Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of typical artificial reefs on hydrodynamic characteristics and carbon sequestration potential in the offshore of Juehua Island, Bohai Sea

The ocean system provides abundant food resources and suitable habitats for numerous animal and plant species. However, the ecological health of the ocean system has deteriorated due to intensified human activities over the past decades. To mitigate negative effects, more research efforts are being directed toward marine ecological restoration programs at national and regional scales. As an effective method, artificial reefs are found to have an important role in restoring the ecological system by producing complex flow patterns and attracting more species to settle down. This study aims to select the offshore ground of Juehua Island in the Bohai Sea as an artificial reef–driven ecological restoration site, to tentatively estimate effects of square and M-shaped artificial reefs on localized flow fields, biomass production, and offshore carbon sink capacity. Meanwhile, a relatively complete carbon sink measurement system is accordingly proposed. Our results indicate that both temporal and spatial distribution of nutrients and habitat environments are dependent on flow characteristics modified by artificial reefs of different sizes, shapes, and configurations. Future ecological restoration measures in offshore waters should take carbon sink and relevant influencing factors into consideration.
Tibetan medicine salidroside improves host anti-mycobacterial response by boosting inflammatory cytokine production in zebrafish

The treatment for tuberculosis (TB), especially multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), has a prolonged cycle which can last up to a year. This is partially due to the lack of effective therapies. The development of novel anti-TB drugs from the perspective of host immune regulation can provide an important supplement for conventional treatment strategies. Salidroside (SAL), a bioactive component from the Tibetan medicine Rhodiola rosea, has been used in the treatment of TB, although its mechanism remains unclear. Here, the bacteriostatic effect of SAL in vivo was first demonstrated using a zebrafish–M. marinum infection model. To further investigate the underlying mechanism, we then examined the impact of SAL on immune cell recruitment during wound and infection. Increased macrophage and neutrophil infiltrations were found both in the vicinity of the wound and infection sites after SAL treatment compared with control, which might be due to the elevated chemokine expression levels after SAL treatment. SAL treatment alone was also demonstrated to improve the survival of infected zebrafish larvae, an effect that was amplified when combining SAL treatment with isoniazid or rifampicin. Interestingly, the reduced bacterial burden and improved survival rate under SAL treatment were compromised in tnfα-deficient embryos which suggests a requirement of Tnfα signaling on the anti-mycobacterial effects of SAL. In summary, this study provides not only the cellular and molecular mechanisms for the host anti-mycobacterial effects of the Tibetan medicine SAL but also proof of concept that combined application of SAL with traditional first-line anti-TB drugs could be a novel strategy to improve treatment efficacy.
Configuration-dispatch dual-layer optimization of multi-microgrid–integrated energy systems considering energy storage and demand response

With the urgent demand for energy revolution and consumption under China’s “30–60” dual carbon target, a configuration-scheduling dual-layer optimization model considering energy storage and demand response for the multi-microgrid–integrated energy system is proposed to improve new energy consumption and reduce carbon emissions. First, a demand response model of different users and loads in the integrated energy system is established. Second, the upper energy storage configuration model is constructed by introducing shared energy storage in the multi-microgrid–integrated energy system to improve the system’s flexibility, with the optimization goal of the maximum annual profitability of shared energy storage. A carbon trading mechanism considering the dynamic reward coefficient is designed. A low-carbon economic dispatch model of a multi-microgrid–integrated energy system is constructed based on the upper energy storage capacity, charge and discharge power, and user-side demand response with the lowest annual operating cost as the optimization goal. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model is verified by case studies in various scenarios. The results illustrate that the proposed model can fully use demand-side controllable resources to improve system energy utilization, effectively reduce carbon emissions, and further improve the operation economy of the multi-microgrid–integrated energy system.
Machine Learning and Deep Learning CT-Based Models for Predicting the Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma and Glioma Types: A Multicenter Retrospective Study

