Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
3-D Printed Dually Symmetric Orthomode Transducer and Horn Antenna at X-Band

A dually symmetric orthomode transducer (OMT) and horn antenna are presented for both single port linearly polarized operation and dual port circular polarization use. The feed uses two waveguide splitters and a feed bend to feed a four-port horn antenna that has the two groups of ports orthogonal to each other to produce a symmetric radiation pattern. The feed is printed from 316L stainless steel while the horn is printed from a plastic polymer and metallized using aluminum tape. The structure is based on WR 90 waveguide and covers the guide’s full operating band of 8.2 GHz to 12.4 GHz. Peak realized gain values of 20.5 dBi were measured with cross polarization rejection of over 40 dB. Here linearly polarized and circularly polarized results are presented, the latter using an off-the-shelf hybrid to control the phase for the two ports. Enabled by the symmetric feed, both the linear and circularly polarized radiation patterns were highly symmetric.
Car Sales Price Prediction using MLR, Random Forest and Support Vector Machine

This paper focuses on the car sales dataset and the algorithm required to remove the desired prediction. This data set is officially collected from cars24.com, which describes the selling price of second-hand vehicles based on other parameters. The purpose of this study is to discuss different algorithms that can be applied to obtain the prediction and the accuracy of the data. Different obstacles were faced while designing the algorithms.
Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping and Amide Proton Transfer-Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer for the Evaluation of Intracerebral Hemorrhage Model

This study aimed to evaluate an intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) model using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) with preclinical 7T-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and determine the potential of amide proton transfer-CEST (APT-CEST) for use as a biomarker for the early detection of ICH. Six Wistar male rats underwent MRI, and another six underwent histopathological examinations on postoperative days 0, 3, and 7. The ICH model was created by injecting bacterial collagenase into the right hemisphere of the brain. QSM and APT-CEST MRI were performed using horizontal 7T-MRI. Histological studies were performed to observe ICH and detect iron deposition at the ICH site. T2-weighted images (T2WI) revealed signal changes associated with hemoglobin degeneration in red blood cells, indicating acute-phase hemorrhage on day 0, late-subacute-phase hemorrhage on day 3, and chronic-phase hemorrhage on day 7. The susceptibility alterations in each phase were detected using QSM. QSM and Berlin blue staining revealed hemosiderin deposition in the chronic phase. APT-CEST revealed high magnetization transfer ratios in the acute phase. Abundant mobile proteins and peptides were observed in early ICH, which were subsequently diluted. APT-CEST imaging may be a reliable noninvasive biomarker for the early diagnosis of ICH.
IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA METABOLIT SEKUNDER DAN UJI TOKSISITAS HASIL FRAKSINASI EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH NAGA MERAH (Hylocereus polyrhizus)

East Kalimantan, especially the cities of Tana Paser, is one of the producers of dragon fruit, especially red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus). The amount of consumer interest in red dragon fruit results in a large amount of dragon fruit peel waste that is not utilized. Several studies have shown that red dragon fruit skin extract has toxic properties that can be applied to cancer cells. So in this study, the extraction and fractionation process was carried out which was then continued with phytochemical tests and BSLT tests with the aim of knowing secondary metabolites in the aqueous extract fraction, ethyl acetate extract fraction and n-hexane extract fraction with phytochemical test methods and to determine the toxicity of the fraction. aqueous extract, ethyl acetate extract fraction and n-hexane extract fraction were carried out using the BSLT test method. The results of the phytochemical test showed that the aqueous fraction extract of dragon fruit peel contained alkaloids, phenolics and saponins. The extract of the ethyl acetate fraction of dragon fruit peel contains phenolics and flavonoids. Fralsi n-hexane dragon fruit peel \contains triterpenoids. The results of the BSLT test showed that the LC50 value of the aqueous fraction extract was 451.855 ppm, the ethyl acetate fraction extract was 374.024 ppm, and the n-hexane fraction extract was 312.176 ppm which overall was classified as moderately toxic. The highest toxicity effectiveness was shown in the n-hexane fraction extract with triterpenoid secondary metabolite compounds.
High capacity image steganography method based on framelet and compressive sensing

To improve the capacity and imperceptibility of image steganography, a novel high capacity and imperceptibility image steganography method based on a combination of framelet and compressive sensing (CS) is put forward. Firstly, SVD (Singular Value Decomposition) transform to measurement values obtained by compressive sensing technique to the secret data. Then the singular values in turn embed into the low frequency coarse subbands of framelet transform to the blocks of the cover image which is divided into non-overlapping blocks. Finally, use inverse framelet transforms and combine to obtain the stego image. The experimental results show that the proposed steganography method has a good performance in hiding capacity, security and imperceptibility.
Wave formation in laminar flow down an inclined plane

