Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hydrothermal Synthesis of CeO2 Nanocrystals: Ostwald Ripening or Oriented Attachment?

The growth mechanism of CeO2 nanocrystals prepared by the hydrothermal method has been studied in this article. The synthesis of CeO2 nanocrystals follows two stages, the initial nucleation of CeO2 nuclei and the subsequent ripening of nuclei in the hydrothermal process. The nucleation involves the precipitation of Ce3+ cations by OH– ions to form Ce(OH)3 nanoparticles and the transition from Ce(OH)3 to 2–3 nm CeO2 nuclei through an oxidation and rapid dehydration process. In the hydrothermal process, the oriented attachment of nuclei through a lattice matched surface and subsequent Ostwald ripening results in the growth of CeO2 nanocrystals. The dominant mechanism for the ripening of nuclei in hydrothermal reactions is the oriented attachment. The addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone surfactant and adjustment of solution acidity can promote the dispersion of the nuclei and enhance the effective collision among them in the hydrothermal stage, resulting in the oriented aggregation of particles and further grow.
Gifsplanation via Latent Shift: A Simple Autoencoder Approach to Counterfactual Generation for Chest X-rays

Motivation: Traditional image attribution methods struggle to satisfactorily explain predictions of neural networks. Prediction explanation is important, especially in medical imaging, for avoiding the unintended consequences of deploying AI systems when false positive predictions can impact patient care. Thus, there is a pressing need to develop improved models for model explainability and introspection. Speciﬁc problem: A new approach is to transform input images to increase or decrease features which cause the prediction. However, current approaches are diﬃcult to implement as they are monolithic or rely on GANs. These hurdles prevent wide adoption. Our approach: Given an arbitrary classiﬁer, we propose a simple autoencoder and gradient update (Latent Shift) that can transform the latent representation of a speciﬁc input image to exaggerate or curtail the features used for prediction. We use this method to study chest X-ray classiﬁers and evaluate their performance. We conduct a reader study with two radiologists assessing 240 chest X-ray predictions to identify which ones are false positives (half are) using traditional attribution maps or our proposed method. Results: We found low overlap with ground truth pathology masks for models with reasonably high accuracy. However, the results from our reader study indicate that these models are generally looking at the correct features.
Anticancer Activity of Clerodendron infortunatum Linn. Extract in Swiss Albino Mice

The methanolic extract of Clerodendron infortunatum (MECI) was evaluated for anticancer activity against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) in swiss albino mice. On day 1, the extract of leaves of Clerodendron infortunatum at a dose of 250 and 500 mg/kg body (b.w.) weight was administered intraperitoneal (i.p.) route and continued for 9 consecutive days. The anticancer activity of MECI was examined by determining the mean survival time, increase of life span, tumour volume, viable tumour cell count and non viable tumour cell count in experimental animal models. The extract increased the life span of Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma treated mice and restored the haematological parameters as compared with the Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma bearing mice. Thus, the present study suggests that the methanolic extract of Clerodendron infortunatum showed anticancer activity in tested animal models.
Article Title: The Remote Assessment of Parkinsonism Supporting Ongoing Development of Interventions in Gaucher Disease – Study Protocol Short Running Title: The RAPSODI Study

Mutations in GBA which are causative of Gaucher disease in their biallelic form, are the most common genetic risk factor for Parkinson disease. The diagnosis of Parkinson disease relies upon clinically defined motor features which appear after irreversible neurodegeneration. Prodromal symptoms of Parkinson disease may provide a means to predict latent pathology, years before the onset of motor features. Previous work has reported prodromal features of Parkinson disease in GBA mutation carriers, however this has been insufficiently sensitive to identify those that will develop Parkinson disease. The Remote Assessment of Parkinsonism Supporting Ongoing Development of Interventions in Gaucher Disease (RAPSODI) study assesses a large cohort of GBA mutation carriers, to aid development of procedures for earlier diagnosis of Parkinson disease. Summary Points  The therapeutic focus for Parkinson disease is currently symptomatic, rather than disease-modifying or neuroprotective.  Non-motor prodromal features of Parkinson disease may precede the motor symptoms required for clinical diagnosis by several years.  GBA mutations, which are associated with Gaucher disease in their biallelic form, have emerged as the most common genetic risk factor for Parkinson Disease.  GBA associated PD displays a slightly exaggerated phenotype, including earlier age of onset, enhanced cognitive decline, more severe affective disturbances, and a greater likelihood of manifesting REM Sleep Behaviour Disorder, hyposmia and autonomic dysfunction. CC-BY 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. (which was not certified by peer review) The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted July 22, 2021. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07. 21.21260533 doi: medRxiv preprint
Performance of a machine learning model in recognition of normal tissue from histological sections

