Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Allocating Resource Capacities for an Offload-enabled Mobile Edge Cloud System

AI applications have become increasingly popular and been widely deployed in various scenarios. In an AI application, an AI model is typically first trained, and then the model inference service is deployed in systems to perform model inference tasks based on the input data. In this paper, we systematically model the performance of running such AI tasks on Mobile Edge Cloud (MEC) systems. In particular, the model inference services are deployed in mobile devices, the edge devices and the cloud server. Mobile devices collect the monitoring data and perform the model inference tasks. When the arrival rate of the incoming data becomes too big, the mobile devices offload a portion of model inference tasks to the edge devices by the way of uploading the incoming data to the edge devices. If an edge device is overwhelmed by the tasks, it can further offload to the cloud server. This paper aims to model the offloading behaviors in MEC and also the resource capacities required to meet the desired task performance.
Glimpses on the Micro Black Hole Planck Phase

Mass thresholds, lifetimes, entropy and heat capacity for micro black holes close to their late Schwarzschild phase are computed using two different generalized uncertainty principles, in the framework of models with extra spatial dimensions. Emissions of both photons and gravitons (in the bulk) are taken into account. Results are discussed and compared.
What happens when transition metal trichalcogenides are interfaced with gold?

Transition metal trichalcogenides (TMTs) are two-dimensional (2D) systems with quasi-one-dimensional (quasi-1D) chains. These 2D materials are less susceptible to undesirable edge defects, which enhances their promise for low-dimensional optical and electronic device applications. However, so far, the performance of 2D devices based on TMTs has been hampered by contact-related issues. Therefore, in this review, a diligent effort has been made to both elucidate and summarize the interfacial interactions between gold and various TMTs, namely, In_4Se_3, TiS_3, ZrS_3, HfS_3, and HfSe_3. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy data, supported by the results of electrical transport measurements, provide insights into the nature of interactions at the Au/In_4Se_3, Au/TiS_3, Au/ZrS_3, Au/HfS_3, and Au/HfSe_3 interfaces. This may help identify and pave a path toward resolving the contemporary contact-related problems that have plagued the performance of TMT-based nanodevices. Graphical abstract I – V characteristics of (a) TiS3, (b) ZrS3, and (c) HfS3
THE SHAPING OF THE MULTIPOLAR PRE-PLANETARY NEBULA CRL 618 BY MULTIDIRECTIONAL BULLETS

In order to understand the formation of the multipolar structures of the pre-planetary nebula CRL 618, we perform 3D simulations using a multidirectional bullet model. The optical lobes of CRL 618 and fast molecular outflows at the tips of the lobes have been found to have similar expansion ages of ∼100 yr. Additional fast molecular outflows were found near the source along the outflow axes with ages of ∼45 yr, suggesting a second episode of bullet ejections. Thus, in our simulations, two episodes of bullet ejections are assumed. The shaping process is simulated using the ZEUS-3D hydrodynamics code that includes molecular and atomic cooling. In addition, molecular chemistry is also included to calculate the CO intensity maps. Our results show the following: (1) Multiepoch bullets interacting with the toroidal dense core can produce the collimated multiple lobes as seen in CRL 618. The total mass of the bullets is ∼0.034 M⊙, consistent with the observed high-velocity (HV) CO emission in fast molecular outflows. (2) The simulated CO J = 3–2 intensity maps show that the low-velocity cavity wall and the HV outflows along the lobes are reasonably consistent with the observations. The position–velocity diagram of the outflows along the outflow axes shows a linear increase of velocity with distance, similar to the observations. The ejections of these bullets could be due to magnetorotational explosions or nova-like explosions around a binary companion.
One-loop gravitational wave spectrum in de Sitter spacetime

