Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transforming Growth Factor β Activation of c-Abl Is Independent of Receptor Internalization and Regulated by Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase and PAK2 in Mesenchymal Cultures*

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) modulates a number of cellular phenotypes as divergent as growth stimulation and growth inhibition. Although the Smad pathway is critical for many of these responses, recent evidence indicates that Smad-independent pathways may also have a critical role. One such protein previously shown to regulate TGF-β action independent of the Smad proteins is the c-Abl nonreceptor tyrosine kinase. In the current study we determined that TGF-β receptor signaling activates c-Abl kinase activity in a subset of fibroblast but not epithelial cultures. This cell type-specific response occurs in a membrane-proximal locale independent of receptor internalization and upstream of dynamin action. Although c-Abl activation by TGF-β is independent of Smad2 or Smad3, it is prevented by inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase or PAK2. Thus, c-Abl represents a target downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-activated PAK2, which differentiates TGF-β signaling in fibroblasts and epithelial cell lines and integrates serine/threonine receptor kinases with tyrosine kinase pathways.
Micropolluants organiques dans les eaux de ruissellement urbaines -Effets de différents modes de gestion des eaux pluviales

Resume Les concentrations en certains micropolluants organiques (HAP, PCB, alkylphenols) ont ete mesurees dans les retombees atmospheriques, dans les eaux de ruissellement d'un petit bassin versant residentiel amont draine par un reseau separatif et a l'exutoire de trois bassins versants dont les eaux pluviales sont controlees a la source. Les concentrations mesurees sur le petit bassin versant en amont du reseau separatif apparaissent faibles par rapport a ce qui a ete trouve dans la litterature pour des bassins versants plus grands, ce qui montre l'interet, pour des objectifs de qualite, de gerer les eaux pluviales des l'amont, afin d'eviter les contaminations par melange ou dans le reseau. De plus, a l'aide d'outils de modelisation, nous avons montre que les systemes de controle a la source permettaient une reduction importante des masses de contaminants dans les eaux pluviales. Le niveau d'abattement est lie au type de substances considerees, au type et au fonctionnement de l'ouvrage, et est surtout fortement lie a la reduction des volumes d'eau de ruissellement, les resultats ne mettant pas systematiquement en evidence la reduction des concentrations mais la reduction des masses rejetees.
Long-term eﬀects of surface-water temperature increase on plankton communities in artiﬁcially heated lakes: insights from eDNA metabarcoding.

Increased surface-water temperatures are predicted to drive dramatic changes to planktonic communities, with consequences for freshwater biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. A large number of short-term mesocosm studies reported temperature-driven changes in plankton, but comparatively few studies captured long-term changes. We used water eDNA metabarcoding to examine communities of phytoplankton, zooplankton
Agriculture in the South Cone ¿What is known, what needs to be known?

The growing global demand for food has promoted grain production in four countries from the South Cone (Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Uruguay). The increment in productivity of the last 20 years has been based mainly in aggressive land incorporation to agriculture, especially with soybeans, and a drastic reduction of the areas under pastures, and, in a minor scale, for yield increments. Yield increments of wheat and corn in the region are interesting; however, they will not be enough to satisfy the demand by 2050 which requires duplication in yields. The South Cone land expansion and grain yield increments have had positive and negative impacts. Among the positive impacts are the increased productivity and the consequent social and economic benefit, industry development, and greater food security. On the other hand, expansion and yield increment have also had economic and social negative impacts such as water and wind erosion, soil salinization, decrements in soil organic matter content, desertification, soil compaction, soil fertility reduction, diffuse soil, water and air pollution, presence of resistant weeds, biodiversity Siembra 2 (2015) 103–115 / Recibido: 15 de junio de 2015 / Aceptado: 22 de julio de 2015 ISSN: 1390-8928 104 Agricultura en el Cono Sur ¿Qué se conoce, qué falta por conocer losses, reduction in inputs and resources use efficiency, and land concentration and reduction in job opportunities. Several of these negative impacts have contributed to the yield stagnation in many agro systems of the region. This article discusses aspects related to soil and crop management in the production systems of the region regarding: 1) its actual complexity (what is known), and 2) concepts and lines of work which can contribute to a sustainable agriculture (¿what needs be known? ).
E uropean X tramile C entre of A frican S tudies (EXCAS) EXCAS Working Paper

