Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
3D strain map of axially loaded mouse tibia: a numerical analysis validated by experimental measurements

A combined experimental/numerical study was performed to calculate the 3D octahedral shear strain map in a mouse tibia loaded axially. This study is motivated by the fact that the bone remodelling analysis, in this in vivo mouse model should be performed at the zone of highest mechanical stimulus to maximise the measured effects. Accordingly, it is proposed that quantification of bone remodelling should be performed at the tibial crest and at the distal diaphysis. The numerical model could also be used to furnish a more subtle analysis as a precise correlation between local strain and local biological response can be obtained with the experimentally validated numerical model.
Optimal Scheduling of Residential Energy System Including Combined Heat and Power System and Storage Device

Abstract This article deals with the problem of the economic dispatch of the smart home integrated energy system, including combined heat and power and the battery that is connected to the utility. The effects of the battery and electricity tariff are also considered in the system operation costs. Test results indicate that the optimal scheduling and proper energy routing in different time intervals would decrease the system operating costs. The optimal power dispatch strategy for different generation units and storage devices is listed in tables, which can be used as lookup tables.
Fabrication and characterization of diamond-like carbon/Ni bimorph normally closed microcages

Normally closed microcages based on highly compressively stressed diamond-like carbon (DLC) and electroplated Ni bimorph structures have been simulated, fabricated and characterized. Finite-element and analytical models were used to simulate the device performance. It was found that the radius of curvature of the bimorph layer can be adjusted by varying the DLC film stress, the total layer thickness and the thickness ratio of the DLC to Ni layers. The angular deflection of the bimorph structures can also be adjusted by varying the finger length. The radius of curvature of the microcage was in the range of 18–50 µm, suitable for capturing and confining micro-objects with sizes of 20–100 µm. The operation of this type of device is very efficient due to the large difference in thermal expansion coefficients of the DLC and the Ni layers. Electrical tests have shown that these microcages can be opened by ∼90° utilizing a power smaller than 20 mW. The operating temperatures of the devices under various pulsed currents were extracted through the change in electrical resistance of the devices. The results showed that an average temperature in the range of 400–450 °C is needed to open this type of microcage by ∼90°, consistent with the results from analytical simulation and finite-element modelling.
Instance Segmentation Method of Adherent Targets in Pig Images Based on Improved Mask R-CNN

Aiming at the segmentation problem of adherent targets in pig images, thus an instance segmentation method based on improved Mask R-CNN is proposed to separate adherent pig body. Firstly, ResNet-50 is selected as the feature extraction network of Mask R-CNN due to the single detection category. Secondly, in order to strengthen the connection between the feature extraction channels and improve the utilization of features, the SENet network structure is embedded in ResNet-50. Finally, IoU boundary loss is introduced to construct a new Mask loss function to improve the edge detection accuracy of independent pigs. Training, validation, and test are performed on 3000 pig images. The ratio of training set, validation set, and test set is 3:1:1. The experiments show that the segmentation accuracy of the proposed method in this paper reaches 91.7% on the validation set and 88.9% on the test set. The results showed that the adherent targets in the pig images can be segmented into independent individuals, which provides a basis for the monitoring and automatic tracking of the pig.
The Spiny Mouse—A Menstruating Rodent to Build a Bridge From Bench to Bedside

