Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CEOR_A_261520 669..681

1Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; 2School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; 3Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; 4Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Objective: Ensuring fair financial contribution is one of the main goals of the Health Transformation Plan (HTP) of Iran. This study aims to estimate socioeconomic inequality differences in catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) between urban and rural areas of Iran after the implementation of the HTP during 2017. Materials and Methods: Data from a representative survey of households’ income and xpenditure from the Iran Statistical Center (ISC) were used for the analysis. We applied the World Health Organization (WHO) cut-off of 40% payment for CHE, and Wagstaff’s normalized concentration index (C) to measure and decompose the inequality. Also, Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition analysis was used to decompose contributors of inequality differences between rural and urban areas. Results: The overall incidence of CHE among Iranian households during the year 2017 was 3.32% with a standard deviation (SD) of 17.91%, and the mean (SD) levels of CHE in rural and urban areas of Iran were 4.37% (20.45%) and 2.97% (16.99%), respectively. The aggregate socioeconomic status (SES)-related inequality in CHE was significantly (p<0.001) different from zero (C=−0.238) and there was a significant (p<0.05) difference between rural (C=-0.150) and urban (C=0.218) areas. SES was the highest contributor to inequality in both rural (130.09) and urban (144.17) areas. The Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition revealed that SES (175.01%) followed by outpatient services (120.29%) were the main contributors to differences in inequality in rural and urban areas. Sex (−101.42%) and health insurance coverage were among negative contributors to this inequality difference. Conclusion: Our findings revealed a significant pro-rich inequality in CHE. Also, some variables, such as sex and region, made different contributions in rural and urban areas. However, SES, itself, made the highest contribution in both areas and explained the greatest share of difference in inequality between the two areas. This issue calls for revision of the HTP to further address the risk of CHE and socioeconomic disparity among Iranian households, especially those with lowSES.
Hamiltonian with z as the Independent Variable

1 Problem Deduce the form of the Hamiltonian when z rather than t is considered to be the independent variable. Illustrate this for the case of a particle of charge q and mass m in an external electromagnetic field. 2 Solution This solution follows Appendix B of [1]. See also sec. 1.6 of [2]. For simplicity we consider only a single particle. 2.1 Use of t as the Independent Variable We recall the usual Hamiltonian description of a particle of charge q and mass m in external electromagnetic fields E and B, which can be deduced from scalar and vector potentials V and A (in some gauge) according to E = −∇V − 1 c ∂A ∂t , B = ∇ × A, (1) H t (x, y, z, p x , p y , p z) = E mech + qV = c m 2 c 2 + p 2 mech,x + p 2 mech,y + p 2 mech,z + qV (2) = c m 2 c 2 + (p x − qA x /c) 2 + (p y − qA y /c) 2 + (p z − qA z /c) 2 + qV, in Gaussian units, where c is the speed of light in vacuum, and the components of p = p mech + qA/c are the canonical momenta associated with coordinates x = (x, y, z). The subscript on H t indicates that time t is the independent variable in this Hamiltonian. Hamilton's equations of motion for this case are dx i dt = ∂H t ∂p i = c 2 p mech,i E mech = v i , (3) dp i dt = − ∂H t ∂x i = q j v j c ∂A j ∂x i − q ∂V ∂x i = dp mech,i dt + q c dA i dt = dp mech,i dt + q c ∂A i ∂t + q j v j c ∂A i ∂x j , (4) using the convective derivative dA/dt = ∂A/∂t + (v · ∇)A for the vector potential at the position of the moving particle. Hence,
E¡ect of lipoteichoic acid on the uptake of Streptococcus pyogenes by HEp-2 cells

Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is thought to play a role in the interactions between Streptococcus pyogenes and host cells. We have examined the effect of exogenous LTA on the adherence and entry of S. pyogenes JRS4 strain into HEp-2 epithelial cells. LTA markedly inhibited bacterial entry in a concentration-dependent manner, up to 250 W g ml 3 1 . In contrast, LTA had only a slight inhibitory effect on adherence. LTA also inhibited the entry but not adherence of Salmonella typhimurium strain into HEp-2 cells. Binding experiments showed a dose-dependent binding of LTA to cells up to 10 W g ml 3 1 . Confocal laser microscopy imaging and analysis revealed that LTA was internalized by the epithelial cells and colocalized with F-actin. These results might imply that, following binding, exogenous LTA enters HEp-2 cells and exerts a cytotoxic effect that interferes with bacterial internalization. A possible target for LTA activity might be the actin cytoskeleton, which is known to be essential for bacterial uptake. (cid:223) 2000 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Uniform moment bounds of multi-dimensional functions of discrete-time stochastic processes

We establish conditions for uniform $r$-th moment bound of certain $\R^d$-valued functions of a discrete-time stochastic process taking values in a general metric space. The conditions include an appropriate negative drift together with a uniform $L_p$ bound on the jumps of the process for $p > r + 1$. Applications of the result are given in connection to iterated function systems and biochemical reaction networks.
Computing Flow-Inducing Network Tolls

We consider the problem of computing tolls in non-atomic network routing games such that a predetermined ﬂow is realized as Nash ﬂow. It is a well-known fact that marginal cost tolls give rise to a Nash ﬂow that minimizes the total travel time. In this paper, we study the problem of computing such tolls such that an additional toll-dependent objective function is optimized. We consider a broad class of objective functions, including convex and min-max functions, and show that such tolls can be computed in polynomial time. We also consider the problem of computing tolls such that the number of tolled arcs is minimized. We prove that this problem is NP -hard and APX -hard, even for very restricted single-commodity networks, and give ﬁrst approximation results. Finally, we empirically evaluate the performance of our approximation algorithm on a set of real-world test instances.
Influence of HVDC Transmission on DC Bias of AC Grid and Its Treatment

With the rapid development of China’s electric power industry, the high-voltage and long-distance direct current (DC) transmission effectively solved the problem of uneven power distribution. When the high voltage direct current transmission is in unipolar operation or bipolar asymmetric operation, part of the DC current will flow into the transformer winding through the grounded neutral point, which will cause the DC bias problem. This article used CDEGS software for modeling, and introduced the process of CDEGS software for DC bias simulation modeling. In this paper, the DC bias model of regional power grid is first established, based on the Zhejiang power grid topology and the test soil resistivity date. Then the DC bias currents of the transformers are calculated, and finally the corresponding treatment measures are proposed. According to the governance measures, this article adjusted the simulation model. The calculation results show that the treatment measures have good effects, which can provide an important reference for the future treatment of transformer DC bias.
Nucleosomes in the neighborhood New roles for chromatin modifications in replication origin control

Every time a cell divides, its DNA must be replicated so that a complete genome is passed on to each daughter cell. DNA replication is a highly ordered process regulated by multiple mutually reinforcing mechanisms. Because eukaryotic replication begins at hundreds to thousands of sites—termed origins—within the genome, tight regulation and coordination of the initiation, or “firing,” of these origins is needed to ensure proper duplication of the DNA. Origins undergo three distinct regulatory phases that are coordinated with the cell cycle (Fig. 1). First, origins prepare for replication by assembling pre-replication complexes (preRC) during the G 1 phase of the cell cycle. PreRCs are assembled by the binding of the origin recognition complex (ORC) to DNA and
Conductive Polymer Metallized Vias: A New Approach for Substrate Integrated Waveguide Development

