Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Polynomial Time Randomized Approximation Schemes for Tutte-Gröthendieck Invariants: The Dense Case

The Tutte‐Grothendieck polynomial T(G; x, y) of a graph G encodes numerous interesting combinatorial quantities associated with the graph. Its evaluation in various points in the (x, y) plane give the number of spanning forests of the graph, the number of its strongly connected orientations, the number of its proper k‐colorings, the (all terminal) reliability probability of the graph, and various other invariants the exact computation of each of which is well known to be #P‐hard. Here we develop a general technique that supplies fully polynomial randomised approximation schemes for approximating the value of T(G; x, y) for any dense graph G, that is, any graph on n vertices whose minimum. © 1995 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
TrafficQA: A Question Answering Benchmark and an Efficient Network for Video Reasoning over Traffic Events

Trafﬁc event cognition and reasoning in videos is an important task that has a wide range of applications in intelligent transportation, assisted driving, and autonomous vehicles. In this paper, we create a novel dataset, TrafﬁcQA (Trafﬁc Question Answering), which takes the form of video QA based on the collected 10,080 in-the-wild videos and annotated 62,535 QA pairs, for benchmarking the cognitive capability of causal inference and event understanding models in complex trafﬁc scenarios. Speciﬁcally, we pro-pose 6 challenging reasoning tasks corresponding to various trafﬁc scenarios, so as to evaluate the reasoning capability over different kinds of complex yet practical traf-ﬁc events. Moreover, we propose Eclipse , a novel E fﬁ c ient g li m pse network via dynamic inference, in order to achieve computation-efﬁcient and reliable video reasoning. The experiments show that our method achieves superior performance while reducing the computation cost signiﬁcantly. The project page:
Soil Fertility and Hunger in Africa

The fundamental biophysical cause of stagnant per capita food production in Africa is soil fertility depletion. Because mineral fertilizers cost two to six times as much as those sold worldwide, a soil fertility replenishment approach has been developed based on naturally available resources: nitrogen-fixing leguminous tree fallows that accumulate 100 to 200 kg N ha, indigenous rock phosphate applications, and biomass transfers of the nutrient-accumulating shrub Tithonia diversifolia. Tens of thousands of farmers in East and Southern Africa are becoming food secure with these technologies. Soil fertility depletion must be addressed before other technologies and policies can become effective in overcoming hunger in Africa.
Bi-objective branch-and-cut algorithms applied to the binary knapsack problem : surrogate bound sets, dynamic branching strategies, generation and exploitation of cover inequalities.

Dans ce travail, nous nous interessons a la resolution de problemes d’optimisation combinatoire multi-objectif. Ces problemes ont suscite un interet important au cours des dernieres decennies. Afin de resoudre ces problemes, particulierement difficiles, de maniere exacte et efficace, les algorithmes sont le plus souvent specifiques au probleme traite. Dans cette these, nous revenons sur l’approche dite de branch-and-bound et nous en proposons une extension pour obtenir un branch-and-cut, dans un contexte bi-objectif. Les problemes de sac-a-dos sont utilises comme support pour ces travaux. Trois axes principaux sont consideres : la definition de nouveaux ensembles bornants, l’elaboration d’une strategie de branchement dynamique et la generation d’inegalites valides. Les ensembles bornants definis sont bases sur la relaxation surrogate, utilisant un ensemble de multiplicateurs. Des algorithmes sont elabores, a partir de l’etude des differents multiplicateurs, afin de calculer efficacement les ensembles bornants surrogate. La strategie de branchement dynamique emerge de la comparaison de differentes strategies de branchement statiques, issues de la litterature. Elle fait appel a une methode d’apprentissage par renforcement. Enfin, des inegalites de couverture sont generees et introduites, tout au long de la resolution, dans le but de l’accelerer. Ces differents apports sont valides experimentalement et l’algorithme de branch-and-cut obtenu presente des resultats encourageants.
Ranking States by Seismic Activity

