Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fibulin-1 and Fibulin-2 Expression in the Developing Mouse Embryo During Organogenesis

Fibulin-1 and fibulin-2 are extracellular matrix proteins with unique structural features. We used in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence staining to examine the expression of fibulin-1 and fibulin-2 during mouse em-bryogenesis. Both fibulins have previously been shown to be deposited at sites where polarized cells convert into mesenchyme, during early stages of development of endocardial cushion tissue and in neural crest cells. By Northern blots we confirm that expression of fibulin-2 is particularly high in the developing and newborn heart. We also show that fibulin-2 mRNA and protein remained highly expressed during organogenesis in tissues derived from neural crest mesenchyme. In addition, a locally restricted expression pattern of fibulin-1 and fibulin-2 mRNA and protein at sites of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions was detected in two tissues, the developing tooth and hair follicles. In other tissues where epithelial-mesenchymal interactions occur, fibulin-1 mRNA and its corresponding protein were detected rather uniformly around mesenchymal cells, and no expression of fibulin-2 was noted. Fibulin-1 protein was located in some embryonic epithelial basement membranes. Fibulin-1 mRNA was also expressed in the epidermal layer of brain and in the mesenchyme of choroid plexus and the meninges which surround the spinal cord. Over-all, fibulin-2 expression was much more limited than fibulin-1 expression. A very prominent expression of fibulin-2 was seen during early stages of chondrogenesis in all cartilages analyzed. These studies show that the differential expression of the fibulin family contributes to the formation of molecularly distinct extracellular matrices already during early developmental stages of a large number of tissues.
Eco-Cultural Solution to the Challenge of Waste Generation at Individual Level: Case Study from India

Indian culture has the affinity for the conservation of nature and natural resources on the concepts of Aranya Samskruti (Forest Culture) and Prakruti Purush (Nature Man). The eco-culture could be observed through the ongoing customs and traditions prevalent in the Indian society. These age-old practices represent a symbiotic relationship of Man and Nature. The paper highlighted the philosophy of eco-ethics of the then society. The pace of development changed the life style of every human throughout the globe. The impacts were also observed among the Indian Society. High energy demanding society replaced the low energy demanding society. The eco-concepts lost their relevance. The rise in demand resulted into the consumerist society with the advent of “Use and Throw” mentality of human society leading towards a challenge of waste generation. The Indian System had the age old practices of 3R’s (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) which was environmental friendly. With the advancement of consumerism, 3Rs lost their relevance and resulted into one of the biggest environmental challenges of waste production. The paper further highlighted the eco-compatible Indian cultural traits towards such issues. Learning from the customs, traditions and rituals, the paper discussed the relevance of those practices which could be the possible solution to cope up the challenge of waste management at individual level. Case study of the campus of the authors had been briefed where the age old conservation practices had been revived leading towards the natural solutions for the environmental challenges. In continuance of the present action oriented research, the authors lead a way to understand the relevance of waste for the avifaunal biodiversity through their extensive research in different parts of country. The detailed work had been carried forward in the other paper. The traditional ecological knowledge which is site-specific has the global application which needs to be converted into the sustainable developmental initiatives through policy formulation.
Regenerative Hydraulic Assisted Turbocharger

Engine downsizing and down-speeding are essential in order to meet future U.S. fuel economy (FE) mandates. Turbocharging is one technology to meet these goals. Fuel economy improvements must, however, be achieved without sacrificing performance. One significant factor impacting drivability on turbocharged engines is typically referred to as “turbolag. ” Since turbolag directly impacts the driver's torque demands, it is usually perceptible as an undesired slow transient boost response or as a sluggish torque response. High throughput turbochargers (TC) are especially susceptible to this dynamic and are often equipped with variable geometry turbines (VGT) to mitigate some of this effect. Assisted boosting techniques that add power directly to the TC shaft from a power source that is independent of the engine have been shown to significantly reduce turbolag. Single unit assisted turbochargers are either electrically assisted or hydraulically assisted. In this study, a regenerative hydraulically assisted turbocharger (RHAT) system is evaluated. A custom-designed RHAT system is coupled to a light duty diesel engine and is analyzed via vehicle and engine simulations for performance and energy requirements over standard test cycles. Supplier-provided performance maps for the hydraulic turbine, hydraulic turbopump were used. A production controller was coupled with the engine model and upgraded to control the engagement and disengagement of RHAT, with energy management strategies. Results show some interesting dynamics and shed light on system capabilities especially with regard to the energy balance between the assist and regenerative functions. Design considerations based on open-loop simulations are used for sizing the high-pressure accumulator. Simulation results show that the proposed RHAT turbocharger system can significantly improve engine transient response. Vehicle level simulations that include the driveline were also conducted and showed potential for up to 4% fuel economy improvement over the FTP 75 drive cycle. This study also identified some technical challenges related to optimal design and operation of the RHAT. Opportunities for additional fuel economy improvements are also discussed.
Cytologia 71(1): 21–24, 2006

