Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Some Levels of Cardamom, Clove and Anise on Hepatotoxicity in Rats Caused by CCL 4

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of three levels of cardamom, clove and anise on rats suffering from hepatotoxicity. Fifty five male albino rats (Sprague Dawley Strain) used in this study, the rats divided into eleven groups. The first and second groups fed on basal diet as a control negative and positive groups. The third, fourth and fifth groups were fed on basal diet containing (2%, 4% and 6% cardamom, respectively), the sixth, seventh and eighth groups were fed on basal diet containing (2%, 4% and 6% clove, respectively), the ninth, tenth and eleventh groups were fed on basal diet containing (2%, 4% and 6% anise, respectively). On the 27 day of the experiment, all animals, except the negative control group was administered subcutaneous injection 20% CCl in liquid paraffin oil at a dose 5 ml/kg body weight to induce 4 hepatotoxicity in rats. During the experimental period (28 days), the diets consumed and body weights were recorded twice weekly, at the end of the experiment period, the rats were fasted overnight, then the rats were anaesthetized and sacrificed and the blood samples were collected from the aorta. The blood samples were centrifuged and serum was separated to determine some biochemical parameters. Results showed that, feeding rats on basal diet and injected with CCl (control positive group) induced non-significant changes in 4 fed intake and body weight gain %, while liver and kidney weights, liver enzymes, lipid profile, except HDL-c, glucose and kidney functions increased significantly increase p? 0.5, as compared to the rats fed on basal diet in the first main group (control negative group). Treating rats which suffer from hepatotoxicity with the three levels from (cardamom, clove and anise) decreased body weight gain%, liver and kidney weights/body weight%, serum AST, ALT, ALP, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-c, VLDL-c, uric acid, urea nitrogen, creatinine, glucose, while HDL-c increased. The highest improvement in these parameters recorded for the group which treated with the high level of clove (6%). In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrate that clove, cardamom and anise increased antioxidant activity and improved hepatotoxicity of rats.
Synthesis and characterization of new modified photocatalysts for environmental and energy applications

Nowadays, environment pollution and energy crisis are widely concerned all over the world. It is an urgent task to develop environment-friendly technologies for alternative clean energies. Photocatalysis is one of the most promising methods for such subjects. The most used semiconductor in photocatalysis is TiO₂ due to its excellent physical and chemical properties, high availability and low cost. The modification of TiO₂ with metal nanoparticles has demonstrated have a beneficial effect in the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂. Identifying the factors that govern the kinetics of the photocatalytic processes and understanding the role that metal nanoparticles play is inherent to achieve the desired goal of developing more efficient photocatalytic systems.Although great strides have been made in the study of the effect of surface modification of TiO₂ with mono- and bimetallic NPs on its photocatalytic activity, a lot still remains unknown. Most of the investigations have been based on the study of kinetics or mechanisms involved in photocatalysis. There are few reported studies, which integrate the absorption, dynamics of charge carriers and photocatalytic activity.The later has motivated the development of the present work, having the main objective to study systematically the effect of metal NPs on titania surface in the three principals steps of the photocatalytic processes: (1) absorption of light (generation of electron-hole pair), (2) dynamic of charge carriers, and (3) efficiency of the photocatalytic activity.
THE PREPARATION AND SOLUBILITY OF LORATADINE-FUMARIC ACID BINARY MIXTURE