This paper deals theoretically with a problem of hydrodynamic stability characterized by small values of the Reynolds number R. The primary flow whose stability is examined consists of a uniform laminar stream of viscous liquid running down an inclined plane under the action of gravity, being bounded on one side by a free surface influenced by surface tension. The problem thus has a direct bearing on the properties of thin liquid films such as have important uses in chemical engineering. Numerous experiments in the past have shown that in flow down a wall the stream is noticeably agitated by waves except when R is quite small; on a vertical water film, for instance, waves may be observed until R is reduced to some value rather less than 10. The present treatment is accordingly based on methods of approximation suited to fairly low values of R, and thereby avoids the severe mathematical difficulties usual in stability problems at high R. The formulation of the problem resembles that given by Yih (1954); but the method of solution differs from his, and the respective results are in conflict. In particular, there is dis-agreement over the matter of the stability of a strictly vertical stream at very small R. In contrast with the previous conclusions, it is shown here that the flow is always unstable: that is, a class of undamped waves exists for all finite values of R. However, the rates of amplification of unstable waves are shown to become very small when R is made fairly small, and their wavelengths to become very large; this provides a satisfactory explanation for the apparent absence of waves in some experimental observations, and also for the wide scatter among existing estimates of the ‘quasi-critical’ value of R below which waves are undetectable. In view of the controversial nature of these results, emphasis is given to various points of agreement between the present work and the established theory of roll waves; the latter theory gives a clear picture of the physical mechanism of wave formation on gravitational flows, and in its light the results obtained here appear entirely reasonable. The conditions governing neutral stability are worked out to the third order in a parameter which is shown to be small; but a less accurate approximation is then justified as an adequate basis for an easily workable theory providing a ready check with experiment, This theory is used to predict the value of R at which observable waves should first develop on a vertical water film, and also the length and velocity of the waves. These three predictions are compared with the experimental results found by Binnie (1957), and are substantially confirmed.
VORTEX-BODY INTERACTIONS

▪ Abstract Interaction of a vortex, or combinations of them, with a cylinder, blade, or foil may involve both rapid distortion of the incident vorticity field and shedding of vorticity from the surface of the body. This review focuses on the underlying flow physics, with the aim of clarifying the origin of the induced loading. In the case of near or direct encounter of the incident vortex, the relation between three-dimensional features of the flow structure and the local loading poses interesting challenges for further research. With recently developed simulation and laboratory techniques, opportunities now exist to determine the instantaneous quantitative structure of these complex distortions and to interpret them within a theoretical, vorticity-based framework. Effective control of vortex interactions appears to be attainable. It will be necessary, however, to develop creative strategies, distinct from those traditionally employed for control of unstable shear flows.
Spatial Distribution of Flagellated Microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in a Quasi-Two-Dimensional Space

Although the phenomenon of collective order formation by cell–cell interactions in motile cells, microswimmers, has been a topic of interest, most studies have been conducted under conditions of high cell density, where the space occupancy of a cell population relative to the space size ϕ>0.1 (ϕ is the area fraction). We experimentally determined the spatial distribution (SD) of the flagellated unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii at a low cell density (ϕ≈0.01) in a quasi-two-dimensional (thickness equal to cell diameter) restricted space and used the variance-to-mean ratio to investigate the deviation from the random distribution of cells, that is, do cells tend to cluster together or avoid each other? The experimental SD is consistent with that obtained by Monte Carlo simulation, in which only the excluded volume effect (EV effect) due to the finite size of cells is taken into account, indicating that there is no interaction between cells other than the EV effect at a low cell density of ϕ≈0.01. A simple method for fabricating a quasi-two-dimensional space using shim rings was also proposed.
Error Consistency for Machine Learning Evaluation and Validation with Application to Biomedical Diagnostics

Supervised machine learning classification is the most common example of artificial intelligence (AI) in industry and in academic research. These technologies predict whether a series of measurements belong to one of multiple groups of examples on which the machine was previously trained. Prior to real-world deployment, all implementations need to be carefully evaluated with hold-out validation, where the algorithm is tested on different samples than it was provided for training, in order to ensure the generalizability and reliability of AI models. However, established methods for performing hold-out validation do not assess the consistency of the mistakes that the AI model makes during hold-out validation. Here, we show that in addition to standard methods, an enhanced technique for performing hold-out validation—that also assesses the consistency of the sample-wise mistakes made by the learning algorithm—can assist in the evaluation and design of reliable and predictable AI models. The technique can be applied to the validation of any supervised learning classification application, and we demonstrate the use of the technique on a variety of example biomedical diagnostic applications, which help illustrate the importance of producing reliable AI models. The validation software created is made publicly available, assisting anyone developing AI models for any supervised classification application in the creation of more reliable and predictable technologies.
The radiative effects of clouds and their impact on climate

