Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lifespan of Catalase-Deficient Mice Decreases Due to Lysosomal Dysfunction

Background: Lysosomes are a central hub for cellular metabolism and are involved in the regulation of cell homeostasis through the degradation or recycling of unwanted or dysfunctional organelles through the autophagy pathway. Catalase, a peroxisomal enzyme, plays an important role in cellular antioxidant defense by decomposing hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. In accordance with pleiotropic significance, both impaired lysosomes and catalase have been linked to many age-related pathologies with a decline in lifespan. Aging is characterized by progressive accumulation of macromolecular damage and the production of high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Although lysosomes degrade the most long-lived proteins and organelles via the autophagic pathway, the role of lysosomes and their effect on peroxisomes during aging is not known. The present study investigated the role of catalase and lysosomal function in catalase-knockout (KO) mice.Results: We found that catalase-deficient mice exhibited an aging phenotype faster than wild-type (WT) mice. We also found that aged catalase-KO mice induced leaky lysosomes by progressive accumulation of lysosomal contents, such as cathespin D, into the cytosol. Leaky lysosomes inhibited autophagosome formation and triggered impaired autophagy. The dysregulation of autophagy triggered mTORC1 (mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1) activation, which plays a pivotal role in modulating aging. However, the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin rescued leaky lysosomes and aging phenotypes in catalase-deficient aged mice.Conclusion: This study unveils the new role of catalase and its role in lysosomal function during aging.
Are Incident Durations and Secondary Incidents Interdependent?

Incidents impose substantial social and personal costs on drivers. Some of the larger incidents that cause delays are also associated with secondary incidents. However, the nature of interdependence between primary and secondary incidents is not fully known. The objective of this study is to understand how primary incident duration and secondary incident occurrence are related. Specifically, secondary incidents are more likely to occur if the primary incident lasts a long time; at the same time, the durations of primary incidents are expected to be longer if secondary incidents occur. After traffic incident and road inventory data in the Hampton Roads, Virginia, area were obtained, secondary incidents were then identified. Secondary incidents were defined as incidents occurring on the same roadway segment (which average 1 mi in length) as the primary incident and within the actual duration of the primary incident. If the primary incident blocked lanes, then the actual duration plus 15 min was used as the threshold. Models for primary incident durations and whether a secondary incident occurs are estimated. The interdependence is modeled by considering incident duration as endogenous in the secondary incident occurrence models. Results show statistical evidence for interdependence, but when it is taken into account, no substantial differences in the magnitudes and statistical significance for the estimated independent variables are found (compared with when the interdependence is not accounted for). Statistically significant correlations found between secondary incident occurrence and other variables allow the recommendation of specific operational strategies.
Kinetics and Mechanisms of Acid‐pH Weathering of Pyroxenes

Weathering of primary silicate minerals under acidic conditions occurs in contexts as varied as acid mine drainage, volcanic environments, soils, stone monuments subjected to acid rain or Geological Carbon Storage (GCS). Considering the abundance of pyroxenes on the Earth crust, knowledge of their weathering kinetics and mechanisms may help to optimize carbonate yield in GCS. Here we report experimental results from the reaction of the clinopyroxenes augite and diopside in acidic solutions. Dissolution at far‐from‐equilibrium conditions results in the formation of etch pits where crack initiate and propagate by stress corrosion and pressure exerted by swelling of an amorphous, gel‐like Si‐rich phase, which precipitates despite the undersaturation of the bulk solution and whose formation is highly controlled by the heterogeneity of the mineral surface and the local transport mechanism. These precipitates are commonly localized within deep etch pits and cracks, characterized by a low fluid renewal where high Si‐concentrations can be reached locally, so that supersaturation with respect to amorphous silica can occur. Cracks and silica precipitates are most abundant in the case of augite weathered in flow‐through experiments. This is related to its faster reaction rate compared to diopside, most likely due to its higher iron content. Finally, in the case of diopside an amorphous magnesium silicate hydrate (M‐S‐H) precursor forms, which represents an indirect evidence of the high pH conditions prevailing at the diopside‐solution interface during dissolution.
Traffic accident duration prediction based on natural language processing and a hybrid neural network architecture

Predicting the duration of traffic accidents can effectively help traffic management. To make a more accurate real-time prediction of traffic accident duration, and fully utilize the huge amount of traffic texts in social networks, in this paper, we consider this prediction task as a classification problem. First, the reported text of traffic accidents in social networks is obtained. After the data augmentation, the Bag-of-words model and Fisher optimal segmentation algorithm are combined to calculate the optimal classification threshold based on duration, and the accidents are classified into four classes. And then, the C-BiLSTM neural network is constructed by fusing convolutional neural network (CNN) and bidirectional long short term memory (Bi-LSTM) to predict the classes of accident durations, and the prediction accuracy of final trained model can reach 96.09%. Through experiments, the proposed method is proved to be practical and effective in solving traffic accident duration prediction.
Casual Work and Casualisation: How Does Australia Compare?

