Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Part 4: Marketing and Fare Policy: Making Automatic Passenger Counts Mainstream: Accuracy, Balancing Algorithms, and Data Structures

Although automatic passenger counters (APCs) have been used for many years, significant obstacles have hindered their becoming a mainstream source of data for monitoring ridership and peak load, estimating passenger miles, and other measures of passenger use important for transit management. The key to APC usefulness is the automatic, routine conversion of the APC data stream into a database of accurate counts. On the basis of case studies of transit agencies, five issues important to achieving this goal are analyzed: data structures, data accuracy, accuracy need and sampling requirements, controlling drift, and balancing algorithms. Balancing algorithms deal with routes with loop ends, negative loads, and rounding. Sampling and accuracy requirements related to passenger miles estimates for National Transit Database (NTD) reporting are also analyzed. The analysis shows that, for most agencies, NTD precision requirements can be met with a small level of fleet penetration, provided that measurement, screeni.
New [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-7-one corrosion inhibitors for copper in chloride environments

The article describes a new method for the synthesis of several heterocyclic compounds of the [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5- a ]pyrimidine-7-one class. Their structure was proven using NMR spectroscopy and HPLC-MS spectrometry. A series of full-scale natural and electrochemical corrosion tests and quantum-chemical calculations were carried out to study the inhibitory effect of the synthesised substances in relation to copper in neutral and acidic chloride environments within the concentration range of ~0.01–1.00 mM. As a result, it was found that the best protective properties were characteristic of inhibitors containing aliphatic branched butyl, phenethyl, isopentyl substituents (the degree of protection is 81%, 85%, and 90% respectively). The protective effect in their presence increases monotonically with an increase in the concentration of the inhibitor within the solubility limits. The results of tests in an acidic chloride environment generally correlate with the corresponding experiments in neutral aqueous solutions. However, there is an insignificant decrease in the degree of protection. This class of compounds might be less effective in case of acid corrosion of metal. The experimental results obtained and the results of quantum-chemical calculations were used to suggest the most probable inhibitory mechanism. This mechanism consists of the chemisorption of inhibitor molecules on the metal surface accompanied by the formation of self-organising protective layers as a result of the complex formation process with participation of endocyclic NH-protons of the dihydropyrimidine cycle.
Synchronous rectification with adaptive timing control

This paper describes a MOSFET synchronous rectifier suitable for use in high-frequency DC-DC converters. The MOSFET control circuitry is designed to replicate the basic functionality of a rectifier diode, turning on when the voltage across the device falls to zero, and turning off when the current through the device tries to reverse. This synchronous rectification device can be incorporated into a wide range of converter topologies, without the restrictions imposed on other synchronous rectification schemes. In order to minimize the losses resulting from gate drive timing errors at high switching frequencies (/spl sim/1 MHz), adaptive timing control loops are used to null the inherent delays of the control and driver circuitry. The power FETs and control circuitry are integrated in a 1.2 /spl mu/m CMOS process. <<ETX>>
Event Camera Point Cloud Feature Analysis and Shadow Removal for Road Traffic Sensing

Event cameras have a wide range of applications in the field of traffic flow detection owing to their ability to accurately identify moving targets while being insensitive to stationary targets. In this study, an event camera is installed in a roadside scenario to collect the point cloud data of moving targets. For traffic identification, the geometrical, quantitative and Gaussian projection characteristics of the point clouds for motor/non-motor vehicles and pedestrians are extracted, and their feature distributions are analyzed. Furthermore, to address the problem of shadow noise caused by sunlight, a shadow removal method based on feature similarity is proposed considering the point cloud distribution characteristics. Experimental results show that there are significant differences in the length-width ratio, pixel points, horizontal and vertical projection features among different traffic targets specified in vehicles, non-motor vehicles and pedestrians. In addition, the proposed shadow removal scheme demonstrates high accuracy of 96.5%, and the standard deviation is 1.3%.
FasL+PD‐L2+ Identifies a Novel Immunosuppressive Neutrophil Population in Human Gastric Cancer That Promotes Disease Progression

