Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pour une lexicomatique de l'arabe : l'unité lexicale simple et l'inventaire fini des spécificateurs du domaine du mot

Cet article a pour objet de presenter dans leurs grandes lignes : 1) la structure generale de la base de donnees lexicales qui est la condition sine qua non de tout traitement automatique operationnel de l'arabe, et dont la conception est fondee sur une approche declarative de la morphologie ; 2) la methodologie de realisation de cette base ; il s'agit de la conception et de I'implementation d'interfaces de saisie des donnees lexicales. Ces dernieres doivent etre ergonomiques et compatibles avec les traitements envisages.
The Philosophy of Multiple Comparisons

'Abstract. This paper is based on the 1989 Miller Memorial Lecture at Stanford University. The topic was chosen because of Rupert Miller's long involvement and significant contributions to multiple comparison procedures and theory. Our emphasis will be on the major questions that have received relatively little attention-on what one wants multiple comparisons to do, on why one wants to do that, and on how one can communicate the results. Very little attention will be given to how the results can be calculated-after all, there are books about that (e.g., Miller, 1966, 1981; Hochberg and Tamhane, 1987).
Effects of Group Work on Attitudes, Trust, and Performance

Given the critical role that groups play in many educational settings, it is crucial to understand how students form their attitudes towards group work. Using an in-class field experiment, we study how being in a team affects attitudes towards group work, trust, and performance. We randomly assign students to complete quizzes alone or in a group, and find that (i) taking quizzes in teams leads to more positive attitudes towards group work and higher levels of trust (ii) students perform better on quizzes if they work in groups (iii) working in groups does not significantly help or hinder performance on subsequent individual exams. The positive impact of group quizzes on performance is particularly pronounced for below median students who are matched with above median students. Our results suggest that there are benefits to placing students in randomly assigned teams. JEL Classification: I23, C93, A22 *Contact: Graham Beattie, graham.beattie@lmu.edu, Department of Economics, Loyola Marymount University, 1 LMU Drive, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 90045. Fulya Ersoy, fulya.ersoy@lmu.edu, Department of Economics, Loyola Marymount University, 1 LMU Drive, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 90045. We thank Joy Buchanan and the seminar participants at Loyola Marymount University for helpful discussions and comments. This research is approved by IRB of Loyola Marymount University and registered at the AEA RCT registry (https://doi.org/10.1257/rct.4440-2.1)
Gradient Wind Balance in Tropical Cyclones in High-Resolution Global Experiments

AbstractThe degree of gradient wind balance was investigated in a number of tropical cyclones (TCs) simulated under realistic environments. The results of global-scale numerical simulations without cumulus parameterization were used, with a horizontal mesh size of 7 km. On average, azimuthally averaged maximum tangential velocities at 850 (925) hPa in the simulated TCs were 0.72% (1.95%) faster than gradient wind–balanced tangential velocity (GWV) during quasi-steady periods. Of the simulated TCs, 75% satisfied the gradient wind balance at the radius of maximum wind speed (RMW) at 850 and at 925 hPa to within about 4.0%. These results were qualitatively similar to those obtained during the intensification phase. In contrast, averages of the maximum and minimum deviations from the GWV, in all the azimuths at the RMW, achieved up to 40% of the maximum tangential velocity. Azimuthally averaged tangential velocities exceeded the GWV (i.e., supergradient) inside the RMW in the lower troposphere, whereas the ve.
Development of a Compact and Sensitive Electrostatic Radon-222 Measuring System for Use in Atmospheric Observation

A new automated 222 Rn measuring system suitable for a wide range of atmospheric observations has been developed. This system comprises a 222 Rn analyzer and an air-sampling unit, along with a pump, drying equipment, and a filter. The operation of this 222 Rn analyzer is based on an electrostatic collection method involving the use of a PIN photodiode to separately detect α particles emitted from 218 Po and 214 Po released from the decay of 222 Rn in a hemispheric air-sample chamber. The response of the 222 Rn analyzer with respect to the applied voltage, chamber volume size, and sample flow rate is investigated to determine the appropriate measuring conditions. With this instrument, the detection limits have improved to 0.16-0.20 Bq m -3 for 1 h. The new 222 Rn analyzer shows several technical advancements over the previous electrostatic collection methods, such as an improved detection limit, higher sensitivity, higher time-resolution analysis, and longer life. During the preliminary observational test, the 222 Rn measuring system was able to detect the diurnal cycle in 222 Rn resulting from the mixing of rapid vertical air in the surface boundary layer. At the Minamitorishima station located far from the continent, very small 222 Rn peaks were clearly detected when long-range transport of polluted air masses from the Asian continent was observed at the station. We demonstrate that our compact 222 Rn measuring system has the potential to be widely used for high time-resolution measurements of low-level 222 Rn.
Initial FAST observations of acceleration processes in the cusp

