Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An investigation of the effects of dual-task balance exercises on balance, functional status and dual-task performance in children with Down syndrome

ABSTRACT Purpose To investigate the effects of dual task (DT) balance exercises on functional status, balance, and DT performance in children with Down Syndrome (DS). Methods Participants were divided into two groups: intervention group (IG; n = 13) and control group (CG;n = 14). WeeFIM was used to measure the functional independence level and balance was evaluated using the Pediatric Balance Scale. DT performance was assessed using Timed Up and Go, Single Leg Stance, Tandem-Stance and 30 s Sit to Stand tests without concomitant task, with motor task or cognitive task. The IG received 16 sessions of DT training twice a week for 8 weeks. Results Functional level, balance, and DT performance improved significantly in the IG, whereas only balance improved in the CG. Significantly better results were achieved in the IG, as demonstrated by greater pre/post-treatment changes. Conclusion DT balance exercises improved functional level, balance and DT performance of children with DS.
Four new operations related to composition and their reformulated Zagreb index

The first reformulated Zagreb index EM<sub>1</sub>(G) of a simple graph G is defined as the sum of the terms (d<sub>u</sub>+d<sub>v</sub><span style="font-family: symbol;">-</span>2)<sup>2</sup> over all edges uv of G. In 2017, Sarala et al. introduced four new operations (F-product) of graphs. In this paper, we study the first reformulated Zagreb index for the F-product of some special well-known graphs such as subdivision and total graph.
Rice stripe virus nonstructural protein 3 suppresses plant defence responses mediated by the MEL–SHMT1 module

Abstract Our previous study identified an evolutionarily conserved C4HC3‐type E3 ligase, named microtubule‐associated E3 ligase (MEL), that regulates broad‐spectrum plant resistance against viral, fungal and bacterial pathogens in multiple plant species by mediating serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT1) degradation via the 26S proteasome pathway. In the present study, we found that NS3 protein encoded by rice stripe virus could competitively bind to the MEL substrate recognition site, thereby inhibiting MEL interacting with and ubiquitinating SHMT1. This, in turn, leads to the accumulation of SHMT1 and the repression of downstream plant defence responses, including reactive oxygen species accumulation, mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway activation, and the up‐regulation of disease‐related gene expression. Our findings shed light on the ongoing arms race between pathogens and demonstrate how a plant virus can counteract the plant defence response.
Disability Caused by Cleft Lip and Palate: A Systematic Review and Critical Valuation Appraisal.

OBJECTIVE Measuring disability as a concept of impaired global function enables beneficiaries of treatment, the impact of treatment, and targets of health system investment to be rigorously assessed. Measures of disability are not well established for cleft lip and palate. This study aims to systematically review disability weight (DW) studies pertaining to orofacial clefts (OFCs) and identify methodological strengths and shortcomings of each approach. DESIGN Systematic literature review of studies that met the following criteria: (1) peer-reviewed publication, (2) focus on disability valuation, (3) mention orofacial clefts, and (4) publication January 2001-December 2021. SETTING None. PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS None. INTERVENTIONS None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Disability weight method of valuation and the value itself. RESULTS The final search strategy yielded 1,067 studies. Seven manuscripts were ultimately included for data extraction. The disability weights used in our studies, including those newly generated or taken from the Global Burden of Disease Studies (GBD), ranged widely for isolated cleft lip (0.0-0.100) and cleft palate with or without cleft lip (0.0-0.269). The GBD studies limited their consideration of cleft sequelae informing disability weights to impact on appearance and speech-related concerns, while other studies accounted for comorbidities such as pain and social stigma. CONCLUSIONS Current measures of cleft disability are sparse, inadequately reflect the comprehensive impact of an OFC on function and socialization, and are limited in detail or supporting evidence. Use of a comprehensive health state description in evaluating disability weights offers a realistic means of accurately representing the diverse sequelae of an OFC.
The CALCINEURIN B-LIKE 4/CBL-INTERACTING PROTEIN 3 module degrades repressor JAZ5 during rose petal senescence