Frequently, one sees comparisons and rankings of the various states. Perhaps it is interesting to compare the states by numbers of earthquakes. The main value of such a ranking is to provide an additional means to convey the importance of earthquake hazard awareness to the general population and to motivate earthquake preparedness and mitigation in the more active states. We consulted the catalog of earthquakes compiled by the Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS) and made available through the Northern California Earthquake Data Center (http://www.ncedc.org/anss/catalog-search.html). The catalog contains data from 1898 to 2005. Earthquakes in the catalog with magnitude 5.0 or greater are shown in figure 1. The ANSS catalog has varying levels of completeness, and most regions do not have earthquake entries going back to 1898. To compensate for incompleteness at the larger magnitudes, we supplemented the ANSS catalog with the catalog of significant U.S. earthquakes (1568–1989) available from the U.S. Geological Survey on the World Wide Web at http://neic.usgs. gov/neis/epic/epic.html. This extends the seismic history at the larger magnitudes. It is beyond the scope of this paper to seek out and incorporate regional studies that might provide a higher level of completeness, so the ranking in table 1 and the curves in figure 2 are limited to what can be inferred from the ANSS and USGS catalogs. We will address the issue of catalog completeness later. Figure 1. Epicenters of earthquakes with magnitude 5.0 or greater, 1755–2005, based on the ANSS seismicity catalog (http://www.ncedc.org/anss/catalog-search.html) and the USGS Catalog of Significant Earthquakes after 1769 (http://neic.usgs.gov/neis/epic). We also have edited in the 1755 Cape Ann earthquake. View this table: TABLE 1 Numbers of earthquakes, by magnitude, in the 10 most active states based on the ANSS catalog (1898–2005) and Significant U.S. Earthquakes (1568–1989) . * For those states that have coastlines, this table includes earthquakes up to …
Determining the Extent of Market and Extent of Resource for Stated Preference Survey Design Using Mapping Methods

Determining the appropriate survey population and the commodity to be valued are among the most fundamental design decisions for stated preference (SP) surveys. However, often little information is available about who in the population holds measurable value for the resource (the extent of the market) and their perceptions regarding the scope of the resource to be valued (the extent of the resource). In this paper, we present a novel approach using cognitive mapping interview techniques to shed light on these design questions. The method also provides ancillary information that assists in the interpretation of information collected during focus groups and through SP survey administration. The approach was developed and tested as part of an ongoing study on environmental degradation associated with acidification in the Southern Appalachian Mountain region. Although damage from acidification in the study region is broad, it is not clear whether residents of this region care, in both a use and nonuse sense, about resources in their states of residence, in neighboring states, on public lands, or more broadly across the region. From a pilot study, we found that participants show a significant home-state preference in the number and size of natural areas that they value within the larger Southern Appalachian Mountain region. However, this preference is not strong enough to suggest that the market for improving these resources is solely constrained to residents of the state in which the resource is located.
Percolation and transport in a sandy soil under a natural hydraulic gradient

Unsaturated flow and transport under a natural hydraulic gradient in a Mediterranean climate were investigated with a field tracer experiment combined with laboratory analyses and numerical modeling. Bromide was applied to the surface of a sandy soil during the dry season. During the subsequent rainy season, repeated sediment sampling tracked the movement of bromide through the profile. Analysis of data on moisture content, matric pressure, unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, bulk density, and soil texture and structure provides insights into parameterization and use of the advective‐dispersive modeling approach. Capturing the gross features of tracer and moisture movement with model simulations required an order‐of‐magnitude increase in laboratory‐measured hydraulic conductivity. Wetting curve characteristics better represented field results, calling into question the routine estimation of hydraulic characteristics based only on drying conditions. Measured increases in profile moisture exceeded cumulative precipitation in early winter, indicating that gains from dew drip can exceed losses from evapotranspiration during periods of heavy (“Tule”) fog. A single‐continuum advective‐dispersive modeling approach could not reproduce a peak of bromide that was retained near the soil surface for over 3 years. Modeling of this feature required slow exchange of solute at a transfer rate of 0.5–1 × 10−4 d−1 with an immobile volume approaching the residual moisture content.
Open Programming Services for Virtual Machines The Design of Mozart and SEAM

This paper discusses designs for integrating services in general and open programming services in particular into virtual machines. We draw on our experience with two systems. The first is Mozart, a programming system implementing the language Oz. Mozart’s virtual machine provides a rich set of services for open programming, such as concurrency, persistence of data and code, components with dynamic linking, and distribution. The second system is Alice, which is at the same time a statically-typed variant of Oz, and an extension of Standard ML for open programming. Our design proposals for open programming services culminate in the definition of a virtual machine called Seam, which we claim to be simple, efficient, and extensible. We substantiate these claims with preliminary performance results.
Socially-Constructed Metrics for Agile Quality: An Action Research Study

