Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Parental Education and Child Health: Evidence from a Natural Experiment in Taiwan

In 1968, the Taiwanese government extended compulsory education from six to nine years and opened over 150 new junior high schools at a differential rate among regions. Within each region, we exploit variations across cohorts in new junior high school openings to construct an instrument for schooling and employ it to estimate the causal effects of mother's or father's schooling on infant birth outcomes in the years 1978-1999. Parents' schooling does indeed cause favorable infant health outcomes. The increase in schooling associated with the reform saved almost 1 infant life in 1,000 live births. "The one social factor that researchers agree is consistently linked to longer lives in every country where it has been studied is education. It is more important than race; it obliterates any effects of income. " Gina Kolata, "A Surprising Secret to Long Life: Stay in School,"New York Times, January 3, 2007, p. 1.
Usual Source of Treatment in Northeast India

The northeast India comprises of eight states with great socio-cultural and geo-political diversity. The region is home of several ethnic groups, quite sensitive to illegal immigration and insurgency infected. Thus, an attempt is made to understand how the health seeking behavior varies under such diversity. For the study National Family Health Survey 2005-06 data have been used. Appropriate bi-variate and multi-variate statistical techniques have been applied to draw meaningful conclusions. In entire northeast India, the percentage of households who usually avail treatment from public healthcare centres is much higher than the national average. Dependence on public healthcare centres is highest in Mizoram and Sikkim, followed by Arunachal Pradesh, whereas it is lowest in the state of Nagaland. In all the states main reasons for usually not seeking treatment from public healthcare centres is ‘no facility nearby’, ‘poor quality of care’ and ‘long waiting time’.
Evidence of Financial Integration in Asia: an Empirical Application of Panel Unit Root Tests and Multivariate Cointegration and Causality Procedures

This paper measures the extent of financial integration and interdependence among Asian equity markets over the period January 1993 to June 2006 using daily data. The analysis includes three developed markets (Hong Kong, Japan and Singapore) and eight emerging markets (China, India, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan and Thailand). The study uses panel unit root tests to test for non-stationarity, and conducts multivariate cointegration, Granger causality and level VAR procedures and variance decomposition are conducted to examine the equilibrium and causal relationships between these markets. The results indicate that there is a stationary long-run equilibrium relationship among, and significant and substantial short and long-run causal linkages between, these Asian equity markets. This evidence suggests that a high level of financial integration currently exists in the Asian region, notwithstanding the absence of extensive formal regional agreements aimed at promoting financial integration as found elsewhere, especially in the European Union.
The Optimum Dietary Essential Amino Acid Pattern for Male Taiwan Country Chicks

The objective of this study was to estimate the optimum dietary essential amino acid pattern for male Taiwan country chicks. A series of experiments was conducted with chicks, 14 d of age, for 2 wks. A basal synthetic diet was established using a dose response test for all essential amino acids referring to the broiler requirements recommended by NRC (1994). Twelve chicks were sacrificed at the beginning to provide initial body nitrogen data, and every group of six birds received the basal diet or a diet with a deficiency in a single essential amino acid in twenty one treatments by intubation according to their daily metabolic body weight (MBW). Deposited body nitrogen was determined using comparative slaughtering. According to the daily intake from the limiting amino acid per unit of MBW and the body nitrogen accretion rates for every two deficient groups with the same limiting amino acid but at different levels, a corresponding straight line was computed for each essential amino acid to intersect with a horizontal line made by the body nitrogen accretion rate of the control group. The x coordinate of the intersection represented the daily requirement for growth plus maintenance based on MBW corresponding to the essential amino acid. The amino acid ratios can be considered as the optimum pattern of dietary essential amino acids. The results, expressed with respect to lysine = 100, were arginine 105, methionine 81, histidine 34, tryptophan 18, leucine 103, phenylalanine 135, isoleucine 69, threonine 65 and valine 79. This pattern could be utilized to compute the dietary requirements (g/kg feed) for all essential amino acids by multiplying by the requirement of a single essential amino acid cited from the literature.
Larval Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) as sub-surface current bio-tracers on the East Asia continental shelf

