Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adenosine Receptor mRNA Expression in Frontal Cortical Neurons in Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a devastating neuropsychiatric disorder associated with the dysregulation of glutamate and dopamine neurotransmitter systems. The adenosine system is an important neuroregulatory system in the brain that modulates glutamate and dopamine signaling via the ubiquitously expressed adenosine receptors; however, adenosine A1 and A2A receptor (A1R and A2AR) mRNA expression is poorly understood in specific cell subtypes in the frontal cortical brain regions implicated in this disorder. In this study, we assayed A1R and A2AR mRNA expression via qPCR in enriched populations of pyramidal neurons, which were isolated from postmortem anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) tissue from schizophrenia (n = 20) and control (n = 20) subjects using laser microdissection (LMD). A1R expression was significantly increased in female schizophrenia subjects compared to female control subjects (t(13) = −4.008, p = 0.001). A1R expression was also significantly decreased in female control subjects compared to male control subjects, suggesting sex differences in basal A1R expression (t(17) = 2.137, p = 0.047). A significant, positive association was found between dementia severity (clinical dementia rating (CDR) scores) and A2AR mRNA expression (Spearman’s r = 0.424, p = 0.009). A2AR mRNA expression was significantly increased in unmedicated schizophrenia subjects, suggesting that A2AR expression may be normalized by chronic antipsychotic treatment (F(1,14) = 9.259, p = 0.009). Together, these results provide novel insights into the neuronal expression of adenosine receptors in the ACC in schizophrenia and suggest that receptor expression changes may be sex-dependent and associated with cognitive decline in these subjects.
Rutile to tourmaline index – a tool for the recognition of the hydrodynamics of the depositional environment; a case study from the Campanian Szozdy Delta System, SE Poland

: Cyglicki, M. and Remin, Z. 2023. Rutile to tourmaline index – a tool for the recognition of the hydrodynamics of the depositional environment; a case study form the Campanian Szozdy Delta System, SE Poland. Acta Geologica Polonica , 73 (4), 833–851. Warszawa. The newly discovered mid-Campanian Szozdy Delta System (Roztocze Hills, SE Poland) located in the southern part of the Polish Cretaceous Basin, at the northern edge of the Łysogóry-Dobrogea Land, has revealed interesting features concerning the relationship between the abundance of rutile and tourmaline. A distinct inverse relationship between rutile and tourmaline can be readily recognised in the succeeding units of the tripartite cyclothems (calcareous mudstone, calcareous sandstone, and calcareous gaize) representing the submarine part of the Szozdy Delta System. In the Szozdy section, both minerals are of similar shape (highly rounded), durability, and size; they are, however, characterised by markedly different densities. Therefore, it might be expected that these two mineral phases will be strongly dependent, both vertically and spatially, on the local energy of the sedimentary environment hydrodynamic power that existed during the deposition of the succeeding units of the cyclothems. The lighter tourmaline was likely transported further to the more quiescent prodelta environment, rendering the prodelta facies overrepresented in this mineral, whereas the heavier rutile was deposited closer to the river discharge. Such relative change in the abundance of these two mineral phases, emphasised by a standardised Z-score statistics, is referred here to as rutile to tourmaline index (RuTidx). Accordingly, as the RuTidx increases, the hydrodynamic power in the sedimentary environment increases as well. Since these two mineral phases are comparatively immune to alteration during the sedimentary cycle, the RuTidx is considered here to be an independent tool in recognising the hydrodynamics of the depositional environments of any age.
Miniaturized Laminated Resonator Antenna Array Loaded With Periodic Irises in LTCC

