Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CEREBRAL VENOSUS SINUS THROMBOSIS IN A HEALTHY WOMEN TAKING ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE: A CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE

SUMMARY Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is rare than arterial thrombosis. It can affect all age groups but is seen mostly in young women. The diagnosis of CVST is not easy because of variability of clinical symptoms and signs. The patients can present with headache, papilledema, focal deficit, seizures and coma. The most frequent symptom is severe headache. The most common causes of CVST are pregnancy, puerperium, systemic inflammatory diseases, inherited and acquired coagulation disorders, trauma, lumbar puncture, drugs and infection. The use of oral contraceptive (OC) increases the risk of cerebral sinus thrombosis. If there is an additional hereditary prothrombotic factor, the risk of CVST is more. CVST affects superior sagittal sinus and the lateral sinuses more frequently. More than one sinus is affected in one-third of cases. Computed tomografi helps to exclude other intracranial condition but diagnostic value of CT in CVST is limited. Combination of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance venography (MRV) have replaced cerebral angiography for diagnosis of CVST. The treatment of CVST contain supportive (hydration, antibiotheraphy, anticonvulsant) and anticoagulan treatment. Heparin is effective and safety for the treatment of CVST because of this, it is the first-line treatment. The safety of heparin treatment also has been shown in those patients who had hemorrhagic infarcts. Outcomes of CVST is variable from death to complete improvement, but in general it is favorable. Recurrence of CVT is not common. Herein we present a 33-years old previously healthy women with CVST who taking OC.
Development and validation of ego-identity status.

4 modes of reacting to the late adolescent identity crisis were described, measured, and validated. Criteria for inclusion in 1 of 4 identity statuses were the presence of crisis and commitment in the areas of occupation and ideology. Statuses were determined for 86 college male Ss by means of individual interviews. Performance on a stressful concept-attainment task, patterns of goal setting, authoritarianism, and vulnerability to self-esteem change were dependent variables. Ss higher in ego identity performed best on the conceptattainment task; those in the status characterized by adherence to parental wishes set goals unrealistically high and subscribed significantly more to authoritarian values. Failure of the self-esteem condition to discriminate among the statuses was attributed to unreliability in self-esteem measurement. Ego identity and identity diffusion (Erikson, 19S6, 1963) refer to polar outcomes of the hypothesized psychosocial crisis occurring in late adolescence. Erikson views this phase of the life cycle as a time of growing occupational and ideological commitment. Facing such imminent adult tasks as getting a job and becoming a citizen, the individual is required to synthesize childhood identifications in such a way that he can both establish a reciprocal relationship with his society and maintain a feeling of continuity within himself. Previous studies have attempted to determine the extent of ego-identity achievement by means of an adjustment measure and the semantic differential technique (Bronson, 19S9), a Q-sort measure of real-ideal-se lf discrepancy (Gruen, 1960), a measure of role variability based on adjective ranking (Block,
46,XY gonadal dysgenesis: Evidence for autosomal dominant transmission in a large kindred

46,XY gonadal dysgenesis is characterized by abnormal testicular determination. We describe a large kindred in which various disorders of sexual development were observed, ranging from completely female phenotype without ambiguities of the external genitalia (five cases) to men with isolated penile or perineal hypospadias (four cases), including two cases with moderate virilization and one case with ambiguity of the external genitalia. Histologic examination of gonadal tissue was performed on seven subjects. These findings were suggestive of complete gonadal dysgenesis in one patient, partial gonadal dysgenesis in three patients, and mixed gonadal dysgenesis in three patients. Four patients developed gonadal tumors (two gonadoblastoma, two dysgerminoma, and one immature teratoma, i.e., one patient had a dysgerminoma with some areas of gonadoblastoma). All affected subjects had no other congenital anomalies or dysmorphic features. Analysis of families with several affected individuals with 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis implied an X‐linked mode of inheritance because of the apparent absence of male‐to‐male transmission. However, a sex‐limited autosomal dominant mode of inheritance affecting only XY individuals could not be ruled out. Analysis of the pedigree we report indicated an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance because of male‐to‐male transmission. This kindred supports the involvement of at least one autosomal gene in non‐syndromic 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quality Detection of Fruits by Using ANN Technique

Grading and classification of fruits is based on observations and through experiences. The system utilizes image-processing techniques to classify and grade quality of fruits. Two dimensional fruit images are classified on shape and colour based analysis methods. However, different fruit images may have similar or identical colour and shape values. Hence, using colour or shape features analysis methods are still not effective enough to identify and distinguish fruits images. Therefore, we used a method to increase the accuracy of the fruit quality detection by using colour, shape, and size based method with combination of artificial neural network (ANN). Proposed method grades and classifies fruit images based on obtained feature values by using cascaded forward network. The proposed system starts the process by capturing the fruit’s image. Then, the image is transmitted to the processing level where the fruit features like colour, shape and size of fruit samples are extracted. After that by using artificial neural network fruit images are going through the training and testing. In this proposed paper neural network is used to detect shape, size and colour of fruit and with the combination of these three features the results obtained are very promising.
Local Bayes Risk Minimization Based Stopping Strategy for Hierarchical Classification