Larval Japanese eel (leptocephali) are passively transported from their spawning sites of the North Equatorial Current to the Kuroshio and its branch waters for 4–6 months before reaching the East Asian coasts. The larvae mainly stay within water depths between 50–150 m. The dispersal dynamics of larvae thus should reflect the sub-surface oceanic currents on the East Asia continental shelf. An analysis of Japanese glass eel catch data in East Asian countries during 1985 to 2009, and for Taiwan from 1968 to 2008, indicates that the overall annual catch is generally correlated across countries of East Asia, and between north and west areas of Taiwan. The Kuroshio and its branch waters disperse glass eels throughout East Asian habitats, and the glass eel distribution matches the flow directionality of oceanic currents. Recruitment in western Taiwan occurs with a sequential southwestern to northwestern direction, suggesting that the Taiwan Strait Current penetrates the western coast of Taiwan in the sub-surface layer in winter. The monthly averaged sub-surface 50 m circulation pattern in the vicinity of Taiwan and modeled tracer experiments also support the northward winter sub-surface current in Taiwan Strait. These results suggest that the larval Japanese eel could serve as a valuable bio-tracer of sub-surface currents, and the earlier recruitment dynamics of Japanese glass eels in Taiwan could be a good predictor for the subsequent catch in other East Asia areas.
#CommunicationSoWhite: Race and Power in the Academy and Beyond

The debates and critiques of #CommunicationSoWhite have arisen as responses to troubling academic and political contexts, which are complexly intertwined. We are in the midst of widespread expansion and ascendance of white supremacy globally, as disturbingly evident in the trajectories, rhetoric, and actions of Donald Trump in the United States, the United Kingdom's Boris Johnson, and the Golden Dawn in Greece, alongside the growing power of right-wing and authoritarian regimes more generally: China under Xi, India under Modi, Brazil under Bolsonaro, and others. At this moment of such cultural and political crises, a critical mass of scholars, recognizing the centrality of media and communication in facilitating.
Prevalence and characteristics of neuropathy in carcinoma colon patients on FOLFOX4 therapy

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in men and the second in women worldwide. The burden of colorectal cancer has risen rapidly in economically developed asian countries.Radical surgical resection is the main treatment of colorectal carcinoma. FOLFOX 4 is best first line treatment regime for colorectal carcinoma. Peripheral neuropathy is the important side effect of FOLFOX 4 regime.The aim of this study is to study the prevalence and characteristics of neuropathy in carcinoma colon patients on FOLFOX 4 therapy. Subjects and Methods: 60 patients of colorectal carcinoma on FOLFOX 4 therapy were included in the study. Out of 60, 46 patients agreed for participation in the study after taking informed consent.All patients were questioned about symptoms General physical examination was carried out along with detailed neurological examination. Neurological examination also included modified total neuropathy score. Analysis was done on basis of symptoms, signs and modified total neuropathy score. Nerve conduction velocity study (total neuropathy score) was used only if the patient was willing for the test. Analysis was done at start of FOLFOX 4 chemotherapy, after 6 cycles and 12 cycles respectfully. Results: Among the 46 cases 25 were males (54.34%) and 21 were females (45.65%). Of a total of forty six patients peripheral neuropathy was diagnosed in twenty six patients based on modified neuropathy score hence the prevalence of neuropathy was found to be 56.52%. Amongst motor symptoms, symptoms related to hand dexterity were commonly observed (n=4, 15.38%) followed by foot walking (n=2, 7.68%). Conclusion: Neuropathy was more common in females. Sensory neuropathy was more than mixed and motor neuropathy.Tingling was most common. Most patients had mild grade of neuropathy.
Chords of longest circuits of graphs

