Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FLOW CONTROL OVER A RAMP USING ACTIVE VORTEX GENERATORS

A parametric study of separation control using continuous jets vortex generators was conducted on a twodimensional ramp with a mild adverse pressure gradient on a 2 m flat plate and a flow separation on a flap. Two jets diameters were investigated : 6 and 12 mm. For both diameters, co and counter-rotating arrangements were analysed. The control efficiency was quantified by wool-tufts visualisations and by four friction probes placed on the flap. It was found that a skewness of the output voltage of a friction probe greater than -0.4 is characteristic of flow reattachment. Different spacing between jets, different pitch angles, different distances of the jets to the separation line and different VR were tested. The best configuration obtained is a counterrotating one, with δ = 0.03, λ Φ = 27.3, L Φ = 15 and α = 135 ◦.
MicroRNAs in tear ﬂ uids predict underlying molecular changes associated with Alzheimer ’ s disease

Extracellular circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been dis-cussed as potential biomarkers for Alzheimer ’ s disease (AD) diagnosis. As the retina is a part of the CNS, we hypothesize that miRNAs expression levels in the brain, particularly neocortex – hippocampus, eye tissues, and tear ﬂ uids are similar at different stages of AD progression. Ten miRNA candidates were systematically investigated in transgenic APP-PS1 mice, noncarrier siblings, and C57BL/6J wild-type controls at young and old ages. Relative expression levels of tested miRNAs revealed a similar pattern in both APP-PS1 mice and noncarrier siblings when compared with age- and sex-matched wild-type controls. However, the differences seen in expression levels between APP-PS1 mice and noncarrier siblings could possibly have resulted from underlying molecular etiology of AD. Importantly, miRNAs associated with amyloid beta (A β ) production (-101a, -15a, and -342) and proin ﬂ ammation (-125b, -146a, and -34a) showed signi ﬁ cant up-regulations in the tear ﬂ uids with disease progression, as tracked by cortical A β load and reactive astrogliosis. Overall, for the ﬁ rst time, the translational potential of up-regulated tear ﬂ uid miRNAs associated with AD pathogenesis was comprehen-sively demonstrated.
Masked Deep Reinforcement Learning for Virtual Network Embedding on Elastic Optical Networks

—Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) with invalid action masking is applied to the optimization problem of virtual optical network embedding (VONE) over elastic optical networks (EON). Separate DRL agents are trained on the node-mapping task, link-mapping task, and overall VONE task. Their blocking probability performance is compared with a spectral fragmentation-aware VONE heuristic. All three DRL agents achieve lower blocking probability than the heuristic across low and high traffic loads.
Dataset variability and carbonate concentration influence the performance of local visible-near infrared spectral models

The application of visual and near infrared soil spectroscopy (vis–NIR) is an easy and cost-efficient way to gain a wide variety of soil information to cover high spatial and temporal resolution in large-scale soil surveys and in local field-scale studies. However, unlike for conventional methods, the prediction accuracy of vis–NIR spectral models cannot yet be estimated 10 before the data collection, which hampers its application at the local scale where often a high precision is required (e.g., field experiments). In this study we used soil data from six agricultural fields in Eastern Switzerland and calibrated i) field-specific (local) models and ii) general models (combining all fields) for organic carbon, total carbon, total nitrogen, permanganate oxidizable carbon and pH using partial least squares regression. 24 out of 30 local models showed an accurate or even excellent performance (ratio of performance to deviation (RPD) > 2) and the root mean square errors (RMSE) of prediction were, except 15 for pH, maximum five times higher than the lab measurement error. The variability of a specific soil property and the mean carbonate concentration in the dataset were the two factors influencing the performance of the local models. We found a significant relationship between the coefficient of variation in the dataset and the metrics for model performance (R 2 , percental RMSE and RPD). Starting from a tolerable prediction error for the spectral measurements, the regressions can be used to develop a sampling design that matches the corresponding target variability. The five inaccurately performing local models 20 with RPD < 2 were on the two fields with highest carbonate content raising the question if local vis–NIR models are suitable for soils with high carbonate concentration. General models combining the datasets from all six fields showed an accurate overall performance but the RMSE on the field level were higher compared to the local models
Increase of bacterial community induced-tolerance to Cr in response to soil

