Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Elevated urea nitrogen to creatinine ratio during hospitalization is associated with 90-day poor outcome in ICH patients

Background and Purpose: Dehydration is common in hospitalized patients and associated with poor outcome in ischemic stroke patients. Intracerebral hemorrhage patients use hyperosmolar agents frequently after admission,which may lead to dehydration.Since the blood urea nitrogen to creatinine ratio (BUN/Cr) is an indicator of dehydration,it is unknown whether there is a relationship between BUN/Cr ratio during hospitalization and clinical outcome of intracerebral hemorrhage patients. Mehtods: A total of 211 patients with supratentorial cerebral hemorrhage were included. Clinical data was collected retrospectively.BUN/Cr ratio on day 7 after onset (7dBUN/Cr ) was calculated.Poor outcome was defined as 90-day mRS>2. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the relationship between 7dBUN/Cr ratio and 90-day poor outcome. Receiver operating curve was used to determine the best cutoff of 7dBUN/Cr ratio for predicting poor outcome.Results: NIHSS score,hematoma volume and 7dBUN/Cr ratio were independently correlated with 90-day poor outcome. Under receiver operating curve, 7dBUN/Cr ratio exhibited similar prognostic capability, as compared to hematoma volume.The best cutoff for 7dBUN/Cr ratio to predict poor outcome was 22 in the hyperosmolar agents subgroup.Conclusions: Elevated BUN/Cr ratio at day 7 is associated with 90-day poor outcome in ICH patients. Further prospective study will be required to confirm this result and explore the value of BUN/Cr ratio in the application of hyperosmolar agents and hydration therapy.
A novel PRKDC mutation caused B lymphocytes V(D)J rearrangement disorder in the SLE-DAH like symptoms patient

Background Analyzed the clinical features and treatment process of the patient suffering from immunodeficiency with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)-like syndrome in a novel mutation of PRKDC. Case presentation The patient had multiple positive auto-antibodies, chest CT and bronchoscopy showed Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage(DAH), and psychiatric symptoms showed brain atrophy by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Whole exon sequencing showed that novel complex heterozygous mutations of PRKDC gene (C. 1777 − 710_1777-709INSA (IVS16/IC16), C.1337T > A(p.Phe446Tyr). The mature B cell (CD19 + CD27 + CD38 dimIgD IgM-) were absent. The treatment of high-dose methylprednisolone (MP) and cyclophosphamide(CTX) can quickly relieve the symptoms of the patient. Conclusion We described the case of an infant immunodeficiency with SLE like-syndrome, which may cause by PRKDC mutation, treated successfully with high-dose MP and CTX.
Evolution of chemosensory and detoxification gene families across herbivorous Drosophilidae

Abstract Herbivorous insects are exceptionally diverse, accounting for a quarter of all known eukaryotic species, but the genomic basis of adaptations that enabled this dietary transition remains poorly understood. Many studies have suggested that expansions and contractions of chemosensory and detoxification gene families—genes directly mediating interactions with plant chemical defenses—underlie successful plant colonization. However, this hypothesis has been challenging to test because the origins of herbivory in many insect lineages are ancient (>150 million years ago (mya)), obscuring genomic evolutionary patterns. Here, we characterized chemosensory and detoxification gene family evolution across Scaptomyza, a genus nested within Drosophila that includes a recently derived (<15 mya) herbivore lineage of mustard (Brassicales) specialists and carnation (Caryophyllaceae) specialists, and several nonherbivorous species. Comparative genomic analyses revealed that herbivorous Scaptomyza has among the smallest chemosensory and detoxification gene repertoires across 12 drosophilid species surveyed. Rates of gene turnover averaged across the herbivore clade were significantly higher than background rates in over half of the surveyed gene families. However, gene turnover was more limited along the ancestral herbivore branch, with only gustatory receptors and odorant-binding proteins experiencing strong losses. The genes most significantly impacted by gene loss, duplication, or changes in selective constraint were those involved in detecting compounds associated with feeding on living plants (bitter or electrophilic phytotoxins) or their ancestral diet (fermenting plant volatiles). These results provide insight into the molecular and evolutionary mechanisms of plant-feeding adaptations and highlight gene candidates that have also been linked to other dietary transitions in Drosophila.
Climate change and fluid status in children: early education as one response to an emerging public health problem

