Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
M.A. Fuentes-Pradera* ,A ´ .S anchez-Armengol*, F. Capote-Gil*, E. Quintana-Gallego*, C. Carmona-Bernal*, J. Polo } , F. Delgado-Moreno # , J. Castillo-Gomez*

This study was conducted to determine the influence of puberty on features of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in adolescents. The study was performed in a general population sample of 226 adolescents of both sexes (aged 11-19 yrs) recruited from the secondary school population of the city of Seville, Spain. Subjects were divided into two groups: 1) postpubertal, i.e. females who had undergone menarche and males in whom axillary hair development or peak height velocity had occurred w1 yr before the study; and 2) peripubertal, i.e. females who had not undergone menarche and males who had not developed axillary hair nor reached peak height velocity, or subjects in whom these pubertal changes had appeared v 1y r before the study. All subjects answered a questionnaire on SDB and underwent overnight cardiorespiratory polygraphy. There were 50 males and 40 females (meaniSD age 13.5i1.2 yrs) in the peripubertal group, and 54 males and 82 females (age 16.3i1.7 yrs) in the postpubertal group. Males exhibited significantly higher neck circumference/height index and waist/hip index than females in both the peripubertal and postpubertal groups. In the postpubertal group, snoring and polygraphic alterations (respiratory events and oximetric parameters) were significantly more frequent in males than in females. Postpubertal adolescents showed sex differences in clinical and polygraphic parameters that were not observed at earlier pubertal stages. These findings support the influence of sex hormones on sex differences in sleep- disordered breathing. Eur Respir J 2004; 23: 250-254.
Terminalia catappa: Tropical-Almond 1

Introductionis a 30 to 55-foot-tall, deciduous tree which forms a symmetrical, upright silhouette in youth with horizontal branches reaching 35 feet in width. The branches are arranged in obvious tiers, giving the tree a pagoda-like shape. As the tree grows older, the crown spreads and flattens on the top to form a wide-spreading vase shape. The large, 12-inch-long and six-inch-wide, glossy green, leathery leaves change to beautiful shades of red, yellow, and purple before dropping in winter. Due to their large size, these old leaves may be considered a nuisance to some people. The leaves are quickly replaced by new growth so the tree is bare for only a short period of time. The inconspicuous, greenish-white, springtime blossoms appear in six-inch-long terminal clusters and are followed by the edible fruits. These drupes are 2.5 inches long and mature from green to yellow or red during the summer. The outside husk is corky fiber with an inner thin green flesh. The inside holds the edible, almond-like kernel. The fruit is high in tannic acid and this could stain cars, pavement and sidewalks. It also causes significant litter on the ground.
THE AGE AND DISINTEGRATION OF YIXIAN FORMATION

The age of Yixian Formation of Mesozoic erathem in West Liaoning has been disputed for a long time At present, there are mainly three viewpoints:Jurasic,Cretaceous,or Jurassic Cretaceous Based on a large amount of isotopic data and the stratigraphic contact relationship in field, it is suggested that Mid Lower Yixian F should belong to Upper Jurassic series;but Upper Yixian F should belong to Lower Cretaceous series
Polimorfismo en el gen de la µ-calpaína en ganado Brahman de registro de México

The present study was conducted to assess genotypic, allelic and haplotypic frequencies, in Brahman cattle in Mexico, of three single nucleotide polymorphism markers in the m -calpain gene, previously associated with beef tenderness in European, crossbred, and Zebu cattle (C316, C530, C4751). Three allelic discrimination assays were designed for generation of the said frequencies. The C316 marker showed a high frequency of the heterozygotic genotype (CG = 92%), and frequencies of these alleles were similar (54 and 46% for G and C, respectively). By contrast, for C530, the main segregated genotype was the A alleles homozygote (98%). For C4751, the heterozygotic genotype (CT) had the highest frequency (99%). As to haplotypes, the most frequent compositions were GAT (50%) and CAC (45%). These findings suggest that some favorable alleles for beef tenderness (C in 316 and C4751) are appreciably segregated in the Brahman population sampled. Thus, favorable homozygotic genotypes might be increased by integrated selection programs, including either the single marker or dual marker haplotype evaluation. Further research is needed to determine relationships between meat quality traits (beef tenderness) and productive performance (current selection criteria), thus to promote consumption of Brahman beef and better position it in both national and international markets.
The study of cirrus clouds using airborne and satellite data

