Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bile reflux and bile acids in the progression of gastric intestinal metaplasia

Abstract Gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) is a precancerous lesion of gastric cancer (GC) and is considered an irreversible point of progression for GC. Helicobacter pylori infection can cause GIM, but its eradication still does not reverse the process. Bile reflux is also a pathogenic factor in GIM and can continuously irritate the gastric mucosa, and bile acids in refluxed fluid have been widely reported to be associated with GIM. This paper reviews in detail the relationship between bile reflux and GIM and the mechanisms by which bile acids induce GIM.
Structures of the mannose-6-phosphate pathway enzyme, GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase

Significance Lysosomes are cellular organelles containing a variety of degradative enzymes. The protein N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase (GNPT) is responsible for directing these enzymes to be delivered to lysosomes. Genetic mutations in GNPT cause the diseases mucolipidosis types II and III. In order to better understand the function of GNPT at the molecular level, we determined the three-dimensional structures of its catalytic domain and of its sugar-binding subunit. These structures, along with biochemical experiments, reveal its enzymatic mechanism and its sugar recognition mode.
Experimental and numerical validation of guided wave phased arrays integrated within standard data acquisition systems for structural health monitoring

Phased array methods are a promising approach to damage detection by enabling guided wave steering and beam focusing leading to improved localization and sizing of structural damage. Due to the costs and challenges to addressing piezoelectric arrays in parallel, most phased array methods actuate piezoelectric elements one at a time in round‐robin fashion with postprocessing algorithms used to synthetically steer and focus the guided waves. In this study, true parallel excitation and sensing of ceramic piezoelectric actuators is implemented in a standard structural health monitoring data acquisition system without requiring highly specialized and expensive ultrasonic data acquisition equipment. The study performs both numerical simulation and laboratory experiments to illustrate the damage detection capabilities of a piezoelectric phased array. Laboratory experiments are first performed using the high‐speed data acquisition system to actuate and sense piezoelectric elements bonded in a linear array on an aluminum plate. To visualize the direction and focal point of the guided waves, a laser Doppler vibrometer triggered by the data acquisition system is adopted to scan the surface displacements of the plate. The study verifies that the location and size of damage can be accurately detected in the plate using the phased array operated by the structural health monitoring data acquisition system. To explore the capabilities of the system to detect different damage cases, the computationally efficient local interaction simulation approach is implemented on a graphic processing unit to simulate the performance of a linear phased array to steer and focus Lamb waves for damage detection.
Mitochondrial transformation occurs in cultured adipocytes, but fails to increase adipose tissue metabolic activity in mice in vivo

ABSTRACT A large number of studies in recent years have aimed to devise novel therapeutic strategies to increase adipose tissue metabolic activity and fight the global obesity epidemics. Growing evidence suggests that cells are able to accept isolated mitochondria by a simple coincubation in a process known as mitochondrial transformation. Therefore, we aimed to test whether mitochondrial transformation occurs in mature adipocytes, and whether this phenomenon could be utilized as a therapeutic approach to increase adipose tissue mitochondrial content and improve metabolic control. We provide evidence that both brown and white adipocytes are able to rapidly accept a large amount of brown adipocyte-derived mitochondria, which remain functional for several days and significantly contribute to cellular respiration in vitro. However, we did not find any evidence that internalization of exogenous mitochondria would trigger transcriptional changes in the recipient cells. Moreover, injection of a large amount of brown adipocyte-derived mitochondria into the inguinal fat of C57BL/6 mice failed to increase whole-body energy expenditure, and reduce body weight gain under obesogenic conditions. This might be due to activation of immune response and rapid removal of administered mitochondria. Altogether, our study adds information on the usability of mitochondrial transformation in the treatment of metabolic disease.
How learning-centred beliefs relate to awareness of educational identity and mission: An exploratory study among medical educators

Abstract Introduction Although learning-centred education would be most effective if all medical educators held learning-centred beliefs, many educators still hold teaching-centred beliefs. A previously developed theoretical model describes a relationship between beliefs, educational identity and ‘mission,’ meaning that which inspires and drives educators. To increase our understanding of why educators hold certain beliefs, we explored the empirical relationship between educators’ beliefs and their awareness of their educational identity and mission. Methods A qualitative study was conducted using in-depth interviews with medical educators. We performed a deductive thematic analysis employing two existing models to examine educators’ beliefs about teaching and learning and their awareness of their educational identity and mission. Results Educators demonstrated both teaching-centred and learning-centred beliefs, which aligned with an awareness of their educational identity and mission. While educators who were unaware of both their identity and mission displayed teaching-centred beliefs, educators aware of their identity and mission displayed learning-centred beliefs. Those who were aware of their identity, but not their mission, displayed either teaching- or learning-centredness. Conclusions Medical educators’ awareness of identity and mission are related to their beliefs about education. Further research is needed into whether beliefs can change over time by increasing identity and mission awareness.
Therapeutic management and clinical remission for patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis in a specialized dermatological‐rheumatological center

