Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Sparse Multiclass Motor Imagery EEG Classification Using 1D-ConvResNet

Multiclass motor imagery classification is essential for brain–computer interface systems such as prosthetic arms. The compressive sensing of EEG helps classify brain signals in real-time, which is necessary for a BCI system. However, compressive sensing is limited, despite its flexibility and data efficiency, because of its sparsity and high computational cost in reconstructing signals. Although the constraint of sparsity in compressive sensing has been addressed through neural networks, its signal reconstruction remains slow, and the computational cost increases to classify the signals further. Therefore, we propose a 1D-Convolutional Residual Network that classifies EEG features in the compressed (sparse) domain without reconstructing the signal. First, we extract only wavelet features (energy and entropy) from raw EEG epochs to construct a dictionary. Next, we classify the given test EEG data based on the sparse representation of the dictionary. The proposed method is computationally inexpensive, fast, and has high classification accuracy as it uses a single feature to classify without preprocessing. The proposed method is trained, validated, and tested using multiclass motor imagery data of 109 subjects from the PhysioNet database. The results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art classifiers with 96.6% accuracy.
Scattering-induced Optical Polarization in Thick Accretion Disks

A general formalism for calculating the linear polarization induced by scattering within the central funnel of a thick accretion disk is presented, and it is shown that multiple photon reflections off the funnel walls can produce polarization values of up to about 10 percent, with the polarization position angle aligned parallel to the disk symmetry axis. It is suggested that this process is responsible for the observed optical polarization levels in X-ray-selected BL Lac objects (XBLs), which generally show linear polarization percentages P less than about 10 percent. According to this interpretation, XBLs with high optical polarization are viewed at an angle of less than about 60 deg to the funnel axis and their projected polarization vectors should be preferentially aligned with the associated radio jets. The possible relevance of this model to Seyfer 1 galaxies and quasars is also discussed. 63 refs.
Drug Resistance Patterns of Commonly Used Antibiotics for the Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection among South Asian Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: In South Asia, resistance to commonly used antibiotics for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection is increasing. Despite this, accurate estimates of overall antibiotic resistance are missing. Thus, this review aims to analyze the resistance rates of commonly used antibiotics for the treatment of H. pylori in South Asia. Methods: The systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis statement. We searched five medical databases for relevant studies from inception to September 2022. A random effect model with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to calculate the pooled prevalence of antibiotic resistance. Results: This systematic review and meta-analysis included 23 articles, 6357 patients, 3294 Helicobacter pylori isolates, and 2192 samples for antibiotic resistance. The prevalences of antibiotic resistance to common antibiotics were clarithromycin: 27% (95%CI: 0.17–0.38), metronidazole: 69% (95%CI: 0.62–0.76), tetracycline: 16% (95%CI: 0.06–0.25), amoxicillin: 23% (95%CI: 0.15–0.30), ciprofloxacin: 12% (95%CI: 0.04–0.23), levofloxacin: 34% (95%CI: 0.22–0.47), and furazolidone: 14% (95%CI: 0.06–0.22). Subgroup analysis showed antibiotic resistances were more prevalent in Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh. Furthermore, a ten-year trend analysis showed the increasing resistance prevalence for clarithromycin (21% to 30%), ciprofloxacin (3% to 16%), and tetracycline (5% to 20%) from 2003 to 2022. Conclusion: This meta-analysis showed a high prevalence of resistance among the commonly used antibiotics for H. pylori in South Asian countries. Furthermore, antibiotic resistance has been increasing over the time of 20 years. In order to tackle this situation, a robust surveillance system, and strict adherence to antibiotic stewardship are required.
Jet Magnetically Accelerated from Advection Dominated Accretion Flow

A jet model for the jet power arising from a steady, optically thin, advection dominated accretion flow (ADAF) around a Kerr black hole (BH) is proposed. We investigate the typical numerical solutions of ADAF, and calculate the jet power from an ADAF using a general relativistic version of electronic circuit theory. It is shown that the jet power concentrates in the inner region of the accretion flow, and the higher the degree to which the flow advection-dominated is, the lower the jet power from the ADAF is.
Duration of forensic psychiatric care and subsequent criminal recidivism in individuals sentenced in Sweden between 2009 and 2019

