Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Activity, Template Preference, and Compatibility of Components of RNA Replicase of Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus

Infection of EEEV in humans can cause serious neurologic disease with an approximately 30% fatality rate. Although human infections are rare, a record-breaking number was documented in 2019. ABSTRACT Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) usually cycles between Culiseta melanura mosquitoes and birds; however, it can also infect humans. EEEV has a positive-sense RNA genome that, in infected cells, serves as an mRNA for the P1234 polyprotein. P1234 undergoes a series of precise cleavage events producing four nonstructural proteins (nsP1–4) representing subunits of the RNA replicase. Here, we report the construction and properties of a trans-replicase for EEEV. The template RNA of EEEV was shown to be replicated by replicases of diverse alphaviruses. The EEEV replicase, on the other hand, demonstrated limited ability in replicating template RNAs originating from alphaviruses of the Semliki Forest virus complex. The replicase of EEEV was also successfully reconstructed from P123 and nsP4 components. The ability of EEEV P123 to form functional RNA replicases with heterologous nsP4s was more efficient using EEEV template RNA than heterologous alphavirus template RNA. This finding indicates that unlike with previously studied Semliki Forest complex alphaviruses, P123 and/or its processing products have a leading role in EEEV template RNA recognition. Infection of HEK293T cells harboring the EEEV template RNA with EEEV or Western equine encephalitis virus prominently activated expression of a reporter encoded in the template RNA; the effect was much smaller for infection with other alphaviruses and not detectable upon flavivirus infection. At the same time, EEEV infection resulted only in a limited activation of the template RNA of chikungunya virus. Thus, cells harboring reporter-carrying template RNAs can be used as sensitive and selective biosensors for different alphaviruses. IMPORTANCE Infection of EEEV in humans can cause serious neurologic disease with an approximately 30% fatality rate. Although human infections are rare, a record-breaking number was documented in 2019. The replication of EEEV has a unique requirement for host factors but is poorly studied, partly because the virus requires biosafety level 3 facilities which can limit the scope of experiments; at the same time, these studies are crucial for developing antiviral approaches. The EEEV trans-replicase developed here contributes significantly to research on EEEV, providing a safe and versatile tool for studying the virus RNA replication. Using this system, the compatibility of EEEV replicase components with counterparts from other alphaviruses was analyzed. The obtained data can be used to develop unique biosensors that provide alternative methods for detection, identification, quantitation, and neutralization of viable alphaviruses that are compatible with high throughput, semiautomated approaches.
3D finite-difference frequency-domain modeling of visco-acoustic wave propagation using a massively parallel direct solver: A feasibility study

We present a finite-difference frequency-domain method for 3D visco-acoustic wave propagation modeling. In the frequency domain, the underlying numerical problem is the resolution of a large sparse system of linear equations whose right-hand side term is the source. This system is solved with a massively parallel direct solver. We first present an optimal 3D finite-difference stencil for frequency-domain modeling. The method is based on a parsimonious staggered-grid method. Differential operators are discretized with second-order accurate staggered-grid stencils on different rotated coordinate systems to mitigate numerical anisotropy. An antilumped mass strategy is implemented to minimize numerical dispersion. The stencil incorporates 27 grid points and spans two grid intervals. Dispersion analysis shows that four grid points per wavelength provide accurate simulations in the 3D domain. To assess the feasibility of the method for frequency-domain full-waveform inversion, we computed simulations in the 3D SEG/EAGE overthrust model for frequencies 5, 7, and 10 Hz. Results confirm the huge memory requirement of the factorization (several hundred Figabytes) but also the CPU efficiency of the resolution phase (few seconds per shot). Heuristic scalability analysis suggests that the memory complexity of the factorization is O(35N(4)) for a N-3 grid. Our method may provide a suitable tool to perform frequency-domain full-waveform inversion using a large distributed-memory platform. Further investigation is still necessary to assess more quantitatively the respective merits and drawbacks of time- and frequency-domain modeling of wave propagation to perform 3D full-waveform inversion.
FlexCNN: An End-to-end Framework for Composing CNN Accelerators on FPGA