Introduction Machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) models have been applied in histopathology to solve specific problems like detection of metastasis in lymph nodes and immunohistochemical scoring. We have aimed to develop a machine learning model which can be trained in histopathology from the basics, i.e. identification of normal tissue. We have tried to replicate the process through which a human pathologist learns recognition of normal tissue from histological sections, and evaluate the performance of a machine learning model at this task. Materials and methods A total of 658 histologic images were anonymised, microphotographed at 10x magnification, under the same condition of illumination, with a Magnus DC5 integrated microphotography system. The images were split into two subsets, training (386) and validation (272 images). The images belonged to seven classes of tissue: brain, intestine, kidney, liver, lungs, muscle and skin. Archived material of the hospital were used for the study. A machine learning model using convolutional neural network (CNN) was developed on the Keras platform, using the convolution layers of a pretrained VGG16 model. The model was trained with the training set of images over 10 epochs. After training, performance of the model was assessed on the validation set. Results The model achieved 88.24% accuracy in classifying the images of the validation set. The most frequent errors were met in recognising images of kidney (14 errors, 33.33%). The commonest error was wrongly classifying kidney tissue as liver (07 errors). Analysis of the deeper layers of the neural network revealed specific patterns in images which were wrongly classified. Conclusion The results of the present study indicates that a convolutional neural network might be trained in histology similar to a trainee pathologist. The study represents the first step towards developing a machine learning model as a generalised histopathological image classifier.
In situ synthesis of flexible elastic N-doped carbon foam as a carbon current collector and interlayer for high-performance lithium sulfur batteries

A flexible elastic N-doped carbon foam (NCF) has been successfully synthesized in situ via direct carbonization/pyrolysis of polyurethane foam, which is a facile, cost-effective and environmentally friendly method. Due to its uniform three-dimensional connected structure, its reasonable composition with N doping and its high electronic conductivity, the NCF can function as both a three-dimensional current collector and a carbon interlayer for lithium sulfur batteries. As a typical model, cathodes consisting of NCF and CNT/S were prepared. The resulting batteries deliver a large reversible capacity of 1124 mA h g−1 at 0.5C and retain a high specific capacity of 902.8 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles, with a coulombic efficiency of 98.6% throughout the cycles. Furthermore, a discharge capacity of 691.8 mA h g−1 is still attainable when the rate is increased to 2.0C. The excellent cycling performance and rate capability are contributed to the uniform flexible elastic, conductive 3D framework and good porosity, and may have great significance for large-scale commercial applications of Li–S batteries.
Effectiveness of natural coagulants in water and wastewater treatment

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Electronic equipment production is one of the major industrial sectors in Indonesia, as it also contributes to Indonesia’s export commodities, which increase because of rapid technological developments. Cell phones, which have considerable potential to become electronic waste, recorded the enormous escalation in electronic production. This research aimed to increase community involvement and the collection of used cell phones from households in e-waste management in Indonesia. A survey was conducted to explore a household’s environmental awareness and willingness to recycle based on sociodemographics, environmental hazard awareness, and used cell phone usage in Jabodetabek, Indonesia.METHODS: In this research, a peer questionnaire was used and organized into five sections: The first section contained the sociodemographic details of the respondents. The second section comprised multiple concerns that relate to recycling and environmental awareness. The third section contained the family cell phone information. The fourth section determined the cell phone consumer behavior. The fifth section consisted of willingness to recycle. Statistical correlations between variables were assessed, and the chi-square independence test was used to evaluate the statistical correlations. FINDINGS: Mostly the households will replace their used cell phone if there is damage (66.84%) and keep the used cell phone at home (59.5%), thus becoming an obstacle in applying the appropriate recycling system and a circular economy. The average cell phone ownership in Jabodetabek is 1.28 units, and the average cell phone life span of people in Jabodetabek is 2.6 years. The Environmental Hazard Awareness variable has significant differences with occupation and income level (p-value = 0.028 and 0.046), Used Cellphone Usage variable has significant differences with the income level variable (p-value = 0.024). The others, a statistically significant difference between sociodemographic variable and Willingness to Recycle was observed; p-value = 0.003 for age and p-value = 0.034 for occupation. CONCLUSION: This paper showed that Environmental Hazard Awareness and Willingness to Recycle have an important role in increasing the collection of used cell phones from households. This study assessed community-based factors located in urban areas. The factors could encourage their participation in collection activities, obtain information on the preferred collection channels of residents, and provide a perspective for managing cell phones through an analysis of the improvements and influences of Indonesia’s current e-waste recycling program. Therefore, to develop a new strategy, the findings of this study can provide insights into the e-waste problem and citizen’s awareness of e-waste management.
Notes on Motion Estimation 1 Geometry: 3d Velocity and 2d Image Velocity

