Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A diastolic dysfunction model in non-human primates with transverse aortic constriction

Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) has been widely used to study cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, diastolic dysfunction, and heart failure in rodents. Few studies have been reported in preclinical animal models. The similar physiology and anatomy between non-human primates (NHPs) and humans make NHPs valuable models for disease modeling and testing of drugs and devices. In the current study, we aimed to establish a TAC model in NHPs and characterize the structural and functional profiles of the heart after TAC. A non-absorbable suture was placed around the aorta between the brachiocephalic artery and left common carotid artery to create TAC. NHPs were divided into 2 groups according to pressure gradient (PG): the Mild Group (PG=31.01 ± 12.40 mmHg, n=3) and the Moderate Group (PG=53.00 ± 9.37 mmHg, n=4). At 4 weeks after TAC, animals in both TAC groups developed cardiac hypertrophy: enlarged myocytes and increased wall thickness of the left ventricular (LV) anterior wall. Although both TAC groups had normal systolic function that was similar to a Sham Group, the Moderate Group showed diastolic dysfunction that was associated with more severe cardiac fibrosis, as evidenced by a reduced A wave velocity, large E wave velocity/A wave velocity ratio, and short isovolumic relaxation time corrected by heart rate. Furthermore, no LV arrhythmia was observed in either animal group after TAC. A diastolic dysfunction model with cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis was successfully developed in NHPs.
A radiation therapist’s guide to health literacy: A narrative review

Radiation therapist (RT) communication plays an essential part of patient‐centred care in achieving better patient outcomes within radiation oncology. Patients present from a range of social circumstances, education levels and cultural backgrounds, all of which may significantly impact their level of health literacy (HL). Using literature sourced from databases such as EMCare Nursing & Allied Health Database, MEDLINE(R) and APA PsycInfo, this narrative review explores HL definitions, international comparison rates and indications of individual low HL. It also reviews HL assessments as well as exploring enablers and barriers to HL from the RT perspective. Strategies from both the individual or organisational perspective are provided for RTs to begin or continue their HL interest. By educating the radiation therapy profession about health literacy and making small changes in interpersonal interactions, there is the opportunity to impact patients’ experiences and outcomes significantly.
Antidiabetic activities of Bolanthus spergulifolius (Caryophyllaceae) extracts on insulin-resistant 3T3-L1 adipocytes

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder with chronic hyperglycemia featured by metabolic outcomes owing to insufficient insulin secretion and/or insulin effect defect. It is critical to investigate new therapeutic approaches for T2DM and alternative, natural agents that target molecules in potential signal pathways. Medicinal plants are significant resources in the research of alternative new drug active ingredients. Bolanthus spergulifolius (B. spergulifolius) is one of the genera of the family Caryophyllaceae. In this study, it was explored the potential anti-diabetic effects in vitro of B. spergulifolius extracts on 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The total phenolic contents (TPC) of methanolic (MeOH), ethyl acettate (EA) and aqueous extracts of B. spergulifolius were evaluated via Folin-Ciocateau. B. spergulifolius extracts showing highly TPC (Aqueous< MeOH< EA) and their different concentrations were carried out on preadipocytes differentiated in to mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes to investigate their half-maximal (50%) inhibitory concentration (IC50) value by using Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The IC50 of MeOH, EA and Aqueous extracts were observed as 305.7 ± 5.583 μg/mL, 567.4 ± 3.008 μg/mL, and 418.3 ± 4.390 μg/mL and used for further experiments. A live/dead assay further confirmed the cytotoxic effects of MeOH, EA and Aqueous extracts (respectively, 69.75 ± 1.70%, 61.75 ± 1.70%, 70 ± 4.24%, and for all p< 0.05). Also, effects of extracts on lipid accumulation in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes were evaluated by Oil-Red O staining assay. The extracts effectively decreased lipid-accumulation compared to untreated adipocytes (for all p< 0.05). Moreover, effect of extracts on apoptosis regulated by the Bax and Bcl-2 was investigated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The extracts significantly induced apoptosis by up-regulating pro-apoptotic Bax expression but down-regulated anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 gene expression compared to untreated adipocytes (for all p< 0.05). The Glut-4 expression linked with insulin resistance was determined by qRT-PCR, Western-blot analysis, and immunofluorescence staining. In parallel, the expression of Glut-4 in adipocytes treated with extracts was significantly higher compared to untreated adipocytes (for all p< 0.05). Extracts significantly suppressed cell migration after 30 h of wounding in a scratch-assay (for all p< 0.05). Cell morphology and diameter were further evaluated by phase-contrast microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Immunofluorescence with F-Actin and Giemsa staining. The adipocytes treated with extracts partially lost spherical morphology and showed smaller cell-diameter compared to untreated adipocytes (for all p< 0.05). In conclusion, these results suggest that extracts of B. spergulifolius cause to an induce apoptosis, decrease lipid-accumulation, wound healing, up-regulating Glut-4 level and might contribute to reducing of insulin-resistance in DM.
Muscle proton T2 relaxation times and work during repetitive maximal voluntary exercise

