Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electromigration-induced grain rotation in anisotropic conducting beta tin

Electromigration in beta-Sn has shown a 10% drop of resistance due to the anisotropic properties of the material. The drop was proposed due to reorientation of grains to reduce the resistance. The driving force as well as the atomic mechanism of grain rotation under electromigration has been considered in this letter. We propose that the anisotropic resistivity causes the divergence of the vacancy fluxes at the grain boundaries and induces the vacancy fluxes to/from the free surface along the grain boundary. The vacancy gradients along the grain boundaries correspond to the gradients of stress. The opposite sign of the stress along grain boundaries generates a torque which leads to rotation of the grain by grain boundary diffusion or creep. The rate of rotation estimated on the base of the model seems to agree well with the observed experimental data.
New Musharakah Model in Managing Islamic Investment

A musharakah contract is a joint venture between two or more parties and the profit is shared according to the agreed profit-sharing ratio. The new musharakah model internalises this concept and takes into account the investment of two parties, the rate of profit, as well as two profit-sharing rates. At present, this model is the only model that uses two profit-sharing rates to ensure justice in a joint venture investment. This can create opportunities to generate other Islamic investment or banking products that will attract more foreign investors who are keen on mush rakah products. Apart from this, this can initiate other researches and collaborations in Islamic banking/financing and investment, thus enhancing the Islamic investment status. The system of the musharakah model can definitely be commercialised.
Support vector regression for the solution of linear integral equations

The aim of this paper is to establish a support vector regression method for semi-discrete ill-posed problems. We consider the equation Af = g, where a linear integral operator A is known; discrete measurements of the right-hand side are observed and a solution f* is sought. For the reconstruction, instead of a standard square loss function, Vapnik's ϵ-intensive function is used to measure the distance between Af and g. This avoids an overfitting to disturbed data and guarantees additional stability given that the cut-off parameter ϵ is chosen appropriately. The resulting solution procedure can be formulated as a quadratic program. Besides the method, a Sobolev error analysis and a parameter strategy for the regularization parameters are provided. The results are substantiated with a numerical example.
C4orf47 contributes to the dormancy of pancreatic cancer under hypoxic conditions

In our comprehensive analysis of pancreatic cancer pathology, we found that the C4orf47 molecule was upregulated in hypoxic environments. C4orf47 is reported to be a centrosome-associated protein, but its biological significance in cancer is completely unknown; therefore, we assessed its role in pancreatic cancer. We found that C4orf47 was a direct target of HIF-1α and is upregulated in hypoxic conditions, in which it suppressed the cell cycle and inhibits cell proliferation through up-regulation of the cell cycle repressors Fbxw-7, P27, and p57; and the down-regulation of the cell cycle promoters c-myc, cyclinD1, and cyclinC. Furthermore, C4orf47 induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and enhanced their cell plasticity and invasiveness. In addition, the p-Erk/p-p38 ratio was significantly enhanced and down-regulated CD44 expression by C4orf47 suppression, suggesting that C4orf47 is involved in pancreatic cancer dormancy under hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, the potential of C4orf47 expression was a good prognostic biomarker for pancreatic cancer. These results contribute to the elucidation of the pathology of refractory pancreatic cancer and the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
High-Precision Near-Infrared Photometry of a Large Sample of Bright Stars Visible from the Northern Hemisphere

We present the results of 8 yr of infrared photometric monitoring of a large sample of stars visible from Teide Observatory (Tenerife, Canary Islands). The final archive is made up of 10,949 photometric measures through a standard InSb single-channel photometer system, principally in JHK, although some stars have measures in L′. The core of this list of stars is the standard-star list developed for the Carlos Sánchez Telescope. A total of 298 stars have been observed on at least two occasions on a system carefully linked to the zero point defined by Vega. We present high-precision photometry for these stars. The median uncertainty in magnitude for stars with a minimum of four observations and thus reliable statistics ranges from 0.0038 mag in J to 0.0033 mag in K. Many of these stars are faint enough to be observable with array detectors (42 are K > 8) and thus to permit a linkage of the bright and faint infrared photometric systems. We also present photometry of an additional 25 stars for which the original measures are no longer available, plus photometry in L′ and/or M of 36 stars from the main list. We calculate the mean infrared colors of main-sequence stars from A0 V to K5 V and show that the locus of the H-K color is linearly correlated with J-H. The rms dispersion in the correlation between J-H and H-K is 0.0073 mag. We use the relationship to interpolate colors for all subclasses from A0 V to K5 V. We find that K and M main-sequence and giant stars can be separated on the color-color diagram with high-precision near-infrared photometry and thus that photometry can allow us to identify potential mistakes in luminosity class classification.
Vortex trajectory hysteresis above self-formed vortex ripples

