Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterizing the flush of stream chemical runoff from forested watersheds

A flush can be defined as stream chemical exhibiting higher concentrations during the prophase of a storm event at an event scale, or exhibiting progressively lower concentrations during several successive storms at a seasonal scale. Investigating the flush characteristics of chemical runoff from forested watersheds is important and helpful to understand the chemical dynamics as well as to design a sampling schedule strategy during storm events. Here, three parameters describing the flush characteristic are quantified and the flush characteristics of chemicals from four Japanese forested watersheds (Mie, Kochi, Nagano and Tokyo) were investigated at both event and seasonal levels. We found that the characteristics of the flush were complicated, and depended on the constituents of the hydrochemistry, climate and runoff quality. Generally, the flush occurs more readily for particulate components than for those in solution; the flush on nitrate‐nitrogen is weaker in regions of nitrogen saturation, such as Nagano and Tokyo, than in Mie and Kochi. Rainfall feature was the main factor controlling the flush of particulate components. However, the source available in a watershed plays a main role on the flushes of dissolve chemicals. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relation of certain geometrical features to the dielectric anomaly of rocks

We show that the real part of the dielectric constant e′ of rocks at low frequencies can be anomalously high due to the presence of a small concentration η of high aspect ratio particles. For oblate spheroidal grains (a≪b=c) with depolarization factor along symmetry (-a) axis, Ls≅1-δ, δ=πa/2b, the static value of the dielectric constant of rock es and dc conductivity σ(0) are given for (1)δ ηbyσ(0)≅σR(1-η/δ), es≅ηe′m/δ2. Here e′m is the dielectric constant of the grain; σR is the dc conductivity of the host rock. Case (1) corresponds to the well known Maxwell‐Wagner effect with es diverging as η → 0, and σ(0)→0. Case (2) gives a novel result that es may diverge for δ>η≫δ2, with a nonvanishing σ(0). Case (2) is applied to explain frequency and salinity dependences and the giant values (∼104) of the dielectric constant of conducting sedimentary rocks. For η∼10-4, δ∼10-3, e′m=10, we find es∼1000, which is large compared to e′m or the dielectric constant of water e′w(∼80).
Unintended pregnancy in the United States.

CONTEXT Current debates on how to reduce the high U.S. abortion rate often fail to take into account the role of unintended pregnancy, an important determinant of abortion. METHODS Data from the 1982, 1988 and 1995 cycles of the National Survey of Family Growth, supplemented by data from other sources, are used to estimate 1994 rates and percentages of unintended birth and pregnancy and the proportion of women who have experienced an unintended birth, an abortion or both. In addition, estimates are made of the proportion of women who will have had an abortion by age 45. RESULTS Excluding miscarriages, 49% of the pregnancies concluding in 1994 were unintended; 54% of these ended in abortion. Forty-eight percent of women aged 15-44 in 1994 had had at least one unplanned pregnancy sometime in their lives; 28% had had one or more unplanned births, 30% had had one or more abortions and 11% had had both. At 1994 rates, women can expect to have 1.42 unintended pregnancies by the time they are 45, and at 1992 rates, 43% of women will have had an abortion. Between 1987 and 1994, the unintended pregnancy rate declined by 16%, from 54 to 45 per 1,000 women of reproductive age. The proportion of unplanned pregnancies that ended in abortion increased among women aged 20 and older, but decreased among teenagers, who are now more likely than older women to continue their unplanned pregnancies. The unintended pregnancy rate was highest among women who were aged 18-24, unmarried, low-income, black or Hispanic. CONCLUSION Rates of unintended pregnancy have declined, probably as a result of higher contraceptive prevalence and use of more effective methods. Efforts to achieve further decreases should focus on reducing risky behavior, promoting the use of effective contraceptive methods and improving the effectiveness with which all methods are used.
Interferon-γ release assays for the diagnosis of active tuberculosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Department of Transplant and Infection Immunology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany; Hygiene and Preventive Medicine Institute, Sassari University, Sassari, Italy; Division of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany; European Research and Project Office GmbH Eurice, Saarbrucken, Germany; National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy; WHO Collaborating Centre for TB and Lung Diseases, Fondazione S. Maugeri, Care and Research Institute, Tradate, Italy; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology and University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Department of Microbiology, Institut dInvestigacio en Ciencies de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias, Institutio de Salud Carlos III, Badalona, Spain; Royal Free Hospital, London, UK; Universitatsspital Basel, Switzerland; University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden Corresponding author contact information: Christoph Lange, MD, PhD; Division of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Medical Clinic, Research Center Borstel, Parkallee 35, 23845 Borstel, Germany, phone +49 4537 188-332-0, fax +49 4537 188-313, email: clange@fzborstel.de . Published on September 16, 2010 as doi: 10.1183/09031936.00114810 ERJ Express
Team Cornell's Skynet: Robust perception and planning in an urban environment

