Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mass Continuity Equation in the Electromagnetic Field

A theoretical method with the quaternion algebra was presented to derive the mass continuity equation from the linear momentum. It predicts that the strength of electromagnetic fleld and the velocity have the impact on the mass continuity equation. In the gravitational fleld and electromagnetic fleld, the mass continuity equation will change with the electromagnetic fleld strength, gravitational fleld strength, linear momentum, electric current, and the speed of light. The deduction can explain why the fleld strength has an in∞uence on the anomalous transport about the mass continuity equation in the plasma and electrolytes etc. 1. INTRODUCTION The conservation laws are important invariants for the electromagnetic fleld. In the electromagnetic fleld theory described by the vectorial quantity, the mass continuity equation is solely dealt with the mass rate and the divergence of linear momentum. However, this opinion can not explain why the fleld strength has an impact on the anomalous transport about the mass continuity equation in the plasma and electrolytes (1,2). The algebra of quaternion (3) was flrst used by J. C. Maxwell (4) to describe the property of electromagnetic fleld. Similarly, the quaternion can also be used to demonstrate the feature of gravitational fleld, although these two flelds are quite difierent (5). By means of the scalar invariant of quaternions, we flnd that the mass continuity equation is an invariant in the gravitational fleld and electromagnetic fleld. In the quaternion spaces, the deflnition of mass continuity equation can be extended to the case for coexistence of electromagnetic fleld and gravitational fleld. Presently, the mass continuity equation (6) was limited to the case of weak gravitational strength. It is found out that all of related veriflcations are solely constrained to be in the range of weak fleld strengths, and have not been validated in the strong flelds up to now. With the characteristics of octonions (7), we flnd some impact factors of the mass continuity equation. In the electromagnetic fleld and gravitational fleld, the velocity and the strengths of electromagnetic fleld and gravitational fleld have a few in∞uences on the mass continuity equation. The results state that the gravitational fleld strength and electromagnetic fleld strength have an in∞uence on the mass continuity equation, although the impact of the fleld strengths are usually very tiny when the electromagnetic fleld and gravitational fleld both are weak. And then, the mass continuity equation is conserved in most cases. However, when the electromagnetic fleld and gravitational fleld are strong enough, their fleld strengths will afiect the mass continuity equation obviously, and cause the anomalous transport in the plasma.
BiMDiM: Area efficient Bi-directional MRAM Digital in-Memory Computing

Spin transfer torque MRAM (STT-MRAM) based digital in-memory computing (IMC) has been recently proposed for energy efficient processing of convolutional neural network (CNN). The conventional MRAM based IMC architecture suffers from excessive storage area since a large number of intermediate sum and carry bits should be stored for the following successive additions during multiply-accumulate (MAC) operations. In this paper, we propose an area efficient bi-directional MRAM digital IMC (BiMDiM) scheme, where the size of memory cells storing the intermediate sums and carries can be efficiently reduced by repetitively using the same memory cells during MAC operations. In addition, to reduce the number of inefficient half-additions, which can process only two inputs with almost same hardware cost, the addition re-scheduling is also presented to further improve the energy and latency of BiMDiM. The proposed BiMDiM architecture has been simulated using 28nm CMOS process. When compared to the baseline architecture, the proposed BiMDiM improves area efficiency up to 53%.
Embracing Risk in Reinforcement Learning: The Connection between Risk-Sensitive Exponential and Distributionally Robust Criteria

We explore the relation between the risk-sensitive exponential (exponential of total cost) and Distributionally Robust Reinforcement Learning objectives, and in doing so, we unify some of the popular Reinforcement Learning algorithms. Such equivalence (I) allows to understand a number of well-known Reinforcement Learning algorithms from a risk minimization perspective and (II) establishes the robustness properties of risk-sensitive exponential objective in the Reinforcement Learning context, which in turn provides a theoretical justification for the robust performance of risk-sensitive Reinforcement Learning algorithms in the literature. The robustness of exponential criteria motivates risk-sensitizing current risk-neutral Reinforcement Learning algorithms using such criteria.
Optimization of Wireless Power Transfer for Wireless-Powered Mobile Edge Computing

