Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bearings-only tracking using a set of range-parameterised extended Kalman filters

Bearings-only tracking using the extended Kalman filter (EKF) configured in Cartesian and modified polar coordinate systems is reviewed. A new tracking approach is proposed which consists of a set of weighted EKFs each with a different initial range estimate and this is referred to as the range-parameterised (RP) tracker. This new approach overcomes the problems exhibited with existing EKF trackers when the bearing rate is very high or near zero. In addition, it allows a more natural implementation for the prior knowledge of-the target velocity, which can allow the range to be inferred even before the first observer manoeuvre. Results are presented for a typical tracking scenario, involving a manoeuvring observer and a constant velocity target. The results show that the RP tracker gives stable, consistent and unbiased estimates in all the cases considered, whereas the same is not true for the Cartesian and modified polar EKF trackers. Although only constant velocity target trajectories have been considered in this paper, the RP tracker provides a natural framework for consideration of manoeuvring targets. The extension to include manoeuvring targets is currently under investigation. < >
An attempt to detect mass loss from Alpha Lyrae with the VLA

The interpretation of the infrared excess from Alpha Lyrae as seen by the Infrared Astronomy Satellite in terms of thermal emission from a circumstellar shell of large particles follows from the recognition that small dust grains would be removed from the vicinity of the star by radiation pressure and Poynting-Robertson drag. However, this explanation is viable only if there is no resupply of small grains via mass loss from Alpha Lyr itself. Radio-continuum observations were used to constrain the stellar mass loss to less than 3.4 x 10 to the -10th solar mass/yr. The observations thus support the conclusion that the infrared excess is due to residual solid matter from the prestellar nebula. 8 references.
Explosive neon burning and Al-26 gamma-ray astronomy

The nucleosynthesis that occurs when the neon-rich layers of a massive highly evolved star are shock heated to high temperature is examined in detail for peak temperatures in the range 1.0 x 10/sup 9/ K to 3.2 x 10/sup 9/ K. A combination of preexplosive carbon burning and explosive neon burning is found to produce interestingly large quantities of the isotopes /sup 16/O, /sup 20,21/Ne, /sup 23/Na, /sup 24,25,26/Mg, /sup 26,27/Al, /sup 29,30/Si, /sup 31/P, /sup 33,34,36/S, /sup 40/Ar, /sup 46/Ca, and /sup 58/Fe in amounts that agree closely with their solar ratios. Of special interest is the production ratio of /sup 26/Al//sup 27/Al which, when averaged over a continuum of explosion temperatures, is near 10/sup -3/. Details of /sup 26/Al synthesis and possible sources of error in this estimate are discussed. Accumulation in the interstellar medium of /sup 26/Al produced in this ratio to /sup 27/Al could give a detectable . gamma. -line flux at the Earth. If such a flux is looked for and not found, detectors available in the next decade could, by placing an upper bound on such emission, place important constraints on theories of stellar nucleosynthesis.
Piezoelectric Polymers and Their Applications

Properties and applications of piezoelectric polymers are reviewed. A typical piezoelectric polymer polyvinylidene fluoride exhibits strong piezoelectricity when polarized and is now commercially available. It can be prepared in large thin films and possesses many more features than conventional piezoelectric ceramics. It has been applied to various transducers and has great future potential.
Ryazanov 2 Clustering of Incomplete Data Based on the Features Imputation

Two approaches to solving the problem of clustering with gaps for a specified number of clusters are considered. The first approach is based on restoring the values of unknown attributes and solving the problem of clustering of calculated complete data. The second approach is based on solving a finite set of tasks of clustering of corresponding to incomplete data complete sample descriptions and the construction of collective decision. For both approaches, the clustering quality criteria have been proposed as functions of incomplete descriptions. Results of practical experiments are considered.
Trends in Precipitable Water and Relative Humidity in China: 1979–2005

