Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The PRINCIPAL Network: A Model to Optimize Infection Care and Prevention in Pediatric Oncology in the Latin American Region

PURPOSE Children with cancer are at high risk for poor outcomes, and health care providers are often unfamiliar with best practices in infection care and prevention (IC&P) in this small and fragile population. Graduates of training courses in IC&P in immunocompromised hosts identified a need for a community that would enable members to share health care experiences, provide resources for continuing medical education, and foster collaborative research and quality improvement opportunities. We developed a Latin American network, Prevencionistas e Infectólogos para Cáncer Pediátrico en América Latina, to grow and sustain the expertise of the clinical workforce in IC&P. Here, we describe the network, how we built it, and its early outcomes. METHODS We began by codesigning the mission, vision, objectives, and values. We then established the structure for leadership and network management to provide a functional uniformity and sustainability. Virtual meetings with network members and strategic in-person gatherings optimized the use of the time and resources of the network. RESULTS The network has seen good participation by members and candidates for membership, who have provided feedback on case-based learning. Members have attended training sessions on quality improvement, research in human subjects, and IC&P in pediatric oncology at national and regional meetings and workshops. Network members have presented their work at regional and global meetings, and publications are beginning to emerge from this community. A direct effect of the Prevencionistas e Infectólogos para Cáncer Pediátrico en América Latina network has been the creation of a similar network for the Asia Pacific region, and a third network is being planned. CONCLUSION We have demonstrated the power of a discipline-specific network structure to facilitate sharing of evidence-based information that enhances the quality-of-care delivery in pediatric oncology.
Shortwave Direction and Spreading Measured with HF Radar

AbstractThe accuracy of wave direction and spreading at the Bragg-matched wavelength measured with HF radar over a wide range of HF operating frequencies is demonstrated by comparison with buoy data. The agreement for shortwave direction is better than that obtained for wind direction, which has been the more common application of this measurement, because these waves are not always aligned with the wind direction, particularly in short fetch and low wind speed situations. The method assumes a model of shortwave directionality and the validity of this is explored by using the buoy Fourier coefficients, with inconclusive results. The radar measurements do not use the linear dispersion relationship, but the comparison with buoy data does, and the implications of this are discussed.
Zinc Finger Protein BCL11A Contributes to the Abortive Infection of Hirame novirhabdovirus (HIRRV) in B Lymphocytes of Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

HIRRV is a fish rhabdovirus that is considered as an important pathogen threatening the fish farming industry represented by flounder because of its high infectivity and fatality rate. To date, research toward understanding the complex pathogenic mechanism of HIRRV is still in its infancy and faces many challenges. ABSTRACT Hirame novirhabdovirus (HIRRV) infection is characterized by a pronounced viremia, and the high viral load is typically detected in immune-related organs and the circulatory system. In the present study, we demonstrated that HIRRV has the capacity to invade part of flounder membrane-bound IgM (mIgM+) B lymphocyte. Eight quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) standard curves involving HIRRV genomic RNA (gRNA), cRNA, and six mRNAs were established based on the strand-specific reverse transcription performed with tagged primers. It was revealed that viral RNA synthesis, especially the replication of gRNA, was inhibited in B cells, and the intracellular HIRRV even failed to produce infectious viral particles. Moreover, a range of genes with nucleic acid binding activity or related to viral infection were screened out based on the transcriptome analysis of HIRRV-infected B cells, and five molecules were further selected because of their different expression patterns in HIRRV-infected B cells and hirame natural embryo (HINAE) cells. The overexpression of these genes followed by HIRRV infection and RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay revealed that the flounder B cell lymphoma/leukemia 11A (BCL11A), a highly conserved zinc finger transcription factor, is able to inhibit the proliferation of HIRRV by binding with full-length viral RNA mainly via its zinc finger domains at the C terminus. In conclusion, these data indicated that the high transcriptional activity of BCL11A in flounder mIgM+ B lymphocytes is a crucial factor for the abortive infection of HIRRV, and our findings provide new insights into the interaction between HIRRV and teleost B cells. IMPORTANCE HIRRV is a fish rhabdovirus that is considered as an important pathogen threatening the fish farming industry represented by flounder because of its high infectivity and fatality rate. To date, research toward understanding the complex pathogenic mechanism of HIRRV is still in its infancy and faces many challenges. Exploration of the relationship between HIRRV and its target cells is interesting and necessary. Here, we revealed that flounder mIgM+ B cells are capable of suppressing viral RNA synthesis and result in an unproductive infection of HIRRV. In addition, our results demonstrated that zinc finger protein BCL11A, a transcription factor in B cells, is able to suppress the replication of HIRRV. These findings increased our understanding of the underlying characteristics of HIRRV infection and revealed a novel antiviral mechanism against HIRRV based on the host restriction factor in teleost B cells, which sheds new light on the research into HIRRV control.
Forty years of investment in HIV research: progress towards ending the HIV pandemic and preparation for future pandemics

