Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adiponectin Receptors Form Homomers and Heteromers Exhibiting Distinct Ligand Binding and Intracellular Signaling Properties*

Background: Adiponectin receptors (AdipoR1 and 2) mediate the effects of adiponectin, which possesses insulin sensitizing and anti-inflammatory properties. Results: AdipoRs organize into oligomers exhibiting distinct interaction and signaling properties. Conclusion: The cellular response to adiponectin depends on the specific AdipoR repertoire. Significance: To envisage novel therapeutic strategies, the capacity of AdipoRs to form oligomeric complexes must be taken into consideration. Adiponectin binds to two widely expressed receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) that contain seven transmembrane domains but, unlike G-protein coupled receptors, present an extracellular C terminus and a cytosolic N terminus. Recently, AdipoR1 was found to associate in high order complexes. However, it is still unknown whether AdipoR2 may also form homomers or heteromers with AdipoR1 or if such interactions may be functionally relevant. Herein, we have analyzed the oligomerization pattern of AdipoRs by FRET and immunoprecipitation and evaluated both the internalization of AdipoRs in response to various adiponectin isoforms and the effect of adiponectin binding to different AdipoR combinations on AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α activation. Transfection of HEK293AD cells with AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 showed that both receptors colocalize at both the plasma membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum. Co-transfection with the different AdipoR pairs yielded high FRET efficiencies in non-stimulated cells, which indicates that AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 form homo- and heteromeric complexes under resting conditions. Live FRET imaging suggested that both homo- and heteromeric AdipoR complexes dissociate in response to adiponectin, but heteromers separate faster than homomers. Finally, phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase in response to adiponectin was delayed in cells wherein heteromer formation was favored. In sum, our findings indicate that AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 form homo- and heteromers that present unique interaction behaviors and signaling properties. This raises the possibility that the pleiotropic, tissue-dependent functions of adiponectin depend on the expression levels of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 and, therefore, on the steady-state proportion of homo- and heteromeric complexes.
The Anaesthetist, Cross-Infection and Sterilization Techniques—A Review

Nosocomial (hospital acquired) infection presents a problem of greater magnitude than any other in today's hospital practice. One per cent of all admissions develop a gramnegative bacteraemia with a fatality rate of almost :~o per cent (McCabe 1! }70). In the USA. this translates to about 70,000 deaths per year. In Australia, though the total will be less, there is no reason to believe that the incidence is any different. The role of anaesthetic equipment in the transmission of infection has been the subject of much debate. Unless all possible sources of contamination can be cultured and the organisms identified accurately and matched by phaget\'ping with the patient's infecting organism, direct causal relationship is difficult to establish. Other relationships ha\'e taken many \'ears to establish too and are still debated, such as smoking and lung cancer, cholesterol and heart disease, asbestos and mesotheliomas, or radiation and malignancies. The prudent will not wait for incontro\'ertible e\'idence but \\-ill initiate reasonahle precautions. As anaesthesiologists we owe this duty to our patients to protect them, wherever possible, against a potential source of harm.
Chronic liver disease is triggered by taurine transporter knockout in the mouse

Taurine is an abundant organic osmolyte with antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties. Its role in the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease is unknown. The liver phenotype was studied in taurine transporter knockout (taut? /? ) mice. Hepatic taurine levels were ~21, 15 and 6 ? mol/g liver wet weight in adult wild‐type, heterozygous (taut+/? ) and homozygous (taut? /? ) mice, respectively. Immunoelectronmicroscopy revealed an almost complete depletion of taurine in Kupffer and sinusoidal endothelial cells, but not in parenchymal cells of (taut? /? ) mice. Compared with wild‐type mice, (taut? /? ) and (taut+/? ) mice developed moderate unspecific hepatitis and liver fibrosis with increased frequency of neoplastic lesions beyond 1 year of age. Liver disease in (taut? /? ) mice was characterized by hepatocyte apoptosis, activation of the CD95 system, elevated plasma TNF‐? levels, hepatic stellate cell and oval cell proliferation, and severe mitochondrial abnormalities in liver parenchymal cells. Mitochondrial dysfunction was suggested by a significantly lower respiratory control ratio in isolated mitochondria from (taut? /? ) mice. Taut knockout had no effect on taurine‐conjugated bile acids in bile; however, the relative amount of cholate‐conjugates acid was decreased at the expense of 7‐keto‐cholateconjugates. In conclusion, taurine deficiency due to defective taurine transport triggers chronic liver disease, which may involve mitochondrial dysfunction.
The unhappy postdoc: a survey based study

