Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Statistical Approach for Estimating Intervals of Certification or Biases of Facilities or Measurement Systems Including Uncertainties

A statistical approach for estimating intervals of certification or biases of facilities or measurement systems including uncertainties is set forth based on M×N-order level testing, which is defined as M repetitions of the same N-order level experiment in M different facilities or in the same facility with M different measurement systems. In the absence of reference values, the mean facility or measurement system is used for assessing intervals of certification or biases. Certification or biases of facilities or measurement systems are defined as processes for assessing probabilistic confidence intervals for facilities or measurement systems for specific tests, data reduction equations, conditions, procedures, and uncertainty analysis. Similarly, subgroup analysis is performed for isolating and assessing levels of differences due to use of different model sizes (scale effects) or measurement systems. An example is provided for towing tank facilities for resistance tests using standard uncertainty analysis procedures based on an international collaboration between three facilities. Although the number of facilities are at a minimum, the results demonstrate the usefulness of an approach and support recommendation of future collaborations between more facilities. Knowledge of intervals of certification or biases is important for design, accrediting facilities or measurement systems, and CFD validation.
Conventional Hospitalization versus Sequential Outpatient Parenteral Antibiotic Therapy for Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: Post-Hoc Analysis of a Multicenter Observational Cohort

It is not known whether sequential outpatient parenteral antimicrobial (OPAT) is as safe and effective as conventional hospitalization in patients with S. aureus bacteremia (SAB). A post-hoc analysis of the comparative effectiveness of conventional hospitalization versus sequential OPAT was performed in two prospective Spanish cohorts of patients with S. aureus bacteremia. The PROBAC cohort is a national, multicenter, prospective observational cohort of patients diagnosed in 22 Spanish hospitals between October 2016 and March 2017. The DOMUS OPAT cohort is a prospective observational cohort including patients from two university hospitals in Seville, Spain from 2012 to 2021. Multivariate regression was performed, including a propensity score (PS) for receiving OPAT, stratified analysis according to PS quartiles, and matched pair analyses based on PS. Four hundred and thirteen patients were included in the analysis: 150 in sequential OPAT and 263 in the full hospitalization therapy group. In multivariate analysis, including PS and center effect as covariates, 60-day treatment failure was lower in the OPAT group than in the full hospitalization group (p < 0.001; OR 0.275, 95%CI 0.129–0.584). In the PS-based matched analyses, sequential treatment under OPAT was not associated with higher 60-day treatment failure (p = 0.253; adjusted OR 0.660; % CI 0.324–1.345). OPAT is a safe and effective alternative to conventional in-patient therapy for completion of treatment in well-selected patients with SAB, mainly those associated with a low-risk source and without end-stage kidney disease.
Optical Disk Recording Using a GaN Blue-Violet Laser Diode

The combination of a GaN laser diode and a 0.85 numerical aperture objective has achieved an optical storage capacity of over 22 GB. Owing to sufficient modulation ability and low-noise characteristics, GaN semiconductor lasers possess adequate quality to be light sources in optical recording systems. A bit size of 130 nm×300 nm, corresponding to the areal recording density of 16.5 Gbit/in.2, was realized on a six-layered thin-cover phase-change disk with a crystallization-promoting structure. Each active layer was inversely stacked and was thermally as well as optically optimized for the blue-violet light sources. A new small electromagnetic actuator with a lightweight φ3 mm two-element lens has extended its servo-bandwidth up to 8 kHz and enabled precise focusing control at the data transfer rate of 35 Mbps.
In Search of Double Materiality in Non-Financial Reports: First Empirical Evidence

Materiality is the key principle that drives the selection of issues that companies must report on. The European Union regulation on companies’ non-financial disclosure coined a special meaning of materiality that holistically combines the two perspectives of financial and impact materiality into an overall “double materiality” (DM). The contrast detected between the early debate and the low level of empirical knowledge on DM provided by the literature on materiality disclosure gave rise to our research aim, which was to map the pioneering experiences of DM. In order to achieve this aim, we carried out an exploratory analysis on the non-financial reports of 58 companies, both European and non-European, operating in various industries (period 2019–2021). The results reveal “traces” of DM in the reports of few companies, mainly European ones. The aspects we examined, both with atomistic and summative perspectives of inquiry, highlight variety in both double materiality assessments and adoption disclosures, as well as related criticalities. This foreshadows a fragmented landscape of materiality analysis disclosure over the next few years that presently requires great attention and increased operational guidance by the international standard setters involved. The article closes by proposing implications, limitations and research perspectives.
Self-similar magnetohydrodynamics. II. The expansion of a stellar envelope into a surrounding vacuum

