Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Beyond lockdowns: a systematic review of the impacts of COVID-19 lockdowns on dietary pattern, physical activity, body weight, and food security

Abstract Context COVID-19 lockdowns may have impacted dietary patterns and nutritional outcomes in many populations. Objective The aim of this review was to evaluate the impacts of COVID-19 lockdowns on nutritional patterns, investigating behaviors in the periods before, during, and after lockdowns. Data Source This systematic review followed the PRISMA-P methodology. The articles included were identified by searching the key words in Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. The key words used in the search included: “COVID19” AND “diet*”, “coronavirus” AND “diet*”, “coronavirus 2” AND “diet*”, “COVID19” AND “nutri*”, “coronavirus” AND “nutri*”, “coronavirus 2” AND “nutri*”, “COVID19” AND “food”. Data Extraction Twenty-two original studies were included in this review. Data extraction tables were created for recording author names, year of publication, location of study, duration, lockdown phase, design, methods, aims, number of participants, age, gender, health status, education, socioeconomic status, dietary patterns, food security, physical activity, body weight change or body mass index, and associations with sociodemographic characteristics. Data Analysis Impacts of lockdowns on eating patterns, physical activity, body weight or body mass index, and food security were the primary outcomes investigated. Secondary outcomes investigated were associations with sociodemographic characteristics. Conclusion COVID-19 lockdowns were associated with significant changes in dietary and lifestyle behaviors of worldwide populations. Impacts were seen during and post-lockdown likely due to more time spent at home, working from home, decreased food availability and accessibility, and augmented stress associated with lockdown.
Draft Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas sp. Strain MWU13-3659, Isolated from Commercial Cranberry Bog Soil in Massachusetts, USA

Pseudomonas sp. strain MWU13-3659 was isolated from cultivated cranberry bog soil in Massachusetts, USA. Its closest known relative is Pseudomonas entomophila (digital DNA-DNA hybridization [d4 formula] value of 57.2% and average nucleotide identity based on BLAST value of 93.90), and its genome contains putative gene clusters for the production of polyketides, siderophores, and cyclic lipopeptides that have insecticidal activity in other proteobacteria. ABSTRACT Pseudomonas sp. strain MWU13-3659 was isolated from cultivated cranberry bog soil in Massachusetts, USA. Its closest known relative is Pseudomonas entomophila (digital DNA-DNA hybridization [d4 formula] value of 57.2% and average nucleotide identity based on BLAST value of 93.90), and its genome contains putative gene clusters for the production of polyketides, siderophores, and cyclic lipopeptides that have insecticidal activity in other proteobacteria.
Birth trauma in preterm spontaneous vaginal and cesarean section deliveries: A 10-years retrospective study

Objective We compared birth injuries for spontaneous vaginal (VD) and caesarean section (CS) deliveries in preterm and term pregnancies. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted in a single tertiary center, between January 1st, 2007, and December 31st, 2017. The study included 62330 singleton pregnancies delivered after 24 0/7 weeks gestation. Multivariable analyses compared trauma at birth, birth hypoxia and birth asphyxia in term and preterm deliveries, stratified by mode of birth, VD versus CS. Main outcome measure was trauma at birth including intracranial laceration and haemorrhage, injuries to scalp, injuries to central and peripheral nervous system, fractures to skeleton, facial and eye injury. Results The incidence of preterm deliveries was 10.9%. Delivery of preterm babies by CS increased from 37.0% in 2007 to 60.0% in 2017. The overall incidence of all birth trauma was 16.2%. When stratified by mode of delivery, birth trauma was recorded in 23.4% of spontaneous vaginal deliveries and 7.5% of CS deliveries (aOR 3.3, 95%CI 3.1–3.5). When considered all types of birth trauma, incidence of trauma at birth was higher after 28 weeks gestation in VD compared to CS (28–31 weeks, aOR 1.7, 95% CI 1.3–2.3; 32–36 weeks, aOR 4.2, 95% CI 3.6–4.9; >37 weeks, aOR 3.3, 95% CI 3.1–3.5). There was no difference in the incidence of birth trauma before 28 weeks gestation between VD and CS (aOR 0.8, 95% CI 0.5–1.2). Regarding overall life-threatening birth trauma or injuries at birth with severe consequences such as cerebral and intraventricular haemorrhage, cranial and brachial nerve injury, fractures of long bones and clavicle, eye and facial injury, there was no difference in vaginal preterm deliveries compared to CS deliveries (p > 0.05 for all). Conclusion CS is not protective of injury at birth. When all types of birth trauma are considered, these are more common in spontaneous VD, thus favoring CS as preferred method of delivery to avoid trauma at birth. However, when stratified by severity of birth trauma, preterm babies delivered vaginally are not at higher risk of major birth trauma than those delivered by CS.
Degeneration of biological heart valve grafts in a rat model of superoxide dismutase‐3 deficiency

