Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of cognitive performance in bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, unaffected first‐degree relatives, and healthy controls

The extent and specifics regarding cognitive dysfunction in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) or major depressive disorder (MDD) and their unaffected first‐degree relatives (FDR) have not been addressed in any single study. The present study compared the cognitive function of patients with BD or MDD, their FDR, and healthy control (HC) individuals.
SWIMMING METABOLISM OF YEARLING AND ADULT HARBOR SEALS PHOCA VITULINA '

Swimming Metabolism of Yearling and Adult Harbor Seals Phoca vitulina Author(s): R. W. Davis, T. M. Williams and G. L. Kooyman Source: Physiological Zoology, Vol. 58, No. 5 (Sep. Oct., 1985), pp. 590-596 Published by: . Sponsored by the University of Chicago Press Division of Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry, Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology Stable URL: http://www.jstor. org/stable/30158585 Accessed: 14-01-2016 02:35 UTC
Photometry of dissolving star cluster candidates - The cases of NGC 7036 and NGC 7772

We present CCD UBVI observations obtained in the field of the two previously unstudied dissolving open cluster candidates NGC 7036 and NGC 7772. Our analysis suggests that both the objects are Open Cluster Remnants (OCR). NGC 7036 is an open cluster remnant with a core radius of about 3–4 arcmin. We derive for the first time estimates of its fundamental parameters. We identify 17 likely members that define a group of stars at 1 kpc from the Sun, with a low reddening $E(B-V) \approx 0.1$, and with an age of about 3–4 Gyr. As for NGC 7772, we identify 14 likely members, that define a group of stars with a very low reddening ($E(B-V) \approx 0.03$), are 1.5 Gyr old and are located about 1.5 kpc from the Sun.
Hypothetical Exposure Limits for Oil-Based Metalworking Fluids and Cardiovascular Mortality in a Cohort of Autoworkers: Structural Accelerated Failure Time Models in a Public Health Framework

Occupational exposure to aerosolized particles of oil-based metalworking fluid was recently linked to deaths from ischemic heart disease. The current recommended exposure limits might be insufficient. Studying cardiovascular mortality is challenging because symptoms can induce sicker workers to reduce their exposure, causing healthy-worker survivor bias. G-estimation of accelerated failure time models reduces this bias and permits comparison of multiple exposure interventions. Michigan autoworkers from the United AutoWorkers–General Motors cohort (n = 38,666) were followed from 1941 through 1994. Separate binary variables indicated whether annual exposure exceeded a series of potential limits. Separate g-estimation analyses for each limit yielded the total number of life-years that could have been saved among persons who died from specific cardiovascular causes by enforcing that exposure limit. Banning oil-based fluids would have saved an estimated 4,003 (95% confidence interval: 2,200, 5,807) life-years among those who died of ischemic heart disease. Estimates for cardiovascular disease overall, acute myocardial infarction, and cerebrovascular disease were 3,500 (95% confidence interval: 1,350, 5,651), 2,932 (95% confidence interval: 1,587, 4,277), and 917 (95% confidence interval: −80, 1,913) life-years, respectively. A limit of 0.01 mg/m3 would have had a similar impact on cerebrovascular disease but one only half as great on ischemic heart disease. Analyses suggest that limiting exposure to metalworking fluids could have saved many life-years lost to cardiovascular diseases in this cohort.
Massive Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary deposit, deep-water Gulf of Mexico: New evidence for widespread Chicxulub-induced slope failure

The single largest-known mass wasting deposit has been identified at the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary in the deep-water Gulf of Mexico, in 31 industry-drilled wells and on seismic data, corresponding to the “MCU” (middle Cretaceous unconformity) horizon. The deposit has an average thickness of 10–20 m on the upper slope and 90–200 m on the lower slope and basin floor, and is on an unconformity that represents 9 m.y. to 85 m.y. The deposit contains the distinctive association of lithic fragments, impact-derived material, and reworked microfossils (i.e., the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary “cocktail”) associated with the Chicxulub impact, and is predominantly composed of graded pelagic carbonates. These new findings substantiate widespread slope failure induced by the Chicxulub impact and provide further evidence of a single impact coincident with the K-Pg mass extinction.
Germany: computer-aided market engineering

