Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ProgLIMI: Programmable LInk Metric Identification in Software-Defined Networks

In this paper, we propose the Programmable LInk Metric Identification (ProgLIMI) infrastructure for software-defined networking (SDN) networks. ProgLIMI identifies round-trip link metrics (RTLMs) from accumulated end-to-end metrics of selected measurement paths by leveraging the flexible routing control capability of SDN networks. ProgLIMI mainly solves three sub-problems: 1) monitor placement; 2) linearly independent measurement path construction; and 3) flow rule design. To reduce measurement cost, ProgLIMI tries to minimize the number of required monitors and flow rules. In this paper, we address the three sub-problems for both full and hybrid SDN networks. For full SDN networks, ProgLIMI can achieve full RTLM identification using only one monitor and two flow rules in each SDN switch. In contrast, the RTLM identification in hybrid SDN networks is more complicated due to the routing constraint of hybrid SDN networks. We first prove that the monitor placement problem in hybrid SDN networks is NP-hard. We then formulate the monitor placement and measurement path selection problem in hybrid SDN networks and propose a greedy heuristic algorithm to solve the problem efficiently. Our evaluations on both physical testbed and simulation platform reveal that ProgLIMI can accurately identify the RTLMs (delay and loss rate). Besides, ProgLIMI is also resource efficient, i.e., it only requires two flow rules in each SDN switch and a small number of monitors, and the extra probing traffic load incurred by ProgLIMI is also low.
Effects of oxyethylated glycerol cryoprotectants on phase transitions of DPPC model membranes

N. A. Kasian1, A. O. Krasnikova1, O. V. Vashchenko1, L. N. Lisetski1, A. V. Zinchenko2, A. M. Kompaniets2, M. V. Ratushna3 1 Institute for Scintillation Materials, NAS of Ukraine 60, Lenin Ave., Kharkiv, Ukraine, 61001 2 Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine, NAS of Ukraine 23, Pereyaslovska Str. , Kharkiv, Ukraine, 61015 3 Institute of Neurology, Psychiatry and Narcology, NAMS of Ukraine 46, Akademika Pavlova Str. , Kharkiv, Ukraine, 61068 kasian@isma.kharkov. ua
A Reconsideration of the Risk Sensitivity of U.S. Banking Organization Subordinated Debt Spreads: A Sample Selection Approach

The authors estimate a sample selection model over three distinct regulatory \\"regimes\\" when the treatment of bank bondholders (in the event of bank failures) differed substantially. They then estimate their selection model to test the strength of bond market discipline over these three regulatory regimes, finding that bank bond spreads are positively associated with bank risk measures during all three regimes, even during the too-big-to-fail period.
Carbonate Stone: Chemical Behaviour, Durability and Conservation

Over the years, many articles but very few books have been published on stone decay and conservation. In the last decade, however, several books have appeared, some as proceedings of international conferences, others as handbooks or general treatises. The latter are particularly useful as they deal with all the problems concerning a certain topic from A to Z, from fundamental principles to actual putting into practice. Whenever we see one of these books, we wonder: 'Do I really need this book, or will it just tell me what I already know? '. The book by Gauri and Bandyopadhayay is certainly not a duplicate of any other book, nor is it an abridged or enlarged version of volumes which have become classics. It is not a handbook with a collection of, and comment on, all the viewpoints and basic results in the literature. This book is different. It summarizes the vast experience of Gauri and his collaborators, with special reference to three major case studies: the Great Sphinx, the Taj Mahal, the Erecteum. It collects results which have been previously published in articles or given in Gauri's lessons on conservation technology at the University of Louisville, and his ideas. Obviously it is proper to have one's own ideas and to order them into a book, but it is restricting to limit oneself to this. From the reader's point of view, for the sake of completeness, it would also be nice to find other current theories reported and commented upon (if upheld by experimental evidence), with perhaps an explanation of why the authors do or do not agree with the hypotheses. Before actually looking at the book, we need to
Exploring regularities in software with statistical models and their applications

Software systems are becoming popular. They are used with di erent platforms for di erent applications. Software systems are developed with support from programming languages, which help developers work conveniently. Programming languages can have di erent paradigms with di erent form, syntactic structures, keywords, representation ways. In many cases, however, programming languages are similar in di erent important aspects: 1. They are used to support description of speci c tasks, 2. Source codes are written in languages and includes a limit set of distinctive tokens, many tokens are repeated like keywords, function calls, and 3. They follow speci c syntactic rules to make machine understanding. Those points also re ect the similarity between programming language and natural language. Due to its critical role in many applications, natural language processing (NLP) has been studied much and given many promising results like automatic cross-language translation, speech-to-text, information searching, etc. It is interesting to observe if there are similar characteristics between natural language and programming language and whether techniques in NLP can be reused for programming language processing? Recent works in software engineering (SE) shows that their similarities between NLP and programming language processing and techniques in NLP can be reused for PLP. This dissertation introduces my works with contributions in study of characteristics of programming languages, the models which employed them and the main applications that show the usefulness of the proposed models. Study in both three aspects has draw interests from software engineering community and received awards due to their innovation and applicability I hope that this dissertation will bring a systematic view of how advantage techniques in natural language processing and machine learning can be re-used and give huge bene t for programming language processing, and how those techniques are adapted with characteristics of programming language and software systems.
NEW LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS FOR WRITING : INTELLIGENT TUTORING SYSTEMS

