Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A REVIEW STUDY OF ECONOMICS ANALYSIS IN ENGINEERING PROJECTS

Engineering economics, previously known as engineering economy, is a subset of economics concerned with the use and application of economic principles in the analysis of engineering decisions. As a discipline, it is focused on the branch of economics known as microeconomics in that it studies the behavior of individuals and firms in making decisions regarding the allocation of limited resources. Thus, it focuses on the decision making process, its context and environment. It is pragmatic by nature, integrating economic theory with engineering practice. But, it is also a simplified application of microeconomic theory in that it avoids a number of microeconomic concepts such as price determination, competition and demand/supply. As a discipline though, it is closely related to others such as statistics, mathematics and cost accounting. It draws upon the logical framework of economics but adds to that the analytical power of mathematics and statistics. Engineers seek solutions to problems, and the economic viability of each potential solution is normally considered along with the technical aspects. Fundamentally, engineering economics involves formulating, estimating, and evaluating the economic outcomes when alternatives to accomplish a defined purpose are available. The study includes an introduction to the application of economic techniques to the evaluation of design and engineering alternatives, cash flow concepts, interest factors, comparison of alternatives, benefit - cost analysis, and conclusions of the study. One of the objectives of the economic analysis in engineering projects is the good management which consists primarily of making wise decisions; wise decisions in turn involve making a choice between alternatives. Engineering considerations determine the possibility of a project being carried out and point out the alternative ways in which the project could be handled. Economic considerations also largely determine a project's desirability and dictate ho
Multi-fingered Dexterous Hands: From Simplicity to Complexity and Simplifying Complex Applications

： A multi-fingered dexterous hand is a highly flexible and complex end-effector for robots. Since it can imitate various dexterous grasping and complex manipulation abilities of human hand, multi-fingered dexterous hand has been continuously studied and developed for more than half a century and has attracted extensive attention and received wide expectation from the public. In this paper, the research and development of humanoid multi-fingered dexterous hands are reviewed and analyzed. The complexity of multi-fingered dexterous hand is analyzed from aspects of bionic structures, actuation systems, transmission, sensing, composite/smart materials, and modeling and control. The complexity of multi-fingered dexterous hand is discussed from an applicational viewpoint in three levels: Partial function repetition, agile manipulation imitation, and function enhancement of human ability. Simplified realization of the complex application based on multi-fingered dexterous hand is also discussed. The dialectical relationship between the complexity of multi-fingered dexterous hand and the simplicity of application is illustrated. Finally, the trend and challenges of the multi-fingered dexterous hand research are analyzed concerning bionics, flexible sensing technology, manipulation planning, control strategy, and reducing cost.
eview he axonal endoplasmic reticulum and protein trafficking : Cellular ootlegging south of the soma

Neurons are responsible for the generation and propagation of electrical impulses, which constitute the central mechanism of information transfer between the nervous system and internal or external environments. Neurons are large and polarized cells with dendrites and axons constituting their major functional domains. Axons are thin and extremely long specializations that mediate the conduction of these electrical impulses. Regulation of the axonal proteome is fundamental to generate and maintain neural function. Although classical mechanisms of protein transport have been around for decades, a
The Local Migration of Plant-Based Medicines from Rural Communities to Gral. E. Aquino, Paraguay

Rural Paraguay presents interesting opportunities for investigating the subtle differences in the use of medicinal plants across seasons and the urban versus rural dichotomy in a local setting. This study investigates three aspects of plant-based medicinal use in rural Paraguay: 1) seasonal differences and 2) differences between urban and rural residents and 3) the source of medicinal plants used to treat thirteen common ailments. Interviews performed in January through March 2015 and repeated in June through August 2015 revealed small differences between seasons and between places of residence but a larger homogeneity in the two populations, a homogeneity that stems from the recent migration of urban residents from nearby rural communities. We also found that the important cultural and preventive medicinal use of plant-based additions to yerba mate contributes to the similarities between the urban and rural populations. The findings suggest the continued strength of medicinal plant use going into the near future.
Difference-templates based target tracking method