Xuechao Li Adviser: Dr. Cun-Quan Zhang This thesis is on a long standing open conjecture proposed by one of the most prominent mathematicians, Dr. C. Thomassen, Every longest circuit of 3-connected graph has a chord. In 1987, C. Q. Zhang proved that every longest circuit of a 3-connected planar graph G has a chord if G is cubic or if the minimun degree is at least 4. In 1997, Carsten Thomassen proved that every longest circuit of 3-connected cubic graph has a chord. In this dissertation, we prove the following three independent partial results: (1) Every longest circuit of a 3-connected graph embedded in a projective plane with minimun degree is at least has a chord ( Theorem 2.3.1). (2) Every longest circuit of a 3-connected cubic graph has at least two chords. Furthermore if the graph is also a planar, then every longest circuit has at least three chords (Theorem 3.2.6, 3.2.7). (3) Every longest circuit of a 4-connected graph embedded in a torus or Klein bottle has a chord. We get these three independent results with three totally di®erent approaches: Connectivity (Tutte circuit), second Hamilton circuit, and charge and discharge methods.
A field effort to capture critically endangered vaquitas Phocoena sinus for protection from entanglement in illegal gillnets

: In 2017 an emergency field effort was undertaken in an attempt to prevent the extinction of the world’s most endangered marine mammal, the vaquita Phocoena sinus . The rescue effort involved 90 experts from 9 countries and cost US$ 5 million. Following a long decline due to entanglement in legal gillnet fisheries, the vaquita population had fallen from more than 200 to fewer than 30 individuals from 2008 to 2016, due to entanglement in an illegal gillnet fishery that supplies swim bladders of the endangered totoaba Totoaba macdonaldi to Chinese black markets. An emergency ban of gillnets and increased enforcement failed to slow the decline, triggering an emergency effort to catch vaquitas and place them under protection in captivity. Two animals were targeted and captured using light gill nets; a juvenile was released 4 h later because it appeared stressed, and an adult female died of capture myopathy. The program was suspended because of the risk of additional mortalities to the population. The lack of success in capturing vaquitas for temporary protection emphasizes the need to improve our understanding of the effects of chase, capture, handling and enclosure on cetaceans, and to consider intervention before populations reach critically low levels, when there is sufficient time to use phased, precautionary approaches. Furthermore, conservation approaches focused on single species must be integrated into broader efforts to conserve ecosystems and involve the human communities that depend on them.
Czech and Slovak Federative Republic: Consolidation Bank (KOB)

Following the disintegration of the Soviet Union and subsequent Velvet Revolution in 1989, the former Czech and Slovak Federative Republic (CSFR) began the complex transition from a centrally controlled command economy to a market-based economy. The transition necessitated the removal of non-performing loans from state-owned banks’ balance sheets, a task assigned by the Ministry of Finance to the newly formed Consolidation Bank (Konsolidační Banka, hereafter “KOB”). Established on February 25, 1991, the KOB was specifically mandated to acquire and restructure what were known as “TOZ” loans, unsecured debt with no amortization schedules and unsustainably high interest rates. The KOB used funds from the State Bank of Czechoslovakia to acquire CZK 125 billion (approximately $4.2 billion, or about 10% of GDP) in TOZ loans from four state-owned banks. The purchase was made at 80% of the loans’ nominal value. In 1993, upon Czechoslovakia’s split into two sovereign nations, the KOB’s loan portfolio and operations were divided between the Consolidation Bank Prague (CBP) and Consolidation Bank Bratislava. Although the CBP took over the management of the bad loan portfolio, it also engaged in many other commercial banking activities. The Ministry of Finance of the Czech Republic therefore decided in 2001 to create the Czech Consolidation Agency (CCA) to handle both the TOZ loans and other bad debt that had been accumulated throughout the economic transition period. After significantly reducing its assets under management through block sales of receivables, the CCA ceased operations on December 31, 2007, transferring the CZK 17.2 billion remaining on its balance sheet to the Ministry of Finance.
China's Energy Security : National Security, Ecological Balance and Regional Co-operation

