Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intelligent labeling of areas of wall painting with paint loss disease based on multi-scale detail injection U-Net

In the preservation and restoration of murals, labeling and recording the location and size of the paint loss disease can bring convenience to the subsequent restoration work. At present, the most common method of disease labeling is to draw the disease area manually on an orthophoto map by human-computer interaction. However, this method not only requires much time, but also leads to different labeling results due to different experts' experience. In recent years, with the development of artificial intelligence, machine learning and other technologies, it is possible to realize intelligent labeling through image processing and other methods. Therefore, this paper focuses on the mural paint loss disease and tries to explore the intelligent disease labeling method, hoping to efficiently and accurately mark the paint loss disease. In this paper, firstly, the disease labeling is transformed into an image segmentation problem, and proposes a mural paint loss disease labeling based on U-Net. However, it was experimentally found that much detailed information is often lost when the U-Net is used directly. Therefore, this paper further proposes multi-scale detail injection U-Net, including the constructed multi-scale module and the method of injecting shallow features into in-depth features, which could effectively extract more abundant edge information and improve the labeling accuracy. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the method proposed in this paper could actually achieve the intelligent labeling of the paint loss disease through the murals of the Liao Dynasty Feng Guo Temple in Yi County, Jinzhou City, China.
SLOW AND STORED LIGHT UNDER CONDITIONS OF ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY AND FOUR WAVE MIXING IN AN ATOMIC VAPOR

PAGE The recent prospect of efficient, reliable, and secure quantum communication relies on the ability to coherently and reversibly map nonclassical states of light onto long-lived atomic states. A promising technique that accomplishes this employs Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT), in which a strong classical control field modifies the optical properties of a weak signal field in such a way that a previously opaque medium becomes transparent to the signal field. The accompanying steep dispersion in the index of refraction allows for pulses of light to be decelerated, then stored as an atomic excitation, and later retrieved as a photonic mode. This dissertation presents the results of investigations into methods for optimizing the memory efficiency of this process in an ensemble of hot Rb atoms. We have experimentally demonstrated the effectiveness of two protocols for yielding the best memory efficiency possible at a given atomic density. Improving memory efficiency requires operation at higher optical depths, where undesired effects such as four-wave mixing (FWM) become enhanced and can spontaneously produce a new optical mode (Stokes field). We present the results of experimental and theoretical investigations of the FWM-EIT interaction under continuous-wave (cw), slow light, and stored light conditions. In particular, we provide evidence that indicates that while a Stokes field is generated upon retrieval of the signal field, any information originally encoded in a seeded Stokes field is not independently preserved during the storage process. We present a simple model that describes the propagation dynamics and provides an intuitive description of the EIT-FWM process.
A review on the extraction of cellulose and nanocellulose as a filler through solid waste management

This review study and explores the extraction and potential application of cellulose and nanocellulose from solid waste. Among different types of solid waste agricultural solid waste was found the most prominent for the formation of cellulose and nanocellulose. Factors affecting the properties of cellulose and nanocellulose were identified and discussed throughout the manuscript by referring reports on numerous case studies. The utilization of selected lignocellulosic biomass to produce cellulose and nanocellulose could decrease the amount of solid waste dumped on the landfills. Currently, raising awareness upon environmental issues and sustainability for the academicians, manufacturers, and policy makers to focus toward generating more biodegradable polymer products by reducing usage of nondegradable polymer products. Therefore, this study provides a review of various case studies in support of the production of cellulose and nanocellulose from solid waste, which offered the potential and possibility of commercialization of cellulose and nanocellulose products using existing conventional methods.
Corneal crosslinking for the treatment of infectious keratitis: a review

ABSTRACT Introduction: Collagen cross-linking (CXL) is a well-established treatment for the management of keratoconus. Considering corneal stiffening and antimicrobial effects of CXL, this procedure has been used for the treatment of infectious keratitis. Areas covered: This review summarizes all studies investigating the efficacy of CXL in infectious keratitis. A literature search was conducted in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and PubMed. All types of infectious keratitis are included in this review. We excluded non-English articles, CXL combined with other procedures, and CXL for corneal disorders other than infectious keratitis. Expert opinion: CXL has been used as an adjunctive, salvage, or even as the solitary therapy for infectious keratitis. The disparities in study design, treatment protocol, and outcome measures could confound the interpretation of the study results. Refractory bacterial keratitis may benefit from crosslinking through its bactericidal effects as well as rendering the cornea more resistance to proteolytic enzymes. The efficacy of CXL in the treatment of fungal and Acanthamoeba keratitis remains controversial. Additionally, there is no agreement on the CXL protocol for infectious keratitis. CXL can be applied in severe infectious keratitis with melting that is unresponsive to antimicrobial treatment in order to postpone or avoid emergency keratoplasty.
Wide–Narrow Row Planting Pattern Increases Root Lodging Resistance by Adjusting Root Architecture and Root Physiological Activity in Maize (Zea mays L.) in Northeast China

