Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reduction of Heavy Metal (Pb) ions in industrial waste using activated carbon based on used catalysts

Used catalyst-based activated carbon is activated carbon made from used catalysts from the crude oil cracking process. The used catalyst used is a type of crystalline Zeolite with a regular structure, which contains elements of Silica Oxide, Alumina Oxide, and Calcium Oxide. The use of organic activated carbon to treat waste has been widely used, the use of used catalyst waste as activated carbon is very potential because the catalyst used for oil company cracking is no longer used. Tofu industry is one of Indonesia's industries dominated by small-scale businesses with limited capital, so most tofu industries do not have waste treatment units, where liquid waste is directly discharged into sewers or water bodies without treatment first. Tofu industrial waste contains pollutants both organic and inorganic. Initial analysis of tofu industry liquid waste containing Pb metal. This study aims to determine the effect of mass variation and stirring time of used catalyst-based activated carbon adsorbent on reducing Heavy Metal Ions (Pb) in tofu industry liquid waste. The adsorption process is carried out with mass variations of activated carbon of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 grams. Stirring time variations are 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 minutes. From the results of the study, it is known that the best condition for reducing Pb content was obtained at a stirring time of 60 minutes and a large catalyst-based activated carbon mass of 66.33%
Effect of Irradiation Dose on the Structure and Tribological Performance of Ti:WS2/PFPE Composite Lubricating System in Atomic Oxygen Environment

Abstract Perfluoropolyether (PFPE) oil possessing higher oxidation stability than hydrocarbon lubricant is combined with Ti:WS2 film to construct a solid–liquid composite lubricating system. The results indicate that atomic oxygen (AO) irradiation generates some important effects for the Ti:WS2/PFPE composite lubricating system. With an increase of irradiation dose, the molecular structure of PFPE oil experiences carbon chain breakage and appears to be an obvious molecule for cross-linking and polymerization. Meanwhile, Ti:WS2 film also is oxidized to a different extent to form WO3. The changes in the solid–liquid system resulted in greatly different tribological properties of the Ti:WS2/PFPE system. The friction coefficient of the system significantly increases with low-dose irradiation, while inversely, the value sharply decreases with high-dose AO, which is related to the presence of WO3 and formation of a transfer film. Finally, the failure mechanism of Ti:WS2/PFPE system under AO irradiation has been revealed.
Pressure‐ and temperature‐dependent thermal expansivity and the effect on mantle convection and surface observables

SUMMARY In most mantle convection studies with variable thermal expansivity only the pressure dependence is considered. Here we investigate the effect of temperature- and/or pressure-dependent thermal expansivity α on the distribution of buoyancy forces in mantle convection. Thermal expansivity is calculated for the dominant upper-mantle mineral, forsterite, and a map of its dependence on T and p is given. By studying simple 2-D steady-state constant-viscosity convection and comparing cases with constant α, α( p), α(T ) and α(p, T) we find that at mantle temperatures the pressure dependence of α is important. For the lithosphere the dependence of α on temperature dominates, since the temperature dependence of α is much stronger in the low-pressure regime. Also dynamic topography changes considerably (up to 15 per cent) if α is T- and p-dependent compared with a constant or only p-dependent case. Scaling laws for the Nusselt number and the rms velocity are obtained. They differ from the constant-α case by at most 12 per cent if an effective Rayleigh number based on the spatial average of α is used.
Point feature correction based rolling shutter modeling for EKF-based visual-inertial odometry

The application of consumer-grade rolling-shutter (RS) cameras in visual inertial odometry (VIO) systems deserves attention. In previous works, VIO systems with RS cameras usually adopt different dimensions of RS modeling to represent the camera motion. Although the complex camera motion expression improves accuracy, adding more variables greatly increases the computation load. Therefore, considering the limitations of camera motion modeling, this paper introduces a point feature correction strategy to improve the performance of the system in terms of both speed and accuracy. The optimized camera poses and high-frequency inertial measurement unit (IMU) are employed to correct the point features in the RS image to new pixel coordinates in the global shutter view (in the middle of the RS image readout time) by epipolar transfer. At the same time, we handle the zero velocity and abnormal cases of RS modeling to improve the robustness of the system. Furthermore, the readout time of the RS camera is self-calibrated online during the state augmentation stage and can quickly converge and stabilize to near the true value. The readout time of the RS camera is locally observable, except for two degenerate motions. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on a public dataset in terms of accuracy and computational cost. We port our algorithm to an Android-based mobile phone and our system outputs real-time trajectories on the mobile phone. Then, we use the motion capture system to obtain the ground truth phone pose to test the performance of our algorithm.
Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Lactobacillus farciminis and Lactobacillus rhamnosus on Growth and Production Indicators of Broiler Chickens

