Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HIF-1 (cid:1) coordinates lymphangiogenesis during wound healing and in response to inﬂammation

This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms that coordinate lymphangiogenesis. Using mouse models of lymphatic regeneration and inﬂammatory lymphangiogenesis, we explored the hypothesis that hypoxia inducible factor- (cid:1) (HIF-1 (cid:1) ) is a central regulator of lymphangiogenesis. We show that HIF-1 (cid:1) inhibition by small molecule inhibitors (YC-1 and 2-methyoxyestradiol) results in delayed lymphatic repair, decreased local vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) expression, reduced numbers of VEGF-C (cid:2) cells, and reductions in inﬂammatory lymphangiogenesis. Using transgenic HIF-1 (cid:1) /luciferase mice to image HIF-1 (cid:1) expression in real time in addition to Western blot analysis and pimonidazole staining for cellular hypoxia, we demonstrate that hypoxia stabilizes HIF-1 (cid:1) during initial stages of wound repair (1–2 wk); whereas inﬂammation secondary to gradients of lymphatic ﬂuid stasis stabilizes HIF-1 (cid:1) thereaf-ter (3–6 wk). In addition, we show that CD4 (cid:2) cell-mediated inﬂammation is necessary for this response and regulates HIF-1 (cid:1) expression by macrophages, as CD4-deﬁcient or CD4-depleted mice demonstrate 2-fold reductions in HIF-1 (cid:1) expression as compared to wild-types. In summary, we show that HIF-1 (cid:1) is a critical coordinator of lymphangiogenesis by regulating the expression of lymphangiogenic cytokines as part of an early response mechanism to hypoxia, inﬂammation, and lymphatic ﬂuid stasis. —Zampell, J. HIF-1 (cid:1) coordinates lymphangiogenesis during wound healing and in response to inﬂammation. FASEB J. 26, www.fasebj. org
Putting Data Protection by Design on the Blockchain

The principle of data protection by design, as it is enshrined in article 25 of the GDPR, is difficult to apply in blockchains. This article will assess how the reliance on asymmetric encryption and other privacy enhancing technological architectures -necessary in a blockchain-based system-approach both user control and data protection by design compliance from the single scope of anonymization and unlinkability. Data subjects’ rights, accountability, and the potential shortcomings of applied technological constraints are thus sidelined. Ul-timately, this limited understanding of technological privacy, acts as a misguiding set of principles for technological co-regulation through standardisation in blockchains. The standardization of these choices without a holistic analysis of data protection by design imper-atives could ultimately weaken the position of data subjects, whose trust in the technological protections of personal data might prove to be relatively misplaced.
Interactions and Merging of Line Vortices.

Abstract : The results of a theoretical and experimental study of the interactions between adjacent line vortices are presented. Particular emphasis is given to the process of merging or pairing in which two vortices of like sign coalesce to form a single vortex. Merging is discussed in terms of its importance to the growth and aging of turbulent shear layers and aircraft wakes. Flow visualization experiments are described in which merging was observed by means of smoke injected into a wind tunnel flow. Vortex pairs of like sign and equal strength, varying sign and strength, and opposite sign and equal strength were studied. Good qualitative agreement is found between the observed flow patterns and those calculated by means of a computer code.
Energy Enhancement by Selecting Optimal Routing Path from Source to sink Nodes: Survey

WS Ns are used for collecting limitations have to be taken into account when designing energy dissipation significantly methods namely A-star algorithm and fuzzy approach for WSN routing path from the source to the destination, by considering the battery power, number of hops, and traffic load for extend lifetime improves by employing the optimized routing protocol lifetime.
On the structure of instability in moduli theory

