Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling Radio Circular Polarization in the Crab Nebula

In this paper we present, for the first time, simulated maps of the circularly polarized synchrotron emission from the Crab nebula, using multidimensional state of the art models for the magnetic field geometry. Synchrotron emission is the signature of non-thermal emitting particles, typical of many high-energy astrophysical sources, both Galactic and extra-galactic ones. Its spectral and polarization properties allow us to infer key informations on the particles distribution function and magnetic field geometry. In recent years our understanding of pulsar wind nebulae has improved substantially thanks to a combination of observations and numerical models. A robust detection or non-detection of circular polarization will enable us to discriminate between an electron-proton plasma and a pair plasma, clarifying once for all the origin of the radio emitting particles, setting strong constraints on the pair production in pulsar magnetosphere, and the role of turbulence in the nebula. Previous attempts at measuring the circular polarization have only provided upper limits, but the lack of accurate estimates, based on reliable models, makes their interpretation ambiguous. We show here that those results are above the expected values, and that current polarimetric tecniques are not robust enough for conclusive result, suggesting that improvements in construction and calibration of next generation radio facilities are necessary to achieve the desired sensitivity.
Enhanced output entanglement with reservoir engineering

We study the output entanglement in a three-mode optomechanical system via reservoir engineering by shifting the center frequency of filter function away from resonant frequency. We find the bandwidth of the filter function can suppress the entanglement in the vicinity of resonant frequency of the system, while the entanglement will become prosperous if the center frequency departs from the resonant frequency. We obtain the approximate analytical expressions of the output entanglement, and from which we give the optimal center frequency at which the entanglement takes the maximum. Furthermore, we study the effects of time delay between the two output fields on the output entanglement, and obtain the optimal time delay for the case of large filter bandwidth.
COBAIN: generalized 3D radiative transfer code for contact binary atmospheres

Contact binary stars have been known to have a peculiar and somewhat mysterious hydro- and thermodynamical structure since their discovery, which directly affects the radiation distribution in their atmospheres. Over the past several decades, however, observational data of contact binaries have been modeled through a simplified approach, involving the artificial concatenation of the two components of the contact envelope and populating their respective surfaces with either blackbody atmospheres or plane-parallel model atmospheres of single stars. We show the implications this approach has on the reliability of the system parameter values and propose a method to overcome these issues with a new generalized radiative transfer code, COBAIN (COntact Binary Atmospheres with INterpolation). The basic principles of COBAIN are outlined and their application to different geometries and polytropic stellar structures is discussed. We present initial tests on single non-rotating, uniformly rotating and differentially rotating stars, as well as on simplified polytropic structural models of contact binaries. We briefly discuss the final goal of this ambitious project, which is the computation of model atmosphere tables under the correct assumptions for contact binary stars, to be used in modern binary star analysis codes.
Controlled anisotropic dynamics of tightly bound skyrmions in a synthetic ferrimagnet due to skyrmion deformation mediated by induced uniaxial in-plane anisotropy

We study speed and skew deflection-angle dependence on skyrmion deformations of a tightly bound two-skyrmion state in a synthetic ferrimagnet. We condsider here, an in-plane uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy-term in order to induce lateral shape distortions and an overall size modulation of the skyrmions due to a reduction of the effective out-of-plane anisotropy, thus affecting the skyrmion speed, skew-deflection and inducing anisotropy in these quantities with respect to the driving current-angle. Because of frustrated dipolar interactions in a synthetic ferrimagnet, sizeable skyrmion deformations can be induced with relatively small induced anisotropy constants and thus a wide range of tuneability can be achieved. We also show analytically, that a consequence of the skyrmion deformation can, under certain conditions cause a skyrmion deflection with respect to driving-current angles, unrelated to the topological charge. Results are analyzed by a combination of micromagnetic simulations and a compound particle description within the Thiele-formalism from which an over-all mobility tensor is constructed. This work offers an additional path towards in-situ tuning of skyrmion dynamics.
Chromodynamic Weibel instabilities in relativistic nuclear collisions

Employing a previously derived formulation, and extending the treatment from purely transverse modes to wave vectors having a longitudinal component, we discuss the prospects for the occurrence of Weibel-type color-current filamentation in high-energy nuclear collisions. Numerical solutions of the dispersion equation for a number of scenarios relevant to RHIC and LHC suggest that modes with (predominantly transverse) wave numbers of several hundred MeV may become moderately agitated during the early collision stage. The emergence of filamentation helps to speed up the equilibration of the parton plasma and it may lead to nonstatistical azimuthal patterns in the hadron final state.
Multiple optical carrier generation from a supercontinuum source

