Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reduction of Ammonia Emissions from Laying Hen Manure in a Closed Composting Process Using Gas-Permeable Membrane Technology

Nitrogen losses during composting processes lead to emissions problems and reduce the compost fertilizer value. Gas-permeable membranes (GPM) are a promising approach to address the challenge of reducing nitrogen losses in composting processes. This study investigated the applicability of two GPM membrane systems to recover N released during the closed composting process of laying hen manure. The ammonia (NH3) capture process was performed using two different systems over a period of 44 days: the first system (S1) consisted of 120 m of an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membrane installed inside a 3.7 m3 portable, closed aerobic composter with forced ventilation; the second system (S2) consisted of 474 m of an ePTFE membrane placed inside as an external module designed for NH3 capture, connected to a closed aerobic composter through a pipe. In both cases, a 1 N H2SO4 acidic NH3 capture solution was circulated inside the membranes at a flow rate of 2.1 L·h−1. The amount of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) recovered was similar in the two systems (0.61 kg in S1 and 0.65 kg in S2) due to the chosen membrane surface areas, but the TAN recovery rate was six times higher in system S1 (6.9 g TAN·m−2·day−1) than in system S2 (1.9 g TAN·m−2·day−1) due to the presence of a higher NH3 concentration in the air in contact with the membrane. Given that the NH3 concentration in the atmosphere of the membrane compartment directly influences the NH3 capture, better performance of the GPM recovery system may be attained by installing it directly inside the closed aerobic composters. Regardless of the chosen configuration, this technology allows N recovery as a stable and concentrated 1.4% N ammonium salt solution, which can be used for fertigation. The presented GPM systems may be used in community composting systems with low volumes of waste to be treated or in livestock facilities that have implemented best available techniques such as solid–liquid separation or anaerobic digestion, provided that the use of GPM technology in combination with these techniques also contributes to odor mitigation and improves biogas yields.
CHALLENGE THEME PAPER 2: SUSTAINABLE SEED SYSTEMS

The provision of improved planting material for clonal crops has a proven track record in poverty alleviation through raising crop productivity, both through improved seed quality and through the dissemination of improved varieties with their associated pro-poor traits. The provision of planting material of appropriate varieties is also often seen as a key intervention to rehabilitate farming systems following natural disasters such as drought, civil unrest or conflict, and in assisting the return of displaced persons. An example of the potential impact of improved seed systems in clonal crops is given by the adoption of the International Potato Center (CIP) sweetpotato seed technology (virus testing and tissue culture) in the Shandong province of China in the period 1988 to 1998. The technology was adopted over 80% of the production area of the province, which represents 12% of global sweetpotato production, amounting to some 17 million tons per annum, and resulted in average yield increases of 30%. The economic impact of this intervention was later estimated as providing an annual productivity increase valued at $145M per annum by 1998 (Net present value [NPV] $550M; Internal rate of return [IRR]of 202%), and the agricultural income of some 7 million smallholder farmers had been raised by some 3-4% (Fuglie et al., 1999).
Behavior-Based Detection of Abnormal Power Consumption for Power Saving

Abnormalities are caused by incorrect or inappropriate behaviors or appliance malfunctions. They may lead to electricity waste and safety hazards. This paper describes a novel appliance management system for detecting abnormal power consumption in convenience stores based on power meters. Our system detects abnormal power consumption through historical behavior models. Generalized extreme studentized deviate (GESD) and regression methods are applied to build behavior models. The behavior based abnormal detection methods can assist in preventing these waste and safety problems and improve the appliance management to achieve power saving.
P o S ( I C H E P 2 0 2 0 ) 4 0 1 The Data Driven Flavour Model

A bottom-up approach has been adopted to identify a flavour model that agrees with present experimental measurements. The charged fermion mass hierarchies suggest that only the top Yukawa term should be present at the renormalisable level. The flavour symmetry of the Lagrangian including the fermionic kinetic terms and only the top Yukawa is then a combination of* (2) and * (3) factors. Lighter charged fermion and active neutrino masses and quark and lepton mixings arise considering specific spurion fields. The associated phenomenology is investigated and the model turns out to have almost the same flavour protection of the Minimal Flavour Violation, in both quark and lepton sectors. Promoting the spurions to be dynamical fields, the associated scalar potential is also studied and a minimum is identified such that fermion masses and mixings are correctly reproduced.
Empirical training for conditional random fields

