Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
KIF1A-Associated Neurological Disorder: An Overview of a Rare Mutational Disease

KIF1A-associated neurological diseases (KANDs) are a group of inherited conditions caused by changes in the microtubule (MT) motor protein KIF1A as a result of KIF1A gene mutations. Anterograde transport of membrane organelles is facilitated by the kinesin family protein encoded by the MT-based motor gene KIF1A. Variations in the KIF1A gene, which primarily affect the motor domain, disrupt its ability to transport synaptic vesicles containing synaptophysin and synaptotagmin leading to various neurological pathologies such as hereditary sensory neuropathy, autosomal dominant and recessive forms of spastic paraplegia, and different neurological conditions. These mutations are frequently misdiagnosed because they result from spontaneous, non-inherited genomic alterations. Whole-exome sequencing (WES), a cutting-edge method, assists neurologists in diagnosing the illness and in planning and choosing the best course of action. These conditions are simple to be identified in pediatric and have a life expectancy of 5–7 years. There is presently no permanent treatment for these illnesses, and researchers have not yet discovered a medicine to treat them. Scientists have more hope in gene therapy since it can be used to cure diseases brought on by mutations. In this review article, we discussed some of the experimental gene therapy methods, including gene replacement, gene knockdown, symptomatic gene therapy, and cell suicide gene therapy. It also covered its clinical symptoms, pathogenesis, current diagnostics, therapy, and research advances currently occurring in the field of KAND-related disorders. This review also explained the impact that gene therapy can be designed in this direction and afford the remarkable benefits to the patients and society.
A non‐hydrostatic mesoscale model

A 3-dimensional non-hydrostatic compressible model designed for mesoscale studies is discussed. A semi-implicit scheme for integrating the equations has been developed where the terms which involve the horizontal and vertical propagation of sound waves are treated implicitly and all other terms are represented explicitly. In an atmosphere with a neutrally stable lapse rate the sound waves are then unconditionally stable while the stability of advection is governed by a criterion similar to the usual Courant-Freidrichs-Lewy condition. When the atmosphere is stratified the stability criterion for sound waves, which depends on the Brunt-Vaisala frequency but is independent of the grid length, is also sufficient for the stability of gravity waves. Tests conducted to simulate a sea-breeze in Florida agree qualitatively with published results for a hydrostatic model.
Image reconstruction for an electrical capacitance tomography system based on a least-squares support vector machine and a self-adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm

The task of image reconstruction for an electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) system is to determine the permittivity distribution and hence the phase distribution in a pipeline by measuring the electrical capacitances between sets of electrodes placed around its periphery. In view of the nonlinear relationship between the permittivity distribution and capacitances and the limited number of independent capacitance measurements, image reconstruction for ECT is a nonlinear and ill-posed inverse problem. To solve this problem, a new image reconstruction method for ECT based on a least-squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) combined with a self-adaptive particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is presented. Regarded as a special small sample theory, the SVM avoids the issues appearing in artificial neural network methods such as difficult determination of a network structure, over-learning and under-learning. However, the SVM performs differently with different parameters. As a relatively new population-based evolutionary optimization technique, PSO is adopted to realize parameters’ effective selection with the advantages of global optimization and rapid convergence. This paper builds up a 12-electrode ECT system and a pneumatic conveying platform to verify this image reconstruction algorithm. Experimental results indicate that the algorithm has good generalization ability and high-image reconstruction quality.
THE METHODS OF VERTEX DISCRIMINANT MULTICATEGORY ANALYSIS WITH BOOTSTRAP APPLICATION

Underdeveloped district is the district that has less developed community and region compare with the other areas in the national scale base on economical category, society, human resources, infrastructure, financial capacity, accessibility, and regional characteristics. It is not easy in classification of underdeveloped district that involves many variables and the number of observations by multicategory cases. Sometimes the data used does not fill the double normal assumption and the group of variance-covariance matrix is not a homogeneous. Verteks Discriminant Analysis (VDA) is the method of the newest multicategories classification which can handle high-dimensional data. In this research, the significance testing of the function of vertex discriminant is done by using a bootstrap approach to determine the significantly variables. Through simultaneous confidence intervals of T^2-Hotelling, based on the results of analysis show that from the 27 predictor variables used, all significant variables have the real effect in determining the status of underdeveloped district. The accuracy of the classification that is obtained from the vertex discriminant function is about 94.44% for data training and 72.22% for data testing. Keywords: underdeveloped district, VDA, bootstrap, simultaneous confidence interval
Cross-Subject Emotion Recognition Based on Domain Similarity of EEG Signal Transfer Learning

