Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Higher-order anisotropic flows and dihadron correlations in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV in a multiphase transport model

Using a multiphase transport model that includes both initial partonic and final hadronic scatterings, we have studied higher-order anisotropic flows as well as dihadron correlations as functions of pseudorapidity and azimuthal angular differences between trigger and associated particles in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.76$ TeV. With parameters in the model determined previously from fitting the measured multiplicity density of mid-pseudorapidity charged particles in central collisions and their elliptic flow in mid-central collisions, the calculated higher-order anisotropic flows from the two-particle cumulant method reproduce approximately those measured by the ALICE Collaboration, except at small centralities where they are slightly overestimated. Similar to experimental results, the two-dimensional dihadron correlations at most central collisions show a ridge structure at the near side and a broad structure at the away side. The short- and long-range dihadron azimuthal correlations, corresponding to small and large pseudorapidity differences, respectively, are studied for triggering particles with different transverse momenta and are found to be qualitatively consistent with experimental results from the CMS Collaboration. The relation between the short-range and long-range dihadron correlations with that induced by back-to-back jet pairs produced from initial hard collisions is also discussed.
An Overview of Data Warehouse and Data Lake in Modern Enterprise Data Management

Data is the lifeblood of any organization. In today’s world, organizations recognize the vital role of data in modern business intelligence systems for making meaningful decisions and staying competitive in the field. Efficient and optimal data analytics provides a competitive edge to its performance and services. Major organizations generate, collect and process vast amounts of data, falling under the category of big data. Managing and analyzing the sheer volume and variety of big data is a cumbersome process. At the same time, proper utilization of the vast collection of an organization’s information can generate meaningful insights into business tactics. In this regard, two of the popular data management systems in the area of big data analytics (i.e., data warehouse and data lake) act as platforms to accumulate the big data generated and used by organizations. Although seemingly similar, both of them differ in terms of their characteristics and applications. This article presents a detailed overview of the roles of data warehouses and data lakes in modern enterprise data management. We detail the definitions, characteristics and related works for the respective data management frameworks. Furthermore, we explain the architecture and design considerations of the current state of the art. Finally, we provide a perspective on the challenges and promising research directions for the future.
Dipole distortions in the intergalactic medium

Baryonic feedback can significantly modify the spatial distribution of matter on small scales and create a bulk relative velocity between the dominant cold dark matter and the hot gas. We study the consequences of such bulk motions using two high-resolution hydrodynamic simulations, one with no feedback and one with very strong feedback. We find that relative velocities of order $100\ {\rm km}\, {\rm s}^{-1}$ are produced in the strong feedback simulation, whereas it is much smaller when there is no feedback. Such relative motions induce dipole distortions to the gas, which we quantify by computing the dipole correlation function. We find halo coordinates and velocities are systematically changed in the direction of the relative velocity. Finally, we discuss potential to observe the relative velocity via large-scale structure, Sunyaev–Zel’dovich and line emission measurements. Given the non-linear nature of this effect, it should next be studied in simulations with different feedback implementations/strengths to determine the available model space.
A possible new cosmological redshift effect due to Λ on traveling gravitational waves in Friedmann universes

In this paper, we continue the investigation concerning the propagation of gravitational waves in a cosmological background using Laplace transform.a We analyze the possible physical consequences of the result present in Ref. 19 where it is argued that a nonvanishing positive abscissa of convergence caused by the de Sitter expansion factor a(t) = eHt implies a shift in the frequencies domain of a traveling gravitational wave as measured by a comoving observer. In particular, we show that in a generic asymptotically de Sitter cosmological universe, this redshift effect does also arise. Conversely, in a universe expanding with, for example, a power law expansion, this phenomenon does not happen. This physically possible new redshift effect, although negligible for the actual very low value of Λ, can have interesting physical consequences concerning for example its relation with Bose–Einstein condensation or more speculatively with the nature of the cosmological constant in terms of gravitons, as recently suggested in Ref. 21 near a Bose–Einstein condensation phase.
Colloquium: Hidden order, superconductivity, and magnetism: The unsolved case of URu 2 Si 2

This Colloquium reviews the 25 year quest to understand the continuous (second-order), mean-field-like phase transition occurring at 17.5 K in ${\mathrm{URu}}_{2}{\mathrm{Si}}_{2}$. About ten years ago, the term ``hidden order'' (HO) was coined and has since been utilized to describe the unknown ordered state, whose origin cannot be disclosed by conventional solid-state probes, such as x rays, neutrons, or muons. The HO is able to support superconductivity at lower temperatures (${T}_{c}\ensuremath{\approx}1.5\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{K}$), and when magnetism is developed with increasing pressure both the HO and the superconductivity are destroyed. Other ways of probing the HO are via Rh doping and large magnetic fields. During the last few years a variety of advanced techniques have been tested to probe the HO state and these attempts will be summarized. A digest of recent theoretical developments is also included. It is the objective of this Colloquium to shed additional light on the HO state and its associated phases in other materials.
Constant curvature black holes in Einstein AdS gravity: Euclidean action and thermodynamics

