Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Calcium Influx Regulates the Replication of Several Negative-Strand RNA Viruses Including Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus

SFTS is an emerging infectious disease and has a high mortality rate of up to 30%. There are no licensed vaccines or antivirals against SFTS. ABSTRACT Negative-strand RNA viruses (NSVs) represent one of the most threatening groups of emerging viruses globally. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a highly pathogenic emerging virus that was initially reported in 2011 from China. Currently, no licensed vaccines or therapeutic agents have been approved for use against SFTSV. Here, L-type calcium channel blockers obtained from a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved compound library were identified as effective anti-SFTSV compounds. Manidipine, a representative L-type calcium channel blocker, restricted SFTSV genome replication and exhibited inhibitory effects against other NSVs. The result from the immunofluorescent assay suggested that manidipine inhibited SFTSV N-induced inclusion body formation, which is believed to be important for the virus genome replication. We have shown that calcium possesses at least two different roles in regulating SFTSV genome replication. Inhibition of calcineurin, the activation of which is triggered by calcium influx, using FK506 or cyclosporine was shown to reduce SFTSV production, suggesting the important role of calcium signaling on SFTSV genome replication. In addition, we showed that globular actin, the conversion of which is facilitated by calcium from filamentous actin (actin depolymerization), supports SFTSV genome replication. We also observed an increased survival rate and a reduction of viral load in the spleen in a lethal mouse model of SFTSV infections after manidipine treatment. Overall, these results provide information regarding the importance of calcium for NSV replication and may thereby contribute to the development of broad-scale protective therapies against pathogenic NSVs. IMPORTANCE SFTS is an emerging infectious disease and has a high mortality rate of up to 30%. There are no licensed vaccines or antivirals against SFTS. In this article, L-type calcium channel blockers were identified as anti-SFTSV compounds through an FDA-approved compound library screen. Our results showed the involvement of L-type calcium channel as a common host factor for several different families of NSVs. The formation of an inclusion body, which is induced by SFTSV N, was inhibited by manidipine. Further experiments showed that SFTSV replication required the activation of calcineurin, a downstream effecter of the calcium channel. In addition, we identified that globular actin, the conversion of which is facilitated by calcium from filamentous actin, supports SFTSV genome replication. We also observed an increased survival rate in a lethal mouse model of SFTSV infection after manidipine treatment. These results facilitate both our understanding of the NSV replication mechanism and the development of novel anti-NSV treatment.
Potential of neonatal organ donation and outcome after transplantation

Organ transplantation is limited by access to suitable organs. Infant recipient waitlist mortality is increased due to the scarcity of size‐matched organs. Neonatal organ donors have been proposed as an underutilized source of donor organs. However, the literature on the actual prevalence and outcome of neonatal organ donation and transplantation is fragmented and not well analyzed. This literature review aims to summarize the available literature on the potential of neonatal organ donation and to analyze published cases of neonatal organ transplantation. A systematic search of the Medline and Cochrane databases yielded 2964 articles, which were screened for eligibility. In total, 86 articles were considered eligible, of which 34 were included in the literature review: 8 articles describing the potential of neonatal organ donation programs, and 26 articles describing clinical transplantation. Current evidence suggests there is a large pool of potential neonatal organ donors. In contrast, the literature on neonatal organ donor utilization is sparse. However, case series of successful kidney, heart, liver, hepatocyte, and multivisceral transplantation using organs from neonatal donors are summarized. Although good posttransplant organ function was achieved, the use of neonatal organs is associated with increased risk of thrombosis in both kidney and liver transplantation. Neonatal organ donation is a promising alternative for expanding the current donor pool. Experience is limited, but reported patient and graft survival are acceptable and more research on the subject is warranted.
Nasopharyngeal colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae in children and adults before the introduction of the 10-valent conjugate vaccine, Paraguay

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a cause of invasive diseases such as pneumonia, meningitis, and other serious infections among children and adults in Paraguay. This study was conducted to establish S. pneumoniae baseline prevalence, serotype distribution, and antibiotic resistance patterns in healthy children aged 2 to 59 months and adults ≥60 years of age prior to the introduction of PCV10 in the national childhood immunization program in Paraguay. Between April and July 2012, a total of 1444 nasopharyngeal swabs were collected, 718 from children aged 2 to 59 months and 726 from adults ≥60 years of age. The pneumococcal isolation, serotyping, and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using standard tests. Pneumococcal colonization prevalence was 34.1% (245/718) in children and 3.3% (24/726) in adults. The most frequent pneumococcal vaccine-types (VT) detected in the children were 6B (42/245), 19F (32/245), 14 (17/245), and 23F (20/245). Carriage prevalence with PCV10 serotypes was 50.6% (124/245) and PCV13 was 59.5% (146/245). Among colonized adults, prevalence of PCV10 and PCV13 serotypes were 29.1% (7/24) and 41.6% (10/24), respectively. Colonized children were more likely to share a bedroom, have a history of respiratory infection or pneumococcal infection compared to non-colonized children. no associations were found in adults. However, no significant associations were found in children and neither in adults. Vaccine-type pneumococcal colonization was highly prevalent in children and rare in adults in Paraguay prior to vaccine introduction, supporting the introduction of PCV10 in the country in 2012. These data will be useful to evaluate the impact of PCV introduction in the country.
The circumferential variation of the axial component of current in closely spaced thin-wire antennas

