Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tipificación de especímenes colombianos de Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) mediante “Código de Barras”

Lutzomyia longipalpis, es el principal vector de leishmaniasis visceral en el Neotropico y su identificación taxonómica es relevante en el contexto de la epidemiología y control de la enfermedad. La evidencia de un complejo de especies morfológicamente indistinguibles y la similitud morfológica de las hembras con otras especies del subgénero Lutzomyia y con la serie longipalpis, dificultan la identificación taxonómica cuando no se dispone de machos. En el presente estudio usamos la secuencia propuesta a nivel mundial como código de barras genético para diferenciar especies animales, para caracterizar especímenes pertenecientes a L. longipalpis de tres localidades de Colombia y evaluar su utilidad para separarlos de especies cercanas como L. gomezi, L. cruciata y L. bifoliata. El fragmento amplificado y secuenciado exhibió una longitud de 548 pb encontrándose 26 haplotipos para 33 individuos de L. longipalpis, un haplotipo para L. gomezi, un haplotipo para L. cruciata y dos haplotipos para L. bifoliata. Las distancias genéticas (K2P) entre haplotipos de L. longipalpis (0,05-0,07) y las agrupaciones en un dendrograma de NJ, separaron adecuadamente los individuos de L. longipalpis de los individuos de especies cercanas. Los individuos de L. longipalpis se separaron en dos grupos, uno que relaciona los haplotipos de Neiva y El Callejón, y otro para Girón. Las distancias genéticas entre los dos grupos de L. longipalpis fueron superiores a las registradas a nivel intraespecífico para especies previamente estudiadas con base en la secuencia código de barras como L. trinidadensis (0,042) y L. panamensis (0,02).
Cyber Security Concerns Regarding Federated, Partly IMA and Full IMA Implementations

Integrated Modular Avionics implementations are increasing in modern aircraft systems against the usage of federated architecture. The reduction of amount of LRU's (Line Replace Units) in the aircraft platform system gives the advantage of reduced recurring costs, reduced logistic and maintenance cost. Reduced number of equipment has also weight and size saving which is very important for avionic developments. On the other hand the IMA implementation cause to an increased complexity with higher level of integration and more abstraction of the functions. In federated architecture implementation each function is deployed on its own computer. The integration of functions on dedicated boards within one equipment, called here as partly IMA implementation, has the advantage of a very good functional segregation, but some overall concepts needs to be clarified such as equipment power reset which will be more complex than the federated architecture. It has also the advantage that on each board the RTOS can be selected indepently. On the standard IMA execution, called here as full IMA implementation each function is deployed on its own partition, but the usage of share resources have to be clarified. Due to the IMA standard time and space segregation is guaranteed from other functions of the core. Cyber attacks can target any subsystem in the aircraft which includes software and could lead to catastrophic failures. Examples of functions enabled by software include powering a system on and off, maintaining cabin pressure level, or controlling attitude. An attacker could potentially manipulate data in these systems. The cyber-attack potentials for different architectures as federated, partly and full IMA systems differs as well as the countermeasure mechanism. For federated architecture systems the manipulation of transmitted data over the data busses could lead to a malfunction in the system. To prevent such manipulation different sensor information from different sources and data busses could be used, but this will increase LRU amount and cabling weight. A denial of service attack could prevent use of information of the network data. The partly IMA concept is more robust regarding the manipulation of transmitted data. Due to the availability of selection of RTOS possible a higher number of different OS could be used, which increase the number of exploits and possible attacks. Within the full IMA concept, where third party applications are used, the injection of malware which leads to manipulation of the scheduling mechanism could effect the whole system operation. A common way to detect such an attack is to review logs of system activity looking for unusual occurrences.
Using Readability to Explore Data Privacy Statements Within Mobile Health Applications

KEY POINTS Mobile health application data may be shared without the full knowledge of or realization by the consumer, even with privacy statements available and agreed to at the time of download. Mobile health application developers lack consistency in informing consumers of their privacy policies and data sharing intent. Therefore, more guidance and oversight in developing mobile health application privacy policies are needed. Health literacy guidelines recommend a thirdto seventhgrade reading level; the average grade level of the privacy policy statements reviewed in this study was grade 12. Increased use ofmobile health applications by consumers presents new, unique implications for nursing practice. C onfidentiality, privacy, and protection of personal health information (PHI) was a staple of nursing ethics long before the advent of electronic health records (EHRs), even though individuals rarely viewed or even had access to medical records when documented on paper. With the ubiquitous EHR, the door locks, ID cards, and laborious sign-out processes for authorized users of PHI are gone, having been replaced by triggered alerts and breaking the glass procedures. The EHR has also made the consumer more aware and wary of what happens to PHI. Now, the ever-increasing use of mobile health (mHealth) applications (apps) has recently made consumers more thoughtful of the potential risks electronic sources may have as a gateway for hackers to impermissibly obtain their PHI. However, do consumers understand how their health information is collected and shared, and sometimes sold, all made permissible through the privacy statements consumers agreed to when downloading the mobile app? Mobile health apps have emerged as a useful tool for locating health-related information, accessing PHI, and sharing personal health data. Therefore, in recent years, more research has emerged regarding privacy risks and security features of mHealth apps. Much of the research uses the privacy policy and permissions to identify how health-related data are collected, stored, and transmitted by the mHealth app, yet none consider the readability of the privacy policy in their investigations. The study of Brandtzaeg et al is useful to remind nurses that little is known about consumers' “perceptions of their privacy risk, interaction of apps with third-party domains, and the extent to which the dataflow of apps converges with privacy policies. ” The convenience of mHealth technology should not outweigh the potential risk to and security of personal health data savedwithinmHealth
Effects of salinity, high irradiance, ozone, and ethylene on mode of photosynthesis, oxidative stress and oxidative damage in the C3/CAM intermediate plant Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.

The occurrence of oxidative stress and oxidative damage in the halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum during C 3 /crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) transition evoked by salinity and high irradiance was investigated. The hypothesis tested was that CAM induction will effectively protect M. crystallinum against oxidative damage even under additionally applied oxidative stress via ozone (150 p.p.b.) exposure. Salinity (0.4 M NaCl), high irradiance and ozone induced the cytosolic CuZn-superoxide dismu- tase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1) transcript abundance and activity indicating oxidative stress. However, ozone did not induce CAM. Contrary to the hypothesis, that ethylene may be involved in CAM induction, gassing with ethylene (200 p.p.b.) did not lead to CAM, but revealed that in M. crystallinum ethylene biosynthesis is induced by autostim- ulation. A putative fragment of the hitherto unknown nu- cleotide sequence of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (ACC; EC 4.4.1.14) was isolated and used as a specific probe against the ACC oxidase transcript to moni- tor oxidative damage. Ozone exposure increased the ACC oxidase expression only in plants with C 3 -photosynthesis which also showed severe necrosis and reduced photosyn- thetic activity, whereas plants in CAM mode (salt induced) remained unaffected. Natural stressors such as salinity and high irradiance induce CAM and up-regulate the ARS component CuZn-SOD very effectively to protect M. crys- tallinum from oxidative damage even when additional oxi- dative stress such as ozone is present.
Analysis of photoacoustic signals of hyperosteogeny and osteoporosis

Hyperosteogeny and Osteoporosis are two common bone diseases that have a high incidence in the middle-aged and elderly groups. Mild symptoms may only affect the daily life of patients, while severe ones are life-threatening. At present, detection methods based on X-ray film and ultrasound are generally applied. However, the former exist errors introduced by manual reading and a certain radiation hazard, the diagnostic results of the latter are not that satisfying as well. Photoacoustic effect combines the advantages of optics for sensitive light absorption contrast and acoustics for lower acoustic scattering in soft tissue. As a non-ionizing and non-invasive technique, its application in biomedicine is also emerging. In this paper, a classification model built on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) was proposed to achieve automated diagnosis of hyperosteogeny, osteoporosis and normal bone. Time-domain photoacoustic signals generated by different bone types are set as the inputs of the CNN while the output results indicate the corresponding categories of the samples. The analysis results of ex vivo data demonstrated that the established model could accurately accomplish the research of classification. Thus, the proposed method has certain auxiliary value for improving the efficiency, accuracy and objectivity of clinical diagnosis of the three bone types.
An Approach to Improving the Effectiveness of Data Augmentation for Deep Neural Networks

Nowadays, deep neural networks (DNNs) have many achievements in various fields like classification, clustering and regression. However, there is a major drawback: they are always affected by the dataset. Since the good quality and quantity of datasets were accompanied, DNNs were able to have much better performance. The evidence indicates that a good model should be supported by a well-organized dataset. In this respect, DNNs are also heavily influenced by the quality and quantity of the dataset used to train the model. Generally, many DNNs models achieve a great performance based on the assumption that the dataset represents all aspects of the problem well. However, in order to be applied in a real situation, the dataset may need to be modified or added for each specific application. Especially, it is difficult to add new classes into an already well-organized dataset. Adding data of completely new classes into the existing dataset is still a difficult challenge. In this paper we present a simple yet effective way to add data of new classes into the dataset especially when its amount is very small compared to the existing dataset. First, we have experimented on how performance is affected if a small amount of data of new classes comes into the dataset as it is. Then, in order to improve the performance of the model on that small amount of new data, we used an upsampling method to balance the newly added data and the original data. The upsampling method is one of the inflation methods used to balance data. The upsampling method maintains a balance of data with different amounts of objects so that less information is not forgotten. We describe and analyze our experiments on the MNIST (handwritten dataset) and MSCOCO (image captioning dataset) and explain how our upsampling approach can improve the performance of the models
Manipulating Black-Box Networks for Centrality Promotion

Centrality measures are widely used to map each node to its importance in a network. For many practical applications, vital nodes bearing high centrality scores have superior positions over other nodes. To benefit from the positive impact of becoming a vital node, the problem of improving the centrality of the target node has attracted increasing attention. Many existing studies attack this problem by directly increasing the centrality score of the target node on the premise of knowing the network structure. However, these methods suffer from privacy issues due to their dependence on the network structure and may lose their effectiveness because other nodes can simultaneously increase the scores. Therefore, in this paper, we explore the following question: given a black-box network whose structure is unknown, is it possible to improve the centrality ranking (rather than the score) of a target node by implementing certain strategies? We provide an affirmative answer to this question. First, to avoid relying on the network structure for promotion, we propose strategies that freeze the original graph while appending nodes and edges just around the target node. Second, to guide strategies for effectively boosting centrality, we devise two principles that provide the target node with either the maximum gain or the minimum loss of centrality scores over other nodes. We prove that a strategy meeting the proposed principles is guaranteed to upgrade the target node’s ranking. Extensive experiments were conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategies on black-box networks.
One p-Factor for All? Exploring the Applicability of Structural Models of Psychopathology within Subgroups of a Population

Structural models of psychopathology have emerged as an alternative to traditional categorical approaches. The bifactor model, which incorporates a general p-factor, has become the preferred structure. The p-factor is claimed to represent a substantive construct or property of the system; however, recent evidence suggests that it may be without substantive meaning. If a universal substantive p, and associated specific factors, is to be developed they not only must be applicable and consistent between populations but also must be applicable and consistent within subgroups of a population. This consistency needs to include not only factor loadings but also factor correlates. We used a simulated data approach to explore the applicability and consistency of four popular models of psychopathology to a range of heterogeneous subgroups and examined the consistency of their neurocognitive correlates. We found that only eight out of sixty-three subgroups fitted any of the models with all significant loadings, no negative loadings, no non-positive-definite identification issues, and no negative variance. All eight of these subgroups fit the correlated factors model, none fit the original bifactor model, four subgroups fit the revised bifactor model, and one subgroup fit the single-factor model. Correlates of the factors also varied substantially between the subgroups fitted to the same model. We discuss the implications of the findings, including the implications for the development of universal substantive factors of psychopathology.
Characteristics of Quinolone Resistance in Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Strains Isolated from General Hospitals

Background: Acinetobacter baumannii is the causative agent in various types of hospital-acquired infections, including respiratory, urinary tract, and wound infections. Objectives: This study investigated the primary mechanisms underlying quinolone resistance in A. baumannii strains, isolated from samples collected from general hospitals. Methods: Ninety-eight strains of A. baumannii were isolated from clinical specimens from general hospitals from 2017 – 2019. Antimicrobial susceptibility, efflux pump inhibition tests, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analyses were conducted on 64 strains, and the blaoxa-51-like gene sequence was detected. Results: In the antimicrobial susceptibility test, 78.1% (n = 50) of the strains exhibited resistance to ciprofloxacin, a quinolone antibiotic, and 57.8% (n = 37) strains were multidrug resistant (MDR). For 18 strains, the minimum inhibitory concentration of ciprofloxacin reduced in presence of an efflux pump inhibitor. Sequence analysis revealed that in 50 strains of A. baumannii, the codon for serine (TCA) in gyrA was replaced by that for leucine (TTA), whereas in 43 strains, the codon for serine (TCG) in parC was replaced by that for leucine (TTG). Multilocus sequence typing analysis confirmed 18 sequence types, and allelic number analysis showed the presence of nine gyrB alleles, with gyrB3 showing the highest frequency (62.5%). Conclusions: The findings of this study will be useful in improving treatment efficiency and preventing the spread of A. baumannii (both MDR and non-MDR strains).
Neoadjuvant Treatment Strategies in Resectable Pancreatic Cancer

Simple Summary Only 10–20% of patients with newly diagnosed resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma have potentially resectable disease. Upfront surgery is the gold standard, but it is rarely curative. After surgical extirpation of tumors, up to 80% of patients will develop cancer recurrence, and the initial relapse is metastatic in 50–70% of these patients. Adjuvant chemotherapy offers the best strategy to date to improve overall survival but faces real challenges; some patients will experience rapid disease progression within 3 months of surgery and patients who do not receive all planned cycles of chemotherapy have unfavourable oncological outcomes. The neoadjuvant approach is therefore logical but requires further investigation. This approach shows favourable trends regarding disease-free survival and overall survival but, in the absence of rigorous published phase III trials, is not validated to date. Here, we intend to provide a comprehensive analysis of the literature to provide direction for future studies. Abstract Complete surgical resection is the cornerstone of curative therapy for resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Upfront surgery is the gold standard, but it is rarely curative. Neoadjuvant treatment is a logical option, as it may overcome some of the limitations of adjuvant therapy and has already shown some encouraging results. The main concern regarding neoadjuvant therapy is the risk of disease progression during chemotherapy, meaning the opportunity to undergo the intended curative surgery is missed. We reviewed all recent literature in the following areas: major surveys, retrospective studies, meta-analyses, and randomized trials. We then selected the ongoing trials that we believe are of interest in this field and report here the results of a comprehensive review of the literature. Meta-analyses and randomized trials suggest that neoadjuvant treatment has a positive effect. However, no study to date can be considered practice changing. We considered design, endpoints, inclusion criteria and results of available randomized trials. Neoadjuvant treatment appears to be at least a feasible strategy for patients with resectable pancreatic cancer.
Corporate capital structure

