Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tidal-flow, circulation, and flushing characteristics of Kings Bay, Citrus County, Florida

Kings Bay is an estuary on the gulf coast of peninsular Florida with a surface area of less than one square mile. It is a unique estuarine system with no significant inflowing rivers or streams. As much as 99 percent of the freshwater entering the bay originates from multiple spring vents at the bottom of the estuary. The circulation and flushing characteristics of Kings Bay were evaluated by applying SIMSYS2D, a two-dimensional numerical model. Field data were used to calibrate and verify the model. Lagrangian particle simulations were used to determine the circulation characteristics for three hydrologic conditions: low inflow, typical inflow, and low inflow with reduced friction from aquatic vegetation. Spring discharge transported the particles from Kings Bay through Crystal River and out of the model domain. Tidal effects added an oscillatory component to the particle paths. The mean particle residence time was 59 hours for low inflow conditions, 50 hours for typical inflow conditions, and 56 hours for low inflow with reduced friction; therefore, particle residence time is affected more by spring discharge than by bottom friction. Circulation patterns were virtually identical for the three simulated hydrologic conditions. Simulated particles introduced in the southern part of Kings Bay traveled along the eastern side of Buzzard Island before entering Crystal River and exiting the model domain. The flushing characteristics of Kings Bay for the three hydrodynamic conditions were determined by simulating the injection of conservative dye constituents. The average concentration of dye initially injected in Kings Bay decreased asymptotically because of spring discharge, and the tide caused some oscillation in the average dye concentration. Ninety-five percent of the injected dye exited Kings Bay and Crystal River within 94 hours for low inflow, 71 hours for typical inflow, and 94 hours for low inflow with reduced bottom friction. Simulation results indicate that all of the open waters of Kings Bay are flushed by the spring discharge. Reduced bottom friction has little effect on flushing.
Hamburger Beiträge zur Angewandten Mathematik Moreau-Yosida regularization in state constrained elliptic control problems : error estimates and parameter adjustment

An adjustment scheme for the regularization parameter of a Moreau-Yosida-based regularization, or relaxation, approach to the numerical solution of pointwise state constrained elliptic optimal control problems is introduced. The method utilizes error estimates of an associated finite element discretization of the regularized problems for the optimal selection of the regularization parameter in dependence on the mesh size of discretization and error estimates for the approximation error due to regularization. The theoretical results are verified numerically. Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): 49M15, 49M37, 65K05, 65N12, 65N30, 90C33
Frontiers in Public Health Services and Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research Systems Research

Abstract Over the past few decades, cross-sector partnerships that include the private sector have become an increasingly accepted practice in public health, particularly in efforts to address infectious disease in low and middle income countries. Now they are becoming a popular tool in efforts to reduce and prevent obesity and the epidemic of non-communicable disease. Partnering with business presents a means of acquiring resources, as well as opportunities to influence the private sector toward more healthful practices. Collaboration is a core principle of public health practice; however public-private or non-profit-private partnerships present risks and challenges that warrant specific consideration. In this article we review the role of public health partnerships with the private sector, with a focus on efforts to address obesity and non-communicable disease in high-income settings. Challenges, risks and critical success factors relevant to partnering are identified, as are areas for improving public health practice to inform decision-making around partnership development.
Toxicity Testing : search for an in-vitro alternative

Prior to introduction to the clinical setting, new pharmaceuticals must undergo rigorous toxicity testing during development to ensure their safety. Various toxicity tests are conducted depending on the length of potential drug usage in humans. Acute oral toxicity tests involve the administration of a single large dose to two different mammalian species and the short terms effects in organs and tissues observed over several weeks to determine specific toxic effects and the mode of toxicity. Subchronic and chronic toxicity tests are performed for pharmaceuticals intended to be used in humans for periods of less than, or greater than, 3 months respectively. Therefore, daily administration of the agent in two mammalian species enables longer term toxicity and pathology to be evaluated, including for example the occurrence of neurological and haematological abnormalities. In addition, if an agent is intended for use over periods of greater than 6 months carcinogenicity studies and mutagenicity studies may be necessary, as well as teratogenicity evaluation if appropriate (OECD Summary Guideline Report, 1979).
A statistical approach for identifying important climatic influences on sugarcane yields