We present a method to develop socially-constructed metrics for ascertaining agile software development quality. Canonical action research (CAR) is our mode of inquiry, conducted in a key European player of healthcare information systems. The result is a set of meaningful metrics that are built according to three interrelated dimensions: (1) evidence from practice; (2) stakeholders’ expectations; and (3) stakeholders’ evaluation. Our contribution suggests simple artifacts to create socially-constructed metrics and the main guidelines for applying them. Agile teams struggle with quality measurement, often supported by a plethora of metrics that do not adhere to rapidly changing project environments. We argue that socially-constructed metrics can address this problem, offering a contextualized perspective of quality that can improve tacit knowledge transfer; critical reflection about quality; and effective support in daily meetings, retrospectives, and audits. Moreover, it suggests a participative approach for continuous improvement in agile software development.
TURKIC-TYPE OROGENY AND ITS ROLE IN THE MAKING OF THE CONTINENTAL CRUST

▪ Abstract Turkic-type orogeny is a class of collisional mountain building, in which the precollision history of one, or both, of the colliding continents involves the growth of very large, subcontinent-size subduction-accretion complexes, into which magmatic arc axes commonly migrate and thus enlarge the continent to which they are attached. A review of the evolution of two Phanerozoic (Altaids, Nipponides), one Neoproterozoic (East African), and one Archean (Yilgarn) Turkic-type orogens shows that this type of orogeny may have been the principal builder of the continental crust through recorded Earth history. The total juvenile material added to Turkic-type orogens at any one time in the Phanerozoic seems close to 1 km3/year, which about equals the amount of material annually fed into the mantle at subduction zones. As some 0.02 to 0.03% of that material is generally agreed to return to the crust by arc magmatism, these figures provide a minimum net growth rate for the continental crust during the Phane.
Bridging onshore and offshore present‐day kinematics of central and eastern Mediterranean: Implications for crustal dynamics and mantle flow

We present a new kinematic and strain model of an area encompassing the Calabrian and Hellenic subduction zones, western Anatolia and the Balkans. Using Haines and Holt's (1993) method, we derive continuous velocity and strain rate fields by interpolating geodetic velocities, including recent GPS data in the Balkans. Relative motion between stable Eurasia and the western Aegean Sea is gradually accommodated by distributed N‐S extension from Southern Balkans to the Eastern Corinth Gulf, so that the westward propagation of the North Anatolian Fault (NAF) throughout continental Greece or Peloponnesus is not required. We thus propose that the NAF terminates in north Aegean and that N‐S extension localized in the Corinth Gulf and distributed in Southern Balkans is due to the retreat of the Hellenic slab. The motion of the Hyblean plateau, Apulia Peninsula, south Adriatic Sea, Ionian Basin and Sirte plain can be minimized by a single rigid rotation around a pole located in the Sirte plain, compatible with the opening the Pelagian rifts (2–2.5 mm/yr) and seismotectonics in Libya. We interpret the trenchward ultraslow motion of the Calabrian arc (2–2.5 mm/yr) as pure collapse, the Calabrian subduction being now inactive. In the absolute plate motion reference frame, our modeled velocity field depicts two toroïdal crustal patterns located at both ends of the Hellenic subduction zone, clockwise in NW Greece and counter‐clockwise in western Anatolia. We suggest the NW Greece toroïdal pattern is the surface expression of a slab tear and consequent toroïdal asthenospheric flow.
Guest editorial data mining and knowledge discovery with evolutionary algorithms

D ATA mining (DM) consists of extracting interesting knowledge from real-world, large and complex data sets; and is the core step of a broader process, called knowledge discovery from databases (KDD). In addition to the DM step, which actually extracts knowledge from data, KDD process includes several preprocessing (data preparation) and post-processing (knowledge refinement) steps. The goal of data preprocessing methods is to transform the data to facilitate the application of a (or several) given DM algorithm(s), whereas the goal of knowledge refinement methods is to validate and refine discovered knowledge. Ideally, discovered knowledge should be not only accurate, but also comprehensible and interesting for the user. The total process is computation intensive. The idea of automatically discovering knowledge from databases is a very attractive and challenging task, both for academia and for industry. Hence, there has been a growing interest in data mining in several machine learning related areas, including evolutionary algorithms (EAs). The main motivation for applying EAs to KDD tasks is that they are robust and adaptive search methods, which perform a global search in the space of candidate solutions. Intuitively, the global search performed by EAs can more effectively discover interesting patterns that would have been missed by the greedy search performed by many KDD methods. At present, results on investigations integrating EAs and DM, both theory and applications, are being made available in different journals and conference proceedings mainly in the fields dedicated to knowledge discovery and data mining or evolutionary computing. The objective of this issue is to assemble a set of high-quality original contributions that reflect the advances and the state-of-the-art in the area of data mining and knowledge discovery with EAs, thereby presenting a consolidated view to the interested researchers in the aforesaid fields, in general, and readers of the journal IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION, in particular. The special issue emphasizes the utility of different evolutionary computing tools to various facets of KDD. The issue has four papers. First two papers are on classification , while the third paper is on knowledge discovery from text. The fourth paper gives a comparison of various evolutionary and non-EAs for prototype selection and training set selection for data reduction in KDD. Experts of different active groups from the United States, Hong Kong, the United Kingdom, and Spain have written these articles; and 3–5 referees review each of them. These four papers were chosen from …
Adaptive Test Generation Using a Large Language Model

