Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The constructive and destructive impact of autophagy on both genders’ reproducibility, a comprehensive review

ABSTRACT Reproduction is characterized by a series of massive renovations at molecular, cellular, and tissue levels. Recent studies have strongly tended to reveal the involvement of basic molecular pathways such as autophagy, a highly conserved eukaryotic cellular recycling, during reproductive processes. This review comprehensively describes the current knowledge, updated to September 2022, of autophagy contribution during reproductive processes in males including spermatogenesis, sperm motility and viability, and male sex hormones and females including germ cells and oocytes viability, ovulation, implantation, fertilization, and female sex hormones. Furthermore, the consequences of disruption in autophagic flux on the reproductive disorders including oligospermia, azoospermia, asthenozoospermia, teratozoospermia, globozoospermia, premature ovarian insufficiency, polycystic ovarian syndrome, endometriosis, and other disorders related to infertility are discussed as well. Abbreviations: AKT/protein kinase B: AKT serine/threonine kinase; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ATG: autophagy related; E2: estrogen; EDs: endocrine disruptors; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; FSH: follicle stimulating hormone; FOX: forkhead box; GCs: granulosa cells; HIF: hypoxia inducible factor; IVF: in vitro fertilization; IVM: in vitro maturation; LCs: Leydig cells; LDs: lipid droplets; LH: luteinizing hormone; LRWD1: leucine rich repeats and WD repeat domain containing 1; MAP1LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NFKB/NF-kB: nuclear factor kappa B; P4: progesterone; PCOS: polycystic ovarian syndrome; PDLIM1: PDZ and LIM domain 1; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; PtdIns3K: class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; POI: premature ovarian insufficiency; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SCs: Sertoli cells; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TSGA10: testis specific 10; TST: testosterone; VCP: vasolin containing protein.
After 3 months of medication balloon therapy, a patient who had contrast-induced encephalopathy recovered: A case report

Rationale: Iodinated contrast agents are extensively employed in clinical settings, with allergic reactions and renal impairment being the most prevalent adverse events. Contrast-induced encephalopathy (CIE) can present with heterogeneous clinical features, making diagnosis challenging. Prior studies on CIE have primarily documented rapid recovery within several days. However, this paper describes a case of CIE in a patient whose clinical symptoms took 3 months to fully abate. Patient concerns: A female patient, aged 54 years, received drug-coated balloon therapy for stenosis in a branch of the anterior descending coronary artery. Unfortunately, the patient developed CIE, which initially manifested as visual disturbances and subsequently progressed to gastrointestinal and limb movement issues, as well as an altered mental status, all of which occurred within a 24-hour period during hospitalization. Diagnoses: The patient was diagnosed with CIE after cerebral hemorrhage, and cerebral edema was ruled out based on the history of contrast medium administration and radiographic exams. Interventions and outcomes: Dexamethasone (10 mg/d), mannitol (100 mL/d), betahistine (500 mL), trazodone (25 mg), and hydration supplementation were given to treat CIE-related symptoms. Aspirin and clopidogrel were administered for the management of the cardiovascular ailment. The neurologist prescribed neurotrophic agents, namely, cytarabine and methylcobalamin, based on the cerebral magnetic resonance imaging findings. Despite the treatment, the patient’s ocular symptoms, including blurry vision, diplopia, and impaired intraocular retraction, persisted. Furthermore, the patient’s mental state was altered, and she continued to exhibit a depressive state during her 1-month follow-up visit. Lessons: CIE is a comparatively infrequent ailment, and its prompt identification and management are of paramount importance. Although the treatments for CIE are primarily symptomatic, it is crucial to acknowledge that the symptoms may not always subside quickly within a short duration. In conjunction with pharmacotherapy, counseling should be offered to address patients’ mental health.
A narrative review on the diagnosis and management of constipation in infants

