Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Brain Functional Alterations in Prepubertal Boys With Autism Spectrum Disorders

Objectives Abnormal brain function in ASD patients changes dynamically across developmental stages. However, no one has studied the brain function of prepubertal children with ASD. Prepuberty is an important stage for children’s socialization. This study aimed to investigate alterations in local spontaneous brain activity in prepubertal boys with ASD. Materials and Methods Measures of the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) acquired from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) database, including 34 boys with ASD and 49 typically developing (TD) boys aged 7 to 10 years, were used to detect regional brain activity. Pearson correlation analyses were conducted on the relationship between abnormal ALFF and ReHo values and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) and Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) scores. Results In the ASD group, we found decreased ALFF in the left inferior parietal lobule (IPL) and decreased ReHo in the left lingual gyrus (LG), left superior temporal gyrus (STG), left middle occipital gyrus (MOG), and right cuneus (p < 0.05, FDR correction). There were negative correlations between ReHo values in the left LG and left STG and the ADOS social affect score and a negative correlation between ReHo values in the left STG and the calibrated severity total ADOS score. Conclusion Brain regions with functional abnormalities, including the left IPL, left LG, left STG, left MOG, and right cuneus may be crucial in the neuropathology of prepubertal boys with ASD. Furthermore, ReHo abnormalities in the left LG and left STG were correlated with sociality. These results will supplement the study of neural mechanisms in ASD at different developmental stages, and be helpful in exploring the neural mechanisms of prepubertal boys with ASD.
The Psychopathology of Worthlessness in Depression

Background Despite common dissatisfaction with the syndromic heterogeneity of major depression, investigations into its symptom structure are scarce. Self-worthlessness/inadequacy is a distinctive and consistent symptom of major depression across cultures. Aims We investigated whether self-worthlessness is associated with self-blaming attribution-related symptoms or is instead an expression of reduced positive feelings overall, as would be implied by reduced positive affect accounts of depression. Methods 44,161 undergraduate students in Study 1, and 215 patients with current Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and 237 age-matched healthy control participants in Study 2 completed the well-validated Symptom Check List-90. Depression-relevant items were used to construct regularized partial correlation networks with bootstrap estimates of network parameter variability. Results Worthlessness co-occurred more strongly with other symptoms linked to self-blaming attributions (hopelessness, and self-blame), displaying a combined edge weight with these symptoms which was significantly stronger than the edge weight representing its connection with reduced positive emotion symptoms (such as reduced pleasure/interest/motivation, difference in edge weight sum in Study 1 = 2.95, in Study 2 = 1.64; 95% confidence intervals: Study 1: 2.6–3.4; Study 2: 0.02–3.5; Bonferroni-corrected p < 0.05). Conclusions This confirms the prediction of the revised learned helplessness model that worthlessness is most strongly linked to hopelessness and self-blame. In contrast, we did not find a strong and direct link between anhedonia items and a reduction in self-worth in either study. This supports worthlessness as a primary symptom rather than resulting from reduced positive affect.
Multiple Lines of Ecological Evidence Support Ancient Contact Between the African Wild Dog and the Dhole

Genomic tools have greatly enhanced our ability to uncover ancient interspecific gene flow, including cases involving allopatric lineages and/or lineages that have gone extinct. Recently, a genomic analysis revealed the unexpected gene flow between the African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) and the dhole (Cuon alpinus). The two species have currently highly disjunct and patchy distributions in Africa and Asia, respectively, which are remnants of a much wider past distribution. Yet, no reported evidence of their past contact has ever been documented. By hindcasting the past potential distribution of both species during the Last Glacial Maximum and the Last Interglacial, validating paleoclimatic reconstructions with fossil evidence, quantifying the intersection of their bioclimatic niches, and assessing interspecific compatibility, we investigate the location and favorable conditions for such contact and its ecological validity. We were able to identify the Levant region in Eastern Mediterranean during the Last Interglacial as the most suitable spatio-ecological context for the co-occurrence of the two canids, and to provide evidence of a highly significant overlap of the African wild dog niche with the wider niche of the dhole. These results, combined with ecologic traits, including key compatibility features such as cooperative breeding and hunting, provide consistent support for the potential co-occurrence of both canids. We suggest that the ranges of these canids came into contact multiple times during periods resembling the Last Interglacial, eventually facilitating gene flow between the African wild dog and the dhole in their post-divergence history. Our results are highly supportive of the key role of the Levant region in providing connectivity between African and Eurasian faunas and provide further impetus to combine different tools and approaches in advancing the understanding of species evolutionary histories.
Synuclein Motor Dysfunction Composite Scale for the Discrimination of Dementia With Lewy Bodies From Alzheimer’s Disease

