Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cool-season cover crop effects on forage productivity and short-term soil health in a semi-arid environment

Abstract There have been no systematic experiments conducted in Nevada's water-limited environment that examined the simultaneous benefits of soil health and feed value derived from cool-season cover cropping systems. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of different annual cool-season cover crop systems on above and belowground biomass production, plant tissue carbon and nitrogen, forage nutritive value (crude protein, acid, and neutral detergent fiber), relative feed value (RFV), and short-term soil health indicators under irrigation in a semi-arid environment. Treatments (cover crop systems) were a fallow (no cover crop), five monocultures of rye (Secale cereale L.), winter lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.), arrowleaf clover (Trifolium vesiculosum Savi), white sweetclover (Melilotus alba), forage kale (Brassica oleracea L.), and two three-species mixtures in 50-25-25 seeding ratios (CCM 1: rye, winter lentil, arrowleaf clover; CCM 2: rye, white sweetclover, forage kale). Cover crop systems were arranged in an RCBD with three replications. Plots were fall seeded in Reno, NV early October of each year (2020 and 2021) and terminated at the end of July of 2021 and 2022, respectively. Averaged across years, aboveground biomass production was lowest for the monoculture of winter lentil (4104 kg DM ha−1; SE = 1551) compared to all other cover crop systems (average = 7593 kg DM ha−1; SE = 1551). Biomass carbon produced was lowest for winter lentil (1717 kg ha−1; SE = 675) relative to all other cover crop systems (average = 3227 kg ha−1; SE = 675). The CCM 1 system had a greater C/N ratio (36.3) than CCM 2 and the monocultures of winter lentil, arrowleaf clover, and white sweetclover (average = 24.9). Belowground biomass did not differ among cover crop systems (average = 3161 kg DM ha−1; SE = 962). Crude protein concentration was similar among cover crop systems but the RFV was greatest for forage kale (RFV = 165; SE = 4.0) among all cover crop systems. Soil total N and organic carbon concentration did not differ among cover crop systems but soil K concentration was greatest under fallow (428 mg kg−1 soil; SE = 26) relative to all other systems (average = 345.6 mg kg−1 soil; SE = 26). Soil microbial community biomass was not altered by cover crop system or its interaction with year. While the short-term impact of the cover crop systems on soil health indicators was minimal relative to the fallow system, the overall results suggested that there is potential to integrate cover crops in Nevada's semi-arid environment under irrigation.
L p Spaces Generated by Certain Operator Valued Measures

In this paper we investigate the structure of certain spaces of operator valued measures and the L p spaces they generate. The work is motivated by our earlier paper [1] in which we studied the L p spaces generated by matrix valued measures. The present results can thus be regarded as a generalization of this “finite dimensional” situation.
Gastric bypass and antidepressant concentrations

Obesity is known to be associated with depression (Luppino et al., 2010), and antidepressant prescriptions are common in patients with obesity. Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB), one of the most commonly performed bariatric surgeries for obese patients, results in significant changes to gastric and intestinal architecture.
Estimation of morphological variation in seed traits of Sophora moorcroftiana using digital image analysis

Sophora moorcroftiana is a leguminous plant endemic to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It has excellent abiotic stress tolerance and is considered an ideal species for local ecological restoration. However, the lack of genetic diversity in the seed traits of S. moorcroftiana hinders its conservation and utilization on the plateau. Therefore, in this study, genotypic variation and phenotypic correlations were estimated for nine seed traits among 15 accessions of S. moorcroftiana over two years, 2014 and 2019, respectively from 15 sample points. All traits evaluated showed significant (P< 0.05) genotypic variation. In 2014, accession mean repeatability was high for seed perimeter, length, width, and thickness, and 100-seed weight. In 2019, mean repeatability for seed perimeter and thickness, and 100-seed weight were high. The estimates of mean repeatability for seed traits across the two years ranged from 0.382 for seed length to 0.781 for seed thickness. Pattern analysis showed that 100-seed weight was significantly positively correlated with traits such as seed perimeter, length, width, and thickness, and identified populations with breeding pool potential. In the biplot, principal components 1 and 2 explained 55.22% and 26.72% of the total variation in seed traits, respectively. These accessions could produce breeding populations for recurrent selection to develop S. moorcroftiana varieties suitable for restoring the fragile ecological environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
Differential recognition of influenza A virus H1N1 neuraminidase by DNA vaccine-induced antibodies in pigs and ferrets

