Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Injunctive and descriptive normative feedback for college drinking prevention: Is the whole greater than the sum of its parts?

OBJECTIVE Single-component personalized normative feedback (PNF) interventions and multicomponent personalized feedback interventions (PFI) have been shown to reduce alcohol consumption among college students. The present study compared the efficacy of PNF interventions targeting descriptive norms alone (descriptive PNF), injunctive norms alone (injunctive PNF), or their combination (combined PNF), against a multicomponent PFI and an attention control condition. METHOD Undergraduates (N = 1,137) across two universities who reported a minimum of one past-month episode of heavy episodic drinking (i.e., 4 +/5 + drinks on a single occasion for females/males) completed assessments at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months postintervention. RESULTS Relative to the attention control, participants in each of the four intervention conditions showed greater reductions in perceived descriptive/injunctive norms, total drinks per week, and alcohol-related consequences. Peak estimated blood alcohol concentration was also reduced in the injunctive PNF, combined PNF, and multicomponent PFI conditions, with the latter two conditions showing an advantage for duration of effects. The multicomponent PFI condition also evidenced greater reductions than the injunctive PNF in descriptive norms at 3-month and injunctive norms at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. No other group comparisons on any outcome were significant. CONCLUSIONS Each intervention has merit for use in college student harm reduction efforts. Single-component or combined PNF could be considered a potential starting point, as PNF is less burdensome than a multicomponent PFI when considering ease and length of delivery. Results can inform optimization of norms-based interventions and guide recommendations on efficacious components for reducing alcohol use and harms on college campuses. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
The effects of successive distortions on a turbulent boundary layer in a supersonic flow

Experiments were conducted to investigate the response of a high-Reynolds-number turbulent boundary layer in a supersonic flow to the perturbation presented by a forward-facing ramp. Two ramps were used: one with sharp corners, the other with rounded corners having radii of curvature equal to 15 initial boundary layer thicknesses. The flow was turned through 20° in each of the compressions and expansions. Hence, there was no net change in the flow direction over the ramps and only a small change in free-stream conditions due to the entropy increase across relatively weak shocks. The two experiments gave similar results. In the middle of the relaxing boundary layer, the streamwise Reynolds stress undershot the undisturbed levels and exhibited a response similar to that observed in subsonic boundary layer flows recovering from an impulse of streamline curvature (Smits, Young & Bradshaw 1979b). The turbulent shear stress vanished throughout most of the boundary layer, and an overall destruction of the turbulence production mechanisms was apparent as the boundary layer exhibited a slow recovery.
The Environment of the Optically Brightest Herbig Ae Star, HD 104237

We investigate the environment of the nearest Herbig Ae star, HD 104237, with a multiwavelength combination of optical coronagraphic, near-IR, and mid-IR imaging supported by optical, UV, and far-ultraviolet spectroscopy. We confirm the presence of T Tauri stars associated with the Herbig Ae star HD 104237, noted by Feigelson et al. We find that two of the stars within 15'' of HD 104237 have IR excesses, potentially indicating the presence of circumstellar disks, in addition to the Herbig Ae star itself. We derive a new spectral type of A7.5Ve-A8Ve for HD 104237 and find log(L/L☉) = 1.39. With these data, HD 104237 has an age of t ≈ 5 Myr, in agreement with the estimates for the other members of the association. HD 104237 is still actively accreting, with a conspicuous UV/far-UV excess seen down to 1040 Å, and is driving a bipolar microjet termed HH 669. This makes it the second, older Herbig Ae star now known to have a microjet. The presence of the microjet enables us to constrain the circumstellar disk to r ≤ 0. ″6 (70 AU) with an inclination angle of i = 18 from pole-on. The absence of a spatially extended continuum and fluorescent H2 emission near Lyα is in agreement with the prediction of shadowed disk models for the IR spectral energy distribution. With the high spatial density of disks in this group of stars, proximity, and minimal reddening, HD 104237 and its companions should serve as ideal laboratories for probing the comparative evolution of planetary systems.
Research on the Dynamic Response Properties of Nonlethal Projectiles for Injury Risk Assessment

