Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring young voter engagement and journey mapping across political events

This interdisciplinary study aims to explore the lived experiences and engagement of young voters from a customer journey perspective. To achieve this, the present study investigates voter engagement journey with various political events (2015 UK General Election, 2016 UK-EU Referendum, 2017 UK General Election and future elections). The authors collected data via phenomenological in-depth interviews with young voters 18–24 years. The results show different engagement journeys and touchpoints. In particular, the findings reveal that (1) young voters were not apathetic of politics as long as they could identify the personal impact of political issues-policies (i.e., sticky customer journey); (2) the ‘voter journey’ is dynamic resulting in stronger engagement yet limited long-term party loyalty; and (3) voters used multiple touchpoints to engage with the political process combining media, voter-led research and interactions with personal networks and political stakeholders (online and off-line). This study puts forward the voter engagement and journey mapping framework which represents a mechanism for researchers and practitioners to gain access into the hidden world of the voter journey and periodically explore levels of engagement across political events. To our knowledge, this is the first study examining customer journeys in a political context and provides insights for political campaign managers to effectively improve voters’ engagement.
Erratum: The Ortho-to-Para Ratio and the Chemical Properties of C$_{3}$ H$_{2}$ in Dark Cloud Cores

We have observed cyclic C 3 H 2 ( J K a K c =2 12 –1 01 , 2 02 –1 11 , 3 12 –3 03 ) lines at the 3 mm wavelength region toward the starless TMC-1C cloud and the protostellar core of L 1527 with the 45 m telescope at Nobeyama Radio Observatory. In both clouds, the 2 12 –1 01 and 2 02 –1 11 lines are strongly detected, while the 3 12 –3 03 line is only detected toward the center of the protostellar core L 1527. From our statistical equilibrium analyses of the ortho-C 3 H 2 (2 12 –1 01 ) and the para-C 3 H 2 (2 02 –1 11 ) lines, the ortho-to-para ratios of C 3 H 2 are determined to be 2 . 4 ± 0 . 1 and 2 . 5 ± 0 . 5 in TMC-1C and L 1527, respectively. These values are lower than the statistical value of 3, although the error of the ratio in L 1527 is large. Since thermal equilibrium with a dust temperature of 10 K still gives a ratio of 3 in c-C 3 H 2 , this result should suggest the lower ortho-to-para ratio of the precursor molecule, c-C 3 H +3 , which is thought to be mainly produced by C 3 H + + H 2 . Thus, we conclude that the lower ortho-to-para ratio of c-C 3 H 2 is due to a lower ortho-to-para ratio of H 2 than the statistical value.
Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Capacity of Bacteria Isolated from Stingless Bee (Scaptotrigona aff. postica) Honey Cultivated in Açai (Euterpe oleracea) Monoculture

Many antimicrobial compounds have been seeking to protect the human body against pathogenic microbial infections. In recent times, there has been considerable growth of pathogens resistant to existing drugs due to the inappropriate use of antibiotics. In the present study, bacteria isolated from the honey of stingless bees native to the Amazon called Scaptotrigona aff. postica and Apis mellifera were used to determine their potential antimicrobial properties and characterize the medium cultivated with isolated bacteria. The results showed inhibition of nine isolates. Among these isolates, SCA12, SCA13, and SCA15 showed inhibitory activity similar to that of vancomycin, which was used as a positive control. The SCA13 strain obtained the best results with antimicrobial extract against the tested pathogens; the species was identified as Enterococcus faecalis, and its lyophilized extract was characterized by temperature, pH, and trypsin, in which they showed antimicrobial activity. This work shows that bacteria isolated from the stingless bee honey, Scaptotrigona aff. postica, have the potential to produce antimicrobial substances.
Short-time wind speed prediction based on Legendre multi-wavelet neural network

