Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Customization of Automatic Speech Recognition Engines for Rare Word Detection Without Costly Model Re-Training

—Thanks to Alexa, Siri or Google Assistant automatic speech recognition (ASR) has changed our daily life during the last decade. Prototypic applications in the air traffic management (ATM) domain are available. Recently pre-filling radar label entries by ASR support has reached the technology readiness level before industrialization (TRL6). However, seldom spoken and airspace related words relevant in the ATM context remain a challenge for sophisticated applications. Open-source ASR toolkits or large pre-trained models for experts – allowing to tailor ASR to new domains – can be exploited with a typical constraint on availability of certain amount of domain specific training data, i.e., typically transcribed speech for adapting acoustic and/or language models. In general, it is sufficient for a “universal” ASR engine to reliably recognize a few hundred words that form the vocabulary of the voice communications between air traffic controllers and pilots. However, for each airport some hundred dependent words that are seldom spoken need to be integrated. These challenging word entities comprise special airline designators and waypoint names like “dexon” or “burok”, which only appear in a specific region. When used, they are highly informative and thus require high recognition accuracies. Allowing plug and play customization with a minimum expert manipulation assumes that no additional training is required, i.e., fine-tuning the universal ASR. This paper presents an innovative approach to automatically integrate new specific word entities to the universal ASR system. The recognition rate of these region-specific word entities with respect to the universal ASR increases by a factor of 6.
American Journal of Surgery and Clinical Case Reports

: The transposition of great vessels (TGV) is a congenital cardiac malformation where atrioventricular concord - ance is conserved with ventriculoarterial discordance. Regard - ing the management of this pathology, surgery is the cornerstone treatment. We aimed to describe the surgical characteristics of the pediatric population with transposition of great vessels surgically
Boundary detection with a road model for occupancy grids in the curvilinear coordinate system using a downward-looking lidar sensor

Many studies using a laser scanner have been conducted in order to study the environment of vehicles in real time. The method to find the driving area using a two-dimensional lidar sensor is divided into a forward-looking lidar sensor and a downward-looking lidar sensor based on the installation method. A downward-looking lidar sensor looks at the ground, enabling it to recognize kerbs and ditches which are lower than the installation position of the sensor. However, a downward-looking lidar sensor requires pre-processing to find the road boundary. The existing sensor models cannot generate an occupancy grid map without support, as the driving area recognized through a downward-looking lidar sensor forms a circular sector shape from the sensor installation position to the road boundary. This paper proposes a road sensor model that is capable of modelling an occupancy grid. We also propose a method to generate an occupancy grid map more suitable for autonomous vehicles by presenting the occupancy grid map in curvilinear space. The proposed method was validated by an experiment at Hanyang University campus and the quantitative results obtained from that experiment. We also compared this method with three conventional sensor model methods. The experimental results show that our method performs better than the conventional methods do in terms of both visual qualities and metric qualities.
FindingsComparison between CT and MR Imaging Acute Identification of Cranial Burst Fracture:

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Scalp swelling associated with cranial burst fracture, a widely diastatic skull fracture of infants associated with dural laceration and acute cerebral extrusion, may be confused with that of a simple subgaleal hematoma. Both conditions can also be associated with hemorrhagic shock. We sought to improve the early evaluation of infants believed to have sustained cranial burst fracture by including MR imaging, since this study clearly delineates the dural-cortical interface, the site of injury. METHODS: Seven infants aged 1 through 11 months who sustained cranial burst fractures, all initially imaged with skull radiography and CT, were studied or treated from 1992 through 1996. MR imaging was obtained after resuscitation and stabilization. RESULTS: Surgery or autopsy conﬁrmed MR ﬁndings (dural laceration and extracalvarial cerebral tissue) in all seven infants. CONCLUSION: MR imaging allows early diagnosis of skull fracture associated with acute cerebral extrusion.
Bayesian Estimation of Optimal Nitrogen Rates with a Non-Normally Distributed Stochastic Plateau Function

