Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Seawater Exchange Rate of Small Scale Inner Bays within Jinhae Bay

For the assessment of seawater exchange rates in Danghangpo bay, Dangdong bay, Wonmun bay, Gohyunsung bay, and Masan bay, which are small-scale inner bays of Jinhae bay, an EFDC model was used to reproduce the seawater flow of the entire Jinhae bay, and Lagrange (particle tracking) and Euler (dye diffusion) model techniques were used to calculate the seawater exchange rates for each of the bays. The seawater exchange rate obtained using the particle tracking method was the highest, at 60.84%, in Danghangpo bay, and the lowest, at 30.50%, in Masan bay. The seawater exchange rate calculated based on the dye diffusion method was the highest, at 45.40%, in Danghangpo bay, and the lowest, at 34.65%, in Masan bay. The sweater exchange rate was found to be the highest in Danghangpo bay likely because of a high flow velocity owing to the narrow entrance of the bay; and in the case of particle tracking method, the morphological characteristics of the particles affected the results, since once the particles get out, it is difficult for them to get back in. Meanwhile, in the case of the Lagrange method, when the particles flow back in by the flood current after escaping the ebb current, they flow back in intact. However, when a dye flows back in after escaping the bay, it becomes diluted by the open sea water. Thus, the seawater exchange rate calculated based on the dye diffusion method turned out to be higher in general, and even if a comparison of the sweater exchange rates calculated through two methods was conducted under the same condition, the results were completely different. Thus, when assessing the seawater exchange rate, more reasonable results could be obtained by either combining the two methods or selecting a modeling technique after giving sufficiently consideration to the purpose of the study and the characteristics of the coastal area. Meanwhile, through a comparison of the degree of closure and seawater exchange rates calculated through Lagrange and Euler methods, it was found that the seawater exchange rate was higher for a higher degree of closure, regardless of the numerical model technique. Thus, it was deemed that the degree of closure would be inappropriate to be used as an index for the closeness of the bay, and some modifications as well as supplementary information would be necessary in this regard.
Efficiency of water use for sorghum, beans, and sesame affected by ground water table.

Pot experiments using lysimeters with 5 depths of ground water table (GWT); 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100cm, respectively were conducted to investigate crop biomass, water use efficiency, and changes of soil moisture for sorghum, beans and sesame. All the lysimeters were randomized with four replication arrangements were filled up with soils and were adjusted to constant bulk density, treated twice water infiltration from bottom to top of lysimeter. Dry weight of above ground part of sesame was gradually increased with deeper GWT showing the highest in the plot of 100cm GWT. Beans had the highest tolerance against excess moisture condition while sesame showed the lowest tolerance being a serious obstacle to crop growth. Water use efficiency of the experimental crops in condition of saturated soil was significantly decreased compared with normal moisture condition of soils. Consequently estimation of GWT for maximum amount of evapotranspiration was 35.6cm, 16.5cm, and 9.6cm for sorghum, sesame, and beans, respectively.
Mapping Kaolinite and Dickite in Sandstone Thin Sections Using Infrared Microspectroscopy

A method to characterize and map both kaolinite and dickite polytypes in sandstone thin sections using infrared microspectroscopy (IRMS) was developed. Minerals identification using IRMS can be performed using the hydroxyl-stretching band of most clay minerals (3500–4000 cm−1) in spite of infrared (IR) interferences caused by the embedding resin and glass substratum. Emphasis was placed on determining the optimum analytical conditions for IR data acquisition. The best data-acquisition parameters for Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) measurements (i.e. spectra quality as a function of beam size and the number of scans) were obtained from a series of single spectra. Then, spatial resolution was explored as a function of the IR beam size (from 50 μm × 50 μm to 15 μm × 15 μm) and the step-scan interval (i.e. the distance between two successive analysis points). The IRMS measurements were performed on thin sections of materials characterized previously using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and chemical analysis. Using IRMS, locations on the thin sections containing nearly pure dickite or kaolinite polytypes were identified and mapped. Most spectra collected using IRMS represented kaolin mineral aggregates rather than individual crystals, however, and mixing of kaolin polytypes was common at the spatial resolution of the IR beam size used. The spatial resolution of the IRMS was comparable to optical petrography and made possible the identification of areas on the thin section for further ‘in situ’ investigation using other methods (e.g. microprobe, Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry — LA-ICP-MS, etc.). Also, the use of blocky crystal morphology to identify dickite was questioned, as kaolinite with blocky habit was identified. Mineral mapping using IRMS seems particularly suited for investigating petrographic relationships between kaolinite and dickite in sandstone diagenesis, but could also be used for clay minerals in other rock types or soils.
WORKING PAPER

