Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Global warming and tropical cyclone damage to housing in the Philippines

It is currently feared that the increase in surface sea temperature resulting from increasing levels of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere could result in higher tropical cyclone intensity in the future. Although the economic consequences have been studied for a number of developed countries, very little work has been done on developing countries. The present paper assesses the likely effects that increased typhoon intensity will have on damage to housing by the year 2085 in the Philippines, using a Monte Carlo simulation that magnifies the intensity of historical tropical cyclones between the years 1978 and 2008. The simulation shows that direct damage to housing could increase between 17 and 58%, depending on the adaptive capacity of each region in the Philippines and assuming the latter remains constant between now and 2085. The results clearly suggest the need to increase the resilience of local communities against the possible consequences of climate change.
Review of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Meterology

After reviewing the history of development and summarizing the current scientific advances of the study on atmospheric boundary layer meterology, the key scientific problems faced in the future about this field were pointed out . it also gave several suggestions for future development direction . At the same time, the ideas and methods of the study were demonstrated as well .
Characterizing Team Cognition Within Software Engineering Teams in an Undergraduate Course

Contribution: The study characterizes aspects of cognitive and metacognitive dimensions of team cognition of software development teams in educational settings. Background: The software development industry requires software engineers and developers to work in teams; for this, there is substantial research on teamwork in the context of the organization. However, little is known about it in the context of educational settings, where there is scant research on teamwork in engineering and computing projects. Research Questions: How do students enact teamwork cognitive engagement and metacognitive regulation in the context of a systems analysis and design course? Methodology: The participants were 127 undergraduate students in a systems development course organized into 26 teams. Qualitative categories were derived from a content analysis based on recorded teamwork sessions, which were then quantized and visualized for pattern identification. Findings: Results provide each team’s overall cognitive engagement coefficient and metacognitive regulation coefficient. The findings also describe three clusters, each with a description of a selected team to provide further insights into the identified patterns.
Food in the City: Urban Food Geographies and ‘Local’ Food Sourcing in Melbourne and San Diego County

Perceptions of food systems and food acquisition decisions are grounded in specific socio-economic and environmental contexts. Working in two relatively affluent urban communities in Melbourne, Australia and San Diego County, USA, this article explores the ways that individuals perceive their food systems, where they acquire food, and their definitions of ‘local’ sourcing. Surveys and interviews reveal a clear discrepancy between the ideals and the reality of food acquisition decision-making, particularly the desire to eat ‘local food’. Survey respondents' realities do not live up to their expectations. These practices can largely be explained by the interplay between the respondents' perceived priorities, food preferences, dietary requirements, and decision-making constraints in particular urban geographies. Further research is needed on the role of perceptions in food decision-making in specific geographic contexts.
Evaluation of Irrigation Modes for Greenhouse Drip Irrigation Tomatoes Based on AquaCrop and DSSAT Models

The improvement of the simulation accuracy of crop models in different greenhouse environments would be better applied to the automation management of greenhouse cultivation. Tomatoes under drip irrigation in a greenhouse were taken as the research object, and the cumulative evaporation capacity (Ep) of the 20 cm standard evaporation dish was taken as the basis for irrigation. Three treatments were set up in the experiment: high water treatment without mulch (NM-0.9 Ep), high water treatment with mulch (M-0.9 Ep), and low water treatment with mulch (M-0.5 Ep). AquaCrop and DSSAT models were used to simulate the canopy coverage, soil water content, biomass, and yield of the tomatoes. Data from 2020 were used to correct the model, and simulation results from 2021 were analyzed in this paper. The results showed that: (1) Of the two crop models, the simulation accuracy of the greenhouse tomato canopy coverage kCC was higher, and the root mean square errors were less than 6.8% (AquaCrop model) and 8.5% (DSSAT model); (2) The AquaCrop model could accurately simulate soil water change under high water treatments, while the DSSAT model was more suitable for the conditions without mulch; (3) The relative error RE of simulated and observed values for biomass B, yield Y, and water use efficiency WUE in the AquaCrop model were less than 2.0%, 2.3%, and 9.0%, respectively, while those of the DSSAT model were less than 4.7%, 7.6%, and 10.4%, respectively; (4) Considering the simulation results of each index comprehensively, the AquaCrop model was superior to the DSSAT model; subsequently, the former was used to predict 16 different water and film coating treatments (S1–S16). It was found that the greenhouse tomato yield and WUE were the highest under S7 (0.8 Ep), at 8.201 t/ha and 2.79 kg/m3, respectively.
An ensemble approach for imbalanced multiclass malware classification using 1D-CNN

