Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Double Sided Capacitive Miniaturised Accelerometer Based On Photovoltaic Etch Stop Technique

A double sided capacitive miniaturised accelerometer is presented. The photovoltaic etch stop technique, PHET [ 11, is used to simplify the device fabrication. P E T being a relatively new technique, the paper emphasises on the design rules required in order to have an etch stop. The device is an uniaxial accelerometer with practically no cross sensitivity, which can sense accelerations in the range of -5 to 5 g. The parasitic capacitances and the effects of the electric forces driving the device are cancelled out by its symmetry. The final device measures 2.2 . 2.0. 1.5 mm3.
Alelopatski potencijal lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) na klijavost sjemena i rast klijanaca povrća

Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi alelopatski potencijal lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) na klijavost sjemena i rast klijanaca rotkvice (Raphanus sativus L.), radiča (Cichorium intybus L. var. foliosum) i rajčice (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Vodeni ekstrakti pripremljeni od suhe nadzemne mase lucerne u tri koncentracije (1 %, 2,5 % i 5 %) testirani su u laboratorijskim uvjetima. Alelopatski potencijal lucerne ovisio je o test vrsti, koncentraciji vodenog ekstrakta te mjerenom parametru. Najslabije djelovanje zabilježeno je na klijavost te rast klijanaca rajčice. Povećanjem koncentracije vodenog ekstrakta povećavao se i negativni alelopatski potencijal. Najmanji utjecaj vodenih ekstrakata zabilježen je na suhu masu klijanaca test vrsta.
Theoretical and experimental characterization of self-heating in silicon integrated devices operating at low temperatures

The self-heating of Si devices operating in the 4 K<T<300 K range is discussed in this work. The temperature-dependent thermal time constant of a typical Si chip is calculated and compared to several electrical relaxation times. Thermal events may be indistinguishable from electrical events at low temperatures, and this makes the transient method an unreliable one for characterizing the cryogenic self-heating. A semi-analytical approach, which considers the temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity of Si, is used to calculate the steady-state thermal profile on the top surface of a Si IC where a device is dissipating power at different ambient temperatures. Theoretical results indicate that the temperature rises measured in earlier works cannot be due to the thermal properties of Si at low temperatures. A test chip containing several integrated Si devices is used to characterize experimentally the self-heating. The strong self-heating usually observed in Si devices operating at very low temperatures is dominated by the parasitic thermal resistance, of which the ceramic package is the main contributor. The dominance of this parasitic contribution decreases for an increasing ambient temperature and becomes similar to that of the Si device at 300 K.
Micromachined electrodes for biopotential measurements

We describe the microfabrication, packaging and testing of a micromachined dry biopotential electrode, (i.e., where electrolytic gel is not required). It consists of an array of micro-dimensioned, very sharp spikes, (i.e., needles) designed for penetration of human skin which circumvent high impedance problems associated with layers of the outer skin. The spikes are etched in silicon by deep reactive ion etching and are subsequently covered with a silver-silverchloride (Ag-AgCl) double layer. The electrode-skin-electrode impedance of dry spiked electrodes having a size of 4/spl times/4 mm/sup 2/ is reduced compared to standard electrodes using electrolytic gel and having a comparable size. Recorded low amplitude biopotentials resulting from the activity of the brain, (i.e., EEG signals) are of high quality, even for spiked electrodes as small as 2/spl times/2 mm/sup 2/. The spiked electrode offers a promising alternative to standard electrodes in biomedical applications and is of interest in research of new biomedical methods.
Complex systems in transition: the case of telecommunications next generation networks

This paper aims to examine the technological transition from PSTN (Public Switched Telecommunications Networks) to IP NGN (Internet Protocol Next Generation Network) of incumbent telecommunications service providers. The theoretical framework is based on the multi-level perspective of technological transitions and complexity science. We conducted interviews and analysis of documents such as reports, newspaper articles and official Internet websites. The main conclusions are: the disruptive technology characterizes the niche to regime level; complex products and systems (CoPS) are in the regime level and then the technology is not perceived as disruptive; the transition from PSTN to IP NGN is about building a ‘flexible factory of services’, where the network adapts to customers and not the opposite, and where users of small business may be able to compete head to head with large business. Palavras chave: Complex Products and Systems; Technological Transitions; Next Generation Networks.
A Switch On/Off Relaying Scheme in TDMB Cooperative System

Terrestrial Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (TDMB) is one popular broadcasting standard that enable digital television transmissions to hand held receivers and cooperative system take advantage of the broadcast nature of wireless channels, uses relay stations as virtual antennas. Relay stations are an attractive solution to penetrate the wireless system with lower transmitting power at the Base station. In this paper, we presented a scheme can switch on/off the power weighting ratio between Base station and Relay station in TDMB cooperative system. It will control the active relays in different channel propagations effectively.
Harnessing gene-gene interactions via an RNA-Sequencing network analysis framework improves precision medicine prediction in rheumatoid arthritis

