Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the number of caustics for invariant tori of Hamiltonian systems with two degrees of freedom

Let X be a two-dimensional orientable connected manifold without boundary, H: T*X → ℝ a smooth hamiltonian function denned on the cotangent bundle. We will assume that H is of a ‘classical type’ that is convex and even on each fibre Tx*X. The goal of this paper is to describe the set Γ of all singular points of the projection Θ|L where ι: L → T*X is a smooth embedded 2-torus invariant under the hamiltonian flow h1, Θ: T*X → X is the canonical projection.
MODULES OF DIFFERENTIALS OF THE ATIYAH-HIRZEBRUCH SPECTRAL SEQUENCE. II

The subject of the article is the Atiyah-Hirzebruch spectral-sequence method in K-theory. In particular, one of the results is the definitive solution (in terms of homology groups) of the problem of realizing the cycles of a manifold by submanifolds, and a formula is given that connects the higher differentials of the spectral sequence with the Steenrod powers. Bibliography: 21 items.
Graphene: fabrication methods and thermophysical properties

Current research on graphene, a 2D hexagonal structure of carbon atoms, is presented. The structural features of and basic methods for obtaining graphene are discussed. The phononic properties of graphene and their dependent graphene characteristics are examined. In particular, how to measure the thermal conductivity of graphene is discussed and recent experimental and theoretical advances on this subject are described. The stability problems of 2D crystal structures are addressed and the dimensional effects in the dependence of graphene characteristics on the lateral size are discussed. Simulation methods for determining the phononic characteristics and thermal conductivity of graphene are reviewed.
q-Virasoro algebra at root of unity limit and 2d-4d connection

We propose a limiting procedure in which, starting from the q-lifted version (or K-theoretic five dimensional version) of the (W)AGT conjecture to be assumed, the Virasoro/W block is generated in the r-th root of unity limit in q in the 2d side, while the same limit automatically generates the projection of the five dimensional instanton partition function onto that on the ALE space ℝ4/ℤr. This proceeding is based on arXiv:1308.2068
An open-label randomized noninferior study of generic name and brand name of propafenone for rhythm control in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

Background: Propafenone is a class IC antiarrhythmic agent that is commonly used as the first-line therapy for patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) in Taiwan. This study compared the efficacy and safety of generic (Rhynorm) and brand name (Rytmonorm) propafenone for rhythm control of paroxysmal AF in Taiwan. Methods: This was an open-label randomized multicenter noninferior study conducted in Taiwan. We enrolled 76 patients with AF. To investigate the efficacy of propafenone, we used a wearable electrocardiogram (ECG) event recorder to evaluate the daily burden of AF episodes in patients for 24 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was the frequency of AF with clinical significance, which was indicated by AF duration ≥30 seconds. The safety endpoints included proarrhythmic or hemodynamic adverse events. Result: To analyze the efficacy and safety of these agents, 71 patients (five patients with screen failure) were randomized to two groups, specifically a Rhynorm group (n = 37) and a Rytmonorm group (n = 34), for 24 weeks of the treatment period. The baseline patient characteristics were comparable between the groups. However, the Rhynorm group was older (65.4 ± 8.40 vs 59.8 ± 10.8 years; p = 0.02). The primary efficacy endpoint at week 24 decreased by 4.76% ± 18.5% (from 24.3% ± 33.9% to 19.0% ± 28.7%; p = 0.13) in the Rhynorm group and by 3.27% ± 15.2% (from 16.9% ± 26.4% to 13.6% ± 19.2%; p = 0.22) in the Rytmonorm group, with an intergroup difference of 1.5% ± 17.0%; p = 0.71. This finding indicates that Rhynorm is not inferior to Rytmonorm (p = 0.023 for noninferiority). The safety profile of the agents was comparable between the two groups. Conclusion: Our results verified that Rhynorm was noninferior to Rytmonorm in terms of efficacy and safety for treating paroxysmal AF in Taiwan (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03674658).
Differences in Femoral Neck and Trochanteric Structure in Elderly Women Prior to Hip Fracture: Role in Hip Fracture Prediction

