Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association between Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism and the risk of Multiple Sclerosis: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Background The association between the vitamin D receptor ( VDR ) gene polymorphism and the risk of Multiple sclerosis (MS) has been evaluated in several studiese. However, the findings were inconsistent and inconclusive.Methods All relevant studies reporting the association between the FokI (rs2228570) or/and TaqI (rs731236) or/and BsmI (rs1544410) or/and ApaI (rs7975232) polymorphisms of the VDR and susceptibility to multiple sclerosis published up to September 2019 were identified by comprehensive systematic database search in web of science, Scopus, and PubMed.Results A total of 30 case–control studies were included in this meta-analysis. The overall results suggested a significant association between TaqI gene polymorphism and MS risk under heterozygote contrast (OR = 1.27, 95%CI = 1.01–1.59, REM). Moreover, the pooled results of subgroup analysis decline presence of significant association under all defined genotype model. In subgroup analysis, BsmI gene polymorphism was associated with increased risk of MS under the recessive model in Asian population. In other hand, ApaI gene polymorphism was associated with decreased risk of MS under recessive and homozygote contrast (aa vs AA) models in Asian population.Conclusions This meta-analysis suggested a significant association between TaqI gene polymorphism and MS susceptibility. Furthermore, BsmI gene polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of MS in Asian population. In contrast, ApaI gene polymorphism was associated with a decreased risk of MS in Asian population. Future large scale studies on gene–environment and gene– gene interactions are required to estimate related risk factors and assist early diagnosis of patients at high risk for MS.
Autonomous Thruster Failure Recovery for Underactuated Spacecraft

Thruster failures historically account for a large percentage of failures that have occurred on orbit. Therefore, autonomous thruster failure detection, isolation, and recovery (FDIR) is an essential component to any robust space-based system. This thesis focuses specifically on developing thruster failure recovery techniques as there exist many proven thruster FDI algorithms. Typically, thruster failures are handled through redundancy—if a thruster fails, control can be allocated to other operational thrusters. However, with the increasing push to using smaller, less expensive satellites there is a need to perform thruster failure recovery without additional hardware, which would add extra mass, volume, and complexity to the spacecraft. This means that a thruster failure may cause the spacecraft to become underactuated, requiring more advanced control techniques. Therefore, the objective of this thesis is to develop and analyze thruster failure recovery techniques for the attitude and translational control of underactuated spacecraft. To achieve this objective, first, a model of a thruster-controlled spacecraft is developed and analyzed with linear and nonlinear controllability tests. This highlights the challenges involved with developing a control system that is able to reconfigure itself to handle thruster failures. Several control techniques are then identified as potential candidates for solving this control problem. Solutions to many issues with implementing one of the most promising techniques, Model Predictive Control (MPC), are described such as a method to compensate for the large delays caused by solving an nonlinear programming problem in real time. These control techniques were implemented and tested in simulation as well as in hardware on the SPHERES testbed. These results show that MPC provided superior performance over a simple path planning technique in terms of maneuver completion time and number of thruster failure cases handled at the cost of a larger computational load and slightly increased fuel usage. Finally, potential extensions to this work as well as alternative methods of providing thruster failure recovery are provided.
Social and lifestyle characteristics of sports bettors in Serbia

Aim: The aim of our study was to examine the prevalence of sports betting in the previous month in Serbia and its association with social and lifestyle characteristics. Methods: The analysis of the data from the cross-sectional survey National Survey on lifestyles in Serbia: substance abuse and gambling conducted in 2014 was performed. 10% of participants reported sports betting in the past 30 days. Results: Sports betting was associated with male gender, living in urban areas compared to living in rural areas, having secondary education compared to having primary education, being employed compared to being retired. Sports betting in the previous month was also associated with binge-drinking compared to abstaining from alcohol, non-prescription use of anti-anxiety medications compared to no use of anti-anxiety medications and low/ moderate problem gambling compared to no problem gambling as measured by PGSI. However, it was not associated with a higher risk of tobacco smoking and illicit drug use. Conclusions: The association of sports betting with risk behaviors among young males should be a concern for public health authorities.
Microscopic and Macroscopic Behaviors of Palatini Modified Gravity Theories