Objective: Loratadine (LOR) is a biopharmaceutics classification system Class II drug that has low solubility and high permeability, so its absorption rate is determined by the dissolution rate. The aim of this study was to prepare an LOR-fumaric acid (LOR-FUM) binary mixture and to investigate its influence on the solubility and dissolution rate of LOR. Methods: LOR-FUM binary mixture was prepared by the wet grinding method in an equimolar ratio by the addition of two drops of methanol. Characterization of LOR-FUM binary mixture was conducted by the construction of the phase solubility, powder X-ray diffractometry, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, and polarizing microscopy methods. Solubility test was performed in water at room temperature, whereas the in vitro dissolution test was performed in the pH 1.2, 4.5, and 6.8 buffer solutions. R esults: The phase solubility curve of LOR in FUM solution is similar to type B . The powder X-ray diffraction results show the crystallinity of LOR was changed become more amorphous indicating the salt formation. Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of LOR-FUM binary mixture showed the vibration peaks of an imine group on the pyridine ring of LOR and carbonyl group on the FUM are not detected. On the other hand, the polarizing microscope images showed the crystal habit of LOR-FUM binary mixture after recrystallized from methanol contrast to crystal habit of its pure components. The solubility in water of LOR-FUM binary mixture was higher than pure LOR. Amount of LOR released from LOR-FUM binary mixture in pH 4.5 and 6.8 buffer solutions was faster than from pure LOR. C onclusion: A binary mixture of LOR and FUM may improve the solubility and dissolution rate of LOR. Ke ywords: Loratadine, Fumaric acid, Binary mixture, Solubility, Dissolution rate.
Simulating Miocene Warmth: Insights From an Opportunistic Multi‐Model Ensemble (MioMIP1)

The Miocene epoch, spanning 23.03–5.33 Ma, was a dynamic climate of sustained, polar amplified warmth. Miocene atmospheric CO2 concentrations are typically reconstructed between 300 and 600 ppm and were potentially higher during the Miocene Climatic Optimum (16.75–14.5 Ma). With surface temperature reconstructions pointing to substantial midlatitude and polar warmth, it is unclear what processes maintained the much weaker‐than‐modern equator‐to‐pole temperature difference. Here, we synthesize several Miocene climate modeling efforts together with available terrestrial and ocean surface temperature reconstructions. We evaluate the range of model‐data agreement, highlight robust mechanisms operating across Miocene modeling efforts and regions where differences across experiments result in a large spread in warming responses. Prescribed CO2 is the primary factor controlling global warming across the ensemble. On average, elements other than CO2, such as Miocene paleogeography and ice sheets, raise global mean temperature by ∼2°C, with the spread in warming under a given CO2 concentration (due to a combination of the spread in imposed boundary conditions and climate feedback strengths) equivalent to ∼1.2 times a CO2 doubling. This study uses an ensemble of opportunity: models, boundary conditions, and reference data sets represent the state‐of‐art for the Miocene, but are inhomogeneous and not ideal for a formal intermodel comparison effort. Acknowledging this caveat, this study is nevertheless the first Miocene multi‐model, multi‐proxy comparison attempted so far. This study serves to take stock of the current progress toward simulating Miocene warmth while isolating remaining challenges that may be well served by community‐led efforts to coordinate modeling and data activities within a common analytical framework.
Evaluation of Protective Effect of Different Doses of Terminalia arjuna Bark Ethanolic Extract on Cisplatin Induced Oxidative Nephrotoxicity in Rats

Cisplatin (CP), a platinum compound, is one of the most active cytotoxic drugs used for cancer treatment. Nephrotoxicity is severe dose limiting side effect of this drug. Abnormal production of reactive oxygen species (ROSs) leading to oxidative stress has been implicated in kidney toxicity by Cisplatin. Here the study was aimed to evaluate nephroprotective effect of ethanolic extract of Terminalia arjuna bark (EETAB) at the doses (200 & 400 mg/kg, body weight) against Cisplatin (7.5 mg/kg, i.p) induced nephrotoxicity in rats. The evaluation was done by measuring % change in body weight, renal function tests such as Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), Serum Creatinine (Cr), Serum Total Protein (TP) and also Kidney SOD (Superoxide dismutase),CAT (Catalase), GSH (Reduced glutathione) and MDA (Malondialdehyde) levels altered by Cisplatin administration. Rats treated with EETAB2 (400mg/kg) significantly (P<0.001) reduced the elevated levels of BUN, Cr, TP, MDA and significantly (P<0.001) increased the levels of SOD, GSH, and CAT by restoring kidney architecture. In conclusion EETAB2 (400mg/kg) attractively showed the protection against Cisplatin nephrotoxicity. Keywords: Cisplatin, Nephrotoxicity, Terminalaia arjuna, Reactive oxygen species, Renal function tests.
DO FIRMS FACING INCREASES IN FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS TEND TO GENERATE CASH THROUGH TAX AVOIDANCE? EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA PUBLICLY LISTED FIRMS

