Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Derivation of the Schrödinger equation from first principles

A particle model developed elsewhere is presented very briefly, in which particles are seen as vortex structures in a kind of fluid. The particle core is tied by vortex lines to the cores of other particles in the vicinity. The model is shown to explain spin 1⁄2 as a topological effect. It also sheds some light on the process of intrication. But vortex lines also induce velocities on themselves and on other vortex lines. When the Hasimoto transformation is used, the velocity induction equation is shown to give rise to the Schrödinger equation for the particle.
Influence of Epistemological Beliefs and Goal Orientation on Learning Performance in CSCL

: Epistemological beliefs were found to affect students’ cognitive engagement, study strategies, as well as motivation in classroom settings. However, research on the relationship between epistemological beliefs, motivation, and student learning in online settings has been under-studied and under-theorized. This study investigated the relationships among epistemological beliefs, achievement goals, and learning performance in online discussions. 124 students participated in discussion activities in an online instructional technology course. The results from correlation analysis and structural equation modeling indicate that epistemological beliefs have significant effects on students’ learning performance, through the mediation of achievement goals
Is the preservation of the left colic artery an ideal choice for colorectal cancer surgery? A meta-analysis.

Background: Left colic artery (LCA) preservation or non-preservation in radical resection for colorectal cancer is still under debate. This study aimed to compare the perioperative and oncological outcomes between the two procedures.Methods: Systematic search was performed in PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases for relevant randomized and non-randomized clinical trials published between 2011 and 2019. The primary endpoints were 5-year overall survival (OS), 5-year disease-free survival (DFS), total lymph nodes harvested, and anastomotic leakage. Secondary endpoints included the number of metastatic lymph nodes, intraoperative blood loss, urinary dysfunction, bowel obstruction, and operation time. Results: Twenty-eight studies with 10545 patients (LCA non-preservation surgery, 4920; LCA preservation surgery, 5625) were included. Data of 7142 rectal cancer patients (LCA non-preservation surgery, 3468; LCA preservation surgery, 3674) were extracted for subgroup analysis. There was significantly lower incidence of anastomotic leakage (odds ratio=1.21; 95% confidence interval |1.04, 1.41|; P=0.015) in colorectal cancer patients with LCA preservation. When rectal cancer was independently analyzed, no significant difference was found in anastomotic leakage between the groups. There were significantly more metastatic lymph nodes and significantly shorter operation time in colorectal cancer and rectal cancer patients with LCA non-preservation. No significant difference was found regarding 5-year OS, 5-year DFS, total lymph nodes harvested, intraoperative blood loss, urinary dysfunction, and bowel obstruction for colorectal and rectal cancer.Conclusions: LCA non-preservation was not proved to increase anastomotic leakage in rectal cancer surgery and was associated with more harvested metastatic lymph nodes and shorter operation time. Trial registration: A review protocol was registered on PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42020183906) and http://www.researchregistry. com (registration number: reviewregistry841).
Silicon Donors at the GaAs(110) Surface: A First Principles Study

Using the first principles ground state method, we systematically studied the DX center in bulk GaAs and GaAs(110). The DX center is found to be a metastable state in bulk GaAs and completely unstable in the top few layers of GaAs(110). We find that the charge states of SiGa defects on the GaAs(110) surface are localized, and the extra charge is mainly concentrated on the Si atom in the charged system. The localized extra charge of the defect on the surface affects the stability of the GaAs(110) surface. Our results show that the negative charging of SiGa would preferably occur at the surface, whereas the positively charged SiGa defect is unstable at the surface. Finally, our calculated STM images of clean GaAs(110) and charged Si:GaAs(110) using Tersoff–Hamann approximation [Tersoff, J.; Hamann, D. R. Phys. Rev. B1985, 31, 805–813] are in good agreement with experimental results. Our results show that the charge state of defect at the surface has an important influence on the STM image. In addition, we s.
Running head: POSITIVE PARENTING CHILD EMPATHY AND EXTERNALIZING 1 Maternal Positive Parenting and the Development of Children’s Later Empathy and Externalizing Behavior

