system is no longer applicable, the alternative modeling schemes are different for gases and liquids. For dilute gases, statistical methods are applied, and the Boltzmann equation is the cornerstone of such approaches. For liquid flows, the dense nature of the matter precludes the use of the kinetic theory of gases, and numerically intensive molecular dynamics simulations are the only alternative rooted in the first principles. The present article discusses the above issues, emphasizing the differences between liquid and gas transport at the microscale and the physical phenomena unique to liquid flows in minute devices.
The efficacy of different implant surface decontamination methods using spectrophotometric analysis: an in vitro study

Purpose Various methods have been proposed to achieve the nearly complete decontamination of the surface of implants affected by peri-implantitis. We investigated the in vitro debridement efficiency of multiple decontamination methods (Gracey curettes [GC], glycine air-polishing [G-Air], erythritol air-polishing [E-Air] and titanium brushes [TiB]) using a novel spectrophotometric ink-model in 3 different bone defect settings (30°, 60°, and 90°). Methods Forty-five dental implants were stained with indelible ink and mounted in resin models, which simulated standardised peri-implantitis defects with different bone defect angulations (30°, 60°, and 90°). After each run of instrumentation, the implants were removed from the resin model, and the ink was dissolved in ethanol (97%). A spectrophotometric analysis was performed to detect colour remnants in order to measure the cumulative uncleaned surface area of the implants. Scanning electron microscopy images were taken to assess micromorphological surface changes. Results Generally, the 60° bone defects were the easiest to debride, and the 30° defects were the most difficult (ink absorption peak: 0.26±0.04 for 60° defects; 0.32±0.06 for 30° defects; 0.27±0.04 for 90° defects). The most effective debridement method was TiB, independently of the bone defect type (TiB vs. GC: P<0.0001; TiB vs. G-Air: P=0.0017; TiB vs. GE-Air: P=0.0007). GE-Air appeared to be the least efficient method for biofilm debridement. Conclusions T-brushes seem to be a promising decontamination method compared to the other techniques, whereas G-Air was less aggressive on the implant surface. The use of a spectrophotometric model was shown to be a novel but promising assessment method for in vitro ink studies.
Synergistic Enhancement of Flame Retardancy Behavior of Glass-Fiber Reinforced Polylactide Composites through Using Phosphorus-Based Flame Retardants and Chain Modifiers

Flame retardancy properties of neat PLA can be improved with different phosphorus-based flame retardants (FRs), however, developing flame retardant PLA-based engineering composites with maintained mechanical performance is still a challenge. This study proposes symbiosis approaches to enhance the flame retardancy behavior of polylactide (PLA) composites with 20 wt% short glass fibers (GF). This was first implemented by exploring the effects of various phosphorus-based FRs up to 5 wt% in neat PLA samples. Among the used phosphorus-based FRs, the use of only 3 wt% of diphosphoric acid-based FR (P/N), melamine coated ammonium polyphosphate (APPcoated), and APP with melamine synergist (APP/Mel) resulted in achieving the V0 value in a vertical burning test in the neat PLA samples. In addition to their superior efficiency in improving the flame retardancy of neat PLA, P/N had the least negative effect on the final mechanical performance of PLA samples. When incorporated in PLA composites with 20 wt% GF, however, even with the use of 30 wt% P/N, the V0 value could not be obtained due to the candlewick effect. To resolve this issue, the synergistic effect of P/N and aromatic polycarbodiimide (PCDI) cross-linker or Joncryl epoxy-based chain-extender (CE) on the flame retardancy characteristics of composites was examined. Due to the further chain modification, which also enhances the melt strength of PLA, the dripping of composites in the vertical burning test terminated and the V0 value could be reached when using only 1 wt% PCDI or CE. According to the scanning electron microscopic analysis, the use of noted chain modifiers further homogenized the distribution and refined the particle size of P/N within the PLA matrix. Hence this could synergistically contribute to the enhancements of the fire resistance performance of the PLA composites. Such incorporation of P/N and chain modifiers further leads to the enhancement of the mechanical performance of PLA composites and hence the resultant product can be proposed as a promising durable bioplastic engineering product where fire risk exists.
The influence of mental illness and poor psychiatric monitoring programs on students' performance in Umm Al-Qura University

