Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Palynomorphs from surface waters of the eastern and central Caribbean Sea

Eleven filtered surface water samples (10-20 liters) taken in the Caribbean Sea (December 1983) contain palynomorphs of terrestrial and marine origin. Terrestrial sporomorph concentrations range from 1400 to 19,500 grains per 100 liters, consistent with previous studies. These concentrations are primarily correlated with wind and water current patterns (both from approximately east at 5 m/sec and 0.6 m/sec, respectively), and secondarily correlated with distance from land. Results from one sample imply water transport is more important than wind transport. Morphotypes present include Pinus-Podocarpus, Gramineae, Compositae, Palmae, and fungal spores. Less common forms include pteridophyte spores, Rhizophora, plant structures (tracheids, cuticle), and acritarchs.
Communications in Mathematical Physics Connection Problems for Quantum Affine KZ Equations and Integrable Lattice Models

Cherednik attached to an affineHecke algebramodule a compatible systemof difference equations, called quantum affine Knizhnik–Zamolodchikov (KZ) equations. In the case of a principal series module, we construct a basis of power series solutions of the quantum affine KZ equations. Relating the bases for different asymptotic sectors gives rise to a Weyl group cocycle, which we compute explicitly in terms of theta functions. For the spin representation of the affine Hecke algebra of type C , the quantum affine KZ equations become the boundary qKZ equations associated to the Heisenberg spin1 2 XXZ chain. We show that in this special case the results lead to an explicit 4-parameter family of elliptic solutions of the dynamical reflection equation associated to Baxter’s 8vertex face dynamical R-matrix.We use these solutions to define an explicit 9-parameter elliptic family of boundary quantum Knizhnik–Zamolodchikov–Bernard (KZB) equations.
Communications in Mathematical Physics Covariant Poisson Brackets in Geometric Field Theory

We establish a link between the multisymplectic and the covariant phase space approach to geometric field theory by showing how to derive the symplectic form on the latter, as introduced by Crnković-Witten and Zuckerman, from the multisymplectic form. The main result is that the Poisson bracket associated with this symplectic structure, according to the standard rules, is precisely the covariant bracket due to Peierls and DeWitt.
Communications in Mathematical Physics Random Matrices : Universality of Local Eigenvalue Statistics up to the Edge

This is a continuation of our earlier paper (Tao and Vu, http://arxiv.org/abs/ 0908.1982v4[math.PR], 2010) on the universality of the eigenvalues of Wigner random matrices. The main new results of this paper are an extension of the results in Tao and Vu (http://arxiv.org/abs/0908.1982v4[math.PR], 2010) from the bulk of the spectrum up to the edge. In particular, we prove a variant of the universality results of Soshnikov (Commun Math Phys 207(3):697–733, 1999) for the largest eigenvalues, assuming moment conditions rather than symmetry conditions. The main new technical observation is that there is a significant bias in the Cauchy interlacing law near the edge of the spectrum which allows one to continue ensuring the delocalization of eigenvectors.
Astrochemistry : A Powerful Tool to Understand the Origin of Organic Molecules in the Interstellar Medium , Comets , and Meteorites

During the past two decades, astrochemistry laboratory simulations have shown that complex organic molecules can be formed under simulated astrophysical conditions from the vacuum ultraviolet (UV) irradiation of ice mixtures containing simple species such as H2O, CO, CO2, CH3OH, and NH3. These organics include compounds of biological and prebiotic interests such as amino acids—the building blocks of proteins, and nucleobases—the informational subunits of DNA and RNA. Although the presence of amino acids in the interstellar medium (ISM) has not been confirmed by observations to date, they have been detected in meteorites, indicating that biomolecules and/or their precursors can be formed under extraterrestrial, non-biological conditions. Nucleobases have also been detected in meteorites, broadening the variety of complex organic molecules that can be formed in astrophysical environments. Like amino acids, nucleobases and other N-heterocycles have not been observed in the ISM. In the following, I will review some of the progress made by laboratory astrochemistry towards understanding the formation of organic species from the UV irradiation of ices at low temperature under astrophysically relevant conditions. This discussion will be focused on the formation of amino acids and other molecules of prebiotic interest such as urea and glycerol. Then, I will present recent studies on the formation of nucleobases and related compounds from the UV irradiation of pyrimidine in H2O, NH3, and CH3OH ices, which show the formation of a large suite of photo-products including the nucleobases uracil and cytosine.
ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERÍA Y SISTEMAS DE TELECOMUNICACIÓN PROYECTO FIN DE GRADO

