Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Implications of paleomagnetic data on the collision related bending of island arcs

Paleomagnetic studies from the Marianas, central Philippines, Ryukyus, Sulawesi, Fiji-New Hebrides all show major differences in the declination values observed from individual islands within the same arc. Comparable differences are not observed in the inclination values. A simple plate tectonic model would predict that each island arc should experience the same rotation along its entire length as the plate moves around its rotation axis. Bathymetry from each of these arcs show that the differentially rotated segments of the upper plate occur in areas where the downgoing plate carries a feature such as a seamount chain, rifted continental fragment, or an island arc. The coincidence of the bathymetric feature and the discordant paleomagnetic declination data support an earlier hypothesis of Vogt [1973] that these features are buoyant zones on the downgoing plate which interact with the margin of the upper plate. As a result of this interaction, the upper plate boundary is locally deformed. In addition to the paleomagnetic evidence, other geologic and geophysical data from these areas suggest such interactions. For example there appears to be a good correlation between the deflections in major structures around the collision zone and the paleomagnetic directions that are reported. As this deformation proceeds, eventually the stresses resulting from the collision may result in any of the following tectonic processes: 1) slip-line style strike-slip faults allowing for the sideward extrusion of portions of the upper plate [Tapponnier et al. 1983]; 2) changes in the polarity of the subduction zone; 3) development of strike-slip faults around the margin of the indenter; or 4) reorganization of the entire plate margin. In addition, data from the Marianas, southern end of the RyuKyu arc, and the Lau Basin suggest that back arc basin development may result from the collision related deformation.
A LoRaWAN-based IoT System for Leakage Detection in Pipelines

Leakages in a pipeline are an important problem due to the potential economic and environmental hazard they present. In this study, we proposed a LoRaWAN-based approach for detecting and localizing leakages in pipelines. Our study includes an experimental setup that simulates a pipeline network with pressure and flow rate sensors attached. The flow rate and pressure data were transmitted through LoRaWAN to a receiver, which in turn uploads the data to a cloud server using a cellular network. The receiver compares the flow rate reading from all the monitoring nodes attached to the pipeline network. If flow rate reading from successive nodes presents a percentage variation of more than 1.5%, a leak is confirmed to have taken place. The flow rate readings can also be used to localize the leak. The resolution of the leak detection is dependent on the number of monitoring nodes on the pipeline network. In our study, the pressure readings were found to be insufficient to provide reliable evidence of leakages. In our specific situation, due to the relatively short length of the experimental pipeline network, a pressure drop of up to 38.2% was recorded between successive nodes with an overall pressure loss of 62%, making pressure data unsuitable for leak detection in the short pipeline network.
A mechanistic model of H218O and C18OO fluxes between ecosystems and the atmosphere: Model description and sensitivity analyses

The concentration of 18O in atmospheric CO2 and H2O is a potentially powerful tracer of ecosystem carbon and water fluxes. In this paper we describe the development of an isotope model (ISOLSM) that simulates the 18O content of canopy water vapor, leaf water, and vertically resolved soil water; leaf photosynthetic 18OC16O (hereinafter C18OO) fluxes; CO2 oxygen isotope exchanges with soil and leaf water; soil CO2 and C18OO diffusive fluxes (including abiotic soil exchange); and ecosystem exchange of H218O and C18OO with the atmosphere. The isotope model is integrated into the land surface model LSM, but coupling with other models should be straightforward. We describe ISOLSM and apply it to evaluate (1) simplified methods of predicting the C18OO soil‐surface flux; (2) the impacts on the C18OO soil‐surface flux of the soil‐gas diffusion coefficient formulation, soil CO2 source distribution, and rooting distribution; (3) the impacts on the C18OO fluxes of carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity in soil and leaves; and (4) the sensitivity of model predictions to the δ18O value of atmospheric water vapor and CO2. Previously published simplified models are unable to capture the seasonal and diurnal variations in the C18OO soil‐surface fluxes simulated by ISOLSM. Differences in the assumed soil CO2 production and rooting depth profiles, carbonic anhydrase activity in soil and leaves, and the δ18O value of atmospheric water vapor have substantial impacts on the ecosystem CO2 flux isotopic composition. We conclude that accurate prediction of C18OO ecosystem fluxes requires careful representation of H218O and C18OO exchanges and transport in soils and plants.
Hydroclimatic controls on water balance and water level variability in Great Slave Lake

