Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Residual-Driven Secure Transmission and Detection Approach Against Stealthy Cyber-Physical Attacks for Accident Prevention

With the development of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs), many industrial facilities have realized remote control and monitoring. However, the widespread of CPSs has brought new issues and challenges in terms of security. Attackers can exploit vulnerabilities induced by network communication, tamper with transmitted data, and cause serious accidents through carefully designed covert attacks. This paper proposes a residual-driven comprehensive defense scheme based on the coprime factorization technique to address the threat posed by concealed CPS attacks. The novel scheme protects CPS from stealth cyber-physical attacks through secure transmission and attack detection. In particular, a secure transmission method is first introduced to prevent information leakage from the source. The pivotal idea is to convert confidential transmission control and measurement signals into non-essential filtered residual signals. It contributes to the reduction of information leakage and helps reduce the risks of stealth attacks. Then, under the same residual-driven framework, a stealth attack detection approach is put forward. It can eliminate false alarms caused by system faults, and therefore, achieve superior efficacy in detection accuracy under stealth attacks. Finally, simulation research is conducted on the F-404 engine to verify the effectiveness and performance of the proposed scheme and approach.
Sources and Transport Pathways of Fecal Bacteria and Pathogens to Aquifers in Rural Bangladesh

The goal of this study was to test hollow-fiber ultrafiltration as a method for concentrating in situ bacteria and viruses in groundwater samples. Water samples from nine wells tapping a shallow sandy aquifer in a densely populated village in Bangladesh were reduced in volume approximately 400-fold using ultrafiltration. Culture-based assays for Total Coliforms and E. coli, as well as molecular-based assays for E. coli, Bacteroides and Adenovirus, were used as microbial markers before and after ultrafiltration to evaluate performance. Ultrafiltration increased the concentration of the microbial markers in 99% of cases. However, concentration factors (CF = post-filtration concentration/pre-filtration concentration) for each marker calculated from geometric means ranged from 52 to 1018 compared to the expected value of 400. The efficiency was difficult to quantify because concentrations of some of the markers, especially E. coli and Total Coliforms, in the well water collected before ultrafiltration varied by several orders of magnitude during the period of sampling. The potential influence of colloidal iron oxide precipitates in the groundwater was tested by adding EDTA to the pre-filtration water in half of the samples to prevent formation of precipitates. The use of EDTA had no
of interventions to support the early detection of skin-cancer through skin self-examination

Background: As skin cancer incidence rises, there is a need to evaluate early detection interventions by the public using skin self-examination (SSE), however, the literature focuses on primary prevention. No systematic reviews have evaluated the effectiveness of such SSE-interventions. Objective: To systematically examine, map, appraise and synthesise, qualitatively and quantitativelystudies evaluating the early-detection of skin cancer, using SSE-interventions. Methods: Systematic review (narrative synthesis and meta-analysis) examining randomised controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-experimental, observational, qualitative studies, published in English, using PRISMA and NICE 1 guidance. Electronic databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO, through to April 2015 (updated April 2018 using MEDLINE). Risk-of-bias assessment was conducted. Results : Included studies (n=18), totalling 6836 participants, were derived from 22 papers; these used 12 RCTs and 5 quasi-experiments (and
Straggler-Aware In-Network Aggregation for Accelerating Distributed Deep Learning

In-network aggregation facilitates accelerated distributed deep learning by utilizing a programmable switch to aggregate gradient packets. However, a straggler problem should be addressed to avoid performance degradation in terms of training time. In this paper, we propose a straggler-aware in-network aggregation (SAINA) scheme to mitigate the straggler problem while preventing accuracy degradation. In SAINA, the programmable switch aggregates local gradients of the fastest <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>k</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="pack-ieq1-3309318.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> workers to exclude stragglers and changes <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>k</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="pack-ieq2-3309318.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> adaptively to balance the tradeoff between training speed and accuracy. To this end, we design a switch-friendly convergence detection (SFCD) algorithm which detects a convergence point and determines <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>k</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="pack-ieq3-3309318.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> at the convergence point. SAINA is implemented over a software programmable switch and experimental results show that the accuracy of SAINA can reach a target accuracy up to 2.84x faster than the existing in-network aggregation scheme.
Local Context and Dimensional Relation Aware Transformer Network for Continuous Affect Estimation

