Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CORR Insights®: Differences in Femoral Torsion Among Various Measurement Methods Increase in Hips With Excessive Femoral Torsion.

Femoral torsion refers to the angle of offset between the proximal and distal portions of the femur in the transverse plane, typically defined distally by the condylar axis and proximally by the center of the femoral head and another anatomic landmark. Excessive internal rotation has been described as both a risk factor for lateral patellar instability [4] and as a predisposing factor for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) [10]. For patellar instability, clinicians typically look for maltorsion of more than 15 as an indication for surgical intervention [1]. However, using a measurement to determine the proper course of treatment is predicated on the idea that the clinician has access to a reliable measurement method and a reliable normal range of measurements for comparison. Many different imaging techniques have been used to reliably measure femoral torsion, including biplanar radiography [8], CT [9], ultrasound [3], and MRI [2]. Additionally, there are many ways to identify anatomic landmarks for defining the proximal and distal axes that are used tomeasure femoral torsion. Therefore, while the intra and interrater reliability has been strong using most measurement methods and modalities, the actual measurement of femoral torsion can vary greatly depending on the type of imaging and measurement definition used to obtain the measurement. For example, Kuo and colleagues [7] found a mean difference of 13.5 in femoral torsion values when comparing biplane radiography with CT in normal adult cadavers. In the current paper by Schmaranzer and colleagues [9], five different methods for defining the rotation of the proximal femur were compared usingCT scans of patientswith hip pain and physical findings suggestive of FAI. The authors found that inter and intrarater reliability was strong for each measurement method, but differences between torsion values increased when a more-distal definition of the proximal axis was used, and in patients who had more-severe maltorsion [9]. Similar results were previously found in a study that compared different measurement methods for CT images in average adult human cadavers [6], although this study did not include a wide range of torsional values within its sample. Another study [8] reported good reliability in femoral torsion values using radiography and CT in children.
New State Transition Matrix for Relative Motion on an Arbitrary Elliptical Orbit

A new state transition matrix is described for the nonlinear problem of relative motion on an arbitrary elliptical orbit. A linearization is performed, leading to a set of linear differential equations with time-dependentcoefficients. A new and simpler solution to those equations is represented in a convenient state transition matrix form. This new state transition matrix is valid for arbitrary elliptical orbits of 0≤e<1. The state propagation using the new state transition matrix shows good agreement with numerical results.
Strong Hydrodynamic Limit for Attractive Particle Systems on $\mathbb{Z}$

We prove almost sure Euler hydrodynamics for a large class of attractive particle systems on $\mathbb{Z}$ starting from an arbitrary initial profile. We generalize earlier works by Seppalainen (1999) and Andjel et al. (2004). Our constructive approach requires new ideas since the subadditive ergodic theorem (central to previous works) is no longer effective in our setting.
Estimating tensors for matching over multiple views

In this paper we give purely geometric derivations of the constraints between point and line correspondences in multiple views of a static field. The analysis is carried out using geometric algebra, a system which provides a useful tool in many computer vision applications. It is shown that with a straightforward geometric interpretation it is simple to derive the degrees of freedom of such tensors and to understand their structure. Given such information, minimal parametrizations of the tensors are possible. Such parametrizations may be useful for estimation of the tensors and subsequent matching of points.
Formation mechanism and functional properties of walnut protein isolate and soy protein isolate nanoparticles using the pH-cycle technology

Walnut protein isolate (WPI) is a nutritious protein with poor solubility, which severely limits its application. In this study, composite nanoparticles were prepared from WPI and soy protein isolate (SPI) using the pH-cycle technology. The WPI solubility increased from 12.64 to 88.53% with a WPI: SPI ratio increased from 1: 0.01 to 1: 1. Morphological and structural analyses illustrated that interaction forces with hydrogen bonding as the main effect jointly drive the binding of WPI to SPI and that protein co-folding occurs during the neutralization process, resulting in a hydrophilic rigid structure. In addition, the interfacial characterization showed that the composite nanoparticle with a large surface charge enhanced the affinity with water molecules, prevented protein aggregation, and protected the new hydrophilic structure from damage. All these parameters helped to maintain the stability of the composite nanoparticles in a neutral environment. Amino acid analysis, emulsification capacity, foaming, and stability analysis showed that the prepared WPI-based nanoparticles exhibited good nutritional and functional properties. Overall, this study could provide a technical reference for the value-added use of WPI and an alternative strategy for delivering natural food ingredients.
A new finite element method in micromagnetics

A finite-element method is presented in which the magnetization is linearly interpolated within each tetrahedral element and the magnetostatic interaction is accurately obtained by integration. The equilibrium magnetizations at the nodal points can be found by minimizing the total energy of the system. Two different minimization schemes are compared. >
Adaptive Reliable Shortest Path in Discrete Stochastic Networks

