Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiple Regimes and Low-Frequency Variability in the Quasi-Adiabatic Overturning Circulation

© 2015 American Meteorological Society. When interior mixing is weak, the ocean can support an interhemispheric overturning circulation on isopycnals that outcrop in both the Northern Hemisphere and a high-latitude southern circumpolar channel. This overturning cell participates in a salt-advection feedback that counteracts the precipitation-induced surface freshening of the northern high latitudes. The net result is an increase in the range of isopycnals shared between the two hemispheres, which strengthens the overturning circulation. However, if precipitation in the Northern Hemisphere sufficiently exceeds that in the Southern Hemisphere, the overturning cell collapses and is replaced by a cell circulating in the opposite direction, whose southern end point is equatorward of the channel. This reversed cell is shallower and weaker than its forward counterpart and is maintained diffusively. For a limited range of parameters, freshwater hysteresis occurs and multiple overturning regimes are found for the same forcing. These multiple regimes are, by definition, unstable with regard to finite-amplitude disturbances, since a sufficiently large perturbation can affect a transition from one regime to the other. Both overturning regimes show pronounced, nearly periodic thermohaline variability on multidecadal and multicentennial time scales. The multidecadal oscillation is expressed in the North Hemisphere gyre and driven by a surface thermohaline instability. The multicentennial oscillation has the character of an interhemispheric loop oscillation. These oscillations mediate transitions between overturning regimes by providing an internal source of finite-amplitude disturbances. As the diffusivity is reduced, the reverse cell becomes weaker and thus less stable to a given perturbation amplitude. This causes the width of the hysteresis to decrease with decreasing diffusivity.
Effect of Humic acid and potassium sulfate spraying on growth and yield of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.)

This study was carried out in the green house of the Agricultural-Research and Experiment>Station, College of Agriculture, University of Kirkuk, Sayada area, Kirkuk, Iraq during the season 2021-2022 to study the effect of humic and potassium sulfate spraying on the growth and yield of Rubegym strawberries. The experiment was-included two factors, the first being three levels of sulfate Potassium (0, 1000 and 20000) mg L-1, and the second factor was three concentrations of humic, which is (0, 2 and 4) g L-1, using the randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D.) as a factorial experiment, using 10 seedlings per experimental unit, and the data were analyzed statistically using the (SAS V 9.0) program, and the averages were compared according to Dunkin's multinomial test at the probability level (0.05). Total. Soluble. Solids and vitamin C compared to control treatment.
MODELACIÓN DE LA DISTRIBUCIÓN GEOGRÁFICA POTENCIAL DE DOS ESPECIES DE PSITÁCIDOS NEOTROPICALES UTILIZANDO VARIABLES CLIMÁTICAS Y TOPOGRÁFICAS

RESUMEN. Las variables climaticas y topograficas influyen en la seleccion del habitat y en las tasas demograficas de muchas especies, por lo que son utilizadas para generar modelos de distribucion geo-grafica potencial. En este estudio se identifico a las variables climaticas y topograficas mas importantes en la generacion de la distribucion geografica potencial del loro yucateco ( Amazona xantholora ) y el lo-ro cabeza amarilla ( Amazona oratrix ) en la Peninsula de Yucatan. Los modelos se generaron utilizando MaxEnt (algoritmo basado en la Maxima Entropia). Se emplearon los registros de presencia obtenidos de diferentes bases de datos disponibles de la Comision Nacional de Areas Naturales Protegidas (CO-NANP) y de El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR). Se realizaron 100 replicas de los modelos por especie y se selecciono como el mejor modelo el que representa el valor de la mediana. Para obtener un mapa de presencia/ausencia se aplicaron diferentes lineas de corte a este mejor modelo. Para validar el modelo se utilizaron registros de presencia y ausencia tomados en expediciones de campo posteriores. Para determinar las variables que contribuian mas en la generacion de los modelos se seleccionaron las de mayor aporte en el Jackknife de variables con los datos del AUC, el porcentaje de contribucion de cada una y las curvas de respuesta.
Risk education in Serbia