As one of the most widespread renewable energy sources, wind energy is now an important part of the power system. Accurate and appropriate wind speed forecasting has an essential impact on wind energy utilisation. However, due to the stochastic and uncertain nature of wind energy, more accurate forecasting is necessary for its more stable and safer utilisation. This paper proposes a Legendre multiwavelet ‐ based neural network model for non ‐ linear wind speed prediction. It combines the excellent properties of Legendre multi ‐ wavelets with the self ‐ learning capability of neural networks, which has rigorous mathematical theory support. It learns input ‐ output data pairs and shares weights within divided subintervals, which can greatly reduce computing costs. We explore the effectiveness of Legendre multi ‐ wavelets as an activation function. Mean-while, it is successfully being applied to wind speed prediction. In addition, the application of Legendre multi ‐ wavelet neural networks in a hybrid model in decomposition ‐ reconstruction mode to wind speed prediction problems is also discussed. Numerical results on real data sets show that the proposed model is able to achieve optimal performance and high prediction accuracy. In particular, the model shows a more stable performance in multi ‐ step prediction, illustrating its superiority.
Investigating the high time-resolution statistics of pulsar radio signals using spectral self-noise

While observations of the stationary component of pulsar radio signals have in many ways formed the basis of our understanding of radio pulsars, the statistical deviations of these signals contain information which has become increasingly relevant. Using high time-frequency resolution data from the MeerKAT telescope we study the self-noise of the autocorrelation function of six radio pulsars. The self-noise of the autocorrelation function is used to investigate the statistics of the observed radio signals on nanosecond time-scales and for five pulsars it is found to deviate from the expected form for a Gaussian process. Comparing the measured distribution of the intensity fluctuations of the on-pulse window to simulated models, we find that a mixture model comprising a Gaussian process and a Bernoulli-sampled Gaussian process is able to produce the excess self-noise while also producing the observed distribution of intensities. The parameters of the mixture model describing the signals are estimated for three of the pulsars in our sample group. Studies of the statistics presented in this work provide observational information for constraining the numerous theories of pulsar radio emission mechanisms. The mixture model suggested in this work would produce excess timing residuals for high signal-to-noise ratio observations when compared to that expected for a Gaussian process. Additionally, the measure of spectral self-noise provides a means of separating Gaussian and non-Gaussian processes which provides a potential basis for the development of alternative pulsar detection algorithms.
White Dwarfs in Cataclysmic Variables

Prior to the last 15 years, the literature on cataclysmic variables (CVs) contained little on the properties of the underlying white dwarf accreter other than estimates of their masses. They were regarded simply as nondescript potential wells for studies of accretion disk structure and stability. Estimates of their masses and associated core compositions were discussed, but only in the context of thermonuclear runaway theory. With the advent of space spectroscopy, especially HST, IUE, EUVE, and HUT, direct spectroscopic observations of exposed white dwarfs in CVs were carried out during dwarf nova quiescence or low brightness states of nova‐like variables and magnetic CVs when accretion rates were very low. This review covers new insights and physical properties of white dwarfs in nonmagnetic and magnetic CVs, including surface temperatures, heating and cooling measurements, rotational velocities, CV white dwarf masses (including Einstein redshift masses), photospheric chemical abundances (including composition relics of ancient novae), accretion belts, the physics of accretion heating, and long‐term CV evolution. For an ensemble of 37 CV degenerates with secure temperatures, the average Teff=20,800 K, for nonmagnetic CV degenerates Teff=24,100 K, and for magnetic CV degenerates Teff=16,400 K. The lowest Teff values are associated with magnetic CVs and with systems whose orbital periods are less than 2 hr. Thermal e‐folding times of the white dwarf envelope in response to accretion heating are in the range 6–600 days, photospheric chemical abundances range from moderately subsolar to greatly above solar, and rotational velocities lie within the range 50 km s−1<Vsin i<1200 km s−1. If pre‐CV white dwarfs had time to cool to 10-3L⊙ prior to the onset of Roche lobe overflow, then their average lower limit lifetime is 2.5 × 108 yr, and they have been accretion heated to an average luminosity log (L/L⊙) = 1.90 or, on average, by ∼11,000 K since the end of their pre‐CV evolution phase.
Adiabatic charged‐particle motion