Closely spaced thin-wire antennas are analyzed by the moment method using the piecewise-sinusoidal function to describe the current variation along the length of the wire and a Fourier series for the circumferential variation. Data are presented for the circumferential variation of the surface current density of parallel dipoles obtained by the "thin-wire" theory, wire-grid model, and the present formulation. It is found that there is substantial circumferential variation, even for dioples spaced more than several wire diameters.
Chemical management of aquatic macrophytes under simulated floodplain condition in mesocosms

Abstract Floating natives (Eichhornia crassipes and Pistia stratiotes) and emergent exotic invasives (Hedychium coronarium and Urochloa arrecta) macrophytes grow as aquatic weeds in both natural and artificial floodplain areas in Brazil, where the chemical control should be researched. The herbicides glyphosate and saflufenacil, alone or mixed, were tested for weed control under simulated floodplain condition in mesocosms. Glyphosate (1,440 g ha−1), saflufenacil (120 g ha−1), or glyphosate (1,440 g ha−1) + saflufenacil (42, 84, and 168 g ha−1) were applied firstly; and 75 days after treatment (DAT), glyphosate (1,680 g ha−1) was applied as a follow-up treatment to control plant regrowth. An herbicide-free check was also used. Echhinornia crassipes was the species most susceptible to the different herbicides. Saflufenacil alone presented the lowest control on the macrophytes (≤45%) from 7 to 75 DAT, and in most cases they presented high regrowth rates, i.e., this herbicide was the least effective treatment in reducing the dry mass production of the macrophyte community. Glyphosate alone presented low efficacy to control H. coronarium (30–65%), but for the other macrophytes, it presented control peaks ≥90%, maintaining control levels ≥50% until 75 DAT. Glyphosate + saflufenacil, regardless rate of saflufenacil, caused similar damage to glyphosate in E. crassipes and P. stratiotes; however, in U. arrecta it caused 20–30% less injury. In contrast, these treatments provided the best control of H. coronarium. The complementary application of glyphosate was essential to improve the level of control of the first application, after plant regrowth.
Robotic Materials Transformable Between Elasticity and Plasticity

Robotic materials, with coupled sensing, actuation, computation, and communication, have attracted increasing attention because they are able to not only tune their conventional passive mechanical property via geometrical transformation or material phase change but also become adaptive and even intelligent to suit varying environments. However, the mechanical behavior of most robotic materials is either reversible (elastic) or irreversible (plastic), but not transformable between them. Here, a robotic material whose behavior is transformable between elastic and plastic is developed, based upon an extended neutrally stable tensegrity structure. The transformation does not depend on conventional phase transition and is fast. By integrating with sensors, the elasticity‐plasticity transformable (EPT) material is able to self‐sense deformation and decides whether to undergo transformation or not. This work expands the capability of the mechanical property modulation of robotic materials.
Updates in the treatment of Eating Disorders in 2022: a year in review in Eating Disorders: The Journal of Treatment & Prevention

ABSTRACT A broad array of important and diverse studies surrounding the treatment of eating disorders were published in Eating Disorders: The Journal of Treatment & Prevention in 2022. Novel interventions such as neurosurgical and neuromodulatory treatments were discussed, as evidence continues to mount around their potential utility in treating eating disorders, in particular namely anorexia nervosa. Important pragmatic and theoretical developments around feeding and refeeding approaches emerged, and are also discussed. In this review, we carefully review evidence alluding to the potential efficacy of exercise in partially ameliorating binge eating disorder symptomatology, while examining broader evidence underscoring the importance of therapeutically ameliorating compulsive exercise in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. In addition, we overview evidence relating to the risk and sequelae associated with premature discharge from intensive eating disorder treatment, as well as the efficacy of CBT versus group therapy-based maintenance treatments. Finally, important developments around the use of open versus blind weighing in treatment are assessed. Overall, the articles published in Eating Disorders: The Journal of Treatment & Prevention in 2022 evidence the promise of treatment advances in the field and requires further work to address the development of efficacious treatments to achieve greater outcomes for those with eating disorders.
Causal violation of the speed of sound and the equation of state of nuclear matter

