Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The eurozone crisis : how banks and sovereigns came to be joined at the hip

The eurozone sovereign and banking crisis evolved in three phases. Following the onset of the subprime tremors in July 2007, the risk premia (spreads) on bonds issued by eurozone sovereigns rose from historically low levels; but they rose largely in tandem across the eurozone membership along with global banking stresses. The rescue of the US investment bank, Bear Stearns, in March 2008, oddly enough, marked the start of a distinctively European banking crisis accompanied by increased differentiation of countries within the eurozone. With the greater expectation of public support for distressed banks, the spreads that a sovereign paid tended to rise following evidence of stress in its domestic financial sector. This was especially so in countries with lower growth prospects and higher debt burdens. But there was as yet no feedback from banks to sovereigns. Finally, as the limits of fiscal support for domestic banks became clearer, and coinciding with the nationalization of Anglo Irish in January 2009 but gathering steam with evidence of the Greek sovereign’s distress in May 2010, sovereign weaknesses also came to be quickly transmitted to a more pessimistic assessment of the financial sector’s prospects, creating the potential of mutual destabilization.
A one-class object-based system for sparse geographic feature identification

The automation of information extraction from earth observation imagery has become a field of active research. This is mainly due to the high volumes of remotely sensed data that remain unused and the possible benefits that the extracted information can provide to a wide range of interest groups. In this work an earth observation image processing system is presented and profiled that attempts to streamline the information extraction process, without degradation of the quality of the extracted information, for geographic object anomaly detection. The proposed system, implemented as a software application, combines recent research in automating image segment generation and automatically finding statistical classifier parameters and attribute subsets using evolutionary inspired search algorithms. Exploratory research was conducted on the use of an edge metric as a fitness function to an evolutionary search heuristic to automate the generation of image segments for a region merging segmentation algorithm having six control parameters. The edge metric for such an application is compared with an area based metric. The use of attribute subset selection in conjunction with a free parameter tuner for a one class support vector machine (SVM) classifier, operating on high dimensional object based data, was also investigated. For common earth observation anomaly detection problems using typical segment attributes, such a combined free parameter tuning and attribute subset selection system provided superior statistically significant results compared to a free parameter tuning only process. In some extreme cases, due to the stochastic nature of the search algorithm employed, the free parameter only strategy provided slightly better results. The developed system was used in a case study to map a single class of interest on a 22.5 x 22.5km subset of a SPOT 5 image and is compared with a multiclass classification strategy. The developed system generated slightly better classification accuracies than the multiclass classifier and only required samples from the class of interest.
Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics on the Origin of Time-dependent Behaviour in a Barotropically Unstable Shear Layer

An experimental study on the instability of a detached Stewartson layer, using an annular, rotating tank with flat, rigid upper and lower boundaries, showed an instability to steady vortices at a critical Reynolds number, arranged in a global mode structure along the shear layer. Increasing the Reynolds number resulted in successive transitions to lower modes where time-dependent behaviour was only found for flows with three or less vortices. Previous numerical simulations of a related experiment, using a two-dimensional spectral model of the quasi-geostrophic vorticity equation incorporating Ekman forcing and viscous dissipation, suggested that the boundary conditions at the inner cylinder of the domain could significantly affect the interior flow by the generation and shedding of vorticity at this inner boundary. A comparison of the numerical results with experimental data suggests that the rise of time-dependent behaviour is due to vorticity generation at the inner domain boundary.
Prediction and Analysis of β-turns by Support Vector Machine 1 Prediction and Analysis of β-turns in Proteins by Support Vector Machine

Tight turn has long been recognized as one of the three important features of proteins after the α-helix and β-sheet. Tight turns play an important role in globular proteins from both the structural and functional points of view. More than 90% tight turns are β-turns. Analysis and prediction of β-turns in particular and tight turns in general are very useful for the design of new molecules such as drugs, pesticides, and antigens. In this paper, we introduce a support vector machine (SVM) approach to prediction and analysis of β-turns. We have investigated two aspects of applying SVM to the prediction and analysis of β-turns. First, we developed a new SVM method, called BTSVM, which predicts β-turns of a protein from its sequence. The prediction results on the dataset of 426 non-homologous protein chains by sevenfold cross-validation technique showed that our method is superior to the other previous methods. Second, we analyzed how amino acid positions support (or prevent) the formation of β-turns based on the “multivariable” classification model of a linear SVM. This model is more general than the other ones of previous statistical methods. Our analysis results are more comprehensive and easier to use than previously published analysis results.
Multiresolution distance volumes for progressive surface compression