Menstruation, the cyclical breakdown of the uterine lining, is arguably one of evolution's most mysterious reproductive strategies. The complexity and rarity of menstruation within the animal kingdom is undoubtedly a leading contributor to our current lack of understanding about menstrual function and disorders. In particular, the molecular and environmental mechanisms that drive menstrual and fertility dysregulation remain ambiguous, owing to the restricted opportunities to study menstruation and model menstrual disorders in species outside the primates. The recent discovery of naturally occurring menstruation in the Egyptian spiny mouse (Acomys cahirinus) offers a new laboratory model with significant benefits for prospective research in women's health. This review summarises current knowledge of spiny mouse menstruation, with an emphasis on spiral artery formation, inflammation and endocrinology. We offer a new perspective on cycle variation in menstrual bleeding between individual animals, and propose that this is indicative of fertility success. We discuss how we can harness our knowledge of the unique physiology of the spiny mouse to better understand vascular remodelling and its implications for successful implantation, placentation, and foetal development. Our research suggests that the spiny mouse has the potential as a translational research model to bridge the gap between bench to bedside and provide improved reproductive health outcomes for women.
Utilization of Rosmarinic and Ascorbic Acids for Maturation Culture Media in Order to Increase Sow Oocyte Quality Prior to IVF

The beneficial effect of antioxidant supplementation in maturation culture media of sow oocytes was evaluated by the expression quantification of apoptotic genes and the genes that ensure stability of germ cells during fertilization. The oocytes were cultivated for 44 h in conventional medium (C) or in medium supplemented with 105 µM rosmarinic acid (R) and 0.5 mM ascorbic acid (A) and classified into three quality classes by morphological observation from which the total RNA was isolated. The gene expression of Ptx3 and the apoptotic regulator p53, Bax and BCL-2 were evaluated by quantitative PCR technique. The decreased expression of the Bax gene in the A and R groups, compared to the control, indicates a protective role of antioxidants in the cells. Cell homeostasis was maintained, as reflected in the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 in class I COCs (cumulus-oocyte complex) regardless of the experimental group, indicating minimum cellular stress. The expression of p53 genes was higher in all class III COC, but in A1 and R1 the expression was lower than in C1, and a similar Ptx-3 gene decreased significantly in groups A1, A2, A3 and R1 compared with control groups. Antioxidant supplementation showed beneficial effects on all morphological classes of pig COCs.
Mixed Convection of Heat Transfer around Rotating Cylinders inside Enclosure Filled with Nano Fluid

Mixed convection of heat transfer in 2D-square enclosure with an inner two rotating solid circular cylinder had been investigated numerically, the domain between the enclosure walls and cylinders is filled with (Cu-Water) nano fluid. For numerical computational, the dimensionless governing equations were modeled and formulated based on the Galerkin Finite Element Methods. All walls of the enclosure were insulated while the right cylinder was kept at constant hot temperature and the other left cylinder was kept at constant cold temperature. The current study examines the effect of the cylinders angular rotational speed between (0 and -10000), cylinders diameter (0.2, 0.3, and 0.4), Richardson number (0.1 and 10), and the volume fraction of the nano particle (0 to 0.6). The results have been shown in term of isotherm lines, stream function, average Nusselt number, and offered graphically. The results showed that the temperature gradient , intensity of flow and average Nusselt number increases with increase of angular rotational speed, the diameter, and the volume fraction of the nanoparticle whereas it decreases with an increase in Richardson number. The enhancement of the average Nusselt number increase with increase of rotating speed, concentration of nanoparticle and cylinder diameter with ratio of (75.17%), (3.37%) and (73.25%) respectively. While the average Nusselt number decreased with increase in Richardson number with ratio of (13.37%).
Prevalence of Hysterectomy by Self-Reported Disability Among Canadian Women: Findings from a National Cross-Sectional Survey