We show that, within modified gravity, the nonlinear nature of the field equations implies that the usual naieve averaging procedure (replacing the microscopic energy-momentum by its cosmological average) is invalid. We discuss then how the averaging should be performed correctly and show that, as a consequence, at the classical level the physical masses and geodesics of particles, cosmology, and astrophysics in Palatini modified gravity theories are all indistinguishable from the results of general relativity plus a cosmological constant. Palatini gravity is, however, a different theory from general relativity and predicts different internal structures of particles from the latter. On the other hand, and in contrast to classical particles, the electromagnetic field permeates in the space, and hence a different averaging procedure should be applied here. We show that, in general, Palatini gravity theories would then affect the propagation of photons, thus changing the behavior of a Universe dominated by radiation. Finally, Palatini theories also predict alterations to particle physics laws. For example, they can lead to sensitive corrections to the hydrogen energy levels, the measurements of which could be used to place very strong constraints on the properties of viable Palatini gravity theories.
Current Biology Report Bidirectional Frontoparietal Oscillatory Systems Support Working Memory

The ability to represent and select information in working memory provides the neurobiological infrastructure for human cognition. For 80 years, dominant views of working memory have focused on the key role of prefrontal cortex (PFC) [1-8]. However, more recent work has implicated posterior cortical regions [9-12], suggesting that PFC engagement during working memory is dependent on the degree of executive demand. We provide evidence from neurological patients with discrete PFC damage that challenges the dominant models attributing working memory to PFC-dependent systems. We show that neural oscillations, which provide a mechanism for PFC to communicate with posterior cortical regions [13], independently subserve communications both to and from PFC-uncovering parallel oscillatory mechanisms for working memory. Fourteen PFC patients and 20 healthy, age-matched controls performed a working memory task where they encoded, maintained, and actively processed information about pairs of common shapes. In controls, the electroencephalogram (EEG) exhibited oscillatory activity in the low-theta range over PFC and directional [. ] JOHNSON, Elizabeth L, et al. Bidirectional Frontoparietal Oscillatory Systems Support Working Memory. Current Biology, 2017, vol. 27, no. 12, p. 1829-1835.e1-e4 DOI : 10.1016/j.cub. 2017.05. 046
Activation potassium efflux from Escherichia coli by glutathione metabolites

The mechanism by which N‐ethylmaleimide (NEM) elicits potassium efflux from Escherichia coli has been investigated. The critical factor is the formation of specific glutathione metabolites that activate transport systems encoded by the kefB and kefC gene products. Formation of N‐ethyl‐succinimido‐S‐glutathione (ESG) leads to the activation of potassium efflux via these transport systems. The addition of dithiothreitol and other reducing agents to cells reverses this process by causing the breakdown of ESG and thus removing the activator of the systems. Chlorodinitrobenzene, p‐chloromercuribenzoate and phenylmaleimide provoke similar effects to NEM. Iodoacetate, which leads to the formation of S‐carboxymethyl‐glutathione, does not activate the systems but does prevent the action of NEM. It is concluded that the KefB and KefC systems are gated by glutathione metabolites and that the degree to which they are activated is dependent upon the nature of the substituent on the sulphydryl group.
“PATTERNS OF SPECIATION IN DROSOPHILA” REVISITED

In a paper published seven years ago in this journal (Coyne and Orr 1989a), we analyzed the time course of speciation in Drosophila by correlating electrophoretic genetic distance between pairs of species (a number roughly proportional to their divergence time) with the strength of reproductive isolation between them. That analysis yielded five conclusions. First, both prezygotic and postzygotic reproductive isolation increase with divergence time between taxa. Second, prezygotic (sexual) isolation evolves more rapidly than postzygotic isolation (sterility and inviability of hybrids). This difference is, however, due entirely to much stronger prezygotic isolation between sympatric than between allopatric pairs of species. We suggested that this difference was due to "reinforcement," or direct selection for sexual isolation that occurs among sympatric taxa that produce unfit hybrids (Dobzhansky 1937). Third, hybrid sterility and inviability evolve at similar rates. This conclusion now appears to be incorrect because average divergence time between taxa is not a sensitive way to measure evolutionary rates of reproductive isolation, and more sensitive analyses show that hybrid sterility may in fact evolve more rapidly than inviability (Wu 1992). Fourth, the usual pathway for the production of postzygotic isolation is the initial appearance of sterility or inviability in hybrid males, followed by its appearance in females. This explains the frequent observation of Haldane's rule: the pattern that if only one gender of hybrids is sterile or inviable in species crosses, it is nearly always the heterogametic (XY or XO) sex (Haldane 1922; Coyne and Orr 1989b). Finally, there is a large increase in genetic distance between those species pairs producing sterile or inviable males only and those producing sterile or inviable hybrids of both sexes. This implies that there is a long time lag between the evolution of postzygotic isolation in males and in females. While a similar (but much smaller) analysis has since been conducted in salamanders (Tilley et al. 1990), the data from Drosophila are unique-and are likely to remain so-because of the large number of crossable species and the ease of estimating sexual and postzygotic isolation in the laboratory. These Drosophila data have hence attracted some interest. Because of this, we have continued to accumulate new data as they have appeared. We have also found a few errors in our original data set, and have revised some estimates of reproductive isolation and phylogenetic relatedness when better data became available. We now have data for 171 interspecific hybridizations in Drosophila, an increase of 43% over the 119 hybridizations described in our previous paper. Because DNA sequencing has largely supplanted gel electrophoresis as a way of measuring divergence between species, it is unlikely that this data set will grow much larger; and it will be many years before we possess DNA-based estimates of divergence between many pairs of Drosophila species. We therefore thought it timely to check our earlier conclusions using the new and larger data set.
Peptide antibiotics and their role in innate immunity.

