Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Environment Invariant Linear Least Squares

This paper considers a multi-environment linear regression model in which data from multiple experimental settings are collected. The joint distribution of the response variable and covariates may vary across different environments, yet the conditional expectations of $y$ given the unknown set of important variables are invariant. Such a statistical model is related to the problem of endogeneity, causal inference, and transfer learning. The motivation behind it is illustrated by how the goals of prediction and attribution are inherent in estimating the true parameter and the important variable set. We construct a novel environment invariant linear least squares (EILLS) objective function, a multi-environment version of linear least-squares regression that leverages the above conditional expectation invariance structure and heterogeneity among different environments to determine the true parameter. Our proposed method is applicable without any additional structural knowledge and can identify the true parameter under a near-minimal identification condition. We establish non-asymptotic $\ell_2$ error bounds on the estimation error for the EILLS estimator in the presence of spurious variables. Moreover, we further show that the $\ell_0$ penalized EILLS estimator can achieve variable selection consistency in high-dimensional regimes. These non-asymptotic results demonstrate the sample efficiency of the EILLS estimator and its capability to circumvent the curse of endogeneity in an algorithmic manner without any prior structural knowledge. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first to realize statistically efficient invariance learning in the general linear model.
Modeling growing confluent tissues using a lattice Boltzmann method: Interface stability and fluctuations

Tissue growth underpins a wide array of biological and developmental processes, and numerical modeling of growing systems has been shown to be a useful tool for understanding these processes. However, the phenomena that can be captured are often limited by the size of systems that can be modeled. Here, we address this limitation by introducing a Lattice-Boltzmann method (LBM) for a growing system that is able to efficiently model hydrodynamic length-scales. The model incorporates a novel approach to describing the growing front of a tissue, which we use to investigate the dynamics of the interface of growing model tissues. We find that the interface grows with scaling in agreement with the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class when growth in the system is bulk driven. Interestingly, we also find the emergence of a previously unreported hydrodynamic instability when proliferation is restricted to the tissue edge. We then develop an analytical theory to show that the instability arises due to a coupling between the number of cells actively proliferating and the position of the interface.
Neural Operator Learning for Long-Time Integration in Dynamical Systems with Recurrent Neural Networks

Deep neural networks are an attractive alternative for simulating complex dynamical systems, as in comparison to traditional scientific computing methods, they offer reduced computational costs during inference and can be trained directly from observational data. Existing methods, however, cannot extrapolate accurately and are prone to error accumulation in long-time integration. Herein, we address this issue by combining neural operators with recurrent neural networks to construct a novel and effective architecture, resulting in superior accuracy compared to the state-of-the-art. The new hybrid model is based on operator learning while offering a recurrent structure to capture temporal dependencies. The integrated framework is shown to stabilize the solution and reduce error accumulation for both interpolation and extrapolation of the Korteweg-de Vries equation.
Numerical modeling of fluid‐driven fractures in cohesive poroelastoplastic continuum

In this article, we investigate the main parameters that influence the propagation of a fluid‐driven fracture in a poroelastoplastic continuum. These parameters include the cohesive zone, the stress anisotropy, and the pore pressure field. The fracture is driven in a permeable porous domain that corresponds to weak formation by pumping of an incompressible viscous fluid at the fracture inlet under plane strain conditions. Rock deformation is modeled with the Mohr–Coulomb yield criterion with associative flow rule. Fluid flow in the fracture is modeled by the lubrication theory. The movement of the pore fluid in the surrounding medium is assumed to obey the Darcy law and is of the same nature as the fracturing fluid. The cohesive zone approach is used as the fracture propagation criterion. The problem is modeled numerically with the finite element method to obtain the solution for the fracture length, the fracture opening, and the propagation pressure as a function of the time and distance from the pumping inlet. It is demonstrated that the plastic yielding that is associated with the rock dilation in an elastoplastic saturated porous continuum is significantly affected by the cohesive zone characteristics, the stress anisotropy, and the pore pressure field. These influences result in larger fracture profiles and propagation pressures due to the larger plastic zones that are developing during the fracture propagation. Furthermore, it is also found that the diffusion process that is a major mechanism in hydraulic fracture operations influences further the obtained results on the fracture dimensions, plastic yielding, and fluid pressures. These findings may explain partially the discrepancies in net pressures between field measurements and conventional model predictions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Schrödinger Symmetry in Gravitational Mini-Superspaces

