Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PMD mitigation by optic and electronic signal processing

We have seen that for electronic PMD equalization powerful nonlinear signal processing schemes and efficient and fast adaptation procedures exist. Nevertheless, at strong PMD distortion residual penalty below 4 dB seems not to be impossible in the presence of optical noise. Though optical compensation theoretically permits zero penalty operation, its limits seems to be posed by the lack of continuously and fast tunable filters (group delay lines, dispersion) which allow to avoid trapping in relative adaptation maxima, and by the availability of only one scalar feedback signal, which prohibits fast adaptation of more effective optical processing schemes.
Asymptotic behavior of the Lempel-Ziv parsing scheme and digital trees

For the memoryless source with unequal probabilities of symbols generation we derive the limiting distribution for the number of phrases in the Lempel-Ziv (1978) parsing scheme. This proves a long standing open problem. In order to establish it we had to solve another open problem, namely, that of deriving the limiting distribution of the internal path length in a digital search tree.
Mechanics of ( Xe ) N atomic chains under STM manipulation

The mechanical behavior of short atomic chains under the action of a scanning tunneling microscope ~STM! tip is investigated from computerized simulations. The calculation of the constrained atomic positions is performed with a molecular-dynamics approach. The system studied consists of N(1<N<5) xenon atoms located in the Cu~110! -surface/tetragonal Cu-tip interface. The tunneling current calculation is based on the elastic scattering quantum chemistry method . The combination of these two descriptions ~electric and mechanical! allows the behavior of the adsorbates to be described precisely. In particular, when working in the operational constant current mode, our numerical scheme behaves as a realistic virtual STM that allows an accurate prediction of the intrinsic mechanisms involved in similar experiments. In a first stage, for a single atom we present a diagram summarizing the different possible mechanisms versus the different initial conditions. By adding a second adsorbate, we establish a relation between the adsorbate spacing and the evolution of the tip trajectory @the so-called feedback loop signal ~FLS! #. Finally, we present a discussion on the shape of such FLS signals when a linear chain composed of five Xe atoms is laterally pushed by the tip. The extraction of quantitative information on the adsorbate configurations during the manipulation is also addressed.
INTELLIGENT ANALYSIS SYSTEM FOR MONITORING THE SPREAD AND INFLUENCE OF POLITICAL INTERNET MEMES

Annotation. Th e paper explores the options for developing artifi cial intelligence technologies and tools aimed at enhancing the functionality of the system designed for monitoring and analyzing political Internet memes in the Russian-speaking segment of the Internet. Achieving this goal on the basis of deep machine learning methods and neural network technologies involves dealing with a number of correlated systemic interdisciplinary tasks (problems), which we discuss in the article. We introduce the architecture and functionality of the Memometrix soft ware package, which can provide a partial solution to the problem of automatic image acquisition, tagging, fi ltering, grouping and exporting. Th e rationale for distinguishing diff erent levels of mac- ro-and micromodels, models of information interaction between intelligent agents
Zebrafish Models for Skeletal Muscle Senescence: Lessons from Cell Cultures and Rodent Models

Human life expectancy has markedly increased over the past hundred years. Consequently, the percentage of elderly people is increasing. Aging and sarcopenic changes in skeletal muscles not only reduce locomotor activities in elderly people but also increase the chance of trauma, such as bone fractures, and the incidence of other diseases, such as metabolic syndrome, due to reduced physical activity. Exercise therapy is currently the only treatment and prevention approach for skeletal muscle aging. In this review, we aimed to summarize the strategies for modeling skeletal muscle senescence in cell cultures and rodents and provide future perspectives based on zebrafish models. In cell cultures, in addition to myoblast proliferation and myotube differentiation, senescence induction into differentiated myotubes is also promising. In rodents, several models have been reported that reflect the skeletal muscle aging phenotype or parts of it, including the accelerated aging models. Although there are fewer models of skeletal muscle aging in zebrafish than in mice, various models have been reported in recent years with the development of CRISPR/Cas9 technology, and further advancements in the field using zebrafish models are expected in the future.
Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of Novel Ergosterol Peroxide Derivatives with Acrylate or Propionate Side Chain

