Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neuromuscular Control Modelling of Human Perturbed Posture Through Piecewise Affine Autoregressive With Exogenous Input Models

In this study, the neuromuscular control modeling of the perturbed human upright stance is assessed through piecewise affine autoregressive with exogenous input (PWARX) models. Ten healthy subjects underwent an experimental protocol where visual deprivation and cognitive load are applied to evaluate whether PWARX can be used for modeling the role of the central nervous system (CNS) in balance maintenance in different conditions. Balance maintenance is modeled as a single-link inverted pendulum; and kinematic, dynamic, and electromyography (EMG) data are used to fit the PWARX models of the CNS activity. Models are trained on 70% and tested on the 30% of unseen data belonging to the remaining dataset. The models are able to capture which factors the CNS is subjected to, showing a fitting accuracy higher than 90% for each experimental condition. The models present a switch between two different control dynamics, coherent with the physiological response to a sudden balance perturbation and mirrored by the data-driven lag selection for data time series. The outcomes of this study indicate that hybrid postural control policies, yet investigated for unperturbed stance, could be an appropriate motor control paradigm when balance maintenance undergoes external disruption.
Session 26 overview: Processor-power management and clocking

The first paper in this session considers optimization of computing systems at multiple levels from silicon to data center. A second paper pertains to power delivery network reliability and presents a software approach to mitigating worst-case droop. The remaining three papers deal with improving the power of the clock network by making it reconfigurable, use of adiabatic techniques and through adaptive frequency throttling.
An Auction-based Mechanism for the Formation and Scheduling of Heterogeneous Human-machine Teams

Human-machine teams are a key component of future production systems, but formation of the teams is challenging due to uncertain and evolving skills and preferences. We propose a decentralized multi-round auction approach, where job agents specify processing times and workers bid their preferred job execution modes representing possible human-machine teams. The factory assigns jobs to teams while maximizing the number of jobs assigned within the specified planning period. Afterwards, a post-auction mechanism improves the assignment in a fair way without worsening the goal achievement of any party involved. We evaluate our auction and post-auction mechanisms by analyzing the workers' social welfare and the factory's objective for different bidding strategies. It turns out that our mechanism yields efficient assignments and provides incentives for the workers to share true estimations about their capabilities.
Beriberi Neuropathy Mimicking Guillian-Barre Syndrome in a Teenager With Food Restriction: A Case Report

Beriberi neuropathy (thiamine deficiency) and Guillian-Barre Syndrome (GBS) both can present with areflexia and progressive ascending weakness. A physical examination can be equivocal between the two. In cases where GBS is suspected clinically but initial work-up with cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) studies and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine are not diagnostic, nerve conduction study/electromyography (NCS/EMG) should be done to evaluate beriberi neuropathy. Presumptive treatment should be started while awaiting confirmation from nutritional laboratory investigations. Here we present a rare case of a GBS mimic involving a 17-year-old patient with food restriction that led to thiamine deficiency causing beriberi neuropathy and Wernicke encephalopathy.
Optimized nitrogen rate, plant density, and irrigation level reduced ammonia emission and nitrate leaching on maize farmland in the oasis area of China

