Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimizing nitrate removal and evaluating pollution swapping trade-offs from laboratory denitrification bioreactors

phosphorus (PO 43- ), methane (CH 4 ), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O). In 31 this study, laboratory-scale denitrifying bioreactors operated at hydraulic retention 32 times (HRTs) ranging from 4 to 22 d, containing either lodgepole pine woodchips 33 (LPW), lodgepole pine needles (LPN), barley straw (BBS) or cardboard, were 34 investigated to elucidate operational optima considering three scenarios using: (1) 35 only NO 3- net fluxes (2) NO 3- , NH 4+ and PO 43- combined fluxes (3) all fluxes (water 36 and gaseous) combined. At the end of the experiment, after up to 745 days of 37 operation, the bioreactors were destructively sampled for microbial analysis. In 38 Scenario 1, there was a net removal in the bioreactors, which generally performed 39 best at shorter HRTs. In Scenario 2, there was a net release of contaminants from all 40 bioreactors, which substantially increased in Scenario 3. Total greenhouse gas 41 emissions were highest for the cardboard bioreactors (296 g CO 2 -eq m -2 d -1 ) at the 42 longest HRT, and were dominated by CH 4 emissions. Highest N 2 O emissions 43 emanated from LPN and LPW bioreactors, which also had a greater proportion of 44 denitrifiers than the other bioreactors. Overall, considering all three scenarios, LPN 45 bioreactors were the best performing at all HRTs. However, the long-term availability 46 of its carbon source may be limited, as there was an 80% reduction over a 560 d 47 period. 48
The Rna Ontology Consortium: an Open Invitation to the Rna Community

Affiliations: Department of Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43402, USA. Stanford Medical Informatics, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA. Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, 111 Koshland Hall #3102, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3102, USA. Department of Microbiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA. Department of Biological Chemistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA. School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta GA 30332, USA. Department of Structural Biology, Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory MS64R0121, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720-8118, USA. Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, 539 Life Sciences Addition, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200, USA. Département d’Informatique et de Recherche Opérationnelle, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada. Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 712, Rochester, NY 14642, USA. Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710-3711, USA. Department of Molecular Biology, Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du CNRS, UPR ‘Architecture et réactivité de l’ARN’, Université Louis Pasteur, 15 rue René Descartes, 67084 Strasbourg, France.
INSTRUMENTS TO ASSESS THE PATIENT COMFORT DURING HOSPITALIZATION: A PSYCHOMETRIC REVIEW PROTOCOL

Aim : To analyse the psychometric properties, outcomes and utility of instruments measuring the patient comfort during hospitalization. Background : While there are numerous systematic reviews assessing the psychometric properties of health care instruments, none of them is devoted to evaluate the psychometric properties of instruments measuring comfort, which is considered an indicator of quality in health care and is associated to quicker discharges, increased patient satisfaction and stronger cost-benefit ratios for the institution. Design : Systematic review. Methods : The review will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Guidelines (PRISMA). Search will be performed on MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Knowledge, ProQuest Thesis&Dissertations, and grey literature, and will be focused questionnaires measuring the patient comfort as a holistic experience in any health care setting. The assessment will take into account the theoretical model upon which the instruments are built, will evaluate the psychometric properties of each study according to the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement INstruments (COSMIN), and will include the assessment of the quality of instruments outcomes and their cost-efficiency, acceptability and educational impact. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO, CRD42016036290, and was supported by the Grant PSI2014-52962-P, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (July, 2015) . Discussion : The results of our psychometric review will categorise the instruments measuring the patient comfort according to their psychometric properties, methodological quality, outcomes and utility, in order to improve the quality of health care provided and the institution´s benefits.
Central Lancashire Online Knowledge (CLoK)

It is widely held that single-word lexical access is a competitive process, a view based largely on the observation that naming a picture is slowed in the presence of a distractor-word. However, problematic for this view is that a low-frequency distractor-word slows the naming of a picture more than does a high-frequency word. This supports an alternative, response-exclusion, account in which a distractor-word interferes because it must be excluded from an articulatory output buffer before the right word can be articulated (the picture name): A high, compared to low, frequency word accesses the buffer more quickly and, as such, can also be excluded more quickly. Here we studied the respective roles of competition and response-exclusion for the first time in the context of semantic verbal fluency, a setting requiring the accessing of, and production of, multiple words from long-term memory in response to a single semantic cue. We show that disruption to semantic fluency by a sequence of to-be-ignored spoken distractors is also greater when those distractors are low in frequency, thereby extending the explanatory compass of the response-exclusion account to a multiple-word production setting and casting further doubt on the lexical-selection-by-competition view. The results can be understood as reflecting the contribution of speech output processes to semantic fluency.
Spontaneous and Planned Movement Among the Makianese of Eastern Indonesia