Received 27 October 2022; Accepted 7 November 2022 Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Journal of the International AIDS Society published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the International AIDS Society. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Sequential application of small molecule therapy enhances chondrogenesis and angiogenesis in murine segmental defect bone repair

The increasing incidence of physiologic/pathologic conditions that impair the otherwise routine healing of endochondral bone fractures and the occurrence of severe bone injuries necessitate novel approaches to enhance clinically challenging bone fracture repair. To promote the healing of nonunion fractures, we tested an approach that used two small molecules to sequentially enhance cartilage development and conversion to the bone in the callus of a murine femoral segmental defect nonunion model of bone injury. Systemic injections of smoothened agonist 21k (SAG21k) were used to stimulate chondrogenesis through the activation of the sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway early in bone repair, while injections of the prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD)2 inhibitor, IOX2, were used to stimulate hypoxia signaling‐mediated endochondral bone formation. The expression of SHH pathway genes and Phd2 target genes was increased in chondrocyte cell lines in response to SAG21k and IOX2 treatment, respectively. The segmental defect responded to sequential systemic administration of these small molecules with increased chondrocyte expression of PTCH1, GLI1, and SOX9 in response to SAG and increased expression of hypoxia‐induced factor‐1α and vascular endothelial growth factor‐A in the defect tissues in response to IOX2. At 6 weeks postsurgery, the combined SAG–IOX2 therapy produced increased bone formation in the defect with the bony union over the injury. Clinical significance: This therapeutic approach was successful in promoting cartilage and bone formation within a critical‐size segmental defect and established the utility of a sequential small molecule therapy for the enhancement of fracture callus development in clinically challenging bone injuries.
Audit lead selection and yield prediction from historical tax data using artificial neural networks

Tax audits are a crucial process adopted in all tax departments to ensure tax compliance and fairness. Traditionally, tax audit leads have been selected based on empirical rules and randomization methods, which are not adaptive, may miss major cases and can introduce bias. Here, we present an audit lead tool based on artificial neural networks that have been trained and evaluated on an integrated dataset of 93,413 unique tax records from 8,647 restaurant businesses over 10 years in the Northern California, provided by the California Department of Tax and Fee Administration (CDTFA). The tool achieved a 40.1% precision and 58.7% recall (F1-score of 0.42) on classifying positive audit leads, and the corresponding regressor provided estimated audit gains (MAE of $155,490). Finally, we evaluated the statistical significance of various empirical rules for use in lead selection, with two out of five being supported by the data. This work demonstrates how data can be leveraged for creating evidence-based models of audit selection and validating empirical hypotheses, resulting in higher audit yields and more fair audit selection processes.
Prevalence and factors associated with pressure injury in patients undergoing open heart surgery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Pressure injuries (PIs) are one of the major and costliest medical problems with severe implications for patients. Cardiovascular surgery patients are at the higher risk of developing surgery‐related PIs. So this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the prevalence and factors associated with PIs in patients undergoing open heart surgery. We identified articles through electronic databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest; and Persian Databases: SID, Magiran and Irandoc without restriction on language or publication period (from inception through June 2022). Finally, 17 studies that fulfilled eligibility criteria were included in final systematic review and meta‐analysis. Data analyses were conducted using STATA version 14. The pooled prevalence of PI in patients undergoing open heart surgery was 24.06% (95% CI: 17.85–30.27). High heterogeneity was observed across the included studies (I2 = 96.0, P < 0.000). The prevalence by gender was reported as 25.19% (95% CI: 13.45–36.93) in men and 33.36% (95 CI%: 19.99–46.74) in women. The result showed there was statistically significant association between PI and Female sex (Pooled Est: 1.551, 95% CI: 1.199–2.006, z = 3.345, P = 0.001), diabetes (Pooled Est: 1.985, 95% CI: 1.383–2.849, z = 3.719, P = 0.000), advanced age (SMD: 0.33 years; 95% CI: 0.09–0.57), Duration of surgery (SMD: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.19–0.75) and preoperative serum albumin level (SMD: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.14–0.98). The relatively high PIs incidence among patients undergoing open heart surgery suggests that typical PI prevention methods are insufficient for this population. Targeted prevention measures must be developed and implemented.
Child pedestrian, drowning and burn mortality in Johannesburg

