Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Evaluation of the Pi Analysis in the Assessment of Anteroposterior Jaw Relationship

Objective This study has investigated two new cephalometric variables, the Pi angle and Pi linear in the evaluation of anteroposterior skeletal discrepancy. Design Retrospective cross-sectional study. Setting Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, India Subjects and method A sample of 155 subjects (mean age 19·7 years) were subdivided into skeletal class I, II and III groups based upon ANB angle. Descriptive data were calculated for each variable and group. Receiver operating characteristics curves were used to examine sensitivity and specificity of the Pi angle in the discrimination between different skeletal groups. Correlation coefficients were obtained for each of the parameters to compare their relationship with other parameters in the class I group. Coefficient of determination, regression coefficient, regression equation and standard error of estimate were also calculated from the parameters showing significant correlation with the Pi angle. Results Mean values for the Pi angle in skeletal class I, II and III subjects were 3·40 (±2·04), 8·94 (±3·16) and −3·57 (±1·61) degrees, respectively. For the Pi linear they were 3·40 (±2·20), 8·90 (±3·56) and −3·30 (±2·30) mm for class I, II and III subjects, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic curves showed that a Pi angle greater than 5 degrees had 89% sensitivity and 82% specificity for discriminating a skeletal class II group from class I. A Pi angle of less than 1·3 degrees had 100% sensitivity and 84% specificity in discriminating skeletal class III groups from class I. The overall accuracy for discriminating class II groups from class I was 85% and for class III from class I, 90%. Thus, a cut-off point between class I and II groups could be considered a Pi angle of approximately 5 degrees and between class I and class III, approximately 1·3 degrees. There were no statistically significant correlations found between Pi angle and ANB (0·07), Beta angle (−0·04) and WITS analysis (0·19). The highest level of correlation was obtained for the Pi angle and Pi linear (0·96). Conclusion The anglar and linear components of the Pi analysis are a suitable method for assessing anteroposterior jaw discrepancy in daily clinical practice.
A Study of Nitrogen, Organic Material, and Phosphorus Removal from Domestic Wastewater Across Parallel Cold-Climate Hybrid Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands under Controlled Conditions

A STUDY of NITROGEN, ORGANIC MATERIAL, and PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL from DOMESTIC WASTEWATER ACROSS PARALLEL COLDCLIMATE HYBRID SUBSURFACE FLOW CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS under CONTROLLED CONDITIONS Jedediah Inman Rode Advisors: University of Guelph, 2013 Dr. Richard Zytner Mr. Christopher Kinsley A one year cold-climate investigation was completed on parallel hybrid subsurface flow constructed wetlands under multiple flow regimes, both with and without a recycle stream, to evaluate the removal of typical wastewater parameters of concern: nitrogen, organic material, suspended solids and phosphorus from domestic wastewater. The hybrid wetlands, composed of horizontal and vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland components, included an integrated blast-furnace slag filter component for
Proteinase-activated Receptor 2: Springboard of Tumors

Proteinase-activated receptors (PARs) were discovered more than 25 years ago and since then, their role in cancer has been under investigation. Research has primarily focused on the receptors located on the membrane of cancer cells and their impact on metabolism, intracellular signalling, and proliferation. Regarding the host response to cancer, studies have predominantly examined the relationship of thrombin receptors (PAR-1, PAR-3, and PAR-4) with blood clotting in distant metastatic spread. However, limited studies have examined the role of PARs, especially PAR-2, in the host anti-tumor immunity. This review article provides insights into the role of PAR-2 on cancer cells and immune competent cells involved in cancer development and progression. It also discussed the current knowledge of the importance of PAR-2 activation at various stages of cancer progression and its association with cancer-related pain.
Exploiting Deepfakes by Analyzing Temporal Feature Inconsistency

