Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fault-tolerant computing: fundamental concepts

The basic concepts of fault-tolerant computing are reviewed, focusing on hardware. Failures, faults, and errors in digital systems are examined, and measures of dependability, which dictate and evaluate fault-tolerance strategies for different classes of applications, are defined. The elements of fault-tolerance strategies are identified, and various strategies are reviewed. They are: error detection, masking, and correction; error detection and correction codes; self-checking logic; module replication for error detection and masking; protocol and timing checks; fault containment; reconfiguration and repair; and system recovery. <<ETX>>
Content and character of nutrient in water environment of cage culture, Yaling Bay

Based on the field investigation in April and July 2002 in the cage cultural water area, Yaling Bay, the existent character, content and N/P ratio are discussed. At last the article concluded that the main form of the dissolved inorganic is ammonia and the main form of the inorganic phosphorus was the dissolved phosphorus, and that nitrogen is the limited factor the growth of the plankton in sea area , Yaling Bay, and that the aquiculture can be able to decrease the ratio of the nitrogen and phosphorus. 
Raised interleukin-10 is an indicator of poor outcome and enhanced systemic inflammation in patients with acute coronary syndrome

Objectives: To re-evaluate the relation between plasma interleukin-10 (IL-10) concentration at hospital admission and outcome and to investigate the impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the IL-10 gene in patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Design: Determination of IL-10 plasma concentrations and genotyping of SNPs in the IL-10 gene in a prospective trial of patients with ACS and in a group of healthy controls. Patients: 3179 patients in the Fragmin and fast revascularisation during InStability in Coronary artery disease II (FRISC II) trial and 393 healthy controls. Main outcome measures: Mortality and incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) at 12 months. Results: The median and interquartile ranges of IL-10 were 0.8 (0.5–1.0) pg/ml in healthy controls and 1.1 (0.7–1.9) pg/ml in patients (p<0.001). In patients, IL-10 predicted a crude risk increase of death/MI, with the highest risk observed in the fourth quartile (adjusted odds ratio 1.7 (95% confidence interval 1.2 to 2.3)). Adjustment for common risk indicators, including C-reactive protein and interleukin-6, weakened the association to a non-significant level. The 1170 CC genotype weakly predicted increased plasma concentrations of IL-10 in patients (p = 0.04) and in controls (p = 0.03), which was consistent with the modest association of this variant with coronary disease (p = 0.01). Conclusion: In contrast with some previous reports, we conclude that IL-10 reflects a proinflammatory state in patients with ACS and we therefore suggest that IL-10 is as effective a biomarker for the risk prediction of future cardiovascular events as other markers of systemic inflammation.
Effect of Music on Blood Pressure in Pre-Hypertensive Women in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy

DOI: 10.21276/sjams.2017. 5.12. 18 Abstract: High levels of stress and anxiety during pregnancy is common for women. Music therapy is known to be effective for hypertensive and pre hypertensive adults. We decided to study effects of receptive music therapy on BP and pulse rate in hospitalized pre-hypertensive women in the third trimester of pregnancy. One Hundred women in the third trimester of pregnancy with pre-hypertension were included in the study. They were divided into study and control group; each consisting of 50 subjects. Subjects included in this group were asked to come daily or at least six times a week for continuous three months duration for a music course. Two recordings of Blood Pressure were taken before and after music therapy. Our study showed that music therapy had a profound influence on the Blood Pressure. In study group Both the SBP and DBP showed significantly lower value after music therapy.
The "Divide and Conquer" technique to solve the Minimum Area Polygonalization problem

We consider an application of the divide and conquer technique to the Minimum Area Polygonalization (MAP) problem. It is known that MAP problem belongs to NP-Hard set of problems. In this paper we propose a heuristic algorithm for solving the Minimum Area Polygonalization problem that is based on recursive subdivision of the set of points into two smaller subsets, constructing approximated solutions for the subsets and merging them with respect to minimizing the total area using the minimum area quadrilateral between two polygons. The algorithm of finding such a quadrilateral is described at this paper as well. Time complexity of the entire algorithm is $O(n^{2}$) using $O(n$) memory.
Does the Expectation or Realization of a Federal Election Precipitate Canadian Output Growth? (Est-Ce Que Lanticipation Ou La Tenue Dune Lection Fdrale a Un Effet Dclencheur Sur La Croissance Du Produit Canadien?)

