Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Project Description

The field of proteomics involves the study of the entire set of proteins in a biological sample. High throughput techniques have been developed [8, 10] which utilise protein separation via two dimensional polyacylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) [6] ,and protein identification using mass spectrometry. These techniques generate large datasets containing diverse types of data, for which standard formats do not currently exist. The types of data include: large images of two dimensional gels, the raw data from mass spectrometry, the results of analyses on the data and annotation. A format will be developed that can integrate these diverse data types into a formal structure enabling efficient data management and search facilities. XML (Extensible markup language) is an emerging standard for storing biological data in a structured format [4]. A preliminary study has been carried out to investigate the use of XML for storing experimental data from 2D-PAGE experiments [9]. The study concluded that XML would allow the semantics of the data to be maintained and would provide flexibility with regards to the types of data that can be stored. However, significant further research is required to develop a formal schema for describing proteomics experiments. Research has been undertaken in the related field of gene expression experiments using microarrays. A document type definition (DTD) was described, which defined the format of XML to store the protocol and results of a microarray experiment [1]. One of the initial aims of the project will be to develop a standard format for proteomics experiments, such as a DTD or XML Schema [2]. The schema must provide a structure that allows easy integration of the experimental data with other resources, such as pre-exisitng protein and genome databases. An interface will be developed allowing biological researchers to store and view the experimental results with dynamic links to external databases. The images produced from 2D-PAGE experiments must be securely archived, and integrated with the experimental data, ensuring that specific protein data is linked to the correct position on the image. Software exists for loading XML documents into a standard tree structure that allows the data at individual nodes to be accessed [3]. However, visualing and editing the data requires either: a user experienced in XML structure, or software
4.a Mapping Clinical Text to Umls Concepts 4.a.2 Extracting Diagnoses from Discharge Summaries 5.a Pilot System

Complete and accurate collection of clinical data in the course of health care is a long-standing goal that has not been achieved either by manual record-keeping or through electronic record systems. This proposed project addresses the problem from the beginning of the clinical process, by aiming to improve the capture of relevant medical facts during the face-to-face interaction between a patient and provider. Instead of relying on the provider's fallible memory to record facts after the visit, the proposed system will " listen " to the conversation, use automatic speech recognition to produce an (imperfect) record of what was said, and apply a variety of text analysis and extraction methods to create a draft record of the encounter. Further, it will provide an interface that should permit patients and providers to examine the facts that were recorded and to correct and complete them, also using speech as the primary interface. The projects aims are to develop and integrate the components needed to accomplish this goal, to create a testbed in collaboration with researchers at the environmental health clinic of a children's hospital in which experiments can guide system development and assess progress, and to conduct a series of evaluations that assess a series of objectives. First, the research will characterize the ability of the speech recognition, information extraction and information organization components to process the target conversations. Second, it will evaluate the hypothesis that this system can collect a more complete and accurate record than what is routinely collected. Subsequently, it will evaluate the time taken by clinicians to use the system, the extent to which the system is seen to disrupt the patient-provider encounter, the ability of patients to use the system to make additions and corrections to their records, and the subjective response of both patients and providers to use of the system. Success in this effort should lead to better clinical care that is based on more complete and accurate data. In addition, clinical data are also becoming an important resource in the conduct of translational medicine research, where improved data are obviously highly valuable. Project Narrative A well-organized, complete and accurate record of clinical encounters can form the bedrock of data on which both clinical care and clinical and biomedical research can rest. This project applies state of the art and novel technologies to " listen " to and interpret encounters between patients and health care …
An IL-2 mutein increases IL-10 and CTLA-4-dependent suppression of dendritic cells by regulatory T cells

