Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Epidemiologic Profile of Chronic Pancreatitis, A Retrospective Study in Eastern Nepal

Background and Aims: Chronic pancreatitis is a condition characterized by chronic inflammatory and fibrotic changes in the pancreas leading to irreversible parenchymal damage and loss of glandular function. This retrospective study was conducted to study the clinic-epidemiologic profile of chronic pancreatitis in eastern Nepal. Methods: All adult patients admitted with chronic pancreatitis from June 2014 to June 2016 were included in this study. Data pertaining to demographics and clinical profile was obtained by retrospective chart review. Results: A total of (n=55) patients were enrolled in the study with a median age of 28 years. Idiopathic pancreatitis was the most common form of chronic pancreatitis (n= 37, 67.3%) and alcoholic chronic pancreatitis accounted for about a third of cases (n=18, 32.7%). Abdominal pain was a presenting symptom in all the cases (n=55,100%). Thirty-seven patients (67.3%) had diabetes mellitus. Ductal dilatation (n=55,100%) and calculi (n=43, 83.6%) were the most common findings on imaging using ultrasonography and Computed tomographic scan of abdomen). All the patients were receiving medical therapy. Most patients receiving medical therapy were on opioids (n=37, 67.3%) or pancreatic supplements (n=18, 32.7%). Complications were seen in only nine patients (16.4%). All of them had pseudocyst. Conclusions: In this study, idiopathic chronic pancreatitis (CP) was observed as the most common etiologic form of CP unlike CP related to alcohol use in other similar studies. CP related to alcohol use was seen as the second most common etiologic form. Diabetes was the most commonly associated comorbidity in our CP cohort. This study was performed in a small study population and is limited by several factors including statistical power. Larger studies are warranted to study the etiologic forms and outcomes of CP in Nepalese population.
Significance of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons of the corpus striatum, which can be caused by the disruption of processes of mitochondrial homeostasis, including mitophagy, mitochondrial fusion and division, mitochondrial transport, accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and calcium signaling. Dopaminergic neurons are particularly vulnerable to mitochondrial dysfunction due to their polarized and expanded structure and high bioenergy needs. The molecular basis of these disorders is manifested in mutations of mitochondrial homeostasis proteins. Understanding the functions of these proteins and the disorders caused by these mutations can be used to create therapeutics for the treatment of PD and diagnostic biomarkers of PD. A comprehensive analysis of research papers to identify promising therapeutic targets and drug compounds that target them, as well as biomarkers of mitochondrial dysfunction that can be used in clinical practice for the treatment of PD has been conducted in the current review. This practical approach advantageously emphasizes the difference between this work and other reviews on similar topics. The selection of articles in this review was carried out using the following keyword searches in scientific databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, NSBI, and Cochrane. Next, the most relevant and promising studies were re-selected.
Effects of past mating behavior versus past ejaculation on male mate choice and male attractiveness

Abstract Past reproductive effort allows males to assess their ability to acquire mates, but it also consumes resources that can reduce their future competitive ability. Few studies have examined how a male’s reproductive history affects his subsequent mate choice, and, to date, no study has determined the relative contribution of past mating behavior and past ejaculate production because these two forms of investment are naturally highly correlated. Here, we disentangled the relative effects of past mating behavior and past ejaculate production in mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) by experimentally preventing some males from ejaculating when trying to mate. We assessed the effect of mating behavior on mate choice by comparing males that had previously been with or without access to females and male rivals for 8 and 16 weeks and assessed the effect of ejaculation on mate choice by comparing males that either could or could not ejaculate when they had access to females for 16 weeks. Reproductive treatment did not affect male attractiveness, but it did affect male mate choice. Somewhat surprisingly, in five of the six treatment-by-age at testing combinations, males preferred a female in the vicinity of a male rival over a solitary female. This preference was marginally stronger for males that had previously engaged in mating behavior but were unaffected by past ejaculate production. We discuss the potential benefits to males of associating with another male when seeking mates. This is the first study to quantify the relative influence of pre- and post-copulatory reproductive investment on male mate choice.
Feeling hopeful: development and validation of the trait emotion hope scale

While prominent measures of hope are largely cognitive in nature, many scholars and laypeople view hope primarily as an emotion. Although Snyder’s Elaborated Hope Theory attempts to theoretically balance these two perspectives, no measure yet exists of hope as a purely emotional process, only as a cognitive process. Overlooking the emotional features of hope limits our ability to more fully and precisely understand this construct. As such, across three studies (N = 2,900), we develop and validate the Trait Emotion Hope Scale (TEHS). In Study 1, we report on item development and piloting of the TEHS, examining internal consistency as well as convergent and discriminant validity. Study 2 includes an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and further examines internal consistency and construct validity. Finally, in Study 3 we report a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to cross-validate the factor structure identified in Study 2 in a large, international sample. Importantly, we find that the TEHS accounts for significant unique variance beyond cognitive hope, indicating that the two constructs are distinct and not redundant. Taken together, these three studies demonstrate that the TEHS is psychometrically sound and provides a valid measure for those interested in examining hope as an emotion in their research.
A Metaheuristic Search Algorithm Based on Sampling and Clustering

