Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sexual Hookup Culture: A Review

“Hookups,” or uncommitted sexual encounters, are becoming progressively more engrained in popular culture, reflecting both evolved sexual predilections and changing social and sexual scripts. Hook-up activities may include a wide range of sexual behaviors, such as kissing, oral sex, and penetrative intercourse. However, these encounters often transpire without any promise of, or desire for, a more traditional romantic relationship. A review of the literature suggests that these encounters are becoming increasingly normative among adolescents and young adults in North America, representing a marked shift in openness and acceptance of uncommitted sex. We reviewed the current literature on sexual hookups and considered the multiple forces influencing hookup culture, using examples from popular culture to place hooking up in context. We argue that contemporary hookup culture is best understood as the convergence of evolutionary and social forces during the developmental period of emerging adulthood. We suggest that researchers must consider both evolutionary mechanisms and social processes, and be considerate of the contemporary popular cultural climate in which hookups occur, in order to provide a comprehensive and synergistic biopsychosocial view of “casual sex” among emerging adults today.
Prognostic laboratory markers of joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis

Objective: To investigate whether determination of a set of laboratory markers at baseline provides prognostic information on joint damage in hands and feet in rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: 183 patients with early rheumatoid arthritis included in a prospective study were examined. Radiographic changes in hands and feet at 5 and 10 years after inclusion were evaluated (Larsen). The markers analysed were: erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR); HLA-DRB alleles typed by restriction fragment length polymorphism; and C reactive protein, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), rheumatoid factor (RF) (IgG, IgA, and IgM subtypes), antibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP), and antibodies against interleukin 1α (anti-IL1α), analysed by immunoassays. Multiple linear regression with backward elimination was used to determine the prognostic value of the variables. Results: 117/176 patients were positive for IgG RF, 138/176 for IgA RF, 139/176 for IgM RF, 140/176 for anti-CCP, and 40/182 for anti-IL1α. After five years, ESR, the presence of IgA RF, serum COMP, and the presence of anti-CCP were significantly associated with more severe joint damage, and the presence of anti-IL1α with less severe joint damage. Baseline C reactive protein and anti-CCP predicted radiographic outcome after 10 years. A stronger prediction was obtained by combining the prognostic factors. Conclusions: Early determination of anti-CCP, IgA RF, anti-IL-1α, ESR, C reactive protein, and COMP predicted the development of joint damage in hands and feet in this cohort. A combination of these measures reflecting different aspects of the disease process should be useful for evaluating prognosis in individual patients with early rheumatoid arthritis.
Aerobic and anaerobic training sessions promote antioxidant changes in young male soccer players

