Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strongs-Sequences and Variations on Martin's Axiom

As part of their study of βω — ω and βω 1 — ω 1, A. Szymanski and H. X. Zhou [3] were able to exploit the following difference between ω, and ω: ω 1, contains uncountably many disjoint sets whereas any uncountable family of subsets of ω is, at best, almost disjoint. To translate this distinction between ω1, and ω to a possible distinction between βω 1 — ω 1, and βω — ω they used the fact that if a pairwise disjoint family of sets and a subset of each member of is chosen then it is trivial to find a single set whose intersection with each member is the chosen set. However, they noticed, it is not clear that the same is true if is only a pairwise almost disjoint family even if we only require equality except on a finite set. But any homeomorphism from βω 1 — ω 1 to βω — ω would have to carry a disjoint family of subsets of ω 1, to an almost disjoint family of subsets of ω with this property. This observation should motivate the following definition.
RELATION BETWEEN SELF-DECEPTION AND TAX EVASION IN BRAZIL

Objetivo: Identificar a relação entre autoengano e evasão fiscal no Brasil, tendo em vista que elas podem estar relacionadas, dada a diversidade comportamental dos contribuintes. Referencial teórico: Conteúdos relacionados a autoengano e comportamento humano. Método: A coleta de dados deu-se por aplicação de questionários da subescala Self-Deception Enhancement e a Impression Management no período de fevereiro e março de 2020. Utilizou-se da regressão logística sob a perspectiva univariada e multivariada para identificar a relação entre as variáveis. Resultados e conclusão: Utilizando-se dos indicadores de cada constructo obtido na análise fatorial, verificou-se que o aumento na propensão ao autoengano diminui a chance de evadir fiscalmente. As motivações intrínsecas e extrínsecas dos contribuintes sugerem a necessidade de a gestão pública/privada estabelecer maior transparência tributária dos fatores socioeconômicos e fiscais para a redução e inibição de práticas de sonegação fiscal. Implicações da pesquisa: Os achados são úteis para auxiliar a Administração Pública na implantação de estratégias eficazes na promoção da inibição de níveis e efeitos da evasão fiscal, considerando a diversidade de comportamento dos contribuintes, sem ignorar suas motivações intrínsecas, uma vez que estas são determinantes para compreender a atitude diante de práticas ilegais. Pelas consequências geradas à economia e à sociedade, a inibição à evasão fiscal se faz necessária para o seguimento do financiamento público e a garantia pelo respeito dos princípios constitucionais. Originalidade/Relevância: O estudo aborda o tema por uma perspectiva que investiga o comportamento humano através de estratégias sociais que podem influenciar a prática de evasão fiscal e contribuir para a redução do gap tributário.
Rapid distortion of axisymmetric turbulence

A generalization of the isotropic theory of Batchelor & Proudman (1954) is developed to estimate the effect of sudden but arbitrary three-dimensional distortion on homogeneous, initially axisymmetric turbulence. The energy changes due to distortion are expressed in terms of the Fourier coefficients of an expansion in zonal harmonics of the two independent scalar functions that describe the axisymmetric spectral tensor. However, for two special but non-trivial forms of this tensor, which represent possibly the simplest kinds of non-isotropic turbulence and specify the angular distribution but not the wavenumber dependence, the energy ratios have been determined in closed form. The deviation of the ratio from its isotropic value is the product of a factor containing R, the initial value of the ratio of the longitudinal to the transverse energy component, and another factor depending only on the geometry of the distortion. It is found that, in axisymmetric and large two-dimensional contractions, the isotropic theory gives nearly the correct longitudinal energy, but (when R > 1) over-estimates the increase in the transverse energy; the product of the two intensities varies little unless the distortion is very large, thus accounting for the stress-freezing observed in rapidly accelerated shear flows. Comparisons with available experimental data for the spectra and for the energy ratios show reasonable agreement. The different ansatzes predict results in broad qualitative agreement with a simple strategem suggested by Reynolds & Tucker (1975), but the quantitative differences are not always negligible.
A Bibliometric Study on Research Trends in Hydrogen Production from Solar Sources Based on Scopus

Purpose: To carry out a bibliographic study reviewing scientific works related to hydrogen and thermal/photovoltaic solar energy being published within Brazil and globally. Method/design/approach: The Bibliometrics R tool was applied to analyse document data extracted from the Scopus database. Results and conclusion: Over three thousand documents about hydrogen with photovoltaic energy were found, published in 1,200 journals. Near 6,600 documents were catalogued for the general issue of hydrogen and solar energy. The number of publications per year continuously grew from 1975 to 2022, reaching 200 in recent years. Research implications: The theme related to hydrogen and photovoltaic solar energy still needs to gain space in Brazil, as the number of publications is modest compared with other countries. The present work shows that, despite the increasing attention that this theme is receiving, a lot of potential remains unexplored. Originality/value: This study seeks to map and identify the main published works on hydrogen production from solar-photovoltaic and solar-thermal sources. The study focuses on the global as well as the Brazilian scenario and uses the Scopus database in association with the Bibliometrix R tool to analyse the reported data.
Economic Shocks and Fiscal Policy Preferences: Evidence From COVID-19 in Spain

