Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Walls of marginal stability and dyon spectrum in N = 4 supersymmetric string theories

The spectrum of quarter BPS dyons in N = 4 supersymmetric string theories can change as the asymptotic moduli cross walls of marginal stability on which the dyon can break apart into a pair of half BPS states. In this paper we classify these marginal stability walls and examine this phenomenon in the context of exact dyon spectrum found in a class of N = 4 supersymmetric string theories. We argue that the dyon partition functions in different domains separated by marginal stability walls are the same, but the choice of integration contour needed for extracting the degeneracies from the partition function differ in these different regions. We also find that in the limit of large charges the change in the degeneracy is exponentially suppressed compared to the leading contribution. This is consistent with the fact that in the computation of black hole entropy we do not encounter any change as the asymptotic moduli fields move across the walls of marginal stability. Finally we carry out some tests of S-duality invariance in the theory.
A Novel and Reversible Experimental Primate Ocular Hypertension Model: Blocking Schlemm’s Canal

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to establish a novel and reversible experimental ocular hypertension primate model by blocking Schlemm’s canal. Methods: A model was induced in adult cynomolgus monkeys (n = 4) by blocking Schlemm’s canal with an inserted microcatheter (200 μm diameter); it was removed 6 weeks later from one monkey to reverse the elevated intraocular hypertension. All animals were monitored for 11 months; weekly measurements of intraocular pressure and biweekly examinations with spectral domain optical coherence tomography and disc photography were performed. Histopathology of the eye and retinal ganglion cell counts were completed at the end of the study. Results: The intraocular pressure of the blocked eyes was significantly higher than that of the contralateral eyes at 1 month after the blockage (p < 0.001); the mean intraocular pressure was similar to the contralateral eye from 1 week to 11 months after the microcatheter was removed in monkey A (p = 0.170). The mean intraocular pressure of the blocked eyes of the remaining monkeys was significantly higher than that of the contralateral eyes throughout the follow-up period (p < 0.001). The fundus imaging showed decreases in the retinal nerve fibre layer thickness, and localized defects were observed in two blocked eyes. A histological examination demonstrated that the number of retinal ganglion cells in the blocked eyes of monkeys A, B, and C was significantly decreased compared with the control. Conclusion: Schlemm’s canal blockage alone in the monkey model produces sustained elevation of intraocular pressure, which presents a novel animal model for studying the pathogenesis of glaucoma.
The Role of Aperiodic Spectral Slope in Event Related Potentials and Cognition among Children with and without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

BACKGROUND Aperiodic spectral slope is a measure of spontaneous neural oscillatory activity that is believed to support regulation of brain responses to environmental stimuli. When compared to typically-developing (TD) controls, children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been shown to have flatter aperiodic spectral slope at rest as well as attenuated event related potential (ERP) amplitudes in response to environmental stimuli. A small body of research suggests that aperiodic slope may also explain differences in behavioral responses. In this study, we examine associations between pre-stimulus aperiodic slope, stimulus characteristics, environmental demands, and neural as well as behavioral responses to these stimuli. Further, we evaluate whether ADHD diagnostic status moderates these associations. METHODS Seventy-nine children with ADHD and 27 TD school-age children completed two visual ERP experiments with predictable alternating presentations of task-relevant and task-irrelevant stimuli. Aperiodic slope was extracted from pre-stimulus time windows. RESULTS Pre-stimulus aperiodic slope was steeper for the TD relative to ADHD group, driven by task-relevant rather than task-irrelevant stimuli. For both groups, the aperiodic slope was steeper during a task with lower cognitive demand and prior to trials in which they responded correctly. Aperiodic slope did not mediate the association between ADHD diagnosis and attenuated P300 amplitude. CONCLUSIONS The aperiodic spectral slope is dynamic and changes in anticipation of varying stimulus categories to support performance. The aperiodic slope and P300 amplitude reflect distinct cognitive processes. Background neural oscillations, captured via aperiodic slope, support cognitive behavioral control and should be included in etiological models of ADHD.
Unilateral hand force control impairments in older women

Older women may experience deficits in sensorimotor control at their upper limb because of aging progress compromising the motor system. This study aimed to investigate whether younger and older women differ in sensorimotor capabilities assessed by unilateral force control performances at a lower targeted force level. Twenty-one older and 21 younger women performed isometric unilateral force control tasks at 10 % of maximum voluntary contraction for each hand, respectively. Purdue Pegboard Test (PPT) was used to measure unilateral hand dexterity. Five force control variables (i.e., maximal and submaximal force, force error, variability, and regularity) and PPT scores were analyzed in two-way mixed ANOVAs (Group × Hand Condition), respectively. The absolute force power was analyzed in three-way mixed ANOVA (Group × Hand Condition × Frequency Band). The findings revealed that older women produced less maximal and submaximal unilateral forces than in younger women. Greater variability, regularity, and force frequency oscillations below 4 Hz were observed in older women as compared with those in younger women. Force error in the dominant hand was greater in older women than those in younger women. Finally, older women showed lower PPT scores than younger women. These findings suggested that older women may have deficits in unilateral force control capabilities as well as motor dexterity.
Cepheid Distances to SNe Ia Host Galaxies Based on a Revised Photometric Zero Point of the HST WFPC2 and New PL Relations and Metallicity Corrections