Background: The emerging public discourse about the “broken” postdoc system is mostly conceptual (with several recent exceptions). The current work offers an attempt to quantify postdocs’ perceptions, goals, and well-being. Methods: A survey of 190 postdocs in North America. Results: This article first reveals a surprisingly unhappy postdoc community with low life satisfaction. Second, it demonstrates how over the course of the fellowship many postdocs lose interest in the goal of pursuing a tenure track academic position (~20%) or in recommending the postdoc track to others (~30%). Finally, we find that among a large number of factors that can enhance life satisfaction for postdocs (e.g., publication productivity, resources available to them) only one factor stood out as significant: the degree to which atmosphere in the lab is pleasant and collegial. Conclusions: Our findings can stimulate policy, managerial, and career development improvements in the context of the postdoc system.
Exploring the Predictive Relationship Between General Health Literacy Levels and Prenatal Care Health Literacy Levels

,. ,. ,. , . 10 I. INTRODUC1-ION. ,. 12 Background of the Problem . 12 Statement of the Problem . '" . ,. ,. 20 Purpose of the Study . '" . 23 Significance of the Study . 24 Research Questions & Hypotheses.28 Theoretical Framework . 31 Conceptual Framework . , . , . '" . , . 32 II. REVIEW OF RELEVANT LITERATURE . 37 Health literacy . ,. 37 Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (TOFLHA). 48 Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults Health Literacy and Demographic and Socioeconomic General Literacy . 37 National Assessments of Adult Literacy . ,. ,. ' . 40 Health literacy, . , . , . '. '. ' . 42 Health Literacy and Preventive Services . ,. 43 Measurements of Health Literacy . 45 Rapid Test of Adult Literacy in Medicine (REALM) . 47 (STOFHLA) . 51 Disease Specific Measures of Health Literacy . , . 55 Health Literacy Assessment and Health . , . , . 59 Health Literacy and Physician-Patient Communication,. , . 60 Factors. , . , . , . , . , . 61
Organic Records of Early Life on Mars: The Role of Iron, Burial, and Kinetics on Preservation

Samples that are likely to contain evidence of past life on Mars must have been deposited when and where environments exhibited habitable conditions. Mars analog sites provide the opportunity to study how life could have exploited such habitable conditions. Acidic iron- and sulfur-rich streams are good geochemical analogues for the late Noachian and early Hesperian, periods of martian history where habitable conditions were widespread. Past life on Mars would have left behind fossilized microbial organic remains. These are often-sought diagnostic evidence, but they must be shielded from the harsh radiation flux at the martian surface and its deleterious effect on organic matter. One mechanism that promotes such preservation is burial, which raises questions about how organic biomarkers are influenced by the postburial effects of diagenesis. We investigated the kinetics of organic degradation in the subsurface of Mars. Natural mixtures of acidic iron- and sulfur-rich stream sediments and their associated microbial populations and remains were subjected to hydrous pyrolysis, which simulated the increased temperatures and pressures of burial alongside any promoted organic/mineral interactions. Calculations were made to extrapolate the observed changes over martian history. Our experiments indicate that low carbon contents, high water-to-rock ratios, and the presence of iron-rich minerals combine to provide unfavorable conditions for the preservation of soluble organic matter over the billions of years necessary to produce present-day organic records of late Noachian and early Hesperian life on Mars. Successful sample selection strategies must therefore consider the pre-, syn-, and postburial histories of sedimentary records on Mars and the balance between the production of biomass and the long-term preservation of organic biomarkers over geological time.
Histochemical studies on the mammalian kidney. I. The glomerular elimination of ferrocyanide in the rabbit, and some related problems