This paper addresses adaptive reliable shortest path problem which aims to find adaptive en-route guidance to maximize the reliability of arriving on time in stochastic networks. Such routing policy helps travelers better plan their trips to prepare for the risk of running late in the face of stochastic travel times. In order to reflect the stochastic characteristic of travel times, a traffic network is modeled as a discrete stochastic network. Adaptive reliable shortest path problem is uniformly defined in a stochastic network. Bellman’s Principle that is the core of dynamic programming is showed to be valid if the adaptive reliable shortest path is defined by optimal-reliable routing policy. A successive approximations algorithm is developed to solve adaptive reliable shortest path problem. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithm is valid using typical transportation networks.
Negative dynamic conductivity of graphene with optical pumping

We study the dynamic ac conductivity of a nonequilibrium two-dimensional electron-hole system in optically pumped graphene. Considering the contribution of both interband and intraband transitions, we demonstrate that at sufficiently strong pumping the population inversion in graphene can lead to the negative net ac conductivity in the terahertz range of frequencies. This effect might be used in graphene-based coherent sources of terahertz radiation.
L0-based sparse approximation: two alternative methods and some applications

We propose two methods for sparse approximation of images under l2 error metric. First one performs an approximation error minimization given a lp-norm of the representation through alternated orthogonal projections onto two sets. We study the cases p = 0 (sub-optimal) and p = 1 (optimal), and find that the l0-AP method is neatly superior, for typical images and overcomplete oriented pyramids. Given that l1-AP is optimal, this shows that it is not equivalent in practical image processing conditions to minimize one or the other norm, contrarily to what is often assumed. The second method is more powerful, and it performs gradient descent onto decreasingly smoothed versions of the sparse approximation cost function, yielding a method previously proposed as a heuristic. We adapt these techniques for being applied to image restoration, with very positive results.
The Use of Auxiliary Variables in Capture-Recapture and Removal Experiments

The dependence of animal capture probabilities on auxiliary variables is an important practical problem which has not been considered in the development of estimation procedures for capturerecapture and removal experiments. In this paper the linear logistic binary regression model is used to relate the probability of capture to continuous auxiliary variables. The auxiliary variables could be environmental quantities such as air or water temperature, or characteristics of individual animals, such as body length or weight. Maximum likelihood estimators of the population parameters are considered for a variety of models which all assume a closed population. Testing between models is also considered. The models can also be used when one auxiliary variable is a measure of the effort expended in obtaining the sample.
Fast null space tuning algorithms with feedbacks for sparse signal recovery

We provide a framework of fast iterative algorithms based on null space tuning, thresholding, and feedbacks for signal recovery in sparse representation and compressed sensing. Convergence results are provided. Numerical studies about the effectiveness and the speed of the algorithms are also presented. The algorithms are seen as particularly effective for large scale problems.
A PROBLEM IN THE SEQUENTIAL DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS

Abstract : THE PROBLEM OF DETERMINING AN OPTIMAL TESTING POLICY WHERE ONE SIMULTANEOUSLY GAINS AND LEARNS FOR THE CASE WHERE THE OUTCOME OF ONE CHOICE IS KNOWN AND THE OTHER IS SUBJECT TO A KNOWN A PRIORI DISTRIBUTION IS CONSIDERED. Results of Johnson and Karlin, P-328, are obtained in a different way and extended. The methods used are applicable to more general processes.
Large Eddy Simulation Study of Synthetic Jet Frequency and Amplitude Effects on a Rounded Step Separated Flow

Numerical simulations of active separation control by means of synthetic jet are carried out to study the forcing frequency and amplitude effects on the flow. The chosen test case is a rounded ramp at a Reynolds number based on the step height of Re h = 30192. The incoming flow is fully turbulent with Re   = 1350 at the separation point. The whole flow in the synthetic jet cavity is computed to ensure an accurate description of the actuator effect on the flow-field. Through 21 LES simulations, it is shown that the optimal frequency is relative to the considered objective. In the present case, no frequency simultaneously improves every evaluated criterion. The effect of amplitude seems to be independent of the frequency one.
Elliptic jets. Part 1. Characteristics of unexcited and excited jets