The study of gene-gene interactions in RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) data has traditionally been hard owing the large number of genes detectable by Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). However, differential gene-gene pairs can inform our understanding of biological processes and yield improved prediction models. Here, we utilised four well curated pathway repositories obtaining 10,537 experimentally evaluated gene-gene interactions. We then extracted specific gene-gene interaction networks in synovial RNA-Seq to characterise histologically-defined pathotypes in early rheumatoid arthritis patients. Specific gene-gene networks were also leveraged to predict response to methotrexate-based disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy in the Pathobiology of Early Arthritis Cohort (PEAC). We statistically evaluated the differential interactions identified within each network using robust linear regression models, and the ability to predict response was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The analysis comparing different histological pathotypes showed a coherent molecular signature matching the histological changes and highlighting novel pathotype-specific gene interactions and mechanisms. Analysis of responders vs non-responders revealed higher expression of apoptosis regulating gene-gene interactions in patients with good response to conventional synthetic DMARD. Detailed analysis of interactions between pairs of network-linked genes identified the SOCS2/STAT2 ratio as predictive of treatment success, improving ROC area under curve (AUC) from 0.62 to 0.78. In conclusions, we demonstrate a novel, powerful method which harnesses gene interaction networks for leveraging biologically relevant gene-gene interactions leading to improved models for predicting treatment response.
Prediction of chaotic time series based on wavelet neural network

Wavelet neural network possesses the best function approximation ability, that is to say it has the ability to identify the model. Because the constricting model algorithm is different from common artificial neural network BP algorithm, it can effectively overcome intrinsic defect of common artificial neural network. Therefore the better prediction effect can be reached effectively. The paper gives a method of prediction model of chaotic time series based on wavelet neural network that enables prediction model to have not only wavelet good approximation property, but also neural network self-learning adaptive quality. The authors make use the method to predict sea clutter data.
Modelling the dynamic processes of channel migration

The paper details an integrated physical experimental and numerical model study undertaken to investigate the channel evolution processes. The experiments were conducted in a laboratory flume, in which channel evolution and bed level changes were observed. The numerical model was based on a joint two-dimensional hydrodynamic and sediment transport model. The numerical model prediction agreed generally well with the results of physical experiments and these two approaches were used jointly to investigate the dynamic channel shift process. A series of characteristic phenomena were reproduced including: the shallowing and widening of the initial channel, the formation and development of a regular sequence of alternate bars and pools, erosional bumps of the bank line and the evolution from a regular channel to an irregular channel with the occurrence of an abrupt shift of the main flow.
A new micromechanism for transformation of small displacements to large rotations for a VOA

New movement translation micromechanism (MTM) is proposed to transfer and amplify small in-plane displacement or movement into large out-of-plane vertical displacement or rotation. Based on this MTM, we may just apply 3-V dc load to generate 3.1-/spl mu/m in-plane movement, then 26.4/spl deg/ rotation angle of pop-up micromirror can be subsequently derived. An axial aligned fiber-to-fiber variable optical attenuator (VOA) device using the MTM, a U-shaped electrothermal actuator array, and the pop-up micromirror to reflect the attenuated light toward out-of-plane direction is designed and characterized. The proposed new VOA device achieves 37-dB attenuation range under 3-V dc load, while return loss, polarization-dependent loss, and wavelength-dependent loss at attenuation of 3 dB are measured as -45B, 0.05, and 0.28 dB. This new concept of steering a portion of input light toward out-of-plane direction is proven to be feasible for VOA applications.
Involvement levels of breast cancer patients—Seeking trusted hospital and physician

The active involvement levels of breast cancer patients (BCP) in treatment decisions range from 10% to 81%. We investigated the involvement levels of 179 Israeli breast cancer survivors, aged 30 to 81, in the choice of hospital, surgeon, surgical procedure, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. High involvement was documented in location decisions (operating hospital 77%, chemotherapy facility 82%) as opposed to low involvement in treatment decisions (chemotherapy 30%–38%, radiotherapy 25%, surgical procedure 31%). Involvement was influenced by hospital and surgeon reputation, education level, and income. BCPs actively choose their treating facility and staff, and then follow their doctor’s recommendations.
Open-Source Tool for Transforming CityGML Levels of Detail

