Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Healthy Hearts Project: Development and evaluation of a website for cardiovascular risk assessment and visualisation and self-management through healthy lifestyle goal-setting

Materially deprived communities in the UK have excess morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD) but are less likely to engage with formal care pathways. Community engagement and e-health may be more effective ways to promote risk-reducing lifestyle change. The “Healthy Hearts Project” website was designed for use by community health workers (CHWs) for cardiovascular risk assessment and lifestyle goal setting, or for independent use by community members. This paper describes the website’s development and evaluation. The website was developed using interactive wire frame prototypes in a user-led approach. Qualitative evaluation of the completed website’s usability and acceptability was conducted using the “Thinking Aloud” method in a purposive sample of 10 participants (one voluntary sector employee, three CHWs, two community members and four healthcare professionals). Thinking Aloud interview transcripts were thematically analysed using an inductive approach. A separate quantitative evaluation of usability and the effect of using the website on CVD knowledge and beliefs was conducted. A random sample of 134 participants, recruited using the online platform Prolific, completed the “Attitudes and Beliefs About Cardiovascular Disease” (ABCD) questionnaire before and after using the website, along with the System Usability Scale (SUS). Qualitative evaluation—Four key themes were identified: 1) Website functionality and design—participants generally found the website easy to use and understood the risk communication graphics and the feedback and goal-setting features,; 2) Inclusivity and representation—most participants considered the website inclusive of a range of users/cultures; 3) Language and comprehension–participants found the language used easy to understand but suggested reducing the amount of text; 4) Motivation and barriers to change–participants liked the personalized feedback and empowerment offered by goal-setting but commented on the need for self-motivation. Quantitative evaluation–The mean score across all domains of the ABCD questionnaire (from 2.99 to 3.11, p<0.001) and in the sub-domains relating to attitudes and beliefs around healthy eating and exercise increased after using the website. The mean(sd) score on the SUS was 77.5 (13.5). The website’s usability was generally rated well by both quantitative and qualitative measures, and measures of CVD knowledge improved after use. A number of general recommendations for the design of eHealth behaviour change tools are made based on participants’ suggestions to improve the website.
Advanced muscle imaging in adolescent elite rowers utilizing diffusion tensor imaging: Association of imaging findings with stroke typology

Purpose Muscular overuse injuries are a common health issue in elite athletes. Changes in the muscular microenvironment can be depicted by Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI). We hypothesize that the biomechanics of different stroke typologies plays a role in muscle injury and tested our hypothesis by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination of the lumbar spine muscles of adolescent rowers utilizing DTI. Methods and materials Twenty-two male elite rowers (12 sweep, 10 scull rowers) with a mean age of 15.8 ± 1.2 years underwent 3-Tesla MRI of the lumbar spine 6 hours after cessation of training. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) were calculated for the erector spinae and multifidus muscle. Student’s t-test was used to test differences of DTI parameters between sweep and scull rowers and a Pearson correlation was utilized to correlate the parameters to training volume. Results ADC values in the erector spinae and multifidus muscle were significantly higher (p = 0.039) and FA values significantly lower (p < 0.001) in sweep rowers compared to scull rowers. There was no significant association between DTI parameters and training volume (r ≤ -0.459, p ≥ 0.074). Conclusions Our DTI results show that lumbar spine muscle diffusivity is higher in sweep rowers than in scull rowers. Altered muscle diffusivity is suggestive of microscopic tissue disruption and might be attributable to biomechanical differences between stroke typologies.
The Akato Tagh bend along the Altyn Tagh fault, northwest Tibet. 2: Active deformation and the importance of transpression and strain hardening within the Altyn Tagh system

We investigated active deformation within the Akato Tagh restraining double bend to determine the age of the active Altyn Tagh fault relative to the Altyn Tagh system and thereby evaluate the extent to which this system evolved by net strain-hardening or softening. Active structures were mapped based on their geomorphology and disruption of Quaternary(? ) deposits/surfaces. The style of active faulting is strongly correlated with fault strike: 065°-070° striking segments show pure left-slip whereas faults with more northward or eastward strikes are transtensional or transpressional, respectively. Our mapping further suggests that the 065° to 070°-striking western and eastern segments of the Akato Tagh bend are characterized by pure strike-slip motion, with partitioned transpression along the ∼090°-striking central segment of the double bend. It remains unclear how this active, bend-perpendicular shortening is absorbed. In conjunction with previous work, the present study fails to support the commonly held idea that Tarim-Tibet motion is strongly oblique to the Altyn Tagh system. Estimates for the age of the Akato Tagh bend derived in a companion study suggest the bend is only a few million years old. The current principal trace is probably similarly young because formation of the bend by recent deformation of an old trace should result in transpression along the western and eastern segments, contrary to the pure left-slip shown here. The Altyn Tagh system comprises multiple fault strands in a zone ∼100 km wide across strike. Because the main trace appears to be much younger than the system in which it is embedded, we speculate that this system evolved by the sequential formation and death of short-lived fault strands. In particular, we suggest that geometrically complex strike-slip fault systems such as the Altyn Tagh may form via system strain hardening, where this net response reflects a dynamic competition between hardening and softening processes that are active simultaneously within the fault zone. Hardening mechanisms may include growth of restraining bend topography or material hardening of phyllosilicate-rich gouge, whereas softening processes might include R-P shear linkage or reduction in bend angle by vertical axis rotation. Our analysis suggests that net strain hardening of a fault system can produce continental deformation that is spatially localized over the 1-5 m.y. during which an individual strand is active, but distributed over the 10-100 m.y. corresponding to the life-span of the whole fault system and the collision zone in which it is contained. Thus, time scale is critically important in determining whether or not continental deformation is spatially distributed or localized.
Vaccination against the HDL receptor of S. japonicum inhibits egg embryonation and prevents fatal hepatic complication in rabbit model

