Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of corneal endothelial morphology in type 2 diabetes mellitus with specular microscopy

DOI: 10.4328/ACAM.21019 Received: 2021-12-23 Accepted: 2022-01-24 Published Online: 2022-01-25 Corresponding Author: Murat Serkan Songur, Deparment of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat Bozok University, Çapanoğlu Mahellesi, Cemil Çiçek Caddesi, Yozgat, 66100, Turkey. E-mail: mssongur@yahoo.com P: +90 505 798 85 28 F: +90 354 217 10 72 Corresponding Author ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6234-3680 Abstract Aim: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the corneal endothelium using a specular microscopy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Material and Methods: The right eyes of 30 DM patients without any ocular findings, 30 DM patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), and 30 DM patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) were evaluated in the study. Cell density (cells/mm2), corneal thickness (μ), hexagonal cell ratio (%), and coefficient of variation (cell area standard deviation/mean cell area, μm2) of the corneal endothelium of these patients were assessed with a specular microscope. Results: There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of corneal thickness. While there was no significant difference between the control group and the group with NPDR in terms of endothelial cell density, hexagonality and coefficient of variation, a significant difference was found between the PDR group and both the control and NPDR groups. Discussion: Since we found that disease progression leads to deterioration in corneal endothelial morphology in type 2 DM patients, we believe that it is important to try to prevent disease progression by controlling the blood glucose levels and using specular microscopy during follow-up and treatment in these patients.
The antenna cleaner in gall-inducers, inquilines and parasitic cynipoid wasps: a comparative study

Hymenoptera evolved structures on the legs which are able to remove particles from their antennae through grooming behaviour. The antenna cleaner (strigil) consists of an apical and modified protibial spur (calcar, composed of a trunk and a velum) and a modified basitarsus including a fine comb made up of setae and a notched inner surface. In “Terebrantia”, the non-aculeate Apocrita, large comparative studies of strigil are scarce, especially within lineages. Here, we studied in detail this structure in Cynipoidea, a group of wasps including parasitoids (Ibaliidae, Liopteridae and Figitidae), gall-inducers (Cynipidae) and gall-inquilines (Cynipidae), through a SEM analysis. We found some traits quite conserved across species and lineages. For example, the shape of protibia is almost invariably broadening towards apex, and one single, straight rather than curved, dorso-apical socketed spur on apical margin of protibia occurs in almost all species. Other characters roughly differentiate families. For example, thick and long setae on the protibia are arranged in one row especially in Figitidae, Ibaliidae and Liopteridae, while they more often occur in more than one rows in Cynipidae, which was the family with the shortest calcar. Figitidae have shorter basitarsal notch, but had longer and denser setae on the notch, compared with Cynipidae and Ibaliidae. Further characters were extremely variable across and within lineages. The observed morphological variation did not seem to reflect the phylogeny of Cynipoidea, and a role of life-history traits on such variation was not suggested, at least with the methodological approach used here.
A 1-Transistor SPAD Quanta Image Sensor for High-Speed and Small-Pitch Arrays

A SPAD-based pixel with a single transistor has been designed and implemented in a 150nm standard CMOS technology for the realization of a Quanta Image Sensor (QIS). The inherently digital nature of the SPAD device minimizes circuitry and simplifies the achievement of singlephotoelectron sensitivity. The pixel revamps the concept of CMOS passive-pixel sensors to achieve a pixel with a pitch of 7m and a geometrical fill-factor of 31% in an unoptimized process. The speed of the presented QIS architecture is limited only by the output interface, while requiring extremely simple column circuitry such as a sense amplifier, thus minimizing power requirements.
Intra and interspecific competition between Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Hymenoptera Braconidae) and Aganaspis pelleranoi (Hymenoptera Figitidae)