We compute the Euclidean action for constant curvature black holes (CCBHs), as an attempt to associate thermodynamic quantities to these solutions of Einstein anti-de Sitter (AdS) gravity. CCBHs are gravitational configurations obtained by identifications along isometries of a $D$-dimensional globally AdS space, such that the Riemann tensor remains constant. Here, these solutions are interpreted as extended objects, which contain a $(D-2)$-dimensional de-Sitter brane as a subspace. Nevertheless, the computation of the free energy for these solutions shows that they do not obey standard thermodynamic relations.
Vibration Feedback Control for Robotic Bone Milling

Bone milling is commonly performed in many surgical interventions, but it often suffers from unpredictable deflection of the bone and potential damage to critical anatomical structures. In this study, a method is proposed to control the depth of cut based on the milling vibration monitored in real time. An accelerometer is mounted on the surgical power tool to record its vibration. In order to extract characteristic information from the acceleration signal, a quality factor is defined to select the optimal harmonic in the signal. A mapping is then established between the amplitude of the optimal harmonic and the depth of cut measured by a displacement sensor. During automatic milling in a single type of material, the depth of cut is estimated by inputting the current harmonic amplitude into the mapping, and the robot's position is adjusted based on the deviation between the desired and the estimated depth of cut. When the cutting area is located between the cancellous bone and the cortical bone, the depth of cut is calculated based on the mapping for the cancellous bone, the mapping for the cortical bone, and the percentage of these two tissues. Thus, automatic milling is also available in this area. Validation of the proposed method via automatic milling experiments shows effectiveness and stableness of the control algorithm, and the safety and efficiency are ensured.
COSMIC-RAY AND X-RAY HEATING OF INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS AND PROTOPLANETARY DISKS

Cosmic-ray and X-ray heating are derived from the electron energy-loss calculations of Dalgarno, Yan, and Liu for hydrogen–helium gas mixtures. These authors treated the heating from elastic scattering and collisional de-excitation of rotationally excited hydrogen molecules. Here we consider the heating that can arise from all ionization and excitation processes, with particular emphasis on the reactions of cosmic-ray and X-ray generated ions with the heavy neutral species, which we refer to as chemical heating. In molecular regions, chemical heating dominates and can account for 50% of the energy expended in the creation of an ion pair. The heating per ion pair ranges in the limit of negligible electron fraction from ∼4.3 eV for diffuse atomic gas to ∼13 eV for the moderately dense regions of molecular clouds and to ∼18 eV for the very dense regions of protoplanetary disks. An important general conclusion of this study is that cosmic-ray and X-ray heating depends on the physical properties of the medium, i.e., on the molecular and electron fractions, the total density of hydrogen nuclei, and, to a lesser extent, on the temperature. It is also noted that chemical heating, the dominant process for cosmic-ray and X-ray heating, plays a role in UV irradiated molecular gas.
ON THE RELATION BETWEEN THE MYSTERIOUS 21 μm EMISSION FEATURE OF POST-ASYMPTOTIC GIANT BRANCH STARS AND THEIR MASS-LOSS RATES

Over two decades ago, a prominent, mysterious emission band peaking at ∼20.1 μm was serendipitously detected in four preplanetary nebulae (PPNe; also known as “protoplanetary nebulae”). To date, this spectral feature, designated as the “21 μm” feature, has been seen in 27 carbon-rich PPNe in the Milky Way and the Magellanic Clouds. The nature of its carriers remains unknown although many candidate materials have been proposed. The 21 μm sources also exhibit an equally mysterious, unidentified emission feature peaking at 30 μm. While the 21 μm feature is exclusively seen in PPNe, a short-lived evolutionary stage between the end of the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) and planetary nebula (PN) phases, the 30 μm feature is more commonly observed in all stages of stellar evolution from the AGB through PPN to PN phases. We derive the stellar mass-loss rates ( ) of these sources from their infrared (IR) emission, using the “2-DUST” radiative transfer code for axisymmetric dusty systems which allows one to distinguish the mass-loss rates of the AGB phase ( ) from that of the superwind ( ) phase. We examine the correlation between or and the fluxes emitted from the 21 and 30 μm features. We find that both features tend to correlate with , suggesting that their carriers are probably formed in the AGB phase. The nondetection of the 21 μm feature in AGB stars suggests that, unlike the 30 μm feature, the excitation of the carriers of the 21 μm feature may require ultraviolet photons which are available in PPNe but not in AGB stars.
Absence of an X-shaped Structure in the Milky Way Bulge Using Mira Variable Stars

