Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Non-Linear Finite Element Analysis of Sheets with Integrated Patterns - Identification of the Significant Mechanisms contributing to Non-Linear Behavior

By cutting specific patterns in thin sheets of material it is possible to acquire a high degree of compliance in and out of the plane. These structures, called flexure patterns, are often applied in situations causing large deformations and contact. This is known from theory to introduce a non-linear behavior, in which the load and deformation no longer has a linear relation. This thesis sets out to analyze these sources of non-linearity, and find their significance in design applications. This is done by performing a parametric study of the base repeating unit of two known patterns: the LET/Slits pattern and the YdX. The goal is to contribute to the knowledge and understanding of the mechanical behaviour of flexure patterns. Non-linear simulations with the FE-software ABAQUS have been used in combination with python to make the analyses as automatic as possible. The results show that for some load cases there are small deviation between the linear and the non-linear simulation. The deformation mechanisms of important structural members are assumed to play significant roles as sources of geometric non-linearities. In addition, the results indicate that an automatic analysis of contact non-linearities would require further work and is a complete study by its own.
Computational fluid dynamic simulation of swirl flow in hexagonal rod bundle geometry by split mixing vane grid spacers

Heat transfer and pressure drop are numerically investigated for turbulent flows through a hexagonal fuel rod bundle. For the purpose of numerical analysis, the geometric and boundary conditions were taken from the VVER-1000. Since VVER-1000 does not have mixing vane on the grid spacer of the fuel assembly, split mixing vane is designed to boost turbulent flow and heat transfer in the rod bundle subchannels. The computational domain including two grid spacers extend from 100 ? Dh upstream of the first grid spacer to 250 ? Dh downstream of the second grid spacer. The steady-state form of the RANS, mass, energy and turbulence equations was discretized and solved using ANSYS-CFX. The standard k-? model is employed to simulate turbulence. The results show a considerable increase in the average heat transfer to ~10 ? Dh downstream of the grid spacer using the mixing vane on the grid spacer of VVER type reactor. As expected, the pressure loss through the grid spacer also increased slightly with the mixing vanes.
The Algebro-Geometric Initial Value Problem for the Relativistic Lotka-Volterra Hierarchy and Quasi-Periodic Solutions

We provide a detailed treatment of relativistic Lotka-Volterra hierarchy and a kind of initial value problem with special emphasis on its the theta function representation of all algebro-geometric solutions. The basic tools involve hyperelliptic curve $\mathcal{K}_n$ associated with the Burchnall-Chaundy polynomial, Dubrovin-type equations for auxiliary divisors and associated trace formulas. With the help of a foundamental meromorphic function $\tilde{\phi}$ on $\mathcal{K}_p$ and trace formulas, the complex-valued algebro-geometric solutions of of RLV hierarchy are derived.
THE OCEAN’S GLOBAL IRON, PHOSPHORUS AND SILICON CYCLES: INVERSE MODELLING AND NOVEL DIAGNOSTICS

The ocean’s biological pump is crucial for the carbon balance of the climate system and the control of its three-dimensional ‘plumbing’ on pump efficiency needs to be quantified. The nutrient cycles driving the biological pump are limited by dissolved iron (dFe). However, the iron cycle is poorly constrained and the effects of iron source perturbations have never been quantified in a data-constrained model. In this thesis, we quantify the pathways and time scales of the biological pump, build an inverse model of the coupled phosphorus, silicon and iron cycles and explore the response of these cycles to changes in the aeolian iron supply. We use Green-function methods to show that the Southern Ocean (SO) is where (62 ± 2)% of regenerated phosphate (PO4) re-emerges after a mean sequestration time of 240 ± 60 yr. The pathways from productive regions to the SO contribute most to the biological pump, with a mean sequestration time of 130 ± 70 yr. Most PO4 is carried by abyssal paths with transit times exceeding 700 yr, while around 1/3 of the regenerated PO4 from the equatorial Pacific that is destined for the SO is carried in Antarctic intermediate water. We use the model of the coupled nutrient cycles in inverse mode to objectively determine biogeochemical parameters by minimising the mismatch with observed nutrient and phytoplankton concentrations. We generate a family of estimates, all consistent with the observations, for a wide range of iron source strengths, themselves not constrainable by current observations. The carbon and opal exports are well constrained in magnitude and pattern. We quantify the systematics of the carbon and opal exports supported by aeolian, hydrothermal and sedimentary dFe and find that aeolian dFe is the most efficient for supporting production.
Leveling up in Intersectional Fairness

