Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Operator Functional State: The Assessment and Prediction of Human Performance Degradation in Complex Tasks

The term `operator functional state' (OFS) acknowledges the intrinsic relationship between human task performance and the background state of the individual. Although central to an understanding of all aspects of performance, OFS, as its name implies, is of particular relevance to the behavior of operators of industrial control processes - chemical and nuclear plants, aviation, air traffic control, shipping, railways. The demands of managing complex control systems, particularly those that have safety-critical features, mean that operators cannot usually relax when they feel tense, or take breaks when they are tired. Instead, they must sustain high levels of task-directed effort for long periods, giving rise to strain, fatigue and unwanted after effects of work. The OFS approach recognizes the active nature of this adaptation to work goals and personal state, and argues for a methodology based on the necessity of examining the relationship between these processes under task conditions. The relationships between workload, effort, performance and fatigue, and the use of psychophysiological methods to investigate them, are at the heart of research in this area. Such issues are strongly represented in the papers that make up the present volume, which are based on the proceedings of a NATO Advanced Research Workshop (ARW).
A Systematic Chart Review of Adults with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Data from a Tertiary Care Psychiatry Center in India

Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an understudied construct in the psychiatric setting. The majority of existing Indian studies on PTSD focus on the general population or disaster-stricken communities. Here, we present data from a five-year retrospective chart review from a tertiary care psychiatric center in India. Methods: Medical records of adult patients (≥18 years) who had attended psychiatry outpatient services between April 1, 2015 and March 31, 2020 (five years) and were diagnosed with PTSD, as per ICD-10 criteria, were reviewed (n = 113). The relevant sociodemographic and clinical details were extracted using a semistructured pro forma. Results: The percentage of adult patients with PTSD diagnosis in the five years was 0.22%. PTSD was more common in females (n = 65, 57.5%). Most patients had interpersonal trauma (n = 85, 75.2%), specifically sexual abuse (n = 47, 41.6%). The median age of onset was 22 years. All the patients had re-experiencing symptoms, with an equally high rate of avoidance (n = 109, 96.5%) and arousal symptoms (n = 110, 97.3%). 82%(93) had a comorbid psychiatric disorder, with mood disorder being the most common (n = 44, 38.9%). Males had a higher rate of comorbid substance use disorder (n = 14, 29.2%) and depression (n = 20, 42%), and females had a higher rate of comorbid dissociative disorder (n = 13, 20%). Most of the patients received non-trauma-focused psychological interventions, and only 18% (20) received evidence-based trauma-focused psychological interventions. Conclusion: Interpersonal trauma, specifically sexual abuse, largely contributes to PTSD among adults attending psychiatric services. The need for trauma-focused psychological interventions is underscored.
Investigation of the Effect of Internal Factors on the Tobin’s Q Ratio and Value of the Companies Accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of internal factors of the company on the Tobin's Q ration and the value of companies admitted in Tehran Securities Exchange Stock Exchange with the approach of structural equation modeling. In this study the effect of corporate governance, capital structure and profit sharing policy as internal variables on corporate value was investigated. This research is practical in terms of goal. Statistical population of the present study is the companies accepted in the Tehran Stock Exchange between 2012 to 2016. Among them, 161 companies were selected as sample through systematic elimination. After finding to fit the acceptable model of ‏ measurement and structure of the research, the results showed that internal variables have a positive effect on the Tobin's Q ratio. Among the internal variables, the return-sharing policy has the most impact on the Tobin's Q ratio. The Tobin's Q ratio can mediate the relationship between local variables and the corporate value.
Early postoperative bleeding impacts long-term survival following first-time on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting

Background Significant bleeding following cardiac surgery is a recognised complication, associated with a requirement for re-exploration and blood transfusion, both associated with increased morbidity and early mortality. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of the volume of early postoperative bleeding on long-term survival for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods A retrospective analysis was performed of patients undergoing first-time isolated CABG at a single centre between January 2003 and April 2013, conditional from 30-day survival. Results Six thousand two hundred and sixty-five patients were analysed, with a mean Logistic EuroSCORE of 4.9%. The mean age was 67.8 years. Median follow-up was 11.5 years. The overall 10- and 15-year survival was 70.6% and 51.9% respectively. Following surgery, 4.6% (n=291) required return to theatre for re-exploration, and 43.6% (n=2,733) received at least one red cell transfusion. In multivariable analysis, the strongest correlates of mortality were age, smoking history, BMI, COPD, renal impairment, preoperative left ventricular function and preoperative haemoglobin (Hb) level. Twelve-hour blood loss was an additional predictor of inferior long-term survival. Five-year survival was 89.6% for patients with <500 mL blood loss, 86.8% for 500–1,000 mL and 83.8% for >1,000 mL. Re-exploration and receiving blood transfusion were not associated with reduced long-term survival. Conclusions Significant 12-hour blood loss is associated with inferior long-term survival following CABG. This observation supports efforts aimed at improving intra-operative haemostasis and aggressive management of patients with early signs of bleeding.
Plant Functional Diversity Is Linked to Carbon Storage in Deciduous Dipterocarp Forest Edges in Northern Thailand

