Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evolution of interacting binaries with a B type primary at birth

We revisited the analytical expression for the mass ratio distribution for non-evolved binaries with a B type primary. Selection effects governing the observations were taken into account in order to compare theory with observations. Theory was optimized so as to fit best with the observed q -distribution of SB1s and SB2s. The accuracy of this theoretical mass ratio distribution function is severely hindered by the uncertainties on the observations. We present a library of evolutionary computations for binaries with a B type primary at birth. Some liberal computations including loss of mass and angular momentum during binary evolution are added to an extensive grid of conservative calculations. Our computations are compared statistically to the observed distributions of orbital periods and mass ratios of Algols. Conservative Roche Lobe Over Flow (RLOF) reproduces the observed distribution of orbital periods but fails to explain the observed mass ratios in the range q ∈ $\lbrack$0.4–1$\rbrack$. In order to obtain a better fit the binaries have to lose a significant amount of matter, without losing much angular momentum.
TWO CONDITIONAL RESULTS ABOUT PRIMES IN SHORT INTERVALS

In 1937, Ingham proved that ψ(x + xθ) - ψ(x) ~ xθ for x → ∞, under the assumption of the Lindelof hypothesis for θ > 1/2. In this paper we examine how the above asymptotic formula holds by assuming in turn two different heuristic hypotheses. It must be stressed that both the hypotheses are implied by the Lindelof hypothesis.
Two‐stage component test plans for testing the reliability of a series system

A system reliability is often evaluated by individual tests of components that constitute the system. These component test plans have advantages over complete system based tests in terms of time and cost. In this paper, we consider the series system with n components, where the lifetime of the i‐th component follows exponential distribution with parameter λi. Assuming test costs for the components are different, we develop an efficient algorithm to design a two‐stage component test plan that satisfies the usual probability requirements on the system reliability and in addition minimizes the maximum expected cost. For the case of prior information in the form of upper bounds on λi's, we use the genetic algorithm to solve the associated optimization problems which are otherwise difficult to solve using mathematical programming techniques. The two‐stage component test plans are cost effective compared to single‐stage plans developed by Rajgopal and Mazumdar. We demonstrate through several numerical examples that our approach has the potential to reduce the overall testing costs significantly. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 49: 95–116, 2002; DOI 10.1002/nav.1051
Gutzwiller Approximation for Antiferromagnetism in Hubbard Model

The variational approach initiated by Gutzwiller is extended to include antiferromagnetism. A simplified assumption corresponding to that adopted by him is used in order to evaluate the ground state energy of the Hubbard model and to draw the phase diagram similar to those constructed by Penn on the basis of the Hartree-Fock approximation. ·It is found that the antiferromagnetic state in the phase diagram is restricted to a narrow region bounded by threshold values for both the coupling constant and electron density. For sufficiently large intraatomic repulsion paramagnetic state becomes more stable than antiferromagnetic state except for the case of one electron per site. The. phase transition between paramagnetic and antiferromagnetic states is of first order and the coexistence of these two states with different density occurs.
Creating screen stories with game engines: challenges and opportunities for students and researchers working collaboratively across disciplines

ABSTRACT In recent years, the increased take up of game engines in the context of emerging and traditional screen media production has fostered innovation across formats. Game engines present an opportunity to author immersive projects that draw upon the expertise of experience designers, game developers, screenwriters and other creative practitioners; however, questions arise as to the ways that individuals from different backgrounds might work together effectively on these projects given the varying ‘poetics’ of their fields. This term, used by Ian MacDonald in the context of screenwriting practice, refers to ‘the rationalisation of a mode, or a paradigm, of practice; a collection of perceived norms that make sense together, for those involved in developing a screen idea, in that time and place’ (2013, 3). This article explores the development of two screen works created using Unreal Engine, so as to outline the challenges for multidisciplinary teamwork in this area. This article will argue that the successful realisation of these projects called for the development of common ground around this new mode of practice, one fostered through a sharing of boundary objects (Star and Griesemer 1989), expertise and through listening to participant concerns.
Nonlinear quantum equations: Classical field theory

An exact classical field theory for nonlinear quantum equations is presented herein. It has been applied recently to a nonlinear Schrodinger equation, and it is shown herein to hold also for a nonlinear generalization of the Klein-Gordon equation. These generalizations were carried by introducing nonlinear terms, characterized by exponents depending on an index q, in such a way that the standard, linear equations, are recovered in the limit q → 1. The main characteristic of this field theory consists on the fact that besides the usual Ψ(x,t), a new field Φ(x,t) needs to be introduced in the Lagrangian, as well. The field Φ(x,t), which is defined by means of an additional equation, becomes Ψ*(x,t) only when q → 1. The solutions for the fields Ψ(x,t) and Φ(x,t) are found herein, being expressed in terms of a q-plane wave; moreover, both field equations lead to the relation E2 = p2c2 + m2c4, for all values of q. The fact that such a classical field theory works well for two very distinct nonlinear quan.
Dynamic models for spatiotemporal data

