Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experimental and theoretical stability limits of highly elongated tokamak plasmas

Stability limits of highly elongated, D-shaped plasmas have been measured in the TCV (tokamak a configuration variable) tokamak. It is found that the plasma current is limited by kink-type disruptions, preceded by magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) mode activity. The mode structure has been analyzed using magnetic fluctuation and soft x-ray diagnostics. Mode numbers, growth rates, and experimental stability limits are consistent with ideal and resistive MHD models, based on measured plasma shapes and profiles. These results provide the first experimental confirmation of previously predicted stability limits at high elongation, kappa less than or equal to 2.58.
Intravenous thrombolysis in patients with acute ischaemic stroke with history of prior ischaemic stroke within 3 months

Current guidelines from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association advocate against the administration of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in patients with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) with a prior ischaemic stroke (IS) within 3 months (Class III: Level of Evidence B). 1 This concern is based on a presumed increased risk of symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage (sICH) and mortality2 and therefore led to the respective guideline recommendation. Thus, patients with a history of prior IS have been excluded in the majority of the pivotal randomised controlled clinical trials that have established IVT as a treatment for AIS.2 However, the rationale for excluding patients with a history of IS within the prior 3 months in the aforementioned trials was not based on pathophysiological considerations but instead on information extrapolated from the relevant recommendations for IVT in myocardial infarction.2 In the present systematic review and meta-analysis, we sought to compare the safety and efficacy of IVT treatment between patients with AIS with a history of previous IS within 3 months and patients with AIS but without a history of previous IS within 3 months from the index event. This meta-analysis is presented according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. From eligible studies, we extracted data on the primary safety outcomes of sICH (according the definition used in each study) and in-hospital or 3-month mortality. We also evaluated the following efficacy outcomes: early neurological improvement (ENI) at 24 hours (according to the definition used in each study), 3-month favourable functional outcome (FFO, modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores 0–1), 3-month functional …
A method for determining intracloud lightning and ionospheric heights from VLF/LF electric field records

The Los Alamos Sferic Array (LASA) recorded VLF/LF electric‐field‐change signals from over ten million lightning discharges during the period from 1998 to 2001. Using the differential‐times‐of‐arrival of lightning sferics recorded by three or more stations, the latitudes and longitudes of the source discharges were determined. Under conditions of favorable geometry and ionospheric propagation, sensors obtained ionospherically reflected skywave signals from the lightning discharges in addition to the standard groundwave sferics. In approximately 1% of all waveforms, automated processing identified two 1‐hop skywave reflection paths with delays indicative of an intracloud (height greater than 5 km) lightning source origin. For these events it was possible to determine both the height of the source above ground and the virtual reflection height of the ionosphere. Ionosphere heights agreed well with published values of 60 to 95 km with an expected diurnal variation. Source height determinations for 100,000+ intracloud lightning events ranged from 7 to 20 km AGL with negative‐polarity events occurring above ∼15 km and positive‐polarity events occurring below ∼15 km. The negative‐polarity events are at a suprisingly high altitude and may be associated with discharges between the upper charge layer of a storm and a screening layer of charge above the storm. Approximately 100 of the intracloud events with LASA height determinations were also recorded by VHF receivers on the FORTE satellite. Independent FORTE source height estimates based on delays between direct and ground‐reflected radio emissions showed excellent correlation with the VLF/LF estimates, but with a +1 km bias for the VLF/LF height determinations.
A validation study of the Miville-Guzman Universality-Diversity Scale in South Africa

Background: In order for organisations to best implement diversity management programmes that will create an environment in which diversity is appreciated and utilised optimally to achieve organisational outcomes, they need to first identify the attitudes and orientations that individuals in the organisation have towards diversity. Universal-diverse orientation (UDO) is a largely under-researched topic in South Africa, and currently no instrument measuring UDO has been validated in a South African context.Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of the Miville-Guzman Universality-Diversity Scale (M-GUDS) in South Africa.Setting: The study was conducted among the general working population in the Gauteng Province in South Africa.Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional research design was followed. A heterogeneous sample of 255 South African employees from the general working population in Gauteng was selected to complete a voluntary web-based questionnaire.Results: The results confirm that the M-GUDS is reliable; the factorial validity, and convergent and divergent validity of the M-GUDS are also confirmed. The predictive validity of the instrument is partly confirmed.Conclusion: This study contributes to the limited research that has been done on UDO in South Africa by providing a valid instrument that can give additional insight into organisations on the orientations and attitudes of employees toward diversity. This provides organisations with a platform to assess their diversity orientation that can be used to inform diversity management programmes.Contribution: This study contributes to the limited research that has been done on UDO in South Africa, as well as addresses the gap of a lacking instrument to measure UDO in South Africa by validating the M-GUDS.
Selection of orthonormal transforms for improving the performance of the transform domain normalised LMS algorithm

