Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study of Five Level Reduced Switch Count Multilevel Inverter

This paper presents the various multilevel inverter(MLI) topologies and compares their conventional and reduced switch topology for a five-level inverter. According to the results of the simulation, Reduced switch topology is constructed with the reduced switch, which causes switching losses to decrease as efficiency increases. The suggested topology reduces THD because it uses a phase disposition technique as the control scheme with a switching frequency of 10 kHz, which was utilised to create a computer-based model of both the standard and reduced switch five level single phase multilevel inverters.
Improved Dielectrically Modulated Quad Gate Schottky Barrier MOSFET Biosensor

A novel Schottky barrier MOSFET with quad gate and with source engineering has been proposed in this work. A high-κ dielectric is used at the source side of the channel, while SiO2 is used at the drain side of the channel. To improve the carrier mobility, a SiGe pocket region is created at the source side of the channel. Physical and electrical characteristics of the proposed device are compared with conventional double gate Schottky barrier MOSFET. It has been observed that the proposed device exhibits better performance, with a higher ION/IOFF ratio and lower subthreshold slope. The high-κ dielectric, along with the SiGe pocket region, improves tunneling probability, while aluminum, along with SiO2 at the drain side, broadens the drain/channel Schottky barrier and reduces the hole tunneling probability, resulting in a reduced OFF-state current. Further, the proposed device is used as a biosensor to detect both the charged and neutral biomolecules. Biosensors are made by creating a nanocavity in the dielectric region near the source end of the channel to capture biomolecules. Biomolecules such as streptavidin, biotin, APTES, cellulose and DNA have unique dielectric constants, which modulates the electrical parameters of the device. Different electrical parameters, viz., the electric field, surface potential and drain current, are analyzed for each biomolecule. It has been observed that drain current increases with the dielectric constant of the biomolecules. Furthermore, the sensitivity and selectivity of the proposed biosensors is better than that of conventional biosensors made using double gate Schottky barrier MOSFETs. Sensitivity is almost twice that of a conventional sensor, while selectivity is six to twelve times higher than a conventional one.
Tokamak plasma high field side response to an n = 3 magnetic perturbation: a comparison of 3D equilibrium solutions from seven different codes

In comparing equilibrium solutions for a DIII-D shot that is amenable to analysis by both stellarator and tokamak three-dimensional (3D) equilibrium codes, a significant disagreement has been seen between solutions of the VMEC stellarator equilibrium code and solutions of tokamak perturbative 3D equilibrium codes. The source of that disagreement has been investigated, and that investigation has led to new insights into the domain of validity of the different equilibrium calculations, and to a finding that the manner in which localized screening currents at low order rational surfaces are handled can affect global properties of the equilibrium solution. The perturbative treatment has been found to break down at surprisingly small perturbation amplitudes due to overlap of the calculated perturbed flux surfaces, and that treatment is not valid in the pedestal region of the DIII-D shot studied. The perturbative treatment is valid, however, further into the interior of the plasma, and flux surface overlap does not account for the disagreement investigated here. Calculated equilibrium solutions for simple model cases and comparison of the 3D equilibrium solutions with those of other codes indicate that the disagreement arises from a difference in handling of localized currents at low order rational surfaces, with such currents being absent in VMEC and present in the perturbative codes. The significant differences in the global equilibrium solutions associated with the presence or absence of very localized screening currents at rational surfaces suggests that it may be possible to extract information about localized currents from appropriate measurements of global equilibrium plasma properties. That would require improved diagnostic capability on the high field side of the tokamak plasma, a region difficult to access with diagnostics.
Design of 10-dB Symmetric Broadband Multi-Sectional Directional Coupler