Team Cornell's Skynet is an autonomous Chevrolet Tahoe built to compete in the 2007 DARPA Urban Challenge. Skynet consists of many unique subsystems, including actuation and power distribution designed in-house, a tightly coupled attitude and position estimator, a novel obstacle detection and tracking system, a system for augmenting position estimates with vision-based detection algorithms, a path planner based on physical vehicle constraints and a nonlinear optimization routine, and a state-based reasoning agent for obeying traffic laws. This paper describes these subsystems in detail before discussing the system's overall performance in the National Qualifying Event and the Urban Challenge. Logged data recorded at the National Qualifying Event and the Urban Challenge are presented and used to analyze the system's performance. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sensitivity of an oceanic general circulation model forced by satellite wind stress fields

Satellite wind and wind stress fields at the sea surface, derived from the scatterometers on European Remote Sensing satellites 1 and 2 (ERS-1 and ERS-2) are used to drive the ocean general circulation model (OGCM) “OPA” in the tropical oceans. The results of the impact of ERS winds are discussed in terms of the resulting thermocline, current structures, and sea level anomalies. Their adequacy is evaluated on the one hand by comparison with simulations forced by the Arpege-Climat model and on the other hand by comparison with measurements of the Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean (TAO) buoy network and of the TOPEX/Poseidon altimeter. Regarding annual mean values, the thermal and current responses of the OGCM forced by ERS winds are in good agreement with the TAO buoy observations, especially in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean. In these regions the South Equatorial Current, the Equatorial Undercurrent, and the thermocline features simulated by the OGCM forced by scatterometer wind fields are described. The impact of the ERS-1 winds is particularly significant to the description of the main oceanic variability. Compared to the TAO buoy observations, the high-frequency (a few weeks) and the low-frequency of the thermocline and zonal current variations are described. The correlation coefficients between the time series of the thermocline simulated by ERS winds and that observed by the TAO buoy network are highly significant; their mean value is 0.73, over the whole basin width, while it is 0.58 between Arpege model simulation and buoy observations. At the equator the time series of the zonal current simulated by the ERS winds, at three locations (110°W, 140°W, and 165°E) and at two depths, are compared to the TAO current meter and acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) measurements. The mean value of the significant correlation coefficients computed with the in situ measurements is 0.72 for ERS, while it is 0.51 for the Arpege-Climat model. Thus ERS wind fields through the OGCM generate more realistic current variations than those obtained with Arpege climate winds, and they are particularly efficient in capturing abrupt changes (“wind bursts”) which may be important regarding ocean dynamics.
Enriched environment ameliorates adult hippocampal neurogenesis de�cits in Tcf4 haploinsu�cient mice