With this paper we continue the preparation for a forthcoming summary report of our experiment with the HST to determine the Hubble constant using Type Ia supernovae as standard candles. Two problems are addressed. (1) We examine the need for, and determine the value of, the corrections to the apparent magnitudes of our program Cepheids in the 11 previous calibration papers due to sensitivity drifts and charge transfer effects of the HST WFPC2 camera over the life time of the experiment from 1992 to 2001. (2) The corrected apparent magnitudes are applied to all our previous photometric data from which revised distance moduli are calculated for the eight program galaxies that are parents to the calibrator Ia supernovae. Two different Cepheid P-L relations are used; one for the Galaxy and one for the LMC. These differ both in slope and zero point at a fixed period. The procedures for determining the absorption and reddening corrections for each Cepheid are discussed. Corrections for the effects of metallicity differences between the program galaxies and the two adopted P-L relations are derived and applied. The distance moduli derived here for the eight supernovae program galaxies, and for 29 others, average 0.20 mag fainter (more distant) than those derived by Gibson et al. and Freedman et al. in their 2000 and 2001 summary papers for reasons discussed in this paper. The effect on the Hubble constant is the subject of our forthcoming summary paper.
A Real-Time Bionic Method Inspired by Neural Oscillators for Estimation and Extraction of Pathological Tremor

The typical representative of pathological tremor is Parkinson's disease. One of the pathogenesis is that the synchronized neural oscillations within and between brain areas are affected. Inspired by this, this work proposes an algorithm based on neural oscillator to extract voluntary motion and estimate tremor motion in real time, which is named as RTBNO. This algorithm is composed of multiple adaptive modified Hopf oscillators linear combiner. The combiner is divided into two parts: one is used to estimate tremor motion and the other is applied to estimate voluntary motion. As it is updated iteratively in real time, this method has no phase delay. The performance of the proposed method was verified by the simulated action tremor and the actual experimental results of twenty Parkinson's disease patients. For the rest tremor signals of patients, the mean Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values between the estimated signal and the actual signal was 0.0272±0.0077. The mean RMSE values between the estimated voluntary movement from action tremor and the actual voluntary movement were 0.0360±0.0097 (pick and put motion) and 0.0380±0.0083 (drawing motion). The execution time for the corresponding 10 seconds data was 0.0478s. The comparison results between the proposed method and the existing methods demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Cost-consequence of abatacept as first-line therapy in Japanese rheumatoid arthritis patients using IORRA real-world data

Objectives To investigate the cost-effectiveness of abatacept (ABA) as first-line (1L) therapy in Japanese rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients using data from the Institute of Rheumatology, Rheumatoid Arthritis database. Methods A decision-analytic model was used to estimate the cost per American College of Rheumatology response of at least 50% improvement (ACR50) responder and per patient in Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) and Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) remission from a Japanese healthcare payers’ perspective over a 2-year time horizon. Clinical characteristics of patients on ABA-1L were matched with those of patients on ABA second or later line (2L+) or tumour necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi)-1L directly or using propensity scores. Resource utilisation and medical costs were calculated from the Japan Medical Data Center claims database. Parameter uncertainty was addressed by sensitivity and subgroup analyses (age, treatment duration, Japanese version of Health Assessment Questionnaire [J-HAQ] score). Results Incremental costs per member per month (ΔPMPM) for ABA-1L versus TNFi-1L and ABA-2L+ were -1,571 Japanese Yen (JPY) and 81 JPY, respectively. For ABA-1L versus TNFi-1L, ΔPMPM by ACR50 response was -11,715 JPY and by CDAI and SDAI remission 11,602 JPY and 47,003 JPY, respectively. Corresponding costs for ABA-1L were lower for all outcome parameters versus those for ABA-2L+. Scenario analyses showed that ABA-1L was cost-effective over TNFi-1L in patients <65 years for any outcome. Furthermore, ABA-1L was cost-effective over ABA-2L+ for all outcomes in patients with age <65 years, disease duration <5 years and J-HAQ ≥1.5. Conclusions ABA-1L demonstrated a favourable cost-effectiveness profile in RA patients, accruing savings for the Japanese healthcare payers.
Bose–Einstein condensation of strongly correlated electrons and phonons in cuprate superconductors

