Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ASYMPTOTIC SELF-SIMILAR SOLUTIONS WITH A CHARACTERISTIC TIMESCALE

For a wide variety of initial and boundary conditions, adiabatic one-dimensional flows of an ideal gas approach self-similar behavior when the characteristic length scale over which the flow takes place, R, diverges or tends to zero. It is commonly assumed that self-similarity is approached since in the R → ∞(0) limit the flow becomes independent of any characteristic length or timescales. In this case, the flow fields f(r, t) must be of the form with R ∝ (±t)α. We show that requiring the asymptotic flow to be independent only of characteristic length scales implies a more general form of self-similar solutions, with , which includes the exponential (δ = 1) solutions, R ∝ et/τ. We demonstrate that the latter, less restrictive, requirement is the physically relevant one by showing that the asymptotic behavior of accelerating blast waves, driven by the release of energy at the center of a cold gas sphere of initial density ρ ∝ r−ω, changes its character at large ω: the flow is described by 0 ⩽ δ < 1, R ∝ t1/(1−δ), solutions for ω < ωc, by δ>1 solutions with R ∝ (−t)1/(δ−1) diverging at finite time (t = 0) for ω>ωc, and by exponential solutions for ω = ωc (ωc depends on the adiabatic index of the gas, ωc ∼ 8 for 4/3 < γ < 5/3). The properties of the new solutions obtained here for ω ⩾ ωc are analyzed, and self-similar solutions describing the t>0 behavior for ω>ωc are also derived.
Determination of Nonequilibrium Temperature and Pressure using Clausius Equality in a State with Memory: A Simple Model Calculation

Use of the extended definition of heat dQ=deQ+diQ converts the Clausius inequality dS greater than or equal to deQ/T0 into an equality dS=dQ/T involving the nonequilibrium temperature T of the system having the conventional interpretation that heat flows from hot to cold. The equality is applied to the exact quantum evolution of a 1-dimensional ideal gas free expansion. In a first ever calculation of its kind in an expansion which retains the memory of initial state, we determine the nonequilibrium temperature T and pressure P, which are then compared with the ratio P/T obtained by an independent method to show the consistency of the nonequilibrium formulation. We find that the quantum evolution by itself cannot eliminate the memory effect.cannot eliminate the memory effect; hence, it cannot thermalize the system.
REAPROVEITAMENTO DA TORTA DE MORINGA OLEÍFERA LAM. PARA TRATAMENTO DE MATRIZ MULTIELEMENTAR

Introduction: Faced with the problem of environmental pollution, with emphasis on the availability and maintenance of good quality of water resources, as well as the correct allocation of solid waste, there is a demand for low-cost and versatile technologies for wastewater treatment. Biosorption using agro-industrial residues has been investigated as a possibility to address this issue, due to the ability of the functional groups of biosorbents to allow bonds and formation of complexes with metals. Objetive: In this work, the objective was to investigate the potential of the cake from the extraction of biodiesel from the oilseed Moringa Oleífera Lam. in the removal of heavy metals from multielement matrices. Methodology: For this, the seeds of the species were collected, submitted to the production of biodiesel and, then, the cake was applied in biosorption tests, conducted under agitation, using 1 g of biosorbent, for 1 h in a matrix composed of 1 ppm of each one of the metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn). The capture of metals was monitored by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and the plant matrix was also characterized by the X-Ray Fluorescence technique, regarding the possible natural occurrence of the respective metals. Results: Metal removal ranged from 25% to 80%, with emphasis on Cu and Pb, in which 80% was captured for both. It was also identified the presence of Cu and Zn in the biomass, possibly absorbed through the soil. Conclusion: Considering that industrial effluents have a wide range of metals, it is believed that other chemical components and parameters inherent to biosorption can interfere in the process. Therefore, more conditions need to be evaluated to maximize the scale and make the use of biosorbents viable.
Thermomechanical fatigue damage behavior and deformation mechanism of coke drum with Cr-Mo steel