The Study of Cirrus Clouds Using Airborne and Satellite Data. (May 2004) Kerry Glynne Meyer, B.S., Texas A&M University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Ping Yang Cirrus clouds are known to play a key role in the earth’s radiation budget, yet are one of the most uncertain components of the earth-atmosphere system. With the development of instruments such as the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) and the Moderate-resolution Infrared Spectroradiometer (MODIS), scientists now have an unprecedented ability to study cirrus clouds. To aid in the understanding of such clouds, a significant study of cirrus radiative properties has been undertaken. This research is composed of three parts: 1) the retrieval of tropical cirrus optical thickness using MODIS level-1b calibrated radiance data, 2) a survey of tropical cirrus cloud cover, including seasonal variations, using MODIS level-3 global daily gridded data, and 3) the simultaneous retrieval of cirrus optical thickness and ice crystal effective diameter using AVIRIS reflectance measurements.
Potencial de la escoria siderúrgica en la inducción de resistencia a enfermedades foliares del trigo (Triticum aestivum L.)

Las enfermedades foliares del trigo reducen 20 a 30% la productividad del cultivo. Con el fin de encontrar nuevas alternativas de manejo se evaluo el grado de induccion de resistencia de la escoria siderurgica sobre la intensidad de las enfermedades foliares. Se realizo un experimento en el Campo Experimental de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias de la Universidad Nacional de Asuncion que consistio en identificar los patogenos asociados a esta etiologia, determinar la intensidad de la enfermedad (% severidad) con la ayuda de escalas diagramaticas, el indice de area foliar (IAF), el contenido de clorofila y el rendimiento. Los tratamientos utilizados fueron dosis crecientes de escoria siderurgica, un testigo absoluto y un testigo quimico, que fueron dispuestos en un diseno completamente al azar con 4 repeticiones. Los datos obtenidos fueron sometidos al analisis de varianza al 5% de probabilidad de error. Las plantas sintomaticas fueron llevadas al laboratorio y se identificaron los patogenos: Drechslera tritici-repentis; Bipolaris sorokiniana; Septoria tritici y Puccinia triticina. El IAF se cuantifico mediante el equipo medidor AAC-100, el contenido de clorofila mediante el medidor portatil SPAD® y el rendimiento expresado en kg ha-1. Se determino el potencial efecto inductor en la dosis de 500 kg ha-1 al presentar menor severidad de enfermedades, aunque no se encontro diferencias significativas tanto en el rendimiento como en el IAF al aumentar la dosis de escoria siderurgica. La concentracion de clorofila aumenta al utilizar dosis bajas de escoria siderurgica en el suelo.
Radial growth responses of Pinus halepensis Mill. and Pinus pinea L. forests to climate variability in Western Albania

Abstract In this study are presented chronologies of earlywood (EW), latewood (LW) and tree-ring widths (RW) of a Pinus halepensis (P. halepensis) and Pinus pinea (P. pinea) natural forest stand growing in western Albania. Bootstrapped correlations and pointer year analysis were combined in a dendroclimatological study to evaluate climate-growth relationships in both pine species as well as to assess the spatial outreach of our chronologies evaluating them with those of the same species from other Mediterranean countries. We found that both species responded positively to precipitation and Indexed Percentage Average Precipitation (%AvP) in late summer-early autumn, particularly the LW, whereas summer temperatures constrained the growth of P. halepensis tree-ring features. Current January temperature and Potential Evapotranspiration (PET) showed positive relationship with P. pinea LW and RW. The same association was observed when considering PET in spring and P. halepensis LW and RW. Pointer year analysis showed that inhibitory climatic drivers of radial growth for both species were low precipitation from previous winter and current summer, associated with low temperatures during autumn. Our P. halepensis chronology showed a wider spatial outreach than that of P. pinea when compared to those from other Mediterranean countries. We conclude that current January temperatures and September precipitation are very important for P. pinea growth influencing both EW and LW growth whereas P. halepensis is mostly affected by the summer-early autumn climate conditions.
Identifikasi Faktor Penyebab Kesulitan Menyelesaikan Soal IPA pada Siswa SMP Kelas VIII