For solving the problem of the inevitable decline in the accuracy of cross-subject emotion recognition via Electroencephalograph (EEG) signal transfer learning due to the negative transfer of data in the source domain, this paper offers a new method to dynamically select the data suitable for transfer learning and eliminate the data that may lead to negative transfer. The method which is called cross-subject source domain selection (CSDS) consists of the next three parts. 1) First, a Frank-copula model is established according to Copula function theory to study the correlation between the source domain and the target domain, which is described by the Kendall correlation coefficient. 2) The calculation method for the Maximum Mean Discrepancy is improved to determine the distance between classes in a single source. After normalization, the Kendall correlation coefficient is superimposed, and the threshold is set to identify the source-domain data most suitable for transfer learning. 3) In the process of transfer learning, on the basis of Manifold Embedded Distribution Alignment, the Local Tangent Space Alignment method is used to provide a low-dimensional linear estimation of the local geometry of nonlinear manifolds, which maintains the local characteristics of the sample data after dimensionality reduction. Experimental results show that compared with the traditional methods, the CSDS increases the accuracy of emotion classification by approximately 2.8% and reduces the runtime by approximately 65%.
Strategic Analysis of Bus Rapid Transit System in Improvement of Public Transportation: Case of Tehran, Iran

Urban transportation is one of the principal and significant elements of urban system that supplies the accessibility of citizens to different requirements. Growth of population in large cities of Iran especially in its capital, Tehran and as a result of city expansion and transportation growth have been caused many environmental problems. So, public transportation specifically Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) is suitable solution for solving these problems. This paper, tried presents required strategies to improve transit oriented development in the use of BRT in Tehran using SWOT technique through strategic planning. In this paper surveys and field studies have been used to determine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats with to results of provide strategies to improve BRT of Tehran. Analysis shows that BRT after to 6 years operation has effective and beneficial, social, economic and environmental impacts in Tehran. Indeed, the public satisfaction about BRT is high in this city.
“Sea Water” Supplemented with Calcium Phosphate and Magnesium Sulfate in a Long-Term Miller-Type Experiment Yields Sugars, Nucleic Acids Bases, Nucleosides, Lipids, Amino Acids, and Oligopeptides

The standard approach to exploring prebiotic chemistry is to use a small number of highly purified reactants and to attempt to optimize the conditions required to produce a particular end product. However, purified reactants do not exist in nature. We have previously proposed that what drives prebiotic evolution are complex chemical ecologies. Therefore, we have begun to explore what happens if one substitutes “sea water”, with its complex mix of minerals and salts, for distilled water in the classic Miller experiment. We have also adapted the apparatus to permit it to be regassed at regular intervals so as to maintain a relatively constant supply of methane, hydrogen, and ammonia. The “sea water” used in the experiments was created from Mediterranean Sea salt with the addition of calcium phosphate and magnesium sulfate. Tests included several types of mass spectrometry, an ATP-monitoring device capable of measuring femtomoles of ATP, and a high-sensitivity cAMP enzyme-linked immunoadsorption assay. As expected, amino acids appeared within a few days of the start of the experiment and accumulated thereafter. Sugars, including glucose and ribose, followed as did long-chain fatty acids (up to C20). At three-to-five weeks after starting the experiment, ATP was repeatedly detected. Thus, we have shown that it is possible to produce a “one-pot synthesis” of most of the key chemical prerequisites for living systems within weeks by mimicking more closely the complexity of real-world chemical ecologies.
NOX Dependent ROS Generation and Cell Metabolism

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) represent a group of high reactive molecules with dualistic natures since they can induce cytotoxicity or regulate cellular physiology. Among the ROS, the superoxide anion radical (O2·−) is a key redox signaling molecule prominently generated by the NADPH oxidase (NOX) enzyme family and by the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Notably, altered redox balance and deregulated redox signaling are recognized hallmarks of cancer and are involved in malignant progression and resistance to drugs treatment. Since oxidative stress and metabolism of cancer cells are strictly intertwined, in this review, we focus on the emerging roles of NOX enzymes as important modulators of metabolic reprogramming in cancer. The NOX family includes seven isoforms with different activation mechanisms, widely expressed in several tissues. In particular, we dissect the contribute of NOX1, NOX2, and NOX4 enzymes in the modulation of cellular metabolism and highlight their potential role as a new therapeutic target for tumor metabolism rewiring.
Stability of a Shear Layer between Parallel Streams

The stability of a free laminar layer between parallel streams is examined. The neutral curve and the curves of constant amplification are obtained by a numerical method for Reynolds numbers ranging from 0 to 40 as well as for the inviscid case. No minimum Reynolds number is found. The eigenfunctions are discussed. The case of a layer of increasing thickness is considered, and it is concluded that turbulent transition will occur when the Reynolds number reaches 150.
Picard-Vessiot theory of partial differential fields