Neutrophils constitute abundant cellular components in human gastric cancer (GC) tissues, but their protumorigenic subset in pathogenesis of GC progression is unclear. Here, it is found that patients with GC show significantly higher neutrophil infiltration in tumors that is regulated by CXCL12‐CXCR4 chemotaxis. These tumor‐infiltrating neutrophils express high level immunosuppressive molecules FasL and PD‐L2, and this FasL+PD‐L2+ neutrophil subset with a unique phenotype constitutes at least 20% of all neutrophils in advanced GC and predicts poor patient survival. Tumor induces neutrophils to express FasL and PD‐L2 proteins with similar phenotype to those in GC tumors in both time‐dependent and dose‐dependent manners. Mechanistically, Th17 cell‐derived IL‐17A and tumor cell‐derived G‐CSF can significantly induce neutrophil FasL and PD‐L2 expression via activating ERK‐NF‐κB and JAK‐STAT3 signaling pathway, respectively. Importantly, upon over‐expressing FasL and PD‐L2, neutrophils acquire immunosuppressive functions on tumor‐specific CD8+ T‐cells and promote the growth and progression of human GC tumors in vitro and in vivo, which can be reversed by blocking FasL and PD‐L2 on these neutrophils. Thus, the work identifies a novel protumorigenic FasL+PD‐L2+ neutrophil subset in GC and provides new insights for human cancer immunosuppression and anti‐cancer therapies targeting these pathogenic cells.
Performance Improvement of Substrate Integrated Cavity Fed Dipole Array Antenna Using ENZ Metamaterial for 5G Applications

This paper exhibits a high-gain, low-profile dipole antenna array (DAA) for 5G applications. The dipole element has a semi-triangular shape to realize a simple input impedance regime. To reduce the overall antenna size, a substrate integrated cavity (SIC) is adopted as a power splitter feeding network. The transition between the SIC and the antenna element is achieved by a grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW) to increase the degree of freedom of impedance matching. Epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) metamaterial technique is exploited for gain enhancement. The ENZ metamaterial unit cells of meander shape are placed in front of each dipole perpendicularly to guide the radiated power into the broadside direction. The prospective antenna has an overall size of 2.58 λg3 and operates from 28.5 GHz up to 30.5 GHz. The gain is improved by 5 dB compared to that of the antenna without ENZ unit cells, reaching 11 dBi at the center frequency of 29.5 GHz. Measured and simulated results show a reasonable agreement.
Gene therapy in a new model of delayed wound healing

Diabetes wounds result in significant morbidity, prolonged hospitalization and huge health care expenses. As of yet, no optimal animal models of diabetic wound healing exist to study potential beneficial therapies. Porcine wound healing is very similar to human wound healing. We stipulated that by inducing diabetes in yorkshire pigs, wound healing would be delayed and exhibit abnormalities similar to those seen in human diabetic wound healing. Furthermore we hypothesized that cell therapy and gene therapy may enhance epidermal healing in this model of delayed wound healing. In study one, we establish a delayed wound healing model in yorkshire pigs, mimicking diabetic wound healing, by injecting streptozotocin intravenously. High serum glucose was established and wound healing was considerably delayed and showed alterations in the intrinsic pathways. In study two, transplantation of suspensions of fibroblasts or keratinocytes enhanced re-epithelialization in this new model of delayed wound healing. In study three, the beneficial effect of transplanting keratinocytes seen in study two was enhanced by transfecting keratinocytes with a plasmid coding for IGF-1. Results showed a substantial over expression of IGF-1 in the wound as well as improved epidermal healing in the treated group. In study four, the beneficial effect of allogenic cells transfected with EGF was shown in healthy non-diabetic pigs. In study five, the beneficial effect of EGF seen in study four, was taken into account and autologous keratinocytes transfected with EGF were transplanted into cutaneous wounds in our model of delayed wound healing. Clear beneficial effects were demonstrated. Collectively, we demonstrate a new model of delayed wound healing in the pig which mimicks deficiencies seen in diabetic wounds. We were able to accelerate wound healing in this model by using cell therapy and further improved it using gene therapy.
Modeling and simulation of a hybrid-engine

A fundamental mathematical model is required to describe the dynamic motion of the hybrid-engine. Based on the mathematical model, simulation programs have been developed These programs are used to predict the operation of the motor/generator and to develop a control strategy. The simulation results are included. Two structures for the hybrid-engine have been considered. One uses a single cylinder and the other one uses two cylinders. The design of both structures was studied and simulated to improve power output and efficiency.
Recent Mitigation Strategies on Membrane Fouling for Oily Wastewater Treatment

The discharge of massive amounts of oily wastewater has become one of the major concerns among the scientific community. Membrane filtration has been one of the most used methods of treating oily wastewater due to its stability, convenience handling, and durability. However, the continuous occurrence of membrane fouling aggravates the membrane’s performance efficiency. Membrane fouling can be defined as the accumulation of various materials in the pores or surface of the membrane that affect the permeate’s quantity and quality. Many aspects of fouling have been reviewed, but recent methods for fouling reduction in oily wastewater have not been explored and discussed sufficiently. This review highlights the mitigation strategies to reduce membrane fouling from oily wastewater. We first review the membrane technology principle for oily wastewater treatment, followed by a discussion on different fouling mechanisms of inorganic fouling, organic fouling, biological fouling, and colloidal fouling for better understanding and prevention of membrane fouling. Recent mitigation strategies to reduce fouling caused by oily wastewater treatment are also discussed.
Analysis of the measured field structure in a GTEM 1750

