Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changes in Soil Nutrients Following Burning Burning of Dry Tropical Savanna

The effects of fire in dry tropical savanna ecosystems on plant available nutrients (nitrate-N, ammonium-N and phosphate - P); N - mineralization rate; soil microbial biomass C, N and P; canopy biomass and root biomass were studied during selected months. Parameters studied were the vegetative, reproductive, flowering and fruiting, fruitfall, early senescence and late senescence. The values of nitrate-N, ammonium-N and phosphate - P, N- mineralization and nitrification rate; microbial C, N and P, canopy biomass and root biomass indicated significant difference due to month and treatment, but were not significant due to year. Following fire, the increase in the build up of microbial biomass in the dry season and canopy growth and N-mineralization rate in the wet season are nutrient conserving mechanisms that prevent nutrient loss. Therefore fire can be a management tool for better productivity and nutritive quality in dry tropical environments.
Investigating mathematical anxiety among school students: a discussion on different quantitative empirical procedures

: Mathematics plays a crucial role in academic development and everyday life, making it important for educators to cultivate mathematical skills in students [7]. However, there is a growing concern regarding anxiety related to mathematics among learners (ibid.). As neglecting this issue might have a negative impact on childrens’ mathematical development and well-being, various educators and researchers have investigated the factors that might contribute to mathematical anxiety among school students to identify effective strategies for addressing it [11]
Performance evaluation of MMC-HVDC Transmission System feeding a passive network during disturbances

The high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission system has recently been developed due to the high advancement in power electronic devices. The performance and reliability of the MMC-HVDC system feeding a passive network are evaluated in this study. The system model is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink. Several faults are analyzed, including an AC fault on the rectifier side, a pole-to-ground fault on the DC side, and three phase-to-ground faults on the inverter side. The results demonstrate that the control system responds effectively to all fault scenarios.
A Novel Mechanomyography (MMG) Sensor Based on Piezo-Resistance Principle and with a Pyramidic Microarray

Flexible piezoresistive sensors built by printing nanoparticles onto soft substrates are crucial for continuous health monitoring and wearable devices. In this study, a mechanomyography (MMG) sensor was developed using a flexible piezoresistive MMG signal sensor based on a pyramidal polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microarray sprayed with carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The experiment was conducted, and the results show that the sensitivity of the sensor can reach 0.4 kPa−1 in the measurement range of 0~1.5 kPa, and the correlation reached 96%. This has further implications for the possibility that muscle activation can be converted into mechanical movement. The integrity of the sensor in terms of its MMG signal acquisition was tested based on five subjects who were performing arm bending and arm extending movements. The results of this test were promising.
Insulinoma in the primary care: a case report

Insulinoma is an uncommon neuroendocrine tumor that can cause unspecific signs and symptoms. In this case report is presented a 79-year-old man with a history of diabetes and alcohol abuse. He presented several episodes of hypoglycemia with associated symptoms. Considering the alcoholic habits and the fact that he did not take hypoglycemic medication, it was considered that the alcohol abuse was the most probable cause. However, hypoglycemia didn’t stop after he stopped drinking and the hypothesis of an insulinoma has occurred. He was referred to hospital consultation, but due to the COVID-19 pandemic, he lost follow-up for almost 2 years. He had new episodes of hypoglycemia and was hospitalized. A nodule in the uncinate process of the pancreas was detected on CT scan and he was subjected to an elective cephalic duodenopancreatectomy. Hypoglycemia can be a manifestation of several diseases. Insulinoma can mimic several pathologies, making it a challenging diagnosis. This case intends to report the importance of the family doctor in the diagnosis of pathologies with nonspecific signs and symptoms, as well as the orientation for secondary health care.
One Village One Product – rural development strategy in Asia: the case of OTOP in Thailand

