Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application and key technologies of high-resolution satellite images in highway management

In recent years, China's highway construction has developed rapidly with huge investment. However, the highway management is relatively extensive and there is a need to improve supervision and service in the fields of road planning, investment, construction and maintenance. Satellite images have the outstanding advantages of large coverage, authenticity and low cost, which can be used as the data basis of highway management. This paper analyzes and compares the available satellite image resources in highway management, and summarizes the typical application fields in highway management. At the same time, aiming at the difficulties in the application of satellite images in rural highway management, the algorithm mechanism of rural highway network extraction and line enhancement is proposed, which can significantly improve the application effect.
Poisson's Ratio of f.c.c. Hard‐Sphere Crystals with Cubic Supercells Containing Four Nanochannels Filled by Hard Spheres of Another Diameter

It is known that a face centered cubic (f.c.c.) crystal of identical hard spheres containing a periodic array of nanochannels, oriented along one of the principal crystallographic directions and filled by hard spheres of another diameter, shows a significant decrease of its Poisson's ratio with respect to pristine crystal. This indicates an essential enhancement of auxetic properties by such nanoinclusions. The present work describes studies of the f.c. c. hard‐sphere crystal containing four nanochannel arrays, oriented along the [ 111 ] direction and its images with respect to cubic symmetry group transformations and selected in such a way as to not affect the symmetry of the crystal. The elastic properties of the current model are analyzed under different thermodynamic conditions and for different sizes of inclusions. These studies reveal that the auxetic properties of the system vanish when the diameters of inclusion spheres are greater than the ones forming the matrix f.c. c. crystal and, in the case of the widest nanochannels, also when these diameters are smaller. The studies are performed by Monte Carlo computer simulations in the isothermal–isobaric (NpT) ensemble, using the Parrinello–Rahman approach.
$\infty$-topoi and Natural Phenomena: Generation

We show that the Segal topos of derived stacks over simplicial commutative $k$-algebras, which can be used to model natural phenomena, has a subobject classifier, something we regard as being a source from which dynamics is generated. This is done by considering the $\infty$-category associated to such a Segal topos, which turns out to be an $\infty$-topos. At this point we have the formalism of Higher topoi at our disposal to deal with Higher Category Theory concepts in a transparent manner.
A Comparison of 13CO Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium and True Column Densities in Molecular Cloud Models

In this work we use models of molecular clouds and non-LTE radiative transfer calculations to compare the column densities of molecular clouds with their LTE 13CO column densities. The cloud models consist of three-dimensional grids of density and velocity fields obtained as solutions of the compressible magnetohydrodynamic equations in a 1283 periodic grid in both the supersonic and super-Alfvénic regimes. Because of the random nature of the velocity field and the presence of shocks, the densities span a continuous range of values covering about 6 orders of magnitude (from ~0.1 to ~105 cm-3). As a result, the LTE column densities can be calculated over 3 orders of magnitude. We find that LTE column densities of molecular clouds typically underestimate the mean 13CO true column densities by factors ranging from 1.3 to 7. These results imply that the standard LTE methods for the derivation of column densities from CO data systematically underestimate the true values independent of other major sources of uncertainty such as the relative abundance of CO.
Spatial-Controlled Coating of Pro-Angiogenic Proteins on 3D Porous Hydrogels Guides Endothelial Cell Behavior

