Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dominant role of eddies and filaments in the offshore transport of carbon and nutrients in the California Current System

The coastal upwelling region of the California Current System (CalCS) is a well-known site of high productivity and lateral export of nutrients and organic matter, yet neither the magnitude nor the governing processes of this offshore transport are well quantified. Here we address this gap using a high-resolution (5 km) coupled physical-biogeochemical numerical simulation (ROMS). The results reveal (i) that the offshore transport is a very substantial component of any material budget in this region, (ii) that it reaches more than 800 km into the offshore domain, and (iii) that this transport is largely controlled by mesoscale processes, involving filaments and westward propagating eddies. The process starts in the nearshore areas, where nutrient and organic matter-rich upwelled waters pushed offshore by Ekman transport are subducted at the sharp lateral density gradients of upwelling fronts and filaments located at ∼25–100 km from the coast. The filaments are very effective in transporting the subducted material further offshore until they form eddies at their tips at about 100–200 km from the shore. The cyclonic eddies tend to trap the cold, nutrient, and organic matter-rich waters of the filaments, whereas the anticyclones formed nearby encapsulate the low nutrient and low organic matter waters around the filament. After their detachment, both types of eddies propagate further in offshore direction, with a speed similar to that of the first baroclinic mode Rossby waves, providing the key mechanism for long-range transport of nitrate and organic matter from the coast deep into the offshore environment.
CUSTOMERS’ SATISFACTION IN ATM SERVICE: AN EMPIRICAL EVIDENCES FROM PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS IN INDIA

The aim of this paper was to provide a preliminary comparative investigation of the customer satisfaction in ATM service of public and private sector banks in India. For this investigation primary data was collected from 150 respondents of public and private sector banks through a structured questionnaire. Collected data was analyzed according to the objectives of the present research and result of the statistical analysis indicates that private sector banks are providing more satisfactory ATM service as compared to public sector banks. Empirical evidences indicates that customers perception about Efficiency, Security and Responsiveness, Cost Effectiveness, Problem Handling and Compensation and Contact service related to ATM service is low in both public and privates sector banks (ranging between 3.00 to 3.50). Therefore both types of banks should aware about these aspects of ATM service to enhance customers’ satisfaction.
Studying the Effect of Vacancies on the Thermal Conductivity of Metal-Coated Carbon Nanotubes Using Molecular Dynamics Atomistic Simulations

STUDYING THE EFFECT OF VACANCIES ON THE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF METAL-COATED CARBON NANOTUBES USING MOLECULAR DYNAMICS ATOMISTIC SIMULATIONS Ravindra Sunil Dhumal, MS Department of Mechanical Engineering Northern Illinois University, 2019 Dr. Iman Salehinia, Thesis Director Breakthroughs in nanotechnology have made it possible for the size of electronic gadgets to be scaled down to micro/nano level. What follows, however, is the side effect of high-power densities and overheating as the heat dissipation is restricted to very small surface area. Thus, the need of an effective thermal management system is central to these developments. One way to counter this problem is to use thermal interface materials (TIMs) which promote heat transfer between heat source and sink. Owing to their high thermal conductivity (up to 6000 W/mK), carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are thought of as strong candidates for TIMs. Unfortunately, they do not behave as expected when employed as vertically aligned CNT arrays, called turfs. Possible causes include but are not restricted to bent/deformed CNTs, presence of impurities, defects, tube-tube contact resistance, and radiative heat losses to surroundings. Since the reduction in thermal conductivity of CNTs due to vacancies can be attributed to scattering of phonons at the site of the vacancies, we hypothesize that coating the defective CNTs with metallic layers will alleviate this reduction by providing additional pathways for heat transfer. Additionally, the metallic coatings will help decrease the contact resistance between co-axial tubes, protect the CNTs from surroundings to reduce radiative heat losses, and provide an added stiffness to CNTs, restricting their deformation. The current study focuses on employing molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to study the effect of vacancy concentration(s) on the thermal conductivity of metal-coated tri-walled CNTs (3WCNT). It should be noted that the metal’s major contribution to heat transfer is by the virtue of its electrons, which the classical MD simulations are unable to capture. We therefore employ twotemperature model (TTM), which can take into consideration the effect of electron-phonon interactions. Due to its ability to form uniform coatings around CNTs, nickel has been chosen as the prime candidate for metal in this study. NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY DE KALB, ILLINOIS
A peptidergic amygdala microcircuit modulates sexually dimorphic contextual fear

