Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Formulas for predicting the dynamic performance of ROCOF relays for embedded generation applications

The paper presents a set of formulas for directly predicting the performance of rate-of-change-of-frequency (ROCOF) relays used to detect islanding of embedded synchronous generators. The formulas are analytically derived from the dynamic model of the generator and relay. Dynamic simulation results obtained using a representative distribution system confirm the validity and accuracy of the formulas. The formulas presented are a useful tool for protection engineers; they can be used, for example, to assess the effectiveness of anti-islanding schemes based on ROCOF relays, or to assist the selection of relay settings, significantly reducing the number of repeated dynamic simulations necessary to carry out such studies.
Unifying Process Design with Automation and Control Application Development - An Approach Based on Information Integration and Model-driven Methods

Abstract The transfer of design information from process design to automation design requires attention as requirements on process control are increasing resulting in more complex systems to be designed. This paper presents current process and automation design practices and highlights related problems and information exchange challenges. A development method based on a common consistent information model, utilizing standards and existing data models, is discussed and model-driven methods for improved quality and productivity are introduced to the development of industrial process control applications.
What is a Simple System

All subsequent expositions of thermodynamics of which we are aware have overlooked the serious concern addressed by Gibbs in those pages. An essential prerequisite of the derivation of Equation 1 is that the stable-equilibrium-state energy relation U1⁄4U(S, V, n) be a homogeneous function of degree one of each of its variables, entropy S, volume V, amounts of constituents n1⁄4 {n1, n2, . , nr}. This prerequisite is either postulated [2,3] or presented in a few lines as an almost obvious consequence of the fact that each of the quantities U, S, V, and ni is additive [4,5]. The former is not always warranted, and the latter is faulty and. perhaps, the reason for Gibbs’ five-page discussion. The logic of the usual but faulty derivation is as follows. Two different systems are considered. One is a system A with no internal partitions and a stable-equilibrium-state energy relation U1⁄4U (S, V, n). Of this system, two different states are considered. The first is a stable equilibrium state A1 with entropy S1, volume V1, and amount (ni)1 of constituent i, for i1⁄4 1, 2, . , r. By the energy relation, state A1 has energy U11⁄4U(S1, V1, (n)1). The second is a stable equilibrium state Ak. with entropy Sk1⁄4 kS1, volume Vk1⁄4 kV1, and amount (ni)k1⁄4 k(n)1 for i1⁄4 1, 2, . r. By the energy relation, state Ak has energy Uk1⁄4U(kS1, kV1, k(n)1). The second system is a composite system K consisting of k identical replicas of system A, each in a stable equilibrium state identical to A1. By the additivity of energy, entropy, volume, and amounts of constituents, system K has energy UK1⁄4 kU1, entropy SK1⁄4 kS1, volume VK1⁄4 kV1, and amount (ni)K1⁄4 k(ni)1 for i1⁄4 1,2, . , r. Now, the fact that system K consists of k separate subsystems, each with constituents confined in a partition of volume V1 of the entire volume kV1, is overlooked. It is stated—and here is the fault—that Uk1⁄4UK. It then follows that U(kS1, kV1, k(n)1)1⁄4Uk1⁄4UK1⁄4 kU11⁄4 kU(S1, V1, (n)1), namely, that the function U1⁄4U(S, V, n) is a homogeneous function of degree one. But the conclusion is based on the faulty assumption that the stable-equilibrium-state energy relation U1⁄4U(S, V, n) of system K (with internal partitions) is the same as that of system A (without internal partitions), that is, U(S, V, n)1⁄4U(S, V, n). In this paper, we recognize and emphasize that in general U(S, V, n) 61⁄4U(S, V, n) except under a condition specified by the definition of a simple system introduced in Ref. [6], (Chapter 17). The condition turns out to be valid in the limit of relatively large values of the amounts of constituents, and is the reason why certain results, including the Euler relation are valid only for macroscopic systems. Though expressed in a different language, the condition captures the essence of the concerns discussed by Gibbs [1].
Pulse shaper for ultra-wideband applications

A new pulse shaper is proposed for ultra-wideband applications. The pulse shaper consists of a third-order bandstop filter and a third-derivative Gaussian pulse generator. The bandstop filter is realised by means of a cascade of three newly proposed meandered V-sickle slotted ground structures. Experimental results reveal that the new design fully complies with the FCC emission mask and demonstrates high signal attenuation capability at the desired rejection band. The proposed pulse shaper also features compact size.
Use of shape memory alloys for strength and fatigue life enhancement of cracked metallic structures

A number of techniques are available which will enhance residual static strength and fatigue life of metallic components. In the case where a crack exists a simple method is to stop drill the crack tips. More elaborate techniques consist of stop drilling the crack tips, cold expanding the resultant hole and inserting an interference-fit plug. The application of bonded composite repairs to cracked metallic structures has also become an accepted technique to enhance strength and fatigue life of cracked metallic components. This paper looks at the possibility of using smart materials such as shape memory alloys (SMA) for the life enhancement of metallic structures. An investigation into the use of SMAs was completed using finite element modeling of one particular concept known here as the annular SMA repair which was presented as one method of possibly increasing the fatigue life of holes. From the results given in this paper it was shown that the inclusion of a SMA ring, interference fitted into a machined annulus in an aluminum plate, induces a significant compressive stress around the boundary of a hole. Also, discussed are other ideas which use SMAs for repairing cracked metallic components. Although the current studies are only conceptual and qualitative they do illustrate the feasibility and potential of such techniques to enhance strength and fatigue life of metallic components.
Risk Assessment of Field-Scale Flood Disaster Based on Combined Remote Sensing and Hydrological Dynamics Model

There is an increasing need for more accurate information on the hazard and risk of flooding in local region. Besides the national-scale and regional-scale flood risk assessments, it is gradually developed with a focus on particular field-scale conditions in order to ensure that local conditions are taken into account in. On this basis, how to efficiently and effectively make use of the remote sensing monitoring products embedded with hydrological dynamics model is the critical issue for the field-scale flood disaster risk assessment. In this research, based on the established GIS database, it proposed a new combined assessment model, which integrating remote sensing products and SCS hydrological dynamics model to generate the weighted water level of inundated area for assessing the field-scale flood disaster in Hubei province. The major research methods and key technologies involved were discussed briefly. The example result reveals that combined remote sensing and hydrological dynamics field-scale risk assessment model conforms basically to the actual disaster data.
Charging effects in spatial light modulators based on micromirrors

This paper describes charging effects on spatial light modulators (SLM). These light modulators consist of up to one million mirrors that can be addressed individually and are operated at a frame rate of up to 2 kHz. They are used for DUV mask writing where they have to meet very high requirements with respect to accuracy. In order to be usable in a mask-writing tool, the chips have to be able to work under DUV light and maintain their performance with high accuracy over a long time. Charging effects are a problem frequently encountered with MEMS, especially when they are operated in an analog mode. In this paper, the issue of charging effects in SLMs used for microlithography, their causes and methods of their reduction or elimination, by means of addressing methods as well as technological changes, will be discussed. The first method deals with the way charges can accumulate within the actuator, it is a simple method that requires no technological changes but cannot always be implemented. The second involves the removal of the materials within the actuator where charges can accumulate.
Environmental and economic assessment for the optimal configuration of a sustainable solid waste collection system: a ‘kerbside’ case study

The article presents a case study concerning the improvement of the ‘kerbside’ waste collection system, now increasingly implemented in many Italian municipalities, as an alternative to traditional bring collection, with the aim of increasing the quality of waste collection and the collection rate, in order to reduce the final impact on the environment. A planning model for an integrated waste management system based on kerbside collection is presented. A heuristic procedure is also applied in order to obtain some admissible solutions of the real problem in reasonable computational time. The economic and environmental impacts are considered as significant elements for the evaluation and validation of the obtained solutions. Five alternative configurations of kerbside system, diverging in number of sub-area, synchrony of vehicles and directionality of the arcs, are compared in an economic point of view. Finally, Life-Cycle Assessment is used as a tool to compare the overall potential environmental impacts of the alternative of kerbside collection systems and also to compare the kerbside system with the traditional bring one. The different scenarios of kerbside system are comparable in terms of damage on the impact categories, while the bring system is the worst one, in terms of damage on human health, in the consumption of resources and also for the total damage score.
Integrated on-chip 0.35 μm BiCMOS current-mode DC–DC buck converter

A current-mode DC–DC buck converter with a fully integrated power module is presented in this article. The converter is implemented using BiCMOS technology in amplifier and power MOSFET in a current sensor. The current sensor is realised by the power lateral double-diffused MOSFET with the aspect ratio much larger than that of a matched p-MOSFET. In addition, BiCMOS technology is applied in the error amplifier for an accurate current sensing and a fast transient response. The DC–DC converter is fabricated with 0.35 µm BiCMOS process. Experimental results show that the fully integrated converter operates at 1.3 MHz switching frequency with a supply voltage of 5 V. The output DC voltage is obtained as expected and the output ripple is controlled to be within 2% with a 30 µH off-chip inductor and 100 µF off-chip capacitor.
Electrical Characteristics Assessment on Heterojunction Tunnel FET (HTFET) by Optimizing Various High-κ Materials: HfO2/ZrO2

In this paper, DC performance of double gate tunnel field effect transistor with heterojunction has been assessed by various III-V compound semiconductor materials using 2-D Technology Computer Aided Design (TCAD) simulations. Different hetero high-κ dielectric materials like HfO2 , ZrO2 have been incorporated to achieve better electrical characteristics, viz. high ON-state current drivability, improved switching ratio and high tunneling probability. In this work, lower band gap materials have been used as hetero gate dielectric to enhance mobility using band to band tunneling (BTBT), transconductance and steeper subthreshold-slope. The heterojunction TFET (HTFET) then incorporated with various hetero dielectrics (high-κ and low-κ combination), where the ZrO2 – SiO2 combination of dielectric having thickness of 2 nm both in front and back gate, attains maximum value of ION as 1.522 × 10-5 A/µm. The subthreshold swing (ss) has also been recorded best as 23.93 mV/dec in comparison with conventional homo dielectric i.e. SiO2 -SiO2 oxide throughout the 50 nm channel of HTFET as 34.22 mV/dec, can serve as better alternative tunnel FETs in low power logic applications.
25 Gbit/s electrical duobinary transmission over FR-4 backplanes

25 Gbit/s electrical duobinary transmission over an FR-4 backplane is demonstrated for the first time. The BER performance is better than 10/sup -13/. This has been achieved using a two-tap finite impulse response filter for pre-emphasis and a high-speed duobinary-to-binary converter at the receiver. This work provides a potential path for realising 100 Gbit/s Ethernet systems using existing backplane technology.
Advanced Current Regulated PWM Inverter with Simplified Load Model

In the article, a new stator current controller for voltage source inverter is presented. The proposed controller is based on back-emf calculation and applied to induction motors. The controller sensitivity to load parameters is discussed. The proposed controller is based on the model of inverter load with inductance and back-emf. Load resistance is neglected assuming that switching period is small enough that the average voltage drop across the resistance may be included in the back-emf. Constant switching frequency is used in the proposed system. The controller is realized in simulation and experimentally using fixed-point digital signal processor (DSP) and programmable field programmable gate arrays (FPGA).
Impacting the coding-spreading trade-off in multiuser CDMA with iterative MMSE demodulation

Iterative minimum mean square error (MMSE) demodulation of coded direct sequence code division multiple access (CDMA) uplink channels suppresses multiuser interference over a wide range of user signal powers, by iteratively exchanging soft information between an MMSE multiuser detector and a bank of single-user decoders. The iterative feedback of soft information from the decoders allows the demodulator to suppress (via the MMSE paradigm) and subtract (as in parallel subtractive cancellation) interference from other users in the same cell. It also displays remarkable near-far resistance by functioning like a successive interference subtractor across iterations. Using multiple sensors at the demodulator improves its baseline performance and provides increased user capacities now via both array processing and refinements across iterations. Most remarkably, iterative and array processing allow increasing the ratio of the bandwidth expansion incurred by coding to that incurred by spreading. This is a very useful property in practical systems where user populations typically vary with time. Lower rate codes (with correspondingly lower spreading factors, to satisfy restrictions on the allowable total bandwidth expansion) are obviously helpful in lightly loaded systems. With the proposed (nonlinear) demodulation technique they also aid in improved in-cell user separation via soft-decoded feedback to the detector in the second and subsequent iterations, along with the additional initial spatial separation provided by multisensor arrays. They also serve to mitigate the effects of residual in-cell and out-of-cell interference in the final decoded estimates.
Measurement of Translational Diffusivity by Microchannel Multiphase Flow

A method is proposed for the rapid measurement of translational diffusion coefficient by employing the unique multiphase flow of perfectly miscible incompressible fluids in microchannels. The molecule of interest is injected, as a bolus or continuously, into the middle phase of a three phase flow system. Subsequently, the phase or stream is depleted of molecule by diffusion into the adjacent streams through the common interface. By monitoring the elution profile of the molecule, one may obtain estimates of the diffusion coefficient under fixed experimental conditions. Transport of molecule in the microchannel is described by a transient convection-diffusion-dispersion model. Analytical and numerical solutions are provided to illustrate the change of elution profile with stream velocity and other design parameters. The diffusion coefficient is estimated from a graphical plot. It is shown that diffusion coefficient may be measured without prior knowledge of dispersion. Experimental data is presented for the proteins, fibrinogen and insulin. A number of advantages over the T-sensor and Taylor-Aris methods are highlighted.
Aplicação do earned value em projetos complexos - um estudo de caso na EMBRAER

