Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Description of a new cryptic, shallow-water tonguefish (Pleuronectiformes: Cynoglossidae: Symphurus) from the western North Pacific Ocean.

Combined results based on morphological characters and analyses of partial sequences of the 16s rRNA and coI genes confirm the validity of a new, cryptic, symphurine tonguefish from the western North Pacific Ocean. Symphurus leucochilus n. sp. , a diminutive species reaching sizes to c. 67 mm standard length, is described from nine specimens that were collected from fish-landing ports and from trawls made at c. 150 m off Taiwan and Japan. Symphurus leucochilus shares many similar features with those of Symphurus microrhynchus and that of several undescribed species that are morphologically similar to S. microrhynchus. Symphurus leucochilus has also been misidentified as Symphurus orientalis in fish collections because of shared similarities in some aspects of their morphology. The new species differs from all congeners by the following combination of meristic, morphological and pigmentation features: a predominant 1-2-2-2-2 pattern of interdigitation of proximal dorsal-fin pterygiophores and neural spines; 12 caudal-fin rays; 89-92 dorsal-fin rays; 76-80 anal-fin rays; 49-51 total vertebrae; four hypurals; 75-83 longitudinal scale rows; 32-35 transverse scales; 15-17 scale rows on the head posterior to the lower orbit; absence of a fleshy ridge on the ocular-side lower jaw and a membranous connection between the anterior nostril and lower part of the eye; a narrow interorbital space and dorsal-fin origin anterior to the vertical through the anterior margin of the upper eye; absence of both dermal spots at bases of anterior dorsal-fin rays and melanophores on the isthmus; uniformly yellow to light-brown ocular-side colouration without bands; dorsal and anal fins with alternating series of dark rectangular blotches and unpigmented areas; a uniform white blind side and a bluish-black peritoneum. Despite overall similarities in morphology between S. leucochilus and S. orientalis, as well as between two of the nominal species morphologically similar to S. microrhynchus, analyses of partial 16s rRNA and coI gene sequences show that S. leucochilus, S. orientalis and the two other nominal species represent three distinct lineages within the genus Symphurus.
Is Enriched Police Work Enduringly Motivating? A Cross-Decade Study of Officer Job Satisfaction in Community Policing

This paper examines how community policing enriches the job of the officer over time based on work design theory. Utilizing the quasi-panel design, the pai-tsu-so officers of two police departments of the national police of Taiwan were independently surveyed in 1992 and 2003. Findings indicate that the work psychology of these officers changed as a result of the political democratization of the country that led to the transformation of the goals of policing. Although they remain satisfied with their job, they are less anxious to experience growth at work and they perceive less strongly the designed attributes of the job.
Human T‐lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV‐1) genetic typing in Kakeroma Island, an island at the crossroads of the ryukyuans and Wajin in Japan, providing further insights into the origin of the virus in Japan

Peripheral blood samples were collected from 23 human T‐lymphotropic virus type‐1 (HTLV‐1) carriers residing in Kakeroma Island, Japan (Kagoshima Prefecture, Oshima County, Setouchi Town), one of the most highly endemic areas in Japan. The samples were subjected to amplification by PCR and sequencing of the Long Terminal Repeat in order to reconstruct a phylogenetic tree of HTLV‐1 isolates. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of env region was also conducted for subgrouping of HTLV‐1. Although one sample could not be amplified by PCR, and three more could not be sequenced due to the existence of conspicuous nonspecific bands or repeated sequences, the phylogenetic analysis revealed that the remaining 19 isolates obtained from Kakeroma Island belonged to either the Transcontinental or the Japanese subgroups of the Cosmopolitan subtype, one of the three major subtypes. The RFLP data corresponded closely with the typing data throughout the sequencing. The proportion of the Transcontinental subgroup among the isolates was 26.3% (5 of 19) by sequence analysis and 27.3% (6 of 22) by RFLP. Unlike in Taiwan, China and Okinawa, the Japanese subgroup was dominant in Kakeroma Island. The analysis would also suggest that the Japanese subgroup seems not to have derived from the Transcontinental subgroup, but rather that the Transcontinental subgroup came to Japan first and was followed later by the Japanese one. J. Med. Virol. 81:1450–1456, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
“My heart is in his hands”: The lived spiritual experiences of Congolese refugee women survivors of sexual violence