Abstract The study examined the extent, demographics and risks for child pedestrian, burns and drowning mortality in Johannesburg. Information on the demographics, scene and temporal circumstances for childhood injury deaths from 2000 to 2010 was gleaned from the National Injury Mortality Surveillance System. Descriptive statistical methods were used. The study recorded 756 pedestrian (8.7/100,000), 439 drowning (5.1/100,000), and 399 burn injury deaths (4.6/100,000) among children aged 0–14 years. Male children were the main victims, with male-to-female ratios of 2.3 for drowning, 1.7 for pedestrian and 1.2 for burn mortality. The pattern of child mortality differed across age groups with older children recording higher rates for pedestrian deaths and younger children higher rates for the non-traffic deaths. Pedestrian and burn mortality especially affected black children, while drowning affected both black and white children. The time, day and month of greatest injury mortality varied by injury cause, with e.g. pedestrian mortality common in afternoons and evenings, weekends, and dispersed across the year although increasing towards year end. The study highlighted the salience of differentiating risks for childhood injuries by discrete external cause for purposes of informing prevention responses.
Prognostic factors and outcomes in women with breast cancer in Slovenia in relation to step-wise implementation of organized screening

Introduction The aim of organized breast cancer screening is early detection and reduction in mortality. Organized screening should promote equal access and reduce socio-economic inequalities. In Slovenia, organized breast cancer screening achieved complete coverage in 11-years’ time. We explored whether step-wise implementation reflects in prognostic factors (earlier diagnosis and treatment) and survival of breast cancer patients in our population. Methods Using population-based cancer registry and screening registry data on breast cancer cases from 2008–2018, we compared stage distribution and mean time to surgical treatment in (A) women who underwent at least one mammography in the organized screening programme, women who received at least one invitation but did not undergo mammography and women who did not receive any screening invitation, and in (B) women who were invited to organized screening and those who were not. We also compared net survival by stage in different groups of women according to their screening programme status. Results Women who underwent at least one mammography in organized screening had lower disease stage at diagnosis. Time-to-treatment analysis showed mean time to surgery was shortest in women not included in organized screening (all stages = 36.0 days vs. 40.3 days in women included in organized screening). This could be due to quality assurance protocols with an obligatory multidisciplinary approach within the organized screening vs. standard treatment pathways which can vary in different (smaller) hospitals. Higher standard of care in screening is reflected in better survival in women included in organized screening (5-years net survival for regional stage: at least one mammography in the screening programme– 96%; invitation, but no mammography– 87.4%; no invitation or mammography in the screening programme– 82.6%). Conclusion Our study, which is one of the first in central European countries, shows that introduction of organized screening has temporary effects on population cancer burden indicators already during roll-out period, which should therefore be as short as possible.
Early-life starvation alters lipid metabolism in adults to cause developmental pathology in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Early-life malnutrition increases adult disease risk in humans, but the causal changes in gene regulation, signaling, and metabolism are unclear. In the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans, early-life starvation causes well-fed larvae to develop germline tumors and other gonad abnormalities as adults. Furthermore, reduced insulin/IGF signaling (IIS) during larval development suppresses these starvation-induced abnormalities. How early-life starvation and IIS affect adult pathology is unknown. We show that early-life starvation has pervasive effects on adult gene expression that are largely reversed by reduced IIS following recovery from starvation. Early-life starvation increases adult fatty-acid synthetase fasn-1 expression in daf-2 IIS receptor-dependent fashion, and fasn-1/FASN promotes starvation-induced abnormalities. Lipidomic analysis reveals increased levels of phosphatidylcholine in adults subjected to early-life starvation, and supplementation with unsaturated phosphatidylcholine during development suppresses starvation-induced abnormalities. Genetic analysis of fatty-acid desaturases reveals positive and negative effects of desaturation on development of starvation-induced abnormalities. In particular, the ω3 fatty-acid desaturase fat-1 and the Δ5 fatty-acid desaturase fat-4 inhibit and promote development of abnormalities, respectively. fat-4 is epistatic to fat-1, suggesting that arachidonic acid (ARA)-containing lipids promote development of starvation-induced abnormalities, and supplementation with ARA enhanced development of abnormalities. This work shows that early-life starvation and IIS converge on regulation of adult lipid metabolism, affecting stem-cell proliferation and tumor formation.
Reinforcement Learning for Multi-Truck Vehicle Routing Problems

Vehicle routing problems and other combinatorial optimization problems have been approximately solved by reinforcement learning agents with policies based on encoder-decoder models with attention mechanisms. These techniques are of substantial interest but still cannot solve the complex routing problems that arise in a realistic setting which can have many trucks and complex requirements. With the aim of making reinforcement learning a viable technique for supply chain optimization, we develop new extensions to encoder-decoder models for vehicle routing that allow for complex supply chains using classical computing today and quantum computing in the future. We make two major generalizations. First, our model allows for routing problems with multiple trucks. Second, we move away from the simple requirement of having a truck deliver items from nodes to one special depot node, and instead allow for a complex tensor demand structure. We show how our model, even if trained only for a small number of trucks, can be embedded into a large supply chain to yield viable solutions.
Improved spectral projection estimates