Dependence on the internet and computer programs demonstrates the significance of computer programs in our day-to-day lives. Such demands motivate malware developers to create more malware, both in terms of quantity and variety. Researchers are constantly faced with hurdles while attempting to protect themselves from potential hazards and risks due to malware authors’ usage of code obfuscation techniques. Metamorphic and polymorphic variations are easily able to elude the widely utilized signature-based detection procedures. Researchers are more interested in deep learning approaches than machine learning techniques to analyze the behavior of such a vast number of virus variants. Researchers have been drawn to the categorization of malware within itself in addition to the classification of malware against benign programs to examine the behavioral differences between them. In order to investigate the relationship between the application programming interface (API) calls throughout API sequences and classify them, this work uses the one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) model to solve a multiclass classification problem. On API sequences, feature vectors for distinctive APIs are created using the Word2Vec word embedding approach and the skip-gram model. The one-vs.-rest approach is used to train 1D-CNN models to categorize malware, and all of them are then combined with a suggested ModifiedSoftVoting algorithm to improve classification. On the open benchmark dataset Mal-API-2019, the suggested ensembled 1D-CNN architecture captures improved evaluation scores with an accuracy of 0.90, a weighted average F1-score of 0.90, and an AUC score of more than 0.96 for all classes of malware.
Flood analysis and flood projections under climate change in New Brunswick

Floods events are a key component in river engineering including the design and risk assessment of various projects. In this study, a flood frequency analysis was carried out to determine flood characteristics in New Brunswick under present and future climate. For current flood characteristics, an analysis was carried out using 56 hydrometric stations across the province using the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution and the three-parameter lognormal distribution function. A regional flood frequency analysis was also carried out using regression equations. Results showed that current regional flood equations were very consistent among distribution functions. Results were also consistent with previous studies. To study floods under climate change, seven catchments were selected within the province and these catchments were further analyzed using artificial neural network (ANN) models for two climate scenarios. As such, future climate data were extracted from the third-generation Coupled Climate Model (CGCM3.1) under the greenhouse gas emission scenarios B1 and A2. The climate variables (temperature and precipitation) were downscaled using the delta change approach, and future river discharges were predicted. A frequency analysis was then carried out on these seven stations using the GEV distribution function. Results showed that for the period 2010–2100, average temperatures are projected to increase between 2.9°C (B1) and 5.2°C (A2) in New Brunswick. As for precipitation, the mean annual precipitation showed an increase of 9 to 12% compared to current conditions. Results also showed an increase in flood flows. The increase in low-return floods (e.g. 2-year) was generally higher than the increase of higher return floods (e.g. 100-year). Depending on the scenario and the future time period, the increase in low-return floods was about 30%, and about 15% for higher return floods. A Regional Climate Index (RCI) was used to links floods to their frequency under future climate scenarios.
Wavelengths and Energy Levels of the Upper Levels of Singly Ionized Nickel (Ni ii) from 3d 8(3 F)5f to 3d 8(3 F)9s

