Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Relic Area on the Wyoming Shortgrass Plains.

T HE NORTH end of the Fort Francis E. Warren Military reservation in the omskirts of the city of Cheyenne, Laramie County, Wyoming, has an area of approximately two square miles cut up around the edges by various military installations but, by and large, wholly undisturbed other than by the shrapnel, bullets, etc., lying on the ground. As nearly as can be determined, there has been no grazing since 1900 except for a few mules during the first World War. The distance of t)he area from a ready supply of water makes it seem certain that the area as a whole has never been heavily grazed. Since the area is near the city of Chey,enne, surrounded by various wooden structures, and the site of an ammunition dump, it may be assumed that accidental fires have been rapidly extinguished. There is no history of controlled burning for t,he area. Rodents are present but not in unusual numbers. Geologically, the area is Pleistocene outwash fan underlain by gravel and a lime horizon. The surface soil is a brown, fine, sandy loam. There are no game animals on the area. All types of topography and several soils types are represented. The information in Table 1 was gathered on the relic area. Since the generalized terms excellent, good, fair, and poor are commonly used to include conflicting evidence from more than one set of con,dition classes, it has been proposed (Wyo. Agr. Expt. Sta. Cir. 37. 1950) that the stages of vegetation classes be named, from best to worst, as (1) natural stage,
Face detection of integral image by Viola-Jones method

Research is devoted to investigate on human face detection by Viola-Jones method, the fastest and effective methods of face detection. two Haar like features have been used to determine the area of the eye, because it reduces the number of possible false positives in detecting these functions and increases the accuracy of face detection. One of them measures the difference in intensity between the eye and upper cheek area. The second function compares the intensity in the eye with intensity through the nose bridge. It is shown that these two functions can determine the facial features with different sizes pattern.
East African Journal of Education Studies

Scholars, as highlighted by Asgari and Mahjoob (2013), have shown considerable interest in the outcomes of management throughout the years. This study examined the relationship between teachers' participation and management outcomes in primary schools in Pader District, Uganda. The investigation examined teachers' participation in Pader District primary schools, management outcomes and the relationship between participation and management outcomes. This study involved 301 participants, utilized questionnaire surveys, interview guides and observation checklists for data collection. The data were then analyzed using various statistical methods, including SPSS version 25, descriptive statistics, the Chi-Square test, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis. The study explore the relationship between teachers' involvement and management outcomes. The findings revealed a moderate correlation between teachers' participation and management outcomes, with a significance level of 0.01%. These results are consistent with prior research (Baig, Rehman and Khan,
Pattern Recognition

Feature engineering takes a very important role in writer identi ﬁ cation which has been widely studied in the literature. Previous works have shown that the joint feature distribution of two properties can improve the performance. The joint feature distribution makes feature relationships explicit instead of roping that a trained classi ﬁ er picks up a non-linear relation present in the data. In this paper, we propose two novel and curvature-free features: run-lengths of local binary pattern (LBPruns) and cloud of line distribution (COLD) features for writer identi ﬁ cation. The LBPruns is the joint distribution of the traditional run-length and local binary pattern (LBP) methods, which computes the run-lengths of local binary patterns on both binarized and gray scale images. The COLD feature is the joint distribution of the relation between orientation and length of line segments obtained from writing contours in handwritten documents. Our proposed LBPruns and COLD are textural-based curvature-free features and capture the line information of handwritten texts instead of the curvature information. The combination of the LBPruns and COLD features provides a signi ﬁ cant improvement on the CERUG data set, handwritten documents on which contain a large number of irregular-curvature strokes. The results of proposed features evaluated on other two widely used data sets (Firemaker and IAM) demonstrate promising results.
Comparison of LSTM and ARIMA in Price Forecasting: Evidence from Five Indexes

