Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Targeted prophylaxis of postoperative delirium.

I N this issue of ANESTHESIOLOGY, Hakim et al. present results of a randomized trial of a pharmacologic intervention to prevent development of postoperative delirium in patients who demonstrated early signs of cognitive instability. Delirium is a serious and frequent postoperative complication that is frightening for patients and stressful for families. Delirium is associated with prolonged critical care and hospitalization, long-term cognitive decline, and mortality. 4 The syndrome is most common in geriatric surgical patients (15– 62%) and is especially common among patients requiring intensive care (70–87%). Previous studies indicate that prophylactic administration of antipsychotic medications reduces the risk of developing postoperative delirium, although a clear effect on the consequences of delirium remains to be established. Given that many surgical patients do not develop postoperative delirium, it is inefficient to treat all with drugs that incur some cost and are at least potentially associated with complications. Even among higher-risk populations, it would thus be helpful to target prophylaxis toward patients most likely to become delirious. Hakim et al. approach this issue by restricting prophylaxis to patients who had some evidence of disturbed cognition but who did not (yet) meet the formal criteria for a delirium diagnosis. Specifically, they defined “subsyndromal” delirium by a score of 1–3 (of a maximum of 8) on the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist scale. This well-validated scoring system is an alternative to the widely used Confusion Assessment Method for critical care patients (CAM-ICU). There is currently no consensus on the definition of subsyndromal delirium, but a score of 1–3 on the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist scale has been used previously, and has been associated with worsened outcome. Their approach proved effective. Among 177 patients meeting enrollment criteria (including not already being delirious), 76 never developed subsyndromal delirium and thus avoided prophylactic treatment. In addition, of 51 subsyndromal patients given prophylactic risperidone (an atypical antipsychotic agent that appears to prevent delirium), 7 (14%) developed delirium; in contrast, 17 of 50 patients (34%) given placebo developed delirium (P 0.03). The efficacy of risperidone was thus almost exactly as reported previously by Prakanrattana and Prapaitrakool in which a group of high-risk patients were randomized to risperidone or placebo without considering subsyndromal status: 32% versus 11%, P 0.01). Two studies thus document the efficacy of risperidone for prevention of delirium. But Hakim et al. also show that—even within a high-risk population—treatment can be further targeted, thus preventing unnecessary drug administration to approximately 40% of the patients. The overall delirium rate reported by Hakim et al. (24 cases among 177 patients) was only 13%. Even if the delir-
Participants' perspectives of training experiences: An exploratory qualitative study

Participants’ Perspectives of Training Experiences: An Exploratory Qualitative Study. (May 2010) Robin Smith Mathis, B.A., Texas Tech University; M.A., Texas State University Co-Chairs of Advisory Committee: Dr. Toby Marshall Egan Dr. Fredrick M. Nafukho Perceptions concerning training and development continue to appear in practitioner literature; however, the fact that those perceptions are not explored in HRD literature is a problem. The purpose of this study was to examine perspectives of participants in organization-sponsored training. A general qualitative methodology was utilized in this study. Then, through a social constructivism lens, the researcher looked closely at the interactions described in the trainees’ experiences in order to understand their assumptions and how they made sense of their experiences. The researcher collected 10 interviews from participants representing various types of training experiences. The 10 interviewees identified shared experiences that led to the formation of four themes: (1) relevance and applicability, (2) attitudes and preferences, (3) immediacy, and (4) relational learning. Within the first theme, there were three subthemes: (1) responsibility for relevance and application, (2) communicating relevance, and (3) trainees’ recognition of relevance and application. Theme 2, immediacy, consisted of three subthemes as well. Immediacy was explained by trainees as verbal, nonverbal, and environmental. No subthemes emerged from the other two themes. Finally, the themes revealed two episodic narratives. The two narratives were “Time is money--Is this worth the time? ” and “If you don’t care, I don’t
Bully Blocking: Six Secrets to Help Children Deal with Teasing and Bullying

Dedication. Introduction. Part One - Understanding Bullying. 1. Bullying - an overview. 2. Bullies and targets. 3. What causes bullying? 4. The damage done. Part Two -Taking action. 5.First, transform your child's attitudes 6. How parents can help. 7. What schools can do Part Three - The Six Secrets of Relating. 8. Regulate your feelings - secret 1. 9. Understand why you are bullied or a bully - Secret 2. 10. Build your self-esteem - Secret 3. 11. Become a confident communicator - Secret 4. 12. Create your own 'power pack' - Secret 5. 13. Develop a support network - Secret 6. Teachers' supplement. Author's notes. Acknowledgements. Resources. Index.
Teaching recursion in a procedural environment—how much should we emphasize the computing model?