—In recent years, the rapid advancement of image generation technology has facilitated the creation of counterfeit images and videos, posing significant challenges for content authenticity verification. Malefactors can easily extract videos from social networks and generate their own deceptive renditions using state-of-the-art techniques. The latest Deepfake face forgery videos have reached an unprecedented level of sophistication, making it exceptionally difficult to discern signs of manipulation. While several methods have been proposed for detecting fraudulent media, they often target specific aspects, and as new attack methods emerge, these approaches tend to become obsolete. This paper presents a novel detection approach that combines Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Long Short-Term Memory Networks (LSTM). Initially, CNN is employed to extract image features from each frame of the input facial video, capturing subtle alterations and irregularities in manipulated content. Subsequently, the extracted feature sequence is used to train the LSTM network, mimicking the temporal consistency of human visual perception and enhancing the effectiveness of counterfeit video detection. To validate this methodology, a comprehensive evaluation is conducted using the FaceForensic++ dataset, affirming its proficiency in identifying Deepfake counter-feit videos.
Prosper: Program Stack Persistence in Hybrid Memory Systems

—A persistent and crash-consistent execution state is essential for systems to guarantee resilience against power failures and abrupt system crashes. The availability of non-volatile memory (NVM) with read/write latency comparable to DRAM allows designing efficient checkpoint mechanisms for process persistence. Operating system (OS) level checkpoint solutions require capturing the change in the execution state of a process in an efficient manner. One of the crucial components of the execution state of any process is its memory state consisting of mutable stack and heap segments. Tracking modifications to the program stack is interesting because of its unique grow/shrink usage pattern and activation record write characteristics. More-over, the stack is used in a programmer-agnostic manner where the compiler makes use of the support provided by the underlying ISA to use the stack and the OS manages the memory used by the stack region in an on-demand fashion. In this paper, we show the benefit of a checkpoint-based mechanism for stack persistence and the inefficiency of adapting existing generic memory persistence mechanisms for the stack region. We propose Prosper , a hardware-software (OS) co-designed checkpoint approach for stack persistence. Prosper tracks stack changes at sub-page byte granularity in hardware, allowing symbiosis with OS to realize efficient checkpoints of the stack region. Prosper significantly reduces (on average ∼ 4 × ) the amount of data copied during checkpoint and improves the overall checkpoint time with minimum overhead (less than 1% on average). Integration of Prosper with existing state-of-the-art memory persistence mechanisms (such as SSP) for heap provides 2.6 × improvement over solely using the state-of-the-art mechanism for the entire memory area persistence.
THE INFLUENCE OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY DISCLOSURE, INVESTMENT RISK, FIRM PERFORMANCE MODERATED BY CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

: Purpose: This study aims to analyze the impact of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure (CSRD) and investment risk on firm performance with CEO integrity, ownership concentration, and independent board as moderating variables. CEO integrity, concentrated ownership, and an independent board of directors are hallmarks of Good Corporate Governance (GCG). Methodology: This study uses manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period 2018-2022. The total sample for this study included 107 dates. Purposive sampling technique was used for the sampling method and SPSS 24 software was used for data processing in this study. Results: The results of in this research show that CSR disclosure does not have a significant impact on firm performance. Investment risk has a positive and significant impact on a company's performance. CEO integrity does not moderate the effect of his CSR disclosure on firm performance, but ownership concentration and independent board of directors moderate the effect of her CSR disclosure on firm performance. Although CEO and independent board integrity do not moderate the effect of investment risk on firm performance, ownership concentration does moderate the effect of investment risk on firm performance. Applications/Originality/Value: Even if an organization makes CSR disclosures, it does not directly impact its financial performance. Companies must understand and carefully manage investment risk to maintain and improve performance. Additionally, this study shows how ownership concentration and independent boards moderate the impact of CSR disclosure, it shows that highlighting the importance of corporate structure in optimizing corporate sustainability impact.
Arabic Toxic Tweet Classiﬁcation: Leveraging the AraBERT Model