We studied the effects of progressive maximal voluntary handgrip contractions (MVCs) on muscle proton spin-spin (T2) relaxation times and work, measured as the integrated force vs. time curve (FTI). Six healthy volunteers performed 10, 20, 40, and 80 MVCs in a 0.35-T magnet on four separate occasions. Repeated measures analyses of variance of increases in T2 and FTI during successive bouts were significant (P < 0.005 and P < 0.001, respectively). FTI increased with successive bouts to a greater extent than did muscle T2 (P < 0.05). For T2, the Helmert contrast judged the 10-MVC response lower than the mean of the remaining responses (P < 0.005), and the differences between all others compared with the means of subsequent responses were not significant, indicating a “flattening” of the T2 response after the increase from 10 to 20 repetitions. For FTI, all the single degree of freedom Helmert contrasts were significant (P < 0.001), indicating a continual increase in response over increased MVCs. The curved .
Chemical speciation of cadmium and lead and their bioavailability to cole (Brassica campestris L.) from multi-metals contaminated soil in northwestern China

Abstract A pot experiment was conducted to study the relationship between speciation distribution of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) and their availability to cole (Brassica campestris L.) grown on the Cd–Pb polluted soil in northwest of China. The results showed that Cd in the unpolluted soil was mainly bound to carbonate fraction (F2) and Fe–Mn oxide fraction (F3), and Pb was mainly bound to carbonate fraction (F2) and residual fraction (F5). However, marked change of Cd and Pb fractionation was observed with increasing soil Cd and Pb concentrations, where the concentrations of Cd in F1 (exchangeable fraction), F2 and F3 increased significantly (p < 0.001 for F1, F2 and F3), and Pb in F1, F2, F3 and F4 increased significantly (p < 0.001 for F1, F2, F3 and F4). The correlation analysis between the fraction distribution coefficient of Cd and Pb in the soil and Cd and Pb concentration accumulated in cole showed that both Cd and Pb in F1 fraction in the soil made the greatest contribution on the accumulation of Cd and Pb in cole. Higher bio-concentration factors (BCFs) and translocation factors (TFs) for Cd and lower BCFs and TFs for Pb were observed in the cole, respectively. Cd had higher accumulation in the edible parts of the cole, but Pb had lower accumulation in that. Therefore, Cd has higher risk to human health than Pb when people eat the coles grown in Cd–Pb polluted soil in northwestern China.
Computational Nanosatellite Constellations

As rocket launch cadences increase, access to space rises dramatically - setting the stage for the next space industry surge. New, smaller, and less expensive satellites - now "nanosatellites" - can be deployed en masse to form constellations of hundreds, thousands, or even tens of thousands of devices [27, 40, 41, 16, 17, 18, 43]. A constellation of nanosatellites equipped with sensors (e.g., visual or hyperspectral cameras, particle detectors, or magnetometers) and radios provides a first-time opportunity for orbital swarm sensing to synthesize data from the unique vantage point of low-Earth orbit (LEO).
Towards understanding end-to-end learning in the context of data: machine learning dancing over semirings & Codd's table

Recent advances in machine learning (ML) systems have made it incredibly easier to train ML models given a training set. However, our understanding of the behavior of the model training process has not been improving at the same pace. Consequently, a number of key questions remain: How can we systematically assign importance or value to training data with respect to the utility of the trained models, may it be accuracy, fairness, or robustness? How does noise in the training data, either injected by noisy data acquisition processes or adversarial parties, have an impact on the trained models? How can we find the right data that can be cleaned and labeled to improve the utility of the trained models? Just when we start to understand these important questions for ML models in isolation recently, we now have to face the reality that most real-world ML applications are way more complex than a single ML model. In this article---an extended abstract for an invited talk at the DEEM workshop---we will discuss our current efforts in revisiting these questions for an end-to-end ML pipeline, which consists of a noise model for data and a feature extraction pipeline, followed by the training of an ML model. In our opinion, this poses a unique challenge on the joint analysis of data processing and learning. Although we will describe some of our recent results towards understanding this interesting problem, this article is more of a "confession" on our technical struggles and a "cry for help" to our data management community.
NNCompare: a framework for dataset selection, data augmentation and comparison of different neural networks for medical image analysis