Background An abnormal increase of α-synuclein in the brain is the hallmark of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). However, the diagnostic power of plasma α-synuclein in DLB is not yet confirmed. Parkinsonism is highly associated with and is one of the core clinical features of DLB. We studied plasma α-synuclein and developed a novel tool that combined plasma α-synuclein level and Motor Dysfunction Questionnaire (MDQ), namely Synuclein Motor Dysfunction Composite Scale (SMDCS), for the clinical discrimination of DLB from Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods This cross-sectional study analyzed participants’ demographical data, plasma α-synuclein level, MDQ, structured clinical history questionnaire, neuropsychological and motor function tests, and neuroimaging studies. The power of plasma α-synuclein level, MDQ, and SMDCS for discriminating DLB from non-demented controls (NC) or AD were compared. Results Overall, 121 participants diagnosed as 58 DLB, 31 AD, and 31 NC were enrolled. Patients with DLB had significantly higher mean plasma α-synuclein level (0.24 ± 0.32 pg/ml) compared to the NC group (0.08 ± 0.05 pg/ml) and the AD group (0.08 ± 0.05 pg/ml). The DLB group demonstrated higher MDQ (2.95 ± 1.60) compared to the NC (0.42 ± 0.98) or AD (0.44 ± 0.99) groups. The sensitivity/specificity of plasma α-synuclein level, MDQ, and SMDCS for differentiating DLB from non-DLB were 0.80/0.64, 0.83/0.89, and 0.88/0.93, respectively. Conclusion Both plasma α-synuclein and MDQ were significantly higher in patients with DLB compared to the NC or AD groups. The novel SMDCS, significantly improved accuracy for the clinical differentiation of DLB from AD or NC.
\textrm{DuReader}_{\textrm{vis}}: A Chinese Dataset for Open-domain Document Visual Question Answering

Open-domain question answering has been used in a wide range of applications, such as web search and enterprise search, which usually takes clean texts extracted from various formats of documents (e.g., web pages, PDFs, or Word documents) as the information source. However, designing different text extraction approaches is time-consuming and not scalable. In order to reduce human cost and improve the scalability of QA systems, we propose and study an \textbf{Open-domain} \textbf{Doc}ument \textbf{V}isual \textbf{Q}uestion \textbf{A}nswering (Open-domain DocVQA) task, which requires answering questions based on a collection of document images directly instead of only document texts, utilizing layouts and visual features additionally. Towards this end, we introduce the first Chinese Open-domain DocVQA dataset called \textrm{DuReader}_{\textrm{vis}}, containing about 15K question-answering pairs and 158K document images from the Baidu search engine. There are three main challenges in \textrm{DuReader}_{\textrm{vis}}: (1) long document understanding, (2) noisy texts, and (3) multi-span answer extraction. The extensive experiments demonstrate that the dataset is challenging. Additionally, we propose a simple approach that incorporates the layout and visual features, and the experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The dataset and code will be publicly available at https://github.com/baidu/DuReader/tree/master/DuReader-vis.
Analisa Potensi Energi Angin dengan Distribusi Weibull Untuk Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Bayu (PLTB) Banda Aceh

Energy needs in Indonesia in particular and the world in general continue to rise due to population growth, economic growth and energy consumption patterns themselves are constantly increasing. One of the fast growing renewable energy in the world today is wind energy. Wind energy is a renewable energy that is very flexible. In general, the utilization of wind power in Indonesia is less attention. Until 2004, the installed capacity of wind power utilization is only up to 0.5 MW from 9:29 GW potential. One method used to measure the wind energy potential of wind energy for electricity generation is by using the Weibull method. From the analysis that has been carried out by the method of Weibull can be concluded that the wind energy potential of wind energy for electricity generation in Banda Aceh does not meet the eligibility criteria.
Characteristics and circulation of archipelagic waters with the three-dimensional hy drodynamic model approach

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The Misool Islands are lined up regularly from west to east, the southern part of Raja Ampat Archipelago, Papua - Indonesia. The geomorphology is distinctive, and the coral reef substrate causes turbulence. Misool waters are located in the Papuan bird’s head seascape, passed by Pacific water masses. The assessment status of Misool waters as a conservation area does not include hydrodynamic aspects in the decision processes. The present study is fundamental for determining and changing essential areas for conservation. The main objective of this study is to the pattern of hydrodynamic processes and investigate the features of the water mass in the Misool waters. METHODS: An acoustic doppler current profiler was deployed to measure currents every 15 minutes for ten water column layers. Investigation of waters characteristics was using Conductivity-Temperature-Depth equipment. A three-dimensional computational model was performed using MIKE3. FINDINGS: The water mass around the Misool Islands are more influenced by the local oceanographic processes than the water masses from the Pacific Ocean. The study site is characterized by the mixed tide, prevalence to semi-diurnal based on observational tidal data. Wind and baroclinic properties generate non-significant currents, resulting in low horizontal and vertical stratification. Intensification of tidal currents occurs along the shallow part in northeastern and part of the channel between Misool Islands and the mainland of Papua. CONCLUSION: The interaction of barotropic tides, geomorphology, and coral reef triggers the unstratified water mass. Strong currents and turbulence on the northeast side produce homogeneous waters. The water mass in Misool waters is originated from the local dynamic. ABSTRACT
The applicability of cellular manufacturing techniques: An exploration in industry