The causal violation of the adiabatic speed of sound in nuclear matter at high density and/or high temperature is studied with phenomenological density-dependent effective interactions within the framework of the density matrix expansion and the non-relativistic Fermi-gas model. This study shows that the causal violation is essentially governed by the range of the exchange component and the nature of the density dependence of the effective interaction used to derive the equation of state (EOS) of nuclear matter as a function of density and temperature. With a model effective interaction consisting of a short-range density-dependent part of -function form and a long-range density-independent part of Gaussian form, it is observed that the causal violation can be completely avoided if the long-range part of the exchange component of the interaction has a range and if the density dependence of the interaction is chosen in the form ( with ) instead of the Skyrme approximation . The implications of these restrictions on the effective interaction imposed by causality are also discussed.
High power, widely tunable, mode-hop free, continuous wave external cavity quantum cascade laser for multi-species trace gas detection

We present a high power, widely tunable, continuous wave external cavity quantum cascade laser designed for infrared vibrational spectroscopy of molecules exhibiting broadband and single line absorption features. The laser source exhibits single mode operation with a tunability up to 303 cm−1 (∼24% of the center wavelength) at 8 μm, with a maximum optical output power of 200 mW. In combination with off-axis integrated output spectroscopy, trace-gas detection of broadband absorption gases such as acetone was performed and a noise equivalent absorption sensitivity of 3.7 × 10−8 cm−1 Hz−1/2 was obtained.
(Why) Is Misinformation a Problem?

In the last decade there has been a proliferation of research on misinformation. One important aspect of this work that receives less attention than it should is exactly why misinformation is a problem. To adequately address this question, we must first look to its speculated causes and effects. We examined different disciplines (computer science, economics, history, information science, journalism, law, media, politics, philosophy, psychology, sociology) that investigate misinformation. The consensus view points to advancements in information technology (e.g., the Internet, social media) as a main cause of the proliferation and increasing impact of misinformation, with a variety of illustrations of the effects. We critically analyzed both issues. As to the effects, misbehaviors are not yet reliably demonstrated empirically to be the outcome of misinformation; correlation as causation may have a hand in that perception. As to the cause, advancements in information technologies enable, as well as reveal, multitudes of interactions that represent significant deviations from ground truths through people’s new way of knowing (intersubjectivity). This, we argue, is illusionary when understood in light of historical epistemology. Both doubts we raise are used to consider the cost to established norms of liberal democracy that come from efforts to target the problem of misinformation.
Memory effect for polarization of pump light in optically pumped vertical-cavity semiconductor lasers

We report that the polarization of the emission of an optically pumped vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) is sensitive to the polarization state of the pump light. By measuring this memory effect for circularly polarized pump light, we determine the normalized relaxation rate of the carrier spin, /spl Gamma//sub s/, which is a vital parameter in current theoretical models of VCSEL polarization. We find /spl Gamma//sub s/=300/spl plusmn/150, a value which is significantly larger than previously estimated. We also observe a memory effect for the orientation of linearly polarized pump light. This signals that, apart from the carrier spin, the VCSEL polarization is also determined by the carrier momentum.
Shrub and precipitation interactions shape functional diversity of nematode communities on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

Land use and climate change alter biodiversity patterns and ecosystem functioning worldwide. Land abandonment with consequent shrub encroachment and changes in precipitation gradients are known factors in global change. Yet, the consequences of interactions between these factors on the functional diversity of belowground communities remain insufficiently explored. Here, we investigated the dominant shrub effects on the functional diversity of soil nematode communities along a precipitation gradient on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. We collected three functional traits (life‐history C–P value, body mass, and diet) and calculated the functional alpha and beta diversity of nematode communities using kernel density n‐dimensional hypervolumes. We found that shrubs did not significantly alter the functional richness and dispersion, but significantly decreased the functional beta diversity of nematode communities in a pattern of functional homogenization. Shrubs benefited nematodes with longer life‐history, larger body mass, and higher trophic levels. Moreover, the shrub effects on the functional diversity of nematodes depended strongly on precipitation. Increasing precipitation reversed the effects shrubs have on the functional richness and dispersion from negative to positive but amplified the negative effects shrubs have on functional beta diversity of nematodes. Benefactor shrubs had stronger effects on the functional alpha and beta diversity of nematodes than allelopathic shrubs along a precipitation gradient. A piecewise structural equation model showed that shrubs and its interactions with precipitation indirectly increased the functional richness and dispersion through plant biomass and soil total nitrogen, whereas it directly decreased the functional beta diversity. Our study reveals the expected changes in soil nematode functional diversity following shrub encroachment and precipitation, advancing our understanding of global climate change on nematode communities on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau.
All Fundamental Groups are almost Contact