Nitrogen fertilizers play a key role in crop production to meet global food demand. Inappropriate application of nitrogen fertilizer coupled with poor irrigation and other crop management practices threaten agriculture and environmental sustainability. Over application of nitrogen fertilizer increases nitrogen gas emission and nitrate leaching. A field experiment was conducted in China’s oasis irrigation area in 2018 and 2019 to determine which nitrogen rate, plant density, and irrigation level in sole maize (Zea mays L.) cropping system reduce ammonia emission and nitrate leaching. Three nitrogen rates of urea (46-0-0 of N-P2O5-K2O), at (N0 = 0 kg N ha−1, N1 = 270 kg N ha−1, and N2 = 360 kg N ha−1) were combined with three plant densities (D1 = 75,000 plants/ha−1, D2 = 97,500 plants/ha−1, and D3 = 120,000 plants/ha−1) with two irrigation levels (W1 = 5,250 m3/hm2 and W2 = 4,740 m3/hm2) using a randomized complete block design. The results showed that, both the main and interaction effects of nitrogen rate, plant density, and irrigation level reduced nitrate leaching (p < 0.05). In addition, irrigation level × nitrogen rate significantly (p < 0.05) reduced ammonia emission. Nitrate leaching and ammonia emission decreased with higher irrigation level and higher plant density. However, high nitrogen rates increased both nitrate leaching and ammonia emission. The study found lowest leaching (0.35 mg kg−1) occurring at the interaction of 270 kg N ha−1 × 120,000 plants/ha−1 × 4,740 m3/hm2, and higher plant density of 120,000 plants/ha−1 combined with 0 kg N ha−1 and irrigation level of 5,250 m3/hm2 recorded the lowest ammonia emission (0.001 kg N)−1. Overall, ammonia emission increased as days after planting increased while nitrate leaching decreased in deeper soil depths. These findings show that, though the contributory roles of days after planting, soil depth, amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied and year of cultivation cannot be undermined, it is possible to reduce nitrate leaching and ammonia emission through optimized nitrogen rate, plant density and regulated irrigation for agricultural and environmental sustainability.
Radiation Shielding Tests of Crosslinked Polystyrene-b-Polyethyleneglycol Block Copolymers Blended with Nanostructured Selenium Dioxide and Boron Nitride Particles

In this work, gamma-ray shielding features of crosslinked polystyrene-b-polyethyleneglycol block copolymers (PS-b-PEG) blended with nanostructured selenium dioxide (SeO2) and boron nitride (BN) particles were studied. This research details several radiation shielding factors i.e., mass attenuation coefficient (μm), linear attenuation coefficient (μL), radiation protection efficiency (RPE), half-value layer (HVL), tenth-value layer (TVL), and mean free path (MFP). The irradiation properties of our nanocomposites were investigated with rays from the 152Eu source (in the energy intervals from 121.780 keV to 1408.010 keV) in a high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector system, and analyzed with GammaVision software. Moreover, all radiation shielding factors were determined by theoretical calculus and compared with the experimental results. In addition, the morphological and thermal characterization of all nanocomposites was surveyed with various techniques i.e., nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Acceptable compatibility was revealed and observed in all nanocomposites between the experimental and theoretical results. The PS-b-PEG copolymer and nanostructured SeO2 and BN particles exerted a significant effect in enhancing the resistance of the nanocomposites, and the samples with high additive rates exhibited better resistance than the other nanocomposites. From the achieved outcomes, it can be deduced that our polymer-based nanocomposites can be utilized as a good choice in the gamma-irradiation-shielding discipline.
Consensus Statement on Future Directions for the Behavioral and Social Sciences in Oral Health

The behavioral and social sciences are central to understanding and addressing oral and craniofacial health, diseases, and conditions. With both basic and applied approaches, behavioral and social sciences are relevant to every discipline in dentistry and all dental, oral, and craniofacial sciences, as well as oral health promotion programs and health care delivery. Key to understanding multilevel, interacting influences on oral health behavior and outcomes, the behavioral and social sciences focus on individuals, families, groups, cultures, systems, societies, regions, and nations. Uniquely positioned to highlight the importance of racial, cultural, and other equity in oral health, the behavioral and social sciences necessitate a focus on both individuals and groups, societal reactions to them related to power, and environmental and other contextual factors. Presented here is a consensus statement that was produced through an iterative feedback process. The statement reflects the current state of knowledge in the behavioral and social oral health sciences and identifies future directions for the field, focusing on 4 key areas: behavioral and social theories and mechanisms related to oral health, use of multiple and novel methodologies in social and behavioral research and practice related to oral health, development and testing of behavioral and social interventions to promote oral health, and dissemination and implementation research for oral health. This statement was endorsed by over 400 individuals and groups from around the world and representing numerous disciplines in oral health and the behavioral and social sciences. Having reached consensus, action is needed to advance and further integrate and translate behavioral and social sciences into oral health research, oral health promotion and health care, and the training of those working to ensure oral health for all.
Rehabilitation of Upper Limb Motor Impairment in Stroke: A Narrative Review on the Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Economic Statistics of Stroke and State of the Art Therapies