The financial industry has been increasingly researching and applying artificial intelligence in both academia and industry. The classical deep learning model, I.E., long-short term memory (LSTM) neural network model, has great advantages in predicting financial time series. This study uses data such as daily opening, closing, high and low prices of five representative global stock indices from 2015 to 2022 to predict stock prices using the LSTM neural network model and the linear autoregressive moving average model (ARIMA). The predicted results are compared with the actual stock prices, and the study findings demonstrate that the LSTM model outperforms the ARIMA in predicting stock index prices. Thus, incorporating deep learning models in a reasonable way can not only improve the accuracy of investment decision-making, but also enrich the methods for processing and analyzing financial time series data, so as to enhance the ability to monitor and warn of financial market risks.
Oceanography and Marine Biology An Annual Review, Volume 61

Global declines in biodiversity have become increasingly severe. Traditional monitoring approaches for assessing marine species distributions and abundances are time consuming, costly, and manpower intensive. Fortunately, rapid progress of sequencing technologies from first-generation to high-throughput sequencing have resulted in improvements in experimental techniques. These advances have accelerated rates of species discovery and identification, enabling community-level biomonitoring – the ‘Biomonitoring 2.0’ framework. Simultaneous multispecies identifications in mixed-sample pools are now mainstream with DNA metabarcoding, upscaling monitoring from the individual specimen to the ecosystem scale. In this review, we examine the progress of DNA metabarcoding over the last decade in the characterisation of marine macrobiota to microbial communities. By melding molecular techniques and more traditional taxonomic tools, this integrative Biomonitoring 2.0 approach is tailored to improve the overall effectiveness of biomonitoring. As such, we here assess its accuracy, expertise requirement, general applicability, time, cost-effectiveness, and throughput for biomonitoring. We highlight various methodological challenges that must be considered during implementation, including completeness of reference databases, representativeness of sequencing read counts for quantitative estimates, and supplementation with environmental RNA for discerning live signals from legacy DNA. Finally, we conclude with an outlook of the enhanced Biomonitoring 2.0 framework for mass adoption by ecologists and managers, as well as the prospects of emerging rapid detection technologies for ecosystem surveillance.
equality is isomorphic to Martin-Löf identity, parametrically

Consider two widely-used deﬁnitions of equality. That of Leibniz: one value equals another if any predicate that holds of the ﬁrst holds of the second. And that of Martin-L¨of: the type identifying one value with another is occupied if the two values are identical. The former dates back several centuries, while the latter is widely used in proof systems such as Agda and Coq. Here we show that the two deﬁnitions are isomorphic: we can convert any proof of Leibniz equality to one of Martin-L ¨ of identity and vice versa , and each conversion followed by the other is the identity. One direction of the isomorphism depends crucially on values of the type corresponding to Leibniz equality satisfying functional extensionality and Reynolds’ notion of parametricity. The existence of the conversions is widely known (meaning that if one can prove one equality then one can prove the other), but that the two conversions form an isomorphism (internally) in the presence of parametricity and functional extensionality is, we believe, new. Our result is a special case of a more general relation that holds between inductive families and their Church encodings. Our proofs are given inside type theory, rather than meta-theoretically. Our paper is a literate Agda script.
Solving Inverse Problems with Deep Learning

We discuss some recent work on applying deep learning to inverse problems. On the algorithmic side, we propose two new neural network modules, BCR-Net and Switch-Net, motivated by pseudodiﬀerential and Fourier integral operators that commonly appear in the study of inverse problems. On the application side, we propose neural networks for inverse maps in ﬁve applications: electric impedance tomography, optical tomography, inverse acoustic scattering, seismic imaging, and traveltime tomography. In each application, the architecture is motivated by perturbation theory and ﬁltered backprojection and is implemented using the new modules along with convolution layers. When translation and rotation equivariances are available, appropriate reparameterizations in the data and model domains results in convolutional architectures that are both general and eﬀective. These applications demonstrate that our approach provides a seamless way for combining the mathematical structure of the inverse problems with the power of deep neural networks.
Decomposition of selected organic micropollutants under solar radiation

