Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wall-Cavity Acoustic Green's Function at Low Mach Number

Analytical approximations are developed for the low Mach number, aeroacoustic Green's function for a rectangular or circular cylindrical open cavity in a plane, rigid wall. The formulae can be used to predict the sound radiated into the main flow from a knowledge of the hydrodynamic flow near the cavity. At low Mach numbers the sound is a small by-product of the main flow, whose hydrodynamic properties can first be determined from observation or from a numerical treatment of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. Detailed predictions are made of the lowest order, open cavity resonance frequencies, and it is shown how a resonance is excited by the unsteady drag, and also by the lift or drag force experienced by a small bluff body placed in the flow close to the cavity. The cavity resonance frequencies are complex, with imaginary parts depending primarily on radiation damping, which can be sufficiently large for a shallow, open cavity, that a distinct resonance peak is absent from the acoustic spectrum – for a square cavity such peaks are predicted only when the cavity depth exceeds about half the cavity length. For very shallow cavities the efficiency of sound production by volumetric pulsations within the cavity is comparable to that of free field turbulence quadrupoles, and therefore negligible at low Mach numbers.
Emergence and pandemic spread of small ruminant lentiviruses

Abstract Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) cause chronic, persistent infections in populations of domestic sheep (Ovis aries) and goats (Capra hircus) worldwide. The vast majority of SRLV infections involve two genotypes (A and B) that spread in association with the emergence of global livestock trade. However, SRLVs have likely been present in Eurasian ruminant populations since at least the early Neolithic period. Here, we use phylogenetic and phylogeographic approaches to reconstruct the origin of pandemic SRLV strains and infer their historical pattern of global spread. We constructed an open computational resource (‘Lentivirus-GLUE’) via which an up-to-date database of published SRLV sequences, multiple sequence alignments (MSAs), and sequence-associated metadata can be maintained. We used data collated in Lentivirus-GLUE to perform a comprehensive phylogenetic investigation of global SRLV diversity. Phylogenies reconstructed from genome-length alignments reveal that the deep divisions in the SRLV phylogeny are consistent with an ancient split into Eastern (A-like) and Western (B-like) lineages as agricultural systems disseminated out of domestication centres during the Neolithic period. These findings are also consistent with historical and phylogeographic evidence linking the early 20th century emergence of SRLV-A to the international export of Central Asian Karakul sheep. Investigating the global diversity of SRLVs can help reveal how anthropogenic factors have impacted the ecology and evolution of livestock diseases. The open resources generated in our study can expedite these studies and can also serve more broadly to facilitate the use of genomic data in SRLV diagnostics and research.
National Geographic Information Infrastructure Programme to Support National Geographic Information System in Nepal

GIS are effective tools for the planning and monitoring of different development projects like engineering, socio-economic, and environmental projects. Due to lack of proper spatial data and geoinformation infrastructure in the past, all GIS projects spent very significant share of their projects on the development of such framework data. Recently the Survey Department of His Majesty’s Government of Nepal has launched a national geoinformation infrastructure programme (NGIIP) to support sectoral GISes with spatial data and. The rationale and the objectives of the programme in the context of the open data dissemination policy undertaken in Nepal are outlined.
SINERGISME KEY SECTOR DAN NON-KEY SECTOR DAN TRANSFORMASI STRUKTUR EKONOMI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI: ANALISIS HIRARKI KOMPARATIF STATIS

This study investigates the synergism of economic sectors based on backward and forward linkages of economic sectors classified as key economic sectors and non-key economic sectors. In addition, this study also analyzes the level of inequality between key economic sectors and nonkey economic sectors. Input-Output model based on comparative hierarchical analysis is used. The results of thisstudy show that the synergetic linkages between key economic sectors and non-key economic sectors are still relatively low. Moreover, the competitiveness of Aceh Province's economic sectors nationally based on the spreading power index (backward linkages index) is still very low. In general, this study shows that there are still disparities between key economic sectors and nonkey economic sectors. For this reason, it is necessary to involve local governments in formulating development policies that strengthen the concept of backward linkages and forward linkages, so as to strengthen the synergetic linkages of economic sectors in Indonesia as a whole. The synergy of these economic sectors strengthens linkages between key economic sectors and non-key economic sectors.
Effect of corn shredlage on feed intake, rumen fermentation, and lactation performance of dairy cows fed a low-fibre diet