While oxidative stress is known as key element in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and calcific aortic valve disease, its role in the degeneration of biological cardiovascular grafts has not been clarified yet. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the impact of oxidative stress on the degeneration of biological cardiovascular allografts in a standardized chronic implantation model realized in rats exhibiting superoxide dismutase 3 deficiency (SOD3(−)). Rats with SOD3 loss‐of‐function mutation (n = 24) underwent infrarenal implantation of cryopreserved valved aortic conduits, while SOD3‐competent recipients served as controls (n = 28). After a follow‐up period of 4 or 12 weeks, comparative analyses addressed degenerative processes, hemodynamics, and evaluation of the oxidative stress model. SOD3(−) rats presented decreased circulating SOD activity (p = .0079). After 12 weeks, 58% of the implant valves in SOD3(−) rats showed regurgitation (vs. 31% in controls, p = .2377). Intima hyperplasia and chondro‐osteogenic transformation contributed to progressive graft calcification (p = .0024). At 12 weeks, hydroxyapatite deposition (p = .0198) and the gene expression of runt‐related transcription factor‐2 (Runx2) (p = .0093) were significantly enhanced in group SOD3(−). This study provides the first in vivo evidence that impaired systemic antioxidant activity contributes to biological cardiovascular graft degeneration.
An Overview of the SPACE Mission Proposal

SPACE (SPectroscopic All-sky Cosmic Explorer) is a class-M mission proposed to ESA for the Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 call and recently promoted to the next assessment study phase. SPACE will produce the first all-sky spectroscopic survey of the Universe, taking spectra of more than 500 million galaxies over a wide range of redshifts. SPACE will operate in slit mode (MEMS) at R~400 between 0.8 and 1.8micron down to AB~23, providing redshifts to an accuracy of Delta z~0.001, regardless on the presence of bright emission lines, together with the most relevant physical and evolutionary properties. The catalog of spectroscopic redshift will allow to place the ultimate constraints on the Baryon Acoustic Oscillations and the nature of Dark Energy. By obtaining the first 3-D all-sky map of the Universe at z~2 and beyond, SPACE will trace the growth rate of cosmic structures, the large scale structure of luminous baryons and its cosmic evolution. Besides the all-sky survey, SPACE will carry out a deep extragalactic survey over an area of ~10 sq. deg. , enabling a most powerful supernova search program, and a galactic plane survey in integral field mode. Approximately 30% of the time will be open. Due to its versatility, SPACE is a ``self-sufficient'' observatory which can attack and solve the most compelling questions on the nature of the Dark Energy without complementary data from the Earth or space. Its unique wide-field capabilities in the near-IR make SPACE the ideal complement to JWST, ALMA, and the future 25-50 m telescopes.
The Gut and Kidney Crosstalk in Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy

Immunoglobulin A nephropathy(IgAN) is the most common primary glomerulonephritis worldwide. The working model for the pathogenesis of IgAN involves a multistep process starting from the production of galactose-deficient and polymeric immunoglobulin A-1 (gd-IgA1) that enters systemic circulation from gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). Galactose-deficient IgA are targeted by endogenous IgG, leading to the formation of circulating immune complexes that deposit in the mesangium and resulting in glomerular inflammation. Disease onset and relapses are often associated with gut infections, supporting the hypothesis that the gut plays an important pathogenic role. In the presence of microbial pathogens or food antigens, activated dendritic cells in the gut mucosa induce T cell dependent and independent B cell differentiation into IgA secreting plasma cells. In IgAN patients, this promotes the systemic release of mucosal gd-IgA1. Not all bacterial strains have the same capacity to elicit IgA production, and little is known about the antigen specificity of the pathogenic gd-IgA1. However, efficacy of treatments targeting gut inflammation support a pathogenic link between the bowel immune system and IgAN. Herein, we review the evidence supporting the role of gut inflammation in IgAN pathogenesis.
Comparison of nucleocapsid and spike antibody ELISAs for determining SARS‐CoV‐2 seropositivity in Kenyan women and infants

A multitude of enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) has been developed to detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) antibodies since the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic started in late 2019. Assessing the reliability of these assays in diverse global populations is critical. This study compares the use of the commercially available Platelia Total Ab Assay (Bio‐Rad) nucleocapsid ELISA to the widely used Mount Sinai spike IgG ELISA in a Kenyan population seroprevalence study. Using longitudinal plasma specimens collected from a mother–infant cohort living in Nairobi, Kenya between May 2019 and December 2020, this study demonstrates that the two assays have a high qualitative agreement (92.7%) and strong correlation of antibody levels (R2 = 0.973) in repeated measures. Within this cohort, seroprevalence detected by either ELISA closely resembled previously published seroprevalence estimates for Kenya during the sampling period and no significant difference in the incidence of SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody detection by either assay was observed. Assay comparability was not affected by HIV exposure status. These data support the use of the Platelia SARS‐CoV‐2 Total Ab ELISA as a suitable high‐throughput method for seroprevalence studies in Kenya.
LETTER TO THE EDITOR: Differential projectile energy loss in multiply ionizing collisions

The momentum vectors of the recoil ion and up to three electrons were measured in coincidence with the projectiles which did not change charge state for 3.6 MeV amu-1 Au53+ Ne collisions. New techniques were applied to obtain differential energy-loss spectra for multiple-target ionization as a function of the recoil-ion charge state. A resolution unprecedented for this energy regime was achieved. The data are in good agreement with a classical trajectory Monte Carlo calculation. Our studies represent a first step for a method of modelling stopping powers on a microscopic level and are relevant for plasma applications.
Nurses and COVID‐19 response in Botswana

Abstract Introduction The advent of the COVID‐19 pandemic necessitated the Botswana Presidential Task Force, in collaboration with the Ministry of Health and Wellness (MoHW), to devise strategies to utilize the already overburdened health personnel to combat the spread of the coronavirus. This descriptive case study aimed to describe nurses' role during COVID‐19 in Botswana. Design and methods A case study analysis was used to describe nurses' roles during COVID‐19. Data were collected through observing events in various health facilities and various media platforms that described how nurses had to position themselves to combat the pandemic. Content analysis was done by coding and developing categories that put like content together and generate thematic areas. Results Nurses from different sectors were redeployed to assist in setting up different units at the COVID‐19 makeshift hospital, taking away from the already understaffed section of health care workers resulting in the overburden and work overload. Furthermore, nurses continued with their regular day‐to‐day nursing care duties in various healthcare settings, albeit under a severe shortage due to the national response to COVID‐19. Conclusion Adaptations and experiential strategies enabled the distribution of the nursing workforce to cover all locations to curb the spread of COVID‐19 despite the challenges encountered. Recommendations and lessons learned on how to prepare for future pandemics are also discussed. Clinical relevance Due to their large numbers, nurses formed the backbone of the Botswana COVID‐19 response strategy. Therefore, policy‐makers should be responsive to the nurses' perspectives when developing strategic policies on how to deal with pandemics based on their experiences.
Gender-Affirming Mastectomy Trends and Surgical Outcomes in Adolescents

