Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Blockchain-Based Fair and Secure Certified Electronic Mail Without a TTP

Certified mail is a special postal service that provides the sender with a proof that the mail was successfully received by the other party. However, when it comes to certified electronic mail (CEM), there has not been a widely accepted protocol yet. Most of the existing solutions rely on a Trusted Third Party (TTP) in order to achieve fairness, which can become a bottleneck and lead to more charges and computations. Other solutions that do not rely on a TTP have a relatively high computation and communication overhead. Blockchains have allowed the creation of TTP-free protocols for fair exchange; however, the existing Blockchain-based protocols are either too expensive or do not meet the necessary fairness and confidentiality guarantees. In this work, we have developed two TTP-free Blockchain-based protocols for certified electronic mail that achieve the required security properties of strong fairness, non-repudiation, timeliness, and confidentiality. The first protocol uses simple bitcoin transactions for a single receiver, whereas the second one implements smart contracts for one or multiple receivers. We have analyzed and compared both protocols to existing TTP-free Blockchain solutions and have demonstrated their superior properties and cost. Furthermore, we have implemented the two protocols in a realistic testbed, demonstrating the viability of our approach.
Implementation of eras for patients undergoing esophagectomy: a narrative review of the current literature and latest evidence

: The use of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols is becoming widely spread and has been proposed in almost all surgical specialties. Most reports cite improved results in terms of lower complication rates, shortened lengths of stay, and subsequently lower costs. Although initial reports mostly dealt with other surgical specialties, ERAS has been shown to have significant value after thoracic surgery. Most reports have focused on patients undergoing pulmonary resection for lung cancer, but relatively less on patients undergoing esophagectomy. This is due in part to the relatively limited experience coming from fewer centers that routinely perform esophagectomy, the lower incidence of esophageal cancer compared to lung cancer, and the higher complexity of esophagectomy compared to lung resection. Despite these challenges, some centers have addressed the role of ERAS after esophagectomy. In this paper, we will provide an overview of ERAS, the specific challenges of esophagectomy, and how ERAS has been applied to patients undergoing esophagectomy. ERAS protocols can be considered as having preoperative, operative, and postoperative phases. Early ambulation and approaches to management of drains/lines are also discussed. The ERAS approach in esophagectomy is still early in evolution, but its potential is enormous. Significant buy-in from all stakeholders is necessary to allow successful evaluation, and ultimately, implementation of best practices.
Measure Up!: Yardsticks for Continuous Improvement

Foreword. Preface. Acknowledgements. 1. Do Your Yardsticks Measure Up? 2. Taking of the Blinders. 3. Dynamic Strategies need Dynamic Yardsticks. 4. The Eyes of the Customer. 5. Down to Brass Racks. 6. Performance that Counts to the Customer. 7. Performance that Counts to the Bottom Line. 8. Custom Railoring Performance Measures. 9. Altering the corporate Mindset. 10. Mending and Remodeling Related Systems. Conclusion. Appendices. Glossary. Index.
The Hybrid Trip Destination Prediction Model of Vehicles Based on Autoencoder and High-Order Interaction Features

Through the intelligent vehicles trip data collection, processing and analysis, so as to predict the vehicles trip destination, this technology can improve the user’s driving experience and the city traffic conditions. The vehicles dispatching system can also judge the real-time road conditions according to the prediction results and plan a more reasonable and efficient driving route, which is of great significance to urban traffic planning and urban construction planning. However, the amount of information in the vehicles data is less, which cannot meet the training needs of some artificial intelligence models. In addition, due to communication technology and other issues, there is a certain degree of deviation between the GPS data of the vehicles and the real data. The previous vehicles destination prediction model did not well eliminate the negative impact of this deviation. In addition, the previous model linearly adds the characteristics of each vehicles’s trip data, which cannot reflect the complex rules of the vehicles’s trip destination. Therefore, to address the above-mentioned drawbacks, we propose a novel vehicle trip destination prediction method named Hybrid Trip Destination Prediction Model of Vehicle Based on Autoencoder and High-Order Interaction Features (HAHIF). The HAHIF model extracts robust hidden features using the autoencoder model and considers the second-order association between them using a factorization machine to improve its superiority and effectiveness. Compared with mainstream benchmarks, the HAHIF model has an MSE value of 0.096, an RMSE value of 0.427, and a MAE value of 0.203 on the public dataset, both of which are the first place, which verifies that the HAHIF model has good predictive ability.
Fungus-Mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Aspergillosis causing fungi

Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles has gained great attention due to the need for safe, cost-effective and eco-friendly technologies for metal nanoparticles synthesis. Fungi have been represented as a novel field of study in nanotechnology. This study was focused on extra/intracellular synthesis of highly stable silver nanoparticles (SNPs) using aspergillosis causing fungi. Four strains of opportunistic fungi isolated from aspergillosis suspected patients at Assiut University Chest Department A. flavus KY609551, A. fumigatus MT994683, A. niger KY609552 and A. terreus MF852635 were kindly provided by Enas M. Amer, Faculty of Science of Assiut University tested for their ability to synthesize SNPs extra/intracellularly. Exposure of fungal cell filtrate to 1 mM of aqueous Ag ions resulted in reduction of the metal ions and formation of silver nanoparticles. Visual observation showed the ability of the three different fungi namely A. flavus KY609551, A. fumigatus MT994683 and A. terreus MF852635 to produce SNPs. However, A. niger KY609552 could not gave SNPs at 1 mM of aqueous Ag ions. The bioreduction of SNPs was monitored by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and the SNPs obtained were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction. UVvisible spectra demonstrate a strong, quite narrow peak located between 435 and 450 nm was obtained in case of A. flavus KY609551 and A. terreus MF852635, respectively. Whereas a wide peak centering at 435 nm in case of A. fumigatus MT994683. To prepare the X-ray diffraction and FTIR for samples, a modified simple technique for extracting SNPs from aqueous solution using chloroform was used. It is the first time to be reported that used chloroform as an extract of SNPs from their aqueous solution, to facilitate FTIR and X-ray examination. X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of metallic silver. FTIR spectroscopy analysis showed the presence of an amide group which appears to be responsible for biosynthesis and stability of nanoparticles for both A. flavus KY609551 and A. terreus MF852635.
Genomic basis of fishing-associated selection varies with population density

Significance Fisheries-associated selection is recognized as one of the strongest potential human drivers of contemporary evolution in natural populations. The results of this study show that while simulated commercial fishing techniques consistently remove fish with traits associated with growth, metabolism, and social behavior, the specific genes under fishing selection differ depending on the density of the targeted population. This finding suggests that different fish populations of varying sizes will respond differently to fishing selection at the genetic level. Furthermore, as a population is fished over time, the genes under selection may change as the population diminishes. This could have repercussions on population resilience. This study highlights the importance of selection but also environmental and density effects on harvested fish populations. Fisheries induce one of the strongest anthropogenic selective pressures on natural populations, but the genetic effects of fishing remain unclear. Crucially, we lack knowledge of how capture-associated selection and its interaction with reductions in population density caused by fishing can potentially shift which genes are under selection. Using experimental fish reared at two densities and repeatedly harvested by simulated trawling, we show consistent phenotypic selection on growth, metabolism, and social behavior regardless of density. However, the specific genes under selection—mainly related to brain function and neurogenesis—varied with the population density. This interaction between direct fishing selection and density could fundamentally alter the genomic responses to harvest. The evolutionary consequences of fishing are therefore likely context dependent, possibly varying as exploited populations decline. These results highlight the need to consider environmental factors when predicting effects of human-induced selection and evolution.
Wonder Worm to the Rescue

“When the question is asked, ‘Can I build top-soil? ’ the answer is ‘Yes’, and when the first question is followed by a second question, ‘How? ’ the answer is ‘Feed earthworms’,” so wrote Eve Balfour in the introduction to Thomas J. Barrett’s book, Harnessing the Earthworm. Indeed there are many instances of organic farms around the world preserving or restoring healthy soils. Organic farming has many approaches, with Rudolph Steiner’s biodynamics being one manifestation. All these solutions comfortably find a home under the wide umbrella of permaculture, as defined by Bill Mollison. In conclusion, we should consider the humble earthworm who — as Aristotle, Buddha, Cleopatra and Darwin, amongst others, realized — works tirelessly night and day, unseen and almost totally under-appreciated for our benefit.
Intrinsic factors of the locomotion energy cost during swimming

The amount of metabolic energy spent in transporting the body mass of the subject over a unit of distance has been defined as the energy cost of locomotion, or regarding to swimming, cost of swimming. The differences in the cost of swimming between the individuals seem to be influenced by two main factors, the hydrodynamic resistance and technical skill of the swimmer. The lower cost of swimming showed by females has been attributed to a smaller hydrodynamic resistance due to their smaller size, larger percentage fat and more streamlined position. However, the difference in cost of swimming between males and females disappears when correcting for body size. With regard to children, the higher energy cost of swimming when correcting for body size may be caused by the lower swimming technique showed by them. For individuals with the same anthropometric characteristics, the better swimming technique and larger size of propelling surface, associated with higher propelling efficiency, may decrease the energy cost of swimming. When comparing different types of strokes, the most economical stroke is crawl, followed by backstroke, irrespective the swimming velocity. Butterfly is the less economical at low velocities (< 0.8 m·s-1). However, above that velocity the breaststroke become the less economical stroke.
High-Density Lipoproteins and Their Constituent, Sphingosine-1-Phosphate, Directly Protect the Heart Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury In Vivo via the S1P 3 Lysophospholipid Receptor