Recursion is a powerful and essential computational problem solving tool, but the concept of recursion is difficult to comprehend. Students that master the conventional programming construct of iteration in procedural programming environments, find it hard to utilize recursion.This study started as a test of CS College students' utilization of recursion. It was conducted after they have completed CS1, where they studied recursion with the C programming language. The test revealed that students adhere to the iterative pattern of "forward accumulation", due to their confidence with the iteration construct, but lack of trust of the recursion mechanism. These results motivated us to get more insight into the nature of recursion difficulties and ways to overcome them.In this paper we describe the difficulties we observed, and present a declarative, abstract, approach that contributed to overcome them. We question the emphasis that should be put on the basic computing model when presenting recursion, and argue for emphasis on the declarative approach for teaching recursion formulation in a procedural programming environment.
Study on Bacterial Strains Causing Blood and Urinary Tract Infections in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Determination of Their Antibiotic Resistance Pattern

Background: Infections are considered as one of the main factors of neonatal mortality, especially in developing countries. Blood and urine infections are one of the most prevalent infectious factors among the infants. On the other hand, resistance against antimicrobial factors is one of the major problems in the world, and it is important to be informed about antibiotic resistance pattern of microorganisms for treatment of infections. Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the bacterial strains causing blood and urinary tract infections in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and determine their antibiotic resistance pattern. Materials and Methods: In this study, the microorganisms of 150 blood and urine samples of infants hospitalized in NICUs of Imam Hussein Hospital, Children Hospital Center and Bahrami Hospital in Tehran, Iran, were collected during seven months, and the antimicrobial resistance patterns of the isolates were studied by the Kirby-Bauer test. Results: During the seven-month study on 105 samples, including 85 (81%) urine samples and 20 (19%) blood samples, 81 samples (77.1%) were Gram-negative and 24 (22.9%) were Gram-positive organisms. Klebsiella pneumoniae (30.5%) was the most common Gram-negative microorganisms and Staphylococcus epidermidis (11.4%) was the most prevalent Gram-positive microorganisms. The most antimicrobial susceptibility in Gram-negative microorganisms was shown to ciprofloxacin (84.2%) and in Gram- positive ones was shown to vancomycin (83.3%). Conclusions: This results of the study show that the most contamination in NICUs is from Gram-negative bacteria and ciprofloxacin is the most effective antibiotic for treatment. Thus, the control of infections in NICUs in hospitals is very important.
Sensitivity of Neurons in the Middle Temporal Area of Marmoset Monkeys to Random Dot Motion

Neurons in the Middle Temporal area (MT) of the primate cerebral cortex respond to moving stimuli. Their sensitivity to noisy motion signals is often characterized by using random-dot stimuli, where the coherence of the motion signal is manipulated. In macaques, this has allowed the calculation of "neurometric" thresholds, which can be compared to the animal’s behavioral performance. There has been growing interest in the marmoset monkey, a species in which area MT is fully exposed on the surface of the brain, but responses of MT neurons to random-dot stimuli with noise have not been characterized. In sufentanil/nitrous oxide anesthetized marmosets, we found that MT neurons show a wide range of neurometric thresholds, similar to observations in macaques, and that the thresholds of the most sensitive neurons can account for the behavioral performance of macaques and humans. We also investigated factors that contributed to the wide range of observed thresholds. The difference in firing rate between responses to motion in the preferred and null directions was the most effective predictor of neurometric threshold, whereas the direction tuning bandwidth had no correlation with the threshold. We also showed that it is possible to obtain good neurometric thresholds using stimuli that were not highly optimized for each neuron, as is often necessary when recording from large populations of neurons. These results demonstrate that marmoset MT shows an essential similarity to macaque MT, and suggests that it is capable of representing motion signals that would allow for comparable motion-in-noise judgments.
Water Demand Management and Economic Value of Water in the Indus Basin

