Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing the role of primary healthy microglia and gap junction blocker in hindering Alzheimer’s disease neuroinflammatory type: Early approaches for therapeutic intervention

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a predominantly heterogeneous disease with a highly complex pathobiology. The presence of amyloid-beta (Aβ) depositions and the accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein remain the characteristic hallmarks of AD. These hallmarks can be detected throughout the brain and other regions, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the spinal cord. Microglia cells, the brain-resident macrophage type of the brain, are implicated in maintaining healthy brain homeostasis. The localized administration of primary healthy microglia (PHM) is suggested to play a role in mitigating AD hallmark depositions and associated cognitive dysfunction. Carbenoxolone (CBX) is the most common gap junction blocker. It cannot effectively cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) under systemic administration. Therefore, localized administration of CBX may be a recommended intervention against AD by acting as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. This study aims to determine whether the localized intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of PHM and CBX may act as an effective therapeutic intervention for AD neuroinflammatory type. In addition, this study also aims to reveal whether detecting AD hallmarks in the spinal cord and CSF can be considered functional and effective during AD early diagnosis. Male albino rats were divided into four groups: control (group 1), lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced AD neuroinflammatory type (group 2), ICV injection of LPS + isolated PHM (group 3), and ICV injection of LPS + CBX (group 4). Morris water maze (MWM) was conducted to evaluate spatial working memory. The brain and spinal cord were isolated from each rat with the collection of CSF. Our findings demonstrate that the localized administration of PHM and CBX can act as promising therapeutic approaches against AD. Additionally, Aβ and tau toxic aggregates were detected in the spinal cord and the CSF of the induced AD model concomitant with the brain tissues. Overall, it is suggested that the ICV administration of PHM and CBX can restore normal brain functions and alleviate AD hallmark depositions. Detecting these depositions in the spinal cord and CSF may be considered in AD early diagnosis. As such, conducting clinical research is recommended to reveal the benefits of related therapeutic approaches compared with preclinical findings.
Measuring depression in Primary Health Care in Spain: Psychometric properties and diagnostic accuracy of HSCL-5 and HSCL-10

Background Depression has a high prevalence among European countries. Several instruments have been designed to assess its symptoms in different populations. The Hopkins Symptom Checklist 25 (HSCL-25) scale has been identified as valid, reproducible, effective, and easy to use. There are short versions of this scale that could be useful in Primary Care (PC) settings, but their psychometric properties are unknown. Aim To assess in PC patients the psychometric properties and diagnostic accuracy of the Spanish version of the HSCL-10 and the HSCL-5 consisting of 10 and 5 items, respectively. Methods A multicenter, cross-sectional study was carried out at six PC centers in Spain. The HSCL-25 was administered to outpatients aged 45–75 who also participated in the structured Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). HSCL-10 and HSCL-5 were assessed and compared to HSCL-25 regarding total score correlation, internal consistency, and criterion validity against the gold-standard CIDI. This is a methodological study from a secondary data analysis and the primary data has been previously published. Results Out of 790 patients, 767 completed the HSCL-25 and 736 the CIDI interview (96.0%). Cronbach’s Alpha was 0.84 for HSCL-10 and 0.77 for HSCL-5. The known-group method and confirmatory factor analysis were acceptable for the establishment of construct validity. Sensitivity was 79.7% (CI95%, 67.7–88.0%) for HSCL-10, and 78.0% (CI95%, 65.9–86.6%) for HSCL-5, whereas specificity was 83% (CI95%, 80.0–85.7%) for HSCL-10, and 72.8% (CI95%, 69.3–76.0%) for HSCL-5. Area under the curve against CIDI was 0.88 (CI95%, 0.84–0.92%) for HSCL-10, and 0.85 (CI95%, 0.81–0.89%) for HSCL-5. Optimum cutoff point calculated with Youden Index was 1.90 for the HSCL-10 and 1.80 for the HSCL-5. Conclusion HSCL-10 and HSCL-5 are reliable and valid tools to detect depression symptoms and can be used in PC settings.
Biological properties and surgical applications of the human amniotic membrane