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor penyebab siswa kesulitan dalam menyelesaikan soal fisika siswa kelas VIII semester genap SMP PGRI 2 Sekampung yang meliputi faktor dari dalam diri siswa (intern) dan faktor dari luar diri siswa (ekstern). Hasil observasi yaitu hasil belajar siswa belum maksimal merupakan salah satu faktor yang dapat menunjukan bahwa siswa masih mengalami kesulitan dalam menyelesaikan soal. Studi Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, sebab peneliti berusaha mengidentifikasi faktor penyebab kesulitan menyelesaikan soal fisika siswa. Teknik pengumpul data dalam penelitian yang peneliti gunakan yaitu tes, observasi. angket (kuesioner), dan wawancara. Setelah data didapatkan, kemudian dianalisis dengan metode triangulasi dan dijabarkan berdasarkan aspek yang diteliti. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah: Kesulitan yang dialami siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal fisika terdapat pada empat tahapan. Tahap yang pertama (tahap pemecahan soal) bentuk kesulitan yang dialami siswa adalah ketidaktepatan dalam mengkonversikan satuan dengan persentase 40,9%. Tahap kedua (tahap pemikiran suatu rencana) bentuk kesulitan yang dialami siswa adalah ketidaktepatan dalam menuliskan rumus yang di gunakan dengan persentase 27,2%. Tahap ketiga (pelaksanaan rencana) bentuk kesulitan yang dialami siswa adalah ketidakmampuan dalam melakukan perhitungan hingga mendapatkan hasil akhir dengan persentase 131%. Tahap empat (menuliskan satuan) bentuk kesulitan yang dialami siswa adalah ketidaktepatan dalam menuliskan satuan pada besaran dengan presentase 13,6%.
Fuels management on the National Forests in Mississippi after Hurricane Katrina

On August 29, 2005, Hurricane Katrina made landfall in southern Mississippi. As the storm passed through Mississippi, it maintained hurricane force winds through the northern part of the State affecting all of the Forests. The eye of the storm passed within a few miles of the De Soto Ranger District, the Forest’s southern-most district. Much of the District received moderate to heavy damage to timber and facilities. The De Soto Ranger District had historically prescribed burned 60,000 acres per year. In the 5 years prior to hurricane Katrina, the District had increased its prescribed fire program to an average of 94,000 acres per year. While Hurricane Katrina created a serious large fuel loading, the fact that most of the District has been regularly prescribed burned, prevented the problem from being exacerbated by having the new fuels being piled atop the new growth of volatile brush, which is common in the lower coastal plains. The National Forests in Mississippi developed an aggressive three-pronged strategy to deal with the sudden increase in fuel loading and the subsequent potential for catastrophic wildfire: (1) remove the large, downed material as quickly as possible, through conventional salvage operations; (2) establish fuel breaks in critical Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) areas; and (3) reestablish landscape scale prescribed fire treatments immediately.
A survey of White-rumped Vultures Gyps bengalensis in Gujarat State, India

