Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analyse du comportement d'opérateurs de fusion basés sur la somme : du cadre commensurable au cadre incommensurable

Different methods have been proposed in the literature for merging multiple and potentially conflicting informations. Sum-based operators offer a natural method for merging commensurable prioritized belief bases. Their popularity is due to the fact that they satisfy the majority property and they adopt a non cautious attitude in deriving plausible conclusions. This paper analyses the sum-based merging operator when sources to merge are incommensurable, namely they do not share the same meaning of uncertainty scales. We first show that the obtained merging operator can be equivalently characterized either in terms of an infinite set of compatible scales, or by a well-known Pareto ordering on a set of models. We then study different families of compatible scales useful for merging process. This paper also provides a postulates-based analysis of our merging operators.
An Analysis of HCN and NH_3 Release Characteristics of Coal-water Slurry in its Pyrolysis Process

A pyrolysis test was performed of coal-water slurry and its raw coal in an inertial atmosphere and of its raw coal in a vapor atmosphere on a fixed bed reactor to study HCN and NH_3 release characteristics.The results show that with an increase in temperature the amount of HCN released from the raw coal and coal-water slurry changes slowly and finally tends to be constant.In the vapor atmosphere, however,the amount of HCN released from the raw coal will with a change in temperature quickly increase and the amount being separated out far exceeds the amount released from the raw coal and coal-water slurry.The amount of NH_3 released from the raw coal will with an increase in temperature first increase and then decrease and a peak value will emerge at about 1 000 ℃. If the temperature continues to go up,the amount of NH_3 will not increase,but on the contrary begin to decrease.The amount of NH_3 separated out from the coal-water slurry will increase with an increase in temperature.Although the change proceeds slowly,the NH_3 amount released is still larger than that released from the raw coal.In the vapor atmosphere,with a rise in temperature,the amount of NH_3 all along exhibits a tendency to increase and after the temperature reaches 1 000 ℃,such an increase will go on still more rapidly with the amount released to be larger than that released from the raw coal and coal-water slurry.When the amount of HCN and NH_3 released as well as the ignition and combustion of fuel are taken into account in a comprehensive way,it can be clearly seen that the combustion of coal-water slurry is superior to that of pulverized coal alone and of pulverized-coal with steam injection.
We Need to Change the Language we use to Describe Individuals with Substance Use Issues

People with substance use disorders (SUD) are highly stigmatized worldwide. The way we describe individuals with substance issues and addiction (e.g., “addict”, “alcoholic”, and “abuser”) leads directly to their stigmatization and negative bias. In addition, the way patients and clients are described by their care providers directly impacts the quality of care they receive.1 As we push to end the U.S. “War on Drugs,” professionals have an obligation to ensure that the language they use to describe people who struggle with substances does not negatively impact them.
Ecophysiology of iron homeostasis in plants

ABSTRACT In nature, iron (Fe) occurs in abundance and ranks fourth among all elements on Earth’s surface. Still, its availability to plants is reduced, once this element is in the form of hydrated oxides, which can limit plant productivity and biomass production. On the other hand, in high concentrations, this essential micronutrient for the plants can become a toxic agent, increasing the environmental contamination. Fe is necessary for the maintenance of essential processes like respiration and photosynthesis, participating in the electron transport chain and in the conversion between Fe2+ and Fe3+, being a key element for carbon dioxide (CO2) fixation and, therefore, important for crop production of cultivated or natural species. The balance of Fe should be strictly controlled, because both its deficiency and its toxicity affect the physiological process of plants. In aerated soils Fe is present in the form of Fe3+, which is the oxidized form and is less available to plants, so these organisms have developed different strategies for absorption, transport and storage of Fe. Deficiency and excess of Fe correlate with local soil conditions and with the care adopted in plant nutrition during the phenological phases and/or in the course of its cultivation. In situations of excessive accumulation of Fe in tissues, an enhancement of hydroxyl radical generation (OH•) occurs by Fenton reaction. Here, we review the nutritional, genetic and ecophysiological aspects of uptake, translocation and accumulation of Fe ions in plants growing under conditions of deficiency or toxicity of this metal.
In-Situ Monitoring of Alloy Dissolution and Residual Film Formation during the Pretreatment of Al-Alloy AA2024-T3

