Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Artificial Neural Networks‐Based Tree Ring Width Proxy System Model for Paleoclimate Data Assimilation

Constructing suitable tree ring width (TRW) proxy system models (PSMs) is an emerging research focus in paleoclimate data assimilation (PDA). Currently, however, it is unknown as to which TRW PSMs are optimal for practical PDA applications. This study proposes an artificial neural networks (ANN)‐based TRW PSM and compares its performance with those of existing TRW PSMs, including linear univariate model, linear multivariate model, and physically based VS‐Lite model. The results show that ANN‐based TRW PSM is more suitable for practical PDA applications than other three TRW PSMs in terms of performance and universality. Overall, the performances of the four TRW PSMs in PDA can be ranked as follows (from best to worst): ANN, linear multivariate model, linear univariate model, and physically based VS‐Lite model. In addition, the results of our study not only indicate that the ANN model is a really effective tool for constructing TRW PSM in practical PDA applications but also imply that the ANN model has the potential to provide new insights into the construction of other types of PSMs (e.g., speleothem δ18O PSM) when physics of the climate‐proxy relationships cannot be described fully in advance.
Fine-resolution mapping and assessment of artificial surfaces in the northern hemisphere permafrost environments

Permafrost degradation has strong and long-lasting effects on anthropogenic land-use activities, contradicting the goal of sustainable development in polar and high-elevation regions. The artificial surface (AS) plays a central role in determining human-environment relationships in permafrost environments. Despite recent progress in monitoring land surfaces, attempts to map permafrost AS with satellite remote sensing have been limited. In this study, we propose an operational framework for fine-resolution mapping and assessment of permafrost AS across the entire Northern Hemisphere landmass. The proposed framework was designed to take advantage of prior knowledge obtained from existing global-scale land-cover products. As a result, a 10 m resolution permafrost AS map for 2016–2017 was created using a locally adaptive classification strategy. We found that the created map exhibited an overall accuracy of 91.7 ± 2.1% with minimum accuracies > 70%. We estimated that the total area of permafrost AS in the Northern Hemisphere was approximately 9,000 km 2 , most notably in the Russian Arctic. Future projections indicate that there will be over one-seventh of the permafrost AS area at high geohazard risk by the end of the twenty-first century. Our study provides new perspectives on the ‘permafrost-human-climate’ nexus, which can advance our understanding of the terrestrial system.
Screening of PFASs in groundwater and surface water

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are emerging organic pollutants characterized by their persistency, and bioaccumulation and toxicity potential. In this study, 26 PFASs were screened in 502 water samples originating from Swedish groundwater, surface water, sewage treatment plant (STP) effluents and landfill leachates. The objectives were to establish baseline concentrations of PFASs in the aquatic environment, to screen for potential sources, and to compare PFAS concentrations with guideline values for estimation of potential effects on the ecosystem and human health. In drinking water source areas, the average ∑26PFAS concentration was 8.4 ng L-1 with a median value of 0.6 ng L-1 (n = 172). The drinking water guideline value of 90 ng L-1 for ∑7PFASs (PFPeA, PFHxA, PFHpA, PFOA, PFBS, PFHxS, PFOS) established by the Swedish National Food Agency was exceeded in 4 samples (2% of the total number of samples in this category). In water not used for drinking water, ∑26PFASs concentrations were on average 142 ng L-1 (median 5.4 ng L-1). The high average PFAS concentrations can be explained by the fact that some samples showed extremely high PFAS concentrations with a maximum ∑26PFASs value of 12 900 ng L-1. In surface water, PFOS concentrations exceeded the annual average Environmental Quality Standard (AA-EQS) of the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) in 42% of the samples. Among the different water categories, the landfill leachates had the highest average concentration of ∑26PFAS with 487 ng L-1 (median 435 ng L-1, n = 10), followed by surface water (average 112 ng L-1, median 4.1 ng L-1, n = 285), groundwater (average 49 ng L-1, median 0.4 ng L-1, n = 164), STP effluents (average 35 ng L-1, median 26 ng L-1; n = 13) and background screening lakes (remote lakes; average 3.4 ng L-1, median 1.4 ng L-1, n = 10). The composition profile of the PFASs differed between the types of waters showing an even distribution of ∑PFCAs, ∑PFSAs and ∑PFAS precursors in groundwater, whereas in all other water categories (surface water, background lakes, STP effluents and landfill leachates), ∑PFCAs were dominant. As FOSA, PFNA, PFDA, and 6:2 FTSA were frequently detected in drinking water source areas (constituted 20%, 7.3%, 5.9%, and 4.4% of the ∑26PFASs, respectively), it is reasonable to consider the inclusion of these in the Swedish drinking water guideline.
Global Well-posedness for the Radial Defocusing Cubic Wave Equation on R 3 and for Rough Data