Natural solar radiation is considered a free energy source, continuously reaching the earth’s surface. Next to biological processes, it plays a crucial role in the decomposition of pollutants introduced by humans into the environment. Integrating of natural photo-decomposition with other physico-chemical processes becomes a current and effective water purification method. The research focused on investigating the decomposition of selected micropollutant water solutions exposed to the direct action of sunlight. Model aqueous solutions (deionized water, salt water, and surface water) were spiked with analytical standards of diclofenac, triclosan, butylated hydroxytoluene, and 4-tert -octylphenol and subjected to solar radiation during European winter, spring, summer, and fall periods. The samples were tested using gas chromatography, the Microtox bioassay, and the Lemna minor Growth Inhibition Test (GIT). It has been shown that the decomposition rate of all tested compounds strongly depends on the period of the year. It relates to the different intensities of solar radiation reaching the earth’s surface. The highest number of by-products of the decomposition of individual compounds was observed in the spring and autumn periods. These post-process solutions were also characterized by higher toxicity than those processed in summer and winter.
DC Inductor Design using the Unique Air Gap Equation

this paper presents a new design method of the DC inductor using the unique air gap equation. The uniqueness of the air gap equation is demonstrated using diﬀerent mathematical methods. The equation used in the literature for the air gap calculation is ambiguous and can easily lead to misconceptions of its dependency on the core cross section. Furthermore, this paper investigates the eﬀect of changing the relative permeability and the inductance value on the number of turns and the air gap. An advantage of the proposed method is it gives a good understanding of the interdependence between the inductance variables. Its main features are: (1) straightforward design ﬂow of the DC inductor, (2) low optimization time and (3) better accuracy.
Mimicking proteasomal release of polyglutamine peptides initiates aggregation and toxicity

Several neurodegenerative disorders, including Huntington's disease, are caused by expansion of the polyglutamine (polyQ) tract over 40 glutamines in the disease-related protein. Fragments of these proteins containing the expanded polyQ tract are thought to initiate aggregation and represent the toxic species. Although it is not clear how these toxic fragments are generated, in vitro data suggest that proteasomes are unable to digest polyQ tracts. To examine whether the resulting polyQ peptides could initiate aggregation in living cells, we mimicked proteasomal release of monomeric polyQ peptides. These peptides lack the commonly used starting methionine residue or any additional tag. Only expanded polyQ peptides seem to be peptidase resistant, and their accumulation initiated the aggregation process. As observed in polyQ disorders, these aggregates subsequently sequestered proteasomes, ubiquitin and polyQ proteins, and recruited Hsp70. The generated expanded polyQ peptides were toxic to neuronal cells. Our approach mimics proteasomal release of pure polyQ peptides in living cells, and represents a valuable tool to screen for proteins and compounds that affect aggregation and toxicity.
The Effect of Bilingualism on Children Cognitive Development

Bilingualism has become an increasingly common phenomenon in today’s globalized world, with many children growing up exposed to two or more languages. As a result, there has been growing interest among researchers in understanding the impact of bilingualism on thinking development in young and children. Some studies have confirmed that bilingualism can have a positive effect on children’s perception cognitive development, particularly in the zones of attention control, operational memory, and cognitive flexibility. Dual-language learners may also have better planning and organization skills, such as task-switching and inhibitory control, compared to monolingual children. These cognitive advantages may be due to the cognitive demands of managing two languages, which can lead to increased cognitive flexibility and problem-solving skills. Research also has indicated that bilinguals may experience interference or facilitation effects in lexical access, depending on the degree of overlap between the two languages. However, other studies have failed to find a significant effect of bilingualism on cognitive development. Some researchers have suggested that the there is a strong relationship between bilingual individuals and their cognitive development. They may depend on a variety of factors, such as the age at which a child begins to learn a second language and the amount he learns from each language, socio-economic background of the child and, level of proficiency that a person has in each language can affect their cognitive and linguistic abilities. Despite mixed guidance, potential benefits of bilingualism on cognitive development have important implications for both policy and education. Those in charge should consider designing specific educational programs for children from linguistically diverse backgrounds to help enhance their cognitive development.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Experiences of inpatient eating disorder admissions