The dissolution of intermetallic phases in AA 2024-T3 aluminum alloy sheet was investigated during a coating pretreatment sequence. The atomic emission spectroelectrochemistry (AESEC) technique was used to quantitatively measure the dissolution rates of individual alloying elements during a complete pretreatment sequence. The results demonstrate the significant selective dissolution of Al in 1.25 M NaOH, leading to the enrichment of alloying elements such as Cu. Subsequent 2.8 M HNO3 treatment contributes toward dissolving the excess residual layer and passivates the alloy matrix, however the presence of a residual Cu layer at the alloy surface was evidenced. The real-time alloy dissolution profiles are presented herein, and discussed in the context of the surface morphology via microscopy. © The Author(s) 2016. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 License (CC BY-NC-ND, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is not changed in any way and is properly cited. For permission for commercial reuse, please email: oa@electrochem.org. [DOI: 10.1149/2.1121605jes] All rights reserved.
Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation from Ni Nanoparticle Decorated CdS Nanosheets

High-quality, thickness-controlled CdS nanosheets (NSs) have been obtained through the thermal decomposition of cadmium diethyldithiocarbamate in octadecene. Ensembles with discrete thicknesses of 1.50, 1.80, and 2.16 nm have been made with corresponding lateral dimensions on the order of 90 nm × 20 nm. These latter values make the 1–3 nm NSs the largest 2D CdS specimens made to date using colloidal chemistry. Associated Ni nanoparticle decorated counterparts have been made through the photodeposition of Ni onto NSs with an average nanoparticle diameter of 6 nm. Subsequent photocatalytic hydrogen generation measurements have compared the performance of CdS NSs with that of their Ni NP decorated counterparts in water/ethanol mixtures. Apparent quantum yields as large as 25% have been seen for Ni NP decorated NSs with transient yields as large as 64% within the first 2 h of irradiation. Results from ensemble femtosecond transient differential absorption spectroscopy reveal that the origin of this high effic.
Electronic properties of CeOs 4 Sb 12

The filled skutterudite compounds general structural formula RT4X12 (where R = alkaline (Na, K), alkaline earth (Ca, Sr, Ba), lanthanide or actinide atoms; T = transition metal atoms (Fe, Ru or Os); X = pnictogen atoms (P, As, Sb)). These compounds crystallize [1] in the cubic LaFe4P12-filled skutterudite with space group Im-3-Th , No. 204, which displays interesting physical properties, due to the various degree of hybridization of the 4 f of the R ion with the ligand states (T4X12) sublattice. The phenomena displayed by the filled skutterudite include small hybridization gap semiconductivity (known as “Kondo insulator” behavior) [2], valence fluctuation and heavy Fermion behavior [3–6], non-Fermi liquid behavior [7], metal-to-insulator transition [8], magnetic order [9, 10], superconductivity [11, 12], ferromagnetism [13], and recently, certain filled skutterudites[14, 15] have shown high values of the thermoelectric figure of merit Z. Therefore, these materials have elucidated interest as candidates for thermoelectric applications.
Chemical Constituents of Pedicularis longiflora Rudolph. var. tubiformis(Klotz). Tsoong

Silica-gel column,macroporous resin column,Sephadex LH-20 column and reversed phase C18 column were used to separate and purify chemical constituents of Pedicularis longiflora Rudolph.var. tubiformis(Klotz). Tsoong.Seven compounds were obtained.They were identified as luteolin(1),apigenin(2),chrysoeriol(3),3,5,7-trihydroxy-3′,5′-dimethoxyl flavone(4),verbascoside(5),isoverbascoside(6) and luteolin-4′-O-β-D-glucoside(7) using 1H NMR and 13C NMR.These 7 compounds were separated from Pedicularis longiflora Rudolph.var. tubiformis(Klotz). Tsoong for the first time.The results of this study can be used for further researches of this traditional Tibetan medicine.
Evident Hydrogen Bonded Chains Building CL-20-Based Cocrystals

