Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimization for various schemes of distributed fibre Raman amplifiers

A fast and stable numerical method for solving the model equations of distributed fibre Raman amplifiers is proposed. This method can increase the computing speed by more than five times compared to the classical Dormand–Prince method. In this paper, on the basis of the proposed method and genetic algorithm, the signal gain spectrum and corresponding optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) for counter- and bi-directional multi-pump Raman amplifiers are optimized and compared. The optimized results show that (1) bi-directionally pumping configurations with proper forward pump diodes can effectively decrease the gain ripple and the OSNR ripple and equalize the OSNR tilt in comparison with pure backward pumping configurations; (2) the gain spectrum and noise performance can be availably improved by means of increasing the pump number. The simulations demonstrate that, when optimizing bi-directional multi-pump configurations, (1) there are multiple global or near-global maxima for the signal gain spectrum; (2) different bi-directional pump schemes have different gain ripple and noise performance.
Static Dictionaries on RAMs: Query Time is Necessary and Sufficient

In this paper we consider solutions to the static dictionary problem on RAMs, i.e. random access machines where the only restriction on the finite instruction set is that all computationalinstructions are in . Our main result is a tight upper and lower bound of on the time for answering membership queries in a set of size when reasonable space is used for the data structure storing the set; the upper bound can be obtained using space, and the lower bound holds even if we allow space . Several variations of this result are also obtained. Among others, we show a tradeoff between time and circuit depth under the unit-cost assumption: any RAM instruction set which permits a linear space, constant query time solution to the static dictionary problem must have an instruction of depth , where is the word size of the machine (and the size of the universe). This matches the depth of multiplication and integer division, used in the perfect hashing scheme by Fredman, Koml´ and Szemer´ edi.
Wavelets, curvature, and chaining issues with applications to the computation of optical flow

Optical flow is an estimate of the velocity field based on the change of intensity patterns in successive images, and is an important quantity in computational vision for dense images. Because of the aperture problem optical flow computations can be ill-posed. This problem is compounded by derivative estimation errors. This paper presents an aggregate velocity scheme that uses iterative velocity refinement along object edge contours obtained via the Mallat- Zhong-Hwang wavelet and chaining algorithms. By working with edge information and aggregate velocities we avoid the aperture problem; iterative refinement compensates for errors in the derivative estimation. Our approach assigns a common velocity to the edge points of an image. When combined with a constant brightness assumption this yields an overdetermined set of linear equations. Since the data vector and matrix coefficients of this linear system consist of temporal and spatial derivative estimates, respectively, and both are subject to errors, the overdetermined system is solved using a total least squares approach. The resulting velocity estimate is then subtracted from the image sequence and the velocity estimation procedure is repeated for the new image sequence. This approach is very fast and accurate for images that have nearly the same edge velocity vectors as is usually the case for distant objects. A convergence analysis is given for the special case of 1D convected flow and it is shown that spatial and/or temporal smoothing enhances the convergence.
Directional inferences and the conceptual/procedural encoding distinction

In this paper, I present an original model of discourse interpretation combining procedural, conceptual and contextual information. This model has been developped to explain the interpretation of discourse relations, such as Narration, Explanation, Elaboration, etc. used in discourse semantics. The basic principle is that utterance and discourse interpretation results from combining directional features conventionally assigned to lexical and non-lexical material. Directional features have two directions, forward and backward, and two degrees of strength, strong and weak. Principles of compatibility function as instructions on the way of predicting the conventionally conveyed interpretation. Any of the linguistically projectable interpretations must be validated by a contextual assumption. Thus the directional inference model claims (i) that contextual information is stronger than linguistic information and (ii) that procedural information is stronger than conceptual information. Predictions of the directional inference model will be sketched. The conceptual/procedural distinction and the representation of events In Relevance Theory (RT), a major distinction is made between two types of linguistically encoded information : conceptual information and procedural information (Sperber & Wilson 1993a). The conceptual/procedural distinction is motivated both linguistically and cognitively. 1. Conceptual information is mainly encoded within lexical categories (Noun, Verb, Adjective), that is, categories which define open lexical classes. Procedural information is encoded within non-lexical categories (negation, tenses, determiners, connectives, certains adverbials), that is, categories which define non-open morphological classes. Thus the conceptual/procedural distinction covers mainly the distinction between lexical and non-lexical categories.
Nonlinearity and Heterogeneity in Sustainable Populations