We examine the hypothesis that internal dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) structural variables measured at the femoral neck and trochanter cross sections will improve prediction of fractures at these sites in addition to areal BMD (aBMD). We present an analysis of the internal distribution of bone at the site of these fractures using baseline hip DXA measurement of 1151 participants, mean age (SD) 75 (3) years, in the 14.5‐year Perth Longitudinal Study of Aging in Women. Structural differences at the femoral neck (FN) and trochanter (TR) cross sections were compared in 69 participants who went on to sustain femoral neck fracture (FNF) and 59 participants who went on to sustain trochanter fracture (TRF), on average 10 years later, to those who did not fracture. The new structural variables, in addition to aBMD and bone width (W), were Sigma (distribution of bone within scanned area) and Delta (distance between center‐of‐mineral mass and geometric center), which can be assessed by current DXA programs. At baseline, compared with nonfracture cases, FNF cases had a FNaBMD 7% lower, a FNWidth 3% higher and a FNDelta 29% higher, associated with reduced bone in the superior segment. In FNF Cox proportional hazard analysis, age (hazard ratio [HR 1.39]), total hip aBMD (THaBMD; 0.79), and Delta (1.70) were significant. Addition of FN Delta to the base case of THaBMD and age improved the C statistic from 0.62 to 0.69, p = 0.01. At baseline, TRF cases had a 15% lower TRaBMD with minor differences in Sigma (1%) and Width (2%). In TRF Cox analysis, neither addition of Sigma nor Width improved the model that included age and THaBMD as predictors and did not alter the C‐statistic of 0.81. In conclusion, adding measurement of FN Delta, an assessment of superior sector bone loss, to hip aBMD and age substantially improved clinical FNF prediction in older women. © 2023 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Microtubule‐associated proteins and enzymes modifying tubulin

Microtubules (MTs) are essential for many cellular processes including establishment of cell shape and polarity, chromosome segregation, vesicle transport, and nuclear positioning. Human cells express 22 tubulin isoforms that have both overlapping and distinctive functions. Tubulins reversely polymerize to form cylindrical MTs, while MT‐associated proteins (MAPs), posttranslational modifications (PTMs), and mechanical forces regulate their functions. To help both tubulin researchers and medicinal chemists, this review article lists 489 MAPs, 43 known enzymes that mediate PTMs, and 306 drugs that influence the functions of MTs and MAPs and discusses recent microtubule research. Readers are able to sort the list based on name, size, functions, related human diseases, and date of discovery. The list also contains links to Uniprot and Protein Atlas databases to access further details such as protein structure, associated proteins, subcellular localization, expression levels in cells and tissues, mutations, and pathology. Because the microtubule cytoskeleton is involved in many pathological processes such as tumorigenesis, invasion, and developmental diseases, small molecules that target on MT and MAPs hold potential to treat these diseases and are also listed.
Dynamical Response of the South Asian Monsoon Trough to Latent Heating from Stratiform and Convective Precipitation

Simulation experiments using a simplified atmospheric GCM and supplementary diagnostic analyses of observations are performed to understand how the South Asian monsoon trough (MT) responds dynamically to latent heating from mesoscale convective systems (MCSs). Observations reveal that the MT during active monsoons is characterized by a deep cyclonic vorticity extending from the surface to 350 hPa and organized MCSs covering over 3500‐4000 km along the Indo-Gangetic plains. The MCSs during active monsoons are composed of a relatively higher abundance of stratiform-type precipitation (mostly nimbostratus) as compared to the convective type. The results suggest that a stratiform-type heating profile is very effective in promotingupward development of continental-scale cyclonic circulation well above the midtroposphere over the MT region. The vertical development involves a dynamical uplift of the layer of cyclonic circulation and is induced by midlevel (600‐500 hPa) convergence and vorticity stretching above 500 hPa. By varying the population of stratiform and convective rain types in the simulation, the horizontal scale of midlevel vorticity response is shown to increase significantly with stratiform population; in contrast, the midlevel response is more localized when the MCS is dominated by deep convective clouds. For large stratiform populations, the midlevel responseis found to extend far westward up to the northernflanks of the AfricanITCZ, indicativeof Rossby wave dispersion of PV anomalies that are generated near the level of maximum heating gradient. From the present findings, one can conclude that the vertical deepening of MT during active monsoons is not merely a localized phenomenon; instead it represents a large-scale dynamical response to organized MCSs that exert pivotal influence on the upward development of cyclonic circulation well above the midtroposphere.
Modèle de régression avec variables d’écart