In this paper (Zhu et al., 2013), we present a practi- cally scalable training method for CRFs called Empir- ical Training (EP). We show that the standard train- ing with unregularized log likelihood can have many maximum likelihood estimations (MLEs). Empirical training has a unique closed form MLE which can be calculated from the empirical distribution very fast. The MLE of the empirical training is also one MLE of the standard training. So empirical training can be competitive in precision to the standard training and piecewise training. And also we show that empirical training is unaffected by the label bias problem even it is a local normalized model. Experiments on two real- world NLP datasets also show that empirical training reduces the training time from weeks to seconds, and obtains competitive results to the standard and piece- wise training on linear-chain CRFs, especially when training data are insufficient.
FastLanes: A SIMD-friendly Composable Compression Library

In this talk, we first analyze the current compression schemes and try to address the short-comings of the current ones. Then, we introduce a new library, FastLanes, designed to overcome these shortcomings. Wearguethatthe shortcomings of the state-of-the-art compression schemes could be categorized into four categories:
Prenatal care utilization and its effect on pregnancy outcome in West Virginia

Prenatal Care Utilization and its Effect on Pregnancy Outcome in West Virginia Cortney R. Usakewicz The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of prenatal care utilization and maternal dietary intake on pregnancy outcome among West Virginia WIC participants. The sample size (102-155) used in this study varied, due to the number of subjects that provided complete information for specific variables. Data were obtained from survey questionnaires, participants’ medical records and food frequency questionnaires. Data were analyzed by Statistica using Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation. Results of this study showed that women who experienced transportation problems or had problems with the father of the baby delayed initiation of prenatal care. In turn, these problems negatively affected gestation age and newborn weight of the infant. Alternatively, women who had family support and a good relationship with the father of their baby sought prenatal care earlier in their pregnancy. In addition, it was found that maternal nutrient intake was positively associated with newborn weight and length. Therefore, barriers and facilitators that impact on prenatal care utilization and ultimately on pregnancy outcome merit further research.
Control and identification of bipedal humanoid robots : stability analysis and experiments

• A submitted manuscript is the author's version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Observations and modelling of glyoxal in the tropical Atlantic marine boundary layer 2

16 In situ field measurements of glyoxal at the surface in the tropical marine boundary layer have been made with a temporal resolution of a few minutes during two 4-week campaigns in June-July and August-September 2014 at the 18 Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory (CVAO, 16° 52’ N, 24° 52’ W). Using laser-induced phosphorescence spectroscopy with an instrumental detection limit of ~ 1 pptv (1 hour averaging), volume mixing ratios up to ~10 pptv 20 were observed, with 24 hour averaged mixing ratios of 4.9 pptv and 6.3 pptv observed during the first and second campaigns, respectively. Some diel behaviour was observed but this was not marked. A box model using the detailed 22 Master Chemical Mechanism (version 3.2) and constrained with detailed observations of a suite of species comeasured at the observatory was used to calculate glyoxal mixing ratios. There is a general model underestimation of 24 the glyoxal observations during both campaigns, with mean midday (1100-1300 hours) observed-to-modelled ratios for glyoxal of 3.2 and 4.2 for the two campaigns, respectively, and higher ratios at night. A rate of production analysis 26 shows the dominant sources of glyoxal in this environment to be the reactions of OH with glycoaldehyde and acetylene, with a significant contribution from the reaction of OH with the peroxide HC(O)CH2OOH, which itself derives 28 from OH oxidation of acetaldehyde. Increased mixing ratios of acetaldehyde, which is unconstrained and potentially underestimated in the base model, can significantly improve the agreement between the observed and modelled 30 glyoxal during the day. Mean midday observed-to-modelled glyoxal ratios decreased to 1.3 and 1.8 for campaigns 1 and 2, respectively, on constraint to a fixed acetaldehyde mixing ratio of 200 pptv, which is consistent with recent 32 airborne measurements near CVAO. However, a significant model underprediction remains at night. The model was sensitive to changes in deposition rates of model intermediates and the uptake of glyoxal onto aerosol. The midday 34 (1100-1300) mean modelled glyoxal mixing ratio decreased by factors of 0.87 and 0.90 on doubling the deposition rates of model intermediates and aerosol uptake of glyoxal, respectively, and increased by factors of 1.10 and 1.06 on 36 halving the deposition rates of model intermediates and aerosol uptake of glyoxal, respectively. Although measured https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-940 Preprint. Discussion started: 17 November 2021 c © Author(s) 2021. CC BY 4.0 License.
New Alstom Monitoring Tools Leveraging Artificial Neural Network Technologies