ABSTRACT The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has experienced widespread violence, including sexual violence. Sexual violence toward women includes rape, genital mutilation, and sexual slavery. Many Congolese have sought to escape such conditions as refugees in the USA. In the present study, we examined lived spiritual experiences of nine Congolese refugee women survivors of sexual violence. Overall, this study provides new insights into participants’ experiences of spirituality in the aftermath of sexual trauma and in living as a refugees. Consensual qualitative research (CQR) methods were used to analyze participants’ responses to a semistructured interview protocol. Participants endorsed faith that God was in control, reliance on prayer, gratitude toward God, and difficulty practicing their faith in the USA relative to Africa. Results indicated that religion/spirituality is an integral part of the women’s lives and that it appears to facilitate coping. Clinical and community mental health implications are discussed.
Insurgency in Nepal

Abstract : A decade has passed since the end of the Cold War, and insurgency remains a major factor on the world scene. Whether driven by separatism, religious alienation, or ideological desire to restructure the state, insurgents are as active now as in the earlier Cold War era of state support. Indeed, forced to rely more upon their own devices, insurgencies have posed increasingly complex problems for the globe's numerous weak states which find themselves challenged by a growing array of development and population issues. This reality has driven continuous and extensive U.S. military involvement, thus a renewed need to focus upon the realities of internal war. Upheavals in once-obscure spots such as Nepal have come routinely to demand our attention. The study of such cases will prepare military practitioners for effective engagement -- in strategies, operational art, and tactics. Insurgency in Nepal has existed for perhaps 5 decades but burst into the open only with the declaration of "people's war on February 13, 1996, by the Communist Party (Maoist), or CPN(M), the most radical offshoot of the left wing spectrum in Nepali politics. Desultory action ended when the "Maoists," as they are universally termed, unilaterally abrogated talks with the government and launched a nationwide general offensive in November 2001. Since that time, a steadily increasing level of violence has left as many as 8,000 Nepalis dead, a majority of them in little more than a year. Terror has been integral to the Maoist campaign. US involvement has played an important role in assisting this minor but strategically-located democratic state to meet the challenges posed by ruthless radical actors.
The Data Quality Evaluation of Graph Information

Websites are becoming the most popular media for disclosing information. Graphs are effective and efficient communication media. Therefore, many companies use websites to provide financial graph information. However, some managers may inappropriately adjust the financial graph information on websites from the self-interest angle. This is so-called “impression management”, which may mislead users' opinions and violate the fairness of financial information. The different accounting systems and financial environments between Taiwan and China may lead to different “impression management” behaviors. This study aims to find out the effect of “impression management” on websites in Taiwan and China. The results show the pressure on stock prices makes listed companies in Taiwan more likely to adjust financial graphs improperly. There are many different characteristics in using financial graphs between Taiwan and China. According to this, we suggest users of the financial graph information on Internet paying attention to accuracy of it.
The Contribution Transport Time Makes to Outdoor Programs: A Third Place?

Background: During transport to and from outdoor education field trips, students experience a period of togetherness and minimal imposed structure. Transport time also appears to align with Oldenburg’s third places, where people spend time together without a particular agenda. Purpose: To examine educators’ perspectives on the contribution that transport time makes to OE programs through an analysis featuring the characteristics of third places. Methodology/Approach: The perspectives of 16 outdoor educators (four each from New Zealand, Australia, Hong Kong, and Scotland) were gathered using a semi-structured interview protocol. Data were analyzed using a deductive process based on the third place characteristics; four unforeseen themes also emerged. Findings/Conclusions: Findings highlighted the centrality of conversation between students and between students and educators; the low profile of transport time; and a sense of excitement and fun. Students controlled the intensity of their “presence” through the use of devices (where allowed) and by selecting their sitting position in the vehicle. Implications: The findings show that transport time allowed students to have a broad variety of conversations that could be variously silly and fun, deep and introspective. Educators are encouraged to more carefully consider the contribution that transport time makes to their programs.
Awareness on Risk Factors of Oropharyngeal Cancer and Practice of Oral Sex among Students in Kinshasa City: A Pilot Study

