Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Elastic constants and crystal anisotropy of titanium diboride

In this study, the elastic constants of a titanium diboride (TiB2) single crystal were measured using resonant ultrasound spectroscopy. In contrast to previous work, the current results are consistent with the measured elastic constants of TiB2 polycrystals. In addition, the crystal anisotropy of TiB2 was examined. The current data show that the elastic properties of TiB2 are much more isotropic than previously considered.
Radiochromic film spectroscopy of laser-accelerated proton beams using the FLUKA code and dosimetry traceable to primary standards

A new approach to spectroscopy of laser induced proton beams using radiochromic film (RCF) is presented. This approach allows primary standards of absorbed dose-to-water as used in radiotherapy to be transferred to the calibration of GafChromic HD-810 and EBT in a 29 MeV proton beam from the Birmingham cyclotron. These films were then irradiated in a common stack configuration using the TARANIS Nd:Glass multi-terawatt laser at Queens University Belfast, which can accelerate protons to 10-12 MeV, and a depth-dose curve was measured from a collimated beam. Previous work characterizing the relative effectiveness (RE) of GafChromic film as a function of energy was implemented into Monte Carlo depth-dose curves using FLUKA. A Bragg peak (BP) "library" for proton energies 0-15 MeV was generated, both with and without the RE function. These depth-response curves were iteratively summed in a FORTRAN routine to solve for the measured RCF depth-dose using a simple direct search algorithm. By comparing resultant spectra with both BP libraries, it was found that the effect of including the RE function accounted for an increase in the total number of protons by about 50%. To account for the energy loss due to a 20 micron aluminum filter in front of the film stack, FLUKA was used to create a matrix containing the energy loss transformations for each individual energy bin. Multiplication by the pseudo-inverse of this matrix resulted in "up-shifting" protons to higher energies. Applying this correction to two laser shots gave further increases in the total number of protons, N of 31% and 56%. Failure to consider the relative response of RCF to lower proton energies and neglecting energy losses in a stack filter foil can potentially lead to significant underestimates of the total number of protons in RCF spectroscopy of the low energy protons produced by laser ablation of thin targets.
VISUAL PERCEPTION BASED AUTOMATIC RECOGNITION OF CELL MOSAICS IN HUMAN CORNEAL ENDOTHELIUM MICROSCOPY IMAGES

The human corneal endothelium can be observed with two types of microscopes: classical optical microscope for ex-vivo imaging, and specular optical microscope for in-vivo imaging. The quality of the cornea is correlated to the endothelial cell density and morphometry. Automatic methods to analyze the human corneal endothelium images are still not totally efficient. Image analysis methods that focus only on cell contours do not give good results in presence of noise and of bad conditions of acquisition. More elaborated methods introduce regional informations in order to performthe cell contours completion, thus implementing the duality contour-region. Their good performance can be explained by their connections with several basic principles of human visual perception (Gestalt Theory and Marr's computational theory).
Reachability and Observability Concepts for Stochastic Systems

We define observability and reachability and introduce the corresponding Gramians for a Levy driven linear system like Benner, Damm in [3] which focused on the case of Wiener noise. We additionally show that the sets of observable and reachable states are characterized by these Gramians. This is analogous to deterministic systems, where observability and reachability concepts are described in Sections 4.2. 1 and 4.2. 2 in Antoulas [1]. (© 2013 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
New vector coding schemes for image and video compression