In response to the 2006 EU ban on the use of antibiotics as growth promoters, researchers have sought alternatives, leading to a focus on the beneficial effects of probiotics on chickens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the probiotic mixture containing Lactobacillus (L.) farciminis CNCM-I-3699 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus CNCM-I-3698 on the growth, production indicators, and edible organs of broiler chickens. Three trials were conducted, each consisting of 260 newly hatched Ross 308 broiler chicks (males and females) from a commercial hatchery, randomly allocated into control (n = 130) and probiotic-supplemented groups (n = 130). The dietary treatments were basal diet for the control group and basal diet + the mixture of L. farciminis CNCM-I-3699 (2.1010 GU/g) and L. rhamnosus CNCM-I-3698 (2.1010 GU/g) at a rate of 4g/10kg of diet for the probiotic supplemented group. Broilers were raised until day 35 of age, and their body weight and feed intake were recorded on days 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35. All broiler chickens were weighed on the first day. The investigated parameters included average weight gain, feed conversion ratio, cumulative feed intake, and the European Broiler Index. Daily mortality was recorded. The average organ’s relative weight was calculated for each group on days 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35. Although both groups yielded positive results regarding growth and production indicators, no significant differences were observed between the two groups, suggesting that probiotics may not provide expected outcomes when appropriate conditions and age-related requirements are met. The probiotic-supplemented group exhibited significantly accelerated growth in the heart and liver. However, relative organ weights did not differ significantly between the groups.
Achieving small and medium-scale performance through entrepreneurial orientation

This study investigated the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and SME performance of small-scale poultry farmers. To achieve this, four object research questions and hypotheses were raised. , the study used the quantitative research approach with a descriptive and causal research design. From a population figure of 669 SME business owners in Asaba, Delta, data were collected through a pilot structured questionnaire using the cross-sectional approach. Multiple regression analysis was the statistical tool used to analyze the data gathered. Findings revealed that three out of the four indicators of entrepreneurship proactiveness, entrepreneurship innovativeness, and entrepreneurship demography, have a significant positive relationship with SME performance while entrepreneurship risk-taking relationship with the dependent variable is insignificant. Based on these findings, it was concluded that entrepreneurship orientation revealed that impactful relationship with SMEs' performance, the investigation of their performance shows that entrepreneurial orientation affects small and medium scale, although the majority of the findings were concerned with the attributes of, innovativeness, pro-activeness, risk-taking and demographic factors indicates a positive relationship with SMEs performance.
An empirical study on attitudes toward gambling when sportswashing is involved

Sportswashing is defined as individuals, groups, companies, or countries/regimes’ involvement in sports to improve their own reputation and/or to distract from or normalize wrongdoing. This cross-sectional survey is the first empirical study on sportswashing in relation to gambling. The sample consisted of United Kingdom residents who reported past 12-month gambling (N = 786, 50% women, mean age = 45.6, SD = 15.2). We investigated how many were familiar with sportswashing and their attitudes toward gambling when sportswashing is involved. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted on the attitudes scale that was developed for the current study. Multiple regressions were used to examine if individual differences in terms of age, gender, personality, moral foundations, political trust and efficacy, and/or gambling risk were associated with such attitudes. Finally, we examined the percentage of people who avoid gambling on teams/events when sportswashing is involved, including group differences in avoidance and motivations for avoidance according to gambling risk. The results showed that only 32% had heard about sportswashing prior to the survey. CFA indicated that attitudes toward sportswashing and gambling as conceptualized in the scale used in the current study can broadly be categorized into two dimensions: How individuals relate to sportswashing when gambling (“self-factor”) and how individuals think gambling companies and regulators should regulate sportswashing and gambling [an “external-factor,” p < 0.001, CFI = 0.0. 996, RMSEA = 0.090, 90% CI (0.077, 0.104)]. Multiple regressions indicated that measures of individual differences explained a significant amount of variance in self-oriented (F (17, 765) = 7.19, p < 0.001, adjusted R2 = 0.12) and external-oriented (F (17, 765) = 8.40, p < 0.001. adjusted R2 = 0.14) attitude toward gambling and sportswashing. Avoidance of betting when sportswashing is involved was reported by 43%. The proportion was lower among those with moderate gambling risk/problem gambling (35%) compared to those with no/low gambling risk (45%). It is concluded that further scale development could help elucidate individual differences in attitudes toward sportswashing and gambling. Sportswashing remains an important social issue, and the present study indicates that this has high relevance for the gambling field.
Impact of Global Climate Change on Stream Low Flows in a Hydraulic Fracking Affected Watershed