Abstract Objective: As global warming intensifies, residents of temperate regions will also face heat waves in the near future. Food habits are one component in addressing the global challenge of climate change. However, water, the most important food for humans, has not been adequately addressed. Design: For this commentary, on the one hand, publications on the increasing heat stress of children were consulted. On the other hand, publications on the special demands of children’s temperature regulation in hot environments on fluid balance were analysed. Setting: The situation of young children in care facilities on days with heat stress is presented as a scenario. In this way, the effects of climatic changes on fluid balance can be estimated and measures to reduce heat stress and stabilise the fluid balance of children can be developed. Participants: For this analysis, first, infants will be considered in order to identify their specific fluid needs. Second, the possibilities for caregivers to improve fluid intake and train appropriate drinking habits already in infancy will be highlighted. Results: Climate change should be included in recommendations on hydration for children. The need to adapt drinking habits requires educational approaches to weather and water – starting in early childhood care. Conclusions: In the face of rapid climate change, countries must act now by protecting, preparing and prioritising the high-risk group of children. Particular focus should be placed on supporting adequate hydration.
Pathogen and severity-dependent immune responses in bovine mastitis: highlight the dynamics of differential somatic cell count

Immune responses in bovine clinical mastitis (CM) probably differ depending on the causative pathogen and disease severity. The observational study aimed to investigate whether both factors are associated with the dynamics of immune indicators, including somatic cell score (SCS), white blood cell count (WBC), serum albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio, and differential somatic cell count (DSCC). We collected blood and milk samples 0, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 21 days after CM occurred in 38 cows, and grouped the cases (n=49) by disease severity and pathogen. We analyzed data using a linear mixed model considering the effects of pathogens and severity, calculated estimated-marginal means for indicators at each time point, and compared the means between groups. The dynamics of WBC varied depending on both pathogen and severity. WBC changed drastically in either severe or coliform-caused CM, slightly elevated in streptococcal mastitis, but unchanged in staphylococcal mastitis. This possibly relates to the deficiency in innate immune response toward staphylococci. The A/G ratio also changed depending on severity, as it dropped sharply only in severe CM. We observed a non-linear relationship between DSCC and SCS, possibly due to mammary epithelial cells shedding in milk when CM occurred. When cows recovering from Streptococcus dysgalatiae mastitis, DSCC decreased while SCS remained high, suggesting a healing process requiring more macrophages. Our results demonstrate that both the severity and pathogen are associated with immune responses in CM, providing insights into mastitis pathogenesis.
Comparison of Postoperative Outcome and Prognosis Among Laparoscopic Left Colectomy and Laparoscopic Sigmoidectomy in Sigmoid Colon Cancer Patients: A Propensity Score Matching Study

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of laparoscopic left colectomy (LLC) and laparoscopic sigmoidectomy (LSD) on short-term outcomes and prognosis of sigmoid colon cancer (SCC) patients using propensity score matching (PSM). Methods In this retrospective study, the SCC patients who underwent LLC or LSD surgery were collected from a single clinical center from Jan 2011 to Dec 2019. Short-term outcomes and prognosis were compared between patients who received LSD surgery and LLC surgery. Results A total of 356 patients were included in this study. After 1:1 PSM analysis, there were 50 patients who underwent LLC surgery and 50 patients who underwent LSD surgery left in this study. No significant difference was found in baseline characteristics after PSM (P > .05). In comparison with the LLC surgery group, the LSD surgery group had shorter operation time (P = .003) after PSM. Moreover, the surgical procedure was not an independent predictor for overall survival (OS) (P = .918, 95% CI = .333–2.688) and disease-free survival DFS (P = .730, 95% CI = .335–2.150), but age (OS: P = .009, 95% CI = 1.010–1.075; DFS: P = .014, 95% CI = 1.007–1.061) and tumor stage (OS: P = .004, 95% CI = 1.302–3.844; DFS: P < .01, 95% CI = 1.572–4.171) were the independent risk factors for OS and DFS in SCC patients. Conclusion There was no significant difference between the two surgical procedures for prognosis of SCC patients. However, the possible reasons for changing the surgical procedures should be cautious by surgeons.
Association Between History of Psychiatric Disorder and Degree of Physical Injury Among Suicide Attempters: Secondary Data Analysis in a Japanese Rural Area

Introduction: While there may be differences in the choice of suicide methods between attempters with and those without a history of psychiatric disorders, it is not clear whether these differences predict the actual degree of physical injury. The present study aimed to investigate the association between the history of psychiatric disorder and the degree of physical injury among suicide attempters in a Japanese rural area. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study analyzing secondary data of 806 suicide attempters from April 2012 to March 2022 obtained from a Japanese rural city. The exposure variable was a history of psychiatric disorders. The primary outcome was the degree of physical injury of suicide attempters: moderate and severe. We conducted a multivariate Poisson regression analysis to estimate the prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Among 806 suicide attempters, a significant negative association between the history of psychiatric disorder and the degree of physical injury was observed (PR = 0.40; 95% CI, 0.28-0.59). Those with and without psychiatric disorders were more likely to choose low- and severe-lethality suicide methods such as drug or psychotropic overdoses and hanging or deep wrist injuries, respectively (P < .001). Conclusions: The present study highlights the importance of considering suicide attempters, both with and without psychiatric disorders, while formulating targeted suicide prevention strategies.
Hydrodynamic controls on the movement of invertebrate larvae and organic matter in small streams

