Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Baffin Bay sea ice inflow and outflow: 1978–1979 to 2016–2017

Abstract. Baffin Bay serves as a huge reservoir of sea ice which would provide the solid freshwater sources to the seas downstream. By employing satellite-derived sea ice motion and concentration fields, we obtain a nearly 40-year-long record (1978–1979 to 2016–2017) of the sea ice area flux through key fluxgates of Baffin Bay. Based on the estimates, the Baffin Bay sea ice area budget in terms of inflow and outflow are quantified and possible causes for its interannual variations and trends are analyzed. On average, the annual (September–August) inflows through the northern gate and Lancaster Sound are on the order of 205.8(±74.7)×103 km2 and 55.2(±17.8)×103 km2. In particular, a comparison with published results seems to suggest that about 75 %–85 % of the inflow through the northern gates is newly formed ice produced in the recurring North Water Polynya (NOW), in addition to the inflow via Nares Strait and Jones Sound. Meanwhile, the mean outflow via the southern gate approaches 394.3(±110.2)×103 km2. The distinct interannual variability for ice area flux through the northern gate and southern gate is partly explained by wind forcing associated with cross-gate sea level pressure difference, with correlations of 0.62 and 0.68, respectively. Also, significant increasing trends are found for the annual sea ice area flux through the three gates, amounting to 38.9×103, 82.2×103, and 7.5×103 km2 decade−1 for the northern gate, southern gate, and Lancaster Sound. These trends are chiefly related to the increasing ice motion, which is associated with thinner ice owing to the warmer climate (i.e., higher surface air temperature and shortened freezing period) and increased air and water drag coefficients over the past decades.
Effect of Yakson Touch on Physiological Indicators of Preterm Infants during Painful Procedures; A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trail

Preterm infants are sensitive and experience pain through invasive procedures in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit more than term infants. One of the painful and frequent procedures is cannulation. Aim: this study was to determine the effect of Yakson touch and pacifier on pain and physiological response in preterm infants during cannulation. Methods: a clinical trial of 60 preterm infants was conducted in a NICU affiliated with El-Arbain Hospital, Assiut governorate, Upper Egypt. Sixty preterm infants matched the inclusion criteria were included in this study divided chronologically into two groups (Yakson and control groups). Thirty infants were in each group. Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) was used to evaluate pain responses. Pain and physiological indicators (pulse, respiration, and oxygen saturation) were measured before and after cannulation. Comparison was done among the control and study groups to define the effect. Results: The mean gestational age of the included infants was 33.17 and 33.93 weeks in both the Yakson and control groups respectively, and the weight mean was 1.49 kg with no statistical differences among both groups. While days of life have differed which infants in the control group had high days of life mean. Respiration and pulse rates decreased after the procedure in the Yakson group, while they increased in control. Also, the pain means scores increased after the painful procedure in the control group while decreased in Yakson (control after = 6.03, Yakson after = 3.90). Conclusion: Yakson's touch message successfully decreased pain levels, pulse, and respiration rates among preterm infants exposed to painful procedures. Moreover, performing Yakson improves oxygen saturation levels among preterm infants in the study group. Recommendations : try to incorporate Yakson touch into routine care to maintain preterm infants' stability.
Advances in application of CRISPR-Cas13a system

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPRs) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins serve as an adaptive immune system that safeguards prokaryotes and some of the viruses that infect prokaryotes from foreign nucleic acids (such as viruses and plasmids). The genomes of the majority of archaea and about half of all bacteria contain various CRISPR-Cas systems. CRISPR-Cas systems depend on CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs). They act as a navigation system to specifically cut and destroy foreign nucleic acids by recognizing invading foreign nucleic acids and binding Cas proteins. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the evolution and classification of the CRISPR-Cas system, focusing on the functions and applications of the CRISPR-Cas13a system. We describe the CRISPR-Cas13a system and discuss its RNA-directed ribonuclease function. Meanwhile, we briefly introduce the mechanism of action of the CRISPR-Cas13a system and summarize the applications of the CRISPR-Cas13a system in pathogen detection, eukaryotes, agriculture, biosensors, and human gene therapy. We are right understanding of CRISPR-Cas13a has been broadened, and the CRISPR-Cas13a system will be useful for developing new RNA targeting tools. Therefore, understanding the basic details of the structure, function, and biological characterization of CRISPR-Cas13a effector proteins is critical for optimizing RNA targeting tools.
Features of the Debut as an Early Predictor of The Clinical Prognosis of Schizophrenia with An Episodic A Type of Course

