Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Science Teachers' Practical Knowledge of Inquiry-Based Learning

Science teachers' practical knowledge of inquiry-based learning influence their beliefs about science teaching and learning. The Indonesian Curriculum released in 2013 has required teachers to teach science via inquiry-based approaches. In fact, some previous studies have found that teachers have difficulties in practically implementing the requirements suggested by the curriculum. It is believed that teachers’ practical knowledge may influence their real teaching practices. This research aimed to analyze how teachers employed their practical knowledge in teaching inquiry-based science by selecting an appropriate type of inquiry in science topics. 105 science teachers purposefully drawn from the regular meeting of Science Teachers Association of Surakarta City in February 2017voluntarily participated in the survey. A nine-item questionnaire originally developed by W.W. Cobern et al (2104) was administered to measure the most appropriate type of inquiry in various science topics. The teachers' options represent their practical knowledge of inquiry-based learning. It is expected that teachers will choose the best appropriate type of inquiry focusing on student's autonomy, i.e an open inquiry. The results showed that the teachers differently interpreted the inquiry-based learning. Teachers mostly used guided-inquiry (32.8%) and open-inquiry (32.08%) to teach the science topics in the questionnaire. It was elicited that 12.17% of them selected didactic direct inquiry, whilst 22.65% of them chose active direct one. It is recommended that future studies should handle the results of the current study to appropriately formulate in-service curriculum and education for science teachers.
Molecular paleontology: Novel insights from ancient DNA

For the past two centuries, paleontologists and archeologists have collected remains of human, animal, and plant life from a more or less distant past. Molecular paleontology entailing recovery and analysis of bio-molecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and their derivatives from extinct plants or animals, and has become is integral to question within the sphere of paleontology. The studies have provided important insights into evolutionary events, and their extinction of microorganisms, animals or plant species remains. By applying high throughput molecular analytical techniques to DNA fossils, it is possible to quantify the level of relatedness between the organisms serving as source of nucleic acids. This article provides an overview of the recent molecular biological approaches used in paleontology.
Identify and Develop Effective Components on Competency Model of Elementary School Principals in Tehran

Purpose: The aim of the present study is Identify and develops effective components on competency model of elementary school principals in Tehran. Method: This study is combinations type that discovery in the form of mixed research. The study population included all managers and assistants Tehran elementary schools in the qualitative section using theoretical sampling 35 subjects and in quantity section, using simple random sampling method, 250 managers and deputies managed primary schools were selected as samples. The data collected from semi-structured interviews and standardized questionnaires. The data were analyzed using content analysis and structural equation modeling. Findings: The obtained results indicate four components eligibility of the individuals, competence, interpersonal, managerial competencies and academic merit and expertise with the index 137. That in order of priority managerial competencies 32 index, Eligibility of the individuals with 54 indexes, Interpersonal competencies 24 Index and academic and professional qualifications of with 17 indicators, Scientific competence and expertise with 10 indexes, career and professional qualifications of the 27 indicators competency model are as the most important components of the country's education system elementary school principals. Conclusion: And these components have a significant positive effect on the competence of elementary school principals and managerial competencies.
Rheological Approaches of Wheat Flour Dough Enriched with Germinated Soybean and Lentil