Abstract Corn shredlage is a whole-plant corn silage with a greater proportion of long particles and intensively processed stalks (by shredding and peeling) and kernels (by thorough crushing). Corn shredlage may improve rumen function and milk performance of dairy cows, especially in low-fibre diets. Paradoxically, little is known about the specific effects of corn shredlage on rumen fermentation. This study aimed to understand how the dietary replacement of corn silage with corn shredlage changes feed intake, rumen fermentation, rumination time, and milk performance of dairy cows fed a low-fibre diet. Thirty-four lactating cows were allocated to two dietary treatments in a crossover design with two 30-day periods. The dietary treatment was a total mixed ration with either 1) 25% conventionally processed corn silage (CON; 14-mm theoretical length of cut, TLOC) or 2) 25% corn shredlage (SHR; 26-mm TLOC). Cows on the SHR diet had increased DMI and body weight. Although milk yield was unaffected by diet, cows on the SHR diet tended to have increased yields of 4% FCM, ECM, and milk fat. The yields of milk protein and lactose were not affected by diet. Similarly, the proportion of milk components remained unaffected. The feed efficiency (milk/DMI) was higher in cows fed the CON diet, whereas it remained unaffected when expressed as ECM/DMI. Neither rumination nor rumen fermentation parameters were affected by the diet. Overall, the positive effects of corn shredlage on milk performance were relatively small and a result of increased DMI rather than improved rumen fermentation or rumination. HIGHLIGHTS Corn shredlage increased DMI Corn shredlage tended to increase yields of 4% FCM, ECM, and milk fat Corn shredlage did not affect rumination and rumen fermentation
Exploring High-Order Spatio–Temporal Correlations From Skeleton for Person Re-Identification

Person re- identification (Re-ID) has become a hot research topic due to its widespread applications. Conducting person Re-ID in video sequences is a practical requirement, in which the crucial challenge is how to pursue a robust video representation based on spatial and temporal features. However, most of the previous methods only consider how to integrate part-level features in the spatio-temporal range, while how to model and generate the part-correlations is little exploited. In this paper, we propose a skeleton-based dynamic hypergraph framework, namely Skeletal Temporal Dynamic Hypergraph Neural Network (ST-DHGNN) for person Re-ID, which resorts to modeling the high-order correlations among various body parts based on a time series of skeletal information. Specifically, multi-shape and multi-scale patches are heuristically cropped from feature maps, constituting spatial representations in different frames. A joint-centered hypergraph and a bone-centered hypergraph are constructed in parallel from multiple body parts (i.e., head, trunk, and legs) with spatio-temporal multi-granularity in the entire video sequence, in which the graph vertices representing regional features and hyperedges denoting relationships. Dynamic hypergraph propagation containing the re- planning module and the hyperedge elimination module is proposed to better integrate features among vertices. Feature aggregation and attention mechanisms are also adopted to obtain a better video representation for person Re-ID. Experiments show that the proposed method performs significantly better than the state-of-the-art on three video-based person Re-ID datasets, including iLIDS-VID, PRID-2011, and MARS.
Genome-Wide Identification of Kiwifruit SGR Family Members and Functional Characterization of SGR2 Protein for Chlorophyll Degradation

