Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GIS INTEGRATION OF LAND COVER WITH NIGHT-TIME LIGHTS FOR SPATIOTEMPORAL EVALUATION OF URBAN EXPANSION

Abstract. Monitoring the urbanisation process requires accurate knowledge of the present and historical spatial extents of built-up area. Understanding the quantification of urban growth is a crucial component of urban and environmental planning. The current research is focussed on evaluating the spatiotemporal change evaluation of built-up area by using a combination Landsat 8 and NPP-VIIRS datasets with GIS integration. Firstly, spatial change analysis of the built-up area was done by employing the Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) classification methodology for the years 2014 and 2022. This was done using the Random Forest (RF) classifier within the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. Secondly, the change in built-up area was evaluated with respect to the NTL data. The night-time light (NTL) images detect artificial lights being radiated from cities at night. The NTL data was categorised into three classes and later used to categorise the built-up area into ‘core urban’, ‘peri-urban’ and ‘rural’. The proportion of 'core urban' pixels experienced substantial growth, increasing from 9.8% to 15.5% of the total pixels between 2014 and 2022. This represents a notable increase of 58.75%. Conversely, the 'peri-urban' pixels saw a smaller increase of 4.6%, while the 'rural' pixels witnessed a decline of 8.7%. The average built-up density of the 'core urban' area exhibited an increase from 0.385 in 2014 to 0.398 in 2022. These changes can be attributed to the progressive conversion of 'rural' pixels into 'peri-urban' areas, and subsequently, the transformation of 'peri-urban' areas into 'core urban' regions.
DAMPAK PERANG ISRAEL-HAMAS TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM DAN MINAT BELI MASYARAKAT PRODUK PENDUKUNG ISRAEL

The Israel-Hamas war became a public concern because of acts of violence and genocide in Palestine, public criticism paid special attention to share prices and people's interest in purchasing products supporting Israel. The research here aims to determine the decline in stock prices before the Israeli military aggression and after the military aggression, namely on September 1, 2023 and November 1, 2023. The research uses mixed methods because consists of quantitative and qualitative. Researchers used quantitative methods selected 30 companies from America, France, Germany, France, England and Switzerland whose products are popularly used by Indonesian people and competitors for local Indonesian products. The qualitative method was measured by distributing questionnaires using Google Form which is 60 selected respondents from generation Z and the Millennial generation in the city of Bandung by aged 25-35. The research results show that the Israel-Hamas war had an impact on decreasing stock prices. The Israel-Hamas war has an impact on interest in purchasing products who’s supporting Israel.
Academic achievement, creativity, multiple intelligences, and motivation in Iranian medical students

Exploring the relationship between academic achievement, creativity, multiple intelligences, and motivation among Iranian medical students can provide valuable insights into their educational experiences and inform the development of effective strategies to enhance learning outcomes. This study investigated the relationship among Iranian medical students through a correlational-descriptive design. Participants included all 200 BA-level students of Islamic Azad University, Iran. The Attitude/Motivation Test Battery (AMTB) in Persian, the Torrance Creative Thinking Test (TCTT) in Persian, and Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences Questionnaire in Persian were used to collect data. The university archived their grade point averages (GPAs) to determine students’ academic progress. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov Goodness-of-Fit Test, descriptive statistics, Pearson product-moment correlation tests, and independent samples t-tests were used to examine the acquired data. The data analysis revealed a significant correlation between Iranian EFL learners’ creativity, multiple intelligences, motivation, and academic success; creative learners outperformed non-creative learners in terms of academic achievement; extrinsic learners outperformed intrinsic learners in terms of academic achievement; the highest academic achievement was associated with the interpersonal intelligence profile, while the lowest academic achievement was associated with the intrinsic intelligence profile. The findings may provide insight to stakeholders in the field, such as curriculum planners, tutors, and policymakers, regarding the relationship between creativity, multiple intelligences, motivation, and academic achievement, as well as the importance of factoring this relationship into ELT program design.
Tentaclins—A Novel Family of Phage Receptor-Binding Proteins That Can Be Hypermutated by DGR Systems