The article reviews the generation of multiple optical carriers from a supercontinuum multicarrier source (SC-MCS). Advantages of SC-MCS include fixed channel spacing with microwave-oscillator (Hz) accuracy and the capability to generate a stream of more than 100 channels. In the future, SC-MCS will play a key role in applications such as WDM systems and optical frequency standards.
Chandra Observations of Associates of η Carinae. I. Luminosities

The region around the η Carinae Nebula has three OB associations, which contain a Wolf-Rayet star and several massive O3 stars. An early Chandra ACIS-I image was centered on η Car and includes Trumpler 16 and part of Trumpler 14. The Chandra image confirms the well-known result that O and very early B stars are X-ray sources with LX ≃ 10-7Lbol over an X-ray luminosity range of about 100. Two new, anomalously strong X-ray sources have been found among the hot star population: Tr 16-244, a heavily reddened O3 I star, and Tr 16-22, a heavily reddened O8.5 V star. Two stars have an unusually large LX/Lbol: HD 93162, a Wolf-Rayet star (and possible binary), and Tr 16-22, a possible colliding-wind binary. In addition, a population of sources associated with cool stars is detected. In the color-magnitude diagram, these X-ray sources sit above the sequence of field stars in the Carina arm. The OB stars are on average more X-ray-luminous than the cool star X-ray sources. X-ray sources among A stars have X-ray luminosities similar to those of cooler stars and may be due to cooler companions. Upper limits are presented for B stars that are not detected in X-rays. These upper limits are also the upper limits for any cool companions that the hot stars may have. Hardness ratios are presented for the most luminous sources in bands 0.5-0.9, 0.9-1.5, and 1.5-2.04 keV. The available information on the binary nature of the hot stars is discussed, but binarity does not correlate with X-ray strength in a simple way.
Determination of the pion charge form factor for Q 2 = 0.60 1.60 GeV 2

The data analysis for the reaction {sup 1}H(e,e{sup '}{pi}{sup +})n, which was used to determine values for the charged pion form factor F{sub {pi}} for values of Q{sup 2}= 0.6-1.6 GeV{sup 2}, has been repeated with careful inspection of all steps and special attention to systematic uncertainties. Also the method used to extract F{sub {pi}} from the measured longitudinal cross section was critically reconsidered. Final values for the separated longitudinal and transverse cross sections and the extracted values of F{sub {pi}} are presented.
Holographic dark energy from nonadditive entropy: Cosmological perturbations and observational constraints

We apply the holographic principle in the cosmological context through the nonextensive Tsallis entropy, used to describe the thermodynamic properties of nonstandard statistical systems such as the gravitational ones. Assuming the future event horizon as the infrared cutoff, we build a dark energy model free from cosmological inconsistencies, which includes standard thermodynamics and standard holographic dark energy as a limiting case. We thus describe the dynamics of Tsallis holographic dark energy in a flat FLRW background. Hence, we investigate cosmological perturbations in the linear regime on sub-horizon scales. We study the growth of matter fluctuations in the case of clustering dark matter and a homogeneous dark energy component. Furthermore, we employ the most recent late-time cosmic data to test the observational viability of our theoretical scenario. We thus obtain constraints on the free parameters of the model by means of Monte Carlo numerical method. We also used Bayesian selection criteria to estimate the statistical preference for Tsallis holographic dark energy compared to the concordance $\Lambda$CDM paradigm. Our results show deviations from standard holographic dark energy within the $2\sigma$ confidence level. Finally, the analysis of the dark energy equation of state indicates a quintessence-like behaviour with no evidence for phantom-divide crossing at the $1\sigma$ level.
Cogon Flea Market and The Surrounding Area, A Vibrant Center

The Cogon Flea Market in Tagbilaran City's Cogon neighborhood is a vibrant center facing severe challenges. The closeness determines the quality of being vibrant to daily excess requirements and other places essential to inhabitants' daily lives, and these destinations are walkable. The emphasis of this study is on the intangible qualities of social elements and their related functions. The paper required us to thoroughly examine pertinent literature, a desk review of local ordinances, oral interviews with Boholano history specialists, people of the surrounding region, and site inspection. The findings indicate a disparity in the regulation produced with the functions of the area's vibrancy, notably on the 'walkability' to satisfy the excess requirement of the inhabitants while resolving traffic congestion. It impacts the quality of life in the following ways on a macro scale: smart growth, economic consequences, health, and well-being. These findings imply that if the morphological feature of the region were altered in some way, the Center would lose its intended purpose.
A Roadmap for Potential Improvement of Newborn Screening for Inherited Metabolic Diseases Following Recent Developments and Successful Applications of Bivariate Normal Limits for Pre-Symptomatic Detection of MPS I, Pompe Disease, and Krabbe Disease

The mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS), Pompe Disease (PD), and Krabbe disease (KD) are inherited conditions known as lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) The resulting enzyme deficiencies give rise to progressive symptoms. The United States Department of Health and Human Services’ Recommended Uniform Screening Panel (RUSP) suggests LSDs for inclusion in state universal newborn screening (NBS) programs and has identified screening deficiencies in MPS I, KD, and PD NBS programs. MPS I NBS programs utilize newborn dried blood spots and assay alpha L-iduronidase (IDUA) enzyme to screen for potential cases. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) offer potential as a confirmatory test. KD NBS programs utilize galactocerebrosidase (GaLC) as an initial test, with psychosine (PSY) activity increasingly used as a confirmatory test for predicting onset of Krabbe disease, though with an excessive false positive rate. PD is marked by a deficiency in acid α-glucosidase (GAA), causing increased glycogen, creatine (CRE), and other biomarkers. Bivariate normal limit (BVNL) methods have been applied to GaLC and PSY activity to produce a NBS tool for KD, and more recently, to IDUA and GAG activity to develop a NBS tool for MPS I. A BVNL tool based on GAA and CRE is in development for infantile PD diagnosis. Early infantile KD, MPS I, and PD cases were pre-symptomatically identified by BVNL-based NBS tools. This article reviews these developments, discusses how they address screening deficiencies identified by the RUSP and may improve NBS more generally.
A numerical method for computing radially symmetric solutions of a dissipative nonlinear modified Klein‐Gordon equation

In this article we develop a finite‐difference scheme to approximate radially symmetric solutions of a dissipative nonlinear modified Klein‐Gordon equation subject to smooth initial conditions ϕ and ψ in an open sphere D around the origin, with constant internal and external damping coefficients—β and γ, respectively—, and nonlinear term of the form G′(w) = wp, with p > 1 an odd number. The functions ϕ and ψ are radially symmetric in D, and ϕ, ψ, rϕ, and rψ are assumed to be small at infinity. We prove that our scheme is consistent order 𝒪(Δt2) + 𝒪(Δr2) for G′ identically equal to zero and provide a necessary condition for it to be stable order n. Part of our study will be devoted to compare the physical effects of β and γ. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2005
On the feasibility of a pulsed 14 TeV c.m.e. muon collider in the LHC tunnel

We discuss the technical feasibility, key machine parameters and major challenges of a 14 TeV c.m. e. muon-muon collider in the LHC tunnel. The luminosity of the collider is evaluated for three alternative muon sources—the PS synchrotron, one of a type developed by the US Muon Accelerator Program (MAP) and a low-emittance option based on resonant muon pair production. Project affordability is also discussed.
PROTON TRANSVERSITY AND INTRINSIC MOTION OF THE QUARKS

The spin structure of the system of quasifree fermions having total angular momentum $J=1/2$ is studied in a consistently covariant approach. Within this model the relations between the spin functions are obtained. Their particular cases are the sum rules Wanzura - Wilczek, Efremov - Leader - Teryaev, Burkhardt - Cottingham and also the expression for the Wanzura - Wilczek twist 2 term $g_{2}^{WW}$. With the use of the proton valence quark distributions as an input, the corresponding spin functions including transversity are obtained.
Investigation of the Progressive Gate Breakdown Behaviors in p-GaN Gate HEMTs

In this work, multiple time-dependent gate breakdown (BD) experiments are performed on p-GaN gate high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) under constant gate voltage stress. Progressive gate BD behaviors are observed during the time-dependent failure process. It is found that the time-to-BD (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${t}_{\text {BD}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) has a positive dependence on temperature but a weak relevance to p-GaN gate length. Moreover, it is confirmed that the Schottky junction first (1st) degenerates after the 1st stage jump of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}_{G}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and the p-i-n junction fails in the subsequent process. The underlying failure mechanisms are revealed by further analyzing the degradation behaviors and the carrier transport mechanisms before/after the Schottky junction degrades. Hole Fowler–Nordheim (FN) tunneling at the metal gate/p-GaN interface guides the first degradation of the Schottky junction. Afterward, the trap-assisted electron tunneling across the AlGaN layer indicates the failure of the p-i-n junction. These two processes sequentially facilitate defect generation within the p-GaN and the AlGaN layer, resulting in a percolation path between the gate and the source terminal.
An Upper Limit on the Mass of a Central Black Hole in the Large Magellanic Cloud from the Stellar Rotation Field

