Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of the accretionary prism along Peru and material flux after subduction of Nazca Ridge

Results from Ocean Drilling Program Leg 112 indicated tectonic erosion of the Peruvian convergent margin during subduction of the Nazca Ridge followed by renewed accretion against the erosional scar. Seismic images and swath mapping morphology show a regional geology shaped as subduction of Nazca Ridge migrated 800 km along the Peru Trench. The accretionary prism is imaged at two stages of development since upper Miocene time with depth-migrated seismic records in which the “back stop” is well defined. From these data, material flux can be quantified. After the ridge crest subducted and accretion dominated over erosion, the prism grew rapidly to 10- to 15-km width. During rapid growth, the margin taper was large and about 60 percent of the sediment supply accreted. As the prism growth slowed, only 30 percent accreted despite an increased trench sediment supply. Since the convergence rate changed little, the inverse relation between sediment supply and prism growth rate suggests that other processes allow most of the sediment input to be subducted. The decreased prism growth may be partially controlled by varying the structure of the back stop. The force required to activate faults cutting across the back stop is probably greater than the force allowed by basal friction across the plate boundary. Thus the shear stress transmitted across the plate boundary is insufficient to drive “out-of-sequence” thrust faults that would thicken the back stop or raise it beyond a limited height. A constant back stop height limits accretion, and the subduction window appears to open and accommodate increased trench sediment beneath the back stop rather than inducing a transport of sediment over the top of the back stop. Nazca Ridge subduction affected the convergent margin mass flux for about 8 Ma. Mass balancing indicates an order of magnitude increase in the current sediment volume subducted in the north compared to that near the ridge crest. When growth of the accretionary prism slowed, a greater terrigenous input through the trench was accommodated by sediment subduction. The resulting range of material flux is estimated to increase the sediment interlayer between the plates about 500 m which may affect coupling.
KEY TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRIES IN THE WATERLOO REGION: CANADA'S TECHNOLOGY TRIANGLE (CTT)

Key technology industries, or high-tech industries, as they are frequently called, are often thought to provide a community with a sound economic base for present and future development. For this reason many communities try to attract or nurture such industries. This article presents results from a sample of 33 key technology firms in Canada's Technology Triangle (CTT), consisting of the cities of Guelph, Cambridge, and Kitchener-Waterloo. It suggests that many are local firms, small, frequently spin-offs of university research endeavours, and research-intensive. The larger ones are less research-intensive and more production oriented. All are surprisingly strongly tied, in terms of input and output linkages, to economic activities within a 100-km radius, which includes the Toronto area. Skilled labour and local residence / education are the strongest location factors. The relatively favourable industrial climate in the CTT region should enable key technology industries to flourish in the area. Il est suppose que les industries de haute technologie fournissent une base solide pour le developpement eco-nomique des municipalites. Pour cette raison de nom-breuses communautes essaient d'attirer ou de faire naitre de telles industries. Cet article presente les resultats d'un sondage aupres de 33 entreprises de haute technologie dans les municipalites de Guelph, Cambridge et Kitchener-Waterloo (Triangle Technologique du Canada - TTC). En general, ce sont des entreprises locales souvent issues (spin-offs) de I'universite de Waterloo, de taille petite et orientees vers la recherche. Par contre, les entreprises plus importantes sont moins orientees vers la recherche et plus vers la production. Toutes ces entreprises sont etroitement imbriquees en termes de liens d'entree et de sortie; leurs activites economiques se situent dans un rayon de 100 km, qui inclut Toronto. Les facteurs de localisation les plus importants sont: ‘la main-d'oeuvre qualifiee' et la proximite des lieux residence /education. Les conditions industrielles relativement favorables du CTT devraient aider les industries de haute technologie a prosperer dans cette region.
Longitudinal associations between insomnia symptoms and all-cause mortality among middle-aged and older adults: A population-based cohort study.