The stellar density distribution of the bulge is analyzed through one of its tracers. We use oxygen-rich Mira variables from the Catchpole et al. survey and OGLE-III survey as standard candles. The average age of these stars is around 9 Gyr. The population traced by Mira variables matches a boxy bulge prediction, not an X-shaped one, because only one peak is observed in the density along the analyzed lines of sight, whereas the prediction of an X-shape gives two clear peaks.
The Influence of Paradoxical Leadership on Adaptive Performance of New-Generation Employees in the Post-Pandemic Era: The Role of Harmonious Work Passion and Core Self-Evaluation

The post-pandemic era is full of instability and uncertainty, which brings new challenges and opportunities to the development of organization. As a sustainable feature of enterprises, improving employees’ adaptive performance levels is a necessary condition for enterprises to achieve the sustainable development goal. This study is based on self-determination theory, which focuses on new-generation employees as the key force of enterprise and incorporates harmonious work passion and core self-evaluation into the research framework to explore the influence of paradoxical leadership on adaptive performance. The survey data obtained from 519 new-generation employees shows that: paradoxical leadership is significantly and positively correlated with adaptive performance of new-generation employees; the relationship between paradoxical leadership and adaptive performance is partially mediated by harmonious work passion; core self-evaluation positively adjusts the relationship between paradoxical leadership and harmonious work passion. In addition, core self-evaluation also regulates the intermediary role of harmonious work passion—that is to say, the higher core self-evaluation of new-generation employees is, the stronger the intermediary role of harmonious work passion. The research results explain the connotation of how paradoxical leadership improves adaptive performance of new-generation employees, reveal the medium of the relationship between the two, and find both the role boundary of paradoxical leadership and the strategy to improve adaptive performance.
Many-body electric multipole operators in extended systems

The quantum mechanical position operators, and their products, are not well-defined in systems obeying periodic boundary conditions. Here we extend the work of Resta who developed a formalism to calculate the electronic polarization as an expectation value of a many-body operator, to include higher multipole moments, e.g., quadrupole and octupole. We define $n$-th order multipole operators whose expectation values can be used to calculate the $n$-th multipole moment when all of the lower moments are vanishing (modulo a quantum). We show that changes in our operators are tied to flows of $n-1$-st multipole currents, and encode the adiabatic evolution of the system in the presence of an $n-1$-st gradient of the electric field. Finally, we test our operators on a set of tightbinding models to show that they correctly determine the phase diagrams of topological quadrupole and octupole models, capture an adiabatic quadrupole pump, and distinguish a bulk quadrupole moment from other mechanisms that generate corner charges.
MMT Spectroscopy of Supernova Remnant Candidates in M33

To date, over 220 emission nebulae in M33 have been identified as supernova remnants (SNRs) or SNR candidates, principally through [S ii]:Hα line ratios that are elevated compared to those in H ii regions. In many cases, the determination of a high [S ii]:Hα line ratio was made using narrow-band interference filter images and has not been confirmed spectroscopically. Here, we present MMT 6.5 m optical spectra that we use to measure [S ii]:Hα and other line ratios in an attempt to determine the nature of these suggested candidates. Of the 197 objects in our sample, 120 have no previously published spectroscopic observations. We confirm that the majority of candidate SNRs have emission line ratios characteristic of SNRs. While no candidates show Doppler-broadened lines expected from young, ejecta-dominated SNRs (≳1000 km s−1), a substantial number do exhibit lines that are broader than H ii regions. We argue that the majority of the objects with high [S ii]:Hα line ratios (>0.4) are indeed SNRs, but the distinction between H ii regions and SNRs becomes less obvious at low surface brightness, and additional criteria, such as X-ray detection, are needed. We discuss the properties of the sample as a whole and compare it with similar samples in other nearby galaxies.
An Ultrasonic-Based Sensor System for Elderly Fall Monitoring in a Smart Room

To reduce the risk of elderly people falling in a private room without relying on a closed-circuit television system that results in serious privacy and trust concerns, a fall monitoring system that protects the privacy and does not monitor a person's activities is needed. An ultrasonic-based sensor system for elderly fall monitoring in a smart room is proposed in this study. An array of ultrasonic sensors, whose ranges are designed to cover the room space, are initially installed on a wall of the room, and the sensors are rotated to transmit and receive ultrasonic signals to measure the distances to a moving object while preventing ultrasonic signal interference. Distance changes measured by ultrasonic sensors are used as time-independent patterns to recognize when an elderly person falls. To evaluate the performance of the proposed system, a sensor system prototype using long short-term memory was constructed, and experiments with 25 participants were performed. An accuracy of approximately 98% was achieved in this experiment using the proposed method, which was a slight improvement over that of the conventional method.
Water Quality Assessment and Characterization of Rivers in Pasir Gudang, Johor via Multivariate Statistical Techniques

