Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Latent Class Models for Joint Analysis of Longitudinal Biomarker and Event Process Data

A retrospective substudy of the nutritional prevention of cancer (NPC) trials investigated the utility of longitudinally measured prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as a biomarker for subsequent onset of prostate cancer (PCa). Serial PSA levels were determined retrospectively from frozen blood samples that had been collected from all patients at successive clinic visits with the timing and the number of these visits highly variable. Diagnosis dates of all incident cases of PCa were recorded. Heterogeneity in PSA trajectories was observed that could not be fully explained by the usual linear mixed-effects model and measured covariates. Latent class models that incorporate both a longitudinal biomarker process and an event process offer a way to handle additional heterogeneity, to uncover distinct subpopulations, to incorporate correlated nonnormally distributed outcomes, and to classify individuals into risk classes. Our latent class joint model can aid the prediction of PCa probability given the longitudinal biomarker information available on an individual up to any date. The proposed model easily accommodates highly unbalanced longitudinal data and recurrent events. There are two levels of structure in the latent class joint model. First, the uncertainty of latent class membership is specified through a multinomial logistic model. Second, the class-specific marker trajectory and event process are specified parametrically and semiparametrically, under the assumption of conditional independence given the latent class membership. We use a likelihood approach to obtain parameter estimates via the EM algorithm. We fit the latent class joint model to the data from the NPC trials; four distinct subpopulations are identified that differ with regard to their PSA trajectories and risk for prostate cancer. Higher PSA level is significantly associated with increased risk of PCa, but appears to be conditionally independent once the latent classes are taken into account. Among the covariates, selenium supplementation and age at entry are statistically significant for various parts of the model. Assumptions—in particular the conditional independence between the longitudinal PSA biomarker and time to PCa diagnosis—are assessed.
Weibo Depression Posts Detection by Natural Language Processing

The goal of this paper is to detect depression based on the posts on social media. The dataset combined both tweet dataset and Weibo dataset scraped from the social media. To classify emotions, researchers have been using traditional models such as Bagging, Support Vector Machines, Decision tree, Multinomial Naïve Bayesian and K-nearest neighbor. In this paper, K- nearest neighbor is chosen based on the better precision in result. The main challenge is Chinese context translation and complexity of the context of the post. Finally, an UI page is designed to complete the mission to input a Weibo ID and output of the depression classification. Our approach achieves relatively higher quality results compared to the previous models in literature, while combining depression detection with the real-time social media posts. With this system, we demonstrate the practicability of our project by predicting the depression situation of Internet users through the model, to bring help to the depressed people or people with potential depression tendencies in society.
ION-ACOUSTIC SHOCKS IN QUANTUM ELECTRON–POSITRON–ION PLASMAS

Nonlinear propagation of quantum ion-acoustic waves (QIAWs) in a dense quantum plasma whose constituents are electrons, positrons, and positive ions is investigated using a quantum hydrodynamic model. The standard reductive perturbation technique is used to derive the Korteweg–de Vries–Burger (KdVB) equation for QIAWs. It is shown by numerical simulation that the KdVB equation has either oscillatory or monotonic shock wave solutions depending on the system parameters H proportional to quantum diffraction, μi the effect of ion kinematic viscosity, and μ the equilibrium electron to ion density ratio. The results may have relevance in dense astrophysical plasmas (such as neutron stars) as well as in intense laser solid density plasma experiments where the particle density is about 1025−1028m−3.
A multi-epoch spectrophotometric atlas of symbiotic stars

A multi-epoch, absolute-fluxed spectral atlas extending from about 3200 to 9000 A is presented for 130 symbiotic stars, including members of the LMC, SMC and Draco dwarf galaxies. The fluxes are accurate to better than 5% as shown by comparison with Tycho and ground-based photometric data. The spectra of 40 reference objects (MKK cool giant standards, Mira and Carbon stars, planetary nebulae, white dwarfs, hot sub-dwarfs, Wolf-Rayet stars, classical novae, VV Cep and Herbig Ae/Be objects) are provided to assist the interpretation of symbiotic star spectra. Astrometric positions and counterparts in astrometric catalogues are derived for all program symbiotic stars. The spectra are available in electronic form from the authors.
Ghosts, instabilities, and superluminal propagation in modified gravity models

We consider modified gravity models involving inverse powers of fourth order curvature invariants. Using these models’ equivalence to the theory of a scalar field coupled to a linear combination of the invariants, we investigate the properties of the propagating modes. Even in the case for which the fourth derivative terms in the field equations vanish, we find that the second derivative terms can give rise to ghosts, instabilities, and superluminal propagation speeds. We establish the conditions which the theories must satisfy in order to avoid these problems in Friedmann backgrounds, and show that the late time attractor solutions generically exhibit superluminally propagating tensor or scalar modes.
Characterization and Separation of Lignin from Kraft Black Liquor with Different Alcohols