Background: Transcription factor 4 (TCF4) has been linked to human neurodevelopmental disorders such as intellectual disability, Pitt-Hopkins Syndrome (PTHS), autism, and schizophrenia. Recent work demonstrated that TCF4 participates in the control of a wide range of neurodevelopmental processes in mammalian nervous system development including neural precursor proliferation, timing of differentiation, migration, dendritogenesis and synapse formation. TCF4 is highly expressed in the adult hippocampal dentate gyrus – one of the few brain regions where neural stem / progenitor cells generate new functional neurons throughout life. Results: We here investigated whether TCF4 haploinsu�ciency, which in humans causes non-syndromic forms of intellectual disability and PTHS, affects adult hippocampal neurogenesis, a process that is essential for hippocampal plasticity in rodents and potentially in humans. Young adult Tcf4 heterozygote knockout mice showed a major reduction in the level of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, which was at least in part caused by lower stem/progenitor cell numbers and impaired maturation and survival of adult-generated neurons. Interestingly, housing in an enriched environment was su�cient to enhance maturation and survival of new neurons and to substantially augment neurogenesis levels in Tcf4 heterozygote knockout mice. Conclusion: The present �ndings indicate that haploinsu�ciency for the intellectual disability- and PTHS-linked transcription factor TCF4 not only affects embryonic neurodevelopment but impedes neurogenesis in the hippocampus of adult mice. These �ndings suggest that TCF4 haploinsu�ciency may have a negative impact on hippocampal function throughout adulthood by impeding hippocampal neurogenesis.
A multiplex model of combining gene‐based, protein‐based, and metabolite‐based with positive and negative markers in urine for the early diagnosis of prostate cancer

Multiplex urine‐based assay emerged outperforms single biomarker (e.g., prostate‐specific antigen, PSA) for predicting prostate cancer (CaP), whereas its combined mode has to be fully optimized. Our aim is to determine whether a strategy of combining gene‐based, protein‐based, metabolite‐based with positive, negative makers in urine could optimize a multiplex model for detecting CaP.
MULTIYEAR DROUGHT SIMULATION1

: Previous studies on multiyear droughts have often been limited to the analysis of historic annual flow series. A major disadvantage in this approach can be described as the unavailability of long historic flow records needed to obtain a significant number of drought events for the analysis. To overcome this difficulty, the present study proposes to use synthetically generated annual flow series. A methodology is presented to model annual flows based on an analysis of the harmonic and stochastic properties of the observed flows. Once the model is determined, it can be utilized to generate a flow series of desired length so as to include many hydrologic cycles within the process. The key parameter for a successful drought study is the truncation level used to distinguish low flows from high flows. In this paper, a concept of selecting the truncation level is also presented. The drought simulation procedure is illustrated by a case study of the Pequest watershed in New Jersey. For the above watershed, multiyear droughts were derived from both historic and generated flow series. Three important drought parameters, namely, the duration, severity, and magnitude, were determined for each drought event, and their probability distributions were studied. It was found that gamma and log normal probaility functions produce the best fit for the duration and severity, respectively. The derived probability curves from generated flows can be reliably used to predict the longest drought duration and the largest drought severity within a given return period.
Meta-analysis of HNF1A-MODY3 Variants Among Human Population

Rachna Behl Panjab University, Chandigarh Nishtha Malhotra Delhi Vinay Joshi Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra Shruti Poojary Mumbai Sanniya Middha Chandigarh Shalini Gupta Guru Nanak Khalsa College of Arts Science and Commerce Arinola B. Olaonipekun University of Pretoria Ikechukwu Okoye Federal University Lokoja Bhushan Wagh MGM IBT: Mahatma Gandhi Mission Institute of Biosciences and Technology Dibyendu Biswas JIS institute of Advance studies and Research Chukwuemelie Aginah Enugu Nigeria Bhavya Saini Delhi Chinaza Nwanya University of Lagos Sopuluchukwu Ugwu University of Nigeria Anthony Modupe Federal University of Technology Akure Xuanyu S. Fang University of Massachusetts Boston Foluso Ogun le Obafemi Awolowo University Abdulrahman Tudu Ibrahim (  01167698@pw.edu.pl ) Warsaw University of Technology https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2604-7467
Infrared image analysis of volcanic thermal features: Láscar Volcano, Chile, 1984–1992