: Social media platforms have become the primary means of communication and information sharing, facilitating interactive exchanges among users. Unfortunately, these platforms also witness the dissemination of inappropriate and toxic content, including hate speech and insults. While signiﬁcant efforts have been made to classify toxic content in the English language, the same level of attention has not been given to Arabic texts. This study addresses this gap by constructing a standardized Arabic dataset speciﬁcally designed for toxic tweet classiﬁcation. The dataset is annotated automatically using Google’s Perspective API and the expertise of three native Arabic speakers and linguists. To evaluate the performance of different models, we conduct a series of experiments using seven models: long short-term memory (LSTM), bidirectional LSTM, a convolutional neural network, a gated recurrent unit (GRU), bidirectional GRU, multilingual bidirectional encoder representations from transformers, and AraBERT. Additionally, we employ word embedding techniques. Our experimental ﬁndings demonstrate that the ﬁne-tuned AraBERT model surpasses the performance of other models, achieving an impressive accuracy of 0.9960. Notably, this accuracy value outperforms similar approaches reported in recent literature. This study represents a signiﬁcant advancement in Arabic toxic tweet classiﬁcation, shedding light on the importance of addressing toxicity in social media platforms while considering diverse languages and cultures.
Sensitizing the Eﬃciency of ICIs by Neoantigen mRNA Vaccines for HCC Treatment

: This study builds upon the groundbreaking mRNA vaccine Nobel Prize win in 2023 for COVID-19 p revention, p aving the way for next-generation mRNA cancer vaccines to revolutionize immunotherapy . Despite the existing challenges, such as the presence of a suppressive tumor microenvironment and the identiﬁcation of cancer-associated antigens, recent results from the KEY-NOTE - 942 trial have successfully demonstrated the eﬀectiveness of mRNA -based cancer treatments , providing clinical evidence for the ﬁrst time. This trial aimed to evaluate the eﬃcacy and safety of combining immune checkpoint inhibitors with mRNA -based therapies in treating cancer. Thi s advancement undeniably represents new hope for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. However, progress in this ﬁeld remains limited. In this article, we summarized the current state of applying immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) combined with neoantigen mRNA vaccines. Additionally, we discussed potential targets for designing novel mRNA vaccines and potential mRN A vaccine delivery vehicles. The objective of this article is to inspire enthusiasm for the exploration of innovative therapeutic strategies that combine ICIs with neoantigen mRNA vaccines for HCC treat-ment and HCC prevention.
El proceso vocacional del estudiantado universitario en condición de logro y rezago académico: Un análisis desde el enfoque evolutivo de Donald Super

espanolEste articulo se basa en una investigacion cuyo proposito general fue analizar el proceso vocacional de estudiantes en condicion de logro y rezago academico del Bachillerato en Quimica Industrial de la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica en el ano 2014, desde el enfoque evolutivo de Donald Super. Se parte de un paradigma naturalista, un diseno de estudio de casos colectivo con cuatro personas participantes (dos de cada condicion academica), tres instrumentos para la recoleccion de la informacion (entrevistas, sesiones a profundidad y observacion) y el metodo de analisis de contenido categorial tematico. Se concluye que, en el proceso vocacional de los cuatro casos estudiados, se vislumbran diferencias en cuanto a una u otra condicion academica, donde es la categoria de logro mas tendiente a un buen rendimiento vocacional, aunque no predictor de este; mientras que la categoria de rezago presenta mayores dificultades en sus diferentes etapas vocacionales. Por tanto, se recomienda no descuidar el apoyo academico, vocacional y personal-social de ninguna de las dos poblaciones, considerando sus diferencias y similitudes en torno a los procesos vocacionales particulares y las evaluaciones que hacen de la carrera. EnglishThis article is based on an investigation whose main purpose was to analyze students’ vocational development in statuses of achievement and academic lagging in Bachelor’s Degree in Industrial Chemistry at the Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, during 2014, by implementing Donald Super’s evolutionary approach. A naturalist paradigm, a design of collective case studies of four people (two students from each academic status), four data gathering tools (in-depth interviews, semi-structured interviews, in-depth discussion meetings, and observation), and the categorical thematic analysis method were applied. It was found that there are differences in the vocational process of the four cases studied when referring to one academic status or the other, where the category of achievement is more leaning trend to a better vocational performance, even though it is not a predictor of this; while the academic lagging presents more difficulties in its different vocational stages. Therefore, it is recommended not to neglect academic, vocational and personal-social support to any of both populations, considering their particularities related to the specific vocational processes and the evaluations they carry out during the career.
Perturbing the cochlea