F IGURE 1 Clinical remission in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) after consultation. Arthritis remission (A) and improvement of skin lesions (B) in patients with PsA were collected after consultation. Disease activity was divided into arthritis remission defined as Disease Activity Score 28 below 1.6 and improvement of skin lesions as Psoriasis Area Severity Index below 3. Data were not applicable in cases where PsA patients did not present skin lesions.
The association of soluble Klotho levels with anemia and hemoglobin variability in hemodialysis patients

The anti‐aging protein Klotho levels are decreased, and Klotho deficiency is associated with cardiovascular diseases in patients with chronic kidney disease. There are recent studies about the relation between soluble Klotho levels and anemia. We aimed to investigate the correlation of anemia and hemoglobin variability with soluble Klotho levels in hemodialysis patients.
Overview of Artificial Intelligence–Driven Wearable Devices for Diabetes: Scoping Review

Background Prevalence of diabetes has steadily increased over the last few decades with 1.5 million deaths reported in 2012 alone. Traditionally, analyzing patients with diabetes has remained a largely invasive approach. Wearable devices (WDs) make use of sensors historically reserved for hospital settings. WDs coupled with artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms show promise to help understand and conclude meaningful information from the gathered data and provide advanced and clinically meaningful analytics. Objective This review aimed to provide an overview of AI-driven WD features for diabetes and their use in monitoring diabetes-related parameters. Methods We searched 7 of the most popular bibliographic databases using 3 groups of search terms related to diabetes, WDs, and AI. A 2-stage process was followed for study selection: reading abstracts and titles followed by full-text screening. Two reviewers independently performed study selection and data extraction, and disagreements were resolved by consensus. A narrative approach was used to synthesize the data. Results From an initial 3872 studies, we report the features from 37 studies post filtering according to our predefined inclusion criteria. Most of the studies targeted type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, or both (21/37, 57%). Many studies (15/37, 41%) reported blood glucose as their main measurement. More than half of the studies (21/37, 57%) had the aim of estimation and prediction of glucose or glucose level monitoring. Over half of the reviewed studies looked at wrist-worn devices. Only 41% of the study devices were commercially available. We observed the use of multiple sensors with photoplethysmography sensors being most prevalent in 32% (12/37) of studies. Studies reported and compared >1 machine learning (ML) model with high levels of accuracy. Support vector machine was the most reported (13/37, 35%), followed by random forest (12/37, 32%). Conclusions This review is the most extensive work, to date, summarizing WDs that use ML for people with diabetes, and provides research direction to those wanting to further contribute to this emerging field. Given the advancements in WD technologies replacing the need for invasive hospital setting devices, we see great advancement potential in this domain. Further work is needed to validate the ML approaches on clinical data from WDs and provide meaningful analytics that could serve as data gathering, monitoring, prediction, classification, and recommendation devices in the context of diabetes.
Near infrared spectroscopy in peripheral artery disease and the diabetic foot: A systematic review

With the need for tools that assess microvascular status in diabetic foot disease (DFD) being clear, near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a putative method for noninvasive testing of the diabetic foot. The use of NIRS in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) has extended to its role in studying the pathophysiology of DFD. NIRS generates metrics such as recovery time, deoxygenation, oxygen consumption (VO2), tissue oxygen saturation (StO2), total haemoglobin (HbT), and oxyhaemoglobin area under the curve (O2HbAUC). NIRS may potentially help the multidisciplinary team stratify limbs as high‐risk, especially in diabetic patients with symptoms masked by peripheral neuropathy. NIRS may be useful for assessing treatment effectiveness and preventing deterioration of patients with PAD.
Internet‐delivered therapist‐assisted cognitive therapy for adolescent social anxiety disorder (OSCA): a randomised controlled trial addressing preliminary efficacy and mechanisms of action

Background Cognitive therapy for SAD (CT‐SAD) is a first‐line recommended treatment for adult social anxiety disorder (SAD) and shows considerable promise for youth. However, the high prevalence of adolescent SAD and limited number of therapists presents an implementation challenge. Delivery of CT‐SAD via the Internet may offer part of the solution. Method Forty‐three youth (14–18 years) with SAD recruited through schools were randomly allocated to therapist‐assisted Internet‐delivered CT‐SAD (called OSCA) or waitlist for 14 weeks (ISRCTN15079139). Results OSCA outperformed waitlist on all measures and was associated with large effects that were maintained at 6‐month follow‐up. In the OSCA arm, 77% of adolescents lost their SAD diagnosis at post (vs. 14% in the waitlist arm), increasing to 91% at 6‐months. Beneficial effects of OSCA were mediated through changes in cognitions and safety behaviours as predicted by cognitive models of SAD. OSCA was associated with high credibility and therapeutic alliance. Conclusions This preliminary trial suggests OSCA holds promise as an effective, accessible treatment for adolescent SAD. Future definitive trials could compare OSCA to active comparators to examine specificity of effects.
Computed tomographic assessment of the lacrimal sac fossa in southwest population of Iran

