Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Supplementation of Molasses-Based Liquid Feed for Cattle Fed on Limpograss Hay

Simple Summary Seasonality in forage production may limit the quantity and quality of forage. Even when forage is available in the period of scarcity, protein might still be a limiting nutrient in animal performance. Feed supplementation is a powerful tool to adjust nitrogen (N) levels in the diet of ruminants during critical periods. Urea is commonly used as a source of non-protein nitrogen in molasses supplements. This dietary protein provides amino acids as well as nitrogen for microbial protein synthesis. Moreover, molasses has organoleptic characteristics, such as palatability, increasing dry matter intake, through microbial growth, especially for fiber-digesting bacteria. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of different levels of liquid supplementation based on molasses enriched with 32% crude protein (as fed; 45% on DM basis) on ingestion, digestibility, and rumen fermentation. The results of this study indicated that addition of a molasses-based liquid feed to a Hemarthria altissima hay-based diet can improve the nutrient supply to animals; notably, volatile fatty acids (VFA) and microbial N. Liquid supplementation had an additive effect on intake of animals fed Hemarthria altissima hay but did not increase hay intake. Abstract Two experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of (1) different levels of liquid supplementation (LS) based on molasses enriched with 32% (as fed; 45% on DM basis) crude protein (CP) on intake of Hemarthria altissima hay (LH), digestibility, and rumen fermentation, and (2) different levels of LS based on molasses enriched with 32% CP in the in vitro gas production in LH diets. In Exp. 1, twelve heifers and 12 adult male castrated and cannulated cattle were used. Treatments were allocated in a randomized block design, in four treatments: (CTL) access ad libitum to the LH; (SUP2) ad libitum access to LH and supplementation with 0.9 kg d−1; (SUP4) ad libitum access to LH and supplementation with 1.8 kg d−1 and; (SUP6) ad libitum access to LH with 2.7 kg d−1. In Exp. 2, treatments were carried out in a randomized block design with four different proportions of LH diet: (CTL) 100 LH, (SUP2) 85 LH and 15 LS, (SUP4) 70 LH and 30 LS, (SUP6) 55 LH and 45% LS. In Exp. 1, liquid molasses-based supplementation did not affect LH intake (p > 0.05). Molasses intake improved as the supply increased, not reducing the intake of LH. In Exp. 2, the addition of LS to the LH caused a change in the VFA profile, with an increase in propionate production in vitro.
Cu‐Oxide Nanoparticles Catalyzed Synthesis of Nitriles and Amides from Alcohols and Ammonia in Presence of Air

The synthesis and functionalization of nitrogen‐containing compounds continue to be important due to their wide applications. In particular, the preparation of nitriles and amides applying cost‐effective and green methodologies is of central importance because these products represent valuable fine and bulk chemicals and serve as key precursors and central intermediates in organic synthesis and drug discovery as well as materials. Here, the preparation of nitriles and primary amides from alcohols and ammonia by a heterogeneous Cu‐catalyzed aerobic oxidation process is reported. The optimal catalyst for this synthesis is based on supported copper oxide‐nanoparticles, which are prepared by the impregnation and pyrolysis of simple copper nitrate on carbon. Applying these reusable nanoparticles, various simple, substituted, and functionalized aromatic, heterocyclic, and aliphatic nitriles are synthesized starting from inexpensive and easily accessible alcohols and ammonia in the presence of air. In addition, the synthesis of selected primary amides in a water medium is also performed using these Cu nanoparticles.
Measuring the black hole spin direction in 3D Cartesian numerical relativity simulations