A 10-dB symmetric broadband multi-sectional directional coupler applied to the 0. 7-3.7 GHz band is introduced to address the high bandwidth requirement of directional couplers for microwave systems. The coupler is designed with a double-layer parallel stripline structure and extends the bandwidth of the coupler by using a three-section coupling line. Higher directionality is also achieved by adding branches at the coupling line connections. The simulation is optimized by HFSS simulation software. The simulation results show that the isolation (S41) of the coupler is greater than 35 dB, the return loss (S11) is greater than 27 dB, and the in-band fluctuation of coupling (S31) is less than ± 1dB in the range of 0.7 -3.7 GHz, which meets the design requirements of 10-db coupler.
[Si II], [Fe II], [C II], and H2 Emission from Massive Star-forming Regions

We calculate the [Si II] 34.8 μm, [Fe II] 26.0 μm, and [C II] 158 μm infrared fine-structure emission that may arise from ionized gas (H II regions) and/or associated neutral gas (photodissociation regions [PDRs]) in massive star-forming regions. Assuming thermal pressure balance between an H II region and a PDR, the relative amounts of fine-structure line emission from the H II region and PDR depend on the electron density and resulting thermal pressure in the H II region, gas-phase abundances of the emitting species, and the UV spectrum from the stellar population producing the H II region. For normal metallicity, we find that [C II] emission is always dominated by PDRs, while [Si II] and [Fe II] are dominated by PDRs for H II regions with electron density ne ≳ 10 cm-3. We also calculate the H2 0-0 S(0), 0-0 S(1), 0-0 S(2), and 0-0 S(3) pure rotational line emission arising from the PDR at the atomic-to-molecular interface. The overall intensity of the H2 line emission directly traces warm molecular mass, while H2 line ratios constrain the PDR temperature, gas density, and far-ultraviolet field strength. Models of the integrated emission of [Si II], [Fe II], [C II], and H2 from Galactic and extragalactic star-forming regions are presented for use in interpreting observations with Spitzer, ISO, SOFIA, and the Herschel Space Observatory. We compare our results with observations of the Galactic source NGC 2023 (an individual H II/photodissociation region in Orion), the inner regions of the Milky Way, and the central regions of the nearby star-forming spiral galaxy NGC 7331. We also compare our results with recently published similar work by Abel and coworkers.
An XOR-Based Pico-Physically Unclonable Function for Securing IoT Devices

Physically unclonable function (PUF) can be applied as a lightweight way to improve the security of Internet of Thing (IoT) devices. In the existing PUF studies, reconfigurable Pico-PUF (RPPUF) is an effective solution with good uniqueness and reliability. However, it still has a limited key space and requires extra hardware resources to generate more challenge-response pairs (CRPs). Therefore, this paper improves the RPPUF and proposes a lightweight XOR-based Pico-PUF, namely XORPPUF. By replacing each NOT gate in the configurable logic with an XOR gate, the key space is effectively expanded while preserving the PUF performance. We have implemented and verified the proposed XORPPUF on Xilinx Spartan-6 XC6SLX25 microboards. The experimental results show that XORPPUF achieves 40.06% uniqueness and 99.49% temperature reliability. Compared with the RPPUF, our work improves temperature reliability by 0.26%, expands key space by 2n, and reduces hardware resources overhead by 11.3% when generating a 128-bit PUF response. In addition, the prediction rate of our XORPPUF against Decision Tree (DT) and Random Forest (RF)-based modeling attacks is 34.17% and 39.40% lower than RPPUF, respectively. This means XORPPUF performs better resistant than RPPUF in Machine Learning (ML) attack. Thus, it is more suitable for securing the IoT devices with limited resources.
Feelings of guilt, shame, and forgiveness of the detainees and convicts in a psychiatric prisoner’s service

