Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Wideband SIW-Fed Cavity-Backed Antenna for W-Band Applications

A substrate-integrated-waveguide(SIW) fed cavity-backed antenna based on multilayer quartz-glass substrates is discussed in this paper. In order to obtain a large bandwidth, the antenna is composed of three layers of substrate, the field radiation is carried out through a cavity surrounded by the through-glass-vias(TGVs), and the SIW structure is used for feeding. Simulation results show that the VSWR $< 2$ bandwidth of the antenna ranges from 67 to 110GHz, and its size is only about half of the wavelength corresponding to 100GHz. The radiation characteristics are also good. The 3-dB beamwidths of E-plane and H-plane are both greater than 80 degrees at 110GHz and the pattern changes slowly in the operating band. These good performances indicate that the antenna can be well integrated with the RFIC through SIW structure and can well meet the requirements of millimeter wave array applications.
A Facile One-Pot Preparation and Properties of Nanocellulose-Reinforced Ionic Conductive Hydrogels

Nanocellulose-reinforced ionic conductive hydrogels were prepared using cellulose nanofiber (CNF) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as raw materials, and the hydrogels were prepared in a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)/water binary solvent by a one-pot method. The prepared hydrogels were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The mechanical properties, electrical conductivity, and sensing properties of the hydrogels were studied by means of a universal material testing machine and LCR digital bridge. The results show that the ionic conductive hydrogel exhibits high stretchability (elongation at break, 206%) and firmness (up to 335 KPa). The tensile fracture test shows that the hydrogel has good properties in terms of tensile strength, toughness, and elasticity. The hydrogel as a conductor medium is assembled into a self-powered strain sensor and the open-circuit voltage can reach 0.830 V. It shows good sensitivity in the bend sensing testing, indicating that the hydrogel has good sensing performance. The water retention and anti-freezing performance experiments show that the addition of dimethyl sulfoxide solvents can effectively improve the anti-freezing and water retention properties of hydrogels.
Sample size effects on the large strain bursts in submicron aluminum pillars

In situ transmission electron microscope compression testing of submicron Al pillars shows two sample size regimes with contrasting behavior underlying the large strain bursts. For small pillars, the bursts originate from explosive and highly correlated dislocation generation, characterized by very high collapse stresses and nearly dislocation-free post-collapse microstructure. For larger pillars, the bursts result from the reconstruction of jammed dislocation configurations, featuring relative low stress levels and retention of dislocation network after bursts.
Formulation and evaluation of acetazolamide loaded in–situ gel for the treatment of glaucoma

: The present research work was proposed to develop a pH triggered in-situ gel formulation for the ocular delivery of acetazolamide to treat glaucoma. Carbopol-934, Carbopol 940, Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) K4M, and Sodium Alginate were chosen for the development of in-situ gel. Formulation with Carbopol 940 and sodium alginate was optimized by assessing the gelling capacity. The prepared in-situ gel formulations were thoroughly characterized for gelling time, gelation temperature, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy studies, rheological study, sterility testing, corneal drug permeation, ocular irritation test, and accelerated stability study. Ex-vivo corneal permeation study was performed using goat cornea. The result of transcorneal permeation of acetazolamide followed the Fickian diffusion process. The optimized formulations showed satisfactory gelling time (4.17-5.17 sec) and dissolution time (120 min). FTIR study confirms the compatibility between the polymers and acetazolamide. The sterility study showed a satisfactory result. After 72 h observation in the in-vivo rabbit eye irritation study, the eyes appeared normal. There were no significant changes in pH and drug content in the accelerated stability studies of the formulations.
Placental Development and Physiological Changes in Pregnant Ewes in Silvopastoral and Open Pasture Systems during the Summer