Karyotypes of the A and B genomes of Musa L. were prepared using a technique involving squashing of 0.02 M hydroxyquinoline-treated and HCl-fixed root tips. The wild diploids had 2n 22 chromosomes. Mitotic metaphase chromosomes of both the AA (‘Calcutta 4’, M. accuminata Colla) and BB (‘Butohan 2’, M. balbisiana Colla) taxa ranged from 1.4 to 3.6 mm in length and showed great similarity in structure and size. The genomic chromosome complement in a somatic cell of the 2 species was made up of 10 metacentric, 6 submetacentric, 4 subacrocentric and 2 acrocentric chromosomes. The 2 largest submetacentric chromosomes in each of the diploid species had secondary constrictions. The 2 species did not show obvious differences in their karyotypes.
^et-Related Restrictions for Semantic Groupings^

Semantic database models utilize several fundamental forms of groupings to increase their expressive power. In this paper we consider four of the most common of these constructs; basic set groupings, is-a related groupings, power set groupings, and Cartesian aggregation groupings. For each, we define a number of useful restrictions that control its structure and composition. This permits each grouping to capture more subtle distinctions of the concepts or situations in the application environment. The resulting set of restrictions forms a framework which increases the expressive power of semantic models and specifies various set-related integrity constraints.
Applications of perioperative lung ultrasound: from the clinic to the ICU

Contemporary lung ultrasound (LUS) use spansmany disciplines, and its ability to favorably impact care and improve patient safety has been described extensively in emergency medicine and critical care populations. LUS has shown excellent diagnostic accuracy in respiratory failure associated with several common conditions many of which can impact patients in the perioperative period. Anesthesiologists have historically embraced technological advances to improve patient safety. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS), including LUS, is another tool which anesthesiologists should eagerly adopt and add to their armamentarium. LUS, like many other components of POCUS, may guide therapeutic procedures or provide rapid diagnostic information, which enables a provider to make better informed and time-sensitive clinical decisions. The American Board of Anesthesiology (ABA) and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) have also adopted changes which will ensure that current anesthesiology trainees are both trained and evaluated on their knowledge and proficiency with LUS. In 2021 the ACGME designated POCUS as a separate milestone in the category of Patient Care, and it is expected that residents will be able to detect pneumothorax and pleural effusion with transthoracic LUS. In 2022 the ABA will include LUS in addition to other aspects of POCUS as an item on the Content Outline for the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) portion of the ABA Applied Examination. Several professional societies including the Society for Critical Care Medicine, the American Society of Echocardiography, and the American Society of Anesthesiologists have developed POCUS guidelines for its use across a wide range of clinical settings. Despite the endorsement of LUS by these societies, obstacles remain to its widespread adoption by anesthesiologists, most notably a lack of trained providers and heterogeneity in training programs. Recognizing the substantial utility of LUS in the perioperative setting and the fact that it is an expected milestone for anesthesiology trainees, this article will discuss practical aspects of the utilization of LUS in the perioperative period. This article is not intended to discuss the technical aspects of LUS image acquisition or image interpretation, but rather it is practical application in a busy clinical setting.
The role of social media in empowering women socially and economically: A field study on women of Al-Mafraq Governorate who have micro-enterprises

The current study aimed at identifying the role of social media in empowering women socially and economically who have micro-enterprises, the descriptive approach was used to suit the study objectives. The sample of the study consisted of (42) women who had micro-enterprises in Al-Mafraq Governorate, who were chosen by convenient sampling. The results showed that the social media has a high role in the empowering women socially and economically who have micro-enterprises. It was found that there was a statistically significant effect at the level (0.05) of social media on the social and economic empowerment of women who have micro-enterprises in Al-Mafraq Governorate.
The Efficiency of Equal Weighted Indices

This study is aimed at finding an empirical evaluation of the rationality of naïve diversification when applied to indexed investments, linked to the most representative benchmarks of the US and EMU stock markets. An investor, in the MPT and CAPM frameworks, is assumed to be rational when he/she chooses the most efficient portfolio. The empirical study employs four measures of efficiency: the Gibbons, Ross and Shanken test; the Wald test, implemented through a bootstrap simulation; the Generalized Method of Moments test, implemented through a block bootstrap simulation; and Kandel and Stambaugh’s relative efficiency measure. Results provide strong evidence of the superior efficiency of equal weighting if compared to floatand capitalizationweighting. As a consequence, these findings suggest that naïve diversification can be regarded as rational behavior for indexed investors. Keywords—naïve diversification; 1/N heuristic; diversification heuristic; portfolio efficiency; indexed investing; equal weighting.
Yearly Energetic and Exergetic Performance of Solar Absorption Refrigeration System in the Region of Northern Sudan