Introduction: Our objective was to investigate differences in prevalence of hysterectomy by self-reported disability status among Canadian women. Materials and Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data from the Canadian Community Health Survey 2012 on 30,170 women aged ≥20 years. Disability was defined as reports of sometimes or often (vs. never) experiencing functional limitations or reduction in daily activities at home, school, or work. Frequency of these limitations was used as a proxy for disability severity. The outcome was self-reported hysterectomy status. Modified Poisson regression was used to quantify the prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for hysterectomy according to any, functional, or activity-limiting disability, after adjustment for household income, employment, education, ethnicity, and marital status. Results were stratified by age at time of data collection, categorized as childbearing (20–44 years), perimenopausal (45–59 years), and postmenopausal (60 years and older). Results: Disability was significantly and consistently associated with higher prevalence of hysterectomy in women. The strength of association was inversely related to age category, and PRs for a given age category were similar across disability types and severity levels. PRs for the association between any disability and hysterectomy were 2.18 (95% CI 1.36–3.50) for childbearing-aged women, 1.48 (95% CI 1.21–1.80) for perimenopausal women, and 1.12 (95% CI 1.02–1.24) for postmenopausal women. Conclusions: Prevalence of hysterectomy is disproportionately higher among women with self-reported disabilities compared with women without disabilities, with these differences most pronounced in women of childbearing age.
Vulnerability assessment of infrastructure networks by using hierarchical decomposition methods

Socioeconomic development and sustainability highly depend on the construction and operation of infrastructure networks. Therefore, robustness, reliability, and resiliency of infrastructure networks are vital to the economy, security and wellbeing of any country. When exposed to natural or man-made hazards, the estimation of the vulnerability and the extent of damage, potentially caused to infrastructure networks, is a complex and computationally expensive task. This paper presents a model that combines a systems approach with strategies for detecting community structures within networks to make vulnerability estimates. Then, by means of a clustering-based decomposition, a hierarchical representation of the network is derived. This is used to obtain information (i.e., evidence) at different levels of abstraction avoiding the complexity and computational cost of a full evaluation of the network. This simplified model of the network favors the efficient assessment of risk and vulnerability for decision-making regarding, for instance, resource allocation and risk mitigation. In this paper, the conceptual foundations and the practical implementation of the proposed model are presented and discussed. Furthermore, the applicability and the challenges of the model are presented through a practical application.
Nonlinear Hyperparameter Optimization of a Neural Network in Image Processing for Micromachines

Deep neural networks are widely used in the field of image processing for micromachines, such as in 3D shape detection in microelectronic high-speed dispensing and object detection in microrobots. It is already known that hyperparameters and their interactions impact neural network model performance. Taking advantage of the mathematical correlations between hyperparameters and the corresponding deep learning model to adjust hyperparameters intelligently is the key to obtaining an optimal solution from a deep neural network model. Leveraging these correlations is also significant for unlocking the “black box” of deep learning by revealing the mechanism of its mathematical principle. However, there is no complete system for studying the combination of mathematical derivation and experimental verification methods to quantify the impacts of hyperparameters on the performances of deep learning models. Therefore, in this paper, the authors analyzed the mathematical relationships among four hyperparameters: the learning rate, batch size, dropout rate, and convolution kernel size. A generalized multiparameter mathematical correlation model was also established, which showed that the interaction between these hyperparameters played an important role in the neural network’s performance. Different experiments were verified by running convolutional neural network algorithms to validate the proposal on the MNIST dataset. Notably, this research can help establish a universal multiparameter mathematical correlation model to guide the deep learning parameter adjustment process.
1.55-/spl mu/m wavelength periodic traveling-wave photodetector fabricated using unitraveling-carrier photodiode structures

We report the first periodic traveling-wave photodetector fabricated by using unitraveling-carrier photodiodes (UTC-PDs). The photodetector comprises three UTC-PDs with a 0.06-/spl mu/m absorption layer that is periodically arranged along a coplanar waveguide transmission line. The photoresponse of the photodetector is three times larger than that of a single UTC-PD. A photodetector with terminal resistors at the input end achieves a 3-dB bandwidth of 115 GHz at 1.55 /spl mu/m. This is almost the same value as that for a single UTC-PD. For one without terminal resistors, the 3-dB bandwidth degrades to 56 GHz as a result of the backward-propagating microwave being reflected at the input end. These results suggest that the photodetector is well designed with both velocity and impedance matchings.
Pulmonary Edema in COVID-19 Treated with Furosemide and Negative Fluid Balance (NEGBAL): A Different and Promising Approach