To date, there is no scientific consensus on whether insomnia symptoms increase mortality risk. We investigated longitudinal associations between time-varying insomnia symptoms (difficulty initiating sleep, difficulty maintaining sleep, early-morning awakening, and non-restorative sleep) and all-cause mortality among middle-aged and older adults during 14 years of follow-up. Data were obtained from 2004 through 2018 survey waves of the Health and Retirement Study in the United States for a population-representative sample of 15,511 respondents who were ≥50 years old in 2004. Respondents were interviewed biennially and followed through the end of the 2018 survey wave for the outcome. Marginal structural discrete-time survival analyses were employed to account for time-varying confounding and selection bias. Of the 15,511 cohort respondents (mean [±SD] age at baseline, 63.7 [±10.2] years; 56.0% females), 5,878 (31.9%) died during follow-up. At baseline (2004), 41.6% reported experiencing at least one insomnia symptom. Respondents who experienced one (HR=1.11; 95% CI: 1.03-1.20), two (HR=1.12; 95% CI: 1.01-1.23), three (HR=1.15; 95% CI: 1.05-1.27), or four (HR=1.32; 95% CI: 1.12-1.56) insomnia symptoms had on average a higher hazard of all-cause mortality, compared to those who were symptom-free. For each insomnia symptom, respondents who experienced difficulty initiating sleep (HR=1.12; 95% CI: 1.02-1.22), early-morning awakening (HR=1.09; 95% CI: 1.01-1.18), and nonrestorative sleep (HR=1.17; 95% CI: 1.09-1.26), had a higher hazard of all-cause mortality compared to those not experiencing the symptom. The findings demonstrate significant associations between insomnia symptoms and all-cause mortality, both on a cumulative scale and independently, except for difficulty maintaining sleep. Further research should investigate the underlying mechanisms linking insomnia symptoms and mortality.
Case Studies on Convective Storms / Case Study 5, 12 July 1978: First Echo Case

A small, isolated, short-lived cumulus congestus was studied using primarily a10 cm radar, a cloud penetration with an instrumented sailplane, and time-lapse photography froman aircraft some 40 km distant. The radar data reveal a conventional reflectivity history for the northeast Colorado region. The sailplane penetration shows updraft until the reflectivity maximumwas reached, then downdraft, and that the precipitation formation was through the ice process primarily. The photography indicates that the cloud top attained -200C nearly fifteen minutes before the first 5 dBZ echo, which occurred nearly simultaneously throughout a vertical zone from -10 to -300C.
Hippo Pathway-related Genes Expression Is Deregulated in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms

Maira da Costa Cacemiro (  mairacacemiro@hotmail.com ) Universidade de Sao Paulo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4170-2063 Juçara Gastaldi Cominal FCFRP-USP: Universidade de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas de Ribeirao Preto Luiz Miguel Pereira FCFRP-USP: Universidade de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas de Ribeirao Preto Maria Gabriela Berzoti-Coelho USP FCFRP: Universidade de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas de Ribeirao Preto Giovana Michelassi Berbel FCFRP-USP: Universidade de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas de Ribeirao Preto Luciana Baroni FCFRP-USP: Universidade de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas de Ribeirao Preto Tathiane Malta FCFRP-USP: Universidade de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas de Ribeirao Preto Raquel Tognon UFJF: Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora Natalia de Souza Nunes FCFRP-USP: Universidade de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas de Ribeirao Preto Elizabeth Xisto Souto Euryclides de Jesus Zerbini Transplant Hospital of Sao Paulo State: Hospital de Transplantes do Estado de Sao Paulo Euryclides de Jesus Zerbini Lorena Lobo de Figueiredo-Pontes USP FMRP: Universidade de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto Ana Patricia Yatsuda FCFRP-USP: Universidade de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas de Ribeirao Preto Fabiola Attié de Castro FCFRP-USP: Universidade de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas de Ribeirao Preto
Transplantation in patients with SCID: mismatched related stem cells or unrelated cord blood? European Blood Marrow Transplantation

The MMRDT and UCBT groups did not differ in terms of T-cell engraftment, CD4 (cid:2) and CD3 (cid:2) cell recoveries, while Ig replacement therapy was discontinued sooner after UCBT (adjusted P (cid:1) . 02). There was a trend toward a greater incidence of grades II-IV acute GVHD ( P (cid:1) . 06) and more chronic GVHD ( P (cid:1) . 03) after UCBT. Theestimated5-yearoverallsurvivalrates were 62% (cid:3) 4% after MMRDT and 57% (cid:3) 6% after UCBT. For children with SCID and no HLA-identical sibling donor, both UCBT and MMRDT represent available HSC sources for transplantation with quite similar outcomes. ( Blood . 2012; 119(12):2949-2955)
Estimating the surface water and radiation balance in an upland area from space

The Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) carried aboard ERS-1 and-2 has been used to estimate soil moisture in a naturally vegetated area of upland moor in Lancashire, north-west England. This holds promise for the determination of catchment-scale evapotranspiration rates using direct measurements of changes in soil moisture content. Combining such measurements as these with observations of net radiation from the NOAA AVHRR passive radiometer has led to the development of a method, based upon the techniques of Price (IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 28, 940-948, 1990) combined with some new methodologies, whereby the sensible heat flux can be found by the closure of the energy balance equation. A review of the methodology developed is presented together with the potential for refining the system using further instruments. There are limitations of the procedure due to the restricted temporal coverage of the sensors concerned, and their inability to penetrate the surface to investigate soil-water-vegetation processes within the root zone. It is believed, however, that models can be constructed to account for these deficiencies to enable retrieval of an entire surface energy and water budget. These would have a plethora of applications, both direct and as inputs to atmospheric and hydrological models.
Slab‐derived fluids, fore‐arc hydration, and sub‐arc magmatism beneath Kyushu, Japan