This paper focuses on why the people of Makian in Eastern Indonesia are attempting to safeguard the continuity of a long tradition of circular mobility by resisting a scheme for resettlement that has been carefully planned for their socioeconomic well-being. The transmigration project at Malifut is at marked variance with long-standing habit and practice in local mobility behavior. Greater attention should be paid to the cognitive dimensions of culture such as the mental maps that people have of movement. This field research on Makian revealed 2 often neglected aspects: 1) the study of traditional patterns of mobility behavior and 2) simultaneous inquiry into areas of both origin and destination. The unattractiveness of the resettlement area at Malifut to the Makianese thus cannot be adequately explained by their practical objections for according to these criteria it is as attractive a place as south-west Halmahera. The emotional dimension -- the persistent strong attachment to home villages on Makian -- is the key irrespective of whether the people holding these views actually reside on Makian or not. Relocation of the islands entire population to the transmigration area would end a centuries-old system of movement in which Makian itself was the pivot.
DETERMINANTS OF BANK PERFORMANCE: REVISITING THE DETERMINANTS OF BANK PERFORMANCE: REVISITING THE ROLE OF CEO’S PERSONALITY TRAITS USING GRAPHOLOGY ROLE OF CEO’S PERSONALITY TRAITS USING GRAPHOLOGY

It is well-known that Chief Executive Officer (CEO) plays an important role in the success of many businesses. In this study, we revisit the relationship between CEO’s personality and firm performance for 27 Vietnamese commercial banks. We use graphology to classify 299 handwritten signatures of CEOs into different personality traits such as extraversion or conscientiousness. Those personalities, among other factors (e
CEO Incentives and Firm Size

We develop a model that clarifies how to measure CEO incentive strength and how to reconcile the enormous differences in pay sensitivities between executives in large and small firms. The crucial parameter is shown to be the elasticity of CEO productivity with respect to firm size. We find that CEO marginal products rise significantly with firm size (confirming Rosen’s conjecture that CEOs of large firms have a “chain letter” effect on firm performance), and overall CEO incentives are roughly constant, or decline slightly, with firm size. We employ a multitask model to discuss implications for the design of control systems.
University of Birmingham Agrarian stress and climate change in the Eastern Gangetic Plains: Gendered vulnerability in a stratified social formation

This paper reviews the complex impact of climate change on gender relations and associated vulnerability on the Eastern Gangetic plains of Nepal and India. Field research has identified that gendered vulnerability to climate change is intricately connected to local and macro level political economic processes. Rather than being a single driver of change, climate is one among several stresses on agriculture, alongside a broader set of non-climatic processes. While these pressures are linked to large scale political-economic processes, the response on the ground is mediated by the local level relations of class and caste, creating stratified patterns of vulnerability. The primary form of gendered vulnerability in the context of agrarian stress emerges from male out-migration, which has affected the distribution of labour and resources. While migration occurs amongst all socio-economic groups, women from marginal farmer and tenant households are most vulnerable. While the causes of migration are only indirectly associated with climate change, migration itself is rendering women who are left behind from marginal households, more vulnerable to ecological shocks such as droughts due to the sporadic flow of income and their reduced capacity for investment in off-farm activities. It is clear that policies and initiatives to address climate change in stratified social formations such as the Eastern Gangetic plains, will be ineffective without addressing the deeper structural intersections between class, caste and gender.
Data Revisions and the Identification of Monetary Policy Shocks

Monetary policy research using time series methods has been criticized for using more information than the Federal Reserve had available in setting policy. To quantify the role of this criticism, we propose a method to estimate a VAR with real-time data while accounting for the latent nature of many economic variables, such as output. Our estimated monetary policy shocks are closely correlated with a typically estimated measure. The impulse response functions are broadly similar across the methods. Our evidence suggests that the use of revised data in VAR analyses of monetary policy shocks may not be a serious limitation.
HCV Seroreactivity and Detection of HCV RNA in Hepatitis Cases

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) known to be associated with wide variety of liver pathology. It is less studied in India as compared to western region. Methods: Suspected patients sera screened for HCV by ELISA and conﬁrmed with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) along with routine investigations and liver proﬁle. All HCV positive patients were undergone liver biopsy. Results: All 24 HCV ELISA reactive and two ELISA indeterminate sera are conﬁrmed by RT-PCR. The liver biopsy of these patients showed normal picture (19.2%), Acute hepatitis (11.5%), Chronic hepatitis (23.7%), Cirrhosis (34.72%), Hepato-cellular carcinoma (HCC) (15.38%). ALT levels were not signiﬁcant. Conclusion: All the suspected HCV cases need to be conﬁrmed for HCV by RT-PCR.
The natural compound dimethylsimmondsin present in jojoba reveals food restricting properties

