Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simulation of mixed convection in slender rectangular cavity with lattice Boltzmann method

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to apply the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) to simulate mixed flow, which combines natural convection for temperature difference and forced convection for lid driven, in a two‐dimensional rectangular cavity over a wide range of aspect ratios (A), Rayleigh numbers (Ra) and Reynolds numbers (Re). Design/methodology/approach – The LBM is applied to simulate the mixed flow. A multi‐relaxation technique was used successfully. A scale order analysis helped the understanding and predicting the overall heat transfer.Findings – In the considered lid driven cavity, the Richardson number emerges as a measure of relative importance of natural and forced convection modes on the heat transfer. An expression of the overall heat transfer depending on the cavity slender (A) is deduced. The validity of the obtained expression was checked in mixed convection under the condition of low Richardson number (Ri) and the limitation condition was deduced.Practical implications – This paper has.
Automated test equipment for battery characterization: a proposal

The fast pace of innovation in the field of lithium-ion batteries and changing battery chemistry has resulted in significant scientific research in the development of battery models. Considerable emphasis is placed on battery state of health estimation and rest of useful life predictions. Tackling these challenges requires large datasets of aged batteries currently obtained using very expensive test setups. Furthermore, as the number of manufacturers increases, such setups are necessary for the validation and comparison of competing cells. This paper presents an economical, automated battery testing system, capable of aging batteries of different sizes. Moreover, it enables users to programmatically define various testing cycles. Its capabilities and performances are proven by aging 8 Li-ion cells under different state of charge and voltage limits.
Generalized Fuzzy Subset Method for Time-Varying Multi-State Reliability of Perturbation Failure Coupling Measurement System With Limited Expert Knowledge

In this article, a generalized fuzzy subset (GFS) method is proposed to assess the time-varying multistate reliability of the perturbation failure coupling measurement system. First, a perturbation-failure coupling mechanism is designed to define the propagation chain of perturbations so as to integrate all the possible perturbations as the inputs of the GFS method. Second, to assess the time-varying multistate reliability, a GFS reliability model is constructed based on the composite limit state. Furthermore, the concept of the uncertain subset boundary is presented to conduct the reliability assessment via a group of embedded interval type-2 fuzzy sets. To address the deficiency of the GFS reliability model, a data-driven strategy is designed to establish the implicit relation between the limited expert knowledge and the membership function. Finally, the experimental tests are carried out to examine the superiority of the GFS method, and parametric studies are also conducted to study the reliability of the PFCM system.
Defect Detection inside a Rail Head by Ultrasonic Guided Waves

Early detection of defects inside a rail is of great significance to ensure the safety of rail transit. This work investigated the ability of ultrasonic guided waves (UGWs) to detect internal defects in a rail head. First, the model of UGW propagation in rail, which has an irregular cross-section, was constructed based on the semi-analytical finite element (SAFE) method. Fundamental characteristics, such as wavenumber, phase or group velocity, and wave structure inside the rail, were then calculated. Following modal and vibration energy distribution analysis, a guided wave mode that is sensitive to transverse fissure (TF) defects was selected, and its excitation method was proposed. The effectiveness of the excitation method was confirmed by simulations performed in the ABAQUS software. According to the simulation data, the dispersion curve calculated by using the two-dimensional Fourier fast transform (2D-FFT) coincided well with that of the SAFE method. After that, the sensitivity of the selected mode to internal rail defects was validated and its ability to locate defects was also demonstrated. Finally, the effects of excitation frequency, defect size, and vertical and horizontal defect depth on the reflection waveforms were investigated.
Noisy fractional Brownian motion for detection of perturbations in regular textures

A generic method for detecting the presence of perturbating signal in model-based textures is presented. An index quantifying the accuracy of the texture model is defined from estimates of maximum likelihood or maximum a posteriori. The index is computed locally and a threshold value is used to detect those parts of the texture that depart from the model. We investigate the particular case of fractal textures based on a noisy fractional Brownian motion model. A specific accuracy index is derived from the likelihood of a heuristic synthesis model known as the random midpoint displacement algorithm. The method is applied to the problem of detecting microcalcifications in digital mammography. Results show that 95 percent of the breast tissue can be classified as not containing microcalcifications, in a short computation time and without significant error, thus proving the relevance of the method.
Exploring the Chemical Space of Kawakawa Leaf (Piper excelsum)

The chemical profiles of kawakawa (Piper excelsum) leaves were analysed through targeted and non-targeted LC-MS/MS. The phytochemical profile was obtained for both aqueous extracts representative of kawakawa tea and methanolic extracts. Sixty-four compounds were identified from eight leaf sources including phenylpropanoids, lignans, flavonoids, alkaloids and amides. Eight of these compounds were absolutely quantified. The chemical content varied significantly by leaf source, with two commercially available sources of dried kawakawa leaves being relatively high in phenylpropanoids and flavonoids compared with field-collected fresh samples that were richer in amides, alkaloids and lignans. The concentrations of pharmacologically active metabolites ingested from the traditional consumption of kawakawa leaf as an aqueous infusion, or from novel use as a seasoning, are well below documented toxicity thresholds.
Toward mid-IR supercontinuum generation in bismuth-lead-galate glass based photonic crystal fibers

