Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reconstitution des variations saisonnières de paléotempérature par l’étude du δ18O des dents de vertébrés actuels et fossiles

L’etude de la composition isotopique de l’oxygene de l’email des dents de vertebresconstitue une methode fiable de reconstitution des paleotemperatures, grâce al’interdependance entre le δ18O de l’apatite des dents, le δ18O des fluides corporels, del’eau ingeree et la temperature du milieu. L’amelioration et la miniaturisation des techniquesanalytiques a permis d’augmenter la resolution du signal reconstitue, depuis les variations detemperature sur de grandes echelles de temps jusqu’aux variations saisonnieres durant laformation de la dent. Cependant, ces variations du δ18O de la dent ne sont pas uniquementdependantes des variations de temperature du milieu, mais peuvent egalement etreaffectees par d’autres parametres climatiques, comme la repartition des precipitations aucours de l’annee, ou biologique, comme le mode de mineralisation de la dent, l’alimentation,la physiologie de l’animal ou des migrations.Les parametres biologiques peuvent etre estimes dans le cas de taxons possedantdes parents proches dans la faune actuelle. Par exemple, la connaissance des processus deformation et de mineralisation des dents de bovines actuels permet d’interpreter le signalisotopique de l’oxygene enregistre dans les dents de bovines fossiles. Ainsi, l’analyse dedents de Bison priscus provenant de l’aven de Coudoulous (Lot, France) a permis dereconstituer les variations saisonnieres de temperature au cours de l’avant-dernier episodeglaciaire (MIS 6) au Pleistocene moyen, lorsque la region servait de terrain de chasse aHomo neanderthalensis. Le climat etait a cette epoque plus froid de 4°C en moyenne, maisavec des saisons nettement plus contrastees. Ainsi, si les temperatures estivales etaientidentiques aux valeurs actuelles, les temperatures hivernales etaient plus basses de 6-7°C.En milieu marin, les variations saisonnieres de temperature affectent uniquement leseaux de surface. Les plaques dentaires de myliobatides, un groupe de raies pelagiquesvivant principalement entre 0 et 100 metres de profondeur, sont un outil potentiel pourreconstituer la paleosaisonnalite. L’etude de plaques dentaires de Myliobatis et deRhinoptera actuels montre que la composition isotopique des dents de ces animauxenregistre des variations de temperature et de δ18O des eaux de surface. Ainsi, il est doncpossible de reconstituer les caracteristiques des masses d’eau traversees par l’animal. Cetoutil a egalement un interet paleoecologique car il permet de mettre en evidence d’eventuelscomportements migratoires, comme chez certains myliobatides actuels. L’etude despecimens d’Aetomylaeus provenant du Pliocene de Montpellier (Herault, France) montredes temperatures 5°C plus elevees par rapport aux v aleurs actuelles.
Tuition Rising: Why College Costs So Much

America's elite colleges and universities are the best in the world. They are also the most expensive, with tuition rising faster than the rate of inflation over the past 30 years and no indication that this trend will abate. Ronald G. Ehrenberg explores the causes of this tuition inflation, drawing on his many years as a teacher and researcher of the economics of higher education and as a senior administrator at Cornell University. Using incidents and examples from his own experience, he discusses a wide range of topics, including endowment policies, admissions and financial aid policies, the funding of research, tenure and the end of mandatory retirement, information technology, libraries and distance learning, student housing, and intercollegiate athletics. He shows that elite colleges and universities, having multiple, relatively independent constituencies, differ from ineffective central control of their costs. And in a fascinating analysis of their response to the ratings published by magazines such as "US News and World Report", he shows how they engage in a dysfunctional competition for students. In the short run, these colleges and universities have little need to worry about rising tuition, since the number of qualified students applying for entrance is rising even faster. But in the long run, it is not at all clear that the increases can be sustained.
Testing a Structural Model of Teacher Resilience, Foreign Language Teaching Enjoyment, and Teaching Engagement in an EFL Context

As teaching an additional language is a demanding activity associated with complexities, exploring the factors contributing to work engagement of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers might be a warranted research domain. As an attempt to expand this area, the objective of this research was set to test a model of teaching engagement based on teacher resilience and foreign language teaching enjoyment (FLTE) among Iranian EFL instructors. In doing so, a number of 296 English teachers, selected through convenience sampling, completed a battery of questionnaires measuring the three constructs in question. First, the measurement models for the latent constructs were substantiated through running confirmatory factor analysis. Afterwards, structural equation modeling was employed to test the hypothesized model. Results indicated that although both teacher resilience and FLTE significantly influenced teaching engagement of EFL teachers, the effect of FLTE was greater than resilience in the model. The results may have intriguing implications for EFL teacher education programs.
Headache and Other Head Pain