This paper proposes a difference-templates based target tracking method (DTBTTM) with the originality of constructing a collection of difference templates that represent the varying characteristics of target region, such as translation, scale, and illumination. DTBTTM method uses the linear combination of such difference templates to represent the variation of target region, and computes coefficients with respect to the corresponding templates. The final target position and window size can be determined with these coefficients. DTBTTM method simply solves linear equations, and is quite different from correlation method in which 2-dimensional search is required to calculate similarity between pre-defined template and the region of interest. Experimental results show that the DTBTTM is highly adaptable to the variation of target region, and is robust to the variation of translation, scale, illumination, and even occlusion.
Tungsten Oxide as Hole Contact for Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells

Reactively sputtered tungsten oxide (WOx) was investigated as hole contact on n-type crystalline silicon. Varying the oxygen gas flow during sputtering enables variation of the WOx conductivity from 0.01 to 1000Ω/cm, while the band bending at the interface and the implied fill factor (FF) change by 70 meV and 1.5 %. Sputtered WOx shows higher resistivity and higher absorption in the visible range compared to ITO. Therefore stacks of WOx and ITO are used in solar cells. It was found that at least 20 nm thick WOx is needed to prevent detrimental effects of the ITO work function on the band bending at the junction, the implied FF and real FF of solar cells. WOx hole contacts of different thicknesses and conductivity were applied in solar cells and it was found that the highest FF is achieved using about 20 nm thick interlayers of WOx with the highest possible conductivity. It was found that sputtering enables a drastic improvement of WOx/silicon solar cells compared to thermal evaporation, due to the precise control of the WOx conductivity. Unfortunately the resistivity of sputtered WOx is still limiting the FF of these devices.
CD 20 as a target for therapy

Rituximab is a chimeric human-mouse monoclonal antibody directed against CD20 antigen. CD20 antigen is characterisitc for precursors and mature B lymphocytes. Rituximab is thought to induce complement-mediated cytotoxicity (CDC), antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and apoptosis. Rituximab is mainly used to treat non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas, however it may prove an optimal treatment in various diseases related to autoantibody production. Beside rituximab there are other anti-CD20 antibodies: ibritumomab, tositumomab (both conjugated with radioisotopes), ofatumumab (human antibody undergoing clinical studies). The other strategies to target lymphoma cells include small peptides (mimotopes) that mimic CD20 antigen and thus force patient’s organism to produce anti-CD20 antibodies.
Exact Multiple Sequence Alignment by Synchronized Decision Diagrams

This paper develops an exact solution algorithm for the multiple sequence alignment (MSA) problem. In the first step, we design a dynamic programming model and use it to construct a novel multivalued decision diagram (MDD) representation of all pairwise sequence alignments (PSA). PSA MDDs are then synchronized using side constraints to model the MSA problem as a mixed-integer program (MIP), for the first time, in polynomial space complexity. Two bound-based filtering procedures are developed to reduce the size of the MDDs, and the resulting MIP is solved using logic-based Benders decomposition. For a more effective algorithm, we develop a two-phase solution approach. In the first phase, we use optimistic filtering to quickly obtain a near-optimal bound, which we then use for exact filtering in the second phase to prove or obtain an optimal solution. Numerical results on benchmark instances show that our algorithm solves several instances to optimality for the first time, and, in case optimality cannot be proven, considerably improves upon a state-of-the-art heuristic MSA solver. Comparison with an existing state-of-the-art exact MSA algorithm shows that our approach is more time efficient and yields significantly smaller optimality gaps.
Meyrier ) Supported by an educational grant from Where do we stand with renovascular hypertension ?