We prove global well-posedness for the radial defocusing cubic wave equation 8 < : ∂ttu − ∆u = −u 3 u(0, x) = u 0 (x) ∂tu(0, x) = u 1 (x) with data (u 0 , u 1) ∈ H s × H s−1 , 1 > s > 7 10. The proof relies upon a Morawetz-Strauss-type inequality that allows us to control the growth of an almost conserved quantity.
A Clustering Approach for Tag Recommendation in Social Environments

Collaborative tagging is the process by which users classify shared content using keywords. Although its popularity keeps growing on the Web, content retrieval can be difficult since people tag differently. Moreover, there are some well-known linguistic phenomena. Recently, several attempts to avoid such limitations by recommending tags to users or by creating tag clusters have been presented. In this paper we propose an approach to cluster tags by monitoring the activity of the users in a tagging system. The created clusters can be used to recommend tags when a user uploads or searches a resource, in order to facilitate content retrieval. Experiments are performed by comparing with a classic tag clustering approach and results show the capability of the approach to cluster strongly related tags.
Evaluation of Toxicity and Antioxidant Activity of Hydro-Ethanol Leave Extract of Mentha piperita

Mentha piperita has numerous pharmacological, cosmetic and alimental applications due to its ability to produce terpene and terpenoid compounds. Antioxidants are considered as important bioactive compound on account of many health benefits along with their vital role in delaying oxidative rancidity of numerous food. The study was to investigate acute toxicity evaluation and in vitro antioxidant activity of hydro-ethanol leave extracts of M. piperita. The acute toxicity was evaluate in rat according to (OECD). Animals were daily observed for 24 hours after treatment for mortality. The antioxidant activity of the extract was evaluated based on the method such as DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power method. The results showed that mortality was not observed in phase one but was observed in phase two. The LD50 by oral route in rat was less than 5000 mg/kg body weight. The percentage of antioxidant activity of leaf extracts of M. piperita was assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical assay, reducing power (RP) assay, ferric reducing/antioxidant power assay, and nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging assay. The analysis revealed that NO scavenging activity is higher than DPPH with extract. NO and DPPH exhibited remarkable antioxidant activity. This indicates that the hydro-ethanol leave extract of M. piperita has a good antioxidant activity.
Estimation of China ecological footprint production coefficient based on net primary productivity

Ecological footprint(EF),as a kind of biophysical indicator in measuring the humanity's use extent of natural resources,is considered as one of the most successful methods to assess the sustainable development,and has gained much attention on national and international level since it was first used by Wackernagel and Rees in 1996.Production coefficient is an important parameter in EF model,and directly affects the reliability of the results.In order to make comparisons among different regions in China,production coefficient was introduced to relate the regional primary productivities of different land types(i.e.,cropland,pasture,forest land,and fishing ground)to the integrated average primary biomass productivity of the corresponding land type.Aimed to analyze the ecological footprint of different areas in regional scale,this paper calculated the production coefficient on national level and provincial level based on the net primary productivity(NPP)from MODIS data with 1-km resolution in 2001.On national level,the production coefficient of cropland,forest land,pasture,and fishing ground was 1.74,0.86,0.51,and 0.74,respectively,which meant that the cropland productivity in China was bigger than the global average one.On provincial level,the production coefficient differed with provinces,because the NPP of different land use types in different regions was varied.
Veterinarian—Chasing A Dream Job? A Comparative Survey on Wellbeing and Stress Levels among European Veterinarians between 2018 and 2023

