Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional Regulation of Airway Epithelial Cell Differentiation: Insights into the Notch Pathway and Beyond

The airway epithelium is a critical component of the respiratory system, serving as a barrier against inhaled pathogens and toxins. It is composed of various cell types, each with specific functions essential to proper airway function. Chronic respiratory diseases can disrupt the cellular composition of the airway epithelium, leading to a decrease in multiciliated cells (MCCs) and an increase in secretory cells (SCs). Basal cells (BCs) have been identified as the primary stem cells in the airway epithelium, capable of self-renewal and differentiation into MCCs and SCs. This review emphasizes the role of transcription factors in the differentiation process from BCs to MCCs and SCs. Recent advancements in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) techniques have provided insights into the cellular composition of the airway epithelium, revealing specialized and rare cell types, including neuroendocrine cells, tuft cells, and ionocytes. Understanding the cellular composition and differentiation processes within the airway epithelium is crucial for developing targeted therapies for respiratory diseases. Additionally, the maintenance of BC populations and the involvement of Notch signaling in BC self-renewal and differentiation are discussed. Further research in these areas could provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying airway epithelial homeostasis and disease pathogenesis.
Evaluation of the Effect of Antibacterial Peptides on Model Monolayers

The aim of the study was to assess the effect of the synthesized antibacterial peptides: P2 (WKWK)2-KWKWK-NH2, P4 (C12)2-KKKK-NH2, P5 (KWK)2-KWWW-NH2, and P6 (KK)2-KWWW-NH2 on the physicochemical properties of a model biological membrane made of azolectin or lecithin. The Langmuir Wilhelmy method was used for the experiments. Based on the compressibility factor, it was determined that the monolayers formed of azolectin and peptides in the aqueous subphase are in the condensed liquid phase. At the boundary between the condensed and expanded liquid phases, there was a monolayer made of lecithin and P4, P5 or P6 in the aqueous subphase. In turn, the film consisting of lecithin alone (37.7 mN/m) and lecithin and P2 (42.6 mN/m) in the water subphase was in the expanded liquid phase. All peptides change, to varying degrees, the organization and packing of molecules in the monolayer, both those made of azolectin and of lecithin. The test results can be used for further research to design a system with the expected properties for specific organisms.
Assessing aerobic endurance in elite female cricket players

To assess and compare the aerobic endurance levels of elite female cricket players from Bangladesh and India. This study’s participants were 50 elite female cricket players (ages 18-30 years), with 25 players from each country. They were all considered elite players based on their performance and experience in national and international cricket tournaments. To measure aerobic endurance fitness, the participants underwent a Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (YYIRT1), which is widely used to measure an individual's maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and aerobic capacity. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The test of Normality, mean, and standard deviation were calculated for each group, and a t-test was used to compare the mean scores of the two groups. A p-value of less than . 05 is considered statistically significant. The data were analysed using the statistical software SPSS version 26. The study found that the Indian female cricket players had a significantly higher aerobic endurance fitness level than the Bangladeshi players. The mean VO2max of the Indian players was 46.76 ml/kg/min, while the Bangladeshi players' mean VO2max was 43.60 ml/kg/min. Additionally, the Indian players had a higher mean score in total distance covered in YYIRT1 (1233.6 m) than the Bangladeshi players (857.6). These differences were found to be statistically significant (p < .05). These findings suggest that there may be a difference in the training and preparation methods between the two countries, leading to a higher aerobic endurance fitness level among Indian players.
Distance decay and directional diffusion of ecoclimate teleconnections driven by regional-scale tree die-off

Climate change is triggering regional-scale alterations in vegetation including land cover change such as forest die-off. At sufficient magnitudes, land cover change from forest die-off in one region can change not only local climate but also vegetation including agriculture elsewhere via changes in larger scale climate patterns, termed an ‘ecoclimate teleconnection’. Ecoclimate teleconnections can therefore have impacts on vegetative growth in distant regions, but the degrees to which the impact decays with distance or directionally diffuses relative to the initial perturbation are general properties that have not been evaluated. We used the Community Earth system model to study this, examining the implications of tree die-off in 14 major US forested regions. For each case we evaluated the ecological impact across North America as a function of distance and direction from the location of regional tree die-off. We found that the effects on gross primary productivity (GPP) generally decayed linearly with distance, with notable exceptions. Distance from the region of tree die-off alone explained up to ∼30% of the variance in many regions. We also found that the GPP impact was not uniform across directions and that including an additional term to account for direction to regional land cover change from tree die-off was statistically significant for nearly all regions and explained up to ∼40% of the variance in many regions, comparable in magnitude to the influence of El Nino on GPP in the Western US. Our results provide novel insights into the generality of distance decay and directional diffusion of ecoclimate teleconnections, and suggest that it may be hard to identify expected impacts of tree die-off without case-specific simulations. Such patterns of distance decay, directional diffusion, and their exceptions are relevant for cross-regional policy that links forests and other agriculture (e.g. US Department of Agriculture).
Multi-scale object-based image analysis and feature selection of multi-sensor earth observation imagery using random forests