This study examines the effect of increases in financial constraints measured at both firm-specific and macroeconomic level on corporate tax avoidance behaviour. Based on a hand-collected sample of 60 publicly listed firms on Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from the year 2009 to 2016, our regression result shows that firms facing increased firm-specific constraints exhibit lower cash effective tax rates ranging from 0.55 to 9.57 percent which equate to between 0.60 and 10.29 percent of operating cash flows, whereas at macroeconomic constraints do not. The firm-specific constraints result is consistent with our hypothesis and Edwards, et al. (2016), whereas macroeconomic constraints result is inconsistent. Nevertheless, its inconsistency can be caused by several factors, i.e.: (1) the change of corporate tax rate from 28 to 25 percent as fiscal policy after the impact of Global Financial Crisis 2008. It could reduce tax avoidance behaviour; (2) Indonesian Go Public Information Centre stated that the purpose of the firms’ Initial Public Offering (IPO) is not only to finance the firms’ operation due to increases in financial constraints, but also to increase firm value, improve corporate image, grow employee loyalty, maintain business continuity and get tax incentives; (3) the equity financing in Indonesia is more related to equity participation activities conducted among shareholders that’s not listed on the stock or bond markets, e.g. private placement, joint venture, mergers and acquisitions.
Seroprevalencia de Mycobacterium avium subespecie paratuberculosis en bovinos sospechosos sacrificados en rastro de Sonora, México

La paratuberculosis en una enfermedad infecto-contagiosa causada por la bacteria Mycobacterium avium subespecie paratuberculosis (MAP), y afecta al aparato digestivo de los rumiantes. MAP es de distribucion mundial, sin embargo, no hay publicaciones de la seroprevalencia en bovinos de esta enfermedad en el estado de Sonora. Por lo anterior, el objetivo de este trabajo fue detectar la seropositividad a MAP en ganado bovino de Sonora, asi como conocer su prevalencia aparente en una poblacion de bovinos adultos con emaciacion y caquexia. Se analizaron 385 muestras de suero de bovinos, 370 de hembras y 15 de machos, mayores de 3 anos, nacidos en la entidad con signos de emaciacion y caquexia. Se recopilaron datos sobre edad, raza, fin zootecnico y municipio de origen. La finalidad zootecnica de los animales fue en su mayoria bovinos de doble proposito con 84.93% (370/385). Las muestras procesaron mediante la prueba comercial ELISA. Los resultados muestran una seroprevalencia aparente de 2.08% (8/385) y los municipios que presentaron animales seropositivos fueron Hermosillo con 3 muestras, asi como, Guaymas, Huachinera, Ures, Villa Pesqueira y Fronteras, con una muestra cada uno. El presente estudio demuestra por primera vez la seropositividad a Mycobacterium avium subespecie paratuberculosis en ganado bovino de Sonora. Ademas de una baja seroprevalencia aparente en la poblacion de bovinos muestreada. La presencia de MAP en Sonora, la cual podria ser considerada como una enfermedad olvidada, pone en evidencia la necesidad de conocer su posible rol en la salud publica de Mexico.
Kinematic cervical rotation performance in patients with acute non-specific neck pain during the DidRen test improves after manual mobilizations regardless of the painful spinal level

