Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The New Politics of Consumption Why Americans want so much more than they need

consuming is as authentic as it gets. Advertisements, getting a bargain, garage sales, and credit cards are firmly entrenched pillars of our way of life. We shop on our lunch hours, patronize outlet malls on vacation, and satisfy our latest desires with a late-night click of the mouse. Yet for all its popularity, the shopping mania provokes considerable dis-ease: many Americans worry about our preoccupation with getting and spending. They fear we are losing touch with more worthwhile values and ways of living. But the discomfort rarely goes much further than that; it never coheres into a persuasive, well-articulated critique of consumerism. By contrast, in the 1960s and early ’70s, a far-reaching critique of consumer culture was a part of our political discourse. Elements of the New Left, influenced by the Frankfurt School, as well as by John Kenneth Galbraith and others, put forward a scathing indictment. They argued that Americans had been manipulated into participating in a dumbed-down, artificial consumer culture, which yielded few true human satisfactions. For reasons that are not hard to imagine, this particular approach was shortlived, even among critics of American society and culture. It seemed too patronizing to talk about manipulation or the “true needs” of average Americans. In its stead, critics adopted a more liberal point of view, and deferred to individuals on consumer issues. Social critics again emphasized the distribution of resources, with the more economistic goal of maximizing the incomes of working people. The good life, they suggested, could be achieved by attaining a comfortable, middle-class standard of living. This outlook was particularly prevalent in economics, where even radical economists have long believed that income is the key to well-being. While radical political economy, as it came to be called, retained a powerful critique of alienation in production and the distribution of property, it abandoned the nascent intellectual project of analyzing the consumer sphere. Few economists now think about how we consume, and whether it reproduces class inequality, alienation, or power. “Stuff” is the part of the equation that the system is thought to have gotten nearly right. Of course, many Americans retained a critical stance toward our consumer culture. They embody that stance in their daily livesÑin the ways they live and raise their kids. But the rejection of consumerism, if you will, has taken place principally at an individual level. It is not associated with a widely accepted intellectual analysis, and an associated critical politics of consumption.
Subliminal fear priming potentiates negative facial reactions to food pictures in women with anorexia nervosa

Background To investigate hedonic reactivity and the influence of unconscious emotional processes on the low sensitivity to positive reinforcement of food in anorexia nervosa (AN). Method AN and healthy women were exposed to palatable food pictures just after a subliminal exposure to facial expressions (happy, disgust, fear and neutral faces), either while fasting or after a standardized meal (hunger versus satiety). Both implicit [facial electromyographic (EMG) activity from zygomatic and corrugator muscles, skin conductance, heart rate, and videotaped facial behavior] and explicit (self-reported pleasure and desire) measures of affective processes were recorded. Results In contrast to healthy women, the AN patients did not display objective and subjective indices of pleasure to food pictures when they were in the hunger states. Pleasure to food cues (liking) was more affected than the desire to eat (wanting) in AN patients. Subliminal ‘fear faces’ increased corrugator muscle reactivity to food stimuli in fasting AN patients, as compared to controls. Conclusions The results suggest that unconscious fear cues increase the negative appraisal of alimentary stimuli in AN patients and thus contribute to decreased energy intake.
Scale-free networks revealed from finite-size scaling

Networks play a vital role in the development of predictive models of physical, biological, and social collective phenomena. A quite remarkable feature of many of these networks is that they are believed to be approximately scale free: the fraction of nodes with $k$ incident links (the degree) follows a power law $p(k)\propto k^{-\lambda}$ for sufficiently large degree $k$. The value of the exponent $\lambda$ as well as deviations from power law scaling provide invaluable information on the mechanisms underlying the formation of the network such as small degree saturation, variations in the local fitness to compete for links, and high degree cutoffs owing to the finite size of the network. Indeed real networks are not infinitely large and the largest degree of any network cannot be larger than the number of nodes. Finite size scaling is a useful tool for analyzing deviations from power law behavior in the vicinity of a critical point in a physical system arising due to a finite correlation length. Here we show that despite the essential differences between networks and critical phenomena, finite size scaling provides a powerful framework for analyzing self-similarity and the scale free nature of empirical networks. We analyze about two hundred naturally occurring networks with distinct dynamical origins, and find that a large number of these follow the finite size scaling hypothesis without any self-tuning. Notably this is the case of biological protein interaction networks, technological computer and hyperlink networks and informational citation and lexical networks. Marked deviations appear in other examples, especially infrastructure and transportation networks, but also social, affiliation and annotation networks. Strikingly, the values of the scaling exponents are not independent but satisfy an approximate exponential relationship.
Fetal brain death. Two case reports