In tissue engineering, the composition and the structural arrangement of molecular components within the extracellular matrix (ECM) determine the physical and biochemical features of a scaffold, which consequently modulate cell behavior and function. The microenvironment of the ECM plays a fundamental role in regulating angiogenesis. Numerous strategies in tissue engineering have attempted to control the spatial cues mimicking in vivo angiogenesis by using simplified systems. The aim of this study was to develop 3D porous crosslinked hydrogels with different spatial presentation of pro-angiogenic molecules to guide endothelial cell (EC) behavior. Hydrogels with pores and preformed microchannels were made with pharmaceutical-grade pullulan and dextran and functionalized with novel pro-angiogenic protein polymers (Caf1-YIGSR and Caf1-VEGF). Hydrogel functionalization was achieved by electrostatic interactions via incorporation of diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)–dextran. Spatial-controlled coating of hydrogels was realized through a combination of freeze-drying and physical absorption with Caf1 molecules. Cells in functionalized scaffolds survived, adhered, and proliferated over seven days. When incorporated alone, Caf1-YIGSR mainly induced cell adhesion and proliferation, whereas Caf1-VEGF promoted cell migration and sprouting. Most importantly, directed cell migration required the presence of both proteins in the microchannel and in the pores, highlighting the need for an adhesive substrate provided by Caf1-YIGSR for Caf1-VEGF to be effective. This study demonstrates the ability to guide EC behavior through spatial control of pro-angiogenic cues for the study of pro-angiogenic signals in 3D and to develop pro-angiogenic implantable materials.
Co-periodic stability of periodic waves in some Hamiltonian PDEs

The stability of periodic traveling wave solutions to dispersive PDEs with respect to ‘arbitrary’ perturbations is still widely open. The focus is put here on stability with respect to perturbations of the same period as the wave, for KdV-like systems of one-dimensional Hamiltonian PDEs. Stability criteria are derived and investigated first in a general abstract framework, and then applied to three basic examples that are very closely related, and ubiquitous in mathematical physics, namely, a quasilinear version of the generalized Korteweg–de Vries equation (qKdV), and the Euler–Korteweg system in both Eulerian coordinates (EKE) and in mass Lagrangian coordinates (EKL). Those criteria consist of a necessary condition for spectral stability, and of a sufficient condition for orbital stability. Both are expressed in terms of a single function, the abbreviated action integral along the orbits of waves in the phase plane, which is the counterpart of the solitary waves moment of instability introduced by Boussinesq. Regarding solitary waves, the celebrated Grillakis–Shatah–Strauss stability criteria amount to looking for the sign of the second derivative of the moment of instability with respect to the wave speed. For periodic waves, the most striking results obtained here can be summarized as: an odd value for the difference between N—the size of the PDE system—and the negative signature of the Hessian of the action implies spectral instability, whereas a negative signature of the same Hessian being equal to N implies orbital stability. Since these stability criteria are merely encoded by the negative signature of matrices, they can at least be checked numerically. Various numerical experiments are presented, which clearly discriminate between stable cases and unstable cases for (qKdV), (EKE) and (EKL).
Independent Events in a Simple Random Experiment and the Meaning of Independence

We count the number and patterns of pairs and tuples of independent events in a simple random experiment: first a fair coin is flipped and then a fair die is tossed. The first number, equal to 888,888, suggest that there are some open questions about the structure of independence even in a finite sample space. We discuss briefly these questions and possible approaches to answer them.
The Overlap Gap Between Left-Infinite and Right-Infinite Words

We study ultimate periodicity properties related to overlaps between the suffixes of a left-infinite word [Formula: see text] and the prefixes of a right-infinite word [Formula: see text]. The main theorem states that the set of minimum lengths of words [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] is finite, where [Formula: see text] runs over positive integers and [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are respectively the suffix of [Formula: see text] and the prefix of [Formula: see text] of length [Formula: see text], if and only if [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are ultimately periodic words of the form [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for some finite words [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].
Chern-Simons Improved Hamiltonians for Strings in Three Space Dimensions

The Frenet equation governs the extrinsic geometry of a string in three-dimensional ambient space in terms of the curvature and torsion, which are both scalar functions under string reparameterisations. The description engages a local SO(2) gauge symmetry, which emerges from the invariance of the extrinsic string geometry under local frame rotations around the tangent vector. Here we inquire how to construct the most general SO(2) gauge invariant Hamiltonian of strings, in terms of the curvature and torsion. The construction instructs us to introduce a long-range (self-) interaction between strings, which is mediated by a three dimensional bulk gauge field with a Chern-Simons self-interaction. The results support the proposal that fractional statistics should be prevalent in the case of three dimensional string-like configurations.
LPV design for a CD player: an experimental evaluation of performance