We formulate a theory of instability and Harder-Narasimhan filtrations for an arbitrary moduli problem in algebraic geometry. We introduce the notion of a $\Theta$-stratification of a moduli problem, which generalizes the Kempf-Ness stratification in GIT as well as the Harder-Narasimhan stratification for coherent sheaves on a projective scheme, and establish necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of these stratifications. For a certain class of algebraic stacks, which we call $\Theta$-reductive, the existence of $\Theta$-stratifications can be reduced to solving a relatively straightforward "boundedness" problem. We apply our methods to an example that lies beyond the reach of classical methods: the stratification of the stack of objects in the heart of a Bridgeland stability condition.
The use of the Registered Reports format for publication of clinical trials: a cross-sectional study

Objective: Registered Reports is a new publication format that aims to strengthen the methodology and transparency of research papers by reducing issues such as publication bias and outcome switching. It involves a peer review of the protocol before the start of the study followed by an in-principle acceptance by the journal without knowing the study results. Because of the coherence of the requirements of this format with the confirmatory nature of randomised controlled (RCTs) trials, we aimed to identify and describe RCTs published as Registered Reports. Design: Cross-sectional study Setting: PubMed/Medline and a Zotero library compiled by the Center for Open Science Eligibility criteria: Publications identified as Registered Reports reporting results of RCTs Main outcome measures: The primary outcome was the proportion of reports that received an in-principle acceptance and/or published a protocol before inclusion of the first patient. The secondary outcome concerned information collected on changes in the primary outcome (in relation to the protocol). Results: A total of 93 RCT publications identified as Registered Reports were included. All but one were published in the same journal group. The date of the in-principle acceptance was never documented. For 8/93 reports (8.6%, 95%CI [3.8%-16.2%]), a protocol was published in a journal before inclusion of the first patient. Missing dates prevented any checks for a further 6/93 reports. The remaining 79/93 (84.9 %) had a protocol published after the date of inclusion of the first patient. A change in the primary outcome in relation to the protocol was noted in 40/93 (44%) of these publications and 3/40 (33%) mentioned this change. Conclusions: Registered Reports have been developed as a means to improve research reproducibility. Not only is therapeutic research lagging behind with regard to the implementation of this new format, but its implementation to date has been far removed from the very idea of a Registered Report. Journals need to implement this new publication format correctly in order to increase reproducibility in therapeutic research. Protocol registration: https://osf.io/zf53p/
The speed of vaccination rollout and the risk of pathogen adaptation

Vaccination is expected to reduce disease prevalence and to halt the spread of epidemics. But pathogen adaptation may erode the efficacy of vaccination and challenge our ability to control disease spread. Here we examine the influence of the speed of vaccination rollout on the overall risk of pathogen adaptation to vaccination. We extend the framework of evolutionary epidemiology theory to account for the different steps leading to adaptation to vaccines: (1) introduction of a vaccine-escape variant by mutation from the wild-type pathogen, (2) invasion of this vaccine-escape variant in spite of the risk of early extinction, (3) spread and, eventually, fixation of the vaccine-escape variant in the pathogen population. We show that the risk of pathogen adaptation is maximal for intermediate speed of vaccination rollout. On the one hand, slower rollout decreases pathogen adaptation because selection is too weak to avoid early extinction of the new variant. On the other hand, faster rollout decreases pathogen adaptation because it reduces the influx of adaptive mutations. Hence, vaccinating faster is recommended to decrease both the number of cases and the likelihood of pathogen adaptation. We also show that pathogen adaptation is driven by its basic reproduction ratio, the efficacy of the vaccine and the effects of the vaccine-escape mutations on pathogen life-history traits. Accounting for the interplay between epidemiology, selection and genetic drift, our work clarifies the influence of vaccination policies on different steps of pathogen adaptation and allows us to anticipate the effects of public-health interventions on pathogen evolution.
Fully Personalised Degenerative Disease Modelling - A Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Case Study