Interannual climate variability impacts sugarcane yields. Local climate data such as daily rainfall, temperature and radiation were used to describe yields collected from three locations–Victoria sugar mill (1951–1999), Bundaberg averaged across all mills (1951–2010) and Condong sugar mill (1965–2013). Three regression methods, which have their own inbuilt variable selection process were investigated. These methods were (i) stepwise regression, (ii) regression trees and (iii) random forests. Although there was evidence of overlap, the variables that were considered most important for explaining yields by the stepwise regressions were not always consistent with the variables considered most important by the regression trees. The stepwise regression models for Bundaberg and Condong delivered a model that was difficult to explain biophysically, whereas the regression trees offered a much more intuitive and simpler model that explained similar levels of variation in yields to the stepwise regression method. The random forest approach, which extends on the regression tree algorithm generated a variable importance list which overcomes model sensitivities caused by sampling variability, thereby making it easier to identify important variables that explain yield. The variable importance list for Victoria indicated that maximum temperature (February–April), radiation (January–March) and rainfall (July–October) were important predictors for explaining yields. For Bundaberg, emphasis clearly centred on rainfall, particularly for the period January to April. Interestingly, the random forest model did not rate rainfall highly as a predictor for Condong. Here the model favoured radiation (February to April), minimum temperature (March–April) and maximum temperature (January to April). Improved understanding of influential climate variables will help improve regional yield forecasts and decisions that rely on accurate and timely yield forecasts.
INTERACTS with MULTIPLE ADENYLYL CYCLASE ( AC ) ISOFORMS and SCAFFOLDS AC 5 and 6 to AMPA RECEPTORS

AKAP79 INTERACTS with MULTIPLE ADENYLYL CYCLASE (AC) ISOFORMS and SCAFFOLDS AC 5 and 6 to AMPA RECEPTORS Riad Efendiev, Bret K. Samelson, Bao T. Nguyen, Prasad V. Phatarpekar, Faiza Baameur, John D. Scott, and Carmen W. Dessauer* From the Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, Texas 77030 and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Box 357750 University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195 Running title: AKAP79 Binds and Regulates Multiple AC Isoforms Address correspondence to: Carmen W. Dessauer, Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, Texas 77030; Tel: (713) 500-6308; Fax: (713) 500-7444; E-mail: Carmen.W. Dessauer@uth.tmc. edu
Effect of roasting conditions on cocoa bioactivity and gut microbiota modulation

Cocoa is a highly consumed food with beneficial effects for human health. Cocoa roasting has an important influence on its sensory and nutritional characteristics; therefore, roasting could play also a role on cocoa bioactivity. Thus, the aim of this paper was to unravel the effect of cocoa roasting conditions over its antioxidant capacity and modifications of gut microbiota after in vitro digestion-fermentation. HMF and furfural, chemical markers of non-enzymatic browning, were analyzed in cocoa powder unroasted and roasted at different temperatures, as well as different chocolates. The antioxidant capacity decreased with roasting, most probably due to a loss of phenolic compounds during heating. In the case of the evaluated chocolates, the antioxidant capacity was 2-3 times higher in the fermented fraction. On the other hand, HMF and furfural increased during roasting due to increasing temperatures. Moreover, unroasted and roasted cocoa powder had different effects on gut microbial communities. Roasted cocoa favored butyrate production whereas unroasted cocoa favored acetate and propionate production in a significant manner. In addition, unroasted and roasted cocoa produced significantly different gut microbial communities in terms of composition. Although many bacteria were affected, Veillonella and Faecalibacterium were some of the most discriminant ones; whereas the former is a propionate producer, the latter is a butyrate producer that has also been linked to positive effects on the inflammatory health of the gut and the immune system. Therefore, unroasted and roasted cocoa (regardless of the
Efficacy of Neonicotinoid Seed Treatments Against Sugarcane Aphid in Grain Sorghum, 2014

