Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
WHY IS RESERVOIR ARCHITECTURE AN INSIGNIFICANT UNCERTAINTY IN MANY APPRAISAL AND DEVELOPMENT STUDIES OF CLASTIC CHANNELIZED RESERVOIRS?

To address uncertainty, models created for appraisal and development studies try to capture the full range of possible rock and fluid properties, and reservoir and structural architecture. Using experimental designs, each parameter can be varied to indicate how uncertainty for the parameter affects the outcome (for example, recovery after 30 years). In numerous models in appraisal and development studies, stratigraphic or reservoir architecture is not recognized as a significant uncertainty. This is a concern for two reasons. First, reservoir architecture is known to be an important parameter influencing oil production. It is puzzling that experimental design studies indicate it is not a significant uncertainty. Second, building geologically realistic earth models can involve months of time and can impact timelines for development projects. If reservoir architecture is in fact a non‐significant uncertainty, perhaps detailed modelling could be postponed. The current study addresses in what situations reservoir architecture is important in appraisal and development studies. Reservoir architecture characteristics considered are net to gross, channel orientation, channel stacking pattern, channel sinuosity, channel width/thickness, type of architectural element, influence of shale units within channel fills, influence of channel drapes at the base of channels, presence of other fades, influence of valley fills, and sheet geometries. Two field characterizations were studied using the same workflow, and results are compared with results of conceptual modelling studies.
A numerical study of dense water formation and transport on a shallow, sloping continental shelf

The circulation and transport of dense water generated by an idealized coastal polynya is studied using a three-dimensional primitive equation model. Starting with a homogeneous, quiescent ocean, a constant negative buoyancy flux is imposed at the surface over a half-elliptical region adjacent to the coastal boundary on a gently sloping continental shelf. The flow response can be divided into the following three phases: geostrophic adjustment, instability, and offshore eddy transport. During geostrophic adjustment the fluid within the forcing region becomes denser and the flow at the edge of the forcing region accelerates in response to the strong density gradient there. Eventually, the flow at the leading edge of the forcing region (relative to Kelvin wave propagation) becomes unstable and a train of counterrotating eddies develops. These eddies then form a complex three-dimensional flow field and rapidly transport dense water offshore, across isobaths. The density within the forcing region reaches a maximum which remains fairly constant after the eddies begin to transport the dense fluid offshore. The results are qualitatively insensitive to weakening of the negative buoyancy forcing and to changing the bottom slope. Eddy scales and velocities are consistent with observations in the Arctic. The results suggest that instability processes and eddy fluxes are important in transporting dense water off continental shelves and into marginal seas.
On the role of sulfates in recent global warming: a Granger causality analysis

Attribution studies clearly show that the recent global warming is mainly linked with changes in atmospheric composition induced by human activities, especially by emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Even if the increasing trend in temperatures is well caught by global climate models (GCMs), some periods of quasi‐constant temperature behaviour are not completely understood. In this article we focus on the role of sulfates and apply an inferential method (Granger causality analysis) in order to analyse in detail their role in changes of global temperature. Starting from the identification of two sub‐periods (1943–1975 and 1976–2011) characterized by a quasi‐constant plateau and a steep increase in temperature, respectively, we find that in the first period the cooling induced by sulfates is able to balance the warming effect of GHGs. This does not happen in the second period, when GHG forcing probably overwhelms the other causal factor here considered. In any case there exists a strong evidence of a joint driving of temperature by these two forcings. This allows us to identify sulfates as a major driver of the quasi‐stationary period 1943–1975.
Analysis of the Tsunami of December 26, 2004, on the Kerala Coast of India—Part III: Inundation and Initial Withdrawal

During the Indian Ocean tsunami of December 26, 2004, specific observations were made by our survey team about the arrival times of several tsunami waves, their amplitudes, maximum extent of horizontal inundation on land and initial withdrawal of the ocean. Here the observations on the horizontal inundation and initial withdrawal are presented and briefly discussed.
Abrupt seasonal variation of the ITCZ and the Hadley circulation

Using Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) daily data, we show that the seasonal migration of the global zonal‐mean intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) is not smooth, but jumps from the winter hemisphere to the summer hemisphere. The abrupt migration is within 10 days. Detailed analyses reveal that the phenomenon of the abrupt seasonal migration of the ITCZ mainly exists over particular tropical domains, such as Indian Ocean, western and central Pacific, and South America, which gives the rise of the jump of the global zonal‐mean ITCZ. Because the ITCZ constitutes the ascending branch of the Hadley circulation, we also examine whether there exists such an abrupt seasonal change in the Hadley circulation. It is found that the intensity of the Hadley cells evolves smoothly with time. However, the horizontal scales of the Hadley cells demonstrate abrupt seasonal changes, corresponding to the abrupt seasonal migration of the global ITCZ. The winter cell extends rapidly across the equator, while the summer cell rapidly narrows. This suggests that the solsticial cell is the dominant component of the Hadley circulation, and that the equinoctial symmetric pattern is ephemeral.
Climate change impact on SWAT simulated streamflow in western Kenya

