Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
International Journal of Current Research in

Empty Fruit Bunches of Oil Palm cannot be readily decomposed as they are still in complex elemental form, therefore must be degraded first, yet natural degradation processes takes a very long time, hence the use of fungi can accelerate the degradation process by various enzymes they produced. Rot fungi possess the ligninolytic capability i.e., producing enzyme that degrade lignin. The materials used in this study include EFB of oil palm, bran, and dolomite lime. Ingredients were mixed evenly and then inoculated with 3 different rot fungi. Treatment 1: without rot fungi (control), treatment 2: Trichoderma sp. , treatment 3: Pleurotus ostreatus, and treatment 4: Tramella sp. Composting process was done on the vessel with dimension of 200 × 100 × 80 cm. Compost was covered with a tarpaulin, mixed and reversed thoroughly every 2 weeks, and placed under the shade for 12 weeks to accelerate decomposition. The results showed that the inoculation of the rot fungus accelerate the composting process, improve the physical and chemical properties and contribute to the nutrient content of the compost. This study showed that the quality of the compost with different parameters such as temperature, pH and the ratio C: N was good. Temperature was increased in all treatments after three weeks and then decreased gradually until the stage of maturity of compost. The inoculation treatment with Trichoderma sp had better quality than other treatments. C/N ratio and pH of mature compost was 18.68 and 6.1. It was concluded that inoculation of Trichoderma sp is potential for EFB decomposition. Accepted: 13 February 2017 Available Online: 06 March 2017
International Journal of Current Research in

Date of Publication: 06 February 2018 Microbial communities play a vital role in functioning of plants in respect to their growth and development. The activity of rhizospheric microbial community is higher than the surrounding environment. Microorganisms are colonizing near the plant roots thus affecting their growth and development either by promoting growth or developing diseases. Soil borne pathogens are commonly associated with causing diseases in the plant. Naturally occurring beneficial microbes may inhibit their growth and retention in soil. These beneficial microbes may serve as an agent to suppress these diseases in that particular soil. Therefore, greater emphasis has been laid on manipulation of cropping system to manage native beneficial microorganisms as a means to suppress soil borne plant pathogens. The mechanism following this suppressiveness might be due to various biological attributes like production of antibiotics, competition for nutrients and space, parasitism and predation. Natural biological suppression of soil-borne diseases is a function of the activity and composition of soil microbial communities. Many soils possess similarities with regard to microorganisms involved in disease suppression, while other attributes are unique to specific pathogen-suppressive soil systems. For example, non pathogenic Fusarium spp. and fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. play a critical role in naturally occurring soils that are suppressive to Fusarium wilt. Suppression of take-all of wheat, caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, is induced in soil after continuous wheat monoculture due to presence of fluorescent Pseudomonads with capacity to produce the antibiotic 2,4diacetylphloroglucinol. Rhizoctonia root rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani may be suppressed by specific fluorescent Pseudomonad genotypes with antagonistic activity toward this pathogen. The enhancement of soil suppressiveness using organic amendments has also been widely described, especially for soil-borne diseases. However, there is great variability in the effectiveness of suppression depending on the nature of the amendment, the crop, the pathogen, and the environmental conditions. Moreover managing soil physico-chemical properties also suppresses certain pathogen thus improving soil health and quality. Managing soil parameters and microbial communities also proved to be suppressing weeds. Methods that transform resident microbial communities along with improving soil health and quality in a manner which induces natural soil suppressiveness have potential as a component in environmentally sustainable systems for management of soilborne plant pathogens. K e y w o r d s
Evaluation of Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn in manure of weaned pigs receiving high levels of organic or inorganic supplementation.

Satisfying the requirements for optimal performance and minimizing the environmental impact of trace minerals is a concern for pig nutrition. In 2003, the risk of accumulation of trace elements in cultivated soils receiving the liquid manures of pigs justified a limitation of trace element contents in animal feeds. A 40 days experiment has been undertaken to evaluate the Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn excretion of piglets given the upper concentrations allowed by European legislation in compound feeds.
Trees Outside Forest In Poland

Increasing environmental threats to agricultural production and the stability of ecosystems have been observed on the Polish lowlands since the 1970s. Several hundred million trees and shrubs have been planted on farmland, mostly along roads and with the involvement of public agencies, with a view to timber being produced, and soil erosion and the water deficit mitigated. On the basis of over 50 years of practical observations and scientific experiments, recommendations have been drawn up as regards the structural and spatial features of new tree planting outside forests that maximize environmental, production-related and social benefits. This paper gives a brief description of the history of the active establishment of woody vegetation across agricultural landscapes in Poland, along with best practices elaborated for this at several scientific centres.
Redistribution of soil water after infiltration