This study addresses the applicability of Cellular Manufacturing (CM) techniques in situations where such a configuration is not obvious. Over the years, the academic community has shown a wide interest in CM. Case studies of successful CM implementations and model-based research clearly indicate the merits of typical CM techniques, like set-up reduction, a flow layout, pull production, etc. However, industry surveys indicate that completely cellularized manufacturing systems are rare in practice. Apparently, CM techniques are only applicable to a limited extent. What keeps the non-user from implementing CM techniques is not clear from the literature. Our research forms an attempt to fill this knowledge gap by means of a multiple case study. Firstly, we address to what extent the techniques of CM are applicable in a number of non-cellular situations. Secondly, we identify the barriers and enablers determining the success or failure of CM techniques in these situations. Thirdly, we indicate promising issues for further research. The subjects of study are Dutch manufacturing companies, which do not, or only partially, apply CM techniques. The exploration and subsequent analysis of these cases lead to the identification of a number of factors influencing the applicability of CM techniques. Important are an organization’s arsenal of manufacturing technologies, as well as product and demand characteristics. Also the organization of manufacturing and the possibility to exert extensive control over jobs and resources seem important. Some benefits from links between different business functions have also been found. By confronting our findings with the current state of CM research we derive a number of promising directions for further study.
Age-Related Changes in the Circadian System Unmasked by Constant Conditions

Circadian timing systems, like most physiological processes, cannot escape the effects of aging. With age, humans experience decreased duration and quality of sleep. Aged mice exhibit decreased amplitude and increased fragmentation of the activity rhythm, and lengthened circadian free-running period in both light-dark (LD) and constant dark (DD) conditions. Several studies have shown that aging impacts neural activity rhythms in the central circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). However, evidence for age-related disruption of circadian oscillations of clock genes in the SCN has been equivocal. We hypothesized that daily exposure to LD cycles masks the full impact of aging on molecular rhythms in the SCN. We performed ex vivo bioluminescent imaging of cultured SCN slices of young and aged PER2::luciferase knock-in (PER2::LUC) mice housed under LD or prolonged DD conditions. Under LD conditions, the amplitude of PER2::LUC rhythms differed only slightly between SCN explants from young and aged animals; under DD conditions, the PER2::LUC rhythms of aged animals showed markedly lower amplitudes and longer circadian periods than those of young animals. Recordings of PER2::LUC rhythms in individual SCN cells using an electron multiplying charge-coupled device camera revealed that aged SCN cells showed longer circadian periods and that the rhythms of individual cells rapidly became desynchronized. These data suggest that aging degrades the SCN circadian ensemble, but that recurrent LD cycles mask these effects. We propose that these changes reflect a decline in pacemaker robustness that could increase vulnerability to environmental challenges, and partly explain age-related sleep and circadian disturbances. These findings were in housed in prolonged conditions of constant darkness. These data suggest that light-dark cycles mask the effects of aging on SCN cellular clocks and that aging may increase the vulnerability of the SCN circadian ensemble. (cid:2) m. The bilateral SCN and a minimum of surrounding tissue were isolated from the slice using scalpels. The explants were placed in a LumiCycle equipped with photomultiplier tubes (PMTs; Actimetrics) and kept inside a light-tight 36.5°C environmental chamber. Recordings were started at ZT12 or CT12 for LD-housed mice and DD-housed mice, respectively. The bioluminescence signal was counted in 1 min bins every 10 min for at least 6 d without changing the media. The data were detrended by subtraction of the 24 h running average from the raw data and then smoothed with a 2 h running average (Origin Lab Software). The peak phase was set at the highest point of the smoothed data in each cycle. The amplitude was determined using the highest and lowest points of each cycle.
Empowering bystanders to facilitate Internet censorship measurement and circumvention