Abstract This paper investigates the development of the One Tambon, One Product (OTOP) programme in Thailand, based on the earlier experience of the One Village, One Product (OVOP) movement in Japan. Conceived in Japan as a policy to reverse rural depopulation, it has become more focused on poverty alleviation when implemented in Thailand. It will be shown how, despite some criticisms, the OTOP programme has been providing communities with the chance to market local output and creating employment opportunities. The paper includes a small sample survey of Chiang Mai province's OTOP and an enterprise case study. Résumé Cet article analyse le développement du concept « Un tambon, un produit en Thaïlande », basé sur le concept « Un village, un produit », crée au Japon comme une politique visée à renverser la dépopulation rurale. En Thaïlande, la politique a été conçue plutôt comme un moyen de réduire la pauvreté. Les auteurs démontrent comment le programme en Thaïlande, malgré certaines critiques, a réussi à créer les offres d'emploi et à stimuler les économies des communautés locales dans le pays. Cet article conclut avec une enquête sur la politique dans la province de Chiang Mai et un cas d'étude sur une entreprise locale.
Interannual Variability and Long-Term Changes of Atmospheric Circulation over the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas

AbstractThe Beaufort Sea high (BSH) plays an important role in forcing Arctic sea ice and the Beaufort Gyre. This study examines the variability and long-term trends of atmospheric circulation over the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas using the ECMWF Interim Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) for the period 1979–2012. Because of the mobility of the BSH through the year, EOF analysis is applied to the sea level pressure (SLP) field in order to investigate the principal patterns of BSH variability. In each season, the three leading EOF modes explain nearly 90% of the total variance and reflect a strengthened or weakened BSH centered over the western Arctic Ocean (EOF1), a north–south dipole-like SLP anomaly (EOF2), and a west–east dipole-like SLP anomaly (EOF3), respectively. These three EOF modes offer distinct influences on local climate in each season and have different connections with the large-scale climate variability modes in winter. In particular, the second principal component (PC2) associated with EOF2 in the au.
Fast tidewater glaciers

Some iceberg-calving outlet glaciers flow continuously at speeds normally associated with surging glaciers arid exhibit dramatic instability scenarios related to those suggested for marine ice sheets. No temperate tidewater glaciers are known to have floating termini, but many polar and subpolar tidewater glaciers do. The fast flow of temperate calving glaciers is almost entirely due to basal sliding and appears to be a function of the effective pressure on the bed, which may approach zero, and the longitudinal back stress on the terminus. The terminus boundary condition (the calving relation) is imperfectly known yet is vital to the dynamics of these glaciers. Calving relations for grounded tidewater glaciers have been suggested on empirical grounds but have not been rigorously tested; the calving relations for floating termini are virtually unknown. This, together with the imperfect understanding of basal sliding, inhibits confidence in our understanding of the stability of these glaciers. Columbia Glacier (Alaska) is an instructive example because observations have been made on the major changes in its geometry, calving rate, and dynamics that have occurred in less than 10 years. The calving flux has increased more rapidly than the glacier flux, causing thinning and retreat; as a result, the ice velocity has increased markedly. The short-term velocity changes relate to changes in back pressure (ice recession, tidal changes) and the flux of water injected to the bed. These results have relevance to the mechanisms of basal sliding, glacier surges, and the stability of marine ice streams.
When Do Korsakoff Patients Justify Immoral Behaviors? The Influence of Premorbid Delinquency and Self-Other Perspectives in Moral Decision-Making and Moral Reasoning

