Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Perception of Relative Mass in Physical Collisions

Researchers (Gilden & Proffitt, 1989; Runeson & Vedeler, 1993; Todd & Warren, 1982) have tested Runeson's (1977) claim that the relation between a collision . event's dynamics and kinematics might support perception of the relative mass of colliding objects. Results have been inconsistent; however, these studies employed computer-generated collisions as stimuli. The present research assessed observer's ability to report relative mass in the context of physical objects involved in physical collisions. The results indicate greater sensitivity to relative mass than had been found with animations-based studies. Implications of these data for the kinematic specification of dynamics (KSD) principle of dynamics perception (Runeson & Frykholm, 1983) and a cue-heuristics theory of dynamics perception (Gilden & Proffitt, 1989) are discussed.
Ro-vibrational cooling of molecules and prospects

By using a simple spectral shaping technique, optical pumping with laser fields has allowed us to manipulate, on demand, the rotational and vibrational population of di-atomic molecules. We review this method developed first on cold Cs2 then on ions and discuss its extension to other molecular species as well as its feasibility on a molecular beam. This paves the way to the production of brighter molecular beams and thus a new method of producing cold molecular cloud. We finally present some ideas based on Sisyphus cooling with expected results on neutral as well as ionic molecules.
Structure, Raman scattering, and transport properties of boron-doped graphite

Boron-doped highly oriented graphite films (B-HOGF's) with an atomic fraction of boron from 0.4 up to 2.2 at. % have been prepared from well-crystallized, highly oriented graphite. The effect of boron doping on crystal structure has been investigated in terms of texture observation with a field-emission gun-type scanning electron microscope and by measurements of the x-ray diffraction and Raman scattering. The results indicate that in B-HOGF's, boron atoms substituted in the graphite lattice and induced disorder, which caused the Raman bands related to the disorder in graphite layer planes to appear. For each of the B-HOGF's, the temperature dependence of the resistivity in a range 1.8\char21{}300 K has been measured. The Hall coefficient and transverse magnetoresistance have also been measured at 3.0 K in a magnetic field range up to 4 T. The Hall coefficient data indicate that each of the B-HOGF's is a mixed crystal of graphite grains with and without boron atoms. The temperature dependence of the resistivity and field dependence of the transverse magnetoresistance for B-HOGF's show a characteristic that is possibly explained by a three-dimensional weak localization theory proposed by Sugihara Hishiyama, and Kaburagi.
Anisotropy of light absorbed by an ensemble of CdSe quantum nanoplates

The anisotropy of the optical properties of CdSe quantum nanoplates is investigated, using the methods of absorption spectroscopy. It is experimentally established that the optical properties of the quantum nanoplates are anisotropic. Spectral dependences are obtained for the absorption anisotropy of ensembles of nanocrystals ordered in a stretched polymer film. A technique has been developed for creating elastic polymer films made from polyvinyl butyral with a high concentration of quantum nanoplates.
Injection molding and performance testing of quantum-dot diffusion plate

The key to developing a new type of liquid crystal display (LCD) lighting is to balance light quality with high light efficiency, and the light diffusion plate is an indispensable part of LCD to achieve different light extraction efficiency and light uniformity. In addition, the addition of quantum-dots (QDs) further improves the light transmittance and optical conversion efficiency of the light diffusion plate. In this paper, the surface engineering method was used to prepare QDs composites to improve the stability of QDs diffusion plate under high temperature and humidity. This paper briefly introduced the light diffusion plate, and then discusses the preparation of the QDs composites and the injection molding process of the QDs diffusion plate. Finally, the QDs diffusion plate was assembled into a backlight module, and its stability was tested at 60℃ and 85% relative humidity (RH). The experimental results show that the spectra and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the QDs diffusion plate do not change significantly after long time storage at high temperature and humidity. This experiment improved the stability of QDs diffusion plate and lays a foundation for the subsequent large-scale production.
Physics of an arc in cross-flow

Summary form only given. The quantitative description of an electric arc which is exposed to a cold gas flow from a direction perpendicular to the arc axis poses several difficulties. The major one is the need for a fully three dimensional treatment and the lack of symmetry at the boundaries. We present a theoretical treatment of such an arc with the development of a computer code for solving the three dimensional conservation equations. Validation of this code has been performed by obtaining computational results for conditions for which experimental data exist. The calculations yield temperature and velocity fields and distributions of current density and potential. Results are presented for conditions encountered in the application of a wire arc spray process: an arc current of 100 and 200 A and an arcing gap of 1 mm and 2 mm, and a configuration where the electrodes are sections of a nozzle. The plasma gas has been argon, and a range of cross flow velocities has been investigated. The results show that the location of highest temperature is downstream of the location of highest electric field and highest power dissipation because of the asymmetric energy transport. The anode attachment is less constricted and farther downstream than the cathode attachment, however the flow turbulence essentially eliminates the differences in the temperatures and velocities caused by the difference in electrode attachments a short distance downstream. This code can be used to illustrate the influence of the physical parameters in processes where arcs in cross flow are encountered.
Predictive Ability of Emotional Support Resources, Birth Order, Gender, and Grade in Cyberbullying among Gifted Adolescents in Jordan and the Sultanate of Oman: A Comparative Study

