Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Everything I Know I Learned In Kindergarten: Examples Of Synergisms Between K 12 Outreach And Recruitment And Retention Of Women And Minorities In Engineering

Most people by now have heard (and probably chuckled at) the statement, “All I really need to know I learned in Kindergarten”. While this may not be factually or chronologically accurate, it certainly embodies the spirit of K-12 Outreach in that it acknowledges that early and continued exposure to science and engineering are keys to getting and keeping students interested in science and engineering career s. In the Spring of 2003 the Oregon State University College of Engineering was awarded a grant from the Flora and William Hewlett Foundation for the specific purpose of recruitment and retention of students into engineering, and in particular women and minorities. Approximately one-quarter of the funds allocated in that grant were targeted for K-12 outreach activities, acknowledging the importance of early exposure to both recruitment and retention of women and minorities in engineering. The influx of funding from the Hewlett grant had a significant impact on both the expansion of existing high school outreach programs (Summer Experience in Science and Engineering for Youth (SESEY) and Saturday Academy Apprenticeships in Science and Engineering) and allowed for the development of several new programs targeted primarily at K-8 students. The emphasis in these programs is on the delivery of science and engineering content in a way that is attractive to young people, and on the development of modules for dissemination to K-8 science teachers . The new programs developed and discussed are: 1) E-Camp, a one week, nonresidential engineering camp for middle school girls and boys that attracted 26 students (11 girls, 15 boys,); 2) LEGORobotics, a one week, non-residential camp for middle school boys (20 students), and a separate mixed gender camp (6 girls/5 boys); 3) Advocates for Women in Science, Engineering and Math (AWSEM), an after school club for middle school girls with women undergraduate and graduate student mentors; 4) Spirited Kids in Engineering and Science (SKIES), an 11 week non-residential summer camp for K-8 students (approx. 400 kids) that used a “holistic learning” approach, turning a “traditional” summer sports/crafts day camp into an experience that “exercises” both the body and mind of kids throughout the “lazy days of summer”.
On optimal segmentation and parameter tuning for multiple change-point detection and inference

Change-point analysis is the task of finding abrupt (and significant) changes in the underlying model of a signal or time series. Change-point detection methods typically involve specifying the maximum number of segments to search for and the minimum segment length. However, there is no objective way to pre-specify these two parameters, and it mostly depends upon the particular application. Within this framework, a recursive optimization algorithm is developed that is capable of exploring and fine tuning these two input parameters, and optimally segmenting a time series. This multiple change-point detection technique therefore addresses a wide class of real-life contexts and problems where the identification of optimal level shifts in a time series is the main goal. Extensive simulation results are presented and a real-life example is given to illustrate the implementation of the developed scheme in practice and to unfold its capabilities. Concluding remarks and suggestions for future research are also provided.
Hierarchical layer to layer of ternary heterostructure: Nanograin nickel carbonate embedded layered NiMnO3‐rGO‐Co3O4 composite array as a high‐performance electrode for hybrid supercapacitors

Heterostructured metallic electrode materials fabricated by altering the structurally engineered morphologies are promising in ameliorating electrodes' functionality in energy storage applications. Effective and novel double‐shell sandwich‐like NiCO3/NiMnO3‐rGO‐Co3O4 (Ni‐NMO‐rGO‐CoO) nanoflake array (NFA) heterostructures were prepared on highly conducting 3D Ni foam using a two‐step hydrothermal process. rGO wrapping on the NiCO3 embedded NiMnO3 (Ni‐NMO) nanocomposite flakes improved the cycling stability and avoided volume expansion by acting as an interlayer. The surface decorated Co3O4 nanograins showed a uniform distribution over the rGO wrapped Ni‐NMO and facilitated the pathways for fast ion diffusion kinetics to enhance the specific capacity of the electrode. The layer to layered Ni‐NMO‐rGO‐CoO NFA electrode yielded an ascendant specific capacity of 188.8 mA h g−1 (3.9 F cm−2) at 1 mA g−1. The fabricated all‐solid‐state Ni‐NMO‐rGO‐CoO//AC hybrid supercapacitors (HSCs) showed a superior energy density of 57.2 W h kg−1 at 472.2 W kg−1 with 97.7% capacitance retention after 10 000 cycles. The fabricated HSCs have potential applications in portable electronics. The Ni‐NMO‐rGO‐CoO NFA ternary layered architecture offers a promising approach for fabricating high‐performance hierarchical composite array electrodes for next‐generation energy storage devices.
Spin injection by spin–charge coupling in proximity induced magnetic graphene

Within the field of spintronics major efforts are directed towards developing applications for spin-based transport devices made fully out of two-dimensional materials. In this work we present an experimental realization of a spin-valve device where the generation of the spin signal is exclusively attributed to the spin-dependent conductivity of the magnetic graphene resulting from the proximity of an interlayer antiferromagnet, chromium sulfide bromide (CrSBr). We clearly demonstrate that the usage of the conventional air-sensitive 3D magnetic contacts can be fully avoided when graphene/CrSBr heterostructures are employed. Moreover, apart from providing exceptionally long spin relaxation length, the usage of graphene for both generation and transport of the spin allows to automatically avoid the conductivity mismatch between the source and the channel circuits that has to be considered when using conventional low-resistive contacts. Our results address a necessary step in the engineering of spintronic circuitry out of layered materials and precede further developments in the area of complex spin-logic devices. Moreover, we introduce a fabrication procedure where we designed and implemented a recipe for the preparation of electrodes via a damage-free technique that offers an immediate advantage in the fields of air-sensitive and delicate organic materials.
Synthesis, In Vitro and In Silico Analysis of New Oleanolic Acid and Lupeol Derivatives against Leukemia Cell Lines: Involvement of the NF-κB Pathway

Oleanolic acid (OA) and Lupeol (LU) belong to the class of natural triterpenes and are endowed with a wide range of biological activities, including cytotoxicity toward several cancer cell lines. In this context, we investigated a set of compounds obtained from the two natural precursors for the cytotoxicity against leukemia HL60 cells and the multidrug-resistant (MDR) variant HL60R. Six new semi-synthetic triterpenes have been synthetized, fully characterized, and were investigated together with other triterpenes compounds for their pharmacological mechanism of action. The interaction of the more cytotoxic compounds with the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway has been also evaluated with the aid of docking. The lupane-like compounds were more active than the precursor, while the oleane-like compounds showed more complex behavior. Both OA and LU derivatives possess a similar interaction pattern with the p65 subunit of NF-κB, justifying the similar trend in their ability to inhibit the binding of p65 to DNA. Further, some of the derivatives tested were able to increase IκB-α levels preventing the translocation of NF-κB to the nucleus. In conclusion, this study offers a deeper insight on the pharmacological action of triterpenes toward leukemia cells, and it improves the background useful for the development of new anti-cancer drugs.
University of São Paulo "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture Do agroforestry systems improve soil functioning? a comparison with other land uses

Do agroforestry systems improve soil functioning? a comparison with other land uses The climatic changes in course impose a series of challenges to agricultural and forestry activities. It is then necessary the search and development of resilient farming systems capable of not only assure food, fiber and fuel production, but that also guarantee the maintenance of ecosystemic processes that are essential to humanity and to other forms of life. As they are critical components of terrestrial ecosystems, soils play important environmental, economic and social functions, and underpin a number of Ecosystem Services through its functioning as well. However, soil is a non-renewable resource at short-term, and it misuse and mismanagement might lead to its depletion, resulting in negative short-, mediumand long-term impacts. Thus, it is necessary to take a closer look at soil when researching alternative land-use and production systems, in order to better comprehend physical, chemical and biological processes occurring within the soil and how these practices might affect soil attributes and, as a consequence, its functioning. As an alternative to conventional practices, Agroforestry Systems (AF) have been recommended by researches on account of its environmental, social and economic benefits, especially at humid and subhumid tropical and subtropical zones. In Brazil, highly weathered soil covered by forest formations are predominant, AF arise as good alternatives to simplified monoculture-based agriculture, since they resemble territory’s natural conditions. But some ecological benefits of agroforestry practices are still unclear and the great variety of arrangements and practices of AF impose challenges to the total comprehension of its effects over soils. Therefore, this work was drafted in two parts where the first part is a systematic review of scientific literature available on two main databases of worldwide relevance, in order to outline the current scientific knowledge about Agroforestry Systems effects on soils attributes and processes and to identify tits main approaches and shortcomings. And the second part is an analysis of the hydro-physical properties of a soil subjected to four land-use systems (AF, conventional tillage, Eucalyptus forestry and grass fallow), aiming at detecting theses land-use influence over soil’s superficial layer hydrological functioning, and identify the main differences between them.
An Efficient Computing Offloading Scheme Based on Privacy-Preserving in Mobile Edge Computing Networks

Computation offloading is an important technology to achieve lower delay communication and improve the experience of service (EoS) in mobile edge computing (MEC). Due to the openness of wireless links and the limitation of computing resources in mobile computing process, the privacy of users is easy to leak, and the completion time of tasks is difficult to guarantee. In this paper, we propose an efficient computing offloading algorithm based on privacy-preserving (ECOAP), which solves the privacy problem of offloading users through the encryption technology. To avoid the algorithm falling into local optimum and reduce the offloading user energy consumption and task completion delay in the case of encryption, we use the improved fast nondominated sorting genetic algorithm (INSGA-II) to obtain the optimal offloading strategy set. We obtain the optimal offloading strategy by using the methods of min-max normalization and simple additive weighting based on the optimal offloading strategy set. The ECOAP algorithm can preserve user privacy and reduce task completion time and user energy consumption effectively by comparing with other algorithms.
Novel Dry Spinning Process of Natural Macromolecules for Sustainable Fiber Material -1- Proof of the Concept Using Silk Fibroin

Researchers around the world are developing technologies to minimize carbon dioxide emissions or carbon neutrality in various fields. In this study, the dry spinning of regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) was achieved as a proof of concept for a process using ionic liquids as dissolution aids and plasticizers in developing natural polymeric materials. A dry spinning equipment system combining a stainless-steel syringe and a brushless motor was built to generate fiber compacts from a dope of silk fibroin obtained by degumming silkworm silk cocoons and ionic liquid 1-hexyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride ([HMIM][Cl]) according to a general method. The maximum stress and maximum elongation of the RSF fibers were 159.9 MPa and 31.5%, respectively. RSF fibers containing ionic liquids have a homogeneous internal structure according to morphological investigations. Elemental analysis of fiber cross sections revealed the homogeneous distribution of nonvolatile ionic liquid [HMIM][Cl] in RSF fibers. Furthermore, the removal of ionic liquids from RSF fibers through impregnation washing with organic solvents was verified to enhance industrial applications. Tensile testing showed that the fiber strength could be maintained even after removing the ionic liquid. Thermogravimetric analysis results show that the organic solvent 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol is chemically coordinated to silk fibroin and, as a natural polymer, can withstand heat up to 250 °C.
Response of terrestrial mammals to various types of disturbance in the Gunung Merapi National Park, Indonesia

Abstract. Sulaksono N, Pudyatmoko S, Soemardi, Wardhana W, Hadiyan Y, Nurvianto S. 2022. Response of terrestrial mammals to various types of disturbance in the Gunung Merapi National Park, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 1635-1647. Human disturbance in the form of sand mining and grass harvesting activities in the area of Mount Merapi is an important component of the ecological process alongside the eruption. The group of terrestrial mammals (TM) is one of the essential elements that are affected by this disturbance. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the response of the TM in various types of habitats in areas affected by eruption disturbances >20 years (ERL), eruption < 20 years (ERE), mining (MIN), grazing (GRA), and non-disturbance areas (NDA) in Gunung Merapi National Park (GMNP). Camera traps were used to identify the abundance of each TM. Vegetation data were also used to represent habitat conditions and were taken on a plot of 0.04 Ha. The analysis results showed that the highest abundance of TM is at the NDA site (14.4), while the lowest is at the MIN site (2.08). The site with the highest level of TM diversity is ERL (1.97) and the lowest is NDA (1.52). Furthermore, there is a significant difference in TM abundance between the MIN and ERL sites, which indicates that each disturbance reacts differently to the site. Based on the results, mining disturbances negatively influenced the abundance of TM in GMNP, therefore, managers need to regulate mining activities and make efforts to restore the affected areas.
Smartphone-Based Cognitive Assistance of Blind People in Room Recognition and Awareness

Blind people face multiple challenges in performing their daily activities, such as localization, navigation, and communication with other people following the social status of the ambient environment. The outdoor navigation and localization are mitigated through assistive technologies, such as white cane, smartphones, and Global Positioning System (GPS). However, little attention has been paid to assisting a blind person in judging the room environment, occupants in a room, communicating with an intended person, social status, and so on. This study attempts to provide cognitive assistance to blind people in predicting room types and finding the intended person to communicate their message by understanding their ambient environment and social status in terms of their age, gender, and the number of people inside a room. The proposed solution uses the microphone and speaker to recognize room types and a camera for understanding the ambient environment and social status. The information is conveyed to the blind person through haptic feedback. We analyzed different evaluation metrics, including the movement of people, ambient sounds, orientation, and position. We conducted an extensive user study to validate the proposed solution in real-world scenarios and achieved 87.64% accuracy in room type recognition in 11 rooms, 64.57% gender recognition, 61.73% age group, and 61.71% correctly identified the number of people.
A non-dissipative staggered fourth-order accurate explicit finite difference scheme for the time-domain Maxwell''s equations