In large-scale data classification tasks, it is becoming more and more challenging in finding a true class from a huge amount of candidate categories. Fortunately, a hierarchical structure usually exists in these massive categories. The task of utilizing this structure for effective classification is called hierarchical classification. It usually follows a top-down fashion which predicts a sample from the root node with a coarse-grained category to a leaf node with a fine-grained category. However, misclassification is inevitable if the information is insufficient or large uncertainty exists in the prediction process. In this scenario, we can design a stopping strategy to stop the sample at an internal node with a coarser category, instead of predicting a wrong leaf node. Several studies address the problem by improving performance in terms of hierarchical accuracy and informative prediction. However, all of these researches ignore an important issue: when predicting a sample at the current node, the error is inclined to occur if large uncertainty exists in the next lower level children nodes. In this paper, we integrate this uncertainty into a risk problem: when predicting a sample at a decision node, it will take precipitance risk in predicting the sample to a children node in the next lower level on one hand, and take conservative risk in stopping at the current node on the other. We address the risk problem by designing a Local Bayes Risk Minimization (LBRM) framework, which divides the prediction process into recursively deciding to stop or to go down at each decision node by balancing these two risks in a top-down fashion. Rather than setting a global loss function in the traditional Bayes risk framework, we replace it with different uncertainty in the two risks for each decision node. The uncertainty on the precipitance risk and the conservative risk are measured by information entropy on children nodes and information gain from the current node to children nodes, respectively. We propose a Weighted Tree Induced Error (WTIE) to obtain the predictions of minimum risk with different emphasis on the two risks. Experimental results on various datasets show the effectiveness of the proposed LBRM algorithm.
Exploring Students Acceptance of E-Learning Using Technology Acceptance Model in Jordanian Universities.

Today’s rapid changing world highlights the influence and impact of technology in all aspects of learning life. Higher Education institutions in developed Western countries believe that these developments offer rich opportunities to embed technological innovations within the learning environment. This places developing countries, striving to be equally competitive in international markets, under tremendous pressure to similarly embed appropriate blends of technologies within their learning and curriculum approaches, and consequently enhance and innovate their learning experiences. Although many universities across the world have incorporated internet-based learning systems, the success of their implementation requires an extensive understanding of the end user acceptance process. Learning using technology has become a popular approach within higher education institutions due to the continuous growth of Internet innovations and technologies. Therefore, this paper focuses on the investigation of students, who attempt to successfully adopt e-learning systems at universities in Jordan. The conceptual research framework of e-learning adoption, which is used in the analysis, is based on the technology acceptance model. The study also provides an indicator of students’ acceptance of e-learning as well as identifying the important factors that would contribute to its successful use. The outcomes will enrich the understanding of students’ acceptance of e-learning and will assist in its continuing implementation at Jordanian Universities.
THE ROLE OF ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIC AND ADRENOCORTICOSTEROID HORMONES IN THE TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS

Although adrenocorticotrophic (ACTH) and adrenocorticosteroid hormones (corticosteroids) have been under study for more than 10 years, their actual role as adjuncts in the management of infection remains debatable. Nevertheless, there is some evidence to suggest that the short term use of high doses of corticotrophic and corticosteroid hormones in certain severe infections will contribute greatly to early recovery and may prevent disabling seque1ae.l The role of -4CTH and corticosteroids in tuberculous infection has evolved slowly because of the well-founded knowledge that these substances will enhance tuberculous infection and may cause dissernination.2-l0 Consequently, corticosteroid hormones were long considered to be strictly contraindicated in the presence of known or suspected tuberculous infection. Accelerated clinical improvement and the conservation of tissue are such highly desirable goals in progressive tuberculous disease, however, that measures adjunctive to chemotherapy continue to be sought. When it became apparent that adequate chemotherapy combined with ACTH or corticosteroids would prevent the enhancement of the tuberculous p r o ~ e s s ~ ~ ~ ~ and still permit the desired hormone effects,14 these substances then assumed a potential importance in the management of fulminating tuberculosid6-18 and in cases of miliary,l mer~ ingea l ,~~-~~ and serous surface involvement.23 The question of whether ACTH and corticosteroids had a role in the routine treatment of tuberculosis now arose. There are some authors who feel that they do have such a Worthwhile adjunctive therapy in the usual case of pulmonary tuberculosis, however, must pass a very severe test. Chemotherapy is so highly effective that there is little room for a degree of improvement that does not also result in unpleasant side effects or in dangerous complications. The question has revolved about essentially three points, (1) accelerated recovery, (2) conservation of pulmonary tissue and, (3) effect upon residual cavities. The accelerated symptom response afforded by treatment with corticosteroids has been well shown many timesz5 v z 6 but objective evidence of conservation of pulmonary tissue is generally lacking, with two notable exceptions which will be mentioned later. The effect upon the evolution of cavitary lesions does not seem to be greatly different in the cases treated with a steroid, but some observers report a “cleaner” residual cavity with less evidence of specific histologic stigmata of tuberculous di~ease.27. ~~ The implication of these findings is that these “cleaner” residual cavities will be less likely to be the site of future relapse. Longer terms of follow-up will be necessary to establish this fact, as well as to answer the question of whether occult dissemination of tubercle bacilli may take place during combined steroid and chemotherapy .
Enhanced PDE 4 B expression augments LPS-inducible TNF expression in ethanol-primed monocytes : relevance to alcoholic liver disease