We show that the so-called flat-space rotational Killing vector method for measuring the Cartesian components of a black hole spin can be derived from the surface integral of Weinberg's pseudotensor over the apparent horizon surface when using Gaussian normal coordinates in the integration. Moreover, the integration of the pseudotensor in this gauge yields the Komar angular momentum integral in a foliation adapted to the axisymmetry of the spacetime. As a result, the method does not explicitly depend on the evolved lapse $\alpha$ and shift $\beta^i$ on the respective timeslice, as they are fixed to Gaussian normal coordinates, while leaving the coordinate labels of the spatial metric $\gamma_{ij}$ and the extrinsic curvature $K_{ij}$ unchanged. Such gauge fixing endows the method with coordinate invariance, which is not present in integral expressions using Weinberg's pseudotensor, as they normally rely on the explicit use of Cartesian coordinates.
Accuracy of PurePulse photoplethysmography technology of Fitbit Charge 2 for assessment of heart rate during sleep

ABSTRACT Elevated asleep heart rate (HR) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and other-cause morbidity and mortality. We assessed the accuracy of Fitbit Inc. PurePulse® photoplethysmography with reference to three-lead electrocardiography (ECG) in determining HR during sleep. HR of 35 (17 female) healthy adults 25.1 ± 10.6 years of age (mean ± SD) was continuously recorded throughout a single night of sleep. There was no significant difference in asleep HR mean (0.09 beats per minute [bpm], P = 0.426) between Fitbit photoplethysmography and ECG; plus, there was excellent intraclass correlation (0.998) and narrow Bland–Altman agreement range (2.67 bpm). The regression analysis of Bland–Altman plot of mean asleep HR indicates Fitbit tends to slightly overestimate reference values in the lower range of HR (HR < 50 bpm) by 0.51 bpm and slightly underestimate reference values in the higher range of HR (HR > 80 bpm) by 0.63 bpm. Mixed model analysis of epoch-by-epoch (5-min epochs) asleep HR showed significant “U” shape trend (P < 0.001) in amount of Fitbit error (absolute amount of difference between ECG and Fitbit values regardless of overestimation or underestimation) in regard to HR, i.e. smaller error in the medium range of HR (60–80 bpm) and slightly larger error for lower (<60 bpm) and higher (>80 bpm) ranges of HR. However, effect of age, body mass index, gender, and subjective sleep quality measured by Pittsburgh sleep quality index (good/poor sleepers) on error in estimating HR by the Fitbit method was not significant. It is concluded that Fitbit photoplethysmography suitably tracks HR during sleep in healthy young adults.
Enrichment of Doogh with Olive Leaf Extract and Investigation of Its Physicochemical, Microbial, and Sensory Properties during Storage at Room Temperature and Refrigerator

Doogh is a popular Iranian drink with high nutritional value and in recent years has attracted the attention of many consumers. Nowadays, the problems caused by malnutrition and lack of useful compounds with high nutritional value and increasing shelf life are essential in the food industry. This research was performed in Shirin Cheshmeh Dairy Production Company and all experiments were performed in the Food Control Laboratory of the Food and Drug Administration, Guilan University of Medical Sciences. In this study, olive leaf extract was added to doogh at five levels of zero, 0.2, 0.5, 1, and 2% and stored for 45 days, its physicochemical, microbial, and sensory properties at two refrigerators at 2°C and room temperature 25 ° C were evaluated. Sampling was analyzed on days 0, 15, 30, and 45 days in 3 replications with Duncan's statistical analysis. The effect of using different treatments and storage time on most characteristics showed a significant difference. This study showed that the effect of olive leaf extract on the pH, mold, and yeast of the treatments is decreasing and the percentage of acidity and serum volume is increasing. According to the hedonic method, the acceptability of treatment 2 on the 15th day of maintenance was higher. In general, according to the results, it can be said that the production of useful products with plant compounds can promote an effective step to produce and design useful drinks in the consumer market and food industry factories.
The relativistic 'looks' of a neutron star

La deflexion de la lumiere par des corps massifs est un effet de la relativite generale d'une importance non negligeable dans le cas du rayonnement RX emis par les etoiles a neutrons. Une representation graphique de cet effet est donnee pour mieux visualiser les consequences astrophysiques de cette deflexion
Spin and charge fluctuations in strongly correlated systems