The adiabatic theory of charged-particle motion is developed systematically in this review. We present the essentials of the theory without giving all the analysis in detail. The general expressions for guiding-center motion and particle energy change are given, with application to the Van Allen radiation and to Fermi acceleration. It is shown that Fermi acceleration and betatron acceleration should not be regarded as distinct processes. Modifications of the nonrelativistic theory that are necessary when the particle is relativistic are discussed. Proofs are given of the invariance to lowest order of the first and second adiabatic invariants for the case of static fields. Finally, applications are made to the theory of plasmas.
Cogrowth series of free products of finite and free groups

Let A={a1,…,an,a1−1,…,an−1} and iteration of A denoted by A[starf ] to be the set of words in A (including the empty word). Let S⊆A[starf ]; then the growth function of the set S is the function Γ(l)=number of words in S of length l. For m≤n let $\vec {a}$=(ai1,…,aim), where ik∈{1,…,n} are different; then the relative growth function with respect to $\vec {a}$ is the function Γ$\vec {a}$(l,l1,…,lm)=number of words in S of length l+l1+…+lm having (for each k) lk total occurrences of aik and aik−1.
THE ANALYSIS OF COAXIALLY FED MICROSTRIP ANTENNAS WITH ELECTRICALLY THICK SUBSTRATES

Abstract The analysis of a microstrip patch antenna with an electrically thick substrate is performed using a mixed potential integral equation. Basis functions are employed on the coaxial probe thus eliminating the often used thin substrate approximations. There is no theoretical limit to the thickness of the structures that can be analyzed. A special attachment mode, employed at the coaxial probe-antenna junction, is introduced. Measured and calculated input impedance results for isolated rectangular microstrip antennas are compared.
The viscous flow on surfaces with longitudinal ribs

The viscous sublayer of a turbulent boundary layer on a surface with fine longitudinal ribs (riblets) is investigated theoretically. The mean flow constituent of this viscous flow is considered. Using conformal mapping, the velocity distributions on various surface configurations are calculated. The geometries that were investigated include sawtooth profiles with triangular and trapezoidal grooves as well as profiles with thin blade-shaped ribs, ribs with rounded edges and ribs having sharp ridges and U-shaped grooves. (This latter riblet configuration is also found on the tiny scales of fast sharks.) Our calculations enable us to determine the location of the origin of the velocity profile that lies somewhat below the tips of the ridges. The distance between this origin and the tip of the ridge we call ‘protrusion height’. The upper limit for the protrusion height is found to be 22% of the lateral rib spacing; the coefficient 0.22 being the value of the expression π−1 In 2. This limit is valid for two-dimensional riblet geometries. Analogous experiments with an electrolytic tank are carried out as an additional check on the theoretical calculations. This is also an easy way to determine experimentally the location of the origin of the velocity profile for arbitrary new riblet geometries. A possible connection between protrusion height and drag reduction in a turbulent boundary layer flow is discussed. Finally, the present theory also produces an orthogonal grid pattern above riblet surfaces which may be utilized in future numerical calculations of the whole turbulent boundary layer.
Square-root second-order extended Kalman filter and its application in target motion analysis

In this study, a new non-linear filter based on second-order extended Kalman technology and square-root Kalman algorithm is proposed and applied to the problem of target motion analysis (TMA). By orthogonalising the state vectors with the square root of covariance matrix, the authors reduce the computational complexity in the second-order extended Kalman algorithm, and then we deduce a second-order extended Kalman algorithm based on square-root Kalman technology, which is more numerically stable and can guarantee positive and semi-definiteness of the state covariance. The authors apply the new algorithm to a TMA problem, and prove with both numerical simulation and actual experimentation that their algorithm performs well in the significant non-linear systems.
The AMOEBA switch: an optoelectronic switch for multiprocessor networking using dense-WDM

We present a single-chip asynchronous multiprocessor optoelectronic bit-sliced arrayed (AMOEBA) crossbar switch. The AMOEBA switch addresses the challenge to produce a large-scale, nonblocking packet switch through dense integration of photonic devices directly onto silicon VLSI circuits. Optoelectronic-VLSI technology is used to integrate the switch fabric, routing controller, packet buffers, line interface circuits, and optoelectronic conversion devices on a single chip. We show how free-space optical interconnects and wavelength-and-space-division-multiplex networking on single-mode fibers can provide switched interconnection between multiple nodes in a distributed computing environment. An optomechanical transceiver package accomplishes the free-space-to-fiber interfacing. We report the implementation and testing of the key components of a 16-channel AMOEBA prototype switch with a potential capacity of 12.8 Gb/s (or 800 Mb/s/channel), and capable of switching 16 million packets per second.
Evaluating the Influence of Antecedent Soil Moisture on Variability of the North American Monsoon Precipitation in the Coupled MM5/VIC Modeling System

