Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
150 mW unsaturated output power at 3 µm from a single-mode-fiber erbium cascade laser

We report on an erbium cascade laser in a fluorozirconate fiber. Lasing on the transition 4I11/2 -> 4I13/2 at 2.71 µm is supported by colasing on the transition 4S3/2 -> 4I9/2 at 1.72 µm. This recycles the excitation that is lost via excited-state absorption and avoids the saturation of the output power. Threshold at 2.71 µm is 33 mW launched pump power at 791 nm. The measured slope efficiency of 22.6% is relatively close to the 29.1% stokes-efficiency limit. An output power of 158 mW is obtained, limited only by the 1.43 W power available from the Ti:sapphire pump laser. Output power is 15 and slope efficiency 2.5 times higher than reported in previous publications.
Wavelet detection of low observable targets within sea clutter

We observe scattering events in the Doppler domain via a continuous wavelet transform (CWT). By minimising the uncertainty in velocity and time, the dominant event in the non-stationary instantaneous Doppler spectrum can be isolated. Considering the returns to be discrete in nature leads to a physically motivated detection statistic termed 'persistence' that measures the observed lifetime of the scatterers. A Doppler detection scheme is formulated at low velocities within the clutter spectrum, an area neglected by current Doppler filtering. When operated on real data containing an oil drum target, results appear to be complementary to simple intensity thresholding; this suggests detection is made on secondary effects such as wake disturbance.
Weak target detection using the entropy concept

Entropy and its generalization, the Kuliback-Leibler measure can be useful in characterizing the relationships that exist between measurements. The relationships that exist when a target is present provide a means of distinguishing these measurements from a set of measurements due to noise alone. We utilize these ideas in developing a detection procedure that first develops a score based on measurements using the Significance Test and then calculates the relationship between the measurements. This relationship is the "effective number" of measurements entering into the Significance Test score and is computed from the entropy of the normalized measurements; both a high score and "effective number" are needed for a detection. The "effective number" is used to discriminate against false detections, i.e., high scores, caused by a relatively few, strong, noisy measurements. We compare the performance of this detector to more conventional detectors in the problem of detecting a target in Weibull clutter.
Distribution Network Expansion Planning Approach for Large Scale Electric Vehicles Accommodation

The increased power demand incurred by electric vehicles (EVs) has imposed new challenges on the distribution network. One significant responsibility of the distribution network operator (DNO) is to design and expand the distribution network periodically to accommodate the ever-increasing demand. The previous researches mainly use relaxation techniques to enhance the problem tractability, which would involve additional binary variables and incur computation burden to the optimization problem, or even worse, may lead to an intractable problem. This paper develops a mixed-integer non-linear programming (MINLP) model considering various network constraints for the distribution network expansion planning under a high penetration level of EVs. The stochastic characteristics of demands are addressed through set of scenarios. A distributed biased min-consensus algorithm based approach is proposed to solve the MINLP model. Finally, comparison tests are conducted on three different scales of distribution networks to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Simulation results demonstrate that the computation time of the proposed approach is reduced by 42.46% on average for different systems compared with that of the traditional shortest path algorithm based approach.
Ex vivo venetoclax sensitivity testing predicts treatment response in acute myeloid leukemia

The BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax has revolutionized the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in patients not benefiting from intensive chemotherapy. Nevertheless, treatment failure remains a challenge, and predictive markers are needed, particularly for relapsed or refractory AML. Ex vivo drug sensitivity testing may correlate with outcomes, but its prospective predictive value remains unexplored. Here we report the results of the first stage of the prospective phase II VenEx trial evaluating the utility and predictiveness of venetoclax sensitivity testing using different cell culture conditions and cell viability assays in patients receiving venetoclax-azacitidine. Participants with de novo AML ineligible for intensive chemotherapy, relapsed or refractory AML, or secondary AML were included. The primary endpoint was the treatment response in participants showing ex vivo sensitivity and the key secondary endpoints were the correlation of sensitivity with responses and survival. Venetoclax sensitivity testing was successful in 38/39 participants. Experimental conditions significantly influenced the predictive accuracy. Blast-specific venetoclax sensitivity measured in conditioned medium most accurately correlated with treatment outcomes; 88% of sensitive participants achieved a treatment response. The median survival was significantly longer for participants who were ex vivo-sensitive to venetoclax (14.6 months for venetoclax-sensitive patients vs. 3.5 for venetoclax-insensitive patients, P<0.001). This analysis illustrates the feasibility of integrating drug-response profiling into clinical practice and demonstrates excellent predictivity. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04267081
Gap size and shear history dependencies in shear thickening of a suspension ordered at rest