Based on the models already on the market, we have manufactured six types of nonlethal projectiles. We have made convex heads out of polyurethane foam (PUR) filled with mineral fillers like alumina (Al2O3) and montmorillonite (MMT). We chose a suitable holder for nonlethal projectiles. Also, we made a custom industrial model and used CAD modeling in SolidWorks to simulate the deformation of the nonlethal projectiles. The polymeric nonlethal projectile holders were then 3D-printed. We performed a dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and discussed the results. Likewise, we conducted ballistic impact experiments on nonlethal projectiles (XM1006) and nonlethal projectiles manufactured that were evaluated using a rigid wall and a pneumatic launcher. Furthermore, we looked at cell structure, the spread of the mean pore diameter, and the particle size distributions of the mineral fillers using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We evaluated and discussed injury risks from nonlethal impacts. Data on nonlethal projectile lethality and safe impact speed are collected. This study explains how lab studies and real-world practice coexist through nonlethal projectile properties.
Population, Clinical, and Scientific Impact of National Cancer Institute's National Clinical Trials Network Treatment Studies

PURPOSE In the United States, the National Cancer Institute National Cancer Clinical Trials Network (NCTN) groups have conducted publicly funded oncology research for 50 years. The combined impact of all adult network group trials has never been systematically examined. METHODS We identified randomized, phase III trials from the adult NCTN groups, reported from 1980 onward, with statistically significant findings for ≥ 1 clinical, time-dependent outcomes. In the subset of trials in which the experimental arm improved overall survival, gains in population life-years were estimated by deriving trial-specific hazard functions and hazard ratios to estimate the experimental treatment benefit and then mapping this trial-level benefit onto the US cancer population using registry and life-table data. Scientific impact was based on citation data from Google Scholar. Federal investment costs per life-year gained were estimated. The results were derived through December 31, 2020. RESULTS One hundred sixty-two trials comprised of 108,334 patients were analyzed, representing 29.8% (162/544) of trials conducted. The most common cancers included breast (34), gynecologic (28), and lung (14). The trials were cited 165,336 times (mean, 62.2 citations/trial/year); 87.7% of trials were cited in cancer care guidelines in favor of the recommended treatment. These studies were estimated to have generated 14.2 million (95% CI, 11.5 to 16.5 million) additional life-years to patients with cancer, with projected gains of 24.1 million (95% CI, 19.7 to 28.2 million) life-years by 2030. The federal investment cost per life-year gained through 2020 was $326 in US dollars. CONCLUSION NCTN randomized trials have been widely cited and are routinely included in clinical guidelines. Moreover, their conduct has predicted substantial improvements in overall survival in the United States for patients with oncologic disease, suggesting they have contributed meaningfully to this nation's health. These findings demonstrate the critical role of government-sponsored research in extending the lives of patients with cancer.
The epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease in Asia and Asian immigrants to Western countries

Abstract Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which comprises Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is an idiopathic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract. The incidence and prevalence of IBD are rapidly increasing worldwide, particularly in newly industrialized regions such as Asia. Although a large medical armamentarium is available for treating this chronic disease, IBD imposes a marked global disease burden. To understand the complex etiopathogenesis of this condition, it is important to consider the rapidly changing trends in its epidemiology in Asia. During the past few decades, the incidence and prevalence of IBD have significantly increased in both Asian countries and Asian immigrants in Western countries. In this review, we aimed to study and update the epidemiology of IBD in diverse Asian regions and among Asian immigrants in North America and Europe. Moreover, we highlighted that this population exhibits a unique disease phenotype, such as male predominance and high frequency of perianal fistula in Crohn's disease. Also, a different disease phenotype including more complicated disease such as perianal complications was noted in Asian Americans and Asian Europeans.
Single-electron transistors: Electrostatic analogs of the DC SQUIDS

