Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
as a diagnostic modality for detecting

Procedure Appropriateness Category Relative Radiation Level Radiography cervical spine Usually Not Appropriate ☢☢ Arteriography cervicocerebral Usually Not Appropriate ☢☢☢☢ CT cervical spine with IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate ☢☢☢☢ CT cervical spine without and with IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate ☢☢☢☢ CT cervical spine without IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate ☢☢☢☢ CT myelography cervical spine Usually Not Appropriate ☢☢☢ CTA neck with IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate ☢☢☢ MRA neck without and with IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate O MRA neck without IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate O MRI cervical spine without and with IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate O MRI cervical spine without IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate O US cervical spine Usually Not Appropriate O
Dynamics and Stability Analysis of a Tethered Unmanned Rotorcraft

Naval aviators use tethers to assist rotorcraft during ship board landing because of the ability to increase robustness against wind turbulence and to center the rotorcraft on the landing spot. Autonomous tethered landing with unmanned rotorcraft and automatic winch device for applying the tether force requires the knowledge of how the tether force impacts the wind affected dynamics of the rotorcraft. To this day, the inŕuences of applied tether force and wind velocity on robustness and stability of the rotorcraft have been little explored. In this paper, we present an analysis of the dynamics and stability of a nonlinear model of a small-scale tethered rotorcraft. We develop a simpliőed model of a rotorcraft’s longitudinal dynamics and vary model parameters including tether force, trim conditions
CAMBRIDGE WORKING PAPERS IN ECONOMICS Political markets as equity price factors

There is a gap in the existing literature for models linking prices in prediction markets with those for financial markets. We bridge this gap using a model based on the assumption that a binary political event has a constant effect on the difference of the conditional expectations of financial prices, given that event. This leads to a model where returns can be partitioned into a political factor, driven by changes in the likelihood of an election outcome, and a non-political component. Contrary to the existing literature, this model is based on economic principles and applies in a general setting. This model is naturally extended to equities using the Fama-French 5 factors to model the non-political part of returns variance. We test the model for six elections and referendums from the US and UK. Strong support is found for the theory for four events, and weak evidence for one. The remaining election, the 2017 UK general election, does not appear informative for asset prices. An exploration of the political factor loadings reveals pleasing relationships between firm characteristics and political sensitivity. Internationalisation of revenue, location and nationalisation risk are found to be significant. This is consistent with the existing literature, as well as the idea that firms can diversify away from local political risk using offshore sales. Reference Details CWPE 2264 Published 3 November 2022 Revised 23 February 2023
Nomogram for Prediction of Postoperative Delirium after Deep Brain Stimulation of Subthalamic Nucleus in Parkinson's Disease under General Anesthesia

Introduction Postoperative delirium can increase cognitive impairment and mortality in patients with Parkinson's disease. The purpose of this study was to develop and internally validate a clinical prediction model of delirium after deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's disease under general anesthesia. Methods We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study on the data of 240 patients with Parkinson's disease who underwent deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus under general anesthesia. Demographic characteristics, clinical evaluation, imaging data, laboratory data, and surgical anesthesia information were collected. Multivariate logistic regression was used to develop the prediction model for postoperative delirium. Results A total of 159 patients were included in the cohort, of which 38 (23.90%) had postoperative delirium. Smoking (OR 4.51, 95% CI 1.56–13.02, p < 0.01) was the most important risk factor; other independent predictors were orthostatic hypotension (OR 3.42, 95% CI 0.90–13.06, p=0.07), inhibitors of type-B monoamine oxidase (OR 3.07, 95% CI 1.17–8.04, p=0.02), preoperative MRI with silent brain ischemia or infarction (OR 2.36, 95% CI 0.90–6.14, p=0.08), Hamilton anxiety scale score (OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.28–3.50, p < 0.01), and apolipoprotein E level in plasma (OR 1.48, 95% CI 0.95–2.29, p=0.08). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.76 (95% CI 0.66–0.86). A nomogram was established and showed good calibration and clinical predictive capacity. After bootstrap for internal verification, the AUC was 0.74 (95% CI 0.66–0.83). Conclusion This study provides evidence for the independent inducing factors of delirium after deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's disease under general anesthesia. By predicting the development of delirium, our model may identify high-risk groups that can benefit from early or preventive intervention.
ON THE NUMBER OF INVARIANT EINSTEIN METRICS ON A COMPACT HOMOGENEOUS SPACE, NEWTON POLYTOPES AND CONTRACTIONS OF LIE ALGEBRAS

