Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural Features of the Mental Foramen in a Saudi Subpopulation: A Retrospective CBCT Study

Introduction Accurate and precise knowledge about the position, size, and shape of the mental foramen (MF) are critical in avoiding procedural complications. The MF's anatomical features vary among different ethnic groups, and various radiographic techniques have been used to determine these variations. Aims To evaluate the MF's shape, vertical and horizontal positions, and distance from the border of the mandible. To evaluate the differences among genders as they pertain to the right and left sides of the mandible and research the bilateral symmetry regarding the same variables. Materials and Methods Cone beam computer tomography (CBCT) scans of 155 Saudi patients (69 males and 86 females) who visited the college of dentistry's clinics were obtained from the college database for this retrospective study. All the scans were analyzed by 3 calibrated examiners. The data collected was analyzed statistically, and results were obtained. Results The MF was located under the mandibular second premolar in 56.9% of cases, whereas in 26.9% of cases, it was located between the first and second mandibular premolar. The most prevalent position was below the level of the apices of the mandibular premolar teeth (87.2%). The round shape was most frequent (44.9%) compared to the H-oval (34.7%) and V-oval (20.4%). The V-oval shape was more frequent in males, while the H-oval shape was more frequent in females. The average distance from the center of the MF to the mandibular border was 14.03 ± 1.58 mm, with males exhibiting a greater distance than females. Overall, there were no significant differences between the bilateral symmetry and the right and left sides for all parameters. Conclusion The most common position of the MF was under the root apex of the mandibular second premolar, with an average distance of about 14 mm from the border of the mandible. The position and shape of the MF were the same bilaterally in the majority of individuals.
Blunted sFasL signalling exacerbates TNF‐driven neutrophil necroptosis in critically ill COVID‐19 patients

Critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients are characterised by a severely dysregulated cytokine profile and elevated neutrophil counts, impacting disease severity. However, it remains unclear how neutrophils contribute to pathophysiology during COVID‐19. Here, we assessed the impact of the dysregulated cytokine profile on the regulated cell death (RCD) programme of neutrophils.
The Efficacy of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis: Transcriptome and Gut Microbiota Profiling

Objective To study the protective effect of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and reveal its potential intestinal microflora-dependent mechanism through analyses of the intestinal microbiota and spinal cord transcriptome in mice. Method We measured the severity of disease by clinical EAE scores and H&E staining. Gut microbiota alteration in the gut and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the spinal cord were analyzed through 16S rRNA and transcriptome sequencing. Finally, we analyzed associations between the relative abundance of intestinal microbiota constituents and DEGs. Results We observed that clinical EAE scores were lower in the EAE+FMT group than in the EAE group. Meanwhile, mice in the EAE+FMT group also had a lower number of infiltrating cells. The results of 16S rRNA sequence analysis showed that FMT increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria and reduced the abundance of Bacteroides and Actinobacteria. Meanwhile, FMT could modulate gut microbiota balance, especially via increasing the relative abundance of g_Adlercreutzia, g_Sutterella, g_Prevotella_9, and g_Tyzzerella_3 and decreasing the relative abundance of g_Turicibacter. Next, we analyzed the transcriptome of mouse spinal cord tissue and found that 1476 genes were differentially expressed between the EAE and FMT groups. The analysis of these genes showed that FMT mainly participated in the inflammatory response. Correlation analysis between gut microbes and transcriptome revealed that the relative abundance of Adlercreutzia was correlated with the expression of inflammation-related genes negatively, including Casp6, IL1RL2 (IL-36R), IL-17RA, TNF, CCL3, CCR5, and CCL8, and correlated with the expression of neuroprotection-related genes positively, including Snap25, Edil3, Nrn1, Cpeb3, and Gpr37. Conclusion Altogether, FMT may selectively regulate gene expression to improve inflammation and maintain the stability of the intestinal environment in a gut microbiota-dependent manner.
Ballistic charge transport in a triple-gate Silicon nanowire transistor

Silicon nanowire transistors (SNWTs) are considered an interesting alternative architecture to the conventional planar technology for devices, because of their improved electrostatic control of the channel via the gate voltage and the consequent suppression of short channel effects. Actual SNWTs are intrinsically three-dimensional, and spatial symmetries in non idealized devices cannot be invoked to reduce the spatial degrees of freedom. In addition, it is well known that the behavior of field-effect transistors is dominated by electrostatics, which has therefore to be accurately simulated in order to reproduce the device electrical behavior. Therefore, the investigation of these devices by means of numerical simulations can be very informative, provided that a realistic and complete physical model is employed. Specifically, we have to solve a 2D Poisson equation coupled with as many 1D Schroedinger equations as the number of mesh points along the channel. In alternative the Schroedinger equation can be solved with a rigorous perturbation method, thus eliminating discretization errors and providing very accurate energy eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. The charge transport along the longitudinal dimension of the wire has been considered using the semiclassical approximation, in the ballistic regime. Simulation results for a triple-gate SNWT will be presented at the conference.
Reconstruction of N-th order nonuniformly sampled signals using digital filter banks

