Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design of a Configurable 4-Channel Analog Front-End for EEG Signal Acquisition on 180nm CMOS Process

In this work, a 4-channel Analog Front-End (AFE) circuit has been proposed for EEG signal recording. For EEG recording systems, the AFE may handle a wide range of sensor inputs with high input impedance, adjustable gain, low noise, and wide bandwidth. The buffer or current-to-voltage converter block (BCV), which can be set to operate as a buffer or a current-to-voltage converter circuit, is positioned between the electrode and the main amplifier stages of the AFE to achieve high input impedance and work with sensor signal types. A chopper capacitively-coupled instrumentation amplifier (CCIA) is positioned after the BCV as the main amplifier stage of the AFE to reduce input-referred noise and balance the impedance of the overall AFE system. A programmable gain amplifier (PGA) is the third stage of the AFE that allows the overall gain of the AFE to be adjusted. The suggested AFE operates in a wide frequency range of 0.5 Hz to 2 kHz with a high input impedance bigger than 2TΩ, and it is constructed and simulated using a 180nm CMOS process. With the lowest 100-dB CMRR and low input-referred noise of 1.8 µVrms, the AFE can achieve low noise efficiency. EEG signals can be acquired with this AFE system, which is very useful for detecting epilepsy and seizures.
The Application of Fluid Mechanics in The Research of Classic Car Design In BMW

Since Thomas Newcomen invented the world's first steam engine in 1712 and applied it to automobiles for the first time in 1769. For the next 100 years or so, efforts were made to increase the horsepower of automobiles until 1889 when people realized the importance of aerodynamics and began to take it forward. This article will study the design and interpretation of the shapes of some devices that help to reduce the air drag coefficient of an automobile and the principles behind them, based on the principles of hydrodynamics, Bernoulli's principle, the vortex principle, and the boundary layer principle. This paper follows the logic of juxtaposition. From the design used by BMW on its classic models, it presents the effect of different accessories on the wind resistance of the vehicle. The improvement of the aerodynamics of the car with designs such as the rear wing as well as air intakes on the aerodynamics of the whole car is identified. It is hoped that the arguments derived in this paper will help automotive practitioners in their designs.
Roaming the Rocky Mountains and Environs: Geological Field Trips

Prepared following the 2007 GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, these 15 guides illustrate the latest geological and archeological thinking on a variety of current research themes. Regional-scale topics include landscape responses to dynamic processes of volcanism and uplift in Yellowstone and western Colorado, geomorphic evolution along the Front Range of Colorado and on the High Plains of South Dakota, and geoarchaeological research in central Colorado and western Nebraska. A series of papers illustrates tectonic and stratigraphic processes through time and space, with discussions of Precambrian structures in western Colorado, Jurassic deposition in south-central Colorado, and near-shore stratigraphic patterns in the Cretaceous strata of the Book Cliffs. One paper reviews potential seismic signatures in Cretaceous and Early Tertiary strata in northern Wyoming and Montana, and another discusses patterns of extension in southern Nevada and adjacent portions of California. Other topics in this well-rounded volume include the history of volcanism and gold mineralization at Cripple Creek, development of coalbed methane resources in the Powder River Basin, and a long-lived subsurface coal fire in western Colorado. Follow in the footsteps of these field trips, and see for yourself the patterns and evidence discussed.
Growth Trajectory of Body Size in Baduy People

ENENG NUNUZ ROHMATULLAYALY. Growth Trajectory of Body Size in Baduy People. Supervised by BAMBANG SURYOBROTO, ACHMAD FARAJALLAH. The measurenment of body size is the best way to find out the health, nutritional status and quality of life of a population. Many indigenous populations that are local, scattered, and less or not involved in the network of social services, economic and politics, have specific growth trajectories. Baduy people are indigenous population which is more-or-less socially isolated. Marriage is restricted among Baduy people only. Present study aims to determine the growth trajectory of female and male of Baduy people with cross-sectional method. Body size of Baduy people may be categorized as same size as pygmy population. They have a slow growth rate at child to juvenile transition, low and long growth spurt with prolonged growth well beyond reproductive maturation. Low growth spurt, which leads to small body size in the growing period, may be a saving on body maintenance costs. Prolonged somatic growth offset the slow growth rate at child to juvenile transition and low growth spurt. Baduy people older than 30 year are shorter and smaller than younger people, suggesting secular trend.
La morphologie dentaire des Thalattosuchia (Crocodylia, Mesosuchia)

