Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coupling Vanishing Point Tracking with Inertial Navigation to Estimate Attitude in a Structured Environment

Abstract : This research aims to obtain accurate and stable estimates of a vehicle's attitude by coupling consumer-grade inertial and optical sensors. This goal is pursued by first modeling both inertial and optical sensors and then developing a technique for identifying vanishing points in perspective images of a structured environment. The inertial and optical processes are then coupled to enable each one to aid the other. The vanishing point measurements are combined with the inertial data in an extended Kalman filter to produce overall attitude estimates. This technique is experimentally demonstrated in an indoor corridor setting using a motion profile designed to simulate flight. Through comparison with a tactical-grade inertial sensor, the combined consumer-grade inertial and optical data are shown to produce a stable attitude solution accurate to within 1.5 degrees. A measurement bias is manifested which degrades the accuracy by up to another 2.5 degrees.
Pollutant sources and transport patterns during natural and artificial flood events in the Olewiger Bach and Kartelbornsbach basins, Germany

The nature of the erosion process is examined with longitudinal profiles during flood events in the Olewiger Bach and Kartelbornsbach basins. A multifingerpri nting technique is used to assess the source and transport processes of sediment-asso ciated pollutants. In addition, artificial flood releases with measurements at diverse stations along the brook axis are used to investigate the influence of the travel distance on pollutant concen­ trations and in-stream sources. With increasing reach length, the concen­ trations of metals change via adsorption and precipitation reactions. The channel bed is both a source and sink for sediment-bound heavy metals. Throughout the hydrograph, solids are sorted by grain size which influences the distribution of toxic substances. The study of river pollutants in longitudinal profiles and during artificial events in different seasons provides data to help explain the temporal characteristics of pollutants and nutrients in rivers.
Color perception in a 3-D scene of one reflectance

Surfaces in a 3−D scene are illuminated directly by light sources and also indirectly by each other, via interreflections. image = "direct" + "indirect" 2. INTERREFLECTIONS IN A COLORED SCENE OF ONE REFLECTANCE a green painted room under a white source 3. PSYCHOPHYSICS EXPERIMENT 5. REFERENCES AL Gilchrist and A Jacobsen, "Perception of lightness and illumination in a world of one reflectance", Perception, 13:5−19 (1984) AL Gilchrist and VS Ramachandran, "Red Rooms in White Light Look Different than White Rooms in Red Light", ARVO (1992) MS Langer, "When shadows become interreflections", Inter. Stimuli: Pairs of hyperspectral images were rendered using state−of−the−art computer graphics software (RADIANCE). This software accurately computes interreflections by solving the radiosity equation. Each pair of images consists of a color painted room under white light and a grey painted room under colored light. Mean luminance (CIE Y) and RMS luminance contrast were identical within pairs. For each rendered hyperspectral image, a pixel−by−pixel color match was computed between the rendered image and an RGB image displayable on a given calibrated CRT. Procedure: On each trial, the observer was allowed to toggle between two images of a pair. The task was to decide which image had the colored paint (2AFC). Design: 14 naive observers viewed 8 pairs each (4 hues x 2 lightnesses). Conclusion: The two types of roomare perceptually different. Most observers are able to adopt a consistent (and usually correct) strategy for interpreting the differences in terms of the spectrum of the illuminant versus the surface. In a scene of one reflectance, the brightest regions indicate the color of the source and the darkest regions (e.g. shadows) indicate the color of the surface. Observers can use this information to disentangle surface color from illuminant color. No theory of color vision even attempts to account for this ability !
The changing spatial distribution of Australia's Vietnamese communities

