Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Institutionalism, Keynes, and the Real World

We live in troubled times, in a troubled world. It is a world which we do not understand very well. Even less are we able to control events and shape them to our liking. Crisis is a much abused and overworked word, one used much too carelessly. Yet it seems to me that we are in one of those periods, an "unstable and crucial time," whose outcome, for better or for worse, will make a decisive difference in our lives and the economy in which we live. In some ways our situation is much like the 1930s, although not so starkly dramatic and c-ritical in the need for immediate action. Then the received body of economic analysis was unable to deal with economic collapse. There was floundering until a new analytical framework for the diagnosis of problems emerged. Today the accepted paradigm-the neoclassical version of J. M. Keynes-seems ill-suited for capitalism's crisis, a crisis made acute by the persistence of too much unemployment and too much inflation. The foregoing leads to the suggestion that we are now living in a nonKeynesian world. I do not believe this is the case. The failure is not in Keynes, but in the analytical system created by those who came after him.
Molecular Determinants of the Substrate Specificity of the Complement-initiating Protease, C1r*

Background: Classical complement pathway activation depends on cleavage of inactive C1s by C1r. Results: P2 Gln and P1′ Ile residues in activation loop of C1s are crucial for activation by C1r. Conclusion: Residues at P2 and P1′ in cleavage position of C1s make important interactions with C1r active site. Significance: Critical determinants identified for activation of the classical complement pathway. The serine protease, C1r, initiates activation of the classical pathway of complement, which is a crucial innate defense mechanism against pathogens and altered-self cells. C1r both autoactivates and subsequently cleaves and activates C1s. Because complement is implicated in many inflammatory diseases, an understanding of the interaction between C1r and its target substrates is required for the design of effective inhibitors of complement activation. Examination of the active site specificity of C1r using phage library technology revealed clear specificity for Gln at P2 and Ile at P1′, which are found in these positions in physiological substrates of C1r. Removal of one or both of the Gln at P2 and Ile at P1′ in the C1s substrate reduced the rate of C1r activation. Substituting a Gln residue into the P2 of the activation site of MASP-3, a protein with similar domain structure to C1s that is not normally cleaved by C1r, enabled efficient activation of this enzyme. Molecular dynamics simulations and structural modeling of the interaction of the C1s activation peptide with the active site of C1r revealed the molecular mechanisms that particularly underpin the specificity of the enzyme for the P2 Gln residue. The complement control protein domains of C1r also made important contributions to efficient activation of C1s by this enzyme, indicating that exosite interactions were also important. These data show that C1r specificity is well suited to its cleavage targets and that efficient cleavage of C1s is achieved through both active site and exosite contributions.
Randomized Controlled Trial of a Positive Affect Intervention for People Newly Diagnosed With HIV

Objective: We conducted a randomized controlled trial to determine whether IRISS (Intervention for those Recently Informed of their Seropositive Status), a positive affect skills intervention, improved positive emotion, psychological health, physical health, and health behaviors in people newly diagnosed with HIV. Method: One-hundred and fifty-nine participants who had received an HIV diagnosis in the past 3 months were randomized to a 5-session, in-person, individually delivered positive affect skills intervention or an attention-matched control condition. Results: For the primary outcome of past-day positive affect, the group difference in change from baseline over time did not reach statistical significance (p = .12, d = .30). Planned secondary analyses within assessment point showed that the intervention led to higher levels of past-day positive affect at 5, 10, and 15 months postdiagnosis compared with an attention control. For antidepressant use, the between group difference in change from baseline was statistically significant (p = .006, d = −.78 baseline to 15 months) and the difference in change over time for intrusive and avoidant thoughts related to HIV was also statistically significant (p = .048, d = .29). Contrary to findings for most health behavior interventions in which effects wane over the follow up period, effect sizes in IRISS seemed to increase over time for most outcomes. Conclusions: This comparatively brief positive affect skills intervention achieved modest improvements in psychological health, and may have the potential to support adjustment to a new HIV diagnosis.
Western immunoblot analysis of Ehrlichia chaffeensis, E. canis, or E. ewingii infections in dogs and humans

