Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predator cue type and prey density alters survival strategies in larval Ambystoma maculatum and Rana sylvatica. BIOS 355 02-1: Practicum in Field Biology

Predators affect prey indirectly through mere presences in a system, which can induce morphological and behavioral prey adaptations increase survival. Adaption responses may occur from visual, tactile, or chemical cues. which consists of predatory odors, diet cues, or alarm cues. In aquatic systems, chemical cues are important to induce prey antipredator morphological defenses as seen in the literature on larval Ambystoma maculatum and Rana sylvatica development. Both amphibians reside in vernal pools, and the density of R. sylvatica affects development rates of both. Our experiment looked at the relationship of chemical and visual cues on morphological development of R. sylvatica and A. maculatum, in addition to the relationship between interspecific densities on perceived predation risk adaptations. We performed a lab experiment using different treatments containing visual cues, predator odors, and densities to look at growth and survival ship over 29 days. We found visual and chemical cues had no effect on growth as well as, interspecific density. However, increased intraspecific density of R. sylvatica decreased their developmental rates while having no effect on A. maculatum. Additionally, survivorship decreased only in R. sylvatica exposed to chemical cues. Our work shows that some specific chemical cues don’t have innate responses and need to be learned to prey responses, in addition to there being no relationship between prey density and perceived predation risk between R. sylvatica and A. maculatum.
The Effect of Employee Retention Company to Turnover Intention Employee—Case Study on Head Office Lampung Bank

Achieving company performance will never be separated from the participation of employees. The performance would be good, if employees could survive and there is no significant turnover. Because turnover will cause the losing knowledge and culture that has been made along with the departure of the employee and automatically company will lose their ability, experience and also their assets. Turnover problem in banking industry on 2016 reaches 15 percent which is caused by the efficiency of the company normal cycle. Obviously, this is a big problem for banking sector, where banking is one of the crucial sectors in Indonesia. The main reason of turnover is because employee are not satisfied working in those companies. Therefore it is important for the company managing their employee by maintaining employees who have been involved in the success of the company, and known as employee retention. This study analyzed the effect of employee retention on turnover intention in Bank of Lampung Head Office, involving 129 respondents who are employees of bank Lampung. Simple regression analysis and descriptive analysis were used in this study, to examine and measure the relationship between the employee retention and turnover intention variables. The result showed that a significant negative relationship between employee retention programs on turnover intention at Bank Lampung. This suggests that the employee retention program within the company can reduce the company turnover rate. Keywords— Employee Retention; Turnover Intention; Performance
The rise of the social theory

Foreword. Introduction. Part I: The Rise of Social Theory:. 1. Intellectuals Between Academy and Salon. 2. Rivalry for Reason. 3. French Moralists and the Social Order. 4. The Construction of Social Theory. 5. Theoretical Models Compared: France and Scotland. Part II: From Social Theory to Social Science:. 6. Reform, Revolution and the Napoleonic Era. 7. Intellectual Transformations Around 1800. 8. Natural Science and Revolution. 9. The Literary Opposition. 10. Models for a Social Science. Part III: Foundations of Sociology:. 11. The Interrupted Career of Auguste Comte. 12. Politics, Science and Philosophy. 13. The Turn to the Philosophy of Science. 14. Response and Resistance. Summary. Notes. Index.
Investigating Two Component Regulatory Systems for the Determination of Adaptive Responses in A. baumannii.

To investigate the role of the two component systems AdeRS and PmrAB in adaptation to the presence of antimicrobials, adeRS and pmrAB were deleted in multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strain AYE. The effect of deleting these genes on antimicrobial susceptibility, growth, accumulation, virulence and ability to form a biofilm was investigated. The deletion of adeRS and pmrAB had no effect on bacterial growth or the accumulation of Hoechst 33342 (bis-benzimide). AYE\(\Delta\)pmrAB, but not AYE\(\Delta\)adeRS, accumulated significantly more norfloxacin than AYE. All strains accumulated more norfloxacin in the presence of the efflux inhibitor carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone. AYE\(\Delta\)adeRS and AYE\(\Delta\)pmrAB, but not AYE, accumulated more norfloxacin in the presence of verapamil. AYE\(\Delta\)adeRS was more susceptible than AYE to antibiotics and biocides and both strains in biofilm were more tolerant of biocides than their planktonic counterparts. Deletion of pmrAB had no effect on antibiotic susceptibility. AYE was more virulent than both AYE\(\Delta\)adeRS and AYE\(\Delta\)pmrAB. The results of this study suggest that in strain AYE, adeRS are not essential for efflux of norfloxacin or Hoechst 33342 and that pmrAB are involved in the accumulation of some compounds. Both AdeRS and PmrAB are important for virulence and AdeRS has a role in antimicrobial susceptibility.
Hinf-I digestion of cytochrome oxidase I region is not a diagnostic test for A. m. lamarckii

