Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A New Compensatory Genetic Algorithm-Based Method for Effective Compressed Multi-function Convolutional Neural Network Model Selection with Multi-Objective Optimization

In recent years, there have been many popular Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), such as Google's Inception-V4, that have performed very well for various image classification problems. These commonly used CNN models usually use the same activation function, such as RELU, for all neurons in the convolutional layers; they are "Single-function CNNs. " However, SCNNs may not always be optimal. Thus, a "Multi-function CNN" (MCNN), which uses different activation functions for different neurons, has been shown to outperform a SCNN. Also, CNNs typically have very large architectures that use a lot of memory and need a lot of data in order to be trained well. As a result, they tend to have very high training and prediction times too. An important research problem is how to automatically and efficiently find the best CNN with both high classification performance and compact architecture with high training and prediction speeds, small power usage, and small memory size for any image classification problem. It is very useful to intelligently find an effective, fast, energy-efficient, and memory-efficient "Compressed Multi-function CNN" (CMCNN) from a large number of candidate MCNNs. A new compensatory algorithm using a new genetic algorithm (GA) is created to find the best CMCNN with an ideal compensation between performance and architecture size. The optimal CMCNN has the best performance and the smallest architecture size. Simulations using the CIFAR10 dataset showed that the new compensatory algorithm could find CMCNNs that could outperform non-compressed MCNNs in terms of classification performance (F1-score), speed, power usage, and memory usage. Other effective, fast, power-efficient, and memory-efficient CMCNNs based on popular CNN architectures will be developed for image classification problems in important real-world applications, such as brain informatics and biomedical imaging.
Title : Dietary intakes and food sources of fatty acids in Guatemalan schoolchildren : A cross-sectional study

sections. QUERY 7: Minor essential revisions: COMMENT FROM AUTHORS: Thank you to the reviewer for all these needed revision. ACTION TAKEN IN REVISION: Specific actions are included after each item. a) Title: “Dietary intakes and food sources of fat and fatty acids in Guatemalan schoolchildren” Suggestion taken. The title now reads: “Dietary intakes and food sources of fat and fatty acids in diets of Guatemalan schoolchildren: A crosssectional study” b) Abstract: there is an excessive use of abbreviations, and some are not defined. Write total fat, not TF. Define SES. Done highlighted in gray in the abstract c) Text: 1. Line 34: “low levels” instead of “unacceptable levels” Done highlighted in gray 2. Lines 47-48: there is no consensus about the consequences of a high-fat diet during childhood on risk of adulthood diseases, especially the onset of overweight and obesity. What is sure, and can be mentioned to justify the interest of this study, is that fat and fatty acid intakes during childhood can have long-term health consequences. We changed that sentence, which now reads: Dietary consumption of diets high in fats and in some fatty acids during childhood can have long-term health consequences. 3. line 51 (and line 62, and in the tables): ALA (#-linolenic acid) is 18:3n-3, not
Optimization of MALDI tissue imaging and correlation with immunohistochemistry in rat kidney sections

Cancer is responsible for approximately 6.7 million deaths and 10.9 million newly diagnosed cases worldwide per year. Currently, the definitive diagnosis of a tissue or cell sample is determined by molecular pathology and histochemical techniques, which assess tumour type, grade and stage. This information also allows for the diagnosis, prognosis and available treatment options to be established. In addition, immunohistochemistry (IHC) in combination with histochemistry is used to determine the surgical margin status of tumours, which can be correlated to the likelihood of recurrence. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging is a mass spectrometry profiling technique, which can be used to simultaneously identify multiple species within a tissue section. The array format of the acquisition allows for the creation of an image that is viewed in a similar way to an IHC section. MALDI imaging could potentially provide an alternative diagnostic assay that could be used to provide cancer prognosis. To assess the suitability of MALDI imaging for this application, sample preparation and MALDI imaging methodology were developed using a2u-globulin as an example protein. This protein is known to be preferably expressed in the kidneys of male rats allowing a proof-of-principle study to be performed comparing the expression levels and localization between male and female rat kidney sections. The expression of a2uglobulin was localized to the cortex region of the kidney, with the levels of a2u-globulin shown to be significantly higher in the male than the female kidney sections. These findings were validated by comparison with IHC data. The proof-of-principle study therefore demonstrated that MALDI imaging could be a potential alternative to current molecular pathology and histochemical techniques for the determination of tumour type, grade and stage as well as the determination of surgical margin status.
The QCD partition function and Chiral Random Matrices

2 Symmetries of QCD 1 2.1 Preliminaries . 1 2.2 Dirac spectrum . 3 2.3 Topology . 5 2.4 Chiralavour global symmetry . 6 2.5 Banks-Casher relation . 7
Revealing a latent variable: individual differences in affective response to repeated injections.

[Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported in Vol 129(5) of Behavioral Neuroscience (see record 2015-43762-001). In the article, there was an error in the abstract. The sentence "However, injections significantly increased time spent immobile in the forced swim test in LRs, while the identical regimen significantly decreased the same measure in HRs, compared with handled-controls. " should be "However, injections significantly increased time spent immobile in the forced swim test in HRs, while the identical regimen significantly decreased the same measure in LRs, compared with handled-controls. "] Latent variables may exist in experimental designs and may interfere with reproducibility of findings. The present study reveals 1 such variable, the individual differences in affective response to chronic injection stress, by using the novelty-seeking phenotype as a model of differential emotional reactivity. The phenotype is identified by exposing a population of experimentally naïve outbred rats to the mild stress of a novel environment and classifying them as high responders (HR; upper 1/3) and low responders (LR; lower 1/3) based on their locomotor reactivity. Research has shown that HR/LR animals differ in their basal levels of anxiety- and depressive-like behavior, as well as in their response to environmental and pharmacological challenges; suggesting validity of this model in studying individual differences in stress reactivity. The present data showed that 14 daily, intraperitoneal saline injections did not alter the phenotypic differences in social behavior observed basally in HR/LR rats. However, injections significantly increased time spent immobile in the forced swim test in HRs, [corrected] while the identical regimen significantly decreased the same measure in LRs, [corrected] compared with handled-controls. These data indicate that individual differences in stress reactivity can have a significant impact on the depressive-like responses to repeated intraperitoneal injections in rats. Given that such underlying emotional variability exists within standard, outbred rat populations, this study highlights the importance of accounting for such variability in any study investigating the effects of repeated drug administration on depressive-like behavior for reliability and replicability of findings. Thus, we recommend including an uninjected control group in all studies.
Evidence for Common Ancestral Origin of a Recurring BRCA1 Genomic Rearrangement Identified in High-Risk Hispanic Families

Background: Large rearrangements account for 8% to 15% of deleterious BRCA mutations, although none have been characterized previously in individuals of Mexican ancestry. Methods: DNA from 106 Hispanic patients without an identifiable BRCA mutation by exonic sequence analysis was subjected to multiplexed quantitative differential PCR. One case of Native American and African American ancestry was identified via multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. Long-range PCR was used to confirm deletion events and to clone and sequence genomic breakpoints. Splicing patterns were derived by sequencing cDNA from reverse transcription-PCR of lymphoblastoid cell line RNA. Haplotype analysis was conducted for recurrent mutations. Results: The same deletion of BRCA1 exons 9 through 12 was identified in five unrelated families. Long-range PCR and sequencing indicated a deletion event of 14.7 kb. A 3-primer PCR assay was designed based on the deletion breakpoints, identified within an AluSp element in intron 8 and an AluSx element in intron 12. Haplotype analysis confirmed common ancestry. Analysis of cDNA showed direct splicing of exons 8 to 13, resulting in a frameshift mutation and predicted truncation of the BRCA1 protein. Conclusions: We identified and characterized a novel large BRCA1 deletion in five unrelated families—four of Mexican ancestry and one of African and Native American ancestry, suggesting the possibility of founder effect of Amerindian or Mestizo origin. This BRCA1 rearrangement was detected in 3.8% (4 of 106) of BRCA sequence-negative Hispanic families. An assay for this mutation should be considered for sequence-negative high-risk Hispanic patients. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(8):1615–20)
Health‐related quality of life and gastrointestinal disease

