Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Self-lensing Models of the Large Magellanic Cloud

All of the proposed explanations for the microlensing events observed toward the LMC have difficulties. One of these proposed explanations, LMC self-lensing, which invokes ordinary LMC stars as the long sought-after lenses, has recently gained considerable popularity as a possible solution to the microlensing conundrum. In this paper, we carefully examine the full range of LMC self-lensing models, including for the first time the contribution of the LMC bar in both sources and lenses. In particular, we review the pertinent observations made of the LMC and show how these observations place limits on such self-lensing models. We find that, given current observational constraints, no purely LMC disk models are capable of producing optical depths as large as that reported in the MACHO collaboration 2 year analysis. We also introduce a new quantitative measure of the central concentration of the microlensing events and show that it discriminates well between disk/bar self-lensing and halo microlensing. Besides pure disk/bar, we also consider alternative geometries and present a framework which encompasses the previous studies of LMC self-lensing. We discuss which model parameters need to be pushed in order for such models to succeed. For example, like previous workers, we find that an LMC halo geometry may be able to explain the observed events. However, since all known LMC tracer stellar populations exhibit disklike kinematics, such models will have difficulty being reconciled with observations. For SMC self-lensing, we find predicted optical depths differing from previous results, but more than sufficient to explain all observed SMC microlensing. In contrast, for the LMC we find a self-lensing optical depth contribution between 0.47 × 10-8 and 7.84 × 10-8, with 2.44 × 10-8 being the value for the set of LMC parameters most consistent with current observations.
Genetic Structure of the Vulnerable Tricolored Bat (Perimyotis subflavus)

The tricolored bat (Perimyotis subflavus) has experienced extensive declines in regional abundance — near 30% as of 2013 — due to disease, habitat loss, and anthropogenic conflict. There is urgency to determine whether the species should be protected in the United States; however, critical species-specific information required to make this decision is lacking. Here, we address those critical knowledge gaps by (i) estimating genetic diversity, and (ii) assessing population structure. We utilized sequence data from a 562 base pair region of the mitochondrial genome and eight autosomal microsatellite loci from 14 sampling locations across the core of P. subflavus' range and found substantial diversity in both data types. Further, we found contrasting patterns of population structure between the data types. Weak evidence for population structure was detected using the mitochondrial data, with the most probable population break dividing eastern and western sampling sites, and evidence for isolation-by-distance across the sampled region. Conversely, we detected no evidence for structure or isolation-by-distance using microsatellite data, revealing a panmictic population. The findings reported here represent a baseline understanding of genetic diversity and structure for P. subflavus; additional analyses using samples collected post white-nose syndrome emergence are required to understand losses in genetic diversity due to recent population declines.
Incorporation of 36Cl into Calcium-Aluminum-Rich Inclusions in the Solar Wind Implantation Model

We consider the short-lived radionuclide (SLR) 36Cl in calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) found in primitive meteorites with the solar wind implantation model. In this model, SLRs are produced via nuclear reaction with solar energetic particles (SEPs) interacting with gaseous targets in the protosolar atmosphere in T-Tauri stars. These SLRs are captured by the solar wind and then implanted in CAI precursor materials, which have dropped from the funnel flow leading onto the protostar. This method of incorporating SLRs into solar system materials is currently active in our solar system and has been measured with SLRs from the solar wind being implanted on the lunar surface. T-Tauri stars are capable of SEP fluxes ~105 greater than contemporary SEP fluxes. Here we scale the production rate of 36Cl to the ancient SEP activity. From the enhanced production rates and the refractory mass inflow rate at 0.06 AU from the protosun, we model the ancient 36Cl content in CAIs. We find the initial isotopic ratio of 36Cl/35Cl to range from about 1 × 10−5 to 5 × 10−5 and the concentration of 36Cl to range from about 3 × 1013 to 1.5 × 1014 atoms g−1.
Dose escalation randomised study of efmarodocokin alfa in healthy volunteers and patients with ulcerative colitis