During this study, ten districts of Gujarat State, India, were surveyed to collect information on the abundance and activity patterns of White-rumped Vultures (WRV) Gyps bengalensis . In total, 212 WRVs were recorded during 46 sightings. The highest number was documented in Kachchh district (119), followed by Ahmedabad (32), Mehsana (28), Banaskantha (10), Anand (9), Nadiad (8) and Rajpipla (3) districts, and one each were recorded in the Surendranagar, Dang and Vadodara districts. The high population in Kachchh district could be attributed to the vultures\' preference of arid zone habitats, limited human activity, sufficient food and suitable perching/roosting/nesting sites. During the field survey, 73.1% of the vultures were found soaring, 13.7% were perching on trees and/or the ground, while 13.2% were observed feeding on carcasses. The present study suggests that regular monitoring of the vulture population, determination of diet, creation of awareness amongst the local people, initiation of genetic and pathological studies, implementation of supplementary feeding programmes, a complete ban on the use of the veterinary drug ‘Diclofenac\', establishment of vulture care and rescue centers, and incentives for local people involved in the conservation of their local vulture population, should immediately be implemented to save the remnant population of vultures from imminent extinction. To safeguard the existing vulture populations, the illegal cutting and lopping of nesting tree species must be halted, a captive breeding programme must be established, and systematic, in-depth and long-term monitoring programmes must be initiated. Vulture News Vol. 57 2007: pp. 32-43
The effect of topography of upper-mantle discontinuities on SS precursors

Using the spectral-element method, we explored the effect of topography of upper-mantle discontinuities on the traveltimes of SS precursors recorded on transverse component seismograms. The latter are routinely used to infer the topography of mantle transition zone discontinuities. The step from precursory traveltimes to topographic changes is mainly done using linearised ray theory, or sometimes using finite-frequency kernels. We simulated exact seismograms in 1-D and 3-D elastic models of the mantle. In a second simulation, we added topography to the discontinuities. We compared the waveforms obtained with and without topography by cross correlation of the SS precursors. Since we did not add noise, the precursors are visible in individual seismograms without the need of stacking. The resulting time anomalies were then converted into topographic variations and compared to the original topographic models. Based on the correlation between initial and inferred models, and provided that ray coverage is good, we found that linearised ray theory gives a relatively good idea on the location of the uplifts and depressions of the discontinuities. It seriously underestimates the amplitude of the topographic variations by a factor ranging between 2 and 7. Real data depend on the 3-D elastic structure and the topography. All studies to date correct for the 3-D elastic effects assuming that the traveltimes can be linearly decomposed into a structure and a discontinuity part. We found a strong non-linearity in this decomposition which cannot be modelled without a fully non-linear inversion for elastic structure and discontinuities simultaneously.
Advances in Biologically-Based Sensors for Endocrine Disrupting Compounds in Water

Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) are contaminants that can mimic hormones and that are biologically active at low concentrations (less than parts per billion). Common EDCs include surfactants like nonylphenol, pharmaceuticals such as 17β-estradiol, or industrial chemicals including dioxins. Given that there are numerous EDCs that can negatively affect humans and wildlife, general screening techniques like bioassays and biosensors may provide an essential rapid analysis capacity. Commonly applied bioassays include the ELISA and YES assays, but promising technologies also include ER-CALUX, ELRA, Endotect, RIANA, and IR-bioamplification. Two biosensors, Endotect and RIANA, are field portable using non-cellular biological detection strategies. Environmental management of EDCs in water requires integration of biosensors and bioassays for monitoring and assessment. Many available biologically-based technologies are ready for testing in remote field applications. Biologically-Based Sensors for Endocrine Disruptors The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) defines an endocrine disrupting compound (EDC) as: an exogenous agent that interferes with the synthesis, secretion, transport, binding, action, or elimination of natural hormones in the body that are responsible for the maintenance of homeostasis, reproduction, development, and/or behavior. (USEPA, 1997, pg 1)
RAVENS AND BUZZARDS IN RELATION TO SHEEP- FARMING AND FORESTRY IN WALES