Urban Building Energy Modelling (UBEM) requires adequate geometrical information to represent buildings in a 3D digital form. However, open data models usually lack essential information, such as building geometries, due to a lower granularity in available data. For heating demand simulations, this scarcity impacts the energy predictions and, thereby, questioning existing simulation workflows. In this paper, the authors present an open-source CityGML LoD Transformation (CityLDT) tool for upscaling or downscaling geometries of 3D spatial CityGML building models. With the current support of LoD0–2, this paper presents the adapted methodology and developed algorithms for transformations. Using the presented tool, the authors transform open CityGML datasets and conduct heating demand simulations in Modelica to validate the geometric processing of transformed building models.
Analysis of the Planar Magnetic Field of Linear Permanent Magnet Halbach Array

In this paper, the analytical solution to the planar magnetic field of a linear permanent magnet Halbach array is researched on. First, the magnetic field of a current surface is derived from the magnetic field produced by the molecular current of the permanent magnet. The magnetic fields of pieces of permanent magnet with vertical and diagonal magnetization direction are both solved by combining the magnetic field of current surfaces with different directions. Then the planar magnetic field of the entire linear permanent magnet Halbach array is obtained by calculating the vector addition of the magnetic field of all the permanent magnet cubes using Denavit-Hartenberg (D-H) transform technique, which yields the closed-form analytical expressions. The analytical algorithm proposed in this paper can be utilized to design and optimize the Halbach array, which in result can greatly simplify the calculation and expedite the progress. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated by the finite element analysis software Maxwell.
Modeling, simulation, and analysis of permanent-magnet motor drives. II. The brushless DC motor drive

For pt.I see ibid., vol.25, no.2, p.265-73 (1989). The authors develop a phase variable model of the BDCM (brushless DC motor) and use it to examine the performance of a BDCM speed servo drive system when fed by hysteresis and pulsewidth-modulated (PWM) current controllers. Particular attention was paid to the motor large-signal and small-signal dynamics and motor torque pulsations. The simulation included the state-space model of the motor and speed controller and real-time model of the inverter switches. Every instance of a power device turning on or off was simulated to calculate the current oscillations and resulting torque pulsations. The results indicate that the small- and large-signal responses are very similar. This result is only true when the timing of the input phase currents with the back EMF (electromotive force) is correct. The large-signal and small-signal speed response is the same whether PWM or hysteresis current controllers are used. This is because, even though the torque pulsations may be different due to the use of different current controllers, the average value which determines the overall speed response is the same. >
Gardnerella vaginalis in Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection Is Associated with Dysbiosis of the Bladder Microbiome

Recent studies on the urine microbiome have highlighted the importance of the gut–vagina–bladder axis in recurrent urinary tract infection (rUTI). In particular, the role of Gardnerella as a covert pathogen that activates E. coli in animal experiments has been reported. Herein, we conducted a human bladder microbiome study to investigate the effect of Gardnerella on rUTI. Urine 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing via transurethral catheterization was conducted in the normal control group (NC) (n = 18) and rUTI group (n = 78). The positive detection rate of Gardnerella species did not differ between the NC and rUTI groups (22.2% vs. 18.0%, p = 0.677). In addition, the Gardnerella-positive NC and Gardnerella-positive rUTI groups showed similar levels of microbiome diversity. The Gardnerella-positive group was categorized into three subgroups: the Escherichia-dominant group, Gardnerella-dominant group, and Lactobacillus-dominant group. All of the Escherichia-dominant groups were associated with rUTI. The Gardnerella-dominant or Lactobacillus-dominant groups expressed rUTI with symptoms when risk factors such as the degree of Gardnerella proliferation or causative agents of bacterial vaginosis were present. The presence of Gardnerella in the urine is considered to be related to rUTI depending on other risk factors. New guideline recommendations regarding antibiotic selection based on a novel method to detect the cause of rUTI may be required to reduce antibiotic resistance.
Production and Partial Characterization of α-Amylase Enzyme from Marine Actinomycetes

Amylase producing actinobacteria were isolated and characterized from terrestrial environment. There are a limited number of reports investigating the marine environment; hence, in the present study, four marine enzymes were tested for their amylase production ability. On starch agar plates, the Streptomyces rochei strain showed a higher hydrolytic zone (24 mm) than the other isolates. Growth under optimized culture conditions using Plackett-Burman's experimental design led to a 1.7, 9.8, 7.7, and 3.12-fold increase for the isolates S. griseorubens, S. rochei, S. parvus, and Streptomyces sp. , respectively, in the specific activity measurement. When applying the Box-Behnken design on S. rochei using the most significant parameters (starch, K2HPO4, pH, and temperature), there was a 12.22-fold increase in the specific activity measurement 7.37 U/mg. The α-amylase was partially purified, and its molecular weight was determined using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. α-Amylase was particularly active at pH 6 and 65°C. The purified enzyme was most active at 65°C and pH 6, thermal stability of 70°C for 40 min, and salt concentration of 1 M with Km and Vmax of 6.58 mg/ml and 21.93 μmol/ml/min, respectively. The α-amylase was improved by adding Cu+2, Zn+2, and Fe+2 (152.21%, 207.24%, and 111.89%). Increased production of α-amylase enzyme by S. rochei KR108310 leads to production of significant industrial products.
EVOLUTIONARY TECHNIQUE FOR LOGISTICS NETWORK DESIGN: STATE-OF-THE-ART SURVEY