Predicting the trajectory of rare degenerative diseases can be extremely beneficial, especially when these predictions are personalised to be relevant for a specific patient. These predictions can help inform and advise patients, families, and clinicians about the next stages of treatment and care. Obtaining such predictions, however, can be challenging, especially when data is limited. In particular, it is important that these predictions do not rely too heavily on general trends from the wider afflicted population while not relying exclusively on the, potentially sparse, data from the patient in question. We present a case study, wherein a modelling framework is developed for predicting a patient's long term trajectory, using a mix of data from the patient of concern and a database of previously observed patients. This framework directly accounts for the temporal structure of a patient's trajectory, effortlessly handles a large amount of missing data, allows for a wide range of patient progression, and offers a robust quantification of the various uncertainties. We showcase this framework to an example involving Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, where it provides promising results.
Assessment of Joint and Interactive Effects of Multimorbidity and Chronic Pain on ADRD Risk in the Elder Population

Objective: Multimorbidity and non-cancer chronic pain conditions (NCPC) are independently linked to elevated risk for cognitive impairment and incident Alzheimers Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD)-both - We present the study of potential joint and interactive effects of these conditions on the risk of incident ADRD in older population. Methods: This retrospective-cohort study drew baseline and 2-year follow-up data from linked Medicare claims and Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (MCBS). Baseline multimorbidity and NCPC were ascertained using claims data. ADRD was ascertained at baseline and follow-up. Results: NCPC accompanied by multimorbidity (vs. absence of NCPC or multimorbidity) had a significant and upward association with incident ADRD (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.72, 95% CI 1.38, 2.13, p<0.0001). Secondary analysis by number of comorbid conditions suggested that the joint effects of NCPC and multimorbidity on ADRD risk may increase with rising number contributing chronic conditions. Interaction analyses indicated significantly elevated excess risk for incident ADRD.
Smoothness Priors and the Distributed Lag Estimator.

Abstract : Shiller's distributed lag estimator based on a smoothness prior demonstrates the potential of the Bayesian approach to statistical model building. Nevertheless, when the number of significant lag coefficients is small the assumption of smoothness of the pattern of the lag coefficients may not be appropriate. In this paper, to cover such a situation, the smoothness is assumed for the behavior of the coefficients viewed in the frequency domain. This definition leads to a smoothness prior with a particularly simple form. Numerical result shows that the estimator based on this smoothness prior produces good estimates of the lag coefficients where Shiller's prior produces highly biased estimates. It is also observed that the new estimator produces reasonable results even when the Shiller's prior is more appropriate. The danger of introducing a bias by assuming a Bayesian model is stressed in the discussion. (Author)
On the Nature of M stars with a 60 microns Excess

Some years ago, Willems & de Jong (1988) noticed that many carbon stars display an excess of emission at 60 pm and explained it by the presence of a fossil dust shell, containing only cold dust. This detached dust shell would be the result of an interruption of the mass loss, consequence of a thermal pulse. Detached shells around C stars have actually been mapped in the CO lines (Olofsson et al. 1992), and at 60pm (Waters et al. 1994). In 1992, Zijlstra et al. found about 100 M stars displaying an excess of emission at 60 /jm, and proposed that interruptions of the mass loss due to thermal pulses is a general phenomenon on the AGB. This assumption is now supported by the theoretical calculations of Vassiliadis & Wood (1993). Here we present a detailed study of the 100 M stars of Zijlstra et al. in order to test the previous assumption.
STUDY OF GENETIC DIVERSITY OF IRANIAN INDIGENOUS BUFFALO POPULATIONS USING MICROSATELLITE MARKERS Study of genetic diversity of Iranian populations