Introduction: In the present study, the purpose was to examine whether there is a difference in the feelings of guilt, shame, and forgiveness in prisoners who committed one or more crimes. Also, the relationship between the number of crimes involved, the diagnosis of existing or past psychiatric diseases, and demographic data was examined. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 107 inpatients in the prisoner’s ward. The demographic data forms Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Guilt and Shame Scale (GSS), and Heartland Forgiveness Scale (HFS) were administered in the study. Results: A total of 107 people (51 people involved in one single crime and 56 people involved in more than one crime) were included in the study. The education level was lower in many crimes than in a single crime (p=0.032). Although the diagnosis of mood disorder was higher in the group that was involved in one single crime (36.6%), the diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder was higher in the group that was involved in multiple crimes (41.9%). No differences were detected between the groups in terms of BAI (p = 0.903) and BDI (p = 0.557) scores. No differences were detected between the groups in terms of GSS (guilt and shame) and HFS scores (p values of 0.745 and 0.676, respectively). A positive correlation was detected between the BDI and BAI of all prisoners and the HFS-forgiveness subscale. A positive correlation was detected between the GSS-guilt and shame subscales and all subscales and the total score of HFS. Conclusion: The study showed that anxiety and depression are more common in individuals who were exposed to violence in childhood. It was considered that identifying the prisoners who were involved in the crime for the first time and who felt remorseful and guilty could prevent further crimes. Finally, it is considered that the rate of crime can be reduced by preventing childhood violence and providing psychiatric support to individuals with psychiatric symptoms in order to raise individuals who are mentally healthy and have a low tendency to harm.
An Effective Low-Dimensional Software Code Representation using BERT and ELMo

Contextualised word representations (e.g., ELMo and BERT) have been shown to outperform static representations (e.g., Word2vec, Fasttext, and GloVe) for many NLP tasks. In this paper, we investigate the use of contextualised embeddings for code search and classification, an area receiving less attention. We construct CodeELMo by training ELMo from scratch and fine tuning CodeBERT embeddings using masked language modeling based on natural language (NL) texts related to software development concepts and programming language (PL) texts consisting of method comment pairs from open source code bases. The dimensionality of the Finetuned Code BERT embeddings is reduced using linear transformations and augmented with a CodeELMo representation to develop CodeELBE – a lowdimensional contextualised software code representation. Results for binary classification and retrieval tasks show that CodeELBE1 considerably improves retrieval performance on standard deep code search datasets compared to CodeBERT and baseline BERT models.
Adaptive Neural Network Control for a Class of Strict-Feedback Nonlinear Systems

In this paper,a novel design scheme of adaptive neural network controller is proposed for a class of strict-feedback nonlinear system with perturbation based on dynamic surface control technique. The problem of explosion of complexity in traditional back stepping design is eliminated by utilizing dynamic surface control. By discussing the low bound,the singularity of adaptive controller is avoided in indirect control. Using Lyapunov method,the closed-loop systems is proved to be semi-globally uniformly ultimately bounded,with arbitrary small tracking error by appropriately choosing design constants. The simulation result indicates the effectiveness of the proposed controlling method.
Oxygen for the Newborn: Friend or Foe?

Oxygen supplementation is widely used in neonatal care, however, it can also cause toxic effects if not used properly. Therefore, it appears crucial to find a balance in oxygen administration to avoid damage as a consequence of its insufficient or excessive use. Oxygen toxicity is mainly due to the production of oxygen radicals, molecules normally produced in humans and involved in a myriad of physiological reactions. In the neonatal period, an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidant defenses, the so-called oxidative stress, might occur, causing severe pathological consequences. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms of the production of oxygen radicals and their physiological functions in determining a set of diseases grouped together as “free radical diseases in the neonate”. In addition, we describe the evolution of the oxygenation target recommendations during neonatal resuscitation and post-stabilization phases with the aim to define the best oxygen administration according to the newest evidence.
Electromagnetic Wave Manipulations via Liquid-metal-based Coding Metamaterial System