ABSTRACT Damage behaviour and deformation mechanism of SA387Gr11CL2 (1.25Cr-0.5Mo) low alloy steel for coke drum in the thermomechanical fatigue regime are investigated. The experimental results indicate that a main macroscopic crack is detected in the gauge section of each testing specimen. Multiple crack initiation sources are observed in the fracture surface. There are a great deal of secondary cracks in the crack propagation region of the fracture surface. Longitudinal-section microcrack initiates on the specimen surface and its propagation path is predominantly transgranular. When the crack propagation arrives at the threshold with the cyclic number increase, crack bifurcation is obviously observed. Fatigue is the dominant damage of SA387Gr11CL2 low alloy steel under the thermomechanical fatigue loading. The dominant deformation mechanism of SA387Gr11CL2 low alloy steel during thermomechanical fatigue cycle is wavy slip of dislocations. The types and morphologies of carbides in SA387Gr11CL2 low alloy steel are not changed after plastic deformation. Graphical abstract
THE EFFELSBERG–BONN H i SURVEY: DATA REDUCTION

Starting in winter 2008/2009 an L-band seven-feed-array receiver is used for a 21 cm line survey performed with the 100 m telescope, the Effelsberg–Bonn H i survey (EBHIS). The EBHIS will cover the whole northern hemisphere for decl. > − 5° comprising both the galactic and extragalactic sky out to a distance of about 230 Mpc. Using state-of-the-art FPGA-based digital fast Fourier transform spectrometers, superior in dynamic range and temporal resolution to conventional correlators, allows us to apply sophisticated radio frequency interference (RFI) mitigation schemes. In this paper, the EBHIS data reduction package and first results are presented. The reduction software consists of RFI detection schemes, flux and gain-curve calibration, stray-radiation removal, baseline fitting, and finally the gridding to produce data cubes. The whole software chain is successfully tested using multi-feed data toward many smaller test fields (1–100 deg2) and recently applied for the first time to data of two large sky areas, each covering about 2000 deg2. The first large area is toward the northern galactic pole and the second one toward the northern tip of the Magellanic Leading Arm. Here, we demonstrate the data quality of EBHIS Milky Way data and give a first impression on the first data release in 2011.
A Multiscale Particle Method for Mean Field Equations: The General Case

A multi-scale meshfree particle method for macroscopic mean field approximations of generalized interacting particle models is developed and investigated. The method is working in a uniform way for large and small interaction radii. The well resolved case for large interaction radius is treated, as well as underresolved situations with small values of the interaction radius. In the present work we extend the approach from [39] for porous media type limit equations to a more general case, including in particular hyperbolic limits. The method can be viewed as a numerical transition between a DEM-type method for microscopic interacting particle systems and a meshfree particle method for macroscopic equations. We discuss in detail the numerical performance of the scheme for various examples and the potential gain in computation time. The latter is shown to be particularly high for situations near the macroscopic limit. There are various applications of the method to problems involving mean field approximations in swarming, tra? c, pedestrian or granular fow simulation.
A HOT GASEOUS GALAXY HALO CANDIDATE WITH Mg X ABSORPTION

The hot gas in galaxy halos may account for a significant fraction of missing baryons in galaxies, and some of these gases can be traced by high ionization absorption systems in QSO UV spectra. Using high S/N Hubble Space Telescope/Cosmic Origins Spectrograph spectra, we discovered a high ionization state system at z = 1.1912 in the sightline toward LBQS 1435-0134, and two-component absorption lines are matched for Mg x, Ne viii, Ne vi, O vi, Ne v, O v, Ne iv, O iv, N iv, O iii, and H i. Mg x, detected for the first time (5.8σ), is a particularly direct tracer of hot galactic halos, as its peak ion fraction occurs near 106.1 K, about the temperature of a virialized hot galaxy halo of mass . With Mg x and Ne viii, a photoionization model cannot reproduce the observed column densities with path lengths of galaxy halos. For collisional ionization models, one or two-temperature models do not produce acceptable fits, but a three-temperature model or a power-law model can produce the observed results. In the power-law model, with temperatures in the range of , the total hydrogen column density is and the positive power-law index indicates most of the mass is at the high temperature end. We suggest that this absorption system is a hot volume-filled galaxy halo rather than interaction layers between the hot halo and cool clouds. The temperature dependence of the column density is likely due to the local mixture of multiple phase gases.
A New Measure of the Rogerian Schema of the Good Listener