Background Schistosomiasis is one of the most important neglected tropical infectious diseases to overcome and the primary cause of its pathogenesis is ectopic maturation of the parasite eggs. Uptake of cholesteryl ester from the host high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is a key in this process in Schistosoma japonicum and CD36-related protein (CD36RP) has been identified as the receptor for this reaction. Antibody against the extracellular domain of CD36RP (Ex160) efficiently blocked the HDL cholesteryl ester uptake and the egg embryonation in vitro. However, whether Ex160 immunization could efficiently raise proper antibody responses to sufficiently block HDL cholesteryl ester uptake and the egg embryonation to protect host in vivo is very interesting but unknown. Methodology/Principal findings In this study, rabbits were immunized with the recombinant Ex160 peptide (rEx160) to evaluate its anti-pathogenic vaccine potential. Immunization with rEx160 induced consistent anti-Ex160 IgG antibody and significant reduction in development of the liver granulomatosis lesions associated with suppressed intrahepatic maturation of the schistosome eggs. The immunization with rEx160 rescued reduction of serum HDL by the infection without changing its size distribution, being consistent with interference of the HDL lipid uptake by the parasites or their eggs by antibody against Ex160 in in vitro culture. Conclusions/Significance The results demonstrated that vaccination strategy against nutritional supply pathway of the parasite is effective for reducing its pathogenesis.
A low-dose biplanar X-ray imager has RSA level precision in total knee arthroplasty

Background and purpose The low radiation biplanar X-ray imager (EOS imaging, Paris, France) scans patients in a weight-bearing position, provides calibrated images, and limits radiation, an asset for serial radiostereometric analysis (RSA) studies. RSA in vivo precision values have not been published for this type of imaging system, thus the goal of this study was to assess the precision of RSA in vivo utilizing a low radiation biplanar imager. Patients and methods At a mean of 5 years post-surgery (range 1.4–7.5 years), 15 total knee arthroplasty (TKA) participants (mean age 67 years at the time of imaging, 12 female, 3 male) with RSA markers implanted during index surgery were scanned twice at the same visit in the EOS imager. Precision of marker-based analysis was calculated by comparing the position of the implant relative to the underlying bone between the 2 examinations. Results The 95% limit of precision was 0.11, 0.04, and 0.15 mm along the x, y, and z axes, respectively and 0.15°, 0.20°, and 0.14° around the same axes. Conclusion This precision study has shown an in vivo RSA precision of ≤ 0.15 mm and ≤ 0.20°, well within published uniplanar values for conventional arthroplasty RSA, with the added benefit of weight-bearing imaging, a lower radiation dose, and without the need for a reference object during the scan.
Erastin induces ferroptosis in cervical cancer cells via Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway

Objective Our research aims to assess the influence of erastin, a ferroptosis-inducing agent, on cervical cancer cells. Introduction Cervical cancer is a prevalent malignancy in females. Dysregulation of ferroptosis, a form of cell demise reliant on iron, is implicated in several cancers. Methods The effect of erastin on HeLa and SiHa was detected by transwell assay, scratch test, and colony formation assay, while cell apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry. Cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was detected using the dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate assay. Sequencing analysis identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Enrichment analyses were employed to identify the target gene. Subsequently, the utilization of small interfering RNA (siRNA) was employed to suppress the targeted gene expression in HeLa cells, thereby effectively mitigating the impact of erastin on various cellular processes including invasion, colony formation, migration, and ROS generation. Results The findings indicate that erastin attenuates the viability of both HeLa cells (IC50 = 30.88 µM) and SiHa cells (IC50 = 29.40 µM). Treatment with erastin at 10 µM inhibits the invasion, colony formation, and migration of both HeLa and SiHa cells within 24 h. Ferrostatin-1 (1 µM) notably alleviates the inhibitory effects of erastin of HeLa and SiHa cells. Upregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its downstream target, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), was found in erastin-treated cells compared to the control group. When knocked down HO-1 in HeLa cells, effectively counteracting the effects of erastin on the invasion, colony formation, migration, and ROS production in HeLa cells. Conclusion Our research demonstrates that erastin induces ferroptosis and the accumulation of ROS in cervical cancer cells by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, significantly reducing cell proliferation and motility. These findings propose a potential molecular mechanism of erastin-mediated cervical cancer development.
A prospective cohort study linking migration, climate, and malaria risk in the Peruvian Amazon