10 Chromium (Cr) pollution in soils is a global concern that should be assessed. Pollution 11 Induced Community Tolerance (PICT) methodology is a highly sensitive tool that can 12 directly indicate metal toxicity in the microbial community. Ten soils with a wide range 13 of properties were spiked with 31.25, 62.5, 125, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg Cr·kg -1 , in 14 addition to the control. Bacterial growth (using [ 3 H]-leucine incorporation technique) was 15 used to determine PICT, that is, whether bacterial communities developed tolerance in 16 response to Cr additions to different soil types. Some bacterial communities did not grow 17 normally at 1000 or 2000 mg Cr·kg -1 , probably due to high Cr toxicity, while others did. 18 Regarding below 500 mg Cr·kg -1 , bacterial communities showed two responses 19 depending on soil type: 7 of the 10 studied soils showed increased tolerance to Cr, while 20 for the remaining 3 soils did not develop tolerance to Cr. Furthermore, the Cr level from 21 which bacterial communities developed tolerance was dependent on the soil, i.e. Cr was 22 more toxic in some of studied soils. The Cr effect on microbial communities was mainly 23 determined by Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) and the fraction of Cr extracted with 24 distilled water (H 2 O-Cr) (R 2 = 95.6 %). Their effect on Cr in the soil might lead to an 25 increase in toxicity (selection phase of PICT). 26 27 28
An accelerated stochastic vortex structure method for particle collision and agglomeration in homogeneous turbulence

Modeling the response of interacting particles, droplets, or bubbles to subgrid-scale fluctuations in turbulent flows is a long-standing challenge in multiphase flow simulations using the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes approach. The problem also arises for large-eddy simulation for sufficiently small values of the Kolmogorov-scale particle Stokes number. This paper expands on a recently proposed stochastic vortex structure (SVS) method for modeling of turbulence fluctuations for colliding or otherwise interacting particles. An accelerated version of the SVS method was developed using the fast multipole expansion and local Taylor expansion approach, which reduces computation speed by two orders of magnitude compared to the original SVS method. Detailed comparisons are presented showing close agreement of the energy spectrum and probability density functions of various fields between the SVS computational model, direct numerical simulation (DNS) results, and various theoretical and experimental results fou.
An inductive superconducting transition-edge nano-detector for nano-dosimetry applications.

In this thesis I have demonstrated the feasibility of using Inductive Superconducting Transition-Edge Sensor (ISTED) as an excellent nanodosimeter for nano-dosimetry applications. This thesis can be divided broadly into two parts. In the first part, I begin by addressing how the study of low energetic ionising particles in liquid water using concepts from classical mechanics is a valid approach, despite being inside the quantum-classical boundary regime. Based on the circumstantial validity condition, I showed that the percentage uncertainties in nanodosimetric quantities due to Heisenberg's uncertainty principle for sub- 1 keV electrons in liquid water as calculated by GEANT4-DNA is not significant enough to cause changes to their distributions. Important nanodosimetric quantities studied in details are ionisation cluster-size distribution, second order of moment for cluster-size distribution (M$_2$) and the cumulative frequency of ionisation cluster-size distribution from cluster-size two (F$_2$). In the second part of my thesis, I have focussed on the design, optimisation, fabrication, characterisation of the superconducting devices. An ISTED is made from three components: a) a Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID), b) a superconducting thin-film and c) a top layer of thin-film Carbon absorber. I have measured the magnetic flux noise of a nanoSQUID of loop dimension 350 nm and nano- Josephson junctions of dimensions 65 nm x 65 nm as $3 \times 10^{-14} \Phi_0^2$ in the white noise region. It is shown that the measured nanoSQUID is more than capable of sub- 10 eV energy detection.
Climatological occurrences of hail and tornadoes associated with mesoscale convective systems in the United States

