Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling, Prototyping and Testing of Regenerative Electromagnetic Shock Absorber

It is well fact known that automobiles are inefficient, wasting over 74% of energy stored in fuel as a heat. One important loss is the dissipation of vibration energy by shock absorbers in the vehicle suspension under the excitation of road irregularity and vehicle acceleration or deceleration. In this paper we design, characterize and test a regenerative electromagnetic shock absorber which can effectively recover the vibration from the road irregularity. Regeneration energy is main purpose of the design without omit vehicle comfort and handling. The dynamic model of the entire system of the electromagnetic shock absorber was proposed and described. The performance of the electric shock absorber obtained from simulations was compared toward the experiment results. Refers to the simulation, a quarter car will be able to harvest 45 Watt average power while passing C class roads with 50 km/h vehicle speed. A peak power of 45 Watt and average power of 11.43 Watt are attained from the prototype when oscillating speed of bench test at 0.1 m/s, the RMS value of suspension velocity when vehicle pass C class road with speed 50 km/h.
PMSM servo‐drive control system with a state feedback and a load torque feedforward compensation

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss the design and verification of a non‐classical structure of servo‐drive controller with the state feedback and a load torque feedforward compensation.Design/methodology/approach – First a well known nonlinear mathematical model of a PMSM is transformed into a linear form by introducing new variables. The state space new model presented in rotated orthogonal reference frame is decoupled by means of equation in d and q axis. To achieve correct dynamic performance of the servo‐drive system the state feedback with an internal input model and load torque feedforward compensation is proposed. The observed load torque has been used as an input signal for the feedforward compensator. The design of the control system and simulation analysis were performed in Matlab/Simulink. The proposed control algorithm was implemented in a DSP controller (TMS320F2812). The experiments were carried out by using a 0.6 kW PMSM drive system.Findings – It is shown that the proposed c.
Privilege Lost

One in two white youth born into the upper-middle class will fall from it. Drawing upon 10 years of longitudinal interviews with over 100 American youth, this book shows which upper-middle-class youth are most likely to fall, how they fall, and why they do not see it coming. The book shows that upper-middle-class youth inherit different amounts of academic knowledge, institutional insights, and money from their parents. Those raised with more of these resources enter class reproduction pathways, while those raised with fewer of these resources enter downwardly mobile paths. Of course, upper-middle-class youth whose families give them few resources could switch courses by acquiring these resources from their community. They rarely do. Instead, they internalize identities that reflect their resource weaknesses and encourage them to maintain them. Those who fall are then youth raised with resource weaknesses, and they fall by internalizing identities that discourage them from gaining more resources. They are often surprised by their downward mobility as they observed other time periods in which their resources and identities kept them or their parents in their social class.
A Construction of Landscape Evaluation Indicator System for the Urban Comprehensive Park Based on the Theory about Three Elements

In order to evaluate landscape of the urban comprehensive park scientifically, landscape elements of the comprehensive park were analyzed by using the landscape theory about three elements. Landscape evaluation indicators were chose preliminarily from three aspects- aesthetics, ecological environment and function, and were filtered and optimized by probability statistics analyzing survey data to experts and the public. Landscape evaluation indicator system for the urban comprehensive park was constructed, which could provide base for Landscape evaluation.
Practical Case Application for Stress Model Validation and Enhancement by Means of Metrological Tools

Models consider ideal and simplified situations that will never be met in the real case. The process of comparing model predictions and experimental observation is in the basis of scientific research. This comparison is however complicated because of the uncertainties of the model input data and the difficulty to control the accuracy of the tests and to obtain a significant statistical sampling. Moreover, there isn't yet a consensus on a validation parameter. This paper presents a three‐step validation procedure that allows quantifying the application limits of a two‐dimensional stress model in a three‐dimensional situation. A global uncertainty model is calculated comprising the uncertainty of the model and also the uncertainty coming from the experimental results. The EN number, a statistical magnitude for interlaboratory comparisons, is used to analyse the compatibility between the experimental and theoretical results. Finally, a bootstrapping method is proposed to calculate the coverage interval of the sampling and determine if new experiments should be carried out. Numerical results of this new validation procedure are provided for the case under study. It is also demonstrated that the computed uncertainty budget can be a useful tool to enhance the two‐dimensional model by enlarging its uncertainty limits.
CORRELATION STUDIES ON AN RC FRAME SHAKING-TABLE SPECIMEN

