Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Response Surface Model Using the Sorted k-Fold Approach

Complex engineering problems are represented by surrogate models in order to find the optimum design points with greater computational efficiency. The least-squares response surface methodology is one of the most commonly used approximation models and has been widely applied to optimization problems in the field of aerospace. In this paper, we propose a new surrogate modeling technique called the sorted k-fold approach with which the entire sample points are sorted based on the residuals and then grouped into k data sets. Multiple response surfaces are constructed while one data set used for cross-validating the representative response surface is omitted. Each response surface is weighted based on how well it can predict the cross-validating data response. Our investigations reveal that this approach has a higher ability of obtaining accurate predictions than the least-squares response surface methodology when tested at a large number of validation points. When the method is applied to benchmark problems .
Exact feedforward linearization based on differential flatness

This article deals with the trajectory aspect of differential flatness from a feedforward point of view. The notion of exact feedforward linearization based on differential flatness is introduced: a differentially flat system, to which a nominal feedforward deduced from flatness is applied, is equivalent, by change of coordinates, to a linear multivariable Brunovsk@ form if the initial condition is consistent with the one considered in the design of the nominal trajectory. In its second part, the new notion states that there exist unique solutions in the vicinity of the desired trajectory when applying a nominal feedforward to the corresponding flat system. To the end of stabilizing the desired trajectory, the information from the Brunovský form is used to design the combination of the nominal feedforward and an additional feedback part. In the case of extended PID controls for the latter, stability is proven using a theorem by Kelemen. Thus the overall control structure turns out to be quite simple and effective for industrial application. Simulations of a DC drive example and experimental results of a magnetic levitation system illustrate its performance.
Resonant and nonresonant diffraction by open image-type slotted structures

The problem of the electromagnetic (EM) wave diffraction by canonical image type slotted structures is studied by the methods of perturbation theory applied to analytical operator valued functions. Fundamental (scattering) frequencies, obtained in the form of expansions in powers of a small parameter (slotwidth), are shown to have negative imaginary parts. Explicit representations for scattered fields are obtained both in the resonant and nonresonant cases, and the amplitude and phase distributions are calculated.
Parallel rank aggregation for theWorld Wide Web

Rank aggregation is the problem of generating a "consensus" ranking for a given set of rankings. When applied to the Web, this finds applications in meta-searching, spam fighting and word association techniques. The rank aggregation obtained by optimizing the Spearman footrule distance is called footrule optimal aggregation (FOA), and it also satisfies the Condorcet property. We find in literature a polynomial time algorithm to compute the FOA for full lists. However, when dealing with the results from various search engines, the lists are almost invariably always the partial ones. The FOA for partial lists is NP-hard. This NP-hard nature of partial footrule optimal aggregation problem (PFOA) motivates us to apply genetic algorithm (GA) for the PFOA problem. The GA based technique may take long to compute, but we propose to decide upon the number of generations of GA based on the time limit allowed by the user. Moreover, the inherent parallelism of GA is also utilized to speed up the processing. For GA based rank aggregation, we depart from having the pool of chromosomes represented in binary to those represented in decimal itself. We achieve crossover by carrying out multiplication of permutations. For mutation, the to-be-mutated digit is exchanged with any other randomly selected digit in that very permutation. For experimental procedure falls in line with the ones found in literature. The results for rank aggregation using genetic algorithm are much better, as compared to the ones obtained using the classical Borda's method of rank aggregation.
Computing Earth Mover's Distance with Entry/Exit Fee Cost Matrix

Traditional minimum cost flow problems have been utilized as distance measures between two sets (assignment problem) or two distributions (transportation problem). The formal one is called the minimum difference of pair assignment (MDPA) distance and the later is called the earth mover’s distance (EMD) which is the minimal amount of work that must be performed to transform one distribution into the other by moving distribution mass. If the distribution is represented as a histogram in b number of bins, the cost matrix is b×b square matrix. While generic algorithms such as Simplex method to solve the problem take too long for users to wait for the output, efficient algorithms are known for several special cost matrix types such as nominal Ө(b), ordinal Ө(b), modulo O(b 2 ). Here the new entry/exit fee cost matrix type is formally defined with theoretical properties and its Ө(b) algorithm to compute the EMD is presented.
Study of Horizontally Oriented Ice Crystals with CALIPSO Observations and Comparison with Monte Carlo Radiative Transfer Simulations