Restriction fragment length polymorphism of whole mitochondrial DNA or PCR amplified mtDNA regions are known to be useful in discriminating among honey bee lineages and also some individual subspecies. In this study, PCR-amplified fragments of cytochrome oxidase I (CO-I) and cytochrome B (Cyt B) of honey bees sampled from different countries (Cyprus, Turkey, Ethiopia, Syria and Egypt) were digested with Hinf I and Bgl II restriction enzymes, respectively. Eastern Europe and Mediterranean honey bee subspecies were separated by the Cyt B/Bgl II analysis, although Hinf I digestion of the CO-I region yielded much finer resolution within different honey bee lineages. Here we report that CO-I/Hinf-I is a discriminative test for the mitochondrial "O" lineage, rather than a diagnostic site for A. m. lamarckii.
Purification and Some Properties of an e.x0-/M,3-Glucanase from Basidiomycete Species

An ejc0-/M,3-glucanase was purified from the commercial enzyme preparation "Kitalase" which is a yeast cell wall lytic enzymepreparation. The purification procedures consisted of following steps: ammoniumsulfate fraction, SP-Sephadex C-50 and CM-Cellulose C-32 column chromatography, and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. The optimum pH value was 5.8, and the optimum temperature was 55°C. The enzymewas stable in the pHrange of 5.1 to 9.8 and at temperatures below 53°C. The isoelectric point and the molecular weight were estimated to be pH 9.3 and 73000, respectively. The enzyme was shownto bypass /M,6-linkaged branches to cleave /? - 1,3-linkages whenscleroglucan was used as substrate. The Kmvalues for laminarin, laminari- pentaose, laminaritetraose and laminaritriose were 0.16, 2.01, 2.24 and 1.34him, respectively. a
Secure communication in cognitive radio networks with untrusted AF relays

In this paper, two underlay based cognitive cooperative radio networks, each with one secondary source (SS), one secondary destination (SD), N untrusted secondary amplify and forward relays (USAFRs), one primary transmitter, and one primary receiver (PU‐RX), are considered for evaluating the secrecy performance. The SS sends the information to the SD in two time slots via multiple USAFRs in the absence of direct link between SS and SD. In the first time slot, SS and SD transmit the message and jamming signal to multiple USAFRs, respectively. In the second slot, a selected USAFR amplifies and forwards the combined received signals to the SD. The transmit powers of the secondary nodes are chosen so as to maintain the overall interference at PU‐RX below a specified limit. The transmit power of a selected USAFR is derived using the harvested energy from the RF signals of SS and SD. Two network scenarios of eavesdropping by USAFRs are studied: in one case, all USAFRs eavesdrop; while in the second case, only the selected USAFR eavesdrops the message during forwarding of the signal and power is allocated to secondary nodes on the basis of outage threshold of primary network. We investigate the secrecy outage probability (SOP) in both of the networks under several physical parameters. Analytical framework for evaluating SOP for both the cases are given while SOP in single integration form is given for the second case. MATLAB simulation results are presented for both the cases.
Group Generalized Pythagorean Fuzzy Aggregation Operators and Their Application in Decision Making

Fuzzy information is generally represented by fuzzy set (FS). Pythagorean fuzzy set (PFS), as a new extension of FS, can represent fuzzy information more effectively. The accuracy of fuzzy information represented by PFS directly affects the result of information processing. Generalized parameter (GP), expressed by Pythagorean fuzzy number, can judge the accuracy of fuzzy information represented by PFS. However, for complex fuzzy application problems, a single GP cannot comprehensively judge the fuzzy information, and the GP may also be wrong. Therefore, the concept of group generalized parameters (GGPs) is proposed. The GGPs can comprehensively judge the accuracy of fuzzy information, and can avoid the influence caused by the error of a certain GP. In order to effectively aggregate the fuzzy information and the GGPs, some new group generalized Pythagorean fuzzy aggregation operators are proposed, including group generalized Pythagorean fuzzy weighted average (GGPFWA) operator and group generalized Pythagorean fuzzy weighted geometric (GGPFWG) operator. The definitions, theorems and properties of GGPFWA operator and GGPFWG operator are given and proved. In this paper, GGPFWA operator and GGPFWG operator are applied to solve decision making problems, and their effectiveness and feasibility have been verified by three cases of pattern recognition, medical diagnosis and multiple criteria decision making.
Machine Learning Approaches for EV Charging Behavior: A Review