The two-point function for tensor metric perturbations around de Sitter spacetime including one-loop corrections from massless conformally coupled scalar fields is calculated exactly. We work in the Poincar? patch (with spatially flat sections) and employ dimensional regularization for the renormalization process. Unlike previous studies we obtain the result for arbitrary time separations rather than just equal times. Moreover, in contrast to existing results for tensor perturbations, ours is manifestly invariant with respect to the subgroup of de Sitter isometries corresponding to a simultaneous time translation and rescaling of the spatial coordinates. Having selected the right initial state for the interacting theory via an appropriate i prescription is crucial for that. Finally, we show that although the two-point function is a well-defined spacetime distribution, the equal-time limit of its spatial Fourier transform is divergent. Therefore, contrary to the well-defined distribution for arbitrary time separations, the power spectrum is strictly speaking ill-defined when loop corrections are included.
A model for fast extragalactic radio bursts

Bursts of millisecond duration were recently discovered in the 1 GHz band. There is a strong evidence that they come from $\sim 1 $ Gpc distances, which implies extraordinary high brightness temperature. I propose that these bursts could be attributed to synchrotron maser emission from relativistic, magnetized shocks. At the onset of the magnetar flare, a strongly magnetized pulse is formed, which propagates away through the relativistic magnetar wind and eventually reaches the nebula inflated by the wind within the surrounding medium. I show that the observed radio bursts could be generated at shocks formed via the interaction of the magnetic pulse with the plasma within the nebula. The model predicts strong millisecond bursts in the TeV band, which could be observed even from distant galaxies.
Remarks on the JKO variational scheme and constrained optimization in the Wasserstein metric

On a related note, Carlen and Gangbo perform a comprehensive study of constrained optimization in the space of probability densities with finite second-order moments over R . An application is provided in [2], where a model Boltzmann equation is proposed as a kinetic Fokker-Planck equation and investigated by means of steepest descent in the Wasserstein metric. In this talk we address both open questions raised by Carlen and Gangbo in [2] and the companion paper [1]. We prove the monotonicity of the second-order moments of the discrete approximations to the heat equation arising from the Jordan-Kinderlehrer-Otto (JKO) variational scheme. A direct argument, via Lagrange multipliers, is outlined in [1] and provided here. Estimates for the fourth-order moments in the constrained case, which are essential to the subsequent alternate analysis, are also obtained.
A Novel Reduced-Order Generalized Differentiator With Zero-Phase Lag and Improved Noise Attenuation

The differentiator is widely used in power converter control to improve the control performance. However, the noise attenuation and phase lag always challenge the digital implementation of the differentiator. The existing differentiators, such as the high-pass filter, nonideal generalized integrator, and the discrete-time optimal control-based tracking differentiator, all face the same incompatible contradiction between noise attenuation and phase lag. The multiple second-order general differentiators lack polarity-selective property and suffer a huge computational burden. To address these issues, this letter proposes a novel reduced-order generalized differentiator (ROGD). Then, different discretization versions of the proposed ROGD and existing differentiators are discussed and compared to demonstrate that the proposed ROGD can achieve excellent performance for differentiation estimation with zero-phase lag and improved noise attenuation at the same time. The effectiveness of the proposed differentiator is finally verified by the differentiator simulation and the experiments of the grid-forming control where the differentiator is used.
A Combinatorial Approach to $r$-Fibonacci Numbers

In this paper we explore generalized “r-Fibonacci Numbers” using a combinatorial “tiling” interpretation. This approach allows us to provide simple, intuitive proofs to several identities involving r-Fibonacci Numbers presented by F.T. Howard and Curtis Cooper in the August, 2011, issue of the Fibonacci Quarterly. We also explore a connection between the generalized Fibonacci numbers and a generalized form of binomial coefficients.
Electrical switching dynamics in circular and rectangular Ge2Sb2Te5 nanopillar phase change memory devices

We have measured the critical phase change conditions induced by electrical pulses in Ge2Sb2Te5 nanopillar phase change memory devices by constructing a comprehensive resistance map as a function of pulse parameters (width, amplitude, and trailing edge). Our measurements reveal that the heating scheme and the details of the contact geometry play the dominant role in determining the final phase composition of the device, such that a nonuniform heating scheme using rectangular contacts promotes partial amorphization/crystallization in a wide range of pulse parameters enabling multiple resistance levels for data storage applications. Furthermore we find that fluctuations in the snap-back voltage and set/reset resistances in repeated switching experiments are related to the details of the current distribution, such that a uniform current injection geometry (i.e., circular contact) favors more reproducible switching parameters. This shows that possible geometrical defects in nanoscale phase change memory devic.
The discriminant statistic based on MPE-MWPE relationship and non-uniform embedding

The slope fitting line between MPE (multi-scale permutation entropy) and MWPE (multi-scale weighted permutation entropy) is recently proposed as a discriminant statistic for testing the nonlinearity of a time series. The main objective of this paper is to demonstrate that the selection of the optimal parameters of the non-uniform embedding is essential for the proposed discriminant statistic. In particular, the presented case studies indicate that the modified discriminant statistic based on non-uniform embedding can detect differences between such time series which remain indistinguishable if the original approach is used.
Non‐Isotropic Contraction and Expansion of Samples in Diamond Anvil Cells: Implications for Thermal Conductivity at the Core‐Mantle Boundary

The thermal conductivities of mantle and core materials have a major impact on planetary evolution, but their experimental determination requires precise knowledge of sample thickness at high pressure. Despite its importance, thickness in most diamond anvil cell (DAC) experiments is not measured but inferred from equations of state, assuming isotropic contraction upon compression or assuming isotropic expansion upon decompression. Here we provide evidence that in DAC experiments both assumptions are invalid for a range of mechanically diverse materials (KCl, NaCl, Ar, MgO, silica glass, Al2O3). Upon compression, these samples are ∼30–50% thinner than expected from isotropic contraction. Most surprisingly, all the studied samples continue to thin upon decompression to 10–20 GPa. Our results partially explain some discrepancies among the highly controversial thermal conductivity values of iron at Earth's core conditions. More generally, we suggest that in situ characterization of sample geometry is essential for conductivity measurements at high pressure.
The Ottawa Decision-Making Supportive Framework-Based Nursing Care in the Outcome of Patients with Chronic Heart Failure

Objective To examine the psychological, compliance, and prognostic impact of care based on the Ottawa Decision Support Framework on patients with chronic heart failure. Methods The medical profiles of 80 individuals with permanent heart failure from January 2020 to January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The care was provided in the framework of Ottawa Decision Support alongside the clinical standard of care. The self-assessment anxiety scale (SAS), Frankel treatment adherence scale, Minnesota quality of life questionnaire for heart failure, self-care competence scale (ESCA), complication rates, and readmission rates were compared prior to and postcare. Results Following three-month nursing care, the score of the SAS scale was remarkably fewer, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Three months of care later, the scores on the Frank Scale were substantially superior to those before care, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Aftercare, the Minnesota quality of life questionnaire for heart failure was clearly inferior to precare, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The ESCA scale scores were found to be considerably more favorable after three months of care than before care, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). After nursing care, one arrhythmia (1.25%) and one pulmonary infection (1.25%) were noted, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The prevalence of complications was 2.50%, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Three cases were readmitted for recurrent chronic heart failure, which was a 2.75% readmission rate. Conclusion Continuous nursing based on the Ottawa Decision Support Framework has significant application value in an anxiety state, treatment compliance, and prognosis of patients with chronic heart failure, which can more effectively reduce patients' anxiety and the incidence of complications and readmission rate, in the meanwhile, effectively improve treatment compliance, quality of life, self-care ability, and prognosis, which is worthy of clinical application.
Nutritional and Anti-Diabetic Properties of Cookies Supplemented with Processed Phyllantus Amarus Leaf

