Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Absorbing Knowledge in the Digital Age: The Key Role of Integration Mechanisms in the Context of Crowdsourcing for Innovation

The digital age offers unprecedented opportunities for firms to access new knowledge for innovation. Both academics and managers have identified crowdsourcing (CS) as one relevant way to do so. CS for innovation involves outsourcing problem-solving or creative tasks to the crowd. To benefit from CS, absorptive capacity (ACAP) is critical; this can be enhanced by prior knowledge and past experience with a partner. However, in the CS con-text, firms open themselves up to undefined, anonymous partners through the Internet, hence the development of ACAP becomes more difficult. The literature on ACAP describes how internal integration mechanisms encourage the absorption of knowledge but fails to clearly address the way in which uncommon knowledge is integrated. Although literature has acknowledged the beneficial role of a wider spectrum of influential internal and external mechanisms on uncommon knowledge, few empirical studies have addressed the distinctive effect of these mechanisms on the absorption of anonymous partners’ knowledge. To fill this gap, this study identifies relevant integration mechanisms and how they impact upon different ACAP dimensions in the CS context. Five case studies reveal the distinctive influence of integration mechanisms depending on the nature of the CS activity. Our results extend research on ACAP in the little studied digital open context, investigating the absorption of uncommon knowledge from unidentified partners. From a managerial perspective, this study shows that managers need to pay attention to integration mechanisms in order to support the absorption of knowledge from the crowd. More precisely, our study suggests that the main focus should not be on external mechanisms, but also on internal mechanisms. Finally, we open up a new theoretical debate on how these mechanisms should be combined.
BC high-/spl kappa//metal gate Ge/C alloy pMOSFETs fabricated directly on Si (100) substrates

Buried-channel (BC) high-/spl kappa//metal gate pMOSFETs were fabricated on Ge/sub 1-x/C/sub x/ layers for the first time. Ge/sub 1-x/C/sub x/ was grown directly on Si (100) by ultrahigh-vacuum chemical vapor deposition using methylgermane (CH/sub 3/GeH/sub 3/) and germane (GeH/sub 4/) precursors at 450/spl deg/C and 5 mtorr. High-quality films were achieved with a very low root-mean-square roughness of 3 /spl Aring/ measured by atomic force microscopy. The carbon (C) content in the Ge/sub 1-x/C/sub x/ layer was approximately 1 at. % as measured by secondary ion mass spectrometry. Ge/sub 1-x/C/sub x/ BC pMOSFETs with an effective oxide thickness of 1.9 nm and a gate length of 10 /spl mu/m exhibited high saturation drain current of 10.8 /spl mu/A//spl mu/m for a gate voltage overdrive of -1.0 V. Compared to Si control devices, the BC pMOSFETs showed 2/spl times/ enhancement in the saturation drain current and 1.6/spl times/ enhancement in the transconductance. The I/sub on//I/sub off/ ratio was greater than 5/spl times/10/sup 4/. The improved drain current represented an effective hole mobility enhancement of 1.5/spl times/ over the universal mobility curve for Si.
Maqamat Makrifat Hasan Al Basri dan Algazali

Kehidupan di Dunia adalah kesenangan maka seharusnya semua orang menjadikan dunia adalah negeri tempat beramal. Barangsiapa yang bertemu dengan dunia dalam rasa benci kepadanya atau zuhud, akan berbahagialah dia dan beroleh faedah dalam persahabatan itu. Tetapi barangsiapa yang tinggal dalam dunia, lalu hatinya rindu dan perasaannya tersangkut kepadanya, akhirnya dia akan sengsara. Dia akan terbawa kepada suatu masa yang tidak dapat tertahankan deritanya. Tafakur membawa kita kepada kebaikan dan berusaha mengerjakannya. Menyesal atas perbuatan jahat membawa kepada meninggalkan kejahatan itu. Barang yang fana walau bagaimanapun banyaknya, tidaklah dapat menyamai barang yang baqa (kekal), walaupun sedikit. Awasilah dirimu dari dunia yang cepat datang dan cepat pergi ini, dan yang penuh dengan tipuan. Menurut Hasan al-Basri, zuhud adalah, "memerlakukan dunia ini hanya sebagai jembatan yang hanya sekedar untuk dilalui dan sama sekali tidak membangun apa-apa di atasnya. ” Konsep dasar pendirian tasawuf Hasan al-Basri adalah zuhud terhadap dunia, menolak kemegahannya, semata menuju kepadaAllah, tawakal, khauf, dan raja', semuanya tidaklah terpisah. Jangan hanya takut kepada Allah, tetapi ikutilah ketakutan itu dengan pengharapan. Takut akan murka-Nya, tetapi mengharap karunia-Nya. Bagi Al-Ghazali rasio manusia tidak bisa memperoleh pengetahuan yang sebenarnya tentang Tuhan, sedang hati (qalb) bisa mengetahui hakikat segala sesuatu dan mampu mengetahui rahasia Tuhan. Ketika qalbu bersih di waktu itulah Tuhan menurunkan cahaya-Nya kepada seorang sufi, sehingga yang dilihatnya hanyalah Tuhan dan disinilah menunjukkan bahwa seseorang telah sampai ketingkat ma;rifah. Ma’rifah serupa ini diakui oleh ahli sunnah yang menyebabkan tasawuf diterima bagi kaum syariat, yang sebelumnya ditentang oleh mereka karena telah menyeleweng dari ajaran-ajaran Islam
Correlation effects in Molecules