he Computer-Aided Market Engineering (CAME) tool suite meet2trade showcases a service engineering approach to the development of electronic markets as a service offering. For e-markets, the market operator—as service provider— decides the following prerequisites that characterize the complex service: the products that will be traded; the market rules to match demand and supply; the IT infrastructure of the trading platform; the business structure defining the value proposition; and the business model to derive revenue from the service offering. The CAME tool suite provides a conceptual framework for designing e-markets, a process model to guide the design, and methods and tools supporting these design steps. These tasks are inherently interdisciplinary. The strategic task of defining the segment, in which the e-market is intended to operate, is primarily a management and marketing endeavor. The design of the market mechanisms that describe the flow of the negotiation process, pertains to economics. Implementing the market mechanisms as a running service system is mainly a software engineering task. The CAME approach extends state-of-the-art methods, as it tackles all problems associated with the design of e-markets holistically. For example, Knowledge-based Auction Design Support (KADS) enables the market operator to decide on the principal auction format. Auction Runtime Environment (ARTE) and Adaptive Client (AC) support the transformation of the concept into an instantiation of a running auction format, supporting embodiment and detail design. Lastly, Agent-based Simulation Environment (AMASE) and Experimental System (MES) provide extensive testing functionalities. Prototypes can be generated and tested on-the-fly, improving the design process considerably. This research work focuses on how to design and operate market services, how to gain knowledge for this task, and how to provide this knowledge to those who need to set up auctions, exchanges, or e-procurement platforms. CAME epitomizes an SSME approach and meet2trade workbench showcases an integrated outcome of service sciences, management, and engineering.
Targeting Chromatin Remodeling for Cancer Therapy

Background: Epigenetic alterations comprise key regulatory events that dynamically alter gene expression and their deregulation is commonly linked to the pathogenesis of various diseases, including cancer. Unlike DNA mutations, epigenetic alterations involve modifications to proteins and nucleic acids that regulate chromatin structure without affecting the underlying DNA sequence, altering the accessibility of the transcriptional machinery to the DNA, thus modulating gene expression. In cancer cells, this often involves the silencing of tumor suppressor genes or the increased expression of genes involved in oncogenesis. Advances in laboratory medicine have made it possible to map critical epigenetic events, including histone modifications and DNA methylation, on a genome-wide scale. Like the identification of genetic mutations, mapping of changes to the epigenetic landscape has increased our understanding of cancer progression. However, in contrast to irreversible genetic mutations, epigenetic modifications are flexible and dynamic, thereby making them promising therapeutic targets. Ongoing studies are evaluating the use of epigenetic drugs in chemotherapy sensitization and immune system modulation. With the preclinical success of drugs that modify epigenetics, along with the FDA approval of epigenetic drugs including the DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) inhibitor 5-azacitidine and the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor vorinostat, there has been a rise in the number of drugs that target epigenetic modulators over recent years. Conclusion: We provide an overview of epigenetic modulations, particularly those involved in cancer, and discuss the recent advances in drug development that target these chromatin-modifying events, primarily focusing on novel strategies to regulate the epigenome.
Max-min Fair Flow Control Sensitive to Priorities

Flow control is the dominant technique currently used in communication networks for preventing excess traffic from flooding the network, and for handling congestion. In rate-based flow control, transmission rates of sessions are adjusted in an end-to-end manner through a sequence of operations. In this work, we present a theory of max-min fair, rate-based flow control sensitive to priorities of different sessions, as a significant extension of the classical theory of max-min fair, rate-based flow control to networks supporting applications with diverse requirements on network resources. Each individual session bears a priority function, which maps the session's priority to a transmission rate; the priority is a working abstraction of the session's priority to bandwidth access. Priority functions enable the specification of requirements on bandwidth access by distributed applications, and the formal handling of such requirements. We present priority max-min fairness, as a novel and well motivated fairness condition which requires that assigned rates correspond, through the priority functions, to priorities comprising a max-min vector. We also introduce priority bottleneck algorithms gradually update a session's rate until when its priority is restricted on a priority bottleneck edge of the network. We establish a collection of interesting combinatorial properties of priority bottleneck algorithms. Most significantly, we show that they can only converge to priority max-min fairness. As an application of our general theory, we embed priority bottleneck algorithms in the more realistic optimistic framework for rate-based flow control. The optimistic framework allows for both decreases and increases of session rates. We exploit these additionally provided semantics to prove further combinatorial properties for the termination of priority bottleneck algorithms in the optimistic framework. We use these properties to conclude the first optimistic algorithms for efficient, max-min fair, rate-based flow control sensitive to priorities.
Exploitation d'une ressource canadienne unique : l’Étude longitudinale canadienne sur le vieillissement

1 Département de santé communautaire et d’épidémiologie , Université Dalhousie 2 Département de médecine , Université Dalhousie 3 Département d’épidémiologie clinique et de biostatistique , Université McMaster 4 Département des sciences de la santé communautaire , Université du Manitoba 5 Département de gérontologie , Université Simon Fraser 6 Centre de recherche sur le vieillissement , CIUSS de l’Estrie-CHUS 7 Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé , Université de Sherbrooke 8 Institut de recherche , Centre universitaire de santé , McGill 9 Département d’épidémiologie , de biostatistique et de santé au travail , Université McGill 10 Institut de géroscience de McMaster
PhenomicDB: a new cross-species genotype/phenotype resource

Phenotypes are an important subject of biomedical research for which many repositories have already been created. Most of these databases are either dedicated to a single species or to a single disease of interest. With the advent of technologies to generate phenotypes in a high-throughput manner, not only is the volume of phenotype data growing fast but also the need to organize these data in more useful ways. We have created PhenomicDB (freely available at ), a multi-species genotype/phenotype database, which shows phenotypes associated with their corresponding genes and grouped by gene orthologies across a variety of species. We have enhanced PhenomicDB recently by additionally incorporating quantitative and descriptive RNA interference (RNAi) screening data, by enabling the usage of phenotype ontology terms and by providing information on assays and cell lines. We envision that integration of classical phenotypes with high-throughput data will bring new momentum and insights to our understanding. Modern analysis tools under development may help exploiting this wealth of information to transform it into knowledge and, eventually, into novel therapeutic approaches.
Cooperative Computing in Dynamic Environments

The Theory of Distributed Systems research group at MIT, led by Prof. Nancy Lynch, is working with the Cooperative Computing group at NTT on developing algorithms, models, and analysis methods for highly dynamic distributed systems. "Dynamic" here means that participants may join and leave the system and may change location, that network topology may change, and that components may fail and recover. Coping with such difficult environments leads to complex systems, which are difficult to design, understand, and analyze.
Effect of Repeated Firings on the Color of Porcelain : An In Vitro Study

Context: Dental ceramics are one of the widely used esthetic restorative materials and these are attractive because of their biocompatibility and long-term color stability. Duplicating the appearance of tooth structure is a complex process that requires careful control of the form, surface texture, translucency, and color of the restoration. Repeated firings of dental porcelain may change porcelain shades. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of multiple firings on metal ceramics before and after glazing. Materials and Methods: A total of 70 base metal alloy disks with a thickness of 0.5 mm were made. Then, oxidation, opaque porcelain application, and firing, followed by dentin porcelain is applied to all specimens and subjected to first and second dentin firings. They were subdivided into seven groups (n = 10). The first group is the control group and other groups were subjected to repeated second dentin firings for 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 dentin firings and analyzed for color with spectrophotometer. All the specimens were glazed and again analyzed for color. Results: The color difference was observed at fifth dentin firing before glazing and at eighth dentin firings after glazing compared to control group. Conclusion: Color and microhardness are noticeably affected by repeated firings.
Reviewing the situation: men and antiretroviral treatment in Soweto, South Africa