ABSTRACT Introduction Functional constipation is one of the common disorders of gut–brain interaction in infancy, and decreases the quality of life of infants and parents. Areas covered Relevant articles up to November 2022 were reviewed. We searched in PubMed, Google Scholar, and MEDLINE for guidelines, position papers, reviews, and randomized controlled trials on infant constipation. Expert opinion Randomized controlled trials in this specific age group are mostly limited to trials with infant formula. The prevalence of infant constipation in formula-fed infants is decreasing, and can be associated with adaptations in formula composition. While the supplementation of infant formula with pro-, pre- and/or synbiotics decreases the prevalence of constipation, their efficacy in constipated infants is disappointing. There is limited evidence to support the addition of magnesium to infant formula to treat constipation. The evidence for the efficacy and safety of polyethylene glycol in children < 2 years has expanded over the past years. The administration of lactulose or polyethylene glycol is the preferred medical management, in case nutritional management does result in insufficient improvement.
In situ study of Li-ions diffusion and deformation in Li-rich cathode materials by using scanning probe microscopy techniques

In this paper, the scanning probe microscopy (SPM) based techniques, namely, conductive-AFM, electrochemical strain microscopy (ESM) and AM–FM (amplitude modulation–frequency modulation) techniques, are used to in situ characterize the changes in topography, conductivity and elastic properties of Li-rich layered oxide cathode (Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2) materials, in the form of nanoparticles, when subject to the external electric field. Nanoparticles are the basic building blocks for composite cathode in a Li-ion rechargeable battery. Characterization of the structure and electrochemical properties of the nanoparticles is very important to understand the performance and reliability of the battery materials and devices. In this study, the conductivity, deformation and mechanical properties of the Li-rich oxide nanoparticles under different polarities of biases are studied using the above-mentioned SPM techniques. This information can be correlated with the Li+-ion diffusion and migration in the particles under external electrical field. The results also confirm that the SPM techniques are ideal tools to study the changes in various properties of electrode materials at nano- to micro-scales during or after the ‘simulated’ battery operation conditions. These techniques can also be used to in situ characterize the electrochemical performances of other energy storage materials, especially in the form of the nanoparticles.
Myofascial and discogenic origins of lumbar pain: A critical review

ABSTRACT The purpose of this three-part narrative review is to examine the anatomy of, and the research which supports, either the lumbar myofascia or intervertebral disc (IVD) as principal sources of our patient’s low back pain. A comprehensive understanding of anatomical lumbar pain generators in combination with the current treatment-based classification system will further improve and enhance clinical decision-making skills. Section I reviews the anatomy of the spinal myofascia, myofascial sources of lumbar pain, and imaging of myofascial tissues. Part II reviews the anatomy of the IVD, examines the IVD as a potential lumbar pain generator, and includes detailed discussion on Nerve Growth Factor, Inflammatory Cytokines, Vertebral End Plates and Modic change, Annular tears, and Discogenic instability. Part III looks at the history of myofascial pain, lab-based research and myofascial pain, and various levels of discogenic pain provocation research including animal, laboratory and human subjects. Our review concludes with author recommendations on developing a comprehensive understanding of altered stress concentrations affecting the posterior annulus fibrosis, neo-innervation of the IVD, inflammatory cytokines, discogenic instability, and how this knowledge can complement use of the Treatment-Based Classification System.
Efficient Handling of Disequations in CLP Over Linear Rational Arithmetic

This paper considers the (efficient) handling of disequations for a CLP language over linear rational (resp. real) arithmetic (based on the simplex algorithm). It discusses both solved forms for the constraints and algorithms to transform systems of constraints into solved form. The starting point of the paper is a syntactic solved form for equations and disequations which precludes the presence of fixed variables (or hidden constants). Several subclasses of constraints that occur frequently and can be handled more efficiently are then identified. This leads to the definition of an improved solved form that reduces the computational burden imposed on the constraint-solving algorithm. An incremental algorithm to obtain the improved solved form is then proposed. Its main feature is to exploit the possibility of lazy dereferencing offered by the improved solved form while still detecting all fixed variables. Two important refinments of the algorithm are then described, formally justified, and included in the algorithm. The first improvement avoids checking disequations altogether for an important class of constraints, while the second improvement allows a more active use of disequations, achieving an early detection of failures and precluding unnecessary calls to the simplex algorithm.
A converse theorem and the Saito-Kurokawa lift