As optimization problems become more complicated and extensive, parameterization becomes complex, resulting in a difficult task requiring significant amounts of time and resources. In this paper we propose a heuristic search algorithm we call MCSA (Montecarlo-Clustering Search Algorithm), which is based on Montecarlo sampling, and a clustering strategy involving two techniques. Our objective is to apply MCSA, an inherently stochastic method, to address optimization problems. To assess its performance, we conducted an evaluation using classical benchmark optimization functions. Additionally, we leveraged the CEC2017 benchmark suite to comprehensively evaluate the algorithm, highlighting the pivotal role of the Exploration stage in our methodology. Subsequently, we extended our methodology to tackle a practical combinatorial problem, the Knapsack problem. This NP-Hard problem holds significant real-world applications in resource allocation, scheduling, planning, logistics, and more. Our contributions lie in parameterizing the Knapsack Problem to align with MCSA’s parameters for reference indicators adjustment and achieving high-quality solutions, surpassing 90% in comparison to exhaustive methods such as branch and bound.
The use of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa) on farm animal’s productivity, health and reproductive performance: a review

Global food insecurity is mostly the result of human-animal competition for food, as well as recent population growth, erratic weather patterns and environmental shocks. Therefore, maximising the production of animal proteins can reduce the competition between demand and consumption. Hence, the current review aimed at outlining the use of hemp on the production, health and reproductive performances of farm animals. The data used in this review were accessed using Google Scholar, Science Direct, ResearchGate and the directory of open-access journals. It was found that industrial hemp, particularly its derivatives such as hemp-seed meal and oil, has gained attention for its potential benefits in animal nutrition and health. The impact of hemp on farm animals, their productivity, health and reproductive performance, is an area of ongoing research. Our findings on the assessment of the nutritional benefits of hemp to livestock have shown hemp to be a great nutritional source to livestock because, hemp-seed cake, a byproduct of hemp oil extraction, is rich in essential and non-essential amino acids, fibre, and healthy fats, including omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. When incorporated into animal feed, it can contribute to a balanced diet, potentially improving overall health and productivity. Furthermore, the health benefits may be due to the fatty acid profile in hemp that is known to have positive effects on animal reproduction (optimal fertility and gestation) and health, including anti-inflammatory properties, which could benefit conditions related to inflammation. Additionally, hemp contains compounds such as cannabinoids and terpenes that might offer therapeutic effects, although the effects of these compounds in animals are still being studied. In conclusion, there is limited direct research on hemp’s effect on reproductive performance in farm animals. Hence, more research is necessitated.
Program Governance Maturity Models

The Program Governance Maturity Model is a comprehensive pattern framework that implements a plan and structure for achieving goals and distinction in program governance. It is capable of considering tactical and strategic values and contains recommendations in the form of practices, the execution of which enables the realization of the objects necessary for the progress of certain areas. The CMMS/CMMI models contain essential processes that support different facets of operations and can guide developing and improving production methods. It is divided into five levels which are the same for absolutely all industries. Surveys have demonstrated the ability to manage multiple projects through the program. In addition, the use of the software improves productivity and helps achieve organizational goals and objectives. Therefore, it is essential to mention that program management is an integral part of management practice. Although, in fact, the answers to the question also state that there are problems when applying the software, but its impact on managers' work can be assessed positively.
Analysis of dynamic change of Hulunbeier grassland vegetation coverage

Taking Hulunbeier grassland as research object,we characterized the dynamic change of the study area,making use of time series NDVI method based on SPOT_VGT from April to October during 1998 ～ 2008. The results showed that grassland coverage of grassland area,grassland - farmland ecotone,grassland - woodland ecotone in Hulunbeier decreased firstly and then increased from 1998 to 2008 while woodland coverage changed slightly in grass - farmland and grass - woodland ecotone. The study area's vegetation coverage in 2008 was less than that in 1998 and low vegetation coverage area was extending to high coverage. These implied that grassland of study area degenerated widely and seriously,especially in Xinbaerhuzuoqi and Xinbaerhuyouqi. Besides,desertified area increased,ecosystem degraded and became more fragile.
The political ecology of climate adaptation planning in New York City

reality that can be monitored by a distant entity. Using these simple codes, the state collects “facts” that allow it to understand and exercise authority over its territory. Scott argues that such “legibility implies a viewer whose place is central and vision is synoptic” (1998: 78). Thus, Scott sees the goals of the modern state as (1) controlling and (2) being able to regulate every activity within its territory. To achieve these goals, the state strives to find the easiest way to monitor, count, assess, and manage the infinite complexities of its people and territory (Scott
World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2010