l'alirnt m. 1 A healthy 26-year-old woman was admitted in her second pregnancy at 42 weeks and 5 days gestation. The first pregnancy had been uneventful and she was delivered at home of a healthy daughter weighing 3450 g. 'The current pregnancy had been normal until 42 weeks and 1 day when she noticed an absence of fetal movements. She was referred 4 days later. On examination her blood pressure was 130190 mmHg, the fundal height was normal and there was no oedema or proteinuria. The fetal heart rate (1:l IR) recording showed a markedly fixed pattern at 160 beatsimin without decelerations (Fig. 1Aj. Ultrasonographic investigation showed a fetus without detectable anomalies; the amount of fluid and the placcnta seemed normal. No body or breathing movements were observed on several occasions. Amniotomy was performed and the fluid appeared to be a light greenibrown colour. A microblood sample taken from the fetal scalp revealed normal values: p H 7.33, base-excess (BE) -2.6. The FHR recorded from a scalp-electrode i s shown in Fig. 1B. After oxytocin stimulation she was delivered of a female infant weighing 3300 g in a depressed condition; it was floppy, pale, and had no spontaneous breathing. The heart rate was 60 beatsimin. A blood sample from the umbilical artery was normal: pH 7.42, BE + 1.6. The infant was artificially ventilated and the heart rate improved
"Histiocytic markers" in melanoma.

BACKGROUND Tumor cells of malignant melanoma, the "great imitator," may morphologically mimic almost any cell, including histiocytes. Immunohistochemical stains for histiocytes are often used to distinguish histiocytic lesions that resemble melanomas, but we have noted and others have reported that these markers may be immunoreactive in melanomas. METHODS We evaluated 43 primary and metastatic melanomas with traditional markers for melanomas (S100, HMB45, and NKI-C3) and common markers used for histiocytes (alpha-1-antitrypsin or AAT, CD68/KP1, HAM56, Mac387, and Muramidase). The extent (<5%, 5 to 30%, 30 to 60%, 60 to 90%, >90%) and intensity (1+ to 4+) of staining were recorded semi-quantitatively. RESULTS Melanoma immunoreactivity (>5% of tumor cells) was as follows: S100, 100%; HMB45, 91%; NKI, 91%; AAT, 95%; CD68, 86%; HAM56, 26%; Mac387, 7%; and Muramidase, 30%. Among the histiocytic markers, staining by AAT and CD68 was typically diffuse but weak. Staining by HAM56, Mac387, and Muramidase was usually focal. In contrast, the traditional melanoma markers showed diffuse and strong staining. Interpretation of the histiocytic markers was complicated by scattered atypical histiocytes and pigmented tumor cells. CONCLUSION Melanomas are commonly immunoreactive for histiocytic markers. AAT and CD68 immunostains are diffusely positive almost as frequently as traditional melanoma markers, although with weaker intensity. HAM56, Mac387, and Muramidase are less commonly positive and exhibit focal staining. Therefore, depending on the context, histiocytic markers may not be helpful in differentiating histiocytes and histiocytic tumors from melanomas.
Urine cytological findings of plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder: report of two cases

Plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma (PUC) is a rare but distinctive variant of urothelial carcinoma (UC). Since the initial reports, over 20 cases have been described to date. PUC is unusual in that the cancer cells apparently resemble plasma cells. In the first report of PUC, fine needle aspiration cytology of the metastatic lesion was confused with multiple myeloma. Despite its seemingly plasma cell-like appearance, the epithelial nature of PUC can be demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. As the number of reported PUC cases is small, the clinicopathological characteristics of PUC are still poorly understood. Nevertheless, PUC is generally regarded as a high-grade cancer with frequent stromal ⁄ vascular invasion, and is often at an advanced stage when diagnosed. Thus, it is clinically important to diagnose PUC accurately at an early stage when radical treatment is feasible. Urine cytology is indispensable in the screening and follow-up of urinary tract cancer. UC, especially high-grade UC and carcinoma in situ (CIS), are routinely diagnosed by urine cytology, because their diagnostic criteria are well established. However, the cytopathological characteristics specific to PUC are still obscure, as the urine cytology findings are only available in one case. We here report two additional cases of PUC of urinary bladder, whose cytological findings in urine were examined in detail in an attempt to describe cytopathological features of PUC more fully. Case history
Diagnosis and management of amebiasis.