Aims: The present study aimed to estimate the occurrence of oral sex to prevent HPV-associated or opharyngeal cancer. Study design: A prospective cohort study was conducted among the students in the Institut de Technique Medical de Kinshasa (ISTM-KIN), Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Place and Duration of Study: Participants were enrolled from March 2019 through April of the same year in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Kinshasa City. Methodology: Eligibility criteria included both men and women aged 15 to 45 years, enrolled in an educational program, and accepted voluntarily to respondent the survey. Demographic data, history of sexual behavior, initiation times, and knowledge about risk factors of oropharyngeal cancer were evaluated. Differences between groups of sexual behavior were tested by chi-square tests and ANOVA test at signiﬁcant level of 5%. Results: Out of 1,196 participants, 412 (34.4%) were males and 784 (65.6%) females with an average (±SD) age of 20±2.4 years. A total of 964 respondents reported a history of sexually behavior (81%), of that, 53.1% had performed oral sex, 35.4% had vaginal sex and11.5% had practiced sodomy. Oral sex was the first sexual activity practiced with a significant difference among sexual behavior (P= .003). The respondents knew that oral sex is a risk factor for OPC (51.5%; n=616). Conclusion: Oral sex is the first sexual activity performed by students of Kinshasa Nursing School. Therefore, the education program to avoid the risk of HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancers may be necessary.
Anti-CCP3.1 and Anti-CCP-IgA Are Associated with Increasing Age in Individuals Without Rheumatoid Arthritis.

OBJECTIVE We investigated the association of age and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibodies in subjects without RA. METHODS Serum was tested for anti-CCP3.1 (IgG/IgA) in 678 first-degree relatives (FDRs) of RA patients and 330 osteoarthritis (OA) subjects. Individual isotypes (anti-CCPIgA and anti-CCP-IgG) were also tested in all FDRs. RESULTS In FDRs, increasing age was significantly associated with positivity for anti-CCP3.1 (per year, OR=1.03) and anti-CCP-IgA (per year, OR=1.05) but not anti-CCPIgG. In FDRs and OA subjects, anti-CCP3.1 prevalence was significantly increased after age 50. CONCLUSION Increasing age in individuals without RA should be considered in the interpretation of anti-CCP3.1 positivity.
Comparing Minimum Wage Policies in East Asia: Political Competition and Labor Incorporation

Abstract This article attempts to explain the evolution of minimum wage levels in three East Asian economies: Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. A political-economic framework incorporating the levels of political competition and labor incorporation is suggested. With strong political competition and a lack of labor incorporation, South Korea exhibits the strongest minimum wage increase, followed by Taiwan with incorporated labor. Japan has the weakest minimum wage with uncompetitive politics and labor incorporation. The framework is supported by descriptive accounts of the three cases and supplemented by quantitative analysis. As a factor commonly viewed as less relevant for welfare development in the region, the impact of leftist governments is found to be conditional upon the level of political competition. This article contributes to the literature by providing a political-economic explanation of the minimum wage, as well as linking East Asia with the mainstream welfare state literature.
External validation of the risk prediction model for early diabetic kidney disease in Taiwan population: a retrospective cohort study