This paper analyzes both global and regional approaches to solving problems of energy security and ecological imbalance by addressing specifically the problems of China's energy security. PRC's growing energy dependence has become a major concern for both economic and national security policymakers in that country. The ambitious goal of modernization of the economy along the lines of the other newly industrialized economies(NIEs) of Asia has succeeded only too well, and it is difficult to reorient economic priorities. If examined rigorously, such an economic strategic assumption can be seen to entail the goal of creating further technological capabilities. In particular, China seems to be firmly committed to the creation of a largely self-sustaining innovation system as part of a knowledge-based economy of the future. Such innovation systems, called positive feedback loop innovation systems or POLIS have been created by advanced countries, and NIEs such as South Korea and Taiwan are proceeding to create these as well. But this will add to its energy burden and further dependence on the US as the power which controls the key sea lanes. Only a strategic reorientation to building a self-sustaining POLIS and appropriate regional cooperation institutions can lead to the way out of the current dilemma for China.
Associations among teacher-student interpersonal relationships and students’ intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and academic achievement: A cross cultural study

This cross cultural study explored associations among teacher-student relationship, students’ intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, and students’ academic achievement in grade 5 and 6 students from Vancouver, Canada (n = 102) and Hong Kong, China (n = 207). Hong Kong students perceived their teachers to be more dissatisfied, strict, admonishing, and uncertain, while Vancouver students perceived their teachers to be more helpful and friendly. Students’ levels of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation did not differ across cultures. Student intrinsic motivation positively correlated with positive teacher-student relationship subscales, and negatively correlated with teacher’s perceived dissatisfaction in both Vancouver and Hong Kong. Vancouver students’ extrinsic motivation was not significantly correlated with any teacher-student relationship subscales whereas Hong Kong students’ extrinsic motivation was significantly and positively correlated with positive teacher-student relationship subscales. Students’ academic achievement was positively correlated with positive teacher-student relationships subscales in both cultures, negatively correlated with teacher’s uncertainty in Hong Kong and positively correlated with student’s intrinsic motivation in both the Vancouver and Hong Kong samp les. Achievement was not significantly correlated with extrinsic motivation in either sample. Culture did not moderate the association between i) teacher-student relationships and achievement, ii) motivation and achievement, iii) teacher-student relationships and extrinsic motivation, or iv) teacher-student relationships and intrinsic motivation.
Empirical Study of Capital Flight in Indonesia 2009-2017 Period

The phenomenon of capital flight is triggered by two biggest financial scandals, Panama Papers, and Paradise Papers. The impacts of this phenomenon can erode the tax base and contribute to the distribution of income from developing countries to developed countries. Therefore, the purpose of this study is learning of Indonesia's capital flight and analyzing more deeply the causes of capital flight for the Indonesian economy in the period 2009 until 2017. The data used in this research is secondary data from BI, BPS, and OECD. The independent variables are the budget deficit ratio, economic growth, inflation, exchange rate growth, and dummy sovereign rating. The measurement of capital flight in this research uses residual approach, while the estimation techniques use Ordinary Least Squares (OLS). Empirical results of this research conclude that the amount of capital flight in Indonesia increased quite rapidly since the first quarter of 2009 until the second quarter of 2011 compared to next periods. Furthermore, macroeconomic factors used as independent variables are not strong enough to explain capital flight in Indonesia.
Taxonomic revision of the Australian species of Australatya Chace 1983 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Atyidae), and the description of a new species.

A morphological and genetic study of both newly collected and museum specimens of the east Australian freshwater shrimp genus Australatya indicates two genotypes and three morphotypes are present. One genotype and morphotype were of the known species, Australatya striolata (McCulloch McNeill 1923). The second genotype, comprising two morphotypes, is now described as a new species, Australatya hawkei sp. nov. All Australian Australatya species and morphotypes currently have allopatric distributions. Australatya striolata is widespread along the south-eastern Australian seaboard, from Genoa River in Victoria to the Sunshine Coast in Queensland. The 'southern' morphotype of Australatya hawkei sp. nov. occurs in north Queensland, from near Mackay to about Cooktown, and its 'northern' morphotype is found on Cape York Peninsula, north from about Coen to the Iron Range, just north of Lockhart River. The once monotypic genus now includes two Australian species, Australatya striolata and A. hawkei sp. nov., and a third, A. obscura, recently described from Japan, Taiwan, and the Philippines.
Rodent outbreak in relation to bamboo flowering in north-eastern region of India

