Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lactate in the tumor microenvironment: A rising star for targeted tumor therapy

Metabolic reprogramming is one of fourteen hallmarks of tumor cells, among which aerobic glycolysis, often known as the “Warburg effect,” is essential to the fast proliferation and aggressive metastasis of tumor cells. Lactate, on the other hand, as a ubiquitous molecule in the tumor microenvironment (TME), is generated primarily by tumor cells undergoing glycolysis. To prevent intracellular acidification, malignant cells often remove lactate along with H+, yet the acidification of TME is inevitable. Not only does the highly concentrated lactate within the TME serve as a substrate to supply energy to the malignant cells, but it also works as a signal to activate multiple pathways that enhance tumor metastasis and invasion, intratumoral angiogenesis, as well as immune escape. In this review, we aim to discuss the latest findings on lactate metabolism in tumor cells, particularly the capacity of extracellular lactate to influence cells in the tumor microenvironment. In addition, we examine current treatment techniques employing existing medications that target and interfere with lactate generation and transport in cancer therapy. New research shows that targeting lactate metabolism, lactate-regulated cells, and lactate action pathways are viable cancer therapy strategies.
AN EQUIVALENCE RESULT FOR VC CLASSES OF SETS

Let and Θ be infinite sets and let × Θ. We show that the class of projections of A onto is a Vapnik–Chervonenkis (VC) class of sets if and only if the class of projections of A onto Θ is a VC class. We illustrate the result in the context of semiparametric estimation of a transformation model. In this application, the VC property is hard to establish for the projection class of interest but easy to establish for the other projection class.
Necrosis of Carcinoma Cells Using Co Ni Fe O and Ba Sr Fe O Ferrites Under Alternating Magnetic Field

The purpose of this study was to investigate the cell necrosis by the hysteric heating of Co Ni Fe O and Ba Sr Fe O ferrites under external magnetic field with respect to applications in hyperthermic cancer treatments. Co Ni Fe O and Ba Sr Fe O ferrites were synthe- sized by a sol-gel process. Variation of the temperature as a result of hysteresis heating was measured as a function of the exposure time to the external alternating magnetic field at frequencies of 0.1 15 MHz. A human squamous cell carcinoma KB cell line was selected to determine the effect of the synthesized ferrites on the destruction of carcinoma cells in vitro using a methylthiazol tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. When a CoFe O disc was placed in 0.2 ml of distilled water, the greatest temperature change ( C) was observed. More than half of the malignant carcinoma cells were dead after being exposed to the 7-MHz ac magnetic field for 1 h by CoFe O ferrites, while normal cells survived more than 60% of the time.
Failure Rates After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Repair With Suture Tape Augmentation in an Active-Duty Military Population

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) repair had previously been considered the standard of care for a ruptured ACL; however, ACL reconstruction has became the standard of care because of poor midterm outcomes after ACL repair. Recently, studies have suggested that the treatment paradigm should shift back to ACL repair. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of ACL repair augmented with suture tape in a high-demand military population. We hypothesized that for proximal ACL avulsions, ACL repair with suture tape augmentation would lead to acceptable failure rates, satisfactory knee stability, excellent functional outcomes, and high rates of return to preinjury activity levels. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Patients who were treated with ACL repair by a single surgeon between March 2017 and June 2019 and who had a minimum of 2 years of follow-up were included. Intraoperatively, all patients first underwent an arthroscopic examination. If an ACL avulsion of the proximal insertion with adequate remaining tissue was visualized, then ACL repair was performed. The primary outcome assessed was ACL repair failure, defined as reruptures or clinical instability requiring revision to ACL reconstruction. Analysis of the risk factors for ACL repair failure was conducted, with age at surgery, sex, body mass index, level of competition, and tobacco use evaluated. Results: Included were 46 patients (32 male and 14 female; mean age, 28.3 ± 8.4 years) who underwent ACL repair with suture tape augmentation. There were 12 cases of failure (26.1%; 8 male and 4 female). The mean time from injury to surgery in the failure group was 164.1 ± 59.4 days compared to 107.3 ± 98.0 days in the nonfailure group (P = .02). According to multivariate regression analysis, patients aged ≤17 and ≥35 years, elite/competitive/operational patients, and current smokers had a higher chance of ACL repair failure. The mean time to pass a military physical fitness test was 5.0 months. There were no complications other than ACL repair failure. Conclusion: Primary arthroscopic ACL repair with suture tape augmentation resulted in unacceptably high failure rates at a minimum of 2 years of follow-up in a highly active military population. Age ≤17 and ≥35 years, elite level of competition, time from injury to surgery, and active tobacco use were independent risk factors for ACL repair failure.
Regulatory Role of Fatty Acid Metabolism-Related Long Noncoding RNA in Prostate Cancer: A Computational Biology Study Analysis