OBJETIVO: Investigar o efeito no estresse oxidativo promovido por sessao de treinamento aerobico comparativamente a sessao anaerobica em jogadores de futebol juvenis. METODOS: Amostras de sangue de 18 jogadores de futebol juvenis (idade entre 18-21 anos) foram utilizadas. Estas amostras foram obtidas imediatamente antes e apos um conjunto de sessao de treinamentoaerobico comparativamente ao de sessao anaerobica e biomarcadores de dano celular como conteudos de Substâncias Reativas a Acido Tiobarbiturico (TBARS) no plasma, os conteudos de defesas antioxidantes naoenzimaticas como a Glutationa Reduzida, Glutationa Oxidada, e Glutationa Total, bem como as atividades de enzimas antioxidantes como Superoxido Dismutase, Catalase, Glutationa Redutase, Glutationa Peroxidase e Glutationa S-Transferase foram avaliadas. RESULTADOS: Os conteudos de TBARS e Glutationa Oxidada nao apresentaram diferencas significativas na comparacao entre ambas as sessoes. Entretanto, apos a sessao de treinamento aerobico, as atividades da Superoxido Dismutase e Glutationa Redutase, bem como os conteudos de Glutationa Reduzida e Glutationa Total mostraram diminuicoes significativas, enquanto que as atividades da Glutationa S-Transferase e Glutationa Peroxidase foram aumentadas e as da Catalase nao mostraram diferencas. Por outro lado, apos a sessao de treinamento anaerobico, a atividade da Catalase reduziu-se, a da Glutationa Peroxidase foi significativamente aumentada, enquanto que as da Superoxido Dismutase e Glutationa Reductase, assim como os conteudos de Glutationa Reduzida, Glutationa Oxidada e Glutationa Total nao se alteraram significativamente. CONCLUSAO: Os resultados evidenciam um estresse oxidativo sistemico mais acentuado apos a sessao de treinamento aerobico comparativamente a sessao anaerobica em jogadores de futebol juvenis.
Prevention of acute myocardial infarction and stroke among elderly persons by dual pneumococcal and influenza vaccination: a prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND Despite World Health Organization recommendations, the rate of 23-valent pneumococcal (PPV) and influenza (TIV) vaccination among elderly persons in Hong Kong, China, is exceptionally low because of doubts about effectiveness of vaccination. The efficacy of dual vaccination remains unknown. METHODS From 3 December 2007 to 30 June 2008, we conducted a prospective cohort study by recruiting outpatients aged ≥65 years with chronic illness to participate in a PPV and TIV vaccination program. All were observed until 31 March 2009. The outcome of subjects, including the rates of death, hospitalization, pneumonia, ischemic stroke, acute myocardial infarction, and coronary and intensive care admissions, were determined. RESULTS Of the 36,636 subjects recruited, 7292 received both PPV and TIV, 2076 received TIV vaccine alone, 1875 received PPV alone, and 25,393 were unvaccinated, with a duration of follow-up of 45,834 person-years. Baseline characteristics were well matched between the groups, except that there were fewer male patients in the PPV and TIV group and fewer cases of comorbid chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among unvaccinated persons. At week 64 from commencement of the study, dual-vaccinees experienced fewer deaths (hazard ratio [HR], 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.55-0.77]; P<.001) and fewer cases of pneumonia (HR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.51-0.64; P<.001), ischemic stroke (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.54-0.83; P<.001), and acute myocardial infarction (HR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.38-0.71; P<.001), compared with unvaccinated subjects. Dual vaccination resulted in fewer coronary (HR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.44-0.79; P<.001) and intensive care admissions (HR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.22-0.94; P=.03), compared with among unvaccinated subjects. CONCLUSIONS Dual vaccination with PPV and TIV is effective in protecting elderly persons with chronic illness from developing complications from respiratory, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular diseases, thereby reducing hospitalization, coronary or intensive care admissions, and death.
Long-term Effects of Antihypertensive Drug Use and New-onset Osteoporotic Fracture in Elderly Patients: A Population-based Longitudinal Cohort Study

Background:Antihypertensive drugs have been linked to new-onset osteoporotic fracture (NOF), and different classes of antihypertensive drugs may alter the risk for the development of NOF; however, the classic effect of different antihypertensive drugs on the development of NOF in the elderly has not been well studied during long-term follow-up. Methods:In this study, we investigated the association between different classic antihypertensives and the development of NOF in the elderly. This was a longitudinal cohort study performed using data from claim forms submitted to the Taiwan Bureau of National Health Insurance in Central Taiwan, China including case patients with NOF aged 65–80 years from January 2002 to December 2012 and non-NOF controls. Prescriptions for antihypertensives before the index date were retrieved from a prescription database. We estimated the hazard ratios (HRs) of NOF associated with antihypertensive use. Non-NOF controls served as the reference group. Results:A total of 128 patients with NOF were identified from among 1144 patients with hypertension during the study period. The risk of NOF after adjusting age, sex, comorbidities, and concurrent medications was higher among the users of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (HR, 1.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–2.66) than among nonusers. Patients who took calcium channel blockers (CCBs) (HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.49–0.99) were at a lower risk of developing NOF than nonusers. Loop diuretics, thiazide diuretics, angiotensin receptor blocker, beta-blocker, and alpha-blocker were not associated with the risk of NOF. Conclusions:Elderly with hypertension who take CCBs are at a lower risk of NOF and that the use of ACE inhibitors was associated with a significantly increased risk of developing NOF during the 11-year follow-up.
Antibodies to citrullinated human fibrinogen (ACF) have diagnostic and prognostic value in early arthritis