Weather and climate extremes such as droughts and floods have far reaching impacts in Kenya. They have had implications in a variety of sectors including agriculture, water resources, health, energy, and disaster management among others. Lake Victoria and its catchment support millions of people and any impact on its ability to support the livelihoods of the communities in this region is of major concern. Thus, the main objective of this study was to assess the potential future climatic changes on the Nzoia catchment in the Lake Victoria basin, and how they might affect streamflow. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool was used to investigate the impact of climatic change on streamflow of the study area. The model was set up using readily available spatial and temporal data, and calibrated against measured daily streamflow. Climate change scenarios were obtained from general circulation models.
A theoretical study of stratospheric trace species variations during a solar eclipse

A one-dimensional transport-kinetics model is used to examine the variations in stratospheric minor species concentrations expected to occur during an eclipse of the sun. The short chemical lifetime of some of the important stratospheric species suggest that significant variations in concentration of some species are expected. Species which show large diurnal behavior, such as NO and OH, should be expected to have especially noticeable changes during the eclipse. Such variations during an eclipse, if measured, could provide a validation for the short response time chemistry in several catalytic cycles currently used in models of stratospheric chemistry.
Calcareous nannofossils and the origin of eastern Mediterranean sapropels

A quantitative analysis of calcareous nannofossil assemblages was carried out, with an optical microscope, on four deep-sea cores raised from the eastern Mediterranean and selected to form a NW-SE transect. A total of 748 samples were studied, including a very detailed analysis of sapropels S5 and S6 in two, out of the four cores. This paper is restricted to the discussion of the results obtained on Florisphaera profunda which provided important insights on the mechanisms of sapropel formation, an intricated and unravelled puzzle for the scientists of the last decades. On the basis of abundance variations of F. profunda, the only species of calcareous nannoplankton which inhabits the lower part of the photic zone, I suggest that sapropel formation was triggered by increased primary production, either confined to a Deep Chlorophyll Maximum (DCM) (a concept previously introduced by Rohling and Gieskes, [1989]) or extended to a thicker layer of the photic zone. When increased primary production was confined to the DCM (sapropel S3, S4, S5, S7, and S1, this latter only in the eastern part of the basin), the abundance of F. profunda was enhanced greatly with respect to all other species living in the higher part of the photic zone. On the contrary, when the increased primary production was extended to a thicker layer of the photic zone (“glacial” sapropels S6 and S8) the production of most nannoplankton species was favored, decreasing the relative proportion of F. profunda.
Remote sensing of soil surface properties

Remote sensing is now in a strong position to provide meaningful spatial data for use in soil science investigations. In the last 10 years, advancements in remote sensing techniques and technologies have given rise to a wealth of exciting new research findings in soil-related disciplines. This paper provides a critical insight into the role played by remote sensing in this field, with a specific focus on soil surface monitoring. Two key soil properties are considered in this review, soil surface roughness and moisture, because these two variables have benefited most from recent cutting-edge advances in remote sensing. Of note is the fact that the major recent advancements in spatial assessment of soil structure have emerged from optical remote sensing, while the soil moisture community has benefited from advancements in microwave systems, justifying the focus of this paper in these specific directions. The paper considers the newest techniques within active, passive, optical and microwave remote sensing and concludes by considering future challenges, multisensor approaches and the issue of scale — which is a key cross-disciplinary research question of relevance to soil scientists and remote sensing scientists alike.
The Role of Intrinsic Motivation on Altruism, Civic Virtue, Affective Commitment and Work Engagement

Intrinsic motivation plays a pivotal role in shaping various dimensions of nursing practice. This study investigates how intrinsic motivation influences altruism, civic virtue, affective commitment, and work engagement among Bakti Timah Medika nurses. A sample of 134 nurses was selected through accidental sampling. This research uses a quantitative approach to analyze Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings reveal a significant positive correlation between intrinsic motivation and altruism, civic virtue, affective commitment, and work engagement. Notably, work engagement demonstrates the most substantial impact of intrinsic motivation. Furthermore, this study suggests a potential mediator role of work engagement between inherent motivation and altruism, civic virtue, and affective commitment. By shedding light on the influence of intrinsic motivation on essential work outcomes (altruism, civic virtue, affective commitment, and work engagement) within the health sector, this research contributes to enhancing nursing practices.
Increase the Accuracy of Detection of Pathogenic Genes of Breast Cancer using a Graph-Based Approach to the Gene Prioritization Problem

