Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Digital analysis of tooth sizes among individuals with different malocclusions: A study using three-dimensional digital dental models

Objective: It is aimed to examine the tooth sizes of digital models of patients with different malocclusions with the help of three-dimensional measurement software. Methods: Digital models of 252 patients aged between 13 and 25 years of age were included. According to the Angle classification, three different malocclusion groups were allocated such that there were 84 patients in each group, plaster models of patients scanned with the three-dimensional model browser 3Shape R700 3D Scanner (3Shape A/S Copenhagen, Denmark) and transferred to the digital format. 3Shape Ortho Analyzer (3Shape A/S Copenhagen, Denmark) software was used for making the necessary tooth size measurements. Results: When the measurements were evaluated, it was determined that significant changes occurred between tooth sizes of individuals with different malocclusions. Generally, higher values were observed in mesiodistal and buccolingual tooth dimensions of class II individuals compared to other groups. There was no difference between the groups in the anterior ratio values, but when the overall ratio values were evaluated among the groups, a statistically significant difference was determined. Class II malocclusion group was found to have a significantly lower overall ratio of occurrence. Conclusion: Individuals with different malocclusions differ in tooth size.
Psychological Distress and Coping among Caregivers of Patient with Mental Disorder: A hospital based cross sectional study

Background: Caregivers of mentally ill patient are at risk of being subjected to psychological distress as they routinely provide assistance and supervision to their mentally ill relatives. Caring mentally ill relatives is a huge responsibility which demands a lot of time. Ill relatives require not only physical help but also emotional support. The study aimed to find out the psychological distress and coping strategies among caregivers of patient with mental illness. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at department of Psychiatry Kathmandu Medical College, Nepal from December 30, 2019 to April 30, 2020. One hundred and eighty-five participants were chosen purposively. Face to face interview was conducted using standard tools (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale and Brief Cope Scale). Results: Among 185 caregivers 81.6% showed no sign of psychological distress whereas 18.4% showed mild to severe psychological distress. Caregivers used approach coping strategies 32.7±5.48 over avoidance coping strategies 19.88±3.79. There is moderately positive correlation (r=0.45) between psychological distress and avoidance coping strategies and this correlation is statistically significant (p=0.01). As the psychological distress increases caregivers used avoidance coping mechanism. Conclusion: Caregivers faced mild to severe psychological distress while providing care to mentally ill relatives thus use of various coping strategies like informational support, active coping, religion helped to reduce the distress.
A Martini Coarse Grained Model of Citrate-Capped Gold Nanoparticles Interacting with Lipid Bilayers

Citrate capping is one of the most common strategies to achieve the colloidal stability of Au nanoparticles (NPs) with diameters ranging from a few to hundreds of nanometers. Citrate-capped Au nanoparticles (CNPs) represent a step of the synthesis of Au NPs with specific functionalities, as CNPs can be further functionalized via ligand-exchange reactions, leading to the replacement of citrate with other organic ligands. In vitro, CNPs are also used to address the fundamental aspects of NP–membrane interactions, as they can directly interact with cells or model cell membranes. Their affinity for the bilayer is again mediated by the exchange of citrate with lipid molecules. Here, we propose a new computational model of CNPs compatible with the coarse grained Martini force field. The model, which we develop and validate through an extensive comparison with new all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and UV–vis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy data, is aimed at the MD simulation of the interaction between citrate-capped NPs and model phosphatidylcholine lipid membranes. As a test application we show that, during the interaction between a single CNP and a flat planar 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine bilayer, the citrate coating is spontaneously replaced by lipids on the surface of Au NPs, while the NP size and shape determine the final structural configuration of the NP–bilayer complex.
Modulação da Produção de Lactato por Células de Schwann Infectadas pelo Mycobacterium leprae e sua Implicação na Neuropatia Hansênica

Leprosy is characterized as a chronic infectious contagious disease with disabling potential, the etiologic agent of which is Mycobacterium leprae. The bacillus is the only bacterium capable of infecting the peripheral nervous system, mainly affecting macrophages and Schwann cells, generating segmental demyelination and axonal loss. Until now, the nerve damage is a result of M. leprae infection to the neural parenchyma, which leads to recruitment of polymorphonuclear cells and subsequent neuritis. Research in recent years has suggested that lactate from glial cells may be crucial for supporting axonal function. Lactate is a product of anaerobic glycolysis and plays an important role in axonal metabolism, being exported by the Schwann cells to the axons through specific transporters, where it\2019s then metabolized, representing the main source of axonal energy. In the present study, the reduction of lactate release by M. leprae-infected Schwann cells was observed and, despite this reduction, infected cells overexpressed monocarboxylate (MCT) transporters. In addition, addition of infected Schwann cell supernatants in cultures of primary neurons demonstrated a visible neurotoxic effect Through the use of 6-ANAM, a specific inhibitor of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the main enzyme in the pentoses phosphate pathway, we found that lactate release by infected Schwann cells is restored and the viability of M. leprae decrease. Preliminary analyzes of the carbon flux have shown great incorporation of carbon from the phosphate pentose pathway into essential amino acids in cells infected by the bacillus. Finally, inhibition of the pentoses pathway partially reversed the neurotoxic effect present in media conditioned by infected Schwann cells. Thus, modulation of energy metabolism of the host cell may represent a new mechanism of axonal insult related to M. leprae infection, the phosphate pentoses pathway being an extremely important route for the viability of the bacillus, and therefore, a target in Potential for the development of new therapeutic tools for the control of leprosy and neuropathy associated with this disease
Single document summarisation based on Grey Wolf Optimisation

The amazing growth of online services has caused an information explosion issue. Text summarisation is condensing the text into a small version and preserving its overall concept. Text summarisation is an important way to extract significant information from documents and offer that information to the user in an abbreviated form while preserving its major content. For human beings, it is very difficult to summarise large documents. To do this, this paper uses some sentence features and word features. These features assign scores to all the sentences. In this paper, we combine these features by Grey Wolf Optimiser (GWO). Optimisation of features gives better results than using individual features. This is the first attempt to show the performance of GWO for Persian text summarisation. The proposed method is compared with the genetic algorithm and the evolutionary strategy. The results show that our model will be useful in this research area.
Serum microRNAs catalog asthmatic patients by phenotype.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition of the airways with a complex pathophysiology. Stratification of asthma subtypes into phenotypes and endotypes should move the field forward, making treatment more effective and personalized. Eosinophils are the key inflammatory cells involved in severe eosinophilic asthma. Due to the health threat posed by eosinophilic asthma, there is a need for reliable biomarkers to identify patients and treat them properly with novel biologics. A promising tool for diagnosis are microRNAs (miRNAs). Objective: The aim of this study was to find serum miRNAs that can phenotype asthmatic patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Serum miRNAs of eosinophilic (N=40) and non-eosinophilic (N=36) asthmatic individuals were evaluated by next-generation sequencing (NGS), specifically miRNAs-seq, and selected miRNAs were validated by RT-qPCR. Pathways enrichment analysis of deregulated miRNAs was performed. RESULTS NGS analysis revealed 15 differentially expressed miRNAs between eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic asthmatic patients, while did not show differences in the miRNome between atopic and non-atopic asthmatic individuals. Of the 15 differentially expressed miRNAs between eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic asthmatics, hsa-miR-26a-1-3p and hsa-miR-376a-3p were validated by RT-qPCR. Expression levels of these two miRNAs were higher in eosinophilic than in non-eosinophilic asthmatics. Furthermore, expression values of hsa-miR-26a-1-3p inversely correlated with peripheral blood eosinophil count and hsa-miR-376a-3p expression values with FeNO values and exacerbations number. Additionally, in silico pathway enrichment analysis revealed that these two miRNAs regulate signaling pathways related with asthma pathogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Hsa-miR-26a-1-3p and hsa-miR-376a-3p could be used to distinguish eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic asthmatic patients.
EFFECT OF PROTEIN TYPE AND SUGAR TYPE ON CHOCHOLATE PROPERTIES