Abstract. Hail and tornadoes are hazardous weather events responsible for significant property damage and economic loss worldwide. The most devastating occurrences of hail and tornadoes are commonly produced by supercells in the United States. However, these supercells may also grow upscale into mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) or be embedded within them. The relationship between hail and tornado occurrences with MCSs in the long-term climatology has not been thoroughly examined. In this study, radar features associated with MCSs are extracted from a 14-year MCS tracking database across the contiguous United States, and hazard reports are mapped to these MCS features. We investigate the characteristics of hail and tornadoes in relation to MCSs, considering seasonal and regional variabilities. On average, 8 %–17 % of hail events and 17 %–32 % of tornado events are associated with MCSs, depending on the criteria used to define MCSs. The highest total and MCS-associated hazard events occur from March to May, while the highest MCS-associated portion (23 % for hail and 45 % for tornadoes) is observed in winter (December–February) due to the dominance of MCSs caused by strong synoptic forcing. As hailstone size increases, the fraction associated with MCS decreases, but there is an increasing trend for tornado severity from EF0 to EF3 (Enhanced Fujita Scale). Violent tornadoes at EF4 and EF5 associated with MCSs were also observed, which are generated by supercells embedded within MCSs.
Flying Ball and Beam System

This bachelor’s thesis aims to enhance an established ball and beam system by introducing a novel mode named Flying Ball and Beam. A designed hybrid system incorporates three distinct mathematical models representing different ball and beam movements. The hardware model is derived from the Flying Ball in Hoop laboratory model established at FEE CTU, which was modified and updated to create the Flying Ball and Beam. A visualization is developed to enable the verification of each mathematical model. Subsequently, three balancing tasks are implemented in Matlab and Simulink and tested on the real model. Matlab and Simulink are the principal software tools utilized in this work. The work culminates in writing documentation detailing the setup and utilization of the new laboratory model.
Introduction to CyBOK Knowledge Area Version

ion, 6, 8, 12 acceptable security, 12 access control, 9, 15 access management, 9 accountability, 4, 6 actuator, 4 air gap, 11 antivirus, 10 asset management, 9 attack vector, 6, 7 attacker model, 6 authentication, 6, 10 authenticity, 4 authorisation, 4, 6, 10, 12, 15 availability, 4, 11 awareness, 6 back-office network, 14 backup system, 10 banking services, 11 benchmarking, 15 biology, 3 black box, 8 botnet, 14 brute force attack, 11 buffer, 15 buffer overflow, 15 censorship, 6 chemistry, 3 clearance level, 15 code corruption, 11 code of conduct, 15 communication channel, 12 compartmentalisation, 14 complete mediation, 10 compliance, 6, 15 compromise recording principle, 12 confidentiality, 4, 10 consensus, 3, 6 correctness, 10, 11 cost-benefit analysis, 14 countermeasures, 14 CPU, 11 cryptographic primitives, 6 cryptography, 6, 8, 12 culture, 6, 7 cyber terrorism, 4 cyber warfare, 4 cyber-physical system, 4, 6, 13 cybercrime, 4 cybercriminal, 14 cyberspace, 4 data centre, 6 data processing, 6 data protection, 6 database, 6, 8 dependencies, 3, 12 development, 3, 6, 8, 10, 15 digital forensics, 6, 8, 14 distributed composition, 12 distributed ledger, 6 distributed systems, 6 diversity, 3, 5, 6 e-voting, 6 eavesdropping, 8 economics, 14, 16 economy of mechanism, 10 education, 3, 9 efficiently mediated access, 12 ENISA, 4 ethics, 6, 14 event system, 6 exploit, 6, 14 fail-safe defaults, 10 firewall, 14 formal data classification, 15 front-office network, 14 function creep, 13 game theory, 14 government, 10 hardware design, 5 hardware failure, 12 hardware security, 6 hierarchical trust structure, 12 human behaviour, 4, 6 human factors, 4, 6, 7, 12 human resources, 9
BURDEN OF DENGUE AND CHIKUNGUNYA CO-INFECTION IN PATIENT ATTENDING TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, PUNE