The aim of the study was to determine the prognostic significance of the features of the debut of schizophrenia for the social and labor prognosis at the remote stages of the disease. The results of the study allowed us to establish that the acute onset of the disease at the age of over 20 years are favorable factors for the social and labor prognosis of patients with paroxysmal schizophrenia. Early onset of the disease at the age of 20 years with initial disorders, on the contrary, play the role of unfavorable factors that worsen the prognosis as the disease progresses.
Cloud Microphysical Factors Affecting Simulations of Deep Convection During the Presummer Rainy Season in Southern China

The sensitivity of subtropical deep convection to the parameterization of cloud microphysics is elucidated through high‐resolution modeling of extreme presummer rainfall over southern China. An ensemble of physics configuration experiments is used to identify several drivers of model errors in comparison to radar observations from the South China Monsoon Rainfall Experiment (SCMREX) and remotely sensed estimates of cloud, precipitation, and radiation from satellites in the A‐train constellation. The benefits of increasing the number of prognostic variables in the microphysics scheme is assessed, relative to the effects of the parameterization of cloud microphysical properties and cloud fraction diagnosis. By matching individual parameterizations between the microphysical configurations, it is shown that a small subset of the parameterization changes can reproduce most of the dependence of model performance on physics configuration. In particular, biases that are due to the low‐level clouds and rain are strongly influenced by cloud fraction diagnosis and raindrop size distribution, whereas variations in the effects of high clouds are strongly influenced by differences in the parameterization of ice crystal sedimentation. Hence, for the case studied here, these parameterizations give more insight into the causes of variability in model performance than does the number of model prognostics per se.
In Situ versus Systemic Immune Response in the Pathogenesis of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

The role of the immune response in the pathogenesis of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) due to Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis is predominantly carried out via blood cells. Here, we evaluate whether cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) reflects what has been documented at the lesion site. The participants included 22 CL patients diagnosed with a positive PCR. PBMCs were stimulated for 72 h with a soluble leishmania antigen (SLA). Biopsies obtained from the edge of the ulcers were incubated for the same period. Cytokines in supernatants were assessed via ELISA. TNF, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, and granzyme B (GzmB) were higher in the supernatants of biopsies than in PBMCs, but IFN-γ was higher in the supernatants of PBMCs than in biopsies. There was a positive correlation between IFN-γ and TNF in PBMCs, and an inverse correlation between TNF and IL-10 in the cells from the lesion site. A strong correlation between IL-1β, IL-17, and GzmB was observed in the biopsies, and a positive correlation was detected between these cytokines and the lesion size. Our results indicate that the immune response in L. braziliensis lesions is different from that observed in peripheral blood, and our data suggest that in addition to IL-1β and GzmB, IL-17 participates in the pathology of CL.
A Unified Model Spectrum for Anisotropic Stratified and Isotropic Turbulence in the Ocean and Atmosphere