Vol No.1, Indigenous buffalo breeds represent a unique genetic resource, and understanding their variability, population structure and breeding units is important for their sustainable conservation. In the present study the genetic structure of Iranian buffalo populations was analyzed using ten microsatellite markers. Two hundred hair samples were collected and DNA was extracted using modified salting out method. After Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), the PCR products were electrophoresed using 9% polyacrylamide gel. Fifty- nine alleles were observed for all the loci. The average number of alleles was 5.90 and the effective average number of alleles was 4.86. The high level of mean heterozygosity index between three populations indicate that the genetic diversity is high in within and between populations. The mean of polymorphism information content (PIC) value for all loci was 0.70. The FST value for the total loci was 0.01, indicating a very low level of genetic structure among populations. The genetic structure AMOVA analysis showed that about 3% of the total genetic variation was explained by population differences and 97 percent was corresponded to differences among individuals. The obtained results at the present study indicated that characterization of genetic diversity by employing molecular tools is a prerequisite in developing strategies for conservation and utilization of buffalo genetic resources.
A Consideration of Added Value Which Inﬂuences Information Diffusion

—In the case of existing information diffusion models, probability of information diffusion only follows parameters of neighbor nodes sending and receiving information. But, the momentum of diffusion gains in an exponential fashion whenever the information passes through inﬂuential nodes in a real network. For example, when information diffuses through social networking service (SNS), the speed of diffusion increases whenever information passes nodes that is inﬂuential users. This paper quantiﬁes the degree of inﬂuence as information vitality, and proposes the model using it. In addition, the paper considers relationship between diffusion speed and information vitality in simulation of the model.
agronomy From Embryo to Adult: Low Temperatures A ﬀ ect Phase Transitions of Allium sativum L. from Germination to Flowering

: Juvenile and vegetative adult shoot apical meristems (SAM) are actively involved in acquisition of ﬂowering competence, while the embryonic SAM is regarded as “responsible” only for germination. Comparative analyses of imbibed and stratiﬁed seeds of garlic Allium sativum show that only stratiﬁed seedlings produced bulbs and ﬂower stems at the end of the season. Since the seed morphology of stratiﬁed and non-stratiﬁed seeds prior to sowing was similar, the di ﬀ erences are attributed to the molecular alterations in the embryonic SAM. Functional annotation analysis of 3000 di ﬀ erentially expressed genes suggests that seed imbibition reactivates the embryonic cell cycle, initiates the metabolism, and primes garlic seed germination. Stratiﬁcation enhances DNA modiﬁcations, biosynthesis, cellular transport, and tissue development. Similar to vernalization of the vegetative buds, stratiﬁcation of the embryonic SAM resulted in altered expression of meristem-identity and ﬂowering homologs. Phase transitions from seed germination to ﬂowering and bulbing in A. sativum are tightly connected, and possibly associated with downregulation of speciﬁc ﬂowering repressor(s). The embryonic SAM plays an important role not only in seed germination, but in the entire plant life cycle, providing the foundation for the genetic regulation of major functional shifts in metabolism and development.
Endogenous variables in non-linear models with mixed effects: Inconsistence under perfect identification conditions?

This paper examines the consequences of introducing a normally distributed effect into a system where the dependent variable is ordered and the explanatory variable is ordered and endogenous. Using simulation techniques we show that a naive bivariate ordered probit estimator which fails to take a mixed effect into account will result in inconsistent estimates even when identification conditions are optimal. Our results suggest this finding only applies to non-linear endogenous systems.
Different Fast-gate Regulation by External Cl (cid:2) and H (cid:3) of the Muscle-type ClC Chloride Channels

