Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fluctuation theorems in feedback-controlled open quantum systems: Quantum coherence and absolute irreversibility

Thermodynamics of quantum coherence has attracted growing attention recently, where the thermodynamic advantage of quantum superposition is characterized in terms of quantum thermodynamics. We investigate thermodynamic effects of quantum coherent driving in the context of the fluctuation theorem. We adopt a quantum-trajectory approach to investigate open quantum systems under feedback control. In these systems, the measurement backaction in the forward process plays a key role, and therefore the corresponding time-reversed quantum measurement and post-selection must be considered in the backward process in sharp contrast to the classical case. The state reduction associated with quantum measurement, in general, creates a zero-probability region in the space of quantum trajectories of the forward process, which causes singularly strong irreversibility with divergent entropy production (i.e., absolute irreversibility) and hence makes the ordinary fluctuation theorem break down. In the classical case, the error-free measurement ordinarily leads to absolute irreversibility because the measurement restricts classical paths to the region compatible with the measurement outcome. In contrast, in open quantum systems, absolute irreversibility is suppressed even in the presence of the projective measurement due to those quantum rare events that go through the classically forbidden region with the aid of quantum coherent driving. This suppression of absolute irreversibility exemplifies the thermodynamic advantage of quantum coherent driving. Absolute irreversibility is shown to emerge in the absence of coherent driving after the measurement, especially in systems under time-delayed feedback control. We show that absolute irreversibility is mitigated by increasing the duration of quantum coherent driving or decreasing the delay time of feedback control.
HDOCK update for modeling protein‐RNA/DNA complex structures

Protein‐nucleic acid interactions are involved in various cellular processes. Therefore, determining the structures of protein‐nucleic acid complexes can provide insights into the mechanisms of the interactions and thus guide the rational drug design to modulate these interactions. Due to the high cost and technical difficulties of solving complex structures experimentally, computational modeling such as molecular docking has been playing an important role in the study of molecular interactions. In order to make it easier for researchers to obtain biomolecular complex structures through molecular docking, we developed the HDOCK server for protein–protein and protein–RNA/DNA docking (accessed at http://hdock.phys.hust.edu.cn/). Since its first release in 2017, HDOCK has been widely used in the scientific community. As nucleic acids may include single‐stranded (ss) RNA/DNA and double‐stranded (ds) RNA/DNA, we now present an updated version of HDOCK, which offers new options for structural modeling of ssRNA, ssDNA, dsRNA, and dsDNA. We hope this update will better help the scientific community solve important biological problems, thereby advancing the field. In this article, we describe the general protocol of HDOCK with emphasis on the new functions on RNA/DNA modeling. Several application examples are also given to illustrate the usage of the new functions.
‘I just think it’s weird’: the nature of ethical and substantive non-ethical concerns about infertility treatments among Black and White women in U.S. graduate programmes

Abstract In the United States, Black women’s use of infertility treatments is relatively low, despite elevated or similar rates of infertility compared with White women. Ethical concerns about infertility treatments have been identified as a potential sociocultural factor contributing to these treatment-seeking disparities. Despite documented differences, the substance of these ethical concerns is unclear. Clarifying the nature of these concerns contributes to our understanding of the social forces that shape the contexts of infertility care. Using an intersectional and comparative analysis of semi-structured interviews with Black or African American and White women enrolled in U.S. graduate programmes, this paper investigates the nature and substance of ethical concerns about medicalized infertility treatments. Three central themes emerged: (i) ethical concerns were not binary; (ii) ethical concerns varied by modality, but not by race, and focussed primarily on infertility treatments involving third parties; and (iii) substantive non-ethical concerns were concentrated among Black women and were driven by discomfort with or preferences against treatments involving third-parties. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of these findings for researchers, providers, and policymakers.
On Computing Geometric Estimators of Location