Do negative economic shocks change fiscal policy preferences? We examine this question via the large COVID-19 shock, as the virus and ensuing lockdowns caused one of the largest acute economic contractions in recent history. While previous evidence that recessions meaningfully change fiscal preferences is limited, we hypothesize that the health pandemic should have had distinct effects. We argue that this is due to the large breadth, uncertainty, and socio-tropic basis of the economic contraction, and that worse economic evaluations and reduced economic optimism should correspond with greater support for fiscal interventions to address the crisis. To test these hypotheses, we use new panel evidence from Spain, a hard-hit country, surveying individuals prior to the pandemic and the same individuals during the pandemic. We find that individuals became more economically pessimistic across many measures. However, there is little evidence that this translates into support for more expansive fiscal policies. Second, we find through a framing experiment that this could be because individuals believe that the government’s fiscal policies would disproportionately benefit lower-income individuals. The findings indicate the theoretical importance of recessions for changing individual and socio-tropic economic expectations, but do not support the claim that large economic shocks can significantly change fiscal preferences.
Conical dielectric resonator antennas for wide-band applications

Wideband dielectric resonator antennas are designed by shaping the dielectric materials. New dielectric resonator antennas of conical shape are experimentally examined and some results are verified numerically. Four different cone shapes are considered. The excitation is considered to be a coaxial probe displaced from the cone axis. Two configurations show wideband performance. The split cone achieved about 50% impedance bandwidth. The radiation patterns are computed within the band to examine the effect of the different modes excited on the radiation patterns.
Characterization of the human visual system threshold performance by a weighting function in the Gabor domain

Abstract As evidenced by many physiological and psychophysical reports, the receptive fields of the first-stage set of mechanisms of the visual process fit to two-dimensional (2D) compactly supported harmonic functions. The application of this set of band-pass filter functions to the input signal implies that the visual system carries out some kind of conjoint space/spatial frequency transform. Assuming that a conjoint transform is carried out, we present in this paper a new characterization of the visual system performance by means of a weighting function in the conjoint domain. We have called this weighting function (in the particular case of the Gabor transform) the Gabor stimuli Sensitivity Function (GSF) by analogy with the usually employed weighting function in the Fourier domain: the Contrast Sensitivity Function (CSF). An analytic procedure to obtain this conjoint weighting function from the psychophysical measurements of the CSF is derived. The accuracy of the procedure is proved showing the equi.
Optical fibre nanowires and microwires: a review

Optical fibre nanowires and microwires offer a variety of enabling properties, including large evanescent fields, flexibility, configurability, high confinement, robustness and compactness. These distinctive features have been exploited in a wealth of applications ranging from telecommunication devices to sensors, from optical manipulation to high Q resonators. In this paper I will review the fundamentals and applications of nanowires and microwires manufactured from optical fibres.
Changes in the own group bias across immediate and delayed recognition tasks

Face recognition is biased in favour of in-group identity, particularly strongly for race or ethnicity but to some extent also for sex and age. This ‘own group bias’ (OGB) can have profound implications in practical settings, with incorrect identification of black suspects by white witnesses constituting 40% of criminal exonerations investigated by the Innocence Project. Although authors have offered several explanations for the OGB in face recognition, there is little consensus, apart from the acknowledgement that the bias must reflect perceptual learning history. One matter that is not currently clear is whether the bias occurs at encoding, or at retrieval from memory. We report an experiment designed to tease out bias at encoding, versus bias at retrieval. Black and white South African participants encoded 16 target faces of both the same and other race and gender, and attempted immediately afterward to match the target faces to members of photograph arrays that either contained or did not contain the targets. After a further delay, they attempted to identify the faces they had encoded from memory. Results showed a strong crossover OGB in the delayed matching task, but an asymmetrical OGB at retrieval (only white participants showed the OGB). Further investigation of recognition performance, considering only images correctly matched in the delayed matching task, showed a narrowly non-significant OGB at retrieval, but the investigation was likely not sufficiently powered to discover the effect, if it exists.
The Research on the Autonomous Vehicles: A Bibliometric Analysis