In the decade or so below the Ozmidov wavenumber (N3/ε)1/2, that is, on scales between those attributed to internal gravity waves and isotropic turbulence, ocean and atmosphere measurements consistently find k1/3 horizontal wavenumber spectra for horizontal shear uh and horizontal temperature gradient Th and m−1 vertical wavenumber spectra for vertical shear uz and strain ξz. Dimensional scaling is used to construct model spectra below as well as above the Ozmidov wavenumber that reproduces observed spectral slopes and levels in these two bands in both vertical and horizontal wavenumber. Aspect ratios become increasingly anisotropic below the Ozmidov wavenumber until reaching ~O(f/N), where horizontal shear uh ~ f. The forward energy cascade below the Ozmidov wavenumber found in observations and numerical simulations suggests that anisotropic and isotropic turbulence are manifestations of the same nonlinear downscale energy cascade to dissipation, and that this turbulent cascade originates from anisotropic instability of finescale internal waves at horizontal wavenumbers far below the Ozmidov wavenumber. Isotropic turbulence emerges as the cascade proceeds through the Ozmidov wavenumber where shears become strong enough to overcome stratification. This contrasts with the present paradigm that geophysical isotropic turbulence arises directly from breaking internal waves. This new interpretation of the observations calls for new approaches to understand anisotropic generation of geophysical turbulence patches.
Influence of Northern Hemisphere climate and global sea level rise on the restricted Red Sea marine environment during termination I

[1] We present high-resolution paleoceanographic records of surface and deep water conditions within the northern Red Sea covering the last glacial maximum and termination I using alkenone paleothermometry, stable oxygen isotopes, and sediment compositional data. Paleoceanographic records in the restricted desert-surrounded northern Red Sea are strongly affected by the stepwise sea level rise and appear to record and amplify well-known millennial-scale climate events from the North Atlantic realm. During the last glacial maximum (LGM), sea surface temperatures were about 4°C cooler than the late Holocene. Pronounced coolings associated with Heinrich event 1 (∼2°C below the LGM level) and the Younger Dryas imply strong atmospheric teleconnections to the North Atlantic. Owing to the restricted exchange with the Indian Ocean, Red Sea salinity is particularly sensitive to changes in global sea level. Paleosalinities exceeded 50 psu during the LGM. A pronounced freshening of the surface waters is associated with the meltwater peaks MWP1a and MWP1b owing to an increased surface-near inflow of “normal” saline water from the Indian Ocean. Vertical δ18O gradients are also increased during these phases, indicating stronger surface water stratification. The combined effect of deglacial changes in sea surface temperature and salinity on water column stratification initiated the formation of two sapropel layers, which were deposited under almost anoxic condition in a stagnant water body.
The prediction and analysis of heart disease using XGBoost algorithm

Heart diseases remain a global health concern, with their intricate aetiology and multifactorial risk factors making early diagnosis challenging. Recognizing the pressing need for accurate prediction tools, this research ventured into harnessing the power of machine learning, notably the Xtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm, to fill this gap. The main object is to devise a robust predictive framework capable of early and accurate identification of heart disease. Specifically, our methodology unfolded systematically, beginning with data preprocessing, then delving into incisive feature selection, rigorous model training, and finally, thorough evaluation. This study is meticulously conducted on the heart.csv dataset, a comprehensive repository of cardiovascular data points. The experimental outcomes were nothing short of revelatory. Not only did the XGBoost model manifest superior performance metrics, but its precision also outpaced several contemporary models referenced in existing literature. Ultimately, our findings underscore the profound potential of the XGBoost algorithm in heart disease predictions. Beyond academic intrigue, this research holds tangible implications for healthcare practitioners, potentially offering a novel tool for early interventions and patient management.
The direct link between adult hippocampal neurogenesis and mouse’s enhanced vulnerability to drug addiction

Drug addiction has long been a problem in human history, causing a series of physiological and mental issues. Among them, cocaine is known for its relatively strong damage to the human body, and many studies have been done on its addictive features. Throughout the past decade, researchers have been perpetually searching for ways to improve the treatment for drug addiction, especially cocaine addiction. By testing the effect of reduced adult hippocampal neurogenesis on mice, researchers in previous studies have found that there exists either a direct or indirect relationship between adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) and cocaine addiction. This article examines previous studies that used cocaine to test the relationship between reduced AHN and the vulnerability to addiction in mice and compares cocaine with other types of strong drugs to analyze whether the same relationship with AHN exists for those drugs as well.
The Effect of the Stringent Response and Oxidative Stress Response on Fitness Costs of De Novo Acquisition of Antibiotic Resistance

