Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimation de l'attitude d'un satellite à l'aide de caméras pushbroom et de capteurs stellaires

Les cameras pushbroom sont omnipresentes en imagerie satellitaire. Ce capteur lineaire enregistre des images 1-D et utilise le defilement du satellite autour de la terre pour construire des bandeaux d’image ; son principe de fonctionnement est identique aux scanners et photocopieurs que l’on peut utiliser tous les jours. Les avantages lies a cette technologie sont principalement une resolution d’image etendue qui va bien au dela des cameras perspectives, un cout d’exploitation faible et une robustesse au contexte spatial. Pour reconstruire des images couleur, le plan focal d’un satellite embarque plusieurs cameras pushbroom sensibles a differentes bandes spectrales de la lumiere. Ce mode d’acquisition dependant du temps suppose que l’orientation du satellite, egalement appelee attitude dans cette etude, ne varie pas au cours du survol d’une scene. Les satellites ont jusqu’a maintenant ete consideres comme stables du fait de leur inertie. Cependant les technologies recentes developpees dans la recherche spatiale tendent a reduire leur taille et alleger leur poids pour les rendre plus agiles et moins couteux en energie lors de leur mise en orbite. La resolution des capteurs a egalement ete amelioree, ce qui rend nettement plus critique la moindre oscillation de l’imageur. Ces facteurs cumules font qu’un changement d’attitude de quelques microradians peut provoquer des deformations geometriques notables dans les images. Les solutions actuelles utilisent les capteurs de positionnement du satellite pour asservir son attitude et rectifier les images, mais elles sont couteuses et limitees en precision. Les images contiennent pourtant une information coherente sur les mouvements du satellite de par leurs eventuelles deformations. Nous proposons dans cette etude de retrouver les variations d’attitude par recalage des images enregistrees par le satellite. Nous exploitons la disposition des cameras pushbroom dans le plan focal ainsi que la nature stationnaire des oscillations pour conduire l’estimation. Le tout est presente dans un cadre bayesien, ou les donnees images peuvent se meler avec une information a priori sur le mouvement ainsi que des mesures exogenes fournies par un capteur stellaire couramment appele star tracker. Differentes solutions sont decrites et comparees sur des jeux de donnees satellitaires fournis par le constructeur de satellite EADS Astrium.
Forests [Chapter 7]

Forests occur within urban areas, at the interface between urban and rural areas (wildland-urban interface), and in rural areas. Urban forests contribute to clean air, cooling buildings, aesthetics, and recreation in parks. Development in the wildland-urban interface is increasing because of the appeal of owning homes near or in the woods. In rural areas, market factors drive land uses among commercial forestry and land uses such as agriculture. Across this spectrum, forests provide recreational opportunities, cultural resources, and social values such as aesthetics.
OPTIMAL REGULARITY OF ISOPERIMETRIC SETS WITH H ¨OLDER DENSITIES

We establish a regularity result for optimal sets of the isoperimetric problem with double density under mild H¨older regularity assumptions on the density functions. Our main Theorem improves some previous results and allows to reach the optimal regularity class C 1 , α 2 − α in any dimension.
Efficient hybrid strategies for assembling the plastome, mitochondriome, and large nuclear genome of diploid Ranunculus cassubicifolius (Ranunculaceae)