Transform domain adaptive filters (TDAF) that employ orthonormal transforms to convert their input samples to a set of partially uncorrelated components, to be used as actual inputs to an adaptive linear combiner, are studied. A recently proposed performance index is used. We show that the efficiency of an orthonormal transform, in improving the performance of the LMS algorithm, depends on its ability to spread the energy levels of its output components. This gives a clear view of the filtering concept of the transformation process when it is thought of as a bank of parallel filters tuned to different portions of the spectrum of the input sequence. The filtering view is able to predict the performance of the TDAF and suggest transforms that suit specific applications.
Design, Synthesis, Antifungal Activity, and Molecular Docking of Streptochlorin Derivatives Containing the Nitrile Group

Based on the structures of natural products streptochlorin and pimprinine derived from marine or soil microorganisms, a series of streptochlorin derivatives containing the nitrile group were designed and synthesized through acylation and oxidative annulation. Evaluation for antifungal activity showed that compound 3a could be regarded as the most promising candidate—it demonstrated over 85% growth inhibition against Botrytis cinerea, Gibberella zeae, and Colletotrichum lagenarium, as well as a broad antifungal spectrum in primary screening at the concentration of 50 μg/mL. The SAR study revealed that non-substituent or alkyl substituent at the 2-position of oxazole ring were favorable for antifungal activity, while aryl and monosubstituted aryl were detrimental to activity. Molecular docking models indicated that 3a formed hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with Leucyl-tRNA Synthetase, offering a perspective for the possible mechanism of action for antifungal activity of the target compounds.
Spin-cast P(VDF-TrFE) films for high performance medical ultrasound transducers

Ferroelectric polymers are used in many special medical and industrial ultrasonic transducer applications. In most of these applications a free-standing metallized (i.e., patterned) film is adhered to a substrate material which is either reflective (i.e., high acoustic impedance) or acoustically matched in impedance but highly lossy. The adhesive layer can have adverse effects on ultrasonic transducer performance, especially at high frequencies. This work focussed on the direct formation of high performance ferroelectric copolymer films onto substrate materials suitable for fabricating medical ultrasound transducers. P(VDF-TrFE) copolymer resin was dissolved into methylethyl-ketone and subsequently spin-coated onto various ultrasound transducer substrate materials. After deposition, the 6-25 /spl mu/m thick films were cured, crystallized and poled on the substrates at fields of 100-120 V//spl mu/m. Several AC and DC poling techniques were used. The films were then characterized for their high frequency properties of interest for medical ultrasound, including their clamped dielectric properties, electromechanical coupling coefficient (k/sub t/), and mechanical quality factor (Q/sub m/). The results yielded k/sub t/ values as high as 0.30 and Q/sub m/ values in excess of 24. Ultrasonic tests confirmed that high performance broadband ultrasound transducers can be fabricated with ferroelectric polymers without the need for adhesive layers.
Current Insights into m6A RNA Methylation and Its Emerging Role in Plant Circadian Clock

N6-adenosine methylation (m6A) is a prevalent form of RNA modification found in the expressed transcripts of many eukaryotic organisms. Moreover, m6A methylation is a dynamic and reversible process that requires the functioning of various proteins and their complexes that are evolutionarily conserved between species and include methylases, demethylases, and m6A-binding proteins. Over the past decade, the m6A methylation process in plants has been extensively studied and the understanding thereof has drastically increased, although the regulatory function of some components relies on information derived from animal systems. Notably, m6A has been found to be involved in a variety of factors in RNA processing, such as RNA stability, alternative polyadenylation, and miRNA regulation. The circadian clock in plants is a molecular timekeeping system that regulates the daily and rhythmic activity of many cellular and physiological processes in response to environmental changes such as the day-night cycle. The circadian clock regulates the rhythmic expression of genes through post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA. Recently, m6A methylation has emerged as an additional layer of post-transcriptional regulation that is necessary for the proper functioning of the plant circadian clock. In this review, we have compiled and summarized recent insights into the molecular mechanisms behind m6A modification and its various roles in the regulation of RNA. We discuss the potential role of m6A modification in regulating the plant circadian clock and outline potential future directions for the study of mRNA methylation in plants. A deeper understanding of the mechanism of m6A RNA regulation and its role in plant circadian clocks will contribute to a greater understanding of the plant circadian clock.
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria in Plant Health: A Perspective Study of the Underground Interaction

Plants are affected by various environmental stresses such as high or low temperatures, drought, and high salt levels, which can disrupt their normal cellular functioning and impact their growth and productivity. These stressors offer a major constraint to the morphological, physiological, and biochemical parameters; thereby attributing serious complications in the growth of crops such as rice, wheat, and corn. Considering the strategic and intricate association of soil microbiota, known as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), with the plant roots, PGPR helps plants to adapt and survive under changing environmental conditions and become more resilient to stress. They aid in nutrient acquisition and regulation of water content in the soil and also play a role in regulating osmotic balance and ion homeostasis. Boosting key physiological processes, they contribute significantly to the alleviation of stress and promoting the growth and development of plants. This review examines the use of PGPR in increasing plant tolerance to different stresses, focusing on their impact on water uptake, nutrient acquisition, ion homeostasis, and osmotic balance, as well as their effects on crop yield and food security.
High precision MI sensor with low energy consumption driven by low-frequency Wiegand pulse

This study introduces a new method to drive high-precision magneto-impedance (MI) sensors with low power consumption using a Wiegand sensor to replace the oscillator circuits of the MI sensor. We studied the characteristics of an MI sensor driven by low-frequency pulses and concluded that pulses with a fast rise time and small excitation current are necessary to induce a significant MI effect. The Wiegand sensor induced 10 Hz low-frequency pulse voltages of approximately 12 V and a constant width of 20 μs when an alternating magnetic field of 5 mT/ μ0 alternating magnetic field was applied. A fast rise-time-shaping circuit was designed to shape the Wiegand pulses with a fixed amplitude and rise time of less than 100 ns. The MI sensor exhibited a good output linearity of 0.04 mV/ μ0T for detecting magnetic field in the range of ±150 μT when Wiegand pulses of amplitude 1 V were supplied. The power consumption of the MI sensor was reduced from milliwatts (mW) to microwatts ( μW) and its usage time was extended by 300% compared to that of the previous design. This newly designed MI sensor is suitable for use in bio-magnetic field measurements, constant vehicle detection devices, and other applications.
Expanding Louvain Algorithm for Clustering Relationship Formation

—Community detection is a method to determine and to discover the existence of cluster or group that share the same interest, hobbies, purposes, projects, lifestyles, location or profession. There are some example of community detection algorithms that have been developed, such as strongly connected components algorithm, weakly connected components, label propagation, triangle count and average clustering coefficient, spectral optimization, Newman and Louvain modularity algorithm. Louvain method is the most efficient algorithm to detect communities in large scale network. Expansion of the Louvain Algorithm is carried out by forming a community based on connections between nodes (users) which are developed by adding weights to nodes to form clusters or referred to as clustering relationships. The next step is to perform weighting based on user relationships using a weighting algorithm that is formed by considering user account activity, such as giving each other recommendation comments, or to decide whether the relationship between the followers and the following is exist or not. The results of this study are the best modularity created with a value of 0.879 and the cluster test is 0.776.
Evaluation of the Corrosion Resistance of Different Types of Orthodontic Fixed Retention Appliances: A Preliminary Laboratory Study

(i) Objective: The present study aimed to compare the electrochemical corrosion resistance of six different types of fixed lingual retainer wires used as fixed retention appliances in an in vitro study. (ii) Methods: In the study, two different Ringer solutions, with pH 7 and pH 3.5, were used. Six groups were formed with five retainer wires in each group. In addition, 3-braided stainless steel, 6-braided stainless steel, Titanium Grade 1, Titanium Grade 5, Gold, and Dead Soft retainer wires were used. The corrosion current density (icorr), corrosion rate (CR), and polarization resistance (Rp) were determined from the Tafel polarization curves. (iii) Results: The corrosion current density of the Gold retainer group was statistically higher than the other retainer groups in both solutions (p < 0.05). The corrosion rate of the Dead Soft retainer group was statistically higher than the other retainer groups in both solutions (p < 0.05). The polarization resistance of the Titanium Grade 5 retainer group was statistically higher than the other retainer groups in both solutions (p < 0.05). As a result of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images, pitting corrosion was not observed in the Titanium Grade 1, Titanium Grade 5 and Gold retainer groups, while pitting corrosion was observed in the other groups. (iv) Conclusion: From a corrosion perspective, although the study needs to be evaluated in vivo, the Titanium Grade 5 retainer group included is in this in vitro study may be more suitable for clinical use due to its high electrochemical corrosion resistance and the lack of pitting corrosion observed in the SEM images.
Discrete time processing of linear scale-invariant signals and systems

