Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The shell model approach to the rotating turbulence

Applications of the shell model of turbulence to the case of rapidly rotating bodies are considered. Starting from the classical GOY model we introduce the Coriolis force and obtain a ∼ k − 2 spectrum for 3D hydrodynamical turbulence for the free decay regime as well for the regime with external forcing. Additional modiﬁcations of the GOY model providing a realistic form of the helicity are proposed.
Parton Energy Loss Limits and Shadowing in Drell-Yan Dimuon Production

A precise measurement of the ratios of the Drell-Yan cross section per nucleon for an 800 GeV/{ital c} proton beam incident on Be, Fe, and W targets is reported. The behavior of the Drell-Yan ratios at small target-parton momentum fraction is well described by an existing fit to the shadowing observed in deep-inelastic scattering. The cross-section ratios as a function of the incident-parton momentum fraction set tight limits on the energy loss of quarks passing through a cold nucleus. {copyright} {ital 1999} {ital The American Physical Society}
The study of lattice defects by channelling

The channelling of ions in crystals is described and its application to the study of a variety of lattice defects is outlined. Ions which are channelled along different crystallographic axes and planes interact with displaced atoms in distinctive ways, enabling the atomistic nature of lattice defects to be determined. Three main areas of study are considered. (a) The trapping of vacancies and self-interstitials by solute atoms and the identification of the resulting trapping configurations. (b) The displacement of host atoms from lattice sites (e.g. ion-induced amorphisation of semiconductors). (c) The relaxation and reconstruction of surfaces.
Chitosan-placental ECM composite thermos-responsive hydrogel as a biomimetic wound dressing with angiogenic property.

Attempts are being made to develop an ideal wound dressing with excellent biomechanical and biological properties. Here, a thermos-responsive hydrogel is fabricated using chitosan (CTS) with various concentrations (1%, 2.5%, and 5% w/v) of solubilized placental extracellular matrix (ECM) and 20% β-glycerophosphate to optimize a smart wound dressing hydrogel with improved biological behavior. The thermo-responsive CTS (TCTS) alone or loaded with ECMs (ECM-TCTS) demonstrate uniform morphology using SEM. TCTS and ECM1%-TCTS and ECM2.5%-TCTS show a gelation time of 5 min at 37°C, while no gel formation was observed at 4°C and 25°C. ECM5%-TCTS formed gel at both 25°C and 37°C. The degradation and swelling ratios increase as the ECM content of the hydrogel increase. All the constructs show excellent biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo, however, the hydrogels with a higher concentration of ECM demonstrate better cell adhesion for fibroblast cells and induce expression of angiogenic factors (VEGF and VEGFR) from HUVEC. Only the ECM5%-TCTS has antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606. The data obtained from the current study suggest the ECM2.5%-TCTS as an optimized smart biomimetic wound dressing with improved angiogenic properties now promises to proceed with pre-clinical and clinical investigations. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Droplets and the configurational entropy crisis for random first-order transitions

We consider the effect of droplet excitations in the random first-order transition theory of glasses on the configurational entropy. The contribution of these excitations is estimated both at and above the ideal glass transition temperature. The temperature range where such excitations could conceivably modify or round-out an underlying glass transition temperature is estimated, and found to depend strongly on the surface tension between locally metastable phases in the supercooled liquid. For real structural glasses this temperature range is found to be very narrow, consistent with the quantitative success of the theory. For certain finite-range spin-glass models, however, the surface tension is estimated to be significantly lower leading to much stronger entropy renormalizations, thus providing an explanation for the lack of a strict thermodynamic glass transition in simulations of these models.
MGCAMB with massive neutrinos and dynamical dark energy

We present a major upgrade of MGCAMB, a patch for the Einstein-Boltzmann solver CAMB used for phenomenological tests of general relativity against cosmological datasets. This new version is compatible with the latest CosmoMC code and includes a consistent implementation of massive neutrinos and dynamical dark energy. The code has been restructured to make it easier to modify to fit the custom needs of specific users. To illustrate the capabilities of the code, we present joint constraints on the modified growth, massive neutrinos and the dark energy equation of state from the latest cosmological observations, including the recent galaxy counts and weak lensing measurements from the Dark Energy Survey, and find a good consistency with the ΛCDM model.
225Ac-MACROPATATE: A Novel α-Particle Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy for Neuroendocrine Tumors