The redistribution of soil water after the cessation of infiltration in three agricultural soils was analyzed experimentally in the laboratory. It was found that the rate of redistribution within the soil profiles depended upon the initial depth of wetting and the soil water content-soil water pressure-capillary conductivity relations. The results are discussed in relation to measured and predicted profiles of inert porous mediums. (Key words: Infiltration;irrigation; soft water)
Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel diseases in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

BACKGROUND This is the first study on the epidemiology of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), the southernmost state of Brazil with the country’s fifth largest population. Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are collectively termed IBDs. They have high incidence and prevalence rates in high-income countries, although in recent years there has been a change in the classic geographical distribution of IBDs, with growing rates in traditionally low-incidence regions. AIM To estimate the incidence and prevalence of IBDs in the RS state, Brazil, between 2014 and 2019. METHODS This is a cross-sectional descriptive observational study. Patients with IBD who had initiated treatment and met the inclusion criteria of the RS state free drug distribution program were included. Data were obtained from registration or renewal records of the RS state specialty pharmacy. The male, female, and total populations were estimated according to mid-year data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, which served as a reference for calculating the incidence and prevalence rates of IBDs during the study period. Results were described using mean, standard deviation, and range. RESULTS We included 1082 patients with IBD, of whom 57.5% were female and 42.5% were male. Patients with CD accounted for 72.45% of the sample, and those with UC accounted for 27.54%. IBD prevalence during the study period was 9.51 per 100000 population, of which 6.89 corresponded to people with CD and 2.62, to people with UC. Incidence rates per 100000 population/year were 2.54 in 2014, 2.61 in 2015, 1.91 in 2016, 0.80 in 2017, 0.83 in 2018, and 0.96 in 2019. The mean IBD incidence rate per 100000 population was 1.61, of which 1.17 corresponded to CD and 0.44, to UC. The mean age was 41 years, and patients were mostly aged 30-40 years. Prevalence by region was higher in the state capital metropolitan area: 12.69 per 100000 population. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated an IBD prevalence of 9.51% and incidence of 1.61 per 100000 population. The patients were predominantly female, and CD was more prevalent than UC.
EFFECTS OF GRAZING ON GRASS

What is grazing? Grazing is the consumption of herbaceous plants by herbivores. Herbaceous plants include forbs (non-woody broadleaf flowering plants), grasses, and grass-like plants (sedges and rushes). Probably the most important and most identifiable herbaceous plant for grazing is grass (Family – Poaceae). There are well over 100 species of grass present on the rangelands of eastern Colorado, and approximately 10,000 grass species can be found across the globe. Grasses account for about a quarter of the earth’s vegetation and make up the preponderance of food (plant parts and seed) for both people and grazing animals. Management of grasses is important for land managers, and principally, understanding how grazing effects grass is paramount.
BOTANICAL DIVERSITY IN PAKISTAN; PAST PRESENT AND FUTURE

What so ever beneficial or dangerous it may be; the recent war against terrorism and extremism has also become a killing threat to botanical resources of North West and South West mountains in Pakistan. Moreover, Northern Mountains have lost its natural habitat due to earthquake in 2005. Pakistan with a great diversity of flora hosts around 6000 vascular plant species due to its varied climatic and edaphic factors. Four monotypic genera of flowering plants (Douepia, Suleimania, Spiroseris, Wendelboa) and around 400 species (7.8%) are endemic to Pakistan. Almost 80% of Pakistan‟s endemic flowering plants are confined to the northern and western mountains where war against terrorism and extremism is going on. About 400 species were traded in different drug markets of the country by local people of those areas before war. It was a dire need to quantify the existing herbals and their knowledge but no explorations can be made due to war. Today the ecological trend which was already of greatest concern in Pakistan due to continuous loss, fragmentation and degradation of natural habitats further accelerated because of the political instability and natural disaster. This is affecting without exception forests, rangelands, fresh-water and marine ecosystems. Of equal concern is the continuing decline in many native species of animals and plants. The degradation of agro-ecosystems and the accelerating loss of domestic genetic diversity are areas that need to be looked into. The status of wild plants and their traditional knowledge is closely linked with socio-economic factors in the Hindukush-Himalayas region of Pakistan, the population is dense, land resources are scarce, unemployment is high and the forests are already overused. Despite all the intangible benefits occurring from the Agro-ecosystems and ethno-botanical resources are grossly under estimated and now under accelerated threat for its contribution to the betterment of the poor people of the area and maintenance of ecological balance.
Estimation of the change of topsoil organic carbon of croplands in China based on long-term experimental data

