Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distinct tau folds initiate templated seeding and alter the post-translational modification profile

Abstract Pathological tau accumulates in the brain in tauopathies such as Alzheimer's disease, Pick's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration, and forms amyloid-like filaments incorporating various post-translational modifications (PTMs). Cryo-electron microscopic (cryo-EM) studies have demonstrated that tau filaments extracted from tauopathy brains are characteristic of the disease and share a common fold(s) in the same disease group. Furthermore, the tau PTM profile changes during tau pathology formation and disease progression, and disease-specific PTMs are detected in and around the filament core. In addition, templated seeding has been suggested to trigger pathological tau amplification and spreading in vitro and in vivo, although the molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Recently, we reported that the cryo-EM structures of tau protofilaments in SH-SY5Y cells seeded with patient-derived tau filaments show a core structure(s) resembling that of the original seeds. Here, we investigated PTMs of tau filaments accumulated in the seeded cells by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and compared them with the PTMs of patient-derived tau filaments. Examination of insoluble tau extracted from SH-SY5Y cells showed that numerous phosphorylation, deamidation and oxidation sites detected in the fuzzy coat in the original seeds were well reproduced in SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, templated tau filament formation preceded both truncation of the N-/C-terminals of tau and PTMs in and around the filament core, indicating these PTMs may predominantly be introduced after the degradation of the fuzzy coat.
Measurement of Cardiorespiratory Activity Using Planar Coils and a High-Resolution Inductance-to-Digital Converter

This article presents a noncontact device for monitoring cardiorespiratory activity based on an inductive method using a high-resolution 24-bit inductance-to-digital converter (LDC3114). We describe experimental setup, encompassing the LDC configuration procedure, energy consumption analysis and its optimization, and the electromagnetic (EM) biocompatibility of the device. The device’s functionality was evaluated through various measurements, including tests with distilled water to investigate the influence of capacitive coupling. Measurements from the chest area yielded information on cardiorespiratory activity, which was compared with established electrocardiography and respiratory activity sensing methods. The proposed device utilizes the LDC for excitation and signal acquisition, offering improved noise immunity and signal quality. We highlight the advantages of this method, such as noncontact operation, noninvasiveness, high resolution, and minimized hardware complexity. In addition, the device incorporates wireless data transfer, facilitating convenient data acquisition. The measurements demonstrate that the device’s resolution is sufficient for reliable cardiorespiratory monitoring. An important aspect of this research is the implementation of capacitive coupling shielding to enhance measurement accuracy. We propose a shielding scheme that preserves the device’s ability to detect volume changes inductively. Preliminary results indicate distinct signal characteristics when using shielding, potentially mitigating the impact of some side sensing effects in the region of interest—the arterial tree. The proposed capacitive coupling shielding scheme shows potential for improving measurement accuracy. Future studies should explore this direction further to advance the understanding of the distinctive characteristics of shielded and unshielded measurements.
Fatigue Performance of Rib-to-Deck Double-Sided Weld Joint of Orthotropic Steel Deck on Plate Girder Railway Bridges

This research work presents the stress behavior of rib-deck weld joints in Orthotropic Steel Deck (OSD) railway bridges. It is essential to determine the most vulnerable load mode of the wheels for fatigue failure of OSD bridges and to improve the fatigue resistance of the welded rib-deck connection. Fatigue performance largely depends on the weld stress. Double-sided welds for rib-deck welds improve fatigue performance. The fatigue behavior of the rib-deck double-sided weld joint has been compared with the single-sided one. This study used Abaqus software to create the global shell model and the solid submodel of the OSD. The results of the structural stress-based finite element analysis indicated that when the center line of the front axle pair of a locomotive coincides with the center line of the midspan of the bridge, the most severe loading condition occurs. The rib near the main girder experiences the maximum structural stress in the weld toe of the rib-deck joint. Moreover, the rib-deck double-sided weld joints have 43.7% less structural stress compared to single-sided weld joints at the root of the weld, and this improves the performance during fatigue of OSDs.
Guided Tissue and Bone Regeneration Membranes: A Review of Biomaterials and Techniques for Periodontal Treatments

