Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AEGLE MARMELOS EXTRACT CAN ENHANCE MEMORY IN RATS

Diabetes mellitus is associated with disturbances of learning and memory and cognitive functioning. Aegle marmelos Corr. from Rutaceae family, is widely used in Iranian folk medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. It decreases blood glucose level by improving glucose tolerance and also has lipid-lowering and antioxidant properties. Considering the beneficial antidiabetic potential of A. marmelos, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of chronic oral administration of A. marmelos as cognitive enhancer, on learning and spatial memory in diabetic rats using Morris water maze test. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal-control, diabetic-control, and A. marmelos-treated diabetic groups (100, 250 and 500 mg/kg, p.o., 4 weeks). Diabetes was induced by a single dose i.p. injection of streptozotocin (45 mg/kg). In each group of animals, spatial learning and memory parameters were analyzed. A. marmelos showed dose dependent improvement in spatial learning and memory parameters. Swimming time (Escape Latency) in normal-control and A. marmelos-treated diabetic animals rats was significantly lower than diabetic-control, while swimming speed was significantly higher. The study demonstrated that A. marmelos has a significant protective effect against diabetes-induced spatial learning and memory deficits. This effect can be attributed to hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activity of A. marmelos.
Robust Automatic Microarray Image Analysis

Parallel expression analysis of many genes by microarray hybridisation is one of the most promising techniques in functional genomics. The method has been successfully applied many times in medical and biological research. Our work is about automatic methods for the first stages of a microarray data analysis pipeline. Expression analysis by microarray hybridisation is a high throughput technique. While interactive, semi-automatic software is still frequently used for the analysis of scanned array images, it is highly desirable to have automatic procedures which yield better repeatability and constant quality of the expression data for later cluster analyses. Automatic methods must handle noise and the frequently occurring contaminations on microarrays. In large scale microarray experiments, automatic image analysis can save substantial amounts of work. We describe robust image processing methods that find the printed grids of spots in the scanned microarray images without the requirement of special guide spots or specially calibrated equipment. Processing of many slides from the same print batch helps to minimize the need for human intervention. We derive our method of spot intensity ratio computation from the biochemical model of differential gene expression experiments and finally discuss how different ratio computation methods can be compared. We compare results of our method to results of manual analyses using the well-known Scanalyze (M. Eisen, LBNL Berkeley) as well as recently published methods (Brown et al. (2001), PNAS 92, 8944-8949). Our automatic method yields comparable or even more accurate results than standard methods under poor hybridisation and scan quality conditions.
Mathematical control theory - an introduction

Preface. - Introduction. - Part I. Elements of classical control theory. - Controllability and observability. - Stability and stabilizability. - Realization theory. - Systems with constraints. - Part II. Nonlinear control systems. - Controllability and observability of nonlinear systems. - Stability and stabilizability. - Realization theory. - Part III. Optimal control. - Dynamic programming. - Dynamic programming for impulse control. - The maximum principle. - The existence of optimal strategies. - Part IV. Infinite dimensional linear systems. - Linear control systems. - Controllability. - Stability and stabilizability. - Linear regulators in Hilbert spaces. - Appendix. - Metric spaces. - Banach spaces. - Hilbert spaces. - Bochner's integral. - Spaces of continuous functions. - Spaces of measurable functions. - References. - Notations. - Index
Molecular biology for flux control.

Molecular biology for flux control P. R. ]ensen*, J. L. Snoept, D. Molenaart, W. C. van HeeswijktS, B. N. Kholodenkotts, A. A. van der Gugtenll and H. V. WesterhofftSlI *Department of Microbiology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark, tDepartment of Microbial Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1087, I08 I HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, $E.C. Slater Institute, BioCentrum, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, $A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, and JIDepartment of Tumor Biology, The Netherlands Cancer InstitutdAvL, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 367
Adding audio and video to an office environment