Background —All treatments of acute myocardial infarction are aimed at rapid revascularization of the occluded vessel; however, no clinical strategies are currently available to protect the heart from ischemia/reperfusion injury after restitution of blood flow. We hypothesized that some of the cholesterol transport–independent biological properties of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) implied in atheroprotection may also be beneficial in settings of acute myocardial reperfusion injury. Methods and Results —In an in vivo mouse model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion, we observed that HDL and its sphingolipid component, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), dramatically attenuated infarction size by (cid:1) 20% and 40%, respectively. The underlying mechanism was an inhibition of inflammatory neutrophil recruitment and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in the infarcted area. In vitro, HDL and S1P potently suppressed leukocyte adhesion to activated endothelium under flow and protected rat neonatal cardiomyocytes against apoptosis. In vivo, HDL- and S1P-mediated cardioprotection was dependent on nitric oxide (NO) and the S1P 3 lysophospholipid receptor, because it was abolished by pharmacological NO synthase inhibition and was completely absent in S1P 3 -deficient mice. Conclusions —Our data demonstrate that HDL and its constituent, S1P, acutely protect the heart against ischemia/ reperfusion injury in vivo via an S1P 3 -mediated and NO-dependent pathway. A rapid therapeutic elevation of S1P-containing HDL plasma levels may be beneficial in patients at high risk of acute myocardial ischemia. ( Circulation . 2006;114:1403-1409.)
Fluctuations and Long-Term Stability: from Coherence to Chaos

Exerting fluctuations is a part of our daily life: traffic noise, heartbeat, opinion poll, currency exchange rate, electrical current, chemical reactions - they all permanently fluctuate. One of the most important questions is why the systems that exert fluctuations stay long-term stable. Is there any general functional relation that provides long-term stability despite the wide diversity of the fluctuations commence: emotions, economics, physical interactions etc? I assert that such functional relation does exist and reveal its specification: the route to the long-term stability is through coherence and boundedness as necessary conditions. It is demonstrated that the chaoticity is the hallmark of that relationship. The present contribution is a systematic study written as a book on the relation between long-term stability and exerting macroscopic fluctuations. Further attention is focused on the mechanism that guarantees the boundedness and the coherence of the local fluctuations in the physical systems. Crucial arguments that neither of the existing so far approaches to the behavior of the extended many-body systems provides boundedness and coherence of the fluctuations are put forward. It turns out that the mechanism that brings about macroscopic fluctuations has universal properties and entangles quantum decoherence, chaos and 1/f noise in a tricky interplay.
Learning Modular Robot Visual-motor Locomotion Policies

Control policy learning for modular robot locomotion has previously been limited to proprioceptive feedback and flat terrain. This paper develops policies for modular systems with vision traversing more challenging environments. These modular robots can be reconfigured to form many different designs, where each design needs a controller to function. Though one could create a policy for individual designs and environments, such an approach is not scalable given the wide range of potential designs and environments. To address this challenge, we create a visual-motor policy that can generalize to both new designs and environments. The policy itself is modular, in that it is divided into components, each of which corresponds to a type of module (e.g., a leg, wheel, or body). The policy components can be recombined during training to learn to control multiple designs. We develop a deep reinforcement learning algorithm where visual observations are input to a modular policy interacting with multiple environments at once. We apply this algorithm to train robots with combinations of legs and wheels, then demonstrate the policy controlling real robots climbing stairs and curbs.
Oral Delivery of Niclosamide as an Amorphous Solid Dispersion That Generates Amorphous Nanoparticles during Dissolution