The current study aimed to reveal the predictive ability of the emotional support resources, birth order, gender and grade in cyberbullying among gifted adolescents in Jordan and Oman. It also aimed to identify the differences, if any, in electronic bullying (bully, victim) according to the different sources of the emotional support, birth order, gender and grade among a sample of Jordanian and Omani adolescents. The study participants were 340 gifted students from Jordan and Oman, ranging from 13 to 15 years old. The Cyberbullying (bully, victim) and the perceived emotional support scale (family and friends) were used and appropriate methods verified their validity and reliability indicators. The results indicated the possibility of predicting cyberbullying (victim) through the perceived emotional support provided by the family and the student's gender. As for cyberbullying (bully), the results indicated its unpredictability to perceived emotional support from (family and friends), gender, birth order and grade. In addition, significant differences in cyber-bullying (victim) were found in favor of females and males in cyberbullying (bully). The results confirmed the predictive ability of several psychological and personal variables, such as perceived emotional support provided by family and gender and the possibility that gender might have a role in cyberbullying (the victim), which contributes to understanding more psychological, cognitive, personal and social aspects related to cyberbullying behavior, and the need to focus research on knowing the motives behind cyberbullying behavior and on identifying the desires and negatives that the bully seeks to achieve, and the effects of this on the cyberbully and others.
Predicted Light Curves for a Model of Solar Eruptions

We determine the thermal radiation generated by a loss-of-equilibrium model for CMEs and eruptive solar flares. The magnetic configuration of the model consists of an outward-moving flux rope with a vertical current sheet below it. Reconnection at the sheet releases magnetic energy, some of which is converted into thermal energy that drives chromospheric evaporation along the newly connected field lines exiting the current sheet. The thermal energy release is calculated by assuming that all of the Poynting flux flowing into the reconnection region is eventually thermalized. We find that the fraction of the released magnetic energy that goes into thermal energy depends on the inflow Alfvén Mach number. The evolution of the temperatures and densities resulting from chromospheric evaporation is calculated using a simple evaporative cooling model. Using these temperatures and densities, we calculate simulated flare light curves for TRACE, the SXT on Yohkoh, and GOES. We find that when the background magnetic field strength is weak, the radiation emitted by the reconnected X-ray loops beneath a CME is faint. Additionally, it is possible to have two CMEs with nearly the same trajectories and speeds that have a significant difference in the peak intensities of their light curves. We also examine the relationship between the thermal energy release rate and the derivative of the soft X-ray light curve and discuss the implications for the Neupert effect.
Income and investment, not energy policy, are driving GHG emission intensities

Global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions continue to rise but, at the same time, emission intensities associated with domestic consumption and territorial production have declined albeit at vastly different rates across economies. To identify the socioeconomic factors that drive this cross-country variation, we combine input–output modelling with panel data analysis. Using the World Input–Output Database, we estimate GHG intensities separately for domestic consumption and for territorial production. For the regression analysis, we consider several socioeconomic factors that capture development features, exposure to international trade, as well as energy prices and GHG-relevant programmes. Our results show that development-type factors, such as per capita income, capital-labour ratios, and investments, are the primary drivers of cross-country differences. Energy prices and domestic GHG policies are not major drivers. We also find that reductions in intensities are primarily through changes in techniques rather than compositional changes in the structure of economies.
Pandemien i Nordatlanten: Hvordan covid-19 har forenet en polariseret mikronation – og hvordan velkendte konflikter stadig ulmer

Covid-19-pandemien har illustreret betydningen af folkelig støtte til – eller modstand imod – videnskabelige og politiske myndigheder i en undtagelsessituation. Med udgangspunkt i kvantitative komparative undersøgelser er formålet med denne artikel at undersøge folkelige holdninger til coronarelaterede spørgsmål i en demokratisk mikronation i rigsfællesskabet, Færøerne. Dernæst undersøger artiklen, hvilke demografiske individfaktorer kan være med til at forklare folkelig støtte til myndighedernes håndtering og villigheden at lade sig vaccinere. Artiklen konkluderer, at covid-19-pandemien overordnet har forenet den færøske befolkning på tværs af partipolitiske, ideologiske og andre demografiske skillelinjer. Men undersøgelserne viser også, at den folkelige opinion er en omskiftelig størrelse, og at velkendte konfliktlinjer så som politisk ideologi, religion og alder stadig kan forklare folkelige uenigheder om spørgsmål vedrørende covid-19.
On the distribution of wildfire sizes