A look at M. G. Dagenais' contributions (1969, 1973) on threshold regression models and at chapter 9 of S.M. Goldfeld and R.E. Quandt's book (1972) concerning switching regression models suggested to me that a new approach to estimating the threshold model by introducing slack variables might be possible. One of the main advantages of this new method is to simplify to a great extent the estimation of the likelihood function which is reduced partly to the problem of estimating a limited number of simple integrals for each iteration in the process of optimization.
Finite Element Approximation of Parabolic Time Optimal Control Problems

The numerical approximation of a parabolic time optimal control problem via piecewise linear splines, is considered. At each stage of the approximation a bang-bang approximate control is selected by solving for its switching times as the solution of a constrained nonlinear least squares optimization problem. The well-posedness of the approximation scheme is shown and the rate of convergence to the exact solution investigated. Numerical results for some one- and two-dimensional parabolic control problems are given.
Influence of work and family environment on burnout among emergency medical technicians

Objective Burnout among emergency medical technicians is a serious problem affecting delivery of quality emergency medical services. Although the repetitive nature of the job and lower education level requirements for technicians have been reported as risk factors, little is known about the influence of burden of responsibility, degree of supervisor support, and home environment on burnout among emergency medical technicians. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that burden of responsibility, degree of supervisor support, and home environment increase burnout probability. Methods A web-based survey was conducted among emergency medical technicians in Hokkaido, Japan from July 26, 2021 to September 13, 2021. A total of 21 facilities were randomly selected from 42 fire stations. Prevalence of burnout was measured using the Maslach Burnout-Human Services Survey Inventory (MBI-HSS). Burden of responsibility was measured using a visual analog scale. Occupational background was also measured. Supervisor support was measured using the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (BJSQ). Family-work negative spillover was measured using the Japanese version of Survey Work–Home Interaction–NijmeGen (SWING). The cutoff value for burnout syndrome was defined as emotional exhaustion≥27 and/or depersonalization≥10. Results A total of 700 survey respondents were included, and 27 surveys with missing data were excluded. The suspected burnout frequency was 25.6%. Covariates were adjusted using multilevel logistic regression model analysis. Low supervisor support (odds ratio, 1.421; 95% confidence interval, 1.136–1.406; P<0.001) and high family-work negative spillover (odds ratio, 1.264; 95% confidence interval, 1.285–1.571; P<0.001) were independent factors associated with higher probability of burnout. Conclusion This study indicated that focusing on improvement of supervisor support for emergency medical technicians and creating supportive home environments may assist in reducing burnout frequency.
Indole‐3‐carbinol induces apoptosis in AGS cancer cells via mitochondrial pathway

