Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
User-Defined Relationships: Exploring the Dynamics of Attachment Style and Motives, Activities, and Outcomes of Social Network Sites

The rise of social network sites (SNSs) provided users with new ways to initiate and maintain personal relationships. Numerous functions (e.g., messaging, sharing, and reacting on content) allow for social interaction customized to distinct relationship needs and behaviors. This study investigated the associations of attachment style with distinct SNS usage patterns. Furthermore, the relationships of SNS (1) motives, (2) activities, and (3) outcomes were examined. In line with previous research, attachment anxiety was strongly related to SNS use. It predicted all relational SNS motives and activities. In contrast, high avoidance predicted a higher motive to use SNS to maintain autonomy, less monitoring activity, and higher scores on social media addiction. SNS motives (i.e., intimacy) partially mediated the relationship of attachment style on SNS activities. Furthermore, certain SNS motives, activities, and combinations of both aspects fully mediated the associations between attachment dimensions and social media addiction. The findings indicate that neglecting the mediating role of SNS motives and activities might partly account for inconsistencies in previous findings.
The influence of barriers on entrepreneurial intentions: Student entrepreneurship in Western Balkan countries

The paper is based on the findings of the research of students of business administration in the countries of the Western Balkans and aims to identify the impact of entrepreneurial barriers on their intentions to start entrepreneurial ventures. Barriers are classified into four categories. The first category is knowledge and skill barriers. The second group of barriers includes financial barriers. Subjective circumstances represent the third, and administrative procedures and fiscal burdens are the fourth groups of barriers. The research was conducted with 910 respondents, which consists of 71 questions. For the analysis, 6 questions related to the demographic profile and general information were used, while for the second part, 14 were used, which belong to the categories of barriers. The SPSS program was used for the empirical analysis of the results. The results showed that financial barriers, administrative procedures, and fiscal burdens harm entrepreneurial intentions. Within the group of barriers of knowledge and skills, the lack of business plan development skills and the lack of financial skills harm entrepreneurial aspirations, while the other barriers are not statistically significant. It was confirmed that statistically significant barriers to entrepreneurial intentions belong to subjective circumstances: lack of support from the environment and fear of failure.
Spatial profiles of high-order harmonics generated by a femtosecond Cr:LiSAF laser

Reports the angular distributions of high-order harmonic radiation generated in neon and in argon using a 140 fs Cr:LiSAF laser system. The profiles show an evolution from Gaussian to near flat-top. No substructure is observed except at the highest intensity in a completely ionized gas. The divergence of the harmonics is found to depend essentially on whether they belong to the plateau or to the cutoff. It is approximately constant in the plateau, of the order of 15 mrad and decreases from 15 mrad to 6 mrad in the cutoff region.
Counterfactual Explanations for Workforce Scheduling and Routing Problems

: End-users of system solving combinatorial optimization problems such as the Workforce Scheduling and Routing Problem usually do not have the necessary background for understanding the reasons which has lead the system to output speciﬁc solutions and may have questions about them, especially questions about non-expected facts observed in the solutions. Developing techniques to automatically generate explanations in response to end-users questions would then help enhancing their understanding of the results and preserve their trust in the system. In this paper, we propose a new mathematical programming-based approach to compute counterfactual explanations in response to end-users’ questions. Such explanations emphasize the few changes that may be operated on the instance data for obtaining solutions corresponding to the end-users’ expectations.
Fabrication of biological microarrays using microcantilevers

Arrays of silicon-based microcantilevers with properly designed passivated aluminum electrodes have been used to generate microarrays by depositing microspots of biological samples using a direct contact deposition technique. The approach proposed here can be compared to the dip-pen technique but with the noticeable difference that electrostatic fields are generated onto the cantilevers to increase the height of liquid rise on the cantilever surface when dipping them into the liquid to be deposited. Both electrowetting through the reduction of the contact angle and dielectrophoresis through electrostatic forces can be used to favor the loading efficiency. These phenomena are particularly pronounced on the microscale due to the fact that physical scaling laws favor electrostatic forces. Moreover, at this scale, conductive heat dissipation is enhanced and therefore joule heating can be minimized. Using this approach, with a single loading, arrays of more than a hundred spots, from the femtoliter to the pico.
Reducing errors in seismic tomography: combined inversion for sources and structure

