Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inducing an Order on Cellular Automata by a Grouping Operation Ecole Normale Supérieure De Lyon Inducing an Order on Cellular Automata by a Grouping Operation Inducing an Order on Cellular Automata by a Grouping Operation

A grouped instance of a cellular automaton (CA) is another one obtained by grouping several states into blocks and by letting interact neighbor blocks. Based on this operation (and on the subautomaton notion), a preorder on the set of one dimensional CA is introduced. It is shown that (CA,) admits a global minimum and that on the bottom of (CA,) very natural equivalence classes are located. These classes remind us the rst two well-known Wolfram ones because they capture global (or dynamical) properties as nilpotency or periodicity. Non trivial properties as the undecidability of and the existence of bounded innnite chains are also proved. Finally, it is shown that (CA,) admits no maximum. This result allows us to conclude that, in a \grouping sense", there is no universal CA. Une instance groupe e d'un automate cellulaire (AC) est un autre obtenu par groupage de plusieurs etats en blocs et par l'interaction \naturelle" de ces blocs. Bas e sur cette op eration (et sur la notion de sous-automate), un pr eordre sur l'ensamble des AC a une dimension est introduit. Il est montr e que (AC,) admet un minimum global et que des classes d'equivalence tr es naturelles se trouvent en bas de (AC,). On retrouve dans ces classes les deux premi eres bien connues de Wolfram qui capturent des propiet es globales (ou dynamiques) comme la nilpotence et la p eriodicit e. Des propiet es non triviales comme l'ind ecidabilit e de et l'existence de cha ^ ines innnies born ees sont aussi prouv ees. Finalement il est montr e que (AC,) n'admet pas de maximum. Cet resultat nous permet de conclure qu'il n'existe pas de AC universel d'un point de vue \groupage". intrins eque en temps r eel. Abstract A grouped instance of a cellular automaton (CA) is another one obtained by grouping several states into blocks and by letting interact neighbor blocks. Based on this operation (and on the subautomaton notion), a preorder on the set of one dimensional CA is introduced. It is shown that (CA,) admits a global minimum and that on the bottom of (CA,) very natural equivalence classes are located. These classes remind us the rst two well-known Wolfram ones because they capture global (or dynamical) properties as nilpotency or periodicity. Non trivial properties as the undecidability of and the existence of bounded innnite chains are also proved. Finally, it is shown that (CA,) …
Green Communications: Digital Predistortion for Wideband RF Power Amplifiers

Title Green Communications: Digital Predistortion for Wideband RF Power Amplifiers Authors(s) Guan, Lei; Zhu, Anding Publication date 2014-11-12 Publication information IEEE Microwave Magazine, 15 (7): 84-99 Publisher IEEE Item record/more information http://hdl.handle. net/10197/8638 Publisher's statement © 2014 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works Publisher's version (DOI) 10.1109/MMM.2014. 2356037
Multiple Scattering Properties Based on Modified Microsurface pBRDF Model

Scattering polarization properties are one of the main characteristics of a target. Different material types of the target surface can be expressed by the scattering polarization properties, and the use of polarization to characterise the target more effectively is a highly interesting topic. However, the existing polarized bidirectional reflection distribution function (pBRDF) based on microfacet theory for modelling light transmission over rough surfaces is not general. Modelling the scattering phenomena accurately on microsurfaces from a single specularly polarized reflection to full consideration of diffuse polarization remains a challenging task. In this work, we further introduce a directional diffuse reflection lobe to completely define the polarization properties of light in scattering, and revisit the microsurface in the masking and shadowing function part of the model, expanding the traditional symmetric V-groove structure, which is complemented by an asymmetric V-groove structure to improve the accuracy of the model description. We verify through a series of simulations and experiments that our model is in better agreement with the actual truth and that it is more suitable for describing the scattering polarization properties of most targets.
Relationship Between Tourism Impact, Overtourism and Life Satisfaction of the Gudang Kahuripan Village Community

The purpose of this study to determine and examine the effect of public perceptions of the positive impact of sustainable tourism, the negative impact of unsustainable tourism, the perception overtourism on people’s life satisfaction. Data were collected from distributing questionnaires with techniques to 100 people in Gudang Kahuripan Village. Data analysis used the partial least square - structural equation model (SEM-PLS) method with the positive impact of sustainable tourism and the negative impact of unsustainable tourism as exogenous variables, variables perception overtourism as moderator variable and community life satisfaction variable as endogenous variable. The results partially show that the perception of overtourism has a positive effect on that the negative impact of unsustainable tourism which means that if the negative impact feels high, it will increase the perception of overtourism. Furthermore, the perception of over-tourism has a negative effect on people’s life satisfaction, which means that if the perception of overtourism is high, it will reduce people’s life satisfaction. The positive impact of sustainable tourism has a direct effect on people’s life satisfaction without the presence of a mediator. Meanwhile, the perception of overtourism does not mediate the positive and negative impacts of tourism on people’s life satisfaction, so further studies are needed to ﬁnd other moderating variables.
Thiosulfoantes as Emerging Reactants: Synthesis and Applications