The random forest (RF) classifier is a relatively new machine learning algorithm that can handle data sets with large numbers and types of variables. Multi-scale object-based image analysis (MOBIA) can generate dozens, and sometimes hundreds, of variables used to classify earth observation (EO) imagery. In this study, a MOBIA approach is used to classify the land cover in an area undergoing intensive agricultural development. The information derived from the elevation data and imagery from two EO satellites are classified using the RF algorithm. Using a wrapper feature selection algorithm based on the RF, a large initial data set consisting of 418 variables was reduced by ∼60%, with relatively little loss in the overall classification accuracy. With this feature-reduced data set, the RF classifier produced a useable depiction of the land cover in the selected study area and achieved an overall classification accuracy of greater than 90%. Variable importance measures produced by the RF algorithm provided an insight into which object features were relatively more important for classifying the individual land-cover types. The MOBIA approach outlined in this study achieved the following: (i) consistently high overall classification accuracies (>85%) using the RF algorithm in all models examined, both before and after feature reduction; (ii) feature selection of a large data set with little expense to the overall classification accuracy; and (iii) increased interpretability of classification models due to the feature selection process and the use of variable importance scores generated by the RF algorithm.
The geochemistry of carbonate diagenesis: The past, present and future

Stable carbon and oxygen isotopes (δ18O and δ13C values) and trace elements have been applied to the study of diagenesis of carbonate rocks for over 50 years. As valuable as these insights have been, many problems regarding the interpretation of geochemical signals within mature rocks remain. For example, while the δ18O values of carbonate rocks are dependent both upon the temperature and the δ18O value of the fluid, and additional information including trace element composition aids in interpreting such signals, direct evidence of either the temperature or the composition of the fluids is required. Such information can be obtained by analysing the δ18O value of any fluid inclusions or by measuring the temperature using a method such as the ‘clumped’ isotope technique. Such data speak directly to a large number of problems in interpreting the oxygen isotope record including the well‐known tendency for δ18O values of carbonate rocks to decrease with increasing age. Unlike the δ18O, δ13C values of carbonates are considered to be less influenced by diagenesis and more a reflection of primary changes in the global carbon cycle through time. However, many studies have not sufficiently emphasized the effects of diagenesis and other post‐depositional influences on the eventual carbon isotopic composition of the rock with the classic paradigm that the present is the key to the past being frequently ignored. Finally, many additional proxies are poised to contribute to the interpretation of carbonate diagenesis. Although the study of carbonate diagenesis is at an exciting point with an explosion of new proxies and methods, care should be taken to understand both old and new proxies before applying them to the ancient record.
Impact of Previous Conventional Cardiac Surgery on the Clinical Outcomes After Heart Transplantation

The impact of the type, purpose, and timing of prior surgery on heart transplantation (HT) remains unclear. This study investigated the influence of conventional cardiac surgery (PCCS) on HT outcomes. This study analyzed HTs performed between 1999 and 2019 at a single institution. Patients were categorized into two groups: those with and without PCCS. Short-term outcomes, including post-transplant complications and mortality rates, were evaluated. Cox proportional and Kaplan–Meier survival analyses were used to identify risk factors for mortality and assess long-term survival, respectively. Of 368 patients, 29% had PCCS. Patients with PCCS had a higher incidence of post-transplant complications. The in-hospital and 1 year mortality rates were higher in the PCCS group. PCCS and cardiopulmonary bypass time were significant risk factors for 1 year mortality (hazard ratios = 2.485 and 1.005, respectively). The long-term survival rates were lower in the PCCS group, particularly in the first year. In sub-analysis, patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and PCCS had the poorest outcomes. The era of surgery and timing of PCCS in relation to HT did not significantly impact outcomes. In conclusion, PCCS worsen the HT outcomes, especially in patients with ischemic etiology. However, the timing of PCCS and era of HT did not significantly affect this concern.
Within-Person Modulation of Neural Networks following Interoceptive Awareness Training through Mindful Awareness in Body-Oriented Therapy (MABT): A Pilot Study