The aim of the VISION project was to determine the value added to an office system by incorporating audio and video. The performance, feelings and perceptions of work groups were measured while they carried out cooperative tasks in a controlled environment using an experimental video communication system. The results showed no significant differences in the quality of the output, or the time taken to complete the tasks, under three conditions: data sharing; data sharing plus audio; data sharing plus audio and video. The results suggest that high bandwidth communication is particularly effective for social, informal, communication. When AT&T introduced the PicturePhone at the 1964 World's Fair the product was met with popular acclaim. Attendees at the fair stood in long lines to try it out. AT&T claimed that the PicturePhone was going to change the face of telecommunications. Commercially, however, the PicturePhone was unsuccessful. It became the proverbial solution looking for a problem. Indeed, when introducing new technologies, many vendors-including AT&T-go out of their way to claim "This is NOT another PicturePhone! " However, technology has come a long way since 1964 and there have been a number of developments recently which could make this marketplace a reality. Firstly, the availability of ISDN via a public switched network will dramatically reduce the cost of ,communications. Secondly, the development of high powered, high resolution personal computers makes desktop video conferencing possible. And thirdly, advances in video compression technology has greatly reduced lhe amount of bandwidth required to transmil full motion video. Yet, to be able to effectively develop and market a product one must understand the effects that such a product has on its users. 2.0 Experimental Design The aim of this current study was to determine the value added to an oflice system by incorporating visual communication. The following experiments attempted to identify the effects that visual communication has upon users when performing tasks in an integrated office environment. Direct comparisons of visual communication with other forms of communication traditionally found in the office, e.g. electronic mail, telephone, face-to-face, are difficult because of the number of variables involved. For example, face-to-face communication and the telephone are synchronous, whereas electronic mail is asynchronous. The results from any experiment which compares these media, could be as much to do with the asynchronous/synchronous nature of the media, as the with the media itself. Indeed, if a mixture of asynchronous and synchronous media were to …
An Interests Discovery Approach in Social Networks Based on Semantically Enriched Graphs

Studying the text messages of a user such as his posts in Facebook or his tweets in Twitter can help in detecting his topics of interests. User in Social Network Systems (SNS) posts text messages about a wide diverse of topics. Posts usually written in a non-standard language, which make it not applicable to the standard Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques used to catch the relations between words in text. In many cases there are semantic relations between the contained entities of posts that can infer the interest of the user. Bag-Of-Words (BOW) based text classification techniques classify this kind of messages to a wide diverse of topics, but they fail in catching the implicit semantic relation between the contained entities. In this paper we propose a technique to discover the implicit semantic relations between entities in text messages, which can infer the interests of a user. The proposed technique based on a semantically enriched graph representation of entities contained in text messages generated by a user, a new algorithm (Root-Path-Degree) is invented and used to find the most representative sub-graph that reflects the semantic implicit interests of the user. An evaluation was done using manually annotated posts of 687 Facebook users. Precision and Recall results showed our technique performs better than the standard BOW technique.
Br Ief Definitive Repor T the Transcription Factor Zeb2 Regulates Development of Conventional and Plasmacytoid Dcs by Repressing Id2 Unit of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, And