This research aimed to investigate the effect of protein types (soy milk powder and skim milk powder) and sugar types (stevia and sucrose) on sensory properties of chocolate candy. The appropriate level of protein and sugar were also expected. The research performed using factorial randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. Factors namely ratio of protein type (soy milk powder, skim milk powder) and the ratio of sugar type (sucrose, stevia) were applied. Organoleptic response variables included taste, flavor, texture, and aftertaste were conducted using a hedonic test on 30 panelists. The results indicated that chocolate candy made from the ratio of soy milk with skim milk 0:1 and the ratio of sucrose and stevia of 1:1 gave the highest value of the organoleptic test. Proximate analysis showed the chocolate candy 11.05% fat, 13.44% protein, 25.28% carbohydrate, and water content of 1.17% and has a toughness test value of 1.23 mm/sec/100gram. This study revealed that alternative sugar (stevia) can be used in chocolate candy making and is expected to reduce calories contained on chocolate candy.
Objective Improvement After Frenotomy for Posterior Tongue-Tie: A Prospective Randomized Trial

Objective Infants with posterior tongue-tie (PTT) can have substantial difficulty with breastfeeding and bottle-feeding. This study aimed to address the dearth in investigational objective data surrounding PTT release to better quantify the postoperative impacts of frenotomy for ankyloglossia. Study Design Prospective randomized, controlled trial. Setting Private practice clinic. Methods In a prospective, randomized controlled trial, infants 3 to 16 weeks of age with PTT undergoing frenotomy were examined using a bottle-feeding system capable of objectively measuring tongue function. Validated patient-reported outcome measures were also obtained simultaneously. Results Forty-seven infants with PTT were enrolled into an observational/control arm (n = 23) or interventional/surgical treatment arm (n = 24). The total cohort consisted of 29 (61.7%) male infants with a median age of 39 days. At the day 10 time point, the interventional arm demonstrated statistically significant improvement in 11 objectively obtained feeding metrics, indicating faster tongue speed, more rhythmic and coordinated sucking motions, and a tongue more capable of adapting to varying feeding demands. Significant improvement in breastfeeding self-efficacy was reported in the interventional group while poor self-confidence persisted in the observational group. Infant reflux symptoms improved in the interventional group while not in the control group. Nipple pain also persisted in the control group but improved in the surgical cohort. Conclusions When measured 10 days after frenotomy for PTT, infants improve feeding parameters using an objective bottle-feeding system. Similar improvements are seen with patient-reported outcomes when PTT is released. Posterior tongue-tie is a valid clinical concern, and surgical release can improve infant and maternal symptoms.
Pharmacological inhibition of BAG3‐HSP70 with the proposed cancer therapeutic JG‐98 is toxic for cardiomyocytes

The co‐chaperone Bcl2‐associated athanogene‐3 (BAG3) maintains cellular protein quality control through the regulation of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). Cancer cells manipulate BAG3‐HSP70‐regulated pathways for tumor initiation and proliferation, which has led to the development of promising small molecule therapies, such as JG‐98, which inhibit the BAG3‐HSP70 interaction and mitigate tumor growth. However, it is not known how these broad therapies impact cardiomyocytes, where the BAG3‐HSP70 complex is a key regulator of protein turnover and contractility. Here, we show that JG‐98 exposure is toxic in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs). Using immunofluorescence microscopy to assess cell death, we found that apoptosis increased in NRVMs treated with JG‐98 doses as low as 10 nM. JG‐98 treatment also reduced autophagy flux and altered expression of BAG3 and several binding partners involved in BAG3‐dependent autophagy, including SYNPO2 and HSPB8. We next assessed protein half‐life with disruption of the BAG3‐HSP70 complex by treating with JG‐98 in the presence of cycloheximide and found BAG3, HSPB5, and HSPB8 half‐lives were reduced, indicating that complex formation with HSP70 is important for their stability. Next, we assessed sarcomere structure using super‐resolution microscopy and found that disrupting the interaction with HSP70 leads to sarcomere structural disintegration. To determine whether the effects of JG‐98 could be mitigated by pharmacological autophagy induction, we cotreated NRVMs with rapamycin, which partially reduced the extent of apoptosis and sarcomere disarray. Finally, we investigated whether the effects of JG‐98 extended to skeletal myocytes using C2C12 myotubes and found again increased apoptosis and reduced autophagic flux. Together, our data suggest that nonspecific targeting of the BAG3‐HSP70 complex to treat cancer may be detrimental for cardiac and skeletal myocytes.
Statistical Analysis of Locally Parameterized Shapes