The aim of this study was to investigate the properties of lignin obtained from black liquors of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and European aspen (Populus tremula L.) woods cooked by Kraft method. In the study, the cooking process was carried out according to parameters such as: 1/4 of wood/liquor ratio, cooking temperature at (170±2) °C, and cooking time of 90 min. After the cooking process, the black liquor was taken to a beaker from the digester, and lignin was recovered in different ways from the black liquor with methyl alcohol (MeOH) and ethyl alcohol (EtOH). The material properties of the recovered lignin were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Commercial lignin (cml-lignin) was used to compare the properties of lignin obtained from black liquor. SEM images showed that the particle sizes of lignin obtained with EtOH and MeOH were similar. In FT-IR, it was detected that the recovered lignin types have similar functional groups, while some differences were observed in intensities of the peaks. XRD results revealed that all lignin types were found to have a similar structure with the cml-lignin, and that alcohol types used during the recovery process of lignin do not have an important effect on the structural properties of lignin. The TGA results indicated that the thermal stability of recovered lignin has better thermal stability than cml-lignin. The results showed that the recovered lignin was similar to commercial lignin and that it can be recovered from the liquor leftover from Kraft pulping by the method described and used in industry.
Calibration of METEOSAT Infrared Radiometer using Split Window Channels of NOAA AVHRR

Abstract A multispectral/multiangular procedure is proposed to calibrate the infrared channel of METEOSAT-2 IR 1 (760–980 cm−1), using the radiances of NOAA-7 AVHRR channels 4 (870–980 cm−1) and 5 (795–885 cm−1). The METEOSAT radiance can be successfully simulated by using one or both AVHRR infrared channels. The calibration coefficients are strongly influenced by the airmass (propagation paths) or incident zenith angles (θi). With one AVHIRR channel, the best results are obtained at θM θN for channel 5. With both AVHRR channels, the best results are found at θM = θN; however, an overall accuracy of less than 0.2 K is achievable at almost any viewing geometry. Application of the procedure to real data shows that the calibration factor for the METEOSAT-2 IR 1 channel can be accurately estimated from the NOAA AVHRR data on the same date and zone. The method can easily be automated and used to calculate or adjust the calibration factors for METEOSAT-2.
Birth of a timelike naked singularity

We investigate the causal structure of the Harada-Iguchi-Nakao (HIN)'s exact solution in detail, which describes the dynamical formation of naked singularity in the collapse of a regular spherical cluster of counterrotating particles. There are three kinds of radial null geodesics in the HIN spacetime. One is the regular null geodesics and the other two are the null geodesics which terminate at the singularity. The central massless singularity is timelike naked singularity and satisfies the strong curvature condition along the null geodesics except for the instant of singularity formation. The cluster dynamically asymptotes to the singular static Einstein cluster in which centrifugal force is balanced with gravity. The HIN solution provides an interesting example which demonstrates that collisionless particles invoke timelike naked singularity.
Understanding laser-induced ultrafast magnetization in ferromagnets: First-principles investigation

Ultrafast demagnetization in ferromagnets has attracted much attention both experimentally and theoretically for over a decade. This includes a lively debate as to whether the observed signal represents a true magnetization process. Here, a first-principles and time-dependent calculation is performed for ferromagnetic nickel under laser illumination to directly compute the magnetization and polarization changes. It is found that while the polarization exhibits both rapid and slow oscillations, the magnetization mainly shows a slow oscillation. The slow component of the polarization generally follows the magnetization evolution with a margin of 2–3fs deviation. The correlation between the magnetization and polarization tends to be better in the absence of laser radiation.
Coherently controlled adiabatic passage to multiple continuum channels

We present a solution to the multichannel quantum control problem, where selective and complete population transfer from an initial bound state to M energetically degenerate continuum channels is achieved under loss-free conditions. The control is affected by adiabatic passage proceeding via N bound intermediate states, where even in the presence of real loss from these states, the control efficiency remains significant, about 40-50%. We illustrate the viability of the method by computationally controlling the CH{sub 3}(v)+I*({sup 2}P{sub 1/2})<-CH{sub 3}I{yields}CH{sub 3}(v)+I({sup 2}P{sub 3/2}) multichannel photodissociation process.
Design for wellbeing in hospital routines for paediatric cancer treatment