Currently, we lack efficient strategies - in terms of laboratory work and cost, as well as assembly quality - to reliably reconstruct large and complex genomes from non-model plants. This often impairs the study of evolutionary intricate groups characterized by hybridization, polyploidy, and/or apomixis. The large Ranunculus auricomus polyploid complex is an angiosperm model system for apomixis, evolution, and biogeography research. However, neither plastid, mitochondrial, nor high-quality nuclear genomes are available, and a genus-wide draft genome has yet to be assembled, limiting phylogenomic, ecological, and taxonomic analyses thus far. We tested different Illumina (short, highly accurate reads), Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT; long, less accurate reads), and Illumina-ONT-hybrid assembly strategies using the diploid species R. cassubicifolius, a sexual diploid progenitor of the R. auricomus complex, and selected the best assemblies in terms of completeness, contiguity, and BUSCO quality scores. We first assembled the entire plastome (156 Mbp; 78 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNAs, and 4 rRNAs) and mitochondriome (1,260 Mbp; 39 protein-coding genes, 13 tRNAs, 3 rRNAs), using an Illumina- and hybrid-based strategy, respectively. The best out of 11 strategies used raw Nanopore reads assembled and polished by filtered Nanopore and Illumina reads accompanied by genome annotation yielded a 3.45 Gbp high-quality genome with (>99% completeness), 97% single-copy and duplicated complete BUSCO genes found, median contig length (N50) of 104 Mbp, and 39,544 predicted genes. The genomic information presented herein helps to improve phylogenomic analyses in this species complex, and will enable improved functional, biogeographic, and population genomic analyses for the R. auricomus complex, the genus, and beyond in Ranunculaceae in the future. Significance Statement The Ranunculus auricomus complex is a model system in flowering plant apomixis, evolution, and biogeography research, but thus far no genus-wide complete genome exists. Using Illumina and/or Nanopore data, we assembled the plastome, mitochondriome, and high-quality diploid genome. We created efficient assembly strategies, which are applicable to other non-model systems and useful for improving phylogenomic analyses, enabling better functional (e.g., apomixis), biogeographic, and population genomic analyses at the complex, but also at the genus and family level.
Finite type arithmetic: computable existence analysed by modified realisability and functional interpretation

in English and Danish Motivated by David Hilbert’s program and philosophy of mathematics we give in the context of natural deduction an introduction to the Dialectica interpretation and compare the interpretation with modified realisability. We show how the interpretations represent two structurally different methods for unwinding computable information from proofs which may use certain prima facie non-constructive (ideal) elements of mathematics. Consequently, the two interpretations also represent different views on what is to be regarded as constructive relative to arithmetic. The differences show up in the interpretations of extensionality, Markov’s principle and restricted forms of independence-of-premise. We show that it is computationally a subtle issue to combine these ideal elements and prove that Markov’s principle is computationally incompatible with independence-of-premise for negated purely universal formulas. In the context of extracting computational content from proofs in typed classical arithmetic we also compare in an extensional context (i) the method provided by negative translation + Dialectica interpretation with (ii) the method provided by negative translation + A-translation+ modified realisability. None of these methods can be applied fully to E-PA ω, since E-HAω is not closed under Markov’s rule, whereas the method based on the Dialectica interpretation can be used if only weak extensionality is required. Finally, we present a new variant of the Dialectica interpretation in order to obtain (the well-known) existence property, disjunction property and other closure results for typed intuitionistic arithmetic and extensions hereof. Hence it is shown that functional interpretation can be used also for this purpose.
Potential Game Based Decision-Making Frameworks for Autonomous Driving

—Decision-making for autonomous driving is challenging, considering the complex interactions among multiple trafﬁc agents (e.g., autonomous vehicles (AVs), human drivers, and pedestrians) and the computational load needed to evaluate these interactions. This paper develops two general potential game based frameworks, namely, ﬁnite and continuous potential games, for decision-making in autonomous driving. The two frameworks account for the AVs’ two types of action spaces, i.e., ﬁnite and continuous action spaces, respectively. We show that the developed frameworks provide theoretical guarantees, including 1) existence of pure-strategy Nash equilibria, 2) convergence of the Nash equilibrium (NE) seeking algorithms, and 3) global optimality of the derived NE (in the sense that both self-and team-interests are optimized). In addition, we provide cost function shaping approaches to constructing multi-agent potential games in autonomous driving. Moreover, two solution algorithms, including self-play dynamics (e.g., best response dynamics) and potential function optimization, are developed for each game. The developed frameworks are then applied to two different trafﬁc scenarios, including intersection-crossing and lane-changing in highways. Statistical comparative studies, including 1) ﬁnite potential game vs. continuous potential game, and 2) best response dynamics vs. potential function optimization, are conducted to compare the performances of different solution algorithms. It is shown that both developed frameworks are practical (i.e., computationally efﬁcient), reliable (i.e., resulting in satisfying driving performances in diverse scenarios and situations), and robust (i.e., resulting in satisfying driving performances against uncertain behaviors of the surrounding vehicles) for real-time decision-making in autonomous driving.
Graph Convolutional Reinforcement Learning for Multi-Agent Cooperation