Using high-resolution spectra of Ni ii recorded using Fourier transform (FT) spectroscopy of continuous, nickel–helium hollow cathode discharge sources in the region 143–5555 nm (1800–70,000 cm−1, the analysis of 1016 Ni ii lines confirmed and optimized 206 previously reported energy levels of the (3 F) parent term, from 3d 8(3 F)5f to 3d 8(3 F)9s, lying between 122,060 and 138,563 cm−1. The uncertainties of these levels have been improved by at least an order of magnitude compared with their previously reported values. With the increased resolution and spectral range of the FT measurements, compared to previously published grating spectra, we were able to extend our analysis to identify and establish 33 new energy levels of Ni ii, which are reported here for the first time. Eigenvector compositions of all revised and newly established energy levels were calculated using the orthogonal operator method. In addition, an improved ionization energy of 146,541.35 ± 0.15 cm−1 for Ni ii, using highly excited levels of the 3d 8(3 F)5g, 3d 8(3 F)6g, and 3d 8(3 F)6h configurations, has been derived.
Arabia-Eurasia continental collision: Insights from late Tertiary foreland-basin evolution in the Alborz Mountains, northern Iran

A poorly understood lag time of 15–20 m.y. exists between the initial Arabia-Eurasia continental collision in late Eocene to early Oligocene time and the acceleration of tectonic and sedimentary processes across the collision zone in the early to late Miocene. The late Eocene to Miocene-Pliocene clastic and shallow-marine sedimentary rocks of the Kond, Eyvanekey, and Semnan Basins in the Alborz Mountains (northern Iran) offer the possibility to track the evolution of this orogen in the framework of collision processes. A transition from volcaniclastic submarine deposits to shallow-marine evaporites and terrestrial sediments occurred shortly after 36 Ma in association with reversals in sediment provenance, strata tilting, and erosional unroofing. These events followed the termination of subduction arc magmatism and marked a changeover from an extensional to a contractional regime in response to initiation of continental collision with the subduction of stretched Arabian lithosphere. This early stage of collision produced topographic relief associated with shallow foreland basins, suggesting that shortening and tectonic loading occurred at low rates. Starting from the early Miocene (17.5 Ma), flexural subsidence in response to foreland basin initiation occurred. Fast sediment accumulation rates and erosional unroofing trends point to acceleration of shortening by the early Miocene. We suggest that the lag time between the initiation of continental collision (36 Ma) and the acceleration of regional deformation (20–17.5 Ma) reflects a two-stage collision process, involving the "soft" collision of stretched lithosphere at first and "hard" collision following the arrival of unstretched Arabian continental lithosphere in the subduction zone.
Detailed observations of California foreshock sequences: Implications for the earthquake initiation process

We find that foreshocks provide clear evidence for an extended nucleation process before some earthquakes. In this study, we examine in detail the evolution of six California foreshock sequences, the 1986 Mount Lewis (ML = 5.5), the 1986 Chalfant (ML = 6.4), the 1986 Stone Canyon (ML = 4.7), the 1990 Upland (ML = 5.2), the 1992 Joshua Tree (MW = 6.1), and the 1992 Landers (MW = 7.3) sequence. Typically, uncertainties in hypocentral parameters are too large to establish the geometry of foreshock sequences and hence to understand their evolution. However, the similarity of location and focal mechanisms for the events in these sequences leads to similar foreshock waveforms that we cross correlate to obtain extremely accurate relative locations. We use these results to identify small-scale fault zone structures that could influence nucleation and to determine the stress evolution leading up to the mainshock. In general, these foreshock sequences are not compatible with a cascading failure nucleation model in which the foreshocks all occur on a single fault plane and trigger the mainshock by static stress transfer. Instead, the foreshocks seem to concentrate near structural discontinuities in the fault and may themselves be a product of an aseismic nucleation process. Fault zone heterogeneity may also be important in controlling the number of foreshocks, i.e., the stronger the heterogeneity, the greater the number of foreshocks. The size of the nucleation region, as measured by the extent of the foreshock sequence, appears to scale with mainshock moment in the same manner as determined independently by measurements of the seismic nucleation phase. We also find evidence for slip localization as predicted by some models of earthquake nucleation.
A Genome-Wide Analysis of Serine Protease Inhibitors in Cydia pomonella Provides Insights into Their Evolution and Expression Pattern

