Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CabZIP23 Integrates in CabZIP63–CaWRKY40 Cascade and Turns CabZIP63 on Mounting Pepper Immunity against Ralstonia solanacearum via Physical Interaction

CabZIP63 and CaWRKY40 were previously found to be shared in the pepper defense response to high temperature stress (HTS) and to Ralstonia solanacearum inoculation (RSI), forming a transcriptional cascade. However, how they activate the two distinct defense responses is not fully understood. Herein, using a revised genetic approach, we functionally characterized CabZIP23 in the CabZIP63–CaWRKY40 cascade and its context specific pepper immunity activation against RSI by interaction with CabZIP63. CabZIP23 was originally found by immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry to be an interacting protein of CabZIP63-GFP; it was upregulated by RSI and acted positively in pepper immunity against RSI by virus induced gene silencing in pepper plants, and transient overexpression in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. By chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-qPCR and electrophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA), CabZIP23 was found to be directly regulated by CaWRKY40, and CabZIP63 was directly regulated by CabZIP23, forming a positive feedback loop. CabZIP23–CabZIP63 interaction was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation (CoIP) and bimolecular fluorescent complimentary (BiFC) assays, which promoted CabZIP63 binding immunity related target genes, including CaPR1, CaNPR1 and CaWRKY40, thereby enhancing pepper immunity against RSI, but not affecting the expression of thermotolerance related CaHSP24. All these data appear to show that CabZIP23 integrates in the CabZIP63–CaWRKY40 cascade and the context specifically turns it on mounting pepper immunity against RSI.
Does witnessing the effects of climate change on glacial landscapes increase pro-environmental behaviour intentions? An empirical study of a last-chance destination.

ABSTRACT Due To the effects of climate change, tourist locations such as glacial landscapes are increasingly becoming last-chance tourism (LCT) destinations. LCT is paradoxical: although visitors to such locations possess high environmental awareness, their travel generates greenhouse gas emissions that threaten these destinations. However, visiting LCT destinations and observing glacial landscapes threatened by climate change may positively affect pro-environmental behaviour. This article aims to explore how experiencing receding glaciers can influence intentions to adopt pro-environmental behaviour. A quantitative survey of 284 visitors to a major glacier tourism site in France (Montenvers-mer-de-Glace) was caried out to test the influence of landscape, emotions, satisfaction, and LCT-related motivations on intentions to adopt pro-environmental behaviours. The results show that landscapes perceived as symbolic of climate change, LCT motivations, and overall satisfaction positively influenced pro-environmental behaviour intentions. To further encourage such intentions, stakeholders should promote practices based on education and experience.
PENGARUH UKURAN PERUSAHAAN, LEVERAGE, DAN PROFITABILITAS TERHADAP EARNINGS RESPONSE COEFFICIENT PADA PERUSAHAAN PROPERTI DAN REAL ESTATE YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI PERIODE 2014-2018

ABSTRACTThis research was conducted at property and real estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2014-2018. The sample was determined using purposive sampling method. The samples obtained was 30 companies with 150 observations. The data analysis method used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that simultaneously company size, leverage and profitability have a significant effect on the earning response coefficient. While partially proves that firm size has no effect on earnings response coefficients, leverage has a significant negative effect on earnings response coefficients and profitability has a significant positive effect on earnings response coefficients. This research is expected to be useful for investors.Keywords: Firm size, leverage, profitability, earnings response coefficient
Persistent photoconductivity in barium titanate

Annealed bulk crystals of barium titanate (BaTiO3) exhibit persistent photoconductivity (PPC) at room temperature. Samples were annealed in a flowing gas of humid argon and hydrogen, with a higher flow rate corresponding to larger PPC. When exposed to sub-bandgap light, a broad infrared (IR) absorption peak appears at 5000 cm−1 (2 μm), attributed to polaronic or free-carrier absorption from electrons in the conduction band. Along with the increased IR absorption, electrical resistance is reduced by a factor of approximately two. The threshold photon energy for PPC is 2.9 eV, similar to the case of SrTiO3. This similarity suggests that the mechanisms are similar: an electron in substitutional hydrogen (HO) is photoexcited into the conduction band, causing the proton to leave the oxygen vacancy and attach to a host oxygen atom. The barrier to recover to the ground state is large such that PPC persists at room temperature.
COVID-19 Pandemic: Escape of Pathogenic Variants and MHC Evolution