: Obesity has become a serious medical problem in developed countries. Currently marketed anti-obesity drugs have limited efficacy and significant adverse effects, creating a significant need for a new generation of anti-obesity therapeutics. For optimal efficacy, new drugs should aim to both reduce appetite and increase energy expenditure, or at minimum, counteract the reduction in energy expenditure resulting from decreased food intake. Prevention is often more effective than a cure
Chapter 11 Energy-efficient methods for cloud radio access networks

Cloud radio access network (C-RAN) is an evolutionary radio network architecture in which a cloud-computing-based baseband (BB) signal-processing unit is shared among distributed low-cost wireless access points. This architecture offers a number of significant improvements over the traditional RANs, including better network scalability, spectral, and energy efficiency. As such C-RAN has been identified as one of the enabling technologies for the next-generation mobile networks. This chapter focuses on examining the energy-efficient transmission strategies of the C-RAN for cellular systems. In particular, we present optimization algorithms for the problem of transmit beamforming designs maximizing the network energy efficiency. In general, the energy efficiency maximization in C-RANs inherits the difficulty of resource allocation optimizations in interference-limited networks, i.e., it is an intractable nonconvex optimization problem. We first introduce a globally optimal method based on monotonic optimization (MO) to illustrate the optimal energy efficiency performance of the considered system. While the global optimization method requires extremely high computational effort and, thus, is not suitable for practical implementation, efficient optimization techniques achieving near-optimal performance are desirable in practice. To fulfill this gap, we present three low-complexity approaches based on the state-of-the-art local optimization framework, namely, successive convex approximation (SCA).
Are Social Impact Bonds Innovative Finance Tools or Do They Help Support Social Innovation Processes? A Comparative Analysis of First Generation UK and US Programs

Outcomes Based Commissioning (OBC), for example, Pay for Success in the US - Payment by Results in the UK - has been suggested as a way to provide ‘more’ social services for ‘less’ public resources. Such commissioning is often linked with an innovative financing tool called a Social Impact Bond (SIB). Using data from the Social Finance UK Database and comparing the first wave of SIBs between the US and UK, we evaluate whether the SIB approach aligns with the theoretical predictions of social innovation. The results provide only limited evidence that SIBs facilitate capital injections from the private sector into the production of social goods as well as facilitate parts of the process of social innovation – namely piloting and scaling. We further conclude that there is significant variation, both between the US and UK and within the US, in social innovation ecosystems and the role played by SIBs.
Cost-Effective and Power-Efficient Beamforming Remote Antenna Units for Millimeterwave Distributed Antenna Systems

To support the most demanding new applications, beyond5G systems will more than ever rely on multi-antenna deployments and mm-wave spectrum. Unfortunately, due to its propagation properties, ultra-reliable high-data-rate mm-wave coverage seems elusive. Distributed antenna systems based on mm-wave-over-fiber constitute a strong candidate technology to unlock reliable mm-wave coverage, although the concept critically depends for a large part on the availability of cost-effective and power-efficient remote antenna units (RAUs). This contribution identifies two promising implementations for cost-effective and power-efficient beamforming at RAU-level, being a wideband Butler-matrix-based solution and a leaky-wave antenna (LWA), and validates them by means of system-level measurements. While the LWA-based RAU results in the lowest complexity with continuous beamsteering control, accurate control of the signal’s carrier frequency is required, which is unacceptable for many applications. Notwithstanding its slightly higher complexity, the Butler-matrix-based RAU is widely applicable and allows reuse of the same frequency spectrum for multiple sectors.
Identification and Analysis of Land Use Change in Doha Downtown 1 Neighbourhoods 2

Northumbria University has developed Northumbria Research Link (NRL) to enable users to access the University’s research output. Copyright © and moral rights for items on NRL are retained by the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. Single copies of full items can be reproduced, displayed or performed, and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided the authors, title and full bibliographic details are given, as well as a hyperlink and/or URL to the original metadata page. The content must not be changed in any way. Full items must not be sold commercially in any format or medium without formal permission of the copyright holder. The full policy is available online: http://nrl.northumbria. ac.uk/policies.html
Probe: Learning Users’ Personal Projection Bias in Inter-Temporal Choices

