Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Daily stream temperature predictions for free-flowing streams in the Pacific Northwest, USA

Supporting sustainable lotic ecosystems and thermal habitats requires estimates of stream temperature that are high in scope and resolution across space and time. We combined and enhanced elements of existing stream temperature models to produce a new statistical model to address this need. Contrasting with previous models that estimated coarser metrics such as monthly or seasonal stream temperature or focused on individual watersheds, we modeled daily stream temperature across the entire calendar year for a broad geographic region. This model reflects mechanistic processes using publicly available climate and landscape covariates in a Generalized Additive Model framework. We allowed covariates to interact while accounting for nonlinear relationships between temporal and spatial covariates to better capture seasonal patterns. To represent variation in sensitivity to climate, we used a moving average of antecedent air temperatures over a variable duration linked to area-standardized streamflow. The moving average window size was longer for reaches having snow-dominated hydrology, especially at higher flows, whereas window size was relatively constant and low for reaches having rain-dominated hydrology. Our model’s ability to capture the temporally-variable impact of snowmelt improved its capacity to predict stream temperature across diverse geography for multiple years. We fit the model to stream temperatures from 1993–2013 and predicted daily stream temperatures for ~261,200 free-flowing stream reaches across the Pacific Northwest USA from 1990–2021. Our daily model fit well (RMSE = 1.76; MAE = 1.32°C). Cross-validation suggested that the model produced useful predictions at unsampled locations across diverse landscapes and climate conditions. These stream temperature predictions will be useful to natural resource practitioners for effective conservation planning in lotic ecosystems and for managing species such as Pacific salmon. Our approach is straightforward and can be adapted to new spatial regions, time periods, or scenarios such as the anticipated decline in snowmelt with climate change.
Novel method to calibrate CT scanners with a conic probe body

A new and simple object for calibrating tomographic scanners has been proposed. Instead of a conventional high-density ball as an object for calibration, we propose a high-density conic body. The cone is advantageous compare to the ball both because of its easy availability (uncomplicated manufacturing) and the straightforward and less error-prone analysis necessary for the identification of a space point (ball’s center vs. cone apex). Applying the conic body instead of a ball as a calibration object enables to reduce calibration errors substantially. Additionally we propose an efficient way to determine the discrepancy between ideal and misaligned positions of the detector that may be crucial for the quality of the reconstruction.
POLICYCOMP: Counterpart Comparison of Privacy Policies Uncovers Overbroad Personal Data Collection Practices

Since mobile apps’ privacy policies are usually complex, various tools have been developed to examine whether privacy policies have contradictions and verify whether privacy policies are consistent with the apps’ behaviors. However, to the best of our knowledge, no prior work answers whether the personal data collection practices (PDCPs) in an app’s privacy policy are necessary for given purposes ( i.e. , whether to comply with the principle of data minimization ). Though deﬁned by most existing privacy regulations/laws such as GDPR, the principle of data minimization has been translated into different privacy practices depending on the different contexts ( e.g. , various developers and targeted users). In the end, the developers can collect personal data claimed in the privacy policies as long as they receive authorizations from the users. Currently, it mainly relies on legal experts to manually audit the necessity of personal data collection according to the spe-ciﬁc contexts, which is not very scalable for millions of apps. In this study, we aim to take the ﬁrst step to automatically investigate whether PDCPs in an app’s privacy policy are over-broad from the perspective of counterpart comparison . Our basic insight is that, if an app claims to collect much more personal data in its privacy policy than most of its counterparts, it is more likely to be conducting overbroad collection. To achieve this, P OLICY C OMP , an automatic framework for detecting overbroad PDCPs is proposed. We use P OLICY C OMP to perform a large-scale analysis
Using the press as a real-time economic confidence indicator 1

Through the application of textual border analysis tools, this work presents the construction of a high-frequency indicator, generated in real time, based on the computerized reading of the news from the main print media from January 2015 to December 2020 in Chile. This indicator captures the emotional tone of economic and opinion news by making use of an extensive —and novel— purpose-built dictionary in Spanish. This lexicon of words was subjected to challenging statistical tests of robustness, complemented by tests of predictive precision. The latter were carried out by comparing the degree of similarity between a classification by automated means and another by manual means in a random sample. The economic application shows that the constructed indicator has a high correlation with confidence indicators based on surveys, and a high predictive capacity in the face of shock phenomena hitting the economy.
System input–output theoretic three-dimensional measurement based on circular-shaped structured light patterns

