Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of low frequency plasma waves in turbulent magnetosheath: downstream of the Earth's bow shock

The knowledge of the dynamics and characteristics of space plasma during solar-terrestrial coupling has been greatly enriched by process that aids the determination of the instantaneous frequencies which support the non-stationary and non-linear nature of signals. Such plasmas are observed in the magnetosheath in the downstream of bow shock. In this thesis a technique was applied which extracts the various contributing oscillatory modes reflecting the waveforms observed in the space by Cluster spacecraft instruments such as FGM, CIS and EFW, and decompose the frequency of each extracted mode using Instantaneous Frequency method that is based on Simple Hilbert Transform (SHT). This is achieved through the use of Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD). To eliminate the negative frequency of the various extracted modes referred to as intrinsic mode function which appears with Fourier transform, we apply Hilbert transform leading to analytic representation of the signals. This process aids the determination of the instantaneous frequencies of the extracted modes. The combined process of EMD and Hilbert transform is called the Hilbert-Huang transform. The results in this thesis have been based on the improved EMD. To contribute to the understanding of plasma dynamics, the computed instantaneous frequencies are compared with the results obtained from the application of Simple Hilbert Transform. Instantaneous frequencies of overriding waves are easily separated as opposed to the application of just SHT. They offer the advantage of 3-dimensional study of the spatial characteristics of waves. The understanding of the instantaneous wave number has been achieved through the EMD and SHT combination. This provides the results which give the wave vector for a known frequency at a given instant of time. The instantaneous dispersion relation is determined using the knowledge of the instantaneous frequency and wave vector in the satellite frame, the plasma bulk velocity and the spacecraft velocity (found to be negligible compared with the plasma bulk velocity). This is accomplished using a Doppler shift relation. Wave modes identifications have been carried out by considering the proton temperature anisotropies, plasma beta and plasma bulk velocity and instantaneous phase velocity in the satellite frame. We report Alfven mode close to the bow shock, spreading out to mirror mode which dominates the middle of magnetosheath. The mirror mode then diminishes towards the magnetopause.
2 Kinematical Analysis for “ Spin Light of Neutrino

The fermion spin-flip conversion fL → fR + γ is considered, caused by the difference of the additional energies of the electroweak origin, acquired by leftand right-handed fermions (neutrino, electron) in medium. An accurate taking account of the fermion and photon dispersion in medium is performed. It is shown that the threshold arises in the process, caused by the photon (plasmon) effective mass. This threshold leaves no room for the so-called “spin light of neutrino” and “spin light of electron” in the real astrophysical situations. PACS Nos.: 13.15. +g, 95.30. Cq Submitted to International Journal of Modern Physics A ∗ e-mail: avkuzn@uniyar.ac. ru † e-mail: mikheev@uniyar.ac. ru
Handbook on Research Methods in Transport Economics and Policy

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“Natural” Mathematics

As a science becomes mature it usually relies more and more on mathematical ideas. It has followed that in so far as mathematics is not entirely a “pure” subject, its content has been dictated by the more mature, that is, by the physical sciences. Nevertheless, it is slowly being appreciated that the permeation of mathematics through to the non-physical sciences must imply sooner or later a partial reorientation of the existing attitude.
Condition monitoring of wind turbine drivetrains using wavelet analysis