The synthetic strategies towards thiosulfonates (RSO2SR ) are comprehensively reviewed from its original discovery to recent advances. Incorporation of the green credentials of the synthetic procedures towards thiosulfonates allows to judge the merits of the state of the art, beyond the typical yield of a product and availability of the reactants. As reactant for organic transformations, thiosulfonates are particularly interesting given their possibility to react with nucleophiles, electrophiles and radicals. This review aims to give researchers, not familiar with the field, a good understanding of the general applications of thiosulfonates, while not skipping the recent important advances. The related, but less explored, selenosulfonates (RSO2SeR ) are also covered.
Restoration Ecology: Interventionist Approaches for Restoring and Maintaining Ecosystem Function in the Face of Rapid Environmental Change

Restoration ecology provides the conceptual and practical frameworks to guide management interventions aimed at repairing environmental damage. Restoration activities range from local to regional and from volunteer efforts to large-scale multiagency activities. Interventions vary from a "do nothing" approach to a variety of abiotic and biotic interventions aimed at speeding up or altering the course of ecosystem recovery. Revised understanding of ecosystem dynamics, the place of humans in historic ecosystems, and changed environmental settings owing to rapid environmental change all impact on decisions concerning which interventions are appropriate. Key issues relating to ecosystem restoration in a rapidly changing world include understanding how potentially synergistic global change drivers interact to alter the dynamics and restoration of ecosystems and how novel ecosystems without a historic analogue should be managed.
Spatial variability in forest fuels: Simulation modeling and effects on fire behavior

Forests in the western United States and elsewhere face a growing crisis arising from global warming, changes in fuel beds and an increasing human population. Fire management policy emphasizes fuel treatments, such as thinning and prescribed burning, to remedy this situation because fuels are the one component of the problem that we can directly affect through management action. At present, however, the tools we have for the evaluation of fuel treatments are inadequate because they do not describe the fuel bed, or effects of modifications to the fuel bed on fire behavior in sufficient detail. The work described here presents a system that has potential to address the shortcomings of current approaches. In the first chapter, to improve our ability to represent wildland fuels, a three dimensional spatially explicit fuel model, FUEL3D, is presented which represents fuels at a level of detail comparable to what we can actually measure: stands as collections of individual trees, with branches and foliage. In conjunction with new, physical fire models, detailed fire behavior simulations can be carried out using fuels represented with FUEL3D as inputs. This system thus comprises a simulation laboratory which will greatly enhance our capabilities to evaluate fuel treatments and strengthen our understanding of fire and fuel interactions. In the second chapter, this system is demonstrated in an exploratory simulation study which examines the impact of spatial variability within an individual tree crown on fire behavior. Results demonstrate that the distribution of fuel within a tree crown significantly affects the rate of fuel consumption, as well as the timing, duration and magnitude of heat produced. This suggests that modeling of both crown fire initiation and propagation would benefit from more detailed description of crown fuels. In third chapter a replicated series of stand scale fire simulations is carried out to examine variability in forward spread rate; accelerated spread rates endanger fire fighters. Substantial variability is observed to arise from fine scale fuel-atmosphere-fire interactions which are not easily predicted beforehand. A new strategy is proposed in which physical fire models are used to quantify the potential drivers of variability in fire behavior.
Candidate genes for domestication and resistance to cold climate according to whole genome sequencing data of Russian cattle and sheep breeds

It is known that different species of animals, when living in the same environmental conditions, can form similar phenotypes. The study of the convergent evolution of several species under the influence of the same environmental factor makes it possible to identify common mechanisms of genetic adaptation. Local cattle and sheep breeds have been formed over thousands of years under the influence of domestication, as well as selection aimed at adaptation to the local environment and meeting human needs. Previously, we identified a number of candidate genes in genome regions potentially selected during domestication and adaptation to the climatic conditions of Russia, in local breeds of cattle and sheep using whole genome genotyping data. However, these data are of low resolution and do not reveal most nucleotide substitutions. The aim of the work was to create, using the whole genome sequencing data, a list of genes associated with domestication, selection and adaptation in Russian cattle and sheep breeds, as well as to identify candidate genes and metabolic pathways for selection for cold adaptation. We used our original data on the search for signatures of selection in the genomes of Russian cattle (Yakut, Kholmogory, Buryat, Wagyu) and sheep (Baikal, Tuva) breeds. We used the HapFLK, DCMS, FST and PBS methods to identify DNA regions with signatures of selection. The number of candidate genes in potentially selective regions was 946 in cattle and 151 in sheep. We showed that the studied Russian cattle and sheep breeds have at least 10 genes in common, apparently involved in the processes of adaptation/selection, including adaptation to a cold climate, including the ASTN2, PM20D1, TMEM176A, and GLIS1 genes. Based on the intersection with the list of selected genes in at least two Arctic/Antarctic mammal species, 20 and 8 genes, have been identified in cattle and sheep, respectively, that are potentially involved in cold adaptation. Among them, the most promising for further research are the ASPH, NCKAP5L, SERPINF1, and SND1 genes. Gene ontology analysis indicated the existence of possible common biochemical pathways for adaptation to cold in domestic and wild mammals associated with cytoskeleton disassembly and apoptosis.
Design and Fabrication of a High-Gain 60-GHz Corrugated Slot Antenna Array With Ridge Gap Waveguide Distribution Layer