Simple Summary Heat stress is a physiological condition where an animal fails to adequately dissipate body heat; this results in increased blood flow in the animal’s core and negatively affects its physiological system. Considering this problem, this study aimed to analyze the reproductive and physiological changes in ewes subjected to heat stress during pregnancy. Twenty-four pregnant crossbred ewes were kept at UTFPR-DV’s (Brazil) silvopastoral (SP) or open pasture (OP) systems throughout their pregnancy. During the experiment, microclimatic variables, sheep’s blood samples, and physiological variables were collected every two weeks. After the birth of the lambs, the placentas were also collected. Our results showed that both systems were stressful for the sheep, but the SP system had lower air and grass temperatures than the OP system. The respiratory and heart rates of animals from the OP system were higher than those from the SP system. As regards the animals’ immune cells, their mobilization was not affected by the systems, while the neutrophil count was only affected by time. Regarding placental biometry, it was observed that placentas in twin pregnancies had a greater membrane area. We concluded that the type of production system used affects the thermal comfort of pregnant ewes; an SP system can offer more amenable microclimatic conditions, which result in greater comfort for the ewes. Abstract This study aimed to analyze the reproductive and physiological changes in ewes subjected to heat stress during pregnancy at UTFPR-Brazil. Twenty-four pregnant crossbred ewes were kept in a silvopastoral system (SP) or an open pasture system (OP) throughout the final trimester of pregnancy. Both systems were stressful, but the SP system had lower air temperature than the OP system (26.0 ± 0.38 and 26.9 ± 0.41 °C, respectively; p = 0.0288). Moreover, the radiant thermal load of the two groups presented a difference of 34 Wm−2 (p = 0.0288), and the grass temperature was also lower in the SP system compared to that in the OP system (23.4 ± 0.37 and 25.6 ± 0.44 °C, respectively; p = 0.0043). The respiratory and heart rates of animals from the OP group were higher than those from the SP group (p < 0.001), but no difference was observed in the mobilization of white blood cells (p = 0.4777), and the neutrophil count was only affected by time (p < 0.0001). As regards placental biometry, placentas in twin pregnancies had a greater membrane area (p = 0.0223), but no differences between the systems were observed in placental weight (p = 0.1522) and the number of cotyledons (p = 0.5457). We concluded that the type of rearing system used affects the thermal comfort of pregnant ewes, and that an SP system can offer more amenable microclimatic conditions, which result in greater comfort for the ewes.
Design of Broadband Power Amplifier Based on Multi-Frequency Optimization Method

In this paper, a power amplifier (PA) optimization method based on multi-frequency load impedance is proposed. A broadband PA with Chebyshev low-pass structure operating from 2.5 GHz to 3.5 GHz is designed to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of this method. In this work, the proposed multi-frequency impedance matching method (MFIMM) is compared with the central frequency impedance matching method (CFIMM). With the same optimization algorithm, the gradient algorithm that embedded in advanced design system (ADS), the proposed multi-frequency technique shows superior performance in both optimization time and optimized PA results.
Simulation and Comparison of Voltage and Current Characteristics of Finfet by Varying its Channel Dimension with Single Gate MOSFET for Improved Conductivity

FinFET and single gate MOSFET current and voltage characteristics are simulated by varying the channel dimension, which can vary from 5 nm to 80 nm. By adjusting channel size (width) spanning from 5 nm to 80 nm in the NANO HUB tool simulation environment, the electrical conductance of FINFET $(\mathbf{n}=320)$ and single gate MOSFET $(\mathbf{n}=320)$ were compared. FINFET has a much greater conductance $(4.38^{*}10$- 4 mho, $\mathbf{P} \ 0.05$) than single gate MOSFET $(12.64^{*}10-6 \ \mathbf{mho})$. 80 nm was the optimal channel width for maximum conductivity in FINFET and single gate MOSFET. Within the confines of this investigation, a FINFET with a channel width of 80 nm offers the optimum conductivity.
Andrographis paniculata ameliorates estrogen deficiency-related osteoporosis by directing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell fate