Since the late 1980s there has been debate concerning the formation of Vietnamese 'ethnic enclaves' and 'ghettos' in some Australian cities. Most of this debate has been based on a somewhat contested analysis of country of birth data from various Australian censuses, and at times the debate was driven by dated assimilationist philosophies. This paper describes the changing spatial distribution and concentration of Vietnamese communities in Australia over the two past decades, through an examination of national Statistical Local Area (SLA) level data from recent Australian Censuses. Rather than focus analysis on country of birth data, this research analyses data of individuals (i) of Vietnamese ancestry and (ii) who spoke the Vietnamese language at home. A number of SLA factors are considered in an attempt to provide an initial discussion of meso-level factors which have contributed to changes in the Vietnamese-Australian distributions and concentrations. The data reveal a contrasting picture of the spatial distribution and concentration of the Vietnamese-Australian communities, and indicate that although a few areas of 'high' Vietnamese spatial concentration have persisted into 2006, overall there is an increasing dispersion of Vietnamese-Australians into the broader Australian community.
Interpreter's Corner—Unsupervised seismic facies classification: A review and comparison of techniques and implementation

The use of automatic seismic facies classification techniques has been steadily increasing within E&P interpretation workflows over the past 10 years. It is not yet considered a standard procedure but, with the knowledge of the advantages (and limitations) of the different seismic classification methods, its role in the interpretation process as a successful hydrocarbon prediction tool is anticipated to grow. This paper reviews and compares the unsupervised classification methods presently used in seismic facies analysis: K-means clustering, principal component analysis (PCA), projection pursuit, and neural networks (vector quantization and Kohonen self-organizing maps). The term “unsupervised” covers all classification techniques relying only on input data and not biased by the desired output. These methods are described, compared, and illustrated by case studies taken from deep offshore Louisiana, west and south Texas, onshore California, and offshore Indonesia. Seismic data volumes are huge and consist of highly redundant data. It is now established that their analysis can be greatly optimized by applying efficient data reduction algorithms that preserve essential features of the seismic character. The objective of the facies classification process is to describe enough variability of the seismic data to reveal details of the underlying geologic features. The classification process should do this while preserving a synthesis for the seismic signal changes. In addition to comparing the classification methods, this paper presents relevant information pertaining to data input, data analysis, and data output. Seismic data, from the statistical point of view, have characteristics like continuity, redundancy, and noise that affect the behavior of the seismic classification techniques. At first glance, these classification techniques may appear similar. However, their ability to efficiently describe changes in seismic character and their interpretability can vary significantly. These different techniques are compared in this paper for their suitability to describe seismic data in a meaningful manner directly …
A MYCN-independent mechanism mediating secretome reprogramming and metastasis in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma

MYCN amplification (MNA) is a defining feature of high-risk neuroblastoma (NB) and predicts poor prognosis. However, whether genes within or in close proximity to the MYCN amplicon also contribute to MNA+ NB remains poorly understood. Here, we identify that GREB1, a transcription factor encoding gene neighboring the MYCN locus, is frequently coexpressed with MYCN and promotes cell survival in MNA+ NB. GREB1 controls gene expression independently of MYCN, among which we uncover myosin 1B (MYO1B) as being highly expressed in MNA+ NB and, using a chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model, as a crucial regulator of invasion and metastasis. Global secretome and proteome profiling further delineates MYO1B in regulating secretome reprogramming in MNA+ NB cells, and the cytokine MIF as an important pro-invasive and pro-metastatic mediator of MYO1B activity. Together, we have identified a putative GREB1-MYO1B-MIF axis as an unconventional mechanism promoting aggressive behavior in MNA+ NB and independently of MYCN.
RELATIONSHIP OF DROUGHT TOLERANCE TRAITS WITH AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION IN GROUNDNUT

Fifty groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes were screened for low aflatoxin contamination under field conditions with two main treatments i.e., irrigated and simulated drought conditions. A severe strain of A.flavus was isolated by collecting native strains from different parts of Chittoor district in Andhra Pradesh and a sick plot was developed utilizing this strain. A.flavus inoculum was applied @ 2.5 g per meter row length and sufficient spore load was maintained till harvest. Mean aflatoxin content was higher under imposed moisture stress conditions compared to irrigated treatment. The genotypes differed in tolerance to aflatoxin in irrigated and simulated drought conditions. Among the fifty groundnut genotypes screened ICGV 86590, 89104, 94350, 99029, IC 48 and ICGS 76 had low aflatoxin levels (< 5 ppb) in both irrigated and simulated drought treatments. No consistent relationship was observed between seed colonization and aflatoxin production. The results indicate that aflatoxin production in groundnut is negatively related with relative water content (RWC), pod wall integrity and pod wall moisture content at harvest.
The art of the deal: Deciphering the endowment effect from traders’ eyes