A series of novel ergosterol peroxide derivatives with acrylate or propionate side chain were synthesized. All compounds 3a-n were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against four kinds of human carcinoma cell lines (HepG2, MCF-7, HCT-116, and A549). Most of the derivatives displayed stronger cytotoxicity than ergosterol peroxide parent. Among them, compound 3h with the highest potency against HepG2 cell line (IC50 = 2.70 μM), which was 7.47-fold more efficacious than ergosterol peroxide. The results suggested that the introduction of acrylate or propionate side chain at C-3 position of ergosterol peroxide is beneficial to enhance its cytotoxic activity. Compound 3h has potential to become a novel anti-tumor agent through further structural modification.
INSM1 Expression in Mesenchymal Tumors and Its Clinicopathological Significance

Background Insulinoma-associated protein 1 (INSM1) has been identified as a nuclear marker of neuroendocrine tumors. Although INSM1 appears to be a subtle and specific biomarker for neuroendocrine tumor, its expression and clinicopathological significance in mesenchymal tumors remain unclear. Methods We analyzed INSM1 mRNA level in GEO database and conducted immunohistological staining to detect the expression of INSM1 on 576 mesenchymal tumors from pathology department of Tongji Hospital. Results At transcription level, INSM1 expression in AITL (angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma) was higher than their adjacent normal tissues as well as Hodgkin's lymphoma. Moreover, INSM1 expression in well-differentiated liposarcoma (WDLPS) was significantly higher than normal fat (P = 0.014) and dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) (P = 0.0248). At protein level, the positive rate of INSM1 in AITL was 18/48 (47.4%), while in DDLPS was 9/20 (45%). INSM1 expression in AITL was significantly higher than Hodgkin's lymphoma (P = 0.008). And INSM1 expression in WDLPS was significantly lower than DDLPS (P = 0.015). Conclusion The combination of GEO data and immunohistochemistry data indicated that the expression level of INSM1 was higher in AITL compared with normal control, suggesting that INSM1 may be involved in pathogenesis of AITL. The abnormal expression of INSM1 was found in WDLPS, and the positive rate of INSM1 was higher in DDLPS than in WDLPS. INSM1 may be involved in the regulation of liposarcoma development. There were significant differences in the expression of INSM1 between AITL and Hodgkin's lymphoma and WDLPS and DDLPS. These findings may assist in the differential diagnosis of these tumors when common markers are difficult to identify, enriching the diagnostic index system of mesenchymal tumors.
590 nm LED Irradiation Improved Erythema through Inhibiting Angiogenesis of Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells and Ameliorated Pigmentation in Melasma

Melasma is a common refractory acquired pigmentary skin disease that mainly affects middle-aged women. The pathogenesis of melasma is still uncertain, while abnormal vascular endothelial cells may play a role. We previously demonstrated the yellow light of light-emitting diodes (LED) could inhibit melanogenesis through the photobiomodulation (PBM) of melanocytes and keratinocytes. In the current study, we investigated the effect of 590 nm LED on the function of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1). We revealed 0–40 J/cm2 590 nm LED had no toxic effect on HMEC-1 in vitro. 590 nm LED irradiation significantly reduced cell migration, tube formation, as well as the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and stem cell factor (SCF), a pro-melanogenic factor. Moreover, we illustrated that 590 nm LED inhibited the phosphorylation of the AKT/PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway, and the inhibitory effect on HMEC-1 could be partially reversed by insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), an AKT/PI3K/mTOR pathway agonist. Besides, we conducted a pilot clinical study and observed a marked improvement on facial erythema and pigmentation in melasma patients after amber LED phototherapy. Taken together, 590 nm LED inhibited HMEC-1 migration, tube formation and the secretion of VEGF and SCF, predominantly through the inhibition of the AKT/PI3K/mTOR pathway, which may serve as a novel therapeutic option for melasma.
Color mixing in targets seen through turbulence

We propose a novel imaging technique for assessing turbulence strength based on the color fluctuations of remote targets. Their chromatic changes, due to color mixing produced by the atmospheric optical turbulence, is characterized. We take advantage of a RGB Fourier transform-based color space to analyze the chromatic information on target images; then, through a model of primary color overlays, a chromatic shift measure is defined by the statistical dispersion of pixel colors. It is shown that such color changes can be related to the strength of refractive index fluctuations defined by the structure constant, Cn2 .
Vortex creep and the internal temperature of neutron stars : timing noise in pulsars.