Abstract Migration is an important risk factor for malaria transmission for malaria transmission, creating networks that connect Plasmodium between communities. This study aims to understand the timing of why people in the Peruvian Amazon migrated and how characteristics of these migrants are associated with malaria risk. A cohort of 2,202 participants was followed for three years (July 2006 - October 2009), with thrice-weekly active surveillance to record infection and recent travel, which included travel destination(s) and duration away. Migration occurred more frequently in the dry season, but the 7-day rolling mean (7DRM) streamflow was positively correlated with migration events (OR 1.25 (95% CI: 1.138, 1.368)). High-frequency and low-frequency migrant populations reported 9.7 (IRR 7.59 (95% CI:.381, 13.160)) and 4.1 (IRR 2.89 (95% CI: 1.636, 5.099)) times more P. vivax cases than those considered non-migrants and 30.7 (IRR 32.42 (95% CI: 7.977, 131.765)) and 7.4 (IRR 7.44 (95% CI: 1.783, 31.066)) times more P. falciparum cases, respectively. High-frequency migrants employed in manual labour within their community were at 2.45 (95% CI: 1.113, 5.416) times higher risk than non-employed low-frequency migrants. This study confirms the importance of migration for malaria risk as well as factors increasing risk among the migratory community, including, sex, occupation, and educational status.
ProteinMAE: masked autoencoder for protein surface self-supervised learning

Abstract Summary The biological functions of proteins are determined by the chemical and geometric properties of their surfaces. Recently, with the booming progress of deep learning, a series of learning-based surface descriptors have been proposed and achieved inspirational performance in many tasks such as protein design, protein–protein interaction prediction, etc. However, they are still limited by the problem of label scarcity, since the labels are typically obtained through wet experiments. Inspired by the great success of self-supervised learning in natural language processing and computer vision, we introduce ProteinMAE, a self-supervised framework specifically designed for protein surface representation to mitigate label scarcity. Specifically, we propose an efficient network and utilize a large number of accessible unlabeled protein data to pretrain it by self-supervised learning. Then we use the pretrained weights as initialization and fine-tune the network on downstream tasks. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our method, we conduct experiments on three different downstream tasks including binding site identification in protein surface, ligand-binding protein pocket classification, and protein–protein interaction prediction. The extensive experiments show that our method not only successfully improves the network’s performance on all downstream tasks, but also achieves competitive performance with state-of-the-art methods. Moreover, our proposed network also exhibits significant advantages in terms of computational cost, which only requires less than a tenth of memory cost of previous methods. Availability and implementation https://github.com/phdymz/ProteinMAE.
Understanding the protective effect of social support on depression symptomatology from a longitudinal network perspective

Background Higher social support protects people from developing mental disorders. Limited evidence is available on the mechanism through which social support plays this protective role. Objective To investigate the stress-buffering process of social support on depressive symptoms using a novel longitudinal dynamic symptom network approach. Methods A total of 4242 adult participants who completed the first two waves (from May to October 2020) of the International Covid Mental Health Survey were included in the study. Cross-lagged panel network modelling was used to estimate a longitudinal network of self-reported social support, loneliness and depressive symptoms. Standardised regression coefficients from regularised cross-lagged regressions were estimated as edge weights of the network. Findings The results support a unidirectional protective effect of social support on key depressive symptoms, partly mediated through loneliness: A higher number of close confidants and accessible practical help was associated with decreased anhedonia (weight=−0.033) and negative self-appraisal symptoms (weight=−0.038). Support from others was also negatively associated with loneliness, which in turn associated with decreased depressed mood (weight=0.086) and negative self-appraisal (weight=0.077). We identified a greater number of direct relationships from social support to depressive symptoms among men compared with women. Also, the edge weights from social support to depression were generally stronger in the men’s network. Conclusions Reductions in negative self-appraisal might function as a bridge between social support and other depressive symptoms, and, thus, it may have amplified the protective effect of social support. Men appear to benefit more from social support than women. Clinical implications Building community-based support networks to deliver practical support, and loneliness reduction components are critical for depression prevention interventions after stressful experiences.
PM 2.5Mass Concentration Changes of Two Kinds Urban Forest and Its Correlation with Meteorological Factors

