Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neuroprotective and Anti-Neuroinflammatory Properties of Vignae Radiatae Semen in Neuronal HT22 and Microglial BV2 Cell Lines

The important factors in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders include oxidative stress and neuron-glia system inflammation. Vignae Radiatae Semen (VRS) exhibits antihypertensive, anticancer, anti-melanogenesis, hepatoprotective, and immunomodulatory properties. However, the neuroprotective effects and anti-neuroinflammatory activities of VRS ethanol extract (VRSE) remained unknown. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities of VRSE against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced neuronal cell death in mouse hippocampal HT22 cells and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglial activation, respectively. This study revealed that VRSE pretreatment had significantly prevented H2O2-induced neuronal cell death and attenuated reactive oxygen species generations in HT22 cells. Additionally, VRSE attenuated the apoptosis protein expression while increasing the anti-apoptotic protein expression. Further, VRSE showed significant inhibitory effects on LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines in BV2 microglia. Moreover, VRSE pretreatment significantly activated the tropomyosin-related kinase receptor B/cAMP response element-binding protein, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, and heme oxygenase-1 signaling pathways in HT22 cells exposed to H2O2 and inhibited the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-κB mechanism in BV2 cells stimulated with LPS. Therefore, VRSE exerts therapeutic potential against neurodegenerative diseases related to oxidative stress and pathological inflammatory responses.
After-Effects of Hydrochar Amendment on Water Spinach Production, N Leaching, and N2O Emission from a Vegetable Soil under Varying N-Inputs

Biochar use in agriculture brings significant agronomic and environmental co-benefits, which are a function of biochar and crop types and nitrogen (N) rates. We here conducted a soil column experiment to evaluate the after-effects of hydrochar amendment at 0.5 and 2.0 wt% on vegetable production, N recovery and losses via leaching and nitrous oxide (N2O) emission from water-spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk)-planted vegetable soil receiving three N inputs (120, 160, and 200 kg/ha). The results showed that hydrochar with 2.0 wt% significantly (p < 0.05) improved the biomass yield of water spinach, receiving 120–160 kg N/ha by 11.6–14.2%, compared with no change in the hydrochar treatment. Hydrochar had no effect on total N content of water spinach, and only increased the total N recovery under 2.0 wt% given hydrochar amended treatment with 120 kg N/ha. Neither pH or EC of leachate was changed with N reduction or hydrochar application. However, in some cases, hydrochar changes the NH4+, NO3− and total N concentrations in leachate. When applied at 2.0 wt%, hydrochar significantly (p < 0.05) increased total N leaching losses by 28.9% and 57.1%, under 120 and 160 kg N/ha plot, respectively. Hydrochar applied at two rates increased the N2O emissions by 109–133% under 200 kg N/ha but decreased them by 46–67% under 160 kg N/ha. Therefore, after three years of application, hydrochar still improves the production of leafy vegetable, but the impacts on N leaching and N2O emission vary, depending on inorganic N and hydrochar application rates.
Pressure dependence of the dielectric and lattice-dynamical properties of GaN and AlN

We present ab initio calculations of the structural, dielectric, and lattice-dynamical properties of zinc-blende and wurtzite GaN and AlN under hydrostatic pressure, based on a plane-wave pseudopotential method within the density-functional theory. The calculated volume dependence is related to pressure by means of the Vinet equation of state. A linear-response approach to the density-functional theory is used to derive Born effective charges, dielectric constants, and phonon frequencies. The static ionicities, the dynamic charges, and the dielectric constants are found to decrease with pressure, whereas the phonon frequencies show an increasing longitudinal-transverse splitting. The softening behavior of the low-frequency ${E}_{2}$ mode and of the corresponding TA(L) mode is related to strengths of the covalent and ionic forces. Our results are in agreement with recent Raman measurements.
La traduction littéraire automatique : Adapter la machine à la traduction humaine individualisée