An investigation is made of the flow properties of a suspension of uniform 197 nm diameter spheres at a volume fraction of 0.50 dialyzed to equilibrium against 10−3 M KCl which displayed long‐range orientational order at rest. In wide gap rheometers (i.e., tool gaps ≥0.5 mm), microstructures and flow properties are similar to those seen in many suspensions which are ordered at rest. Low shear rate response is found to be independent of rheometer tool gap down to 4.5 μm. However, the shear rate marking the onset of thickening is a decreasing function of rheometer tool gap for gaps smaller than 15 μm. These results are consistent with abrupt shear thickening seen in dense suspensions containing uniform particles arising from the formation of percolating clusters produced during shear melting.
The Formation and Structure of Vortex Rings

A preliminary examination was made of the formation and structure of the classical vortex ring. It is inferred from the experimental evidence that the configuration is not a true ring, but a layer of disperse fluid rolled about a circular axis. The stability of this pseudo-ring was found to be a result of the stability of its two rolled layers. The evidence suggests that a thin layer of fluid demarcated by two surfaces of discontinuity of opposite vorticity is relatively stable. A qualitative investigation was made of the flow patterns within the structure, but no attempt was made to relate velocities to ring geometry or to the physical characteristics of the ambient fluid.
An Updated Catalog of Rayed Craters on Mars

Martian meteorites represent the only samples of Mars available for study in terrestrial laboratories. In addition to their crystallization and surface ejection ages, these samples provide a detailed understanding of the geochemistry of the martian crust. One of the major outstanding problems regarding martian meteorites is locating the exact source regions on Mars, although the composition and texture of these meteorites limits the source craters to mostly igneous provinces. To help find source craters, we present an updated global catalog of impact craters greater than 3 km diameter with thermally distinct radial patterns (“rays”), which could represent recent impact events. We defined search criteria for identifying rayed craters, assigning a confidence level to each crater, and noted the presence or absence of associated secondary craters. Using daytime and nighttime thermal infrared image data we identified 118 craters with thermally distinct radial patterns between ±60° latitude, of which 89 had not appeared in previous catalogs. We discuss some potential uses of this new catalog in terms of understanding the morphology, location, and composition of each crater. Our preliminary analysis demonstrates the potential future use of this catalog in finding the source location of martian meteorites in regions of sufficient thermal contrast.
Voyage au bout de la traduction automatique

Des outils de traduction automatique, dont certains sont très performants, sont mis gratuitement à la disposition du public ; cette réalité est à prendre en considération dans l'enseignement de la traduction. L'étude qui suit porte sur une série de phrases extraites de l'oeuvre de Louis-Ferdinand Céline et relevant de la langue parlée, voire populaire, ou présentant un caractère proverbial. Sept moteurs de traduction automatique (Bing Microsoft Translator, DeepL, Google Translate, Promt, Reverso, Systran et Yandex) ont été testés à plusieurs reprises et à partir de postes de travail différents pour traduction vers l'anglais (britannique, dans les cas où cette option est offerte). L'examen des traductions proposées par ces sept moteurs permet de constater l'absence fréquente de stabilité dans les traductions proposées ; il permet également d'identifier les points faibles des systèmes moyennant une première analyse des erreurs de compréhension et de traduction.
Optical properties of the deep Mn acceptor in GaN:Mn

The optical and electrical properties of Mn-doped epitaxial GaN were studied. Low-temperature optical absorption measurements indicate the presence of a Mn-related band with a well-resolved fine structure. The zero-phonon line is at 1.418±0.002 eV with a full width at half maximum of 20±1 meV. Two pseudolocal vibrational modes associated with manganese were observed with energies of hv1=20 and hv2=73 meV. Deep-level optical spectroscopy measurements on lightly Mn-doped samples indicate that Mn forms a deep acceptor level at Ev+1.42 eV. Using the vacuum referred binding energy model for transition metals and the measured Mn energy level, the electron affinity of GaN is calculated to be 3.4 eV, which agrees well with experimental values.
Distinct signaling signatures drive compensatory proliferation via S-phase acceleration

Regeneration relies on cell proliferation to restore damaged tissues. Multiple signaling pathways activated by local or paracrine cues have been identified to promote regenerative proliferation. How different types of tissue damage may activate distinct signaling pathways and how these differences converge on regenerative proliferation is less well defined. To better understand how tissue damage and proliferative signals are integrated during regeneration, we investigate models of compensatory proliferation in Drosophila imaginal discs. We find that compensatory proliferation is associated with a unique cell cycle profile, which is characterized by short G1 and G2 phases and, surprisingly, by acceleration of the S-phase. S-phase acceleration can be induced by two distinct signaling signatures, aligning with inflammatory and non-inflammatory tissue damage. Specifically, non-autonomous activation of JAK/STAT and Myc in response to inflammatory damage, or local activation of Ras/ERK and Hippo/Yki in response to elevated cell death, promote accelerated nucleotide incorporation during S-phase. This previously unappreciated convergence of different damaging insults on the same regenerative cell cycle program reconciles previous conflicting observations on proliferative signaling in different tissue regeneration and tumor models.
Laser micromachining of organic LEDs