A miniaturized laminated resonator antenna (LRA) array with periodic irises is proposed in this article. By means of the distinguished slow wave property of the periodic iris-loaded waveguide (IWG), a compact LRA element with a dimension of only <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.36\lambda _{0} \times 0.26\lambda _{0} \times 0.08\lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is designed, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the wavelength in the free space at 60 GHz. The small transverse size makes it possible to construct an antenna array with the element spacing of less than <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.5\lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, which is rather beneficial to the scanning arrays and multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) systems. For demonstration, a series-fed <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1\times6$ </tex-math></inline-formula> antenna array in the E-plane with the element spacing of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.38\lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is designed and fabricated with the low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) process. The measured relative impedance bandwidth is 9.2% (from 56.3 to 61.8 GHz). The measured peak gain and 3-dB gain bandwidth are 10.6 dBi and 5.3 GHz, respectively. Furthermore, the scanning arrays are fabricated to demonstrate the scanning performance, with an element spacing of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.45\lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in the H-plane. They support a measured maximum scanning angle of 43° while the gain drop is within 2.5 dB.
An interactive image segmentation method for the anatomical structures of the main olfactory bulb with micro-level resolution

The main olfactory bulb is the key element of the olfactory pathway of rodents. To precisely dissect the neural pathway in the main olfactory bulb (MOB), it is necessary to construct the three-dimensional morphologies of the anatomical structures within it with micro-level resolution. However, the construction remains challenging due to the complicated shape of the anatomical structures in the main olfactory bulb and the high resolution of micro-optical images. To address these issues, we propose an interactive volume image segmentation method with micro-level resolution in the horizontal and axial direction. Firstly, we obtain the initial location of the anatomical structures by manual annotation and design a patch-based neural network to learn the complex texture feature of the anatomical structures. Then we randomly sample some patches to predict by the trained network and perform an annotation reconstruction based on intensity calculation to get the final location results of the anatomical structures. Our experiments were conducted using Nissl-stained brain images acquired by the Micro-optical sectioning tomography (MOST) system. Our method achieved a mean dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 81.8% and obtain the best segmentation performance. At the same time, the experiment shows the three-dimensional morphology reconstruction results of the anatomical structures in the main olfactory bulb are smooth and consistent with their natural shapes, which addresses the possibility of constructing three-dimensional morphologies of the anatomical structures in the whole brain.
New Score for Predicting Results after Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation: VAT-DHF

Introduction: Catheter ablation (CA) for atrial fibrillation (AF) has been proven to have the highest efficacy in maintaining sinus rhythm. Several studies have proposed different scores for predicting post-procedural success, but most have not been validated in prospective cohorts. Further research is required to determine the optimal formulae. Purpose: This study aimed to identify independent predictors of AF recurrence after CA and develop a composite score. Methods: Consecutive patients with persistent and paroxysmal AF who underwent CA were retrospectively analyzed. The independent predictors of recurrence were used to create a new predictive score. Results: The cohort included 263 patients with a follow-up of 37.6 ± 23.4 months. Persistent AF, f-waves < 0.1 mV, indexed left atrium volume, the presence of type 2 diabetes, and smaller height were independent predictors of recurrence and were used to create a new scoring model, VAT-DHF (V = Volume, AT = AF Type, D = Diabetes, H = Height, F = f waves). The ROC curve for this new score showed an AUC of 0.869, p < 0.0001, 95% CI [0.802–0.936], while those for APPLE and CHA2DS2-VASc showed an AUC of 0.765, 95% CI [0.637–0.893] and an AUC of 0.655, 95% CI [0.580–0.730], respectively. Patients who had a VAT-DHF score between 0 and 3.25, 3.25 and 6, and ≥6, had success rates of 95.7%, 76.3%, and 25% (p < 0.0001), respectively. Conclusions: The novel VAT-DHF score is easy to calculate and may be a useful clinical tool for identifying patients with a low, intermediate, or high risk of AF recurrence after CA.
RNA-Seq Analysis of Trans-Differentiated ARPE-19 Cells Transduced by AAV9-AIPL1 Vectors