Trauma can cause dysfunctional fear regulation leading some to develop disorders like post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The amygdala regulates fear, and, PACAP and PAC1 receptors are linked to PTSD symptom severity at genetic/epigenetic levels, with a strong link in females with PTSD. We discovered a PACAPergic projection from the basomedial amygdala (BMA) to the medial intercalated cells (mICCs). In vivo optogenetic stimulation of this pathway increased cfos expression in mICCs, decreased fear retention and increased fear extinction. Selective deletion of PAC1 receptors from the mICCs in females reduced fear acquisition, but enhanced fear generalization and reduced fear extinction in males. Optogenetic stimulation of the BMA-mICCs PACAPergic pathway produced excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in mICCs neurons, which was enhanced by PAC1 receptor antagonist, PACAP 6-38. Our findings show that mICCs modulate contextual fear in a dynamic and sex-dependent manner via the microcircuit containing the BMA and mICCs, dependent on behavioral state.
Pulsatory Liposome: A Possible Biotechnological Device

A unilamellar liposome filled with an osmotic solution is introduced into a hypotonic aqueous environment. Because of the mechanical tension induced by the osmotic flow, the vesicle swells up to a critical size, when suddenly a transbilayer pore appears and the vesicle relaxing stage starts. A part of the intracellular material leaks out through this pore, and the liposome membrane relaxes and finally recovers. The swelling begins again and the liposome experiences a periodical process. For this reason, we have named it a pulsatory liposome. The swelling of the liposome is described by a differential equation. All the processes which contribute to the vesicle relaxing and its coming back to the initial size are described by three differential equations. The pulsatory liposome can be programmed to work a number of cycles, established before. The activity of a pulsatory liposome can be characterized by the following parameters: (a) number of cycles, the length time of each cycle, and liposome activity life; (b) the length time of the swelling stage and the relaxation stage for each cycle; (c) the amount of solute leaked out through the pore in each cycle. The pulsatory liposome may be regarded as a two-stroke engine.
Manipulation in Majoritarian Goal-based Voting

Dans le vote par buts les agents s’expriment sur des questions binaires grˆace `a des formules de logique propositionnelle. Les buts individuels sont agr´eg´es par une fonction qui calcule la d´ecision collective comme un ensemble d’´evaluations. Avoir des agents motiv´es par des buts individuels am`ene naturellement `a des situations de vote strat´egique, o`u un agent peut obte-nir un meilleur r´esultat en d´eclarant un but insinc`ere. La majorit´e ´etant une des r`egles les plus connues uti-lis´ees pour prendre des d´ecisions collectives, nous ´etu-dions trois de ses variantes dans le cadre du vote par buts. Nous ´etudions la manipulation pour ces r`egles en g´en´eral, ainsi que pour un ensemble limit´e d’actions strat´egiques ou des restrictions sur le langage des buts. Nous ´etablissons aussi la complexit´e computationnelle pour qu’un agent puisse trouver une manipulation.
Robust Template Update Strategy for Efficient Visual Object Tracking