Dynamics of two simple structures (Fig. 2) comprising twin pairs of small tunnel junctions is analyzed. If the single-electron conductances R\min{1.2}\max{-1} and capacitances C 1.2 of the junctions are small enough (Eq 1), the dynamics is influenced drastically by e-quantization of the electrical charge Q of the central electrode. As a result, the structures become close analogs of the dc SQUIDs within the framework of the well-known electro \leftrightarrow magnetic duality ( Q\leftrightarrow\Phi , etc.). In particular, the dc I-V curves of the structures can be controlled by the "gate" voltage U, so that the devices can be used as "Single-Electron Transistors" (SETs) with characteristics resembling those of the usual FETs, but at a new quantitative level. Analysis shows that the physics of the SETs allows much smaller dimensions, higher cutoff frequencies and much lower power consumption than for their semiconductor counterparts. New transistors can be apparently used to achieve extremely large integration scales, possibly opening a way to three-dimensional and molecular-level integration.
Photonic measurement technologies for high-speed electronics

In this paper we review recent advances in photonic measurement technologies for high-speed electronics covering the frequency range from gigahertz to terahertz. In the first part we describe the basic technologies for photonic measurement, i.e. the generation and detection of high-frequency electrical signals. In the second part, we discuss recent practical applications, including high-speed integrated circuit probers, sampling oscilloscopes, network analysers, and imaging systems.
Atmospheric Boundary-Layer Properties Affecting Wind Forecasting in Coastal Regions.

Abstract Atmospheric boundary-layer properties and processes in gulf and coastal regions have special characteristics that are important in forecasting winds and ocean forcing. Accurate coastal-wind predictions require knowledge of local responses to a given synoptic-forcing scenario. The overwater surface roughness effect on wind stress, specified by a neutral drag coefficient, for a 15 m s−1 surface wind averages 25% higher in coastal regions than in open-ocean regions. The change in sea state associated with a sharp sea surface temperature gradient (front) caused a 10%–20% increase in neutral drag coefficient. Sea-state and wind-wave orientation changes associated with an atmospheric cold front increased the neutral drag coefficient by a factor of 2 for a 3–4-h period following the frontal passage. The effect of increased drag coefficient on surface wind speed is to slow it down by an amount that depends on the height of the inversion base and other processes within the boundary layer. An example of a .
Expression and Polymorphisms of SMAD1, SMAD2 and SMAD3 Genes and Their Association with Litter Size in Tibetan Sheep (Ovis aries)

SMAD1, SMAD2, and SMAD3 are important transcription factors downstream of the TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway that mediates several physiological processes. In the current study, we used cloning sequencing, RT-qPCR, bioinformatics methods and iMLDR technology to clone the coding region of Tibetan sheep genes, analyze the protein structure and detect the tissue expression characteristics of Tibetan sheep genes, and detect the polymorphisms of 433 Tibetan sheep and analyze their correlation with litter size. The results showed that the ORFs of the SMAD1, SMAD2 and SMAD3 genes were 1398 bp, 1404 bp and 1278 bp, respectively, and encoded 465, 467 and 425 amino acids, respectively. The SMAD1, SMAD2, and SMAD3 proteins were all unstable hydrophilic mixed proteins. SMAD1, SMAD2 and SMAD3 were widely expressed in Tibetan sheep tissues, and all were highly expressed in the uterus, spleen, ovary and lung tissues. Litter sizes of the genotype CC in the SMAD1 gene g.10729C>T locus were significantly higher than that of CT (p < 0.05). In the SMAD3 gene g.21447C>T locus, the genotype TT individuals showed a higher litter size than the CC and CT genotype individuals (p < 0.05). These results preliminarily demonstrated that SMAD1, SMAD2 and SMAD3 were the major candidate genes that affected litter size traits in Tibetan sheep and could be used as a molecular genetic marker for early auxiliary selection for improving reproductive traits during sheep breeding.
Sobre a aplicação de homomorfismo na criptografia