O gerenciamento do Earned Value vem obtendo aceitacao crescente nas empresas e entre profissionais tais como gerentes de projetos e funcionais, devido a sua efetividade no controle dos resultados do projeto. Earned Value e definido como uma ferramenta de controle que permite avaliar simultaneamente de maneira quantitativa como se encontram os custos e prazos em uma data de controle, permitindo tambem prever a data de termino e o valor gasto (VARGAS, 2005). Este artigo avalia a aplicabilidade do earned value como ferramenta de controle de projetos aeronauticos na EMBRAER. Contribui tambem para a aplicacao do earned value no controle de projetos complexos. Utilizam-se como tecnicas de coleta de dados: entrevistas, observacoes e analise documental. Conclui-se que o earned value e utilizado apenas nos projetos da area de aviacao de defesa, por ser uma exigencia contratual. O uso do earned value nas areas de programas executivos e comerciais restringe-se as fases de definicao conjunta, projeto detalhado e certificacao, pois o escopo do projeto e bem definido, o cronograma e detalhado e os custos sao previstos e obtidos com maior acuidade. Nas demais fases de desenvolvimento do produto, o uso do earned value e restrito, devido principalmente as constantes alteracoes de escopo do produto e do projeto.
Seismic risk assessment of interdependent critical infrastructure systems: The case of European gas and electricity networks

We study the seismic vulnerability of the interdependent European gas and electricity transmission networks from a topological point of view, whereby the electricity network depends on the gas network through gas‐fired power plants. First, we assessed the seismic response for each independent network; then we analyzed the increased vulnerability due to their interdependency. We implemented a probabilistic reliability model that encompasses the spatial distribution of both network structures and their seismic hazard exposure using a Geographic Information System. We characterized the network interdependency using the strength of coupling of the interconnections, together with the seismic response of the independent—gas—network. We calculated the network fragility curves of the independent and dependent networks in terms of various performance measures (connectivity loss, power loss, and impact on the population) and found that the gas network is more seismically vulnerable than the electricity network. The interdependency introduces an extra vulnerability to the electricity network response that decreases with the extensiveness of the networks' damage states. Damage was also evaluated at a local level in order to identify the most vulnerable parts of the network, where it was found that the potential for the highest power loss is located in southeast Europe. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self-managed work teams and manufacturing strategies: Cultural influences in the search for team effectiveness and competitive advantage

This article examines the relationship between manufacturing strategy and self-managed work teams. The implementation of team working and lean production as a strategy designed to improve competitive advantage is juxtaposed with the cultural influences utilizing Hofstede's (1980) model of cultural dimensions. Case study material illustrates the contrasting positions posed by the different cultural and philosophical bases of lean production and self-managed work teams. The resulting disequilibrium may explain why the implementation of teams in Western environments has proved less successful than anticipated in the manufacturing context. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A linear, low‐power, wideband CMOS VCO for FM‐UWB applications

A linear, low‐power, wideband 0.18‐μm CMOS VCO for UWB applications is presented, as part of a PLL‐based direct FM modulator for the 3.1–5‐GHz UWB band. It consists of a frequency control circuit and a differential ring core, coupled to the antenna output and the PLL prescaler by two single‐ended inverter buffers. The measured VCO exhibits a linear tuning range of 0.5–5.0 GHz, low power consumption of 2.5–10.5 mW, and an output power of −10 ± 1 dBm. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 1955–1958, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23547
Advanced base-station based on superconductive devices and software-defined radio technology

This paper outlines the idea of the Intelligent Super Base-Station (ISB) which is an advanced cellular base-station. The ISB is based on software radio techniques. We present three different architectures with which the ISB is constructed. For each architecture, the superconducting devices are essential for the ISB system because of the high-speed nature and highly sensitive nature of superconducting analogue-to-digital converters based on the single flux quantum logic. We also present the scenario of the development of the ISB using LTS and HTS junction technology.
A wireless acoustic emission sensor remotely powered by light

In this paper, wireless sensing of acoustic emission (AE) signals using a battery-free sensor node remotely powered by light is presented. The wireless sensor consists of a piezoelectric wafer active sensor (PWAS) for AE signal acquisition and a wireless transponder that performs signal conditioning, frequency conversion, and wireless transmission. For signal conditioning, a voltage follower that consumes less than 2 mW was introduced to buffer the high impedance of the PWAS from the low impedance of the wireless transponder. A photocell-based energy harvester with a stable voltage output was developed to power the voltage follower so that the wireless AE sensor can operate without an external power source. The principle of operation of the battery-free wireless AE sensor node and the sensor interrogation system is described, followed by a detailed description of the hardware implementation. The voltage follower and the wireless channel were characterized by ultrasound pitch–catch and pencil lead break experiments.
Electrodeposited copper inductors for intraocular pressure telemetry

A microsystem for wireless long-term measurement of the intraocular pressure is presented. The sensing element is a novel distributed parallel-resonant inductive-capacative circuit, with a pressure-dependent resonance frequency. This circuit is based upon a twofold on-chip deposited inductor. The high Q inductor is deposited by electrodeposition of copper on a micromachined chip incorporating a pressure-sensitive diaphragm. Test structures were fabricated and characterized. Q factors of 30 at 45 MHz and inductance values of 0.4 µH are obtained for 3×3 mm2 structures.