Background There are more than 150,000 transgender adolescents in the United States, yet research on outcomes after gender-affirming mastectomy in this age group is limited. We evaluated gender-affirming mastectomy incidence and postoperative complications, including regret, in adolescents within our integrated health care system. Methods Gender-affirming mastectomies performed from January 1, 2013, to July 31, 2020, in adolescents 12 to 17 years of age at the time of referral were identified. The incidence of gender-affirming mastectomy was calculated by dividing the number of patients undergoing these procedures by the number of adolescents assigned female at birth aged 12 to 17 years within our system at the beginning of each year and amount of follow-up time within that year. Demographic information, clinical characteristics (comorbidities, mental health history, testosterone use), surgical technique, and complications, including mention of regret, of patients who underwent surgery were summarized. Patients with and without complications were compared to evaluate for differences in demographic or clinical characteristics using χ2 tests. Results The incidence of gender-affirming mastectomy increased 13-fold (3.7–47.7 per 100,000 person-years) during the study period. Of the 209 patients who underwent surgery, the median age at referral was 16 years (range, 12–17 years) and the most common technique was double incision (85%). For patients with greater than 1-year follow-up (n = 137; 65.6%), at least one complication was found in 7.3% (n = 10), which included hematoma (3.6%), infection (2.9%), hypertrophic scars requiring steroid injection (2.9%), seroma (0.7%), and suture granuloma (0.7%); 10.9% underwent revision (n = 15). There were no statistically significant differences in patient demographics and clinical characteristics between those with and without complications (P > 0.05). Two patients (0.95%) had documented postoperative regret, but neither underwent reversal surgery at follow-up of 3 and 7 years postoperatively. Conclusions Between 2013 and 2020, we observed a marked increase in gender-affirming mastectomies in adolescents. The prevalence of surgical complications was low, and of more than 200 adolescents who underwent surgery, only 2 expressed regret, neither of which underwent a reversal operation. Our study provides useful and positive guidance for adolescent patients, their families, and providers regarding favorable outcomes with gender-affirming mastectomy.
Revolutionizing cardiovascular medicine: targeted therapies for the cardiac conduction system

Arrhythmogenic cardiovascular disorders are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Whether cardiac conduction disease is caused by genetic defects, procedural perturbations, valvular disease, ischemia, aging, or heart failure, new therapies are warranted. In this issue of the JCI, Goodyer et al. used state-of-the-art technologies to image the cardiac conduction system (CCS) in real time and to deliver targeted therapies to the CCS and its subcomponents. These findings advance the ability to image and treat specific lineages within the adult heart with the potential for broader applications in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Cerebello‐cerebral resting‐state functional connectivity in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive motor and nonmotor deficits concomitant with degenerative pathophysiological changes within the cerebellum. The cerebellum is topographically organized into cerebello‐cerebral circuits that create distinct functional networks regulating movement, cognition, and affect. SCA3‐associated motor and nonmotor symptoms are possibly related not only to intracerebellar changes but also to disruption of the connectivity within these cerebello‐cerebral circuits. However, to date, no comprehensive investigation of cerebello‐cerebral connectivity in SCA3 has been conducted. The present study aimed to identify cerebello‐cerebral functional connectivity alterations and associations with downstream clinical phenotypes and upstream topographic markers of cerebellar neurodegeneration in patients with SCA3. This study included 45 patients with SCA3 and 49 healthy controls. Voxel‐based morphometry and resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed to characterize the cerebellar atrophy and to examine the cerebello‐cerebral functional connectivity patterns. Structural MRI confirmed widespread gray matter atrophy in the motor and cognitive cerebellum of patients with SCA3. We found reduced functional connectivity between the cerebellum and the cerebral cortical networks, including the somatomotor, frontoparietal, and default networks; however, increased connectivity was observed between the cerebellum and the dorsal attention network. These abnormal patterns correlated with the CAG repeat expansion and deficits in global cognition. Our results indicate the contribution of cerebello‐cerebral networks to the motor and cognitive impairments in patients with SCA3 and reveal that such alterations occur in association with cerebellar atrophy. These findings add important insights into our understanding of the role of the cerebellum in SCA3.
Fluid Dynamics and Entropic Gravity