SUMMARY This paper presents the correlation of the results of a new model for the dynamic analysis of reinforced concrete (RC) frames with the experimental time history of a two storey RC frame shaking-table specimen. The frame member model consists of separate subelements that describe the deformations due to flexure, shear and bond slip in RC structural elements. The subelements are combined by superposition of flexibility matrices to form the frame element. A non-linear solution method which accounts for the unbalance of internal forces between di⁄erent subelements during a given load increment is used with the model. The ability of the proposed model to describe the dynamic response of frame structures under earthquake excitations is evaluated by comparing the analytical results with experimental evidence from a twostorey, one bay reinforced concrete frame tested on the shaking-table. The model parameters for the shaking-table specimen are derived from available experimental evidence and first principles of reinforced concrete. The e⁄ect of reinforcing bar slip on the local and global dynamic response of the test structure is assessed. ( 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of Rotor Inter-Turn Short-Circuit on Generator Rotor Force

This paper analyzes the calculation method of unbalanced electromagnetic force by rotor winding inter-turn short-circuit fault, analytical calculating method neglects saturation, cogging and other factors, so the calculation accuracy is not high, in order to accurately calculate the magnetic field and the unbalanced electromagnetic force, this paper propose to analyze generator magnetic field by a finite element software Ansys, the obtained magnetic field data are further used to analyze the distributed electromagnetic force and the total force that generator rotor suffered, electromagnetic force distribution law of different slots, different levels of inter-turn short-circuit are got, which provide a basis for further studying the full force on generator rotor.
Adaptive partial-forward scheme for half-duplex relay system

A partial-forward scheme for the half-duplex relay system is proposed, which transmits only a part of codewords by considering code and channel characteristics at the relay. Specifically, two partial cooperation schemes, decode-and-partial-forward and amplify-and-partial-forward schemes are considered and to overcome the shortcomings of these schemes an adaptive partial-forward scheme is proposed which can be flexibly applied according to the given environment. Also, the criteria on how to select a part of the codeword bits at the relay are derived. Furthermore, the optimisation of the time-division parameters to obtain the performance improvement is investigated.
Laser machining for smooth continuous 3-D contouring for micro airflow blades

This paper describes an innovative excimer laser fabrication approach for profiling optimally smooth airflow contours. The research merit of the process is its use in producing a new type of electrical transducer micro-turbine using a novel axial format. The necessary micro-machining precision for this was achieved by computer-controlling a laser beam using an elevating stage to step a moving mask across a fixed mask, i.e. a variant of dynamic mask-dragging or mask-aperturing. The moving mask image was projected on to a series of flat 600 μm wide, 1000 μm deep preform surfaces, reducing each to 50 μm thickness with curvature. Precise control of each mask increment to ablation depth and focus allowed a range of 3-D curves to be realized. The ablation rate versus surface quality was optimized throughout by ablating just 300 nm per laser pulse and using 2000 pulses spread over 90 sites. The process represents a cost effective means of using basic masks to continuously shape flat surfaces in the axial direction with high aspect ratios, high speed and precision, and is applicable to both micro streamlining and the manufacture of micro expansion nozzles.
Capital investments, tourist tax and tourism development: The case study of Armenia

Tourism receives money from people and places, but it gives back very little. In this case many countries apply tourist tax, which tourists pay while staying at hotels. The collected money is used for financing tourism development projects. The correlation is made between some factors of tourism, which shows that many factors contribute to tourism development. The regression model was created which shows that tourism contribution to GDP will be changed depending on capital investments in tourism, government spending on tourism, international arrivals and receipts from international arrivals. The article proposes applying tourist tax in Armenia, and money from it is offered to be spent on different programs for tourism development: tourism marketing, branding, investments in tourism infrastructures, etc. The survey done in the article shows that tourists mainly agree with the application of this tax and they indicate the necessity of using the gathered money more effectively. The cross tabulation and Pearson Chi Square analysis show that tourists who think that applying tourist tax in Armenian hotels is a good step for raising money for this sector development, will continue to stay at hotels if the tourist tax at the rates of 1-3% is applied.
Recent advances in the rational design of 2D MXenes in energy conversion and storage systems

The most encouraging prospect of energy storage gadgets is batteries and supercapacitors to overcome the need for energy. The environmental problems presently captivate a huge interest in scientific awareness. The improvement of two‐dimensional (2D) profoundly effective cathode materials is the way to new research in the fields of energy transformation as well as energy storage devices. MXenes, another fascinating group of 2D transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbo‐nitrides has gained impressive consideration because of their phenomenal properties like high electrical conductivity, hydrophilic nature, magnificent thermal strength, huge interlayer separation, effectively tunable construction, and high surface area. In this review, various MXenes synthesis courses utilizing distinctive materials for example, hydrofluoric acid, ammonium hydrazine, lithium fluoride, and hydrochloric acid have been discussed. Additionally, different combinations of MXenes with the leading polymers are still there and should have been investigated. Potential applications of MXenes have also been discussed in perspective of energy harvesting. MXenes have been proved as promising candidates to resolve energy crisis because of their pre‐eminent applications in batteries, supercapacitors, and cells. MXenes have also been used for carbon dioxide reduction and hydrogen production.
Elderly Females Fall More From Heights but Males Survive Less: Insights from an American Level 1 Trauma Center