The World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2010 (WCA 2010), released by FAO at the end of 2005, introduces many changes as compared to previous decennial Programmes. These were adopted following many consultations, including discussions at regional meetings around the word, intensive meetings with specialists within FAO who represent data users' views in their respective disciplines, and a large Technical Consultation with the participation of statisticians and data users from different parts of the world. The new Programme is more explicit in the recommendation regarding the selection of items to be included in the census, by proposing a modular approach. While the modules present suggestions for holding level collection of structural data, in response to increasing demand for community level data, items of information at the lowest administrative unit or even for smaller geographic area are recommended for collection as part of the agricultural census; the statistics unit here is the community or village which is a completely new aspect in an agricultural census. Linkage between population census and agricultural census is stressed in WCA 2010; a matching text is included in the United Nations Recommendations regarding population census for the 2010 round. Structural data on aquaculture which were the subject of a supplement in the previous World Programme are integrated in the WCA 2010, in a section of the publication. Based on experiences gained regarding gender statistics in the 2000 round of agricultural censuses, a concept of sub-holding is introduced in WCA 2010 to address this issue for application in specific conditions of a large number of countries. This paper makes a general presentation of the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2010, with emphasis on its new aspects and other salient features of the publication, linkages between censuses, and a review of other WCA210 changes.
Employment of Small-Group Discussions to Ensure the Effective Delivery of Medical Education

The changing landscape of medical education has made small-group discussions crucial components. These sessions, including problem-based learning (PBL), case-based learning (CBL), and team-based learning (TBL), revolutionize learning by fostering active participation, critical thinking, and practical skills application. They bridge theory with practice, preparing future healthcare professionals for the dynamic challenges of modern healthcare. Despite their transformative potential, there are challenges in faculty preparation, resource allocation, and effective evaluation. The best practices include aligning discussions with curriculum goals, skilled facilitation, promoting active participation, and robust assessment strategies. Looking ahead, adapting to emerging health trends, ongoing research, and evolving healthcare demands will ensure the continued relevance and effectiveness of small-group discussions, shaping competent and adaptable healthcare providers equipped for the ever-evolving healthcare landscape.
Comparative Evaluation of Odontometric Parameters for Determining Gender

Background and Aim: Sex estimate is a crucial component of human identification in a forensic setting. Due to the sexual dimorphism of human teeth, odontometrics—the measuring and analysis of tooth size standards—is most frequently utilized in age and sex determination. The aim of this study was to assess the degree of sexualdimorphism in mandibular canine using mandibular canine index using mesiodistal (MD) and buccolingual (BL)dimensions of the crown and inter canine distance measured.Material and Methods: The study sample included 200 people (100 men and 100 women), ages 18 to 35, withan average age of 22 years. The distance between the mesial and distal contact points was used to calculate the mesiodistal dimension of the mandibular canine (CMD). Each subject’s right mandibular canine index and left mandibular canine index were used to construct the canine index. The standard canine index (SCI) value was used as a cutoff point to differentiate males from females.Results: Men’s right and left mandibular canines mesio-distal crown widths were found to be significantly greater than those of their female counterparts. The current study demonstrates a very high significance of p value seen in the left mandibular canine and a significant difference in mesiodistal breadth between males and females of the right mandibular canine of p value. The total probability of sex determination for the right mandibular canine is 55% and for the left canine is 59.5% based on the conventional MCI calculations for the right mandibular canine (0.22) and for the left mandibular canine (0.21), suggesting that the left mandibular canine is more relevant for sex determination.Conclusion: It has been proven beyond a reasonable doubt that mandibular canines exhibit significant sexual dimorphism when it comes to sex determination, and it is clear from the study that this breed is a more trustworthy source for sex determination.
Design and Integration of a Low-Back Exoskeleton: A 3D-Printed Cycloidal Drive Actuator for Flexible Human-Robot Interaction