Diversity-generating retroelements (DGRs) are prokaryotic systems providing rapid modification and adaptation of target proteins. In phages, the main targets of DGRs are receptor-binding proteins that are usually parts of tail structures and the variability of such host-recognizing structures enables phage adaptation to changes on the bacterial host surface. Sometimes, more than one target gene containing a hypermutated variable repeat (VR) can be found in phage DGRs. The role of mutagenesis of two functionally different genes is unclear. In this study, several phage genomes that contain DGRs with two target genes were found in the gut virome of healthy volunteers. Bioinformatics analysis of these genes indicated that they encode proteins with different topology; however, both proteins contain the C-type lectin (C-lec) domain with a hypermutated beta-hairpin on its surface. One of the target proteins belongs to a new family of proteins with a specific topology: N-terminal C-lec domain followed by one or more immunoglobulin domains. Proteins from the new family were named tentaclins after TENTACLe + proteIN. The genes encoding such proteins were found in the genomes of prophages and phages from the gut metagenomes. We hypothesized that tentaclins are involved in binding either to bacterial receptors or intestinal/immune cells.
The Success of Public Private Partnerships with Transparency and Accountability Principles

Harsh debates on the restructuring of public administration and the failures of states have continued for decades, Public Private Partnership (PPP) suggests a different function to the state as an application of the "New Public Management" approach, for solving some of these debates. Although PPP can be briefly defined as the provision of public services by the private sector, its complex relationship structure and risks behind this definition do likely make the model unsuccessful. In pursuit of the best model, international organizations and mechanisms, including the OECD, the UN, and the European Commission, have attempted to apply some models of successful examples, procedures, and laws. Some studies learning from faulty designs and experiences have focused on what should not be. As a result, the critical success factors seem to be the most proper tool to improve the PPP method. This study focuses on providing support information for countries trying to design and develop a PPP model. Afterward, it deals with the performance-measured PPP applications in the world in the context of transparency and accountability and reveals the significance of the principles of transparency and accountability in the success of the PPP model.
Preserving salience by maintaining perceptual differences for image creation and manipulation

Image creation is an attempt to record a scene for presentation to a viewer. However, there is a precarious mapping between how a scene would be perceived and how an image is perceived. For example, although the human visual system does not have a strong absolute sense of color or intensity, images are stored as a discrete set of color or intensity values at each pixel. The goal of this dissertation is to create perceptually salient images by more directly expressing perceived differences in scenes as displayed differences in images. This dissertation examines two methods of perceptual difference preservation for two long-standing problems: (1) a color to grayscale conversion algorithm that preserves all visible color changes through high-dimensional distance metrics; (2) hidden feature finding techniques that identify correspondences and mismatches between X-ray and visible light images of historically significant paintings through segmentation and local gradient statistics.
Investigation of High Latitude Ionospheric Irregularities utilizing Modeling and GPS Observations