Learning to cooperate is crucially important in multi-agent reinforcement learning. The key is to take the influence of other agents into consideration when performing distributed decision making. However, multi-agent environment is highly dynamic, which makes it hard to learn abstract representations of influences between agents by only low-order features that existing methods exploit. In this paper, we propose a graph convolutional model for multi-agent cooperation. The graph convolution architecture adapts to the dynamics of the underlying graph of the multi-agent environment, where the influence among agents is captured by their abstract relation representations. High-order features extracted by relation kernels of convolutional layers from gradually increased receptive fields are exploited to learn cooperative strategies. The gradient of an agent not only backpropagates to itself but also to other agents in its receptive fields to reinforce the learned cooperative strategies. Moreover, the relation representations are temporally regularized to make the cooperation more consistent. Empirically, we show that our model enables agents to develop more cooperative and sophisticated strategies than existing methods in jungle and battle games and routing in packet switching networks.
Variable Bitrate Discrete Neural Representations via Causal Self-Attention

Generative modeling across text, video, and image domains has beneﬁted from the introduction of discrete (quantized) representations for continuous data. Existing techniques are limited to learning ﬁxed-size quantized codes, which requires training a new model for each desired compression rate. We aim to learn a single model able to produce discrete representations at different granularities (bitrates). We propose a study to answer the two main questions required to build such a model: 1) How do we produce a variable number of latent codes (variability)? 2) How do we allocate a given code budget across our input data (allocation)? We propose a framework based on the Perceiver IO architecture, incorporating causal attention to learn ordered latent codes that can then be adaptively pruned to a target compression rate. We will conduct extensive experiments on a variety of datasets, benchmarking our proposed approach for learning a single VBR quantizer against prior techniques for quantized audio encoding.
A SATELLITE STUDY OF THE E . HUXLEYI PHENOMENON IN THE BARENTS, NORWEGIAN, AND GREENLAND SEAS IN 2003–2021: TEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF THE BLOOM AREAL EXTENT, INORGANIC CARBON PRODUCTION AND CО 2 PARTIAL PRESSURE IN SURFACE WATER

Based on satellite data, E. huxleyi bloom contouring, quantification of particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) production and increment of CO 2 partial pressure, ( p CO 2 ) in surface water were performed. 18-year (2003–2021) time series of these variables are obtained for the Norwegian, Greenland and Barents seas. The bloom areas in the North Atlantic–Arctic water are the lowest in the Greenland Sea varying from 10 × 10 3 km 2 to (20–40) × 10 3 km 2 . In the Norwegian and Barents Seas they reach in some years (60–80) × 10 3 km 2 and (500–600) × 10 3 km 2 , respectively. The total PIC content within E. huxleyi blooms rarely exceeds in the Greenland and Norwegian seas 12–14 kilotons and 40 kilotons, respectively. In the Barents Sea, in some years, it can be up to 550 kilotons. The highest level of p CO 2 within E. huxleyi blooms in surface waters in the Barents Sea was ~350 µatm. In the Norwegian Sea, p CO 2 in surface waters within the E. huxleyi bloom was also close to 350 µatm, but most often it remained about 250 µatm. In the Greenland Sea there were only four years of relatively enhanced p CO 2 (up to 250 µatm), otherwise remaining below the level of confident determination by our method. As E. huxleyi blooms are generally very extensive, occur throughout the entire World Oceans (and hence in sum occur all year around), this phenomenon has a potential to both decrease to some degree the role of the World Oceans as sinkers of atmospheric CO 2 , and affect the carbonate counter pump.
Abstract 2419: Predicting clinical response based on ex vivo drug response in renal cell carcinoma using kinase activity profiling