Objectives This study aims to independently and externally validate the Risk Prediction Model for Diabetic Kidney Disease (RPM-DKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Design This is a retrospective cohort study. Setting Outpatient clinics at Lee’s United Clinics, Taiwan, China. Participants A total of 2504 patients (average age 55.44 years, SD, 7.49 years) and 4455 patients (average age 57.88 years, SD, 8.80 years) were included for analysis in the DKD prediction and progression prediction cohorts, respectively. Exposure The predicted risk for DKD and DKD progression for each patient were all calculated using the RPM-DKD. Primary and secondary outcome measures The primary outcome measure was overall incidence of DKD. Secondary outcomes included DKD progression. The discrimination, calibration and precision of the RPM-DKD score were assessed. Results The DKD prediction cohort and progression prediction cohort consisted of patients with 2504 and 4455 T2DM, respectively. The RPM-DKD examined in this study showed moderately discriminative ability with area under the curve ranged from 0.636 to 0.681 for the occurrence of DKD and 0.620 to 0.654 for the progression of DKD. The Hosmer-Lemeshow χ2 test indicted the RPM-DKD was not well calibrated for predicting the occurrence of DKD and overestimated the progression of DKD. The precision for predicting the occurrence and progression of DKD were 43.2% and 42.2%, respectively. Conclusions On external validation, the RPM-DKD cannot accurately predict the risk of DKD occurrence and progression in patients with T2DM.
Import Risk Analysis of the Decapod Iridescent Virus 1 (DIV1) Applied in South Korea: Qualitative Risk Review and Institutional Improvement Plans

Decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1) is a dangerous new virus that causes mortality to shrimp and crayfish. This virus has been reported in China, which is a major exporter of decapods to South Korea and its neighboring countries, Taiwan and Thailand. This virus can be regarded as a pathogen with a high risk of entry into Korea. Therefore, South Korea has been conducting emergency quarantine for DIV1 since 2020, and in this study, an import risk analysis was performed following the World Organization of Animal Health and domestic laws and regulations to present scientific grounds and validity for South Korea’s DIV1 emergency quarantine. Import risk analysis was performed by hazard identification, entry assessment, exposure assessment, and consequence assessment. As a result of the import risk analysis, it was confirmed that the current DIV1 quarantine can significantly reduce the import risk. However, it was also established that the management of prawns and polychaetes intended for animal feed or bait and currently not subjected to quarantine is also required. Additionally, two species of crabs that would meet the criteria for a completely susceptible species and two species of crayfish that required surveillance of the import amount or route of exposure were also identified. In conclusion, these uses and susceptible species were designated as quarantine targets for nonhuman consumption requiring risk management and import sanitary conditions to be performed before export and after import. Finally, alternatives to reduce the cost burden of stakeholders following the introduction of the system were also presented.
Impact of social media on opinion polarization in varying times

Some scholars have argued that the rise of digital media and a “high-choice media environment” have facilitated selective exposure and led to opinion polarization among the public. Others, in contrast, argued that digital media facilitate incidental exposure to news, connections with weak ties, and the building of heterogeneous networks. This article contends that the polarizing influence of digital media is not always materialized. Rather, the immediate political context matters, and polarization effects of digital media are particularly likely to arise in times of heightened political conflicts. This article analyzes survey data derived before and during the recent Umbrella Movement in Hong Kong. The results show that political communication via social media was significantly related to extremity of political attitudes only during, but not before, the Umbrella Movement. The polarization influence is applicable to both people with and without a clear political orientation. Interpersonal discussion and news exposure also had polarizing effects on public opinion during the Umbrella Movement, suggesting that polarization effect is not unique to social media when the political context itself is polarizing.
Fish farming technology change management in river bank communi t ies of Delta state, Nigeria: The f ish cage culture

The study was carried out with the view to examine fish farming technology change management in river communities of Delta state, Nigeria. A sample size of 166 fish farmers were used for the study. Questionnaire and interview schedule were used to collect data from the respondents. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Most of the farmers were young people with (93.37%) of them. Majority of them had tertiary education. Majority of the farmers were intrinsically motivated to embark on change from earth pond and surface tank management system to the fish cage management system. Average household size was 5 persons. Majority (68.07%) of them embarked on the change slowly. The fish cage technology had relative advantages of being not complex to use, triable, being easily observed and less cost of procurement over surface and earth pond. Majority of the fish farmers were adjudged to be efficient in the management of change from the earth and surface pond to floating fish cage. Relative advantage, relevance, capacity to change, change in management experience, motivation and formal education had significant and positive relationship on change in management efficiency. Complexity and cost had significant and negative relationship on change in management efficiency. Challenges of floating fish cage management included poaching, predators and biofouling. Government should provide access to credits for farm fishers at low interest rates. The usage of floating fish cage technology management system should be encouraged and sustained. The fish farmer’s clusters should hire the services of local security men to solve the problem of poaching. Traps should be placed around cages to discourage predators a nti - fouling preventive measures and treatments are required to counteract biofouling problems. Technology usage training is recommended.
Antinuclear antibodies and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies in patients treated with adalimumab

Introduction: Adalimumab is a fully human monoclonal anti-TNF-α antibody used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis. Other available TNF-α inhibitors, such as infliximab (chimeric monoclonal antibody) and etanercept (soluble anti-TNF-α receptor), can induce the synthesis of autoantibodies and even cause drug-induced lupus. Anti-cyclic citrullinated (anti-CCP) antibodies are highly specific to rheumatoid arthritis and are predictive for rapid progression and erosive disease. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the presence of antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) and anti-CCP antibodies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) before treatment with adalimumab and after 16 weeks of treatment. Material and Methods: The study group consisted of 10 patients with RA, 7 patients with PsA, and 5 patients with AS. Autoantibodies were measured in their sera before the treatment and after 16 weeks. Antinuclear antibodies were tested by immunofluorescence. Anti-CCP antibodies were detected by a commercial second-generation ELISA kit. The data analysis included clinical and laboratory response indices. Results: Antinuclear antibodies were detected in 68% of the patients before treatment and in 54% after 16 weeks of therapy. Although the number of ANA-positive patients was reduced, there was no statistically significant change in their titers. Anti-CCP antibodies were detected in 41% (8 with RA, 1 with AS) of the patients before and in 36% after treatment (all patients with RA). Increases in anti-CCP antibody concentration were observed in 87.5% of the RA patients (P=0.069, Wilcoxon’s test). The mean increase was 77%.
Mandible behaviour interpretation during wakefulness, sleep and sleep‐disordered breathing

The mandible movement (MM) signal provides information on mandible activity. It can be read visually to assess sleep–wake state and respiratory events. This study aimed to assess (1) the training of independent scorers to recognize the signal specificities; (2) intrascorer reproducibility and (3) interscorer variability. MM was collected in the mid‐sagittal plane of the face of 40 patients. The typical MM was extracted and classified into seven distinct pattern classes: active wakefulness (AW), quiet wakefulness or quiet sleep (QW/S), sleep snoring (SS), sleep obstructive events (OAH), sleep mixed apnea (MA), respiratory related arousal (RERA) and sleep central events (CAH). Four scorers were trained; their diagnostic capacities were assessed on two reading sessions. The intra‐ and interscorer agreements were assessed using Cohen's κ. Intrascorer reproducibility for the two sessions ranged from 0.68 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.59–0.77] to 0.88 (95% CI: 0.82–0.94), while the between‐scorer agreement amounted to 0.68 (95% CI: 0.65–0.71) and 0.74 (95% CI: 0.72–0.77), respectively. The overall accuracy of the scorers was 75.2% (range: 72.4–80.7%). CAH MMs were the most difficult to discern (overall accuracy 65.6%). For the two sessions, the recognition rate of abnormal respiratory events (OAH, CAH, MA and RERA) was excellent: the interscorer mean agreement was 90.7% (Cohen's κ: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.79–0.88). The discrimination of OAH, CAH, MA characteristics was good, with an interscorer agreement of 80.8% (Cohen's κ: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.62–0.68). Visual analysis of isolated MMs can successfully diagnose sleep–wake state, normal and abnormal respiration and recognize the presence of respiratory effort.