Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Correspondência eficiente de descritores SIFT para construção de mapas densos de pontos homólogos em imagens de sensoriamento remoto

Metodos automaticos de localizacao de pontos homologos em imagens digitais baseados em area, combinados com tecnicas de crescimento de regiao, sao capazes de produzir uma malha densa e exata de pontos homologos. Entretanto, o processo de crescimento de regiao pode ser interrompido em regioes da imagem, cuja paralaxe no eixo horizontal apresenta variacao abrupta. Essa situacao geralmente e causada por uma descontinuidade na superficie ou espaco-objeto imageado, tal como um predio numa cena urbana ou um paredao de exploracao de uma mina a ceu aberto. Nesses casos, novos pares de pontos homologos (sementes) devem ser introduzidos, normalmente por um operador humano, a partir dos quais o processo e reiniciado. Dependendo do tipo da imagem utilizada e da estrutura 3D da regiao mapeada, a intervencao humana pode ser consideravel. Uma alternativa totalmente automatizada em que se combinam as tecnicas SIFT (Scale Invariant Feature Transform), pareamento por minimos quadrados e crescimento de regiao foi proposta anteriormente pelos autores. O presente trabalho apresenta uma extensao a essa tecnica. Basicamente, propoem-se alteracoes na etapa de correspondencia do SIFT, que exploram caracteristicas de estereogramas produzidos por sensores aereos e orbitais. Avaliacoes experimentais demonstram que as modificacoes propostas trazem dois tipos de beneficios. Em primeiro lugar, obtem-se um aumento do numero de pontos homologos encontrados, sem aumento correspondente na proporcao de falsas correspondencias. Em segundo lugar, a carga computacional e reduzida substancialmente.
Impact of the Cu Current Collector Grade and Ink Solid Fraction on the Electrochemical Performance of Silicon‐Based Electrodes for Li‐Ion Batteries

The influence of the Cu current collector grade (cold-rolled, annealed, or textured) and the ink solid fraction (SF) on the performance of Si-based electrodes for Li-ion batteries is investigated. Two binders are considered for this study: one of carboxymethylcellulose and citric acid, and the other which consists of the same organic components with added Zn(II) cations. These ones crosslink the carboxylate moieties through coordination bonds. The fracture behavior and cyclability of the Zn-free electrodes show a strong dependence on the Cu current collector grade. For this formulation, which has lower cohesion, the increase in electrode adhesion from the roughening of the surface of the current collector and/or the decrease of the current collector yield strength contribute to mitigate the electrode mechanical damage, therefore improving its cyclability. Such a dependence is not observed for the Zn cross-linked electrodes which have a higher cohesion. Regarding the impact of the ink solid fraction, when a higher SF is used, the capacity retention and coulombic efficiency are enhanced for both formulations, though much more significantly for the Zn-free formulation. The underlying
Co-benefits of biomass and biodiversity in a protected mountain forest of West Java, Indonesia

Tropical mountain forests are relatively less disturbed and store a large amount of carbon in tree biomass. A high level of species diversity compared to the boreal and temperate forests is also maintained and indicates a positive relationship with tree biomass on a small scale or at plot level. This study aimed to estimate above-ground biomass stocks (AGB) and disentangle the influence of forest structure and attributes on AGB in a small mountain forest. Forty 400 m² plots were randomly established in Takokak Nature Reserve (TNR), a 60-ha protected area at an elevation between 1150-1560 m a.s. l. , located in West Java, Indonesia. All trees within the plot were identified, and their respective diameter at breast height (DBH) was measured. AGB was calculated using a global allometric model. Five independent variables, i.e. , stem density, stem density of large trees (DBH >50 cm), community weighted mean wood density, rarefied species richness, and Fisher’s alpha index, were analysed using a linear model. Our results showed that AGB in TNR was comparable to other forest types in Indonesia and acted as carbon storage in the mountain regions. AGB in the TNR reached 486 Mg ha -1 , of which 75% was contributed by large trees (DBH >50 cm). Three species, i.e. , Liquidambar excelsa (Altingiaceae) , Schima wallichii (Theaceae), and Lithocarpus sp. (Fagaceae), represent at least 70% of the total biomass in the study site. We also found that forest structures and traits, i.e. , stem density, stem density of large trees, and community weighted mean wood density, drive AGB variations but not tree diversity indices. However, although diversity indices were not correlated to AGB, we found that TNR is home for endemic and threatened species on the IUCN Red List. Therefore, we suggest that the management strategies of the tropical forests should include both the conservation of the carbon stock and biodiversity.
Vertically polarized waves in inhomogeneous media with critical coupling regions, energy conservation, and reciprocity relationships