The impact of fresh water withdrawals for hydraulic fracturing has concerned water resource scientists and communities interested in sustainable water resource management. Specifically, low flow conditions in watersheds may be further reduced due to global climate change, as it has the potential to decrease streamflow. Since an earlier study found that the current rate of fracking had some impact on water availability, this study was conducted in order to ascertain whether or not the current fracking trend will have an impact in stream low flow in the future. This study was conducted on the Muskingum watershed in Eastern Ohio, which has been subjected to the rapid expansion of hydraulic fracking. The watershed model, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), was used for watershed simulation using the climate output of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). Precipitation and temperatures outputs from Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM) were used to evaluate the variation in streamflow during the 21 st century using three Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) scenarios: RCP 2.6; RCP 4.5; and RCP 8.5. Three future periods, namely, 2035s (2021-2050), 2055s (2051-2070) and 2085s (2070-2099) were set against the baseline condition (1995-2009). Lowest flow was projected to increase across the watershed during 2035s period compared to the remaining 50 years period, under the highest forced climate scenario (RCP8.5). Similarly, mean flow also could be expected to decrease during 2035s in the eastern, north-western and south western portion of the watershed. Additionally, the streamflow was simulated using current fracking scenarios and 2035s climate output in order to assess the impact of water withdrawal for a continuous trend of current fracking rates. A modest effect on stream low flow was detected, when extreme scenario (RCP 8.5) was considered, especially in the headwater streams. While results indicate that 14 of 32 subbasins were affected, with maximum difference up to 55% in lowest 7 days minimum low flow (considered lowest value from each year), negligible impact was detected on mean monthly and annual streamflow. Analysis with RCP 2.6 and RCP 4.5 indicated that stream low flow would not be affected especially in higher order streams. Even though a localized effect of hydraulic fracking to reduce the environmental flow was detected; this research indicated that future climate change may not have additional adverse impacts if hydraulic fracking trends are stable.
VARIACIÓN MORFOMÉTRICA EN POBLACIONES NATURALIZADAS Y DOMESTICADAS DE LA TILAPIA DEL NILO OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS (TELEOSTEI: CICHLIDAE) EN EL NORTE DE COLOMBIA

Con el propósito de conocer la variación ecológica de la tilapia del Nilo Oreochromis niloticus en el norte de Colombia, se recolectaron 392 individuos en dos lagunas costeras, un embalse, dos ciénagas y tres centros piscícolas. El análisis discriminante canónico libre del efecto del tamaño (CDA-SF) de 21 medidas morfométricas entre 10 puntos anatómicos reveló discriminación entre las poblaciones naturalizadas y domesticadas. El CDA-SF también reveló variación morfométrica dentro de cada grupo. En las poblaciones naturalizadas se identificaron tres morfotipos, uno para cada categoría de sistema (dulceacuícola, estuarino y alcalino). Todos los resultados fueron atribuidos a las condiciones ambientales (salinidad, alcalinidad, temperatura y condiciones morfoedáficas), al tipo de alimento consumido por cada tipo de población en cada cuerpo de agua y al tipo de hábitat (silvestre y confinado).
Ecosystem Science Capabilities Required to Support NOAA's Mission in the Year 2020

The mission of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is to understand and predict changes in the Earth’s environment and conserve and manage coastal and marine resources to meet our nation’s economic, social and environmental needs (NOAA, 2004). In meeting its marine stewardship responsibilities, NOAA seeks to ensure the sustainable use of resources and balance competing uses of coastal and marine ecosystems, recognizing both their human and natural components (NOAA, 2004). Authorities for executing these responsibilities come from over 90 separate pieces of Federal legislation, each with unique requirements and responsibilities. Few of these laws explicitly mandate an ecosystem approach to management (EAM) or supporting science. However, resource managers, the science community, and increasingly, the public, are recognizing that significantly greater connectedness among the scientific disciplines is needed to support management and stewardship responsibilities (Browman and Stergiou, 2004; 2005). Neither NOAA nor any other science agency can meet the increasing demand for ecosystem science products addressing each of its mandates individually. Even if it was possible, doing so would not provide the integration necessary to solve the increasingly complex array of management issues. This focus on the integration of science and management responsibilities into an ecosystem view is one of the centerpieces of the U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy’s report (USCOP, 2004), and the Administration’s response to that report in the U.S. Ocean Action Plan (CEQ, 2004). (PDF contains 100 pages)
Sleep Stage Transitions and Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation in Children with Narcolepsy–Cataplexy

