Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficient terahertz generation from van der Waals α-In2Se3

Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals materials have attracted tremendous attention due to their versatile physical properties and flexible manipulation approaches. Among the various types of van der Waals materials, α -In 2 Se 3 is remarkable for its intrinsic 2D ferroelectricity and high-performance opto-electronic properties. However, the study of the α -In 2 Se 3 system in terahertz (THz) radiation is scarce, although it is promising for electrically controlled THz field manipulation. We investigate the α -In 2 Se 3 in different thicknesses and report that the THz generation efficiency induced by femtosecond laser pulses can be largely improved by reducing the thickness from the bulk. Furthermore, we reveal the surge current in thin film coupled with THz emission exhibits a different Auger recombination mode, which is helpful in understanding the mechanism and provides insights into the design of 2D highly efficient THz devices.
SSR Linkages to Eight Additional Morphological Marker Traits

Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are PCR-amplified regions of two or three base DNA repeats. Primers were designed to anneal to DNA on either side of each repeated segment, so size differences in amplification products are caused by different numbers of repeats in different genotypes. PCR reactions are easy to set up, do not use any hazardous chemicals, and only take a few hours for amplification. Products can be separated on agarose or acrylamide gels and results can be obtained in one day, which make these molecular markers ideal for short-term projects. We have worked with high school students in the North Dakota Governor’s School to map morphological traits over the last several summers. This report describes the location of eight additional morphological markers through linkage to SSR markers.
Molecular mechanisms of corpus callosum development: a four-step journey

The Corpus Callosum (CC) is a bundle of axons connecting the cerebral hemispheres. It is the most recent structure to have appeared during evolution of placental mammals. Its development is controlled by a very complex interplay of many molecules. In humans it contains almost 80% of all commissural axons in the brain. The formation of the CC can be divided into four main stages, each controlled by numerous intracellular and extracellular molecular factors. First, a newborn neuron has to specify an axon, leave proliferative compartments, the Ventricular Zone (VZ) and Subventricular Zone (SVZ), migrate through the Intermediate Zone (IZ), and then settle at the Cortical Plate (CP). During the second stage, callosal axons navigate toward the midline within a compact bundle. Next stage is the midline crossing into contralateral hemisphere. The last step is targeting a defined area and synapse formation. This review provides an insight into these four phases of callosal axons development, as well as a description of the main molecular players involved.
Chinese Baijiu - Finding a channel to design a defined starter culture

Qu (a starter composed of multiple microbes, enzymes, and nutrients) is essential for initiating Chinese baijiu fermentation and is usually prepared in an open system to enrich the starter complex with microorganisms from the local environment. However, with the challenge of increasing manufacturing and labor costs, traditional spontaneous fermentation cannot meet the growing industrial needs for standardization and modernization. Nowadays, the development of a synthetic microbiota built up from selected and cultured microorganisms enables the repeatable, standardized production of fermented foods. The use of such synthetic microbiota to convert raw materials into foods can hopefully reproduce the smells and tastes of traditional products. This review critically summarizes the properties of traditional qu and discusses the potential of a defined synthetic microbiota to revolutionize the production of such fermentation starters for future baijiu production. The prospects and challenges in dealing with the identification, selection, cultivation, and incorporation of microbes into such synthetic microbiota (or new ecological complexes) are specifically related to developing a fully defined and effective mixed-starter culture for use in traditional fermented food production are detailed.
An Application Study on the Innovative Design of Electric Energy Saving for Different Heating Covers

The entry point of this research is to reduce energy demand through different hardware designs and changes in power management control. In the future, better energy saving effects and power control can be achieved by adding closed energy saving to the control of the power management system. Improve power usage efficiency. Comparative research on energy consumption of different heating methods aims to evaluate various methods in energy utilization. The energy consumption of different heating methods must also be based on the use of different insulation materials. Electric heating is a common form of heating, including the efficiency of the heating device, how long it has been used, and the source of electricity used. In addition, the comparison of different heating food surface insulation materials shows that in the cooking and food industry, insulation is a crucial factor to ensure that hot food is maintained at the appropriate temperature after preparation to ensure quality and safety. Different insulation materials can be used to achieve this goal, and each material has its own unique advantages and limitations. This research will use an innovative design to use different appearance material changes and power management feedback mechanisms, and then change the design and materials of different insulation surfaces under the same heating conditions through the power input of general household electricity (110V). The use of it can significantly reduce energy consumption and required heating power and achieve energy-saving effects, providing a reference for future innovative designs of energy conservation and carbon reduction.
Leveraging Massive MIMO Over mmWave Fronthaul Link for Throughput Maximization in Cloud Radio Access Networks