s of the annual meeting of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 18-22 October1998. North- brook, IL: 1998. 56. Gilman R, Islam M, Paschi S, Goleburn J, Ahmad F Comparison of con- ventional and immunofluorescent techniques for the detection of Entamoeba histolytica in rectal biopsies. Gastroenterology 1980;78:435-9. 57. Rails PW. Focal inflammatory disease of the liver. Radiol Clin North Am 1998; 36:377-89. 58. Kimura K, Stoopen M, Reeder MM, Moncada R. Amebiasis: modern diagnostic imaging with pathological and clinical correlation. Semin Roent- genol 1997; 32:250-75. 59. Huston CD, Petri WA Jr. Amebiasis. In: Rakel RE, ed. Conn's current therapy. New York: W.B. Saunders (in press). 60. Rajak CL, Gupta S, Jain S, Chawla Y, Gulati M, Suri S. Percutaneous treatment of liver abscesses: needle aspiration versus catheter drainage. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1998; 170:1035-9. 61. Tandon A, Jain AK, Dixit VK, Agarwal AK, Gupta JP. Needle aspiration in large amoebic liver abscess. Trop Gastroenterol 1997; 18:19-21. 62. Petri WA Jr, Ravdin JI. Protection of gerbils from amebic liver abscess by immunization with the galactose-specific adherence lectin of Entamoeba histolytica. Infect Immun 1991;59:97-101. 63. Zhang T, Stanley SL Jr. Protection of gerbils from amebic liver abscess by This content downloaded from 157.55. 39.23 on Sun, 26 Mar 2017 18:12:48 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor. org/terms CID 1999;29 (November) Amebiasis1125 immunization with a recombinant protein derived from the 170-kilodalton surface adhesin of Entamoeba histolytica. Infect Immun 1994; 62:2605-8. 64. Zhang T, Cieslak PR, Foster L, Kuntz-Jenkins C, Stanley SL Jr. Antibodies to the serine rich Entamoeba histolytica protein (SREHP) prevent amoebic liver abscess in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. Parasite Immunol 1994; 16:225-30. 65. Soong CJG, Kain KC, Abd-Alla M, Jackson TFHG, Ravdin JI. A recombinant cysteine-rich section of the Entamoeba histolytica galactose inhib- itable lectin is efficacious as a subunit vaccine in the Gerbil model of amebic liver abscess. J Infect Dis 1995; 171:645-51. 66. Mann BJ, Burkholder BV, Lockhart LA. Protection in a gerbil model of amebiasis by oral immunization with Salmonella expressing the galactose N-acetyl D-galactosamine inhibitable lectin of Entamoeba histolytica. Vac- cine 1997; 15:659-63. 67. Huston CD, Petri WA Jr. The host-pathogen interaction in amebiasis: Is a vaccine feasible? Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1998; 17:601-14. 68. Salata RA, Pearson RP, Murphy CF, Ravdin JI. Interaction of human leu- kocytes with Entamoeba histolytica: killing of virulent amebae by the activated macrophage. J Clin Invest 1985; 76:491-9. 69. Denis M, Chadee K. Human neutrophils activated by interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha kill Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites in vitro. J Leukoc Biol 1989;46:270-4. This content downloaded from 157.55. 39.23 on Sun, 26 Mar 2017 18:12:48 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor. org/terms
Characterization of an Insertion Sequence Element Associated with Genetically Diverse Plant PathogenicStreptomyces spp

