Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The crystal structure of cubic C-type samarium sesquioxide, Sm2O3

Abstract Cubic C-type samarium sesquioxide, Sm2O3, was prepared by thermal decomposition of samarium carbonate. Its crystal structure was refined based on neutron powder diffraction data [space group Ia3̅, a = 1092.77(6) pm] in order to accurately determine the oxygen atom positions. Isotopically enriched 154Sm2O3 was used for the neutron diffraction work because of the enormous absorption cross section of the natural isotopic mixtures for thermal neutrons. Crystal structure refinements by the Rietveld technique confirm the cubic bixbyite type and yield structure data of high accuracy. Interatomic distances between Sm1 (Wyckoff site 8a) and oxygen are 6 × 235.0(2) pm, and between Sm2 (Wyckoff site 24d) and oxygen 2 × 231.6(2) pm, 2 × 233.7(2) pm, 2 × 240.2(2) pm with a weighted average of d̅(Sm–O) = 235.1(2) pm.
Designing through Making

For this issue of The Design Journal we have particularly encouraged submissions on designing through making. The European Academy of Design conference, Design Cultures, Sheffield, 1999, and recent Crafts Council seminars addressing the role of craft practices in creative enterprise have brought to light a discussion on the validity of designing through making as a design methodology useful beyond the traditional boundaries of craft-based practice. This evolving area of investigation within design discourse, which includes a developing body of practice-centred work, is creating links between crafts-based practice and other research fields such as marketing, product innovation in manufacturing, rural and urban regeneration, ComputerAided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacture (CAD/CAM), virtual reality and the sustainable development agenda. Most of these themes are represented in this issue, The process of designing through making is distinguished by a particular creative approach in which both designing and making activities are fully integrated and intrinsic to each other. The qualities of an object made through this process are directly related to the intention of the maker and the materials and processes they use to explore that intention. The process is open and evolving: results can only be achieved through ongoing dialogue between the maker, materials and process, The individual experience and knowledge of the maker with the chosen variables of the process are a key factor in the production of the design. Designer-makers often work with a chosen medium for a considerable length of time, building a personal visual vocabulary and body of knowledge through adopting and adapting processes, This adaptation and inventive use of processes results in a diverse range of individual products with unique characteristics. Craft skill is an integral element of this practice. The definition of craft is much debated and wide ranging, conjuring up images in popular culture of the conservation of skills that perhaps otherwise would have been lost through industrialization. Within the cultures of art and design practices, craft is often viewed as a poor relation of both fields, pejoratively associated with happy hands, and the mindless making of 'dust collectors', Polanyi (1969) provides a more dignified and worthy description: a personal and subconscious intelligence, linking hand and brain. More recently, Crafts Council research by Cusworth and Press has presented a definition created through debate and a review of contemporary opinion and literature: 'A notion of intelligent making . that is a mix of formal knowledge, tacit knowledge, physical and mental skill, contextual awareness, innovation and personal creative autonomy. These are applied to a practice that involves a skilful achievement of relevance in identifying an objectified focus for the craft process, invention of concepts, forms and techniques, an appropriate expression, the exercise of judgement, skills in construction and presentation',
The Long Term Stability of Guided Wave Structural Health Monitoring Systems

Guided waves offer an attractive means of performing structural health monitoring (SHM). It is desirable for such a system to have maximum sensitivity with minimum sensor density. However, in all but the most simple structures the wave interactions become too complex for the time domain signals to be interpreted directly. One approach to overcoming this complexity is to subtract a baseline signal from the measured system thus enabling changes in the system to be identified. Two key issues must be addressed to allow this paradigm to become a reality. Firstly, the system must be sufficiently sensitive to small reflections from defects Secondly, it must be able to distinguish between benign changes and those due to structural defects. In this paper this subtraction approach is used to detect defects in a simple rectangular plate. The system is shown to work well in the short‐term and good sensitivity to defects is demonstrated. The performance degrades over the long‐term. The principal reason for this degrad.
Building an extensible operating system