This paper summarizes experimental studies of incompressible elliptic jets of different aspect ratios and initial conditions, and effects of excitations at selected frequencies and amplitudes. Elliptic jets are quite different from the extensively studied plane and circular jets - owing mainly to the fact that the azimuthal curvature variation of a vortical structure causes its non-uniform self-induction and hence complex three-dimensional deformation. Such deformation, combined with properly selected excitation can substantially alter entrainment and other turbulence phenomena, thus suggesting preference for the elliptic shape in many jet applications. The dominance of coherent structures in the jet far field is evident from the finding that switching over of the cross-section shape continues at least up to 100 equivalent diameters De. The locations and the number of switchovers are strongly dependent on the initial condition, on the aspect ratio, and, when excited, on the Strouhal number and the excitation level. We studied jets with constant exit momentum thickness θe, all around the perimeter, thus separating the effects of azimuthal variations of θe, (typical of elliptic jets) and of the shear-layer curvature. Also investigated are the instability characteristics, and enhanced entrainment caused by bifurcation as well as pairing of vortical structures. We discuss shear-layer and jet- column domains, and find the latter to be characterized by two modes : the preferred mode and the stable pairing mode - similar to those found in circular jets -both modes scaling on the newly-defined lengthscale De. The paper documents some time- average measurements and their comparison with those in circular and plane jets.
Layer potential analysis for a Dirichlet‐transmission problem in Lipschitz domains in ℝn

In this paper we obtain the existence and uniqueness in some Sobolev and Lp spaces for a Dirichlet‐transmission problem for the Stokes and Brinkman equations on Lipschitz domains in ℝn, n > 3. In the particular case n = 3 this problem describes the Stokes flow of a viscous incompressible fluid past a porous particle and in presence of a solid core. The flow within the porous particle is described by the Brinkman equation. In order to obtain the desired existence and uniqueness result, we use an indirect boundary integral formulation based on the layer potential theory for both Brinkman and Stokes equations. Some special cases, which refer to the Stokes flow past a porous particle with large permeability, respectively low permeability, are also analyzed.
A New Method to Plan a Singularity-Free Path of the Stewart Platform

This paper devotes to address the problem of the singularity of the Stewart platform, which is different from the serial mechanism. An algorithm has been constructed; also, by solving a minimum problem, it finds a alternative path to instead the preliminary path, in which there are several singular configurations. At the end of this paper, a numerical case has been developed and gives two points on the preliminary path. By applying this algorithm, a singularity-free path can be found to avoid the singularities in the preliminary path and ill-condition. So, this algorithm can be proven practical.
Robust Estimation For Periodic Autoregressive Time Series

Abstract. A robust estimation procedure for periodic autoregressive (PAR) time series is introduced. The asymptotic properties and the asymptotic relative efficiency are discussed by the estimating equation approach. The performance of the robust estimators for PAR time‐series models with order one is illustrated by a simulation study. The technique is applied to a real data analysis.
Tumor Stroma Area and Other Prognostic Factors in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Patients Submitted to Surgery

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a dense stroma, responsible for up to 80% of its volume. The amount of stroma can be associated with prognosis, although there are discrepancies regarding its concrete impact. The aim of this work was to study prognostic factors for PDAC patients submitted to surgery, including the prognostic impact of the tumor stroma area (TSA). A retrospective study with PDAC patients submitted for surgical resection was conducted. The TSA was calculated using QuPath-0.2. 3 software. Arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and surgical complications Clavien–Dindo>IIIa are independent risk factors for mortality in PDAC patients submitted to surgery. Regarding TSA, using >1.9 × 1011 µ2 as cut-off value for all stages, patients seem to have longer overall survival (OS) (31 vs. 21 months, p = 0.495). For stage II, a TSA > 2 × 1011 µ2 was significantly associated with an R0 resection (p = 0.037). For stage III patients, a TSA > 1.9 × 1011 µ2 was significantly associated with a lower histological grade (p = 0.031), and a TSA > 2E + 11 µ2 was significantly associated with a preoperative AP ≥ 120 U/L (p = 0.009) and a lower preoperative AST (≤35 U/L) (p = 0.004). Patients with PDAC undergoing surgical resection with preoperative CA19.9 > 500 U/L and AST ≥ 100 U/L have an independent higher risk of recurrence. Tumor stroma could have a protective effect in these patients. A larger TSA is associated with an R0 resection in stage II patients and a lower histological grade in stage III patients, which may contribute to a longer OS.
REDUCING OPERATOR-INDUCED MACHINE VIBRATION USING A COMPLEX POLE/ZERO PREFILTER

Abstract A systematic prefilter design process for reducing operator-induced rigid body vibrations of rubber tire mounted machines is presented. The contribution of this work is the development of a systematic prefilter design process and interpretation of the results. The class of heavy equipment considered in this work are those machines having rigid body main frame vibrations dominated by linear dynamics. The reduction in machine vibrations is accomplished through the design of prefilters that reduce the machine resonant frequencies from the operator commands. The machine information required for the design process includes the bandwidth of the electro-hydraulic (E/H) valves and rigid body resonant frequencies of the machine mainframe. The prespecified performance in the design process is the desired attenuation of machine resonant frequencies which is related to the acceptable level of machine vibration. The design methodology has been applied to a telescopic boom lift to illustrate the procedure and the effectiveness of the design.
Orthogonality-based label correction in multi-class classification