In elderly men, prostate cancer is a leading cause of death. Tumor cells require more energy to progress than normal cells, and this energy is mainly dependent on the large amount of ATP support generated by lipid metabolism. Therefore, in this study, we focused on long noncoding RNAs related to lipid metabolism in prostate cancer to discover the biological mechanisms of lipid metabolism regulation. The TCGA-PRAD cohort was used in this study for computational biology analysis. In lipid metabolism biological pathways, 1959 long noncoding RNAs were identified by Pearson correlation coefficient analysis of protein-coding genes, then univariate regression with P values fewer than 0.05. We further identified 784 lncRNAs that were lipid metabolism-related lncRNAs considered to have prognostic value for disease-free survival. Subsequently, we constructed two lncRNA expression patterns of lipid metabolism based on these lncRNAs by nonnegative matrix dimensionality reduction. These two expression patterns showed significant differences in disease-free survival curves for those diagnosed with prostate cancer. We found significant differences in mRNA surveillance pathway and mRNA processing between C1 and C2 groups based on the WGCNA method to explore the biological characteristics of these two expression patterns. Finally, we constructed a disease-free survival (PFS) model based on these lncRNAs. The results identified lncRNAs involved in lipid metabolism and revealed differences in their expression patterns. Additionally, the results offer candidate ideas and approaches concerning the precision treatment of prostate cancer by studying lipid metabolism by candidate long noncoding RNAs.
A stochastic fractal model of the universe related to the fractional Laplacian

A new stochastic fractal model based on a fractional Laplace equation is developed. Exact representation for the spectral and correlation functions under random boundary excitation are obtained. Randomized spectral expansion is constructed for simulation of the solution of the fractional Laplace equation. We present calculations for 2D and 3D spaces for a series of fractional parameters showing a strong memory effect: the decay of correlations is several order of magnitudes less compared to the conventional Laplace equation model.
A High-Resolution Analytical Thermal Modeling Method of Capacitor Bank Considering Thermal Coupling and Different Cooling Modes

Thermal stress is of crucial importance to capacitor reliability. However, for a capacitor bank, on spatial scale, the complex heat transfer modes are not clearly illustrated; and on time scale, the equivalent series resistance (ESR) aging is neither fully discussed in current evaluation methods. These could lead to a glaring error in the prediction of temperature distribution and lifetime estimation. Therefore, this article proposed an analytical thermal modeling method with high-resolution for the capacitor bank, considering the thermal coupling effect between individual capacitors, as well as different cooling conditions and the heat variation caused by ESR aging. First, the improved thermal state-space modeling method is proposed to universally describe a multiple heat source system. Then, based on heat transfer and fluid mechanic theories, the characterization method of thermal coupling effect in different cooling modes is discussed. Furthermore, the ESR aging model is applied in the electrothermal analysis of capacitor bank, aiming to improve the accuracy of thermal calculation in long time scale. Finally, to alleviate the uneven temperature distribution in an in-line designed capacitor bank, a staggered design method is proposed followed by a case study, where a nine-capacitor bank is presented to validate the corresponding modeling method and optimization.
Characterization of Potential Intoxications with Medicines in a Regional Setting