We obtain new improved spectral projection estimates on manifolds of non-positive curvature, including sharp ones for relatively large spectral windows for general tori. Our results are stronger than those in an earlier work of the first and third authors [6], and the arguments have been greatly simplified. We more directly make use of pointwise estimates that are implicit in the work of Berard [2] and avoid the use of weak-type spaces that were used in the previous works [6] and [22]. We also simplify and strengthen the bilinear arguments by exploiting the use of microlocal $L^2\to L^{q_c}$ Kakeya-Nikodym estimates and avoiding the of $L^2\to L^2$ ones as in earlier results. This allows us to prove new results for manifolds of negative curvature and some new sharp estimates for tori. We also have new and improved techniques in two dimensions for general manifolds of non-positive curvature.
Maximum a posteriori approach to 2.5D image reconstruction using Laplacian-Gaussian mixture model

This paper explored the issue of separating illumination from 2D human face images. A novel statistical approach is introduced which is based on seeking maximum possibility of independency between illumination and object shape at the extreme case where the number of observation is less than the number of input images. It allows only two images of an individual under different illumination conditions via the same view point to be applied, which breaks the lower boundary condition of the least input number of images in classical photometric stereo. The proposed mathematical framework is formulated using the Bayesian statistics and the parameters are estimated using the maximum a posteriori (MAP) approach. A novel Laplacian-Gaussian mixture model (LGMM) is developed to model the noisy captured images. This model enhances the parameter estimation accuracy while reduces the overall computational complexity. In addition, the ambiguity of generalized Bas-relief transformation is resolved due to the uniqueness of 'statistical independent' solution rendered by the proposed approach.
Neutron detection and application with a novel 3D-projection scintillator tracker in the future long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments

Neutrino oscillation experiments require a precise measurement of the neutrino energy. However, the kinematic detection of the final-state neutron in the neutrino interaction is missing in current neutrino oscillation experiments. The missing neutron kinematic detection results in a feed-down of the detected neutrino energy compared to the true neutrino energy. A novel 3D\textcolor{black}{-}projection scintillator tracker, which consists of roughly ten million active cubes covered with an optical reflector, is capable of measuring the neutron kinetic energy and direction on an event-by-event basis using the time-of-flight technique thanks to the fast timing, fine granularity, and high light yield. The $\bar{\nu}_{\mu}$ interactions tend to produce neutrons in the final state. By inferring the neutron kinetic energy, the $\bar{\nu}_{\mu}$ energy can be reconstructed better, allowing a tighter incoming neutrino flux constraint. This paper shows the detector's ability to reconstruct neutron kinetic energy and the $\bar{\nu}_{\mu}$ flux constraint achieved by selecting the charged-current interactions without mesons or protons in the final state.
Ho:Tm lasers. II. Experiments

For pt.I see ibid., vol.32, no.1, pp.92-103 (1996). Laser performance of Ho:Tm:YLF and Ho:Tm:YAG lasers are compared under a wide variety of experimental situations. Laser diode pumping is simulated using a Cr:BeAl/sub 2/O/sub 4/ laser tuned to the absorption peak of the Tm/sup 3/H/sub 4/ manifold for the respective laser material. Laser performance is characterized by experimentally determining the threshold and slope efficiency, and compared with predicted results of a rate equation model developed in the companion paper. Energy transfer parameters for the rate equation model are calculated using the theory developed in that paper. For these experiments, four different pump pulselengths, six different output mirror reflectivities, different Ho concentrations and different length laser materials were evaluated. Using Ho:Tm:YAG an optical slope efficiency of 0.36 was achieved while with Ho:Tm:YLF an optical slope efficiency of 0.50 was reached.
Findings of the WMT 2022 Shared Task on Translation Suggestion

We report the result of the first edition of the WMT shared task on Translation Suggestion (TS). The task aims to provide alternatives for specific words or phrases given the entire documents generated by machine translation (MT). It consists two sub-tasks, namely, the naive translation suggestion and translation suggestion with hints. The main difference is that some hints are provided in sub-task two, therefore, it is easier for the model to generate more accurate suggestions. For sub-task one, we provide the corpus for the language pairs English-German and English-Chinese. And only English-Chinese corpus is provided for the sub-task two.We received 92 submissions from 5 participating teams in sub-task one and 6 submissions for the sub-task 2, most of them covering all of the translation directions. We used the automatic metric BLEU for evaluating the performance of each submission.