A wideband, high gain high efficiency 16×16-element slot antenna array is presented for 60 GHz band applications. The antenna is designed based on gap waveguide technology. The most important advantage of using this technology is its ability to decrease complexity and cost of fabrication because there is no requirement of electrical contact between the three layers of the antenna structure. The three layers are a corrugated metal plate with radiating slots, a sub-array cavity layer, and a ridge gap waveguide feed network layer. The corporate feed network is realized by a texture of pins and guiding ridges in a metal plate. Also, in order to excite the antenna with a standard V-band rectangular waveguide, a transition from ridge gap waveguide to WR-15 is designed. The radiating elements, corrugations, cavity layer, power dividers and transition are designed and optimized to suppress the reflection coefficient at the input WR-15 port over the desired frequency range from 57 to 66 GHz. Finally, the 16×16-element slot antenna array is fabricated by standard milling technology. Measured results demonstrate about 16% of reflection coefficient bandwidth (|S11| < -10 dB) covering 56-65.7 GHz frequency range, and the measured gain is larger than 32.5 dBi over the band with more than 70% antenna efficiency.
On-farm water management options for increasing irrigation efficiency in command areas of Orissa.

Management of water below the canal outlets offers the greatest scope for increased productionand productivity inthe irrigation commands. This paper presents some of the issues and options available for on-farm water resources management in canal commands of one of the eastern most state of the country (Orissa) with an aim to fine-tune the activities that are, at present, undertaken for resource optimization. The traditional management systems of the area, on-farm-development measures taken through the centrally sponsored Command Area Development and Water Management (CADWM) Programme and farmers' involvement in the process of distribution and utilization of irrigation water are presented in the paper.
Image Reconstruction Using Supervised Learning in Wearable Electrical Impedance Tomography of the Thorax

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a non-invasive technique for visualizing the internal structure of a human body. Capacitively coupled electrical impedance tomography (CCEIT) is a new contactless EIT technique that can potentially be used as a wearable device. Recent studies have shown that a machine learning-based approach is very promising for EIT image reconstruction. Most of the studies concern models containing up to 22 electrodes and focus on using different artificial neural network models, from simple shallow networks to complex convolutional networks. However, the use of convolutional networks in image reconstruction with a higher number of electrodes requires further investigation. In this work, two different architectures of artificial networks were used for CCEIT image reconstruction: a fully connected deep neural network and a conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN). The training dataset was generated by the numerical simulation of a thorax phantom with healthy and illness-affected lungs. Three kinds of illnesses, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, and hydropneumothorax, were modeled using the electrical properties of the tissues. The thorax phantom included the heart, aorta, spine, and lungs. The sensor with 32 area electrodes was used in the numerical model. The ECTsim custom-designed toolbox for Matlab was used to solve the forward problem and measurement simulation. Two artificial neural networks were trained with supervision for image reconstruction. Reconstruction quality was compared between those networks and one-step algebraic reconstruction methods such as linear back projection and pseudoinverse with Tikhonov regularization. This evaluation was based on pixel-to-pixel metrics such as root-mean-square error, structural similarity index, 2D correlation coefficient, and peak signal-to-noise ratio. Additionally, the diagnostic value measured by the ROC AUC metric was used to assess the image quality. The results showed that obtaining information about regional lung function (regions affected by pneumothorax or pleural effusion) is possible using image reconstruction based on supervised learning and deep neural networks in EIT. The results obtained using cGAN are strongly better than those obtained using a fully connected network, especially in the case of noisy measurement data. However, diagnostic value estimation showed that even algebraic methods allow us to obtain satisfactory results.
High-Frequency Electromagnetic Eddy Effect Modeling for Cylindrical and Tapered Bump

