Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Collaboration between UAVs and UGVs for weed classification and detection

This paper presents an approach towards the autonomous collaboration between unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) for weed classification and detection. The paper outlines the development of an infrastructure for continued work towards a sustainable solution. RGB and multispectral data of a strawberry crop field infested with weeds were collected from UAVs. Fully convolutional neural network (U-Net v2) was employed in an effort to create a real-time capable onsite segmentation engine. Using a combination of images collected from UAVs and highly accurate location information, target species were identified and isolated to efficiently generate a large dataset of images, which were then used to train a robust and state-of- the-art classifier. A highly sanitized dataset was used to effectively extract and augment a large amount of data without the need for manually labeling or outsourcing. The trained bounding box classifier were hosted onsite for real-time inferencing capabilities. In the proposed solution, a UAV surveys the areas of interest and transmits the images to the computing unit to detect and determine the presence of invasive weeds using the trained classifier. Positively identified locations by the UAV is stored for further investigation by the UGV. The UGV is equipped with high a precision IMU/GPS for the autonomous routing to the target location. After arriving at the target location, the UGV utilizes the onboard camera to confirm the presence of the invasive weed species. The UGV is equipped with a highly maneuverable robotic manipulator.
Some mutual information inequalities

In an IC tester of the type in which ICs to be tested are heated by a planar heater plate 50 prior to being tested, a plate-like shutter 70 having windows 71 formed therethrough to expose IC receiving recesses 51 formed in the heater plate 50 is disposed movably over the top face of the heater plate. The arrangement is such that the shutter 70 is shifted by a linear drive source 74 between a position in which the shutter closes the top of the IC receiving recesses 51 and a position in which the shutter exposes the recesses. A controller is provided for actuating the drive source to move the shutter so as to open the IC receiving recesses, whenever a Z-axis drive unit 60 enters into either the operation of dropping off an IC grasped thereby into one of the IC receiving recesses or the operation of picking up an IC from one of the IC receiving recesses.
Local well posedness for KdV with data in a subspace of $H^{-1}$ and applications to illposedness theory for KdV and mKdV

We prove the local well posedness for the KdV equation in the modulation space $M^{-1}_{2,1}(\mathbb{R})$. Our method is to substitute the dyadic decomposition by the uniform decomposition in the discrete Bourgain space. This wellposedness result enables us to show that the solution map is discontinuous at the origin with respect to the $H^{s} $-topology as soon as $s<-1$. Making use of the Miura transform we also deduce a discontinuity result for the $ H^s(\Real) $-topology, $s<0 $, for the solution map associated with the focussing and defocussing mKdV equations.
Implementation and Evaluation of a Mobile Retinal Image Acquisition System for Screening Diabetic Retinopathy: Study Protocol

Screening diabetic retinopathy, a major cause of blindness, is time-consuming for ophthalmologists and has some constrains in achieving full coverage and attendance. The handheld fundus camera EyeFundusScope was recently developed to expand the scale of screening, drawing on images acquired in primary care and telescreening made by ophthalmologists or a computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) system. This study aims to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the interpretation of images captured using EyeFundusScope and perform its technical evaluation, including image quality, functionality, usability, and acceptance in a real-world clinical setting. Physicians and nurses without training in ophthalmology will use EyeFundusScope to take pictures of the retinas of patients with diabetes and the images will be classified for the presence or absence of diabetic retinopathy and image quality by a panel of ophthalmologists. A subgroup of patients will also be examined with the reference standard tabletop fundus camera. Screening results provided by the CADx system on images taken with EyeFundusScope will be compared against the ophthalmologists’ analysis of images taken with the tabletop fundus camera. Diagnostic accuracy measures with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) will be calculated for positive and negative test results. Proportion of each category of image quality will be presented. Usability and acceptance results will be presented qualitatively.
Heat kernel estimates for the fractional Laplacian with Dirichlet conditions

We give sharp estimates for the heat kernel of the fractional Laplacian with Dirichlet condition for a general class of domains including Lipschitz domains. AMS 2000 subject classifications: Primary 60J35, 60J50; secondary 60J75, 31B25. Keywords and phrases: fractional Laplacian, Dirichlet problem, heat kernel estimate, Lipschitz domain, boundary Harnack principle.
Preferential catabolism of L- vs D-serine by Proteus mirabilis contributes to pathogenesis and catheter-associated urinary tract infection

Proteus mirabilis is a common cause of urinary tract infection, especially in catheterized individuals. Amino acids are the predominant nutrient for bacteria during growth in urine, and our prior studies identified several amino acid import and catabolism genes as fitness factors for P. mirabilis catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI), particularly D- and L-serine. In this study, we sought to determine the hierarchy of amino acid utilization by P. mirabilis and to examine the relative importance of D- vs L-serine catabolism for critical steps in CAUTI development and progression. Herein, we show that P. mirabilis preferentially catabolizes L-serine during growth in human urine, followed by D-serine, threonine, tyrosine, glutamine, tryptophan, and phenylalanine. Independently disrupting catabolism of either D- or L-serine has minimal impact on in vitro phenotypes while completely disrupting both pathways decreases motility, biofilm formation, and fitness due to perturbation of membrane potential and cell wall biosynthesis. In a mouse model of CAUTI, loss of either serine catabolism system decreased fitness, but disrupting L-serine catabolism caused a greater fitness defect than disrupting D-serine catabolism. We therefore conclude that hierarchical utilization of amino acids may be a critical component of P. mirabilis colonization and pathogenesis within the urinary tract. Abbreviated Summary Amino acids are a predominant nutrient in urine, and their import and catabolism has been hypothesized to contribute to the ability of bacteria to cause urinary tract infection. We demonstrate that a common uropathogen, Proteus mirabilis, preferentially catabolizes L-serine followed by D-serine, threonine, tyrosine, and glutamine during growth in human urine. We further demonstrate that L-serine catabolism provides a greater fitness advantage than D-serine catabolism, yet both pathways contribute to pathogenesis in the urinary tract. Graphical Abstract (Created using BioRender.com)
A Study on the Inter face Design of Pr eschool Childr en Educational Cour se-war e Based on User Exper ience and TAM

The purpose of this study is to help preschool children in the interface design of educational game APP at the psychological level. The conceptual model is constructed through the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to explore the perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use when children are playing educational game APP. The empirical study was conducted in the form of questionnaires collected after children used game. The research subjects were 3-6 years old children, and the research tool was the <Baby Panda World> game app. Data collection under the guidance of their parents. The research shows that children educational game experience elements can effectively increase preschool children's psychological perception of educational games. Perceived ease of use also increases trust in educational games for children. The results were as follows: 1. Cronbach's Alpha and KMO were 0.969 and 0.955, and the P value was significant, which passed the reliability and validity test. 2. Through confirmatory factor analysis (Model fit index, Composite reliability, discriminant validity), we found that user experience is closely related to perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. 3. The path analysis of the relationship proves that perceived ease of use play a key role in trusting preschool children educational game APP.
Retail Investors’ Contrarian Behavior Around News, Attention, and the Momentum Effect

Using a large panel of U.S. brokerage accounts trades and positions, we show that a large fraction of retail investors trade as contrarians after large earnings surprises, especially for loser stocks, and that such contrarian trading contributes to post earnings announcement drift (PEAD) and price momentum. Indeed, when we double-sort by momentum portfolios and retail trading flows, PEAD and momentum are only present in the top two quintiles of retail trading intensity. Finer sorts confirm the results, as do sorts by firm size and institutional ownership level. We show that the investors in our sample are representative of the universe of U.S. retail traders, and that the magnitude of the phenomena we describe indicate a quantitively substantial role of retail investors in generating momentum. Alternative hypotheses, such as the disposition effect and stale limit orders, do not explain retail contrarian trading. Younger traders are more likely to be contrarian, and a firm’s dividend yield, leverage, size, book to market, and analyst coverage are associated with the fraction of contrarian trades they face around earnings announcements. Attentive investors are more likely to be contrarians. * Farallon Capital Management ** Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago  Harvard Business School, Finance Unit * We thank Terry Odean, seminar participants at Harvard Business School, the Swedish House of Finance, HKUST, the City University of Hong Kong, UBC Winter Finance Conference, the CEPR Household Finance Seminar Series, Georgetown Fintech Seminar Series, and the Boulder Summer Conference on Consumer Decision Making for helpful comments and suggestions. All the remaining errors are our own. Patrick Luo was previously at Harvard Business School and is a data scientist at Farallon Capital Management. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Federal Reserve System or Farallon Capital Management. The views expressed herein should not be considered investment advice and do not constitute or form part of any offer to issue or sell, or any solicitation of any offer to subscribe or purchase, shares, units, or other interest in any particular investments. Please send correspondence to cluoren@gmail.com, enrichetta.ravina@kellogg.northwestern. edu, mcsammon@gmail.com, and lviceira@hbs.edu.
COPD_A_350267 1311..1322

Purpose: To estimate the 5-year budget impact to Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) hospitals of domiciliary nasal high flow (NHF) therapy to patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who require long term oxygen therapy. Methods: Hospital admission counts along with length of stay were obtained from hospital records of 200 COPD patients enrolled in a 12-month randomized clinical trial of NHF in Denmark, both over a 12-month baseline and then in the study period while on randomized treatment (control or NHF). NZ costings from similar COPD patients were estimated using data from Middlemore Hospital, Auckland and were applied to the Danish trial. The budget impact of NHF was estimated over the predicted 5-year lifetime of the device when used by patients sequentially. Results: Fifty-five of 100 patients in the NHF group and 44 of 100 patients in the control group were admitted to hospital with a respiratory diagnosis during the baseline year. They had 108 admissions in the treatment group vs 89 in the control group, with 632 vs 438 days in hospital, and modeled annual costs of $9443 vs $6512 per patient, respectively. During the study period there were 38 vs 44 patients with 67 vs 80 admissions and 302 vs 526 days in hospital, at a modeled annual cost of $6961 vs $9565 per patient respectively. Taking into account capital expenditure and running costs, this resulted in cost savings of $5535 per patient-year (95% CI, -$36 to -$11,034). With 90% usage over the estimated five-year lifetime of the NHF device, amortized capital costs of $594 per year and annual running costs of $662, we estimate a 5-year undiscounted cost saving per NHF device of $18,626 ($16,934 when discounted to net present value at 5% per annum). There would still be annual cost savings over a wide range of assumptions. Conclusion: Domiciliary NHF therapy for patients with severe COPD has the potential to provide substantial hospital cost savings over the five-year lifetime of the NHF device.
The Last Challenge of Sustainable Development: Sustainable Happiness

Purpose: Focusing on what does “happiness” means in managerial studies, this paper aims at offering a holistic approach to the individual and collective well-being at the core of sustainable development. Even though the growing interest of psychology, economic and marketing, research on happiness is still in its infancy. To contribute to the advancement of knowledge on the topic, the paper points to better define and separate happiness from the common concept of well-being. Methodology: A qualitative analysis, based on an explorative case study, investigates the main elements that boost the pursuit of individual and collective happiness in a peculiar social context: an Italian prison community. Findings: The analysis highlights that the social context, in which individuals are embedded, affects their and the community they belong present and future sense of happiness. Thus, changings in the happiness of a specific community reflects back on the happiness status of the society which it belongs. Research limitations/implications: The main limitation of this paper lies in the analysis of a single case study, which do not let to generalise findings. However, the analysis offers some implications that might stimulate policy-makers in carrying out policies as people-oriented, open to public participation and pointing to a long-lasting individual and social happiness as possible; that is building a sustainable community. Originality/Value: The paper represents one of the first attempts to offer a holistic approach to well-being that goes beyond it and, embracing a circular logic, considers happiness at the same time the core of sustainable development and its ultimate goal.
A Comparison of Pre-Processing Techniques for Enhanced Identification of Paralichthys olivaceus Disease based on Deep Learning

In the past, fish diseases were bacterial in aqua farms, but in recent years, the frequency of fish diseases has increased as they have become viral and mixed. Viral diseases in an enclosed space called a aqua farm have a high spread rate, so it is very likely to lead to mass death. Fast identification of fish diseases is important to prevent group death. However, diagnosis of fish diseases requires a high level of expertise and it is difficult to visually check the condition of fish every time. In order to prevent the spread of the disease, an automatic identification system of diseases or fish is needed. In this paper, in order to improve the performance of the disease identification system of Paralichthys olivaceus based on deep learning, the existing pre-processing method is compared and tested. Target diseases were selected from three most frequent diseases such as Scutica, Vibrio
Domain Adaptation for Natural Language Generation Thesis Proposal

The performance of natural language generation (NLG) systems varies across domains. This work aims to develop NLG systems that can perform well in the domains with the lack of available training data. We base our work on recent advances in transfer learning, using large pretrained neural language models to facilitate domain adaptation of NLG systems. In the thesis proposal, we ﬁrst introduce the landscape of current approaches to NLG and the background for our work. Next, we report the results of our experiments, focusing on two challenges: (1) data-to-text generation with limited in-domain training data and (2) evaluating semantic accuracy of generated texts. Regarding future work, we outline our plans for improving the performance of neural NLG systems in more advanced scenarios by applying symbolic operations on an intermediate text plan.
A DNN-Based Personalized HRTF Estimation Method for 3D Immersive Audio

This paper proposes a new personalized HRTF estimation method which is based on a deep neural network (DNN) model and improved elevation reproduction using a notch filter. In the previous study, a DNN model was proposed that estimates the magnitude of HRTF by using anthropometric measurements [1]. However, since this method uses zero-phase without estimating the phase, it causes the internalization (i.e., the inside-the-head localization) of sound when listening the spatial sound. We devise a method to estimate both the magnitude and phase of HRTF based on the DNN model. Personalized HRIR was estimated using the anthropometric measurements including detailed data of the head, torso, shoulders and ears as inputs for the DNN model. After that, the estimated HRIR was filtered with an appropriate notch filter to improve elevation reproduction. In order to evaluate the performance, both of the objective and subjective evaluations are conducted. For the objective evaluation, the root mean square error (RMSE) and the log spectral distance (LSD) between the reference HRTF and the estimated HRTF are measured. For subjective evaluation, the MUSHRA test and preference test are conducted. As a result, the proposed method can make listeners experience more immersive audio than the previous methods.
ON /l/ VELARIZATION IN EUROPEAN PORTUGUESE

F2 and duration characteristics associated with onset and coda /l/ and its immediate phonetic environment, of speech material produced in the laboratory by European Portuguese (EP) speakers have been examined to bring some light into the empirical question whether lateral velarization has a categorical manifestation or not, in this language (Lisbon variety). The results are interpreted in terms of production, in accordance with a co-production model. The present findings have some implications with respect to the historical phonology of EP.
Capri: Compiler and Architecture Support for Whole-System Persistence

This paper investigates whole-system persistence (WSP) that ensures hassle-free crash consistency for all programs while simultaneously leveraging both advantages of the non-volatile memory technologies: high-density and in-memory persistence. Despite the promising characteristics, there are two challenges that must be addressed to make WSP a reality. First, programs must be able to resume the execution from where they had a failure. Second, failure recovery must be offered to any program including the OS in a transparent manner while minimizing persistence overheads. To this end, this paper presents Capri, a compiler and architecture co-designed scheme for region-level whole-system persistence. First, the Capri compiler partitions program into a series of regions whose boundaries serve as recovery points. Then, the Capri architecture provides the regions with crash consistency through hardware-based atomic updates. Finally, with the novel interplay between the architecture and the compiler, Capri provides failure atomicity on the cheap, i.e., with 0%, 12.4%, and 9.1% performance overheads for SPEC CPU2017, STAMP, and Splash3 benchmarks, respectively.
The Gender Wage Gap in the Reform Movement: An Updated United Data Narrative

the following article by Savannah Noray serves as an update to the work of the Reform Pay Equity Initiative (RPEI). this report builds on the information found in the Fall 2018 CCAR Journal: The Reform Jewish Quarterly symposium “Pay Equity Within the Reform Movement” and provides an update to Dr. Elyse Gould’s symposium article “the Gender Wage Gap in the Reform Movement: A United Data Narrative,” which documented the first aggregation of data concerning the gender-based wage gap in the Reform Movement.1 In its sixth year, the RPEI is a consolidated effort of the seventeen organizations of the Reform Movement to educate employees and employers about the wage gap, to collect data, and to promote the use of interventions such as posting salary ranges, counterbalancing implicit bias, and offering paid family and medical leave. the work of the Reform Pay Equity Initiative can be found at www. reformpayequity.org. the article below uses the data of the American Conference of Cantors (ACC), Association of Reform Jewish Educators (ARJE), Central Conference of American Rabbis (CCAR), Early Childhood Educators of Reform Judaism (ECE-RJ), and the National Association of temple Administration (NAtA). these are the five professional
The Effect of Earning Management, Growth Opportunity, and Capital Structure on Company Value with Audit Quality as Moderating Variable

: Purpose: This study examines the effect of earnings management, growth opportunity, and capital structure on firm value. Design/Methodology/Approach: Audit quality moderates the relationship between earnings management, growth opportunities, and capital structure with firm value, using more recent data and absolute difference test analysis methods. The type of research used by the researcher is quantitative research. Quantitative research is research that emphasizes more on testing theories by measuring research variables expressed by numbers and analyzing data using statistical procedures. The objects used are all manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in the 2015-2019 period. This study uses secondary data in the form of data from the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2015-2019. Findings: The results of this study found that earnings management actions taken will give a favorable reaction which will have an impact on increasing the value of the company, which is reflected in the company's stock price, so that when the objectives of the manager and the owner of capital are different, then the management will harm the owner of the capital, by behaving unethically and committing accounting fraud. Meanwhile, the growth opportunity variable as proxied by the market to book assets (MTBA) has a positive and significant effect on firm value. Practical implications: This study finds that audit quality does not moderate the effect of earnings management, growth opportunity, and capital structure on firm value. Big-4 KAP cannot limit earnings management practices that impact increasing the value of its client's company; besides, the companies audited by Big-4 KAP also do not affect changes in capital structure and company growth. Originality value: From the results of this study, recommendations that can be given to investors or shareholders are that investors should analyze the company's financial condition, for example, the accrual rate used to profit.