Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stability of Kolmogorov scaling in anisotropically forced turbulence

Renormalization-group analysis of randomly stirred fluid with anisotropic distribution of random force is carried out at one-loop order. The axial anisotropy is introduced by free parameters of external forcing in the Navier-Stokes equation, but the anisotropy parameters are not assumed to be small. The region of stability of the Kolmogorov scaling regime in the space of anisotropy parameters has been determined for several space dimensionalities 2{lt}d{le}3. The Kolmogorov constant and the amplitudes of longitudinal and transverse projection operators with respect to the preferred direction in the energy spectrum have been calculated in situations where the competition between the anisotropy of the external forcing and the Navier-Stokes dynamics may affect the stability of the Kolmogorov regime. Extension to more complex magnetohydrodynamic systems is under investigation. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
TRAJECTORY REAL-TIME OBSTACLE AVOIDANCE FOR UNDERACTUATED UNMANNED SURFACE VESSELS

A new method for obstacle avoidance of underactuated unmanned surface vessels is presented which combines trajectory planning with real-time tracking control. In this method, obstacles are approximated and enclosed by elliptic shapes which represent the stable limit cycle solution of a special class of ODEs (ordinary differential equation). The vessel trajectory at any moment is defined by the ODEs whose solution is the limit cycle defining the obstacle immediately on its path to the target. When no obstacle remains on the vessel’s path, the trajectory is defined by exponentially stable ODEs whose solution is the target trajectory. The planned trajectories are tracked by the vessel through a sliding mode control law which is robust to environmental disturbances and modeling uncertainties and can be computed in real time. One advantage of the method is that it allows for dynamic (moving and rotating) obstacles as well as a moving target. Another advantage is that only the current information about the obstacles and the target are required for real-time trajectory planning. Since the vessel current position is used as feedback to redefine the limit cycle trajectories, the method is also robust to large disturbance.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Comparative analysis of effect of fruit juices on surface roughness of bulk fill and flowable composite material

Resin-based composites have been widely used to reconstruct anterior and posterior teeth, as dentistry has progressed and there has been an increasing interest in the creation of suitable materials to replace damaged tooth tissue. The aim of the study is to compare the effect of fruit juices on the surface roughness of bulk fill and flowable composite restorative material. A total of 8 bulk fill composite and flowable composite resin disc samples were made. These eight samples were tested for surface roughness following immersion in three juices which were pineapple juice, lime juice, orange juice, and distilled water as the control group. They were immersed at room temperature for 7 days. Surface roughness was evaluated by the Mitutoyo SJ-310 contact profilometer. It showed that there was a decrease in the Ra value of flowable composite when compared to bulk fill composite. Rq and Rz values were more for the flowable composite resin group. Flowable composite resin samples had more surface roughness than bulk fill dental composite restorative material after exposure to pineapple, lime, and orange juices.
Average time in between appointments for multivisit pulpectomy in patients reported to a university dental hospital

Complete removal of the infected coronal and radicular pulp tissue along with obturation of the canal space with suitable medication is defined as pulpectomy. The most common indication for pulpectomy is a tooth with irreversible pulpitis which shows symptoms of nocturnal pain and abscess. To determine the average time in appointments for multivisit pulpectomy in patients reported to a university dental hospital. It is planned as a retrospective analysis of the case records of patients who were treated as two visit pulpectomy procedures in a university dental hospital, India. The study concluded that in the majority of the situations the average time in between appointments for multivisit pulpectomy was found to be within 1 week.
Melanin pigments from sediment-associated Nocardiopsis sp. marine actinobacterium and antibacterial potential

To extract the melanin pigment from marine microbes and their biological potential, the present study was done. Isolation and identification of the melanin-producing Nocardiopsis sp. were obtained from the sediment samples. Zone of inhibition and minimal inhibitory concentration test was performed using melanin. Melanin was extracted from sediment-associated marine Nocardiopsis sp. In the present study, marine actinobacterium was identified by the conventional method, and the isolate was identified as Nocardiopsis sp. Melanin was extracted, and antibacterial activities were performed against different pathogens and the highest zone of inhibition is more in the E. coli while related to another two species. From previous observation done by Fu et al., they have said that marine actinobacteria have the ability of antimicrobial activity, which is very much helpful in producing the potential antimicrobial drugs this was similar to our study that marine actinobacteria have the capability to produce melanin pigment, and at the same time, it helps as to show the antibacterial activity. We concluded that melanin is produced by the Nocardiopsis sp. We also found that melanin extracted from the Nocardiopsis sp. of marine actinobacterium also has an antibacterial effect.
Polyimide-waveguide-based thermal optical switch using total-internal-reflection effect

