Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of magnetic induction in a steel-cored conductor on current distribution, resistance and power loss

The presence of a steel core in the commonly used aluminum conductor, steel reinforced (ACSR) on overhead transmission lines causes an increase in the AC resistance of the conductor, as a result of the magnetic induction in the core. This induction, which is higher with an odd number of aluminum layers, causes hysteresis and eddy current power losses in the steel, and a redistribution of current in the layers of aluminum wires. The effects of the total current in the conductor and the temperature of the steel core on the current distribution, the AC/DC resistance ratio and the power loss are determined for a Grackle conductor with three layers of aluminum wires. It is shown that the resistance ratio and the power loss can be significantly reduced at higher currents by careful design of the lay length (pitch) of each layer of aluminum wires.
Lomens-P0 (mixed extracts of Hordeum vulgare and Chrysanthemum zawadskii) regulate the expression of factors affecting premenstrual syndrome symptoms

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a disorder characterized by repeated emotional, behavioral, and physical symptoms before menstruation, and the exact cause and mechanism are uncertain. Hyperprolactinemia interferes with the normal production of estrogen and progesterone, leading to PMS symptoms. Thus, we judged that the inhibition of prolactin hypersecretion could mitigate PMS symptoms. MATERIALS/METHODS Hordeum vulgare L. extract (HVE), Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum extract (CZE), and Lomens-P0 the mixture of these extracts were tested in subsequent experiments. The effect of extracts on prolactin secretion at the in vitro level was measured in GH3 cells. Nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory mediator expression were measured in RAW 264.7 cells to confirm the anti-inflammatory effect. Also, the hyperprolactinemic Institute for Cancer Research (ICR) mice model was used to measure extract effects on prolactin and hormone secretion and uterine inflammation. RESULTS Anti-inflammatory effects of and prolactin secretion suppress by HVE and CZE were confirmed through in vitro experiments (P < 0.05). Treatment with Lomens-P0 inhibited prolactin secretion (P < 0.05) and restored normal sex hormone secretion in the hyperprolactinemia mice model. In addition, extracts significantly inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory biomarkers, including interleukin-1β, and -6, tumor necrosis factor-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase-2 (P < 0.01). We used high-performance liquid chromatography analyses to identify tricin and chlorogenic acid as the respective components of HVE and CZE that inhibit prolactin secretion. The Lomens-P0, which includes tricin and chlorogenic acid, is expected to be effective in improving PMS symptoms in the human body. CONCLUSIONS The Lomens-P0 suppressed the prolactin secretion in hyperprolactinemia mice, normalized the sex hormone imbalance, and significantly suppressed the expression of inflammatory markers in uterine tissue. This study suggests that Lomens-P0 may have the potential to prevent or remedy materials to PMS symptoms.
Magnitude and variation in muscle activity and kinematics during walking before and after a 10-week adaptation period using unstable (MBT) shoes

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the magnitude and variability of electromyographic (EMG) and kinematic variables during treadmill walking using unstable (Masai Barefoot Technology, MBT) shoes and conventional shoes, before and after a 10-week training period. Methods: Twelve Sport Science students were analysed while walking on a treadmill with both conventional and unstable shoes, before and after a 10-week training intervention consisting of more than 4 h of use of unstable shoes during daily activity. Cycle characteristics, plantar pressure distribution, whole-body three-dimensional (3D) kinematics and EMG signals of selected leg muscles during the entire gait cycle and its subphases were recorded. The coefficient of variation of 20 consecutive cycles in each variable analysed was taken as the measure of variability. Results: A trend towards higher variability but equal magnitude was observed with MBT shoes compared with conventional shoes at the pre-intervention test (pre-test) regarding kinematic and EMG variables. The training period led to interaction effects (p < 0.05 to 0.01) demonstrating a global attenuation in the variability of kinematic and EMG variables in both shoe conditions, with greater reduction in the MBT situation, or an increase in variability with conventional shoes to higher post-test variability compared with MBT. Both situations revealed equal cycle times (∼1.05 s) but a shortened duration of loading response (136 vs. 146 ms) and terminal stance (211 vs. 223 ms) and an increased duration of midstance (293 vs. 282 ms) and swing time (408 vs. 386 ms) when comparing MBT with conventional shoes (all p < 0.05 to 0.001). Training led to a global reduction in cycle time (p < 0.05) and ground contact time (p < 0.01) in both shoe conditions. Conclusions: The results support the idea that the unstable shoe serves as a motor constraint applicable during everyday activity, inducing changes in the gait pattern with both MBT and conventional shoes. In selected EMG and kinematic variables, an interaction effect towards a greater decrease in movement variability in MBT compared with conventional shoes or an increase in variability with conventional shoes towards a higher post-test variability compared with MBT was observed.
Predicting liquid filled transformer loading capability

The IEEE transformer loading guide (ANSI/IEEE C57-92-1981) equations use the top oil temperature rise over ambient to determine the winding hottest spot temperature during an overload. There is a time lag between the top oil temperature rise and the oil temperature rise in the winding cooling ducts. This phenomenon results in winding hottest spot temperatures greater than predicted by the current IEEE loading guide equations. Loading guide equations assume a constant ambient air temperature during a load cycle. Improved loading equations based on analysis and testing are presented. The improved equations consider type of liquid, cooling mode, winding duct oil temperature rise, resistance and viscosity changes and ambient temperature and load changes during a load cycle. A PC BASIC computer program is presented to perform the calculations in a simple step-by-step procedure. <<ETX>>
A modular manipulator systems (MMS) architecture and implementation

MMS is a general purpose user configurable manipulator system that provides rapid design and inexpensive implementation of customized (simple or complex) manipulator geometries tailored to the needs of individual researchers or application engineers. Structures of arbitrary complexity are configured from self contained I-DOF rotary or linear JOINT modules, including on-board joint control processor, power amplifier, etc., connected together by passive rigid LINKS. The supporting software environment provides easy teaching of locations hierarchical programming of complex tasks, sophisticated tool trajectory control and integrated workspace I/O, including vision. The system architecture, many recent improvements, including model-based control software, and various economic advantages of the approach are presented.
Method of multi-feature fusion based on SVM and D-S evidence theory in Trojan detection

According to the low accuracy and low stability of the single feature-based method for Trojan detection, a multi-feature fusion method based on SVM and DS evidence theory is proposed. First, three types of flow features such as session, upload data of session/download data of session, distribution of data packet size are extracted from the data stream. Then the SVM classification results of each single feature are used as evidences to construct the basic probability assigned (BPA). Finally, we use DS combination rule of evidence to achieve the decision fusion and give the final detection results by fusion results. The experimental results showed that the accuracy of multi-feature fusion method was 97.48% which has good performance on accuracy and stability compared with the single feature method in Trojan detection.
Modeling MOS snapback and parasitic bipolar action for circuit-level ESD and high-current simulations

The design and optimization of ESD protection circuits is greatly enhanced by the ability to perform circuit-level simulations of the protection circuits and the I/O buffers. Most available simulators do not cover the high current region of the circuit operation, but still enable an approximate analysis to be made of the behaviour under ESD conditions. In this article, a description of the behaviour of the MOS device in the high current regime is presented together with the model equations governing that behaviour. The equations have been implemented into a SPICE circuit simulator, and the experimental and simulation results are given. A simple parameter extraction methodology is presented that uses the terminal currents from a single MOS DC I-V curve to obtain all the MOS and bipolar parameters required for the model.
Probabilistic Analysis of a Thin-walled Beam with a Crack

The paper presents the analysis of a thin walled beam with a longitudinal crack of random location and size. The research objective is to understand the response characteristics of such a damaged beam with the ultimate objective of examining the growth of a crack under random loading. This initial study is expected to guide the future analysis of an aircraft wing with uncertain damage characteristics first on the overall aircraft performance. An analytical method is presented to obtain the response of a simple thinwalled beam of a closed cross section with a longitudinal crack of finite size. For random location and size of the crack, the methodology for the first order reliability analysis with analytically calculated response is described. The numerical results of the reliability analysis of the beam for the reliability defined as the non-exceedance of a limit state are presented.
Early diagnosis of the learning disabilities in kids using a computer game-based solution

Abstract Purpose Learning disabilities or learning disorders are umbrella terms used for wide variety of learning problems like Dyslexia, Dyscalculia, Dysgraphia, and Dyspraxia. These disabilities are due to the neurological disorders which affects brain functions. Early diagnosis of these disabilities in kids from age 3 to 6 will help to start early medical treatments and get them back to the normal condition. Material and Method we developed a software-based Learning Disability Evaluation Kit called YALU with computer Game Modules for kids targeting their learning disabilities. These Computer game-based modules of the YALU consist of different tasks for the different age levels to identify the symptoms of the disabilities mentioned above. The children’s interaction results to each task of the game modules with the answers of the questioner about the children given by the parents will be evaluated with the threshold values given by a panel of consultant psychologist and paediatrician of the normal kids to identify the learning disabilities in kids aged 3–6 years. The result will be given to the respective parties and uploaded to the Website under the child’s name. Result YALU has been tested using 50 students in age 3–5 in three preschools. The teachers have identified Fourteen students with some learning disability symptoms. Using YALU, twelve out of fourteen students had been clearly identified. Hence, the YALU Evaluation Kit to have an accuracy 85% in diagnosing the right disability. However, the accuracy could be increased with the accurate assessments of the parents about their kids. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION Learning disabilities are neurological disorders that affect the brain’s ability to receive, process, store, respond to and communicate information; and there are four types (Dyslexia, Dyspraxia, Dysgraphia and Dyscalculia) In this paper, we present the extracted computational techniques targeting the Dyslexia, Dyspraxia, Dysgraphia and Dyscalculia and developed a software application (YALU Learning Disability Evaluation Kit) which consists of computer game modules for the kids for evaluation their learning disabilities. The developed game modules can screen the learning disabilities and these gamification modules (YALU) consists of tasks which are based on symptoms of the said disabilities. The outcomes of each module is evaluated these learning disabilities in kids age from 3 years to 6 years by analysing children’s interactions to the each tasks, the child condition and then compare the result with the threshold values of the normal kids given by consultant psychologist and paediatrician.
Trajectories of depression and anxiety symptom severity during psychological therapy for common mental health problems

Abstract Background There is substantial variation in patient symptoms following psychological therapy for depression and anxiety. However, reliance on endpoint outcomes ignores additional interindividual variation during therapy. Knowing a patient's likely symptom trajectories could guide clinical decisions. We aimed to identify latent classes of patients with similar symptom trajectories over the course of psychological therapy and explore associations between baseline variables and trajectory class. Methods Patients received high-intensity psychological treatment for common mental health problems at National Health Service Improving Access to Psychological Therapies services in South London (N = 16 258). To identify trajectories, we performed growth mixture modelling of depression and anxiety symptoms over 11 sessions. We then ran multinomial regressions to identify baseline variables associated with trajectory class membership. Results Trajectories of depression and anxiety symptoms were highly similar and best modelled by four classes. Three classes started with moderate-severe symptoms and showed (1) no change, (2) gradual improvement, and (3) fast improvement. A final class (4) showed initially mild symptoms and minimal improvement. Within the moderate-severe baseline symptom classes, patients in the two showing improvement as opposed to no change tended not to be prescribed psychotropic medication or report a disability and were in employment. Patients showing fast improvement additionally reported lower baseline functional impairment on average. Conclusions Multiple trajectory classes of depression and anxiety symptoms were associated with baseline characteristics. Identifying the most likely trajectory for a patient at the start of treatment could inform decisions about the suitability and continuation of therapy, ultimately improving patient outcomes.
Potentiality of Melittin-Loaded Niosomal Vesicles Against Vancomycin-Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcal Skin Infection

Background Staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen, especially causing skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs). Over the decades, the infections caused by antibiotic-resistant strains have often become life-threatening. Consequently, exploration and development of competent approaches to combat these serious circumstances are urgently required. Methods The antibacterial activity of melittin (Mel) on S. aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and clinical isolates of vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) was investigated by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and time-killing assays. The localization of Mel on the bacterial cell was visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy and its effect on the membrane was indicated based on propidium iodide uptake. The non-ionic surfactant vesicle (NISV) or niosome nanocarrier was established for Mel loading (Mel-loaded NISV) by the thin-film hydration method. Physicochemical and in vitro biological properties of Mel-loaded NISVs were characterized. The cellular uptake of Mel-loaded NISVs was evaluated by holotomography analysis. In addition, an ex vivo study was conducted on a porcine ear skin model to assess the permeation ability of Mel-loaded NISVs and their potential to inhibit bacterial skin infection. Results The effective inhibitory activity of Mel on skin pathogens was demonstrated. Among the tested strains, VISA was most susceptible to Mel. Regarding to its function, Mel targeted the bacterial cell envelope and disrupted cell membrane integrity. Mel-loaded NISVs were successfully fabricated with a nano-size of 120–200 nm and entrapment efficiency of greater than 90%. Moreover, Mel-loaded NISVs were taken up and accumulated in the intracellular space. Meanwhile, Mel was released and distributed throughout the cytosol and nucleus. Mel-loaded NISVs efficiently inhibited the growth of bacteria, particularly MRSA and VISA. Importantly, they not only penetrated epidermal and dermal skin layers, but also reduced the bacterial growth in infected skin. Conclusion Mel-loaded NISVs have a great potential to exhibit antibacterial activity. Therapeutic application of Mel-loaded NISVs could be further developed as an alternative platform for the treatment of skin infection via dermal and transdermal delivery.
Water sensitive urban design - the journey thus far

Abstract The paper presents an overview of the current state of adoption of water sensitive urban design (WSUD) in Australian practice and future trends. At the inaugural conference on WSUD in Melbourne 2000, four major inter-related issues were identified as essential elements in underpinning the effective adoption of WSUD. These were (i) Regulatory Framework; (ii) Assessment & Costing; (iii) Technology & Design; and (iv) Community Acceptance. Since 2000, progress in each of these issues has led to further advancement of WSUD in Australian practice. Successes in implementation are however varied, a reflection of an industry transitioning into a new paradigm. The technology and design of WSUD elements have evolved since 2000 with many projects demonstrating innovation at a range of scales. Current trends in concept and systemic design, and recent research findings, are rapidly advancing innovation in this regard. Construction and maintenance practices are identified as one of the recurring impediments to the effective implementation of many excellent conceptual designs ofWSUD. Institutional reform for integrated urban water cycle management remains elusive. The socio-institutional dimension of WSUD, while instrumental to effective policy development and technology diffusion efforts, still remains a largely underdeveloped area of research
Comparison of Effects of Extubation in Prone and Supine Positions in Patients Operated for Lumbar Disk Herniation.

AIM At the end of lumbar disk operations conducted in the prone position, the extubation period can result in serious respiratory and hemodynamic side effects. In this study, we aimed to observe the effects of prone position extubation on respiratory side effects and hemodynamic parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS This prospective observational study included 60 patients extubated in either the prone (n = 30) or supine (n = 30) positions. Heart rate, noninvasive arterial blood pressure, peripheral oxygen saturation, train of four values, and bispectral index values were measured and recorded in all patients during operation and at the time of anesthetic agent discontinuation, before and after extubation. The Aldrete recovery score was recorded together with the severity of cough during emergence and recovery. Sore throat visual analog scale (VAS) score was recorded at the first and sixth hours after extubation. Incidents such as nausea, vomiting, respiratory failure, uncontrolled airway, and decreased saturation were also recorded. RESULTS The number and severity of cough (p 0.05) and sore throat VAS (p 0.001) were lower in the prone group. Postextubation breath holding was more frequent in the supine group (p 0.001). Aldrete recovery scores were higher in the prone group (p 0.05). Heart rate and mean arterial pressure values were not significantly different in the prone group during the emergence and recovery period as compared with the supine group (p 0.05). CONCLUSION Extubation in the prone position after lumbar spinal surgery provides more comfortable emergence and recovery periods with less alteration of respiratory status and a better recovery profile.
On the performance quality of repairable systems

The quality of a system operation is characterized by decreases in time deterministic function or by a stochastic process with decreasing sample paths. Simple relations for the stationary characteristic of quality are derived in cases when the system is repairable after each failure. Methods of quality improvement are considered. The case of imperfect repair for a simplified setting is studied. Several examples are considered. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Helicopter Maneuverability and Agility Design Sensitivity and Air Combat Maneuver Data Correlation Study

Abstract : A helicopter maneuverability and agility (M/A) study has been conducted to determine the characteristics of eight different helicopters. This study included a simulation evaluation, analysis of data from the U.S. Army's Air-to-Air Combat Tests (AACT) and a correlation of the two. The results validated previously developed M/A design guidelines and design parameter sensitivities. The helicopters evaluated were the UH-60A, S-76A, AH-64A, AH-1S, OH-58A and SA-365N-1. The CH-53E and Soviet Mi-28 (unclassified) were also analyzed although no AACT data were available for them. The M/A characteristics of these vehicles were assessed by flying detailed, blade element General Helicopter Flight Dynamics Simulation (GenHel) computer models through a series of nine discrete maneuvers. Selected flight test data from AACT II, III and IV were analyzed using a workstation to replay the data and generate synthetic out- of-cockpit views. A method for scoring the simulated maneuvers and the AACT engagements was devised. M/A ratings for all of the subject aircraft were determined using the simulated maneuver scores. Correlation of the M/A ratings to the AACT scores was very good with the winning air combat aircraft having the highest M/A rating in four of the five engagement pairs analyzed. This study also produced a unique database employing a common simulation technology and evaluation methodology for all of the subject helicopters.
Micropower CMOS RF components for distributed wireless sensors

A wide range of new applications have recently appeared for a low power, low cost, "embedded radio". These wireless interfaces for handheld mobile nodes and Wireless Integrated Network Sensors (WINS) must provide spread spectrum signaling for multi-user operation at 902-928 MHz. Conventional low power RF systems have been implemented in bipolar technology. However, cost considerations motivate the development of complete micropower CMOS RF circuits and systems operating at previously unexplored low power levels. Micropower CMOS VCO and mixer circuits, developed for these emerging narrow-band communication systems, are reported here. Design methods combining high-Q inductors and weak inversion MOSFET operation enable the lowest reported operating power for RF front end components including a mixer and voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) operating at frequencies of 400-900 MHz. In addition, the VCO, by virtue of its high-Q inductive components, displays the lowest reported phase noise for 1 GHz CMOS VCO systems for any power dissipation.