er only a few weeks before his untimely death on Feb 21, 1962. The first edition (1948) had marked a milestone in our understanding of a most common and important malady. Previous to the publication of the book, headache was regarded as a troublesome accompaniment of a great number of diseases and abnormalities; however, the mechanisms underlying its development were ill understood. Migraine, because of its high incidence and dramatic prodromes, previously had received extensive scrutiny, but diverse and contradictory ideas were still entertained concerning both its nature and causes. Of all men in medicine, Harold Wolff contributed most to the study of headache and to the clarification of its true significance. His monograph was especially valuable because of its circumstantial account of the remarkable observations which he and his associates had made, over a period of 15 years, on the complicated aspects of cerebral circulation in rela¬ tion to headache. The new edition contains new chap¬ ters and summaries. Final editing of page proof and preparation of the con¬ venient index and an unusually inform¬ ative bibliography were supervised by Dr. Wolff's collaborator and long-time associate, Helen Goodell. The second edition possesses many features not included in the original monograph. It contains an account of studies concerning the phenomena of vasoconstriction and the later painful vasodilation and lowered pain threshold which characterize the migraine attack. It presents experiments that demon¬ strate the headache-preventing effect of carbon dioxide-oxygen mixtures and other vasodilator agents. It gives an account of the gain in weight and the development of generalized edema which are prodromes of migraine and also of the localized edema which ac¬ cumulates in painful areas. By analysis of the latter, extensive evidence is pre¬ sented concerning noxious agents which are formed in blood vessel walls and perivascular tissue preceding migraine headache and which influence local
Venus II--geology, geophysics, atmosphere, and solar wind environment

The final orbit of Venus by the Magellan spacecraft in October 1994 brought to a close an exciting period of Venus reconnaissance and exploration. The scientific studies resulting from data collected by the Magellan, Galileo, and Pioneer missions are unprecedented in their detail for any planet except Earth. Venus II re-evaluates initial assessments of Venus in light of these and other spacecraft missions and ground-based observations conducted over the past 30 years. More than a hundred contributors summarize our current knowledge of the planet, consider points of disagreement in interpretation, and identify priorities for future research. Topics addressed include geology, surface processes, volcanism, tectonism, impact cratering, geodynamics, upper and lower atmospheres, and solar wind environment. The diversity of the coverage reflects the interdisciplinary nature of Venus science and the breadth of knowledge that has contributed to it. A CD-ROM developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory accompanies the book and incorporates text, graphics, video, software, and various digital products from selected contributors to the text. A multimedia interface allows users to navigate the text and the extensive databases included on the disk. Venus II is the most authoritative single volume available on the second planet. Its contents will not only help shape the goals of future Venus missions but will also enhance our understanding of current Mars explorations.
Gastrointestinal tract size , total tract digestibility and rumen microflora in 45 different dairy cow genotypes

1 TITLE: Gastrointestinal tract size, total-tract digestibility, and rumen microflora in different dairy cow 2 genotypes 3 4 AUTHOR(S): M. Beecher, F. Buckley, S.M. Waters, T.M. Boland, D. Enriquez-Hidalgo, M.H. Deighton, 5 M. O’Donovan and E. Lewis 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 This article is provided by the author(s) and Teagasc T-Stór in accordance with publisher policies.
Utility and Safety of Bronchoscopic Cryotechniques—A Comprehensive Review

Cryosurgical techniques are employed for diagnostic and therapeutic bronchoscopy and serve as important tools for the management of pulmonary diseases. The diagnosis of interstitial lung disease requires multidisciplinary team discussions after a thorough assessment of history, physical exam, computed tomography, and lung-function testing. However, histological diagnosis is required in selected patients. Surgical lung biopsy has been the gold standard but this can be associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Transbronchial lung cryobiopsy is an emerging technique and multiple studies have shown that it has a high diagnostic yield with a good safety profile. There is wide procedural variability and the optimal technique for cryobiopsy is still under investigation. There is emerging data that demonstrate that cryobiopsy is safe and highly accurate in the diagnosis of thoracic malignancies. Furthermore, cryorecanalization procedures are a useful adjunct for the palliation of tumors in patients with central airway obstruction. One should keep in mind that these procedures are not free from complications and should be carried out in a specialized center by a trained and experienced bronchoscopy team. We present a review of the literature on the diagnostic and therapeutic utility of bronchoscopy-guided cryosurgical procedures and their safety profile.
University of Groningen Structure-preserving model reduction of complex physical systems