We estimate the three‐dimensional (3‐D) P wave attenuation structure beneath Kyushu, Japan, using a large number of high‐quality waveform data. Our results show that the mantle wedge is characterized by high‐attenuation regions in the fore‐arc corner and in the back‐arc beneath volcanoes, with the two regions separated by a low‐attenuation area. The volcanic gap in central Kyushu is underlain by low attenuation below the Moho. High attenuation in the fore arc is probably associated with serpentinized peridotite, while that in the back arc is interpreted as an upwelling flow that is the source of arc magmas. The presence of low‐attenuation mantle that separates the high‐attenuation hydrated, fore‐arc, and back‐arc mantle regions suggests that fluids are supplied from two depth levels of the slab by different mechanisms. Low attenuation beneath the volcanic gap probably results from intricate 3‐D mantle flow that is caused by tectonic processes such as back‐arc extension and ridge collision.
Comparing the spectral signal of burned surfaces between Landsat 7 ETM+ and Landsat 8 OLI sensors

There is a long history of the use of Landsat data in burned land mapping mainly due to certain characteristics of the Landsat imagery including the spatial, spectral, and temporal data resolution, the low cost (Landsat data are now freely available), and the existence of an almost 35-year historical archive (excluding Landsat 1–3). Landsat 8 (Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS)) was launched on 11 February 2013 and it captures data in three new bands along with two additional thermal bands. However, is the spectral signal of burned surfaces in satellite remote-sensing data of Landsat series consistent and robust enough to allow the successful application of the techniques developed so far for Landsat 8? In this article, we compare the spectral signal of burned surfaces between Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) and Landsat 8 OLI sensors using five case studies that correspond to five large fire events in different biophysical environments in Greece, for which both Landsat 7 ETM+ and Landsat 8 OLI data were available. From the comparative analysis using histogram data plots of burned (post-fire image) and vegetated (pre-fire image) areas, spectral signature plots and separability indices of certain land-cover types, estimated using the same sampling areas over both satellite images, a general consistency was observed between the two sensors. Slight differences between the sensors were attributed to differences in the acquisition dates and were related to the type of vegetation rather than the sensors used to record the satellite images. Neither sensor provided improved discrimination over the other.
Elevated temperature increases genome-wide selection on de novo mutations

Adaptation in new environments depends on the amount of genetic variation available for evolution, and the efficacy by which natural selection discriminates among this variation. However, whether some ecological factors reveal more genetic variation, or impose stronger selection pressures than others, is typically not known. Here, we apply the enzyme kinetic theory to show that rising global temperatures are predicted to intensify natural selection throughout the genome by increasing the effects of DNA sequence variation on protein stability. We test this prediction by (i) estimating temperature-dependent fitness effects of induced mutations in seed beetles adapted to ancestral or elevated temperature, and (ii) calculate 100 paired selection estimates on mutations in benign versus stressful environments from unicellular and multicellular organisms. Environmental stress per se did not increase mean selection on de novo mutation, suggesting that the cost of adaptation does not generally increase in new ecological settings to which the organism is maladapted. However, elevated temperature increased the mean strength of selection on genome-wide polymorphism, signified by increases in both mutation load and mutational variance in fitness. These results have important implications for genetic diversity gradients and the rate and repeatability of evolution under climate change.
Initial source and site characterization studies for the U. C. San Diego campus

The basic approach of the Campus Laboratory Collaboration (CLC) project is to combine the substantial expertise that exists within the University of California (UC) system in geology, seismology, geotechnical engineering, and structural engineering to evaluate the effects of large earthquakes on UC facilities. These estimates draw upon recent advances in hazard assessment, seismic wave propagation modeling in rocks and soils, dynamic soil testing, and structural dynamics. The UC campuses currently chosen for applications of our integrated methodology are Riverside, San Diego, and Santa Barbara. The basic procedure is first to identify possible earthquake source regions and local campus site conditions that may affect estimates of strong ground motion. Combined geological , geophysical, and geotechnical studies are conducted to characterize each campus with specific focus on the location of particular target buildings of special interest to the campus administrators. The project will then drill and log deep boreholes next to the target structure, to provide direct in-situ measurements of subsurface material properties and to install uphole and downhole 3-component seismic sensors capable of recording both weak and strong motions. The boreholes provide access to deeper materials, below the soil layers, that have relatively high seismic shear-wave velocities. Analysis of conjugate downhole and uphole records provides a basis for optimizing the representation of the low-strain response of the sites. Earthquake rupture scenarios of identified causative faults are combined with the earthquake records and nonlinear soil models to provide site-specific estimates of strong motions at the selected target locations. The predicted ground motions are then used as input to the dynamic analysis of the buildings.
Atlas of genetic effects in human microglia transcriptome across brain regions, aging and disease pathologies

