Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Novel Micromachined Coplanar Waveguide Transmission Lines for Application in Millimeter-Wave Circuits

In this paper, novel micromachined coplanar waveguide(CPW) transmission lines for application in millimeter-wave circuits are proposed. Two types of transmission lines with the length of 1 cm are fabricated and the measured characteristics are compared with those of the conventional CPW transmission line. One is the elevated CPW(ECPW) transmission line and the other is the overlay CPW(OCPW) line. These transmission lines are composed of 3-µm-thick electroplated gold lines with overhanging parts. By elevating the metal lines from the substrate using micromachining technology, the conductor and substrate dielectric loss can be reduced and easily integrated with conventional monolithic microwave integrated circuits. Compared with the conventional CPW line showing 2.65 dB/cm insertion loss at 50 GHz, the loss can be reduced to 1.9 dB/cm and 1.25 dB/cm at 50 GHz in the case of the ECPW and OCPW transmission lines, respectively. Also, the OCPW transmission line shows that the insertion loss does not vary with the change of the characteristic impedance. As shown in the measured and simulated results, the insertion loss is maintained below 1.4 dB/cm over wide impedance ranges.
Towards Understandability Evaluation of Business Process Models using Activity Textual Analysis

There are two purposes of business process modeling. Business process models are created by business analysts for understanding, analysis, and improvement of process scenarios, search, and elimination of weak spots and bottlenecks in organizational activities. Another purpose of business process models is the requirements engineering in software development projects. In both cases, the quality of created business process models is the core issue. Poor models are similar to text documents written with mistakes – they are not understandable, which may negatively impact the real processes they represent and the software workflows they describe. However, existing studies in the field of business process model quality mostly focus on the structural analysis of models using size, complexity, and other metrics with thresholds, while the textual analysis of activity labels is omitted. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an approach to the analysis of business process model understandability taking into account best practices of activity labeling. The proposed approach includes the use of natural language processing techniques, so the respective software tool was developed to perform experiments with a set of business process models. According to obtained results, we suggest considering both textual and structural qualities to achieve the understandability of business process models due to the bad correlation between these metrics (0.0171) – well-structured models can have unclear activity labels and vice versa.
Neutral Autonomous Functional Equations with Quadratic Cost

In this paper a control problem for neutral functional equations with a quadratic cost function is considered. It is shown that the optimal control is a feedback control. If the problem can be optimized over the positive half-line, then the solution of the problem is obtained by solving a linear homogeneous functional equation which possesses a type of exponential stability.
Effect of finerenone on ambulatory blood pressure in chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes

Objective: Finerenone is a selective nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist with a short half-life. Its effects on cardiorenal outcomes were thought to be mediated primarily via nonhemodynamic pathways, but office blood pressure (BP) measurements were insufficient to fully assess hemodynamic effects. This analysis assessed the effects of finerenone on 24-h ambulatory BP in patients with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes. Methods: ARTS-DN (NCT01874431) was a phase 2b trial that randomized 823 patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease, with urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g and estimated glomerular filtration rate of 30–90 ml/min per 1.73 m2 to placebo or finerenone (1.25–20 mg once daily in the morning) administered over 90 days. Ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) over 24 h was performed in a subset of 240 patients at screening, Day 60, and Day 90. Results: Placebo-adjusted change in 24-h ABPM systolic BP (SBP) at Day 90 was –8.3 mmHg (95% confidence interval [CI], –16.6 to 0.1) for finerenone 10 mg (n = 27), –11.2 mmHg (95% CI, –18.8 to –3.6) for finerenone 15 mg (n = 34), and –9.9 mmHg (95% CI, –17.7 to –2.0) for finerenone 20 mg (n = 31). Mean daytime and night-time SBP recordings were similarly reduced and finerenone did not increase the incidence of SBP dipping. Finerenone produced a persistent reduction in SBP over the entire 24-h interval. Conclusions: Finerenone reduced 24-h, daytime, and night-time SBP. Despite a short half-life, changes in BP were persistent over 24 h with once-daily dosing in the morning.
MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI ISOLATED FROM ZINGIBER OFFICINALE ROSC.

s This study was conducted to discover wide spectrum of endophyte diversity from the Zingiber officinale Rosc . Endophytic fungi were obtained from different plant tissues. All the isolated strains were identified up to genus level following described colony morphology. The recognized five different morphotypes were subjected to sequence analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene. Fusarium proliferatum , Fusarium solani and Cladosporium cladosporoides were identified based on comparison of the BLAST results and phylogenetic identification. The presented study provides the comprehensive explanation of the interrelation of morphological and molecular homologies for the identification of the prospective fungi.
Direct comparison between in situ and radar measurements of temperature fluctuation spectra: A puzzling result