This study presents a methodology to improve monitoring of gas turbines (GTs) while not having the specific engine characteristics available by applying a nonparametric statistical modeling based on operational data. The goal is to quantify the relationship between the operational conditions and the GT performance parameters during normal operation. In this study, the Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) Neural Network (NN) model is used to develop so called baseline models of the GTs. To verify the generic applicability, two different GTs and several units for each GT type are evaluated. A methodology to both, selecting the appropriate models with regard to input and output parameters as well as validating the selection of the parameters is reported. The key result can be summarized as: MLPs can be used for statistical modeling of GTs with very high accuracy, which permits an accurate prediction of the performance parameters during different operational conditions. It is also shown that under certain conditions, a developed NN model can be transferred to a similar GT. In summary, this study shows that NN can be used to improve on-line monitoring of a GT, making it possible to detect trends in the measured data indicating a change in the health status of the engine, requiring operational data only for model development.Copyright © 2011 by ASME and Alstom Technology Ltd.
Wire bond loop profile development for fine pitch-long wire assembly

It is confirmed that the response surface methodology makes it possible to define the bonding parameters required to produce the 'ideal' loop profile for greater than 150 mil wire length. If one chooses to change the loop profile, the data already exist from the chart generated. The changes in the bonding parameters and the changes in the loop profile from 150 mil to 175 mil wire lengths are well characterized. In almost all cases the differences are well understood. These data could imply that the manufacturability of 175 mil wire lengths versus 150 mil may be more forgiving, because the 'ideal' 175 mil wire loop has a larger window of operation than that of a 150 mil wire. <<ETX>>
Hybrid Composite Material Reinforced with Carbon Nanolaminates for Gradient Stiffness: Preparation and Characterization

Currently, the procurement of lightweight, tough, and impact resistant materials is garnering significant industrial interest. New hybrid materials can be developed on the basis of the numerous naturally found materials with gradient properties found in nature. However, previous studies on granular materials demonstrate the possibility of capturing the energy generated by an impact within the material itself, thus deconstructing the initial impulse into a series of weaker impulses, dissipating the energy through various mechanisms, and gradually releasing undissipated energy. This work focuses on two production methods: spin coating for creating a granular material with composition and property gradients (an acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) polymer matrix reinforced by carbon nanolaminates at 0.10%, 0.25%, and 0.50%) and 3D printing for generating viscoelastic layers. The aim of this research was to obtain a hybrid material from which better behaviour against shocks and impacts and increased energy dissipation capacity could be expected when the granular material and viscoelastic layers were combined. Nondestructive tests were employed for the morphological characterization of the nanoreinforcement and testing reinforcement homogeneity within the matrix. Furthermore, the Voronoï tessellation method was used as a mathematical method to supplement the results. Finally, mechanical compression tests were performed to reveal additional mechanical properties of the material that had not been specified by the manufacturer of the 3D printing filaments.
Nanocomposite of Fullerenes and Natural Rubbers: MARTINI Force Field Molecular Dynamics Simulations

The mechanical properties of natural rubber (NR) composites depend on many factors, including the filler loading, filler size, filler dispersion, and filler-rubber interfacial interactions. Thus, NR composites with nano-sized fillers have attracted a great deal of attention for improving properties such as stiffness, chemical resistance, and high wear resistance. Here, a coarse-grained (CG) model based on the MARTINI force field version 2.1 has been developed and deployed for simulations of cis-1,4-polyisoprene (cis-PI). The model shows qualitative and quantitative agreement with the experiments and atomistic simulations. Interestingly, only a 0.5% difference with respect to the experimental result of the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the cis-PI in the melts was observed. In addition, the mechanical and thermodynamical properties of the cis-PI-fullerene(C60) composites were investigated. Coarse-grained molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of cis-PI-C60 composites with varying fullerene concentrations (0–32 parts per hundred of rubber; phr) were performed over 200 microseconds. The structural, mechanical, and thermal properties of the composites were determined. The density, bulk modulus, thermal expansion, heat capacity, and Tg of the NR composites were found to increase with increasing C60 concentration. The presence of C60 resulted in a slight increasing of the end-to-end distance and radius of the gyration of the cis-PI chains. The contribution of C60 and cis-PI interfacial interactions led to an enhancement of the bulk moduli of the composites. This model should be helpful in the investigations and design of effective fillers of NR-C60 composites for improving their properties.
Signal Quality Index Based on Template Cross-Correlation in Multimodal Biosignal Chair for Smart Healthcare

We investigated the effects of a quality screening method on unconstrained measured signals, including electrocardiogram (ECG), photoplethysmogram (PPG), and ballistocardiogram (BCG) signals, in our collective chair system for smart healthcare. Such an investigation is necessary because unattached or unbound sensors have weaker connections to body parts than do conventional methods. Using the biosignal chair, the physiological signals collected during sessions included a virtual driving task, a physically powered wheelchair drive, and three types of body motions. The signal quality index was defined by the similarity between the observed signals and noise-free signals from the perspective of the cross-correlations of coefficients with appropriate individual templates. The goal of the index was to qualify signals without a reference signal to assess the practical use of the chair in daily life. As expected, motion artifacts have adverse effects on the stability of physiological signals. However, we were able to observe a supplementary relationship between sensors depending on each movement trait. Except for extreme movements, the signal quality and estimated heart rate (HR) remained within the range of criteria usable for status monitoring. By investigating the signal reliability, we were able to confirm the suitability of using the unconstrained biosignal chair to collect real-life measurements to improve safety and healthcare.
Numerical Simulations of Laser-Induced Shock Experiments on Graphite