On average, 86% of riverine discharge to Great Slave Lake, Northwest Territories, Canada, was gauged during the period 1964–1998, offering an unprecedented opportunity to study and understand controls on water balance of a large northern lake at the headwaters of the Mackenzie River. A functional daily water balance model, incorporating measurements of riverine inflow, precipitation on the lake surface, evaporation, and riverine outflow was developed, which predicts the amplitude and frequency of annual water level fluctuations, and closes the water balance to within ± 6% for 28 of 35 years and ± 11% for the remaining 7 years, with an overall systematic error of + 2%. Annual water balance estimates for the period 1964–1998 reveal that about 74% of inflow into Great Slave Lake originates from the Peace‐Athabasca catchments that enter the lake via the Slave River, whereas 21% is derived from other catchments bordering Great Slave Lake, and 5% from precipitation on the lake surface. An estimated 94% of water losses occur by riverine outflow to the Mackenzie River and 6% by evaporation from the lake surface. The primary driving force behind water level fluctuations in Great Slave Lake, including the post‐regulation period following development of the W.A. C. Bennett Dam, is shown to be climate‐driven precipitation variability in the Peace‐Athabasca basins. A simple precipitation regression model is developed to simulate water level fluctuations in Great Slave Lake over the past 100 years. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cut-off value of the eHEALS score as a measure of eHealth skills among rural residents in Gansu, China

Background In this study, our aim was to quantify eHealth literacy and determine a cut-off value for eHEALS scores that signifies adequate eHealth literacy among rural residents in Gansu, China. Methods This cross-sectional investigation encompassed 18 rural areas across three cities—Lanzhou, Wuwei, and Dingxi—in Gansu. A total of 451 residents were recruited and underwent evaluations for both eHealth literacy and eHealth skills, utilizing the eHEALS and self-constructed tasks, respectively. A receiving operator characteristic curve was plotted with eHealth skills as the dependent variable and eHealth literacy levels as the independent variable, aiming to determine a cut-off value for eHEALS indicating adequate eHealth literacy and evaluate its predictive capacity. Results Among the 451 respondents, 10.9% did not possess a personal electronic device with Internet access, while 6.4% owned but had never used them. Within the remaining 373 residents, the mean eHealth literacy score was 25.85 (SD:10.93), item scores ranged from 3.12 (SD:1.45) to 3.42 (SD:1.60). Completion rates for three eHealth skills varied from 39.1% to 59.8%. The cut-off value was 29.5 determined by the Youden index. The area under the receiver operating curve was 0.829, with a sensitivity of 86.7%, and a specificity of 66.8%. Conclusions Our findings emphasized that eHealth literacy among rural residents remains at a low level. Moreover, we identified a cut-off value of 29.5 for eHEALS scores that signifies adequate eHealth literacy within this demographic.
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis as a Promising Tool for the Preparation of Materials Containing Defective Carbon Nanostructures: Implications on Properties and Applications

In this review, we focus on a small section of the literature that deals with the materials containing pristine defective carbon nanostructures (CNs) and those incorporated into the larger systems containing carbon atoms, heteroatoms, and inorganic components. Briefly, we discuss only those topics that focus on structural defects related to introducing perturbation into the surface topology of the ideal lattice structure. The disorder in the crystal structure may vary in character, size, and location, which significantly modifies the physical and chemical properties of CNs or their hybrid combination. We focus mainly on the method using microwave (MW) irradiation, which is a powerful tool for synthesizing and modifying carbon-based solid materials due to its simplicity, the possibility of conducting the reaction in solvents and solid phases, and the presence of components of different chemical natures. Herein, we will emphasize the advantages of synthesis using MW-assisted heating and indicate the influence of the structure of the obtained materials on their physical and chemical properties. It is the first review paper that comprehensively summarizes research in the context of using MW-assisted heating to modify the structure of CNs, paying attention to its remarkable universality and simplicity. In the final part, we emphasize the role of MW-assisted heating in creating defects in CNs and the implications in designing their properties and applications. The presented review is a valuable source summarizing the achievements of scientists in this area of research.
Uniparental disomy: expanding the clinical and molecular phenotypes of whole chromosomes

