Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Value of Preoperative Phase-Contrast MRI in Predicting the Clinical Outcome of Moyamoya Disease after Encephalo-Duro-Arterial Synangiosis Surgery

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In patients with Moyamoya disease, the relationship between preoperative hemodynamic status and prognosis after encephalo-duro-arterial synangiosis (EDAS) surgery was unclear. We aimed to explore the value of the preoperative hemodynamic status acquired by cine phase-contrast MR imaging in predicting collateral formation and clinical outcomes after EDAS surgery in patients with Moyamoya disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Participants with Moyamoya disease were prospectively recruited and underwent preoperative phase-contrast MR imaging. All participants were classified into good and poor groups according to the collateral formation after EDAS surgery. On the basis of the change in the mRS system, participants were classified into the improved mRS group and the poor response group. Hemodynamic status including mean velocity, peak velocity, and blood volume flow of the superficial temporal artery was compared between groups. Logistic regression was performed to relate the phase-contrast MR imaging parameters to collateral formation and clinical outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 45 patients with Moyamoya disease with unilateral EDAS surgery were finally included. Mean velocity, peak velocity, and blood volume flow of the ipsilateral superficial temporal artery were significantly greater in patients with good collateral formation compared with those with poor collateral formation (P = .011, .004, and .013, respectively). The mean velocity, peak velocity, and blood volume flow were independently associated with postoperative collateral formation after adjusting for confounding factors. Furthermore, the peak velocity of the ipsilateral superficial temporal artery was also significantly associated with improvement of the mRS score. CONCLUSIONS: Good hemodynamic status of the ipsilateral superficial temporal artery as a donor artery evaluated by phase-contrast MR imaging was significantly associated with better collateral formation and improved mRS after EDAS surgery in patients with Moyamoya disease.
Human papillomavirus‐related neoplasia of the ocular adnexa

Summary Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are involved in approximately 5% of solid cancers worldwide. The mucosotropic genotypes infect the stratified epithelium of various locations, where persistent infection may lead to invasive carcinomas. While the causative role of HPV in certain anogenital and head and neck carcinomas is well established, the role of HPV in carcinomas arising in the mucosal membranes of the ocular adnexal tissue (the lacrimal drainage system and the conjunctiva) has been a topic of great uncertainty. Therefore, we conducted a series of studies to assess the correlation between HPV and carcinomas arising in the mucosa of the ocular adnexal tissue and characterize the clinical, histopathological, and genomic features of the tumors in the context of HPV status in a Danish nationwide cohort. We collected clinical and histopathological data and tumor specimens from patients with carcinomas of the conjunctiva and the lacrimal drainage system, and their potential precursors, identified in Danish nationwide registries. The HPV status of the tumors was determined by the combined use of HPV DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR), HPV E6/E7 mRNA in‐situ hybridization, and p16 immunohistochemistry. The genomic profile was investigated by high‐throughput DNA sequencing targeting 523 cancer‐relevant genes. The literature to date on carcinomas of the lacrimal drainage system and the conjunctiva was summarized. In the Danish cohort, 67% of all carcinomas of the lacrimal drainage system and 21% of all conjunctival carcinomas were HPV‐positive. HPV16 was the most frequently implicated genotype. A full‐thickness expression of the viral oncogenes E6 and E7 was evident in almost all HPV DNA‐positive cases. The HPV‐positive carcinomas of the conjunctiva and the lacrimal drainage system shared histopathological and genomic features distinct from their HPV‐negative counterparts. The HPV‐positive carcinomas were characterized by a non‐keratinizing morphology, p16 overexpression, high transcriptional activity of HPV E6/E7, and frequent pathogenic variants in the PI3K‐AKT signaling cascade. In contrast, the HPV‐negative carcinomas were characterized by a keratinizing morphology, lack of p16 and E6/E7 expression, and frequent somatic pathogenic variants in TP53, CDKN2A, and RB1. Among the patients with conjunctival tumors, HPV positivity was associated with a younger age at diagnosis and a higher risk of recurrence. In conclusion, the results support an etiological role of HPV in a subset of conjunctival and LDS carcinomas and their precursor lesions. Our investigations have shown that the HPV‐positive carcinomas of the ocular adnexa share genomic and phenotypic characteristics with HPV‐positive carcinomas of other anatomical locations. Therefore, these patients may be eligible for inclusion in future basket trials and future treatment regimens tailored to the more frequently occurring HPV‐positive carcinomas of other locations. Future research will further elucidate the diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive role of HPV in these carcinomas.
Complication Rates in Different Gastrectomy Techniques of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery for Gastric Cancer: A Meta-analysis.