Rodent outbreaks have been recorded in the north-eastern hill region of India since time immemorial. This study was carried out in Arunachal Pradesh where rodent outbreaks are associated with Dendrocalamus hamiltonii, Dendrocalamus strictus, Bambusa tulda, Bambusa balcoa and Schizostachyum arunachalensis. Four species of rodents are reported in the flowering area of which Rattus rattus is predominant and causes greatest damage to many crops. The greatest damage recorded in rice ranged from 12.9% to 15.4% in the bamboo flowering year, whereas it was 5.3% to 5.8% in the non-flowering year. Higher levels of damage were also observed in maize, pineapple, cabbage, French bean, potato, tomato and tapioca in bamboo flowering affected area than in other areas. Live burrows count, trap index and percent damage revealed that in bamboo flowering areas, the rodent population was significantly increased. The comparison of nutrient content of bamboo seeds and other food materials suggested that higher carbohydrate content of the bamboo seeds triggered the active behaviour of rodents. Damage was caused only to those crops which are a very good source of carbohydrate. The cumulative effects of rainfall, flowering season, hunting of predatory animals or birds and geographical barriers might be responsible for the outbreak of rodents. The study also explains why every flowering season does not result in a rodent outbreak of the same severity.
Hydatothrips and Neohydatothrips (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) of East and South Asia with three new species from Taiwan

The tribe Sericothripini is divided into three genera, Sericothrips Haliday, Hydatothrips Karny and Neohydatothrips John. The genera Corcithrips Bhatti, Faureana Bhatti, Pyrothrips Bhatti, Sariathrips Bhatti and Zonothrips Priesner are considered new synonyms of Hydatothrips. The genera Elbuthrips Bhatti and Kazinothrips Bhatti are considered new synonyms of Neohydatothrips. Keys to the 23 species of Hydatothrips and 16 species of Neohydatothrips in East and South Asia, including Taiwan, China, Korea, Japan, India, Malaysia and the neighboring areas are given. Neohydatothrips pectinarius Kudo is a new synonym of N. medius Wang, N. populi Han is new synonym of N. elaeagni Kudo, and Z. luridus Ananthakrishnan is a new synonym of N. plynopygus (Karny). This paper describes three new species from Taiwan, H. flavidus, H. meriposa, and N. surrufus, and records from Taiwan for the first time the following four species: N. gracilipes Hood, N. plynopygus (Karny), N. samayunkur Kudo and N. tabulifer (Priesner).
Ácido ascórbico, eritorbato e mistura comercialna redução da oxidação de hambúrguer bovino processado com água ozonizada.

O uso do ozonio nos alimentos reduz a carga de microrganismos e esporos, em niveis que dependem da sua forma de aplicacao e de sua concentracao. A grande vantagem de seu uso perante outros agentes sanitizantes e que o ozonio age diretamente na parede celular, causando sua ruptura e morte em menor tempo de contato, inviabilizando a recuperacao dos microrganismos apos o ataque, alem de nao deixar residual quimico nos alimentos. Porem praticamente inexistem dados sobre a acao do ozonio sobre os lipideos presentes nos alimentos. Neste estudo objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da ozonizacao sobre os acidos graxos e o colesterol em hamburguer bovino elaborado com os antioxidantes acido ascorbico, eritorbato de sodio e mistura de acido citrico e eritorbato de sodio. Apos o processamento e durante o periodo de estocagem sob congelamento, foram realizadas as analises do perfil de acidos graxos, e da acidez, pH, acido tiobarbiturico, indice de peroxidos, colesterol e oxidos de colesterol. A adicao de 0,6 ppm de ozonio na formulacao de hamburgueres causou oxidacao nos seus acidos graxos, aumentando a proporcao de acidos graxos saturados. Porem, os resultados de TBARS, mesmo sendo mais altos para a amostra com ozonio, ficaram abaixo do limite recomendado para amostras oxidadas. O ozonio nao esteve associado a presenca dos oxidos 7b-Hidroxicolesterol e de 7a-hidroxicolesterol nos hamburgueres , mas esteve associado a presenca do 7-cetocolesterol. No entanto, esse valor, quando comparado com os citados na literatura encontrados em alimentos, e considerado baixo.