Root lodging (RL) in maize can reduce yield and grain quality. A wide–narrow row planting pattern can increase maize yield in the growing regions of northeastern China, but whether it can improve RL resistance is not clear. Therefore, in this study, the root architecture distribution, root physiological activity, and root lodging rate under planting pattern 1 (uniform ridge of 65 cm, east–west ridge direction) and pattern 2 (wide–narrow rows, 40 double narrow rows and 90 wide rows, north–south ridge direction) were studied. The results showed that the RL rate under pattern 2 was significantly lower than that under pattern 1. The number and diameter of nodal roots on the upper node, the root failure moment, and the root bleeding sap intensity at the 3 weeks after VT under pattern 2 were significantly higher than those under pattern 1. Root length density in the 0–40 cm soil layer tended to be inter-row distributed. Therefore, the RL resistance of maize under pattern 2 was increased through an adjustment in the root architecture distribution and root physiological activity in northeastern China.
The Effects of Endometriosis on Ovarian Functions

Infertility is a main manifestation of endometriosis, though the exact pathogenesis of endometriosis-associated infertility remains unclear. Compromised ovarian functions may be one of the causes of endometriosis related infertility. The ovarian function can be classified into three basic elements, (1) production of ovarian hormones, (2) maintenance of follicular development until ovulation, and (3) reservoir of dormant oocytes (ovarian reserve). The effects of endometriosis on ovarian hormone production and follicular development are inconclusive. Ovarian endometrioma is common phonotype of endometriosis. Development of endometrioma per se may affect ovarian reserve. Surgery for endometriomas further diminish ovarian reserve, especially women with bilateral involvement. Early intervention with surgery and/or medical treatment may be beneficial, though firm evidence is lacking. When surgery is chosen in women at reproductive age, specific techniques that spare ovarian function should be considered.
Single-Stage Isolated AC-AC Converter Without Commutation Problem

A single-stage isolated ac–ac converter without the commutation problem is proposed. The proposed converter has the step-up/down function dependence on the phase shift control which provides zero-voltage switching zero-voltage switching (ZVS) for all switches in rated condition. Also, the commutation paths of the secondary side switches are provided for any switching case by adding a single capacitor; originally, a filter capacitor is used for the switching mode power supply input, and in this case, this filter capacitor also solves the primary-side commutation problem. The ZVS and solving the commutation problem increase the power efficiency and reliability. The proposed converter achieves high power quality with a simple control algorithm. A 1 kW/ 220 Vrms prototype is implemented to verify the theoretical analysis and performance of the proposed converter. The California energy commission efficiency is 97.3%, the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the input current is 2.45% at full load, and the THD of the output voltage is 1.07% at full load.
Extraction of Pigments from Microalgae and Cyanobacteria—A Review on Current Methodologies

Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) under the auspices of Operational Program Human Capital (POCH), supported by the European Social Fund and Portuguese funds (MECTES); as well as by the national funds through FCT within the scope of UIDB/04423/2020, UIDP/04423/2020 and UIDB/04469/2020
3D Vertically Aligned and Interconnected Porous Carbon Nanosheets as Sulfur Immobilizers for High Performance Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries

A unique nanostructure of 3D and vertically aligned and interconnected porous carbon nanosheets (3D‐VCNs) is demonstrated by a simple carbonization of agar. The key feature of 3D‐VCNs is that they possess numerous 3D channels with macrovoids and mesopores, leading to high surface area of 1750 m2 g−1, which play an important role in loading large amount of sulfur, while vertically aligned microporous carbon nanosheets act as the multilayered physical barrier against polysulfides anions and prevent their dissolution in the electrolyte due to strong adsorption during cycling process. As a result, the 3D hybrid (3D‐S‐VCNs) infiltered with 68.3 wt% sulfur exhibits a high and stable reversible capacity of 844 mAh g−1 at the current density of 837 mA g−1 with excellent Coulombic efficiency ≈100%, capacity retention of ≈80.3% over 300 cycles, and good rate ability (the reversible capacity of 738 mAh g−1 at the high current density of 3340 mA g−1). The present work highlights the vital role of the introduction of 3D carbon nanosheets with macrovoids and mesopores in enhancing the performance of LSBs.
Evaluation of Three Electrochemical Dissolved Oxygen Meters