The development of particle accelerators with ever increasing energies is raising the standards of the structures which could interact with the particle beams. These structures could be subjected to strong shockwaves in accidental scenarios. In order to test materials in such conditions, one of the most promising techniques is the impact with high-power lasers. In view of the setting up of future experimental campaigns within the Petawatt High-Energy Laser for Heavy Ion Experiments (PHELIX), the present work aims at the development of a numerical approach for the simulation of graphite impacted by laser beams. In particular, the focus is on the spallation damage caused by shockwave reflection: a sufficiently intense laser beam could ablate the matter until plasma conditions, hence producing a shockwave which could travel inside the material and reach a free surface. A numerical model to properly describe the spall fragmentation of graphite has been calibrated on the basis of literature-available experimental data. The numerical approach is a ‘two-step’ procedure: the first step is the definition of the laser–matter interaction and the second one concerns the description of the shockwave evolution into matter. The simulations satisfactorily reproduce the dynamic response of graphite impacted by two different laser sources with various intensities, despite the difficulties of characterising a phenomenon which is extremely fast and chaotic.
Higher versus Lower Oxygen Concentration during Respiratory Support in the Delivery Room in Extremely Preterm Infants: A Pilot Feasibility Study

Background: Optimal starting oxygen concentration for delivery room resuscitation of extremely preterm infants (<29 weeks) remains unknown, with recommendations of 21–30% based on uncertain evidence. Individual patient randomized trials designed to answer this question have been hampered by poor enrolment. Hypothesis: It is feasible to compare 30% vs. 60% starting oxygen for delivery room resuscitation of extremely preterm infants using a change in local hospital policy and deferred consent approach. Study design: Prospective, single-center, feasibility study, with each starting oxygen concentration used for two months for all eligible infants. Population: Infants born at 23 + 0–28 + 6 weeks’ gestation who received delivery room resuscitation. Study interventions: Initial oxygen at 30% or 60%, increasing by 10–20% every minute for heart rate < 100 bpm, or increase to 100% for chest compressions. Primary outcome: Feasibility, defined by (i) achieving difference in cumulative supplied oxygen concentration between groups, and (ii) post-intervention rate consent >50%. Results: Thirty-four infants were born during a 4-month period; consent was obtained in 63%. Thirty (n = 12, 30% group; n = 18, 60% group) were analyzed, including limited data from eight who died or were transferred before parents could be approached. Median cumulative oxygen concentrations were significantly different between the two groups in the first 5 min. Conclusion: Randomized control trial of 30% or 60% oxygen at the initiation of resuscitation of extremely preterm neonates with deferred consent is feasible. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03706586
Electrical properties of ultrasmall low temperature solder joints for LCD driver IC packaging applications

We studied the electrical characteristics of ultrasmall eutectic Bi-Sn and eutectic In-Ag solder joints for LCD driver IC packaging applications. Using the eutectic Bi-Sn and eutectic In-Ag solder bumps of 80-50 /spl mu/m pitch sizes, a ultrafine solder joint between an IC and the glass substrate was successfully made at 160/spl deg/C. The contact resistances of the solder joint were 42 m/spl Omega/ at 50 /spl square/ pitch and 8-12 m/spl Omega/ at 80 /spl square/ pitch, which was much lower than that of the joint made using the conventional ACF bonding technique. The Bi-Sn solder joints with underfill showed excellent reliability in a hot humid environment.
Modellierung der Erregungsausbreitung im Herzen am Beispiel des Visible Man Datensatzes

EINLEITUNG Die Kenntnis der Verteilung des elektrischen Potentials auf der Körperoberfläche ist für die kardiologische Diagnostik von großer Bedeutung. Durch die Auswertung des Potentials ist es möglich, Pathologien des Herzens zu erkennen. Mit dem in dieser Arbeit vorgestellten dreidimensionalen Modell des menschlichen Herzens können elektrophysiologische Vorgänge im Herzen simuliert werden. Grundlage für die Simulation ist die Modellierung der Erregungsausbreitung im menschlichen Herzen, aus der die Potentialund Stromdichteverteilung ermittelt wird. Diese kann zur numerischen Berechnung der Potential Verteilung auf der Körperoberfläche eingesetzt werden.