Spin and charge are two fundamental degrees of freedom in strongly correlated electron systems. In this thesis we study low-energy effective theory and phase transitions of spin and charge in a variety of strongly correlated systems. First, we study effective theory of magnetic phase transition in Sp(4) spin system and iron-based superconductors. Quantum phase transitions beyond Landau paradigm has been proposed in SU(2) spin model. We generalize this paradigm to Sp(4) model, which can be realized using spin2 cold atoms on optical lattice. In iron-based superconductors, we study low-energy effective theory for magnetic and structural phase transitions, and present a global phase diagram of the two phase transitions. Second, we study spin and charge fluctuations on triangular lattice, and compare our results with experiments on organic Mott insulator κ-(ET)2(CN)2. We show that the spin liquid state observed in experiments can be explained by Z2 spin liquid theory which contains spin2 spinon and Z2 vison excitations. We also argue that near the Mott-insulator-to-metal transition there are fractionalized spinless charge excitations, which form exciton bound states near the transition. At last, we study spin and charge excitations in high-Tc cuprates. We describe fluctuating two-dimensional metallic antiferromagnets by a gauge-theoretic description of an ‘algebraic charge liquid’ involving spinless fermions and a spin S = 1/2 complex scalar. We propose a phenomenological effective lattice Hamiltonian which describes the binding of these particles into gauge-neutral, electron-like excitations, and describe its implications for the electron spectral function across the entire Brillouin zone. We discuss connections of our results to photoemission experiments in the pseudogap regime of the cuprate superconductors.
Likelihood INference for Discretely Observed Non-linear Diffusions

This paper is concerned with the Bayesian estimation of non-linear stochastic differential equations when only discrete observations are available. The estimation is carried out using a tuned MCMC method, in particular a blcked Metropolis-Hastings algorithm, by introducing auxiliary points and by using the Euler-Maruyama discretisation scheme. Techniques for computing the likelihood function, the marginal likelihood and diagnostic measures (all based on the MCMC output) are presented.
Setmelanotide: A Novel Targeted Treatment for Monogenic Obesity

Objective: To review clinical data regarding the newly approved drug setmelanotide, an injectable melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) agonist, for chronic weight management in adults and children aged 6 years and older with monogenic obesity. Data Sources: A literature review was performed by searching MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and EMBASE for all relevant English-language articles published between January 1, 1996, and November 30, 2021, using search terms obesity, setmelanotide, Imcivree, and MC4R agonist. Study Selection/Data Extraction: This review included two phase 2, two phase 3, and one ongoing clinical trial evaluating the efficacy and/or safety of setmelanotide. Data Synthesis: Setmelanotide demonstrates statistically significant weight loss with at least a 10% decrease in body weight after 1 year and decreased appetite in phase 2 and phase 3 clinical trials. The most common adverse effects included injection site reaction (96%), skin hyperpigmentation (78%), nausea (56%), headache (41%), and diarrhea (37%). Place in Therapy: Setmelanotide is the first and only Food and Drug Administration–approved medication for the treatment of proopiomelanocortin, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1, and leptin receptor deficiency in patients with obesity. It may be used in children and adults who have received genetic testing and exhibited extreme obesity before age five. Setmelanotide is a daily subcutaneous injection and may be difficult to afford for patients. Conclusion: Setmelanotide is an effective treatment in patients with obesity and indicated genetic disorders.
Insulin-Lowering Diets in Metastatic Cancer

Hyperinsulinemia is an independent risk factor for cancer mortality. Insulin-lowering dietary strategies such as calorie restriction (CR), low-carbohydrate or ketogenic diets (KD), and intermittent fasting (IF) are aimed at reducing systemic stores of nutrients utilized by cancer cells, attenuating insulin-related growth signaling, and improving obesity-related metabolic parameters. In this narrative review, we searched the published literature for studies that tested various insulin-lowering diets in metastatic cancer in preclinical and clinical settings. A total of 23 studies were identified. Of these, 14 were preclinical studies of dietary strategies that demonstrated improvements in insulin levels, inhibition of metastasis, and/or reduction in metastatic disease burden in animal models. The remaining nine clinical studies tested carbohydrate restriction, KD, or IF strategies which appear to be safe and feasible in patients with metastatic cancer. These approaches have also been shown to improve serum insulin and other metabolic parameters. Though promising, the anti-cancer efficacy of these interventions, such as impact on tumor response, disease-specific-, and overall survival, have not yet been conclusively demonstrated. Studies that are adequately powered to evaluate whether insulin-lowering diets improve cancer outcomes are warranted.
Feature-Based Generalized Gaussian Distribution Method for NLoS Detection in Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Indoor Positioning System