This paper asks whether Canadian data is consistent with the predicted effects of political opportunism, partisanship, and political competition on real output growth since Confederation. Using annual data from 1870 to 2005 we find new support for an opportunistic electoral cycle in Canadian data but only if the actual election date used in most studies is replaced by an estimate of the incumbent governing party's subjectively held likelihood of an election arising. In our case the estimate is generated from a Cox-proportional hazard model. The paper explores in detail the issues raised by using a generated regressor to approximate a subjectively held expectation versus an observable proxy and argues that these conditions are met in our case. Finally we also find evidence consistent with partisan cycles in the data but much less evidence consistent with the hypothesis that changes in the degree of political competition have affected real output growth.
Estimation of Blooming Date for Prunus yedoensis by Means of Kinetic Method

An attempt is made to estimate blooming dates of Prunus yedoensis for 21 meteorological stations in Japan by using DTS (the number of days transformed to standard temperature). The starting date for computation at each station is determined by correlation analysis. At many stations the date lies between 40 and 55th day from January 1st.The number of days transformed to a standard temperature (in this study 25°C is used) at each station is computed by adding characteristic temperature of each day from a starting date to blooming date for various temperature characteristic (Ea). The estimated blooming date is the date when accumulated value of DTS reached at that of mean observed blooming date for the site.It is found that 17kcal mol-1 for Ea gives minimum error when averaged over all sites. Using this Ea and D2 which is the starting date determined from error analysis, computations are made to estimate blooming dates at each station between 1961 and 1985. It is shown that at stations in Hokkaido and Tohoku districts, RMS errors between the observed and the calculated blooming dates fall between 1 and 2 days. At stations in other areas, the errors range between 2 and 3, except for Hachijo where it becomes 6.7 days. The large error at this southernmost station seemed to be attributed to year to year change of degrees of rest completion of Prunus yedoensis, which affect effectiveness of temperature just before blooming.
Dynamics of Establishment of Selective Withdrawal of a Stratified Fluid from a Point Sink.

Numerical studies of establishment of selective withdrawal from a point sink of a linearly stratified Boussinesq fluid in a reservour of uniform depth have been performed. The flow, which is axisymmetric with respect to the vertical axis passing through the point sink, is mainly characterized by the Froude number (Fr). When the Froude number is small, the columnar disturbance modes propagate upstream in the same manner as in the line sink flow (two dimensional) case and that the selective withdrawal is established. We have found, however, the major difference in the large Froude number flows, where in the two dimensional case the columnar disturbances can not propagate upstream, while in the axisymmetric case these can propagate upstream for any finite Froude number except infinity. Amplitude of these columnar disturbances relative to a basic current velocity becomes smaller as the Froude number increases so that the selective withdrawal ceases to occur at Fr=1.5.
Estimates of