The STAY-GREEN (SGR) proteins play an important role in chlorophyll (Chl) degradation and are closely related to plant photosynthesis. However, the availability of inadequate studies on SGR motivated us to conduct a comprehensive study on the identification and functional dissection of SGR superfamily members in kiwifruit. Here, we identified five SGR genes for each of the kiwifruit species [Actinidia chinensis (Ac) and Actinidia eriantha (Ae)]. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the kiwifruit SGR superfamily members were divided into two subfamilies the SGR subfamily and the SGRL subfamily. The results of transcriptome data and RT-qPCR showed that the expression of the kiwifruit SGRs was closely related to light and plant developmental stages (regulated by plant growth regulators), which were further supported by the presence of light and the plant hormone-responsive cis-regulatory element in the promoter region. The subcellular localization analysis of the AcSGR2 protein confirmed its localization in the chloroplast. The Fv/Fm, SPAD value, and Chl contents were decreased in overexpressed AcSGR2, but varied in different cultivars of A. chinensis. The sequence analysis showed significant differences within AcSGR2 proteins. Our findings provide valuable insights into the characteristics and evolutionary patterns of SGR genes in kiwifruit, and shall assist kiwifruit breeders to enhance cultivar development.
Epigenetic Perspective of Immunotherapy for Cancers

Immunotherapy has brought new hope for cancer patients in recent times. However, despite the promising success of immunotherapy, there is still a need to address major challenges including heterogeneity in response among patients, the reoccurrence of the disease, and iRAEs (immune-related adverse effects). The first critical step towards solving these issues is understanding the epigenomic events that play a significant role in the regulation of specific biomolecules in the context of the immune population present in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) during various treatments and responses. A prominent advantage of this step is that it would enable researchers to harness the reversibility of epigenetic modifications for their druggability. Therefore, we reviewed the crucial studies in which varying epigenomic events were captured with immuno-oncology set-ups. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic possibilities of their utilization for the betterment of immunotherapy in terms of diagnosis, progression, and cure for cancer patients.
Dopant profile control of epitaxial emitter for silicon solar cells by low temperature epitaxy

We report an alternative approach to grow phosphorus-doped epitaxial silicon emitter by rapid thermal chemical vapor deposition at low temperature (T ≥ 700 °C). A power conversion efficiency (PCE) of (6.6 ± 0.3)% and a pseudo PCE of (10.2 ± 0.2)% has been achieved for the solar cell with epi-emitter grown at 700 °C, in the absence of surface texturization, antireflective coating, and back surface field enhancement, without considering front contact shading. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy revealed that lower temperature silicon epitaxy yields a more abrupt p-n junction, suggesting potential applications for radial p-n junction wire array solar cells.
Development and Validation of a New Patient-Reported Outcome Measure in the Arabic Language for Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis in Saudi Arabia

Purpose In Western countries, several patient-reported outcomes (PROs) measures have been developed and validated for knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients. While few PROs have been adopted for these patients in Saudi Arabia, which do not reflect all aspects of the Saudi socio-cultural context. Given this shortcoming, this study aimed to develop a new PRO measure in Arabic that covers all concepts related to health, function, and participation encompassing environmental and personal factors. Patients and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 73 males and females aged ≥55 diagnosed with radiographic knee OA recruited from the orthopedic and physiotherapy departments of five hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between September 2016 and March 2017. Physicians confirmed knee OA according to the American College of Rheumatology standards. We examined the psychometric properties of the new Arabic PRO measure. Results The internal consistency and test-retest (a one-week interval) reliabilities were found acceptable and excellent with Cronbach’s alpha and the intra-class correlation coefficient, ranging from 0.69 to 0.85 and 0.88 to 0.91, respectively. The construct validity was found fair with the correlation between the subscales Body Function and Physical Function (rs =0.63), Activity & Participation and Physical Function (rs =0.72), and Body Function and Bodily Pain (rs =0.58). We found a weak to fair correlation between the new Arabic PRO measure’s subscales and the SF-36 physical composite scale (PCS: rs =0.34–0.69) compared to the mental-composite scale (MCS: rs =0.16–0.55). Conclusion The 33-item new Arabic PRO measure is a well-accepted, reliable, and valid tool for use in knee OA patients in the Saudi cultural context.
Derived length for arbitrary topological spaces

The notion of derived length is as old as that of ordinal numbers itself. It is also known as the Cantor-Bendixon length. It is defined only for dispersed (that is scattered) spaces. In this paper this notion has been extended in a natural way for all topological spaces such that all its pleasing properties are retained. In this process we solve a problem posed by V. Kannan. ((1) Page 158) KEYWORDSAND PHRASES: Ordinal invariants, dispersed spaces, and derived length.
Symmetry-dependent transport properties and magnetoresistance in zigzag silicene nanoribbons

First principles calculations are performed to study the transport properties of zigzag silicene nanoribbons (ZSiNRs). ZSiNRs show symmetry-dependent transport properties similar to those of zigzag graphene nanoribbons, although the σ mirror plane is absent. Even-N and odd-N ZSiNRs have very different current-voltage relationships, which can be attributed to the different parity of their π and π* bands under c2 symmetry operation with respect to the center axis. Moreover, magnetoresistance effect is observed in even-N ZSiNRs, and the order can reach 1 000 000%. On the basis of these interesting transport properties, ZSiNR-based logic devices, such as not, and, and or gates, are proposed.
Multifactorial approach for robust real time object tracking

The paper presents a novel multi-factorial approach for robust real-time object tracking. The target object is modeled using joint features of color (Intensity) histogram bins, texture, shape. In subsequent frames of a video, target localization is done by generating a confidence-map (a binary image) which discriminates foreground and background using K-means clustering algorithm. Random samples (sample objects) around the previous target position are selected and modeled using joint features of color (Intensity) histogram bins, texture, shape based on confidence map. A decision matrix is generated using a set of similarity features between target and the current sample. A confidence measure of each particle is estimated using multi-factorial approach which involves a fuzzy mechanism based on weighted values of different similarity measures. Average weighted position of these samples gives position of the object in next frame of a video. The proposed technique gives better results as compared to existing mean shift and template matching based tracker under gray scale videos and is invariant to scale, translation and rotation. Results show that the proposed method improves localization error approximately by 7% over existing traditional mean shift algorithm for a gray scale video.
CDAR-DRAM: Enabling Runtime DRAM Performance and Energy Optimization via In-Situ Charge Detection and Adaptive Data Restoration

With the increasing of dynamic random access memory’s (DRAM) capacity, the refresh operation rapidly becomes a major concern to the performance of the current computational system. Moreover, conservative timing parameters adopted for access operations make an increasing amount of negative impact on system performance and energy efficiency. In this article, we propose an in-situ charge detection and adaptive data restoration DRAM (CDAR-DRAM) architecture, which can dynamically adjust the refresh rate and relax the constraints on access timing by removing pessimistic timing margins for PVT variations. CDAR-DRAM employs a low-cost skewed-inverter-based detector to monitor the bitline voltage in runtime and estimate real-time timing parameters of cells. Based on the detector, an adaptive refresh and restore scheme (CDAR-ref) is presented, which progressively reduces the refresh rate and partially restores cells’ voltage just enough for cells with sufficient charge, thereby optimizing both refresh and restoration operations. Moreover, a supplementary adaptive access scheme (CDAR-acc) is presented, which detects the runtime charge level of recently accessed rows and reduces access latency aggressively, benefitting workloads in a single-core system and memory nonintensive workloads in a multicore system. CDAR’s flexibility allows the two schemes to be combined. The evaluation shows that in an eight-core system, the combined scheme improves performance and energy efficiency by 15.2% and 22.6%, respectively.
Uniqueness of MSOE estimates in IIR adaptive filtering; a search for necessary conditions

In adaptive IIR (infinite impulse response) filtering, gradient search techniques minimize the mean-square output error (MSOE). The uniqueness of the minimum MSOE estimate for exactly matching adaptive filters is a necessary condition for global convergence of these algorithms. Although the existence of stable degenerated solutions is sufficient for the existence of local minima, it is shown by an example not to be a necessary condition, this uniqueness is also guaranteed if T. Soderstrom's (1985) condition, n/sub b/-n/sub e/+1>or=0, is met when the input is white. It is proved that n/sub b/-n/sub c/+2>or=0 is a weaker sufficient condition for exactly matching models. In fact, this serves as the weakest sufficient condition. <<ETX>>
Las Premisas Históricas-socioculturales de la Pareja en la Ciudad de México: Exploración y Análisis Cualitativo