Our knowledge of the direct role of clouds in long-term climate change is examined in an overview of key results published over the last 15 or 20 years, along with some relevant unpublished model studies. The focus is on 1) the impact of clouds on the incoming and outgoing radiation at the top of the atmosphere, and 2) the two-way interaction of clouds with other variables of the climate system—i.e., the cloud/climate feedback problem—as revealed by climate model simulations. A common framework is established for comparing results from different investigations. The total effect of clouds on radiative fluxes at the top of the atmosphere—specifically, the difference in flux between average conditions and cloud-free conditions, often called cloud forcing–has been derived from earth radiation budget measurements by several investigators using various data sources and methods. There is general agreement that the annual global mean effect of clouds is to cool the climate system, but there is significant disagre.
High speed printing with polygon scan heads

To reduce and in many cases eliminate the costs associated with high volume printing of consumer and industrial products, this paper investigates and validates the use of the new generation of high speed pulse on demand (POD) lasers in concert with high speed (HS) polygon scan heads (PSH). Associated costs include consumables such as printing ink and nozzles, provisioning labor, maintenance and repair expense as well as reduction of printing lines due to high through put. Targets that are applicable and investigated include direct printing on plastics, printing on paper/cardboard as well as printing on labels. Market segments would include consumer products (CPG), medical and pharmaceutical products, universal ID (UID), and industrial products. In regards to the POD lasers employed, the wavelengths include UV(355nm), Green (532nm) and IR (1064nm) operating within the repetition range of 180 to 250 KHz.
The Incidence of Brain-Dead Donors Based on Screening and Management Led by Intensivists

Background This study aimed to compare the incidence of brain-dead (BD) donors and potential brain-dead (PBD) donors before vs after the introduction of intensivists. Material/Methods This longitudinal retrospective study was performed between January 2012 and December 2020 at Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center. Four dedicated intensivists were introduced in January 2016. The periods before and after introduction of the intensivists were defined as the pre-introduction period (2012–2015) and post-introduction period (2016–2020), respectively. Results During the study period, there were 2872 discharges in the Intensive Care Unit, of which there were a total of 113 PBD (3.93%) and 36 BD (1.25%) donors. The number of PBD and BD donors increased in the post-introduction period compared in the pre-introduction period (PBD, 47.84 vs 27.14 per 1000 discharges; BD, 13.59 vs 11.03 per 1000 discharges). Poisson regression analysis showed the annual incidence rate of PBD donors significantly increased post-introduction (PBD, 27.53% vs 48.11%, P=0.044), while those of BD donors were similar between the 2 groups (BD, 11.41% vs 13.9%; P=0.743). The annual incidence rate of the total number of organ donations, multi-organ donations (>3 organs), and donation of organs (heart, lung, and kidney) increased in the post-introduction period compared to that in the pre-introduction period. Conclusions Our findings suggest a beneficial role of a dedicated intensivist, not only in improving actual organ donation and discovering PBD donors, but also in affecting the yield of the heart and lung transplantation in actual organ donation compared to donors without a dedicated intensivist.
DV-Hop Algorithm Based on Multi-Objective Salp Swarm Algorithm Optimization

The localization of sensor nodes is an important problem in wireless sensor networks. The DV-Hop algorithm is a typical range-free algorithm, but the localization accuracy is not high. To further improve the localization accuracy, this paper designs a DV-Hop algorithm based on multi-objective salp swarm optimization. Firstly, hop counts in the DV-Hop algorithm are subdivided, and the average hop distance is corrected based on the minimum mean-square error criterion and weighting. Secondly, the traditional single-objective optimization model is transformed into a multi-objective optimization model. Then, in the third stage of DV-Hop, the improved multi-objective salp swarm algorithm is used to estimate the node coordinates. Finally, the proposed algorithm is compared with three improved DV-Hop algorithms in two topologies. Compared with DV-Hop, The localization errors of the proposed algorithm are reduced by 50.79% and 56.79% in the two topology environments with different communication radii. The localization errors of different node numbers are decreased by 38.27% and 56.79%. The maximum reductions in localization errors are 38.44% and 56.79% for different anchor node numbers. Based on different regions, the maximum reductions in localization errors are 56.75% and 56.79%. The simulation results show that the accuracy of the proposed algorithm is better than that of DV-Hop, GWO-DV-Hop, SSA-DV-Hop, and ISSA-DV-Hop algorithms.
Modeling and Terminal Characteristics of Grid-Connected Inverter With Faulty Control Strategies