Real-time visual object tracking is an open problem in computer vision, withmultiple applications in the industry, such as autonomous vehicles, human-machine interaction, intelligent cinematography, automated surveillance, and autonomous social navigation. The challenge of tracking a target of interest is critical to all of these applications. Recently, tracking algorithms that use siamese neural networks trained offline on large-scale datasets of image pairs have achieved the best performance exceeding real-time speed on multiple benchmarks. Results show that siamese approaches can be applied to enhance the tracking capabilities by learning deeper features of the object’s appearance. SiamMask utilized the power of siamese networks and supervised learning approaches to solve the problemof arbitrary object tracking in real-time speed.However, its practical applications are limited due to failures encountered during testing. In order to improve the robustness of the tracker andmake it applicable for the intended real-world application, two improvements have been incorporated, each addressing a different aspect of the tracking task. The first one is a data augmentation strategy to consider bothmotion-blur and lowresolution during training. It aims to increase the robustness of the tracker against a motion-blurred and low-resolution frames during inference. The second improvement is a target template update strategy that utilizes both the initial ground truth template and a supplementary updatable template, which considers the score of the predicted target for an efficient template update strategy by avoiding template updates during severe occlusion. All of the improvements were extensively evaluated and have achieved state-of-theart performance in the VOT2018 and VOT2019 benchmarks. Ourmethod (VPU-SiamM) has been submitted to the VOT-ST 2020 challenge, and it is ranked 16 out of 38 submitted trackingmethods according to the Expected average overlap (EAO)metrics. VPU_SiamM Implementation can be found from the VOT2020 Trackers repository.
Aggregate Shocks and Labor Market Fluctuations

This paper evaluates the dynamic response of worker flows, job flows, and vacancies to aggregate shocks in a structural vector autoregression. We identify demand, monetary, and technology shocks by imposing sign restrictions on the responses of output, inflation, the interest rate, and the relative price of investment. No restrictions are placed on the responses of job and worker flows variables. We find that both investment-specific and neutral technology shocks generate responses to job and worker flows variables that are qualitatively similar to those induced by monetary and demand shocks. However, technology shocks have more persistent effects. The job finding rate largely drives the response of unemployment, though the separation rate explains up to one third. For job flows, the destruction margin is more important than the creation margin in driving employment growth. Measuring reallocation from job flows, we find that monetary and demand shocks do not have significant effects on cumulative job reallocation, whereas expansionary technology shocks have mildly negative effects. We also estimate shock-specific matching functions. Allowing for a break in 1984:Q1 shows considerable subsample differences in matching elasticities and relative shock-specific efficiency.
Following the Leader: Ruling China, from Deng Xiaoping to Xi Jinping

List of Illustrations and Tables Acknowledgments Introduction 1. Evolution in the Revolution Part One. China, a Wide-Angle View 2. Governance and Leadership 3. Policy Making 4. The World Part Two. China, an Up-Close View 5. Nightmares 6. Soldiers and Civilians 7. Negotiation Chinese Style Conclusion: Driving beyond the Headlights Appendix: The Interviews and Interviewing in China Notes Index
Tea Polyphenols Chemistry for Pharmaceutical Applications

Tea is one of the most ancient popular beverages and extensively used dietary supplement in the western world. Tea leaves are rich in polyphenols and also well known for its antioxidant properties. In addition, green tea extract contains several polyphenols with antioxidant compounds. The predominant effective antioxidant components are epigallocatechin 3-gallate and epicatechin 3-gallate (monomers). Tea polyphenols have an additional role to induce aroma and taste in beverages. Furthermore, tea polyphenols have multiple applications in food industry and biomedical applications. This chapter will summarise the origin of tea leaves and its beneficial account on antioxidant, food industry (meat products, plant products and fish products) and therapeutic applications against many diseases such as lowering of blood pressure, diabetes, Parkinson’s disease and anticancer properties. Mainly tea polyphenols have potential to inhibit the cancer proliferation of skin, prostate, lung and breast cancer.
After Captain Cook: The archaeology of the recent Indigenous Past in Australia

