Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults and Metabolic Syndrome—A Mini Review

Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is a heterogeneous subtype of diabetes characterized by islet cell destruction mediated by islet autoimmunity and insulin resistance. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a state in which many risk factors for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases accumulate in an individual. Based on clinical data, this review covers the prevalence of MetS in LADA, focusing on the risk associated with and the role of insulin resistance in the development of LADA from the perspective of inflammatory factors, environmental factors, and the gut microbiota, aiming to improve our understanding of this condition.
Advancements in Activating Transcription Factor 5 Function in Regulating Cell Stress and Survival

Activating transcription factor 5 (ATF5) belongs to the activating transcription factor/cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein family of basic region leucine zipper transcription factors. ATF5 plays an important role in cell stress regulation and is involved in cell differentiation and survival, as well as centrosome maintenance and development. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that ATF5 plays an oncogenic role in cancer by regulating gene expressions involved in tumorigenesis and tumor survival. Recent studies have indicated that ATF5 may also modify the gene expressions involved in other diseases. This review explores in detail the regulation of ATF5 expression and signaling pathways and elucidates the role of ATF5 in cancer biology. Furthermore, an overview of putative therapeutic strategies that can be used for restoring aberrant ATF5 activity in different cancer types is provided.
Gene Therapy in Orthopaedics: Progress and Challenges in Pre-Clinical Development and Translation

In orthopaedics, gene-based treatment approaches are being investigated for an array of common -yet medically challenging- pathologic conditions of the skeletal connective tissues and structures (bone, cartilage, ligament, tendon, joints, intervertebral discs etc.). As the skeletal system protects the vital organs and provides weight-bearing structural support, the various tissues are principally composed of dense extracellular matrix (ECM), often with minimal cellularity and vasculature. Due to their functional roles, composition, and distribution throughout the body the skeletal tissues are prone to traumatic injury, and/or structural failure from chronic inflammation and matrix degradation. Due to a mixture of environment and endogenous factors repair processes are often slow and fail to restore the native quality of the ECM and its function. In other cases, large-scale lesions from severe trauma or tumor surgery, exceed the body’s healing and regenerative capacity. Although a wide range of exogenous gene products (proteins and RNAs) have the potential to enhance tissue repair/regeneration and inhibit degenerative disease their clinical use is hindered by the absence of practical methods for safe, effective delivery. Cumulatively, a large body of evidence demonstrates the capacity to transfer coding sequences for biologic agents to cells in the skeletal tissues to achieve prolonged delivery at functional levels to augment local repair or inhibit pathologic processes. With an eye toward clinical translation, we discuss the research progress in the primary injury and disease targets in orthopaedic gene therapy. Technical considerations important to the exploration and pre-clinical development are presented, with an emphasis on vector technologies and delivery strategies whose capacity to generate and sustain functional transgene expression in vivo is well-established.
Can We Convert Genotype Sequences Into Images for Cases/Controls Classification?

Converting genotype sequences into images offers advantages, such as genotype data visualization, classification, and comparison of genotype sequences. This study converted genotype sequences into images, applied two-dimensional convolutional neural networks for case/control classification, and compared the results with the one-dimensional convolutional neural network. Surprisingly, the average accuracy of multiple runs of 2DCNN was 0.86, and that of 1DCNN was 0.89, yielding a difference of 0.03, which suggests that even the 2DCNN algorithm works on genotype sequences. Moreover, the results generated by the 2DCNN exhibited less variation than those generated by the 1DCNN, thereby offering greater stability. The purpose of this study is to draw the research community’s attention to explore encoding schemes for genotype data and machine learning algorithms that can be used on genotype data by changing the representation of the genotype data for case/control classification.
Embodying Metaverse as artificial life: At the intersection of media and 4E cognition theories

In the last decades of the 20th century we have seen media theories and cognitive sciences grow, mature and reach their pinnacles by analysing, each from their own disciplinary perspective, two of the same core phenomena: that of media as the environment, transmitter and creator of stimuli, and that of embodied human mind as the stimuli receiver, interpreter, experiencer, and also how both are affected by each other. Even though treating a range of very similar problems and coming to similar conclusions, this still has not brought these two disciplines closer together or resulted in their interdisciplinary approach. They did coalesce in regards to traditional media such as film, but more points of connection are needed for untangling interactive and immersive media environments and their effects on human cognition, action, and perception. With the rise of VR and VR-like systems, especially as they start to evolve into the Metaverse as their main platform of interconnectivity, the tissue of the body becomes almost physically intertwined with that of the virtual surrounding it inhabits through immersion. Simultaneously, the interest in these disciplines arises anew, and especially the need to use their concepts in an interdisciplinary way. This paper? s main interest is to bring these disciplines together in problematising the position of a physical body and its sensory-motor capabilities and their development within synthetic surroundings as Metaverse and anticipate potential downsides of Metaverse? s uncontrolled growth. We will do so also by looking into Metaverse as an artificial-life-like phenomenon, following artificial-life rules and evolving a completely new ? corporeality? , a body which is completely adapted to virtual spaces. We call this body the Dry Body, an entity sharing cognitive resources with the physical body it is not a physical part of, but has to extend to.
Cellular Senescence and Regulated Cell Death of Tubular Epithelial Cells in Diabetic Kidney Disease

