Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The bottom boundary layer of the deep ocean

Some aspects of the bottom boundary layer of the deep ocean are exhibited in profiles of salinity and temperature made with a Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution/Brown CTD microprofiler. Profiles from the center of the Hatteras Abyssal Plain have a signature that is characteristic of mixing up a uniformly stratified region. Over rough or sloping topography, to the east and west of the abyssal plain, the profiles have more complicated structure. All profiles show a well-mixed layer above the bottom; the penetration height of the layer varies from about 10 to 100 m and is correlated with the one-day mean velocity, inferred from current meters located above the bottom boundary layer. Over the Hatteras Abyssal Plain the mixed layer extends above the bottom about 6 times the turbulent Ekman layer height. Over rough and sloping topography the penetration height is between the Ekman layer height and the height observed on the flat abyssal plain.
Commentary on: How accurate are the 234Th based particulate residence times in the ocean? by G. Kim, N. Hussain, and T. Church

Kim et al. (1999) pose the question: "How accurate are the 234Th based particulate r sidence times in the ocean? " The intent of this commentary is to point out the difficulty one has confirming the accuracy of their 234Th residence time approach when the validity test is a limited comparison between two methods with large uncertainties, namely shallow sediment traps and this new model. Furthermore, we suggest that there is ample evidence to show that the residence time of POC is not the same as the naturally occurring tracer 234Th. As such, the calculation of 234Th residence times, even if accurate, would not provide a direct estimate of POC turnover and export in the upper ocean. Alternative techniques using calculated 234Th fluxes multiplied by the measured ratio of POC/234Thpart do not suffer from these assumptions (as summarized in Buesseler, 1998).
A Method for Updating Road Map via GPS

This paper presents a method for updating road map via GPS (Global Positioning System). First of all, probe vehicles equipped with GPS receivers are used to collect the up-to-date road data, GPS vehicle traces. Then, with the data, a road bitmap is constructed based on morphological operations. Next, a skeleton of the bitmap is computed. Finally a vector road map is extracted from the skeleton. Experiment results of generating a campus road network map are provided to demonstrate performance of the method.
Models of quartz overgrowth and vein formation: Deformation and episodic fluid flow in an ancient subduction zone

Steady state models of overgrowth and vein formation are developed using kinetic data for quartz dissolution and precipitation and estimates of fluid advection, pore-fluid and grain-boundary diffusion. Application of these models to overgrowths and veins in the Kodiak accretionary complex suggests that the Kodiak Formation deformed continuously by a grain-boundary diffusion-limited mechanism, accompanied by episodic pore fluid diffusion of quartz from the matrix to vertical fluid-filled fractures near the base of the accretionary wedge. These processes produced two types of syntectonic crystal textures within the Kodiak Formation: overgrowths containing displacement-controlled fibers, and throughgoing veins composed of face-controlled elongate blocky quartz crystals. Based on textural observations, displacement-controlled quartz growth in overgrowths is rate-limited by either diffusion along a cohesive interface or the rate of matrix strain. The magfiitude of elongation recorded by displacement-controlled crystal growth varies smoothly (elongation of 1 to 3) from the shallowest to the deepest structural levels of the Kodiak Formation, suggesting that the diffusional component of deformation in the accretionary wedge increases with depth. In contrast, face-controlled quartz growth is largely restricted to veins within the deepest level, where the cleavage is subhorizontal and deformation involves a component of simple shear, suggesting proximity to a decollement. The facecontrolled quartz veins represent mode I cracks which seal periodically and contain continuous planar solid inclusion bands, cracks which partially seal periodically and contain discontinuous solid inclusion bands, or cracks that remain open and contain euhedral quartz crystals with no solid inclusions. The initial crack aperture, inferred from spacing of inclusion bands, varies from 8 gm in
Critical Period Hypothesis of Second Language Acquisition and Its Implications on the Optimal Starting Age of Foreign Language Teaching in China