Complex magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling mechanisms result in high latitude irregularities that are difficult to characterize. Until recently, the polar and auroral irregularities remained largely unexplored. Inadequate infrastructures to deploy and maintain advanced dual frequency Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers at high latitudes, especially in the Southern hemisphere, makes such an investigation a formidable task. Additionally, the complicated geometry of the magnetic field lines in these regions pose challenges in designing global scintillation models. This dissertation takes some steps towards bridging these gaps while advancing the state-of-the-art high latitude irregularity studies. In the first part of this dissertation, we briefly describe the Autonomous Adaptive LowPower Instrument Platforms (AAL-PIP) experimental setup. These space science instrument platforms are being deployed in remote locations in Antarctica, improving the coverage of GNSS data availability. We explain in detail the method developed for analyzing high rate (typically 50 Hz) data from a novel dual-frequency Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver called Connected Autonomous Space Environment Sensor (CASES). We also report first observations from CASES at high latitudes. From this study, we established that CASES can be reliably used as a science grade GPS scintillation monitor. Following this, a novel three dimensional (3D) electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation model called “Satellite-beacon Ionospheric-scintillation Global Model of the upper Atmosphere” (SIGMA) was developed to simulate GNSS scintillations on ground. GPS scintillation simulations of significantly high fidelity are now possible with this model. While the model is global, it is the first such model which accounts for the complicated geometry of magnetic field lines at high latitudes. Using SIGMA, a sensitivity study is presented to understand the effect of geographical, propagation and irregularity parameters on the phase scintillations. This allows us to reduce the dimensionality of the design space while solving the inverse problem described next. In the final part, we utilize the tools developed for GPS measurement analysis and SIGMA to characterize the high latitude irregularities. We propose an inverse modeling technique to derive irregularity parameters by comparing the high rate (50 Hz) GNSS observations to the modeled outputs. We consider interhemispheric high latitude datasets for this investigation. We also implement SIGMA for analyzing a substorm event observed by AAL-PIP stations. One of the unique contributions of this research is to demonstrate that such an inverse modeling technique can form a basis in the investigation of the ionospheric irregularities. Moreover, availability of ample auxiliary data from multi-instrument observations can assist in this quest of understanding the physics of high latitude irregularities and their generation mechanisms. To my better half, Mandar.
ANALISIS VISUAL PADA KEMASAN DANISH MONDE EGG DROP BISCUIT DENGAN TEORI SEMIOTIKA

Globalization makes it easier for imported products to be found in Indonesia and local companies to produce a variety of products. This makes consumers face many choices when shopping for products. One way for brands to attract consumers attention and differentiate their products from competitors’ products is to use an effective packaging design. Not only that, the country of origin of a product also influences consumer perceptions of a product. The tendency of a local brand to use foreign visuals, especially European, to sell a good quality product makes European values and visuals a role model for quality and supports the view that local products are not as good as western products. One of the packages in Indonesia that uses visuals that give the impression that it came from Europe is Danish Monde Egg Drop Biscuit. This research was conducted to find out what perceptions consumers get about these products in order to
Reflex Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Type 1 RNA Testing Enables Timely Differentiation of False-Positive Results From Acute HIV Infection

Abstract Accurate, timely human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnosis is critical. Routine HIV screening program data were examined before and after reflex HIV type 1 RNA testing. Reflex testing facilitated confirmation of reactive HIV screening assays (as true or false positives) (odds ratio, 23.7 [95% confidence interval, 6.7–83.4]; P < .0001), improving detection of acute HIV and reducing unconfirmed discordant results.
A simple and rapid spectrophotometric method for the determination of trans-chalcone in raw-material and topical formulation

Trans-chalcone (TC) is a flavonoid precursor characterized by a wide spectrum of action, with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, no validated methods are available in official compendia for the analysis of this substance. Thus, the aim of this work was to develop and validate a simple, fast, and reproducible spectrophotometric method for the analysis of TC in raw material, and in topical pharmaceutical formulation containing TC. The established conditions were: methanol as extracting solvent, and detection wavelength of 309 nm by UV spectrophotometer. All tests followed the rules of Resolution RDC 166, 2017. The proposed method was selective. Linearity was demonstrated in the concentration range of 1 to 8 μg/mL (r = 0.999). Repeatability and intermediate precision were confirmed by low relative standard deviation values of 1.53% and 2.70% for TC, and of 1.73% and 2.91% for formulation containing TC. Accuracy, evaluated through recovery test, was adequate, with minimum of 98.24% and maximum of 100.23% of recovery. It was observed that the small deliberate modifications done did not interfere with the results, demonstrating the method is robust. The results showed that the method was considered suitable for the intended purpose, inexpensive, easy to apply, selective, linear, precise, accurate, and robust for the determination TC, and pharmaceutical formulation containing TC. Thus, the method developed satisfies the need for an analytical method for the determination of TC, and topical formulation containing TC, being effective, innovative and able to aid in the development of the pharmaceutical field.
A study of comparison of outcomes of positive pressure ventilation and face mask oxygen on arterial blood gas parameters in children with congestive heart failure

Aims and objective. To compare the effects of Positive Pressure Ventilation (PPV) and Face Mask oxygen on arterial blood gas (ABG) parameters in children with congestive heart failure. Materials and methods. A prospective, randomized, single-blind, cross-sectional study was undertaken in eastern India’s Dr. B.C. Roy Post Graduate Institute of Pediatric Sciences PICU. From December 2014 to June 2016, single-blind randomization was used to diagnose congestive heart failure in children aged 3 months to 12 years. Results. Patients receiving face mask oxygen had a mean pH of 7.2150, while those receiving NIV had a mean pH of 7.2740 (P value = 0.012, <0.05). After 6 hours, the pH improved more in the NIV group (mean pH = 7.3023) than the face mask oxygen group (mean pH = 7.2503), P value = 0.003 (<0.05). The group receiving face mask oxygen had a mean pCO2 of 54.93 at the start of the study, while the NIV group had 52.83 (P value = 0.395, >0.05). The baseline pCO2 values of the two groups were similar. After 1-2 hours of investigation, the face mask oxygen group had a mean pCO2 of 53.50, whereas the NIV group had 47.77, with a P value of 0.008 (<0.05). After 4-6 hours, the face mask oxygen group had a mean pCO2 of 50.90, while the NIV group had 46.77, with a P value of 0.001 (<0.05). Conclusion. After 6 hours of therapy, NIV improved mean pH more than face mask oxygen. NIV ventilation improved pCO2 readings more than face mask oxygen after 2 hours. The mean pCO2 drop over 4-6 hours in the NIV group was greater than in the face mask oxygen group.
Case report of a family with hereditary inclusion body myopathy with VCP gene variant and literature review

Background Missense VCP gene variants lead to a disruption in protein homeostasis causing a spectrum of progressive degenerative diseases. Myopathy is the most frequent manifestation characterized by slowly progressing weakness of proximal and distal limb muscles. We present a family with myopathy due to c.277C > T variant in VCP gene. Case presentation The patient‘s phenotype includes symmetrical muscle wasting and weakness in the proximal parts of the limbs and axial muscles, a wide based gait, lordotic posture, positive Gowers’ sign, mild calf enlargement, impaired mobility, elevated CK, and myopathy in proximal limb muscles. Whole body MRI revealed fatty replacement, predominantly affecting right vastus intermedius and medialis, gastrocnemius and soleus in calf, abdomen wall and lumbar muscles. Next-generation sequencing analysis revealed a pathogenic heterozygous variant c.277C > T (p.(Arg93Cys)) in exon 3 of the VCP gene. Segregation analysis showed that the detected variant is inherited from the affected father who developed symptoms at 60. Conclusion The patients described experienced muscle wasting and weakness in the proximal and distal parts of the limbs which is a common finding in VCP related disease. Nevertheless, the patient has distinguishing features, such as high CK levels, early onset of the disease, and rapid mobility decline.
Largescale Dinosaur Footprints of Sauropod from Yanguoxia, Yongjing County, Gansu Province

There are a lot of dinosaur footprints in the Early Cretaceous from Yanguoxia, Yongjing County, Gansu Province. Ten track sites about 293 footprints within 2 km 2 area in Yanguoxia are discovered at present, three of which are being unearthed. Among all the sites, the footprints in site 1 are best preserved, where 212 footprints are found and arranged in 18 trackways or footprint groups within about 600 m 2, consisting of 138 sauropod footprints, forming 4 well preserved trackways and 3 footprint groups, 60 theropod footprints from 9 trackways, 3 ornithopod footprints from 1 trackways and 8 pterosaur footprints from 1 trackways. The largest sauropod footprint is 69 cm×112 cm in manus and 150 cm×142 cm in pes. It is suggested that it is one of the largest sauropod footprints in scale in the world. In view of their morphology, they can be divided into three types. The first is crescentic outline of manus and elliptical outline of pes, in which the footprints in manus and in pes are not coincident and rotate outward. The second is semicircular outline of manus and elliptical outline of pes, in which the footprints in manus and in pes are partly coincident and rotate outward. The third is semicircular outline of manus and broadly U shaped outline of pes, in which the footprints in manus and in pes separate obviously and rotate outward. A sauropod footprint with a positive rotation is related to huge weight of the sauropod dinosaur. On the basis of calculation, the hip height of dinosaur is from 3.04 m to 5.3 m, and speed is about 2.3-3.4 km/h. Analysis of Cretaceous environment and paleogeography indicates that Gansu Lanzhou Qinghai Minghe would be a freshwater lake basin of midland. The footprints of Yanguoxia were found on the western bank of the "Wusushan isolated paleo island" nearest of the center of the lake. It was not humid in Cretaceous, but near the bank there was abundant grass and water, which could have been a paradise for dinosaur and the other terrigenous animals.
Perceived Social Support, Quality of Life, and Anxiety of Child Birth among Primigravida Women

Background : Anxiety about childbirth among primigravida women has a negative effect on the quality of life of pregnant women. Perceived social support plays a vital role in improving the psychological well-being of pregnant women by enhancing women's ability to cope with stressful situations. Purpose : To assess perceived social support, quality of life, and anxiety about childbirth among primigravida women. Design : cross-sectional research Sample : A purposeful sample consisting of 74 pregnant women Setting : Outpatient maternity clinics at El-Manial Hospital, Cairo University. Tools : Sociodemographic Data Sheet, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Pregnant Women's Anxiety of Childbirth Questionnaire, Quality of Life Questionnaire Results : The mean age of the study sample was M±SD=21.9±3.7 years, less than half (48.6%) had secondary education, while few (5.4%) of them were illiterate. The majority were housewives (73.0%), reported a low income (81.1%(and living in rural areas ( 55.4 %). Regarding the correlation matrix of the studied variables, there are highly negative significant correlations between perceived social support and anxiety of childbirth among the primigravida women at (r = - 0.41 and p= 0.00*) and there is a highly significant correlation between perceived social support and quality of life at (r= 0.34 and p= 0.002*). While there is no significant correlation between anxiety about childbirth and quality of life among primigravida women. Conclusion : The majority of the studied sample had a moderate level of perceived social support and quality of life. All of the studied samples had a high level of anxiety about childbirth. There were highly negative and significant correlations between perceived social support and anxiety about childbirth among primigravida women, and there is a highly significant correlation between perceived social support and quality of life. Recommendation : Establish educational centers and hotlines for increasing family awareness about the importance of social support and quality of life for pregnant women
Targeting Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Channels, Mas-Related G-Protein-Coupled Receptors (Mrgprs), and Protease-Activated Receptors (PARs) to Relieve Itch

Itch (pruritus) is a sensation in the skin that provokes the desire to scratch. The sensation of itch is mediated through a subclass of primary afferent sensory neurons, termed pruriceptors, which express molecular receptors that are activated by itch-evoking ligands. Also expressed in pruriceptors are several types of Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels. TRP channels are a diverse class of cation channels that are responsive to various somatosensory stimuli like touch, pain, itch, and temperature. In pruriceptors, TRP channels can be activated through intracellular signaling cascades initiated by pruritogen receptors and underly neuronal activation. In this review, we discuss the role of TRP channels TRPA1, TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV3, TRPV4, TRPM8, and TRPC3/4 in acute and chronic pruritus. Since these channels often mediate itch in association with pruritogen receptors, we also discuss Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptors (Mrgprs) and protease-activated receptors (PARs). Additionally, we cover the exciting therapeutic targets amongst the TRP family, as well as Mrgprs and PARs for the treatment of pruritus.