Natural disaster risk reduction can be achieved through vulnerability reduction, as well as through strengthening the resilience of the population. One of the segments leading to these aims is a proper risk education. It is the public (compulsory) education system that reaches the greatest number of participants and represents a good platform for the natural disaster knowledge transfer. Geography, as a complex subject that includes both natural and social components, is the most appropriate to transfer the knowledge necessary to improve the resilience. Research done in Serbia (detailed analyses of curricula, textbooks, teachers' role and pupils' knowledge) shows that children do learn about natural disasters but not in a way which provides usable knowledge.
Effects of Debtors’ Management on Financial Performance of Savings and Credit Cooperative Organizations in Nandi County, Kenya

Savings and Credit Cooperative Organizations (SACCOs) are key components of the economy and social development. However, it’s experiencing both internal and external issues that should be handled. The study attempted to identify the effects of business financial parameters on the performance of SACCOS in Nandi County. Specifically, the study investigated the effects of the management of loan debtors on the financial performance of SACCOs in Nandi County. The study was guided by liquidity preference theory, human capital theory, efficient structure theory, and Pecking order theory. The study used a descriptive research design to examine all the influences on financial performance. The target population was therefore all the ten SACCOS in Nandi County registered and licensed as of January 2023, where eighty-seven employees were randomly sampled to participate. The primary sources of data collection used in data collection were structured questionnaires as the main tool. Content validity was used to determine the validity, while Cronchbach’s alpha coefficient was used to determine the reliability of the research instrument. The data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. For descriptive statistics, tables and narratives were used, and for inferential statistics, correlations and regression analyses were used. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences software (SPSS) helped with data analysis. The study findings indicated that there was a positive and significant effect of loan debt management on the performance of Saccos in Nandi County (t = 9.833, P < 0.05). The study recommended that Sacco management should maintain a credit policy manual to help in debt recovery and even avail the required resources needed for effective management of loan debtors.
The tourism area life cycle, Volume 2: conceptual and theoretical issues.

This volume consists of specially invited chapters by leading researchers who have reviewed the original model in the light of their own and other conceptual and theoretical positions and models. The book is divided into five sections, the conceptual origins of the TALC, spatial relationships and the TALC, alternative conceptual approaches, renewing or retiring with the TALC, and predicting with the TALC. The book concludes with a review of the future potential of the model in the area of the destination development process.
Petrology and mineralogy of the Yamato-82162 chondrite (CI)

Yamato-82162 (Y-82162) is a regolith breccia including many kinds of clasts. The clasts are classified into 6 clast-types on the basis of the predominant phase and the textures. They are phyllosilicate, carbonate, unusual, magnetite, composite, and matrix-like clast-types. The phyllosilicate clasts are subdivided into two subtypes, sodian talc-rich and chlorite-rich. The sodian talc-rich clasts consist mainly of sodian talc and minor chlorite (or serpentine), and they are coarse­ grained and homogeneous in chemical composition. They seem to have formed in hot and deep interior of the parent body. Chlorite-rich clasts, magnetite clasts, and matrix-like clasts consist mainly of chlorite and minor sodian talc, and they show unique microtextures; amygdule, network-like, and microspherulitic. The three clast-types seem to have formed near the surface of the parent body. Matrix-like and composite clasts are sometimes cut across by phyllosilicate veins, which may have been formed by a fluid coming from the interior of the parent body where sodian talc­ rich clasts were produced. The unusual clasts include FeO-bearing periclase which sometimes overgrows on magnetite grains and is rimmed by an unknown Fe-Ca-S-0 phase, suggesting that the unusual clasts were produced from carbonate-rich pre­ cursors by heating events. In addition to these clasts, Y-82162 includes anhydrous chondritic fragments, which were projectiles collided on the parent body to have produced the regolith breccia of Y-82162.
Effect of 3-Dimensional Imaging Device on Polyp and Adenoma Detection During Colonoscopy: A Randomized Controlled Trial

INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the effect of 3-dimensional (3D) imaging device on polyp and adenoma detection during colonoscopy. METHODS: In a single-blind, randomized controlled trial, participants aged 18–70 years who underwent diagnostic or screening colonoscopy were consecutively enrolled between August 2019 and May 2022. Each participant was randomized in a 1:1 ratio to undergo either 2-dimensional (2D-3D) colonoscopy or 3D-2D colonoscopy through computer-generated random numbers. Primary outcome included polyp detection rate (PDR) and adenoma detection rate (ADR), defined as the proportion of individuals with at least 1 polyp or adenoma detected during colonoscopy. The primary analysis was intention-to-treat. RESULTS: Of 1,196 participants recruited, 571 in 2D-3D group and 583 in 3D-2D group were finally included after excluding those who met the exclusion criteria. The PDR between 2D and 3D groups was separately 39.6% and 40.5% during phase 1 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.76–1.22, P = 0.801), whereas PDR was significantly higher in 3D group (27.7%) than that of 2D group (19.9%) during phase 2, with a 1.54-fold increase (1.17–2.02, P = 0.002). Similarly, the ADR during phase 1 between 2D (24.7%) and 3D (23.8%) groups was not significant (OR = 1.05, 0.80–1.37, P = 0.788), while ADR was significantly higher in 3D group (13.8%) than that of 2D group (9.9%) during phase 2, with a 1.45-fold increase (1.01–2.08, P = 0.041). Further subgroup analysis confirmed significantly higher PDR and ADR of 3D group during phase 2, particularly in midlevel and junior endoscopists. DISCUSSION: The 3D imaging device could improve overall PDR and ADR during colonoscopy, particularly in midlevel and junior endoscopists. Trial number: ChiCTR1900025000.
Stochastic Analysis of Unsaturated Flow in Heterogeneous Soils: 1. Statistically Isotropic Media

Steady unsaturated flow with vertical mean infiltration through unbounded heterogeneous porous media is analyzed using a perturbation approximation of the stochastic flow equation which is solved by spectral representation techniques. The hydraulic conductivity K is related to the capillary pressure head ψ by K = Ks exp (−αψ), where Ks is the saturated conductivity, and α is a soil parameter. A general formulation is presented for the case with Ks and α represented as statistically homogeneous spatial random fields. In part 1, solutions are developed assuming α is constant and representing Ks variability by one-dimensional and three-dimensional isotropic random fields. Results are obtained for head variances and covariance functions, effective hydraulic conductivities, variances of the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, flux variances, and variance of pressure gradient. When the parameter α is relatively large, corresponding to coarse textured soils, the head variance decreases and all of the results demonstrate a trend toward gravitationally dominated one-dimensional vertical flow. The effective conductivity is dependent on the correlation scale of ln Ks and the mean hydraulic gradient.
αB-Crystallin Peptide Fused with Elastin-like Polypeptide: Intracellular Activity in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Challenged with Oxidative Stress

Background: Oxidative stress-induced retinal degeneration is among the main contributing factors of serious ocular pathologies that can lead to irreversible blindness. αB-crystallin (cry) is an abundant component of the visual pathway in the vitreous humor, which modulates protein and cellular homeostasis. Within this protein exists a 20 amino acid fragment (mini-cry) with both chaperone and antiapoptotic activity. This study fuses this mini-cry peptide to two temperature-sensitive elastin-like polypeptides (ELP) with the goal of prolonging its activity in the retina. Methods: The biophysical properties and chaperone activity of cry-ELPs were confirmed by mass spectrometry, cloud-point determination, and dynamic light scattering ’DLS’. For the first time, this work compares a simpler ELP architecture, cry-V96, with a previously reported ELP diblock copolymer, cry-SI. Their relative mechanisms of cellular uptake and antiapoptotic potential were tested using retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19). Oxidative stress was induced with H2O2 and comparative internalization of both cry-ELPs was made using 2D and 3D culture models. We also explored the role of lysosomal membrane permeabilization by confocal microscopy. Results: The results indicated successful ELP fusion, cellular association with both 2D and 3D cultures, which were enhanced by oxidative stress. Both constructs suppressed apoptotic signaling (cleaved caspase-3); however, cry-V96 exhibited greater lysosomal escape. Conclusions: ELP architecture is a critical factor to optimize delivery of therapeutic peptides, such as the anti-apoptotic mini-cry peptide; furthermore, the protection of mini-cry via ELPs is enhanced by lysosomal membrane permeabilization.
Analisis Strategi Bisnis PT. Asuransi Jiwa Inhealth Indonesia