Objective: There has been a significant increase in the number of inpatient admissions for individuals with eating disorders and, with the most critical cases requiring inpatient treatment, it is essential that we continue to improve associated outcomes. The aim of the study was to synthesise the available qualitative literature on the experiences of inpatient admissions for eating disorders to understand individuals' experiences and identify areas that may require further research and/or service development. Method: Searches were performed on the following online databases: PsycINFO, PsycArticles, PsycTherapy MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, ASSIA, Scopus and Proquest Open Access Theses. Only papers with qualitative data regarding individuals' experiences of inpatient eating disorder treatment were considered. The CASP qualitative checklist was used to assess studies and relevant data items were extracted. Thematic synthesis was used to integrate the findings in the identified studies. GRADE-CERQual was used to rate the confidence in the findings. Results: Twenty-eight studies were identified which the CASP assessment considered to be adequate. The synthesis produced 5 main themes; ‘Care and control ’ , ‘Inpatient bubble ’ , ‘Being supported and understood ’ , ‘Challenges of living with others' eating disorders ’ and finally ‘Relationship to eating disorder ’ . The GRADE CERQual framework rated findings with high or moderate confidence. Conclusions: Findings reaffirmed the importance of patient-centred care and the significant impact of being separated from normal life with others also experiencing an eating disorder.
The 6th edition of Nanotech France 2021

This work presents the approach of directly stabilizing the metrology lasers of a long-range nanopositioning and measuring machine to an optical frequency comb. The frequency comb is referenced to a GPS disciplined oscillator. This way a direct and permanent link of the laser frequency to an atomic clock is created allowing direct traceability to the SI meter definition. Furthermore the longterm stability of the individual comb lines can be transferred onto the metrology lasers enhancing their longterm stability by three orders of magnitude
Berberine decreases S100B generation to regulate gut vascular barrier permeability in mice with burn injury

Abstract Context: Berberine (BBR) can regulate enteric glial cells (EGCs) and the gut vascular barrier (GVB). Objective: To explore whether BBR regulates GVB permeability via the S100B pathway. Materials and methods: GVB hyperpermeability in C57BL/6J mice was induced by burns or S100B enema. BBR (25 or 50 mg/kg/d, 3 d) was gavaged preburn. S100B monoclonal antibody (S100BmAb) was i.v. injected postburn. Mouse intestinal microvascular endothelial cells (MIMECs) were treated with S100B, S100B plus BBR, or Z-IETD-FMK. GVB permeability was assayed by FITC-dextran, S100B by ELISA, caspase-8, β-catenin, occludin and PV-1 by immunoblot. Results: Burns elevated S100B in serum and in colonic mucosa to a peak (147.00 ± 4.95 ng/mL and 160.30 ± 8.50 ng/mg, respectively) at 36 h postburn, but BBR decreased burns-induced S100B in serum (126.20 ± 6.30 or 90.60 ± 3.78 ng/mL) and in mucosa (125.80 ± 12.40 or 91.20 ± 8.54 ng/mg). Burns raised GVB permeability (serum FITC-dextran 111.40 ± 8.56 pg/mL) at 48 h postburn, but BBR reduced GVB permeability (serum FITC-dextran 89.20 ± 6.98 or 68.60 ± 5.50 ng/mL). S100B enema (1 μM) aggravated burns-raised GVB permeability (142.80 ± 8.07 pg/mL) and PV-1, but the effect of S100B was antagonized by BBR. Z-IETD-FMK (5 μM) increased S100B-induced permeability to FITC-dextran (205.80 ± 9.70 to 263.80 ± 11.04 AUs) while reducing β-catenin in MIMECs. BBR (5 μM) reduced S100B-induced permeability (104.20 ± 9.65 AUs) and increased caspase-8, β-catenin and occludin. Discussion and conclusion: BBR decreases burns-induced GVB hyperpermeability via modulating S100B/caspase-8/β-catenin pathway and may involve EGCs.
Etude des interactions entre diazotrophie, disponibilité nutritive et production planctonique dans l'océan de surface du pacifique tropical sud-ouest par une approche combinant observation et modélisation