1 CHAPTER 1 . 3 INTRODUCTION . 3 Water Resources . 3 Role of Water in the Economy . 3 Water and Agricultural Economy . 4 Need for the Integrated Approach . 6 Objectives of the Study . 8 CHAPTER 2 . 9 REVIEW OF LITERATURE . 9 Water Scarcity . 9 Reliability . 11 Adequacy . 12 Efficiency . 13 Equity . 14 Sustainability . 15 Participation . 16 Institutional and Policy . 17 International Studies . Error! Bookmark not defined. Water Pricing Experience in Developing Countries . 26 Water Pricing in Pakistan . 46 CHAPTER 3 . 59 DATA AND METHODOLOGY . 59 Water Balance Estimation . 60 Concept and Methodology . 60 Supply and Demand of Water for Agriculture Sector . 63 Water Supply . 63 Water Demand . 63 Supply and Demand of Water for Domestic Sector . 64 Water Supply . 64 Water Demand . 64 Supply and Demand of Water for Industrial Sector . 65 Water Supply . 65 Water Demand . 66 Projections of Water Supply and Demand for Various Sectors . 67 Agriculture Sector . 67 Assumption for the above models . 67 Domestic Water Sector . 69 Projected water demand for the domestic water sector was estimated considering the following expression: . 69 Projected surface water demand for the domestic water sector was estimated using the following relationship: . 70 Industrial Sector . 71 Estimation of Economic Value of Irrigation Water . 73 The Residual Imputation Approach . 73 Derivation. 74 Measuring and pricing outputs . 75 Marginal Cost Pricing . 77 Linear Programming . 78 The "Change in Net Income" Method . 78 Hypotheses: The following hypotheses were conceived: . 82 CHAPTER 4 . 83 WATER BALANCE, SUPPLY AND DEMAND PROJECTIONS . 83 Conceptual frame work of water balance . 83 Water Budget . 86 Alternate Water Budget Estimation . 89 Water Balance for Indus Basin (2003-04) . 91 Estimation of Supply and Demand . 93 Projections of Supply and demand for year 2015 . 95 Supply and Demand Projections of Agriculture: . 95 Supply and Demand for the Domestic Use . 97 Supply and Demand Domestic use: . 97 Projection of Supply and Demand for domestic Use 2015: . 98 Industrial Supply and Demand . 100 Projection of Supply and Demand for the Industrial Use 2015: . 101 Demand (BCM) . 102 Water Use Efficiency . 103 Global and Local Definitions . 103 Water Use efficiency: . 104 Irrigation Efficiency . 106 CHAPTER 5 . 109 LINEAR PROGRAMMING MODEL AND MODEL RESULTS . 109 Model Validation . 109 The Model Results . 110 Head and Tail Farms Analysis . 114 Sensitivity Analysis of Irrigation water . 117 CHAPTER 6 . 121 ECONOMIC VALUE OF IRRIGATION WATER .
Effect of combined levels of nitrogen and zinc on yield and yield attributes of kharif maize (Zea mays L.)

A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, School of Agriculture, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Jaipur-Rajasthan during kharif season of 2018 to study the effect of combined levels of nitrogen and zinc on yield and yield attributes of maize (Zea mays L.)” The experiment was laid down in randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. The maize crop was subjected to three different treatment levels of nitrogen (150,120 and 90 kg ha-1) along with two levels of zinc (15 and 25 kg ha-1) and untreated control which were used and arranged into seven different treatment combinations. It was revealed from the present investigation that the progressive increase in yield () and yield attributes like cob length (17.86 cm), cob weight (121.18 g), cobs/plant (2.66), number of grain rows per cob (14.73), 100 grain weight (24.93 g), harvest index (40.99 g) per ha-1 was noted in combined treatment comprised of 150kg N + 25kg ZnSo4 against significantly minimum in plots with zero application of both nitrogen and zinc (control). The same treatment also gave highest B:C ratio (1.63) and net return of Rs.59108. 00 ha-1 as compared to other treatments under study. Thus it is concluded from the present investigation that 150 kg nitrogen ha-1 in combination with 25 kg zinc ha-1 was found more effective in enhancing higher maize yield, yield attributes as well economic parameters than rest of the treatments.
Combination of plant growth-promoting bacteria and botanical pesticide increases organic red rice yield and reduces the Leptocorisa acuta population

Abstract. Hoesain M, Prastowo S, Suharto, Pradana AP, Asyiah IN, Alfarizy FK, Adiwena M. 2021. Combination of plant growth-promoting bacteria and botanical pesticide increases organic red rice yield and reduces the Leptocorisa acuta population. Biodiversitas 22: 1686-1694. Organic red rice production faces similar constraints as conventional rice production, namely pest attacks, especially rice earhead bugs (Leptocorisa acuta). The use of synthetic chemical inputs is also not allowed in organic red rice production. This problem can be overcome with the application of botanical pesticides, but the use of botanical pesticides do not promote plant growth. As a solution, a combination formula of plant growth-promoting bacteria and botanical pesticides is required. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a combination of plant growth-promoting bacteria with botanical pesticides in increasing the growth and yield of organic red rice plants and reducing the rice earhead bug population. The research was conducted on organic agricultural land in Jember Regency, Indonesia. The research began with the extraction of botanical pesticides from the leaves of Azadirachta indica, Aglaia odorata, and Ageratum conyzoides using 96% ethanol. The bacterial isolates obtained and characterized in previous studies were tested for their compatibility and cell viability in the combination formula. The field experiment was conducted with 8 treatments, 3 replications, and each replication consisted of 150 rice plants. The randomization pattern followed a randomized block design pattern. The results showed that all bacteria were compatible when combined with 20% botanical pesticides. In addition, cell viability at 3 months of storage decreased, but not significantly. In the organic rice growth variable, all combinations of bacteria with botanical pesticides showed good performance to increase the plant growth. Increased plant growth occurred in the number of tillers, plant height, and the number of productive panicles. Furthermore, yield variables, fresh seed weight per panicle, dry seed weight per panicle, and weight of 1000 seeds also increased significantly after being treated with a combination of plant growth-promoting bacteria and botanical pesticides. The decline in the rice earhead bug population also occurred in all plants treated using botanical pesticides either singly or in combination. The best treatments in this study were BS01 and PD01, which showed consistent results. This study provides information that the combination of plant growth-promoting bacteria and botanical pesticides is compatible, does not cause a high number decrease of bacterial cells at a shelf-life of 3 months, and can stimulate the growth and yield of organic red rice, and can suppress rice earhead bug populations.
Real-Time Change Detection At the Edge

Detecting changes in real-time using remote sensing data is of paramount importance in areas such as crop health monitoring, weed detection, and disaster management. However, real-time change detection using remote sensing imagery faces several challenges: a) it requires real-time data extraction which is a challenge for traditional satellite imagery sources such as MODIS and LANDSAT due to the latency associated with collecting and processing the data. Due to the advances made in the past decade in drone technology, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) can be used for real-time data collection. However, a large percentage of this data will be unlabeled which limits the use of well-known supervised machine learning methods; b) from an infrastructure perspective, the cloud-edge solution of processing the data collected from UAVs (edge) only on the cloud is also constrained by latency and bandwidth-related issues. Due to these limitations, transferring large amounts of data between cloud and edge, or storing large amounts of information regarding past time periods on an edge device is infeasible. We can limit the amount of data transferred between the cloud and edge by performing analyses on-the-fly at the edge using low-power devices (edge devices) that can be connected to UAVs. However, edge devices have computational and memory bottlenecks, which would limit the usage of complex machine learning algorithms. In this paper, we demonstrate how an unsupervised GMM-based real-time change detection method at the edge can be used to identify weeds in real-time. We evaluate the scalability of our method on edge computing and traditional devices such as NVIDIA Jetson TX2, RTX 2080, and traditional Intel CPUs. We perform a case study for weed detection on images collected from UAVs. Our results demonstrate both the efficacy and computational efficiency of our method.
Development and testing indicators of restoration success: Punakaiki coastal restoration project

