Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A study of receptors in jaw muscles of the rat and other vertebrates

The masseteric nerve supplying rat deep masseter muscle was traced from serial paraffin sections. The number of myelinated axons counted in a plastic transverse section close to its entrance into the muscle was 2120. Extrafusal muscle fibre counts of rat deep masseter (71,400 fibres) and anterior digastric (5,400 fibres) muscles have been performed and were found to be 2 to 3 times higher than Hiiemae's count (1971). The number of muscle spindles in deep masseter ranged from 86 to 134 and were mostly distributed in an anterior cluster. Using glyoxylic acid-induced fluorescence, the extrafusal muscle fibres of deep masseter and anterior digastric muscles were found to be adrenergically innervated, in the respective proportions of 40% and 55%. It was found that some spindle capsules (about one third) received such innervation at their equatorial region. According to histo- eind immunohistochemical reactions, the masseter muscle is uniformly composed of type IIA fibres, except for a small number of slow oxidative fibres which were restricted to spindle-cluster areas. Three types of intrafusal muscle fibre similar to those in rat hindlimb muscle were recognized. The morphology of muscle spindles in deep masseter muscle was studied with light microscopy using serial plastic sections. The number of intrafusal muscle fibres was found to range from 2 to 7, usually one bag(_1), one bagg(_2) and 2-5 chain fibres. The lengths and diameters of the intrafusal muscle fibres and the capsules were obtained. The length of spindles ranged from 950 to 4000 µm and that of capsules from 400 to 2600 µm. The innervation of anterior cluster muscle spindles in deep masseter muscle and spindles in some hindlimb muscles of the rat was studied in teased, silver impregnated material. Analysis of the sensory innervation revealed the following unusual or unique features: a high number of afferents (1-6) innervating the sensory region of each spindle; some la axons branched to supply primary endings to two bagj fibres in two separate spindles; some other la axons branched to supply primary and secondary endings in the same spindle; and some group II axons branched to supply two secondary endings in the same spindle. Some motor axons were found to be branched to supply small end plates to bagi fibres of some spindles in the anterior cluster, and therefore it is concluded here that some cluster spindles in deep masseter muscle receive dynamic β innervation. A comparative study of the occurrence of muscle spindles in jaw- closing muscles of other vertebrates revealed that they are present in frog and absent from newt and salmon.
On the universality of inversion-layer mobility in n- and p-channel MOSFETs

The authors report studies on the inversion-layer mobility in n- and p-channel MOSFETs with 10/sup 15/ to 10 /sup 18/ cm/sup -3/ substrate impurity concentrations. The validity and limitations of the universal relationship between the inversion-layer mobility and the effective normal field (E/sub eff/) were examined. Differences have been found in E/sub eff/ dependence between electron and hole mobility. A marked deviation from the universal curve due to substrate impurity scattering has been observed at low carrier concentration. The results suggest that by adding a term for the surface roughness scattering and the deviation due to Coulomb scattering to the universal curves, a more accurate description of inversion-layer mobilities can be realized over a wide range of substrate impurity concentration. The mobility degradation caused by carrier injection also has been studied. <<ETX>>
Urdhva Tiryak Sutra Based Ancient Multiplication in Reversible Logic Circuits

The proposed work analyses the employment of an ancient mathematical approach for building an arithmetic logic unit. Dissipation of power is one of the major driving issues in VLSI design. With the assistance of reversible gates, the power dissipation and loss of information can be minimized. The speed and accuracy of the Arithmetic Logic Unit depends on the propagator. Employing the traditional mathematics sutras technique within the computation algorithm reduces the complexity, duration and power. Due to the effect of environmental factors on the digital circuits, parity conserving technique is incorporated for providing error detection ability. The proposed work deal with the design and analysis of 32 bit reversible multiplier using ancient sutras with and without parity conserving technique . The planned work is implemented on Xilinx ISE Spartan 6E series of FPGA and simulation results are obtained. By using Cadence EDA tool, power, area and delay are calculated. The quantum parameters are calculated manually for 32-bit reversible multiplier using ancient technique with and without parity conserving technique using Urdhva Tiryakbhyam sutra.
An Inverter Fed with Combined Wind-Solar Energy System using CUK-SEPIC Converter