ii DEDICATION . iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . v DECLARATION . vi TABLE OF CONTENTS . vii LIST OF FIGURES . xi LIST OF TABLES . xii ACRONYMS . xiii PART 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 PART 2: LITERATURE REVIEW . 5 Chapter 1: HIV/AIDS . 6 1.1 Emergence of HIV . 6 1.2 HIV in South Africa . 8 1.3 Politics and HIV . 10 1.4 Where are we now with HIV? 15 1.5 Mental health and HIV . 19 1.6 Lay interpretations of HIV . 20 Chapter 2: Stigma . 23 2.1 Stigma and discrimination . 23 2.2 Stigma and sex . 27 2.3 Stigma and HIV/AIDS services . 31 2.4 Disclosure . 33 2.5 Measuring stigma . 34 Chapter 3: Masculinity . 36 3.1 African masculinities patriarchy . 37 3.2 Men who have sex with men . 40 3.3 Men’s risk-taking and HIV . 41 Chapter 4: Health services in South Africa . 44 4.1 Traditional health practitioners . 44 4.2 Complementary and alternative medicine . 45 4.3 Allopathic medicine and public health care . 46 4.4 Health care pluralism . 48 4.5 Seeking help for HIV . 49 4.6 Antiretroviral treatment . 51 Chapter 5: Men’s health . 57 5.1 Gender and health . 57 5.2 Morbidity and mortality . 60 5.3 Men and HIV . 64 Reviewing the Situation: Men and Antiretroviral Treatment in Soweto, South Africa viii 5.4 Men and messages . 68 5.5 Men’s help-seeking behaviour . 69 Chapter 6: Conceptual framework . 74 PART 3: METHODOLOGY . 76 Chapter 7: Methodology . 77 7.1 Introduction . 77 7.2 Study objectives . 78 7.3 Study area . 79 7.4 Antiretroviral Treatment gap . 79 7.5 Qualitative Approach . 81 7.6 Focus groups . 81 7.7 Interviews . 83 7.8 Study sample . 83 7.9 Research assistants . 85 7.10 Limitations . 85 7.11 Data analysis . 87 7.12 Ethics . 87 7.13 Male participants . 88 PART 4: PRESENTATION OF FINDINGS . 96 Chapter 8: Men’s beliefs about the HIV/AIDS epidemic . 98 8.1 Emerging epidemic . 98 8.2 HIV/AIDS is witchcraft . 100 8.3 God created HIV/AIDS . 104 8.4 Discussion . 105 Chapter 9: Knowledge and understanding of HIV/AIDS . 107 9.1 HIV transmission . 108 9.2 Curing HIV . 112 9.3 Knowledge of ART . 113 9.4 Discussion .
Modeling the Impact of Climate Change on Hydropower Operations in the Connecticut River Basin

There is significant evidence that altering river flows downstream of reservoirs harms native aquatic ecosystems and decreases the ability of native species to strive and survive. Additionally, climate change has been shown to impact streamflow in regions throughout the world and threatens the same in the northeast. The Connecticut River is the largest river basin in New England, draining over 11,000 square miles, encompassing various land types including mountains, lakes, lowlands, and urban areas. As one of the most impounded rivers in the United States, the basin is highly developed in areas with a number of large dams for hydropower, flood control, water supply, and recreation located on the Connecticut mainstem and its tributaries. Innovative, climate informed, water management is needed to improve the health of native aquatic species and their surrounding ecosystems while maintaining the benefits from historic operating policies at these facilities. This research uses the Connecticut River Variable Infiltration Capacity (CRVIC) hydrologic simulation model to generate climate impacted streamflows from downscaled GCM meteorological output. The climate impacted streamflows are used as inflows into a large LINGO optimization model of reservoir operations in the Connecticut River Basin. A total of 54 reservoirs of varying purposes are modeled to examine the impacts of climate change on hydropower production, flood control, water supply, recreation metrics, and ecological targets. Impacts of climate change on low-head hydropower production are examined closely as the majority of hydropower dams within the basin fall into this category. A comparison is drawn between the baseline and climate impacted operations for the reservoirs within the system. The use of optimization models in reservoir operations is explored with the goal of addressing objectives related to emerging environmental concerns in the hydrologic regime with the consideration of historical operating objectives for management of hydropower reservoirs in the Connecticut River.
AGRO- PHYSIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE OF WHEAT GENOTYPES UNDER NORMAL MOISTURE AND DROUGHT CONDITIONS