In this paper, we formulate a framework for discrete-time processing of Linear Scale Invariant (LSI) systems which are invariant to scale changes in time. Continuous-time LSI systems can be processed by Mellin and Modified Scale Transforms analogous to the use of the Laplace and Fourier Transforms in the continuous- time processing of LTI systems. In this work, we present the geometric sampling theorem to prevent aliasing in the scale domain. We also derive the perfect reconstruction filter in time domain, the discrete-time convolution sum, the Discrete Time Modified Scale Transform (DTMST) and the Discrete Modified Scale Transform (DMST) for geometrically sampled signals.
Diffraction-limited performance and aberration tolerance of a sparse optical synthetic aperture imaging system with four sub-apertures

An investigation is made for a four-aperture, sparse optical synthetic aperture imaging system. The characteristics of both the diffraction-limited performance and the effects of aberrations on this system are obtained. According to the coverage range of optical transfer function, the space distribution's restrictive condition of sub-apertures and the diffraction-limited performance are deduced. The wavefront aberrations are classed as three types based on the relationship between the Strehl ratio and the sub-apertures' aberrations with the exponential approximation. The tolerance limits of piston error, tilt error and defocus error are calculated in terms of the Maréchal criterion,
The influence of a bubbly layer on near‐surface acoustic propagation and surface loss modeling

The impact of refraction, attenuation, and scattering due to a near‐surface bubbly layer on acoustic propagation modeling can be significant in appropriately sensitive surface duct and shallow water environments. Hall [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 86, 1103–1117 (1989)] presents a semi‐empirical acoustic model to determine the propagation affects of the bubbly layer on one‐way horizontal transmission in a surface duct. Expressions for the depth‐dependent complex sound speed and attenuation are used to extend the Hall model to the general near‐surface acoustic interaction problem. The rough surface scattering at the air–sea interface and the propagation through the subsurface bubbly layer are treated independently in a simplified approach toward examining the impact of bubbles on modeled surface duct and shallow water transmission loss. The dependence of the ‘‘effective’’ surface loss on grazing angle and wind speed are analyzed in the frequency band of approximately 0.5–5 kHz.
Rotation measures of low-latitude extragalactic sources and the magnetoionic structure of the Galaxy

Faraday rotation measurements of 56 extragalactic sources obtained predominantly in the range 45-93 deg, /b/ less than 5 deg are reported. Within the longitude range sampled in the present study, RM(l) = 1600 sin (l0 - l) rad/sq m, with a null in RM occurring at 62 deg. Under the assumption of a uniform circular geometry for the magnetic field lines, it is argued that the magnetoionic medium must exist to a Galactocentric radius of about 25 kpc to produce the observed magnitudes of the RMs, where it is assumed that ne and /B/ equal their local values of 0.03/cu cm and 2.1 micro-G out to Rm. The medium must exist to an even greater radius if ne and/or /B/ decrease with R, as is likely. Comparison of extragalactic and pulsar RMs along nearly coincident lines of sight is consistent with at least one field reversal exterior to the radius of the solar orbit about the Galactic center.
IoT Technology for Intelligent Management of Energy, Equipment and Security in Smart House

—The Internet of Things means that many of the daily devices used by humans will share their functions and information with each other or with humans by connecting to the Internet. The most important factor of the Internet of Things is the integration of several technologies and communication solutions. Identification and tracking technologies, wired and wireless sensors and active networks, protocols for increasing communication and intelligence of objects are the most important parts of the Internet of Things. In this article, an attempt has been made to determine the parts that can be used to make a house smart among the concepts and technologies related to web-based programs based on Internet of Things technology. Since it is very time-consuming to investigate the effect of all the Internet of Things technologies in smart homes, by studying and examining various types of research, the web-based program based on the Internet of Things is selected as an independent variable, and its effect on smart home management is investigated. For this purpose, a web-based program based on the Internet of Things for intelligent building energy management, intelligent equipment management, and intelligent security has been designed and implemented. As experimental results shown the proposed method the proposed method achieves better results compared to other existing methods in energy consumption by 33.8% reducing energy usage.
UNKNOWN INPUTS OBSERVERS DESIGN FOR DELAY SYSTEMS

This paper concerns the design of functional, reduced and full order observers for linear time delay systems with unknown inputs. A new method generalizing those existing in the literature is presented for systems with unknown inputs, these unknown inputs are present in both the state and the measurement equations. Conditions for the existence of these observers are given and sufficient conditions for the stability independent of delays are derived using linear matrix‐inequality (LMI) formulation. The independent of internal delay and independent of delay cases are also presented. A numerical example is presented to illustrate our approach.