Visual Abstract Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) express somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) 2 and 5. Modified variants of somatostatin, the cognate ligand for SSTR2 and SSTR5, are used in treatment for metastatic and locoregional disease. Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with 177Lu-DOTATATE (DOTA-octreotate), a β-particle–emitting somatostatin derivative, has demonstrated survival benefit in patients with SSTR-positive NETs. Despite excellent results, a subset of patients has tumors that are resistant to treatment, and alternative agents are needed. Targeted α-particle therapy has been shown to kill tumors that are resistant to targeted β-particle therapy, suggesting that targeted α-particle therapy may offer a promising treatment option for patients with 177Lu-DOTATATE–resistant disease. Although DOTATATE can chelate the clinically relevant α-particle–emitting radionuclide 225Ac, the labeling reaction requires high temperatures, and the resulting radioconjugate has suboptimal stability. Methods: We designed and synthesized MACROPATATE (MACROPA-octreotate), a novel radioconjugate capable of chelating 225Ac at room temperature, and assessed its in vitro and in vivo performance. Results: MACROPATATE demonstrated comparable affinity to DOTATATE (dissociation constant, 21 nM) in U2-OS-SSTR2, a SSTR2-positive transfected cell line. 225Ac-MACROPATATE demonstrated superior serum stability at 37°C over time compared with 225Ac-DOTATATE. Biodistribution studies demonstrated higher tumor uptake of 225Ac-MACROPATATE than of 225Ac-DOTATATE in mice engrafted with subcutaneous H69 NETs. Therapy studies showed that 225Ac-MACROPATATE exhibits significant antitumor and survival benefit compared with saline control in mice engrafted with SSTR-positive tumors. However, the increased accumulation of 225Ac-MACROPATATE in liver and kidneys and subsequent toxicity to these organs decreased its therapeutic index compared with 225Ac-DOTATATE. Conclusion: 225Ac-MACROPATATE and 225Ac-DOTATATE exhibit favorable therapeutic efficacy in animal models. Because of elevated liver and kidney accumulation and lower administered activity for dose-limiting toxicity of 225Ac-MACROPATATE, 225Ac-DOTATATE was deemed the superior agent for targeted α-particle peptide receptor radionuclide therapy.
The role of hepatic microenvironment in hepatic fibrosis development

Abstract Aim Fibrosis is a common pathological feature of most types of chronic liver injuries. There is no specific treatment for liver fibrosis at present. The liver microenvironment, which fosters the survival and activity of liver cells, plays an important role in maintaining the normal structure and physiological function of the liver. The aim of this review is to deeply understand the role of the liver microenvironment in the dynamic and complicated development of liver fibrosis. Methods After searching in Elsevier ScienceDirect, PubMed and Web of Science databases using ‘liver fibrosis’ and ‘microenvironment’ as keywords, studies related to microenvironment in liver fibrosis was compiled and examined. Results The homeostasis of the liver microenvironment is disrupted during the development of liver fibrosis, affecting liver cell function, causing various types of cell reactions, and changing the cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, eventually affecting fibrosis formation. Conclusion Liver microenvironment may be important for identifying potential therapeutic targets, and restoring microenvironment homeostasis may be an important strategy for promoting the reversal of liver fibrosis. KEY MESSAGES The homeostasis of the liver microenvironment is disrupted in liver fibrosis; A pro-fibrotic microenvironment is formed during the development of liver fibrosis; Restoring microenvironment homeostasis may be an important strategy for promoting the reversal of liver fibrosis.
V4332 Sagittarii revisited

The eruption of V4332 Sgr discovered in February 1994 shows striking similarities to that of V838 Mon started in January 2002. The nature of these eruptions is, however, enigmatic and unclear. We present new photometric and spectroscopic data on V4332 Sgr obtained in April-May 2003 at the SAAO. The obtained spectrum shows an unusual emission-line compo- nent superimposed on an early M-type stellar spectrum. The emission-line spectrum is of very low excitation and is dominated by lines from neutral elemets (NaI, FeI, CaI) and molecular bands (TiO, ScO, AlO). We also analyse all the observational data, mainly photometric measurements, available for V4332 Sgr. This allows us to follow the evolution of the effective temperature, radius and luminosity of the object since February 1994 till 2003. We show that the observed decline of V4332 Sgr can be accounted for by a gravitational contraction of an inflated s tellar envelope. The combined optical and infrared photometry in 2003 shows that apart from the M-type stellar component there is a strong infrared excess in the KLM bands. This excess was absent in the 2MASS measurements done in 1998 but was probably starting to appear in K in 1999 when the object was observed in the DENIS survey. We interpret the results in terms of a stellar merger scenario proposed by Soker & Tylenda. The infrared excess is likely to be due to a disc-like structure w hich is either of protostellar nature or has been produced during the 1994 eruption and stores angular momentum from the merger event.
Increased Resting-State Positron Emission Tomography Activity After Cochlear Implantation in Adult Deafened Cats