Electroencephalographic sleep stage transitions and altered first REM sleep period transitions have been identified as biomarkers of type 1 narcolepsy in adults, but not in children. Studies on memory complaints in narcolepsy have not yet investigated sleep-dependent memory consolidation. We aimed to explore stage transitions; more specifically altered REM sleep transition and its relationship with sleep-dependent memory consolidation in children with narcolepsy. Twenty-one children with narcolepsy–cataplexy and twenty-three healthy control children completed overnight polysomnography and sleep-dependent memory consolidation tests. Overnight transition rates (number of transitions per hour), global relative transition frequencies (number of transitions between a stage and all other stages/total number of transitions × 100), overnight transitions to REM sleep (transition from a given stage to REM/total REM transitions × 100), and altered first REM sleep period transitions (transitions from wake or N1 to the first REM period) were computed. Narcoleptic children had a significantly higher overnight transition rate with a higher global relative transition frequencies to wake. A lower sleep-dependent memory consolidation score found in children with narcolepsy was associated with a higher overnight transition frequency. As observed in narcoleptic adults, 90.48% of narcoleptic children exhibited an altered first REM sleep transition. As in adults, the altered sleep stage transition is also present in children with narcolepsy–cataplexy, and a higher transition rate could have an impact on sleep-dependent memory consolidation. These potential biomarkers could help diagnose type 1 narcolepsy in children more quickly; however, further studies with larger cohorts, including of those with type 2 narcolepsy and hypersomnia, are needed.
Physical, Chemical and Preference Levels of Cendol Substituted with Purple Yam Flour (Dioscorea alata L.)

Purple yam (Dioscorea alata L.) is a local food with many sources of antioxidants, so it becomes a staple food for the community. The addition of purple yam flour to the production of cendol is expected to help increase the selling value of cendol and also purple yam. This research aims to produce cendol with the addition of purple yam flour which has antioxidant activity and liked by the panelists. A completely randomized factorial design was used in this study using 2 factors, namely the treatment of variations in the length of cooking time and variations in the concentration of purple yam flour added, so that 9 treatment combinations were obtained, namely the addition of 10%, 20% and 30% purple yam flour with a cooking time of 10, 15 and 20 minutes. The results showed that there was an effect of cooking time and the addition of purple yam flour concentration had an effect on the chemical properties and preferences of cendol.The best cendol formulation was the addition of 30% purple yam flour and 20 minutes of cooking time. The selected purple yam cendol has nutritional value: ash content 0.082%, antioxidant content 15.55% RSA, phenol content 8.33 mg GAE/g db body and anthocyanin content 15.86 mg/100 g db. Cendol substituted for purple yam flour can ward off free radicals because it has a purple pigment derived from anthocyanin, an antioxidant.
Bilinear Gaussian Belief Propagation for Massive MIMO Detection With Non-Orthogonal Pilots

We propose a novel joint channel and data estimation (JCDE) algorithm via bilinear Gaussian belief propagation (BiGaBP) for massive multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) systems with non-orthogonal pilot sequences. The contribution aims to reduce significantly the communication overhead required for channel acquisition by enabling the use of short non-orthogonal pilots, while maintaining multi-user detection (MUD) capability. Bilinear generalized approximate message passing (BiGAMP), which is systematically derived by extending approximate message passing (AMP) to the bilinear inference problem (BIP), provides computationally efficient approximate implementations of large-scale JCDE via sum-product algorithm (SPA); however, as the pilot length decreases, the estimation accuracy is severely degraded. To tackle this issue, the proposed BiGaBP algorithm generalizes BiGAMP by relaxing its dependence on the large-system limit approximation and leveraging the belief propagation (BP) concept. In addition, a novel belief scaling method complying with the data detection accuracy for each iteration step is designed to avoid the divergence behavior of iterative estimation in the early iterations due to the use of non-orthogonal pilots, especially in insufficient large-system conditions. Simulation results show that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art schemes and approaches the performance of idealized (genie-aided) scheme in terms of mean square error (MSE) and bit error rate (BER) performances.
Automatic Taxonomy Generation and Incremental Evolution on Apache Spark Parallelization Framework

The term “Big Data” refers to a large volume of information usually in terabytes and petabytes. It includes both structured and unstructured data. Unstructured data is conventionally text-heavy, but may also contain data such as facts, dates and numbers. To use this unstructured information effectively, it needs to be processed and organized. Taxonomy is considered as a powerful way of organizing the information. For automatic taxonomy generation, various techniques have been proposed in the past. However, the substantial nature of big data presently crosses the processing abilities of traditional techniques. Thus, to meet this challenge an extensible and scalable technique is required to potentially accelerate the process of taxonomy generation and its evolution upon arrival of new data, hence catering large amount of unstructured big data. This paper proposes a technique for both the taxonomy generation and evolution on Apache Spark infrastructure. The proposed technique is evaluated on a text dataset of a computing domain. The evaluation results show that the technique presented in this paper outperformed the existing techniques in terms of time and quality metrics. The time and quality-based evaluation showed that the use of MapReduce environment has resolved the scalability issues of current taxonomy generation and evolution process.