Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the ΛΛαximαlity of Some Pairs of p-t Degrees

This paper discusses the properties of polynomial time Turing degrees. It is shown that there exist recursive p-t degrees a > a 0 and b > b 0 , for any recursive p-t degrees a 0 and b 0 , such that [a,b] and {a o ,b o } have the same low bound set of the degrees. Hence, there is neither maximal minimal pair, maximal exact pair, nor maximal branching pair of p-t degrees. Zheng [7] proved that there is no maximal p-m minimal pair. This paper will show a similar (in fact somewhat more general) result about p-t degrees. The concept of the polynomial time Turing reducibility (abbrev. p-t reducibility) was introduced by Cook in [3]. A set A is polynomial time Turing reducible to B (denoted by A <f B) if there is a polynomial time bounded Turing machine M B with oracle B such that M B accepts A. A is p-t equivalent to B if A <? B and B <? A, which is denoted by A s£ B. The p-t degree of set A (de-noted by deg(^4)) is the class of all sets that are equivalent to A 9 i.e., deg(A) = [B:A =t B). Below, the p-t degrees are denoted by a,b,c 9 For any p-t degrees a and b 9 a is called (p-t) reducible to b (denoted by a < b) if there are sets A EL a and B E b such that A <f B. In this paper, the degree always means the p-t degree, and the "p-t" is often omitted.
The Influence of Age and Exposure Time on the Susceptibility of Carpophilus hemipterus Pupa to High Carbon Dioxide with Low Oxygen Treatment

Modified/controlled atmosphere applications, as an alternative to the chemical treatments, are an effective technique in controlling pest of stored products, especially dried fruits. In gas tight units, it is applied with the principle of preventing the insect respiration by changing the oxygen (O 2 ), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and nitrogen (N 2 ) gas levels of the atmosphere. In the study, 1-, 2- and 3- d-old pupae of dried fruit beetle, Carpophilus hemipterus (L.), which is an important dried fruit pest, were exposed to the modified / controlled atmosphere. The modified/controlled atmosphere consisting of 2.1% O 2 + 90% CO 2 + 7.9% N 2 gas mixture was applied for 48, 72, 96 and 120 h at 20°C and 75 ± 5% relative humidity. One, two and three d old pupae responded similarly to modified/controlled atmosphere application. Mortality rates remained close in each exposure time and no significant difference was found between age groups. Unlike the age factor, the exposure time was found to be statistically significant and the mortality rates increased as the exposure time increased in each age group. The highest mortality rates were found as 38, 60 and 47% in 1-, 2- and 3-d old pupae after 120 h of application, respectively.
Differential Speciﬁcity and Immunogenicity of Adenovirus Type 5 Neutralizing Antibodies Elicited by Natural Infection or Immunization (cid:1)

A recent clinical trial of a T-cell-based AIDS vaccine delivered with recombinant adenovirus type 5 (rAd5) vectors showed no efﬁcacy in lowering viral load and was associated with increased risk of human immunodeﬁciency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Preexisting immunity to Ad5 in humans could therefore affect both immunogenicity and vaccine efﬁcacy. We hypothesized that vaccine-induced immunity is differentially affected, depending on whether subjects were exposed to Ad5 by natural infection or by vaccination. Serum samples from vaccine trial subjects receiving a DNA/rAd5 AIDS vaccine with or without prior immunity to Ad5 were examined for the speciﬁcity of their Ad5 neutralizing antibodies and their effect on HIV-1 immune responses. Here, we report that rAd5 neutralizing antibodies were directed to different components of the virion, depending on whether they were elicited by natural infection or vaccination in HIV vaccine trial subjects. Neutralizing antibodies elicited by natural infection were directed largely to the Ad5 ﬁber, while exposure to rAd5 through vaccination elicited antibodies primarily to capsid proteins other than ﬁber. Notably, preexisting immunity to Ad5 ﬁber from natural infection signiﬁcantly reduced the CD4 and CD8 cell responses to HIV Gag after DNA/rAd5 vaccination. The speciﬁcity of Ad5 neutralizing antibodies therefore differs depending on the route of exposure, and natural Ad5 infection compromises Ad5 vaccine-induced immunity to weak immunogens, such as HIV-1 Gag. These results have implications for future AIDS vaccine trials and the design of next-generation gene-based vaccine vectors.
AN INCLUSIVE OVERVIEW OF SURGICAL TREATMENT FOR HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA

: Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of very well-known distortions in the world, with the rising rate in the United States. The spread of clinical and local ablative treatments has improved the assumption, in any case the medical procedure, either liver resection or transplantation, remains the mainstay of treatment. A better understanding of the life structures of the liver, improved imaging modalities and a more precise strategy have led to improve the results after a medical procedure. Our current research was conducted at Jinnah Hospital, Lahore from October 2018 to September 2019. Both resection and transplantation can be used reciprocally. Resection remains treatment of the decision for HCC once possible. Liver transplantation, which expels both cancer and basic unhealthy liver, suggests amazing results in cases who respond to measures of Milan. While these two modalities have moderately characterized the uses, treatment of those cases must be adapted independently, by means of the multi-disciplinary method, to raise endurance, personal satisfaction and the share of rare organs.
Discussion on the meeting on ‘The 2001 census and beyond’

The first question to ask is what actually is the research question in Philip Redfern’s paper? I have assumed that it is to have a good census. To assess his paper a comprehensive statement is needed of the measurement problem, to ensure that a suboptimal response is not being introduced when we focus on just one aspect of population measurement. The Office for National Statistics (ONS) has published a comprehensive report and a direction for the next decade for debate and discussion on population measurement issues that are now faced in the UK and the various options that are available to address them (Office for National Statistics, 2003a). Population estimation methodology must adapt to quite massive changes in society, in technology and the tools we have to do our job, and in the nature of information from public administration. I list 10 key issues to which we need to react and which we must address in population estimation now.
An Algorithm and Heuristic based on Normalized Mutual Information for Dimensionality Reduction and Classification of Hyperspectral images

In the feature classification domain, the choice of data affects widely the results. The Hyperspectral image (HSI), is a set of more than a hundred bidirectional measures (called bands), of the same region (called ground truth map: GT). The HSI is modelized at a set of N vectors. So we have N features (or attributes) expressing N vectors of measures for C substances (called classes). The problematic is that it’s pratically impossible to investgate all possible subsets. So we must find K vectors among N, such as relevant and no redundant ones; in order to classify substances. Here we introduce an algorithm based on Normalized Mutual Information to select relevant and no redundant bands, necessary to increase classification accuracy of HSI.
Power and Agency in Capitalism: Toward a New Theory of the Political Subject

Feminism vanishes without a subject--or put another way, feminism without a subject is neither theoretical nor political. In Power and Feminist Agency in Capitalism: Toward a New Theory of the Political Subject, political philosopher and critical theorist Claudia Leeb puts these axioms to the test, and redresses the disappearance of the subject from contemporary feminist inquiry. To propose in its absence a new and rigorous theory of the political subject, as Leeb does, is significant given two historically recent deaths: that of the subject, and of women. Michel Foucault (and his interpreters) composed what is probably the authoritative obituary of the subject by arguing that modern subjection--the webbing of knowledge and power, discourse and being--bars the notion of a self-determined actor. For Foucault, a critical theory of power requires first retiring this concept of the sovereign subject. In the 1990s, Judith Butler spearheaded a scholarly project that brought this spirit of critique to bear on the concept of "women" as a subject of political representation. The diverse forms that patriarchal oppression takes in global society--including racism, sexism, and homophobia in their difference and overlap--undermines and undoes "women" as a universal identity (Butler 1990/2006). For Butler, queer theory and practice require first discarding the ontological integrity of "women" as the subject of feminism. That both Foucault's and Butler's antisubject positions have caught on in feminist theory would of course be an understatement. Evidence of their popularity can be seen in everything from the equation between Foucault and feminist theory (Brown 1997), to the steady removal of "woman" from the title of North American "gender and/or sexuality studies" departments, usually as part of a campaign to reflect or announce more capacious political themes and theoretical interests. Is the burial of the subject a historical effect of the popularity of these theoretical fields, or a part of their appeal? Leeb's ambitious new work makes it both possible and necessary to pose this question.
Effects of heat stress on potato productivity and nutritive quality