Resumo. O uso de novas tecnologias e da internet vem crescendo, por isso, devemos garantir a privacidade e a segurança dos usuários ao navegar na web. Com este intuito, o esquema de criptografia depende do compartilhamento de uma chave entre os pares envolvidos na troca de uma mensagem. O conceito de homomorfismo foi utilizado como uma possível solução para a computação sem a necessidade de decifrar os dados. A Criptografia Homomórfica é o esquema de criptografia que preserva a privacidade e segurança dos dados criptografados.
Scalable Slip Control With Torque Vectoring Including Input-to-State Stability Analysis

Electric motors offer new opportunities and challenges for wheel slip control and improve performance during accelerating, braking, and dynamic cornering. This work proposes a robust slip control system for electric vehicles. The system is suitable for a driven axle with two electric motors or a single electric motor and an electronically controlled differential. The torque is controlled individually for each wheel, enabling lateral torque distribution. The control design considers the torsional dynamics of the drive shafts and is performed via input–output linearization. The internal dynamics and the overall closed-loop system are analyzed regarding input-to-state stability. The approach is implemented on a prototype vehicle with two electric motors on the rear axle. The control performance is experimentally analyzed for accelerating on a road with different road surfaces on the left- and right-hand sides. The results show good tracking behavior, oscillation damping, disturbance attenuation, and robustness for various setpoints. The presented slip controller can be combined with high-level control systems to further shape the driving behavior.
Optimum Design of Cross-Flow In-Line Tube Banks at Constant Wall Temperature

For many applications, it is important to transfer a given amount of heat with minimum possible volume of heat exchanger for a given pressure loss and efficiency. In this study, such optimum design of cross-flow in-line tube banks at constant wall temperature is carried out. For this purpose, two different methods, namely, the Gnielinski + Gaddis and Zukauskas methods, for the calculation of heat transfer coefficient and pressure loss in tube banks are used. By prescribing the tube diameter, heat exchanger efficiency, and pressure loss of heat exchanger, the pitch length and tube numbers in the flow direction are determined for the condition of the maximum heat flow per heat exchanger volume. For a given value of total heat to be transferred, the length, the height, and the width of heat exchanger can be determined. Equations for this optimum design are derived using appropriate dimensionless numbers. The methodology of the optimum design is explained for a practical example.
DAMPs Released from Proinflammatory Macrophages Induce Inflammation in Cardiomyocytes via Activation of TLR4 and TNFR

Cardiac dysfunction is a life-threatening complication in sepsis. Upon infection and cardiac stress, the cardiac macrophage population expands. Recruited macrophages exhibit a predominantly proinflammatory phenotype and release danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that contribute to cardiac dysfunction. However, the underlying pathomechanisms are highly complex and not fully understood. Here, we utilized an indirect macrophage–cardiomyocyte co-culture model to study the effects of proinflammatory macrophages on the activation of different cardiac receptors (TLR3, TLR4, and TNFR) and their role in cardiac inflammation and caspase-3/7 activation. The stimulation of cardiomyocytes with conditioned medium of LPS-stimulated macrophages resulted in elevated IL-6 protein concentrations and relative IL-6 and TNFα mRNA levels. Conditioned medium from LPS-stimulated macrophages also induced NFκB translocation and increased caspase-3/7 activation in cardiomyocytes. Analyzing the role of different cardiac receptors, we found that TLR4 and TNFR inhibition reduces cardiac inflammation and that the inhibition of TNFR prevents NFκB translocation into the nuclei of cardiomyocytes, induced by exposure to conditioned medium of proinflammatory macrophages. Moreover, we demonstrated that TLR3 inhibition reduces macrophage-mediated caspase-3/7 activation. Our results suggest that the immune response of macrophages under inflammatory conditions leads to the release of DAMPs, such as eRNA and cytokines, which in turn induce cardiomyocyte dysfunction. Thus, the data obtained in this study contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of cardiac dysfunction.
Robust Stability Analysis of Delay-Dependence for a Class of Switched Uncertain Systems with Time Delay

Some new criteria of delay-dependent stability for the switched time-delay uncertain system are deduced by employing time-switched method and the comparison theorem in this paper. The total activation time ratio of the switching law can be determined to guarantee the switched time-delay uncertain system is exponentially stable with stability margin . Finally, this method can be extended to switched interval systems with time-delay. Some examples are exploited to illustrate the proposed schemes.
Bias-Reduced Doubly Robust Estimation

Over the past decade, doubly robust estimators have been proposed for a variety of target parameters in causal inference and missing data models. These are asymptotically unbiased when at least one of two nuisance working models is correctly specified, regardless of which. While their asymptotic distribution is not affected by the choice of root-n consistent estimators of the nuisance parameters indexing these working models when all working models are correctly specified, this choice of estimators can have a dramatic impact under misspecification of at least one working model. In this article, we will therefore propose a simple and generic estimation principle for the nuisance parameters indexing each of the working models, which is designed to improve the performance of the doubly robust estimator of interest, relative to the default use of maximum likelihood estimators for the nuisance parameters. The proposed approach locally minimizes the squared first-order asymptotic bias of the doubly robust estimator under misspecification of both working models and results in doubly robust estimators with easy-to-calculate asymptotic variance. It moreover improves the stability of the weights in those doubly robust estimators which invoke inverse probability weighting. Simulation studies confirm the desirable finite-sample performance of the proposed estimators. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
The Euclid Mission

Euclid is a high precision survey mission under development by the European Space Agency to investigate the properties of Dark Energy and Dark Matter by means of a weak lensing and baryon acoustic oscillations experiments. The technical capabilities of Euclid are such that it also addresses other cosmological and astronomical topics, providing an unprecedented science legacy. The survey mission will carry out an imaging and spectroscopic survey of the entire extragalactic sky (20,000 deg2). Euclid carries a meter class telescope which feeds two instruments: a visible imager (VIS), a near-infrared photometer combined with a medium resolution spectrometer (NISP). The two instruments have identical sized field of views (0.5 deg2) and will operate simultaneously in step-and-stare mode. The nominal mission period is 5 years. We describe the mission, the satellite, and the payload concepts, which we have adopted at the start of the definition phase.
Magnetic-Free Quaternion-Based Robust Unscented Kalman Filter for Upper Limb Kinematic Analysis

Human motion analysis is a field of increasing interest. In most applications, an accurate estimation of joint angles is needed. Inertial measurement units (IMUs) represent a very promising technology for motion capture. Unfortunately, their performances are strongly influenced by different sources of error (e.g., gyroscopes biases). To limit the effect of these sources of error, several algorithms (usually defined as “sensor fusion” algorithms) are used. The proposed work aims to validate a magnetic-free quaternion-based robust unscented Kalman filter (UKF) for upper limb kinematic analysis (i.e., estimation of the articular joint angles), using an inertial body sensor network, in a set of complex 3-D movements (i.e., the yoga poses). The algorithm was tested on ten expert yoga practitioners during the execution of the sun salutation sequence. Joint angle estimations were compared with the ones obtained from an optoelectronic reference system by evaluating the root mean square errors (RMSEs) and Pearson’s correlation coefficients. The achieved worst case was 8.41°, while the best one was 2.96° for RMSEs mean values. The accuracy of the algorithm was further confirmed by the high values of Pearson’s correlation coefficients (lowest mean value of 0.80). In addition, the comparison with one of the most used filters for attitude estimation [extended Kalman filter (EKF)] showed no significant differences between the two methods. Up to authors knowledge, the scientific literature lacks the development of a complete magnetic-free version of the UKF for human motion capture and analysis in complex movements, such as the one introduced here. The proposed work aims at filling this gap.