There are a great variety of applications that depend on analyzing the motion in image sequences. These include motion detection for surveillance, image sequence data compression (MPEG), image understanding (motion-based segmentation, depth/structure from motion), obstacle avoidance , image registration and compositing. The rst step in processing image sequences is typically image velocity estimation. The result is called the optical ow eld, a collection of two-dimensional velocity v ectors, one for each small region (potentially, o n e f o r e a c h pixel) of the image. Image velocities can be measured using correlation or block-matching (for example, see Anan-dan, 1989) in which each small patch of the image at one time is compared with nearby patches in the next frame. Feature extraction and matching is another way to measure the ow eld (for reviews of feature tracking methods see Barron, 1984, or Aggarwal and Nandhakumar, 1988). Gradient-based algorithms are a third approach to measuring ow elds (for example, This handout concentrates on the lter-based and gradient-based methods. Emphasis is placed on the importance of multiscale, coarse-tone , reene-ment o f t h e v elocity estimates. Fo r a g o o d o verview and comparison of diierent t o w methods, see (Barron et al, 1994). Motion occurs in many applications, and there are many tasks for which motion information might be very useful. Here we concentrate on natural image sequences of 3d scenes in which objects and the camera may b e m o ving. Typical issues for which w e w ant computational solutions include inferring the relative 3 d motion between the camera and objects in the scene, inferring the depth and surface structure of the scene, and segmenting the scene using the motion information Towards this end, we are interested in knowing the geometric relationships between 3d motion, surface structure, and 2d image velocity. To begin, consider a point on the surface of an object. We will represent 3d surface points as position vectors X = (XXYZ) T relative to a viewer-centered coordinate frame as depicted in Fig. 1. When the camera moves, or when the object moves, this point moves along a 3d path X(t) = (X(t) Y (t) Z (t)) T , relative to our viewer-centered coordinate frame. The instantaneous 3d velocity o f t h e p o i n t is the derivative of this path with respect …
Design and Implementation of 1-2 GHz Stepped Frequency GPR for Buried Metal Detection

Design and Implementation of 1-2 GHz Stepped Frequency GPR for Buried Metal Detection. In this paper, we describe the design and realization steps of 1 – 2 GHz SFGPR (Stepped Frequency Ground Penetrating Radar) transceiver for metal detection under the ground. Before using prototyped GPR for detecting the metal under the ground, several of calibration processes must be performed, namely phase calibration and monocycle pulse waveform calibration. After completing the calibrations, this prototyped GPR would be ready for detecting a hidden object such as a metal plate 5 cm under the ground in our small test range size 25 cm x 75 cm x 10 cm. From the calibration and detection results, we concluded that the prototyped SFGPR passed the technical specifications of the design and could perform the metal detection under the ground with high SNR.
Degradation of phenol with Horseradish Peroxidase immobilized on ZnO nanocrystals under combined irradiation of microwaves and ultrasound

AbstractZinc oxide (ZnO) nanocrystals with different morphologies were synthesized by varying the hydrothermal reaction conditions. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was successfully immobilized on ZnO nanocrystals with different morphologies. The activities of different types of the immobilized enzyme (nanodiscs, nanoflowers, and nanorods) were found to be 42.3, 26.1, and 14.1%, respectively. All three types of the immobilized enzyme showed higher phenol removal efficiency (for nanodiscs: 86.09%; for nanoflowers: 79.46%; for nanorods: 77.03%) compared to the corresponding value for the free enzyme (61.52%). The removal of phenolic compounds from aqueous solution using ZnO-immobilized HRP was explored with additional five phenolic compounds used as model pollutants. In comparison with the soluble HRP, the ZnO-immobilized HRP exhibited higher removal efficiencies for these phenolic compounds. The results indicate that the technology combined with the irradiation of microwaves and ultrasound can further promote .
NEW ZEALAND Fuzzy Logic for Software Metric Models Throughout the Development Life-Cycle

One problem faced by managers who are using project management models is the elicitation of numerical inputs. Obtaining these with any degree of confidence early in a project is not always feasible. Related to this difficulty is the risk of precisely specified outputs from models leading to overcommitment. These problems can be seen as the collective failure of software measurements to represent the inherent uncertainties in managers’ knowledge of the development products, resources, and processes. It is proposed that fuzzy logic techniques can help to overcome some of these difficulties by representing the imprecision in inputs and outputs, as well as providing a more expert-knowledge based approach to model building. The use of fuzzy logic for project management however should not be the same throughout the development life cycle. Different levels of available information and desired precision suggest that it can be used differently depending on the current phase, although a single model can be used for consistency.
Patients’ opinion and perception survey of community pharmacists in Republic of Macedonia