SUMMARY To perform seismic tomography, accurate determinations of event locations and focal mechanisms are required. These are usually obtained prior to tomographic inversion; often, little attention is paid to the earth model used for their determination. We show that an imprint of this model is found in the model recovered after tomographic inversion. To reduce this problem, it is important to recalculate earthquake source parameters as the inversion proceeds; synthetic tests suggest that this yields a better correspondence between recovered and true models. However, alternate source and structure inversions lead to a slow rate of convergence, and significant errors remain. We therefore propose combining source and structure inversion into a single inverse problem, and present an efficient algorithm to do this. We demonstrate that this reduces the number of iterations required to achieve a given accuracy; in our experiments, we observe a fourfold improvement on alternate inversions. We focus on full-waveform inversions for both source and structure, although the methods presented are general and should be applicable to other techniques.
Surface-wave propagation over sinusoidally varying topography

Surface waves travelling in water of finite depth may be scattered by a region of undulating bottom topography. The present study is concerned with the idealized two-dimensional situation in which long-crested surface waves are incident upon a patch of long-crested regular bottom ripples. The principal question examined concerns the amount of incident wave energy that is reflected by the ripple patch. Linear perturbation theory is used to show that the reflection coefficient is both oscillatory in the quotient of the length of the patch and the surface wavelength, and also strongly dependent upon the quotient of the surface and bed wavelengths. In particular, there is a Bragg resonance between the surface waves and the ripples, which is associated with the reflection of incident wave energy. A secondary question concerns the nature of the wave field in the immediate vicinity of the ripple patch. In resonant cases, it is shown how the partially standing wave on the upwave side of the ripple patch gives way, in an almost linear manner over the patch itself, to a progressive transmitted wave on the downwave side. The theoretical predictions are compared with an extensive set of laboratory observations made in a wave tank. Comparisons relating both to the reflection coefficient, and also to the wave field over the ripple patch, are shown to give consistently good agreement. Finally, the implications of the results for sediment transport on an erodible bed are examined.
A calculation on the sliding of ice over a wavy surface using a Newtonian viscous approximation

A glacier slides over its irregular rock bed by a combination of regelation and plastic deformation (Weertman 1957). An exact calculation for this combined process is made possible by using a model in which the flow properties of the ice are simplified as Newtonian viscous, rather than obeying a more realistic nonlinear flow law. The bed is represented as a smooth plane on which there are perturbations of general three-dimensional form but small slope, and the ice is assumed to maintain contact with the bed everywhere. The first-order solution for the velocity field leads to an expression for the drag, which is a second-order effect. It is found that the velocities due to regelation and to viscous flow are additive only when the bed consists of a single sine wave. In the general case the total drag is a summation of the drags due to each of the Fourier components of the bed relief taken separately. The total drag is expressible in terms of a single average property of the bed relief, namely, the product of its mean square amplitude and its autocorrelation function, or, alternatively, its power spectrum. Numerical illustrations are given for a Gaussian autocorrelation function.
Simultaneous optimization of the sensor and actuator positions for an active noise and/or vibration control system using genetic algorithms, applied in a Dornier aircraft

Active noise control (ANC) became in the last decade a very popular technique for controlling low‐frequency noise. The increase in its popularity was a consequence of the rapid development in the fields of computers in general, and more specifically in digital signal processing boards. ANC systems are application specific and therefore they should be optimally designed for each application. Even though the physical background of the ANC systems is well‐known and understood, tools for the optimization of the sensor and actuator configurations of the ANC system based on classical optimization methods do not perform as required. This is due to the nature of the problem that allows the calculation of the effect of the ANC system only when the sensor and actuator configurations are specified. An additional difficulty in this problem is that the sensor and the actuator configurations cannot be optimized independently, since the effect of the ANC system is directly involved in the combined sensor and actuator configuration. For the solution of this problem several intelligent techniques were applied. In this paper the successful application of a genetic algorithm, an optimization technique that belongs to the broad class of evolutionary algorithms, is presented.
Viewpoint-Based Quality for Analyzing and Exploring 3D Multidimensional Projections

: While 2D projections are established tools for exploring high-dimensional data, the effectiveness of their 3D counterparts is still a matter of debate. In this work, we address this from a multifaceted quality perspective. We first propose a viewpoint-dependent definition of 3D projection quality and show how this captures the visual variability in 3D projections much better than aggregated, single-value, quality metrics. Next, we propose an interactive exploration tool for finding high-quality viewpoints for 3D projections. We use our tool in an user evaluation to gauge how our quality metric correlates with user-perceived quality for a cluster identification task. Our results show that our metric can predict well viewpoints deemed good by users and that our tool increases the users’ preference for 3D projections as compared to classical 2D projections.
Challenges to Cardiac Rehabilitation Post Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Qualitative Study in Pune