Resistance evolution during exposure to non-lethal levels of antibiotics is influenced by various stress responses of bacteria which are known to affect growth rate. Here, we aim to disentangle how the interplay between resistance development and associated fitness costs is affected by stress responses. We performed de novo resistance evolution of wild-type strains and single-gene knockout strains in stress response pathways using four different antibiotics. Throughout resistance development, the increase in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is accompanied by a gradual decrease in growth rate, most pronounced in amoxicillin or kanamycin. By measuring biomass yield on glucose and whole-genome sequences at intermediate and final time points, we identified two patterns of how the stress responses affect the correlation between MIC and growth rate. First, single-gene knockout E. coli strains associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) acquire resistance faster, and mutations related to antibiotic permeability and pumping out occur earlier. This increases the metabolic burden of resistant bacteria. Second, the ΔrelA knockout strain, which has reduced (p)ppGpp synthesis, is restricted in its stringent response, leading to diminished growth rates. The ROS-related mutagenesis and the stringent response increase metabolic burdens during resistance development, causing lower growth rates and higher fitness costs.
A role of Excel program in telecommunication processes simulation

This paper presents the simulation of mobile telephony systems realized in Excel program. Although primarily intended for other applications, Excel has several advantages over other specialized programs for simulation purposes. Excel application for simulation is illustrated by several examples from already published papers with the main goal to describe the most important part of realized simulations that allows determination of all important characteristics of telecommunication traffic process. Beside traffic process, the Excel application allows a reliable simulation of base station emission power starting from a random distance between the base station and mobile station.
The Effects of Using Knee Wraps on Back Squat and Vertical Jump Performance.

iv CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION.1 CHAPTER II: THE EFFECTS OF USING KNEE WRAPS ON VERTICAL JUMP PERFORMANCE.4 INTRODUCTION.4 METHODS.5 RESULTS.9 DISCUSSION.11 CHAPTER III: THE EFFECTS OF USING KNEE WRAPS ON BACK SQUAT AND VERTICAL JUMP PERFORMANCE.14 INTRODUCTION.14 METHODS.15 RESULTS.21 DISCUSSION.28 CHAPTER IV: THE EFFECTS OF USING KNEE WRAPS ON BACK SQUAT, POST-EXERCISE PERFORMANCE, AND PERFORMANCE RECOVERY.3
Deep Atlantic Ocean Warming Facilitated by the Deep Western Boundary Current and Equatorial Kelvin Waves

Increased heat storage in deep oceans has been proposed to account for the slowdown of global surface warming since the end of the twentieth century. How the imbalanced heat at the surface has been redistributed to deep oceans remains to be elucidated. Here, the evolution of deep Atlantic Ocean heat storage since 1950 on multidecadal or longer time scales is revealed. The anomalous heat in the deep Labrador Sea was transported southward by the shallower core of the deep western boundary current (DWBC). Upon reaching the equator around 1980, this heat transport route bifurcated into two, with one continuing southward along the DWBC and the other extending eastward along a narrow strip (about 4° width) centered at the equator. In the 1990s and 2000s, meridional diffusion helped to spread warming in the tropics, making the eastward equatorial warming extension have a narrow head and wider tail. The deep Atlantic Ocean warming since 1950 had overlapping variability of approximately 60 years. The results suggest that the current basinwide Atlantic Ocean warming at depths of 1000–2000 m can be traced back to the subsurface warming in the Labrador Sea in the 1950s. An inference from these results is that the increased heat storage in the twenty-first century in the deep Atlantic Ocean is unlikely to partly account for the atmospheric radiative imbalance during the last two decades and to serve as an explanation for the current warming hiatus.
Executive Accountability