Massive data traffic over capacity-limited fronthaul link of a cloud radio access network (CRAN) poses a severe challenge in modern wireless systems. We propose a novel CRAN architecture to address this challenge that leverages a large array of antennas or massive MIMO at the baseband unit (BBU) to communicate with a set of distributed remote radio heads (RRHs) and subsequently serve multiple user equipment (UEs) over the access link. Transmission of data from massive MIMO at BBU takes place over a millimeter wave (mmWave) channel to exploit large bandwidth. The proposed architecture leverages a substantial array gain of massive MIMO in conjunction with a large idle mmWave frequency spectrum that can deal with a wide range of throughput requirements. In addition, a data compression strategy is designed by finding an optimal quantization noise covariance matrix across all the RRHs to handle the fronthaul traffic load. To this end, an optimization problem to maximize the sum rate of the UEs is thus formulated subject to constraints on fronthaul capacity, data compression, and total transmit powers at the BBU and RRHs. To solve this non-convex and intractable problem, a path following an iterative algorithm based on the difference of convex (DC) programming is used. The performance of the proposed architecture is evaluated in comparison with nontrivial benchmark schemes/architectures. Simulation results reveal that the proposed architecture can significantly improve the throughput of a CRAN by overcoming the fronthaul bottleneck by using massive MIMO over the mmWave channel.
Contribution of Earthworm to Bioremediation as a Living Machine: Bioremediation

The literature regarding the benefits of earthworms is fairly ancient. Aristotle, the Greek philosopher, referred to them as ‘intestines of earth’ because of their habit of ingesting and ejecting the soil. In the subtropical regions of Egypt and India, the success of the ancient civilization of the Nile and the Indus Valley was partly due to the fertile soils created by the activity of the earthworms and by the continual renewal of the land by the alluvium process. During the Cleopatra era (69-30 BC), the earthworm was declared a sacred animal in the ancient Egypt. Later Darwin remarked the earthworms have played more roles throughout the history of the world than any other animal. Besides to contribute in physical structure and nutritive value of the soil by burrowing and feeding they can also be a potential pollution hazard. They are useful tool in environment monitoring and are good indicators of condition of soils. This chapter reviews soil contamination that influences earthworms and how they cope-up in contaminated environment.
Genome analysis of “Candidatus Aschnera chinzeii,” the bacterial endosymbiont of the blood-sucking bat fly Penicillidia jenynsii (Insecta: Diptera: Nycteribiidae)

Insect–microbe endosymbiotic associations are omnipresent in nature, wherein the symbiotic microbes often play pivotal biological roles for their host insects. In particular, insects utilizing nutritionally imbalanced food sources are dependent on specific microbial symbionts to compensate for the nutritional deficiency via provisioning of B vitamins in blood-feeding insects, such as tsetse flies, lice, and bedbugs. Bat flies of the family Nycteribiidae (Diptera) are blood-sucking ectoparasites of bats and shown to be associated with co-speciating bacterial endosymbiont “Candidatus Aschnera chinzeii,” although functional aspects of the microbial symbiosis have been totally unknown. In this study, we report the first complete genome sequence of Aschnera from the bristled bat fly Penicillidia jenynsii. The Aschnera genome consisted of a 748,020 bp circular chromosome and a 18,747 bp circular plasmid. The chromosome encoded 603 protein coding genes (including 3 pseudogenes), 33 transfer RNAs, and 1 copy of 16S/23S/5S ribosomal RNA operon. The plasmid contained 10 protein coding genes, whose biological function was elusive. The genome size, 0.77 Mbp, was drastically reduced in comparison with 4–6 Mbp genomes of free-living γ-proteobacteria. Accordingly, the Aschnera genome was devoid of many important functional genes, such as synthetic pathway genes for purines, pyrimidines, and essential amino acids. On the other hand, the Aschnera genome retained complete or near-complete synthetic pathway genes for biotin (vitamin B7), tetrahydrofolate (vitamin B9), riboflavin (vitamin B2), and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (vitamin B6), suggesting that Aschnera provides these vitamins and cofactors that are deficient in the blood meal of the host bat fly. Similar retention patterns of the synthetic pathway genes for vitamins and cofactors were also observed in the endosymbiont genomes of other blood-sucking insects, such as Riesia of human lice, Arsenophonus of louse flies, and Wigglesworthia of tsetse flies, which may be either due to convergent evolution in the blood-sucking host insects or reflecting the genomic architecture of Arsenophonus-allied bacteria.
Exploring Spatial Scale in Geography