In this paper we report a two octave spanning supercontinuum generation in the range 750-3000 nm with a newly developed photonic crystal fiber. The fibre is fabricated using an in-house synthesized lead-bismuth-galate glass PBG08 with optimised rheological and transmission properties in the range 500-4800 nm. The photonic cladding consists of 8 rings of air holes with a fibre core diameter of 3 μm and a lattice constant of 2.2 μm. The dispersion characteristic is determined mainly by the material dispersion and the first ring of holes in the cladding with a filling factor of 0.68. The filling factor of the remaining 7 rings is 0.45 which allows single mode performance of the fibre in the infrared range. The fibre has a zero dispersion wavelength of 1490 nm which allows the use of 1550 nm wavelength as an efficient pump in the anomalous dispersion regime. The 2 cm long sample of photonic crystal fiber is pumped in the femtosecond regime with a pulse energy of 10 nJ at a wavelength of 1550 nm. A flatness of 5 dB is observed in the spectral range 950-2500 nm.
A CONTRIBUTION TOWARDS MILK ENZYMES , SOMATIC CELL COUNT AND BACTERIAL PATHOGENS ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS COWS MILK

Received at:26/5/2013 Accepted: 5/6/2013 A total of 200 milk samples of 50 clinically healthy dairy cows were collected and examined using California mastitis test (CMT) to detect subclinical mastitis. Somatic Cell count (SCC) and milk enzymes activities; lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were applied to all samples while bacteriological examination was applied to positive CMT only. Only 14 cows (28%) were subclinically mastitic containing 31 mastitic quarters (15.5%). The entire 31 SCM milk sample showed elevated aLDH, ALP, catalase and GPx activities; with averages of 236.9±40.9, 268.5±53.3, 631.6±87.9, and 344.2±43 U/ml, respectively. Meanwhile 27 (87.1%) only of them showed elevation in SCC with an average of 9.24±2.0 (×10cells/ml). Bacteriological examination of milk samples revealed that 21 samples (67.7%) had different bacterial infections, of which 16 quarters (51.6%) had single bacterial infections and 5 (16.1%) had mixed bacterial infections. The correlations between bacterial infections, SCC and enzymatic activities in SCM milk revealed that the mixed bacterial infections; especially with S. aureus+ Str. Dysgalactiae, showed higher elevation in SCC as well as enzymes activities than single bacterial infections. In conclusion, enzyme parameters in this study can be used as biomarkers for early detection of subclinical mastitis.
Statistics in Preclinical Pharmaceutical Research and Development

eds. H. -J. Lenz and P.-Th. Wilrich, Heidelberg, Germany: SpringerVeriag, 208-228. Stoumbos, Z. G. , and Reynolds, M. R. , Jr. (1997), “Control Charts Applying a Sequential Test at Fixed Sampling Intervals,” Journal of Quality Technology, 29, 2140. (2000a), “The SPRT Control Chart for the Process Mean With Samples Starting at Fixed Times,” Nonlinear Analysis, (to appear). (2000b), “Robustness to Non-Normality and Autocorrelation of Individual Control Charts,” Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation, Special Issue on Statistics: Modeling of Processes in Science and Industry, 66, 145-187. Tagaras, G. (1998), “A Survey of Recent Developments in the Design of Adaptive Control Charts,” Journal of Quality Technology, 30, 21 2-23 1. Tsung, F. , Shi, J., and Wu, C. F. J. (1999), “Joint Monitoring of PIDControlled Processes,” Journal of Quality Technology, 31, 275-285. Woodall, W. H. (1986), “Weaknesses of the Economic Design of Control Charts” (letter to the editor), Technometrics, 28, 408-410. Woodall, W. H. , and Montgomery, D. C. (1999), “Research Issues and Ideas in Statistical Process Control,” Journal of Quality Technology, 31,
A Near-Infrared Survey of Radio-selected Ultracompact H II Regions