The movement of organisms and resources within ecosystems are essential elements in the productivity, stability, and distribution of communities. This thesis examines how water velocity, a defining factor of lotic systems, influences the dispersion of benthic organisms and particulate organic matter in small stream ecosystems. Variation in movement-related behaviours in two rheophilous (‘flow-loving’) mayflies (Epeorus and Baetis) and two rheophobic (‘flow-avoiding’) mayflies (Ameletus and Paraleptophlebia) were compared to determine how benthic organisms disperse between and within habitat patches in hydrodynamically complex landscapes. The degree to which water velocity and particle shape influence the retention of organic matter (including deciduous leaves, conifer needles, red-cedar fronds, and branch fragments) was examined to determine how physical factors determine detrital resource availability in streams. Although water velocity did not influence the crawling rates of Baetis and Ameletus in daylight conditions, both mayflies dispersed rapidly upstream in lowvelocity flows in dark conditions. Drift rates of both mayflies were lower in daylight than dark conditions, and were generally inversely related to their habitat preferences. Escape responses in grazing Epeorus, Baetis, and Ameletus larvae in a range of flow conditions showed that retreat distance was more sensitive than flight initiation distance to variation in water velocity, suggesting that
Palaeogene correlation in and around Svalbard

LivSiC (also transliterated Livshits) has worked since 1962 on the youngest (i.e. Palaeogene) rocks of the main sedimentary basin and platform of Spitsbergen. Part of the impetus and facility for Palaeogene studies stems from the fact that the main coal seams exploited in Spitsbergen by Norwegian and Soviet miners lie within the lowest strata of the Palaeogene sequence. The principal Soviet settlement is at Barentsburg where such a seam is mined and where most Soviet exploration has been based (Hoel, 1929).
The Etiology of Parkinson’s Disease: New Perspectives from Gene-Environment Interactions

Parkinson’s disease is now the most rapidly growing neurodegenerative disease worldwide. It is therefore critical to identify which factors, and to what extent, contribute to the multifactorial etiology of Parkinson’s disease. Here, we address two interesting elements from the perspective of genetics, namely (a) the estimated age of several genetic risk factors related to Parkinson’s disease; and (b) the relative contribution of genetics to the etiology of Parkinson’s disease, as derived from twin studies. Based on these two perspectives, we argue that most genetic risk factors are by themselves insufficient to explain the majority of Parkinson’s disease, and that environmental factors are required for these genetic factors to become pathophysiologically relevant.
Utilization of seismic attributes for reservoir mapping: A case study from the Cambay Basin, India

Multilayered Hazad sands of Middle Eocene age deposited in a deltaic environment are the main hydrocarbon producers in the south Cambay basin, India. These sands are broadly divided into 12 units (1 to 12) from bottom to top. These individual sand units are further subdivided into smaller subunits which are selectively charged and produce hydrocarbons in different parts of the south Cambay Basin. The study area covers a part of the Gandhar oilfield situated in the Broach-Jambusar block of the basin where subunits 3A and 12A have produced oil and gas in commercial quantities. Due to its widespread deposition and greater thickness, unit 3A was delineated and developed, based on conventional interpretation of 2D seismic data. The development strategy for unit 12A could not be completely resolved in the absence of a precise sand geometry map. A 3D seismic survey was carried out in the study area with one of the objectives being to map the lateral extent of thin pay sands exactly. According to the well data, the thickness of unit 12, consisting of subunits 12A, B and C, varies from 0 to 18 m, and wherever unit 12 is thicker, subunit 12A is present. Unit 12 is not resolved in the available seismic data but its seismic response is detectable. Synthetic seismic modelling has been carried out for a better understanding of the seismic response and for precise calibration. The seismic attributes extracted from the 3D data volume corresponding to unit 12 are utilized to generate a net thickness sand map of this unit using an artificial neural network technique. The sand geometry map of subunit 12A was prepared with the help of a net thickness map of unit 12 and well data. The thickness map of unit 12 helped in mapping the precise sand geometry of unit 12A and also an additional area for cost-effective exploration and development of this pay, which in turn improves the in-place reserves.
Impact of Renal Replacement Therapy on Rejection among Liver Transplant Recipients