Environmentally friendly solutions are becoming more prominent than ever as a result of concern regarding the state of our deteriorating planet. This paper presents an inverter fed with combination of two energy systems (wind, solar) using CUK-SEPIC converter. This configuration allows the two sources to supply the inverter separately or simultaneously depending on the availability of the energy sources. The inherent nature of this CUK-SEPIC fused converter, additional input filters are not necessary to filter out high frequency harmonics. Harmonic content is detrimental for the generator lifespan, heating issues, and efficiency. The fused multi-input rectifier stage also allows Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) to be used to extract maximum power from the wind and sun when it is available. An adaptive MPPT algorithm will be used for the wind system and a standard perturb and observe method will be used for the PV system. Operational analysis of the proposed system will be discussed in this paper. Simulation results are given to highlight the merits of the proposed circuit Keywords-MPPT -maximum power tracking, Inverter, CUK-SEPIC converter
The potential role of B5: A stitch in time and switch in cytokine

The wound healing process is a multifaceted sequence of activities associated with tissue restoration. Novel approaches for the perfection of wound healing have been determined as a stitch in time saves nine. Dysregulation of the immune response is a key element in the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases and serves as a potential target for novel therapeutic strategies. Vitamin B5 (VB5), also known as pantothenate or “anti‐stress vitamin,” is the precursor of coenzyme A, which is essential in every micro‐organism. Many pantothenic acid amides acquire persuasive antimicrobial activity. Pantothenic acid improves surgical wounds healing with moisturizing and skin barrier enhancing potential. Its deficiency leads to reduced cortisol production, increased arthritic pain, myalgia, fatigue, headache, depression, insomnia, and widespread “proinflammatory” effects on the immune‐system. VB5 triggers immune cells to produce cytokines and is multifunctional. The paradoxical effect of VB5 on the switch of anti‐inflammatory and proinflammatory cytokines has been revealed. This review aims to present the long research journey of B5 as it is becoming a forerunner in the healing of wounds and in enhancing the immune function, thus providing potentially important therapeutic implications. As its role in healing a wound stitch is promising, amending the immune system damage too is a hopeful target.
Density functional theory calculations of large systems: Interplay between fragments, observables, and computational complexity

In the past decade, developments of computational technology around density functional theory (DFT) calculations have considerably increased the system sizes which can be practically simulated. The advent of robust high performance computing algorithms which scale linearly with system size has unlocked numerous opportunities for researchers. This fact enables computational physicists and chemists to investigate systems of sizes which are comparable to systems routinely considered by experimentalists, leading to collaborations with a wide range of techniques and communities. This has important consequences for the investigation paradigms which should be applied to reduce the intrinsic complexity of quantum mechanical calculations of many thousand atoms. It becomes important to consider portions of the full system in the analysis, which have to be identified, analyzed, and employed as building‐blocks from which decomposed physico‐chemical observables can be derived. After introducing the state‐of‐the‐art in the large scale DFT community, we will illustrate the emerging research practices in this rapidly expanding field, and the knowledge gaps which need to be bridged to face the stimulating challenge of the simulation of increasingly realistic systems.
A content and contextual comparison of contemporary leadership approaches with specific reference to ethical and servant leadership : an imperative for service delivery and good governance

Hierdie artikel stel 'n konsepsuele model voor wat die noodsaaklikheid van etiese leierskap beklemtoon, ten einde 'n etiese klimaat en 'n sterk etiese kultuur in die openbare sektor te vestig. Die model berus op twee fundamentele eietydse leierskap benaderings wat noodsaaklik is vir die vestiging van 'n etiese klimaat en 'n sterk etiese kultuur om sodoende effektiewe dienslewering en etiese owerheidshandelinge in die openbare sektor te verwesenlik. Dit blyk dat die onlangse opstande oor swak dienslewering op plaaslike owerheidsfeer nie net die gevolg is van onbevoegde amptenare nie, maar die resultaat is van 'n gebrek aan etiese leierskap en etiese handelinge deur openbare amptenare. In die artikel word aandag aan bepaalde wetgewing en aanverwante beleide verleen wat etiese gedrag en doeltreffende dienslewering beklemtoon. Daarna word bepaalde eietydse leierskapbenaderings met spesifieke verwysing na etiese leierskap, en leierskap van diensbaarheid, sowel as die ontwikkeling van etiese leierskapsvaardighede in die openbare sektor in oenskou geneem.
The Academician Profiles of Maritime Higher Education Institutions in Turkey