The study of liftings is of considerable importance in the theory of automorphic forms. A particular lifting of interest is that of Saito-Kurokawa. This is a correspondence between classical modular forms and a subspace, Maass’s spezialschar of Siegel modular forms of degree 2. In a series of papers by Maass, Andrianov, and Zagier (see [EZ]), this correspondence has been shown to be the composition of three isomorphisms involving intermediately Kohnen’s space and a space of Jacobi forms. The technique of theta liftings has also been successfully applied to this correspondence (see [Koj]), and it has been treated more generally from the point of view of automorphic representations in [PS]. Early examples of liftings, such as those of Doi and Naganuma [DN] and Shimura [S], were first proved using converse theorems. In this paper, we give another proof of the lifting from Kohnen’s space to Maass’s space in the spirit of Doi and Naganuma by using a converse theorem, thus bypassing the use of Jacobi modular forms. This converse theorem, due to Imai, calls for proving functional equations for certain Dirichlet series with GL(2) twists which, for lifts, reduce to Rankin-Selberg convolutions. This reduction is nontrivial and requires the identification of a sum over Heegner points of a weight-zero Maass form as Fourier coefficients of a form of weight 1/2. Such an identification was first observed in a cocompact situation by Maass [M] and was later exploited in [D] to prove equidistribution results for the Heegner points and cycles. An important refinement (and a self-contained proof) of Maass’s formula for the modular group was recently given by Katok and Sarnak [KS]. In the case of Eisenstein series, this identification is achieved by combining formulas of Goldfeld and Hoffstein [GH] and a classical result of Dirichlet.
Fungal mechanisms of intracellular survival: what can we learn from bacterial pathogens?

ABSTRACT Fungal infections represent a major, albeit neglected, public health threat with serious medical and economic burdens globally. With unacceptably high mortality rates, invasive fungal pathogens are responsible for millions of deaths each year, with a steadily increasing incidence primarily in immunocompromised individuals. The poor therapeutic options and rise of antifungal drug resistance pose further challenges in controlling these infections. These fungal pathogens have adapted to survive within mammalian hosts and can establish intracellular niches to promote survival within host immune cells. To do that, they have developed diverse methods to circumvent the innate immune system attack. This includes strategies such as altering their morphology, counteracting macrophage antimicrobial action, and metabolic adaptation. This is reminiscent of how bacterial pathogens have adapted to survive within host cells and cause disease. However, relative to the great deal of information available concerning intracellular bacterial pathogenesis, less is known about the mechanisms fungal pathogens employ. Therefore, here we review our current knowledge and recent advances in our understanding of how fungi can evade and persist within host immune cells. This review will focus on the major fungal pathogens, including Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus fumigatus, among others. As we discover and understand the strategies used by these fungi, similarities with their bacterial counterparts are becoming apparent, hence we can use the abundant information from bacteria to guide our studies in fungi. By understanding these strategies, new lines of research will open that can improve the treatments of these devastating fungal diseases.
An acceleration method for influence blocking maximization via martingale

The spread of rumors in social networks can do great harm to the society, so it is significant to limit the propagation of misinformation. One solution to block rumor is to broadcast the anti-rumor information. How to select users of social networks to spread information against rumor can be abstracted as the problem of influence blocking maximization (IBM). The problem can be described as choosing k nodes from a social graph to minimize the number of nodes that adopt rumor at the end of the spread process. The state-of-the-art IBM algorithm IBMM has a ( 1 - 1/e - ε)-approximation guarantee. However, we noticed that the algorithm could cause unnecessary cost of calculation. Therefore, we modify IBMM and propose the IBM-N algorithm. And the results of a series of experiments conducted on both synthetic and real world data sets demonstrate the performance efficiency of our algorithm.
Nonlocal Cahn-Hilliard and Isoperimetric Problems: Periodic Phase Separation Induced by Competing Long- and Short-range Interactions