Background Adherence to cardiac rehabilitation (CR) regimen is crucial in the post-coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) period. Cardiac rehabilitation involves various lifestyle changes, including diet and exercise, regular follow-up in OPD, and implementing secondary prevention recommendations. This study aims to understand the challenges to CR post-CABG. Methodology Seven in-depth interviews using an interview guide were carried out in the outpatient section of the cardiothoracic vascular surgery (CTVS) department of a tertiary health care facility in Pune, India. A purposive sampling technique was followed. Results The qualitative study revealed that dietary restrictions were difficult to follow, that some patients could not quit smoking even after surgery, and that transportation costs were an issue regarding CR follow-up. The majority of the participants appreciated the importance of regular exercise in their post-surgery life. Conclusion Despite the hurdles, the majority of participants stated that the fact that CABG is a major treatment pushed them to attend routine CR follow-ups and adhere to the CR regimen. A solid CR team was one of the study's strengths, and the team established a routine of telephonic reminders for regular follow-up, which resulted in lower rates of loss to follow-up.
A Hierarchical Approach for Multilingual Speech Emotion Recognition

: This article approaches the Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) problem with the focus placed on multilingual settings. The proposed solution consists in a hierarchical scheme the first level of which identifies the speaker’s gender and the second level predicts the speaker’s emotional state. We elaborate with three classifiers of increased complexity, i.e. k -NN, transfer learning based on YAMNet and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory neural networks. Importantly, model learning, validation and testing consider the full range of the big-six emotions, while the dataset has been assembled using well-known SER datasets representing six different languages. The obtained results show differences in classifying all data against only female or male data with respect to all classifiers. Interestingly, a-priori genre recognition can boost the overall classification performance.
Time evolution, squeezing and entanglement for an optical frequency up-conversion with a driving term

By using the Lewis–Riesenfeld quantum invariant theory, an explicit analytical solution for the time evolution operator of the frequency up-conversion system with a driving term is obtained. It is then used to investigate mainly the influence of the driving term, frequency detuning, and the initial states on the quantum statistical properties of the output-coupled fields. It is found that the time evolution for the general up-conversion system can efficiently convert a low-frequency squeezed light into a high-frequency squeezed light, in the case of zero-detuning, but the squeezed effect of the output fields is independent of the driving term. It is also shown that there is an entanglement between the signal and idler output photons for the general up-conversion system.
Radar Detection of the Sea Breeze.

Abstract Radar and meteorological observations of four sea-breeze cases are presented. A clear-cut association between the echoes and the meteorological events is demonstrated. Where direct measurements are not available, the echo patterns are consistent with a rational physical picture of the sea breeze. Birds, insects, and other particulate matter are precluded by a combination of direct observation of the small pulse volume, by echo magnitude considerations, and by echo pattern. Scattering theory can account for the magnitude of the coherent layer echoes on the vertical beam, at the sea-breeze inversion with large but reasonable refractive-index gradients of 4 to 9 N units per cm or with vapor gradients of about 1 to 2 mb per cm. Incoherent echoes on the horizontal beam appear to come from vapor sheaths of large radius of curvature, with index gradients of similar magnitude, which are oriented parallel to the sea-breeze front. While this unusual result is supported by the streamer-form echo patterns an.
Assessing Security and Privacy Insights for Smart Home Users

: Recently, the number and range of Internet-connected devices have increased rapidly, especially due to adoption of the Internet of Things and smart home contexts. As a result, users can find themselves needing to be concerned with the security and privacy of an increasing range of devices. This paper explores the challenges that users can face in understanding and using the related features on their devices. The first element of the work is approached by assessing the user-facing materials (e.g., instruction manuals and online guidance) for a wide variety of smart home devices to determine the extent to which security and privacy aspects (and related features) are highlighted and explained. Having established that the situation is inconsistent, the work proceeds to assess the user experience in practice, by examining how easily a series of security and privacy-related tasks may be accomplished via three alternative smart speakers. The findings highlight further inconsistency and suggest that users could face considerable challenges keeping track of security settings and status of multiple devices across a smart home, and the need for information to be presented in a more coherent form.
A simple physical model for simulating turbulent imaging

We show how to simulate realistic turbulent imagery using only two scalar fields, from which we derive a Gaussian and non-isoplanatic Point-Spread Function (PSF). The first field controls mainly scintillation effects, while the second principally controls image displacements. The model is designed for weak turbulence and is based on the first-order Rytov theory for propagation through turbulence. We explain the physical principles behind the model and justify them using empirical evidence.
A ‘magnetic’ interatomic potential for molecular dynamics simulations

We develop a semi-empirical many-body interatomic potential suitable for large scale molecular dynamics simulations of magnetic α-iron. The functional form of the embedding part of the potential is derived using a combination of the Stoner and the Ginzburg–Landau models. We show that it is the symmetry broken solutions of the Ginzburg–Landau model describing spontaneous magnetization of atoms that provide the link between magnetism and interatomic forces. We discuss a range of potential applications of the new method.
Characterization and simulation of the first extensional mode of rectangular micro-plates in liquid media

