Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Long Will Combustion Vehicles Be Used? Polish Transport Sector on the Pathway to Climate Neutrality

Transformation of road transport sector through replacing of internal combustion vehicles with zero-emission technologies is among key challenges to achievement of climate neutrality by 2050. In a constantly developing economy, the demand for transport services increases to ensure continuity in the supply chain and passenger mobility. Deployment of electric technologies in the road transport sector involves both businesses and households, its pace depends on the technological development of zero-emission vehicles, presence of necessary infrastructure and regulations on emission standards for new vehicles entering the market. Thus, this study attempts to estimate how long combustion vehicles will be in use and what the state of the fleet will be in 2050. For obtainment of results the TR3E partial equilibrium model was used. The study simulates the future fleet structure in passenger and freight transport. The results obtained for Poland for the climate neutrality (NEU) scenario show that in 2050 the share of vehicles using fossil fuels will be ca. 30% in both road passenger and freight transport. The consequence of shifts in the structure of the fleet is the reduction of CO2 emissions ca. 80% by 2050 and increase of the transport demand for electricity and hydrogen.
Quantitative Easing and Corporate Innovation

To what extent can Quantitative Easing impact productivity growth? We document a strong and heterogeneous response of corporate R&D investment to changes in debt financing conditions induced by corporate debt purchases under the ECB’s Corporate Sector Purchase Program. Companies eligible for the program increase significantly their investment in R&D, relative to similar ineligible companies operating in the same country and sector. The evidence further suggests that by subsidizing the cost of debt, corporate bond purchases by the central bank stimulate innovation through a wealth transfer to innovative companies with low debt levels, rather than by supporting credit constrained firms.
Addressing Kitchen Contaminants for Healthy Low-Energy Homes

Cooking and cooking burners emit pollutants that can adversely affect indoor air quality in residences and significantly impact occupant health. Effective kitchen exhaust ventilation can reduce exposure to cooking-related air pollutants as an enabling step to healthier, low-energy homes. This report identifies barriers to the widespread adoption of kitchen exhaust ventilation technologies and practice and proposes a suite of strategies to overcome these barriers. The recommendations have been vetted by a group of industry, regulatory, health, and research experts and stakeholders who convened for two web-based meetings and provided input and feedback to early drafts of this document. The most fundamental barriers are (1) the common misconception, based on a sensory perception of risk, that kitchen exhaust when cooking is unnecessary and (2) the lack of a code requirement for kitchen ventilation in most US locations. Highest priority objectives include the following: (1) Raise awareness among the public and the building industry of the need to install and routinely use kitchen ventilation; (2) Incorporate kitchen exhaust ventilation as a requirement of building codes and improve the mechanisms for code enforcement; (3) Provide best practice product and use-behavior guidance to ventilation equipment purchasers and installers, and; (4) Develop test methods and performance targets to advance development of high performance products. A specific, urgent need is the development of an over-the-range microwave that meets the airflow and sound requirements of ASHRAE Standard 62.2.
Embolectomy of acute embolic stroke associated with ipsilateral carotid web: a case report and literature review

A carotid web is a thin intraluminal protrusion located in the posterolateral wall of the carotid bulb, which might be a risk factor for cryptogenic stroke. The mechanism of ischemic stroke caused by carotid web is still unclear, but it might be related to hemodynamic changes distal to the web, resulting in flow forces and remote embolization of fibrin-based clots. The diagnosis of a carotid web mainly depends on carotid artery imaging examinations. The main therapeutic strategies include medical treatment with oral antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants, and operative treatment, such as carotid endarterectomy and carotid artery stenting. Few cases of acute large-vessel occlusion undergoing mechanical thrombectomy in the setting of carotid web as the etiology have been reported. We report here a case of a 37-year-old woman who underwent stent retriever embolectomy after acute ischemic stroke. Carotid artery imaging examinations, including digital subtraction angiography and magnetic resonance imaging, and pathology showed that a carotid web was located at the proximal right internal carotid artery. We also discuss the clinical pathophysiological and imaging features, and the treatment of carotid web as described in the currently available literature.
Glycated albumin as medium-term glycemic control in diabetes mellitus