Abstract It is widely recognised that the category of casual work and its recent pattern of growth in Australia are somewhat unusual in cross-national comparison. But there is continuing confusion about what this means. This paper seeks to define more exactly the distinctive features of the Australian case. The first half of the paper introduces the phenomenon of casual work and casualisation. The second half takes up three different ways of comparing the category of casual work—looking in OECD countries for other examples of a category of ‘casual ‘, for parallel examples of ‘temporary’ work, and then for a substantive equivalent to casual work irrespective of its label. It concludes that the Australian experience is indeed unusual but it is not aberrant. The distinctive features include not only the size of the casual workforce (both regular and irregular) and the trajectory of growth over the past two decades but also the size of the shortfall in rights and benefits that divides casual and permanent employment and the way in which casualisation is facilitated by the distinctive system of labour regulation in Australia.
Design and optimization of a micro heat sink for concentrating photovoltaic/thermal (CPVT) systems

An optimization methodology for a microchannel heat sink suitable for the cooling of a parabolic trough CPVT system is presented in this study. Two different microchannel configurations are considere d, Fixed (FW �) and stepwise Variable-Width (VW �) microchannels respectively. The performance evaluation criteria comprise the thermal resistance of the hea t sink and the cooling medium pressure drop through the heat sink. Initially, the effect of the geometric p arameters on the heat sink thermal and hydrodynamic performance is investigated using a thermal resista nce model in order to save computational time. The results of the 1-D model enable the construction of surroga te functions for the thermal resistance and the pre ssure drop of the heat sink, which are considered as the objective functions for the multiobjective optimiza tion process that leads to the optimal geometric paramet ers. In a second step, a 3-D numerical model of flu id flow and conjugate heat transfer in the optimized FWheat sink is developed in order to investigate in detail the flow and thermal phenomena. The overall analysis demonstrates that microchannel heat sinks achieve ver y low values of thermal resistance and that the use o f variable-width channels can significantly reduce the pressure drop of the cooling fluid. Furthermore, it is proven that the 1-D model is capable of providi ng a good estimate of the behavior of the heat sink.
A unified molecular‐wide and electron density based concept of chemical bonding

Chemical bonding is at heart but, not being a quantum mechanical‐defined physical property of a system, is a subject of endless and often fruitless debates. Having so many and very different models of chemical bonding without knowing what this really is does not make it easier. There is, however, a general agreement that concentrating electron density (ED) in and delocalizing ED to internuclear region is always associated with minimizing system's energy and synonymous with chemical bonding. Fragment, atomic, localized, delocalized, and interatomic (FALDI)‐based density analysis involves entire space occupied by a molecule. From this molecular‐wide and density‐based methodology, it is possible to quantify localized and delocalized by all atoms ED at any coordinate r, including critical points on Bader's molecular graphs. Each atom and atom‐pair contributions of delocalized density are quantified to reveal major players in the all‐atom and molecular‐wide chemical bonding. Partitioning the total ED to individual molecular or natural orbital's contributions using MO‐ED and MO‐DI methods, in conjunction with one dimensional (1D) cross section methodology, generates an orbital‐based molecular‐wide picture. This provides, besides reproducing results from FALDI, qualitative description of orbitals' nature that correlates well with classical understanding of bonding, nonbonding, and antibonding orbitals. A qualitative and quantitative impact of an immediate, distant, or molecular‐wide molecular environment on intra‐ and intermolecular di‐atomic, intra‐ and interfragment interactions is the domain of the Fragment Attributed Molecular System Energy Change (FAMSEC) family of methods. The FALDI, FAMSEC, MO‐ED, MO‐DI, and 1D cross section methodologies provide consistent and quantifiable physics‐based picture of molecular‐wide chemical bonding without invoking unicorns, such as a chemical bond.
The Patient Satisfaction with Pharmacist Services Questionnaire (PSPSQ 2.0): translation and validation study of the Urdu version

The study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Urdu version of Patient Satisfaction with Pharmacist Services Questionnaire (PSPSQ 2.0). We applied the forward-backward procedure to translate the PSPSQ 2.0 in the Urdu language. The test-retest reliability was assessed through Cronbach’s alpha reliability analysis. The validity of the translated PSPSQ 2.0 was constructed by using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) through principal axis factoring extraction and Oblique rotation with Kaiser Normalization onto 2 predetermined factors. The Quality of Care (QOC) construct exhibited Cronbach’s alpha values of 0.900 (Test) and α = 0.871 (Retest) at two-time points. The Interpersonal Relationship (IPR) Construct had alpha values of 0.845 (Test) and α = 0.819 (Retest). The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy for the factor analysis was 0.899. Barlett’s Test of Sphericity was significant (Chi-square = 1192.72; p 0.50) for all items of the translated version of PSPSQ 2.0. Results of this study conclude that the translated version of PSPSQ 2.0 is a valid instrument in regions where Urdu is a prime language of communication
Biomass burning events measured by lidars in EARLINET – Part 2: Optical properties investigation

