Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory Effect of Hydroxymethylfurfural in Viability of BALB/C Mice Splenocytes

Background: This study was designed to discover if hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) exposure modifies cell proliferation and DNA damage in BALB/c mice splenocytes. Methods: Mitogenesis in T cells and B cells was induced by Concanavalin A (Con A) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The colorimetric tetrazolium assay was used to evaluate cell proliferation. DNA damaging consequences were evaluated via measurement of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) level in BALB/c mice splenocytes. Results: Spleen cells proliferation elicited by ConA, was dramatically suppressed by 25, 50 and 100 mM of HMF. However, there was not any significant difference between various concentrations of HMF. The same result was observed following treatment with LPS and HMF in different concentrations. Eight-OHdG concentration was elevated significantly in HMF treated groups compared with untreated control and mitogens. Conclusion: HMF was found to have immunosuppressing and DNA damaging properties in mM concentrations in mice splenocytes.
Verifying Instruction Set Simulators using Coverage-guided Fuzzing*

Verification of Instruction Set Simulators (ISSs) is crucial. Predominantly simulation-based approaches are used. They require a comprehensive testset to ensure a thorough verification.We propose a novel coverage-guided fuzzing (CGF) approach to improve the testcase generation process. In addition to code coverage we integrate functional coverage and a custom mutation procedure tailored for ISS verification. As a case-study we apply our approach on a set of three publicly available RISC-V ISSs. We found several new errors, including one error in the official RISC-V reference simulator Spike.
Effect of Morphology of Hydrophobic Cavitation Kinetics

Cavitation has been suggested to be a possible source of long range interactions between mesoscopic hydrophobic surfaces. While evaporation is predicted by thermodynamics,little is knownabout its kinetics. Glauber dynamicsMonte Carlo simulationsof a latticegas close to liquid-gascoexistence and confined between partially drying surfacesare used to model the effect of water confinement on the dynamics of surface-inducedphase transition. Specifically,we examine how kinetics of induced evaporation change as the texture of hydrophobic surfacesis varied. Evaporationrates are considerably slowed with relatively small amount of hydrophilic coverage. However, the distribution of hydrophilic patches is found to be crucial, with the homogeneous one being much more effectivein slowingthe formation of vapor tubes which triggersthe evaporationprocess. We estimatethe fi-eeenergy barrierof vapor tube formationvia transitionstate theory,usinga constrainedforwardbackward umbrella sampling technique applied to the metastable, confined liquid. Furthermore,to relatesimulationrates to experimentalones, we perform simulationsusing the mass-conservingKawasakialgorithm. We predict evaporation time scales that range horn hundredsof picosecond in the case of mesoscopic surfacesN 104nm2to tens of nanosecondsfor smallersurfaces N 40 nm2, when the two surfacesare w 10 solvent layersapart. The present study demonstrates that cavitation is kineticallyviable in real systems and should be consideredin studiesof processesat confined geometry. o m ==+
Measurement of photobiological indicators of radiation of light sources

The analysis of scientific publications and research on the photobiological safety of artificial light sources is carried out. It is established that optical radiation can affect the general and hormonal state of the body. The main criterion for taking into account the limits of photobiological radiation hazard is the integral energy of brightness on the surface of the human eye or skin, and to determine it, it is necessary to create specific photometric devices. To study the photobiological indicators of radiation from lamps and lamp systems, it is necessary to create specific equipment and develop special measurement techniques. The article discusses the standard and alternative methods for determining the photobiological indicators of optical radiation. These methods make it possible to determine the main factors of the photobiological effect of radiation from light sources, such as the spectral composition of the light, the duration of action and the luminance of the light source in the corresponding spectral range. The necessity of developing a national standard of photobiological hazard of radiation sources and its harmonization with the international standard IEC 62471, which requires a number of studies, has been established.
Di ﬀ erential expression of 17 (cid:1) -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases types 2 and 4 in human endometrial epithelial cell lines