AbstractAnnual and seasonal trends of precipitable water (PW) and relative humidity (RH) at 850, 700, and 500 hPa are studied using the data from 106 radiosonde stations over China during the period 1979–2005. Analysis shows evidence of an increase in PW associated with the slight warming observed in the lower to midtroposphere over China. The northern part of China shows a significant upward trend of PW in summer, and drying of the atmosphere in winter is found in most regions over China. Annual and seasonal trends in RH at the 850-, 700-, and 500-hPa levels show no significant trends in most regions in China except for Xinjiang, which shows an upward trend, and central China, where there was a downward trend in RH at 500 hPa. It is found that changes in PW are coincident with the warming of the surface and the lower to midtroposphere. The RH in the lower to midtroposphere in most regions over China has remained steady during the most recent 30 years, as might be expected given the increasing of PW and t.
Estimation of Atmospheric Energetics in the Frequency Domain during the FGGE Year

Abstract The energetics of atmospheric motions are studied in the frequency domain using the two versions of the FGGE IIIb dataset, processed at GFDL and ECMWF. It is demonstrated that the frequency spectra of kinetic energy (KE) and available potential energy (APE) can be approximated by a power law. On a log–log diagram, a slope of minus one results for both KE and APE in the period range of 7 to 35 days, when integrated over the Northern Hemisphere. The conversion from APE to KE is the major source of eddy kinetic energy for all the low and high frequency bands discussed. Through nonlinear interactions, motions of high frequencies (with periods shorter than 10 days) gain APE from, and lose KE to the motions of low frequencies (with periods longer than 10 days but shorter than the annual cycle). The nonlinear energy exchanges are relatively more important for the energy balance of low frequency modes. It is also shown that both high and low frequency transients extract APE from and supply KE to the time.
Radiative Corrections in the Standard Model and Their Rǒle for Precision Tests of the Electroweak Theory

We present a detailed description of the on-shell electroweak radiative corrections calculation together with a list of formulae for 4-fermion processes complete at the one-loop level and with the accuracy required for precision experiments at the e+e− colliders LEP and SLC. Applications are discussed to the mass interdependence of the weak vector bosons, the weak mixing angle, and to the precisely measurable on-resonance observables Z mass, width, forward-backward and polarization asymmetries for leptonic and hadronic final states. Comparisons with the results of other calculations have been performed as far as possible with satisfactory agreement in the predictions for the measurable quantities.
Correlated wavefunctions for two-electron systems using new screened hydrogen-like orbitals

A simple correlated wavefunction (with explicit dependence upon the interelectronic distance r12) is presented. The use of new screened hydrogen-like orbitals allows the determination of an analytic wavefunction having an exact behaviour when the two electrons are close to the nucleus, or when an electron moves at large distances from the other one. A scale parameter qe has been introduced in the Coulombic term qe/r12. In a variational approach, the authors have calculated average values for helium-like systems, showing an overall accuracy about 0.1% on the energies, with a three-parameter monoconfigurational wavefunction.
Atomic compression of the light element plasma to very high densities

The basic atomic principles that are critically important for the workability of actual fusion devices are considered. In particular, we discuss the central idea of atomic compression. The atomic compression means self-compression of the light-element plasma that is placed in an isolated cavity with a very hot plasma of heavy elements. The related radiation-driven ablative implosion of the cold light-element thermonuclear fuel is also briefly reviewed. We also discuss the secondary atomic compression that is used to improve thermonuclear combustion in the light-element plasma. A possibility to create thermonuclear explosive devices in which electromagnetic vacuum becomes unstable is analyzed briefly.PACS Nos.: 28.25. Cx, 28.50. Re, 52.50. Jm
Single- and Multiple-Doppler Radar Observations of Tornadic Storms

