Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adductor longus: An anatomical study to better understand groin pain

We investigated the shear modulus–passive force relationship in the hip adductor longus (AL) muscles of human cadavers and explored the effect of muscle architecture on the elastic properties of the AL muscle using shear wave elastography (SWE). Nine AL muscles were harvested from a soft, embalmed cadaver. The AL muscles were affixed to a custom‐built device comprising two clamps, a pulley, and a cable to provide passive loads, which were increased from 0 to 600 g in 60‐g increments. The shear modulus of the AL muscle was measured in the proximal (Pro), middle (Mid), and distal (Dis) regions. The masses and anatomical cross‐sectional areas (ACSAs) of the AL muscles were measured. The shear modulus‐passive load relationship of each tested muscle region was analyzed by fitting a least‐squares regression line. Moreover, the rate of increase in the shear modulus per unit load (s) was calculated. The shear modulus and passive force were linearly correlated for all AL muscles in each region (p < 0.01). The mean coefficients of determination (R2) for Pro, Mid, and Dis were 0.989, 0.986, and 0.982, respectively. The rate of increase in the shear modulus per unit load significantly correlated with the reciprocal of the muscle mass (r = 0.77, p = 0.02) and ACSA (r = 0.43, p = 0.03). Shear wave elastography can be used as an indirect measure of passive force in any region of the AL muscle. Additionally, the rate of increase in the shear modulus per unit load could be associated with muscle architectural parameters.
Genetic analyses reveal regional structure and demographic expansion of the predominant tea pest Empoasca onukii (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in China.

BACKGROUND The tea green leafhopper, Empoasca onukii Matsuda, is the most destructive insect pest of tea plantations in East Asia. Despite its economic importance and previous studies on this species, it remains unclear as to how this small-sized pest can have such wide range. RESULTS By sequencing three mitochondrial genes and 17 microsatellite loci, we revealed the regional structure and demographic expansion of 59 E. onukii populations in China. Bayesian analysis of population genetic structure (BAPS) on microsatellites identified four genetic groups with spatial discontinuities, while analysis on mitochondrial genes inferred five nested and differentiated clusters. Both Mantel test and generalized linear model indicated a significant pattern of isolation by geographic distance in E. onukii populations. Based on the approximate Bayesian computation approach, E. onukii was found to be originated from southwestern China and expand northward and eastward. While MIGRATE-N and Bayesian stochastic search variable selection (BSSVS) procedure in BEAST confirmed the possible eastward and northward dispersal from Yunnan, they also detected more gene flow from the derived populations in central and southeastern China. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the current distribution and structure of E. onukii is complicatedly influenced by human activities of cultivation, wide dissemination of tea in ancient China as well as recent transportation of tea seedlings for establishing new tea plantations. Insights into genetic differentiation and demographic expansion patterns, from this study, provide an important basis for the development of area-wide management of the E. onukii populations. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Exploring the Effects of Yoga Therapy on Heart Rate Variability and Patient-Reported Outcomes After Cancer Treatment: A Study Protocol

Background: Following cancer treatment, adults commonly report worsened patient-reported outcomes (PROs) such as anxiety, stress, depression, persistent and upsetting cognitive complaints, unrelenting fatigue, and reduced quality of life. Poorer PROs are associated with disrupted autonomic nervous system functioning as measured by heart rate variability (HRV), both of which have been associated with greater morbidity and mortality. Interventions to improve HRV and PROs among adults following cancer treatment are needed. Yoga therapy holds promise as an intervention to improve HRV and PROs. Therefore, we conducted a single-subject exploratory experimental study to investigate the effects of yoga therapy on HRV and specific PROs (ie, cancer-related fatigue, anxiety, cognitive function, depression, stress, quality of life) in adults treated for cancer. To reduce publication bias, improve reproducibility, and serve as a reference for forthcoming reporting of study results, we present the study protocol for this study herein. Methods: Participants were adults who completed cancer treatment that were recruited from the Ottawa Integrative Cancer Centre. Consenting and eligible participants received one 1:1 yoga therapy session (ie, 1 participant, 1 Yoga Therapist) and 6 weekly group-based yoga therapy sessions (ie, 2-3 participants, 1 Yoga Therapist). Participants completed assessments 7 times: 3 times prior to the program (ie, −6 weeks, −3 weeks, immediately prior to the 1:1 yoga therapy session), immediately following the 1:1 yoga therapy session, prior to the first group-based yoga therapy session, after the last group-based yoga therapy session, and at a 6-week follow-up. Hierarchical linear modeling will be used to test the average effects of the yoga therapy program across participants. Discussion: This study will explore several novel hypotheses, including whether yoga therapy can improve HRV and/or specific PROs among adults treated for cancer acutely (ie, during a 1:1 yoga therapy session) and/or through repeated exposure (ie, after completing 6 weeks of group-based yoga therapy). Although the findings will require confirmation or refutation in future trials, they may provide initial evidence that YT may benefit adults treated for cancer. Trial registration: ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN64763228. Registered on December 12, 2021. This trial was registered retrospectively. URL of trial registry record: https://www.isrctn. com/ISRCTN64763228
MIS TLIF, EndoTLIF, and the Ability of Navigation/Robotics to Enable Spinal Surgery in an Ambulatory Care Setting