Investigations of temperature fluctuation spectra of atmospheric turbulence were performed simultaneously by remote sensing and in situ measurements. A balloon borne instrumented gondola measured temperature and velocity fluctuations up to an altitude of 18 km. Spectral analysis of these data led to one-dimensional spectra. Simultaneously, the nearby stratosphere-troposphere radar “Provence” obtained vertical profiles of reflectivity for both vertical and oblique (15°) lines of sight and for various range resolutions. According to the classical interpretation, the radar echoes result from the three-dimensional spectrum of refractive index fluctuations, and its aspect sensitivity reflects the spectrum anisotropy at the half radar wavelength. We thus separately reconstructed the reflectivity profiles for the two lines of sight. For the oblique one, the in situ observed spectral level of temperature fluctuations (assumed isotropic) was converted into radar reflectivity. For the vertical measurements, a theoretical “universal” level was used, along with an isotropic conversion formula (a tentative account for the known anisotropy is given in the appendix). Comparison of the reconstructed reflectivity profiles with the observed one proves to be very puzzling. For oblique measurements, where the reconstruction process uses only widely accepted hypotheses, the observed profiles are poorly reproduced. By contrast, for vertical measurements, the proposed model leads to a good reconstruction of the shape of the reflectivity profiles. In both cases, the predicted level is always strongly overestimated. The discussion concludes that the discrepancy is real and calls for further studies of this problem.
Distribution of dense H II regions in the inner galaxy

The distribution of dense radio H II regions in the inner 100/sup 0/ of the Galaxy is derived using kinematic models based on circular rotation and density-wave theory. A radio nebula is twice as likely to have an optical counterpart in the south (305/sup 0/< or =l355/sup 0/) as in the north (5/sup 0/< or =l55/sup 0/), suggesting a preferentila alignment of H II regions with respect to obscuring matter. Southern nebulae are found to within 3 kpc of the galsctic center; northern nebulae extend inward only to 4 kpc. Dense H II regions have the narrowest scale height of any species: their dispersion about their mean z is only 33 pc. Kinematic models of the observed longitudes and velocities suggest that the nebulae are completely confined to a narrow pattern, much like a two-armed trailing spiral. This result is independent of the precise kinematics of the nebulae. The absence of dense nebulae from large areas of the Galaxy that are well populated by H I and molecular clouds indicates that the formation of massive stars is not always a consequence of the presence of molecular clouds; some additional factor is at work.
A new study of N66 in the Small Magellanic Cloud

A new sensitive method of searching for and distinguishing supernova remnants (SNRs) from H II regions is described and applied to multi-frequency radio observations and narrow-band Hα observations of the H II region N66 in the Small Magellanic Cloud. One SNR is identified and one SNR candidate is suggested at radio wavelengths. On an unsharp masked Hα plate, the H II region shows a fascinating structure which might be described by a champagne model. From this and other evidence, it is suggested that giant H II regions are often associated with SNRs
Room temperature slow and fast light in quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifiers

We demonstrate room temperature optically and electrically controllable group delay using population oscillation in a quantum-dot (QD) semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). A reduction of the group index up to 10% with a bandwidth of 13 GHz is achieved under different configurations of injection current and optical pump intensity. Our theoretical results based on population pulsation agree well with experimental data. We extract the linewidth enhancement factor and effective carrier diffusion coefficient of the QD SOA. We also observe slow light when the injection current is increased.
Metallic nanoparticles as intermediate reflectors in tandem solar cells

Tandem thin film solar cells made of amorphous and microcrystalline silicon offer the potential for high conversion efficiencies at low costs. However, their finite thickness imposed by intrinsic materials properties hinders the complete absorption of light and requires smart photon management. We reveal a genuine strategy to use metallic nanoparticles, appropriately tailored to provide a spectrally selective reflection, as an intermediate reflector. It enhances foremost light absorption in the top cell. We show that the current density for an optimized cell can be 1.16 times larger when compared to a cell without a spectrally selective intermediate reflector.
A FRAMEWORK FOR THE ANALYSIS OF HARMONISED MONITORING SCHEME DATA FOR ENGLAND AND WALES

The Harmonised Monitoring Scheme (HMS) records are the best long-term data sets for river water quality in Britain. A simple framework for statistical analysis of these data is developed which copes with the many observations below the limits of detection of the laboratory analytical methods used to measure concentrations of chemical determinands. Besides the estimates of annual mean concentrations, two products of the framework are estimates of precision of these means and a test of long-term change in annual mean concentration. The methodology is applied to concentrations of ammoniacal nitrogen, chloride, nitrite, nitrate, orthophosphate, copper and zinc at HMS river sites in England and Wales. These sites show a clear net improvement in ammoniacal nitrogen, nitrite, copper and zinc concentrations when comparing the late-1970s with the early-1990s. Conversely, between the same two periods, these sites show a clear net deterioration in chloride and orthophosphate concentrations and a small net deterioration in nitrate concentration at the HMS river sites. The simple framework is extended to include a seasonal component and a full likelihood test of long-term change. This is applied to ammoniacal nitrogen concentration at 30 HMS sites. The proportion of sites showing long-term improvement in ammoniacal nitrogen is a little higher than that obtained in the simple framework, suggesting that the simple approach is conservative in detecting change.
A Preliminary Investigation of Maximum Likelihood Logistic Regression versus Exact Logistic Regression