Korsakoff’s syndrome (KS) is a chronic neuropsychiatric disorder caused by a vitamin B1 deficiency. KS is characterized by profound amnesia and often accompanied by poor executive functioning, decreased social-cognitive abilities, and difficulties in behavioral regulation. As moral behaviors and attitudes may provide insight in socio-behavioral interactions, the current study aimed to evaluate everyday moral maturity by administering self- versus other-oriented moral dilemmas in a group of KS patients (n = 20) and healthy controls (n = 20). Responses were scored according to the Kohlberg stages of moral reasoning. Furthermore, we assessed premorbid delinquency and current neurocognitive functioning as possible relevant factors. Our results show that KS patients were prone to lower levels of moral maturity when confronted with moral dilemmas relating to themselves, compared to dilemmas relating to (un)personal others in KS patients, while healthy subjects showed an opposite pattern. Moral immaturity could find its origin already before the onset of the KS diagnosis, as suggested by the elevated premorbid levels of delinquent behavior and correlation between premorbid delinquency and moral maturity in KS. Lower moral maturity could therefore be a possible predisposing factor to both delinquency and later development of Korsakoff’s syndrome.
Bed load transport by natural rivers

Since stream power ω and sediment transport rate i are different values of the same physical quantity, namely, the time rate of energy supply and dissipation, it is rational to relate one to the other. The experimental relation has been difficult to interpret because of the spurious curvature of log-log plots in which a constant threshold stream power of zero is involved. The substitution of an excess power ω − ω0 removes this curvature, and existing data on laboratory bed load transport rate measurements ib suggest a general empirical relation: ib ∝ (ω − ω0)[(ω − ω0);0]½. Existing laboratory data have also shown clearly that at any given value of ω − ω0 the bedload transport rate ib decreases as an inverse function of the ratio flow depth to grain size Y/D. The East Fork River (Wyoming) project has recently enabled bed load sampling devices to be calibrated, so reasonably reliable measurements can be made in natural rivers. The uncertainties in the measurement of the corresponding river power are discussed, and a simple data reliability test is suggested. Data covering three seasons collected from both Snake and Clearwater rivers appear to be reliable. Though there is much scatter due to day variations in the river conditions, these data, together with data on an imtermediate scale from East Fork River and on a small laboratory scale, conform with startling consistency to the following general empirical relation: ib/(ω − ω0) ≈ [(ω − ω0)/ω0]½(Y/D)−⅔ over a 2 million-fold range of stream discharge. The degree of consistency of the above empirical relation with the theoretical relation deduced previously (Bagnold, 1973) is discussed, as are also some morphological implications of the dependence of ib on the depth to grain size ratio Y/D.
A Multi-Objective Topology Optimization Methodology Using Deep Learning and Its Application to Electromagnetic Devices

In this article, a multi-objective topology optimization (MOTO) methodology using Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGAII) and convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed. The original NSGAII is improved to achieve better global search ability and uniform distribution of Pareto solutions. And CNN is applied as a surrogate model for finite element analysis (FEA). The framework of the proposed methodology is elaborated. To validate the proposed methodology, it is applied to the TO of an electromagnetic actuator. Numerical results validate the proposed methodology and demonstrate that computational cost of TO can be reduced.
Environmental factors and the yield potential of ancient wheat crops

Abstract A field experiment was set up to test the extent to which variations in the choice of wheat crops in the different regions of Britain during the later prehistoric and early historic periods may have been due to environmental factors. Triticum dicoccum Schubl. , Triticum spelta L. and Triticum compactum Host. were grown at 22 sites across Britain between October 1987 and September 1990. The results indicate that the yields of all three species are affected by certain environmental factors, and that Triticum spelta was higher yielding than Triticum dicoccum , with the exception of certain parts of southern Britain and in particularly warm years. However, these yield×environment interactions did not explain the variations in the choice of wheat crop across Britain. It is suggested that the switch from emmer to spelt wheat may, instead, have been the result of changes in cultivation regime during the period in question.
Just transportation : dismantling race and class barriers to mobility

From Harlem to Los Angeles and the cities in between, this book reveals the distribution of transportation benefits to the wealthy and educated to be disproportionately high compared to people of colour and those at the lower end of the socio-economic spectrum. Essays by a wide range of environmental and transportation activists, lawyers, and scholars trace the historical roots of transportation struggles in US civil rights history from Rosa Parks and the Freedom Riders to modern-day unjust transportation equity are examined, as well as the impact of transportation policy on inner city environments.
The functioning of alpine grassland ecosystems: Climate outweighs plant species richness

The biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationship has received significant attention in recent decades. It has been widely demonstrated that plant diversity plays a crucial role in enhancing the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. However, few studies have tested the influence of plant species richness in mediating the impacts of climate on ecosystem functions at large spatial scales. To address this gap, we utilized data from field surveys across broad climatic gradients at the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, China. Our goal was to examine the importance of plant species richness for the functioning of alpine grassland ecosystems, specifically productivity and soil carbon sequestration. Our results showed strong positive correlations between ecosystem functioning and growing season precipitation as well as species richness. In contrast, there was a negative correlation with growing season temperature. Notably, the positive effect of growing season precipitation on ecosystem functioning outweighed the negative effect of growing season temperature. The indirect effects of growing season precipitation and temperature on ecosystem functioning through changes in species richness were weak. Furthermore, the inclusion of climate factors in the model weakened the relationships between species richness and ecosystem functioning. Synthesis. Our findings demonstrate that climate factors are more important than species richness for the provisioning of ecosystem functions at large spatial scales. In summary, our study underscores the importance of considering climate factors alongside species richness when assessing ecosystem functioning across extensive geographical areas.
A New Divergence Measure for Intuitionistic Fuzzy Matrices

Distance / similarity measures facilitate in decision-making by identifying the discrimination or similarity between two or more course of actions to identify the best decision. Data available in the real world may not be in a crisp format. Intuitionistic fuzzy matrices are applicable managing uncertainty and useful in decision making, relational equation, clustering, etc. To take decision the divergence between two intuitionistic fuzzy matrices identifies dissimilarity between matrices. This paper presents a new divergence measure for intuitionistic fuzzy matrices with the verification of its validity. The fundamental properties are demonstrated for the new intuitionistic fuzzy divergence measure. A technique to solve multi-criteria decision-making problems is developed by utilizing the proposed intuitionistic fuzzy divergence measure. Finally, application in the medical diagnosis of this intuitionistic fuzzy divergence measure to decision making is shown using real data
Electrical impedance measurement of hydrous microcrystalline quartz

High temperature impedance spectra, up to 450 °C, were measured for a microcrystalline quartz aggregate (chalcedony), which initially contained 0.3 wt% of liquid-like water (H2O) dispersed in grain boundaries and fluid inclusions together with 0.3 wt% of hydroxyl (Si-OH) in the crystal structure. Infrared spectra obtained after heating, showed dominant dehydration of liquid-like water, while much hydroxyl remained stable. Electrical conductivities before (wet) and after heating to 450 °C (dry) gave linear Arrhenius relations with apparent activation energies of 11 ± 1 kJ/mol for initial heating of the wet sample versus 32 ± 3 kJ/mol for the subsequently dry sample. Compared with previously reported Arrhenius relations for α-quartz single crystals, our activation energies are much lower, and the absolute conductivities we obtained range from similar values to three orders of magnitude higher. We infer that the presence of grain boundaries and/or triple junctions containing liquidlike water greatly influences the electrical conductivity.
Influence of Demographic Variables on Trust in the Banking Industry

Banks depend on trust. Commercial banks are vital to the economy because they help consumers save, lend, and manage their finances. This research was carried out to learn more about bank workers' faith in trust on a demographic basis. Quantitative data was collected from a sample of 111 individuals through a survey questionnaire. The survey assessed perceptions of trust in commercial banks. The analysis reveals that gender and educational level plays a role in trust and perceptions of leadership Marital status alone does not determine trust and perceptions, as individuals in both married and unmarried groups exhibited a range of opinions. Age and experience also do not influence trust. These findings provide insights into the dynamics of trust and perceptions of leadership. Still, they should be considered within the limitations of the dataset and the influence of other factors like organizational culture
Remotely sensed surface currents in Monterey Bay from shore-based HF radar (Coastal Ocean Dynamics Application Radar)