Interoception, the representation of the body’s internal state, is increasingly recognized for informing subjective wellbeing and promoting regulatory behavior. However, few empirical reports characterize interoceptive neural networks, and fewer demonstrate changes to these networks in response to an efficacious intervention. Using a two-group randomized controlled trial, this pilot study explored within-participant neural plasticity in interoceptive networks following Mindful Awareness in Body-oriented Therapy (MABT). Participants (N = 22) were assigned to either 8 weeks of MABT or to a no-treatment control and completed baseline and post-intervention assessments that included subjective interoceptive awareness (MAIA) and neuroimaging of an interoceptive awareness task. MABT was uniquely associated with insula deactivation, increased functional connectivity between the dorsal attention network and the somatomotor cortex, and connectivity changes correlated positively with changes in subjective interoception. Within the MABT group, changes in subjective interoception interacted with changes in a predefined anterior cingulate seed region to predict changes in right middle insula activity, a putative primary interoceptive representation region. While the small sample size requires the replication of findings, results suggest that interoceptive training enhances sensory–prefrontal connectivity, and that such changes are commensurate with enhanced interoceptive awareness.
Geomagnetic paleointensities from radiocarbon‐dated lava flows on Hawaii and the question of the Pacific nondipole low

Radiocarbon ages have been published for nine basaltic lava flows on the island of Hawaii; the ages range from 2600 to somewhat older than 17,900 years B.P. By using the Thelliers' method in vacuum, geomagnetic paleointensity values were obtained from eight of the lavas; the ninth proved unsuitable. The paleointensities for the four youngest flows (2600–4600 years B.P.) yield virtual dipole moments (VDM's) that are 20% greater to more than twice the worldwide values for those times obtained by V. Bucha from archeomagnetic data. The dispersion of virtual geomagnetic poles for the eight lavas is 15.5°, appreciably larger than the average for older lava flows on Hawaii. These results contrast with the historic magnetic field in the region of Hawaii, in which both secular variation and nondipole components are very low. At about 10,000 years B.P. the measured VDM is not very different from the long-term worldwide average but differs considerably from a smooth extrapolation of Bucha's average curve. At about 18,000 years B.P. the measured VDM is very low and is associated with an unusually shallow paleomagnetic inclination for the latitude of Hawaii. These new paleointensity and paleodirectional data strongly suggest that sizable nondipole geomagnetic fields have existed in the vicinity of Hawaii at various times during the Holocene epoch and perhaps earlier.
Sustainable Land Use and Climate Change in Belgrade - The Role of Urban Gardens

Population growth and urban sprawl are expected to continue increasing pressures on agricultural land, green infrastructure and climate change's impact on the urban environment. Accordingly, the challenge of securing sustainable land use and climate change mitigation needs to be confronted in cities globe wide. Urban green areas represent an asset of public interest with multiple roles – they are recreational zones, noise and pollution protection belts, areas with aesthetic, social and curative values as well as an infrastructure for combating climate change. All these functions accentuate the relevance of urban gardens in urban development, for which their preservation and development play an irreplaceable role in cities. This paper analyses a specific form of urban gardens in Belgrade (“baštenske kolonije” or “garden colonies”) with a focus on urban land use planning. The research methodology consists of a literature and document review and systematic analysis. The study includes legislative in Serbia and urban planning documents in Belgrade, with the goal being to identify governmental and planning attitude towards urban gardening and their recognition of ecosystem services and climate change combat. The preliminary results indicate that this form of sustainable land in Belgrade is left to the spontaneous actions of individuals with no legally defined status in the previous period Keywords: sustainable land use, urban gardens, climate change, urban planning, Belgrade.
ON THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHICAL CONDITION MONITORING SEVERAL STRATEGIC ISSUES

The state council of China approved national sustainable development strategy for land and natural resources research in the overall plan, presenting "building digital China, monitoring the national geographical conditions, developing geographical information industry, constructing surveying and mapping power Country," 24 character strategy. National geographical conditions monitoring is the new requirements of economic and social development, and also is important role and strategic tasks for surveying and mapping services to the scientific development of the sector initiative. In this paper, the content, main tasks and facing situation of national geographical conditions monitoring in China are elaborated analyzed. At last, several initiatives to promote national geographical situation monitoring realization, standardization and normalization are introduced. There are four parts in the paper as below.
Damped regional‐scale stress inversions: Methodology and examples for southern California and the Coalinga aftershock sequence

[1] We present a new focal mechanism stress inversion technique to produce regional-scale models of stress orientation containing the minimum complexity necessary to fit the data. Current practice is to divide a region into small subareas and to independently fit a stress tensor to the focal mechanisms of each subarea. This procedure may lead to apparent spatial variability that is actually an artifact of overfitting noisy data or nonuniquely fitting data that does not completely constrain the stress tensor. To remove these artifacts while retaining any stress variations that are strongly required by the data, we devise a damped inversion method to simultaneously invert for stress in all subareas while minimizing the difference in stress between adjacent subareas. This method is conceptually similar to other geophysical inverse techniques that incorporate damping, such as seismic tomography. In checkerboard tests, the damped inversion removes the stress rotation artifacts exhibited by an undamped inversion, while resolving sharper true stress rotations than a simple smoothed model or a moving-window inversion. We show an example of a spatially damped stress field for southern California. The methodology can also be used to study temporal stress changes, and an example for the Coalinga, California, aftershock sequence is shown. We recommend use of the damped inversion technique for any study examining spatial or temporal variations in the stress field.
Pedotransfer functions for predicting the hydraulic properties of Indian soils