An insecticide efficacy trial of neonicotinoid seed treatments against sugarcane aphids in grain sorghum was conducted at the Macon Ridge Research Station (MRRS) in Franklin Parish near Winnsboro, LA, in 2014. Grain sorghum was planted on 2 Jul and emerged on 6 Jul in a Gigger fine silty loam soil with minimum tillage. The test was an RCB design with four replications. Individual plots were four rows (centered on 40 inches) …
INFLUENCE OF BIGLEAF MAPLE (ACER MACROPHYLLUM PURSH) ON SOIL PROPERTIES IN A CONIFER FOREST OF SOUTHWEST BRITISH COLUMBIA

The overall objective of this research was to detect the influence of bigleaf maple (Acer macrophyllum Pursh) on soils in a conifer forest of southwest British Columbia. Forest floor properties were measured beneath bigleaf maple along six transects and on two 36 m x 36 m plots. Wavelet analysis, kriging, spatial autocorrelation analysis, local indicators of spatial association, and parametric statistics were used to explore and confirm bigleaf maple patterns of influence on surrounding soils. Results indicated that forest floor in close proximity (approximately 2.5 m) to bigleaf maple stems had increased pH, exchangeable cations, and mineralizable N as compared to soils further away from bigleaf maple stems. A buried bag technique and a bioassay with Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] seedlings were used to assess the influence of bigleaf maple on nutrient availability and conifer growth. Bigleaf maple plots had significantly higher net nitrification than Douglas-fir plots.
ANALISIS FUNGSI TRANSFER PADA HARGA EMASNASIONAL DITINJAU DARI HARGA EMAS DUNIA,KURS DOLAR AS TERHADAP RUPIAH, DAN KURSDOLAR AS TERHADAP EURO

Emas merupakan salah satu logam mulia yang dapat dijadikan sebagai komoditas dalam berinvestasi, baik dalam bentuk batangan, koin, maupun perhiasan Penelitian ini mengungkap pola hubungan harga emas nasional (Jakarta) bulanan dengan harga emas dunia, nilai tukar Dolar AS terhadap Rupiah, dan kurs Dolar AS terhadap Euro. Keempat variabel dimodelkan menggunakan analisis fungsi transfer, dengan harga emas nasional (Jakarta) sebagai variabel output dan variabel lainnya sebagai variabel input. Harga emas bulanan dapat digambarkan selalu terkait dengan perubahan bulanan nilai tukar mata uang dominan di dunia, yakni Dolar AS dan Euro. Hasilnya, hanya harga emas dunia dan kurs Rupiah yang mempengaruhi harga emas nasional (Jakarta). Berdasarkan model fungsi transfer yang didapatkan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa harga emas nasional (Jakarta) dipengaruhi oleh harga emas nasional sendiri pada t-1, serta harga emas dunia dan kurs dolar AS terhadap Rupiah pada waktu ke-t dan t-1. Dari model tersebut diperoleh nilai ramalan harga emas nasional (Jakarta) untuk 12 bulan mendatang.
Effects of Cadmium, Mercury, and Silver on Marine Animals

serious than rapid death caused by high levels. Possibly it is even more serious, as low-level effects are less likely to be de­ tected and traced to their source before ir­ reparable damage has occurred. Numerous studies have been published on the toxicity of heavy metals to aquatic animals, particularly finfish, but these have dealt primarily with freshwater rather than marine species. The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), through the Middle Atlantic Coastal Fisheries Center (MACFC), Milford, Conn. , has con­ sequently undertaken research programs de­ signed to generate the basic knowledge re­ quired for effective management of the marine environment and its living re­ sources. The New York Bight, which is receiving international attention because of the large amount of wasIe material it re
The Probability-Adjusted Cox-Ross-Rubinstein Binomial Tree Model