Vortex creep theory is used to construct model noise power spectra for three physically distinct types of events which might give rise to pulsar timing noise. These are pure events, in which vortex unpinning is the source of the initial frequency jump; mixed events, in which the initial frequency jump is produced by some physical process other than vortex unpinning but leads to the unpinning of some vortices; and external events, in which the initial frequency jumps responsible for noise do not involve any vortex unpinning. For the first two types of events, it is found that relaxation processes in the region responsible for the noise will give rise to structure in the observed power spectra, while for external events, the resulting noise spectra will not be influenced by vortex creep. The theoretical results are compared with observed power spectra for 25 pulsars. The absence of structure in the observed power spectra of the Crab and Vela pulsars within the range of time scales which characterize their postglitch behavior indicates that the pinning regions which play a role in postglitch behavior do not experience the small unpinning events leading to timing noise. 24 references.
Spectral properties of certain stiff problems in elasticity and acoustics

We consider two vibration problems containing a small parameter 0: a) Vibration of an elastic, slightly compressible body, and b) acoustic vibration of a slightly viscous compressible barotropic fluid in a vessel. The asymptotics of eigenvalues for problem a) is studied by using a uniformly convergent expansion of the stiff type. After a re-scaling of the spectral parameter, the problem b) reduces to an analogous problem, and we prove that, as e 0, infinitely many eigenvalues converge to 0 (which is an eigenvalue of infinite multiplicity of the corresponding inviscid acoustic problem).
Energy-band dynamics in a current-biased Josephson junction probed by incoherent Cooper-pair tunneling

We analyze how the dynamics in a current-biased mesoscopic Josephson junction can be probed by an additional smaller Josephson junction (probe). The probe is connected to a small island in between the Josephson junction and a resistor R >> RQ = h/4e2. The current through the resistor results in an effective current bias to the larger JJ. We model the steady state properties of the system under thermal and quantum fluctuations of the feed current. We use a density matrix approach based on the Born-Markov equations treating the current fluctuations perturbatively. The probe is also treated perturbatively assuming the regime of incoherent Cooper-pair tunneling. We find that the I - V characteristics across the probe shows traces of energy bands, Bloch oscillations and Zener tunneling in the current-biased Josephson junction.
Get Out or Get Down: Rival Options in a Declining Market

We formulate a multi-factor real option duopoly game model to determine the optimal times to divest the incumbent technology or to switch to a new smaller-scale and lower operating cost technology, with an uncertain output price, and declining output. The formulation takes two alternative forms: (i) the divest and switch options are treated separately (separate) and (ii) the two options are mutually-exclusive (joint). Although the first-mover has a salvage value advantage, the second-mover has a temporary market share advantage. The alternative forms yield significantly different outcomes: the thresholds are all lower under the separate formulation, and hysteresis is greater. When getting out (divest) or getting down, watch the competition and sometimes consider the options jointly.
Nonvolatile Flash Memory Devices Using CeO2 Nanocrystal Trapping Layer for Two-Bit per Cell Applications

In this study, we demonstrated the characteristics of nonvolatile silicon oxide nitride oxide silicon (SONOS)-type memories using cerium oxide (CeO2) nanocrystals as a charge storage agent. We observed that the shape of the formed CeO2 nanocrystals is nearly spherical and that their size is almost similar identical to their high density of 5×1011 cm-2. Such CeO2 nanocrystals were formed by depositing a thin CeO2 film of ca. 2–3 nm thickness using an evaporater gun system and then rapid thermal annealing (RTA) in O2 ambient at 900 °C for 1 min. The fabricated memory devices show good electrical properties in terms of a sufficiently large memory window (>2 V), program/erase (P/E) speed (0.1/1 ms), retention time up to 104 s with only 5% charge loss, and endurance after 105 cycles with small memory window narrowing and two-bit operation. These properties suggest that the nonvolatile SONOS-type memories with the CeO2 nanocrystal trapping agent can be applied in future flash memories.
Study on Information Quality of Online Shopping Reviews