We associate to a homogeneous manifold M = G/H, with a simple spectrum of the isotropy representation, a compact convex polytope PM which is the Newton polytope of the rational function s(t) and that to each invariant metric t of M associates its scalar curvature. We estimate the number of isolate invariant holomorphic Einstein metrics (up to homothety) on Mℂ = Gℂ/Hℂ. Using the results of A. G. Kouchnirenko and D. N. Bernstein, we prove that , where ν(M) is the integer volume of PM, and give conditions when the defect . In case when G is a compact semisimple Lie group, the positiveness of d(M) is related with the existence of Ricci-flat holomorphic metric on a complexification of a noncompact homogeneous space Mγ = Gγ/HP which is a contraction of M and is associated with a proper face γ of PM.
Sudden Radiative Braking in Colliding Hot-Star Winds

Hot, massive stars have strong stellar winds, and in hot-star binaries these winds can undergo violent collision. Because such winds are thought to be radiatively driven, radiative forces may also play an important role in moderating the wind collision. However, previous studies have been limited to considering how such forces may inhibit the initial acceleration of the companion stellar wind. In this paper we analyze the role of an even stronger radiative braking effect, whereby the primary wind is rather suddenly decelerated by the radiative momentum flux it encounters as it approaches a bright companion. We further show that the braking location and velocity law along the line of centers between the stars can be approximated analytically using a simple one-dimensional analysis. The results of this analysis agree well with a detailed two-dimensional hydrodynamical simulation of the wind collision in the WR + O binary V444 Cygni and demonstrate that radiative braking can significantly alter the bow-shock geometry and reduce the strength of the wind collision. We then apply the derived analytic theory to a set of 14 hot-star binary systems, and conclude that radiative braking is likely to be of widespread importance for wind-wind collisions in WR + O binaries with close to medium separation, D ≲ 100 R☉. It may also be important in other types of hot-star binaries that exhibit a large imbalance between the component wind strengths.
Concentration dependence of the longest relaxation times of dilute and semi-dilute polymer solutions

The longest relaxation times of polymer solutions of semi-flexible T4 DNA and flexible 18 M molar mass polyacrylamide (PAAm) in dilute and semi-dilute concentration range are studied by the polymer extension relaxation of stretched single DNA molecules and by the stress relaxation of PAAm solutions measurements. For both polymer solutions, the longest relaxation time normalized by the value at infinite dilution with the same solvent viscosity τ/τ0 increases with increasing concentration. In the dilute regime, the longest relaxation time increases just slightly with increasing concentration as τ/τ0=[1+cA−2(cA)1.5+2(cA)2] as well as the empirical relation of τ/τ0=exp(cA) up to c∼3c∗ with A≈0.5[η], where c∗ is the overlap concentration, in accord with the theory and previous experiments. For the semi-dilute solutions, the scaling of τ/τ0 with concentration shows two different exponents in two concentration regions, corresponding to the unentangled and entangled regimes. The exponents are consistent with thos.
Molecular dynamics with electronic frictions

A generalization of classical adiabatic molecular dynamics, which we term molecular dynamics with electronic frictions, is described for nuclear motion on a continuum of potential‐energy surfaces, such as for adsorbate dynamics at a metal surface. In this situation, the Born–Oppenheimer approximation fails, since for any molecular motion—such as vibrations, rotations, or translations—there are resonant electronic excitations of the metal. However, such excitations are often highly delocalized, so that the continuum of electronic potential‐energy surfaces on which nuclear motion occurs are all of similar shape, and can be replaced by a single, effective potential. Nonadiabatic energy exchange between nuclear and electronic degrees of freedom is then represented by frictional and fluctuating forces on the nuclei, and no explicit electronic dynamics are required. The friction in general involves memory, although it is shown that the Markov limit in which memory vanishes is likely to be quite broadly applicab.
A biased-robust regression technique for the combined outlier-multicollinearity problem