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . 61 FIVE CHEMICALLY DIFFERENT GROUPS OF PEPTIDE ANTIBIOTICS . 63 Linear, Mostly Helical, Peptides Without Cys, With or Without a Hinge . 63 Linear Pep tides Without Cys and with a High Proportion of Certain Residues . 67 Antibacterial Peptides with One Disulfide Bond . 68 Peptides with Two or More S-S Bonds Giving Mainly or Only fJ-Sheet Structures. 69 Antibacterial Peptides Derivedfrom Larger Polypeptides with Other Known Functions . 72 ANTIBACTERIAL PROTEINS AND ACTIVE FRAGMENTS OF SUCH PROTEINS . 73
Brugada syndrome: a fatal disease with complex genetic etiologies – still a long way to go

ABSTRACT Brugada syndrome (BrS) is an arrhythmogenic disorder which was first described in 1992. This disease is a channelopathy characterized by ST-segment elevations in the right precordial leads and is susceptible to sudden death. BrS is a fatal disease with gender and age preferences. It occurs mainly in young male subjects with a structurally normal heart and silently progresses to sudden death with no significant symptoms. The prevalence of BrS has been reported in the ranges of 5–20 per 10 000 people. The disease is more prevalent in Asia. Nowadays, numerous variations in 23 genes have been linked to BrS since the first gene SCN5A has been associated with BrS in 1998. Not only can clinical specialists apply these discoveries in risk assessment, diagnosis and personal medicine, but also forensic pathologists can make full use of these variations to conduct death cause identification. However, despite the progress in genetics, these associated genes can only account for approximately 35% of the BrS cases while the etiology of the remaining BrS cases is still unexplained. In this review, we discussed the prevalence, the genes associated with BrS and the application of molecular autopsy in forensic pathology. We also summarized the present obstacles, and provided a new insight into the genetic basis of BrS.
Algorithms for synteny-based phylostratigraphy and gene origin classification

xi 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 Bibliography . 4 2. COMING OF AGE: ORPHAN GENES IN PLANTS 6 2.1 All species have a cadre of unique genes . 6 2.2 Orphans originate in diverse ways . 7 2.3 Phylostratigraphy classifies genes by age . 8 2.4 Orphans mature with time . 9 2.5 Orphans are often functional and sometimes essential . 14 2.6 Orphans are important for responses to environmental stresses . 15 2.7 An association of orphans with reproduction . 17 2.8 Orphans are often recruited into lineage-specific structures . 17 2.9 Orphans are seldom (if ever) recruited to catalytic roles . 19 2.10 Concluding remarks and future directions . 20 Bibliography . 21 3. phylostratr: A FRAMEWORK FOR PHYLOSTRATIGRAPHY 30 3.
Learning in the Real World: Constraints on Cost, Space, and Privacy

x Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 1.1 Motivation . 3 1.1.1 Real-World Examples . 3 1.2 Mathematical Background . 5 1.2.1 Empirical Risk Minimization . 5 1.2.2 Submodularity . 9 1.2.3 Symmetric Positive Define Matrices . 11 Chapter 2: Cost: Explicitly optimizing the accuracy/time-cost trade-off . 14 2.1 Approximately Submodular Tree of Classifiers . 15 2.1.1 Resource-Efficient Learning . 17 2.1.2 Cost-Sensitive Tree of Classifiers (CSTC) . 19 2.1. 3 A Simplier Tree-Based Model . 22 2.1. 4 Greedy Optimization . 25 2.1. 5 Fast Selection via QR-Decomposition . 28 2.1. 6 Experimental Results . 30 2.2 Related Work . 33 2.2.1 Cost-Sensitive Regularization . 33 2.2.2 Cascades . 33 2.2.3 Tree-Based Models . 34 2.2. 4 Decision-Making Schemes . 34 2.2. 5 Submodularity . 35 2.3 Conclusion . 36 Chapter 3: Space: A model for compressing the k-nearest neighbor rule . 38 3.1 Euclidean Space . 40 3.1.1 The Stochastic Neighborhood . 43 3.1.2 Stochastic Neighbor Compression . 44 3.1. 3 Metric Learning Extension . 47
Integrating Cloud Technologies In The Business Environment