Monitoring of glucose levels is essential in preventing the complications of diabetes mellitus, including short, medium and long-term monitoring. Short-term monitoring includes random plasma glucose, fasting plasma glucose, 2-hour post prandial plasma glucose and Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT). The medium-term monitoring includes fructosamine and Glycated albumin (GA) while the long-term monitoring is glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Currently, the most recommended examination for glucose level monitoring in patients with diabetes mellitus is the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). However, there seem to be some conditions where the HbA1c value is doubtful or unreliable. Some of these conditions include anemia, thalassemia, dialysis and pregnancy. The best choice at this time is GA.
Current-source type parallel inductor-compensated load resonant inverter with PDM control scheme for efficient ozonizer

This paper is concerned with a study on the high-frequency current source-fed type parallel inductor-compensated load-resonant inverter for an ozonizer, together with some output regulation characteristics. In addition, an effective power control method for a current-source inverter type ozonizer is introduced. This inverter can operate under the principle of the PDM (pulse density modulation) and PWM hybrid power regulation strategy. It is noted that this inverter makes the control system simple, thus leading to improve the ozone generation efficiency.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg-12Gd-2Y-0.5Zr Alloy

The microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-12Gd-2Y-0.5Zr alloy have been studied. The results showed that the alloy mainly consists of α-Mg matrix, Mg5Gd and Mg24Y5. With the increase of temperature, the tensile strength of the alloy first increases and then decreases, and the peak value appears at 250°C. The elongation increases as the temperature increases.
EYE GAZE TECHNOLOGY

As the number of computer devices increases around us, and the increasing time we spend for interacting with such devices, peoples are strongly interested in finding new interaction methods which ease the use of computers or increase interaction efficiency. Eye tracking seems to be a promising technology to achieve this goal. The Eye gaze System is a communication and control system for people with complex physical disabilities. You run the system with your eyes. By looking at control keys displayed on a screen, a person can synthesize speech, control his environment (lights, appliances, etc.), type, operate a telephone, run computer software, operate a computer mouse, and access the Internet and e-mail. Eye gaze Systems are being used to write books, attend school and enhance the quality of life of people with disabilities all over the world.
Dynamic snap-back induced programming failure in stacked gate flash EEPROM cells and efficient remedying technique

A new kind of programming failure is reported in stacked gate Flash EEPROM cells and its remedying scheme is presented. The failure is observed under typical bit line (B/L) disturbance bias conditions but is different from the case of the drain turn-on induced leakage current over-burdening the charge pumping. Rather, its root cause is identified for the first time to be the dynamic snap back breakdown operative in the memory cell. This snap-back induced programming failure is shown effectively mitigated with the use of an appropriate series resistance in the source loop of the memory cell. The remedying role of the source series resistance is discussed.
Numerical investigation of transverse sonic injection in a non-reacting supersonic combustor

Abstract Efficient combustion and heat release in scramjet flows depend on effective mixing of the fuel in supersonic streams. Usually, transverse sonic injection in-stages are employed as one of the suitable means for efficient supersonic combustor design. Numerical simulations are carried out to study the mixing characteristics of staged sonic air injections in supersonic stream (M = 2.07) behind a backward-facing step in scramjet combustor by solving three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations along with K-ε turbulence model with a commercial CFD software CFX-TASCFlow. Computed results of the jet penetration and spreading show very good agreement with the experimental values and the results of other computations. A good overall match has been obtained between the experimental values and the computation for various flow profiles at various axial locations in the combustor. However, the values differ in the near-field region at the injection plane. The assumed uniformity of the flow-field properties at the injection orifice and/or the inadequacy of the turbulence model considered in this study is conjectured to be the cause of the difference.
A Real Time Method to Detect Vehicle for Collision Avoidance Applications

In this paper, we propose a real time method to detect vehicles on road by using a vehicle mounted monocular camera. Based on lane detection design, low time cost and high accuracy vehicle detecting and tracking algorithm is achieved. Robust and fast lane detection has been achieved using Hough transform in combination with a line merging method. The lane data are used for effective vehicle hypothesis generation. A subsequent validation, based on the area ratio of hypothesis vehicle, is used to eliminate false positives. Further, a data fusion mechanism is proposed to incorporate temporal information for stably updating vehicle detection results over time. Experimental results show that, without specific hardware and software optimizations, our method is able to detect vehicles on road with low false alarm rate at real time speeds of 30 frames per second.
Reducing Major Rule Violations in Commuter Rail Operations: The Role of Distraction and Attentional Errors