In the existing literature on barrier options, much effort has been exerted to ensure convergence through placing the barrier in close proximity to, or directly onto, the nodes of the tree lattice. In this paper we show that this may not be necessary to achieve accurate option price approximations. Using the Cox/Ross/Rubinstein binomial tree model and a suitable transition probability adjustment we demonstrate that our “probability-adjusted” model exhibits increased convergence to the analytical option price. We study the convergence properties of various types of options including (but not limited to) double knock-out, exponential barrier, double (constant) linear barriers and linear time-varying barriers. For options whose strike price is close to the barrier we are able to obtain numerical results where other models fail and, although convergence tends to be slow, we are able to calculate reasonable approximations to the analytical option price without having to reposition the lattice nodes.
Learning quantum states and unitaries of bounded gate complexity

While quantum state tomography is notoriously hard, most states hold little interest to practically-minded tomographers. Given that states and unitaries appearing in Nature are of bounded gate complexity, it is natural to ask if efficient learning becomes possible. In this work, we prove that to learn a state generated by a quantum circuit with $G$ two-qubit gates to a small trace distance, a sample complexity scaling linearly in $G$ is necessary and sufficient. We also prove that the optimal query complexity to learn a unitary generated by $G$ gates to a small average-case error scales linearly in $G$. While sample-efficient learning can be achieved, we show that under reasonable cryptographic conjectures, the computational complexity for learning states and unitaries of gate complexity $G$ must scale exponentially in $G$. We illustrate how these results establish fundamental limitations on the expressivity of quantum machine learning models and provide new perspectives on no-free-lunch theorems in unitary learning. Together, our results answer how the complexity of learning quantum states and unitaries relate to the complexity of creating these states and unitaries.
AI Alignment: A Comprehensive Survey

AI alignment aims to make AI systems behave in line with human intentions and values. As AI systems grow more capable, so do risks from misalignment. To provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the alignment field, in this survey, we delve into the core concepts, methodology, and practice of alignment. First, we identify four principles as the key objectives of AI alignment: Robustness, Interpretability, Controllability, and Ethicality (RICE). Guided by these four principles, we outline the landscape of current alignment research and decompose them into two key components: forward alignment and backward alignment. The former aims to make AI systems aligned via alignment training, while the latter aims to gain evidence about the systems' alignment and govern them appropriately to avoid exacerbating misalignment risks. On forward alignment, we discuss techniques for learning from feedback and learning under distribution shift. On backward alignment, we discuss assurance techniques and governance practices. We also release and continually update the website (www.alignmentsurvey.com) which features tutorials, collections of papers, blog posts, and other resources.
Evaluation of the effect of a long-term trap-neuter-return and adoption program on a free-roaming cat population.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of a long-term trap-neuter-return program, with adoption whenever possible, on the dynamics of a free-roaming cat population. DESIGN Observational epidemiologic study. ANIMALS 155 unowned free-roaming cats. PROCEDURES Free-roaming cats residing on a university campus were trapped, neutered, and returned to the environment or adopted over an 11-year period. RESULTS During the observation period (January 1991 to April 2002), 75% of the cats were feral, and 25% were socialized. Kittens comprised 56% of the original population. Male cats were slightly more numerous (55%) than females. At the conclusion of the observation period, 47% of the cats had been removed for adoption, 15% remained on site, 15% had disappeared, 11% were euthanatized, 6% had died, and 6% had moved to the surrounding wooded environment. Trapping began in 1991; however, a complete census of cats was not completed until 1996, at which time 68 cats resided on site. At completion of the study in 2002, the population had decreased by 66%, from 68 to 23 cats (of which 22 were feral). No kittens were observed on site after 1995, but additional stray or abandoned cats continued to become resident. New arrivals were neutered or adopted before they could reproduce. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE A comprehensive long-term program of neutering followed by adoption or return to the resident colony can result in reduction of free-roaming cat populations in urban areas.
Predictive Control for Autonomous Driving with Uncertain, Multi-modal Predictions