We prove that the simplest gravitational symmetry-reduced models describing cosmology and black hole mechanics are invariant under the Schrödinger group. We consider the flat FRW cosmology filled with a massless scalar field and the Schwarzschild black hole mechanics and construct their conserved charges using the Eisenhart–Duval (ED) lift method in order to show that they form a Schrödinger algebra. Our method illustrates how the ED lift and the more standard approach analyzing the geometry of the field space are complementary in revealing different sets of symmetries of these systems. We further identify an infinite-dimensional symmetry for those two models, generated by conserved charges organized in two copies of a Witt algebra. These extended charge algebras provide a new algebraic characterization of these homogeneous gravitational sectors. They guide the path to their quantization and open the road to non-linear extensions of quantum cosmology and quantum black hole models in terms of hydrodynamic equations in field space.
Deterministic, quenched or annealed? Differences in the parameter estimation of heterogeneous network models

At least two, different approaches to define and solve statistical models for the analysis of economic systems exist: the typical, econometric one, interpreting the Gravity Model specification as the expected link weight of an arbitrary probability distribution, and the one rooted into statistical physics, constructing maximum-entropy distributions constrained to satisfy certain network properties. In a couple of recent, companion papers they have been successfully integrated within the framework induced by the constrained minimisation of the Kullback-Leibler divergence: specifically, two, broad classes of models have been devised, i.e. the integrated and the conditional ones, defined by different, probabilistic rules to place links, load them with weights and turn them into proper, econometric prescriptions. Still, the recipes adopted by the two approaches to estimate the parameters entering into the definition of each model differ. In econometrics, a likelihood that decouples the binary and weighted parts of a model, treating a network as deterministic, is typically maximised; to restore its random character, two alternatives exist: either solving the likelihood maximisation on each configuration of the ensemble and taking the average of the parameters afterwards or taking the average of the likelihood function and maximising the latter one. The difference between these approaches lies in the order in which the operations of averaging and maximisation are taken - a difference that is reminiscent of the quenched and annealed ways of averaging out the disorder in spin glasses. The results of the present contribution, devoted to comparing these recipes in the case of continuous, conditional network models, indicate that the annealed estimation recipe represents the best alternative to the deterministic one.
Investigating Speaker Diarization of Endangered Language Data

The task of speaker diarization aims to determine which speakers spoke when in a recording. Such functionality could help to accelerate work in endangered languages by facilitating transcription and semi-automatically extracting useful meta-data to enrich language archives. However, there has been little work on speaker diarization for low-resource or endangered languages. This work explores three neural approaches to speaker diarization applied to data sets drawn from endangered language archives. We ﬁnd consistent improvements for recent neural x-vector models over earlier approaches. We also assess the factors which impact performance across models and data sets, with a focus on the challenging characteristics of endangered language recordings.
Experiments on Marangoni spreading – evidence of a new type of interfacial instability

Abstract Marangoni spreading on thin films is widely observed in nature and applied in industry. It has serious implications for airway drug delivery, especially in surfactant displacement therapy. This paper reports the results of experimental investigations of a surfactant-laden droplet spreading on films made of more viscous Newtonian fluids as well as on films made of viscoelastic fluids. The experiments used particle seeding, the transmission-speckle method and particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) to determine the deformation of the film–droplet interface and to measure velocity fields. Radially aligned patterns were observed on Newtonian films. Similar patterns, but with much smaller wavenumber, were observed on viscoelastic films in combination with rapid azimuthal variations of the film thickness. The Saffman–Taylor instability at the film–droplet interface explains the formation of patterns on a more viscous Newtonian film, and their onset requires exceeding the critical capillary number. The pattern formation on viscoelastic films is correlated with an instability at the film–droplet–air contact line when the liquid is expelled radially by the spreading droplet. PTV revealed azimuthal variations of the velocity field in the vicinity of the contact line. The observed contact line instability is different from previously reported fingering instabilities of Newtonian thin films. A simple scaling law accounting for the Marangoni-stress-induced elastic shear deformation is proposed to describe the flow field in the patterns formed in the viscoelastic films.
Stellenwert und Anwendung der Verletzungsprävention im österreichischen Fußball – eine Befragung unter 687 Trainer/innen

