Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AI-Based Q-Learning Approach for Performance Optimization in MIMO-NOMA Wireless Communication Systems

In this paper, we investigate the performance enhancement of Multiple Input, Multiple Output, and Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (MIMO-NOMA) wireless communication systems using an Artificial Intelligence (AI) based Q-Learning reinforcement learning approach. The primary challenge addressed is the optimization of power allocation in a MIMO-NOMA system, a complex task given the non-convex nature of the problem. Our proposed Q-Learning approach adaptively adjusts power allocation strategy for proximal and distant users, optimizing the trade-off between various conflicting metrics and significantly improving the system’s performance. Compared to traditional power allocation strategies, our approach showed superior performance across three principal parameters: spectral efficiency, achievable sum rate, and energy efficiency. Specifically, our methodology achieved approximately a 140% increase in the achievable sum rate and about 93% improvement in energy efficiency at a transmitted power of 20 dB while also enhancing spectral efficiency by approximately 88.6% at 30 dB transmitted Power. These results underscore the potential of reinforcement learning techniques, particularly Q-Learning, as practical solutions for complex optimization problems in wireless communication systems. Future research may investigate the inclusion of enhanced channel simulations and network limitations into the machine learning framework to assess the feasibility and resilience of such intelligent approaches.
The effects of climate change on livestock production, current situation and future consideration

Review work was conducted to assess the climatic effect on livestock productions. Worldwide reviewers stated that the performances of animals are strongly correlated to environments. Currently climate change is a great challenge in the world. Intergovernmental panel meeting on climate change underlined that the poorest vulnerable groups are the worst and affected groups. Indirectly climate change has significant impact on feed resources on livestock productivity, carrying capacity of rangelands, and feeds, feeding options and grazing managements. Changed temperature increases the lignifications of plant tissues and reduces the digestibility and rates of degradations. Livestock is also directly exposed to tresses of the mortality, growth, reproduction and maintenances. Climatic change aggravates the water scarcity and accelerates the poverty level. The response of changing environments is increased. Water intake of Bos Indicus cattle was increased from about 3 kg DM intake at 10 °C to 5 kg at 30°C and to about 10 kg at 35°C. Climate change influenced other factors associated with vector populations and their distributions. Awareness creation on the consumption of livestock products related to environmental effects is important mitigation measures. The future directions of livestock production will be increased for the production of foods for the efficient transformation of livestock production to the international markets.
Joint Intra & Inter-Grained Reasoning: A New Look Into Semantic Consistency of Image-Text Retrieval

Multimodal understanding aims at constructing semantic correlations among modalities of data while performing various downstream tasks. As one of the primary multimodal downstream tasks, image-text retrieval imposes a high demand on semantic alignment because of the independent expression paradigms of images and text. Existing methods mainly construct a joint embedding space at a single granularity level (either global or local). However, such single reasoning paradigms lack granularity interaction, resulting in semantic inconsistency and cross-domain catastrophes. To address these issues, we design a novel Joint Intra and Inter-grained Network (JIIGNet), focusing on not only intra- but also inter-grained interaction between modalities by combining scene information (global) with region-level (local) instances. Specifically, we simultaneously initiate three specific alignment modules, i.e., global-grained, local-grained, and cross-grained alignment modules, followed by Triplet Attention Refinement to better refine the fused embedding at the alignment-level with proper self and cross attention. For different scenarios, a Style Adaptation Head is further designed to smartly accommodate different samples. We validate JIIGNet through extensive experiments conducted on two widely used datasets: Flickr-30 K and MS-COCO, demonstrating the effectiveness of our proposed method.
The Media Coverage of Bruce Willis Reveals Unfamiliarity With Frontotemporal Degeneration

Abstract In 2022, Bruce Willis’ family released a statement saying that he had been diagnosed with aphasia (an acquired language impairment) and would no longer be acting. Ten months later, the Willis family released another statement indicating that he received a more specific diagnosis of frontotemporal degeneration (FTD). This resulted in an explosion of media coverage, as prominent news outlets scrambled to produce stories describing FTD to a public largely unfamiliar with the disease. The quality of these stories varied widely, and in many cases the relationship between aphasia and FTD was misrepresented, as were basic descriptions and facts about FTD. FTD refers to a class of protein-misfolding diseases that are a common cause of aphasias due to neurodegeneration, or primary progressive aphasias (PPA). Rather than describing how FTD was discovered to be the underlying source of Mr. Willis’ aphasia, many reports described his aphasia as “progressing into” FTD, implying they are two different disorders. Furthermore, these reports used the terminology of frontotemporal “dementia” rather than “degeneration”, a term that invokes many stereotypes in the public imagination and may have contributed to misrepresentations in coverage. Instead of focusing on the language symptoms of PPA, reports often emphasized the personality and behavioral changes more closely associated with other variants of FTD. The substance of various facts, such as how common FTD is and how it can be treated, varied widely across reports. In sum, the media coverage of Mr. Willis’ diagnosis reveals the extent to which the media and general public are uninformed about FTD and PPA. The remedy for this problem is to promote greater awareness of FTD, in both the public and the medical provider class. The Willis family’s disclosure was a courageous act that helped bring much-needed attention to this disease.
Preparing for the future of healthcare: Digital health literacy among medical students in Lahore, Pakistan

Objective: Digital Health Literacy (DHL) is becoming a cardinal competence for all healthcare professionals (HCPs) including medical students for meaningful digital transformation of healthcare. As medical students need to navigate an increasingly digitalized healthcare environment, thus the study’s objective was to assess digital health literacy among medical students. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at King Edward Medical University, Lahore from October 2022 to August 2023. Medical students were asked to complete a pen and paper questionnaire of the Digital Health Literacy Instrument (DHLI) after informed consent. DHLI covers seven categories: operational skills, information searching strategy, analyzing the usefulness of online information, navigational abilities, contributing user-generated material to internet-based platforms, and privacy protection. SPSS was used for data analysis. Results: Eight hundred ninety one medical students, from first year to final year, participated in the study. The overall mean score for DHL was 63.5 (SD=8.82). Medical students achieved a score of 83.2% of total score in their operational abilities, and 82.3% proficiency in privacy protection, which were deemed highly desirable. Furthermore, they achieved a satisfactory level in navigation skill (76.0%), information searching (73.1%), adding content (71.0%), determining the significance of data (70.1%), and assessing data reliability (68.7%), based on the overall score. A significant relationship was observed between the performance level of DHL domains and gender with higher scores in males in all domains except protecting privacy, which was higher in females and clinical years students (p-value < 0.05). Conclusion: The assessment of the DHL of medical students was deemed desirable. But certain obstacles were encountered in few domains of DHL i.e., data reliability, relevance determination, and content augmentation. It is imperative to elevate the level of DHL of medical students to harness the potential of digital technologies in enhancing healthcare.
Microfaunal and resting-stage heterogeneity in ephemeral pools, upper River Murray floodplain, Australia

Floodplain waters of Murray-Darling Basin riversrange from ephemeral puddles to semi-permanentbillabongs kilometres long and several metres deep.They may comprise >60% of the standing waters onthe floodplain, the more permanent waters provid-ing refugia for a diverse aquatic fauna in times ofdrought. There is evidence of a rich and diversemicroflora and -fauna in the larger permanent billa-bongs (BOON et al. 1990), but virtUally no informa-tion on such assemblages in the smaller ephemeralwaters, which may be only rainpools and of veryshort persistence (weeks or even days). We wereinterested in characterizing the diversiry and dynam-ics of the microfaunal communities in such habitats,in particular the adaptations of the microfauna tohabitat ephemeraliry and heterogeneiry. To providean estimate of the microfaunal species diversiry rep-resentative of ephemeral waters in the region, weundertook a qualitative survey of 112 small flood-plain pools in the wet spring of August-September1991, when all contained water (SHIEL et al. 1998),results of which are summarized here. Replicate sedi-ment samples were also taken over the summer of1998 from dry sediments of sites with differentflooding frequencies, viz. permanently flooded(Ryan's no. 1 billabong), flooded every 2-3 years(Ryan's no. 3), and flooded no more frequently thanevery 25 years (overbank region of Ryan's no. 2). From sediment cores, identifiable cysts, resting eggs,ephippia and diapausing individuals were identifiedas a prelude to flooding experiments to determinethe viabiliry of the floodplain 'eggbank' (cf. BOUL-TON & LLOYO 1992. See also DE STASIO 1989, 1990,HAIRSTON et al. 1995, HAIRSTON 1996, and refer-ences therein).
The Impact of Nutritional Therapy on Gastrointestinal Motility in Older Adults

Japan is becoming a superaged society, and nutrition therapy for the elderly population is very important. Elderly individuals often have multiple diseases and are prone to malnutrition. Furthermore, functional constipation, diarrhoea, faecal incontinence, etc., may occur despite no organic abnormality of digestive tract function. Due to these disabilities, the resulting malnutrition, and the slow recovery, it is often difficult for elderly individuals to reintegrate into society. Secondary or incorrect nutritional management increases complications, decreases physical function and worsens the prognosis. Previous statistical research suggests that in-hospital mortality is significantly higher among hospitalised patients aged ≥65 years who ingest less than half of their caloric needs. Therefore, appropriate nutritional management from an early stage is essential for elderly individuals. Moreover, functional excretion disorders, dementia, and sarcopenia (muscle-wasting disease) are attracting attention as pathological conditions unique to elderly individuals, and it is essential to undergo rehabilitation early with nutritional management. Being elderly does not preclude nutritional management, and it is necessary to reconsider appropriate nutritional therapy even in the terminal stage and in advanced physical and mental illnesses. This review explores the relationship between dietary intake and FGIDs, with a focus on elderly adults.
Síntese de evidências para políticas de saúde

Este artigo apresenta alguns dos principais resultados de uma Síntese de Evidências para Políticas de Saúde, desenvolvida no âmbito do Programa de Mestrado Profissional em Saúde Coletiva do Instituto de Saúde, na qual foram identificadas quatro opções viáveis para enfrentar o problema da mortalidade perinatal no município de Porto Feliz: a) qualificação da atenção ao pré-natal por meio da classificação de risco da gestante e adequação do manejo dos exames; b) elaboração do protocolo de prevenção e tratamento do desconforto respiratório do recém-nascido; c) implementação do planejamento familiar com foco na prevenção da gravidez na adolescência e prevenção e tratamento de uso de drogas ilícitas na gestação; e d) estruturação e organização de ações de educação em saúde e visita domiciliar no pré-natal e puerpério. Para cada opção identificada considerou-se também questões relacionadas à equidade e possíveis barreiras para implementações das intervenções. A análise da equidade relacionada à implementação das opções, em especial considerando o acesso aos serviços de saúde, o levantamento de necessidades de capacitação das equipes em trabalhar com temas específicos e o desenvolvimento da educação em saúde para a comunidade foram contemplados para que as opções não produzam resultados distintos para diferentes grupos no município.
ANALYSIS OF SPATIAL VARIATION OF PRECIPITATION: COMPARISON OF CONVENTIONAL AND KRIGING METHODS

One of the major challenges in water resources management is estimation of missing or un-gauged data. Estimates of the unknown data in different points can be made by spatial interpolation of the observed data recorded in some special points of the study region. In case of spatial variations of precipitation data, there are many interpolation techniques changing from simple linear methods to complicated multivariate methods. Each method has its own necessities and constraints which result in different levels of accuracy and precision in the estimated values. Accordingly regarding the needed accuracy in different applications and the available time and data, different spatial analysis methods are utilized. In this paper different conventional and modern methods such as interpolation and Kriging are used for spatial analysis of the precipitation in the western part of Iran. Many different techniques have been applied to measure annual and monthly precipitation data at 38 stations for the period of 1967 to 2005 in the study area. The results are compared by estimation of the data for some stations in the region. The results showed that different methods of interpolation should be used with care considering some local characteristics that affect the climatic variables. In this case study, universal Kriging had the best performance among different interpolation techniques. Based on the best results of conventional and Kriging methods in this study, the locations of some new stations are proposed.
EFFET DU MOLYBDENE ET DU MANGANESE SUR LE COMPORTEMENT A L’USURE D’UNE FONTE AU CHROME TRAITEE

Les fontes au chrome constituent une classe de materiaux destinee a l’usure. On les rencontre dans les domaines miniers, cimentiers, industriedu coke et autres. Leurs structures constituees de carbures eutectiques du type M7C3et d’une matrice austenitique ou martensitique sont a l’origine de ces proprietes a l’emploi. La matrice, suite autraitement thermique, se trouve le siege d’une precipitation de carbures secondaires qui renforcent ses proprietes et predisposent la fonte pour des conditions d’usure plus severes. Le present travail fait l’objet de l’etude de l’effet du manganese et du molybdene sur le comportement a l’usure d’une fonte a 15% Cr. L’addition du manganese et du molybdene est variee entre 0.5 et 3% puis combinee a 0.5% chacun. Des techniques telle que lamicroscopie optique et a balayage, la DRX et des essais d’usure par frottement et par abrasion sont employees afin de mettre en evidence l’effet des elements d’alliage sur la resistance a l’usure de la fonte etudiee. Les resultats obtenus montrent que la fonte en question est de composition legerementhypoeutectique et de matrice a dominance martensitique. L’analyse par DRX basee sur la methodede Rietveld a revele les differentes phases microstructurales qui composent la fonte etudiee. Les meilleures resistances au frottement et a l’abrasion sontobtenues par les compostions titrant 3% de molybdene. Des resultats aussi importants ont ete obtenus par la composition a 0.5%(Mn+Mo
Assessor Models with Reject Option for soccer result prediction

O futebol é um esporte amplamente popular, tanto no Brasil quanto em todo o mundo, com uma indústria bilionária ao seu redor. A utilização de dados e algoritmos de Aprendizagem de Máquina (AM) tem sido explorada como uma ferramenta para prever resultados nesse esporte. No entanto, a imprevisibilidade do futebol torna desafiador obter previsões precisas e confiáveis. Neste estudo, propomos a utilização de um modelo de AM chamado assessor, que analisa as predições de um classificador de resultados de partidas para selecionar aquelas com maior confiabilidade, descartando as demais. Buscamos otimizar a relação entre acurácia das predições aceitas e a taxa de rejeição, de forma a maximizar a confiabilidade no uso do modelo de AM para predição das partidas. Realizamos experimentos com dados reais de partidas, identificando os campeonatos, equipes e rodadas em que o modelo proposto apresenta melhor desempenho. Essa abordagem inovadora contribui para o aprimoramento das previsões de resultados de futebol, utilizando técnicas avançadas de AM em conjunto com a seleção de predições de alta qualidade.
Subscapularis Z-plasty With Coracoidectomy for Internal Rotation Contracture in Children With Brachial Plexus Birth Injury

Objectives: Brachial plexus birth injury (BPBI) is a rare dystocia complication. Although it has a good prognosis, a significant number retain functional impairment to varying degrees. The data concerning shoulder function improvement and complication rates are conflicting due to variations in outcome measures between the studies. Therefore, we report our experience with this approach. Methods: It was a retrospective study conducted at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center in Riyadh (FSH&RC), Saudi Arabia. Data such as patient demographics, Mallet scores, and passive external rotation (PER) in adduction and abduction were retrieved from the medical records. Results: In active shoulder function, Mallet score significantly improved (P=0.00). The improvement was most remarkable in active external rotation movement (P=0.00) followed by hand to the neck. However, no significant gain was observed in active abduction and hand-to-back. At the final follow-up, with a mean of 2.9 years, the improvement in PER in adduction and abduction was maintained. Compared to six months postoperative, no significant difference was found in hand-to-neck, hand-to-back, and total Mallet score. Conclusion: Subscapularis z-lengthening with coracoidectomy was consistently effective in correcting internal rotation contraction in a patient with BPBI. Significant improvements were observed in the Mallet score and PER in adduction and abduction.
Phyllanthus emblica: a comprehensive review of its phytochemical composition and pharmacological properties

Phyllanthus emblica Linn, a prominent member of the euphorbiaceae family, exhibits extensive distribution across a multitude of tropical and subtropical nations. Referred to as “Balakka” in Indonesia, this plant assumes various names across regions, such as “kimalaka,” “balakka,” “metengo,” “malaka,” and “kemloko” in North Sumatra, Ternate, Sundanese, and Java respectively. Phyllanthus emblica thrives in tropical locales like Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand, while also making its presence felt in subtropical regions like India, China, Uzbekistan, and Sri Lanka. The fruits of Balakka are enriched with bioactive constituents recognized for their wide-ranging benefits, including antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-cholesterol, anti-diabetic, immunomodulatory, antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, chemoprotective, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, antimutagenic, and antimicrobial properties. Comprising a spectrum of phenolic compounds (such as tannins, phenolic acids, and flavonoids), alkaloids, phytosterols, terpenoids, organic acids, amino acids, and vitamins, the bioactive components of Malacca fruit offer a diverse array of health-promoting attributes. In light of these insights, this review aims to comprehensively examine the pharmacological activities associated with P. emblica and delve into the intricate composition of its phytochemical constituents.
Analysis of Clinical Application of C13-urea Breath Test for Detection of Helicobacter Pylori Infection

: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the clinical diagnostic value of the C13 urea breath test in the detection of Helicobacter pylori infection. The methodology of this study was to select 100 patients with epigastric discomfort who visited our hospital from January 2022 to July 2023. All patients underwent rapid urease test (RUT) and C13-urea breath test. Histological examination was used as the diagnostic gold standard to compare the diagnostic accuracy of the two methods for various diseases in patients, including the diagnostic positive rate. The diagnostic performance of the two methods (sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, negative predictive value, positive predictive value) was assessed. Results Of the 100 patients with epigastric discomfort is that 90 were diagnosed by pathologic examination. The C13-urea breath test had a higher diagnostic positive rate for duodenitis and peptic ulcers compared to RUT (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the diagnostic positive rate between the two methods for gastric polyps, chronic gastritis, and gastric cancer (P>0.05). The C13-urea breath test had higher sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value compared to RUT. The specificity and accuracy of the two methods were significantly different (P<0.05), while the sensitivity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value were not significantly different (P>0.05). This paper concludes that both the C13-urea breath test and the RUT are effective diagnostic methods for detecting H. pylori infection, but the C13-urea breath test has a higher diagnostic positivity rate and overall diagnostic performance. It provides a strong basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment, and has high clinical value. Therefore, it is worth promoting.
PARAGENETIC ASSEMBLAGES OF BERYLLIUM SILICATES AND PHOSPHATES FROM THE NANPING No. 31 GRANITIC PEGMATITE DYKE, FUJIAN PROVINCE, SOUTHEASTERN CHINA

Silicates and phosphates are two principal groups of the more than 100 beryllium minerals, but they are rarely documented to cocrystallize as magmatic phases. Here, we describe complex paragenetic assemblages of various species of Be minerals in five zones from the outer contact inward in the Nanping No. 31 pegmatite dyke, in southern China. Three types of magmatic paragenetic assemblages of Be minerals are distinguished. The first type consists primarily of Be silicates (beryl + phenakite) in the outer zones (zones I–II), which likely results from Al-poor melts. The second type is typically represented by the complex association of Be phosphates + silicates, typically interstitial to saccharoidal albite in zone II. This type shows a general sequence: phenakite → hydroxylherderite or hurlbutite → fluorapatite → beryl, which is suggestive of the competitive predominance of phosphorus over silicon during the crystallization of Be minerals. The third is uniquely described by Cs-rich beryl in zones III and IV. This type of beryl is easily altered by hydrothermal fluids, leading to secondary Cs-poor beryl and nanpingite. Our results indicate that crystallization and the sequential assemblages of Be minerals are clearly related to the environment and evolution of pegmatite crystallization.