Let S be a data set of n points in R, and μ̂ be a point in R which “best” describes S. Since the term “best” is subjective, there exist several definitions for finding μ̂. However, it is generally agreed that such a definition, or estimator of location, should have certain statistical properties which make it robust. Most estimators of location assign a depth value to any point in R and define μ̂ to be a point with maximum depth. Here, new results are presented concerning the computational complexity of estimators of location. We prove that in R the computation of simplicial and halfspace depth of a point requires Ω(n log n) time, which matches the upper bound complexities of algorithms by Rousseeuw and Ruts. Our lower bounds also apply to two sign tests, that of Hodges and that of Oja and Nyblom. In addition, we propose algorithms which reduce the time complexity of calculating the points with greatest Oja and simplicial depth. Our fastest algorithms use O(n log n) and O(n) time respectively, compared to the algorithms of Rousseeuw and Ruts which use O(n log n) time. One of our algorithms may also be used to find a point with minimum weighted sum of distances to a set of n lines in O(n) time. This point is called the FermatTorricelli point of n lines by Roy Barbara, whose algorithm uses O(n) time. Finally, we propose a new estimator which arises from the notion of hyperplane depth recently defined by Rousseeuw and Hubert.
Exploratory Chandra Observations of the Highest-Redshift Quasars: X-Rays from the Dawn of the Modern Universe

We report exploratory Chandra observations of 14 high-redshift (z = 4.06–5.27), optically selected quasars. Ten of these quasars are detected, increasing the number of z > 4 X-ray detected quasars by 71%. Our detections include four of the five highest-redshift X-ray detected quasars to date, among them SDSSp J021043.17-001818.4, the highest-redshift (z = 4.77) radio-loud quasar detected in the X-ray band. The four undetected objects are the broad absorption-line quasars SDSSp J112956.10-014212.4 and SDSSp J160501.21-011220.0, the weak emission-line quasar SDSSp J153259.96-003944.1, and the quasar PSS 1435+3057. A comparison of the quasars' spectral energy distributions (by means of the optical–to–X-ray spectral index αox) with those of lower-redshift samples indicates that the Chandra quasars are X-ray fainter by a factor of ≈2. X-ray faintness could be associated with the presence of large amounts of gas in the primeval galaxies harboring these high-redshift quasars, as suggested by recent studies conducted on z > 4 quasars in other bands. Using the current Chandra data, predictions for the next generation of X-ray observatories, Constellation-X and XEUS, are also provided.
The Nature of the Mid-Infrared Population from Optical Identifications of the ELAIS-S1 Sample

We present a multiwavelength catalog (15 μm, R-band, K-band, and 1.4 GHz flux) plus spectroscopic identifications for 406 15 μm sources detected in the European Large Area ISO Survey (ELAIS) region S1, over the flux density range 0.5 < S15μm < 150 mJy. Three hundred thirty-two (∼82%) sources are optically identified down to R ∼ 23.0. Spectra or bona fide stellar identifications are obtained for 290 objects (∼88% of the optically identified sources). The areal coverage, mid-infrared (MIR) and optical completeness of the sample are discussed in order to allow statistical and evolutionary analyses. Two main spectroscopic classes have been found to dominate the MIR extragalactic population: z < 0.5 star-forming galaxies [from absorbed to extreme starbursts: νLν(15 μm) ≈ 108–1011 L⊙], which account for ∼75% of the sources, and active galactic nuclei (AGNs; both type 1 and 2), which account for ∼25% of the sources. About 20% of the extragalactic sources are dust-enshrouded starburst galaxies [e(a) spectra], and all the starburst galaxies appear more dust-extincted in the optical than nearby normal galaxies. We also identified 91 stellar objects (∼22% of the MIR sources). The counts for starburst galaxies and AGNs down to 0.6 mJy have been derived. A general trend is found in the optical-MIR spectral energy distribution of the galaxies, where the MIR-luminous objects have larger MIR to optical luminosity ratios. Based on a variety of analyses, we suggest that the ELAIS sources fainter than R ∼ 23 are luminous and ultraluminous MIR galaxies (LIG-ULIGs; νLν(15 μm) = 1011–1012 L⊙) at intermediate redshifts (z = 0.5–1.5), and that consequently the present sample is virtually 100% spectroscopically complete up to z = 0.5.
Clinicopathological Features and Prognostic Factors of Sinonasal Rhabdomyosarcoma