Substrate integrated waveguides (SIWs) have huge potential for the development of microwave and millimeter-wave components in modern communication devices. Herein, a novel approach based on the vacuum suction of conductive polymer is introduced to substitute classical Cu electroplating technique for the simple and rapid metallization of conductive vias embedded in the dielectric substrate. Various combinations of vacuum level and vacuum duration are tested on vias with different geometries. Meaningfully, with the proper control of these two parameters, the specific partial height via becomes achievable in a single-layer substrate. As a proof of concept, two bandstop SIW filters based on the partial height via resonator are developed in a self-made flexible substrate and a commercial rigid laminate. Relatively good agreement can be seen between the measured and simulated results of their reflection coefficients and resonant frequencies, which confirm the reliability and robustness of this approach for the future SIW development.
EFFECT OF TOLTRAZURIL AND AMPROLIUM PLUS IN BROILER CHICKENS INFECTED WITH COCCIDIOSIS

group were weighted, slaughtered and had bursal body weight index determined. Blood samples from slaughtered birds were divided into two portions, one for serum preparations for serology and clinical chemistry parameters, while the other portion was collected on EDTA for hematological study. 10 of the remaining birds from each group were subjected for virulent Newcastle diseases challenge. Results obtained showed that tolrazuril and amprolium plus administration individually at the therapeutic doses had valuable effect in the treatment of avian coccidiosis and simultaneous administration of both drugs had more potent curative effect and less effect on liver and kidney function parameters, meanwhile non of the used drugs proved immunosuppressive.
Building Energy Management System Using Powerline Communication

— Energy conservation is an important aspect in today’s scenario. Many systems have been developed in order to capitalize the energy consumption and conserve the energy, so that the control over energy consumption can be greatly achieved. There are various costs associated with the mismanagement of energy in commercial buildings. Even with renewable energy sources for electricity, prices rarely decrease. The increasing availability and affordability of wireless building and home automation networks has increased interest in residential and commercial building energy management. This interest has been coupled with an increased awareness of the environmental impact of energy generation and usage. Although building-level automation has been around for more than 40 years, there is renewed interest in automation for residential and commercial sites, especially around smart buildings and a smart grid. Power line communication (PLC) is today a viable technology for both low speed and high speed networking. Hence, the aim of the project is implementing building automation system using Power Line Communication. This report describes the introduction to LonWorks networks and power line communication and power line communication protocols and comparison among different power line modules, the need and importance of power line communication testing followed by simple network development for monitoring and controlling the energy usage in Building Energy Management System.
A Novel Edge Detection Technique using Gray-Level Spatial Correlation based on Statistical Parameters

: In this paper we propose a novel edge detection technique. Edges and noise pixels exhibits similar characteristics, unfortunately most of the existing techniques fails in generating the satisfactory results because they are not satisfying the criterion parameters of qualitative evaluation. There by, we introduce Gray Level Spatial Correlation technique based on a statistical parameter computed as the absolute difference between Global mean of entire image and local mean of a 3X3 map. The resultant similarity values other than 9 evident object edges; hence this technique eliminates most of the noise pixels and highlights the object edges. This approach can be further extended to describe the misclassification region or Region of Interest (ROI) for many supervised segmentation and threshold estimation methods. The results obtained are very promising in comparison with standard existing techniques. This method converges at low time complexities.
Confirmation of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in the Dinoflagellate Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressa and Bivalves in Palau*1

Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressa collected in Palau was confirmed to contain paralytic shellfish poisons at a high level of 1.5•~10-4MU/cell. The presence of gonyautoxin V (GTX5), neosaxitoxin (neoSTX), saxitoxin (STX), and two unidentified toxins coded tentatively as PBT1 and PBT2 were confirmed but gonyautoxins I-IV were undetectable, in contrast to Protogonyaulax spp. Molluscs were found to be highly infested by the toxins. The following toxins were identified: GTX5, neoSTX, STX, and PBT1 in Spondylus butleri; GTX5, STX, and PBTj in Tridacna crocea; GTX3, neoSTX, STX, and PBT1 in Septifer bilocularis. In these bivalves, however, the proportion of GTX5 and neoSTX was decreased while that of STX was increased. The population of P. bahamense var. compressa was relatively high inside Arumizu Bay, Korol, but was low outside the bay.
PREVALENCE OF DIABETES AND PREDIABETES IN PAKISTAN