In our institute we capture a variety of medical image data - in particular, microscopy data for the use case of bronchoconstriction. In order to alleviate the manual intervention for the image analysis, we developed a comprehensive data analysis pipeline that automates the image preprocessing, data augmentation, as well as neural network training and deployment with a web-based user interface. We evaluate the pipeline on a real-world medical image dataset and comparatively analyze the performance of four different neural network architectures.
A note on milk intake of piglets measured by tritium dilution

The milk intake of two litters of suckling piglets was measured by the turnover of tritium-labelled body water. The estimated intakes of a litter of seven piglets agree with the current knowledge of milk yield from sows, which generally rises to a maximum at the 3rd week and then declines. With a litter of four, intake rose continuously from the 1st to the 6th week. Since piglets are often weaned at 3 weeks of age, this method has few disadvantages n i practical use. During the estimation of water turnover the total body water of individual piglets can also be obtained so that information on body composition (solids, protein, fat and ash) can be derived. The efficiency of conversion of milk by piglets can thus be calculated.
Establishing safety huddles on a general adult acute psychiatric ward: staff's views and relation with restrictive practice

Aims To establish Safety Huddles (SH) on an acute general adult psychiatric ward, exploring links to restrictive practice. Additionally, to obtain multidisciplinary staff feedback on SH's impact on their workload/wellbeing and on patient care, and to identify barriers in implementation. Background: A SH is a multidisciplinary daily briefing focused on patients most at risk, held at a fixed time and place, lasting max 5-10 minutes. Effective SH involve agreed actions, are informed by multidisciplinary staff feedback of data and provide the opportunity to appreciate and celebrate success in reducing harm. SH are a valuable team building activity, promoting situational awareness and helping with prioritising daily tasks. Method SH were introduced on September 2020. Templates were developed to prompt staff how to facilitate. Staff were encouraged to identify key goals and reflect on issues in the last and next 24 hours. Each participant was allocated a role, e.g. record keeping or dissemination of information. In December 2020, records of incidence of restrictive practice (numbers of restraints, seclusions and rapid tranquilisations) were obtained for the periods June-August 2020 and September-November 2020. Additionally, staff feedback was obtained through a short anonymous Survey Monkey questionnaire. It explored whether SH had an effect on patient care and staff's workload/wellbeing, and possible barriers to implementation. Result Comparing the two 3-month periods before and after SH implementation, restraint episodes were reduced from 47 to 21, seclusion episodes from 19 to 2, and rapid tranquilisation episodes from 10 to 3. Nine staff members responded to the feedback questionnaire. All believed SH had a positive impact on patient care, or had the potential to do so. Staff reported SH gave them insight into incidents, made them feel safer and prepared for the day, played a part in reducing restrictive practice, and empowered staff from all professional backgrounds by giving them a voice. Low or late participation, cancellation of SH because of clinical activity, and vague questions in the meeting template were identified as barriers in implementation. Conclusion Acute psychiatric wards regularly face challenges of high clinical activity, low staffing levels, bed pressures, and high-risk patient cohorts. SH contributed to reducing restrictive practice and creating a safer and more positive work environment. It is important to ensure SH are taking place daily, using an appropriate template to guide staff who may be new to facilitating. Accordingly, the impact on restrictive practice, patient care and staff wellbeing can be sustained long-term.
Using SBAR in psychiatry: findings from two london hospitals

Aims We aimed to evaluate the use of the Situation, Background, Assessment and Recommendation communication tool (SBAR) at two large psychiatric hospitals, in order to design new approaches to teach and reinforce its sustained use. In doing so we hope to improve communication, staff experience and outcomes for patients. We hypothesised that use prior to intervention would be low and attitudes inconsistent between teams and objective data. Background SBAR is a communication tool developed to accurately refer information with improved outcomes within the NHS. Within psychiatry there is evidence of relatively poor care of medical problems leading to adverse outcomes in a group more susceptible to multiple physical illnesses. The reasons for this include a cultural ethos of learned helplessness in staff and lack of medical knowledge. The use of SBAR is likely to overcome these issues. Method Surveys were presented to doctors and nurses staff at two Psychiatric Hospitals, Chase Farm and Edgeware. Inclusion in the survey was voluntary and anonymous. Questions elucidated topics ranging from awareness of SBAR through to its use and benefits. Objective data were also collected, looking at handover gathered during the survey period. This was collected via phone from the duty physician over a five-day period, twice-daily. Qualitative data on handover content was collected at CFH. Audit standards around knowledge, use and outcomes were set. Data were collected and analysed in house. Result The data (n23) showed that most nurses reported awareness (86.96%) ease of use (86.96%) actual use (60.87%) efficacy in communication (78.26%) value in understanding patients (78.26%) and agreement with mandatory use (78.26%.) Doctor reports (n14) showed that although 100% were aware of SBAR, no respondents thought nurse-led communication was adequate, or that SBAR was used. The majority thought that mandatory SBAR use would improve communication (92.86%) and patient care (100%) Objective data (pooled) of referrals showed that on 6.52% used SBAR. Qualitative data showed that handover was often inaccurate, lacking in information and unsafe. Suggestions for teaching included written or video media, or taught classes. All audit standards were failed. Conclusion SBAR is an effective tool for improving communication and patient outcomes, and is well perceived by the MDT. However, it is poorly used with psychiatry leading to adverse outcomes. Reported use is undermined by objective data. Its mandatory use is well supported and new teaching initiatives are thus being designed to remedy this and improve client experience.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder: does CBT with exposure and response (ERP) prevention work?