Background: Evaluation of kinematic axial cervical rotation performance is of major importance in the context of studying sensorimotor control of the neck. However, studies are missing on acute neck pain, on the influence of the level of provocation of spinal pain, and on the potential benefits of manual therapy mobilizations. Methods: A non-randomized prospective trial with intervention assessed the influence of acute non-specific neck pain on kinematic parameters during a fast axial head rotation task standardized with the DidRen laser test device. First, we compared kinematic parameters between patients and healthy controls. Second, we assessed whether upper or lower spinal pain location influenced these kinematic parameters. Finally, we examined the short-term effect of passive cervical mobilizations in patients on these kinematic variables. Results: We observed that patients were significantly slower (total time) to perform the DidRen laser test (4.5 s; p<0.006) and to reach the end of rotation from peak acceleration (0.02 s; p<0.016). The time between peaks acceleration and deceleration (-0.03 s; p<0.003), the time to peak deceleration (0.004 s; p<0.003), to peak acceleration (0.04 s; p<0.001) and to peak speed (0.01 s; p<0.001), the average speed (7.2 °s-1; p<0.001), peak speed (21.7 °s-1; p<0.010), acceleration (143.5 °s-2; p<0.013) and deceleration (-193.1 °s-2; p<0.006) were significantly slower for patients compared to controls. No significant effect of spinal pain location was observed on kinematic variables. After the intervention, patients were faster for average speed (2.9 °s-1; p<0.02), peak speed (8.7 °s-1; p<0.011), peak deceleration (69.7 °s-2; p<0.007). Patients took less time to reach peak speed (0.01 s; p<0.033) and peak acceleration (0.01 s; p<0.028). They took also less time (-0.01 s; p<0.003) between peak acceleration and deceleration and to stabilize the laser into the target (0.12 s; p<0.026) and to perform the DidRen laser test (4 s; p<0.001). Conclusion: The DidRen laser test allowed to demonstrate significant differences in kinematic axial cervical rotation in patients suffering from acute non-specific neck pain compared to pain-free controls. No significant effect of spinal pain location was observed on kinematic variables. Pain reduction significantly improved the patients’ kinematic parameters.
Henrich, Heyes and Tomasello on the cognitive foundations of cultural evolution

We give a brief overview of three accounts of the cognitive abilities that facilitated the emergence and transmission of cumulative culture in the recent hominin lineage. These accounts were developed by Joseph Henrich (e.g. 2016), Cecilia Heyes (e.g. 2018), and Michael Tomasello (e.g. 1999, 2008, 2014) in collaboration with others. We pay particular attention to the different abilities that these authors think are foundational to human cultural evolution, and to questions about whether these abilities first arose as products of genetic or cultural evolution. Our hope is that by clarifying the similarities and differences between these projects, we will identify points of disagreement that could tested empirically, and areas where further conceptual clarification is required.
Social Class Identity Integration and Success for First-Generation College Students: Antecedents, Mechanisms, and Generalizability

ABSTRACT Social class bicultural identity integration research demonstrates that integrated social class identities are linked with better health, well-being, and academic performance among first-generation students. Here, we demonstrate that exposure to college graduates in students’ home neighborhoods before college is positively related to higher social class bicultural identity integration (Study 1), that the effect of identity integration on academic performance is mediated by academic self-efficacy (Study 2), and that the effects of identity integration on acculturative stress, life satisfaction, and overall health outcomes observed at a large, public university replicated at selective, private universities (Study 3). This suggests that the identity integration framework is a useful theoretical lens to conceptualize and predict health and performance outcomes for first-generation students.
Effect of Diluted Red Sea Water on Growth Behavior and Chemical Component of Moringa Plants

Background: Moringa tree is a drought resistance tree, fast-growing, Moringa leaves, flowers and pods are a food source for human and animals. It is a rich source of calcium, iron and a good source of vitamins, B, A, C, amino acids. Shortage of water resources for irrigation especially in reclaimed soil considered is one of the great problems to cultivate traditional crops. Thus, nowadays the use of the non-traditional source of water, such as saline water is very important. Results: The obtained data recorded that the lowest level of salinity (4000 ppm) decreased plant height, fresh and dry weight of leaves, the stem fresh and dry weight, stem diameter recorded decreased. Increasing salinity levels up to 16000 ppm high reduction was registered in the previously mentioned parameters except for leaves number. The interaction between salinity and proline concentration exhibited in most cases reduction in total chlorophyll. Carbohydrate content, protein, nitrogen%, calcium%, recorded reduction in most cases under saline condition and their interaction with proline. While, Sodium %, Clpercentage and proline content recorded increments in most cases under the previously mentioned circumstances. Original Research Article Metwally et al.; ARRB, 36(4): 72-82, 2021; Article no.ARRB. 67522 73 Conclusion: The results were nearly ascending order with increasing of salinity level. Increasing salinity to 16000 ppm decreased significantly the values of vegetative growth and almost all cases of chemicals constituents were reduced.
Synthesis of 2H-benzotriazole based donor-acceptor polymers bearing carbazole derivative as pendant groups: Optical, electronical and photovoltaic properties

