Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
{332}<113> and {112}<111> Twin Variant Activation during Cold-Rolling of a Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta-Sn-Fe Alloy

Deformation twinning is a phenomenon that causes local shear strain concentrations, with the material either experiencing elongation (and thus a tensile stress) or contraction (compressive stress) along the stress directions. Thus, in order to gauge the performance of the alloy better, it is imperative to predict the activation of twinning systems successfully. The present study investigates the effects of deformation by cold-rolling on the {332}<113> and {112}<111> twin variant activation in a Ti-30Nb-12Zr-5Ta-2Sn-1.25Fe (wt.%) (TNZTSF) alloy. The Ti-30Nb-12Zr-5Ta-2Sn-1.25Fe (wt.%) alloy was synthesized in a cold crucible induction levitation furnace, under an argon-controlled atmosphere, using high-purity elemental components. The TNZTSF alloy was cold-deformed by rolling, in one single step, with a total deformation degree (thickness reduction) of ε ≈ 1% (CR 1), ε ≈ 3% (CR 3), and ε ≈ 15% (CR 15). The microstructural investigations were carried out with the SEM-EBSD technique in order to determine the grain morphology, grain-size distribution, crystallographic orientation, accumulated strain-stress fields and Schmid Factor (SF) analysis, all necessary to identify the active twin variants. The EBSD data were processed using an MTEX Toolbox ver. 5.7. 0 software package. The results indicated that the TNZTSF alloy’s initial microstructure consists of a homogeneous β-Ti single phase that exhibits equiaxed polyhedral grains and an average grain-size close to 71 μm. It was shown that even starting with a 1% total deformation degree, the microstructure shows the presence of the {332}<113> twinning ((233)[3¯11] active twin variant; Schmit factor SF = −0.487); at a 3% total deformation degree, one can notice the presence of primary and secondary twin variants within the same grain belonging to the same {332}<113> twinning system ((323¯)[13¯1¯] primary twin variant—SF = −0.460; (233¯)[3¯11¯] secondary twin variant—SF = −0.451), while, at a 15% total deformation degree, besides the {332}<113> twinning system, one can notice the activation of the {112}<111> twinning system ((11¯2)[1¯11] active twin variant—SF = −0.440). This study shows the {332}<113> and {112}<111> twinning variant activation during cold-deformation by rolling in the case of a Ti-30Nb-12Zr-5Ta-2Sn-1.25Fe (wt.%) (TNZTSF) alloy.
The Theil–Sen estimator in a measurement error perspective

In a simple measurement error regression model, the classical least squares estimator of the slope parameter consistently estimates a discounted slope, though sans normality, some other properties may not hold. It is shown that for a broader class of error distributions, the Theil-Sen estimator, albeit nonlinear, is a median-unbiased, consistent and robust estimator of the same discounted parameter. For a general class of nonlinear (including R−,M− and L− estimators), study of asymptotic properties is greatly facilitated by using some uniform asymptotic linearity results, which are, in turn, based on conti- guity of probability measures. This contiguity is established in a measurement error model under broader distributional assumptions. Some asymptotic prop- erties of the Theil-Sen estimator are studied under slightly different regularity conditions in a direct way bypassing the contiguity approach.
Nonlinear dimensionality reduction of gene expression data

Using microarray measurements techniques, it is possible to measure the activity of genes simultaneously across the whole genome. Since genes influence each others activity levels through complex regulatory networks, such gene expression measurements are state samples of a dynamical system. Gene expression data has proven useful for diagnosis and definition of disease subgroups, for inference of the functional role of a given gene or for the deciphering of complex disease mechanisms. However, the extraction of meaning from data sets of such size and complexity needs to be aided by computational methods. Dimensionality reduction methods represent high-dimensional data as point configurations in lower-dimensional space in a way that optimally preserves geometrical or statistical properties. Nonlinear dimensionality reduction takes into account that data may be sampled from a general Riemannian manifold and attempts to uncover its intrinsic geometry. This thesis deals with the application of spectral methods of nonlinear dimensionality reduction to gene expression data. It is demonstrated that nonlinear dimensionality reduction often yields more biologically relevant lower-dimensional representations compared with linear methods. A method for robust estimation of geodesic distances is further proposed. (Less)
A multi-method approach to measurement of respiratory system mechanics

A multi-method system developed for complex investigations of lung mechanics is described. The system includes complementary measurement techniques such as forced oscillations, interrupter technique, methods for measurement of pulmonary mechanics during artificial ventilation and spirometry. These techniques are completed by computational models enabling an analysis of the relation between the lung structure, function, pathology and measurement results. This set-up is a first step towards a new-quality approach to research into the respiratory system via multi-method fusion. Keywords: pulmonary mechanics, forced oscillations, mechanical ventilation, interrupter technique, spirometry, computational model, multi-method fusion
Weak KAM Theorem in Lagrangian Dynamics

The circuits described herein are particularly applicable to organs using multiple pitch divider type note generators that are implemented in LS1 form, since one of the aims of the improvements is to reduce the pin count of the LSI chips required in these organs. One such circuit is a synchronizing system used to phase corresponding notes generated in different chips over a single multiplexed buss. Another multiplexed buss is used to identify the lowest octave in use for each note of the chromatic scale. A new touch response circuit employs a digital to analog converter to eliminate the need for capacitors used in previously described fully analog type circuits thereby eliminating many pins. This circuit furthermore enables a superior relation of key velocity to signal level to be obtained which makes practical a wider dynamic gradation of sound. A new digital mechanization of the debounce filters used to overcome chatter of the keyboard contacts eliminates the need for filter capacitors previously employed, thereby saving many pin connections. A new keyer circuit synthesizes sine waves with fewer high value resistors, eliminates the need for filter capacitors to prevent cross modulation, and enables both sine waves and saw tooth waves to be synthesized with a common set of logic elements. Lastly, an improved envelope generator changes the effective envelope time constants inversely with the pitch of the selected note by means of variable duty cycle charging circuits.
KVN MONITORING OBSERVATIONS TOWARD THE RECENT OUTBURST SYMBIOTIC STAR V407 CYGNI

Simultaneous time monitoring observations of H₂O and SiO maser lines were performed toward the D-type symbiotic binary system V407 Cyg with the Korean VLBI Network single dish radio telescope. These monitoring observations were carried out from March 2, 2010 (optical phase ∅ = 0.0), 8 days before the nova outburst on March 10, 2010 to June 5, 2014 ( = 2.13). Eight days before the nova outburst, we detected the SiO v = 1, 2, J = 1–0 maser lines which exhibited values of 0.51 K (~ 6.70 Jy) and 0.71 K ( 9.30 Jy), respectively, while after the outburst we could not detect them on April 2 (∅ = 0.04), May 5 ( = 0.09), May 8 (∅ = 0.09), or on June 5, 2010 ( ∅ = 0.13) within the upper limits of our KVN observations. After restarting our monitoring observations, we detected SiO v = 2, J = 1–0 masers starting on October 20, 2011 (∅ = 0.83) and detected SiO v = 1, J = 1–0 masers starting on December 22, 2011 (∅ = 0.92). These results provide clear evidence of the interaction between the shock from the nova outburst and the SiO maser regions of the Mira envelope. The peak emission of SiO v = 1, 2, J = 1–0 masers always occurred at blueshifted velocities with respect to the stellar velocity except for that of SiO v = 1 at one epoch. These phenomena may be related to the redistribution of SiO maser regions after the outburst. The peak velocity variations of SiO masers associated with stellar pulsation phases show an increasing blueshifted trend during our monitoring interval after the outburst.
Nature or nurture? Clues from the distribution of specific star formation rates in SDSS galaxies

This work investigates the main mechanism(s) that regulate the specific star formation rate (SSFR) in nearby galaxies, cross-correlating two proxies of this quantity -- the equivalent width of the \Ha\ line and the $(u-r)$ colour -- with other physical properties (mass, metallicity, environment, morphology, and the presence of close companions) in a sample of $\sim82500$ galaxies extracted from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). The existence of a relatively tight `ageing sequence' in the colour-equivalent width plane favours a scenario where the secular conversion of gas into stars (i.e. `nature') is the main physical driver of the instantaneous SSFR and the gradual transition from a `chemically primitive' (metal-poor and intensely star-forming) state to a `chemically evolved' (metal-rich and passively evolving) system. Nevertheless, environmental factors (i.e. `nurture') are also important. In the field, galaxies may be temporarily affected by discrete `quenching' and `rejuvenation' episodes, but such events show little statistical significance in a probabilistic sense, and we find no evidence that galaxy interactions are, on average, a dominant driver of star formation. Although visually classified mergers tend to display systematically higher EW(H$\alpha$) and bluer $(u-r)$ colours for a given luminosity, most galaxies with high SSFR have uncertain morphologies, which could be due to either internal or external processes. Field galaxies of early and late morphological types are consistent with the gradual `ageing' scenario, with no obvious signatures of a sudden decrease in their SSFR. In contrast, star formation is significantly reduced and sometimes completely quenched on a short time scale in dense environments, where many objects are found on a `quenched sequence' in the colour-equivalent width plane.
Distributed Proximal Gradient Algorithm for Nonconvex Optimization Over Time-Varying Networks

