Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Keeping 21st Century Paleontology Grounded: Quantitative Genetic Analyses and Ancestral State Reconstruction Re-Emphasize the Essentiality of Fossils

Simple Summary Over the last two decades of biological research, our understanding of how genes determine dental development and variation has expanded greatly. Here, we explore how this new knowledge can be applied to the fossil record of cercopithecid monkeys. We compare a traditional paleontological method for assessing dental size variation with measurement approaches derived from quantitative genetics and developmental biology. We find that these new methods for assessing dental variation provide novel insight to the evolution of the cercopithecid monkey dentition, different from the insight provided by traditional size measurements. When we explore the variation of these traits in the cercopithecid fossil record, we find that the variation is outside the range predicted based on extant variation alone. Our 21st century biological approach to paleontology reveals that we have even more to learn from fossils than previously recognized. Abstract Advances in genetics and developmental biology are revealing the relationship between genotype and dental phenotype (G:P), providing new approaches for how paleontologists assess dental variation in the fossil record. Our aim was to understand how the method of trait definition influences the ability to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history in the Cercopithecidae, the Linnaean Family of monkeys currently living in Africa and Asia. We compared the two-dimensional assessment of molar size (calculated as the mesiodistal length of the crown multiplied by the buccolingual breadth) to a trait that reflects developmental influences on molar development (the inhibitory cascade, IC) and two traits that reflect the genetic architecture of postcanine tooth size variation (defined through quantitative genetic analyses: MMC and PMM). All traits were significantly influenced by the additive effects of genes and had similarly high heritability estimates. The proportion of covariate effects was greater for two-dimensional size compared to the G:P-defined traits. IC and MMC both showed evidence of selection, suggesting that they result from the same genetic architecture. When compared to the fossil record, Ancestral State Reconstruction using extant taxa consistently underestimated MMC and PMM values, highlighting the necessity of fossil data for understanding evolutionary patterns in these traits. Given that G:P-defined dental traits may provide insight to biological mechanisms that reach far beyond the dentition, this new approach to fossil morphology has the potential to open an entirely new window onto extinct paleobiologies. Without the fossil record, we would not be able to grasp the full range of variation in those biological mechanisms that have existed throughout evolution.
The Impact of GSCM on Manufacturing Enterprise’s Performance

The Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) is a significantly important proposition to resolve issues and hurdles between the economic development of manufacturing enterprises and its commitment to environment and society, and it will also encourage and promote the degree of green environmental and eventually enhance the enterprises performance. This article collects 136 manufacturing companies of Guangzhou and Shenzhen provinces of China as the research samples, and structural equation model (SEM) is used to explore the relationship among environmental monitoring, environmental collaboration and enterprise’s performance. These findings show that the GSCM contains social environmental responsibility information publicly and the general public engagement, provides new power to achieve the win-win situation between financial and environmental performance through collaborated environmental management activities, environmental violations monitoring and other aspects performed by downstream and upstream companies.
Development of Alectinib-Suspended SNEDDS for Enhanced Solubility and Dissolution

Alectinib hydrochloride (ALH), a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is a practically water-insoluble drug classified as BCS class IV. The present study aimed to develop novel suspended self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (Su-SNEDDS) to enhance the solubility and dissolution rate. The Su-SNEDDS was prepared by saturation and suspension of ALH in SNEDDS with ultrasonication energy. According to evaluation by the dispersion test and the results of particle size analysis, the selected SNEDDS composed of Kolliphor HS 15 and Capmul MCM C8 as surfactant and oil, respectively, showed a complete dissolution within 30 min. However, the SNEDDS loaded and solubilized only small amount of ALH (<0.6%, w/w). On the other hand, 10% ALH-loaded Su-SNEDDS containing small and micronized ALH particles of <5 μm had about 20-fold higher ALH-loading% than the SNEDDS and reached a 100% dissolution rate within 30 min in 1% sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) pH 1.2 buffer. In the dispersion test and microscopic observation, micronized ALH particles in the Su-SNEDDS were readily dispersed in the dissolution medium with spontaneous nanoemulsion formation and instantly solubilized with the aid of SLS. Taken together, our results suggest that the Su-SNEDDS would be a potent oral dosage form to enhance the solubilization and dissolution rate of ALH in a new technological way.
Statin Prescription Patterns and Associations with Subclinical Inflammation