As the smart city applications are moving from conceptual models to development phase, smart transportation is one of smart cities applications and it is gaining ground nowadays. Electric Vehicles (EVs) are considered one of the major pillars of smart transportation applications. EVs are ever growing in popularity due to their potential contribution in reducing dependency on fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions. However, large-scale deployment of EV charging stations poses multiple challenges to the power grid and public infrastructure. To overcome the issue of prolonged charging time, the simple solution of deploying more charging stations to increase charging capacity does not work due to the strain on power grids and physical space limitations. Therefore, researchers have focused on developing smart scheduling algorithms to manage the demand for public charging using modeling and optimization. More recently, there has been a growing interest in data-driven approaches in modeling EV charging. Consequently, researchers are looking to identify consumer charging behavior pattern that can provide insights and predictive analytics capability. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review for the use of supervised and unsupervised Machine Learning as well as Deep Neural Networks for charging behavior analysis and prediction. Recommendations and future research directions are also discussed.
Phytochemical conjugation as a potential semisynthetic approach toward reactive and reuse of obsolete sulfonamides against pathogenic bacteria

The emergence and reemergence of multidrug‐resistant (MDR) bacteria and mycobacteria in community and hospital periphery have directly enhanced the hospitalization costs, morbidity and mortality, globally. The appearance of MDR pathogens, the currently used antibiotics, remains insufficient, and the development of potent antibacterial(s) is merely slow. Thus, the development of active antibacterials is the call of the day. The sulfonamides class of antibacterials was the most successful synthesized drug in the 19th century. Mechanically, sulfonamides were targeting bacterial folic acid biosynthesis and today, those are obsolete or clinically inactive. Nevertheless, the magic sulfonamide pharmacophore has been used continuously in several mainstream antibacterial, antidiabetic, antiviral drugs. Concomitantly, thousands of phytochemicals with antimicrobial potencies have been recorded and were commanded as alternate antibacterials toward control of MDR pathogens. However, none/very few isolated phytochemicals have gone up to the pure‐drug stage due to the lack of the desired drug‐likeness values and the required pharmacokinetic properties. Thus, chemical modification of parent drug remains as the versatile approach in antibacterial drug development. Improvement of clinically inactive sulfa drugs with suitable phytochemicals to develop active, low‐toxic drug molecules followed by medicinal chemistry could be prudent. This review highlights such “sulfonamide‐phytochemical” hybrid drug development research works for utilizing inactive sulfonamides and phytochemicals; the ingenious cost‐effective and resource‐saving hybrid drug concept could be a new trend in current antibacterial drug discovery to reactive the obsolete antibacterials.
Stem cell–derived models to improve mechanistic understanding and prediction of human drug‐induced liver injury

Current preclinical drug testing does not predict some forms of adverse drug reactions in humans. Efforts at improving predictability of drug‐induced tissue injury in humans include using stem cell technology to generate human cells for screening for adverse effects of drugs in humans. The advent of induced pluripotent stem cells means that it may ultimately be possible to develop personalized toxicology to determine interindividual susceptibility to adverse drug reactions. However, the complexity of idiosyncratic drug‐induced liver injury means that no current single‐cell model, whether of primary liver tissue origin, from liver cell lines, or derived from stem cells, adequately emulates what is believed to occur during human drug‐induced liver injury. Nevertheless, a single‐cell model of a human hepatocyte which emulates key features of a hepatocyte is likely to be valuable in assessing potential chemical risk; furthermore, understanding how to generate a relevant hepatocyte will also be critical to efforts to build complex multicellular models of the liver. Currently, hepatocyte‐like cells differentiated from stem cells still fall short of recapitulating the full mature hepatocellular phenotype. Therefore, we convened a number of experts from the areas of preclinical and clinical hepatotoxicity and safety assessment, from industry, academia, and regulatory bodies, to specifically explore the application of stem cells in hepatotoxicity safety assessment and to make recommendations for the way forward. In this short review, we particularly discuss the importance of benchmarking stem cell–derived hepatocyte‐like cells to their terminally differentiated human counterparts using defined phenotyping, to make sure the cells are relevant and comparable between labs, and outline why this process is essential before the cells are introduced into chemical safety assessment. (Hepatology 2017;65:710‐721).
Endogenous sharing of knowledge

The papers of this thesis are not available in Munin. Paper I: Roelofs, M. R. , Ostbye, S.E. , Heen, E. E. : “Asymmetric Firms, Technology Sharing and R & D Investment. ” Available in Experimental Economics 2017, 20(3):574–600. Paper II: Heen, E. E. (2017). “Does endogenous R&D sharing lead to an inverted U relation between investment and competition? An experimental approach. ” (Manuscript). Paper III: Heen, E. E. , Ostbye, S.E. “Should anti-trust legislation allow R&D information sharing? A simple experiment. ” (Manuscript).
Job crafting mediates the relation between creativity, personality, job autonomy and well‐being in Lebanese nurses