We present the experimental evaluation of the performance achieved by a linear parametrically varying (LPV) control design for a compact disc player servomechanism. Experimental results show that LPV techniques allow one to obtain better performance than the linear time invariant design. Furthermore, we show that the use of a parameter-independent Lyapunov matrix in the synthesis algorithm does not introduce conservatism in our design, as it would be theoretically expected. We prove that in the case of a single scheduling parameter, the use of block-diagonal multipliers is not more conservative than that of full-block multipliers. We also provide an algorithm for the construction of a scheduling function which is alternative to that presented by Scherer (2000) and which is more suitable for real-time implementation.
Differentiable Depth for Real2Sim Calibration of Soft Body Simulations

In this work, we present a novel approach for calibrating material model parameters for soft body simulations using real data. We use a fully differentiable pipeline, combining a differentiable soft body simulator and differentiable depth rendering, which permits fast gradient‐based optimizations. Our method requires no data pre‐processing, and minimal experimental set‐up, as we directly minimize the L2‐norm between raw LIDAR scans and rendered simulation states. In essence, we provide the first marker‐free approach for calibrating a soft‐body simulator to match observed real‐world deformations. Our approach is inexpensive as it solely requires a consumer‐level LIDAR sensor compared to acquiring a professional marker‐based motion capture system. We investigate the effects of different material parameterizations and evaluate convergence for parameter optimization in both single and multi‐material scenarios of varying complexity. Finally, we show that our set‐up can be extended to optimize for dynamic behaviour as well.
French validation of the M-Back questionnaire: assessing clinicians' knowledge of metabolic syndrome in psychiatry

Summary CONTEXT: Physical health is generally poorer in patients with mental illness than in the general population. Cardio-vascular diseases linked to metabolic syndrome are the principle issue encountered by these patients. The four-factor M-BACK questionnaire was developed in Australia to measure the barriers, attitudes, confidence and knowledge of health staff in relation to metabolic syndrome. The goal of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the French translation of the M-Back questionnaire. METHODS: The French M-Back was completed online by 137 mental health professionals. Internal validity was assessed using Bayesian structural equation modelling, which is halfway between exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Concurrent validity was estimated by studying the relationship between the M-Back scores and several important socio-professional variables. RESULTS: The four-factor model showed good fit to the data. Two items had significant cross-loadings on other dimensions. Hypothesised relationships between M-back scores and socio-professional variables were confirmed. CONCLUSION: The French M-Back is a valid tool to measure the barriers, attitudes, confidence and knowledge of health staff in relation to metabolic syndrome and could be used to identify training needs in this domain among health professionals.
An Approach to Urban Dynamics

Spatial cycles that are general to the urbanization process have been widely observed in the developed countries. These include (a) the decline of large agglomerations and the emergence of medium-sized municipalities, and (b) population decreases in the core and population increases in the suburban parts of the metropolitan area, followed later by contrasting increases in the core and decreases in the suburbs. In this paper, we formulate a mathematical model for such spatial cycles of the urbanization process as those mentioned above. Based on this model, we ascertain some general characteristics of these cycles of urban dynamics. From our findings, we can propose a long-term strategy for the urbanization process.
Optimized‐Based Stabilization of Constrained Nonlinear Systems: A Receding Horizon Approach

The problem of stabilizing constrained nonlinear systems while optimizing performance is investigated in this paper. The tool of weak control Lyapunov functions (WCLFs) is introduced to construct a tuning Sontag's controller where some adjustable parameters are optimized with respect to given performances in a receding horizon fashion. Two algorithms are presented and the corresponding closed‐loop systems with input constraints are proven to be stable in some regions by using the LaSalle's theorem and the properties of WCLFs. Moreover, the inverse optimality result of the controller is achieved. Finally, two open‐loop unstable examples are used to illustrate the performance and effectiveness of the results obtained here.
A sustainability condition for stochastic forest model

