Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Iterative summation of path integrals for nonequilibrium molecular quantum transport

I. Institut fur Theoretische Physik, Universitat Hamburg, D-20355 Hamburg, Germany(Dated: February1,2012)We formulate and apply a nonperturbative numerical approach to the nonequilibrium current,I(V),throughavoltage-biasedmolecularconductor. Wefocusonasingleelectroniclevelcoupledto an unequilibrated vibration mode (Anderson-Holstein model), which can be mapped to an ef-fective three-state problem. Performing an iterative summation of real-time path integral (ISPI)expressions, we accurately reproduce known analytical results in three diﬀerent limits. We thenstudythecrossoverregimebetweenthoselimitsandshowthattheFranck-Condonblockadepersistsinthequantum-coherentlow-temperaturelimit,withanonequilibriumsmearingofstepfeaturesintheIV curve.
Multichannel architecture for electronic quantum Hall interferometry

We propose an architecture for implementing electronic interferometry in quantum Hall bars. It exploits scattering among parallel edge channels. In contrast to previous developments, this one employs a simply connected mesa admitting serial concatenation of building elements closer to optical analogs. Implementations of Mach\char21{}Zehnder and Hambury\char21{}Brown\char21{}Twiss interferometers are discussed together with structures yet unexplored in quantum electronics.
Nitrogen Signalling in Arabidopsis thaliana roots

Through the plasticity of their root system architecture, plants adapt to varying environmental conditions, including the availability of nutrients such as nitrogen. Nitrate is both a nutrient and a signal and it is one of the major sources of nitrogen for plants. Under very low nitrate, root growth almost stops, whilst under low nitrate conditions, the root exhibits a foraging response, aiming to find more nitrate. Under high nitrate, root growth slows down, as other nutrients become limited. When a single plant perceives different amounts of nitrate in a split root experiment, the low nitrate side is suppressed more than its counterpart growing in a homogeneous environment, and the high side grows quicker than the side in a uniformly high nitrate condition. This indicates that there are not only local, but systemic nitrate signals determining root growth. In this thesis we implemented a functional structural plant model (FSPM) simulating these split root experiments. The FSPM was based on the model created by Boer et al. [1], and contains nitrate (N), C-terminally encoded peptide (CEP), and cytokinin (CK) signalling pathways. The FSPM explicitly represents the growing branching architecture of plant roots, and the calculation of the growth rate is an improved version of the one taken from Boer et al. Additionally, transcriptomics data from Ruffel et al. [2] was analysed where genes that are part of N, CEP, and CK signalling pathways were found. This included transporters of the NRT1 and the NRT2 family, auxin and cytokinin biosynthesis genes, ROXYs, and nitrate assimilation genes. In addition, sugar transporters were identified. However, they did not show strong signals, and could not be integrated into the FSPM model to further improve the accuracy of the growth of the root system architecture.
A MECHANISM FOR HYSTERESIS IN BLACK HOLE BINARY STATE TRANSITIONS

We suggest that the hysteretic cycle of black hole state transitions arises from two established properties of accretion disks: the increase in turbulent stress in disks threaded by a net magnetic field and the ability of thick (but not thin) disks to advect such a field radially. During quiescence, magnetic field loops are generated by the magnetorotational instability at the interface between the inner hot flow and outer thin disk. Vertical flux is advected into and accumulates stochastically within the inner flow, where it stimulates the turbulence so that α ∼ 1. The transition to a geometrically thin inner disk occurs when L ∼ α2LEdd ∼ LEdd, and the first “thin” disk to form is itself moderately thick, strongly magnetized, and able to advect field inward. These properties favor episodic jet production. As the accretion rate declines magnetic flux escapes, α decreases to α ∼ 0.01–0.1, and a hot inner flow is not re-established until L ≪ LEdd. We discuss possible observational consequences of our scenario.
The response time of a surface thermometer employing encapsulated thermochromic liquid crystals

A time-varying surface temperature may be measured by a thin film of encapsulated thermochromic liquid crystal applied to the surface. The work reported in this paper has assessed, for engineering purposes, the response of such a film to a rapidly increasing surface temperature. Rates of increase in temperature of greater than 2000 degrees C s-1 were employed in these tests. The experiments show that the delay between the time at which the surfaces reaches the steady-state colour display temperature and the occurrence of the colour display is no more than a few milliseconds. The particular type of film used employed a micro-encapsulated chiral nematic thermochromic liquid crystal which was supplied by BDH and applied to the surface by a screen printing technique to a thickness of approximately 10 mu m. The conduction of heat into the film is analysed, but this would not appear to explain the observed response time of the thermometer.
Local thermal observables in spatially open FRW spaces