season with a relatively short production period due to high temperatures [7]. In the last decade, warm summers and frequent heatwaves are not unusual for countries in temperate climate regions which are encountering Abstract Potato, Solanum tuberosum L. , is the most important non-grain food crop in the world, and a major vegetable crop in Serbia. It is generally considered a cool-season crop and highly susceptible to high temperatures. Elevated temperatures in the environment affect potato plants’ growth and development by slowing the sprout emergence, reducing the number of stolons, impeding tuber initiation, reducing tuber bulking and interfering the onset of tuber dormancy. Tuberization is optimal at average daily temperatures in the 15-20 °C range and above this range declines, although moderately elevated temperatures of 20-25 °C may enhance potato foliage growth and the net photosynthesis. Besides reducing the number and mass of tubers, high-temperature stress affects the total and marketable yield of potato by causing tuber disorders and altering tuber processing and nutritive quality. The problem of potato heat-susceptibility is gaining more interest in the last decades due to occurring global climate change. The breeders’ efforts have been intensified for selection of new, tolerant potato genotypes, as well as ge-nomics’, proteomics’, and metabolomics’ investigations of potato heat response.
E ﬀ ect of the Gallium and Vanadium on the Dibenzothiophene Hydrodesulfurization and Naphthalene Hydrogenation Activities Using Sulﬁded NiMo-V 2 O 5 / Al 2 O 3 -Ga 2 O 3

: The e ﬀ ect of Ga and V as support-modiﬁer and promoter of NiMoV / Al2O3-Ga2O3 catalyst on hydrogenation (HYD) and hydrodesulfurization (HDS) activities was studied. The catalysts were characterized by elemental analysis, textural properties, XRD, XPS, EDS elemental mapping and High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The chemical analyses by X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) / Al-Ga(1%-I) < NiMo-S / Al 2 O 3 < NiMoV-S / Al-Ga(1%-SG), whereas the rate constants’ values (k) of naphthalene HYD from 0.022 to 2.23 L / (h · mol · m 2 ) as follow: NiMoV-S / Al-Ga(1%-SG) < NiMo-S / Al 2 O 3 < NiMoV-S / Al-Ga(1%-I). We consider that Ga and V act as structural promoters in the NiMo catalysts supported on Al 2 O 3 that allows the largest generation of BRIM sites for HYD and CUS sites for DDS. conﬁrmed the presence of Ni, Mo, V, Ga, S, Al and O with well-distribution on support. The NiMo / Al 2 O 3 and NiMoV / Al 2 O 3 -Ga 2 O 3 (1%-SG) showed better textural properties than NiMoV / Al 2 O 3 -Ga 2 O 3 (1%-I) with average pore radius between 6.18 and 7.89 nm. XRD conﬁrmed the presence of (NH 4 ) 4 [NiMo 6 O 24 H 6 ] • 5H 2 O and XPS evidenced Mo 4 + , Mo 6 + , Ni x S y , Ni 2 + , Ga 3 + and V 5 + species, which shown a dependence with the synthesis method of the support, whereas gallium and vanadium oxides were not detected due to the well dispersed on the support, suggesting that the synthesis method via impregnation induced largest presence of gallium on the surface allowing a better dispersion of V 5 + oxides inﬂuencing in the degree of sulﬁdation. The HRTEM analysis shown that the length and stacking distribution of MoS 2 crystallites changes with the support synthesis method varied from 5.07 to 5.94 nm and 2.74 to 3.58, respectively. The activities as dibenzothiophene HDS overall pseudo-ﬁrst-order rate constants’ values (k HDS ) from 1.65 to 7.07 L / (h · mol · m 2 ), and naphthalene HYD activity with rate constants’ values (k) from 0.022 to 2.23 L / (h · mol · m 2 ). The previous observations allow us to conclude that Ga and V act as structural promoters in the NiMo catalysts supported on Al 2 O 3 that contribute in the largest generation of BRIM sites for HYD and CUS sites for DDS. and E.M. ; writing—original writing—review and visualization, and E.P.-P.; resources, E.P.-P., and
An instability of finite amplitude circularly polarized Alfven waves. [in solar wind and corona

A demonstration is presented that a finite-amplitude circularly-polarized Alfven wave is generally unstable in a MHD fluid. The wave decays by a four-wave coupling process in which the daughter waves are forward propagating random density and magnetic fluctuations and a backward-propagating magnetic wave. For parameters typical of the solar corona and the solar wind (thermal to magnetic energy density ratios between 0.1 and 1, and values between 0.1 and 0.9 for the ratio of magnetic energy density of the initial Alfven wave to that of the background magnetic field), large decay rates are found.
Detection and Recognition of Uterine Cervical Carcinoma Cells in Pap Smear Using Kapur Method and Morphological Features