s of which were examined. After considering the inclusion criteria, 98% were excluded, with a total of 6 empirical studies being obtained. Figure 1 shows the flow chart representing the procedure followed in the literature search. The description of the studies is detailed below according to the purpose of the system: a) designed to instruct and support the writing process (n = 4); b) designed to instruct in specific writing skills (e.g., summarizing, argument and counter-argument or creative writing) (n = 2). ITS designed to instruct in the writing process Holdich and Chung (2003) implemented a smart tutor, Harry, with elementary school students to provide instruction in higher order processes. Harry is based on an expert writing model that imparts knowledge about different subprocesses; brainstorming, planning, composition, proofreading-editing, offering scaffolding during each of the tasks. Using the ‘What’s next? ’ strategy the student builds the narrative step by step. The posttest results showed that the students who used Harry wrote better stories and used a proofreading process characteristic of mature writers. In the study by Rowley and Meyer (2003), the LUCIA RODRÍGUEZ MÁLAGA, CELESTINO RODRÍGUEZ PÉREZ AND RAQUEL FIDALGO REDONDO
Anxiety-related Bias in the Classification of Emotionally Ambiguous Facial Expressions

High- and low-trait socially anxious individuals classified the emotional expressions of photographic quality continua of interpolated ("morphed") facial images that were derived from combining 6 basic prototype emotional expressions to various degrees, with the 2 adjacent emotions arranged in an emotion hexagon. When fear was 1 of the 2 component emotions, the high-trait group displayed enhanced sensitivity for fear. In a 2nd experiment where a mood manipulation was incorporated, again, the high-trait group exhibited enhanced sensitivity for fear. The low-trait group was sensitive for happiness in the control condition. The moodmanipulated group had increased sensitivity for anger expressions, and trait anxiety did not moderate these effects. Interpretations of the results related to the classification of fearful expressions are discussed.
Neurolinguistic Approaches to Aphasia

The field of neurolinguistics was born in the 1960s in the context of the growth of multidisciplinary endeavors. It was pre­ ceded by a re-emergence of the idea of the biologic basis of language, the idea that language is an inherent capacity of hu­ mans, like vision or hearing. Neurolinguis­ tics developed from the belief that an adequate understanding of language de­ pends upon correlating information from a variety of fields concerned with the struc­ ture and function of both language and the brain. Underlying this belief is the as­ sumption that speech and language are neural processes that are amenable to analysis, using the techniques of both lin­ guistics and the neurosciences. With this set of assumptions, neurolinguistics took as its primary goal the definition of the relationship between the capacity for language and the functional organization of the human brain. It is assumed that the structure of language reflects the neural organization of the brain. This relationship is most clearly illustrated in the likenesses that exist in very differing language systems— in other words, language universals or constraints on the storage and organiza­ tion of the linguistic system. Undoubtedly, these universals reflect constraints on human perceptual processing systems and on cognitive capacities. Other generaliza­ tions can be made about specific lan­ guages, and these should be based on neurological facts as well. However, given the present state of our knowledge in both linguistics and the neurosciences, attempts to correlate linguistic and neural facts are usually ill conceived, beyond the rather general observation that a lesion in a par­ ticular part of the nervous system typically produces a certain type of language be­ havior. Nevertheless, careful descriptions of aphasic language from populations that have been adequately evaluated neurologically and that are well controlled for var­ iables such as site of lesion and handedness should bring us closer to understanding language in the brain. The last decade has witnessed a dra­ matic extension of the scope of neurolin­ guistics, which was originally restricted to investigations of the oral language of adult aphasic patients. The populations studied now include aphasic children, patients with lesions in the nondominant hemisphere, split-brain patients, hemispherectomized patients, demented patients, and the el­ derly. The communicative behaviors stud­ ied now include modalities other than oral—written language and gestural language—and connected language as well as isolated words and sentences. In addi­ tion, the methodology of testing, based primarily on standardized tests in the 1960s, has been supplemented by a battery of experimental nonstandardized tests and metalinguistic tasks that attempt to tap not only overt language structures but also mechanisms underlying particular linguis­ tic behaviors. This broadening of the scope of neurolinguistics reflects the newer view that aphasia is more properly a distur­ bance of language process than a distur­ bance of language output. As a result, analysis and classification of impaired out-
The Graded Cycling Test Combined With the Talk Test Is Reliable for Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease

PURPOSE: To assess relative reliability and measurement error of the Graded Cycling Test (GCT) with the Talk Test (TT) for patients with cardiac disease. METHODS: Patients (N = 64; women, n = 30) with ischemic heart disease performed the GCT with the TT twice in 1 day. Every minute the patient recited a text passage of 30 words. The question “Are you still able to speak comfortably? ” was then answered: “Yes” (TT+), “Not sure” (TT±), or “No” (TT−). Two physiotherapists (PTs) rated when the speaking ability was affected by ventilation. Relative reliability: intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)2.1 and absolute reliability: standard error of measurement with 95% CI (SEM95) and smallest real difference (SRD) were calculated. RESULTS: Intraclass correlation coefficient values of 0.90, 0.91, and 0.90 were observed for TT+, TT±, and TT−, respectively. Physiotherapist ICCs ranged between 0.81 and 0.88. SEM95 ranged between 17.2 and 18.3 watts (W), with corresponding SRD values between 24.4 and 25.9 W for the patient ratings. The PT ratings ranged between 15.8 and 21.4 W (SEM95) and between 22.3 and 30.3 W (SRD). CONCLUSIONS: The TT, combined with the GCT, was well tolerated by patients with cardiac disease in clinical settings with small measurement error and an excellent relative reliability. These results apply to both patient-rated and PT-rated TT.
Total Sialic Acid (TSA) Level as a Tumor Marker in the Diagnosis of Oral Cancer

Worldwide, the oral cancer accounts for 2%–4% of all cancers. The prevalence of oral cancer is higher, reaching to 10% of all cancers in Pakistan.More than 95% of carcinomas of oral cavity are of squamous cell type in nature. Oral cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Southeast Asian countries because more than 600 million people chew areca nut and its products like pan, gutka, panmasala etc. worldwide and 85% of these live in Southeast Asian countries. Therefore oral cancer is a major health problem and cause of death in developing countries. Other etiological factors are; Tobacco and lime chewing; Tobacco related habits, smoking, Alcohol consumption, Nutritional deficiencies, exposure to Sunlight and other miscellaneous factors. Early detection of lesions in the oral cavity is very important because there are more chances of treatment outcomes which will reduce the rate of morbidity and mortality. In this respect tumor markers are very important because they help in the screening, diagnosis and prognosis in monitoring the response of the disease to the treatment. Tumor markers are naturally occurring or modified molecules and can be measured in serum, plasma and other body fluids like saliva.In presence of cancer their concentration may be changed. Substances changing quantitatively in the serum during tumerogenesis are collectively called tumor markers or biomarkers. Actually, a biomarker is synthesized by the tumor and released into circulation in large quantities.In oral cancer various biomarkers have been studied and one of such markers is Sialic Acid (SA). Sialic acid is an acetylated derivative of neuraminic acid. It is attached to the non-reducing residue of the carbohydrate chain of glycoproteins and glycolipids.SA is a glycoprotein component of cell membrane which is synthesized in liver and it exists in conjugated form on the external surface of cell membrane. Altered glycosylation of glycoconjugate is one of the important molecular changes in the malignant transformation. Considering the high prevalence of oral malignancy in Pakistan, present study was conducted to evaluate serum TSA levels in different grades of oral cancer patients and also to validate its importance as a tumor marker in oral cancer patients. ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Characterization of an upstream regulatory element of adenovirus L1 poly (A) site

The transition from early to late stage infection by adenovirus involves a change in mRNA expression from the adenovirus major late transcription unit (AdMLTU). This early to late switch centers around alternative selection of one of five poly (A) sites (L1–L5) that code for the major structural proteins of Adenovirus. During the early stage of infection, steady state mRNA is primarily derived from the L1 poly (A) site. During the late stage of infection, each of the MLTU poly (A) sites is represented in the steady state mRNA pool (Falck-Pedersen, E., Logan, J., 1989. Regulation of poly(A) site selection in adenovirus. J. Virol. 63 (2), 532–541. ). Using transient transfection of a plasmid expressing Chloramphenicol Acetyl Transferase with a tandem poly (A) minigene system (L13) (DeZazzo, J.D., Falck-Pedersen, E., Imperiale, M.J., 1991. Sequences regulating temporal poly(A) site switching in the adenovirus major late transcription unit. Mol. Cell. Biol. 11 (12), 5977–5984; Prescott, J., Falck-Pedersen, E. , 1994. Sequence elements upstream of the 3Vcleavage site confer substrate strength to the adenovirus L1 and L3 polyadenylation sites. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14 (7), 4682–4693. ), it has been demonstrated that the promoter-proximal L1 poly (A) site which is poorly recognized by the 3V end processing machinery, contains an upstream repressor element (URE) that influences steady state levels of mRNA (Prescott, J.C., Liu, L., Falck-Pedersen, E., 1997. Sequence-mediated regulation of adenovirus gene expression by repression of mRNA accumulation. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17 (4), 2207–2216. ). In this study, we have further characterized the elements that mediate L1URE function. These studies indicate that the L1 upstream regulatory element (L1 URE) contains a complex RNA architecture that serves to repress gene expression through multiple sub-effectors. The L1URE functions when located upstream of a heterologous poly (A) site, and is able to strongly suppress steady state mRNA expression from the MLTU L3 poly (A) site or the murine hglobin poly (A) site. In the tandem L13 mini-gene system, the L1URE is revealed to influence steady state mRNA stability, and subdomains within L1URE influence both gene expression and the steady state ratio of transcripts processed at proximal versus distal poly (A) sites. Transcript and gene repression mediated by the L1URE may provide a general strategy employed by adenovirus to block premature expression of late stage MLTU transcripts. D 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Deep Metallic Surface Defect Detection: The New Benchmark and Detection Network