Sustainable social relationships can be produced by good listening. Good listening may be exhibited by people who endorse Carl Rogers’s schema of good listening; a set of beliefs about what constitutes high-quality listening. To measure it, in Study One, we constructed 46 items. In Study Two, we administered them to 476 participants and discovered three factors: belief that listening can help the speaker, trusting the ability of the speaker to benefit from listening, and endorsing behaviors constituting good listening. These results suggested a reduced 27-item scale. In Study Three, we translated the items to Hebrew and probed some difficulties found in the last factor. In Study Four, we administered this scale in Hebrew to a sample of 50 romantic couples, replicated the factorial structure found in Study Two, and showed that it predicts the partner’s listening experience. In Study Five, we administered this scale to 190 romantic couples, replicated Study Four, and obtained evidence for test–retest reliability and construct validity. In Study Six, we obtained, from the same couples of Study Five, eight months after measuring their listening schema, measures of relationship sustainability—commitment, trust, and resilience. We found that the listening schema of one romantic partner predicts the relationship sustainability reported by the other romantic partner and showed incremental validity over the listener’s self-reported listening. This work contributes to understanding the essence of good listening, its measurement, and its implications for sustainable relationships.
The frequency and properties of young tidal dwarf galaxies in nearby gas-rich groups

We present high-resolution Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) HI observations and deep Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) optical imaging of two galaxy groups: NGC 4725/47 and NGC 3166/9. These data are part of a multi-wavelength unbiased survey of the gas-rich dwarf galaxy populations in three nearby interacting galaxy groups. The NGC 4725/47 group hosts two tidal knots and one dIrr. Both tidal knots are located within a prominent HI tidal tail, appear to have sufficient mass (M_gas~10^8 M_sol) to evolve into long-lived tidal dwarf galaxies (TDGs) and are fairly young in age. The NGC 3166/9 group contains a TDG candidate, AGC 208457, at least three dIrrs and four HI knots. Deep CFHT imaging confirms that the optical component of AGC 208457 is bluer -- with a 0.28 mag g-r colour -- and a few Gyr younger than its purported parent galaxies. Combining the results for these groups with those from the NGC 871/6/7 group reported earlier, we find that the HI properties, estimated stellar ages and baryonic content of the gas-rich dwarfs clearly distinguish tidal features from their classical counterparts. We optimistically identify four potentially long-lived tidal objects associated to three separate pairs of interacting galaxies, implying that TDGs are not readily produced during interaction events as suggested by some recent simulations. The tidal objects examined in this survey also appear to have a wider variety of properties than TDGs of similar mass formed in current simulations of interacting galaxies, which could be the result of pre- or post-formation environmental influences.
Contamination and Ecological Risk Assessment of Metal(loid)s in Sediments of Two Major Seaports along Bay of Bengal Coast

Pollution from shipping, industrial, and municipal wastewater discharges is a major source of heavy-metal contamination at seaports located near estuaries or along the coast. In this study, for the first time, nine metal(loid)s (Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Zn, Ni, Fe, and As) were analyzed from the surface sediment of two major seaports on the Bay of Bengal coast to evaluate the degree of pollution and ecological risk. The average concentrations of metal(loid)s followed the decreasing order of Fe (53,800 ± 4002 mg/kg) > Mn (590 ± 116.8 mg/kg) > Zn (67.59 ± 13.5 mg/kg) > Ni (62.8 ± 22.5 mg/kg) > Cr (36.59 ± 7.22 mg/kg) > Cu (32.63 ± 6.78 mg/kg) > Pb (16.78 ± 3.93 mg/kg) > As (6.33 ± 1.9 mg/kg) > Cd (0.71 ± 0.16 mg/kg). Both sites had much greater Fe concentrations (compared to other metals) than the levels that had been previously recorded at nearby localities. Furthermore, elements such as Fe and Ni surpassed the recommended NOAA and EPA limits for maximum samples from both ports. However, with the exception of one sampling point in Chattogram Port, the pollution-load-index (PLI) values were <1, indicating no heavy-metal contamination. For all metals except Cd, the enrichment factor (EF) values were also <1, indicating that the metals came from natural sources. Besides, the contamination factor (CF) was 1 < CF < 3 for Cd and <1 for other metals, therefore, the study area was under moderate risk for Cd contamination. The geo-accumulation index (Igeo) values indicated that the study area is moderately polluted with Cd (Igeo > 0). In addition, the potential ecological-risk index (PERI) revealed that the both areas are under considerable (PERI > 80) to moderate (PERI > 40) risk due to Cd pollution. Correlation and Principal Component Analyses (PCA), demonstrated the anthropogenic sources of some metals, especially Fe, Ni, and Cd. As a result, it is suggested that the study area should be followed up on, to track changes and design a pollution-control strategy to reduce future pollution hazards.
An Overview of El Niño-Southern Oscillation Understanding