Abstract Flower senescence is genetically regulated and developmentally controlled. The phytohormone ethylene induces flower senescence in rose (Rosa hybrida), but the underlying signaling network is not well understood. Given that calcium regulates senescence in animals and plants, we explored the role of calcium in petal senescence. Here, we report that the expression of calcineurin B-like protein 4 (RhCBL4), which encodes a calcium receptor, is induced by senescence and ethylene signaling in rose petals. RhCBL4 interacts with CBL-interacting protein kinase 3 (RhCIPK3), and both positively regulate petal senescence. Furthermore, we determined that RhCIPK3 interacts with the jasmonic acid response repressor jasmonate ZIM-domain 5 (RhJAZ5). RhCIPK3 phosphorylates RhJAZ5 and promotes its degradation in the presence of ethylene. Our results reveal that the RhCBL4-RhCIPK3-RhJAZ5 module mediates ethylene-regulated petal senescence. These findings provide insights into flower senescence, which may facilitate innovations in postharvest technology for extending rose flower longevity.
Morphology and morphometry of the spinal cord and meninges in Egyptian Baladi goat (Capra hircus): Stereomicroscopy of blue‐stained gray matter

The study objective is to obtain normal morphology and morphometric data from Baladi goat spinal cord segments. Using Tompsett's technique for staining gray matter with a blue stain allowed us to calculate the quantity or area of gray and white matter and thus the total area of each segment. The spinal cord of the goat started at the extent of the middle‐third of the occipital condyles, and the tapered end of the spinal cord terminated at the center of the first sacral vertebra. The total length of the spinal cord was 73.3 ± 2.5 cm on average. C3 was the longest spinal segment, measuring 3.95 cm. The gray matter area had a high value at the cervical and lumbar enlargements, with C8 having the highest value of gray matter cross sectional area at 12 mm2 and C7 having the highest value of white matter cross sectional area at 42 mm2. The area of white matter of the cervical region was higher than that of the other spinal regions. At C7, the total cross section area reached its maximum of 53 mm2. The cervical enlargement included segments from C6 to T1, while the lumbar enlargement included L5 to S1. The dura mater is connected cranially to the dens of the axis and caudally to the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae. The epidural space height between lumbar vertebrae was 2 mm in all lumbar spaces and 3 mm in the lumbosacral space. The normal morphology and morphometric data of the goat spinal cord segments may be useful in pathological conditions of the spinal cord and during epidural anaesthesia technique.
Wall‐associated kinase BrWAK1 confers resistance to downy mildew in Brassica rapa

Summary The plant cell wall is the first line of defence against physical damage and pathogen attack. Wall‐associated kinase (WAK) has the ability to perceive the changes in the cell wall matrix and transform signals into the cytoplasm, being involved in plant development and the defence response. Downy mildew, caused by Hyaloperonospora brassicae, can result in a massive loss in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) production. Herein, we identified a candidate resistant WAK gene, BrWAK1, in a major resistant quantitative trait locus, using a double haploid population derived from resistant inbred line T12–19 and the susceptible line 91–112. The expression of BrWAK1 could be induced by salicylic acid and pathogen inoculation. Expression of BrWAK1 in 91–112 could significantly enhance resistance to the pathogen, while truncating BrWAK1 in T12–19 increased disease susceptibility. Variation in the extracellular galacturonan binding (GUB) domain of BrWAK1 was found to mainly confer resistance to downy mildew in T12–19. Moreover, BrWAK1 was proved to interact with BrBAK1 (brassinosteroid insensitive 1 associated kinase), resulting in the activation of the downstream mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade to trigger the defence response. BrWAK1 is the first identified and thoroughly characterized WAK gene conferring disease resistance in Chinese cabbage, and the plant biomass is not significantly influenced by BrWAK1, which will greatly accelerate Chinese cabbage breeding for downy mildew resistance.
Preservation media analysis for ex vivo measurements of endogenous UV fluorescence of liver fibrosis in bulk samples

Non-subjective, minimally-invasive, and quantifying techniques may support development and evaluation of a fibrosis regression treatment. The build-up of extracellular matrix in liver fibrosis may result on changes of the endogenous fluorescence of tissue. In this work, we evaluate the fluorescence excitation/emission matrix in the UV range for several bulk samples of murine hepatic tissue preserved in different media. Chemical changes on tissue, caused by formaldehyde preservation, alter the endogenous fluorescence spectra. To avoid these drawbacks, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or Iscove’s Modified Dulbecco’s Medium were used. PBS buffer showed to be the less harmful and cost-effective preservation medium to study the endogenous fluorescence in fibrotic tissue.
The Validation and Modification of the Caprini Risk Assessment Model for Evaluating Venous Thromboembolism after Joint Arthroplasty

Background The Caprini risk assessment model (RAM) is the most commonly used tool for evaluating venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk, a high score for arthroplasty can result in patients being classified as high risk for VTE. Therefore, its value in post-arthroplasty has been subject to debate. Methods Retrospective data were collected from patients who underwent arthroplasty between August 2015 and December 2021. The study cohort included 3,807 patients, all of whom underwent a thorough evaluation using Caprini RAM and vascular Doppler ultrasonography preoperatively. Results A total of 432 individuals (11.35%) developed VTE, while 3,375 did not. Furthermore, 32 (0.84%) presented with symptomatic VTE, while 400 (10.51%) were detected as asymptomatic. Additionally, 368 (9.67%) VTE events occurred during the hospitalization period, and 64 (1.68%) cases were detected during postdischarge follow-up. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between the VTE and non-VTE groups in terms of ages, blood loss, D-dimer, body mass index >25, visible varicose veins, swollen legs, smoking, history of blood clots, broken hip, percent of female, hypertension, and knee joint arthroplasty ( p < 0.05). The Caprini score was found to be significantly higher in the VTE group (10.10 ± 2.23) compared with the non-VTE group (9.35 ± 2.14) ( p < 0.001). Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between the incidence of VTE and the Caprini score ( r = 0.775, p = 0.003). Patients with a score ≥9 are at a high-risk threshold for postoperative VTE. Conclusion The Caprini RAM shows a significant correlation with the occurrence of VTE. A higher score indicates a greater likelihood of developing VTE. The score ≥9 is at particularly high risk of developing VTE.
The Frequency of Association of Nail Involvement and Psoriatic Arthritis in Psoriasis Patients

Objective: While the relationship between psoriatic arthritis and skin findings is well-known in patients with psoriasis, the relationship between psoriatic arthritis and nail involvement is less known. In this study, it was aimed to examine the frequency of association between nail involvement and psoriatic arthritis in patients with psoriasis. Materials and Methods: Our study is a retrospective observational study. It was conducted with 250 registered patients who applied to the dermatology polyclinic and clinic of our university hospital. The follow-up forms of the patients were scanned retrospectively and the findings were recorded. Results: The average age of the 250 patients evaluated in this study was 39.62 ± 9.30, and 133 (53.2%) of them were women. The frequency of nail involvement in psoriasis patients was determined to be 36.8% (n = 92) and the frequency of arthritis was determined to be 8.8% (n = 22). Nail involvement was statistically significantly more common in those with arthritis, and nail involvement was present in all of those with arthritis (P < .001). Nail involvement was significantly more common in those with only arthralgia (P < .001). A significantly higher average of nail psoriasis severity index was found in those with both joint and nail involvement compared to those with only nail involvement (P < .001). There was no statistically significant difference in terms of psoriasis area severity index average (P = .235). Proximal and distal interphalangeal arthralgia and sacroiliac arthralgia were found significantly more frequently in those with nail involvement than in those without nail involvement (respectively P = .007 and P < .001). There was no statistically significant relationship between nail involvement with the presence of arthritis and the clinical type (respectively P = .288 and P = .955). Conclusion: Joint involvement and nail involvement in patients with psoriasis are closely related, and we think that nail and joint involvement in psoriasis patients should be evaluated together.
Fractional PD-IλDμ Error Manifolds for Robust Tracking Control of Robotic Manipulators