Cancer is one of the most common causes of mortality today. This disease's complications impose many costs on the human community's health, care, and well-being sectors. Solving complex biological problems requires advanced computational methods, and bioinformatics was created to solve such complex problems with the active interaction of several fields of science. Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary science combining biological sciences, computers, mathematics, and statistics. The issue investigated in this research deals with one of the challenging issues in bioinformatics, namely candidate gene prioritization in breast cancer. Gene prioritization means sorting genes based on their relevance to a specific disease, such as breast cancer. Finally, the genes are checked according to their importance in performing costly experiments. The proposed approach in this research is to present a method based on graph mining for prioritizing genes. The study conducted with ENDEAOUR and DIR methods was compared and evaluated. The evaluation results show that the designed method is more efficient than other compared methods.
Bovine infectious abortion: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to identify the main infectious agents related to bovine abortion worldwide in the period between 2000 and 2022. First, we investigated the global prevalence of infectious agents related to bovine abortion. For this analysis, only 27 articles detected of a wide panel of agents were included. The random effects model revealed that the estimated prevalence of the abortifacient agents in bovine abortion was 45.7%. The heterogeneity among studies was high, but Egger’s test showed that there was no publication bias, even though the total number of samples analyzed in these articles was variable. There was no significant effect of the year of the study publication on the estimated prevalence, although an increasing trend was observed over time, possibly due to the implementation of new diagnostic techniques. Then, we analyzed the prevalence of the main transmissible agents in bovine abortion. For this analysis, 76 studies that analyzed 19,070 cases were included. Some infectious agent was detected in 7,319 specimens, and a final diagnosis was reached in 3,977 of these, when both the infectious agent and compatible histopathological changes were detected. We found that Neospora caninum was the most detected agent (22.2%), followed by opportunistic bacteria (21.4%), Chlamydiaceae family (10.9%) and Coxiella burnetii (9.5%). Regarding viral agents, bovine herpes virus type 1 and bovine viral diarrhea displayed similar prevalence rates (approximately 5%). After considering the description of specific histopathological changes, our analyzes showed that N. caninum was a confirmed cause of abortion in 16.7% of the analyzed cases, followed by opportunistic bacteria (12.6%) and Chlamydia spp. (6.8%); however, C. burnetii was only confirmed as a cause of abortion in 1.1% of the cases. For all agents, the heterogeneity among studies was high, and the subgroup analyzes discarded the diagnostic method as the cause of such heterogeneity. This study provides knowledge about the global prevalence of the different infectious agents related to bovine abortion, the most coming of which is N. caninum. In addition, this review reveals the existing deficiencies in the diagnosis of bovine abortion that must be addressed in the future.
Rare earth element and Nd isotopic variations in regionally extensive dolomites from the Burlington-Keokuk Formation (Mississippian); implications for REE mobility during carbonate diagenesis

ABSTRACT Marine carbonates of the Burlington-Keokuk Fm. (Miss.) of the midcontinent region have been subject to two major episodes of regionally extensive (100,000 km2) dolomitization. Previous studies of the cathodoluminescent petrography, Sr, C, and O isotopic compositions, and Sr, Fe, Mn, and Ca concentrations of Burlington-Keokuk dolostones outline a diagenetic history in which lime mud was pervasively dolomitized by a seawater-dominated fluid. At many localities, this early dolomite generation (dolomite I) was recrystallized by nonmarine diagenetic fluids at shallow-burial depths to produce dolomite II. Dolomites I and II have similar rare earth element (REE) patterns and abundances and a narrow range of initial 143Nd/144Nd isotope ratios of 0.511906 ± 0.000025 (1 ). This consistency in the Nd isotope ratios and REE patterns, along with the presence of anomalously low abundances of cerium in the dolomites, cherts, glauconite pellets, fish apatite, and crinoids, suggests that 1) seawater-derived REE dominated the system, and 2) the extensive water-rock interaction that produced profound textural and compositional changes during the formation of dolomite II did not significantly alter the REE patterns or Nd isotopic signatures of the dolomites. The results of quantitative modeling of isotopic and trace lement exchange during water-rock interaction in carbonate systems indicate that extremely large water: rock ratios are required to alter the REE signatures of diagenetic carbonates. Such large water: rock ratios can reflect either 1) large extents of fluid flow during carbonate recrystallization, or 2) minimal interaction between diagenetic fluids and host rocks during carbonate cement crystallization. Late vug-filling calcite and dolomite have low Sm/Nd and high (Ce/Nd)n ratios relative to the dolostones. Such distinct REE signatures probably reflect limited interaction between late diagenetic fluids and Burlington-Keokuk host rocks. Penecontemporaneous clastic sediments have similar initial 143Nd/144Nd isotope ratios (0.511857-0.511877) and lower Sm/Nd ratios compared to the dolomites, suggesting 1) a common crustal source of REE for the clastics and carbonates, and 2) REE fractionation during the formation of carbonate, apatite, glauconite, and other authigenic phases in the marine environment.
Business Process Simulation: An Alternative Modeling Technique for the Information System Development Process

