Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Time variations in the OH microwave and infrared emission from late-type stars

Abstract : The OH microwave and infrared variability of 14 OH/IR stars were studied. Many of the sources show periodic flux variations between 1 and 10 micrometer and in the 1612-MHz OH lines with no appreciable phase difference between the infrared and microwave. The best explanation for this correlation seems to be that the OH masers are radiatively pumped. In at least two sources the 1665- and 1667-MHz variations are significantly greater and more random than in the 1612-MHz sources. These data are not of sufficient quality to determine if the 1665/1667-MHz and infrared variations are significantly correlated. A correlation does exist between the period of variation, the amplitude of variation at 2.2 micrometers, the (3.5 micrometers) - (10 micrometers) color index, the separation in velocity of the two OH emission features, and the existence of 1.35 cm H2O emission in the Mira type stars observed. No evidence is seen in the infrared for periodic variations of the color temperature of the circumstellar shells which are believed to surround many of these stars. (Author)
Orientation of conduction velocity vectors on cardiac mapping surfaces

Abstract Aims Electroanatomical maps using automated conduction velocity (CV) algorithms are now being calculated using two-dimensional (2D) mapping tools. We studied the accuracy of mapping surface 2D CV, compared to the three-dimensional (3D) vectors, and the influence of mapping resolution in non-scarred animal and human heart models. Methods and results Two models were used: a healthy porcine Langendorff model with transmural needle electrodes and a computer stimulation model of the ventricles built from an MRI-segmented, excised human heart. Local activation times (LATs) within the 3D volume of the mesh were used to calculate true 3D CVs (direction and velocity) for different pixel resolutions ranging between 500 μm and 4 mm (3D CVs). CV was also calculated for endocardial surface-only LATs (2D CV). In the experimental model, surface (2D) CV was faster on the epicardium (0.509 m/s) compared to the endocardium (0.262 m/s). In stimulation models, 2D CV significantly exceeded 3D CVs across all mapping resolutions and increased as resolution decreased. Three-dimensional and 2D left ventricle CV at 500 μm resolution increased from 429.2 ± 189.3 to 527.7 ± 253.8 mm/s (P < 0.01), respectively, with modest correlation (R = 0.64). Decreasing the resolution to 4 mm significantly increased 2D CV and weakened the correlation (R = 0.46). The majority of CV vectors were not parallel (<30°) to the mapping surface providing a potential mechanistic explanation for erroneous LAT-based CV over-estimation. Conclusion Ventricular CV is overestimated when using 2D LAT-based CV calculation of the mapping surface and significantly compounded by mapping resolution. Three-dimensional electric field-based approaches are needed in mapping true CV on mapping surfaces.
Extracellular RNA: mechanisms of secretion and potential functions

Abstract Extracellular RNA (exRNA) has long been considered as cellular waste that plants can degrade and utilize to recycle nutrients. However, recent findings highlight the need to reconsider the biological significance of RNAs found outside of plant cells. A handful of studies suggest that the exRNA repertoire, which turns out to be an extremely heterogenous group of non-coding RNAs, comprises species as small as a dozen nucleotides to hundreds of nucleotides long. They are found mostly in free form or associated with RNA-binding proteins, while very few are found inside extracellular vesicles (EVs). Despite their low abundance, small RNAs associated with EVs have been a focus of exRNA research due to their putative role in mediating trans-kingdom RNAi. Therefore, non-vesicular exRNAs have remained completely under the radar until very recently. Here we summarize our current knowledge of the RNA species that constitute the extracellular RNAome and discuss mechanisms that could explain the diversity of exRNAs, focusing not only on the potential mechanisms involved in RNA secretion but also on post-release processing of exRNAs. We will also share our thoughts on the putative roles of vesicular and extravesicular exRNAs in plant–pathogen interactions, intercellular communication, and other physiological processes in plants.
Stromal bone marrow fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells support acute myeloid leukaemia cells and promote therapy resistance

The bone marrow (BM) is the primary site of adult haematopoiesis, where stromal elements (e.g. fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells [MSCs]) work in concert to support blood cell development. However, the establishment of an abnormal clone can lead to a blood malignancy, such as acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Despite our increased understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease, patient survival remains suboptimal, mainly driven by the development of therapy resistance. In this review, we highlight the importance of bone marrow fibroblasts and MSCs in health and acute myeloid leukaemia and their impact on patient prognosis. We discuss how stromal elements reduce the killing effects of therapies via a combination of contact‐dependent (e.g. integrins) and contact‐independent (i.e. secreted factors) mechanisms, accompanied by the establishment of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Importantly, we underline the challenges of therapeutically targeting the bone marrow stroma to improve acute myeloid leukaemia patient outcomes, due to the inherent heterogeneity of stromal cell populations.
The Fourier Algebra of a Measured Groupoid and Its Multipliers