People are often reluctant to trade, a reticence attributed to the endowment effect. The prevailing account attributes the endowment effect to valuation-related bias, manifesting as sellers valuing goods more than buyers, whereas an alternative account attributes it to response-related bias, manifesting as both buyers and sellers tending to stick to the status quo. Here, by tracking and modeling eye activity of buyers and sellers during trading, we accommodate both views within an evidence-accumulation framework. We find that valuation-related bias is indexed by asymmetric attentional allocation between buyers and sellers, whereas response-related bias is indexed by arousal-linked pupillary reactivity. A deal emerges when both buyers and sellers attend to their potential gains and dilate their pupils. Our study provides preliminary evidence for our computational framework of the dynamic processes mediating the endowment effect and identifies physiological biomarkers of deal-making.
177 Lu-Prostate-Speci ﬁ c Membrane Antigen Ligand After 223 Ra Treatment in Men with Bone-Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Real-World Clinical Experience

We analyzed real-world clinical outcomes of sequential a -/ b -emitter therapy for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Methods: We assessed safety and overall survival in 26 patients who received 177 Lu-prostate-speci ﬁ c membrane antigen ligand ( 177 Lu-PSMA) after 223 Ra in the ongoing noninterventional REASSURE study ( 223 Ra a -Emitter Agent in Nonintervention Safety Study in mCRPC Population for Long-Term Evaluation; NCT02141438). Results: Patients received 223 Ra for a median of 6 injections and subsequent 177 Lu-PSMA for a median of 3.5 mo ( $ the fourth therapy in 69%). The median time between 223 Ra and 177 Lu-PSMA treatment was 8 mo (range, 1 – 31 mo). Grade 3 hematologic events occurred in 9 of 26 patients (during or after 177 Lu-PSMA treatment in 5/9 patients; 8/9 patients had also received docetaxel). Median overall survival was 28.0 mo from the 223 Ra start and 13.2 mo from the 177 Lu-PSMA start. Conclusion: Although the small sample size precludes de ﬁ nitive conclusions, these preliminary data, especially the 177 Lu-PSMA treatment duration, suggest that the use of 177 Lu-PSMA after 223 Ra is feasible in this real-world setting.
Application of Aerial Imagery to Analyse On-Farm Trials

Aerial imagery, using a standard four-band multi-spectral video, was taken of an onfarm wheat variety strip-trial in southern Queensland in 2001. The image was explored to highlight within-strip and within-field variability in crop biomass and performance. A good correlation was found between NDVI at flowering and final grain yield (r2 = 0.77; n = 10), suggesting that the image could provide a surrogate measure of yield variability. Transects taken through the centre of each variety strip provided a useful indicator of within-row variability, although spatial correlation was high. Coefficients of variation ranged between 12 and 20% for the variety strips, which suggested that much of the observed variation was due to random effects. Yield differences at harvest between varieties were modest, but pseudo-replication analysis could provide a useful means of determining what might have been an optimal strip length.
Rock art and frontier conflict in Southeast Asia: Insights from direct radiocarbon ages for the large human figures of Gua Sireh, Sarawak

Gua Sireh, located in western Sarawak (Malaysian Borneo), is known for its rock art. The cave houses hundreds of charcoal drawings depicting people, often with headdresses, knives and other accoutrements. Here, we present direct radiocarbon dates and pigment characterizations from charcoal drawings of two large (>75 cm), unique Gua Sireh human figures (anthropomorphs). To our knowledge, these are the first chronometric ages generated for Malaysian rock art, providing insights into the social contexts of art production, as well as the opportunities and challenges of dating rock art associated with the Malay/Austronesian diasporas in Southeast Asia more generally. Previous archaeological excavations revealed that people occupied Gua Sireh from around 20,000 years ago to as recently as AD 1900. The site is within Bidayuh territory, and these local Indigenous peoples recall the cave’s use as a refuge during territorial violence in the early 1800s. The age of the drawings, dated between 280 and 120 cal BP (AD 1670 to 1830), corresponds with a period of increasing conflict when the Malay elites controlling the region exacted heavy tolls on the local hill tribes. We discuss rock art production at Gua Sireh in this context of frontier conflict and Bidayuh resistance.
The Early Upper Paleolithic beyond Western Europe