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Wind tunnel investigation of rotor lift and propulsive force at high speed: Data analysis

L I S T O F F I G U R E S . v i LIST OF TABLES . ; x i v . NOMENCLATURE x v 1 . 0 S U M M A R Y . 1 2 . 0 INTRODUCTION . 27 . 3 . 0 MODEL DESCRIPTION AND INSTRUMENTATION 2 9 3 . 1 T e s t s t a n d . 2 9 3 . 2 M o d e l D e t a i l s . 29 3.3 Ins t rumenta t ion . 35 DATA REDUCTION . 39 TEST PROGRAM . 46 5 . 1 O b j e c t i v e s . 46 . 5 . 2 T e s t P r o c e d u r e s 4 7 . 5.3 T e s t O p e r a t i n g C o n d i t i o n s 49 5 . 4 Run Log . 49 . TEST DATA ANALYSIS 54 . L i f t a n d P r o p u l s i v e F o r c e L i m i t s 5 5 . B l a d e toad G r o w t h A p p r o a c h i n g L i z i t s 74 C r u i s e R o t o r P e r f o r m a n c e . 109 R o t o r C o n t r o l P o w e r i n P r o x i m i t y o f S t a l l . 133 A d v a n c i n g T i p Mach Number E f f e c t s o n L i m i t s . 144 B l a d e F l a p p i n g R e s p o n s e . 147 R o t o r O p e r a t i o n i n S t a l l . 148 . Model C o n f i g u r a t i o n P e r f o r m a n c e 162 . C o r r e l a t i o n of T h e o r y w i t h T e s t D a t a 171 E f f e c t o f T o r s i o n a l S t i f f n e s s on H i g h A d v a n c e R a t i o C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s . 181 7 . 0 CONCLUSIONS. I 8 8 8 . 0 RECOMMENDATIONS. I 9 2
Bounds for the independence number of a graph

v 1 Preliminaries 1 1.1 Eigenvalues . 2 1.2 Fractional Independence . 3 1.3 Residue and the Annihilation Number . 3 1.4 Matching Number and Chromatic Number . 6 1.5 Radius . 6 1.6 Average Distance . 7 1.7 Important Fact . 7 2 Upper Bounds 8 2.1 U1: Kwok Bound . 8 2.2 U2: Cvetković Bound . 9 2.3 U3: Hansen Upper Bound . 11 2.4 U4: Trivial Bound . 11 2.5 U5: Fractional Independence Number . 12 2.6 U6: Annihilation Number . 14 2.7 U7: Matching Number Upper Bound . 15 2.8 U8: Borg Bound . 16 2.9 U9: Minimum Degree Bound . 17 2.10 Other Upper Bounds . 18 3 Lower Bounds 20 3.1 L1: Chromatic Number Bound . 20 3.2 L2: Brook’s Bound . 21 3.3 L3: Turan’s Bound . 22 3.4 L4: Caro-Wei Bound . 22 3.5 L5: Wilf’s Bound . 23 3.6 L6: Hansen Lower Bound . 23 3.7 L7: Average Distance . 24 3.8 L8: Residue . 24 3.9 L9: Radius . 26
Landscapes and Dual Modifications in Pluripotent and Multipotent Stem Cells Underlie Complex Genome Regulatory Functions

Background: The histone variant H2A.Z has been implicated in nucleosome exchange, transcriptional activation and Polycomb repression. However, the relationships among these seemingly disparate functions remain obscure. Results: We mapped H2A.Z genome-wide in mammalian ES cells and neural progenitors. H2A.Z is deposited promiscuously at promoters and enhancers, and correlates strongly with H3K4 methylation. Accordingly, H2A.Z is present at poised promoters with bivalent chromatin and at active promoters with H3K4 methylation, but is absent from stably repressed promoters that are specifically enriched for H3K27 trimethylation. We also characterized posttranslational modification states of H2A.Z, including a novel species dually-modified by ubiquitination and acetylation that is enriched at bivalent chromatin. Conclusions: Our findings associate H2A.Z with functionally distinct genomic elements, and suggest that posttranslational modifications may reconcile its contrasting locations and roles.
A summary of the current diagnostic methods for, and exploration of the value of microRNAs as biomarkers in, sepsis-associated encephalopathy