Serine protease inhibitors (serpins) appear to be ubiquitous in almost all living organisms, with a conserved structure and varying functions. Serpins can modulate immune responses by negatively regulating serine protease activities strictly and precisely. The codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), a major invasive pest in China, can cause serious economic losses. However, knowledge of serpin genes in this insect remain largely unknown. In this study, we performed a systematic analysis of the serpin genes in C. pomonella, obtaining 26 serpins from the C. pomonella genome. Subsequently, their sequence features, evolutionary relationship, and expression pattern were characterized. Comparative analysis revealed the evolution of a number of serpin genes in Lepidoptera. Importantly, the evolutionary relationship and putative roles of serpin genes in C. pomonella were revealed. Additionally, selective pressure analysis found amino acid sites with strong evidence of positive selection. Interestingly, the serpin1 gene possessed at least six splicing isoforms with distinct reactive-center loops, and these isoforms were experimentally validated. Furthermore, we observed a subclade expansion of serpins, and these genes showed high expression in multiple tissues, suggesting their important roles in C. pomonella. Overall, this study will enrich our knowledge of the immunity of C. pomonella and help to elucidate the role of serpins in the immune response.
Seasonal dynamics of spider diversity and rice planthopper abundance in organic farming paddy rice-duck field

To explore the approaches and methods of insect pest management in organic farming paddy fields,a two-year investigation was conducted on the quantitative dynamics of spiders and rice planthoppers in organic farming middle-late rice-duck field in East China across rice growth season,with the conventional paddy fields(Ⅰ and Ⅱ,according to the pesticide application rate) as the control.A total of 9-10 families of spiders were recorded for different farming systems.The spider's species diversity as measured by Shannon index was in the order of conventional paddy field Ⅱ conventional paddy field Ⅰ organic farming rice-duck field,while the dominance index was the highest in organic farming rice-duck field.The spider's abundance in early growth season was lower in organic farming rice-duck field than in conventional paddy fields Ⅰ and Ⅱ,while that in middle and late growth seasons was in reverse.Rice planthopper's abundance in organic farming rice-duck field had a greater seasonal fluctuation, compared with that in conventional paddy fields.The abundance of rice planthoppers was greater in organic farming rice-duck field than in conventional paddy fields,but the abundance of spiders had less difference,resulting in a lower spider/rice planthopper ratio in organic farming rice-duck field than in conventional paddy fields across rice growth season.The results suggest that the pest control in organic farming rice-duck field confronts serious challenge,and it is necessary to explore practical and feasible ecology-based management methods.
Relación de las señales de hambre y saciedad con el tipo de alimentación y estado nutricional en lactantes menores de seis meses

OBJETIVO: el objetivo del estudio fue determinar la relación de las señales de hambre y saciedad con el tipo de alimentación y el estado nutricional en lactantes menores de seis meses que asisten al programa de Inmunizaciones del centro de salud del municipio de Morales, Izabal. MÉTODO: el método utilizado fue de tipo analítico transversal, con un muestreo probabilístico simple, el cual incluyó 167 participantes en díada madre/padre-lactante, a quienes se realizó una entrevista, evaluación antropométrica por medio de la toma de peso y talla, además de una encuesta sobre percepción de señales de hambre y saciedad. RESULTADOS: los resultados obtenidos demostraron que el tipo de alimentación más frecuente fue la lactancia mixta y cerca del 75% provenía de sucedáneos de leche materna, además de presentar diferencias significativas según estado nutricional. Se mostró que los lactantes alimentados con lactancia mixta y artificial presentó un mayor porcentaje de malnutrición por exceso. CONCLUSIÓN: la encuesta evidenció que el 40.1% de las madres/padres presentaron una moderada percepción, además de una mayor sensibilidad a percibir las señales de apetito en contraste con las señales de saciedad.
Filamentous Fungi Isolated in Simuliidae (Diptera: Nematocera) larvae in Brazilian Amazônia