The aim of fair machine learning is to develop models that are devoid of any kind of discriminatory behavior towards any subset of the population. In recent years, this task has attracted a broad range of approaches (1; 2; 3), with most of them focusing on a single sensitive axis (4; 5), such as gender or race. However, recent studies (6) have demonstrated that even when fairness can be ensured at the individual sensitive axis levels, significant unfairness can still exist at the intersection level. For example, (7) showed that commercial face recognition tools have been shown to exhibit significantly higher error rates for groups of darker-skinned females than for lighter-skinned males.
Spiral Flow peripheral vascular graft for treating peripheral arterial disease

The Spiral Flow peripheral vascular (PV) graft is used for peripheral arterial disease to bypass or reconstruct damaged blood vessels. Of 5 studies (2 published and 3 abstracts), 1 of the published studies compared the Spiral Flow graft to other artificial grafts and reported similar or worse primary patency. The second comparative study, available as an abstract only, reported better patency rates for the Spiral Flow graft than for PTFE grafts. The other studies investigated primary and secondary patency rates for the Spiral Flow graft. The cost of a Spiral Flow PV graft is £952 to £1520, excluding VAT, depending on size.
Target Matrix Estimators in Risk-Based Portfolios

Portfolio weights solely based on risk avoid estimation errors from the sample mean, but they are still affected from the misspecification in the sample covariance matrix. To solve this problem, we shrink the covariance matrix towards the Identity, the Variance Identity, the Single-index model, the Common Covariance, the Constant Correlation, and the Exponential Weighted Moving Average target matrices. Using an extensive Monte Carlo simulation, we offer a comparative study of these target estimators, testing their ability in reproducing the true portfolio weights. We control for the dataset dimensionality and the shrinkage intensity in the Minimum Variance (MV), Inverse Volatility (IV), Equal-Risk-Contribution (ERC), and Maximum Diversification (MD) portfolios. We find out that the Identity and Variance Identity have very good statistical properties, also being well conditioned in high-dimensional datasets. In addition, these two models are the best target towards which to shrink: they minimise the misspecification in risk-based portfolio weights, generating estimates very close to the population values. Overall, shrinking the sample covariance matrix helps to reduce weight misspecification, especially in the Minimum Variance and the Maximum Diversification portfolios. The Inverse Volatility and the Equal-Risk-Contribution portfolios are less sensitive to covariance misspecification and so benefit less from shrinkage.
A Critical Study on Bankers-Borrowers Interface Programme with Special Reference to Nalbari District, Assam

After independence, the Government of India started taking steps to encourage the spread of banking in India. In order to serve the economy in general and the rural sector in particular, the All India Rural Credit Survey Committee recommended the creation of a state-partnered and state-sponsored bank taking over the Imperial Bank of India and integrating with it, the former state-owned and state-associate banks. Accordingly, State Bank of India (SBI) was constituted in 1955. Subsequently in 1959, the State Bank of India (subsidiary bank) Act was passed, enabling the SBI to take over eight former state-associate banks as its subsidiaries. To better align the banking system to the needs of planning and economic policy, it was considered necessary to have social control over banks. In 1969, 14 of the major private sector banks were nationalized. This was an important milestone in the history of Indian banking. This was followed by the nationalization of another six private banks in 1980. With the nationalization of these banks, the major segment of the banking sector came under the control of the Government. The nationalization of banks imparted major impetus to branch expansion in un-banked rural and semi-urban areas, which in turn resulted in huge deposit mobilization, thereby giving boost to the overall savings rate of the economy. It also resulted in scaling up of lending to agriculture and its allied sectors. However, this arrangement also saw some weaknesses like reduced bank profitability, weak capital bases, and banks getting burdened with large non-performing assets. To create a strong and competitive banking system, a number of reform measures were initiated in early 1990s. The thrust of the reforms was on increasing operational efficiency, strengthening supervision over banks, creating competitive conditions and developing technological and institutional infrastructure. These measures led to the improvement in the financial health, soundness and efficiency of the banking system.
Dynamic Programming for Stochastic Control Systems with Jointly Discrete and Continuous State-Spaces