Cellular senescence is frequently evident at etiologic sites of chronic diseases and involves essentially irreversible arrest of cell proliferation, increased protein production, resistance to apoptosis, and altered metabolic activity. Regulated cell death plays a vital role in shaping fully functional organs during the developmental process, coordinating adaptive or non-adaptive responses, and coping with long-term harmful intracellular or extracellular homeostasis disturbances. In recent years, the concept of ‘diabetic tubulopathy’ has emerged. tubular epithelial cells are particularly susceptible to the derangements of diabetic state because of the virtue of the high energy requirements and reliance on aerobic metabolism render. Hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, persistent chronic inflammation, glucose toxicity, advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) accumulation, lipid metabolism disorders, and lipotoxicity contribute to the cellular senescence and different patterns of regulated cell death (apoptosis, autophagic cell death, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis) in tubular epithelial cells. We now explore the ‘tubulocentric’ view of diabetic kidney disease(DKD). And we summarize recent discoveries regarding the development and regulatory mechanisms of cellular senescence, apoptosis, autophagic cell death, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of DKD. These findings provide new perspectives on the mechanisms of DKD and are useful for designing novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of DKD.
The structure and acquisition of English dative constructions

We present evidence that children acquire English datives, verb-particle constructions, put-locatives, and causative/perceptual constructions all as a group. Our findings favor a parametric model of acquisition in which the acquired knowledge is not construction-specific; and they favor analyses in which all the constructions belong to a single syntactic class. On the basis of our results, we argue that acquisition of the entire class depends on the acquisition of two parametric properties. One property allows the grammar to generate double object datives, causative/perceptual constructions, put-locatives, and V-NP-Particle constructions. V-Particle-NP constructions and to-datives depend on the combination of the first property with a second property
Prevention of Surgical Site Infections in Neonates and Children: Non-Pharmacological Measures of Prevention

A surgical site infection (SSI) is an infection that occurs in the incision created by an invasive surgical procedure. Although most infections are treatable with antibiotics, SSIs remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality after surgery and have a significant economic impact on health systems. Preventive measures are essential to decrease the incidence of SSIs and antibiotic abuse, but data in the literature regarding risk factors for SSIs in the pediatric age group are scarce, and current guidelines for the prevention of the risk of developing SSIs are mainly focused on the adult population. This document describes the current knowledge on risk factors for SSIs in neonates and children undergoing surgery and has the purpose of providing guidance to health care professionals for the prevention of SSIs in this population. Our aim is to consider the possible non-pharmacological measures that can be adopted to prevent SSIs. To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide recommendations based on a careful review of the available scientific evidence for the non-pharmacological prevention of SSIs in neonates and children. The specific scenarios developed are intended to guide the healthcare professional in practice to ensure standardized management of the neonatal and pediatric patients, decrease the incidence of SSIs and reduce antibiotic abuse.
The information behaviours of disadvantaged young first-time mothers

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore the information behaviours of socioeconomically disadvantaged young first-time mothers, an understudied and at-risk group (health and well-being). Design/methodology/approachQuestionnaire and semi-structured interviews with 39 young mothers (aged up to 25 years of age) from UK areas of multiple deprivations.FindingsOur participants' preferred sources of information are interpersonal sources with which they have formed close supportive relationships. Support groups are important sources of interpersonal connection, but young mothers are reluctant to attend groups involving older mothers. With the exception of support group staff and health visitors, institutional and professional information sources are used very little. Societal stigma is a significant issue influencing behaviours, but issues of institutional bureaucracy, information overload, conflicting information and practical access are also reported. A further key factor influencing behaviour is self-identity.Research limitations/implicationsFindings should not be considered representative of young mothers as a whole as not all young mothers are disadvantaged. As our participants identified as ethnically white, findings also cannot speak to the additional barriers experienced by women of colour. Further studies with further population groups are recommended. More broadly, further studies exploring the influence of self-identity on people's information behaviours are also recommended.Practical implicationsFindings provide practical direction for health and welfare services, and public libraries, to better support young mothers.Originality/valueFindings contribute to conceptual and practical understanding of information poverty in the socio-ecological context. Findings also evidence the role of self-identity in shaping people's information behaviours.
Transcriptome Analysis of Intracellular Amastigotes of Clinical Leishmania infantum Lines from Therapeutic Failure Patients after Infection of Human Macrophages

