Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Pender's Health Promotion-based Model on Intervention for Enhancing University of Mosul Hypertensive Employees' Eating Behaviors: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Dietary habits are an essential lifestyle element contributing to hypertension development and can be changed if adequately controlled and educated. The DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet, which emphasizes consuming fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products, is recommended to lower blood pressure and reduce sodium intake. The article aims to identify the Efficacy of Pender's Health Promotion-based Model on Intervention for Enhancing University of Mosul Hypertensive Employees' Eating Behaviors. A proper experimental design employing the randomized controlled trial approach is used to establish the efficiency of Pander's health promotion based on intervention for enhancing eating behaviors among University of Mosul hypertension personnel. The study was conducted at the University of Mosul from first December 2021 to the end of April 2022. The sample was selected from a homogeneous group of 220 employees. Random selection and random assignment are used to create the experimental and control group for every 25 employees. This study's results show statistically significant differences across all Pander Model principles connected to hypertension-associated eating behavior. On the other hand, the perceived barrier was the only belief that remained constant over time.The study indicated that the Pender model's health promotion demonstrates the relevance of hypertension prevention and has a favorable impact on employees' perceptions of perceived advantages, Self-efficacy, and perceived risks, social support and activity-related effect of unhealthy Hypertension advised employees to use their eating behavior through a healthy diet, physical activity and other healthy behaviors to hypertension control to prevent different health hazards, social support for activating "readiness" to break free from unhealthy habits and self-efficacy for self-assurance in blood pressure control. Keywords: Efficacy, Pender's Model, health promotion, Hypertensive Employees, Eating Behaviors
Biochemical Screening for Fetal Trisomy 21: Pathophysiology of Maternal Serum Markers and Involvement of the Placenta

It is now well established that maternal serum markers are often abnormal in fetal trisomy 21. Their determination is recommended for prenatal screening and pregnancy follow-up. However, mechanisms leading to abnormal maternal serum levels of such markers are still debated. Our objective was to help clinicians and scientists unravel the pathophysiology of these markers via a review of the main studies published in this field, both in vivo and in vitro, focusing on the six most widely used markers (hCG, its free subunit hCGβ, PAPP-A, AFP, uE3, and inhibin A) as well as cell-free feto–placental DNA. Analysis of the literature shows that mechanisms underlying each marker’s regulation are multiple and not necessarily directly linked with the supernumerary chromosome 21. The crucial involvement of the placenta is also highlighted, which could be defective in one or several of its functions (turnover and apoptosis, endocrine production, and feto–maternal exchanges and transfer). These defects were neither constant nor specific for trisomy 21, and might be more or less pronounced, reflecting a high variability in placental immaturity and alteration. This explains why maternal serum markers can lack both specificity and sensitivity, and are thus restricted to screening.
Double Talk Detectors with non-Stationary and Noisy Signals

An acoustic echo cancellation (AEC) application is considered an interesting process in a single-talk condition. However, when the double talk (DT) signal is available simultaneously with this undesired echo problem, the AEC performance is severely deteriorated due to the rapid deviation of the filter coefficients. Consequently, incorporating a double talk detector (DTD) module with AEC systems is necessary to halt and handle the filter adaptation process during double talk detection. Instead, echo-path changes are basically common in AEC systems, which is one of the main design issues of the logical control of DTD methods. The DTD control can be quite complicated in discriminating the near-end speaker from time-variant echo-path change. In this paper, we introduce several DTD methods and we aim to show the effectiveness and the reliability of these algorithms to differentiate between echo-path variations and double-talk situations that are investigated in our numerical results. In this context, we propose a new criterion to detect echo path changes combined with the cheap normalized cross-correlation (CNCC) double talk detector. The obtained simulation and numerical experiments appear the superior performance of our proposed method in front of DT periods and non-stationary (NS) phases.
NP on Logarithmic Space

P versus NP is considered as one of the most important open problems in computer science. This consists in knowing the answer of the following question: Is P equal to NP? It was essentially mentioned in 1955 from a letter written by John Nash to the United States National Security Agency. However, a precise statement of the P versus NP problem was introduced independently by Stephen Cook and Leonid Levin. Since that date, all efforts to find a proof for this problem have failed. Another major complexity classes are L and NL. Whether L = NL is another fundamental question that it is as important as it is unresolved. We prove the breakthrough result that L = NL. Besides, we show that every NP problem is in L with oracle access to L.
Application of Artiﬁcial Intelligence to the Diagnosis and Therapy of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

: Artiﬁcial intelligence (AI) is an interdisciplinary ﬁeld that encompasses a wide range of computer science disciplines, including image recognition, machine learning, human − computer interaction, robotics and so on. Recently, AI, especially deep learning algorithms, has shown excellent performance in the ﬁeld of image recognition, being able to automatically perform quantitative evaluation of complex medical image features to improve diagnostic accuracy and efﬁciency. AI has a wider and deeper application in the medical ﬁeld of diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) occurs frequently in southern China and Southeast Asian countries and is the most common head and neck cancer in the region. Detecting and treating NPC early is crucial for a good prognosis. This paper describes the basic concepts of AI, including traditional machine learning and deep learning algorithms, and their clinical applications of detecting and assessing NPC lesions, facilitating treatment and predicting prognosis. The main limitations of current AI technologies are brieﬂy described, including interpretability issues, privacy and security and the need for large amounts of annotated data. Finally, we discuss the remaining challenges and the promising future of using AI to diagnose and treat NPC.
Joint Transmission Mode and Tilt Adaptation in Coordinated Small-Cell Wireless Networks

We focus on downlink transmission in a wireless network consisting of small-sized cells, denoted as a small-cell network (SCN). We consider multi-antenna base stations (BSs) and single-antenna users, BS coordination, downlink training and channel estimation, 3D antenna patterns, distant-dependent pathloss, and fair scheduling. We investigate the impact of the variable parameter that controls the elevation angleof the BS antenna pattern, denoted as tilt, on the performance of the considered SCN when employing either a conventional uncoordinated transmission mode or a fully coordinated transmission mode. Using the results of this investigation, we propose a novel hybrid-mode transmission technique that can achieve a performance comparable to that of a fully coordinated transmission but with a significantly lower complexity and signaling requirement. The main idea is to divide the coverage area into two so-called vertical regions and jointly adapt the transmission mode and the tilt at the BSs when serving each region. A fair scheduler is used to share the time-slots between the vertical regions and among the users in each region. To make the performance analysis computationally efficient, analytical expressions for the user ergodic rates at different transmission modes are also derived.
Ocular Biomechanics and Glaucoma

Biomechanics is a branch of biophysics that deals with mechanics applied to biology. Corneal biomechanics have an important role in managing patients with glaucoma. While evidence suggests that patients with thin and stiffer corneas have a higher risk of developing glaucoma, it also influences the accurate measurement of intraocular pressure. We reviewed the pertinent literature to help increase our understanding of the biomechanics of the cornea and other ocular structures and how they can help optimize clinical and surgical treatments, taking into consideration individual variabilities, improve the diagnosis of suspected patients, and help monitor the response to treatment.
Computer modelling of electronegative plasma sheaths and their mutual interaction

Our paper focuses on investigation of sheath structures formed in the vicinity of biased solid objects immersed in electronegative plasma. In Particular, phenomena during mutual interaction of several plasma sheaths were investigated. Our results show the manner in which the sheath of a cylindrical probe is affected by the presence of another cylindrical probe with smaller radius in its surroundings. Number density of charged particles, electric field intensity and fluxes of charged particles on the probes were observed to quantify the mutual interaction of sheaths. The study was done by means of the 2D particle-in-cell model with Monte Carlo treatment of collisions.
HMC Ameliorates Hyperglycemia via Acting PI3K/AKT Pathway and Improving FOXO1 Pathway in ob/ob Mice