The goal is to study dynamic programming (DP) algorithm for stochastic systems with a special structure. In particular, we consider a class of stochastic systems where continuous and discrete state-spaces coexist and interact with each other. The discrete state evolves according to a Markov chain model. Moreover, we assume that the discrete state is partially observable. A finite observation history is used as an information structure of the output feedback control policy, and its performance is analyzed and compared with existing optimal control schemes with richer information structures.
L-Cysteine-Modified Transfersomes for Enhanced Epidermal Delivery of Podophyllotoxin

The purpose of this study was to evaluate L-cysteine-modified transfersomes as the topical carrier for enhanced epidermal delivery of podophyllotoxin (POD). L-cysteine-deoxycholic acid (LC-DCA) conjugate was synthesized via an amidation reaction. POD-loaded L-cysteine-modified transfersomes (POD-LCTs) were prepared via a thin membrane dispersion method and characterized for their particle size, zeta potential, morphology, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and in vitro release. Subsequently, in vitro skin permeation and retention, fluorescence distribution in the skin, hematoxylin–eosin staining and in vivo skin irritation were studied. The POD-LCTs formed spherical shapes with a particle size of 172.5 ± 67.2 nm and a zeta potential of −31.3 ± 6.7 mV. Compared with the POD-Ts, the POD-LCTs provided significantly lower drug penetration through the porcine ear skin and significantly increased the skin retention (p < 0.05). Meaningfully, unlike the extensive distribution of the POD-loaded transfersomes (POD-Ts) throughout the skin tissue, the POD-LCTs were mainly located in the epidermis. Moreover, the POD-LCTs did not induce skin irritation. Therefore, the POD-LCTs provided an enhanced epidermal delivery and might be a promising carrier for the topical delivery of POD.
Impact of Lifestyle Modifications on Cardiovascular Health: A Narrative Review

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Lifestyle modifications have gained increasing recognition as key interventions in preventing and managing CVDs. This narrative review aims to provide a thorough assessment of the impact of lifestyle modifications on cardiovascular health. The review encompasses various aspects, including diet, physical activity, smoking cessation, stress management, and weight management. Additionally, the review explores the underlying mechanisms by which lifestyle modifications influence cardiovascular health and highlights the evidence from clinical trials, observational studies, and meta-analyses. The findings of this review emphasize the importance of lifestyle modifications in reducing the risk factors associated with CVDs and improving cardiovascular outcomes.
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance—Detected Acute Myocardial Edema as Predictor of Favourable Prognosis: A Comprehensive Review

Acute myocardial edema (AME) is increased water content in the myocardium and represents the first and transient pathophysiological response to an acute myocardial injury. In-vivo and non-invasive evaluation is feasible with cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), which is a powerful imaging technique capable of tissue characterization. In the clinical setting, early demonstration of AME has a recognized diagnostic value for acute coronary syndromes and acute myocarditis, although its prognostic value is not well established. This article provides a comprehensive narrative review on the clinical meaning of AME in heart diseases. In particular, the available evidence of a possible favourable prognostic value in several clinical scenarios is addressed.
Deep Learning in Diagnosis of Dental Anomalies and Diseases: A Systematic Review