Studies of carbon storage using functional traits have shown that it is strongly affected by functional diversity. We explored the effects of functional diversity on carbon storage at the edge of a deciduous dipterocarp forest (DDF) ecosystem in Thailand. Aboveground biomass carbon (AGBC), soil organic carbon (SOC), and total ecosystem carbon (TEC) were used as indicators of carbon storage. Five functional traits were measured in 49 plant species to calculate the community-weighted mean (CWM) and Rao’s quadratic diversity (FQ). We assessed which functional diversity metrics best-explained carbon storage. The results indicated that AGBC had a significant, positive relationship with the FQ of wood density, and a negative relationship with the CWM of leaf thickness. SOC had a significant, negative association with the FQ of leaf thickness and a positive relationship with the CWM of specific leaf area (SLA). TEC was best predicted by increases in the FQ of wood density and the CWM of SLA. These findings indicate that CWM and FQ are important for understanding how plant traits influence carbon storage in DDF edge ecosystems and suggest that promoting a high diversity of species with dissimilar wood density and high SLA may increase carbon storage in chronically disturbed DDF ecosystems.
Optimal meter placement for maintaining observability during single branch outages

This paper presents a method for designing measurement systems, that will not only make the systems observable, but also will maintain observability against loss of network branches. A linear programming based solution is proposed for choosing a measurement configuration that will make the system fully observable. Subsequently, a systematic method of appending a minimum number of additional measurements to ensure full observability against branch outages, is described. Contingencies considered in this paper relate to the loss of any single branch. However, the method can be extended to the case of multiple contingencies, provided the cost of adding more meters is financially justifiable. Numerical examples illustrating the proposed method, are given in the paper.
Literaturrecherche in der Handtherapie

Ihre Patientin fragt Sie, welche Behandlungsmaßnahme für sie die effektivste ist. Um eine evidenzbasierte Antwort geben zu können, benötigen Sie neben Ihrem Fachwissen auch die Kenntnis über den aktuellen Stand der Wissenschaft zu diesem Thema. Dieser Artikel zeigt, wie und wo Sie wissenschaftliche Informationen finden und wie Sie bei der Beantwortung einer klinischen Fragestellung konkret vorgehen können.
A reputation‐based RPL protocol to detect selective forwarding attack in Internet of Things

Internet of Things (IoT) is an internet of smart objects where smart objects communicate with each other. IoT objects are deployed in open medium with dynamic topology. Due lack of infrastructure and centralized management, IoT present serious vulnerabilities to security attacks. Therefore, security is an essential prerequisite for the real‐world deployment of IoT. In this work, we propose reputation‐based RPL protocol where reputation‐based mechanism is embedded into RPL protocol to enhance its capabilities against selective forwarding attack. Reputation is calculated by evaluating data forwarding behavior of IoT node. Data forwarding behavior of IoT node is evaluated by the difference between monitored actual packet loss and estimated normal loss. Calculated reputation value is considered in parent selection. Simulation results show that the proposed approach can accurately detect and isolate selective forwarding attack with improving data delivery ratio of the IoT network.
Multiphase clock generators with controlled clock impulse width for programmable high order rotator SC FIR filters realized in 0.35 μm CMOS technology

Complexity of clock generator is one of the most important parameters in the design and optimization of switched-capacitor (SC) finite impulse response (FIR) filters. There are different SC FIR filter architectures. Some of them need a simple clock generator but the others require a quite complicated multiphase clock system. In the latter case an external clock system (i.e., outside the integrated circuit) is unrealistic because of a great number of the required external pins. We have implemented various SC FIR filter architectures together with complex internal clock generators in the CMOS 0.8 μm and 0.35 μm technologies. One of the most important problems in the design process was the optimization of waveforms and widths of the clock impulses. SC FIR filters are very sensitive to parameters of clock systems. Thus the clock generators must be designed very precisely. We demonstrate results of the design of the 64-phase clock generator for a programmable rotator SC FIR filter. In our approach the width of the clock impulses is controlled by two external signals. This is a very convenient solution, because optimization of the clock impulses, which was difficult in other approaches, is currently much easier. The internal clock generator area is ca. 0.15 mm2 in the CMOS 0.35 μm technology, i.e., only 7 % of the entire SC FIR filter chip area.
A new total static leakage estimation model for UDSM-based transistor stacks