When designing an extensible operating system, a developer must ensure that the operating system is protected from misbehaved extensions. Two kinds of protection are needed: first, extensions should not violate the operating system's interface, and second, extensions should not be able to leave the operating system in an inconsistent state. The major research contributions of this thesis include: (1) The design and evaluation of MiSFIT, a software fault isolation tool for the x86 architecture that ensures that extensions do not violate the operating system's interface and incurs minimal overhead. (2) The design and evaluation of VINO Lightweight Transactions, a low-overhead mechanism that allows the kernel to maintain its consistency in the face of ill-behaved extensions. (3) Experiments that show the end-to-end overhead of MiSFIT and VLT protection is low, on the order of 1-2%, and the net performance gain possible from using application-specific extensions is significant, in some cases more than 20%. (4) A cost-benefit framework for comparing extension technologies and an evaluation comparing commonly used extension technologies.
Aligning Strategy and Capital Allocation Decisions: A Case Study

Abstract: This article presents a case study on the use of multi-criteria decision analysis tools to improve the alignment of strategy and capital allocation decisions. A questionnaire was used to test for consistency of priorities regarding capital allocation decisions among managers. There was a significant divergence of opinion regarding ranking of attributes used for comparison of investment alternatives. This suggested that the strategy at the strategic business unit (SBU) was not resulting in a consistent vision of priorities regarding investment decisions. Additionally, a case study of four investment alternatives was presented to managers at the SBU. A comparison was made between the decisions made using non-structured decision-making methods characteristic of those employed at the SBU and those using traditional scorecard, payback, rank sum, and rank reciprocal multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) techniques.
The Prevalence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Glaucoma Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Ab s t r Ac t Aim and objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a known systemic risk factor associated with glaucoma. The purpose of the study was to determine the overall prevalence of sleep apnea among patients with glaucoma. Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Participants: Not applicable. Materials and methods: A systematic literature search was performed through MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL and grey literature using Clinical Trials.gov, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses and conferences held through the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, American Academy of Ophthalmology, and Canadian Society of Ophthalmology was done until June 10, 2020. Eligible articles were identified by reviewing the retrieved results. Data extracted included the total number of patients with glaucoma and the proportion of glaucoma patients with a co-occurring diagnosis of OSA. STATA 15.0 was used to perform the meta-analysis. Results: 544 articles were gathered from the databases and 40 records were collected via the grey literature search. Ten studies with 956 subjects were included for analysis. The results of the meta-analysis demonstrated a significant rate of OSA among glaucoma patients (ES = 0.17; CI: [0.08, 0.25]). Conclusion: We examine the prevalence of OSA in glaucoma patients and conclude that the prevalence of OSA in glaucoma patients is higher. Clinical significance: The findings in the ongoing investigation on the link between glaucoma and OSA continue to be unclear. The results from this study contribute to evidence of an association between the two diseases.
Isolated three-phase rectifier unit with high power factor

This paper presents the analysis of an isolated three-phase converter operating in soft-commutation as a battery charger. The structure works with high power factor without intermediate circuits. Its main features are: simplicity of control driver circuit and robustness of power circuits. Principle of operation, design procedure, simulation and experimental results obtained from a laboratory prototype (55 A/48 V) are presented.
Distributed UAV-BSs Trajectory Optimization for User-Level Fair Communication Service With Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have attacted much attention in the field of wireless communication due to its agility and altitude. UAVs can be used as low-altitude aerial base stations (UAV-BSs) to provide communication services for ground devices (GDs) in various scenarios, such as emergency communication and traffic offloading in hotspots. However, due to the limited communication ranges and high prices of commercial UAV-BSs, covering a target area all the time with sufficient UAVs is quite challenging, especially under dynamic environment. We need to design the trajectory of the UAV-BSs to optimize system performance. Most existing works focus on the energy-efficient coverage and throughput maximization but ignore the fairness of communication service, especially the fairness at user-level. Besides, reinforcement learning is suitable for solving decision problems in dynamic environments. However, most existing works use centralized deep reinforcement learning (DRL) approaches. Due to the scalability and low time complexity, a distributed DRL approach is more suitable for multiple UAV-BSs communication system in dynamic environment. Unlike previous works, we characterize the fairness at user-level based on proportional fairness scheduling and formulate a weighted-throughput maximization problem via designing UAV-BSs’ trajectory. Then we model the dynamic deploymentproblem of UAV-BSs as a Markov game and propose a multi-agent deep reinforcement learning-based distributed UAV-BSs control approach named MAUC. MAUC approach adopts the framework of centralized training with distributed execution. Simulation results show that the MAUC can improve fairness of communication service by sacrificing a small amount of throughput.
An empirical study of the factors of the activity-based costing (ABC) implementation in Thailand : four case studies in Thai state enterprises (TSEs)