We propose a Stochastic MPC (SMPC) formulation for path planning with autonomous vehicles in scenarios involving multiple agents with multi-modal predictions. The multi-modal predictions capture the uncertainty of urban driving in distinct modes/maneuvers (e.g., yield, keep speed) and driving trajectories (e.g., speed, turning radius), which are incorporated for multi-modal collision avoidance chance constraints for path planning. In the presence of multi-modal uncertainties, it is challenging to reliably compute feasible path planning solutions at real-time frequencies ($\geq$ 10 Hz). Our main technological contribution is a convex SMPC formulation that simultaneously (1) optimizes over parameterized feedback policies and (2) allocates risk levels for each mode of the prediction. The use of feedback policies and risk allocation enhances the feasibility and performance of the SMPC formulation against multi-modal predictions with large uncertainty. We evaluate our approach via simulations and road experiments with a full-scale vehicle interacting in closed-loop with virtual vehicles. We consider distinct, multi-modal driving scenarios: 1) Negotiating a traffic light and a fast, tailgating agent, 2) Executing an unprotected left turn at a traffic intersection, and 3) Changing lanes in the presence of multiple agents. For all of these scenarios, our approach reliably computes multi-modal solutions to the path-planning problem at real-time frequencies.
Aerodynamic drag reduction of a tilt rotor aircraft using zero-net-mass-flux devices

The study described in this paper was conducted as part of the European Funded CleanSky2 project AFC4TR (Active Flow Control for Tilt-Rotor aircraft). High Fidelity numerical simulations were made to study various approaches of using Active Flow Control (AFC) actuators to delay flow separation at near stall conditions of the Next Generation Civil Tilt Rotor (NGCTR) VTOL aircraft with a tilted nacelle used during take-off and landing. The study revealed that for this configuration the flow separations travel in the spanwise direction starting from the middle of the wing. Various flow control strategies using Zero Net Mass Flux (ZNMF) actuators (synthetic jets) were then tested. Different number of actuators were integrated on the wing at different positions in order to optimize the effectiveness of these devices. It was found that when placed correctly, using the optimal blowing velocity and actuation frequency, ZNMF devices help to delay flow separation, resulting in a reduction of pressure drag and an increase in the aircraft's aerodynamic efficiency.
Stratygrafia i paleogeografia jednostki dukielskiej w Bieszczadach

STRATIGRAPHY AND PALAEOGEOGRAPHY OF THE DUKLA UNIT IN THE BIESZCZADY MOUNTAINS (THE FLYSCH-CARPATIANS) The stratigraphy of the region previously investigated by Z. Opolski, (1927, 1930) was established on the basis of the succession of its beds, of its microfauna determined by J. Blaicher (see Polish text), and of formerly published fauna from the Dukla unit. A number of members were distinguished here (Fig. 1, 5).
Numerical realization of the Mortensen observer via a Hessian-augmented polynomial approximation of the value function

Two related numerical schemes for the realization of the Mortensen observer or minimum energy estimator for the state reconstruction of non-linear dynamical systems subject to deterministic disturbances are proposed and compared. Both approaches rely on a polynomial approximation of the value function associated with the energy of the disturbances of the system. Such an approximation is obtained via interpolation considering not only the values but also first and second order derivatives of the value function in a set of sampling points. The scheme is applied to four examples and the results are compared with the well known extended Kalman filter.
Internal wave attractors without sloping boundaries

Internal gravity waves travel at an angle to gravity that is controlled by the strength of the stratification as well as the frequency of the forcing. While both wavelength and frequency are preserved upon reflection from a horizontal or vertical surface, the requirement for the frequency of the incident and reflected waves to be the same means that upon reflection from a sloping boundary, an increase or decrease in wavelength occurs. In previous work in non-rectangular geometries, wave energy has been observed to be focused on to internal wave attractors. This paper compares the wave attractors observed in a two-dimensional trapezoidal tank with those observed when the sloping wall is replaced with a staircase configuration comprising only horizontal and vertical surfaces. The macroscopic shapes of the domains are seen to be similar but the steps, with a length scale comparable to the wave length of the waves, have no sloping boundaries and therefore there is no mechanism for wave focussing. This is explored experimentally and by ray-tracing.