We propose a model for non‐stationary spatiotemporal data. To account for spatial variability, we model the mean function at each time period as a locally weighted mixture of linear regressions. To incorporate temporal variation, we allow the regression coefficients to change through time. The model is cast in a Gaussian state space framework, which allows us to include temporal components such as trends, seasonal effects and autoregressions, and permits a fast implementation and full probabilistic inference for the parameters, interpolations and forecasts. To illustrate the model, we apply it to two large environmental data sets: tropical rainfall levels and Atlantic Ocean temperatures.
The Northwest Infrared (NWIR) gas-phase spectral database of industrial and environmental chemicals: recent updates

With continuing improvements in both standoff- and point-sensing techniques, there is an ongoing need for high-quality infrared spectral databases. The Northwest Infrared Database (NWIR) contains quantitative, gas-phase infrared spectra of nearly 500 pure chemical species that can be used for a variety of applications such as atmospheric monitoring, biomass burning studies, etc. The data, recorded at 0.1 cm-1 resolution, are pressure broadened to one atmosphere (N2). Each spectrum is a composite composed of multiple individual measurements. Recent updates to the database include over 60 molecules that are known or suspected biomass-burning effluents. Examples from this set of measurements will be presented and experimental details will be discussed in the context of the utility of NWIR for environmental applications.
A Lower Bound on the Share Size in Evolving Secret Sharing

Secret sharing schemes allow sharing a secret between a set of parties in a way that ensures that only authorized subsets of the parties learn the secret. Evolving secret sharing schemes (Komargodski, Naor, and Yogev [TCC ’16]) allow achieving this end in a scenario where the parties arrive in an online fashion, and there is no a-priory bound on the number of parties. An important complexity measure of a secret sharing scheme is the share size, which is the maximum number of bits that a party may receive as a share. While there has been a significant progress in recent years, the best constructions for both secret sharing and evolving secret sharing schemes have a share size that is exponential in the number of parties. On the other hand, the best lower bound, by Csirmaz [Eurocrypt ’95], is sub-linear. In this work, we give a tight lower bound on the share size of evolving secret sharing schemes. Specifically, we show that the sub-linear lower bound of Csirmaz implies an exponential lower bound on evolving secret sharing.
Robust and Reusable Fuzzy Extractors and their Application to Authentication from Iris Data

Fuzzy extractors (FE) are cryptographic primitives that establish a shared secret between two parties who have similar samples of a random source, and can communicate over a public channel. An example for this is that Alice has a stored biometric at a server and wants to have authenticated communication using a new reading of her biometric on her device. Reusability and robustness of FE, respectively, guarantee that security holds when FE is used with multiple samples, and the communication channel is tamperable. Fuzzy extractors have been studied in information theoretic and computational setting. Contributions of this paper are two-fold. First, we define a strongly robust and reusable FE that combines the strongest security requirements of FEs, and give three constructions. Construction 1 has computational security, and Constructions 2 and 3 provide information theoretic (IT) security, in our proposed model. Construction 1 provides a solution to the open question of Canetti et al. (Eurocrypt 2014) , by achieving robustness and reusability (post-quantum) security in standard model for their construction. Constructions 2 and 3 offer a new approach to the construction of IT-secure FE. Construction 3 is the first robust and reusable FE with IT-security without assuming random oracle. Our robust FEs use a new IT-secure MAC with security against key-shift attack which is of independent interest. Our constructions are for structured sources which for Construction 1, matches Canetti et al.’s source. We then use our Construction 1 for biometric authentication using iris data. We use a widely used iris data set to find the system parameters of the construction for the data set, and implement it. We compare our implementation with an implementation of Canetti et al.’s reusable FE on the same data set, showing the cost of post-quantum security without using random oracle, and robustness in standard model.
A recursive maximum likelihood algorithm for ARMA line enhancement

Optimal filtering of narrow-band signals corrupted by noise requires an infinite impulse response (IIR) filter. A recursive maximum likelihood algorithm is proposed for adaptively adjusting the coefficients of an IIR line enhancer. The performance of this adaptive IIR filter is analyzed and compared to that of a finite impulse response filter. Preliminary simulation results are presented to illustrate the behavior of the proposed algorithm under various signal-to-noise conditions.
The Utility of Animal Models in the Preclinical Study of Interventions to Prevent Human Coronary Artery Restenosis: Analysis and Recommendations

Summary Small animal models have several advantageous characteristics, but those used in preclinical restenosis research have lacked efficacy in predicting the success of interventions to inhibit restenosis in humans. Large animal models have been more successful than small animal models in predicting efficacy of interventions to inhibit restenosis in humans, but the results of studies carried out with these models have not been uniformly predictive. Confirmation of the results of small animal studies in large animals has not always yielded information predictive of success in humans; however, the absence of such confirmation has had strong negative predictive value. Small animal models used for evaluation of interventions to inhibit luminal narrowing following arterial instrumentation have failed to closely simulate human atherosclerosis and the stenotic lesions subjected to instrumentation in humans. Transgenic, atherosclerotic animals hold promise for the development of more useful small animal models to study mechanisms of the response of diseased arteries to angioplasty and stents. The pig has been the most useful large animal to study stenosis/ restenosis, but more information is needed to overcome the limitations of this model.
Bacterial histone HBb from Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus compacts DNA by bending

Histones are essential for genome compaction and transcription regulation in eukaryotes, where they assemble into octamers to form the nucleosome core. In contrast, archaeal histones assemble into dimers that form hypernucleosomes upon DNA binding. Although histone homologs have recently been identified in bacteria, their DNA-binding characteristics remain largely unexplored. Our study reveals that the bacterial histone HBb is indispensable for the survival of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus, suggesting critical roles in DNA organization and gene regulation. We also elucidate the crystal structure of the HBb dimer at 1.06 Å resolution and employ various biophysico-chemical approaches to show its ability to bind and compact DNA in a sequence-independent manner. This binding induces DNA bending, similar to that observed with bacterial HU/IHF family proteins. Finally, using DNA affinity purification and sequencing, we reveal that HBb binds along the entire genomic DNA of B. bacteriovorus without sequence specificity. These unique DNA-binding properties of bacterial histones, distinct from their archaeal and eukaryotic counterparts, highlight the diverse roles that histones can play in DNA organization across the domains of life. Author Summary Histones, traditionally known for organizing and regulating DNA in eukaryotes and archaea, have recently been discovered in bacteria, opening up a new frontier in our understanding of genome organization across the domains of life. Our study investigates the largely unexplored DNA-binding properties of bacterial histones, focusing on HBb in Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus. We reveal that HBb is essential for bacterial survival and exhibits DNA-binding akin to the bacterial nucleoid-associated HU/IHF family proteins. Contrary to eukaryotic and archaeal histones that wrap DNA, HBb bends DNA without sequence specificity. This work not only broadens our understanding of DNA organization across different life forms but also suggests that bacterial histones may have diverse roles in genome organization, distinct from their eukaryotic and archaeal counterparts.
Microsnoop: a generalist tool for the unbiased representation of 1 heterogeneous microscopy images

16 Automated and accurate profiling of microscopy images from small-scale to high-throughput 17 is becoming an essential procedure in basic and applied biological research. Here, we present 18 Microsnoop, a novel deep learning-based representation tool trained on large-scale microscopy 19 images using masked self-supervised learning, which eliminates the need for manual annotation. 20 Microsnoop is able to unbiasedly profile a wide range of complex and heterogeneous images, 21 including single-cell, fully-imaged and batch-experiment data. We evaluated the performance of 22 Microsnoop using seven high-quality datasets, containing over 358,000 images and 1,270,000 23 single cells with varying resolutions and channels from cellular organelles to tissues. Our results 24 demonstrate Microsnoop's robustness and state-of-the-art performance in all biological 25 applications, outperforming previous generalist and even custom algorithms. Furthermore, we 26 presented its potential contribution for multi-modal studies. Microsnoop is highly inclusive of
NuSAP participates in metaphase spindle length control in mammalians

Precise chromosome congression and segregation require proper assembly of a steady-state metaphase spindle, which is dynamic and maintained by continuous microtubule flux. NuSAP is a microtubule-stabilizing and -bundling protein that promotes chromosomedependent spindle assembly. However, its function in spindle dynamics remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that NuSAP regulates the dynamics and length control of the metaphase spindle. Mechanistically, NuSAP facilitates kinetochore capture and spindle assembly via promoting Eg5 binding with microtubules. It also prevents excessive microtubule depolymerization through interacting with Kif2A and reduces its spindle-pole localization. NuSAP is phosphorylated by Aurora A at Ser-240 during mitosis, and this phosphorylation promotes its interaction with Kif2A on the spindle body and reduces its localization to the spindle poles, thus maintaining the proper spindle microtubule flux. NuSAP knockout resulted in shorter spindle formation with faster microtubule flux and chromosome misalignment. Taken together, we uncover that NuSAP participates in spindle assembly, dynamics, and metaphase spindle length control via affecting microtubule flux and Kif2A localization.
Active zone protein SYD-2/Liprin-α acts downstream of LRK-1/LRRK2 to regulate polarized trafficking of synaptic vesicle precursors through clathrin adaptor protein complexes