The amniotic membrane (AM) is the inner part of the placenta. It has been used therapeutically for the last century. The biological proprieties of AM include immunomodulatory, anti-scarring, anti-microbial, pro or anti-angiogenic (surface dependent), and tissue growth promotion. Because of these, AM is a functional tissue for the treatment of different pathologies. The AM is today part of the treatment for various conditions such as wounds, ulcers, burns, adhesions, and skin injury, among others, with surgical resolution. This review focuses on the current surgical areas, including gynecology, plastic surgery, gastrointestinal, traumatology, neurosurgery, and ophthalmology, among others, that use AM as a therapeutic option to increase the success rate of surgical procedures. Currently there are articles describing the mechanisms of action of AM, some therapeutic implications and the use in surgeries of specific surgical areas, this prevents knowing the therapeutic response of AM when used in surgeries of different organs or tissues. Therefore, we described the use of AM in various surgical specialties along with the mechanisms of action, helping to improve the understanding of the therapeutic targets and achieving an adequate perspective of the surgical utility of AM with a particular emphasis on regenerative medicine.
Policy Gradient using Weak Derivatives for Reinforcement Learning

This paper considers policy search in continuous state-action reinforcement learning problems. Typically, one computes search directions using a classic expression for the policy gradient called the Policy Gradient Theorem, which decomposes the gradient of the value function into two factors: the score function and the Q−function. This paper presents four results: (i) an alternative policy gradient theorem using weak (measure-valued) derivatives instead of score-function is established; (ii) the stochastic gradient estimates thus derived are shown to be unbiased and to yield algorithms that converge almost surely to stationary points of the non-convex value function of the reinforcement learning problem; (iii) the sample complexity of the algorithm is derived and is shown to be O(1/ k); (iv) finally, the expected variance of the gradient estimates obtained using weak derivatives is shown to be lower than those obtained using the popular score-function approach. Experiments on OpenAI gym pendulum environment illustrate the superior performance of the proposed algorithm.
A weakening-healing law to simulate stick-slip behavior of rock joint and the associated seismicity

The variation of frictional strength of asperities is one of the fundamental mechanisms that govern earthquake cycles. The rate - and - state friction (RSF) law has been widely employed to explain earthquake phenomena. In RSF, the frictional strength of fault depends upon the current slipping velocity and the conditions on the slipping surface (i.e., the state), which depends partly on the prior sliding history. In this study, we proposed a simplified weakening-healing law to describe the slip behavior of individual asperity. In the weakening-healing law, the friction strength linearly decreases to the residual value with shear displacement when slip occurs, and immediately recovers to its original value once slip terminates. In the numerical model, a power-law distribution is used to introduce asperity heterogeneity (e.g., size, frictional strength, and stiffness) on a rock joint. A displacement-based moment tensor method is used to calculate the seismic moment during fault slipping. The simulated b-value (magnitude-frequency distribution) and its evolution during stick-slip phases are compared with published experiments. Slip nucleation, growth, coalescence, and the associated spatial-temporal behavior of the simulated seismicity are delineated. Although this preliminary study focuses on simplified conditions (small-scale smooth rock joint sheared under constant normal pressure and shear rate), our method successfully duplicates laboratory observed stick-slip behavior, b-value evolution, slip nucleation process, etc., providing a promising way to mimic more realistic natural earthquake phenomena.
Predicting the geological condition beyond the tunnel excavation face using MSP monitoring data and LSTM algorithm

The ground conditions beyond an excavation face, especially discontinuities in rock masses, have a significant influence on tunnel construction. However, the actual ground conditions observed during tunnel construction are often different from the ground conditions predicted in the geotechnical site explorations carried out in the design stage. Changes in ground conditions may require alterations in tunnel design, leading to substantial disruptions in the construction schedule and budget. In this regard, accurate ground evaluation prior to the design and construction stages are essential for successful tunnel construction projects. Machine learning models have been developed in order to evaluate the condition of rock discontinuities within 50 m of the tunnel face. Machine data (rotational pressure, feed pressure, and drilling (advance) speed) obtained from a large boring hole machine, called MSP, at an NATM construction site in a granite formation located in South Korea were logged, and the actual ground Discontinuity Score (DS) was appraised by analysing internal bore hole images taken after drilling. Then, the LSTM algorithm was applied to develop the machine learning model to determine DS based on the logged machine data. DS was most accurately predicted when the drilling speed was included in the input data, whereas those cases using only the rotational and feed pressure in the input data showed low prediction accuracy. Therefore, the drilling speed seems to have a higher correlation than hydraulic pressure with regard to ground conditions, including discontinuities. Once additional data is collected from various tunnel sites, the machine learning model could be further enhanced to become more robust and provide solutions to various engineering problems.
A Temperature Scale for Tungsten

Temperature variation of the resistance of tungsten from 273\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K to 3655\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. ---In the range from 273\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K to 1500\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K measurements were made of the resistance of coils of pure, well-aged, tungsten filaments (diam. 2.61 mils) placed in the center of a constant temperature compartment of an alundum resistance furnace through which a stream of pure dry hydrogen was continuously passed. Temperatures were measured by a carefully standardized chromelalumel thermocouple. In the range 1200\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K to 3655\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K tungsten filaments (V shape, length 40-50 cm, diam. 2.61, 5.00 and 9.85 mils) were mounted in lamp bulbs and their resistances measured. Temperatures were determined by pyrometering against a standard lamp. The specific resistance of tungsten was found to vary from 5.00\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ ohm cm at 273\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K to 117.1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ at 3655\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K.Temperature variation of the rate of radiation from tungsten filaments. ---Lamps of the above type were also used to determine the variation with temperature of the energy radiated per ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ of the tungsten filaments. Temperatures from 300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K to 1500\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K were measured by the resistance method, from 1500\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K to 3655\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K by the optical pyrometer. The rate of radiation varied from.000016 watts/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ at 300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K to 399.4 at 3655\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K.
Testing the Normality Assumption in the Tobit Model

This paper examines a number of statistics that have been proposed to test the normality assumption in the tobit (censored regression) model. It argues that a number of commonly proposed statistics can be interpreted as different versions of the Lagrange multiplier, or score, test for a common null hypothesis. This observation is useful in examining the Monte Carlo results presented in the paper. The Monte Carlo results suggest that the computational convenience of a number of statistics is obtained at the cost of poor finite sample performance under the null hypothesis.
Bonding constraints and defect formation at interfaces between crystalline silicon and advanced single layer and composite gate dielectrics

An increasingly important issue in semiconductor device physics is understanding of how departures from ideal bonding at silicon–dielectric interfaces generate electrically active defects that limit performance and reliability. Building on previously established criteria for formation of low defect density glasses, constraint theory is extended to crystalline silicon–dielectric interfaces that go beyond Si–SiO2 through development of a model that quantifies average bonding coordination at these interfaces. This extension is validated by application to interfaces between Si and stacked silicon oxide/nitride dielectrics demonstrating that as in bulk glasses and thin films, an average coordination, Nav, greater than three yields increasing defective interfaces.
Quantum Index Theory: Relations between Quantum Phase and Quantum Number

This paper extends the index theory originally valid only for classical nonlinear systems to quantum mechanical systems. Based on the Hamilton quantum mechanics, probabilistic behavior described by a wavefunction ·φ(χ) can be represented equivalently by nonlinear, complex-valued Hamilton equations of motion, from which we can identify fixed points, evaluate their indices and derive quantum index theory. Three quantum indices are discovered for quantum systems. The momentum index nj( counting the net change of the momentum phase is the counterpart of the classical index and is an indication of whether a quantum trajectory is closed. The wavefunction index ηψ counting the net change of the wavefunction phase, called Berry's geometrical phase, is responsible for the Aharonov-Bohm effect and for the Wilson-Sommerfeld quantization law. The combined index n ,̂, = nf + ηψ counts the net phase change of the wavefunction derivative -φ'. Apart from their geometric meanings, it is pointed out here that the three indices, np, n^ and n^, act as quantum numbers to represent quantization levels, respectively, for the kinetic energy EL, the quantum potential energy Q and the combined energy EL + Q.
Interpreting ultrasonic pulse velocities and elastic properties of lac du bonnet granite under compression

The measurement of ultrasonic velocities in rock core is a straightforward, non-destructive, economic method to estimate rock material properties conducted by emitting high frequency acoustic waves through the rock core. The velocities of compressional and shear waves (P- and S-waves, respectively) are influenced by the unique microstructural characteristics of the rock. Once wave velocities and bulk density for each sample have been determined, the dynamic elastic material constants such as Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and shear modulus can be calculated. In theory, it is expected that the dynamic properties would be similar to the static properties calculated in uniaxial compression strength (UCS) tests. In UCS tests, elastic parameters are estimated using stress-strain relationships at approximately 50% of the peak strength. However, dynamic properties from the UPV method often do not match static properties. In this study, dynamic testing of the rock core is completed under two broad stress conditions: no compression and axial compression (UCS). This allows for a direct comparison between dynamic UPV testing data, and static data, and should produce a closer match between the dynamic and static testing data when dynamic UPV testing is conducted under stress conditions similar to the static testing stress state.
The wavelength-dependent characteristic of the floating-reference point in the non-invasive glucose sensing