Aims Since the 1970s treatment for obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) has consisted of the the application of drugs acting on the serotonin system of the brain or psychological treatments using graded exposure. Although there is a large number of studies on psychological treatments, they often are underpowered. Other major methodological issues include ignoring the effects of medication during the trial, using a variety of techniques and using waiting list data as controls. We decided to systematically review and perform a meta-analysis on randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of CBT with ERP (abbreviated to ERP)1. Method The study was preregistered in PROSPERO (CRD42019122311). RCTs incorporating ERP were examined. The primary outcome was the end-of-trial symptoms scores for OCD. In addition, factors which may have influenced the outcome including patient-related factors, type of control intervention, researcher allegiance and other potential forms of bias were examined. The moderating effects of patient-related and study-related factors including type of control intervention and risk of bias were also examined. Result Overall, 36 studies were included in the analyses, involving 537 children/adolescents and 1483 adults (total 2020 subjects). A total of 1005 received ERP and the remainder a variety of control treatments. Initial results showed that ERP had a large effect size compared with placebo treatments. This was more marked in younger than older persons. However, whereas ERP was markedly more effective than waiting list or psychological control, this positive effect size disappeared when it was compared with other psychological treatments. When ERP was compared against psychopharmacological treatment it initially appeared significantly superior but this reduced to marginal benefit when compared with adequate doses of appropriate medication. The majority of studies were performed where there may be expected to be researcher allegiance to ERP and in these studies the effect size was large. In contrast, in the 8 studies considered to have low risk of researcher bias, ERP was found to be ineffective. Conclusion Although on initial sight CBT incorporating ERP seems to be highly efficacious in the treatment of OCD, further analysis revealed that this varied depending on the choice of comparator control. In addition there are considerable concerns about methodological rigour and reporting of studies using CBT with ERP. Further studies examining the role of researcher bias and allegiance are needed. Ref : 1 Jemma E Reid, Keith R Laws, Lynne Drummond, Matteo Vismara, Benedetta Grancini , Davis Mpavaenda, Naomi A Fineberg (2021) Cognitive Behavioural Therapy with Exposure and Response Prevention in the treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Comprehensive Psychiatry , in press.
Please Like This Paper

Abstract In this paper I offer a philosophical analysis of the act of ‘liking’ a post on social media. First, I consider what it means to ‘like’ something. I argue that ‘liking’ is best understood as a phatic gesture; it signals uptake and anoints the poster’s positive face. Next, I consider how best to theorise the power that comes with amassing many ‘likes’. I suggest that ‘like’ tallies alongside posts institute and record a form of digital social capital. Finally, I consider whether ‘likes’ have ultimately improved online discourse. I argue that while the ‘liking’ function itself is relatively innocuous, public ‘like’ tallies introduce a corrosive motivation to online communication. By making the prospect of increased social capital perpetually salient to us, they encourage us to prioritise high levels of engagement over meaningful engagement.
Mindfulness and eudaimonic well-being: the mediating roles of rumination and emotion dysregulation

Abstract Mindfulness has been widely studied in Western psychology for reducing psychological distress. However, several scholars noted that in the East, where the concept originated, mindfulness may be understood differently. In Eastern cultures such as Thailand, mindfulness is not only employed to deal with suffering but also to promote well-being. To the best of our knowledge, no studies have been undertaken to evaluate the relationship between traditional mindfulness and eudaimonic well-being in Eastern contexts. In the present study, we investigated the relationships between mindfulness and eudaimonic well-being in Thai contexts. We also explored the mediating roles of rumination and emotion dysregulation on this relationship. Data were collected from 312 Thai undergraduates who completed a measure of Eudaimonic Well-Being, the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory, the Rumination–Reflection Questionnaire, and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Results largely supported our hypotheses. Mindfulness was found to have a positive and direct association with eudaimonic well-being. Rumination and emotion dysregulation partially mediated this association. Additionally, both rumination and emotion dysregulation had negative and direct association with eudaimonic well-being. The findings highlight the positive influences of mindfulness on well-being. The benefits of mindfulness for improvement of eudaimonic well-being through reducing rumination and emotion dysfunction are discussed.