Focused on the forests of aspen and Chinese pine in Olympics Forest Park(OFP),the handheld environmental dust meter named Dustmate was used to observe the mass concentration of PM 2.5,and the handheld weather instrument named Kestrel 4500 was used to record the real-time meteorological elements,the typical weather was choose to analyze the relationship between PM 2.5 mass concentration and main meteorological elements in two forests category.The results indicated that:(1)The different urban forest had different effects on the mass concentration of PM 2.5,and the varies of PM 2.5mass concentration in the forests of aspen and Chinese pine were generally similar,while the different times of daily observation:highest from 8:00am to 10:00am,lowest from 11:00am to 17:00pm,but from 17:00pm to 20:00pm it was gradually recovered. (2)When the wind was blowing at 0.3~8m/s,the correlationship between wind speed and PM 2.5 mass concentration in forest was significantly negative,the correlation coefficient was-0.74. The impacts of north wind,northerly winds,south wind and southerly winds on PM 2.5 mass concentration were most significant in the forest. (3)The PM 2.5mass concentration and relative humidity had significant positive correlation in the forest. (4)The adsorption and blocking effects of Chinese pine's on PM 2.5were more obvious and better than aspen.
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION DISABILITY ASSESSMENT SCHEDULE VERSUS FUNCTIONAL INDEPENDENCE MEASURE IN TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

Objective In patients with traumatic brain injury, to compare functioning measured using the 12-item patient and proxy World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS-12) with assessments made by professionals. Patients and methods At discharge from rehabilitation, 89 consecutive patients with traumatic brain injury (10 mild, 36 moderate, 43 severe) and their proxies completed the WHODAS-12. Professionals assessed functioning simultaneously using the WHO minimal generic set of domains of functioning and health and Functional Independence Measure (FIM). Results From mild to severe traumatic brain injury, increasing disability was found in: sum, component and item scores of patient and proxy WHODAS, except for emotional functions in patients’ ratings; in sum and item scores of the WHO minimal generic data-set, except for pain; and in FIM total score and sub-scores. The WHODAS participation component was more impaired than activities. Although proxies rated functioning more impaired than patients, the correlation between patient and proxy WHODAS was strong (0.74). The correlation between patient/proxy WHODAS and FIM was also strong (–0.56 and –0.78, respectively). Proxy WHODAS differentiated mild and moderate traumatic brain injury more accurately than the other assessments. Conclusion We recommend using the WHODAS-12 when planning patient- and family-oriented rehabilitation services after traumatic brain injury. LAY ABSTRACT In this study, 89 patients with traumatic brain injury were enrolled with the aim of comparing the accuracy of the patient- and proxy-rated 12-item World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS-12) with the professional-rated World Health Organization (WHO) minimal generic data-set and Functional Independence Measure (FIM) in differentiating mild, moderate and severe traumatic brain injury. Al-though proxies rated functioning more impaired than patients, all ratings correlated strongly. In all assessments, significantly increasing disability was found from mild to moderate and severe traumatic brain injury. Proxy WHODAS-12 differentiated, however, mild and moderate traumatic brain injury more accurately than the other assessments. In both WHODAS-12 assessments, participation component was found to be more impaired than activities, especially in mild and moderate traumatic brain injury. We recommend using the WHODAS-12 when planning patient and family-centred rehabilitation services after traumatic brain injury.
Reversible effect of castration induced hypogonadism on the morphology of the left coronary arteries in adult male rabbits

Hypogonadism is associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease. This study sought to describe the histomorphology of the left coronary arteries of the adult male rabbit following orchiectomy and subsequent testosterone administration. We included 20 adult male rabbits, divided into a baseline group (n=2), an interventional group subjected to castration only (n=6), an intervention group subjected to castration followed by testosterone injection (n=6), and a control group (n=6). Key variables under investigation were serum testosterone levels, the intima-media thickness of coronary arteries, smooth muscle cell density, and adventitial collagen fiber density. The mean coronary arteries’ intimal medial thickness was significantly higher in the castrated group than in controls (0.488 mm and 0.388 mm, respectively), while the testosterone-injected group had a mean of 0.440 mm. Mean smooth muscle cell density was significantly lower in the castrated rabbits vs. controls (26.96% and 47.80%, respectively), this observation being reversed with testosterone injection (47.53%). Mean adventitial collagen fiber density was significantly higher in the castrated group than in controls (66.6% and 36.1%, respectively), with a marginal difference after testosterone injection (65.2%). This study demonstrates that castration-induced hypogonadism causes morphological changes in the coronary arteries that are partly reversible using testosterone injections. These findings provide a morphological basis for understanding the role of testosterone in coronary arteries.