This study described the α-Glucosidase, α-amylase, antioxidant activity, and glycemic index of wheat - Phyllantus amarus cookies, using standard methods. It was also observed that these medicinal plants have the ability to inhibit α–amylase, α-glucosidase and reducing effect on the radical DPPH and glycemic index of the formulated cookies. The microbial count on Phyllantus amarus cookies showed that only total viable count between (2-5) 103 cfu/g shows re-sponse against the four samples tested, while Staphylococcus aureus (cfu/g), Coliform count (cfu/g), Fungi count (sfu/g) showed no response which is an ev-idence that these samples may be good for consumption. Physical characteris-tics; thickness, diameter, weight, spread ratio and hardness were also observed which ranged from 12.68mm- 14.37mm, 2.76mm - 2.90mm, 4.18g - 6.44g, 0.17- 0.21 and 8.13mm - 11.57mm respectively. The moisture, protein, ash, fat, fibre, carbohydrate contents of the control cookies (100% Wheat flour) were 5.08%, 14.60%, 1.63%, 20.75%, 1.78%, 57.95% respectively while that of wheat-Phyllantus amarus cookies ranged from 4.14 %- 4.83 %, 13.95 % - 15.92 %, 1.22 % - 2.15 %, 19.83 % - 21.40%, 2.70% - 3.38%, 56.64% - 60.38% respectively
Extremely isolated galaxies – I. Sample and simulation analysis

We have selected a sample of extremely isolated galaxies (EIGs) from the local Universe (z < 0.024), using a simple isolation criterion: having no known neighbours closer than 300kms −1 (3h −1 Mpc) in the three-dimensional redshift space (α,δ,z). The sample is unique both in its level of isolation and in the fact that it utilizes HI redshifts from the Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA survey (ALFALFA). We analysed the EIG sample using cosmological simulations and found that it contains extremely isolated galaxies with normal mass haloes which have evolved gradually with little or no “major events” (major mergers, or major mass-loss events) in the last 3Gyr. The fraction of EIGs which deviate from this definition (false positives) is 5%–10%. For the general population of dark matter haloes it was further found that the mass accretion (relative to the current halo mass) is affected by the halo environment mainly through strong interactions with its neighbours. As long as a halo does not experience major events, its Mass Accretion History (MAH) does not depend significantly on its environment. “Major events” seem to be the main mechanism that creates low-mass subhaloes (Mhalo < 10 10 h −1 M⊙) that host galaxies (with Mg . 14).
What’s Computational Thinking?: Secondary Science Teachers’ Conceptualizations of Computational Thinking (CT) and Perceived Barriers to CT Integration

ABSTRACT Recognizing that the power of computation has changed the practice of science, science education standards in a number of countries have included a call for the inclusion of computational thinking (CT) in K-12 science education. As CT is a relatively new construct, preparing inservice science teachers to implement CT-infused learning experiences depends on the creation of robust CT professional development (CT-PD) initiatives. Given that teachers’ understandings, attitudes and beliefs impact their teaching, an important step in the development of these programs is identification of teachers’ conceptualizations of CT and its role in science education as well as their perceived barriers to CT/science integration. Additionally, scholars have noted that teacher PD is more effective when it is tailored to the needs of participating teachers. To this end, this survey study examined secondary science teachers’ conceptualizations of CT, perceived barriers to CT/science integration, and the types of professional support they believe is needed to overcome these perceived barriers. Analysis of 123 open-ended surveys revealed that secondary science teachers: (1) conceptualize CT as a specific type of thinking that can be used to build science students’ problem-solving skills; (2) view their lack of CT understanding as a primary barrier to CT/science integration; (3) believe their students are academically unprepared for CT-infused science; and (4) want CT-PD focusing on the what, why, and how of CT/science integration. Drawing upon these findings, multiple implications for supporting science teachers in bringing CT-infused experiences to their students are provided.
A DEEP CHANDRA ACIS SURVEY OF M83

