Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transmission Line Loss Determination of Electricity by Using Convolutional Neural Network

Businesses are concerned about energy losses. Electronic gadgets have become more prevalent as a result of their adoption. The frequency with which home electricity usage data is collected has grown, allowing for sophisticated data analysis that was previously unavailable. Indeed, adopting Smart Grid (SG) networks, which are freshly improved networks of linked devices, may considerably enhance the existing energy infrastructure's dependability, economy, and durability. The SG involves sharing a lot of data, including information on specific users' power use. And using this information, machine learning and deep learning algorithms may be able to detect power theft users reliably. This paper presented a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based model for automated network-based vulnerability scanning that has excellent classification performance in many categories. Testing from iteration two to four iterations, this study examines research to discover the ideal configuration of the sequential model (SM) for categorization. The method is validated using a two-layer design, including an efficiency of 0.92, the whole first layer is composed of 128 nodes while the second level consists of 64 nodes. This allows for the development of a higher-level classifier for electrical signals, which may be employed in a number of applications. CNN was used to create electrical signal detectors, and SM was used to extract data from an electricity usage dataset. Furthermore, the number of features in the data set can be reduced using the Blue Monkey (BM) approach, and these results are then used to develop high-performance models. In this regard, the focus of this study has been on lowering the amount of needed features in the dataset in order to establish a rising classification algorithm for electrical signals. Experiments have applied the proposed systems' fantastic performance, with just 666 characteristics required to combine the CNN and BM methods. Comparative to 1035 traits when CNN was used alone. This shows that the CNN and BM models are better than the CNN model in terms of lowering sufficient know while maintaining the same reliability.
Implementation of Techniques for Enhancing Security of Southbound Infrastructure in SDN

In this paper we present techniques for enhancing the security of south bound infrastructure in SDN which includes OpenFlow switches and end hosts. In particular, the proposed security techniques have three main goals: (i) validation and secure configuration of flow rules in the OpenFlow switches by trusted SDN controller in the domain; (ii) securing the flows from the end hosts; and (iii) detecting attacks on the switches by malicious entities in the SDN domain. We have implemented the proposed security techniques as an application for ONOS SDN controller. We have also validated our application by detecting various OpenFlow switch specific attacks such as malicious flow rule insertions and modifications in the switches over a mininet emulated network.
Ancient solutions to the Ricci flow in dimension $3$

It is known from work of Perelman that any finite-time singularity of the Ricci flow on a compact three-manifold is modeled on an ancient $\kappa$-solution. We prove that the every noncompact ancient $\kappa$-solution in dimension $3$ is isometric to either the shrinking cylinders (or a quotient thereof), or the Bryant soliton.
Local Deformation of Matrix Words

In this document we study some local deformation properties of matrix representations of the universal C$^*$-algebras denoted by $\mathbb{I}^{m}_\varepsilon[p_1,\ldots,p_m]$ and $\mathbb{S}^{m-1}_\varepsilon[p_1,\ldots,p_m]$, and that we call {\bf Semi-Soft Cubes} and {\bf Semi-Soft Spheres} respectively. We will use some C$^*$-algebraic technology to study the local deformation properties of matrix words in particular representations of Semi-Soft Cubes and Spheres, we will then use these results to study the local deformation properties of generic matrix equations on words. Some geometrical aspects of the local deformation of matrix words will be addressed, and some connections with matrix numerical analysis and computational physics will be outlined as well.
Telepresence Robot System for People with Speech or Mobility Disabilities