Background: The anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) test has a high sensitivity and specificity for rheumatoid arthritis, although CCP is not the physiological target of the autoantibodies. Citrullinated fibrin is abundant in inflamed synovium Objective: To assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of antibodies against citrullinated fibrinogen (ACF), a soluble precursor of fibrin, in comparison with IgM-rheumatoid factor (IgM-RF) and the second generation anti-CCP test. Methods: In 379 patients with early arthritis (258 rheumatoid and 121 undifferentiated), the sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of ACF, anti-CCP, and IgM-RF for diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis were calculated. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the diagnostic and prognostic value (radiographic progression after two years) of the tests. Results: The sensitivities of the ACF, anti-CCP, and IgM-RF tests were 55.8%, 57.8%, and 44.6%, with specificities of 92.6%, 94.2%, and 96.7%, respectively. Approximately 30% of the IgM-RF negative patients were positive for ACF or anti-CCP or both. The ACF and anti-CCP test had a high agreement in early arthritis (κ = 0.84). Of all baseline characteristics, the ACF test and the anti-CCP test were the best predictors for diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis at one year (odds ratio (OR) = 10.3 and 10.6, respectively) and for radiographic progression after two years (OR = 12.1 and 14.8). Conclusions: ACF is as sensitive as anti-CCP and more sensitive than IgM-RF in diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis in early arthritis. The ACF test is also a good predictor of radiographic progression, with a performance similar to the anti-CCP test. The ACF test and the anti-CCP test are especially valuable in IgM-RF negative arthritis.
An Evolutionarily Conserved Sexual Signature in the Primate Brain

The question of a potential biological sexual signature in the human brain is a heavily disputed subject. In order to provide further insight into this issue, we used an evolutionary approach to identify genes with sex differences in brain expression level among primates. We reasoned that expression patterns important to uphold key male and female characteristics may be conserved during evolution. We selected cortex for our studies because this specific brain region is responsible for many higher behavioral functions. We compared gene expression profiles in the occipital cortex of male and female humans (Homo sapiens, a great ape) and cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis, an old world monkey), two catarrhine species that show abundant morphological sexual dimorphism, as well as in common marmosets (Callithrix Jacchus, a new world monkey) which are relatively sexually monomorphic. We identified hundreds of genes with sex-biased expression patterns in humans and macaques, while fewer than ten were differentially expressed between the sexes in marmosets. In primates, a general rule is that many of the morphological and behavioral sexual dimorphisms seen in polygamous species, such as macaques, are typically less pronounced in monogamous species such as the marmosets. Our observations suggest that this correlation may also be reflected in the extent of sex-biased gene expression in the brain. We identified 85 genes with common sex-biased expression, in both human and macaque and 2 genes, X inactivation-specific transcript (XIST) and Heat shock factor binding protein 1 (HSBP1), that were consistently sex-biased in the female direction in human, macaque, and marmoset. These observations imply a conserved signature of sexual gene expression dimorphism in cortex of primates. Further, we found that the coding region of female-biased genes is more evolutionarily constrained compared to the coding region of both male-biased and non sex-biased brain expressed genes. We found genes with conserved sexual gene expression dimorphism in the occipital cortex of humans, cynomolgus macaques, and common marmosets. Genes within sexual expression profiles may underlie important functional differences between the sexes, with possible importance during primate evolution.
Nonlinear Multiscale Entropy and Recurrence Quantification Analysis of Foreign Exchange Markets Efficiency