: The characterization of runs of homozygosity (ROH), using high-density single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) allows inferences to be made about the past demographic history of animal populations and the genomic ROH has become a common approach to characterize the inbreeding. We aimed to analyze and characterize ROH patterns and compare di ﬀ erent genomic and pedigree-based methods to estimate the inbreeding coe ﬃ cient in two pure lines (POP A and B) and one recently admixed line (POP C) of coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch ) breeding nuclei, genotyped using a 200 K A ﬀ ymetrix Axiom ® myDesign Custom SNP Array. A large number and greater mean length of ROH were found for the two “pure” lines and the recently admixed line (POP C) showed the lowest number and smaller mean length of ROH. The ROH analysis for di ﬀ erent length classes suggests that all three coho salmon lines the genome is largely composed of a high number of short segments ( < 4 Mb), and for POP C no segment > 16 Mb was found. A high variable number of ROH, mean length and inbreeding values across chromosomes; positively the consequence of artiﬁcial selection. Pedigree-based inbreeding values tended to underestimate genomic-based inbreeding levels, which in turn varied depending on the method used for estimation. The high positive correlations between di ﬀ erent genomic-based inbreeding coe ﬃ cients suggest that they are consistent and may be more accurate than pedigree-based methods, given that they capture information from past and more recent demographic events, even when there are no pedigree records available.
Splice Characteristics of Hole-assisted Bending-loss Insensitive Fiber

We investigate the splice characteristics of single-mode holeassisted fiber (HAF) with a low bending loss. Satisfactory splice characteristics including temperature cycle properties are achieved with a fusion splice and connectorized HAF. We also investigate the mechanical splice characteristics of HAF. We clarify the optimum mechanical splice conditions numerically, and confirm the validity of the derived conditions experimentally. These results reveal that a single-mode and bending-loss insensitive HAF could be used in future FTTH networks by utilizing the described splicing techniques.
Basic Laws of Object Modeling

Semantics-preserving model transformations are usually proposed in an ad hoc way because it is difficult to prove that they are sound with respect to a formal semantics. So, simple mistakes lead to incorrect transformations that might, for example, introduce inconsistencies to a model. In order to avoid that, we propose a set of simple modeling laws (which can be seen as bi-directional transformations) that can be used to safely derive more complex semanticspreserving transformations, such as refactorings which are useful, for example, to introduce design patterns into a model. Our laws are specific for Alloy, a formal object-oriented modeling language, but they can be leveraged to other object modeling notations. We illustrate their applicability by formally refactoring Alloy models with subtypes in order to improve the analysis performed by the Alloy Analyzer tool.
International Review of Law and Economics Regulatory changes and long-run relationships of the EMU sovereign debt markets: Implications for future policy framework

We estimate the time-varying long-run correlations of European sovereign bond markets to identify speciﬁc effects that are attributed to changing European regulatory and political dynamics over the last twenty years. Our empirical results from using the DCC-MIDAS methodology indicate that regulatory changes in Europe have created signiﬁcant and negative impact on the long-run correlations within the month where the regulation is decided to be taken into action. This impact still remains in the following months and robust with respect to the trend component of the long-run correlations. A direct implication is that the more regulations the EU attempts to put in place, the lower the long-run convergence process of sovereign bond markets is. We then analyse the structural shifts in the long-run correlation dynamics with penalized contrasts methodology and try to ﬁnd out the reasons of these severe changes. Accordingly, some of the structural shifts overlap with the dates of a limited number of regulatory changes, in addition to the major global economic and political events.
I Drive My Car and My States Drive Me: Visualizing Driver's Emotional and Physical States

Drivers' emotional and physical states have a big impact on their driving performance. New technological sensing methods are currently investigated and will soon allow to automatically detect the driver's state. Yet, how to communicate the detected state to the driver is less well understood. In an iterative design process, we developed two concepts to increase the driver's awareness of this issue: (1) a dashboard which provides a continuous overview of four potentially safety-critical states, namely drowsiness, aggressiveness, high workload, and hypoglycaemia, and (2) on-time warnings which alert the driver to an immediate safety risk. We then let 70 drivers experience both concepts in a driving simulation and collected their qualitative feedback in post-study interviews. We found that participants preferred to receive only safety-critical notifications of the driver's state but appreciated a progressive status indicator for easier interpretation. Based on our findings, we suggest first recommendations for visualizing driver's states.
Realistic Bug Synthesis for Testing Bug-Finding Tools Anonymous