Ehrlichia chaffeensis, E. canis, and E. ewingii are genetically closely related, as determined by 16S rRNA gene base sequence comparison, but they exhibit biologic differences. E. chaffeensis is the etiologic agent of human ehrlichiosis. E. canis and E. ewingii cause two distinctly different forms of canine ehrlichiosis and infect different types of leukocytes, monocytes and granulocytes, respectively. E. chaffeensis can also infect dogs. In the study, Western immunoblot analysis of sera from dogs inoculated with E. chaffeensis, E. canis, or E. ewingii was performed to determine antigenic specificity and the intensities of the reactions to purified E. chaffeensis and E. canis antigens. At 2 to 3 weeks postexposure, antisera from four dogs inoculated with E. chaffeensis reacted with 64-, 47-, 31-, and 29-kDa proteins of E. chaffeensis but reacted poorly with E. canis antigen. In contrast, at 2 to 3 weeks postexposure, antisera from four E. canis-inoculated dogs reacted strongly with the 30-kDa major antigen of E. canis but reacted poorly with proteins from E. chaffeensis. At 4 weeks postexposure, the sera from three E. ewingii-inoculated dogs showed weak binding to 64- and 47-kDa proteins of both E. chaffeensis and E. canis. Convalescent-phase sera from human ehrlichiosis patients and sera from dogs chronically infected with E. ewingii strongly reacted with similar sets of proteins of E. chaffeensis and E. canis with similar intensities. However, sera from dogs chronically infected with E. canis reacted more strongly with a greater number of E. canis proteins than with E. chaffeensis proteins. The protein specificity described in the report suggests that dogs with E. canis infections can be distinguished from E. chaffeensis-infected animals by Western immunoblot analysis with both E. canis and E. chaffeensis antigens.
Business Models in the Sharing Economy: Manufacturing Durable Goods in the Presence of Peer-to-Peer Rental Markets

With peer-to-peer sharing of durable goods like cars, boats, and condominiums, it is unclear how manufacturers should react. They could seek to encourage these markets or compete against them by offering their own rentals. This work shows why the best business model depends on whether consumer usage rates vary or not. Contrary to what might be expected, this paper shows that manufacturers have an incentive to facilitate transactions of P2P rental markets in a large variety of cases. We find that when consumer variation in usage rates is intermediate, the manufacturer is surprisingly best off avoiding offering its own direct rentals option and instead, facilitating a peer-to-peer rental market where consumers can share among themselves. The reason for this is an effect unique to the sharing economy, the equalizing effect. The equalizing effect shows that peer-to-peer rentals uniquely make previously heterogeneous willingness-to-pay among consumers more similar, making it easier for the firm to discriminate between the higher- and lower-value consumers, thus allowing it to extract a higher portion of consumers’ surplus. Surprisingly, there are some cases where peer-to-peer rentals benefit the manufacturer, but consumers are hurt overall (though the lower-usage consumers do always benefit from the availability of peer-to-peer rentals).
Urinary mercury concentrations associated with dental restorations in adult women aged 16–49 years: United States, 1999–2000

Background: Mercury amalgam dental restorations have been used by dentists since the mid 19th century and issues on safety continue to be periodically debated within the scientific and public health communities. Previous studies have reported a positive association between urine mercury levels and the number of dental amalgams, but this relation has never been described in a nationally representative sample in the United States. Aims and Methods: Using household interview, dietary interview, dental examination, and laboratory data from the 1999–2000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), the association between mercury concentrations and dental restorations was examined in US women of reproductive age. Results: In women of childbearing age, approximately 13% of all posterior dental surfaces were restored with amalgams and the average urinary mercury level in women was low (1.34 μg/l). It is estimated that an increase of 1.8 μg/l in the log transformed values for mercury in urine would occur for each 10 dental surfaces restored with amalgam. Conclusions: Although the findings do not address the important issues of adverse health effects at low thresholds of mercury exposure, they do provide important reference data that should contribute significantly to the ongoing scientific and public health policy debate on the use of dental amalgams in the USA.
Utilization of Personal Health Informatics Through Intermediary Users