This article studies the distributed nonconvex optimization problem with nonsmooth regularization, which has wide applications in decentralized learning, estimation, and control. The objective function is the sum of local objective functions, which consist of differentiable (possibly nonconvex) cost functions and nonsmooth convex functions. This article presents a distributed proximal gradient algorithm for the nonsmooth nonconvex optimization problem. Over time-varying multiagent networks, the proposed algorithm updates local variable estimates with a constant step-size at the cost of multiple consensus steps, where the number of communication rounds increases over time. We prove that the generated local variables achieve consensus and converge to the set of critical points. Finally, we verify the efficiency of the proposed algorithm by numerical simulations.
Modal Analysis for a Waveguide of Nanorods Using the Field Computation for a Chain of Finite Length

The propagation of light along an infinite 2D chain of silver nanorods is analyzed and the dispersion for this waveguide is computed using field computation for a finite chain of nanorods. In this work, Generalized Multipole Technique is used for the analysis. This method calculates the imaginary and real parts of the propagation constant by exciting the chain in one end and observing propagation of modes along the chain far enough from the excitation. It is shown that a short chain of finite length is sufficient for the calculation of the phase constant while the attenuation constant requires a longer chain. Field distribution is depicted for even and odd modes and it is shown that in the simulated frequency range only two modes can be excited and can propagate along the waveguide.
Creating equitable access: using OER for socially just educational leaders

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate ways in which educator preparation programs can influence educator and administrator support of Open Education Resources (OER). OER is still not used as widely as the researchers would like, even though it was introduced in the year 2002 (Bliss and Smith, 2017). While it is rarely used to a large extent, it is especially lacking in K-12 schools. By introducing OER to educator candidates (including future principals) in their own programs, they may be supportive of OER and invest in them when they work in schools. Design/methodology/approach The research was conducted when an OER project was required in educator preparation programs. Two classes totaling 27 students engaged in a group project, creating OER materials and receptacles over the course of the semester. Findings Research showed that educator candidates were in favor of using OER thoroughly. Through building their own OER resources, educator candidates understood the importance of creating socially just and equitable learning environments, aligning with diversity, equity, inclusion and belonging. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, a project like this has not been researched before. This research supports the idea that usage of OER and investment in it should happen for all educator candidates (teachers and administrators).
What agreement in Chamorro

'Wh-agreement' as described in Chung (1994, 1982) is argued to not be a special extraction agreement phenomenon, but is voice morphology typically involved in extraction strategies in Philippine-type languages, like Tagalog. Chamorro is in the process of losing its Philippine-type voice system in transitive main clause contexts and therefore appears to exhibit special behaviour in other environments. This process is shown to have taken place to a greater degree in Tukang Besi, a language of Sulawesi.
Computer Hardware and Communication Network Technology in Internet of Things

: With the rapid development and improvement of optical fibres, mobile communications, sensors and other technologies, the "Internet of Things" has been proposed. With the rapid advances in communication technologies and integrated circuits, the "Internet of Things" has also evolved rapidly over the past decade. With the advancement of IoT devices and communication network technologies, the design of IoT gateway platforms and sensor networks is becoming increasingly important. Although much research on IoT technologies in computing and communication networks exists, detailed system induction is lacking. This paper addresses the current development of sensor networks and IoT, IoT architecture, the relationship between sensor networks and IoT, and the implementation of sensor networks in IoT. In line with the IoT architecture and the role of home gateways, a market study and demand analysis of home gateways has been conducted to establish the deployment environment for home gateways and the deployment environment for sensor network nodes. In this paper, we propose the addition of a gateway data aggregation module to perform real-time data aggregation processing for sensor network data packet data processing. Aggregation processing can increase the payload in information transmission, reduce the number of times the sensor nodes send data in the home gateway, and effectively improve the network transmission efficiency and network throughput. Based on the software and hardware platforms of the built-in IoT home gateway and the software and hardware platforms of the sensor network, this paper gives a demand analysis of the home gateway sensor network access module, and proposes that the serial network is used to access the sensor network convergence node to implement the home gateway Development plan of sensor network access module. According to the needs analysis, design the flow chart of the access module and determine the communication interface between the access module and other modules, and complete the outline design of the access module. By simulating the data aggregation module of the home gateway and simulating the aggregation queue length threshold in the aggregation algorithm, the optimal aggregation queue length is obtained. The results show that the aggregation module reduces the number of calls of the home gateway data sending module by 40% and improves the home gateway network transmission efficiency.
Mitigating Power and Memory Constraints on a Venusian Seismometer