Vector transform coding (VTC) has been shown to be a promising new technique for image and video compression. Vector transformation (VT) reduces inter-vector correlation and preserves intra-vector correlation much better than scalar-based transforms such as the discrete cosine transform (DCT) so that vector quantization (VQ) in the VT domain can be made more efficient. In addition to finding a good vector transform, another important aspect of VTC is the codebook structure and bit-allocation in the VT domain. Vectors with different indices in the VT domain have very different characteristics. Given a total number of bits, the question is now to construct the codebooks and allocate bits to the vectors so that distortion is minimized. A new multi-layered codebook structure and a dynamic bit-allocation scheme have been developed. The main advantage of this method over a fixed bit-allocation scheme is that distortion is controlled by dynamically allocating more bits to vectors causing larger distortions and less bits to vectors causing smaller subband coding into vector case so that scalar-based operations are replaced by vector-based operations. In VSC, an image is first decomposed into a set of vector subbands (VSBs) using a vector filter bank (VFB), and then VQ is performed on all vectors in each VSB. The proposed VFB not only reduces inter-vector and inter-band correlation, but also preserves intra-vector correlation. This property makes the subsequent VQ much more efficient and allows large coding gain over conventional subband coding.
Monsoonal Influence on Typhoon Morakot (2009). Part I: Observational Analysis

AbstractTyphoon Morakot made landfall on Taiwan with a record rainfall of 3031.5 mm during 6–13 August 2009. While previous studies have emphasized the influence of southwesterly winds associated with intraseasonal oscillations and monsoon surges on moisture supply, the interaction between Morakot and low-frequency monsoon flows and the resulting influence on the slow movement and asymmetric precipitation structure of the typhoon were examined observationally.Embedded in multi-time-scale monsoonal flows, Morakot generally moved westward prior to its landfall on Taiwan and underwent a coalescence process first with a cyclonic gyre on the quasi-biweekly oscillation time scale and then with a cyclonic gyre on the Madden–Julian oscillation time scale. The coalescence enhanced the synoptic-scale southwesterly winds of Morakot and thus decreased its westward movement and turned the track northward, leading to an unusually long residence time in the vicinity of Taiwan. The resulting slow movement and collocation.
High-efficiency single-pass cw quasi-phase-matched frequency doubling based on PP-MgO:SLT

We demonstrate a single-pass cw quasi-phase-matched (QPM) frequency doubling based on periodically poled MgO-doped stoichiometric lithium tantalate (PP-MgO:SLT) with crystal length of 20mm. For the maximum 1064nm fundamental power of 7.69W, the maximum conversion efficiency and the maximum output second-harmonic power are 11.8% and 905mW, respectively. In the experiment we found that the optimum temperature of the oven for PP-MgO:SLT should be adjusted with the change of the fundamental power and the focal length. In addition, angular acceptance bandwidth and temperature acceptance bandwidth are studied. Their experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical calculations.
Effects of spatial sampling of satellite data on derived surface solar irradiance

Abstract The usefulness of satellites in climate research is primarily due to the ability to produce global, uniformly distributed, long term records of observations. To achieve efficiency in storing, there is a need to compromise on the spatial and temporal resolution of the data. Questions arise about the impact of the reduced resolution on the parameters to be derived. In this study the effect of different spatial sampling of satellite observations on retrieved surface solar irradiance (SW1) was studied. Our results indicate that sampled (8-km resolution) andareally averaged (50-km resolution) visible brightness is highly correlated; the correlation has a regional, seasonal,and diurnal dependence. Using the two different resolutions of satellite observations, SW1 was computed for awhole annual cycle. On the average, the results differed by about 8%-9%. Therefore, to validate satellite methodsagainst ground truth to an accuracy which exceeds 8%-9% of the mean, attention should be given to the typeof sat.
Coronary 3D reconstruction using IVUS images only: a numeric phantom investigation

Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) examination offers a tomographic view of the vessel, having the catheter tip as reference. During examination, the catheter is pulled back with a constant speed (0.5 or 1.0 mm/s) and the ultrasound transducer captures cross-sectional slices of the coronary. Currently, 3D IVUS reconstruction is based on single-plane or biplane angiography together with IVUS images. In this work, we present a preliminary approach to reconstruct tridimensionally the catheter path and coronary, based only on IVUS sequence. We have proposed a numeric phantom framework: coronary simulation, catheter dynamic path simulation, IVUS acquisition, reconstruction and validation. Our method infers the catheter path inside the coronary, based on shortest path graph algorithm. To reconstruct morphology, we have associated the catheter path and the position of the frame with smoothness costs, and solved it as a minimization problem. In this experiment we have used three different morphologies (straight, one curve and two curves) and 60 random initializations each for the initial point and angle of catheter insertion. The results for the plane containing the centerline of the catheter were 95.8% true positive and 8.5% false positive rates.
Effect of asymmetrical nanostructures on detecting the optical rotational properties of large biofilament structures