Stroke has been one of the leading causes of disability worldwide and is still a social health issue. Keeping in view the importance of physical rehabilitation of stroke patients, an analytical review has been compiled in which different therapies have been reviewed for their effectiveness, such as functional electric stimulation (FES), noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) including transcranial direct current stimulation (t-DCS) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (t-MS), invasive epidural cortical stimulation, virtual reality (VR) rehabilitation, task-oriented therapy, robot-assisted training, tele rehabilitation, and cerebral plasticity for the rehabilitation of upper extremity motor impairment. New therapeutic rehabilitation techniques are also being investigated, such as VR. This literature review mainly focuses on the randomized controlled studies, reviews, and statistical meta-analyses associated with motor rehabilitation after stroke. Moreover, with the increasing prevalence rate and the adverse socio-economic consequences of stroke, a statistical analysis covering its economic factors such as treatment, medication and post-stroke care services, and risk factors (modifiable and non-modifiable) have also been discussed. This review suggests that if the prevalence rate of the disease remains persistent, a considerable increase in the stroke population is expected by 2025, causing a substantial economic burden on society, as the survival rate of stroke is high compared to other diseases. Compared to all the other therapies, VR has now emerged as the modern approach towards rehabilitation motor activity of impaired limbs. A range of randomized controlled studies and experimental trials were reviewed to analyse the effectiveness of VR as a rehabilitative treatment with considerable satisfactory results. However, more clinical controlled trials are required to establish a strong evidence base for VR to be widely accepted as a preferred rehabilitation therapy for stroke.
The effect of physical activity on sex hormone levels in women. Implications for breast cancer risk

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed neoplastic disease in women, which leads to a significant deterioration in the quality of life and a reduction in the ability of women to function normally in everyday life. The main risk factor for breast cancer in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women is exposure to high levels of endogenous estrogen. It takes many years for neoplasia to develop, but lowering estrogen levels has been observed to reduce the risk of both a new diagnosis and recurrence of breast cancer. Observational studies have found that exercise reduces the level of bioavailable sex hormones, and thus may reduce the risk of developing breast cancer. Currently available evidence clearly shows that adequate levels of physical activity are associated with a 25–30% reduction in the average risk of breast cancer in women and play a role in its treatment. This review summarizes the data available in the literature on the effect of physical activity on the level of sex hormones in women, while presenting the biological mechanisms underlying the relationship between physical activity and the development of breast cancer. This issue requires further research, but already now, extensive educational campaigns are needed which can be aimed at young women to inform them on the possibility of significantly reducing their risk of breast cancer by introducing physical activity into their everyday lives.
Minimally Invasive Carpal Tunnel Release: A Technical Note and a 20-Year Retrospective Series