Introduction. ' The purpose of this note is to extend to partial differential fields the Picard-Vessiot theory of homogeneous linear ordinary differential equations.2 Although this can be done by extending the procedure of PV to partial differential fields, it is perhaps not without interest to see how the theory in the partial case can be deduced from the ordinary theory, and the latter is what is done below. If 7 is an ordinary differential field of characteristic 0 with algebraically closed field of constants and 9 is an extension of 7 with the same field of constants, then (PV, ? 17) 9 is a Picard-Vessiot extension of 7 if there exists a homogeneous linear differential equation y(n) +ply(n-1) + * +pny=0 (each PiGC) with a fundamental system of solutions 71, * * , 7n such that G=J(o,, , qn)4 Since pi is then plus or minus the quotient of two determinants Wi/W0, where Wl=det (7(j) )<j<n,j9n-1;<k<n, it is the same thing to require that 9 contain elements qj, , tn linearly independent over constants such that G=f(t0, , On) and such that each Wi/W0 belongs to 7. It is this property which is generalized below to define "Picard-Vessiot extension" in the case of partial differential fields.
Relaxation of photoinjected spins during drift transport in GaAs

We studied the transport of photoinjected spins in GaAs by time-resolved photoluminescence measurements. At low temperatures, the spin polarization after drift transport of 4 μm is found to decrease as the applied electric field E increases to a few kV/cm, and it disappears when E exceeds 3 kV/cm. The origin of the field-dependent spin relaxation is discussed.
Discovery and Justification

The distinction between discovery and justification is ambiguous. This obscures the debate over a logic of discovery. For the debate presupposes the distinction. Real discoveries are well established. What is well established is justified. The proper distinctions are three: initial thinking, plausibility, and acceptability. Logic is not essential to initial thinking. We do not need good supporting reasons to initially think of an hypothesis. Initial thoughts need be neither plausible nor acceptable. Logic is essential, as Hanson noted, to both plausibility and acceptability. An hypothesis needs good supporting reasons to be either plausible or acceptable. Such reasons need not be relative to the particular scientific theory undergoing test at the time. There is no fundamental difference between reasons relevant to plausibility and acceptability. The difference is one of degree. Acceptability requires more than plausibility.
Optimisation of blue-phase liquid crystal with protrusion

The optimised structures of blue-phase liquid crystal display (BPLCD) with various protrusions were discussed in this article. The voltage-dependent transmittances for the cell with four protrusion shapes, wall-shaped electrode, trapezoid electrode, double penetration electrode and elliptical electrode, are simulated. The electrode gap and width and protrusion height’s effects on the optimised cell gap and the corresponding operating voltage are calculated. The optimised cell has the lowest operating voltage and relative high transmittance. The results are significant on design BPLCD with low operating voltage.
Predicting Room Acoustical Behaviour with the ODEON Computer Model

The ODEON model for room acoustics is implemented for general use on a PC. Technical features of the program relevant to the acoustical design process include interactive visualizations of reflection paths and sequences, mapping of overall energy distributions and of coverage provided by individual reflectors, and minimized recalculation times. In this paper the modelling process is discussed. Comparisons are then made between predicted room acoustical indices and values measured in full-size and model halls, and reasons for discrepancies are discussed. These discrepancies indicate areas in which the computational model has to be improved, and highlight some shortcomings of current room acoustical survey methods. The effects of various calculation parameters (e.g number of rays, early reflection order) are also briefly considered.
Multi-step motion learning by combining learning-from-demonstration and policy-search

ABSTRACT In this paper, we focus on tasks that require multi-step motions to achieve the goal (defined as a ‘multi-step task’), and we describe a method for a robot to automatically achieve the final goal of a multi-step task. We proposed a method based on reinforcement learning and ‘Teaching by Showing’ for multi-step tasks. A robot can learn how to complete a task automatically by referring to the motions of a human operator, even if the task consists of multi-step motions. Because a human operator is not required to operate the robot during the learning process, we believe that our proposed method can reduce the burden on the human operator. Finally, we conducted experiments to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method and compared it to a conventional reinforcement learning method. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
A CHARACTERIZATION OF M-HARMONICITY

If f is M-harmonic and integrable with respect to a weighted radial measure "fi over the unit ball Bn of C n , then R Bn (f - ˆ) d"fi = f(ˆ(0)) for every ˆ 2 Aut(Bn). Equivalently f is fixed by the weighted Berezin transform; Tfif = f. In this paper, we show that if a function f defined on Bn satisfies R(f - `) 2 L 1 (Bn) for every ` 2 Aut(Bn) and Sf = rf for some |r| = 1, where S is any convex combination of the iterations of Tfi 0 s, then f is M-harmonic.
Effects of musical experience on linguistic pitch perception training