The long-range Fröhlich electron–phonon interaction has been identified as the most essential for pairing in high-temperature superconductors owing to poor screening, as is now confirmed by optical, isotope substitution, recent photoemission and some other measurements. I argue that low-energy physics in cuprate superconductors is that of superlight small bipolarons, which are real-space hole pairs dressed by phonons in doped charge-transfer Mott insulators. They are itinerant quasiparticles existing in the Bloch states at low temperatures as also confirmed by the continuous-time quantum Monte–Carlo algorithm (CTQMC) fully taking into account realistic Coulomb and long-range Fröhlich interactions. Here I suggest that a parameter-free evaluation of Tc, unusual upper critical fields, the normal state Nernst effect, diamagnetism, the Hall–Lorenz numbers and giant proximity effects strongly support the three-dimensional (3D) Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) of mobile small bipolarons with zero off-diagonal order parameter above the resistive critical temperature Tc at variance with phase fluctuation scenarios of cuprates.
A cryptic EWSR1 :: DDIT3 fusion in myxoid liposarcoma: Potential pitfalls with FISH and cytogenetics

Myxoid liposarcoma (MLS) is molecularly characterized by fusions involving the DDIT3 gene in chromosome band 12q13; the fusion partner is FUS in band 16p11 in 90–95% of the cases and EWSR1 in band 22q12 in the remaining 5–10%. Hence, molecular studies, often fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for DDIT3 rearrangement, are useful for establishing a correct diagnosis. Although all MLS tumors should have DDIT3 fusions, it is important to be aware of reasons for potential false‐negative results. We here present a case of MLS that was negative for FISH for DDIT3, that showed an unexpected t(11;22) at G‐banding, but that displayed a characteristic EWSR1::DDIT3 fusion at RNA‐sequencing. The results suggest that neoplasia‐associated fusions that, due to the transcriptional orientations of the two genes involved, cannot arise through only two double‐strand breaks are more likely to be associated with negative FISH‐findings and unexpected karyotypes.
The Molecular Interstellar Medium in Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies

We present observations with the IRAM 30 m telescope of CO in a large sample of ultraluminous IR galaxies out to redshift z = 0.3. Most of the ultraluminous galaxies in this sample are interacting, but not completed, mergers. The CO(1-0) luminosity of all but one of the ultraluminous galaxies is high, with values of log (L/K km s-1 pc2) = 9.92 ± 0.12. The extremely small dispersion of only 30% is less than that of the far-infrared luminosity. The integrated CO line intensity is strongly correlated with the 100 μm flux density, as expected for a blackbody model in which the mid- and far-IR radiation is optically thick. We use this model to derive sizes of the FIR- and CO-emitting regions and the enclosed dynamical masses. Both the IR and CO emission originate in regions a few hundred parsecs in radius. The median value of LFIR/L=160 L☉/K km s-1 pc2, within a factor of 2 or 3 of the blackbody limit for the observed far-IR temperatures. The entire ISM is a scaled-up version of a normal galactic disk with the ambient densities a factor of 100 higher, making even the intercloud medium a molecular region. We compare three different techniques of H2 mass estimation and conclude that the ratio of gas mass to CO luminosity is about a factor of 4 times lower than for giant molecular clouds (GMCs) but that the gas mass is a large fraction of the dynamical mass. Our analysis of CO emission from ultraluminous galaxies reduces the H2 mass from previous estimates of 2-5 × 1010 M☉ to 0.4-1.5 × 1010 M☉, which is in the range found for molecular gas-rich spiral galaxies. A collision involving a molecular gas-rich spiral could lead to an ultraluminous galaxy powered by central starbursts triggered by the compression of infalling preexisting GMCs. The extremely dense molecular gas in the center of an ultraluminous galaxy is an ideal stellar nursery for a huge starburst.
NEW RECURRENCE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ORTHOGONAL POLYNOMIALS WHICH LEAD TO NEW LANCZOS-TYPE ALGORITHMS

Lanczos methods for solving Ax = b consist in constructing a sequence of vectors (xk);k = 1;::: such that rk = b i Axk = Pk(A)r0, where Pk is the orthogonal polynomial of degree at most k with respect to the linear functional c deflned as c(» i ) = (y;A i r0). Let P (1) k be the regular
Evaluation of Standard and Proposed Reference Values for Entheseal Thickening by Using Musculoskeletal Ultrasound