In the last decades, the adoption of assistive devices has been spreading among different application fields, starting from the rehabilitative medicine to the industrial field. In particular, exoskeletons aimed to ease the operations performed by workers have been developed in order to reduce the entity of work-related musculoskeletal disorders, limiting the inconvenience caused to the workers and reducing therapy-related costs faced by the employer or the healthcare system. However, commercial full-body exoskeletons equipped with efficient, low-weight actuation systems require a huge investment (both for purchase and maintenance), which only a few companies are willing to pay. In order to achieve high performance while limiting costs and complexity, a custom cycloidal reduction was designed: because of its back-drivability and scalability, it represents a low-cost solution capable of maximizing the overall performances of the assistive device. In this paper, the methodology to define a custom low-cost yet efficient cycloidal drive actuation is hence proposed, as well as its implementation in the design of a low-back exoskeleton based on backbone kinematics.
Transplant and non-transplant HCC patients at a single institution

Background and Aim Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are managed in various hospital departments, which complicates the assessment of the overall picture. In our large liver transplant institute, we evaluate all HCC patients in a weekly multi-disciplinary liver tumor board, and their data are prospectively collected in an institutional HCC database to evaluate HCC causes, tumor features, treatments, and survival. Materials and Methods Baseline data for patients (n=1322) were prospectively recorded, including hepatitis status, routine clinical serum parameters, radiological assessment of maximum tumor diameter (MTD), tumor number, presence of macroscopic portal vein thrombosis (PVT), and serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels. Results Cirrhosis was found in 81.1% of patients; 58.5% had hepatitis B virus (HBV), 14.9% hepatitis C virus (HCV), 8.9% cryptogenic cirrhosis, and less than 2% had alcoholism. MTD was <5 cm in 61.95% of patients, and 31.9% had PVT. The median overall survival was more than six-fold greater for the 444 liver transplant patients than for those without surgery. Transplanted patients had smaller tumors, whereas larger tumors (MTD >10 cm) were primarily in the no-surgery group. Parallel differences were found for AFP levels (highest in the no-surgery group). PVT was present in similar proportions (25.0% for transplant, 28.0% for no-surgery). The presence of cirrhosis was higher in the transplant group. MTD and levels of serum AFP, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and blood platelets were prognostic parameters for transplant. Furthermore, AFP and GGT levels were prognostic for transplanted PVT patients. Only albumin was prognostic in the no-surgery patients. Conclusion Transplanted HCC patients have longer survival, smaller tumors, and more severe liver damage than no-surgery patients. Prognostic subsets were identified within the surgery and the PVT groups.
S-wave Relative Travel Time Tomography for East Asia

We performed seismic imaging based on relative S-wave travel times to examine S-wave velocity of upper mantle structure beneath East Asia. We used teleseismic events recorded at 129 broadband stations of the Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA), and National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED). Relative travel time residuals were obtained by a multi-channel cross-correlation method designed to automatically determine accurate relative phase arrival times. The resulting images show high-velocity anomalies along plate boundaries around the Japanese islands region. These anomalies may indicate subducting Pacific and Philippine Sea plates. On the other hand, a low-velocity anomaly is revealed beneath east of the Korean peninsula down to around 300 km depth, which is thought to be related to the formation of the Ulleung basin and the Ulleung island. Low-velocity anomalies revealed beneath the Jeju island may imply that the formation and volcanism of the Jeju island have been caused by magmatic sources from the deep mantle.
Wound Healing Improvement by Polymer Surgical Suture Coated with Tannic Acid

A surgical suture is a vital medical device to uphold wounded tissue during surgery. However, the application to improve tissue healing must still be developed. This study offered to solve this problem by incorporating tannic acid (TA) into polydioxanone (PDS) sutures. The PDS suture was immersed in TA complexing with iron (III) solutions in pH 8.0 solution. The engineered suture was successful, as revealed by the OH peak of TA in FTIR spectra. Furthermore, it was confirmed by TA particle appearance under Scanning Electron Microscopy. Contact angle measurement showed better wettability in biological mimicking solutions, such as water, serum, and saline solution. Thereby, it improved in vitro wound healing activity. Moreover, our bioinformatics data showed that TA enhanced the wound healing process by addressing multiple targets in the early phase of inflammation. For instance, it induced platelets to reduce bleeding at the early wound healing stage, activated T cells at the inflammation stage, accelerated epidermis cell proliferation, and activated fibroblast as a key player in wound healing. Due to multiple wound healing targets, our suture system was expected to be emphasized in clinical applications. HIGHLIGHTS The engineered surgical suture was fabricated by modifying the surface of surgical suture with tannic acid (TA) through iron (III) complex formation in basic condition The modified PDS suture had a high wettability degree of water, saline, and serum, representing the biological fluid, which was expected to have better biocompatibility Based on bioinformatics analysis, TA revealed multiple targets to stop bleeding by activating platelet through FYN, CD4, and CD8 T cells, induced epithelial cells proliferation through Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), and activated many transcription and migration factors of fibroblast GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT