Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ideal Triangulations of Pseudo-Anosov Mapping Tori

We show how to construct an ideal triangulation of a mapping torus of a pseudo-Anosov map punctured along the singular fibers. This gives rise to a new conjugacy invariant of mapping classes, and a new proof of a theorem of Farb-Leininger-Margalit. The approach in this paper is based on ideas of Hamenstadt.
Should We ‘Eat a Rainbow’? An Umbrella Review of the Health Effects of Colorful Bioactive Pigments in Fruits and Vegetables

Health promotion campaigns have advocated for individuals to ‘eat a rainbow’ of fruits and vegetables (FV). However, the literature has only focused on individual color pigments or individual health outcomes. This umbrella review synthesized the evidence on the health effects of a variety of color-associated bioactive pigments found in FV (carotenoids, flavonoids, betalains and chlorophylls), compared to placebo or low intakes. A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL and CENTRAL was conducted on 20 October 2021, without date limits. Meta-analyzed outcomes were evaluated for certainty via the GRADE system. Risk of bias was assessed using the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine critical appraisal tools. A total of 86 studies were included, 449 meta-analyzed health outcomes, and data from over 37 million participants were identified. A total of 42% of health outcomes were improved by color-associated pigments (91% GRADE rating very low to low). Unique health effects were identified: n = 6 red, n = 10 orange, n = 3 yellow, n = 6 pale yellow, n = 3 white, n = 8 purple/blue and n = 1 green. Health outcomes associated with multiple color pigments were body weight, lipid profile, inflammation, cardiovascular disease, mortality, type 2 diabetes and cancer. Findings show that color-associated FV variety may confer additional benefits to population health beyond total FV intake.
The Carlson-Simpson Lemma in Reverse Mathematics

We examine the Carlson-Simpson Lemma (VW(k,l)), which is the combinatorial core of the Dual Ramsey Theorem, from the perspective of Reverse Mathematics. Our results include the following:Working in the system BSigma_2^0, we carry out the construction of a failure of the ordered version of the Carlson-Simpson Lemma OVW(k,l), which was introduced in a paper by Miller and Solomon. This observation implies that we can construct such a recursive counterexample in the model of SRT_2^2 that was discussed in a recent paper by Chong, Slaman and Yang. It follows that SRT_2^2 does not prove OVW(k,l) over RCA_0. We also show that the strength of the principle VW(k,l) is independent of the number of colors l being used.By proving that VW(k,l) is not conservative over RCA_0 for arithmetical sentences, we conclude that VW(k,l) is not provable from any theory that is conservative over RCA_0 for arithmetical sentences.
Evolutionary Overview of Terrace Research Based on Bibliometric Analysis in Web of Science from 1991 to 2020

Based on the Web of Science core collection database, this paper retrieves 349 research papers on terraced fields published during 1991–2020. Keyword co-occurrence analysis, cluster analysis, and thematic evolutionary analysis were used to identify the evolutionary path of terrace research. The findings were as follows: (1) In the past 20 years, the study of terraced fields has shown an upward trend. The number of annual published papers during 2012–2020 was much more than that during 1991–2011, but papers during 1991–2011 were more academically influential than those during 2012–2020. (2) Regional analysis showed that terrace research in China is the most abundant currently, and is mainly focused on agricultural production, agricultural engineering, cultural tourism, and ecological environment. (3) Keyword co-occurrence analysis showed that terrace landscape, terrace agriculture, terrace abandonment, land use change, soil and water conservation, and sustainable utilization of typical terraces are the main modules of current terrace studies. (4) In a temporal dynamic perspective, terrace research presented 10 main evolutionary paths during 1991–2020, reflecting the trend of terrace research towards sustainable terrace development of ecological agriculture and ecosystem service. (5) Finally, this paper suggests that here is a need to deepen studies on terrace ecosystem services and human well-being based on their structure and processes, to analyze the interaction and comprehensive effect of natural process and humanistic driving forces on terrace abandonment, and to explore the multi-functional benefits and sustainable management of high quality terraced landscape.
Microplastics accumulation in agricultural soil: Evidence for the presence, potential effects, extraction, and current bioremediation approaches

Decades ago, microplastic presence was corroborated in aquatic ecosystem, but revelations from current studies indicate microplastics (MPs) as ubiquitous environmental concern and demonstrate our plasticized life, because of microplastic existent in food, air, water, and soil. Existence of MPs in terrestrial ecosystem is long recognized now and additionally, all the evidence that has been found for microplastic entering the farm soils indicated that they are gradually accumulating in the agricultural soil. While previous studies focused extensively on marine systems, the increasing toxicity of MPs in agricultural cultivated soils and the aspects of MPs being accumulated causing bio-toxification are being looked upon presently. They potentially damage the yield of crop plants making their roots unable to uptake water and nutrients from the soil by accumulating near the roots. MPs have already invaded the terrestrial food chain and they have been detected in excreta of livestock animals along with earthworms and crop plants. MPs are abundant in farm soil that has interacted with sewage-sludge, plastic mulching sheets, organic fertilizers, and vermicompost for a long duration. This review focuses on current evidence of microplastic accumulation in farm soil, thereby enlightening the potential damages to crop plants, soil properties, soil microbes while ultimately reaching humans via the food chain. It also covers the recent advances for soil microplastic extraction, treatment, and possible bioremediation strategies.
Understanding the Interplay of Psychosocial Competencies in Talent Development: Typologies and Differences for Gifted Students

ABSTRACT The study examined the relationship between implicit theories of intelligence and psychosocial competencies (measured as adaptability, general mood, intrapersonal skills, interpersonal skills, and stress management), the differences in these competencies between gifted students and nonidentified gifted students, and typologies of these variables among 81 gifted students in grades 6–8. Findings indicated that malleable beliefs about intelligence were related to adaptability, general mood, and to a small degree total emotional intelligence. Gifted students had higher scores on adaptability (d = .51) compared to a normative sample and lower scores on intrapersonal skills (d = −.30). Hierarchical cluster and discriminant function analyses yielded three distinct clusters indicating within-group differences, with Cluster 1 showing lowest scores on all measured scales. Findings imply how the interplay of psychosocial variables facilitates talent development.
Fan Cooling Investigation for High-Speed Electronic Interconnect

Abstract Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable-Double Density (QSFP-DD) is the smallest high-speed (>14 Tb/s) interconnect system and is widely used in cloud computing and 5G network. However, the high-speed feature comes at the cost of large power dissipation. The QSFP-DD system contributes 400 to 960 W per rack unit, which necessitates its thermal management. The authors, having identified a knowledge gap in the existing literature, humbly hope to pioneer a thermal-hydraulic study for QSFP-DD. The study starts with experiments in a wind tunnel wherein temperature, power, fan speed, and pressure are measured. The experimental data are used to validate computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models. Both lumped fan and multiple reference frame fan models have been studied with comparisons versus experimental data. Subsequently, the focus of CFD study is shifted to the QSFP-DD system’s thermal-hydraulic structures, including variation in fins’ height, quantity, and the grille free area ratio. Finally, the CFD results are processed into an empirical Nusselt number correlation for thermal performance prediction. The study reveals that optimum thermal performance could be achieved by balancing heat sink fin area and pressure drop of the system.
Deep inspiration breath hold in left sided tangential breast radiotherapy: Degree of lung inflation needed to compansate for cardiac motion