Study Design Technical Report. Objective Performing surgeries in the ambulatory surgery center affords improved efficiencies in terms of cost and speed. However, ambulatory surgery is only successful if complications, re-admissions, and re-operations are avoided. This report describes the San Diego Outpatient Lumbar Fusion Program, a culmination of cumulative incremental improvements in patient selection and patient education, meticulous peri-operative management, minimally invasive techniques together with navigation/robotics. Methods Retrospective review of prospectively collected data on 1–2 level minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusions (MIS TLIF). Results Healthy patients (age 72 years old or less, BMI less than 50, ASA 1 or 2) with good social support and reasonable pre-operative function (ODI 50 or less) treated with the MIS TLIF technique can be discharged home in less than 1 midnight with good clinical results. Conclusions Relatively young, healthy patients can safely and effectively undergo 1–2 level lumbar fusion surgery in the ASC setting when using contemporary minimally invasive techniques and computer-assisted navigation/robotics.
Effect of a Home-Based Mobile Health App Intervention on Physical Activity Levels in Patients With Heart Failure

Background The use of mobile health applications (apps) is an effective strategy in supporting patients' self-management of heart failure (HF) in home settings, but it remains unclear whether they can be used to reduce sedentary behaviors and increase overall physical activity levels. Aim The aims of this study were to determine the effect of an 8-week home-based mobile health app intervention on physical activity levels and to assess its effects on symptom burden and health-related quality of life. Method In this study, we collected repeated-measures data from 132 participants with HF (60.8 ± 10.47 years) randomized into a usual care group (n = 67) or an 8-week home-based mobile health app intervention group (n = 65). The intervention was tailored to decrease the time spent in sedentary behavior and to increase the time spent in physical activities performed at light or greater intensity levels. Physical activity levels were monitored for 2 weeks before the intervention and during the 8-week intervention using the Samsung mobile health app. Heart failure symptom burden and health-related quality of life were assessed at baseline, 2 weeks from baseline assessment, and immediately post intervention. Results At week 8, all participants in the intervention group demonstrated an increase in the average daily step counts above the preintervention counts (range of increase: 2351–7925 steps/d). Only 29 participants (45%) achieved an average daily step count of 10 000 or higher by week 6 and maintained their achievement to week 8 of the intervention. Repeated-measures analysis of variance showed a significant group-by-time interaction, indicating that the intervention group had a greater improvement in physical activity levels, symptom burden, and health-related quality of life than the usual care group. Conclusion Home-based mobile health app–based interventions can increase physical activity levels and can play an important role in promoting better HF outcomes.
Photoinhibition of Streptococcus mutans Biofilm-Induced Lesions in Human Dentin by Violet-Blue Light

This in vitro study determined the effectiveness of violet-blue light on Streptococcus mutans (UA159) biofilm induced dentinal lesions. Biofilm was formed on human dentin specimens in a 96-well microtiter plate and incubated for 13 h in the presence of tryptic soy broth (TSB) or TSB supplemented with 1% sucrose (TSBS). Violet-blue light (405 nm) from quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLFTM) was used to irradiate the biofilm. Supernatant liquid was removed, and the biofilm was irradiated continuously with QLF for 5 min twice daily with an interval of 6 h for 5 d, except with one treatment on the final day. Colony forming units (CFU) of the treated biofilm, changes in fluorescence (∆F; QLF-Digital BiluminatorTM), lesion depth (L), and integrated mineral loss (∆Z; both transverse microradiography) were quantified at the end of the fifth day. Statistical analysis used analysis of variance (ANOVA), testing at a 5% significance level. In the violet-blue light irradiated groups, there was a significant reduction (p < 0.05) of bacterial viability (CFU) of S. mutans with TSB and TSBS. Violet-blue light irradiation resulted in the reduction of ∆F and L of the dentinal surface with TSBS. These results indicate that violet-blue light has the capacity to reduce S. mutans cell numbers.
Electromagnetic induction imaging through metallic shields