Uniparental disomy (UPD) refers to as both homologous chromosomes inherited from only one parent without identical copies from the other parent. Studies on clinical phenotypes in UPDs are usually focused on the documented UPD 6, 7, 11, 14, 15, and 20, which directly lead to imprinting disorders. This study describes clinical phenotypes and genetic findings of three patients with UPD 2, 9, and 14, respectively. Chromosomal microarray (CMA), UPDtool, methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MS-MLPA) and whole-exome sequencing (WES) analysis were performed to characterize the genetic etiology. The CMA revealed a homozygous region involving the whole chromosome 2 and 9, a partial region of homozygosity in chromosome 14. UPD-tool revealed a paternal origin of the UPD2. MS-MLPA showed hypomethylation of imprinting gene MEG3 from maternal origin in the UPD14 case. In addition, UPD14 case displayed complex symptoms including growth failure, hypotonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), accompanied by several gene mutations with heterozygous genotype by WES analysis. Furthermore, we reviewed the documented UPDs and summarized the clinical characteristics and prognosis. This study highlighted the importance to confirm the diagnosis and origin of UPD using genetic testing. Therefore, it is suggested that expanding of the detailed phenotypes and genotypes provide effective guidance for molecule testing and genetic counseling, and promote further biological investigation to the underlying mechanisms of imprinted disorders and accompanied copy number variations.
A Bidirectional Three-Level Converter Control With Shared Control Circuit and Single-Point Sensing for Flying Capacitor Balance

This article presents a novel three-level (TL) converter control integrated circuit (IC) with a flying capacitor control loop, an adaptive constant on-time (ACOT) control, and a shared control circuit in bidirectional operation for the battery charger system. To solve the flying capacitor balance issue in TL converters, the flying capacitor control with single-point sensing (SPS) of switching voltage VX is proposed to balance the flying capacitor without a complex control and sensing circuit in an IC implementation. The proposed SPS also minimizes the inductor ripple. Besides, both directions (buck mode or boost mode) share the same control circuits except for the compensator to minimize the controller die area. The proposed scheme is realized with a 1.5 MHz switching frequency bidirectional TL converter IC in the TSMC 0.18 μm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process. The measurement result verifies that the functions are feasible in both directions, and there are no flying capacitor voltage runaway and mismatch issues. The proposed ACOT design achieves less than 6% switching frequency variation over the load range in boost mode, which is much smaller than conventional ACOT control. The proposed TL buck converter achieves an efficiency of 95.89% at 1-A load. The efficiency of the proposed TL boost converter is up to 96.02% at 0.5-A load.
The contributing role of family, religious activities and school in protecting the mental well-being of school going adolescents in a rural district of Sri Lanka