Scarcity of water for irrigation is an alarming issue of Pakistan and the problem is being magnified rapidly with the passage of time. Shortage of water is thus, a limiting factor in increasing per unit area wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield that is staple food of most of the people. Eventually, the gap between production and consumption is widening day by day and Pakistan is now suffering from food crisis. Hence, to find out the wheat genotypes having comparatively more drought tolerance, a field experiment was conducted during 2005‐06 and 2006‐07 on 497 wheat genotypes, which were subjected to drought conditions in addition to growing under normal soil moisture conditions. Screening of the genotypes was done on the basis of some Physiological and Agronomic attributes such as, Stomatal Conductance, Net Photosynthetic Rate, Transpiration Rate, Photo Active Radiation, Plant Height, Productive Tillers, Grains per Spike, 1000‐Grain Weight, Biological Yield, Grain Yield per Plant and Harvest Index. Drought stress adversely affected all these parameters, which expressed significant decrease in their values except harvest index, which was significantly increased irrespective of genotypes during both the years of study. The genotypes under study, on the basis of above physiological and agronomic attributes were grouped into high yielding drought sensitive, high yielding drought tolerant, low yielding drought tolerant and low yielding drought sensitive groups, employing cluster analysis. Thus, out of 497 sixteen wheat genotypes were ranked as high yielding drought tolerant which can be successfully grown under drought conditions without substantial decrease in grain yield.
Archaean granulites of the Limpopo Belt, Zimbabwe : One slow exhumation or two rapid events?

The peak of high-temperature, low-pressure anticlockwise granulite facies metamorphism in the northernmost part of the Northern Marginal Zone of the Limpopo Belt has been dated at 2591 ± 4 Ma using conventional U-Pb zircon geochronology on a syntectonic charnockite intrusion. The thermal peak of 800°C at 0.5 GPa reflects a strong perturbation of the geotherm and was reached during compressional deformation and coincides with vast granite intrusion into the overlying craton. The coincidence of the temperature (T) maximum and compression is thought to be a response to lithospheric mantle thinning that resulted in granite emplacement and a consequent change in upper crustal rheology. After initial exhumation and cooling, these high-temperature, low-pressure rocks resided at a comparatively shallow depth (≈10 km) for 620 Ma. Field, microstructural, and geochronological investigation of a low-temperature overprint establishes that reworking and final exhumation occurred at 1.97 Ga along discrete greenschist facies thrusts. The 40Ar/39Ar laser ablation of hornblende and biotite and Pb-Pb step leaching of sphene are shown to be useful geochronometers in dating the low-grade assemblages. Our results indicate that early Proterozoic deformation lasted 10 to 20 Ma. However, a number of ages intermediate between the events at 2.6 and 2.0 Ga have been reported for the Northern Marginal Zone. These include Pb-Pb garnet, Ar-Ar step heating amphibole, and U-Pb zircon ages. Such ages suggest that these minerals were partially rejuvenated below their commonly believed closure temperature. Reinterpreting these intermediate ages as partial overprint or inheritance was possible in the Northern Marginal Zone due both to the large time gap between the two tectonometamorphic events and the use of a multimethod multichronometer approach. These observations call for great caution when extrapolating mineral ages into cooling histories, especially so when the resulting cooling is slower than thermally and/or mechanically possible and suggests that the geochronometry in other regions that underwent multiple tectono-metamorphic events may need to be reassessed.
Fish Species Diversity and Abundance of Gubi Dam, Bauchi State of Nigeria

This study investigated the fish species diversity and abundance of Gubi dam in Bauchi State, Nigeria. The fish fauna of Gubi Dam was assessed using the fisheries dependent method to evaluate fish species composition. The dam had a total of 18 species of fish belonging to six families. Diversity indices estimated include Shannon’s diversity index (H’) with a monthly range of 1.811 to 2.366, Simpson’s index (D); 0.130 to 0.313, Species heterogeneity (1 – D) index ranging from 0.687 to 0.870, species richness index (d); 2.003 to 2.371, and equitability index (J) ranging from 0.639 to 0.833. The most abundant family was Cichlidae (61.51%) with the species S. galilaeus being the most abundant (34.88%) while the family Mochokidae was least abundant (1.45%) and is represented by only one species. There is a low Species richness index in the dam. Species equitability index across the sites as well as months reveals an even distribution of species. There is great sample diversity from Gubi dam since 1 – D is close to 1 for the months studied. Anthropogenic activities are prominent on the lake and this can affect species diversity. Management measures are encouraged.