During the past two decades the activity-based costing (ABC) system has received a great deal of attention as a cost management innovation that may provide more accurate product costs than conventional cost allocation methods (Johnson 1987, Kaplan 1988, Cooper 1988a). Moreover, Favere-Marchesi (2001) stated that the ABC system is one of many such tools that have the potential to help Thai companies regain their competitive edge in an ever- growing world of contenders. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the implementation process of ABC systems in Thai organisations, particularly Thai State Enterprises (TSEs), in order to identify the factors influencing this implementation so as to make suggestions for its improvement. As part of this a theoretical framework for ABC implementation in Thai State Enterprises is developed. This study has two objectives: the first is to obtain a picture of cost accounting systems, both traditional costing systems and ABC systems in Thai organisations, as the preliminary of this study. The second objective is to trace the ABC implementation in selected Thai State Enterprises where ABC systems have been implemented. This will examine the development of the ABC implementation in four Thai State Enterprises, namely, Thai Plywood Company Limited (TPC), Metropolitan Electricity Authority (MEA), Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT) and TOT Corporation (Public) Company Limited (TOT). The results from this study, after in-depth investigation, reveal a large number of sub-factors influencing implementations; however, these sub-factors were compiled as nine main factors including, (1) Top management support, (2) Computer systems, (3) Education and training, (4) ABC team, (5) Objectives of ABC implementation, (6) ABC implementation process, (7) Benefits of ABC implementation, (8) Problems with ABC implementation, and (9) Level of progress of ABC implementation. Finally, this study develops a theoretical framework for ABC implementation and is the first to empirically apply an implementation stage model to Thai State Enterprises.
Global biogeographical regions reveal a signal of past human impacts

Ecologists have long documented that the world’s biota is spatially organized in regions with boundaries shaped by processes acting on geological and evolutionary timescales. Although growing evidence suggests that human impact has been key in how biodiversity is currently assembled, its role as a driver of the geographical organization of biodiversity remains unclear. Here, we quantify the relative importance of human land use from ∼5000 years ago to predict the current assemblage of terrestrial mammals in biogeographical regions across the Earth. Results show that past anthropogenic land use has left an imprint on the taxonomic differentiation of some of the largest biogeographical realms, whereas land use at present stands out as a driver of the taxonomic differences between medium-sized subregions, i.e., within and among continents. Our findings highlight the far-reaching effect that past anthropogenic actions have had on the organization of biodiversity globally.
GROUND REACTION FORCE ESTIMATION USING MUSCULOSKELETAL SIMULATION

There are many situations in sports when external forces such as ground reaction force are unobtainable. Musculoskeletal kinetics including joint moments can be calculated when all external force information including ground reaction force are provided. In this study, we developed a simulation method that can predict the center of pressure on the foot and the ground reaction force from kinematics data utilizing artificial muscles between the foot and ground. The artificial muscles on the foot were activated when the distance between a foot node and a ground node is smaller than a pre-definded value. In this study we demonstrated the predictions of ground reaction force and center of pressure on the foot during normal walking. The results were validated against the measured values from a force plate.
Apical transport of Crumbs maintains epithelial cell polarity

Crumbs (Crb in Drosophila; CRB1-3 in mammals) is a transmembrane determinant of epithelial cell polarity and a regulator of Hippo signalling. Crb is normally localized to apical cell-cell contacts, just above adherens junctions, but how apical trafficking of Crb is regulated in epithelial cells remains unclear. We use the Drosophila follicular epithelium to demonstrate that polarized trafficking of Crb is mediated by transport along microtubules by the motor protein Dynein and along actin filaments by the motor protein Myosin-V (MyoV). Blocking transport of Crb-containing vesicles by Dynein or MyoV leads to accumulation of Crb within Rab11 endosomes, rather than apical delivery. The final steps of Crb delivery and stabilisation at the plasma membrane requires the exocyst complex and three apical FERM domain proteins – Merlin, Moesin and Expanded – whose simultaneous loss disrupts apical localization of Crb. Accordingly, a knock-in deletion of the Crb FERM-binding motif (FBM) also impairs apical localization. Finally, overexpression of Crb challenges this system, creating a sensitized background to identify components involved in cytoskeletal polarization, apical membrane trafficking and stabilisation of Crb at the apical domain.
The Antecedent of Customer Satisfaction and Its Impact on Customer Retention in Tourism as Hospitality Industry