Near-surface currents in Monterey Bay derived from a network of shore-based HF radars are presented for August–December 1994 and compared with those from April to September 1992. Focus is placed on the low-frequency (2- to 30-day period) motions in the remotely sensed data and on comparison of radar-derived currents with moored current and wind observations, ship-based acoustic Doppler current profiler observations, satellite-based surface temperature imagery, and surface drifter velocities. The radar-derived picture of the late summer mean flow is very similar in the two realizations and is consistent with historical data. Flow is equatorward in the outer part of the bay, poleward in a narrow band nearshore, and very sluggish in the middle of the bay. Low-pass-filtered time series of radar-derived currents are highly correlated with moored current observations and with winds in the outer part of the bay. The vector time series are also coherent across a broad frequency band with currents typically in phase between 1- and 9-m depths and with 1-m currents typically 40°–60° to the right of the wind. Overall, these results confirm the utility of Coastal Ocean Dynamics Applications Radar (CODAR)-type HF radars for the study of coastal surface currents out to ranges ∼50 km from shore, particularly for highly averaged fields. Data variability and comparison with in situ observations for high-frequency (1- to 48-hour period) motions point to the need to better characterize and minimize sources of error in the radar observations.
MCHeart: Multi-Channel-Based Heart Signal Processing Scheme for Heart Noise Detection Using Deep Learning

Simple Summary Cardiovascular disease is a major global health concern. Early detection is vital, with phonocardiograms (PCGs) offering valuable heart sound data, including murmurs. Research automating PCG analysis is growing, addressing challenges like the 2022 PhysioNet Challenge. Our innovation, the MCHeart system, focuses on irregular heart murmurs, combining S1/S2 features, smoothing, and a residual LCNN architecture with multi-head self-attention for enhanced feature extraction. Abstract In this study, we constructed a model to predict abnormal cardiac sounds using a diverse set of auscultation data collected from various auscultation positions. Abnormal heart sounds were identified by extracting features such as peak intervals and noise characteristics during systole and diastole. Instead of using raw signal data, we transformed them into log-mel 2D spectrograms, which were employed as input variables for the CNN model. The advancement of our model involves integrating a deep learning architecture with feature extraction techniques based on existing knowledge of cardiac data. Specifically, we propose a multi-channel-based heart signal processing (MCHeart) scheme, which incorporates our proposed features into the deep learning model. Additionally, we introduce the ReLCNN model by applying residual blocks and MHA mechanisms to the LCNN architecture. By adding murmur features with a smoothing function and training the ReLCNN model, the weighted accuracy of the model increased from 79.6% to 83.6%, showing a performance improvement of approximately 4% point compared to the LCNN baseline model.
Effects of Mannitol and Xylitol on the Quality of Spicy Wheat Gluten Sticks

The present study sought to evaluate the effects and mechanisms of mannitol and xylitol on the regeneration of spicy wheat gluten sticks (SWGSs) through texture profile analysis (TPA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR). The rate constant of crystallization and the relative degree of crystallinity of SWGS substantially reduced with polyols addition after 4 weeks of storage at 4°C. The peaks near 3385 cm−1 and 1081 cm−1 in FTIR of SWGS became wider with the addition of mannitol and xylitol, indicating that mannitol and xylitol formed hydrogen bonds by binding to wheat starch. The DSC experiment results showed that the addition of mannitol and xylitol could reduce the Tp and ΔH of SWGS powder effectively under different storage times. The NMR results showed that the water in SWGS was mainly immobile water, and the addition of mannitol and xylitol could increase the content of bound water and immobile water in SWGS and reduce the water migration. These results provided deeper insights into the action mechanism of mannitol and xylitol in delaying the quality change of starch products during storage, thereby providing a reference for inhibiting SWGS regeneration. Therefore, it could be inferred that improving the quality of SWGS by adding polyol might have significant application prospects in the food industry.