Abstract The classical definitions of the Fourier algebras B ( G ) and A ( G ) of a locally compact group are extended to an arbitrary measured groupoid G . Dualities are established between B ( G ) and A ( G ) and the convolution algebras C * μ ( G ) and VN ( G ) in the framework of operator modules. They are used to generalize results of Varopoulos and Pisier about Littlewood functions and completely bounded multipliers.
High-power laser diodes emitting light above 1100 nm with a small vertical divergence angle of 13°

Laser diodes with highly strained InGaAs quantum wells, emitting at 1130 nm, embedded in a GaAs waveguide were investigated. This Letter reviews the design of the vertical structure for enclosing high output power in angles smaller than 18°. Example designs were processed to 200 μm stripe-width lasers with an 8-mm-long optical cavity. When these are mounted on C mounts, they give an output power of 38 W under quasi-cw operation from a single emitter.
Forecasting Shelter Accessibility and Vehicle Availability for Hurricane Evacuation in Northern New Jersey Using Sample Enumeration

As a part of a statewide effort to update county emergency management plans and to develop regional mass evacuation plans for New Jersey's four planning regions, this study developed and used a methodology to forecast mode-specific and destination-specific evacuees and measure the accessibility of evacuees to shelters and evacuation vehicles at the level of census tracts for a seven-county region. The paper presents a discussion on certain critical issues pertaining to the prediction of evacuation behavior, and provides results from explanatory and forecasting models on evacuation likelihood as well as results from parsimonious forecasting models on mode choice and destination choice of evacuees. It presents county aggregates of total evacuees, mode-specific evacuees, and shelter-bound evacuees obtained by integrating the model results with spatial data from secondary sources. It further shows the level of access to shelters and evacuation vehicles at the level of census tracts by combining evacuee forecasts with data on shelters and evacuation vehicles. Finally, it shows the potential impact of a shelter-in-place advisory on the evacuee forecasts.
Record low surface recombination velocities on 1 Ω cm p‐silicon using remote plasma silicon nitride passivation

Outstanding surface passivation of low‐resistivity single‐crystalline p‐silicon is reported using silicon nitride fabricated at low temperature (375 °C) in a remote plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition system. The effective surface recombination velocity Seff is determined as a function of the bulk injection level from light‐biased photoconductance decay measurements. On polished as well as chemically textured silicon wafers we find that our remote plasma silicon nitride provides better surface passivation than the best high‐temperature thermal oxides ever reported. For polished 1.5 and 0.7 Ω cm p‐silicon wafers, record low Seff values of 4 and 20 cm/s, respectively, are presented.
Comparison of Test Statistics for the Sequential Parallel Design

The sequential parallel design has been proposed to improve the efficiency of clinical trials in psychiatry. The design randomizes patients into three treatment groups. Each group has two phases. The three groups are (1) placebo in the first phase followed by placebo in the second phase, (2) placebo in the first phase followed by drug in the second phase, and (3) drug in the first phase followed by drug in the second phase. We consider the case of binary response data. The analysis of data in the second phase of the trial is restricted to placebo patients who failed to respond in the first phase of the trial. A crucial element in the choice of test statistics is the underlying assumptions of treatment effect in the two phases of the trial. We develop various likelihood-based statistics when the treatment effect is different in the two phases and for the special case in which the treatment effect is equal in the two phases. These statistics are compared in simulation studies to determine their underlying null and nonnull behavior. The score test under the assumption of equal treatment effects is seen to have advantages in terms of Type I error and robustness to assumptions.
On gl2|2 with hat(2)k Current Superalgebra and Twisted Conformal Field Theory

Motivated by the recently discovered hidden symmetry of the type IIB Green–Schwarz superstring on certain background, the non-semisimple Kac–Moody twisted superalgebra gl(2)k is investigated by means of the vector coherent state method and boson-fermion realization. The free field realization of the twisted current superalgebra at general level k is constructed. The corresponding Conformal Field Theory (CFT) has zero central charge. According to the classification theory, this CFT is a nonunitary field theory. After projecting out a U(1) factor and an outer automorphism operator, we get the free field representation of psl(2)k, which is the algebra of gl(2)k modulo the 4-outer automorphism, the CFT has central charge -2.
Disaster resilience of traditional societies from Small Island Developing States: The 2015 tropical cyclone Pam in Vanuatu

This paper investigates the resilience of traditional societies from Small Island Developing States in the face of disaster. It focuses on tropical cyclone Pam that impacted Vanuatu in 2015. Drawing upon focus group discussions using participatory tools in disaster-affected villages between 2015 and 2017, it examines both the recovery challenges faced and mechanisms developed by traditional societies from Tanna Island post-disaster. The study emphasizes that traditional societies’ resilience goes beyond absorbing and recovering from a large event but also relates to recurrent small-scale hazards. The paper further highlights traditional societies’ capacities in the face of disaster and stresses the need to strengthen or reintroduce traditional practices while supporting newly adopted mechanisms such as transnational kinship networks and remittances. It also points out the role of external aid intervention post-disaster that, if top-down and delivered disproportionally can compete with local initiatives and have negative effects on traditional societies’ resilience. The paper concludes that traditional societies should themselves define and assess their own resilience and ways to strengthen it.
C. L. Wren Radford, Lived Experiences and Social Transformations: Poetics, Politics and Power Relations in Practical Theology

by Nimmo on Schleiermacher, David Fergusson on the humility of God, and the late Christoph Schw€ obel on ‘The generosity of the Triune God and the humility of the Son’ are all simply excellent. But there is truly something in this book for everyone. Apart from the disappointing lack of dialogue between the contributors, perhaps the other missing friend is any engagement with process theology, or its less radical reformist cousins in the work of theologians such as Paul Fiddes. The question ‘Is Chalcedon beyond redemption? ’ is often posed but rarely addressed head on, except perhaps by Fergusson and Schw€ obel. The concern throughout the book seems to be: how can the limitations and experiences of the particular human being Jesus be aligned with the philosophical (essentially Greek? ) idea of divine perfection? Different models are certainly tried, but many of these seem to be variations on Augustine’s theme of Jesus’ humanity being added to, but not detracting from, his divinity. But how convincing any of these proposed solutions might prove to be remains to be seen. Even so, this book is a welcome, and at times challenging, contribution to an ongoing debate.
The Emission-Line Jet in Markarian 6

We present the results of Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and MERLIN observations of the Seyfert 1.5 galaxy Mrk 6. FOC/HST images reveal a jetlike feature in the emission line which extends ~0. ″5, or 250 pc, from the nucleus. The optical jet is cospatial with the southern radio jet, as revealed by a 6 cm MERLIN image matching the HST angular resolution, and shares with it a similar curved morphology. The emission-line jet shows a low-ionization halo surrounding a higher ionization core. This suggests that the optical jet is generated by the expansion of a halo of hot material around the radio jet. Most of the radio and optical emission originates in the innermost 110 pc, which suggests that radio and optical emission are closely associated on this small scale. These results strongly support the interpretation that the structure of the narrow-line region of Mrk 6, and of Seyfert galaxies with known linear radio sources, is dominated by the interaction between the radio ejecta and the surrounding medium.
Coupled data association and l1 minimization for multiple object tracking under occlusion

We propose a novel multiple object tracking algorithm in a particle filter framework, where the input is a set of candidate regions obtained from Robust Principle Component Analysis (RPCA) in each frame, and the goals is to recover trajectories of objects over time. Our method adapts to the changing appearance of objects, due to occlusion, illumination changes and large pose variations, by incorporating a l1 minimization-based appearance model into the Maximize A Posterior (MAP) inference. Though L1 trackers have showed impressive tracking accuracy, they are computationally demanding for multiple object tracking. Conventional data association methods using simple nonparametric appearance model, such as histogram-based descriptor, may suffer from drastic changing object appearance. The robust tracking performance of our approach has been validated with a comprehensive evaluation involving several challenging sequences and state-of-the-art multiple object trackers.
Capacitance measurements of the volume fraction and velocity of dielectric solids near a grounded wall

We describe capacitance probes that infer the volume fraction of solids near a grounded wall from a measurement of the effective dielectric constant of the suspension. The probes consist of three conductors, namely the sensor, guard, and ground surfaces. The instrument records capacitance between the sensor and ground by supplying an oscillating current of constant amplitude to the sensor. A control circuit maintains the guard and sensor voltages equal without affecting the sensor circuit. Because it surrounds the sensor conductor everywhere except at the probe surface, the guard eliminates stray and cable capacitances. By locating the ground at the periphery of the probe, this configuration renders the new instrument particularly useful in metallic vessels. Cross‐correlation of the signals from two adjacent capacitance probes also permits measurements of the velocity of dielectric solids.
Codes and arrays from cocycles

This thesis applies the two-dimensional cohomology of finite groups and the theory of cocycles to two areas: combinatorics and error correcting codes. In the first case, it is shown that several combinatorial objects denned on groups: semi-regular central relative difference sets, sequences with certain auto-correlation properties and cocyclic generalized Hadamard matrices can all be thought of as being equivalent to a single underlying concept, namely, a base sequence. Using this equivalence we can move from one of these objects to another, and so use whichever formulation is most useful. This gives a unified way of studying the combinatorial properties of extension groups in both the splitting and, more difficult, non-splitting cases. General results proven about base sequences imply corresponding results about the equivalent combinatorial objects. We apply this in two cases, generalized perfect binary arrays and perfect quaternary arrays and show, for example, that these objects are equivalent to Hadamard matrices of a specific easy to describe form. We also prove, using cohomology and generalized perfect binary arrays, that in studying the existence of abelian non-splitting semi-regular difference sets (relative to order two subgroups) we can assume the groups in question have a simple "canonical" form. We also show that a perfect quaternary array is explicitly equivalent to a particular type of generalized perfect binary array. In the theory of error correcting codes, cohomology allows us to give an isomorphism between a group ring code and the direct sum of other group ring codes that have been "twisted" by cocycles. This is a known result in certain cases (for example in the abelian case it is a generalized Chinese Remainder Theorem) but our approach gives the isomorphism explicitly in terms of multiplication by a Vandermonde matrix. We use the isomorphism to construct new codes from known "smaller" codes. For example, over a field of odd characteristic, we have &u + v\u-v code construction which has a distance estimated no worse than the well known u \ u + v construction. It has an advantage over that construction, however, because when given a cyclic code
Bounding the asymmetric error of a convex combination of classifiers.

Asymmetric error is an error that trades off between the false positive rate and the false negative rate of a binary classifier. It has been recently used in solving the imbalanced classification problem e.g., in asymmetric boosting. However, to date, the relationship between an empirical asymmetric error and its generalization counterpart has not been addressed. Bounds on the classical generalization error are not directly applicable since different penalties are associated with the false positive rate and the false negative rate respectively, and the class probability is typically ignored in the training set. In this paper, we present a bound on the expected asymmetric error of any convex combination of classifiers based on its empirical asymmetric error. We also show that the bound is a generalization of one of the latest (and tightest) bounds on the classification error of the combined classifier.
Study of interface barrier of SiNx/GaN interface for nitrogen-polar GaN based high electron mobility transistors

The SiNx/GaN interface barrier height for N-polar GaN based metal-insulator-semiconductor high electron mobility transistors (MISHEMTs) was investigated. N-polar SiNx/GaN/AlGaN/GaN MISHEMT structures with different GaN cap thicknesses were grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The properties of the SiNx/GaN interface are of critical importance to device operation and modeling in these devices. An analytical expression for the pinch-off voltage of the HEMT was obtained, and capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements with different Schottky metals were used to extract the barrier height. The Fermi level at the interface was found to be pinned at approximately 1 eV with respect to GaN conduction band edge, irrespective of the work function of the gate metal. Hall measurements of the two-dimensional electron gas density were found to corroborate the predicted interface barrier height. An approximate value for interface charge causing this pinning was calculated to be 4.5×1012 cm−2.
Participatory Collaboration Mapping in Malawi: Making Mike's Community Informatics Idea(l)s Work

In this tribute to Michael Gurstein, we first summarize three of his key concepts: Community Informatics, Effective Use, and Community Innovation. We then apply his ideas to a case on participatory collaboration mapping in Malawi. We end the tribute with a reflection and re-iterating Mike'ss call for Community Informatics research and action to keep meeting.
A distance to the Large Magellanic Cloud by main-sequence fitting.

Une photometrie profonde des sequences principales non evoluees pour deux amas du Grand Nuage de Magellan permet de mesurer directement leurs distances en ajustant: (1) au ZAMS semi-empirique de Vandenberg et Bridges; (2) aux modeles isochromes de Yale et (3) aux amas ouverts galactiques. Les resultats obtenus placent le GNM plus pres de ∼0,5 mag en module que la valeur plus traditionnelle et suggerent une revision du point zero de l'echelle galactique des Cepheides
On the Dimer Solution of Planar Ising Models

Derivations of the partition function of the Ising model on a general planar lattice L, which proceed via an associated dimer problem and use Pfaffians, are simplified by constructing a lattice LΔ (the ``terminal lattice'' derived from an ``expanded lattice'' of L) for which (A) the allowed dimer configurations are in one‐one correspondence with allowed Ising polygon configurations on L, and which (B) is planar if L is planar so that Kasteleyn's theorem may be used directly to construct the appropriate Pfaffian. This is in contrast to previous use of nonplanar associated dimer lattices for which the correspondence is not one‐one, so that is has been necessary to prove a somewhat obscure ``cancellation theorem. ''
Electromagnetic Scattering By an Object in Relativistic Translational Motion

An exact relativistic solution to the problem of electromagnetic wave scattering by uniformly translating bodies can be performed by applying Lorentz field transforming formulae to plane wave spectra representing impinging and scattered fields. An application to the two-dimensional problem of a monochromatic plane wave scattering for the case of one cylinder in the presence of a plane interface has been carried out. By virtue of a peculiar notation for electromagnetic vector fields used throughout the paper, the application of Lorentz formulae to plane waves and to plane-wave expandable fields can be easily expressed by altering propagation parameters (amplitude, frequency and direction).