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Fußball ist eine der populärsten Sportarten, jedoch zeitgleich auch mit sehr hohem Verletzungsrisiko behaftet. Das Interesse an der Erforschung der Verletzungsursachen ist dementsprechend hoch. Daher wurden in den letzten Jahren zahlreiche Programme zur Verletzungsprävention entwickelt. Da diese Präventionsprogramme in die Trainingsroutine eingebettet werden, sind Trainer/innen für deren Implementierung verantwortlich. Ziel dieser Studie war es, österreichische Trainer/innen im Profi-, Amateur- und Nachwuchsbereich zum Thema Verletzungsprophylaxe zu befragen und ihre Einschätzung von Verletzungen im Fußball sowie den Umgang mit entsprechenden Verletzungspräventionsprogrammen zu erheben. Methodik Für die Befragung wurde ein Online-Fragebogen entwickelt, der mithilfe des österreichischen Fußballverbandes an alle im Verband registrierten Trainer/innen versandt wurde. Neben den personenbezogenen Daten wurde auch die Einstellung der Trainer zum Thema Verletzungsprävention abgefragt. Des Weiteren wurde abgefragt, welche präventiven Maßnahmen die Trainer/innen für wichtig erachten und welche sie auch in ihrem Training einsetzen und in welchem Umfang. Ergebnisse An der Befragung nahmen 687 Trainer/innen teil. Die Trainer/innen waren zu 2,3%, 37,5% und 43,6% im Profi-, Amateur- und Nachwuchsbereich tätig, der Rest machte keine Angabe. Die Mehrzahl der Befragten (56%) gab an, Verletzungen im Fußball für ein großes Problem zu halten. Als größte Risikofaktoren für Verletzungen wurden unzureichende Fitness (75,7%), mangelnde Vorbereitung (60,7%) und zu kurze Regeneration (59,2%) eingeschätzt. Als präventiv wirksame Trainingsmaßnahmen wurden ausreichendes Aufwärmen (66,8%), Regenerationstraining (59,4%) sowie Rumpfstabilisationstraining (58,2%) angesehen. Die Trainer/innen zeigten großes Interesse (ca. 70%) an einer verstärkten Behandlung der Themen Risikofaktoren und Verletzungsprävention in Traineraus- und -fortbildungen. Mehr als die Hälfte der Befragten kannte keines der am weitesten verbreiteten Präventionsprogramme – eingesetzt wurden diese Programme gar nur von 15,4%. Trotz großem Interesse am Thema Verletzungsprävention ist der entsprechende Kenntnisstand unter Österreichs Fußballtrainerinnen und -trainern gering. Angesichts der hohen Verletzungsprävalenz ist es erforderlich, die Trainer/innen durch Aus- und -fortbildungen bestmöglich über Verletzungsprävention und die Implementierung von Präventionsprogrammen im Trainingsalltag zu informieren.
On the Titchmarsh–Weyl m -function

Synopsis The Weyl theory assets that there exist circles, possibly degenerate, in the complex plane which are associated with Sturm–Liouville equations. Closely related to these circles is the Titchmarch–Weyl m-function which plays a major role in the theory of Sturm-Liouville equations. In this paper, we investigate the asymptotic behaviour of the m-function and derive results of the form for λ in a certain subset of the compledx plane.
Update Knocheninfektionen