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) variants with increased CD25 dependence that selectively expand Foxp3+ regulatory T (TR) cells are in clinical trials for treating inflammatory diseases. Using an Fc-fused IL-2 mutein (Fc.IL-2 mutein) we developed that prevents diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, we show that Fc.IL-2 mutein induced an activated TR population with elevated proliferation, a transcriptional program associated with Stat5- and TCR-dependent gene modules, and high IL-10 and CTLA-4 expression. Increased IL-10 signaling limited surface MHC class II upregulation during conventional dendritic cell (cDC) maturation, while increased CTLA-4-dependent transendocytosis led to the transfer of CD80 and CD86 costimulatory ligands from maturing cDCs to TR cells. In NOD mice, Fc.IL-2 mutein treatment promoted the suppression of cDCs in the inflamed pancreas and pancreatic lymph nodes resulting in T cell anergy. Thus, IL-2 mutein-expanded TR cells have enhanced functional properties and restrict cDC function, offering promise for targeted immunotherapy use in autoimmune disease.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Corpus Analysis Tools for Computational Hook Discovery

Compared to studies with symbolic music data, advances in music description from audio have overwhelmingly focused on ground truth reconstruction and maximizing prediction accuracy, with only a small fraction of studies using audio description to gain insight into musical data. We present a strategy for the corpus analysis of audio data that is optimized for interpretable results. The approach brings two previously unexplored concepts to the audio domain: audio bigram distributions, and the use of corpus-relative or “second-order” descriptors. To test the real-world applicability of our method, we present an experiment in which we model song recognition data collected in a widely-played music game. By using the proposed corpus analysis pipeline we are able to present a cognitively adequate analysis that allows a model interpretation in terms of the listening history and experience of our participants. We find that our corpus-based audio features are able to explain a comparable amount of variance to symbolic features for this task when used alone and that they can supplement symbolic features profitably when the two types of features are used in tandem. Finally, we highlight new insights into what makes music recognizable.
A Comparative Study of the Performance of Noiler and Broiler Birds in Tropical Humid Zone (South-East Nigeria)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of broiler and noiler birds. A total of 36 (thirty-six) day old unsexed broiler (Casacada) and noiler birds were sourced from Ibadan, South-western and Amo Farm from Owerri, South-eastern Nigeria respectively. After brooding, the chicks were randomly divided into two treatment groups of eighteen birds each. They were replicated twice and were fed with equal amount of commercial broiler finisher. The feed intake, feed conversion ratio and body weight gain were determined. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) between the two treatments with the highest weight gain in T2 at 1.885kg and the lowest weight gain in T1 at 1.237kg. There was a significant increase in the body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio of broiler birds across the treatments. It was therefore, concluded that broiler birds have better feed efficiency than the noilers. Keywords: Comparative, Study, Performance, Noiler, Broiler, Birds, Humid, Zone, Nigeria
Characteristics of Water Quality and Nitrogen-Associated Bacterial Functions in Mekong Delta Mangroves

Rapid changes, such as urbanization and artificial field expansion, are occurring in mangrove regions worldwide. To assess the characteristics of nitrogen-related processes in mangrove forests in the Mekong delta in relation to conditions in the surrounding environment, we measured water quality: inorganic nitrogen, inorganic phosphate and heavy metals; and nitrogen-associated bacterial activities: nitrogen-fixing activity and nitrogen-consuming activity. The water quality results suggest that key changes in Mekong delta mangroves include a high input of ammonium, phosphorus and heavy metals from cities and aquaculture farms upstream. The current value of mangrove soil bacterial nitrogen fixation in the Mekong delta, 0.87-24.57 mg N m -2 d -1 , has dropped to within the previously reported order of other mangrove regions. We determined that the addition of ammonium had reduced soil nitrogen fixation to less than half that of the control treatment. The addition of aquaculture pond water also suppressed soil nitrogen fixation. We postulated that if drainage from the artificial systems upstream continuously supplies the mangroves downstream, part of the mangrove soil nitrogen will shift from atmospherically-derived nitrogen to anthropogenically-derived nitrogen. If the nitrogen input from the upstream region exceeds the nitrogen-consuming capacity of the mangrove forest, effects on plant growth due to excessive ammonium and eutrophication of the surrounding ocean will be a concern.
La stabilité des modèles de localisation industrielle .. Une analyse pour soixante-et-onze secteurs d'activité économique, Canada 1971-2001