DCs reside in almost all tissues in the body, where they function as immune sentinels. DCs can be subdivided into two main groups: plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), which are specialized in the production of type I interferons to elicit an an-tiviral immune response (Swiecki and Colonna, 2015), and conventional DCs (cDCs), which are professional antigen-presenting cells. cDCs form the crucial link between the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system by sampling local antigens and subsequently migrating to their draining LNs, where they initiate appropriate responses from T cells (Merad et al., 2013). cDCs exist in two main subtypes, which were recently termed cDC1s and cDC2s (Guilliams et al., 2014). cDC1s, expressing XCR1 and usually CD103 and/ or CD8α, are functionally specialized in cross-presentation of antigens to CD8 + T cells (Hildner et al., 2008; Bachem et al., 2010; Haniffa et al., 2012). cDC2s express CD172a (signal regulatory protein α [SIRPα]) and usually CD11b or CD4 and are functionally specialized in the presentation of anti-gens to CD4 + T cells (Merad et al., 2013). DCs develop in the BM through a series of differentiation intermediates, each with a further degree of commitment to a specific lineage, that see the common myeloid progenitor (CMP) become a macrophage–DC progenitor (MDP) and then a common DC progenitor (CDP), with the penultimate step of differentiation resulting in generation of the pre-pDC and pre-cDCs (Naik et al. Furthermore, it has recently been shown that pre-cDCs can be further subdivided into pre-cDC1s and pre-cDC2s, which are committed to the cDC1 and cDC2 lineages, respectively (Grajales-Reyes et al., 2015; Schlitzer et al., 2015). Pre-pDCs develop into pDCs in the BM, which then migrate out to the periphery, whereas the pre-cDC subsets first migrate to the periphery and then undergo their final differentiation into cDCs (Liu et al., 2009; Onai et al., 2013; Schlitzer et al., 2015). The development of pDCs, cDC1s, and cDC2s requires the concerted action of several lineage-determining transcription factors (TFs). The main TF involved in pDC development and maintenance is the basic helix–loop–helix E protein E2-2 (Cisse et al. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DCs [pDCs]) develop from pre-pDCs, whereas two lineages of conventional DCs (cDCs; cDC1s and cDC2s) develop from lineage-committed pre-cDCs. Several transcription factors (TFs) have been implicated in regulating the development of pDCs (E2-2 and Id2) and cDC1s (Irf8, Id2, and Batf3); however, those required for the early commitment of pre-cDCs toward the …
Optimal register reassignment for register stack overflow minimization

Architectures with a register stack can implement efficient calling conventions. Using the overlapping of callers' and callees' registers, callers are able to pass parameters to callees without a memory stack. The most recent instance of a register stack can be found in the Intel Itanium architecture. A hardware component called the register stack engine (RSE) provides an illusion of an infinite-length register stack using a memory-backed process to handle overflow and underflow for a physically limited number of registers. Despite such hardware support, some applications suffer from the overhead required to handle register stack overflow and underflow. The memory latency associated with the overflow and underflow of a register stack can be reduced by generating multiple register allocation instructions within a procedure [Settle et al. 2003]. Live analysis is utilized to find a set of registers that are not required to keep their values across procedure boundaries. However, among those dead registers, only the registers that are consecutively located in a certain part of the register stack frame can be removed. We propose a compiler-supported register reassignment technique that reduces RSE overflow/underflow further. By reassigning registers based on live analysis, our technique forces as many dead registers to be removed as possible. We define the problem of optimal register reassignment, which minimizes interprocedural register stack heights considering multiple call sites within a procedure. We present how this problem is related to a path-finding problem in a graph called a sequence graph. We also propose an efficient heuristic algorithm for the problem. Finally, we present the measurement of effects of the proposed techniques on SPEC CINT2000 benchmark suite and the analysis of the results. The result shows that our approach reduces the RSE cycles by 6.4% and total cpu cycles by 1.7% on average.
Multiple Kernel Learning: A Unifying Probabilistic Viewpoint

