Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sentiment Analysis for People's Opinions about COVID-19 Using LSTM and CNN Models

The emergence of social media platforms, which contributed in activating the patterns of connection between individuals, leads to the availability of a huge amount of content such as text, images, and videos. Twitter is one of the most popular platforms of social media that encourage researchers to investigate people’s feelings and opinions among through sentiment analysis studies that elicited the interest of researchers in natural language processing field. Many techniques related to machine learning and deep learning models could be used to improve the efficiency and performance of sentiment analysis, especially in complex classification problems. In this paper, different models of long short-term memory recurrent neural network are used for the sentiment classification task. The input text was represented as vectors using Arabic pre-trained word embedding (Aravec). Experiments were conducted using different dimensions of Aravec on 15779 tweets about COVID-19 collected and labeled as positive and negative. The experimental results show an accuracy value of 98%.
Effect of electronic energy loss and irradiation temperature on color-center creation in LiF and NaCl crystals irradiated with swift heavy ions

LiF and NaCl crystals were irradiated at 8 K and 300 K with various light and heavy ions (C, Ti, Ni, Kr, Sm, Au, Pb, and U) of kinetic energy between about 50 and 2600 MeV, providing electronic energy losses from 0.7 to 26.4 keV/nm. A cryostat installed at the beamline allowed in situ absorption spectroscopy and thermostimulated luminescence (TSL) measurements from 8 K upward. Creation of electron and hole color centers is analyzed as a function of irradiation temperature, fluence, and thermal and optical bleaching. Anion interstitials ($I$ and $H$ centers) were only observed in crystals irradiated at 8 K. These defects are unstable and disappear in the temperature range 10--100 K. For heavy ions (Au, U), the $F$-center accumulation efficiency at low fluences is larger at 8 K than at room temperature. The opposite effect is observed for light ions (C, Ti, Ni). The results are discussed within the frame of transient heating influencing separation or annealing of point defects.
The Advanced Diabetes Technologies for Reduction of the Frequency of Hypoglycemia and Minimizing the Occurrence of Severe Hypoglycemia in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes

Hypoglycemia is an often-observed acute complication in the management of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. It causes inappropriate glycemic outcomes and may impair the quality of life in the patients. Severe hypoglycemia with cognitive impairment, such as a convulsion and coma, is a lethal condition and is associated with later-onset cognitive impairment and brain-structural abnormalities, especially in young children. Therefore, reducing the frequency of hypoglycemia and minimizing the occurrence of severe hypoglycemia are critical issues in the management of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Advanced diabetes technologies, including continuous glucose monitoring and sensor-augmented insulin pumps with low-glucose suspension systems, can reduce the frequency of hypoglycemia and the occurrence of severe hypoglycemia without aggravating glycemic control. The hybrid closed-loop system, an automated insulin delivery system, must be the most promising means to achieve appropriate glycemic control with preventing severe hypoglycemia. The use of these advanced diabetes technologies could improve glycemic outcomes and the quality of life in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
Spatial Cognition of the Visually Impaired: A Case Study in a Familiar Environment

Objectives: This paper aims to explore the factors influencing the spatial cognition of the visually impaired in familiar environments. Background: Massage hospitals are some of the few places that can provide work for the visually impaired in China. Studying the spatial cognition of the visually impaired in a massage hospital could be instructive for the design of working environments for the visually impaired and other workplaces in the future. Methods: First, the subjective spatial cognition of the visually impaired was evaluated by object layout tasks for describing the spatial relationships among object parts. Second, physiological monitoring signal data, including the electrodermal activity, heart rate variability, and electroencephalography, were collected while the visually impaired doctors walked along prescribed routes based on the feature analysis of the physical environment in the hospital, and then their physiological monitoring signal data for each route were compared. The visual factors, physical environmental factors, and human–environment interactive factors that significantly impact the spatial cognition of visually impaired people were discussed. Conclusions: (1) visual acuity affects the spatial cognition of the visually impaired in familiar environments; (2) the spatial cognition of the visually impaired can be promoted by a longer staying time and the more regular sequence of a physical environment; (3) the spatial comfort of the visually impaired can be improved by increasing the amount of greenery; and (4) the visual comfort of the visually impaired can be reduced by rich interior colors and contrasting lattice floor tiles.
Laser beam alignment and profilometry using diagnostic fluorescent safety mirrors