Online shopping reviews allow the buyers to exchange reviews and experiences for all to see. It has important value in rising sales and retaining customers for e-commerce platforms and the venders to estimate reviews’ information quality. Focus on the incidence relation between online reviews and sales volume, this study collects shopping reviews from eight stores on Taobao and the sales volume of each store, so as to develop an indicator configuration of influencing factors for online reviews. The study takes regression analysis to identify the causation between indicators and sales volume by R language, then determines the indicator weight by AHP method. The maturity evaluation value is determined by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method (FCE). By comparing two venders’ maturity value, the results show that there is a positive relationship between online reviews quality and sales volume. That is, the higher the maturity score of online reviews quality, the higher the sales volume.
Adaptive optics loop for en-face optical coherence tomography and laser scanning confocal microscopy

The capabilities of a novel deformable mirror and wave-front sensor combination to correct aberrations in microscopy are analyzed. The deformable mirror, (Mirao52-D, Imagine Eyes) is incorporated with a Shack-Hartmann sensor (HASO, Imagine Optic) within a complex imaging system able to produce simultaneous en-face Optical Coherence Tomography and Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy images as well as B-scan OCT images. A large angle imaging along one of the scanning directions is demonstrated using the AO loop to correct for the interface optics aberration. The image is split into three panels, and each panel is imaged using its own set of corrections. The three images are subsequently collaged into a final image and preliminary promising results are presented.
Effect of Zr addition on ZnSnO thin-film transistors using a solution process

Thin-film transistors (TFTs) with a ZrZnSnO (ZZTO) channel layer were fabricated using a solution process. As-prepared ZnSnO (ZTO) TFTs had a large off-current. However, as the content of Zr ions increased in ZTO, the threshold voltage shifted, and the off-current in the TFTs decreased. Because Zr has a lower standard electrode potential, it is more readily oxidized than Sn or Zn. Thus, Zr acted as an effective carrier suppressor in the ZTO system and a ZZTO TFT with a high mobility of a 4.02 cm2 V−1 s−1 and a large on/off ratio of over 106 was achieved.
Nano-Structuration of WO3 Nanoleaves by Localized Hydrolysis of an Organometallic Zn Precursor: Application to Photocatalytic NO2 Abatement

WO3 is a known photocatalytic metal oxide frequently studied for its depollution properties. However, it suffers from a high recombination rate of the photogenerated electron/holes pair that is detrimental to its performance. In this paper, we present a new chemical method to decorate WO3 nanoleaves (NLs) with a complementary metal oxide (ZnWO4) in order to improve the photocatalytic performance of the composite material for the abatement of 400 ppb NO2 under mild UV exposure. Our strategy was to synthesize WO3·2H2O nanoleaves, then, to expose them, in water-free organic solution, to an organometallic precursor of Zn(Cy)2. A structural water molecule from WO3·2H2O spontaneously decomposes Zn(Cy)2 and induces the formation of the ZnO@WO3·H2O nanocomposite. The material was characterized by electronic microscopy (SEM, TEM), TGA, XRD, Raman and solid NMR spectroscopies. A simple thermal treatment under air at 500 °C affords the ZnWO4@WO3 nanocomposite. The resulting material, additionally decorated with 1% wt. Au, presents a remarkable increase (+166%) in the photocatalytic abatement of NO2 under UV compared to the pristine WO3 NLs. This synthesis method paves the way to the versatile preparation of a wide range of MOx@WO3 nanocomposites (MOx = metal oxide).
Approximation of Light-Ray Deflection Angle and Gravitational Lenses in the Schwarzschild Metric. I. Derivation and Quasar Lens