This comprehensive review provides an in-depth analysis of the use of biomaterials in the processes of guided tissue and bone regeneration, and their indispensable role in dental therapeutic interventions. These interventions serve the critical function of restoring both structural integrity and functionality to the dentition that has been lost or damaged. The basis for this review is laid through the exploration of various relevant scientific databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of science and MEDLINE. From a meticulous selection, relevant literature was chosen. This review commences by examining the different types of membranes used in guided bone regeneration procedures and the spectrum of biomaterials employed in these operations. It then explores the manufacturing technologies for the scaffold, delving into their significant impact on tissue and bone regenerations. At the core of this review is the method of guided bone regeneration, which is a crucial technique for counteracting bone loss induced by tooth extraction or periodontal disease. The discussion advances by underscoring the latest innovations and strategies in the field of tissue regeneration. One key observation is the critical role that membranes play in guided reconstruction; they serve as a barrier, preventing the entry of non-ossifying cells, thereby promoting the successful growth and regeneration of bone and tissue. By reviewing the existing literature on biomaterials, membranes, and scaffold manufacturing technologies, this paper illustrates the vast potential for innovation and growth within the field of dental therapeutic interventions, particularly in guided tissue and bone regeneration.
Recent trends in two-dimensional graphene derivatives-based composites: Review on synthesis, properties and applications

Owing to the unique properties of 2D graphene derivatives (2D GDs), their composites with other materials possess superior characteristics over other existing materials in the universe. Accordingly, 2D GDs-based composites have emerged as leading materials for substantial advancements of various technological industries such as energy, electronics, sensors, catalysis, environmental remediation, biomedical and structural sectors. Recently, numerous research innovations, have been developed for reliable production of 2D GDs-based composites with high quality, plentiful availability and competitive costs. The overall performance of 2D GDs-based composites is controlled by three main issues. First, the synthesis strategy of GD sheets, which determines the characteristic properties, quantity and cost of the 2D GD product. Second, the surface functionalization of GD sheets, which enhances the compatibility and chemical affinity between GD sheets and other materials within the composites. Finally, the processing method of the composite that strongly affects its microstructure, properties, productivity and cost. This makes such three processes, matters of great concern when designing 2D GDs-based composites for specific application. In this article, the structure, properties, synthesis and surface functionalization of 2D GDs are reviewed. Then, the review article discusses the research developments of 2D GDs-based composites with inorganic materials and polymers, in terms of preparation, properties and applications. Particular focus is placed on Green and/or clean production technologies. The recent research interest in the 2D GDs/multicomponent hybrid composites, with their distinctive multifunctional properties, is highlighted. Also, the new implemented applications of 2D GDs-based composites from 2021, are pointed out, as well as the currently running practical projects, which are proposing innovative futural applications prospects. Graphical Abstract
Corporate Social Responsibility in Selected FMCG Companies in India: A Content Analysis

CSR is a very broader concept that addresses the various topic related to health care, sanitation and safety, environmental effects, contribution to economic development, relief efforts etc. The main purpose of the study is to analyze the CSR activities carried out by the selected FMCG companies in India. The official websites of the selected FMCG companies were analyzed for this study. The most preferred CSR activities were observed to be health hygiene and nutrition, environment sustainability, water and sanitation projects and women empowerment etc.
Cloud Radiative Forcing at the ARM Climate Research Facility. Part 1; Technique, Validation, and Comparison to Satellite-derived Diagnostic Quantities

1. Department of Meteorology, University of Utah 2. Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 3. Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Hampton University 4. State University of New York at Albany 5. NASA Langley Research Center 6. Oregon State University 7. University of North Dakota 8. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 9. Analytical Services and Materials, Inc.
Remote Sensing Satellite Image Acquisition Planning: Framework, Methods and Application