This paper introduces a new input pattern dependent model for total static leakage estimation in ultra deep submicron processes. The model integrates gate tunnelling leakage, gate induced drain leakage (GIDL) and subthreshold leakage into a single leakage estimation framework. Subthreshold estimation is facilitated through the analytical estimation of nodal voltages between OFF transistors, while gate tunnelling leakage and GIDL are calculated based on simplified versions of their respective BSIM4 equations. The framework deals with all input patterns and accommodates scenarios where the various leakage currents interact. Similar approaches in the literature are either based on a look up table approach, and do not accommodate transistor stacks with varying widths, or are highly experimental and require a detailed knowledge of the transistor device physics. Several approaches also exist for modeling either subthreshold leakage or gate tunnelling leakage separately. Even those approaches use a lookup table approach, fix all widths in a transistor stack and/or limit the stack size to 2-3 transistors. The model proposed in this paper is tractable and almost completely analytical. It is capable of accommodating stacks with up to 4 transistors with varying transistor widths. A stack estimator function based on this model was coded in MatLab for the 65nm, 45nm and 32nm PTM process technologies. Compared with SPICE simulations the model exhibited an average error of 1.29%, 2.79%, 7.57% and 11.42% for stack sizes of 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively across all three technologies. The model also exhibits significant runtime savings when compared with SPICE.
Remaining safe by working at the edge of compliance and adaptation: reflective practices in aviation and air traffic control

Most efforts in safety management have focused on formal work organisation (e.g. procedures and safety rules), neglecting issues of compatibility with practitioner work practices; as a result, compliance – adaptation tradeoffs may arise that are difficult to resolve in complex situations. This article reviews earlier research in communities of practice and uses an ethnographic study to examine how practices evolve and what conditions make them vulnerable to failure in the context of air traffic control. System dynamics are used to model the development and revision of work practices, as well as their interaction with the formal work organisation. Several proposals are made how to support the processes of ‘reflection-in-action’ (i.e. mindful adaptation of practices) and ‘reflection-on-action’ (i.e. articulation and transmission of practices) that help practitioners in revising and reflecting on their practices to achieve better adaptation. The discussion addresses many challenges in integrating the formal work organisation with practitioner practices, transmitting good practices across organisations and promoting organisational learning.
Feed-Forward Control of Kite Power Systems

Kite power technology is a novel solution to harvest wind energy from altitudes that can not be reached by conventional wind turbines. The use of a lightweight but strong tether in place of an expensive tower provides an additional cost advantage, next to the higher capacity factor. This paper describes a method to estimate the wind velocity at the kite using measurement data at the kite and at the ground. Focussing on a kite power system, which is converting the traction power of a kite in a pumping mode of operation, a reel-out speed predictor is presented for use in feed-forward control of the tether reel-out speed of the winch. The results show, that the developed feedforward controller improves the force control accuracy by a factor of two compared to the previously used feedback controller. This allows to use a higher set force during the reel-out phase which in turn increases the average power output by more than 4%. Due to its straightforward implementation and low computational requirements feedforward control is considered a promising technique for the reliable and efficient operation of traction-based kite power systems.
Experiments with Stochastic Processes: Façade Subdivision based on Wind Motion

Constraint based tools for architectural design exploration need to satisfy aesthetic and functional criteria as well as combine discrete and continuous modes of exploration. In this paper, we examine the possibilities for stochastic processes in design space exploration. Specifically, we address the application of a stochastic wind motion model to the subdivision of an external building envelope into smaller discrete components. Instead of deterministic subdivision constraints, we introduce explicit uncertainty into the system of subdivision. To address these aims, we develop a model of stochastic wind motion; create a subdivision scheme that is governed by the wind model and explore a design space of a façade subdivision problem. A discrete version of the façade, composed of light strips and panels, based on the bamboo elements deformed by continuous wind motion, is developed. The results of the experiments are presented in the paper.
A mathematical model of the human body