Electromagnetic induction imaging has wide potential application in the disciplines of medicine, security, industry, geophysics and scientific research in general. The present study focuses on the applications in the security industry and in particular on providing a new tool for cargo screening in the context of the detection of illicit trafficking of special nuclear materials. The thesis reports a proof-of-concept study of electromagnetic imaging of metallic objects concealed inside electromagnetic enclosures. The sample object is imaged via phase variation measurements between the driver and sensor coils due to inductive coupling between the coils and the object, these images being proportional conductivity maps. For effective imaging through conductive barriers, subtraction of images at different frequencies was carried out in order to isolate the contribution of the concealed object. The present study validates electromagnetic induction imaging for nuclear security applications. The resolution of the system was determined using an edge detection algorithm applied to the images and found to be ~30 mm. The instrumentation employs Helmholtz coils for the driving field and an array of 20 × 20 sensor coils mounted on a wooden apparatus, with fixtures being non-metallic to magnetically isolate the experiment. Further studies were made to determine the compatibility of the modality to image in 3D by imaging Copper and Aluminium disks raised above the sensor array. The experiment gave a positive result being able to detect up to 80 mm depth (lift-off height) for 150 mm diameter disks and up to 40 mm depth for the 20 mm diameter disks. A study was performed to determine the penetrating power of the system by imaging through Aluminium enclosures of varying thickness. It was found that a Copper disk of 40 mm diameter by 2 mm thickness could be imaged through an Aluminium box even when the wall thickness was 20 mm, at 10 to 200 Hz driving frequency.
Dynamics of a Homogeneous and Isotropic Space in Pure Cubic f(R) Gravity

The possible ways of dynamics of a homogeneous and isotropic space described by the Friedmann–Lemaitre–Robertson–Walker metric in the framework of cubic in the Ricci scalar f(R) gravity in the absence of matter are considered. This paper points towards an effective method for limiting the parameters of extended gravity models. A method for f(R)-gravity models, based on the metric dynamics of various model parameters in the simplest example is proposed. The influence of the parameters and initial conditions on further dynamics are discussed. The parameters can be limited by (i) slow growth of space, (ii) instability and (iii) divergence with the inflationary scenario.
Two sides of the same coin: Protective versus pathogenic CD4+ resident memory T cells

The ability of the adaptive immune system to form memory is key to providing protection against secondary infections. Resident memory T cells (TRM) are specialized T cell populations that reside within tissue sites where they await reencounter with their cognate antigen. TRM are distinct from circulating memory cells, including central and effector memory T cells, both functionally and transcriptionally. Since the discovery of TRM, most research has focused on CD8+ TRM, despite that CD4+ TRM are also abundant in most tissues. In the past few years, more evidence has emerged that CD4+ TRM can contribute both protective and pathogenic roles in disease. A complexity inherent to the CD4+ TRM field is the ability of CD4+ T cells to polarize into a multitude of distinct subsets and recognize not only viruses and intracellular bacteria but also extracellular bacteria, fungi, and parasites. In this review, we outline the key features of CD4+ TRM in health and disease, including their contributions to protection against SARS-CoV-2 and potential contributions to immunopathology associated with COVID-19. Description CD4+ resident memory T cells can perform both protective and pathogenic roles in disease.
Analysis of mathematics teaching programmes at preschool age based on activity theory (Análisis de programas de enseñanza de las matemáticas en la edad preescolar desde la teoría de la actividad)

ABSTRACT The teaching of mathematics is a topic of concern in the fields of pedagogy, psychology and neuroscience. Many primary and secondary school students show little interest in studying mathematics, which is accompanied by poor marks, low school success rates and learning disabilities. It is possible to think that these difficulties are general throughout the population and not related only to pathological developmental conditions and disabilities. Within psychology, the cultural-historical approach and activity theory allow us to analyse and characterize the content of educational methods. This study analyses three proposals for teaching mathematics in the third year of preschool education in Mexico according to type of orientation, the concepts taught, the actions the teacher does with the students and the classroom communication. It discusses the need to reconsider the content of educational work in preschool institutions in order to guarantee children’s optimal level of preparation for the conceptual learning of mathematics in primary school.
The Vulnerable Andaman and Nicobar Islands: A Study of Disasters and Response

Punam Tripathi, an Indian geographer, has done us a favor by writing an interesting and informative book on a relatively little studied part of South Asia. The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are a union territory of India located in the Bay of Bengal 1,200 km away from the Indian mainland. The archipelago covers a total of 572 islands, of which 38 are inhabited. The total population according to the 2011 census was 380,581. The Andamans stand for 78 percent of the land territory and 90 percent of the population, with the rest in the Nicobar Islands to the south. As such, the islands are in a geopolitically strategic location in relation to Myanmar (and through it, China) and Southeast Asia, as well as the Malacca Straits, one of the most important international waterways in the world, through which oil and other resources pass on board 65,000 vessels every year on their way to China, Japan, and elsewhere in East Asia.
Effective PPGIS in spatial decision‐making: Reflecting participant priorities by illustrating the implications of their choices

The use of local knowledge adds value to the decision‐making process, for which public participatory GIS (PPGIS) are widely deployed. However, there are often issues in the way that PPGIS are designed, particularly with respect to the type of spatial representation used. We propose “informed interfaces” as a novel approach to PPGIS interface design, to ensure the system can effectively reflect the interests, priorities and values of participants in case‐specific spatial decision‐making. This article introduces the concept before demonstrating the benefits of the approach using two examples of informed interfaces through an illustrative UK case study. Evidence was gathered from three face‐to‐face workshops and five multi‐participant online usability tests, revealing that participants felt more confident in the data sets they produced using the informed interfaces. The results also confirm that informed interfaces hold the potential to provide richer, more veracious data sets for improved decision‐making, revealing new insights into local perspectives.
A 300-GHz Low-Noise Amplifier in 130-nm SiGe SG13G3 Technology

This work presents a 300-GHz low-noise amplifier (LNA) in a SiGe:C 130-nm BiCMOS technology, featuring $f_{t}/f_{\text {max}}$ of 470/700 GHz. The designed amplifier uses three cascaded stages in a pseudo-differential cascode topology with input and output baluns facilitating single-ended measurements. The first stage is matched trading off noise and gain performance, while a T-type output matching network is used for broadband matching. The interstage matching is performed using center tap transformers. On-wafer measurements show that the designed LNA has a peak small-signal gain of 10.8 dB at 325 GHz, along with a 3-dB bandwidth of 68 GHz and an input 1-dB compression point of −15.6 dBm at 287.5 GHz. The simulated noise figure is better than 12.7 dB over the required band. The circuit occupies 0.26-mm2 silicon area and consumes 119 mW from a 3.3-V supply.
ACE-SNN: Algorithm-Hardware Co-design of Energy-Efficient & Low-Latency Deep Spiking Neural Networks for 3D Image Recognition

High-quality 3D image recognition is an important component of many vision and robotics systems. However, the accurate processing of these images requires the use of compute-expensive 3D Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). To address this challenge, we propose the use of Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) that are generated from iso-architecture CNNs and trained with quantization-aware gradient descent to optimize their weights, membrane leak, and firing thresholds. During both training and inference, the analog pixel values of a 3D image are directly applied to the input layer of the SNN without the need to convert to a spike-train. This significantly reduces the training and inference latency and results in high degree of activation sparsity, which yields significant improvements in computational efficiency. However, this introduces energy-hungry digital multiplications in the first layer of our models, which we propose to mitigate using a processing-in-memory (PIM) architecture. To evaluate our proposal, we propose a 3D and a 3D/2D hybrid SNN-compatible convolutional architecture and choose hyperspectral imaging (HSI) as an application for 3D image recognition. We achieve overall test accuracy of 98.68, 99.50, and 97.95% with 5 time steps (inference latency) and 6-bit weight quantization on the Indian Pines, Pavia University, and Salinas Scene datasets, respectively. In particular, our models implemented using standard digital hardware achieved accuracies similar to state-of-the-art (SOTA) with ~560.6× and ~44.8× less average energy than an iso-architecture full-precision and 6-bit quantized CNN, respectively. Adopting the PIM architecture in the first layer, further improves the average energy, delay, and energy-delay-product (EDP) by 30, 7, and 38%, respectively.
The Effects of Embedded Skin Cancer Interventions on Sun-Safety Attitudes and Attention Paid to Tan Women on Instagram

Background and Objectives Because of high skin cancer risks for young women, it is vital that effective interventions reach and influence this demographic. Visual social media platforms, like Instagram, are popular with young women and are an appropriate intervention site; yet, they also host competing images idealizing tan skin. The present study tested the ability of digital sun-safety interventions to affect self-control-related emotions and visual attention to subsequent tan-ideal images as well as sun-safety attitudes. Methods Women were recruited from a large public Mid-Atlantic university in the United States. Participants (N = 120) were randomly assigned to view an appearance benefits intervention, a self-control emotions intervention, or a control message, each designed to look like an Instagram sponsored story. After self-reporting self-compassion and anticipated pride, participants then viewed seven pairs of Instagram posts featuring either tan or pale women while an eye tracker assessed visual attention. Finally, participants self-reported their responses to questions assessing sun-safety-related norms, efficacy, and attitudes. Results A mixed design analysis of covariance revealed that women who first viewed the appearance benefits intervention story spent less time visually fixated on Instagram images of tan women than did those who viewed the self-control emotions intervention or control message (p = 0.005, ηp2 = 0.087). Regressions also revealed interactions between the intervention conditions and feelings of anticipated pride on both visual attention and sun-safety attitudes. Conclusion Sponsored stories on Instagram can promote sun-safety attitudes, depending on the emotional responses they generate. Additionally, sponsored interventions can affect subsequent visual attention.