Background Although Andrographis paniculata (AP) exhibits various biological functions such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, antimicrobial, antioxidant, cardioprotective and immunomodulatory, its role in estrogen deficiency-related osteoporosis remains unclear. Methods Ovariectomy (OVX)-induced estrogen deficiency-related osteoporotic mouse models and sham mouse models were established using 8-week-old female C57BL/6J mice. Micro-computed tomography (µCT) scanning was performed to assess the skeletal phenotype. The differentiation potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) from the OVX and sham groups was assessed by osteogenic or adipogenic induction medium in vitro. To verify the effects of AP, alizarin red S (ARS) staining, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and oil red O (ORO) staining, reverse transcription assay and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were applied to detect the lineage differentiation ability of BMSCs. Results µCT scanning showed that AP treatment attenuated the osteoporotic phenotype in OVX-induced estrogen deficiency-related osteoporotic mice. The results of ARS staining, ALP staining, ORO staining and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction indicated that BMSCs from OVX-induced osteoporotic mice displayed a significant reduction in osteogenic differentiation and an increase in adipogenic differentiation, which could be reversed by AP treatment. Conclusions Our findings suggested that AP regulated the differentiation potential of BMSCs and ameliorated the development of estrogen deficiency-related osteoporosis, which might be an effective therapeutic method for estrogen deficiency-related osteoporosis.
Open-ended tests for Koopman-Darmois families

The generalized likelihood ratio is used to define a stopping rule for rejecting the null hypothesis θ = θ0 in favor of θ > θ0. Subject to a bound α on the probability of ever stopping in case θ = θ0, the expected sample sizes for θ > θ0 are minimized within a multiple of log log α-1, the multiple depending on θ. An heuristic bound on the error probability of a likelihood ratio procedure is derived and verified in the case of a normal mean by consideration of a Wiener process. Useful lower bounds on the small-sample efficiency in the normal case are thereby obtained.
OPTIMIZATION OF DAMPING CHARACTERISTICS IN VEHICLE DYNAMICS

In vehicle dynamics, designing the characteristics of shock absorbers is an important subproblem which determines the overall behavior of the vehicle to a high extent. Their design can be supported by numerical optimization. In the paper the problem of an adequate description is discussed where the mathematical function type used is determined by physical effects. In order to apply efficient optimization algorithms, sensitivities with respect to state variables and control nodes of the characteristics are computed. A suspension design problem based on a multibody system model of a vehicle is formulated and solved by multicriterion optimization. Results for different preferences on comfort and riding safety are shown.
Formulation and Evaluation of O/W Nanoemulsions of Caffeic Acid

Objective: To Formulate and Evaluate Nanoemulsions of Caffeic acid to overcome its poor aqueous solubility and bioavailability. Methods: The caffeic acid nanoemulsions were prepared by spontaneous emulsification method through selection of oil phase based on solubility studies and surfactant and co-surfactant screening on the basis of their emulsification ability. The components were selected on the basis of maximum solubility of caffeic acid in various media such as isopropyl myristate as oil phase, tween 80 as surfactant and PEG 600 as co-surfactant. Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were constructed to optimize the percentage of oil, surfactant and co-surfactant. The prepared nanoemulsions were then evaluated for its surface morphology, zeta potential, droplet size, pH, viscosity and drug content. Result: The formulated nanoemulsion showed -0.0468 mV zeta potential with droplet size below 100 nm, pH 5.9 and viscosity 9.3 cps. The in-vitro drug release studies showed 98.76% drug release in 0.1N HCl while 98.57% in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) that was found to be significantly higher than that of drug. Conclusion: The formulated nanoemulsions of caffeic acid showed improvement in solubility leading to enhanced oral bioavailability.
Differences in Pore Type and Pore Structure between Silurian Longmaxi Marine Shale and Jurassic Dongyuemiao Lacustrine Shale and Their Influence on Shale-Gas Enrichment