Recent accidents in commuter rail operations and analyses of rule violations have highlighted the need for better understanding of the contributory role of distraction and attentional errors. Distracted driving has thoroughly been studied in recent years, but distraction during rail operations has been less extensively examined. This Discussion Panel involves four speakers who will examine different aspects of the distraction issue. Topics will include a systems analysis of rail operations, analysis of rule violations and surveys of locomotive engineers, description of a high-fidelity rail simulator, and results from a two-part study using this simulator to examine distraction and attentional errors in commuter rail operations. Implications of the findings for reducing major rule violations and improving the safety of rail operations will be discussed.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation Driven by Osteoinductive Bioactive Nanoscale Topographies

Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) respond to the characteristics of their surrounding microenvironment, i.e., their extracellular matrix (ECM). The possibility of mimicking the ECM offers the opportunity to elicit specific cell behaviors. The control of surface properties of a biomaterial at the scale level of the components of the ECM has the potential to effectively modulate cell response. Ordered nanoscale silicon pillar arrays were fabricated using reverse micelles of block copolymers on full wafers, with standard deviations lower than 15%. Bioactive synthetic peptides were covalently grafted on nanoarrays to evaluate possible synergies between chemistry and topography on osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Functionalization with RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) and BMP-2 (bone morphogenetic protein-2) mimetic peptides lead to an enhancement of osteogenic differentiation. Bare nanopillar arrays of reduced pitch were found to promote faster hMSC differentiation. These findings highlight the relevance of investigating possibilities of engineering in vitro systems which can be fine-tuned according to the envisaged cell response.
Account for the Full Extent of Esophagus Motion in Radiation Therapy Planning: A Preliminary Study of the IRV of the Esophagus

Objective Accounting for esophagus motion in radiotherapy planning is an important basis for accurate assessment of toxicity. In this study, we calculated how much the delineations of the esophagus should be expanded based on three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT), four-dimensional (4D) average projection (AVG), and maximum intensity projection (MIP) scans to account for the full extent of esophagus motion during 4D imaging acquisition. Methods and Materials The 3D and 4D CT scans of 20 lung cancer patients treated with conventional radiotherapy and 20 patients treated with stereotactic ablative radiation therapy (SBRT) were used. Radiation oncologists contoured the esophagus on the 3DCT, AVG, MIP and 25% exhale scans, and the combination of the esophagus in every phase of 4DCT. The union of all 4D phase delineations (U4D) represented the full extent of esophagus motion during imaging acquisition. Surface distances from U4D to 3D, AVG, and MIP volumes were calculated. Distances in the most extreme surface points (1.5 cm most superoinferior, 10% most right/left/anteroposterior) were used to derive margins accounting only for systematic (delineation) errors. Results Esophagus delineations on the MIP were the closest to the full extent of motion, requiring only 6.9 mm margins. Delineations on the AVG and 3D scans required margins up to 7.97 and 7.90 mm, respectively. The largest margins were for the inferior, right, and anterior aspects for the delineations on the 3D, AVG, and MIP scans, respectively. Conclusion Delineations on 3D, AVG, or MIP scans required extensions for representing the esophagus’s full extent of motion, with the MIP requiring the smallest margins. Research including daily imaging to determine the random components for the margins and dosimetric measurements to determine the relevance of creating a planning organ at risk volume (PRV) of the esophagus is required.
Information And Communication Technologies In The Formation Of Digital Regional Infrastructure

In this article, the authors analyze the level of application of information and communication technologies for the formation of digital regional infrastructure. The authors identified the main problems in the formation of the digital regional infrastructure, and also analyzed the measures of state support. According to the authors, the formation of digital regional infrastructure will have a positive effect on the socio-economic development of the region and will improve the quality of life of the population. At the same time, it should be noted that when using information and communication technologies in the development of digital infrastructure, it is necessary to resolve the issue of ensuring information security and protecting personal data. This issue is most relevant in an environment where the threat of personal data leakage is growing, which allows unscrupulous persons to use it for fraudulent purposes. In this study, the authors paid special attention to the use of personal computers by organizations and providing access to broadband Internet. Based on the analysis, the authors of the article identified the main reasons that impede the development of digital infrastructure. These reasons include a lack of qualified personnel, a low level of development of information infrastructure, and an insufficient amount of funds. To eliminate the problems that have arisen, the state is taking various measures; one of the most important is the National Program “Digital Economy of Russia” until 2024. Within the framework of this program, it is planned to train about 800 thousand specialists with digital skills.
Sedimentary Organic Matter Shapes Macrofaunal Communities but Not Benthic Nutrient Fluxes in Contrasting Habitats Along the Northwest Atlantic Continental Margin