In COVID-19, pulmonary edema has been attributed to “cytokine storm”. However, it is known that SARS-CoV2 promotes angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 deficit, increases angiotensin II, and this triggers volume overload. Our report is based on COVID-19 patients with tomographic evidence of pulmonary edema and volume overload to whom established a standard treatment with diuretic (furosemide) guided by objectives: Negative Fluid Balance (NEGBAL approach). Retrospective observational study. We reviewed data from medical records: demographic, clinical, laboratory, blood gas, and chest tomography (CT) before and while undergoing NEGBAL, from 20 critically ill patients. Once the NEGBAL strategy was started, no patient required mechanical ventilation. All cases reverted to respiratory failure with NEGBAL, but subsequently two patients died from sepsis and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The regressive analysis between PaO2/FiO2BAL and NEGBAL demonstrated correlation (p < 0.032). The results comparing the Pao2Fio2 between admission to NEGBAL to NEGBAL day 4, were statistically significant (p < 0.001). We noted between admission to NEGBAL and day 4 improvement in CT score (p < 0.001), decrease in the superior vena cava diameter (p < 0.001) and the decrease of cardiac axis (p < 0.001). Though our study has several limitations, we believe the promising results encourage further investigation of this different pathophysiological approach.
Ultrasonic carrier PWM converter employing IGBT in the near future

The authors describe an ultrasonic PWM (pulse-width modulated) carrier-frequency current sourced power converter employing IGBTs (insulated-gate bipolar transistors) with a self-aligned DMOS structure. The sinusoidal waveform (rather than the ultrasonic corrected triangular waveform) method is employed for the PWM pulse pattern to operate the converter. Because of the ultrasonic PWM carrier frequency, the converter changes the AC line current waveform to a sinusoidal waveform; thus, the convertor's filter can be small, and its displacement factor is improved. <<ETX>>
UAV LiDAR Survey for Archaeological Documentation in Chiapas, Mexico

Airborne laser scanning has proven useful for rapid and extensive documentation of historic cultural landscapes after years of applications mapping natural landscapes and the built environment. The recent integration of unoccupied aerial vehicles (UAVs) with LiDAR systems is potentially transformative and offers complementary data for mapping targeted areas with high precision and systematic study of coupled natural and human systems. We report the results of data capture, analysis, and processing of UAV LiDAR data collected in the Maya Lowlands of Chiapas, Mexico in 2019 for a comparative landscape study. Six areas of archaeological settlement and long-term land-use reflecting a diversity of environments, land cover, and archaeological features were studied. These missions were characterized by areas that were variably forested, rugged, or flat, and included pre-Hispanic settlements and agrarian landscapes. Our study confirms that UAV LiDAR systems have great potential for broader application in high-precision archaeological mapping applications. We also conclude that these studies offer an important opportunity for multi-disciplinary collaboration. UAV LiDAR offers high-precision information that is not only useful for mapping archaeological features, but also provides critical information about long-term land use and landscape change in the context of archaeological resources.
A development system for an SRAM-based user-reprogrammable gate array

This tool is applicable to an SRAM-based user-reprogrammable gate array based on a logic block interconnect architecture. An algorithm which led to a powerful design editor with a schematic entry dedicated to this device structure has been developed. It determines minute logics in each block and wiring paths, both automatically and manually. The total system supports hierarchical designs by general schematic entries and functional description entries. <<ETX>>
Comparison of field-oriented control and direct torque control for induction motor drives

This paper presents a comparative study on two most popular control strategies for induction motor drives: field-oriented control (FOC); and direct torque control (DTC). The comparison is based on various criteria including basic control characteristics, dynamic performance, parameter sensitivity and implementation complexity. The study is done by simulation using the Simulink Power System Blockset that allows a complete representation of the power section (inverter and induction motor) and the control system. The simulation and evaluation of both control strategies are performed using actual parameters of an 50 hp induction motor fed by an IGBT PWM inverter.
RIPK1 Is Cleaved by 3C Protease of Rhinovirus A and B Strains and Minor and Major Groups