A near-infrared (NIR) survey of 63 radio-selected, ultracompact (UC) H II regions representing 47 different star-forming sites has been completed. The survey was obtained using H-band imaging and moderate-resolution, R = 1200, K-band spectroscopy, centered on the radio emission peak of the UC H II regions. The goal of this survey was to determine the fraction of radio-selected UC H II regions that can be studied with NIR observations and analysis. Approximately 50% of the 63 radio-selected UC H II regions appear to be detected at NIR wavelengths in Brγ emission (107 ergs s-1 cm-2 sr-1). Typical line-of-sight extinction toward the detected UC H II regions ranged from AV = 30 to 50, though one source was measured to have AV = 80. For a few of these UC H II regions, the central ionizing sources are detected through high signal-to-noise ratio NIR spectra of photospheric transitions. This preliminary survey suggests that perhaps 5%-10% of UC H II regions showing NIR counterparts will have directly detectable central ionizing sources. Using the ratio of He I 2.11 to Brγ, the effective temperatures of the central ionizing stars in 25 UC H II regions have been estimated. While He I is not always detected in UC H II regions, when it was found or a meaningful upper limit determined, the spectral type implied by the ratio of He I 2.11 to Brγ closely matched similar estimates of spectral type derived from radio. Model predictions based on mid-infrared measurements appear to underestimate the temperature of the central ionizing stars for which we have directly detected spectral types. The line ratios of H2 2-1 S(1) and 1-0 S(0) relative to the 1-0 S(1) line in our sample of UC H II regions are generally indicative of dense photodissociation regions rather than shocks, similar to what is seen in the Orion Bar. This was true even for UC H II regions showing very weak Brγ emission. While Brγ was generally found to be spatially correlated with the radio emission, H2 showed little correlation with the UC H II regions, typically lying ≳10'' from the central radio emission. A discussion of each UC H II region studied is included in an extensive appendix.
General Relativistic Effects on the Spectrum Reflected by Accretion Disks around Black Holes

Making the usual assumption that the relatively cold matter within the central engine of an active galactic nucleus (or galactic black hole candidate) is in the form of a relativistic accretion disk, we compute the composite spectrum of the original disk plus a primary X-ray power-law source illuminating it from above, as well as the reflected emission from the disk. All special and general relativistic effects on both infalling photons and outgoing photons are considered in a Schwarzschild geometry. The strength, shape, and broadening of the reflected spectrum depend on the direction of the X-ray source relative to the disk and the observer's viewing angle. The reflected photons extract energy and angular momentum from the relativistically rotating accretion disk and are beamed in the direction of the disk velocity. The reflection hump could essentially disappear if viewed far from the symmetry axis because the X-ray photons are affected by gravity both approaching and leaving the disk. This may produce a difference between X-ray spectra for Seyfert 1 and Seyfert 2 galaxies. For a given observation angle, the reflection hump is most sensitive to the inclination of the source relative to the accretion disk. Thus the spectral shape may also shed light on the location of the primary X-ray source, which is probably either in a jet or in a corona; however, additional computations involving distributed sources will be necessary before detailed comparisons with observations are feasible.
ELECTRICAL, MAGNETIC AND DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF Zn1-xCdxO SYSTEM

The ternary system Zn1-xCdxO (x = 0.00, 0.01, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15) samples have been synthesized by the solid solution route. The synthesized samples were characterized by their electrical, magnetic and dielectric properties. The resistivity of the samples decreases with increase of Cd concentration and temperature, respectively. The activation energy at 339 K varies from 0.426 to 0.146 eV. The ternary system possesses a negative mass susceptibility having pair of electrons confirmed by the magnetic mass susceptibility measurement. The dielectric constant of the samples increases with increase of Cd and decreases with frequency initially and then remains constant.
Development of a Hydrodynamic Model for Regulating Water Drainage of Reservoir and Water Resources Management, Lamtakong Watershed of Thailand

The goal of this research was to develop a hydrodynamic model (HDD-M) for water resource management in the Lamtakong Watershed (LTKW), as well as to simulate three scenarios: 1) Current land use conditions in 2021, 2) Forecasting predicted land-use changes in 2024, and 3) Water drainage regulation of the Lamtakong Reservoir (LTKR) for water resource management in 2024. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model and Geographic Information System (GIS) program were used to estimate and simulate the amount of Surface Runoff (S), Sediment Yield (SED), Carbonaceous Biochemical Oxygen Demand concentration (CBOD), and Nitrate concentration (NO3) based on a comparison of simulated and observed data. In scenario 1, the S, SED, CBOD, and NO3 were calculated to be 238.44 million cubic meters (MCM), 840,613.68 tons per year, 2.38 mg/L, and 7.36 mg/L, respectively. In the second scenario, the S decreased to 14.75 MCM, whereas SED, CBOD, and NO3 increased to 56,757.48 tons, 0.56 mg/L, and 0.79 mg/L, respectively, when compared to scenario 1, (Scenario 2). Scenario 3 demonstrated that during the dry season of November to June, the standards of surface water were CBOD and NO3, and that increasing LTKR drainage can help prevent the deterioration of water yields. As a result, the HDD-M, which includes the reservoir's controlling water drainage, may need to be considered to satisfy water resource management goals.
Physical and sensory environment interventions to support children’s social and emotional development in early childhood education and care settings: a systematic review