Nonline-of-sight (NLoS) propagation condition is a crucial factor affecting the precision of the localization in the ultra-wideband (UWB) indoor positioning system (IPS). Numerous supervised machine learning (ML) approaches have been applied for the NLoS identification to improve the accuracy of the IPS. However, it is difficult for existing ML approaches to maintain a high classification accuracy when the database contains a small number of NLoS signals and a large number of line-of-sight (LoS) signals. The inaccurate localization of the target node caused by this small number of NLoS signals can still be problematic. To solve this issue, we propose feature-based Gaussian distribution (GD) and generalized GD (GGD) NLoS detection algorithms. By employing our detection algorithm for the imbalanced dataset, a classification accuracy of 96.7% and 98.0% can be achieved. We also compared the proposed algorithm with the existing cutting edge, such as support vector machine (SVM), decision tree (DT), naïve Bayes (NB), and neural network (NN), which can achieve an accuracy of 92.6%, 92.8%, 93.2%, and 95.5%, respectively. The results demonstrate that the GGD algorithm can achieve high classification accuracy with the imbalanced dataset. Finally, the proposed algorithm can also achieve a higher classification accuracy for different ratios of LoS and NLoS signals, which proves the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed method.
A Permanent Magnet Brushless Doubly Fed Electric Machine for Variable-Speed Constant-Frequency Wind Turbines

A permanent magnet (PM) brushless doubly fed electric machine is presented in this article. This machine is developed for variable-speed constant-frequency (VSCF) wind energy generation applications. Differing from conventional doubly fed electric machines based on induction machines, a PM rotor provides the magnetic field excitations for both the control winding and the power winding in the presented machine. The operating principle of the presented machine for the VSCF operation is revealed in detail. Compared to a counterpart machine, the presented machine exhibits significantly improved back-electromotive force, torque/power density, torque per magnet volume, efficiency, etc. Finally, a proof-of-concept prototype of the presented machine is fabricated, and the corresponding experimental results are provided to verify the fact that the presented machine is capable of achieving the VSCF function.
Filter-PCA-Based Process Monitoring and Defect Identification During Climbing Helium Arc Welding Process Using DE-SVM

In-process defect detection for climbing helium arc welding of aluminum alloy is challenging due to the highly complex nature of the heat and mass transfer process. This article presents a process monitoring and defects identification method for weld quality monitoring during climbing helium arc welding based on molten pool visual sensing. High contrast molten pool images were acquired by the designed passive vision sensor. Then, an image processing algorithm based on Otsu's method and visual saliency features was proposed to extract multiregion features from the acquired images in real-time. An optimal feature subset selection approach based on filter and principal component analysis (Filter-PCA) was developed to select the components related to welding defects. Finally, a novel prediction model using Filter-PCA and the SVM based on differential evolution algorithm (DE-SVM) was established to identify undercut weld, snake-like weld, and sound weld. The experiment results obtained in the actual production line of 2219 aluminum alloy rocket propellent tank show that the proposed method is remarkably effective and robust. This research provides a technical approach for early identification and early warning of defects during climbing helium arc welding of aluminum alloy. It also provides a basis for stability and online control of weld formation quality under time-varying welding pose.
Survey of Fine-Scale Structure in the Far-Infrared Milky Way