In a bygone era, secondary hypertension was an easy issue. We had the obligation to investigate all hypertensive patients for secondary causes [1]. Patients identified with secondary hypertension were referred to an appropriate surgeon and the deed was done. After all, back then ‘a chance to cut was a chance to cure’. However, these pastoral times are gone, with the single exception of pheochromocytoma. Evidencebased medicine has chased us away from this lofty goal and we have become slaves to the Cochrane reports and ‘nothing is proved’. Whether or not this attitude is clinically acceptable in any given patient is a debate that clinicians face every day.
Benefits of volunteerism for middle-aged and older adults: comparisons between types of volunteering activities

Abstract Volunteering is a popular activity among middle-aged and older adults as means to contribute to the society and to maintain personal health and wellbeing. While the benefits of volunteering have been well-documented in the current literature, it does not tend to distinguish between various types of volunteering activities. This cross-sectional study aims to compare the effects of instrumental (e.g. food preparation, fundraising) and cognitively demanding volunteering activities (e.g. befriending, mentoring) in a sample of 487 middle-aged and older Hong Kong Chinese adults. Participation in instrumental and cognitively demanding volunteering, life satisfaction, depressive symptoms, cognitive functioning and hand-grip strength were measured. The results of two-way between-subject robust analyses of variance demonstrated significant main effects of volunteering type and their interaction effect with age on life satisfaction and depressive symptoms. Comparisons among four volunteering groups (no volunteering, instrumental volunteering, cognitively demanding volunteering and both types) revealed that individuals engaging in instrumental volunteering exhibited lower life satisfaction and more depressive symptoms compared to those who engaged in cognitively demanding volunteering and those who did not volunteer at all. This detrimental pattern of instrumental volunteering was only seen in middle-aged adults, but not in older adults. Findings of this study revealed distinctive effects of two volunteering types, and provide valuable directions for designing future volunteering programmes.
aladie thromboembolique veineuse : questions et ontroverses . Séminaire pédagogique du DESC de édecine vasculaire ( 22 novembre 2007 ) enous thromboembolic disease : Questions and ontroversies . Teaching seminary in vascular edicine ( November 22 , 2007 )

MOTS CLÉS Thrombose veineuse profonde ; Thrombophilie Résumé La prise en charge de la maladie thromboembolique veineuse évolue rapidement, tant que le plan diagnostique que thérapeutique, mais de nombreuses questions ou controverses subsistent. Au travers de cette revue, nous avons voulu faire le point sur des notions encore débattues. La présentation de la pathologie a grandement évolué ces dernières années et des données épidémiologiques nouvelles issues de l’étude Optimev sont présentées. L’irruption de la TDM multibarettes dans le diagnostic de l’embolie pulmonaire (EP) a considérablement modifié les pratiques cliniques et l’intrication des différentes imageries utilisées est abordée. Enfin, nous faisons le point sur les thrombophilies constitutionnelles ou acquises, notamment le cancer associé à la maladie thromboembolique veineuse, qui reste une préoccupation quotidienne et dont les approches en termes de dépistage restent encore discutées. Cette revue a fait l’objet d’un enseignement du DESC de médecine vasculaire en novembre 2007. © 2008 Elsevier Masson SAS. Tous droits réservés.
Women, Men, and the Bedroom

Many researchers have elucidated large, well-established, and reliable gender differences in sexuality, but relatively few have empirically examined conditions under which these differences can be eliminated. This article investigates some established sexuality gender differences in greater depth. We demonstrate how creative theoretical and empirical approaches may shed light on prevalent misconceptions concerning sex-related gender differences.
Research Topics in Accounting Fraud in the 21st Century: A State of the Art