The main goal of my study was to examine how maternal positive parenting in early childhood was associated with children’s later empathy and externalizing problem behaviors. I also determined whether specific forms of positive parenting had stronger associations with children’s later outcomes than others. Participants included 241 children (118 girls) and their mothers, fathers, and teachers. At Time 1 (T1), children were approximately three years old, at Time 2 (T2), they were approximately six years old, and at Time 3 (T3), they were approximately 10 years old. At T1, maternal parenting was assessed through direct observations of mother-child interactions and maternal self-report questionnaires. To measure children’s empathy, mothers completed a questionnaire that assessed several dimensions of their children’s early conscience development at T2. At T3, mothers, fathers, and children’s teachers reported children’s externalizing problems. I found that the maternal positive parenting latent construct at T1 was positively associated with children’s empathy at T2 and negatively associated with children’s externalizing problems at T3. Furthermore, children’s empathy at T2 was negatively associated with externalizing problems at T3. Lastly, maternal warm responsiveness and positive affect were the strongest maternal positive parenting factors. My findings have significant implications for understanding how parenting practices influence children’s prosocial development as they transition from preschool to elementary school.
Visualizing Compiler Passes with LastPass

In UBC’s upper-year compilers course CPSC  , students are tasked with adding features to a compiler every week. The compiler is comprised of multiple passes over some source program to gradually transform it to an assembly program. Unfortunately, students currently do not have a good tool to explore the compiler and understand how certain programs may be compiled. We present LastPass 1 , an interactive multi-pass compiler visualization tool for the CPSC  compiler. Using our tool, students can gain an intuitive understanding of the structural transformations that the compiler performs, trace subexpressions through compilation, and interactively examine compilation on an a pass-by-pass level.
CONSTRUCTING AND CONTESTING LEGITIMACY OF IASB CONSTRUCTION ET CONTESTATION DE LA LEGITIMITE DE L'IASB

The absence of effective regulation from national and multilateral perspective has led to several private initiatives in an interconnected world improving the quality of the global business environment. The standardization of accounting and financial information for companies raising funds in the capital markets have been emerged consequently. The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) is considered as one of the instances in which private actors define issues, make rules, and monitor compliance. Indeed, the IASB has devoted a great effort to defending its legitimacy, that is the key of its success. The legitimacy of this international accounting standard institution is based on the expertise of its members and the inclusiveness and transparency of its processes. Nevertheless, recently several voices have been raised against these norms, questioning its effectiveness, representativeness, but also its legitimacy. In this regard, our paper aims to highlight the factors that have propelled the international recognition of IFRS standards. Besides, this work presents the factors that have recently been raised to challenge this legitimacy and limit the scope and benefits of this standardization.
A computational analysis on similarities and dissimilarities of Acem Kurdi, Kurdi and Muhayyer Kurdi makams in Turkish music

In Turkish music, it is possible to find different makams sharing the same core scale of notes. The subjects of this study are three such makams, namely Acem Küdri, Kürdi, Muhayyer Kürdi. We use computational analysis based on histograms, pattern search and dynamic time warping to reveal the similarities and dissimilarities of these three makams. On the one hand, our results show that a time independent histogram analysis is unable to properly highlight the differences between different makams. On the other hand, our study also reveals that a time dependent analysis is well suited for the identification of their distinguishing features. In particular, the application of a specialized dynamic time warping technique leads to the establishment of low correlation between these makams.
DMon: Efficient Detection and Correction of Data Locality Problems Using Selective Profiling

Poor data locality hurts an application’s performance. While compiler-based techniques have been proposed to improve data locality, they depend on heuristics, which can sometimes hurt performance. Therefore, developers typically ﬁnd data locality issues via dynamic proﬁling and repair them manually. Alas, existing proﬁling techniques incur high overhead when used to identify data locality problems and cannot be deployed in production, where programs may exhibit previously-unseen performance problems. We present selective proﬁling, a technique that locates data locality problems with low-enough overhead that is suitable for production use. To achieve low overhead, selective proﬁling gathers runtime execution information selectively and incrementally. Using selective proﬁling, we build DMon, a system that can automatically locate data locality problems in production, identify access patterns that hurt locality, and repair such patterns using targeted optimizations. Thanks to selective proﬁling, DMon’s proﬁling overhead is 1.36% on average, making it feasible for production use. DMon’s targeted optimizations provide 16.83% speedup on average (up to 53.14%), compared to a baseline that uses the highest level of compiler optimization. DMon speeds up PostgreSQL, one of the most popular database systems, by 6.64% on average (up to 17.48%).
In-Vitro Acclimatization of Curcuma Zedoaria Under Iso-Osmotic Treatments, Ex-Vitro Adaptation and Agronomic Traits in Greenhouse Conditions

Low survival rate, poor adaptation to ex-vitro environments, and time required for hardening the plants to cope with fluctuated environments of field trial are identified as major barriers in this technology. In present study, iso-osmotic adjustment in the culture medium using sucrose and/or mannitol was applied to the in-vitro cloning of Curcuma zedoaria (white turmeric) plants, which were transferred to ex-vitro conditions and subsequently cultivated in the greenhouse conditions prior to harvest after 9 months. During both in-vitro and ex-vitro development of plant, growth and physiological traits under 3% sucrose (Suc) + 2.5% mannitol (Man) were lower than those in control (3% Suc; conventional tissue culture). Interestingly, pseudostem height and root length in acclimatized plantlets under 3% Suc + 2.5% Man were sharply dropped by 60.13% and 92.37% over control, respectively, resulting in a decrease in the ex-vitro adaptation by 56.27% and 33.33% over the control. A positive relationship between reduction of net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and sucrose concentration in the leaf tissues was evidently observed. Remarkably, the morphological and physiological traits of aboveground and underground parameters of acclimatized plantlets under 3% Suc + 2.5% Man were maximized over control, leading to high yield of curcuminoids (229.4 mg plant− 1) in the dry rhizome (31 g plant− 1) when cultivated under greenhouse microenvironments for 9 months. Based on this investigation, we propose that plantlets of C. zedoaria micropropagated using 3% Suc + 2.5% Man can readily acclimatize under ex-vitro conditions and subsequently develop as healthy plants with compact and uniform size.
The LSM RUM-Tree: A Log Structured Merge R-Tree for Update-intensive Spatial Workloads

Many applications require update-intensive work-loads on spatial objects, e.g., social-network services and shared-riding services that track moving objects (devices). By buffering insert and delete operations in memory, the Log Structured Merge Tree (LSM) has been used widely in various systems because of its ability to handle insert-intensive workloads. While the focus on LSM has been on key-value stores and their optimizations, there is a need to study how to efficiently support LSM-based secondary indexes. We investigate the augmentation of a main-memory-based memo structure into an LSM secondary index structure to handle update-intensive workloads efficiently. We conduct this study in the context of an R-tree-based secondary index. In particular, we introduce the LSM RUM-tree that demonstrates the use of an Update Memo in an LSM-based R-tree to enhance the performance of the R-tree’s insert, delete, update, and search operations. The LSM RUM-tree introduces novel strategies to reduce the size of the Update Memo to be a light-weight in-memory structure that is suitable for handling update-intensive workloads without introducing significant over-head. Experimental results using real spatial data demonstrate that the LSM RUM-tree achieves up to 9.6x speedup on update operations and up to 2400x speedup on query processing over the existing LSM R-tree implementations.
Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease by MRI images using artificial intelligence

Background and Objective: Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) seems necessary due to the high cost of care and treatment, the uncertainty of existing therapies, as well as the worrying future of the patient. This study was conducted to AD diagnosis by MRI images using artificial intelligence methods. Methods: In this research, a computer system for early detection of AD with using machine learning algorithms is presented in the framework of computer-aided process. Conditional random field and Inception deep neural network have been adapted for brain MR images to detect AD. Since hippocampal tissue is one of the first tissues to be affected by AD, hence for the early detection of this disease, the hippocampus was located from other brain tissues firstly and then due to the extent to which this tissue is affected, the diagnosis was made. Conditional random field could accurately extract hippocampal fragments of different shapes in all three brain planes. These components serve as the basis for feature extraction by the deep network. The proposed method was tested on standard ADNI dataset images and its performance was demonstrated. The used Inception network has been trained on the huge ImageNet dataset. One of the important steps is knowledge transfer of the problem under consideration. To facilitate this, data augmentation process was applied according to the shape and structure of the hippocampus. Results: The implemented method in this research, achieved to 98.51% accuracy for two-class classification of "Alzheimer" versus "Normal control" and achieved to 93.41% accuracy for two-class classification of "Mild cognitive impairment" versus "Normal control", which increased by 2.56% and 8.41%, compared with the rival methods, respectively. Conclusion: The achieved results of this study showed that the using of artificial intelligence techniques has highly accurate in diagnosing AD according to MRI images.
Vessel Wall Imaging in the Management of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Multiple Intracranial Aneurysms