Background The interleukin-22 cytokine (IL-22) has demonstrated efficacy in preclinical colitis models with non-immunosuppressive mechanism of action. Efmarodocokin alfa (UTTR1147A) is a fusion protein agonist that links IL-22 to the crystallisable fragment (Fc) of human IgG4 for improved pharmacokinetic characteristics, but with a mutation to minimise Fc effector functions. Methods This randomised, phase 1b study evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of repeat intravenous dosing of efmarodocokin alfa in healthy volunteers (HVs; n=32) and patients with ulcerative colitis (n=24) at 30–90 µg/kg doses given once every 2 weeks or monthly (every 4 weeks) for 12 weeks (6:2 active:placebo per cohort). Results The most common adverse events (AEs) were on-target, reversible, dermatological effects (dry skin, erythema and pruritus). Dose-limiting non-serious dermatological AEs (severe dry skin, erythema, exfoliation and discomfort) were seen at 90 μg/kg once every 2 weeks (HVs, n=2; patients, n=1). Pharmacokinetics were generally dose-proportional across the dose levels, but patients demonstrated lower drug exposures relative to HVs at the same dose. IL-22 serum biomarkers and IL-22-responsive genes in colon biopsies were induced with active treatment, and microbiota composition changed consistent with a reversal in baseline dysbiosis. As a phase 1b study, efficacy endpoints were exploratory only. Clinical response was observed in 7/18 active-treated and 1/6 placebo-treated patients; clinical remission was observed in 5/18 active-treated and 0/6 placebo-treated patients. Conclusion Efmarodocokin alfa had an adequate safety and pharmacokinetic profile in HVs and patients. Biomarker data confirmed IL-22R pathway activation in the colonic epithelium. Results support further investigation of this non-immunosuppressive potential inflammatory bowel disease therapeutic. Trial registration number NCT02749630.
Modeling Terrestrial Laser Scanner Data for Precise Structural Deformation Measurement

A modeling strategy has been developed that permits coarse-precision terrestrial laser scanner observations to be used to accurately measure vertical deflections of deforming beams. The model is developed from fundamental beam-deflection equations and implemented using a weighted-constraint, least-squares curve-fitting approach. After the solution is computed, a statistical testing procedure is applied to assess the level of contribution of each of the estimated parameters in the model and identify redundant terms for removal. Two terrestrial laser scanners (TLSs) are employed to test the approach by measuring the vertical displacement of beams undergoing controlled loading for which the magnitude of displacements was at the 2–50 mm level. Results demonstrate that the modeled TLS data, when compared to conventional monitoring equipment, such as convergent digital photogrammetry and contact sensors, achieved an accuracy that is up to 20 times higher than the TLS’s coordinate precision, thus underscoring th.
Late-onset sepsis in very preterm infants in Norway in 2009–2018: a population-based study

Objective To evaluate epidemiology and outcomes among very preterm infants (<32 weeks’ gestation) with culture-positive and culture-negative late-onset sepsis (LOS). Design Cohort study using a nationwide, population-based registry. Setting 21 neonatal units in Norway. Participants All very preterm infants born 1 January 2009–31 December 2018 and admitted to a neonatal unit. Main outcome measures Incidences, pathogen distribution, LOS-attributable mortality and associated morbidity at discharge. Results Among 5296 very preterm infants, we identified 582 culture-positive LOS episodes in 493 infants (incidence 9.3%) and 282 culture-negative LOS episodes in 282 infants (incidence 5.3%). Extremely preterm infants (<28 weeks’ gestation) had highest incidences of culture-positive (21.6%) and culture-negative (11.1%) LOS. The major causative pathogens were coagulase-negative staphylococci (49%), Staphylococcus aureus (15%), group B streptococci (10%) and Escherichia coli (8%). We observed increased odds of severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) associated with both culture-positive (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.7; 95% CI 1.3 to 2.2) and culture-negative (aOR 1.6; 95% CI 1.3 to 2.6) LOS. Only culture-positive LOS was associated with increased odds of cystic periventricular leukomalacia (cPVL) (aOR 2.2; 95% CI 1.4 to 3.4) and severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) (aOR 1.8; 95% CI 1.2 to 2.8). Culture-positive LOS-attributable mortality was 6.3%, higher in Gram-negative (15.8%) compared with Gram-positive (4.1%) LOS, p=0.009. Among extremely preterm infants, survival rates increased from 75.2% in 2009–2013 to 81.0% in 2014–2018, p=0.005. In the same period culture-positive LOS rates increased from 17.1% to 25.6%, p<0.001. Conclusions LOS contributes to a significant burden of disease in very preterm infants and is associated with increased odds of severe BPD, cPVL and severe ROP.
GaAs–AlxGa1−xAs Double Heterostructure Injection Lasers