Companies play a role in society that clearly goes beyond mere economic interest. Their contribution to social development and to the sustainability of the territory where they are located seems unquestionable. However, after the great financial scandals of companies such as ENRON, WorldCom or AHOLD, interest groups require accurate and transparent financial information. The development of more demanding financial reporting standards seems, however, not to have been up to scratch, since accounting fraud continues to be detected all over the world. The search, therefore, for possible causes that may induce companies to act unethically was the main motivation behind this research. To do this, a review of the literature in high-impact journals that has dealt with accounting fraud, covering the main lines of research, was carried out. The findings of the literature review highlight the importance of responsible corporate governance and good accounting practices, as well as the importance of certain psychological characteristics of managers and employees as enhancers of the lack of ethics. It is clear that the social cost of accounting fraud should be minimized, and governments should develop specific policies that combine responsible corporate governance in companies with the sustainability of their environment.
A random Trotter product formula

Let X(t) be a pure jump process with state space S and let , , ,2, be the succession of states visited by X(t), A0A. the sojourn times in each state, N(t) the number of transitions before t and A=t= t-N(t)-0 Sk. For each x1 S let Tz(t) be an operator semigroup on a Banach space L. Define TA(t, w)= T$0((l1)Ao)T41((11/)A1). **. T. t)((1I)At). Conditions are given under which rA(t, w) will converge almost surely (or in probability) to a semigroup of operators as A-oo. With S={1, 2} and X(t) = 1, 2n _ t < 2n + 1, = 2, 2n + 1 t < 2n + 2, n=O, 1, 2, * the result is just the "Trotter product formula".
Large uniaxial negative thermal expansion in pentacene due to steric hindrance

The uniaxial negative thermal expansion in pentacene crystals along a is a particularity in the series of the oligoacenes and is exceptionally large for a crystalline solid. Full x-ray structure analysis from 120 to 413 K reveals that the dominant thermal motion is a libration of the rigid molecules about their long axes, modifying the intermolecular angle which describes the herringbone packing within the layers. This herringbone angle increases with temperature by 0.3° – 0.6° per 100 K and causes an anisotropic rearrangement of the molecules within the layers, i.e., an expansion in the b direction and a distinct contraction along a. Additionally, a larger herringbone angle improves the cofacial overlap between adjacent, parallel molecules, and thus enhances the attractive van der Waals forces.
Agritourism-A Sustainable Development Factor for Improving the ‘Health’ of Rural Settlements. Case Study Apuseni Mountains Area

Agritourism is a complex activity, a chance maybe today to ensure both human health and the “health” of the environment and rural settlements in order to achieve a most wanted desideratum, the sustainability of the rural environment. The idea of this paper starts from the trend of the current period, meaning the strong emphasis on natural, organic, bio, in all human activities, health and environment, in a word, sustainability. The necessity of implementing the sustainability of activities, health and environment in rural areas, taking into account the agritourism field, was a subject pursued in the study, taking as area of study the mountainous rural environment, the reason of this choice deriving from the fact that the mountain area offers great opportunities for agritourism development, the practice of which is even necessary in the current period. The sustainability of agritourism on rural health and environment cannot be dissociated from the economic, social and cultural life of the community in which it manifests itself, and has a multiplier effect on all the domains with which it interacts. So the purpose of the paper is to follow the development of the agritourism field and, based on some present information, to make a future forecast for some specific indicators, to highlight the representative aspects related to the development and capitalization of guesthouses from a rural mountain environment through agritourism and to come up with a forecast for future transformations that need to take place in the studied area in order to support the sustainable development of the human environment through agritourism.
Orbital orientation evolution of massive binary black holes at the centres of non-spherical galaxies

At the centre of a spherical and kinematically isotropic galaxy, the orientation of a massive binary black hole (BBH) orbit (i.e., the direction of the BBH orbital angular momentum) undergoes a random walk. If the stars in a spherical system have a nonzero total angular momentum, the BBH orbital orientation evolves towards aligning with the total stellar angular momentum direction. In this paper, we show that a triaxial galaxy has an alignment-erasing effect, that is, the alignment of the BBH orientations towards the galaxy rotation axis can be decreased significantly or erased. We also show that in a non-rotating axisymmetric galaxy, the BBH orbital orientation evolves towards the axisymmetric axis and precesses about it in a retrograde direction. Our results provide a step towards understanding the spin orientations of the final merged BH (and hence probable orientation of any jet produced) within its host galaxy, and may help to constrain the recoiling velocity of the merged BH arose from gravitational wave radiation as well.
Employment Experience of Immigrant Workers in Tourism