Abstract The use of one, two, three or more Doppler radars has become increasingly common in research programs. The advantage in increasing the number of radars is in the increased area covered and the accuracy with which wind estimates may be obtained. Although multiple-radar systems can yield special quantitative insight, a great deal of information can still be determined in real time from a single radar. It should be noted that the interpretation of radial velocity estimates from a single radar are not always unambiguous. Color displays of single-Doppler radial velocity patterns aid in the real-time interpretation of the associated reflectivity fields and can reveal important features not evident in the reflectivity structures alone. Such a capability is of particular interest in the identification and study of severe storms. A display utilizing a 5 cm Doppler radar is used to illustrate the patterns seen from several tornadic storms that occurred in central Oklahoma on 20 May 1977. Interpretation of .
REPRÉSENTATIONS LISSES DE $\mathrm{GL}_{m}(\mathrm{D})$ IV : REPRÉSENTATIONS SUPERCUSPIDALES

Soit $\mathrm{F}$ un corps commutatif localement compact non archimédien, et soit $\mathrm{D}$ une algèbre à division de centre $\mathrm{F}$. Nous prouvons que toute représentation irréductible supercuspidale du groupe $\mathrm{GL}_m(\mathrm{D})$, de niveau non nul, est l'induite compacte d'une représentation d'un sous-groupe ouvert compact modulo le centre de $\mathrm{GL}_m(\mathrm{D})$. Plus précisément, nous prouvons que de telles représentations contiennent un type simple maximal au sens de Bushnell et Kutzko. Let $\mathrm{F}$ be a non-Archimedean locally compact field and let $\mathrm{D}$ be a central $\mathrm{F}$-division algebra. We prove that any positive level supercuspidal irreducible representation of the group $\mathrm{GL}_m(\mathrm{D})$ is compactly induced from a representation of a compact mod centre open subgroup of $\mathrm{GL}_m(\mathrm{D})$. More precisely, we prove that such representations contain a maximal simple type in the sense of Bushnell and Kutzko.
Modeling Critical Questions as Additional Premises

This paper shows how the critical questions matching an argumentation scheme can be modeled in the Carneades argumentation system as three kinds of premises. Ordinary premises hold only if they are supported by sufficient arguments. Assumptions hold, by default, until they have been questioned. With exceptions the negation holds, by default, until the exception has been supported by sufficient arguments. By "sufficient arguments", we mean arguments sufficient to satisfy the applicable proof standard.
Surface magneto-optic Kerr effect

The surface magneto-optic Kerr effect (SMOKE) has significantly impacted research on magnetic thin films. This is due to its sensitivity, local probing nature, and experimental simplicity. The polar and longitudinal Kerr effects are characterized by a complex rotation of the plane of polarization of linearly polarized incident light upon reflection from the surface of a ferromagnetic material. The rotation is directly related to the magnetization of the material within the probing region of the light. Light penetrates into metals >20 nm deep, but the SMOKE technique derives its surface sensitivity from the limited thickness of the deposited magnetic film, which can be as thin as one atomic layer. Basic principles, experimental arrangements, and applications of SMOKE are reviewed in order to acquaint the nonspecialist with the technique and place it into perspective.
A Comparison of the Terrain Height Variance Spectra of the Front Range with that of a Hypothetical Mountain

Abstract The one-dimensional terrain height variance spectra of the Front Range west of Boulder, Colorado, is compared with that of the hypothetical two-dimensional mountain used by several investigators in their modeling studies of downslope winds. The terrain height variance of the hypothetical mountain exceeds that of the Front Range on scales longer than 25 km. On shorter scales, the terrain height variance of the hypothetical mountain decreases at an unrealistic rate. The scales at which terrain features of the Front Range can be considered approximately two-dimensional are determined. On scales longer than 25 km, the Front Range is essentially two-dimensional. However, on shorter scales, the Front Range exhibits equal variance in the along-range and cross-range directions.
Noninterceptive Beam Profiling of High‐Power Industrial Lasers