There is a widely‐recognized belief held by a vast majority of people to learn a foreign language, that is, “the younger, the better”. However, in the field of SLA, researchers have been debating on the existence of the critical period. This paper firstly introduces what is the critical period hypothesis. Then, this paper summarizes the controversies about the critical period of SLA among different scholars at home and abroad. Finally, according to the different research results at home and abroad and the practice of foreign language teaching in China, this paper puts forward some enlightenment of the critical period hypothesis for SLA to the optimal starting age of foreign language teaching in China.
CHARACTERISTICS OF RECENT EJECTA OFTHE CHANGBAISHAN TIANCHI VOLCANO,CHINA

The Changbaishan Tianchi volcano on the border between China and North Korea (42° N,128° E) is the most dangerous one with high destructive eruption potential in China. In the research of recent eruption history of the Tianchi volcano, a set of recent ejecta were recognized through field investigation, grain size analysis and petrochemistry analysis. The new ejecta were found on the northeast side of the Tianchi Lake. It is a set of multi-layered pyroclastic deposits of 9.2m thick overlying the 1668 AD airfall deposit. Grain size analysis shows that the ejecta are composed mainly of fall deposit with an interbed of surge deposit, and the type of eruption is phreatomagmatic. Fractal dimension value of the surge deposit is 2.7113, while that of the fall deposits ranges from 2.3028 to 2.4627, having an average value of 2.36. In the microscope, skeleton vitric fragments are observed but clay mineral is not found in the deposits, indicating that they are primary deposit produced by explosive eruption. Petrochemistry analysis of pumice component indicates that the magma can be assigned to trachytic magma. Based on historical records, stratigraphic correlation and features of the deposits, it is estimated that the ejecta are the product of 1903 AD eruption.
Clinical Significance of Mean Platelet Volume Combined with Neutrophil–Lymphocyte Ratio in Predicting the Therapeutic Effect of Splanchnic Neurolysis

Introduction In most cases of pain related to abdominal tumors, increasing the dosage of analgesics still makes the pain difficult to alleviate. Splanchnic neurolysis is a new treatment option. However, not all patients receiving splanchnic neurolysis treatment will achieve satisfactory results. The aim of this study is to retrospectively analyze the predictive value of preoperative serum immune indicators (white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and platelets) for the efficacy of splanchnic neurolysis. Methods The abdominal cancer patients (pancreatic cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, and renal cancer) admitted to the Department of Pain Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital from January 2017 to October 2020 were collected. We evaluate the efficacy of splanchnic neurolysis by assessing the dosage of opioids and Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) scores of patients 24 to 48 hr before and after splanchnic neurolysis. The predictive value of preoperative serum immune indicators on the efficacy of splanchnic neurolysis was analyzed using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC). Contract the Nomogram prediction model by R software. Results We found that Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) has statistical significance for predicting splanchnic neurolysis efficacy in digestive system tumors. MPV and Neutrophil–Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) are independent predictors and have statistical significance in predicting splanchnic neurolysis efficacy in pancreatic cancer. The combination of MPV and NLR had satisfactory predictive value in pancreatic cancer (AUC = 0.715) and the nomogram model was constructed. Furthermore, there was a negative correlation between lymphocyte count and NRS score, and a positive correlation between Platelet–Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) and NRS score. Discussion The combined detection of MPV and NLR has important clinical predictive value for the postoperative efficacy of splanchnic neurolysis in pancreatic cancer.
THE SEISMICITY OF CORNWALL AND DEVON

In the 36 years since ATJ Dollar presented his paper on the seismicity of the Cornubian Peninsula in relation to structure, a great deal has changed in the understanding of British seismicity, both in terms of knowledge of its distribution and parameters, and in terms of its geological and tectonic setting. This is as true for Cornwall and Devon as for other parts of the UK. Since the late 1970s a large amount of effort has been directed into research on historical earthquakes in the UK, undertaken with a critical approach to the appraisal of historical sources, something previously lacking yin studies of historical earthquakes. During the same period, modern instrumental monitoring has been improved. The need for seismic monitoring of the geothermal energy project at Rosemanowes led to a dense local network capable of recording and locating even very small natural events. In terms of average UK seismicity rates Cornwall and Devon are neither as seismic as the most active areas (such as NW Wales) nor as quiet as the most inactive areas (such as NE England). While earthquakes in the area occasionally cause public alarm, they seldom exceed 4 ML in magnitude and have caused very little damage in the last 250 years. The distribution of seismicity is irregular; most activity is concentrated in three zones: the Penzance-Helston area; an area running from off the north coast of Cornwall, through eastern Cornwall to south Devon, and the Barnstaple-Ilfracombe area. Relating this distribution to geological structure is a contentious issue. Some major structures such as the Sticklepath Fault, (which has a reputation as being "active" seismically) do not show up at all. It is likely that the distribution is influenced by the interaction of local structures and reactivation along lines of old E-W thrust faults of Variscan age.
Hydrothermal origin of manganese in the high-pressure ophiolite metasediments of Praborna ore deposit (Aosta Valley, Western Alps)

