Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF RADIATION PRESSURE ON EMISSION-LINE PROFILES AND BLACK HOLE MASS DETERMINATION IN ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI

We present a new analysis of the motion of pressure-confined, broad-line region (BLR) clouds in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) taking into account the combined influence of gravity and radiation pressure. We calculate cloud orbits under a large range of conditions and include the effect of column density variation as a function of location. The dependence of radiation pressure force on the level of ionization and the column density are accurately computed. The main results are as follows. (1) The mean cloud locations (rBLR) and line widths (FWHMs) are combined in such a way that the simple virial mass estimate, rBLR, FWHM2/G, gives a reasonable approximation to MBH even when radiation pressure force is important. The reason is that L/M rather than L is the main parameter affecting the planar cloud motion. (2) Reproducing the mean observed rBLR, FWHM, and line intensity of Hβ and C iv λ1549 requires at least two different populations of clouds. (3) The cloud location is a function of both L1/2 and L/M. Given this, we suggest a new approximation for rBLR which, when inserted into the BH mass equation, results in a new approximation for MBH. The new expression involves L1/2, FWHM, and two constants that are obtained from a comparison with available M–σ* mass estimates. It deviates only slightly from the old mass estimate at all luminosities. (4) The quality of the present black hole mass estimators depends, critically, on the way the present M–σ* AGN sample (29 objects) represents the overall population, in particular the distribution of L/LEdd.
Business and the “Boys”: The Politics of Neoliberalism in the Central Andes

Although the 1970s witnessed a convergence of neoliberal economic policies and authoritarianism in the Southern Cone countries of Latin America, the 1980s gave way to a new combination of economic orthodoxy and democracy in Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru. Neoliberal economic projects emerged in these central Andean countries as they confronted broadly similar economic problems. Plummeting prices in the international market for key exports, decreased investment, and growing financial burdens imposed by the international debt created the parameters of la crisis—the topic that became a central focus of political discourse in these new democracies. At different points in time, each of the three countries responded to the crisis with neoliberal economic experiments. In Peru a turn toward neoliberalism occurred under the administration of Fernando Belaúnde Terry (1980-1985), only to be completely reversed by the heterodox policies of Alan García (1985–). In Ecuador basic stabilization measures had already been undertaken by the government of Osvaldo Hurtado (1981-1984). León Febres Cordero (1984-1988) then committed the country to a monetarist and antistatist model. In Bolivia following the enormous instability and hyperinflation during the government of Hernán Siles Zuazo (1982-1985), the country adopted a neoliberal approach under the presidency of Víctor Paz Estenssoro (1985-1988).
Muscle Amino Acid and Adenine Nucleotide Metabolism during Exercise and in Liver Cirrhosis: Speculations on How to Reduce the Harmful Effects of Ammonia

Studies from the last decades indicate that increased levels of ammonia contribute to muscle wasting in critically ill patients. The aim of the article is to examine the effects of two different causes of hyperammonemia—increased ATP degradation in muscles during strenuous exercise and impaired ammonia detoxification to urea due to liver cirrhosis. During exercise, glycolysis, citric acid cycle (CAC) activity, and ATP synthesis in muscles increase. In cirrhosis, due to insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction, glycolysis, CAC activity, and ATP synthesis in muscles are impaired. Both during exercise and in liver cirrhosis, there is increased ammonia detoxification to glutamine (Glu + NH3 + ATP → Gln + ADP + Pi), increased drain of ketoglutarate (α-KG) from CAC for glutamate synthesis by α-KG-linked aminotransferases, glutamate, aspartate, and α-KG deficiency, increased oxidation of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA; valine, leucine, and isoleucine), and protein-energy wasting in muscles. It is concluded that ammonia can contribute to muscle wasting regardless of the cause of its increased levels and that similar strategies can be designed to increase muscle performance in athletes and reduce muscle loss in patients with hyperammonemia. The pros and cons of glutamate, α-KG, aspartate, BCAA, and branched-chain keto acid supplementation are discussed.
Prediction of Cervical Lymph Nodes Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC) Using Nodal Staging Score (NSS)