Gobejishvili L, Barve S, Joshi-Barve S, McClain C. Enhanced PDE4B expression augments LPS-inducible TNF expression in ethanol-primed monocytes: relevance to alcoholic liver disease. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 295: G718–G724, 2008. First published August 7, 2008; doi:10.1152/ajpgi.90232. 2008. —Increased plasma and hepatic TNFexpression is well documented in patients with alcoholic hepatitis and is implicated in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease. We have previously shown that monocytes from patients with alcoholic hepatitis show increased constitutive and LPS-induced NFB activation and TNFproduction. Our recent studies showed that chronic ethanol exposure significantly decreased cellular cAMP levels in both LPS-stimulated and unstimulated monocytes and Kupffer cells, leading to an increase in LPS-inducible TNFproduction by affecting NFB activation and induction of TNF mRNA expression. Accordingly, the mechanisms underlying this ethanol-induced decrease in cellular cAMP leading to an increase in TNF expression were examined in monocytes/macrophages. In this study, chronic ethanol exposure was observed to significantly increase LPS-inducible expression of cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE)4B that degrades cellular cAMP. Increased PDE4B expression was associated with enhanced NFB activation and transcriptional activity and subsequent priming of monocytes/macrophages leading to enhanced LPS-inducible TNFproduction. Selective inhibition of PDE4 by rolipram abrogated LPS-mediated TNFexpression at both protein and mRNA levels in control and ethanol-treated cells. Notably, PDE4 inhibition did not affect LPS-inducible NFB activation but significantly decreased NFB transcriptional activity. These findings strongly support the pathogenic role of PDE4B in the ethanolmediated priming of monocytes/macrophages and increased LPSinducible TNF production and the subsequent development of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Since enhanced TNF expression plays a significant role in the evolution of clinical and experimental ALD, its downregulation via selective PDE4B inhibitors could constitute a novel therapeutic approach in the treatment of ALD.
Arthritis Self-Management Studies: A Twelve-Year Review

The Arthritis Self-Management Program (ASMP) is a program that has been developed and studied over 12 years. This paper is a summary of the results of these studies. Several conclusions have been reached. 1. The ASMP in randomized trails improves behaviors, self-efficacy, and aspects of health status. 2. Formal reinforcement does not appear to improve the long-term outcomes of the ASMP. 3. The effects of the ASMP last for as long as 4 years without formal reinforcement. 4. The improvement gains by the ASMP participants have importance both clinically and in terms of cost savings. 5. The mechanism by which the ASMP affects health status appears to be more closely linked to changes in self-efficacy than to changes in behaviors
Inclusiveness and ICT in education: a focus on gender, ethnicity and social class

This paper presents the results of a literature review on gender, ethnic and socioeconomic status differences related to ICT in primary and secondary education. The review was conducted in order to develop an index for analysing the inclusiveness of educational ICT applications. The research question was: ‘How and to what extent do the characteristics of educational ICT tools enhance or inhibit learning for different groups of students? ’ A discussion of both research- and practice-oriented literature results in a proposal for such an index. The paper concludes with a discussion of various dilemmas associated with the idea of the index, and of the ways in which it may be used in research and educational practice.
[The evaluation of selected parameters of calcium and phosphorus metabolism in children with cow's milk allergy].

