Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Elastic Collisions Between two Ground-State P and D Atoms at Low and Ultralow Temperatures

The PD(X3Σ−) interaction potential is constructed using the CCSD(T) theory and the basis set, aug-cc-pV5Z. Using this potential, the spectroscopic parameters are accurately determined. The present Do, De, Re, ωe, ωeχe, αe, and Be are of 3.056 99 eV, 3.161 75 eV, 0.142 39 nm, 1701.558 cm−1, 23.6583 cm−1, 0.085 99 cm−1, and 4.3963 cm−1, respectively, which almost perfectly conform with the measurements. A total of 26 vibrational states is predicted when J = 0 by solving the radial Schrödinger equation of nuclear motion. The complete vibrational levels, classical turning points, initial rotation and centrifugal distortion constants when J = 0 are reported for the first time, which favorably agree with the experiments. The total and various partial-wave cross sections are calculated for the elastic impact between two ground-state P and D atoms at 1.0 × 10−12 – 1.0 × 10−4 a.u. when they approach each other along the PD(X3Σ−) potential. No shape resonances exist in the total elastic cross sections, though the peaks can be found for each partial wave until l = 6. The shape of the total elastic cross sections is dominated by the s partial wave at very low temperatures. Due to the weakness of the shape resonances of each partial wave, they are all passed into oblivion by the strong total elastic cross sections.
Wolf – Rayet stars and relativistic objects

of the flare to the CME arrival at the Earth. The shock wave effectively accelerated electrons. The middle panel of Fig. 15 displays the time dependences of the electron fluxes with energy from 0.3 to 12MeV, which have not been measured by other satellites in this time outside the geomagnetosphere. The upper panel of Fig. 15 shows the electron energy powerlaw index variations. The electron energy spectrum did not vary significantly as the CME approached the Earth. The electron spectra became softer, and the electron, as well as proton and ion, fluxes started decreasing as the CME receded from the Earth. The CORONAS-F satellite also measured the ion fluxes with energy from 2 to 40 MeV per nucleon. The time variations of ions from C to Si were similar to proton and electron variations. The chemical composition of ion fluxes over the entire duration of the high-energy particle outburst practically did not change. Table 3 shows the percentage abundance of different elements relative to oxygen for the flare of November 4 ± 7, 2001.
Dust in fusion devices - experimental evidence, possible sources and consequences

Dust can play an important role in fusion devices. Various mechanisms for dust production are discussed including the possible growth of particulates during the fusion plasma discharge itself. Samples of dust from TEXTOR-94 are analysed by scanning electron microscopy. The particle size ranges from millimetres down to < 100 nm. The morphology of the smallest particles suggests their plasma-induced growth. Part of the dust is ferromagnetic. The impact of dust particles on safety, plasma operations and performance is addressed.
Deep Learning for Unsupervised Anomaly Localization in Industrial Images: A Survey

Currently, deep learning-based visual inspection has been highly successful with the help of supervised learning methods. However, in real industrial scenarios, the scarcity of defect samples, the cost of annotation, and the lack of $a$ priori knowledge of defects may render supervised-based methods ineffective. In recent years, unsupervised anomaly localization (AL) algorithms have become more widely used in industrial inspection tasks. This article aims to help researchers in this field by comprehensively surveying recent achievements in unsupervised AL in industrial images using deep learning. The survey reviews more than 120 significant publications covering different aspects of AL, mainly covering various concepts, challenges, taxonomies, benchmark datasets, and quantitative performance comparisons of the methods reviewed. In reviewing the achievements to date, this article provides detailed predictions and analysis of several future research directions. This review provides detailed technical information for researchers interested in industrial AL and who wish to apply it to the localization of anomalies in other fields.
Study on Management and Application System of Patent Knowledge based on TRIZ