Introduction The surgical treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) has been enriched, during the last years, by different minimally invasive techniques to decompress the median nerve at the wrist as the endoscopic approaches or modified open technique. However, controversy remains about their safety and complication rate. We present the results of our minimally-invasive technique to median nerve release at the wrist. We will discuss the instrumental preoperative assessment, surgical steps, post-operative management, and complications. Methods We retrospectively reviewed clinical and neurophysiological data of all patients admitted at our institution between January 2001 and December 2020 for CTS surgery. The technique, performed under local anesthesia, is based on a single, small, linear transverse incision proximal to the wrist fold. After unsharpened dissection of subcutaneous tissues, a grooved guide is inserted in a slightly medial direction towards the fourth finger; this strategy prevents possible damages of nerve branches that could originate at this level. A second small incision over the guide’s tip allows a wide corridor in the context of the ligament. The carpalotome is then inserted into the guide; the two minor wounds are closed with 5-0 prolene sutures. The final result is a wide release of the nerve. Results A total of 1568 operations on 1371 patients were performed using the described technique at our institution. The patients’ cohort showed a higher prevalence of women (68%), with a mean age of 56.4 years (range 24-88 years). Paresthesia and numbness of the first three fingers were the most frequent signs and symptoms. All patients were submitted to a preoperative electrophysiological evaluation, which revealed the typical signs of CTS in most patients. The US evaluation of the median nerve at the wrist was a more recent introduction, dating from 2018. In 47 patients, despite an electromyography (EMG) not showing marked neurophysiological signs of severe CTS, the ultrasonographic evaluation was strongly consistent with the clinical diagnosis. In such patients, carpal tunnel release determined the resolution of symptoms. In 99.8% of total cases, we obtained a complete symptoms remission, with the disappearance of acroparesthesia and numbness. Conclusion The use of this technique has become widespread at our institution due to fewer local complications, a very low rate of recurrence, faster functional recovery, and reduced surgical time if compared to traditional open surgery and to endoscopic release too.
Type III secretion by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is reliant upon an authentic N‐terminal YscX secretor domain

YscX was discovered as an essential part of the Yersinia type III secretion system about 20 years ago. It is required for substrate secretion and is exported itself. Despite this central role, its precise function and mode of action remain unknown. In order to address this knowledge gap, this present study refocused attention on YscX to build on the recent advances in the understanding of YscX function. Our experiments identified an N‐terminal secretion domain in YscX promoting its secretion, with the first five codons constituting a minimal signal capable of promoting secretion of the signal less β‐lactamase reporter. Replacing the extreme YscX N‐terminus with known secretion signals of other Ysc‐Yop substrates revealed that the YscX N‐terminal segment contains non‐redundant information needed for YscX function. Further, both in cis deletion of the YscX N‐terminus in the virulence plasmid and ectopic expression of epitope‐tagged YscX variants again lead to stable YscX production but not type III secretion of Yop effector proteins. Mislocalisation of the needle components, SctI and SctF, accompanied this general defect in Yops secretion. Hence, a coupling exists between YscX secretion permissiveness and the assembly of an operational secretion system.
Effect of Brachytherapy vs. External Beam Radiotherapy on Sexual Function in Patients With Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of brachytherapy (BT) versus external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) on sexual function in patients with localized prostate cancer (PCa). Methods: Data were retrieved from the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang Database until March 4, 2021. Analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.4. 1. The main clinical outcomes were the Prostate Cancer Symptom Indices (PCSI) scale and the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC) scale scores for sexual function. A meta-analysis was performed to calculate standardized mean differences (SMDs) and their 95% CI. This study has undergone PROSPERO registration (No. CDR42021245438). Results: Among the 962 studies retrieved, eight prospective cohort studies met the inclusion criteria, covering a total of 2,340 patients, including 1,138 treated with BT alone and 1,202 treated with EBRT alone. The results demonstrated that BT was to some extent advantageous over EBRT in overall sexual function scores in patients with localized PCa during the immediate post-treatment period (SMD = −0.09, 95% CI: −0.18 to −0.01, p = 0.03), but this difference was not detectable at 3 months (SMD = −0.07, 95% CI: −0.18–0.05, and p = 0.25), 12 months (SMD = −0.01, 95% CI: −0.21–0.20, and p = 0.96), and 24 months (SMD = −0.09, 95% CI: −0.20–0.01, and p = 0.09) after treatment. Conclusion: Our analysis showed that BT showed a short-term advantage over EBRT in terms of sexual function in patients with localized PCa, but this difference diminished over time, though the conclusion needs to be further verified by a longer-term follow-up study.
Credit Card Fraud Detection Using CNN

