Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Informative Bayesian Prediction for the Weibull Lifetime Distribution

Suppose components have lifetimes which follow a Weibull distribution with both scale and shape parameters unknown. Given the first r (r fixed) failure times of a sample of n components (type 2 censoring), predictions are to be made on the failure times of the remaining components in the sample (one sample prediction) and the lifetimes of unused components (two sample prediction). An outline is given of the general Bayesian approach for this problem using an informative Bayesian prior for both parameters. Iterative procedures involving considerable computation are necessary for calculating prediction bounds, but some simplification is possible on restricting the shape parameter to a finite number of values. Numerical examples are used to illustrate the procedure.
Energy and momentum exchange in transverse plasma waves

We calculate, by a perturbation analysis, the energy and momentum changes both of a single particle and of a distribution of particles moving in a transverse electromagnetic wave propagating parallel to the direction of the average magnetic field. It is shown that energy and momentum conservation of the particles and of the electromagnetic field leads to the same dispersion relation as has been obtained by Stix (1962) from solution of the Vlasov equation. More importantly, we are able to discuss the transfer of energy and momentum between particles and fields, in the context of stability or instability of the plasma. We emphasize that it is generally not sufficient to attempt to deduce the stability properties of a plasma from considerations of the energy gained or lost by the resonant particles alone. In general, one must also consider the additional constraint of momentum conservation and the effects of the nonresonant particles; this conclusion persists even in the limit of zero growth rate, when the resonant particles would be expected to play the dominant role. Two illustrations are provided. The real part of the frequency of the fire-hose instability is shown to be determined by momentum conservation, whereas the growth rate follows from energy conservation. For the new proton-resonant modes (Hollweg and Volk, 1970b), on the other hand, we find that the growth rate follows from momentum conservation, whereas energy conservation yields the real part of the frequency. We show that the earlier classification of the proton-resonant modes in accord with the sign of (Ap±ωr/Ωp) is, in fact, a classification assigned in accord with the gain or loss of energy by the protons. The small-wavelength extension of the fire hose leads to absorption of energy by the protons, and this mode could simultaneously cool the electrons and heat the protons in the solar wind near 1 AU; the other two proton-resonant modes lead to loss of energy by the protons and would aggravate the discrepancy between the two-fluid solar-wind model and observation. Finally, it is shown that the small-wavelength extension of the fire hose tends to reduce solar-wind proton thermal anisotropies to the observed values only for frequencies less than about 4Ωp, whereas the other proton-resonant instabilities lead in all instances to reduction of the anisotropy.
The functional and regulatory entities underlying free and peptide-bound amino acid transporters in the bovine mammary gland

Graphical Abstract Summary: Milk produced from the mammary glands of dairy animals has been recognized as a vital source of high-quality protein for human consumption. In addition to the common form, free amino acids (AA) absorbed from blood as predominant precursors for milk protein synthesis, peptide-bound AA transported by multiple transport systems into mammary epithelial cells also facilitate milk protein production. Here we summarized the expanding knowledge about how the 2 different AA transporter systems contribute to mammary AA utilization for milk protein synthesis as well as the major mTORC1-S6K1-4EBP1-mediated regulatory mechanism in the context of lactation. Such knowledge possibly provides insights into the feeding strategies of improving milk protein production in dairy animals.
Tunable Switching between Slow and Fast Light in the Graphene Nanodisks (GND)–Quantum Dot (QD) Plasmonic Hybrid Systems