Abstract Wepresentaprobabilisticviewpointtomultiplekernellearningunifyingwell-knownregu-larisedriskapproachesandrecentadvancesinapproximateBayesianinferencerelaxations.Theframeworkproposesageneralobjectivefunctionsuitableforregression,robustregres-sion and classiﬁcation that is lower bound of the marginal likelihood and contains manyregularisedriskapproachesasspecialcases. Furthermore,wederiveaneﬃcientandprov-ablyconvergentoptimisationalgorithm.Keywords: Multiple kernel learning, approximate Bayesian inference, double loop algo-rithms,Gaussianprocesses 1. Introduction Nonparametric kernel methods, cornerstones of machine learning today, can be seen fromdiﬀerentangles: asregularisedriskminimisationinfunctionspaces(ScholkopfandSmola,2002), or as probabilistic Gaussian process methods (Rasmussen and Williams,2006). Inthesetechniques,thekernel(orequivalentlycovariance)functionencodesinterpolationchar-acteristics from observed to unseen points, and two basic statistical problems have to bemastered. First,alatentfunctionmustbepredictedwhichﬁtsdatawell,yetisassmoothaspossiblegiventheﬁxedkernel. Second,thekernelfunctionparametershavetobelearnedaswell,tobestsupportpredictionswhichareofprimaryinterest. Whiletheﬁrstproblemissimplerandhasbeenaddressedmuchmorefrequentlysofar,thecentralroleoflearningthecovariancefunctioniswellacknowledged, andasubstantialnumberofmethodsfor“learn-ing the kernel”, “multiple kernel learning”, or “evidence maximisation” are available now.However, much of this work has ﬁrmly been associated with one of the “camps” (referredto as regularised risk and probabilistic in the sequel) with surprisingly little crosstalk oracknowledgmentsofpriorworkacrossthisboundary. Inthispaper,weclarifytherelation-ship between major regularised risk and probabilistic kernel learning techniques precisely,pointingoutadvantagesandpitfallsofeither,aswellasalgorithmicsimilaritiesleadingtonovelpowerfulalgorithms.Wedevelopacommonanalyticalandalgorithmicalframeworkencompassingapproachesfrombothcampsandprovideclearinsightsintotheoptimisationstructure. Eventhough,most of the optimisation is non convex, we show how to operate a provably convergent“almostNewton”methodnevertheless. Eachstepisnotmuchmoreexpensivethanagradient
Randomized controlled trial of a brief dyadic cognitive-behavioral intervention designed to prevent PTSD

Background There is a dearth of effective interventions to prevent the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Method We evaluated the efficacy of a brief dyadic two-session cognitive-behavioral intervention through a controlled trial involving trauma-exposed individuals recruited at the hospital's emergency room. Participants were randomly assigned to either the dyadic intervention group (n=37) or to a waiting list (assessment only) group (n=37). Results In an intent-to-treat analysis, a time-by-group interaction was found, whereby the treated participants had less PTSD symptoms at the post-treatment but not at the pre-treatment compared to controls. Controlling for the improvement observed in the control participants, the intervention yielded a net effect size of d=0.39. Conclusions A brief, early, and effective intervention can be provided by nurses or social workers in hospital settings, at a fairly low cost to individuals presenting to the emergency room as the result of trauma exposure.
Heterotrimeric G-protein Signaling Is Critical to Pathogenic Processes in Entamoeba histolytica

Heterotrimeric G-protein signaling pathways are vital components of physiology, and many are amenable to pharmacologic manipulation. Here, we identify functional heterotrimeric G-protein subunits in Entamoeba histolytica, the causative agent of amoebic colitis. The E. histolytica Gα subunit EhGα1 exhibits conventional nucleotide cycling properties and is seen to interact with EhGβγ dimers and a candidate effector, EhRGS-RhoGEF, in typical, nucleotide-state-selective fashions. In contrast, a crystal structure of EhGα1 highlights unique features and classification outside of conventional mammalian Gα subfamilies. E. histolytica trophozoites overexpressing wildtype EhGα1 in an inducible manner exhibit an enhanced ability to kill host cells that may be wholly or partially due to enhanced host cell attachment. EhGα1-overexpressing trophozoites also display enhanced transmigration across a Matrigel barrier, an effect that may result from altered baseline migration. Inducible expression of a dominant negative EhGα1 variant engenders the converse phenotypes. Transcriptomic studies reveal that modulation of pathogenesis-related trophozoite behaviors by perturbed heterotrimeric G-protein expression includes transcriptional regulation of virulence factors and altered trafficking of cysteine proteases. Collectively, our studies suggest that E. histolytica possesses a divergent heterotrimeric G-protein signaling axis that modulates key aspects of cellular processes related to the pathogenesis of this infectious organism.
The happy family of cytochrome oxidases.