do not test the sample for chikungunya. (2)Therefore, there are probabilities of missing co-infection of dengue and chikungunya infections. (3)Co-infection might also be missed by surveillance systems because of diagnostic algorithms (e.g., Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO) ) which says that there is no need to test dengue positive samples for chikungunya. (4)Review of literature revealed no co-infection of dengue and chikungunya infection from Maharashtra particularly, Pune. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to assess the burden of co-infection of dengue and chikungunya in and around Pune.
A flexible z-coordinate approach for the accurate representation of free surface flows in a coastal ocean model (SHYFEM v. 7_5_71)

We propose a z-coordinate algorithm for ocean models which, thanks to the insertion and removal of surface layers, can deal with an arbitrarily large tidal oscillation independently of the vertical resolution. The algorithm is based on a classical two steps procedure used in numerical simulations with moving boundaries (grid movement followed by a grid topology change, that is insertion/removal of surface layers) which leads to a stable and accurate numerical discretization. With ad-hoc treatment of advection terms at non-conformal edges that may appear due to insertion/removal operations, mass conservation 5 and tracer constancy are preserved. This algorithm, called z-surface-adaptive, can be reverted, as a particular case when all layers are moving, to other z-surface-following coordinates, such as z-star or quasi-z. With simple analysis and realistic numerical experiments, we compare the surface-adaptive-z coordinate against z-star and we show that it can be used to simulate effectively coastal flows with wetting and drying.
Normal and Developmentally Delayed Infants MR Evaluation of Early Myelination Patterns in

This study demonstrates the ability of MR imaging to show progression of myelination in 64 infants and young children (ages 4 days to 36 months). T2-weighted spin-echo pulse sequences, frequently used for routine screening of intracranial disease, were used. Gray-white matter differentiation was seen in all patients, and changes occurring with age were documented. Three distinct patterns were seen, and age ranges were established for each pattern in developmentally normal children: (1) infantile (birth-6 months); (2) isointense (8-12 months); and (3) early adult (10 months onward). There was a statistically significant difference between the age ranges of the normal and developmentally delayed children showing all three patterns. These data should be helpful for identifying and following sequentially both infants with clinically suspected developmental delay and those with dysmyelinating or demye linating disease.
Microcredit: Impacts and promising innovations

Findings on the impacts of microcredit continue to evolve. Early evidence from randomized evaluations in low- and middle-income countries showed that the classic microcredit model did not lead to transformative impacts on income or consumption for the average borrower across many contexts. However, a subset of high-potential entrepreneurs saw high returns to microcredit. More recent research similarly finds that certain groups like experienced business owners can have high returns to credit
Constructing Concise Convex Covers via Clique Covers (CG Challenge)

This work describes the winning implementation of the CG:SHOP 2023 Challenge. The topic of the Challenge was the convex cover problem: given a polygon P (with holes), find a minimum-cardinality set of convex polygons whose union equals P . We use a three-step approach: (1) Create a suitable partition of P . (2) Compute a visibility graph of the pieces of the partition. (3) Solve a vertex clique cover problem on the visibility graph
The Role of Diffusivity Changes on The Pattern of Warming in Energy Balance Models