It is important to obtain conn cytodiagnosis to classify background, cytoplasm, and nucleus from the diagnostic image. This study mose an algorithm that detects and classifies carcinoma cells of the uterine cervix in Pap smear using features of cervical cancer. It applies Median filter and Gaussian filter to get noise-removed nucleus area and also applies Kapur method in binarization of the resultant image. We apply 8-directional contour tracking algorithm and stretching technique to identify and revise clustered cells that often hinder to obtain correct analysis. The resulted nucleus area has distinguishable features such as cell size, integration rate, and directional coefficient from normal cells so that we can detect and classify carcinoma cells successfully. The experiment results show that the performance of the algorithm is competitive with human expert.
Identiﬁcation of a Novel Metabolite in the Degradation of Pyrene by Mycobacterium sp. Strain AP1: Actions of the Isolate on Two- and Three-Ring Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Mycobacterium sp. strain AP1 grew with pyrene as a sole source of carbon and energy. The identiﬁcation of metabolites accumulating during growth suggests that this strain initiates its attack on pyrene by either monooxygenation or dioxygenation at its C-4, C-5 positions to give trans- or cis- 4,5-dihydroxy-4,5-dihydro-pyrene, respectively. Dehydrogenation of the latter, ortho cleavage of the resulting diol to form phenanthrene 4,5-dicarboxylic acid, and subsequent decarboxylation to phenanthrene 4-carboxylic acid lead to degradation of the phenanthrene 4-carboxylic acid via phthalate. A novel metabolite identiﬁed as 6,6 (cid:1) -dihydroxy-2,2 (cid:1) biphenyl dicarboxylic acid demonstrates a new branch in the pathway that involves the cleavage of both central rings of pyrene. In addition to pyrene, strain AP1 utilized hexadecane, phenanthrene, and ﬂuoranthene for growth. Pyrene-grown cells oxidized the methylenic groups of ﬂuorene and acenaphthene and catalyzed the dihydroxylation and ortho cleavage of one of the rings of naphthalene and phenanthrene to give 2-carboxy-cinnamic and diphenic acids, respectively. The catabolic versatility of strain AP1 and its use of ortho cleavage mechanisms during the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) give new insight into the role that pyrene-degrading bacterial strains may play in the environmental fate of PAH mixtures.
Progressive Region-Speciﬁc De Novo Methylation of the p16 CpG Island in Primary Human Mammary Epithelial Cell Strains during Escape from M 0 Growth Arrest

CpG island methylation plays an important role in normal cellular processes, such as genomic imprinting and X-chromosome inactivation, as well as in abnormal processes, such as neoplasia. However, the dynamics of de novo CpG island methylation, during which a CpG island is converted from an unmethylated, active state to a densely methylated, inactive state, are largely unknown. It is unclear whether the development of de novo CpG island methylation is a progressive process, in which a subset of CpG sites are initially methylated with a subsequent increase in methylation density, or a single event, in which the initial methylation event encompasses the entire CpG island. The tumor suppressor gene p16/CDKN2a/INK4a (p16) is inactivated by CpG island methylation during neoplastic progression in a variety of human cancers. We investigated the development of methylation in the p16 CpG island in primary human mammary epithelial cell strains during escape from mortality stage 0 (M 0 ) growth arrest. The methylation status of 47 CpG sites in the p16 CpG island on individual DNA molecules was determined by sequencing PCR clones of bisulﬁte-treated genomic DNA. The p16 CpG island was initially methylated at a subset of sites in three discrete regions in association with p16 transcriptional repression and escape from M 0 growth arrest. With continued passage, methylation gradually increased in density and methylation expanded to sites in adjacent regions. Thus, de novo methylation in the p16 CpG island is a progressive process that is neither site speciﬁc nor completely random but instead is region speciﬁc. Our results suggest that early detection of methylation in the CpG island of the p16 gene will require methylation analysis of the three regions and that the identiﬁcation of region-speciﬁc methylation patterns in other genes may be essential for an accurate assessment of methylation-mediated transcriptional silencing. were performed with an MJ DNA Engine Tetrad thermal cycler (MJ Research, Inc.). Cloning and sequencing PCR fragments ampliﬁed from bisulﬁte-treated DNA. PCR products A and B were puriﬁed from a 2% agarose gel with the QIAquick gel extraction kit (Qiagen). The gel-puriﬁed PCR fragments were TA cloned with the pCR2.1 plasmid vector and INV a F 9 -competent cells (Invitro- gen). Individual clones were sequenced with M13 forward and/or reverse primers on a PRISM 377 DNA sequencer (Applied Biosystems), using the PRISM dye primer or dye terminator cycle sequencing kit with AmpliTaq DNA polymerase (Applied Biosystems).
Title : Assessing the quality , readability and reliability of online information on COVID-19 : an 2 infoveillance observational study 3

