Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using Ontology for Revealing Authorship Attribution of Arabic Text

Authorship attribution analysis is a research field that assigns an author to an unknown text based on writing features. These features reflect the author’s gender, age, religion, education, job, motivation or ideology. It has several types of features such as character, lexical, Syntactic, Structural and Semantic. This research proposed using Arabic ontology as a semantic feature in authorship attribution through a proposed new model. In the Islamic society, there is a problem in detecting unknown fatwa to specific jurisprudence doctrine so this research proposed a new model for detecting unknown fatwa to specific jurisprudence doctrine. This model depends on a new corpus which is manually collected and annotated fatwas from books of Islamic jurisprudence doctrines. This corpus is called ElWafaa LlFokahaa. It includes the fatwas of traveller's prayer for main Islamic doctrines (Hanfi, Shafie, Malki, and Hanbali). The proposed model used Arabic ontology for traveller's prayer in each Islamic doctrine which is established with protégé framework. It is divided into a training set in 70% of fatwas (known fatwas the owing Islamic jurisprudence doctrines) and 30% testing set (unknown fatwas of Islamic jurisprudence doctrines). For evaluating the proposed model, it is used the proposed evaluated method which is 90% with final experiments
A Paint Program for the Graphic Arts in Printing

There is considerable scope for the application of computer techniques to help the graphic designer working with printed products, provided that pictures of high technical quality result. Described here is the product of the first stage of a research programme aimed at providing computer assisted drawing aids for high quality colour pictures. The product is an interactive paint program. The paper first explains the nature of the application and the hardware available to the author. It then claims that transcription is central to the task of high quality painting. Next there is a description of the facilities available to the interactive user. Finally, a case study of the implementation of one particular command is used to illustrate the general design of the program and to illustrate why this results in a less rigid interaction than in conventional paint programs.
Modern Electric Vehicle Technology

1. Engineering Philosophy of EV Developments 2. EV and HEV Developments 3. EV Systems 4. HEV Systems 5. Electric Propulsion 6. Energy Sources 7. EV Auxiliaries 8. EV Simulation 9. EV Infrastructure 10. Energy, environment and economy
The articulatory characteristics of the palatals, palatalized velars and velars in Hakka Chinese

This paper presents the articulatory characteristics of the palatals, palatalized velar and velar consonants [c ] in Hakka Chinese, spoken in the city of Meixian in southeastern China. Palatograms and linguograms show that (i) [] are dorsal palatal; (ii) [] are posterodorsal velar; (iii) the effects of palatalization on [] and [] differ, with [] being slightly fronted, accompanied by extended lateral contact toward the front and with [] turning into a palatal nasal []; and (iv) the effect of a postconsonantal [i] on [] is that [] becomes ‘more palatal’.
Software Requirements Engineering Methodology (Development)

Abstract : This report documents the results of a one-year study of the front- end problems involved in the development of complex weapon systems and their embedded real-time software. Means to alleviate those problems through an integrated requirements engineering system supported by automated tools are proposed. The body of this report is organized into three parts. Part I is an Executive Summary which briefly outlines the purposes and accomplishments of the study. Part II explores the nature of weapon systems, requirements, front-end problem, characteristic activities and problems of front-end development phases, as well as candidate tools for addressing those problems. Part III presents formal mathematical foundations for front-end requirements engineering and design, and outlines a methodology that can be supported by a fully integrated set of tools.
Why Do Firms Change Fiscal Year-End?

Changing fiscal year-end (FYE) unequivocally impacts time-series consistency, yet firms appear to be willing to change it. Enhanced comparability with industry peers appears to be a significant driver of this change. Changing FYE to align with industry peers is associated with a significant increase in analyst coverage, the number of forecasts per analyst, and institutional ownership. Investors earn 0.28% higher return surrounding the public disclosure of such changes. Additionally, loss-making firms also appear more likely to change FYEs, ostensibly to dump losses in the less-than-12-month stub period created by the transition. Examining changes to and from December separately, I find that small firms are more likely to move to a non-December FYE, suggesting that accounting costs such as audit fees, employee overtime payment, and staff retention are a consideration in changing FYE.
Earth solids and dynamic nonlinear elasticity

The authors` intention is to describe several manifestations of nonlinear behavior in rock. Nonlinear response may manifest itself in a variety of manners, including a nonlinear stress-strain relation, nonlinear attenuation, harmonic generation, resonant peak shift and slow dynamics, all of which are related. The authors have ample evidence that the responsible mechanism for nonlinear response [to first order] is the presence of compliant features and the influence of fluid. They define compliant features as those features that are the weakest in the rock, e.g., grain-to-grain contacts, low aspect ratio cracks, joints, etc. In addition, there may be other mechanisms responsible as yet unidentified. In the following, the authors emphasize the robust nature of observations by illustrating several experimental examples. They do not review the related theoretical framework. Finally, they do not present nonlinear parameters derived from these experiments as the purpose in this paper is to illustrate rather than quantify nonlinear response.
Arabidopsis adaptor protein 1G2 is required for female and male gametogenesis