In recent years, video-based continuous affect estimation has received more attention in computer vision. Therefore, how to robustly and accurately model the temporal information during facial expression change is crucial. Hence, we propose a transformer network that incorporates both local context and dimensional correlation to model visual information in an efficient manner. Specifically, noise, such as instantaneous head poses and lighting changes, may affect the model’s performance due to the local context insensitivity of the transformer’s self-attention layer. Therefore, a local-wise transformer encoder is adopted to enhance the transformer’s ability to capture local contextual information. In addition, considering the prior knowledge of the correlation between valence and arousal,we design the va-relevance bootstrap module and the corresponding valence-arousal relevance loss (va loss). Experiments on Aff-Wild2 and AFEW-VA datasets show the superior performance of our method for continuous affect estimation.
Traçage des circulations atmosphériques et océaniques en Atlantique Nord Subtropical à partir d'enregistrements géochimiques (Isoptopes du plomb et de l'oxygène) contenus dans le squelette des coraux massifs

L'objectif de cette etude est de retracer les voies de distributions atmospheriques et oceaniques du plomb au cours du 20eme siecle, en relation avec la variabilite climatique de l'Atlantique Subtropical Nord, a l'aide des archives coralliennes et des emissions anthropiques de plomb. Dans une premiere phase, l'impact des emissions atmospheriques americaines et europeennes a ete quantifie sur deux colonies coralliennes de la Mer des Caraibes (Ile de Mona et Ile de la Martinique) a partir des analyses du plomb et de ses isotopes stables par Spectrometrie de Masse a Thermo-Ionisation (TIMS). Les mesures realisees indiquent que les archives coralliennes sont de bons enregistreurs des emissions anthropiques de plomb. La resolution annuelle obtenue, notamment sur la colonie de l'ile de Mona, permet de retracer l'impact des emissions de plomb dans l'Atlantique Nord au cours du 20eme siecle. Cette resolution autorise l'acces aux cinetiques de transferts des aerosols a l'echelle du bassin. Par comparaison avec les profils realises sur differents sites (Bermudes, Floride, Barbade, Peninsule du Yucatan, Basin de Cariaco et Ile de Ste. Croix), il ressort que la distribution des aerosols dans l'Atlantique Subtropical est controlee par les parametres meteorologiques et reagit aux oscillations climatiques de l'Atlantique Nord (ONA). Du fait du temps de residence tres court du plomb dans l'atmosphere (moins de 10 jours), le decalage dans le temps d'evenements marques comme l'interdiction des essences plombees aux Etats Unis puis en Europe a conduit, a travailler egalement sur le compartiment oceanique. Les anomalies oceaniques deduites des enregistrements Δ18O sur les colonies coralliennes de Porto-Rico, de la Martinique et de la Guadeloupe peuvent en partie expliquer les dephasages observes. Les fluctuations oceaniques saisonnieres ont ete etablies et les variations interannuelles repondent a la fois aux ONA et aux perturbations climatiques de l'ocean Pacifique (ENSO-PDO).
Spatio-temporal fragmentation-aware time-varying service provisioning in computing power networks based on model-assisted reinforcement learning