Dentro de las relaciones de pareja, los miembros muestran su cultura, pensamientos y creencias (PHSC), las cuales predicen las conductas aceptables, los roles que se deben de cumplir, y cómo se debe de llevar a cabo la relación. Sin embargo, la cultura tiende a modificarse con el paso del tiempo, y cambiar el comportamiento. El propósito de esta investigación fue explorar las PHSC de la pareja en sus diferentes etapas (inicio, mantenimiento y disolución) y analizar su evolución en comparación con los estudios previos. Participaron 180 adolescentes estudiantes de secundaria y 150 adultos mayores con una escolaridad no mayor a secundaria. Se aplicó tres cuestionarios abiertos, uno para cada etapa de la relación sobre que se debe de sentir, hacer, pesar dentro de la relación. Para la exploración de los datos se realizó un análisis de contenido. Los resultados demuestran que la mayoría de las PHSC no fueron modificadas como la fidelidad, el respeto y la confianza dentro de la relación, principalmente en las mujeres. Lo que demuestra, que a pesar del tiempo existen normas y creencias que son constantes, estas premisas permanecen debido al que el ambiente las satisface, no obstante, aparecieron nuevas normas y creencias como son el pensar en unos mismos y en su bienestar como consecuencia de comportamiento exitoso para la adaptación de la especie.
Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Distributed Optimal Generation Control of DC Microgrids

Optimal generation allocation is customarily applied to the DC microgrids to enable optimal operation. Conventionally, the optimization is implemented periodically to obtain the optimal bus voltage or output power references for given operating conditions, which will unavoidably deviate from the actual ones. Since slight disturbances such as load changes will trigger real-time control adjustments, hence, the overall cost will increase due to the disconnect between optimization and real-time control. To overcome this issue, it is preferable to directly apply the optimal control method to render an optimal time path of control actions in real-time. This paper has studied the optimal generation control problem as a constrained non-convex problem with non-linearity. DRL has been successfully applied to solve such problems without mathematically modeling the actual system; the links between states and actions are discovered via ongoing environmental interactions, decreasing the reliance on system parameter information. This paper also showed that TD3-based optimal control could be applied to DC microgrids using a monotonical policy gradient search approach. Furthermore, DRL’s distributed training and execution framework is designed to realize real-time distributed control. The data sampling, storage, and experience buffer initialization strategy are customized to improve learning efficiency. The case study demonstrated its effectiveness.
The Regulations of Essential WalRK Two-Component System on Enterococcus faecalis

Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is a Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic bacterium that is highly adaptable to its environment. In humans, it can cause serious infections with biofilm formation. With increasing attention on its health threat, prevention and control of biofilm formation in E. faecalis have been observed. Many factors including polysaccharides as well as autolysis, proteases, and eDNA regulate biofilm formation. Those contributors are regulated by several important regulatory systems involving the two-component signal transduction system (TCS) for its adaptation to the environment. Highly conserved WalRK as one of 17 TCSs is the only essential TCS in E. faecalis. In addition to biofilm formation, various metabolisms, including cell wall construction, drug resistance, as well as interactions among regulatory systems and resistance to the host immune system, can be modulated by the WalRK system. Therefore, WalRK has been identified as a key target for E. faecalis infection control. In the present review, the regulation of WalRK on E. faecalis pathogenesis and associated therapeutic strategies are demonstrated.
Stacking fault‐related luminescence features in semi‐polar GaN

We report about defect‐related emission bands in GaN. We establish a direct correlation between results from spatially and spectrally resolved cathodoluminescence bands at 3.32, 3.23, 3.20, 3.16, and 3.07 eV with findings obtained by transmission electron microscopy. The band around 3.32 eV was unambiguously assigned to I2 basal plane stacking faults (BSFs). The bands at 3.23, 3.20, 3.16, and 3.07 eV were detected in sample regions, where BSFs exist, but were not assigned to specific defect types, except for the 3.07 eV line which is a phonon replica of the transition at 3.16 eV.