One of the most important missions of maritime educational institutions is to educate the qualified labor force meeting the international maritime manpower market needs. For that purpose in Turkey, the number of educational institutions providing manpower to the maritime industry has been rapidly increased in the last decade. Concordantly, there have been a lot of investments in laboratories, classrooms and simulators in order to enable sufficient training. Despite of all these aforesaid developments, the most important issue, instructor or academicians with maritime background, was neglected. Now, Academicians have become the most important human capital. This capital cannot be created immediately yet it can be brought into existence within a long period of time. Without this capital is not possible to train qualified seafarers, to survive in the maritime industry. The aim of this study is to determine the profiles of the maritime higher education institutions in Turkey, their capacities and profiles of the academicians with maritime background employed in such institutions. During the study, structured interview questions have been used. Data collected was obtained through official sources. Maritime higher education institutions providing education at the undergraduate level with full-time employed academicians (with maritime background) have been evaluated via the data obtained using the methods of statistical analysis.
Regioselective Mono and Homo/hetero Dihalogenation of the Benzothioxanthene Monoimide

Through the preparation and characterization of five new derivatives, the regioselective mono and di, homo and hetero, halogenation of the benzothioxanthene (BTXI) core is demonstrated herein. All structurally solved by X-ray crystallography, these complementary functionalized building blocks open doors to the design of new symmetrical and asymmetrical π-conjugated systems based on this promising but still under-explored rylene.
The Simplicity Assumption and Some Implications of the Simulation Argument for our Civilization

According to the most common interpretation of the simulation argument, we are very likely to live in an ancestor simulation. It is interesting to ask if some families of simulations are more likely than others inside the space of all simulations. We argue that a natural probability measure is given by computational complexity: easier simulations are more likely to be run. Remarkably this allows us to extract experimental predictions from the fact that we live in a simulation. For instance we show that it is very likely that humanity will not achieve interstellar travel and that humanity will not meet other intelligent species in the universe, in turn explaining the Fermi's Paradox. On the opposite side, experimental falsification of any of these predictions would constitute evidence against our reality being a simulation.
Open traffic systems - an extensible middleware for distributed traffic management systems

Public bodies in the role of buyers and operators of traffic management systems are bound to public tendering laws stipulating a competition for the system procurement to benefit from cost reduction and new features. This situation results in manufacturer-mixed systems and distributed system architectures. Communication protocols are one of the key enablers for successful deployment of such systems. Traffic management systems with their long lifecycles impose special demands on extensibility and adaptability of communication protocols. In this paper a middleware as one essential element of such distributed communication architectures will be described. The overall concept is called Open Traffic Systems (OTS). For the covering abstract see ITRD E140665.
The Effects of Oil Palm Fronds Silage Supplemented with Urea-Calcium Hydroxide on Rumen Fermentation and Nutrient Digestibility of Thai Native-Anglo Nubian Goats