Abstract. Biomass burning episodes measured at 14 stations of the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET) over 2008–2017 were analysed using the methodology described in "Biomass burning events measured by lidars in EARLINET – Part 1: Data analysis methodology" (Adam et al., 2020, this issue). The smoke layers were identified in lidar optical properties profiles. A number of 795 layers for which we measured at least one intensive parameter was analysed. These layers were geographically distributed as follows: 399 layers observed in South-East Europe, 119 layers observed in South-West Europe, 243 layers observed in North-East Europe, and 34 layers observed in Central Europe. The mean layer intensive parameters are discussed following two research directions: (I) the long-range transport of smoke particles from North America, and (II) the smoke properties (fresh versus aged), separating the smoke events into four continental source regions (European, North American, African, Asian or a mixture of two), based on back trajectory analysis. The smoke detected in Central Europe (Cabauw, Leipzig, and Hohenpeißenberg) was mostly transported from North America (87 % of fires). In North-East Europe (Belsk, Minsk, Warsaw) smoke advected mostly from Eastern Europe (Ukraine and Russia), but there was a significant contribution (31 %) from North America. In South-West Europe (Barcelona, Evora, Granada) smoke originated mainly from the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa (while 9 % were originating in North America). In the South-East Europe (Athens, Bucharest, Potenza, Sofia, Thessaloniki) the origin of the smoke was mostly local (only 3 % represented North America smoke). The following features, correlated with the increased smoke travel time (corresponding to aging) were found: the colour ratio of the lidar ratio (i.e., the ratio of the lidar ratio at 532 nm to the lidar ratio at 355 nm) and the colour ratio of the backscatter Ångström exponent (i.e., the ratio of the backscatter-related Angstrom exponent for the pair 532 nm – 1064 nm to the one for the pair 355 nm – 532 nm) increase, while the extinction Ångström exponent and the colour ratio of the particle depolarization ratio (i.e., the ratio of the particle linear depolarization ratio at 532 nm to the particle depolarization ratio at 355 nm) decrease. The smoke originating from all continental regions can be characterized on average as aged smoke, with a very few exceptions. In general, the long range transported smoke shows higher lidar ratio and lower depolarization ratio compared to the local smoke.
Bioimpedance spectroscopy in haemodynamic analysis

Venous insufficiency is estimated to affect between 10% and 35% of the population in the US with symptoms ranging from mild discomfort to chronic ulceration which may reduce quality of life. Early diagnosis is the key to pre-emptive treatment. We have previously reported [5] an impedance technique for measurement of calf muscle pump function although it was noted that the results could be confounded by change in limb geometry during the exercise protocol. We report here a modified protocol to account for change in limb geometry. Impedance of a 20 cm segment of the calf was continuously recorded using an SFB7 bioimpedance spectrometer whilst subjects performed a sequence of manoeuvres: a) supine with leg raised (for 10 min); b) standing (4 s); c) plantar flexion (tiptoe, 4 s); d) standing elevated on one leg removing tension on the measured leg with the foot horizontal (4 s); e) with the leg relaxed (4 s) and then the sequence repeated. The impedance ratio, k = (e-d)/(c-b), was the proportion of the impedance change, occurring during calf muscle pumping, due primarily to change in limb shape only, i.e. independent of the impedance change due to ejection of blood as a function of calf muscle pump action. Thus (1-k) can be used to correct the ejection fraction (%) calculated as (c-b)/(a-b)*100 for the confounding effect of change in limb geometry. Ejection fractions calculated by this method in 10 control subjects were 51.5 ± 30.1% with no values greater than 100% as found previously.
Millimeter-wave measurement of subwavelength thickness with surface waves

Thickness measurements of cellulose acetate thin films (25 - 76 microns) placed directly above a conducting plate are made with W-band millimeter-waves (75 - 110 GHz). The surface wave excited by a transmitter near the sample surface is picked up by a separate receiver. The phase of the received signal was then related to the film thickness. The radiation from the transmitter is modeled as that produced by a vertical electric dipole over a two-layer medium. A contour integration is performed to derive the theoretical dependence of the phase shift on the dielectric thickness. A quadratic dependence was expected theoretically and observed experimentally. It was also found that achieving thickness resolution to several microns appears feasible. This technique displayed relatively high tolerance to variations in placement of the receiver and the dielectric samples.
The Relationship Between Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity with Serum Antioxidant and Oxidant Parameters in Hemodialysis Patients