There are a wide range of laser beam delivery systems in use for various purposes; including industrial and medical applications. Virtually all such beam delivery systems for practical purposes employ optical systems comprised of mirrors and lenses to shape, focus and guide the laser beam down to the material being processed. The goal of the laser beam delivery is to set the optimum parameters and to "fold" the beam path to reduce the mechanical length of the optical system, thereby allowing a physically compact system. In many cases, even a compact system can incorporate upwards of six mirrors and a comparable number of lenses all needing alignment so they are collinear. One of the major requirements for use of such systems in industry is a method of safe alignment. The alignment process requires that the aligner determine where the beam strikes each element. The aligner should also preferably be able to determine the shape or pattern of the laser beam at that point and its relative power. These alignments are further compounded in that the laser beams generated are not visible to the unaided human eye. Such beams are also often of relatively high power levels, and are thereby a significant hazard to the eyes of the aligner. Obvious an invisible beam makes it nearly impossible to align laser system without some form of optical assistance. The predominant method of visually aligning the laser beam delivery is the use of thermal paper, paper cards or fluorescing card material. The use of paper products which have limited power handling capability or coated plastics can produce significant debris and contaminants within the beam line that ultimately damage the optics. The use of the cards can also create significant laser light scatter jeopardizing the safety of the person aligning the system. This paper covers a new safety mirror design for use with at various UV and Near IR wavelengths (193 nm to 1064 nm) within laser beam delivery systems and how its use can provide benefits covering eye safety, precise alignment and beam diagnostics.
A dual-mode dual-band bandpass filter using a tri-stubs loaded multimode resonator (TSLMR)

This paper presents a tri-stubs loaded multimode resonator (TSLMR) for designing dual-band bandpass filters. The TSLMR produces four spitting modes and the modal character is analyzed by using odd- and even-mode methods. A pair of even–odd modes is used to form the first passband, while another pair is used to produce the second passband. This resonator structure provides sufficient degrees of freedom to control the central frequencies and bandwidth of each passbands. Meanwhile, multi-transmission zeros are properly tuned for the rejections between the two passbands and in the upper stopband. A dual-band BPF operating at 1.57 and 3.5 GHz is designed and fabricated. Without a shorted structure and extra resonator, the measured filter shows good performance for both in band matching and outside rejections of the desired dual-passbands.
Controls on Flood Trends Across the United States

Trends in flood magnitudes vary across the conterminous USA (CONUS). There have been attempts to identify what controls these regionally varying trends, but these attempts were limited to certain—for example, climatic—variables or to smaller regions, using different methods and datasets each time. Here we attribute the trends in annual maximum streamflow for 4,390 gauging stations across the CONUS in the period 1960–2010, while using a novel combination of methods and an unprecedented variety of potential controlling variables to allow large‐scale comparisons and minimize biases. Using process‐based flood classification and complex networks, we find 10 distinct clusters of catchments with similar flood behavior. We compile a set of 31 hydro‐climatological and land use variables as predictors for 10 separate Random Forest models, allowing us to find the main controls the flood magnitude trends for each cluster. By using Accumulated Local Effect plots, we can understand how these controls influence the trends in the flood magnitude. We show that hydro‐climatologic changes and land use are of similar importance for flood magnitude trends across the CONUS. Static land use variables are more important than their trends, suggesting that land use is able to attenuate (forested areas) or amplify (urbanized areas) the effects of climatic changes on flood magnitudes. For some variables, we find opposing effects in different regions, showing that flood trend controls are highly dependent on regional characteristics and that our novel approach is necessary to attribute flood magnitude trends reliably at the continental scale while maintaining sensitivity to regional controls.
Terahertz imaging with a direct detector based on superconducting tunnel junctions

We demonstrated terahertz imaging using a direct detector based on niobium superconducting tunnel junctions (STJs). The detector is composed of linearly distributed junctions placed on a superconducting microstrip line and is integrated on two wings of a log-periodic antenna. We succeeded nondestructive imaging for an integrated-circuit card and dry material using the detector around its sensitivity peak (∼0.66THz). The dynamic range was measured to be higher than 4×107 (76dB). Thus, the STJ detector is applicable to high-sensitivity and high-speed terahertz imaging for various nondestructive inspection applications.
Heating of plasma by Alfvén waves envelope

Alfven waves are investigated including dissipation (resistivity, viscosity) and the Hall effect (dispersion), searching for the dominant nonlinear effects. First a modulational instability arises, which heats the plasma and causes a solition envelope to develop. Both the stationary and non-stationary soliton envelopes were studied. For certain conditions shock waves are generated. Finally the emission of ion-sound waves by the accelerated solition envelope in inhomogeneous plasma is discussed.
Weight evolution algorithm with dynamic offset range