The tooth morphology of the Thalattosuchia (marine crocodilians from the Jurassic and the Early Cretaceous) is analysed. The Callovian from Poitou and the Kimmeridgian from Quercy have yielded many remains of Metriorhynchus, Steneosaurus and Machimosaurus. These remains allow us to study the variations of tooth morphology during ontogenic growth, tooth replacement and the location of the teeth. We have defined different tooth types for these genera. In Metriorhynchus the two tooth types defined do not coincide with the two groups recognized in the Callovian (broad-skulled and narrow-skulled metriorhynchids) but reflect the prey preferences of these forms. In Steneosaurus and Machimosaurus the five tooth types defined are in agreement with the main taxa known from the Bathonian to the Early Cretaceous. This study allows to precise the function and the prey preference of the Thalattosuchia during the Jurassic and the Early Cretaceous.
Enhancing Visibility : Integrating Grey Literature in the SOWIPORT Information Cycle

Despite the fact that Grey Literature plays a key role in disseminating research results to the scientific community, it currently is not represented equally well in the established information landscape. While institutional information infrastructures supporting scholarly research (e.g. libraries or information centres) mostly focus on publications from traditional publishers or on what is published within their own institution, a parallel universe of services and servers for Grey Literature and Open Access publications has been established, which makes it hard for any user to only get an overview of what is available in his area of interest. Following a discipline-oriented approach, the newly established scientific information portal SOWIPORT not only integrates Grey Literature and Open Access publications from the social sciences with traditional ones, but also establishes support for the whole research lifecycle, where research, publication and discourse are interconnected and make use of the direct and electronic availability of these types of publications.
Antimicrobial profile of extracts from the fungus species Lepista personata

Nowadays, mushrooms are widely studied due to the various bioactive substances they produce. They define their antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, antitumor, cytostatic and anti-inflammatory properties which are beneficial for human health. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity of different (hot and cold ethanol/ dichloromethane/ hexane) extracts from the fungus species Lepista personata against two test microorganisms: Escherichia coli NBIMCC K12 407 and Bacillus subtilis NBIMCC 3562. The antimicrobial assays were performed applying the classical disc diffusion method. The sensitivity of test microorganisms was determined according to the zone of inhibition which appeared around the discs after 24 h of incubation at 30°C - 37°C. All extracts were dissolved in 200 mM dimethyl sulfoxide, which was used as a control sample. Results showed that E. coli NBIMCC K12 407 is susceptible to dimethyl sulfoxide whereas B. subtilis NBIMCC 3562 showed no growth inhibition. All mushroom extracts also showed no inhibitory activity against B. subtilis NBIMCC 3562. At the same time, only the dichloromethane extract obtained after hot extraction inhibited the growth of E. coli NBIMCC K12 407.
Insecticidal Effect of a Natural Turkish Diatomaceous Earth Formulation on Greater Wax Moth

In this study, the insecticidal effect of the Detech® (Turkish Diatomaceous earth) DE formulation against Galleria mellonella L. was determined. The study was conducted in a laboratory environment with materials taken from beehives produced at Muş Alparslan University in 2022. Diatomaceous earth (DE) was applied in two different forms (dust and slurry DE) and as positive control GüveSavar®, which is currently used against some pests in beekeeping. DE concentrations of 0, 3, 5, and 7 g/m2 in different exposure times were tested for the control of G. mellonella larvae. As a result of all treatments, the highest mortality occurred at 7 g/m2 dust DE concentration. Larvae (3rd stage) exposed to 7 g/m2 concentration according to dust DE mortality rates reached 100% mortality after 40 hours. According to the results of the slurry DE, the larvae exposed to the slurry diatom at all concentrations achieved 100% mortality at the end of the 96 hours. When the dust and slurry DE results were examined, the direct use of dust formulations greatly accelerated the effectiveness against larvae. The study showed very promising results, suggesting that slurry DE and dust formulations could be a new alternative control method for Greater Wax Moth. In addition, for the first time, the insecticidal efficacy of DE against the honey bee pest, the greater wax moth, was determined.
Can Concurrent Fibrate Use Reduce Cardiovascular Risks among Moderate Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Undergoing Statin Therapy? A Cohort Study

The role of fibrates in treating hypertriglyceridemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been insufficiently investigated. Since statin is considered the first-line treatment for dyslipidemia in CKD patients, this study aims to evaluate the role of concurrent fibrate therapy with statins among moderate CKD patients. We recruited CKD3 patients from the Chang Gung Research Database who were receiving statin treatment but had not previously been administered ezetimibe or niacin. The participants were divided into two groups based on their use of fibrates (fibrate group) or those with triglyceride levels >200 mg/dL without fibrate treatment (non-fibrate group). The fibrate group (n = 954) only exhibited a significantly lower incidence of AMI (4.4% vs. 5.4%, HR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.61 to 0.98). The risk of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (14.7% vs. 15.6%, HR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.72 to 1.15) and all-cause mortality (5.7% vs. 6.1%, HR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.63 to 1.30) did not significantly differ between the fibrate group and the non-fibrate group (n = 2358). In moderate CKD patients, combining fibrate therapy with statins may not offer additional cardiovascular protection compared to statin alone.
Fatalities Following Fall from Heights Presented to Three Medico-Legal Units in Sri Lanka