Introduction: Sunitinib, a potent multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is the first line treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Because sunitinib responses and toxicity are highly variable, there is a need for biomarkers predicting sunitinib response or predicting the optimal sequence preference when using alternative tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between ex vivo drug response and clinical response in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and to explore alternative treatment options. This study has received funding from the European Union9s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no 259939. Methods: Protein tyrosine kinase activity profiles were generated on PamChip® peptide microarrays of lysed tumor resection tissues (1-5mm3) from 22 mRCC patients. The ex vivo effect of kinase inhibitors (sunitinib, axitinib, sorafenib, pazopanib, erlotinib and crenolanib) was determined and analyzed with Bionavigator software. A two-group (sunitinib responders versus non-responders) comparison applied on the inhibition ratios identified the significantly different peptide phosphorylations. Peptides were clustered according to their correlation with clinical response. Results: As little as 5 μg protein input (0.05 mm3 tissue) was used per kinase activity profile. The ex vivo sunitinib effect positively correlated with clinical responses especially in the subgroup which received sunitinib as 1st line treatment (4 responders vs. 4 non-responders). 18 of the 105 peptides were significantly (p In summary, we have shown that predicting clinical response to sunitinib based on the ex vivo response to sunitinib is feasible. This requires further investigation with a larger sample set. Furthermore, the ex vivo response to a drug panel suggests that identification of novel treatment options for non-responders might be feasible. Citation Format: Rob Ruijtenbeek, Liesbeth Houkes-van Kerkhoff, Maria Hilhorst, Peter Mulders, Jeannette Oosterwijk-Wakka, Lambertus Kiemeney, Egbert Oosterwijk. Predicting clinical response based on ex vivo drug response in renal cell carcinoma using kinase activity profiling. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2419. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2419
Abstract IA23: Deconvolution of the triple-negative breast cancer microenvironment

Breast cancer heterogeneity is one of the principal obstacles both to predicting outcome and to determining an effective course of treatment for this disease. Although genomic technologies have been used to gain a better understanding, by identifying gene expression signatures associated with clinical outcome and breast cancer subtypes, relatively little is known about heterogeneity in the tumor microenvironment. It is now accepted that changes in the normal cells that constitute the tumor microenvironment (TME) play important roles in determining cancer progression and ultimate outcome. We and others have established that an immune gene expression signature correlates with good outcome in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), yet fails to accurately predict outcome in all patients. Examining stromal heterogeneity in TNBC has identified four distinct stromal clusters, three of which are prognostic, contain distinct immune signatures and a signature of fibrosis. Lymphocytic infiltration and access to tumor parenchyma is not well understood due to high levels of spatial heterogeneity within tumors. We show that location of CD8+T cells is strongly influenced by TME subtypes and identify gene expression signatures predictive of distinct CD8+T cell localization and patient outcome. Since mounting evidence suggests that immune-checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapies may be promising for only a subset of TNBC patients, highlights the importance of understanding how the TME influences CD8+T cell location. Citation Format: Sadiq Saleh, Tina Gruosso, Mathieu Gigoux, Nicholas Bertos, Atilla Omeroglu, Dongmei Zuo, Sarkis Meterissian, Michael Hallett, Morag Park. Deconvolution of the triple-negative breast cancer microenvironment. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Function of Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Progression; 2016 Jan 7–10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(15 Suppl):Abstract nr IA23.
PRODUCTION OF CHOCOLATE PROBIOTIC DESSERT BASED ON CAMEL MILK USING LACTOCASEIBACILLUS CASEI