Knowledge of travel time variability is valuable for improving the reliability of traffic information services and increasing the accuracy of travel time predictions. To identify the source of travel time variability, information on the travel time distribution properties is needed. Most investigations of travel time distributions rely on data from probe vehicles and consequently have limited sample size. Based on extensive Automatic vehicle identification (AVI) data collected from the CityLink Tollway in Melbourne, a comprehensive investigation of travel time distributions was conducted in terms of various time windows. Given the number of factors affecting travel time variability and their interaction effects, multiple regression with two-way interaction terms was used to quantify the contribution of the various sources to the variability in travel time. The application of the methodology to two groups of data, namely travel times in morning peak and afternoon peak, demonstrates that they have distinctive sources of variability. Morning peak travel times vary mostly because of demand related factors, while 25% variability of travel times in afternoon peak is related to capacity related factors.
Mountain biking: issues and actions for USDA Forest Service managers.

Managers of National Forests are faced with many challenges related to the growing use of mountain bikes. To determine the issues and management actions associated with this growth, USDA Forest Service managers from across the United States were surveyed. Managers from at least two National Forests from every Region (except Alaska) reported annual use of trails by 10,000 or more mountain bike riders. On the basis of this use, managers reported concerns and impacts related to the natural resources (degradation of trails, wilderness), social institutions (safety, education), and social policy (planning, legal claims); and offered management actions for resolving these problems.
Biochemical and functional characterization of the p.A165T missense variant of mitochondrial amidoxime-reducing component 1 in HepG2 cells

Recent genome-wide association studies have identified a missense variant p.A165T in mitochondrial amidoxime-reducing component 1 (mARC1) that is strongly associated with protection from all-cause cirrhosis and improved prognosis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The precise mechanism of this protective effect is unknown. Substitution of alanine 165 with threonine is predicted to affect mARC1 protein stability and to have deleterious effects on its function. To investigate the mechanism, we have generated a knock-in mutant mARC1 A165T in human hepatoma HepG2 cells, enabling characterization of protein subcellular distribution, stability, and biochemical functions of the mARC1 mutant protein expressed from its endogenous locus. Compared to wild-type (WT) mARC1, we found that the A165T mutant exhibits significant mislocalization outside of its traditional location anchored in the mitochondrial outer membrane and reduces protein stability, resulting in lower basal levels. We evaluated the involvement of the ubiquitin proteasome system in mARC1 A165T degradation and observed increased ubiquitination and faster degradation of the A165T variant. In addition, we have shown that HepG2 cells carrying the MTARC1 p.A165T variant exhibit lower N-reductive activity on exogenously-added amidoxime substrates in vitro. The data from these biochemical and functional assays suggest a mechanism by which the MTARC1 p.A165T variant abrogates enzyme function which may contribute to its protective effect in liver disease.
Biotechnologically Relevant Enzymes and Proteins