Utilizing solar energy to drive cooling systems is an attractive idea since the need for cooling is nearly in phase with solar energy availability. It is particularly true in the region of Northern Sudan where solar resources are among the highest in the world. In this study, the cooling production, energetic performance (COP) and exergy efficiency (EE) of a solar-driven absorption refrigeration system in Northern Sudan have been investigated. The proposed system is a 100 kW (cooling capacity) NH 3 /H 2 O absorption system driven by high efficiency flat-plate solar collectors instead of the evacuated tube collectors in vogue which are much expensive. The results showed that the system yields maximum power during May and it is minimum in December. The system can produce 591.2 kWh in 8 hours during May with daily average COP and EE equal to 0.4481 and 0.2999, respectively. While production is declined to 490 kWh in 7 hours per day with average COP and EE values of 0.446 and 0.3335 in December. These results demonstrated that the NH 3 /H 2 O absorption refrigeration systems can be driven by flat-plate collectors in Northern Sudan, throughout the year, with relatively good performance. This can effectively decrease the system’s initial cost here and at other places to that possess similar solar resources.
A Checklist of the Freshwater Macroinvertebrates of Belize

Published: 29 October 2013 Updated: November 2013 June 2014: Ulmeritoides and Latineosus distribution extended, Siphlonuridae and Hydrosmilodon added. November 2014: Cloeodes, Guajirolus, Hagenulopsis, Decapoda and Mollusca added. Hemiptera and Diptera updated. May 2015: Ambrysus cayo added. Bidessonotus pollostus added. Bidessonotus vicinus distribution added. November 2015 Ambrysus maya, Ambrysus circumcinctus, Limnocoris insularis, Laccophilus oscillator laevipennis, Laccophilus proximus, Anopheles albimanus and Chagasia bathana added. Distribution of Heterelmis, Hexacylloepus and Microcylloepus extended. August 2016 Oiovelia johnpolhemi, Veloidea reposita, Rhagovelia tantilla, R. cuspidis, Limnogonus recens and Erythrodiplax ochracea added. Range of Anax amazili extended.
Moving Towards Sustainable Outcomes in Student Partnerships: Partnership Values in the Pilot Year

The UCL ChangeMakers scheme supports students and staff to work in partnership to enhance the University College London (UCL) learning experience. In 2014/15 we piloted the scheme with 10 projects run by 24 students in collaboration with 11 staff members. This paper will focus on our evaluation efforts of the pilot year through 4 illustrative case studies highlighting the successes and challenges of 4 projects. We focused our discussion on how projects were defined, what role students and staff should have had in defining the projects, and the sustainability of the projects once the student moves on or graduates. From our case study analysis, our findings revealed that a series of partnership values—collective responsibility, honesty, plurality, and trust—need to be considered in order to have an impact on the sustainability of the project and, more importantly, on the learning experience for students.
Single-Electron Signal Modulator Designed for a Flash Analog-to-Digital Converter : Instrumentation, Measurement, and Fabrication Technology

We demonstrate a 4-bit flash analog-to-digital converter (FADC) composed of a single-electron signal modulator (SESM) with a capacitive voltage divider (CVD). In the CVD, we utilize the self-capacitance of floating metal islands, and hence, maximum input impedance can be realized with the CVD. We also analyze the characteristics of the CVD with stray capacitance. The signals from the CVD are detected by four single-electron transistors (SETs), and their outputs, processed at quantizers, represent gray-coded digital signals. We designed two kinds of layouts for the CVDs, and fabricated two samples for each layout by photolithography, electron-beam lithography, and the shadow evaporation of aluminum. Measurements were executed at approximately 30 mK. Four-bit FADC operation was successfully simulated using experimental results. We also discuss the possibility of higher resolution with our circuit configuration.
Milk duct segmentation in microscopic HE images of breast cancer tissues

The aim of the paper is to recognize and extract the milk duct in haematoxylin and eosin (HE) stained breast cancer tissues. The paper presents the modified K-means approach to segmentation of the milk duct in HE stained images. Instead of using single pixels we propose to consider the defined region of pixels in the process. Thanks to such modification more accurate extraction of the milk ducts has been achieved. To compare the results in a numerical way the GT images prepared by the medical expert have been subtracted from the corresponding images created by the segmentation methods. The numerical experiments performed for many preparations have confirmed the superiority of such approach. The proposed method has allowed reducing significantly the error of duct segmentation in comparison to the classical K-means approaches. The results show, that our method is superior to the standard K-means and to the K-means preceded by averaging or Gaussian filtration at different size of filtration mask.
Electron Transfer in Cyanobacterial Photosystem I I. PHYSIOLOGICAL AND SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF SITE-DIRECTED MUTANTS IN A PUTATIVE ELECTRON TRANSFER PATHWAY FROM A 0 THROUGH A 1 TO F X