Abstract Background/Aim: Sinonasal rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a rare soft tissue malignancy. Due to the limited cases, the clinicopathological features and prognostic factors are still not well understood. Patients and Methods: This retrospective review included eight patients with sinonasal RMS at our institution between 2004 and 2020. Patient demographics, tumor features, Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group (IRSG) stage and clinical group, treatment strategy, and survival rates were evaluated. Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank tests were performed to analyze the possible prognostic factors. Results: We observed a predominance of male sex and alveolar-type tumor in sinonasal RMS. Nasal obstructions and neck masses were the most common symptoms. Patients with pretreatment lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels >400 U/l and negative immunohistochemical staining for desmin or MyoD1 had lower survival rates. Conclusion: In patients with sinonasal RMS, pretreatment LDH levels >400 U/l and negative immunohistochemical staining for desmin or MyoD1 may suggest a poor prognosis. These factors can not only contribute to the prediction of prognosis in patients with sinonasal RMS but also facilitate the design of more appropriate treatment strategies.
Geomorphological and sedimentological evidences of palaeo-outburst flood events from TanglangLa-Gya catchment of River Indus, Ladakh, India

ABSTRACT Gya river, one of the main tributary of Indus, hosts several scattered palaeoflood deposits. The chronology, genesis and spatiotemporal relationships of these scattered deposits can throw light to the regional and global climatic fluctuations and their implications for the evolution of the valley. The valley structure of the Gya river consists of a broad middle reach alternating with narrow valleys and gorges in the upper and lower reaches which can be blocked by the slightest of sediment discharge damming the entire valley. The geomorphological, sedimentological and chronological study in this valley reveals multiple short-lived lake phases at 21–19.9 ka, 13 ka and 4.5 ka in the broader reach of the river during the transition periods when climate rapidly fluctuates between cold-dry and warm-wet. The damming in the valley is the result of the glacial lake outbursts in the head waters of the Gya catchment blocking the narrow lower reaches of the main channel by massive sediment. These lakes that are formed by valley damming contains ~108 m3 of water which subsequently breach out causing significant geomorphic changes on reach scale along the Gya river channel.
m(T2): The Truth behind the glamour

We present the kinematic variable,mT2, which is in some ways similar to the more familiar 'transverse mass', but which can be used in events where two or more particles have escaped detection. We define this variable and describe the event topologies to which it applies, then present some of its mathematical properties. We then briefly discuss two case studies which show how mT2 is vital when reconstructing the masses of supersymmetric particles in mSUGRA-like and AMSB-like scenarios at the large hadron collider.
Comment on egusphere-2022-151 the lunar nodal cycle modelled climatic response to the 18.6-year lunar nodal cycle and its role in decadal temperature trends”

The paper presents a brief report on the climatic response of a low-resolution OAGCM to the variation in tidal mixing caused by the 18.6 year lunar nodal cycle. A spatial and time varying field of modified ocean diffusion is employed to represent the variation in tidal mixing, including two variants to reflect uncertainty in the vertical. This resulting experiment is simple, but sufficient to draw conclusions that warrant further study. My impression is that the presented paper does the minimum necessary to draw attention to the potential importance of the 18.6 year lunar nodal cycle in the context of climate projections and hiatus/surge events. The authors propose that parameterisation of the lunar nodal cycle should be implemented in 1D integrated assessment models and decadal-scale forecast systems, and I am inclined to agree.
An emulation-based approach for interrogating reactive transport models