In this paper, the effect of tapered asymmetrical gammadion on the optical rotational properties and sensitivity detection of biomolecular structures is presented. The asymmetrical structure is made up of gold material on a glass structure and immersed in water. The chirality of the un-rotated array is first determined by measuring the circular dichroism (CD) spectrum. Three modes, arising from Bloch periodic theory and surface resonance mode are observed. Then each asymmetrical gammadion structure is tapered at the arms. Tapering fraction, which define the ratio of tapered end to the untapered end is used for defining the new design. The designs are then fabricated using e-beam lithography and tested using the polarimeter for CD spectra. The spectra show that the three CD modes changes in degree amplitude and wavelength, especially for smaller tapering fractions.
Hybridization of the lithium energy storage for an urban electric vehicle

This paper discusses beneﬁts of introducing an ultracapacitor (UC) bank into a battery electric vehicle (BEV) powertrain. The case of 12kWh LiFePO 4 battery pack is studied quantitatively. Simulation results refer, inter alia, to three main scenarios: fresh cells, half-used battery cells, and half-used ultracapacitors and batteries. Thermal modeling is incorporated into the simulation. Data from real world are considered: various driving cycles recorded using GPS receiver (incl. elevation), discharge curves from battery manufacturer, and UC equivalent series resistance (ESR) variations due to cycling according to real data reported in papers. Cost, as well as gravimetric and volumetric issues are presented. The key decisions referring to an energy storage for BEV being currently designed within the frame of ECO-Mobility Project are highlighted.
Simultaneous image and point spread function reconstruction for 3D light microscopy

Blind deconvolution algorithms are being developed for reconstructing (deblurring) 2D and 3D optically sectioned light micrographs, including widefield fluorescence, transmitted light brightfield and confocal fluorescence micrographs. The blind deconvolution concurrently reconstructs the point spread function (PSF) with the image data. This is important because it obviates the necessity to measure the PSF. The PSF measurement is esoteric and sometimes impossible and it thereby will hinder wide routine biological and clinical usage. The iterative algorithms are primarily based on a stochastic model of the physics of fluorescence quantum photons and the optimization criterion of maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), as extended from precursory nuclear medicine MLE algorithms. The algorithm design is mostly model based, although it contains some non- model-based components which have important practical benefits.
C$^{2}$MT: A Credible and Class-Aware Multi-Task Transformer for SR-IQA

In this letter a novel credible and class-aware multi-task transformer abbreviated as C<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>MT for SRIQA, is proposed. In the proposed C<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>MT, a quality-aware task for the quality prediction and the other class-aware task for the classification of SR algorithms are jointly framed to mine mutual information between the quality of SR images and the class of SR algorithms for more discriminative perceptual representation. In the class-aware task, we develop a supervised contrastive learning strategy to learn embedding perceived features related to a class-specific SR algorithm. While in the other quality-aware task, we employ a novel credible pseudo quality label generation strategy to actively adjust the quality labels by ranking the pair-wise consistency between the predicted quality scores and subjective perceptual scores but keep the image-level quality labels unchanged. The developed supervised contrastive learning and the variant of active learning strategies benefit learning a more consistent quality predictor for SR images. Experiment results indicate that our proposed C<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>MT achieves state-of-the-art results on five popular SRIQA benchmark databases.
Observations of a Phenomenal Temperature Perturbation in Tropical Cyclone Kerry (1979)