The purpose of this study was to analyse the postoperative complications of different gastrectomy methods, and provides guidance for the development of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols. We searched EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, PubMed, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for articles published from database inception to January 30, 2020. Statistical analysis was performed using R version 3.6. 3 with single-rate meta-analysis. A total of 22 studies with 2127 patients were included. The types of postoperative complications showed that the pooled rate of nausea and vomiting was 10.22% (95% CI 4.56 to 17.48) and the pancreatic fistula was 3.58% (2.12 to 5.35) often occurred in patients who underwent laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG). After open gastrectomy (OG), postoperative urinary retention was 3.88% (0.00 to 13.17) and pancreatic fistula was 3.81% (1.78 to 6.42). The main complications of laparoscopic-assisted total gastrectomy and laparoscopic-assisted subtotal gastrectomy were pneumonia and pancreatic fistula, the rate was 3.19% (0.94 to 0.637) and 3.06% (0.11 to 8.36), respectively. In order to reduce the incidence of complications, ERAS should be revised from the aspects of rehabilitation, intraoperative application of new technology, shortening the operation time, early detection of high-risk groups, and implementation of audit. Key Words: Enhanced recovery after surgery, Gastric cancer, Postoperative complications.
Prevalence and factors associated with unmet need for family planning among women of reproductive age (15–49) in the Democratic Republic of Congo: A multilevel mixed-effects analysis

The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has experienced high levels of unmet need for family planning (UNFP) for many years, alongside high fertility, maternal and infant mortality rates. Previous research addressed the UNFP in DRC, but analyses were limited to the individual-level and to specific regions. This study aims to determine the individual- and community-level factors associated with UNFP among married women of reproductive age in DRC. Using data from the 2014 DRC Demographic and Health Survey, a two-level mixed-effect logistic model examined i) the associations between UNFP and individual- and community level factors, and ii) the extent to which individual variability in UNFP is due to the variability observed at the community-level, given the individual characteristics. A total of 10,415 women in 539 clusters were included. Prevalence of unmet need for limiting was 8.13%, and 23.81% for spacing. Compared to adolescents (15–24), young (25–34) (aOR = 0.75, CI: 0.63–0.90) and middle-aged (35–49) (aOR = 0.65, CI: 0.51–0.82) women were less likely to have unmet need for family planning. The odds of having unmet need increased significantly with number of living children [1–2 children (aOR = 2.46, CI: 1.81–3.35), 7+ children (aOR = 6.46, CI: 4.28–9.73)] and among women in a female-headed household (aOR = 1.22, CI: 1.04–1.42). Women from provinces Equateur (aOR = 1.82, CI: 1.24–2.68), Nord-Kivu (aOR = 1.66, CI: 1.10–2.55) and Orientale (aOR = 1.60, CI: 1.10–2.32) were more likely to have unmet need, compared to women from Kinshasa. Women from communities with medium (aOR = 1.32, CI: 1.01–1.72) and high (aOR = 1.46, CI: 0.98–2.18) proportion of women in wealthy households, and medium (aOR = 1.32, CI: 1.01–1.72) and high (aOR = 1.46, CI: 0.98–2.18) proportion of women with low ideal family size (≤6) were more likely to have unmet need, compared to those from communities with low proportion of wealthy households and high ideal family size, respectively. Policies should consider strengthening family planning programs in provinces Equateur, Orientale, and Nord-Kivu, and in wealthier communities and communities with a higher ideal family size. Family planning programs should target adolescents and young women.
Patterns of Risky Health Behaviors and Associations With Chronic Diseases Among Young Adult Nursing Students: A Latent Class Analysis

