Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gender-specific differences in comorbidities, in-hospital complications and outcomes in emergency patients with ethanol intoxication with and without multisubstance use.

AIMS OF THE STUDY To analyse gender-specific differences in comorbidities, multisubstance abuse, in-hospital complications, intensive care unit transfers and referrals to psychiatric wards of emergency department patients with ethanol intoxication. Several lines of evidence suggest an influence of gender differences on diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to various diseases. METHODS Over a period of 7 years, all patients with signs or symptoms of ethanol intoxication and a positive blood ethanol test admitted for the first time to the emergency department of a Swiss regional tertiary referral hospital were prospectively enrolled. Patients were categorised into two subgroups: patients without additional drug use were considered ethanol-only cases, whereas patients who had also ingested other substances (as determined from bystanders, physicians and urine drug screening) were considered multisubstance cases. A retrospective analysis of this database evaluated gender-specific differences in comorbidities, multisubstance abuse, in-hospital complications, intensive care unit transfers and referrals to psychiatric wards within these two subgroups. Statistical analysis included Fisher's exact test for categorical data and Wilcoxon rank sum test for continuous data. RESULTS Of 409 enrolled patients, 236 cases were ethanol-only and 173 were multisubstance cases. The three most common comorbidities in multisubstance patients showed significant gender differences: psychiatric disorders (43% males vs 61% females; p = 0.022), chronic ethanol abuse (55% males vs 32% females; p = 0.002) and drug addiction (44% males vs 17% females; p = 0.001). Gender differences were also found for the most frequently co-ingested substances: benzodiazepines (35% males vs 43% females; p = 0.014), cannabis (45% males vs 24% females; p = 0.006) and cocaine (24% males vs 6% females; p = 0.001). Male and female ethanol-only patients were transferred to the intensive care unit in 8% of cases. In multisubstance cases, 32% of male and 43% of female patients were transferred to the intensive care unit (no significant gender difference). The psychiatric ward referral rate in male (30%) and female (48%) patients with multisubstance abuse was significantly different (p = 0.028). No significant gender difference in psychiatric ward referral rates was observed for ethanol-only patients (12% males, 17% females). CONCLUSION Among emergency department patients admitted with ethanol intoxication, gender differences in comorbidities, substance use and psychiatric ward referrals were highly significant among patients who presented with multisubstance abuse. Rates of intensive care unit transfer for patients with ethanol intoxication are substantial for both genders, reflecting relevant disease burden and resource demand, as well as the need for further preventive efforts.
Early COVID-19 Home-Based Care Knowledge and Efficacies: Comparing Ghanaian and US Respondents

Abstract Home-based care messages were part of behavioral modification interventions to mitigate COVID-19 spread early in the pandemic. What remains unclear is the types of home-based care knowledge people have and whether different kinds of home-based care knowledge influence a person’s self-efficacy and response efficacy in managing mild cases. Using a cross-sectional online survey, this exploratory study investigated differences in biomedical and alternative knowledge about COVID-19 home-based care and their association with self and response efficacy from respondents in Ghana and the US. With a total sample of 736 made up of 50.3% from Ghana and 49.7% from the US, the average age range was of 39–48 years. Sixty two percent were females and 38% males. Using chi-square goodness of fit tests, t-tests, and multiple regression for analysis, we found that US respondents had higher biomedical knowledge while Ghanaian respondents had higher alternative knowledge. Although self-efficacy and response efficacy were high in both countries, both kinds of knowledge did not independently improve respondents’ self-efficacy or response efficacy. However, a combination of biomedical and alternative home-based care knowledge items predicted self and response efficacy. Health promoters need to consider ways of utilizing both knowledge types in a complimentary manner during disease outbreaks.
Ocular severe involvement in oculofaciocardiodental syndrome: Description of a case series