Starting from the definition of cloud computing, literally "Computerization in the clouds", as a modern concept in the field of computers and informatics and representing a distributed set of computing, application, access to information and data storage without the user need to know the location and physical configuration of the systems that provide these services, we try to observe the need to integrate this new technology into the business environment.
Nematode parasites of marine fishes from Kuwait, with a description of Cucullanus trachinoti n.sp. from Trachinotus blochi

Une enquete sur les nematodes parasitant les Poissons du Koweit a ete effectuee d'octobre 1992 a septembre 1995. Les nematodes les plus frequemment rencontres sont les larves d'Anisakides, appartenant a onze types differents : Anisakis simplex, Terranova sp. (un type), Contracaecum sp. (un type), Hysterothylacium sp. (huit types, KA a KH). Deux Anisakides adultes et neuf autres especes adultes et larvaires ont ete trouvees : Iberingascaris inquies chez Rachycentron canadum ; Hysterothylacium reliquens chez Acanthopagrus berda, Epinephelus tauvina, Ilisha elongata, Polydactylus sextarius, Plotosus anguillaris, Pseudorhombus arsius, Synaptura orientalis, Therapon puta et Trachinotus blochi ; Cucullanus trachinoti n.sp. chez Trachinotus blochi ; Cucullanus armatus chez Arius thalassinus; Cucullanus sp. chez Caranx kalla ; Dichelyne (D.) exiguus chez Otolithes argenteus ; Dichelyne (D.) sp. chez Lutjanus coccineus; Ascarophis sp. chez Plectorhinchus sp. ; Philometra globiceps chez Caranx kalla ; larves d'Echinocephalus sp. chez Pseudorhombus arsius, Argyrops filamentosus et Trachinotus blochi et larves de Camallanides sp. chez Trichiurus lepturus. Toutes les especes sont decrites a l'exception d'Iberingascaris inquies, de Philometra globiceps et des larves d'Anisakis simplex.
DAGNOSING AND TREATING MELANOMA

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The Detection of Deception in Forensic Contexts: Lie-detection techniques

Part I. Introduction 1. Research on deception detection: past and present P. A. Granhag and L. A. Stromwall Part II. Lie-Detection Techniques: 2. Discerning lies from truths: behavioural cues to deception and the indirect pathways of intuition B. M. DePaulo and W. L. Morris 3. Statement validity analysis and the detection of the truth G. Kohnken 4. Reality monitoring and detection of deception S. L. Sporer 5. The psychophysiological detection of deception C. R. Honts Part III. Special Problems Facing a Lie-Catcher: 6. Lies travel: mendacity in a mobile world C. F. Bond and S. R. Rao 7. Coping with suggestion and deception in children's accounts G. Davies 8. The detection of false confessions S. Kassin 9. Crime-related amnesia as a form of deception S. A. Christianson and H. Merckelbach Part IV. Enhancing Lie-Detection Accuracy: 10. Practitioners' beliefs about deception L. A. Stromwall, P. A. Granhag and M. Hartwig 11. Training to detect deception from behavioural cues: attempts and problems R. Bull 12. The wizards of deception detection M. O'Sullivan and P. Ekman 13. Guidelines to catch a liar A Vrij Part V. Conclusions: 14. Research on deception detection: future challenges P. A. Granhag and L. A. Stromwall.
Creating Transformative Force? The Role of Spatial Planning in Climate Change Transitions Towards Sustainable Transportation

Abstract Informed by the concept of strategy making, this paper analyses the ability of spatial planning to support local climate change transitions towards sustainable transportation in two case studies of planning in Swedish municipalities with comparatively high climate ambitions. The analysis shows that the expectations on planning to effect change need to be moderated. Not even in these climate-ambitious municipalities did transportation planning result in strategic reorientation. While climate change was clearly filtered into local strategy making, no new climate frame was established. Rather in goals, it was linked to an overall attractive city storyline. Transportation planners have sought to mobilize force through developing new tools and routines to strengthen the role of climate change. In detailed planning, however, when plans become legally binding, agency in relation to climate change was limited by allowing private actors a pivotal position. Also, tools were used selectively and when settling priorities, climate change was subordinate to economic growth interests. While the planning observed can be regarded as weak, its ability to support climate transition would have been even weaker had it not been linked to the attractive city storyline. Consequently, to facilitate climate transition mobilizing force needs to be generated within the current local implementation structure.