Linear proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller stands for the most widespread technique in industrial applications due to its simple structure and easy tuning rules. Recently, considering fractional orders λ and μ, there has been studied the fractional-order PIλDμ (FPID) controller to provide salient advantages in comparison to the conventional integer-order PID, such as, a more flexible structure and a preciser performance. In addition, proportional and derivative (PD) and PID error manifolds have been classically proposed; however, there remains the question on how FPID-like error manifolds perform for the control of nonlinear plants, such as robots. In this paper, this problem is addressed by proposing a PD-IλDμ error manifold for novel vector saturated control. The stability analysis shows convergence into a small vicinity of the origin, wherein, such hybrid combination of integer- and fractional-order error manifolds provides further insights into the closed-loop response of the nonlinear plant. Simulations studies are carried out to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed scheme.
Measuring anti-islet autoimmunity in mouse and human by profiling peripheral blood antigen-specific CD4 T cells

The endocrine pancreas is one of the most inaccessible organs of the human body. Its autoimmune attack leads to type 1 diabetes (T1D) in a genetically susceptible population and a lifelong need for exogenous insulin replacement. Monitoring disease progression by sampling peripheral blood would provide key insights into T1D immune-mediated mechanisms and potentially change preclinical diagnosis and the evaluation of therapeutic interventions. This effort has been limited to the measurement of circulating anti-islet antibodies, which despite a recognized diagnostic value, remain poorly predictive at the individual level for a fundamentally CD4 T cell–dependent disease. Here, peptide–major histocompatibility complex tetramers were used to profile blood anti-insulin CD4 T cells in mice and humans. While percentages of these were not directly informative, the state of activation of anti-insulin T cells measured by RNA and protein profiling was able to distinguish the absence of autoimmunity versus disease progression. Activated anti-insulin CD4 T cell were detected not only at time of diagnosis but also in patients with established disease and in some at-risk individuals. These results support the concept that antigen-specific CD4 T cells might be used to monitor autoimmunity in real time. This advance can inform our approach to T1D diagnosis and therapeutic interventions in the preclinical phase of anti-islet autoimmunity. Description Activation state of circulating anti-insulin CD4 T cells reflects the progression of anti-islet immunity. Editor’s summary Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease mediated by autoreactive CD4 T cells attacking insulin-producing islet cells in the pancreas. Although T1D is driven by aberrant T cell responses, anti-islet antibodies have been used as a diagnostic marker but are not always an effective predictor of disease progression. Sharma et al. now describe the use of peptide-major histocompatibility complex tetramers to profile anti-insulin CD4 T cells in peripheral blood. This method detected activated anti-insulin CD4 T cells at the time of diagnosis as well as in genetically at-risk individuals and those with established disease. These findings provide critical insights into the features of CD4 T cells associated with disease onset and can inform improvements in T1D diagnosis and therapeutics development. —Christiana Fogg
A New Old Budgett Frog: An Articulated Skeleton of an Early Pliocene Lepidobatrachus (Anura, Ceratophryidae) from Western Argentina

ABSTRACT The South American horned frogs or ‘escuerzos’ (Ceratophryidae) are among the best-known neobatrachians and comprise the genera Chacophrys, Ceratophrys, and Lepidobatrachus. Their relatively rich fossil record, which dates back to the Late Miocene and is largely concentrated in the Argentinean Pampas, consists mostly of variably complete cranial remains and comparatively few, mainly isolated, postcranial bones of Ceratophrys, whereas only three specimens of Lepidobatrachus are known. Here we describe two extra-Pampean ceratophryid records from the Upper Miocene–Lower Pliocene of Huayquerías del Este, Mendoza Province, Argentina, including Lepidobatrachus dibumartinez sp. nov. based on a well-preserved articulated skeleton. The new species is part of the stem of Lepidobatrachus and is diagnosed on the basis of several cranial and postcranial traits, including a large kite-shaped dorsal dermal shield. The new taxon sheds light on the evolution of a dorsal shield in the group, as well as on their paleobiogeographic history, adding support to the hypothesis of a broader ancestral distribution of Lepidobatrachus, whose diversification might have been triggered by the Late Miocene marine introgression of the Paranaense Sea. Also, it indicates that the prevalent climatic conditions during the Early Pliocene in western Argentina were much warmer and less dry than today. Finally, we discuss the potential value of the new records in calibrating the time-tree of Ceratophryidae.
Tormented visibility: Extremism, stigma, and staging resistance in Omar El-Khairy and Nadia Latif’s Homegrown