Over the past decade, numerous changes have taken place across the community pharmacy (CP) sector in the Republic of Macedonia (RM). The overall aim of this study is to analyze patients` perception and opinion regarding the Community pharmacy sector and its recognizable role in health care system in RM. Additionally, this study focusses on factors affecting patients` choice of the certain CP and perception of the quality of the CP premises. The survey covered randomly selected patients of those visiting community pharmacies in all 8 regions of the country. An anonymous semi-open questionnaire consisting of 21 items was structured, which covered three main groups of questions related to: socio-demographic factors of the respondents, reasons influencing respondents` choice of the certain CP and respondents’ opinion and impressions of community pharmacists` expertise and quality of offered services in CP settings. The obtained results have confirmed that 69.82% of respondents showed loyalty to the same CP. These findings were supported by tree main reasons: (1) the pharmacist and professional staff working in certain CP (74.19%), (2) CP keeps up a satisfactory supply (69.68%) and (3) CP is situated in a convenient location (61.94%). The overall patients’ perception of elements of pharmaceutical care services provided in CP was that they are on a high level (above 80%). Despite the encouraging results obtained, this study can serve as a core element for continuous monitoring and quality improvement of the national CPs network in near future.
Volume 7 Number 2 @bullet Fall 2004 Contents Feature 4 Ontology Development Challenges and Applications Using the Darpa Agent Markup Language (daml) Special Reports—agent-based Software, Autonomic Computing, Computer Immunology, and the Semantic Web Computer Investigation Markup Language (ciml)— an 

Contents of the IAnewsletter are not necessarily the official views of or endorsed by the U.S. Government, DoD, or DDR&E. The mention of commercial products and/or services does not imply endorsement by the DoD or DDR&E. Inquiries about IATAC capabilities, products, and services may be addressed to— To submit your articles, notices, programs, or ideas for future issues, please visit http://iac.dtic. mil/ iatac/IA_newsletter. html and download an " Article Instructions " packet. The challenges and various steps involved in developing ontologies for use by software applications will be discussed in this article, as well as how the DARPA Agent Markup Language (DAML) can be leveraged as a knowledge representation language. There are a number of organizations conducting and applying agent-based research and development, and this is generating new opportunities in numerous application domains. The Computer Incident Markup Language (CIML) creates a framework for the description and sharing of computer crime information. Retina® tool will provide network administrators and security personnel the ability to verify compliance with DoD CERT IAVM notices as well as vulnerability notices published by the Service CERTS/CIRTS. Most organizations depend heavily on traditional network-based security systems to protect them from the " external threat " emanating from the Internet, an external hacker, or a virus. However, the " insider threat " —potential sabotage of crucial systems or unauthorized release of sensitive information by an insider—is by some measures the far greater worry. 46 International Cyber Awareness by Robert Lentz Net-centricity is a dual edge sword. We've heard the tremendous operational advantages. But the security realities leave us at a critical crossroad.
Purification and characterization of a novel milk-clotting enzyme from Brassica napus seeds.

Brassica napus (rape) seeds were chosen as source for milk-clotting activity (MCA). The extract shows the most potent clotting activity (164 U/g dry seeds) with firm clotting with the minimum proteolytic activity at pH 4.5. The purification scheme for milk-clotting enzyme (MCE) included precipitation with (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 (20-60%- saturation) followed by chromatography columns on Sephadex G-100, and two successive Sephadex G-200 columns to give a pure enzyme with final specific activity 144 (U/mg), 22.2 purification fold. The purity of the purified enzyme was confirmed by Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed a single band of 26 kDa. While the molecular masses of the purified enzyme was found to be 30 KDa by gel filtration technique. The purified enzyme has optimum activities in 0.1 M acetate or citrate buffer at pH range from 3.5 to 4.5 at 60 C˚. The milk-clotting activity increased slightly by preincubation of the enzyme with different buffers. The MCE should high heat stability up to 40 ˚C for 120 minute without lo ss in activity. The enzyme is dependent on calcium ions to perform its activity up to 0.44% and almost loss of activity with sodium chloride concentration above 3% w/v. Linear relationship (inversely proportional) was observed between milk substrate concentration and enzyme concentration.
Structural Changes in Global Value Chains (GVCs): ASEAN and India

China still serves as a leading production hub in Asia, but it is interesting to look at recent production unbundling in ASEAN and India. Catalyzed by increasing labor costs in China, production networks have begun to extend to ASEAN and India. As ASEAN and India have young and large populations, they have definite advantages in labor-intensive processes. Recent trade statistics show that ASEAN and India are importing many intermediate goods and exporting capital goods. There are a few noticeable changes in ASEAN and India’s GVC structure. First, ASEAN and India’s GVC integration has risen. Second, the vertical specialization (VS) structure shows potential evidence of GVC upgrad-ing in ASEAN and India. Third, the regional value chain has become more prominent in ASEAN and India over the years. Fourth, the regional trade matrix of intermediate goods and re-export reveals that regional production hubs are more diversified in ASEAN and India.