In spite of decades of research in bug detection tools, there is a surprising dearth of ground-truth corpora that can be used to evaluate the efficacy of such tools. Recently, systems such as LAVA and EvilCoder have been proposed to automatically inject bugs into software to quickly generate large bug corpora, but the bugs created so far differ from naturally occurring bugs in a number of ways. In this work, we propose a new automated bug injection system, Apocalypse, that uses formal techniques—symbolic execution, constraint-based program synthesis and model counting—to automatically inject realistic (uses the program’s control and data-flow), deep (requires a long sequence of dependencies to be satisfied to fire), uncorrelated (each bug behaves independent of others), reproducible (comes with a trigger input) and rare (fires on a very few program inputs) bugs in large software code bases. In our evaluation, we inject bugs into thirty Coreutils programs as well as the TCAS test suite. We find that Apocalypse’s bugs are highly realistic under a variety of metrics, that they do not favor a particular bugfinding strategy (unlike bugs produced by LAVA), and that they are more difficult to find than hand-injected bugs, requiring up around 240× more tests to discover with a state-of-the-art symbolic execution tool. ACM Reference Format: AnonymousAuthor(s). 2018. Realistic Bug Synthesis for Testing Bug-Finding Tools. In Proceedings of The 26th ACM Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC/FSE 2018). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 10 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/
WEAPON DETECTION AND ALERT SYSTEM IN ATMs

-Security is always a main concern in every domain, due to a rise in crime rate in a crowded event or suspicious lonely areas. Abnormal detection and monitoring have major applications of computer vision to tackle various problems. Due to growing demand in the protection of safety, security and personal properties, needs and deployment of video surveillance systems can recognize and interpret the scene and anomaly events play a vital role in intelligence monitoring. This project implements automatic gun (or) knife detection using a yolo convolution neural network (CNN) based algorithm. The trained model will be able to detect gun or knife based on the prê-trained yolo file and alert via buzzer and sends an alert to preset authorized user or police station. Victim can also alert via voice whenever there is treat, victim should press the emergency button and say help this voice is recognized and immediately alert will be sent with captured scene.
Lipid profile and levels of homocysteine , leptin , fibrinogen and C-reactive protein in hyperthyroid patients before and after treatment

Bulgular: Hipertiroid hastalarının tedavi öncesi t-hcy, TC, LDL-Kolesterol, HDL-Kolesterol düzeyleri ve BMI tedavi sonrası düzeylerden daha düşüktü (tüm değişkenler için, p<0.001). Bununla birlikte, fibrinojen ve ESR tedaviden sonra azaldı (sırasıyla, p<0.001; p<0.05). Tedavi öncesi ve sonrası leptin ve CRP seviyeleri arasında fark yoktu (p>0.05). Tedavi öncesi ve sonrası TC ve LDL-K serbest triiodotironin (fT3) düzeyleri ile negatif olarak korele idi (sırasıyla, r=-0.588, p<0.01; r=-0.534, p<0.01; r=-0.543, p<0.01 ve r=-0.653, p<0.01). Tedavi öncesi HDL-K TSH ile tersine uyumluydu (r=-0.423, p<0.05). Tedavi öncesi ve sonrası LDL-K serbest tiroksin (fT4) düzeyleri ile negatif uyumluydu (sırasıyla, r=-0.536, p<0.001 ve r=-0.422, p<0.05). Tedavi öncesi TC seviyeleri ile fT4 arasında tersine bir uyum vardı (r=-0.590, p<0.01).
Testing the palaeoclimatic significance of the Northern Irish bog oak record

We present an analysis of the Northern Irish bog oak record presented in Turney et al. (2005) for the last 4500 years. The record is compared with a compiled peatland water table record from the same region and palaeohydrological data from northern England and mid-latitude Europe. It is apparent that there is no consistent relationship between the population frequency of Irish bog oaks and the palaeohydrological reconstructions, illustrating that the record is not reflecting wetness changes in peatlands. We suggest that the bog oaks should be scrutinised on a within-site and a site-by-site basis to assess the spatial coherency of the shifts in tree populations and the synchronicity of phases of germination and dying off (GDO). Further work is needed to critically examine the controls on the establishment and demise of bog oaks on Irish peatlands before these data can be used as a palaeoclimate proxy. Only then can they be used to test solar forcing of Holocene climate change.
Metallic iron for environmental remediation : Learning from Electrocoagulation 1 2 3 4 5