Due to an increase in the number of disabled people around the world, inclusive solutions are becoming a priority. People with disabilities may encounter many problems and may not be able to easily participate in various activities due to physical barriers, which may sometimes cause them to be frustrated and embarrassed. Recently, the emerging telepresence robot technology has been proposed to enable people with disabilities to increase their presence by incorporating information and communications technology (ICT) into robotics platforms. Therefore, in this paper we conduct a comprehensive analysis using comparative and elicitation studies to understand the current state of mobile telepresence robot systems and to identify the gaps that must be filled. This paper further contributes to the literature by proposing a novel telepresence robot system that adapts text-to-speech (TTS) and ICT technologies with robotics for its use as an assistant. To the authors’ knowledge, the proposed system is the first MRP system that supports speech impairment and introduces emotion components into its communication function. It includes an operator site (mobile) and a remote site (robot) to allow users to control the robot from a distance and communicate with others in remote locations. It allows the user to physically interact with people and show certain emotions through the robot in remote locations, or it can accompany them to speak on their behalf. It can provide agency for both remote and in-class users through emoji-based communication and audio–video streaming with recording functionality. As shown at the end of this paper, the system was tested with 30 people, some of whom had mobility or speech disabilities, showing that the user acceptance score was above 95% and that people with disabilities liked to interact with other people using the proposed system. The users appreciated having the ability to control the robot from a distance and praised the capability to show their emotions through the robot emoji motions and to control the audio–video streaming. From this study, we conclude that the proposed telepresence system could be an asset to people with speech and mobility disabilities and could help them feel physically present in various places.
Neural network-based preprocessing to estimate the parameters of the X-ray emission of a single-temperature thermal plasma

We present data preprocessing based on an artificial neural network to estimate the parameters of the X-ray emission spectra of a single-temperature thermal plasma. The method finds appropriate parameters close to the global optimum. The neural network is designed to learn the parameters of the thermal plasma (temperature, abundance, normalisation, and redshift) of the input spectra. After training using 9000 simulated X-ray spectra, the network has grown to predict all the unknown parameters with uncertainties of about a few percent. The performance dependence on the network structure has been studied. We applied the neural network to an actual high-resolution spectrum obtained with {\it Hitomi}. The predicted plasma parameters agreed with the known best-fit parameters of the Perseus cluster within $\lesssim10$\% uncertainties. The result shows a possibility that neural networks trained by simulated data can be useful to extract a feature built in the data, which would reduce human-intensive preprocessing costs before detailed spectral analysis, and help us make the best use of large quantities of spectral data coming in the next decades.
Preparation of Mannitol-Modified Loofah and Its High-Efficient Adsorption of Cu(II) Ions in Aqueous Solution

Adsorption is considered the most favorable method for heavy metal removal. In this paper, a low-cost, high-efficiency heavy metal adsorbent, mannitol-modified loofah (MML) was prepared. Some characterization methods are used to characterize the structure of MML, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The adsorption behavior of MML for Cu(II) ions was explored under different conditions, such as the amount of adsorbent, pH, initial concentration of Cu(II) ions, and adsorption time. The results indicated that the adsorption capacity of MML for Cu(II) ions was greatly improved. When the initial concentration of Cu(II) ions was 900 mg/L and the pH is 5.0, the adsorption capacity (Qe) was 888.9 mg/g at 298K, which was significantly higher than that of some other modified cellulose adsorbents. Isothermal adsorption results showed that the adsorption process was consistent with the Freundlich model. The adsorption kinetics conformed to the pseudo-second-order equation. Furthermore, the regeneration capability of MML indicates that MML is a cheap and excellent adsorbent for Cu(II) ions removal in wastewater treatment.
Radio-Excess IRAS Galaxies: PMN/FSC Sample Selection