Taking a case study of tourism as hospitality industry in Lampung Province in Indonesia, we analyze the antecedent of customer satisfaction and its impact on customer retention. Using Structural Equation Model (SEM), we find that customer relationship management has a significant impact on service quality, customer satisfaction and customer retention. Moreover, the impact of service quality on customer satisfaction and the one of customer satisfaction on customer retention are also significant. Relying on the findings, we recommend some strategies for the government of Lampung Province, e.g. training local people to behave more friendly in welcoming domestic or international tourists, fixing all lodging facilities, creating more souvenirs with Lampung’s ornaments and developing management system adopting global changes in technology, communication and trend.
A robotized six degree of freedom stage for optical microscopy

This work represents an investigation of the possibility to use a hexapod system for optical microscopy investigation and measurements. An appropriate hexapod stage has been developed. The stage has been calibrated and used for several different optical microscopy applications. The construction of the stage is based on the classic Stewart platform and thus represents a parallel robot with 6 degree of freedom. Appropriate software is controlling the transformation of the 3 position coordinates of the moving plate and the 3 Euler angles in position velocities and accelerations of the plate motion. An embedded microcontroller is implementing the motion plan and the PID controller regulating the kinematics. By difference to the available in the market hexapods the proposed solution is with lower precision but is significantly cheaper and simple to maintain. The repeatability obtained with current implementation is 0,05 mm and 0,001 rad. A specialized DSP based video processing engine is used for both feedback computation and application specific image processing in real-time. To verify the concept some applications has been developed for specific tasks and has been used for specific measurements.
Introducing growing up in Australia's child health checkpoint: A physical health and biomarkers module for the longitudinal study of Australian children

The right of every child to enjoy the highest attainable standards of health is enshrined in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (United Nations, 1989). Although the last century has seen remarkable gains, children's physical health remains of considerable concern to parents and to policy-makers. Chronic health conditions experienced during childhood are rising. In 2004, 7% of US children were reported by parents as having a limitation of activity due to a chronic condition lasting for three months or more, compared to just 2% in 1960 (Perrin, Bloom, and Gortmaker, 2007; National Centre for Health Statistics, 2006). Social disparities in health are widening, links between physical and psychological wellbeing are becoming more evident, and their biologic bases more clearly delineated. Of equal importance, the asymptomatic precursors of adult disease (such as obesity, inactivity, poor oral health, high blood pressure, and low lung function) are evident by late childhood. Important challenges for population health care systems are to understand the overall impact of health conditions on children's life experiences, and thus to improve outcomes through prevention and appropriate, effective intervention at the earliest possible stage.
10 Disorders of Higher Cortical Function

A brief overview of the most important cognitive alterations a consequence of focal brain damage is presented. The discipline that studies the relationship between brain damage and higher cognitive functions is called neuropsychology and is mainly based on correlations between anatomy and function. Leaving aside the importance of the clinical impact that neuropsychology has on patients' treatment, its main experimental aim is to draw inferences from the pathological conditions to normal functions, on the assumption that if the lesion to a particular brain area or circuit has provoked a specific deficit, then that part of the brain is involved in or is necessary for sustaining the normal function. The main classical neuropsychological syndromes related to perceptual, spatial, linguistic, motor, and memory domain will be discussed, with a final part on syndromes in which conscious awareness is specifically altered.
MRI Image Segmentation of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Using Multi-Scale Cascaded Fully Convolutional Network

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most common malignant tumors of the head and neck, and its incidence is the highest all around the world. Intensive radiotherapy using computer-aided diagnosis is the best technique for the treatment of NPC. The key step of radiotherapy is the delineation of the target areas and organs at risk, that is, tumor images segmentation. We proposed the segmentation method of NPC image based on multi-scale cascaded fully convolutional network. It used cascaded network and multi-scale feature for a coarse-to-fine segmentation to improve the segmentation effect. In coarse segmentation, image blocks and data augmentation were used to compensate for the shortage of training samples. In fine segmentation, Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling (ASPP) was used to increase the receptive field and image feature transfer, which was added in the Dense block of DenseNet. In the process of upsampling, the features of multiple views were fused to reduce false positive samples. Additionally, in order to improve the class imbalance problem, Focal Loss was used to weight the loss function of tumor voxel distance because it could reduce the weight of background category samples. The cascaded network can alleviate the problem of gradient disappearance and obtain a smoother boundary. The experimental results were quantitatively analyzed by DSC, ASSD and F1_score values, and the results showed that the proposed method was effective for nasopharyngeal carcinoma segmentation compared with other methods in this paper.