Background: The gametophyte s are essential for the productive process in angiosperms. During sexual reproduction in flowering plants, haploid spores are formed from meioses of spore mother cells. The spores then undergo mitosis and develop into female and male gametes and give rise to seeds after fertilization. Results: We identified a female sterile mutant from EMS mutagenesis, and a BC1F2 population was generated for map based cloning of the causal gene. Genome re-sequencing of mutant and non-mutant pools revealed a candidate gene, AP1G2 . Analyses of two insertions mutants, ap1g2-1 +/- in exon 7 and ap1g2-3 -/- in 3’ UTR, revealed partial female sterility. Complementation test using native promoter of AP1G2 restored the function in ap1g2-1 +/- and ap1g2-3 -/- . AP1G2 is a paralog of AP1G1 , encoding the large subunit (γ) of adaptor protein-1 (AP-1). ap1g2 mutation led to defective female and male gametophyte development was determined. In the ap1g2 mutants, the mitotic cycles and synchronic development of female gametophytes were impaired, which led to the arrest of female gametophytes at one nucleus stage FG1. Pollen development in ap1g2 was also arrested at one nucleus stage before PMI (pollen mitosis I). AP1G2 was expressed at high levels in different stages of ovule and pollens and actively dividing tissues, including shoot apical meristems, leaf primordial and root tips. Conclusions: AP1G2 was identified to have a role in the processes of female and male gametogenesis by regulating the first mitosis at one nucleus stage, and the expression pattern suggested AP1G2 is crucial for plant growth and development. Keywords: Arabidopsis, AP1G2 , megagametogenesis, microgametogenesis, development.
Feedback Estimators for Identifying Headway Distance and Velocity of Longitudinal Platooned Vehicles

A dynamic feedback system is developed for estimating the headway distance and velocity in a longitudinal three-vehicle platoon. The estimation system is modeled using a particle filter (PF) and an unscented Kalman filter (UKF) that estimate them by measuring the acceleration rate and/or velocity of probe vehicle(s) in the platoon. State equations are defined as a discrete conservation equation of headway distance and velocity, whereas the measurement equation is based on a conventional car-following model. The UKF and PF have the advantage of avoiding first-order approximation when implementing a filtering process to increase the estimation accuracy. Numerical analysis using artificial simulated data as well as real car-following data showed that the PF and UKF reduces the estimation errors in most cases compared to conventional approaches such as an extended Kalman filter (EKF) or neural Kalman filter (NKF). This was significant especially in the headway estimation, where the accuracy of the EKF estimates was low.
Proceedings of the 9th European software engineering conference held jointly with 11th ACM SIGSOFT international symposium on Foundations of software engineering

ESEC/FSE 2003 is the joint meeting of the 9th European Software Engineering Conference (ESEC) and of the 11th ACM SIGSOFT Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (FSE). This joint event takes place every two years in Europe, bringing together researchers and practitioners of software engineering to report on innovative research results and to exchange experiences related to both traditional and emerging areas in software development.This year in response to the call for papers, 168 papers, from 29 different countries, were submitted. The papers underwent a rigorous peer review process, with at least three members of the Program Committee reviewing each paper. During a two-day meeting held in Portland, Oregon, the Program Committee selected thirty-three full papers, as well as nine shorter papers to be presented as posters.The technical program is enriched by three invited talks that will provide deep insights along three research perspectives: inter-disciplinary research challenges, intra-disciplinary (i.e., software engineering) research problems and directions, and industrial exploitation of software engineering research results. Giuseppe Longo, from CNRS and the Departement d'Informatique Ecole Normale Suprieure in Paris, will talk about Information and Complexity in some natural phenomena, leading us through the intriguing and ambitious challenges of how to approach, as mathematicians and computer scientists, the inherently mutable and non-stationary nature of physical phenomena. Leon Osterweil, from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, recipient of this year ACM SIGSOFT Outstanding Research Award, starting from his own research experience in the area of process, will suggest the importance of using the challenge of grappling with hard technical problems as a basis for searching for deeper questions. Ari Jaaksi, from Nokia Mobile Phones, Helsinki, will present their experience in using a set of tools for executives to monitor the status of ongoing software projects.
Acceptability of adaptive e-learningsystem based on knowledge-level