Was ist neu? Periprothetische Infektionen: Diagnostik, Prothesenerhalt und Therapielänge. Nach einer neuen Studie kann bei Vorliegen einer hämatogenen periprothetischen Infektion und weiteren einliegenden Gelenkprothesen, die in der klinischen Untersuchung unauffällig sind, auf weitere invasive oder bildgebende Diagnostik verzichtet werden. Periprothetische Infektionen, die spät auftreten (> 3 Monate nach Implantation) haben ein schlechteres Outcome. Neue Studien versuchen Faktoren zu identifizieren, wann der Prothesenerhalt weiterhin eine Option ist. Eine neue randomisierte Landmarkstudie aus Frankreich konnte keine Nichtunterlegenheit für 6 versus 12 Wochen Therapielänge zeigen. Somit ist anzunehmen, dass dies aktuell der Standard für alle OP-Modalitäten (Erhalt oder Wechsel) wird. Wünschenswert wären weitere Studien zu dem Thema, die v.a. mehr Patienten mit spätem Prothesenwechsel betrachten. Spondylodiszitis: Inzidenz und Erregerprofil. Die Spondylodiszitis ist eine eher seltene Knocheninfektion, deren Inzidenz in den vergangenen Jahren aber weiter stark gestiegen ist (erneut fast verdoppelt in 10 Jahren). Betroffen sind weiterhin vor allem ältere Personen, Männer und komorbide Patienten. Eine retrospektive Studie aus Korea von Kim et al. gibt Aufschluss über die Erregerverteilung in verschiedenen Altersgruppen sowie mit verschiedenen Komorbiditäten. Damit hilft sie bei der Einschätzung des verursachenden Erregers und der Auswahl der empirischen Therapie, wenn die Erregeridentifizierung vor Therapiestart nicht gelingt. S. aureus ist am häufigsten über alle Altersgruppen, aber mit Zunahme von Enterokokken und v.a. gram-negativen Erregern bei Älteren. Diabetische Fußinfektion: Leitlinien, Diagnostik und Therapielänge. Die Leitlinien der „International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot“ (IWGDF) wurden mit leicht veränderter Klassifikation aktualisiert, außerdem hat die Deutsche Diabetes Gesellschaft neue Handlungsempfehlungen publiziert. Die empirische Therapie richtet sich weiterhin nach der Schwere der Infektion und weiteren Risikofaktoren (wie Vortherapien, Ischämie). Die mikrobiologische Diagnostik aus Gewebeproben wird gegenüber Abstrichen als überlegen beschrieben. Nach einer randomisierten Pilotstudie scheinen 3 Wochen Therapiedauer bei Osteomyelitis nach Debridement 6 Wochen nicht unterlegen zu sein. Größere randomisierte Studien zu dem Thema rekrutieren aktuell.
ON VOLTERRA'S DISLOCATIONS IN A SEMI-INFINITE ELASTIC MEDIUM

In this paper a Green's function method is developed to deal with the problem of a Volterra dislocation in a semi-infinite elastic medium in such a way that the boundary surface of the medium remains free from stresses. (A Volterra dislocation is here defined as a surface across which the displacement components show a discontinuity of the type Δu = U + Ω ×r, where U and Ω are constant vectors.) It is found that the general problem requires the construction of six sets of Green's functions. The method for the construction is outlined and applied to one of the six sets, which is of the type of two double forces with moments in a plane parallel with the boundary. The displacement field thus generated is computed. Several of the results obtained are believed to be of geophysical interest, but a more detailed discussion of these applications is postponed to a further communication which is being prepared.
An optimization method for the design of physical and Maxwellian absorbers

This paper presents a general deterministic optimization procedure to compute the spatial repartition of material property-dissipative and nondissipative part-which minimizes physical or numerical reflection in physical and Maxwellian absorbers. The reflection performances of particular absorbers are compared from many points of view and deeply analyzed. The obtained results can usefully guide the designer in the choice of a particular absorber for the treatment of practical or numerical applications.
Prediction and prevention of preeclampsia

49 Keypoints • Preeclampsia (PE) is an important cause of maternal and perinatal mortality worldwide, accounts for 10% to 15% of direct maternal deaths, and 99% of these deaths are in low-income countries. • Preeclampsia is defined as systolic blood pressure of ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure of ≥90 mmHg on at least two occasions, measured four hours apart in previously normotensive women, and is accompanied by one or more of the following new-onset conditions after 20 weeks’ gestation: (1) proteinuria, (2) evidence of other maternal organ dysfunction, or (3) uteroplacental dysfunction. • Preeclampsia is classified into: (1) early PE (delivery < 34+0 weeks’ gestation); (2) preterm PE (delivery < 37+0 weeks’ gestation); (3) late-onset PE (delivery ≥ 34+0 weeks’ gestation); (4) term PE (delivery ≥ 37+0 weeks’ gestation). • In Brazil, the incidence of PE varies from 1.5% to 7%; of preterm PE is 2% and of eclampsia is 0.6%. However, these statistics are likely to be underestimated and vary according to the region studied. • Screening strategies for PE vary depending on the parameters used, pre-test risk, outcome stratification, and the gestational age at which screening is performed. However, there is consensus in the literature that no single-parameter screening test has been shown to adjust the preexisting maternal risk for PE with sufficient specificity and sensitivity for clinical use.
Risikofaktoren für Leistenschmerzen in den Sportspielen: Eine systematische Literaturrecherche