We report two kinds of evident hydrogen bonded chains constructing two binary cocrystals of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) with para-benzoquinone (1) and 1,4-naphthoquinone (2): one kind is the CL-20 molecule chains linked by R22(6) hydrogen bonds, and the other is connected by CL-20 and coformer (1 or 2) molecules alternately through R21(5) hydrogen bonds. All chains extend to the entire cocrystals CL-20/1 and CL-20/2 with crossing points of CL-20 molecules. In contrast to the unremarkable intermolecular interactions in observed CL-20 polymorphs and cocrystals, these two kinds of chains in CL-20/1 and CL-20/2 are evident and can be readily understood using the definition of supramolecular synthons. Moreover, the thermal behaviors, impact sensitivity, and detonation properties of these two energetic cocrystals are reported.
Tafel Kinetics of Electrocatalytic Reactions: From Experiment to First-Principles

The Tafel equation is of fundamental importance in electrochemical kinetics, formulating a quantitative relation between the current and the applied electrochemical potential. The recent years have seen the rapid expansion and development in the application of first-principles density functional theory (DFT) simulation on electrocatalytic reactions that occur at the solid–liquid interface. This article reviews the current theoretical methods for electrochemistry modeling, in particular, those for the direct computation of Tafel kinetics of electrocatalytic reactions on surfaces based on DFT calculations. Representative reactions, namely, hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reactions, are selected to illustrate how the theoretical methods are applied to compute quantitatively the kinetics of multiple-step electrochemical reactions. We summarize in detail the computation procedure based on the first-principles periodic continuum solvation method for obtaining the charge transfer coefficient (CTC) and de.
Personality and peer groups in adolescence: Reciprocal associations and shared genetic and environmental influences

Abstract Objective Peer groups represent a critical developmental context in adolescence, and there are many well‐documented associations between personality and peer behavior at this age. However, the precise nature and direction of these associations are difficult to determine as youth both select into, and are influenced by, their peers. Method We thus examined the phenotypic, genetic, and environmental links between antisocial and prosocial peer characteristics and several personality traits from middle childhood to late adolescence (ages 11, 14, and 17 years) in a longitudinal twin sample (N = 3762) using teacher ratings of personality and self‐reports of peer characteristics. Results Less adaptive trait profiles (i.e., high negative emotionality, low conscientiousness, and low agreeableness) were associated with more antisocial and fewer prosocial peer characteristics across time. Associations between personality traits related to emotionality (negative emotionality and extraversion) and peer behavior were largely attributable to shared genetic influences, while associations between personality traits related to behavioral control (conscientiousness and agreeableness) and peer behavior were due to overlapping genetic and shared environmental influences. Conclusions Overall, results suggest a set of environmental presses that push youth toward both behavioral undercontrol and antisocial peer affiliations, making the identification of such influences and their relative importance a critical avenue of future work.
Contingency Management in Power Systems and Demand Response Market for Ancillary Services in Smart Grids with High Renewable Energy Penetration

Developments of renewable energy resources imposes many uncertainties and variabilities in power grids. One of the best approaches to mitigate these stochastic disturbances is thought the use of Battery Energy Storage System (BESS). Besides application of the BESS such as decreasing the disturbances in distribution system, the grid frequency can be controlled in contingencies using the appropriate storage in transmission network to compensate the power shortage. Thus, the optimal siting and sizing of the BESS is important to have the minimum costs and losses. This chapter describes a heuristic method to find the optimal location(s) and capacity of a multi-purpose BESS including transmission and distribution parts. In the transmission storage part, a sensitive analysis is performed using Complex-Valued Neural Networks (CVNN) and Time Domain Power Flow (TDPF) in order to detect the optimal BESS location(s). Additionally, running TDPF and Economic Dispatch (ED) leads to the optimal BESS size. In the distribution storage part, the optimal BESS size is calculated to perform distribution grid services such as peak load shaving and load curve smoothing. The proposed method has been applied to a real model (Maui island in Hawai'i -United States) to calculate the optimal results for both transmission and distribution sides.
Social mechanisms of interaction