Type 2 diabetes is a disease characterized by hyperglycemia and is a growing health problem worldwide. Since many known diabetes drugs are side effects, it is necessary to develop natural substances with guaranteed safety. HM-chromanone isolated from Portulaca oleracea L. is a homoisoflavonoid compound. We investigated the effects of HM-chromanone on hyperglycemia and its mechanism in C57BL/6J ob/ob mice. C57BL/6J-Jms Slc mice were used as the control group, and C57BL/6J-ob/ob mice were divided into three groups: ob/ob (control), metformin (Met; positive control), and HM-chromanone (HMC). Fasting blood glucose was lower in the HMC group than those in the ob/ob group. Insulin resistance was improved by reducing HbA1c, plasma insulin, and HOMA-IR levels in the HMC group. HMC administration decreased the phosphorylation of IRS-1ser307 and increased the phosphorylation of IRS-1tyr612, PI3K, phosphorylation of AKTser473, and PM-GLUT4 in the skeletal muscles of ob/ob mice, indicating improved insulin signaling. HMC administration also increased the phosphorylation of FOXO1 in the liver of ob/ob mice. This inhibited PEPCK and G6pase involved in gluconeogenesis and regulated phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β and glycogen synthase involved in glycogen synthesis. In conclusion, HM-chromanone ameliorates hyperglycemia by PI3K/AKT and improves the FOXO1 in ob/ob mice.
Influence of Soda Pulping Variables on Properties of Pineapple (Ananas comosus Merr.) Leaf Pulp and Paper Studied by Face-Centered Composite Experimental Design

Face-centered composite design (FCC) was used to study the effect of pulping variables: soda concentration (4-5 wt%), temperature (90–130°C), and pulping time (20–60 min) on the properties of pineapple leaf pulp and paper employing soda pulping. Studied pulp responses were screened yield and lignin content (kappa number). Paper properties, which include tensile index, burst index, and tear index, were also investigated. Effects of the pulping variables on the properties were statistically analyzed using Minitab 16. The optimum conditions to obtain the maximum tensile index were soda concentration of 4 wt%, pulping temperature of 105°C, and pulping time of 20 min. The predicted optimum conditions provided tensile index, burst index, tear index, screened yield, and kappa number of 44.13 kNm/kg, 1.76 kPam2, 1.68 Nm2/kg, 21.29 wt%, and 28.12, respectively, and were experimentally confirmed.
A 33-37GHz Two-Path Power Amplifier with>18-dB Gain and 26.7-dBm Psat in 150nm GaAs Process

This paper presents a GaAs power amplifier (PA). Through the theoretical analysis of the small-signal modeling and large-signal analysis of GaAs transistors, the main influencing factors affecting the saturated output power and gain of a single Gaas transistor are achieved. We develop a low-loss broadband matching by using T-type matching network technology. In addition, the input matching network and the output matching network are used to realize power distribution, which solves the problems of large area and high insertion loss of the traditional power divider in GaasPA. The designed PA is based on a 0.15um GaAs process. The simulation results show that our GaasPA can achieve a saturated output power of 26.7 dBm and a gain of 18 dB in the range of 33-to-37GHz, the DC power consumption is 214 mA at a supply of 5 V, and the chip area is $1.0 \ \mathbf{mm} \ \times \ 1.45 \ \mathbf{mm}$,
Influence of Adipose Tissue on Early Metabolic Programming: Conditioning Factors and Early Screening

Background: Obesity and being overweight have become one of the world’s most severe health issues, not only because of the pathology but also because of the development of related comorbidities. Even when children reach adulthood, the mother’s environment during pregnancy has been found to have a significant impact on obesity prevention in children. Thus, both maternal dietary habits and other factors such as gestational diabetes mellitus, excessive weight gain during pregnancy, smoking, or endocrine factors, among others, could influence newborn growth, adiposity, and body composition at birth, in childhood and adolescence, hence programming health in adulthood. Methods: The aim of this review is to analyze the most recent human studies on the programming of fetal adipose tissue to determine which modifiable factors may influence adiposity and thus prevent specific disorders later in life by means of a bibliographic review of articles related to the subject over the last ten years. Conclusions: The importance of a healthy diet and lifestyle not only during pregnancy and the first months of life but also throughout childhood, especially during the first two years of life as this is a period of great plasticity, where the foundations for optimal health in later life will be laid, preventing the emergence of noncommunicable diseases including obesity, diabetes mellitus type 2, hypertension, being overweight, and any other pathology linked to metabolic syndrome, which is so prevalent today, through health programs beginning at a young age.
Estimating the Angular Distribution of the Earth’s Longwave Radiation From Radiative Fluxes

In recent years, several novel satellite platforms and sensors have been proposed for the Earth radiation budget (ERB). Simulating the sensor-measured signals could be helpful for optimizing the settings of sensors and exploring their potential in ERB. The anisotropic factor, depicting the anisotropy of Earth’s radiation, is essential in the simulation. However, developing angular distribution models (ADMs) involves complex procedures of data preparation, processing, and modeling. This study, targeting at simplifying the procedure of simulating the signals of ERB sensors, proposed a suit of models for estimating the longwave anisotropic factors directly from the Earth’s radiative fluxes. The models were developed with CERES/Terra data sensed in rotating azimuth plane (RAP) mode during 2000–2005 and the artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm and tested with 12 monthly of CERES/Terra data collected in RAP and cross-track (CT) mode during 2021–2022, respectively. Models were developed for ten scene types based on Earth’s surface types and compared with the operational ANN ADMs. Results showed that the longwave anisotropic factors were accurately estimated with the correlation coefficient ( $r$ ) varying between 0.84 and 0.98 and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) within 1.20% for the test dataset, and the approach proposed in this study had comparable performance with the ANN ADMs. With the estimated anisotropic factors, the sensor-measured radiances were accurately retrieved with $r$ = 1.00 and MAPE = 0.53%. Therefore, the proposed approach is promising in accurate and efficient simulations of novel ERB platforms and sensors like the Moon-based Earth Radiation.
Empirical Anthelmintic Therapy for Patients with Eosinophilia in Nepal: A Prospective Cohort Study

Eosinophilia is common in low-resource countries and usually implies helminthiasis. Since helminthiasis is a common cause of eosinophilia and its diagnosis is cumbersome, we hypothesized that broad-spectrum anthelmintic therapy may decrease the eosinophil count and eventually cure helminthiasis, whether microbiologic diagnosis is established or not. We recruited patients with eosinophilia aged 5 years and older who presented to Dhulikhel hospital, Nepal. Patients were treated with albendazole and ivermectin. A stool sample for microscopy was obtained. Of a total of 113 patients, 106 had a follow-up visit and 56 were classified as responders to treatment (defined as a decrease in eosinophil count to below 500 cells/µL, or an absolute decrease of more than 1000 cells/µL). For all patients, we found an absolute decrease in the eosinophil count and for the responding group (more than 50% of the whole cohort), the eosinophil count decreased substantially. All stool samples were negative. The reason for a lack of response in the remaining patients is unclear. In order to ascertain whether eosinophilia should be an indication for anthelmintic treatment, a randomized controlled study of empirical treatment after a thorough microbiologic workup is needed.
Regular Expressions for Program Computations