Metallic surface defect detection is an essential and necessary process to control the qualities of industrial products. However, due to the limited data scale and defect categories, existing defect datasets are generally unavailable for the deployment of the detection model. To address this problem, we contribute a new dataset called GC10-DET for large-scale metallic surface defect detection. The GC10-DET dataset has great challenges on defect categories, image number, and data scale. Besides, traditional detection approaches are poor in both efficiency and accuracy for the complex real-world environment. Thus, we also propose a novel end-to-end defect detection network (EDDN) based on the Single Shot MultiBox Detector. The EDDN model can deal with defects with different scales. Furthermore, a hard negative mining method is designed to alleviate the problem of data imbalance, while some data augmentation methods are adopted to enrich the training data for the expensive data collection problem. Finally, the extensive experiments on two datasets demonstrate that the proposed method is robust and can meet accuracy requirements for metallic defect detection.
Checklist of the Liverworts and Hornworts of New Caledonia1

Abstract The present checklist of the liverworts and hornworts of New Caledonia is a sequel to the recent catalogue of the mosses and accepts 464 species and 18 infraspecific taxa, in 104 genera and 39 families. In addition, 32 species are doubtful records of New Caledonia and 52 species are excluded. The hepatic flora of New Caledonia is more similar to that of Indomalesia than of Australasia, which may be explained by the predominantly tropical climate of New Caledonia. The composition of the flora is considered the result of a long history of dispersal and speciation events since 37 Ma. Endemism of liverworts and hornworts of New Caledonia is between 13% (confirmed endemics, treated in recent revision or monographs) and 39% (confirmed and potential endemics). The latter figure is the same as for mosses. One genus of liverworts, Meinungeria (Lepidoziaceae), is endemic to New Caledonia. Cheilolejeunea xanthocarpa, Mastigolejeunea indica and Microlejeunea lunulatiloba are reported as new to New Caledonia. The new name Cololejeunea aurantia (Tixier) Thouvenot comb. nov. (for Jovetastella aurantia Tixier) is proposed. Mastigobryum integristipulum Steph. ex Paris and Mastigobryum luxurians Steph. ex Paris are new synonyms of Bazzania vittata (Gottsche) Trevis. , Chiloscyphus longifissus Steph. ex Paris is reduced to a synonym of Heteroscyphus grandiflorus (Steph.) Hürl. and Eulejeunea aloba Steph. ex Paris is referred to Lejeunea alobifolia HA. Mill.
Phytoplankton periodicity: the interactions of form, function and environmental variability

SUMMARY. 1. This review considers the periodic cycles of species dominance in a wide selection of temperate lakes. By ascribing individual species to assemblages, a high incidence of similarity among periodic cycles is demonstrated. Reference to lakes at high and low latitudes, as well as to rivers, shows conformity to parts of the same broad patterns. 2. The role of population dynamics in shaping community structure is emphasized. Two types of change are recognized: autogenic, undirectional subsequences (successions), regulated by specific responses to critically changing resource-ratio gradients; and allogenic changes, regulated by variability in the physical environment. 3. Analysis of the responses of representative species to allogenic change permits further grouping of the assemblages. These groupings coincide with clear morphological distinctions among the same phytoplankton species according to their unit sizes and surface area/volume ratios. 4. It is argued that these properties condition the physiological responses of algae to seasonal variations in temperature, mixing and exposure to the underwater light field. The responses are compounded by relative resistances to loss processes (sinking, grazing), by short-term photosynthetic adaptation and vertical migratory behaviour. 5. Graphical summaries are presented that relate the morphologically-, physiologically- and behaviourally-mediated responses to a hierarchy of physical, chemical and biotic environmental variables. Phytoplankton periodicity is the outcome of these interactions.