Wind turbine drivetrains are often plagued by premature component failures, where failures in the multi-stage gearbox have been shown to cause the longest downtime of the turbine and therefore the highest costs. Investigations show that the bearings cause the majority of component failures over the gears in the gearbox. To identify early information of failing bearings and gears, vibration condition monitoring of the wind turbine drivetrain has emerged as the preferred technique. The fast Fourier transform (FFT) is still the major signal processing method of vibrations, often used with the enveloping technique to get early indication of bearing faults. The discrete wavelet transform (DWT) has been used in bearing monitoring research for the last 20 years to identify the attenuated shape in vibration signals created by the impact when a fault is present on one of the bearing components. Most of the previous bearing condition monitoring work using wavelet transform analysis has been done with data collected from bearings mounted in a test rig, and wind turbine field data has only been made available recently. In the DWT, the low frequency component of vibration signals from an analysed bearing is decomposed by lowand high-pass filters created from a mother wavelet, i.e. a pre-defined shape more closely mimicking the waveform from an impact than the FFT’s sinusoidal, yielding time and frequency domain data. A more advanced method is the wavelet packet transform (WPT), which extends the DWT and decomposes the entire frequency domain of the signal and stores the wavelet coefficients in easily handled packets, each with a known frequency span. The choice of mother wavelet when performing condition monitoring of bearing failures using wavelet transforms has previously been investigated in a few instances. These studies were performed using either or both simulated and collected test rig data, with no apparent consensus of optimal mother wavelet reached. Also, how wavelet transforms and the FFT compare regarding fault detection in wind turbine drivetrain bearings has been largely overlooked in literature when applied on field data. Thereby, detrimental influence from non-ideal placement of sensors in the signal compared to test rigs, has not been taken into account. This thesis’ attempts to fill in the gap of knowledge of how wavelet transforms can perform in field data applications when utilized similarly to the FFT. First, the optimal selection of 130 possible variations of mother wavelet which can be used in the DWT is investigated. The primary parameter used to rank the respective performance of the mother wavelets is their respective ability to monitor the excitation of specific frequency components from faulty wind turbine gearbox bearings. Also, methods using the Shannon entropy of the filtered output from the DWT, which have been reported in literature to
Miniaturization of Substrate Integrated Waveguide based Antennas for Microwave Communications

Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) technology is the most emerging technology for the implementation of effective radiating systems for the future wireless systems. It is a synthetic rectangular electromagnetic waveguide which is formed in a dielectric substrate by densely arraying metalized posts or via-holes which connect the upper and lower metal plates to form a radiating system. SIW antennas are used in many applications in the field of communication systems due to several advantages such as light weight, low production cost, low profile, reproducibility, reliability, and integration with solid state devices. This paper presents the methods of miniaturization of equilateral triangular micro strip antenna based on SIW technology. The performance of the proposed antennas is observed by doing some significant changes to the construction of the patch, substrate and ground with specified dimensions. The coaxial feeding at a specified location is used to achieve better impedance matching and Arlon AD270 substrate having dielectric constant 2.7 with optimum values of substrate heights are used. The miniaturization and performance of the antennas are compared in terms of Return losses, VSWR, radiation pattern and gain. The proposed antennas are designed and simulated using Finite element method based HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator) version software.
Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein Is Stimulated by Glucose through a Carbohydrate Response Element and Induces (cid:1) -Cell Apoptosis

Recently, we identified thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) as the most dramatically glucose-induced gene in our human islet microarray study. TXNIP is a regulator of the cellular redox state, but its role in pancreatic (cid:1) -cells and the mechanism of its regulation by glucose remain unknown. We therefore generated a stable transfected (cid:1) -cell line (INS-1) overexpressing human TXNIP and found that TXNIP overex- pression induced apoptosis as assessed by Bax, Bcl2, caspase-3, and cleaved caspase-9 as well as Hoechst staining. Interestingly, islets of insulin-resistant/diabetic mice (AZIP-F1, BTBR ob/ob ) demonstrated elevated TXNIP expression, suggestingthatTXNIPmayplayaroleinglucotoxicityandthe (cid:1) -cell loss observed under these conditions. Furthermore, we found that glucose-induced TXNIP transcription is not dependent on glucose metabolism and is mediated by a distinct carbohydrate response element (ChoRE) in the human TXNIP promoterconsistingofaperfectnonpalindromicrepeatoftwoE-boxes.TransfectionstudiesdemonstratedthatthisChoREwasnecessaryandsufficienttoconferglucoseresponsive-ness.Thus,TXNIPisanovelproapoptotic (cid:1) -cell gene elevated in insulin resistance/diabetes and up-regulated by glucose throughauniqueChoREandmaylinkglucotoxicityand (cid:1) -cell apoptosis. ( Endocrinology 146: 2397–2405, 2005) labeling; protein.
Store-Operated Calcium Entry in Human Oocytes and Sensitivity to Oxidative Stress 1