The present report documents the research activities undertaken in Task 3.1 of the COMIC project. The objective of the three years of research of Strand 3 is to develop a conceptual foundation for designing computational mechanisms of interaction for CSCW applications that can support the complex task of articulating distributed cooperative activities. The present deliverable presents analyses of a number of realworld mechanisms of interaction. In doing that, the deliverable focuses on the features of these mechanisms that enable them to provide efficient and flexible support of coordination of distributed activities and the way these mechanisms are managed cooperatively. On the other hand, based on these and other studies, the deliverable presents and discusses a conceptual framework for analysis of mechanisms of interaction and derives a set of requirements for a notation for constructing computational mechanisms of interaction Document ID COMIC-D3.2 Status Final Type Deliverable Version 1.4 Date September, 1994 Editors K. Schmidt (Risø) Task 3.1  The COMIC Project, Esprit Basic Research Action 6225 Project coordinator: Tom Rodden Computing Department University of Lancaster Lancaster LA1 4YR United Kingdom Phone: (+44) 1524 593 823 Fax: (+44) 1524 593 608 Email: tom@comp.lancs.ac.uk The COMIC project comprises the following institutions: Gesellschaft für Mathematik und Datenverarbeitung (GMD), Bonn, Germany Risø National Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden Swedish Institute for Computer Science (SICS), Stockholm, Sweden Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, Spain University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands University of Lancaster, Lancaster, United Kingdom (Coordinating Partner) University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom University of Milano, Milano, Italy University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland Editor of this report: Kjeld Schmidt Cognitive Systems Group Risoe National Laboratory P.O. Box 49 DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark Phone: (+45) 4677 5146 Fax: (+45) 4675 5170 Email: kschmidt@risoe.dk ISBN 0 901800 55 4 Lancaster University, 1994 This report is available via anonymous FTP from ftp.comp.lancs.ac.uk. Further information on COMIC is available from http://www.lancs.ac.uk/computing/research/cseg/comic/ COMIC Social Mechanisms of Interaction September 1994 3 Table of contents Introduction . 5 Part 1. Mechanisms of interaction — Conceptual framework . 13 1.1. Mechanisms of interaction reconsidered. 15 1.2. Mechanisms of interaction and technologies of representation — Examining a case study . 123 1.3. Two comments on MOIs. 149 Part 2. Mechanisms of interaction — Case studies . 159 2.1. The construction note . 161 2.2. The bug report form . 187 2.3. The augmented bill of materials. 221 2.4. The CEDAC board . 237 2.5. The product classification scheme . 247 2.6. The fault report form — Mechanisms of interaction in design and development project work. 257 Appendix. The Foss cases. 295
The Effects Of Stem Cells Plus Lithium On The Recovery Of Spinal Cord Injury

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is damage to the spinal cord that leads to sudden loss of motor, sensory, and autonomic function below the level of the injury. The annual incidence of SCI in the United States is approximately 12,500 new cases each year. Stem cell transplant procedures show promising potential as a treatment for SCI. Lithium has been used to treat other medical diagnoses including depression, stroke, and additional neurodegenerative diseases. Researchers have investigated the effectiveness of combining stem cells and lithium in animal models and also started to explore options with human subjects. Researchers believe the use of stem cells combined with lithium may offer alternative options for patients with SCI.
Phase equilibria in the intermetallic systems Sb-Sn and Li-Sb-Sn