Since Adam Smith and David Ricardo raised the question of what makes a country rich, Thomas R. Malthus pointed out that unrestrained population growth maintains poverty, and Ester Boserup described cases where population growth motivates the adoption of more efficient technology, the study of the links between economics and demographics has flourished (Barro and Sala-ı́-Martin, 1995; Aghion and Howitt, 1998, for surveys on economic growth theories; and Gotelli, 2001, for models of population ecology). The introduction of convex optimization, heterogenous capital, heterogenous agents, and complex dynamics, adds substantial arguments to these theories. This special issue, centered on these themes, notably completes the Mathematical Population Studies (MPS) special issue on nonlinear models in demography (Bonneuil, 1994). Natali Hritonenko and Yuri Yatsenko revisit Lotka-McKendrick ageand size-structured population models with heterogenous capital, or vintage capital, in the spirit of Solow et al. (1966). They address the problems of harvesting, capital investment and technology adoption, and sustainable growth. Cuong Le Van, Tu-Anh Nguyen, Manh-Hung Nguyen, and Thai-Bao Luong study the optimal growth that combines structural changes in investment—split into physical, technological, and human capital—and technological change as a threshold. They explain the emergence of various development stages consistent with unbounded growth.
On the instabilities of supersonic mixing layers: a high-Mach-number asymptotic theory

The stability of a family of tanh mixing layers is studied at large Mach numbers using perturbation methods. It is found that the eigenfunction develops a multilayered structure, and the eigenvalue is obtained by solving a simplified version of the Rayleigh equation (with homogeneous boundary conditions) in one of these layers which lies in either of the external streams. Our analysis leads to a simple hypersonic similarity law which explains how spatial and temporal phase speeds and growth rates scale with Mach number and temperature ratio. Comparisons are made with numerical results, and it is found that this similarity law provides a good qualitative guide for the behaviour of the instability at high Mach numbers. In addition to this asymptotic theory, some fully numerical results are also presented (with no limitation on the Mach number) in order to explain the origin of the hypersonic modes (through mode splitting) and to discuss the role of oblique modes over a very wide range of Mach number and temperature ratio.
Evolution of stratosphere–troposphere singular vectors

Stratospheric conditions affect the tropospheric circulation on a variety of time‐scales. This article addresses two issues in stratosphere–troposphere interaction that are relevant for time‐scales up to a week: the basic growth mechanisms involved and the role of the stratospheric shear. Idealized simulations are conducted of initially stratospheric perturbations that maximize tropospheric total disturbance energy with a lead time of 5 days, assuming linear quasi‐geostrophic dynamics and simplified zonal flow. The evolution is analysed in terms of the basic interactions between three Rossby‐wave components. On the f‐plane (constant Coriolis parameter), the three‐component analysis is very accurate (the error stays within 1% of vertically integrated total energy) because all available growth mechanisms are captured. Energy growth occurs initially through the Orr mechanism, subsequently through resonance and finally through (normal‐mode) shear instability. On the β‐plane (Coriolis parameter varying linearly with latitude), errors increase because westward retrogression of the untilting potential vorticity structure is neglected by the three‐component model. Further study reveals that the tropospheric energy growth strongly depends on the value of the stratospheric shear. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Extragalactic Radio Jets

On a examine les proprietes systematiques des jets radio et on s'interroge sur leur contribution a la comprehension des processus de transfert d'energie dans les sources extragalactiques. On donne un catalogue de 125 jets radio-extragalactiques et de 73 jets possibles
Large-Scale Expanding Superstructures in Galaxies