The purpose of this research is to analyze the business strategy of PT. Asuransi Jiwa Inhealth Indonesia. The research was carried out in an effort to identify the company's external and internal factors, and then determine a strategy using SWOT Analysis, Space Matrix and QSPM Matrix. The scope of research includes the external environment with PESTEL and the internal environment which consists of aspects that exist within the company. The population in this study are L3 and L2 managers at the service office level throughout Indonesia. The sample in this study used a purposive sample so that a sample of 5 managers and 2 people from external parties was obtained. data collection techniques by conducting interviews. The method used in this research is to use a comprehensive strategic management model. The results of the research based on the TOWS analysis obtained 16 alternative strategies that could be implemented by Mandiri Inhealth. The results of the IE analysis show that the point of intersection between the EFE and IFE analysis scores is in cell V which indicates the right alternative strategy implemented by the company, namely market penetration and product development. The results of the QSPM analysis on it can be concluded that the best strategy implemented by the company is a product development strategy with the highest total QSPM score (6.465). The limitations of this study are that it is based on corporate strategy regulations, uses SWOT analysis, IE Matrix and QSPM, only discusses Health Insurance products and does not use Business Model Canvas (BMC) analysis and also Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Suggestions for future researchers to add analysis using BMC and FGD between divisions so that planning and execution can run well according to the targets set.
A regression model for the mass-balance distribution of the Vatnajökull ice cap, Iceland

Abstract A non-linear regression model describing the mass-balance distribution of the whole Vatnajökull ice cap, Iceland, for the years 1992–2000 is presented. All available data from some 40 locations over this 9 year period were used to determine the parameters of the model. The regression model uses six adjustable parameters which all have a clear physical interpretation. They are the slope, direction and the height of the equilibrium-line altitude (ELA) plane, two altitude mass-balance gradients, and a maximum value of the surface mass balance. It is found that the temporal variation of the observed mass-balance distribution can be accurately described through annual shifts of the ELA. Annual shifts in ELA are on the order of 100 m, which is of the same magnitude as the change expected to be caused by the climate variation predicted during the next decades. A slight trend towards a more negative mass balance is detected during this 9 year period.
YAP/ACSL4 Pathway-Mediated Ferroptosis Promotes Renal Fibrosis in the Presence of Kidney Stones

The potential association between calcium oxalate stones and renal fibrosis has been extensively investigated; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Ferroptosis is a novel form of cell death characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and regulated by acyl coenzyme A synthase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4). Yes-associated protein (YAP), a transcriptional co-activator in the Hippo pathway, promotes ferroptosis by modulating ACSL4 expression. Nevertheless, the involvement of YAP–ACSL4 axis-mediated ferroptosis in calcium oxalate crystal deposition-induced renal fibrosis and its molecular mechanisms have not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated ACSL4 expression and ferroptosis activation in the kidney tissues of patients with calcium oxalate stones and in mice using single-cell sequencing, transcriptome RNA sequencing, immunohistochemical analysis, and Western blot analysis. In vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that inhibiting ferroptosis or ACSL4 mitigated calcium oxalate crystal-induced renal fibrosis. Furthermore, YAP expression was elevated in the kidney tissues of patients with calcium oxalate stones and in calcium oxalate crystal-stimulated human renal tubular epithelial cell lines. Mechanistically, in calcium oxalate crystal-stimulated human renal tubular epithelial cell lines, activated YAP translocated to the nucleus and enhanced ACSL4 expression, consequently inducing cellular ferroptosis. Moreover, YAP silencing suppressed ferroptosis by downregulating ACSL4 expression, thereby attenuating calcium oxalate crystal-induced renal fibrosis. Conclusively, our findings suggest that YAP–ACSL4-mediated ferroptosis represents an important mechanism underlying the induction of renal fibrosis by calcium oxalate crystal deposition. Targeting the YAP–ACSL4 axis and ferroptosis may therefore hold promise as a potential therapeutic approach for preventing renal fibrosis in patients with kidney stones.
Is there any record of meteorite impact in the Archean rocks of North America