—Autonomous vehicles (AVs) can create human social welfare by reducing traffic accidents, improving traffic efficiency, reducing cost, etc. However, there is a lack of systematic analysis of AVs research. This study used CiteSpace visualization software to conduct bibliometric analysis, and data were collected from 2663 valid documents in the Web of Science (WoS) from 2001 to 2021. By analyzing the annual volume of publications, major distribution, co-occurrence of authors, institutions, keywords, and cluster analysis of AVs research in the past two decades, this study reveals the historical evolution, hotspots and trends in AVs research, which is helpful for researchers to have a comprehensive understanding of this knowledge field and have a more objective and scientific basis for AVs further research from a quantitative perspective
End Corrections for a Concentric Circular Orifice in a Circular Tube

The results of an experimental investigation of the end corrections for acoustic resistance and acoustic inertance for a concentric circular opening in a partition in a circular tube are presented. The end corrections are taken to be that length which must be added to the geometrical length of the orifice when introduced into an expression for the acoustic impedance. This expression can be derived on consideration of a tube of infinite length failed with a viscous, incompressible fluid. Used in this manner, the two end corrections are found to take on the same values, these values agreeing with those derived for inertance on the basis of the mass contribution due to higher order waves in the tube, treating the orifice as a plane piston source. Graphical criteria for the onset of measurable nonlinearity are presented.
ISM and AHP Based Evaluation Indicators for Sustainable Community Product Service System

—Along with the research on healthy cities, sustainable community product service system has become a new hot spot in design research and practice. Since the design of a Sustainable Community Product Service System (SCPSS, hereinafter referred to as SCPSS) involves several subsystems of society, economy, culture, and environment, and its elements are intricately related, which makes it difficult for designers to carry out the design of SCPSS. This paper constructs a structural model of SCPSS evaluation indicators by using the Interpretive Structural Model (ISM) and determines the weights of each evaluation indicator by using the Hierarchical Analysis Process (AHP) to obtain quantitative evaluation indicators of SCPSS and provides ideas for SCPSS design and practice.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the age-sex pattern of COVID-19 deaths in India

ABSTRACT The SARS-CoV-2 virus (termed COVID-19) raised the mortality trends and diminished life expectancy globally. This study analyzes the age-sex patterns of COVID-19 deaths in India during 2020–2021 and how the age-sex patterns have changed between 2020 and 2021. We calculated the losses in the male-female life expectancy at birth (LEB) induced due to the pandemic by projecting pre-pandemic mortality trends into 2020 and 2021. The finding suggested that mortality rates have increased substantially due to COVID-19 in India, implying almost four years of losses of LEB in 2021. The age pattern of mortality differs by the years of the pandemic. In 2020, the disease disproportionately killed older people. In 2021, with the outbreak of COVID-19 delta variant infection, mortality also rose among younger adults. Moreover, in 2020, COVID-19 deaths were higher among males, whereas in 2021, mortality increased for both sexes. In conclusion, COVID-19 triggered a significant increase in mortality in India between 2020 and 2021, dragging the country to a lower LEB level in 2010–2011. The future impact of the pandemic is yet to be seen. Also, distinct age and sex differential COVID-19 health and socioeconomic impacts compel future researchers to include demographic heterogeneity in their study.
Paired T test-based analyses for the effects of video-guided Tai Chi training on balance and cognitive function of older adults

Tai Chi (TC) has been validated to be able to postpone decline of both cognition and balance introduced by aging. With severe economic burden posed by rapid population aging in many countries, it is important to explore extensive training and promotion of TC through efficient technology-assisted approaches among older adults in order to vastly reduce relevant medical costs. This study explores effects of video technology-based TC training on improving balance and global cognitive function of older adults. A six-week intervention of video technology-assisted TC training based on tablet computers was conducted among older adults. Cognitive function and balance of all participants were assessed before and after the video-guided TC intervention. Paired t-tests were performed on change scores of the four indices for cognition and balance to assess the significance of intervention effects. Results showed that cognitive function and left leg balance were significantly improved. Given this, video-guided TC training based on modern information technologies can significantly improve balance and cognition of older adults.
Elimination of zero-order diffraction and conjugate image in off-axis digital holography

The presence of zero-order diffraction and a conjugate image in digital holography essentially diminishes the quality of the reconstructed image. In this paper, a novel method that adopts numerical operation to eliminate the zero-order diffraction and conjugate image is presented. The whole process needs only one hologram and a complex finite impulse response (FIR) digital filter. The method of numerical elimination is simple; it filters the hologram directly in the spatial domain instead of in the frequency domain. The design of a complex finite impulse response filter is described in detail. The experimental results demonstrate that the operation can completely eliminate the zero-order diffraction and conjugate image and significantly enhance the quality of the reconstructed image.
A Transmission-Reliable Topology Control Framework Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning for UWSNs