Background Cervical lymph node metastasis is commonly seen in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Surgery is the preferred treatment for PTC with cervical lymph node metastasis. There is no alternate ultrasound, neck CT, and thyroglobulin (Tg) methods to assess the occult lymph node metastasis. For moderate-and high-risk PTC, the number of lymph nodes to be dissected should be increased to remove the occult lymph node metastasis. Objective This study was designed to develop a nodal staging score model to predict the likelihood of lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), and further guide the treatments. Material and Methods. Data were collected from the SEER database. Patients with PTC from 2000 to 2005 were selected. The beta-binomial model was adopted to establish a nodal staging score (NSS)-based model. The NSS-based model was built according to gender, age, extrathyroidal invasion, tumor multifocality, tumor size, and T stage of the patients. A total of 12,431 PTC patients were included in our study. Various types of lymph nodes were examined based on various categories (incidence, risk assessment) to evaluate the results. Results 5,959 (47.9%) patients in the study were positive and 6,472 (52.1%) were confirmed negative for lymph node metastasis. The corrected incidence of lymph node metastasis was higher than that of direct calculation, regardless of the factors that affected lymph node metastasis. There were significant differences in the OS of PTC patients among the four groups and T stage (p is less than 0.05), indicating that cervical lymph node metastasis would have an impact on the prognosis of patients. Conclusion In conclusion, an NSS-based model base on a variety of clinicopathological factors can be used to predict lymph node metastasis. It is important to evaluate the risk of occult lymph node metastasis in the treatment of PTC. Since, this statistical model can describe the risk of occult lymph node metastasis in patients; therefore, it can be used as basis for decision-making related to the number of lymph nodes that can be dissected in operations.
CONSTRAINT ON THE INFLOW/OUTFLOW RATES IN STAR-FORMING GALAXIES AT z ∼ 1.4 FROM MOLECULAR GAS OBSERVATIONS

We constrain the rate of gas inflow into and outflow from a main-sequence star-forming galaxy at by fitting a simple analytic model for the chemical evolution in a galaxy to the observational data of the stellar mass, metallicity, and molecular gas mass fraction. The molecular gas mass is derived from CO observations with a metallicity-dependent CO-to-H2 conversion factor, and the gas metallicity is derived from the Hα and [N ii]λ 6584 emission line ratio. Using a stacking analysis of CO integrated intensity maps and the emission lines of Hα and [N ii], the relation between stellar mass, metallicity, and gas mass fraction is derived. We constrain the inflow and outflow rates with least-chi-square fitting of a simple analytic chemical evolution model to the observational data. The best-fit inflow and outflow rates are ∼1.7 and ∼0.4 in units of star formation rate (SFR), respectively. The inflow rate is roughly comparable to the sum of the SFR and outflow rate, which supports the equilibrium model for galaxy evolution; i.e., all inflow gas is consumed by star formation and outflow.
A Survey on In-Network Computing: Programmable Data Plane and Technology Specific Applications

In comparison with cloud computing, edge computing offers processing at locations closer to end devices and reduces the user experienced latency. The new recent paradigm of in-network computing employs programmable network elements to compute on the path and prior to traffic reaching the edge or cloud servers. It advances common edge/cloud server based computing through proposing line rate processing capabilities at closer locations to the end devices. This paper discusses use cases, enabler technologies and protocols for in-network computing. According to our study, considering programmable data plane as an enabler technology, potential in-network computing applications are in-network analytics, in-network caching, in-network security, and in-network coordination. There are also technology specific applications of in-network computing in the scopes of cloud computing, edge computing, 5G/6G, and NFV. In this survey, the state of the art, in the framework of the proposed categorization, is reviewed. Furthermore, comparisons are provided in terms of a set of proposed criteria which assess the methods from the aspects of methodology, main results, as well as application-specific criteria. Finally, we discuss lessons learned and highlight some potential research directions.
Identification of Key Regulatory Pathways of Basidiocarp Formation in Pleurotus spp. Using Modeling, Simulation and System Biology Studies

Pleurotus (Oyster mushroom) is an important cultivated edible mushroom across the world. It has several therapeutic effects as it contains various useful bio-molecules. The cultivation and crop management of these basidiomycete fungi depends on many extrinsic and intrinsic factors such as substrate composition, growing environment, enzymatic properties, and the genetic makeup, etc. Moreover, for efficient crop production, a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental properties viz. intrinsic–extrinsic factors and genotype-environment interaction analysis is required. The present study explores the basidiocarp formation biology in Pleurotus mushroom using an in silico response to the environmental factors and involvement of the major regulatory genes. The predictive model developed in this study indicates involvement of the key regulatory pathways in the pinhead to fruit body development process. Notably, the major regulatory pathways involved in the conversion of mycelium aggregation to pinhead formation and White Collar protein (PoWC1) binding flavin-chromophore (FAD) to activate respiratory enzymes. Overall, cell differentiation and higher expression of respiratory enzymes are the two important steps for basidiocarp formation. PoWC1 and pofst genes were participate in the structural changes process. Besides this, the PoWC1 gene is also involved in the respiratory requirement, while the OLYA6 gene is the triggering point of fruiting. The findings of the present study could be utilized to understand the detailed mechanism associated with the basidiocarp formation and to cultivate mushrooms at a sustainable level.
A Revised Continuous Observation Length Model of Rough Contact without Adhesion

The real contact area of rough surfaces has significant importance in many engineering applications, such as tribology, wear, lubrication and seals. A continuous observation length-dependent mechanic model of rough contact without adhesion is proposed, which assumes that the rough surface is divided into ideal subplanes. However, the model ignores the elastoplastic deformation of asperities, and the standard deviation of ideal subplanes’ heights is assumed to vary linearly with continuous observation length, which is not precise for all the surface fractal dimensions. In this work, a revised continuous observation length model is proposed with elastic, elastoplastic and fully plastic stages. The expressions of force and real contact areas are derived. For surfaces with different fractal dimensions, the quadratic polynomial, cubic polynomial and power relationships between standard deviation and observation length are proposed, respectively. In addition, the influences of the dimensionless observation length, fractal dimension and equivalent elastic modulus on the real contact areas in different contact stages are also analyzed. It can be concluded that the quadrate real contact area decreases as the dimensionless observation length decreases, which can be applied to the percolation theory for leak seal problems.
LBVCNN: Local Binary Volume Convolutional Neural Network for Facial Expression Recognition From Image Sequences

Recognizing facial expressions is one of the central problems in computer vision. Temporal image sequences have useful spatio-temporal features for recognizing expressions. In this paper, we propose a new 3D Convolution Neural Network (CNN) that can be trained end-to-end for facial expression recognition on temporal image sequences without using facial landmarks. More specifically, a novel 3D convolutional layer that we call Local Binary Volume (LBV) layer is proposed. The LBV layer, when used with our newly proposed LBVCNN network, achieve comparable results compared to state-of-the-art landmark-based or without landmark-based models on image sequences from CK+, Oulu-CASIA, and UNBC McMaster shoulder pain datasets. Furthermore, our LBV layer reduces the number of trainable parameters by a significant amount when compared to a conventional 3D convolutional layer. As a matter of fact, when compared to a 3 × 3 × 3 conventional 3D convolutional layer, the LBV layer uses 27 times less trainable parameters.
Absolute flow and resistance have a lower variability in repeated testing as compared to CFR and IMR: an EDIT-CMD substudy