Current speculations on the early impact history of the earth between 4.5 and 3.0 billion years ago range from simple analogies between mare basalts and Archean terrestrial greenstones to casual dismissal. The latter is based on the view that the high rate of convection in the Archean would have obliterated the effects of impact via plate tectonic processes. In the present paper it is suggested that the impact process may have been the prime control on localizing the convection process. The Superior Province and basin-in-basin structure within it may be a record of such localized convection.
ROCKFALL ACTIVITY OF CLIFF INFERRED FROM DEPOSIT AND CONE METHOD

Assuming that fresh scree slopes are significant indicators of recent rockfall activity, they can be used as activity indicators for a given rockfall source area. Using simple geometric rules and a DTM (digital elevation model), the propagation zone can be estimated by considering that each potential rockfall source cell (corresponding to the entire cliff) can generate a scree slope within a cone with a slope ranging from 27◦ to 37◦. Thus, the count of pixels representing rockfall deposits that are contained in this cone represents a relative scale of recent rockfall activity. According to Evans and Hungr (1993), the source cell can be chosen at the bottom of the cliff, with lower angles. Choosing the entire cliff or the bottom of the cliff as source area depends on the morphology of the slope situated below the cliff. The cone can also be laterally limited in order to avoid the counting of illogical rock slope trajectories (+-20◦). In Switzerland, the vectorized 1:25,000 topographic map (vector25) can provide scree slope and cliff area data sets. Results obtained using this method show good agreement with field observations, although it is evident that the highest topographic reliefs are favored by this method, as verified in the Alps. Compared to the method of Menendez Duarte and Marquinez (2002), which uses GIS-calculated watersheds as propagation areas, the present method does not take small changes of topography into account.
Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Dynamic and Rapid Transcriptional Reprogramming Involved in Heat Stress and Identification of Heat Response Genes in Rice

High temperature is one of the most important environmental factors influencing rice growth, development, and yield. Therefore, it is important to understand how rice plants cope with high temperatures. Herein, the heat tolerances of T2 (Jinxibai) and T21 (Taizhongxianxuan2hao) were evaluated at 45 °C, and T21 was found to be sensitive to heat stress at the seedling stage. Analysis of the H2O2 and proline content revealed that the accumulation rate of H2O2 was higher in T21, whereas the accumulation rate of proline was higher in T2 after heat treatment. Meanwhile, transcriptome analysis revealed that several pathways participated in the heat response, including “protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum”, “plant hormone signal transduction”, and “carbon metabolism”. Additionally, our study also revealed that different pathways participate in heat stress responses upon prolonged stress. The pathway of “protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum” plays an important role in stress responses. We found that most genes involved in this pathway were upregulated and peaked at 0.5 or 1 h after heat treatment. Moreover, sixty transcription factors, including the members of the AP2/ERF, NAC, HSF, WRKY, and C2H2 families, were found to participate in the heat stress response. Many of them have also been reported to be involved in biotic or abiotic stresses. In addition, through PPI (protein–protein interactions) analysis, 22 genes were identified as key genes in the response to heat stress. This study improves our understanding of thermotolerance mechanisms in rice, and also lays a foundation for breeding thermotolerant cultivars via molecular breeding.