We consider a divergence-free non-dissipative fourth-order explicit staggered finite difference scheme for the hyperbolic Maxwell''s equations. Special one-sided difference operators are derived in order to implement the scheme near metal boundaries and dielectric interfaces. Numerical results show the scheme is long-time stable, and is fourth-order convergent over complex domains that include dielectric interfaces and perfectly conducting surfaces. We also examine the scheme''s behavior near metal surfaces that are not alligned with the grid axes, and compare its accuracy to that obtained by the Yee scheme.
The Management and Outcome of Stroke Patients Admitted on Weekdays Compared to Weekends at the King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Background and Purpose Stroke is an unexpected medical emergency that can result in significant disability. The weekend effect suggests that individuals with acute medical problems are not treated the same way on weekends as they are on weekdays. There is no previous published study about weekend effect on stroke patients from Saudi Arabia. Methods This was an IRB approved, retrospective, cohort study. All stroke patients admitted between January 2017 and December 2018 were included. Ten standards of care were chosen to assess compliance with standardized care. Seven measures were chosen for acute management of stroke. Results A total of 731 patients were included, 68.5% were males; 493 (67%) were admitted during weekdays and 238 (33%) on weekends. There was no difference for age (P = .32), gender (P = .32), nationality (P = .62), stroke subtype (P = .27) and stroke severity (P = .69) on weekday or weekend admission. In two-third patients, more than 70% of stroke orders were utilized, with no difference in thrombolysis rate (P = .81). There was no difference in recurrent stroke (P = .86), mortality or discharge disposition (P = .34) between the patients. The patients admitted during weekdays had less complications (38 vs 46%; P = .04). Conclusions There was no difference in the quality of care provided to stroke patients admitted during weekdays or weekends. There was no difference in the use of acute intervention on weekends and weekdays. Patients had similar outcomes and discharge disposition whether admitted on weekdays or weekends, except that those admitted on weekends had a significantly greater overall number of complications.
Influence of Technological Factors on the Quality of Chitosan Microcapsules with Boswellia serata L. Essential Oil

Essential oils contain many volatile compounds that are not stable and lose their pharmacological effect when exposed to the environment. The aim of this study is to protect Boswellia serrata L. essential oil from environmental factors by encapsulation and determine the influence of chitosan concentration and types (2%, 4%; medium and high molecular weights), essential oil concentration, different emulsifiers (Tween and Span), and technological factors (stirring time, launch height, drip rate) on the physical parameters, morphology, texture, and other parameters of the generated gels, emulsions, and microcapsules. For the first time, Boswellia serrata L. essential oil microcapsules with chitosan were prepared by coacervation. Hardness, consistency, stickiness, viscosity, and pH of chitosan gels were tested. Freshly obtained microcapsules were examined for moisture, hardness, resistance to compression, size, and morphology. Results show that different molecular weights and concentrations of chitosan affected gel hardness, consistency, stickiness, viscosity, mobility, and adhesion. An increase in chitosan concentration from 2% to 4% significantly changed the appearance of the microcapsules. It was found that spherical microcapsules were formed when using MMW and HMW 80/1000 chitosan. Chitosan molecular weight, concentration, essential oil concentration, and stirring time all had an impact on the hardness of the microcapsules and their resistance to compression.
Cervical Pre-cancers: Biopsy and Immunohistochemistry

The existence of precursor lesions for invasive cervical cancer has been recognized for more than 50 years. Our understanding of the pathobiology and behavior of cervical cancer precursors has evolved considerably over the past five decades. Furthermore, the terminology used to classify pre-invasive lesions of the cervix has frequently changed. The realization that human papillomavirus (HPV) infections constitute a morphologic continuum has prompted efforts to include them within a single classification system, specifically the squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) which have now been embraced by the surgical pathologists. The reduced number of specific pathological categories has made clinical decision-making more straightforward. The generic criteria for SIL have two important histological parameters: Alterations in the density of superficial epithelial cells and superficial squamous atypia. The flat condyloma or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) I is generally associated with intermediate and high-risk HPV types as against the low-risk viruses that cause exophytic/papillary growth patterns of condylomas. The diagnosis of low-grade SIL (LSIL) (flat and exophytic condylomas) requires first excluding benign mimics of LSIL and second to confirm the characteristic cytologic atypia. For high-grade SILs (HSILs), the extent and degree of atypia generally exceed the limits of that described in flat or exophytic condylomas (LSILs). Less maturation, abnormal cell differentiation, loss of cell polarity, and increased mitotic index with abnormal mitotic figures occupying increasing thickness of the epithelium define a lesion as CIN II or CIN III. Atypical immature metaplasia associated with inflammation and atrophy is a challenge in cervical biopsy interpretation. Careful attention to the growth pattern of the epithelium, the distribution of the atypia, nuclear spacing, and the degree of anisokaryosis and the presence of enlarged hyperchromatic nuclei help in differentiating a non-neoplastic from a neoplastic process. This chapter describes in depth the diagnostic difficulties in the interpretation of cervical biopsies. It also provides useful criteria in distinguishing benign mimics from true precancerous lesions and the role of biomarkers such as the p16ink4 and Ki-67 in the differential diagnosis of precursor lesions and the reactive and metaplastic epithelium.