In the brief history of computer science, no single article has attracted more attention nor stirred more controversy than a seemingly innocuous 1968 letter to the editor (of the Communications of the ACM) by Edsger Dijkstra [3], titled "Goto Statement Considered Harmful. " We were just emerging from the Fortran era, when programming had not yet been thought of as an art or even a craft. A diagram of program flowlines, what came to be called a flowchart, would very nearly resemble a plate of spaghetti go to here and do this, then go to there and do that. Programs were "held together with baling wire," little thought being given to their organizational structure. Dijkstra argued that an "unbridled use of the goto statement" was the heart of the problem. In his opening sentence, he asserts that "the quality of programmers is a decreasing function of the density of goto statements in the programs they produce. " He would later argue for the elimination of the goto statement altogether. At the time, nothing could have been more controversial. Many programmers argued that some algorithms were impossible (or at the very least, unnatural) to implement without the use of the goto. But new programming languages were on the horizon (e.g., Pascal particularly), offering such structural constituents as the while do, repeat until, if then else, and case statements, whereby one could organize a program into successive levels of refinement, giving some credence to the Dijkstra claim. Proponents of the Dijkstra discipline of programming began to use a cryptic (at the time) and somewhat obscure result of Corrado I3ohm and Giuseppe Jacopini [1] as justification for their optimism and enthusiasm. In effect, their work seemed to indicate that any algorithm could be written as a structuredprogram [2], i.e., as a program involving only repetition (whether of the "while do" or the "repeat until" variety), selection (typically characterized by the "if then else" construct) and sequence of (possibly compound) statements, these three constructs perhaps being nested one within the other to an arbitrary depth, down to the level of the elementary processes of assignment, input, and output. And most importantly, there was seen to be nb need whatsoever of employing the "harmful" goto statement. But the Bohm-Jacopini result was not all that clearly understood at the time. Even Dijkstra himself stated only that "they seem to have proved the logical superfluousness of the goto statement. " For it happens that it is not all that easy to give a totally convincing proof in elementary terms. We take up just such a challenge in this survey. We use the opportunity to introduce the reader to a modern software engineering framework for the investigation, using topics that are important to a contemporary computer science research area known as software metrics, and we further employ an algebra of regular expressions, as most commonly encountered in the theory of automata, all toward offering a modified form of the now-classical Bohm-Jacopini result, and thus achieving a presentation blending the new with the old.
ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING OF A DIPOLE EXCITED WEDGE WITH ANISOTROPIC IMPEDANCE AND PEC FACES

Three-dimensional dyadic Green's function is derived for the electromagnetic diffraction of a point electric current source radiating in the vicinity of a wedge with anisotropic impedance and PEC faces. The anisotropic impedance face is characterized by surface impedances along directions parallel and orthogonal to the edge axis. The final asymptotic result exhibits three different scattering mechanisms: edge-guided waves, surface waves, and guided waves in the classical sense. The resulting expressions can be used to study electromagnetic scattering from artificially hard and soft surfaces due to an electric dipole excitation.
PtNPs/PEDOT:PSS-Modified Microelectrode Arrays for Detection of the Discharge of Head Direction Cells in the Retrosplenial Cortex of Rats under Dissociation between Visual and Vestibular Inputs

The electrophysiological activities of head direction (HD) cells under visual and vestibular input dissociation are important to understanding the formation of the sense of direction in animals. In this paper, we fabricated a PtNPs/PEDOT:PSS-modified MEA to detect changes in the discharge of HD cells under dissociated sensory conditions. The electrode shape was customized for the retrosplenial cortex (RSC) and was conducive to the sequential detection of neurons at different depths in vivo when combined with a microdriver. The recording sites of the electrode were modified with PtNPs/PEDOT:PSS to form a three-dimensional convex structure, leading to closer contact with neurons and improving the detection performance and signal-to-noise ratio of the MEA. We designed a rotating cylindrical arena to separate the visual and vestibular information of the rats and detected the changes in the directional tuning of the HD cells in the RSC. The results showed that after visual and vestibular sensory dissociation, HD cells used visual information to establish newly discharged directions which differed from the original direction. However, with the longer time required to process inconsistent sensory information, the function of the HD system gradually degraded. After recovery, the HD cells reverted to their newly established direction rather than the original direction. The research based on our MEAs revealed how HD cells process dissociated sensory information and contributes to the study of the spatial cognitive navigation mechanism.