Polyester hydrolytic and synthetic activity catalyzed by the medium-chain-length poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) depolymerase from Streptomyces venezuelae SO1 Abstract The extracellular medium-chain-length polyhy-droxyalkanote (MCL-PHA) depolymerase from an isolate identified as Streptomyces venezuelae SO1 was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity and characterized. The molecular mass and pI of the purified enzyme were approximately 27 kDa and 5.9, respectively. The depolymerase showed its maximum activity in the alkaline pH range and 50 °C and retained more than 70 % of its initial activity after 8 h at 40 °C. The MCL-PHA depolymerase hydrolyzes various p-nitro-phenyl-alkanoates and polycaprolactone but not polylactide, poly-3-hydroxybutyrate, and polyethylene succinate. The en-zymatic activity was markedly enhanced by the presence of low concentrations of detergents and organic solvents, being inhibited by dithiothreitol and EDTA. The potential of using the enzyme to produce (R)-3-hydroxyoctanoate in aqueous media or to catalyze ester-forming reactions in anhydrous media was investigated. In this sense, the MCL-PHA depoly-merase catalyzes the hydrolysis of poly-3-hydroxyoctanoate to monomeric units and the ring-opening polymerization of β-butyrolactone and lactides, while ε-caprolactone and pen-tadecalactone were hardly polymerized.
BIOTECHNOLOGICALLY RELEVANT ENZYMES AND PROTEINS Protein disulphide isomerase-assisted functionalization of keratin-based matrices

In living systems, protein disulphide isomerase (PDI, EC 5.3.4.1) regulates the formation of new disulphide bonds in proteins (oxidase activity) and catalyzes the rearrangement of non-native disulphide bonds (isomerase activity), leading proteins towards their native configuration. In this study, PDI was used to attach cysteine-containing compounds (CCCs) onto hair, to enhance compound migration within hair fibre and to trigger protein release. A fluorescent (5(6)-TAMRA)-labelled keratin peptide was incorporated into hair by using PDI. Similarly, PDI promoted the grafting of a cysteine-functionalized dye onto wool, as suggested by matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization time-of-flight results. These reactions were thought to involve oxidation of disulphide bonds between CCCs and wool or hair cysteine residues, catalyzed by the oxidized PDI active site. On the other hand, PDI was demonstrated to enhance the migration of a disulphide bondfunctionalized dye within the keratin matrix and trigger the release of RNase A from wool fibres’ surface. These observations may indicate that an isomerisation reaction occurred, catalyzed by the reduced PDI active site, to achieve the thiol-disulphide exchange, i.e. the rearrangement of disulphide bonds between CCCs and keratin. The present communication aims to highlight promising biotechnological applications of PDI, derived from its almost unique properties within the isomerase family.
Batch Version of Thompson Sampling in the One-Armed Bandit Problem

We consider the optimization of batch data processing if there are two processing methods with a priori known efficiency of the first method. Mathematically it is described as a Gaussian one-armed bandit problem. We consider the cases of known and a priori unknown variance of one-step income and use Thompson Sampling as the optimization strategy. We obtain invariant description of the control. Numerical experiments show high efficiency of the strategy. A redundancy manifests itself here in several aspects. First, the batch processing, if it allows parallel processing, is much faster than processing of data one by one. At the same time, it almost does not increase the minimax risk if the number of batches is large enough. Second, batch processing allows to use the same control strategy for a wide class of processes which one-step incomes obey the central limit theorem. Third, despite its simplicity, Thompson Sampling provides the high quality control, i.e., close to optimal minimax risk.
Social Networks: An Introduction

1. Introduction 2. Representation and Conceptualization 3. Small Worlds 4. Searching in Networks, and Their Heavy Tails 5. Communities: Detection, Conflict, Cohesion, and Culture 6. Social Inequality: Prestige, Power, Brokerage, and Roles 7. Organizations as Networks 8. Methods: Data and Software
An Improved Approximation Algorithm For Vertex Cover with Hard Capacities ( Extended Abstract )

In this paper we study the capacitated vertex cover problem, a generalization of the wellknown vertex cover problem. Given a graph G = (V;E), the goal is to cover all the edges by picking a minimum cover using the vertices. When we pick a vertex, we cover up to a prespeci ed number of edges incident on this vertex (its capacity). The problem is clearly NP-hard as it generalizes the well-known vertex cover problem. Previously, 2-approximation algorithms were developed with the assumption that multiple copies of a vertex may be chosen in the cover. If we are allowed to pick at most a given number of copies of each vertex, then the problem is signi cantly harder to solve. Chuzhoy and Naor (Proc. IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science, 481{489, 2002 ) have recently shown that the weighted version of this problem is at least as hard as set cover; they have also developed a 3-approximation algorithm for the unweighted version. We give a 2-approximation algorithm for the unweighted version, improving the Chuzhoy-Naor bound of 3 and matching (up to lower-order terms) the best approximation ratio known for the vertex cover problem.
Olivine-modified spinel-spinel transitions in the system Mg2SiO4-Fe2SiO4: Calorimetric measurements, thermochemical calculation, and geophysical application

