Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conditional Cash Transfer Programs and Nutrition in Latin America: Assessment of Impacts and Strategies for Improvement

This paper examines the degree to which four CCT programs, Brazil's Bolsa Alimentaco, the Programa de Asignacion Familiar - Fase II (PRAF-II) in Honduras, Mexico's Programa de Educacion, Salud, y Alimentacion (PROGRESA), and Red de Proteccion Social (RPS) in Nicaragua, have improved preschool nutritional status. While PROGRESA in Mexico and RPS in Nicaragua are associated with improvements in child height that are sizeable in magnitude, PRAF in Honduras and BA in Brazil have essentially no effects on preschool nutritional status. Further, while improvements in iron status are observed in Mexico, these are not found in Honduras or Nicaragua, the other countries where this outcome was studied. We conclude with options for design modifications that could enhance CCT impacts on nutritional status in Latin America based on a review of best practices from the literature on nutrition interventions.
Fabrication and characterization of highly oriented N-doped ZnO nanorods by selective area epitaxy

High-quality nitrogen-doped ZnO nanorods have been selectively grown on patterned and bare ZnO templates by the combination of nanoimprint lithography and chemical vapor transport methods. The grown nanorods exhibited uniformity in size and orientation as well as controllable density and surface-to-volume ratio. The structural and optical properties of ZnO nanorods and the behaviour of N dopants have been investigated by means of the scanning electron microscope, photoluminescence (PL) spectra, and Raman scattering spectra. The additional vibration modes observed in Raman spectra of N-doped ZnO nanorods provided solid evidence of N incorporation in ZnO nanorods. The difference of excitonic emissions from ZnO nanorods with varied density and surface-to-volume ratio suggested the different spatial distribution of intrinsic defects. It was found that the defects giving rise to acceptor-bound exciton (A0X) emission were most likely to distribute in the sidewall surface with nonpolar characteristics, while the donor bound exciton (D0X) emission related defects distributed uniformly in the near top polar surface.
Advance Care Planning: A Story of Trust Within the Family

As the family usually plays a central role at the end of life, the quality of family relationships may influence how individuals approach advance care planning (ACP). Our study investigates the associations of trust in relatives with regard to end-of-life (EOL) issues—used as a proxy measure of family relationship quality—with individuals’ engagement in EOL discussions, advance directive (AD) awareness, approval and completion, and designation of a healthcare proxy. Using nationally representative data of adults aged 55 years and over from wave 6 (2015) of the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) in Switzerland (n = 1911), we show that complete trust in relatives is related to higher engagement in ACP. Subject to patient consent, the family should, therefore, be included in the ACP process, as such practice could enhance patient-centered EOL care and quality of life at the end of life.
The gold standard: not a golden standard

Studies that evaluate a new diagnostic test, procedure, or method should do so by comparing it with a time honoured alternative that is considered to be the current standard in the field. In this context the meaning of the word standard is “authoritative or recognised exemplar of quality or correctness. ” “Gold standard” is the popular term to describe this test; but “golden standard” is sometimes used as well. In fact, almost all medical publications in Dutch use the term “gouden standaard” which is a translation of “golden standard. ” Apparently, medical scientists have become confused about the true meaning of the term gold standard. Inspired by the Olympic Games, where the best athlete wins the gold medal, people who use …
Screening for Colorectal Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.