UNLABELLED THE AIM of this study was to evaluate selected parameters of calcium and phosphorus metabolism in children with CMA treated with the following milk substitute formulas: lactose-containing extensively hydrolyzed wheat protein formula, lactose-free extensively hydrolyzed casein protein formula, as well as soy-based formula. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study involved 66 children with CMA aged 2-5 years treated with milk-free diet for at least one year. Group I included 31 children fed with a lactose-containing formula, group II - 35 children treated with lactose-free formula. In all children the mean energy intake and nutritional value of daily food rations were assessed. Serum concentrations of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), sodium (Na) and magnesium (Mg) were determined using standard methods. Serum values of 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH D) and parathormone (PTH) were assessed by chemiluminescence, whereas concentrations of biochemical markers of bone formation-bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), osteocalcin (OC) and bone resorption marker-collagen type I crosslinked C-telopeptide (CTX) were determined by immunoenzymatic methods (ELISA), using specific monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the mean dietary supply of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, total protein and vitamin C in children from both groups. In the diets of children from group II, the mean content of lactose (0.5±1.0 vs 10.0±6.8 g/d) and 25-OH vitamin D (4.1±2.3 vs 8.5±4.0 ug/d) were significantly lower and dietary fibre content (14.7±3.9 vs 10.4±3.9 g/d) was higher. Calcium and vitamin D dietary supply was lower with respect to nutritional recommendations in all the studied children, whereas the dietary deficiency of vitamin D was higher in children from group II. The mean serum concentrations of evaluated biochemical parameters did not reveal any differences in children from the study groups and were in the normal ranges. There were also no differences in the mean serum concentration of 25-OH vitamin D, ALP, BALP, CTX and PTH in patients from both groups. The mean concentration of OC was significantly higher in group II (71±26.6 ng/ml) than in children from group I (61.1±23.4 ng/ml) <0.01. Positive correlation was found between OC and CTX in both study groups. CONCLUSIONS 1. In children with CMA basic blood laboratory tests may have limited importance in the evaluation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism. 2. Our results suggest that the disturbances in the balance between bone formation and bone resorption processes may occur in children with CMA treated with lactose-free formulas. 3. In order to assure optimal conditions for achieving adequate bone mass by children with CMA, it is necessary to provide them with regular medical and nutritional care.
A Domain-General Sense of Confidence in Children

Our minds constantly evaluate the confidence in what we see, think, and remember. Previous work suggests that confidence is a domain-general currency in adulthood, unifying otherwise independent sensory and perceptual representations. Here, we test whether children also possess a domain-general sense of confidence over otherwise independent perceptual dimensions. Six- to 9-year-olds completed either three simple perceptual discrimination tasks—a number task (“Which group has more dots? ”), an area task (“Which blob is bigger? ”), and an emotions task (“Which face is happier? ”)—or three relative confidence tasks, selecting which of two trials they are more confident on. We find that while children’s discrimination performance across the three tasks was independent and constituted three separate factors, children’s confidence in each of three dimensions was strongly correlated and constituted only a single factor. Our results suggest that confidence is a domain-general currency even in childhood, providing a mechanism by which disparate perceptual representations could be integrated.
Understanding the Inconsistency between Behaviors and Descriptions of Mobile Apps

SUMMARY Permission warnings and privacy policy enforcement are widely used to inform mobile app users of privacy threats. These mechanisms disclose information about use of privacy-sensitive resources such as user location or contact list. However, it has been reported that very few users pay attention to these mechanisms during installation. Instead, a user may focus on a more user-friendly source of information: text description, which is written by a developer who has an incentive to attract user attention. When a user searches for an app in a marketplace, his / her query keywords are generally searched on text descriptions of mobile apps. Then, users review the search results, often by reading the text descriptions; i.e., text descriptions are associated with user expectation . Given these observations, this paper aims to address the following research question: What are the primary reasons that text descriptions of mobile apps fail to refer to the use of privacy-sensitive resources ? To answer the research question, we performed empirical large-scale study using a huge volume of apps with our ACODE (Analyzing COde and DEscription) framework, which combines static code analysis and text analysis. We developed light-weight techniques so that we can handle hundred of thousands of distinct text descriptions. We note that our text analysis technique does not require manually labeled descriptions; hence, it enables us to conduct a large-scale measurement study without requiring expensive labeling tasks. Our analysis of 210,000 apps, including free and paid, and multilingual text descriptions collected from o ﬃ cial and third-party Android marketplaces revealed four primary factors that are associated with the inconsistencies between text descriptions and the use of privacy-sensitive resources: (1) existence of app building services / frameworks that tend to add API permissions / code unnecessarily, (2) existence of proliﬁc developers who publish many applications that unnecessarily install permissions and code, (3) existence of secondary functions that tend to be unmentioned, and (4) existence of third-party libraries that access to the privacy-sensitive resources. We believe that these ﬁndings will be useful for improving users’ awareness of privacy on mobile software distribution platforms.