Wireless-powered mobile edge computing (WP-MEC) is a new network computing paradigm, which integrates with the advantages of wireless power transfer and mobile edge computing. In WP-MEC, the time of wireless power transfer is a key factor affecting the performance of network system when the harvest-then-offload protocol is employed. If the time of wireless power transfer is too short, the user cannot harvest enough energy; If it is too long, the task uploading time left for the user is insufficient. Both result in numerous user tasks being discarded. To tackle this problem, an optimization algorithm for the time of wireless power transfer based on differential evolution is proposed. The hybrid mutation operator and perturbation based binomial crossover operator are designed for this algorithm. These two improvements effectively enhance the optimization performance of DE, conducive to find the optimal time of wireless power transfer. Moreover, the micro-population is introduced into this algorithm in order to improve the optimization efficiency. Finally, the performance of this algorithm is verified through the existing computation completion ratio maximization model under the WP-MEC scenario with multiple edge servers. Numerical results show that the computation offloading scheme incorporating this algorithm can achieve a higher computation completion rate of user tasks than the benchmark schemes. This proves that the proposed algorithm can find a better wireless power transfer time than the benchmark schemes and is an effective wireless power transfer time optimization scheme.
Optimal number of terms in QED series and its consequence in condensed matter implementations of QED

In 1952 Dyson put forward a simple and powerful argument indicating that the perturbative expansions of QED are asymptotic. His argument can be related to Chandrasekhar's limit on the mass of a star for stability against gravitational collapse. Combining these two arguments we estimate the optimal number of terms of the QED series to be $3.1(137)^{3/2}\approx5000$. For condensed matter manifestations of QED in narrow band-gap semiconductors and Weyl semimetals the optimal number of terms is around $80$ while in graphene the utility of the perturbation theory is severely limited.
Radial Neural Network Processing Applied to Athlete's Personalized Psychological Regulation Detection System

Radial neural network is based in the world with the characteristics of active adaptation, active learning, active recognition, low error rate, and thought mapping and plays an important role in personalized regulation. However, in practical applications, due to the existence of pattern recognition, motion control, and a large amount of combined knowledge, the traditional methods are difficult to solve, even powerless, and cannot be effectively solved. Although the traditional BP network is more widely used, the BP neural network is easy to enter the regional minimum value during the training process, which leads to a lower training learning speed and low efficiency. The RBF network (radial neural network) is in a certain sense, and it can detect both known intrusions and unpredictable intrusions. At the same time, it is superior to BP neural network in data collection, pattern recognition, and personality customization. Through detection and comparison, it is found that the radial network has improved the analysis speed by about 20%, and the degree of privacy protection of athletes is as high as 99%, which is close to the full value, and the accuracy of the psychological control scheme is also improved by about 15% on the basis of the classic network. Athletes can be adjusted as soon as possible to achieve the best state; so, it will be an ideal choice to use a radial neural network for the psychological adjustment detection system.
Analysis, application and comparison of three statistical methods for the estimation of VaR and EVaR

In Finance, indicators such as Value at Risk, called VaR, and Value at Extreme Risk, EVaR, are commonly accepted to assess risk in investment portfolios. In this paper variance-covariance, historical and the peak on the threshold methods are analyzed in terms of their applicability to estimate VaR and EVaR. In addition, punctual and interval estimations under those methods are carried out. The procedures are reviewed under the specific context of investment portfolios. Special care was taken on the correct application of the proposed procedures in terms of their underlying technical assumptions. Their performance is illustrated using a simulated investment portfolio, and a real stock portfolio related to the construction sector in Mexico. JEL Classification: C1, G11.
Influence of Human Resource Management Practices on Employee Retention in Research Institutes in Kenya

: Employee retention has become an increasingly significant concern for just about every organization as new economy companies lure talent and as technical skills are in increasingly in short supply. Research institutes in Kenya are putting in place measures which can create a work environment that engages employees in the long term however they have to contend with the dynamic and competitive external environment in which they operate. This study sought to examine the influence of human resource management practices specifically employee selection and training and development with management style as a moderating variable on employee retention in research institutes in Kenya. The study adopted both descriptive and correlational research designs. The target population included 1413 research scientists, technical staff and professional support drawn from 5 public research institutes in Kenya formed under the Science, Technology and Innovation Act (repealed), 2013. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select a sample size of 303 employees (22%). Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires and data was analyzed by use of descriptive and inferential statistics using Predictive Analytics Software (PASW) version 23 formerly statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). Research findings were presented using percentages, regression model summary and beta coefficient tables. The study found that training and development had a significant positive influence on employee retention whereas employee selection had a significant negative influence on employee retention in research institutes in Kenya at 0.05 level of significance. The research also found that the moderating effect of management style was insignificant on the relationship between the selected human resource management practices and employee retention at 0.05 level of significance. The study recommends the need to improve these human resource management practices through effective communication and consistency in implementation of their policies and procedures, active participation of relevant actors and provision of prompt feedback as regards to these human resource management practices. development, Management style and employee retention.
Alterations in white matter fiber density associated with structural MRI and metabolic PET lesions following multimodal therapy in glioma patients