In this paper, considering the influence of decoupled double synchronous reference frame phase-locked loop (DDSRF-PLL), the small-signal sequence impedance model is proposed for a typical fault control structure in wind energy applications. Based on the established sequence impedance model, the frequency characteristics of double-sequence control strategy and single-sequence control strategy are compared and analyzed. Using the generalized Nyquist criterion, the influences of grid impedance on the stability of grid-connected systems with different control strategies are analyzed. The developed models and the theoretical analysis are verified by simulation results.
Direct 3D-Printed Orthodontic Retainers. A Systematic Review

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has shed light on many fields in medicine and dentistry, including orthodontics. Direct 3D-printed prosthetics, implants or surgical devices are well-documented. The fabrication of orthodontic retainers using CAD technology and additive manufacturing is an emerging trend but the available data are scarce. The research approach of the present review included keywords in Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar up to December 2022. The searching process concluded with five studies eligible for our project. Three of them investigated directly 3D-printed clear retainers in vitro. The other two studies investigated directly 3D-printed fixed retainers. Among them, one study was in vitro and the second was a prospective clinical trial. Directly 3D-printed retainers can be evolved over time as a good alternative to all the conventional materials for retention. Devices that are 3D-printed are more time and cost efficient, offer more comfortable procedures for both practitioners and patients and the materials used in additive manufacturing can solve aesthetic problems, periodontal issues or problems with the interference of these materials with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). More well-designed prospective clinical trials are necessary for more evaluable results.
Industrial Internet of Things: A Cyber Security Perspective Investigation

The IIoT arose as a result of the increased automation, dependability, and management that Industry 4.0 introduced to the manufacturing and production sectors. The Internet of Things has the potential to speed up the process of automating several industries, including the automotive, transportation, production, and advertising sectors. Large-scale IIoT systems will have security difficulties when its benefits become clear, leading to repeated large-scale attacks that damage key infrastructure or fraudulent transactions. The system is additionally challenged by the vast quantity of connected devices and the consequent constraints on available resources (such as their battery life, memory, and processing power). Traditional communication and networking flaws are also present in the IIoT, but it takes more work to tailor security solutions to secure critical industrial control systems. These flaws are carried over to the IIoT. While there is some literature on the topics of security, privacy, and trust in IIoT systems, a more thorough examination of the many moving parts that make up an IIoT system is lacking. This study compares IoT security vulnerabilities to solve the problem. We explore several IIoT security difficulties and criteria. We also explore available IIoT designs to rigorously investigate these security threats. We describe viable countermeasures and explain how security weaknesses at any layer of an IIoT architecture affect its functionality. This report proposes future research on trustworthy, large-scale, and secure IIoT systems. The report highlights the multiple IIoT system threats and attacks to improve security awareness.
Accounting for brain shift during image-guided tumor resection surgeries: an intraoperative feasibility study

Image-guided neuro navigation systems are still reliant on the rigid alignment of preoperative tomographic imaging information (usually magnetic resonance imaging data) to the intraoperative patient anatomy. It is well understood that soft tissue deformations during surgery can compromise that alignment leading to significant discrepancies between imaged neuroanatomy and its physical space counterpart. While intraoperative MRI/CT are available, the encumbrance, cost, and workflow have inhibited the widespread adoption as a standard of care. As a result, computational imaging efforts to adjust for deformations have been under investigation. The goal of this work was to perform a feasibility study to evaluate a model-based strategy to correct for deformations and evaluate in real-time. For this study n=8 subjects were enrolled in an IRB approved study at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Model-based deformation correction was performed and evaluated for six of the eight surgeries with a total of seven evaluations performed (in one case, both the attending and resident evaluated the correction separately). With respect to evaluation, at the end of each surgery, the model-deformed images were displayed next to the gold standard preoperative images in the operating room. A stylus was used by the surgeon to interrogate the surgical field and evaluate the alignments between the model-based corrected guidance system and standard-of-care conventional IGS system. For all cases with substantial shift, which was six of the seven evaluations, surgeons preferred the model-based approach in terms of image alignment to patient anatomy. For the case with minimal shift, the surgeon found no difference between the two systems. For six of the seven evaluations, surgeons had an overall preference for the model-based approach. In conclusion, we demonstrated initial feasibility of using a model-based deformation correction scheme during brain tumor resection surgeries. Additionally, based on the surgeon consensus of improved image alignment to intraoperative anatomy, this study demonstrates the potential benefit of our approach in terms of evaluating resection boundaries intraoperatively.