Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Methylmercury-Induced Inhibition of Paraoxonase-1 (PON1)—Implications for Cardiovascular Risk

Methylmercury (MeHg) has been associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease in some but not all epidemiology studies. These inconsistent results may stem from the fact that exposure typically occurs in the context of fish consumption, which is also associated with cardioprotective factors such as omega-3 fatty acids. Mechanistic information may help to understand whether MeHg represents a risk to cardiovascular health. MeHg is a pro-oxidant that inactivates protein sulfhydryls. These biochemical effects may diminish critical antioxidant defense mechanism(s) involved in protecting against atherosclerosis. One such defense mechanism is paraoxonase-1 (PON1), an enzyme present on high-density lipoproteins and that prevents the oxidation of blood lipids and their deposition in vascular endothelium. PON1 is potentially useful as a clinical biomarker of cardiovascular risk, as well as a critical enzyme in the detoxification of certain organophosphate oxons. MeHg and other metals are known to inhibit PON1 activity in vitro. MeHg is associated with lowered serum PON1 activity in a fish-eating population. The implications of lowering PON1 are evaluated by predicting the shift in PON1 population distribution induced by various doses of MeHg. An MeHg dose of 0.3 μg/kg/d is estimated to decrease the population average PON1 level by 6.1% and to increase population risk of acute cardiovascular events by 9.7%. This evaluation provides a plausible mechanism for MeHg-induced cardiovascular risk and suggests means to quantify the risk. This case study exemplifies the use of upstream disease biomarkers to evaluate the additive effect of chemical toxicity with background disease processes in assessing human risk.
Am J Clin Dermatol 2003; 4 (7): 473-492

474
Credit Card Fraud Detection using Machine Learning

Fraudulent transactions using credit card has been a growing concern with far reaching among various such as including government, corporate organizations, finance industry. Internet business is the most helpful answer for grow the client base and accomplish the biggest stage with a little venture. The fast development in the E-Commerce has significantly expanded Visas use for online buys and it actuated blow-up in the Credit card misrepresentation. For both online just as ordinary buy Credit card turned into the most well-known method of instalment, extortion cases associated with it are additionally emerging. The false exchanges are mistaken for certified exchanges and the basic example coordinating methods are not frequently enough to identify those cheats precisely. Effective location misrepresentation framework execution wound up basic to limit their misfortunes for all credit card issuing banks. Present day strategies dependent on Artificial Intelligence, Data mining, Fuzzy rationale, Machine learning, Sequence Alignment, Genetic Programming and so forth. , are developed in distinguishing different Visa deceitful exchanges. When credit card transactions become a common mode of payment, machine learning has been based on handling the credit card fraud problem. This paper investigates naïve bayesian, k-nearest neighbor's performance on highly skewed credit card fraud based on genetic and optimization algorithm to determine the fraudulent transaction using credit card. Logistic Regression is a supervised classification technique which returns the probability of binary dependent variable predicted from the independent dataset variable that is logistic regression predicts the probability of different outcomes that have two values either yes or no and false or true. The Proposed System have been applied with genetic and optimization algorithm to find out the fraudualent transaction using credit card.
A Sketching Interface for Garment Design

The range of approaches used for clothing virtual characters is large: for incidental characters, the clothing may be no more than a texture map. For lead characters in feature films, full-fledged physical simulation of detailed cloth models may be used. And in the midrange, simple skinning techniques, combined with texture mapping, are common, providing some deformation of clothing as the character moves, but no physical realism. There are three problems one can associate with clothing virtual characters: the design of the clothes (tailoring), placing them on the character (dressing), and making them look physically correct (typically through simulation). The process of tailoring involves choosing the cloth and fitting it to the body, often making adjustments in the patterns of the cloth to adapt it to the particular person's body shape, and then sewing it. For virtual characters, clothing often has no "patterns" from which it is sewn, instead it is represented by a simple polygonal mesh that is constructed to fit the body. It's currently tedious to construct such meshes even without the issues of patterns and stitching. It's sometimes done by directly incorporating the cloth mesh into a character's geometric model, so that the character doesn't actually have legs, for instance, but just pants (see figure 1.1). In this case physical simulation is no longer a possibility, and when a character needs new clothes, it must be largely re-modeled. An alternative approach involves drawing pattern pieces for a garment and positioning them over the naked form of the character, defining stitching constraints, etc. This can be tedious, especially when the character is not important enough to merit this amount of effort; it also requires an understanding of how cloth fits over shapes, although the actual pattern-and-stitching information may not be relevant after the tailoring is completed (except in the rare case where the physical properties of the cloth -- was it cut on the bias? Does the cloth resist folding along one axis? -- are later used in a full-fledged physical simulation). Our approach combines tailoring and dressing into a single step to create a mesh that's suitable for later simulation or skinning approaches. The idea is to make it easy to generate simple garments that are adapted to an existing model. We believe that most people know better how to draw garments than the patterns which are needed to sew them. The aim of this work is thus to explore the use of a sketch-based interface for quickly constructing 3D virtual garments over a character model. This report describes simple solutions to the problems of shape generation and placement of the clothing. The resulting system is so easy to use that it takes only few minutes to create a simple garment.
Improving Peer Assessment Quality in a Web Development Course