1 Universidad de Tarapacá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química, Laboratorio de Materiales Orgánicos y Poliméricos, Av. General Velásquez 1775, Arica, Chile. 2 Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Facultad de Química, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Laboratorio de Polímeros, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile. 3 Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Facultad de Química, Departamento de Química Física, Laboratorio de Estructuras Biosupramoleculares, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile. 4 Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), CNRS, UMR 6502, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 32229, 44322 Nantes cedex 3, France. 5 Université de Nantes, MOLTECH-Anjou, CNRS, UMR 6200, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, Nantes, F-44000 France. * E-mail: iajessop@uta.cl
A Hybrid Solution Approach for Electric Vehicle Routing Problem with Soft Time-Windows

Bu calismada elektrikli arac rotalama problemi zaman pencereleri goz onunde bulundurularak ve hibrit bir algoritma kullanilarak ele alinmaktadir. Problemin modellenmesi asamasinda sadece elektrikli araclarin enerji tuketimleri ve sarj sureleri degil ayni zamanda geleneksel arac akis formulasyonlari ve yumusak zaman pencereleri kisitlari da hesaba katilmaktadir. Elektrikli arac rotalama probleminin cozumu icin bir hibrit yaklasim onerilmektedir. Onerilen yontem birbirlerinin eksikliklerini kapatacak sekilde Genetik Algoritma ve Benzetilmis Tavlama Algoritmalarini birlestirmektedir. Onerilen yaklasimin etkinligini gosterebilmek icin, 25 musteri, 2 sarj istasyonu, bir depo ve 3 ayni ozelliklere sahip elektrikli arac ile bir durum calismasi benzetimi yapilmaktadir. Performans olarak, onerilen hibrit yaklasim, yalin Genetik Algoritma ile karsilastirilmaktadir. Sonuclar, hibrit algoritmanin hem cozum hassasiyeti hem de hesaplama suresi acisindan daha iyi sonuc verdigini gostermektedir.
Focused on Author Productivity of Arthropathy Research Publication: A Scient metric Analysis

The study aimed to analyze the scientific productivity of Arthropathy research from 2010 to 2020 with an international outlook. The primary purpose of the study is to understand how far the Arthropathy research literature in the state of the art while it comes as a lifestyle disease. The data retrieved from the WoS database; take a sum of 4221 records contributed by 23083 authors. The overall study period finds that PEI value is increasing trend from 2017 to 2020. The degree of collaboration over the years from 2010-2020 and varies from 0.91 to 0.97. The mean value is 0.938. “Wukich DK is the highest H index value 13 (17 Records). Lotka’s law tested our study P-Value, then it is founded that the value of the observed authors was higher than that of the expected value which is 5.780324. To apply Price Square Root Law in study √N =151(7.09%), half of the literature 299.26, but it turned that it is not applicable in the study. The year 2020 shows the topmost value in CI (5.79), CC (0.185) and MCC (0.7210). The research ensures the current state of Arthropathy research and literature. It should provide new insights into future development in the varied sub-disciplines of Arthropathy.
Exploring Faculty Perceptions of Professional Development Support for Transitioning to Emergency Remote Teaching

Professional development (PD) for instructors at higher education institutions offering online courses is important for assuring the quality of online programs. However, PD opportunities for faculty members have often been piecemeal and inadequate. In light of the COVID-19 pandemic that forced instructors around the world to teach online, PD has become even more critical to the success of the instructors, students, and institutions themselves. This paper describes research conducted at a large university in the United States that used a survey developed to operationalize Baran and Correia’s (2014) holistic Professional Development Framework for Online Teaching (PDFOT). The survey identified strengths and weaknesses in PD support that could be targeted for growth and improvement. Key findings include a need to bolster support at each of the teaching, community, and organizational levels. Recommendations for addressing improvements are discussed.