If the structure on the base space of the bundle is integrable, then the one on the total space can be chosen to be integrable as well. In this case, our construction reduces to that of Boothby and Wang [1], enhanced by control on the fundamental group, and we obtain an inclusion of the class of fundamental groups of symplectic 2«-manifolds into that of fundamental groups of contact (2« + l)-manifolds. This is interesting only for n = 2, because in dimensions In +1 ^ 7 , all finitely presentable groups arise as fundamental groups of contact manifolds which are the unit tangent bundles of closed Riemannian (n+ l)-manifolds. Note also that all orientable 3manifolds admit contact structures [3].
The asymptotics of string matching probabilities for Gaussian random sequences

Wyner and Ziv (1989) studied the asymptotic properties of recurrence times of stationary processes, and applied the results to obtain optimal data compression schemes in information transmission. Since then many data compression algorithms based upon string matching have been proposed and studied. We consider Gaussian stationary sources and study the problem of string matching with distortion. We prove theorems concerning the asymptotic behavior of the probability of string matching with distortion and the waiting time for the string matching.
Occupational Characteristics Associated With Professional Fulfillment and Burnout Among US Physiatrists

Introduction Multiple national studies suggest that among physicians, physiatrists are at increased risk for occupational burnout. Objective The aim of the study is to identify characteristics of the work environment associated with professional fulfillment and burnout among US physiatrists. Design Between May and December 2021, a mixed qualitative and quantitative approach was used to identify factors contributing to professional fulfillment and burnout in physiatrists. Setting Online interviews, focus groups, and survey were conducted. Participants The participants are physiatrists in the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Membership Masterfile. Main Outcome Measures Burnout and professional fulfillment were assessed using the Stanford Professional Fulfillment Index. Results Individual interviews with 21 physiatrists were conducted to identify domains that contributed to professional fulfillment followed by focus groups for further definition. Based on themes identified, scales were identified or developed to evaluate: control over schedule (6 items, Cronbach α = 0.86); integration of physiatry into patient care (3 items, Cronbach α = 0.71); personal-organizational values alignment (3 items, Cronbach α = 0.90); meaningfulness of physiatrist clinical work (6 items, Cronbach α = 0.90); teamwork and collaboration (3 items, Cronbach α = 0.89). Of 5760 physiatrists contacted in the subsequent national survey, 882 (15.4%) returned surveys (median age, 52 yrs; 46.1% women). Overall, 42.6% (336 of 788) experienced burnout and 30.6% (244 of 798) had high levels of professional fulfillment. In multivariable analysis, each one-point improvement in control over schedule (odds ratio = 1.96; 95% confidence interval = 1.45–2.69), integration of physiatry into patient care (odds ratio = 1.77; 95% confidence interval = 1.32–2.38), personal-organizational values alignment (odds ratio = 1.92; 95% confidence interval = 1.48–2.52), meaningfulness of physiatrist clinical work (odds ratio = 2.79; 95% confidence interval = 1.71–4.71), and teamwork and collaboration score (odds ratio = 2.11; 95% confidence interval = 1.48–3.03) was independently associated with higher likelihood of professional fulfillment. Conclusions Control over schedule, optimal integration of physiatry into clinical care, personal-organizational values alignment, teamwork, and meaningfulness of physiatrist clinical work are strong and independent drivers of occupational well-being in US physiatrists. Variation in these domains by practice setting and subspecialty suggests that tailored approaches are needed to promote professional fulfillment and reduce burnout among US physiatrists.
The Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as a Predictor of Postoperative Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Background The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been suggested as a novel predictive marker of cardiovascular disease. However, its prognostic role in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is unclear. This study aimed to determine the association between the preoperative NLR and early mortality in patients undergoing CABG. Methods Cardiac surgery was performed in 2,504 patients at Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital from January 2010 to December 2021. This study retrospectively reviewed 920 patients who underwent isolated CABG, excluding those for whom the preoperative NLR was unavailable. The primary endpoints were the 30- and 90-day mortality after isolated CABG. Risk factor analysis was performed using logistic regression analysis. Based on the optimal cut-off value of preoperative NLR on the receiver operating characteristic curve, high and low NLR groups were compared. Results The 30- and 90-day mortality rates were 3.8% (n=35) and 7.0% (n=64), respectively. In the multivariable analysis, preoperative NLR was significantly associated with 30-day mortality (odds ratio [OR], 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17–1.39; p<0.001) and 90-day mortality (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.07–1.28; p<0.001). The optimal cut-off value of the preoperative NLR was 3.4. Compared to the low NLR group (<3.4), the high NLR group (≥3.4) showed higher 30- and 90-day mortality rates (1.4% vs. 12.1%, p<0.001; 2.8% vs. 21.3%, p<0.001, respectively). Conclusion Preoperative NLR was strongly associated with early mortality after isolated CABG, especially in patients with a high preoperative NLR (≥3.4). Further studies with larger cohorts are necessary to validate these results.