Globally, investments in physical and human capital have been identified to foster real economic growth and development in any economy. Investments, which could be domestic or foreign, have been established in the literature as either complements or substitutes in varying scenarios. While domestic investments bring about endogenous growth processes, foreign investment, though may be exogenous to growth, has been identified to bring about productivity and ecological spillovers. In view of these competing – conflicting perspectives, this chapter examines the differential impacts of domestic and foreign investments on green growth in Nigeria during the period 1970-2017. The empirical evidence is based on Auto-regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and Granger causality estimates. Also, the study articulates the prospects for growth sustainability via domestic or foreign investments in Nigeria. The results show that domestic investment increases CO2 emissions in the short run while foreign investment decreases CO2 emissions in the long run. When the dataset is decomposed into three sub-samples in the light of cycles of investments within the trend analysis, findings of the third sub-sample (i.e. 2001-2017) reveal that both types of investments decrease CO2 emissions in the long run while only domestic investment has a negative effect on CO2 emissions in the short run. This study therefore concludes that as short-run distortions even out in the long-run, FDI and domestic investments has prospects for sustainable development in Nigeria through green growth.
ATMOSPHERIC INPUTS OF POLLUTANTS TO THE SEA AND THEIR EFFECTS ON MARINE ENVIRONMENT AND ECOSYSTEM

The study of atmospheric inputs to the sea has become a new focus of biogeochemical cycle in the past few years. Fluxes of atmospheric pollutants to the sea, the effects of atmospheric input on marine environment and ecosystem, and study projects on this point are reviewed. The atmospheric deposition fluxes/proportions of atmospheric versus riverine inputs of nutrients, aerosol, heavy metals and some persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are given. It is shown that the amount of nitrogen from atmosphere to the sea is about 20%～50% of the total input from atmosphere and rivers, and the atmospheric inputs of PAH, PCB, DDT and heavy metals, such as Pb, Cd, Cu, Fe are 50%～80% of the total inputs. The different effects of nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, heavy metals and POPs, such as PAH, PCBs and pesticides on marine environment and ecosystem are discussed. Nutrients, nitrogen and phosphorus from atmosphere deposition are important factor to enhance new primary production in open seas, but have some positive influence on the nutrificated coastal oceans. More and more species of POPs and heavy metals are detected in water and sediment in the sea, which may prevent the production of phytoplankton and change the natural structure of marine ecosystem.
viposition of Aedes aegypti Linnaeus , 1762 and Aedes albopictus kuse , 1894 ( Diptera : Culicidae ) under laboratory and field conditions sing ovitraps associated to different control agents , Manaus , mazonas , Brazil illiam

The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of different control agents of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus associated with ovitraps under laboratory and field conditions. Five treatments were used: grass infusion + Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (gI + Bti), grass infusion + Saccharopolyspora spinosa (gI + Ss), grass infusion + Pyriproxyfen (gI + P), distilled water + Toxorhynchites haemorrhoidalis (dW + Th), and grass infusion (gI) (control). The highest mean number of eggs of both species were obtained with grass infusion in the laboratory. Among control agents, the lowest mean of A. aegypti eggs occurred with gI + Ss and the lowest mean of A. albopictus eggs occurred with dW + Th. There was no difference between treatments in A. aegypti (P = 0.4320) and A. albopictus (P = 0.7179). In the field, the highest mean number ontrol
Palaeovalleys in foreland ramp settings: what happens as accommodation decreases down dip?

Recent advances in our understanding of palaeovalleys are largely guided by examples from passive margins, in which accommodation increases down depositional dip. This study tests these models against a dataset from the Pennsylvanian Breathitt Group of the central Appalachian foreland basin, USA. This fluvio‐deltaic succession contains extensive erosionally based fluvio‐estuarine sand bodies that can be tracked over 80 km down depositional dip from a proximal zone of high accommodation close to the orogenic margin to a distal, lower accommodation zone close to the cratonic margin of the basin. The sand bodies are up to 25 m thick, multi‐storey and characterized in their lower parts by strongly amalgamated storeys containing sandy fluvial to estuarine bar accretion elements, and in their middle to upper parts by more fully preserved storeys up to 10 m thick and laterally extensive over 100s of metres. The upper storeys include abandonment channel‐fills of heterolithic marine or marginal marine deposits or muddy to sandy point‐bar elements. Three major regional‐scale architectures include: (i) Tabular sand bodies that everywhere incise open marine prodelta and mouth bar facies and are interpreted as palaeovalleys formed during falling stage and lowstand systems tracts, when eustatic sea‐level fall outpaced tectonic subsidence across the entire study area. (ii) Sand bodies that incise genetically related floodplain lake and/or bay‐fill minor mouth bar deposits up depositional dip and open marine prodelta and mouth bar facies down dip. These stacked distributary channel deposits map down dip into palaeovalleys and formed when up dip subsidence rate resulted in positive, but reduced rate of accommodation creation, while lower tectonic subsidence rate down‐dip resulted in incision. (iii) Sand bodies that incise genetically related floodplain, lake and/or bay‐fill minor mouth bars up dip and pass down‐dip into genetically related unconfined floodplain, prodelta and mouth bar deposits. These sand bodies represent stacked distributary channel fills and channel amalgamation was the product of high rates of lateral migration, typical of the behaviour of channels above their backwater reach. Case (2) sand bodies demonstrate that in rapidly subsiding foreland basins, cross‐shelf palaeovalleys may form down depositional dip from aggradational, distributive fluival strata. Additionally, the genetic relationship between stacked distributary channels and palaeovalleys supports recent models for palaeovalley formation that emphasize diachronous, cut‐and‐fill during falling stage and lowstands of relative sea level.
Characteristics of stratospheric warming events during Northern winter