owadays a great number of people are concerned about the food that they are eating as consumers. We do not know where it comes from, what pesticides are used for their cultivation… Definitely, there are different processes within the food production chain before we buy it. There is no need of having big fields for auto consume food, either animal or vegetable. The Earth cannot hold this situation any longer of being exploited by the business human being needs. For this reason, some people are starting to plant their own at home, what it is known as urban planting. The type of growing method that I would like to write about in this document is called “Hydroponics”. It is a method based on growing plants using mineral nutrient solutions in water instead agricultural soil. The purpose of the project is attempting to find a model that can recreate the growing rate of a plant (lettuce) and control the different factors that affect it. The development of this kind of systems opens a wide range of possibilities for creating and conserving plants under other environments, like other planets N
Less negative impacts of climate change on crop yields in West Africa in the new CMIP6 climate simulations ensemble

Food insecurity is among one of the greatest risks posed by climate change in Africa, where 90 to 95% of African food production is rainfed and a large proportion of the population already faces chronic hunger and malnutrition. Although, several studies have found robust evidence of future crop yield losses under climate change scenarios, there is wide variation among crops and regions as well as large modeling uncertainties. A large part of this uncertainty stems from climate projections, as climate models may differ in simulating future changes in precipitation and temperature, which could lead to different future crop production scenarios. This work examines the impacts of climate change on crop yields of maize, millet and sorghum in West Africa using climate change projections from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5th Phase (CMIP5) and from the new generation of climate models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6th Phase (CMIP6). We use the SIMPLACE crop modeling framework to simulate historical and future crop yields, and bootstrap techniques to evaluate projected changes in crop productivity between the CMIP5 and CMIP6 ensembles. Using the new generation of climate models CMIP6, we find that the negative crop yield projections shown by CMIP5 simulations are largely reduced, with even large increases in crop yields when the effect of atmospheric CO2 concentration is considered in the crop model. These differences in crop yield impacts between the CMIP5 and CMIP6 simulations are mainly due to different climate projections of temperature and precipitation in West Africa; CMIP6 projections being significantly wetter and cooler by mid-century and to a lesser extent by the end of the century. Such results highlight the large uncertainties that remain in assessing the impacts of climate change in the region and the consequent difficulty for end-users to anticipate adaptation strategies.
Association between Diabetes Mellitus and Periodontal Diseases: A Survey of the Opinions of Dental Professionals

Objective: This cross-sectional survey aimed to assess the knowledge of dentists and dental assistants practicing in Saudi Arabia regarding diabetes mellitus (DM) and periodontal diseases. Subjects and Methods: We used a pretested, closed-ended, multiple-choice questionnaire covering 2 principal sections: the assessment of previous educational training and practice, and the knowledge and scientific background regarding DM and periodontal diseases. The responses were grouped using the Likert-type scale. Results: The questionnaire showed a high reliability value of 0.805 as determined by a Cronbach’s α. Out of 365 subjects who were initially interviewed, 239 subjects participated (response rate 65.5%): general dentists (45.6%) and dental hygienists and assistants (54.4%). Of the participating dentists, 70.4% were males; in contrast, 87.7% of dental assistants were female. Eighty-five percent of the participants strongly agreed that evidence supports the association between periodontal diseases and DM. Remarkably, dental assistants (78%) agreed more than dentists (68.5%) that diabetic patients with periodontal conditions would have worse glycemic control compared to diabetic patients with no periodontal diseases. Seventy-five percent of the respondents were confident about performing oral health screening for diabetic patients. Significantly more dental assistants showed their desire to expand their practice to include oral health screening (85%) and education compared to dentists (74%). Conclusions: Both dentists and dental assistants in Saudi Arabia revealed a satisfactory knowledge level regarding the periodontal disease-diabetes interactions with no significant difference between the two groups. Further studies are recommended to assess the attitude of dental care providers while dealing with diabetic patients.
Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Factor 6 and Human Cancer: A Systematic Review of Mechanistic Insights, Functional Roles, and Therapeutic Potential