Abstract Observations are presented of a phenomenal upper tropospheric mesoscale temperature perturbation arising from the interaction between dissipating Tropical Cyclone Kerry (1979) and a midlatitude trough in the westerlies, which we describe as a black hole from its appearance on satellite imagery. We propose that this perturbation arose from dynamically forced subsidence along a confluence between the environments flow and outflow from a major convective complex. The frequency of occurrence and subsequent adjustment of the atmosphere is described and discussed.
Exploring the “McGurk effect”

McGurk discovered that when a videotape of a talker is dubbed with similar but mismatched utterances, the optic information exerts a strong influence on the speech that is perceived, often without the observer's awareness. In several studies, we explored further the effects of conflicting acoustic and optic information on consonant perception. The following questions were asked: (1) Do subjects report a consonant even when no consonantal cues are contained in the acoustic signal (an isolated vowel)? (2) How is acoustic‐optic place of articulation conflict resolved when acoustically specified manner (e.g., nasal, stop) restricts possible places of articulation? (3) How far does observers' awareness of acoustic‐optic discrepancy reduce cross‐modal integration? [Work supported by NICHD. ]
A NOTE ON ASYMPTOTIC INFERENCE IN AUTOREGRESSIVE MODELS WITH ROOTS ON THE UNIT CIRCLE

An estimation and inference procedure is proposed for parameters of the pth order autoregressive model with roots both on the unit circle and outside the unit circle. The procedure is motivated by the fact that the parameter estimates of the nonstationary part of the model have higher order consistency properties than the parameter estimates of the stationary part. The procedure allows the use of the known asymptotic distributional results of purely nonstationary models and purely stationary models. Only ordinary least squares routines are needed.
Outdoor evaluation of sound source localization for drone groups using microphone arrays

For robot and drone auditions, microphone arrays have been used for estimating sound source directions and sound source locations. By using sound source localization techniques, for example, drones can detect people calling for help even if the target person is not visible. Most sound source localization methods are based on estimated sound source directions and triangulation. However, when it comes to situations using drones, severe drone noise distorts direction estimation results which could worsen the localization results badly due to the discreteness of direction estimation. In this perspective, the authors have proposed a sound source localization method that can omit outlying triangulation points, which could improve its localization performance. In this paper, an outdoor experiment has been held, and the proposed method is evaluated whether it can localize a sound source even if real drone noise is added to the recordings. Experiment results show that the proposed method can localize with 4.15 m of estimation error for a sound source up to 50 m away, suppress the impact of outliers, and use only plausible triangulation points.
Simulation of Silicon Oxycarbide Waveguides for Shorter Band Photonics

In this research paper, we design and simulate Silicon Oxycarbide (SiOC) channel waveguides and photonic passive device such as directional coupler. SiOC channel waveguides are designed for different values of width and height at shorter wavelength band that is 1310 nm wavelength window with refractive index of SiOC (ncore) =2.2 μm and SiO2 (nclad) = 1.444 μm. TE and TM fundamental mode is achieved at width = 1.5 microns and height = 0.5 microns to understand the single mode operation of SiOC channel waveguides. The minimum bending radius of SiOC waveguide is found to be 30 microns that is large enough to integrate the large scale devices. Directional coupler is designed to measure the coupling power between waveguides with gap 0.6, 0.7 and 0.8 microns that gives the 3dB coupling at 20, 40 and 100 microns. In this research, silicon oxycarbide is presented as potential material platform for the highly efficient photonic devices.
Stable non-standard implicit finite difference schemes for non-linear heat transfer in a thin finite rod

In this study, first, three non-standard implicit finite difference schemes are proposed for solving the initial-boundary value problem involving a quartic non-linearity that arises in heat transfer involving conduction with thermal radiation. A thin finite rod exposed to radiating heat across its lateral surface into a medium of constant temperature and convection is ignored. Stability and consistency of the third scheme is proved. Numerical results are compared with non-standard explicit finite difference schemes that show fully stability of our third proposed scheme. Then, three non-standard implicit and three non-standard explicit finite difference schemes are proposed for solving the heat transfer problem with additional convection term. It is shown that in the second case when the model involves conduction, radiation and convection terms, the rod reaches steady state sooner. Numerical results for implicit and explicit schemes are compared and the effect of the convection term is discussed.
THE INTERSTELLAR RUBIDIUM ISOTOPE RATIO TOWARD HD169454