Deep learning and diagnostic applications in oral and dental health have received significant attention recently. In this review, studies applying deep learning to diagnose anomalies and diseases in dental image material were systematically compiled, and their datasets, methodologies, test processes, explainable artificial intelligence methods, and findings were analyzed. Tests and results in studies involving human-artificial intelligence comparisons are discussed in detail to draw attention to the clinical importance of deep learning. In addition, the review critically evaluates the literature to guide and further develop future studies in this field. An extensive literature search was conducted for the 2019–May 2023 range using the Medline (PubMed) and Google Scholar databases to identify eligible articles, and 101 studies were shortlisted, including applications for diagnosing dental anomalies (n = 22) and diseases (n = 79) using deep learning for classification, object detection, and segmentation tasks. According to the results, the most commonly used task type was classification (n = 51), the most commonly used dental image material was panoramic radiographs (n = 55), and the most frequently used performance metric was sensitivity/recall/true positive rate (n = 87) and accuracy (n = 69). Dataset sizes ranged from 60 to 12,179 images. Although deep learning algorithms are used as individual or at least individualized architectures, standardized architectures such as pre-trained CNNs, Faster R-CNN, YOLO, and U-Net have been used in most studies. Few studies have used the explainable AI method (n = 22) and applied tests comparing human and artificial intelligence (n = 21). Deep learning is promising for better diagnosis and treatment planning in dentistry based on the high-performance results reported by the studies. For all that, their safety should be demonstrated using a more reproducible and comparable methodology, including tests with information about their clinical applicability, by defining a standard set of tests and performance metrics.
Implementing Wearable Sensors for Clinical Application at a Surgical Ward: Points to Consider before Starting

Incorporating technology into healthcare processes is necessary to ensure the availability of high-quality care in the future. Wearable sensors are an example of such technology that could decrease workload, enable early detection of patient deterioration, and support clinical decision making by healthcare professionals. These sensors unlock continuous monitoring of vital signs, such as heart rate, respiration rate, blood oxygen saturation, temperature, and physical activity. However, broad and successful application of wearable sensors on the surgical ward is currently lacking. This may be related to the complexity, especially when it comes to replacing manual measurements by healthcare professionals. This report provides practical guidance to support peers before starting with the clinical application of wearable sensors in the surgical ward. For this purpose, the Non-Adoption, Abandonment, Scale-up, Spread, and Sustainability (NASSS) framework of technology adoption and innovations in healthcare organizations is used, combining existing literature and our own experience in this field over the past years. Specifically, the relevant topics are discussed per domain, and key lessons are subsequently summarized.
Gene Regulatory Networks and Signaling Pathways in Palatogenesis and Cleft Palate: A Comprehensive Review

Palatogenesis is a complex and intricate process involving the formation of the palate through various morphogenetic events highly dependent on the surrounding context. These events comprise outgrowth of palatal shelves from embryonic maxillary prominences, their elevation from a vertical to a horizontal position above the tongue, and their subsequent adhesion and fusion at the midline to separate oral and nasal cavities. Disruptions in any of these processes can result in cleft palate, a common congenital abnormality that significantly affects patient’s quality of life, despite surgical intervention. Although many genes involved in palatogenesis have been identified through studies on genetically modified mice and human genetics, the precise roles of these genes and their products in signaling networks that regulate palatogenesis remain elusive. Recent investigations have revealed that palatal shelf growth, patterning, adhesion, and fusion are intricately regulated by numerous transcription factors and signaling pathways, including Sonic hedgehog (Shh), bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp), fibroblast growth factor (Fgf), transforming growth factor beta (Tgf-β), Wnt signaling, and others. These studies have also identified a significant number of genes that are essential for palate development. Integrated information from these studies offers novel insights into gene regulatory networks and dynamic cellular processes underlying palatal shelf elevation, contact, and fusion, deepening our understanding of palatogenesis, and facilitating the development of more efficacious treatments for cleft palate.
RESEARCH CARBON EMISSION DISCLOSURE AND FIRM VALUE: DOES ECO-EFFICIENCY MODERATE THIS RELATIONSHIP?