AbstractData from the Cloud–Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) indicate that horizontally oriented ice crystals (HOIC) occur frequently in both ice and mixed-phase clouds. When compared with the case for clouds consisting of randomly oriented ice crystals (ROIC), lidar measurements from clouds with HOIC, such as horizontally oriented hexagonal plates or columns, have stronger backscatter signals and smaller depolarization ratio values. In this study, a 3D Monte Carlo model is developed for simulating the CALIOP signals from clouds consisting of a mixture of quasi HOIC and ROIC. With CALIOP’s initial orientation with a pointing angle of 0.3° off nadir, the integrated attenuated backscatter is linearly related to the percentage of HOIC but is negatively related to the depolarization ratio. At a later time in the CALIOP mission, the pointing angle of the incident beam was changed to 3° off nadir to minimize the signal from HOIC. In this configuration, both the backscatter and the depolarizat.
On the constituent structure of Slovene

Many natural languages exhibit a much higher degree of freedom than English in the orderingof constituents within a clause. In order to use these so-called 'free word order' languages in natural language processing applications, we need grammar models that are adequate from both a linguistic and a computational point of view. I examine Slovene, one such language, and propose that it is best treated by flattening the traditional hierarchical syntactic structure. I argue that there is little empirical evidence for the finite verb phrase constituent in the clause, and I show that several problems disappear if this assumption is rejected. Instead, I present a model whereby the verb combines with its subject and other complements in a single step. In both finite and nonfinite clauses, there is only one verbal projection in the syntactic structure. The clause structure is described within the constraint-based formalism of Headdriven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG) which is not confined to binary branching and which includes separate specifications of immediate dominance and linear precedence. This analysis of the Slovene clause avoids discontinuous constituency and it accounts for the invariable second position of the clitic cluster by local linear precedence canstraints. f discuss some computationd consequences and suggest that the weakened structural constraints do not necessarily result in less efficient parsing. I show how an existing chart parser for NPSG can be adapted to process grammars of this kind.
The science case of the PEPSI high-resolution echelle spectrograph and polarimeter for the LBT

We lay out the scientific rationale for and present the instrumental requirements of a high-resolution adaptiveoptics Echelle spectrograph with two full-Stokes polarimeters for the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) in Arizona. Magnetic processes just like those seen on the Sun and in the space environment of the Earth are now well recognized in many astrophysical areas. The application to other stars opened up a new field of research that became widely known as the solarstellar connection. Late-type stars with convective envelopes are all affected by magnetic processes which give rise to a rich variety of phenomena on their surface and are largely responsible for the heating of their outer atmospheres. Magnetic fields are likely to play a crucial role in the accretion process of T-Tauri stars as well as in the acceleration and collimation of jet-like flows in young stellar objects (YSOs). Another area is the physics of active galactic nucleii (AGNs) , where the magnetic activity of the accreting black hole is now believed to be responsible for most of the behavior of these objects, including their X-ray spectrum, their notoriously dramatic variability, and the powerful relativistic jets they produce. Another is the physics of the central engines of cosmic gamma-ray bursts, the most powerful explosions in the universe, for which the extreme apparent energy release are explained through the collimation of the released energy by magnetic fields. Virtually all the physics of magnetic fields exploited in astrophysics is somehow linked to our understanding of the Sun's and the star's magnetic fields. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The stellar halo of the edge-on galaxy NGC 891

Using the Advanced Camera for Surveys on board the Hubble Space Telescope, we have resolved individual red giant branch stars in the outskirts of the edge-on galaxy NGC 891, down to ∼2 mag fainter than the tip of the red giant branch. The data set allows investigation of the stellar populations in the outer regions of an analogue galaxy to the Milky Way. We discuss the properties of the stellar populations located at ∼10 kpc above the galaxy disc. We find that these extraplanar stellar populations exhibit a broad red giant branch star colour distribution, suggestive of a large spread in heavy element abundance. The mean stellar metallicity at this height from the galaxy disc, derived using the mean colours of red giant branch stars, is [Fe/H] ≈-0.9, a full ∼0.5 dex more metal rich than the mean metallicity of the non-rotationally supported stars in the inner haloes of the Galaxy and Andromeda. This suggests that metal-poor stars are not the dominant stellar component in the outskirts of massive spiral galaxies.
A comprehensive study on the leakage current mechanisms of Pt/SrTiO3/Pt capacitor

The leakage current characteristics of SrTiO3 MIM capacitors, fabricated using atomic layer deposition, are investigated. The characteristics are highly sensitive to the polarity and magnitude of applied voltage bias, punctuated by sharp increases at high field. The characteristics are also asymmetric with bias and the negative to positive current crossover point always occurs at a negative voltage bias. In this work, a model comprising thermionic field emission and tunneling phenomena is proposed to explain the dependence of leakage current upon the device parameters quantitatively.
True color blood flow imaging using a high-speed laser photography system