Despite abundant literature on crop yield distributions, there is no strict agreement about functional form and distributional assumptions. This paper estimated the optimal nitrogen rates in wheat production assuming a stochastic plateau yield function with nonnormal random effects. The yield plateau parameter is assumed to be beta distributed. The parameters are estimated using a Bayesian estimation methods and a noninformative prior. The maximum likelihood method was also used to compare the results of the two approaches. The results indicate a slight difference in nitrogen recommendation, which can be associated with the fact that the Bayesian methods capture parameter uncertainty while the MLE does not.
Labor & Engenho

The study investigates the mechanisms that lead to the collection and exchange of plastic bottle refuse for its monetary value in industrial recycling and domestic use in modern Nigerian societies. We conducted a descriptive and explanatory study with 86 ecopreneurs who have worked in the plastic waste sector for at least five years. We used both qualitative and descriptive statistics to arrive at our conclusions. Seventy-four percent of respondents from various demographics collected at least one hundred pieces of used plastic per day, ninety-five percent stated that the economic and social potentials of plastic waste are expanding, and ninety-eight percent stated that PBW commerce encourages innovation and garbage recycling. The vast majority of PBW traders (87.1%) do not see their age to be a barrier, and it is equally available to both sexes (93.5%) and all generations (90%). The study indicated that businesses formed from discarded plastic bottles benefited global social, economic, and environmental conditions. Additional field research is required in other developing countries to further unravel the technical and vocational capacities for dealing with plastic bottle refuse and other plastic debris.
Fear of Positive Evaluation and Negative Affect from Inclusion in Fear of Positive Evaluation and Negative Affect from Inclusion in Cyberball Cyberball

Fear of positive evaluation (FPE) is a construct related to social anxiety that involves discomfort when receiving positive attention and feedback from others. FPE research has increased over the past decade, and results suggest that it may be an important part of social anxiety for some individuals; however, it is not yet known whether FPE may also include discomfort from being included in social situations. Level of inclusion was hypothesized to moderate the relationship between FPE and negative affect from being over included such that those with high FPE would feel more uncomfortable the more they were included. To test this hypothesis, the present study utilized Cyberball, a virtual ball-tossing game involving one human player and two computerized players. Participants were randomized to one of three conditions varying in the amount of ball tosses they received: (1) equal inclusion, (2) over inclusion, and (3) strong over inclusion. Participants played two trials of Cyberball; all participants played the equal inclusion condition during Trial 1 and the randomized experimental condition during Trial 2. A measure of FPE was collected before the first trial of Cyberball, and measures of negative affect were collected at pre-Cyberball, post-Trial 1, and post-Trial 2. As expected, a check of the study manipulation suggested a significant difference in reported feelings of inclusion between study conditions. A multiple linear regression examined
Analysis of methods for developing educational computer games

The article discusses methods for developing educational computer games and analyzes them in order to determine the main features of each method when developing such games. The key aspects of methods for developing educational computer games are presented and the features of each aspect are identified. Detailed diagrams of the components of game design development, learning concepts, interactivity and adaptability, and the use of multimedia have been constructed. A comparison of educational and entertaining computer games was made. As a result of the analysis, the main features of each method under consideration for educational computer games were identified, the main differences between educational and entertaining computer games were identified in terms of target orientation, audience covered, content, scenario and methods used. In the course of the analysis, a theoretical conclusion was made about what features of the development of each of the methods of educational computer games are the main ones and their impact on the effectiveness
Quantitative Risk Assessment and Management of National Defense Acquisition with a Game-Theoretic Security Risk Meter Tool

—Driven by the ever-increasing cost and complexity of Department of Defense (DoD) defensive weapons acquisitions and requirements as well as contracting and financial management challenges, risk assessment and management are an undeniably essential component of the defense acquisition process. Identifying and managing the vulnerabilities and threats that affect defense acquisition scientifically is critical to an efficient and cost-effective acquisition process. Failure to identify and manage these sources of risk has very real consequences ranging from schedule delays and cost overruns to project cancellation not only for U.S. but all modern nations. The Defense Acquisition Risk Meter (DARM) innovatively provides an indispensable tool for program managers, politicians and high-level decision makers, and tax payers who shoulder the burden. Using game theory and statistically-driven methodologies, DARM provides an objective, quantitative risk assessment, and unlike any other tool, a guidance for allocating and managing resources for risk mitigation. Defense Acquisition Risk from vulnerabilities, threats and countermeasures is quantified using a game-theoretic Security Risk Meter tool leading to optimally and cost-effectively manage the risk.
WATER BALANCE IN CHAO PHRAYA BASIN USING A DISTRIBUTED HYDROLOGICAL MODEL AND SATELLITE PRODUCTS

In this study, water balance estimation was demonstrated by conducting hydrological simulation using two satellite dataset; GSMAP Gauge precipitation product and MODIS_MOD16 evaporation product.At first, observed data and satellite data were collected in Chao Phraya Basin, Thailand. Secondly, a distributed hydrological model has been set up in this basin which covers over 100,000 km2. River discharge was simulated combining with dam operation in 2001-2010 after calibration. Thirdly, the relationship between two commonly used satellite products defining water balance was investigated at study area based on model outputs’. The results showedspatial distribution and seasonal, inter-annual change of water balance though it is remaining uncertainty of satellite dataset.In the future, the improvement of precision of satellite observation would enable us to calculate water balance more precisely.
Automated tooth crown design with optimized shape and biomechanics properties

Despite the large demand for dental restoration each year, the design of crown restorations is mainly performed via manual software operation, which is tedious and subjective. Moreover, the current design process lacks biomechanics optimization, leading to localized stress concentration and reduced working life. To tackle these challenges, we develop a fully automated algorithm for crown restoration based on deformable model fitting and biomechanical optimization. From a library of dental oral scans, a conditional shape model (CSM) is constructed to represent the inter-teeth shape correlation. By matching the CSM to the patient’s oral scan, the optimal crown shape is estimated to coincide with the surrounding teeth. Next, the crown is seamlessly integrated into the finish line of preparation via a surface warping step. Finally, porous internal supporting structures of the crown are generated to avoid excessive localized stresses. This algorithm is validated on clinical oral scan data and achieved less than 2 mm mean surface distance as compared to the manual designs of experienced human operators. The mechanical simulation was conducted to prove that the internal supporting structures lead to uniform stress distribution all over the model.
MARMARA DENÝZÝ DOÐUSUNDA KUZEY ANADOLU FAY HATTI ÜZERÝNDE KAROT ÇALIÞMALARI: DENÝZ SEVÝYESÝ DEÐÝÞÝMÝ VE FAY ETKÝNLÝÐÝ ÝLE ÝLGÝLÝ BULGULAR

Sediment cores BUC-10A and ÝZ-30 located on the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ), 12 km south of Buyukcekmece and Ýzmit Gulf in the eastern part of the Sea of Marmara, respectively, were studied to investigate tectonics and paleo-oceanographic processes, using sedimentological and geochemical methods. Total inorganic carbon (TIC as total calcium carbonate) and total organic carbon (TOC) contents in core BUC-10A range between 12.1-34.3 and 0.5-4.1 dry wt. %, respectively. The organic matter-rich sapropel unit was identified between 1.60 and 2.43 m below sea floor (bsf) in this core. The concentration ranges of the metals in core BUC-10A were: Cr: 55-96, Cu: 21-37, Ni: 63 39-74, Mn: 345-693, Pb: 19-34, Zn: 79-143 ppm and Fe: 2.30-3.15 dry wt. %. The concentration ranges of TOC, TIC, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Pb and Zn in core ÝZ-30 were 0.40-1.70 %, 0.25-31 %, 39-87 ppm, 13-32 ppm, % 2.10-4.80, 18-41 ppm, 315-528 ppm, 7-21 ppm and 78-185 ppm, respectively. Chalcophile element (Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb, and Zn) concentrations in cores ÝZ-30 and BUC-10A give no evidence of hydrothermal activity. A debris flow characterized in core ÝZ-30 and dated 3276±48 a (calendar) before present (BP) was most likely triggered by tectonic activity in the Ýzmit Gulf. Sediments of 49.5 mbsf palaeo- shoreline dated 9364±64 a BP was also identified in the same core from the Ýzmit Gulf.
FRAMING OF THE 2023 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS IN THE AMERICAN PRESS

Esas olarak yazılı metin üzerine inşa edilen ve aynı zamanda haber görselleri gibi tamamlayıcı unsurlarla birlikte de etkisi genişletilen ve sonucunda okuyucuya bir çeşit yönlendirici trafik levhaları gibi hizmet eden haber çerçeveleri, söylemin yaslandığı veya bir bütün olarak söylemin ana iskeletini oluşturan olarak kabul edilebilir. Çerçeveler, haber konusunun hangi bağlamda hedef kitleye aktarılacağını belirleyen anlam kalıpları olmasının yanı sıra başat toplumsal uylaşımlardan beslenerek egemen olanın lehine maddi gerçekliğin yeniden üretimine olanak sağlar. Türkiye’de gerçekleştirilen 2023 Cumhurbaşkanlığı Seçimi hakkında ABD’nin internet basınında yayınlanan haberlerde öne çıkarılan çerçeveleri çözümlemek bu çalışmanın temel amacıdır. 2023 Nisan ayı verilerine göre en çok ziyaret edilen 3 ABD merkezli haber kuruluşu The New York Times, CNN ve Fox News’in web adreslerinde mayıs ayında yayınlanan seçim konulu haberler, bu incelemede örneklem olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada içerik analizinin alternatif bir tekniği olan çerçeveleme çözümlemesi yöntem olarak tercih edilmiştir. Haber çerçevelerinin oluşturulmasında ise çerçevelerin eldeki materyallerden üretildiği tümevarım yaklaşımı esas alınmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda ekonomi, uluslararası ilişkiler, deprem, demokrasi ve ideolojik eğilimler başlıklarında 5 ortak çerçeve tespit edilmiş ve enflasyon, Türkiye’nin dış politikası ve askeri operasyonları, mağduriyet, anti-demokrasi, yanlış bilinç ise haber çerçevelerin problemleri olarak sunulmuştur. Çerçeve problemlerinin nedensel açıklamaları olarak ekonomik politikalar, Türkiye ve Rusya yakınlaşması, Finlandiya ve İsveç’in NATO üyelikleri, Türkiye’nin Suriye politikaları, otoriterlik ve ideolojiler karşımıza çıkarken seçmenin alım gücü, Türkiye’nin Batı değerlerinden kopuşu, deprem mağduru insanlar, adil olmayan seçim yarışı kavramı ve liderlerle seçmen arasındaki ideolojik bağlar, çerçevelerin ahlaki değerlendirmeleri olarak tespit edilmiştir. Çerçeveler kapsamında öne çıkan en önemli beklenti veya öneri ise politikaların ya da iktidarın değişimi olmuştur.
Identification of a Novel Target Implicated in Chronic Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Related Atrial Fibrillation by Integrative Analysis of Transcriptome and Proteome

Objective This study aimed to identify a newly identified target involved in atrial fibrillation (AF) linked to chronic obstructive sleep apnea (COSA) through an integrative analysis of transcriptome and proteome. Methods Fifteen beagle canines were randomly assigned to three groups: control (CON), obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and OSA with superior left ganglionated plexi ablation (OSA+GP). A COSA model was established by intermittently obstructing the endotracheal cannula during exhalation for 12 weeks. Left parasternal thoracotomy through the fourth intercostal space allowed for superior left ganglionated plexi (SLGP) ablation. In vivo open-chest electrophysiological programmed stimulation was performed to assess AF inducibility. Histological, transcriptomic, and proteomic analyses were conducted on atrial samples. Results After 12 weeks, the OSA group exhibited increased AF inducibility and longer AF durations compared to the CON group. Integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analyses identified 2422 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 1194 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between OSA and CON groups, as well as between OSA+GP and OSA groups (1850 DEGs and 1418 DEPs). The analysis revealed that differentially regulated DEGs were primarily enriched in mitochondrial biological processes in the CON-vs.-OSA and OSA-vs.-GP comparisons. Notably, the key regulatory molecule GSTZ1 was activated in OSA and inhibited by GP ablation. Conclusion These findings suggest that GSTZ1 may play a pivotal role in mitochondrial damage, triggering AF substrate formation, and increasing susceptibility to AF in the context of COSA.
Study on the current population and habitat of the wild Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis)