Plasmonic nanocomposites demonstrate unique properties due to the plasmonic effects, especially those with graphene within their structures, thereby paving the way to various promising applications. In this paper, we investigate the linear properties of the graphene-nanodisks--quantum-dots hybrid plasmonic systems in the near-infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum by numerically solving the linear susceptibility of the weak probe field at a steady state. Utilising the density matrix method under the weak probe field approximation, we derive the equations of motion for the density matrix elements using the dipole--dipole-interaction Hamiltonian under the rotating wave approximation, where the quantum dot is modelled as a three-level atomic system of Λ configuration interacting with two externally applied fields, a probe field, and a robust control field. We find that the linear response of our hybrid plasmonic system exhibits an electromagnetically induced transparency window and switching between absorption and amplification without population inversion in the vicinity of the resonance, which can be controlled by adjusting the parameters of the external fields and the system's setup. The probe field and the distance-adjustable major axis of the system must be aligned with the direction of the resonance energy of the hybrid system. Moreover, our plasmonic hybrid system offers tunable switching between slow and fast light near the resonance. Therefore, the linear properties obtained by the hybrid plasmonic system can be employed in applications such as communication, biosensing, plasmonic sensors, signal processing, optoelectronics, and photonic devices.
A Cross-Scale Feature Aggregation Network Based on Channel–Spatial Attention for Human and Animal Identification of Life Detection Radar

This letter mainly considers the environmental clutter problem in distinguishing between stationary humans and animals through-wall circumstances. Focusing on the challenges of object identification in the time–frequency map, we propose a cross-scale feature aggregation (CSFA) network based on channel–spatial attention, which can improve the identification accuracy of stationary humans and animals. Specifically, life detection radar is utilized to collect data, and the time–frequency analysis method synchrosqueezing transform (SST) is used to suppress the signal noise and generate higher-resolution time–frequency maps. In order to make full use of the target information, we use a feature pyramid network (FPN) to obtain multilevel feature information maps from time–frequency maps. Then, the CSFA module is utilized to extract detailed micro-Doppler feature information from feature maps. And we use a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) to classify humans from animals. Experimental results show that the proposed model has a better performance in accuracy compared with the existing methods.
ICU Admission, Invasive Mechanical Ventilation, and Mortality among Children and Adolescents Hospitalized for COVID-19 in a Private Healthcare System

Aim The COVID-19 pandemic devastated healthcare around the world. Data about the COVID-19 outcomes among young people are still scarce. We aim to identify factors associated with the composite outcome among children and adolescents hospitalized due to COVID-19. Methods We performed a search in the database of a large Brazilian private healthcare system. Insured people aged 21 years or younger who were hospitalized due to COVID-19 from Feb/28th/2020 to Nov/1st/2021 were included. The primary endpoint was the composite outcome consisting of ICU admission, need for invasive mechanical ventilation, or death. Results We evaluated 199 patients who had an index hospitalization due to COVID-19. The median monthly rate of index hospitalization was 2.7 (interquartile range [IQR], 1.6-3.9) per 100,000 clients aged 21 years or less. The median age of the patients was 4.5 years (IQR, 1.4-14.1). At the index hospitalization, the composite outcome rate was 26.6%. The composite outcome was associated with all the previous coexisting morbidities evaluated. The median follow-up was 249.0 days (IQR, 152.0-438.5). There were 27 readmissions (16 patients) within 30 days after the discharge. Conclusions In conclusion, hospitalized children and adolescents had a composite outcome rate of 26.6% at the index hospitalization. Having previous chronic morbidity was associated with the composite.
New decoder for double-error-correcting binary BCH codes

A step-by-step decoding algorithm is presented for double-error-correcting binary BCH codes of length n=2/sup m/-1. The decoding algorithm can directly determine whether any received bit is correct or not without knowing the number of errors which have occurred in the received vector and also without determining the corresponding error location polynomial. The merits of the hardware decoder based on the algorithm are that it is very simple and fast. In addition, it is suitable for decoding long block codes.
VIRTUAL LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS FOR NEVER-ENDING LEARNING: A SURVEY