ABSTRACT Streptomycetes are common soil inhabitants, yet few described species are plant pathogens. While the pathogenicity mechanisms remain unclear, previous work identified a gene, nec1, which encodes a putative pathogenicity or virulence factor. nec1 and a neighboring transposase pseudogene, ORFtnp, are conserved among unrelated plant pathogens and absent from nonpathogens. The atypical GC content of nec1 suggests that it was acquired through horizontal transfer events. Our investigation of the genetic organization of regions adjacent to the 3′ end of nec1 inStreptomyces scabies 84.34 identified a new insertion sequence (IS) element, IS1629, with homology to other IS elements from prokaryotic animal pathogens. IS1629 is 1,462 bp with 26-bp terminal inverted repeats and encodes a putative 431-amino-acid (aa) transposase. Transposition of IS1629 generates a 10-bp target site duplication. A 77-nucleotide (nt) sequence encompassing the start codon and upstream region of the transposase was identified which could function in the posttranscritpional regulation of transposase synthesis. A functional copy of IS1629 from S. turgidiscabies 94.09 (Hi-C-13) was selected in the transposon trap pCZA126, through its insertion into the λcI857 repressor. IS1629 is present in multiple copies in some S. scabies strains and is present in all S. acidiscabies and S. turgidiscabies strains examined. A second copy of IS1629 was identified between ORFtnp andnec1 in S. acidiscabiesstrains. The diversity of IS1629 hybridization profiles was greatest within S. scabies. IS1629 was absent from the 27 nonpathogenic Streptomyces strains tested. The genetic organization and nucleotide sequence of thenec1-IS1629 region was conserved and identical among representatives of S. acidiscabiesand S. turgidiscabies. These findings support our current model for the unidirectional transfer of the ORFtnp-nec1-IS1629 locus from IS1629-containing S. scabies (type II) toS. acidiscabies and S. turgidiscabies.
Molecular basis for the binding of 2-aminotetralins to human dopamine D2A and D3 receptors.

The affinities of a series of stereochemically well defined 2-aminotetralin derivatives for cloned human dopamine D2A (443 amino acids) and D3 receptors expressed in mammalian cell lines have been determined using [3H]raclopride as radioligand. Several of the compounds tested showed high selectivity for the D3 receptor. Notably, (R)-7-hydroxy-2-dipropylaminotetralin displayed 70-fold selectivity for the D3 receptor and its cis-C1-methyl analog, (1S,2R)-AJ-148, displayed 38-fold selectivity. Large differences in receptor binding affinities between the compounds were obtained, despite the close structural relationship of the compounds. To better understand the receptor interactions of these compounds, we have constructed homology-based receptor models of the human D2A and D3 receptors by using bacteriorhodopsin as a template. The resulting model was used in conjunction with an indirect model. The indirect model describes a proposed active agonist conformation for dopaminergic 2-aminotetralins and related compounds and consists of a receptor excluded volume that was used to define the agonist binding site. We docked a number of ligands into the D2A and D3 binding sites by optimizing attractive interactions and minimizing repulsive interactions. In the binding site model of the D2A receptor, the protonated nitrogen of the ligands interacts with Asp-114 in transmembrane region (TM) 3 through a reinforced ionic bond. The aspartic acid is surrounded by aromatic residues that may stabilize the ion pair formed with the protonated ligands. In addition, a hydrogen bond is formed from the phenolic hydrogen of the agonist ligands to Ser-193 (TM 5). Aromatic edge-to-face interactions occur between Phe-390 (TM 6) and the aromatic ring of the agonists. 2-Aminotetralin-based dopaminergic antagonists [e.g., (1S,2R)-UH-232] structurally related to agonists have a different but partly overlapping mode of binding, with the aromatic ring located more extracellularly, compared with agonists. The structure-activity relationships that are apparent from this and previous studies are qualitatively rationalized by the binding site models.
Commercial Real Estate Return Distributions: A Review of Literature and Empirical Evidence

This paper review the literature on the distribution of commercial real estate returns. There is growing evidence that the assumption of normality in returns is not safe. Distributions are found to be peaked, fat-tailed and, tentatively, skewed. There is some evidence of compound distributions and non-linearity. Public traded real estate assets (such as property company or REIT shares) behave in a fashion more similar to other common stocks. However, as in equity markets, it would be unwise to assume normality uncritically. Empirical evidence for UK real estate markets is obtained by applying distribution fitting routines to IPD Monthly Index data for the aggregate index and selected sub-sectors. It is clear that normality is rejected in most cases. It is often argued that observed differences in real estate returns are a measurement issue resulting from appraiser behaviour. However, unsmoothing the series does not assist in modelling returns. A large proportion of returns are close to zero. This would be characteristic of a thinly-traded market where new information arrives infrequently. Analysis of quarterly data suggests that, over longer trading periods, return distributions may conform more closely to those found in other asset markets. These results have implications for the formulation and implementation of a multi-asset portfolio allocation strategy.
Freshwater snails and Schistosomiasis mansoni in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: IV - Sul Fluminense Mesoregion.