This Letter reports on the characterization of the first extensional mode of AlN-actuated mid-point supported resonant microplates in liquid media. Devices of different dimensions were fabricated and both optical and electrical measurements were performed in order to identify the modal shape under study and determine its quality factor. The dependence of the quality factor on the plate dimensions is discussed based on analytical and finite element simulation results. A quality factor of 100 was achieved in water at 3.8 MHz, and the suitability of this kind of device to work under high viscous condition (up to 51 cP) was demonstrated.
Smoothed Normal Distribution Transform for Efficient Point Cloud Registration During Space Rendezvous

: Next to the iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm, the normal distribution transform (NDT) algorithm is becoming a second standard for 3D point cloud registration in mobile robotics. Both methods are effective, however they require a sufficiently good initialization to successfully converge. In particular, the discontinuities in the NDT cost function can lead to difficulties when performing the optimization. In addition, when the size of the point clouds increases, performing the registration in real-time becomes challenging. This work introduces a Gaussian smoothing technique of the NDT map, which can be done prior to the registration process. A kd-tree adaptation of the typical octree representation of NDT maps is also proposed. The performance of the modified smoothed NDT (S-NDT) algorithm for pairwise scan registration is assessed on two large-scale outdoor datasets, and compared to the performance of a state-of-the-art ICP implementation. S-NDT is around four times faster and as robust as ICP while reaching similar precision. The algorithm is thereafter applied to the problem of LiDAR tracking of a spacecraft in close-range in the context of space rendezvous, demonstrating the performance and applicability to real-time applications.
Perceptions on Telemedicine in Portugal During Sars-Cov-2 Pandemic: A Mixed-Methods Study

: This study aimed to investigate how patients and professionals faced telemedicine or telehealth in Centre Region in Portugal during the Sars-Cov-2 pandemic. Mixed-methods exploratory and parallel study including data from a survey of 190 healthcare patients and seven qualitative interviews with healthcare professionals from the Centre Region of Portugal were carried out. Descriptive and multiple correspondence analysis was used for survey results evaluation while healthcare professionals' perceptions were studied using a thematic analysis approach. Although few participants (15%) experienced telemedicine before the pandemic, most (73.2%) consider the health sector prepared to provide it. The most mentioned benefits of telemedicine were the avoidance of travel, convenience, and comfort for the patient. The limitations that may exist in this modality relate to patients who do not have the necessary technological devices, the lack of adequate diagnostic tools, and limitations to the patient-doctor relationship. Younger participants (<30y) were associated with characteristics of the telemedicine operating system, like the adequacy of diagnostic tools while persons more than 50 years old were associated with the lack of preparation or predisposition of professionals to provide telemedicine.
A Warning on the Use of Chi-Squared Statistics with Frequency Tables with Small Expected Cell Counts

Abstract When applied to frequency tables with small expected cell counts, Pearson chi-squared test statistics may be asymptotically inconsistent even in cases in which a satisfactory chi-squared approximation exists for the distribution under the null hypothesis. This problem is particularly important in cases in which the number of cells is large and the expected cell counts are quite variable. To illustrate this bias of the chi-squared test, this article considers the Pearson chi-squared test of the hypothesis that the cell probabilities for a multinomial frequency table have specified values. In this case, the expected value and variance of the Pearson chi-square may be evaluated under both the null and alternative hypotheses. When the number of cells is large, normal approximations and discrete Edgeworth expansions may also be used to assess the size and power of the Pearson chi-squared test. These analyses show that unless all cell probabilities are equal, it is possible to select a significance lev.
Qualitative analysis for a diffusive predator-prey model with hunting cooperation and Holling type \textrm{III}  functional response

The Spatio-temporal pattern induced by self-diffusion of a predator-prey model with Holling type III functional response that incorporates the hunting cooperation between predators has been investigated in this paper. For the local model without structure, stability of non-negative equilibria with or without collaborative hunting in predators is studied. For the Spatio-temporal model, we analyze the effect of hunting cooperation term on diffusion-driven Turing instability of the homogeneous positive equilibria. To get an idea about patterns formation near the Turing bifurcation, we derive and give a detailed study of the amplitude equation using the multiple-scale analysis. Our result shows that hunting cooperation plays a crucial role in determining the stability and the Turing bifurcation of the model, which is in sharp contrast to the case without cooperation in hunting. Furthermore, some numerical simulations are illustrated to visualize the complex dynamic behavior of the model.