To determine the morphology of the lacrimal sac fossa and bony nasolacrimal duct using computed tomography for obtaining detailed anatomical understanding of the drainage system and utilizing these measurements in planning for dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) and nasolacrimal duct (NLD) obstruction in normal southwest (SW) population of Iran. One-hundred-sixty-five cases referred for the diagnosis of neuro-ophthalmic conditions were retrospectively studied. Measurements of lacrimal sac fossa were taken on three anatomical sections (upper, middle, and lower planes) utilizing a digital caliper/protractor instrument. Lacrimal thickness and two measurements of maxillary bone thickness were taken at each plane—namely, the “midpoint thickness” and the “maximum thickness. ” The anterior extent of the nasal mucosa and NLD width was also evaluated. The mean maximum thickness of the maxillary bone at the three anatomical planes of the lacrimal sac fossa was 4.07 mm, 4.78 mm, and 5.60 mm, respectively. The midpoint thickness of the maxillary bone at each plane was 2.38 mm, 1.99 mm, and 1.68 mm, respectively, in both sexs. The lacrimal bone thickness at each level was 0.76 mm, 0.69 mm, and 0.67 mm, respectively. The proportion of the lacrimal sac fossa comprising the lacrimal bone at lower plane was 43.57% and showed a positive correlation with age (P=0.01). The mean anteroposterior bony nasolacrimal diameter was 5.94 mm with no significant difference between patient sex and age. According to the results, its indicate that performing an osteotomy during DCR could be easier in the Iranian SW population compared to other ethnics.
Step refinable functions and orthogonal MRA on $p$-adic Vilenkin groups

We find the necessary and sufficient conditions for refinable step function under which this function generates an orthogonal MRA in the $L_2(\mathfrak G)$ -spaces on Vilenkin groups $\mathfrak G$. We consider a class of refinable step functions for which the mask $m_0(\chi)$ is constant on cosets $\mathfrak G_{-1}^\bot$ and its modulus $|m_0(\chi)|$ takes two values only: 0 and 1. We will prove that any refinable step function $\varphi$ from this class that generates an orthogonal MRA on $p$-adic Vilenkin group $\mathfrak G$ has Fourier transform with condition ${\rm supp} \hat \varphi(\chi)\subset \mathfrak G_{p-2}^\bot$. We show the sharpness of this result too.
Updating the Evidence Base: Additional Search Concluded in November 2020

sift (n = 177) Full Paper Sift + Data Extraction (n = 106) Papers excluded (n = 80) 5 conference proceedings 2 review articles 73 did not meet the inclusion criteria, mostly because of not being longitudinal/high quality cross-sectional study or the measures for wellbeing were insufficient, or workless state and the associated transitions were not clearly defined. Note: The team were aware of 2 additional papers which were relevant in terms of topic and method but were not identified in the search, these were subsequently added to the Review. 99 papers included in the systematic review Titles excluded (n = 429) Title excluded (including some extra duplicates) (n = 1,167) Abstract excluded (n = 55) Papers excluded (n =4) 2 review articles 57 did not meet the inclusion criteria, not longitudinal/high quality cross-sectional study, insufficient wellbeing measures, no transitions. 10 papers identified for inclusion in the metaanalysis 109 papers examined for inclusion in the meta-analysis Papers excluded (n = 80) 47 did not focus on unemployment (but on other workless states) 22 did not report an effect size for the unemploymentwellbeing association nor any useful statistics to calculate it 9 relied on data already used in another study (data dependency) 2 did not report suitable measures of unemployment. 29 papers included in the meta-analysis Results identified through additional updated search (20162020) focusing on unemployment excluding duplicates (n = 1,236)
Energy, Storage Bulk Switched DC-DC Buck Converter

This paper presents a buck converter which has an high efficient and low power consumption for low power applications. The proposed topology is based on buck converter using switching MOSFET with bulk-terminal. The suitable bulk-terminal switching voltage is selected by analyzing the effect of bulk voltage on a MOSFET performance. It is concluded that the bulk-switched DC-DC buck converter structure has the advantages such as high switching performance, low power consumption and high efficiency compared to conventional DC-DC converter circuits. The efficiency value has obtained 88.2%. The proposed circuit is approved experimentally and simultaneously.
APUMPEDI: Approximating Pan Matrix Proﬁles of Time Series Under Unnormalized Euclidean Distances by Interpolation