29 Objective: This study aimed to assess the quality, reliability and readability of internet-based information 30 on COVID-19 available on Brazil’ most used search engines. Methods: A total of 68 websites were selected 31 through Google, Bing, and Yahoo. The websites content quality and reliability were evaluated using the 32 DISCERN questionnaire, the Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria, and 33 the presence of the Health on Net (HON) certification. Readability was assessed by the Flesch Reading 34 Ease adapted to Brazilian Portuguese (FRE-BP). Results: The web contents were considered moderate to 35 low quality according to DISCERN and JAMA mean scores. Most of the sample presented very difficult 36 reading levels and only 7.4% displayed HON certification. Websites of Governmental and health-related 37 authorship nature showed lower JAMA mean scores and quality and readability measures did not correlate 38 to the webpages content type. Conclusion: COVID-19 related contents available online were considered 39 of low to moderate quality and not accessible.
Classification and treatment of antisocial individuals : From behavior to biocognition Brazil

Brazil, I.A. 1,2*, van Dongen, J.D. M.3, Maes, J.H. R.1, Mars, R. B† 1,4 & Baskin-Sommers, A.R. † 5 †Shared last authors 1 Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands 2Forensic Psychiatric Centre Pompestichting, Nijmegen, the Netherlands 3Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands 4 Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom 5 Yale University, Psychology Department, New Haven, CT, USA
A Study on the Efﬁcacy of Flow Mitigation Devices in Hard Disk Drives

We report on large eddy simulations of the turbulent ﬂow of air in hard disk drives (HDDs) using a commercial CFD code. In particular, we focus on HDD casings in which ﬂow-induced vibrations are reportedly reduced by small geometrical modiﬁcations. The modiﬁcations investigated are M1: a blocking plate situated between the disks, M2: a spoiler (or deﬂector) located behind (downstream of) the actuator arm, and M3: a similar deﬂector upstream of the arm. We observed that M1, M2, and M3 signiﬁcantly modify the mean ﬂow patterns in the drives. M1 reduces velocity magnitudes in most parts of the drive, the modiﬁcation of M2 causes ﬂow reversal in regions close to the hub, while M3 causes the shedding of vortices upstream of the actuator arm. Our analysis points to M1 as the best candidate for mitigating the effects of turbulent airﬂow. This is because M1 is more effective in reducing the root-mean-square velocity ﬂuctuations near the suspension. M1 is also more effective in reducing the pressure ﬂuctuations near the base-plate and suspension region. This reduction, however, is at the cost of approximately 20% higher windage. Finally, we note that M3 has the adverse effects of increasing velocity and pressure ﬂuctuations and hence is not the ideal candidate for mitigating airﬂow effects, among the modiﬁcations considered here.
Magnetic microrod locomotion in a viscous ﬂuid in rotating ﬁeld

: In recent years the study of propulsion of microparticles immersed in liquids has received a lot of attention. Motivated by experiments carried out by Dr. Pietro’s group, we studied the movement of a nickel magnetic ﬁlament (speciﬁcally a cylindrical microrod) immersed in a viscous ﬂuid with a bounding wall, whose propulsion method will be the application of a rotating magnetic ﬁeld. The study is divided into two parts: theoretical analysis and motion simulation. The results presented show a strong dependence between the ﬁlament/microrod velocity and the frequency and the existence of a critical frequency that we have calculated with theoretical arguments and it agrees with the simulations. Our simulations show a new regime of locomotion which was not proved in experiment.