Background: Mental illness is a term use to prescribe a variety of diseases that characterized by abnormal thoughts or behavior or mood of the affected individual. This survey based study aimed to determine the influence of mental illness and poor psychiatric monitoring programs on mind of medical students attending Umm Al-Qura University. Methods: This is a survey based study conducted in June 2022 that utilized an online questionnaire designed in Google Form. The study included all medical students in their second to sixth year at Umm-Al-Qura University. Results: There were 410 total students who participated in this study. About three quarters of the students were males (73.7%) and most of them were Saudis (97.3%). More than half of students were aged <22 years (59.6%). In general, 11.7% of students had been diagnosed with a mental health condition and 8.3% of students had received medications for mental health conditions. Additionally, 11.2% of students were following-up with a mental health specialist (psychiatrist or psychologist) and 8.3% of students were receiving medications for mental health conditions at the time. Conclusion: Our data shows that having a mental illness can have a negative effect on students’ academic performance. Importantly, competent psychiatric monitoring programs can minimize the influence of mental illness.
Long-Term Trends in Surface Temperature over the Oceans

Abstract A limited comparison over the Northern Hemisphere oceans has been made between sea surface temperatures obtained from “Marine lkcks,” air temperatures over the ocean obtained from the same decks, and the historical file of hydrographic data. The intercomparison of these data suggest the following conclusions. 1) The SST observations have been contaminated by a systematic conversion from bucket to injection measurements. The bias so introduced may constitute as much as 30 to 50% of the observed change in sea surface temperature since the turn of the century. 2) The same bias effects are apparent in data sets that are alleged to contain bucket measurements of sea surface temperature only. 3) The behavior of the temperature field over the ocean appears to have significant and substantial differences from the behavior of estimated temperature changes over the Northern Hemisphere land masses. It seems clear that a reliable estimate of hemispheric or global temperature cannot be made without including .
Assaying the concentration of immunoglobulin G in colostrum from females postpartum and serum from neonatal calves of buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)

Neonatal ruminants are born without any humoral immunity due to lack of placental transfer of immunoglobulins during gestation. This predisposes the newborn buffalo calves to a high incidence of morbidity and mortality on exposure to infectious agents. Colostrum is the first milk produced by the females after calving and is a rich source of immunoglobulins, especially immunoglobulin G (IgG). The immunocompetence of the neonates can be boosted by feeding them sufficient amount of good quality colostrum within a few hours after birth. Optimal colostrum management at a farm not only reduces the occurrence of diseases among the younger stock but also enhances their growth performance and productivity once they are adults. In the present study, eighty animals at a Murrah buffalo farm were screened for the concentration of IgG in the colostrum collected from recently parturated females and in the serum collected from their calves within 6 to 12 h of colostrum consumption to determine the status of transfer of passive immunity. Indirect ELISA was used to estimate the IgG levels. The overall mean (range) of colostral and serum IgG concentration was found to be 50.44±3.36 (12.71 to 227.78) and 10.85±0.62 (0.25 to 19.88) mg/ml, respectively for all the 80 animals. Routine screening of buffaloes, in a similar way, will help to reduce calf deaths due to immunodeficiency.
Cochlear bionic acoustic metamaterials

A design of bionic acoustic metamaterial and acoustic functional devices was proposed by employing the mammalian cochlear as a prototype. First, combined with the experimental data in previous literatures, it is pointed out that the cochlear hair cells and stereocilia cluster are a kind of natural biological acoustic metamaterials with the negative stiffness characteristics. Then, to design the acoustic functional devices conveniently in engineering application, a simplified parametric helical structure was proposed to replace actual irregular cochlea for bionic design, and based on the computational results of such a bionic parametric helical structure, it is suggested that the overall cochlear is a local resonant system with the negative dynamic effective mass characteristics. There are many potential applications in the bandboard energy recovery device, cochlear implant, and acoustic black hole.
Analysis of the Optic Nerve Head Microcirculation Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography and the Upstream Macrocirculation Using Color Doppler Imaging in Low-Tension and High-Tension Glaucoma Patients