With reduced data reuse and parallelism, recent convolutional neural networks (CNNs) create new challenges for FPGA acceleration. Systolic arrays (SAs) are efficient, scalable architectures for convolutional layers, but without proper optimizations, their efficiency drops dramatically for reasons: (1) the different dimensions within same-type layers, (2) the different convolution layers especially transposed and dilated convolutions, and (3) CNN’s complex dataflow graph. Furthermore, significant overheads arise when integrating FPGAs into machine learning frameworks. Therefore, we present a flexible, composable architecture called FlexCNN, which delivers high computation efficiency by employing dynamic tiling, layer fusion, and data layout optimizations. Additionally, we implement a novel versatile SA to process normal, transposed, and dilated convolutions efficiently. FlexCNN also uses a fully pipelined software-hardware integration that alleviates the software overheads. Moreover, with an automated compilation flow, FlexCNN takes a CNN in the ONNX1 representation, performs a design space exploration, and generates an FPGA accelerator. The framework is tested using three complex CNNs: OpenPose, U-Net, and E-Net. The architecture optimizations achieve 2.3× performance improvement. Compared to a standard SA, the versatile SA achieves close-to-ideal speedups, with up to 5.98× and 13.42× for transposed and dilated convolutions, with a 6% average area overhead. The pipelined integration leads to a 5× speedup for OpenPose.
Bavarian: Betweenness Centrality Approximation with Variance-aware Rademacher Averages

“[A]llain Gersten, Hopfen, und Wasser” — 1516 Reinheitsgebot We present Bavarian, a collection of sampling-based algorithms for approximating the Betweenness Centrality (BC) of all vertices in a graph. Our algorithms use Monte-Carlo Empirical Rademacher Averages (MCERAs), a concept from statistical learning theory, to efficiently compute tight bounds on the maximum deviation of the estimates from the exact values. The MCERAs provide a sample-dependent approximation guarantee much stronger than the state-of-the-art, thanks to its use of variance-aware probabilistic tail bounds. The flexibility of the MCERAs allows us to introduce a unifying framework that can be instantiated with existing sampling-based estimators of BC, thus allowing a fair comparison between them, decoupled from the sample-complexity results with which they were originally introduced. Additionally, we prove novel sample-complexity results showing that, for all estimators, the sample size sufficient to achieve a desired approximation guarantee depends on the vertex-diameter of the graph, an easy-to-bound characteristic quantity. We also show progressive-sampling algorithms and extensions to other centrality measures, such as percolation centrality. Our extensive experimental evaluation of Bavarian shows the improvement over the state-of-the-art made possible by the MCERAs (2–4× reduction in the error bound), and it allows us to assess the different trade-offs between sample size and accuracy guarantees offered by the different estimators.
Biaxial crystal-based optical tweezers

We suggest an optical tweezer setup based on an optically biaxial crystal. To control movements of opaque particles, we use shifts. The results of experimental studies are reported which are concerned with this laser tweezer setup. We demonstrate a movement of microparticles of toner using a singular-optical trap, rotation of particles due to orbital angular momentum of the field, and converging or diverging of two different traps when changing transmission plane of polariser at the input of our polarisation interferometer.
Planning for Interruptions

It is Tuesday morning. Faculty members Jones and Smith are each in their offices preparing for eleven o'clock classes. Professor Jones has left his door open. His students who pass by the office stop in with questions and comments. Professor Jones interrupts his lecture preparation to respond to their queries. These students leave the office pleased and satisfied with the help provided by their instructor. But eleven o'clock arrives without Jones' class lecture being fully prepared. His presentation is disorganized, and both he and the class members are dissatisfied with the results. The door to Professor Smith's office is, on the other hand, closed and locked. Students with questions pass by the door and find their instructor unavailable. They leave dissatisfied. When eleven o'clock arrives, Professor Smith has completed her class preparation. The class material is well organized and she presents it clearly. Both she and her students are pleased and satisfied with the learning that took place in their hour together. Nevertheless, later Professor Smith is dismayed when she learns of student dissatisfaction with her prior unavailability to answer individual questions. The choices faced by Professors Jones and Smith-either to isolate themselves and concentrate on a task that needs to be thought through carefully without interruption or to permit interruptions that may prevent completion of the desired task-provide a dilemma for many individuals. Teachers, students, managers, parents-to name a few-all face this conflict repeatedly. On the one hand are unpredictable events to which attention should be given as the need arises. On the other hand are tasks that require uninterrupted periods of thought. The purpose of this article is to develop a mathematical model that confirms the wisdom of planning activities so as to minimize the detrimental effect of interruptions.
Influence of electric voltage bias on converse magnetoelectric coefficient in piezofiber/Metglas bilayer laminate composites

Experimental data on a piezofiber/Metglas bilayer composite subjected to both a dc electric voltage bias and a dc magnetic field bias while exciting it with an ac electric driving voltage are presented. As reported in previous studies, a dc magnetic field bias exists to maximize the converse magnetoelectric coefficient. Experimental data show that the optimum dc magnetic field bias is a function of applied dc electric voltage. Furthermore, it is revealed that an optimum dc electric voltage bias exists to further maximize the converse magnetoelectric coefficient.
Magnetic and electronic properties of multiwall carbon nanotubes