Adaptive E-Learning (AEL) based on students' knowledge-level contributes many benefits to its users. The study on such system is vital as currently, most AEL only consider student's preferences, interest, and navigation behaviour when investigating student's behaviour for personalized services. Further, compared to previous studies on AEL system, user's acceptance towards this type of system, however, has not been assessed and understood thoroughly. In order to get more experience about the acceptance of AEL system that tailored learning content based on students' knowledge-level/ a survey consisting of 314 students have been conducted. Based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), this study proposed a conceptual model of AEL system acceptance. The result of regression analysis shows a positive indication on the acceptance of AEL system among students with adaptability feature within the system affect student's intention to use the system. The study provides insight into the usefulness of an AEL system based on students' knowledge-level and gives more intensive view of the AEL system users. It is an important step towards a better understanding of the user's intention on using the system in the future.
Early steps in neural induction

Neural induction is the instructive interaction whereby signals emitted from the organizer direct cells in the ectoderm to a neural fate and thereby to form the neural plate. Recent work in many labs has suggested that it involves a hierarchy of molecular events. Here, I investigate the earliest steps in the neural induction cascade and the signals that define them. Many genes expressed during the neural induction cascade have been shown to be regulated by FGF. However the signals that induce three of the genes, Bert, TrkC and Obelix, are unknown. I therefore tested candidate signalling molecules by misexpression analysis. While Obelix is also regulated by FGF, none of many factors tested, including FGF, retinoic acid, somatostatin, noggin, insulin, and increasing intracellular calcium were able to induce expression of TrkC or Bert. BMP also plays an important role in neural induction, I therefore studied how cells may integrate TGFβ signalling through Smad1 and Smad2. I used a BiFCo approach to investigate Smad protein binding interactions in culture and in vivo, however this did not turn out to be a useful method for this question. Finally I investigated the ground-state of the epiblast at the start of the neural induction cascade. Culture of early epiblast explants showed, unexpectedly, that cells initially enter a state similar to that of the neural plate border, confirmed by their subsequent differentiation into lens. This correlates with the finding that BMP signalling in vivo only affects cells of the neural plate border region and suggests why explants can be neuralized by BMP. Overall, the experiments reveal a hitherto unknown importance of a neural border cell-state, and suggest that lens is the ground state at the start of the neural induction cascade.
Change, resistance and coping: a study of first tier managers in further education

This thesis presents findings from a study of first tier managers (FTMs) in Further Education colleges, a role that has been largely neglected by the extant literature. The study investigated the role in four general FE colleges and adopted a case study approach, employing semi-structured interviews as the main research method. The findings suggest that the FTM role is extremely diverse and heterogeneous, elastic and poorly understood. Yet FTMs themselves enjoyed a high degree of autonomy in how they performed their roles. Within colleges, FTMs worked within a trialectic of students, team and organisation and could be identified in one of four positions defined here in terms of metaphors of faith: for fundamentalists, students were the priority; priests put their teams first; converts prioritised the organisation; martyrs attempted to meet the demands of all three elements of the trialectic and suffered the highest degree of home invasion by work. Within the resistant context of FE, FTMs found themselves the audience for a variety of forms of routine resistance by lecturers, from gossip and rumours to making out and withholding enthusiasm. However, as they were rarely the target of resistance, a number of FTMs colluded with their teams or turned a blind eye in the hope of continued cooperation; few were willing to challenge resistance. FTMs were also highly active in their own resistance, expressing principled dissent overtly to senior managers as well as manipulating data and even fiddling paperwork. Yet while change management within colleges appeared generally poor, resistance was not to change but to managerialism, surveillance and the culture of performativity. Despite the challenges of the role – the stress, the immediate gratification needs of senior managers and the fire-fighting – FTMs were found to be highly committed and highly motivated. Where the stress became too much, the articipants employed a range of coping strategies including non-compliant coping, strategies intended to resist stressors rather than manage them. Finally, a new approach to job design with FE is suggested, one that involves idiosyncratic deals, a process of negotiating roles that potentially meets the needs of both the organisation and the employee.
A Magnetic Frill Current Model for the Excitation of a Carbon Nano Tube (CNT) Dipole Antenna

This paper is discussing the excitation modelling of Carbon Nano Tube (CNT) dipole antennas. Like in a standard, perfectly conducting (PEC) dipole case, the well-known delta gap model is easy to use, but not accurate enough. Alternatively, a magnetic frill current model is proposed herein. The advantages of the frill model, over the delta gap are highlighted. (5 pages)
Impact of fixed and variable speed wind turbine systems on power system voltage stability enhancement