Abstract. Alternative approaches to three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction by employing the concepts of “system identification” and “communication systems” based on structured light patterns are proposed. In addition, a sampling criterion of the light source is derived in the case of using multiple projectors because 3-D reconstruction sometimes employs multiple viewpoints (cameras) and multiple structured light sources (or projectors). To reformulate a reconstruction problem, an input–output (I/O) system theoretic is adopted, and camera(s) and light source(s) that are located at different positions are defined as the output and the input, respectively. Akin to the system identification problem, the ratio of an output to an input, the “system function,” is defined as a 3-D measurement result. Alternatively, the reconstruction work can employ the concept of the “modulation and demodulation theory,” and the reconstruction work can be reinterpreted as an “input estimation problem. ” This contribution chiefly deals with approximate reconstruction results that are sufficient for practical applications, such as 3-D object detection, clarification, recognition, and classification, rather than a perfect 3-D reconstruction itself. To that end, the development of an efficient and fast 3-D imaging system framework is proposed.
Method of Obtaining Inter-Arrival Distribution between Two Consecutive Heart Attacks Using Palm Probability

An attempt has been made to obtain the inter-arrival times of two consecutive heart attacks by using the technique of Palm probability. The arrival rate of heart attacks is taken to be Poisson, which is assumed to vary individual to individual following gamma distribution leading to a dependent process. In this communication, a methodology has been used to estimate the consecutive failure time of heart attack with compound Poisson inputs weighted by gamma distribution based on hospital discharge data relating to heart failures.
A comprehensive reappraisal of long-term aerosol characteristics, trends, and variability in Asia

Abstract. Changes in aerosol loadings and properties are important for the understanding of atmospheric environment and climate change. This study investigates the characteristics and long-term trends of aerosols of different sizes and types in Asia from 2000 to 2020 by considering multi-source aerosol data and novel analysis methods and perspectives, all of which provides the groundwork for promoting the acquisition of new discoveries that are different from the past. The geometric mean aggregation method is applied, and serial autocorrelation is considered to avoid the overestimation of trend significance. Among regions in Asia, high values of aerosol optical depth (AOD) are mainly concentrated in East Asia (EA) and South Asia (SA) and are closely related to the population density. The AOD in EA showed the most significant negative trend, with a value of -5.28×10-4 per year, mainly owing to decreases in organic carbon (OC), black carbon (BC), and dust aerosols. It is also worth noting that this observed large-scale decrease in OC and BC is a unique and significant phenomenon to region of EA and mainly around China. In contrast, the aerosol concentrations in SA generally show a positive trend, with an increased value of AOD of 1.25 × 10−3 per year. This increase is mainly due to large emissions of fine-mode aerosols, such as OC and sulfate aerosol. Additionally, the high aerosol loading in northern SA has a lower AOD variability when compared with that of East China Plain, revealing a relatively more persistent air pollution situation. Over the whole region of Asia, the characteristics of the percentage changes in different types of AOD are seen in the increases in BC (6.23 %) and OC (17.09 %) AOD, together with a decrease in dust (−5.51 %), sulfate (−3.07 %), and sea salt (−9.80 %) AOD. Except for anthropogenic emissions, the large increase in the percentage of OC is also due to wildfires found in northern Asia in the summer, whereas the differently sized AOD only shows slight changes in Asia in that small-sized AOD decreases (−3.34 %) and that the total AOD did not show a significant change. This suggests that, from a trend perspective, decreases in aerosol in recent years have mostly been offsetting earlier increases in the anthropogenic emissions over Asia. To summarize, the above findings analyse the comprehensive characteristics of aerosol distributions and reappraise the long-term trends of different aerosol parameters, which will greatly enhance the understanding of regional and global aerosol environment and climatology, in addition to filling the gaps and breaking through the limitations of past knowledge.
Psycho-historical linguistics: its context and potential

Historical linguistics is a field that, perhaps more than other branches of linguistics, can be said to exhibit a certain conservatism. To be clear, this term is not meant in any traditional political sense. Rather it is meant to capture the notion that, as a discipline, diachronic studies seem to accept and build on previous theories and empirical findings to a greater extent than do most synchronic subdisciplines. This may be because data are comparatively rare and hard to come by. One result of this scarcity is that, once analyzed, there are fewer opportunities for reanalysis predicated on new data. There are, of course, occasions when more or less radical proposals are brought forward subsequently, which result in debates of the kind which are much more common in synchronic syntax, say, or phonology. The reconstruction of the Indo-European consonant system (Beekes 1995: 132–4 provides a summary), for example, continues to be debated almost two hundred years after it was first proposed.
Modal analysis of the wake past a marine propeller