The Portuguese Poison Information Center (from Portuguese—CIAV) is a call center that offers medical assistance in case of possible intoxication with any kind of product, including medicines. This center´s main goal is to inform and guide the general public and health professionals. This work aimed to analyze and compare data corresponding to the telephone calls from the Algarve region (South of Portugal), received by CIAV during 2019 and 2020, regarding potential intoxications with medicines. To this end, data provided by CIAV on possible cases of medication intoxication in the Algarve region were collected, including the number of calls received, the place of origin of the call, the age group and sex of the intoxicated individual, the route of exposure to the drug, the circumstances of contact with the substance, the existence of symptoms, and the drug or drugs involved in the potential intoxication. The results showed that the number of cases slightly decreased in 2020 (n = 1261) compared with 2019 (n = 1340), with a high number of cases of intoxication in children between one and four years old in both years (21.2%; n = 152 in 2019; 16.4%; n = 115 in 2020). The drugs belonging to the locomotor system group (paracetamol and ibuprofen) were the main drugs involved, followed by the central nervous system pharmacotherapeutic group, namely benzodiazepines (diazepam and alprazolam). Paracetamol was the main drug responsible for the calls to CIAV (n = 71 in 2019; n = 63 in 2020), while for the remaining drugs there were fluctuations in their positions between both years. In some cases, this swinging may be explained by the possible changes in therapy due to potential interactions with drugs used for the treatment of symptoms of COVID-19 or perhaps related to misleading information released by the media about the use of some drugs, such as ibuprofen, during lockdown periods. Although there has been a decrease in calls to report possible drug intoxication in the Algarve region, the profile of calls was very similar. Paracetamol was the drug with the highest number of reported cases and the group of psychotropic drugs showed the largest increase between 2019 and 2020.
On the convergence of Fourier series

We define the space Bp={f:(−π,π]→R, f(t)=∑n=0∞cnbn(t), ∑n=0∞|cn|<∞}. Each bn is a special p-atom, that is, a real valued function, defined on (−π,π], which is either b(t)=1/2π or b(t)=−1|I|1/pXR(t)
Direct observation of interlocked domain walls and topological four-state vortex-like domain patterns in multiferroic YMnO3 single crystal

Using the advanced spherical aberration-corrected high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscope imaging techniques, we investigated atomic-scale structural features of domain walls and domain patterns in YMnO3 single crystal. Three different types of interlocked ferroelectric-antiphase domain walls and two abnormal topological four-state vortex-like domain patterns are identified. Each ferroelectric domain wall is accompanied by a translation vector, i.e., 1/6[210] or −1/6[210], demonstrating its interlocked nature. Different from the four-state vortex domain patterns caused by a partial edge dislocation, two four-state vortex-like domain configurations have been obtained at atomic level. These observed phenomena can further extend our understanding of the fascinating vortex domain patterns in multiferroic hexagonal rare-earth manganites.
PV Inverter-Based Fair Power Quality Control

Low voltage distribution networks incorporating solar photovoltaic (PV) panels experience overvoltage and voltage unbalance during periods of low load and high PV generation. Resolving overvoltage by active power curtailment (APC) is an effective and cost-efficient solution. However, current APC techniques result in excessive and unfair power curtailment for prosumers at the sensitive parts of the grid that might induce neutral current. In this work, an analytical approach for fair APC and Reactive Power Control is presented for voltage regulation along with neutral current compensation. The desired power quality is maintained by controlling each phase of the PV inverter independently. The proposed algorithm regulates the voltage at the point of common coupling (PCC) within grid limits, eliminates neutral current, and reduces the grid unbalance. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that reducing the neutral current reduces the voltage at the PCC and consequently decreases the power curtailment required for overvoltage regulation.
The breakdown of superfluidity in liquid 4He: an experimental test of Landau’s theory