The axisymmetric self-similar expansion of a stellar envelope into a surrounding vacuum is treated. Two exact solutions are presented to describe the time-dependent magnetohydrodynamics of the envelope, assuming a polytrope with adiabatic index . gamma. = 4/3. The boundary conditions at the interface with vacuum are treated explicitly, and a matching solution of Maxwell's equations is obtained to describe the electromagnetic waves propagating into the vacuum ahead of the expanding envelope. A basic assumption is that the self-similar expansion is inertial, with balance among the Lorentz force due to a dipole-like stellar magnetic field, plasma pressure, and gravity. As the envelope disperses to infinity, out of the gravitational bound of the stellar core, the magnetic field is stretched to a radial configuration. The energy properties are discussed, showing, in particular, (i) why the . gamma. = 4/3 polytrope exhibits self-similar expansion and (ii) how the total magnetic energy in the envelope may be either decreasing or increasing with time during the expansion, depending on the distribution of the plasma. The emphasis of the paper is on basic magnetohydrodynamic properties, but simple applications to the problems of novae and supernovae are given, drawing a relationship between the magnetohydrodynamics of these phenomena and thatmore » involved in the white light transients of the solar corona. « less
ANALISA DAN PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI ADMINISTRASI KURSUS BAHASA INGGRIS PADA INTENSIVE ENGLISH COURSE DI CILEDUG TANGERANG

ABSTRAKPada era globalisasi sekarang teknologi informasi merupakan salah satu teknologi yang sedang berkembang pesat, salah satunya penggunaan komputer sebagai sarana penunjang dalam sistem informasi dapat memberikan hasil yang lebih untuk output sebuah sistem.Lembaga Kursus Bahasa Inggris Pada Intensive English Course Di Ciledug Tangerang merupakan salah satu badan usaha yang bergerak dibidang pelayanan pendidikan. Saat ini proses pelayanan administrasi di Kursus Bahasa Inggris Pada Intensive English Course Di Ciledug Tangerang belum terkomputerisasi, sehingga bagian administrasi kesulitan dlam melakukan pengolahan data seperti jadwal kursus, data siswa, data sertifikat, dan pembayaran kursus yang masih belum optimal mengakibatkan lamanya waktu untuk mencari data yang dibutuhkan dan kurang efektifnya kinerja dalam pelayanan administrasi. Sehingga penulis rasa perlu mengembangkan sistem informasi administrasi di Intensive English Course Institute dengan cakupan proses pendaftaran calon siswa dan pemesanan kelas dengan aplikasi sistem informasi yang berbasis web.Penggunaan sistem ini dibagi menjadi 3 akses yaitu untuk bagian utama ada pada admin, kemudian Student dan Teacher. Alat pengembangan yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini ialah PHP sebagai bahasa pemrograman dan MySQL sebagai sistem basis data dan Codeignitier sebagai media perancangan membuat Sistem Informasi Administrasi serta Bootsrap sebagai media pendukung untuk merancang situs web dan aplikasi web.Perancangan sistem penulisan ini penulis gunakan SDLC (System Development Life Cycle) dengan 4 tahapan yaitu Analisis, perancangan, pengkodean dan pengujian. DFD (Data Flow Diagram) sebagai alat pemodelan sistem aplikasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini memberikan kemudahan kepada petugas adminisrasi kursus dan pengajar dalam melakukan kegiatan kursus seperti jadwal kursus, data siswa, data sertifikat, dan pembayaran kursus dan penyajian laporan menjadi lebih cepat dan efektif.Kata kunci: Analisis, Perancangan, Sistem, Administrasi, Kursus, Bootstrap, Codeignitier
Emotional Eating and Binge Eating Disorders and Night Eating Syndrome in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome—A Vicious Circle of Disease: A Systematic Review

Obesity is an established risk factor for the development of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), especially phenotype A. PCOS is an important cause of fertility disorders in a large group of women of reproductive age. For many years, effective methods of treating hormonal disorders associated with PCOS have been sought in order to restore ovulation with regular menstrual cycles. Numerous studies support obesity treatment as an effective therapeutic method for many women. A seemingly simple method of treatment may prove to be particularly difficult in this group of women. The reason for this may be the lack of recognition the primary cause of obesity development or the occurrence of a vicious circle of disease. Primary causes of developing obesity may be emotional eating (EE) and eating disorders (EDs), such as binge eating disorder (BED) and its extreme form, addictive eating, as well as night eating syndrome (NES). All of these are caused by impaired function of the reward system. Consequently, these disorders can develop or be exacerbated in women with obesity and PCOS as a result of depression and anxiety related to hirsutism and fertility disturbances. Therefore, for the effective treatment of obesity, it is very important to recognize and treat EE, BED, and NES, including the appropriate selection of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy. Therefore, the aim of our manuscript is to analyze the available data on the relationships between EE, BED, NES, obesity, and PCOS and their impact on the treatment of obesity in women with PCOS.
Coercivity and switching field of single domain γ‐Fe2O3 particles under consideration of the demagnetizing field