Widespread application of AI with high computing requirements has promoted the rapid development of cloud and edge computing. Ubiquitous computing resources need to be interconnected through high-performance IP and optical networks. Computing power networks (CPNs) have been studied as an IP/optical cross-layer architecture to provide on-demand computing services. The service provisioning in CPNs can be modeled as a virtual optical network embedding problem; however, the time-varying characteristics of service requirements increase the complexity. In particular, there can be stranded computing or bandwidth resources that are isolated in the spatio-temporal dimension and therefore difficult for other requests to utilize. This phenomenon is referred to as spatio-temporal resource fragmentation, which will lead to inefficient use of resources and higher energy consumption. To meet the time-varying requirements and achieve an energy-efficient CPN, in this paper, we first analyze the main reason for spatio-temporal resource fragmentation and excess energy consumption in cross-layer CPNs, which is the mismatched embedding scheme and the inappropriate scheduling order. Therefore, an auxiliary-graph-model-assisted edge-featured graph-attention-network-enabled DRL algorithm, DeepDefrag, is studied to solve the problem. Its core highlight is co-optimizing the scheduling and embedding of time-varying virtual networks along with the awareness of resource fragmentation. In addition, an integer linear programming algorithm is developed to determine the performance bounds. We validate DeepDefrag through a series of ablation studies and comparison algorithms under different numbers of requests. The results show that DeepDefrag can achieve ${\gt}{26.4}\%$ lower energy consumption for CPNs compared with the DRL-based baseline. Moreover, it is shown to generalize well across requests and networks.
Dark energy model with anisotropic fluid and time-varying lambda in Kaluza-Klein metric

In this paper, we have investigated the dark energy cosmological model in the presence of anisotropic fluid in Kaluza–Klein metric with generalized time-dependent lambda Λ = α H 2 + β S 2 ( α , β are free parameters; H is Hubble parameter and S is normal scale factor). Considering the equation of state (EOS) p = ωρ for normal dimensions and p ψ = ( ω + δ ) ρ for the fifth dimension, exact solutions of Einstein field equations of the anisotropic model are obtained (where p - the pressure for normal dimensions, p ψ – the pressure of the fifth dimension, ρ - density of the fluid, ω - EOS parameter, and δ -skewness parameter). It is concluded that the universe at its early stage shows anisotropic behavior due to its finite value δ . The variations of ω and δ demonstrate the evolution from radiation dominated early universe to a dark energy-dominated universe. We have also investigated dark energy density, pressure, and other physical parameters. The physical parameters are dependent on free parameters and power index factor n which relates the extra dimension scale factor to the normal scale factor
Tendon-Driven Variable-Stiffness Pneumatic Soft Gripper Robot

In recent times, the soft robotics field has been attracting significant research focus owing to its high level of manipulation capabilities unlike traditional rigid robots, which gives room for increasing use in other areas. However, compared to traditional rigid gripper robots, being capable of controlling/obtaining overall body stiffness when required is yet to be further explored since soft gripper robots have inherently less-rigid properties. Unlike previous designs with very complex variable-stiffness systems, this paper demonstrates a soft gripper design with minimum system complexity while being capable of varying the stiffness of a continuum soft robotic actuator and proves to have potential applications in gripping objects of various shapes, weights, and sizes. The soft gripper actuator comprises two separate mechanisms: the pneumatic mechanism for bending control and the mechanical structure for stiffness variation by pulling tendons using stepper motors which compresses the actuator, thereby changing the overall stiffness. The pneumatic mechanism was first fabricated and then embedded into another silicon layer during which it was also merged with the mechanical structure for stiffness control. By first pneumatically actuating the actuator which causes bending and then pulling the tendons, we found out that the actuator stiffness value can be increased up to 145% its initial value, and the gripper can grasp and lift a weight of up to 2.075 kg.
What is Your Radiologic Diagnosis?

A 14-year-old female patient presents to a family physi-cian for fatigue, nausea, and shortness of breath ongoing for three months. Physical examination reveals decreased breath sounds in the right lung, and the patient is referred to hospital. The physical examination performed in the pediatric outpatient service of our hospital shows decreased breath sounds in the right lung and rales in the right lung apex. Chest radiograph demonstrates a large opacity that effaces the right hemidiaphragm in the middle and lower zones of the right lung (Figure 1A). Computed tomography (CT) shows thick-walled cystic lesions in the lower lobe of the right lung and right lobe of the liver (asterisk) (Figure 1B), and these are evaluated as hydatid cysts lesions. In-terventional radiology performs percutaneous drainage/
SGAN-IDS: Self-Attention-Based Generative Adversarial Network against Intrusion Detection Systems