La traduction automatique neuronale et son adaptation à des domaines spécifiques par le biais de corpus spécialisés ont permis à cette technologie d’intégrer bien plus largement qu’auparavant le métier et la formation des traducteur·trice·s. Si le paradigme neuronal (et le deep learning de manière générale) a ainsi pu investir des domaines parfois insoupçonnés, y compris certains où la créativité est de mise, celui-ci est moins marqué par un gain phénoménal de performance que par une utilisation massive auprès du public et les débats qu’il génère, nombre d’entre eux invoquant couramment le cas littéraire pour (in)valider telle ou telle observation. Pour apprécier la pertinence de cette technologie, et ce faisant surmonter les discours souvent passionnés des opposants et partisans de la traduction automatique, il est toutefois nécessaire de mettre l’outil à l’épreuve, afin de fournir un exemple concret de ce que pourrait produire un système entraîné spécifiquement pour la traduction d’œuvres littéraires. Inscrit dans un projet de recherche plus vaste visant à évaluer l’aide que peuvent fournir les outils informatiques aux traducteurs et traductrices littéraires, cet article propose par conséquent une expérience de traduction automatique de la prose qui n’a plus été tentée pour le français depuis les systèmes probabilistes et qui rejoint un nombre croissant d’études sur le sujet pour d’autres paires de langues. Nous verrons que si les résultats sont encourageants, ceux-ci laissent présager une tout autre manière d’envisager la traduction automatique, plus proche de la traduction humaine assistée par ordinateur que de la post-édition pure, et que l’exemple des œuvres de littérature soulève en outre des réflexions utiles pour la traduction dans son ensemble.
Assessment of the RNA Silencing Suppressor Activity of Protein P0 of Pepper Vein Yellows Virus 5: Uncovering Natural Variability, Relevant Motifs and Underlying Mechanism

Simple Summary Viruses must face their host’s antiviral defenses during the infection process. In plants, one of the main antiviral mechanisms is based on RNA silencing, which ultimately leads to the degradation of viral RNA. To cope with this host’s strategy, plant viruses encode proteins that act as suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs). These proteins are structurally diverse and may differ in their mode of action. Due to their essential role for viral fitness, VSRs are appealing targets for virus control. In this study, we provide significant information on the structural and functional properties of the VSR encoded by Pepper vein yellows virus 5, a pathogen belonging to a group of emergent and closely related poleroviruses that threaten pepper cultivation worldwide. This virus caused an outbreak nine years ago in Spain and we also present data showing that the virus is still present in the country. Abstract Pepper vein yellows virus 5 (PeVYV-5) belongs to a group of emerging poleroviruses (family Solemoviridae) which pose a risk to pepper cultivation worldwide. Since its first detection in Spain in 2013 and the determination of the complete genome sequence of an isolate in 2018, little is known on the presence, genomic variation and molecular properties of this pathogen. As other members of genus Polerovirus, PeVYV-5 encodes a P0 protein that was predicted to act as viral suppressor of RNA silencing (VSR), one of the major antiviral defense mechanisms in plants. The results of the present work have indicated that PeVYV-5 P0 is a potent VSR, which is able to induce the degradation of Argonaute (AGO) endonucleases, the main effectors of RNA silencing. New viral isolates have been identified in samples collected in 2020–2021 and sequencing of their P0 gene has revealed limited heterogeneity, suggesting that the protein is under negative selection. Analysis of natural and engineered P0 variants has pinpointed distinct protein motifs as critical for the VSR role. Moreover, a positive correlation between the VSR activity of the protein and its capability to promote AGO degradation could be established, supporting that such activity essentially relies on the clearance of core components of the RNA silencing machinery.
Semi-Continuous Aerosol Measurement for Visibility Variation Using an External Beam PIXE Method