Abstract : A mathematical model for predicting the inertial properties of a human body in various positions was developed. Twenty-five standard anthropometric dimensions are used in the model to predict an individual's center of gravity, moments and products of inertia, principal moments, and principal axes. The validity of the model was tested by comparing its predictions with experimental data from 66 subjects. The center of gravity was generally predicted within 0.7 inches and moments of inertia within 10 percent. The principal vertical axis was found to deviate from the longitudinal axis of the body by as much as 50 degrees, depending on the body position assumed. A generalized computer program to calculate the inertial properties of a subject in any body position is presented. The inertial properties of five composite subjects in each of 31 body positions is offered as a design guide. IBM 7094 digital computer programs are appended.
An intelligent decentralized energy management strategy for the optimal electric vehicles' charging in low‐voltage islanded microgrids

The expected significant growth in global electricity demand, followed by the adoption of green energy sources, led to the modernization of the energy distribution grids, such as the development of microgrids that can improve the reliability of the electric power system. Meanwhile, the increased integration of electric vehicles is expected to have a negative impact on power quality, normal operation, and investment costs of the microgrid. In this paper, a microgrid topology was studied for the islanded operation of a low‐voltage distribution network. The deployment of such energy management systems is essential to guarantee the safe and reliable operation of isolated microgrids. Hence, a decentralized energy management system, based on multi‐agent systems, was developed for the efficient charging of electric vehicles, by expanding a state‐of‐the‐art fuzzy logic controller‐based energy management strategy, in combination with a charging power controller, based on fuzzy cognitive maps. According to the authors' best knowledge, this is the first time that fuzzy cognitive maps theory is introduced in EVs' charging management problems. The performance of the proposed multi‐agent decentralized energy management system presented significant reduction in the investment costs of the microgrid, as compared with the use of a sole fuzzy logic controller‐based energy management strategy. The total cost of the microgrid for a 20‐year investment period is decreased by approximately 8.8%. Furthermore, the incorporation of the fuzzy cognitive maps‐based charging power controller leads to a significant amount of chargeable EVs. The mean chargeable EVs increased by 31%. Finally, the proposed energy management system reduces the peak load and load variances approximately 17% and 29%, respectively, without shifting and delaying the charging of the EVs. Hence, the proposed novel charging management system offers an intelligence approach for islanding distribution grids including the high penetration of electric vehicles by presenting operational and financial benefits.
Resonant AC link system converter for fuel cell grid interface

The transition from the present fossil fuel based economy to a self-sufficiency clean energy world depends upon distinctive power electronic systems for the implementation of alternative energy grid interface. Fuel cell technology is an attractive means of power generation because it is environmentally clean, uses the vast resource of hydrogen as fuel and approximately doubles the current cycle efficiency of fossil fuel power generation. This paper discusses the proposal of a high frequency series resonant AC link operating under discrete pulse modulation for interfacing a fuel cell to the grid. Analysis and simulations studies are presented, showing the advantages of creating zero-current-switching conditions which enable the use of thyristors and related technologies.
3-D Scene Reconstruction with a Handheld Stereo Camera

There are many applications that require accurate three-dimensional (3-D) computer models of real world scenes. Example applications can be found in crime scene investigation, engineering, construction work, and the entertainment industry. Because creating a 3-D model by hand is a tedious and error prone process it is desirable to use an automatic acquisition method.
Modular integration of microactuators and micro-optical benches

Micro-optical interferometer systems are requested for optical sensor application as well as for signal monitoring or signal (de)modulation in case of optical data networking. Using the opportunities of LIGA technology with its precision in manufacturing of polymeric microstructures with a high aspect ratio, e.g. for the exact alignment of commercially available optical elements or to realize the micro optical structures itself, offers the possibility to design and fabricate complex modular micro-optical systems. Due to this modular concept the MOEMS are usually composed of a micro-optical bench (MOB) and an external platform with a micro actuator. The combination to a subsystem can be realized by standard assembly technology. A first designed prototype using this advanced modular concept is a micro Mach-Zehnder interferometer based on free space propagation. It was developed to be applied in different fields of c-band applications at 1550 nm up to 40 Gbps.
Role of storage facilities for insect pest control strategies in Punjab, Pakistan

This research has a mint of importance in Pakistan where a major part of the economy is based on agricultural products. A survey was conducted in the Punjab province to evaluate the types and methods of storage and the pest attack on their storage and their control strategies as well. Questionnaire was designed to collect the information from the local people, gender, including students, landlords, house owners/housewives and farmers. Data indicated the use of chemicals for the control of the pests in their storage best. The most common storage facility is metallic bin. Pest which was reported by people was Red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum Herbst. Main seasons of attack of the pests are summer and rainy. Data gave a lot of other information about storage which can be helpful for further research on the local storage of grains, its pests and their control. Key words: Tribolium castaneum, survey, chemicals, storage.