The coherent rotation of the spontaneous polarization in ellipsoidal ferromagnetic single domain particles is calculated under consideration of the magnetocrystalline anisotropy and the true, inner field. Magnetization curves and switching fields are computed for uniaxial and cubic magnetocrystalline and shape anisotropy. Considering only the magnetic energy inside the particle, the resulting switching fields are lower than those predicted by the Stoner–Wohlfarth theory, and they are qualitatively and quantitatively comparable to the results of other models. The comparison to measurements on isolated γ‐Fe2O3 particles shows excellent agreement.
Gratitude as a path to human prosperity during adverse circumstances: a narrative review

ABSTRACT Although each person faces their own share of challenges, it is their individual perception and responses to these difficulties that determine how they are affected by them. In this paper we investigate the association between gratitude and human prosperity including the underlying mechanism that helps people thrive during trying circumstances. We survey the literature, examining how gratitude enables people to prosper amidst adversity and employ a narrative style to present these unique characteristics. This review suggests that gratitude enhances coping abilities, such as meaning-focused coping and positive reframing, which foster positive emotions and augment personal resources like resilience, perseverance, and social bonds. These elements, in turn, may possibly explain the association between gratitude and human prosperity during dire circumstances.
Severe Fungal Asthma: A Role for Biologics and Inhaled Antifungals

Allergic asthma has traditionally been treated with inhaled and systemic glucocorticosteroids. A continuum of allergic fungal airways disease associated with Aspergillus fumigatus colonization and/or atopic immune responses that encompasses fungal asthma, severe asthma with fungal sensitization and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is now recognized along a phenotypic severity spectrum of T2-high immune deviation lung disease. Oral triazoles have shown clinical, anti-inflammatory and microbiologic efficacy in this setting; in the future inhaled antifungals may improve the therapeutic index. Humanized monoclonal antibody biologic agents targeting T2-high disease also show efficacy and promise of improved control in difficult cases. Developments in these areas are highlighted in this overview.
RING: An integral equation algorithm for HF‐VHF radio wave propagation over irregular, inhomogeneous terrain

A modification in the mathematical derivation of an integral equation for propagation over irregular, inhomogeneous terrain and a numerically stable algorithm, RING, is developed to extend the frequency range of program WAGNER to frequencies in the VHF region. The solution to the integral equation is compared to residue theory and Fock theory and excellent agreement is obtained.
Averaging Results and the Study of Uniform Asymptotic Stability of Homogeneous Differential Equations That Are Not Fast Time-Varying

Within the Liapunov framework, a sufficient condition for uniform asymptotic stability of ordinary differential equations is proposed. Unlike with classical Liapunov theory, the time derivative of the $V$-function, taken along solutions of the system, may have positive and negative values. It is shown that the proposed condition is useful for the study of uniform asymptotic stability of homogeneous systems with order $\tau >0$. In particular, it is established that asymptotic stability of the averaged homogeneous system implies local uniform asymptotic stability of the original time-varying homogeneous system. This shows that averaging techniques play a prominent role in the study of homogeneous---not necessarily fast time-varying---systems.
Expectations of how machines use individuating information and base-rates

Machines are increasingly used to make decisions. We investigated people’s beliefs about how they do so. In six experiments, participants (total N = 2664) predicted how computer and human judges would decide legal cases on the basis of limited evidence — either individuating information from witness testimony or base-rate information. In Experiments 1 to 4, participants predicted that computer judges would be more likely than human ones to reach a guilty verdict, regardless of which kind of evidence was available. Besides asking about punishment, Experiment 5 also included conditions where the judge had to decide whether to reward suspected helpful behavior. Participants again predicted that computer judges would be more likely than human judges to decide based on the available evidence, but also predicted that computer judges would be relatively more punitive than human ones. Also, whereas participants predicted the human judge would give more weight to individuating than base-rate evidence, they expected the computer judge to be insensitive to the distinction between these kinds of evidence. Finally, Experiment 6 replicated the finding that people expect greater sensitivity to the distinction between individuating and base-rate information from humans than computers, but found that the use of cartoon images, as in the first four studies, prevented this effect. Overall, the findings suggest people expect machines to differ from humans in how they weigh different kinds of information when deciding.
Bakuchiol - a plant-based retinol. The review article