Li-Ionen Batterien sind aufgrund ihrer hohen Energiedichte wichtige Energiespeichermedien fur die Entwicklung von Stromspeichermedien (Smart-Grids) der Zukunft. Allerdings mussen fur den Einsatz in Hochenergieapplikationen die Lebensdauer, Energiedichte und Betriebssicherheit solcher Batterien verbessert werden. Intermetallische Legierungen, welche Lithium reversibel aufnehmen konnen, sind vielversprechende Anodenmaterialien mit erhohten Ladungsdichten. Einer systematischen Entwicklung von Anodenmaterialien fur Li-Ionen Batterien steht zurzeit jedoch noch das teilweise durftige Wissen uber Phasengleichgewichte und thermodynamische Eigenschaften der Phasen in geeigneten intermetallischen Systemen entgegen. Im Zuge dieser Master Arbeit wurde das binare System Antimon-Zinn (Sb-Sn), aufgrund bestehender Widerspruche in der Literatur neuerlich untersucht. Mittels verschiedener Analyse Methoden (Rontgen-Kristallstrukturanalyse, Differenz Thermoanalyse und Elektronen-Mikrostrahl Analyse) konnte die Existenz der stochiometrischen Phase Sb2Sn3 widerlegt werden. Weiters wurde ein Ubergang hoherer Ordnung, basierend auf einer Verzerrung der bei hoheren Temperaturen kubischen Struktur von Sb(1-x)Snx zu der bei tieferen Temperaturen rhomboedrischen Struktur Sb(1-x)Snx vorgeschlagen. Letztendlich wurde aus den im Zuge dieser Arbeit gewonnenen experimentellen Daten, sowie bereits in der Literatur publizierten Daten ein neues Phasendiagramm des Systems Sb-Sn erstellt. Eine weitere Zielsetzung dieser Master Arbeit war die Durchfuhrung erster Untersuchungen im ternaren System Lithium-Antimon-Zinn (Li-Sb-Sn), um Erkenntnisse uber die Phasengleichgewichte bei 300°C zu gewinnen. Die Ergebnisse der Rontgenbeugungsanalyse zeigten rasch, dass die Praparation von sich im Gleichgewicht befindlichen Proben sehr schwierig ist. Nichtsdestotrotz konnten erste Schlusse aus den Resultaten gezogen werden. Diese beinhalten Abschatzungen der Phasengleichgewichte, der Loslichkeit von Lithium in der binaren Phase Sb(1 x)Snx, sowie die Existenz einer bisher unbekannten ternaren Phase Li(2+x)(Sb,Sn)(3-x). Diese Ergebnisse wurden in einem vorlaufigen isothermen Schnitt bei 300°C zusammengefasst.
Differences in enzymes (biomarkers) activities in fish after cage exposure in Drava and Danube Rivers (Croatia)

Biomonitoring using molecular biomarkers in fish isvery important in environmental risk assessment. Theneed for sensitive and reliable methods to assess theimpact of chemical pollution on the aquatic environ-ment has generated considerable interest in biochem-ical and physiological indices of contaminant expo-sure and effects in fish (Srrn et al. 1992). Two mo-lecular biomarkers were used in this study: EROD(etoxyresorufin-O-deethylase) and AChE (acetyl-cholinesterase). Induction of EROD activity is acommonly used biomarker of exposure to xenobi-otics such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAH's), biphenyls, dibenzodioxines and dibenzofu-rans. The intensiveness of induction is proportionalto their concentration in sediment (NennoNNe et al.l99l) and in water. Furthermore, inhibition ofAChEactivity is a biomarker of effect to organophosphateand carbamate pesticides, detergents and cadmium inwater, although some organic compounds simultane-ously are EROD inducers and AChE inhibitors (Gnl-cANr et al. 1992, PavNe et al. 1996, GurLueRurNo etal. 1998). We used the XAD-7 column adsorptiontechnique to exmct and concentrate lipophilic xeno-biotics (EROD inducers) from water samples andtook advantage of its ability to adsorb aromatic com-pounds such as PAHs and heterocyclic amines(HCA) with two or more fused rings. The extracts ob-tained from XAD-7 column were used in the labora-tory induct-test followed by EROD and AChE meas-urements in order to determine effects on their activ-ities.Key words: EROD; AChE; fish; Carassius auratusgibelio; Cyprinus carpio
Designing Efficient Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance-Based Sensing Platforms: Optimization of Sensor Response by Controlling the Edge Length of Gold Nanoprisms

Over the past few years, the unique localized surface plasmon resonance properties of plasmonic nanostructures have been used to design label-free biosensors. In this article, we demonstrate that it is the difference in edge length of gold nanoprisms that significantly influences their bulk refractive index sensitivity and local sensing efficiency. Nanoprisms with edge lengths in the range of 28–51 nm were synthesized by the chemical-reduction method and sensing platforms were fabricated by chemisorption of these nanoprisms onto silanized glass substrates. The plasmonic nanosensors fabricated from 28 nm edge length nanoprisms exhibited the largest sensitivity to change in bulk refractive index with a value of 647 nm/RIU. The refractive index sensitivity decreased with increasing edge length, with nanoprisms of 51 nm edge length, displaying a sensitivity of 384 nm/RIU. In contrast, we found that the biosensing efficiency of sensing platforms modified with biotin increased with increasing edge length, with .