Abstract. We present an emulation-based approach to understand the interactions among different chemical and biological processes modelled in environmental reactive transport models (RTMs) and explore how the parameterisation of these processes influences the results of multi-component RTMs. We utilise a previously published RTM consisting of 20 primary species, 20 secondary complexes, 17 mineral reactions, and 2 biologically mediated reactions; this RTM describes bio-stimulation using sediment from a contaminated aquifer. We choose a subset of the input parameters to vary over a range of values. The result is the construction of a new dataset that describes the model behaviour over a range of environmental conditions. Using this dataset to train a statistical model creates an emulator of the underlying RTM. This is a condensed representation of the original RTM that facilitates rapid exploration of a broad range of environmental conditions and sensitivities. As an illustration of this approach, we use the emulator to explore how varying the boundary conditions in the RTM describing the aquifer impacts the rates and volumes of mineral precipitation. A key result of this work is the recognition of an unanticipated dependency of pyrite precipitation on pCO2 in the injection fluid due to the stoichiometry of the microbially mediated sulfate reduction reaction. This complex relationship was made apparent by the emulator, while the underlying RTM was not specifically constructed to create such a feedback. We argue that this emulation approach to sensitivity analysis for RTMs may be useful in discovering such new coupled sensitives in geochemical systems and for designing experiments to optimise environmental remediation. Finally, we demonstrate that this approach can maximise specific mineral precipitation or dissolution reactions by using the emulator to find local maxima, which can be widely applied in environmental systems.
Brief communication: Mountain permafrost acts as an 1 aquiclude during an infiltration experiment monitored with 2 ERT time-lapse measurements

Continuous frozen layers within the subsoil are generally assumed to act as aquicludes or aquitards. So far, this 11 behavior has been mainly defined analyzing the geochemical characteristics of spring waters. In this work, for the first time, 12 we experimentally confirmed this assumption by executing an infiltration test in a rock glacier of the Southern Alps, Italy. 13 Time-lapse electrical tomography (ERT) technique was adopted to monitor the infiltration of a huge amount of water spilled 14 on the surface of the rock glacier. 24 hours ERT monitoring highlighted that the injected water was not able to infiltrate into 15 the underlying frozen layer. different factors inversion artefacts, instrumental error and non-perfectly homogeneous contact resistances different time of acquisition) and to the flow of the injected the frozen layer boundary t0 (i.e., thickness of active steepest gradient method second derivatives reliable
Liquid Cloud Optical Properties Retrieval Uncertainties using Multi-angular and multi-spectral Bispectral Measurements of the Airborne Radiometer OSIRIS

In remote sensing applications, clouds are generally characterized by two properties: cloud optical thickness (COT) and effective radius of water/ice particles ( R eff ), and additionally by geometric properties when specific information is available. Most of the current operational passive remote sensing algorithms use a mono-angular bispectral method to retrieve COT and R eff . They are based on pre-computed lookup tables while assuming a homogeneous plane-parallel cloud layer and without considering measurement errors and the choice of ancillary data. We use the formalism of the optimal estimation method applied to airborne near-infrared high resolution multi-angular measurements, to retrieve COT and R eff, and the corresponding uncertainties related to the measurement errors, to the ancillary datanon-retrieved parameters, and to the cloud model assumptions. The used measurements were acquired by the airborne radiometer OSIRIS (Observing System Including PolaRization in the Solar Infrared Spectrum), developed by the Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique. It provides multi-angular measurements at tens of meters resolution, very suitable for refining our knowledge of cloud properties and their high spatial variability. OSIRIS is based on the POLDER (POlarization and Directionality of the Earth's Reflectances) concept as a prototype of the future 3MI space instrument planned to be launched on the EUMETSAT-ESA MetOp-SG platform in 20243. The used approach allows the exploitation of all the angular information available for each pixel to overcome the radiance angular effects. More consistent cloud properties with lower uncertainty compared to operational mono-directional retrieval methods (MODIS-like methodstraditional bispectral method) are then obtained. The framework of the optimal estimation method provides also the possibility to estimate uncertainties of different sources. Three types of errors were evaluated: (1) Errors related to measurement uncertainties, which reach 5 and 120% for high values of COT and R eff respectively, (2) errors related to an incorrect estimation of the ancillary data that remain below 0.5%, (3) errors related to the simplified cloud physical model assuming homogeneous plane-parallel cloud and the independent pixel approximation. We show that not considering the in-cloud heterogeneous vertical profiles and the 3D radiative transfer effects lead to an average uncertaintyies on COT and R eff of 5% and 4% for COT and of 13% and 9% for R eff exceeding 10%.
Piezospintronic effect in honeycomb antiferromagnets