The modeling of pattern morphologies via energy minimization involving long and shortrange competitions is well-established and ubiquitous in science (cf. [47, 23, 33] and the references therein). It also provides mathematicians with a wealth of rich variational problems consisting of both local (associated with short-range interactions) and nonlocal (associated with long-range interactions) terms (see for example [29] and the references therein). Here we are concerned with two nonlocal variational problems which describe the simplest morphology class within this general setting, that of periodic phase separation. Many physical systems exhibit a phase separation which, according to experiments, can be roughly described as follows:
Convergence analysis for expanded mixed finite element method and corresponding nine point cell-centered finite difference method for compressible miscible displacement in heterogeneous porous media I

In this paper, based on the Extended Mixed Finite Element Method (EMFEM), we discretize the pressure equation with full tensor permeability, which is often derived by applying upscaling technique to the huge geological grid model or in the heterogeneous porous medium case. We apply traditional Finite Element Method (FEM) to solve the concentration equation. We prove the optimal order convergence rate of the numerical solution of pressure p and concentration c in L2 - norm.
Dense pedestrian detection algorithm based on improved Yolov5-DCN

Paper investigates an enhanced approach on YOLOv5 method that solves the challenges posed by complex environmental backgrounds, intensive repeated target detection, and varying pedestrian sizes. In the backbone network, feature extraction mainly depends on the texture information and shape of the target. We use deformable convolutional network (DCN) to replace the traditional convolution. ;In Non-Maximum Suppression(NMS),The Generalized Intersection over Union(GIOU) used by original network is in place of through Distance Intersection over Union Loss(DIOU) solve problem of the densely populated repeated test.We use crowdhuman training data set to evaluate the effectiveness of the algorithm.We observed that the detection accuracy of the improved Yolov5-DCN model was 83.8%, which was 1.6% higher than that of the basic model. Moreover, it can effectively improve the accuracy of pedestrian target detection in dense scenes, especially for the detection of dense occluded targets, and the effect is significantly improved.
Automated fish detection and classification on sonar images using detection transformer and YOLOv7

In order to maintain a healthy ecosystem and fish stocks, it is necessary to monitor the abundance and frequency of fish species. In this article, we propose a fish detection and classification system. In the first step, the images were extracted from a public Ocqueoc River DIDSON high-resolution imaging sonar dataset and annotated. End-to-end object detection models, Detection Transformer with a ResNet-50 backbone (DETR-ResNet-50) and YOLOv7 were used to detect and classify fish species. With a mean average precision of 0.79, YOLOv7 outperformed DETR-ResNet-50. The results demonstrated that the proposed system can in fact be used to detect and classify fish species using high-resolution imaging sonar data.
Underwater SLAM based on object recognition using YOLO in acoustic images

This paper proposes underwater simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) with 3D reconstruction by applying YOLOv7 to acoustic images. In underwater exploration, acoustic cameras, which are called the next generation of ultrasonic sensors, are gradually being applied, and underwater SLAM technologies based on 3D reconstruction with acoustic cameras have been proposed. However, many limitations remain in the accuracy of maps. In this study, we propose a novel approach to improve SLAM accuracy by applying detection results from YOLOv7 in acoustic images to the 3D reconstruction. We utilized the detected objects by YOLOv7 as feature information applied to iterative closest point (ICP)-based SLAM.
Reducing the latency and size of a deep CNN model for surface defect detection in manufacturing