Calcium signaling is a cellular event that plays a key role at many steps of fertilization and early development. However, little is known regarding the contribution of extracellular Ca 2 þ influx into the cell to this signaling in gametes and early embryos. To better know the significance of calcium entry on oocyte physiology, we have evaluated the mechanism of store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) in human metaphase II (MII) oocytes and its sensitivity to oxidative stress, one of the major factors implicated in the outcome of in vitro fertilization (IVF) techniques. We show that depletion of intracellular Ca 2 þ stores through inhibition of sarco(endo)plasmic Ca 2 þ -ATPase with thapsigargin triggers Ca 2 þ entry in resting human oocytes. Ba 2 þ and Mn 2 þ influx was also stimulated following inhibition, and Ca 2 þ entry was sensitive to pharmacological inhibition because the SOCE blocker 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborate (2-APB) reduced calcium and barium entry. These results support the conclusion that there is a plasma membrane mechanism responsible for the capacitative divalent cation entry in human oocytes. Moreover, the Ca 2 þ entry mechanism described in MII oocytes was found to be highly sensitive to oxidative stress. Hydrogen peroxide, at micromolar concentrations that could mimic culture conditions in IVF, elicited an increase of [Ca 2 þ ] i that was dependent on the presence of extracellular Ca 2 þ . This rise was preventable by 2-APB, indicating that it was mainly due to the enhanced influx through store-operated calcium channels. In sum, our results demonstrate the occurrence of SOCE in human MII oocytes and the modification of this pathway due to oxidative stress, with possible consequences in IVF.
Quantitative In Vivo Comparison Pathways by Exogenous Antigens: A Loading of MHC Class I and II Presentation

The MHC class I pathway is usually fueled by endogenous Ags, while exogenous Ags reach the MHC class II pathway. Although exogenous epitopes may also enter the MHC class I pathway, quantiﬁcation of the efﬁciency of the process has remained a difﬁcult task. In an attempt of such a quantiﬁcation, we directly compared the amount of exogenous virus-like particles required for induction of cytotoxic T cell responses by cross-priming with the amount of virus-like particles required for induction of Th cell responses by the conventional route of MHC class II loading as an internal standard. Surprisingly, we found that cross-presen-tation of peptides derived from exogenous Ags on MHC class I molecules is of only marginally lower efﬁciency ( (cid:1) 1- to 10-fold) than the classical MHC class II pathway in vitro and in vivo. Thus, Ag quantities required for cross-presentation and cross-priming are similar to those required for fueling the MHC class II pathway. The Journal of Immunology, 2004, 172: 6129–6135. cell immunity is induced when Ag is presented to speciﬁc T cells together with costimulatory signals in secondary lymphoid organs (for review, see Refs. 1–3). CD4 (cid:2) T (Th) cell activation is triggered when the speciﬁc antigenic peptide is presented on MHC class II molecules. The main source of Ag entering the MHC class II pathway is exogenous protein, which is endocytosed/phagocytosed by professional APCs. Upon endosomal processing, protein-derived peptides load MHC class II molecules, which travel to the cell surface. In contrast, CD8 (cid:2) CTL activation is driven by peptide/MHC class I complexes. The classical source of Ag for the MHC class I pathway is protein synthesized inside the cell (4). A sizeable fraction of newly synthesized
Digital background calibration of pipeline ADC based on correlation