2 Resume 2 Introduction 3 Molecular orbital method & LCAO 4 Example: H2 . 6 Heitler-London approximation 9 Example: H2 . 10 Coupled Quantum Dots 13 Single particle Quantum Dots . 14 Two particle Quantum Dots . 15 Conclusion 17
Post-2020 Kunming 30% target can easily protect all endemic sharks and rays in the Western Indian Ocean and more

Sharks and rays are possibly the most threatened Class of marine fishes and their declines can be halted if protected areas are optimised to benefit these species. We identify spatial priorities for all 63 endemic sharks and rays in the marine biodiversity hotspot, the Western Indian Ocean (WIO). Collectively, while the WIO nations currently surpass the 10% Aichi ocean protection target, this amounts to a dismal protection of only 1.57% of each species’ distribution range. We show that the entire ranges of all endemics can be achieved by protecting 11% of EEZs of WIO nations, well within reach of the new 30% of oceans by 2030 target. Regional management bodies exist, which if taken advantage of to implement shark and ray management, provide opportunities to implement more efficient management across the region. We recommend key management actions to implement and explicit incentivisation of international cooperation in the post-2020 biodiversity framework. Science for Society The past decade has seen massive growth in the establishment of marine protected areas (MPAs), driven by the Aichi biodiversity target of protecting 10% of all ocean areas. This expansion of MPAs, however, has largely occurred in areas residual to extractive uses, often coinciding with less threatened areas of lower conservation value. This coming decade will see a further push to ensure 30% of the oceans are protected by 2030. It is important to understand how existing and future MPAs should be placed to benefit threatened biodiversity. Currently this is unclear for sharks and rays, comprising a species group that is the most evolutionarily distinct vertebrate radiation in the world and also one of the most threatened. We identify both regional and national conservation priorities for expanding marine protected areas to benefit all 63 endemic sharks and rays occurring in the Western Indian Ocean region. We find that the region has already exceeded the 10% ocean protection target, but this amounts to an average of only 1.57% protection of the distribution ranges of these species. We show that protecting the top 10% priority sites will conserve almost half of the geographic range of each species yet require only 1.16% of the total EEZ – a tiny fraction of the 30% by 2030 target. We also show that regional collaboration among all nations can result in more spatially efficient conservation priorities. We recommend that the post-2020 biodiversity framework needs to explicitly incentivise regional cooperation between nations to efficiently achieve urgent targets and maximise benefits to biodiversity.
TCN1 Deficiency Inhibits the Malignancy of Colorectal Cancer Cells by Regulating the ITGB4 Pathway

Background/Aims This study aimed to investigate the biological function and regulatory mechanism of TCN1 in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods We studied the biological function of TCN1 by performing gain-of-function and loss-of-function analyses in HCT116 cell lines; examined the effects of TCN1 on the proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion of CRC cells; and determined potential molecular mechanisms using HCT116 and SW480 CRC lines and mouse xenotransplantation models. Tumor xenograft and colonization assays were performed to detect the tumorigenicity and metastatic foci of cells in vivo. Results TCN1 knockdown attenuated CRC cell proliferation and invasion and promoted cell apoptosis. Overexpression of TCN1 yielded the opposite effects. In addition, TCN1-knockdown HCT116 cells failed to form metastatic foci in the peritoneum after intravenous injection. Molecular mechanism analyses showed that TCN1 interacted with integrin subunit β4 (ITGB4) to positively regulate the expression of ITGB4. TCN1 knockdown promoted the degradation of ITGB4 and increased the instability of ITGB4 and filamin A. Downregulation of ITGB4 at the protein level resulted in the disassociation of the ITGB4/plectin complex, leading to cytoskeletal damage. Conclusions TCN1 might play an oncogenic role in CRC by regulating the ITGB4 signaling pathway.
A Brief Review of Internet Security: Evolution, Methodologies and Defense Strategies