This study aimed to examine the combined effects of urea and calcium hydroxide ensiled oil palm fronds on rumen fermentation and digestibility of Thai native-Anglo Nubian goats. A 4 × 4 Latin square design was used to randomly assign four male crossbred goats (Thai native × Anglo Nubian). The dietary treatments were as follows: ensiled oil palm frond with no additives (EOPF as the control), urea 5% (50 g/kg fresh matter) (E-UOPF 5%), calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) 5% (50 g/kg fresh matter) (E-CaOPF 5%), and combination of urea 2.5% (25 g/kg fresh matter) with Ca(OH)2 (25 g/kg fresh matter) (E-UCOPF 2.5%). The oil palm frond ensiled with different additives did not change the DM intake (p > 0.05). The total TMR intakes range from 69.39 to 77.09 g/kg BW0.75. The goats fed with E-UOPF 5.0% consumed significantly more CP than the other groups (p < 0.05). The E-UCOPF increased ME intake by 4.8%, compared with the control treatment (p < 0.05). E-UOPF 5% and E-UCOPF 2.5% significantly increased the CP digestibility by 19.7% and 17.1%, respectively (p < 0.05). Furthermore, E-CaOPF 5.0% and E-UCOPF 2.5% improved the NDF digestibility by about 10.9% and 9.90%, respectively (p < 0.05). The urea-containing oil palm frond (E-UOPF 5.0% and E-UCOPF 2.5%) had higher blood urea nitrogen (BUN) than the other groups (p < 0.05). The TVFA of goats fed E-UCOPF 2.5% was approximately 15.8% higher than that of goats provide EOPF (p < 0.05). The mean concentration of C3 increased by 7.90% and 11.61%, respectively, when E-CaOPF 5.0% and E-UCOPF 2.5% were provided instead of EOPF (p < 0.05). The total N intake and absorbed were highest (p < 0.05) when goats offered E-UOPF 5.0% (p < 0.05). The goats fed oil palm frond without additives had the lowest percentage of N-absorption/N intake (p < 0.05). This study clearly shows that the most suitable treatment is E-UCOPF 2.5%, which enhances DMD, nutrient digestibility, TVFAs, and nitrogen balance and has no negative effects on rumen microbes. This indicates that E-UCOPF 2.5% may be utilized as an alternate roughage source in TMR diets, accounting for at least 40% of the OPF. However, several factors still require consideration for urea-Ca(OH)2 treatments to be successful, including other concentrations of urea, moisture content, duration of pre-treatment, and the metabolizable protein system.
EFFECTS OF DECELERATION AND RATE OF DECELERATION ON LIVE SEATED HUMAN SUBJECTS

This paper describes the testing of seated human subjects to determine the maximum deceleration and associated rate of change of deceleration (jerk) at which the majority of potential users of automated-guideway-transportation systems will remain securely in their seats. The subjects underwent various levels of deceleration and associated jerk in an instrument vehicle while seated normally (forward facing); sideways (turned 90 deg counterclockwise from the direction of travel); and normally, but tilted backward (facing forward, but with the entire seat tilted 5 deg backward). The subjects also underwent various levels of jerk (seated normally only). Two groups of subjects were chosen to represent the anthropometric extremes of potential passengers: males larger than 95 percent of the male population and females smaller than all but 5 percent of the female population. Estimates based on these tests of the maximum permissible emergency deceleration are 0.47 g for forward-facing, seated passengers and 0.41 g for side-facing, seated passengers. Tilting the entire seat assembly back 5 deg increased the estimated maximum permissible deceleration to 0.52 g.
CELL PHONE USE WHILE DRIVING IN NORTH CAROLINA

This study explored several dimensions of the growing trend of talking on the cell phone while driving. It did so by (1) reviewing the recent research - epidemiological studies; case analyses of cell phone related crashes; and driver performance studies; (2) reporting on recent legislative activity regarding the use of cell phones while driving; (3) analyzing data from an observational study of "who, what, when and how many" of cell phone use while driving in North Carolina; (4) pilot testing the use of a supplemental data form by the N.C. Highway Patrol to report additional information on crashes where the use of a cell phone by the driver was indicated by the investigating officer.
Context-based Machine Translation of English-Hindi using CE-Encoder

: The difficulty in obtaining accurate word alignment and determining a target word that is the best candidate for a source context in machine translation leads to different translations. In this study, we propose a method with a more accurate context model. Our Neural Machine Translation (NMT) approach focuses on the encoder to apprehend the meaning of source sentences for improved translation. The recurrent encoder works by taking into consideration the history and future information of the source context. In this study, we implement the proposed approach into three steps. Firstly, we learn the representation of future context in advance. Secondly, a context-based recurrent encoder called as CE-Encoder with two-level Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) is used. In this, the bottom-level GRU gathers history data of a sentence and top-level GRU assembles future data information. Finally, the future learned context and the history information from the opposite direction is integrated. The distinguishing factor of the proposed framework from the existing models, specifically Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Network (BiRNN) is that, the current models have not spent substantial time and capacity in learning future context or disambiguating source and target words based on the context which is defined by source sentence. We conduct experiments on the datasets from ILCC and CFILT for the English-Hindi language pair. From the comparative evaluation, we observed that the proposed model outperforms the Bidirectional RNN encoder in terms of translation quality. The proposed model has shown the improvement of 7 Bleu points using the ILCC dataset and 9 points using the CFILT dataset over BiRNN.
Reliable, Low-delay Communication in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks consist of tiny computers embedded into an environment which can monitor almost anything - such as light, motion, proximity, temperature, biometrics and chemical substances. Actuators conjoined to sensor networks can be used not only to sense the environment, but also to interact with it. Such a design is used to develop automatic control systems, ex. a production line in a factory. These systems are delay critical and demand high reliability. Hence wireless sensor networks incorporated into such systems must provide su-cient reliability as well as low delay communication. However, wireless sensors possess power-constrained radios. Furthermore, wireless communication is expensive in terms of power consumption. Wireless link conditions are often harsh, unpredictable and vary considerably in both space, and time. Wireless sensor networks are formed by multi-hop wireless meshes. Consequently, the communication in wireless sensor networks lacks the required reliability, and often exhibits long communication delays. This Master's thesis investigates about the development of a reliable, and low end-to-end delay data collection scheme for wireless sensor networks. The approach is to decrease the number of retransmissions for a packet at the data link layer in order to decrease the end-to-end delay. However, a decrease in the number of retransmissions for a packet leads to lower reliability. In order to compensate for the reliability suered, an erasure coding scheme, and a multipath routing paradigm are investigated. Accordingly, the thesis focuses on an implementation, and evaluation of an e-cient combination of fountain coding, braided multi-path routing, and proportionally fair packet scheduling. The thesis concludes that fountain coding in combination with braided multipath routing and proportionally fair packet scheduling is an e-cient solution for a wireless sensor network with high loss rates.
Developpement des methodes de mesures en hyperfrequences sur tranches de silicium et application a la caracterisation des technologies cmos et bicmos sub-microniques

La reduction spectaculaire des dimensions des transistors bipolaires et mosfet en technologies cmos et bicmos s'est accompagnee d'une croissance des densites d'integration et surtout d'une augmentation tout aussi spectaculaire des performances de ces transistors. Des frequences de transition de 20 ghz sont aujourd'hui atteintes pour des technologies silicium sub-microniques en phase industrielle. Ces technologies sont appelees a jouer un role important pour la realisation de circuits integres radiofrequences et hyperfrequences. En raison des performances dynamiques toujours plus grandes de ces transistors, les mesures de parametres s et du facteur de bruit, dans le domaine des hyperfrequences ont ete introduites pour le developpement de ces nouvelles technologies et la construction des modeles de dispositifs passifs et actifs, indispensables a la conception des circuits integres analogiques hyperfrequences. Les methodes de mesures hyperfrequences, realisees a l'aide d'analyseurs vectoriels de reseaux, et de caracterisation du facteur de bruit des transistors sont presentees dans une approche de test industriel. Les etapes de mesure, de calibrage et de correction, specifiquement appliquees a la caracterisation des technologies cmos et bicmos sur tranche de silicium, ont ete automatisees et decrites ainsi que les outils necessaires a cette caracterisation. Les resultats d'extraction des frequences de transition, des frequences maximales d'oscillation et des parametres de modeles des dispositifs actifs tels que les transistors bipolaires et mosfet, mais aussi les resultats de caracterisation d'elements passifs tels que les inductances ou les lignes de transmission sont presentes pour les technologies avancees cmos et bicmos 0,7 et 0,5 um