In the endometrium two enzymes are known to convert estradiol to its inactive metabolite estrone: microsomal 17 (cid:1) -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (17 (cid:1) -HSD2) and peroxisomal 17 (cid:1) -HSD4. In order to elucidate the particular function of each of these two di ﬀ erent enzymes, the human endometrial epithelial cell lines HEC-1-A and RL95–2 were examined with respect to the expression of 17 (cid:1) HSD isozymes. They were compared with human endometrium in vivo . Non-radioactive in situ hybridization revealed both enzymes in glandular epithelial cells of human endometrium. The two cell lines were screened for mRNA expression of 17 (cid:1) -HSD 1–4 by RT-PCR and Northern blot. 17 (cid:1) -HSD2 and 4 could be detected by either method, 17 (cid:1) -HSD1 only by RT-PCR, 17 (cid:1) -HSD3 not at all. Both cell lines were proven to have no receptor for progesterone which is known as a physiological inducer of several 17 (cid:1) -HSD isozymes. To study the regulation of 17 (cid:1) -HSD2 and 17 (cid:1) HSD4, the concentration of fetal calf serum in the cell culture media was reduced stepwise to 0·3% by dilution with a deﬁned serum replacement. This treatment led to an inhibition of 17 (cid:1) -HSD2 mRNA expression and an increase in the mRNA expression of 17 (cid:1) -HSD4. Concomitantly, distinct morpho-logical changes were observed, such as a decrease in the number and length of microvilli and a decrease in the formation of domes on top of the monolayers. The endometrial epithelial cell lines HEC-1-A and RL95–2 represent a suitable in vitro model for further studies of the di ﬀ erential expression of the major endometrial HSD isozymes, independent of the e ﬀ ect of progesterone.
SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH IN UTERINE CANCER PATIENTS IN ONTARIO SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH IN UTERINE CANCER PATIENTS IN ONTARIO: ASSOCIATION WITH DISEASE PRESENTATION AND OUTCOME

Objective: Delay in diagnosis and treatment of endometrial cancer may be associated with disease progression and impact management and outcomes. Social and cultural barriers influence recognition of symptoms and self-advocacy in seeking and complying with care. Associations between social determinants of health (SDH) and disease presentation, treatment and outcomes has been shown in some healthcare systems. Our objective was to investigate these in Ontario’s universal access system. Methods: Endometrial cancer patients in Ontario diagnosed 2009-2017 were identified, and clinical, social and demographic information extracted from administrative databases. SDH were quantified using previously validated marginalization quintiles (material deprivation, residential instability and ethnic concentration). Associations between SDH, disease stage, treatment and outcome were explored using chi-square, log-rank and logistic regression. Results: 19530 patients were identified. 73% of cancers were confined to the uterus. Stage distribution differed across marginalization quintiles (p<0.001) with advanced disease found more frequently in highly marginalized patients (highest vs lowest quintile): OR=1.28 (95% CI 1.14-1.45) for deprivation, OR=1.2 (95% CI 1.06-1.35) for residential instability and OR=1.3 (95% CI 1.15-1.46) for ethnic concentration (<0.0001)). Highly marginalized patients also had less timely surgery (p<0.0001). Overall survival was shorter in patients in high deprivation and residential instability quintiles (log rank p-value<0.0001) but not in high ethnic concentration quintiles, with HR=1.4 for deprivation (p<0.0001) and HR=1.53 for instability (p<0.0001) for the highest marginalization quintile. Survival differences persisted in more uniform cohorts of early (stage I) disease and endometrioid tumors and on multivariable analysis. Conclusions: Marginalized populations diagnosed with uterine cancer present at more advanced stages, wait longer for surgery and have shorter overall survival. Associations of SDH with uterine cancer presentation and management in Ontario could shed light on the impact of these factors on disease trajectory, drive policies for patient advocacy and redistribution of resources and promote health equity in this population.
7 Communication and Communication Problems Between Autonomous Vehicles and Human Drivers