Objective Ultrasound (US) is increasingly used to evaluate enthesitis. One of the US features of enthesitis is thickening. However, there is no consensus on how the entheseal thickening needs to be defined, and existing cut-off levels have been criticized for being frequently positive in healthy controls (HCs). Our objective was to determine the frequency of thickening of entheses on US using the existing cut-off values in HCs and in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and propose new values to improve discriminative value. Methods Eighty HCs and 100 patients with axSpA had US scans of 2160 entheses. Sensitivity, specificity, odds ratio (OR), and accuracy were calculated according to accepted cut-off levels from the literature and proposed cut-offs were calculated as the mean ± 2 SD. Results Thickening according to current cut-off levels was found in 20.4% (196/960) of healthy participants’ entheses and 33% (396/1200) of entheses of patients with axSpA. Thickening according to proposed cut-off levels decreased frequency of thickening in both groups, and therefore increased specificity at the cost of decreasing sensitivity. The only anatomical site where the thickness had a value to discriminate disease from health was seen at the triceps tendon enthesis with an OR of 13.4 (95% CI 4.0-44.8) according to the current cut-offs compared to 10.3 (95% CI 4.0-26.6) with the proposed cut-off levels. Conclusion Although using cut-offs appears to be an appealing method to evaluate entheseal thickness, the measurements may be affected by several confounding factors, leading to a low discriminative value, except for at the triceps tendon enthesis.
A close-up on the expanding landscape of CD21–/low B cells in humans

Summary Memory B cells (MBCs) are an essential part of our immunological memory. They respond fast upon re-encountering pathogens and can differentiate into plasma cells that secrete protective antibodies. The focus of this review is on MBCs that lack, or express low levels of, CD21, hereafter referred to as CD21–/low. These cells are expanded in peripheral blood with age and during chronic inflammatory conditions such as viral infections, malaria, common variable immunodeficiency, and autoimmune diseases. CD21–/low MBCs have gained significant attention; they produce disease-specific antibodies/autoantibodies and associate with key disease manifestations in some conditions. These cells can be divided into subsets based on classical B-cell and other markers, e.g. CD11c, FcRL4, and Tbet which, over the years, have become hallmarks to identify these cells. This has resulted in different names including age-associated, autoimmune-associated, atypical, tissue-like, tissue-resident, tissue-restricted, exhausted, or simply CD21–/low B cells. It is however unclear whether the expanded ‘CD21–/low’ cells in one condition are equivalent to those in another, whether they express an identical gene signature and whether they have a similar function. Here, we will discuss these issues with the goal to understand whether the CD21–/low B cells are comparable in different conditions.
The Effect of Using Marathon Shoes or Track Spikes on Neuromuscular Fatigue caused by a Long-distance Track Training Session

Abstract This study aims to compare the effect of the Nike ZoomX Dragonfly track spikes and the Nike ZoomX VaporflyNext% 2 marathon shoes on the fatigue manifestations present over and after a long-distance track training session. Thirteen highly trained athletes completed two training sessions (i. e., 9- and 3-minute time trials with complete recovery) with the aforementioned footwear models. The pace, ground contact time, and stride length were measured over the time trials, and maximal countermovement jumps were performed previously and after the training session. The results revealed that, although there was no significant interaction in the pace distribution (p≥0.072), athletes tend to be only able to increase the pace at the last lap with the marathon shoes (5.4 meters [−3.7 to 14.5 meters]) meanwhile with the track spikes it further decreased (−3.1 meters [−9.8 to 3.6 meters]). A reduced ground contact time over the session (p=0.025) and a tendency toward increasing stride length (p=0.09) in the last time trial were observed. The significant interaction on the countermovement jump height (p=0.023; Track spikes: −5.60%; Marathon shoes: 0.61%) also indicates that footwear influences the resulted allostatic load.
Extrinsic magnetotransport phenomena in ferromagnetic oxides

Magnetic oxides show a variety of extrinsic magnetotransport phenomena: grain-boundary, tunnelling and domain-wall magnetoresistance. In view of these phenomena the role of some magnetic oxides is outstanding: these are believed to be half-metallic having only one spin-subband at the Fermi level. These fully spin-polarized oxides have great potential for applications in spin-electronic devices and have, accordingly, attracted intense research activity in recent years. This review is focused on extrinsic magnetotransport effects in ferromagnetic oxides. It consists of two parts; the second part is devoted to an overview of experimental data and theoretical models for extrinsic magnetotransport phenomena. Here a critical discussion of domain-wall scattering is given. Results on surface and interfacial magnetism in oxides are presented. Spin-polarized tunnelling in ferromagnetic junctions is reviewed and grain-boundary magnetoresistance is interpreted within a model of spin-polarized tunnelling through natural oxide barriers. The situation in ferromagnetic oxides is compared with data and models for conventional ferromagnets. The first part of the review summarizes basic material properties, especially data on the spin polarization and evidence for half-metallicity. Furthermore, intrinsic conduction mechanisms are discussed. An outlook on the further development of oxide spin-electronics concludes this review.