The olivine(α)-modified spinel(β)-spinel (γ) transitions in the system Mg2SiO4-Fe2SiO4 were studied by high-temperature solution calorimetry. Enthalpies of the β-γ and a α-γ transitions in Mg2SiO4 at 975 K and of the α-γ transition in Fe2SiO4 at 298 K were measured. The γ solid solution showed a positive enthalpy of mixing. Phase relations at high pressures and high temperatures were calculated from these thermochemical data including correction for the effect of nonideality of α, β, and γ solid solutions. The calculated phase diagrams agree well with those determined experimentally by Katsura and Ito very recently. The α − (Mg0.89, Fe0.11)2SiO4 transforms to β through a region of α+β without passing through the α+γ phase field at around 400 km depth in the mantle with an interval of about 18(±5) km. Temperatures at 390 and 650 km depths are estimated to be about 1673 and 1873 K, respectively, assuming an adiabatic geotherm.
Analysis of acoustic property of sandstone fatigue damage under cyclic loading

By means of uniaxial closed-loop system and real-time observation system,with the measurement of ultrasonic wave velocity and strain at the same time;the experiments on sandstones fatigue damage are performed under constant amplitude cyclic loading.The acoustic parameters during sandstone fatigue damage including ultrasonic wave velocity,amplitude and waveform are real-time measured and analyzed in detail.Results show that the ultrasonic wave velocity varies temperamentally and reduces following inversed S-shaped line,which can be divided into three phases during fatigue damage of sandstones.The amplitude of ultrasonic wave fluctuates with damage.The waveform alters from regular fusiform to malformation;and its correlation coefficient is descending as a whole with the damage development.The micro destructive mechanism of the sandstones under cyclic loading is analyzed according to the variance of acoustic parameters.The testing results offer a choice of choosing acoustic parameters identifying rock fatigue damage process.
Identifying a Most Suitable Growing Medium for Acclimatizing Dendrobium Orchids for Commercial Purposes

Dendrobium orchid highly valued as cut flowers. During acclimatization different growing media are being used. However, these media have not scientifically tested, thus, the effect of growing media on acclimatization stage of Dendrobium orchid type ‘TC 05’ was evaluated under glass house conditions to assist in producing quality pot plants. The experiment was carried out at the Orchid Section of the Floriculture Research and Development Unit (FRDU), Department of National Botanic Gardens (DNBG), Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. Six months old tissue cultured Dendrobium plants with an average mean height of 2.4 cm were potted in 12.7 cm clay pots and five different potting media were tested. Fifteen pots were used for each treatment with 05 plants in each pot (total number of plants in each treatment = pots 15 x 5 plants = 75 plants) with the total number of plants 5 x 15 x 5 = 375 plants. Five different potting media were (T1) Coir dust+ Roof tile pieces + Sand (1:1:1), (T2) Coir dust + Granite + Sand (1:1:1), (T3) Coir dust + Roof tile pieces + Charcoal (1:1:1), (T4) Coir dust + Roof tile pieces + Granite (1:1:1), and (T5) Coir dust + Charcoal + Paddy husk (1:1:1) were used in the experiment. The experiment was arranged according to the Randomized Complete Block Design. The T1 medium Coir dust+ Roof tile pieces + Sand (1:1:1), which is regularly used as the growing media of the FRDU of the DNBG, was considered to be the control treatment. Observation on growth parameters (height, number of new leaves and number of new tillers) of plants were recorded twice a month from October 2022 to June 2023. Mean height of plants in treatment two is (6.4 ± 0.58) significantly higher than those of T3, T4 and T5 (F=5.7, P<0.01). Similarly mean number of new leaves in treatment two (5.2 ± 0.69) is significantly higher than those of T3, T4 and T5 (F=25.72, P<0.01). However, mean number of tiller in treatment two (1.9 ± 0.35) is significantly higher than that of T5 ( F=4.3, P<0.01). Thus growing media (T2) Coir dust + Granite + Sand (1:1:1) showed the best performance in average plant height, number of leaves produced and number of tillers. It may be concluded that Coir dust + Granite + Sand (1:1:1) is the most suitable media for the acclimatization stage (6 to 14 months plants after tissue culture) of Dendrobium verity ‘TC 05’ under local climatic condition in a glass house with 70% shade.
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Patients With Breast Cancer: Risk Factor and Predictive Model Using Classification and Regression Tree (CART)