In recent 3-D integrated circuits, tapered-shaped bumps (T-bump) have provided an appealing solution over the conventional cylindrical (C-bump) structures due to their reduced parasitic and area requirement. At high frequencies, the nonuniform current distribution and electromagnetic (EM) field produce the eddy effect that primarily affects the through silicon via (TSV) bump performance in the 3-D packaging system. In this regard, this article presents the first realistic and holistic method to analyze the impact of eddy currents on the T- and C-bump. Furthermore, a novel resistance–inductance–conductance–capacitance model is proposed to incorporate the effects of bump, intermetal dielectric, and eddy currents. An analytical solution for the C- and T-bump is proposed using the principles of the partial inductance, Maxwell equations, and differential scalar potential. In order to benchmark, the quantitative values of TSV-bump parasitics are validated against the experimental and structural EM simulations. Encouragingly, good agreement with an average deviation of only 3.1% has been observed. Using a driver via load at 7-nm technology, the crosstalk-induced delay, peak noise voltage, power dissipation, insertion (S21), and reflection (S11) losses are analyzed with and without considering the eddy impact. The performance parameters are further validated with the analytical finite-difference time-domain approach. It is worth emphasizing that the T-bump significantly reduces power dissipation, crosstalk, peak noise, insertion, and reflection losses when compared with the C-bump counterparts. The overall percentage deviation while incorporating the eddy effect is approximately 11.78%, 10.18%, 17.17%, 26.70%, and 45.08% for the crosstalk, peak noise, power dissipation, insertion, and reflection losses, respectively.
Unified Tests for a Dynamic Predictive Regression

Abstract Testing for predictability of asset returns has been a long history in economics and finance. Recently, based on a simple predictive regression, Kostakis, Magdalinos, and Stamatogiannis derived a Wald type test based on the context of the extended instrumental variable (IVX) methodology for testing predictability of stock returns, and Demetrescu showed that the local power of the standard IVX-based test could be improved for some range of alternative hypotheses and the tuning parameter when a lagged predicted variable is added to the predictive regression on purpose, which poses an important question on whether the predictive model should include a lagged predicted variable. This article proposes novel robust procedures for testing both the existence of a lagged predicted variable and the predictability of asset returns regardless of regressors being stationary or nearly integrated or unit root and the AR model for regressors with or without an intercept. A simulation study confirms the good finite sample performance of the proposed tests before illustrating their practical usefulness in analyzing real financial datasets.
The Psychology of Consumer Ethnocentrism and Cosmopolitanism: A Five-Country Study of Values, Moral Foundations, Gender Identities, and Consumer Orientations

The importance of consumer ethnocentrism and cosmopolitanism as predictors of consumer responses towards domestic and foreign products has been well established. Much less is known about the establishment (i.e., the psychological makeup) of these consumer orientations. In this study involving consumers living in five European countries, we fill this void by demonstrating how personal values, moral foundations and gender role identities function, in sequence, in terms of establishing consumers’ ethnocentric and cosmopolitan orientations. Our conceptual framework is anchored primarily in identity and values theories, and focuses on the social categorizations that consumers make and how these contribute to the formation of these orientations. Our findings shed light on the psychology underpinning these orientations, and provide managers with a better understanding of how to profile and segment international consumer markets.
GABAA receptor availability relates to emotion-induced BOLD responses in the medial prefrontal cortex: simultaneous fMRI/PET with [11C]flumazenil

Introduction The fMRI BOLD response to emotional stimuli highlighting the role of the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) has been thoroughly investigated. Recently, the relationship between emotion processing and GABA levels has been studied using MPFC proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). However, the role of GABAA receptors in the MPFC during emotion processing remains unexplored. Methods Using [11C]flumazenil PET, we investigated the relationship between the binding potential of GABAA receptors and emotion processing as measured using simultaneous fMRI BOLD. We hypothesized a correlation between the percent signal change in the BOLD signal and the binding potential of GABAA receptors in the MPFC. In a combined simultaneous fMRI and [11C]flumazenil-PET study, we analyzed the data from 15 healthy subjects using visual emotional stimuli. Our task comprised two types of emotional processing: passive viewing and appraisal. Following the administration of a bolus plus infusion protocol, PET and fMRI data were simultaneously acquired in a hybrid 3 T MR-BrainPET. Results We found a differential correlation of BOLD percent signal change with [11C]flumazenil binding potential in the MPFC. Specifically, [11C]flumazenil binding potential in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vMPFC) correlated with passive viewing of emotionally valenced pictures. In contrast, the [11C]flumazenil binding potential and the BOLD signal induced by picture appraisal did show a correlation in the paracingulate gyrus. Conclusion Our data deliver first evidence for a relationship between MPFC GABAA receptors and emotion processing in the same region. Moreover, we observed that GABAA receptors appear to play different roles in emotion processing in the vMPFC (passive viewing) and paracingulate gyrus (appraisal).