Background In glioma patients, multimodality therapy and recurrent tumor can lead to structural brain tissue damage characterized by pathologic findings in MR and PET imaging. However, little is known about the impact of different types of damage on the fiber architecture of the affected white matter. Patients and methods This study included 121 pretreated patients (median age, 52 years; ECOG performance score, 0 in 48%, 1-2 in 51%) with histomolecularly characterized glioma (WHO grade IV glioblastoma, n=81; WHO grade III anaplastic astrocytoma, n=28; WHO grade III anaplastic oligodendroglioma, n=12), who had a resection, radiotherapy, alkylating chemotherapy, or combinations thereof. After a median follow-up time of 14 months (range, 1-214 months), anatomic MR and O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (FET) PET images were acquired on a 3T hybrid PET/MR scanner. Post-therapeutic findings comprised resection cavities, regions with contrast enhancement or increased FET uptake and T2/FLAIR hyperintensities. Local fiber density was determined from high angular-resolution diffusion-weighted imaging and advanced tractography methods. A cohort of 121 healthy subjects selected from the 1000BRAINS study matched for age, gender and education served as a control group. Results Lesion types differed in both affected tissue volumes and relative fiber densities compared to control values (resection cavities: median volume 20.9 mL, fiber density 16% of controls; contrast-enhanced lesions: 7.9 mL, 43%; FET uptake areas: 30.3 mL, 49%; T2/FLAIR hyperintensities: 53.4 mL, 57%, p<0.001). In T2/FLAIR-hyperintense lesions caused by peritumoral edema due to recurrent glioma (n=27), relative fiber density was as low as in lesions associated with radiation-induced gliosis (n=13, 48% vs. 53%, p=0.17). In regions with pathologically increased FET uptake, local fiber density was inversely related (p=0.005) to the extent of uptake. Total fiber loss associated with contrast-enhanced lesions (p=0.006) and T2/FLAIR hyperintense lesions (p=0.013) had a significant impact on overall ECOG score. Conclusions These results suggest that apart from resection cavities, reduction in local fiber density is greatest in contrast-enhancing recurrent tumors, but total fiber loss induced by edema or gliosis has an equal detrimental effect on the patients’ performance status due to the larger volume affected.
QoE-Driven Optimization in 5G O-RAN-Enabled HetNets for Enhanced Video Service Quality

Many innovative applications are projected to be supported by 5G networks across three verticals: enhanced mobile broadband, ultra-reliable low-latency communication, and massive machine-type communication. Given the constraints of the current radio access networks (RANs), accommodating all these applications, considering their quality of service and quality of experience (QoE) requirements is not practical. OpenRAN is a new architecture touted as the most viable next-generation RAN solution. It promotes a software-defined component, the RAN intelligent controller (RIC), which governs and supplies intelligence to optimize radio resource allocation, implement handovers, manage interference, and balance load between cells. RIC has two parts: non-real-time (non-RT) and near-RT. This article introduces a novel QoE enhancement function (QoE2F) xApp to enhance the functionality of a near-RT RIC through providing efficient resource provisioning to users requesting high-resolution video services. It deploys an innovative adaptive genetic algorithm to perform optimal user association along with resource and power allocation in HetNets. Simulation results demonstrate superior QoE2F xApp performance in terms of VMAF and MoS for two different resolution videos and diverse numbers of users.
High cadence measurement of neutral sodium and potassium absorption during the 2009-2011 eclipse of epsilon Aurigae

The results of a spectroscopic survey of epsilon Aurigae during eclipse using a network of small telescopes are presented. The spectra have a resolution of 0.35 to 0.65{\AA} and cover the period 2008 to 2012 with a typical interval of 4 days during eclipse. This paper specifically covers variations in the K I 7699{\AA}, Na D and Mg II 4481{\AA} lines. Absorption started increasing in the KI 7699{\AA} line 3 months before the eclipse began photometrically and had not returned to pre eclipse levels by the end of the survey March 2012, 7 months after the brightness had returned to normal outside eclipse levels. The contribution of the eclipsing object to the KI 7699{\AA} line has been isolated and the data show the excess absorption increasing and decreasing in a series of steps during ingress and egress. This is interpreted as an indication of structure within the eclipsing object. The F star is totally obscured by the eclipsing object at the Na D wavelength during eclipse. The radial velocity of the F star and the mean and maximum radial velocity of the eclipsing material in front of the F star at any given time have been isolated and tracked throughout the eclipse. The quasi-periodic variations seen in the F star RV outside eclipse continued during the eclipse. It is hoped that these results can be used to constrain proposed models of the system and its components.
Influence of Plasma Spray Parameters on Microstructural Characteristics of TiO2 Deposits

