Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Global estimates for the lifetime cost of managing HIV

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Objective: There are an estimated 38 million people with HIV (PWH), with significant economic consequences. We aimed to collate global lifetime costs for managing HIV. Design: We conducted a systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42020184490) using five databases from 1999 to 2019. Methods: Studies were included if they reported primary data on lifetime costs for PWH. Two reviewers independently assessed the titles and abstracts, and data were extracted from full texts: lifetime cost, year of currency, country of currency, discount rate, time horizon, perspective, method used to estimate cost and cost items included. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the discounted lifetime costs [2019 United States dollars (USD)]. Results: Of the 505 studies found, 260 full texts were examined and 75 included. Fifty (67%) studies were from high-income, 22 (29%) from middle-income and three (4%) from low-income countries. Of the 65 studies, which reported study perspective, 45 (69%) were healthcare provider and the remainder were societal. The median lifetime costs for managing HIV differed according to: country income level: $5221 [interquartile range (IQR)]: 2978–11 177) for low-income to $377 820 (IQR: 260 176–541 430) for high-income; study perspective: $189 230 (IQR: 14 794–424 069) for healthcare provider, to $508 804 (IQR: 174 781–812 418) for societal; and decision model: $190 255 (IQR: 13 588–429 772) for Markov cohort, to $283 905 (IQR: 10 558–453 779) for microsimulation models. Conclusion: Estimating the lifetime costs of managing HIV is useful for budgetary planning and to ensure HIV management is affordable for all. Furthermore, HIV prevention strategies need to be strengthened to avert these high costs of managing HIV.
2022 APTA Pediatrics Knowledge Translation Lecture: Clinicians and Researchers Collaborate to Implement a Segmental Approach to Trunk Control

The aim of this special communication is to describe a clinician/researcher collaboration that supported implementation of the segmental approach to trunk control into physical therapy practice at a large, multisite, pediatric hospital. A 6-phase, multifaceted iterative process including use of educational strategies, the knowledge-to-action (KTA) cycle, the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, and the Theoretical Domains Framework was used. The total number of Segmental Assessments of Trunk Control (SATCos) completed increased from 0 to 57. Fifteen of 23 physical therapists representing 7 clinic locations referred a child for a SATCo. Using education alone or education plus the KTA cycle resulted in minimal uptake. Using more formal contextual assessments and mapping of barriers to strategies using implementation frameworks, collaborative goal setting, and planning resulted in more effective strategies and increase in uptake of the segmental approach in later phases.
Fossil fuel related water-rock interaction in the Appalachian Basin, Pennsylvania and New York: A geochemical and strontium isotope investigation

Fossil fuel resources (coal/oil/natural gas) have been extracted from the Appalachian Basin for over a century. Related fluids, including outflows from inactive coal mines and produced water from oil and gas wells, pose environmental concern. Three studies are presented which integrate strontium (Sr) isotopes with geologic and geochemical analyses to investigate the movement of fossil fuel-related fluids through the environment and their interactions with natural waters and geologic materials. In the first study, abandoned oil and gas wells tapping Upper Devonian units in northwestern Pennsylvania serve as conduits for the movement of waters with high amounts of total dissolved solids (TDS). This work demonstrates that the waters originate as acid mine drainage (AMD), which infiltrates shallow, siderite-cemented sandstone aquifers. Dissolution of the siderite cement produces waters rich in dissolved iron, which flow to the surface via wells with compromised casings. The second study focuses upon high-TDS water produced during natural gas extraction from the Middle Devonian Marcellus Shale. Strontium isotopic ratios of produced waters collected from across Pennsylvania define a relatively narrow set of values (87Sr/86Sr = 0.71008-0.71212) that falls above that of Devonian seawater, and is distinct from most western Pennsylvania AMD and Upper Devonian Venango Formation oil and gas brines. The uniformity of the isotope ratios suggests a basin-wide source of dissolved solids. Mixing models indicate that Sr isotopes can potentially detect even small amounts (<0.01%) of Marcellus produced water interacting with natural waters. In the third study, a sequential extraction procedure was carried out on drill cuttings from a well in south-central New York that penetrates the Marcellus Shale and adjacent units. Sr isotopic values of water and ammonium acetate leachates, representing soluble salt and clay-exchangeable fractions, fall within or just below the range measured for Marcellus produced waters, indicating that the waters’ dissolved solids originate from within the shale. Acetic acid leaches targeting carbonate minerals yield 87Sr/86Sr ratios below those of the water and ammonium acetate leaches, but higher than those expected for Devonian seawater. Rb-Sr isotope systematics suggest mixing between a seawater-derived source and more radiogenic material, and multiple generations of carbonate mineral precipitation.
Hubungan antara Stres dan Pola Menstruasi pada Remaja Perempuan Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri di Kota Yogyakarta