Braconidae and Figitidae parasitoids are important agents of pest population regulation in natural and agricultural systems, with species used in applicate biological control programs of fruit flies (Diptera Tephritidae). However, many aspects of the interactions of parasitoids with their heterospecific and conspecific are poorly understood. Thus, the interspecific competition between the parasitoids Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) (DL) (Hymenoptera Braconidae) and Aganaspis pelleranoi (Brethes) (AP) (Hymenoptera Figitidae), was studied using Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) (Diptera Tephritidae) as host. Host larvae were offered to only one parasitoid on a single occasion or on two occasions, or even to two parasitoid species, alternating the offering sequence. Thus, six exposure regimes were completed: AP (host exposed for 4 hours); DL (host exposed for 40 minutes); AP-AP (host exposed to AP for 4 hours and then to a conspecific for an additional further 4 hours); DL-DL (host exposed to DL for 40 minutes and then to a conspecific for an additional 40 minutes); AP-DL (host exposed to AP for 4 hours and then to DL for 40 minutes); and DL-AP (host exposed to DL for 40 minutes and then exposed to AP for 4 hours). The mean number of parasitized pupae, emerged parasitoids, oviposition scars per host (larvae) and sex ratio of parasitoids were compared between the different exposure regimes. The mean of parasitized pupae and emerged parasitoids was higher in the DL-DL and DL-AP treatments. The mean number of oviposition scars per host was correlated positively with the mean number of parasitoid offspring and the emerged females in treatments AP, DL, AP-AP, DL-DL for both species, and DL-AP only to D. longicaudata. When the hosts were exposed only once to the parasitoids, the sex ratio was male biased (AP and DL treatments); but when exposed twice, the treatments spawned offspring female biased, except for D. longicaudata at AP-DL treatment. Irrespective of the parasitism order, D. longicaudata suppress the emergence of A. pelleranoi.
CAPITALIZATION RATE, INTERNALLY GENERATED INTANGIBLE ASSETS, AND THE VALUE RELEVANCE OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION: EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of internally generated intangible assets’ capitalization rate at the firm level on the value relevance of accounting information. Capitalization rate is defined as the tendency of a firm to capitalize their expenditures that may have future benefit for the firm. In accordance with the matching concept, expenditures that may have future benefit for the firm should be capitalized to provide more accurate information to investors related to the financial performance of the firm. Thus, it is hypothesized in this study that a greater capitalization rate for the internally generated intangible asset improves the value relevance of accounting information. Timeliness of publication and negative earnings presence were included as the controlling variables. 31 firms were selected through the purposive sampling method. The data collected are secondary data and the data analysis technique utilized was the multilple linear regression analysis. However, the analysis results showed that capitalization rate does not have a significant effect on the value relevance of accounting information with timeliness and negative earnings presence as the controlling variables. After the inclusion of firms that do not use Indonesian Rupiah as their reporting currency, the total sample only increased by 2, with a total of 33 firms. Despite this inclusion, the hypothesis was still rejected. The data also shows that most firms provide inadequate information regarding their intangible assets.
TargetFuzz: Using DARTs to Guide Directed Greybox Fuzzers

Software development is a continuous and incremental process. Developers continuously improve their software in small batches rather than in one large batch. The high frequency of small batches makes it essential to use effective testing methods that detect bugs under limited testing time. To this end, researchers propose directed greybox fuzzing (DGF) which aims to generate test cases towards stressing certain target sites. Different from the coverage-based greybox fuzzing (CGF) which aims to maximize code coverage in the whole program, the goal of DGF is to cover potentially buggy code regions (e.g., a recently modified program region). While prior works improve several aspects of DGF (such as power scheduling, input prioritization, and target selection), little attention has been given to improving the seed selection process. Existing DGF tools use seed corpora mainly tailored for CGF (i.e., a set of seeds that cover different regions of the program). We observe that using CGF-based corpora limits the bug-finding capability of a directed greybox fuzzer. To mitigate this shortcoming, we propose TargetFuzz, a mechanism that provides a DGF tool with a target-oriented seed corpus. We refer to this corpus as DART corpus, which contains only 'close' seeds to the targets. This way, DART corpus guides DGF to the targets, thereby exposing bugs even under limited fuzzing time. Evaluations on 34 real bugs show that AFLGo (a state-of-the-art directed greybox fuzzer), when equipped with DART corpus, finds 10 additional bugs and achieves $4.03x speedup, on average, in the time-to-exposure compared to a generic CGF-based corpus.
Cost of Co-infection in Peromyscus leucopus Mice