Research continues to address the extent to which music ability transfers to other tasks and processes, among them speech perception. The current study examines the transfer of music experience to native and non‐native linguistic pitch perception and tracks this process during training. Participants were nonmusicians (NMs) and music conservatory students (CMs), all of whom were native Norwegian listeners. Participants were tested with Norwegian and Mandarin materials in a tone‐based and intonation‐based directed attention dichotic listening task, administered five times during 2 weeks. Results show that training generally leads to increased accuracy in linguistic pitch perception. CMs are more accurate than NM in both tasks, and maintain this advantage throughout training. For both groups, training led to a decreased difference in performance between ears, with notably different patterns of ear improvement between NMs and CMs. Across languages, whereas CMs had improved accuracy in both tasks, NM showed no.
Enterococcus casseliflavus Infection: A Review of Clinical Features and Treatment

Abstract Some Enterococcus species, including Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium, are increasingly becoming a common cause of nosocomial infections, accounting for the majority of human enterococcal infections, while other species, such as E. casseliflavus, have also been shown to be pathogenic to humans due to the increase in immunocompromised patients. These infections vary widely in their mode of transmission, symptoms, and other characteristics. Treatment is difficult in some cases because enterococci are resistant to numerous antimicrobial agents. Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium are the best-known opportunistic pathogens, but others, including E. casseliflavus, occasionally cause opportunistic infections. This review summarizes the clinical features of E. casseliflavus infections and discusses effective therapeutic strategies. Bacteremia was the most common form of E. casseliflavus infections. Because E. casseliflavus carries the VanC gene, which confers resistance to vancomycin, less resistant drugs such as ampicillin were found more effective in treating the bacteremia. The second most common form of E. casseliflavus infection was trauma-induced endophthalmitis. This was commonly reported in active young to middle-aged patients. Vitreoretinal surgery and local or systemic administration of sensitive antimicrobial agents seem to be key to successful treatment. Other conditions such as infective endocarditis, meningitis, peritonitis, and pyothorax have also been reported as forms of E. casseliflavus infection. This review clarifies the clinical features of E. casseliflavus infection and provides important insights into its treatment.
Confidence bands in non‐parametric errors‐in‐variables regression

Errors‐in‐variables regression is important in many areas of science and social science, e.g. in economics where it is often a feature of hedonic models, in environmental science where air quality indices are measured with error, in biology where the vegetative mass of plants is frequently obscured by mismeasurement and in nutrition where reported fat intake is typically subject to substantial error. To date, in non‐parametric contexts, the great majority of work has focused on methods for estimating the mean as a function, with relatively little attention being paid to techniques for empirical assessment of the accuracy of the estimator. We develop methodologies for constructing confidence bands. Our contributions include techniques for tuning parameter choice aimed at minimizing the coverage error of confidence bands.
Dynamics of femtosecond laser induced voidlike structures in fused silica

Focused ultrafast laser irradiation of fused silica usually induces a spatially modulated refractive index variation in the bulk material. Strong energy concentration leads to the localized formation of a lower-density cavitylike depressed structure surrounded by compacted matter. We report on applying time-resolved phase contrast microscopy to investigate the timescale of the void formation. We indicate a temporal behavior consistent with shock wave generation and subsequent rarefaction.
X‐ray diffraction reciprocal space mapping of a GaAs surface grating

A GaAs surface grating (period 574 nm) is analyzed by four crystal‐six reflection x‐ray diffraction. Two‐dimensional measurements in the vicinity of the 004 GaAs reciprocal lattice point show satellites in the transverse direction related to the periodicity of the grating. A cross pattern, centered on the 004 GaAs reciprocal lattice point, is formed by these satellites. An explanation is given by a model which includes the influence of transmission through the surface pattern on the substrate diffraction.
An efficient curved-wire integral equation solution technique

Computation of the currents on curved-wires by integral equation methods is often inefficient when the structure is tortuous but the length of wire is not large relative to the wavelength at the frequency of operation. The number of terms needed in an accurate piecewise straight model of a highly curved-wire can be large, yet, if the total length of wire is small relative to the wavelength, the current can be accurately represented by a simple linear function. A new solution method for the cured-wire integral equation is introduced. It is amenable to uncoupling of the number of segments required to accurately model the wire structure from the number of basis functions needed to represent the current. This feature lends itself to high efficiency. The principles set forth can be used to improve the efficiency of most solution techniques applied to the curved-wire integral equation. New composite basis and testing functions are defined and constructed as linear combinations of other commonly used basis and testing functions. We show how the composite basis and testing functions can lead to a reduced-rank matrix, which can be computed via a transformation of a system matrix created from traditional basis and testing functions. Supporting data demonstrate the accuracy of the technique and its effectiveness in decreasing matrix rank and solution time for curved-wire structures.