A digital filter bank structure is proposed to reconstruct uniformly sampled bandlimited signals from their N-th order nonuniform samples, based on an existing filter bank structure in the literature. The proposed structure utilizes polyphase domain filtering operations and discrete Fourier transform (DFT) modulation matrices to improve the computational efficiency of the existing filter bank structure. The proposed structure finds applications in time-interleaved analog-to-digital converters (TIADCs), digital flight control, etc. (5 pages)
Potential Use of Biochar in Pit Latrines as a Faecal Sludge Management Strategy to Reduce Water Resource Contaminations: A Review

Faecal sludge management (FSM) in most developing countries is still insufficient. Sanitation challenges within the sub-Saharan region have led to recurring epidemics of water- and sanitation-related diseases. The use of pit latrines has been recognised as an option for on-site sanitation purposes. However, there is also concern that pit latrine leachates may cause harm to human and ecological health. Integrated approaches for improved access to water and sanitation through proper faecal sludge management are needed to address these issues. Biochar a carbon-rich adsorbent produced from any organic biomass when integrated with soil can potentially reduce contamination. The incorporation of biochar in FSM studies has numerous benefits in the control of prospective contaminants (i.e., heavy metals and inorganic and organic pollutants). This review paper evaluated the potential use of biochar in FSM. It was shown from the reviewed articles that biochar is a viable option for faecal sludge management because of its ability to bind contaminants. Challenges and possible sustainable ways to incorporate biochar in pit latrine sludge management were also illustrated. Biochar use as a low-cost adsorbent in wastewater contaminant mitigation can improve the quality of water resources. Biochar-amended sludge can also be repurposed as a useful economical by-product.
Low-voltage CMOS op-amp with rail-to-rail input and output signal swing for continuous-time signal processing using multiple-input floating-gate transistors

A scheme for low-voltage CMOS op-amp operation with rail-to-rail input and output signal swing and constant g/sub m/ is presented. Single-ended and fully differential versions are discussed. The scheme is based on the use of multiple-input floating-gate transistors and allows direct implementation of linear weighted addition of continuous-time signals. Simulations are presented that verify the scheme operating with a 1.2-V single supply, 1.2-V input and output solving, 5-MHz op-amp gain-bandwidth product, and a 192-/spl mu/W power dissipation with a 50-pF load and 300/spl times/300 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ silicon area. These results are obtained for 0.85-V transistor threshold voltages. Experimental results are shown that verify the correct functionality of the proposed approach.
Spanish Spelt Wheat: From an Endangered Genetic Resource to a Trendy Crop

Spelt wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ssp. spelta Thell.) is an ancient wheat that was widely cultivated in the past. This species derived from a cross between emmer wheat (T. turgidum spp. dicoccum Schrank em. Thell.) and Aegilops tauschii Coss. Its main origin was in the Fertile Crescent (Near East), with a secondary center of origin in Europe due to a second hybridization event between emmer and hexaploid wheat. This species has been neglected in most of Europe; however, the desire for more natural foods has driven a revival in interest. Iberian spelt is classified as a geographical group differing to the rest of European spelt. In this review, the particularities, genetic diversity and current situation of Spanish spelt, mainly for quality traits, are discussed.
A New Structure Design Method for Improve Modular Joint Output Performance in Modular Robot

A novel structure design method to improve the output performance in course of modular robot is presented in this paper. The new design parameter of modular joint is defined based on analysis of existing joint. Output torque and Max speed is increased by means of different Brushless DC-Servomotor and harmonic reducer in limited interspace. The repeated positioning accuracy is not reduced when output torque and Max speed are increased. And parts of the process parameters is improved. The new design parameters show that the design method is feasible.
A Wireless Sensor Network Deployment Planning Tool to Support Building Automation