Ce travail s'inscrit dans le cadre du projet OUTPACE visant a caracteriser les eaux du Pacifique tropical Sud-Ouest (WTSP) en termes de stocks et flux biogeochimiques, et de diversite biologique des diazotrophes le long d'un transect longitudinal Ouest-Est. Il est le fruit de la combinaison etroite de deux approches, l'une experimentale et l'autre basee sur la modelisation, dans le but d'etudier le role de la diazotrophie dans la dynamique planctonique et les cycles biogeochimiques des eaux de surface du WTSP. Les analyses de plusieurs grandeurs mesurees lors de la campagne, et notamment la production primaire (PP) et du temps de turnover du phosphate inorganique dissous (DIP), ont permis d'observer un gradient Ouest-Est de productivite et de disponibilite nutritive, etroitement lie a la variabilite spatiale des taux de fixation de N$_2$. L'utilisation d'un modele biogeochimique mecaniste (implemente dans la plateforme Eco3M) incluant explicitement deux compartiments de diazotrophes, couple a un modele physique 1D vertical, a permis de mettre en evidence le fait que l'absence/presence de diazotrophie permettait d'expliquer le contraste observe entre les regions de l'Ouest de l'archipel Melanesien (WMA) et de l'Ouest de la gyre du Pacifique Sud (WGY). Les resultats du modele ont montre que les organismes non diazotrophes beneficiaient de l'apport d'azote nouveau apporte par la fixation de N$_2$, et que la production planctonique de surface dependait significativement de l'activite des diazotrophes, cette derniere controlee a l'Ouest par la disponibilite en phosphate et a l'Est par la disponibilite en fer.
Biozones: vegetation units defined by functional characters identifiable with the aid of satellite sensor images

Functional characters are rarely taken into account in most vegetation classification systems. Ignoring these characters represents a major shortcoming when the dynamic aspects of ecosystems need to be recorded. In this paper we define vegetational and environmental units mainly from functional characters of the vegetation (namely the seasonal dynamics of the ANPP or of the green biomass), and we propose for these units the name of Biozones. The abovementioned functional characters are derived from satellite images. To illustrate our biozones, we discuss the biozones of central Patagonia, using spectral data of the AVHRR/NOAA satellite. Key acronyms. ANPP, Aerial Net Primary Production; AVHRR, Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer, NDVI, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index; NOAA, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Agency; PO, Polar Ordination; PCA, Principal Component Analysis; PC, Principal Component; DC, Discriminant Coordinates; VPD, Vapour Pressure
Tobacco Use and Depression: A Hidden Epidemic among Smokers 18 Years and Older, Puerto Rico, 2018-2020.

OBJECTIVE According to the literature, depression and tobacco use are closely linked. This study's main objectives were to provide the first population-based epidemiological profile of smokers with depression (SWD) who were 18 years and older and living in Puerto Rico (PR) from 2018 to 2020 and identify any statistically significant differences between SWD and smokers without depression (SWOD). METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out using PR Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (PRBRFSS) data (2018-2020). Univariate analysis was performed to obtain an epidemiological profile of smokers who had depression. Likewise, using bivariate analysis, SWD and SWOD were compared to identify statistically significant differences in terms of chronic conditions, risk factors, and quit attempts. RESULTS Depression prevalence among smokers 18 years and over in PR from 2018-2020 was 23.7%. Smokers with depression were more likely to be physically inactive (P < .001), overweight or obese (P < .001), have arthritis (P < .001), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (P < .001), asthma (P < .001), high cholesterol (P < .001), hypertension (P < .001), coronary heart disease (P < .001), diabetes (P < .001), stroke (P < .001), and heart attack (P < .001) compared with SWOD. Likewise, SWD made more quitting attempts in the past year than did SWOD (P < .001). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that SWD should be targeted in any health-based tobacco-control efforts to develop evidence-based strategies to reduce or eliminate tobacco use in this same population.