Part 1 Figures Part 2 Tables Part 3 Foreword Chapter 4 1. Introduction: 'Too many Captain Cooks'? An archaeology of Aboriginal Australia after 1788 Part 5 RESEARCH ON THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE RECENT INDIGENOUS PAST IN AUSTRALIA Chapter 6 2. The Mjoberg collection and contact period Aboriginal material culture from north-east Queensland's rainforest region Chapter 7 3. Shared histories and the archaeology of the pastoral industry in Australia Chapter 8 4. 'This civilising experiment': Photography at Coranderrk Aboriginal Station during the 1860s Chapter 9 5. Finding meaning in the patterns: The analysis of material culture from a contact site in Tasmania Part 10 NATIVE TITLE AND THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE RECENT ABORIGINAL PAST Chapter 11 6. Legislating the past: Native title and the history of Aboriginal Australia Chapter 12 7. Can archaeology be used to address the principle of exclusive possession in native title? Part 13 CONTACT ARCHAEOLOGY AND HERITAGE MANAGEMENT Chapter 14 8. An archaeology of attachment: Cultural heritage and the post-contact Chapter 15 9. Recent investigations at the Ebenezer Mission cemetery Chapter 16 10. Places people value: Social significance and cultural exchange in post-invasion Australia Chapter 17 11. A past remembered: Aboriginal 'historical' places in central Queensland Chapter 18 12. Epilogue: An archaeology of Indigenous/non-Indigenous Australia from 1788 Part 19 Index
Bayesian neural network for rainfall‐runoff modeling

In this paper, a Bayesian learning approach is introduced to train a multilayer feed‐forward network for daily river flow and reservoir inflow simulation in a cold region river basin in Canada. In Bayesian approach, uncertainty about the relationship between inputs and outputs is initially taken care of by an assumed prior distribution of parameters (weights and biases). This prior distribution is updated to posterior distribution using a likelihood function following Bayes' theorem while data are observed. This posterior distribution is called the objective function of a network in the Bayesian learning approach. The objective function is maximized using a suitable optimization technique. Once the network is trained, the predictive distribution of the network outputs is obtained by integrating over the posterior distribution of weights. In this study, Gaussian prior distribution and a Gaussian noise model are used in defining posterior distribution. The network has been optimized using a scaled conjugate gradient technique. Posterior distribution of weights is approximated to Gaussian during prediction. Prediction performance of the Bayesian neural network (BNN) is compared with the results obtained from a standard artificial neural network (ANN) model and a widely used conceptual rainfall‐runoff model, namely, HBV‐96. The BNN model outperformed the conceptual model and slightly outperformed the standard ANN model in simulating mean, peak, and low river flows and reservoir inflows. The significant contribution of the Bayesian method over the conventional ANN approach, among others, is the uncertainty estimation of the outputs in the form of confidence intervals which are particularly needed in practical water resources applications. Prediction confidence limits (or intervals) indicate the extent to which one can rely on predictions for decision making. It is shown that the BNN can provide reliable streamflow and reservoir inflow forecasts without a loss in model prediction accuracy as compared to standard ANN and conceptual model HBV. Another significant advantage of BNN approach is that the overfitting and underfitting problems are automatically taken care of by the Bayesian learning algorithm, which conversely remain serious problems with conventional ANN learning algorithm.
Who Cares? Social Mobility and the ‘Class Ceiling’ in Nursing

Nursing is often associated with providing working-class women a route to upward social mobility. This article argues that although nursing is a relatively open profession, the impact of social class endures, with the main division between nurses who are from higher professional backgrounds and the rest. We utilise the Great British Class Survey (GBCS) to explore nurses’ social origins; the relationship between background and economic, social, and cultural capital; and the impact of origin and capitals on income (and inferred career trajectory). While recognising the methodological limitations of the GBCS, we suggest there may be a ‘class ceiling’ in nursing, and that class advantages are still significant in lower professions of the public sector. Class identification endures regardless of whether nurses have been upwardly or downwardly mobile. We also suggest future directions for intragenerational mobility and gender in social mobility research and make a case for longitudinal and qualitative analysis of nurses’ trajectories. Our findings indicate that the downwardly mobile children of the middle classes retain their classed advantages as they establish their own careers.
Travel cost demand model based river recreation benefit estimates with on‐site and household surveys: Comparative results and a correction procedure