Wireless sensor networks have the advantages of low cost installation and flexibility, which make them an excellent mechanism for capturing environmental data and interacting with the physical environment for the application of building automation. However, radio propagation suffers from multi-path, shadowing and other radio interference problems in building environments. Therefore, deployment of sensor nodes in a dynamic in-building environment is a complex operation that requires expert knowledge and experience. In this paper, we present a deployment planning tool that can provide a set of useful tools for deploying a wireless sensor network in the building environment. The proposed deployment planning tool provides design tools that can assist users to develop a network infrastructure in order to support reliable communication. In addition, a network evaluation tool is provided to measure the index of network quality in order to ensure a reliable network quality. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of this tool, we designed a sensor network and simulated the network quality using this tool. The simulation results matched the experimental results of realistic deployment very well.
An ontology-based approach to sensor-missionassignment

Effective deployment of limited and constrained intelligence, surveillance and reconnaisance (ISR) resources is seen as a key issue in modern network-centric joint-forces operations. The aim of our work is to enable proactive and reactive deployment of sensors and other information sources to best support the objectives of a task (or mission) being undertaken. In this paper, we consider one aspect of the deployment problem: proactive assignment of sensors and sources to mission tasks. We view this sub-problem as a matchmaking activity: matching the ISR requirements of tasks to the ISR-providing capabilities of available sensors and sources, and the platforms that carry them. A key issue is that of defining sufficiently-rich representations of these various elements — missions, tasks, ISR requirements, ISR capabilities, sensors, sources, and platforms — to support the matchmaking activity. We argue for an approach based on the use of ontologies: formal models of the various elements that can be used with deductive reasoning mechanisms to produce matches that are logically sound. We introduce a new ontology based on the military Missions and Means Framework (MMF), and show that the matchmaking activity is necessarily multidimensional in nature. We indicate how our approach builds on previous work in representing sensors and sources for various purposes, and highlight the role of current Web standards in providing an engineering foundation for our approach.
A hierarchical reliability analysis for circuit design evaluation

We suggest a computationally efficient and flexible strategy for assessment of reliability of integrated circuits. The concept of hierarchical reliability analysis proposed relies on doing reliability assessments during the design and layout process [reliability computer aided design (RCAD)]. Design rules are suggested based on calculations of steady-state mechanical stresses built up in interconnect graphs and trees due to electromigration. These design rules identify a large fraction of interconnect graphs in a typical design as immune to electromigration-induced failure. The stated design rules are an extension of the Blech-length concept to interconnect graphs. Our suggested new strategy will have important implications for design and layout processes as design limits for a given technology are reached.
Experimental study on removal of toxic metals and nutrient salts from secondary treated wastewater using Echinochloa pyramidalis and Ludwigia stolonifera

Experimental study on removal of toxic metals and nutrient salts from secondary treated wastewater using Echinochloa pyramidalis and Ludwigia stolonifera Amany M. Aboelkassem, Alaa-Eldin M. Abd-Elaal, Ali A.M. Gad, Saber A. Said Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Egypt 2, Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Sohag University, Egypt Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, Egypt doi:
Covert Underwater Communication with Marine Mammal Sounds

Acoustic underwater communication is essential for the participation of friendly submersible vehicles in netcentric operations. To prevent interception of exchanged information and, not less important, detection of the submersibles in a hostile environment, the communication should be sufficiently ‘covert’. One approach is to hide the signal in the natural background noise. Another approach is to use local marine life sounds as a disguise for the transmitted information. Both approaches are subject of ongoing investigations at TNO. Progress on the latter approach will be the main topic of the current paper. The presented results have been obtained from a sea trial performed in littoral waters, where information was successfully exchanged between a surface ship and a submarine using modulated cetacean sounds, transmitted and recorded using existing sonar infrastructure. Pre-recorded cetacean sounds served as the basic carrier signal. Several modulation methods were tested by using them to encode short information patterns in the signal. Future efforts are directed at improvement of robustness, data rate and biological authenticity.
Controlling mouse infestations in domestic properties

Current approaches to the control of house mouse infestations rely heavily on a reactive service, where treatments are undertaken in response to complaints. The impact of buildings on the distribution and persistence of house mouse infestations has received little attention. This paper reports the results of 117 surveys of domestic properties in an urban area of Manchester. Results found that mice were not uniformly distributed within the domestic properties surveyed and that general characteristics and construction of the property, food hygiene within the kitchen area and overall fitness influenced distribution. The paper highlights the need for an integrated approach to control to ensure long‐term eradication of chronic house mouse infestations.
Robust filters for fault detection: An LMI control setting

