Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Polarization variability among Wolf-Rayet stars. V: Linear polarization of the bright Cygnus stars and an anticorrelation of variability with wind speed

This paper presents polarimetric data for seven of the eight bright WR stars in Cygnus. Six of the stars show only random, low-amplitude modulation on time scales of hours to days. One of these behaves as expected for a long-period WR + O system with an elliptical orbit. The eighth star is the only short-period WR + O binary in the sample. It is confirmed that the degree of random, intrinsic scatter in polarization is correlated with spectral subclass and terminal wind velocity. It is suggested that this is caused by the presence of propagating blobs which form, survive, and/or grow more easily in slower winds. Two models are proposed to explain the origin of the blobs. 93 refs.
Orientation Dependent Dielectric Characteristics of Nanocrystalline Pb(ZrxTi1-x)O3 Films with Inter Digital Electrodes

Crystal structure and dielectric properties of nanocrystalline Pb(ZrxTi1-x)O3 films were studied. Intensity of Raman mode E(1LO) was increased and peak around ∼580 cm−1 became symmetric and strong (110) crystal plane reflection was observed as the thickness of the films increased from 150 nm to 500 nm. Curie-temperature was found to decrease from ∼370°C to ∼345°C as the orientation changed from tetragonal to trigonal. Dielectric constant was found to be maximized and loss angle minimized for single phase oriented films, while phase co-existence was found to increase loss angle values, and bimodal dielectric maxima were found.
Transverse-mode selection and noise properties of external-cavity vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers including multiple-reflection effects

A theoretical analysis has been undertaken of steady-state transverse-mode selection in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL’s) that are subject to optical feedback in an external-cavity configuration. Multiple reflections in the external cavity are taken into account. The influence of thermal effects on mode selection is also treated, and noise properties of the configuration are discussed. In the analysis specific attention is paid to the competition between the two lowest-order modes (LP01 and LP11 degenerate modes) that are appropriate to the chosen circularly symmetric vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser structure. It is shown that preferential excitation of either mode can be effected by the appropriate choice of optical feedback delay. It is also shown that multiple reflections in the external cavity can affect the mode selection, depending on the optical feedback delay. Thermal effects are shown to be detrimental for transverse-mode selection. Strategies for the minimization of thermal effects on mode selection are also discussed. Finally, the relative intensity noise spectrum for each transverse mode is shown to maintain its double-peaked structure and low mode-partition noise in the presence of optical feedback. A change from a twin-peaked to a single-peaked structure of this spectrum is also observed when the optical feedback delay is changed.
Convex majorization with an application to the length of critical paths

1. (Y) for all non-negative, non-decreasing convex functions φ (X is convexly smaller than Y) if and only if, for all . 2. Let H be the Hardy–Littlewood maximal function HY (x) = E(Y – X | Y > x). Then HY (Y) is the smallest random variable exceeding stochastically all random variables convexly smaller than Y. 3. Let X 1 X 2 · ·· Xn be random variables with given marginal distributions, let I 1, I 2, ···, Ik be arbitrary non-empty subsets of {1,2, ···, n} and let M = max (M is the completion time of a PERT network with paths Ij , and delay times Xi .) The paper introduces a computation of the convex supremum of M in the class of all joint distributions of the Xi 's with specified marginals, and of the ‘bottleneck probability' of each path.
The influence of different financial market regimes on the dynamic estimation of GARCH volatility model parameters and volatility forecasting

Abstract Volatility is one of the measures of risk within the financial markets. GARCH modelling involves important volatility forecasting methodology and is widely used in finance. It is important to be able to forecast volatility since volatility has an impact on financial portfolios and the risk hedging methodology followed by financial companies. This study investigates the behaviour of parameter estimates and volatility forecasts of GARCH models over time, using a rolling window estimation procedure. Three GARCH models, the Symmetric GARCH, GJR-GARCH and E-GARCH models, are compared. The dataset used in the study comprises of the JSE All-Share index. This index is divided into two different periods, namely, a tranquil financial period and a turbulent financial period. Different factors influence the performance of GARCH models and consequently determines which GARCH model is the most suited for certain circumstances. These factors are: the sample window period, forecasting horison, the financial period and the underlying distribution of the log returns.
Estimation of soil moisture of winter wheat fields in Henan Province of China

In line with the equation of soil moisture balance and the results from field experiments for years, the source and consumption of soil water components and their calculating models were scientifically analyzed. And based on the wheat condition in its whole growth and development period, as well as water consumption pattern and soil water stress index, a computer-based comprehensive study was made for discussing spatial distribution of non-stress soil water content, field moisture utilization and irrigation mode for winter wheat in different climate years to provide useful suggestion as to directing irrigation and management. The analysis showed that: no matter under what type of climatic conditions, winter wheat fields need irrigation at least once in northern part of Henan Province, however, in southern part, especially the southern area of Huai River, irrigation is needless; cornfields in the middle of the province should be irrigated once in the years short of precipitation, while not be irrigated in the years with abundant rainfall.
Image-gathering system design for information and fidelity