Cochlear mechanics can be studied by perturbing physiological and mechanical components of the organ of Corti (OC) and observing the outcomes. We have combined OCT-based in vivo vibrometry at the base of the gerbil cochlea with pharmacological perturbation of different components of the ampliﬁer, including transiently abolishing the endocochlear potential (EP) with intravenous furosemide and inhibition of somatic electromotility by introducing sodium salicylate into the perilymphatic space. Vibrations in healthy cochleae were measured before and for several hours after the pharmacological perturbations to characterize the loss and recovery of the active process. DPOAEs were monitored and, for the furosemide experiments, EP and local cochlear microphonic observations were available from a previous set of experiments in our lab. For both salicylate and furosemide perturbations, outer hair cell sub-best-frequency (BF) nonlinearity recovered before the BF peak. In the salicylate studies intra-OC changes in the motion occurred as the cochlea recovered. In the furosemide experiments, the recovery of the BF peak occurred many minutes after EP recovery. Normal transduction currents have been shown to be necessary to maintain stereocilia morphology and loss of EP might transiently damage hair cell stereocilia, leading to the delayed recovery of functional ampliﬁcation of the BF peak. We explored this hypothesis with histological studies of bundle morphology following furosemide. These observations have not yielded clear-cut results – bundle morphology usually appeared normal, although important changes might have occurred at more subtle levels. In sum, the constellation of factors that together give rise to cochlear ampliﬁcation include EP, electromotility and transducer nonlinearity, and as-yet unidentiﬁed factors that must be properly aligned to give rise to a functioning whole.
3D Spatial Priors for Semi-Supervised Organ Segmentation with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

Medical image segmentation is a challenging task because local visual information is often ambiguous and public datasets generally contain few labeled examples. In this work, we propose a method called STIPPLE, which is based on using spatial priors and pseudo labels for handling this task. STIPPLE relies on a 3D model representing prior probabilities of an organ position in 3D, which is used to improve prediction in ambiguous areas. To this end, we introduce a generalized soft-max function for combining spatial priors and visual predictions estimated by a Fully Convolutional neural Network (FCN). To further improve performances in datasets with few labeled examples, we propose a semi-supervised extension of our model. We introduce an iterative self-labeling process, which forms a virtuous circle where the 3D prior is leveraged for selecting relevant pseudo-labels during re-labeling, leading to reﬁned interactions between FCN and prior predictions. Experiments carried out on two public datasets for pancreas (TCIA) and liver (LiTS) segmentation show the relevance of the proposed approach. We highlight the relative gain brought out by STIPPLE compared to a vanilla FCN, and show its superiority to state-of-the-art methods for semi-supervised segmentation.
Band‐stop filter based on spoof surface plasmon polaritons

A band-stop filter based on spoof surface plasmon polaritons for microwave applications is proposed, which can realise high-efficiency band rejections by etching gradient semi-circular grooves on both sides of the middle stripline of coplanar waveguide. The operating bandwidth and frequency of band-stop can be controlled by changing the radii of semi-circular holes and the length of unit cell, respectively. The operating principle of the designed band-stop filter is explained by the dispersion curves and electric field distributions. Parametric studies are also conducted to analyse the effects of key parameters on the performance of the band-stop filter, which is useful for practical designs. A prototype of the band-stop filter is fabricated and measured. The good agreements between the simulated and measured results validate the proposed design, which indicate that the presented band-stop filter can be potentially useful in many microwave applications.
World Health Organization (WHO) Grade 1 Astrocytoma in a Female From Rural India: A Case Report