Introduction: Mental health problems in adolescence are common.Objectives: To assess the mental health of grade 10 students in Ampara District and their associated factorsMethods: This descriptive study was conducted from May to November 2018. Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to assess the students’ mental health status under five domains. They were total abnormal scores (TAS), emotional problems (EP), conduct problems (CP), hyperactive/inattention problems (HIP) and peer problems (PP). The prevalence of mental health problems was summarized as percentages. The significance of associated factors was assessed at p<0.05 and presented in adjusted odds ratio (aOR). Results: Of the 1340 students, 11.9% had reported TAS. The prevalence of EP, CP, PP and HIP were 15.1%, 12.9%, 12.1% and 11.7%, respectively. Eight factors associated with abnormal scores were identified. Difficulties in schoolwork were associated with all five domains (aOR=5.9; 95% CI: 2.5, 13.6 for TAS; aOR=4.0; 95% CI: 2.1, 7.7 for EP, aOR=2.9; 95% CI: 1.6, 5.4 for CP, aOR =2.6; 95% CI: 1.4, 4.6 for PP and aOR=2.5; 95% CI: 1.4, 4.5 for HIP). Not involving in religious activities regularly at home was associated with all domains except emotional problems (aOR=2.4; 95% CI: 1.3, 4.3 for TAS, aOR=2.2; 95% CI: 1.2, 3.9 for PP, aOR=2.1; 95% CI: 1.2, 3.6 for HIP and aOR=1.9; 95% CI: 1.2, 3.5 for CP). Not having a close family member to discuss their problems was associated with TAS (aOR=2.4; 95% CI: 1.4, 4.2), EP (aOR=3.4; 95% CI: 1.9, 5.8) and HIP (aOR=2.2; 95% CI: 1.3, 3.7). The presence of stressful life events was associated with TAS (aOR= 1.9; 95% CI: 1.1, 3.4), EP (aOR=1.9; 95% CI: 1.1, 3.5) and CP (aOR=2.3; 95% CI: 1.3, 4.3). Tobacco smoking habit of father was associated with TAS (aOR=2.9; 95% CI: 1.2, 6.6) and CP (aOR=2.3; 95% CI: 1.1, 4.6). The alcohol-drinking habit of father was associated with EP (aOR=3.0; 95% CI: 1.3, 7.0). Not attending to additional tuition classes was associated with EP (aOR=1.9; 95% CI: 1.1, 3.4) and PP (aOR=2.6; 95% CI: 1.4, 4.6). The low educational level of the mother was associated with the TAS (aOR=1.9; 95% CI: 1.2, 3.4). Conclusions & Recommendations: Mental health problems are common among school-going adolescents. All mental health problems were significantly associated with difficulties in schoolwork and most of the others were modifiable family-related factors. School mental health screening programmes are recommended with special attention on students with difficulties in schoolwork. School Mental health awareness and promotional programmes should target the students as well as teachers and parents to create a supportive school and family environment.
Diversity, Trends, Opportunities and Challenges in Australian Grasslands–Meeting the Sustainability and Productivity Imperatives of the Future?

Grassland production systems contribute 40% to Australia’s gross agricultural production value and utilise over 50% of its land area. Across this area a broad diversity of systems exist, but these can be broadly classified into four main production systems: 1. Pastoral grazing of mainly cattle at low intensity (i.e. <0.4 DSE/ha) on relatively unimproved native rangelands in the arid and semi-arid regions of northern and central Australia; 2. Crop-livestock systems in the semi-arid zone where livestock graze a mixture of pastures and crops which are often integrated; 3. High rainfall permanent pasture zone in the coastal hinterland and highlands and; 4. Dairy systems covering a broad range of environments and production intensities. A notable trend across these systems has been the replacement of wool sheep with beef cattle or meat sheep breeds, which has been driven by low wool prices. Although there is evidence that most of these systems have lifted production efficiencies over the past 30 years, total factor productivity growth has failed to match the decline in terms of trade. This has renewed attention on how research and development can help increase productivity. In addition, these industries are facing increasing scrutiny to improve their environmental performance and develop sustainable production practices. We propose several areas in which grasslands research and development might help provide gains in system productivity and sustainability. In particular, pasture productivity might be improved by filling gaps in the array of pastures available either through exploring new species or improving the adaptation and agronomic characteristics of species currently sown. Meanwhile there is a need to maintain efforts to overcome persistent and emerging constraints to pasture productivity. Improving livestock forage feed systems and more precise and lower cost management of grasslands would translate into improved utilisation and conversion of forage produced into livestock products. There is significant scope to capture value from the ecological services grasslands provide and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from livestock production. Multi-purpose grasslands provide not only grazing for livestock but produce other food products such as grain which may also have potential to integrate livestock with cropping. However, reduced human research capacity in pasture science will challenge our ability to realise these potential opportunities unless efforts are made to attract and support a new generation of pasture scientists.
Two-dimensional semiconductors for chiral directionality and electro-optic modulation in photonic systems