ABSTRACT Interventions and programmes to support the development of preschool children’s social and emotional skills are commonly used in early childhood education and care (ECEC) settings. Research suggests the physical and sensory ECEC environment can influence children’s social and emotional development. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the effectiveness of physical and sensory ECEC environment interventions, delivered by ECEC educators, to support children’s social and emotional development. Relevant studies were identified through a systematic search of PsycINFO, ERIC, Medline, and other sources; seven papers, published since 2000, were included in this review. The interventions used in ECEC settings, include: nature-based programmes, playground redevelopment, background music, indoor toy arrangement and sensory cushions. The results show the effectiveness of physical and sensory environment interventions is mixed, but shows promise. This paper outlines recommendations for future research and practice, including the need to further explore the characteristics of supportive sensory ECEC environments.
Discovery of orbital decay in SMC X-1

We report on the results of three observations of the binary X-ray pulsar SMC X-1 with the Ginga satellite. Timing analyses of the 0.71 s X-ray pulsations yield Doppler delay curves which, in turn, enable the most accurate determination of the SMC X-1 orbital parameters available to date. Epochs of phase zero for the 3.9 day orbit were determined for 1987 May, 1988 August, and 1989 August with accuracies of 13, 0.6, and 3 s, respectively. These epochs are combined with two previous determinations of the orbital epoch to yield the rate of change in the orbital period dot-P(orb)/P(orb) = ( 3.36 +/- 0.02) x 10(exp -6) yr(exp -1). An interpretation of the orbital decay is made in the context of tidal evolution, with consideration of the influence of the increasing moment of inertia of the companion star due to its nuclear evolution. We find that, while the orbital decay is probably driven by tidal interactions, the asynchronism between the orbit and the rotation of the companion star is most likely maintained by the evolutionary expansion of the companion star (Sk 160) rather than via the Darwin instability. In this case Sk 160 is likely to be in the hydrogen shell burning phase of its evolution. Finally, a discussion is presented of the relation among the time scales for stellar evolution (less than 10(exp 7) yr), orbital decay (3 x 10(exp 5) yr), and neutron-star spin-up in the SMC X-1 system (2000 yr). In particular, we present the result of a self-consistent calculation for the histories of the spin of the neutron star and the mass transfer in this system. A plausible case can be made for the spin-up time scale being directly related to the lifetime of the luminous X-ray phase which will end in a common-envelope phase within a time of less than approx. 10(exp 4) yr.
A Recognition Method of Truck Drivers’ Braking Patterns Based on FCM-LDA2vec

Taking truck drivers’ braking patterns as the research objects, this study used a large amount of truck running data. A recognition method of truck drivers’ braking patterns was proposed to determine the distribution of braking patterns during the operation of trucks. First, the segmented data of braking behaviors were collected in order to extract 25 characteristic parameters. Additionally, seven main correlation factors were obtained by dimensionality reduction. The FCM clustering algorithm and CH scores were used to identify nine categories of truck drivers’ braking behaviors. Then the LDA2vec model was used to identify the distribution of different braking behavior words in braking patterns, and three categories of truck drivers’ braking patterns were identified. The test results showed that the accuracy of the truck drivers’ braking pattern recognition model based on LDA2vec was higher than 85%, and braking patterns of drivers in the daily operation process could be mined from vehicle operation data. Furthermore, through the monitoring and pre-warning of the braking patterns and targeted training of drivers, traffic accidents could be avoided. At the same time, this paper’s results can be used to protect human life and health and reduce environmental pollution caused by traffic congestion or traffic accidents.
A QoS-Adaptive Interference Alignment Technique for In-Band Full-Duplex Multi-Antenna Cellular Networks

In this paper, we propose a novel interference alignment (IA) technique for an in-band full-duplex (IBFD) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) cellular network where a base station (BS) and user equipment (UE) are equipped with multiple antennas, and the local channel state information (CSI) is available at all nodes. Considering a practical IBFD MIMO cellular network, it is assumed that only the BS operates with full-duplex (FD) communication while UE operate in half-duplex (HD) mode. These IBFD networks introduce a new type of interference called cross-link interference (CLI), in which uplink UE affects downlink UE. The proposed IA technique consists of two symmetric IA schemes according to the number of antennas in the uplink and downlink UE, and both schemes effectively mitigate CLI in the IBFD MIMO network. It is worth noting that both IA schemes are adaptively applicable according to the network’s quality-of-service (QoS) requirements, such as uplink and downlink traffic demands. Furthermore, we theoretically characterize and prove the achievable sum-degrees-of-freedom (DoF) of the proposed IA technique. Simulation results show that the proposed IA technique significantly improves the sum rate performance compared to conventional HD communications (multi-user MIMO) while achieving the same achievable DoF as the interference-free IBFD MIMO network.