DESCRIPTION Exploring Spatial Scale in Geography provides a conceptual and practical guide to issues of spatial scale in all areas of the physical and social sciences. Scale is at the heart of geography and other spatial sciences. Whether dealing with geomorphological processes, population movements or meteorology, a consideration of spatial scale is vital. Exploring Spatial Scale in Geography takes a practical approach with a core focus on real world problems and potential solutions. Links are made to appropriate software environments with an associated website providing access to guidance material which outlines how particular problems can be approached using popular GIS and spatial data analysis software.
Highlights of orthognathic surgery in class II patients: a systematic review

Introduction: Orthognathic surgery is indicated to modify the position of the maxillomandibular structure, which may cause changes in the sagittal position of the mandibular condyle in individuals with retrognathism and mandibular prognathism. In the context of orthognathic surgery, anterior open bite (AOB) is an easily recognized malocclusion and presents only aesthetic and functional problems. Objective: Foi desenvolver uma revisão sistemática para apresentar as principais considerações da cirurgia ortognática em pacientes classe II. Methods: The PRISMA Platform systematic review rules were followed. The search was carried out from October to December 2023 in the Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: A total of 88 articles were found, 40 articles were evaluated in full and 20 were included and developed in the present systematic review study. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 21 studies with a high risk of bias and 21 studies that did not meet GRADE and AMSTAR-2. Most studies did not show homogeneity in their results, with X2=57.5%>50%. The etiology of anterior open bite is multifactorial and may be caused by environmental and hereditary factors. Class II patients may have significantly greater amounts of lateral and inferior translation than class III patients. Two-jaw surgery for open bite correction led to different directions and amounts of condylar rotational displacement in patients with skeletal class II malocclusion. Treatment can be carried out through preventive, interceptive, corrective, or even surgical treatments. The differentiated bonding of brackets to the anterior teeth is also a very useful resource for the treatment of anterior open bite.
Multi D-norm Driven Algorithm Unfolding Network: A Rolling Bearing Fault Feature Extraction Method

The deconvolution method (DM) is an effective tool for enhancing the impulsive features of rolling bearings. Deep network-based deconvolution methods transform complex numerical computations into network optimization, improving the performance of DMs. However, current deep deconvolution methods do not consider the possibility of utilizing nonlinear operations to further enhance the performance. Inspired by convolutional sparse learning and algorithm unfolding, a bearing fault feature extraction method, Multi D-norm driven algorithm unfolding network (MDN-AUN) is proposed. First, a convolutional sparse coding model is established with the fault impulse as the target sparse code. Then the Iterative Soft Thresholding Algorithm (ISTA) for solving the model is unfolded from the iterative direction and the algorithm unfolding network is generated. Finally, the multi D-norm, which can evaluate the periodicity and impulsiveness of the signal, is chosen as the objective function of the sparse code to train the neural network. MDN-AUN is compared with several deconvolution methods through simulation and real vibration signals. The results show that MDN-AUN has the superior ability to enhance the impulsive features, and the fault diagnosis performance is significantly better than the compared methods.
OPTIMIZATION OF LACCASE PRODUCTION BY CURVULARIA LUNATA USING MAIZE COB AS SUBSTRATE

Researchers are showing interest in laccase because it is able to degrade several lignocellulosic biomass. It is important to optimize laccase production to achieve higher yield at a lower cost using agricultural wastes. This study was aimed at optimizing the culture conditions for laccase production. Previously isolated and characterized laccase producing Curvularia lunata was collected from the laboratory of Microbiology department, ABU, Zaria. Maize cobs which were used as substrate were collected from Seed Processing Unit of Institute for Agricultural Research, Zaria and the proximate composition of the substrate was determined according to AOAC guideline. The optimum fermentation type for laccase production was determined after which the culture conditions for laccase production were optimized. Laccase activity was determination by guaiacol assay. The proximate compositions of the maize cob were found to be Moisture content (3.18%), Crude protein (2.50%), Crude fat (32.20%), Crude fibre (3.15), Ash content (1.88%) and Carbohydrate content (57.09%). Higher laccase activity was recorded under solid state fermentation compared to submerged fermentation. The optimum culture conditions were found to be inoculum size 3 x 5 mm, pH 5, incubation temperature 30 oC and incubation period of 6 days. The culture conditions for laccase production by Curvularia lunata using maize cob as substrate were optimized
Rainbow Rummy : A Web-based Game for Vocabulary Acquisition using Computer-directed Speech by Brandon Yoshimoto