SUMMARY winter. Densities of both species were the highest recorded in Britain, but higher buzzard densities have been found in rich woodland in central Europe. (5) On average, each territorial raven pair produced 1.7 young per year, and each buzzard pair about 0-6 young per year. This production was low compared to that in other areas, although for ravens comparable information was limited. Within the study area, buzzards bred as successfully in heavily forested localities as in more open ones, but in ravens clutch-size may have declined with increasing forest around the nest. (6) In ravens, annual variation in the mean number of eggs laid per pair was correlated with the amounts of sheep carrion available in winter/spring. No such correlation was found in buzzards and kites. Of the three species, ravens were most dependent on carrion and bred nearest the time of peak supply. (7) The high densities of carrion-feeding birds in mid-Wales were associated with: (a) pastoral land use, which gave an abundance of both sheep carrion and natural prey, such as voles, rabbits and corvids; (b) widespread availability of nest sites; and (c) hardly any game preservation, so that persecution by humans was only slight.
Heterogeneity among displaced workers

We combine post-displacement survey data with information from a displacing firm's personnel files in order to reveal sources of worker heterogeneity in search time and wage losses. First, we detail how experience-related characteristics affect workers' labour market careers during a period of three years after the bankruptcy of the firm. We find that wage losses are large. Interestingly, firm, rank, or job tenure do not explain observed wage differences. Idiosyncratic ability, job rotations prior to displacement, and differences in pre- and post-displacement job characteristics contribute most to observed variations in wages. The individual post-displacement labor market histories allow for testing the Blanchard-Diamond (1994) ranking model for which we find no support. We then develop a dynamic reservation wage updating model. The method of updating is based on the simple idea that job seekers are informed about successful matches of their former colleagues (Rees, 1966; Granovetter, 1974). The model fits the data well.
Decision support and uncertainty in self-supply irrigation areas

The south-west of Western Australia (WA) has a large number of private earth dams, or farm dams, capturing water primarily for commercial irrigation. For agriculturalists and water authorities the management of these dams raises key questions regarding the total volume and timing of water that the dams intercept; and the reliability of irrigation water supplied from the dams to agricultural land. To address these questions, a decision support tool has been developed in eWater's Source modelling system. The tool simulates the water balance of farm dams and is designed to report on the reliability of supply of individual dams. This paper discusses the challenges of modelling farm dams on the individual scale, and compares this with previous studies that focussed on the catchment scale. Uncertainty in decision support was explored using a Monte-Carlo framework, and the results indicate that reliability of supply of a given dam can be predicted with greater certainty if streamflow has been gauged locally and the volume of dams upstream has been measured. Recommendations for future work to improve accuracy of simulations are provided.
IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF ADOPTION OF WATER SAVING IRRIGATION INTERVENTIONS ON THE SOCIO- ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL FARMERS IN DISTRICT FAISALABAD

The irrigation water-saving technologies mainly include watercourse improvement, improved farm layout, laser land leveling and bed planting of wheat. To evaluate the impact of adoption of water saving irrigation interventions on the socio-economic development of small farmers at small farms, Faisalabad district was selected as study area. It consists of five tehsils: Faisalabad, Jaranwala, Sammundri, Chak Jhumra and Tandlianwala out of which three tehsils (Jaranwala, Sammundri and Chak Jhumra) were randomly selected. A list of 25 watercourses where maximum water saving interventions were applied, was separately prepared from each tehsil. A sample of ten improved watercourses where maximum water saving irrigation interventions (5 or 6 out of 10) were applied, were selected using randomizer.com pathway from each tehsil. Thus a total of 30 improved watercourses were taken. From these 30 watercourses, 9 small farmers (having landholding<12.5 acres) were selected randomly: 3 each from head, middle and tail, respectively. So a sample of 270 respondents was selected. Quantitative data were collected during the year 2010 and analyzed using the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS). Descriptive statistics, including frequencies percentages, means and standard deviations, were used to summarize different variables. Overall results showed that adoption of water saving interventions affected the socio economic status of farmers. Further, the extent of observed changes after using water saving interventions in increase in income, better care of child health, increase in cattle, more entertainment for children, more use of fruit and increase in electricity bill was above an average extent with 69.6, 67.0, 65.2 and 59.3, 59.3 and 58.1 percent respectively, and use of taxi for traveling, better living standard and use of gas cylinders are on average extent with 54.8, 51.5 and 50.7 percent respectively.