We present a surface compression method that stores surfaces as wavelet-compressed signed-distance volumes. Our approach enables the representation of surfaces with complex topology and arbitrary numbers of components within a single multiresolution data structure. This data structure elegantly handles topological modification at high compression rates. Our method does not require the costly and sometimes infeasible base mesh construction step required by subdivision surface approaches. We present several improvements over previous attempts at compressing signed-distance functions, including an O(n) distance transform, a zero set initialization method for triangle meshes, and a specialized thresholding algorithm. We demonstrate the potential of sampled distance volumes for surface compression and progressive reconstruction for complex high genus surfaces.
haracterisation of a collection of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates rom patients suffering from acute exacerbations of chronic ronchitis : In vitro susceptibility to antibiotics and biofilm formation n relation to antibiotic efflux and serotypes / serogroups athalie

The correlation between Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes, biofilm production, antibiotic susceptibility and drug efflux in isolates from patients suffering from acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (AECB) remains largely unexplored. Using 101 isolates collected from AECB patients for whom partial (n = 51) or full (n = 50) medical details were available, we determined serotypes (ST)/serogroups (SG) (Quellung reaction), antibiotic susceptibility patterns [MIC (microdilution) using EUCAST and CLSI criteria] and ability to produce biofilm in vitro (10-day model; crystal violet staining). The majority of patients were 55–75 years old and <5% were vaccinated against S. pneumoniae. Moreover, 54% showed high severity scores (GOLD 3–4), and comorbidities were frequent including hypertension (60%), cancer (24%) and diabetes (20%). Alcohol and/or tobacco dependence was >30%. Isolates of SG6-11-15-23, known for large biofilm production and causing chronic infections, were the most prevalent (>15% each), but other isolates also produced biofilm (SG9-18-22-27 and ST8-20 being most productive), except SG7, SG29 and ST5 (<2% of isolates each). Resistance (EUCAST breakpoints) was 8–13% for amoxicillin and cefuroxime, 35–39% for macrolides, 2–8% for fluoroquinolones and 2% for telithromycin. ST19A isolates showed resistance to all antibiotics, ST14 to all except moxifloxacin, and SG9 and SG19 to all except telithromycin, moxifloxacin and ceftriaxone (SG19 only). Solithromycin and telithromycin MICs were similar. No correlation was observed between biofilm pro serotyping may improve AECB not predictive of biofilm produ © 2014 Elsevie ∗ Corresponding author. Tel. : +32 2 764 7371. E-mail address: tulkens@facm.ucl. ac.be (P.M. Tulkens). ttp://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag. 2014.05. 016 924-8579/© 2014 Elsevier B.V. and the International Society of Chemotherapy. All rights duction and MIC or efflux (macrolides, fluoroquinolones). S. pneumoniae treatment by avoiding antibiotics with predictable low activity, but it is ction. r B.V. and the International Society of Chemotherapy. All rights reserved.
Obfuscation-resilient Android Malware Detection Based on Graph Convolution Neural Networks

: S ince the release of Android, it has become the most widely used mobile phone operating system in the world due to its advantages such as open source, rich hardware and diverse application markets. At the same time, the explosive growth of Android devices and Android applications (app for short) has made it a target of 96% of mobile malware. Among current detection methods, the direct extraction of simple program features, ignoring the program semantics is fast but less accurate, and the conversion of semantic information of programs into graph models for analysis improves accuracy but has high runtime overhead and is not very scalable. To address these challenges, we distill the program semantics of an app into a function call graph and abstract the API call to convert the call graph into a simpler graph. Finally, these vectors are fed into a GCN model to train a classifier with triplet loss(i.e., SriDroid). After conducting ∗ 基金项目 : 源代码智能漏洞检测模型的抗攻击研究
High-Frequency Guided Waves for Corrosion Thickness Loss Monitoring

Adverse environmental conditions result in corrosion during the life cycle of marine structures such as pipelines, offshore oil platforms, and ships. Generalized corrosion leading to wall thickness loss can cause the degradation of the integrity, strength, and load bearing capacity of the structure. Nondestructive detection and monitoring of corrosion damage in difficult to access areas can be achieved using high frequency guided waves propagating along the structure. Using standard ultrasonic wedge transducers with single sided access to the structure, specific high frequency guided wave modes (overlap of both fundamental Lamb wave modes) were generated that penetrate through the complete thickness of the structure. The wave propagation and interference of the guided wave modes depend on the thickness of the structure and were measured using a noncontact laser interferometer. Numerical simulations using a 2D Finite Element model were performed to visualize and predict the guided wave propagation and energy transfer across the plate thickness. During laboratory experiments the wall thickness was reduced uniformly by milling of one steel plate specimen. In a second step, wall thickness reduction was induced using accelerated corrosion for two mild steel plates. The corrosion damage was monitored based on the effect on the wave propagation and interference (beating effect) of the Lamb wave modes in the frequency domain. Good agreement of the measured beatlengths with theoretical predictions was achieved and the sensitivity of the methodology ascertained, showing that high frequency guided waves have the potential for corrosion damage monitoring at critical and difficult to access locations.
At the Intersection of Emotion and Cognition