Since the TOGA (Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere) program, and in particular the maintenance of its observing system in the tropical Pacific, significant progress has been made in the understanding of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon. Occurrence of ENSO has been explained as either a continual and self-sustaining mode or a stable mode triggered by stochastic forcing. The difference between a self-sustaining cyclic mode and a stable non-cyclic mode is that for a stable non-cyclic mode each El Niño is independent of the next but depends on stochastic forcing for its initiation, whereas for a self-sustaining cyclic mode each El Niño is related to the next events of La Niña and El Niño. Whatever the case, El Niño is growing up with warm sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the equatorial central/eastern Pacific. After an El Niño reaches its mature phase, negative feedbacks are required to terminate growth of the warm SST anomalies. Four major negative feedbacks have been proposed: wave reflection at the ocean western boundary, discharge process, western Pacific wind-forced Kelvin wave, and anomalous zonal advection. These negative feedbacks may work together for terminating El Niño warming, and their relative importance may be time-dependent. Variability with frequency higher and lower than ENSO timescale has been identified to play roles in ENSO. The seasonal cycle can contribute to the irregularity and phase-locking of ENSO, and the intraseasonal variability can be a source of both ENSO’s variability and irregularity. Topical Pacific decadal-multidecadal variability and warming trends modulate ENSO and its predictability. Many mechanisms have been proposed to explain tropical Pacific decadal-multidecadal variability, being categorized as tropical origins and tropical-extratropical connections. Mechanisms of the tropical origins include stochastic forcing, interactions between the seasonal and interannual cycles, internal nonlinear concept of homoclinic-heteroclinic orbits, nonlinearity between El Niño and La Niña, and local ocean-atmosphere interaction, while those of the tropical-extratropical connections involve oceanic bridges, wave propagation, and atmospheric bridges. Difficulties and uncertainties on studies of low-frequency variability and interpretation of warming trends, global warming, and ENSO are also discussed.
Superdiffusive heat conduction in semiconductor alloys. I. Theoretical foundations

Semiconductor alloys exhibit a strong dependence of effective thermal conductivity on measurement frequency. So far this quasi-ballistic behaviour has only been interpreted phenomenologically, providing limited insight into the underlying thermal transport dynamics. Here, we show that quasi-ballistic heat conduction in semiconductor alloys is governed by L\'evy superdiffusion. By solving the Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) with ab initio phonon dispersions and scattering rates, we reveal a transport regime with fractal space dimension $1 3)$ and cumulative conductivity spectra $\kappa_{\Sigma}(\tau;\Lambda)\sim (\tau;\Lambda)^{\gamma}$ resolved for relaxation times or mean free paths through simple relations $\alpha = 3-\beta = 1 + 3/n = 2 - \gamma$. The quasi-ballistic transport inside alloys is no longer governed by Brownian motion, but instead dominated by L\'evy dynamics. This has important implications for the interpretation of thermoreflectance (TR) measurements with modified Fourier theory. Experimental $\alpha$ values for InGaAs and SiGe, determined through TR analysis with a novel L\'evy heat formalism, match ab initio BTE predictions within a few percent. Our findings lead to a deeper and more accurate quantitative understanding of the physics of nanoscale heat flow experiments.
Stable Trace Formulas and Discrete Series Representations