Microglia are tissue‐resident macrophages of the central nervous system that are essential for homeostasis, immune response, neurogenesis, and neuronal plasticity. Genetic studies have strongly implicated microglial dysfunction in multiple neurodegenerative diseases. However, investigating genetically‐driven changes in gene expression in microglia has been limited by lack of access to these cells from the number of subjects required to perform well‐powered genomic analysis.
Identification of a Novel, Membrane-associated Neuronal Kinase, Cyclin-dependent Kinase 5/p35-regulated Kinase

Here we characterize a novel neuronal kinase, cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (cdk5)/p35-regulated kinase (cprk). Cprk is a member of a previously undescribed family of kinases that are predicted to contain two N-terminal membrane-spanning domains and a long C terminus, which harbors a dual-specificity serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase domain. Cprk was isolated in a yeast two-hybrid screen using the neuronal cdk5 activator p35 as " bait. " Cprk interacts with p35 in the yeast-two hybrid system, binds to p35 in glutathione S-transferase fusion pull-down assays, and colocalizes with p35 in cultured neurons and transfected cells. In these cells, cprk is present with p35 in the Golgi apparatus. Cprk is expressed in a number of tissues but is enriched in brain and muscle and within the brain is found in a wide range of neuronal populations. Cprk displays catalytic activity in in vitro kinase assays and is itself phosphorylated by cdk5/p35. Cdk5/p35 inhibits cprk activity. Cdk5/p35 may therefore regulate cprk function in the brain.
Deoxycholic Acid Modulates Cell-Junction Gene Expression and Increases Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction

Diet-related obesity is associated with increased intestinal hyperpermeability. High dietary fat intake causes an increase in colonic bile acids (BAs), particularly deoxycholic acid (DCA). We hypothesize that DCA modulates the gene expression of multiple cell junction pathways and increases intestinal permeability. With a human Caco-2 cell intestinal model, we used cell proliferation, PCR array, biochemical, and immunofluorescent assays to examine the impact of DCA on the integrity of the intestinal barrier and gene expression. The Caco-2 cells were grown in monolayers and challenged with DCA at physiological, sub-mM, concentrations. DCA increased transcellular and paracellular permeability (>20%). Similarly, DCA increased intracellular reactive oxidative species production (>100%) and accompanied a decrease (>40%) in extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathways. Moreover, the mRNA levels of 23 genes related to the epithelial barrier (tight junction, focal adhesion, gap junction, and adherens junction pathways) were decreased (>40%) in (0.25 mM) DCA-treated Caco-2 cells compared to untreated cells. Finally, we demonstrated that DCA decreased (>58%) the protein content of occludin present at the cellular tight junctions and the nucleus of epithelial cells. Collectively, DCA decreases the gene expression of multiple pathways related to cell junctions and increases permeability in a human intestinal barrier model.
Age distributions and dynamically changing hydrologic systems: Exploring topography‐driven flow

Natural systems are driven by dynamic forcings that change in time as well as space, behavior that is inherited by the system flow field and results in time‐varying age distributions (ADs). This work presents a review of the mathematical tools and solution approaches used to model ADs in dynamic time‐varying flow systems. A simple conceptual, numerical model is then used to explore the role of flow dynamics in ADs for topography‐driven flow systems. This model is an analog for regional groundwater systems and hyporheic zones. This model demonstrates that relatively small fluctuations in the forcing, even though importantly affecting the flow in the system, can have minimal effects in ADs. However, as the intensity of fluctuation increases, still within the bounds observed in natural systems, ADs in shallow parts of the system become highly sensitive to dynamic flow conditions, leading to considerable changes in the moments and modality of the distributions with time. In particular, transient flow can lead to emergence of new modes in the AD, which would not be present under steady flow conditions. The discrepancy observed between ADs under steady and transient flow conditions is explained by enhancement of mixing due to temporal variations in the flow field. ADs in deeper parts of the system are characterized by multimodality and tend to be more stable over time even for large forcing fluctuations.