Introduction Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is a common and debilitating adverse effect of breast cancer chemotherapy. The incidence of CINV in the first cycle of chemotherapy is essential, as it sets the tone for anticipatory CINV and the overall patients' treatment experience. We aimed to investigate the risk factors of first cycle CINV in breast cancer patients and to develop a classification and regression tree (CART) model to predict its occurrence. Methods This is a cross-sectional study that nested in a prospective cohort. One hundred and thirty-seven female breast cancer patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy were included. We used the Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4.0 to assess patient-reported nausea and vomiting in the first chemotherapy cycle. The proportional difference of CINV between sociodemographic and clinicopathologic variables was analyzed using chi-square, and the strength and direction of the relationship with CINV were analyzed using bivariable logistic regression analysis. Multivariable logistic regression and CART analysis included variables with a p-value <0.250. Results The incidence of first-cycle CINV was 43.1%. The chi-square test revealed a significant association between insurance status and CINV (p<0.001) and between the stage at diagnosis and CINV (p<0.001). Underweight to normal body mass index (BMI) patients are significantly associated with an increased risk of first-cycle CINV (OR =2.17, 95% CI 1.03-4.56, p =0.041). In hierarchical order, three variables (stage at diagnosis, BMI, and age) were included in the CART model, which significantly influenced the probability of first cycle CINV. With an accuracy of 61.3%, the CART model had a sensitivity of 28.8%, a specificity of 85.9%, a positive predictive value of 60.7%, a negative predictive value of 61.5%, and an area under curve (AUC) of 0.602. Conclusion Breast cancer patients with an underweight to normal BMI have a higher risk of developing first-cycle CINV. Our CART model was better at identifying patients who would not develop CINV than those who would. The CART model may provide a simple and effective way to individualize patient care for first-cycle CINV.
Repo-Educ: Repository of Educational Robotics Lesson Plans

Educational robotics is a practice that has been disseminated in Brazil and in the world, allowing the inclusion of technology in the school environment through stimulating pedagogical activities for students, making them practice teamwork, fine motor coordination, and computational thinking, among other benefits. For the educational robotics classes to be executed in the most effective way, the teacher must be trained to use this tool, and from there propose and/or execute classes that use the technology to help in the teaching of curricular subjects in basic education. However, many teachers do not realize what can be possible with robotics in the classroom, and this often causes them not to choose to learn more about this technology. In this work, we developed a web system called Repo-Educ in which a teacher can access information about robotics lessons created by other teachers, generating ideas about how to apply robotics in their classroom. Using this system, it is possible to transform robotics education by combining knowledge. Even teachers who have never had contact with robotics can start using this technology in the classroom by replicating lessons that are proven to work by other teachers. The system is in the final stages of development to be made available to the educational robotics community.
Balancing act: the complex role of NK cells in immune regulation

Natural killer (NK) cells, as fundamental components of innate immunity, can quickly react to abnormalities within the body. In-depth research has revealed that NK cells possess regulatory functions not only in innate immunity but also in adaptive immunity under various conditions. Multiple aspects of the adaptive immune process are regulated through NK cells. In our review, we have integrated multiple studies to illuminate the regulatory function of NK cells in regulating B cell and T cell responses during adaptive immune processes, focusing on aspects including viral infections and the tumor microenvironment (TME). These insights provide us with many new understandings on how NK cells regulate different phases of the adaptive immune response.