A single pulse time of flight technique has been used to determine the drift velocity F of the negative ions injected into liquid 4He from a field emission source. Measurements of v as a function of temperature T, pressure P and electric field E are presented within the range: 0.29 ≤ T ≤ 0.5 K; 21 x 105 ≤ P ≤ 25 x 105 Pa; 1 ≤ E ≤ 300kV m-1. The experimental results are in good agreement with Landau’s theory of superfluidity. The data are used to demonstrate the inapplicability of two theories of supercritical dissipation: by Takken, based on an assumption of coherent roton emission; and by Bowley & Sheard, based on the assumption of incoherent single-roton emission. The results are, however, shown to be in excellent agreement with Bowley & Sheard’s incoherent two-roton theory, and the data are used to derive a numerical value of the matrix element characterizing two-roton emission. The surprising absence of the single-roton emission process is discussed, and an upper bound is placed on the relevant matrix element.
A kernel-distance-based multivariate control chart using support vector methods

This paper focuses on the monitoring techniques applied in multivariate processes when the underlying distribution of the quality characteristics departs from normality. For most conventional control charts, such as Hotelling's T 2 charts, the design of the control limits is commonly based on the assumption that the quality characteristics follow a multivariate normal distribution. However, this may not be reasonable in many real-world problems. This paper addresses this issue and proposes a monitoring approach motivated by statistical learning theory, which has been applied successfully in the field of pattern recognition. The developed multivariate control chart is based on the kernel distance, which is a measure of the distance between the 'kernel centre' and the incoming new sample to be monitored. The kernel distance can be calculated using support vector methods. This chart makes use of information extracted from in-control preliminary samples. A case study demonstrates that the kernel-distance-based chart can perform better than conventional charts when the underlying distribution of the quality characteristics is not multivariate normal.
ECS-Grid: Data-Oriented Real-Time Simulation Platform for Cyber-Physical Power Systems

ECS-Grid is the first data-oriented real-time electromagnetic transient simulation platform for cyber-physical power systems (CPPS). Traditional simulation tools are constrained by object-oriented programming (OOP) architecture, which is now a significant obstruction to creating a comprehensive cyber-physical simulation. Therefore, the proposed ECS-Grid platform follows a new data-oriented paradigm based on an entity-component-system (ECS) framework, which delivers higher flexibility, extensibility, scalability, and performance to support cyber-physical system research. ECS-Grid proposes a layer of virtual intelligent electronic devices (vIEDs) to model IEDs in CPPSs. The vIEDs directly talk to physical components and communicate asynchronously with cyber services via the proposed high-performance JSON-like binary protocol. Tests with the islanding and the man-in-the-middle cyberattack scenarios on a 711-node ac–dc microgrid cluster based on a modified CIGRE 15-Bus system are performed and give accurate results. A faster-than-real-time performance is achieved on the 10th Gen Intel Core TM i7 computer, and real-time performance is achieved on distributed embedded NVIDIA Jetson platform. The ECS-Grid design and test results demonstrate the potential of the ECS data-oriented paradigm and may inspire the renovation of industrial simulation software.
Some exponential moments of sums of independent random variables

If {Xn} is a sequence of vector valued random variables, {a„} a sequence of positive constants, and M = supn>l||(.Y, +. • • • + X„)/an\\, we examine when E($(M)) < oo under various conditions on i>, [Xn], and (a„). These integrability results easily apply to empirical distribution functions.
The effect of Prandtl number on decaying stratified turbulence