Research was carried out at the Punakaiki Coastal Restoration project, 4km south of Punakaiki on the northern end of the Barrytown flats. The objective was to identify opportunities for the facilitation of non-planted native species within the restoration plantings by: 1. Qualifying the differences in species assemblages between the reference sites and the restoration site 2. Evaluating the effectiveness of canopy closure and shading of existing restoration plantings “How quickly will canopy closure occur? ” 3. Quantifying the establishment of native species within existing gorse patches; investigating opportunities to restore native wood the restoration site to provide an opportunity for establishment of epiphytic native plant species 4. Identifying key host species (e.g. tree fern spp., rata stumps) using Nikau Scenic Reserve as a reference 5. To focus on the requirements of ferns and nikau palms to establish in the area. The main outcomes of the study was the expansion of existing species lists for the reference and restoration sites, the canopy in the restoration plantings are closing rapidly, the canopy cover in the reference site and the mature gorse stands are not significantly different but the canopy cover in the restoration plantings is significantly lower than the former, the gorse plots with the highest canopy cover and the lowest ground cover had the highest abundance, diversity and evenness of native woody seedlings, Dicksonia squarros and Metrosideros spp. supported the highest diversity of epiphytes, Metrosideros spp supported a relatively high number of terrestrial species growing epiphytically whereas Rhopalostylis sapida supported only true epiphytes. A number of recommendations are made regarding the future management of the restoration project and future research.
Dysregulation of Non-Coding RNAs: Roles of miRNAs and lncRNAs in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Myeloma

The dysregulation of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), specifically microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), leads to the development and advancement of multiple myeloma (MM). miRNAs, in particular, are paramount in post-transcriptional gene regulation, promoting mRNA degradation and translational inhibition. As a result, miRNAs can serve as oncogenes or tumor suppressors depending on the target genes. In MM, miRNA disruption could result in abnormal gene expression responsible for cell growth, apoptosis, and other biological processes pertinent to cancer development. The dysregulated miRNAs inhibit the activity of tumor suppressor genes, contributing to disease progression. Nonetheless, several miRNAs are downregulated in MM and have been identified as gene regulators implicated in extracellular matrix remodeling and cell adhesion. miRNA depletion potentially facilitates the tumor advancement and resistance of therapeutic drugs. Additionally, lncRNAs are key regulators of numerous cellular processes, such as gene expression, chromatin remodeling, protein trafficking, and recently linked MM development. The lncRNAs are uniquely expressed and influence gene expression that supports MM growth, in addition to facilitating cellular proliferation and viability via multiple molecular pathways. miRNA and lncRNA alterations potentially result in anomalous gene expression and interfere with the regular functioning of MM. Thus, this review aims to highlight the dysregulation of these ncRNAs, which engender novel therapeutic modalities for the treatment of MM.
Essays in Industrial Organization

9 Chapter 1. Mitigating Hold-up Through Complementarities and Refundability . 10
of the Workshop on Applicability of Formal Methods AFM ’ 98 ( Aarhus , Denmark , June 2 , 1998 )

s 4 Kurt Jensen . 4 Dines Bjørner . 4 Peter Gorm Larsen . 5 Michael I. Schwartzbach . 5 Henrik R. Andersen . 6 Kim G. Larsen . 6 Dissemination and Awareness 7 Some Issues . 7 FM'99: World Congress on Formal Methods (Toulouse, 2024 September 1999) . 8 TACAS'99: International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems (Amsterdam, 2226 March 1999) . 12 International Workshop on Current Trends in Applied Formal Methods (Boppard, Germany, 79 October 1998) . 14 SAFECOMP '98: International Conference on Computer Safety, Reliability and Security (Heidelberg, 57 October 1998) . 17 IEEE International Conference on Engineering of Complex Computer Systems (Monterey, California, 1014 August 1998) . 20 Summer School on Speci"cation, Re"nement and Veri"cation (Turku, 1021 August 1998) . 23 STTT'98: International Workshop on Software Tools for Technology Transfer (Aalborg, 1213 July 1998) . 26 STTT: International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer . 28 Formal Methods Web Page . 33 Datateknisk Forum: Metoder, teknikker og værktøjer til softwareudvikling . 34