In this paper, the forth of a series dealing with the survey of freshwater gastropods of the state of Rio de Janeiro, the results of collections carried out in the Sul Fluminense Mesoregion from 2000 to 2002 are presented and revealed the occurrence of 18 species: Antillorbis nordestensis; Biomphalaria glabrata; Biomphalaria peregrina; Biomphalaria straminea; Biomphalaria tenagophila; Drepanotrema anatinum; Drepanotrema cimex; Drepanotrema lucidum; Ferrissia sp. ; Gundlachia ticaga; Gundlachia sp. ; Heleobia sp. ; Lymnaea columella; Melanoides tuberculatus; Physa acuta; Physa marmorata; Pomacea sordida and Pomacea sp. As to the snail hosts of Schistosoma mansoni the most frequent species was B. tenagophila, found in all municipalities surveyed, except Parati. Besides new records the present study extends the distribution of B. peregrina and B. straminea in the state. No specimens were found harbouring larval forms of S. mansoni although different kinds of cercariae had been observed. An account about the current schistosomiasis transmission sites in this Mesoregion is presented as well.
Unveiling Variability and Uncertainty for Better Science and Decisions on Cancer Risks from Environmental Chemicals

The National Research Council 2009 “Silver Book” panel report included a recommendation that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) should increase all of its chemical carcinogen (CC) potency estimates by ∼7‐fold to adjust for a purported median‐vs.‐mean bias that I recently argued does not exist (Bogen KT. “Does EPA underestimate cancer risks by ignoring susceptibility differences? ,” Risk Analysis, 2014; 34(10):1780–1784). In this issue of the journal, my argument is critiqued for having flaws concerning: (1) intent, bias, and conservatism of EPA estimates of CC potency; (2) bias in potency estimates derived from epidemiology; and (3) human‐animal CC‐potency correlation. However, my argument remains valid, for the following reasons. (1) EPA's default approach to estimating CC risks has correctly focused on bounding average (not median) individual risk under a genotoxic mode‐of‐action (MOA) assumption, although pragmatically the approach leaves both inter‐individual variability in CC–susceptibility, and widely varying CC‐specific magnitudes of fundamental MOA uncertainty, unquantified. (2) CC risk estimates based on large epidemiology studies are not systematically biased downward due to limited sampling from broad, lognormal susceptibility distributions. (3) A good, quantitative correlation is exhibited between upper‐bounds on CC‐specific potency estimated from human vs. animal studies (n = 24, r = 0.88, p = 2 × 10−8). It is concluded that protective upper‐bound estimates of individual CC risk that account for heterogeneity in susceptibility, as well as risk comparisons informed by best predictions of average‐individual and population risk that address CC‐specific MOA uncertainty, should each be used as separate, complimentary tools to improve regulatory decisions concerning low‐level, environmental CC exposures.
SEROLOGICAL RESPONSE TO INTRANASAL ADMINISTRATION OF INACTIVE INFLUENZA VIRUS IN CHILDREN.

The. published reports on antibody response of human individuals to the inhalation of influenza virus have been most concerned with the effect of active or "attenuated" virus (1 to 9). In some instances experimental disease was induced to test the efficacy of previous vaccination or to note the effects of inhalation of active virus on the production of antibodies against influenza. Burnet (7) reported that 68 to 80 per cent of a group he studied did not show significant changes in antibody titer when they inhaled an "attenuated" influenza virus preparation. It has been demonstrated (6 to 9) that inhalation of active influenza virus can give a modified form of the disease and result in good antibody responses. It has also been shown (ic, 2 to 5) that subcutaneously injected influenza vaccine results in protection against experimentally induced disease. Recently Henld, Henle, Stokes and Maris (10), using serologically determined antibody response as a basis for comparison, concluded that inhalation of active or inactive virus, mostly unconcentrated, was not as effective as subcutaneously injected vaccine. The present study was conducted to determine the antigenic effect of inactive virus in concentrated form given intranasally, by a single or multiple spray. This effect was compared to that obtained with subcutaneous vaccination.