Society is changing rapidly, and new aspects need to be considered when evaluating treatment of disease. Health‐related quality of life (HRQL) is a relatively new addition to the tools clinicians use to gain a better understanding of the impact of disease and its treatment. The questions ‘What is it? ’, ‘How it is measured? ’ and ‘How can the information be used? ’ are now better understood than a few years ago. Generic instruments to capture HRQL enable a broad assessment of a range of aspects and can be used to make comparisons between different patient populations. Irrespective of the choice of instrument, they can classify the influence of different factors, such as gender, age, general health status and disease severity. Health‐related quality of life assessments have been made in many areas of gastroenterology, such as reflux disease, inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome, to describe the burden of illness and the impact of treatment. Health‐related quality of life as a prediction of treatment response is another interesting option. Its ability in the context of surgical intervention and outcomes is also emerging even though more work must be done in this area. Health‐related quality of life evaluations, as an additional tool in the management of patients, are here to stay.
Ocular disposition of novel lipophilic diester prodrugs of ganciclovir following intravitreal administration using microdialysis

Purpose. The objective of the present study was to explore acyl diester prodrugs (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) of ganciclovir (GCV) to achieve sustained therapeutic concentrations of GCV in the vitreous over a prolonged period of time following intravitreal administration. Methods. Male New Zealand albino rabbits (2–2.5 kg) were used for these studies. Animals were kept under anesthesia throughout the course of an experiment using ketamine HCl and xylazine. A concentric microdialysis probe was implanted into the vitreous chamber with a 21-gauge needle and a linear microdialysis probe was inserted into the anterior chamber across the cornea using a 25-gauge needle. The probes were perfused with isotonic phosphate buffer saline (pH 7.4) at a flow rate of 2µl/min. GCV prodrugs (33.2µg of diacetate, 35.9µg dipropionate prodrugs, and 9.87µg of dibutyrate prodrug) or GCV (50, 25, and 12.5µg) were administered intravitreally and the microdialysis samples were collected every 20 minutes over a period of 10 hours. Results. Vitreal terminal elimination half-life of GCV was found to be similar with all three doses and ranged from 325 to 401 min. Elimination rate constant (? z) and vitreal clearance of diesters increased with the ester chain length. Vitreal elimination half-lives of GCV diacetate, dipropionate, and dibutyrate esters were found to be 112 ± 37, 41.9 ± 13.1, and 33.5 ± 6.5 min, respectively. Mean residence time (MRT) of regenerated GCV (356 ± 16 min, 341 ± 11 min and 324 ± 19 min from GCV diacetate, dipropionate and dibutyrate, respectively) increased by 2-fold following prodrug administration as compared to direct GCV administration (185 ± 28 min). Conclusions. GCV showed linear kinetics in the dose range studied. Acyl diester prodrugs of GCV generated therapeutic concentrations of GCV in vivo. Moreover, these studies have shown that MRT of GCV could be enhanced about 2-fold through prodrug modification.
Plasma Glucose and Insulin Response to Macronutrients in Nondiabetic and NIDDM Subjects

Information on the metabolic response in people with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) to ingested individual macronutrients is limited. Available information is reviewed herein. The major absorbed products of carbohydrate-containing foods are glucose, fructose, and galactose. The quantitative effect of these on the plasma glucose and insulin response is different for each. In addition, available data indicate that the glucose and particularly the insulin response is different from that in nondiabetic people. The quantitative effect of dietary proteins and fats on the circulating glucose and insulin concentrations in nondiabetic and NIDDM subjects also has been reviewed. Neither has a significant effect on the glucose concentration. Protein stimulates insulin secretion, and this is relatively more prominent in people with NIDDM. A strong synergistic interaction with glucose on insulin secretion is present, but this is absent in nondiabetic people. Ingested fat does not independently stimulate insulin secretion. However, when ingested with carbohydrate, it may have a considerable effect on the plasma glucose and/or insulin response to that carbohydrate, and the responses are different in nondiabetic and NIDDM subjects. This is probably not due to altered carbohydrate absorption. Intestinal hormones undoubtedly are playing a large role in the insulin secretory response in all of these studies, but this remains to be completely elucidated. Overall, the data indicate that the metabolic response to various foods determined in people with NIDDM may be different than that in nondiabetic people. In our opinion, much more information is required before dietary recommendations for NIDDM subjects can be made based on solid scientific data.
The CHA 2 DS 2-VASc score identifies those patients with atrial fibrillation and a CHADS 2 score of 1 who are unlikely to benefit from oral anticoagulant therapy

CLINICAL RESEARCH Arrhythmia/electrophysiology
Effect of virus infections on the function of the immune system.