Academia has used peer reviews to ensure high quality of scholarly work for decades, and the way it allows the reviewers to gain an insight into the work of other people has proven beneficial to learners, particularly through the process of peer assessment. Peer assessment is an educational method where students assess the work of peer students, and state of the art research have found it a reliable method for assessing a significant number of students while simultaneously improving the learning experience of the assessors. Due to lack of quality in some peer assessments done in a web development course at NTNU, work started to investigate ways to improve the quality of the assessments. After a literature review, the two primary research questions for the thesis were ‘How can the use of peer assessments be improved with regards to the usefulness and learning experience for students? ’ and ‘How can course staff spend less time evaluating peer assessments while still maintaining legitimacy? ’. Following the research questions came the conceptualization and prototyping of an information system which implements a usefulness-rating of peer assessments, where the receiving students rate the assessments. The results from a survey of students in the course mentioned above suggest that a rating system will increase the effort students are willing to put into the assessments. If the usefulness-rating of the assessments makes part of their grade for the course, more than 90% were willing to produce high-quality assessments. Due to lack of interest from contacted course staff at the university, a full-scale test of the system was not possible. Therefore, the conclusion of the thesis is currently purely theoretical, and further work is required to address the research questions thoroughly.
The Influence of Personality Traits on Specific Coping Styles and the Development of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms following Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Cluster Analytic Approach

Objective: A growing body of literature suggests a relationship between personality traits and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms after acute coronary events (ACS). However, specific personality profiles have not been examined in patients after ACS. Thus, the aim of the present study was to examine personality profiles created from response patterns on the resilience, alexithymia and type D personality (TDP) scales and to examine associations with PTSD symptoms, symptom clusters and coping styles among a sample of ACS patients. Methods: A cluster analytic approach was utilized to identify risk profiles based on personality variables and a series of ANOVAs in 154 patients. Post hoc analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between each profile, and interviewer-rated PTSD symptoms and different coping styles. Results: The analyses indicated a three-cluster solution, including low- (high resilience, low alexithymia and non-TDP), medium- (average resilience, average alexithymia and non-TDP) and high-risk (low resilience, high alexithymia and TDP) profiles. Clusters differed significantly in all three coping subscales. At 3-month follow up, clusters differed significantly in all three PTSD subscales (re-experiencing, avoidance and hyperarousal). At 12-month follow up, the differences remained significant for the hyperarousal subscale only. Conclusions: The personality profiles identified and the respective associations to PTSD symptoms and coping strategies highlight the potential impact for the psychological adjustment following ACS.
Concepts for C++0x

3 Design rationale 4 3.1 Template compilation model . 5 3.2 Specific language features in the design space . 6 3.2. 1 Named conformance vs. structural conformance . 6 3.2. 2 New templates vs. new template parameters . 7 3.2. 3 Pseudo-signatures vs. valid expressions . 8 3.2. 4 Placeholder types vs. concept names as types . 9 3.2. 5 Specifying constraints . 10 3.2. 6 Associated types . 11 3.2. 7 Same-type constraints . 11 3.2. 8 Integral-constant constraints . 11
ON SCHRÖDINGER EQUATIONS WITH INDEFINITE NONLINEARITIES

Abstract In this paper we consider the problem of finding standing waves – solutions to nonlinear Schrödinger equations with vanishing potential and sign-changing nonlinearities. This involves searching for solutions of the problem (1)\begin{equation}\label {eq:0.1} -\! \varepsilon ^2 \Delta u+V(x)u=Q(x)|u|^{p-1}u \quad \mbox {in } \mathbb {R}^N. \end{equation}We show that the problem has a solution, and the maximum point of the solution is concentrated on a minimum point of some function as ε→0.
Optimal orientations of discrete global grids and the Poles of Inaccessibility

ABSTRACT Spatial analyses involving binning often require that every bin have the same area, but this is impossible using a rectangular grid laid over the Earth or over any projection of the Earth. Discrete global grids use hexagons, triangles, and diamonds to overcome this issue, overlaying the Earth with equally-sized bins. Such discrete global grids are formed by tiling the faces of a polyhedron. Previously, the orientations of these polyhedra have been chosen to satisfy only simple criteria such as equatorial symmetry or minimizing the number of vertices intersecting landmasses. However, projection distortion and singularities in discrete global grids mean that such simple orientations may not be sufficient for all use cases. Here, I present an algorithm for finding suitable orientations; this involves solving a nonconvex optimization problem. As a side-effect of this study I show that Fuller's Dymaxion map corresponds closely to one of the optimal orientations I find. I also give new high-accuracy calculations of the Poles of Inaccessibility, which show that Point Nemo, the Oceanic Pole of Inaccessibility, is 15 km farther from land than previously recognized.
Topological features in locally connected RBMs