Innovation design requires a lot of knowledge. The study on how to effectively store and manage existing knowledge, how to realize sharing and representation of knowledge is of great significance. In this paper, we expressed the tacit knowledge in patent content based on TRIZ theory, established the mapping relationship between patent knowledge and TRIZ knowledge, and extracted conflict, principle, effect, function, standard solutions information from tacit knowledge. In order to support the process of product innovation, we established patent knowledge base and developed computer aided design system to manage and store and apply these knowledge. Keywords—TRIZ; patent knowledge; innovation
Illusionary Attacks on Sequential Decision Makers and Countermeasures

Autonomous intelligent agents deployed to the real-world need to be robust against adversarial attacks on sensory inputs. Existing work in reinforcement learning focuses on minimum-norm perturbation attacks, which were originally introduced to mimic a notion of perceptual invariance in computer vision. In this paper, we note that such minimum-norm perturbation attacks can be trivially detected by victim agents, as these result in observation sequences that are not consistent with the victim agent’s actions. Further-more, many real-world agents, such as physical robots, commonly operate under human supervi-sors, which are not susceptible to such perturbation attacks. As a result, we propose to instead focus on illusionary attacks, a novel form of attack that is consistent with the world model of the victim agent. We provide a formal deﬁnition of this novel attack framework, explore its character-istics under a variety of conditions, and conclude that agents must seek realism feedback to be robust to illusionary attacks.
A Study on 3-phase Interleaved DC-DC Boost Converter Structure and Operation for Input Current Stress Reduction

This paper analyses a 3-phase interleaved DC-DC boost converter for the conversion of low input voltage with high input current to higher DC output voltage. The operation of the 3-phase interleaved DC-DC boost converter with multi-parallel of boost converters is controlled by interleaved of switching signals with 120 degrees phase-shifted. Therefore, with this circuit configuraion, high input current is evenly shared among the parallel units and consequently the current stress is reduced on the circuit and semiconductor devices and contributes reduction of overall losses. The simulation and hardware results show that the current stress and the semiconductor conduction losses were reduced approximately 33% and 32%, respectively in the 3-phase interleaved DC-DC boost converter compared to the conventional DC-DC boost converters. Furthermore, the use of interleaving technique with continuous conduction mode on DC-DC boost converters is reducing input current and output voltage ripples to increase reliability and efficiency of boost converters.
Um Modelo de Referência Completa Para Avaliação Objetiva da Qualidade de Vídeo em Dispositivos Móveis em Ambientes do Sistema Brasileiro de TV Digital (SBTVD)

Este trabalho descreve os resultados da avaliacao da qualidade devideos de baixa resolucao, transmitidos em ambientes do Sistema Brasileirode TV Digital (SBTVD) com a utilizacao de modelagem e simulacaocomputacional em cenarios com mobilidade. O modelo baseia-se na utilizacaoda tecnologia WAVE (Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments) definida noPadrao IEEE 802.11p, que prove acesso de banda larga veicular C2C e C2X.
Recent developments in smart structures with aeronautical applications

The original version of this paper was presented and distributed as part of the 37th Israel Annual Conference on Aerospace Sciences Proceedings. Without attempting a thorough review of the burgeoning literature, the results of a representative sampling of recent papers dealing with smart materials and structures as actuators in aeronautical systems are summarized here. Their potential for improving performance, handling qualities in a stall, and increasing fatigue life is discussed briefly as requiring relatively slow-acting shape and shape-distribution changes. A similar review is made of applications for improving aeroelastic divergence, flutter instabilities, and tail buffeting on fixed-wing aircraft; and reducing vibrations, improving external acoustics, and providing flight controls for rotating-wing aircraft - all of which require a high-frequency response. The status of some of the most promising developments is noted and the remaining problems are touched on. Two approaches, which have not been given substantial attention elsewhere, are reviewed; these are: developing concentrated, namely nondistributed, piezoelectric actuators in helicoidal configurations, on the one hand, as a way to improve force - deflection output; and using control surfaces purposefully designed to be marginally unstable and stabilized by smart structures, on the other hand, as a means of reducing the force - deflection combinations required of smart-structure actuators.
FADE: Fusing the Assets of Decoder and Encoder for Task-Agnostic Upsampling