Background The duration of forensic psychiatric care is in Sweden not determined at the time of sentencing; instead, offenders are regularly evaluated, often with regard to risk of criminal recidivism. The length and justifiability of such a sanction have been greatly debated; however, previous estimates of treatment duration based on datasets delimited to discharged patients—have provided an uncertain groundwork for these deliberations. The aim of this study was to use a more suitable approach to calculate average duration of forensic psychiatric care and to examine the relationship between length of treatment and subsequent recidivism after discharge. Methods This retrospective cohort study focused on offenders sentenced to forensic psychiatric care in Sweden between 2009 and 2019 and registered in the Swedish National Forensic Psychiatric Register (n = 2064), with a follow-up period until May 2020. We used Kaplan–Meier estimator to calculate and visualize treatment duration including analyses comparing levels of relevant variables, and then evaluated criminal recidivism in patients discharged from treatment between 2009 and 2019 (n = 640), after stratification for the same variables and dichotomization by treatment duration. Results The median duration of forensic psychiatric care was estimated to 89.7 months (95% CI 83.2–95.8). Treatment was longer in offenders who committed violent crimes, suffered from psychosis, or had a history of substance use disorder, and in offenders whose sentences included special court supervision. The cumulative incidence of recidivism in patients discharged from treatment was estimated to 13.5% at 12 months (95% CI 10.6–16.2) and 19.5% at 24 months (95% CI 16.0–22.8). Corresponding cumulative incidence of violent crime post discharge was 6.3% at 12 months (95% CI 4.3–8.3) and 9.9% at 24 months (95% CI 7.3–12.4). Among other findings, in patients without a history of substance use disorder and patients whose sentences did not include special court supervision, recidivism was significantly higher in those with a shorter treatment duration. Conclusion Using the entirety of a suitable, contemporary, prospectively enrolled cohort of mentally ill offenders, we were able to estimate—with greater accuracy than previous studies—the average duration of Swedish forensic psychiatric care and rate of subsequent criminal recidivism.
Stationary pulse propagation in n-core nonlinear fiber arrays

We investigate, analytically and numerically, stationary pulse propagation in n-core nonlinear fiber arrays of circular symmetry. It is shown that many types of stationary pulse-like solitary waves exist in these arrays. Transitions between the states of different symmetries occur in the form of bifurcations. The exact formula which specifies the points where asymmetric solutions bifurcate from the solution, which has identical pulses in each core, is obtained for the general n-core case. Energy-spatial frequency bifurcation diagrams are constructed for the lowest order soliton solutions for the n=3, 4, and 5 cases. The envelopes of these solutions and distributions of their field amplitude maxima among the cores are also presented. >
Why is farming important for rural livelihood security in the global south? COVID-19 and changing rural livelihoods in Nepal's mid-hills

Over the last three decades, Nepal has experienced a rapid transition in rural livelihoods, from largely subsistence farming to more diversified off-farm employment and remittances. Despite this, subsistence farming continues to be a central part of rural production. Why does farming persist in the face of other, more remunerative, off-farm employment options? In this article we argue that subsistence food production continues to be important for rural livelihood security by providing food needs from farming, thus helping households to cope with uncertainties in off-farm employment and international labor migration. Taking the COVID-19 pandemic as an example of a high level of livelihood stress, the paper provides insights and further explanations on the logic of maintaining subsistence food production as part of rural households' livelihood security. Drawing on in-depth qualitative study, complemented with a quantitative survey from eight villages in rural Nepal, we examine the impact of the pandemic on farming and off-farm activities and explore the reasons behind peoples' choice of livelihood strategies and how these vary between different social groups. We show that there was only limited impact of the dramatic disruptions caused by the global pandemic on subsistence farming, however it brought substantial challenges for emerging semi-commercial farming and off-farm incomes, including both local and migratory wage labor. During the pandemic, people increased their reliance on locally produced food, and subsistence farming served as a critical safety net. Our analysis underscores the continued importance of subsistence production amidst contemporary shifts toward off-farm employment among rural households. We also find a growing interest in semi-commercial farming among farmers with better access to land who seek state support to develop such production. This suggests that it is important for agricultural development policy to recognize and support subsistence farming alongside emerging commercial agriculture production as an integral foundation of future farming and rural livelihood security.
Stress Response to Climate Change and Postharvest Handling in Two Differently Pigmented Lettuce Genotypes: Impact on Alternaria alternata Invasion and Mycotoxin Production

Many species of Alternaria are important pathogens that cause plant diseases and postharvest rots. They lead to significant economic losses in agriculture and affect human and animal health due to their capacity to produce mycotoxins. Therefore, it is necessary to study the factors that can result in an increase in A. alternata. In this study, we discuss the mechanism by which phenol content protects from A. alternata, since the red oak leaf cultivar (containing higher phenols) showed lower invasion than the green one, Batavia, and no mycotoxin production. A climate change scenario enhanced fungal growth in the most susceptible cultivar, green lettuce, likely because elevated temperature and CO2 levels decrease plant N content, modifying the C/N ratio. Finally, while the abundance of the fungi was maintained at similar levels after keeping the lettuces for four days at 4 °C, this postharvest handling triggered TeA and TEN mycotoxin synthesis, but only in the green cultivar. Therefore, the results demonstrated that invasion and mycotoxin production are cultivar- and temperature-dependent. Further research should be directed to search for resistant cultivars and effective postharvest strategies to reduce the toxicological risk and economic losses related to this fungus, which are expected to increase in a climate change scenario.
In situ study of multilayer reflectivity upon heat treatment under synchrotron radiation