A stochastic forest model of young and old age class trees is studied. First, we prove existence, uniqueness and boundedness of global nonnegative solutions. Second, we investigate asymptotic behavior of solutions by giving a sufficient condition for sustainability of the forest. Under this condition, we show existence of a Borel invariant measure. Third, we present several sufficient conditions for decline of the forest. Finally, we give some numerical examples.
Ground state property of Neumann domains on the torus

Neumann domains form a natural counterpart to nodal domains for Laplacian eigenfunctions. It is well-known that the restriction of an eigenfunction to a nodal domain always yields the ground state of the Dirichlet problem on that nodal domain. It was asked in [Zel13] and [BF16] whether this 'ground state property' also holds for Neumann domains. Here we show that this holds for half of the Neumann domains for some torus eigenfunctions. Our proof is based on a novel rearrangement method via a 'reference system', indirectly allowing a comparison between possible ground states.
One-cut solution of the β ensembles in the Zhukovsky variable

In this paper, we study in detail the modified topological recursion of the one-matrix model for arbitrary β in the one-cut case. We show that, for polynomial potentials, the recursion can be computed as a sum of residues. However, the main difference with the Hermitian matrix model is that the residues cannot be set at the branch points of the spectral curve but require the knowledge of the whole curve. In order to establish non-ambiguous formulae, we place ourselves in the context of the globalizing parameterization which is specific to the one-cut case (also known as Zhukovsky parameterization). This situation is particularly interesting for applications since in most cases the potentials of the matrix models only have one cut in string theory. Finally, the paper exhibits some numerical simulations of histograms of the limiting density of eigenvalues for different values of the parameter β.
On minimal spheres of area 4$\pi$ and rigidity

Let $M$ be a complete Riemannian $3$-manifold with sectional curvatures between $0$ and $1$. A minimal $2$-sphere immersed in $M$ has area at least $4\pi$. If an embedded minimal sphere has area $4\pi$, then $M$ is isometric to the unit $3$-sphere or to a quotient of the product of the unit $2$-sphere with $\mathbb{R}$, with the product metric. We also obtain a rigidity theorem for the existence of hyperbolic cusps. Let $M$ be a complete Riemannian $3$-manifold with sectional curvatures bounded above by $-1$. Suppose there is a $2$-torus $T$ embedded in $M$ with mean curvature one. Then the mean convex component of $M$ bounded by $T$ is a hyperbolic cusp;,i.e., it is isometric to $\mathbb{T} \times \mathbb{R}$ with the constant curvature $-1$ metric: $e^{-2t}d\sigma_0^2+dt^2$ with $d\sigma_0^2$ a flat metric on $\mathbb{T}$.
Generating functions for power moments of elliptic curves over $\mathbb{F}_p$

Seminal works by Birch and Ihara gave formulas for the $m$th power moments of the traces of Frobenius endomorphisms of elliptic curves over $\mathbb{F}_{p}$ for primes $p \geq 5$. Recent works by Kaplan and Petrow generalized these results to the setting of elliptic curves that contain a subgroup isomorphic to a fixed finite abelian group $A$. We revisit these formulas and determine a simple expression for the zeta function $Z_p(A; t)$, the generating function for these $m$th power moments. In particular, we find that \[ Z_p(A;t) = \frac{\widehat{Z}_p(A; t)}{\displaystyle \prod_{a \in \textrm{Frob}_p(A)}(1 - at)},\] where $\textrm{Frob}_p(A) := \{ a \, \colon -2\sqrt{p} \leq a \leq 2\sqrt{p}\, \text{ and } a \equiv p+1 \pmod{|A|}\}$, and $\widehat{Z}_p(A;t)$ is an easily computed polynomial that is determined by the first $\Big\lceil\frac{2\lfloor 2\sqrt{p}\rfloor}{|A|}\Big\rceil$ power moments. These rational zeta functions have two natural applications. We find rational generating functions in weight aspect for traces of Hecke operators on $S_k(\Gamma)$ for various congruence subgroups $\Gamma$. We also prove congruence relations for power moments by making use of known congruences for traces of Hecke operators.
Alternating projections on non-tangential manifolds