The manganese ore deposit of Praborna crops out in the Zermatt-Saas unit of the Western Alps, in the St. Marcel valley. It represents a Jurassic ophiolitic sedimentary cover subducted at high-pressure conditions during the Alpine orogeny. Major- and trace-element analyses of representative samples of the ore and the host metasediments were collected to geochemically characterise the deposit. Selected phases (piemontite, braunite, garnet, clinopyroxene, white mica and manganiandrosite) were investigated with ion and electron microprobes to link the mineral chemistry to the bulk-rock chemistry. Compared to shales, Praborna is enriched in Mn (up to 38.7 wt% Mn 2 O 3 ) and in many trace elements (Sc, Co, Ni, Cu, Ge, As, Sr, Ag, Sb, Te, Ba, Tl, Pb and Bi). The bulk-rock REE pattern suggests 20 % hydrogenous and 80 % hydrothermal inputs in the proto-ore. Compared to the shale, the hanging-wall Mn-poor schists share with the Mn ore body the enrichment in Sc, Mn, Co, Sr and Te, suggesting a common enrichment process involving these elements. The REE pattern suggests a sedimentary origin for these schists, which were probably composed of clay mixed with components of volcanic origin. In order to confirm the hydrothermal origin of the Praborna Mn ore deposit, we built up a database of more than 5000 data of modern hydrogenous and hydrothermal oceanic Mn deposits worldwide, adding data of oceanic Mn-rich sediments and of the Ligurian Mn ore deposits, which are thought to be the unmetamorphosed geological equivalent of Praborna. The classic ternary Mn–Fe–(Cu + Co + Ni) diagram, the agglomerative hierarchical clustering and the principal-component analysis, which takes into account a larger set of elements, strongly support the hypothesis of an oceanic hydrothermal origin for manganese in the Praborna and in the Ligurian ore deposits.
Haemoplasmosis in A Hypoalbuminemic Cat: A Case Report

Haemoplasmosis is a bacterial infection in erythrocytes caused by Mycoplasma sp. This study aimed to report methods of diagnosis, therapy, and evaluation of therapy in cats with haemoplasmosis. The cat showed decreased appetite, conjunctivitis, presence of mucoid mucus on the eyes and nose, gum anemia with a capillary refill time of more than 2 seconds, high temperature, and weakness. Skin and hair examination reported infestations of Ctenocephalides felis and Lynxacarus sp. on the hair. Routine hematologic examination showed normochromic normocytic anemia, leukocytosis, neutrophilia, eosinophilia, lymphocytosis, monocytosis, and hypoalbuminemia. A blood test examination observed Mycoplasma sp. in erythrocyte cells so the cat was diagnosed with haemoplasmosis. Treatment was performed using Oxytetracycline long-acting at 20 mg/kg BW intramuscularly for 2 weeks and revealed support to recovery during the treatment period.
Oxygen‐18 dynamics in precipitation and streamflow in a semi‐arid agricultural watershed, Eastern Washington, USA