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION. • • • . 525 HUMORAL IMMUNITy 526 CELLULAR IMMUNITy 532 RETICULOENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM AND PHAGOCYTOSIS • . , 533 IMPLICATIONS. 534 SUMMARY. • 535
A Study on the Host Range of Pratylenchus thorne;

Fig. 1. Phytophthora cinnamomi lesion development on a Eucalyptus sieberi seedling. '. , ; . ~ ;::;" : 1·'j. . "I 'L. 't' · f ; • . '~ t! ' ~~ . II t ~. ' . , ~, ( 11 Jl1>,'~ l·~ ~ ' . \ l. • •. 1. • i fl. ' "I . ' ~ r. :. , . ~ . \ ,,-t , ,. ~ . ' . ,,:. "" f'C. -" ~. _: . • ~l.t: , ~~ t. ; 1 ',,>, '. ,~. t' ~ I"~ . ':l:~ ~~~ . $~' ':. '. ; } '. ~ : :t'r. '". ;. ~·ti~ :. 74 . , ' 1~ ,,' ' . " :* ; ,; f . , ~. _ • • • :tt t t. -. _. It . , , •• •. '( ~t: 0;', ' ~ "'. " ! :o. ' . ", ~• . ~ &t~ it#_; · , 1,/0 ~ . : r ". ""'l W. K . :~ •• -. • " e -. • . , ' . 1 ' " . " ! ~ 't. :. ~ . -: . ';:. ~ . ' , . ,: (#. • ··f •'. ' " 0 " , _ , . " , '0 " . _ ' . ~t~\ ·l e ~ : : . ~~~: . ' :, "= . f' . _ 9' , " • • . • . " . ott· . ~. • . r. I . ;. ". , '. ~. ~ . ' . 'j~ . • . '. <' • OM, . • • z' . 0 ~ ', ,_ • . ' , . _. :. ~• . ~ " t ·nl! lC ~. · t . • • , j . II ' • . "'"~ • ' . , . ;, . , . Jot ' . ~ , \ . ••• . -tt . ~ . :c-:. ,~ \ {t . "'It . , ~ . ,. ~ '" . ' ~. ' '',10< . '. " " " . 0#. ' f ' ~ ~ ~'C : " . ~. ' '. ". _ . ' . ~ :. :,. ~ " .
Microbial ecology and evolution: a ribosomal RNA approach.

INTRODUCTION . 338 MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY AND MICROBES . 338 Ribosomal RNAs as Indicators of Phylogeny. 338 Analysis of Population
The interaction of bacteria with mammalian cells.

INTRODUCTION . 334 ANALYSIS OF BACTERIAL ENTRY INTO MAMMALIAN CELLS . 335 PATHWAYS FOR BACTERIAL ENTRY INTO MAMMALIAN CELLS . ,. 336 Multiple Pathways: The Uptake ofYersinia into Cultured Cells. 336 Molecular Mechanism of Invasin-Mediated Entry 337 Other Bacterial Genes Related to Yersinia Entry Factors. 338 Entry of Salmonella at the Apical Surface: A Regulated Process 339 Parallels in the Gram-Positive World . 342 Common Themes in Microbial Internalization . 342 EVENTS THAT OCCUR SUBSEQUENT TO INTERNALIZATION . 344 The Link Between Routes of Entry and Fate of the Bacteria. 344 Growth in a Vacuole . 345 Entry into Ihe Cytoplasm 350 Growth in the Cytoplasm . 35 I Actin Filaments and Cell-to-Cell Spread 351 SUMMARY AND PERSPECTIVE . 353
Adaptive Kernel Learning in Heterogeneous Networks

We consider learning in decentralized heterogeneous networks: agents seek to minimize a convex functional that aggregates data across the network, while only having access to their local data streams. We focus on the case where agents seek to estimate a regression <italic>function</italic> that belongs to a reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS). To incentivize coordination while respecting network heterogeneity, we impose nonlinear proximity constraints. The resulting constrained stochastic optimization problem is solved using the functional variant of stochastic primal-dual (Arrow-Hurwicz) method which yields a decentralized algorithm. In order to avoid the model complexity from growing linearly over time, we project the primal iterates onto subspaces greedily constructed from kernel evaluations of agents’ local observations. The resulting scheme, dubbed Heterogeneous Adaptive Learning with Kernels (HALK), allows us, for the first time, to characterize the precise trade-off between the optimality gap, constraint violation, and the model complexity. In particular, the proposed algorithm can be tuned to achieve zero constraint violation, an optimality gap of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathcal O}(T^{-1/2}+\alpha)$</tex-math></inline-formula> after <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T$</tex-math></inline-formula> iterations, where the number of elements retained in the dictionary is determined by <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1/\alpha$</tex-math></inline-formula>. Simulations on a correlated spatio-temporal field estimation validate our theoretical results, which are corroborated in practice for networked oceanic sensing buoys estimating temperature and salinity from depth measurements.
A prospective exploration of people’s experiences of and responses to symptoms in New Zealand and Pakistan

i ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . iii PUBLICATIONS . v TABLE OF CONTENTS . vi LIST OF FIGURES . xii LIST OF TABLES . xiii LIST OF APPENDICES . xv ABBREVIATIONS . xvi Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 1.0. Introduction . 2 1.1. Study Rationale . 4 1.2. Aims of the study . 4 1.3. Setting the context . 5 1.3. 1. New Zealand . 5 1.3. 1.1. The healthcare delivery system . 6 1.3. 2. Pakistan . 8 1.3. 2.1. The healthcare delivery system . 9 1.3. 3. Comparison of health-related statistics . 11 1.4. Overview of the study design . 11 1.5. Key concepts and working definitions . 12 1.6. Overview of the thesis . 13
Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir in treatment-experienced HCV-infected patients – short report

Aim of the study The aim of this overview was to evaluate the efficacy of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (SOF/VEL) combination in a real-life setting, with particular regard to treatment-experienced individuals. Material and methods Seventy-five consecutive patients who were treated with SOF/VEL, completed the 12-week follow-up and had sustained virologic response (SVR) evaluated were included in the analysis. Out of them, 60 (80%) patients were treatment-naïve and 15 (20%) were treatment-experienced. Results SVR rates reached 89.4% (66/75) in the whole study group and were comparable irrespective of the fibrosis stage or HCV genotype. However, a significant difference in treatment efficacy between treatment-naïve and treatment-experienced individuals was observed, with SVR rates of 98.3% (59/60) and 46.7% (7/15), respectively (p < 0.0001). Conclusions Further studies including large real-life cohorts of treatment-experienced patients treated with SOF/VEL are warranted to elucidate the real efficacy of this regimen as a retreatment option.
Characterization of Time Domain Pulses

Thomas Feurer University of Bern 5.1 Basics. 141 Two-Dimensional Distribution Functions • Filter Theory • Square Law Detector 5.2 Single-Path Detection Schemes . 152 Energyand Power-Meter • Spectrometer • nth-Order Intensity Correlation • Sonogram • Spectrogram: FROG • Spectrally and Temporally Resolved Frequency Conversion: STRUT 5.3 Two-Path Detection Schemes . 166 Linear Interferometry • nth-Order Interferometric Correlation • Spectral Interferometry • Spectral Shearing Interferometry: SPIDER 5.4 Summary . 172 References . 173
Contrasting Axial T2W MRI for Prostate Cancer Triage: A Self-Supervised Learning Approach

Current diagnostic practices for prostate cancer (PCa) suffer from over-diagnosis of indolent lesions and under-detection of aggressive ones. Deep learning (DL) techniques have shown potential in automatizing tasks and helping clinicians. Nevertheless, their success depend on the availability of large amounts of labeled data, which are rarely available in the medical field. Hence, transfer learning using ImageNet has become the de facto approach but it has been shown to be suboptimal for medical images. Contrastive learning is a form of self-supervised learning (SSL) that leverages unlabeled data to produce pre-trained models and has shown promising results on natural images. However, its application to MRI interpretation has been rather limited. In this work, we propose a contrastive approach (SimCLR) to produce models with better initializations for 2D PCa lesion classification. Our results show that linear and end-to-end fine-tuned models trained on our SSL pre-trained representations outperform ImageNet and random initialization.