Personal informatics are important tools in health self-management as they support individuals to quantify and self-reflect on their lifestyle. Human-computer interaction researchers have devoted resources on studying how to design such tools. Various motivational strategies have been explored for their capabilities in improving user engagement. However, such strategies are developed with an assumption that the targeted consumer of information is the one directly manipulating user interfaces of the system that has information. This may not always be the case for users in developing regions. As a result, such systems may not scale well in contexts where a targeted consumer (beneficiary) may use technology through the facilitation of another person (intermediary) whom is responsible for manipulating user interfaces, because such facilitators are not recognized as part of the system, hence motivational strategies don't cater for them. In order to uncover design implications for intermediated technology use in the context of personal health informatics (PHI), the researcher started with the theoretical framing of the work followed by a contextual enquiry which led to development of mobile applications' prototypes for tracking nutrition and physical activity. Evaluation of the prototypes revealed that a familial relationship is a prerequisite for such an intervention. The most promising combination involves family members, possibly a child and a parent working together. The study used self-determination theory to understand how a collaborative gamified system can increase engagement. The result revealed that gamification as the source of a significant increase in perceived competence in intermediary users whom also tended to consider themselves as co-owners of the interaction experience. Therefore, gamification was found to be a catalyst for increasing collaboration between an intermediary and beneficiary user of technology, provided that the two users that formed a pair had a prior social relationship. In the absence of gamification, intermediary users tended to be less engaged in the intervention. The study highlights both the positive and negative aspects of gamification in promoting collaboration in intermediated use and its general implications in health settings. Design considerations required in order to improve the overall user experience of both users involved are proposed. In general, this work contributes to both theory and empirical validation of factors for, supporting proximate-enabled intermediated use of personal health informatics.
New Bucket Join Algorithm for Fast

Join is the most expensive and the frequent operation in database. Significant numbers of join queries are executed in the interactive applications. In interactive applications the first few thousand results need to be produced without any delay. The current join algorithms are mainly based on hash join or sort merge join which is less suitable for interactive applications because some pre work is required by these algorithms before it could produce the joining results. The nested loop joining technique produces the results without any delay, but it needs more comparisons to produce the joining results as it carries the tuples which will not yield any joining results till the end of the join operation. In this paper we present a new joining algorithm called bucket join which will over comes the limitations of hash based and sort based algorithms. In this new joining algorithm the tuples are divided into buckets without any pre-work. The matched tuples and the tuples which will not produce the joining results are eliminated during each phase thus the no. of comparison required to produce the joining results are considerable low when compared to the other joining algorithms. Thus the bucket join algorithm can replace the other early join algorithms in any situation where a fast initial response time is required without any penalty in the memory usage and I/O operations.
The Influence of Financialization in Information Technology (IT) Management: Evidences from the Outsourcing Decision-Making Process in Brazilian Companies

In flnancialization times, the management of several companies that have equities in the "hands" of their shareholders underwent deep changes. Companies that were formerly managed seeking their products market, started to use financial indicators to measure the increase in the company's value for their shareholders. Some authors argue that these changes altered not only the management of the companies, but also the managers' role. In this scenario, this article tries to evaluate the impact of financialization in the Information Technology (IT) management. By using the outsourcing decision-making process of IT functions as an analysis unit, this paper uses a survey as a method of data collection to verify whether Brazilian companies that have shares in the stock market take their outsource decisions of IT functions differently from those that do not have shares in the stock market. Hence, to verify if the financialization has influence on the IT management, six decision aspects will be analyzed: strategic subjects; costs; risks; contracts and administration of suppliers; benchmarking and; new management forms.
Debiasing in a Minute or Less, or Too Good to Be True? The Effect of Micro-Interventions on Decision-Making Quality

In this study, the effects of a novel debiasing micro-intervention (an intervention that requires no training or instructions) are tested in three experiments. The intervention is epistemologically informed and consists of two questions that prompt the quantification of degrees of a belief (“How certain am I? ”) and the justification of a belief (“Why? ”). In all three experiments, this intervention was ineffective. Unexpectedly, however, when the micro-intervention consisted only of the justification question (“Why? ”), there was a small, but noticeable positive effect in two experiments. Overall, even though the hypothesized effects were not observable, a justification prompt might be a potentially effective micro-intervention that should be explored in future research.
Feature Extraction Approach Selection of Non-GO Termed Proteins for the Backup Method of Protein Subcellular Localization Prediction