Because technology reaches across and beyond the entire organization, there is a critical need for executive accountability, leadership, and involvement to achieve measurable business benefits from technology investments. Too often, the absence of strategic thinking, unverified technology benefits, ineffective organizational collaboration, and vague or dispersed managerial accountability seriously undermine the potential results that could otherwise be achieved from critical initiatives. The authors look realistically at how technology is chosen, how to evaluate existing technology, and how to deliver value. To change the typical pattern of failure, organizations must move away from the proliferation of blame. When accountability is not specified or when executives fail to take full ownership, the value technology delivers to the company is at risk. Executives can immediately improve the delivery of value from technology by implementing organization-wide collaboration and decision-making that ensures all voices are heard. A second crucial action to undertake is measurement, and this book describes the limits of only looking at problems from a financial perspective, identifies available tools, and offers new perspectives on measuring technology value. A third action is strategic initiative management, an oversight process that ensures that the consistent delivery of business benefits from technology initiatives is visible to executives while projects are under way.
Imaging Fibre Deformations

A new experimental technique is presented that allows the direct observation of fibre deformation during wet pressing. Pulp fibres were wet pressed onto a glass slide and the region where two fibres crossed was examined microscopically through the glass. While the underlying fibre was in contact with the glass slide down its length, the overlying fibre must span from the top of the fibre to the glass slide. The geometry of the intersection is controlled by both the local conformability of the overlying fibre and the deformability of the underlying fibre. It is not primarily controlled by the longitudinal flexibility of a fibre. The method provides new opportunities to investigate the effect of mechanical and chemical treatment on the papermaking properties of pulp fibres in both the dry and wet state.
Social Media Impact on the 'Cosmos' Blockchain Ecosystem: State and Prospect

The proliferation of blockchain technology heralds transformative impacts across various sectors, offering decentralization, transparency, and enhanced security. This paper explores the unique case of Cosmos, a scalable blockchain ecosystem designed to address the challenges of isolation and interoperability among existing blockchains. With its implementation of Tendermint consensus and the Inter-Blockchain Communication protocol, Cosmos stands out in facilitating seamless cross-blockchain interactions. The ATOM token serves a dual role as the network’s currency and a governance tool, empowering stakeholders in decision-making processes. Significantly, this study investigates the intricate relationship between Cosmos and social media platforms, examining how online sentiment influences voting on governance proposals, with a detailed analysis of two specific proposals. Furthermore, the paper delves into Cosmos’ integral role in the burgeoning Decentralized Finance sector, underscoring how its modular architecture fosters financial innovation. In the broader context, there are numerous PoS (Proof of Stake) networks. Cosmos, one of the foundational and longstanding projects, exemplifies a classic blockchain economic model, making it an ideal subject for this analysis. Finally, the paper assesses Cosmos’ contribution to the overarching Web3 vision, asserting its significance as a foundational element for a decentralized, user-oriented digital framework. Our findings illuminate Cosmos’ multifaceted impact, from technological innovation to reshaping societal structures, reaffirming blockchain’s potential in redefining modern paradigms. JEL Classification Codes: M31; M15; C58; L17 MSC 2010 Subject Classification Codes: 00A06; 37M10; 62M10; 91B84; 91B82
Evaluating the Effects of Anesthetic Agents on Geriatrics to Enhance Perioperative Care Practices: A Narrative Review

- Elderly patients have altered physiology in systems such as the cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, digestive, and metabolic systems, which influences the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anesthetic drugs used during surgery. The free percentage of anesthetic drugs available is also affected by variations in plasma protein concentrations in geriatric individuals. The death rate among older individuals rises after surgery due to various comorbidities which additionally impact the effect of anaesthetic drugs. Pre-or post-operation, the clinically significant parameters such as vital sign monitoring in geriatric patients, positioning, induction and maintenance doses of the anesthetic agent, and anesthesia type must be chosen carefully to optimize the perioperative care practices and better outcomes. The purpose of this narrative review is to provide current information on the effects of anesthetic agents on older patients, as well as to optimize perioperative care practices.