A new entropic gravity inspired derivation of general relativity from thermodynamics is presented. This generalizes, within Einstein gravity, the "Thermodynamics of Spacetime" approach by T. Jacobson, which relies on the Raychaudhuri evolution equation. Here the rest of the first law of thermodynamics is incorporated by using the Damour-Navier-Stokes equation, known from the membrane paradigm for describing fluid dynamics on the horizon.
ZFIRE: A KECK/MOSFIRE SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY OF GALAXIES IN RICH ENVIRONMENTS AT z ∼ 2

We present an overview and the first data release of ZFIRE, a spectroscopic redshift survey of star-forming galaxies that utilizes the MOSFIRE instrument on Keck-I to study galaxy properties in rich environments at 1.5 < z < 2.5. ZFIRE measures accurate spectroscopic redshifts and basic galaxy properties derived from multiple emission lines. The galaxies are selected from a stellar mass limited sample based on deep near infrared imaging ( ) and precise photometric redshifts from the ZFOURGE and UKIDSS surveys as well as grism redshifts from 3DHST. Between 2013 and 2015, ZFIRE has observed the COSMOS and UDS legacy fields over 13 nights and has obtained 211 galaxy redshifts over 1.57 < z < 2.66 from a combination of nebular emission lines (such as Hα, [N ii], Hβ, [O ii], [O iii], and [S ii]) observed at 1–2 μm. Based on our medium-band near infrared photometry, we are able to spectrophotometrically flux calibrate our spectra to ∼10% accuracy. ZFIRE reaches 5σ emission line flux limits of ∼3 × 10−18 erg s−1 cm−2 with a resolving power of R = 3500 and reaches masses down to ∼109 M⊙. We confirm that the primary input survey, ZFOURGE, has produced photometric redshifts for star-forming galaxies (including highly attenuated ones) accurate to with 0.7% outliers. We measure a slight redshift bias of <0.001, and we note that the redshift bias tends to be larger at higher masses. We also examine the role of redshift on the derivation of rest-frame colors and stellar population parameters from SED fitting techniques. The ZFIRE survey extends spectroscopically confirmed z ∼ 2 samples across a richer range of environments, here we make available the first public release of the data for use by the community.
The physical properties of extra-solar planets

Tremendous progress in the science of extrasolar planets has been achieved since the discovery of a Jupiter orbiting the nearby Sun-like star 51 Pegasi in 1995. Theoretical models have now reached enough maturity to predict the characteristic properties of these new worlds, mass, radius, atmospheric signatures, and can be confronted with available observations. We review our current knowledge of the physical properties of exoplanets, internal structure and composition, atmospheric signatures, including expected biosignatures for exo-Earth planets, evolution, and the impact of tidal interaction and stellar irradiation on these properties for the short-period planets. We discuss the most recent theoretical achievements in the field and the still pending questions. We critically analyze the different solutions suggested to explain abnormally large radii of a significant fraction of transiting exoplanets. Special attention is devoted to the recently discovered transiting objects in the overlapping mass range between massive planets and low-mass brown dwarfs, stressing the ambiguous nature of these bodies, and we discuss the possible observable diagnostics to identify these two distinct populations. We also review our present understanding of planet formation and critically examine the different suggested formation mechanisms. We expect this review will provide the basic theoretical background to capture the essentials of the physics of exoplanet formation, structure and evolution and the related observable signatures.
International collaboration for assessing unmet needs of cancer survivors and family caregivers: Lens of healthcare professionals

Cancer patients and their family caregivers have reported various needs that are not met. Recognition of the unmet needs by healthcare professionals may be a first step to adequately and systematically addressing them. Thus, the International Psycho‐Oncology Society Survivorship Online Survey was developed to measure healthcare professionals' evaluation about the unmet needs of their patients and family caregivers around the globe.