The nearest term pathway to the deployment of a seismometer on Venus is an instrument that can operate under ambient surface conditions on battery power. We conduct a series of studies on combined hardware and software approaches to maximize the quality of data returned under the likely restrictions of minimal on-board data storage and only being able to transmit in real time during a small fraction of a multimonth deployment. We assess likely Venus seismicity by examining different terrestrial analog settings; we find that likely Venus analog settings all fall within about an order of magnitude of mean Earth in terms of seismicity level. We use the seismic record from a station in central Alaska as a Venus surrogate for algorithm development. We tested various transmission triggers and developed a simple low-memory algorithm that mimics the common terrestrial long-term average/short-term average trigger. If the seismometer can operate in coordination with an orbiter that can remotely turn off data transmission, then the frequency content of a few seconds of data can be used to distinguish small, nearby earthquakes from large, distal ones, and total data transmission can be tuned to favor the latter. If an orbiter can also turn on transmission for other nearby seismometers, it would further enhance the ability to distinguish small- and large-magnitude earthquakes autonomously and increase the chances of capturing the initial onset of significant events.
THE LYMAN ALPHA REFERENCE SAMPLE. III. PROPERTIES OF THE NEUTRAL ISM FROM GBT AND VLA OBSERVATIONS

We present new H i imaging and spectroscopy of the 14 UV-selected star-forming galaxies in the Lyman Alpha Reference Sample (LARS), aimed for a detailed study of the processes governing the production, propagation, and escape of Lyα photons. New H i spectroscopy, obtained with the 100 m Green Bank Telescope (GBT), robustly detects the H i spectral line in 11 of the 14 observed LARS galaxies (although the profiles of two of the galaxies are likely confused by other sources within the GBT beam); the three highest redshift galaxies are not detected at our current sensitivity limits. The GBT profiles are used to derive fundamental H i line properties of the LARS galaxies. We also present new pilot H i spectral line imaging of five of the LARS galaxies obtained with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA). This imaging localizes the H i gas and provides a measurement of the total H i mass in each galaxy. In one system, LARS 03 (UGC 8335 or Arp 238), VLA observations reveal an enormous tidal structure that extends over 160 kpc from the main interacting systems and that contains >109 M☉ of H i. We compare various H i properties with global Lyα quantities derived from Hubble Space Telescope measurements. The measurements of the Lyα escape fraction are coupled with the new direct measurements of H i mass and significantly disturbed H i velocities. Our robustly detected sample reveals tentative correlations between the total H i mass and linewidth, and key Lyα tracers. Further, on global scales, these data support a complex coupling between Lyα propagation and the H i properties of the surrounding medium.
Information Mechanics

Despite the wide usage of information as a concept in science, we have yet to develop a clear&concise scientific definition. This paper is aimed at laying the foundations for a new theory concerning the mechanics of information alongside its intimate relationship with working processes. Principally it aims to provide a better understanding of what information is. We find that like entropy, information is also a state variable, and both their values are surprisingly contextual. Conversely, contrary to popular belief, we find that information is not negative entropy. However, unlike entropy, information can be both positive and negative. We further find that it is possible to consider a communications process as a working process and that Shannon's entropy is only applicable to the modelling of statistical distributions. In extension, it appears that information could exist within any system, even thermodynamic systems at equilibrium. Surprisingly, the amount of mechanical work a thermodynamic system can do directly relates to the appropriate corresponding information available. If the system does not have corresponding information, it can do no work irrespective of how much energy it may contain. Following the theory we present, it will become evident to the reader that information is an intrinsic property which exists naturally within our universe, and not an abstract human notion.
Deep Chandra observations of the NGC 4472 globular cluster black hole XMMU 122939.7+075333: short-term variability from the first globular cluster black hole binary

In this paper we discuss the luminosity modulations and spectral analysis results of the recent deep observations of XMMU 122939.7+075333, the rst black hole discovered in a globular cluster. The source has been detected many times, typically with LX > 10 39 erg s 1 , but in a 2010 observation had faded to LX 10 38 erg s 1 . In our 2011 observations, it has rebrightened to LX 2 10 39 erg s 1 . This signicant increase in luminosity over a a relatively short time period is not consistent with the idea that the long term ux modulations displayed by XMMU 122939.7+075333 are caused by the Kozai mechanism alone as had previously been suggested. Instead, given that the source shows "spiky" behaviour in its light curve, it seems likely that the faintness in 2010 was a result of a short observation that did not catch any bright epochs. We also nd that when the source is brighter than average, it has an excess of soft ( <0.7 keV) photons. The spectral analysis reveals strong, albeit model-dependent, evidence of emission from highly ionised oxygen (Oviii) when the source is brighter than average.
Random Lattice Gauge Theories and Differential Forms

We provide a brief overview on the application of the exterior calculus of differential forms to the ab initio formulation of field theories on random simplicial lattices. In this framework, discrete analogues of the exterior derivative and the Hodge star operator are employed for the factorization of discrete field equations into a purely combinatorial (metric-free) part and a metric-dependent part. The Hodge star duality (isomorphism) is invoked to motivate the use of primal and dual lattices (a dual cell complex). The natural role of Whitney forms in the construction of discrete Hodge star operators is stressed.