An experimental field mapping (x, y, z components) of a GTEM 1750 has been performed in important parts and locations of this asymmetrical waveguide. The measurement results of deviations from the perfect TEM wave reveal some non TEM components as a function of exciting frequency and measurement location. A review of the present state of theoretical and experimental research with respect to immunity is given. An attempt is made to simulate a generic GTEM 500 section by using a 3-D finite difference time domain code. A comparison with measured data is presented, including the analysis of fundamental problems in the presently used standardized field sensor instrumentation. <<ETX>>
Engaging with music retrieval

Music collections available to listeners have grown at a dramatic pace, now spanning tens of millions of tracks. Interacting with a music retrieval system can thus be overwhelming, with users offered ‘too-much-choice’. The level of engagement required for such retrieval interactions can be inappropriate, such as in mobile or multitasking contexts. Music recommender systems are widely employed to address this issue, however tend toward the opposite extreme of disempowering users and suffer from issues of subjectivity and confounds, such as the equalisation of tracks. This challenge and the styles of retrieval interaction involved are characterised in terms of user engagement in music retrieval, and the relationships between existing conceptualisations of user engagement is explored. Using listening histories and work from music psychology, a set of engagement-stratified profiles of listening behaviour are developed. A dataset comprising the playlists of thousands of users is used to contribute a user-centric approach to feature selection. The challenge of designing music retrieval for different levels of user engagement is first explored with a proof of concept, low engagement music retrieval system enabling users to casually retrieve music by tapping its rhythm as a query. The design methodology is then generalised with an engagement-dependent system, allowing users to denote their level of engagement and thus the specificity of their music queries. The engagement-dependent retrieval interaction is then explored as a component in a commercial music system. This thesis contributes the engagement-stratified profiles and metrics of listening behaviour, a corresponding design methodology for interaction, and presents a set of research and commercial applications for music retrieval.
Nelfinavir Induces Cytotoxicity towards High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Cells, Involving Induction of the Unfolded Protein Response, Modulation of Protein Synthesis, DNA Damage, Lysosomal Impairment, and Potentiation of Toxicity Caused by Proteasome Inhibition

High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is a significant cause of mortality among women worldwide. Traditional treatment consists of platinum-based therapy; however, rapid development of platinum resistance contributes to lower life expectancy, warranting newer therapies to supplement the current platinum-based protocol. Repurposing market-available drugs as cancer therapeutics is a cost- and time-effective way to avail new therapies to drug- resistant patients. The anti-HIV agent nelfinavir (NFV) has shown promising toxicity against various cancers; however, its role against HGSOC is unknown. Here, we studied the effect of NFV against HGSOC cells obtained from patients along disease progression and carrying different sensitivities to platinum. NFV triggered, independently of platinum sensitivity, a dose- dependent reduction of HGSOC cell number and viability, and a parallel increase in hypo-diploid DNA content. Moreover, a dose-dependent reduction of clonogenic survival of cells escaping the acute toxicity was indicative of long-term residual damage. In addition, dose- and time- dependent phosphorylation of H2AX indicated NFV-mediated DNA damage, which was associated with decreased proliferation signals driven by the AKT and ERK pathways. NFV also mediated a dose-dependent increase in endoplasmic reticulum stress-related molecules associated with long-term inhibition of protein synthesis and concurrent cell death; such events were accompanied by a proapoptotic environment, signaled by increased phospho-eIF2α, ATF4, and CHOP, increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and cleaved executer caspase-7. Finally, we show that NFV potentiates the short-term cell cycle arrest and long-term toxicity caused by the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. Overall, our in vitro study demonstrates that NFV can therapeutically target HGSOC cells of differential platinum sensitivities via several mechanisms, suggesting its prospective repurposing benefit considering its good safety profile.
Clinical Features, Histopathology and Differential Diagnosis of Sarcoidosis

Sarcoidosis is a chameleon disease of unknown etiology, characterized by the growth of non-necrotizing and non-caseating granulomas and manifesting with clinical pictures that vary on the basis of the organs that are mainly affected. Lungs and intrathoracic lymph nodes are the sites that are most often involved, but virtually no organ is spared from this disease. Histopathology is distinctive but not pathognomonic, since the findings can be found also in other granulomatous disorders. The knowledge of these findings is important because it could be helpful to differentiate sarcoidosis from the other granulomatous-related diseases. This review aims at illustrating the main clinical and histopathological findings that could help clinicians in their routine clinical practice.
Compliance of Clinical Trial Protocols for Foods with Function Claims (FFC) in Japan: Consistency between Clinical Trial Registrations and Published Reports