Indole‐3‐carbinol is produced from the cruciferous vegetables and broadly investigated for their various biological effects in in‐vitro and in‐vivo aspects. However, the anticancer activity of I3C and its molecular mechanisms have not been investigated in human adeno gastro carcinoma (AGS) cells. In our study of AGS cells, nuclear condensation was observed by 4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole (DAPI) staining, cell death was confirmed by a cell viability assay, and fragmented DNA was observed at the IC50 dose by a DNA fragmentation assay. Apoptosis was evaluated by the qPCR technique. Treatment of the AGS cells with I3C at different concentrations has drastically decreased cell proliferation and differentiation. By releasing cytochrome‐c from mitochondria in the intrinsic pathway, I3C prevents the multiplication of AGS cells and initiates apoptosis. The WST‐1 assay result showed that I3C treatment against AGS cells had considerably reduced the viability of the cells. Furthermore, RT‐qPCR showed the fold change among the expressed proteins compared with reference gene β‐actin. Molecular docking revealed that I3C showed a strong binding affinity for the apoptotic protein 3DCY. The results show the caspase group of proteins contribute to the core of apoptotic machinery. I3C and its metabolites target a variety of components of cell‐cycle control via distinct signaling pathways in light of the rapid development of tumors and oncogenesis. The translational significance of I3C and its metabolites in cancer is highlighted by their wide range of antitumor activity and low toxicity. Furthermore, the novel prodrug I3C, which has overlapping underlying mechanisms, could encourage new strategies to decrease oncogenesis.
Efficacy of curcumin plus piperine co‐supplementation in moderate‐to‐high hepatic steatosis: A double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled clinical trial

Non‐alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is a global health problem that can progress to steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of curcumin + piperine on cardiometabolic risk factors, as well as hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in NAFLD patients with moderate‐to‐high hepatic steatosis. Patients diagnosed with moderate‐to‐high NAFLD by liver sonography were randomized to either curcumin + piperine (500 mg/day curcumin plus 5 mg/day piperine) for 12 weeks (n = 30) or placebo groups (n = 30). Liver fibroscan, anthropometric measurements, dietary intake, physical activity, blood pressure, lipid profile, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, fasting blood glucose (FBG), and liver enzymes were assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks of follow‐up. Intention‐to‐treat analysis was undertaken. Curcumin + piperine decreased waist circumference (p = 0.026), systolic blood pressure (p = 0.001), total cholesterol (p = 0.004), low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (p = 0.006), FBG (p = 0.002), alanine transaminase (p = 0.007) and aspartate transaminase (p = 0.012) compared with placebo. However, fibroscan measurement did not differ between curcumin + piperine and placebo groups (p > 0.05). Fibroscan measurement as a marker of NAFLD improvement did not differ after 12 weeks of curcumin + piperine; however, curcumin + piperine may be considered as an adjunct therapy to improve anthropometric measures, blood pressure, lipid profile, blood glucose, and liver function in NAFLD patients.
Incidence and medical costs of chronic obstructive respiratory disease in Spanish hospitals: a retrospective database analysis

Abstract Objective This study aimed to assess the comorbidity profile, use of health care resources and medical costs of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) treated at the hospital level in Spain. Methods Admission records of patients with COPD and at least two admissions registered between January 2016 and December 2020 were obtained from a Spanish hospital discharge database and analyzed in a retrospective multicenter study. Results 95,140 patients met the inclusion criteria; 69.1% were males with a median age of 75 years. Mean Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) was 1.9 in the index admission, increasing to 2.1 during the follow-up period. An acute exacerbation of COPD was registered in 93.6% of patients in the index admission; other secondary diagnoses included respiratory failure (56.8%), essential hypertension (36.9%), hypercholesterolemia (26.7%) and diabetes (26.3%). The age-adjusted incidence rate of COPD was 22.6 per 10,000 persons over the study period, decreasing significantly in the year 2020. Mortality rate was 4.1% for COPD patients, increasing to 6.6% in the year 2020. The year 2020, 191 patients registered a COVID-19 infection, with a mortality rate of 23.0%. Length of hospital stay, and intensive care unit (ICU) stay increased in the follow-up period versus the index admission, similar to admission costs. Mean admission cost was €3212 in the index admission, with cost increases being associated with age, length of stay, ICU stay and CCI. Conclusions Patients’ condition worsened significantly over the follow-up period, in terms of comorbidity and dependence on respirator, with an increased mortality rate and higher admission costs.
Iodine‐125 seed versus hook‐wire guided breast conserving surgery: do post operative complication rates differ?