We consider sequences $(B_k)_{k=0}^\infty$ of points obtained by projecting back and forth between two manifolds $\M_1$ and $\M_2$, and give conditions guaranteeing that the sequence converge to a limit $B_\infty\in\M_1\cap\M_2$. Our motivation is the study of algorithms based on finding the limit of such sequences, which have proven useful in a number of areas. The intersection is typically a set with desirable properties, but for which there is no efficient method of finding the closest point $B_{opt}$ in $\M_1\cap\M_2$. We prove not only that the sequence of alternating projections converges, but that the limit point is fairly close to $B_{opt}$, in a manner relative to the distance $\|B_0-B_{opt}\|$, thereby significantly improving earlier results in the field. A concrete example with applications to frequency estimation of signals is also presented.
Two or More

Most research has investigated Multiracial and Multicultural populations as separate topics, despite demographic and experiential overlap between these. This Element bridges that divide by reviewing and comparing Multiracial and Multicultural research to date-their origins, theoretical and methodological development, and key findings in identity negotiation, socialization, and discrimination-to identify points of synthesis and differentiation to guide future research. It highlights challenges researchers face when studying these populations because such research topics necessitate that one moves beyond previous frameworks and theories to grapple with identity as flexible, malleable, and influenced both by internal factors and external perceptions. The areas of overlap and difference are meaningful and illustrate the social constructive nature of race and culture, which is always in flux and being re-defined.
Witt and cohomological invariants of Witt classes

We classify all Witt invariants of the functor $I^n$ (powers of the fundamental ideal of the Witt ring), that is functions $I^n(K)\rightarrow W(K)$ compatible with field extensions, and all mod 2 cohomological invariants, that is functions $I^n(K)\rightarrow H^*(K,\mu_2)$. This is done in both cases in terms of certain operations (denoted $\pi_n^{d}$ and $u_{nd}^{(n)}$ respectively) looking like divided powers, which are shown to be independent and generate all invariants. This can be seen as a lifting of operations defined on mod 2 Milnor K-theory (or equivalently mod 2 Galois cohomology). We also study various properties of these invariants, including behaviour under similitudes, residues for discrete valuations, and restriction from $I^n$ to $I^{n+1}$. The goal is to use this to study invariants of algebras with involutions in future articles.
Design and fabrication of 10 V SINIS Josephson arrays for programmable voltage standards

The fabrication and the chip layout of 69120 SINIS Josephson junction series arrays for a programmable 10 V Josephson dc voltage standard are presented. Under 70 GHz microwave irradiation, the current-voltage characteristic exhibits a non-hysteretic voltage step with a step width of 200 µA. The chip can be operated with the conventional SIS Josephson voltage standard systems.
Reading the MAP: A Pracademic Perspective on the Current State of Play of the Multi-Action Plan Model with Regard to Transitions between Mental States

The Multi-Action Plan (MAP) presents as an action-focused, sport-specific, mixed methods intervention model. MAP research characterized four Performance Types (PTs). Each PT operates on an affective, cognitive, behavioral, and psychophysiological level—across performance contexts. In this narrative review, we present a synthesis of our current understanding of MAP research, coupled with offering applied implications and directions for future research. We make the case for investigating the timing of transitions between PTs as our primary area of interest in expanding the MAP framework on a conceptual and applied level. Regarding pre-transition cues, we offer ideas on examining socio-environmental precursors to performance, with the aim of expanding MAP from a psycho-bio (affective, cognitive, behavioral, and psychophysiological dimensions) to a biopsychosocial concept (affective, cognitive, behavioral, psychophysiological, and socio-environmental dimensions). Regarding post-transition, we propose that investigating short- and long-term effort and reward perception will yield valuable insights into athletes’ rationales behind the selection, operationalization, and experience of specific PTs. Finally, and from a pracademic perspective, we reflect critically on the achievements of MAP research thus far and provide specific directions for future research.