The combined outlier-multicollinearity problem occurs frequently in regression data. Methods that successfully address this problem effectively combine biased and robust estimation techniques. A biased-robust estimator is proposed that uses a multi-stage generalized M-estimator with fully iterated ridge regression to successfully control both influence and coUinearity in regression datasets. Two previously published approaches are compared with the proposal via simulation experiments. The best performing published technique is also compared with our proposal using a dataset containing a cloud of outliers and severe multicollinearity. The proposed biased-robust method outperforms the published technique both in simulation and the example.
Measurement of the Higgs quartic coupling c 2 v from di-Higgs Vector Boson Fusion in the bb¯τ+τ− channel

The Brout Englert Higgs (BEH) mechanism of electroweak symmetry breaking and mass generation was experimentally confirmed after the discovery of the Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider in 2012. The BEH mechanism not only predicts the existence of a massive scalar particle, but also requires this scalar particle to couple to itself. Double Higgs production provides a unique handle, since it allows the extraction of the trilinear Higgs self-coupling. VBF di-Higgs production also probes the quartic Higgs bosons to vector bosons coupling (c 2 v). In this topic the effort on setting constraints on c 2 v will be discussed. Event selection and reconstruction will be illustrated as well as a Neural Network designed to identify VBF events.
A novel technique to fabricate 28 nm p-MOSFETs possessing gate oxide integrity on an embedded SiGe channel without silicon surface passivation

A novel technique to create a suspending stacked gate oxide and subsequently to fill in an embedded SiGe channel (ESC) between the gate oxide and the underlying silicon substrate is proposed for the first time to fabricate 28 nm p-metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (p-MOSFET). Without Si surface passivation on the ESC, such an ESC structure could achieve a p-FET transconductance (Gm) gain of 26% higher and a better Ion–Ioff performance gain of 8% than that of conventional strained Si p-FETs with the source/drain (S/D) SiGe. Better S/D resistance (Rsd) in the resistance versus gate length plot and improved swing slope of the Id–Vgs plot indicates higher mobility in the ESC devices. Moreover, the off-state gate current of the ESC structure is also comparable to the conventional ones. From the x-ray photoelectron spectrum analysis, only the Si–O bonding, and no Ge–O bonding at the SiGe/SiO2 interface could account for this superior gate oxide integrity for the ESC and strained Si structure. Therefore, such a novel technique with an ESC structure is very promising for the 28 nm p-MOSFET devices era.
Rapid cooling of neutron stars by hyperons and Delta isobars

It is shown that direct Urca processes with hyperons and/or nucleon isobars can occur in dense matter as long as the concentration of Λ hyperons exceeds a critical value that is less than 3% and is typically about 0.1%. The neutrino luminosities from the hyperon Urca processes are about 5-100 times less than the typical luminosity from the nucleon direct Urca process, if the latter process is not forbidden, but they are larger than those expected from other sources. These new direct Urca processes provide avenues for rapid cooling of neutron stars which invoke neither exotic states nor the large proton fraction (of order 0.11-0.15) required for the nucleon direct Urca process
Millimetric Ground-Based Observation of Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation Anisotropy at δ = +28°

Results from the third campaign of a ground-based multiband observation of the millimeter emission of the sky from Tenerife (Canary Islands) are presented. The instrument consists of a 0.45 m diameter off-axis telescope equipped with a four-band multimode 3He cooled photometer working at 1.1, 1.3, 2.1, and 3.1 mm wavelengths. The beam is well approximated by a Gaussian with 1. °35 FWHM at all wavelengths. The wide wavelength coverage of our instrument allows us to characterize and reduce both the atmospheric and Galactic contamination in our data. The cosmic microwave background radiation data is analyzed in six multipole bands whose centers span the range l = 39 to l = 134 at the two longest wavelengths (2.1 and 3.1 mm). A likelihood analysis indicates that we have detected fluctuations in all bands at the two wavelengths. We have evidence of a rise in the angular power spectrum from low l to high l. Our measured spectrum is consistent with current popular theories of large-scale structure formation, COBE, and other recent balloon-borne experiments with similar wavelength coverage.
Fractional diffusion in inhomogeneous media