The regularity of price fluctuations in exchange rates plays a crucial role in foreign exchange (FX) market dynamics. In this paper, we quantify the multiply irregular fluctuation behaviors of exchange rates in the last 10 years (November 2006–November 2016) of eight world economies with two nonlinear approaches. One is a recently proposed multiscale weighted permutation entropy (MWPE) and another is the typical quantification recurrence analysis (RQA) technique. Furthermore, we utilize the RQA technique to study the different intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) that represents different frequencies and scales of the raw time series via the empirical mode decomposition algorithm. Complexity characteristics of abundance and distinction are obtained in the foreign exchange markets. The empirical results show that JPY/USD (followed by EUR/USD) implies a a higher complexity and indicates relatively higher efficiency of the Japanese FX market, while some economies like South Korea, Hong Kong and China show lower and weaker efficiency of their FX markets. Meanwhile, it is suggested that the financial crisis enhances the market efficiency in the FX markets.
Policy Lessons of the East Asian Demographic Transition

The usual lessons drawn from East Asia's striking experience of health and fertility transition concern the efficacy of well-designed government programs catering to an existing or ideationally stimulated demand. An alternative interpretation sees the demographic change-and the uptake of services-as a byproduct of social and economic development together with, in some cases, strong government pressures. This article probes more deeply into this experience, seeking to identify common features of development design and administration that underlay it. The broad sequence entailed, initially, establishment of an effective, typically authoritarian, system of local administration, providing (sometimes incidentally) a framework for promotion and service delivery in health, education, and family planning. Subsequent economic liberalization offered new opportunities for upward mobility-and greater risks of backsliding-but along with erosion of social capital and the breakdown or privatization of service programs. The study is mainly focused on seven countries: Taiwan and South Korea ("tiger" economies), Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia ("second wave" countries), and China and Vietnam ("market-Leninist" economies). The period is roughly from the 1960s to the 1990s. Copyright 2006 The Population Council, Inc.
Universals of Human Nature

principles of our intellectual and moral nature remain a considerable mystery, but we can hardly doubt their existence, or their central role in our intellectual and moral lives. I am aware that this is conventionally denied, but not credibly, in my opinion. The topics are far too broad to address within the confi nes of this paper, so I would like to keep to two core aspects: human language, which is regarded by many paleoanthropologists as the factor that stimulated ‘the great leap forward’; and our conception of fundamental human rights. In both domains we should, I think, be seeking universals, that is, elements of our common human endowment that provide humans with specifi c cognitive capacities and with the foundations for moral judgment. There is a long and interesting history of thought about possible links between these domains, but they remain speculative and poorly understood. The only way to proceed, as far as I can see, is to say a few words about universality in language and in human rights, with barely a hint about the possible connections, a problem still very much on the horizon of inquiry.
Tropical Cyclone– and Monsoon-Induced Rainfall Variability in Taiwan

Abstract This study investigates the interannual variability of tropical cyclone (TC)- and monsoon-induced rainfall (P) in Taiwan during July–September for the period 1950–2002. To examine the relative effects of TCs and monsoons, local rainfall in Taiwan is separated into two subcomponents: TC rainfall (PTC) and seasonal monsoon rainfall (PSM). The former is induced by TC passage across Taiwan, while the later is caused by large-scale monsoon circulation. Climatologically, PTC and PSM accounts for 47.5% and 52.5% of total rainfall in Taiwan, respectively, showing a comparable contribution. On an interannual time scale, PTC and PSM anomalies tend to vary inversely. Two dominant rainfall variability types are found in Taiwan: enhanced PTC but suppressed PSM (T+S−) and suppressed PTC but enhanced PSM (T−S+). The T+S− type features a low-level anomalous cyclone and enhanced upward motion southeast of Taiwan. This favorable environmental condition leads to more TC formation in the region. TCs are further stee.
TRADITIONAL IDEOLOGY AS AN INHIBITOR OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR

Abstract The political and religious correlates of sexual behavior in a sample of 344 German university students are presented and discussed within a framework of traditional ideology stifling sexual choice and expression. More-intense religious belief was found to be associated with fewer or no sex partners, with diminished likelihood of oral sex experience, with less frequent masturbation (in women), and with less ability to imagine having homosexual relations (among women who had no history of homosexual activity). Left-wing political views were associated with oral sex experience (in men), more sexual partners (in women), the conceivability of having homosexual relations (among both men and women with no history of homosexual activity), having had homosexual experiences (in women), higher frequency of masturbation, and younger age at first intercourse (for women). Intensity of political interest, regardless of direction, was associated with greater reliability of women's orgasm during sex with a partn.
Self-Assessed Health Expectancy Among Older Asians : A Comparison of Sullivan and Multistate Life Table Methods

The Population Studies Center (PSC) at the University of Michigan is one of the oldest population centers in the United States. Established in 1961 with a grant from the Ford Foundation, the Center has a rich history as the main workplace for an interdisciplinary community of scholars in the field of population studies. PSC disseminates Research Reports in several series. All are prepublication working papers that report on current demographic research conducted by PSC-affiliated researchers. Written for timely dissemination, these reports are often later submitted to scholarly journals. Comparative Study of the Elderly in Asia This series of research reports deals with the status of the elderly in several Asian countries. This particular report presents research that was conducted under a parallel R01 grant from the National Institute on Aging, A Comparative Study of Aging and Health in Asia (AG20063-01 and AG20072-01). This is a multi-country collaborative study whose overall goal is to describe and analyze health transitions and health care utilization patterns in four Asian countries undergoing rapid population aging and social and economic change. The project uses existing longitudinal survey data from five Asian settings: Copyright Copyrights for all PSC Reports are held by the authors. Readers may quote from or distribute this work as long as they properly acknowledge the authors and the Series and do not alter the original work. Abstract: Self-assessed health has been found to be a strong predictor of changes in health and of mortality and has been included in many surveys of health and aging around the world. In this paper, we estimate expectancies in self-assessed health and compare these among older adults across four Asian settings (the Philippines, Taiwan, Singapore and Indonesia), making use of data from several national panel surveys conducted in the mid to late 1990s. All of these societies are undergoing rapid population aging and social and economic change, and there is much concern among policymakers about of the potential implications for future disease burden and associated informal and formal care demands. Yet, very little health expectancy research has been conducted in these settings. This paper is the first of a series of planned health expectancy analyses based on these panel surveys that will focus on alternative indicators of physical and mental disability. In the current analysis, self-assessed health is dichotomized into categories reflecting negative health ratings (e.g., poor/not good at all) versus positive or neutral health ratings …
Relationships between Latino parental, adolescent and cultural variables on adolescents' attitudes, norms, self-efficacy, and sexual intentions

The quantity and quality of parent-adolescent sexual communication has been suggested as the best predictor on adolescent sexual behavior. The purpose of this study was to test a theoretical model based on the Parent-Based Expansion of the Theory of Planned Behavior (PETPB) examining relationships between selected parental, adolescent and cultural variables and Latino adolescents’ intentions to engage in sexual behavior. This study used a cross-sectional correlational design based on a secondary data analysis of 130 Latino parent and adolescent dyads. Regression and path analysis procedures were used to test seven research hypotheses and the results demonstrated partial support for the PETPB theory. For example, parent familism and parent knowledge about pregnancy and sexually transmitted disease were significantly associated with parents’ attitudes toward sexual communication with their adolescents. Adolescent knowledge about pregnancy and sexually transmitted disease was significantly associated with higher levels of adolescents’ attitudes and subjective norms about sexual communication with parents. Only the predictor of adolescents’ attitudes toward having sex in the next 3 months was significantly associated with adolescents’ intentions to have sex in the next 3 months. Findings suggested that girls who reported