A total-internal-reflection waveguide switch with an X junction was designed and fabricated by using the thermo-optic effect of polyimide materials. Experimental results show that the crosstalk is below −28 dB at the wavelength of 1.55 μm. The switching power with the current electrode is 132 mW, which can be reduced to 20–30 mW with an optimized design together with electroplating to form a thick conducting path.
Opportunities and challenges of neoadjuvant targeted therapy in nonsmall cell lung cancer

Purpose of review The aim of this study is to summarize the completed and ongoing clinical trials of neoadjuvant targeted therapy, discuss tolerability and efficacy, and explain the role of neoadjuvant targeted therapy in patients with resectable nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). At the same time, the existing challenges are presented, including assessment methods, biomarkers, surrogate endpoints and so on. We also put forward our views on possible ways to make improvements and establish neoadjuvant therapy a standard treatment in resectable NSCLC. Recent findings The mortality of lung cancer has decreased in the last 10 years, which can partly be attributed to advancement of targeted therapy. Targeted therapy has become the first-line treatment for patients with advanced mutation gene positive NSCLC, achieving the effect of prolonging overall survival (OS). Compared with chemotherapy, targeted therapy is associated with good tolerability and high response rate. Neoadjuvant targeted therapy has emerged in recent years and attracted attention of researchers. Early findings proved that neoadjuvant targeted therapy alone can improve patients’ disease-free survival (DFS) and the efficacy of combining with other forms of neoadjuvant therapy is also being explored by researchers. Summary Neoadjuvant targeted therapy is playing an important role in NSCLC and worth more in-depth research.
Dynamics of a non-spherical microcapsule with incompressible interface in shear flow

We study the motion and deformation of a liquid capsule enclosed by a surface-incompressible membrane as a model of red blood cell dynamics in shear flow. Considering a slightly ellipsoidal initial shape, an analytical solution to the creeping-flow equations is obtained as a regular perturbation expansion in the excess area. The analysis takes into account the membrane fluidity, area-incompressibility and resistance to bending. The theory captures the observed transition from tumbling to swinging as the shear rate increases and clarifies the effect of capsule deformability. Near the transition, intermittent behaviour (swinging periodically interrupted by a tumble) is found only if the capsule deforms in the shear plane and does not undergo stretching or compression along the vorticity direction; the intermittency disappears if deformation along the vorticity direction occurs, i.e. if the capsule ‘breathes’. We report the phase diagram of capsule motions as a function of viscosity ratio, non-sphericity and dimensionless shear rate.
Dual-modality imaging of a compressible breast phantom with realistic optical and x-ray properties

Medical imaging equipment is routinely characterised and tested using tissue equivalent phantoms. Combined x-ray and optical mammography could provide increased screening specificity over either system alone. The ongoing evaluation of this approach depends upon the development of phantoms with simultaneously breast tissue equivalent optical and x-ray properties. Furthermore deformation models used in the registration of optical and x-ray images, which are acquired at differing levels of breast compression, require validation through phantoms which are also mechanically tissue equivalent. As well as static imaging, dynamic optical imaging of blood flow whilst breast compression is applied has been proposed as a method of enhancing screening specificity. The effect of changes in blood flow and volume on optical tomography still need to be established. A novel phantom material created by freezing and thawing a solution of polyvinyl alcohol (PVAL) in ethanol to create a solid yet elastically compressible gel is described. These gels have x-ray attenuation coefficients equivalent to those of breast tissues whilst their optical and mechanical properties are readily modified. Titanium dioxide is added to the optically non-scattering and colourless gels to obtain the transport scattering coefficient required. Cancerous tissues are often many times stiffer than healthy. Similar differences in stiffness are achieved between gels by varying PVAL concentration. The first x-ray and optical images of an anthropomorphically shaped breast phantom made from this gel are presented. This contains a lesion filled with blood equivalent dye whose volume changes upon compression of the phantom.
Tables for Constructing Confidence Limits on the Multiple Correlation Coefficient

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to present tables for the construction of confidence limits on the multiple correlation coefficient when sampling from a k-variate normal population. Ezekiel and Fox [3, pp. 296–8] prepared charts which serve this purpose when k is eight or less. The tables in this paper are for cases involving values of k that are larger than eight. Some brief historical comment is also given, and (in the next to the last paragraph) an illustration of the use of the tables.
GRAVITY: design and performance of the fringe tracker

GRAVITY is a second generation instrument for the VLTI. It will combine four telescopes in the K band and perform fringe tracking on stars as faint as 10 magnitude with a lambda/8 accuracy, thus counterbalancing atmospheric piston and UTs longitudinal vibrations, despite flux drop-outs due to residual tip-tilt jitter. To achieve such a performance, new developments have to be tested. We have developed a complete simulator so as to improve algorithms and establish an efficient fringe tracking strategy. In addition, a prototype of the fringe tracker for GRAVITY is being built up in order to demonstrate the results of this simulator. We present here the current status of these developments, achieved by simulating realistic tracking at VLTI.
Interstellar methyl mercaptan.

Methyl mercaptan (CH3SH) has been identified in Sgr B2 from observations of six lines in its millimeter-wave spectrum. The CH3SH rotational temperature and column density in Sgr B2 are T(rot) = 9 plus or minus 3 K and N = 1.5 plus or minus 0.2 x 10 to the 14th per sq cm, respectively. The CH3SH/CH3OH ratio is apparently not greatly different from the cosmic S/O ratio.
DESIGN OF DERIVATIVE-FREE SMOOTHERS AND PREDICTORS

Abstract Local state estimation approaches for nonlinear stochastic systems are treated. The unscented transformation and the Stirling's polynomial interpolation, used in the design of the derivative-free Kalman filters, are briefly discussed. These approximation techniques are exploited to the design of the derivative-free smoothers and predictors. Some aspects of the different types of the derivative-free smoothers are analysed. The estimation qualities of the proposed estimators are illustrated in a numerical example.
Are cataclysmic variables the progenitors of type I supernovae

The long term evolution of carbon-oxygen white dwarfs accreting solar composition material at fixed rate is investigated in order to determine whether short-period cataclysmic binary systems are likely to be Type I supernova progenitors. In addition to mass loss from the white dwarf in response to hydrogen shell flashes in the accreted material, a number of previously neglected physical processes are considered, including mass loss due to helium flashes, dredge-up of core material by turbulence induced by shears due to accretion of angular momentum, and mass loss by stellar winds during the hot remnant phase.
A Modified Method to Fit Probability Distributions of Geotechnical Parameters Using Stochastic Weighted Entropy Principle

Due to various uncertainties, most of geotechnical parameters are small samples, which causes much trouble when the probability distribution of geotechnical parameter is fitted using traditional distributions. This paper uses stochastic weighted method to improve the small samples of Geotechnical parameters into big samples, thus solving the problems caused by the small samples. Meanwhile, the probability density function of geotechnical parameter is derived based on maximum entropy principle, the advantage of presented method is verified through Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test. Case study shows that the proposed method not only overcomes the dependence of conventional fitting methods on classical probability distributions, but also the fitting more close to the fact because the data come from the big sample improved by geotechnical parameters, which has important engineering significance.
NATURAL CONVECTION IN A 2D ENCLOSURE WITH SINUSOIDAL UPPER WALL TEMPERATURE

Natural convection in a two-dimensional, rectangular enclosure with sinusoidal temperature profile on the upper wall and adiabatic conditions on the bottom and sidewalls is numerically investigated. The applied sinusoidal temperature is symmetric with respect to the midplane of the enclosure. Numerical calculations are produced for Rayleigh numbers in the range 10 2 to 10 8 , and results are presented in the form of streamlines, isotherm contours, and distributions of local Nusselt number. The circulation patterns are shown to increase in intensity, and their centers to move toward the upper wall corners with increasing Rayleigh number. As a result, the thermal boundary layer is confined near the upper wall regions. The values of the maximum and the minimum local Nusselt number at the upper wall are shown to increase with increasing Rayleigh number. Finally, an increase in the enclosure aspect ratio produces an analogous increase of the fluid circulation intensity.
An extremal problem for subdivisions of K - 5

It is proved that every graph G with ‖G‖ ≥ 2|G| - 5, |G| ≥ 6, and girth at least 5, except the Petersen graph, contains a subdivision of K5-, the complete graph on five vertices minus one edge. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc, J. Graph Theory 30: 261276, 1999
Simulating Quantum-Mechanical Barrier Tunneling Phenomena with a Nematic-Liquid-Crystal-Filled Double-Prism Structure