Port-based network modeling of complex physical systems naturally leads to port-Hamiltonian system models. This motivates the search for structure-preserving model reduction methods, which allow one to replace high-dimensional port-Hamiltonian system components by reduced-order ones. In this paper we treat a family of structure-preserving reduction methods for port-Hamiltonian systems, and discuss their relation with projection-based reduction methods for DAEs.
Literacy and quality of life: a study of adults with poor literacy capabilities in western Rwanda

This article explores the quality of life of adults with poor literacy capabilities (reading, writing and numeracy) in western Rwanda. A concurrent mixed methods research design was used. Data was collected from respondents aged 18 years and over through a survey and focus group discussions. Quantitative results from linear regression analysis indicate a clear relationship between literacy and life satisfaction in that literacy has a direct and indirect path to explaining quality of life. Qualitative results from thematic analysis identify three main pathways in which subjective quality of life is impacted by illiteracy or low literacy capabilities, namely: economic, familial, intrapersonal and interpersonal. Access to, and participation in, quality adult literacy education has the potential to enhancing subjective quality of life by developing relevant literacy capabilities in individuals.
Automatic Cell Counting With YOLOv5: A Fluorescence Microscopy Approach

Counting cells in a Neubauer chamber on microbiological culture plates is a laborious task that depends on technical experience. As a result, efforts have been made to advance computer vision-based approaches, increasing efficiency and reliability through quantitative analysis of microorganisms and calculation of their characteristics, biomass concentration, and biological activity. However, variability that still persists in these processes poses a challenge that is yet to be overcome. In this work, we propose a solution adopting a YOLOv5 network model for automatic cell recognition and counting in a case study for laboratory cell detection using images from a CytoSMART Exact FL microscope. In this context, a dataset of 21 expert-labeled cell images was created, along with an extra Sperm DetectionV dataset of 1024 images for transfer learning. The dataset was trained using the pre-trained YOLOv5 algorithm with the Sperm DetectionV database. A laboratory test was also performed to confirm result’s viability. Compared to YOLOv4, the current YOLOv5 model had accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 scores of 92%, 84%, 91%, and 87%, respectively. The YOLOv5 algorithm was also used for cell counting and compared to the current segmentation-based U-Net and OpenCV model that has been implemented. In conclusion, the proposed model successfully recognizes and counts the different types of cells present in the laboratory.
Default , liquidity and crises : an econometric framework ∗

In this paper, extending the work by Gourieroux, Monfort and Polimenis (2006) [78], we present a general discrete-time affine framework aimed at jointly modeling yield curves that are associated with different issuers. The underlying fixed-income securities may differ in terms of credit quality and/or in terms of liquidity. The risk factors follow discrete-time Gaussian processes, with drifts and variance-covariance matrices that are subject to regime shifts described by a Markov chain with (historical) non-homogenous transition probabilities. While flexible, the model remains tractable and amenable to empirical estimation. This is illustrated by an application on euro-area government yields. Specifically, the common dynamics of ten euro-area government yield curves are estimated using weekly data spanning the period from 1999 to early 2010. The dynamics of the yield curves are satisfyingly explained by both observable factors and unobservable ones. Among the latter, we exhibit a euro-area-wide liquidity-related latent factor. The estimation results suggest that an important share of the changes in euro-area yield differentials is liquidity-driven. JEL codes: E43, E44, E47, G12, G24.
REvoSim v3: A fast evolutionary simulation tool with ecological processes

Simulations are an important tool for understanding ecology and evolution because they allow greater precision and customisation than traditional experiments or observation (Barido-Sottani et al., 2020; Cabral et al., 2016; Zurrell et al., 2010). Additionally, they can model phenomena that occur over timescales too long to be easily empirically observed, but too short to be studied using the fossil record (Garwood et al., 2019). REvoSim v3 is a flexible, spatially explicit, individual-based eco-evolutionary simulation tool written in C++. It is an update of REvoSim v2 (Garwood et al., 2019) that increases the flexibility of genetic architecture within the simulation while also incorporating ecological processes such as inter-organism interactions.
Spatial and Temporal Analysis of a Tidal Floodplain Landscape-Amapa, Brazil- Using Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing

For at least 22,000 years, Amazonian floodplains (vCzea) have been exploited by human populations. Although they represent a small fraction of the Amazon basin, floodplains contain the most productive ecosystems of the region. Easy access and the abundance of valuable forest products have historically led to higher human population densities and higher resource use than in many interfluvial areas. Recent research has brought attention to land-use and land-cover change in upland Amazonian forests, but relatively little research has been conducted on similar dynamics in the floodplains. In this project, we used photointerpretation of 2970s aerial photographs and digital image classification of Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) 5 imagery from the 1990s to produce land-cover maps used for change detection analysis. A study area in the tidal floodplains of the State of Amapd, in the northern Brazilian Amazon, was evaluated. The accuracy of the Landsat TM classification and errors inherent to the techniques used were assessed. Several changes in the study site were observed, including increases in the areal extent of secondary growth and palm forests and corresponding decreases in intact vCzea forest area.
Factors affecting the reduction rate of odontogenic cysts after decompression based on 3-dimensional volumetric analysis