In Pasir Gudang, an accelerated industry-based economy has caused a tremendous increase and diversity of water contamination. The application of multivariate statistical techniques can identify factors that influence water systems and is a valuable tool for managing water resources. Therefore, this study presents spatial evaluation and the elucidation of inordinate complex data for 32 parameters from 25 sampling points spanning 20 rivers across Pasir Gudang, summing up to 1500 observations between 2015-2019. Hierarchical cluster analysis with the K-means method grouped the rivers into two main clusters, i.e., proportionately low polluted rivers for Cluster 1 (C1) and high polluted rivers for Cluster 2 (C2), based on the similitude of water quality profiles. The discriminant analysis applied to the cluster resulted in a data reduction from 32 to 7 parameters (Cl, Cd, S, OG, temperature, BOD, and pH) with a 99.5% correct categorization in spatial analysis. Hence, element complexity was reduced to a few criteria accountable for large water quality differences between C1 and C2. The principal component analysis produced 6 and 7 principal components after rotation for C1 and C2, respectively, where total variance was 62.48% and 66.85%. In addition, several sub-clusters were identified; two from C1 and three from C2, based on the principal contributing components. These results show that the functionality of multivariate techniques can be effectively used to identify spatial water characteristics and pollution sources. The outcomes of this study may benefit legislators in managing rivers within Pasir Gudang.
PHASE CHARACTERISTICS OF REFLECTING AND TRANSMITTING TYPE TWISTED NEMATIC SPATIAL LIGHT MODULATORS

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CMB temperature lensing power reconstruction

We study the reconstruction of the lensing potential power spectrum from CMB temperature data, with an eye to the Planck experiment. We work with the optimal quadratic estimator of Okamoto and Hu, which we characterize thoroughly in an application to the reconstruction of the lensing power spectrum. We find that at multipoles L<250, our current understanding of this estimator is biased at the 15% level by beyond-gradient terms in the Taylor expansion of lensing effects. We present the full lensed trispectrum to fourth order in the lensing potential to explain this effect. We show that the low-L bias, as well as a previously known bias at high L, is relevant to the determination of cosmology and must be corrected for in order to avoid significant parameter errors. We also investigate the covariance of the reconstructed power, finding broad correlations of {approx_equal}0.1%. Finally, we discuss several small improvements which may be made to the optimal estimator to mitigate these problems.
Many body localization with long range interactions

Many body localization (MBL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for understanding non-equilibrium quantum dynamics. Folklore based on perturbative arguments holds that MBL only arises in systems with short range interactions. Here we advance non-perturbative arguments indicating that MBL can arise in systems with long range (Coulomb) interactions. In particular, we show using bosonization that MBL can arise in one dimensional systems with ~ r interactions, a problem that exhibits charge confinement. We also argue that (through the Anderson-Higgs mechanism) MBL can arise in two dimensional systems with log r interactions, and speculate that our arguments may even extend to three dimensional systems with 1/r interactions. Our arguments are `asymptotic' (i.e. valid up to rare region corrections), yet they open the door to investigation of MBL physics in a wide array of long range interacting systems where such physics was previously believed not to arise.
Effect of myofunctional therapy on snoring in obese patients: a randomized trial

Objective To analyze the effectiveness of myofunctional therapy (MT) in the treatment of habitual snoring in obese patients. Material and Methods This randomized clinical trial consisted of an experimental group (n=14) that underwent MT and a control group (n=26) that performed nonspecific exercises for the treatment of snoring. The Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), and short-form health survey (SF-36) were applied before and after treatment. Snoring was assessed subjectively by asking the partner about improvement after treatment. The SnoreLab app was used for objective assessment. Results There was no significant effect of MT on any of the SnoreLab variables analyzed when groups, time points or covariates (adherence, age, body mass index [BMI], neck circumference, and sex) were compared. Neck circumference (cm) and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index score were significantly higher after treatment. There was no change in the Epworth sleepiness scale score after treatment. A correlation was found between BMI and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index and between BMI and the functional capacity component of the SF-36. Patient adherence was similar between groups. Discussion Apps for recording snoring are a useful tool to be explored. MT exerted no significant effect on habitual snoring in obese patients despite the reduction of the snore score in the experimental group. Therapy applied without exclusion criteria based on the severity of sleep breathing disorders and pharyngeal characteristics fails to achieve the results necessary to treat habitual snoring in obese patients.