Using a generalized WKB approach rigorous full wave solutions are derived for the electromagnetic fields for vertically polarized waves propagating through inhomogeneous dielectric media with critical coupling regions. Both the real and imaginary parts of the permittivity profile are assumed to vary in the horizontally stratified media. The generalized WKB solutions are consistent with energy conservation and reciprocity relationships in electromagnetic theory. The reflection and transmission coefficients and the related characteristic surface impedance for inhomogeneous layers of finite thickness are computed as functions of the transverse wave number for several permittivity profiles. Excitation of propagating and evanescent waves are considered. For the trapped waveguide modes of the inhomogeneous layer the reciprocal of the reflection coefficient vanishes and the layer is characterized by a surface impedance. Some special permittivity profiles for which closed form analytic solutions of the electromagnetic fields are known are also considered. Computations derived from these closed form solutions are shown to be in good agreement with computations based on the generalized WKB solutions.
Identification of non-linear systems using correlation analysis and pseudorandom inputs

Algorithms for the identification of open- and closed-loop non-linear systems composed of linear dynamic and static non-linear elements are developed. It is shown that correlation analysis based upon compound pseudorandom inputs provides estimates of the individual component subsystems. The selection of pseudorandom inputs is discussed and simulated examples are included.
Correlations and anomalous transport effects related to stochastic instability

In this paper, we analyse turbulent transport in the framework of the correlation approach to obtain the effective diffusion coefficient and characteristic increment in the scaling form. Such factors as anisotropy, seed diffusion mechanisms and reconstruction of flow topology significantly have an impact on the effective diffusivity. We consider the different aspects of stochastic instability such as the decorrelation mechanism to estimate characteristic correlation times and correlation scales in the framework of the scaling approach. The topics to be discussed include the Rechester–Rosenbluth correlation scalings, percolation transport in time dependent flows, anisotropic MHD spectra and a multi-scale approach to the analysis of anomalous transport. To treat long-range correlation effects, the percolation renormalization is analysed in time-dependent regimes. In the framework of the multiscale approach, a scaling for an increment of the stochastic instability in two-dimensional random flow is suggested.
A Cluster’s Last Stand: The Death of Palomar 13

We present a proper-motion, CCD photometric study of stars in the distant halo globular cluster Palomar 13. The absolute proper motion of Pal 13 with respect to the background galaxies, derived from moderate-scale photographic plates separated by a 40 year baseline, is (μα cos δ, μδ) = (2.30, 0.27) ± (0.26, 0.25) mas yr-1. The resultant total space velocity (315 km s-1) implies that Pal 13 is in the inner part of its orbit near perigalacticon. Orbital integration reveals that the cluster possesses an inclined, very eccentric, retrograde orbit. These data confirm that Pal 13 is a paradigm "young halo" globular cluster. The derived proper motions for cluster stars are used to produce membership probabilities and a cleaned CCD UBV catalog for Pal 13. With this data set we have made small revisions to Pal 13's distance, metallicity, position, and light profile. The membership of four previously reported RR Lyrae variables and a disproportionately large group of blue straggler stars is confirmed. As expected, the blue stragglers are centrally concentrated. The small size of this cluster, combined with the shape of its light profile, which shows a clear departure from a classical King function beyond the tidal radius, suggests that Pal 13 is in the final throes of destruction. This could explain the large blue straggler specific frequency, as destructive processes would preferentially strip less massive stars.
Optimal Trajectory Planning for Parallel Robots Considering Time-Jerk