We continue the work by Huck et al. [ J. Opt. Soc. Am. A2, 1644 ( 1985)] to assess image gathering and processing in terms of the information density of the acquired signal and of the fidelity of representations reproduced from this signal. The assessment is constrained by the assumptions that the system is linear and isoplanatic and that the signal and noise amplitudes are Gaussian, wide-sense stationary, and statistically independent. Within these constraints, it is found that (1) the combined process of image gathering and reconstruction (which is intended to reproduce the output of the image-gathering system) behaves as optical, or photographic, image formation in that the informationally optimized design of the image-gathering system ordinarily does not maximize the fidelity of the reconstructed image; (2) the combined process of image gathering and restoration (which is intended to reproduce the input to the image-gathering system) behaves more as a communication channel in that the informationally optimized design of the image-gathering system tends to maximize the fidelity of a variety of optimally restored representations ranging from images to edges; and (3) there exists an intuitively satisfying relationship among the informationally optimized design of image-gathering systems, the response and sensitivity of natural vision, and the reliable detection of edges.
Intuitive prediction: ecological validity versus representativeness

Insufficiently regressive intuitive predictions have been attributed to mistaken reliance on the representativeness heuristic. In contrast, we suggest that intuitive predictions stem from a conceptualization of ‘goodness of prediction’ that differs from the accepted statistical definition in terms of error minimization, namely, ecological validity—that is, representation of the substantive characteristics of the predicted variable Y and its distribution as well as of the relationship between Y and the predictor X—rather than minimization of prediction errors. Simultaneous satisfaction of the above representation requirements is achieved by multivalued prediction: The prediction of different Y′ values for the same X value, resulting in conditional distributions Y′|X for at least some X values. Empirical results supporting this hypothesis are presented and discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Boussinesq moist turbulence model

A moist turbulence model based on the shallow Boussinesq equations with a simple condensation scheme is introduced. Its key advantage is its ability to express the major dynamical effects of moisture on turbulence while maintaining computational efficiency. Because of its simple condensation scheme and periodic boundary conditions, the majority of the computational and memory expense can go towards increased resolution. Sensitivity experiments were performed on a test case of moist bubble simulations. We find that timestep choices that satisfy the CFL condition give adequate temporal resolution. Also addressed are other numerical issues regarding spurious oscillations in fields, in particular in the moisture variables. A ‘hole-filled’ experiment, which removes the negative liquid water and partially smooths the vapour and liquid water fields, indicates that these issues are not important for such a high-resolution model and field-smoothing schemes are not worth the increase in computation expense or lowered accuracy. The moist bubble test cases also span a large range of resolutions, from 903 to 3843. The higher resolutions show shallow liquid water spectra, implying that resolution is key to correct modelling of moist atmospheric dynamics.
Minimum sensitivity implementations for multi-mode systems

The design and implementation of multimode systems under finite-precision restrictions are addressed. Earlier results linking minimum-sensitivity realizations for linear time-invariant systems to the balanced realizations are extended to the multimode and general time-varying systems. The main design problems are posed in a geometric framework, and the geometric theory is applied to switched systems and piecewise linear systems and to the general time-varying case. These optimal realizations are applied to obtain an optimal implementation of a simple multimode filter that allows the tracking of a target with low-complexity, small-wordlength hardware. <<ETX>>
Construction of equivalent circuit of a transformer winding from driving-point impedance function – analytical approach

Analytical solution is presented to convert a given driving-point impedance function (in s-domain) into a physically realisable ladder network with inductive coupling between any two sections and losses considered. The number of sections in the ladder network can vary, but its topology is assumed fixed. A study of the coefficients of the numerator and denominator polynomials of the driving-point impedance function of the ladder network, for increasing number of sections, led to the identification of certain coefficients, which exhibit very special properties. Generalised expressions for these specific coefficients have also been derived. Exploiting their properties, it is demonstrated that the synthesis method essentially turns out to be an exercise of solving a set of linear, simultaneous, algebraic equations, whose solution directly yields the ladder network elements. The proposed solution is novel, simple and guarantees a unique network. Presently, the formulation can synthesise a unique ladder network up to six sections.
Neural adaptive finite-time dynamic surface control for the PMSM system with time delays and asymmetric time-varying output constraint