The fast gate of the muscle-type ClC channels (ClC-0 and ClC-1) opens in response to the change of membrane potential (V). This gating process is intimately associated with the binding of external Cl (cid:2) to the channel pore in a way that the occupancy of Cl (cid:2) on the binding site increases the channel’s open probability ( P o ). External H (cid:3) also enhances the fast-gate opening in these channels, prompting a hypothesis that protonation of the binding site may increase the Cl (cid:2) binding afﬁnity, and this is possibly the underlying mechanism for the H (cid:3) modulation. However, Cl (cid:2) and H (cid:3) , modulate the fast-gate P o -V curve in different ways. Varying the external Cl (cid:2) concentrations ([Cl (cid:2) ] o ) shifts the P o -V curve in parallel along the voltage axis, whereas reducing external pH mainly increases the minimal P o of the curve. Furthermore, H (cid:3) modulations at saturating and nonsaturating [Cl (cid:2) ] o are similar. Thus, the H (cid:3) effect on the fast gating appears not to be a consequence of an increase in the Cl (cid:2) binding afﬁnity. We previously found that a hyperpolarization-favored opening process is important to determine the fast-gate P o of ClC-0 at very negative voltages. This [Cl (cid:2) ] o -independent mechanism attracted little attention, but it appears to be the opening process that is modulated by external H (cid:3) .
GARCINIA KOLA SEED AND VITAMIN E AMELIORATES ACETAMINOPHEN INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN ALBINO RATS

Acetaminophen, a widely available drug used to treat fever and pains has been reported to exhibit toxic side effects. The study investigated the ameliorating effects of aqueous Garcinia kola seed extract and vitamin E on oxidative stress induced by acetaminophen in albino rats. The results showed that the acetaminophen induced rats were subjected to oxidative stress as was shown by the extent of lipid peroxidation (high malondialdehyde levels) and marked reduction of enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) levels in the serum when compared with the control. Pretreatment with varied concentration of aqueous Garcinia kola seed extract (800mg/kg, 100mg/kg) and vitamin E (50mg/kg, 25mg/kg) by the oral gavage method for 7 days prior to acetaminophen intraperitoneal administration (800mg) resulted in significant decrease (p<0.05) of malondialdehyde level, increased levels of the activities of SOD, CAT and GPX in the serum thus resulting in reducing the free radicals formation in the blood of the rat. The combined form of pretreatment showed no synergistic effect when compared with the singly pretreatment with either Garcinia kola or vitamin E. These observations demonstrate that aqueous Garcinia kola seed extract and vitamin E possesses antioxidant properties that ameliorates oxidative stress induced by acetaminophen.
Roles of CGS in Met Metabolism in Seeds

: With an aim to elucidate novel metabolic and transcriptional interactions associated with Met metabolism in seeds, we have produced transgenic Arabidopsis seeds expressing a feedback-insensitive form of cystathionine-γ -synthase (CGS), a key enzyme of Met synthesis. Metabolic profiling of these seeds revealed that in addition to higher levels of Met, the levels of many other amino acids were elevated. The most pronounced changes were the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (Ile, Leu, Val and Pro), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, polyamines, and lower levels of polyols, Cys and glutathione. These changes reflect stress responses and an altered mitochondrial energy metabolism. The transgenic seeds also had higher contents of total proteins and starch, but lower water contents. In accordance with the metabolic profiles, microarray analysis identified a strong induction of genes involved in defense mechanisms against osmotic and drought conditions, including those mediated by the signaling cascades of ethylene and abscisic acid. These changes imply that stronger desiccation processes occur during seed development. The expression levels of transcripts controlling the levels of Met, sugars and TCA cycle metabolites were also significantly elevated. Germination assays showed that the transgenic seeds had higher germination rates under salt and osmotic stresses, and in the presence of ethylene substrate and abscisic acid. However, under oxidative conditions, the transgenic seeds displayed much lower germination rates. Altogether, the data provide new insights on the factors regulating Met metabolism in Arabidopsis seeds, and on the mechanisms by which elevated Met levels affect seed composition and behavior. were detected. This suggests a possible cross-talk between the SMM cycle and the Asp-family pathway. Our results indicate that the transgenic seeds try to minimize the effects caused by higher expression levels of AtD-CGS and/or higher Met content by reducing the flux towards Met and elevating its catabolism. Several observations support these assumptions: (i) the higher levels of intermediates in the Asp-family and Met pathways, homoSer and homoCys, indicating the existence of bottlenecks within the pathway that may reduce flux towards Met synthesis.