A method for optimization in trajectory planning of 3RUU robot manipulators is presented in this paper. At first, to get the optimal trajectory, position analyses has been done on the 3RUU robot, then an objective function which have two terms is minimized: first term relevant to the total execution time and another one relevant to the integral of the squared jerk (defined as the derivative of the acceleration toward time) along the trajectory and this Guarantees that the obtained trajectory is smooth. This technique let to calculate the kinematic constraints on the motion of the robot, defined as upper limits on the absolute values of velocity, acceleration and jerk. , the total execution time does not require to be set priori. The algorithm has been tested in simulation and in comparison with other important trajectory planning techniques it has been given good results.
The appearance of the white primary patch in adult Swedish males of the Common Nightjar Caprimulgus europaeus

In the family Caprimulgidae it is not uncommon to have a white primary patch, especially among males. The Common Nightjar is one of the species where the males show this plumage detail. Apparently, the patch has a sexual function during courtship and other similar display activities. The patch is formed by white markings on the distal parts (about 50 mm from the tip) of primaries (rarely 7), 8, 9 and 10, numbered descendantly. According to the literature the size of this patch varies in a cline over the species' range (through nearly the whole middle and southern parts of the Palearctic region). The patch is reported to be small in the west of the area and larger eastwards. The three outer primaries (8-10) all have white on the inner web. What seems to differ, among populations and subspecies over the range, is if there exists any white on the outer webs of p8-p9 and even the amount of white. We are conducting a study of museum material that will deal with this issue in a larger geographical context (Asteling & Strandberg in prep.). In this paper we will only describe the issue and comment on the information given in the new “standard handbooks”. We also describe the appearance of the patch of birds breeding on the Swedish west coast and point to some inconsistencies with the information given in the handbooks of Cramp (1985), Glutz & Bauer (1980) and Fry et al. (1988), and the recent family monograph on Caprimulgidae and allies by Cleere & Nurney (1998). Study area and materials
Improving the Accuracy of High Resolution Image Data Products Using Kalman Filter

To estimate the spacecraft attitude, Kalman filter based approach is being discussed in the paper. It is a discrete time sequential, mean square sense optimal estimator that uses the ground control point observable. In the approach, polynomial model in time is fitted for the attitude time series of the satellite. The coefficients of the polynomial thus obtained are modified at each step (ground control point observable) using an optimal Kalman filter. Thus the objective is to update the coefficients of the attitude vector and hence update the orientation parameters of the spacecraft. The approach requires apriori estimate of the coefficients, which can be obtained by fitting the polynomials to attitude time series. By using this approach, we had been able to achieve the desirable accuracy for the high-resolution satellite with four strips and working in step and stare mode.
Systematic Adjustments of Hydrographic Sections for Internal Consistency

Abstract A significant legacy of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) is the large number of high quality, high-resolution, full-depth, transoceanic hydrographic sections occupied starting in the mid-1980s. The section data provide an unprecedented survey of World Ocean water properties. Most stations sampled pressure, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and nutrients (nitrate, phosphate, and silicic acid) at up to 36 depths. While the WOCE Hydrographic Program (WHP) strenuously advocated employing standardized measurement techniques on all sections, small but significant systematic differences among cruise legs are found. A simple method for adjusting measurements to maximize internal consistency is presented and applied to available WOCE data in the Pacific Basin. First, the sections are broken into distinct cruise legs between port stops. Then, crossovers are identified where two different cruise legs cross or approach each other. Using hydrographic data from each cruise leg near each cro.
What was supernova 1988Z

