Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neurobiology of Parental Regulation of the Infant and Its Disruption by Trauma Within Attachment

The complex process of regulating physiological functions and homeostasis during external and internal disruptions develops slowly in altricial species, with parental care functioning as a co-regulator of infant physiological and emotional homeostasis. Here, we review our current understanding of the infant’s use of parental behaviors for neurobehavioral regulation and its disruption with harsh parental care. Taking a cross-species view, we briefly review the human developmental literature that highlights the importance of the caregiver in scaffolding the child’s physiological and emotional regulation, especially under threat and stress. We then use emerging corresponding animal literature within the phylogenetically preserved attachment system to help define neural systems supporting caregiver regulation and its supporting causal mechanism to provide translational bridges to inform causation and mechanisms impossible to define in children. Next, we briefly review animal research highlighting the impact of specific sensory stimuli imbedded in parental care as important for infant physiological and emotion regulation. We then highlight the importance of parental sensory stimuli gaining hedonic value to go beyond simple sensory stimuli to further impact neurobehavioral regulation, with poor quality of care compromising the infant’s ability to use these cues for regulation. Clinically, parental regulation of the infant is correlated with later-life neurobehavioral outcome and quality of life. We suggest an understanding of this parental regulation of the infant’s immediate neurobehavioral functioning within the context of attachment quality, that may provide insights into the complex processes during early life, initiating the pathway to pathology.
Prognostic Value of Elevated Pre-treatment Serum CA-125 in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

Background CA-125 is a clinical biomarker with predictive effect on the prognosis of different cancers. Numerous clinical trials have been conducted to investigate the possibility of using the pretreatment level of CA-125 to predict the prognosis of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). However, its value in predicting prognosis remains controversial. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to assess the predictive value of pretreatment CA-125 levels for prognosis in EOC patients. Methods We searched the EMBASE, Cochrane library, PubMed and Web of Science databases for studies published up to 3 December 2021, according to specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The clinical studies that were included investigated the relationship between pretreatment CA-125 levels and ovarian cancer prognosis. Combined hazard ratios (HR) of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) reported in the studies were compared and analyzed using fixed-effects/random-effects models. Sensitivity analysis was used to assess study stability, while Egger’s and Begg’s tests were used to assess publication bias. Results This meta-analysis included 23 studies published in 2004 - 2021 with a total of 10,594 EOC patients. Comprehensive analysis demonstrated that the serum level of CA-125 before treatment was significantly correlated with overall survival (OS: HR=1.62, 95%CI=1.270-2.060, p<0.001) and progression-free survival (PFS: HR=1.59, PFS: HR=1.59, 95%CI=1.44~1.76, p<0.001). After comparing data from different FIGO stages and treatments, we discovered that a high pre-treatment serum CA-125 level was associated with a low survival rate. Conclusion According to the results of this study, a higher pre-treatment serum CA-125 level is associated with poor survival outcomes, which can be utilized to predict the prognosis of EOC patients. Pre-treatment serum CA-125 level might provide reliable basis for predicting the risk of EOC disease progression. This study is registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42022300545). Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd. york.ac. uk/prospero/display_record. php? RecordID=300545, identifier [CRD42022300545].
Prevalence and Drivers of COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Hesitancy Among German University Students and Employees

COVID-19 booster hesitancy (VBH) is a serious public health challenge which acts simultaneously with the waning vaccine-elicited immunity and the emerging viral variants to prolong the pandemic interval. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of COVID-19 VBH among a highly educated subset of the German population and to explore the potential demographic, anamnestic, and psychosocial determinants of this problem. A cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted in December 2021 among German university students and employees to evaluate their attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccine booster (VB) doses. The study used a self-administered questionnaire that was developed and disseminated digitally, and the questionnaire inquired about participants' demographic characteristics, COVID-19-related anamnesis, COVID-19 vaccine-related anamnesis, and psychosocial predictors of COVID-19 VBH. A total of 930 participants were recruited, of which 608 (65.4%) were students, 682 (73.3%) were females, and their mean age was 29.08 ± 10.93 years. Fifty-five participants (5.9%) had been previously infected by COVID-19 and the vast majority of infections happened before the first vaccine dose. Over 95% of the participants had received at least one vaccine dose, and the most commonly administered vaccine was BNT162b2. The overall COVID-19 VB acceptance was satisfactory (87.8%) and induced by various altruistic promoters, e.g., family health protection, community health protection, and patients' health protection. The students (86.3%), the previously infected participants (76.4%), the participants who did not receive primer doses of COVID-19 vaccines (2.5 %), and those who were hospitalized (40%) and sought medical care/treatment after receiving primer doses (86.8%) were less likely to accept COVID-19 VB compared to the employees (90.7%), the participants who were not previously infected (88.6%) and those who received primer dose (91.7%), and the participants who were not hospitalized (92%) nor sought medical care/treatment after primer doses (92.9%), respectively. The perceived effectiveness of COVID-19 VB against severe illness (adjusted odds ratio “AOR”: 47.65–95% confidence interval “CI”: 23.65–96.49), symptomatic infection (AOR: 9.87–95% CI: 5.20–18.71), community transmission (AOR: 5.34–95% CI: 3.00–9.49) and emerging variants (AOR: 19.12–95% CI: 10.57–34.55) were key predictors for COVID-19 VB acceptance; therefore, it needs to be highlighted in vaccine messaging. In addition, the perceived safety of COVID-19 VB and ethical dilemmas of vaccine justice need to be addressed publicly.
Mendelian Randomization Study of Heart Failure and Stroke Subtypes

Background Whether heart failure (HF) is an independent risk factor of ischemic stroke (IS) and hemorrhagic stroke remains controversial. We employed a multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) to further investigate the causal effects of HF on the risk of stroke and stroke subtypes. Methods Genetically predicted HF was selected as an instrumental variable (IV) from published genome-wide association studies (GWAS) meta-analyses. Stroke data with different etiologies were extracted as outcome variables from another two GWAS meta-analyses. The random-effects inverse variance-weighted (IVW) model was applied as the main method, along with sensitivity analysis. Atrial fibrillation (AF), coronary heart disease (CHD), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were controlled for mediating effects in multivariable MR. Results Genetically predicted HF was significantly associated with any IS [odds ratio (OR), 1.39; 95% CI, 1.12–1.74; p = 0.03], large artery stroke (LAS; OR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.27–2.65; p = 0.001), and cardioembolic stroke (CES; OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.21–2.47; p = 0.003), but without small vessel stroke (SVS; OR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.80–1.52; p = 0.56) and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH; OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.41–1.83; p = 0.699) in univariable MR. However, these significant associations were attenuated to the null after adjusting for confounding factor in multivariable MR. Conclusion There was no direct causal association between HF and stroke in our study. The association between HF and IS can be driven by AF, CHD, and SBP.
Extracellular Vesicles, New Players in Sepsis and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Sepsis refers to a complex syndrome associated with physiological, pathological, and biochemical abnormalities resulted from infection. Sepsis is the major cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are serving as new messengers to mediate cell-cell communication in vivo. Non-coding RNAs, proteins and metabolites encapsulated by EVs could result in either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects in the recipient cells. Pathogens or host cells derived EVs play an important role in pathogens infection during the occurrence and development of sepsis and ARDS. Additionally, we summarize the potential application for EVs in diagnosis, prevention and treatment for sepsis and ARDS.
Plant Salinity Sensors: Current Understanding and Future Directions

Salt stress is a major limiting factor for plant growth and crop yield. High salinity causes osmotic stress followed by ionic stress, both of which disturb plant growth and metabolism. Understanding how plants perceive salt stress will help efforts to improve salt tolerance and ameliorate the effect of salt stress on crop growth. Various sensors and receptors in plants recognize osmotic and ionic stresses and initiate signal transduction and adaptation responses. In the past decade, much progress has been made in identifying the sensors involved in salt stress. Here, we review current knowledge of osmotic sensors and Na+ sensors and their signal transduction pathways, focusing on plant roots under salt stress. Based on bioinformatic analyses, we also discuss possible structures and mechanisms of the candidate sensors. With the rapid decline of arable land, studies on salt-stress sensors and receptors in plants are critical for the future of sustainable agriculture in saline soils. These studies also broadly inform our overall understanding of stress signaling in plants.
The Relationship of National, School, and Student Socioeconomic Status With Academic Achievement: A Model for Programme for International Student Assessment Reading and Mathematics Scores

Prior research has demonstrated links between academic achievement and family socioeconomic status SES, such that students from wealthier families generally exhibit higher academic performance. Recent work has also shown that students who attend schools with greater SES inequality and lower average family income also tend to have lower achievement test scores. Additional research has found that students from poorer nations have lower average achievement test scores. Despite the presence of this evidence supporting individual relationships between SES and achievement test performance, there is less extant information positing a mechanism for how these relationships at different levels interact with one another and are related to achievement test performance. The purpose of the current study was to propose and test two multilevel mediation models of the relationships between national funding for public services such as education, and economic inequality with shortages for educational resources and trained staff, as well as aggregated and individual family SES with academic achievement. Results demonstrated that a partially mediated model yielded good fit to the data with both direct and indirect relationships among national funding for public services and academic achievement, as mediated through school level resource shortages and family SES. Implications of these results are discussed.
Eutrophication Amplifies the Diel Variability of Carbonate Chemistry in an Equatorial, Semi-Arid, and Negative Estuary

This study presents high-resolution data on diel variations of carbonate chemistry in a semi-arid estuary (Jaguaribe River) in NE Brazil, which has witnessed decreasing annual rainfall and freshwater inputs due to climate change and river damming. In addition, the estuary has been suffering with increasing discharges from shrimp farm and urban effluents. We monitored surface water and atmospheric CO2 partial pressure (pCO2), temperature, salinity, and wind speed with continuous real-time measurements during two eulerian surveys in October 2017 (33 h) and September 2018 (44 h), during spring tides in the dry season. Additionally, pH, total alkalinity (TA), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), carbonate (CO32–), and saturation state of calcite (Ωcal) and aragonite (Ωara) were monitored hourly. Higher salinity (>38) during ebb tides confirmed the hypersalinity and negative estuarine circulation. TA and DIC concentrations in the estuary were higher than in the adjacent coastal ocean due to evaporation, showing positive correlation with salinity and negative correlation with tidal height. Measured TA and DIC concentrations were slightly higher than those calculated by the conservative evaporation model, suggesting their production in the estuary by aerobic and anaerobic processes. CO32–, Ωcal, and Ωara showed a clear semi-diurnal (tidal-driven) and diel (24 h; biological-driven) patterns: lowest values occurred at flood tide during night-time (respectively, 185 μmol kg–1, 4.3 and 2.8), whereas highest occurred during ebb tide and daytime (respectively, 251 μmol kg–1, 5.7 and 3.8). DIC/TA ratios were higher at night-time supporting a diel control (linked to solar irradiance) of the carbonate buffering capacity. pCO2 was oversaturated comparing to the atmosphere (512–860 μatm) and the estuary was a source of CO2, with fluxes ranging from 2.2 to 200.0 mmol C m–2 d–1 (51.9 ± 26.7 mmol C m–2 d–1), which are higher than emissions normally found in low-inflow, marine-dominated estuaries. The diel variability of DIC indicated a net heterotrophic metabolism averaging −5.17 ± 7.39 mmol C m–2 h–1. Eutrophication amplifies the diel variability of the CO2 system generating large differences between daytime and night-time. The results highlight the importance of considering diel variability when estimating CO2 fluxes and carbonate chemistry in eutrophic, semi-arid, and tidally dominated estuaries under rapid environmental changes, and may represent future conditions in estuaries worldwide experiencing warming, increasing aridity and eutrophication.
Macrophage and T-Cell Infiltration and Topographic Immune Cell Distribution in Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer of the Head and Neck

Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is a heterogeneous tumor entity that is vastly determined by age and UV-light exposure leading to a great mutational burden in cancer cells. However, the success of immune checkpoint blockade in advanced NMSC and the incidence and disease control rates of NMSC in organ transplant recipients compared to immunologically uncompromised patients point toward the emerging importance of the immunologic activity of NMSC. To gain first insight into the role of T-cell and macrophage infiltration in NMSC of the head and neck and capture their different immunogenic profiles, which appear to be highly relevant for the response to immunotherapy, we conducted a whole slide analysis of 107 basal cell carcinoma (BCC) samples and 117 cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) samples. The CD8+ and CD68+ immune cell expression in both cancer types was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and a topographic distribution profile, and the proportion of both cell populations within the two tumor entities was assessed. The results show highly significant differences in terms of CD8+ T-cell and CD68+ macrophage infiltration in BCC and cSCC and indicate cSCC as a highly immunogenic tumor. Yet, BCC presents less immune cell infiltration; the relation between the immune cells compared to cSCC does not show any significant difference. These findings help explain disparities in local aggressiveness, distant metastasis, and eligibility for immune checkpoint blockade in both tumor entities and encourage further research.
Validation of Candidate Sleep Disorder Risk Genes Using Zebrafish

Sleep disorders and chronic sleep disturbances are common and are associated with cardio-metabolic diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders. Several genetic pathways and neuronal mechanisms that regulate sleep have been described in animal models, but the genes underlying human sleep variation and sleep disorders are largely unknown. Identifying these genes is essential in order to develop effective therapies for sleep disorders and their associated comorbidities. To address this unmet health problem, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous genetic variants associated with human sleep traits and sleep disorders. However, in most cases, it is unclear which gene is responsible for a sleep phenotype that is associated with a genetic variant. As a result, it is necessary to experimentally validate candidate genes identified by GWAS using an animal model. Rodents are ill-suited for this endeavor due to their poor amenability to high-throughput sleep assays and the high costs associated with generating, maintaining, and testing large numbers of mutant lines. Zebrafish (Danio rerio), an alternative vertebrate model for studying sleep, allows for the rapid and cost-effective generation of mutant lines using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Numerous zebrafish mutant lines can then be tested in parallel using high-throughput behavioral assays to identify genes whose loss affects sleep. This process identifies a gene associated with each GWAS hit that is likely responsible for the human sleep phenotype. This strategy is a powerful complement to GWAS approaches and holds great promise to identify the genetic basis for common human sleep disorders.
Social-Cognitive Network Connectivity in Preterm Children and Relations With Early Nutrition and Developmental Outcomes

Infants born very low birth weight (VLBW, < 1,500 g) are at a heightened risk for structural brain abnormalities and social-cognitive deficits, which can impair behavioural functioning. Resting-state fMRI, reflecting a baseline level of brain activity and underlying social-cognitive processes, has also been reported to be altered in children born VLBW. Yet very little is known about the functional networks underlying social cognition using magnetoencephalography (MEG) and how it relates to neonatal factors and developmental outcomes. Thus, we investigated functional connectivity at rest in VLBW children and the associations with early nutrition and IQ and behavioural problems. We collected resting-state MEG recordings and measures of IQ and social-cognitive behaviour, as well as macronutrient/energy intakes during initial hospitalisation in 5-year-old children born VLBW (n = 37) compared to full-term (FT; n = 27) controls. We examined resting-state network differences controlling for sex and age at scan. Functional connectivity was estimated using the weighted phase lag index. Associations between functional connectivity with outcome measures and postnatal nutrition were also assessed using regression analyses. We found increased resting-state functional connectivity in VLBW compared to FT children in the gamma frequency band (65–80 Hz). This hyper-connected network was primarily anchored in frontal regions known to underlie social-cognitive functions such as emotional processing. In VLBW children, increased functional connectivity was related to higher IQ scores, while reduced connectivity was related to increased behavioural problems at 5 years of age. These within-group associations were found in the slower frequency bands of theta (4–7 Hz) and alpha (8–12 Hz), frequently linked to higher-order cognitive functions. We also found significant associations between macronutrient (protein and lipid) and energy intakes during the first postnatal month with functional connectivity at preschool-age, highlighting the long-term impacts of postnatal nutrition on preterm brain development. Our findings demonstrate that at preschool-age, VLBW children show altered resting-state connectivity despite IQ and behaviour being in the average range, possibly reflecting functional reorganisation of networks to support social-cognitive and behavioural functioning. Further, our results highlight an important role of early postnatal nutrition in the development of resting-state networks, which in turn may improve neurodevelopmental outcomes in this vulnerable population.
An analysis and design of bilateral control based on disturbance observer

In this paper, an analysis and design of bilateral control based on disturbance observer are discussed. Poles of bilateral control go to the poles of position control and poles of force control respectively when disturbance observer gain is infinite. Four-channel controller which is hybrid of position and force in the acceleration dimension based on disturbance observer can be divided into two modes: common and differential modes. Position is controlled in differential mode space, force is controlled in common mode space. Relationship between these spaces is revealed, design of bilateral control in the virtual space is proposed. According to this method, design of bilateral control can be treated as position control and force control about one robot separately. These theories are applied to the 6-degree-of-freedom industrial manipulator. The numerical and experimental results show viability of the proposed method.