Particle image velocimetry (PIV) using fluorescent tracer particles has been used to measure the velocity field of the fluid above self-formed vortex ripples in an oscillatory flow with suspended sediment. Measured velocities were used to find distributions of phase-averaged velocity and vorticity. Using the distributions, discrete vortices were then identified and tracked. Vortices that originated in the wakes of ripples were carried by the flow to adjacent ripples where they recombined with vortices being generated during the next half-cycle of the flow. Two possible states were observed for similar flow conditions, where vortex migration was either 0.9 or 1.5 ripple wavelengths before recombination. Evidence indicates that this may be the result of two possible ripple wavelengths: one that is approximately twice the flow amplitude, and one that is approximately 1.4 times the flow amplitude. The 2-D circulation strength of discrete vortices, defined as the integral of vorticity over the area of the vortex, was numerically estimated from PIV measurements. Maximum dimensionless values of circulation tend to increase as the Reynolds number of the oscillatory flow increases and to decrease as the mobility parameter (a dimensionless number that quantifies the sediment transport capacity of the oscillatory flow) increases. This is interpreted as an effect of enhanced dissipation of vorticity due to the presence of increasing concentrations of entrained sediment as the mobility number increases.
Thermal conductance of laterally-wet-oxidised GaAs/AlxOy Bragg reflectors

Thermal resistivity measurements were carried out on GaAs-based monolithic saturable absorber microcavities. Two-types of microcavity mirrors were compared: GaAs/AlAs against GaAs/AlxOy Bragg reflectors processed by lateral-wet-oxidation of Al(Ga)As layers. It is found that GaAs/AlxOy mirrors are not efficient heat dissipators, the GaAs/AlxOy microcavity structure showing a thermal resistivity more than ten times higher than the GaAs/AlAs structure. Using modelling to fit the experimental data, thermal conductivity of the 250 nm AlxOy layers is estimated to be approximately 0.007 WK–1cm–1. These results illustrate a significant drawback related to the use of thick wet-oxidised Al(Ga)As/GaAs layers
Probabilistic Planning of Distribution Networks With Optimal DG Placement Under Uncertainties

This research paper presents an efficient methodology for distribution network planning under an uncertain environment. As an extension of our previous work presented at the ECCE Asia 2021 conference, here optimal placement and sizing of Renewable Energy Sources (RES)-based Distributed Generations (DGs) are determined considering the generation and load uncertainties. In addition, the optimal tap settings of off-load tap changing transformers present in a network are also determined. Probabilistic non-linear optimization is solved with a sensitivity-based technique to minimize the distribution network losses and improve its voltage stability. The proposed methodology is implemented on standard test systems like the IEEE 69 bus and the Indian 85 bus networks. Further, to determine its real-world functionality, the methodology is tested on a practical radial distribution network of 88 buses present in a remote Froan island of Norway. When compared with existing techniques, the proposed methodology provides much more efficient network planning solutions with lesser power losses. Developed on free and open-source software platforms, it also provides a reliable and cost-effective alternative to network operators to determine their network robustness.
Future Development of Taiwan’s Smart Cities from an Information Security Perspective

Smart cities are primarily based on information and communications technology development and applications across various academic subjects and domains. Integrating new-generation information and communications technologies, including the Internet of Things data collection, cloud computation, big data applications, and mobile network, smart cities organize the people and things of a city according to application needs to perform real-time computation and processing. Information transmission must be rapid and reliable to protect personal privacy and to secure data. All types of information security problems can lead to disastrous consequences; in particular, they pose great challenges to traditional information security systems. To explore possible solutions to the challenges that Taiwan’s smart city information security faces, this study used the enterprise architecture method and discussed the emphasis and investment capacity of the government and enterprises on information security. Moreover, this study reviewed correct methods of using a smart information security collaborative system to protect not only privacy, however also networks with a large attack surface; the purpose was to establish a reliable data sharing practice and alleviate the cascading effect of failures of smart networks. Finally, this paper provides future research directions for building smart cities and encouraging further explorations in this domain. It is hoped that smart cities can conduct overall planning for information security during the process of construction. Future researchers will be able to propose more effective solutions for smart city information security while developing information and communication technologies.
Health-Related Quality of Life in Spinal Muscular Atrophy Patients and Their Caregivers—A Prospective, Cross-Sectional, Multi-Center Analysis

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a disabling disease that affects not only the patient’s health-related quality of life (HRQoL), but also causes a high caregiver burden (CGB). The aim of this study was to evaluate HRQoL, CGB, and their predictors in SMA. In two prospective, cross-sectional, and multi-center studies, SMA patients (n = 39) and SMA patient/caregiver couples (n = 49) filled in the EuroQoL Five Dimension Five Level Scale (EQ-5D-5L) and the Short Form Health Survey 36 (SF-36). Caregivers (CGs) additionally answered the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Patients were clustered into two groups with either low or high HRQoL (EQ-5D-5L index value <0.259 or >0.679). The latter group was mostly composed of ambulatory type III patients with higher motor/functional scores. More severely affected patients reported low physical functioning but good mental health and vitality. The CGB (mean ZBI = 22/88) correlated negatively with patients’ motor/functional scores and age. Higher CGB was associated with a lower HRQoL, higher depression and anxiety, and more health impairments of the CGs. We conclude that patient and CG well-being levels interact closely, which highlights the need to consider the health of both parties while evaluating novel treatments.
Structural graph-matching approach to image understanding