The strong interest in Sudden Stratospheric Warmings (SSWs) is motivated by their role in the two‐way stratospheric‐tropospheric dynamical coupling. While most studies only investigate major SSWs (vortex breakdown), the minor ones (strong vortex deceleration) are overlooked. This work aims at overcoming this gap by providing a comprehensive description of stratospheric warming events without a priori distinctions between major and minor SSWs, leading to a more complete estimate of the stratospheric variability. Warming events are extracted from reanalysis data sets by means of a midstratospheric polar cap temperature daily index. Events are characterized by a bimodal distribution in amplitude, with a broad peak at small amplitudes (inferior to 5K) and a sharp peak at around 9K. Due to the intrinsic polar vortex dynamics, the warming amplitude presents a distinct seasonal distribution. Small amplitude warmings mainly occur during early and late wintertime by contrast with the larger‐amplitude ones occurring during midwintertime. From mid‐November to mid‐March, the large‐amplitude warmings (i.e., strong warming events, SWEs) include both major and minor SSWs, as well as Canadian and Final warmings. Although major SSWs belong to the tail of the SWEs distribution, there is no clear distinction between the major and minor SSWs according to the considered properties of the events. Such result brings out the idea of “warming continuum. ” Furthermore, diagnostics of heat flux reveal that there is no statistical difference between SWEs with regard to their feedbacks on the planetary waves and hence on their potential influence into the troposphere.
A Distributed Trust Diffusion Protocol for Ad Hoc Networks

In this paper, we propose and evaluate a distributed protocol to manage trust diffusion in ad hoc networks. In this protocol, each node i maintains a "trust value" about an other node j which is computed both as a result of the exchanges with node j itself and as a function of the opinion that other nodes have about j. These two aspects are respectively weighted by a trust index that measures the trust quality the node has in its own experiences and by a trust index representing the trust the node has in the opinions of the other nodes. Simulations have been realized to validate the robustness of this protocol against three kinds of attacks: simple coalitions, Trojan attacks and detonator attacks.
Investigation of the Ability of Filters to Stop Erosion through Cracks in Dams

To achieve resistance to cracking, most current filter criteria require that the filter should contain no more than 5% of material finer than the #200 sieve, and that this fine material should be non-plastic. This research study was conducted to investigate whether there specifications do, in fact, result in filters that can be relied upon to slump, fill cracks, and prevent interval erosion in embankment dams.
Fossil Mammals of Asia: Neogene Biostratigraphy and Chronology

One may be forgiven for believing, on the basis of the title, that this book is similar in content and intent to some other recent major compilations of continent-wide mammalian fossil records, such as Janis et al. (1998, 2008) and Werdelin and Sanders (2010). However, Fossil Mammals of Asia is a very different beast. Unlike the aforementioned publications, which are largely compilations of fossil taxa by group, Fossil Mammals of Asia ,a s indicated by its subtitle, ‘Neogene Biostratigraphy and Chronology,’ focuses on land mammal biostratigraphy of the Asian Neogene. Thus, the reader of this book should not expect comprehensive lists of taxa found at Asian fossil mammal sites, although there are certainly some such lists included in the book, but can instead expect much information regarding Asian biostratigraphy and its correlation (or not) with Europe. The book is subdivided into five sections, four of which concern different Asian regions (east, south and southeast, north and central, and west and adjacent regions), with a final fifth section dealing with zoogeography and paleoecology. Coverage is generally good, although for southeast Asia less so, but given the size of the undertaking, it is remarkable that so much is included. With 31 chapters, the book is far too extensive to allow for a chapter by chapter brief, so I can here only mention a few individual chapters, as well as make some general comments.
Postharvest losses and changes in physico-chemical properties of fruit (peaches, pears and oranges) at retail and during post-purchase storage