Introduction: The aim of the study was to analyze the optic nerve head (ONH) microcirculation using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) and the upstream macrocirculation using color Doppler imaging (CDI) in low-tension and high-tension glaucoma (LTG and HTG, respectively). Methods: This cross-sectional study included 67 eyes of 67 HTG patients, 55 eyes of 55 LTG patients, and 42 eyes of 42 healthy controls. We recorded the complete ophthalmological examination, visual fields, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, ONH vessel density (VD) measured using OCT-A, peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), and resistive index (RI) measured using CDI. SPSS software was used for data analysis. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range) and compared using t test or Mann-Whitney U test, as appropriate. Pearson χ2 test or Fisher’s exact test was used for comparisons, as appropriate. Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlations between variables. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The ONH VD and RNFL thickness were considerably lower in glaucomatous eyes than in healthy eyes (both p < 0.001). Compared with the HTG group, the LTG group had lower VD in the peripapillary region (p = 0.027). Compared with the healthy group, the HTG group had lower PSV (p = 0.029 and = 0.023, respectively), lower EDV (p = 0.023 and <0.001, respectively), and higher RI (p = 0.019 and = 0.006, respectively) of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and central retinal artery (CRA). The LTG group had lower PSV (p = 0.015 and <0.001, respectively) and EDV (p = 0.047 and = 0.001, respectively) of the ophthalmic artery (OA) and CRA. The LTG group had lower PSV of CRA than the HTG group (p = 0.034). In glaucomatous eyes, peripapillary VD had a significant association with the mean defect (p < 0.001) and RNFL thickness (p < 0.001), but not with the other CDI indices (all p > 0.05). Conclusion: The ONH microcirculation and upstream macrocirculation of the large arteries exhibited differences in the blood flow characteristics between the LTG and HTG groups. These differences may improve our understanding of glaucoma. There was no correlation between the characteristics of the ONH microcirculation and the upstream macrocirculation of large vessels in the LTG and HTG groups.
Association of Malabsorption and Anaemia in Adults in Tertiary Care Hospital

Objective: To determine the association of malabsorption in celiac disease with anaemia and other sociodemographic factors at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. Study Design: Cross sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Department of General Medicine Military Hospital Rawalpindi from Jul to Dec 2019. Methodology: A total of 300 adults were included in the study, 150 cases were patients with the diagnosis of celiac disease, and the other 150 were controls without celiac disease. Celiac disease was diagnosed based on biopsy findings by a consultant gastroenterologist. Defined was defined based on haemoglobin levels. In addition, the relationship between age, gender, anaemia, and the presence of comorbidities was assessed with the presence of celiac disease among the adults included in the study. Results: Out of 300 cases and controls, 116 (38.7%) patients were males, and 184 (61.3%) were females. One hundred and forty-eight (49.3%) did not show the presence of anaemia, while one hundred and fifty-two (50.7%) showed the presence of anaemia. we found a statistically significant difference in cases and controls regarding the presence of comorbidities and the presence of anaemia (p<0.05). Conclusion: Patients with celiac disease showed a greater frequency of anaemia as compared to those who were not having celiac disease. Therefore, patients with celiac disease are at high risk for developing anaemia, or patients with anaemia should be screened for malabsorption problems. In addition, patients with celiac disease were also at high risk for acquiring other systemic disorders.
Linewidth reduction of a semiconductor laser by electrical feedback

An electrical feedback technique was proposed to stably reduce the linewidth of a semiconductor laser without changing its cavity structure. Calculations and experiments were carried out to reduce the linewidth of a 1.5 μm InGaAsP laser (DFB type) according to the following procedure. A compact Fabry-Perot interferometer was used as a freqeuncy discriminator. The minimum attainable linewidth, limited by the detector noise, was estimated as being narrower than 1 kHz when the reflectance of the interferometer used was higher than 0.9. The minimum linewidth obtained in the experiment was 330 kHz, which was 15 times as narrow as in the case of a free-running laser. The improvements of this experimental result can be expected by simultaneously reducing the AM noise of the laser.
Genetic Study of Early Onset Parkinson’s Disease in Cyprus

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms. The etiology of PD remains unclear. However, several studies have demonstrated the interplay of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors in PD. Early-onset PD (EOPD) is a subgroup of PD diagnosed between the ages of 21 and 50. Population genetic studies have demonstrated great genetic variability amongst EOPD patients. Hence, this study aimed to obtain a genetic landscape of EOPD in the Cypriot population. Greek-Cypriot EOPD patients (n = 48) were screened for variants in the six most common EOPD-associated genes (PINK1, PRKN, FBXO7, SNCA, PLA2G6, and DJ-1). This included DNA sequencing and Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). One previously described frameshift variant in PINK1 (NM_032409.3:c.889del) was detected in five patients (10.4%)—the largest number to be detected to date. Copy number variations in the PRKN gene were identified in one homozygous and 3 compound heterozygous patients (8.3%). To date, the pathogenic variants identified in this study have explained the PD phenotype for 18.8% of the EOPD cases. The results of this study may contribute to the genetic screening of EOPD in Cyprus.