Cancer imposes a substantial burden and its incidence is persistently increasing in recent years. Cancer treatment has been difficult due to its inherently complex nature. The tumor microenvironment (TME) includes a complex interplay of cellular and noncellular constituents surrounding neoplastic cells, intricately contributing to the tumor initiation and progression. This critical aspect of tumors involves a complex interplay among cancer, stromal, and inflammatory cells, forming an inflammatory TME that promotes tumorigenesis across all stages. Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) is implicated in modulating various critical processes linked to tumor pathogenesis, including but not limited to the regulation of tumor cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and survival. Furthermore, TRAF6 prominently contributes to various immune and inflammatory pathways. The TRAF6-mediated activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB in immune cells governs the production of proinflammatory cytokines. These cytokines sustain inflammation and stimulate tumor growth by activating NF-κB in tumor cells. In this review, we discuss various types of tumors, including gastrointestinal cancers, urogenital cancers, breast cancer, lung cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, uterine fibroids, and glioma. Employing a rigorous and systematic approach, we comprehensively evaluate the functional repertoire and potential roles of TRAF6 in various cancer types, thus highlighting TRAF6 as a compelling and emerging therapeutic target worthy of further investigation and development.
Optimal control: linear quadratic methods

This augmented edition of a respected text teaches the reader how to use linear quadratic Gaussian methods effectively for the design of control systems. It explores linear optimal control theory from an engineering viewpoint, with step-by-step explanations that show clearly how to make practical use of the material. The three-part treatment begins with the basic theory of the linear regulator/tracker for time-invariant and time-varying systems. The Hamilton-Jacobi equation is introduced using the Principle of Optimality, and the infinite-time problem is considered. The second part outlines the engineering properties of the regulator. Topics include degree of stability, phase and gain margin, tolerance of time delay, effect of nonlinearities, asymptotic properties, and various sensitivity problems. The third section explores state estimation and robust controller design using state-estimate feedback. Numerous examples emphasize the issues related to consistent and accurate system design. Key topics include loop-recovery techniques, frequency shaping, and controller reduction, for both scalar and multivariable systems. Self-contained appendixes cover matrix theory, linear systems, the Pontryagin minimum principle, Lyapunov stability, and the Riccati equation. Newly added to this Dover edition is a complete solutions manual for the problems appearing at the conclusion of each section.
Prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus in cervical adenocarcinoma (usual type and variants): A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Cervical glandular neoplasms represent a heterogeneous group of tumors for which a comprehensive overview of the involvement of high‐risk human papillomaviruses (HPV) in pathogenesis is still lacking. We first searched MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, and Scopus databases (until October 2022), and systematically reviewed available literature. We then quantitatively estimated both pooled and genotype‐specific prevalence of HPV DNA as well as the influence of various factors (e.g., geographical region, histological subtype, tissue/sample type) on computed effect size by means of random effects meta‐analysis. In total, 379 studies comprising 17 129 cases of cervical adenocarcinoma were identified. The pooled HPV prevalence was 78.4% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 76.2–80.3) with a significant between‐study heterogeneity (I2 = 79.4%, Q test p < 0.0001). Subgroup analyses indicated that the effect size differed substantially by geographical region (from 72.5% [95% CI: 68.7–76.1] in Asia to 86.8% [95% CI: 82.2–90.3] in Oceania) (p < 0.0001) and histological subtype of cancer (from 9.8% [95% CI: 5.5–17] in gastric‐type to 85% [95% CI: 79.6–89.2] in usual‐type cervical adenocarcinoma) (p < 0.0001). HPV16 and HPV18 were by far the most frequently detected viral strains with specific prevalence of 49.8% (95% CI: 46.9–52.6) and 45.3% (95% CI: 42.8–47.8), respectively. When stratified by continent or histologic variant, these genotype‐specific results varied in a relatively limited manner. Altogether, these findings support that all histological subtypes of cervical adenocarcinoma are etiologically linked to high‐risk HPV but to varying degrees. Therefore, a dual‐criteria classification taking into account accurately both morphological and virological aspects could be an interesting evolution of the current binary World Health Organization classification, better reflecting the pathogenic diversity of the disease.
Formal Specification and Verification of Firewall using TLA +