This article discusses the idea that even though information systems development (ISD) approaches long have advocated the use of integrated organizational views, the modeling techniques used have not been adapted accordingly and remain focused on the automated information system (IS) solution. Existing research provides evidence that business process simulation (BPS) can be used at different points in the ISD process in order to provide better integrated organizational views that aid the design of appropriate IS solutions. Despite this fact, research in this area is not extensive, which suggests that the potential of using BPS for the ISD process is not yet well understood. The article uses the findings from three case studies in order to illustrate the ways that BPS has been used at different points in the ISD process. It compares the results against IS modeling techniques, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages that BPS has over the latter. The research necessary to develop appropriate BPS tools and give guidance on their use in the ISD process is discussed.
Interannual and seasonal variations in transport to a measuring site in western Siberia and their impact on the observed atmospheric CO2 mixing ratio

[1] Interannual and seasonal variations in atmospheric transport to a measuring site in western Siberia were studied using three-dimensional 5-day back-trajectories. We identified large differences in transport between summer and winter, but also some differences between the years. Westerly flow was dominating during winter, whereas the transport in summer also had a contribution from the high Arctic and central Siberia. Cluster analysis was applied to the trajectory data to determine systematically to what degree different atmospheric flow patterns influence the variability of the atmospheric CO2. We found that during July, the short-term variability in CO2 was primarily determined by the interplay between planetary boundary layer dynamics and surface fluxes in the region within tens to one hundred kilometers from the measuring site. The weaker biogenic fluxes during winter, resulted in mixing ratios more clearly influenced by long-range transport of CO2. However, the highest CO2 concentrations were not associated with westerly winds reflecting transport of polluted air from Europe but periods characterized by stagnant flow conditions. It was suggested that these high mixing ratios were due to respired CO2 accumulated in the lowest one hundred meters of the atmosphere. The mean duration of the identified flow patterns was about two days, implying a sampling frequency not less than every other day in order to monitor variations in atmospheric CO2 due to air mass changes. This study demonstrates that the flux footprint of a site is variable which must be considered when making comparisons between different seasons or years for a measurement location.
Nationwide regression models for predicting urban runoff water quality at unmonitored sites

: Regression models are presented that can be used to estimate mean loads for chemical oxygen demand, suspended solids, dissolved solids, total nitrogen, total ammonia plus nitrogen, total phosphorous, dissolved phosphorous, total copper, total lead, and total zinc at unmonitored sites in urban areas. Explanatory variables include drainage area, imperviousness of drainage basin to infiltration, mean annual rainfall, a land-use indicator variable, and mean minimum January temperature. Model parameters are estimated by a generalized-least-squares regression method that accounts for cross correlation and differences in reliability of sample estimates between sites. The regression models account for 20 to 65 percent of the total variation in observed loads.
REDUCED BODY MASS INDEX BUT NOT FAT MASS IN ANTHRACYCLINE-BASED CHEMOTHERAPY OF LOCALLY ADVANCED BREAST CANCER PATIENTS

Background: Breast cancer is a cancer disease with the highest proportion of new cases and the proportion of deaths it causes is quite high at 6.9%. Cancer patients who use anthracycline-based chemotherapy experience loss of body weight, muscle, body cell mass, distribution of extracellular fluid expansion and reduced intracellular air. This study was to determine the change of the Body Mass index (BMI) and body composition of patients with locally advanced breast cancer (stage IIIA, IIIB and IIIC) who had undergone anthracycline-based chemotherapy.Methods: This anthracycline-based observational analytical study of pre and post chemotherapy was conducted with a cross-sectional approach. Subjects were measured height by microtoise; weight, body composition, daily calorie intake (DCI) and basal metabolic rate (BMR) as measured by Bioelectrical Impendance Analysis (BIA). Results: 47 locally advanced breast cancer patients underwent anthracycline-based chemotherapy. Based on the Wilcoxon statistical test, 6 variables with a 95% confidence level (p<0.05) showed a decrease in the value 5 variables, namely BMI, total body water (TBW), visceral fat, skeletal muscle mass and skeletal bone mass. Meanwhile, body fat showed a p value=0.224. The changes of variable confounding, DCI decrease (p=0.004), but BMR increase not significantly (p=0.795). Conclusion: There is an effect of chemotherapy on nutritional status of BMI, TBW, visceral fat, skeletal muscle mass and bone mass in patients with locally advanced breast cancer who underwent anthracycline-based chemotherapy, which may the result of the calorie intake decreased, but not on body fat