Simple Summary Whilst recognizing the abundantly positive aspects within the different domains of the veterinary profession, the challenging socio-economic and cultural working climate has been recognized as a source of veterinary mental wellbeing issues. Comparing the results of two large-scale European surveys, stress levels and the need for medical leave due to reduced mental wellbeing remained at comparatively high levels, and mental wellbeing scores remained low. While important differences between countries were noticed, early-career veterinarians and female veterinarians were most at risk of decreased mental wellbeing all over Europe for all three indicators. Notwithstanding the increased attention that is given to veterinary wellbeing in the last decade, our results underline that major efforts remain necessary by creating more supportive and attractive workplaces that prioritize wellbeing, a good work/life balance and provide job satisfaction. Abstract Whilst recognizing the abundantly positive aspects within the different domains of the veterinary profession, the challenging socio-economic and cultural working climate has been identified as a source of veterinary mental wellbeing issues. This mixed methods study provides an overview of the mental state of veterinarians across Europe via two cross-sectional surveys in 2018/2019 (n = 14,559 veterinarians) and in 2022/2023 (n = 12,393 veterinarians). Mental wellbeing was assessed using 3 indicators: self-reported stress levels, the need for medical leave due to reduced mental wellbeing (22% and 23%, resp., in 2018/2019 and 2022/2023) and the seven-question Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (2018/2019: 25, 2022/2023: 24.8). In both surveys, important differences were spotlighted between countries, but early-career veterinarians and female veterinarians were most at risk of decreased mental wellbeing all over Europe for all indicators. In conclusion, stress levels and need for medical leave due to reduced mental wellbeing remained at comparatively high levels across the two surveys and standardized mental wellbeing scores remained equally low. Notwithstanding the increased attention given to veterinary wellbeing in the last decade, our results underline that major efforts remain necessary, by creating more supportive and attractive workplaces that prioritize wellbeing, a good work/life balance, and providing job satisfaction.
Carbon Dynamics of Subtropical Wetland Communities in South Florida

ii Acknowledgments. v Vita . viii List of Tables . xv List of Figures . xviii Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 1.1 Background . 1 1.2 Goal and Objectives . 5 1.3 References . 6 1.4 Tables and figures . 15 Chapter 2: Methane emissions from five wetland plant communities with different hydroperiods in the Big Cypress Swamp region of Florida Everglades . 18 2.1 Abstract . 18 2.2 Introduction . 19 2.3 Methods . 21 Study Site . 21 xi Methane Sampling. 22 Environmental Variables . 24 Analytical Methods . 25 Data analysis . 26 2.4 Results . 27 Precipitation, water levels and soil temperature . 27 Methane fluxes . 28 Relationship between CH4 fluxes, hydrology and soil temperature . 30 2.5 Discussion . 31 CH4 fluxes in Corkscrew Swamp . 31 Diurnal variability in CH4 fluxes . 32 CH4 fluxes and temperature . 33 CH4 fluxes and hydrology . 33 Global and regional implications . 37 2.6 Conclusions . 39 2.7 References . 40 2.8 Tables and figures . 48 Chapter 3: Carbon sequestration in different wetland plant communities in southwest Florida . 56
The New Zealand Tsunami Database: Historical and Modern Records

A database of historical (preinstrumental) and modern (instrumentally recorded) tsunamis that have impacted or been observed in New Zealand has been compiled and published online. New Zealand’s tectonic setting, astride an obliquely convergent tectonic boundary on the Pacific Rim, means that it is vulnerable to local, regional, and circum‐Pacific tsunamis. Despite New Zealand’s comparatively short written historical record of about 200 years, there is a wealth of information about the impact of past tsunamis. The New Zealand Tsunami Database (NZTD) currently has 800+ entries that describe >50 high‐validity tsunamis. Sources of historical information include witness reports recorded in diaries, notes, newspapers, books, and photographs. Information on recent events comes from tide gauges and other instrumental recordings such as Deep‐ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART) buoys, and media of greater variety, for example, video and online surveys. The NZTD is an ongoing project with information added as further historical records come to light. Modern tsunamis are also added to the database once the relevant data for an event have been collated and edited. This article briefly overviews the procedures and tools used in the recording and analysis of New Zealand’s historical tsunamis, with emphasis on database content.
The Diagnostic Value of Oligoclonal Band Detection in Viral Encephalitis