Spectroscopy and photometry of the type II supernova SN 1988Z are presented. This supernova was most unusual. Its characteristics include a high luminosity at maximum light, unusually slow fading at late times, and strong narrow emission lines arising from dense circumstellar material. Broad emission features with V ∼ 10000 km/s persisted for over a year and no absorption lines or P-Cygni profiles were observed, which is also exceptional for a type II supernova.
An analysis of the spectrum of mars

On a high-dispersion spectrogram of Mars taken at Mount Wilson rotational lines of H_2O near λ 8300 and CO_2 near λ 8700 have been detected. Recent laboratory measurements of line strengths by D. Rank have been used to determine the amounts of H_2O and CO_2 in the atmosphere of Mars: 14 ± 7 μ precipitable water and 55 ± 20 m atm CO_2. From the absence of O_2 in the Martian spectra, we set an upper limit of 70 cm atm for the O_2 content. By suitably combining the CO_2 amount with observations by Kuiper and Sinton of the strongly saturated bands in the 2-μ. region, a surface pressure of 25 ± 15 mb has been derived. The implications of the results on the composition of the Martian atmosphere are discussed.
Time–frequency signal analysis of flow pulsation in siphon outlet conduit based on HHT considering the pump‐conduit interaction

The unsteady three‐dimensional numerical simulation calculation of the vertical axial flow pump device is performed based on CFD to examine the pressure pulsation and energy distribution features of the water flow within the siphon outlet conduit (SOC) under the hydraulic coupling of the pump and the flow conduit. The pressure pulsation signals (PPS) of monitoring points are decomposed using the Hilbert–Huang approach via empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and Hilbert spectrum analysis. The results show that the PPS of monitoring points of the SOC has no obvious periodicity. The low‐frequency range below 20 Hz serves as the primary frequency, and the energy ratio of the high‐frequency signal above 700 Hz is less than 1%. Under the condition of a small flow rate 0.3Qbep, there is obvious high‐frequency pulsation above 500 Hz at the inlet of the upstream section of the SOC, and there are periodic components distributed around 200 Hz. The energy of the pressure pulsation is primarily focused in the low‐frequency range below 40 Hz at the SOC outlet section. The PPS at the top and bottom monitoring points of the hump section are consistent, and the pressure pulsation energy (PPE) is mainly concentrated in the low frequency below 40 Hz. In both the big flow condition (1.2Qbep) and the optimal flow condition (1.0Qbep), the PPE of the monitoring points at the top of the hump section is distributed in the middle and low‐frequency band below 40 Hz, and the energy of monitoring points at the bottom of the hump section is concentrated in the low‐frequency band below 20 Hz, accounting for more than 70%. When the flow rate increases from 0.3Qbep to 1.2Qbep, the peak value of the pressure pulsation coefficient at the main frequency of each monitoring point at the top of the hump section changes little, and the peak value of the pressure pulsation coefficient at the main frequency of each monitoring point at the bottom increases first and then decreases. From the upstream section to the hump section of the SOC, the average frequency of each intrinsic mode function (IMF) of the PPS under different flow conditions shows an overall increasing trend. From the hump section of the SOC to its outlet, the average frequency of each IMF of the PPS decreases under the conditions of 1.0Qbep and 1.2Qbep, and there is no obvious change under the condition of 0.3Qbep.
Behavior of sensitivities in the one-dimensional advection-dispersion equation: Implications for parameter estimation and sampling design

The spatial and temporal variability of sensitivities has a significant impact on parameter estimation and sampling design for studies of solute transport in porous media. Physical insight into the behavior of sensitivities is offered through an analysis of analytically derived sensitivities for the one-dimensional form of the advection-dispersion equation. When parameters are estimated in regression models of one-dimensional transport, the spatial and temporal variability in sensitivities influences variance and covariance of parameter estimates. Several principles account for the observed influence of sensitivities on parameter uncertainty. (1) Information about a physical parameter may be most accurately gained at points in space and time with a high sensitivity to the parameter. (2) As the distance of observation points from the upstream boundary increases, maximum sensitivity to velocity during passage of the solute front increases and the consequent estimate of velocity tends to have lower variance. (3) The frequency of sampling must be “in phase” with the S shape of the dispersion sensitivity curve to yield the most information on dispersion. (4) The sensitivity to the dispersion coefficient is usually at least an order of magnitude less than the sensitivity to velocity. (5) The assumed probability distribution of random error in observations of solute concentration determines the form of the sensitivities. (6) If variance in random error in observations is large, trends in sensitivities of observation points may be obscured by noise and thus have limited value in predicting variance in parameter estimates among designs. (7) Designs that minimize the variance of one parameter may not necessarily minimize the variance of other parameters. (8) The time and space interval over which an observation point is sensitive to a given parameter depends on the actual values of the parameters in the underlying physical system.
Enhancement of the third-order optical nonlinearity in ZnO/Al2O3 nanolaminates fabricated by atomic layer deposition

We investigate the third-order optical nonlinearity in ZnO/Al2O3 nanolaminates fabricated by atomic layer deposition and show that the third-order optical nonlinearity can be enhanced by nanoscale engineering of the thin film structure. The grain size of the polycrystalline ZnO film is controlled by varying the thickness of the ZnO layers in the nanolaminate in which thin (∼2 nm) amorphous Al2O3 layers work as stopping layers for ZnO crystal growth. Nanoscale engineering enables us to achieve a third harmonic generated signal enhancement of ∼13 times from the optimized nanolaminate structure compared to a ZnO reference film of comparable thickness.
Complete boundary detection of textured objects via deformable models

Object recognition using the shape of objects boundaries and surface reconstruction using slice contours rely on the identification of the correct and complete boundary information of the segmented objects in the scene. Geometric deformable models (GDM) using the level sets method provide a very efficient framework for image segmentation. However, the segmentation results provided by these models are dependent on the contour initialization. Also, if there are textured objects in the scene, usually the incorrect boundaries are detected. In most cases where the strategy is to detect the correct boundary of all the objects in the scene, the results of the segmentation will only provide incomplete and/or inaccurate object's boundaries. In this work, we propose a new method to detect the correct boundary information of segmented objects, in particular textured objects. We use the average squared gradient to determine the appropriate initialization positions and by varying the size of the test regions we create multiple images, that we will call layers, to determine the appropriate boundaries.
Solar wind proton flux latitudinal variations: Comparison between Ulysses in situ data and indirect measurements from interstellar Lyman α mapping

We compare the solar wind proton flux latitude dependence derived in the past from the interstellar neutral H distribution in the inner heliosphere from Lyman α observations with recent in situ solar wind observations by Ulysses [Goldstein et al., 1995, Phillips et al., 1995, 1996, J.L. Phillips, private communication, 1996]. We find common features, such as a significant proton flux decrease with increasing heliographic latitude (about 30%) in the low-latitude regions and broad plateaus of low particle fluxes ( 2.0 - 2.5 x 10 8 protons cm -2 s -1 ) around the poles. We use our model of interstellar H distribution under the influence of a multiparameter, latitude dependent solar wind to investigate the effects of a solar wind distribution matching as closely as possible the south heliographic Ulysses observations. For the first time, multiple scattering is included in such an anisotropic model. The Ulysses-type wind is found to produce a secondary minimum of Lyman α intensity in the upwind direction, something already observed near solar minimum of activity. However, the modeled feature has a larger amplitude than the observed one, probably an indication of smoothing due to the combination of solar rotation and waviness of the neutral sheet. The total solar wind particle flux and the full Sum-averaged ionization rate of the interstellar neutral H are estimated in various cases. For identical equatorial and polar fluxes, the existence of broad plateaus results in a significant reduction of the average neutral H ionization (and then of the ionization cavity) when comparing with models using a classical harmonic dependence with latitude. As a result, the downwind cavity is less depleted. This may partially explain some discrepancies between the expected and observed Lyman α emissions from the interplanetary hydrogen cavity, in particular, the excess of emission from the downwind cavity compared with the classical model.