Abstract In statistical shape analysis, the establishment of correspondence and defining shape representation are crucial steps for hypothesis testing to detect and explain local dissimilarities between two groups of objects. Most commonly used shape representations are based on object properties that are either extrinsic or noninvariant to rigid transformation. Shape analysis based on noninvariant properties is biased because the act of alignment is necessary, and shape analysis based on extrinsic properties could be misleading. Besides, a mathematical explanation of the type of dissimilarity, for example, bending, twisting, stretching, etc., is desirable. This work proposes a novel hierarchical shape representation based on invariant and intrinsic properties to detect and explain locational dissimilarities by using local coordinate systems. The proposed shape representation is also superior for shape deformation and simulation. The power of the method is demonstrated on the hypothesis testing of simulated data as well as the left hippocampi of patients with Parkinson’s disease and controls. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Augmented Memory Computing: Dynamically Augmented SRAM Storage for Data Intensive Applications

In this paper, we propose a novel memory-centric scheme based on CMOS SRAM for acceleration of data intensive applications. Our proposal aims at dynamically increasing the on-chip memory storage capacity of SRAM arrays on-demand. The proposed scheme called - Augmented Memory Computing allows an SRAM cell to operate in two different modes 1) the Normal mode and 2) the Augmented mode. In the Normal mode of operation, the SRAM cell functions like a standard 6 transistor (6T) SRAM cell, storing one bit of data in static format. While in the Augmented mode, each SRAM cell can store>1 bit of data (in a dynamic fashion). Specifically, we propose two novel SRAM cells - an 8 transistor (8T) dual bit storage augmented cell and a 7 transistor (7T) ternary bit storage augmented cell. The proposed 8T dual bit SRAM cell when operated in the Augmented mode, can store a static bit of data while also, simultaneously, storing another bit in a dynamic form. Thus, when operated in Augmented mode, the 8T SRAM cell can store two bits of data - one SRAM-like data and one DRAM-like data, thereby increasing or augmenting the memory storage capacity. On the other hand, the proposed 7T ternary bit storage augmented cell can either store a single SRAM data in Normal mode or can be configured to operate in Augmented mode, wherein it can store ternary data (3 levels (0,0), (0,1), (1,0)) in a dynamic manner. Thus, based on the mode of operation, the proposed augmented memory bit-cells can either store one static bit of data or>1 bit of data in a dynamic format. We show the feasibility of our proposed bit-cells through extensive simulations at Globalfoundries 22nm FDX node. It is worth mentioning, the novel scheme of augmented memory bit-cells can be seamlessly combined with existing in-memory computing approaches for added energy and throughput benefits.
First-Principles Prediction of Pressure Dependent Mechanical, Electronic, Optical, and Superconducting State Properties of NaC6: A Potential High-Tc Superconductor