Acquiring vocabulary in a foreign language is a long process which often involves the use of flashcards or cycling through long word lists for memorization. While many students learn effectively in this way, research at the Spoken Language Systems Group (SLS) has been exploring alternative methods which make use of speech recognition and generation technology. In this thesis, I designed and implemented a speech-enabled game to aid learners of Mandarin Chinese with this task of vocabulary acquisition. Our approach is, customizable, allowing user control of the vocabulary words, web-based, providing potential for widespread use, and game-based, engaging the user in an interactive session with a computer or another human player. We evaluated the feasibility of the game as a web-based CALL (Computer Aided Language Learning) system through its deployment for use by the general public. Secondly, we ran a study to measure the effect of computer-directed user speech on vocabulary acquisition in comparison to a system which only provides listening practice. Thesis Supervisor: Stephanie Seneff Title: Principal Research Scientist
Sistema de Generación de la Web de beBee para usuarios anónimos

El proyecto consiste en la creacion de un sistema distribuido y escalable para la generacion de ficheros HTML estaticos que sustituyen la parte publica de la aplicacion web de la red social beBee para aumentar la velocidad de carga de dichas paginas y con ello mejorar el posicionamiento de la web en buscadores como Google. El desarrollo del sistema se ha realizado utilizando el lenguaje de programacion Python 2.7 debido a la alta velocidad que ofrece y la elevada cantidad de librerias disponibles para el. Tras barajar distintas opciones se concluyo que esta solucion seria la mas rapida en cuanto a la velocidad de carga de la web, la que menos recursos humanos necesitaria y la que se llevaria a cabo en menos tiempo. Se decidio apostar por ella pese a que requeriria mas capacidad de procesamiento (CPU) y mas espacio de almacenamiento, debido a que el coste del almacenamiento no es elevado. ---ABSTRACT---The project involves the development of a distributed and scalable system for generating HTML static files replacing the public part of the web application of social network beBee to increase the loading speed of these pages and thereby improve the web positioning on search engines like Google. The development of the system was performed using the programming language Python 2.7 due to the high speed offered and the high number of libraries available for it. After considering various options it was concluded that this would be the quickest solution regarding the loading speed of the web, the less human resources needed and which would be done in less time. It was decided to bet on it even though it would require more processing power (CPU) and more storage space, because the cost of storage is not high.
Champ de déformation du socle paléozoïque des Pyrénées

Cette these presente une etude structurale qualitative et quantitative du socle paleozoique des Pyrenees. Elle se base sur une etude de terrain et une compilation exhaustive et inedite des structures, harmonisees a l’echelle de toute la chaine des Pyrenees. A partir de cette base de donnees, nous avons construit le champ de deformation regional varisque produit au Paleozoique superieur (310-295 Ma). On montre que lors du raccourcissement regional majeur, la deformation est partitionnee entre une croute superieure s’epaississant en regime transpressif et une croute inferieure fluant lateralement. Une zone d’ « attachement » a permis de maintenir la coherence cinematique entre ces deux domaines aux comportements structuraux contrastes. Le fluage lateral au sein de la croute inferieure permet l’emplacement de domes extensifs dans ce contexte convergent. Le refroidissement progressif de la croute favorise i) le couplage mecanique progressif entre ces deux domaines et ii) une localisation de la deformation dans des zones de cisaillement transpressives verticales d’echelle crustale. Bien que situees dans l’avant-pays de la chaine varisque, les Pyrenees enregistrent une deformation typique d’une lithosphere anormalement chaude. Ce contexte thermique est l’expression d’une delamination progressive du manteau lithospherique initiee dans les zones internes de l’orogene et qui a permis la fermeture de la syntaxe ibero-armoricaine ainsi que l’echappement lateral de la croute ductile pyreneenne pris dans cette syntaxe. L’analyse quantitative du champ de deformation a partir d’outils geostatistiques montre que ce champ resulte d’une deformation assimilable a un cisaillement pur produit par un raccourcissement NS tandis que la composante dextre de la transpression se concentre aux bordures de plutons ou de domes. Ainsi, la mise en place de ces objets structuraux gouverne l’heterogeneite du champ de deformation. La coherence du champ de deformation varisque met en question l’existence de nappes de socle lors de la construction du prisme orogenique pyreneen a partir du Cretace superieur. En dehors de la bordure ouest et sud de la Zone Axiale, le socle n’est affecte que par des reactivations mineures, y compris dans les Pyrenees centrales ou le chevauchement de Nogueres ne peut etre enracine. Ce chevauchement correspondrait plutot a un decollement dans les series paleozoiques superieures, impliquant des quantites de raccourcissement moindres durant la collision pyreneenne que celles calculees precedemment.