Fifteen Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images of Lascar volcano (Chile), recorded between December 1984 and April 1992, document the evolution of a lava dome within the summit crater. Four of the scenes were acquired at night. In every image, the two short-wavelength infrared bands, 5 and 7, have detected thermal radiation from the volcano. As a consequence of the Planck distribution function, the relative response of these two channels depends on the proportions of very hot (> 600°C) surfaces occupying tiny pixel areas and broader regions at moderate temperatures (< 280°C). Intercomparison of bands 5 and 7 thereby provides a means for interpreting TM thermal anomalies even in the absence of ground observations. Pronounced changes in the configuration and intensity of the Lascar anomaly suggest that the volcano has experienced at least two cycles of lava dome activity since 1984. The first of these progressed through a “cooling” period, possibly reflecting a reduced flux of magmatic volatiles at the surface, and culminated in an explosive eruption on September 16, 1986, which appears to have completely destroyed the inferred lava dome. The TM data indicate that a new dome had been emplaced by November 1987, more than 15 months before it was first discovered by local observers. Lascar's style of cyclical effusive and explosive activity is typical of many volcanoes, and the remote sensing techniques presented herein could be applied elsewhere.
Sampling Protocols for Permafrost‐Affected Soils

In the Arctic tundra and boreal regions, permafrost-affected soils (Gelisols) have segregated ice that accumulates and thaws during freeze–thaw cycles resulting in cryoturbated soils. These cryoturbated soils (Turbels) have warped, broken, or involuted horizons and cryostructures that require sampling protocols different than soils not affected by permafrost. We provide a general overview of the cryoturbated soil profi les associated with different cryogenic landscapes and landforms and a specifi c protocol for description and sampling pedons with permafrost. Peer Reviewed Papers
Architecture of the cytoplasmic face of the nuclear pore

The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is the sole bidirectional gateway for nucleocytoplasmic transport. Despite recent progress in elucidating the NPC symmetric core architecture, the asymmetrically decorated cytoplasmic face, essential for mRNA export and a hotspot for nucleoporin-associated diseases, has remained elusive. Here, we report a composite structure of the entire human cytoplasmic face obtained by combining biochemical reconstitution, crystal structure determination, docking into cryo-electron tomographic reconstructions, and physiological validation, accounting for a third of the NPC’s mass. Whereas an evolutionarily conserved ∼540 kDa hetero-hexameric cytoplasmic filament nucleoporin complex is anchored by species-specific motifs above the central transport channel, attachment of the pentameric NUP358 bundles depends on the double-ring arrangement of the coat nucleoporin complex. Our results and the predictive power of our composite structure provide a rich foundation for elucidating the molecular basis of mRNA export and nucleoporin diseases. One sentence summary An interdisciplinary analysis established the near-atomic molecular architecture of the cytoplasmic face of the human nuclear pore complex.
Rice Consumption in the United States: Evidence from Food Consumption Surveys

BackgroundLittle is known about rice consumption, related food intake patterns, and the nutritional contribution that rice provides in the diets of Americans.ObjectiveTo provide information about rice consumption in the United States and the diets of rice consumers.DesignData come from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (1994-1996) and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2001-2002). Respondents report 24-hour recall dietary intakes. The amount of rice available in foods is estimated using the Food Commodity Intake Database. Consumers are classified based on the amount of rice they consume in foods.SubjectsThe analysis includes information from adult individuals: 9,318 from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals and 4,744 from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.StatisticsWeighted percentages and mean values show the food and nutrient intake amounts. Logistic regression analysis is used to examine relationships among economic, social, and demographic factors that affect rice consumption.ResultsRice is consumed by a significant portion of the US adult population. Compared with others who did not consume rice, rice consumers consumed a smaller share of energy per day from fat and saturated fat; more iron and potassium; and more dietary fiber, meat, vegetables, and grains. Race/ethnicity and education are determinants of the probability of consuming rice, and more so than low-income status.ConclusionsRice consumers choose a diet that includes more vegetables, a smaller share of energy from fat and saturated fat, more dietary fiber and more iron than those who do not consume rice; the differences have remained relatively stable over the last decade. Accounting for race/ethnicity and income levels is important for better understanding of factors that affect food choices and for effective design of dietary interventions.
Making a Tiger's Day: Free-Operant Assessment and Environmental Enrichment