Astrocytomas are rare in adults and less common in the parietal and temporal regions of the brain parenchyma. The current case is of a 26-year-old female patient who presented with a four-month history of headaches and a two-month history of vomiting. The patient's MRI brain showed an ill-defined, thick-walled lesion in the right parietal and temporal region with mass effect, which on histopathology confirmed to be a case of WHO Grade 1 astrocytoma. This manuscript describes the imaging and histopathological appearance of WHO Grade 1 astrocytoma in an adult female.
Author's Personal Copy Computational Statistics and Data Analysis Robust Minimum Information Loss Estimation

Keywords: Breakdown Covariance Cross-spectrum matrix Electroencephalogram recording Genetic algorithm Minimum covariance determinant Minimum information loss determinant estimate Spectrum Trimmed minimum information loss estimate a b s t r a c t Two robust estimators of a matrix-valued location parameter are introduced and discussed. Each is the average of the members of a subsample – typically of covariance or cross-spectrum matrices – with the subsample chosen to minimize a function of its average. In one case this function is the Kullback–Leibler discrimination information loss incurred when the subsample is summarized by its average; in the other it is the determinant, subject to a certain side condition. For each, the authors give an efficient computing algorithm, and show that the estimator has, asymptotically, the maximum possible breakdown point. The main motivation is the need for efficient and robust estimation of cross-spectrum matrices, and they present a case study in which the data points originate as multichannel electroencephalogram recordings but are then summarized by the corresponding sample cross-spectrum matrices.
Evaluation of Fracture Resistance of Custom Cast Post and Core, Pre-Fabricated Post and Core and CAD/CAM Fabricated Post and Core: An In-Vitro Study”

: The aim of the study was to compare and evaluate fracture resistance of Custom Cast post and core, Pre-fabricated post and core and CAD/CAM fabricated post and core. Material and Methods : 60 transparent endoblocks with single root canal that simulated natural teeth were randomly divided into 3 groups of 20 endoblocks each. The working length of the root canal in the transparent endobloc was determined. The canals were prepared with K-file sizes 10,15 and 20 followed by Protaper Ni-Ti files (sizes S1, S2, F1 and F2); Dentsply by using the crown down technique to the full working length. Gutta percha was removed from the root canals with Peeso drills to a depth of 12 and post spaces were prepared in all groups with the special preparation drills of each system leaving 5mm of gutta percha in all specimens. For group 1, after root canal treatment of 20 samples, Prefabricated plastic burnout posts were coated with pattern resin and then inserted into the canal with slight pressure to take the canal impression which was further send for casting followed by using GC gold label glass ionomer resin for luting. For group 2, the Prefabricated EDELWEISS post and core were placed into the canal and the cement was allowed to set. For group 3 impression of the canal was made using pattern resin. The burnout post was scanned with a lab scanner and designing was done using the designing software. CAD-CAM fabricated post and core was placed into the canal and luted with the help of glass ionomer cement. Composite core fabrication was done and the specimens were secured in a universal load-testing machine at an angle of 130 0 to the long axis of the tooth. Until fracture occurred, a compressive force was applied at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. The fracture loads were determined. Mean failure load for each group was recorded in N. Results : The mean fracture load of Group 1, was found to the maximum followed by Group 3 & Group 2 samples, in decreasing order. Conclusion : The mean fracture loads of the Custom cast post and core system were significantly higher, even more than the acrylic endoblocks indicative that when placed in natural teeth might lead to its fracture. Due to high rigidity and higher modulus of elasticity of the cast metal post the fracture susceptibility of endodontic tooth is high.