Background : To determine the degree of lung inflation sufficient to compensate for cardiac motion in patients receiving standard tangential left-breast radiotherapy during deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH). Materials and Methods : Computed tomography (CT) scans were performed in 20 patients with left-sided early breast cancer during free breathing (FB) and DIBH. Standard tangential field plans were generated in both CT sets. Doses to the organs at risk were assessed. The margin between the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and posterior field edge was measured from the closest point. Results : The DIBH plans showed equal coverage of the breasts, so it was possible to obtain lower cardiac doses with DIBH. The median increase in the left-lung volume with DIBH was 53% (range 12.6% - 108%). A LAD safety distance ≥ 5mm from field edges was not obtained in any of the patients during FB, whereas in 60% of the patients during DIBH the safety distance was obtained. The lung inflation rate and cardiac safety distance were strongly correlated. The mean distance between the LAD and tangential field posterior edge increased significantly from 0.23 cm to 0.64 cm (p=0.041) in the patients who inflated their ipsilateral lung > 1.5 times. Conclusion : Lung inflation of ≥50% compensated for cardiac motion during treatment using DIBH. The lung inflation capacity should be considered in choosing the irradiation technique in left-sided breast cancer patients.
Magnetic Materials’ Impact on Loss and Efficiency Profiles of Dual Stator Permanent Magnet Machine

Loss and efficiency profiles of dual stator permanent magnet machine with special reference to its magnetic materials are presented in this work. Maxwell-2D software is used in estimating the results. It is shown that machine that is equipped with rare-earth magnet would have better efficiency, however, with larger loss amplitude than its non-rare-earth ones. The investigated parameters are: Permanent magnet (PM) eddy current loss, core loss, total loss and efficiency. It is also shown that there is linear relationship between the machine’s speed and its output electromagnetic power. More so, high electrical conductivity value of a given magnet could aggravate its permanent magnet eddy current loss profile. The ferrite-made machine has the poorest efficiency amongst all; albeit, with the least loss profile. This is followed by the machine with alnico material.
Autochthonous antimicrobial microorganisms: application in wastewater treatment

In the previous two decades, people's lifestyles have changed as a result of industrialization, urbanization, and modernity, resulting in a rise in pollutants in daily sewage wastewater output. Less than half of the sewage generated is processed in a sewage treatment facility, while the remaining gets discharged into rivers untreated, deviating physio-chemical parameters of river water from the standards and thus causing harm to aquatic ecosystems. Sewage water contains autochthonous bacteria such as Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus sp. , Acinetobacter sp. and Rhodococcus sp that are effective in decontaminating wastewater. They employ a variety of mechanisms to consume pollutants, including biosorption, bioaccumulation and enzyme-mediated bioremediation, and thus can be used in bioremediation schemes. Bacteria possessing antimicrobial activity as well as protease production can be isolated from the wastewater and employed in the sewage treatment plant. The bacterial consortium has also been shown to be successful in wastewater treatment due to the synergistic degradation capabilities of the co- cultivated bacterial strains, which enhance the uptake rate of pollutants as nutrients. Environmental factors such as temperature, pH, oxygen, and nutrition availability at the site all affect the process outcome. The major focus of this review is to emphasize the bacterial capacity to clean wastewater as a single bacterial culture or as part of a bacterial consortium and the factor affecting the degradation process to achieve the requirement of a safer environment.
The Mineralization of Molluscan Shells: Some Unsolved Problems and Special Considerations

The field of biomineralization is an inspiration for human design across disciplines, e.g. biomimetic materials, environmental and biomedical treatments, etc. Having a coherent understanding of the basic science sets the pillars for these fields that will impact human welfare. Intensive studies lead to great progress in unraveling the molecular mechanism underlying molluscan shell formation, especially in the past three decades. However, some problems remain, and discrepancy exists in varied studies. In this review, we pay attention to some issues which have been overlooked and warranted more in-depth studies, and pointed out that considerations should be seriously taken when looking into the cellular and molecular events in shell formation. We first consider the evolution of shell mineralogy and organic matrix by emphasizing the great impact of sea water chemistry. Secondly, we discussed the recent progress on the shell matrix protein (SMP) characterization and pointed out environmental and physiological conditions should be taken into account when studying the SMP functions. Finally, we highlighted some ambiguous issues in the less studied mineralizing tissues and cells, and the underlying cellular control on shell formation. New researchers in this field should keep in mind that early geochemistry in vitro research has mostly failed to address the in vivo context of biomineralization in cells and tissues. Therefore, the more biologically relevant experiments are still needed for future research.
Development and Application of Transcription Terminators for Polyhydroxylkanoates Production in Halophilic Halomonas bluephagenesis TD01

Halomonas bluephagenesis TD01 is one of the ideal chassis for low-cost industrial production based on “Next Generation Industrial Biotechnology,” yet the limited genetically regulatory parts such as transcriptional terminators, which are crucial for tuned regulations on gene expression, have hampered the engineering and applications of the strain. In this study, a series of intrinsic Rho-independent terminators were developed by either genome mining or rational design, and seven of them proved to exhibit higher efficiencies than the canonical strong T7 terminator, among which three terminators displayed high efficiencies over 90%. A preliminary modeling on the sequence-efficiency relationship of the terminators suggested that the poly U sequence regularity, the length and GC content of the stem, and the number and the size of hairpin loops remarkably affected the termination efficiency (TE). The rational and de novo designs of novel synthetic terminators based on the sequence-efficiency relationship and the “main contributor” engineering strategy proved to be effective, and fine-tuned polyhydroxylkanoates production was also achieved by the regulation of these native or synthetic terminators with different efficiencies. Furthermore, a perfectly positive correlation between the promoter activity and the TE was revealed in our study. The study enriches our knowledge of transcriptional termination via its sequence–strength relationship and enables the precise regulation of gene expression and PHA synthesis by intrinsic terminators, contributing to the extensive applications of H. bluephagenesis TD01 in the low-cost production of various chemicals.
Free-Space Applications of Silicon Photonics: A Review

Silicon photonics has recently expanded its applications to delivering free-space emissions for detecting or manipulating external objects. The most notable example is the silicon optical phased array, which can steer a free-space beam to achieve a chip-scale solid-state LiDAR. Other examples include free-space optical communication, quantum photonics, imaging systems, and optogenetic probes. In contrast to the conventional optical system consisting of bulk optics, silicon photonics miniaturizes an optical system into a photonic chip with many functional waveguiding components. By leveraging the mature and monolithic CMOS process, silicon photonics enables high-volume production, scalability, reconfigurability, and parallelism. In this paper, we review the recent advances in beam steering technologies based on silicon photonics, including optical phased arrays, focal plane arrays, and dispersive grating diffraction. Various beam-shaping technologies for generating collimated, focused, Bessel, and vortex beams are also discussed. We conclude with an outlook of the promises and challenges for the free-space applications of silicon photonics.
Using DEMATEL Method to Develop Conceptual Model for Evaluating Green Suppliers

Nowadays stakeholders and public awareness have increased the pressure on companies for environmental issues. Thus, green supply chain management (GSCM) seems vital for companies' environmental compliance and business growth. Companies continuously seek novel ideas and methods, that can enable them to obtain and/or maintain environmental sustainability. Greening the supply chain is one such innovative idea that rapidly spreads in the industry. The traditional internal measures, such as performing waste-reduction strategies, installing pollution control technologies, substituting hazardous-materials with environmentally friendly ones, are becoming less important as companies strive to find more innovative solutions. Accordingly, the main objective of the present study is to find interrelationship among green supplier criteria. For this to happen, we investigated experts' opinions through nominal group technique (NGT) to find out the interrelationship and causal preferences of the green supplier evaluation aspects using Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method. A numerical example demonstrates the application of the proposed
Oral Palatability Testing of a Medium-Chain Triglyceride Oil Supplement (MCT) in a Cohort of Healthy Dogs in a Non-Clinical Setting