This paper presents a neural adaptive finite-time dynamic surface control for the permanent magnet synchronous motor system with time delays and asymmetric time-varying output constraint. The core challenge is how to address the time delays and asymmetric output constraint when designing a finite-time control scheme. Given this, a proper Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional is introduced to address time delays, and a nonlinear transformation function is considered to convert the output-constrained problem into an unconstrained one. Then, a neural adaptive finite-time dynamic surface control approach is devised in the finite-time backstepping framework, which applies neural networks to estimate the unknown nonlinear functions and introduces first-order filters to solve the “explosion of complexity” problems. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that all the signals of the resulting system are finite-time stable and the tracking error converges to a neighborhood of origin in finite time without violating the output constraint. Finally, the simulation results show that the integration of squared error results, the integral of time and absolute error results as well as the integration of absolute value error results of the proposed scheme is smaller than the tested scheme by 0.3458 R a d 2 , 22.2977 R a d ⋅ s , and 2.2513 R a d , respectively, when the time delays are considered. It further elucidates the availability and superiority of the developed method.
Detection of back-reflected SHG from corneal histological sections

The feasibility of using reflective surfaces to increase the detection of SHG signals from corneal histological sections in the backward direction was attempted. Three reflective surfaces were tested: aluminum foil, a silver mirror, and a dielectric mirror with specific high reflectivity around 400 nm. To compare the SHG signal detected with and without reflective surfaces, the translation caused by the bending of the sample due to the extra weight on top of the microscope slide was determined. All reflective surfaces resulted in an increase of the detection of SHG signals. Increases of 4%, 11%, and 16% were observed for aluminum foil, dielectric mirror and silver mirror, respectively. A method for increased detection of backward SHG signals when forward detection is not possible was herein demonstrated.
Blackfold as a Conformal Fluid

In this paper we review some properties of higher dimensional black holes. In that case we take advantages of fluid/gravity duality and obtain the fluid properties of higher dimensional black holes on the boundary. So we consider two natural and charged blackfold cases and extract the Brown-York stress energy tensor (tensor of fluid) on the boubdary. As we konw, the compactification of some directions in any asymptotically AdS black branes corresponds to some kind of Ricci-flat spacetime. For example the nautral black holes spacetime is Ricci-flat. So by calculating the AAdS form of that metric the dual renormalized holographic stress tensor has been exracted. This stress tensor is conserved and traceless, also it is same as perfect fluid.
The effect of Vitamins C and E on clinical outcomes of patients with severe traumatic brain injury: A propensity score matching study

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Vitamins C and E on mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay, and Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOS-E) score of traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. Methods: Using data from records of patients in a retrospective cohort study, we included 1321 TBI patients, 269 treated and 1052 untreated, aged over 18 years with information on exposure (i.e., Vitamins C and E) and confounders. Age, Glasgow Coma Scale, pupil status, Rotterdam classification, blood sugar, blood pressure, international normalized ratio, and comorbidity of patients were considered as the confounding factors. Endpoints were GOS-E on follow-up, mortality, and ICU length of stay. Propensity score matching was performed to adjust the confounders. Results: Based on the average treatment effect estimates, the use of Vitamins C and E reduced the risk of mortality (risk difference [RD]: −0.07; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.14–−0.003) and reduced the length of ICU stay (RD -1.77 95% CI:-3.71-0.16). Furthermore, our results showed that GOS-E was improved significantly (RD: 0.09, 95% CI : 0.03-0.16). Conclusion: Our study suggests that using Vitamins C and E could decrease mortality and length of ICU stay and improve the GOS-E score and functions of the patients with severe TBI. As they are safe and inexpensive medications, they can be used in routine practice in ICUs to improve the outcomes of TBI patients.
Developing a Graph Analytics Code : An Analysis of the Chapel Programming Environment.

We previously reported on our implementation of a Chapel version of a linear algebra based graph hitting time code [1] from an existing MATLAB code. Creating the Chapel implementation was essentially a direct translation, on a Mac laptop, though of course with the manual definition and incorporation of the sparse matrix and vector domains, followed by memory allocation statements. From this experience, the developer of this algorithm, who is not a high performance computing (HPC) expert, now believes that he can perform his algorithm research directly in Chapel, enabling immediate exploration using large data sets on his target HPC machines. This expressiveness, combined with performance portability and robustness, provides a strong case for adoption of the Chapel programming language by the HPC community. Yet adoption of any new programming language is rightfully challenging [2]. In addition to the productivity characteristics listed above, we believe that the success of a programming language also depends on the programming environment presented to the code developer. In this talk we discuss Chapel’s programming environment, within the context of our experiences developing and analyzing code the reference code as well as other applications.
RECONSTRUCTION OF THE CORONAL MAGNETIC FIELD USING THE CESE–MHD METHOD