Introduction: Renal dysfunction in liver transplant recipients is associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality, with an even higher risk among patients requiring renal replacement therapy. There is limited data evaluating rejection outcomes in patients requiring renal replacement therapy after liver transplant. Program evaluation aims: To evaluate the incidence of biopsy-proven acute rejection, recipient and graft survival, infection, renal dysfunction, and immunosuppression practices. Design: This was a single-center, retrospective, cohort study. To be eligible, patients were deceased donor liver transplant recipients ≥18 year of age transplanted between January 2017 and August 2019 who received steroid-only induction and tacrolimus as part of their initial immunosuppression regimen. Results: Recipients that required renal replacement therapy (N = 86) were compared to those who received no renal replacement therapy (N = 158). Biopsy-proven acute rejection at 1-year posttransplant was significantly higher among those requiring renal replacement therapy (36% vs 13%, P < .001). Patient survival at 12 months was 77% for those requiring renal replacement therapy and 94% for those not requiring renal replacement therapy (P < .001). Infection (HR 3.8, 95% CI 1.6-8.8; P < .001), but not rejection (HR 0.7, 95% CI 0.3-1.7; P = .5) was an independent predictor of mortality. The use of renal replacement therapy after liver transplant necessitated careful titration of immunosuppression to balance the detrimental risks of infection versus rejection in this high-risk population.
Global benchmarks in primary robotic bariatric surgery redefine quality standards for Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy

Abstract Background Whether the benefits of the robotic platform in bariatric surgery translate into superior surgical outcomes remains unclear. The aim of this retrospective study was to establish the ‘best possible’ outcomes for robotic bariatric surgery and compare them with the established laparoscopic benchmarks. Methods Benchmark cut-offs were established for consecutive primary robotic bariatric surgery patients of 17 centres across four continents (13 expert centres and 4 learning phase centres) using the 75th percentile of the median outcome values until 90 days after surgery. The benchmark patients had no previous laparotomy, diabetes, sleep apnoea, cardiopathy, renal insufficiency, inflammatory bowel disease, immunosuppression, history of thromboembolic events, BMI greater than 50 kg/m2, or age greater than 65 years. Results A total of 9097 patients were included, who were mainly female (75.5%) and who had a mean(s.d.) age of 44.7(11.5) years and a mean(s.d.) baseline BMI of 44.6(7.7) kg/m2. In expert centres, 13.74% of the 3020 patients who underwent primary robotic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and 5.9% of the 4078 patients who underwent primary robotic sleeve gastrectomy presented with greater than or equal to one complication within 90 postoperative days. No patient died and 1.1% of patients had adverse events related to the robotic platform. When compared with laparoscopic benchmarks, robotic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass had lower benchmark cut-offs for hospital stay, postoperative bleeding, and marginal ulceration, but the duration of the operation was 42 min longer. For most surgical outcomes, robotic sleeve gastrectomy outperformed laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy with a comparable duration of the operation. In robotic learning phase centres, outcomes were within the established benchmarks only for low-risk robotic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Conclusion The newly established benchmarks suggest that robotic bariatric surgery may enhance surgical safety compared with laparoscopic bariatric surgery; however, the duration of the operation for robotic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is longer.
Effects of enclosure on home range and resource selection: a comparison of two African elephant herds (Loxodonta Africana Africana)

Enclosed game reserves are at risk of local vegetation over-utilization and homogenization by elephant. Understanding how the elephant spatial distribution is coupled to their seasonal resources use can aid future management given the threat of climate change. A comparison of home ranges and core area sizes across seasons and years was made between an elephant herd outside in an open system, compared to the elephant inside Limpopo Lipadi Game and Wilderness Reserve (LLGWR). Location data, obtained by GPS-GSM technology, was used to determine seasonal home ranges and core areas by local convex hull (LoCoH) methods and to generate seasonal General Estimating Equations (GEE). Remote sensing data was used to determine habitat variables. The home ranges of the elephant herd outside as expected, was twice as large during summers and a third larger during winters than the elephant herd inside the fenced reserve. The influence of seasonal rainfall on home range size was reflected at home range scale for the outside herd and for the core area scale for the herd inside the reserve. Increased rainfall overcomes the ‘magnet effect’ of artificial waterholes on elephant distribution in the landscape only in the open system. Inside the reserve, contrary to expectation the winter home ranges were non-significantly larger than summer home ranges due to space limitation induced by fencing and permanent artificial waterhole density. Resource use was evaluated by using GEE models at a scale larger than established home ranges and therefore would reflect as home range determinants. The study confirms that elephant do not use resources randomly. A scale in resource selection of elephant cows exists, with distance to drainage lines at small scale preferred during winter, with aspect, slope, elevation, and NDVI at larger scales. Fencing furthermore, affects the scale at which selection occurs by limiting resource availability, especially during resource restrictive periods and limits range expansion during resource abundant periods. Elephant cows prefer gentle terrain, close to permanent water [<1.77km (SD inside the reserve, and <2.33km ( outside the reserve], moderately high NDVI, riparian vegetation during late winter and early summer if available. Generally, during lower rainfall periods lower elevations are preferred along the elevation gradient, and during higher rainfall periods, higher elevations. The elephant herd outside the reserve, furthermore prefer aspects in the landscape during hot summers that are cooling and cool winter aspects that are warming to facilitate energy saving and thermoregulation.