Abstract. Physiological changes in the retinal vasculature are commonly indicative of such disorders as diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration. Thus, various methods have been developed for noninvasive clinical evaluation of ocular hemodynamics. However, to the best of our knowledge, current ophthalmic instruments do not provide a true color blood flow imaging capability. Accordingly, we propose a new method for the true color imaging of blood flow using a high-speed pulsed laser photography system. In the proposed approach, monochromatic images of the blood flow are acquired using a system of three cameras and three color lasers (red, green, and blue). A high-quality true color image of the blood flow is obtained by assembling the monochromatic images by means of image realignment and color calibration processes. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by imaging the flow of mouse blood within a microfluidic channel device. The experimental results confirm the proposed system provides a high-quality true color blood flow imaging capability, and therefore has potential for noninvasive clinical evaluation of ocular hemodynamics.
The identification of parameters for visco-plastic models via finite-element methods and gradient methods

In this work we present a unified strategy for identification of material parameters of visco-plastic models from test data of complex structures. For consideration of the associated inhomogeneous deformations and stresses the finite-element method is used. The objective function of least-squares type is minimized by a method based on gradient evaluations, such as an SQP method or a projection algorithm due to Bertsekas. The sensitivity analysis, i.e. the determination of the gradient of the objective function, is explained in detail. As a result a recursion formula is obtained. In the numerical examples we compare gradient-based methods with evolutionary methods for homogeneous problems. Concerning inhomogeneous problems we discuss the results obtained for a material law due to Steck.
Multiagent Systems and the Dynamics of a Settlement System

In order to simulate the evolution of a system of settlements with a dynamic model, many processes must be integrated: the spatial aggregation of population, the complexification of urban activities, and the increasing hierarchical differentiation of settlements. The model must also simulate the progressive structuration of the settlement system through a growing variety and enlarged range of interactions between its elements. “Multiagent systems” provides a flexible modeling method for dealing with the multiple spatial interactions of cooperation and competition and relations that generate and regulate the evolution of a settlement system. Its principles are described and applied to building an evolutionary model, including a simulation tool. The model combines economic and spatial rules to produce birth, growth, decline, and functional diversification of the towns. The “urban transition” from an agrarian settlement system toward a hierarchical system of trade- and manufacturing-oriented towns and cities can be simulated.
Mechanical properties of hybrid graphene and hexagonal boron nitride sheets as revealed by molecular dynamic simulations

Molecular dynamic simulations are performed to investigate the mechanical properties of hybrid graphene and hexagonal boron nitrogen (h-BN) sheet with the concentration of BN ranging from 0% to 100%. We find that Young's modulus of the hybrid sheet decreases with increasing concentration of BN, irrespective of BN shapes and distributions. However, a little mixing of h-BN and graphene can result in a noticeable drop in the yield strength of the hybrid sheet. In addition, the hybrid sheet exhibits strong plasticity behaviour during the tensile loading, which is not observed in pure graphene and BN sheets. We further demonstrate that this behaviour can be interpreted by the fact that the interface between the BN domain and graphene governs the failure mechanism of the hybrid sheet, which can be approximated by the classical Griffith model. Our results suggest that the mechanical properties of the hybrid graphene–BN sheet should be considered carefully when evaluating its whole performance when it is used in bandgap-engineered applications such as electronics and optics.
FLUID-STRUCTURE INTERACTION IN LIQUID- FILLED PIPE SYSTEMS : A REVIEW

A review of literature on transient phenomena in liquid-filled pipe systems is presented. Waterhammer, cavitation, structural dynamics and fluid-structure interaction (FSI) are the subjects dealt with. The emphasis is on the history of FSI research in the time-domain. Waterhammer is the most probable cause for the transient vibration of liquid-filled pipe systems. When correctly modelling the liquid and pipe vibrations, FSI must be taken into account. The development of adequate mathematical models and their validation by physical experiments is surveyed.
Comparison between ML-EM and WLS-CG algorithms for SPECT image reconstruction

The properties of the maximum likelihood with expectation maximization (ML-EM) and the weighted least squares with conjugate gradient (WLS-CG) algorithms for use in compensation for attenuation and detector response in cardiac SPECT imaging were studied. A realistic phantom, derived from a patient X-ray CT study to simulate /sup 201/Tl SPECT data, was used in the investigation. In general, the convergence rate of the WLS-CG algorithm is about ten times that of the ML-EM algorithm. Also, the WLS-CG exhibits a faster increase in image noise at large iteration numbers than the ML-EM algorithm. >
Stability preservation in discrete-time delayed Hopfield neural networks with large impulses

This paper studies the global asymptotic and exponential stability of the equilibrium point of discrete-time delayed Hopfield neural networks (DHNN) with large impulse effects. The present results characterize the aggregated effects of impulse and stability property of the impulse-free Hopfield neural networks on the stability of the considered system. The feasible upper bound of impulses is also estimated. It is shown that the discrete-time impulsive DHNN might preserve global exponential stability of the impulse-free DHNN even if the impulses have enlarging effects on the states of neurons.
A multiple-threshold AR(1) model

