Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An examination of retrieval practice and production training in the treatment of lexical-semantic comprehension deficits in aphasia.

OBJECTIVE Little research has addressed the treatment of lexical-semantic comprehension deficits (i.e., difficulty retrieving the meanings of words) in people with aphasia (PWA). Research suggests that practice retrieving names for depicted objects from long-term memory (production-based retrieval practice) more strongly benefits word retrieval for production in PWA compared to errorless learning (i.e., word repetition), which eschews retrieval practice. This study assessed whether production-based and comprehension-based retrieval practice enhance performance on errorful word-comprehension items in PWA measured relative to nonretrieval forms of training and untrained control items. METHOD In a within-participant group study of PWA, errorful comprehension items were assigned to (a) a production-based training module (retrieval practice vs. errorless learning); (b) a comprehension-based training module (a receptive form of retrieval practice vs. restudy). Each module comprised one training session and a 1-day and 1-week comprehension posttest on the module's trained items and an untrained item set. RESULTS The comprehension module conditions produced similar and superior posttest performance relative to untrained items. Both production module conditions improved posttest performance relative to untrained items, with retrieval practice conferring more durable learning and generalization indicative of refinement of semantic representations compared to errorless learning. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest comprehension- and production-based forms of training are both beneficial for improving lexical-semantic deficits in aphasia, with production-based retrieval practice conferring additional benefits to the targeted deficit compared to errorless learning. Future studies should examine these learning factors in schedules of training more commensurate with clinical practice and in other neurological populations (e.g., semantic dementia). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Measurement of Heart Rate Using the Withings ScanWatch Device During Free-living Activities: Validation Study

Background Wrist-worn devices that incorporate photoplethysmography (PPG) sensing represent an exciting means of measuring heart rate (HR). A number of studies have evaluated the accuracy of HR measurements produced by these devices in controlled laboratory environments. However, it is also important to establish the accuracy of measurements produced by these devices outside the laboratory, in real-world, consumer use conditions. Objective This study sought to examine the accuracy of HR measurements produced by the Withings ScanWatch during free-living activities. Methods A sample of convenience of 7 participants volunteered (3 male and 4 female; mean age 64, SD 10 years; mean height 164, SD 4 cm; mean weight 77, SD 16 kg) to take part in this real-world validation study. Participants were instructed to wear the ScanWatch for a 12-hour period on their nondominant wrist as they went about their day-to-day activities. A Polar H10 heart rate sensor was used as the criterion measure of HR. Participants used a study diary to document activities undertaken during the 12-hour study period. These activities were classified according to the 11 following domains: desk work, eat or drink, exercise, gardening, household activities, self-care, shopping, sitting, sleep, travel, and walking. Validity was assessed using the Bland-Altman analysis, concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). Results Across all activity domains, the ScanWatch measured HR with MAPE values <10%, except for the shopping activity domain (MAPE=10.8%). The activity domains that were more sedentary in nature (eg, desk work, eat or drink, and sitting) produced the most accurate HR measurements with a small mean bias and MAPE values <5%. Moderate to strong correlations (CCC=0.526-0.783) were observed between devices for all activity domains, except during the walking activity domain, which demonstrated a weak correlation (CCC=0.164) between devices. Conclusions The results of this study show that the ScanWatch measures HR with a degree of accuracy that is acceptable for general consumer use; however, it would not be suitable in circumstances where more accurate measurements of HR are required, such as in health care or in clinical trials. Overall, the ScanWatch was less accurate at measuring HR during ambulatory activities (eg, walking, gardening, and household activities) compared to more sedentary activities (eg, desk work, eat or drink, and sitting). Further larger-scale studies examining this device in different populations and during different activities are required.
Numerical Techniques for the Treatment of Quasistatic Solid Viscoelastic Stress Problems

Abstract : For quasistatic stress problems two alternative constitutive relationships expressing the stress in a linear viscoelastic solid body as a linear functional of the strain are derived. In conjunction with the equations of equilibrium, these form the mathematical models for the stress problems. These models are first discretized in the space domain using a finite element method and semi-discrete error estimates are presented corresponding to each constitutive relationship. Through the use respectively of quadrature rules and finite difference replacements each semi-discrete scheme is fully discretized into the time domain so that two practical algorithms suitable for the numerical stress analysis of linear viscoelastic solids are produced. The semi-discrete estimates are then also extended into the time domain to give spatially eta (exp 1) error estimates for each algorithm.
Fuzzy BIons in Curved Spacetimes