In the noninvasive blood glucose sensing using near-infrared spectroscopy, the physiological noise was one of the biggest challenges. In order to efficiently reduce the influence of the physiological background variations on the diffuse reflectance spectra, the floating-reference method was used by differentially processing two signals from reference point and measuring point. In this paper, the wavelength-dependent characteristic of the floating-reference point was discussed by simulation and primary experiment. First, the wavelength-dependent characteristic of intralipid- 5% solution was investigated in the wavelength range of 1300-1600nm. And source-detector distance for reference point in the wavelength of 1300nm was conducted by different concentration of scatter media including 2%, 5% and 10% intralipid solution. Then the single-layer and three layers skin model were built to investigate the wavelength characteristic of reference point. The water displacement coefficients and relative large change in glucose concentration were considered in the simulation. Finally, the primary experiment of intralipid model was conducted to validate the wavelength dependence of reference point. The result showed that, the floating reference will not exist in the strong absorption region (near 1450nm) and the region where the change of absorption coefficient is positive (high than 1525nm) due to the corporate influence of scattering and absorption coefficient. And the wavelength-dependent characteristic is consistent for intralipid solution and the skin model.
Group-velocity-matched interactions in hollow waveguides: Enhanced high-order Raman scattering by impulsively excited molecular vibrations

We demonstrate that the mode dispersion of gas-filled waveguides can be used to match group velocities of guided laser pulses. The synchronism is attained by balancing normal dispersion of the gas with geometry-dependent negative waveguide dispersion. By applying this approach to the process of Raman sideband generation in an impulsively excited SF 6 , a multifold increase in the scattering efficiency was achieved, with the number of generated phase-locked Raman components sufficient to approach the attosecond regime of optical-field synthesis.
Technology Acceptance Model on Internship Placement Recommendation System Based on Naïve Bayes

The application of internship has several obstacles that can lead to the possibility of failure to achieve the objectives of the internship itself. Some barriers to internship are inaccuracies in the placement, imbalance between students’ abilities and industrial needs. In this study, an Internship Information System (Siprakerin) was developed to overcome the problem of technical internalization that arises by predicting the accuracy of industry selection using the Naïve Bayes classification method. System accuracy that has been obtained is 80%. This study will examine the behavior of Siprakerin users based on the factors that influence them with the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) approach. Based on the results of the analysis it is known that there is an influence of Perceived Ease of Use on Perceived Usefulness of 89%, while the influence of Perceived Ease of Use and Perceived Usefulness on Attitude Toward Using is 88.8%. It is also known that the effect of Perceived Usefulness and Attitude Toward Using on Behavioral Intention to Use is 91.7%. And there was a Behavioral Intention to Use effect on Actual System Usage of 92.6%.
A Retrospective Claims Database Study to Clarify Disease Burden of Severe Asthma Patients with Type 2 High or Low Inflammation

Purpose The disease burden of severe asthma patients stratified by type 2 (T2) biomarkers is not well studied in large patient samples, especially for T2-low severe asthma patients. Using a Japanese medical record database, we investigated disease and economic burdens in T2-high and T2-low severe asthma patients. Patients and Methods Data of severe asthma patients (receiving high-dose inhaled corticosteroids and additional asthma-related controller medications or oral corticosteroids [OCS] prescription [≥183 days] during the 1-year baseline period) were analyzed in the Real World Data database, comprising electronic medical records from Japanese medical institutions. Severe asthma patients were stratified into a T2-high population with higher eosinophils (≥150 cells/μL) and/or higher total immunoglobulin E (IgE, ≥75 IU/mL) or a T2-low population with lower eosinophils (<150 cells/μL) and lower total IgE (<75 IU/mL). The incidence of asthma exacerbation events and drug costs were analyzed for each population. Different T2 thresholds were explored, including eosinophil count 300 cells/μL and/or IgE 150 IU/mL. Results Of the 732 severe asthma patients, 599 (81.8%) patients had T2-high type, and 133 (18.2%) had T2-low type. Proportions of the T2-high patients (30.6%) with asthma exacerbations, defined as a composite outcome, including OCS burst, injectable steroid use, and hospitalization, were similar to those of T2-low type (34.6%). The annual drug cost was similar between T2-high (175,487 JPY) and T2-low (165,322 JPY) populations. Conclusion In this large-scale study, both T2-high and T2-low severe asthma patients in Japan were shown to have a high disease burden and high economic burden, suggesting an unmet treatment need.