A functional food is a food that contains nutrients, which has a positive effect on one or more functions in the human body. Probiotic foods are also a functional food that by consuming them can be benefited the nutritional properties of probiotic bacteria. Inoculation of lactic acid Proteolytic bacteria to milk leads to production of fermented dairy products rich in bioactive peptides. This research was conducted in two stages. At first, Lactocaseibacillus ( L .) casei was inoculated into milk (cow and camel) and incubated for 12 h. The incubation time had a significant effect on the growth of L. casei (p≤0.05). The growth of L. casei in camel milk was significantly different from cow milk. (p≤0.05). Changes in pH and acidity during incubation were significant (p≤0.05) and there was a significant difference between cow and camel samples. During incubation of both milk increased proteolytic activity, antioxidant activity was observed while antioxidant activity in camel milk was more than cow milk. In sensory evaluation, no significant difference was observed between the two types of milk (p>0.05). Four samples of chocolate dessert were prepared by inoculation of L. casei to cow and camel milk containing two types of sweeteners of sucrose and sucralose. During 28 days of storage, the survival of L. casei in all samples was more than 8 Log cfu/g. Two sweeteners and milk type showed significant impact on the survival of L. casei (p≤0.05). Survival of L. casei in desserts prepared with camel milk and sucrose sweetener was higher. Changes in acidity and pH in the samples were significant during 28 days of storage (p≤0.05) Desserts prepared with camel milk and sucrose sweetener had higher acidity and lower pH. The desserts prepared with cow's milk and sucrose sweetener have higher elasticity. The sensory evaluation test does not show any significant difference in odor, taste and overall acceptability with blank (p>0.05).
Occurrence of fresh water in the Lee formation in parts of Elliott, Johnson, Lawrence, Magoffin, and Morgan Counties, eastern coal field region, Kentucky

This report describes the occurrence of fresh water and its relationship to saline water in the Lee Formation of Pennsylvanian age underlying parts of Elliott, Johnson, Lawrence, Magoffin, and Morgan Counties in the north-central part of the Eastern Coal Field region of Kentucky. The study is the second in'a series of saline-water investigations in Kentucky, and is the result of the initial study in this series, a statewide reconnaissance investigation of the fresh-saline water interface, which showed the presence of fresh water at depth in the study area. The presence of fresh water at depth is the result of flushing by fresh water (precipitation) over the past 270 million years. Precipitation entered the Lee Formation through a series of outcrops on structural highs, and discharged through a series of outcrops in the valleys of Paint Creek, Blaine Creek, and Little Sandy River and their tributaries. The outcrops resulted from erosion on the flanks and crest of structural highs such as the Laurel Creek, Mine Fork, and Mudlick domes, and the Irvine-Paint Creek, Blaine Creek, and Little Sandy River faults. The configuration of the piezometric surface shows the relation between ground-water flow and the geologic features in the study area. A flow-net analysis made for the Paint Creek drainage area, which covers approximately one-third of the study area, indicates that ground-water discharge into Paint Creek from the Lee Formation is about 600,000 gallons per day. Yields that may be expected from the Lee Formation are 10 to 15 gallons per minute from shallow wells in outcrop areas to 25 gallons per minute or more from fully penetrating wells away from the outcrop areas. The development of the cone of influence for one well, using a transmissibility of 2,000 gallons per day per foot, and the cumulative effect of the cone of influence of another well 2,000 feet away are simulated. The analysis indicates that a cone of influence around a pumping well penetrating the Lee will spread rapidly and widely in the aquifer. The quality of water in the Lee Formation is excellent, except for iron which frequently exceeds 0.3 milligrams per liter. Contamination by brines occurs in two distinct ways: by the upward movement of brine through abandoned oiland gas-test holes drilled to the underlying Mississippian and Devonian rocks, and from above by the downward movement of high chloride water from contaminated surface streams.