We consider the model Zt = φ (0, k)+ φ(1, k)Zt –1 + at (k) whenever r k−1<Z t−1≦r k , 1≦k≦l, with r 0 = –∞ and rl =∞. Here {φ (i, k); i = 0, 1; 1≦k≦l} is a sequence of real constants, not necessarily equal, and, for 1≦k≦l, {at (k), t≧1} is a sequence of i.i. d. random variables with mean 0 and with {at (k), t≧1} independent of {at (j), t≧1} for j ≠ k. Necessary and sufficient conditions on the constants {φ (i, k)} are given for the stationarity of the process. Least squares estimators of the model parameters are derived and, under mild regularity conditions, are shown to be strongly consistent and asymptotically normal.
Electron trapping time versus annealing temperature in low temperature grown GaAs

We report in our study the carrier trapping time versus different annealing temperature, which will be important for LT-GaAs application on high speed telecommunication devices. The samples investigated are l-/spl mu/m-thick MBE-grown LT-GaAs films sandwiched between two AlAs layers with a growing temperature of 220 C.
The Existence of at most Twenty Seven Nonnegative Equilibrium Points in a Class of 3-D Competitive Cubic Systems

Th is paper presents the stability analysis of equilibriu m po ints of a model involving co mpetition between three species subject to a strong Allee effect which occurs at low population density . By using the software of MAPLE 10, we prove that, under certain conditions, the model has at most twenty seven nonnegative equilibriu m points and, via Lyapunov function, we derive criteria for the asymptotical stability of the unique positive equilibriu m point.
Comparison of two fuzzy set-based logics: similarity logic and possibilistic logic

Fuzzy sets can be viewed as a convenient way for expressing a rank-ordering over a set of possible worlds, or equivalently, of possible interpretations. This use can be encountered in two fuzzy set-based logics, with different semantics, developed in the last past years; namely a logic of similarity or closeness introduced by Ruspini (1991), and a logic of preference, called possibilistic logic, previously proposed by the authors. The former accounts for some metrics on possible worlds while the latter distinguishes between more or less plausible interpretations. The basic principles underlying the two logics are restated and a comparative study of their semantics is provided. Links between Ruspini's proposal and the idea of a fuzzy rough set (a rough set based on a fuzzy similarity relation rather than on a crisp equivalence relation) are also emphasized. <<ETX>>
Nonboundary conforming methods for large-eddy simulations of biological flows

A computational algorithm suitable for large-eddy simulations of fluid/structure problems that are commonly encountered in biological flows is presented. It is based on a mixed Eurelian-Lagrangian formulation, where the governing equations are solved on a fixed grid, which is not aligned with the body surface, and the nonslip conditions are enforced via local reconstructions of the solution near the solid interface. With this strategy we can compute the flow around complex stationary/moving boundaries and at the same time maintain the efficiency and optimal conservation properties of the underlying Cartesian solver. A variety of examples, that establish the accuracy and range of applicability of the method are included.
Incremental Analysis Updates Initialization Technique Applied to 10-km MM5 and MM5 3DVAR

Abstract An incremental analysis updates (IAU) technique is implemented for 3-h updates of the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5) three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR) and model system with a 10-km resolution to remove spurious gravity waves. By gradually incorporating analysis increments, IAU affects only the removal of high frequencies, leaving the waves related to diurnal processes. IAU appears to be efficient in reducing the moisture spinup problem in the MM5 3DVAR cycling system. The advantage of the IAU is the most significant in improving precipitation forecasts. Rapid update cycle (RUC) with 1- and 2-h intervals in conjunction with the IAU indicates a rapid minimization and less spinup and -down problems because of greater balancing between the moisture and dynamic variables. Impact studies are performed on a heavy rainfall case that occurred in the Korean Peninsula. Verification results with a 3-h cycling system are presented on operational.
Multiple stage pulsed induction acceleration

Pulsed induction is an acceleration mechanism based on the repulsive force exerted on a conductor magnetically coupled with a pulse coil. Because this process is inductive no direct mechanical or electrical connection with the projectile is required. It has resulted in the highest acceleration ever achieved: 2 gram ring to 5 km/s in 1 cm length by Bondaletov, USSR. In principle this process can be extended by multi-staging to produce even higher velocities at increased efficiencies. We have modelled this process and demonstrated experimentally the feasibility of synchronizing a multiple stage pulsed induction accelerator.
Effects of the exchange stiffness constant and the distribution on the recording characteristics of perpendicular media

The relationship between the exchange stiffness constant of a perpendicular medium- and high-density recording characteristics was investigated by micromagnetic simulation. As the exchange stiffness increases, larger magnetic clusters are formed in the ac-erased magnetization state. The shortest recordable bit length of the medium corresponds to the cluster size observed in the ac-erased magnetization state. The slope of the magnetization loop also correlates with the average magnetic cluster size.