List of Figures and Tables Preface 1. On the Difficulty of the Middle-Upper Paleolithic Transitions P.J. Brantingham, S.L. Kuhn, and K.W. Kerry 2. Early Upper Paleolithic Backed Blade Industries in Central and Eastern Europe J.K. Kozlowski 3. Continuities, Discontinuities, and Interactions in Early Upper Paleolithic Technologies: A View from the Middle Danube J.A. Svoboda 4. Koulichivka and Its Place in the Middle-Upper Paleolithic Transition in Eastern Europe L. Meignen, J.M. Geneste, L. Koulakovskaia, and A. Sytnik 5. Origins of the European Upper Paleolithic, Seen from Crimea: Simple Myth or Complex Reality? A.E. Marks and K. Monigal 6. The Beginning of the Upper Paleolithic on the Russian Plain L.B. Vishnyatsky and P.E. Nehoroshev 7. Emergence of the Levantine Upper Paleolithic: Evidence from the Wadi al-Hasa J.R. Fox and N.R. Coinman 8. New Perspectives on the Initial Upper Paleolithic: The view from Ucagizli Cave, Turkey S.L. Kuhn, M.C. Stiner, and E. Gulec 9. The Upper Paleolithic in Western Georgia T. Meshveliani, O. Bar-Yosef, and A. Belfer-Cohen 10. The Aurignacian in Asia M. Otte 11. The Middle-Upper Paleolithic Interface in Former Soviet Central Asia L.B. Vishnyatsky 12. The Early Upper Paleolithic of Siberia T. Goebel 13. Origin of the Upper Paleolithic in Siberia: A Geoarchaeological Perspective Y.V. Kuzmin 14. Initial Upper Paleolithic Blade Industries from the North-Central Gobi Desert, Mongolia A.P. Derevianko, P.J. Brantingham, J.W. Olsen, and D. Tseveendorj 15. The Initial Upper Paleolithic at Shuidonggou, Northwestern China P.J. Brantingham, X. Gao, D.B. Madsen, R.L. Bettinger, and R.G. Elston 16. The Early Upper Paleolithic and the Origins of Modern Human Behavior S.L. Kuhn, P.J. Brantingham, and K.W. Kerry References List of contributors Index
Analytic Reviews: Management of Aminoglycosides in the Intensive Care Unit

Antibacterial resistance is increasing throughout the world, while the development of new agents is slowly progressing. In addition, the increasing prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance may force many practitioners to choose an aminoglycoside agent in gram-negative regimens. Aminoglycosides are bactericidal agents with potent activity against gram-negative infections and activity against gram-positive infections when added to a cell wall active antimicrobial-based regimen. These agents may be dosed multiple times a day or consolidated as high-dose, extended-interval dosing to maximize pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties to achieve possible improved efficacy with reduced toxicity. Clinical application includes the treatment of bacteremia, endocarditis, health-care and nosocomial pneumonias, intra-abdominal infections, and others. Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity are potential risks of aminoglycoside therapy that may be minimized with serum monitoring and short courses of therapy.
Nerve and muscle

Preface 1. Structural organization of the nervous system 2. Resting and action potentials 3. The ionic permeability of the nerve membrane 4. Membrane permeability changes during excitation 5. The molecular structure and functioning of voltage-gated ionic channels 6. Cable theory and saltatory conduction 7. Neuromuscular transmission 8. Synaptic transmission in the nervous system 9. Skeletal muscles 10. The mechanism of contraction in skeletal muscle 11. Non-skeletal muscles Further reading References Index.
Relationship between default mode network and resting-state electroencephalographic alpha rhythms in cognitively unimpaired seniors and patients with dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease

Abstract Here we tested the hypothesis of a relationship between the cortical default mode network (DMN) structural integrity and the resting-state electroencephalographic (rsEEG) rhythms in patients with Alzheimer’s disease with dementia (ADD). Clinical and instrumental datasets in 45 ADD patients and 40 normal elderly (Nold) persons originated from the PDWAVES Consortium (www.pdwaves.eu). Individual rsEEG delta, theta, alpha, and fixed beta and gamma bands were considered. Freeware platforms served to derive (1) the (gray matter) volume of the DMN, dorsal attention (DAN), and sensorimotor (SMN) cortical networks and (2) the rsEEG cortical eLORETA source activities. We found a significant positive association between the DMN gray matter volume, the rsEEG alpha source activity estimated in the posterior DMN nodes (parietal and posterior cingulate cortex), and the global cognitive status in the Nold and ADD participants. Compared with the Nold, the ADD group showed lower DMN gray matter, lower rsEEG alpha source activity in those nodes, and lower global cognitive status. This effect was not observed in the DAN and SMN. These results suggest that the DMN structural integrity and the rsEEG alpha source activities in the DMN posterior hubs may be related and predict the global cognitive status in ADD and Nold persons.
PDGF‐C promotes cell proliferation partially via downregulating BOP1

Platelet‐derived growth factor C (PDGF‐C) is a member of PDGF/VEGF family, which is well‐known for important functions in the vascular system. It is widely reported that PDGF‐C is able to modulate cell proliferation. However, it is still not very clear about this cell modulating mechanism at the molecular level. In a screening of factors regulated by PDGF‐C protein, we fished out a factor called block of proliferation 1 (BOP1), which is a pivotal regulator of ribosome biogenesis and cell proliferation. In this study, we investigated the regulation of BOP1 by PDGF‐C and its role in modulating cell proliferation. We found that BOP1 was downregulated at both mRNA and protein levels in cells treated with PDGF‐C‐containing conditioned medium. On the other hand, BOP1 was upregulated in PDGF‐C deficient mice. Furthermore, we confirmed that overexpression of BOP1 inhibited HEK293A cell proliferation, whereas knockdown of BOP1 promoted cell proliferation. The mitogenic effect of PDGF‐C could be attenuated by downregulation of BOP1. Our results demonstrate a clear PDGF‐C–BOP1 signaling that modulates cell proliferation.
High Performance Wearable Ultrasound as a Human-Machine Interface for Wrist and Hand Kinematic Tracking

<italic>Objective:</italic> Non-invasive human machine interfaces (HMIs) have high potential in medical, entertainment, and industrial applications. Traditionally, surface electromyography (sEMG) has been used to track muscular activity and infer motor intention. Ultrasound (US) has received increasing attention as an alternative to sEMG-based HMIs. Here, we developed a portable US armband system with 24 channels and a multiple receiver approach, and compared it with existing sEMG- and US-based HMIs on movement intention decoding. <italic>Methods:</italic> US and motion capture data was recorded while participants performed wrist and hand movements of four degrees of freedom (DoFs) and their combinations. A linear regression model was used to offline predict hand kinematics from the US (or sEMG, for comparison) features. The method was further validated in real-time for a 3-DoF target reaching task. <italic>Results:</italic> In the offline analysis, the wearable US system achieved an average <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${{\bm{R}}}^2$</tex-math></inline-formula> of 0.94 in the prediction of four DoFs of the wrist and hand while sEMG reached a performance of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${{\bm{R}}}^2{\bm{\ }}$</tex-math></inline-formula>= 0.60. In online control, the participants achieved an average 93% completion rate of the targets. <italic>Conclusion:</italic> When tailored for HMIs, the proposed US A-mode system and processing pipeline can successfully regress hand kinematics both in offline and online settings with performances comparable or superior to previously published interfaces<italic>. Significance:</italic> Wearable US technology may provide a new generation of HMIs that use muscular deformation to estimate limb movements. The wearable US system allowed for robust proportional and simultaneous control over multiple DoFs in both offline and online settings.