IMPORTANCE Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States. In 2016, an estimated 134,000 persons will be diagnosed with the disease, and about 49,000 will die from it. Colorectal cancer is most frequently diagnosed among adults aged 65 to 74 years; the median age at death from colorectal cancer is 68 years. OBJECTIVE To update the 2008 US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation on screening for colorectal cancer. EVIDENCE REVIEW The USPSTF reviewed the evidence on the effectiveness of screening with colonoscopy, flexible sigmoidoscopy, computed tomography colonography, the guaiac-based fecal occult blood test, the fecal immunochemical test, the multitargeted stool DNA test, and the methylated SEPT9 DNA test in reducing the incidence of and mortality from colorectal cancer or all-cause mortality; the harms of these screening tests; and the test performance characteristics of these tests for detecting adenomatous polyps, advanced adenomas based on size, or both, as well as colorectal cancer. The USPSTF also commissioned a comparative modeling study to provide information on optimal starting and stopping ages and screening intervals across the different available screening methods. FINDINGS The USPSTF concludes with high certainty that screening for colorectal cancer in average-risk, asymptomatic adults aged 50 to 75 years is of substantial net benefit. Multiple screening strategies are available to choose from, with different levels of evidence to support their effectiveness, as well as unique advantages and limitations, although there are no empirical data to demonstrate that any of the reviewed strategies provide a greater net benefit. Screening for colorectal cancer is a substantially underused preventive health strategy in the United States. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS The USPSTF recommends screening for colorectal cancer starting at age 50 years and continuing until age 75 years (A recommendation). The decision to screen for colorectal cancer in adults aged 76 to 85 years should be an individual one, taking into account the patient's overall health and prior screening history (C recommendation).
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Latent memory of unattended stimuli reactivated by practice : An fMRI study on the role of consciousness and attention in learning

Although we can only report about what is in the focus of our attention, much more than that is actually processed. And even when attended, stimuli may not always be reportable, for instance when they are masked. A stimulus can thus be unreportable for different reasons: the absence of attention or the absence of a conscious percept. But to what extent does the brain learn from exposure to these unreportable stimuli? In this fMRI experiment subjects were exposed to textured figure-ground stimuli, of which reportability was manipulated either by masking (which only interferes with consciousness) or with an inattention paradigm (which only interferes with attention). One day later learning was assessed neurally and behaviorally. Positive neural learning effects were found for stimuli presented in the inattention paradigm; for attended yet masked stimuli negative adaptation effects were found. Interestingly, these inattentional learning effects only became apparent in a second session after a behavioral detection task had been administered during which performance feedback was provided. This suggests that the memory trace that is formed during inattention is latent until reactivated by behavioral practice. However, no behavioral learning effects were found, therefore we cannot conclude that perceptual learning has taken place for these unattended stimuli. Citation: Meuwese JDI, Scholte HS, Lamme VAF (2014) Latent Memory of Unattended Stimuli Reactivated by Practice: An fMRI Study on the Role of Consciousness and Attention in Learning. PLoS ONE 9(3): e90098. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0090098 Editor: Lawrence M. Ward, University of British Columbia, Canada Received July 30, 2013; Accepted January 21, 2014; Published March 6, 2014 Copyright: 2014 Meuwese et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This work is supported by funding from the Advanced Investigator Grant from the European Research Council (ERC) to VAFL (grant number 230355). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: julia.meuwese@gmail.com
Neuronal avalanches in temporal lobe epilepsy as a diagnostic tool: a noninvasive investigation of intrinsic resting state dynamics

Background and Objectives: The epilepsy diagnosis still represents a complex process, with misdiagnosis reaching 40%. Here, we aimed at building an automatable workflow, to help the clinicians in the diagnostic process, differentiating between controls and a population of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). While primarily interested in correctly classifying the participants, we used data features providing hints on the underlying pathophysiological processes. Specifically, we hypothesized that neuronal avalanches (NA) may represent a feature that encapsulates the rich brain dynamics better than the classically used functional connectivity measures (Imaginary Coherence; ImCoh). Methods: We recorded 10 minutes of resting state activity with high-density scalp electroencephalography (hdEEG; 128 channels). We analyzed large-scale activation bursts (NA) from source activation, to capture altered dynamics. Then, we used machine-learning algorithms to classify epilepsy patients vs. controls, and we described the goodness of the classification as well as the effect of the durations of the data segments on the performance. Results: Using a support vector machine (SVM), we reached a classification accuracy of 0.87 (0.10 - SD) and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.94 (0.06 -SD). The use of avalanches-derived features, generated a mean increase of 16% in the accuracy of diagnosis prediction, compared to ImCoh. Investigating the main features informing the model, we observed that the dynamics of the entorhinal cortex, superior and inferior temporal gyri, cingulate cortex and prefrontal dorsolateral cortex were informing the model with NA. Finally, we studied the time-dependent accuracy in the classification. While the classification performance grows with the duration of the data length, there are specific lengths, at 30s and 180s at which the classification performance becomes steady, with intermediate lengths showing greater variability. Classification accuracy reached a plateau at 5 minutes of recording. Discussion: We showed that NA represents a better EEG feature for an automated epilepsy identification, being related with neuronal dynamics of pathology-relevant brain areas. Furthermore, the presence of specific durations and the performance plateau might be interpreted as the manifestation of the specific intrinsic neuronal timescales altered in epilepsy. The study represents a potentially automatable and noninvasive workflow aiding the clinicians in the diagnosis.
Feasibility of Using Tsunami Coda and Envelope for Forecasting Far-field Tsunami - Their Definitions and Application to 2006 Kuril Island Earthquake Tsunami -

As the first step toward forecasting the decay process of far-field tsunamis, we have introduced the concept of using "tsunami envelopes" and "tsunami codas" as measures in this paper. We applied these measures to the tsunami waveform data of the 2006 Kuril Island earthquake tsunami observed using tide gauges located in Japan. Analytical results indicate that the tsunami coda envelopes decayed exponentially with time and that the fluctuation in the nondimensional wave amplitude was interpreted by the Rayleigh distribution. Further, we found that these characteristics were commonly observed in the region facing the Pacific Ocean. Thus, the two measures can be used to reveal the characteristics of the tsunami decay process, and applying them to tsunami waveforms in realtime might realize appropriate cancelation of tsunami warnings.
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics

Received Jul 20, 2022 Revised Nov 16, 2022 Accepted Dec 2, 2022 Deep learning techniques had achieved notability in the healthcare domain and are more specialized in medical imaging. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) enduring nervous system disorder affects elderly senior people with loss of cognitive processes and loss of memory. Early and précised detection of AD is essential for patient medical assistance and potential treatment. Since deep learning algorithms are adequate to analyze the enormous dataset and extract higher-level features from it, unlike traditional machine learning algorithms. This work presents a system-based deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) algorithm to detect AD and its stages. A DCNN and 3D densely connected convolutional neural networks (3D-DCNN) are used to perform the feature analysis and classification task. Finally, the features learned from the DCNN and 3D-DCNN are concatenated to classify disease. Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative (ADNI) dataset is used for experimental analysis. The proposed AD-3DCNN model is compared to existing pretrained models like Xception, inception V3, mobile Net, and dense Net and has recorded a highest accuracy for predicting different stages of AD. Apart from accuracy, various performance measures are used for evaluating system performance as precision, recall, and F1 score accuracy.
Oceanic crust generated by elusive parents: Sr and Nd isotopes in basalt-peridotite pairs from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Given that oceanic basalts form by partial melting of mantle peridotites that rise below mid-ocean ridges, peridotite and basalt should have identical Sr and Nd isotope ratios. We tested this concept on parallel sets of peridotites and basalts sampled from an exposed section of lithosphere representing 20 m.y. of accretion at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The 143Nd/144Nd ratios of the basaltic glasses stay constant, whereas those of the peridotitic clinopyroxenes extend both higher and lower than the basalt ratios, suggesting that the constant isotopic composition of the basalts results from mixing of melts released by peridotites from a broad region of the subridge mantle. The degree of melting undergone by the peridotites correlates inversely with their 143Nd/144Nd ratios. Small-scale isotopic heterogeneity of the peridotites may result from variable premelting metasomatism in the mantle, mostly during periodic, dynamic, subridge upwelling, possibly superimposed upon time-integrated radioactive decay of ancient heterogeneities.
Extractive industries and local development in the Peruvian Highlands

Abstract During the last 20 years, the mining sector in Peru has been experiencing sustained growth. Using census, administrative, nationally and regionally representative data we compare districts in the Peruvian Highlands with a recent mining development with suitable counterfactuals. We find that the new mining activities attract migration inflows, and have some positive effects over educational indicators, and that these impacts, on average, are smaller in districts with lower levels of corporate social expenditure. However, the results of this study suggest that the local potential welfare impact of the mining boom is largely untapped and corporate social responsibility has had a limited role in improving this effect.
Theoretical and numerical aspects for nonlocal equations of porous medium type

In this thesis we consider three different models of nonlinear and nonlocal diffusion equations of porous medium type. The prototype is the classical Porous Medium Equation $$ \frac{\partial u}{\partial t} =\Delta u^m, $$ which models the flow of gasses through a porous media. The main topics of the thesis are the following: (1) Finite difference method for the Fractional Porous Medium Equation $u_t + (-\Delta)^s u^m=0$ with $m\geq1$ and $s\in(0,1)$. (2) Finite and infinite speed of propagation for the Porous Medium Equation with Fractional Pressure $u_t=\nabla\cdot(u^{m-1}\nabla (-\Delta)^{-s}u)$ with $m\geq1$ and $s\in (0,1)$. (3) Transformations of self-similar solutions for porous medium equations of fractional type. (4) Uniqueness and properties of distributional solutions of the more general nonlocal porous medium equation $\dell_t u -\mathcal{L}^\mu[\varphi(u)]=0$ \em where $\mathcal{L}^\mu$ is a very general nonlocal operator and the nonlinearity $\varphi$ is continuous and nondecreasing scalar function.
Rico Manto de Trapos - Nova Idade, Nova Fonte de Riqueza para o Retalho.

v Resumo vi Indice vii Indice dos Graficos xi Indice das Tabelas xiii 1. Introducao 1 1.1. Relevância e proposito do estudo 3 1.2. Metodologia utilizada 4 1.3. Estrutura da dissertacao 4 2. O segmento senior 5 2.1. Crescimento demografico da populacao idosa 5 2.2. Caracteristicas do segmento senior 11 2.2.1. O que e ser senior 11 2.2.2. A era dos novos seniores 12 2.3. A importância dos seniores como consumidores 14 2.3. 1. Comportamento de consumo dos seniores 15 2.4. Segmentacao dos consumidores seniores 17 2.4. 1. Fatores demograficos 17 2.4. 1.1. Idade cronologica 19 2.4. 1.2. Idade cognitiva 20 2.4. 2. Fatores comportamentais 21 2.4. 2.1. Beneficios procurados 22
A new Patagonian species of Cricosaurus (Crocodyliformes, Thalattosuchia): first evidence of Cricosaurus in Middle–Upper Tithonian lithographic limestone from Gondwana

Abstract: Upper Jurassic (Tithonian) deposits in north‐western Patagonia, Argentina, have yielded rich and taxonomically diverse assemblages of marine reptiles. These assemblages are also remarkable by their quality of preservation and are represented by ichthyosaurs, plesiosaurs, turtles and crocodyliforms. Despite the abundant crocodyliform record, only two metriorhynchid taxa have been identified: Cricosaurus araucanensis and Dakosaurus andiniensis. Here we described a new species of Cricosaurus, which represents the second species of Cricosaurus in the Tithonian of the Neuquén Basin, and the first metriorhynchid found in lithographic limestone from Gondwana. Furthermore, this specimen has the most complete postcranial remains of any metriorhynchid from South America. The new species is characterized by a short distance between the premaxilla and the nasal, a relatively narrow interorbital width, 23–25 mandibular teeth, bicarinated teeth with fine apicobasally aligned ridges, interalveolar spaces between the first seven teeth approximately 1.5 times longer than the anteroposterior diameter of the respective alveoli. To test the assignment of the new species to Cricosaurus, we carried out two phylogenetic analyses. In both analyses, Cricosaurus lithographicus sp. nov. is nested with other species referred to this genus. This new species has peculiar enamel ornamentation, characterized by numerous, fine apicobasally aligned ridges, when compared to other species of the genus.
PAN AMERICAN HEALTH ORGANIZATION WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION 33rd SESSION OF THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON PLANNING AND PROGRAMMING OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