Discussions of autonomous land vehicles often invoke the example of air traffic, where the autopilot is responsible for steering except for take-off and landing. The question arises: what can we learn from air traffic? What autonomously flying aircraft and autonomously driving vehicles have in common is that the pilot or driver bears the final responsibility. But, there are a number of differences between road traffic and air traffic (besides their type of locomotion) that make transferring the systems from one to the other impractical. Two key differences that are central to this article are the application of rules and the form of supervision. Encounters between airplanes—primarily while taxiing—are thoroughly governed by strict rules. In addition, there is a supervisory monitoring and guiding authority that gives pilots precise instructions and, in cases that might not be covered by rules, reaches decisions and communicates with pilots. As such, the pilot does not have any room for discretion or independent decision-making. The pilot’s role is purely implementation. Unlike air traffic, road traffic is a self-organizing, chaotic system that, although it is fundamentally governed by rules, includes many situations for which unambiguous rules cannot be determined. In those situations, section 1 of the German Highway Code always applies: “Participating in road traffic requires constant caution and mutual consideration,” and “Those who participate in traffic shall behave such that no one else is harmed, endangered, or even disabled or harassed more than inevitable in the circumstances. ” Thus, even a list of rules for behavior and all conceivable situations as exhaustive as the Highway Code has a large “miscellaneous” category that must be
High-speed optical injection-locked lasers

Injection locking has been actively researched for its possibility to improve laser performance for both digital and analog applications. When a modulated follower laser (also termed "slave" laser) is locked to the master laser, its nonlinear distortion and frequency chirp may be reduced. As well, the resonance frequency can increase to several times higher than its free running case. In this paper, we show that the frequency response (S21) of an injection-locked laser is similar to a parasitic-limited laser with an increased resonance frequency. The S21 was studied experimentally and the condition to achieve a flat, enhanced frequency response was identified. A record resonance frequency of 28 GHz and an intrinsic laser 3 dB bandwidth of 39 GHz is reported for a directly modulated injection-locked 1.55um VCSEL. For analog applications, a record 112 dB-Hz, single-tone third harmonic spur-free dynamic range of a 1.55 μm VCSEL was demonstrated. An improvement was attained for a wide injection parameter space. Furthermore, the RIN of the VCSEL was found to be 10 dB lower at 2 GHz for certain injection condition. As a novel application, an injection-locked uncooled tunable VCSEL was shown to have a reasonable modulation performance in a wide ambient temperature range. The VCSEL was locked to a designated wavelength and the injection compensated the temperatureinduced performance degradation. This concept can be extremely attractive for low-cost DWDM transmitters.
Flexible Instruments for Endovascular Interventions

Improved Magnetic Steering, Actuation, and Image-Guided Surgical Instruments ©ISTOCKPHOTO.COM/SUDOK1 Endovascular surgery has gained broad acceptance in the last few years. The current practice of endovascular procedures is limited by factors including patient-specific operation requirements, high-risk surgery procedures, and time-consuming operations. To address this, magnetically actuated surgical catheters have been introduced to the field of surgical robotics. Recently, advances in steerable catheters and developments in magnetic steering have been studied. However, limited research has been conducted to quantify the effectiveness of magnetic actuation for catheterization procedures. Endovascular interventions employing magnetically actuated catheters deliver the promise of higher accuracy and shorter
P o S ( N I CI X ) 0 9 4 Microdynamical Effects on Momentum Distribution in Stellar Plasmas

We show that, if a random force is present, the microscopic dynamics of ion elastic collisions and quantum effects may sensibly modify the momentum distribution of ions and electrons in stellar plasmas. We also show that a few microscopic interactions among the particles, that are significant in very specific energy intervals, lead to peculiar slight corrections to the usual MaxwellBoltzmann distribution. All these modifications can be easily taken into account by using the nonextensive statistical mechanics. Consequences on the resonant and non-resonant fusion rates are remarkable and may affect strongly some astrophysical processes. A few examples are reported.
WEATHERING EFFECTS ON THE STRUCTURES OF MICA-TYPE CLAY MINERALS

Mica-type clay minerals have been subjected to intensive weathering in the basin of the Willard Reservoir, north of Ogden near the margin of Great Salt Lake. Weathering attacks the interlayer portion of the structure of layer silicates most intensively where the bonds are weakest. A continuous scattering in the lower angle region of the (001) reflection shows a random insertion of difierent groups of atoms between the mica-type layers. The pronounced continuous scattering accompanying the (02, 11) difiraction band on the Guinier photographs and the absence of (ifrl) reflections show that the layer silicates in the Willard clays possess an intensive disorder in their stacking sequence. The values of the b dimensions, high SiOz/AhOg ratios, and appreciable amounts of MgO*FeO*Fe2O3 indicate that the mica-type layers before weathering were similar to tetrasilicic members of dioctahedral micas.
Exploring the Limits in Individual Pitch Control

Individual pitch control (IPC) is an advanced wind turbine control method for fatigue load reduction. The conventional IPC algorithm (cyclic pitch control) aims at achieving 1p blade load reduction by mitigating the static rotor tilt and yaw moments. Besides these existing IPC methods, this paper presents a novel application of IPC: rotor balancing. Imperfections in the blades lead to aerodynamic and/or mass unbalance that result in variations at the rotational frequency 1p in the rotor tilt and yaw moments. The new IPC algorithm compensates for such rotor unbalance by adding quasi-steady offsets to the blade pitch angles. As a second contribution, an “anti-windup” IPC implementation is proposed for dealing with blade actuator limitations. Detailed nonlinear simulations are used to validate the proposed IPC algorithms.
Analysis of Sustainable Transport for Smart Cities

For decades, transportation has been considered as a link to all aspects of life worldwide. In this case, the world’s natural environment, social well-being and economic development all usually depend on transportation systems. In most cases, safe, clean, sustainable and equitable transport systems help countries, especially in cities and urban centers, to thrive. However, a wide range of research shows that transportation systems in most of the cities and urban areas are unsustainable. In fact, some of these transportation systems are considered to be a threat to the environmental, social and economical aspects of future generations. In this perspective, therefore, changing such trends in transportation requires the collaboration of various stakeholders at regional, national and international levels. In this paper, therefore, a wide range of definitions of sustainable transport are discussed. More so, some of the aspects of smart transport for modern cities such as cycling and the role of women in sustainable transport were explored. With the aim of getting to the core of the subject, cases of women in bicycle transport, especially in the Netherlands and Germany compared to Kenya and Uganda are equally elucidated. Although not fully outlined, the idea of smart cities and sustainable transport have heterogeneous characteristics globally as discussed herein.
Photo-ionization models with Wolf-Rayet central stars

We summarize the goals of photo-ionization modelling of nebulae ionized by Wolf-Rayet stars and discuss the methodology. We present some examples in different astrophysical contexts: ring nebulae around massive WR stars, planetary nebulae with [WR]-type central stars, and giant H II regions with WR stars. We discuss in more detail a work in progress (Stasiriska & Schaerer 1999) on the galaxy I Zw 18.
The Value Relevance of Financial and Non-Financial Information: Evidence from Recent Academic Literature

Value-relevance research is an important domain of modern capital market research. Accounting researchers have used the value-relevance research framework in many ways with the aim of measuring whether accounting information has a predicted association with equity market values. One of the most widely used models in value-relevance research is a modification of the Ohlson (1995) market valuation model in which the market value of a firm’s equity is presumed to be a function of its book value of equity and abnormal earnings. Furthermore, using the Ohlson (1995) model, accounting researchers have documented the value relevance of different types of financial and non-financial information. Drawing on a selected number of recently published studies that have documented the value relevance of different types of financial and non-financial information, this chapter reviews and integrates recent findings, highlighting challenges and providing future directions for further research in this area.
Tourism 2021 03EN 325-464.indd