ii Acknowledgements.iii List of figures.v I) Introduction.6 II) Methods.12 2.1 Fieldwork.12 2.2 Quantifying Parasite Infection . 14 2.3 Data Analysis.15 III) Results.16 IV) Discussion.23 References.27
Advanced public transport and intelligent transport systems: new modelling challenges

ABSTRACT Transit system ‘big data’ collecting and processing, and bidirectional communication between transit travellers and information centres are emerging as two factors that enhance the tools supporting short-term forecasting of network status for transit operations control and for traveller information. However, the current methodologies applied in these tools do not seem to have reached the level of research in the field of transit network modelling. Therefore, several methodological issues connected to the development of such tools are analysed in this paper. These issues concern application and development of real-time on-board load short-term forecasting methods, real-time best path advice, real-time transit assignment modelling, individual path choice modelling, and real-time updating and upgrading of demand and supply model parameters.
FAMILY STRUCTURE AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC WELLNESS AS DETERMINANT OF DEVIANT BEHAVIOUR AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN SAGAMU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OGUN STATE, NIGERIA

This study examines the family structure and socio-economic wellness as determinants of deviant behavior among secondary school students Participants consist of 356 randomly selected in equal proportion from 10 secondary schools in Sagamu LGA. Survey research design was adopted for the study. The instrument used was Self-structured questionnaire with four sections. Section 1 was on demographic information of the respondent, section II was on family structure section III was on family socio-economic wellness and section IV was on deviant behaviour. The instrument has a reliability score of 0.808. Percentages and tables were used to analyze demographic data. The first hypothesis was tested using multiple regression analysis at 0.05 level of significance while the second, third, fourth. fifth and sixth hypotheses were tested using simple linear regression analysis at 0.05 level of significance. The result of the analyses rejected all the null hypotheses at 0.05 level significance which means the, family structure and family socio-economic wellness were found to have collective contribution on students' deviant behavior. Based on the result findings, it is recommended among others, that families should strive to improve their socioeconomic wellness by being resourceful and engaging in entrepreneurial ventures to boost their income. Parent enlightenment programme should be initiated by government with the help of family counsellors whereby parents would be empowered with skills needed in solving their family problems, improve their relationship with their wards and also improve their parenting practices in the families. Parents' monitoring knowledge attenuates the link between antisocial friends and adolescent delinquent behaviour.
Effects of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields Emitted from Mobile Phones and Wi-Fi Router on the Growth Rate and Susceptibility of Enterococcus faecalis to Antibiotics

Background: During the last decade, people have been dramatically exposed to radiation emitted from widely-used radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) generating devices. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of exposure to RF-EMF emitted from smart phones and Wi-Fi routers on the growth rate and antibiotic sensitivity of Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) as a pathogen in the root canals of teeth. Material and Methods: In this experimental study, E. faecalis ATCC 19115 was used, characterized and confirmed by morphological and biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility test was measured for several common antibiotics. To perform antibiotic susceptibility tests, disk diffusion (Kirby-Bauer) method on Mueller-Hinton agar plates was used before and after exposure to RF-EMFs emitted from a commercial Wi-Fi router or a mobile phone simulator. Moreover, we measured the optical density at 625 nm after different exposure times using a calibrated UV-visible spectrophotometer to evaluate the effect of RF-EMF exposure on the bacterial growth rate. Results: Exposure to RF-EMF significantly altered the antimicrobial sensitivity of the E. faecalis. While, the susceptibility of the bacteria decreased significantly after 6 h of exposure, longer exposure time (e.g. exposure for 24 h) increased the susceptibility of the bacteria to all antibiotics. Furthermore, it was found that the bacteria tended to regress to their early state. Moreover, the non-exposed E. faecalis showed a slower growth rate than the bacteria exposed to RF-EMFs. Conclusion: Exposure to RF-EMF emitted by Wi-Fi routers or mobile phone simulator can significantly change the antibiotic susceptibility and growth rate of E. faecalis.
Dynamics of autonomous rock electromagnetic radiation measurement instrumentation