Image understanding is a broad field of image processing where the goal is to classify the elements of a scene. In this paper we describe an approach to image understanding based on the matching of structure graphs. The structure graph of the input image is composed of `nodes' (primitives extracted from the image, e.g., regions, line segments) and `edges' (relationships between primitives in the image). The goal of our algorithm is to find the best match between this graph and a prototype graph, representing the knowledge about the expected scene. We formulate the graph matching problem as a consistent labeling problem, where the nodes of the prototype graph are considered labels. We then search for a labeling of the input structure graph that is optimal in the sense that the nodes and edges of the input graph are consistent with the labels and relationships represented in the prototype graph. A `quality of fit' measurement is derived for the matching, and a genetic algorithm is used to find the optimal solution. The advantages of this method of inexact (or fuzzy) matching include its graceful degradation (robustness) in the presence of noise and image deformation, its parallelism, and its adaptability to a variety of domains. We complete this work with the discussion of experimental results.
Routing protocol with QoS guarantees for ad-hoc network

A novel routing protocol for ad-hoc networks, delay sensitive adaptive routing protocol (DSARP), is presented, which not only provides a reliable route for delay-sensitive traffic, but also can select the route based on the constrained condition: ‘the shortest route and the lowest average delay’. Therefore, the DSARP is assured to provide QoS guarantee and improve the performance of the network. Simulation results show that DSARP outperforms the dynamic source routing protocol used in ad-hoc wireless networks.
Holographic fabrication and transmittance analysis of three-dimensional photonic crystals

Three-dimensional photonic crystals with face-centered cubic lattice structure, whose top plane is (111) plane, were fabricated by triple exposure of two-beam interference fringes. The transmittance of photonic crystals with face-centered cubic lattice structure fabricated by the holographic lithography mentioned above is analyzed by reducing the threedimensional structure into multilayer thin films employing the effective medium theory (EMT) and matrix method. The remarkable stop bands appeared at the Bragg wavelength calculated from the average of effective index. Relationships between stop bands and effective refractive index on the reduced film or filling factor of photonic atoms for a facecentered cubic lattice structure simulated by holographic lithography are shown. The validity of EMT result is also discussed in comparison with that of plane wave expansion method for a face-centered cubic lattice structure with sphere shape atoms. The stop bands were calculated by using the zero-th order, the second order and higher order EMT. The stop bands calculated using higher order and second order EMT fairly well agreed with that of plane wave expansion method, while the zero-th order result roughly agreed with that.
Metabolites profiling and molecular docking identification of putative leads from endophytic Phyllosticta capitalensis as modulators of key druggable structural targets of rotavirus A

Rotavirus-induced gastroenteritis is a global health concern and the leading cause of death in low-income countries and children under the age of five. While rotavirus A (RVA) vaccines are available, there accessibility and efficacy remain challenging, especially in the third world countries. This has necessitated the need to develop therapeutics to manage RVA infection. This study investigated gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-derived Phyllosticta capitalensis metabolites as potential therapeutics against the key structural proteins [VP8* portion of the VP4 (spike protein), the VP7 (capsid protein), and the VP1 (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase)] of RVA using molecular docking and ADME approaches. The results revealed that four [lup-20(29)-en-one, A’-neogammacer-22(29)-ene, stigmasta-4,7,22-trien-3-α-ol, and fucosterol] of the 67 metabolites had favourable affinity for the three structural proteins and belonged to classes of metabolite of antiviral importance. Further analysis and pharmacokinetic profiling showed that the pentacyclic triterpenoids, lup-20(29)-en-one and A’-neogammacer-22(29)-ene, had the potential to be developed as antivirals against RVA infection and effort is underway in this direction.
Smart water management

Smart water enables utilities, regulators, and customers to make more timely and informed decisions about how they use and regard their water resources. It has been developed to assist demand management by influencing customer behavior and reducing network leakage, lowering energy consumption, and avoiding deploying assets that are not actually needed. Smart water has seen an evolution toward monitoring wastewater applications. Challenges include the need for common operating standards and more cohesive national policy frameworks. As a result, smart water adoption occurs on a utility‐by‐utility basis.
Moving-boundary and fixed-domain problems for a sixth-order thin-film equation