We have obtained a series of deep X-ray images of the nearby galaxy M83 using Chandra, with a total exposure of 729 ks. Combining the new data with earlier archival observations totaling 61 ks, we find 378 point sources within the D25 contour of the galaxy. We find 80 more sources, mostly background active galactic nuclei (AGNs), outside of the D25 contour. Of the X-ray sources, 47 have been detected in a new radio survey of M83 obtained using the Australia Telescope Compact Array. Of the X-ray sources, at least 87 seem likely to be supernova remnants (SNRs), based on a combination of their properties in X-rays and at other wavelengths. We attempt to classify the point source population of M83 through a combination of spectral and temporal analysis. As part of this effort, we carry out an initial spectral analysis of the 29 brightest X-ray sources. The soft X-ray sources in the disk, many of which are SNRs, are associated with the spiral arms, while the harder X-ray sources, mostly X-ray binaries (XRBs), do not appear to be. After eliminating AGNs, foreground stars, and identified SNRs from the sample, we construct the cumulative luminosity function (CLF) of XRBs brighter than 8 × 1035 erg s−1. Despite M83's relatively high star formation rate, the CLF indicates that most of the XRBs in the disk are low mass XRBs.
Superconductivity and charge density wave formation in TlxV6S8

We report on specific heat and resistivity measurements under hydrostatic pressure on the quasi-one dimensional metal TlxV6S8. We studied the interplay between the low temperature superconducting (SC) ground state and a high temperature charge density wave (CDW) instability. We observed a clear dependency of the physical properties of TlxV6S8 on the Tl concentration x. The CDW anomaly is present in all investigated samples that are strongly enhanced at half Tl filling, x = 0.47. This is also the only composition for which no signature of superconductivity is observed. The specific heat results regarding the SC phase in Tl0.63V6S8 suggest that this compound is a highly anisotropic, weak coupling superconductor. Pressure suppresses both SC and CDW transitions to lower temperatures. Nevertheless, as the CDW gap is closed at a critical pressure pc, the increase in the density of states leads to a small enhancement of Tc suggesting that SC and CDW compete for parts of the Fermi-surface.
Neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia and caregivers’ burden: a study among Indian caregivers

ABSTRACT Dementia is considered a most serious and disabling condition, affecting both the individual suffering from it and their caregiver. Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the relationship between neuropsychiatric problems of dementia and caregiver burden. Methods: A total of 138 caregivers of people with dementia participated in this cross-sectional study. The caregivers completed the questionnaires containing sociodemographic information as well as neuropsychiatric problems of dementia and caregiver burden. Results: The findings showed that all of the care-recipients were suffering from some kind of neuropsychiatric symptoms, the most common being apathy, anxiety, motor disturbance, and hallucination. Out of 12 symptoms, 11 were significantly associated with caregivers’ burden. The most important finding is that the severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms is highly responsible for severe caregivers’ burden. Conclusions: The identification of neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia that influence caregiver burden is very critical for both caregivers’ and care-recipients’ health perspective. These findings can also be utilized to create care settings for demented people and help determine policies in the future.
Regular expression containment as a proof search problem

Regular expression containment has recently enjoyed a re- newed interest as a type-theoretic problem. By viewing regular expres- sions as types, it is possible to view containments as functions that coerce one regular expression into another. Containment of a given regular ex- pression in another one is therefore a coercion inference problem. It is not straightforward how to apply here generic proof-theoretic approaches such as those based on the MALL with the least fixpoint. We propose an alternative approach, still a purely syntactic one, to decide contain- ment in reasonable time. We employ the partial derivative construction that, for a regular expression E, yields a syntactic NFA recognising the language of E; and, for a containment E ≤ F , it yields a simulation of E by F , with the empty simulation representing the absence of coercion. We are currently working on a proof of completeness of this optimised coercion search algorithm.