Introduction: Fall from heights is a common form of unintentional injury. The objective of this study is to determine the pattern of injuries, risk factors, and safety measures employed in relation to such falls.Methods: Data was collected from cases of fatal falls presented to the medico-legal units at Kandy, Peradeniya, and Panadura in Sri Lanka from 2005 to 2016.Results: In the sample considered the majority were males (93%) between 41-60 years (49%). Most were accidental (88%) and 41% sustained injuries by falls from trees. The commonest region of injury was the head and neck (71%) with the site of primary impact being the same. The most common injuries in the head, thorax, and abdomen/pelvis were skull fractures (60%), rib fractures (84%), and liver lacerations (59%), respectively. The main skull fracture was linear (67%), with the commonest site being the temporal (36%) and occipital (36%). With increasing height, the frequency of injuries to the thorax, abdomen, pelvis, and limbs also increased. Most (68%) died after being brought to hospital. Alcohol consumption was estimated as 10% in the sample considered.Conclusion: None had been using any safety equipment. This study underscores the importance of protective devices for people who work at heights to prevent fatalities. Compliance can be further enhanced by creating awareness among the vulnerable groups.
Status of bottomland forests in the Albemarle Sound of North Carolina and Virginia, 1984-2012

The Albemarle Sound, a 6-million-acre watershed, contains some of the largest areas of bottomland hardwood habitat in the Eastern United States. Using close to 30 years of data from the Forest Inventory and Analysis Program, a study of the current status and trends in the Albemarle Sound’s bottomland forest system was conducted. In 2012, bottomlands totaled approximately 800,000 acres and were composed of mainly swamps/bogs and floodplains. Swamps/bogs were dominated by tupelo (Nyssa) species and cypress (Taxodium distichum), while floodplains were dominated by tupelo, red maple (Acer rubrum), and a diverse mixture of hardwood species. Just over half of bottomland acreage was <60 years old, and younger forest had less tupelo and cypress than did older forest, but more loblolly pine. Over the last 30 years, the acreage of bottomland forest has not changed. Periods of overharvesting have occurred; the growthto-removals ratio from the mid-1980s through the early 2000s was never higher than 1.2, and has since varied from 0.3 to 3.4. The net result is that total live-tree volume declined by 8 percent from its peak in 2002. The changes in growth and harvesting are reasonable when put in context with the region’s recent history, both economic and ecologic.
An update on recent studies of extracellular vesicles and their role in hypercoagulability in thalassemia (Review)

Thromboembolic events are a significant clinical concern in thalassemia and hemoglobinopathies, highlighting the need for new strategies to treat and detect these specific hematologic complications. In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have garnered interest due to their role in cell-to-cell communication, including angiogenesis, immune responses and coagulation activation. Their multifaceted role depends on the cellular origin and cargo, making them potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic agents. The present review highlights recent advances in understanding the involvement of EVs in hypercoagulability in thalassemia, the characterization of circulating EVs and the potential for using EVs as predictive biomarkers. β-Thalassemia intermedia exhibits a high incidence of thromboembolic events, contributing to significant morbidity and mortality. Advanced technologies have enabled the profiling and characterization of circulating EVs in patients with β-thalassemia through various techniques, including flow cytometry, proteomic studies, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis and western blot analysis. Microparticles from splenectomized β-thalassemia/hemoglobin E patients induce platelet activation and aggregation, potentially contributing to thrombus formation. The abundance of these microparticles, primarily released from platelets and damaged red cells, may have a role in thromboembolic events and other clinical complications in thalassemia. This suggests a promising future for EVs as diagnostic and predictive biomarkers in thalassemia management.
Development of a System to Evaluate Geochemical Gradients in Acid Mine Drainage Induced Sediments in a Column Format

iii Acid mine drainage (AMD), a serious problem associated with coal mining, forms when sulfur-bearing minerals exposed during mining come into contact with oxygenated water, resulting in the production of sulfuric acid. AMD typically has a low pH (2.54.5) with high concentrations of sulfate, Fe(II), Mn(II), and Al. When AMD emerges at the terrestrial surface, acidophilic aerobic iron oxidizing bacteria (FeOB) oxidize Fe(II) to Fe(III), giving rise to massive Fe(III) hydroxide deposits referred to as iron mounds. The work described here is a contribution to a broader effort to examine the distributions of microbial activities in iron mound sediments. In order for future studies to be able to examine depth dependent activities of the microorganisms, the first goal of this work was to develop a reproducible, reusable column system to use for laboratory incubations of iron mound sediment. The columns were made of polycarbonate tubing with several sampling ports which were covered with extreme temperature silicone. The second goal of this work was to determine the diffusional characteristics within the columns. Bromide was tested first as a non-reactive tracer to establish a control for diffusion within the columns. The bromide followed a Fickian diffusion model in the columns. Fe(II) was tested next and found that instead of behaving in the same manner as bromide, Fe(II) was rapidly removed from solution, likely due to adsorption on iron mound sediments or by oxidative precipitation. Based on the results of the bromide test, the Fickian model was used to able to predict how H+, sulfate, glucose and acetate should diffuse within the iron mound sediment columns. These predictions will support future studies utilizing iv this column format to evaluate distributions of microbial activities with iron mound sediments.
The WEPP Model and Its Applicability for Predicting Erosion on Rangelands

The Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model is intended to replace the Universal Soil Loss Equation for predicting soil erosion. The WEPP is a fundamental process-based model that operates on a daily time step to estimate land, soil and vegeta tion conditions when a rainfall event occurs, and then uses this information to predict the hydrology and erosion of single events. The WEPP is used in conjunction with an input climate data file, long term estimates are based on the accumulated erosion occurring dur ing the period of record covered by the input climate file. This chapter describes the rep resentation of rangelands for making estimates of the land, soil, and vegetation conditions, and their effect on soil erosion estimates. Additionally, shortcomings and advantages of WEPP for erosion prediction on rangelands is discussed The WEPP brings to the natural resource manager a tool for not only the evalua tion of the impacts of management on soil erosion, but also for the evaluation of offsite impacts related to management decisions. The USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation; Wischmeier & Smith, 1965, 1978) and its revision RUSLE (Revised USLE; Renard et al., 1991) is an erosion prediction technology that has served mankind well. Because of its empirical nature, however, it has proven to be difficult to apply in some cases, particularly to offsite problems. Additionally, the empirical database to support its application to rangelands and to many other situations is very small. In 1969, Meyer and Wischmeier presented a model of the water erosion process that was more basic in nature. The CREAMS model (Chemicals, Runoff, and Erosion from Agricultural Management Systems; U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1980) included the more fundamental processes of water erosion and sediment transport. A more recent effort was initiated to replace the USLE Copyright © 1994 Soil Science Society of America, 677 S. Segoe Rd., Madison, Wl 53711, USA. Variability ofRangeland Water Erosion Processes, SSSA Special Publication 38.
Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles: Role in Pathogenesis and Host-Cell Interactions

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are small, spherical structures released from the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria into the surrounding environment. Investigations into OMVs range from their biogenesis and cargo composition to their ability to transfer virulence factors and modulate host immune responses. This emerging understanding of OMVs has unveiled their pivotal role in the pathogenicity of infectious diseases, shedding light on their interactions with host cells, their contributions to inflammation, their potential involvement in antimicrobial resistance, and their promising use for the development of novel treatments and therapies. Numerous studies have associated the OMVs of pathogenic bacteria with the exacerbation of inflammatory diseases, underlining the significance of understanding the mechanisms associated with these vesicles to find alternatives for combating these conditions. Additionally, OMVs possess the ability to act as decoys, absorbing and neutralizing antibiotics, which significantly diminishes the efficacy of a broad spectrum of antimicrobial agents. Another subtopic of interest is OMVs produced by commensal microbiota. These vesicles are increasingly acknowledged for their mutualistic functions, significantly influencing their host’s physiology and immune responses. Consequently, OMVs play a crucial role in maintaining a balanced gut microbiota by fostering symbiotic relationships that significantly contribute to the overall health and well-being of the host. This comprehensive review aims to provide an up-to-date review of OMVs derived from Gram-negative bacteria, summarizing current research findings, and elucidating the multifaceted role of these vesicles in diverse biological contexts.
Rehabilitating the ancient terraced lands of Lebanon

Lebanon's mild climate distinguishes it from the surrounding arid and semiarid Middle Eastern countries. This climate results principally from the fact that the Lebanon mountain range runs parallel to the Mediterranean coast, forming a narrow coastal plain. The mountain range is one of the highest in the region, peaking at 10,135 feet, and the steepness of its slopes combined with the rainfall it receives (up to 60 inches a year) contribute to making the mountain lands an exceptional agro-ecosystern. Mountain agriculture is largely dependent on stone-walled bench terraces, some more than 2,500 years old. However, these essential soil conservation structures have been seriously damaged, partly as a result of Lebanon's long, crippling war. The future of agriculture in the mountains, and the people who depend on this ancient agro-ecosystem, will be largely determined by which rehabilitation and conservation measures are adopted to deal with the problems that have arisen here. The reconstruction of Lebanon Lebanon is slowly emerging from fifteen years of a debilitating civil war, during which the economic and …
COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR GROWTH CHART CONSTRUCTION IN THE CANADIAN HEALTH MEASURES SURVEY

ix List of Abbreviations and Symbols Used . x Acknowledgements . xi Chapter