This study introduces the application of a semi-continuous monitoring and analytic technique to examine the elemental composition for a visibility-impairing aerosol. Semi-continuous measurements of the chemical composition for visibility-impairing aerosol were made during the spring period of 19 30 May 2007 in the urban area of Seoul, Korea. These included measurements of the aerosol elemental composition by a proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) method, of the aerosol ionic composition by ion chromatography (IC) method and of the aerosol carbonaceous composition by a thermal optical transmittance (TOT) method. Light extinction, scattering and absorption coe cients were measured simultaneously with a transmissometer, a nephelometer and an aethalometer, respectively. The average light extinction coe cient and visual range were measured to be 343 186 Mm 1 and 11.8 4.2 km, respectively, during the intensive monitoring period. The average mass concentrations of PM1:0, PM2:5 and PM10 were measured to be 24.0 13.4, 44.6 30.6 and 77.0 56.1 g m 3 and the correlation coe cient r2 of submicron and ne particles to bext were calculated to be relatively higher values of 0.7835 and 0.7824, respectively. However, the value of r2 for coarse particles was a low value of 0.1261. The results revealed that visibility impairment in the urban atmosphere of Seoul was a ected by ne particles, including submicron particles, rather than coarse particles. On a clear day and a hazy day, the mass concentration of mineral dust was not sensitive to variations in bext. On an Asian dust event day, visibility degradation was dominantly caused by increases in the SO2 4 and the NO 3 components between 12:00 and 14:00, during which time they combined with a large loading of mineral dust caused severely reduced visibility. The ability to observe rapid changes in the aerosol composition using semi-continuous aerosol measurements and the PIXE method was helpful in understanding the diurnal variation of visibility.
Genomic Diversity and Chromosomal Rearrangements in Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis

Chromosomal rearrangements in N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis were studied with the determination of mobile elements and their role in rearrangements. The results of whole-genome sequencing and de novo genome assembly for 50 N. gonorrhoeae isolates collected in Russia were compared with 96 genomes of N. gonorrhoeae and 138 genomes of N. meningitidis from the databases. Rearrangement events with the determination of the coordinates of syntenic blocks were analyzed using the SibeliaZ software v.1. 2.5, the minimum number of events that allow one genome to pass into another was calculated using the DCJ–indel model using the UniMoG program v.1. 0. Population-level analysis revealed a stronger correlation between changes in the gene order and phylogenetic proximity for N. meningitidis in contrast to N. gonorrhoeae. Mobile elements were identified, including Correa elements; Spencer-Smith elements (in N. gonorrhoeae); Neisserial intergenic mosaic elements; IS elements of IS5, IS30, IS110, IS1595 groups; Nf1–Nf3 prophages; NgoФ1–NgoФ9 prophages; and Mu-like prophages Pnm1, Pnm2, MuMenB (in N. meningitidis). More than 44% of the observed rearrangements most likely occurred with the participation of mobile elements, including prophages. No differences were found between the Russian and global N. gonorrhoeae population both in terms of rearrangement events and in the number of transposable elements in genomes.
An automatic method to estimate the time-based parameters of the glottal pulseform

A method of automatically extracting the time-based parameters (the fundamental period, the open quotient, the speed quotient, and the closing quotient) of the glottal waveform is presented. The only input that is needed in the analysis is the acoustical speech signal. In the first stage of the method an estimate for the glottal excitation is computed using iterative adaptive inverse filtering (IAIF). The extraction of the time-based parameters is then computed by using both the obtained glottal flow and its derivative. The method was tested with synthetic and natural speech of three different phonation types. The results show that the method gives good estimates for the time-based parameters of the glottal flow except for the analysis of speech that is produced using high fundamental frequency and pressed phonation. <<ETX>>
In Vitro Activity of Single and Combined Antibiotics against Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Clinical Isolates in Relation to their Resistance Genes