Most of the data pertaining to Indian soils are limited to the major soil separates, sand, silt, and clay. We examined the possibilities of using these parameters to describe the hydraulic characteristics of the soils of India. The final or steady-state infiltration rate, which is mainly profile-controlled, showed a power function relationship with the maximum and the average clay content in the soil profile. The saturated hydraulic conductivity also showed a similar relationship with the silt + clay content. The soil water content at a given suction could be satisfactorily predicted using the percentage of major soil separates, sand, silt, and clay. The coefficients in the soil water function ψ(θ) were linearly related to the sand content. Non-linear regression equations were developed to predict these coefficients using the percentages of sand and clay in soils. The equations proved to be quite satisfactory for a wide range of textures and provided reasonably accurate estimates of the soil water characteristic curve from a minimum of readily available data.
Elastic Wave Attenuation In Porous Rocks: Effects of Pore Fluid Viscosity And Frequency

Summary A periodic system of solid and viscous fluid layers represents an idealized example of a porous medium. Explicit expressions for the frequency dependence of the velocity and attenuation of shear waves in such a layered system are derived by solving Rytov’s exact dispersion equation in the long- wavelength approximation. The dispersion and attenuation are related to the well known mechanisms of dissipation in porous media: viscoelastic mechanism (viscous shear relaxation) and visco-inertial Biot’s mechanism. The dominant mechanism of attenuation is controlled by the parameter which represents the ratio of Biot’s characteristic frequency to the viscoelastic characteristic frequency. For , the solution is identical to that derived from an anisotropic version of Biot’s theory of poroelasticity. For , the attenuation/dispersion is dominated by the classical viscoelastic absorption due to the shear stiffening effect of the viscous fluid layers.
Research on the Impact of Total Factor Productivity on Real Earnings Management of Enterprises

: This article takes A-share listed companies in the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets of China from 2006 to 2021 as research samples to evaluate the impact of total factor productivity on real earnings management of enterprises. The research has found that: (1) Improving total factor productivity in enterprises will reduce real earnings management of enterprises. (2) Mechanism analysis shows that an increase in total factor productivity of enterprises will lead to an increase in revenue growth rate, thereby inhibiting the real earnings management of enterprises. The conclusion of this article indicates that in good operating conditions, companies will reduce real earnings management of enterprises.
Optimal Fingerprint Data Filtering Model for Location Based Services

Focusing on the rapid market penetration of smart phones, the importance of LBS (Location Based Service) is drastically increased. However, traditional GPS method has critical weakness caused by limited availability, such as indoor environment. WPS is newly attractive method as a widely applicable positioning method. In WPS, RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indication) data of all Wi-Fi APs (Access Point) are measured and stored into a huge database. The stored RSSI data in database make single radio fingerprint map. By the radio fingerprint map, we can estimate the actual position of target point. The essential factor of radio fingerprint database is data integrity of RSSI. Because of millions of APs in urban area, RSSI measurement data are seriously contaminated. Therefore, we present the unified filtering method for RSSI measurement data. As the results of filtering, we can show the effectiveness of suggested method in practical positioning system of mobile operator.
Barriers in Public Sector Innovation: Case Study in Increasing Local Own-Source Revenue in Makassar City

The local own-source revenue (PAD) component, which is a source of income for the Makassar city government, consists of regional taxes, regional levies, the results of separated regional wealth management, and other legitimate regional original income. According to Mulgan and Albury (2003), the measurement indicators used included several inhibiting factors. The data collection method used a qualitative descriptive method through observations, interviews, and documentation studies. Informant determination was performed using purposive sampling. Data analysis was performed through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results illustrate that innovation programs are used, which are original ideas from the regional revenue department of Makassar city, namely the integrated and digitalized tax application commonly referred to as PAKINTA. The obstacles faced in implementing or creating innovations at the regional revenue department of Makassar city, based on data and facts, are the lack of implementation of training or technical guidance in adding skills for the department’s employees who contribute to increased tax innovation. There are still several employees who have not received education and training related to PAD management. Another obstacle that organizations experience as barriers to innovation is the lack of awareness of taxpayers to report and pay taxes on time. Keywords: barriers in public sector innovation, public sector, local own-source revenue