At its 125st Session, the Executive Committee requested that the Subcommittee on Planning and Programming review the topic Cardiovascular Disease, with Emphasis on Hypertension. The present document describes the problem in the Region, outlining the opportunities for and barriers to the development of programs to reduce premature mortality from cardiovascular disease. In light of this situation, the Regional Program hereby submits its proposals and recommendations for discussion by the Subcommittee on Planning and Programming.
Sink or swim: submergence tolerance and survival strategies in Rorippa and Arabidopsis

Bij overstroming kunnen planten te maken krijgen met lage zuurstofconcentraties. Ze kunnen hun stengels of bladeren als snorkels gebruiken door deze naar het wateroppervlak te laten groeien. Op die manier kunnen gassen van boven het wateroppervlak naar de onderste delen van de plant worden getransporteerd. Ook kunnen sommige plantensoorten hun metabolisme verlagen wanneer ze onder water staan, zodat het energieverbruik tot een minimum wordt beperkt. Het zijn strategieen waarmee planten met overstromingsstress omgaan. Daarnaast is er nog een grote hoeveelheid natuurlijke variatie te onderzoeken die het resultaat is van de evolutionaire geschiedenis. Melis Akman bestudeert de natuurlijke variatie tussen en binnen soorten door zowel fysiologische, genetische als evolutionaire aspecten van overstromingstolerantie te onderzoeken. Ze keek onder meer naar de extreme overstromingstolerantie van twee soorten waterkers. Wanneer de Gele waterkers onder water komt te staan verlengt de plant zijn stengels en gebruikt deze als snorkel. Als echter de snorkel het wateroppervlak niet op tijd bereikt, sterft de plant door een gebrek aan energie veroorzaakt door die groei. Aan de andere kant kan de ‘mediterende’ soort Moeraskers voor langere tijd onder water overleven, omdat deze gedurende een overstroming geen energie gebruikt voor groei. Ze bestudeerde ook de potentiele regulatoren van de twee overlevingsstrategieen. Akman keek bovendien naar de Zandraket, haar onderzoeksresultaten stelde haar in staat om kandidaatgenen te selecteren die de overstromingstolerantie van deze soort vergroten.
Nowhere to Hide: Detecting Live Video Forgery via Vision-WiFi Silhouette Correspondence

For safety guard and crime prevention, video surveillance systems have been pervasively deployed in many security-critical scenarios, such as the residence, retail stores, and banks. However, these systems could be infiltrated by the adversary and the video streams would be modified or replaced, i.e., under the video forgery attack. The prevalence of Internet of Things (IoT) devices and the emergence of Deepfake-like techniques severely emphasize the vulnerability of video surveillance systems under such attacks. To secure existing surveillance systems, in this paper we propose a vision-WiFi cross-modal video forgery detection system, namely WiSil. Leveraging a theoretical model based on the principle of signal propagation, WiSil constructs wave front information of the object in the monitoring area from WiFi signals. With a well-designed deep learning network, WiSil further recovers silhouettes from the wave front information. Based on a Siamese network-based semantic feature extractor, WiSil can eventually determine whether a frame is manipulated by comparing the semantic feature vectors extracted from the video’s silhouette with those extracted from the WiFi’s silhouette. Extensive experiments show that WiSil can achieve 95% accuracy in detecting tampered frames. Moreover, WiSil is robust against environment and person changes.
Crosswell seismic imaging using transmitted and reflected data

Summary Traditional migration methods use the incident and reflected wavefields to locate reflected surfaces. For Crosswell data, transmitted and reflected wavefields are both recorded. Transmitted data can be used to image subsurface structure with proper imaging condition and strategy. This abstract showed the reverse time migration (RTM) imaging method of crosswell transmitted and reflected wavefields. We gave an imaging condition of crosswell transmitted and reflected data. If migration velocity models are not very accurate, this imaging method gives more precise imaging results than traditional one. Moreover, this method can image parts of multiples. To justify our method, synthetic model and real field data tests were given.