Objective: This study aims to explore the differences in cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal band (CSF-OCB) expression among different age groups in viral encephalitis and its reference value for diagnosis. Methods: Forty-two patients with viral encephalitis were divided into two groups: 25 adults and 17 children. The presence of oligoclonal bands in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was detected using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and CSF routine analysis was conducted for comparative analysis. Results: The CSF-OCB positivity rate was higher in the adult group (48%) compared with the pediatric group (11.76%), with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in adult group between the CSF-OCB positivity rate (48%) and CSF white blood cell count positivity rate (44%), but was higher than the protein quantification analysis positivity rate (20%), with statistical significance (P < 0.05). In the pediatric group, there was no significant difference between the CSF-OCB positivity rate (11.76%) and protein quantification analysis positivity rate (17.65%), but it was lower than the CSF white blood cell count positivity rate (64.71%) (P < 0.05). Conclusion:
Public Trace-and-Revoke Proxy Re-Encryption for Secure Data Sharing in Clouds

Proxy re-encryption (PRE), as a promising cryptographic primitive for secure data sharing in clouds, has been widely studied for decades. PRE allows the proxies to use the re-encryption keys to convert ciphertexts computed under the delegator’s public key into ones that can be decrypted using the delegatees’ secret keys, without knowing anything about the underlying plaintext. This delegable property of decryption rights enables flexible cloud data sharing, but it raises an important issue: if some proxies reveal their re-encryption keys, or collude with some delegatees to create a pirate decoder, then anyone who gains access to the pirate decoder can decrypt all ciphertexts computed under the delegator’s public key without the delegator’s permission. This paper opens up a potentially new avenue of research to address the above (re-encryption) key abuse problem by proposing the first public trace-and-revoke PRE system, where the malicious delegatees and proxies involved in the generation of a pirate decoder can be identified by anyone who gains access to the pirate decoder, and their decryption capabilities can subsequently be revoked by the content distributor. Our construction is multi-hop, supports user revocation and public (black-box) traceability, and achieves significant efficiency advantages over previous constructions. Technically, our construction is a generic transformation from inner-product functional PRE (IPFPRE) that we introduce to trace-and-revoke PRE. In addition, we instantiate our generic construction of trace-and-revoke PRE from the Learning with Errors (LWE) assumption, which was widely believed to be quantum-resistant. This is achieved by proposing the first LWE-based IPFPRE scheme, which may be of independent interest. Finally, we conduct a comprehensive performance evaluation of our LWE-based trace-and-revoke PRE scheme, and the experimental results show that the proposed LWE-based trace-and-revoke PRE scheme is practical and outperforms current state-of-the-art traceable PRE schemes.
Pollution Evaluation and Source Analysis of Heavy Metal in Urban Soil of Wuhu City

Nine heavy metals of 153 soil samples in Wuhu City were measured and evaluated,their pollution sources were analyzed by multivariate geostatistical methods.The results showed that the average contents of Zn、Fe、Mn、Cu、Pb、Co、Cd、Ni and Cr were 96.8、30 600.1、466.1、35.0、29.1、16.7、1.2、26.3、78.3 mg/kg,respectively.Contents of other elements were higher than the corresponding soil background values except for Fe,Mn,Ni.Zn,Cu,Pb,Co,Cd,Cr were 1.26,1.09,1.17,1.20,6.11,1.29 times of background values,respectively.These elements had accumulated to a certain extent.The single factor evaluation indicated that Cd was the most serious pollution,while Zn,Cu,Pb,Co and Cr were light pollution,and Fe,Mn and Ni no pollution.The comprehensive correlation,clustering and principal component analysis reflected that Fe and Mn for "natural source factor",the distribution of different function was mainly controlled by the soil material.Zn,Cu,Pb and Cd for "traffic and industrial activities factor". The highest value of Cu and Cd were distributed in the Development Area,and Zn,Pb in Jinghu District.Ni,Co and Cr for "agricultural activity",the space mutation was influenced by the soil materal and agricultural activities.
Significant Trends in Asia’s Wellness Tourism and Research Agenda: A Systematic Literature Review Analysis