Inherited retinal disorders (IRD) have become a primary focus of gene therapy research since the success of adeno-associated virus-based therapeutics (voretigene neparvovec-rzyl) for Leber congenital amaurosis type 2 (LCA2). Dozens of monogenic IRDs could be potentially treated with a similar approach using an adeno-associated virus (AAV) to transfer a functional gene into the retina. Here, we present the results of the design, production, and in vitro testing of the AAV serotype 9 (AAV9) vector carrying the codon-optimized (co) copy of aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein like-1 (AIPL1) as a possible treatment for LCA4. The pAAV-AIPL1co was able to successfully transduce retinal pigment epithelium cells (ARPE-19) and initiate the expression of human AIPL1. Intriguingly, cells transduced with AAV9-AIPL1co showed much less antiviral response than AAV9-AIPL1wt (wild-type AIPL1) transduced. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of trans-differentiated ARPE-19 cells transduced with AAV9-AIPL1co demonstrated significant differences in the expression of genes involved in the innate immune response. In contrast, AAV9-AIPL1wt induced the prominent activation of multiple interferon-stimulated genes. The key part of the possible regulatory molecular mechanism is the activation of dsRNA-responsive antiviral oligoadenylate synthetases, and a significant increase in the level of histone coding genes’ transcripts overrepresented in RNA-seq data (i.e., H1, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4). The RNA-seq data suggests that AAV9-AIPL1co exhibiting less immunogenicity than AAV9-AIPL1wt can be used for potency testing, using relevant animal models to develop future therapeutics for LCA4.
Antibiotic adjuvants: synergistic tool to combat multi-drug resistant pathogens

The rise of multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens poses a significant challenge to the field of infectious disease treatment. To overcome this problem, novel strategies are being explored to enhance the effectiveness of antibiotics. Antibiotic adjuvants have emerged as a promising approach to combat MDR pathogens by acting synergistically with antibiotics. This review focuses on the role of antibiotic adjuvants as a synergistic tool in the fight against MDR pathogens. Adjuvants refer to compounds or agents that enhance the activity of antibiotics, either by potentiating their effects or by targeting the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. The utilization of antibiotic adjuvants offers several advantages. Firstly, they can restore the effectiveness of existing antibiotics against resistant strains. Adjuvants can inhibit the mechanisms that confer resistance, making the pathogens susceptible to the action of antibiotics. Secondly, adjuvants can enhance the activity of antibiotics by improving their penetration into bacterial cells, increasing their stability, or inhibiting efflux pumps that expel antibiotics from bacterial cells. Various types of antibiotic adjuvants have been investigated, including efflux pump inhibitors, resistance-modifying agents, and compounds that disrupt bacterial biofilms. These adjuvants can act synergistically with antibiotics, resulting in increased antibacterial activity and overcoming resistance mechanisms. In conclusion, antibiotic adjuvants have the potential to revolutionize the treatment of MDR pathogens. By enhancing the efficacy of antibiotics, adjuvants offer a promising strategy to combat the growing threat of antibiotic resistance. Further research and development in this field are crucial to harness the full potential of antibiotic adjuvants and bring them closer to clinical application.
Inhibitory Effects of Sesquiterpenoids Isolated from Artemisia scoparia on Adipogenic Differentiation of 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes

Obesity and related complications are significant health issues in modern society, largely attributed to a sedentary lifestyle and a carbohydrate-rich diet. Since anti-obesity drugs often come with severe side effects, preventative measures are being sought globally, including dietary changes and functional foods that can counteract weight gain. In this context, plant-based metabolites are extensively studied for their advantageous biological effects against obesity. Several plants within the Artemisia genus have been reported to possess anti-adipogenic properties, preventing adipocytes from maturing and accumulating lipids. The present study investigated the anti-adipogenic potential of two sesquiterpenoids, reynosin and santamarine, isolated from A. scoparia in adipose-induced 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Differentiating 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with these isolated compounds displayed fewer adipogenic characteristics compared to untreated mature adipocytes. The results indicated that cells treated with reynosin and santamarine accumulated 55.0% and 52.5% fewer intracellular lipids compared to untreated control adipocytes, respectively. Additionally, the mRNA expression of the key adipogenic marker, transcription factor PPARγ, was suppressed by 87.2% and 91.7% following 60 μM reynosin and santamarine treatment, respectively, in differentiated adipocytes. Protein expression was also suppressed in a similar manner, at 92.7% and 82.5% by 60 μM reynosin and santamarine treatment, respectively. Likewise, SERBP1c and C/EBPα were also downregulated at both gene and protein levels in adipocytes treated with samples during differentiation. Further analysis suggested that the anti-adipogenic effect of the compounds might be a result of AMPK activation and the subsequent suppression of MAPK phosphorylation. Overall, the present study suggested that sesquiterpenoids, reynosin, and santamarine were two potential bioactive compounds with anti-adipogenic properties. Further research is needed to explore other bioactive agents within A. scoparia and elucidate the in vivo action mechanisms of reynosin and santamarine.
Blood lipids, lipid-regulatory medications, and risk of bladder cancer: a Mendelian randomization study