Multiwall carbon nanotubes were studied by dc magnetization and electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements. Hole doping is inferred from both the high-field dc susceptibility and ESR parameters complying favorably with the band model of two-dimensional graphite. Paramagnetic deviations are evinced on the diamagnetic susceptibility at weak fields and low temperatures, conforming qualitatively with the Aharonov-Bohm effect on the energy gap for magnetic field parallel to the tube axis. Comparison with theoretical predictions for ensembles of carbon nanotubes reveals appreciable differences, indicative of the diverse distribution of nanotubes as well as the presence of active doping.
Modes of Variability in Annual Hemispheric Water Vapor and Transport Fields

Abstract The variability of annually averaged water vapor and water vapor transport fields over the Northern Hemisphere during the fifteen year period 1958–1973 is studied by means of empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis. Examined are vertically integrated values of the moisture quantities at a set of 91 stations chosen to cover the hemisphere as uniformly as possible. Analyses of the zonal and meridional transports are performed separately, but in addition a version of the EOF analysis is performed in which the two are treated as components of a single vector. All resulting modes are examined in light of statistical significance criteria established through a form of Monte Carlo testing. The first mode in moisture variability appears to be highly significant, and it is dominated by opposite behavior in the held over Africa and over the western equatorial Pacific. Its time series reflects a sharp change in regime during the period studied. The significant mode of variability in the zonal transport.
Role Demands and Work-Life Balance of Women Academics in Sri Lanka: The Moderating Effect of Ethnicity

Background: Academic women participate in various work and life roles, which can create challenges when trying to balance the burdens and responsibilities associated with each part. That means that, as lecturers, they face enormous demands, which must be met diligently. The current study seeks to argue that the concepts of role demand and ethnicity have been neglected in the work-life balance literature in the Sri Lankan context. Method: The purpose of this study is to detect the moderating effect of ethnicity on role demand and the work-life balance of women lecturers in Sri Lanka. Therefore, the study examines the relationship between two aspects of role demand (work and family) and work-life balance among women lecturers in Sri Lanka as well as the role of ethnic identity as a moderator of the relationship. First, to investigate the direct relationship, two exogenous constructs, work demand, and family demand and two endogenous constructs, namely work satisfaction, family satisfaction were identified. Next, the study was to decide whether the relationship between role demand and work-life balance among women lecturers in Sri Lanka differsbased on ethnicity. Thus, ethnicity used as a moderating variable and considered the two major ethnic groups in Sri Lanka, namely, Sinhala and Tamil. The sample has been selected through random sampling, and a quantitative research approach has been applied. A questionnaire survey was used to gather data from state universities in Sri Lanka. There were 465 responses obtained. The structural equation model was used in analyzing the data. Results :The result of the study demonstrates that the significant negative relationship between role demand and work-life balance, and it fills a gap in the literature by validating the associations between role demand and work-life balance dimensions. Finally, the study shows that the relationship between role demand and work-life balance is not moderated by ethnic identity. Conclusion :This result is remarkable as this is the first study that presented the outcome of relationships between role demand and work-life balance among women lecturers’ in Sri Lanka as not differing based on ethnicity. This finding implies that when living under the same economic and social system, different ethnic groups gain similar perceptions.
Development of a virtual metering visualization tool to characterize energy flows in variable air volume air handling unit systems

This paper introduces a novel visualization tool that uses visual analytics to present energy data estimated by equipment-level virtual meters and allows end-users to interact with the visualization to gain insights that can be used to improve building energy performance. The features of the visualization tool are demonstrated through a case study that utilizes data collected from an air handling unit and variable air volume zones located in a commercial building in Ottawa, Canada. The data are used to train inverse greybox models, and model parameters are fed into the visualization tool to create virtual meters that estimate the heat added or extracted by the air handling unit and the heat added by zone-level radiant heaters. End-users can interact with the visualization via interactive processes that enable them to select, filter, and/or explore the virtual metered energy to assist in building operational decisions. The potential of the visualization tool for improving building energy performance and assisting decision-making processes is discussed through illustrative examples.
Running Head: INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN RECOGNITION OF PREPARED FOOD 1 What’s That on My Plate? Individual Differences in Visual Recognition of Prepared Food

We explored evidence for a domain-general contribution, domain-specific ability, and the influence of experience and personality on the visual recognition of prepared food – a previously unexplored domain. Four questions guide the current study (1) Does the domain-general visual ability “o” contribute to food recognition performance (2) Is there evidence for a domain-specific ability with food recognition (3) How does this domain-specific visual-ability relate to different kinds of experience with food and (4) How is food recognition performance related to personality? To answer these questions, we created two tasks that measure food recognition ability: the Food Recognition Match Task and the Food Recognition Oddball Task. Also, we measured o with two visual tasks: Novel Objects Memory Task and the Novel Objects Matching Task. We found a positive correlation between o and food recognition ability, indicating a domain-general contribution to food recognition. Moreover, performance on the two foods tasks was positively correlated even after controlling for the domain-general ability, suggesting a domain-specific ability in recognizing food. To answer the question of individual experience influencing the recognition of food, we created a novel survey to measure the constructs of general recognition interest, food interest, and preference for food taste/appearance and included a measurement for the Big Five factors of personality. While none of the survey constructs related to food recognition performance, we found that agreeableness positively correlated with performance, suggesting that an aspect of personality relates to food recognition.
MECHANICAL/ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF MWCNT/PP FILMS FOR STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING OF GF/PP JOINTS