The non-abelian Dirac-Born-Infeld action is used to construct the D2-brane from multiple D0-branes in the curved spacetimes. After choosing the matrix elements as the coordinates of the D0-branes we obtain a simple formula of the Lagrangian for the system in a class of the curved background. Using the formula we first re-examine the system in the flat spacetime and show that, in addition to the fuzzy tube and fuzzy spike which were found in the previous literature, there is the fuzzy wormhole solution. Next, we apply the formula to the system in the geometry of the NS5-branes background. A solution describing the fuzzy BIon of spike profile is obtained. Our investigations show that the size of the matrices is finite for the fuzzy spike in the curved spacetimes.
Validation of Pathogenicity of Gene Variants in Fanconi Anemia Using Patient-derived Dermal Fibroblasts

Seon Young Park , Ph.D.*, Jong-Mi Lee , M.D., Ph.D.*, Myung-Jin Kim , Ph.D.*, Nack-Gyun Chung , M.D., Ph.D., Jung Bok Lee , Ph.D., Yonghwan Kim , Ph.D., and Myungshin Kim M.D., Ph.D. Department of Biological Sciences & Research Institute of Women’s Health, College of Natural Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Korea; Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea; Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
Development and validation of an RNA sequencing–based classifier for medullary thyroid carcinoma on thyroid FNA

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is an uncommon malignancy of C- cell origin that accounts for < 3% of all thyroid cancers. 1,2 However, the prognosis for MTC, which is derived from parafollicular C cells, has generally been worse than the prognosis for differentiated thyrocyte- derived carcinomas, and it thus accounts for a dispro-portionate number of deaths from thyroid carcinoma. The clinical course of MTC has been found to be largely stage- dependent. Ten- year survival for thyroid- confined MTC is ~ 90%– 100%, whereas for MTC with nodal and distant spread, 10- year survival is ~ 32% and ~ 17%, respectively. 3 It is well understood that earlier detection of MTC has led to improved outcomes and overall patient survival. 4– 8 Better imaging, biochemical testing, and advanced tissue- based diagnostic pathological protocols, all of which rely on sufficient access for patients to an equipped health care system, are all essential to this. As pathologists, though, we must have the tools to con-sistently make the best diagnosis when slides arrive at our desks. Fine- needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has limited sensitivity for the diagnosis of MTC, and ancillary testing may be essential for improving our diagnostic accuracy. 9,10 Molecular tests increasingly are being used in the diagnosis of thyroid lesions, and their validation for MTC consequently serves as a significant point of interest. This is the focus of a recent article by Randolph et al. 11 published in Thyroid , which serves as the basis for this commentary.
‘I’d have to fight for my life there’: a multicentre qualitative interview study of how socioeconomic background influences medical school choice

ABSTRACT Students from lower socio-economic backgrounds who were educated in state funded schools are underrepresented in medicine in the UK. Widening access to medical students from these backgrounds has become a key political and research priority. It is known that medical schools vary in the number of applicants attracted and accepted from non-traditional backgrounds but the reasons for this are poorly understood. This study aims to explore what applicants value when choosing medical schools to apply to and how this relates to their socioeconomic background. We conducted a multicentre qualitative interview study, purposively sampling applicants and recent entrants based on socioeconomic background, stage of application and medical school of application. We recruited participants from eight UK medical schools. Participants attended semi-structured interviews. We performed a framework analysis, identifying codes inductively from the data. Sixty-six individuals participated: 35 applicants and 31 first year medical students. Seven main themes were identified; course style, proximity to home, prestige, medical school culture, geographical area, university resources, and fitting in. These were prioritised differently depending on participants’ background. Participants from lower socioeconomic backgrounds described proximity to home as a higher priority. This was typically as they intended to be living at home for at least part of the course. Those from higher socioeconomic backgrounds were more concerned with the perceived prestige of medical schools. Since medicine is a highly selective course, only offered at a minority of UK higher education institutions, these differences in priorities may help explain observed differential patterns of medical school applications and success rates by applicant social background.
Assessing Shared Reading in Families at Risk: Does Quantity Predict Quality?

PURPOSE Quantity and quality of early at-home reading shape literacy outcomes. At-home reading frequency is a common outcome measure in interventions. This single measure may not fully capture the quality of early reading interactions, such as parent and child references to print, an important contributor to language and literacy outcomes. This study aims to evaluate if and how reported reading frequency and duration are associated with parent and child print referencing, controlling for perceived parenting self-efficacy, developmental knowledge, and child sex. METHOD This study is a secondary analysis of baseline data from a treatment study with parents (N = 30) and children (1;1-2;3 [years;months]) from underresourced households. Parents reported weekly reading episode frequency and duration (in minutes). We coded parent-child book-sharing interactions to quantify use of print references. RESULTS Negative binomial regression modeling suggested that parents who reported more weekly reading episodes tended to use more print references during interactions. However, reported reading time in minutes was not significantly associated with parents' print referencing. Parents' print references were also associated with perceived self-efficacy, developmental knowledge, and child sex. In our sample, parents used more print references with male children. Neither reading frequency nor reading time was associated with increased print referencing from children. CONCLUSIONS Duration of reading did not positively predict children's use of print references. However, weekly reading frequency positively predicted parents' use of print references. Parent perceived self-efficacy and knowledge may predict early interaction quality similarly to quantity of reading. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.20669094.
Metagenomic analysis of endemic viruses in oral secretions from Chinese pigs

Abstract Background Pigs are unique reservoirs for virus ecology. Despite the increased use of improved biosecurity measures, pig viruses readily circulate in Chinese swine farms. Objectives The main objective of this study was to examine archived swine oral secretion samples with a panel of pan‐species viral assays such that we might better describe the viral ecology of swine endemic viruses in Chinese farms. Methodology Two hundred (n = 200) swine oral secretion samples, collected during 2015 and 2016 from healthy pigs on six swine farms in two provinces in China, were screened with molecular pan‐species assays for coronaviruses (CoVs), adenoviruses (AdVs), enteroviruses (EVs), and paramyxoviruses (PMV). Samples were also screened for porcine circovirus (PCV) 3, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and influenza A virus (IAV). Results Among 200 swine oral secretion samples, 152 (76.0%) were found to have at least one viral detection. Thirty‐four samples (17%) were positive for more than one virus, including 24 (70.5%) with dual detection and 10 (29.5%) with triple detection. Seventy‐eight (39.0%) samples were positive for porcine AdVs, 22 (11.0%) were positive for porcine CoVs, 21 (10.5%) were positive for IAVs, 13 (6.5%) were positive for PCV, 7 (3.5%) were positive for PMV, six (3.0%) were positive for PRRSV and five (2.5%) were positive for porcine EV. Conclusion Our findings underscore the high prevalence of numerous viruses among production pigs in China and highlight the need for routine, periodic surveillance for novel virus emergence with the goal of protecting pigs.
Challenges of prenatal diagnosis of fetal hypoplastic aortic arch and predication of the need for intervention

Prenatal diagnosis of hypoplastic aortic arch and coarctation of aorta is still challenging and remains one of the most difficult cardiac defects to diagnose. The results reveal a significant improvement of prenatal diagnosis of hypoplastic arch and coarctation of aorta. The data also shows the significant overlapping of fetal aortic isthmus z score between the infants who need the arch procedure and those who do not.
Genetically proxied therapeutic prolyl-hydroxylase inhibition and cardiovascular risk

Abstract Prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitors are in clinical development for anaemia in chronic kidney disease. Epidemiological studies have reported conflicting results regarding safety of long-term therapeutic haemoglobin (Hgb) rises through PHD inhibition on risk of cardiovascular disease. Genetic variation in genes encoding PHDs can be used as partial proxies to investigate the potential effects of long-term Hgb rises. We used Mendelian randomization to investigate the effect of long-term Hgb level rises through genetically proxied PHD inhibition on coronary artery disease (CAD: 60 801 cases; 123 504 controls), myocardial infarction (MI: 42 561 cases; 123 504 controls) or stroke (40 585 cases; 406 111 controls). To further characterize long-term effects of Hgb level rises, we performed a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) in up to 451 099 UK Biobank individuals. Genetically proxied therapeutic PHD inhibition, equivalent to a 1.00 g/dl increase in Hgb levels, was not associated (at P < 0.05) with increased odds of CAD; odd ratio (OR) [95% confidence intervals (CI)] = 1.06 (0.84, 1.35), MI [OR (95% CI) = 1.02 (0.79, 1.33)] or stroke [OR (95% CI) = 0.91 (0.66, 1.24)]. PheWAS revealed associations with blood related phenotypes consistent with EGLN’s role, relevant kidney- and liver-related biomarkers like estimated glomerular filtration rate and microalbuminuria, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (Bonferroni-adjusted P < 5.42E-05) but these were not clinically meaningful. These findings suggest that long-term alterations in Hgb through PHD inhibition are unlikely to substantially increase cardiovascular disease risk; using large disease genome-wide association study data, we could exclude ORs of 1.35 for cardiovascular risk with a 1.00 g/dl increase in Hgb.
Rumors in Retweet: Ideological Asymmetry in the Failure to Correct Misinformation

We used supervised machine-learning techniques to examine ideological asymmetries in online rumor transmission. Although liberals were more likely than conservatives to communicate in general about the 2013 Boston Marathon bombings (Study 1, N = 26,422) and 2020 death of the sex trafficker Jeffrey Epstein (Study 2, N = 141,670), conservatives were more likely to share rumors. Rumor-spreading decreased among liberals following official correction, but it increased among conservatives. Marathon rumors were spread twice as often by conservatives pre-correction, and nearly 10 times more often post-correction. Epstein rumors were spread twice as often by conservatives pre-correction, and nearly, eight times more often post-correction. With respect to ideologically congenial rumors, conservatives circulated the rumor that the Clinton family was involved in Epstein’s death 18.6 times more often than liberals circulated the rumor that the Trump family was involved. More than 96% of all fake news domains were shared by conservative Twitter users.
Paralelización de factorización LU de matrices en clusters heterogéneos

