Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An analysis of widget layout attributes to support Android GUI-based testing

In the context of GUI testing, identifying robust locators (i.e., attributes to unambiguously identify on-screen widgets to be used in test sequences) is still considered an unsolved challenge by the researchers’ community. The frequent variation of attributes between different releases of the System Under Test (SUT) leads in fact to testing fragility, i.e., test case failing because of invalidated locators. Recent studies have highlighted the benefits of adopting multi-locator approach, i.e., the combination of multiple locators to enhance the robustness of widget identification.The objective of this work is to provide insights into the composition of Android applications, assessing the characteristics of different layout-based properties and their suitability to be used as locators for widgets in the context of GUI-based testing.We investigated the state of the practice by analysing the distribution of widget values within 30 real apps selected from the Google Play Store. For those apps, we selected two different versions to examine how they evolved over time from both visual and structural perspectives.The results of our analysis showed that providing robust GUI testing over multiple releases of mobile SUTs is difficult, as identifying a single attribute or technique (either coordinate-, property-, or visual-based) capable of locating visual elements is often not sufficient due to missing values, variability, and instability of attributes.
Density factorizations for brownian motion, meander and the three-dimensional bessel process, and applications

Joint densities concerning in particular the value and time of the maximum over a fixed time interval, or the behavior over intervals determined by some first- and last-passage times, are determined for Brownian motion, the three-dimensional Bessel process and Brownian meander. Simple change of measure formulas permit easy passage from one process to the other. Examples are given.
Design of DC-DC Boost Converter Using PFM Switching Technique

An efficient Power management block that utilizes Pulse Frequency Modulation for Thermal Energy harvested applications is presented. The following paper focuses on energy harvesting applications, specifically thermoelectric generation (TEG), which produces a voltage that acts as an input to DCDC boost converters. The small voltages generated by TEG are amplified by controlling the transistor (used in boost converter) using an efficient duty cycle through Pulse Frequency Modulation (PFM). PFM block includes a voltage divider, comparator, charge pump, filter, and VCO. These blocks control the transistors, there by enhancing the DC-DC boost converter’s overall efficiency. The Circuits were simulated using Cadence 180nm technology. An output voltage of approximately 900 mV was achieved with a relatively low input voltage of only 100 mV when the entire block was simulated.
An Adaptive Inverse Model Control Method of Vehicle Yaw Stability With Active Front Steering Based on Adaptive RBF Neural Networks

In order to enhance vehicle yaw stability, this article proposes a novel adaptive inverse model control (AIMC) method for active front steering (AFS) design based on adaptive radial basis function (RBF) neural networks. To approximate the uncertain nonlinearity and modeling errors in vehicle dynamics, an adaptive RBF neural network (ARBFNN) controller is firstly designed. For smaller tracking errors and better robustness, a RBF networks-based AIMC system is further established. Apart from the ARBFNN control law, another two RBF neural networks are utilized, which work as model identifier and inverse model controller, respectively. After being trained offline, both of them are updated by using online learning algorithms. For faster learning and stability, adaptive learning rates are developed. Consequently, the inverse model controller is able to generate required steering wheel angle. Finally, the comparative studies are carried out and the simulation results illustrate the robustness and effectiveness of proposed control strategy.
Frozen Semen Quality of Kolbroek Boars Concerning Glutathione Concentrations