We present a new implementation of the MHD relaxation method for reconstruction of the nearly force-free coronal magnetic field from a photospheric vector magnetogram. A new numerical MHD scheme is proposed to solve the full MHD equations by using the spacetime conservation-element and solution-element method. The bottom boundary condition is prescribed in a similar way as in the stress-and-relax method, by changing the transverse field incrementally to match the magnetogram, and other boundaries of the computational box are set by the nonreflecting boundary conditions. Applications to the well-known benchmarks for nonlinear force-free-field reconstruction, the Low & Lou force-free equilibria, validate the method and confirm its capability for future practical application, with observed magnetograms as inputs.
Metal-related gate sinking due to interfacial oxygen layer in Ir/InAlN high electron mobility transistors

We report on an annealing-induced “gate sinking” effect in a 2-nm-thin In0.17Al0. 83N/AlN barrier high electron mobility transistor with Ir gate. Investigations by transmission electron microscopy linked the effect to an oxygen containing interlayer between the gate metal and the InAlN layer and revealed diffusion of oxygen into iridium during annealing. Below 700 °C the diffusion is inhomogeneous and seems to occur along grain boundaries, which is consistent with the capacitance-voltage analysis. Annealing at 700 °C increased the gate capacitance over a factor 2, shifted the threshold voltage from +0.3 to +1 V and increased the transconductance from 400 to 640 mS/mm.
A Comparative Study by Simulation of OSPF and EIGRP Routing Protocols

Computer networks are based on technology that provides the technical infrastructure where routing protocols are used to transmit packets over the Internet. Routing protocols define how routers communicate with each other by distributing information. They are used to describe how routers communicate with each other, learn available routes, build routing tables, make routing decisions, and share information between neighbors. The main purpose of routing protocols is to determine the best route from source to destination. A particular case of a routing protocol operating within an autonomous system is called an internal routing protocol (IGP – Interior Gateway Protocol). The article analyzes the problem of correctly choosing a routing protocol. Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) and Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) are considered leading routing protocols for real-time applications. For this they are chosen to be studied. The main objective of the study is to compare the proposed routing protocols and to evaluate them based on different performance indicators. This assessment is carried out theoretically – by analyzing their characteristics and action, and practically – through simulation experiments. After the study of the literature, the simulation scenarios and quantitative indicators by which the performance of the protocols is compared are defined. First, a network model with OSPF is designed and simulated using the OPNET Modeler simulator. Second, EIGRP is implemented in the same network scenario and a new simulation is done. The implementation of the scenarios shall collect the necessary results and analyze the operation of the two protocols. The data shall be derived and an assessment and conclusion shall be made against the defined quantitative indicators.
A novel approach for the determination of birefringence dispersion in nematic liquid crystals by using the continuous wavelet transform

Transmittance spectra of 5CB and ZLI-6000 coded nematic liquid crystals were acquired in the 12 600– 22 200 cm−1 region at room temperature. The continuous wavelet transform using the Morlet wavelet was applied to analyse the transmittance signal. Dispersion curves of the birefringence were obtained for 5CB and ZLI-6000 by this analysis and data were fitted to the Cauchy formula whereby the dispersion parameters were extracted. Results are found to be in favourable accordance with the published values.
Irradiation Conservation of Cultural Heritage

Natural polymers, including cellulose, lignin, or collagen, are biodegradable. This is a great chance for the world in the time-perspective. In their lack, the world was supposed to be already collapsed for a long time under a huge amount of wastes. Biodegradation is due to the insects and microorganisms like bacteria or fungi. For them natural polymers are nutrients. Water, oxygen, polluting gases from the atmosphere, acids (from soil in the case of buried objects or those produced into the paper during its aging), temperature, and light are other aggressive agents inducing structural modification. The mentioned physical and chemical factors may independently act and/or synergistically interfere in biodegradation.
Fast Convergence of Regress-Later Estimates in Least Squares Monte Carlo

Many problems in financial engineering involve the estimation of unknown conditional expectations across a time interval. Often Least Squares Monte Carlo techniques are used for the estimation. One method that can be combined with Least Squares Monte Carlo is the "Regress-Later" method. Unlike conventional methods where the value function is regressed on a set of basis functions valued at the beginning of the interval, the "Regress-Later" method regresses the value function on a set of basis functions valued at the end of the interval. The conditional expectation across the interval is then computed exactly for each basis function. We provide sufficient conditions under which we derive the convergence rate of Regress-Later estimators. Importantly, our results hold on non-compact sets. We show that the Regress-Later method is capable of converging significantly faster than conventional methods and provide an explicit example. Achieving faster convergence speed provides a strong motivation for using Regress-Later methods in estimating conditional expectations across time.