Atmospheric macroturbulence transports energy down the equator-to-pole gradient. This is represented by diffusion in energy balance models (EBMs), and EBMs have proven valuable to understanding and quantifying the pattern of surface temperature change. They typically assume climate-state independent diffusivity, chosen to well represent the current climate, and find that this is sufficient to emulate warming response in general circulation models (GCMs). Meanwhile, model diagnoses of GCM simulations have shown that the diffusivity changes with climate. There is also ongoing development for diffusivity theories based on atmospheric dynamics. Here, we examine the role that changes in diffusivity play in the large-scale equator-to-pole contrast in surface warming in EBMs, building on previous analytic EBM theories for polar amplified warming. New analytic theories for two formulations of climate-state dependent diffusivity capture the results of numerical EBM solutions. For reasonable choices of parameter values, the success of the new analytic theories reveals why the change of diffusivity is limited in response to radiative forcing and does not eliminate polar amplified warming.
Prefetching using Markov predictors - 25th Anniversary Retrospective

Processor performance improvements arise from a combination of process or technology changes, programming model changes to more clearly express parallelism and architectural changes to exploit that ILP. All of these factors come with differing costs and computer architects seek to balance design changes changes to reduce costs. In the 1990’s, it was clear that the disparity between CPU and memory speed was an impending issue and microarchitectural techniques such as multi-level caches, varying cache block sizes and cache organizations were important techniques to explore [8]. Later, the “Memory Wall” [19] made clear the disparity between CPU performance and memory speed, both in the instant and the future. Although fundamentally switching the computing model, as called out in the “Memory Wall” paper was possible, there were also opportunities to improve existing architectures through microarchitectural changes. At the time, Doug Joseph was a Ph.D. student at the University of Colorado while also working as a member of the technical staff at IBM working on high performance systems. Dirk Grunwald had been working on improving instruction [11] and data [3] caches. Doug Joseph had an interest an AI and machine learning which is also reflected in his current position on architectural acceleration for deep learning. At the same time, Dirk Grunwald had been working with others on the application of machine-learning to branch prediction using decisions trees [4]. They decided Doug should pursue a thesis based on a preliminary idea that was the gensis of markov prefetching. At the time, there had been extensive work on memory prefetchers that used arithmetic relations between memory addresses and were effective on structured workloads [6], [10], [13], [15]. Research on prefetching for unstructured workloads was less common [5], [12], [14], [20]. The Markov prefetcher that was the core of Doug Joseph’s Ph.D. thesis is a continuing evolution of what has been called correlation-based prefetching [1], [5] which was similar to a method patented by Pomerene et al. [16]. In correlation prefetching, a memory reference A followed by a miss B would create an entry in a “shadow directory“ that recorded that relationship. In [16], the shadow directory was off-chip and the reference stream focused on the miss references from the last-level cache (or references external to the processor). The key idea of Markov prefetching was to extend the simple A → B correlation to a full Markov model of prior memory reference behavior.
MESMAR v1: a new regional coupled climate model for downscaling, predictability, and data assimilation studies in the Mediterranean region

Abstract. Regional coupled and Earth system models are fundamental numerical tools for climate investigations, downscaling of predictions and projections, process-oriented understanding of regional extreme events, and many more applications. Here we introduce a newly developed coupled regional modeling framework for the Mediterranean region, called MESMAR (Mediterranean Earth System model at ISMAR) version 1, which is composed of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) atmospheric model, the NEMO oceanic model, and the hydrological discharge (HD) model, coupled via the OASIS coupler. The model is implemented at about 1/12∘ of horizontal resolution for the ocean and river routing, while roughly twice coarser for the atmosphere, and it is targeted to long-term investigations. We focus on the evaluation of skill score metrics from several sensitivity experiments devoted to (i) understanding the best vertical physics configuration for NEMO, (ii) identifying the impact of the interactive river runoff, and (iii) choosing the best-performing physics–microphysics suite for WRF in the regional coupled system. The modeling system has been developed for downscaling reanalyses and long-range predictions, as well as coupled data assimilation experiments. We then formulate and show the performance of the system when weakly coupled data assimilation is embedded in the system (variational assimilation in the ocean and spectral nudging in the atmosphere), in particular for the representation of extreme events like intense Mediterranean cyclones (i.e., medicanes). Finally, we outline plans for future extension of the modeling framework.