We calculate a second-order approximation for the light-ray deflection in a Schwarzschild metric. The approximation is based on Darwin's exact solution for the deflection angle, which is written in terms of elliptic integrals. Even if the derived equation is almost as simple as the usual Einstein deflection angle, it follows the Darwin solution more faithfully. This enables relatively simple calculations of gravitational lensing in axially symmetric conditions with a small value of the impact parameter b. We demonstrate the effects of second-order accuracy by modeling the lensed quasar QSO B0957+561A, B. Our simple toy model leads to a 4% difference in mass estimate for the deflector, when comparing the Einstein solution with the approximation. The naive point mass model is certainly inadequate when modeling a realistic quasar lens, but it demonstrates clearly the effects of the second-order accuracy and could, nevertheless, be used for some supermassive black hole models.
The Theory of Steady Forces Caused by Sound Waves

A general expression is derived for the force owing to radiation pressure acting on an object of any shape and having an arbitrary normal boundary impedance. It is shown that boundary layer losses may lead to forces that are several orders of magnitude greater than the forces owing to classical radiation pressure. Steady forces arising from an asymmetric wave form are compared with the other forces. A sound wave, consisting of equal parts of fundamental and second harmonic components, can cause forces ten or more orders of magnitude greater than the forces owing to radiation pressure to be exerted on small particles.
Quasielastic neutron scattering study of water confined in carbon nanopores

Microscopic dynamics of water confined in nanometer and sub-nanometer pores of carbide-derived carbon (CDC) were investigated using quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS). The temperature dependence of the average relaxation time, ⟨τ⟩, exhibits super-Arrhenius behavior that could be described by Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann (VFT) law in the range from 250 K to 190 K; below this temperature, ⟨τ⟩ follows Arrhenius temperature dependence. The temperature of the dynamic crossover between the two regimes in water confined in the CDC pores is similar to that observed for water in hydrophobic confinement of the larger size, such as 14 Å ordered mesoporous carbon (CMK) and 16 Å double-wall carbon nanotubes. Thus, the dynamical behavior of water remains qualitatively unchanged even in the very small hydrophobic pores.
A new stator-flux orientation strategy for flux-switching permanent magnet motor based on current-hysteresis control

A stator-flux orientation strategy based on current hysteresis for the flux-switching permanent magnet (FSPM) motor is proposed, in which the stator-PM FSPM motor is considered as a conventional rotor-PM surface-mounted motor and an equivalent rotor-orientated dq-axes synchronous reference frame is built although there are actually no rotary magnetic motive force produced by the stator magnets in the FSPM motor. Based on the proposed model, a vector-control strategy with current hysteresis for the FSPM motor drive is investigated and implemented on a dSPACE-based platform, and both the simulated and experimental results validate the effectiveness. It should be emphasized that the proposed stator-flux orientation strategy can be applied to other stator-PM machines (including doubly salient and flux-reversal PM machines) and other control methods (including space-vector pulsed-width-modification and direct torque control).
Construction of Optimal Membership Functions for a Fuzzy Routing Scheme in Opportunistic Mobile Networks

This article proposes FRIMF, a fuzzy routing scheme for opportunistic mobile networks (OMNs). In FRIMF, we exploit the pairwise intercontact times to evaluate the connection strength between two nodes. Instead of assuming a random movement model, in the present case we consider node contact processes in OMNs as bursty events. Consequently, we introduce a burstiness parameter to characterize the variability in the dynamics of pairwise interactions. This variance metric, along with the statistical mean of pairwise intercontact times, is used to define a single FRIMF routing metric called closeness through a fuzzy inference system. This reflects the tie strength of the pair nodes. To improve the transmission environment, we further propose a method to develop optimal membership functions for the FRIMF’s fuzzy parameters based on the contact information. Particularly, we leverage the membership function elicitation techniques commonly used in collective opinion aggregations based on a direct rating process to establish the relevancy between vagueness estimates of the routing parameters and statistical distributions of the pairwise intercontact times in a way that eventually presents asymmetric triangular fuzzy numbers. In turn, these TFNs are used to properly define the fuzzy sets of the FRIMF’s parameters. Through simulations in the real human mobility environments, we show that FRIMF utilizing the enhanced asymmetric TFNs can outperform that using the typical symmetric TFNs developed based on our subjective preferences. Lastly, comparing with several algorithm benchmarks, we confirm the efficiency of FRIMF in transmission cost and delay.