We consider the problem of task-agnostic feature upsampling in dense prediction where an upsampling operator is required to facili-tate both region-sensitive tasks like semantic segmentation and detail-sensitive tasks such as image matting. Existing upsampling operators often can work well in either type of the tasks, but not both. In this work, we present FADE, a novel, plug-and-play, and task-agnostic upsampling operator. FADE benefits from three design choices: i) considering encoder and decoder features jointly in upsampling kernel generation; ii) an efficient semi-shift convolutional operator that enables granular control over how each feature point contributes to upsampling kernels; iii) a decoder-dependent gating mechanism for enhanced detail delineation. We first study the upsampling properties of FADE on toy data and then evaluate it on large-scale semantic segmentation and image matting. In particular, FADE reveals its effectiveness and task-agnostic characteris-tic by consistently outperforming recent dynamic upsampling operators in different tasks. It also generalizes well across convolutional and transformer architectures with little computational overhead. Our work ad-ditionally provides thoughtful insights on what makes for task-agnostic upsampling. Code is available at: http://lnkiy.in/fade_in
Stochastic rounding variance and probabilistic bounds: A new approach

Stochastic rounding (SR) offers an alternative to the deterministic IEEE-754 floating-point rounding modes. In some applications such as PDEs, ODEs and neural networks, SR empirically improves the numerical behavior and convergence to accurate solutions while no sound theoretical background has been provided. Recent works by Ipsen, Zhou, Higham, and Mary have computed SR probabilistic error bounds for basic linear algebra kernels. For example, the inner product SR probabilistic bound of the forward error is proportional to $\sqrt$ nu instead of nu for the default rounding mode. To compute the bounds, these works show that the errors accumulated in computation form a martingale. This paper proposes an alternative framework to characterize SR errors based on the computation of the variance. We pinpoint common error patterns in numerical algorithms and propose a lemma that bounds their variance. For each probability and through Bienaym{\'e}-Chebyshev inequality, this bound leads to better probabilistic error bound in several situations. Our method has the advantage of providing a tight probabilistic bound for all algorithms fitting our model. We show how the method can be applied to give SR error bounds for the inner product and Horner polynomial evaluation.
A unified quantum correction model for nanoscale single- and double-gate MOSFETs under inversion conditions

In this paper a unified quantum correction charge model for nanoscale single- and double-gate MOS structures is presented. Based on the numerical solution of Schrödinger–Poisson equations, the developed quantum correction charge model is mainly optimized with respect to (i) the left and right positions of the charge concentration peak, (ii) the maximum of the charge concentration, (iii) the total inversion charge sheet density, and (iv) the average inversion charge depth, respectively. For nanoscale single- and double-gate MOS structures, this model predicts inversion layer electron density for various oxide thicknesses, silicon film thicknesses, and applied voltages. Compared to the Schrödinger–Poisson results, our model prediction is within 2.5% of accuracy for both the single- and double gate MOS structures on average. This quantum correction model has continuous derivatives and is therefore amenable to a device simulator.
A Generalized & Robust Framework For Timestamp Supervision in Temporal Action Segmentation

In temporal action segmentation, Timestamp supervision requires only a handful of labelled frames per video sequence. For unlabelled frames, previous works rely on assigning hard labels, and performance rapidly collapses under subtle violations of the annotation assumptions. We propose a novel Expectation-Maximization (EM) based approach that leverages the label uncertainty of unlabelled frames and is robust enough to accommodate possible annotation errors. With accurate timestamp annotations, our proposed method produces SOTA results and even exceeds the fully-supervised setup in several metrics and datasets. When applied to timestamp annotations with missing action segments, our method presents stable performance. To further test our formulation's robustness, we introduce the new challenging annotation setup of Skip-tag supervision. This setup relaxes constraints and requires annotations of any fixed number of random frames in a video, making it more flexible than Timestamp supervision while remaining competitive.
Simplicial volume of manifolds with amenable fundamental group at infinity