Let G be a reductive algebraic group over Q, and suppose that Gamma is an arithmetic subgroup of G(R) defined by congruence conditions. A basic problem in arithmetic is to determine the multiplicities of discrete series representations in L^2(Gamma \ G(R)), and in general to determine the traces of Hecke operators on these spaces. In this paper we give a conjectural formula for the traces of Hecke operators, in terms of stable distributions. It is based on a stable version of Arthur's formula for L^2-Lefschetz numbers, which is due to Kottwitz. We reduce this formula to the computation of elliptic p-adic orbital integrals and the theory of endoscopic transfer. As evidence for this conjecture, we demonstrate the agreement of the central terms of this formula with the unipotent contributions to the multiplicity coming from Selberg's trace formula computed by Wakatsuki, in the case G=GSp_4 and Gamma=GSp_4(Z).
Random-walk baryogenesis via primordial black holes

Gravitation violates baryon number $B$: A star has a huge amount of it, while a black hole forming from the star has none. Consider primordial black holes before the hadronic annihiliation in the early universe, encountering and absorbing baryons and antibaryons: Each such absorption changes $B$ of the universe by one unit, up or down. But the absorption events are $uncorrelated$ $and$ $random$, hence they amount to a random walk in $B$-space, leading to the expectation of a net $|B|$ at the end. While the scale of this effect is most uncertain, it must exist. We explore some ramifications, including the change of net $|B|$ with expansion, connection with universe topology, and possible observational signatures.
Human papillomavirus intermittence, redetections, and associated risk of cytological abnormalities in the Ludwig-McGill cohort study of adult women

Introduction We assessed the incidence of redetection with the same human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype, predictors of first HPV detections and redetections, and prevalence of cytological lesions during HPV redetections. Methods The Ludwig-McGill cohort study followed women aged 18-60 years from Sao Paulo, Brazil in 1993-1997 for up to 10 years. Women provided cervical samples for cytology testing and HPV DNA testing at each visit. A redetection was defined as a recurring genotype-specific HPV positive result after one or more intervening negative visits. Predictors of genotype-specific redetection were assessed using adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) with Cox regression modeling. Results 2184 women contributed 2368 incident HPV genotype-specific first detections and 308 genotype-specific redetections over a median follow-up of 6.5 years. The cumulative incidence of redetection with the same genotype was 7% at 1 year and 15% at 5 years after the loss of positivity of the first detection. Neither age (aHR 0.90, 95%CI 0.54-1.47 for [≥]45y vs. <25y) nor new sexual partner acquisition (aHR 0.98, 95%CI 0.70-1.35) were statistically associated with genotype-specific redetection. High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion prevalence was similar during first HPV detections (2.9%) and redetection (3.2%). Conclusions Our findings suggest many HPV redetections were likely reactivations of latent recurring infections.
Personalized mood prediction from patterns of behavior collected with smartphones

Over the last ten years, there has been considerable progress in using digital behavioral phenotypes, captured passively and continuously from smartphones and wearable devices, to infer mood and diagnose major depressive disorder. However, most digital phenotype studies suffer from poor replicability, often fail to detect clinically relevant events, and use measures of depression that are not validated or suitable for collecting large and longitudinal data. Here, we report high-quality longitudinal validated assessments of mood from computerized adaptive testing paired with continuous digital assessments of behavior from smartphone sensors for up to 40 weeks on 183 individuals experiencing mild to severe symptoms of depression. We apply a novel combination of cubic spline interpolation and idiographic models to generate individualized predictions of future mood from the digital behavioral phenotypes, achieving high prediction accuracy of depression severity up to three weeks in advance (R2[≥] 80%). We show that the passive behavioral phenotypes enhance the prediction of future mood over and above a baseline model which predicts future mood based on past depression severity alone for 52% of individuals in our cohort. In conclusion, our study verified the feasibility of obtaining high-quality longitudinal assessments of mood from a clinical population and predicting symptom severity weeks in advance using passively collected digital behavioral data. Our results indicate the possibility of expanding the repertoire of patient-specific behavioral measures to enable future psychiatric research.