Leishmaniasis is considered to be one of the most neglected tropical diseases affecting humans and animals around the world. Due to the absence of an effective vaccine, current treatment is based on chemotherapy. However, the continuous appearance of drug resistance and therapeutic failure (TF) lead to an early obsolescence of treatments. Identification of the factors that contribute to TF and drug resistance in leishmaniasis will constitute a useful tool for establishing future strategies to control this disease. In this manuscript, we evaluated the transcriptomic changes in the intracellular amastigotes of the Leishmania infantum parasites isolated from patients with leishmaniasis and TF at 96 h post-infection of THP-1 cells. The adaptation of the parasites to their new environment leads to expression alterations in the genes involved mainly in the transport through cell membranes, energy and redox metabolism, and detoxification. Specifically, the gene that codes for the prostaglandin f2α synthase seems to be relevant in the pathogenicity and TF since it appears substantially upregulated in all the L. infantum lines. Overall, our results show that at the late infection timepoint, the transcriptome of the parasites undergoes significant changes that probably improve the survival of the Leishmania lines in the host cells, contributing to the TF phenotype as well as drug therapy evasion.
A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON WOUND DRESSING USAGE IN CLINICAL SETTINGS

Wound repair is a complex phenomenon of dermal and epidermal tissue regeneration, consisting of several phases including haemostasis, inflammation, migration, proliferation, and remodelling. The wound management procedures have evolved from ancient times that used honey, plant fibres, and animal fats to biopolymers. With the emergence of modern wound dressings, the wound healing process has been accelerated with extraordinary properties of dressing material. The dressings material contacts with the wound and provides optimal conditions, for example, moist environment, absorption of excessive exudates, and permeability to gaseous exchange, etc., for healing. The main purpose of dressing is to stop the bleeding, prevention of exsanguination, protection from infection, and renewal of function. With the myriad of dressing types available in the clinical settings such as hydrogels, hydrocolloids, alginates, and anti-microbial-impregnated dressing, etc., the understanding behind the usage of a particular dressing for a specific wound type remains conjectural. In this comprehensive review, we first discussed the wound repair process in brief followed by wound dressing, characteristics of ideal wound dressing, and its categorization. This review aims to provide a state-of-the-art overview of different aspects of wound dressing type contributing to the effective treatment of particular skin wounds.
Cochlear Implantation Outcomes in Patients with Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder of Genetic and Non-Genetic Etiologies: A Multicenter Study

With diverse etiologies and clinical features, the management of pediatric auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) is often challenging, and the outcomes of cochlear implants (CIs) are variable. This study aimed to investigate CI outcomes in pediatric patients with ANSD of different etiologies. Thirty-six children with ANSD who underwent cochlear implantation between 2001 and 2021 were included. Comprehensive etiological analyses were conducted, including a history review, next-generation sequencing-based genetic examinations, and imaging studies using high-resolution computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Serial behavioral and speech audiometry were performed before and after surgery, and the outcomes with CI were evaluated using the Categories of Auditory Performance (CAP) and Speech Intelligibility Rating (SIR) scores. By etiology, 18, 1, 1, and 10 patients had OTOF-related, WFS1-related, OPA1-related, and cochlear nerve deficiency (CND)-related ANSD, respectively. Six patients had no definite etiology. The average CI-aided behavioral threshold was 28.3 ± 7.8 dBHL, and those with CND-related ANSD were significantly worse than OTOF-related ANSD. The patients’ median CAP and SIR scores were 6 and 4, respectively. Favorable CI outcomes were observed in patients with certain etiologies of ANSD, particularly those with OTOF (CAP/SIR scores 5–7/2–5), WFS1 (CAP/SIR score 6/5), and OPA1 variants (CAP/SIR score 7/5). Patients with CND had suboptimal CI outcomes (CAP/SIR scores 2–6/1–3). Identifying the etiologies in ANSD patients is crucial before surgery and can aid in predicting prognoses.
Procedural Cities as Active Simulators for Planning