The interpretation of processes yielding aqueous contaminant removal in the presence of elemental iron (e.g., in Fe/H2O systems) is subject to numerous complications. Reductive transformations by Fe and its primary corrosion products (Fe and H/H2) as well as adsorption onto and co-precipitation with secondary and tertiary iron corrosion products (iron hydroxides, oxyhydroxides, and mixed valence Fe/Fe green rusts) are considered the main removal mechanisms on a case-to-case basis. Recent progress involving adsorption and coprecipitation as fundamental contaminant removal mechanisms have faced a certain scepticism. This work shows that results from electrocoagulation (EC), using iron as sacrificial electrode, support the adsorption/co-precipitation concept. It is reiterated that despite a century of commercial use of EC, the scientific understanding of the complex chemical and physical processes involved is still incomplete.
Relativistic eﬀects in the chaotic Sitnikov problem

We investigate the phase space structure of the relativistic Sitnikov problem in the ﬁrst post-Newtonian approximation. The phase space portraits show a strong dependence on the gravitational radius which describes the strength of the relativistic pericentre advance. Bifurcations appearing at increasing the gravitational radius are presented. Transient chaotic behavior related to escapes from the primaries are also studied. Finally, the numerically determined chaotic saddle is investigated in the context of hyperbolic and non-hyperbolic dynamics as a function of the gravitational radius.
Improved methods for detection and arrival picking of microseismic events with low signal-to-noise ratios

ABSTRACTDetection and arrival picking of microseismic events with low signal-to-noise ratios (S/N) are problematic because these events are usually obscured by ambient noise. We have developed an intraevent coherence-based event detection method to address this problem. The innovations of this method include the adaptation of a crosscorrelation, least-squares-based algorithm to achieve better moveout correction for successive record segments and the use of a multichannel semblance coefficient to identify the microseismic events. After finding the events, we adopted a new picker to determine their P- and S-wave arrival times. This picker was developed by combining three aspects of the distinction between seismic signal and ambient noise, namely, the (1) amplitude, (2) polarization, and (3) statistic property differences. We evaluated the performance of the proposed methods using a real data set recorded during an 11-stage hydraulic fracture stimulation. We have determined that, for microseismic event detec.
Importers , Exporters , and Exchange Rate Disconnect ∗

Large exporters are simultaneously large importers. In this paper, we show that this pattern is key to understanding low aggregate exchange rate pass-through as well as the variation in pass-through across exporters. First, we develop a theoretical framework that combines variable markups due to strategic complementarities and endogenous choice to import intermediate inputs. The model predicts that rms with high import shares and high market shares have low exchange rate pass-through. Second, we test and quantify the theoretical mechanisms using Belgian rm-product-level data with information on exports by destination and imports by source country. We con rm that import intensity and market share are the prime determinants of pass-through in the cross-section of rms. A small exporter with no imported inputs has a nearly complete pass-through of over 90%, while a rm at the 95th percentile of both import intensity and market share distributions has a pass-through of 56%, with the marginal cost and markup channels playing roughly equal roles. The largest exporters are simultaneously high-market-share and high-import-intensity rms, which helps explain the low aggregate pass-through and exchange rate disconnect observed in the data.
Exploring cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying endothelial heterogeneity in sepsis

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Endothelial cells (EC) are actively involved in sepsis-associated (micro)vascular disturbances and subsequent organ dysfunction. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a Gram-negative bacterial product, can activate EC leading to the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules. This process is molecularly regulated by specific receptors and distinct, yet poorly understood intracellular signalling pathways.