In cybersecurity, a network intrusion detection system (NIDS) is a critical component in networks. It monitors network traffic and flags suspicious activities. To effectively detect malicious traffic, several detection techniques, including machine learning-based NIDSs (ML-NIDSs), have been proposed and implemented. However, in much of the existing ML-NIDS research, the experimental settings do not accurately reflect real-world scenarios where new attacks are constantly emerging. Thus, the robustness of intrusion detection systems against zero-day and adversarial attacks is a crucial area that requires further investigation. In this paper, we introduce and develop a framework named SGAN-IDS. This framework constructs adversarial attack flows designed to evade detection by five BlackBox ML-based IDSs. SGAN-IDS employs generative adversarial networks and self-attention mechanisms to generate synthetic adversarial attack flows that are resilient to detection. Our evaluation results demonstrate that SGAN-IDS has successfully constructed adversarial flows for various attack types, reducing the detection rate of all five IDSs by an average of 15.93%. These findings underscore the robustness and broad applicability of the proposed model.
Viscosité des fluides pétroliers riches en produits lourds : mesure et modélisation

Le but de ce travail est de predire la viscosite des fluides petroliers dans les roches meres ainsi que dans les reservoirs. En effet, la modelisation de la migration petroliere entre ces deux milieux met en oeuvre la loi de Darcy qui necessite la connaissance de la viscosite dynamique en fonction de la pression, de la temperature et de la composition du fluide. Il a ete fait appel a la methode des plans d'experiences afin de definir des melanges synthetiques en vue d'identifier l'influence de la composition sur la viscosite. Les bruts synthetiques ainsi determines representent les liquides formes dans les roches meres de type II a differents stades de maturation ainsi que les bruts de gisements ayant la meme origine. L'etude experimentale de la viscosite de bruts petroliers necessite en premier lieu une observation de la stabilite de la phase consideree. Effectivement, plusieurs melanges ont precipite des asphaltenes dans les conditions operatoires moyennes regnant dans les roches meres. La precipitation des asphaltenes dans les roches meres peut representer un parametre dont il faudra tenir compte dans la modelisation de l'expulsion et de la migration. Les mesures montrent que les concentrations en gaz et en asphaltenes sont determinantes pour la viscosite des bruts. La modelisation de la viscosite combine deux equations complementaires : la loi de melange de Grunberg et Nissan (1949), qui a ete modifiee et qui fournit la variation de la viscosite en fonction de la composition du fluide; la dependance en pression et en temperature etant representee par le modele de Kanti et al. (1989) qui a ete reajuste. Il a ete ainsi developpe un nouveau modele qui donne la viscosite dynamique des fluides petroliers en fonction de la pression, de la temperature et de la composition. Ce nouveau modele a ete valide avec des mesures de viscosite sur des bruts reels.
Phone Use, Offline Neglect, and Reachability: A Qualitative Study in Denmark, Lithuania, and Spain

The use of smart technology (ST) has dramatically increased in recent years, with smartphones and tablets affording use in all locations and for innumerable purposes. Consequently, we relate differently to our surroundings – a condition we refer to as 'offline neglect'. This paper reports the results of a qualitative, small-scale project investigating how informants from three European capital cities, Vilnius, Lithuania, Madrid, Spain, and Copenhagen, Denmark, perceive the changes associated with ST-induced offline neglect in the daily navigation of their physical and social environments. Our informants were generally quite verbose about the unwanted side effects of excessive phone use, especially on social relations. Nevertheless, most informants reported experiencing trouble with limiting their ST use although they did point to avoidance strategies. Based on our data, we introduce and discuss the concept of 'reachability' as crucial to understanding the effects of ST use on the social environment.
Biological Activities and Polyphenol Content of Qi Cha Tea®, a Functional Beverage of White Tea Containing Botanicals and Dry Botanical Extracts with European Health Claims