Bakuchiol is a plant-derived substance that is more and more used by cosmetics manufacturers as an ingredient of anti-aging preparations. The aim of the article was to compare the structure and action of bakuchiol to retinol, as well as to present its effect on the skin based on already published research. Due to its properties, bakuchiol becomes an alternative ingredient to retinol, hence is also known as vegetable retinol.
Photo-Generation of Linearly Polymerized Liquid Crystal Aligning Layers Comprising Novel, Integrated Optically Patterned Retarders and Color Filters

For the first time photo cross-linking of linearly polymerizable polymers (LPPs) is shown to induce uniaxial planar alignment in adjacent liquid crystal polymer (LCP)-layers on single substrates. Ways and novel materials allowing integration of LPP-aligning layers with optical retarders in patterned, hybrid LPP-LCP-configurations with freely adjustable optical axes are presented. The novel multifunctional, anisotropic photopolymer configurations are shown to render in-situ optical retarders and polarization interference filters for black-white and color liquid crystal displays (LCDs) feasible. The molecular mechanisms inducing the anisotropic film properties and their thermal and optical stabilities are outlined. The photo-patternable, high resolution hybrid configurations are shown to exhibit excellent thermal and light stability.
On uniqueness in the inverse obstacle problem via the positive supersolutions of the Helmholtz equation

This paper is concerned with an inverse obstacle scattering problem of an acoustic wave for a single incident plane wave and a wave number. The Colton–Sleeman theorem states the unique recovery of sound-soft obstacles with a smooth boundary from the far-field pattern of the scattered wave for a single incident plane wave at a fixed wave number. The wave number has a bound given by the first Dirichlet eigenvalue of the negative Laplacian in an open ball that contains the obstacles. In this paper, another proof of the Colton–Sleeman theorem that works also for the case when we have a known unbounded set that contains obstacles is given. Unlike the original one, the proof given here is not based on the monotonicity of the first Dirichlet eigenvalue of the negative Laplacian. Instead, it relies on a positive supersolution of the Helmholtz equation in a known domain that contains obstacles. Some corollaries which are new and not covered by the Colton–Sleeman theorem are also given.
LONG-TERM EVOLUTION OF DECAYING MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC TURBULENCE IN THE MULTIPHASE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM

Supersonic turbulence in the interstellar medium (ISM) is believed to decay rapidly within a flow crossing time irrespective of the degree of magnetization. However, this general consensus of decaying magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence relies on local isothermal simulations, which are unable to take into account the roles of the global structures of magnetic fields and the ISM. Utilizing three-dimensional MHD simulations including interstellar cooling and heating, we investigate decaying MHD turbulence within cold neutral medium sheets embedded in a warm neutral medium. The early evolution of turbulent kinetic energy is consistent with previous results for decaying compressible MHD turbulence characterized by rapid energy decay with a power-law form of E∝t−1 and by a short decay time compared with the flow crossing time. If initial magnetic fields are strong and perpendicular to the sheet, however, long-term evolution of the kinetic energy shows that a significant amount of turbulent energy (∼0.2E0) still remains even after 10 flow crossing times for models with periodic boundary conditions. The decay rate is also greatly reduced as the field strength increases for such initial and boundary conditions, but not if the boundary conditions are those for a completely isolated sheet. We analyze velocity power spectra of the remaining turbulence to show that in-plane, incompressible motions parallel to the sheet dominate at later times.
Literature review on the influence of social networks

The rapid development of social networks has completely changed the way people communicate and greatly promoted the interaction between people, and further generated the concept of the influence of social networks, which has attracted more and more scholars' attention. The purpose of this article is to summarize the current research progress and dig the gaps in the current research by combing and reviewing the existing research on social network influence. Specifically, this paper mainly analyzes the research progress of social network influence, and through summarizing and analyzing the related literatures of the social network influence of individual Weibo, the influence of user social network and the social network influence of the topic, we put forward the research progress and existing problems, based on them the direction of future research is put forward. We believe it has considerable reference value for the research of social network influence.
Nonlinear dynamics of a concentrated system of rigid rods subjected to periodic shear flow

Polymers in a liquid crystalline nematic phase exhibit complex rheological behavior. Under steady shear flow and in homogeneous conditions, different regimes have been theoretically predicted, and in some cases experimentally observed. In particular, periodic and even aperiodic regimes have been theoretically predicted. Sustained periodic stress responses have been recently measured on a lyotropic sample of PBG in m-cresol. The natural oscillating behavior, known as tumbling or wagging regimes, can give rise to a number of resonance phenomena when the system is forced by proper periodic flow. We will show that frequency-locking phenomena are predicted under such conditions, and that the Arnol’d tongues can be used to discriminate unforced periodic behavior. The nematic polymer is modeled by a simplified equation derived from a rigid rod model.