Periodic multilayers deposited by Distributed Electron Cyclotron Resonance (DECR) sputtering were studied with synchrotron radiation at the ESRF bending magnet beam line BM5. In situ reflectivity measurements at a photon energy of 20keV have been carried out on these samples during a specific heat treatment. A dedicated furnace has been developed to heat the multilayers under vacuum from room temperature up to 550°C. [Ru/B4C]70 and [W/B4C]40 samples with repetition periods of about 4nm were chosen. Simulations of reflectivity measurements were performed to understand the evolution of layer thicknesses and interface widths. Additional ex-situ reflectivity measurements were done at 8keV before and after the annealing experiments to investigate irreversible effects. We will discuss the heat impact on the layered structure and in which way multilayer optics could be thermally pre-treated before their installation on synchrotron beam lines.
Identifying Bearing Faults Using Multiscale Residual Attention and Multichannel Neural Network

To solve the problem of the low signal-to-noise ratio and fault features can only be extracted from a single scale of traditional convolutional neural network (CNN) in vibration-based bearing fault diagnosis, this paper proposes a new multi-scale residual attention and multi-channel network (MSCNet), which can effectively reduce noise and fully extract meaningful features from different scales of the signal. The proposed method combines filtering methods to remove redundant parts and noise in the signal, and multiple filtered signals are input into the proposed CNN. The proposed CNN can perform multi-scale feature extraction on the signal and make the network focus on valuable information in the feature through the residual attention mechanism. Therefore, MSCNet achieves better performance. Experimental results on the published bearing datasets at the Paderborn University and the University of Ottawa show that MSCNet achieves 94.28% and 96.6% accuracy in strong noise environments, while outperforming five state-of-the-art (SOTA) networks in terms of accuracy.
The information transmission and risk contagion effect between green bond market and government bond market in China

The problem of correlation between the Chinese green bond market and the government bond market may affect the smooth operation of the national economy. In this paper, a total of 3,181 sets of data representing the China’s green bond market and the government bond market for the period 2010–2022 are selected, and the VECM-DCC-VARMA-AGARCH model is used to analyse the spillover effects between the two in terms of information transmission and risk contagion. The results indicate that 1) The dynamic correlation between the China’s green bond market and the government bond market is significant, with obvious information transmission and risk contagion effects. 2) Compared to the government bond market, the green bond market is more sensitive to new information and the intensity of the reflection is stronger. 3) There is a long-term equilibrium relationship between the China’s green bond market and the government bond market, and the government bond market will adjust in the direction of green bonds through an error correction mechanism when deviations occur. 4) There is a significant two-way risk contagion effect between the green bond market and the government bond market, but the intensity of the effect is asymmetric. 5) The dynamic correlation between the green bond market and the government bond market has been deepening. Based on the above findings, we have put forward some rationalisation proposals.
Overview of Trop-2 in Cancer: From Pre-Clinical Studies to Future Directions in Clinical Settings

Simple Summary Trophoblast cell surface antigen-2 (Trop-2) is a widely expressed glycoprotein on a variety of different tumours. Trop-2 is considered as a marker of germ cells and is associated with regenerative ability in several tissues. Some studies demonstrated both oncogenic and tumour suppressor roles for Trop-2. In recent years, the therapeutic value of Trop-2 was identified and various studies with drug–antibody conjugates have been pursued in cancer patients. In this work, we reviewed both the pre-clinical and clinical activities of anti-Trop-2 therapy to highlight the future developments of these therapies. Abstract Trophoblast cell surface antigen-2 (Trop-2) is a glycoprotein that was first described as a membrane marker of trophoblast cells and was associated with regenerative abilities. Trop-2 overexpression was also described in several tumour types. Nevertheless, the therapeutic potential of Trop-2 was widely recognized and clinical studies with drug–antibody conjugates have been initiated in various cancer types. Recently, these efforts have been rewarded with the approval of sacituzumab govitecan from both the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA), for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer patients. In our work, we briefly summarize the various characteristics of cancer cells overexpressing Trop-2, the pre-clinical activities of specific inhibitors, and the role of anti-Trop-2 therapy in current clinical practice. We also review the ongoing clinical trials to provide a snapshot of the future developments of these therapies.
Electrical Resistivity of (TMTTF)2PF6 under High Pressure