Purpose and Background Distinguishing primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) and glioma on computed tomography (CT) is an important task since treatment options differ vastly from the two diseases. This study aims to explore various machine learning and deep learning methods based on radiomic features extracted from CT scans and end-to-end convolutional neural network (CNN) model to predict PCNSL and glioma types and compare the performance of different models. Methods A total of 101 patients from five Chinese medical centers with pathologically confirmed PCNSL and glioma were analyzed retrospectively, including 50 PCNSL and 51 glioma. After manual segmentation of the region of interest (ROI) on CT scans, 293 radiomic features of each patient were extracted. The radiomic features were used as input, and then, we established six machine learning models and one deep learning model and three readers to identify the two types of tumors. We also established a 2D CNN model using raw CT scans as input. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and accuracy (ACC) were used to evaluate different models. Results The cohort was split into a training (70, 70% patients) and validation cohort (31,30% patients) according to the stratified sampling strategy. Among all models, the MLP performed best, with an accuracy of 0.886 and 0.903, sensitivity of 0.914 and 0.867, specificity of 0.857 and 0.937, and AUC of 0.957 and 0.908 in the training and validation cohorts, respectively, which was significantly higher than the three primary physician's diagnoses (ACCs ranged from 0.710 to 0.742, p < 0.001 for all) and comparable with the senior radiologist (ACC 0.839, p = 0.988). Among all the machine learning models, the AUC ranged from 0.605 to 0.821 in the validation cohort. The end-to-end CNN model achieved an AUC of 0.839 and an ACC of 0.840 in the validation cohort, which had no significant difference in accuracy compared to the MLP model (p = 0.472) and the senior radiologist (p = 0.470). Conclusion The established PCNSL and glioma prediction model based on deep neural network methods from CT scans or radiomic features are feasible and provided high performance, which shows the potential to assist clinical decision-making.
RX J0123.4-7321, a Be/X-ray binary in the wing of the Small Magellanic Cloud

Aims. To confirm faint Be/X-ray binary candidates from the XMM-Newton survey of the Small Magellanic Cloud, we searched for X-ray outbursts in archival ROSAT observations. We found that RX J0123.4-7321 was much brighter when detected with ROSAT than seen 16 years later by XMM-Newton. Methods. We analysed the ROSAT observations and the OGLE I-band light curve of the optical counterpart to investigate the nature of the system. Results. High long-term variability in the X-ray flux of a factor of ∼150 was found between the ROSAT and XMM-Newton detections, indicating strong outburst activity during the ROSAT observations. The I-band light curve reveals long-term variability and regular outbursts with a period of (119.9 ± 2.5) days, indicating the orbital period of the binary system. Conclusions. The large X-ray flux variations and the properties of the optical counterpart confirm RX J0123.4-7321 as a new Be/X-ray binary in the wing of the Small Magellanic Cloud.
Insufficiency in functional genomics studies, data, and applications: A case study of bio-prospecting research in ruminant microbiome

Over the last two decades, biotechnology has advanced at a rapid pace, propelled by the incorporation of bio-products into various aspects of pharmaceuticals, industry, and the environment. These developments have sparked interest in the bioprospecting of microorganisms and their products in a variety of niche environments. Furthermore, the use of omics technologies has greatly aided our analyses of environmental samples by elucidating the microbial ecological framework, biochemical pathways, and bio-products. However, the more often overemphasis on taxonomic identification in most research publications, as well as the data associated with such studies, is detrimental to immediate industrial and commercial applications. This review identifies several factors that contribute to the complexity of sequence data analysis as potential barriers to the pragmatic application of functional genomics, utilizing recent research on ruminants to demonstrate these limitations in the hopes of broadening our horizons and drawing attention to this gap in bioprospecting studies for other niche environments as well. The review also aims to emphasize the importance of routinely incorporating functional genomics into environmental metagenomics analyses in order to improve solutions that drive rapid industrial biocatalysis developments from derived outputs with the aim of achieving potential benefits in energy-use reduction and environmental considerations for current and future applications.
The regulatory function of Blastocystis spp. on the immune inflammatory response in the gut microbiome

Blastocystis spp. is a unicellular organism that resides in digestive tract of various vertebrates, with a worldwide distribution and a variable prevalence. For many years, Blastocystis spp. was considered a cyst of a flagellate, a fungus, or a saprophyte yeast of the digestive tract; in 1996, it is placed in the group of stramenopiles (heterokonts). Since its new classification, many questions have arisen around this protist about its role as a pathogen or non-pathogen organism. Recent evidence indicates that Blastocystis spp. participates in the immune inflammatory response in the intestinal microbiome generating an anti-inflammatory response, showing a lower concentration of fecal inflammatory markers in infected human hosts. Here, we review recent findings on the regulatory function of Blastocystis spp. in the immune inflammatory response to comprehend the purpose of Blastocystis spp. in health and disease, defining if Blastocystis spp. is really a pathogen, a commensal or even a mutualist in the human gut microbiome.
Carbonaceous aerosol variability and SOA formation during foggy days in Delhi, India

The variability of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and their relationship with meteorological parameters have been studied during foggy and non-foggy days in the peak winter months (December–January) from 2015 to 2016 in Delhi, India. Different sectoral locations were chosen based on predominant industrial, traffic, and residential activities with a background location. The average level of OC, EC, and SOA was found to be 7.47 ± 7.74, 0.69 ± 0.7, and 10.46 ± 10.76 μg/m3, respectively, during the foggy period and 6.1 ± 6.8, 0.9 ± 1.1, and 9.1 ± 10.6 μg/m3, respectively, during the non-foggy period in Delhi. A relatively higher SOA level was observed at industrial and traffic intersection sites, which indicates the proximity of the dominant source of OC that play a significant role in SOA formation. It was also found that SOA production is associated with the OC/EC ratio and may vary from site to site. Correlation analysis has confirmed that OC is having a significant strong positive correlation with EC and SOA, while EC is showing a significant moderate positive correlation with SOA. Ambient temperature (AT) shows a significant negative moderate correlation with OC levels and SOA and formation. Due to hydrophilicity (hydrophobicity) of OC (EC), its average concentration was found high (less) due to its high (less) scavenging during foggy days in comparison to non-foggy days. The study further suggests the significant impact of source variability on SOA formation due to the different nature of sector-wise sites during foggy days in Delhi.
Physical activity across days of week, video games, and laptop use are more likely to influence weight gain among Saudi Youth

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the extent and prevalence of daily PA and the sedentary behavior during inactive spare-time among young Saudis and their effect on overweight and obesity. Methods A total of 357 students completed all stages of this study. They included 282 boys aged 11.95 ± 0.73 years (213 children aged 11.62 ± 0.506 years and 69 adolescents aged 13.16 ± 0.373 years) and 75 girls (16 children aged 11.94 ± 0.236 years and 59 adolescents aged 13.47 ± 0.626 years). For each participant, height and weight were measured, and BMI was calculated. A questionnaire asking about daily PA and sedentary habits during the previous 7 days was also used. Multiple comparisons were performed to test for differences between groups by sex and age category, and stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to determine which variables significantly affected BMI. Results The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity was 17.02 and 28.37% in boys and 9.33 and 0% in girls, respectively. The patterns of PA were changing within elements and between sexes. Both groups of boys were more active than girls during breakfast and lunch periods (p < 0.001 for all). A significant difference in favor of boys was also observed between the two groups of boys and the group of adolescent girls regarding after-school physical activity (p < 0.05 for all). Prepubescent boys reported being generally less active during the previous 7 days than their female counterparts and adolescent peers. Sedentary behaviors did not differ between all groups. Playing video games and using laptops were the parameters significantly associated with BMI. Conclusions This study noted that the prevalence of overweight and obesity was more pronounced in boys than in girls. However, boys were more active but had the same degree of sedentary behavior as girls. Physical activity across the days of weekly, video games, and laptop use were the parameters that most affected BMI.
An Adversarial Dynamic Game to Controlling Information Diffusion under Typical Strategies on Online Social Networks

The diffusion of negative information, such as rumours, misinformation and computer viruses on Online Social Networks (OSNs), may lead to serious losses and consequences. And there are always some rational malicious spreaders, who strategically spread negative information. Therefore, how to control the information diffusion of the malicious spreader is a great challenge. In recent years, some studies have analyzed the controlling problem which belongs to the issue of influence blocking maximization (IBM) from the perspective of the large-scale strategy set on the game theory. However, the aforementioned methods cannot timely solve the controlling diffusion problem on high-speed OSNs. In this study, we achieve the purpose of effectively controlling diffusion on OSNs by blocking information under typical strategies. Based on the existing two-player Stackelberg zero-sum game model and evaluation methods of node’s importance on the network, we analyze the typical strategic dynamic game in which the blocker moves first and the spreader moves later on scale-free networks with different power exponent. Experimental results show that the absolute dominance strategy of the blocker is Leader Rank with 90.16% probability. And using Leader Rank can be relatively effective against malicious spreaders with 98.33% probability. When the power exponent of the network is smaller, it is more conducive to blocking information dissemination with fewer seed nodes.
Monitoring cetacean occurrence and variability in ambient sound in Scottish offshore waters

The characterisation of marine soundscapes allows observation of spatiotemporal distribution of vocalising species and human activities, which can inform an assessment of their interactions. Such data are important for monitoring the ecological status of marine habitats. The Scottish Atlantic Frontier is an important habitat for a variety of cetacean species. Historic whaling has heavily impacted several species inhabiting these waters and current comprehensive information about seasonal occurrence and distribution is lacking for all species. This study presents year-round passive acoustic monitoring data from ten sites in this understudied region. The three most offshore sites were examined for baleen whale vocalisations, and four species were regularly detected. Fin whale detections peaked from October to January and were at their lowest during May and June. Humpback whale song was detected as early as January but showed a strong seasonal peak in March and April. In contrast, minke whales were detected regularly throughout the year but with a peak in detections from October to November, when sei whales were also detected. All monitoring sites showed frequent occurrence of odontocete echolocation clicks and whistles. Comprised mainly of delphinid vocalisations, whistles and clicks were detected on an almost-daily basis among the offshore sites, with a slight reduction in detections from May to July particularly among the more inshore sites. Ambient sound levels (root-mean-square sounds pressure level; SPL) varied by site and season in relation to species presence, anthropogenic contributions, and environmental conditions. Monthly median SPL across the array varied up to 18 dB within 1/3-octave bands. Throughout the year, variability in median SPL was lowest in the higher frequency bands (>10 kHz), while highest variability was found between January to July in specific lower frequency bands (<1 kHz). Results from this study demonstrate the value of passive acoustic data in providing novel baseline information about cetacean occurrence and distribution in Scottish offshore habitats where data are limited and outdated. The results will feed into statutory reporting on underwater noise, support the identification and designation of future marine protected areas for cetaceans, and help guide management of future human-marine mammal interactions in Scottish offshore waters.
Effects of rearing systems on the eggshell quality, bone parameters and expression of genes related to bone remodeling in aged laying hens

Public concerns regarding animal welfare are changing the selection of rearing systems in laying hens. This study investigated the effects of rearing systems on eggshell quality, bone parameters and relative expression levels of genes related to bone remodeling in aged laying hens. A total of 2,952 55-day-old Jing Tint Six pullets were randomly assigned to place in the conventional caging system (CCS) or aviary system (AVS) and kept until 95 weeks of age. The AVS group delayed the decrease of eggshell quality and alleviated the symptoms of osteoporosis in the humerus rather than in the femur. Eggshell breaking strength, thickness, weight, weight ratio, stiffness and fracture toughness were decreased linearly with age (from 55 to 95 weeks of age, p < 0.05). The AVS group had higher eggshell breaking strength, stiffness and fracture toughness than the CCS group (p < 0.05). Higher total calcium and phosphorus per egg were presented in the AVS group at 95 weeks of age (p < 0.05). At 95 weeks of age, the AVS group had a humerus with higher weight, volume, length, midpoint perimeter, cortical index, fat-free dry weight, ash content, total calcium per bone, total phosphorus per bone, average bone mineral density, strength, stiffness and work to fracture compared to the CCS group (p < 0.05). Such differences did not appear in the femur. The relative expression levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OCN) genes in the femur and hormone receptors (vitamin D receptor (VDR), estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23)) genes in the humerus were significantly upregulated (p < 0.05) in the AVS group. The level of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) transcripts was also increased (p < 0.05) in the femur of the AVS group. Overall, compared with the CCS, the AVS alleviated the deterioration of eggshell and bone qualities of aged laying hens, which may be related to the changes in the expression of genes associated with bone remodeling.
Bibliometric analysis of research themes and trends in childhood autism spectrum disorders from 2012 to 2021

Background Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are heterogeneous neurodevelopmental conditions that affect people worldwide. Early diagnosis and clinical support help achieve good outcomes. However, medical system structure and restricted resource availability create challenges that increase the risk of poor outcomes. Understanding the research progress of childhood ASD in recent years, based on clinical literature reports, can give relevant researchers and rehabilitation therapists more resonable research guides. Objective This bibliometric study aimed to summarize themes and trends in research on childhood ASD and to suggest directions for future enquiry. Methods Citations were downloaded from the Web of Science Core Collection database on childhood ASD published from 1 January 2012, to 31 December 2021. The retrieved information was analyzed using CiteSpace.5. 8. R3, and VOS viewer. Results A total of 7,611 papers were published across 103 areas. The United States was the leading source of publications. The clusters that have continued into 2020 include coronavirus disease 2019, gut microbiota, and physical activity, which represent key research topics. Keywords with frequency spikes during 2018–2021 were “disabilities monitoring network,” “United States,” and “caregiver. ” Conclusions The Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network in the United States can be used as a reference for relevant workers worldwide. An intelligent medical assistant system is being developed. Further studies are required to elucidate challenges associated with caring for a child with ASD.
The Impact of Listening to, Reciting, or Memorizing the Quran on Physical and Mental Health of Muslims: Evidence From Systematic Review

Objectives: Listening to or memorizing the Quran has been suggested to affect the psychosocial health and well-being of Muslims. Muslims who memorized Quran have a higher quality of life (QoL) and lower anxiety and stress. Hence, this systematic review was conducted to evaluate the studies that assessed the effect of listening to, reciting, or memorizing the Quran on physical and mental health. Methods: This review was performed on articles published from the inception and April 2021. Databases including ProQuest, PubMed and Web of Science were searched on 19 April 2021. Keywords such as “Quran”, “al- Quran,” “al- Kareem,” “Holy Quran,” “memori,” “Tahfiz,” “Huffaz,” “listening” and “reciting” were used for databases searching. The risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane risk of bias tool and Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Only 20 articles were included in data synthesis out of a total of 230. Results: The findings revealed that listening to, reciting or memorizing the Quran had a favorable effect on depression, anxiety, physiologic parameters, quality of life, quality of sleep and intelligence quotient. Conclusion: The current evidence suggests that, listening to, reciting or memorizing the Quran may be useful as an intervention to improve physical and mental health.