Synaptic vesicle proteins (SVps) are thought to travel in heterogeneous carriers dependent on the motor UNC-104/KIF1A. In C. elegans neurons, we found that some SVps are transported along with lysosomal proteins by the motor UNC-104/KIF1A. LRK-1/LRRK2 and the clathrin adaptor protein complex AP-3 are critical for the separation of lysosomal proteins from SVp transport carriers. In lrk-1 mutants, both SVp carriers and SVp carriers containing lysosomal proteins are independent of UNC-104, suggesting that LRK-1 plays a key role in ensuring UNC-104-dependent transport of SVps. Additionally, LRK-1 likely acts upstream of the AP-3 complex and regulates the membrane localization of AP-3. The action of AP-3 is necessary for the active zone protein SYD-2/Liprin-α to facilitate the transport of SVp carriers. In the absence of the AP-3 complex, SYD-2/Liprin-α acts with UNC-104 to instead facilitate the transport of SVp carriers containing lysosomal proteins. We further show that the mistrafficking of SVps into the dendrite in lrk-1 and apb-3 mutants depends on SYD-2, likely by regulating the recruitment of the AP-1/UNC-101. We propose that SYD-2 acts in concert with both the AP-1 and AP-3 complexes to ensure polarized trafficking of SVps.
Calculations on the Optical Modulation Transfer Function of the Human Eye for White Light

Modulation transfer functions of the dioptrics of the human eye for white (equal energy distribution) light were calculated for different pupil sizes from experimental data on the aberrations. The largest aberration is the chromatic difference of focus. Since this aberration is well known quantitatively and is subject to small individual differences only, the calculated modulation transfer functions can be considered as representative for human eyes in general. The present calculations, the fundus reflection measurements of the line-spread function by Campbell and Gubisch [1], and the measurements of retinal scattering by Ohzu and Enoch [2] confirm each other. Modulation transfer functions were also calculated for just noticeable focusing errors, and may be informative on the tolerance limit to visual image quality. The calculations have been extended to the special conditions of vision at low luminances.
Advanced Stokes polarimeter: a new instrument for solar magnetic field research

A new Stokes polarimeter for high spatial resolution quantitative measurement of magnetic fields at multiple heights in the solar atmosphere has been constructed by the National Center for Atmospheric Research and the National Solar Observatory. The instrument uses the Vacuum Tower Telescope at Sunspot, New Mexico, and its existing horizontal spectrograph, universal birefringment filter, and image motion stabilization system. The polarimeter uses a rotating retarder polarization modulator with polarization calibration optics. Multiple paired CCDs are used for detection followed by video processing to produce spatial maps of the full state of polarization in restricted regions of the solar spectrum. Two spectral regions encompassing lines sensitive to the Zeeman effect, which form in the photosphere and low chromosphere, are recorded simultaneously. Significant developments include: construction of the new telescope post focus optical arrangement, creation of a polarization model for the telescope, construction of high-speed, low-noise solid state cameras, and construction of computer hardware for receiving and processing high-rate 12-bit digital data.
The Applicability of Mathematics as a Scientific and a Logical Problem

This paper explores how to explain the applicability of classical mathematics to the physical world in a radically naturalistic and nominalistic philosophy of mathematics. The applicability claim is first formulated as an ordinary scientific assertion about natural regularity in a class of natural phenomena and then turned into a logical problem by some scientific simplification and abstraction. I argue that there are some genuine logical puzzles regarding applicability and no current philosophy of mathematics has resolved these puzzles. Then I introduce a plan for resolving the logical puzzles of applicability.
The Epidemiology of lnherited Thrombophilia: the VITA Project

lntroduction Table l. Prevalence of AT:III, PC, PS deficiency and FV Leiden mutation in healthy population, associated thrombotic risk and prevalence in thrombotic patients. trnherited thrombophilia is a clinical condition characterized by the occurrence of multiple episodes of venous thromboembolism (VTE) within a family (l). This working definition implies that some factors, either genetic or behavioral, may be responsible for the occurrence of VTE. Although in most cases the suspicion of inherited thrombophilia may be raised by the observation of a familial cluster of VTE, in other instances only the proband (or index-case) is affected, especially in small families. By close investigation of severely affected families, an increasing number of genetic abnormalities has been related to inherited thrombophilia. These abnormalities differ signiticantly both for their prevalence in the general population and their thrombotic risk, but no reliable data exist at this regard. In this paper, we will analyze the prevalence of different