Problem behaviors occur often in captive wild animals due to stress and boredom. Environmental enrichment is one of the most successful methods to help minimize these types of behaviors in many captive wild animals. The current study investigated preferences of play items and scents for seven adult Bengal tigers in a Tiger Sanctuary using a free-operant preference assessment. Two subspecies of Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris) are represented. Six of the tigers are Panthera tigris tigris and one is Panthera tigris altaica. Three phases were run on each tiger, ultimately establishing a hierarchy of preferred play items and scents for each tiger included in the study. The significance of systematic manipulation of play items and scents (preference testing) with wild animals is discussed as well as the importance of caring for captive animals.
An analysis of tropical instability waves in a numerical model of the Pacific Ocean: 2. Generation and energetics of the waves

This work was supported by the Department of Com- merce/NOAA under grant NA56GP0026. One of the au- thors (SM) was partially supported by a NASA Global Change Fellowship NGT-30288. Another author (AB) was supported by a UCAR Postdoctoral Fellowship
Multiple occupancy crystals formed by purely repulsive soft particles

Recently, particular interest has been placed in the study of a strikingly counter-intuitive phenomenon: the clustering of purely repulsive soft particles. This contribution serves the purpose of both reviewing our current understanding of the multiple occupancy crystals and presenting details of recently developed tailor-cut approaches to the problem. We first indicate, by use of analytically tractable examples, how such a phenomenon can arise at all. We then show that the thermodynamic formalism has to be adapted when studying such systems and present a novel computer simulation technique apt to do so. Finally, we discuss the intriguing mechanical and structural responses of such systems upon increasing the density.
Role of ABCG2 in secretion into milk of the anti-inflammatory flunixin and its main metabolite: in vitro-in vivo correlation in mice and cows

Flunixin meglumine is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) widely used in veterinary medicine. It is indicated to treat inflammatory processes, pain and pyrexia in farm animals. In addition, it is one of the few NSAIDs approved for use in dairy cows, and consequently gives rise to concern regarding its milk residues. The ABCG2 efflux transporter is induced during lactation in the mammary gland and plays an important role in the secretion of different compounds into milk. Previous reports have demonstrated that bovine ABCG2 Y581S polymorphism increases fluoroquinolone levels in cow milk. However, the implication of this transporter in the secretion into milk of anti-inflammatory drugs has not yet been studied. The objective of this work was to study the role of ABCG2 in the secretion into milk of flunixin and its main metabolite, 5-hydroxyflunixin, using Abcg2 (-/-) mice, and to investigate the implication of the Y581S polymorphism in the secretion of these compounds into cow milk. Correlation with the in vitro situation was assessed by in vitro transport assays using MDCKII cells overexpressing murine and the two variants of the bovine transporter. Our results show that flunixin and 5-hydroxyflunixin are transported by ABCG2 and that this protein is responsible for their secretion into milk. Moreover, the Y581S polymorphism increases flunixin concentration into cow milk, but it does not affect milk secretion of 5-hydroxyflunixin. This result correlates with the differences in the in vitro transport of flunixin between the two bovine variants. These findings are relevant to the therapeutics of anti-inflammatory drugs. Results are reported as the mean ± standard deviation (SD). Normal distribution of data was tested by the Shapiro-Wilk test. Data with normal distribution was analyzed by the two-tailed Student´s test. Data with non-normal distribution were tested using Mann-Whitney U test. Differences were considered statistically significant when P < 0.05. Statistical analyses were carried out with the SPSS 24 software. that the Y581S ABCG2 polymorphism the milk secretion of the parental in dairy it does not affect secretion of 5OH-FLU into milk.