Invasive coronary function testing (CFT), including both acetylcholine (ACH) spasm provocation testing and assessment of coronary flow and resistance, is recommended to assess coronary vasomotor dysfunction (CVDys) in patients with angina and non-obstructive coronary artery disease (ANOCA). To determine repeat testing reliability of invasive measurements of CVDys. In the EDIT-CMD trial, 73 patients underwent both baseline and follow-up CFT after six weeks. Repeat testing reliability for CVDys assessment, including coronary flow reserve (CFR), index of microvascular resistance (IMR), absolute flow (Q) and microvascular resistance (R) was assessed by 1. ) comparing continuous values between baseline and follow-up measurement, including difference and correlation between the two measurements 2. ) classification agreement (CCA) for the presence of CMD according to cut-offs, which was also assessed for ACH spasm provocation test and 3. ) Bland-Altman plots. Fisher-Z scores were used to compare correlations. Mean CFR was 3.1±1.5 at baseline and 4.1±1.5 at follow-up (P=0.03), with no significant correlation (ρ=0.285, P=0.10). Mean IMR was 27±12 at baseline and 27±19 at follow-up (P=0.94), with a trend to a significant correlation (ρ=0.312, P=0.07). The CCA between the baseline and follow-up was 74% for CFR and 57% for IMR. Mean Q was 183±72 at baseline and 192±78 at follow-up (P=0.49), with a significant correlation (ρ=0.579, P<0.001). Mean R was 527±233 at baseline and 506±228 at follow-up (P=0.67), with a significant correlation (ρ=0.51, p=0.03). The CCA between R at baseline and 6 weeks follow-up was 72% and for Q this was 82%. The correlation coefficient (ρ) of Q was significantly better than the ρ of CFR (P=0.006). The ρ of R and IMR did not differ. For the ACH spasm provocation test we found a CCA of 79% between both measurements. This is the first study to assess re-test reliability of the invasive CFT. Measurements of Q and R show higher agreement and correlation than their surrogates CFR and IMR in assessing microvascular function. ACH provocation spasm test also demonstrated good re-test reliability. Type of funding sources: Private company. Main funding source(s): Abbott
Distance-generalized Core Decomposition

The k-core of a graph is defined as the maximal subgraph in which every vertex is connected to at least k other vertices within that subgraph. In this work we introduce a distance-based generalization of the notion of k-core, which we refer to as the $(k,h)$-core, i.e., the maximal subgraph in which every vertex has at least k other vertices at distance $łeq h$ within that subgraph. We study the properties of the $(k,h)$-core showing that it preserves many of the nice features of the classic core decomposition (e.g., its connection with the notion of distance-generalized chromatic number ) and it preserves its usefulness to speed-up or approximate distance-generalized notions of dense structures, such as h-club. Computing the distance-generalized core decomposition over large networks is intrinsically complex. However, by exploiting clever upper and lower bounds we can partition the computation in a set of totally independent subcomputations, opening the door to top-down exploration and to multithreading, and thus achieving an efficient algorithm.
Cybernétique, interactivité et conversation : retour sur les effets des expériences de Gordon S. Pask en architecture

Les effets sur l’architecture des recherches de Gordon S. Pask peuvent être appréhendés à partir des thèmes de la cybernétique, de l’interaction et de la conversation. D’abord, un état de l’art contextualise la période de transition entre la première et la deuxième cybernétique en retraçant les étapes clés des approches symboliques et connexionnistes de l’intelligence artificielle sachant que les recherches de Pask se situent à l’intersection de ces deux approches. Ensuite, des concepts de la théorie de la conversation (CT), des expériences menées en psychologie de l’apprentissage et des installations interactives en art sont présentés succinctement, ainsi que leurs influences sur l’architecture. Enfin, ce retour historique permet un éclairage supplémentaire sur la mise en relation des acteurs de la conception architecturale au sein d’un écosystème numérique (machines dotées d’IA et/ou êtres humains).
Mass Varying Neutrinos in Supernovae