As interest in the Internet of Things (IoT) grows and the traffic from it is expected to increase, the SoftwareDefined Networking (SDN) technology that can dynamically scale the network is important. The ability to dynamically deploy a network is an advantage of SDN, but it must ensure reliability of the network configuration to be deployed in advance. It is necessary to ensure that the components applied by SDN are adequately deployed and free from errors. In order to solve these problems, there are many studies applying formal methods. In this paper, we show that the firewall rules on a single switch managed by SDN are formally specified using TLA+ and verified using TLC, a model checking tool, so they can be properly configured.
Confidence Intervals for the Magnitude of the Largest Aftershock (S31A-2476)

Large earthquakes are typically followed by aftershock sequences, which can last hundreds of days with a well defined frequency-magnitude statistics. Among those aftershocks the ones with the largest magnitudes constitute significant hazard and can inflict additional damage to structures that are already affected by the mainshock. Therefore, the estimation of the possible magnitude of the largest aftershock in a sequence is of high importance. Several decades ago B˚ ath observed that on average the magnitude of the largest aftershock is approximately 1.2 units less than the magnitude of the mainshock, which became known as B˚ ath’s law. This empirical law proved to be quite robust, however, it only gives an average value of the difference and does not specify the related statistical variability. In this work, we construct the confidence intervals for the magnitude of the largest aftershock in the sequence assuming that the aftershocks follow a well defined frequency-magnitude distribution. Particularly we assume that the frequency-magnitude statistics can be described by the truncated Gutenberg-Richter law where the aftershock magnitudes are bounded from above by the magnitude of the mainshock. We apply this analysis to several well known aftershock sequences world-wide to construct confidence intervals for the magnitude of the largest aftershock in the sequences at a given confidence level.
Source identification of VOCs at an urban site of western India: Effect of marathon events and anthropogenic emissions

Ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured using a high‐resolution proton transfer reaction‐time of flight‐mass spectrometer at an urban site of Ahmedabad in India during the winter season in 2014. Mixing ratios of VOCs show large diurnal and day‐to‐day variations. Although strongly influenced by local emissions, periods of higher VOCs were observed during transport from the polluted Indo‐Gangetic Plains than those from the cleaner Thar Desert. However with different rates, VOCs decreased exponentially with increasing wind speed. Relative abundance of methanol varied with weather conditions contributing highest and lowest under fog and clear‐sky conditions, respectively. Among the compounds reported here, oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) contribute to a large fraction (67–85%) with methanol being most abundant (40–58%). In spite of predominant vehicular emissions, diurnal distribution and emission ratios (ERs) of several VOCs indicate the role of biogenic and secondary sources. The ratios of isoprene/benzene and OVOCs/benzene show significant enhancements during daytime suggesting their contributions from biogenic and secondary sources. During marathon and cyclothon events, mixing ratios of VOCs were 2–10 times higher compared to a normal Sunday. The ERs of VOCs estimated using the nighttime data on marathon day are well within the range of values reported for several megacities of the world. The average contributions of primary anthropogenic sources to acetaldehyde, acetone, and isoprene were 44 ± 06%, 45 ± 07%, and 63 ± 12%, respectively. During cloudy condition, the increase in anthropogenic contribution to acetaldehyde (~10%), acetone (9%) and isoprene (30%) is due to reduction in biogenic emissions and secondary formation of these VOCs.
Low Temperature Characteristics of Remanent Magnetization of Magnetite