The main problems for gradient-descent algorithms such as backpropagation are its slow convergence rate and the possibility of being trapped in local minima. In this paper, a weight evolution algorithm with dynamic offset range is proposed to remedy the above problems. The idea of weight evolution is to evolve the network weights in a controlled manner during the learning phase of backpropagation so as to jump to the regions of smaller mean squared error whenever the backpropagation stops at a local minimum. If the algorithm is consistently being trapped in a local minimum, the offset range for weight evolution will be incremented to allow larger weight space to be searched. When the local minimum is bypassed, the offset range will be reset to the initial value. It can be proved that this method can always escape local minima and guarantee convergence to the global solution. Simulation results show that the weight evolution algorithm with dynamic offset range gives a faster convergence rate and global search capability.
Finite-Larmor-radius kinetic theory of a magnetized plasma in the macroscopic flow reference frame

A straightforward operator method is used to derive a form of the drift-kinetic equation for a collisionless plasma species in the moving reference frame of its macroscopic flow. This equation is valid for sonic time scales and flow velocities, with first-order finite-Larmor-radius effects included. It applies rigorously to far-from-Maxwellian distribution functions and to general space and time variations of the magnetic field. Its velocity moments are shown to reproduce exactly the corresponding fluid equations obtained from moments of the full Vlasov equation.
Communication Security of Microwave QR Code

This letter studies communication security of intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-based microwave quick response (QR) code. Specifically, the confidential information at a low-cost low-power Internet-of-Things device (Alice) is encoded as a microwave QR code on its associated IRS. To acquire the microwave QR code, a radio frequency signal is transmitted by an authorized user (Bob) and then received by itself through the reflection at the IRS. Meanwhile, a passive eavesdropper (Eve) attempts to intercept the reflected signal from the IRS and decode the carried confidential information. To enhance security, the transmitted signal and the receiving beamforming at Bob are jointly designed while the receiving beamforming vector at Eve is also optimized to capture the worse case of eavesdropping. Based on this, the average bit error probabilities at Bob and Eve are derived for phase shift keying (PSK). The simulation results demonstrate the secrecy performance of the considered system.
Tensor decomposition and its applications

In this Thesis I review classical vector tensor analysis, building up to the necessary techniques required to decompose a tensor into a tensor train and to reconstruct it back into the original tensor with minimal error. The tensor train decomposition decomposes a tensor of dimensionality d into a train of d third order tensors, whose sizes are dependent upon the rank and chosen error bound. I will be reviewing the required operations of matricization, tensor matrix, vector and tensor multiplication to be able to compute this decomposition. I then move onto analysing the tensor train decomposition by applying it to different types of tensor, of differing dimensionality with a variety of accuracy bounds to investigate their influence on the time taken to complete the decomposition and the final absolute error. Finally I explore a method to compute a d-dimensional integration from the tensor train, which will allow larger tensors to be integrated with the memory required dramatically reduced after the tensor is decomposed. I will be applying this technique to two tensors with different ranks and compare the efficiency and accuracy of integrating directly from the tensor to that of the tensor train decomposition.
Use of the psychomotor vigilance test to aid in the selection of risk controls in an air medical transport operation

Abstract Study Objectives This study evaluated the utility and ecological validity of the 3-minute psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) completed by safety-critical personnel in an air medical transport operation as part of a fatigue risk management program. Methods Crewmembers in an air medical transport operation self-administered an alertness assessment incorporating a 3-minute PVT at different time points during their duty schedule. The prevalence of alertness deficits was evaluated based on a failure threshold of 12 errors considering both lapses and false starts. To evaluate the ecological validity of the PVT, the relative frequency of failed assessments was evaluated relative to crewmember position, timing of the assessment within the duty schedule, time of day, and sleep quantity in the last 24 h. Results 2.1% of assessments were associated with a failing PVT score. Crewmember position, timing of assessment within the duty shift, time of day, and sleep quantity in the last 24 h were found to affect the relative frequency of failed assessments. Obtaining less than 7–9 h of sleep was associated with systematic increases in the failure rate (F[1, 54 612] = 168.1, p < .001). Obtaining less than 4 h of sleep was associated with a frequency of a failed assessment 2.99 times higher than the frequency of a failed assessment when obtaining 7–9 h of sleep. Conclusions Results provide evidence for the utility and ecological validity of the PVT as well as the suitability of the PVT failure threshold to support fatigue risk management in safety-critical operations.
Fluid equations for a partially ionized plasma

Transport coefficients and fluid equations in the limit of short mean free path are derived for a partially ionized plasma undergoing charge exchange, ionization, and recombination. The electron distribution is assumed to be unaffected by these processes and by collisions with neutral particles, and collisions among the neutrals are neglected. The calculated heat flux and viscosity contain terms purely related to charge exchange, and terms proportional to their usual counterparts in a completely ionized plasma with an additional proportionality factor equal to the inverse square of the fraction of ions in the plasma. The reason for this latter behavior is that charge exchange does not randomize particle trajectories, so that heavy particles suffer an ‘‘identity crisis’’ by existing alternately as neutrals and ions. The use of a closer approximation to the charge‐exchange cross section than previously employed gives rise to new terms in the neutral momentum and energy equations, representing the thermal fo.
Travel medicine in hospitality: an interdisciplinary perspective