The Silurian Longmaxi (S1l) marine shale and Jurassic Dongyuemiao (J1d) lacustrine shale in the Sichuan Basin, West China have attracted considerable attention from the oil-and-gas industry in China. Currently, the differences in pore types and pore structures between them are poorly understood, which has limited shale-resource exploration in the Sichuan Basin. This paper systemically compares the pore characteristics of Longmaxi shale and Dongyuemiao shale and investigates their impact on shale-gas enrichment by integrating field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE–SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), low-pressure gas (CO2 and N2) adsorption and mercury-intrusion porosimetry, high-pressure sorption isotherms, gas-saturation measurement, molecular-dynamics simulation, etc. The results show that the S1l organic-rich marine shale and the J1d lacustrine shale have different pore types and pore structures. The S1l shale is dominated by organic pores, mainly micropores and mesopores with ink-bottle-like pore shapes, while the J1d shale is primarily composed of clay-mineral pores, mainly mesopores and macropores with slit- or plate-like pore shapes. Organic pores can provide considerable storage space for shale-gas enrichment in S1l marine shale, which also determines the adsorption capacity of shale reservoirs. Although organic pores are not the most prevalent in the Dongyuemiao lacustrine shale, they also play an important role in enhancing reservoir quality and absorbed-gas enrichment. Clay-mineral pores contribute weakly to the storage space of J1d-lacustrine-shale reservoirs. Mesopores are the most important form of storage space in both S1l shale and J1d shale, contributing significantly to shale-gas enrichment. Micropores are secondary in importance in S1l marine shale, while macropores are secondary contributors to pore volume in J1d lacustrine shale.
Low temperature epitaxial growth of GaN films on LiGaO2 substrates

GaN films have been grown on LiGaO2 {001} substrates at low substrate temperatures by pulsed laser deposition and their structural properties have been investigated. It is found that the metal-face LiGaO2 substrates are thermally more stable than O-face LiGaO2. It is also found that growth of GaN films proceeds epitaxially, even at room temperature (RT), on metal-face LiGaO2, but polycrystalline GaN films are formed on O-face LiGaO2 at RT. Reduction in growth temperature lessens the interface reactions that have previously been regarded as the most serious problem with this substrate have been revealed by x-ray reflectivity measurements.
Glacial retreat and rising temperatures are limiting the expansion of temperate kelp species in the future Arctic

Kelps act as ecosystem engineers on many polar rocky shore coastlines. The underwater light climate and temperature are the main drivers for their vertical and latitudinal distribution. With temperatures rising globally, an Arctic expansion of temperate kelp species and an accelerating glacial melt is predicted. It was our aim to investigate the effects of retreating glaciers and rising temperatures on the potential habitat of kelps in Arctic fjords. We analyzed the underwater light climate of areas being influenced by different stages of glacial retreat (sea‐terminating glacier, land‐terminating glacier, coastal water) in Arctic Kongsfjorden. We observed reduced light intensities and a changed spectral composition in glacial meltwater plumes, potentially resulting in an upward shift of the lower depth limit of kelp, counteracting the predicted biomass increase in the Arctic. Furthermore, we studied temperature‐related changes in light‐use characteristics in two kelp species (Alaria esculenta, Saccharina latissima) at 3°C, 7°C, and 11°C. Rising temperatures lead to a significant increase of the compensation irradiance of A. esculenta. The dark respiration of S. latissima increased significantly, correlating with a decreasing carbon content. We detected no differences in photosynthetic rates, although the chlorophyll a concentration of A. esculenta was ~ 78% higher compared to S. latissima. Ultimately, temperature‐induced changes in kelps light‐use characteristics might lead to a changed species composition, as we found A. esculenta better adapted to polar conditions. We conclude that the deterioration of the underwater light climate and the temperature increase may drive substantial changes of the future Arctic kelp forest structure.
Effects of Acute Exergame on Glucose Control After Glucose Ingestion in Individuals with Pre- and Type 2 Diabetes