5 CHAPTER 1 — OVERVIEW OF INTERNET SECURITY.7 HOW THE WEB WAS SPUN.8 The Beginning . 8 HTTP.9 Server-Side Scripts.10 Client-Side Scripts . 10 INTERNET SECURITY.12 The Five Fronts of Internet Security.14 CHAPTER 2 — ATTACKING UNIX.20 MAIN REASONS FOR EXPLOITABILITY OF UNIX SYSTEMS.20 Daemons . 22 SUID/SGID Processes . 22 Human Factor.23 Trust . 23 TIMES BEFORE NET WORMS.24 NET WORMS.24 Strategies used by the worm . 26 Disguise Strategies . 26 TIMES AFTER NET WORMS.27 CONCLUSION . 29 CHAPTER 3 — ATTACKS ON THE TRANSPORT CHANNEL . 32 FAKE ARP SERVERS . 33 DOMAIN NAME SERVERS . 36 Faking DNS replies.37 EARLY CRYPTOGRAPHY . 39 PRETTY GOOD PRIVACY.41 SECURE SOCKET LAYER . 43 How safe is SSL? 44 CONCLUSION . 44 APPENDIX 1 . 46 APPENDIX 2 . 48 APPENDIX 3 . 49 APPENDIX 5 . 51 Internet Security // Kulikov Alexey @ University of Warwick 4 CHAPTER 4 — ATTACKING THE PEOPLE // HUMAN FACTOR . 53 WHAT IS SOCIAL ENGINEERING? 53 CLASSIFICATION OF VARIOUS SE METHODOLOGIES . 55 Using the Phone.55 The Internet.55 E-mail . 55 Example of System Penetration . 57 Evolution of SE in relation to Internet Security.59 Short Story of Kevin Mitnick.59 SOCIAL ENGINEERING IN THE RECENT PAST.59 COMBAT STRATEGIES AGA INST SE . 62 CONCLUSION . 64 CHAPTER 5 — ATTACKING THE CLIENT . 66 VIRUSES AND WORMS . 67 HOW DO VIRUSES AND WORMS WORK? 69 TROJANS . ANTI-VIRUS SOFTWARE . 72 RECENT HISTORY – MACRO VIRUSES . 73 WHY WINDOWS? 74 CONCLUSION . 75 APPENDIX A – MELISSA . 78 CHAPTER 6 — ATTACKING THE WEB SERVER . 80 WEB SERVERS . 81 Basics of Web Server Operation . 81 Common Web Server Weaknesses . 82 Server Misconfiguration . 82 Bugs in Web Applications . 82 DENIAL OF SERVICE (DOS) . 84 Defense problems.87 CONCLUSION . 89 CHAPTER 7 — BUILDING A SECURE LAN . 93 Server OS . 93 Web Server.95 Transport Channel.96 Client (OS and Browser) . 98 People . 99 To Sum Up . 103 BIBLIOGRAPHY.106 Internet Security // Kulikov Alexey @ University of Warwick
A study on power line noise reduction in large scale integration

2 ノイズ低減に関するスタブとデカップリング容量との比較 2 2.1 はじめに . 2 2.2 スタブ理論 . 2 2.2.1 λ/4スタブの基本原理 . 2 2.3 スタブとデカップリング容量の解析式 . 3 2.3. 1 スタブと容量のインピーダンス . 3 2.3. 2 数値解析 . 5 2.4 回路シミュレーション . 6 2.4. 1 内部回路 . 6 2.4. 2 シミュレーション結果 . 6 2.5 考察 . 6 2.5. 1 周波数成分 . 6 2.5. 2 より高周波の場合 . 7 2.6 まとめ . 7
Potential of ASAR/ENVISAT for the characterization of soil surface parameters over bare agricultural fields

The objective of this investigation is to analyze the sensitivity of ASAR (Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar) data to soil surface parameters (surface roughness and soil moisture) over bare fields, at various polarizations (HH, HV, and VV) and incidence angles (20°–43°). The relationships between backscattering coefficients and soil parameters were examined by means of 16 ASAR images and several field campaigns. We have found that HH and HV polarizations are more sensitive than VV polarization to surface roughness. The results also show that the radar signal is more sensitive to surface roughness at high incidence angle (43°). However, the dynamics of the radar signal as a function of soil roughness are weak for root mean square (rms) surface heights between 0.5 cm and 3.56 cm (only 3 dB for HH polarization and 43° incidence angle). The estimation of soil moisture is optimal at low and medium incidence angles (20°–37°). The backscattering coefficient is more sensitive to volumetric soil moisture in HH polarization than in HV polarization. In fact, the results show that the depolarization ratio σ HH0 / σ HV0 is weakly dependent on the roughness condition, whatever the radar incidence. On the other hand, we observe a linear relationship between the ratio σ HH0 / σ HV0 and the soil moisture. The backscattering coefficient ratio between a low and a high
A Critical Review of Medication Adherence in Hypertension: Barriers and Facilitators Clinicians Should Consider