Radio‐guided occult lesion localisation using iodine 125 seeds (ROLLIS) is used to localize impalpable breast cancers for breast conserving surgery (BCS). Previous studies have suggested improved efficiency and patient outcomes with ROLLIS compared with hook‐wire localisation (HWL). The aim of this report is to compare the post‐operative complication rates and safety profiles of ROLLIS versus hook‐wire guided surgery.
A Backus—Gilbert approach to inversion of travel-time data for three-dimensional velocity structure

Summary. Considerable effort has recently been directed towards constructing three-dimensional velocity models to fit seismic traveltime data. Most studies have involved parameterizing the model by a limited number of boxes within which the velocity is assumed constant. An alternative viewpoint discussed in this paper is that the structure is an unknown function which can be viewed through a smoothing window. For a limited data set, the resolution length scale of this window will never be zero. Although formulation of the inverse problem for one-dimensional velocity structure is a straightforward application of the ideas of Backus and Gilbert, it does not generalize directly to three dimensions. This is because rays in three dimensions do not sample the structure in the volume between the rays and thus the data kernels are not suitable for approximating a delta function whose peak does not lie at the intersection of many rays. We solve this problem by replacing the delta function by an ideal averaging volume with sufficiently large dimensions that it is always intersected by rays. Non-square-integrable singularities in the data kernels are quelled by integration. The mean-square misfit between the transformed ideal averaging volume and its approximation (the actual averaging volume) constructed from the quelled data kernels leads to two natural measures of the resolution length scale of the actual averaging volume. For a simple synthetic example, one of these resolution measures converges rapidly to the scale of the ideal averaging volume as the size of the ideal volume increases. The other measure converges more slowly. We discuss strategy for finding the minimum permissible size of the ideal volume for which the average in the actual volume is a reliable estimate of the average in the ideal volume. In our synthetic example, this always requires in excess of 25 rays penetrating the averaging volume, but this result is not general and may be pessimistic for many real problems. For inaccurate data, the evaluation of the trade-off of resolution versus the variance of the smoothed model can proceed by relaxing the fit of the approximate averaging volume to the ideal volume in a manner exactly analogous to that described by Backus and Gilbert. Another strategy with considerable computational advantage which may sometimes be useful is to increase the size of the ideal averaging volume above its permissible minimum without relaxing the fit.
Interlaced Backstepping and Integrator Forwarding for Nonlinear Control of an Electrohydraulic Active Suspension

Passengers' comfort in long road trips is of crucial importance1 as a result, active suspension control became a vital subject in recent researches. This paper studies the control of an electrohydraulic active suspension, based on a combination of backstepping and integrator forwarding. Our goal is to control and reduce the car's vertical motion and keep it to zero. The active suspension model is highly nonlinear and nondifferentiable due to the hydraulic components, especially the servovalve and the hydraulic actuator whose chambers' volume varies during extension and retraction. Therefore, a powerful control strategy is required. In such cases, Lyapunov-based control strategies are the most suitable for offering a lot of maneuverability in building an analytical control signal. The mathematical model of an electrohydraulic active suspension can be classified among interlaced systems. This means that the state space model is a sequence of feedback and feedforward equations. Therefore, interlaced backstepping and integrator forwarding is an optimal control strategy to stabilize this class of systems, particularly electrohydraulic active suspension. Afterwards, we will introduce and define this constructive control method and its basis. The foremost advantage of this interlaced strategy is that, unlike others, it leaves no internal dynamic. This is a great relief in control issues, because an unstable internal dynamic will destabilize the whole system whatever control method is being used. As will be demonstrated, the interlaced backstepping and integrator forwarding is an outstanding control strategy to compensate the effect of chaotic roads on the stability of cars. The results are compared with a classic Proportional-Integral-Derivative regulator and a sliding mode controller, to show that the proposed controller outperforms a range of existing controllers for a range of perturbation signals.