A variety of models for the wildfire size distribution are examined using data on Los Angeles County wildfires greater than 100 acres between 1950 and 2000. In addition to graphs and likelihood criteria, Kolmogorov–Smirnoff and Cramer–von Mises statistics are used to compare the models. The tapered Pareto distribution appears to fit the data quite well and offers some advantages over the untapered Pareto distribution, while alternatives including the lognormal, half‐normal, exponential and extremal distributions fit poorly. The size distribution appears to be quite stable over the examination period, though inspection of the transformed wildfire sizes for the tapered Pareto reveals some limited trend in the residuals, indicating a very slight gradual decrease in the average fire size in Los Angeles County over these 50 years. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The large-scale structure of FR-II radio sources

The large-scale flow produced by classical and relativistic jets in a uniform external medium is explored using a combination of general arguments and numerical simulations. We find that in both cases, jets with finite initial opening angles are recollimated by the high pressure in the cocoon and that the outer flow becomes approximately self-similar at large times. However, if the opening angle is significantly less than 20°, then there is an intermediate stage during which the working surface propagates at a constant speed, which is of the same order as that in the jet. The behaviour of the relativistic and classical jets is very similar, except that the relativistic jets generate lighter cocoons. Application of the model to Cygnus A gives estimates of the source age and advance speed which agree very well with spectral ageing observations. Quantitative estimates and general arguments suggest that the regularly spaced knots in the Cygnus A jet can be interpreted as shocks associated with reconfinement of an initially free jet, knot 3 of the Cygnus A jet being identified with the reflection point of the reconfinement shock. However, the model predicts too large an initial opening angle for the Cygnus A jets. It is possible that this discrepancy is due to our imposition of axisymmetry which allows the numerical jets to become much better collimated after the reconfinement than they would be in the three-dimensional case. Further study is needed to test this idea.
Comparative Study on Immune Function of the Head and Trunk Kidney in Rainbow Trout Responding to IHNV Infection

A teleost’s kidney was divided into head kidney and trunk kidney. The head kidney is an important lymphatic organ, while the trunk kidney mainly performs osmotic pressure regulation and excretion functions. Previous studies have shown that the teleost’s head kidney exerts a strong immune response against pathogen invasion, while the mechanism of immune response in the trunk kidney is still rarely reported. Therefore, in this study, we established an Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) immersion infection model to compare the similarities and differences of immune response mechanisms between the head kidney and trunk kidney against viral infection. The results showed that IHNV infection causes severe tissue damage and inflammatory reaction in the head and trunk kidney, triggers a series of interferon cascade reactions, and produces strong immune response. In addition, the transcriptome data showed that the head kidney and trunk kidney had similar immune response mechanisms, which showed that the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway were activated. In conclusion, despite functional differentiation, the teleost’s trunk kidney still has a strong immune response, especially the interferon-stimulated genes, which have stronger immune response in the trunk kidney than in the head kidney when responding to IHNV infection. This study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the teleost immune system and enriches the theory of kidney immunity in teleosts.
Effects of quasi-optical components on feed-horn co- and cross-polarisation radiation patterns

Astrophysical experiments dedicated to the study of the Cosmic Microwave Background are in needs of very well defined beam shape in order to get an accurate re-construction of the anisotropies power spectrum. These beams have to be carefully designed, but also properly characterised. Some of these instruments will be located in a cryostat for which filters and windows are necessary, and the effects of these additional optical components on the beam shape need to be taken into account. We present here, measurements of such effects on the co- and cross-polarisation radiation patterns of corrugated horns using a Vector Network Analyser.
Analytical expressions for critical‐band rate and critical bandwidth as a function of frequency

The critical‐band rate as well as the critical bandwidth are functions of frequency. These dependencies have been given in table form. For effective use of these values in computers, relatively simple equations are given to express the dependence of critical‐band rate on frequency with an accuracy better than 0.2 Bark and that of critical bandwidth on frequency with an accuracy better than 10% over the whole auditory range.
On Compact Complex Manifolds with Finite Automorphism Group