Unsupervised learning algorithms find ways to model latent structure present in the data. These latent structures can then serve as a basis for supervised classification methods. A common choice for unsupervised feature discovery is the Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM). Since the RBM is a general purpose learning machine, it is not particularly tailored for image data. Representations found by RBMs are consequently not image-like. Since it is essential to exploit the known topological structure for image analysis, it is desirable not to discard the topology property when learning new representations. Then, the same learning methods can be applied to the latent representation in a hierarchical manner. In this work, we propose a modification to the learning rule of locally connected RBMs, which ensures that topological image structure is preserved in the latent representation. To this end, we use a Gaussian kernel to transfer topological properties of the image space to the feature space. The learned model is then used as an initialization for a neural network trained to classify the images. We evaluate our approach on the MNIST and Caltech 101 datasets and demonstrate that we are able to learn topological feature maps.
High-resolution intracellular recordings using a real-time interaction between the neuron and a computational model of the electrode

5 Kernel estimation 6 5.1 The least square problem . 6 5.2 Fast implementation . 7 5.3 Choosing the input signal . 8 5.4 Isolation of electrode kernel . 10 5.5 Implementation . 13
Iwc 2013 2nd International Workshop on Confluence Program Committee Three Termination Problems Confluence and Infinity -a Kaleidoscopic View Disproving Confluence of Term Rewriting Systems by Interpretation and Ordering (extended Abstract)

s of Invited Talks Three Termination Problems . 1 Patrick Dehornoy Confluence and Infinity a kaleidoscopic view . 3 Jan Willem Klop
Accurate estimation of the number of tuples satisfying a condition

We present a new method for estimating the number of tuples satisfying a condition of the type attribute rel constant, where rel is one of "=", ">", "<", "≥", "≤". Our method gives highly accurate, yet easy to compute, estimates. We store information about attribute values as a list of distribution steps (histograms where buckets, instead of having equal width, have equal height). These distribution steps provide an upper bound on the error when estimating the number of tuples satisfying a condition. The estimation error can be arbitrarily reduced by increasing the number of steps. We analyze desirable conditions that such estimates should satisfy. Based on the distribution steps, we derive a set of estimation formulas which minimize the worst-case error. We also present another set of formulas which reduce the average-case error. Finally, we show how to use sampling to compute a close approximation of the distribution steps very quickly. The major applications of our method are in query optimization and in answering statistical queries.
Privacy-Preserving Compressive Sensing for Crowdsensing Based Trajectory Recovery

Location based services have experienced an explosive growth and evolved from utilizing a single location to the whole trajectory. Due to the hardware and energy constraints, there are usually many missing data within a trajectory. In order to accurately recover the complete trajectory, crowdsensing provides a promising method. This method resorts to the correlation among multiple users' trajectories and the advanced compressive sensing technique, which significantly outperforms conventional interpolation methods on accuracy. However, as trajectories exposes users' daily activities, the privacy issue is a major concern in crowdsensing. While existing solutions independently tackle the accurate trajectory recovery and privacy issues, yet no single design is able to address these two challenges simultaneously. Therefore in this paper, we propose a novel Privacy Preserving Compressive Sensing (PPCS) scheme, which encrypts a trajectory with several other trajectories while maintaining the homomorphic obfuscation property for compressive sensing. Under PPCS, adversaries can only capture the encrypted data, so the user privacy is preserved. Furthermore, the homomorphic obfuscation property guarantees that the recovery accuracy of PPCS is comparable to the state-of-the-art compressive sensing design. Based on two publicly available traces with numerous users and long durations, we conduct extensive simulations to evaluate PPCS. The results demonstrate that PPCS achieves a high accuracy of <;53 m and a large distortion between the encrypted and the original trajectories (a commonly adopted metric of privacy strength) of >9,000 m even when up to 50% original data are missing.
Inhibition of bacterial carbonic anhydrases and zinc proteases: from orphan targets to innovative new antibiotic drugs.