Behaviours of remanent magnetization of magnetite are studied for low temperature range from room temperature to liquid nitrogen temperature (-190°C). The remanent magnetization produced at room temperature on magnetite decreases sharply when magnetite is cooled from room temperature to liquid nitrogen temperature, and recovers a certain percentage of the intensity of the original remanent magnetization when heated to the room temperature (recovery phenomenon), or decreases further in the heating. In some of single crystal magnetites, however, the remanent magnetization was found to reverse its direction at about -145°C in the cooling in non-magnetic space. In order to explain the anomalous behaviours of a remanent magnetization at low temperatures, it is assumed that the heterogenity in the stress distribution or in other physical conditions in a grain would result in a heterogeneous distribution of isotropic points (temperatures at which crystal anisotropy energy becomes minimum) within a grain. On the basis of these assumptions, it is shown that the regions with different isotropic points then would interact magnetostatically with each other resulting in the self-reversal or the recovery phenomenon. Cobalt was found to show the similar recovery and reversal phenomena of a remanent magnetization when it is cooled from 400°C to room temperature in nonmagnetic space. Since cobalt has an isotropic point at about 250°C, the self-reversal and the recovery phenomena may be explained in the same way as in magnetite.
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— This paper proposes peer-to-peer based decentralized network workflow system which is characterized by high mobility and decoupling of the workflow participants as well as the natural simplicity of the underlying model, which is highly important for the typically inexperienced users. Proposed architecture utilizes power of flexible Internet Indirection Infrastructure (i3) to organize desired workflow over available IP networks.
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—Efficient video representation models are critical for many video analysis and processing tasks. In this paper, we present a framework based on the concept of finding the sparsest solution to model video frames. To model the spatio-temporal information, frames from one scene are decomposed into two components: (i) a common frame, which describes the visual information common to all the frames in the scene/segment, and (ii) a set of innovative frames, which depicts the dynamic behaviour of the scene. The proposed approach exploits and builds on recent results in the field of compressed sensing to jointly estimate the common frame and the innovative frames for each video segment. We refer to the proposed modeling framework by CIV (Common and Innovative Visuals). We show how the proposed model can be utilized to find scene change boundaries and extend CIV to videos from multiple scenes. Furthermore, the proposed model is robust to noise and can be used for various video processing applications without relying on motion estimation and detection or image segmentation. Results for object tracking, video editing (object removal, inpainting) and scene change detection are presented to demonstrate the efficiency and the performance of the proposed model.
A halting algorithm to determine the existence of decoder

Complementary synthesis automatically synthesizes the decoder circuit E−1 of an encoder E. It determines the existence of E−1 by checking the parameterized complementary condition (P C). However, this algorithm will not halt if E−1 does not exist. To solve this problem, we propose a novel halting algorithm to check P C in two steps. First, we over-approximate P C with the linear path unique condition (LP), and then falsify LP by searching for a loop-like path. If such a loop is found, then E−1 does not exist; otherwise, LP can eventually be proved within E's recurrence diameter. Second, with LP proved above, we construct a list of approximations that forms an onion-ring between PC and LP. The existence of E−1 can be proved by showing that E belongs to all these rings. To illustrate its usefulness, we have run our algorithm on several complex encoder circuits, including PCIE and 10G Ethernet. Experimental results show that our new algorithm always distinguishes correct Es from incorrect ones and halts properly.