Infusions of Camellia sinensis leaves have been known for their health benefits. The Bio Concentrate Assets® (ABC) method is a method of enriching organic infusion leaves (from Camellia sinensis) with organic dry and concentrated extracts using organic acacia gum, and its application to white tea has provided Qi cha tea®. In the present study, the content of tea polyphenols and caffeine, and the biochemical properties of Qi cha tea® and its botanical constituents (elderberry, tulsi, Echinacea purpurea, orange peel, lemongrass, and acacia gum) were assessed. Antioxidant and cell viability activities were determined by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay in human Caco-2 and HCT-116 cell lines, and ascorbic acid and tamoxifen, respectively. The caffeine and polyphenol composition of Qi cha tea® was modified with less caffeine and gallic acid and more epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) than the original white tea. The majority of the tested botanical samples including Qi cha tea® at 50 µg/mL show similar antioxidant activities, with the exception of Echinacea purpurea. The greatest effect was found for white tea. The antioxidant power of the Qi cha tea® (90% at 50 µg/mL for pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) was divided by approximately a factor of two (61% at 50 µg/mL for pressurized liquid extraction products (PLEP)), which corresponds to the 48.3% (mass/mass) white tea original content in the Qi cha tea®. Qi cha tea® shows the lowest cytotoxic activity in the viability of the two cell lines when compared to white tea. The application of the ABC method to Qi cha tea® using various botanicals and dry extract with acacia gum as blinder has allowed the development of a new innovative functional health beverage that complies with European health claims.
Floral Aroma and Pollinator Relationships in Two Sympatric Late-Summer-Flowering Mediterranean Asparagus Species

This research delves into plant–pollinator relationships within the Mediterranean region, focusing on two synchronous and sympatric asparagus species: A. acutifolius and A. albus. For the first time, the floral scents of the genus Asparagus are reported. We investigate the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in their floral scents and their impact on pollinator attraction. Captured flower-emitted VOCs underwent solid-phase microextraction of headspace (SPME-HS) and gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The investigation confirms distinctive aroma profiles for each species. A. albus predominantly emits benzene derivatives and sesquiterpenes, while A. acutifolius is characterized by carotenoid derivatives, monoterpenes, and sesquiterpenes. The only shared compounds between the two species are the sesquiterpenes (Z,E)-α-farnesene and (E,E)-α-farnesene. A positive correlation links peak floral aroma intensity (benzenoids in A. albus and ionones in A. acutifolius) with a higher pollinator visit frequency, emphasizing the critical role of intense floral scents in pollinator attraction. The study of reproductive aspects reveals almost complete gynodioecy in A. acutifolius, influencing unique dynamics for the two species. These adaptations hold significant importance within the Mediterranean ecosystem, particularly during the late dry summer period, when a limited number of plant species vie for a shared primary pollinator.
A Population- and Hospital-based Cross-sectional Study of Renal Function in Hidradenitis Suppurativa

The chronic inflammatory skin diseases hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) and psoriasis have been linked to cardiovascular risk factors and the latter has also been linked to possible renal dysfunction. Since basement membrane thinning in the skin of HS patients has been described, we speculated whether similar basement membrane defects might occur in renal tissue. Our objective was to investi-gate a possible association between HS and renal dysfunction. We performed a hospital and population-based cross-sectional study using estimated Glomerular-Fil-tration-Rate (eGFR) to assess renal function. Thirty-two hospital individuals with HS, 430 population individuals with HS, and 20,780 population individuals without HS (controls) were identified. The age-, sex-, smoking-, BMI-, hypertension- and diabetes-adjusted analysis revealed a statistically significant higher eGFR for the hospital group with HS and a mean difference in eGFR of 6.81 (1.27–12.35) ml/min/1.73 m 2 between the hospital group with HS and the population group without HS. The observed higher eGFR in the hospital group with HS indicates a possible association of HS and renal dysfunction.