Simple Summary The palatability of functional foodsis significant l in therapy compliancewhen used as an adjunct in the management of health conditions such as epilepsy or dementia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the palatability and tolerance of an MCT oil as a dietary supplement in healthy dogs compared to a tasteless, purified control oil. An at-home single-bowl palatability test with three phases lasting five days eachto the usual base-diet, was conducted. The data were collected from nineteen healthy dogs. There was no difference found in the average food intake or intake-ratio between food with and without oil supplementation or between the two oil supplementation groups. In conclusion, MCT oil given as a short-term supplement is not only well tolerated but palatable in a healthy canine population, with only some changes to eating behaviour. Abstract The oral palatability of functional foods such as medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) play a crucial role in owner and patient compliance when used as an adjunct in the management of health conditions such as epilepsy. Despite the promising benefits, the palatability of MCT has not undergone a more recent evaluation in dogs. The aim of this study was to assess the palatability and tolerance of short-term, daily supplementation of a 10% metabolic energy based MCT oil volume compared to a tasteless control oil in healthy dogs. An at-home, randomized, double-blinded, controlled single-bowl palatability test with three five-days phases was conducted. Data were collected from nineteen healthy dogs via study visits, feeding diary and eating questionnaires. No difference in the average food intake or intake ratio between food with and without oil supplementation or between the two oil groups was found. The mean food intake time was longer under MCT. In conclusion, MCT oil given as a short-term supplement is well tolerated and palatable in a healthy canine population, with only some changes in eating behaviour. Our results support earlier evidence that MCT oil is a well-tolerated additive in the nutritional management of different diseases such as epilepsy or dementia in dogs.
Progress and Applications of Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria in Salt Tolerance of Crops

Saline soils are a major challenge in agriculture, and salinization is increasing worldwide due to climate change and destructive agricultural practices. Excessive amounts of salt in soils cause imbalances in ion distribution, physiological dehydration, and oxidative stress in plants. Breeding and genetic engineering methods to improve plant salt tolerance and the better use of saline soils are being explored; however, these approaches can take decades to accomplish. A shorter-term approach to improve plant salt tolerance is to be inoculated with bacteria with high salt tolerance or adjusting the balance of bacteria in the rhizosphere, including endosymbiotic bacteria (living in roots or forming a symbiont) and exosymbiotic bacteria (living on roots). Rhizosphere bacteria promote plant growth and alleviate salt stress by providing minerals (such as nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium) and hormones (including auxin, cytokinin, and abscisic acid) or by reducing ethylene production. Plant growth-promoting rhizosphere bacteria are a promising tool to restore agricultural lands and improve plant growth in saline soils. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of plant growth-promoting bacteria under salt stress and their applications for improving plant salt tolerance to provide a theoretical basis for further use in agricultural systems.
Quantum technology a tool for sequencing of the ratio DSS/DNA modifications for the development of new DNA-binding proteins

ABSTRACT The current study summarizes the literature on quantum-based structural sequencing methods and their predicted roles in the discovery of new DNA-binding protein domains. Although there is no literature yet showing the role of quantum structural sequencing for the discovery of new domains for DNA-binding proteins, the current study shows that the development of new quantum-based and far-from-equilibrium biological systems can be achieved by 3D-curved room-temperature superconductivity materials. The technology is useful for protein engineering and 3D sequencing of the ratio DNA/RNA secondary structures (DSS)/Physiological Modifications (PM) and will overcome the use of nanopore and ChiP sequencing. This approach is very useful for the protein engineering of recombinant enzymes for the unnatural replication of proteins and glycans for new biochemical activities, treatment of HIV and cancers, new genome editing machinery, artificial replication and translation, first sequencing of DSS/physiological modification/telomere with a correlation to cancer genesis and therapy, The key DSS in this study are: quadruplex, hairpin loop, triplexes and duplexes, i-motif, Holliday junction; and the PM investigated: 6 mA, 6fmA, 5mC, 5fC, 8-oxo-guanine. The DSS/PM ratio is critical for proto-oncogene activation and cancer genesis.