The paper analyzes the operation of innovative composite measurement instrumentation for spontaneous electromagnetic emission. The designed receiver measures and records both components of the EM field emitted by rocks subjected to increased mechanical stress. The range of signals transmitted by the receiver system and its dynamics were determined. A receiver was used to observe electromagnetic signals generated during a hard coal sample crushing in laboratory conditions. Test results confirmed the high dynamic range of the system at 98 dB and the ability to observe signals over a range of frequencies up to 50 kHz. The experimental results confirm the signal bandwidth characteristic of coal mine EM field emission obtained in earlier studies. The constructed autonomous receiver can be used in mine workings as a complementary warning system for emerging mine hazards.
Reproductive Performance of Rabbit Does Subjected to Discarded Cocoa Seed Meal ( Theobroma cacao ) Based Diet

: Food Security is a challenge in developing countries. Animal scientists are tasked with finding alternative feedstuffs that would reduce cost but sustain production for the rising population. Thirty six (36) 5 month’s old rabbits comprising of 24 does and 12 bucks of an average initial weight of 1380g were used to evaluate the effect of discarded cocoa seed meal (DCSM) based diet on reproductive performance of rabbit does. Diets containing 0, 15, 30 and 45% DCSM were compounded for T 1 , T 2 , T 3 and T 4 , respectively. The experiment was in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with each treatment having 8 does and 3 bucks. The bucks were used to breed the does. Water and feed were given ad-libitum and the experiment lasted for 19 weeks. Reproductive indices indicated no significant (P>0.05) differences in gestation length among the treatment groups. However, rabbit does fed 15% DCSM performed significantly (P<0.05) better in litter size at birth, litter size at weaning, mortality rate, kit weight at birth, kit weight at weaning than the rest of the treatment groups. From these result, it was concluded that inclusion of 15 - 30% DCSM in rabbits ration had no adverse effects but improved reproductive performance of breeding does. Rabbit farmers can therefore use DCSM as an alternative feedstuff.
Treatment of Infants and Children HIV- or Coronavirus-Infected with Lopinavir/Ritonavir: Clinical Pharmacology of Lopinavir/Ritonavir

Lopinavir is structurally similar to ritonavir but is 3to 10-fold more potent against HIV-1. This agent is active against HIV-1 and HIV-2. Lopinavir is coformulated with ritonavir which is a CYP3A4 inhibitor. Ritonavir is a peptidomimetic HIV protease inhibitor and is active against HIV-1 and HIV-2. The formulation of lovirapin/ritonavir is available in tablets and in oral solution, may be administered on the basis on body-surface-area or body-weight, and lovirapin/ritonavir dose is 300/75 mg/m2 twice-daily in infants aged 14 days to 12 months, 200/50 and 400/100 mg twice-daily in children with a body-weight <40 kg and >40 kg, respectively. Lovirapin/ritonavir was found efficacy and safe in infants and children. Lopinavir half-life is about 4 and 6 hours in infants and children, respectively. Lopinavir/ritonavir interacts with drugs and induces adverse-effects in infants and children. Treatment with lopinavir/ritonavir successfully cured HIVand coronavirus-infected infants and children, and the prophylaxis with this drug combination was found useful in naïveand experienced infants and children HIVor coronavirus-infection, and it is recommended in breastfeeding newborn infants whose mothers are infected in order to prevent vertical transmission of HIV or coronavirus. Some HIV may become resistant to lopinavir/ritonavir and the mechanism of resistance is the mutation of protease which impairs its efficacy. The aim of this study is to review the published data on lopinavir/ritonavir-dosing, efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics, interaction with drugs, adverse-effects, treatment, prophylaxis, infants and children use in pregnancy, and viral-resistance in infants and children.
Effect of Working Capital Management on Financial Performance: A Case Study of Listed Manufacturing Firms at Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya

: The main purpose of this research project was to examine the effect of working capital management on the financial performance of firms listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange. The specific objectives of this study was to determine the effects of average collection period and leverage on financial performance of listed manufacturing firms at NSE. Firm performance was measured using Return on Assets (ROA). This study used descriptive research design to describe the effects of working capital management on financial performance of listed manufacturing firms at NSE, Kenya. The target population was all the 9 listed manufacturing Companies which are listed at Nairobi Securities Exchange as at December 2015. A census of the 9 firms listed manufacturing at the Nairobi Securities Exchange from year 2011-2015 was the sample. This research project utilized secondary data, which was collected by use of content analysis obtained from the annual financial statement reports of listed firms for period ranging from 2011 to 2015. The collected data was entered into the Statistical Program for Social Sciences (SPSS version 24.0) and multiple regression analysis method was used to analyze the data. By use of Pearson’s correlation, Return on Assets was negative related to Average Collection Period and Leverage. Regression model revealed significant effect and negative relationships among Average Collection Period and leverage.
Assesing the mediating effect of Self Control on the relationship betweeen Perceived Ease of Use of E-money on Consumptive Behavior and Internet Gaming Disorder of generation Z (Empirical Evidences from Indonesia)

The purpose of this study was to determine how the mediating effect of self-control in the ease of using electronic money leads to consumptive behavior in internet gaming disorders. The world is currently experiencing rapid technological developments in all fields, including the gaming industry. This trend has resulted in more and more people focusing on the massive use of online games to distract them and focus, especially during the pandemic. The massive use of online games, or often referred to as internet gaming disorder (IGD), especially in Generation Z, has attracted many researchers around the world. Fast consumptive behavior and uncontrolled behavior are considered to bring harm to these online gamers. Furthermore, the integration of E-money in the game platform is expected to increase the flexibility of the consumptive behavior of these online gamers, thereby increasing the risk of IGD for these gamers. We used an online questionnaire that was tested on 155 respondents and thus analyzed the results by SEM-PLS. we found that ease of use e-money has a significant effect on consumptive behavior, self-control has an effect on ease of use of e-money, consumptive behavior has a significant effect on IGD. The empirical contribution of this study thus recommends the need to mediate control to these Generation Z gamers to suppress the tendency of rapid consumptive behavior and reduce the potential risk of developing Internet Gaming Disorder (emergency room)
Simulating Yeast Polarization in the Cloud

Short Abstract — We have developed a discrete spatial stochastic model of cellular polarization during mating of Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Specifically we investigate the ability of yeast cells to sense a spatial gradient of mating pheromone and respond by forming a projection in the direction of the mating partner. Our results demonstrate that higher levels of stochastic noise result in increased robustness, giving support to a cellular model where noise and spatial heterogeneity combine to achieve robust biological function. This also highlights the importance of spatial stochastic modeling to reproduce experimental observations.
Distinct mechanical roles for bacterial biopolymers in sensing and strength

Short Abstract — Biofilm bacteria are embedded in extracellular polymers (EPS). Multiple types of EPS can be produced by a single bacterial strain - the reasons for this redundancy are not well-understood. Our work suggests that different polymers may confer distinct mechanical benefits. Biofilms initiate when bacteria attach to a surface, sense the surface, and change their gene expression. The EPS PEL enhances surface sensing by increasing mechanical coupling of single bacteria to the surface. For the mature biofilm, the EPS PSL stiffens and strengthens biofilms. For bacteria in chronic infections, EPS expression evolves to combine mechanical fitness with complementary, chemical fitness benefits.