This paper investigates the effect of fixed speed and variable speed grid-connected wind generators on the voltage stability of a power system network. The wind generators considered are the squirrel cage induction generator (SCIG), which is fixed speed, the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) and the direct driven synchronous generator (DDSG) which are variable speed. Studies were conducted on a standard five machine, 14-bus system augmented by a radially connected wind power plant (WPP), which contains 215 wind turbine generators (WTG). The studies include examining the voltage magnitude, loading margin and voltage collapse of the system. These studies are conducted for the normal state as well as for line contingencies. It is found that large scale integration of WTG (direct drive synchronous generator) at the transmission level has the potential to improve the long term voltage stability of the grid by injecting reactive power. (9 pages)
High gain parametric processes in quasi-phase-matching proton-exchange lithium niobate waveguides

v Acknowledgments . vii List of tables. xiii List of figures. xv Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 1.1 Optical frequency conversion and parametric processes . 2 1.2 Quasi-phase-matching, periodic poling and synthesis of QPM gratings.4 1.3 Integrated high gain devices: reverse-proton-exchange lithium niobate waveguides and waveguide engineering.8 1.4 Parametric interaction of ultra-short pulses . 14 1.5 Previously unsolved problems and overview of this dissertation.16 Chapter 2: Theory and simulations of parametric processes and optical circuit components in lithium niobate waveguides . 19 2.1 Parametric processes in waveguides involving three waves.19 2.2 Theory for pulsed OPG in waveguides . 24 2.3 Theory for cascaded χ: χ processes.30 2.3. 1 Theory for the cascading of SHG and OPA.30 2.3. 2 Theory for cascaded OPG . 32 2.4 Parametric processes involving different waveguide modes . 37 2.5 Coupled mode theory and beam propagation method in waveguides . 39 2.6 Waveguide components for optical circuits: bends, directional couplers and asymmetric Y-junctions . 41 2.6. 1 Bends.41 2.6. 2 Directional couplers . 43 2.6. 3 Design and shape optimization of asymmetric Y-junctions . 44
Opportunities for Philippine small-scale forestry in carbon markets: Initial notes

This paper introduces a research project intended to evaluate the capacity of landowners in the Philippines to engage in small-scale carbon forestry projects and participate in international environmental markets, specifically through the clean development mechanism (CDM) or other similar schemes in regulated or voluntary markets. The paper discusses relevant policy mechanisms, presents a review of current literature, and then describes the structure of the research project that will be conducted in the study area of Leyte, the Philippines. The research project will apply a systems methodology which is explained in this introductory paper. The literature review provides initial assumptions that will be applied in this systems methodology.
Evaluating the impact of parody on the exploitation of copyright works: an empirical study of music video content on YouTube

The status of parody and related derivative works within the UK copyright framework lacks clarity and has been recommended for further policy study in two recent independent reviews: the Gowers Review of Intellectual Property in 2006 and the more recent Hargreaves Review of Intellectual Property and Growth published in 2011. This recent review highlights the dual importance of parodic works both as a form of cultural expression and as a potential source of innovation and growth. A key recommendation of Hargreaves is for the UK to introduce a new fair dealing copyright exception for parody. However, a shortage of empirical data renders policy intervention in this area difficult. The issue is complicated by the inherently creative nature of parody, ambiguity about its definition and the multiplicity of economic and legal approaches that may be applied. In December 2011, following an open call to tender, the UK Intellectual Property Office (IPO) commissioned research from the Media School and the Centre for Intellectual Property Policy and Management (CIPPM) at Bournemouth University to undertake research into the potential effects for rightsholders, creators and audiences of introducing a copyright exception for Parody in the UK. This document reports the key findings of the empirical study carried out by Dr. Kris Erickson and research assistants at Bournemouth University. The primary purpose of this research is to assess the potential for economic damage to rightsholders should an exception for parody be introduced. First, it provides an overview of the online video market, the field site, and the methodology used. A sample of 8299 user-generated music video parodies was identified relating to the top-100 charting music singles in the UK for the year 2011. The main body of the report discusses the empirical findings that emerge from the study
BEHAVIOURAL MODELLING OF SOCIAL ENGINEERING-BASED MALICIOUS SOFTWARE

Some of the most active threats in the wild today exploit weaknesses in the component with the largest attack surface area in the end-to-end operation of a computer: the user. Malicious software such as Sober, Netsky, Bagle and Mywife can take control of a computer not because of any software bug or vulnerability, but because they somehow lure the user to execute them, usually by running an attachment of an email. This paper will provide examples of poignant social engineering ‘exploits’ over the past few years and attempt to construct a model, using telemetry from Microsoft’s Windows Malicious Software Removal Tool, that can predict the prevalence of a specific social engineering threat based on its characteristics and appeal to the user.
Demand management and water efficiency

Water efficiency advanced in the 1990s The 1990s brought major advances in water efficiency technologies, practices, programs, and research. Progressive water utilities in Boston, Mass. ; New York, N.Y. ; and Albuquerque, N.M. , reduced their total water demand by more than 20 percent in a matter of years. Albuquerque has cut total water use by 24 percent since 1995 and is working toward a 30 percent reduction by 2005.