Abstract Th is paper focuses on the impact of hosting of IIHF World Championship on the local hotel market using the case of Prague (IIHF World Championship 2015) and Bratislava (IIHF World Championship 2011). Many previous studies were focused on the impact of hosting mega sports and cultural events on destination perception and visit rate during and after the event, perception of hosting these events by residents or the eff ect on the local economy. Using unique daily empirical data collected from 95 Prague hotels and 25 Bratislava hotels, key fi ndings of this study show lack of long-run positive impact but a high short-run (immediate) eff ect. In the case of Prague, the main increase of market performance can be identifi ed during the fi nal stage of the tournament, mainly in selling room rates; for Bratislava, the signifi cant eff ect was determined during the whole tournament, and the entire market never reached the same level of performance. Th e study shows the need to examine these eff ects further, emphasizing more variables like seasonality and market segmentation, revenue management, and destination management.
Political Instability and Seigniorage: An Inseparable Couple — or a Threesome with Debt?

In the literature, political instability is shown to raise seigniorage and/or debt, but there is no debt‐seigniorage trade‐off. However, what happens when the IMF gets involved? Based on a political economy model of intertemporal public finance this paper presents qualitatively new and robust results. First, political instability causes myopic government behaviour and produces more debt, not more seigniorage. Second, IMF policies requiring debtor countries to achieve both monetary and fiscal stability at the same time are ineffective. Third and surprisingly at first sight, debt conditionality aiming at monetary stability is particularly effective in heterogeneous societies with unstable governments.
Tilburg University Existence of Optimal Auctions in General Environments

We provide a unified approach to the problem of existence of optimal auctions for a wide variety of auction environments. We accomplish this by first establishing a general existence result for a particular Stackelberg revelation game. By systematically specializing our revelation game to cover various types ofauctions, we are able to deduce the existence of optimal Bayesian auction mechanisms for single and multiple unit auctions, as well as for contract auctions with moral hazard and adverse selection. In all cases, we aHow for externalities, risk aversion, and multidimensional, stochastically dependent types. Current Version, February, 1997 Forthcoming in Journal of Mathematical Economics
Jadeitites and associated metasomatic rocks from serpentinite mélanges in the Nishisonogi unit, Nagasaki Metamorphic Complex, western Kyushu, Japan: a review

The Nishisonogi jadeitite is a peculiar example among Japanese jadeitites in terms of the age of formation and its genesis as metasomatic replacement (R–type). The Nishisonogi jadeitite is characterized by jadeite with a quartz– inclusion–rich core and quartz–free rim. The pressure–temperature (P–T ) conditions of the Nishisonogi jadeitite is constrained by the assemblage of jadeite + quartz and of clinozoisite + paragonite + quartz. The jadeitite occurs as tectonic blocks in a sepentinite mélange together with metasomatic rocks such as omphacitite, albitite and zoisite rock. The protolith of the jadeitite is likely plagiogranite or adakitic granite as suggested by the rare earth element (REE) pattern of zircon. The zircon has a euhedral core with a U–Pb age of 126 ± 6 Ma with exhibiting sharp and flat boundary with metamorphic rim, which has a U–Pb age of 84 ± 6 Ma. The rim age is almost consistent with the 95–90 Ma age of the peak metamorphism of the coherent schists, as a host of the serpentinite mélange, as determined by 40Ar/39Ar method applied to glaucophane and phengite. Some jadeitite blocks show lithological zonations with albitite and other rocks in scale of several tens of centimeters. These zonations likely formed in the stability field of albite during exhumation of the serpentinite mélange. The isocon analysis of whole rock compositions and the singular value decomposition analysis of mineral reactions show that SiO2, Na2O, and Fe2O3 evolved from the jadeitite towards serpentinite according to the retrograde reactions.