La presence dans les galaxies de superstructures dont la taille est de plusieurs centaines de parsecs est discutee. Les systemes en question, bien plus grands que le vent stellaire ou l'explosion d'une simple etoile, sont de multiples natures et se referent par exemple, a des explosions de supernovae en serie ou a de tres forts vents stellaires. Dans tous les cas, ils sont caracterises par une grande vitesse d'expansion et contribuent a l'alimentation en gaz du milieu interstellaire
Shape description by image foresting transform

The image foresting transform (IFT) is a unified and effective graph-based approach to the design of image-processing operations, often with considerable efficiency gains over published algorithms. This paper extends the applications of the Euclidean IFT to two recently proposed shape descriptors: saliences and multiscale fractal dimension. It explains how to obtain the salience information and the multiscale fractal dimension of contours and skeletons and presents their comparison in terms of robustness and separability.
Rotation Measures of Extragalactic Radio Sources Viewed through the Molecular Clouds Cepheus A and L1551

VLA data on polarized sources in 11 high-velocity molecular flow regions at C-and L-band frequencies with 50 MHz resolution are analyzed to derive the Faraday rotation measures (RM) of the magnetic fields associated with the flows. The survey revealed the L1551 field, which has a strong source behind the molecular flow, and Cep A, where numerous polarized sources are located near the flow. The calculations of the RM were based on least squares analyses of the polarized intensity, position angle and total intensity maps. Differences were calculated in the RMs for different lines of sight in order to determine the causes of variations in the electron densities and magnetic fields within the clouds. The magnetic field within the L1551 flow was estimated to be 0.1 mG, indicating the presence of significant shock ionization at relative velocities exceeding 50 km/sec. Further observational techniques that may be employed to increase the understanding of the physical characteristics of bipolar flows are discussed. 31 references
Normal forms for nonlinear vector fields. I. Theory and algorithm

Normal forms are analytical tools for studying the qualitative behavior of the nonlinear vector fields. A tutorial for the nonspecialist in general, and the circuit theorist in particular, on the basic concept and foundation of the modern theory of normal forms for nonlinear vector fields, is presented. After stating the Poincare and the Takens normal form, the latest refinements due to S. Ushiki (1984) are pointed out. For pedagogical reasons, the familiar Jordon form is first derived and shown to be appropriate normal form for matrices. Rather than using a standard linear approach, formulation is based on the 'method of infinitesimal deformation' which generalizes to nonlinear vector fields. >
Minimax fractional programming involving generalised invex functions

Abstract The convexity assumptions for a minimax fractional programming problem of variational type are relaxed to those of a generalised invexity situation. Sufficient optimality conditions are established under some specific assumptions. Employing the existence of a solution for the minimax variational fractional problem, three dual models, the Wolfe type dual, the Mond-Weir type dual and a one parameter dual type, are constructed. Several duality theorems concerning weak, strong and strict converse duality under the framework of invexity are proved.
Slip on Superhydrophobic Surfaces

This review discusses the use of the combination of surface roughness and hydrophobicity for engineering large slip at the fluid-solid interface. These superhydrophobic surfaces were initially inspired by the unique water-repellent properties of the lotus leaf and can be employed to produce drag reduction in both laminar and turbulent flows, enhance mixing in laminar flows, and amplify diffusion-osmotic flows. We review the current state of experiments, simulations, and theory of flow past superhydrophobic surfaces. In addition, the designs and limitations of these surfaces are discussed, with an eye toward implementing these surfaces in a wide range of applications.
Eastward-Propagating Intraseasonal Oscillation Represented by Chikira–Sugiyama Cumulus Parameterization. Part I: Comparison with Observation and Reanalysis