: Aims: To determine the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and prediabetes among the population aged 40-74 years in Pakistan. Methods: This population-based cross-sectional survey, conducted between 2017 and 2018, invited 2186 randomly selected individuals Subjects were screened using finger capillary blood for glycosylated hemoglobin, type A1C, non-fasting random plasma glucose, fasting plasma glucose followed by oral glucose tolerance test. The test was based on an algorithm that accounts for screening, diagnostic and confirmatory steps. Anthropometric measures and a questionnaire including medical history, medication, hereditary conditions, and food intake were included. Conclusions The prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes increased with age and were more frequent among men.
THE CONSEQUENCE OF OVERALL ALSO VERTEBRAL ANESTHESIA ON NEUTROPHIL TO LYMPHOCYTE PROPORTION IN RESPONDENTS EXPERIENCING CESAREAN SEGMENT

: Objective: NLR has developed widespread freshly consequently that numerous researches were completed to discover extrapolative worth of Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in numerous diverse features of medical exercise. The main purpose of our current retrospective research remained to assess association among blood Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio also anesthetic procedures in respondents experiencing cesarean segment. Methodology: This existing research was conducted at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital Lahore from September 2018 to May 2018. In our current research, ninety respondents (ASA corporeal position 1 ∼ 2) experiencing elective cesarean segment experiencing backbone (Set-S: 45) otherwise overall anesthesia (Set-G: 45) remained with hindsight examined for neutrophil to lymphocyte proportion. Results: Demographic features of sets, quantity of hemorrhage, beforehand surgery hemoglobin standards, platelet sums, also Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio standards remained comparable in mutually backbone also overall anesthesia sets. Though, substantial variances remained detected through esteem to Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio standards in post-operational phase. Conclusion: Post-operational neutrophil to lymphocyte proportion in cases experiencing cesarean segment underneath vertebral anesthesia remained originate to remain expressively inferior as associated to overall anesthesia.
Diabetes in Children and Adolescents: What is New?

T1D is chronic T-cell mediated autoimmune disease, resulting from the interaction between various genetic and environmental factors [5]. Advances in genetics have led to the identification of several genes involved in the pathogenesis of T1D. HLA class-II alleles explain much of the genetic risk of T1D (about 30-50%). However, recent studies have shown that there are over 40 other genes (eg: Insulin genes, PTPN22, CTLA4, and IL2RA) that might contribute to the risk of developing T1D, although each individual allele has a small effect size in terms of overall risk [6]. Many chromosomal regions associated with T1D have been identified through Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS), although further studies are needed to identify the genes corresponding to these regions and their function. Recent studies have underlined the importance of combining GWAS studies with gene expression profiles and analysis of protein networks in order to better understand the genetic component of T1D [7].
A Review of Nanocarbon-Based Solutions for the Structural Health Monitoring of Composite Parts Used in Renewable Energies

: The growing demands for electrical energy, especially renewable, is boosting the development of wind turbines equipped with longer composite blades. To reduce the maintenance cost of such huge composite parts, the structural health monitoring (SHM) is an approach to anticipate and/or follow the structural behaviour along time. Apart from the development of traditional non-destructive testing methods, in order to reduce the use of intrusive instrumentation there is a growing interest for the development of “self-sensing materials”. An interesting route to achieve this, can be to introduce carbon nanoﬁllers such as nanotubes (CNT) in the composite structures, which enables to create systems that are sensitive to both strain and damage. This review aims at updating the state of the art of this topic so far. A ﬁrst overview of the existing SHM techniques for thermoset based wind turbine blades composites is presented. Then, the use of self-sensing materials for strain and damage sensing is presented. Different strategies are overviewed and discussed, from the design of conductive composites such as carbon ﬁbres reinforced polymers, to the elaboration of conductive nano-reinforced polymer composites. The origins of sensing mechanisms along with the percolation theory applied to nanoﬁllers dispersed in polymer matrices are also detailed.
DR 5.3: Coherent User Experience Recordings