Germination is a convenient technique that could be used to enhance the nutritional profile of legumes. Furthermore, consumers’ increasing demand for diversification of bakery products represents an opportunity to use such germinated flours in wheat-based products. Thus, this study aimed to underline the effects of soybean germinated flour (SGF) and lentil germinated flour (LGF) on the rheological behavior of dough during different processing stages and to optimize the addition level. For this purpose, flour falling number, dough properties during mixing, extension, fermentation, and dynamic rheological characteristics were evaluated. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for the optimization of SGF and LGF addition levels in wheat flour, optimal and control samples microstructures being also investigated through epifluorescence light microscopy (EFLM). The results revealed that increased SGF and LGF addition levels led to curve configuration ratio, visco-elastic moduli, and maximum gelatinization temperature rises, while the falling number, water absorption, dough extensibility, and baking strength decreased. The interaction between SGF and LGF significantly influenced (p < 0.05) the falling number, dough consistency after 450 s, baking strength, curve configuration ratio, viscous modulus, and maximum gelatinization temperature. The optimal sample was found to contain 5.60% SGF and 3.62% LGF added in wheat flour, with a significantly lower falling number, water absorption, tolerance to kneading, dough consistency, extensibility, and initial gelatinization temperature being observed, while dough tenacity, the maximum height of gaseous production, total CO2 volume production, the volume of the gas retained in the dough at the end of the test, visco-elastic moduli and maximum gelatinization temperatures were higher compared to the control. These results underlined the effects of SGF and LGF on wheat dough rheological properties and could be helpful for novel bakery products development.
ORR in Non ‐ Aqueous Solvent for Li ‐ Air Batteries : The Influence of Doped MnO 2

One of the major drawbacks in Lithium‐air batteries is the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In this context, better performances can be achieved by adopting a suitable electrocatalyst, such as MnO2. Herein, we tried to design nano‐MnO2 tuning the final ORR electroactivity by tailoring the doping agent (Co or Fe) and its content (2% or 5% molar ratios). Staircase‐linear sweep voltammetries (S‐LSV) were performed to investigate the nanopowders electrocatalytic behavior in organic solvent (propylene carbonate, PC and 0.15 M LiNO3 as electrolyte). Two percent Co‐doped MnO2 revealed to be the best‐performing sample in terms of ORR onset shift (of ~130 mV with respect to bare glassy carbon electrode), due to its great lattice defectivity and presence of the highly electroactive  polymorph (by X‐ray diffraction analyses, XRPD and infrared spectroscopy, FTIR). 5% Co together with 2% Fe could also be promising, since they exhibited fewer diffusive limitations, mainly due to their peculiar pore distribution (by Brunauer–Emmett‐Teller, BET) that disfavored the cathode clogging. Particularly, a too‐high Fe content led to iron segregation (by energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, EDX, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XPS and FTIR) provoking a decrease of the electroactive sites, with negative consequences for the ORR.
An interferometric CO survey of luminous submm galaxies

In this paper, we present results from an Institut de Radio Astronomie Millimétrique (IRAM) Plateau de Bure millimetre-wave Interferometer (PdBI) survey for carbon monoxide (CO) emission towards radio-detected submillimetre galaxies (SMGs) with known optical and nearinfrared spectroscopic redshifts. Five sources in the redshift range z ∼ 1–3.5 were detected, nearly doubling the number of SMGs detected in CO. We summarize the properties of all 12 COdetected SMGs, as well as six sources not detected in CO by our survey, and use this sample to explore the bulk physical properties of the submillimetre galaxy (SMG) population as a whole. The median CO line luminosity of the SMGs is 〈L CO〉 = (3.8 ± 2.0) × 1010 K km s−1 pc2. Using a CO-to-H2 conversion factor appropriate for starburst galaxies, this corresponds to a molecular gas mass 〈M(H2)〉= (3.0 ± 1.6) × 1010 M within an ∼ 2 kpc radius, approximately 4 times greater than the most luminous local ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) but comparable to that of the most extreme high-redshift radio galaxies (HzRGs) and quasi-sellar objects (QSOs). The median CO FWHM linewidth is broad, 〈FWHM〉 = 780 ± 320 km s−1, and the SMGs often have double-peaked line profiles, indicative of either a merger or a disc. From their median gas reservoirs (∼ 3 × 1010 M ) and star formation rates ( 700 M yr−1), we estimate a lower limit on the typical gas-depletion time-scale of 40 Myr in SMGs. This is marginally below the typical age expected for the starbursts in SMGs and suggests that negative feedback processes may play an important role in prolonging the gas consumption time-scale. We find a statistically significant correlation between the far-infrared and CO luminosities of the SMGs, which extends the observed correlation for local ULIRGs to higher luminosities and higher redshifts. The non-linear nature of the correlation implies that SMGs have higher far-infrared to CO luminosity ratios and possibly higher star formation efficiencies (SFEs), than local ULIRGs. Assuming a typical CO source diameter of θ ∼ 0.5 arcsec (D ∼ 4 kpc), we estimate a median dynamical mass of 〈M dyn〉 (1.2 ± 1.5) × 1011 M for the SMG sample. Both the total gas and stellar masses imply that SMGs are very massive systems, dominated by baryons in their central regions. The baryonic and dynamical properties of these systems mirror those of local giant ellipticals and are consistent with numerical simulations of the formation of the most massive galaxies. We have been able to impose a lower limit of 5 × 10−6 Mpc−3 to the comoving number density of massive galaxies in the redshift range E-mail: tgreve@submm.caltech. edu C © 2005 RAS D ow naded rom http/academ ic.p.com /m nras/artic9/3/1165/972701 by gest on 16 D ecem er 202
Structure-Function Relationships of the Viral RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase

Studies of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) from poliovirus (PV), 3Dpol, have shown that Asn-297 permits this enzyme to distinguish ribose from 2′-deoxyribose. All animal RNA viruses have Asn at the structurally homologous position of their polymerases, suggesting a conserved function for this residue. However, all prokaryotic RNA viruses have Glu at this position. In the presence of Mg2+, the apparent affinity of Glu-297 3Dpol for 2′-deoxyribonucleotides was decreased by 6-fold relative to wild type without a substantial difference in the fidelity of 2′-dNMP incorporation. The fidelity of ribonucleotide misincorporation for Glu-297 3Dpol was reduced by 14-fold relative to wild type. A 4- to 11-fold reduction in the rate of ribonucleotide incorporation was observed. Glu-297 PV was unable to grow in HeLa cells due to a replication defect equivalent to that observed for a mutant PV encoding an inactive polymerase. Evaluation of the protein-(VPg)-primed initiation reaction showed that only half of the Glu-297 3Dpol initiation complexes were capable of producing VPg-pUpU product and that the overall yield of uridylylated VPg products was reduced by 20-fold relative to wild-type enzyme, a circumstance attributable to a reduced affinity for UTP. These studies identify the first RdRp derivative with a mutator phenotype and provide a mechanistic basis for the elevated mutation frequency of RNA phage relative to animal RNA viruses observed in culture. Although protein-primed initiation and RNA-primed elongation complexes employ the same polymerase active site, the functional differences reported here imply significant structural differences between these complexes.
Individual and organisational creativity and innovation : their management

Due to the development of technology, production and other business functions, customers have entered in the focus of enterprises’ endeavours, displacing mass-produced standardized products. Efficiency is no longer sufficient: flexibility, creativity and innovation have become vital. Creativity and innovation processes started to be studied, first at the level of individuals and then within organizations. It became obvious that creativity and innovation depend on individuals themselves and, within social units, also on their organisation. From the organisational point of view, practitioners and researchers attempt to determine the organisational variables that positively influence creativity. In this paper, the authors describe both the process and characteristics of creativity and innovation conducted by an autonomous individual as well as the same process conducted by members of a social unit. The appropriate organisation supporting the development of a creative and innovative social unit is established by management whose responsibility is to assure a rational achievement of new useful ideas and their development into products, services and processes. Therefore, the authors focus on three processes, emphasizing their relationships: individual creativity and innovation processes, organizational creativity and innovation processes, and the management of creativity and innovation.
Computational analysis of signal dynamics induced by ligands

: During tissue development, cells diﬀerentiate creating a cellular pattern thanks to communication frameworks like the one studied, the Notch signalling pathway . In such mechanisms a cell interacts with the surrounding cells through proteins called ligands . With a numerical simulation program we manage to conﬁrm the formation of cell patterns and doing a lineal stability analysis we ﬁnd under which conditions the pattern can arise for a sustained signal activation. Furthermore, when implementing a transitory pulsating signal dynamics we ﬁnd that a minimum interaction time is required if the cells are to diﬀerentiate.
Land and Natural Resources in the Constitutional Subjects of the Eastern European Countries and the Regional Experience of Adaptation of the Land use in the Reform of Land Relations

The study explores the constitutional positions of Russian Federation and the countries of the Eastern Europe in relation to the land and other natural resources. The analysis of constitutional texts made it possible to identify general and specific constitutional features of the object under study, approaches to its axiological ranking, particularization, structuring, preservation and protection including the possibility of limiting other constitutional rights and institutions. This in its entirety, determines the state management in the sphere of the land and natural resources relations and creates the basis for their reform at the regional level. Taking this into consideration, a generalized regional experience in the adaptation of the land use is presented. Using the developed concept, the proprietary methodology and the design results for the first time in Russian federation, a scientific guidance for the program of introducing the catchment-based agricultural land organization for one of the regions of the country is provided.
OP-NDTJ180335 175..183

excretion, mortality, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med 2014; 371: 612–623 39. Araki S, Haneda M, Koya D et al. Urinary potassium excretion and renal and cardiovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes and normal renal function. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 10: 2152–2158 40. Chang HY, Hu YW, Yue CS et al. Effect of potassium-enriched salt on cardiovascular mortality and medical expenses of elderly men. Am J Clin Nutr 2006; 83: 1289–1296 41. Ying WZ, Aaron K, Wang PX et al. Potassium inhibits dietary salt-induced transforming growth factor-beta production. Hypertension 2009; 54: 1159–1163 42. Sun Y, Byon CH, Yang Y et al. Dietary potassium regulates vascular calcification and arterial stiffness. JCI Insight 2017; 2: pii: 94920 43. Ardiles L, Cardenas A, Burgos ME et al. Antihypertensive and renoprotective effect of the kinin pathway activated by potassium in a model of salt sensitivity following overload proteinuria. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 304: F1399–F1410 44. Sharma S, McFann K, Chonchol M et al. Association between dietary sodium and potassium intake with chronic kidney disease in US adults: a cross-sectional study. Am J Nephrol 2013; 37: 526–533 45. Smyth A, Dunkler D, Gao P et al. The relationship between estimated sodium and potassium excretion and subsequent renal outcomes. Kidney Int 2014; 86: 1205–1212 46. Kieneker LM, Bakker SJ, de Boer RA et al. Low potassium excretion but not high sodium excretion is associated with increased risk of developing chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2016; 90: 888–896 47. He J, Mills KT, Appel LJ et al. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion and CKD progression. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 27: 1202–1212 48. Leonberg-Yoo AK, Tighiouart H, Levey AS et al. Urine potassium excretion, kidney failure, and mortality in CKD. Am J Kidney Dis 2017; 69: 341–349 49. World Health Organization (WHO). WHO Guideline: Potassium Intake for Adults and Children. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2012 50. National Kidney Foundation. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Nutrition in CKD, updated 2010. https://www.kidney. org/professionals/guidelines/ guidelines_commentaries/nutrition-ckd 51. de Brito-Ashurst I, Varagunam M, Raftery MJ et al. Bicarbonate supplementation slows progression of CKD and improves nutritional status. J Am Soc Nephrol 2009; 20: 2075–2084
An exploratory study of happiness in relation to loneliness of adolescents

The present study was undertaken in Bhiwani district of Haryana state. Two senior secondary schools of Bhiwani city and two senior secondary schools of village Kitlana and Chappar of Bhiwani district were selected as per demand of the study. A sample of 100 rural and 100 urban adolescents of 14-20 year age were taken, thus making a total sample of 200 adolescents. Happiness scale by Hills, P., and Argyle, M. (2002), was used to assess happiness among adolescents. Loneliness among adolescents was measured by loneliness scale developed by Rusell (1996). The findings revealed nonsignificant differences in happiness (Z=0.76), (Z=0.96), and loneliness level (Z=0.98), (Z=0.62) of rural /urban and girls/boys respectively.
Role of the Epigenetic Regulator HP1 gamma in the Control of Embryonic Stem Cell Properties

The unique properties of embryonic stem cells (ESC) rely on long-lasting self-renewal and their ability to switch in all adult cell type programs. Recent advances have shown that regulations at the chromatin level sustain both ESC properties along with transcription factors. We have focused our interest on the epigenetic modulator HP1c (Heterochromatin Protein 1, isoform c) that binds histones H3 methylated at lysine 9 (meH3K9) and is highly plastic in its distribution and association with the transcriptional regulation of specific genes during cell fate transitions. These characteristics of HP1c make it a good candidate to sustain the ESC flexibility required for rapid program changes during differentiation. Using RNA interference, we describe the functional role of HP1c in mouse ESC. The analysis of HP1c deprived cells in proliferative and in various differentiating conditions was performed combining functional assays with molecular approaches (RT-qPCR, microarray). We show that HP1c deprivation slows down the cell cycle of ESC and decreases their resistance to differentiating conditions, rendering the cells poised to differentiate. In addition, HP1c depletion hampers the differentiation to the endoderm as compared with the differentiation to the neurectoderm or the mesoderm. Altogether, our results reveal the role of HP1c in ESC self-renewal and in the balance between the pluripotent and the differentiation programs. Citation: Caillier M, Thénot S, Tribollet V, Birot A-M, Samarut J, et al. (2010) Role of the Epigenetic Regulator HP1c in the Control of Embryonic Stem Cell Properties. PLoS ONE 5(11): e15507. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0015507 Editor: Michael J. Pazin, National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), United States of America Received July 29, 2010; Accepted October 6, 2010; Published November 15, 2010 Copyright: 2010 Caillier et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This work was supported by a grant from the ANR (Agence Nationale por la Recherche) Genanimal (ANR-06-GANI-007-01). Maı̈a Caillier was supported by a PhD fellowship from INRA (Institut National pour la Recherche Agronomique), the ABIES doctoral school and the FRM (Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale)PhD program.The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: Anne.Mey@lyon.inra. fr (AM); Jacques.Samarut@ens-lyon.fr (JS)
Lipid Disorders in Uremia Valdete Topçiu-Shufta and Valdete Haxhibeqiri

Lipoprotein has important physiologic functions within the human body. Many enzymes, enzyme activators, and protein parts, such as apolipoproteins and specific hepatic and extrahepatic receptors, are involved in their metabolism. Renal failure is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. One of the main mechanisms underlying this increased cardiovascular risk is dyslipidemia. Abnormal lipoprotein profiles are generally a combination of abnormalities of all fractions. Uremic lipoprotein profile includes increased triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, small dense LDL particles, increased lipoprotein (a), and decreased HDL. Enhanced oxidative stress and uremic environment can strongly modify plasma lipoproteins, changing their interactions with biological functions and especially cardiovascular physiology. This profound lipoprotein disorder has led to the formulation of an accelerated atherogenesis hypothesis and has been commonly linked with their metabolic alteration associated with uremia.
Comparative genomics of Lactobacillusmbt_215 323..332

Ravi Kant,1* Jochen Blom,2 Airi Palva,1 Roland J. Siezen3,4,5 and Willem M. de Vos1,5,6 Veterinary Microbiology and Epidemiology, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. Computational Genomics, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany. NIZO food research, Ede, The Netherlands. Netherlands Bioinformatics Centre, Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. TI Food and Nutrition, Kluyver Centre for Genomics of Industrial Fermentation, Wageningen, The Netherlands. Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.