While welding of thermoplastic composites (TPCs) is a promising rivetless method to reduce weight, higher confidence in joints’ structural integrity and failure prediction must be achieved for widespread use in industry. In this work, we present an innovative study on damage detection for ultrasonically welded TPC joints with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and embedded buckypaper films. MWCNTs show promise for structural health monitoring (SHM) of composite joints, assembled by adhesive bonding or fusion bonding, through electrical resistance changes. This study focuses on investigating multifunctional films and their suitability for ultrasonic welding (USW) of TPCs, using two approaches: 1) MWCNT-filled polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites prepared via solvent dispersion, and 2) high conductivity MWCNT buckypaper embedded between PP films by hot pressing. Nanocomposite formulations containing 5 wt% and 10 wt% MWCNTs were synthesized using solvent dispersion method, followed by compression molding to manufacture films. The effect of MWCNT concentration on electrical and dynamic mechanical behavior of multifunctional films was examined with a Sourcemeter and Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer, and a comparison was made between 5 - 20 wt% MWCNT/PP films based on previous research. Glass fiber/polypropylene (GF/PP) composite joints were ultrasonically welded in a single lap shear configuration using buckypaper and MWCNT/PP films. Furthermore, electrical resistance measurements were carried out for joints under bending loads. It was observed that 15 wt% and 20 wt% MWCNT/PP films had higher stability and sensitivity for resistance response than embedded buckypaper and films with low MWCNT contents, demonstrating their suitability for USW and potential for SHM.
Effect of azolla feeding on the growth performance of improved native chicken breed (Giri Raja) under intensive system of rearing

The present study was conducted to see the effect of Azolla feeding on body weight gain in improved native chicken breeds under intensive system of rearing. The study was conducted on 36 chicks, which were randomly divided into four treatment groups each with 3 replicates of 9 birds. The first treatment (T 1 ) served as a control in which basal diets was offered without Azolla supplementation while in T 2 , T 3 , and T 4 groups, basal diet was replaced with Azolla meal at 5%, 10%, and 15% levels, respectively. A feeding trial was conducted up to 12 weeks. Throughout the experiment, there is no significant body weight gain between Azolla fed groups and control. Cost benefit analysis on basis of net return/bird or net return/kg live weight, each of Azolla fed groups showed higher economic efficiency than the control. It was concluded that Azolla could be included in the native chicken ration up to 15% level. It leads to substantial economization of feed cost of production under intensive system of rearing.
Sample selection and adaptive weight allocation for compressive MIMO UWB noise radar

In this paper, we propose a sample selection method for compressive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) ultra-wideband (UWB) noise radar imaging. The proposed sample selection is based on comparing norm values of the transmitted sequences, and selects the largest M samples among N candidates per antenna. Moreover, we propose an adaptive weight allocation which improves normalized mean-square error (NMSE) by maximizing the mutual information between target echoes and the transmitted signals. Further, this weighting scheme is applicable to both sample selection schemes, a conventional random sampling and the proposed selection. Simulations show that the proposed selection method can improve the multiple target detection probability and NMSE. Moreover, the proposed weight allocation scheme is applicable to those selection methods and obtains spatial diversity and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gains.
Design of mirror and monochromator crystals for a high‐resolution multiwavelength anomalous diffraction beam line on a bending magnet at the ESRF

High intensity for diffraction experiments with high‐energy resolution on an intense x‐ray beam, like the bending magnet beam lines at the ESRF, requires a strict control of the curvature of the optical elements placed in the beam for geometrical focusing and for wavelength monochromatization. Unwanted curvatures can come from nonuniform and variable heating of the optical elements produced by the absorption of x rays. To design the CRG/D2AM beam line described in the accompanying paper, some new techniques were developed to control these effects based on geometrical, i.e., topological, considerations. (1) Cooling of the entrance mirror: longitudinal curvature can be strongly reduced by cooling the mirror from the sides (and not from the rear) and only near the reflecting surface (i.e., not over the whole lateral surface). The cooling can be achieved for instance with an isothermal liquid Ga eutectic bath. (2) Cooling of the first single‐crystal Si monochromator: because of the size of the crystal, only c.