We report here on a new determination of the interstellar 85Rb/87Rb isotopic ratio for diffuse gas along the line of sight toward HD169454. We have detected no contribution of 87Rb in the Rb I absorption line at 7800 Å in this cloud. We deduce a lower limit of 85Rb/87Rb>2.4 (95% C.L.). This new value differs significantly from the only other reported local interstellar value of 1.21 ± 0.30(1σ) along a different line of sight, and is marginally consistent with the solar value of 2.43. We discuss the implications of this new isotopic ratio in the context of the various relevant models for the nucleosynthesis of heavy elements. We suggest that material in this cloud may be depleted in the main s-process component.
A multifrequency study of star formation in the blue compact dwarf galaxy IZw 36

Radio, near IR, optical, and UV observations of I Zw 36 = Mrk 209 = Haro 29 are reported. The H I distribution shows a core-halo structure, the core containing half of the mass and showing systematic motions; the halo is diffuse and contains several H I clumps. The visible star formation region is associated with the core but is shifted slightly with respect to the H I peak column density; and the virial mass is 5 to 7 times the H I mass. Star formation models with an initial mass function of slope 1.5 (the Salpeter value being 1.35) and a burst age or duration of a few million years fit well the optical spectrophotometric measurements. The data also suggest that the column density of molecular hydrogen in I Zw 36 is 6 + or - 3 times that of the neutral hydrogen, about the right amount to account for the virial mass.
TRANSIENT LINEAR PRICE IMPACT AND FREDHOLM INTEGRAL EQUATIONS

We consider the linear‐impact case in the continuous‐time market impact model with transient price impact proposed by Gatheral. In this model, the absence of price manipulation in the sense of Huberman and Stanzl can easily be characterized by means of Bochner’s theorem. This allows us to study the problem of minimizing the expected liquidation costs of an asset position under constraints on the trading times. We prove that optimal strategies can be characterized as measure‐valued solutions of a generalized Fredholm integral equation of the first kind and analyze several explicit examples. We also prove theorems on the existence and nonexistence of optimal strategies. We show in particular that optimal strategies always exist and are nonalternating between buy and sell trades when price impact decays as a convex function of time. This is based on and extends a recent result by Alfonsi, Schied, and Slynko on the nonexistence of transaction‐triggered price manipulation. We also prove some qualitative properties of optimal strategies and provide explicit expressions for the optimal strategy in several special cases of interest.
USER INVOLVEMENT IN INFORMATION SYSTEM QUALITY

system is the effectiveness of a user to understand the information system and implement the use of technology. One of the factors that can affect the quality of accounting information systems is user involvement, which will be the independent variable in this study. The purpose of this study was to examine and analyze the effect of user involvement on the quality of information systems in SMEs in Indonesia. The primary data used in this study was obtained by distributing questionnaires to 78 SMEs who participated in filling out the questionnaire. In this study, the data were analyzed using the structural equation model-PLS. The results showed that user involvement has a significant effect on the quality of information systems.
Predicting Market Behavior with Artificial Neural Networks: Gold Price as an Example

Due to the highly nonlinear and random nature of the financial time series, forecasting the price of a product of interest is a very challenging task. Artificial neural networks excel at connecting diverse data sets, which has significant potential for commercial operations. The current study investigates the possibility of applying machine learning techniques to forecast the price of a target product by using information from other stock indexes. The gold price was the selected product while the stock indexes were S&P500, NASDAQ, DAX 40, Dow-jones, Nikkei, and oil prices. The data used in the study covered the previous 10 years. The simulations showed that neural networks can be used for making accurate predictions for the price of gold for the next 50 days.