Past recreation studies have noted that on‐site or visitor intercept surveys are subject to over‐sampling of avid users (i.e., endogenous stratification) and have offered econometric solutions to correct for this. However, past papers do not estimate the empirical magnitude of the bias in benefit estimates with a real data set, nor do they compare the corrected estimates to benefit estimates derived from a population sample. This paper empirically examines the magnitude of the recreation benefits per trip bias by comparing estimates from an on‐site river visitor intercept survey to a household survey. The difference in average benefits is quite large, with the on‐site visitor survey yielding $24 per day trip, while the household survey yields $9.67 per day trip. A simple econometric correction for endogenous stratification in our count data model lowers the benefit estimate to $9.60 per day trip, a mean value nearly identical and not statistically different from the household survey estimate.
Using a Panel of Immunomarkers to Define Homologies in Mammalian Brains

Brain mapping has relied on a small number of routine chemical stains for many decades. The advent of immunomarkers has had a major impact on the ability to define homologous nuclei from one species to another. The first atlas to present a panel of immunomarkers was that of Paxinos et al. (1999a,b) in the adult rat brain. The markers used were parvalbumin, calbindin, calretinin, SMI32, tyrosine hydroxylase, and NADPH diaphorase (plus nissl and acetylcholinesterase). The ‘signature’ of a nucleus of interest in a new species can be tested against the findings in the rat. Since the pattern of immunomarkers seems to be conserved in mammalian evolution, such extrapolations can be made with reasonable confidence. A marmoset brain stained with a comprehensive set of immunomarkers has recently been published on the internet (Tokuno et al., 2009) and we are in the process of defining nuclear homologies in this brain by comparison with the same markers in the rat. In this article, we present an example (mapping the amygdala in the marmoset) which demonstrates the application of this immunomarker panel in defining homologies. The technique is particularly valuable in situations where little data on hodology or electrophysiology are available.
An evaluation of the municipal solid waste management system within City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality, in Mamelodi East Township, Gauteng province South Africa

Municipal solid waste management systems (MSWMS) comprise of waste generation, segregation at the point of generation, collection, transportation and disposal at the landfill. The municipalities in South Africa were mandated by the constitution of the country to provide a number of basic services including solid waste management to their citizens. A rapid increase in municipal waste volumes is a problem in urban areas resulting in mushrooming illegal dumps. The aims of this study were to evaluate the municipal solid waste management system implemented by City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality in Mamelodi East, identify the challenges within the system and explain the practice of illegal dumping by residents of Mamelodi East. This was achieved through a descriptive cross sectional study which was conducted using qualitative data collection methods. The data was collected through interviews with key informants (two municipal officials and one waste removal contractor) and the waste removal process was observed and photographed. The illegal dumps were mapped and photographed and those of high public health concern were identified. A semi structured questionnaire was administered to the residents living closest to identified dump sites. The analysis revealed that the system implemented by City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality included regular door to door and communal collection of waste from the residents, transportation of collected waste to Hetherley landfill and disposal. About 21 illegal dumps were identified, mapped and photographed, and nine of them were considered to pose health risk to the residents, especially those living closest to them. It was discovered that these residents were not happy with the illegal dump next to their yards and recommend that the sites be used for beneficial purpose. Shortcomings included a lack of an updated waste management plan; lack of waste minimization strategy including the 3Rs (reduce, reuse and recycle); and lack of public awareness and involvement in waste management issues. No measures are implemented for prevention of illegal dumping and the only control measure was to clean the dump sites periodically. There is a lack of law enforcement and systems overload. The researcher concluded that the MSWMS implemented in the community of Mamelodi East was inadequate. It is recommended that the community should be involved at the planning phase and all mentioned shortcomings be addressed. The waste management legislation including policies and by-laws, need to be enforced.