Logistic regression is used by practitioners and researchers in many fields, but is undoubtedly used most frequently in medical and biostatistical applications. Maximum likelihood is generally the estimation method of choice, but we show that maximum likelihood can produce very poor results under certain conditions. Specifically, the poor performance of maximum likelihood in the case of rare events is known and we review research on this topic. We primarily examine the performance of maximum likelihood in the presence of near separation, which has apparently not been studied. Exact logistic regression is the logical alternative to maximum likelihood. We offer a comparison of the two methods of estimation.
Flexible Semantic Composition with DUDES (short paper)

In this paper we present a novel formalism for semantic construction called DUDES (Dependency-based Underspecified Discourse REpresentation Structures). The DUDES formalism has been designed to overcome the rigidity of semantic composition based on the lambda calculus (where the order of application is typically fixed) and provides some flexibility with respect to the direction of the dependence and with respect to the order of application of arguments. In this short paper we present the DUDES formalism and work through a simple example. DUDES bears some resemblance to the work on λ-DRT [2] and LUDs [1] as well as with the work of Copestake et al. [4] and represents a generalization of the formalism introduced in [3]. A detailed discussion of the relation to these formalisms is clearly out of the scope of this paper. DUDES are characterized by three main facts. First, they represent semantic dependencies and are thus inherently suitable for a dependency-based grammar formalism assuming that syntactic dependencies correspond to semantic dependencies (though the correspondence might be "inverted"). Second, they explicitly encode scope relations and are thus able to yield underspecified representations as output (in contrast to the linear logic approach for LFG [5] where different scopings correspond to different derivations). Third, there is one single operation for semantic composition which is, to some extent, order-independent (in contrast to traditional lambda-based formalisms) as well as flexible with respect to the direction of the syntactic dependency. As the name suggests, DUDES builds on DRT [6] and in particular on UDRT [7] in the sense that it relies on labeled DRSs and dominance relations between these to talk about scope.
Space Velocities of Globular Clusters. III. Cluster Orbits and Halo Substructure

We have compiled a catalog of absolute proper motions of globular clusters from various sources. The sample consists of 38 clusters, from which most of the southern ones (15 clusters) were measured in our previous papers in this series. We have integrated orbits assuming two different Galactic potential models adopted from the literature and have calculated orbital parameters. The uncertainties associated with the orbital parameters were derived in a Monte Carlo approach, and we conclude that, overall, at the present level of measurement errors, orbital differences due to Galactic potential models are not significant. Three metal-poor clusters are found to have orbits similar to prototypical metal-rich disk clusters. These clusters are NGC 6254 (M10), NGC 6626 (M28), and NGC 6752. We interpret this as a potentially significant constraint on the formation of the disk. It is thus possible that part of the inner metal-poor halo is the low-metallicity tail of the thick disk. In this case, the ages of these clusters indicate that the formation of the disk partially overlapped with that of the halo. The clusters classified as "young halo" or "red horizontal-branch" by Zinn show a radially anisotropic velocity distribution, their orbits are of high total energy, with apocentric radii larger than 10 kpc and highly eccentric. In this sense they may represent an accreted component of our Galaxy. We also discuss ω Cen's orbit characteristics in the view of an accreted origin. We investigate the effect of the orbital motion on the internal dynamics of clusters. Adopting the formalism from Gnedin & Ostriker and their destruction rates due to two-body relaxation, we find that, in most cases, this internal process is more important than the destruction processes due to disk and bulge shocking. Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations argue that NGC 6397's luminosity function is depleted at the faint end, and this is blamed on its high total destruction rate. We propose a list of clusters with similar destruction rates that may also have depleted luminosity functions. We also note the bias toward deriving higher destruction rates in studies that statistically assign tangential velocities based on a kinematic model of the globular cluster system, in contrast to the rates derived from the measured tangential velocities. Clusters prone to such biases are those that have circular orbits (kinematically thick-disk clusters) and some of those with orbits of high total energy.
A new space-time code based on circulant structure and spreading

Space-time transmit structures for multi-antenna systems have received considerable interest. Circulant structures were among the first space-time coding techniques ever used for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems due to their simplicity and full rate. The fact that a circulant matrix is diagonalized by the discrete Fourier transformation matrix suggests that the circulant structure can be combined with an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) at the transmitter and a fast Fourier transform (FFT) at the receiver. Using this method, the spatial mixing effect of the MIMO channel is decoupled but the diversity gain is lost. To recover the diversity advantage, we propose to spread the transmitted symbols over the diagonalized channel using an invertable matrix whose entries are selected from $\{1,-1\}$. After spreading, every symbol experiences all the components of the frequency counterpart of the channel vector which makes our scheme provide full symbolwise diversity. The proposed scheme is full rate and can be easily applied to any number of transmit antenna. Our simulation results show that the performance of our scheme is close to the performance of the ideal orthogonal space-time code and much better than the conventional circulant space-time code.
First Order Perturbation Bounds of the Discrete-Time LMI-Based H∞ Quadratic Stability Problem for Descriptor Systems

Abstract In this paper we propose an approach to obtain first order perturbation bounds for the discrete-time Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMI) based H∞ quadratic stability problem for descriptor systems. Applying the considered approach we are able to compute tight first order perturbation bounds for the LMIs’ solutions to the H∞ quadratic stability problem for discrete-time descriptor systems. In the paper we present an approach to compute the estimates of the individual condition numbers of the considered LMIs. To illustrate the performance and applicability of the results obtained we present a numerical example
Diathermy versus the microwaves and other radio‐frequency radiations: A rose by another name is a cabbage

There are symptoms of schizophrenia in the body scientific with respect to the mixed but fervent attitudes of its constituents toward the potential perils of exposure to microwaves and other radio-frequency radiations. The Rose: exposure of human beings to fields of high power density is common, therapeutic, and viewed with sanguinity in some sectors. The Cabbage: in other sectors the suspicion that even weak fields are present raises the pejorative finger of anguish and alarm. The paradox is explored in terms of historical, geographical, personal, impersonal, and nominal manifestations. Subsequent discussion of both simple and complex thermal effects of radio-frequency radiation is followed by several conclusions. Among them are: (1) Focal or general thermal insult from simple heating of tissues can in principal result from exposure to fields as low as or even lower in density than l mW/cm2, although the practical likelihood of damage at this density is remote. (2) Consensual resolution as to the existence and nature of weak-field hazards, thermal and nonthermal, will only be reached when dosimetry—the measurement of absorbed energy—is adopted as a rule of procedure in the laboratory. (3) The assumption of hazardous nonthermal effects at low densities of radiation, which are suspected by some but are as yet unsubstantiated by anyone, is a fabrication from the whole-cloth of fear. This fear, which feeds on the absence of verified or verifiable evidence, is hampering basic studies and may thereby restrict medical development and application of radio-frequency radiations.
The potential of the ensemble Kalman filter for NWP—a comparison with 4D‐Var

The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is reviewed for its expected assimilation characteristics and ease of implementation, and compared to the currently more popular four‐dimensional variational assimilation (4D‐Var). The EnKF is attractive when building a new medium‐range ensemble numerical weather prediction (NWP) system. However it is less suitable for NWP systems with uncertainty in a wide range of scales; it may not use high‐resolution satellite data as effectively as 4D‐Var. For limited‐area mesoscale NWP systems a hybrid method is attractive. © Crown copyright, 2003. Royal Meteorological Society
Brownian Motion in a Gas of Noninteracting Molecules

The Brownian motion of a hard spherical particle in a gas whose molecules interact only with the particle but not with each other is considered from three points of view. (a) The generalized Fokker‐Planck equation for the process is derived by the classical method of Lord Rayleigh. (b) The hypothesis of the phenomenonlogical theory of Brownian motion that the distribution of changes of momentum of the particle is normal is investigated with some mathematical rigor. (c) The formula for the friction constant recently given by Kirkwood is applied to this case. It is found that the plateau value in this formula exists in this case and that the value obtained agrees with Rayleigh's method. The hypothesis of the phenomenonological theory is found to be justified for times long enough for many collisions to have taken place. The theoretical formula for the friction constant is compared with Millikan's data for the friction constant for oil droplets in air at low pressures. It is found to agree with Millikan's da.
Stress induced leakage current mechanism in thin Hf-silicate layers

Stress induced leakage current (SILC) in thin Hf-silicate layers and the mechanisms of its creation are examined. A very strong polarity and thickness dependence as well as partial recovery of SILC are observed. It is suggested that the trapping in preexisting sites influences SILC by two ways: (1) it could be the first stage of defect generation mechanism leading to the permanent component of SILC and (2) it is fully responsible for the partial recovery of SILC. Therefore, the origin of SILC in Hf silicate is distinctly different from that of SiO2. The physical origin of the preexisting sites is also discussed.