High-power 1 — 100 kW industrial lasers typically undergo thermally-in-duced optical effects that change the laser beam and laser beam delivery to the work piece. Knowledge of any changes such as focal shift may be important for particular welding or cutting processes. Conventional beam profile diagnostic methods are not practical and fall short at such high powers. A new profiling technique that uses Rayleigh scatter from the beam overcomes the power obstacle and allows laser characterization that was previously impossible to perform.
Patientin mit JIA und Entwicklung von chronischen nichtentzündlichen Gelenkschmerzen – stationäre Schmerztherapie bei chronischen Schmerzen am Bewegungsapparat als Gruppenkonzept

Der Klinikalltag in der Betreuung von jungen Patienten mit chronischen Schmerzen am Bewegungsapparat, aber auch rheumatischen Erkrankungen zeigt immer wieder, dass eine multiprofessionelle Zusammenarbeit bei der Diagnostik, aber auch beim Therapiemanagement einen wichtigen Stellenwert einnimmt. Durch Teambesprechungen und eine Patientenführung, die vor allem durch Wertschätzung und Empathie gekennzeichnet ist, lassen sich schmerzmodulierende Prozesse somatischer und/oder psychischer Natur häufig gut aufdecken, abgrenzen und entsprechend therapieren. Die patientenzugewandte Betreuung durch Ärzte, funktionsorientierte Therapeuten und klinische Psychotherapeuten bietet vielen Patienten erfahrungsgemäß ein gutes Setting, um sich zu öffnen, sodass frühzeitig entsprechende Interventionen eingeleitet werden können.
Fluid-Solid Interaction—a New Trend

Almost two and a half decades ago, while a graduate student at the University of Minnesota, I studied internal flow and heat transfer in circular tubes [1]. Single tubes had been studied a long time before, and their analysis and correlations were available in almost any heat transfer textbook. Laminar flow was treated analytically, while turbulent flow was mostly based on empirical correlations that had emerged from extensive experimental efforts of the past. Tube flow was important because of its widespread application in industrial heat exchangers. Although single-tube results were a classical topic in heat transfer textbooks, flow interaction and competition among tubes for more flow rate, as occurs in a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, was still missing from the published literature. This flow competition, which gives rise to maldistribution of the flow and uneven heating or cooling of devices, is still an important issue in thermal engineering design. In those days, the computation of flow and heat transfer was moving along in the same direction, but it was somewhat behind the experimental results, primarily because of relatively slow computer processors and limited access to computer memory. Computational models were mostly simplified by twodimensional or axisymmetric assumptions, or by including the three-dimensionality or geometric complexities in the governing equations as suitable source terms. Those were the glorious days of the celebrated SIMPLE algorithm and its variants. The computation of internal flows in circular and non-circular tubes could easily be handled. Still, when it came to flow interaction among many tubes or flow maldistribution in large tube bundles with hundreds of tubes and complex header geometry, the computations slowed down or even stopped.
Interpolating EFGM for computing continuous and discontinuous electromagnetic fields

Purpose – This paper proposes an interpolating approach of the element‐free Galerkin method (EFGM) coupled with a modified truncation scheme for solving Poisson's boundary value problems in domains involving material non‐homogeneities. The suitability and efficiency of the proposed implementation are evaluated for a given set of test cases of electrostatic field in domains involving different material interfaces.Design/methodology/approach – The authors combined an interpolating approximation with a modified domain truncation scheme, which avoids additional techniques for enforcing the Dirichlet boundary conditions and for dealing with material interfaces usually employed in meshfree formulations.Findings – The local electric potential and field distributions were correctly described as well as the global quantities like the total potency and resistance. Since, the treatment of the material interfaces becomes practically the same for both the finite element method (FEM) and the proposed EFGM, FEM‐oriented.
Generation of the mathematical model to analyze the dynamical behaviour of the blood flow