Double heterostructure GaAs–AlxGa1−xAs junction lasers which have very low thresholds and which have been operated continuously at and above room temperature have been fabricated by liquid phase epitaxial growth. The threshold current density of these lasers decreases approximately linearly with the thickness of the active region from 3 to at least 0.5 μm. This is interpreted as the result of near perfect carrier and optical confinement as the result of large steps in the energy gap and index of refraction at the heterojunctions in these diodes. The gain in these lasers is very high and its dependence upon current density is superlinear. Loss is very low and almost that expected from free carriers. Complete polarization of the lasing mode was observed. This latter is interpreted to be the result of an increased reflection coefficient for the T E mode.
Scatterometer for characterization of diffractive optical elements

Diffractive optical elements can control light beyond the capabilities of traditional optical components, which offers great opportunities for numerous applications. However, modern functionalities are related to even smaller feature sizes, which causes remarkable challenges for the structure measurements in the nanoscale. The current methods are not optimal for the characterization of diffractive structures. Optical scatterometry, however, would be a good tool for non-destructive characterization, and in particular, for inline process control of the fabrication. In this paper, detailed information about a goniometric scatterometer built at MIKES (Centre for Metrology and Accreditation), basics of the inverse problem approach for solving the parameters of the structure and first measurements for confirming the functionality of the scatterometer as well as the capabilities of it are discussed.
Lateral and longitudinal compaction of PRC1 overlap zones drives stabilization of interzonal microtubules

During anaphase, antiparallel overlapping midzone microtubules elongate and form bundles, contributing to chromosome segregation and the location of contractile ring formation. Midzone microtubules are dynamic in early but not late anaphase; however, the kinetics and mechanisms of stabilization are incompletely understood. Using photoactivation of cells expressing PA-EGF-α-tubulin we find that immediately after anaphase onset, a single highly dynamic population of midzone microtubules is present; as anaphase progresses, both dynamic and stable populations of midzone microtubules coexist. By midcytokinesis, only static, non-dynamic microtubules are detected. The velocity of microtubule sliding also decreases as anaphase progresses, becoming undetectable by late anaphase. Following depletion of PRC1, midzone microtubules remain highly dynamic in anaphase and fail to form static arrays in telophase despite furrowing. Cells depleted of Kif4a contain elongated zones of PRC1 and fail to form static arrays in telophase. Cells blocked in cytokinesis form short PRC1 overlap zones that do not coalesce laterally; these cells also fail to form static arrays in telophase. Together, our results demonstrate that dynamic turnover and sliding of midzone microtubules is gradually reduced during anaphase and that the final transition to a static array in telophase requires both lateral and longitudinal compaction of PRC1 containing overlap zones.
Identification of genes associated with abiotic stress tolerance in sweetpotato using weighted gene co‐expression network analysis