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is an acute neurological deficit caused by severe sepsis without signs of direct brain infection, characterized by the systemic inflammation and disturbance of the blood–brain barrier. SAE is associated with a poor prognosis and high mortality in patients with sepsis. Survivors may exhibit long-term or permanent sequelae, including behavioral changes, cognitive impairment, and decreased quality of life. Early detection of SAE can help ameliorate long-term sequelae and reduce mortality. Half of the patients with sepsis suffer from SAE in the intensive care unit, but its physiopathological mechanism remains unknown. Therefore, the diagnosis of SAE remains a challenge. The current clinical diagnosis of SAE is a diagnosis of exclusion; this makes the process complex and time-consuming and delays early intervention by clinicians. Furthermore, the scoring scales and laboratory indicators involved have many problems, including insufficient specificity or sensitivity. Thus, a new biomarker with excellent sensitivity and specificity is urgently needed to guide the diagnosis of SAE. MicroRNAs have attracted attention as putative diagnostic and therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative diseases. They exist in various body fluids and are highly stable. Based on the outstanding performance of microRNAs as biomarkers for other neurodegenerative diseases, it is reasonable to infer that microRNAs will be excellent biomarkers for SAE. This review explores the current diagnostic methods for sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). We also explore the role that microRNAs could play in SAE diagnosis and if they can be used to make the SAE diagnosis faster and more specific. We believe that our review makes a significant contribution to the literature because it summarizes some of the important diagnostic methods for SAE, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages in clinical use, and could benefit the field as it highlights the potential of miRNAs as SAE diagnostic markers.
Quantum Complexity of Integration

It is known that quantum computers yield a speed-up for certain discrete problems. Here we want to know whether quantum computers are useful for continuous problems. We study the computation of the integral of functions from the classical Holder classes Fk, ? d on 0, 1]d and define ? by ? =(k+? )/d. The known optimal orders for the complexity of deterministic and (general) randomized methods are comp(Fk, ? d, ? )? 1/? and comprandom(Fk, ? d, ? )? 2/(1+2? ). For a quantum computer we prove compquantquery(Fk, ? d, ? )? 1/(1+? ) and compquant(Fk, ? d, ? )? C? 1/(1+? )(log? 1)1/(1+? ). For restricted Monte Carlo (only coin tossing instead of general random numbers) we prove compcoin(Fk, ? d, ? )? C? 2/(1+2? )(log? 1)1/(1+2? ). To summarize the results one can say that ? there is an exponential speed-up of quantum algorithms over deterministic (classical) algorithms, if ? is small; ? there is a (roughly) quadratic speed-up of quantum algorithms over randomized classical methods, if ? is small.
Fuzzy model identification: selected approaches