Objective: The dietary total antioxidant capacity (dTAC) is the cumulative total of all antioxidant compounds contained in food and is associated with dietary food consumption. Therefore, it can be used as an indicator of dietary quality. The aim of the study is to assess the relationship between dTAC values with serum antioxidant (total antioxidant capacity (TAC); paraoxonase1 (PON1), and arylesterase (ARES)) and oxidant (total oxidant status (TOS); Oxidative Stress Index (OSI), and malondialdehyde (MDA)) parameters in hemodialysis patients. Methods: This experimental randomized controlled human study was conducted in 2 dialysis centers in Bingol, Turkey. In this study, 46 participants were included in each of the 2 groups of hemodialysis and control. The dietary intake was assessed with a 7-day food diary, and the dTAC values were calculated from databases of oxygen radical absorbance capac ity (ORAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP), trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and the equation of vitamin C equivalent antioxidant capacity (VCEAC). Results: The values of dTAC were lower in the hemodialysis patients than in the control group ( P < .01). There was a positive correlation between the values of TEAC, TRAP, FRAP, and serum PON1, whereas there was a significant negative correla tion between C-reactive protein (CRP) values ( P < .05). Conclusion: The dietary TAC values were lower in the hemodialysis patients, and they were related with serum PON1 and CRP. Increasing the dTAC content is thought to have positive effects on patients, and it should be increased by providing healthy nutrition.
Manufacturing planning and control approaches: market alignment and performance

The design of manufacturing planning and control (MPC) systems is a strategic decision for manufacturing operations. In this paper we analyze the interrelationships between the choice of MPC approaches at different hierarchical levels with market requirements and operational performance. These relationships are explored through an extensive survey comprising responses from 128 manufacturing firms. The results show that the choice of MPC approaches, primarily at the sales and operations planning and master scheduling levels, has a significant mediating role in improving performance. The alignment between market requirements and the choice of MPC approaches is significant and has a significant impact on performance. In a dynamic environment, the choice of MPC approaches is shown to have a positive mediating effect on operational performance.
Unsupervised community detection in attributed networks based on mutual information maximization

Community detection is of great significance for understanding network functions and behaviors. With the successful application of deep learning in network-based analyses, recent studies have turned to utilizing graph convolutional networks (GCNs) to this problem due to their capability in capturing network attributes. Nevertheless, most existing GCN-based community detection approaches are semi-supervised and local structure-aware, even though community detection is an unsupervised learning problem essentially. In this paper, we develop a novel GCN method for unsupervised community detection under the framework of mutual information (MI) maximization, called UCDMI. Specifically, a novel MI maximization mechanism is developed to capture more fine-grained information of the global network structure in an unsupervised manner. Moreover, a new aggregation function is proposed for GCN to distinguish the importance between different neighboring nodes, which enables our method to identify more high-quality node representations and improve the community detection performance. Our extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed UCDMI compared with several state-of-the-art community detection methods.
A Hybrid Modeling of Mobile App Dynamics on Serial Causality for Malware Detection

The popularity of smart phones has brought significant convenience to people’s lives, but also there are many security problems. In recent years, malicious applications are increasingly rampant, which threaten users and society as security challenges to network reliability and management. However, due to neglecting the sequential features between network flows, existing malicious application recognition methods based on network traffic analysis have low recognition accuracy. Based on the network traffic characteristics of Android applications, this paper firstly applies Long Short-Term Memory network-based variational Auto-Encoder to extract the sequential feature of the application running time. Then, we design the BP neural network for initial classification and connect the class vector output of the BP neural network with the original data. The output is fed into the cascade forest for further feature learning and classification. The integrated methods are easy to implement with data independency and efficiency. We conduct experiments to evaluate the proposed with Android malware dataset CICAndMal2017, with a 97.29% high accuracy, comparatively significant precision and recall rates when benchmarked against other methods.
Piezoelectric composites for distributed passive electric control: beam modelling, modal analysis, and experimental implementation

This thesis studies composite structures hosting distributed piezoelectric elements. It consists of three major parts dealing with beam modelling, modal analysis, and passive vibration control with electric circuits. Beam modeling analyzes the influence of 3D effects on 1D models of layered beams including thickness-polarized piezoelectric laminae and proposes a corrected Euler-Bernoulli model based on a mixed variational formulation. Modal analysis studies numerical and experimental methods for the identification of an electromechanical modal model of a stepped beam including multiple piezoelectric segments. These results are applied to the optimization of resistive-inductive electric networks for vibration control through distributed piezoelectric shunting. Each part includes theoretical analysis, numerical works, and experimental validation. In particular, the first experimental implementation of distributed piezoelectric shunting with multi-terminal electric networks is presented.