Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ALMA Observations of N83C in the Early Stage of Star Formation in the Small Magellanic Cloud

We have performed Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations in the 12CO( ), 13CO( ), C18O( ), 12CO( ), 13CO( ), and CS( ) lines toward the active star-forming region N83C in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), whose metallicity is about one-fifth of the Milky Way (MW). The ALMA observations first reveal subparsec-scale molecular structures in 12CO( ) and 13CO( ) emissions. We found strong CO peaks associated with young stellar objects (YSOs) identified by the Spitzer Space Telescope, and we also found that overall molecular gas is distributed along the edge of the neighboring ii region. We derived a gas density of cm−3 in molecular clouds associated with YSOs based on the virial mass estimated from the 12CO( ) emission. This high gas density is presumably due to the effect of the ii region under the low-metallicity (and accordingly small-dust content) environment in the SMC; far-UV radiation from the ii region can easily penetrate and photodissociate the outer layer of 12CO molecules in the molecular clouds, and thus only the innermost parts of the molecular clouds are observed even in 12CO emission. We obtained the CO-to-H2 conversion factor of cm−2 (K km s−1)−1 in N83C based on virial masses and CO luminosities, and it is four times larger than that in the MW, 2 cm−2 (K km s−1)−1. We also discuss the difference in the nature between two high-mass YSOs, each of which is associated with a molecular clump with a mass of about a few .
All Dielectric Biaxial Metamaterial: A New Route to Lossless Dyakonov Waves with Higher Angular Existence Domain

In this article, we propose and numerically analyze an all dielectric biaxial metamaterial [ADBM] constructed by multilayer pattering of a sub-wavelength ridge array of Silicon and a flat SiO2 layer. The proposed ADBM can support Dyakonov Surface Waves [DSWs] with infinite propagation length which can propagate in a wide angular domain. Though natural uniaxial and biaxial materials and also nanowire all dielectric metamaterials can also support DSWs, the angular existence domain [AED] is limited to a very narrow range. Our proposed ADBM can support can overcome this limitation and it can achieve higher AED than any all dielectric structures reported in literature till date. Our proposed ADBM can be easily fabricated by the current fabrication technology. Due to its lossless nature, it may find substantial applications in optical sensing, optical interconnects, wave-guiding, solar energy harvesting etc.
Leveraging the Potential of SME Capital Markets: Evidence from Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Jammu Region, India

The paper intends to explore the potential for developing Small and Medium-sized Enterprise (SME) capital markets in India by analyzing the business conditions of SMEs, the priority, reasons, necessary actions and critical factors needed for developing capital markets for SMEs, and to offer strategies for development of new SME capital market. Besides, the status of the SME capital market in India has also been analyzed. The study has been restricted to 114 non-financial firms consisting of 43 SMEs engaged in manufacturing activities and limited to five selected major industrial areas surrounding suburbs of Jammu city. The study covered 71 SMEs engaged in service activities and confined to hotel and restaurant, computer and electronics, offset printing, pharmaceutical distribution, wine trade, motor parts, gold jewelry, and wholesale general merchant in the commercial areas of Jammu city in Jammu and Kashmir. The study has used a life cycle approach to analyze the sources of finance in different stages of the SME. A simple descriptive technique has been used to analyze the data. The study reveals that there are various challenges to establish direct growth capital financing for SMEs. Looking at numerous viewpoints on the development of SME capital market, a specialized market infrastructure of non -exchange foundation equity market for SMEs can be developed. The establishment of a separate foundation equity market for SMEs from exchange market can be advantageous. There is a need to develop a preliminary market for growing SMEs. This should ultimately integrate into the regular SME stock exchange market. A preliminary market is expected to endow SMEs with a chance to understand clearly SME capital market rules and responsibilities linked to disclosures before integrating into the organized capital market. It will imbibe the corporate culture through knowledge regarding the significance of enhanced corporate value for the growth and development of firms. The foundation market should evolve into a robust system for carrying SMEs in equity finance from various dimensions. These dimensions can be the promotion of the venture capital market to provide initial risk capital for SMEs, the development of a strong base of capital market professionals to train and goad the SME disclosure process through a network of certified public accountants, and the development of a blueprint for government policy support measures including tax incentives for SME issuers and investors.
Occlusion of Both Vertebral Arteries With Development of Collateral Circulation From the Deep Cervical Artery After Cervical Spine Trauma