The Matrix Proﬁle (MP) of a time series has been proposed as a versatile primitive for many data mining tasks. As a companion time series, the MP records distances between nearest neighbors of sub-sequences in the original time series. The Pan Matrix Proﬁle (PMP) is a matrix with each row being an MP corresponding to a single subsequence length and computing explicitly an exact PMP is slow. We propose an approximation algorithm called APUMPEDI to compute the PMP under the unnormalized Euclidean distance based on MP algorithms combined with interpolation. We validate their eﬃciency and eﬀectiveness through extensive numerical experiments on both real-world and synthesized data sets
\'Etude de l'omnipr\'esence des propri\'et\'es petit- monde et sans-\'echelle

The small-world and scale-free properties were identified in real-world complex net-works at the end of the 90s. Their analysis led to a better understanding of the dynamics and functioning of certain systems, and they were studied in many subsequent works. This might be the reason why one frequently finds, in the complex networks literature, assertions regarding their ubiquity, their validity for almost all complex networks. Yet, the mentioned seminal works were conducted on a very limited number of networks, and, to the best of our knowledge, no large-scale study has been conducted to answer this question. In this work, we take advantage, on the one hand, of the many datasets now available online, to constitute a large collection of networks, and on the other hand, of recent analysis tools, to check the validity of this hypothesis of ubiquity. It turns out a large majority of the studied networks are indeed small-world, how-ever this is not the case for the scale-free property, since the degree distribution of a significant proportion of our networks does not follow a power-law. MOTS-CL{\'E}S : R{\'e}seaux complexes, propri{\'e}t{\'e}s topologiques, petit-monde, sans-{\'e}chelle.
Initial rotor position estimation method for aircraft wound-rotor synchronous starter/generators

An initial rotor position estimation method which is independent of the magnetic saliency is proposed for the main generator (MG) of aircraft three-stage wound-rotor synchronous starter/generators. Voltage signals are injected into the stator of the MG and the field current response of the MG is evaluated in this method. Owing to the brushless excitation structure, the field current of the MG cannot be measured directly. Thus, estimation of the field current of the MG is performed first. Then, high-frequency sinusoidal and pulse voltages are injected into the stator windings of the MG separately and the induced field current of the MG, estimated from the main exciter side, is regarded as the indicator for the initial rotor position of the MG. Simulation tests are carried out to verify the method and the results are presented and analysed.
Simulating a Virtual Journey on Italian Alps through a Multisensory Mixed Reality Environment

Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality technologies are more and more getting attention from tourism researchers and professionals, because of their recognized potential to support marketing activities. The paper describes the development of a multisensory environment thought for a travel agency, which combines visual, auditory, tactile and olfactory stimuli. The idea is to develop an experience able to provide a virtual preview of the desired holiday destination, resulting in both an attractive experience for the customer and an effective way to increase sales. A case study about the multisensory experience of a walk on Italian Alps has been developed. The multisensory experience is based on a video streaming, recorded in the real environment, synchronously matched with a haptic interface. The haptic interface is made up of a pair of slippers provided with actuators, and also an actuator positioned on the customer trunk, used to reproduce the feeling of a snowball hit. Moreover, an olfactory display is also used to provide pine smell during the walk. During the experience, the user is sitting on a yoga ball, whose inclination allows him/her to start and stop the multisensory virtual experience.
Closing cones create conical lamellae in secondary osteonal bone

Lamellae are sheets of mineralized collagen 1–20 µm thick, extending over hundreds of µm in bone tissue, occupying bone's structural hierarchy at a level above collagen fibres and osteocytes, and below osteons and trabeculae. Osteons are tubular arrangements of lamellae surrounding central neurovascular canals. Lamellae in osteons are usually described as concentric cylinders based on their annular appearance in transverse section. In this review, I provide a perspective on current understanding of the relationship between geometry of the bone formation front and the shape of lamellae produced at it, reaching the conclusion that the ‘closing cone’ bone formation front in secondary osteonal remodelling must necessarily result in cone-shaped lamellae in the mature secondary osteon. Secondary osteons replace primary osteons through a tunnelling process of bone turnover, meaning that conical lamellae may become more common in older and damaged bone which is at greatest risk of fracture. Visualization and measurement of three-dimensional lamellar shape over hundreds of microns is needed to provide data for accurate micromechanical simulations. Treating secondary osteonal lamellae as a ‘stack of cones’ rather than ‘nested cylinders’ may have important implications for our appreciation of bone's function as a load-bearing tissue and of its behaviour in fracture.