Background The influences of blood lipids and lipid-regulatory medications on the risk of bladder cancer have long been suspected, and previous findings remain controversial. We aimed to assess the causality between blood lipids or lipid-regulatory medications and bladder cancer susceptibility by means of a comprehensive Mendelian Randomization (MR) study. Methods Genetic proxies from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of four blood lipid traits and lipid-lowering variants in genes encoding the targets of lipid-regulatory medications were employed. The largest ever GWAS data of blood lipids and bladder cancer involving up to 440,546 and 205,771 individuals of European ancestry were extracted from UK Biobank and FinnGen Project Round 6, respectively. A two-sample bidirectional MR study was performed using the inverse variance weighted as the main method. The heterogeneity, horizontal pleiotropy, MR Steiger, and leave-one-out analyses were also conducted as sensitivity tests. Results There was indicative evidence that genetically predicted low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) affected bladder cancer susceptibility based on 146 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.776 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.625–0.965, p = 0.022). However, this result became non-significant after two SNPs that possibly drove the effect were removed as demonstrated by leave-one-out analysis. The reversed MR analysis suggested that bladder cancer could not affect serum lipid levels. No causal relationship was found between the lipid-lowering effect of lipid-regulatory medications (fibrates, probucol, statins, ezetimibe, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 [PCSK9] inhibitors, and evinacumab) and the risk of bladder cancer. No heterogeneity or pleiotropy was found (all p > 0.05). Conclusion This MR study revealed for the first time, using the most recent and comprehensive GWAS data to date, that genetically predicted total cholesterol (TC) and the lipid-lowering effect of lipid-regulatory medications had no causal association with bladder cancer susceptibility. We also verified claims from early studies that low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL-C, and triglyceride (TG) are not related to bladder cancer susceptibility either. The current study indicated that lipid metabolism may not be as important in the tumorigenesis of bladder cancer as previously believed.
MEŞE YILLIK HALKA KRONOLOJİLERİ İLE KUZEY EGE VE KUZEYBATI TÜRKİYE'NİN 1089-1989 DÖNEMİNDEKİ PALMER KURAKLIK ŞİDDETİ İNDEKSLERİ VE YAĞIŞININ BÖLGESEL DÜZEYDE YENİDEN OLUŞTURULMASI

Kuzey Ege ve Turkiye'nin kuzeybatisindaki mese agaclarinin yillik halka genisliklerindeki degisimler, bolgede, agac gelisimi icin temel sinirlayici faktor olan Mayis-Haziran yagisinin etkilerini ortaya koyar. Mese kronolojilerinin halka genisliklerindeki degisimler, M.S. 1089-1989 yillari arasi Mayis- Haziran yagislarindaki degisimlerin temel gostergesidir. Bu degisim ayni zamanda, Haziran ayi "Palmer kuraklik siddeti indeksi'ndeki degisimlerin de esit duzeyde temel gostergesidir. Bu calismadaki en onemli amac, Cornell Universitesi Ege ve Yakin Dogu icin Malcolm ve Carolyn Wiener Dendrokronoloji Laboratuar’inda arsivlenen, son bin yillik donemi kapsayan 517 mese ornegi uzerinde iklim faktorlerinin etkilerini belirlemektir. Bu yapildiktan sonra, gunumuzden 7 000 yil oncesine kadar uzanan yillik halka kronolojilerindeki bu etkiler yorumlanmaya baslanacaktir.
Current State and Prospects of Telemedicine in Morocco: Analysis of Challenges, Initiatives, and Regulatory Framework