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund In den Sportspielen kommen Leistenschmerzen relativ häufig vor und können zu wiederholten längeren Ausfallzeiten führen. Daher sind Kenntnisse über geeignete evidenzbasierte Präventionsmaßnahmen wichtig. Ziel dieser systematischen Literaturrecherche war es, den Einfluss von Risikofaktoren und Präventionsprogrammen auf Leistenschmerzen in den Sportspielen gemäß internationalen Richtlinien zu untersuchen und methodisch nachvollziehbar nach ihrer Evidenz einzuordnen. Methoden Die systematische Literaturrecherche erfolgte gemäß der PRISMA-Richtlinien in den elektronischen Datenbanken PubMed, Web of Science und SPOLIT mittels eines PICO-Schemas. Eingeschlossen wurden sämtliche Interventions- und Beobachtungsstudien, die den Einfluss von Risikofaktoren und Präventionsprogrammen auf Leistenschmerzen in den Sportspielen untersucht haben. Zur Überprüfung der methodischen Qualität wurde die PEDro-Skala genutzt. Ferner wurde jeder Studie ein Evidenzlevel nach dem OCEBM-Modell zugeordnet. Nach der Synthese der Ergebnisse anhand der Studienquantität und -qualität sowie des Evidenzlevels erfolgte eine Einordnung des Evidenzniveaus der Risikofaktoren. Ergebnisse Eine moderate Evidenz konnte für 4 Risikofaktoren mit einem signifikanten Einfluss auf das Leistenschmerzrisiko gefunden werden: männliches Geschlecht, vorangegangene Leistenschmerzen, geringere Kraft der Hüftadduktoren und die Nichtdurchführung des FIFA 11+ Kids. Ebenfalls konnte eine moderate Evidenz für folgende nichtsignifikanten Risikofaktoren gefunden werden: höheres Alter, Körpergröße und -gewicht, höherer BMI, Körperfettanteil, Spielposition, dominantes Bein, Trainingsstunden, eingeschränkte ROM der Hüftabduktion, -adduktion, -extension, -flexion und -innenrotation, Kraft der Hüftflexoren, Kräftigung der Hüftabduktoren, -adduktoren, -flexoren und Bauchmuskulatur sowie Balancetraining, klinische Hüftmobilitätstests und konditionelle Faktoren. Schlussfolgerung Die identifizierten Risikofaktoren können als Anhaltspunkte für die Entwicklung von Präventionsmaßnahmen zur Vermeidung von Leistenschmerzen in den Sportspielen dienen. Dabei sollten im Sinne einer Priorisierung nicht nur die signifikanten, sondern auch die nichtsignifikanten Risikofaktoren reflektiert werden.
A Worked Example Model for Teaching Dynamic Programming

How should dynamic programming be taught to students experiencing it for the first time? Dynamic programming is a sophisticated programming technique that exercises many aspects of computer science in concert. Because of the deep technical complexity therein, building effective lessons is challenging. In this work we propose a worked example model for teaching dynamic programming that centers around a midterm exam in which the solutions are provided to the students weeks in advance. 35 students were surveyed about their experiences learning dynamic programming with and without this model.
Teaching an Undergraduate 5G Technology and Security Course, and Its Outcomes

Mobile technologies are rapidly evolving to provide faster and better services, with the 5th Generation (5G) being actively rolled out. Any new technology brings along the responsibility of managing its security. Educating the future generation is of utmost importance to help them navigate the ever changing cyber landscape. Considering this issue we have developed a course on the 5G mobile technology and security for the undergraduate level. The goal is to help bridge the gap between undergraduate knowledge and the high technical, usually at the graduate level, seen in most 5G security courses. The course is first designed to provide students with the foundations of 5G technology critical to the security posture of any organization. Then, with the background set, the course covers the security aspects of these underlying components. This poster presents the course modules developed with respect to the NIST CAE Cyber Defense (CAE-CD) https://dl.dod. cyber.mil/wp-content/uploads/cae/pdf/unclass-cae-cd_ku. pdf Knowledge Units (KUs) for cybersecurity, and primary analysis based on student performance pertaining to our Student Learning Outcomes (SLOs). We have offered the course as individual study research topic to students and hope to extend the lessons to a full-fledged course. We offer a repository of subset of assignments we created.