The heterogeneous topography of continental margins can influence patterns of resource availability and biodiversity in deep-sea sediments, potentially altering ecosystem functioning (e.g., organic matter remineralization). Noting a lack of studies that address the latter, we contrasted spatial patterns and drivers of benthic nutrient fluxes and multiple characteristics of macrofaunal communities in shelf, slope, canyon and inter-canyon sedimentary habitats along the Northwest Atlantic continental margin. Replicate sediment push cores were collected from 10 stations (229–996 m depth), incubated for ∼48 h to estimate fluxes of nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, phosphate, and silicate (as a measure of organic matter remineralization) and subsequently analyzed to characterize macrofaunal communities. We also considered various environmental factors, including sedimentary organic matter quantity and quality, and assessed their influence on fluxes and macrofauna. Comparatively high macrofaunal density and distinct community composition and trait expression characterized Georges Canyon, where elevated sedimentary organic matter suggested important lateral transport mechanisms along this canyon axis, with deposition of organic matter strongly affecting biological communities but not benthic nutrient fluxes. Lower penetration of macrofauna into the sediments, distinct community composition, biological traits, and higher nutrient flux rates characterized inter-canyon habitats compared to slope habitats at similar depths. Within inter-canyons, intermediate to low organic matter suggested hydrodynamic forces inhibiting organic matter deposition, affecting biological and functional processes. The input of fresh phytodetritus to the seafloor was the best predictor of macrofaunal density and diversity and contributed to variation in macrofaunal community composition and biological trait expression, together with latitude, depth, and other measures of organic matter quantity and quality. Benthic nutrient fluxes revealed complex variation, with disproportionate effects of few key macrofaunal taxa, together with bottom water oxygen concentration, and sediment granulometry. Our results suggest a relationship between resource availability and macrofaunal density, diversity, and taxonomic and trait composition, whereas organic matter remineralization exhibited a more complex response, which we suggest reflected variation in hydrodynamics and/or physical disturbance in heterogeneous continental margin habitats.
Prevalence of Erectile Dysfunction and Associated Factors among Hypertensive Patients Attending Governmental Health Institutions in Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction Erectile dysfunction is a common sexual problem affecting men with hypertension. It may result in withdrawal from sexual engagement, decreased work productivity, psychosocial problems including poor self-esteem and depression, and reduction in quality of life for both the affected men and their female partners. Objective This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of erectile dysfunction and associated factors among hypertensive patients attending governmental health institutions in Gondar city, Northwest Ethiopia. Materials and Methods An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 423 hypertensive men randomly selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Erectile dysfunction was assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function-5 tool. Sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral factors were also collected using pretested interviewer-administered questionnaires. Data were entered into EpiData version 4.6 and analyzed using Stata-14. Binary logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with erectile dysfunction. The level of significance was computed at a p value ≤ 0.05. Results The mean age of the study participants was 58.84 ± 13.52 years. The prevalence of erectile dysfunction among hypertensive men was 46.34% (95% CI: 41.61, 51.12). About 28% of them had a mild form of erectile dysfunction while nearly 6% had severe forms. Age above 60 years (AOR = 3.8, 95% CI: 1.62, 6.55), stage II hypertension (AOR = 3.5, 95% CI: 1.63, 5.74), hypertension duration >10 years (AOR = 2.5, 95% CI:1.12, 4.19), comorbidity (AOR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.04, 3.15), depression (AOR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.31, 4.21), and being physically active (AOR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.83) were factors significantly associated with erectile dysfunction. Conclusion Nearly half of the study participants had some form of erectile dysfunction, indicating the presence of a high burden of the problem. Assessment of hypertensive men for erectile dysfunction should be part of routine medical care.
Electrical conduction phenomena through impregnated pressboard submitted to a thermal gradient

For the last twenty years, flow electrification has been suspected to be responsible of failures in high power transformers. In order to understand the phenomenon and to avoid incidents, several research programs have been undertaken in different countries. Our laboratory is involved in one of this program in collaboration with the French Electricity Company (E.D.F.). From this research in terms of velocity, pipe geometry, temperature and moisture content it seems that the transverse thermal gradient play a fundamental role in the process.