Background Approximately one third of subjects ≥65 year old and half of subjects ≥80 years old sustain a fall injury each year. We aimed to study the outcomes of fall from a height (FFH) among elderly. We hypothesized that in an elderly population, fall-related injury and mortality are the same in both genders. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted between January 2012 and December 2016 in patients who sustained fall injury at age of at least 60 years and were admitted into a Level 1 Trauma center. Patients were divided into 3 groups: Gp-I: 60-69, Gp-II: 70-79 and Gp-III: ≥80 years old. Data were analyzed and compared using Chi-square, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and logistic regression analysis tests. Results Forty-three percent (3665/8528) of adult trauma patients had FFH and 2181 (59.5%) were ≥ 60 years old and 52% were women. The risk of fall increased with age with an Odd ratio (OR) 1.52 for age 70-79 and an OR 3.40 for ≥80. Females fell 1.2 times more (age-adjusted OR 1.24; 95% CI 1.05-1.45) and 47% of ≥80 years old suffered FFH. Two-thirds of FFH occurred at a height ≤1 meter. Injury severity (ISS, NISS and GCS) were worse in Gp-II, lower extremities max Abbreviated Injury score (max AIS) was higher in Gp-III. Overall mortality was 8.7% (Gp-I 3.6% vs. 11.3% in Gp-II and 14% in Gp- III). Males showed higher mortality than females in the entire age groups (Gp-I: 4.6% vs 1%, Gp-II: 12.9% vs 4.2% and Gp-III: 17.3% vs 6.9% respectively). On multivariate analysis, shock index (OR 3.80; 95% CI 1.27-11.33) and male gender (OR 2.70; 95% CI 1.69-4.16) were independent predictors of mortality. Conclusions Fall from a height is more common in elderly female patients, but male patients have worse outcomes. Preventive measures for falls at home still are needed for the elderly of both genders.
Circulating and Renal Endothelin-1 Expression Lead to Glomerular Impairment in High Fat-Induced Diet Wistar Rats

Objective: This study aimed to determinelevels of expression ET-1 in serum and renal tissue associated with changes in kidney structure. Method: The rats were divided into two groups. The Obese group was given a high-fat-induced diet chow and a standard diet chow for the control group. ET-1 protein expression and localization in the glomerulus of the kidney were examined. The serum of blood checked for ET-Iusing ELISA method and assessed the ET-1 expression of the glomeruliby Immunohistochemistry (IHC). Mesangial expansion is an indicator to evaluate the degree of glomerular damage by Periodic Acid–Schiff(PAS staining). Associations between the immunoreactivity for ET-1 in glomeruli and the degree of kidney injury were examined. Results: Lee Index was significantly higher in the obese group than in the control group (p<0.05). ET-1 immunoreactivity was considerably higher in the obese group than the control rat. It was a strong correlation with enhancingmesangial expansion glomeruli using PAS staining of the renal tissue (rs=0.765; p = 0.001). Contrast to ET-1 levels in the serum revealed no significant in obese rat groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: These data confirm the role of ET-1 will provide changes in the levels of glomeruli impairment, but serum levels may well fail to reflect the local expression at the tissue level.
The Challenges Facing Staff Development In Promoting Quality Online Teaching.

This article describes the evolution of an academic professional development program, related to the use of WebCT in teaching programs, and discusses the challenges that have arisen for the members of the staff development team since the original implementation of the program. The training program begins with face-to-face workshops, covering pedagogical issues as well as technical and practical aspects of the software. The workshop series has matured in its format and content in response to staff requirements and demands, as well as software upgrades. This article describes the ongoing evolution of the workshop program, and discusses the changes the staff developer role has undergone, in relation to strategic provision of support for academic staff and contributions to organisational policy development.
Implementation of Likhachev’s Model into a Finite Element Program

Shape memory alloys have become very popular over the past few decades, mainly as actuators or superelastic devices. Their complex behavior complicates the design process of these applications, and several models have been developed to assist design engineers in this endeavor. One of these models, the structure-analytical theory proposed by Likhachev, is particularly attractive because it is physically grounded and capable of dealing with tensorial stress and strain states. Unfortunately, its stress-controlled formulation has hindered its implementation in displacement-based finite element programs. This paper presents an adaptation of Likhachev’s model leading to a strain-controlled formulation based on an iterative algorithm and a proportional controller. The resulting model is implemented in ANSYS and a simple finite element analysis is carried out to illustrate its appropriate functioning.
Observability Analysis for MAUVs Cooperative Navigation System Based on Moving Long Baseline