ABSTRACT Two novel calibration techniques based on dither injection and correlation are proposed. The first calibration algorithm utilises digital windows around the residue folding points by adding more comparators. Then all the capacitor mismatches and the linear gain error of the residue amplifier (RA) are calibrated by injecting dither signal in the windows. This new scheme would not change the key analogue signal path and thus brings no dither leakage in the digital domain. The other calibration algorithm injects dither signal into the split sampling capacitors to estimate the nonlinear kick-back error, which always exists in sample-hold amplifier less (SHA-less) structure. In addition, three other dither signals are injected into the added capacitors to calibrate the linear and nonlinear errors of the RA, which relaxes gain requirement in multiplying digtital-analogue-converter . Both the algorithms and the corresponding analogue-digital-converters (ADCs) are constructed and simulated in MATLAB. According to the simulation results, the first calibration technique increases signal-noise-distortion-ratio (SNDR) and spurious-free-dynamic-range (SFDR) by 40 and 42 dB, respectively. The second calibration scheme improves SNDR and SFDR by 19 and 34 dB in a SHA-less ADC.
Compartmentalization and Antiviral Effect of Efavirenz Metabolites in Blood Plasma, Seminal Plasma, and Cerebrospinal Fluid

Efavirenz (EFV) is one of the most commonly prescribed antire-trovirals for use in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. EFV is extensively metabolized by cytochrome P450 to a number of oxygenated products; however, the pharmacologic activity and distribution of these metabolites in anatomic compartments have yet to be explored. The systemic distribution of EFV oxidative metabolites was examined in blood plasma, seminal plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid from subjects on an EFV-based regimen. The 8-hydroxy EFV metabolite was detected in blood plasma, seminal plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid, with median concentrations of 314.5 ng/ml, 358.5 ng/ml, and 3.37 ng/ml, respectively. In contrast, 7-hydroxy and 8,14-hydroxy EFV were only detected in blood plasma and seminal plasma with median concentrations of 8.84 ng/ml and 10.23 ng/ml, and 5.63 ng/ml and 5.43 ng/ml, respectively. Interestingly, protein-free concentrations of metabolites were only detectable in seminal plasma, where a novel dihdyroxylated metabolite of EFV was also detected. This accumulation of protein-free EFV metabolites was demonstrated to be the result of differential protein binding in seminal plasma compared with that of blood plasma. In addition, the oxidative metabolites of EFV did not present with any significant pharmacologic activity toward HIV-1 as measured using an HIV green fluorescent protein single-round infectivity assay. This study is the first to report the physiologic distribution of metabolites of an antiretroviral into biologic compartments that the virus is known to distribute and to examine their anti-HIV activity. These data suggest that the male genital tract may be a novel compartment that should be considered in the evaluation of drug metabolite exposure. research participants ranged in age from 37 to 71 years old; 2 were women, and 11 were men; 1 was European American, and 12 were African American. Archived blood plasma and seminal plasma samples, obtained from an additional previous study (Cao et al., 2008), were analyzed for total and protein-free EFV and EFV metabolite concentrations. The original study involved six total research participants who provided paired blood and semen samples at multiple time points throughout a 5-day study. Research participants on 600 mg daily EFV were changed to a regimen of 100 mg EFV every 4 hours to establish near true steady-state conditions due to the estimated 40 – 55 hour EFV half-life and frequent dosing interval. Six men were enrolled, ranging in age from 33 to 48 years old; 1 was European American, and 5 were African American. Each of these studies was approved by the Johns Hopkins Medicine board, and all research participants provided informed consent for participation.
Does Anxiety Influence Instagram Addiction among College Students?

This study attempted to find out the relationship between anxiety and Instagram addiction of students pursuing pre university and degree courses. The sample consisted of 131 students comprising of students aged between 14-23 years. The students completed Test for Instagram addiction (TIA) developed by D’Souza, Samyukta and Bivera (2018) and anxiety measurement from DASS (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995). Test for Instagram addiction measured addiction in 6factors–Lack of control, Disengagement, Escapism, Health and interpersonal troubles, Excessive use and Obsession. Through DASS, the authors measured anxiety scores. Pearson’s product moment correlations were employed to find out the relationship between factors of Instagram addiction and anxiety. Simple linear regression was employed to find out the slopes of various components of Instagram addiction to anxiety. Results revealed that as the anxiety scores increased addiction to Instagram in components lack of control, disengagement, health and interpersonal troubles and obsession increased and in total scores, also increased linearly and significantly. Increased anxiety lead to lack of control over usage of Instagram, health and interpersonal troubles, and disengagement for the college students.
Interior permanent magnet motor-based isolated on-board integrated battery charger for electric vehicles