This paper looked up 29 long-term experimental data about the change of soil organic carbon content (SOC) of cropland at 26 long-term experimental sites, and analyzed the changable scope of topsoil organic carbon pool of China in recent 20 years. There are 15 soil types like paddy soil, red soil, brown soil, and Chao soil et al. in the references of 29 long-term experimental data. In this paper, the treatment of no fertilizing CK(0), the treatment of the lowest increasing or highest decreasing of SOC(I), the treatment of the highest increasing or lowest decreasing of SOC(II), and the treatment of NPK balanced-fertilizing(III)in long-term experiments was selected for the SOC change at most exhausted, irrational fertilizing, increasing potential, and usual fertilizing scenario respectively. The results indicated that the average value of annual change velocity of SOC in the treatment of CK(0)was -0.06 g·kg-1·a-1, and that in the treatment of I, II, and III was respectively -0.008 g·kg-1·a-1, 0.29 g·kg-1·a-1 and 0.05 g·kg-1·a-1. According to the annual change velocity of SOC and national cropland area, the topsoil organic carbon store of croplands in mainland China would have decreased 419 Tg in passed 20 years under the extremely exhausted scenario; and it would have respectively decreased 99 Tg, increased 1.56 Pg and 208 Tg under the scenario of I, II and III. The great difference of SOC pool change of croplands between II and III model indicated that there would be great potential of carbon sequestration of agricultural topsoil in China.
Self-Management: The Case of the Kibbutz

Trends in the development of economic and production management in kibbutzim are examined in a general comparative framework of productive cooperation and self-management. The influence of such internal processes on the single SM enterprise's ability of survival in and coping with a capitalist economic environment is studied with reference to the concept of 'degeneration of cooperatives'. (Webb, 1899) Bad organization can often mean defeat. This is a truism. More interesting,however,is the fact that good organization can also lead to defeat, i.e., for the purposes, goals and interests which were the original reasons that the grouporganized. (Abrahamsson, 1977: 227)
Cardiac Mitochondria and Reactive Oxygen Species Generation Cardiac and Ros Generation

: Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) have emerged as an important mechanism of disease and redox signaling in the cardiovascular system. Under basal or pathological conditions, electron leakage for ROS production is primarily mediated by the electron transport chain and the proton motive force consisting of a membrane potential ( ΔΨ ) and a proton gradient ( Δ pH). Several factors controlling ROS production in the mitochondria include flavin mononucleotide and flavin mononucleotide–binding domain of complex I, ubisemiquinone and quinone-binding domain of complex I, flavin adenine nucleotide–binding moiety and quinone-binding pocket of complex II, and unstable semiquinone mediated by the Q cycle of complex III. In mitochondrial complex I, specific cysteinyl redox domains modulate ROS production from the flavin mononucleotide moiety and iron–sulfur clusters. In the cardiovascular system, mitochondrial ROS have been linked to mediating the physiological effects of metabolic dilation and preconditioning-like mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel activation. Furthermore, oxidative post-translational modification by glutathione in complex I and complex II has been shown to affect enzymatic catalysis, protein–protein interactions, and enzyme-mediated ROS production. Conditions associated with oxidative or nitrosative stress, such as myocardial ischemia and reperfusion, increase mitochondrial ROS production via oxidative injury of complexes I and II and superoxide anion radical–induced hydroxyl radical production by aconitase. Further insight into cellular mechanisms by which specific redox post-translational modifications regulate ROS production in the mitochondria will enrich our understanding of redox signal transduction and identify new therapeutic targets for cardiovascular diseases in which oxidative stress perturbs normal redox signaling. ( Circ Res . 2014;114:524-537.) Physiological Roles of the Permeability Transition Pore
Catamenial pneumothorax: A population-based study

Study objective: To characterize the incidence, clinical features, and demographic characteristics of women with catamenial pneumothorax with the use of a large national database in the United States. Design: Retrospective case control study of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, Nationwide Inpatient Sample (HCUP-NIS) database between 2004 and 2014. Setting: Not applicable. Patients: Women, aged 18–50 years, who were diagnosed with a pneumothorax between 2004 and 2014. Intervention: Not applicable. Measurements: The cohort was constructed using the appropriate ICD-9 codes utilizing HCUP-NIS, checking for women with spontaneous and catamenial pneumothorax . Main results: Of a total 6234 women with spontaneous pneumothorax, 80 women (1.3%) had a diagnosis of catamenial pneumothorax. Women with catamenial pneumothorax were more likely to be black, have private insurance and be treated in an urban hospital. In addition, fewer patients in this group reported a history of tobacco consumption. Patients in the study group were more likely to have concomitant pelvic endometriosis, dysmenorrhea, and infertility. Compared to women with non-catamenial pneumothorax, those with catamenial pneumothorax were more frequently treated with thoracic drainage and underwent pleural and diaphragm biopsies. Conclusion: Catamenial pneumothorax is a rare entity with a distinct clinical profile. This condition is associated with pelvic endometriosis, has a predilection for surgical intervention and is associated with lower rates of smoking.
Nicotinic Receptor Interloop Proline Anchors (cid:2) 1- (cid:2) 2 and Cys loops in Coupling Agonist Binding to Channel Gating