This research explores the experience of immigrants employed in tourism in Slovenia. Four main areas were studied: (1) formal regulation of working and living, (2) health and social care, (3) job satisfaction, and (4) integration into the Slovenian environment. The causes for this research were recent stories in various media regarding foreign workers in Slovenian economy and little to no research studies in the field of tourism. The idea of the article was to demonstrate the employment of labour migrants’ experiences in tourism and to make proposals to improve the employment experience in the future. We started out by studying the existing theory, and then performed qualitative research, in which the employment experiences of four immigrants was studied in the previously mentioned four identified areas. Interviews were carried out with immigrants from different countries and of different professions, and were later evaluated with content analysis. The results of the study show that the employment experience of immigrants employed in tourism in Slovenia is both positive and negative, as there were positive and negative factors of experience identified in all areas of research.We do not want to give a generalised assessment of the experience, but rather show certain views and experiences; based on that, we can learn.The results do not apply to the entire population, but with them we present the diversity of the subject. The greatest limitation while researching was finding participants. Initially, proposals for improvement are given on three levels; government, employer, and society. The main improvement should be the better flow of information, for which we suggest transferring more information online. Slovene society should be striving for tolerance so that foreigners would feel more welcomed.
Feeding Sows Lucerne, or Diets with Similar Energy and Nutritional Profiles to Lucerne, Improves the Pre-Weaning Performance of Piglets

Feeding fibre and branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) to sows during late gestation and lactation, respectively, have been shown to improve litter weights at weaning. Therefore, supplementing primiparous sow diets with lucerne chaff, a feedstuff high in fibre, BCAA and tryptophan, may improve the performance of their progeny. Experiment 1 investigated the effects of feeding primiparous sows (n = 118) either (i) a control diet (CON); (ii) CON with 1 kg of lucerne chaff (LUC); or (iii) a diet formulated to have a similar digestible energy and BCAA content as CON + LUC (SIMLUC 1) until farrowing. The LUC and SIMLUC 1 diets improved day 21 litter weight (p = 0.055). In Experiment 2 primiparous (n = 111) and multiparous sows (parities 2–5, n = 112) were fed either the CON or SIMLUC diet (SIMLUC 2) from day 110 of gestation to farrowing (PreF), or to day 10 post-farrowing (PreF + PostF). The SIMLUC 2 diet tended to be more beneficial to primiparous compared to multiparous sows when fed PreF, as indicated by an interaction between diet and parity on day 21 average piglet weights (p = 0.078). Overall, SIMLUC is most effective in improving primiparous progeny performance as evidenced by their D21 weights.
Energy competent cluster‐based secured CH routing EC2SR protocol for mobile wireless sensor network

Mobile wireless sensor network (MWSN) consists of several wireless mobile sensor nodes which animatedly broadcast information among themselves without dependence of base station. Because of its unique mobility and energetic environment, MWSNs are more vulnerable to many forms of assaults and network protection. Any unusual activity that threatens resource dependability, privacy, or accessibility is referred to as an interruption. A novel, dynamic energy efficient cluster‐based secure routing identifies these challenges while discovering exact routing and identifying malicious node in MWSN. Design is organized as a dynamic hierarchy in which data is disseminated without loss from source to destination. Clustering methods are used to rearrange the dynamic hierarchy in order to improve communication. Cluster heads are chosen depending on residual energy and topology change. Proposed protocol is used for securing data and routing tactic will broadcasting. Simulation of energy efficient cluster‐based secured routing protocol is carried out by NS2. This routing protocol provides enhanced energy efficiency, secured clustering, lifetime of network and reduces network overhead.