Knowledge aggregation is mainly based on education, training, and continuous development. This never-ending learning process starts with inoculating information and generating attitudes, continues with gaining practical skills, and developing a career in a particular domain. Internet technologies development facilitates today the expansion of various e-learning scenarios. In the education domain, distance learning is widely used for teaching and learning in domains like science, technology, or engineering, even if it sometimes becomes difficult to share or to access the whole experimental setting remotely. Virtual laboratories, virtual research environments, or science gateways refer to community-developed digital environments that allow integrated access via web or mobile apps to resources like data, software, tools, high-performance computing, and instrumentation. Virtual environments for learning or research are meant to update the students learning behavior from passive to active learners by promoting essential thinking skills for the transfer or use of classroom-acquired knowledge into a real-life setting. Nowadays, emerging technologies like virtual worlds, augmented reality, or computer graphics tend to overcome the principal difficulties and disadvantages of a virtual laboratory. Virtual environments add a significant contribution to various research domains, enabling bold new ways of facilitating more efficient and open research and learning. This paper aims to create a valuable source of information that outlines the field of virtual learning environments regarding different system architectures and experimental settings, offering a base for future research. The proposed research summarizes state of the art in virtual laboratories in the field of science, technology, and engineering and illustrates a comparative study between virtual learning environments.
Effect of standard phlebotomy on myocardial and hepatic iron levels in newly diagnosed cardiac asymptomatic hereditary hemochromatosis subjects with C282Y homozygosity

Standard phlebotomy effectively reduces systemic and tissue iron overload (IO) in hemochromatosis patients [1–3]. However, the long-term therapeutic effect ofphlebotomy on tissue IOinnewlydiagnosed cardiac asymptomatic hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) subjects during the course of standard therapy in a prospective cohort is not described. Up to now, only one cohort study examined changes in myocardial iron levels after phlebotomy therapy in newly diagnosed HH subjects as far as we know [4]. The study showed myocardial iron levels did not change significantly after 3 months of the standard therapy in the newly diagnosed HH subjects; however, it lacked longer termfollow-up,waslimitedtomyocardialiron,andhadnocontrolsub-jects. Therefore, we have examined the effect of standard phlebotomy therapy on myocardial and hepatic iron content measured with T2* (T2 star magnetic vector decay constant) derived from noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in our cohort of cardiac asymptomatic HH subjects ( n = 22) with C282Y homozygosity as well as in age-gender matched normal volunteers (NV, n = 21) who lacked the HFE mutation to cause HH over a 5-year follow-up in the National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)-sponsored “Heart Study of Hemochromatosis” (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00068159) [5–7]. The study
Quantitative Spectroscopy of Hot Stars

A review on the quantitative spectroscopy (QS) of hot stars is presented, with particular attention given to the study of photospheres, optically thin winds, unified model atmospheres, and stars with optically thick winds. It is concluded that the results presented here demonstrate the reliability of Qs as a unique source of accurate values of the global parameters (effective temperature, surface gravity, and elemental abundances) of hot stars.
An empirical torque relation for supercritical flow between rotating cylinders

An empirical relationship for the torque transmitted by fluid friction to an outer cylinder as a function of the angular velocity of the inner cylinder has been obtained by analysis of experimental data published by Wendt, Taylor and Donnelly. With one exception it is found that the torque G has the functional form $G = a \Omega^{-1}_1 + b\Omega ^{1 \cdot 36}_1,$ where Ω1 is the angular velocity of the inner cylinder and a and b are constants determined from the data. The formula applies to a range of values of Ω1 above the onset of instability extending to about 10 times the critical angular velocity. The experiments also show that the finite amplitude analysis recently advanced by Stuart gives the correct variation of torque over a short range above the critical speed. At speeds well beyond critical it is found that G varies approximately as Ω1. 51, and that the variation of torque with gap width can be expressed as a simple power law with exponent about 0.31. In an appendix Dr G. K. Batchelor shows that these latter relations are consistent with the supposition that the flow is steady and consists of inviscid cores surrounded by boundary layers.
A New Reference Sample for High-Frequency Multipactor Testing

Multipactor (MP) is a high-power effect severely limiting the performance of satellite communication links. A reference sample is normally used in the experimental setups for MP testing in order to verify its correct operation. However, the low gaps required for high frequencies jeopardize the manufacturability of the devices traditionally used for this purpose. A new reference sample, based on a stepped-impedance resonator (SIR), is proposed in this letter. The key design considerations are also outlined. A prototype operating between 17 and 18 GHz has been manufactured and tested, proving the novel structure allows higher gaps, and is, thus, suitable for higher frequency bands.
On the Dynamics of Droughts in Northeast Brazil: Observations, Theory and Numerical Experiments with a General Circulation Model

Abstract It is proposed that a possible mechanism for the occurrence of severe droughts over northeast Brazil is the establishment of a thermally direct local circulation which has its ascending branch at about 10°N and its descending branch over northeast Brazil and the adjoining oceanic region. The driving for this anomalous circulation is provided by warming due to enhanced moist convection associated with warmer sea surface temperature anomalies over the northern tropical Atlantic, and cooling associated with colder sea surface temperature anomalies in the southern tropical Atlantic. The combined effects of thermally forced subsidence and reduced evaporation and moisture flux convergence produces severe drought conditions over northeast Brazil. We have examined the monthly mean sea surface temperature anomalies over the tropical Atlantic and rainfall anomalies over two selected stations (Fortaleza, 3°46′S 38°31′W and Quixeramobim, 5°12′S 39°18′W) for 25 years (1948–72). It is found that the most sever.
Geometry and action of arrays of disclinations in crystals and relation to (2+1)-dimensional gravitation

Planar arrays of disclinations in crystals are described using conformal mappings of the Schwarz-Christoffel type. The point singularities of the maps are related to the cores of disclinations and the latter to mass sources in (2+1)-dimensional gravitation. Disclination dipoles correspond to dislocations and some of the latter may be associated with spinning particles in gravitation; collective states of defects are related to cosmological models. Finally a new action functional for defect systems is presented, using differential geometric methods.
Assessment of Polyphenols Bioaccessibility, Stability, and Antioxidant Activity of White Mugwort (Artemisia lactiflora Wall.) during Static In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion

White mugwort (Artemisia lactiflora Wall.), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely consumed in different forms for health care purposes. In this study, the in vitro digestion model of INFOGEST was used to investigate the bioaccessibility, stability, and antioxidant activity of polyphenols from two different forms of white mugwort, including dried powder (P 50, 100, and 150 mg/mL) and fresh extract (FE 5, 15, and 30 mg/mL). During digestion, the bioaccessibility of TPC and antioxidant activity were influenced by the form and ingested concentration of white mugwort. The highest bioaccessibility of the total phenolic content (TPC) and relative antioxidant activity were found at the lowest P and FE concentrations, as calculated relative to the TPC and antioxidant activity of P-MetOH and FE-MetOH based on the dry weight of the sample. Post-digestion, in comparison to P, FE had higher bioaccessibility (FE = 287.7% and P = 130.7%), relative DPPH radical scavenging activity (FE = 104.2% and P = 47.3%), and relative FRAP (FE = 673.5% and P = 66.5%). Nine compounds, 3-caffeoylquinic acid, 5-caffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-di-caffeoylquinic acid, sinapolymalate, isovitexin, kaempferol, morin, rutin, and quercetin, identified in both samples were modified during digestion, yet still provided strong antioxidant activity. These findings suggest that white mugwort extract possesses a higher polyphenol bioaccessibility, showing great potential as a functional ingredient.
Evolving Risk Classifications in AML in a Real-Life Scenario: After Changes upon Changes, Is It More and More Adverse?

Simple Summary Risk classifications in AML models modify definition criteria over time according to the advances in the knowledge of the molecular pathology of the disease. These evolving criteria impact the therapeutic strategy for individual patients. In this study, we aimed to analyze the evolutionary behavior of risk-classification models in a consecutive cohort of unbiased patients. Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease classified into three risk categories (favorable, intermediate and adverse) with significant differences in outcomes. Definitions of risk categories evolve overtime, incorporating advances in molecular knowledge of AML. In this study, we analyzed the impacts of evolving risk classifications in 130 consecutive AML patients in a single-center real-life experience. Complete cytogenetic and molecular data were collected using conventional qPCR and targeted Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). Five-year OS probabilities were consistent among all classification models (roughly 50–72%, 26–32% and 16–20% for favorable, intermediate and adverse risk groups, respectively). In the same way, the medians of survival months and prediction power were similar in all models. In each update, around 20% of patients were re-classified. The adverse category consistently increased over time (31% in MRC, 34% in ELN2010, 50% in ELN2017), reaching up to 56% in the recent ELN2022. Noteworthily, in multivariate models, only age and the presence of TP53 mutations remained statistically significant. With updates in risk-classification models, the percentage of patients assigned to the adverse group is increasing, and so will the indications for allogeneic stem cell transplantation.
Influences of Isolated Cumulus Clouds on the Humidity of Their Surroundings

Abstract Measurements are described of the distributions of humidity in the clear air surrounding small to medium sized, isolated cumulus clouds. Wind shear is the most important factor in determining the radial distribution of enhanced humidity around cumulus clouds. Significant humidity enhancements occur in the clear air on the downshear and cross-shear sides of cumulus clouds; comparatively little humidity enhancement occurs on the upshear side. The horizontal extents of the humidity perturbations in the clear air increase with cloud age. Stable atmospheric layers can have a significant effect on the vertical distribution of the humidity field; enhancements in humidity are generally confined below any stable layer. Four detailed case studies are used to evaluate the performance of the cumulus detrainment criteria suggested by Bretherton and Smolarkiewicz and Taylor and Baker. Although these criteria were formulated for clouds in an environment with no vertical wind shear, they predict the altitudes of.
Toward Trusted Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Swarm Networks: A Blockchain-Based Approach

The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarm is widely applied in many fields, such as disaster relief and geological exploration. However, it is highly vulnerable when facing an attack from internal malicious UAVs due to the underlying disconnected, intermittent, and limited (DIL) network environment. Recently, building trusted networks has been considered as a strategy to address security issues. Nevertheless, deploying a trusted network in a swarm faces many challenges imposed by the dynamic topology and limited resources of DIL networks. In order to overcome these challenges, we developed a blockchain-based UAV trusted self-organizing networking mechanism (BC-UTSON) to enhance internal security. Three key technologies are proposed for assisting BC-UTSON in achieving trustworthiness. UAV practical Byzantine fault tolerance (U-PBFT) is proposed to guarantee the lightweight consensus and real-time full-node trustworthiness evaluation under the hierarchical self-organizing networking structure of a UAV swarm. A blockchain-based multiweighted subjective logic (BMWSL) scheme has been designed to identify malicious UAV nodes based on the trustworthiness evaluation, which also assists the trusted path quality-aware dynamic routing (TPDR) mechanism to prevent data from routing through malicious nodes. The experimental results show that the proposed BC-UTSON performs much better than nonblockchain-based mechanisms for the UAV swarm.
Observations of the circumstellar gas shells around Betelgeuse and Antares

K i resonance line (lambda7699) emission has been detected from the circumstellar gas shell surrounding Betelgeuse ($alpha$ Ori). A shell diameter of 4''--8'' (80--160 stellar radii) is indicated. New observations of the Ca ii infrared triplet line cores are used to obtain a lower limit to the Ca$sup +$ (and, hence, K i) shell radius. The 8542 A line in $alpha$ Ori does not show a circumstellar absorption core, and the shell radius limit, R/sub shell/greater than or equal to31 R/sub star/, is estimated. A 108 mA circumstellar core is seen in the 8542 A line in Antares ($alpha$ Sco), and a shell radius R/sub shell/ approx. =4.0 R/sub star/ is suggested. (AIP)