AbstractThe eastward-propagating intraseasonal oscillation represented by the Chikira–Sugiyama cumulus parameterization in an atmospheric general circulation model is compared with observations and reanalyses. The scheme is characterized by state-dependent entrainment rates that vertically vary affected by the environment. The zonal wavenumber–frequency power spectrum shows a strong signal corresponding to the Madden–Julian oscillation. The eastward-propagating feature of the convective region and accompanying anomalous zonal wind structure is well extracted by the first and second modes of the combined empirical orthogonal function (CEOF) with a reasonable explained variance for the first mode, though the second mode is not sufficiently reproduced. The basic features of the composited anomalous fields including moisture, temperature, and vertical and zonal winds resemble those of the reanalysis in both the free troposphere and surface air. The anomalous free-tropospheric moisture exhibits its westward ti.
Haben multimodale und perioperative Therapiestrategien das Überleben nach onkologischer Ösophaguschirurgie in den letzten 2 Dekaden verändert? Eine retrospektive Kohortenanalyse über 23 Jahre

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Malignome des Ösophagus zählen zu den häufigsten krebsbedingten Todesursachen. Den einzigen kurativen Therapieansatz stellt die radikale Ösophagektomie, eingebettet in ein multimodales Therapiekonzept, dar. Ziel der Untersuchung war die Analyse von Langzeitentwicklungen in der operativen Therapie des Ösophaguskarzinoms und deren Einflüsse auf das kurz- (1-JÜR), mittel- (5-JÜR) und langfristige (10-JÜR) Überleben. Patienten und Methoden Es wurden retrospektiv 301 Patienten am Universitätsklinikum Bonn untersucht, bei denen zwischen 1989 und 2012 eine Ösophagusresektion durchgeführt wurde. Um mögliche Trends im Management und Veränderungen hinsichtlich der Prognose zu analysieren, wurden 2 Kohorten (Kohorte A: operiert 1989 – 2000, Kohorte B: operiert 2001 – 2012) gebildet und bez. demografischer Daten, Tumorentität, Stadium, Komplikationsrate und Überleben miteinander verglichen. Ergebnisse In der Kohorte B wurden signifikant ältere Patienten in niedrigeren Tumorstadien mit einer größeren Lymphknotenausbeute operiert, eine Zunahme des Adenokarzinoms (AC) war zu beobachten. Während sich die Gesamtmorbidität nicht signifikant veränderte, konnte eine geringere Rate an Anastomoseninsuffizienzen in Kohorte B (5,5%) verglichen mit Kohorte A (12,3%) bei gleichzeitigem Anstieg der kardialen Ereignisse (A: 3,6% vs. B: 12,3%) nachgewiesen werden. Die 30-Tage-Krankenhausmortalität lag bei insgesamt 2,7% und fiel von 5% (Kohorte A) signifikant (p = 0,05) auf 0,7% (Kohorte B). Das mittlere Überleben betrug in der Kohorte A 46 ± 6,5 Monate. In Kohorte B überlebten Patienten mit 53 ± 7,2 Monaten signifikant länger (p = 0,03). In der univariaten Analyse hatten das lokale Tumorstadium, der Resektionsgrad, die Anzahl der befallenen Lymphknoten (LK), der Lymphknotenquotient (LNR) sowie das Auftreten postoperativer Komplikationen einen Einfluss auf das Überleben, wohingegen in der multivariaten Analyse nur noch T-Stadium, R-Status und LNR als unabhängige Prognosefaktoren galten. Schlussfolgerung Patienten, die sich einer onkologischen Ösophagusresektion unterziehen, sind heutzutage älter als noch vor einigen Jahren. Die frühzeitigere Tumordiagnose, eine radikalere Operationstechnik mit radikalerer Lymphknotendissektion und weniger Anastomoseninsuffizienzen sowie eine verbesserte perioperative Medizin scheinen diesen demografischen Nachteil zu kompensieren. Die größte prognostische Bedeutung beim Ösophaguskarzinom hat die LNR.
Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma of the floor of mouth: A rare case

Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) previously called as malignant fibrous histiocytoma comprises a group of high-grade pleomorphic sarcomas that cannot be otherwise classified and considered as a diagnosis of exclusion. In the head neck region, UPS is extremely rare and accounts for 3% of all the undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas. Some of the reported sites include maxilla, mandible, buccal mucosa, temperomandibular fossa, tongue, gingiva, paranasal sinuses, salivary glands, and retro-orbital soft tissue. Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma of the floor of the mouth is very rare. To our knowledge, only one case has been reported earlier. We report the second case of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma of the floor of mouth.
Ameloblastic fibroma: A case report

Ameloblastic fibroma is a rare mixed odontogenic benign tumor that can occur in either mandible or maxilla but mostly it is found in posterior region of mandible. It can present either peripherally or centrally with a majority of the cases predominantly occurring in first two decades of life and mostly affects male patients. It is characterized by epithelial islands and cords submerged in ectomesenchyme that bear resemblance to the dental papilla and enamel organ but without actual hard tissue formation. Ameloblastic fibroma is a rare odontogenic tumor consisting of neoplastic epithelial and mesenchymal tissues. Recent reports have suggested that this lesion has the potential for high recurrence (18%) and greater chances of recurrent Ameloblastic fibroma transforming into Ameloblastic fibrosarcoma (45%). A 34-year-old male patient presented with pain and swelling in right mandibular posterior region. Intraorally expansion of buccal cortical plate with tenderness over swelling was present. Extraoral examination revealed facial asymmetry on right side. In view of imaging and clinical findings, provisional diagnosis of Odontogenic Keratocyst or Recurrent Ameloblastoma was considered. After obtaining informed consent and general systemic evaluation, the lesion was enucleated under general anesthesia and biopsied which confirmed the diagnosis of Ameloblastic fibroma. Ameloblastic fibroma is a mixed odontogenic tumor composed of odontogenic ectomesenchyme resembling dental papilla with epithelial strands and nests similar to the dental lamina and enamel organ, but with no dental hard tissue formation. Odontogenic tumors, Ameloblasts, Ameloblastoma, Jaw neoplasm.
A DESCRIPTION AND QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF THE HISTORICAL HYDROGRAPHIC DATA FOR THE SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN

Abstract Modern high-quality hydrographic data obtained during the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) are used to assess the quality of a large collection of historical hydrographic data in the Pacific Ocean south of the equator. To validate the data, individual observations are compared against locally averaged neutral density–parameter relations. To refine the data, the validation procedure is applied three times, each time rejecting (flagging) individual observations at observed levels, whole profiles, and cruises. Analysis of the rejected observations shows large variations in the data quality. Parameter offsets for historical cruises are computed comparing with high-quality WOCE data. High percentages of rejected observations and significant systematic biases found for many historical cruises stress the necessity to reassess the quality of the global historical hydrographic dataset as the complete WOCE dataset becomes available. The validated profile data with account made for the parameter of.
Calcifying odontogenic cyst associated with compound odontoma – A rare entity

Calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC) or Gorlin's cyst categorized as a distinct entity by Gorlin et al. in 1962. It is a rare benign developmental cystic lesion that accounts for less than 1% of all odontogenic cysts. It can occur in association with various types of odontogenic tumors such as odontomas. COC is a hybrid lesion of the jaw presenting a manifold variety of clinical behaviors and histopathological characteristics including cystic, solid (neoplastic), and aggressive forms. COC exhibits diversity in terms of its clinical presentations, histopathologic features, and biological behavior. Normally, it presents as asymptomatic, slow developing lesion affecting the maxilla and mandible equally with strong predilection for the anterior segment. Radiographically, these lesions usually present as a unilocular, well-defined radiolucency with radiopaque structures within the lesion, either as irregular calcifications or tooth-like densities. The distinct features of COC as solid or cystic lesions presents with an ameloblastomous component admixed with varying proportions of ghost cells and spherical calcifications. Here, we report an article of calcifying odontogenic cyst associated with compound odontoma in a young patient with lesion in the anterior mandible with review of the various terminologies and classification and histopathology.