Purpose This paper aims to introduce an under-researched concept, travel medicine, to the hospitality field and proposes future research directions. This paper also highlights the need to acknowledge the missing link between hospitality and medical science and encourages research on the health of hotel guests, especially those with mental disorders. Design/methodology/approach By synthesizing relevant literature, this study proposes a conceptual framework focused on identifying and filling knowledge gaps between hospitality and medical science. Pathways for empirical research on hotel guests’ travel health are suggested accordingly. Findings This paper reveals that the topic of travel medicine has been neglected in hospitality, especially in relation to vulnerable hotel guests. Additionally, this study suggests that researchers should move beyond the confines of social science and conduct interdisciplinary hospitality studies. In-depth analyses of hotel guests’ health and safety are also recommended. Research limitations/implications This conceptual piece serves as a “provocation” that is exploratory, thus laying a foundation for future interdisciplinary studies bridging hospitality and medical science. This paper offers practical significance for hospitality stakeholders (i.e. academics, practitioners, hotel guests and society) and also provides guidelines on how to create vulnerability-friendly hospitality environments. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study takes an important step toward interdisciplinary research between hospitality and medical science through the lens of travel medicine. This paper offers insight to bridge these disciplines and extend hospitality research into medical science. This paper further identifies an under-investigated topic and feasible research avenues that can offer timely solutions for hospitality academics and practitioners.
Path planning algorithm for field traffic

For autonomous field robots path planning is needed for automatic operation. In robotics path planning usually means that an algorithm has to find a path from place A to place B in order to avoid collisions with obstacles. In agricultural robotics, the task is usually to cover the whole field, not only going from point A to point B. The shape and size of fields varies a lot, especially in Finland fields are usually small, bounded by other terrain types, e.g. lakes or forests, and shapes are far from orthogonal and convex. A good path planning algorithm can solve the problem for any kind of field. In this paper the path planning problem is divided into two levels. In the higher level the complex shaped field is split into smaller parts and in the lower level the path is planned to smaller parts separately. The higher level splitting algorithm is presented in detail in this paper. The algorithm can handle any field, including obstacles. The algorithm is based on trapetzoidal split, merge and search. The input to the algorithm is the boundary of the field as polygons both interior and exterior, plus the main vehicle parameters. The output of the algorithm are a collection of subfield, which can be driven in parallel driving lines.
10-micron interferometry of the disk and wind of the massive young star MWC349 A

We present VLTI-MIDI (the Mid-Infrared Interferometric Instrument at ESO's Very Large Telescope Interferometer) observations of MWC349 A, which are a prime example of the power of combined spatial and spectral resolution for addressing complex astrophysical phenomena. Previous observations of the peculiar emission line star MWC349A suggest that it is a young massive star in the short-lived phase of already having dissipated its parent cloud, but still being surrounded by the accretion disk, which is seen nearly edge-on. It is believed that the unique hydrogen recombination line maser / laser activity of MWC349A from mm to infrared wavelengths is also a consequence of this viewing geometry. We have taken 13 measurements with MIDI at the VLTI (Very Large Telescope Interferometer) in the GRISM mode covering the N band (8 to 13 microns) at a spectral resolution R ≈ 230. The wavelength dependence of the continuum visibility agrees with model calculations for circumstellar dust disks. In addition, the signatures of at least a dozen emission lines have been identified in the interferometric data. We present a first analysis of visibility amplitudes and differential phase data. In particular we show that a simple model can represent the SED and visibility amplitude of the continuum flux. Also the visibilities for the hydrogen and forbidden lines are discussed.
Targeted Cytokine Delivery for Cancer Treatment: Engineering and Biological Effects

Anti-tumor properties of several cytokines have already been investigated in multiple experiments and clinical trials. However, those studies evidenced substantial toxicities, even at low cytokine doses, and the lack of tumor specificity. These factors significantly limit clinical applications. Due to their high specificity and affinity, tumor-specific monoclonal antibodies or their antigen-binding fragments are capable of delivering fused cytokines to tumors and, therefore, of decreasing the number and severity of side effects, as well as of enhancing the therapeutic index. The present review surveys the actual antibody–cytokine fusion protein (immunocytokine) formats, their targets, mechanisms of action, and anti-tumor and other biological effects. Special attention is paid to the formats designed to prevent the off-target cytokine–receptor interactions, potentially inducing side effects. Here, we describe preclinical and clinical data and the efficacy of the antibody-mediated cytokine delivery approach, either as a single therapy or in combination with other agents.