Background: A new type of foods with a health claims notification system, the Foods with Function Claims (FFC), was introduced in Japan in April 2015. This cross-sectional study sought to clarify compliance of clinical trial protocols reported as the scientific basis of efficacy in the FFC system. Methods: All articles based on clinical trials published on the Consumer Affairs Agency website from 1 July 2018 to 30 June 2021 were reviewed. Items assessed included first author characteristics (for-profit or academia), journal name, year published, journal impact factor in 2020, article language, name of clinical trial registration (CTR), and seven compliance items (Title: T, Participant: P, Intervention: I, Comparison: C, Outcome: O, Study design: S, and Institutional Review Board, IRB). Among studies that conducted CTR, consistency with these seven compliance items was evaluated. Results: Out of 136 studies that met all inclusion criteria, 103 (76%) performed CTR, and CTR was either not performed or not specified for 33 (24%). Compliance between the protocol and the text was high (≥96%) for items P and S, but considerably lower for items T, I, C, O, and IRB (52%, 15%, 13%, 69%, and 27%, respectively). Furthermore, 43% of protocols did not include functional ingredients or food names in items T or I. The total score was 3.7 ± 1.1 pts (out of 7). Conclusions: Some CTs had no protocol registration, and even registered protocols were suboptimal in transparency. In addition to selective reporting, a new problem identified was that the content of the intervention (test food) was intentionally concealed.
Secure and Efficient Intermodal Transports – Port Pilot Project in the Port of Gothenburg, Sweden

Increasing security in transports without negatively affecting the logistical flow makes efficiency a critical factor. To achieve a viable end-to-end security solution in a supply chain, with complex network of dependencies, requires a holistic perspective. The pilot project was driven by Volvo Technology and it involved important stakeholders in the supply chain and port domain focusing on the Port of Gothenburg. The project results show increased security and efficiency through for example faster passages in and out of ports as well as electronic handling of documents. This leads to the possibility of focusing on value adding activities like transportation of goods, as intended, instead of waiting time in ports. The world’s seaborne container traffic carries approximately 80 % of the world trade but its current security level does not reflect its importance for society. Millions of containers flow through ports and only a fraction of them are ever scrutinized. Security threats towards critical societal infrastructures, e.g. international ports, have resulted in several security and supply chain initiatives. So far, these initiatives mainly focus on nodes like ports and terminals. Nevertheless, in order to secure the entire supply chain and attain end-to-end security, the security of goods while in-transit needs to be ensured as well, achieving secure links. At the same time, several ports suffer from congestion and are in urgent need of procedures and technologies to increase the through-put speed of goods.
Anatomical Injection Guidelines for Glabellar Frown Lines Based on Ultrasonographic Evaluation

When botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is injected to treat glabellar frown lines, the corrugator supercilia muscle (CSM) and procerus muscles are the main targets. Although there have been many studies on the treatment of glabellar frown lines, no study has confirmed the dynamic movement under ultrasonography (US). This study examined and evaluated dynamic muscle movements under US, thereby providing more effective BoNT injection guidelines for glabellar frowning. Glabellar frowning was categorized as either Type A or B. Type A is the general frowning pattern in which vertical wrinkles are made by contracting the CSM and procerus muscles (81%, n = 13). On US images, the procerus muscle thickens and the bilateral CSMs contract. Type B is an upward frowning pattern demonstrating upward elevation of vertical wrinkles due to hyperactive contraction of the frontalis muscle during frowning (19%, n = 3). On US images, the hypoechoic frontalis muscle thickens, forming horizontal forehead lines. After BoNT injection into the CSM and frontalis muscle but not the procerus muscle, Type B patterns showed improvements in the vertical crease and horizontal forehead line. Both types showed improvement in glabellar frown lines after conventional injection, but the horizontal forehead line did not improve in Type B. Type B wrinkles improved after additional injections into the frontalis muscle. This study provided novel anatomical findings related to the injection of glabellar frown lines with BoNT. Preliminary analysis and optimized procedures using US will enable more effective and safer injections.
Can Insider Status Promote Employee Voice Behavior?

This research investigates employee voice behavior (EVB) as a behavioral consequence of perceived insider status (PIS) through felt obligation behavior. Based on social identity theory, this research postulates that when employees realize that they are an insider, they tend to see themselves as a citizen of an organization and proactively engage in voice behavior. In order to evaluate this relationship, we collected 983 self-completed surveys from participants of public organizations in Fiji. The findings show that as insiders, employees unbegrudgingly engage in voice behavior when trying to provide corrective changes. This relationship was also partially mediated by felt obligation behavior (FOB). Interestingly, this study is the first one to use social identity theory to explain how employees form close attachment to the organizations they work for, driving greater feelings of belongingness and altering their behavior to engage in voice behavior. Therefore, we find social identity theory to be very relevant in explaining the relationship between PIS and EVB through FOB. This makes a significant contribution to the social identity theory. Finally, the current study offers practical implications, limitations, and further research directions.