ABSTRACT This article examines the circumstances surrounding the cancellation of Omar El-Khairy and Nadia Latif’s play Homegrown in 2015. Commissioned by the National Youth Theatre, it was unexpectedly cancelled days before it was due to open. This move can be attributed to heightened sensitivity towards so-called “extreme” opinions of the kind Homegrown features, as the British government tightened definitions of unacceptable speech and placed the onus on civil society bodies to police it. Yet, as this article argues, Homegrown’s treatment can also be understood in terms of the historical commissioning processes for minority – especially Muslim – theatre, which privilege certain topics and modes of address that result in marginal communities’ continued stigmatization. From the outset, Homegrown was alert to these constraints and sought to counter them through a radical refusal to conduct its debates in the manner approved by the framing conventions of security discourse and the governing etiquette of post-9/11 theatre.
Hadamard product and related inequalities in the Jordan spin algebra

Due to its simple yet elegant structure, the study of an entry-wise product of matrices, called the Hadamard product, has received extensive attention from researchers and has expanded to various disciplines, including Euclidean Jordan algebras. As an ongoing effort to extend this product to Euclidean Jordan algebras, in this article, we propose a Hadamard product in the setting of Jordan spin algebra, , under the scheme of the Peirce decomposition, and show that it preserves the diagonal structure of the elements in the algebra. It is shown that this new product corresponds to the standard Hadamard product of symmetric matrices in the case of . Lastly, we prove that this novel product satisfies an analog of the Schur product theorem as well as the inequalities of Hadamard, Oppenheim, Fiedler, etc.
Fully Dynamic Shortest Paths and Reachability in Sparse Digraphs

We study the exact fully dynamic shortest paths problem. For real-weighted directed graphs, we show a deterministic fully dynamic data structure with e O ( mn 4 / 5 ) worst-case update time processing arbitrary s, t -distance queries in e O ( n 4 / 5 ) time. This constitutes the first non-trivial update/query tradeoff for this problem in the regime of sparse weighted directed graphs. Moreover, we give a Monte Carlo randomized fully dynamic reachability data structure processing single-edge updates in e O ( n √ m ) worst-case time and queries in O ( √ m ) time. For sparse digraphs, such a tradeoff has only been previously described with amortized update time [Roditty and Zwick, SIAM J. Comp. 2008].
Mobility Assisted Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy for IoT Based Sensor Networks in 5G and Beyond

One of the massive machine type communication (mMTC) applications for monitoring and sensing in 5G cellular network is the Internet of Things (IoT) based wireless sensor network (WSN). Non uniform battery usage by the nodes in these networks often results in creating energy holes or voids in the network making the network disconnected. An effective solution is to deploy multiple mobile nodes throughout the network, however finding optimal path for these mobile nodes is reported to be an NP hard problem. This paper proposes MAACH (Mobility Assisted Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy), an efficient mobility assisted clustering and routing framework for IoT based sensor network in 5G and beyond. Also, an elaborate method to calculate the exact path optimally for multiple mobile nodes is presented to alleviate non uniform energy dissipation of the sensing nodes. Simulation results show that our algorithm effectively finds the optimal trajectory of multiple mobile nodes in a distribute manner and also improves network stability period by 60-70% and the network lifetime by 70-90% across multiple network deployments.
On the simultaneous recovery of boundary heat transfer coefficient and initial heat status

Abstract Consider the heat conduction process with heat flux exchanges on the boundary of a 2-dimensional domain. The aim is to identify both the boundary heat exchange coefficient and the initial heat distribution simultaneously from the final measurement data of the heat field. We prove the uniqueness for this nonlinear inverse problem for the strictly positive exchange coefficient and initial heat distribution in terms of the maximal principle and the eigenfunction expansions. Then a regularizing scheme combining the data mollification and quasi-reversibility method along time direction together is established to recover two unknowns, with the choice strategies for the regularizing parameters and the error estimates on the regularizing solutions. The reconstruction implementations are carried out in terms of the potential representation of the heat field, with numerical examples showing the validity of the proposed scheme.