This study proposes an isolated on-board integrated battery charger using an interior permanent magnet (IPM) machine with a nine-slot/eight-pole combination or its multiples, and equipped with a non-overlapped fractional slot concentrated winding. The proposed winding layout comprises three three-phase winding sets that are connected in such a way as to provide six motor terminals. Hence, a six-phase or two three-phase converters will be required for propulsion. Under motoring mode, the machine can be effectively regarded as a six-phase machine, which provides a high fault-tolerant capability, and allows for a `limp home' mode of operation. Additionally, all magneto motive force subharmonics are eliminated, which significantly reduces the induced rotor eddy current losses, when compared with a conventional three-phase motor having the same slot/pole combination. In battery charging mode, the winding is reconfigured, so that the machine is considered as a three-phase to six-phase rotating transformer. A 40 kW IPM machine is designed and simulated under different modes of operation using two-dimensional finite element analysis to validate the proposed concept. A small-scale prototype machine is also used for experimental validation.
Metoda projektowania stosu okruchowego w betonie samozag ę szczaj ą cym si ę z wykorzystaniem regresji segmentowej The method of aggregate skeleton in self compacting concrete designing with segment regression

The dynamic development of the self compacting concrete (SCC) technology in Poland and in the world as well, is linked with very advantageous properties of concrete mix, which make it almost irreplaceable in many constructions, particularly in structural engineering. It is suffi cient to remind the capability of fl ow and compact under the gravity force, thus to fi ll all space within the formwork without segregation of components and expel entrapped air. SCC is an excellent material for the constructions of complicated shape, with closely spaced reinforcement, including the underwater structures (13). Additionally, the self-levelling of the mixture is occurring after placing and without vibration.
A 77 GHz 3-Stage Low Noise Amplifier with Cascode Structure Utilizing Positive Feedback Network using 0.13 μ m CMOS Process

— A 77 GHz 3-stage low noise amplifier (LNA) employing one common source and two cascode stages is developed using 0.13 μ m CMOS process. To compensate for the low gain which is caused by lossy silicon substrate and parasitic element of CMOS transistor, positive feedback technique using parasitic inductance of bypass capacitor is adopted to cascode stages. The developed LNA shows gain of 7.2 dB, S11 of -16.5 dB and S22 of -19.8 dB at 77 GHz. The return loss bandwidth of LNA is 71.6 to 80.9 GHz (12%). The die size is as small as 0.7 mm × 0.8 mm by using bias line as inter-stage matching networks. This LNA shows po-ssibility of 77 GHz automotive RADAR system using 0.13 μ m CMOS process, which has advantage in cost compared to sub-100 nm CMOS process.
CatecholamineLevelsin the GuineaPigOvary, Myometrium and Costo-uterineMuscleDuring the EstrousCycle and in the Ovary RemainingAfter Unilateral Ovariectomy

The levels of norepinephrine in the longitudinal layer of the myometrium, costo-uterine muscle and ovaryof theguineapighavebeendeterminedthroughouttheestrouscycle.Neitherthe concentration nor the total amount of amine in the ovary or costo-uterine muscle was found to fluctuate systematically during the 15 day cycle of the guinea pigs used. The concentration of norepinephrine was lower in the longitudinal layer of the myometrium when taken from animals in diestrus as compared to those in metestrus. Dopamine was present in â€œ¿(cid:3)vlO%of the concentration ofnorepinephrineintheovaryandcosto-uterinemuscleandinslightlyhigherproportionsinthemyometrium. The absence of a change in the levels of norepinephrinc in the ovary and the costo-uterine muscle during the estrous cycle is consistent with earlier observations that only in tissues such as the uterus which receive innervation via short postganglionic neurones are the levels of norepineph rine steroid-dependent. In contrast, 28 days following hemiovariectomy, the levels of norepineph rineintheremainingovarydeclinedabruptlyinassociationwiththedevelopmentofcompensatory hypertrophy. These results are discussed in the context of suggestions that ovarian noradrenergic nerves participate in the development of compensatory hypertrophy.