This dissertation explores the theories and methods of satellite remote sensing image acquisition planning within a spatial temporal context. For many time sensitive applications, such as disaster emergency response, timely acquisition of critical information is the key to intelligent and effective decision making. Remote sensing plays an important role in information collection for these time sensitive applications. Imagery collected from hundreds of remote sensing satellite sensors offer accurate, frequent and almost instantaneous data covering the Earth in a relatively short time. However, determining which satellite sensors can provide an appropriated kind of imageries during a restricted collection window for the analysis is problematic. Satellite image acquisition planning is developed to solve the problem. This research explores the design and implementation of s spatial decision support system (SDSS) for satellite image acquisition planning. A SDSS framework is proposed, and several novel models and algorithms are developed to derive optimized satellite image acquisition solutions. Chapter 2 describes the components of the framework; Chapter 3 and Chapter 4 present several models including composite satellite image collection opportunities modeling, collection opportunities evaluation model, and a spatial optimization model. Based on the framework, models, and algorithm, Chapter 5 presents an application of satellite image acquisition planning for tidally influenced salt marshes for vegetation mapping. Collectively, this research provides a foundation for research and development towards the satellite image acquisition planning.
Clinicoradiological parameters predicting operative difficulty in laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for renal tumors

Introduction: The number of renal tumors amenable to laparoscopic surgery is rising, both, due early detection by improved imaging techniques and due to progressive improvements in minimal access surgery. Conversion to open surgery, which is a significant event, can be minimized by proper case selection. We assessed the pre-operative factors that can predict the operative difficulty and can help in case selection, thus avoiding complications and reducing the chances of conversion to open. Methods: One hundred and sixteen patients (73 males and 43 females) with the mean age of 50.78 ± 14.2 years, meeting the inclusion criteria underwent transperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN). Various clinical, anthropometric, radiological, and pathological parameters were recorded. Intraoperative difficulty was assessed and graded on a scale of 1 (easiest) to 4 (most difficult or open conversion) by an independent observer to calculate the difficulty score, which along with the other parameters of operative difficulty, was used to calculate the difficulty scale. Significant parameters on the univariate analysis, were subjected to a multivariate analysis, to find parameters that can predict the operative difficulty. Results: The mean age was 52 ± 14.29 years, mean size was 4 ± 1.04 cm, male:female ratio was 1.6:1, most of the tumors were exophytic (60%) and anteriorly located (62%) and had a mean perinephric fat surface density (PnFSD) of 6446.026 ± 2244 surface density pixel units (SDPU). On the univariate analysis, age >60 years, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance score >1, presence of perinephric fat stranding, increased PnFSD (>10,000 SDPU), large tumor size (>4 cm), hilar/posterior location, endophytic tumors and higher clinical stage were significantly associated with intraoperative difficulty. However, on the multivariate analysis, no single factor could independently predict intraoperative difficulty in LPN for Renal tumors. Conclusion: It is difficult to predict the intra-operative difficulty during LPN. Feasibility of LPN should be based on multiple factors rather than a single factor.
Decision-making abilities under risk and ambiguity in adults with traumatic brain injury: what do we know so far? A systematic review and meta-analysis

ABSTRACT Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health and socio-economic problem since it is one of the major sources of death and disability worldwide. TBI patients usually show high heterogeneity in their clinical features, including both cognitive and emotional/behavioral alterations. As it specifically concerns cognitive functioning, these patients usually show decision-making (DM) deficits. DM is commonly considered a complex and multistep process that is strictly linked to both hot and cold executive functioning and is pivotal for daily life functioning and patients’ autonomy. However, the results are not always in agreement, with some studies that report huge alterations in the DM processes, while others do not. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aims to integrate past literature on this topic, providing a clear and handy picture both for researchers and clinicians. Thirteen studies addressing domain-general DM abilities were included from an initial N = 968 (from three databases). Results showed low heterogeneity between the studies (I2 = 7.90, Q (12) = 13.03, p = . 37) supporting the fact that, overall, TBI patients showed lower performance in DM tasks as compared to healthy controls (k = 899, g = .48, 95% CI [0.33; 0.62]) both in tasks under ambiguity and under risk. The evidence that emerged from this meta-analysis denotes a clear deficit of DM abilities in TBI patients. However, DM tasks seemed to have good sensitivity but low specificity. A detailed description of patients’ performances and the role of both bottom-up, hot executive functions and top-down control functions have been further discussed. Finally, future directions and practical implications for both researchers and clinicians have been put forward.
Modelling Temporality in Person- and Variable-Centred Approaches