We examine a number of initial boundary value problems for a paradigm sixth-order degenerate parabolic equation of the form $h_t=(h^n h_{xxxxx})_x$ which arises when considering the motion of a thin film of viscous fluid driven by an overlying elastic plate. Analytical and numerical methods are exploited to characterise the solutions, which turn out to be rather sensitive to the value of $n$.
Magnetic switching field distribution of patterned CoPt dots

We report on the interplay between the structural and the magnetic properties of different size dots patterned in two structurally different CoPt thin films with L10 order. The significant changes observed in the magnetic domain configuration and coercive field between the samples are interpreted in the light of crystalline structure. The magnetic hysteresis curves measured for single/several dots are compared to those of the dot assembly and discussed in view of structure and edge defects. In particular, the concentration fluctuations are found to enlarge the magnetic switching field distribution despite the presence of a single variant of the L10 phase. In turn, the distribution is narrow in samples that are homogeneous in concentration and contain well defined magnetization nucleation sites, namely, the x and y variants of the L10 phase formed during annealing.
Efficient Detection and Localization of DoS Attacks in Heterogeneous Vehicular Networks

Vehicular communication has emerged as a powerful tool for providing a safe and comfortable driving experience for users. Long Term Evolution (LTE) supports and enhances the quality of vehicular communication due to its properties such as high data rate, spatial reuse, and low delay. However, high mobility of vehicles introduces a wide variety of security threats, including Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks. In this paper, we propose effective solutions for real-time detection and localization of DoS attacks in an LTE-based vehicular network with mobile network components (e.g., vehicles, femto access points, etc.). We consider malicious data transmission by vehicles in two ways- using real identification (unintentional) and using fake identification (intentional). This paper makes three important contributions. First, we propose an efficient attack detection technique based on data packet counter and average Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR). Next, we present an improved attack detection framework using machine learning algorithms. We use some ML-based supervised classification algorithms to make detection more robust and consistent. Finally, we propose Data Packet Counter (DPC)-based, triangulation-based and measurement report based localization for both intentional and unintentional DoS attacks. We analyze the average packet delay incurred by vehicles by modelling the system as an $M/M/m$ queue. Our experimental evaluation demonstrates that our proposed technique significantly outperforms state-of-the-art techniques.
High Efficiency Organic Light-Emitting Diode by Ag Anode Technique

The characteristics of a Ag anode with molybdenum oxide (MoOx)-doped N,N′-bis(1-naphthyl)-N,N′-diphenyl-1,1′-diphenyl-1,4′-diamine (α-NPD) are reported. The current efficiency of devices with a Ag anode was achieved over 8.2 cd/A due to the microcavity effect. The current density of the device with a 25% concentration of MoOx was higher than those of a 10% concentration due to the improved charge transfer effect. The device of a Ag anode with a 25% concentration of MoOx indicated an approximate 227% higher current efficiency than that of an ITO anode with a 25% concentration of MoOx. The driving voltage of a Ag anode with a 25% concentration of MoOx was achieved at 4.4V with 10−2 A/cm2.
The problem of the barium stars

Ultraviolet observations of barium stars and other cool stars with peculiar element abundances are reported. Those observations attempted to find hot white dwarf companions. Among six real barium stars studied, only Zeta Cap was found to have a white dwarf companion. Among seven mild, or marginal, barium stars studied, at least three were found to have hot subluminous companions. It is likely that all of them have white dwarf companions.
A Remarkable Representation of the 3 + 2 de Sitter Group

Among the infinitesimal operators of the 3 + 2 de Sitter group, there are four independent cyclic ones, one of which is separate from the other three. A representation is obtained for which this one has integral eigenvalues while the other three have half‐odd eigenvalues, or vice versa. The representation is of a specially simple kind, with the wavefunctions involving only two variables.
Transverse effects in photorefractive ring resonators

Transverse effects in unidirectional and bidirectional photorefractive ring resonators with high Fresnel numbers are investigated numerically. The onset of transverse-mode competition, as well as symmetry-breaking intermittent instabilities, is observed as the cavity detuning is varied. Phase relations and frequency shifts in the intracavity field, in particular, antisymmetric response with respect to the frequency shift and cavity detuning, are considered. The buildup of ordered transverse patterns whose temporal dynamics are either periodic or chaotic is followed. The temporal evolution of chaotic mode oscillation is identified as a crisis-induced intermittency at a heteroclinic tangency.
Large Populations of Coupled Chemical Oscillators

We study the mechanisms that underlie synchronization processes in large systems of coupled chemical oscillators. By synchronization, we mean the evolution from an initial state where the phases of the oscillators are distributed randomly, to a final state where all the oscillators are in phase. In the continuum limit, where there are many oscillators per unit volume, we derive a nonlinear integro-differential equation that describes how the distribution of the oscillators’ phases evolves in time. In general, this problem is very formidable. But we discover some important special cases for which there are exact solutions describing synchronization processes.