We present an electrically-controlled nematic-liquid-crystal-filled double-prism structure that can be used to simulate quantum-mechanical tunneling through a barrier of variable height. Measurements of time delay in reflection from this structure, taken with femtosecond resolution using entangled photon pairs in a Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer, are compared to theoretical predictions. We show that the Goos-Hänchen contribution to the tunneling delay is unmeasurable in this geometry. Our research contributes to the understanding of quantum-mechanical barrier tunneling times, and can lead to the fabrication of optical analogues to the tunnel junction and other photonic devices.
Spacecraft and Ground Anomalies Related to the October‐November 2003 Solar Activity

During two weeks in late October and early November 2003, a series of large solar events led to high levels of energetic particles in geospace and produced overlapping large geomagnetic storms on 28‐30 October. These storms caused effects ranging from power grid failures to satellite shutdowns. A Japanese satellite was lost completely, the U. S. Federal Aviation Administration issued their first‐ever high radiation dosage alert for high‐altitude aircraft, and astronauts in the International Space Station had to retreat into their heavily shielded service module.
Effect of current crowding on void propagation at the interface between intermetallic compound and solder in flip chip solder joints

We propose a kinetic model to describe a pancake-type void propagation in flip chip solder joints due to current crowding in electromigration. The divergence of the vacancy fluxes at the interface between the solder and Cu6Sn5 leads to void formation and propagation along the interface between them. Based on the continuity condition, the void growth velocity is calculated. The theoretical calculations are in reasonable agreement with the experimental results.
Color image enhancement using correlated intensity and saturation adjustments

The enhancement of digital color images needs to be performed in accordance with human perception in terms of hue, saturation, and intensity attributes instead of improving only the contrast. Two approaches were developed in this work, which use a correlated adjustment mechanism incorporating intensity and saturation attributes and provide contrast and saturation enhancements together with brightness consistency. In these algorithms, object edges are emphasized for contrast, and image saturation is increased by boosting the salient regions. Furthermore, intensity and saturation enhancements are carried out in a lattice structure where adjustments are made inter-related for better performance. Experiments were conducted with benchmark and real-world images. Results had shown improvements in image qualities both qualitatively and quantitatively.
A new approach to the perfect regulation and the bounded peaking in linear multivariable control systems

This paper presents a new approach to the perfect regulation (p.r.) and the bounded peaking (b.p.) in linear multivariable control systems, based on the pole and the eigenvector assignment technique. Roughly speaking the p.r. represents an ideal control action which reduces the settling time to 0, while the b.p. simply means the bounded overshoot in this ideal situation. Simple frequency domain characterizations of the p.r. and the b.p. are derived. They reveal some invariance properties of the p.r. and the b.p. that provide a powerful tool for achieving the p.r. and the b.p. The existence condition for the p.r. is derived, which turns out to be identical to the result obtained in the optimal regulator theory. This result is extended to a more general control objective of attaining the p.r. for one output while keeping the b.p. for another output. A condition on which the p.r. is realized by an output feedback is also derived. A simple design algorithm is proposed for achieving the p.r. which is essentially the eigenvector assignment procedure. Finally, an application to a real system is discussed.
Force sensing micro-forceps with integrated fiber Bragg grating for vitreoretinal surgery

Vitreoretinal surgery is a technically demanding ophthalmologic discipline. One of the main technical challenges in vitreoretinal surgery is the lack of force sensing since the surgical maneuvers fall below the human sensory threshold. Previously, a 2-degree-of-freedom (DOF) force sensing instrument with a surgical pick was developed and tested. However, a more commonly used instrument for vitreoretinal surgery is the forceps, with which a surgeon can easily grasp and delaminate the scar tissue. We have designed, fabricated and calibrated a novel 20-gauge (Ga) microsurgical instrument with a 2-DOF force sensing forceps. Three fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors are integrated into the customized AlconTM forceps tip. The redundant sensor configuration provides good compensation for temperature-related drift. The calibration data show that the tool can provide a force resolution of 0.25 mN. In order to test the functionality and performance, the forceps was evaluated in inner shell membrane peeling experiments with chicken embryos as well as in in-vivo rabbit experiments. The instrument has demonstrated the capability of being applied in the clinical environment, with consistent force measurements. The force exerted in inner shell membrane peeling is from 6.07 to 34.65 mN. The development of the 2-DOF force sensing micro-forceps has shown that the fabrication process is feasible and reliable, and it can be used to develop a future 3-DOF force sensing tool.