The influence of antecedent soil moisture on North American monsoon system (NAMS) precipitation variability was explored using the MM5 mesoscale model coupled with the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) land surface model. Sensitivity experiments were performed with extreme wet and dry initial soil moisture conditions for both the 1984 wet monsoon year and the 1989 dry year. The MM5‐VIC model reproduced the key features of NAMS in 1984 and 1989 especially over northwestern Mexico. Our modeling results indicate that the land surface has memory of the initial soil wetness prescribed at the onset of the monsoon that persists over most of the region well into the monsoon season (e.g. until August). However, in contrast to the classical thermal contrast concept, where wetter soils lead to cooler surface temperatures, less land‐sea thermal contrast, weaker monsoon circulations and less precipitation, the coupled model consistently demonstrated a positive soil moisture – precipitation feedback. Specifically, anomalously wet pre‐monsoon soil moisture always lead to enhanced monsoon precipitation, and the reverse was also true. Both the large‐scale circulation change and local land‐atmospheric interactions in response to pre‐monsoon soil moisture anomalies play important roles in the coupled model's positive soil moisture – monsoon precipitation feedback. However, the former may be sensitive to the strength and location of the thermal anomalies, thus leaving open the possibility of both positive and negative soil moisture – precipitation feedbacks. Furthermore, our use of a regional model with prescribed large‐scale circulation at the model boundaries leaves open the possibility that the model behavior may, to some extent, reflect its limited ability to adjust its large‐scale circulation to the regional thermal changes.
Construction of shape functions for the h‐ and p‐versions of the FEM using tensorial product

This paper presents an uniform and unified approach to construct h‐ and p‐shape functions for quadrilaterals, triangles, hexahedral and tetrahedral based on the tensorial product of one‐dimensional Lagrange and Jacobi polynomials. The approach uses indices to denote the one‐dimensional polynomials in each tensorization direction. The appropriate manipulation of the indices allows to obtain hierarchical or non‐hierarchical and inter‐element C0 continuous or non‐continuous bases. For the one‐dimensional elements, quadrilaterals, triangles and hexahedral, the optimal weights of the Jacobi polynomials are determined, the sparsity profiles of the local mass and stiffness matrices plotted and the condition numbers calculated. A brief discussion of the use of sum factorization and computational implementation is considered. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The electrical properties of stacking faults and precipitates in heat‐treated dislocation‐free Czochralski silicon

We have studied the electrical properties of dislocations, stacking faults, and precipitates produced during 1200 °C aging of crucible‐grown silicon. The defects were examined by SEM in the charge collection mode, at temperatures from 77 to 300 °K. Undecorated Frank extrinsic stacking faults exhibit defect energy levels in the upper half of the gap (∼Ec−0.1 eV). The partial dislocations bounding these faults possess energy levels lower than Ec−0.3 eV. Finally, precipitates are observed to act as microplasma sites at low (T<300 °K) temperatures.
A Novel Filtering Algorithm Based on Least Square Support Vector

In this paper, we proposed a novel filtering algorithm that using the Ricker wavelet kernel to reduce the noise. The algorithm based on Support vector machine (SVM) which is a machine learning method on the base of statistical learning theory. Those parameters of the new algorithm affect the rising edge, the band width and central frequency of passband. The experimental results of synthetic seismic data show that the filter with the Ricker wavelet kernel works better than other methods．
Robust M‐estimators of multivariate location and scatter in the presence of asymmetry