Using the IRAS Infrared Sky Survey Atlas, we have made 60 x 60 deg mosaics of the far-infrared emission in the Milky Way. By applying a median normalizing spatial filter, we were able to eliminate the strong gradient in brightness towards the Galactic midplane. The resulting images reveal a "froth" of superposed filaments, voids, and shells. This fine-scale structure extends all the way down to the Galactic midplane. Moreover, it scales in intensity with the smoothly varying background, independent of latitude, thus indicating that the fine-scale residual emission is co-extensive with the smooth background. We conclude that the fine-scale structure is not merely of local origin, but consists of both nearby and more distant features in the disk. Although we had expected to find morphological evidence for supernova-driven "worms" or "chimneys" rooted in the Galactic plane, our processing shows the FIR fine-scale structure to be more complex (e.g. less coherent and less rooted) as viewed in projection. Analysis of the spatial statistics shows that the FIR fine-scale structure is self-similar with a spatial power-law exponent of -3 and a fractal dimension of 2.5 --- similar behavior to that found in isolated cirrus and molecular clouds. On scales larger than 1.5 deg, the power-law exponent flattens to -2.5, perhaps indicating a change in the characteristic structure. This could be due to different dynamical inputs organizing the small and large-scale structures (e.g. turbulence and diffusion on small scales vs. macroscopic winds and shock fronts on larger scales).
Relativistic 3D precessing jet simulations for the X-ray binary SS433

Context. Modern high resolution observations allow to view closer into the objects powering relativistic jets. This is especially the case for SS433, an X-ray binary from which a precessing jet is observed down to the sub-parsec scale. Aims. We want to study full 3D dynamics of relativistic jets associated with AGN or XRB. We study the precessing motion of a jet as a model for the jet associated with the XRB SS433. Our study of the jet dynamics in this system focuses on the sub-parsec scales. We investigate the impact of jet precession and the variation of the Lorentz factor of the injected matter on the general 3D jet dynamics and its energy transfer to the surrounding medium. We realize synthetic radio mapping of the data, to compare our results with observations. Methods. For our study we use the code MPI-AMRVAC with SRHD model of a baryonic jet. We use a AMR scheme and an inner time-dependent boundary prescription to inject the jets. Parameters extracted from observations were used. 3D jet realizations that match the SS433 jet are intercompared. We track the energy content, as deposited in different regions of the domain affected by the jet. Our code also follows a population of particles injected with the jet. This evolving energy spectrum of accelerated electrons, allows to obtain the radio emission from our simulation. Results. we obtain meaningful observations. We find increased energy transfer for a precessing jet compared to a standing jets. We obtain synthetic radio maps for all jets. Conclusions. The synthetic radio map matches best for a model using the canonical kinematic model. Overdense precessing jets experience significant deceleration in their propagation through the ISM, and while the overall jet is of helical shape. This argument show that the kinematic model for SS433 assuming ballistic propagation has to be corrected for this decelretaion.
Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation in Statin Treated Patients: A Double-Blinded Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial

Myalgia and new-onset of type 2 diabetes have been associated with statin treatment, which both could be linked to reduced coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in skeletal muscle and impaired mitochondrial function. Supplementation with CoQ10 focusing on levels of CoQ10 in skeletal muscle and mitochondrial function has not been investigated in patients treated with statins. To investigate whether concomitant administration of CoQ10 with statins increases the muscle CoQ10 levels and improves the mitochondrial function, and if changes in muscle CoQ10 levels correlate with changes in the intensity of myalgia. 37 men and women in simvastatin therapy with and without myalgia were randomized to receive 400 mg CoQ10 daily or matched placebo tablets for eight weeks. Muscle CoQ10 levels, mitochondrial respiratory capacity, mitochondrial content (using citrate synthase activity as a biomarker), and production of reactive oxygen species were measured before and after CoQ10 supplementation, and intensity of myalgia was determined using the 10 cm visual analogue scale. Muscle CoQ10 content and mitochondrial function were unaltered by CoQ10 supplementation. Individual changes in muscle CoQ10 levels were not correlated with changes in intensity of myalgia. CoQ10 supplementation had no effect on muscle CoQ10 levels or mitochondrial function and did not affect symptoms of myalgia.