General Overview. - Fuzzy Identification from a Grey Box Modeling Point of View. - 1. Introduction. - 2. System Identification. - 3. Fuzzy Modeling Framework. - 4. Fuzzy Identification Based on Prior Knowledge. - 5. Example - Tank Level Modeling. - 6. Practical Aspects. - 7. Conclusions and Future Work. - References. - Clustering Methods. - Constructing Fuzzy Models by Product Space Clustering. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Overview of Fuzzy Models. - 3. Structure Selection for Modeling of Dynamic Systems. - 4. Fuzzy Clustering. - 5. Deriving Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Models. - 6. Example: pH Neutralization. - 7. Practical Considerations and Concluding Remarks. - A. The Gustafson-Kessel Algorithm - MATLAB Implementation. - References. - Identification of Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Models via Clustering and Hough Transform. - 1. Introduction. - 2. The Identification Method. - 3. Example 1. - 4. Example 2. - 5. Summary of the Identification Procedure. - 6. Practical Considerations and Concluding Remarks. - References. - Rapid Prototyping of Fuzzy Models Based on Hierarchical Clustering. - 1. Introduction. - 2. The Fuzzy C-Means Algorithm. - 3. Using Hierarchical Clustering to Preprocess Data. - 4. Rapid Prototyping of Approximative Fuzzy Models. - 5. Rapid Prototyping of Descriptive Fuzzy Models. - 6. Examples. - 7. Practical Considerations and Concluding Remarks. - A. Proofs of Propositions. - References. - Neural Networks. - Fuzzy Identification Using Methods of Intelligent Data Analysis. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Neuro-Fuzzy Methods. - 3. Density Estimation. - 4. Fuzzy Clustering. - 5. Conclusion. - A. From Rules to Networks. - B. Learning Rule for RBF Networks. - C.Update Equations for Gaussian Mixtures. - D. Adaptation Algorithm for Fuzzy Clustering. - References. - Identification of Singleton Fuzzy Models via Fuzzy Hyperrectangular Composite NN. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Classification of Fuzzy Models. - 3. Fuzzy Neural Networks. - 4. Identification of Singleton Fuzzy Models. - 5. Simulation Results. - 6. Practical Considerations and Concluding Remarks. - References. - Genetic Algorithms. - Identification of Linguistic Fuzzy Models by Means of Genetic Algorithms. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Evolutionary Algorithms and Genetic Fuzzy Systems. - 3. The Fuzzy Model Identification Problem. - 4. The Genetic Fuzzy Identification Method. - 5. Example. - 6. Practical Considerations and Concluding Remarks. - References. - Optimization of Fuzzy Models by Global Numeric Optimization. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Theoretical Aspects of Fuzzy Models. - 3. The Fuzzy Identification Method. - 4. Simulation Results. - 5. Practical Aspects. - References. - Artificial Intelligence. - Identification of Linguistic Fuzzy Models Based on Learning. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Basic Concepts and Notation. - 3. The Identification Problem. - 4. The Fuzzy Identification Method. - 5. Numeric Examples. - 6. Practical Aspects and Concluding Remarks. - References.
Region adaptive correction method for radial distortion of fish-eye image

Most of cameras follow pinhole camera model. However, result of this model makes some undesirable effects in wide angle lens. The most serious problem among these effects is radial distortion which appears heavily in fish-eye images. Several geometric models for correcting radial distortion of fish-eye lens are developed. Most of these models require only one parameter. However, correcting with one parameter is limited to correct both central and outer part simultaneously. Aim of this paper is to solve this problem. The proposed method is able to correct radial distortion of both areas using region adaptive distortion parameter. Each parameter is determined by considering amount of distortion in each region respectively. Also, the proposed method modifies the existing division model to correct radial distortion of both regions. Experimental results show that radial distortions in both areas are corrected.
Education and the Concept of Time

Abstract As we speak about time in the context of everyday life, we have no problem with what we mean by time. We take time as given. Different kinds of theories of development rely on the ordinary concept of time. Time is a sequence of instants, and we are moving along from the past to the future, from birth to death. Moving in time also means development. It does not take into account how a human being is in the time. It flattens our view of human life and cannot describe our manifold being. According to theories of development, if a child does not behave in a certain instant as the theories expect, there must be a problem with that child or she has not developed as well as others. Heidegger uses terms like time-space, temporality and ecstases of time. The question of time is of the same kind as the question of Being. We are in the world and in time in the same way. We all have experience of time, how it sometimes goes quickly and sometimes very slowly. Time is not experienced as moments one after another. It is time-space. Time-space means that time has three dimensions and it consists of the ecstatical opening up of the future, the past and the present. In this article, I will open up the question how the traditional understanding of time and the ecstatic understanding of time understand children differently. What does it mean that little children live exclusively in the present?
Performance Comparison of Collaborative Filtering Using Fuzzy Clustering for Spherical Data

GroupLens is the representative neighborhood-based algorithm for collaborative filtering task, where the definition of "neighborhood" is heuristic. This study proposes determining the neighborhood using fuzzy clustering for spherical data, and compares three fuzzy clustering for spherical data been proposed with GroupLens algorithm, using two real datasets. The experimental result shows that the proposal achieved higher recommendation accuracy for all two datasetsand that all three clustering algorithms help determining more adequate neighbor-hood than the conventionally determined neighborhood.