Robust estimation of location vectors and scatter matrices is studied under the assumption that the unknown error distribution is spherically symmetric in a central region and completely unknown in the tail region. A precise formulation of the model is given, an analysis of the identifiable parameters in the model is presented, and consistent initial estimators of the identifiable parameters are constructed. Consistent and asymptotically normal M-estimators are constructed (solved iteratively beginning with the initial estimates) based on “influence functions” which vanish outside specified compact sets. Finally M-estimators which are asymptotically minimax (in the sense of Huber) are derived. Cet article concerne l'estimation robuste de parametres de position et de matrices de dispersion dans les situations ou la loi des erreurs est totalement inconnue sauf pour la presence d'une symetrie spherique a l'interieur d'une region centrale. On formule le modele de faon precise et on en analyse les parametres identifiables pour lesquels on construit des estimateurs initiaux convergents. A partir de ces estimations initiales, un processus iteratif nous permet de deduire des M-estimateurs convergents et asymptotiquement normaux. Ceux-ci sont fondes sur des “fonctions d'influence” qui s'annulent en dehors de certains ensembles compacts. Enfin, on obtient des M-estimateurs qui sont asymptotiquement minimax au sens de Huber.
A survey of dayside flux transfer events observed by ISEE 1 and 2 magnetometers

A survey is made of magnetic flux transfer events (FTE's) observed both exterior and interior to the dayside magnetopause region by the ISEE 1 and 2 spacecraft during the first two years of operation. FTE's are found to be a common feature of the magnetopause region covered by the spacecraft when the magnetic field in the magnetosheath has a southward component but not when it is northward. The most commonly observed signature of an FTE in the field component normal to the magnetopause is an outward (positive) followed by an inward (negative) bipolar perturbation and is usually seen at northern latitudes. A reversed normal component signature is seen most frequently at low or southerly latitudes. Only very rarely are both signatures seen on the same pass. On occasion, FTE's are observed with a more complex normal field signature. During periods of southward magnetosheath field the average number (˜5) and recurrence time (˜8 min) of FTE signatures observed per magnetopause crossing in the magnetosheath is similar to the average number (˜4) and recurrence time (˜7 min) of FTE signatures observed interior to the magnetopause. We conclude that the magnetosheath and magnetosphere FTE's are part of the same physical phenomenon. The dimension of FTE flux tubes normal to and along the magnetopause is estimated as ˜1 RE and ˜2 RE, respectively. We derive a lower limit of ˜6 kV for the voltage associated with FTE magnetic flux removal during southward field conditions. However we argue that this value actually may be up to an order of magnitude larger. Thus FTE's could provide the dominant means of flux transfer required to drive geomagnetic disturbances.
Atorvastatin prevents endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis via the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in TBI mice

ABSTRACT Background Our present study evaluated the neuroprotection effects of atorvastatin by inhibiting TBI-induced ER stress, as well as the potential role of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in experimental TBI. Methods First, the mice were divided into four groups:sham, TBI, TBI+Vehicle and TBI+atorvastatin groups. The mice received atorvastatin (10 mg/kg/day) through intragastric gavage once a day for 3 days before TBI. In addition, Nrf2 WT and Nrf2 knockout mice were randomly divided into four groups: Nrf2+/+ TBI, Nrf2+/+ TBI+atorvastatin, Nrf2-/- TBI, and Nrf2-/- TBI+atorvastatin groups. Several neurobehavioral parameters were assessed post-TBI using mNSS, brain edema and the rotarod test, and the brain was isolated for molecular and biochemical analysis conducted through TUNEL staining and western blotting. Results The results showed that atorvastatin treatment significantly improved neurological deficits, alleviated brain edema, and apoptosis caused by TBI. Western blotting analysis showed that atorvastatin significantly suppressed ER stress and its related apoptotic pathway after TBI, which may be associated with the further activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. However, compared with the Nrf2+/+ TBI+Vehicle group, Nrf2 deficiency further aggravated neurological deficits and promoted ER stress-mediated apoptosis induced by TBI. Interestingly, atorvastatin failed to improve neurological deficits but reversed apoptosis, and the loss of the beneficial properties of anti-ER stress in the Nrf2-/- TBI mice. Conclusions The results indicated that atorvastatin improves the neurologic functions and protects the brain from injury in the Nrf2+/+ TBI mice, primarily by counteracting ER stress-mediated apoptosis, which may be achieved through the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.