OBJECTIVES The purpose of present study was to analyze the acute effects of exergame on glucose control after glucose ingestion in individuals with pre- and type 2 diabetes.METHODS We enrolled 60 adults with pre-diabetes (Pre-DM, 58.1±9.2 years, n=20) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM, 61.7±9.9 years, n=40). We measured fingertip capillary blood glucose level at 10 min before, 30 min after, 60 min after and 120 min after the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). For the non-exergame control days, participants pursued normal daily activities but refrained from unusual strenuous physical activity. On the exercise days, participants conducted on exergame at 30 min after 75-g OGTT for 30 min.RESULTS Acute exergame reduced the glucose level 60 min, ∆BG30-60 and ∆BG60-120 after glucose ingestion compared to the control trials (p<0.01, p<0.01 and p<0.001 respectively). The cumulative glucose total area under the curve was lower with exergame than under the control condition (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Acute exergame after glucose ingestion can improve hyperglycemia and glycemic excursion.
Molecular Characterization and Efficacy Evaluation of Transgenic Maize Harboring cry2Ab-vip3A-cp4epsps for Insect Resistance and Herbicide Tolerance

Insect infestation and weed interference have a seriously negative impact on the growth, yield, and grain quality of maize. In this study, transgenic maize plants harboring three exogenous genes, cry2Ab, vip3A, and cp4epsps, that were constructed into a single T-DNA were developed for protection against insects and weeds. The transgene integration sites on the chromosomes in two transgenic maize events, CVC-1 and CVC-2, were determined using whole genome sequencing and specific PCR detection. As revealed by laboratory insect bioassays, these two transgenic events exhibited strong insecticidal toxicity against three major species of Lepidoptera insects, including Mythimna separata, Helicoverpa armigera, and Spodoptera frugiperda, with mortality rates exceeding 96%, 100%, and 100%, respectively, after six days of infestation. In addition, CVC-1 exhibited a high tolerance to glyphosate under field conditions. The successful expressions of cry2Ab, vip3A, and cp4epsps in various tissues at different developmental stages of CVC-1 were validated at the transcriptional and translational levels using quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. These findings demonstrated that the transgenic maize CVC-1 developed using this triple gene construct has excellent insect resistance and herbicide tolerance, which may provide a valuable germplasm resource and data support for future maize breeding of insect and weed control.
Numerical simulation of the propagation of P waves in fractured media

We study the propagation of P waves through media containing open fractures by performing numerical simulations. The important parameter in such problems is the ratio between crack length and incident wavelength. When the wavelength of the incident wavefield is close to or shorter than the crack length, the scattered waves are efficiently excited and the attenuation of the primary waves can be observed on synthetic seismograms. On the other hand, when the incident wavelength is greater than the crack length, we can simulate the anisotropic behaviour of fractured media resulting from the scattering of seismic waves by the cracks through the time delay of the arrival of the transmitted wave. The method of calculation used is a boundary element method in which the Green’s functions are computed by the discrete wavenumber method. For simplicity, the 2-D elastodynamic diffraction problem is considered. The rock matrix is supposed to be elastic, isotropic and homogeneous, while the cracks are all empty and have the same length and strike direction. An iterative method of calculation of the diffracted wavefield is developed in the case where a large number of cracks are present in order to reduce the computation time. The attenuation factor Q−1 of the direct waves passing through a fractured zone is measured in several frequency bands. We observe that the attenuation factor Q−1 of the direct P wave peaks around kd = 2, where k is the incident wavenumber and d the crack length, and decreases proportionally to (kd )−1 in the high-wavenumber range. In the long-wavelength domain, the velocity of the direct P wave measured for two different crack realizations is very close to the value predicted by Hudson’s theory on the overall elastic properties of fractured materials.
Holographic Antenna with Gain Enhancement by Shorting Pins

In this paper, an efficient method to improve gain of holographic antenna without increasing the antenna size is presented. To design the holographic antenna, the interference fringe generated by the reference wave and the object wave need to be obtained first based on the theory of the holographic antenna. The straight strips are utilized to rebuild the interference fringe. Shorting pins are adopted along the straight strips to improve the radiation performance of the holographic antenna. The peak gain value can be increased by 1.5 dB with utilization of shorting pins while the antenna aperture remains unchanged. The proposed antenna was manufactured and measured to validate the theoretical analysis