Purpose This study aimed to investigate the potential factors that could affect the reduction rate of odontogenic cysts following decompression using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) for 3-dimensional volumetric analysis. Materials and Methods The study sample consisted of CBCT images of 41 individuals who underwent decompression of odontogenic cysts at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, between 2010 and 2022. Preoperative and postoperative CBCT results were collected, and a volumetric analysis was conducted to evaluate the differences in the reduction rate and the percentage of volume reduction of cystic lesions based on different parameters. Correlations between these parameters were analyzed to determine associations. Results In this study, the average time of decompression for odontogenic cysts was 316 days. Males demonstrated a higher reduction rate than females (P<0.05). The reduction rate was directly proportional to initial cyst volume, with higher reduction rates for cysts with large initial volume than those with small initial volume (P<0.05). Spearman's rank correlation coefficient indicated a weak positive correlation between the initial cyst volume and the duration of decompression. Additionally, a strong positive correlation was observed between the initial volume and the reduction rate. Conclusion Knowledge of the reduction rate of odontogenic cysts is vital for surgeons to evaluate the duration of decompression before enucleation and to determine a definitive treatment plan. Sex and initial lesion volume had significant effects on the reduction rate.
Functional Distinctions of Endometrial Cancer-Associated Mutations in the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2 Gene

Functional analysis of somatic mutations in tumorigenesis facilitates the development and optimization of personalized therapy for cancer patients. The fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) gene is frequently mutated in endometrial cancer (EC), but the functional implications of FGFR2 mutations in cancer development remain largely unexplored. In this study, we introduced a reliable and readily deployable screening method to investigate the effects of FGFR2 mutations. We demonstrated that distinct mutations in FGFR2 can lead to differential downstream consequences, specifically affecting a disintegrin- and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17)-dependent shedding of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligand heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Furthermore, we showed that the distribution of mutations within the FGFR2 gene can influence their oncogenic effects. Together, these findings provide important insights into the complex nature of FGFR2 mutations and their potential implications for EC. By unraveling the distinct effects of different mutations, our study contributes to the identification of personalized treatment strategies for patients with FGFR2-mutated cancers. This knowledge has the potential to guide the development of targeted therapies that specifically address the underlying molecular alterations associated with FGFR2 mutations, ultimately improving patient outcomes in EC and potentially other cancer types characterized by FGFR2 mutations.
Snow and sea ice thermodynamics in the Arctic:Model validation and sensitivity study against SHEBA data

Evolution of the Arctic sea ice and its snow cover during the SHEBA year were simulated by applying a high-resolution thermodynamic snow/ice model (HIGHTSI). Attention was paid to the impact of albedo on snow and sea ice mass balance, effect of snow on total ice mass balance, and the model vertical resolution. The SHEBA annual simulation was made applying the best possible external forcing data set created by the Sea Ice Model Intercomparison Project. The HIGHTSI control run reasonably reproduced the observed snow and ice thickness. A number of albedo schemes were incorporated into HIGHTSI to study the feedback processes between the albedo and snow and ice thickness. The snow thickness turned out to be an essential variable in the albedo parameterization. Albedo schemes dependent on the surface temperature were liable to excessive positive feedback effects generated by errors in the modelled surface temperature. The superimposed ice formation should be taken into account for the annual Arctic sea ice mass balance.
NEW THEORIES TO EXPLAIN ACID PRECIPITATION IN NORTHERN NEW JERSEY

A BSTRACT: The Northeast Region ofthe United States is known for its acid precipitation, cspecial! v in the New York/New Jersey Metro Region. It has been concluded that nitrogen oxide and sulfur dioxide [rom auto exhaust emissions and industrial activities have a strong association with tile production ofacid precipitation in tile region. In this paper the author will use two studies of local wet deposition (min) of the northern region of New Jersey to associate trends between pll levels and landscape and wind direction. The paper makes use ofthese IJI! level trends to develop new canceptuol models to explain acid deposition: the sea-salt aerosols theory and tree-filter theory. Sea salt aerosols call buffer acid precipitation 11101'1' so ill areas closer to the ocean. in this case, the urban areas ofNew Jersey. III tile forested rural areas of New Jersey. rain falling through and near the leaf Cl/IZOflY can be enhanced before itfalls to tile ground. Local wind patterns, cotnhined with these hu! ferillg factors. call over-ride regional acid ptccipitution trends.