Abstract Children’s experiences while undergoing treatment for chronic diseases (e.g. cancer) may influence their subjective wellbeing. According to design for wellbeing, introducing playful elements to daily activities (e.g. toys) contributes to improvement of positive affect and mitigation of negative affect—thus, improving subjective wellbeing overall. The primary goal of this research is to identify situations in hospital routine that can be redesigned through playful strategies to improve subjective wellbeing. A team of designers and psychologists engaged in weekly games with young patients hospitalised in the paediatric cancer unit. Participatory observations focused on feelings that children shared about their personal experiences and those with friends about the hospital routines. Thematic analysis was conducted after 10 weeks of play. Several project opportunities emerged from results. We proposed a product designed to support patients during hospitalisation through a co-design process with hospital staff aimed at improving patient’s subjective wellbeing.
QEEG Signatures are Associated with Nonmotor Dysfunctions in Parkinson's Disease and Atypical Parkinsonism: An Integrative Analysis

Parkinson’s disease (PD) and atypical parkinsonism (AP), including progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and multiple system atrophy (MSA), share similar nonmotor symptoms. Quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) can be used to examine the nonmotor symptoms. This study aimed to characterize the patterns of QEEG and functional connectivity (FC) that differentiate PD from PSP or MSA, and explore the correlation between the differential QEEG indices and nonmotor dysfunctions in PD and AP. We enrolled 52 patients with PD, 31 with MSA, 22 with PSP, and 50 age-matched health controls to compare QEEG indices among specific brain regions. One-way analysis of variance was applied to assess QEEG indices between groups; Spearman's correlations were used to examine the relationship between QEEG indices and nonmotor symptoms scale (NMSS) and mini-mental state examination (MMSE). FCs using weighted phase lag index were compared between patients with PD and those with MSA/PSP. Patients with PSP revealed higher scores on the NMSS and lower MMSE scores than those with PD and MSA, with similar disease duration. The delta and theta powers revealed a significant increase in PSP, followed by PD and MSA. Patients with PD presented a significantly lower slow-to-fast ratio than those with PSP in the frontal region, while patients with PD presented significantly higher EEG-slowing indices than patients with MSA. The frontal slow-to-fast ratio showed a negative correlation with MMSE scores in patients with PD and PSP, and a positive correlation with NMSS in the perception and mood domain in patients with PSP but not in those with PD. Compared to PD, MSA presented enhanced FC in theta and delta bands in the posterior region, while PSP revealed decreased FC in the delta band within the frontal-temporal cortex. These findings suggest that QEEG might be a useful tool for evaluating the nonmotor dysfunctions in PD and AP. Our QEEG results suggested that with similar disease duration, the cortical neurodegenerative process was likely exacerbated in patients with PSP, followed by those with PD, and lastly in patients with MSA.
Integrable sigma models with theta = pi

A fundamental result relevant to spin chains and two-dimensional disordered systems is that the sphere sigma model with instanton coupling theta=pi has a non-trivial low-energy fixed point and a gapless spectrum. This result is extended to two series of sigma models with theta=pi: the SU(N)/SO(N) sigma models flow to the SU(N)_1 WZW theory, while the O(2N)/O(N)\times O(N) models flow to O(2N)_1 (2N free Majorana fermions). These models are integrable, and the exact quasiparticle spectra and S matrices are found. One interesting feature is that charges fractionalize when theta=pi. I compute the energy in a background field, and verify that the perturbative expansions for \theta=0 and pi are the same as they must be. I discuss the flows between the two sequences of models, and also argue that the analogous sigma models with Sp(2N) symmetry, the Sp(2N)/U(N) models, flow to Sp(2N)_1.
Dynamic spectral shape features as acoustic correlates for initial stop consonants

A comprehensive investigation of two acoustic feature sets for English stop consonants spoken in syllable initial position was conducted to determine the relative invariance of the features that cue place and voicing. The features evaluated were overall spectral shape, encoded as the cosine transform coefficients of the nonlinearly scaled amplitude spectrum, and formants. In addition, features were computed both for the static case, i.e., from one 25-ms frame starting at the burst, and for the dynamic case, i.e., as parameter trajectories over several frames of speech data. All features were evaluated with speaker-independent automatic classification experiments using the data from 15 speakers to train the classifier and the data from 15 different speakers for testing. The primary conclusions from these experiments, as measured via automatic recognition rates, are as follows: (1) spectral shape features are superior to both formants, and formants plus amplitudes; (2) features extracted from the dynamic sp.
Coherent collective dynamics and entanglement evolution of polar molecules on 1D lattices