We show that for $n \neq 1,4$ the simplicial volume of an inward tame triangulable open $n$-manifold $M$ with amenable fundamental group at infinity at each end is finite; moreover, we show that if also $\pi_1(M)$ is amenable, then the simplicial volume of $M$ vanishes. We show that the same result holds for finitely-many-ended triangulable manifolds which are simply connected at infinity.
Larval Development of Interspecific Hybrid between Macrobrachium asperulum from Taiwan and Macrobrachium

The interspecific crossing between Macrobrachium asperulum from TaiWan and M. shokitai from Iriomote Island of the Ryukyus was tried under laboratory conditions. These two species were quite easily crossed, and their hybrid offsprings developed normally but proved to be sterile. Three larval stages, two zoeal and one megalopal, were passed through before going into the first juvenile stage. Major characteristics of these stages are described, and systematic relationships are discussed among M. asperulum, M. shokitai and M. formosense. large late larval elucidate systematic relation of these three species to make a new race, the interspecific crossing of them was in terspecific
Optical Monitoring of NLS1s at the Wise Observatory

We report the preliminary results of a spectrophotometric monitoring program of Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 galaxies conducted at the Wise Observatory in 1999. The data we collected will be used to evaluate the line-to-continuum time lag in an attempt to test the idea that the accretion rate in NLS1s is larger than in other Seyfert 1 galaxies.
Piezoelectric cantilever acoustic transducer

We present a piezoelectric acoustic transducer fabricated on a bulk-micromachined cantilever diaphragm. Use of the cantilever as a supporting diaphragm produces a highly sensitive microphone. In addition, when the device is driven electrically as an output transducer, a microspeaker, the relatively large deflections produce significant acoustic output. A voltage-to-frequency converter has also been demonstrated with piezoelectric cantilever transducers. The micromachined transducer has a zinc oxide (ZnO) piezoelectric thin film on a 1.5 m thick cantilever diaphragm, made of LPCVD low-stress silicon nitride. The measured cantilever microphone sensitivity is fairly constant around 3 mV in the low-frequency range below the first resonant frequency, which occurs at 1.8 kHz. The microspeaker output is approximately 100 dB SPL at 4.8 kHz and 12 (peak-peak) input drive. The voltage-to-frequency conversion is accomplished by the addition of a conducting plate and an aluminum (Al) sputtered layer on the underside of the cantilever. The resonant frequency of the microspeaker is changed by the potential applied between the top conducting plate and the lower Al layer. As the potential is changed from 0 to 40 , the resonant frequency shifts down from 14.5 kHz to 11.5 kHz while the amplitude of the output pressure is increased by 12.5 dB SPL. In the potential range of 15 to 25 , the frequency shift is fairly linear with the potential change and the sensitivity (frequency shift per unit applied potential change) is 200 Hz around 13 kHz.
The Gift that Keeps on Giving: Generosity is Contagious in Multiplayer Online Games

Understanding social interactions and generous behaviors have long been of considerable interest in the social sciences community. While the contagion of generosity is documented in the real world, less is known about such phenomenon in virtual worlds and whether it has an actionable impact on user behavior and retention. In this work, we analyze social dynamics in the virtual world of the popular massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) Sky: Children of Light. We develop a framework to reveal the patterns of generosity in such social environments and provide empirical evidence of social contagion and contagious generosity. Players become more engaged in the game after playing with others and especially with friends. We also find that players who experience generosity first-hand or even observe other players conduct generous acts become more generous themselves in the future. Additionally, we show that both receiving and observing generosity lead to higher future engagement in the game. Since Sky resembles the real world from a social play aspect, the implications of our findings also go beyond this virtual world.
Flavors of Geometry