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many people have contributed to this thesis, either through direct collaboration, feedback, and inspiration, or by providing a supportive environment which made my life as a graduate student much more enjoyable and productive. My doctoral advisor, Nick Feamster, has had a tremendous impact on my life over the past six years. He very much leads by example, and his boundless energy, enthusiasm, and optimism has inspired both me and my fellow students. Nick has exemplified all of the characteristics of a good mentor: he helped me select a research topic that both fits my interests and is very relevant to the academic community; he developed contacts with key figures in research and industry, both ensuring my work always has an audience and boosting my career prospects; he guided me through the often frustrating process of writing research papers, submitting them for publication, and presenting them for an audience; and he ensured I never had to worry about funding. In addition, Nick has instilled in me the importance of good communication, and has done an excellent job of showing me how normally introverted and mild-mannered people like myself can still be effective communicators and leaders. The other members of my thesis committee, Mustaque Ahamad, Mostafa Ammar, Phillipa Gill, and Wenke Lee, gave excellent feedback and a fresh perspective on the work in this dissertation. Special thanks to Phillipa for giving detailed suggestions and comments on earlier versions of this dissertation, and to Wenke for giving feedback at many points throughout my time at Georgia Tech. I have been fortunate to work with a wide array of supportive, intelligent, and wise callaborators and coauthors. Davidson, my internship mentors and teammates at Google, helped shape my choice of career and paved my way toward achieving that goal. My internship with Ben Greenstein and David Wetherall at Intel Labs Seattle was both very instructive and fun. Thank you to and the many others from Stonybrook and the Citizen Lab who attended weekly censorship measurement meetings during my final year for inspiring me to write Chapter 3 of this thesis. Thank you to Meredith Whittaker for organizing two fantastic Internet censorship measurement workshops, and to all the attendees of those workshops for providing valuable insight and feedback on my work. iii Although it does not feature heavily in this dissertation, I invested much time and effort in helping to build BISmark, a testbed of …
Extreme Environment Reliability of Components for Computing with SAC305 and Alternative High Reliability Solders

ii Acknowledgments.v List of Tables . xii List of Figures . xiii List of Abbreviations . xix Chapter 1 . 1 1.1 Printed Circuit Assemblies . 1 1.2 Printed Circuit Assemblies: Introduction. 6 1.2. 1 Through-Hole Mount Technology (THMT) . 7 1.2. 2 Surface Mount Technology (SMT) . 9 1.2. 3 Area Arrays . 14 1.2. 4 No-Lead (Lead-Less) Components . 17 1.2. 5 Internal Structure of Common Surface Mount Components . 18 1.3 Substrates for Electronic Assemblies. 20 1.3. 1 Types of PCBs . 21 1.3. 2 Laminate Substrates . 23
A new mid-Cretaceous fossil genus of stonefly (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from the Burmese amber

16 A new genus and species of stonefly is described and figured from the mid-Cretaceous Burmese 17 amber as † Burmaperla pouilloni Jouault & Nel gen. et sp. nov. The placement of this new genus 18 and species within the Perlidae is corroborated by an in-depth comparison of apomorphies. This 19 new species differs from all other Acroneuriinae from the mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber biota, 20 inter alia , owing to its wing venation with ScP reaching RA beyond ra-rp, RP with three branches, 21 MP partially fused with the upper branch of CuA, CuA with four branches, its hammer nearly circu- 22 lar and its genitalia with paraprocts weakly sclerotized, abruptly upcurved, thinning towards the 23 apex and symmetrical. This new species increases the diversity of Acroneuriinae stoneflies in the 24 Burmese amber biota, and combined with the geological history of the Burmese terrane is used to 25 discuss the putative presence of Antarctoperlaria in mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber.
Deep Learning Based Knee Osteoarthritis Predication

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common musculoskeletal disorder causing disability in elderly people in Hong Kong. Because of the severity of knee OA and the shortage of clinical resources situation in Hong Kong, the queuing time for knee OA treatments is long which may cause deterioration. This project targets to develop a knee OA KL grade prediction model and a follow-up management plan prediction model to shorten the waiting time of OA patients and minimize deterioration of patients' symptoms due to late treatment. Successful models will be implemented to shorten the waiting time for booking at Orthopedics & Traumatology Specialist Out-patient Clinics in Hong Kong. In this project, an OA prediction model utilizing Convolution Neural Network (CNN), and follow-up management plan prediction model building with eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) will be constructed to shorten the waiting time of OA patients in Hong Kong. In the current stage, protocols utilizing Xception were also successfully developed. Experiments on various approaches to model training are also conducted. They serve as a good basis for further development. In the next step, introducing MOST will be the priority since the size of dataset is critical for any Deep Learning model construction. After that, data cleansing, integration, and pre-processing will be done on the local dataset. Also, other CNN architectures will be tried and evaluated. Finally, the data imbalance problem may be addressed and discussed in the later meetings.