A survey of wild Chinese Alligator was conducted from July to August 1999 and from August to September 2000 by direct counting after dark (2000pm) using headlamps or a 12v portable spotlight. At each site visited, the authors mapped the ponds using laser rangefinder and compass, characterized the physical nature of the ponds and vegetation, and conducted interviews with local residents. The location of all sites was recorded using a hand held GPS. There are 26 sites in 5 counties that were surveyed where wild Chinese Alligators still exist in Anhui province, including 13 designated conservation sites of the National Chinese Alligator Reserve. The current wild alligator populations mainly exist in the best type of habitat, which totals 17.4 ha with estimated populations of 50.7% in 1999 and 40.0% in 2000. This can be compared with the other two types of habitat, which total 22.0 ha and 19.0 ha, with their estimated population numbers of 24.0% in 1999 and 30.9% in 2000, and 25.3% in 1999 and 29.1% in 2000 respectively. The average ecological densities of the alligators in the two years were 1.3 ind. /ha and 1.8 ind. /ha, with an estimated population of 145 individuals. However, the population has been evidently divided into 18 isolated small local populations with different numbers of individuals. We suggest that habitat should be restored and captive reared alligators should be reintroduced into the area to rebuild a viable population.
A Low Complexity Estimator of Hyperbolic Frequency Modulated Signals

The primary purpose of this letter is to propose a low complexity estimator of the hyperbolic frequency modulated (HFM) signal. A novel approximation expression for the spectrum of HFM signals is derived. It surpasses the conventional approximation formula in terms of accuracy and reveals that phase parameters determine the amplitude spectrum peak of the HFM signal. Consequently, by using this characteristic, we can directly obtain coarse parameter estimation by locating the peak of the amplitude spectrum. The result is then refined to approach the Cramér-Rao lower bound. Since the proposed method eliminates the grid search process required by many existing estimators, it reduces computational complexity. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method has a signal-to-noise-ratio threshold that is only 2 dB worse than the state-of-the-art method, but it is the least expensive to compute.
Dopaminergic Projections from the Hypothalamic A11 Nucleus to the Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus Are Involved in Bidirectional Migraine Modulation

Clinical imaging studies have revealed that the hypothalamus is activated in migraine patients prior to the onset of and during headache and have also shown that the hypothalamus has increased functional connectivity with the spinal trigeminal nucleus. The dopaminergic system of the hypothalamus plays an important role, and the dopamine-rich A11 nucleus may play an important role in migraine pathogenesis. We used intraperitoneal injections of glyceryl trinitrate to establish a model of acute migraine attack and chronicity in mice, which was verified by photophobia experiments and von Frey experiments. We explored the A11 nucleus and its downstream pathway using immunohistochemical staining and neuronal tracing techniques. During acute migraine attack and chronification, c-fos expression in GABAergic neurons in the A11 nucleus was significantly increased, and inhibition of DA neurons was achieved by binding to GABA A-type receptors on the surface of dopaminergic neurons in the A11 nucleus. However, the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and glutamic acid decarboxylase proteins in the A11 nucleus of the hypothalamus did not change significantly. Specific destruction of dopaminergic neurons in the A11 nucleus of mice resulted in severe nociceptive sensitization and photophobic behavior. The expression levels of the D1 dopamine receptor and D2 dopamine receptor in the caudal part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus candalis of the chronic migraine model were increased. Skin nociceptive sensitization of mice was slowed by activation of the D2 dopamine receptor in SP5C, and activation of the D1 dopamine receptor reversed this behavioral change. GABAergic neurons in the A11 nucleus were activated and exerted postsynaptic inhibitory effects, which led to a decrease in the amount of DA secreted by the A11 nucleus in the spinal trigeminal nucleus candalis. The reduced DA bound preferentially to the D2 dopamine receptor, thus exerting a defensive effect against headache.