The objective of this study was to isolate and identify fungal species found on Simuliidae larvae in several municipalities of Brazilian Amazonia, especially in the states of Amazonas and Rondônia. The larvae were collected using forceps, pipettes, placed in sterile containers and stored under refrigeration before being dissected in the laboratory. Approximately 30 Simuliidae species were macerated in Saline Solution (0.9%), seeded on Petri dishes containing solid culture media. The total of 87 fungal lineages were identified from homogenates of seven black-fly species: Simulium perflavum Roubaud, S. trombetense Hamada, Py-Daniel & Adler, S. maroniense Floch & Abonnenc, S. cauchense Floch & Abonnenc, S. daltanhani Hamada & Adler, S. rorotaense Floch & Abonnenc and Lutzimulium simplicicolor (Lutz). Fifteen fungal species were identified as: Cladosporium chlorocephalum (Fresen.) (1.1%), C. herbarum (Pers.) Link (1.1%), Penicilium crustosum Thom (2.2%), P. chrysogenum Thom (3.4%), P. lividum Westling (3.4%), P. citrinum Thom (5.7%), P. citreonigrum Dierckx (1.1%), P. corylophilum Dierckx (1.1%), P. fellutanum Biourge (11.4%), P. oxalicum Currie and Thom (2.2%), Gliocladium virens Corda (5.7%), Aspergillus japonicus Saito (10.3%), Trichoderma harzianum Rifai (10.4%), T. koningii Oud. Aggr. (4.6%), Pestalotiopsis guepini (Desmazieres) Steyaert (12.6%) and Mycelia sterilia (22.9%). Knowledge about these fungi and their relationship with Simuliidae larvae can contribute to their use in biological control of disease vectors and to their use in biotechnological studies, with fungal lineages selected for economic potential.
A Decision Support Information System for Urban Landscape Management Using Thermal Infrared Data

Efforts to use remote sensing data within the purview of an information support system, to assess urban thermal landscape characteristics as a means for developing more robust models of the urban heat-island (vHI) effect are described. We also present a rationale on how we have successfully translated the resultsfrom the study of urban thermal heating and cooling regimes as identified from remote sensing data, to decisionmakers, planners, government officials, and the public at large in several US. cities to facilitate better understanding of how the UHI affects air quality. Additionally, through the assessment of the spatial distribution of urban thermal landscape characteristics using remote sensing data, it is possible to develop strategies to mitigate the UHI that hopefully will, in turn, drive down ozone levels and improve overall urban air quality. Four U.S. cities have been the foci for intensive analyses as part of our studies: Atlanta, Georgia; Baton Rouge, Louisiana; Salt Lake City, Utah; and Sacramento, California. The remote sensing data for each of these cities has been used to generate a number of products for use by "stakeholder" working groups to convey information on what the effects are of the UHI and what measures can be taken to mitigate them. In turn, these data products are used to both educate and inform policymakers, planners, and the general public about what kinds of UHI mitigation strategies are available.
Seasonal Variation in Essential Oil Composition and Antioxidant Capacity of Aniba canelilla (Lauraceae): A Reliable Source of 1-Nitro-2-phenylethane

Aniba canelilla (Kunth) Mez essential oil has many biological activities due to its main compound 1-nitro-2-phenylethane (1N2F), followed by methyleugenol, a carcinogenic agent. This study analyzed the influence of seasonality on yields, antioxidant capacity, and 1N2F content of A. canelilla leaf and twig essential oils. Essential oils (EOs) were extracted with hydrodistillation and analyzed with gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and a flame ionization detector. Antioxidant capacity was measured using the free radical scavenging method (DPPH). Chemometric analyses were carried out to verify the influence of climatic factors on the production and composition of EOs. 1-Nitro-2-phenylethane was the major constituent in A. canelilla EOs throughout the seasonal period (68.0–89.9%); methyleugenol was not detected. Essential oil yields and the 1N2F average did not show a statistically significant difference between the dry and rainy seasons in leaves and twigs. Moderate and significant correlations between major compounds and climate factor were observed. The twig oils (36.0 ± 5.9%) a showed greater antioxidant capacity than the leaf oils (20.4 ± 5.0%). The PCA and HCA analyses showed no statistical differences between the oil samples from the dry and rainy seasons. The absence of methyleugenolin in all months of study, described for the first time, makes this specimen a reliable source of 1N2F.