Learning analytics needs to pay more attention to the temporal aspect of learning processes, especially in self-regulated learning (SRL) research. In doing so, learning analytics models should incorporate both the duration and frequency of learning activities, the passage of time, and the temporal order of learning activities. However, where this exhortation is widely supported, there is less agreement on its consequences. Does paying tribute to temporal aspects of learning processes necessarily imply that event-based models are to replace variable-based models, and analytic discovery methods substitute traditional statistical methods? We do not necessarily require such a paradigm shift to give temporal aspects their position. First, temporal aspects can be integrated into variable-based models that apply statistical methods by carefully choosing appropriate time windows and granularity levels. Second, in addressing temporality in learning analytic models that describe authentic learning settings, heterogeneity is of crucial importance in both variable- and event-based models. Variable-based person-centred modelling, where a heterogeneous sample is split into homogeneous subsamples, is suggested as a solution. Our conjecture is illustrated by an application of dispositional learning analytics, describing authentic learning processes over an eight-week full module of 2,360 students.
Hazard‐consistent simulated earthquake ground motions for PBEE applications on stiff soil and rock sites

Ground motion record selection is a standard step in state‐of‐the‐art performance‐based earthquake engineering (PBEE) applications. It links the structural response to seismic hazard of the site of interest. In this process, suites of hazard‐consistent ground motion recordings of a wide range of intensity levels are selected (and often scaled) from a database of ground motions to be used as input to nonlinear dynamic response analysis. The ideal practice would be to select ground motions from a database of recorded accelerograms in such a way that they are consistent with the seismic hazard at as many intensity measure (IM) levels as possible and for all important causative scenarios. However, the available databases are not heavily populated, especially for the large‐magnitude short‐distance scenarios. Therefore, synthetic ground motions are the natural candidates to enlarge the database of recordings for scenarios that are important to the site hazard but lack, completely or partially, recorded accelerograms. The usage of such recordings, however, can be recommended only after they are proven to be “realistic” through a battery of seismological and statistical tests. In this study, we propose and implement a multi‐fold testing framework for such an evaluation. We first generate a ground motion database of simulated ground motions (SDB) whose values of the parameters of the causative earthquakes are, to the extent possible, the same of those that caused the ground motions in a mirror database of recorded ground motions (RDB). We then utilize the conditional spectrum (CS) approach computed for a hypothetical rock site in Perugia, Italy, to select hazard consistent records separately from the RDB and SDB databases. A comprehensive set of comparisons of distributions of several IMs, computed from the selected sets, and of distributions of engineering demand parameters (EDPs), that such record sets induce on simple SDoF structures suggests the adequacy of using the proposed simulated ground motions for structural response analyses of structures on stiff and rock sites.
Large Pericardial Effusion Secondary to Generalized Myxedema from Undiagnosed Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

Patient: Male, 42-year-old Final Diagnosis: Myxedema coma • pericardial effusion Symptoms: Acute encephalopathy • acute respiratory failure • pericardial effusion Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Cardiology • Endocrinology and Metabolic Objective: Unusual clinical course Background: Pericardial effusions are considered to be present when accumulated fluid within the pericardial sac exceeds the small amount that is normally present, causing impairment in the diastolic filling of the right heart. This case demonstrates an uncommon presentation of a large pericardial effusion by showing its relationship to myxedema in a patient with untreated hypothyroidism. Case Report: A 42-year-old man with a past medical history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and opioid abuse presented to the emergency department due to altered mental status, for which he received Narcan without resolution of symptoms. Computed tomography (CT) of the brain was without any acute intracranial abnormalities to explain the patient’s altered mental status. CT chest reported a pericardial effusion, with a subsequent transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) showing a moderate-to-large circumferential effusion without right atrial/ventricular collapse and no cardiac tamponade physiology. On further investigation, he was found to have severe hypothyroidism with elevated thyroid peroxidase antibodies. Endocrinology was consulted to start IV levothyroxine and liothyronine to treat autoimmune Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Subsequent TTE after starting hypothyroidism treatment showed an ejection fraction (EF) of 45–50% with mildly reduced left ventricular systolic function and moderate-to-large pericardial effusion, with no evidence of tamponade physiology. After treatment of hypothyroidism, the thyroid panel, EF, and pericardial effusion improved significantly. Conclusions: This case illustrates the potential for suffering a large pericardial effusion secondary to generalized myxedema in a patient with severe hypothyroidism from undiagnosed Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. It is important to recognize this condition for appropriate therapy and prevention of worsening cardiac conditions.