—Unit tests play a key role in ensuring the correctness of software. However, manually creating unit tests is a laborious task, motivating the need for automation. This paper presents T EST P ILOT , an adaptive test generation technique that leverages Large Language Models (LLMs). T EST P ILOT uses Codex, an off-the-shelf LLM, to automatically generate unit tests for a given program without requiring additional training or few-shot learning on examples of existing tests. In our approach, Codex is provided with prompts that include the signature and implementation of a function under test, along with usage examples extracted from documentation. If a generated test fails, T EST P ILOT ’s adaptive component attempts to generate a new test that ﬁxes the problem by re-prompting the model with the failing test and error message. We created an implementation of T EST P ILOT for JavaScript and evaluated it on 25 npm packages with a total of 1,684 API functions to generate tests for. Our results show that the generated tests achieve up to 93.1% statement coverage (median 68.2%). Moreover, on average, 58.5% of the generated tests contain at least one assertion that exercises functionality from the package under test. Our experiments with excluding parts of the information included in the prompts show that all components contribute towards the generation of effective test suites. Finally, we ﬁnd that T EST P ILOT does not generate memorized tests: 92.7% of our generated tests have ≤ 50% similarity with existing tests (as measured by normalized edit distance), with none of them being exact copies.
Hillsboro Inlet and the Lighthouse: One Hundred and Fifteen Years of Change

Hillsboro Inlet is one of many natural inlets along the Florida Atlantic Coast. The first documented map of Hillsboro Inlet in its present location was made in 1884. The inlet changed in 1890 with completion of the Florida East Coast Canal. The Hillsboro Lighthouse was constructed in 1905-1907. Early maps, photo records and written documentation have been used to describe the changes in 115 years. Gradual stabilization of the inlet by manmade structures from 1925 to 1966 are described. Dredging since 1983 has provided 100 percent sand bypassing. Future planned changes to deepen the inlet channel from 8 feet to 20 feet are described.
Methodologies and Programming Development of Applications on Modeling, Identification and Simulation

Resumen. - La modelacion, simulacion e identificacion de prototipos permiten realizar predicciones acertadas del comportamiento de los sistemas, ademas de hallar las expresiones matematicas tales como funciones de transferencia, ecuaciones diferenciales y variables de estado necesarias para la implementacion de controladores, sin necesidad de la implementacion de los prototipos reales, lo que permite simular en un entorno similar las perturbaciones o simplemente observar su respuesta en condiciones normales. Este trabajo presenta la modelacion de varios sistemas, utilizando diversos metodos sean estos directos, de redes o variacional, ademas del desarrollo de metodologias enfocadas al desarrollo de casos de estudio, a traves de los cuales se implementa cinematica inversa, transformaciones homogeneas, metodos de Newton-Euler, Euler-Lagrange y otros que facilitan la simulacion de sistemas a traves de Matlab. Abstract. - Modeling, simulation and identification of prototypes allow people to make right predictions about the behavior of systems also finding mathematical expressions such as transfer functions, differential equations and state variables needed to control implementation without being necessary to implement real prototypes which allow to simulate in a similar environment as the one with perturbation or simply observe the dynamical response in normal conditions.This paper is focused on modeling various systems, using diverse modeling methods as direct, net method or variational, also the development of methodologies dedicated on study cases developing through which is implemented inverted kinematics, homogenous transformations, Newton-Euler method, Euler-Lagrange method and some other methods that makes it simple to run system simulations on Matlab.
From Old Regional Development Policies To New Regionalism Paradigm In Turkey

One of the main economic problems of Turkey has been the increasing gap between the underdeveloped East and the developed West. Old regional policy approach has not met the needs of the country because of its hierarchical structure and state-centred coordination. Local/regional development policies in Turkey goes handin-hand with the national plans and does not reflect the demands of local people. The objective of the article is to provide new regional development paradigm argument as a solution to the regional disparities in Turkey. The main question is how these new policies can promote regional economic development in the country. Finally; this article aimed to examine the changing regional policies in Turkey, both previous and new policies have been discussed to determine their successes and weaknesses, and to offer a new policy framework for the regional development.