OLED lighting is expected to be one of the fastest growing markets in the area of organic electronics. The state of the art production is mainly based on vacuum deposition processes, which, in order to simplify the material handling, will most probably be embedded in a roll-to-roll environment. While reducing the handling costs also implies challenges to the patterning of the several OLED layers. Laser micromachining applying ultra-short pulsed laser sources has the potential to fully satisfy the requirements. Within this paper the latest findings on the separate scribing steps P1, P2 and P3 will be presented.
Canonical transformations to warped surfaces: Correction of aberrated optical images

The projection of optical images on warped screens is a canonical transformation of phase space between flat and warped evolution-parameter surfaces. In mechanics, the evolution parameter is time; in geometric optics it is the optical axis of coordinate space. We consider the specific problem of bringing to focus an axis-symmetric aberrating optical system by warping the output screen. The solution for the surface curvature coefficients is given in terms of the Lie aberration coefficients of the system; a linear optimization strategy applies.
Effects of Two-Phase Treatment with Functional Appliances Followed by Extraction versus One-Phase Treatment with Extraction in Class II Growing Patients: A Case–Control Study

Objectives: Fixed appliance treatment with premolar extraction is often required after functional appliance treatment to relieve crowding and improve facial aesthetics in the Asian population. This study compared the treatment efficacy of two approaches for treating Class II division 1 malocclusion: functional appliance followed by fixed appliance treatment with extraction (two-phase) and fixed appliance treatment with extraction (one-phase). Methods: Growing skeletal Class II patients with an overjet of ≥6 mm treated with two- or one-phase orthodontics were included. The two groups consisted of 29 patients (mean age = 12.55) and 30 patients (mean age = 12.72), respectively. Pre- and post-treatment cephalograms were analysed and skeletal, dental, and soft tissue characteristics were compared using independent t-tests. Treatment changes were compared within and between groups using paired and independent t-tests, respectively. Stepwise discriminant analysis was performed to identify the variables that best predicted pre-treatment group allocations. Results: At baseline, there were no significant between-group differences in age, gender, cervical vertebral maturation, or overjet. The two-phase group had greater Class II skeletal discrepancies (ANB angle and Wits appraisal). During treatment, the two-phase group showed greater improvements in intermaxillary relationship and facial convexity compared with the one-phase group (p < 0.01). Following treatment, the two-phase group had a greater L1/APog distance (p < 0.05). Facial convexity and Wits appraisal were identified as parameters significantly influencing the clinicians’ decision to use a one- or two-phase approach. Conclusions: In patients requiring premolar extraction, two-phase (vs. one-phase) treatment produced greater improvements in the intermaxillary relationship and facial convexity.
Uncertainty quantification in quantum informed ferroelectric phase field model

The uncertainty of a set of phenomenological ferroelectric phase field parameters are determined from a set of density function theory calculations. Bayesian statistics are employed and numerically implemented using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique. Computational DFT data for periodic unit cells and domain wall structures is included in the analysis to identify a broader range of phase field material parameters. This allow for determining a Landau-based stored energy function, electrostrictive coupling, and polarization gradient parameters governing domain wall energy and length. We focus on the tetragonal phase ferroelectric lead titanate which may contain 180◦ and 90◦ domains walls. The comparison of the phenomenological phase field model and DFT computations illustrate good correlations and relatively small propagation of error in prediction of the continuum stored energy function. Larger uncertainty is observed in the electrostrictive stress and domain wall predictions. The larger uncertainty in the electrostrictive parameters is reduced by decoupling the stored energy and stress computations. This leads to a factor of three reduction in the standard deviation of the electrostrictive parameters. Challenges in self-consistent prediction of domain structure energies and sizes is also discussed in light of the Bayesian statistical analysis.
Effective viscosity of nanoscale colloidal suspensions

A comprehensive model for predicting the effective viscosity of dilute suspensions of nanoscale colloidal particles is presented in this work. The physics of complex interparticle interaction mechanisms is considered in details to characterize the rheological features of the suspension (nanofluid), expressed in terms of the effective viscosity variations as functions of the particle fraction. This is accomplished by addressing the details of the agglomeration-deagglomeration kinetics in a spatio-temporally evolving manner, in tune with the pertinent variations in the effective particulate dimensions, volume fractions, as well as the aggregate structure of the particulate system. Detailed analysis of the results reveals a profound influence of the combined particle agglomeration and breakup features as well as the interparticle interaction potentials on the rheological characteristics of the nanofluid. Predictions from the model agree well with the experimental results reported in the literature.
Quantum‐Error‐Rejection for Hyperentanglement Transmission without Calibrated Reference Frames