The emission of pure spin currents by mechanical deformations, the piezospintronic effect, in antiferromagnets is studied. We characterize the piezospintronic effect in an antiferromagnetic honeycomb monolayer in response to external strains. It is shown that the strain tensor components can be evaluated in terms of the spin Berry phase. In addition, we propose an experimental setup to detect the piezospin current generated in the piezospintronic material through the inverse spin Hall effect. Our results apply to a wide family of two-dimensional antiferromagnetic materials without inversion symmetry, such as the transition-metal chalcogenophosphate materials $M\mathrm{P}{X}_{3}$ ($M=\mathrm{V}$, Mn; $X=\mathrm{S}$, Se, Te) and ${\mathrm{NiPSe}}_{3}$.
The Stellar Neutron-Capture Rate of 34S: The Origin of 36S Challenged

The (n, γ) cross section of 34S has been measured by means of the activation technique using a quasi-stellar neutron spectrum corresponding to a thermal energy of kT = 25 keV. In spite of the very small cross section of this neutron-magic nucleus and a number of additional experimental complications, the stellar value of ⟨σv⟩/vT = 226 ± 10 μb could be reliably determined. Because of this small cross section, 34S acts as a bottleneck for the reaction flow to 36S. Consequently, the suggested interpretation of the 36S abundance as a neutron monitor for the s-process in massive stars must be ruled out. This implies, however, that the origin of 36S remains an open problem.
A statistical approach to model validation

In this paper we formulate a certain statistical model validation problem where we wish to determine the probability that a certain hypothesized parametric uncertainty model is valid given an experimental input-output data record. We then show that, in many instances of interest, this problem reduces to the computation of relative weighted volumes of convex sets in R/sup N/ (N being the number of uncertain parameters). Since exact or even approximate volume computation of convex sets in R/sup N/ is NP-hard, we consider randomized algorithms for determining these validation probabilities. In particular, we present and analyze a randomized algorithm based on gas kinetics for probable approximate computation of these volumes. <<ETX>>
Abstraction is the key for scaling model learning methods to realistic

This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act (Auteurswet) with explicit consent by the author. Dutch law entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work.
Development of high-af ﬁ nity nanobodies speci ﬁ c for Na V 1.4 and Na V 1.5 voltage-gated sodium channel isoforms

Voltage-gated sodium channels, Na V s, are responsible for the rapid rise of action potentials in excitable tissues. Na V channel mutations have been implicated in several human genetic diseases, such as hypokalemic periodic paralysis, myotonia, and long-QT and Brugada syndromes. Here, we generated high-af ﬁ nity anti-Na V nanobodies (Nbs), Nb17 and Nb82, that recognize the Na V 1.4 (skeletal muscle) and Na V 1.5 (cardiac muscle) channel isoforms. These Nbs were raised llama a phage display library high af ﬁ nity the C-terminal (CT) of Nbs Escherichia , puri ﬁ ed, high-af ﬁ nity Nbs a Na V isoform they undesired cross-reactivity for different Na V isoforms. Nb17 Nb82 CTNa V 1.4 1.5 CTNav isoforms. Kinetic experiments by biolayer interferometry determined that Nb17 Nb82 the CTNa V 1.4 and CTNa V 1.5 with high af ﬁ nity ( K D (cid:1)
Merkle DAG-based Distributed Data Model for Content-addressed Trust-less Verifiable Data

This paper aims to propose a data model for a distributed environment. Properties of both the Merkle-DAG and that for conventional relational distributed data model are combined to build a data model for efficient storage and retrieval of trust-less, verifiable, relational and semi-structured data. We have taken a user as a single independent server with its independent storage and are focused only on its storage structure. The proposed data model increases data availability, consistency, and inherent security.