Background and Objectives: Statins have been extensively utilised in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) prevention and can inhibit inflammation. However, the association between statin therapy, subclinical inflammation and associated health outcomes is poorly understood in the primary care setting. Materials and Methods: Primary care electronic health record (EHR) data from the electronic Practice-Based Research Network (ePBRN) from 2012–2019 was used to assess statin usage and adherence in South-Western Sydney (SWS), Australia. Independent determinants of elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) were determined. The relationship between baseline CRP levels and hospitalisation rates at 12 months was investigated. Results: The prevalence of lipid-lowering medications was 14.0% in all adults and 44.6% in the elderly (≥65 years). The prevalence increased from 2012 to 2019 despite a drop in statin use between 2013–2015. A total of 55% of individuals had good adherence (>80%). Hydrophilic statin use and higher intensity statin therapy were associated with elevated CRP levels. However, elevated CRP levels were not associated with all-cause or ASCVD hospitalisations after adjusting for confounders. Conclusions: The prevalence and adherence patterns associated with lipid-lowering medications highlighted the elevated ASCVD-related burden in the SWS population, especially when compared with the Australian general population. Patients in SWS may benefit from enhanced screening protocols, targeted health literacy and promotion campaigns, and timely incorporation of evidence into ASCVD clinical guidelines. This study, which used EHR data, did not support the use of CRP as an independent marker of future short-term hospitalisations.
Use of Machine Learning to Reduce Uncertainties in Particle Number Concentration and Aerosol Indirect Radiative Forcing Predicted by Climate Models

The radiative forcing of anthropogenic aerosols associated with aerosol‐cloud interactions (RFaci) remains the largest source of uncertainty in climate prediction. The calculation of particle number concentration (PNC), one of the critical parameters affecting RFaci, is generally simplified in climate models. Here we employ outputs from long‐term (30‐year) simulations of a global size‐resolved (sectional) aerosol microphysics model and a machine‐learning tool to develop a Random Forest Regression Model (RFRM) for PNC. We have implemented the PNC RFRM in GISS‐ModelE2.1 with a mass‐based One‐Moment Aerosol module, which is one of CMIP6 models. Compared to the default setting, the GISS‐ModelE2.1 simulation based on RFRM reduces the changes of cloud droplet number concentration associated with anthropogenic emissions, and decreases the RFaci from −1.46 to −1.11 W·m−2. This work highlights a promising approach based on machine learning to reduce uncertainties of climate models in predicting PNC and RFaci without compromising their computing efficiency.
Insole modification as a plantar pressure distributor in diabetic polyneuropathy

73 years old, male, referred from Internal Medicine department with diagnose Diabetic Polyneuropathy. The patient felt numbness at both feet since about 8 years ago and also complain about shortened walking distance because of fatigue. From the physical examination we found that has muscle weakness at left leg. From the foot examination there were decreased vibration and light touch sensation, anhidrosis, hyperkeratosis at his feet. There were also charcot arthropathy and decreased of foot fat pad. Foot pressure examination was high. The treatment goal for this patient is to wear comfortable footwear, improving walking endurance, and preventing future ulceration. The insole was needed to decrease plantar pressure during ambulation. Recommended rehabilitation treatment involves interaction between the health care team and the patient to achieve rehabilitation goals.
The effect of purple passion fruit juice on superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde levels in hypercholesterolemic rats

BackgroundHypercholesterolemia due to a high cholesterol diet can increase free radicals resulting in oxidative stress. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) have been used as the study markers of oxidative stress in cases of hypercholesterolemia. Purple passion fruit contains various compounds that may reduce free radicals. This study aimed to determine the effect of purple passion fruit juice on SOD and MDA levels in hypercholesterolemic rats. MethodsAn experimental analysis with post-test only control group design involving 28 male Wistar rats. They were divided into 4 groups: normal control (K1), hypercholesterolemic control (K2), purple passion fruit juice treatment at 4.2 mL/200 gBW/day (K3), and simvastatin treatment at 0.018 mg/200 gBW/day (K4). The purple passion fruit juice at 4.2 mL/200 gBW/day was administered for 14 days. SOD levels were examined by enzymatic colorimetric methods using the Ransod kit and MDA levels by the TBARS method. ResultsThe Kruskal-Wallis test showed a significant difference in SOD levels between the tested groups (p<0.05). One-way ANOVA test for MDA levels showed a significant difference (p<0.05). Post Hoc test (Mann-Whitney for SOD and LSD for MDA levels) also showed significant differences: K1 vs. K2, K2 vs. K3, K2 vs. K4, and K3 vs. K4 (p<0.05). ConclusionThis study demonstrated that purple passion fruit juice significantly increases the SOD and lowers the MDA level in hypercholesterolemic male Wistar rats. Consumption of purple passion fruit juice may help to modulate oxidative stress caused by hypercholesterolemia in rats.
Design of a compact magneto‐electric dipole antenna with bandwidth and gain enhancement