The Moroccan healthcare system is grappling with a pronounced lack of resources, particularly in terms of human personnel. Presently, Morocco has 28,892 doctors, which equates to a ratio of around 7.8 doctors per 10,000 inhabitants, whereas the WHO recommends a minimum of 23 doctors per 10,000 inhabitants. More than half of these doctors work along the Casablanca-Rabat axis, underscoring a significant disparity between urban and rural areas. In addition, about 270 rural municipalities find themselves in a state of critical medical isolation, denoting their location more than an hour away from a hospital facility. Among these municipalities, 160 are classified as priority, encompassing roughly two million inhabitants. Hence, the Moroccan healthcare system is confronted with several challenges in ensuring equitable access to quality services and curbing the escalating costs. Telemedicine holds the potential to address these twin needs by optimizing the utilization of existing human and material resources through telecommunications. In fact, telemedicine enables a reimagining of the healthcare landscape, promoting a territorial rebalancing in favor of regions with lower medical density. In this context, Morocco has established a regulatory framework outlining the rules for telemedicine practice. Numerous initiatives have emerged, particularly within the public sector, such as the National Telemedicine Initiative launched in October 2018, with the aim of covering 80% of medical deserts in Morocco by 2025. Nevertheless, despite the concerted efforts, there remain challenges to overcome in order to make strides and achieve the objectives set forth by the Moroccan healthcare system. This literature review aims to examine and analyze the current state of telemedicine in Morocco. It seeks to highlight the challenges, initiatives, regulatory progress, and existing gaps in the landscape of telemedicine in Morocco.
Let’s talk business: a public-private partnership in soft tissue knee surgery

Background Public-private partnerships (PPPs) in orthopaedic surgery can help alleviate the burden on state hospitals and provide additional training capacity but need to be feasible with acceptable patient experience. The aim of this retrospective study was to analyse the costs, training capacity and hospital experience of a PPP to process knee arthroscopy of state patients in a private hospital. Methods This retrospective analysis was done for cases seen at a knee unit in a state hospital and operated on in a private facility between April 2019 and December 2019. The costs analysed included theatre time, bed nights, consumables, implants and salaries. The increase of theatre capacity and training exposure for registrars was evaluated. Furthermore, the hospital experience of the patients was assessed, using the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) score. Results Thirty-two participants (23 male, median age 24.5 years, interquartile range 10) were included. The average cost per patient was R44 442.71 (standard deviation [SD] R20 037.73). The average implant cost was on average R16 123.87 (SD R13 775.62), theatre time (including anaesthetists) was R20 816.22 (SD R7 865.36), consumables amounted to R5 206.68 (SD R1 855.53) and bed nights were R2 295.93 (SD R1 260.09). The surgical capacity of the unit increased by 16%. In 30%, trainees operated as primary surgeons under direct supervision and in 19%, the supervisor was unscrubbed. In 51% of surgical time the consultant was the primary surgeon, teaching trainees. The HCAHPS score was good to excellent in all categories but discharge communication. Conclusion The study found exposure to surgery for trainees was increased and patient satisfaction was excellent, although discharge information should be improved. This study also provides important information on a model of cost sharing in soft tissue knee surgery which can be used in future PPPs and to plan for National Health Insurance.
Performance Measurement on Multi-Objective Optimization with Its Techniques

Multi-objective optimization (MOO) is the procedure of all the while streamlining two or all the more clashing objectives subject to specific requirements. Genuine building outlines regularly contain more than one clashing objective function, which requires a MOO approach. In a single objective optimization (SOO) issue, the ideal solution is clearly characterized, while a group of exchange offs that offers ascend to various groups exists in MOO issues. Every solution indiactes to a specific execution exchange off between the goals and can be viewed as ideal. In this paper introduces an overview on MOO and MOEA produces a solution of non-dominated (ND) solutions toward the end of run, which is called a Pareto set. An examination of Pareto strategies alongside their focal points and weaknesses and exploration take a shot at MOP utilizing distinctive systems.