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has emerged as an excellent photocatalyst material for environmental purification about two decades ago. In order to avoid the use of TiO2 powder, which requires later separation from the treated liquid, few researchers reported on ways of fixing TiO2. In these cases, many difficulties must be overcome such as maintaining the photoactive anatase phase as well as the mechanical stability and avoiding the mass transfer limitations. Thermal spraying seems to be an appropriate process to provide ceramic coatings exhibiting such characteristics. The present work assesses the influence of several spray parameters on the morphology of deposits, dominated by two void systems – interlamellar pores and interlamellar cracks – and on their crystalline structures. TiO2 was atmospherically plasma sprayed by systematically varying the process conditions including torch power, plasma gas mixture Ar/H2 and Ar/He, and cooling device. An analytical procedure based on XRD patterns was established for the determination of the relative amounts of anatase and rutile in the coatings. An Ar/He mixture as compared to an Ar/H2 one seems to enhance the formation of anatase from 38vol% to 44vol%. In both cases, a reduction of the plasma power increases the amount of anatase. Several methods of porosity determination were performed: image analysis, Archimedean porosimetry and calculation from phases, mass and thickness. Generally, the results indicate a total porosity varying between 15 and 25% depending on the spraying conditions.
Traducción intercultural en la construcción de solidaridad transnacional:

El artículo aborda la traducción intercultural como un elemento clave en la construcción de solidaridad transnacional a partir del estudio de caso del movimiento Marcha Mundial de las Mujeres (MMM). La traducción, más allá de lo lingüístico, es fundamental para la identidad internacionalista en los movimientos sociales. Para la Marcha Mundial de las Mujeres, esta es una cuestión central dada su diversidad de idiomas y culturas políticas, atravesadas por relaciones de poder. Analizo las políticas de traducción en reuniones internacionales de la MMM y la construcción de una agenda internacional basada en la solidaridad y la diversidad, considerando relaciones de poder. ¿Cómo se hace la traducción? ¿Quién traduce y qué se necesita para ello? ¿Cómo hacer que resuenen las luchas de mujeres de diversos lugares del mundo? La experiencia de la MMM puede ofrecer valiosas lecciones para el análisis de movimientos sociales transnacionales. La investigación se realizó como parte de mi tesis doctoral, con entrevistas a profundidad, análisis documental y observación participante en reuniones regionales e internacionales. Reivindicar la diversidad como una riqueza es una decisión política, y la traducción es clave para construir plataformas transnacionales desde una pluralidad de voces.
Parameters optimization of U-Slip Model of Underwater Bionic Robot Based on RNA Genetic Algorithm

In nature, marine cephalopods (such as Mimetic octopus) not only have strong ability of thinking conversion, but also have superior ability of bipedal walking, so the robot adopts the method of octopus bipedal movement. Aiming at the locomotion analysis of the underwater bionic robot, the U-SLIP model is adopted. In order to solve the problem of the difficulty of parameters determination and the walking distance of the underwater bionic robot, a parameter optimization method for U-SLIP model of the underwater bionic robot based on RNA genetic algorithm is proposed. Firstly, the U-SLIP model is built and its dynamic differential equation is solved to get the trajectory of the center of mass. In the process of modeling, through the analysis of the parameters such as buoyancy, resistance, leg extension speed and stiffness coefficient, the gait of the swing phase and the punting phase of the robot is described. Secondly, the appropriate fitness function is designed, and the parameters of U-SLIP model are optimized by RNA genetic algorithm. Finally, the simulation based on MATLAB shows that the optimized model can not only achieve stable walking, but also walk farther in the same time, and the appropriate optimization trajectory is gotten, which the effectiveness of the algorithm for parameters optimization is verified.
Three-Dimensional Digital Reconstruction Geometric Analysis for Fused Silica Microshell Resonators

This article reports, for the first time, a 3-D digital reconstruction method for the geometric characterization of fused silica microshell resonators (MSRs). 3-D digital geometric information of fused silica MSRs prepared by a chemical foaming process is acquired by an X-ray microscope (XRM). The surface points of the microshell are selected by pixel contrast to reconstruct the 3-D geometric model. The fourth harmonics distribution of spatial radius and thickness at different shell heights are successfully calculated with the reconstruction model. The finite-element method based on the reconstruction model is also established to analyze the resonant frequency and frequency split of the wineglass mode. Results show that the relative fourth radius harmonic decreases with the height increase, indicating that the chemical foaming process has the capability to restrain the asymmetry for fused silica MSRs. Besides, the wineglass frequency difference between the digital reconstruction model and the experiment is within 3%. The frequency splits from the digital model also correspond well with the experiments. This work provides new insights into 3-D shell information and may enable manufacturing precision improvement of 3-D MSRs.