This paper presents the results of applying optimization techniques, most notably neural architecture search (NAS) and hyperparameter optimization (HPO) strategies, to a known state-of-the-art deep learning model for surface defect detection in industry. It will be shown that it is possible to achieve a significant reduction in model latency and its number of parameters, while incurring only a negligible drop in accuracy. The main motivation for this was deployment of surface defect detection models on edge devices with very limited computational capabilities, e.g. a Raspberry Pi. Such deployment requirements are becoming more and more ubiquitous, as it is very expensive to install and maintain many high-end machines in industrial environments.
A Mendelian randomisation, propensity score matching study to investigate causal association between serum homocysteine and intracranial aneurysm

Background and purpose Recent observational studies have reported that serum total homocysteine (tHcy) is associated with intracranial aneurysms (IAs). However, the causal effect of tHcy on IAs is unknown. We leveraged large-scale genetic association and real-world data to investigate the causal effect of tHcy on IA formation. Methods We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) using publicly available genome-wide association studies summary statistics to investigate the causal relationship between tHcy and IAs, following the recommendations of the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology-MR statement. Furthermore, a propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was conducted to evaluate the detailed effects of tHcy on risk of IA formation by utilizing real-world multicentre data, including 9902 patients with and without IAs (1:1 matched). Further interaction and subgroup analyses were performed to elucidate how tHcy affects risk of IA formation. Results MR analyses indicated that genetically determined tHcy was causally associated with IA risk (OR, 1.38, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.79; p=0.018). This is consistent with the more conservative weighted median analysis (OR, 1.41, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.93; p=0.039). Further sensitivity analyses showed no evidence of horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity of single nucleotide polymorphisms in causal inference. According to the PSM study, we found that, compared with low tHcy (≤15 µmol/L), moderate tHcy (>15–30 µmol/L) (OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.93 to 2.36) and high tHcy (>30 µmol/L) (OR 3.66, 95% CI 2.71 to 4.95) were associated with a higher IA risk (p trend <0.001). Subgroup analyses demonstrated significant ORs of tHcy in each subgroup when stratified by traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Furthermore, there was also a synergistic effect of tHcy and hypertension on IA risk (p interaction <0.001; the relative excess risk due to interaction=1.65, 95% CI 1.29 to 2.01). Conclusion Both large-scale genetic evidence and multicentre real-world data support a causal association between tHcy and risk of IA formation. Serum tHcy may serve as a biomarker to identify high-risk individuals who would particularly benefit from folate supplementation.
Impact of sex on spinal radiographic progression in axial spondyloarthritis: a longitudinal Swiss cohort analysis over a period of 10 years

Objective To investigate sex differences in spinal radiographic progression in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). Methods AxSpA patients in the Swiss Clinical Quality Management cohort with available spinal radiographs every 2 years were included. Paired radiographs were scored by two readers according to the modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spinal Score (mSASSS). Progression was defined as an increase of ≥2 mSASSS units in 2 years. The relationship between sex and progression was investigated with binomial generalised estimating equation models, considering baseline spinal damage as an intermediate covariate. Additional analyses included adjustments for explanatory variables and multiple imputations for missingness. Results In a total of 505 axSpA patients (317 men and 188 women), mean±SD radiographic progression over 2 years was 1.0±2.8 years in men and 0.3±1.1 years in women (p<0.001). Male sex was associated with enhanced progression in a small model not including baseline damage (OR 3.41, 95% CI 1.87 to 6.21). Both a direct effect of male sex on spinal progression, and an indirect effect, via enhancement of baseline spinal damage were significant (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.15 to 3.67 and OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.07, respectively). A significant impact of male sex on spinal radiographic progression was still demonstrated after multiple adjustments for covariates known to potentially affect spinal radiographic progression (OR 1.97, 95% CI 1.04 to 3.71). Conclusions Spinal radiographic progression in axSpA is more severe in men than in women, with three times higher odds of progression in male patients and an effect that is mediated in part through an increase in baseline radiographic damage.