INTRODUCTION Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, with a mortality rate approaching 25% and high rates of permanent neurologic deficits in survivors. A high priority in the management of these critically ill patients is to identify the site of rupture and urgently secure the aneurysm, either through endovascular coiling or microsurgical clipping. The ruptured aneurysm should be treated as early as reasonably possible to prevent a potentially catastrophic rehemorrhage. The presence of multiple intracranial aneurysms in the setting of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, which occurs in 15%-35% of patients, can create a significant dilemma in the management of these patients because determining the most likely site of rupture and which aneurysm requires immediate treatment can be difficult. Assessment has traditionally relied on the distribution of subarachnoid hemorrhage and localizing the cranial neuropathy and any focal hematomas in relation to the aneurysms. The size and morphology of the aneurysm may also help determine the culprit lesion, with larger size and irregular shape being more suspicious. While certainly helpful, these methods are indirect and inexact. Magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging (MR-VWI), an emerging technique for evaluating intracranial vascular disease, may offer additional benefit in the workup of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. By imaging the wall of the vessel, as opposed to the lumen and intraluminal contents, this technique can identify a site of focal inflammation and offers an alternative method of characterization to traditional angiography techniques. We present the case of a patient with subarachnoid hemorrhage and multiple intracranial aneurysms followed by a brief discussion of the basic principles and other clinical uses of MR-VWI.
Secondary School Mathematics Teachers Perceptions on Continuous Assessment in Guraghe Zone

Assessment is a vital instrument for enhancing teaching and learning. Perceptions that teachers have on assessment are likely to influence their assessment practices. This study explored perceptions of secondary school mathematics teachers on assessment. A total of 80 Guraghe Zone mathematics teachers were involved in the study. A questionnaire comprising questions that required establishing demographic information of participants as well as their perceptions on assessment was used. Results show that the overall respondents’ perception towards practices of continuous assessment has mean 3.630 and standard deviation 1.210. Perceptions on assessment show that items on the role of assessment in making students concentrate their efforts in learning, making students confident in their final examination and usefulness of feedback in enhancing students’ performance were strongly agreed or agreed by a large proportion of the participants. DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/11-1-02 Publication date: January 31st 2021
Comment on hess-2021-127 Anonymous Referee

The manuscript outlines an application of LSTM-based runoff models, which were introduced in previous studies (Kratzert et al, 2018; 2019). In the present contribution, the focus of analysis is catchments in Great Britain. Similar to previous studies, the objective is to demonstrate the competitive ability of LSTM in rainfall-runoff simulations over traditional process-based models. The authors made considerable efforts to set up experiments and perform relevant analyses. Results are compared with four lumped conceptual models and show that the LSTM models outperform the traditional models as well when applied in Great Britain.
O ct 2 01 0 Finite temperature collective modes in a two phase coexistence region of asymmetric nuclear matter

The relation between collective modes and the phase transition in low density nuclear matter is examined. The dispersion relations for collective modes in a linear approach are evaluated within a LandauFermi liquid scheme by assuming coexisting phases in thermodynamical equilibrium. Temperature and isospin composition are taken as relevant parameters. The in-medium nuclear interaction is taken from a recently proposed density functional model. We found significative modifications in the energy spectrum, within certain range of temperatures and isospin asymmetry, due to the separation of matter into independent phases. We conclude that detailed calculations should not neglect this effect. PACS: 21.30. Fe, 21.65. -f, 71.10. Ay, 26.60. -c ∗This work was partially supported by the CONICET, Argentina.
Effects of high temperature and/or drought on growth and secondary metabolites in Ginkgo biloba leaves

Growth,leaf water potential,stomatal conductance,leaf photosynthesis(photosynthetic light response curve),and contents of flavonol glycoside,terpene lactone,starch and soluble sugar were investigated in saplings of two-year-old Ginkgo biloba subjected to drought,high night temperature(30 ℃)and drought*high night temperature,in order to determine effects of drought,high temperature and their interaction on these parameters.The results show that compared to saplings free from drought and high temperature in CK,the saplings under high temperature decreased in maximum net photosynthetic rate,leaf water potential and root/shoot ratio,but increased in stomatal conductance and light compensation point,and changes in light saturation point,flavonol glycoside and terpene lactone were not significant.Saplings subjected to drought got lower in maximum net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and leaf water potential,but higher in light compensation,and remained almost unchanged in root/shoot ratio,apparent quantum yield and light saturation point.Under the interaction of high temperature and drought,the saplings rose in light compensation point and dark respiration rate,but fell markedly in light saturation point,and contents of flavonol glycoside and terpene lactone.Although there was no significant change in root/shoot ratio,the total dry weight per plant decreased.The findings suggest that drought and high temperature not only decreased the adaptability to light,light use efficiency,and stomatal conductance of the saplings,but increased dark respiration rate,thus resulting in inhibited growth.High temperature had greater impact on secondary metabolites than drought.