Modal decomposition techniques are used to analyse the wake field past a marine propeller achieved by previous numerical simulations (Muscari et al. Comput. Fluids, vol. 73, 2013, pp. 65–79). In particular, proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) are used to identify the most energetic modes and those that play a dominant role in the inception of the destabilization mechanisms. Two different operating conditions, representative of light and high loading conditions, are considered. The analysis shows a strong dependence of temporal and spatial scales of the process on the propeller loading and correlates the spatial shape of the modes and the temporal scales with the evolution and destabilization mechanisms of the wake past the propeller. At light loading condition, due to the stable evolution of the wake, both POD and DMD describe the flow field by the non-interacting evolution of the tip and hub vortex. The flow is mainly associated with the ordered convection of the tip vortex and the corresponding dominant modes, identified by both decompositions, are characterized by spatial wavelengths and frequencies related to the blade passing frequency and its multiples, whereas the dynamic of the hub vortex has a negligible contribution. At high loading condition, POD and DMD identify a marked separation of the flow field close to the propeller and in the far field, as a consequence of wake breakdown. The tonal modes are prevalent only near to the propeller, where the flow is stable; on the contrary, in the transition region a number of spatial and temporal scales appear. In particular, the phenomenon of destabilization of the wake, originated by the coupling of consecutive tip vortices, and the mechanisms of hub–tip vortex interaction and wake meandering are identified by both POD and DMD.
INTERNET OF THINGS BASED SMART HEALTHCARE SYSTEM: CHALLENGES AND APPLICATIONS

: Internet of Things (IoT) based Smart Healthcare System (SHCS) has rapidly evolved in past decades. It has tremendous potential to change the way healthcare services are being delivered. The vital signs monitoring system is becoming essential in the timely delivery of healthcare services. The paradigm has shifted from traditional and manual recording to computer based electronic recording. IoT Based SHCS plays a vital role in the delivery of healthcare services in rural and remote areas where essential medical amenities, necessary infrastructures, and qualified medical practitioners are not available. This research is focused on three important aspects of healthcare; real time vital sign monitoring, remote health monitoring and interpretation of multiple vital signs for health status prediction and abnormality detection. An IoT enabled vital sign monitoring system (VSMS) has been implemented to monitor various vital signs in real-time and store the recorded trends locally. IoT and integrated cloud computing technologies are used for the implementation of the remote health monitoring system (RHMS).
The competitiveness of manufacturing in Poland and the other V4 countries against the backdrop of digital transformation challenges

Competitiveness is most frequently defined as an economy’s ability to cope with international competition and to ensure high employment and returns on production factors employed. Considering the importance of manufacturing in the economies of the Visegrad (V4) countries, is seems justified to examine the competitiveness of the economic sector, particularly in the perspective of the ongoing digital transformation. The article aims to present research findings regarding developments in the competitive position of manufacturing in Poland as compared to the V4 countries and to identify those countries’ preparedness for implementing changes resulting from the assumptions of the Industry 4.0 concept. The most significant inferences to be drawn from the analysis are discussed in the Conclusions section. Although the issue of competitiveness has been addressed by various economists and scholars, the existing body of publications still lacks investigations of manufacturing and the Visegrad countries. The analysis presented attempts to fill in the gap in that regard.
Total-Ionizing-Dose Response of MoS2 Transistors With ZrO2 and h-BN Gate Dielectrics

The total-ionizing-dose response of few layer MoS2 transistors with ZrO2 or h-BN gate dielectrics is investigated under various bias conditions. Defects in MoS2 and surrounding dielectric layers significantly affect radiation-induced trapping. For devices with ZrO2 dielectrics, much larger negative Vth shifts and peak transconductance degradation are observed for irradiation under negative and ground bias than under positive bias. The h-BN devices exhibit positive threshold voltage shifts under negative-bias irradiation. For both ZrO2 and h-BN passivated devices, the peak transconductance degradation results from charge trapping at the surface of the MoS2 or in nearby oxides. Changes in defect energy distributions of MoS2 FETs during X-ray irradiation are characterized via temperature-dependent low-frequency noise measurements. Density functional theory calculations are performed to provide insight into the pertinent defects.
HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION IN ANEMIC PREGNANCY IN BAGHDAD, IRAQ.