Careful evaluation of vertebral artery injuries is important after cervical translation injuries or transverse foramen fractures. Treatment of trauma can be complicated in cases of concomitant vertebral artery injuries. A 76-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with left hemiparesis (Motor grade 3) after a motorcycle accident. Cervical spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) revealed a C3 burst fracture and a left C3 lateral mass and lamina fracture. CT angiography revealed fracture fragments that predisposed the vertebral artery to injury throughout its course in the area. CT angiography confirmed that both vertebral arteries were occluded at the C3 fracture site. Subsequent brain MRI revealed acute infarction in the right occipital area. Although both vertebral arteries were occluded, the infarction site did not correspond to the territory supplied by these vessels; therefore, we performed transfemoral cerebral angiography, which revealed collateralization of the bilateral vertebral arteries by the deep cervical artery. The deep cervical arteries are located between the posterior muscles; therefore, a fixation operation performed using the posterior approach may have affected the collateral circulation and led to exacerbation of the infarction site. Therefore, surgery was performed using an anterior approach and it was possible to minimize the risk of cerebral infarction through preservation of collateral circulation.
Strategy for Fast Decision on Material System Suitability for Continuous Crystallization Inside a Slug Flow Crystallizer

There is an increasing focus on two-phase flow in micro- or mini-structured apparatuses for various manufacturing and measurement instrumentation applications, including the field of crystallization as a separation technique. The slug flow pattern offers salient features for producing high-quality products, since narrow residence time distribution of liquid and solid phases, intensified mixing and heat exchange, and an enhanced particle suspension are achieved despite laminar flow conditions. Due to its unique features, the slug flow crystallizer (SFC) represents a promising concept for small-scale continuous crystallization achieving high-quality active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). Therefore, a time-efficient strategy is presented in this study to enable crystallization of a desired solid product in the SFC as quickly as possible and without much experimental effort. This strategy includes pre-selection of the solvent/solvent mixture using heuristics, verifying the slug flow stability in the apparatus by considering the static contact angle and dynamic flow behavior, and modeling the temperature-dependent solubility in the supposed material system using perturbed-chain statistical associating fluid theory (PC-SAFT). This strategy was successfully verified for the amino acids l-alanine and l-arginine and the API paracetamol for binary and ternary systems and, thus, represents a general approach for using different material systems in the SFC.
The ACS Virgo Cluster Survey. XI. The Nature of Diffuse Star Clusters in Early-Type Galaxies

We use HST ACS imaging of 100 early-type galaxies in the ACS Virgo Cluster Survey to investigate the nature of diffuse star clusters (DSCs). Compared to globular clusters (GCs), these star clusters have low luminosities (MV > -8) and a broad distribution of sizes (3 < rh < 30 pc), but they are principally characterized by their low mean surface brightnesses, which can be more than 3 mag fainter than a typical GC (μg > 20 mag arcsec-2). The median colors of diffuse star cluster systems (1.1 < g - z < 1.6) are redder than metal-rich GCs and often as red as the galaxy itself. Most DSC systems thus have mean ages older than 5 Gyr or else have supersolar metallicities, implying that diffuse star clusters are likely to be long-lived. Twelve galaxies in our sample contain a significant excess of diffuse star cluster candidates; nine are morphologically classified as lenticulars (S0s), and five visibly contain dust. We also find DSCs in the halo of the giant elliptical M49, near the companion galaxy VCC 1199. Most DSC systems appear spatially associated with galactic disks, but substantial DSC populations are not present in all lenticular galaxies, and environment is not a good predictor of their existence. Diffuse star clusters are similar to and include the locus of "faint fuzzies" identified in other nearby galaxies. Unlike luminous GCs, whose sizes are constant with luminosity, DSCs are bounded at the bright end by an envelope of nearly constant surface brightness. We suggest that populations of diffuse star clusters preferentially form, survive, and coevolve with galactic disks. Their properties are broadly consistent with those of merged star cluster complexes, and we note that despite being 3-5 mag brighter than DSCs, ultracompact dwarfs have similar surface brightnesses. The closest Galactic analogs to the DSCs are the old open clusters, and if a diffuse star cluster population did exist in the disk of the Milky Way, it would be very difficult to find.
Performance Analytics Role in Operations Strategy

Within the data science and artificial intelligence fields of study, performance analytics have supported performance improvements in a variety of different settings, including medicine, manufacturing, law and even sport environments. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how diagnostic and predictive analytics have been used as a tool to enhance assertiveness on strategic decisions, providing competitive advantages in the wide field of operations management. This exploratory research analyzes the content of a bibliographic port-folio composition built by the application of a systematic literature review performed by PRISMA approach, which resulted in 48 articles. The results revealed an analysis of the methods and contributions have been achieved considered Slack performance dimensions of cost, speed, quality, flexibility, dependability and human resources. Findings consisted of a consistent summarized analysis of how diagnostic and predictive approaches have strengthened cost prediction projects, supply chain risk mitigation, quality detection improvements, predictive maintenance, after-sales service level and employee satisfaction and individual performance predictions in applications published in high quality papers, appreciated by the scientific community. The main contribution of this paper is the reinforcement of the role of performance analytics for operations strategy.
The Light and Dark Sides of Student Engagement: Profiles and Their Association with Perceived Autonomy Support

School engagement has assumed an important place in current developmental psychology and educational research due to its potential to address students’ low achievement, high dropout rates, and misbehavior. Although much has been written about the antecedents and outcomes of student engagement, literature on how students’ level of engagement differs in response to different teaching styles was missing on a large scale. Understanding the patterns and risks linked with student engagement provides opportunities for targeted intervention. This study explored primary school students’ engagement and burnout profiles and how different profiles interacted with perceived classroom teaching styles (i.e., autonomy-supportive & autonomy suppressive). Latent profile analysis resulted in four student engagement subgroups: moderately engaged, engaged, moderately burned out, and burned out. Students clustered into engagement groups were likely to report higher autonomy support from teachers. In contrast, burned-out groups were more likely to rate teachers’ teaching styles as suppressive (i.e., autonomy suppressive). Collectively, the study indicated that autonomy-supportive teaching behaviors are pivotal in understanding student engagement and school burnout. Thus, tailored teacher-focused intervention programs that enhance teachers’ awareness of autonomy-supportive teaching is important. The significance of the findings with the demand-resource model (in the education context) was discussed.
Spitzer IRAC Imaging of the Relativistic Jet from Superluminal Quasar PKS 0637–752

Emission from the relativistic jet located hundreds of kiloparsecs from the core of the superluminal quasar PKS 0637-752 was detected at 3.6 and 5.8 μm with the Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) on the Spitzer Space Telescope. The unprecedented sensitivity and arcsecond resolution of IRAC allows us to explore the mid-infrared emission from kiloparsec-scale quasar jets for the first time. The mid-infrared flux from the jet knots, when combined with radio and optical fluxes, confirms the synchrotron origin of the radio-to-optical emission and constrains very well the high-energy end of the nonthermal electron distribution. Assuming that the X-rays are produced in the relativistically moving knots via inverse Compton scattering of cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation, the infrared observation puts constraints on the matter content of the large-scale quasar jet. Specifically, pure e+e- pair jet models are unfavorable based on the lack of an infrared bump associated with the "bulk Comptonization" of CMB photons by an ultrarelativistic jet.
Experimental realization of BCS-BEC crossover physics with a Fermi gas of atoms

This thesis presents experiments probing physics in the crossover between BoseEinstein condensation (BEC) and BCS superconductivity using an ultracold gas of atomic fermions. Scattering resonances in these ultracold gases (known as Feshbach resonances) provide the unique ability to tune the fermion-fermion interactions. The work presented here pioneered the use of fermionic Feshbach resonances as a highly controllable and tunable system ideal for studying the BCS-BEC crossover problem. Here pairs of fermionic atoms have some properties of diatomic molecules and some properties of Cooper pairs. I present studies of a normal Fermi gas at a Feshbach resonance and the work required to cool the gas to temperatures where superfluidity in the crossover could be observed. These studies culminated in our observation of a phase transition at the cusp of the BCS-BEC crossover through condensation of fermionic atom pairs. I also discuss subsequent work that confirmed the crossover nature of the pairs in these condensates.
Structuring and support by Alfvén waves around prestellar cores

Observations of molecular clouds show the existence of starless, dense cores, threaded by magnetic fields. Observed line widths indicate these dense condensates to be embedded in a supersonically turbulent environment. Under these conditions, the generation of magnetic waves is inevitable. In this paper, we study the structure and support of a 1D plane-parallel, self-gravitating slab, as a monochromatic, circularly polarized Alfven wave is injected in its central plane. Dimensional analysis shows that the solution must depend on three dimensionless parameters. To study the nonlinear, turbulent evolution of such a slab, we use 1D high resolution numerical simulations. For a parameter range inspired by molecular cloud observations, we find the following. 1) A single source of energy injection is sufficient to force persistent supersonic turbulence over several hydrostatic scale heights. 2) The time averaged spatial extension of the slab is comparable to the extension of the stationary, analytical WKB solution. Deviations, as well as the density substructure of the slab, depend on the wave-length of the injected wave. 3) Energy losses are dominated by loss of Poynting-flux and increase with increasing plasma beta. 4) Good spatial resolution is mandatory, making similar simulations in 3D currently prohibitively expensive.
High-Quality Fiber Bragg Gratings Inscribed by Femtosecond Laser Point-by-Point Technology

We experimentally studied the inscription of fiber Bragg gratings by using femtosecond (fs) laser point-by-point (PbP) technology. The effects of the focusing geometry, grating order, laser energy and grating length on the spectral characteristics of the PbP FBG were investigated. After optimizing these parameters, a high-quality first-order PbP FBG with a reflectivity > 99.9% (i.e., Bragg resonance attenuation of 37.7 dB) and insertion loss (IL) of 0.03 dB was successfully created. Moreover, taking advantage of the excellent flexibility of the fs laser PbP technology, high-quality FBGs with various Bragg wavelengths ranging from 856 to 1902.6 nm were inscribed. Furthermore, wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) FBG arrays consisting of 10 FBGs were rapidly constructed. Additionally, a Fabry-Perot cavity was realized by using two high-quality FBGs, and its birefringence could be reduced from 3.04 × 10−5 to 1.77 × 10−6 by using a slit beam shaping-assisted femtosecond laser PbP technology. Therefore, such high-quality FBGs are promising to improve the performance of optical fiber sensors, lasers and communication devices.
Phytochemical Composition and In Vitro Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Anticancer, and Enzyme-Inhibitory Activities of Artemisia nilagirica (C.B. Clarke) Pamp

Plants have been employed in therapeutic applications against various infectious and chronic diseases from ancient times. Various traditional medicines and folk systems have utilized numerous plants and plant products, which act as sources of drug candidates for modern medicine. Artemisia is a genus of the Asteraceae family with more than 500 species; however, many of these species are less explored for their biological efficacy, and several others are lacking scientific explanations for their uses. Artemisia nilagirica is a plant that is widely found in the Western Ghats, Kerala, India and is a prominent member of the genus. In the current study, the phytochemical composition and the antioxidant, enzyme-inhibitory, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities were examined. The results indicated that the ethanol extract of A. nilagirica indicated in vitro DPPH scavenging (23.12 ± 1.28 µg/mL), ABTS scavenging (27.44 ± 1.88 µg/mL), H2O2 scavenging (12.92 ± 1.05 µg/mL), and FRAP (5.42 ± 0.19 µg/mL). The anti-inflammatory effect was also noticed in the Raw 264.7 macrophages, where pretreatment with the extract reduced the LPS-stimulated production of cytokines (p < 0.05). A. nilagirica was also efficient in inhibiting the activities of α-amylase (38.42 ± 2.71 µg/mL), α-glucosidase (55.31 ± 2.16 µg/mL), aldose reductase (17.42 ± 0.87 µg/mL), and sorbitol dehydrogenase (29.57 ± 1.46 µg/mL). It also induced significant inhibition of proliferation in breast (MCF7 IC50 = 41.79 ± 1.07, MDAMB231 IC50 = 55.37 ± 2.11µg/mL) and colon (49.57 ± 1.46 µg/mL) cancer cells. The results of the phytochemical screening indicated a higher level of polyphenols and flavonoids in the extract and the LCMS analysis revealed the presence of various bioactive constituents including artemisinin.
Experimental study of natural and forced instabilities and transition of a rotating-disk boundary-layer flow

This dissertation concerns experimental work on the instability and transition of the rotating-disk boundary-layer flow. In the case of the natural flow (i.e. without forcing), measurements of mean-flow profiles, frequency spectra and phase-locked averages of the velocity time series allow us to distinguish different flow regimes as a function of nondimensional distance, R, from the disk axis. As R increases, the mean-velocity profiles initially follow the von Karman solution. At higher R, departures arise and increase with R. These departures are due to the spatial growth of boundary-layer instability modes (cross-flow vortices), whose radial growth rates are found to match linear-theory predictions. The flow becomes transitional at R ≈ 530 and fully turbulent by R ≈ 600. The profiles in the fully turbulent region follow the log law of turbulent boundary layers and the velocity spectra exhibit Kolmogorov-type power laws. To study the response to forcing, an experimental apparatus has been designed which allows the excitation of stationary (in thelaboratory frame of reference) disturbances or disturbances which rotate with a frequency which can be varied independently of the disk rotation rate. The flow response to both types of forcing and two forcing-element geometries was studied. Stationary forcing produces a wake which decays with distance from the element, in agreement with theory. Forcing due to rotating elements can generate growing wavepacket-like disturbances, which although nonlinear, follow trajectories close to linear-theory predictions.
A Review on Recent Arabic Information Retrieval Techniques

Information retrieval is an important field that aims to provide a relevant document to a user information need, expressed through a query. Arabic is a challenging language that gained much attention recently in the information retrieval domain. To overcome the problems related to its complexity, many studies and techniques have been presented, most of them were conducted to solve the stemming problem. This paper presents an overview of the Arabic information retrieval process, including various text processing techniques, ranking approaches, evaluation measures, and some important information retrieval models. The paper finally presents some recent related studies and approaches in different Arabic information retrieval fields.