Orthogonality-based label coding is an often-used technique in multi-class classification. Through coding the labels into some multi-dimensional orthogonal codewords, many binary classifiers can be naturally extended to multi-class cases. For an unseen sample, the classifiers firstly estimate its codeword and then compute the corresponding distances from the labels. Finally, the nearest one is assigned as its class label. However, these classifiers actually hardly guarantee that the estimated codewords still maintain the inter-orthogonality with the other classes, which more likely causes the codewords in different classes overlapping each other to some extent and thus affects the classification performance. Proposed is a novel label correction strategy which aims to keep as much as possible orthogonality between the estimated sample codewords and the other classes' labels in order to preserve further as much as possible the inter-orthogonality of the codewords. The strategy is combined with two state-of-the-art classifiers: regularised least square classifier and the least square support vector machine. Experiments on UCI datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.
UVBYBETA PHOTOMETRY OF STARS IN THE FIELD OF NGC 2244 AND NGC 2264

Results are presented from uvby beta photometric observations of 34 stars in the fields of NGC 2244 and NGC 2264. Photometric and astrometric indicators suggest that about a third of the sample are nonmembers of the clusters. Cluster color excesses are determined for the two clusters. For the stars examined, log g and effective temperature are estimated. Also, stellar radii, masses, and positions in the H-R diagram are calculated. The cluster ages and the main-sequence lifetime for massive stars show that star formation in the region has not been restricted to a single epoch.
Strong L p Convergence Associated with Rellich-type Discrete Compactness for Discontinuous Galerkin FEM

In a preceding paper, we proved the discrete compactness properties of Rellich type for some 2D discontinuous Galerkin ﬁnite element methods (DGFEM), that is, the strong L 2 convergence of some subfamily of ﬁnite element functions bounded in an H 1 -like mesh-dependent norm. In this note, we will show the strong L p convergence of the above subfamily for 1 • p < ¥ . To this end, we will utilize the duality mappings and special auxiliary problems. The results are applicable to numerical analysis of various semi-linear problems.
NUMERICAL MODELLING OF THE SOUND FIELDS IN URBAN STREETS WITH DIFFUSELY REFLECTING BOUNDARIES

Abstract A radiosity-based theoretical/computer model has been developed to study the fundamental characteristics of the sound fields in urban streets resulting from diffusely reflecting boundaries, and to investigate the effectiveness of architectural changes and urban design options on noise reduction. Comparison between the theoretical prediction and the measurement in a scale model of an urban street shows very good agreement. Computations using the model in hypothetical rectangular streets demonstrate that though the boundaries are diffusely reflective, the sound attenuation along the length is significant, typically at 20–30 dB/100 m. The sound distribution in a cross-section is generally even unless the cross-section is very close to the source. In terms of the effectiveness of architectural changes and urban design options, it has been shown that over 2–4 dB extra attenuation can be obtained either by increasing boundary absorption evenly or by adding absorbent patches on the facades or the ground. Reducing building height has a similar effect. A gap between buildings can provide about 2–3 dB extra sound attenuation, especially in the vicinity of the gap. The effectiveness of air absorption on increasing sound attenuation along the length could be 3–9 dB at high frequencies. If a treatment is effective with a single source, it is also effective with multiple sources. In addition, it has been demonstrated that if the facades in a street are diffusely reflective, the sound field of the street does not change significantly whether the ground is diffusely or geometrically reflective.
A NOTE ON THE HU–HWANG–WANG CONJECTURE FOR GROUP TESTING

Abstract Hu et al. [“A boundary problem for group testing”, SIAM J. Algebraic Discrete Meth.2 (1981), 81–87] conjectured that the minimax test number to find d defectives in 3d items is 3d−1, a surprisingly difficult combinatorial problem about which very little is known. In this article we state three more conjectures and prove that they are all equivalent to the conjecture of Hu et al. Notably, as a byproduct, we also obtain an interesting upper bound for M(d,n).
Trajectory tracking control for wheeled mobile robot subject to generalized torque constraints

The trajectory tracking control problem for wheeled mobile robot (WMR) subject to generalized torque constraints is studied in this paper. First, a more general model is obtained by taking the displacement between the centre of mass of the WMR and the midpoint of the driving wheels into consideration. Then, a virtual velocity controller and a generalized torque controller are designed based on a new Lyapunov function. Due to the advantages of the new Lyapunov function, the stability of the trajectory tracking error system can be derived directly and the constraint of the initial tracking errors is removed. Less conservative conditions for tuning the controller parameters to satisfy the saturation constraints are also derived. Finally, some numerical examples are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed controllers.