We study a LiCs strongly-interacting molecular gas loaded into an one-dimensional optical lattice at quarter filling. The molecules are in the lowest electronic and vibrational state, $X^{1}\Sigma$ ($\nu=0$). Due to the large intermolecular distance and low filling, dipole-dipole interaction in the nearest-neighbor approximation governs the dynamics of the rotational excitations. For low DC electric field strengths, the full set of rotational levels $N=0,1$ must be taken into account, nevertheless, our calculations show that very weak fields act as field-selectors disclosing two- and three-level systems out of the original four-level one. The dynamics and the generated von Neumann entanglement entropy among the internal rotational states throughout the evolution are presented for low, moderate and strong fields . We observe a sharp and monotonous growth of the entanglement as the dynamics take place showing the potential of these molecular systems to be used in quantum information protocols. The numerical simulations are performed by means of the Time-Evolving Block Decimation algorithm based on the Matrix Product State formalism and the Susuki-Trotter decomposition.
Orbital and spin contributions to the g tensors in metal nanoparticles

We present a theoretical study of the mesoscopic fluctuations of g tensors in a metal nanoparticle. The calculations were performed using a semirealistic tight-binding model, which contains both spin and orbital contribution to the g tensors. The results depend on the product of the spin-orbit scattering time tau(so) and the mean-level spacing delta, but are otherwise weakly affected by the specific shape of a generic nanoparticle. We find that the spin contribution to the g tensors agrees with random matrix theory (RMT) predictions. On the other hand, in the strong spin-orbit coupling limit deltatau(so)/h-->0, the orbital contribution depends crucially on the space character of the quasiparticle wave functions: it levels off at a small value for states of d character but is strongly enhanced for states of sp character. Our numerical results demonstrate that when orbital coupling to the field is included, RMT predictions overestimate the typical g factor of orbitals that have dominant d-character. This finding points to a possible source of the puzzling discrepancy between theory and experiment. (Less)
Infrared studies of galactic nebulae. IV - Continuum and line radiation from planetary nebulae.

Observations are reported of the detection of IR radiation from several planetary nebulae not previously known to be radiating at these wavelengths. Broad spectral bandwidth observations indicate that ir radiation in excess of that expected from atomic processes is a common phenomenon among these objects. Investigations with narrow spectral bandwidth show that in a few cases the energy in the 10.52-micron line is a significant fraction of the total energy observed in the broad-band measurements and in other cases a relatively small fraction of the total radiation. Other observations on two sources with narrow spectral bandwidth adjacent to the 10.52-micron line indicate that at these wavelengths a true continuum of radiation exists as well as lines. The results are discussed in relation to visual and radio-wavelength data.
Heat can flow from cold to hot in Microcanonical Thermodynamics of finite systems and the microscopic origin of phase transitions

Microcanonical Thermodynamics [1] allows the application of Statistical Mechanics to ﬁnite and even small systems. As surface eﬀects cannot be scaled away, one has to be careful with the standard arguments of splitting a system into two or bringing two systems into thermal contact with energy or particle exchange: Not only the volume part of the entropy must be considered. The addition of any other macroscopic constraint like a dividing surface, or the enforcement of gradients of the energy/particle reduce the entropy. As will be shown here, when removing such constraint in regions of a negative heat capacity, the system may even relax under a ﬂow of heat against the temperature slope . Thus Clausius formulation of the Second Law: ”Heat always ﬂows from hot to cold” can be violated. However, the Second Law is still satisﬁed and the total Boltzmann-entropy is rising. In the ﬁnal chapter the general microscopic mechanism leading to the convexity of the microcanonical entropy at phase separation is discussed. This is explained for the liquid–gas and the solid–liquid transition.
Pengaruh Kepemimpinan terhadap Kinerja Perangkat Desa dengan Kepuasan dan Komitmen Sebagai Variabel Mediasi

This study aims to examine and analyze the influence of leadership on the performance of village officials by using two mediations at once in the form of commitment and job satisfaction. This research method uses a quantitative research approach. This study was designed using survey research techniques. The population used in this study were village officials from 7 villages in Pulau Tengah, Keliling Danau District, Kerinci Regency. The data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis technique and Partial Least Squares (PLS). The results obtained are, firstly, based on the results of leadership testing, it has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction in 7 villages in Pulau Tengah, Kerinci district. Second, based on testing the results of leadership have no effect on organizational commitment. Third, based on the results of the PLS test, the leadership variable of the village head affects the performance of the village apparatus. Fourth, based on the results of this study, it shows that based on the results of testing job satisfaction has a significant effect on the performance of village officials. Fifth, the results obtained that organizational commitment affects the performance of village officials. Sixth, research shows a significant influence of leadership on performance mediated by satisfaction. Seventh, research shows that leadership has no effect on performance mediated by organizational commitment.