Sweetpotato, Ipomoea batatas (L.), a key food security crop, is negatively impacted by heat, drought, and salinity stress. We exposed the orange-fleshed cultivar ‘Beauregard’ to 24 and 48 hours of heat and salt stresses to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in leaves. Analysis revealed both shared and unique sets of up-regulated (650 for heat; 287 for salt) and down-regulated (1,249 for heat; 793 for salt) DEGs suggesting common, yet stress-specific transcriptional responses to these two abiotic stressors. Gene Ontology analysis of downregulated DEGs common to both heat and salt stress revealed enrichment of terms associated with ‘cell population proliferation’ suggestive of an impact on the cell cycle by the heat stress. To identify shared and unique gene coexpression networks under multiple abiotic stress conditions, weighted gene co-expression network analysis was performed using gene expression profiles from heat, salt, and drought stress treated ‘Beauregard’ leaves yielding 18 coexpression modules. One module was enriched for ‘response to water deprivation’, ‘response to abscisic acid’, and ‘nitrate transport’ indicating synergetic crosstalk between nitrogen, water and phytohormones with genes encoding osmotin, cell expansion, and cell wall modification proteins present as key hub genes in this drought-associated module. This research lays the background for future research in mediating abiotic stress tolerance in sweetpotato.
Numerical Study of an Observed Orogenic Mesoscale Convective System. Part 2: Analysis of Governing Dynamics

Abstract A detailed analysis of the dynamics and thermodynamics responsible for the structure, growth and propagation of an orogenic mesoscale convective system simulated in two dimensions is made. The process of scale interaction is addressed through Fourier analysis and Reynolds averaging analysis of representative predicted variables, diabatic forcing and momentum acceleration terms. Additional dynamical analysis is accomplished through sensitivity experiments in which Coriolis, diabatic heating and ambient airflow are varied. The general conclusion is that the simulated orogenic development is a geostrophic adjustment process to convective heating which is itself modulated and maintained by orographically induced flow systems. The heating scales range over a nearly continuous spectrum ranging from 10–250 km. The heating occurs in response to primary advective gravity modes. The larger-scale gravity-wave disturbances modulate the smaller scales by organizing mean upward vertical motion patterns. The la.
An Ancestral Balanced Inversion Polymorphism Confers Global Adaptation

Since the pioneering work of Dobzhansky in the 1930s and 1940s, many chromosomal inversions have been identified but how they contribute to adaptation remains poorly understood. In Drosophila melanogaster, the widespread inversion polymorphism In(3R)Payne underpins latitudinal clines in fitness traits on multiple continents. Here, we use single-individual whole-genome sequencing, transcriptomics and published sequencing data to study the population genomics of this inversion on four continents: in its ancestral African range and in derived populations in Europe, North America, and Australia. Our results confirm that this inversion originated in sub-Saharan Africa and subsequently became cosmopolitan; we observe marked monophyletic divergence of inverted and non-inverted karyotypes, with some substructure among inverted chromosomes between continents. Despite divergent evolution of this inversion since its out-of-Africa migration, derived non-African populations exhibit similar patterns of long-range linkage disequilibrium between the inversion breakpoints and major peaks of divergence in its center, consistent with balancing selection and suggesting that the inversion harbors alleles that are maintained by selection on several continents. Using RNA-seq we identify overlap between inversion-linked SNPs and loci that are differentially expressed between inverted and non-inverted chromosomes. Expression levels are higher for inverted chromosomes at low temperature, suggesting loss of buffering or compensatory plasticity and consistent with higher inversion frequency in warm climates. Our results suggest that this ancestrally tropical balanced polymorphism spread around the world and became latitudinally assorted along similar but independent climatic gradients, always being frequent in subtropical/tropical areas but rare or absent in temperate climates.
Remodeling of the Ribosomal Quality Control and Protein Translation by a Viral Ubiquitin Deconjugase

The strategies adopted by viruses to reprogram the protein translation and quality control machineries to promote infection are poorly understood. Here, we discovered that the viral ubiquitin deconjugase (vDUB) encoded in the large tegument protein of Epstein- Barr virus (EBV) regulates ribosomal stress responses. The vDUB participates in protein complexes that include the ubiquitin ligases ZNF598 and LTN1 and the UFM1 ligase UFL1. Upon ribosomal stalling, the vDUB counteracts the ubiquitination of 40S ribosome subunits, inhibits the degradation of translation-stalled polypeptides by the proteasome, and prevents UFMylation of the 60S particle, which impairs the ER-phagy- dependent clearance of stalled products. Inhibition of the ribosome quality control activates a GCN2-dependent integrated stress response that decreases global protein translation while promoting the readthrough of stall-inducing mRNAs. The vDUB enhances viral mRNAs translation and virus release during productive infection, pointing to a pivotal role in cell reprogramming that enables virus production and underlies the pathogenesis of EBV-associated cancers and autoimmune diseases. GRAPHIC SUMMARY
SUPERNOVA 1983G AND THE DISTANCE TO NGC 4753.