Starting from the narrow relationship between robust filtering and the design of robust filters to fault detection, an approach for fault detection and diagnosis robust filter design in linear systems is presented. The method consists on transforming the problem of robust detection of faults in a problem of robust control based on Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMI). The transformation is obtained by means of the design of a dynamic system (post-filter), which is obtained through the synthesis of robust controllers based on LMl. Thus, performance index in H2, H00, and multi-objective criteria (H2, H00) can be obtained. This formulation allows the application ofany technique of robust control based on LMl's, and the robust fault detection and isolation is guaranteed
Virtual window telepresence system for telerobotic inspection

Telerobotic inspection can be used in environments that are too hazardous, removed, or expensive for direct human inspection. Telerobotic inspection is a complex task requiring an operator to control and coordinate a robot and sensors, while monitoring and interpreting sensor data to detect flaws. A virtual window telepresence system has been developed to aid the operator in performing these inspections. While the operator is looking at a monitor displaying stereo video from cameras mounted on the robot, the system tracks operator head position and moves the robot to create the illusion that the operator is looking out a window. This interface allows the operator to naturally specify desired viewpoint and enables him to concentrate on the visual examination of the area that may contain a flaw.
Sense Element Engagement Theory Explains How Neural Networks Produce Cortical Prosthetic Vision

Demonstrating that an understanding of how neural networks produce a specific quality of experience has been achieved would provide a foundation for new research programs and neurotechnologies. The phenomena that comprise cortical prosthetic vision have two desirable properties for the pursuit of this goal: 1) Models of the subjective qualities of cortical prosthetic vision can be constructed; and 2) These models can be related in a natural way to models of the objective aspects of cortical prosthetic vision. Sense element engagement theory portrays the qualities of cortical prosthetic vision together with coordinated objective neural phenomena as constituting sensible spatiotemporal patterns that are produced by neural interactions. Small-scale neural network simulations are used to illustrate how these patterns are thought to arise. It is proposed that simulations and an electronic neural network (ENN) should be employed in devising tests of the theory. Large-scale simulations can provide estimates of parameter values that are required to construct an ENN. The ENN will be used to develop a prosthetic device that is predicted by the theory to produce visual forms in a novel fashion. According to the theory, confirmation of this prediction would also provide evidence that this ENN is a sentient device.
A Review of Hot Topic Detection and Tracking Technology

It is significantly important to study the hot topic detection and tracking technology (TDT) since the online information has become the major source to inform the mass by means of the network news and forum, which has been manifested itself in being hefty, swift dissemination, dynamic interaction. In this article, a brief review of the current application of the TDT will be made aiming at the prospect of the research of introduction along with other key technologies relevant to the area at home and abroad.
Scatter radiation dose profile evaluation in computed tomography using Monte Carlo simulation

Background: Conventional radiation dosimetry methods in computed tomography (CT) are not able to measure the dose distribution along the patient’s longitudinal axis. To calculate the dose index on a CT scan, the dose distribution from the center of the radiation field must be calculated. In this study, the most appropriate integral interval for calculating the CT dose index in the axial mode was determined using the Monte Carlo (MC) method based on X-ray photon energy and slice thickness. Materials and Methods: The computed tomography dose index (CTDI) phantom was simulated in the EGSnrc/BEAMnrcMC system and was irradiated with several X-ray energies and several slice thicknesses and dose profiles in phantom were investigated. The area under the dose profile and the scatter to primary radiation dose ratio (SPR) were calculated. Results: The range of scattered beams from the center of the radiation field reaches 450 mm in 140 kV and a 40 mm slice thickness. The SPR value for all levels of X-ray photon energy (between 80 and 140 kV) significantly decreases as slice thickness increases. CT scan imaging technical factors greater than 310 mm from the center of the slice thickness have no effect on the behavior of the scattered radiation. Conclusion: The primary beams are more affected by the energy of the photons, and the scatter beams are more strongly affected by the slice thickness. For 64-slice scanners, the polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) phantom length should be between 700 mm and 900 mm to yield accurate CTDI estimations.
Time-Fractal in Living Objects

Homeostasis creates self-organized synchrony of the body’s reactions, and despite the energetically open system with intensive external and internal interactions, it is robustly stable. Importantly the self-organized system has scal-ing behaviors in its allometry, internal structures, and dynamic processes. The system works stochastically. Deterministic reductionism has validity only by the great average of the probabilistic processes. The system’s dynamics have a characteristic distribution of signals, which may be characterized by their frequency distribution, creating a particular “noise” 1/f of the power density. The stochastic processes produce resonances pumped by various noise spectra. The chemical processes are mostly driven by enzymatic processes, which also have noise-dependent resonant optimizing. The resonance frequencies are as many as many enzymatic reactions exist in the target.