Rhinoviruses (RV), like many other viruses, modulate programmed cell death to their own advantage. The viral protease, 3C has an integral role in the modulation, and we have shown that RVA-16 3C protease cleaves Receptor-interacting protein kinase-1 (RIPK1), a key host factor that modulates various cell death and cell survival pathways. In the current study, we have investigated whether this cleavage is conserved across selected RV strains. RIPK1 was cleaved in cells infected with strains representing diversity across phylogenetic groups (A and B) and receptor usage (major and minor groups). The cleavage was abrogated in the presence of the specific 3C protease inhibitor, Rupintrivir. Interestingly, there appears to be involvement of another protease (maybe 2A protease) in RIPK1 cleavage in strains belonging to genotype B. Our data show that 3C protease from diverse RV strains cleaves RIPK1, highlighting the importance of the cleavage to the RV lifecycle.
Correlation of MET-Receptor Overexpression with MET Gene Amplification and Patient Outcome in Malignant Mesothelioma

Thanks to clinically newly introduced inhibitors of the mesenchymal–epithelial transition (MET) receptor tyrosine-kinase, MET-gene copy number gain/amplification (MET-GCNG/GA) and increased expression of the MET protein are considered very promising therapeutic targets in lung cancer and other malignancies. However, to which extent these MET alterations occur in malignant mesothelioma (MM) remains unclear. Thus, we investigated by well-established immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization methods, the frequency of these alterations in specimens from 155 consecutive MMs of different subtypes obtained from pleural or peritoneal biopsies and pleurectomies. Thirty-three benign reactive mesothelial proliferations (RMPs) were used as controls. MET-protein upregulation was observed in 35% of all MM-cases, though restricted to predominantly epithelioid MMs. We detected low-/intermediate-level MET-GCNG/GA in 22.2% of MET-overexpressing MMs (7.8% of whole MM-cohort) and no MET-GCNG/GA in the other 77.8%, suggesting other upregulating mechanisms. In contrast, 100% of RMPs exhibited no MET-upregulation or MET-GCNG/-GA. Neither MET exon 14 skipping mutations nor MET-fusions were detected as mechanisms of MET overexpression in MM using RNA next-generation sequencing. Finally, in two cohorts of 30 MM patients with or without MET overexpression (MET-positive/-negative) that were matched for several variables and received the same standard chemotherapy, the MET-positive cases showed a significantly lower response rate, but no significant difference in progression-free or overall survival. Our results imply that MET overexpression occurs in a substantial fraction of predominantly epithelioid MMs, but correlates poorly with MET-amplification status, and may impact the likelihood of response to mesothelioma standard chemotherapy. The predictive significance of MET-IHC and -FISH for possible MET-targeted therapy of MM remains to be elucidated.
Interleaved boost converter with a single magnetic component

The interleaved multi-channel converter is very popular these days because of its ability to reduce current ripples. In this study, an interleaved boost converter with a single magnetic component is proposed. Interleaving operation and a loosely coupled inductor significantly reduce the ripple component of the input current. Moreover, zero-voltage-switching characteristic of the proposed converter reduces the switching losses and raises the overall efficiency. Experimental results based on an 80 W (170 V/0.47 A) prototype are provided to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed converter.
Analysis and modelling of parasitic substrate coupling in CMOS circuits

Analysis of the substrate coupling in integrated circuits is done taking into account technology and layout parameters for different types and location of transistors using a device-level simulator. The noise coupling tendencies of IC scaling are analysed, following interest in advanced technologies. The potential for permanent errors is shown in the case of a RAM cell. A circuit-level model for the coupling mechanism is proposed. The implementation of an IC for experimentation, and the measurements obtained, are discussed.