This paper addresses the observability problem of 2D Multiple Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (MAUVs) cooperative navigation system. We derive the conditions to keep the local weak observability of navigation system using the Lie derivatives, and characterize the unobservable trajectories of AUVs. We design a series of simulation experiments using the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) to verify the theoretical results. Finally, the simulation results show that the good performance of navigation system can be presented if avoiding the unobservable trajectories of AUVs.
Aerodynamic Performance Prediction of Straight-Bladed Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Based on CFD

Numerical simulation had become an attractive method to carry out researches on structure design and aerodynamic performance prediction of straight-bladed vertical axis wind turbine, while the prediction accuracy was the major concern of CFD. Based on the present two-dimensional CFD model, a series of systematic investigations were conducted to analyze the effects of computational domain, grid number, near-wall grid, and time step on prediction accuracy. And then efforts were devoted into prediction and analysis of the overall flow field, dynamic performance of blades, and its aerodynamic forces. The calculated results agree well with experimental data, and it demonstrates that RNG k-ε turbulent model is great to predict the tendency of aerodynamic forces but with a high estimate value of turbulence viscosity coefficient. Furthermore, the calculated tangential force is more dependent on near-wall grid and prediction accuracy is poor within the region with serious dynamic stall. In addition, blades experience mild and deep stalls at low tip speed ratio, and thus the leading edge separation vortex and its movement on the airfoil surface have a significant impact on the aerodynamic performance.
Eficiência de sistemas alagados construídos na remoção de poluentes de águas residuárias de indústria de laticínios

The objective for this research was evaluate the efficiency of constructed wetlands systems (CWS), cultivated with two different grasses and five organic loading rates (OLRs), in the removal of pollutants from dairy industry wastewater (DIW). For this, experimental units were formed by a CWS without vegetation (CWS-SV), with five CWS cultivated elephant grass (CWS-EG) and five cultivated with Tifton 85 grass (CWS-TG), with horizontal subsurface flow. The DW has been applied in average flow of 60 L day-1 and hydraulic residence time of 4.8 days and average surface organic loading rates (OLR) of 66, 130, 190, 320 and 570 kg ha-1 day-1 of BOD. The CWS were efficient in removal BOD5, COD, TSS, TS and TKN, but were inefficient in P-total, K and Na removal of the DIW. The two evaluated grass had similar influence in the BOD5, COD, TS, TSS, total-P, K and Na removal, when compared with systems that operated with the same OLR and the removal of BOD5 and COD were in range 79-96 % and 85-97 %. The CWS-SV performance was similar to the cultivated CWS in the removal of BOD5, COD, TS, TSS and Na, but while the cultivated with tifton was more efficient in removing TKN.
A six sigma tolerancing approach for the design of an efficient closed-loop supply chain network

Rapid technological developments and the growing desire of customers to acquire latest technology has led to a new environmental problem "waste", comprising of both end-of-life products and used products that are disposed prematurely. As a result, both consumer and government concerns for the environment are driving many original equipment manufacturers (OEM) to engage in additional series of activities stemming from the reverse supply chain. The combination of forward/traditional supply chain and reverse supply chain forms the closed-loop supply chain. Contrary to a traditional/forward supply chain, a closed-loop supply chain involves more variability. In this paper, we explore the use of Motorola's Six Sigma methodology to achieve better synchronization in a closed-loop supply chain network by tailoring the individual processes in a way that maximizes the overall delivery performance. A numerical example is considered to illustrate the approach.
Electromagnetic Characteristics of a High Density Motor Drive System Using a Printed Power Circuit Board

This paper describes a high-density motor drive system in which the power transmission lines are formed by a multi-layer printed board, making it possible to reduce inductance of lines. The structure of the power transmission lines between the converter and the inverter is determined, based on calculations of the magnetic field distribution generated by the differential (normal) mode current, which leads to an increase in radiated emissions due to the common mode current. The printed power circuit is experimentally verified as an effective way to reduce the electric field intensity from the radiation.
Absolute Measurements of Ultrasonic Attenuation Using Damped Nondestructive Testing Transducers

This paper reviews the method for making absolute ultrasonic attenuation measurements by means of nondestructive testing transducers and liquid buffer columns or solid buffer rods. The principle is that the transducer must be separated from the specimen so that the transducer cannot influence the echoes in the specimen. Then the attenuation coefficient in the specimen and the reflection coefficient at the buffer/specimen interface can be calculated from the amplitudes of the first three echoes in the buffer/specimen system. For absolute measurements, the amplitudes must be corrected for ultrasonic beam spreading (diffraction). The theory of the measurements and the corrections is recapitulated, and experimental examples are given showing the utility of the method. Experimental techniques are also recapitulated.