Divergent trajectories characterize the aging mind: Processing capacity declines, while judgment, knowledge, and emotion regulation are relatively spared. We maintain that these different developmental trajectories have implications for emotion–cognition interactions. Following an overview of our theoretical position, we review empirical studies indicating that (a) older adults evidence superior cognitive performance for emotional relative to non-emotional information, (b) age differences are most evident when the emotional content is positively as opposed to negatively valenced, and (c) differences can be accounted for by changes in motivation posited in socioemotional selectivity theory.
People’s Perception Towards Immigrants Based on Acceptance in Pekanbaru (Riau Province)

Immigrant is a person who migrates to another country due to some reasons. Immigrants in this research are refugees and asylum seekers who stay for a while in Pekanbaru. They are waiting to be sent to resettlement. Sometimes, this process takes a long time. Since they live in Pekanbaru, they get some psychological problems. Some researchers found that psychosocial intervention work better for them than individual or group intervention. However, applying psychosocial intervention in Pekanbaru seems difficult. First of all, some local communities in the city are afraid of them. Second, there is a legal aspect. The aim of this research is to know how people in Pekanbaru perceive immigrants based on their acceptance. This research used quantitative methods. A total of 262 people were taken as the number of samples. The result showed that social perception was affected by acceptance. Acceptance contribute to social perception as much as 10.7%; β = −3.27; p < 0.00. Keywords: Stereotyping, hallo effect, non-judgement, local community, Indonesia.
Climate Change, Mortality, and Adaptation: Evidence from Annual Fluctuations in Weather in the Us

This paper produces the first large-scale estimates of the US health related welfare costs due to climate change. Using the presumably random year-to-year variation in temperature and two state of the art climate models, the analysis suggests that under a "business as usual" scenario climate change will lead to an increase in the overall US annual mortality rate ranging from 0.5% to 1.7% by the end of the 21st century. These overall estimates are statistically indistinguishable from zero, although there is evidence of statistically significant increases in mortality rates for some subpopulations, particularly infants. As the canonical Becker-Grossman health production function model highlights, the full welfare impact will be reflected in health outcomes and increased consumption of goods that preserve individuals' health. Individuals' likely first compensatory response is increased use of air conditioning; the analysis indicates that climate change would increase US annual residential energy consumption by a statistically significant 15% to 30% ($15 to $35 billion in 2006 dollars) at the end of the century. It seems reasonable to assume that the mortality impacts would be larger without the increased energy consumption. Further, the estimated mortality and energy impacts likely overstate the long-run impacts on these outcomes, since individuals can engage in a wider set of adaptations in the longer run to mitigate costs. Overall, the analysis suggests that the health related welfare costs of higher temperatures due to climate change are likely to be quite modest in the US.
Assessing the impacts of Acacia mearnsii (black wattle) on grazing provision and livestock production in South Africa

INTRODUCTION Many of South Africa’s natural ecosystems have been invaded by alien plants, which pose a major threat to biodiversity and natural ecosystems (Robles and Chapin, 1995). Invasive alien tree species and shrubs negatively affect ecosystems in various ways, and often result in a decline in benefits that people derive from the functioning of these systems – or ecosystem services. The reduction in stream flow, water availability, the loss of potentially productive land for crops and the reduction in the grazing potential of our rangelands are all consequences of degradation by alien species (Scott et al., 1998). This study investigated the ecological impacts of the invasive alien plant species, Acacia mearnsii, on the function and productivity of rangelands in South Africa and their ability to sustain livestock production.
Trends in low-risk cesarean delivery in the United States, 1990-2013.