In quantum communication, the channel noise and the misalignment of the reference frames between the communication parties will lead to the failure of quantum state transmission. Here an alignment‐free spatial‐polarization hyperentanglement transmission scheme is provided for hyperentangled photons. In this scheme, before the spatial‐polarization hyperentanglement is transmitted through the fiber channel, it is first encoded as a time‐bin entanglement with the same polarization. After the photons pass through the noise channel, the polarization errors caused by reference frames misalignment and channel noise can be corrected by time‐bin entanglement. In principle, by implementing this scheme, the communication parties can share the original hyperentangled state, and the success probability can approach unity. The scheme is robust to random channel noise and reference frames misalignment, and the decoherence effect caused by the misalignment of the reference frames between the communication parties can be completely suppressed by implementing this scheme.
Consensus and performance optimisation of multi-agent systems with position-only information via impulsive control

In this study, the consensus problem of second-order multi-agent systems (MAS) with position-only information is studied. Allowable sampling period for which second-order consensus can be achieved is obtained with two impulsive consensus algorithms. It is shown that if there is at least one eigenvalue of the Laplcian matrix with a non-zero imaginary part, consensus cannot be achieved for sufficiently small or large impulsive periods for both algorithms. Furthermore, the convergence performance of the MAS is optimised. Convergence speed, asymptotical decay factor and per-step decay factor of the error energy are utilised to investigate the convergence performance, and the relationship among impulsive period, topology structure and convergence performance is derived. Finally, numerical examples are given to validate our theoretical results.
Spectral Super-Resolution Based on Dictionary Optimization Learning via Spectral Library

Extensive works have been reported in hyperspectral images (HSIs) and multispectral images (MSIs) fusion to raise the spatial resolution of HSIs. However, the limited acquisition of HSIs has been an obstacle to such approaches. Spectral super-resolution (SSR) of MSI is a challenging and less investigated topic, which can also provide high-resolution synthetic HSIs. To deal with this high ill-posedness problem, we perform super-resolution enhancement of MSIs in the spectral domain by incorporating a spectral library as a priori. First, an aligned spectral library, which maps the open-source spectral library to a specific spectral library created for the reconstructed HR HSI, is represented. An intermediate latent HSI is obtained by fusing the spatial information from MSI and the hyperspectral information from a specific spectral library. Then, we use low-rank attribute embedding to transfer latent HSI into a robust subspace. Finally, a low-rank HSI dictionary representing the hyperspectral information is learned from the latent HSI. The adaptive sparse coefficient of MSI is obtained with a nonnegative constraint. By fusing these two terms, we get the final HR HSI. The proposed SSR model does not require any pretraining stages. We confirm the validity and superiority of our proposed SSR algorithm by comparing it with several benchmark state-of-the-art approaches on different datasets.
Use of the Parcel Buoyancy Minimum (Bmin) to Diagnose Simulated Thermodynamic Destabilization. Part I: Methodology and Case Studies of MCS Initiation Environments

AbstractA method based on parcel theory is developed to quantify mesoscale physical processes responsible for the removal of inhibition energy for convection initiation (CI). Convection-permitting simulations of three mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) initiating in differing environments are then used to demonstrate the method and gain insights on different ways that mesoscale thermodynamic destabilization can occur.Central to the method is a thermodynamic quantity Bmin, which is the buoyancy minimum experienced by an air parcel lifted from a specified height. For the cases studied, vertical profiles of Bmin using air parcels originating at different heights are qualitatively similar to corresponding profiles of convective inhibition (CIN). Though it provides less complete information than CIN, an advantage of using Bmin is that it does not require vertical integration, which simplifies budget calculations that enable attribution of the thermodynamic destabilization to specific physical processes. For a.
Choosing an Optimal Switching Moment on the Financial Market with Alternative Strategies (Semimartingale Approach)

Let the investor operate with bonds and stocks on the financial market. We fix the interval [0,T] and suppose that once during this period of time the investor is able to choose between two alternative portfolios or, in other words, to switch his strategy. It is assumed that both portfolios are governed by linear stochastic differential equations. We look for an optimal switching moment using the theory of "turning" stopping times.
Estimation Methods for Models of Spatial Interaction

Abstract Autoregressive models for spatial interaction have been proposed by several authors (Whittle [15] and Mead [11], for example). In the past, computational difficulties with the ML approach have led to the use of alternative estimators. In this article, a simplified computational scheme is given and extended to mixed regressive-autoregressive models. The ML estimator is compared with several alternatives.