Very recently carbon-rich NaC6 with sodalite-like structure has been predicted to show high superconducting transition temperature above 100 K at relatively low applied (compared to high-Tc hydrides) hydrostatic pressures. We have investigated the pressure dependent structural, elastic, electronic, superconducting state, and optoelectronic properties of NaC6 in this study. Some important thermophysical properties have also been explored. The elastic properties along with Poisson’s and Pugh’s ratios and optoelectronic parameters are investigated for the first time. NaC6 was found to be structurally stable only at high pressures at and above 40 GPa, in agreement with previous study. The compound is highly ductile and the chemical bonding is prominently metallic in nature. The Debye temperature shows strong pressure dependence. The Grüneisen parameter also exhibits significant pressure dependence. The electronic band structure reveals metallic character and consists of highly dispersive and almost flat bands crossing the Fermi level. Both the electronic density of states at the Fermi level and repulsive Coulomb pseudopotential increase gradually with increasing pressure in the range 40 GPa to 70 GPa. The degree of dispersion in the E(k) curves depend weakly on pressure both in the valence and conduction bands. The optical parameters spectra, studied for the first time, correspond well with the electronic band structure. NaC6 absorbs and reflects electromagnetic radiation quite efficiently in the mid-ultraviolet region. Superconducting transition temperatures of NaC6 have been estimated at different pressures and compared with previously reported values. The effects of various parameters on Tc have been discussed in details.
D EEP G ENERATIVE M ODELS (P ART 2)

Traditional neural networks implement a deterministic transformation of some input variables x. When developing generative models, we often wish to extend neural networks to implement stochastic transformations of x. One straightforward way to do this is to augment the neural network with extra inputs z that are sampled from some simple probability distribution, such as a uniform or Gaussian distribution. The neural network can then continue to perform deterministic computation internally, but the function f(x, z) will appear stochastic to an observer who does not have access to z.
Refinement of Hottopixx and its Postprocessing

Hottopixx, proposed by Bittorf et al. at NIPS 2012, is an algorithm for solving nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) problems under the separability assumption. Separable NMFs have important applications, such as topic extraction from documents and unmixing of hyperspectral images. In such applications, the robustness of the algorithm to noise is the key to the success. Hottopixx has been shown to be robust to noise, and its robustness can be further enhanced through postprocessing. However, there is a drawback. Hottopixx and its postprocessing require us to estimate the noise level involved in the matrix we want to factorize before running, since they use it as part of the input data. The noise-level estimation is not an easy task. In this paper, we overcome this drawback. We present a reﬁnement of Hottopixx and its postprocessing that runs without prior knowledge of the noise level. We show that the reﬁnement has almost the same robustness to noise as the original algorithm.
Application of bootstrap to a 
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 term

Recently, novel numerical computation on quantum mechanics by using a bootstrap method was proposed by Han, Hartnoll, and Kruthoff. We consider whether this method works in systems with a $\theta$-term, where the standard Monte-Carlo computation may fail due to the sign problem. As a starting point, we study quantum mechanics of a charged particle on a circle in which a constant gauge potential is a counterpart of a $\theta$-term. We find that it is hard to determine physical quantities as functions of $\theta$ such as $E(\theta)$, except at $\theta=0$ and $\pi$. On the other hand, the correlations among observables for energy eigenstates are correctly reproduced for any $\theta$. Our results suggest that the bootstrap method may work not perfectly but sufficiently well, even if a $\theta$-term exists in the system.
A typology of personalisation practices in marketing in the digital age

ABSTRACT One reflection of the digital age is creating personalised experiences in different ways by collecting and processing personal level information about individuals. Understanding and explaining this process can be beneficial both for marketing researchers and practitioners. This study aims to review and integrate decades of research on personalisation and practical applications in marketing to provide a comprehensive classification system for such personalisation. In this context, personalisation studies and practices are examined using two different approaches: the first based on the methods and modes of communication and the second based on the type of information being presented. Determined methods and modes of communication include self-reference, anthropomorphism, and system characteristics. The types of information presented in this study are individual-level, social-level, and situation-based. Based on our typology of personalisation, we discuss the topic using the extant literature and offer contributions, limitations, and suggestions for further research.