We propose a new hypothesis that explains the maintenance and evolution of MHC polymorphism. It is based on two phenomena: the constitution of the repertoire of naive T lymphocytes and the evolution of the pathogen and its impact on the immune memory of T lymphocytes. Concerning the latter, pathogen evolution will have a different impact on reinfection depending on the MHC allomorph. If a mutation occurs in a given region, in the case of MHC allotypes, which do not recognize the peptide in this region, the mutation will have no impact on the memory repertoire. In the case where the MHC allomorph binds to the ancestral peptides and not to the mutated peptide, that individual will have a higher chance of being reinfected. This difference in fitness will lead to a variation of the allele frequency in the next generation. Data from the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic already support a significant part of this hypothesis and following up on these data may enable it to be confirmed. This hypothesis could explain why some individuals after vaccination respond less well than others to variants and leads to predict the probability of reinfection after a first infection depending upon the variant and the HLA allomorph.
Multimodal Optimization Algorithm for Torque Ripple Reduction in Synchronous Reluctance Motors

An accurate analytical model is adopted to estimate the torque ripple of a synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM). Desired behavior of the torque ripple functionin this motor is obtained by changing the angles of one and two flux barriers per pole (FBs) in the rotor. The torque ripple function of the SynRM serves as the multiple and close local optima. By identifying the behavior of this function, a comprehensive learning particle swarm optimization (CLPSO) algorithm (typically applied in solving multimodal functions), is adopted to reduce the torque ripple. The results indicate that compared to PSO (i.e. global optimization algorithms) the CLPSO algorithm is more efficient in torque ripple reduction and finding more local optima. Among the available optimal solutions with four FBs per pole, a sample is selected for motor construction. Finite element analysis and laboratory tests are performed to validate the results.
Racist Stacking in Professional Soccer in Germany

Racist stacking is a phenomenon in team sports in which Black players are underrepresented in tactical and leading positions, while they are overrepresented in decentralized and physical positions. In this article, we propose that racist stacking is a type of institutional racism characterized by racist ascriptions incorporated in the daily routines of sport institutions. We explored whether racist stacking happens in soccer in Germany based on these assumptions. The results of an examination of the 36 teams in the male divisions of the first and second Bundesliga in the 2020/2021 season are presented in this article. We discovered patterns in our data that support a theory of racist stacking. White players are more likely to play positions associated with leadership, oversight, responsibility, intelligence, and organization, whereas Black players are more likely to play positions associated with aggressiveness, speed, and instinct. We conclude that, contrary to popular belief, professional sports do not just rely on the competitiveness principle. Instead, some decisions appear to be made on the basis of racist attributions, whether purposefully or accidentally.
Microbiological Quality of Milk Donated to the Regional Human Milk Bank in Warsaw in the First Four Years of Activity

As the survival rate for preterm infants increases, more emphasis is placed on improving health-related quality of life through optimal nutritional management. Human Milk Banks (HMBs) provide bioactive nutrients and probiotic microorganisms to premature newborns, especially in the first year of life. Donated milk screening and selection of potential donors ensures the quality and microbiological safety of the donated milk. Therefore we reviewed the basic characteristics of donors and the amounts and contamination of breast milk donated to the Regional Human Milk Bank (RHMB) in Warsaw. In four years, the RHMB collected 1445.59 L of milk, of which 96.60% was distributed among hospitalised infants. Additionally, breastmilk from donor candidates (139 samples from 96 women) was tested at least once in the first year of lactation. First analyses showed that 18 women’s milk samples were microbiologically pure, and 78 samples had one or more species of commensal and/or potentially pathogenic bacteria. In human milk samples from 10 women, the bacteria level was above the standard required by the RHMB; therefore, donors were re-educated, and further samples were tested. Most women followed the recommendations on hygienic expression and storage of milk before transfer to the RHMB. Our analysis will help to increase the accessibility and quality of raw donor milk and to meet the needs of more newborns.
Synapsin II Directly Suppresses Epileptic Seizures In Vivo

The synapsin family offers a strong linkage between synaptic mechanisms and the epileptic phenotype. Synapsins are phosphoproteins reversibly associated with synaptic vesicles. Synapsin deficiency can cause epilepsy in humans, and synapsin II (SynII) in knockout (KO) mice causes generalized epileptic seizures. To differentiate between the direct effect of SynII versus its secondary adaptations, we used neonatal intracerebroventricular injections of the adeno-associated virus (AAV) expressing SynII. We found that SynII reintroduction diminished the enhanced synaptic activity in Syn2 KO hippocampal slices. Next, we employed the epileptogenic agent 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and found that SynII reintroduction completely rescued the epileptiform activity observed in Syn2 KO slices upon 4-AP application. Finally, we developed a protocol to provoke behavioral seizures in young Syn2 KO animals and found that SynII reintroduction balances the behavioral seizures. To elucidate the mechanisms through which SynII suppresses hyperexcitability, we injected the phospho-incompetent version of Syn2 that had the mutated protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylation site. The introduction of the phospho-incompetent SynII mutant suppressed the epileptiform and seizure activity in Syn2 KO mice, but not to the extent observed upon the reintroduction of native SynII. These findings show that SynII can directly suppress seizure activity and that PKA phosphorylation contributes to this function.
The Effect of Conventional Lumbar Spine Surgery on the Lumbar Multifidus Fat Infiltration