FAST satellite observations during two encounters with the Earth's cusps near 4000 km are presented. In addition to precipitating magnetosheath particles with isotropic pitch angle distributions, the energetic particle data reveal upgoing ion beams, ion conics, downgoing “inverted‐V” electron distributions, and very narrow, intense upgoing electron beams. A rich assortment of DC‐coupled electric fields and plasma waves accompany these acceleration processes. In one example, step‐like injections of magnetosheath ions are correlated with bursts of upgoing ion beams and downgoing electrons, suggesting that the currents associated with these injections set up local electric potential structures that subsequently drive the acceleration processes. The observations underscore the fact that the cusp is not merely a conduit for the passage of magnetosheath particles and fields, but contains a dynamic internal electrical structure that accelerates particles locally and may alter the precipitating magnetosheath particle populations themselves.
Impact of food intolerance on quality of life among university students

Background: Food intolerance is prevalent in the modern world. Based on the methods of data collection and definitions it influences up to 15-20 percent of the population. Objective: To find out impact of food intolerance on quality of life among universitystudents. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 250 students, selected from The University of Lahore through non-probability convenience sampling. Data were collected about their socio-demographics using self-reported questionnaire and quality of life using QOL-BREF questionnaire. Analysis of association between different variables was done using chi square test. Results: 81 (32%) subjects were male while 169 (68%) subjects were female. 225 (90%) students were undergraduate and 25 (10%) were postgraduate. 209 (83.6%) students were food intolerant while 41 (16.4%) students were having no food intolerance issue. The mean score of subjects in physical, psychological, social and environmental domain of QOL-BREF was 59.80±14.984, 57.92±16.791, 32.47±14.047 and 59.94±15.465 respectively.No significant association was found between intolerance to food and quality of life of subjects. Conclusion: Food intolerance had no impact on quality of life of the subjects. There was no impact of food intolerance on quality of life among university students. Social domain had the minimum score and environmental domain had maximum score among all domains of QOL-BREF
A study on spot welding quality judgment of stainless steel plate based on semi-supervised conditional generation adversarial network

During RSW, the number of qualified samples is much more than the unqualified ones, forming an unbalanced set, thus affecting the training effect of the model, meanwhile, most samples are unlabeled, and if all the joints are marked, it is more expensive. Based on this, a method of spot welding quality judgment of stainless steel plate based on semi-supervised conditional generation adversarial network is proposed. Firstly, labels are added to the noise to generate labeled data and unlabeled data, which are mixed in a certain proportion to ensure the diversity of generated data. Then, the real data is divided into two parts, in which the unlabeled part plays a game with the generated data to generate samples as close to the real as possible, meanwhile, the data with true discriminant results and labeled data are input into the autoencoder to obtain the feature vectors set of different states. Finally, the training parameters and test samples are input into the classifier to obtain the judgment results. The proposed method was applied to application case, and the results showed that it not only had a good fitting effect, but also had a high classification accuracy. Consequently, the method proposed was effective.
Staticity and uniqueness of multiple black hole solutions of sigma -models

The author proves the staticity and no-hair conjectures for self-gravitating nonlinear sigma -models with Riemannian target manifolds. The author first demonstrates that any self-coupled, stationary scalar mapping ( sigma -model) from a strictly stationary domain of outer communications with nonrotating horizon to a Riemannian manifold has to be static. Applying the positive mass theorem, the author subsequently shows that the exterior Schwarzschild geometry is the only maximally extended, static, asymptotically flat solution of the coupled Einstein- sigma -model equations with regular (but not necessarily connected) horizon.
Predicting Power for Longitudinal Studies with Attrition

Power analyses play an integral role in designing biomedical studies and are customary in biomedical research proposals, for example, submitted to federal regulatory and medical research agencies. An underpowered study potentially leads to inconclusive inferences and consequently misspends valuable time and financial resources allocated to the study. The occurrence of attrition or dropout further increases the risk of conducting an underpowered study. In some applications, it is desirable to provide additional assurance against insufficient statistical power by producing conservative power predictions. We propose two new methods for predicting power when expecting attrition, and both methods employ a simple probability model for the number of dropouts. One approach allows conservative power predictions that reduce the chance of underpowering studies. The second procedure gives the minimum mean squared error predictor of conditional power, given dependence on a random number of unobserved values or dropouts. We illustrate our methods for predicting power using a longitudinal study of depression. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Asymptotic tracking and disturbance rejection in uncertain nonlinear systems

A state feedback dynamic controller is constructed to achieve asymptotic tracking and disturbance rejection for a class of nonlinear systems regardless of certain plant uncertainties. This controller is based on a kth-order robust control law, and features what is called the internal model principle in the linear literature. The result extends the robust linear servomechanism theory to the nonlinear setting. >
Impacts of the binary typhoons on upper ocean environments in November 2007

Abstract. Using multiple satellite observations, Argo floats profiles, and one-dimensional (1-D) ocean mixed layer model, this study systematically investigated the impacts of the binary typhoons Hagibis and Mitag [which coexisted respectively in the South China Sea (SCS) and western North Pacific (WNP) during November, 22 to 26, 2007] on upper ocean environments. It was observed that intense Ekman pumping and two mesoscale cold, cyclonic eddies, which, induced by long forcing time of strong wind stress curls, appeared respectively in two certain areas instead of after the binary typhoons’ trails. Both cyclonic eddies retained for ∼ 39 days, accompanied with maximum sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) reduction of ∼ 25 cm induced by Hagibis and of ∼ 44 cm induced by Mitag, respectively. The largest sea surface temperature (SST) drop of 7°C and 2°C, the maximum chlorophyll a (Chl- a ) enhancement respectively was > 20 times and ∼ 3 times in these two eddies’ regions induced by Typhoon Hagibis and Mitag, respectively. The results of the 1-D ocean mixed layer model showed that, given its 84 h forcing time, the simulated MLT cooling and mixed layer deepening induced by Hagibis were ∼ - 2.8 ° C and 45 m, respectively, ∼ - 0.5 ° C and 25 m for Mitag at its 66 h forcing time. This work provides convincing evidences that typhoons, which appear frequently in the SCS and the WNP, play a notable role in the activities of mesoscale eddies in these areas.
Effects of the pressure perturbation field in numerical models of unidirectionally sheared thunderstorm convection - Two versus three dimensions

Abstract Two- and three-dimensional anelastic numerical modeling experiments with common environmental profiles are used to study two aspects of the pressure perturbation field in strongly sheared convective storms: 1) the physical roles of the so-called “buoyant” and “dynamic” pressure components, and 2) the distinction between the buoyant and hydrostatic pressure perturbations. The two- and three-dimensional models are analogous except that the two-dimensional grid domain is about 50% longer in order to accommodate a broadening of the two-dimensional storm circulation with time. The pressure analysis helps to clarify certain marked differences between the two-dimensional and three-dimensional storms, most notably a much weaker main updraft in two dimensions pronounced downshear tilt of the two-dimensional storm core versus an erect three-dimensional storm core, and a dry secondary updraft downshear of the main cloudy updraft in two dimensions with no analog in three dimensions: In the main updraft, stro.
An interactive system to map land degradation and inform decision‐making to achieve land degradation neutrality via convergence of evidence across scales: A case‐study in Ecuador

One of the core challenges to achieve land degradation neutrality (LDN) is to spatially identify, and strategically prioritise, the areas to implement actions to avoid, reduce and reverse land degradation. To achieve this, a tool for a participatory and data‐driven assessment considering both the biophysical and socio‐economic dimensions of land degradation across scales was developed for Ecuador. In this paper, we present the methodology and results obtained, including the spatially explicit interactive tool developed to integrate indicators that support the scaling‐up of sustainable land management (SLM). The process involved specialists from various national and international institutions, as well as decision makers from the public sector and other relevant stakeholders. Cloud computing allowed the integration of five main sources of data: (1) the results of a participatory land degradation assessment based on an expert knowledge questionnaire following the land degradation assessment in drylands (LADA) and world overview of conservation approaches and technologies (WOCAT) methodology; (2) the Hand‐in‐Hand Initiative Ecuador typology maps based on poverty and estimated agricultural potential and efficiency scores from household surveys; (3) National datasets on land cover and land use, soil properties, and hydro climatic indicators; (4) global satellite‐derived LDN indicators, such as land productivity dynamics; and (5) documented SLM practices from WOCAT Global SLM Database. The tool is based on a Google Earth Engine application and allows decision makers to easily compare results and obtain statistics at different spatial scales and landscapes, including land use systems delimited by experts. It also includes a multi‐criteria module to identify areas with specific characteristics to prioritise different types of interventions to achieve the Country's LDN targets. Convergence of local and global evidence allowed the identification of hotspots of degradation as well as areas of false positives/negatives—if only global or remote sensing indicators were considered. The participatory process contributed to strengthening multi‐sector cooperation mechanisms and to guaranteeing ownership of the tool and the results. The system will support Ecuador's efforts to monitor and report progress towards LDN to the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification. The system's code is shared as a repository at Earth Engine and can be adapted to and used by other countries and regions.
Geometric structure and view invariant recognition

By organizing object recognition as indexing a look–up table of model object features, it can be made effective in terms of time and memory complexity. However, for general three–dimensional (3D) objects it is not possible to compute non–trivial object specific descriptors from a single view that are invariant to general choices of viewpoint This raises the question of how to effectively organize recognition of 3D objects from single views by making various compromises w.r. t. invariance and efficiency of representations. For general shapes we can derive shape constraints, invariant to viewpoint and other camera parameters, that relate 3D and image structure. These relations can be used for verification of the presence in an image of a specific 3D object but they do not allow for the computation of view invariant indexes. In order to have an indexing system for recognition, there are basically two alternative options: If we want complete view invariance we have to restrict the class of objects. Alternatively, if we want methods that work for general unconstrained object types, we have to restrict the range of viewpoints over which invariant descriptors can be computed. We will see how this naturally leads to the introduction of incidence and order structure respectively, as a basis for shape description. The hierarchy of geometric structure descriptions: projective/affine, order and incidence can all be described in a unified way in terms of properties of bracket expressions of image coordinates in arbitrary frames.
Variable Acoustics by Wave Field Synthesis

Variable acoustics systems can be applied to adapt the acoustical properties of an enclosure, assuring an optimal perception of each possible performance. This thesis describes the design of a variable acoustics system, based on electro-acoustic techniques. Its contents can be related to three elements that play a role in room acoustics: analysis, synthesis and perception. A new concept of wave field analysis is described, applying linear microphone arrays. The application of microphone arrays reveals the spatial coherence of wave fields and spatial processing techniques are made accessible. The spatial processing technique applied in this thesis is the Radon transform, performing a plane wave decomposition. Array measurements show a considerable amount of nonspecular reflections within the first 100 ms of the impulse response, and some clear anisotropy until 200-300 ms after the direct sound. These results do not endorse a sharp distinction between early reflections and reverberation. Wave field synthesis denotes a technique of generating wave fronts by means of loudspeaker arrays. The application of loudspeaker arrays is inevitable in order to accurately generate sound fields with predefined temporal, spectral and spatial properties. Hence, wave field synthesis offers a volume solution, instead of the point solution offered by conventional multi-channel systems. The design of a variable acoustics system should be based on perceptually relevant parameters. Parameters relevant for perception have been described with respect to the reverberant sound field. The spatial properties are parametrized seperately from the temporal and spectral properties. Perceptual experiments reveal that the described parameters are perceptually highly relevant. A laboratory prototype system, based on a rectangular loudspeaker array configuration, has been designed and built. The reverberant sound field is generated by means of 11 plane waves, while different FIR filters are attributed to each plane wave to control the temporal and spectral properties. The early reflections are presently generated by synthesizing a limited number of mirror image sources, ignoring the presence of non-specular reflections.
Netnography and instagram community: An empirical study

Netnography is a methodical tool which is picking up the pace in the online communities. It originates from the field of ethnography and anthropology. The experiences shared by the online communities and interactions of the participants are highlighted by this revelatory method. This study will observe the effects of Instagram in evolving the trust of users, activities of netnography and their use among the Instagram community. The study aims to explore the opportunities of Instagram ethnography while considering the present literature and its inspection as both a research tool and an engaging platform. This research will also give the outlook of using analytical tools like Instagram analytics or Google analytics for amalgamation of the data.
Inter-Individual Variations: A Challenge for the Standardisation of Complement Activation Assays

Introduction The role of the human immune system in pathologic responses to chemicals including nanomaterials was identified as a gap in current hazard assessments. However, the complexity of the human immune system as well as interspecies variations make the development of predictive toxicity tests challenging. In the present study, we have analysed to what extent fluctuations of the complement system of different individuals will have an impact on the standardisation of immunological tests. Methods We treated commercially available pooled sera (PS) from healthy males, individual sera from healthy donors and from patients suffering from cancer, immunodeficiency and allergies with small molecules and liposomes. Changes of iC3b protein levels measured in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays served as biomarker for complement activation. Results The level of complement activation in PS differed significantly from responses of individual donors (p < 0.01). Only seven out of 32 investigated sera from healthy donors responded similarly to the pooled serum. This variability was even more remarkable when investigating the effect of liposomes on the complement activation in sera from donors with pre-existing pathologies. Neither the 26 sera of donors with allergies nor sera of 16 donors with immunodeficiency responded similar to the PS of healthy donors. Allergy sufferers showed an increase in iC3b levels of 4.16-fold changes when compared to PS treated with liposomes. Discussion Our studies demonstrate that the use of pooled serum can lead to an over- or under-estimation of immunological response in particular for individuals with pre-existing pathologies. This is of high relevance when developing medical products based on nanomaterials and asks for a review of the current practice to use PS from healthy donors for the prediction of immunological effects of drugs in patients. A better understanding of individual toxicological responses to xenobiotics should be an essential part in safety assessments.