Niclosamide is an FDA-approved anthelmintic that is being studied in clinical trials as a chemotherapeutic and broad-spectrum antiviral. Additionally, several other applications are currently in the preclinical stage. Unfortunately, niclosamide is a poorly water soluble molecule, with reduced oral bioavailability, which hinders its use for new indications. Moreover, niclosamide is a poor glass former; in other words, the molecule has a high tendency to recrystallize, and it is virtually impossible to generate a stable amorphous solid employing the neat molecule. Previously, our group reported the development of an amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) of niclosamide (niclosamide ASD) that generates nanoparticles during its dissolution, not only increasing niclosamide’s apparent solubility from 6.6 ± 0.4 to 481.7 ± 22.2 µg/mL in fasted state simulated intestinal fluid (FaSSIF) but also its oral bioavailability 2.6-fold in Sprague–Dawley rats after being administered as a suspension. Nevertheless, niclosamide ASD undergoes recrystallization in acidic media, and an enteric oral dosage form is needed for its translation into the clinic. In this work, we further characterized the nanoparticles that generated during the dissolution of the niclosamide ASD. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (Cryo-TEM) and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) revealed that the nanoparticles were amorphous and had a particle size of ~150 nm. The oral dosage forms of niclosamide ASD were formulated using commercial enteric capsules (Capsuline® and EudracapTM) and as enteric-coated tablets. The enteric dosage forms were tested using pH-shift dissolution and acid-uptake tests, using the USP type II dissolution apparatus and the disintegration apparatus, respectively. The capsules exhibited a higher percentage of weight gain, and visual rupture of the Capsuline capsules was observed. Eudracap capsules protected the formulation from the acidic media, but polymer gelling and the formation of a nondispersible plug were noted during dissolution testing. In contrast, enteric-coated tablets protected the formulation from acid ingress and maintained the performance of niclosamide ASD granules during dissolution in FaSSIF media. These enteric-coated tablets were administered to beagle dogs at a niclosamide dose of 75 mg/kg, resulting in plasma concentrations of niclosamide higher than those reported in the literature using solubilized niclosamide at a higher dose (i.e., 100 mg/kg). In summary, an enteric oral dosage form of niclosamide ASD was formulated without hindering the generation of nanoparticles while maintaining the increase in the niclosamide’s apparent solubility. The enteric-coated tablets successfully increased the niclosamide plasma levels in dogs when compared to a niclosamide solution prepared using organic solvents.
On the hyperalgebra of the loop algebra ${\widehat{\frak{gl}}_n}$

Let $\widetilde{\mathcal U}_{\mathbb Z}({\widehat{\frak{gl}}_n})$ be the Garland integral form of ${\mathcal U}(\widehat{{\frak{gl}}}_n)$ introduced by Garland \cite{Ga}, where ${\mathcal U}(\widehat{{\frak{gl}}}_n)$ is the universal enveloping algebra of ${\widehat{{\frak{gl}}}_n}$. Using Ringel--Hall algebras, a certain integral form ${\mathcal U}_{\mathbb Z}(\widehat{{\frak{gl}}}_n)$ of ${\mathcal U}(\widehat{{\frak{gl}}}_n)$ was constructed in \cite{Fu13}. We prove that the Garland integral form $\widetilde{\mathcal U}_{\mathbb Z}({\widehat{{\frak{gl}}}_n})$ coincides with ${\mathcal U}_{\mathbb Z}(\widehat{{\frak{gl}}}_n)$. Let ${\mathpzc k}$ be a commutative ring with unity and let ${\mathcal U}_{\mathpzc k}(\widehat{{\frak{gl}}}_n)={\mathcal U}_{\mathbb Z}(\widehat{{\frak{gl}}}_n)\otimes{\mathpzc k}$. For $h\geq 1$, we use Ringel--Hall algebras to construct a certain subalgebra, denoted by ${{\mathtt{u}}}_{\! \vartriangle\! }(n)_h$, of ${\mathcal U}_{\mathpzc k}(\widehat{{\frak{gl}}}_n)$. The algebra ${{\mathtt{u}}}_{\! \vartriangle\! }(n)_h$ is the affine analogue of ${\mathtt{u}}({{\frak{gl}}}_n)_h$, where ${\mathtt{u}}({{\frak{gl}}}_n)_h$ is a certain subalgebra of the hyperalgebra associated with ${\frak{gl}}_n$ introduced by Humhpreys \cite{Hum}. The algebra ${\mathtt{u}}({{\frak{gl}}}_n)_h$ plays an important role in the modular representation theory of ${\frak{gl}}_n$. In this paper we give a realization of ${{\mathtt{u}}}_{\! \vartriangle\! }(n)_h$ using affine Schur algebras.
UAV path planning method for data collection of fixed-point equipment in complex forest environment

In a complicated forest environment, it is usual to install many ground-fixed devices, and patrol personnel periodically collects data from the device to detect forest pests and valuable wild animals. Unlike human patrols, UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) may collect data from ground-based devices. The existing UAV path planning method for fixed-point devices is usually acceptable for simple UAV flight scenes. However, it is unsuitable for forest patrol. Meanwhile, when collecting data, the UAV should consider the timeliness of the collected data. The paper proposes two-point path planning and multi-point path planning methods to maximize the amount of fresh information collected from ground-fixed devices in a complicated forest environment. Firstly, we adopt chaotic initialization and co-evolutionary algorithmto solve the two-point path planning issue considering all significant UAV performance and environmental factors. Then, a UAV path planning method based on simulated annealing is proposed for the multi-point path planning issue. In the experiment, the paper uses benchmark functions to choose an appropriate parameter configuration for the proposed approach. On simulated simple and complicated maps, we evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method compared to the existing pathplanning strategies. The results reveal that the proposed ways can effectively produce a UAV patrol path with higher information freshness in fewer iterations and at a lower computing cost, suggesting the practical value of the proposed approach.