Certain local thermal observables are considered in well-known examples of spatially open FRW spaces: Milne, open de Sitter and anti de Sitter as well as Einstein static universes. Another value for fixing the ambiguity in defining the Wick square and, hence, the local temperature is motivated in the last example. Physical consequences of that choice are discussed for static and conformal vacua in those spaces.
Can we trace very cold dust from its emission alone

Context. Dust is a good tracer of cold dark clouds but its column density is di cult to quantify. Aims. We want to check whether the far-infrared and submillimeter high‐resolution data from Herschel SPIRE and PACS cameras combined with ground-based telescope bolometers allow us to retrieve the whole dust content of cold dark clouds. Methods. We compare far-infrared and submillimeter emission across L183 to the 8 m absorption map from Spitzer data and fit modified blackbody functions towards three di erent positions. Results. We find that none of the Herschel SPIRE channels follow the cold dust profile seen in absorption. Even the ground-based submillimeter telescope observations, although more closely following the absorption profile, cannot help to characterize the cold dust without external information such as the dust column density itself. The di erence in dust opacity can reach up to a factor of 3 in prestellar cores of high extinction. Conclusions. In dark clouds, the amount of very cold dust cannot be measured from its emission alone. In particular, studies of dark clouds based only on Herschel data can miss a large fraction of the dust content. This has an impact on core and filament density profiles, masse and stability estimates.
On some aspects of the impact of GPSRO observations in global numerical weather prediction

The impact of Radio Occultation observations from Global Positioning System satellites (GPSRO) on global Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) has been analysed with a recent version of the European Centre for Medium‐range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) Integrated Forecasting System. As in previous studies, the use of GPSRO was found to improve the NWP forecast skill and to drastically decrease model‐induced temperature biases in the analysis. The maximum forecast impact is in the lower and middle stratosphere, where the GPSRO observations have the smallest errors, but it is also visible in the troposphere. The tropospheric impact of GPSRO comes in part from direct tropospheric measurements and in part from stratosphere–troposphere interactions: this second mechanism is found to be particularly important during the Northern Hemisphere winter.
Bursting synchronization in clustered neuronal networks

Neuronal networks in the brain exhibit the modular (clustered) property, i.e., they are composed of certain subnetworks with differential internal and external connectivity. We investigate bursting synchronization in a clustered neuronal network. A transition to mutual-phase synchronization takes place on the bursting time scale of coupled neurons, while on the spiking time scale, they behave asynchronously. This synchronization transition can be induced by the variations of inter- and intracoupling strengths, as well as the probability of random links between different subnetworks. Considering that some pathological conditions are related with the synchronization of bursting neurons in the brain, we analyze the control of bursting synchronization by using a time-periodic external signal in the clustered neuronal network. Simulation results show a frequency locking tongue in the driving parameter plane, where bursting synchronization is maintained, even in the presence of external driving. Hence, effective synchronization suppression can be realized with the driving parameters outside the frequency locking region.
Proximity effects in superconducting spin-valve structures

This thesis describes a series of measurements and a theoretical analysis to get more insight into the fundamental working of superconducting systems when these are brought into close proximity with ferromagnetic systems, or when they are driven into a non-equilibrium state. The main focus is on the electronic transport properties of such coupled systems, from which the working of the individual part are well known.
Vegetable Production Trend and Constraints on Vegetable Farmers: A Case of Ditladi and Gulushabe Clusters in the Northern Region of Botswana, Part

– The article presents results of a survey conducted in the northern part of Botswana. The study was designed to assess the quantity of vegetable produced, production trend and constraints faced by farmers. The survey was done at Ditladi and Gulushabe in the farmer’s fields in May 2019 using a pre-tested survey questionnaire. Farmers were interviewed individually in their farms. Vegetable production and importation data was sourced from Horticultural sector and department of agricultural business promotion. Farmers (41.18%) perceived an upward production trend but data from agricultural offices indicate that production is fluctuating while generally low in all crops except cabbage. Farmers are faced with constraints such as gullies that limit the cultivable area, lack of implements, and lack of transport. The small size of fields is a bottleneck to most farmers. Prevalence of crop pests and diseases results in heavy application of synthetic chemicals. Cropping plan is neglected by more than half of the farmers interviewed. Farmers do not utilize available programs and financiers satisfactorily. They interact with government extension agents mostly on quarterly basis and are aware of climate change at the same time experiencing its consequences. There is a need for a joint effort for on-farm trials and information dissemination by the relevant stakeholders.
GRAVITATIONAL FRAGMENTATION OF EXPANDING SHELLS. I. LINEAR ANALYSIS

We perform a linear perturbation analysis of expanding shells driven by expansions of H ii regions. The ambient gas is assumed to be uniform. As an unperturbed state, we develop a semi-analytic method for deriving the time evolution of the density profile across the thickness. It is found that the time evolution of the density profile can be divided into three evolutionary phases: deceleration-dominated, intermediate, and self-gravity-dominated phases. The density peak moves relatively from the shock front to the contact discontinuity as the shell expands. We perform a linear analysis taking into account the asymmetric density profile obtained by the semi-analytic method, and imposing the boundary conditions for the shock front and the contact discontinuity while the evolutionary effect of the shell is neglected. It is found that the growth rate is enhanced compared with previous studies based on the thin-shell approximation. This is due to the boundary effect of the contact discontinuity and asymmetric density profile that were not taken into account in previous works.
Four-jet final state in same-sign lepton colliders and neutrinoless double beta decay mechanisms

If neutrinoless double beta decay is observed, it will be important to understand the mechanism(s) behind this process. Using a minimal supersymmetric extension to the Standard Model in association with a lepton number violating coupling as an example, we show that if neutrinoless double beta decay is mediated by new TeV scale particles, looking for four-jet final states in future linear colliders operating in the same-sign electron mode could provide important information on the underlying mechanisms. We study the prospects for observing this process at the proposed ILC and CLIC energies, and discuss the complementarity between such a four-jet signal and other collider signatures at the LHC.
Virtual reality therapy in special needs education.

The Virtual Reality (VR) technology has become a part of our everyday lives. The VR systems allow the users to be directly involved in human-computer interaction. The Virtual Environment provides artificial sensory information, while Virtual Tools allow direct interaction from the users side. Virtual devices such as computers, smartphones, and interactive whiteboards often appear both in general and special education. Education and rehabilitation professionals also use VR systems in various fields. The aim of the study is to summarise the wide range of VR system applications in diversified areas of special education. Our literature review focuses on special education and rehabilitation, moving towards the context of inclusion. Based on the numerous research, applying VR tools to the educational field has been increasing year by year. In the early ’90s, researchers began using virtual learning environments and they demonstrated that the application of virtual methods can be extended to behavioral therapies (relate anxiety), physical therapies (e.g. wheelchair simulators), and to develop cognitive performance (to develop attention) or social skills (learning to navigate community literacy). VR systems allow the possibility of providing continuous feedback and the opportunity for interactive learning and skill development. In the practice of special needs education, VR systems are useful in intervention, as well as monitoring, and evaluation. By using VR systems, users from any age group can be motivated. Furthermore, these systems apply their own natural semantics and can be used without spoken language or other conventional symbols. VR can promote education more accessible and differentiated for children with disabilities. This is one of the conditions for the effectiveness of co-education. The VR systems make no distinction between the users, on the other hand, users with special needs may require more adaptation or support in using VR. Hungarian professionals in the field of special needs education are also using VR tools, which offer opportunities to develop skills for independent living.
Biharmonic split ring resonator metamaterial: Artificially dispersive effective density in thin periodically perforated plates

We present in this paper a theoretical and numerical analysis of bending waves localized on the boundary of a platonic crystal whose building blocks are Split Ring Resonators (SRR). We first derive the homogenized parameters of the structured plate using a three-scale asymptotic expansion in the linearized biharmonic equation. In the limit when the wavelength of the bending wave is much larger than the typical heterogeneity size of the platonic crystal, we show that it behaves as an artificial plate with an anisotropic effective Young modulus and a dispersive effective mass density. We then analyze dispersion diagrams associated with bending waves propagating within an infinite array of SRR, for which eigen-solutions are sought in the form of Floquet-Bloch waves. We finally demonstrate that this structure displays the hallmarks of All-Angle Negative Refraction (AANR) and it leads to superlensing and ultrarefraction effects, interpreted thanks to our homogenization model as a consequence of negative and vanishing effective density, respectively.
Timing of neurogenesis through sequential accumulation of miR-9 due to additive expression of multiple alleles

MicroRNAs (miRs) have important quantitative roles in tuning dynamical gene expression. Hes/Her transcription factor dynamics are sensitive to the increasing amount of miR-9 in the cell, transitioning from noisy high-level expression to oscillatory expression and then to downregulation. However, the mechanism by which miR-9 is quantitatively controlled is not known. In vertebrates, several distinct genomic loci produce the same mature miR-9, but the functional significance of multiple primary transcripts remains unknown. Here, we show that the amount of mature miR-9 increases during zebrafish neurogenesis in a sharp stepwise manner. We characterize the spatiotemporal profile of 7 distinct pri-mir-9s and show that they are sequentially expressed during hindbrain neurogenesis. Quantitative analysis of expression at the single-cell level, shows that expression of late-onset pri-mir-9-1 is added on, rather than replacing the expression of early onset pri-mir-9-4 and 9-5. Mutating the late-onset pri-mir-9-1 with CRISPR/Cas9 prevents the developmental increase of mature miR-9 and reduces late neuronal differentiation. Finally, we use mathematical modelling to explore possible benefits of a stepwise increase of miR-9 over a linear increase. We find that an adaptive network containing Her6 can be insensitive to a linear increase in miR-9 and show that such adaptation can be overcome by step-wise increases of miR-9. In conclusion, our work suggests that a sharp stepwise increase of mature miR-9 is contributed by sequential temporal activation of distinct loci. This may be a strategy to overcome adaptation and facilitate a transition to a new state of Her6 dynamics or level.
Non-Invasive Methods of Quantifying Heat Stress Response in Farm Animals with Special Reference to Dairy Cattle

Non-invasive methods of detecting heat stress magnitude for livestock is gaining momentum in the context of global climate change. Therefore, the objective of this review is to focus on the synthesis information pertaining to recent efforts to develop heat stress detection systems for livestock based on multiple behavioral and physiological responses. There are a number of approaches to quantify farm animal heat stress response, and from an animal welfare point of view, these can be categorized as invasive and non-invasive approaches. The concept of a non-invasive approach to assess heat stress primarily looks into behavioral and physiological responses which can be monitored without any human interference or additional stress on the animal. Bioclimatic thermal indices can be considered as the least invasive approach to assess and/or predict the level of heat stress in livestock. The quantification and identification of the fecal microbiome in heat-stressed farm animals is one of the emerging techniques which could be effectively correlated with animal adaptive responses. Further, tremendous progress has been made in the last decade to quantify the classical heat stress endocrine marker, cortisol, non-invasively in the feces, urine, hair, saliva and milk of farm animals. In addition, advanced technologies applied for the real-time analysis of cardinal signs such as sounds through microphones, behavioral images, videos through cameras, and data stalking body weight and measurements might provide deeper insights towards improving biological metrics in livestock exposed to heat stress. Infrared thermography (IRT) can be considered another non-invasive modern tool to assess the stress response, production, health, and welfare status in farm animals. Various remote sensing technologies such as ear canal sensors, rumen boluses, rectal and vaginal probes, IRT, and implantable microchips can be employed in grazing animals to assess the quantum of heat stress. Behavioral responses and activity alterations to heat stress in farm animals can be monitored using accelerometers, Bluetooth technology, global positioning systems (GPSs) and global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs). Finally, machine learning offers a scalable solution in determining the heat stress response in farm animals by utilizing data from different sources such as hardware sensors, e.g., pressure sensors, thermistors, IRT sensors, facial recognition machine vision sensors, radio frequency identification, accelerometers, and microphones. Thus, the recent advancements in recording behavior and physiological responses offer new scope to quantify farm animals’ heat stress response non-invasively. These approaches could have greater applications in not only determining climate resilience in farm animals but also providing valuable information for defining suitable and accurate amelioration strategies to sustain their production.
Virtually Abelian quantum walks

We study discrete-time quantum walks on Cayley graphs of non-Abelian groups, focusing on the easiest case of virtually Abelian groups. We present a technique to reduce the quantum walk to an equivalent one on an Abelian group with coin system having larger dimension. This method allows one to extend the notion of wave-vector to the virtually Abelian case and study analytically the walk dynamics. We apply the technique in the case of two quantum walks on virtually Abelian groups with planar Cayley graphs, finding the exact solution in terms of dispersion relation.
Reproductive qualities of sows at different durations of previous lactation

To achieve the goals of our study, we investigated the dependence of reproductive qualities of sows on different duration of previous lactation. For the study, three hundred pigs were selected into two separate groups with an equal number of 150 animals in each, taking into account the age, genotype and fatness. The first group included sows that had previous lactation for 28 days and the second group included sows that had previous lactation for 21 days. After seventh week of gestation, including results of ultrasound scanning, all pregnant sows were transferred into two identical sections for keeping females with established gestation, where they were kept in stable groups of 60-65 heads. On 110 day of gestation, all sows were transferred to the farrowing branch where they were kept during pregnancy and lactation under identical feeding conditions and microclimate. As a result of the study it was found that duration of previous lactation had no impact on gilts productivity besides the indicator weight of piglets nest at birth, which was 3.15% higher in sows with traditional duration of lactation. There was no difference in the growth intensity of suckling piglets in sows with traditional and reduced lactation.