Modelling a 3D city poses an interesting challenge. To create a virtual city, a road pattern has to be designed and a large number of buildings need to be generated. Every urban place has a road network, often a superimposed pattern plan that serves a population density and buildings which follow statutory rules. This patterned behaviour of the city is why it is possible to develop rules or “computational instructions,” to generate city models. In this article, we are going to discuss how to use procedural modelling and CityEngine, a rule-based application commonly used in the movie industry and gaming to produce vast realistic cityscapes, for regional and urban planning via an urban analytics approach. Unlike cinema’s imaginary worlds, cities have real-life population dependencies that need to be modelled for the development of planning scenarios. The goal is then to use the generative properties of the procedural modelling approach, along with population prediction models, to create informed 3D city scenarios. Instead of designing solutions, the user can use interactive parameters to affect the 3D model globally, thus enabling virtual cities to become active simulators for planning. Using urban analytics and generative environments, procedural cities may be able to create a “teaser” of different versions of how the city would look like in the future.
GENERALIZED MINIMUM ABERRATION AND DESIGN EFFICIENCY FOR NONREGULAR FRACTIONAL FACTORIAL DESIGNS

Tang and Deng (1999) proposed a generalized minimum aberration cri- terion (GMA) as a natural extension of the minimum aberration criterion (MA) from regular to nonregular designs. While MA was defined for regular designs only, GMA applies to both regular and nonregular designs. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between GMA and some model-dependent efficiency criteria, and show that GMA is supported by these criteria. An extensive evaluation of designs with 20 runs and 5 factors shows that the GMA criterion can be used to classify and rank-order these designs. Empirical studies also demonstrate that the GMA ranking is consistent with those obtained by using other model-dependent efficiency criteria.
RISK FACTORS FOR THE ANEMIA IN PREGNANT WOMEN: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Background: Anemia in pregnancy is still a global public health problem and is the largest contributor to morbidity and mortality. Some studies report that risk factors for anemia vary from place to place, so more in-person observations are needed regarding anemia risk factors. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the risk factors of anemia in pregnant women. Methods of using literature review studies. Design: This study design is a literature review to search and review article from database and the theory which is descriptive. Data Sources: Search for scientific articles using the Mendeley application by entering the keyword "Risk Factors, Anemia, Pregnancy" with Published year 2018-2021, English and Indonesian, full text, National journal has ISSN and open access. Review Methods: The literature review method using narrative review based on inclusion criteria, namely articles discussing anemia in pregnant women, published in 20158-202, International and National Publications, having ISSN National Journals, Articles using English, original articles, full text and open access. While the Exception Criteria for Articles other than English, type of research literature review and RCT, articles are then collected and a journal summary is made containing the name of the researcher, the year the journal was published, the title of the study, the method and a summary of the results or findings. The summary of research journals is entered into a table according to the format, and 10 articles are eligible. Results: From the 10 selected articles, it can be concluded that the risk factors for anemia, especially in developing countries, are multifactorial, including micro-iron deficiency, folate, and vitamins A and B12 as well as anemia due to parasitic infections such as malaria and hookworms or chronic infections such as TB, HIV, parasites. intestines, infection of working mothers (farmers), contaminated drinking water sources, consumption of coffee/tea and diet. Meanwhile, other factors in Indonesia are unfavorable geographical location, level of education, lack of public awareness of health, socio-economic situation, parity (number of children), and chronic energy shortages (KEK). Conclusion: Anemia is still a global health problem and still has to be addressed, especially in developing countries. Therefore, efforts are needed to better understand the main causes of anemia, including iron deficiency as well as other nutritional deficiencies, diseases, and Hb disorders related to anemia so that appropriate action can be given. Biochemical measurement of micronutrients (especially iron and Vitamin A), inflammatory signs in addition to hematological index when assessing anemia clinically are also urgently needed.
Mixed Biopolymer Systems Based on Bovine and Caprine Caseins, Yeast β-Glucan, and Maltodextrin for Microencapsulating Lutein Dispersed in Emulsified Lipid Carriers

Lutein is an important antioxidant that quenches free radicals. The stability of lutein and hence compatibility for food fortification is a big challenge to the food industry. Encapsulation can be designed to protect lutein from the adverse environment (air, heat, light, pH). In this study, we determined the impact of mixed biopolymer systems based on bovine and caprine caseins, yeast β-glucan, and maltodextrin as wall systems for microencapsulating lutein dispersed in emulsified lipid carriers by spray drying. The performance of these wall systems at oil/water interfaces is a key factor affecting the encapsulation of lutein. The highest encapsulation efficiency (97.7%) was achieved from the lutein microcapsules prepared with the mixed biopolymer system of caprine αs1-II casein, yeast β-glucan, and maltodextrin. Casein type and storage time affected the stability of lutein. The stability of lutein was the highest (64.57%) in lutein microcapsules prepared with the mixed biopolymer system of caprine αs1-II casein, yeast β-glucan, and maltodextrin, whereas lutein microcapsules prepared with the biopolymer system of bovine casein, yeast β-glucan, and maltodextrin had the lowest (56.01%). The stability of lutein in the lutein microcapsules dramatically decreased during storage time. The antioxidant activity of lutein in the lutein microcapsules was closely associated with the lutein concentration.