Background: Mortality due to infection with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) is reported globally and carbapenemase production is the main mechanism of resistance in these isolates. The detection and treatment of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) is a major challenge in health care facilities. Objectives: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the in-vitro effect of different single and combined antibiotic agents against CRE clinical isolates. Methodology: Fifty CRE isolates were detected using disk diffusion test as a screening test. Species identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using Vitek 2 system. Carbapenemase enzyme production was confirmed by Carba NP test. Multiplex PCR was done to detect carbapenem resistance genes. Antibiotics were tested in the form of single agents (colistin and tigecycline) and combined (tigecycline/ colistin, doripenem/ colistin and dual carbapenem therapy (ertapenem and doripenem) against CRE isolates using E-test method. Results: Most of the CRE isolates were K. pneumoniae, 68%, followed by E. coli, 22%, S. marcescens, 4%, E. cloacae, 4% and C. freundii, 2%. CPE was confirmed in 46 isolates by multiplex PCR; blaNDM-like was the main carbapenem resistance gene in (84%) of the isolates, followed by blaOXA-48-like (6%) and blaKPC-like (2%). Carba NP test detected 90% of CPE isolates. Single use of colistin and tigecycline showed 100% sensitivity against all tested CRE isolates except in blaNDM-like (83%). Combination of colistin/tigecycline showed synergetic activity in 18% of CRE that was correlated to their carbapenemase R genes showing a significant increase in blaOXA-48-like and blaKPC-like positive isolates (100%) compared to blaNDM-like (7%). Other combinations showed indifferent effect whereas antagonism was not detected in any of the tested combinations. Conclusions: blaNDM-like is the main carbapenemase-producing gene detected among our CPE isolates followed by blaOXA-48-like. Colistin and tigecycline are still effective when used as single agents, and may offer effective treatment options when used in combination for CRE infections. Characterization of carbapenemases is crucial in determining treatment options. There is urgent demand for the development of novel therapeutic agents against NDM-producing CPE isolates.
The Cosmological constant problem

Observational evidence seems to indicate that the expansion of the universe is currently accelerating. Such an acceleration strongly suggests that the content of the universe is dominated by a non-clustered form of matter, the so-called dark energy. The cosmological constant, introduced by Einstein to reconcile General Relativity with a closed and static Universe, is the most likely candidate for dark energy although other options such as a weakly interacting field, also known as quintessence, have been proposed. The fact that the dark energy density is some one hundred and twenty orders of magnitude lower than the energy scales present in the early universe constitutes the cosmological constant problem. We review various aspects of the cosmological constant problem and some interesting scenarios using supersymmetry or extra-dimensions attempting to solve one of the most puzzling issues in physics.
Non-Hermitian physics in magnetic systems

Non-Hermitian Hamiltonians provide an alternative perspective on the dynamics of quantum and classical systems coupled non-conservatively to an environment. Once primarily an interest of mathematical physicists, the theory of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians has solidified and expanded to describe various physically observable phenomena in optical, photonic, and condensed matter systems. Self-consistent descriptions of quantum mechanics based on non-Hermitian Hamiltonians have been developed and continue to be refined. In particular, non-Hermitian frameworks to describe magnonic and hybrid magnonic systems have gained popularity and utility in recent years with new insights into the magnon topology, transport properties, and phase transitions coming into view. Magnonic systems are in many ways a natural platform in which to realize non-Hermitian physics because they are always coupled to a surrounding environment and exhibit lossy dynamics. In this Perspective, we review recent progress in non-Hermitian frameworks to describe magnonic and hybrid magnonic systems, such as cavity magnonic systems and magnon–qubit coupling schemes. We discuss progress in understanding the dynamics of inherently lossy magnetic systems as well as systems with gain induced by externally applied spin currents. We enumerate phenomena observed in both purely magnonic and hybrid magnonic systems which can be understood through the lens of non-Hermitian physics, such as [Formula: see text] and anti-[Formula: see text]-symmetry breaking, dynamical magnetic phase transitions, non-Hermitian skin effect, and the realization of exceptional points and surfaces. Finally, we comment on some open problems in the field and discuss areas for further exploration.
Manipulation of Majorana fermions by point-like gate voltage in the Vortex state of a topological superconductor

A vortex in a topological superconductor induces two Majorana fermions (MFs), one in the core and the other at the sample edge. Here we demonstrate that edge MFs can be transported and braided by turning gate voltages on and off at the point-like constriction junctions between samples. The controllable high mobility of edge MFs is due to the topological property, namely an edge MF appears when the sample perimeter includes odd vorticity, and disappears for even vorticity. As shown explicitly by solving the time-dependent Bogoliubov-de Gennes equation, disturbance to the quantum coherence of MFs during braiding is negligibly small in this scheme due to the point-like application of the gate voltage. The present work bridges for the first time the fundamental topological features of edge MFs and their adiabatic dynamics which is important for performing topological quantum computation.
The distribution and consumption rate of stars around a massive, collapsed object