Abstract Hypertension is a global public health problem, and its prevalence is increasing worldwide. Impacting all human societies and socioeconomic strata, it remains the major modifiable risk factor for global burden of cardiovascular disease all-cause mortality and the leading cause of loss of disability-adjusted life years. Despite increased awareness, the rate of blood pressure control remains unsatisfactory, particularly in low- to middle-income countries. Apparent treatment-resistant hypertension is associated with worse adverse health outcomes. It includes both true resistant and pseudo-resistant hypertension, which requires out-of-office blood pressure monitoring to exclude white-coat effect and confirmation of adherence to the agreed recommended antihypertensive therapy. The depth of medication non-adherence remains poorly recognized among medical practitioners, thus presenting an underestimated modifiable risk factor. Medication non-adherence is a complex and multidimensional variable with three quantifiable phases: initiation, implementation, and discontinuation, collectively called persistence. Non-adherence can be both intentional and non-intentional and usually involves several interconnected factors. Persistence declines over time in the treatment of chronic diseases like hypertension. The risk is higher in patients with new diagnosis, poor insurance status, polypharmacy, and multiple comorbidities, particularly psychiatric disorders. The World Health Organization divides the contributing factors impacting adherence into five categories. Screening and detection for medication non-adherence are challenging due to its dynamic nature and potential white-coat effect. Easy-to-conduct screening methods have low reliability and validity, whereas more reliable and valid methods are costly and difficult to perform. Medication non-adherence is associated with poor clinical outcome and potential negative impact on health-care costs. Evaluation of adherence should become an integral part of assessment of patients treated for hypertension. Medication adherence can significantly improve with a patient-centered approach, non-judgmental communication skills, and collaborative multidisciplinary management, including engagement of the patients in their care by self-blood pressure monitoring.
Generalized Subdifferentials of Spectral Functions over Euclidean Jordan Algebras

This paper is devoted to the study of generalized subdifferentials of spectral functions over Euclidean Jordan algebras. Spectral functions appear often in optimization problems field playing the role of "regularizer", "barrier", "penalty function" and many others. We provide formulae for the regular, approximating and horizon subdifferentials of spectral functions. In addition, under local lower semicontinuity, we also furnish a formula for the Clarke subdifferential, thus extending an earlier result by Baes. As application, we compute the generalized subdifferentials of the function that maps an element to its k-th largest eigenvalue. Furthermore, in connection with recent approaches for nonsmooth optimization, we present a study of the Kurdyka-Lojasiewicz (KL) property for spectral functions and prove a transfer principle for the KL-exponent. In our proofs, we make extensive use of recent tools such as the commutation principle of Ramirez, Seeger and Sossa and majorization principles developed by Gowda.
Network Design Problems with Piecewise Linear Cost Functions

ix Introduction xi On the General Framework and Piecewise Linear Cost Functions . xi The Structure of the Thesis . xiii 1 A Literature Review on Discrete Facility Location with Non-Standard Cost Functions 1 1.
Expression of GADD45B in Renal Tissue of Children with IgA Nephropathy and Correlation with Mesangial Hypercellularity

Abstract Background: We correlated the expression of growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein beta (GADD45B) in renal tissue with IgA nephropathy (IgAN) with clinical characteristics and mesangial hypercellularity. Materials and methods: Biopsies from IgAN children were divided into M0 and M1 groups based on the Oxford classification, and biopsies with minimal change disease (MCD) were selected as controls. The mesangial cell proliferation area was evaluated on PAS-stained tissues, and the relative level of GADD45B in renal tissue was assessed by immunohistochemical staining (IHC). Results: Compared with the MCD group, levels of GADD45B in the M0 and M1 groups were significantly higher (p < 0.05). Levels of GADD45B positively correlated with mesangial cell proliferation, proteinuria, and total cholesterol, negatively correlated with Alb levels. Conclusions: It is suggested that high expression of GADD45B may play a regulatory role in mesangial hypercellularity.
Mars: Near‐infrared spectral reflectance of surface regions and compositional implications

Reflectance spectra (0.65–2.50 μm) are presented for 11 Martian areas. The spectral resolution is ∼1½% and the spatial resolution is 1000–2000 km. These are the first high-quality spectrophotometric data at these wavelengths for regions on the surface. Spectral features previously observed are confirmed and better defined, and a number of important spectral properties are characterized for the first time. The spectra show water ice absorptions in the 1.5- and 2.0-μm regions, which if due to surface frost, would imply the presence of 1 to 2 mg/cm2 H2O. However, other studies have shown that the presence of an unprotected surface frost in late morning is unlikely. Water ice is stable at night even at the equator and might persist until late morning when the air is well undersaturated if it is intimately dispersed in weathering products, especially if clays are present. The dark region spectra indicate about 4 times less water ice than seen in bright regions. Since some bright material is present in dark regions there may be no water ice associated with the dark materials themselves. This tends to confirm that weathering products (thought to be more abundant in bright regions) are involved in the mechanism that allows temporary persistance of unstable water ice. The presence of weak 2.3-μm features in many of the spectra are consistent with the presence of hydroxylated magnesium-rich minerals such as sheet silicates (serpentine, talc, and magnesian smectites) or amphiboles (anthophyllite). The apparent absence of a 2.2-μm absorption implies that montmorillonite may not be a major component of the Martian regolith. Many of the spectra also show an apparent absorption at 1.9 μm, in the wing of the 2.0-μm Martian atmospheric CO2 absorption, which would indicate bound molecular water. Observed dark regions have distinctive near-infrared spectral shapes, previously not well determined, which are characteristic of thin semi-transparent alteration coatings overlying dark unaltered rock. Previously observed ferrous- and ferric-iron absorptions in the 1-μm region are better defined by these new data. Clinopyroxene (augite) is definitely present, but olivine is not spectrally apparent.
Does Growth Data Make a Difference?: Teacher Decision Making Processes Using Growth Data versus Status Data

viii Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 Statement of Problem . 2 Overview of the Literature . 3 Framework for Data-Driven Decision Making in Schools . 3 Data Use in the School Setting . 4 Factors Influencing the Use of Data in the School Setting . 5 Models of Student Achievement . 6 Research Questions . 9 Methodology . 9 Key Terms . 10 Chapter 2: Review of the Literature . 12 Framework for Data Driven Decision Making . 12 Data Use in the School Setting . 14 Factors Influencing Data Use in the School Setting . 21 Access to Useful Data . 21 Time . 23 Capacity for Data Use . 24 Confidence in the Data. 26 Models of Student Achievement . 29 Status Models . 29 Growth Models . 31 Studies Comparing Achievement Models . 37 The Heck Study. 37 The Zvoch and Stevens Study. 42 Relevance . 45 Summary . 46 Chapter 3: Methodology . 48 Research Questions . 48 Research Design. 49 Population and Sampling Procedures . 50 Measures/Data Sources . 50 Independent Variable . 50 Dependent Variable . 54 Data Collection Procedures . 55 Data Analysis . 56 Research Hypotheses . 57 Chapter 4: Results . 59 Sample. 60 Instrument . 63 Research Question 1 . 64 Research Question 2 . 67 Research Questions 3 and 4 . 70 Research Questions 5 and 6 . 72 Open Ended Responses . 74 Summary of the Results . 74 Chapter 5: Discussion, Conclusions, and Recommendations . 76 Discussion . 76 Teacher Perceptions of Student Success . 76 Teacher Strengths and Weaknesses . 80 Confidence In and Usefulness of the Data . 81 Limitations . 84 Conclusions . 87 Recommendations . 91 For Practice . 91 For Further Research. 93 List of References . 97 Appendices . 102 Appendix A Student Test Score Information Distributed to Participants . 102 Appendix B Sample Data Reports Distributed to Participants . 105 Appendix C Survey . 108 Vita . 111
Implementation of a field study of body composition among infants and young children in sub-Saharan Africa

Field Exchange issue 60, July 2019, www.ennonline. net/fex By Ezekiel Mupere, John Mukisa, Lynnth Turyagyenda, Peace Aber, Luke S Uebelhoer, Celine Bourdon, Robert Bandsma, Emmanuel Chimwezi, Jonathan C Wells, Wieger Voskuijl, Judd L Walson, James A Berkley and Christina Lancioni
Modeling Dependence with Copulas : Theory and Applications , Quo Vadis ?

2 Copula Definitions and Classical Copula models 3 2.1 Basic definitions and examples . 3 2.2 The Frechet-Hoeffding Bound . 5 2.3 Classes of Copulas . 6 2.3. 1 Elliptical Copulas . 6 2.3. 2 Archimedean Copulas . 9 2.4 Measures of Dependence . 12