OBJECTIVES This report describes trends in low-risk cesarean delivery rates in the United States from 1990 through 2013. Trends in low-risk cesarean delivery by state of residence, gestational age, age of mother, and race and Hispanic origin of mother are examined. METHODS Low-risk cesarean delivery is defined as a cesarean delivery among term (37 or more completed weeks), singleton, vertex (head first) births to women giving birth for the first time. Data for 1990-2012 are based on 100% of low-risk births to residents of all states and the District of Columbia. Data for 2013 are preliminary, and are based on nearly 100% of low-risk births in the United States. RESULTS The low-risk cesarean delivery rate reached a low of 18.4% in 1997 and then rose steadily to a high of 28.1% in 2009. The rate decreased from 2009 through 2013, reaching 26.9%. Declines were widespread during this time. Low-risk cesarean delivery rates were down for more than one-half of states. Rates declined for all term gestational ages (37 or more completed weeks); the largest decline was at 38 weeks, down 9%. Rates for all maternal age groups and race and Hispanic origin groups were also down. The largest declines were for women under 40 (6%-8%) and for non-Hispanic white women (6%); rates for these groups decreased at all term gestational ages.
The Space-Time Conservation Element and Solution Element Method-A New High-Resolution and Genuinely Multidimensional Paradigm for Solving Conservation Laws. 2; Numerical Simulation of Shock Waves and Contact Discontinuities

Without resorting to special treatments for each individual test case, the 1D and 2D CE/SE shock-capturing schemes described in Part I [ 1] are used to simulate flows involving phenomena such as shock waves, contact discontinuities, expansion waves and their interactions. Five 1D and six 2D problems are considered to examine the capability and robustness of these schemes. Despite their simple logical structures and low computational cost (for the 2D CE/SE shockcapturing scheme, the CPU time is about 2/,tsecs per mesh point per marching step on a Cray C90 machine), the numerical results, when compared with experimental data, exact solutions or numerical solutions by other methods, indicate that these schemes can accurately resolve shock and contact discontinuities consistently. NASA/TM-1998-208844 1
The effect and importance of physical activity on behavioural and psychological symptoms in people with dementia: A systematic mixed studies review

Background People with dementia may benefit from the effect of physical activity on behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia. Qualitative synthesis of the importance of physical activity might complement and help clarify quantitative findings on this topic. The purpose of this systematic mixed studies review was to evaluate findings from both quantitative and qualitative methods about the effect and importance of physical activity on behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia in people with dementia. Methods The systematic literature search was conducted in EMBASE, CINAHL, PubMed, PEDro and PsycINFO. Inclusion criteria were: people with a light to moderate degree of dementia, interventions including physical activity and outcomes focusing on behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia or quality of life. To assess the methodological quality of the studies, the AMSTAR and GRADE checklists were applied for the quantitative studies and the CASP qualitative checklist for the qualitative studies. Results A small reduction in depression level and improved mood were seen in some quantitative studies of multi-component physical activity interventions, including walking. Due to high heterogeneity in the quantitative studies, a single summary of the effect of physical activity on behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia should be interpreted with some caution. Across the qualitative studies, the common themes about the importance of physical activity were its ‘socially rewarding’ nature, the ‘benefits of walking outdoors’ and its contribution to ‘maintaining self-hood’. Conclusion For people with dementia, there was a small, quantitative effect of multi-component physical activity including walking, on depression level and mood. People with dementia reported the importance of walking outdoors, experiencing the social rewards of physical activity in groups, as well as physical activity were a means toward maintaining self-hood.
Dissolution enhancement of aceclofenac tablet by solid dispersion technique

Dhulikhel, Nepal 9841510311 E-mail: jorikrb@gmail.com ABSTRACT Present study was carried out to enhace the dissolution rate of poorly water soluble drug Aceclofenac (BCS –II), by solid dispersion technique using different carrier and super disintegrant by Kneading method. Screening of carrier and super disintegrant having better dissolution effect was performed by Placket Burman Design. Carrier that were selected for the study include Hydroxypropyl Beta Cyclodextrin (HPBCD), premix of Lactose and Maize Starch and Mannitol. Similarly, as superdisintegrant, Sodium Starch Glycolate (SSG), Croscarmellose and Crospovidone were selected . Among the carriers and superdisintegrants, Mannitol and Crospovidone showed best effect on dissolution, respectively. For optimizaton of concentration of Mannitol and Crospovidone in solid dispersion, Central Composite Design (CCD) was applied for two factor at two level which gave 13 formulation.Tablet were prepared and evaluated for physiochemical properties. Reponse surface plot and contour plot were drawn and an optimum formulation was selected, which contained 114.14 mg of Mannitol and 10.5 mg of Crospovidone. The in-vitro dissolution studies of optimized formulation CCDF8 and the marketed product were carried out in USP Type II apparatus at different time interval of 5,15, 30 and 45 minute at 50 rpm in phosphate buffer, pH 7.5 (0.33M mixed). Solid dispersion was evaluated by FTIR. It showed that the drug was stable in solid dispersion. Hence, Solid dispersion technique can be sucessfully used for the improvement of the dissolution profile of Aceclofenac.