The use of evolutionary techniques in the logistics networks design has been growing the last decades due to the fact that the logistics networks design problem is an NP hard problem. This paper examines recent developments in the field of evolutionary optimization for logistics. A number of papers in various areas are highlighted that give good points of evolutionary techniques. A wide range of strategies to approach the problem is covered as follows: first, we apply the hybrid Genetic Algorithm (hGA) approach for solving Fixed Charge Transportation Problem (fcTP). We have done several numerical experiments and compared the results with those of a simple GA. The proposed approach is more effective in larger size than benchmark test problems. Second, we give the recent GA approach for solving Multistage Logistic Network Problems. Third, we introduce Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) and variants of VRP. We apply the priority-based Genetic Algorithm (pGA) approach for solving Multi-depot vehicle routing problem with time windows (mdVRP-tw). Fourth, we discuss the distribution centre location problem of a distribution system which consists of customers and a number of distribution centres to be located. We adopt a hybrid genetic algorithm (hGA) method to find the global or near global optimal solution for the locationallocation problem. Fifth, as a case study model, practical logistics applications to find the optimal routing will be introduced. Last, we model an automated guided vehicles (AGV) system by using network structure. This network model of an AGV dispatching system has simplex decision variables; considering most of the AGV problem’s constraints. Furthermore, we apply an evolutionary approach for solving this problem with minimizing the time required to complete all jobs (i.e., makespan). The aims of this paper are to illustrate state-ofthe-art survey in the evolutionary technique for logistics network design.
Influence of the Reynolds Number on Spar Vortex Induced Motions (VIM): Multiple Scale Model Test Comparisons

There have been a number of publications on spar Vortex-Induced-Motions (VIM) model testing procedures and results over the past few years. All tests allowing full 6 DOF response to date have been done under sub-critical Reynolds Number conditions. Prior to 2006 tests under super-Critical Reynolds Number conditions had only been done with a fully submerged 1 DOF rig. Early in 2006, a series of Spar VIM experiments was undertaken in three different facilities: Force Technology in Denmark, the David Taylor Model Basin in Bethesda Maryland and UC Berkeley in California. The motivation of this work was to investigate the effect of Reynolds Number and hull appurtenances on spar vortex induced motions (VIM) for a vertically moored 6DOF truss spar hull model with strakes. The three series of tests were done at both sub and super-critical Reynolds Numbers, with matching Froude Numbers. In order to assess the importance of appurtenances (chains, pipes and anodes) and current heading on strake effectiveness, tests were done with several sets of appurtenances, and at various headings and reduced velocities. These experiments were unique and groundbreaking in many ways: • For the first time the issue of scalability of Spar VIM experiments has been addressed and tested in a systematic way. • For the first time the effect of appurtenances (pipes, chains and anodes) was systematically tested. • The model tested at the David Taylor Model Basin (DTMB) had a diameter of 5.8′ and a weight of 15,600 lbs. It is the largest spar model ever tested. Furthermore the DTMB tests series is the only supercritical spar VIM performed with a six degree of freedom (6DOF) rig. This paper describes the three model tests campaigns, focusing on the efforts made to ensure three complete geo-similar programs, and on the significant findings of these tests, effectively that the influence of Re is to add some conservativeness in the results as the testing scale is smaller.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Aircraft Dynamics and Automatic Control

From the Publisher: Aeronautical engineers concerned with the analysis of aircraft dynamics and the synthesis of aircraft flight control systems will find an indispensable tool in this analytical treatment of the subject. Approaching these two fields with the conviction that an understanding of either one can illuminate the other, the authors have summarized selected, interconnected techniques that facilitate a high level of insight into the essence of complex systems problems. These techniques are suitable for establishing nominal system designs, for forecasting off-nominal problems, and for diagnosing the root causes of problems that almost inevitably occur in the design process. A complete and self-contained work, the text discusses the early history of aircraft dynamics and control, mathematical models of linear system elements, feedback system analysis, vehicle equations of motion, longitudinal and lateral dynamics, and elementary longitudinal and lateral feedback control. The discussion concludes with such topics as the system design process, inputs and system performance assessment, and multi-loop flight control systems.