Summary. It is known that compact complex manifolds of general type and Kobayashi hyperbolic manifolds have finite automorphism groups. We give criteria for finiteness of the automorphism group of a compact complex manifold which allow us to produce large classes of compact complex manifolds with finite automorphism group but which are neither of general type nor Kobayashi hyperbolic. Notationsandconventions. Our notation and terminology are standard. We assume that complex spaces (in the sense of Serre) are connected and have a countable base of topology. By a complex variety we mean an irreducible complex space, and a complex manifold is an irreducible, nonsingular complex space. We write Hol(X,Y ) for the totality of holomorphic maps of X into Y with the compact-open topology, and Aut(X) is the topological group of all holomorphic automorphisms of the complex space X. We say that a compact complex variety X is restricted if X admits a holomorphic embedding into a complex projective space Pm for some m. By a complex continuum we mean a connected complex space of finite dimension. We denote by kod(X) the Kodaira dimension of a compact complex manifold X, and by �1(X) the fundamental group of X. We say that a compact complex manifold X is a Galois manifold if the fundamental group �1(X) is finite; if this group is moreover abelian, we say that X is an abelian Galois manifold. If a(X) := #Aut(X) < ∞ we say that X is modest; if moreover X is abelian Galois then X is very modest. A variety X is called primary if
ON THE ORIGIN OF BINARY STARS

Until rather recently1 it was commonly believed that spectroscopic binary stars had formed by fission from stellar parents ; and that the visual binaries had formed from independent condensations. In a previous paper2 1 pointed out that this view was almost certainly incorrect and that a single mechanism, i.e., independent condensation, must be held responsible for the origin of all binaries. The reasons for this conclusion were partly empirical and partly theoretical :
Torsemide Pharmacometrics in Healthy Adult Populations Including CYP2C9 Genetic Polymorphisms and Various Patient Groups through Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Modeling

Torsemide is a widely used diuretic in clinical practice. In this study, pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) simulations of torsemide for various population groups and exposure scenarios were performed through human-scale physiologically-based PK-PD (PBPK-PD) modeling of torsemide. For PBPK-PD modeling of torsemide, invitro and clinical data of torsemide reported previously were used. After exposure to clinical doses of torsemide, observed plasma (or serum) concentration and urine torsemide excretion profiles were used as PK-data, and observed urinary sodium excretion rate was used as PD-data. The model was then extended to take into account physiological and biochemical factors according to different CYP2C9 phenotypes or patient populations. The established model captured various torsemide clinical results well. Differences in torsemide PKs and PDs between patient groups or CYP2C9 genetic polymorphisms were modelologically identified. It was confirmed that degrees of differences in torsemide PKs and PDs by disease groups were greater than those according to different CYP2C9 phenotypes. According to torsemide administration frequency or dose change, it was confirmed that although the difference in plasma PKs between groups (healthy adult and patient groups) could increase to 14.80 times, the difference in PDs was reduced to 1.01 times. Results of this study suggested that it is very important to consider disease groups in the setting of torsemide clinical therapy and that it is difficult to predict PD proportionally with only differences in PKs of torsemide between population groups. The PBPK-PD model established in this study is expected to be utilized for various clinical cases involving torsemide application in the future, enabling optimal drug therapy.
Relationship between Anti-Müllerian hormone, antral follicular population and resumption of cyclicity in postpartum buffaloes

The present study was designed to determine the relationship between Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and antral follicular population (AFP), milk yield (MY), body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS) and resumption of cyclicity (RC) in postpartum buffaloes. For the present study, 20 buffaloes divided into 2 groups: Group I (n=10): buffaloes resuming cyclicity <30 days of calving; Group II (n=10): anestrous buffaloes >90 days postpartum. Blood sampling was carried out in all buffaloes in both groups at day 30 postpartum (day 0 considered as calving day). BW and BCS were monitored fortnightly and MY was recorded every week during first month of lactation. In this study, we found that none of the parameters (AMH, MY, BW and BCS) differed significantly, though RC differed between the two groups based on cyclicity, monitored using transrectal ultrasonography. In addition, AFP between the two groups (A: 19.7±4.95 vs 15.7±5.08) showed a trend in difference, though non-significant. Correlation study between the parameters, i.e. AMH, AFP, MY, BW, BCS and RC in postpartum buffaloes revealed nonsignificant correlation between AMH with AFP, MY, BW, BCS and RC in postpartum buffaloes. In summary, this study failed to deduce any relationship between AMH with AFP, MY, BW, BCS and RC in postpartum buffaloes.
Is every quasar beamed

A companion paper (Barthel et al.) reports the discovery of superluminal motion in the core of 4C 34.47, the largest known quasi-stellar radio source. Superluminal motion, the apparent continuity of small- and large-scale one-sided radio jets, and the recently established depolarization asymmetry in luminous quasars find a natural explanation in the effects of relativistic beaming. In the frameworkof of this relativistic beaming model, the available data imply that all radio-loud quasars are beamed toward the earth. Powerful radio galaxies may well form the unbeamed parent population. Radio-quiet QSOs and powerful infrared galaxies can be unified using similar orientation effects. 76 references.