Abstract This paper focuses on the mathematical model based on the input output realization with a view to analyzing the time-invariant dynamical behaviour of the blood flow through carotid artery. The entire system’s characteristic is governed by the Navier-Stokes equation which is represented in this paper as differential-algebraic matrix representation. This mathematical representation is commonly known as state space model that is extracted from the Taylor-hood finite element discretization of the physical model. Later, for computational convenient, this model is divided into different sub-blocks studying the sparsity patterns of the matrices each of which contains the system’s parameters responsible for any dynamical changes. This form is well-known as index-II descriptor data model representing the relationship between the input external force applying to the artery’s boundary and the output measuring the changes in the blood velocity and the pressure. Based on the input-output realization, MATLAB interface is used to carry out numerical experiments and the results illustrate the numerical behaviour of the generated state space model for analyzing the blood flow nature through carotid artery.
Networks and Small Groups

Author(s): Kadushin, Charles | Abstract: Homans' insights that interaction and sentiment are in a feedback loop that includes clique formation, social ranking and leadership are formalized and derived from a set of limited assumptions and propositions. Freeman's model of groups is used to detect pure informal groups, those that are not consequential upon anything else than sheer hanging around. It produces a system of cliques and rankings based purely on the rates of transitive triads that may include a third who is only weakly connected to the other two. Two assumptions about motivation in networks – the need for safety and efficacy are then combined with Gould's modeling of asymmetric relations in which members are valued for either intrinsic or extrinsic merits. The ratings tend to cascade according to the "Matthew Effect. " Finally, people like to choose others who are more attractive than they are, subject to the condition that too much unrequited love is painful. Gould's Formalization of these ideas for the case of small groups produces, among other results, the consequence that those who are chosen more often than others also tend to direct interaction more towards others with lesser rank, a non-intuitive result observed by Homans, but explained by him in substantive rather than formal terms. The logic of rank further dictates that groups become segmented by structural equivalence. Other results are also summarized.
Intra-articular pulsed radiofrequency with methyl prednisolone injection in chronic sacroiliac joint arthritis: A randomized clinical trial

ABSTRACT Background Sacroiliac joint pain (SIJP) is an important cause of low back pain and seriously affects the patients’ quality of life. Therefore, it is urgent to find effective treatment methods. The goal of our research was to assess the effectiveness of radiofrequency ablation combined with steroid injection versus steroid injection alone in the treatment of chronic sacroiliac joint arthritis (SIJ) pain. Methods Sixty patients with chronic SIJ pain were divided into two groups randomly: Group RF (n = 30) received intraarticular RF + methylprednisolone, while Group C (n = 30) received intraarticular methylprednisolone alone. The Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and Patient Global Impression of Change Scale (PGIC) were followed up at each observation time (before the intervention, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, and 12 months). Results The NRS and ODI reduced following treatment compared to pretreatment values; however, the PGIC increased in both groups. The NRS in the RF group reduced significantly than in the control group after treatment at nearly all time intervals after the third month with p = 0.015*, 0.004*, 0.049*, and 0.025*, respectively. After the first month, the difference in PGIC score between the two groups becomes statistically significant at nearly all time intervals with p < 0.05. At nearly all time intervals, the RF group had higher PGIC scores. Conclusion PRF ablation with methylprednisolone injection is a safe and efficient treatment for sacroiliac pain. It has the potential to considerably reduce sacroiliac pain, lower ODI, raise PGIG, and improve physical and mental quality of life.
Personalized Autonomous Vehicle Control for Typical Driving Scenarios

In a real traffic environment, different drivers demonstrate different driving behaviors, and a single driving mode of an autonomous vehicle is not able to meet different driving requirements. Especially, for high-level autonomous vehicles, if the autonomous vehicle does not match the human driver's expectations, the acceptance of the autonomous vehicle system will be reduced, and sometimes may even lead to accidents. This paper fully considers the personalized driving characteristics for autonomous vehicle control. Firstly, with the control mode switching algorithm, autonomous vehicles realize the switch of control modes with respect to different typical driving scenarios. Secondly, based on chance constrained programming, this study introduces the driver into control constraints, which can reflect different driving personality characteristics. Finally, the proposed algorithms are tested in the hardware in the loop (HIL) experiment. The results show that the proposed personalized algorithm and control mode switching method can not only improve the comfort of the vehicle, but also ensure the safety of the driver.