This book collects accessible lectures on four geometrically flavored fields of mathematics that have experienced great development in recent years: hyperbolic geometry (taught by James Cannon), dynamics in several complex variables (taught by John Smillie), convex geometry (taught by Keith Ball and others), and volume estimation (taught by Bela Bollobas). Each lecture course start with elementary concepts, proceeds through highlights of the field, and concludes with a taste of advanced material. The style and presentation are crystal-clear, and most lectures are richly illustrated. Bibliographies and indexes are provided.
during Epstein-Barr Virus Reactivation Transcription by Lytic Transactivator Zta Expression through Inhibition of CIITA Down-Regulation of MHC Class II

The presentation of peptides to T cells by MHC class II molecules is of critical importance in speciﬁc recognition to a pathogen by the immune system. The level of MHC class II directly inﬂuences T lymphocyte activation. The aim of this study was to identify the possible mechanisms of the down-regulation of MHC class II expression by Zta during EBV lytic cycle. The data in the present study demonstrated that ectopic expression of Zta can strongly inhibit the constitutive expression of MHC class II and CIITA in Raji cells. The negative effect of Zta on the CIITA promoter activity was also observed. Scrutiny of the DNA sequence of CIITA promoter III revealed the presence of two Zta-response element (ZRE) motifs that have complete homology to ZREs in the DR and left-hand side duplicated sequence promoters of EBV. By chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, the binding of Zta to the ZRE 221 in the CIITA promoter was veriﬁed. Site-directed mutagenesis of three conserved nucleotides of the ZRE 221 substantially disrupted Zta-mediated inhibition of the CIITA promoter activity. Oligonucleotide pull-down assay showed that mutation of the ZRE 221 dramatically abolished Zta binding. Analysis of the Zta mutant lacking DNA binding domain revealed that the DNA-binding activity of Zta is required for the trans repression of CIITA. The expression of HLA-DR (cid:1) and CIITA was restored by Zta gene silencing. The data indicate that Zta may act as an inhibitor of the MHC class II pathway, suppressing CIITA transcription and thus interfering with the expression of MHC class II molecules. The Journal of Immunology, 2009, 182: 1799–1809.
Locally Adaptive Stereo Vision Based 3D Visual Reconstruction

Using stereo vision for 3D reconstruction and depth estimation has become a popular and promising research area as it has a simple setup with passive cameras and relatively efficient processing procedure. The work in this dissertation focuses on locally adaptive stereo vision methods and applications to different imaging setups and image scenes. Solder ball height and substrate coplanarity inspection is essential to the detection of potential connectivity issues in semi-conductor units. Current ball height and substrate coplanarity inspection tools are expensive and slow, which makes them difficult to use in a real-time manufacturing setting. In this dissertation, an automatic, stereo vision based, in-line ball height and coplanarity inspection method is presented. The proposed method includes an imaging setup together with a computer vision algorithm for reliable, in-line ball height measurement. The imaging setup and calibration, ball height estimation and substrate coplanarity calculation are presented with novel stereo vision methods. The results of the proposed method are evaluated in a measurement capability analysis (MCA) procedure and compared with the ground-truth obtained by an existing laser scanning tool and an existing confocal inspection tool. The proposed system outperforms existing inspection tools in terms of accuracy and stability. In a rectified stereo vision system, stereo matching methods can be categorized into global methods and local methods. Local stereo methods are more suitable for real-time processing purposes with competitive accuracy as compared with global methods. This work proposes a stereo matching method based on sparse locally adaptive cost aggregation. In order to reduce outlier disparity values that correspond to mis-matches, a novel sparse disparity subset selection method is proposed by assigning a significance status to candidate disparity values, and selecting the significant dispar-
Efficient Numerical Algorithm on Irreducible Multiparty Correlations

We develop a numerical algorithm to calculate the degrees of irreducible multiparty correlations for an arbitrary multipartite quantum state, which is efficient for any quantum state of up to five qubits in my personal computer. We demonstrate the power of the algorithm by the explicit calculations of the degrees of irreducible multiparty correlations in the 4-qubit GHZ state, the Smolin state, and the 5-qubit W state. This development takes a crucial step towards practical applications of irreducible multiparty correlations in real quantum many-body physics.