Dissolved oxygen (DO) is critical for aerobic life in aquatic environments. Rapid and accurate measurements of DO are necessary to quantify the rate of oxygen uptake and maintain optimum conditions in root zones. DO meters are available across a price range of USD99 to more than USD1000. We compared three meters for stability, response time, and accuracy in freshwater [tap water, 0 g⋅L–1 sodium chloride (NaCl)] and saline water (simulated seawater, 35 g⋅L–1 NaCl) across multiple temperatures. The Yellow Springs, Inc. 550A (YSI) and Sper Scientific 850048 (Sper) meters were stable across a range of water temperatures (12–38 °C) and salinity. The Smart Sensor Roeam AR8210 drifted ±50% within minutes after calibration and was not evaluated further. In freshwater, the YSI meter was within 4% and the Sper meter was within 5% of the theoretical value at 12 and 22 °C. Meters were less accurate at 38 °C. The accuracy in saline water was similar to freshwater. Across temperature and salinity, the response time averaged 10 s for the YSI meter and 15 s for the Sper meter. We conclude that the YSI and Sper meters can provide rapid, stable, and accurate measurements of DO.
Moderating effect of gender between social media needs and psychological wellbeing: a case study of Pakistani adolescents

ABSTRACT This study investigated the correlation between social media usage and psychological wellbeing among university students as well as the moderating role of gender between this relationship. A conceptual model was developed to empirically test and explore the effects of five social media needs derived from the Uses and Gratification theory on Ryff’s six dimensions of psychological wellbeing. Structural equation modeling analysis results revealed that social media needs vary between males and females. The significant moderating effect of gender was thus found on the relationship between social media needs and psychological wellbeing.
Patterns and determinants of effective coverage of routine maternal and newborn health visits in Nepal: Analysis of the 2016 Demographic and Health Survey

Background Antenatal care (ANC) visits, institutional delivery, and postnatal care (PNC) visits are vital for improved health of mothers and newborns. Access of these routine maternal and newborn health (MNH) visits have increased in the last few decades in Nepal; however, little is known on the effective uptake (including timely, skilled, frequent, and adequate care) of essential MNH interventions during those visits. This study examined the patterns of effective coverage (EC) of routine MNH visits and their determinants in Nepal. Methods A secondary analysis was conducted taking data from the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) 2016. The study included 1,978 women aged 15–49 years who had a live birth in the two years preceding the survey. Three outcome variables were EC of i) at least 4ANC visits, ii) institutional delivery, and iii) first PNC visit for newborns and mothers within 48 hours of childbirth. The independent variables included several structural, intermediary and health system factors. Binomial logistic regression analysis was conducted, and the magnitude of EC was reported as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The statistical significance level was set at p<0.05 (two-tailed). Results The effective coverage of 4ANC visits, institutional delivery, and PNC visit was 52%, 33% and 23%, respectively. Women with advantaged ethnicity were more likely and women living in province six, who speak the Maithili language, who had high birth order (≥4) were less likely to have good EC of MNH visits compared to their reference categories. Women who had access to a bank account, completed at least 4ANC visits or had caesarian-section delivery were more likely to have good EC of MNH visits. Women who perceived problem if not seen by female providers had poor EC of MNH visits compared to their reference counterpart. Conclusions Women with ethnic and social disadvantages and remote areas had poor EC of MNH visits. Continuous monitoring of EC of MNH visits is vital, especially among women with markers of disadvantages. Policies and programs should focus on increasing the uptake of essential MNH interventions, especially among women with social disadvantages and those living in remote areas.
Stability of milk fatty acid profile during simulated shipping for analysis by gas chromatography

Graphical Abstract Summary: Milk fat trans-10 C18:1 can be used in diagnosing milk fat depression, but it must be determined using gasliquid chromatography that commonly requires long-distance shipping for analysis. The objective of this study was to determine the effect heat treatment before storage and different storage temperatures on milk fatty acid (FA) profile over time to recommend a suitable shipping method. Heating the sample before shipping, shipping temperature, and shipping time had very little effect on any FA analyzed. Based on this, we propose that freezing samples and shipping in a sealed bag by second-day shipment is appropriate for gas-liquid chromatography analysis of FA profile.
Tuning the electronic properties at the surface of BaBiO3 thin films

The presence of 2D electron gases at surfaces or interfaces in oxide thin films remains a hot topic in condensed matter physics. In particular, BaBiO3 appears as a very interesting system as it was theoretically proposed that its (001) surface should become metallic if a Bi-termination is achieved (Vildosola et al., PRL 110, 206805 (2013)). Here we report on the preparation by pulsed laser deposition and characterization of BaBiO3 thin films on silicon. We show that the texture of the films can be tuned by controlling the growth conditions, being possible to stabilize strongly (100)-textured films. We find significant differences on the spectroscopic and transport properties between (100)-textured and non-textured films. We rationalize these experimental results by performing first principles calculations, which indicate the existence of electron doping at the (100) surface. This stabilizes Bi ions in a 3+ state, shortens Bi-O bonds and reduces the electronic band gap, increasing the surface conductivity. Our results emphasize the importance of surface effects on the electronic properties of perovskites, and provide strategies to design novel oxide heterostructures with potential interface-related 2D electron gases.
The association of embracing with daily mood and general life satisfaction: An ecological momentary assessment study

Embracing has several positive health effects, such as lowering blood pressure and decreasing infection risk. However, its impact on subjective well-being and daily mood has not been researched in detail, especially with regard to more stable states such as personality, feelings of loneliness or relationship status. Here, we used a smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment (EMA) approach to monitor the daily number of embraces and daily number of embraced individuals, as well as daily mood, in a sample of 94 adults over the course of seven days. We found that embracing frequency differs slightly over the week with embracing occurring more frequently on weekends than on weekdays. Using multilevel modeling, we found that loneliness and Neuroticism were negatively associated with daily mood. Interestingly, higher number of daily embraces were only associated with higher daily mood levels in individuals that demonstrated stronger feelings of loneliness. Daily embraces were positively associated with being in a relationship and Extraversion. Although our results are strictly correlational and do not indicate any direction or causality, embraces may have a positive impact on daily mood and thus subjective well-being in individuals with higher loneliness.
Urban/rural disparities in the wage effect of additional vocational education after formal education: the case of the Philippines

ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to investigate and compare rural and urban returns to additional vocational education after completing formal education in the Philippines. We estimate the returns to additional vocational education after formal education in formal employment and also rural/urban disparities for each industry sector. The investigation of the wage effect is based on the Mincerian Earnings Function, initially using OLS estimations and then correcting for sample selection bias using the Heckman method. Preliminary findings confirm that the wage effect is associated with additional vocational education for those completing secondary education, and the effect is more pronounced in rural than in urban areas. Thus, our principal finding is that vocational education is potentially more useful in rural areas, especially for those completing secondary education in the Philippines and especially considering that only about 6% of the workforce has completed any vocational education.
Residual Level, Profile and Potential Ecological Risk of Organochlorine Pesticides in Subsurface Sediments from Lakeshore Backfill Site and Lakebed of an Abandoned Oxidation Pond After Desilting for 15 Years

The occurrence and distribution of 19 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), together with microbial ester-linked fatty acid methyl ester (EL-FAME) profiles were investigated in sediments from an abandoned oxidation pond of Ya-Er lake, China, which had been heavily polluted by hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and chlorobenzenes in 1980s. Subsurface sediment samples were taken from five sediment cores along the transect running from lakeshore to lakebed. The concentration of total OCPs ranged from 29.8 to 941.8 ng g-1 dw, with a mean value of 193.3 ng g-1 dw. Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), HCHs and dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethanes (DDTs) were the three dominant OCP classes, accounting for 26.5%-97.4%, 1.8%-51.5%, and 0.4%-15.5% of the total, respectively. Hot spots of HCB, HCHs and DDTs were detected in 0.9-2.7 m deep layers of the lakeshore, where was one of the dredged sediment backfill sites for in-situ remediation of the oxidation pond in 2002-2004. High potential risks of HCHs and HCB were still indicated. Historical industrial input (27.2%), recent agricultural input (14.7%), and persistent residuals (14.3%) were the three major identified sources of OCPs, using Absolute Principal Component Scores-Multiple Linear Regression (APCS-MLR). Redundancy analysis of microbial EL-FAME profiles and nine dominant OCPs revealed that the spatial variation in microbial community structure was significantly corresponded with the OCP composition. This is the first study highlighted the concern on historical industrial inputs of OCPs in subsurface sediments of the lakeshore disposal zone. The findings could help to distinguish the artificial backfill sediments from natural polluted sediments for optimization of further desilting plans.
The Unique Process towards Sequential Bilingualism among Fan fiction Readers

The purpose of the present study is to discover if fan fiction can help English Language Learners (ELL) to learn English without formal education. This study aimed to ELLs’ background and identity, the process, and determine the language learners' perspectives toward English. This study used a qualitative approach. This study collected the data by conducting an online questionnaire via Google Form, which filled by fan fiction readers from the Tumblr platform. The sample was 20 participants from different countries worldwide with English as their second language (L2). The result of the study was analyzed using three techniques: data condensation, data display, and drawing and verifying conclusions. The finding showed that the ELLs’ age played a significant role in the language learning process. The finding also discovered that fan fiction readers consider English to connect with other people from different countries. Therefore, reading fan fiction can be concluded to be an effective way to learn English.