� e ! � � s in two-flavor scenario. In a given model of MaVaN mechanism, we induce a position-dependent effective mass difference, � ~ m 2 ðrÞ, where r is the distance from the supernova core, that changes the neutrino and antineutrino flavor conversion probabilities. We study the constraints on the mixing angle and vacuum mass difference coming from r-process and the SN1987A data. Our result is the appearance of a new exclusion region for very small mixing angles, tan 2 � ¼ 10 � 6 –10 � 2 , and small vacuum mass difference, � m 2 ¼ 1–20 eV 2 , due the MaVaN mechanism.
Optimal Code Generation for Expression Trees: An Application of BURS (bottom-Up Rewrite Systems) Theory

Abstract : A Rewrite System is a collection of rewrite rules of the form alpha approaches limit of beta where alpha and beta are tree patterns. A rewrite system can be extended by associating a cost with each rewrite rule, and by defining the cost of a rewrite sequence as the sum of the costs of all the rewrite rules in the sequence. The REACHABILITY problem for a rewrite system R is, given an input tree T and a fixed goal tree G, to determine if there exists a rewrite sequence in R, rewriting T into G and, if so, to obtain one such sequence. The C-REACHABILITY problem is similar except that the obtained sequence must have minimal cost among wall those sequences rewriting T into G. This paper introduces a class of rewrite systems called Bottom-Up Rewrite Systems (BURS), and a tabledriven algorithm to solve REACHABILITY for members of the class. This algorithm is then modified to solve C-REACHABILITY for members of the class. This algorithm is then modified to solve C-REACHABILITY and specialized for a subclass of BURS so that all cost manipulation is encoded into the tables and is not performed explicitly at solving time. The subclass extends the simple machine architectures for code generation, by allowing additional types of rewrite rules such as commutativity transformations. A table-driven code generator based on solving C-REACHABILITY has been implemented and tested with several machine descriptions.
A MULTIDIMENSIONAL RELATIVISTIC HYDRODYNAMIC CODE WITH A GENERAL EQUATION OF STATE

The ideal gas equation of state with a constant adiabatic index, although commonly used in relativistic hydrodynamics, is a poor approximation for most relativistic astrophysical flows. Here we propose a new general equation of state for a multi-component relativistic gas which is consistent with the Synge equation of state for a relativistic perfect gas and is suitable for numerical (special) relativistic hydrodynamics. We also present a multidimensional relativistic hydrodynamic code incorporating the proposed general equation of state, based on the HLL scheme, which does not make use of a full characteristic decomposition of the relativistic hydrodynamic equations. The accuracy and robustness of this code is demonstrated in multidimensional calculations through several highly relativistic test problems taking into account nonvanishing tangential velocities. Results from three-dimensional simulations of relativistic jets show that the morphology and dynamics of the relativistic jets are significantly influenced by the different equation of state and by different compositions of relativistic perfect gases. Our new numerical code, combined with our proposed equation of state, is very efficient and robust, and unlike previous codes, it gives very accurate results for thermodynamic variables in relativistic astrophysical flows.
A Belief Propagation Based State Estimator for Semi-Intrusive Load Monitoring System

For industrial application of load monitoring techniques, it is important to establish high-performance state estimators of low-cost and low frequency smart meters (SM) and sensors in a power system, which can run under resource-constrained computing units. Because household electronic appliances often tap power from fixed sockets, a finite state table for the corresponding sensors is suitable and convenient. However, SM in the main line may have an enormous state table. In this study, we propose a belief propagation (BP) algorithm to calculate the power consumption of electronic appliances in a semi-intrusive load monitoring (SILM) system whose SM and sensors have state tables with sizes varying largely. The novelty of the proposed method lies in a continuous approximation to a large state table and a switching scheme between discrete and continuous parts of the SILM system. With datasets from numerical simulations and a real-world experimental SILM system in a set of high-density school buildings within a secondary distribution network, the proposed BP algorithm is compared with relevant state-of-the-art algorithms. The results show that the proposed algorithm achieves a percentage of error (8%), which outperforms the percentage achieved by the other methods, a linear state estimation of 99%, a hidden Markov model of 21%, and a full-discrete BP algorithm of 11%. In addition, the complexity of the proposed algorithm is the least of all methods, and the proposed algorithm can run by SoC on concentrators.