The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of Carbon Emission Disclosure and Firm Value on moderate of Eco efficiency relationship. Carbon Emission Disclosure as an independent variable is measured by dummy. Firm value as dependent variable is measured by Tobins’Q. This research using Leverage, Firm Size, profitability as control variable. The research uses 495 samples, comprising the data of 99 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange over five years, from 2017 to 2021. The sampling method in this research is purposive sampling. The analysis technique in this study using multiple linear regression analysis. The results show that Carbon Emission Disclosure has a significant positive influence on the Firm Value, while Eco-Efficiency has a significant negative influence. The implications of this research it is hoped that investors will be increasingly concerned about the environment by considering the environmental impacts produced by companies as a consideration for determining investment decisions because investors are one of the parties that can pressure companies to implement environmental policies.
O Uso de um Ventilador Mecânico Portátil na Ressuscitação Cardiopulmonar é Viável, Melhora os Parâmetros Respiratórios e Previne a Redução da Complacência Pulmonar Dinâmica

Resumo Fundamentos Para ventilação prática e protetora durante a ressuscitação cardiopulmonar (RCP), desenvolveu-se um ventilador mecânico (VLP2000E) de 150 gramas que limita o pico de pressão inspiratória (PPI) durante ventilação e compressões torácicas simultâneas. Objetivos Avaliar a viabilidade da ventilação com VLP2000E durante RCP e comparar os parâmetros monitorados versus ventilação com bolsa-válvula. Métodos Estudo experimental randomizado com 10 porcos intubados por grupo. Após sete minutos de fibrilação ventricular, iniciaram-se ciclos de RCP de 2 minutos. Todos os animais foram ventilados com VLP2000E após o retorno da circulação espontânea (RCE). Resultados Os grupos bolsa-válvula e VLP2000E apresentaram taxa de RCE (60% vs. 50%, respectivamente) e saturação arterial de oxigênio similares na maioria dos ciclos de RCP, volume corrente basal diferente [0,764 (0,068) vs. 0,591 (0,123) L, p = 0,0309, respectivamente] e, em 14 ciclos, diferentes PPI [52 (9) vs. 39 (5) cm H2O, respectivamente], volume corrente [0,635 (0,172) vs. 0,306 (0,129) L], ETCO2 [14 (8) vs. 27 (9) mm Hg], e pico de fluxo inspiratório [0,878 (0,234) vs. 0,533 (0,105) L/s], todos p < 0,0001. A complacência pulmonar dinâmica (≥ 0,025 L/cm H2O) diminuiu após o RCE no grupo bolsa-válvula, mas se manteve no grupo VLP2000E [ 0,019 (0,006) vs. 0,024 (0,008) L/cm H2O, p = 0,0003]. Conclusões Ventilação com VLP2000E durante RCP é viável e equivalente a ventilação com bolsa-válvula quanto à taxa de RCE e saturação arterial de oxigênio. Esse ventilador produz melhores parâmetros respiratórios, com pressão das vias aéreas e volume corrente menores. Ventilação com VLP2000E também previne a redução significante da complacência pulmonar dinâmica observada após ventilação com bolsa-válvula. Seria interessante realizar mais estudos pré-clínicos para confirmar esses resultados.
Unifying Threats Against Information Integrity in Participatory Crowd Sensing

This article proposes a unified threat landscape for participatory crowd sensing (P-CS) systems. Specifically, it focuses on attacks from organized malicious actors that may use the knowledge of P-CS platform’s operations and exploit algorithmic weaknesses in AI-based methods of event trust, user reputation, decision-making, or recommendation models deployed to preserve information integrity in P-CS. We emphasize on intent driven malicious behaviors by advanced adversaries and how attacks are crafted to achieve those attack impacts. Three directions of the threat model are introduced, such as attack goals, types, and strategies. We expand on how various strategies are linked with different attack types and goals, underscoring formal definition, their relevance, and impact on the P-CS platform.