Zinc-containing enzymes, such as carbonic anhydrases (CAs) and metalloproteases (MPs) play critical functions in bacteria, being involved in various steps of their life cycle, which are important for survival, colonization, acquisition of nutrients for growth and proliferation, facilitation of dissemination, invasion and pathogenicity. The development of resistance to many classes of clinically used antibiotics emphasizes the need of new antibacterial drug targets to be explored. There is a wealth of data regarding bacterial CAs and zinc MPs present in many pathogenic species, such as Neisseria spp. , Helycobacter pylori Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Brucella spp. , Streptococcus pneumoniae, Salmonella enterica, Haemophilus influenzae, Listeria spp, Vibrio spp. , Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Legionella pneumophila, Streptomyces spp. , Clostridium spp. , Enterococcus spp. , etc. Some of these enzymes have been cloned, purified and characterized by crystallographic techniques. However, for the moment, few potent and specific inhibitors for bacterial MPs have been reported except for Clostridium histolyticum collagenase, botulinum and tetanus neurotoxin and anthrax lethal factor, which will be reviewed in this article. Bacteria encode α-,β-, and/or γ-CA families, but up to now only the first two classes have been investigated in some detail in different species. The α-CAs from Neisseria spp. and H. pylori as well as the β-class enzymes from E. coli, H. pylori, M. tuberculosis, Brucella spp. , S. pneumoniae, S. enterica and H. influenzae have been cloned and characterized. The catalytic/inhibition mechanisms of these CAs are well understood as X-ray crystal structures are available for some of them, but no adducts of these enzymes with inhibitors have been characterized so far. In vitro and in vivo studies with various classes of inhibitors, such as anions, sulfonamides and sulfamates have been reported. Only for Neisseria spp. , H. pylori, B. suis and S. pneumoniae CAs it has been possible to evidence inhibition of bacterial growth in vivo. Thus, bacterial CAs and MPs represent at this moment very promising targets for obtaining antibacterials devoid of the resistance problems of the clinically used such agents but further studies are needed to validate these and other less investigated enzymes as novel drug targets.
Human papillomavirus type 16 E 7 binds to the conserved carboxy-terminal region of the TATA box binding protein and this contributes to E 7 transforming activity

IP: 54.70. 40.11 On: Thu, 03 Jan 2019 14:58:30 Journal of General Virology (1997), 78, 2607–2613. Printed in Great Britain .
Comparative Genomics of All Three Campylobacter sputorum Biovars and a Novel Cattle-Associated C. sputorum Clade

Abstract Campylobacter sputorum is a nonthermotolerant campylobacter that is primarily isolated from food animals such as cattle and sheep. C. sputorum is also infrequently associated with human illness. Based on catalase and urease activity, three biovars are currently recognized within C. sputorum: bv. sputorum (catalase negative, urease negative), bv. fecalis (catalase positive, urease negative), and bv. paraureolyticus (catalase negative, urease positive). A multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) method was recently constructed for C. sputorum. MLST typing of several cattle-associated C. sputorum isolates suggested that they are members of a divergent C. sputorum clade. Although catalase positive, and thus technically bv. fecalis, the taxonomic position of these strains could not be determined solely by MLST. To further characterize C. sputorum, the genomes of four strains, representing all three biovars and the divergent clade, were sequenced to completion. Here we present a comparative genomic analysis of the four C. sputorum genomes. This analysis indicates that the three biovars and the cattle-associated strains are highly related at the genome level with similarities in gene content. Furthermore, the four genomes are strongly syntenic with one or two minor inversions. However, substantial differences in gene content were observed among the three biovars. Finally, although the strain representing the cattle-associated isolates was shown to be C. sputorum, it is possible that this strain is a member of a novel C. sputorum subspecies; thus, these cattle-associated strains may form a second taxon within C. sputorum.
Are Recommendations Regarding Inpatient Therapy Intensity Following Acute Stroke Really Evidence-Based?

Abstract Background: Recommendations regarding the daily minimum dose of therapy that patients should receive following stroke are included in many clinical practice guidelines. We examined the related literature to determine whether a specific evidence-based recommendation could be supported. Method: Six clinical practice guidelines were retrieved and examined to determine what recommendation, if any, had been made regarding the daily provision of therapy during inpatient rehabilitation. All studies cited by the guideline authors to support their recommendations were identified and retrieved. Studies in which treatment was (a) focused on motor recovery, (b) initiated during inpatient rehabilitation, and (c) provided within 3 months of stroke onset were reviewed in greater detail. Results: Three of the 6 identified guidelines recommended daily minimum amounts of therapy, ranging from 45 to 60 minutes each day of occupational (OT) and physiotherapy (PT), and 3 made general statements indicating that increased intensity of therapy was either recommended or was not recommended. Among the 6 guidelines, 37 studies had been cited to support the recommendations. Of these, 15 were reviewed in detail. On average, patients in the control condition received 48 minutes of therapy per day while those in the experimental group received 63% more, or 78 minutes per day. Patients in the experimental group performed significantly better on the primary outcome in only 5 (33%) studies. Conclusions: We believe the evidence base cannot support a specific recommendation related to therapy intensity during inpatient rehabilitation following stroke.