A compact magneto‐electric (ME) dipole antenna has been designed to improve bandwidth and gain. The E‐dipole and M‐dipole elements have separate resonance modes, that is, the E‐dipole operates from (4.5 to 5.15 GHz, and 5.36 to 6.4 GHz) and the M‐dipole operates from (4.25 to 5.2 GHz). A ME dipole structure is generated when the (E + H) dipole structures are combined. For successful ME coupling, the E‐dipole lengths are enlarged at the top and bottom, while truncated in the center. This configuration combines a wide impedance bandwidth with a high broadside radiation gain in a small package. The ME dipole element has a bandwidth of 42.44% from (3.1 to 3.6 GHz, and 4.7 to 6.2 GHz) and gain of 7.1 dBi when the isolated resonant modes of E‐ and M‐dipoles are efficiently induced. To improve overall antenna performance, a metallic reflector is loaded at a height of Hair = 8 mm, resulting in an increase in bandwidth of 82.35% from (2.5 to 6.0 GHz) and a gain improvement of 10.2 dBi. A constructed prototype antenna has been tested and found to be in good agreement with simulated results, to be potentially explored in wireless communication systems.
Fallbericht: Von der Nachforderung zur Analgesie zur Polytrauma-Reanimation in der Häuslichkeit

Zusammenfassung Der vorliegende Fallbericht beschreibt, wie eine anfänglich harmlos anmutende Nachforderung zur Analgesie bei Sturz in der Häuslichkeit in einer erfolglosen Polytrauma-Reanimation mit erweiterten invasiven Maßnahmen mündet. Was hat das Rettungsteam zu beachten? Wurden alle therapeutischen Mittel ausgenutzt? Liegt gegebenenfalls eine unklare/nicht natürliche Todesart vor? Es erfolgt eine rechtsmedizinische Obduktion zur Klärung der offenen Fragen.
Different check sizes pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials study in patients with compensated hepatic cirrhosis

Background: Cirrhosis is a dynamic process starts after sustained inflammation, followed by necrosis of liver cells and fibrosis that occur as a normal wound healing response then nodular formation that eventually lead to hepatic dysfunction. Aim and objectives: Study the effect of hepatic cirrhosis on cerebral cortex and subcortical pathways using VEP, and Comparison between different VEP check sizes in detection of early encephalopathy among cirrhotics. Subjects and methods: This was a case/control study carried out on 45 cirrhotic patients, and 45 matched normal controls. All subjects underwent full opthalmological assesment prio to the conduction of the PVEP, after the approval of the ethical committee. Results: the studied cases had significantly more delayed latency and lower amplitude than the studied controls on both sides at both 1 degree and 15 minutes check sizes (P-value<0.05), however 13 patiebts were detected by the 15 min check size to be abnormal on he contrary of the 1 degree chech size that detected changes only in 6 patients. Conclusion: Vep 15 min is more sensitive in detecting early changes in cirrhotic patients. denoting that most of the hepatic encephalopathy changes are affecting the central visual field.
Impacts of Gut Microbiota on the Immune System and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation as a Re-Emerging Therapy for Autoimmune Diseases

The enormous and diverse population of microorganisms residing in the digestive tracts of humans and animals influence the development, regulation, and function of the immune system. Recently, the understanding of the association between autoimmune diseases and gut microbiota has been improved due to the innovation of high-throughput sequencing technologies with high resolutions. Several studies have reported perturbation of gut microbiota as one of the factors playing a role in the pathogenesis of many diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, recurrent diarrhea due to Clostridioides difficile infections. Restoration of healthy gut microbiota by transferring fecal material from a healthy donor to a sick recipient, called fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), has resolved or improved symptoms of autoimmune diseases. This (re)emerging therapy was approved for the treatment of drug-resistant recurrent C. difficile infections in 2013 by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Numerous human and animal studies have demonstrated FMT has the potential as the next generation therapy to control autoimmune and other health problems. Alas, this new therapeutic method has limitations, including the risk of transferring antibiotic-resistant pathogens or transmission of genes from donors to recipients and/or exacerbating the conditions in some patients. Therefore, continued research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms by which gut microbiota is involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and to improve the efficacy and optimize the preparation of FMT for different disease conditions, and to tailor FMT to meet the needs in both humans and animals. The prospect of FMT therapy includes shifting from the current practice of using the whole fecal materials to the more aesthetic transfer of selective microbial consortia assembled in vitro or using their metabolic products.
Early Career Materials Researcher Prospective Opportunities in magnetic materials for high‑frequency power conversion

Power converters are increasingly being operated at switching frequencies beyond 1 MHz to reduce energy storage requirements and passive component size. To achieve this miniaturization, designers of inductors and transformers need magnetic materials with good properties in the MHz regime. In this paper, we argue that available materials are not optimized for MHz power conversion applications—even those that are marketed as such—and that further development of magnetic materials is needed. In particular, we review how magnetic components are used in power converters and demonstrate that reducing core loss should be the main target of future material development, as existing permeabilities and saturation flux densities are substantially higher than necessary. The progress of power conversion technology will depend in part on how well new magnetic materials can be optimized—properly—for the MHz regime.
Measuring seasonal velocity variations on an urban DAS array

Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) converts a deployed optical fiber into a dense seismic array. Owing to lower maintenance costs, fixed infrastructure, and non-intrusive deployments, DAS-based seismic acquisition provides a cost-effective near-surface monitoring network, especially when using existing telecommunication fiber in urban settings. One interesting application on such networks is applying seismic interferometry, where one can convert the ambient seismic signals into crosscorrelated virtual shot gathers containing subsurface information. We present a case study using a 10-month ambient DAS data set acquired on a fiber array deployed in the metropolitan area of Perth, Australia. We investigate whether long-term seasonal variations can be recovered from ambient urban waveforms on such a DAS array. Weekly stacked interferometric virtual shot gathers reveal bulk 3-4% variations in surface-wave velocities between winter and spring months, which are likely related to variations in near-surface groundwater content. This observation suggests that urban DAS fiber networks may provide an opportunity for urban-subsurface monitoring of groundwater variations.
Performance Analysis of a Multi-Slope Chirp Spread Spectrum Signal for PNT in a LEO Constellation

During the past few decades, the use of global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) has become the primary and sometimes only way of providing a positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) solution for many outdoor applications. Further-more, GNSS is playing an important role on the development of smart cities and Internet of things (IoT) applications. For this reason, seamless navigation has become very crucial for numerous PNT-dependent applications. Unfortunately, GNSS is a technology that is vulnerable to several threats. All these ingredients boil down to the need for alternative PNT solutions to backup GNSS in case of miss performance or denial of service. The use of low earth orbit (LEO) constellations has been considered in the literature to provide global solution, but more importantly because it will bring some benefits with respect to medium earth orbit (MEO); which is the constellation used in GNSS. Based on these considerations, in this paper we focus on the design of a new PNT signal for LEO constellations. Furthermore, a comprehensive performance analysis is carried out with the aim of reducing the receiver complexity. For that, a chirp spread spectrum signal design is considered.
A Time-Domain Piecewise Analytical AC Harmonic Current Calculation Method Suitable for Capacitor Commutated Converter

The Capacitor Commutated Converter (CCC) is constructed as a conventional Line Commutated Converter (LCC) modified with a series capacitor between the converter transformer and thyristor valves in each phase. This article proposes a time-domain piecewise analytical AC harmonic current calculation method for the CCC system. Compared to the existing calculation methods, the proposed method can calculate both characteristic and non-characteristic harmonics simultaneously when various asymmetric factors are considered. Firstly, the overlap angles are calculated considering the asymmetric factors after partitioning the piecewise intervals in a fundamental period. Secondly, the AC harmonic currents are calculated considering the DC side harmonic currents based on the Thevenin equivalent model of the DC circuit. Then, the effectiveness of the proposed calculation method is validated by simulation results in PSCAD/EMTDC. The comparison result shows that the proposed method is high-efficiency and high-accuracy for the AC harmonic current calculation of the CCC system and can meet the requirement of CCC filter design in practical projects. Finally, the influence of the asymmetric factors on the overlap angle calculation and the influence of the commutation capacitor variation on the commutation parameters are studied.
Fault diagnosis of rolling element bearing based on a new noise-resistant time-frequency analysis method

When fault arises in the rolling element bearing, the time-domain waveform of fault vibration signal will take on the characteristic of cyclostationarity, and the spectral correlation (SC) or spectral correlation density (SCD) basing on second order cyclic statistic is an effective cyclostationarity signal processing method. However, when the fault signal is surrounded by strong background noise, the traditional signal processing methods such envelope demodulation analysis and SC would not work effectively. The paper improves the SC method and a new time-frequency analysis method naming improved spectral correlation (ISC) is proposed. The proposed method is much more noise-resistant than SC through the verification of simulation analysis results. Besides, it takes on modulation phenomenon usually when fault arises in the rolling element bearing and the aim of fault feature extraction is to extract the fault characteristic frequency only or cyclic modulation frequency and the modulated frequency or carrier frequency buried in the object vibration signal is neglected. So, the paper improves the ISC further and the improved ISC (IISC) is proposed. The IISC will extract the modulation frequency only and it has the advantages of much clearer expression effect and better extraction effect. The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method are verified through the three kinds of fault (inner race fault, outer race fault and rolling element fault) of rolling element bearing. Besides, the advantages of the proposed method over the other relative time-frequency analysis methods such as ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and spectral kurtosis (SK) are also presented in the paper.