The spatial dynamics of the Canadian economy is examined for 71 industries, using a geography based on size and location criteria. Via a correlation analysis of location quotients, relative economic structures are compared over time. In relative terms, the types of industries found in large cities or central (as opposed to peripheral) locations have changed on little over time. Rural-urban contrasts have lessened, but not those founded on distance, suggesting fairly stable concentric landscapes in which industry specialisation is largely determined by distance from a central point.
Security and Reliability Performance Analysis of Cognitive NOMA Network Under Outage Constraint of Multiple Primary Users

In this paper, we conduct an investigation into the security and reliability aspects of a cognitive non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) network operating under outage constraints imposed by multiple primary users (PUs). Specifically, we examine a scenario where secondary users (SUs) have the capability to operate in NOMA mode, allowing them to harness the licensed spectrum band of multiple PUs, provided that the interference generated by SUs remains below a predefined threshold. Given that context, both SUs and PUs are susceptible in this spectrum-sharing environment, a potential threat arises in the form of an eavesdropper who seeks to exploit the secrecy of messages exchanged among SUs. Given this setting, we derive a power allocation policy for the SUs, formulate closed-form expressions for outage probability (OP) and intercept probability (IP) to assess system performance, and analyze the trade-off between reliability and security. Finally, we supplement our findings with numerical examples and discussions to illustrate the proposed concepts.
Leichter atmen – wie funktionieren Ventile bei COPD?

Zusammenfassung Bei chronisch obstruktiver Lungenerkrankung (COPD) und Lungenemphysem kommt es zu einer fortschreitenden Verengung der Atemwege, die das Atmen erschwert. Eine etablierte Behandlungsoption, die bronchoskopische Ventilimplantation, bietet Patienten eine Möglichkeit, das Atmen zu erleichtern. Diese Ventile funktionieren, indem sie überblähte Lungenlappen kollabieren lassen, was die Funktion des gesunden Lungengewebes verbessert. Dieser Artikel erläutert, wie diese Ventile funktionieren und wie sie bei der Behandlung von COPD und Lungenemphysem eingesetzt werden.
Information and Computation

We introduce a fold operation that realises a tree-to-graph transduction by merging selected nodes in the input tree to form a possibly cyclic output graph. The work is motivated by the increasing use of graph-based representations in semantic parsing. We show that a suitable class of graphs languages can be generated by applying the fold operation to regular unranked tree languages. We investigate two versions of the fold operation, one that preserves a depth-ﬁrst ordering between the edges, and one that does not. Finally, we demonstrate that the time complexity for the associated non-uniform membership problem is solvable in polynomial time for the order-preserving version, and NP-complete for the order-cancelling one. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons .org /licenses /by-nc -nd /4 .0/).
Fusing Direct Manipulations into Functional Programs

Bidirectional live programming systems (BLP) enable developers to modify a program by directly manipulating the program output, so that the updated program can produce the manipulated output. One state-of-the-art approach to BLP systems is operation-based, which captures the developer's intention of program modifications by taking how the developer manipulates the output into account. The program modifications are usually hard coded for each direct manipulation in these BLP systems, which are difficult to extend. Moreover, to reflect the manipulations to the source program, these BLP systems trace the modified output to appropriate code fragments and perform corresponding code transformations. Accordingly, they require direct manipulation users be aware of the source code and how it is changed, making "direct" manipulation (on output) be "indirect". In this paper, we resolve this problem by presenting a novel operation-based framework for bidirectional live programming, which can automatically fuse direct manipulations into the source code, thus supporting code-insensitive direct manipulations. Firstly, we design a simple but expressive delta language DM capable of expressing common direct manipulations for output values. Secondly, we present a fusion algorithm that propagates direct manipulations into the source functional programs and applies them to the constants whenever possible; otherwise, the algorithm embeds manipulations into the "proper positions" of programs. We prove the correctness of the fusion algorithm that the updated program executes to get the manipulated output. To demonstrate the expressiveness of DM and the effectiveness of our fusion algorithm, we have implemented FuseDM, a prototype SVG editor that supports GUI-based operations for direct manipulation, and successfully designed 14 benchmark examples starting from blank code using FuseDM.
A coral skeleton geochemical record of surface water properties in the Oman upwelling region

OF THE THESIS. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT. iv LIST OF TABLES. viii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. ix 1 THEORY AND BACKGROUND . 1 1.1 INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1.1 Indian Ocean . 1 1.1.2 Nature of the Problem . 8 1.2 BACKGROUND.10 1.2.1 Coral Calcification Physiology.10 1.2.2 Proxies used in this study.12 2 ANALYTICAL METHODS.20 2.1 INTRODUCTION . 20 2.2 CORAL RECOVERY AND SAMPLING.20 2.3 SOLUTION-­‐PHASE ICP-­‐OES TECHNIQUES . 22 2.3.1 Sample dissolution and dilution . 23 2.3.2 Preparation of Standard Solutions . 23 2.3. 3 ICP-­OES measurements . 26 2.4 STABLE ISOTOPE TECHNIQUES.31 3 SR/CA AND δ18O RESULTS AND DISCUSSION.33 3.1 INTRODUCTION . 33 3.2 EXISTING SST RECORDS AT AND AROUND THE CORAL SITE . 34 3.2.1 JGOFS Arabian Sea Process (ASP) Study Station S1 Temperature Records . 34
Insights to the formation of secondary inorganic PM2.5: Current knowledge and future needs

As a criteria pollutant, fine particulate matter (fine PM, i.e. PM2.5) adversely affects public health and environment, contributes to visibility degradation and regional haze. Atmospheric fine PM includes primary and secondary PM2.5. While the primary PM2.5 is from direct emissions, the secondary PM2.5 is formed in the atmosphere through photochemical reaction, condensation and other atmospheric processes. Although it is well known that ammonia (NH3) may react with acidic gas species to form secondary inorganic PM2.5 (iPM2.5) as ammonium salts, limited research has been done to quantify the impacts of NH3 emissions of animal feeding operations (AFOs) on the dynamics of such chemical reactions and gas-particle phases partitioning. This paper is to provide comprehensive review of existing research on AFO PM chemical speciation and on the formation of secondary iPM2.5 as impacted by AFO air emissions. Research gaps and future studies in characterizing AFO PM and assessing impacts of AFO air emissions on atmospheric PM are discussed. Keywords: environmental pollution, particulate matter, inorganic PM2.5, animal feeding operations, ammonia, formation of secondary PM2.5 DOI: 10.3965/j.ijabe. 20150802.1810
Adjuvante Behandlung des caninen Hämangiosarkoms der Milz mit der autologen dendritischen Zelltherapie – eine prospektive, placebokontrollierte, randomisierte Doppelblindstudie

Zusammenfassung Gegenstand und Ziel Hämangiosarkome (HSA) der Milz beim Hund sind hochmaligne mesenchymale Tumoren, die eine hohe Metastasierungsneigung aufweisen. Auch mit adjuvanter Chemotherapie nach der Splenektomie liegen die medianen Überlebenszeiten i.d. R. bei lediglich 5–8 Monaten. Ziel dieser Studie war, anhand einer prospektiven randomisierten Doppelblindstudie nach der Splenektomie die Wirksamkeit einer adjuvanten dendritischen Zelltherapie nach der PetBioCell-Methode zu überprüfen. Zudem wurden mögliche unerwünschten Wirkungen dieser Therapie evaluiert. Material und Methoden Einundzwanzig Hunde mit histologisch nachgewiesenem, nicht-metastasiertem HSA der Milz (Stadium I und II) nach Splenektomie wurden in die Studie inkludiert. Zehn Hunde erhielten die dendritische Zelltherapie, 11 Hunde bekamen ein Placebo injiziert. Die Applikation erfolgte nach Herstellerangaben in den ersten 3 Monaten monatlich, anschließend alle 3 Monate bis zum Tod der Patienten. Die Überlebenszeiten sowie die unerwünschten Wirkungen beider Gruppen wurden verglichen. Ergebnisse Der Follow-up aller Patienten reichte bis zur Euthanasie oder Versterben aufgrund von Metastasen. Ein Patient aus der Gruppe mit der dendritischen Zelltherapie wurde aufgrund einer Prostatitis euthanasiert, dieser hatte die längste Überlebenszeit (668 Tage). Ein Hund aus der Placebo-Gruppe überlebte 448 Tage nach Splenektomie. Die mediane Überlebenszeit betrug bei der dendritischen Zelltherapie-Gruppe 74 Tage, bei der Placebo-Gruppe 126 Tage. Statistisch zeigte sich in der Tumor-freien Zeit (t(18) = 1,4, p = 0,911) und der Überlebenszeit (t(19) = –0,094, p = 0,463) zwischen den beiden Gruppen kein Unterschied. Alle unerwünschten Wirkungen waren in der Therapiegruppe mild und selbstlimitierend, auch in der Placebo-Gruppe wurde von ähnlichen milden unerwünschten Wirkungen berichtet. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz Die Immuntherapie mit autologen, unreifen und ungeprimten dendritischen Zellen nach der PetBioCell-Methode zeigte beim kaninen Hämangiosarkom der Milz in dieser Studienpopulation keine nachweisbare Wirksamkeit hinsichtlich der Tumor-freien Zeit und Überlebenszeit.
Dental Education: A Guide for Novice Tutors

The primary objective of undergraduate-level dental education is to produce proficient dental practitioners who can effectively address the oral health needs of the community and enhance the overall oral health of the population. The field of dental education is subject to continuous change that is shaped by many factors, including changing societal norms, shifting responsibilities of dental practitioners, changing healthcare environments, and rapidly evolving dental science. Learning theories significantly impact the advancement of dental education, and educators must recognize and acknowledge their influence. Dental faculties must be adequately prepared and motivated to use innovations, which enable them to impart knowledge in a practical and organized manner. This review provides an overview of teaching methodologies that have gained acceptance in recent years. It highlights the importance of their implementation in facilitating an effective teaching and learning process in consideration of their history, style, and core focus. A clearer understanding of these techniques can enhance education standards, help establish dental instructors’ responsibilities and career advancement, and provide insights for future research.
Dissolved noble gases in groundwater

Recharge temperature inferred from dissolved noble gas concentrations (noble gas temperatures, NGT) are useful as a quantitative proxy for air temperature change since the last glacial maximum. Despite their importance in paleoclimate research, few studies have investigated the relationship between NGT and actual recharge temperatures in field settings. This study presents dissolved noble gas data from a series of monitor wells in a shallow unconfined aquifer in an area heavily impacted by agriculture. Multiple samples had dissolved gas concentrations below the equilibrium concentration with respect to atmospheric pressure, indicating degassing. The NGT calculated from common physically based interpretive gas dissolution models on samples unaffected by degassing do reflect the measured water table temperatures (WTT). The ability to fit the data to multiple interpretive models indicates that model goodness-of-fit does not necessarily mean that the model reflects the actual gas dissolution process. Although NGT are useful in that they reflect WTT, caution is recommended when using these interpretive models. There was no measurable difference in excess air characteristics (amount and degree of fractionation) between the two recharge regimes studied. Geochemical and dissolved gas data indicate that saturated zone denitrification caused degassing by gas stripping. Modeling indicates that minor degassing (<10% ΔNe) may cause underestimation of groundwater recharge temperature by 2 °C. Such errors are problematic because degassing may not be apparent and degassed samples may be fit by a model with a high
A comparative analysis of speed profile models for ankle pointing movements : evidence that lower and upper extremity discrete movements are controlled by a single invariant strategy

Citation Michmizos, Konstantinos P., Lev Vaisman, and Hermano Igo Krebs. “A Comparative Analysis of Speed Profile Models for Ankle Pointing Movements: Evidence That Lower and Upper Extremity Discrete Movements Are Controlled by a Single Invariant Strategy. ” Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 8 (November 27, 2014). As Published http://dx.doi. org/10.3389/fnhum.2014. 00962 Publisher Frontiers Research Foundation