Latar Belakang: Perubahan pada siklus menstruasi dapat disebabkan oleh kelainan primer maupun sekunder pada organ reproduksi. Stres merupakan salah satu penyebab gangguan sekunder pada sistem reproduksi yang dapat menyebabkan functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA), premature ovarian failure (POF), atau perubahan pada karakteristik siklus menstruasi melalui penekanan pada aksis hipotalamus-pituitari-gonad. Beberapa penelitian mendukung pernyataan ini, namun masih terdapat variasi untuk mengidentifikasi ambang batas dimana tingkat stres dapat mengganggu siklus menstruasi.Tujuan: Mengetahui bagaimana hubungan antara stres dengan gangguan menstruasi pada remaja perempuan Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) Negeri di kota Yogyakarta.Metode: Metode penelitian ini adalah Cross-sectional. Subyek penelitian terdiri dari remaja perempuan kelas X dan XI SMA Negeri di kota Yogyakarta yang berusia 15-18 tahun dan data-data diperoleh melalui pengisian kuesioner online. Gangguan menstruasi ditentukan berdasarkan kriteria The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) system-1 tahun 2018 yang direvisi. Tingkat stres diukur melalui skor Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) dan variabel luar yang dievaluasi adalah indeks massa tubuh dan aktivitas fisik dengan intensitas sedang. Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi Square dan analisis regresi logistik.Hasil: Dari total 596 responder yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, prevalensi tingkat stres tinggi sebesar 70,47% dan gangguan menstruasi sebesar 43,29%. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara tingkat stres tinggi (p= 0,830; RP 1,022), indeks massa tubuh (p= 0,542; RP 1,094), maupun aktivitas fisik intensitas sedang (p= 0,717; RP 1,045) terhadap gangguan menstruasi. Hasil yang sama ditunjukkan melalui analisis multivariat.Kesimpulan: Tingkat stres tinggi ditemukan pada sebagian besar remaja perempuan di kota Yogyakarta, namun tidak terdapat hubungan antara tingkat stres terhadap gangguan menstruasi.Kata kunci: gangguan menstruasi, stres, remaja perempuan
The Toronto Indies: Some Assemblage Required

This article seeks to develop an approach to independent video game production through a synthesis of recent work in assemblage theory and critical political economy. As an alternative to the (still important and useful) institutionalist political economic work of Kerr (2006) or Dyer-Witheford & de Peuter's immaterial-labour oriented study in Games of Empire (2009), I propose studying videogames through their historically and materially specific context, thinking about videogame development communities as assemblages (DeLanda, 2006). Both approaches have the tendency to reduce videogames – in the former to the institutional character of the organization, and in the latter to an overdetermination of discourses and material in global flows of capital. The assemblage of videogame production should not be conceptualized as an object overdetermined by global capital's immanence towards new forms of immaterial labour. Rather it is negotiating its way through capital, state bureaucracies, aesthetics, ad hoc decision making and the flows of bodies through urban spaces. The work of videogame production is both immaterial and expressive, as much as it is firmly grounded in existing material relationships to a panoply of objects. This paper then has two goals: 1) to illustrate an ontology and method of political economy and 2) contribute to the growing scholarship on indie games.
On Power-Law Relationships of the Internet

Despite the apparent randomness of the Internet, we discover some surprisingly simple power-laws of the Internet topology. These power-laws hold for three snapshots of the Internet, between November 1997 and December 1998, despite a 45% growth of its size during that period. We show that our power-laws t the real data very well resulting in correlation coeecients of 96% or higher. Our observations provide a novel perspective of the structure of the Internet. The power-laws describe concisely skewed distributions of graph properties such as the node outdegree. In addition, these power-laws can be used to estimate important parameters such as the average neighborhood size, and facilitate the design and the performance analysis of protocols. Furthermore, we can use them to generate and select realistic topologies for simulation purposes. 1 Introduction \What does the Internet look like? " \Are there any topolog-ical properties that don't change in time? " \How will it look like a year from now? " \How can I generate Internet-like graphs for my simulations? " These are some of the questions motivating this work. In this paper, we study the topology of the Internet and we identify several power-laws. Furthermore, we discuss multiple beneets from understanding the topology of the Internet. First, we can design more eecient protocols that take advantage of its topological properties. Second, we can create more accurate artiicial models for simulation purposes. And third, we can derive estimates for topological parameters (e.g. the average number of neighbors within h
Editorial: Whole Genome Sequencing for rare diseases

COPYRIGHT © 2023 Di Resta and D’Argenio. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Editorial: Whole Genome Sequencing for rare diseases
Questioning the principles of sustainable tourism development: a case study of Cocachimba, Peru

With the emergence of the sustainable development paradigm in the 1980s and the growth of the travel industry it seemed inevitable that the two would coincide at one point or another. Emerging as a reaction to mass tourism and environmental destruction, sustainable tourism development is a combination of two main schools of thought; development theory and environmental sustainability. Once assumed to be a passing fad, two decades on the concept has gained widespread acceptance both within the academic circles and governments. Since the early 1990s, the sustainable tourism paradigm and its practical applicability has become the subject of much debate. Although it is widely acknowledged that sustainable tourism is impractical at macro level, it has long been thought that the principles of sustainable tourism development could be successfully applied at micro level. This thesis aims to contest this statement and demonstrate that small scale sustainable tourism development is just as unattainable. Drawing upon existing literature, it aims to weave together tourism and development theory and examine the links and discrepancies between the principles of sustainable tourism development and the wider framework of sustainable development. In doing so it reveals a number of fundamental weaknesses which undermine the viability of sustainable tourism development. In addition to examining the discrepancies and contradictions of the concept, the thesis also forms a link between the principles and practices of sustainable tourism development and a destinations area ‘life cycle’, thereby; providing a framework for its analysis. Using a sustainable tourism development cycle model (STDC), it will show how as a destination area passes through the various stages of tourism development it moves further away from the principles of sustainable development and consequently fails to meet the fundamental principles of sustainable development. Built upon and adapted from Butler’s (1980) ‘tourism area life cycle’ theory, the STDC model questions the sustainability of a tourism destination area and evaluates its progress in implementing the principles of sustainable tourism development as it evolves.
Short-term flow dynamics of a retreating tidewater glacier: LeConte Glacier, Alaska, U.S.A.

Abstract An analysis of motion in the terminus region of LeConte Glacier, Alaska, U.S.A. , delineates mechanisms that are important to tidewater glacier stability. This glacier is undergoing rapid retreat. Since 1995 it has retreated 2 km and thinned >125 m at the present location of the terminus. Ice velocities in this region are quite high; at the terminus they exceed 27 m d−1. Our analysis reveals that fluctuations in speed and surface elevation are forced by ocean tides, surface melt and precipitation. The nearterminus ice speed is 180° out of phase with the tide, such that high tide corresponds to low speed. Smaller, melt-forced diurnal variations in speed are present throughout the lowermost 7 km. Speed-ups in excess of 10% of the mean often occur after rainstorms as a result of increased basal water pressure and storage, but the relation is not simple. The velocity does not vary over the spring and summer seasons.
Effects of Plyometrics and Plyometrics Combined with Dynamic Stretching on Vertical Jump in Male Collegiate Volleyball Players

Vertical jump ability is a crucial component for success in volleyball. Plyometric training is used to generate and enhance explosive power of athletes in various sport activities. The aim of this study was to find out the comparative effects of lower body plyometric exercises and lower body Plyometrics combined with dynamic stretching on vertical jump performance in male collegiate volleyball players. The study was conducted for an eight weeks period on 90 male collegiate volleyball players of 18-22 years of age. Players were divided randomly into one control and two experimental groups of 30 players in each group. All players were tested for vertical jump height using the sergeant jump test prior to start of the training program. The assessments were done at the end of every two weeks till eight weeks. The results of the study show that significant changes in vertical jump height from 2nd week onwards in both the groups and the highest effects were observed at the end of 8 Weeks(p<0.05). However, the lower body plyometrics combined with dynamic stretching group showed more effect than the lower body plyometrics group. It can be concluded that eight week lower body plyometrics combined with dynamic stretching training can be the better effective technique to improve vertical jump performance in male collegiate volleyball players.
Geochemical and mineralogical interpretation of the Viking inorganic chemical results

The elemental analyses whose basis is described in the preceding two papers represent the composition of samples of Martian fines; the only undetermined major constituents thought to be present are H2O, CO2, Na2O, and possibly NOx. The samples are principally silicate particles, with some admixture of oxide and probably carbonate minerals; the fines appear to have been indurated to a variable degree by a sulfate-rich intergranular cement. The overall elemental composition is dissimilar to any single known mineral or rock type and apparently represents a mixture of materials. Close chemical similarity among samples at each site, and between the two sites, indicates effective homogenization of the fines, presumably by planetary windstorms, and further suggests that the samples analyzed represent the fine, mobilizable materials over a large part of the planet's surface. Low trace element, alkali, and alumina contents suggest that the great preponderance of the materials in the mixture is of mafic derivation; highly differentiated, salic igneous rocks or their weathering products are insignificant components of the samples. Normative calculations, comparisons with reference libraries of analytical data, and mathematical mixture modeling have led to a qualitative mineralogical model in which the fines consist largely of iron-rich smectites (or their degradation products), carbonates, iron oxides, probably in part maghemite, and sulfate minerals concentrated in a surface duricrust. The original smectites may have formed by interaction of mafic magma and subsurface ice, and the sulfates (and carbonates? ) may have been concentrated in the surface crust by subsurface leaching, upward transport, and evaporation of intergranular moisture films. Testing and refinement of this and competing models will accompany continuing acquisition of samples and data and refinement of the analyses, particularly with respect to the critical light elements Mg, Al, and Si.
Intervening in Employee Disputes: How and When Will Managers from China, Japan and the USA Act Differently?

We investigated how third party managers from China, Japan and the USA intervened in employees' disputes. Consistent with predictions, we found (using non-linear HLM analysis) that managers who were superiors to the disputants behaved autocratically and/or decided on conservative (e.g., contract adhering) outcomes; but managers who were peers (especially in China and the USA), generally involved disputants in decision-making and obtained integrative outcomes that went beyond initial contract related mandates. Our results extend prior research and theorizing using the dispositional and constructivist perspectives on culture by introducing norm complexity as an explanation for variations in third party conflict intervention behaviour within one culture.
Multimode Operation for On-Line Uninterruptible Power Supply System

To enhance the robustness and disturbance rejection ability of an on-line uninterruptible power supply (UPS) system, an internal model control-based dc-link voltage regulation method is proposed in this paper. Furthermore, the multimode operations of the on-line UPS system are investigated and their corresponding control strategies are proposed. The proposed control strategies are capable of achieving the seamless transition in traditional normal mode, photovoltaic-aided normal mode, enhanced eco-mode (EEM), and burn-in test mode (BTM). Meanwhile, the uninterruptible load voltage is promised during the mode transition. The small-signal analysis is also conducted to investigate the stability of EEM and BTM. Finally, extensive experimental results are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Using auditory texture statistics for domain-neutral removal of background sounds

Human communication often occurs under adverse acoustical conditions, where speech signals mix with interfering background noise. A substantial fraction of interfering noise can be characterized by a limited set of statistics and has been referred to as auditory textures. Recent research in neuroscience has demonstrated that humans and animals utilize these statistics for recognizing, classifying, and suppressing textural sounds.Here, we propose a fast, domain-free noise suppression method exploiting the stationarity and spectral similarity of sound sources that make up sound textures, termed Statistical Sound Filtering (SSF). SSF represents a library of spectrotemporal features of the background noise and then compares this against instants in speech-noise-mixtures to subtract contributions that are statistically consistent with the interfering noise.We evaluated the performance of SSF using multiple quality measures and human listeners on the standard TIMIT corpus of speech utterances. SSF improved the sound quality across all performance metrics, capturing different aspects of the sound. Additionally, human participants reported reduced background noise levels as a result of filtering, without any significant damage to speech quality. SSF executes rapidly (~100× real-time) and can be retrained rapidly and continuously in changing acoustic contexts.SSF is able to exploit unique aspects of textural noise and therefore, can be integrated into hearing aids where power-efficient, fast, and adaptive training and execution are critical.
Multistep lattice Boltzmann methods: Theory and applications

This paper presents a framework for incorporating arbitrary implicit multistep schemes into the lattice Boltzmann method. While the temporal discretization of the lattice Boltzmann equation is usually derived using a second‐order trapezoidal rule, it appears natural to augment the time discretization by using multistep methods. The effect of incorporating multistep methods into the lattice Boltzmann method is studied in terms of accuracy and stability. Numerical tests for the third‐order accurate Adams‐Moulton method and the second‐order backward differentiation formula show that the temporal order of the method can be increased when the stability properties of multistep methods are considered in accordance with the second Dahlquist barrier.
SmartCloud:gestión eficiente de recursos computacionales de la Administración Pública

SmartCloud es una solucion completa (IaaS + SaaS) siguiendo el paradigma de cloud computing. A traves de una arquitectura de capas escalable se implementa una nube privada que gestiona los elementos de una infraestructura ya existente anadiendo a los mismos la funcionalidad de nodo de procesamiento en los tiempos de inactividad sin afectar su utilizacion habitual. Sobre esta plataforma se ha implementado una solucion de calculo cientifico open source (iPython) que utiliza los recursos antes mencionados como soporte hardware para procesamiento paralelo y funcionalidades de cluster. Como resultado de esta solucion se puede brindar a los usuarios un nuevo servicio sin inversion en hardware ni licencias con el valor anadido de la reutilizacion de infraestructuras ya existentes. [ABSTRACT] SmartCloud is a full solution (Iaas + SaaS) following the Cloud Computing Paradigm. Trough a scalable layer architecture, we have deployed a private cloud that manages existing infrastructure elements, adding new functionalities to them. These elements now work as processing nodes in their inactivity periods without affecting their regular usage. Over this platform it has been deployed an Open Source scientific computing application (iPython) that uses the former mentioned resources for parallel processing and cluster functionalities. As the result of this project, a new service can be provided to users with no investment in hardware or in software licenses with the added value of the reuse of existing infrastructures.