For decades, metamaterials have been widely investigated for their excellent feature of fashioning the spatial electromagnetic (EM) waves. Moreover, to control the EM waves in a digitally discretized manner, the concepts of the digital coding metamaterial and programmable metamaterial were proposed in 2014. However, most time, the reconfigurable function of the coding metamaterials is realized by electricity through active elements, such as PIN diodes. Here, we introduce another driving manner, liquid-metal-based mechanical driving, to the coding metamaterial system. In general, liquid-metal-based coding metamaterials have two main distinguishing features: 1) they can implement reconfigurable states continuously owing to the fluidity; 2) they can get rid of the mechanical fatigue and damage due to the flexibility of liquid metal and its containers. In the paper, we begin by designing a liquid-metal-based meta-atom with the characteristics of broadband reconfiguration, multi-bit coding and wide-angle incidence. Then, the designed meta-atoms are spatially arranged to realize the applications of broadband beam-steering and broadband RCS reduction.
Design and Engineering of highly selective compact SSS based mm-Wave BPF

Paper discusses about the design, engineering of mm-Wave (34 – 36 GHz) BPF. Key challenge is designing a highly selective filter in compact size. It finds applications in high frequency front-end receivers, up/down-converters etc. The realized filter offers rejections >60dB at 10% away from band edges. Measured pass band insertion loss is < 3.6dB while measured return loss is >12dB. The filter is realized on 5 mils thick RF laminate with dielectric constant of 2.2. Realized filter size is 2.4x2. 0x0.8cm3 and can be utilized as a stand-alone or drop-in module. The measured result is in good correlation with the simulated result.
Designing a Personalized Stress Management System for Call Center Workers

Call center workers are often required to suppress their emotions and perform emotional labor, which can negatively impact their mental health. Current stress management methods may not be effective for all individuals, as stress is highly individualized and may require ongoing, personalized strategies. In this paper, we propose a personalized stress management system to help call center employees recognize and relieve stress. The system includes a mechanism for quantifying stress levels at work, evidence-based interventions, and a process for reflecting on stress and setting goals for maintaining mental health. We conducted a preliminary study to understand the work context of call center employees and used the findings to inform the design of the system. Finally, we discuss the potential benefits of the system and outline future work to further develop and evaluate the system.
Exploration of the Grasp Space Using Independent Contact and Non-Graspable Regions

This report presents the use of independent contact and non-graspable regions to generate the grasp space for 2D and 3D discrete objects. The grasp space is constructed via a sampling method, which provides samples of force-closure or non force-closure grasps, used to compute regions of the graspable or non-graspable space, respectively. The method provides a reliable procedure for an efficient generationof the whole grasp space for n-finger grasps on discrete objects; two examples on 2D objects are provided to illustrate its performance. The approach has several applications in manipulation and regrasping of objects, as it provides a large number of force-closure and non forceclosure grasps in a short time.
On Conformity Testing and the Use of two Stage Procedures

Conformity testing is a systematic examination of the extent to which an entity conforms to specified requirements. Such testing is performed in industry as well as in regulatory agencies in a variety of fields. In this paper we discuss conformity testing under measurement or sampling uncertainty. Although the situation has many analogies to statistical testing of a hypothesis concerning the unknown value of the measurand there are no generally accepted rules for handling measurement uncertainty when testing for conformity.
Effect of IMU location on estimation of vertical ground reaction force during jumping

Introduction: Several investigations have examined utilizing inertial measurement units (IMU) to estimate ground reaction force (GRF) during exercise. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of inertial measurement units location on the estimation of ground reaction force during vertical jumping. Methods: Eight male subjects completed a series of ten countermovement jumps on a force plate (FP). The subjects had an inertial measurement units attached to the sacrum, back and chest. Ground reaction force was estimated from data from the individual inertial measurement units and by using a two-segment model and combined sensor approach. Results: The peak ground reaction force values for the sacrum, back, chest and combined inertial measurement units were 1,792 ± 278 N, 1,850 ± 341 N, 2,054 ± 346 N and 1,812 ± 323 N, respectively. The sacral inertial measurement units achieved the smallest differences for ground reaction force estimates providing a root mean square error (RMSE) between 88 N and 360 N. The inertial measurement units on the sacrum also showed significant correlations in peak ground reaction force (p < 0.001) and average ground reaction force (p < 0.001) using the Bland-Altman 95% Limits of Agreement (LOA) when in comparison to the force plate. Discussion: Based on assessment of bias, Limits of Agreement, and RMSE, the inertial measurement units located on the sacrum appears to be the best placement to estimate both peak and average ground reaction force during jumping.
Building Layout Tomographic Imaging Method with Sparse Scan Angles