Bushra A. Najum 1 , Abbas A. J. A-Salihi 2 and Hanaa Mohammed Moheyaldeen 1 . 1. Ministry of Health Baghdad Medical office Al-Karkh, Karkh Maternity Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq. 2. High Institute of Infertility Diagnosis and ART's, AL-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History Received: 12 September 2018 Final Accepted: 14 October 2018 Published: November 2018 Background: Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the most common and endemic human infections worldwide, causing a number of very common and important gastrointestinal problems such as peptic ulcer, iron deficiency anemia and chronic gastritis. In general infecting almost half of the people in developed countries and 80% of people in developing countries. Objective: to identify the association between H. pylori infection and iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women. Methods: A cross-sectional study done at Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of three hospitals in Baghdad city, during the period from the first of January to 30th of September 2017. The study included 400 anemic pregnant women selected randomly and all subjects were analyzed in full details and hemoglobin estimation done during the 1st visit, and h.pylori test. Result: study sample divided into (51.8%) as a mild anemia, (33.8%) as a moderate anemia and severe anemia as 58(14.5%). The rate of a positive test among pregnant women who‟s had an infection by h. pyloriwere 63% which is higher than those women with the negative test as 37% with a significant association were found between h. pylori infection and iron deficiency anemia (p=0.001). Also The rate of positive h.pylori infected among pregnant women those were live in urban area was 37% which is higher than those living in rural 16% and the rate of pregnant women that have gastric discomfort more among those women with positive h.pylori infected were 35% but the women with negative h.pylori infected 30% . but without any significant association of residency and gastric discomfort with h.pylori infected. Conclusion:Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection inpregnancy is more associated with iron deficiency anemia. Copy Right, IJAR, 2018,. All rights reserved.
High-resolution sparse ISAR imaging based on frequency-selective atomic norm minimization

ABSTRACT In practical inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging application, the data received by the radar is incomplete, which is called sparse aperture (SA) data. Sparse recovery (SR) theory can reconstruct unknown full aperture (FA) data from SA data by solving sparse optimization problems. The atomic norm minimization (ANM) solves the grid mismatch problem of the traditional SR theory effectively, but the imaging resolution is still limited. In this study, a sparse ISAR imaging method based on frequency-selective atomic norm minimization (FSANM) is proposed in this paper. The proposed method utilizes prior information to achieve frequency estimation within a given interval, effectively improving the resolution of the ANM method. The results of simulated and real data verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.
Use of a Simple Mechanical Analogy to Analytically Tune the PD Controller of a Flexible Manipulator System

A study is presented in this paper that uses a simple mechanical analogy to analytically tune the PD (proportional-derivative) controller of a linear flexible manipulator system. More specifically, the aim is to give simple closed-form solutions of the optimal P and D gains to yield the maximum bandwidth under a given damping requirement or conversely the maximum damping under a given bandwidth requirement. The idea of this study is based on the observation that the performance of the complete manipulator system is largely determined by the operational dynamics of the fundamental vibration mode. A lumped element method is thus applied to model this dynamics in terms of simple lumped mechanical elements. It subsequently turns out that the original servo control problem is analogous to a conventional Zener mount design problem, that is, mathematically, to optimize a third-order dynamic system consisting of the Zener model of a viscoelastic mount and an inertial object upon it. A design methodology is finally established to analytically determine the optimal elements of the mount, corresponding to the optimal control gains. Simulations and experiments were also conducted with a single-link flexible beam to support the model and the design methodology developed.
Overturning Pathways Control AMOC Weakening in CMIP6 Models

Future projections indicate the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) will weaken and shoal in response to global warming, but models disagree widely over the amount of weakening. We analyze projected AMOC weakening in 27 CMIP6 climate models, in terms of changes in three return pathways of the AMOC. The branch of the AMOC that returns through diffusive upwelling in the Indo‐Pacific, but does not later upwell in the Southern Ocean (SO), is particularly sensitive to warming, in part, because shallowing of the deep flow prevents it from entering the Indo‐Pacific via the SO. The present‐day strength of this Indo‐Pacific pathway provides a strong constraint on the projected AMOC weakening. However, estimates of this pathway using four observationally based methods imply a wide range of AMOC weakening under the SSP5‐8.5 scenario of 29%–61% by 2100. Our results suggest that improved observational constraints on this pathway would substantially reduce uncertainty in 21st century AMOC decline.
Development of a questionnaire on nutritional knowledge for the obese hospitalized patient: the NUTRIKOB questionnaire

Introduction Different approaches, involving different areas and figures, are useful for the rehabilitation of obese subjects through a multidisciplinary hospital path. A focal point of rehabilitation is represented by education on healthy eating by increasing the dietary knowledge patients. Few tools investigating food knowledge are available in Italy: therefore, the need has emerged to develop easy-to-use tools for clinical practice that allow to detect food knowledge to set up a more targeted food re-education. The following work aimed at building and validating a questionnaire capable of investigating the dietary knowledge of the population affected by obesity. Methods A pool of experts carried out a review of the literature, gathering all the information necessary to select and construct the best set of questions and the format of the final project of the questionnaire. During statistical analysis the validity, reproducibility and stability of the questionnaire were investigate in a sample of 450 subjects with obesity. Results Early analysis disclosed that 5 questions of the original questionnaire had no discriminating power. The successive validation phases were successful, confirming good content validity, stability and reproducibility over time. Discussion The questionnaire has all the characteristics to be considered a valid tool for investigating dietary knowledge in the obese population. The psychometric tests confirmed a good internal consistency of the structure, a validity of the content, a good reproducibility and stability over time.