Neuraminidase (NA) accounts for approximately 10-20% of the total glycoproteins on the surface of influenza viruses. It cleaves sialic acids on glycoproteins, which facilitates virus entry into the airways by cleaving heavily glycosylated mucins in mucus and the release of progeny virus from the surface of infected cells. These functions make NA an attractive vaccine target. To inform rational vaccine design, we define the functionality of influenza DNA vaccine-induced NA-specific antibodies relative to antigenic sites in pigs and ferrets challenged with a vaccine-homologous A/California/7/2009(H1N1)pdm09 strain. Sera collected pre-vaccination, post-vaccination and post-challenge were analyzed for antibody-mediated inhibition of NA activity using a recombinant H7N1CA09 virus. Antigenic sites were further identified with linear and conformational peptide microarrays spanning the full NA of A/California/04/2009(H1N1)pdm09. Vaccine-induced NA-specific antibodies inhibited the enzymatic function of NA in both animal models. The antibodies target critical sites of NA such as the enzymatic site, second sialic binding site and framework residues, shown here by high-resolution epitope mapping. New possible antigenic sites were identified that potentially block the catalytic activity of NA, including an epitope recognized solely in pigs and ferrets with neuraminidase inhibition, which could be a key antigenic site affecting NA function. These findings show that our influenza DNA vaccine candidate induces NA-specific antibodies that target known critical sites, and new potential antigenic sites of NA, inhibiting the catalytic activity of NA.
Efficacy and safety of fondaparinux in preventing venous thromboembolism in Chinese cancer patients: a single-arm, multicenter, retrospective study

Objective Fondaparinux is a synthetic anticoagulant for the prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE), and its administration in Chinese cancer patients is rarely reported. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of fondaparinux in preventing VTE in Chinese cancer patients. Methods A total of 224 cancer patients who received fondaparinux treatment were reviewed in this single-arm, multicenter, retrospective study. Meanwhile, VTE, bleeding, death, and adverse events of those patients in the hospital and at 1 month after treatment (M1) were retrieved, respectively. Results The in-hospital VTE rate was 0.45% and there was no (0.00%) VTE occurrence at M1. The in-hospital bleeding rate was 2.68%, among which the major bleeding rate was 2.23% and the minor bleeding rate was 0.45%. Moreover, the bleeding rate at M1 was 0.90%, among which both the major and minor bleeding rates were 0.45%. The in-hospital death rate was 0.45% and the death rate at M1 was 0.90%. Furthermore, the total rate of adverse events was 14.73%, including nausea and vomiting (3.13%), gastrointestinal reactions (2.23%), and reduced white blood cells (1.34%). Conclusion Fondaparinux could effectively prevent VTE with low bleeding risk and acceptable tolerance in cancer patients.
Genetic footprints of Quaternary glacial cycles over the patterns of population diversity and structure in three Nacella (Patellogastropoda: Nacellidae) species across the Magellan province in southern South America

Quaternary glaciations severely altered landscape/seascape at high latitudes and had major consequences on species geographical ranges, population sizes, genetic differentiation and speciation rates. The Magellan province in southern South America, constitutes an interesting area to evaluate the effect of glaciations over near-shore marine benthic organisms. Existing data have showed clear signatures of population genetic bottlenecks during glacial maxima followed by recent recolonizations and expansions during the interglacial. Here, we present new population-based analyses in species of the patellogastropod genus Nacella (N. deaurata, N. magellanica, and N. mytilina). The species N. magellanica and N. deaurata inhabit rocky ecosystems while N. mytilina lives closely associated with kelps. The analyzed species exhibit narrow bathymetric ranges and consequently should have been severely affected by recurrent glacial cycles. We performed phylogeographic and demographic analyses in Nacella species including different localities across their respective distributions in the Magellan province including the Falkland/Malvinas Islands (F/M). Genetic analyses showed that all Nacella species exhibited low levels of genetic diversity, the presence of single dominant broadly distributed haplotypes, lack of correlation between geographical and genetic distance, and recent demographic growths, which are evidence supporting rapid postglacial expansions. Such results may have been facilitated by larval and/or rafting-mediated dispersal following the Cape Horn Current System. The three species showed strong and significant differentiation between F/M and southern Pacific margin (SPM) populations including localities across the Strait of Magellan and Cape Horn. Haplotype genealogies and mismatch analyses recognized older and more complex demographic histories in the F/M than in South America. Different glaciological histories between SPM and F/M may be responsible of the marked phylogeographic structure in the analyzed species of Nacella. Alternatively, as previously proposed, the F/M represent a glacial refugium for Nacella species (sink area), as well as a secondary contact zone where endemic haplotypes are found together with recently arrived South American ones. Historical and contemporary processes, contrasting glacial histories between the analyzed areas, as well as life history traits of the analyzed organisms are main factors explaining current phylogeographic patterns of shallow Magellan marine benthic organisms.
Editorial notes: Industrial Internet-of-Things (IIoT)-enabled digital servitisation

The rapid implementation of the third wave of IT innovation (e.g. smart, connected products, Internet-ofThings (IoT)) and the fourth Industrial Revolution (e.g. advanced operation technologies (OTs), Cyber-Physical Systems) has enabled the prevailing industrial digital transformation (i.e. digitalisation), where OT and IT are integrated in an Industrial IoT environment (Sisinni et al. 2018). Meanwhile, ensured by the advanced digital capabilities (i.e. networking, digitalisation and smartness) of Industrial IoT, manufacturing companies are ever increasingly adopting service-oriented business models (i.e. servitisation), to offer smart product-service bundles both internally to the industrial engineers/managers and externally to the customers (Zheng et al. 2019). Such convergence of both digitalisation and servitisation coined an emerging paradigm, digital servitisation (Tronvoll et al. 2020). In this paradigm, software-as-aservice plays a dominant role and often replaces the hardware components in a ‘software-defined X’ manner. As an emerging and promising research topic, this Special issue on ‘Industrial Internet-of-Things (IIoT)-Enabled Digital Servitisation’ aims to present the state-of-the-art methodologies, tools and systems to enable the realisation of Industrial IoT-enabled digital servitisation. After several rounds of critical peer-reviewing processes, 18 representative papers are finally accepted (i.e. 1 review and 17 technical papers), covering the spectrum of 5 domains, of which the main features are briefly stated below:
Relative energetic economy of cleistogamous selfing in three populations of the perennial Ruellia humilis

Premise of research What maintains mixed selfing and outcrossing is an enduring mystery in evolutionary biology. Cleistogamy, where individuals produce both potentially outcrossing chasmogamous and obligately selfing cleistogamous flowers, provides an ideal framework in which to study the evolutionary forces maintaining mixed-mating. Despite their promise for providing insight into mating system evolution, few studies of cleistogamous species have comprehensively investigated the relative costs and benefits of cleistogamous selfing. Methodology We quantified the necessary components to calculate the relative energetic cost of reproduction of the different flower types in three natural populations of the perennial Ruellia humilis Nutt (Acanthaceae). These components include flower dry mass, fertility (fruit set), and seed mass and number per fruit. We also measured pollen-ovule ratios for both flower types as another measure of relative energetic investment. We additionally tracked phenology of the two flower types and used the proportion of chasmogamous flowers to estimate maximum potential outcrossing rates. Pivotal Results We found that the energetic cost of reproduction via cleistogamous flowers was about 4-10 times less than that of reproduction via chasmogamous flowers, and this energetic economy was from both reduced mass and increased fertility of cleistogamous flowers. Pollen ovule ratios in cleistogamous flowers were one third to one half those of chasmogamous flowers, providing additional support for their energetic economy. Maximum potential outcrossing rates in these populations based on chasmogamous flower production were between 43-61%, but chasmogamous flowers can autogamously self at rates of 33-75%. Conclusions The relative energetic economy of cleistogamous flowers suggest that progeny from chasmogamous flowers would have to have 4-10 times greater relative fitness to explain their evolutionary maintenance. These values are likely even greater considering the reduced investment in pollen production in cleistogamous flowers. Ongoing work will quantify potential advantages of chasmogamous flowers due to inbreeding depression and heterosis.
Telomere-to-telomere genome assembly of an allotetraploid pernicious weed, Echinochloa phyllopogon

Echinochloa phyllopogon is an allotetraploid pernicious weed species found in rice fields worldwide that often exhibits resistance to multiple herbicides. An accurate genome sequence is essential to comprehensively understand the genetic basis underlying the traits of this species. Here, the telomere-to-telomere genome sequence of E. phyllopogon was presented. Eighteen chromosome sequences spanning 1.0 Gb were constructed using the PacBio highly-fidelity long technology. Of the 18 chromosomes, 12 sequences were entirely assembled into telomere-to-telomere and gap-free contigs, whereas the remaining six sequences were constructed at the chromosomal level with only eight gaps. The sequences were assigned to the A and B genomes with total lengths of 453 and 520 Mb, respectively. Repetitive sequences occupied 42.93% of the A genome and 48.47% of the B genome, although 32,337, and 30,889 high-confidence genes were predicted in the A and B genomes, respectively. This suggested that genome extensions and gene disruptions caused by repeated sequence accumulation often occur in the B genome before polyploidization to establish a tetraploid genome. The highly accurate and comprehensive genome sequence would contribute to elucidating the population structure of this species and could be a milestone in understanding the molecular mechanisms of the pernicious traits and to developing effective weed control strategies to avoid yield loss in rice production.
Influence‐matrix diagnostic of a data assimilation system

The influence matrix is used in ordinary least‐squares applications for monitoring statistical multiple‐regression analyses. Concepts related to the influence matrix provide diagnostics on the influence of individual data on the analysis—the analysis change that would occur by leaving one observation out, and the effective information content (degrees of freedom for signal) in any sub‐set of the analysed data. In this paper, the corresponding concepts have been derived in the context of linear statistical data assimilation in numerical weather prediction. An approximate method to compute the diagonal elements of the influence matrix (the self‐sensitivities) has been developed for a large‐dimension variational data assimilation system (the four‐dimensional variational system of the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts). Results show that, in the boreal spring 2003 operational system, 15% of the global influence is due to the assimilated observations in any one analysis, and the complementary 85% is the influence of the prior (background) information, a short‐range forecast containing information from earlier assimilated observations. About 25% of the observational information is currently provided by surface‐based observing systems, and 75% by satellite systems.
Multifractal characteristics of combustor dynamics close to lean blowout

In classical literature, blowout is described as loss of static stability of the combustion system whereas thermoacoustic instability is seen as loss of dynamic stability of the system. At blowout, the system transitions from a stable reacting state to a non-reacting state, indicating loss of static stability of the reaction. However, this simple description of stability margin is inadequate since recent studies have shown that combustors exhibit complex nonlinear behaviour prior to blowout. Recently, it was shown that combustion noise that characterizes the regime of stable operation is itself dynamically complex and exhibits multifractal characteristics. Researchers have already described the transition from combustion noise to combustion instability as a loss of multifractality. In this work, we provide a multifractal description for lean blowout in combustors with turbulent flow and thus introduce a unified framework within which both thermoacoustic instability and blowout can be described. Further, we introduce a method for predicting blowout based on the multifractal description of blowout.
A New Understanding of Ebola Virus Disease: A Review of Post Ebola Syndrome and Viral Persistence

Ebola Virus Disease (EVD), caused by Ebola virus, is highly fatal and is mostly restricted to African countries. EVD was previously described as an acute illness, but chronic illness can result as well, making infection more of a public health concern in recent years. New developments have demonstrated that individuals can have new and/or lingering symptoms post recovery, termed post-Ebola syndrome. Another phenomenon is the persistence of Ebola virus in immune privileged sites in survivors post recovery that can lead to viral transmission and/or relapsing infection. Four cohort studies were reviewed that looked at symptoms in survivors, with different levels of follow-up and criteria. A total of 1,833 survivors were enrolled in these studies, all survivors of the 2014-2016 outbreak. This outbreak was very difficult to control, which led to more cases of disease and more disease survivors. Symptoms reported most frequently in survivors included joint pain, headache, and fatigue. Persistence of Ebola virus post recovery has most often been detected in semen but has also been found in breast milk and ocular fluid. Viral persistence in semen has led to a minimum of 112 cases of EVD. Breast milk was linked to at least one case of EVD (from mother to child), but ocular persistence has not yet been linked to transmission. Ebola virus is a zoonotic pathogen, making eradication an unlikely scenario. There is increased need for prevention efforts to combat the high rates of post-Ebola syndrome and instances of viral persistence in survivors, including increasing vaccination efforts of the population at risk and receipt of EVD specific treatments in infected individuals. Treatments
Halal Tourism and Poverty Alleviation: A Case in Indonesia

This study discusses halal tourism, which is a type of tourism that meets Islamic sharia principles. Halal tourism is becoming increasingly popular around the world as more and more Muslim tourists are looking for tourist destinations that comply with sharia principles. This study aims to analyze the potential and development of halal tourism in Riau. This study uses the Panel Data Regression analysis method. The results showed that the variable number of tourist visits had a positive effect on the poverty rate in Riau province. The hotel occupancy rate variable has a negative and significant effect on the poverty rate in Riau province. Some of the supporting factors include the abundant halal food, the compatibility of local culture with Islamic law, and the existence of a mosque that is easy to access.
Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare Vol. 36, No. 1 (March 2009)

of the United States)). Fertility has also declined over the past 25 years among American women; births per 1,000 women aged 15-44 declined sharply in the early 1970s (Figure 20). Since 1975, fertility has fluctuated a little, but has been largely constant. Black and white women have become more similar in their overall child bearing: in 1994 the rate for black women was roughly 12 births higher than for white women, while in 1970, the rate for black women was roughly 31 births higher. Abortion rates remain fairly high for both black and white women; roughly one quarter of the pregnancies of white women journal of Sociology & Social Welfare rCN4 I4 C8 CD 'O Lt FN ~DLr c' LC