The effects of the variation in the Prandtl number on turbulence in a stably-stratified fluid is investigated by direct numerical simulation. The results of simulations are presented of the homogeneous decay of turbulence for a given initial Froude number and three different initial Reynolds numbers of increasing values. For each of these cases results for two different Prandtl numbers, 1 and 7, are shown. Various statistics are put forward, including kinetic and potential energy decay rates, kinetic and potential energy dissipation rates, buoyancy fluxes, energy spectra, and statistics conditioned on the local value of the vertical density gradient. It is found that the effect of increasing the Prandtl number is to increase the kinetic energy dissipation rate, while decreasing the potential energy dissipation rate. There is a notable transfer of potential to kinetic energy for the higher Prandtl number case. Finally there is evidence, based upon the analysis of vertical planes and statistics conditional on the local density gradient, that most irreversible mixing of both density and momentum occurs in regions of stronger static stability.
Robust Gait Recognition Based on Deep CNNs With Camera and Radar Sensor Fusion

In recent years, gait recognition has emerged as an important and promising solution for human identification. Generally, gait recognition is based on a single type of sensor, such as a camera or a radar. However, data of a single modality may only capture inadequate gait features of a person, such as camera data lacking the intuitive micro-motion pattern information and radar data lacking the information about gait appearance, making gait-based human identification system vulnerable to complex covariate conditions, e.g., cross-view and cross-walking-condition. To build a robust and reliable gait-based human identification system, in this study, we propose a multisensor gait recognition framework with deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) by fusing camera gait energy images (GEIs) and radar time-Doppler spectrograms. To learn the fine-grained gait appearance features, we propose a body-part spatial attention (BPSA) module to obtain more discriminative body part representations of GEIs. To learn the gait micro-motion pattern, we propose a long-short temporal relation modeling (LSTRM) module to obtain the local and global micro-motion representation of time-Doppler spectrograms. Finally, we fuse the discriminative body part representation and the micro-motion pattern at the multiscale feature space to obtain richer and more robust gait features for human identification. We provide an extensive empirical evaluation in terms of various complex covariate conditions, namely, cross-view and cross-walking-condition. Experiments on 121 subjects with eight views and three walking conditions of camera and radar data show our proposed method is more robust and accurate.
Spiral and shock front development in accretion discs in close binaries: Physically viscous and non-viscous SPH modelling

A comparison between an accretion disc model, whose transport mechanisms are driven only by artificial viscosity, and a physically viscous accretion disc model for the same close binary system is performed here by adopting the same pa- rameters and boundary conditions. These assumptions mean that artificial viscosity, included in both models, shares, together with physical viscosity, mass and angular momentum transport in the second disc model. The Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) Lagrangian scheme has been adopted in both models and αss = 1 has been considered as for the viscous model according to the well-known Shakura and Sunjaev formulation. Physical viscosity is represented by the viscous force contribution as a divergence of the symmetric viscous stress tensor in the Navier-Stokes equation, whilst the viscous energy contribution is given by a symmetric combination of the symmetric shear tensor times to the particle velocity. Adopting a supersonic particle inflow- ing at the inner lagrangian point L1, clear spiral strong shocks in the radial flux develop from the inviscid 3D model. Extended spirals and shock fronts are even more evident in the viscous accretion disc model, which is larger than the non-viscous one in the XY orbital plane. Characteristics of the two disc structures as well as observational consequences are discussed.
Complete Plane Strain Problem of a Nonhomogeneous Elastic Body with a Doubly-Periodic Set of Cracks

In this paper, we wish to use complex potential methods to solve the fundamental complete plane strain (CPS) problems of a three-dimensional nonhomogeneous elastic body with a doubly-periodic set of cracks in the x 1 , x 2 plane. We resolve the complete plane strain state, which is a special three-dimensional elastic system, into two linearly independent two-dimensional (plane) elastic systems by the superposition principle of force. Based on a suitable modification of Cauchy-type integrals, which is defined by the replacement of the Cauchy kernel 1/(t - z) by the Weierstrass zeta function ζ(t - z), the general representation for the solution is constructed, under some general restrictions the boundary value problem is reduced to a normal type singular integral equation with a Weierstrass zeta kernel, and the existence of an essentially unique solution is proved.