Starting from the continuous time random walk (CTRW) scheme with the space-dependent waiting-time probability density function (PDF) we obtain the time-fractional diffusion equation with varying in space fractional order of time derivative. As an example, we study the evolution of a composite system consisting of two separate regions with different subdiffusion exponents and demonstrate the effects of non-trivial drift and subdiffusion whose laws are changed in the course of time.
Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the distinctive roles of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in autoimmune uveitis

Uveitis is a common cause of blindness and classified as infectious or non-infectious types. Non-infectious uveitis is often secondary to systemic autoimmune diseases, with Behcet's disease (BD) and Vogt-Koyanagi Harada disease (VKHD) as the two most common causes. Uveitis in BD and VKHD often show similar clinical manifestations, but the underlying immunopathogenesis remains unclear. We collected immune cell infiltrates in aqueous humour of BD and VKHD uveitis patients and analysed them by single-cell RNA paired with T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing. T cells were found as the dominant immune cell infiltration. Intriguingly, a majority of CD4+ in T cell infiltrates was only observed in VKHD but not in BD. In agreement with this discrepancy between VKHD and BD, T cell clonality analysis and Clonotype Neighbour Graph Analysis (CoNGA) also revealed a selective expansion of pro-inflammatory CD4 + T cell clones in VKHD. In contrast, BD showed a selective expansion of pro-inflammatory CD8 + T cell clones. Our study reveals distinct immunopathogenesis of uveitis driven by CD4+ T cells in VKHD and by CD8 + T cells in BD, and therefore suggests differential approaches for their diagnosis and therapy.
Genetic engineering of complex feed enzymes into barley seed for direct utilization in animal feedstuff

Summary Currently, feed enzymes are primarily obtained through fermentation of fungi, bacteria, and other microorganisms. Although the manufacturing technology for feed enzymes has evolved rapidly, the activities of these enzymes decline during the granulating process and the cost of application has increased over time. An alternative approach is the use of genetically modified plants containing complex feed enzymes for direct utilization in animal feedstuff. We co‐expressed three commonly used feed enzymes (phytase, β‐glucanase, and xylanase) in barley seeds using the Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation method and generated a new barley germplasm. The results showed that these enzymes were stable and had no effect on the development of the seeds. Supplementation of the basal diet of laying hens with only 8% of enzyme‐containing seeds decreased the quantities of indigestible carbohydrates, improved the availability of phosphorus, and reduced the impact of animal production on the environment to an extent similar to directly adding exogenous enzymes to the feed. Feeding enzyme‐containing seeds to layers significantly increased the strength of the eggshell and the weight of the eggs by 10.0%–11.3% and 5.6%–7.7% respectively. The intestinal microbiota obtained from layers fed with enzyme‐containing seeds was altered compared to controls and was dominated by Alispes and Rikenella. Therefore, the transgenic barley seeds produced in this study can be used as an ideal feedstuff for use in animal feed.
RNA m6A methyltransferase METTL14 promotes the procession of non‐small cell lung cancer by targeted CSF1R

Non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most malignant cancer types, characterized by a poor prognosis. N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) is a prevalent internal modification of mRNA. METTL14, an RNA methyltransferase that mediates m6A modification, is implicated in mRNA biogenesis. However, the biomechanism of METTL14 in NSCLC is not very clear.
Computation of acoustic propagation in two-dimensional sheared ducted flows

Most aeroacoustic noise-prediction methods rely on an acoustic analogy featuring a propagation equation associated with source terms. These models were mainly applied to computation of acoustic far fields radiated by simple free flows like jets. The assumption is made in many formulations that the radiated acoustic field is not perturbed by the shear flow giving rise to the noise sources. These acoustic analogies thus do not provide a full description of acoustic/flow interactions. The Lilley equation was introduced to account, to a certain extent, for mean shear effects on propagation. More recently, this problem has been treated by making use of the linearized Euler equations, which are more flexible and more adequate for numerical simulations. As several types of modes are supported by the Euler equations, problems linked to their coupling have to be considered. It is then necessary to investigate acoustic field computations in complex flows. Our aim in the present article is to validate the wave operator associated with linearized Euler equations. Numerical tests deal with propagation in two-dimensional sheared ducted flows. Results are compared with other solutions deduced from analytical developments and direct numerical simulations. This study shows that the linearized Euler operator may be used to account for mean effects on wave propagation in the presence of sheared ducted flows. Processes that are specifically considered are 1) convection effects on axial disturbances, 2) refraction effects on oblique wave generation, and 3) source radiation effects on propagation in sheared flows.
GLCM: Global–Local Captioning Model for Remote Sensing Image Captioning

Remote sensing image captioning (RSIC), which describes a remote sensing image with a semantically related sentence, has been a cross-modal challenge between computer vision and natural language processing. For visual features extracted from remote sensing images, global features provide the complete and comprehensive visual relevance of all the words of a sentence simultaneously, while local features can emphasize the discrimination of these words individually. Therefore, not only global features are important for caption generation but also local features are meaningful for making the words more discriminative. In order to make full use of the advantages of both global and local features, in this article, we propose an attention-based global–local captioning model (GLCM) to obtain global–local visual feature representation for RSIC. Based on the proposed GLCM, the correlation of all the generated words and the relation of each separate word and the most related local visual features can be visualized in a similarity-based manner, which provides more interpretability for RSIC. In the extensive experiments, our method achieves comparable results in UCM-captions and superior results in Sydney-captions and RSICD which is the largest RSIC dataset.
The Sia System and c-di-GMP Play a Crucial Role in Controlling Cell-Association of Psl in Planktonic P. aeruginosa

The biofilm matrix of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is composed of exopolysaccharides (EPS), proteins, and nucleic acids. In P. aeruginosa, an increase in the small molecule c-di-GMP causes an increase in biofilm matrix production both transcriptionally and posttranslationally. ABSTRACT Many bacterial species use the secondary messenger, c-di-GMP, to promote the production of biofilm matrix components. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, c-di-GMP production is stimulated upon initial surface contact and generally remains high throughout biofilm growth. Transcription of several gene clusters, including the Sia signal transduction system, are induced in response to high cellular levels of c-di-GMP. The output of this system is SiaD, a diguanylate cyclase whose activity is induced in the presence of the detergent SDS. Previous studies demonstrated that Sia-mediated cellular aggregation is a key feature of P. aeruginosa growth in the presence of SDS. Here, we show that the Sia system is important for producing low levels of c-di-GMP when P. aeruginosa is growing planktonically. In addition, we show that Sia activity is important for maintaining cell-associated Psl in planktonic populations. We also demonstrate that Sia mutant strains have reduced cell-associated Psl and a surface attachment-deficient phenotype. The Sia system also appears to posttranslationally impact cell-associated Psl levels. Collectively, our findings suggest a novel role for the Sia system and c-di-GMP in planktonic populations by regulating levels of cell-associated Psl. IMPORTANCE The biofilm matrix of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is composed of exopolysaccharides (EPS), proteins, and nucleic acids. In P. aeruginosa, an increase in the small molecule c-di-GMP causes an increase in biofilm matrix production both transcriptionally and posttranslationally. C-di-GMP is synthesized by diguanylate cyclases (DGCs), and P. aeruginosa encodes many DGCs which are active under different conditions and influence specific pathways. Here, we demonstrate that the DGC SiaD, specifically, posttranslationally regulates production of the cell-associated form of the EPS Psl. Since cell-associated Psl is essential for attachment to surfaces, mutants lacking SiaD activity do not attach robustly to surfaces. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism for regulating production of an EPS important for colonization of infection sites.