We constrain the possible presence of a central black hole (BH) in the center of the Large Magellanic Cloud. This requires spectroscopic measurements over an area of the order of a square degree, due to the poorly known position of the kinematic center. Such measurements are now possible with the impressive field of view of the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) on the ESO Very Large Telescope. We used the Calcium Triplet (∼850 nm) spectral lines in many short-exposure MUSE pointings to create a two-dimensional integrated-light line-of-sight velocity map from the individual spectra, taking care to identify and remove Galactic foreground populations. The data reveal a clear velocity gradient at an unprecedented spatial resolution of 1 arcmin2. We fit kinematic models to arrive at a upper-mass limit of for any central BH—consistent with the known scaling relations for supermassive black holes and their host systems. This adds to the growing body of knowledge on the presence of BHs in low-mass and dwarf galaxies, and their scaling relations with host-galaxy properties, which can shed light on theories of BH growth and host system interaction.
An algorithm for the selection of reporting guidelines

A reporting guideline can be defined as “a checklist, flow diagram, or structured text to guide authors in reporting a specific type of research, developed using explicit methodology. ” A reporting guideline outlines the bare minimum of information that must be presented in a research report in order to provide a transparent and understandable explanation of what was done and what was discovered. Many reporting guidelines have been developed, and it has become important to select the most appropriate reporting guideline for a manuscript. Herein, I propose an algorithm for the selection of reporting guidelines. This algorithm was developed based on the research design classification system and the content presented for major reporting guidelines through the EQUATOR (Enhancing the Quality and Transparency of Health Research) network. This algorithm asks 10 questions: “is it a protocol,” “is it secondary research,” “is it an in vivo animal study,” “is it qualitative research,” “is it economic evaluation research,” “is it a diagnostic accuracy study or prognostic research,” “is it quality improvement research,” “is it a non-comparative study,” “is it a comparative study between groups,” and “is it an experimental study? ” According to the responses, 16 appropriate reporting guidelines are suggested. Using this algorithm will make it possible to select reporting guidelines rationally and transparently.
Magnetic and Thermal Transport Properties of Permanent Magnets with Anisotropic Grain Structure

Nanostructured permanent magnets are gaining increasing interest and importance for applications such as generators and motors. Thermal management is a key concern since performance of permanent magnets decreases with temperature. We investigated the magnetic and thermal transport properties of rare-earth free nanostructured SrFe12O19 magnets produced by the current activated pressure assisted densification. The synthesized magnets have aligned grains such that their magnetic easy axis is perpendicular to their largest surface area to maximize their magnetic performance. The SrFe12O19 magnets have fine grain sizes in the cross-plane direction and substantially larger grain sizes in the in-plane direction. It was found that this microstructure results in approximately a factor of two higher thermal conductivity in the in-plane direction, providing an opportunity for effective cooling. The phonons are the dominant heat carriers in this type of permanent magnets near room temperature. Temperature and direction dependent thermal conductivity measurements indicate that both Umklapp and grain boundary scattering are important in the in-plane direction, where the characteristic grain size is relatively large, while grain boundary scattering dominates the cross-plane thermal transport. The investigated nano/microstructural design strategy should translate well to other material systems and thus have important implications for thermal management of nanostructured permanent magnets.
Effect of Calcium Carbonate Content on Potential Pesticide Adsorption and Desorption in Calcareous Soil

ABSTRACT The presence of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in soil plays an essential role in regulating many processes whether chemical, physical, or biological. The effect of calcium carbonate content on the adsorption and desorption characteristics of insecticides (chlorantraniliprole, CAP, dinotefuran, DNF) and herbicides (bispyribac-sodium, BPS, metribuzin, MBZ) in calcareous soil has been studied. Adsorption and desorption isotherms of tested pesticides were quantified using the batch equilibration technique. The data were modeled with the Freundlich model to obtain the adsorption parameters. The results showed that the adsorption of DNF and BPS was the highest in intact calcareous soil (IS), while the adsorption of CAP and MBZ was the highest in calcium carbonate free calcareous soil (FS). The desorption from IS and FS was highest for MBZ, whereas it was lowest for BPS. Therefore, we demonstrate that the soil calcium carbonate could block the adsorption sites available for certain pesticides like CAP and MBZ, while it could be shared in the adsorption of other pesticides like DNF and BPS.
Primordial gas collapse in the presence of radiation: direct collapse black hole or Population III star?

The first billion years in the evolution of the Universe mark the formation of the first stars, black holes and galaxies. The radiation from the first galaxies plays an important role in determining the final state of primordial gas collapsing in a neighboring halo. This is due to the fact that the primary coolant for primordial gas is molecular hydrogen, which can be dissociated into atomic hydrogen by Lyman-Werner photons in the energy range $11.2 - 13.6$~eV. While cooling by molecular hydrogen leads to Pop. III star formation, cooling by atomic hydrogen can lead to the formation of a supermassive star (or quasi-star) which results in the formation of a massive $10^{4-5} M_\odot$ black hole, or a direct collapse black hole. The spectrum of this radiation field is critical in order to determine whether a primordial gas cloud forms a Pop. III star or a very massive black hole. We will in the following explore this scenario and discuss how the radiation spectrum influences the outcome of the collapse.