Understanding flow pathways and mechanisms that generate streamflow is important to understanding agrochemical contamination in surface waters in agricultural watersheds. Two environmental tracers, δ18O and electrical conductivity (EC), were monitored in tile drainage (draining 12 ha) and stream water (draining nested catchments of 6‐5700 ha) from 2000 to 2008 in the semi‐arid agricultural Missouri Flat Creek (MFC) watershed, near Pullman Washington, USA. Tile drainage and streamflow generated in the watershed were found to have baseline δ18O value of −14·7‰ (VSMOW) year round. Winter precipitation accounted for 67% of total annual precipitation and was found to dominate streamflow, tile drainage, and groundwater recharge. ‘Old’ and ‘new’ water partitioning in streamflow were not identifiable using δ18O, but seasonal shifts of nitrate‐corrected EC suggest that deep soil pathways primarily generated summer streamflow (mean EC 250 µS/cm) while shallow soil pathways dominated streamflow generation during winter (EC declining as low as 100 µS/cm). Using summer isotopic and EC excursions from tile drainage in larger catchment (4700‐5700 ha) stream waters, summer in‐stream evaporation fractions were estimated to be from 20% to 40%, with the greatest evaporation occurring from August to October. Seasonal watershed and environmental tracer dynamics in the MFC watershed appeared to be similar to those at larger watershed scales in the Palouse River basin. A 0·9‰ enrichment, in shallow groundwater drained to streams (tile drainage and soil seepage), of δ18O values from 2000 to 2008 may be evidence of altered precipitation conditions due to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) in the Inland Northwest. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Embryonic development of the lemon-yellow tree frog, $Hyla~ savignyi$ Audouin, 1827

Amphibians are widely used in temperature adaptation studies due to their compatibility in laboratory experiments. We investigated the embryonic development stages (from fertilization to $25^{th}$) of $Hyla ~savignyi$ following Gosner’s generalized table. Three pairs of $H. ~ savignyi$ were collected during the breeding season (February 2015) from Northern Cyprus, Kalkanlı Region and maintained at 21±1 °C in the laboratory. The samples were set in 3 groups and examinations of embryos and photographs taken every 10 minutes were carried out during the 9-days embryonic period. Embryos hatched at stage 20 or 21 come up to 3rd – 4th days after fertilization. Embryonic development of $H. ~ savignyi$ is about 157 hours (7 days). Cleavage is unequal holoblastic. The embryonic developmental stages of $H. ~ savignyi$ were compared with the result of a similar study of two other $Hyla$ species ($H.~orientalis$ and $H.~ annectans$) at various temperatures, and the possible temporal effect of the temperature and ovum size on the growth rate of these species was discussed.
Cyanobacteria-Mediated Light-Driven Biotransformation: The Current Status and Perspectives

Most chemicals are manufactured by traditional chemical processes but at the expense of toxic catalyst use, high energy consumption, and waste generation. Biotransformation is a green, sustainable, and cost-effective process. As cyanobacteria can use light as the energy source to power the synthesis of NADPH and ATP, using cyanobacteria as the chassis organisms to design and develop light-driven biotransformation platforms for chemical synthesis has been gaining attention, since it can provide a theoretical and practical basis for the sustainable and green production of chemicals. Meanwhile, metabolic engineering and genome editing techniques have tremendous prospects for further engineering and optimizing chassis cells to achieve efficient light-driven systems for synthesizing various chemicals. Here, we display the potential of cyanobacteria as a promising light-driven biotransformation platform for the efficient synthesis of green chemicals and current achievements of light-driven biotransformation processes in wild-type or genetically modified cyanobacteria. Meanwhile, future perspectives of one-pot enzymatic cascade biotransformation from biobased materials in cyanobacteria have been proposed, which could provide additional research insights for green biotransformation and accelerate the advancement of biomanufacturing industries.
Real-world post-deployment performance of a novel machine learning-based digital health technology for skin lesion assessment and suggestions for post-market surveillance