Objectives. Cochlear implants are widely used for hearing rehabilitation in patients with profound sensorineural hearing loss. However, Cochlear implants have variable results, and central neural plasticity is considered to be a reason for this variability. We hypothesized that resting-state cortical networks play a role in conditions of profound hearing loss and are affected by cochlear implants. To investigate the resting-state neuronal networks after cochlear implantation, we acquired 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) images in experimental animals. Methods. Eight adult domestic cats were enrolled in this study. The hearing threshold of the animals was within the normal range, as measured by auditory evoked potential. They were divided into control (n=4) and hearing loss (n=4) groups. Hearing loss was induced by co-administration of ethacrynic acid and kanamycin. FDG-PET was performed in a normal hearing state and 4 and 11 months after the deafening procedure. Cochlear implantation was performed in the right ear, and electrical cochlear stimulation was performed for 7 months (from 4 to 11 months after the deafening procedure). PET images were compared between the two groups at the three time points. Results. Four months after hearing loss, the auditory cortical area’s activity decreased, and activity in the associated visual area increased. After 7 months of cochlear stimulation, the superior marginal gyrus and cingulate gyrus, which are components of the default mode network, showed hypermetabolism. The inferior colliculi showed hypometabolism. Conclusion. Resting-state cortical activity in the default mode network components was elevated after cochlear stimulation. This suggests that the animals’ awareness level was elevated after hearing restoration by the cochlear implantation.
Impact of estetrol (E4) on hemostasis, metabolism and bone turnover in postmenopausal women

Abstract Objective This study aimed to determine the effects of estetrol (E4) on hemostasis, lipids, carbohydrate metabolism and bone turnover in postmenopausal women. Methods This study was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled phase 2 trial. Participants (n = 180, age 43–64 years) received E4 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg and 15 mg or placebo once daily for 12 weeks. Changes from baseline at week 12 were evaluated versus placebo for hemostasis parameters, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), lipids, carbohydrate metabolism and bone markers. Results Changes for hemostasis parameters were minimal with a small increase only in the normalized activated protein C sensitivity ratio in the E4 15 mg group versus placebo. SHBG increased in the E4 5 mg, 10 mg and 15 mg groups versus placebo. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased in all E4 groups; changes were not consistent for other lipids. Significant decreases versus placebo were seen for insulin resistance (E4 10 mg group), hemoglobin A1c (E4 15 mg group) and type 1 collagen C-terminal telopeptide (E4 10 mg and 15 mg groups). Small decreases in osteocalcin in the E4 5 mg, 10 mg and 15 mg groups were significant versus the increase observed in placebo. Conclusion E4 had limited impact on hemostasis and potentially beneficial effects on lipids, carbohydrate metabolism and bone turnover.
Structured Information in Metric Neural Networks

EPS, Universidad Aut´onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain(Dated: July 29, 2005)The retrieval abilities of spatially uniform attractor networks can be measured by the averageoverlap between patterns and neural states. We found that metric networks, with local connections,however, can carry information structured in blocks without any global overlap. There is a compe-tition between global and blocks attractors. We propose a way to measure the block information,related to the ﬂuctuation of the overlap. The phase-diagram with the transition from local to globalinformation, shows that the stability of blocks grows with dilution, but decreases with the storagerate and disappears for random topologies.
Review of antiretroviral therapy coverage in 10 highest burden HIV countries in Africa: 2015–2020

Africa is responsible for two‐thirds of the global total of new HIV infections. South Africa, Nigeria, Mozambique, Uganda, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Kenya, Malawi, and Ethiopia were responsible for 80% of HIV cases in Africa in 2014 according to the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). This study assesses antiretroviral coverage strategies implemented by these countries after the initiation of the “Fast‐Track strategy to end the AIDS epidemic by 2030. ” Data reported in this review were obtained from different e‐bibliographic including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Research Gate. Key terms were “Antiretroviral therapy,” “Antiretroviral treatment,” “HIV treatment,” “HIV medication,” “HIV/AIDS therapy,” “HIV/AIDS treatment” + each of the countries listed earlier. We also extracted data on antiretroviral therapy (ART) coverage from the UNAIDS database. About 50 papers published from 2015 to 2021 met the inclusion criteria. All 10 countries have experienced an increase in ART coverage from 2015 to 2020 with an average of 47.6% increment. Nigeria recorded the highest increase in the rate of ART coverage (72% increase) while Ethiopia had the least (30%). New strategies adopted to increase ART coverage and retention in most countries were community‐based models and the use of mobile health technology rather than clinic‐based. These strategies focus on promoting task shifting, door‐to‐door access to HIV services, and a long‐term supply of antiretroviral medications. Most of these strategies are still in the piloting stage. However, some new strategies and frameworks have been adopted nationwide in countries like Mozambique, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Kenya, and Malawi. Identified challenges include lack of funding, inadequate testing and surveillance services, poor digital penetration, and cultural/religious beliefs. The adoption of community‐based and digital health strategies could have contributed to increased ART coverage and retention. African countries should facilitate nationwide scaling of ART coverage strategies to attain the 95–95–95 goal by 2030.
Cytokine profiling in patients with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy before and after intravitreal injection of ranibizumab.

OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the cytokines profiling in the aqueous humor of patients with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) before and after intravitreal ranibizumab injection (IVR). METHODS 14 patients clinically diagnosed with PCV and 15 cataract patients of similar age and gender (control group) were included. Throughout the cataract surgery and IVR, aqueous humor samples were collected from the PCV and control groups. RESULTS The levels of macrophage inflammatory protein 1β (MIP-1β) and normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) in PCV patients were significantly lower than control subjects (P=0.045 and P=0.004, respectively). The concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) was significantly higher than the control group (P=0.003). The level of MIP-1β was greatly increased in PCV patients compared to prior to IVR (P=0.001). After IVR, the level of VEGF-A in PCV patients were considerably lower compared to before IVR (P=0.001). There was no link between the expression of several cytokines (MCP-1, MIP-1, Eotaxin, G-CSF, IL-8, IL-6, IL-5, IP-10 and IFN-γ) in the aqueous humor of PCV patients before and after intravitreal ranibizumab injection (IVR). The association between IL-5 expression and central macular thickness (CMT) was discovered before IVR (P=0.02), however, the correlation between several cytokines (MCP-1, MIP-1, Eotaxin, G-CSF, IL-8, IL-6, IL-5, IP-10 and IFN-γ) was discovered in PCV patients after IVR. CONCLUSION Based on our findings, we discovered that the production of neovascularization in PCV patients is driven by both angiogenic and inflammatory factors, with a correlation seen between several cytokines.
Very Early Multicolor Observations of the Plateau Phase of the GRB 041006 Afterglow

We present observations of the optical afterglow of GRB 041006 with the Kiso Observatory 1.05 m Schmidt telescope, the Lulin Observatory 1.0 m telescope, and the Xinglong Observatory 0.6 m telescope. Three bands (B, V, and R) of photometric data points were obtained on 2004 October 6, 0.025-0.329 days after the burst. These very early multiband light curves imply the existence of a color-dependent plateau phase. The B-band light curve shows a clear plateau at around 0.03 days after the burst. The R-band light curve shows the hint of a plateau, or a possible slope change, at around 0.1 days after the burst. The overall behavior of these multiband light curves may be interpreted in terms of the sum of two separate components, one showing a monotonic decay, the other exhibiting a rising and a falling phase, as described by the standard afterglow model.
Automatic Generation of Abstracts for Research Papers

Summarizing has always been an important utility for reading long documents. Research papers are unique in this regard, as they have a compulsory summary in the form of the abstract in the beginning of the document which gives the gist of the entire study often within a set upper limit for the word count. Writing the abstract to be sufficiently succinct while being descriptive enough is a hard task even for native English speakers. This study is the first step in generating abstracts for research papers in the computational linguistics domain automatically using the domain-specific abstractive summarization power of the GPT-Neo model.
A Dimensional Valence-Arousal-Irony Dataset for Chinese Sentence and Context

Chinese multi-dimensional sentiment detection is a challenging task with a considerable impact on semantic understanding. Past irony datasets are utilized to annotate sentiment type of whole sentences of irony. It does not provide the corresponding intensity of valence and arousal on the sentences and context. However, an ironic statement is defined as a statement whose apparent meaning is the opposite of its actual meaning. This means that in order to understand the actual meaning of a sentence, contextual information is needed. Therefore, the dimensional sentiment intensities of ironic sentences and context are important issues in the natural language processing field. This paper creates the extended NTU irony corpus, which includes valence, arousal and irony intensities on sentence-level; and valence and arousal intensities on context-level, called Chinese Dimensional Valence-Arousal-Irony (CDVAI) dataset. Therefore, this paper analyzes the annotation difference between the human annotators and uses a deep learning model such as BERT to evaluate the prediction performances on CDVAI corpus.
Using Grammatical and Semantic Correction Model to Improve Chinese-to-Taiwanese Machine Translation Fluency

Currently, there are three major issues to tackle in Chinese-to-Taiwanese machine translation: multi-pronunciation Taiwanese words, unknown words, and Chinese-to-Taiwanese grammatical and semantic transformation. Recent studies have mostly focused on the issues of multi-pronunciation Taiwanese words and unknown words, while very few research papers focus on grammatical and semantic transformation. However, there exist grammatical rules exclusive to Taiwanese that, if not translated properly, would cause the result to feel unnatural to native speakers and potentially twist the original meaning of the sentence, even with the right words and pronunciations. Therefore, this study collects and organizes a few common Taiwanese sentence structures and grammar rules, then creates a grammar and semantic correction model for Chinese-to-Taiwanese machine translation, which would detect and correct grammatical and semantic discrepancies between the two languages, thus improving translation fluency.