Este trabajo presenta las ideas b asicasde paralelizaci on de la factorizaci onLU de matrices en clusters de computadoras interconectadas por redes Ethernet y las adaptaciones necesarias cuando las computadoras son heterog eneas. Inicialmente se describen las principales caracter sticas de la arquitectura paralela, que se tienen en cuenta para la paralelizaci on del algoritmo. Luego se describe el problema a resolver, dando una soluci on secuencial por bloques. A continuaci on se describe el algoritmo paralelo propuesto, present andose primero c omo se distribuyen los datos entre las m aquinas utilizadas y luego se muestra un pseudoc odigo del mismo. Se describe la experimentaci on realizada conel objetivo de identi car el rendimiento obtenido y/o los posibles problemas de rendimiento en un cluster heterog eneo. Luego se muestran los resultados obtenidos, siendo estos los tiempos tomados en las distintas ejecuciones y se hace un an alisis de los mismos. P or ultimo se describen las conclusiones y se presentan los pasos posibles pasos futuros.
Contribution of sociodemographic determinants in explaining the nutritional gap between the richest-poorest women of Bangladesh: A decomposition approach

Background Malnutrition among women disproportionately exists across socioeconomic classes of Bangladesh. According to our knowledge, studies which attempted to identify determinants and their contributions to explain BMI-based nutritional gap between the poorest and the richest categories of Wealth Index are still scarce. Objectives To identify the nutritional gap of women between the richest-poorest classes in Bangladesh, and to determine how much of this gap are attributed to differences in predictors and differences in coefficients. Study population Reproductive-aged (15–49 years) women of Bangladesh. Methods and procedures We utilized the latest round (2017–2018) data of the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS). Body mass index (BMI) has been used to measure the nutritional status of women. The kernel density was used to visualize the nutritional gap. The Oaxaca-Blinder (OB) decomposition method was used to ascertain influential determinants and their contributions to the existing gap between the richest-poorest classes of women. Results We analyzed the data of 18,682 reproductive-aged women. There was a significant mean BMI gap of 4.1 unit (95% CI: 3.90–4.35) between the poorest-richest (25.6 vs 21.5) women. The overall prevalence of underweight, overweight and obese were 11.8%, 33.8% and 15.4%, respectively. The richest women were less underweight (7.5%) but more overweight (23.7%) and obese (42.2%). In contrast, the poorest women were more underweight (32.0%) but less overweight (13.9%) and obese (7.0%). According to results of OB decomposition method, all predictors combinedly can explain 1.62 units (95% CI: 1.31–1.93) of the total mean BMI gap (equivalent to 40%). Some of the major predictors were women years of education (0.45 units, 95% CI: 0.27–0.64), spouse years of education (0.16 units, 95% CI: -0.02–0.34), current working status (0.17 units, 95% CI: 0.10–0.34), access to Television (0.50 units, 95% CI: 0.28–0.72), and place of residence (0.37 units, 95% CI: 0.22–0.72). The unexplained part of the poorest-richest gap was 2.51 units (95% CI: 2.13–2.89), which means that this particular gap will remain unchanged even though the mean difference of the predictors was diminished. Conclusions A large part of the nutritional gap (approximately 60%) between the poorest and richest classes of women are found to be unchanged by the predictors of the study. Therefore, further predictors should be identified to minimize such gap. Moreover, policy makers and relevant stakeholders should implement feasible strategies to minimize the existing differences in the major predictors.
Inhibition Predicts the Course of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms Among Adolescents

Abstract Numerous theoretical models suggest that inhibition difficulties—the inability to moderate automatic responses—contribute to the onset and/or maintenance of internalizing symptoms. Inhibition deficits and internalizing disorders run in families and share overlapping genetic risk factors, suggesting that inhibition deficits may be particularly prognostic of internalizing symptoms in those with high familial risk. This study tested this hypothesis in a longitudinal sample during the transition from adolescence to early adulthood. As hypothesized, prospective associations between inhibition and anxiety and depressive symptoms 8 years later were moderated by familial risk for depression. Specifically, poorer inhibition prospectively predicted greater anxiety and depressive symptoms in those at high (but not low) familial risk for major depressive disorder. These findings provide preliminary support for impaired inhibition as an indicator of risk for later internalizing symptoms in those at high familial risk.