The research paper focused on the significant trends in the Wellness market, its demands and motivational factors, and the wellness tourism research agenda and policies that impact the Asian Wellness tourism industry in an Asian context. In a critical systematic literature review, the articles published on wellness topics in 143 Asian documents were selected from the Scopus and Web of Science databases published between 2003 and 2022. The performance analysis revealed that the theme’s production reached an average annual growth rate of 17.67%. The recent trend of wellness tourism in Asian countries is based on wellness retreats that included holistic packages of services such as yoga, meditation, ayurvedic healing, spas, traditional experiences, forest parks, nature sceneries, characteristics food, ancient villages, hot springs, and mental healing. However, the research agenda was usually mixed with health and medical tourism. Health, satisfaction, experiences, and wellness tourism were used the most in the literature. This research paper presents deep insights to help policymakers develop policies which organizes and promotes their country’s wellness tourism. It can be a reference document for further studies in wellness tourism in Asian countries.
Effects of STN-DBS on cognition and mood in young-onset Parkinson’s disease: a two-year follow-up

Background The effects of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) on the cognition and mood of patients with PD are still not uniformly concluded, and young-onset Parkinson’s disease (YOPD) is even less explored. Objective To observe the effectiveness of STN-DBS on the cognition and mood of YOPD patients. Methods A total of 27 subjects, with a mean age at onset of 39.48 ± 6.24 and age at surgery for STN-DBS of 48.44 ± 4.85, were followed up preoperatively and for 2 years postoperatively. Using the Unified Parkinson disease rating scale (UPDRS), H&Y(Hoehn and Yahr stage), 39-Item Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39), Mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Hamilton depression scale (HAMD), Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) to assess motor, cognition, and mood. Results At the 2-year follow-up after STN-DBS, YOPD patients showed significant improvements in motor and quality of life (UPDRS III: p < 0.001, PDQ-39: p < 0.001); overall cognition was not significantly different from preoperative (MMSE: p = 0.275, MoCA: p = 0.913), although language function was significantly impaired compared to preoperative (MMSE: p = 0.004, MoCA: p = 0.009); depression and anxiety symptoms also improved significantly (HAMD: p < 0.001, HAMA: p < 0.001) and the depression score correlated significantly with motor (preoperative: r = 0.493, p = 0.009), disease duration (preoperative: r = 0.519, p = 0.006; postoperative: r = 0.406, p = 0.036) and H&Y (preoperative: r = 0.430, p = 0.025; postoperative: r = 0.387, p = 0.046); total anxiety scores were also significantly correlated with motor (preoperative: r = 0.553, p = 0.003; postoperative: r = 0.444, p = 0.020), disease duration (preoperative: r = 0.417, p = 0.031), PDQ-39 (preoperative: r = 0.464, p = 0.015) and H&Y (preoperative: r = 0.440, p = 0.022; postoperative: r = 0.526, p = 0.005). Conclusion STN-DBS is a safe and effective treatment for YOPD. The mood improved significantly, and overall cognition was not impaired, were only verbal fluency decreased but did not affect the improvement in quality of life.
Pengaruh functionality dan usability terhadap value for time dan value for money pengguna aplikasi Airbnb Surabaya

This study aims to examine the effect of Functionality and Usability on Value for Time and Value for Money. The research design uses a quantitative approach with a questionnaire as a data collection instrument. Data was collected from 100 respondents from a population of travelers who had used the Airbnb application at least 2 times in different periods in the last 3 years with a minimum booking time of 3 days per period. Hypothesis testing was carried out using the multiple linear regression method. The results of hypothesis testing show that Functionality has a significant effect on Value for Time and Value for Money; while Usability was found to have no significant effect on Value for Time and Value for Money. Thus, Airbnb is expected to be able to focus on providing more useful information to customers.