Abstract Aim To better understand the functionality of job crafting and its relationship with personality and job autonomy in the context of non‐Western health care as an adaptive problem‐solving work behaviour that is related to creativity. Background Job crafting could be a strategy nurses use to solve problems as health care organisations become more unpredictable. Methods This cross‐sectional study sampled 547 nurses from seven hospitals in Lebanon. Data were analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM). Results The job crafting dimensions of increasing structural job resources and increasing challenging job demands partially mediated the relationship between creativity and subjective well‐being, and they fully mediated the relationship between job autonomy and subjective well‐being. Creativity, job autonomy, and agreeableness were related to the approach job crafting dimensions, and two of these job crafting dimensions were in turn related to subjective well‐being. Conclusion Creative nurses tend to job craft more and this is associated with their subjective well‐being. Nurses high on extraversion and emotional stability experienced higher subjective well‐being. Implications for Nursing Management Nursing administration and leaders may want to create an environment fostering creativity and encouraging approach‐oriented job crafting.
Detection and Visualization of Heterozygosity-Rich Regions and Runs of Homozygosity in Worldwide Sheep Populations

Simple Summary Heterozygosity-rich regions (HRRs) are regions of high heterozygosity, which can harbor important genes associated with key functional traits such as immune response and disease resilience. Runs of homozygosity (ROH) are contiguous homozygous segments of the genome, which can be informative of the population’s history, structure, demography events, and overall genetic diversity. We first detected factors impacting the identification of ROH and HRR in worldwide sheep populations, which were artificially selected for specific purposes or under natural conditions. We also identified common regions of high homozygosity or heterozygosity among these populations, where a diversity of candidate genes with distinct functions might indicate differential selection pressure on these regions in breeds with different trait expression. Moreover, we evaluated a tool commonly used in the corporate environment, making use of the business intelligence (BI) concept to support managers in the decision-making process, which allowed us to combine results from multiple analyses and create visualization schemes integrating different information. Our findings and proposed tools contribute to the development of more efficient breeding strategies and conservation of genetic resources in sheep and other livestock species. Abstract In this study, we chose 17 worldwide sheep populations of eight breeds, which were intensively selected for different purposes (meat, milk, or wool), or locally-adapted breeds, in order to identify and characterize factors impacting the detection of runs of homozygosity (ROH) and heterozygosity-rich regions (HRRs) in sheep. We also applied a business intelligence (BI) tool to integrate and visualize outputs from complementary analyses. We observed a prevalence of short ROH, and a clear distinction between the ROH profiles across populations. The visualizations showed a fragmentation of medium and long ROH segments. Furthermore, we tested different scenarios for the detection of HRR and evaluated the impact of the detection parameters used. Our findings suggest that HRRs are small and frequent in the sheep genome; however, further studies with higher density SNP chips and different detection methods are suggested for future research. We also defined ROH and HRR islands and identified common regions across the populations, where genes related to a variety of traits were reported, such as body size, muscle development, and brain functions. These results indicate that such regions are associated with many traits, and thus were under selective pressure in sheep breeds raised for different purposes. Interestingly, many candidate genes detected within the HRR islands were associated with brain integrity. We also observed a strong association of high linkage disequilibrium pattern with ROH compared with HRR, despite the fact that many regions in linkage disequilibrium were not located in ROH regions.
Face Mask Detection and Classification for COVID-19 using Deep Learning

With the emergence of COVID-19, our lifestyles have changed. Because of its high infectivity and high severity, fighting with this virus has become a global problem in no time. Minimizing the speed of spread and keeping the numbers under control is a way to save more people by taking care of them better and also have more time spent on research to find a cure such as medicine or vaccine which will put an end to this situation. During this time, personal protection like using face masks is very important since it protects people and others close to them and significantly reduces the risk of infection on correct usage. Unfortunately, some people can act careless or reckless which puts many people at risk. This leads us to use automated systems in crowded places to detect those who do not follow the rules. When it comes to automated systems, artificial intelligence-related applications are favorable for supporting humans. In this paper, at first, a dataset was obtained by adding face masks to the existing Labeled Faces in the Wild (LFW) dataset to detect three mask-wearing conditions; correct, wrong and no mask. Then NASNetMobile and ResNet50 networks were trained using the considered dataset. The ResNet50 outperformed the NASNetMobile by achieving 92% detection accuracy.
CD4+ T cells from patients with glucocorticoid‐refractory immune thrombocytopenia have altered cytokine expression

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