In protein subcellular localization prediction, several types of feature extraction methods have been proposed to produce different levels of accuracy. Among the feature extraction methods, feature extraction based on GO terms provides better accuracy. However, there are several cases, especially for newly discovered proteins, where the GO term feature representations are not available. Here, this types of proteins are called as ‘non-GO termed’ proteins. In such cases, researcher depends on some backup methods using other features extraction approaches but in most of the cases, prediction performance of only the backup method is not provided separately, that is, combined prediction performance is given based on GO term based method along with the backup method. This makes it harder to get any idea about the prediction performance of the non-GO termed proteins. In this paper, we have considered five sequence driven feature extraction approaches and investigated how feature extraction approaches affect the performance for non-GO termed proteins. Finally, we have developed three prediction systems using three different methods to get classifier independent result. The experimental result shows that, Dipeptide Composition provides better actual accuracy for the gram-positive bacteria dataset, while Amino Acid Composition provides higher actual accuracy for the gram-negative bacteria dataset.
Discriminative Dialog Analysis Using a Massive Collection of BBS comments

With the rapid growth of the Internet, the amount of electronic dialog, such as discussions in blogs or bulletin board systems (BBSs), has been increasing day by day. Although dialogs in blogs and BBSs are full of knowledge, they are sometimes split into several segments because multiple topics are discussed simultaneously. This paper addresses the challenge of determining whether two comments in a BBS are related to each other or not. We use two types of indications: a content relevance, which captures the similarity between two comments, and a functional relevance, which captures corresponding phrase pairs such as “please tell me why. ”a nd “It is because . ”. We use a measure proposed in previous studies for the content relevance, while for the functional relevance, we propose a new measure based on a co-occurrence ratio in dialogs. We also propose a method to gather a large collection of BBS comments. Experimental results showed that two types of relevance individually contribute to the accuracy, demonstrating the basic feasibility of our approach.
Defense Analysis Against Store and Forward Distributed Reflective Denial of Service Attacks

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks are a dangerous large scale highly coordinated attempts to disable network-based computer systems. The attackers are comprised of a large number of agents working to overwhelm the victim with fake requests. Thus, preventing legitimate users from gaining access to the services provided by the victim. These attacks can target web services, as well as the networking infrastructure of critical cyberphysical systems like power stations and water distribution networks. Recently, a new class of DDoS attacks has emerged; Distributed Reflective Denial of Service (DRDoS) attacks are the new trend in this category. By reflecting and amplifying UDP traffic, the attackers are able to divert a large volume of traffic toward the victim. Under this category, store and flood DRDoS attacks have employed P2P networks to store the attack data on agents prior to the attack phase. These attacks have proved to be highly capable and more dangerous than traditional DoS attacks. In this paper, we to tackle the store and flood DRDoS problem. By studying the elements and mechanism of the attack, we develop mechanisms to mitigate the effects of these attacks and filter unwanted traffic.
Virtual View Quality Enhancement using Side View Temporal Modelling Information for Free Viewpoint Video

Virtual viewpoint video needs to be synthesised from adjacent reference viewpoints to provide immersive perceptual 3D viewing experience of a scene. View synthesised techniques suffer poor rendering quality due to holes created by occlusion in the warping process. Currently, spatial and temporal correlation of texture images and depth maps are exploited to improve the quality of the final synthesised view. Due to the low spatial correlation at the edge between foreground and background pixels, spatial correlation e.g. inpainting and inverse mapping (IM) techniques cannot fill holes effectively. Conversely, a temporal correlation among already synthesised frames through learning by Gaussian mixture modelling (GMM) fill missing pixels in occluded areas efficiently. In this process, there are no frames for GMM learning when the user switches view instantly. To address the above issues, in the proposed view synthesis technique, we apply GMM on the adjacent reference viewpoint texture images and depth maps to generate a most common frame in a scene (McFIS). Then, texture McFIS is warped into the target viewpoint by using depth McFIS and both warped McFISes are merged. Then, we utilize the number of GMM models to refine pixel intensities of the synthesised view by using a weighting factor between the pixel intensities of the merged McFIS and the warped images. This technique provides a better pixel correspondence and improves 0.58∼0.70dB PSNR compared to the IM technique.
The SGML FAQ Book: Understanding the Foundation of HTML and XML

From the Publisher: Drawing on many years of work with SGML systems, DTD's and users, Steve DeRose has assembled The SGML FAQ Book, which addresses the questions SGML users of all kinds run into in their daily work (from the Web author to the high-tech documentation specialist). In a clear, accessible style this book provides the answers to those questions, as well as recommendations on how to use SGML most effectively. The questions are organized by kinds of SGML users, ranging from authors using systems that (usually! ) hide most SGML details, to authors who deal directly with SGML, to DTD designers and others who get into all the gory details.