Aims: Low back pain is considered as a common problem that affects most adults at least once in their lives. Almost 90% of people experience back pain during their lifetime. The total cost of treating chronic low back pain in the United States is estimated at more than $ 100 billion annually. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of lumbar spine surgery on the lumbar multifidus fat infiltration in the patients referred to Imam Reza Hospital in 2020. Study Design: Prospective study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Neurosurgery, AJA University of Medical Sciences (AJAUMS), Imam-Reza Hospital, Tehran between January 2020 and January 2021. Methodology: In the present prospective study, patients with disk herniation or lumbar spine canal stenosis referred to the neurosurgery clinic of Imam Reza Hospital in 2020 that underwent surgery were enrolled. After six months, they underwent lumbosacral MRI again. Multifidus muscles in primary MRI and sixth month MRI were compared at L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels and the changes were recorded. Results: A total number of 288 patients were enrolled in the present study during the study period. Based on the results, moderate fat infiltration (grade II) have had the highest frequency amongst the patients, and 52% of patients were in the moderate state in terms of adipose tissue infiltration in multifidus muscle postoperatively. Conclusion: Increased adipose tissue infiltration in the postoperative period was high and can be considered as a cause of disability and severe pain in patients after surgery. Due to the muscle atrophy six months post-surgery owing to intraoperative muscle injuries and consequently postoperative movement restriction, some exercises and physical therapy can be suggested to correct movement patterns and further reduce pain in the patients.
Towards a Common Definition for the Diagnosis of Iron Deficiency in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

Iron deficiency (ID) in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases is frequent. However, under-diagnosis is also frequent due to the heterogeneity between guidelines from different medical societies. We applied a common definition for the diagnosis of ID to a large panel of patients with cancer, heart failure (HF), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and chronic kidney disease (CKD), where ID was defined as serum ferritin concentration <100 μg/L and/or a transferrin saturation (TSAT) index <20%. Prevalence estimates using this common definition were compared with that obtained with officially accepted definitions (ESMO 2018, ESC 2016, ECCO 2015, and ERBP 2013). For that purpose, we used data collected during the French CARENFER studies, which included 1232, 1733, 1090, and 1245 patients with cancer, HF, IBD, and CKD, respectively. When applying the common definition, ID prevalence increased to 58.1% (vs. 57.9%), 62.8% (49.6%), and 61.2% (23.7%) in cancer, HF, and IBD patients, respectively. Both prevalence estimates were similar (47.1%) in CKD patients. Based on our results, we recommend combining both ferritin concentration and TSAT index to define ID in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases. In those patients, adopting this common definition of ID should contribute to a better screening for ID, whatever the condition.
Uncovering Resistance to Hepatitis C Virus Infection: Scientific Contributions and Unanswered Questions in the Irish Anti-D Cohort

Infections caused inadvertently during clinical intervention provide valuable insight into the spectrum of human responses to viruses. Delivery of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-contaminated blood products in the 70s (before HCV was identified) have dramatically increased our understanding of the natural history of HCV infection and the role that host immunity plays in the outcome to viral infection. In Ireland, HCV-contaminated anti-D immunoglobulin (Ig) preparations were administered to approximately 1700 pregnant Irish rhesus-negative women in 1977–1979. Though tragic in nature, this outbreak (alongside a smaller episode in 1993) has provided unique insight into the host factors that influence outcomes after HCV exposure and the subsequent development of disease in an otherwise healthy female population. Despite exposure to highly infectious batches of anti-D, almost 600 of the HCV-exposed women have never shown any evidence of infection (remaining negative for both viral RNA and anti-HCV antibodies). Detailed analysis of these individuals may shed light on innate immune pathways that effectively block HCV infection and potentially inform us more generally about the mechanisms that contribute to viral resistance in human populations.
Conflict Detection and Resolution in IoT Systems: A Survey

Internet of Things (IoT) systems are becoming ubiquitous in various cyber–physical infrastructures, including buildings, vehicular traffic, goods transport and delivery, manufacturing, health care, urban farming, etc. Often multiple such IoT subsystems are deployed in the same physical area and designed, deployed, maintained, and perhaps even operated by different vendors or organizations (or “parties”). The collective operational behavior of multiple IoT subsystems can be characterized via (1) a set of operational rules and required safety properties and (2) a collection of IoT-based services or applications that interact with one another and share concurrent access to the devices. In both cases, this collective behavior often leads to situations where their operation may conflict, and the conflict resolution becomes complex due to lack of visibility into or understanding of the cross-subsystem interactions and inability to do cross-subsystem actuations. This article addresses the fundamental problem of detecting and resolving safety property violations. We detail the inherent complexities of the problem, survey the work already performed, and layout the future challenges. We also highlight the significance of detecting/resolving conflicts proactively, i.e., dynamically but with a look-ahead into the future based on the context.
Context-dependent Online Social Influence: Effect of Majority and Minority Comments on Posters and Lurkers

While participatory websites provide users with two distinctive contexts, such as posting opinions and lurking, not many studies examine how such contexts affect the ways in which users are influenced by peer opinions. In a 2 (context: posting vs. lurking) X 3 (peer-opinion composition: balanced, lopsided, or unanimous) between-subjects experiment, participants (N = 334) revealed their opinions in a public poll or in an anonymous survey. After reading a unanimous opinion in the comments, both posting and lurking groups agreed with the unanimous opinion to a greater extent than reading the balanced opinion. After reading opposing opinions of the numerical majority and the numerical minority of peer groups, posters leaned toward the majority opinion, and lurkers toward the minority opinion. Additional analyses revealed that different mechanisms governed the effects. The moderating effect of group identification and need for cognition implies that normative influence and informational influence underlies the majority effect and minority effect, respectively.
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 as a Therapeutic Target in Oxidative Stress-Related Diseases: Post-Translational Modifications Deserve More Attention

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) has both dehydrogenase and esterase activity; its dehydrogenase activity is closely related to the metabolism of aldehydes produced under oxidative stress (OS). In this review, we recapitulate the enzyme activity of ALDH2 in combination with its protein structure, summarize and show the main mechanisms of ALDH2 participating in metabolism of aldehydes in vivo as comprehensively as possible; we also integrate the key regulatory mechanisms of ALDH2 participating in a variety of physiological and pathological processes related to OS, including tissue and organ fibrosis, apoptosis, aging, and nerve injury-related diseases. On this basis, the regulatory effects and application prospects of activators, inhibitors, and protein post-translational modifications (PTMs, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, S-nitrosylation, nitration, ubiquitination, and glycosylation) on ALDH2 are discussed and prospected. Herein, we aimed to lay a foundation for further research into the mechanism of ALDH2 in oxidative stress-related disease and provide a basis for better use of the ALDH2 function in research and the clinic.
Exploring Approaches to Teaching Programming in 12th Grades Students. A Study after 20 Years of Teaching

From the school year 1999-2000, the course entitled "Informatics" is taught to 12th grade students who attend the scientific field "Sciences of Economy and Informatics" in Greek secondary education. The school students of this field wish to participate in the national examinations to be admitted to university departments of economics and informatics. The general purpose of the course is for school students to develop analytical and synthetic thinking, to acquire methodological skills and to be able to solve problems in a programming environment. The purpose of the study is to explore educators’ views on teaching algorithm in the 12th grade in order to explore whether interventions and changes in the way of approaching teaching are required. For this purpose, 1127 computer science educators who teach the course "Informatics" in schools participated in a survey to explore these issues. The results of the present study focus on the ways in which educators approach the basic algorithmic structures (sequence, selection and loops), data structures and modular programming as well as the ways in which the computer lab is used for teaching the content of the course. According to the results of the research, it seems that one out of three educators wants to approach the course with a specific programming language instead of a hypothetical Greek programming language designed specifically for the course. In addition, 50% of the educators gives great emphasis on the virtual execution of programs. At the same time, six out of ten use the computer lab in some way during the course, for the teaching needs of the course. The results show a diversity in educators’ teaching approaches when teaching algorithmic structures of sequence, selection and loops. Particularly high diversity is observed during the teaching of modular programming. Finally, the results of the research show the importance of educators’ training in issues concerning their pedagogical content knowledge and their technological content knowledge.
Bilingualism of Children in Immigrant families

This article mainly discusses racial discrimination and whether parents’ attitudes will lose their mother tongue, at the same time, it also includes the study of whether children’s learning of their mother tongue will affect their learning of a second language at the same time, so as to draw the attention of the immigrant family to put more focus on their children’s mother tongue. This paper also discussed whether the children should give up learning his mother tongue for the sake of a second language. Many countries and schools advocate that bilingual children should be better integrated into the local language by abandoning their mother tongue, which is totally unreasonable. It is disrespectful that schools cannot deprive immigrant children of the right to learn their own language and culture. Studies have shown that bilingual children who learn their mother tongue can learn the school language better in school, and bilingual children will have a deeper understanding of the language than monolingual children. It is unwise to abandon a kid’s mother tongue to learn a new language. What is more, children who learn bilingualism at the same time will have a deeper foundation in language, reading, and writing.