A sample of 178 extragalactic objects is defined by correlating the 60 μm IRAS Faint Source Catalog (FSC) with the 5 GHz Parkes-MIT-NRAO (PMN) catalog. Of these, 98 objects lie above the radio/far-infrared relation for radio-quiet objects. These radio-excess galaxies and quasars have a uniform distribution of radio excesses, with no evidence for a radio-loud correlation equivalent to the well-known radio-quiet radio/far-infrared relation. The radio-intermediate objects appear to be a new population of active galaxies not present in previous radio/far-infrared samples chosen using more stringent far-infrared criteria. The radio-excess objects extend over the full range of far-infrared luminosities seen in extragalactic objects, from low-luminosity galaxies with νLν(60 μm) < 109 L⊙ to ultraluminous infrared galaxies with νLν(60 μm) > 1012 L⊙. Objects with small radio excesses are more likely to have far-infrared colors similar to starbursts, while objects with large radio excesses have far-infrared colors typical of pure AGNs. Some of the most far-infrared luminous radio-excess objects have the highest far-infrared optical depths. These are good candidates to search for hidden broad-line regions in polarized light or via near-infrared spectroscopy. Some low far-infrared luminosity radio-excess objects appear to derive a dominant fraction of their far-infrared emission from star formation, despite the dominance of the AGN at radio wavelengths. Many of the radio-excess objects have sizes likely to be smaller than the optical host but show optically thin radio emission, rather than flat radio spectra indicative of compact quasar cores. We draw parallels between these objects and high radio luminosity compact steep-spectrum and gigahertz peaked-spectrum objects. Radio sources with these characteristics may be young AGNs in which the radio activity has begun only recently. Alternatively, high central densities in the host galaxies may be confining the radio sources to compact sizes. We discuss future observations required to distinguish between these possibilities and determine the nature of radio-excess objects.
A Playful Approach to Household Sustainability: Results From a Pilot Study on Resource Consumption

Background. U.S. households produce a significant amount of greenhouse gas emissions, indicating a potential to reduce their carbon footprints from changing food, energy, and water (FEW) consumption patterns. Behavioral change to FEW consumption is needed, but difficult to achieve. Interactive and engaging approaches like serious games could be a way to increase awareness of possible measures, leading to more sustainable behavior at a household level. This study looks into the experiences and effects of a digital game for homeowners with the potential to reduce FEW resource consumption impacts. Intervention. In this study, we developed and implemented a digital game to explore its potential to raise awareness of the consumption and conservation of FEW resources and the efficacy of conservation messages. This study aims to measure learning outcomes from game participation and to assess the suitability of the game for informing resource conservation actions. Methods. We tested a proof-of-concept of a digital four-player game, called HomeRUN, with 28 homeowners. The data collected include homeowners’ values and preferences with regard to FEW resources. The patterns of game actions are analyzed with an emphasis on the effectiveness of conservation messaging in informing household consumption behavior. Results. About 65% of the respondents agree that they gained a better understanding of the greenhouse gas emission impacts of FEW resource consumption after playing the game. Over 57% of the respondents agree that the game experience would influence their future consumption behavior, while a quarter of the respondents are unsure. Overall, we demonstrate the HomeRUN game has potential as a tool for informing conservation efforts at a household level.
Neutral Carbon Emission in Luminous Infrared Galaxies: The [C i] Lines as Total Molecular Gas Tracers

We present a statistical study of the [C i] (3P1 3P0), [C i] (3P2 3P1) lines (hereafter [C i] (1–0) and [C i] (2–1), respectively) and the CO(1–0) line for a sample of (ultra-)luminous infrared galaxies ((U)LIRGs). We explore the correlations between the luminosities of CO(1–0) and [C i] lines, and find that correlates almost linearly with both and , suggesting that [C i] lines can trace total molecular gas mass, at least for (U)LIRGs. We also investigate the dependence of / , / , and / on the far-infrared color of 60-to-100 μm, and find non-correlation, a weak correlation, and a modest correlation, respectively. Under the assumption that these two carbon transitions are optically thin, we further calculate the [C i] line excitation temperatures, atomic carbon masses, and mean [C i] line flux-to-H2 mass conversion factors for our sample. The resulting masses using these [C i]-based conversion factors roughly agree with those derived from and CO-to-H2 conversion factor.
Atomic Force Microscopy Applied to the Study of Metallic Glasses Alloys Based on CuZrAlEr and CuZrAl

Metallic glasses are materials that present absence of periodic atomic order of long scale and seem to be promising to application in the fields of science and engineering. They were first obtained in 1960 through the technique of rapid cooling with thinner thickness, but the development of new production techniques and the combination of elements allowed the production of amorphous condition in millimeter-thick alloys, which received the denomination of bulk metallic glasses. Two alloys of metallic glasses, with the Cu47.5Zr45. 5Al5Er2 and Cu47.75Zr47. 75Al4.5 compositions, were here studied. Their production was made through arc furnace, and the characterization through X-ray diffraction (XRD), with Cu Kα radiation, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), ultra-microhardness tester, and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), from Nanoscope IIIA. The analysis of the atomic structure of the Cu47.5Zr45. 5Al5Er2 alloy showed great structural disorder, and the Cu47.75Zr47. 75Al4.5 sample presented peaks arising from crystalline phases, like Zr4Cu2O (big cubic phase) formed due to the affinity between zirconium and oxygen, in the amorphous matrix. Using the AFM, the Cu47.5Zr45. 5Al5Er2 sample presented the values of 2.15 nm from Ra (roughness average) and 3.14 nm from RMS (Root Mean Square). Another sample has shown better results of roughness, where Ra was 1.88 nm and the RMS was 2.53 nm. As it is known, roughness is an import tribological parameter in materials and lower values allow that less surface area is exposed to harmful atmospheric effects such as corrosion, as evidence of the advantage of the sample with erbium.
In-Cabin MIMO Radar System for Human Dysfunctional Breathing Detection

The integration of wireless sensors into the automotive industry is making vehicles increasingly safe and autonomous. At present, vehicles are equipped with external sensors that facilitate maneuverability and braking and internal sensors that detect presence, seat belt state, and occupant vital signs. Early detection of dysfunctional breathing patterns can reduce the risk of accidents caused by drowsiness or fatigue. In this regard, this work presents an MIMO FMCW Radar System able to distinguish dysfunctional breathing patterns from human torso motion. The torso has been divided into six regions, and the amplitude of the elongation and the frequency of motion of each region have been measured during breathing. An elongation map is then constructed in order to graphically show the dysfunctional breathing patterns. The signal processing includes a peak search algorithm to detect elongation amplitude and a bandpass frequency filter to minimize dc components, random driver motion, and vehicle vibration. A torso elongation emulator phantom has been assembled with materials of skin-like relative permittivity and dc motors for calibration and validation of basic breathing patterns. Finally, the signal of the system is compared with that of a commercial respiration belt, and then the system is tested by performing measurements on people. The MIMO radar system is able to measure, differentiate, and classify patterns associated with dysfunctional breathing such as hyperventilation syndrome and thoracic dominant breathing.
Viscosity solutions for junctions: well posedness and stability

We introduce a notion of state-constraint viscosity solutions for one dimensional \junction"-type problems for Hamilton-Jacobi equations with non convex coercive Hamiltonians and study its well- posedness and stability properties. We show that viscosity approximations either select the state- constraint solution or have a unique limit. We also introduce another type of approximation by fattening the domain. We also make connections with existing results for convex equations and discuss extensions to time dependent and/or multi-dimensional problems.
Asymptotic results for certain weak dependent random variables

We consider a special class of weak dependent random variables with control on covariances of Lipschitz transformations. This class includes, but is not limited to, positively, negatively associated variables and a few other classes of weakly dependent structures. We prove a Strong Law of Large Numbers with a characterization of convergence rates, which is almost optimal, in the sense that it is arbitrarily close to the optimal rate for independent variables. Moreover, we prove an inequality comparing the joint distributions with the product distributions of the margins, similar to the well-known Newman's inequality for characteristic functions of associated variables. As a consequence, we prove a Central Limit Theorem together with its functional counterpart, and also the convergence of the empirical process for this class of weak dependent variables.
A Hybrid Modulation for FBLLC Converter to Achieve Flattened Efficiency Profile Over Charging of Wide Categories of Electric Vehicles