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) mediate rapid excitatory synaptic transmission throughout the periph-eral and central nervous systems. They transduce binding of nerve-released ACh into opening of an intrinsic channel, yet the structural basis underlying transduction is not fully understood. Previous studies revealed a principal transduction pathway in which (cid:3) Arg 209 of the pre-M1 domain and (cid:3) Glu 45 of the (cid:2) 1 – (cid:2) 2 loop functionally link the two regions, positioning (cid:3) Val 46 of the (cid:2) 1 – (cid:2) 2 loop in a cavity formed by (cid:3) Pro 272 through (cid:3) Ser 269 of the M2 – M3 loop. Here we investigate contributions of residues within and proximal to this pathway using single-channel kinetic analysis, site-directed mutagenesis, and thermodynamic mutant cycle analysis. We fi nd that in contributing to channel gating, (cid:3) Val 46 and (cid:3) Val 132 of the signature Cys loop couple energetically to (cid:3) Pro 272. Furthermore, these residues are optimized in both their size and hydrophobicity to mediate rapid and effi cient channel gating, suggesting naturally occurring substitutions at these positions enable a diverse range of gating rate constants among the Cys-loop receptor superfamily. The overall results indicate that (cid:3) Pro 272 functionally couples to fl anking Val residues extending from the (cid:2) 1 – (cid:2) 2 and Cys loops within the ACh binding to channel opening transduction pathway.
A PADRONIZAÇÃO DAS POLÍTICAS DE DESENVOLVIMENTO NA AMAZÔNIA THE STANDARDIZATION OF DEVELOPMENT POLICIES IN THE AMAZON

Based on strong standardization of the public policies implemented by the State in the Amazon it can be affirmed that the trajectory of these policies has resulted in the exclusion of a significant portion of the rural population brasileira. From the previous statement is that this work has as its objective to address the different trajectories adopted by the State in the Amazon, having as its point of departure the credit policies of the PROCERA and PRONAF during the years of 1996 to 1999 in the mesoregion of northeast paraense in order to better understand this bias padronizador contained in the actions of the State. The results of the analysis allow us to say that the State has not yet managed to break the bonds with the model of standardization of policies established in the country, which has always ended up pointing to criteria, strictly, economic in terms of the establishment of programas.
String algorithms and data structures

The string-matching field has grown at a such complicated stage that various issues come into play when studying it: data structure and algorithmic design, database principles, compression techniques, architectural features, cache and prefetching policies. The expertise nowadays required to design good string data structures and algorithms is therefore transversal to many computer science fields and much more study on the orchestration of known, or novel, techniques is needed to make progress in this fascinating topic. This survey is aimed at illustrating the key ideas which should constitute, in our opinion, the current background of every index designer. We also discuss the positive features and drawback of known indexing schemes and algorithms, and devote much attention to detail research issues and open problems both on the theoretical and the experimental side.
Problems of identification in information systems

Research relevance The use of GPS for UAVs to determine their current coordinates (navigation) leads to a number of problems. The development and improvement of the autonomous navigation method without the use of GPS is an actual issue, and this issue is considered in the article. The subject of study in the article is the issue of UAVs navigation based on video images. The purpose of work to develop an algorithm for autonomous navigation of UAVs that requires less resources. The following tasks are solved in the article: software modules are developed based on image processing algorithms; suitable model for invariant identification of curves was studied and applied. The following results were obtained: an algorithm was developed for the invariant identification of winding roads (curves) without intersections from different angles; developed software modules have been tested in the Republic of Azerbaijan on the basis of a map of the region called "Agsu Pass". Conclusions: the application of the method proposed in the article will enable rotation-invariant autonomous navigation of UAVs using less resources.
A Study of High-Frequency Q (super -1) Lg in the Crust of South Korea

Knowledge of the value of \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(Q_{Lg}^{-1}\) \end{document} is very important not only for scientific research but also for practical field research. We first measured the \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(Q_{Lg}^{-1}\) \end{document} of South Korea by applying the coda normalization method to long-period recorded seismograms at four stations deployed by the Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources. We analyzed 345 seismograms of 50 earthquakes that occurred between January 1999 to May 2002. The hypocentral distances range between 155 and 400 km. The regression of the plots of \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(Q_{Lg}^{-1}\) \end{document} shows frequency dependence, which decreases from (1.4 ± 1.0) × 10–3 at 1.5 Hz to (0.3 ± 0.1) × 10–3 at 24 Hz. If we fit a power law depending on frequency, the best-fit line for \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(Q_{Lg}^{-1}\) \end{document} is 0.0018 f –0.54. This value generally agrees with those of seismically inactive regions.