ABSTRACT Background Little is known about how health behaviors cluster to form meaningful patterns that influence health outcomes in young adult nursing students. Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify the unique health behavior patterns among young adult nursing students in China and examine the associations between health behaviors and chronic diseases. Methods Using an electronic app, the achievements of an exercise target, sedentary behavior, smoking and drinking, and dietary patterns were assessed in 1,480 nursing student participants aged 18–24 years from two medical universities in Eastern China. Results A four-class model was developed using latent class analysis that included the “failure to achieve exercise target, alcohol-drinking, and insufficient fruit and vegetable group” (Group 1, n = 187, 12.6%), the “alcohol-drinking and sedentary behavior group” (Group 2, n = 290, 19.6%), the “sedentary behavior only group” (Group 3, n = 721, 48.7%), and the “failure to achieve exercise target only group” (Group 4, n = 282, 19.1%). Logistic regressions indicated that nursing students in Group 2 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.42), Group 3 (OR = 0.51), and Group 4 (OR = 0.30) were less likely to have chronic diseases than those in Group 1 after adjusting for sociodemographic variables. Conclusions The health behaviors were clustered in different patterns among young adult nursing students. Tailoring interventions to specific groups is suggested to improve health outcomes.
Spatial proteomics of vesicular trafficking: coupling mass spectrometry and imaging approaches in membrane biology

Summary In plants, membrane compartmentalization requires vesicle trafficking for communication among distinct organelles. Membrane proteins involved in vesicle trafficking are highly dynamic and can respond rapidly to changes in the environment and to cellular signals. Capturing their localization and dynamics is thus essential for understanding the mechanisms underlying vesicular trafficking pathways. Quantitative mass spectrometry and imaging approaches allow a system‐wide dissection of the vesicular proteome, the characterization of ligand‐receptor pairs and the determination of secretory, endocytic, recycling and vacuolar trafficking pathways. In this review, we highlight major proteomics and imaging methods employed to determine the location, distribution and abundance of proteins within given trafficking routes. We focus in particular on methodologies for the elucidation of vesicle protein dynamics and interactions and their connections to downstream signalling outputs. Finally, we assess their biological applications in exploring different cellular and subcellular processes.
Cosmic Feedback from AGN

Abstract Accretion onto the massive black hole at the centre of a galaxy can feed energy and momentum into its surroundings via radiation, winds, and jets. Feedback due to radiation pressure can lock the mass of the black hole onto the MBH–σ relation, and shape the final stellar bulge of the galaxy. Feedback due to the kinetic power of jets can prevent massive galaxies greatly increasing their stellar mass by heating gas, which would otherwise cool radiatively. The mechanisms involved in cosmic feedback are discussed and illustrated with observations.
Separation, identification, and design of α-glucosidase inhibitory peptides based on the molecular mechanism from Paeonia ostii 'Feng Dan' seed protein.

Peptides are considered promising sources of nutraceuticals. In this study, a mixture of peptides was prepared from Paeonia ostii 'Feng Dan' seed meal protein by continuous enzymolysis. Successive separation and purification procedures, including ultrafiltration and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), were performed, and six novel peptides were identified by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization source-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). In an in vitro antidiabetic activity test, Tyr-Phe-Phe-Met exhibited stronger α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (48.17 ± 3.34% at 1 mg/mL) than the other peptides. Docking studies of this peptide into the active site of α-glucosidase showed that the formation of hydrogen bonds could be critical for the enzymatic trapping of inhibitory peptides. Furthermore, two novel peptides, Phe-Phe-Phe-Met (IC50 = 245.46 ± 44.01 µM) and Tyr-Tyr-Phe-Met (IC50 = 306.71 ± 48.17 µM), with improved α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, were designed based on molecular docking. Therefore, the seed meal of Paeonia ostii could be considered a functional food ingredient for the management of hyperglycemia, and three novel peptides were identified as α-glucosidase inhibitors.
Glycans are not necessary to maintain the pathobiological features of bovine spongiform encephalopathy

The role of the glycosylation status of PrPC in the conversion to its pathological counterpart and on cross-species transmission of prion strains has been widely discussed. Here, we assessed the effect on strain characteristics of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) isolates with different transmission histories upon propagation on a model expressing a non-glycosylated human PrPC. Bovine, ovine and porcine-passaged BSE, and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) isolates were used as seeds/inocula in both in vitro and in vivo propagation assays using the non-glycosylated human PrPC-expressing mouse model (TgNN6h). After protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA), all isolates maintained the biochemical characteristics of BSE. On bioassay, all PMCA-propagated BSE prions were readily transmitted to TgNN6h mice, in agreement with our previous in vitro results. TgNN6h mice reproduced the characteristic neuropathological and biochemical hallmarks of BSE, suggesting that the absence of glycans did not alter the pathobiological features of BSE prions. Moreover, back-passage of TgNN6h-adapted BSE prions to BoTg110 mice recovered the full BSE phenotype, confirming that the glycosylation of human PrPC is not essential for the preservation of the human transmission barrier for BSE prions or for the maintenance of BSE strain properties.
3D bioprinted extracellular vesicles for tissue engineering—a perspective

Harnessing three-dimensional (3D) bioprinted extracellular vesicles (EVs) holds great promise for advancing the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. EVs are naturally occurring biological nanoparticles that are emerging as powerful ‘cell-free’ nanotherapeutics characterized by a cargo of protein, lipids, or genetic material that can be delivered to recipient cells. Conventional 3D bioprinting utilizes bioinks, a mixture of biomaterial and live cells, to fabricate 3D constructs for tissue regeneration purposes. The utilization of EVs instead of living cells for bioprinting may achieve targeted EV delivery, thus addressing a key challenge of EVs application in tissue engineering, as well as overcoming the regulatory and cost-effectiveness issues of using live cells. Given that 3D bioprinted EVs combine the regenerative capabilities of both bioprinting and EVs, this perspective explores the existing literature reporting their applications in tissue engineering, which target angiogenesis, osteogenesis, chondrogenesis, myogenesis, and carcinoprevention. Technical challenges and future trends for 3D bioprinted EVs in biofabrication and tissue engineering are examined. Ultimately, a personalized bioprinted EVs concept and a workflow for future bioprinted EVs studies focussed on clinical translation are proposed.
Illuminating hot Jupiters in caustic crossing

In recent years a large number of hot Jupiters orbiting in a very close orbit around the parent stars have been explored with the transit and Doppler effect methods. Here in this paper we study the gravitational microlensing effect of a binary lens on a parent star with a hot Jupiter revolving around it. Caustic crossing of the planet makes enhancements on the light curve of the parent star in which the signature of the planet can be detected by high-precision photometric observations. We use the inverse ray shooting method with tree code algorithm to generate the combined light curve of the parent star and the planet. In order to investigate the probability of observing the planet signal, we do a Monte Carlo simulation and obtain the observational optical depth of τ ∼ 10 −8 . We show that about 10 yr of observations of Galactic bulge with a network of telescopes will enable us detecting about 10 hot Jupiters with this method. Finally we show that the observation of the microlensing event in the infrared band will increase the probability for detection of the exoplanets.
Association Between Preexisting Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction and Fluid Administration Among Patients With Sepsis

Key Points Question What is the association between preexisting heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and appropriate fluid resuscitation among patients with sepsis? Findings In this cohort study of 5278 patients with community-onset sepsis, 884 (17%) had preexisting HFrEF, which was associated with a lower risk-adjusted odds of receiving 30 mL/kg of intravenous fluids within 6 hours of sepsis onset. However, there was no association between HFrEF and in-hospital mortality. Meaning The results of this study suggest that preexisting HFrEF is common among patients with septic shock and is associated with reduced odds of receiving guideline-recommended intravenous fluids.
Near-infrared Nrf2 activator IR-61 dye alleviates radiation-induced lung injury

Abstract Oxidative stress injury and subsequent inflammatory response are considered to play critical roles in radiation-induced lung injury (RILI). Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor that regulates oxidative stress response and represses inflammation, but its therapeutic value in RILI remains elusive. Our previous studies have shown that the near-infrared (NIR) IR-61 dye evokes intracellular antioxidant defense by enhancing Nrf2 signaling and promoting anti-inflammatory effects. We established a model of RILI in mice exposed to whole-thoracic irradiation. The results showed that IR-61 treatment notably improved pulmonary functions by decreasing lung density and diminishing airway resistance. In addition, IR-61 significantly ameliorated radiation-induced inflammatory cell infiltration and proinflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) release, thereby mitigating inflammatory response. Furthermore, IR-61 mitigated radiation-induced lung fibrosis by decreasing the collagen deposition and the levels of fibrogenesis-related factors (collagen I, collagen III, α-SMA, and fibronectin). More importantly, IR-61 was found to accumulate in the mitochondria of macrophages in irradiated lung tissues. Therefore, the functions of IR-61 in macrophages were further studied in irradiated macrophage cell lines, MH-s and RAW 264.7 in vitro. The results indicated that IR-61 upregulated the expression of Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and decreased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) in macrophages after radiation. In summary, our study suggests that IR-61 effectively mitigates RILI by activating Nrf2 signaling in irradiated lung tissues. In particular, Nrf2-mediated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in irradiated lung tissue macrophages play critical roles in protecting against RILI.
Reproducibility of sequential ambulatory blood pressure and pulse wave velocity measurements in normotensive and hypertensive individuals

Objective: Errors in blood pressure (BP) measurement account for a large proportion of misclassified hypertension diagnoses. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is often considered to be the gold standard for measurement of BP, but uncertainty remains regarding the degree of measurement error. The aim of this study was to determine reproducibility of sequential ABPM in a population of normotensive and well controlled hypertensive individuals. Methods: Individual participant data from three randomized controlled trials, which had recorded ABPM and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) at least twice were combined (n = 501). We calculated within-individual variability of daytime and night-time BP and compared the variability between normotensive (n = 324) and hypertensive (n = 177) individuals. As a secondary analysis, variability of PWV measurements was also calculated, and multivariable linear regression was used to assess characteristics associated with blood pressure variability (BPV). Results: Within-individual coefficient of variation (CoV) for systolic BP was 5.4% (day) and 7.0% (night). Equivalent values for diastolic BP were 6.1% and 8.4%, respectively. No statistically significant difference in CoV was demonstrated between measurements for normotensive and hypertensive individuals. Within-individual CoV for PWV exceeded that of BP measurements (10.7%). BPV was associated with mean pressures, and BMI for night-time measurements. PWV was not independently associated with BPV. Conclusion: The variability of single ABPM measurements will still yield considerable uncertainty regarding true average pressures, potentially resulting in misclassification of hypertensive status and incorrect treatment regimes. Repeated ABPM may be necessary to refine antihypertensive therapy.
Experimental uncertainty and drag measurements in the national transonic facility

This report documents the results of a study which was conducted in order to establish a framework for the quantitative description of the uncertainty in measurements conducted in the National Transonic Facility (NTF). The importance of uncertainty analysis in both experiment planning and reporting results has grown significantly in the past few years. Various methodologies have been proposed and the engineering community appears to be 'converging' on certain accepted practices. The practical application of these methods to the complex wind tunnel testing environment at the NASA Langley Research Center was based upon terminology and methods established in the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) standards. The report overviews this methodology.