The efficiency profile of DC-DC stage for portable EV charger development deviates in a very extensive manner. This is due to wide variation in power processing over complete charging range for wide category of EVs. To sort out this issue, a hybrid modulation technique is presented in this paper. It is based on the real time detection of battery terminal voltage. No matter what is the charging mode pre charging, constant current (CC) charging or constant voltage (CV) charging. The designed control is based on voltage gain profile of LLC converter. For buck mode region, the converter is operated with frequency modulation while for boost region, it is operated with PWM control. This sagacious selection of modes, provides very limited current stress for development of portable EV charger. The mode selection is based on secondary side referred voltage and real time sensed voltage of battery. This paper presents the design of portable EV charger with battery terminal voltage varying from 42 V-300 V. The front-end stage is designed with single phase interleaved totem pole converter and secondary stage is designed with hybrid FBLLC converter. The weak and strong grid compatibility of designed charger is made with the design of frequency fixed second order generalised integrator (FFSOGI) based synchronous reference frame (SRF) based phase locked loop (PLL). A 3.3 kW maximum power transfer capacity charger is designed and simulated to validate the effectiveness of the designed EV charger.
Discovery of X-Ray Emission from G328.4+0.2, a Crab-like Supernova Remnant

G328.4+0.2 is a moderately small (5′ × 5′) Galactic radio supernova remnant (SNR) at a distance of at least 17 kpc that has been long suggested to be Crab-like. Here we report on the detection with ASCA of the X-ray emission from the SNR. The X-ray source is faint with an observed flux of (6.0 ± 0.8) × 10-13 ergs s-1 cm-2 over the 2-10 keV band. The emission is heavily cut off at low energies and no flux is detected below 2 keV. Spectral analysis confirms that the column density to the source is indeed large, NH ~ 1023 atoms cm-2, and consistent with the total column density of hydrogen through the Galaxy at this position. Good fits to the spectrum can be obtained for either thermal plasma or nonthermal power-law models, although the lack of detected line emission as well as other evidence argues against the former interpretation. The power-law index we find, αP = 2.9, is consistent with other Crab-like SNRs. In the radio band, G328.4+0.2 is nearly as luminous as the Crab Nebula, yet in the X-ray band, it is some 70 times fainter. Nevertheless, its inferred soft X-ray band luminosity is greater than all but the brightest pulsar-powered synchrotron nebulae and implies that G328.4+0.2 contains a rapidly spinning, as yet undetected, pulsar that is losing energy at a rate of ~1038 ergs s-1.
Nonnegative rank four boundaries

Matrices of nonnegative rank at most $r$ form a semialgebraic set. This semialgebraic set is understood for $r=1,2,3$. In this paper, we study boundaries of the set of matrices of nonnegative rank at most four using notions from the rigidity theory of frameworks. In the nonnegative rank three case, all boundaries are trivial or consist of matrices that have only infinitesimally rigid factorizations. For arbitrary nonnegative rank, we give a necessary condition on zero entries of a nonnegative factorization for the factorization to be infinitesimally rigid, and we show that in the case of $5 \times 5$ matrices of nonnegative rank four, there exists an infinitesimally rigid realization for every zero pattern that satisfies this necessary condition. However, the nonnegative rank four case is much more complicated than the nonnegative rank three case, and there exist matrices on the boundary that have factorizations that are not infinitesimally rigid. We discuss two such examples.
The Design and Building of openKylin on RISC-V Architecture

The RISC-V instruction set architecture (ISA) stimulates the expeditious development of novel hardware platforms. Consequently, the need for an efficient and easy-to-use operating system on RISC-V architecture emerges. However, new challenges such as system building, hardware adaptation, and application ecosystem should be addressed as the hardware podium develops. This article explores the design and building of openKylin, an open-source operating system, on the RISC-V hardware platform to address these issues, including kernel optimization, UKUI (Ultimate Kylin User Interface) package compilation, and application compatibility. The test results show that the x86 benchmark can run in the openKylin operating system correctly and efficiently on the RISC-V platform.