Introduction Deep Ensemble for Recognition of Malignancy (DERM) is an artificial intelligence as a medical device (AIaMD) tool for skin lesion assessment. Methods We report prospective real-world performance from its deployment within skin cancer pathways at two National Health Service hospitals (UK) between July 2021 and October 2022. Results A total of 14,500 cases were seen, including patients 18–100 years old with Fitzpatrick skin types I–VI represented. Based on 8,571 lesions assessed by DERM with confirmed outcomes, versions A and B demonstrated very high sensitivity for detecting melanoma (95.0–100.0%) or malignancy (96.0–100.0%). Benign lesion specificity was 40.7–49.4% (DERM-vA) and 70.1–73.4% (DERM-vB). DERM identified 15.0–31.0% of cases as eligible for discharge. Discussion We show DERM performance in-line with sensitivity targets and pre-marketing authorisation research, and it reduced the caseload for hospital specialists in two pathways. Based on our experience we offer suggestions on key elements of post-market surveillance for AIaMDs.
YOLO and LSH-based video stream analytics landscape for short-term traffic density surveillance at road networks

: The duty of monitoring traﬀic during rush hour is diﬀicult due to the fact that modern roadways are getting more crowded every day. The automated solutions that have already been created in this area are ineffective at processing enormous amounts of data in a short amount of time, leading to ineffectiveness and inconsistent results. The YOLO (you only look once) and LSH (locality sensitive hashing) algorithms are combined with the Kafka architecture in this study to create a method for assessing traﬀic density in real-time scenarios. Our concept, which is specifically designed for vehicular networks, predicts the traﬀic density in a given location by gathering live stream data from traﬀic surveillance cameras and transforming it into frames (at a rate of 11 per minute) using the YOLOv3 algorithm, which is a crucial parameter for performing effective traﬀic diversion by suggesting alternate routes and avoiding traﬀic congestion. The predicted density is then projected onto Google Maps for the convenience of local clients. The comparative study’s results demonstrate that our strategy consistently and accurately predicts vehicular density, with an accuracy of more than 90 percent under all conditions. It also shows a significant improvement in both precision and recall, with a 4.08 percent improvement.
Identification of potential drug targets by subtractive genome analysis of Escherichia coli O157:H7: an in silico approach

: Bacterial enteric infections resulting in diarrhea, dysentery, or enteric fever constitute a huge public health problem, with more than a billion episodes of disease annually in developing and developed countries. In this study, the deadly agent of hemorrhagic diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome, Escherichia coli O157:H7 was investigated with extensive computational approaches aimed at identifying novel and broad-spectrum antibiotic targets. A systematic in silico workflow consisting of comparative genomics, metabolic pathways analysis, and additional drug prioritizing parameters was used to identify novel drug targets that were essential for the pathogen’s survival but absent in its human host. Comparative genomic analysis of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes annotated metabolic pathways identified 350 putative target proteins in E. coli O157:H7 which showed no similarity to human proteins. Further bio-informatic approaches including prediction of subcellular localization, calculation of molecular weight, and web-based investigation of 3D structural characteristics greatly aided in filtering the potential drug targets from 350 to 120. Ultimately, 44 non-homologous essential proteins of E. coli O157:H7 were prioritized and proved to have the eligibility to become novel broad-spectrum antibiotic targets and DNA polymerase III alpha (dnaE) was the top-ranked among these targets. Moreover, druggability of each of the identified drug targets was evaluated by the DrugBank database. In addition, 3D structure of the dnaE was modeled and explored further for in silico docking with ligands having potential druggability. Finally, we confirmed that the compounds N -coeleneterazine and N -(1,4-dihydro-5H-tetrazol-5-ylidene)-9-oxo-9H-xanthene-2-sulfon-amide were the most suitable ligands of dnaE and hence proposed as the potential inhibitors of this target protein. The results of this study could facilitate the discovery and release of new and effective drugs against E. coli O157:H7 and other deadly human bacterial pathogens.
New experimental method to study the combined effect of temperature and salt weathering

Abstract This study presents a new experimental chamber, which builds upon previous methods of testing salt weathering. This method is based on capillary rising in samples, as this corresponds to the actual imbibition process in building stone. This set-up allows control in setting both a specific thermal regime and cycling temperatures. Some of the significant additions of this experimental set-up are: continuous flow of the saline solution, as the samples will be fed with a constant concentration throughout the experiments; and continuous monitoring of environmental temperature, relative humidity and sample weights. Recorded results in this research belong to limestone samples from Mokattam, Cairo. Results are also considered as a proof to the practical advantages of the experimental chamber in salt-weathering studies and its environmental controls.