Postharvest fruit loss is a major challenge in addressing food security, sustainable management of resources and profitability of agribusiness. The incidence of postharvest loss and changes in physico-chemical properties of three types of fruit (peaches, pears and oranges) were evaluated at retail and during post-purchase storage. The amount of physical loss at the three retail outlets studied ranged from 3.61% to 18.09% among the fruit types, with the highest incidence occurring in peaches. The estimated annual national physical loss at retail was 418 tons for pears, 1000 tons for oranges, and 7 240 tons for peaches. Based on the WHO recommended 146 kg per capita per year consumption of fruit, the total loss of the three types of fruit was sufficient to meet the dietary fruit requirements of 50 000 people per annum. Similarly, based on the recommended daily allowance of 50 mg of ascorbic acid, these losses could meet the annual vitamin C needs of 82 000 people. The estimated monetary value of the losses at retail ranged from R2.2 million to R96.87 million per annum depending on fruit type and retail outlet. The land wasted to produce lost fruits was 1965 ha while energy wasted was 32.77 x 10 MJ. Greenhouse gas emission of the losses was 2870 tons CO2eq and total water footprint 68 0000 m. Losses were mainly due to the presence of severe physical damage, rots and physiological disorders. There were significant variations in physico-chemical properties of fruit of the same type from different retail outlet. Although ambient temperature storage improved fruit colour and some chemical constituents responsible for palatability, it was associated with high physical and nutritional (vitamin C) losses. Results from this study show that appropriate harvesting maturity, packaging and maximum care in fruit handling is essential in reducing postharvest losses. Efficient cold chain management and fruit inspection for rots and damages could help to reduce subsequent spoilage at retail and during post-purchase storage. Given that the incidence of postharvest fruit loss observed at retail is the result of cumulative effects along the supply chain, further studies are warranted to map fruit history and magnitude of losses along the value chain. Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
Cryptogenic Stroke

Cryptogenic stroke (CS) is defined as the infarction of the brain that is not attributable to a source of definite cradioembolic (CE), large artery atherosclerosis (LAA), or small artery disease (SAD) despite extensive vascular, cardiac and serologic evaluation. The term Cryptogenic stroke (CS) was first used in the National Institute of Neurologic Disease and Stroke (NINDS) Data bank1. The TOAST (trial of ORG10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment)1 classification of subtypes of acute ischaemic stroke conceived the term ‘Stroke of Undetermined etiology’. Similar terminology in the literature includes cryptogenous stroke, infracts of unknown, uncertain, or undetermined cause.
A New Approach to Describe Web Services

This paper is based on the theory of Finite State Automata (FSA's), models a web service as a FSA, extends WSDL for conceptually describing the behaviors of Web services, and introduces the concept of Temporal Logic of Actions (short for TLA) to describe and specify the behavior of a service in a formal way.
Environmental assessment of electrification of food industry for Denmark and France

To align energy demand with greenhouse gas emission reduction targets set by the COP21 or the EU Green Deal, electrification is one of the most promising options. Most studies on the electrification of industrial processes focus on energy and greenhouse gas emissions, while the other potential environmental impacts have often been overlooked. Hence, the proposed work aims to highlight the pros and cons of shifting to electricity thanks to a Life Cycle Assessment approach. Industrial heat productions for the Danish and French food industries are used as case study. The reference consists in heat production based on fossil fuel (i.e. gas and oil boilers mainly) while electrical boilers, mechanical heat pumps or mechanical steam recompression solutions are considered for shift to electricity. Different electrification scenarios are considered, including levels of electrification and technological development. To identify the most relevant environmental impacts, an assessment of the food industry sectors is performed. Different scenarios are evaluated according to the selected impact categories, allowing to assess the environmental trade-offs. Results show that an electrification of the food industry enables to meet a sustainable level for climate change in France and Denmark for the majority of industrial processes. However, several important drawbacks are identified with burden shifting to other impact categories that go beyond sustainable levels, e.g. particulate emissions impacting human health and mineral resource use. These findings highlight that it is difficult for one sector alone to be considered environmentally sustainable without looking at other sectors. Therefore, multi-sectoral studies should be carried out to assess the improvement potentials in each sector and identify the trade-offs between sectors in order to achieve sustainable industrial systems