Inter-temporal choices involve making decisions that require weighing costs in the present against benefits in the future. One specific type of inter-temporal choice is the decision between purchasing an individual item at full price or opting for a bundle including that item at a discounted price. Previous works assume that users have accurate expectations of factors involved in these decisions. However, in reality, users’ perceptions of these factors are often biased, leading to irrational and suboptimal decision-making. In this work, we focus on two commonly observed biases: the projection bias and the reference-point effect. To address these biases, we propose a novel bias-embedded preference model called Probe. Probe introduces prospect theory from behavioral economics to model these biases, which incorporates a weight function to capture the projection bias and a value function to account for the reference-point effect. We propose a new method to learn users’ individual projection biases from historical records and present four methods to estimate the reference point within the value function. We theoretically analyze the impact of projection bias on bundle pricing strategies. Through experimental results, we show that the proposed Probe model outperforms existing methods and leads to a better understanding of users’ behaviors in bundle purchases. This investigation can facilitate a deeper comprehension of users’ decision-making processes, enable personalized services, and help sellers design better product bundling strategies.
Control Engineering

This paper focuses on the control of quadrotor vehicles without wind sensors that are required to accurately track low-speed trajectories in the presence of moderate yet unknown wind gusts. By modeling the wind disturbance as exogenous inputs, and assuming that compensation of its effects can be achieved through quasi-static vehicle motions, this paper proposes an innovative estimation and control scheme comprising a linear dynamic filter for the estimation of such unknown inputs and requiring only position and attitude information. The filter is built upon results from Unknown Input Observer theory and allows estimation of wind and vehicle state without measurement of the wind itself. A simple feedback control law can be used to compensate for the offset position error induced by the disturbance. The proposed filter is independent of the recovery control scheme used to nullify the tracking error, as long as the corresponding applied rotor speeds are available. The solution is first checked in simulation environment by using the Robot Operating System middleware and the Gazebo simulator and then experimentally validated with a quadcopter system flying with real wind sources.
Aircraft Encounters with Mountain Wave-Induced Clear Air Turbulence: Hindcasts and Operational Forecasts using an Improved Global Model

Abstract : Mountain waves are important dynamical processes that require global modeling and forecasting. Variable distributions of mountain wave-induced drag and diffusion modify both the fine-scale and synoptic-scale circulations of the atmosphere. Global numerical weather prediction (NWP) models cannot resolve mountain waves and so must parameterize mountain wave effects globally to improve both their climatologies and forecast skill (Palmer et al. 1986; Zhou et al. 1996). Breaking mountain waves can also generate severe clear-air turbulence, thereby endangering aviation (Lilly 1978; Ralph et al. 1997). Mountain waves are particularly important in the stratosphere and mesosphere. Breaking waves drive global circulation patterns at these heights (Norton and Thuburn 1999), while the perturbations dominate the mesoscale stratospheric dynamics around undular terrain (Eckermann and Preusse 1999; Whiteway 1999), triggering stratosphere-troposphere exchange [Lamarque et al., 1996] and formation of ozone destroying polar stratospheric clouds [Carslaw et al.,1999]. Thus, global models of their effects are needed not just within the troposphere, but up to mesospheric heights of ~100 km. This work focuses on one such model, known as the Mountain Wave Forecast Model (MWFM), which we have developed and extended recently. We focus here on some recent applications of the model in forecasting mountain wave-induced turbulence for aviation.
Plant functional trait effects on soil meso-and macrofauna communities

Understanding aboveground-belowground linkages and their consequences for ecosystem functioning is a major challenge in soil ecology. It is already well established that soil communities drive essential ecosystem processes, such as nutrient cycling, decomposition, or carbon storage. However, knowledge of how plant diversity affects belowground community structure is limited. Such knowledge can be gained from studying the main plant functional traits that modulate plant community effects on soil fauna. Here, we used a grassland experiment manipulating plant species richness and plant functional diversity to explore the effects of community-level plant traits on soil meso-and macrofauna and the trophic structure of soil fauna by differentiating predators and prey. The functional composition of plant communities was described by six plant traits related to spatial and temporal resource use: plant height, leaf area, rooting depth, root length density, growth start, and flowering start. Community-Weighted Means (CWMs), Functional Dissimilarity (FDis), and Functional Richness (FRic) were calculated for each trait. Community-level plant traits better explained variability in soil fauna than did plant species richness. Notably, each soil fauna group was affected by a unique set of plant traits. Moreover, the identity of plant traits (CWM) explained more variance of soil fauna groups than trait diversity. The abundances of soil fauna at the lower trophic levels were better explained by community-level plant traits than higher trophic levels soil fauna groups. Taken together, our results highlight the importance of the identity of different plant functional traits in driving the diversity and trophic structure of soil food communities.