We investigated the resistivity of quasi 1D organic conductor (TMTTF) 2 PF 6 under high pressure ( P ≦10 GPa) using a cubic anvil pressure system, which can generate a high quality hydrostatic pressure. We observed a superconducting state of (TMTTF) 2 PF 6 under 4 ≦ P ≦5 GPa. Zero resistivity was observed under 4 ≦ P ≦4.5 GPa for the first time. We will discuss the pressure-induced superconductivity with a P – T phase diagram of (TMTTF) 2 PF 6 .
Effectiveness of Eigenspaces for Facial Expressions Recognition

638 Abstract— Making Computer Systems to recognize and infer facial expressions from the user image is a challenging research topic. A method of facial expression recognition, based on Eigenspaces is presented in this paper. In our approach we identify the user’s facial expressions from the input images, using a method that was modified from eigenface recognition. We have evaluated our method in terms of recognition accuracy using two well known Facial Expressions databases, CohnKanade facial expression database and Japanese Female Facial Expression database. The experimental results show the effectiveness of our scheme.
On the Use of Minimum Chi‐Square Estimation

The method of maximum likelihood estimation is widely used and its sovereignty has been questioned recently by Berkson (1980) who argues that minimum chi-square and not maximum likelihood is the basic principle of statistical inference. In any application a wide range of estimators exist that would be classed by Berkson as minimum chi-square estimators whilst in the literature the definition of such a class is not without ambiguity. This paper reviews some aspects of the history and background to this ambiguity and argues in favour of a wider use of "pure" minimum chi-square estimation. The usefulness of this method in the wider context of statistical modelling is illustrated by a consideration of the appropriateness of a geometric distribution to some bus passenger frequency data.
Liquid phase epitaxial growth of large area Hg1−xCdxTe epitaxial layers

The liquid phase epitaxial technique in a horizontal boat is used to grow large area epitaxial layers of Hg1−xCdxTe on CdTe substrates with x=1 to x=0.15. Areas as large as 25 cm2 have been grown from Te‐rich melts that have excellent compositional uniformity (Δx=0.001–0.0028) and run‐to‐run reproducibility (Δx=0.003–0.004). Results are presented on surface morphology, compositional grading, and electrical properties. Histograms are presented showing run‐to‐run wavelength reproducibility and uniformity across the epilayers for both 10–15 and 20–25 cm2 areas for selected wavelengths with x≂0.3. Data are presented showing run‐to‐run uniformity of carrier concentration (4.5±0.66×1016 cm−3) and hole mobility (272±15 cm2/Vs) at 77 K for x≂0.3, including their dependence on wavelength.
Estimation of heart rate power spectrum bands from real-world data: dealing with ectopic beats and noisy data

The authors examine two different methods for characterizing the heart rate (HR) power spectrum of data with bad intervals containing ectopic or missing beats. Both methods estimate the spectrum using the fast Fourier transform of the HR autocorrelation. Method I computes the autocorrelation without making explicit assumptions about the specific value of the HR in the bad intervals. The only assumption is that the bad intervals are relatively independent of the HR. Method II uses linear splines to fill in the HR during bad intervals. Comparing the performance of the methods for the specific problem of determining the low (0.02-0.1 Hz) and high (0.15-0.4 Hz) frequency powers, it is found that method II performs substantially better than method I. This finding, however, applies only to the specific spectral measures tested, and for other measures method I may yield better results. <<ETX>>
The Research on Support Vector Machine Ensemble Based on Adaptive Fuzzy Integral Method

The existed fuzzy integral fusion methods used the prior information of training samples to determine the value of fuzzy density, which is the same to any samples and can not reflect the different importance of support vector machine to different samples. A support vector machine ensemble based on adaptive fuzzy integral is presented, the classification confidence of individual support vector machine to test sample is determined according to the measurement level information and the adaptive fuzzy density is determined according to classification confidence.
Path analysis and empirical test of medical service enhancement for common prosperity under government participation

The level of medical services is the link between the two strategic goals of “healthy China” and “common prosperity,” and government participation plays an important adjustment role in it, so it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study its inner logic. In this paper, we firstly analyze the mechanism of medical service level to promote the development of common prosperity and the role of government in it; secondly, we construct a panel dynamic regression model and a threshold regression model to verify the relationship between the three. It is found that the contribution of both equity and efficiency of health care services to the achievement of common wealth is non-linear, and the degree of government participation plays an important adjustment role, with single and double threshold effects between them and the level of common prosperity, respectively. In the process of participating in the medical service market, the government should clearly position itself, actively play the demand-led role of the market, encourage private capital to provide quality medical services, and purposefully optimize the financial expenditure structure according to the local actual situation. There are many ways in which the government can be involved in health care, and there will be differences between China and other countries around the world. These are all worthy of further discussion.