We consider the steady-state distribution and consumption rate of stars orbiting a massive object at the center of a spherical, N-body stellar system. The distribution of stars is determined by the consumption of low angular momentum stars which pass within a small distance r/sub t/ of the central mass M and by the relaxation processes associated with gravitational stellar encounters. Our method employs an approximate, analytic analysis of the two-dimensional Fokker--Planck equation describing diffusion in energy E and angular momentum J. The basic results are the following: (1) Consumption of low angular momentum stars which have entered the ''loss-cone'' J > greater than or equal to r/sub t/, at which the root mean square angular momentum transferred to a star via stellar encounters in one orbital period equals J/sub min/. (2) The total consumption rate of stars by M is roughly the number of stars inside r/sub crit/ divided by the relaxation time at r/sub crit/. (3) A self-consistent solution can be found in which the distribution of stars is almost isotropic for high-J stars and varies only more » logarithmically with J for low-J stars. (4) The density of core stars has the following form: n(r) approx. =n (r/sub a/)(1+(r/sub a//r)/sup l/), wher the accretion radius r/sub a/ approx. GM/ >> r/sub t/, is the mean-squared velocity dispersion in the core outside r/sub a/, and l decreases slowly from approx. 1.75 at >> r/sub crit/ to approx. 1.60 at r approx. 10r/sub t/. Neglect of loss-cone effects gives a consumption rate too small by roughly the ratio r/sub t//r/sub crit/ and a constant exponent l = 1.75 for >> r/sub t/. These results are applied to massive black holes at the centers of globular clusters and galactic nuclei. (AIP) « less
Correlation of Lower Limb Muscle Activity with Knee Joint Kinematics and Kinetics during Badminton Landing Tasks

A study on a single-leg landing task after an overhead stroke in badminton suggests that poor knee biomechanical indicators may be a risk factor for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. A preventive program targeting neuromuscular control strategies is said to alter the biomechanics of the knee joint and have a beneficial effect on reducing ACL injury. However, the relationship between muscle activity around the knee joint and knee biomechanical risk factors in the badminton landing task is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between this movement pattern of muscle activity and knee kinematics and kinetics. This experiment analyzed knee muscle activity and biomechanical information in a sample of 34 badminton players (17 male, 17 female) during a badminton landing task. We assessed the relationship between the rectus femoris (RF), medial hamstring (MHAM), lateral hamstring (LHAM), medial gastrocnemius (MGAS), lateral gastrocnemius (LGAS), medial and lateral hamstring to quadriceps co-contraction ratio (MH/Q and LH/Q) with the knee flexion angle, valgus angle, extension moment, valgus moment, and proximal tibial anterior shear force. A moderate negative correlation was found between the peak knee flexion angle and electromyography (EMG) activity in LGAS (r = 0.47, p = 0.0046, R2 = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.16 to 0.70). Peak proximal tibial shear force showed strong and positive correlations with RF EMG activity (r = 0.52, p = 0.0016, R2 = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.22 to 0.73) and strong and negative correlations with MH/Q (r = 0.50, p = 0.0023, R2 = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.20 to 0.72). The knee extension moment showed moderate and positive correlations with RF EMG activity (r = 0.48, p = 0.0042, R2 = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.17 to 0.70) and strong and negative correlations with MH/Q (r = 0.57, p = 0.0004, R2 = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.29 to 0.76). The peak knee valgus moment showed strong and positive correlations with LH/Q (r = 0.55, p = 0.0007, R2 = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.26 to 0.75). Our findings suggest that there is a correlation between lower extremity muscle activity and knee kinematics and kinetics during the single-leg landing task in badminton; therefore, lower extremity muscle activity should be considered when developing rehabilitation or injury prevention programs.