Η πρόσφατη χρηματοπιστωτική κρίση κατέδειξε ότι παρ’ όλο που η εταιρική δομή κεφαλαίου (corporate capital structure) αποτελεί ένα πεδίο που έχει ερευνηθεί αρκετά, εντούτοις υπάρχουν αρκετά ζητήματα στη μελέτη της που χρήζουν περαιτέρω διερεύνησης. Ειδικότερα, τα αλογίστως υψηλά επίπεδα του δείκτη μόχλευσης (leverage ratio) των μεγάλων αμερικανικών επιχειρήσεων κατά την πρόσφατη χρηματοπιστωτική κρίση έστρεψαν ξανά το ενδιαφέρον γύρω από τις θεωρίες της εταιρικής δομής κεφαλαίου και των εμπειρικών τους εφαρμογών. Για το λόγο αυτό, η παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή μελετά την επίδραση τόσο της εταιρικής διακυβέρνησης όσο και του μάνατζμεντ στην κεφαλαιακή της διάρθρωση. Το ερευνητικό ενδιαφέρον προσανατολίζεται σε αυτούς τους τομείς για δύο λόγους. Πρώτον, το επίπεδο της εταιρικής μόχλευσης διαμορφώνεται από τις αποφάσεις του μάνατζμεντ και δεύτερον, οι λανθασμένες διοικητικές αποφάσεις αποτέλεσαν ένα από τους κύριους παράγοντες πρόκλησης της πρόσφατης χρηματοπιστωτικής κρίσης. Η τρέχουσα διδακτορική διατριβή εστιάζει στους εξής τρεις συντελεστές της εταιρικής διακυβέρνησης και του μάνατζμεντ: τη γενετική ποικιλομορφία του διοικητικού συμβουλίου, τη διαχειριστική ικανότητα κα τις πρακτικές διοίκησης. Η εμπειρική ανάλυση μεταξύ χωρών (cross-country) οδήγησε στην εξαγωγή μερικών ιδιαίτερα ενδιαφέροντων συμπερασμάτων. Πρώτον, η ύπαρξη σημαντικής αρνητικής συσχέτιση μεταξύ της γενετικής ποικιλομορφίας του διοικητικού συμβουλίου και του εταιρικού επιπέδου μόχλευσης, υποδηλώνει τη μείωση του εταιρικού χρέους όταν υπάρχει ποικιλομορφία (βάσει γένους) εντός του διοικητικού συμβουλίου παρ’ όλου που η αυξανόμενη ποικιλομορφία οδηγεί σε περισσότερες συγκρούσεις (Frijns et al., 2016). Δεύτερον, η διαχειριστική ικανότητα, όπως μετράτε από τους Demerjian et al. (2012), έχει θετική επίδραση στην εταιρική μόχλευση, τόσο σε περιόδους κανονικής οικονομικής δραστηριότητας, όσο και σε περιόδους κρίσης. Η θετική αυτή επίδραση πιθανόν καταδεικνύει ότι οι ικανότεροι μάνατζερ προτιμούν τη χρηματοδότηση των εταιριών τους μέσω χρέους, γεγονός που έρχεται σε αντίθεση με προγενέστερες μελέτες που υποστηρίζουν ότι οι μάνατζερ αντιτίθεται στο χρέος προκειμένου να μεγιστοποιήσουν τη θητεία τους στην εταιρία (Bertrand & Schoar, 2003; Berger et al., 1997). Τρίτον, οι καλές πρακτικές διοίκησης, όπως ορίζονται από το έργο World Management Survey, επηρεάζουν θετικά την εταιρική μόχλευση. Η επίδραση αυτή μπορεί να αποδοθεί στη θετική επίδραση που έχουν οι καλές πρακτικές διοίκησης στην εταιρική αποδοτικότητα, στην καινοτομία αλλά και την παραγωγικότητα των εργαζομένων (Bloom & Van Reenen, 2007; Bloom et al., 2013). Γενικότερα, η παρούσα διατριβή συνεισφέρει στη διεθνή βιβλιογραφία συσχετίζοντας τη δομή κεφαλαίου με τη σχετική βιβλιογραφία της εταιρικής διακυβέρνησης, και παρέχοντας νέες πληροφορίες που επεκτείνουν την κατανόησης μας για το «παζλ» της κεφαλαιακής δομής (“capital structure puzzle”).
Empirical ethics and the special status of the practitioner’s judgements

Introduction “Empirical ethics is a broad category, grasping different interpretations of combining or trying to integrate ethics and empirical research. Although there are various ways of combining empirical research and ethical reflection (and of doing empirical ethics), they all have some basic assumptions in common: firstly, empirical ethics states that the study of people’s actual beliefs, intuitions, behaviour and reasoning yields information that is meaningful for ethics and should be the starting point of ethics (italics awm)[. ]. ” This is a quotation from Pascal Borry, Paul Schotsman and Chris Dierickx’ editorial to a special issue on empirical ethics of the journal Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy (Borry, Schotsman & Dierickx 2004). I can agree with their general description of empirical ethics and also with the first basic assumption, except for the sentence in italics. In a previous publication (Musschenga 2005) I distinguished two approaches in empirical ethics. Both aim to strengthen the context-sensitivity of ethics. The first approach is meta-ethically neutral, the second approach starts from the assumption that promoting the context-sensitivity of ethics requires the acceptance