Photonic platforms are envisioned to play a pivotal role across various domains including information processing and towards the development of next generation of quantum technologies. Atomically thin semiconductors are a promising ingredient for combination with photonic structures as they provide strong light-matter interaction and inherent spin-valley locking of excitons generated with different circularly polarized light. In this work, we show two different applications of two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides. First, we demonstrate a chiral metasurface that allows reflection of selective polarization of light within a narrow spectral band utilizing the valleytronic properties. Second, we propose electro-optic phase modulators based on monolayer semiconductors for integration in large-scale photonic circuits.
Analysis of ^7Be and ^(210)Pb air concentrations in Ny-Alesund, Svalbard: CHIMERPOL II project, preliminary results

Half-daily high volume aerosol particles samples have been collected onto cellulose and glass fiber filters at Ny-Alesund, Svalbard, from April 14th to May 7th 2004, in the framework of CHIMERPOL II program. The filters have been analyzed for ^(210)Pb (22.3y) and ^7Be (53 d) by semiconductor gamma spectrometry. The median concentration values were 70μBq m^(-3) STP (8-264μBq m^(-3)STP) for ^(210)Pb, and 404μBq m^(-3)STP (35-824μBq m^(-3)STP) for ^7Be respectively. The ^7Be and ^(210)Pb activity concentrations measured are relatively "low" compared to those measured in Svalbard and in other Arctic sites for the same period time (April-May) during previous studies. The ^(210)Pb atmospheric concentration and atmospheric pressure are positively correlated, which may indicate that the ^(210)Pb atmospheric concentration increase as a function of air mass exchange over the Svalbard region. The results of ^7Be and ozone concentrations show also the absence of direct ^7Be stratospheric injections during our sampling campaign, in the low troposheric air masses. The performed backward trajectory analysis showed that collected aerosols and associated radionuclides concentrations were associated to three different air masses, originating from Atlantic ocean, Artic ocean and Barents Sea, and continental areas (North Finland-Russia) respectively.
Research on Surface Flaw Detection of Industrial Components Based on Deep Learning Algorithm

This paper primarily focuses on the research of industrial component surface defect detection algorithms using deep learning techniques. Taking the example of defect detection in the injector valve seat of automotive engine components, currently, the inspection of such small components heavily relies on manual visual inspection or traditional machine vision methods. Manual visual inspection is inefficient and cannot guarantee the speed and accuracy of detection. Traditional machine vision methods, while efficient, are sensitive to harsh environmental conditions and can be influenced by factors such as lighting, camera positioning, and background, resulting in poor robustness and limited feature extraction capabilities. To address these issues, this paper conducts research on a deep learning-based surface defect detection algorithm for injector valve seats.
Las estadísticas Oficiales de Turismo: principales lagunas en el contexto nacional e internacional /Official Statistics of Tourism: Major Gaps in the National and International Context

En el ambito de las estadisticas de turismo se han producido notables desarrollos en los ultimos anos, tanto por parte del sector publico como del privado. El actual sistema de estadisticas oficiales de turismo en Espana se puede considerar como uno de los mas desarrollados en el contexto internacional pero todavia persisten importantes lagunas de informacion. La comparabilidad de resultados precisa de una mayor armonizacion metodologica puesto que cada pais decide las fuentes de informacion y metodologias a desarrollar para dar cumplimiento a la normativa comunitaria. In the field of tourism statistics have been remarkable developments in recent years by both the public and private sectors. The current system of official statistics on tourism in Spain can be considered as one of the most developed in the international context but there are still important gaps in information. The comparability of results requires greater harmonization methodology since each country decides the sources of information and methodologies to be developed to comply with Community law.