This article focuses on the topology optimization problem to decrease transmission delay and prolong network lifetime on the premise of reliable transmission in underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs). This is extremely challenging owing to dynamic ocean current movement, harsh underwater communication channel, and increasingly demanding application requirements. With the development of software-defined network architectures, the centralized topology control (TC) strategy with a global perspective in UWSNs is expected to become a more effective way to tackle the above challenges compared with the existing distributed and heuristic TC strategies involving local network state information. Therefore, we first transform the topology optimization problem of UWSNs into an integer nonlinear programming (INLP) model and design a centralized TC framework to solve the INLP model. In this framework, a TC center is built to periodically generate the network topology for UWSNs according to the current network state information. Further, an efficient topology generation algorithm based on deep reinforcement learning (TGA-DRL) is proposed in the TC center. In TGA-DRL, to reduce computing overhead and improve operational efficiency, we formulate an action-space narrowed Markov decision process suitable for network topology generation and solve it with the aid of the rainbow algorithm which is a deep reinforcement learning model. Finally, the performance of our centralized TC framework is verified in terms of the node out-degree, algorithm convergence, and optimization effect.
Observation and formulation of two-dimensional speckle in the space and the time domains

We have observed two-dimensional speckle in the space and the time domains; the speckle appears when a coherent short optical pulse propagates through a disordered solid in the multiple-scattering regime. The conventional speckle theory is extended into both the space and the time domains. The possibility of application of this speckle to optical measurements is discussed.
Zeta functions with operator values

The famous Riemann zeta function is defined as an infinite series which is convergent in the half plane where the real part is greater than one. It has an analytic continuation to the entire complex plane except at the point one. This can be achieved with a functional equation established by Riemann. The Riemann zeta function also has a huge family of variations or generalizations such as the Dirichlet eta functions and the polylogarithm functions. The Riemann hypothesis conjectures that all the non-trivial zeroes of zeta function lie on the critical line where the real part is equal to one-half. On top of this, Hilbert–Pólya conjecture states that such zeroes should have correspondence to eigenvalues of a self-adjoint operator. Although there have been such operators found that support this conjecture, many puzzles remain to be solved. It is suggested that by allowing these functions to take operator values in certain entries and acting on certain test functions, one is able to explore more on their properties like the distribution of their zeroes.
The investigation of early hydration and pore structure of Portland cements containing waste dolomite powder based on 1H NMR

Abstract Waste dolomite powder (WDP) is being actively investigated as the additive of Portland cement (PC) for lowering the energy consumption and carbon emission of PC. In this work, 1H low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) was used to analyze the impacts of WDP on the hydration and pore structure of PC pastes at the early age. Meanwhile, the compressive strengths of blended cements containing 5–20% WDP were also measured. The results show that the T2 average value and evaporable water content of all the pastes decrease dramatically from 0 to 24 h, and the reduction rate slows down after 24 h. Adding 5% WDP can decrease further the T2 average value and evaporable water content attributed to its nucleating and filler effect, resulting in the compacted pore structure and the higher strength. However, adding more than 5% WDP degrades the pore structure and lowers the compressive strength.
Spectral solution of time-dependent shallow water hydroelasticity

The spectral theory of a thin plate floating on shallow water is derived and used to solve the time-dependent motion. This theory is based on an energy inner product in which the evolution operator becomes unitary. Two solution methods are presented. In the first, the solution is expanded in the eigenfunctions of a self-adjoint operator, which are the incoming wave solutions for a single frequency. In the second, the scattering theory of Lax–Phillips is used. The Lax–Phillips scattering solution is suitable for calculating only the free motion of the plate. However, it determines the modes of vibration of the plate–water system. These modes, which both oscillate and decay, are found by a complex search algorithm based contour integration. As well as an application to modelling floating runways, the spectral theory for a floating thin plate on shallow water is a solvable model for more complicated hydroelastic systems.
Weak Recovery Conditions using Graph Partitioning Bounds

We study a weaker formulation of the nullspace property, requiring it to hold only with high probability, given a Gaussian distribution on the nullspace of th e coding matrix A. We show that testing these weak conditions means bounding the optimal value of two classical graph partitioning problems: the k-Dense-Subgraph and MaxCut problems. Both problems admit efficient, tight relaxations and we use semidefinite relaxation techniques to produce tractable bo unds and test the performance of our results on several families of coding matrices.
Pronunciation modeling using finite state transducers

This paper describes some experiments with pronunciation modeling for spontaneous speech in European Portuguese. The transducer framework provides an elegant way to combine a pronunciation lexicon of canonical forms with alternative pronunciation rules. The main phonological aspects that the rules are intended to cover are: vowel devoicing, deletion and coalescence, voicing assimilation, and simplification of consonantal clusters, both within words and across word boundaries. Our aligner proved sufficiently robust to be able to process fairly long dialogs with overlapping turns, despite many limitations, namely in terms of absence of models for voice quality changes.