Introduction The enzymes which comprise the prokaryotic and eukaryotic respiratory chains are typically membrane-bound multi-subunit complexes. In mitochondria they tend to be more complex protein conglomerates than in bacteria. In both eubacteria and archaebacteria respiratory enzymes seem to contain only the functional cores of their eukaryotic sisters. In the simplest cases they may have only a single subunit but still retain at least a part of the relevant catalytic function [ 1,2]. The archaetype of this family is the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidiase (1.9.3.1) or cytochrome aa3, which has, depending on the species, from seven to thirteen different subunits, contains two haem A groups and two redox-active copper ions, and functions as a redox-linked proton pump [3-51. Many bacteria have a similar cytochrome aa, but this has only three or four subunits [4, 61. Different types of terminal oxidases, many of which are known to have subunits homologous to those in the mitochondrial enzyme but which contain different prosthetic groups, are frequently found in bacteria [6-81. This short review will focus on these bacterial quinol and cytochrome c oxidases.
Multiple User Tracing Codes

For integers 2 les k les r, a set of binary codewords is a k-out-of-r multiple user tracing code, if from the bitwise "or" of at most r codewords one can determine at least k of them. Single user tracing codes (k = 1) were introduced by Csuros and Ruszinko (2005) and the order of magnitude of their rate was determined to be 1/r by Alon and Asodi. Here we continue this line of investigations for the case of tracing more than one user and prove that for any fixed k, the magnitude of the rate is exactly 1/r. We show further that for some non-constant k = k(r), the rate can be better than Omega(logr/r2), which is an upper bound for the rate of the union free, or superimposed codes
Does Inquiry Based Learning Affect Students' Beliefs and Attitudes towards Mathematics?.

Ill-structured tasks presented in an inquiry learning environment have the potential to affect students’ beliefs and attitudes towards mathematics. This empirical research followed a Design Experiment approach to explore how aspects of using ill-structured tasks may have affected students’ beliefs and attitudes. Results showed this task type and learning environment created situations that exposed and challenged students’ beliefs and attitudes and required them to defend their position. Insights regarding factors that may influence students’ beliefs and attitudes are discussed. Dewey (1938) suggested that in order to learn, the learner must first experience a sense of doubt. Traditional mathematics classrooms and curriculum could be argued to reduce the occurrence of doubt by providing structure with guided, repetitious skill practice and certainty through the ‘one correct answer’ type questioning. To challenge this learning model and in order to generate doubt, one method that has been employed by researchers and educators is inquiry based learning (Goodchild, Fuglestad & Jaworski, 2013). Within this body of research, the use of ill- structured tasks are a tool utilised to initiate and support the creation of doubt in an attempt to generate real learning experiences in mathematics (Lodewyk, Winne, & Jamieson-Noel, 2009; Spector, 2006). Ill-structured tasks in mathematics are generally considered to be open ended, context based questions that have a deliberate ‘messiness’ in the question. This question ‘messiness’ varies from study to study but can include vagueness, having key factors missing, using data that is not uniformly collected or sorted and not having specific steps that lead to the answer. Simon (1978, p. 286) defined ill-structured tasks as satisfying the following three criteria: 1. The criterion that determines whether the goal has been attained is both more complex and less definite. 2. The information needed to solve the problem is not entirely contained in the problem instructions, and indeed, the boundaries of the relevant information are themselves very vague. 3. There is no simple ‘legal move generator’ for finding all of the alternative possibilities at each step. Students’ beliefs and attitudes towards learning mathematics have been linked to their outcomes in mathematics and is also argued to predict a student’s propensity to use it in non-educational settings (Goldin, Epstein, Schorr, & Warner, 2011; Maass, 2010). Most mathematics curricula worldwide incorporate an affective domain that aspires to instil beliefs and attitudes that allow the learner to recognise the beauty and power of mathematics, but this is rarely tested or measured. To assist with identifying beliefs that are specific to learning mathematics they are defined for this report as being able to be categorised into four main types:  the nature of mathematics in general;