, The Photosystem I (PS I) reaction center contains two branches of nearly symmetric cofactors bound to the PsaA and PsaB heterodimer. From the x-ray crystal structure it is known that Trp 697 PsaA and Trp 677 PsaB are (cid:1) -stacked with the head group of the phylloquinones and are H-bonded to Ser 692PsaA and Ser 672PsaB , whereas Arg 694PsaA and Arg 674PsaB are involved in a H-bonded network of side groups that connects the binding environments of the phylloquinones and F X . The mutants W697F PsaA , W677F PsaB , S692C PsaA , S672C PsaB , R694A PsaA , and R674A PsaB were constructed and characterized. All mutants grew photoautotrophically, W-band (95 GHz) EPR spectra measured using a Bruker E680 spectrometer. Illumination with a frequency-doubled Nd-YAG laser using an fed into sample above the PS I sample. Room Temperature Transient EPR measurements— Room tempera- ture X-band experiments were performed using a modified Bruker ESP 200 spectrometer equipped with a home-built, broadband amplifier (bandwidth (cid:8) A flat cell and a rectangular resonator were used and the samples were illuminated using a Q-switched, frequency- doubled Continuum Surelite Nd-YAG laser at 532 nm with a repetition rate of 10 Hz. To electron transfer, 1 m M M Pulsed ENDOR Studies of the P 700 (cid:3) A 1 (cid:2) State— Pulsed ENDOR ex- periments on the radical pair P 700 (cid:3) A 1 (cid:2) were performed using a Bruker ESP 380E X-band FT-EPR spectrometer using a ESP360D-P ENDOR accessory, an ER4118X-MD-5W1-EN ENDOR resonator, and an ENI A500 radiofrequency amplifier. The Davies-ENDOR pulse sequence ( (cid:1) (microwave) (cid:2) (cid:1) (radio frequency) (cid:2) (cid:1) /2(microwave) (cid:2) (cid:1) (micro-wave) (cid:2) echo) was used, with pulse lengths of 128 ns for the two microwave (cid:1) pulses and 64 ns for a microwave (cid:1) /2 pulse and 8 (cid:2) s for the radiofrequency (cid:1) pulse. The delay time between the laser flash and the first microwave pulse was 800 ns. The ENDOR experiments were carried out at the field position chosen the most symmetric a
Pan-African Networks, Cold War Politics, and Postcolonial Opportunities: The African Scholarship Program of American Universities, 1961–75

Abstract In the early 1960s, when a majority of African countries were gaining independence, the training of personnel capable of implementing nation-building projects became imperative for new African governments, even though higher education opportunities on the continent remained scarce. In a context of competition with the former colonial powers and the USSR, the United States decided to set up scholarship programs for the training of postcolonial African elites. Through the analysis of one of these programs, the African Scholarship Program of American Universities (ASPAU), this article will show that in addition to the Cold War motivations of the US government, pan-African connections and university initiatives were essential in laying the groundwork for the project of educating Africans in the United States. It also highlights the too often overlooked role played by African leaders and academics in the concrete realization, reappropriation, and questioning of overseas training projects.
CFD-Based Study of Steep Irregular Waves for Extreme Wave Spectra

Offshore structures are exposed to irregular sea states. It consists of breaking and non-breaking waves. They experience extreme wave loads perpetually after being installed in the open ocean. Thus, the study of steep waves is an important factor in the design of offshore structures. In the present study, a numerical investigation is performed to study steep irregular waves in deep water. The irregular waves are generated using the Torsethaugen spectrum which is a double-peaked spectrum defined for a locally fully developed sea. The Torsethaugen spectrum takes both the sea and swell waves into account. Thus, the generated waves can be very steep. The numerical investigation of such steep waves is quite challenging due to their high wave steepness and wave-wave interaction. The present investigation is performed using the open-source computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. The wave generation and propagation of steep irregular waves in the numerical model is validated by comparing the numerical wave spectrum with the experimental input wave spectrum. The numerical results are in a good agreement with experimental results. The changes in the spectral wave density during the wave propagation are studied. Further, the double-hinged flap wavemaker is also tested and validated by comparing the numerical and experimental free surface elevation over time. The time and the frequency domain analysis is also performed to investigate the changes in the free surface horizontal velocity. Complex flow features during the wave propagation are well captured by the CFD model.