Background Oculofaciocardiodental (OFCD) syndrome is a rare genetic disorder affecting ocular, facial, dental, and cardiac systems, being an X-linked condition caused by pathogenic variants in the BCL-6 corepressor gene (BCOR). We report a case series of three female patients with OFCD syndrome with severe glaucoma. Results Three female patients with OFCD syndrome with different variants involving BCOR gene, in heterozygosity: a seven-years-old girl with an insertion (c.2037_2038dupCT), a nine years-old girl with a microdeletion in the X (p21.2-p11.4)) spanning the BCOR gene; and a 25 years-old female with a deletion (c.3858_3859del). Systemic involvement is variable among patients ranging from one patient mainly with ocular and dental involvement to one with associated intra-auricular and intra-ventricular defects. All the patients presented with congenital cataracts diagnosed in the first days of life. Cataract surgery was performed without incidents between 6 and 16 weeks of age in all the patients. Postoperatively, the three patients developed ocular hypertension and glaucoma with the need for surgical interventions, including trabeculectomy, Ahmed valve implantation, and cyclophotocoagulation. Conclusion OFCD syndrome characterizes by a severe ocular involvement with glaucoma as a characteristic feature. Ocular hypertension after cataract surgery in these patients is challenging, almost always needing surgery during childhood. Therefore, we consider BCOR disruption may predispose to a higher incidence of glaucoma due to its aggressiveness and early onset on our case series. The awareness of these complications is crucial to an adequate follow-up of the patients.
Who gives? Characteristics of those who have taken the Giving What We Can pledge.

OBJECTIVE In the current project, we focus on another group of unusual altruists: people who have taken the Giving What We Can (GWWC) pledge to donate at least 10% of their income to charity. Our project aims to understand what is unique about this population. BACKGROUND Many people care about helping, but in recent years there has been a surge of research examining those whose moral concern for others goes far beyond that of the typical population. These unusual altruists (also termed extraordinary or extreme altruists or moral exemplars) make great personal sacrifices to help others-such as donating their kidneys to strangers or participating in COVID-19 vaccine challenge trials. METHOD In a global study (N = 536) we examine a number of cognitive and personality traits of GWWC pledgers and compare them to a country-matched comparison group. RESULTS In accordance with our predictions, GWWC pledgers were better at identifying fearful faces, more morally expansive and higher in actively open-minded thinking, need for cognition and two subscales of utilitarianism and, tentatively, lower in social dominance orientation. Against our predictions, they were lower in maximizing tendency. Finally, we found an inconclusive relationship between pledger status and empathy/compassion that we believe warrants further examination. CONCLUSIONS These findings offer initial insights into the characteristics that set apart those who have made the decision to donate a substantial portion of their income to help others.
Pathogenicity and virulence of Clostridium botulinum

ABSTRACT Clostridium botulinum, a polyphyletic Gram-positive taxon of bacteria, is classified purely by their ability to produce botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT). BoNT is the primary virulence factor and the causative agent of botulism. A potentially fatal disease, botulism is classically characterized by a symmetrical descending flaccid paralysis, which is left untreated can lead to respiratory failure and death. Botulism cases are classified into three main forms dependent on the nature of intoxication; foodborne, wound and infant. The BoNT, regarded as the most potent biological substance known, is a zinc metalloprotease that specifically cleaves SNARE proteins at neuromuscular junctions, preventing exocytosis of neurotransmitters, leading to muscle paralysis. The BoNT is now used to treat numerous medical conditions caused by overactive or spastic muscles and is extensively used in the cosmetic industry due to its high specificity and the exceedingly small doses needed to exert long-lasting pharmacological effects. Additionally, the ability to form endospores is critical to the pathogenicity of the bacteria. Disease transmission is often facilitated via the metabolically dormant spores that are highly resistant to environment stresses, allowing persistence in the environment in unfavourable conditions. Infant and wound botulism infections are initiated upon germination of the spores into neurotoxin producing vegetative cells, whereas foodborne botulism is attributed to ingestion of preformed BoNT. C. botulinum is a saprophytic bacterium, thought to have evolved its potent neurotoxin to establish a source of nutrients by killing its host. Graphical abstract
Anti-biofilm and bacteriostatic effects of three flavonoid compounds on Streptococcus mutans

Abstract Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is the main cariogenic pathogen associated with dental caries. Orientin-2''-O-β-L-galactoside, orientin and vitexin are natural flavonoids compound. In this study, the antibacterial ability of these flavonoids and their mechanisms in inhibiting S. mutans biofilm formation were investigated. Inhibition zone and 2-fold-dilution tests showed that these flavonoids exerted inhibitory effects on S. mutans. Phenol sulfuric acid method and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) test revealed that they could reduce EPS formation and stimulate S. mutans to release LDH. Moreover, crystal violet and live/dead bacterial staining test showed that they inhibited biofilm formation. Finally, qRT-PCR test indicated that the down-regulated the transcription levels of spaP, srtA, brpA, gtfB and luxS genes of S. mutans. In conclusion, orientin-2''-O-β-L-galactoside, orientin and vitexin had antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities.
The p,q-binomial distribution applied to the 5d Ising model

Abstract The leading order form of the magnetization distribution is well-known for the 5d Ising model close to . Its corrections-to-scaling are not known though. Since we have earlier established that this distribution is extremely well-fitted by a -binomial distribution, we report considerably longer series expansions for its moments in terms of three parameters, providing new details on the scaling behaviour of the Ising distribution and its moments near . As applications, we give for example the scaling formulas for the ratios , and the full distribution at .
Integrating Primary Care into the Management of Cystic Fibrosis

Over the last 50 years, cystic fibrosis has radically transformed from a fatal disease of infancy to a chronic disease of adulthood. By 2025 it is estimated that 70% of individuals with cystic fibrosis (iwCF) will be cared for in adult clinics. We believe the role of a dedicated primary care provider (PCP) for preventative care will be crucial for the longevity of iwCF. There are various models for incorporating primary care medicine into CF management, but no universally accepted standard exists. Ideally, the PCP and pulmonologist practice in a patientcentered medical home, given the growing evidence that these care models are associated with improved quality-of-life measures, mental health, and disease-specific outcomes. To improve engagement with primary care in CF, there needs to be a shift in education at the undergraduate medical education and provider training levels. Increasing the knowledge of CF-related illness is vital in fostering a close relationship between the PCP and their patient. To meet this need, primary care doctors will need tools and practical experiences in managing this rare condition. This can start being addressed by providing ample opportunities for the inclusion of PCPs into subspecialty clinics and through engagement with community providers through readily available didactics, seminars, and open lines of communication. As PCPs and CF clinicians, we feel that shifting the domain of preventative care to the expertise of a primary care physician will allow for a more CF-specific focus in subspecialty clinics and help prevent these vital health maintenance tasks from being overlooked, altogether advancing the health and well-being of iwCF.
Quality Matters: Examining the Impact of Nurse Staffing Challenges on Clinical Outcomes

Goal: The purpose of this study was to examine nurse staffing while describing the relationships that exist in staffing and quality associated with nursing care during the COVID-19 pandemic, a significantly challenging time for nurse staffing. We examined the relationship between permanent registered nurse (RN) and travel RN staffing during the pandemic and the nursing-sensitive outcomes of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs), central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs), falls, and hospital-acquired pressure injuries (HAPIs) and length of stay and compared the cost of CAUTIs, CLABSIs, falls, and HAPIs in fiscal years 2021 and 2022. Methods: We used a descriptive, observational design to retrospectively examine permanent nurse staffing volume and CAUTI, CLABSI, HAPI, and fall counts from October 1, 2019, to February 28, 2022, and travel nurse volume for the most current 12 months, April 1, 2021, to March 31, 2022. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and statistical process control analyses were completed. Principal Findings: Pearson correlation showed a statistically significant, moderately strong negative correlation (r = −0.568, p = .001) between the active registered nurse full-time equivalents (RN FTEs) and average length of stay (ALOS), and a moderately strong positive correlation (r = 0.688, p = .013) between the travel RN FTEs and ALOS. Pearson correlations were not statistically significant, with low to moderate negative correlations for CAUTIs (r = −0.052, p = .786), CLABSIs (r = −0.207, p = .273), and falls (r = −0.056, p = .769). Pearson correlation for active RN and HAPI showed a moderately strong, statistically significant positive correlation (r = 0.499, p = .003). We observed common cause variation in CAUTIs and CLABSIs, with HAPIs and falls showing special cause variation via statistical process control. Practical Applications: Despite the challenges associated with the lack of available nurse staffing accompanied by increasing responsibilities including unlicensed tasks, positive clinical outcomes can be maintained by staff adherence to evidence-based quality improvement.
Association of kidney function with cancer incidence and its influence on cancer risk of smoking: The Japan Multi‐Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study

The association between kidney function and cancer incidence is inconsistent among previous reports, and data on the Japanese population are lacking. It is unknown whether kidney function modifies the cancer risk of other factors. We aimed to evaluate the association of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) with cancer incidence and mortality in 55 242 participants (median age, 57 years; 55% women) from the Japan Multi‐Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study. We also investigated differences in cancer risk factors between individuals with and without kidney dysfunction. During a median 9.3‐year follow‐up period, 4278 (7.7%) subjects developed cancer. Moderately low and high eGFRs were associated with higher cancer incidence; compared with eGFR of 60‐74 ml/min/1.73 m2, the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for eGFRs of ≥90, 75‐89, 45‐59, 30‐44 and 10‐29 ml/min/1.73 m2 were 1.18 (1.07‐1.29), 1.09 (1.01‐1.17), 0.93 (0.83‐1.04), 1.36 (1.00‐1.84) and 1.12 (0.55‐2.26), respectively. High eGFR was associated with higher cancer mortality, while low eGFR was not; the adjusted subdistribution HRs (95% CIs) for eGFRs of ≥90 and 75‐89 ml/min/1.73 m2 were 1.58 (1.29‐1.94) and 1.27 (1.08‐1.50), respectively. Subgroup analyses of participants with eGFRs ≥60 and <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 revealed elevated cancer risks of smoking and family history of cancer in those with eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2, with significant interactions. Our findings suggest that the relationship between eGFR and cancer incidence was U‐shaped. Only high eGFR was associated with cancer mortality. Kidney dysfunction enhanced cancer risk from smoking.
Emerging Time-Resolved X-Ray Diffraction Approaches for Protein Dynamics

Proteins guide the flows of information, energy, and matter that make life possible by accelerating transport and chemical reactions, by allosterically modulating these reactions, and by forming dynamic supramolecular assemblies. In these roles, conformational change underlies functional transitions. Time-resolved X-ray diffraction methods characterize these transitions either by directly triggering sequences of functionally important motions or, more broadly, by capturing the motions of which proteins are capable. To date, most successful have been experiments in which conformational change is triggered in light-dependent proteins. In this review, I emphasize emerging techniques that probe the dynamic basis of function in proteins lacking natively light-dependent transitions and speculate about extensions and further possibilities. In addition, I review how the weaker and more distributed signals in these data push the limits of the capabilities of analytical methods. Taken together, these new methods are beginning to establish a powerful paradigm for the study of the physics of protein function.
Absence of Cartan subalgebras for Hecke von Neumann algebras

For a right-angled Coxeter system $(W,S)$ and $q>0$, let $\mathcal{M}_q$ be the associated Hecke von Neumann algebra, which is generated by self-adjoint operators $T_s, s \in S$ satisfying the Hecke relation $(\sqrt{q}\: T_s - q) (\sqrt{q} \: T_s + 1) = 0$ as well as suitable commutation relations. Under the assumption that $(W, S)$ is reduced and $\vert S \vert \geq 3$ it was proved by Garncarek that $\mathcal{M}_q$ is a factor (of type II$_1$) for a range $q \in [\rho^{-1}, \rho]$ and otherwise $\mathcal{M}_q$ is the direct sum of a II$_1$-factor and $\mathbb{C}$. In this paper we prove (under the same natural conditions as Garncarek) that $\mathcal{M}_q$ is non-injective, has the weak-$\ast$ completely bounded approximation property and is a strongly solid algebra. Consequently $\mathcal{M}_q$ cannot have a Cartan subalgebra.
Binary Logo Watermarking based on Multiresolution SVD

In this paper a new watermarking scheme is proposed which combines Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) and its multiresolution form (MR-SVD). The experimental results obtained through the proposed scheme establish the fact that the scheme yields better PSNR value thereby providing good imperceptible and robustness against various attacks. Both MRSVD and SVD are based on matrix operation, so their combination avoids the convolution function (as in the case of DWT) which involves a lot of resources.
Culprit‐Only Versus Immediate Multivessel Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicating Advanced Cardiogenic Shock Requiring Venoarterial‐Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

Background Despite the benefit of culprit‐only percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the CULPRIT‐SHOCK (Culprit Lesion Only PCI Versus Multi‐vessel PCI in Cardiogenic Shock) trial, the optimal revascularization strategy for refractory cardiogenic shock (CS) requiring mechanical circulatory support devices remains controversial. This study aimed to compare clinical outcomes between the culprit‐only and immediate multivessel PCI strategies in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by CS who underwent venoarterial‐extracorporeal membrane oxygenation before revascularization. Methods and Results This study included patient‐pooled data from the RESCUE (Retrospective and Prospective Observational Study to Investigate Clinical Outcomes and Efficacy of Left Ventricular Assist Devices for Korean Patients With Cardiogenic Shock) and SMC‐ECMO (Samsung Medical Center–Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation) registries. A total of 315 patients with acute myocardial infarction with multivessel disease who underwent venoarterial‐extracorporeal membrane oxygenation before revascularization attributable to refractory CS were included in this analysis. The study population was classified into culprit‐only versus immediate multivessel PCI according to nonculprit lesion treatment strategies. The primary end point was 30‐day mortality or renal‐replacement therapy, and the key secondary end point was 12‐month follow‐up mortality. Among the study population, 175 (55.6%) underwent culprit‐only PCI and 140 (44.4%) underwent immediate multivessel PCI. Compared with culprit‐only PCI, immediate multivessel PCI was associated with significantly lower risks of 30‐day mortality or renal‐replacement therapy (68.0% versus 54.3%; P=0.018) and all‐cause mortality during 12 months of follow‐up (59.5% versus 47.5%; hazard ratio [HR], 0.689 [95% CI, 0.506–0.939]; P=0.018) in patients with acute myocardial infarction and CS who underwent venoarterial‐extracorporeal membrane oxygenation before revascularization. These results were also consistent in the 99 pairs of propensity score–matched population (60.6% versus 43.6%; HR, 0.622 [95% CI, 0.420–0.922]; P=0.018). Conclusions Among patients with acute myocardial infarction with multivessel disease complicated by advanced CS requiring venoarterial‐extracorporeal membrane oxygenation before revascularization, immediate multivessel PCI was associated with lower incidences of 30‐day mortality or renal replacement therapy and 12‐month follow‐up mortality, compared with culprit‐only PCI. Registration Information clinicaltrials.gov. Identifier: NCT02985008.
Rotation of a ice disc during the melting on a solid plate

Ice discs were released at the surface of a thermalized aluminium plate. The fusion of the ice creates a lubrication film between the ice disc and the plate. The disc becomes very mobile. The situation is isomorphe to the Leidenfrost effect reported for liquid droplet evaporating at the surface of a plate which temperature is over the boiling temperature of the liquid. For the ice discs, we observe that, while the ice discs were melting, they were rotating. The ice disc rotates starts rotating. The rotation speed increases with the temperature of the plate and with the load put on the ice disc. A model is proposed to explain the spontaneous rotation of the ice disc. We claim that the rotation is due to the viscous entrainment of the ice disc by the liquid that flows around the ice disc.