: Glutathione (GSH) is an antioxidant that is being studied for its ability to improve cellular responses to semen preservation challenges. The research goal aimed to evaluate the impact of introducing different glutathione concentrations to boar semen freezing extender (0, 1, 5, and 10 mM) on the Kolbroek boar sperm's quality after being frozen and thawed. For two hours, the collected sperm-rich fraction was chilled at 17°C. Following the 1 h of equilibration, fraction B: control (egg yolk 20% + BTS 72% + glycerol 8%), 1 mM (egg yolk 20% + BTS 70% + glycerol 8% + GSH 2%), 5 mM (egg yolk 20% + BTS 62 + 8% glycerol + GSH 10%) and 10 mM (egg yolk 20% + BTS 52% + glycerol 8% + GSH 20%) was added into the semen samples. Following that, 0.5 mL straws with the diluted, cooled semen samples were submerged in liquid nitrogen (LN 2 ) vapor and then stored inside the LN 2 tank (-196°C). After thawing (37°C), parameters of boar sperm motility, velocity, morphology and viability, membrane permeability, and Malondialdehyde content were assessed and recorded. Using the analysis of variance, the data were examined. The results revealed a difference in total motility (%) on fresh semen as compared to post-thawed control and GSH treatments. A significant difference was revealed in sperm progressive motility (%) in fresh semen (27.07±4.5). Significant differences were recorded in live sperm morphology and viability on fresh semen (81.8±2.8%) compared to control, 1, 5, and 10 mM. In the 10 mM diluted semen (78.5±6.8), the proportion of sperm with an intact plasma membrane integrity was highest ( P <0.05), while the percentage in the 1 mM diluted semen (73.0±2.7) was lower. Malondialdehyde levels were lowest ( P <0.05) in the group receiving 5 mM treatment. In conclusion, 5 mM of GSH is the required amount to be added to the freezing extender while cryopreserving semen from Kolbroek boars.
Characterization of high resolution CMOS monolithic active pixel detector in SOI technology

Novel CMOS monolithic pixel detectors designed at KEK and fabricated at Lapis Semiconductor in 0.2 μm Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) technology are presented. A thin layer of silicon oxide separates high and low resistivity silicon layers, allowing for optimization of design of detector and readout parts. Shallow wells buried under the oxide in the detector part screen the entire pixel electronics from electrical field applied to the detector. Several integration type SOI pixel detectors have been developed with pixel sizes 8–20 μm. The general features of 14 × 14 μm2 detectors designed on different wafers (CZ-n, FZ-n and FZ-p) were measured and compared. The detector performance was studied under irradiation with visible and infra-red laser, and also X-ray ionizing source. Using X-rays from an Am-241 source the noise of readout electronics was measured at different working conditions, showing the ENC in the range of 88–120 e−. The pixel current was calculated from average DC pedestal shift while varying the pixel integration time. The operation of the detector was studied under partial and full depletion conditions. The effects of temperature and detector bias voltage on noise and leakage current were studied. Characteristics of an ADC integrated in the front-end chip are also presented.
Litopenaeus vannamei fermentation using selected Lactobacillus spp. to reduce its allergenicity

ABSTRACT Shrimp is a common cause of food allergies in allergic individuals. The management of patients suffering from shrimp allergy relies on avoidance of the specific food, which compromises nutritional requirements. In this study, fermentation was performed using Lactobacillus to reduce the allergenicity of Litopenaeus vannamei. The optimal fermentation conditions using Lactobacillus helveticus TS6024 were 1% glucose, 30% minced shrimp, 2.5% inoculum level, 3% NaCl, and 60 h of incubation at 37°C, whereas those using Lactobacillus acidophilus 6005 were 2% glucose, 20% minced shrimp, 15% inoculum level, 2% NaCl, and 48 h of incubation at 42°C. Under optimal conditions, Lactobacillus helveticus TS6024 and Lactobacillus acidophilus 6005 fermentation reduced the allergenicity of shrimp by 78.97% and 70.09%, respectively. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the band intensity of tropomyosin (36KDa) reduced evidently after the selected Lactobacillus fermentation. The hypoallergenic shrimp/shrimp products will provide optimal nutrition with reduced risk of adverse reactions in hypersensitive individuals.
Left Ventricle Contouring in Cardiac Images in the Internet of Medical Things via Deep Reinforcement Learning

Assessment of the left ventricle segmentation in cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is of crucial importance for cardiac disease diagnosis. However, conventional manual segmentation is a tedious task that requires excessive human effort, which makes automated segmentation highly desirable in practice to facilitate the process of clinical diagnosis. The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) and artificial intelligence (AI) for efficient medical data collection and analysis have been deemed effective approaches to remote and automatic diagnosis. In this article, we propose a novel reinforcement-learning-based framework for left ventricle contouring, which mimics how a cardiologist outlines the left ventricle in a cardiac image. Since such a contour drawing process is simply moving a paintbrush along a specific trajectory, it is thus analogized to a path finding problem. Following the algorithm of proximal policy optimization (PPO), we train a policy network, which makes a stochastic decision on the agent’s movement according to its local observation such that the generated trajectory matches the true contour of the left ventricle as much as possible. Moreover, we design a deep learning model with a customized loss function to generate the agent’s landing spot (or coordinate of its initial position on a cardiac image). We further propose an alternative approach for generating the landing spot based on interventricular septum detection, which is more efficient since no extra effort in data preprocessing and model training is involved. The experimental results show that the coordinates of the generated landing spots with both of the two approaches are sufficiently close to the true contour and the proposed reinforcement-learning-based approach outperforms the existing U-net model and its improved version, even with a limited training set.
Identification and pathogenicity of Aurifilum species (Cryphonectriaceae, Diaporthales) on Terminalia species in Southern China

﻿Abstract The family of Cryphonectriaceae (Diaporthales) contains many important tree pathogens and the hosts are wide-ranging. Tree species of Terminalia were widely planted as ornamental trees alongside city roads and villages in southern China. Recently, stem canker and cracked bark were observed on 2–6 year old Terminalianeotaliala and T.mantaly in several nurseries in Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province, China. Typical conidiomata of Cryphonectriaceae fungi were observed on the surface of the diseased tissue. In this study, we used DNA sequence data (ITS, BT2/BT1, TEF-1α, rpb2) and morphological characteristics to identify the strains from Terminalia trees. Our results showed that isolates obtained in this study represent two species of Aurifilum, one previously described species, A.terminali, and an unknown species, which we described as A.cerciana sp. nov. Pathogenicity tests demonstrated that both A.terminali and A.cerciana were able to infect T.neotaliala and two tested Eucalyptus clones, suggesting the potential for Aurifilum fungi to become new pathogens of Eucalyptus.
Statistical Representations of Fourth Order Tensor with D∞h Symmetry Associated with Nematic Liquid Crystals

Accepting that a macroscopic physical quantity may be considered as the statistical average of the corresponding molecular physical quantity, we present in this paper the expressions of all the nonvanishing fourth order tensor χijkl with D∞h symmetry associated with nematic liquid crystals-in terms of the corresponding molecular fourth order tensors χijkl and the order parameters S2 and S4.
Symmetrizing dynamics: from classical to quantum applications

Among the issues regarding networked systems, the “consensus problem” and the related algorithms have received a significant share of attention during the last ten years. In this problem the network agents asymptotically have to attain agreement on the value of some objective variable under local communication constraints. A number of algorithms have been developed to address this problem, among which the celebrated gossip algorithm. The latter relays on switching dynamics and, under rather weak assumptions, exhibits robust convergence under variations in the interaction constraints, i.e. the network topology. In this dissertation we reinterpret the goal of the consensus problem as a symmetrisation problem, and we address it by a switching-type dynamics based on convex combinations of actions of a finite group. In order to study the convergence of our class of algorithms we lift the dynamics to an abstract, group-theoretic level that allow us to derive general conditions for convergence. Such conditions, in fact, are independent of the particular group action, and focus only on the group itself and the way the iterations are selected. Convergence is guaranteed provided that some mild assumptions on the selection rule for the iterations are fulfilled. Furthermore, this class of algorithms retains the robustness features and unsupervised character of the consensus algorithm. Our reformulation allow to devise algorithms for application as diverse as randomized discrete Fourier transform and random state generation. We pose a special emphasis on the extension of the consensus problem to the quantum domain. In this setting we highlight how, due to the richer mathematical structure over which the internal state is encoded, the definition of the consensus goal admits various extensions, each of them exhibiting different features. We also propose a suitable dissipative dynamics enacting the symmetrising gossip interactions and then use our general result on convergence to prove it ensures asymptotic convergence. Beside the technical results, one of the main contributions of our work is a new, generalized view point on consensus, which allows us to extend the robustness of consensus-inspired algorithms to new problems in apparently unrelated fields. This reinforces the role of consensus algorithms as fundamental tools for distributed computing, both in the classical and the quantum setting.
Maximum Likelihood Based Analysis of Equally Spaced Longitudinal Count Data with Specified Marginal Means, First-order Antedependence, and Linear Conditional Expectations

This manuscript implements a maximum likelihood based approach that is appropriate for equally spaced longitudinal count data with over-dispersion, so that the variance of the outcome variable is larger than expected for the assumed Poisson distribution. We implement the proposed method in the analysis of two data sets and make comparisons with the semi-parametric generalized estimating equations (GEE) approach that incorrectly ignores the over-dispersion. The simulations demonstrate that the proposed method has better small sample efficiency than GEE. We also provide code in R that can be used to recreate the analysis results that we provide in this manuscript. Maximum Likelihood Based Analysis of Equally Spaced Longitudinal Count Data with Specified Marginal Means, First-order Antedependence, and Linear Conditional Expectations Victoria Gamerman, Matthew Guerra, Justine Shultsa,∗ Department of Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104 Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, CT 06877 Division of Biometrics III, OB, OTS, CDER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD 20993
Size-Constrained Community Search on Large Networks: An Effective and Efficient Solution

As a fundamental graph problem, community search is applied in various areas, e.g., social networks, the world wide web, and biology. A common requirement from real applications is to return a community with a bounded size while most existing solutions do not constrain community size. Recent studies on size-constrained community search still have some critical issues, e.g., the existence of a better cohesiveness objective, some queries returning empty results, and inefficiency on partial queries. Thus, in this paper, we study the size-constrained truss community search (STCS). Given a graph <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$G$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>G</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="zhang-ieq1-3280483.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>, a query vertex <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$q$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>q</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="zhang-ieq2-3280483.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>, and size constraint <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$[l,h]$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mo>[</mml:mo><mml:mi>l</mml:mi><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mi>h</mml:mi><mml:mo>]</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="zhang-ieq3-3280483.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>, the STCS problem aims to find a subgraph containing <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$q$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>q</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="zhang-ieq4-3280483.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> with the largest min-support among all connected subgraphs having at least <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$l$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>l</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="zhang-ieq5-3280483.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> and at most <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$h$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>h</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="zhang-ieq6-3280483.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> vertices. We prove the STCS problem is NP-hard and APX-hard unless P = NP. An effective heuristic is proposed to quickly find a high-quality initial result. Then, a branch and bound algorithm is introduced to find the exact result, with novel optimizations, e.g., budget-cost-based bounding and branching strategies. Extensive experiments verify that the community quality returned by our algorithm is better and our algorithm is faster by up to 5 orders of magnitude, compared with the state-of-the-art.
An exactly divergence-free finite element method for a generalized Boussinesq problem

We propose and analyse a mixed finite element method with exactly divergence-free velocities for the numerical simulation of a generalized Boussinesq problem, describing the motion of a nonisothermal incompressible fluid subject to a heat source. The method is based on using divergence-conforming elements of order k for the velocities, discontinuous elements of order k-1 for the pressure, and standard continuous elements of order k for the discretization of the temperature. The H-1 conformity of the velocities is enforced by a discontinuous Galerkin approach. The resulting numerical scheme yields exactly divergence-free velocity approximations; thus, it is provably energy stable without the need to modify the underlying differential equations. We prove the existence and stability of discrete solutions, and derive optimal error estimates in the mesh size for small and smooth solutions.
Fabrication of NdGaO/sub 3/ buffer layer on textured Ni tape for long length coated conductors

Biaxially aligned NdGaO/sub 3/ (NGO) layers were successfully fabricated on the single crystalline substrates (STO, LAO and NiO/STO) and metallic substrate (NiO/Ni) by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method and post-annealing process. And also, the good biaxial orientation YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-/spl delta// (YBCO) films on NGO layers were deposited by liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) method. From this work, it has been proved for the first time that NGO thin film can be used as a seed layer for the YBCO thick film deposition by LPE method. And it is clear that the NGO thin film growth process, where biaxially orientated films were deposited using PLD at room temperature followed by simple post-annealing process, is very effective for the uniform long length coated conductor production.
Brownian Motion of Spins

Stochastic models of Brownian motion of a spin are discussed. If a frictional resistance is assumed to accompany the random field causing Brownian motion, the stochastic equation of spin motion leads to a Fokker-Planck equation which guarantees approach to thermal equilibrium. With a Landau-Lifshitz type friction assumed, the average magnetic moment is shown to obey the Bloch equation.
Percutaneous Pain Procedures in Patients Who Underwent Lumbar Disc Herniation Surgery: Is It an Important Tool in the Management of Post-Surgical Ongoing Pain?

AIM Treatment of ongoing pain in patients undergoing disc surgery is extremely difficult, and there is no consensus. Our study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous pain interventions in these patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 48 patients with persistent / recurring complaints who underwent lumbar disc surgery (LDS) and were treated with percutaneous interventions. They were grouped into recurrent disc herniations (RDHs) and other discovertebral pathologies (ODVP). Moreover, patients were evaluated as those who received transforaminal injection (TFI) with facet blockage (FB) and who received both caudal injection (CI) and TFI in addition to FB. Patients were evaluated using Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and visual analog scale (VAS). RESULTS Between the recurrent and ODVP groups, preoperative, 1 h postoperative, and 6 mo postoperative ODI (p = 0.867, p = 0.055, p = 0.892) and VAS (p = 0.902, p = 0.136, p = 0.462) scores did not show a statistically significant difference, respectively. Additionally, in the comparison of patients who underwent FB+TFI+CI and only FB+TFI, there was no statistically significant correlation between preoperative and 6 mo postoperative ODI (p = 0.284) and VAS (p = 0.248) scores in both recurrent and ODVP groups, respectively. The success rates at the 3rd and 6th mo of patients with RDH and ODVP were 47.61% (10/21) and 42.85% (9/21) and 70.37% (19/27) and 63.96% (17/27), respectively. CONCLUSION There was no statistically significant difference in ODI and VAS scores between recurrent and ODVP groups. The clinical success rate was numerically better in the ODVP group. Thus, we suggest that co-administration of TFI and CI did not significantly contribute to our clinical outcome.
Comparison of Interferometry Techniques of Identification of Structures of Solid Media

This work presents a comparison between cross-correlation, crosscoherency and deconvolution in order to visualize their interrelations and possible performance under different circumstances of usage. Each interferometry method possesses its very own advantage. For example, although cross-correlation does not eliminate the source signature, it has the best performance for noisy signals. When arriving times are of primary importance, cross-coherence presents advantages as it is more precise though disregards the spectral amplitude. ATINER CONFERENCE PAPER SERIES No: CIV2014-1027
Distributed Reduced-order Optimal Fusion Kalman Filters for Stochastic singular Systems

Based on the optimal fusion algorithm weighted by matrices in the linear minimum variance (LMV) sense, a distributed full-order optimal fusion Kalman filter (DFFKF) is given for discrete-time stochastic singular systems with multiple sensors, which involves the inverse of a high-dimension matrix to compute matrix weights. To reduce the computational burden, a distributed reduced-order fusion Kalman filter (DRFKF) is presented, which involves in parallel the inverses of two relatively low-dimension matrices to compute matrix weights. A simulation example shows the effectiveness.