Photoelectric and photographic UBV photometric observations of the type I supernova SN 1983g in the I0 galaxy NGC 4753, obtained with the 0.76-m and 2.1-m telescopes at McDonald Observatory on April 14 and 16, May 10-12, and June 10, 1983, are reported. The data are presented in tables and graphs and analyzed. Findings reported include SN light maximum on JD 2,445,430 at B = about 12.9 mag; substantial SN reddening due to internal dust, with E(B-V) = 0.45 mag; and NGC 4753 distance modulus mu0 = 29.7 + or - 0.4 and geometric distance 8.7 + or - 1.6 Mpc, consistent with a metal-poor (relative to most elliptical galaxies) I0 galaxy at its redshift distance.
Dynamical characterization of vibrating AFM cantilevers forced by photothermal excitation

The detailed characterization of the dynamical behavior of an oscillating cantilever is a crucial task in many applications of scanning probe microscopy, force spectroscopy, and cantilever based biosensors. In the present work we considered a direct and localized excitation of the cantilever obtained using the photothermal effect induced by a modulated laser beam that allows us to completely separate the dynamics of the system from spurious effects. We developed a theoretical model able to describe the experimental results with high accuracy; in particular, a good agreement is achieved, both for amplitude and phase, in the presence of resonances and antiresonances, depending on the different location of the excitation beam.
PIV measurements in square backward-facing step

Measurements with both two-dimensional (2D) two-component and three-component stereo particle image velocimetry (PIV) and computation in 2D and three-dimensional (3D) using Reynolds stress turbulence model with commercial code are carried out in a square duct backward-facing step (BFS) in a turbulent water flow at three Reynolds numbers of about 12,000, 21,000, and 55,000 based on the step height h and the inlet streamwise maximum mean velocity U 0 . The reattachment locations measured at a distance of Ay =0.0322h from the wall are 5.3h, 5.6h, and 5.7h, respectively. The inlet flow condition is fully developed duct flow before the step change with the expansion ratio of 1.2
Poster: Synchronizing Spectral and Protocol Analysis for Complementary Troubleshooting of Wireless Standards

The popularity of wireless networks is increasing swiftly in industrial manufacturing and automation. Although the technology is evolving rapidly, the transmission failures arising due to unfavourable signal propagation conditions and interference from co-existing networks are often difficult to diagnose. This may result in malfunctioned applications and Quality-of-service (QoS) deterioration. This work aims to augment the root cause analysis of such failures by synchronizing the records of spectral and protocol domains to complement precise information about a link with detected cross-standard interference and use it for further troubleshooting. We present the results of experiments performed on Wi-Fi as a proof of concept for the proposed approach.
Application of injectable hydrogels in cancer immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a revolutionary and promising approach to cancer treatment. However, traditional cancer immunotherapy often has the disadvantages of limited immune response rate, poor targeting, and low treatment index due to systemic administration. Hydrogels are drug carriers with many advantages. They can be loaded and transported with immunotherapeutic agents, chemical anticancer drugs, radiopharmaceuticals, photothermal agents, photosensitizers, and other therapeutic agents to achieve controlled release of drugs, extend the retention time of drugs, and thus successfully trigger anti-tumor effects and maintain long-term therapeutic effects after administration. This paper reviews recent advances in injectable hydrogel-based cancer immunotherapy, including immunotherapy alone, immunotherapy with combination chemotherapy, radiotherapy, phototherapy, and DNA hydrogel-based immunotherapy. Finally, we review the potential and limitations of injectable hydrogels in cancer immunotherapy.