— This paper talks about a strategy within the fraud detection interface region. The approach proposed is to utilize imbalanced profoundly skewed value-based information and a convolutional organize for the discovery of fakes. The dataset utilized here is the machine learning kaggle dataset for credit card extortion discovery that contains profoundly skewed information. The assessed highlights are 1 for fraud and for non-fraud class. The examination of extortion discovery was an vital device in keeping money divisions. These days, the counterfeit neural organize has ended up the slightest effective strategy for credit card extortion discovery. The framework right now utilized to distinguish extortion is tormented by misclassifications and exceedingly wrong positives. In such situations here this term paper employments the in participation of convolutional neural arrange layers in an endeavor to construct a show for identifying credit card extortion that gives us a tall level of exactness.
Latitude and Skimming Process Effect on Cow’s Milk Content in Essential Inorganic Elements

The objective of this study was to determine the mineral variation of cow’s milk as affected by latitude (north or south Europe; reflecting different feeding practices, i.e. grazing or not), and manufacturing process (different fat content). The mineral content of milk is particularly important to the infant food formula industry, whilst milk products cover a significant proportion of adult requirements in inorganic elements. Milk samples of pasteurized full fat milk were taken according to the origin of milk; southern Europe or north Europe during autumn; reflecting different feeding practices. Additionally, milk samples with different fat content 0, 1.5 and 3.5% were taken during the year, from manufacturing milk supplies. The elements determined were Ca, Mg, Zn, Mn, Cu, Fe by the use of atomic absorption spectroscopy, and P was determined through UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Milk fat removal significantly increased the macro mineral content Ca, P, and Mg. Manufacturing process did not affect micro element content. Latitude did not have significant impact on the content of macro minerals, but significant effect on Cu and Mn content. Higher Cu content in milk of south origin was probably related to higher concentrate to forage ratio fed. Higher Mn content in milk of north origin could be attributed to hay or/and drinking water of high industrialized countries. The elements Zn and Fe were not affected by manufacturing process neither by latitude. It was concluded that only Cu can be substantially manipulated through animal nutrition. Food composition tables should be updated as macro inorganic element content of milk is reduced gradually corresponding to higher yielding cows, whilst trace element content tend to increase as a result of higher proportion of concentrates fed.
Relationship between sperm ubiquitination and equine semen freezability.

This study aimed to assess the semen ubiquitin levels of stallions with good (GF) and poor semen freezability (PF) and to evaluate the relationship between sperm ubiquitination and sperm morphological defects. Five ejaculates from eight adult stallions (n=40) were collected and cryopreserved. Then, the ubiquitin level in equine sperm cells was assessed by immunohistochemistry with epifluorescence microscopy, and sperm morphology was assessed by differential interference contrast microscopy. Sperm cells were classified according to the intensity (classification 1: from I to IV; I = very low ubiquitin intensity and IV = very high ubiquitin intensity) and location of ubiquitin staining (classification 2). Statistical analyses were performed using SAS software (version 9.4), and P≤0.05 was considered significant. We observed that PF stallions showed higher percentages (P<0.05) of sperm cells with high ubiquitination (11.82% of ubiquitin intensity grade I, 39.13% of ubiquitin intensity grade II, 27.25% of ubiquitin intensity grade III, and 20.67% of grade IV), while GF stallions showed higher percentages (P<0.05) of sperm cells with lower staining intensity (28.52% grade I, 59.83% grade II, 7.92% grade III, and 7.02% grade IV). Furthermore, for PF stallions, 23 significant correlations were detected (P<0.05) between sperm abnormalities and ubiquitin intensity in different sperm regions. Increased ubiquitination of the sperm head, midpiece, and tail was positively correlated with their respective morphological defects. We concluded that high sperm ubiquitin levels are observed in ejaculates from stallions with poor semen quality (poor freezability), and ubiquitin marking in specific cellular locations can identify sperm morphological defects.