In building layout tomographic imaging, limited by detection efficiency and actual environment, the transmitting and receiving nodes can only scan the building from a few sparse angles. This results in obvious artifacts and inaccurate wall parameters in the imaging results. Aiming at the situation of sparse scan angles, this paper proposes an improved building layout tomographic imaging method with wide band signals. First, the direct path delay is estimated from the original signal and canceled with the empty scene delay. Then, a linear tomographic projection model is established according to the canceled direct path delay. In addition, an improved algebraic reconstruction technique (ART) with an adaptive total variation (TV) descent algorithm and an adaptive projection matrix modification approach is proposed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by numerical simulation.
A Multi-camera Vessel Trajectory Tracking System

The task of multi-camera vessel tracking has become a critical issue due to the development of intelligent transportation on water and the need for waterborne traffic supervision. This paper proposes a multi-camera vessel trajectory tracking (MCVTT) system dedicated to improving tracking accuracy. Meanwhile, considering that the Kalman filter has a good performance in the tracking field, an extended Kalman filter for complex vessel motion trajectories is set up as a part of this system to meet the needs of multi-camera vessel traffic scene characteristics. The simulation results show that the system can track the vessel trajectory effectively and achieve the purpose of the system to improve the tracking accuracy gradually.
An Inflatable Wideband Stacked Microstrip Antenna with Circular Polarization

In this letter, a concept of inflatable wideband stacked microstrip antenna with circular polarization is proposed. The stacked antenna is consists of two layers of substrates including rectangular patches with triangle cuts and air gap with inflatable structure as a median layer. Simulated result shows that -10 dB impedance bandwidth of the proposed design covers 1.35 to 1.79 GHz (27.5%). The antenna has a satisfying characteristic of right-hand circular polarization, and the simulated axial ratio bandwidth can cover 1.4-1.58 GHz (12.1%). The radiation gain of the antenna are over 8 dBi at working band. The proposed antenna demonstrates the potentials in satellite navigation system.
Metasurface Loaded Dual-Mode Wideband Dipole Antenna using Characteristic Mode Analysis

A metasurface-loaded dual-mode wideband dipole antenna is proposed. Revealed by characteristic mode analysis (CMA), the metasurface (MTS) provides an additional loop mode in addition to the dipole mode, both of broadside radiation, hence improved bandwidth. With an overall size of 0.37$\lambda_{0} \times 0.72 \lambda_{0}$ (where $\lambda_{0}$ is the free-space wavelength at 2.53 GHz), the proposed antenna achieves a measured bandwidth of 54.9% (2.53–4.45 GHz) for $\vert S_{11} \vert \lt - 10$ dB, within which the broadside gain varies from 6.47 to 8.27 dBi. The proposed method of designing wideband dipole antennas provides an alternate solution to wideband base-station antennas.
Design of broadband frequency-selective rasorber with square resonators

A polarization-insensitive frequency-selective rasorber (FSR) with a wide passband is proposed in this research. The FSR can be divided into a frequency selective surface (FSS) layer and an absorptive layer. The FSS layer consists of three metallic layers and two dielectric plates. The metallic layers are divided into two square patches and a square gap respectively. The absorptive layer is connected by a series of square resonators and chip resistors. The simulated results show that the 3dB passband of the proposed FSR is from 6.0 to 10.0 GHz, and the in-band insertion loss (IL) is 0.6 dB. Besides, the bandwidth of reflection below - 10 dB can reach 122% from 3.2 to 13.3 GHz. The simulated outcomes demonstrate that the proposed FSR has a wide passband and a wide working bandwidth.