Representing time-dependent information has become increasingly important for reasoning and querying services defined on top of RDF and OWL. In particular, addressing this task properly is vital for practical applications such as modern biographical information systems, but also for the Semantic Web/Web 2.0/Social Web in general. Extending binary relation instances with temporal information often translates into a massive proliferation of useless container objects when trying to keep the underlying RDF model. In this paper, we argue for directly extending RDF triples with further arguments in order to easily represent time-dependent factual knowledge and to allow for practical forms of reasoning. We also report on a freely available lightweight OWL ontology for representing biographical knowledge that models entities of interest via a tri-partite structure of the pairwise disjoint classes Abstract, Object, and Happening. Even though the ontology was manually developed utilizing the Protege ontology editor, and thus sticking to the triple model of RDF, the meta-modelling facilities allowed us to cross-classify all properties as being either synchronic or diachronic. When viewing the temporal arguments as "extra" arguments that only apply to relation instances, universal biographical knowledge from the ontology can still be described as if there is no time. Relation to WP. Formal basis for the storage and reasoning used in the PAL system.
Optimización de sistemas de prevención de riesgos laborales en entornos de trabajo conectados e inteligentes. Aplicación a la construcción 4.0

espanolLos programas de Horizonte 2020 y el conjunto de lineas de investigacion propuestas internacionalmente relacionadas con la Cuarta Revolucion Industrial o Industria 4.0, reflejan el interes y necesidad de ampliar el alcance de la gestion de los riesgos ocupacionales en los sistemas productivos desde el punto de vista de la digitalizacion y automatizacion para asegurar la proteccion integral del trabajador. Partiendo de esta situacion, y teniendo en cuenta el auge que en los ultimos anos esta teniendo la Industria 4.0 a traves del inicio de la Cuarta Revolucion Industrial en todos los sectores de actividad, habria que plantearse (1) cuales son los facilitadores tecnologicos y digitales mas idoneos para alcanzar la automatizacion y digitalizacion fomentada para el alcance de los sistemas de construccion inteligentes (Construccion 4.0), (2) como conseguir una integracion eficiente entre tecnologia y trabajador (productos inteligentes, wearables) y (3) la forma de configurar dicha integracion, como solucion al rapido aumento de la incorporacion de nuevas tecnologias, sistemas TIC y digitalizacion. En este contexto se desarrolla el presente articulo: teniendo en cuenta que el diseno actual de los dispositivos inteligentes aun no esta adaptado a entornos ocupacionales y considerando los nuevos retos para la construccion 4.0. EnglishThe Horizon 2020 programs and the set of internationally proposed research lines related to the Fourth Industrial Revolution or Industry 4.0 reflect the interest and need to broaden the scope of the management of occupational risks in the production systems from the point of view of digitization and automation to ensure the full protection of the worker. Starting from this situation, and taking into account the boom that Industry 4.0 is having in recent years through the start of the Fourth Industrial Revolution in all sectors of activity, we should consider (1) what the technological and digital facilitators are best suited to achieve the automation and digitalization promoted for the scope of intelligent construction systems (Construction 4.0), (2) how to achieve an efficient integration between technology and worker (intelligent products, wearables) and (3) how to configure such integration, as a solution to the rapid increase in the incorporation of new technologies, ICT systems and digitalisation. In this context the present article is developed: bearing in mind that the current design of intelligent devices is not yet adapted to occupational environments and considering the new challenges for construction 4.0.
Identi cation of Potential Biomarkers For The Prognosis, Diagnosis, And Targeted Therapy in Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma

Fang Cheng Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Qiang Li Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Jinglin Wang Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Yumei Wang Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Zhendi Wang Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Fang Zeng Huazhong University of Science and Technology Yu Zhang (  zhangwkp@163.com ) Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology