Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Heating rates are more strongly influenced by near-infrared than visible reflectance in beetles.

Adaptations to control heat transfer through the integument are a key component of temperature regulation in animals. However, there remain significant gaps in our understanding of how different optical and morphological properties of the integument affect heating rates. To address these gaps, we examined the effect of reflectivity in both ultraviolet-visible and near-infrared wavelengths, surface micro-sculpturing, effective area (area subjected to illumination) and cuticle thickness on radiative heat gain in jewel beetles (Buprestidae). We measured heating rate using a solar simulator to mimic natural sunlight, a thermal chamber to control the effects of conduction and convection, and optical filters to isolate different wavelengths. We found that effective area and reflectivity predicted heating rate. The thermal effect of reflectivity was driven by variation in near-infrared rather than ultraviolet-visible reflectivity. By contrast, cuticle thickness and surface rugosity had no detectable effect. Our results provide empirical evidence that near-infrared reflectivity has an important effect on radiative heat gain. Modulating reflectance of near-infrared wavelengths of light may be a more widespread adaptation to control heat gain than previously appreciated.
Clinical features, pathophysiology, and therapy of poor graft function post–allogeneic stem cell transplantation

Abstract Poor graft function (PGF), defined by the presence of multilineage cytopenias in the presence of 100% donor chimerism, is a serious complication of allogeneic stem cell transplant (alloSCT). Inducers or potentiators of alloimmunity such as cytomegalovirus reactivation and graft-versus-host disease are associated with the development of PGF, however, more clinical studies are required to establish further risk factors and describe outcomes of PGF. The pathophysiology of PGF can be conceptualized as dysfunction related to the number or productivity of the stem cell compartment, defects in bone marrow microenvironment components such as mesenchymal stromal cells and endothelial cells, or immunological suppression of post-alloSCT hematopoiesis. Treatment strategies focused on improving stem cell number and function and microenvironment support of hematopoiesis have been attempted with variable success. There has been limited use of immune manipulation as a therapeutic strategy, but emerging therapies hold promise. This review details the current understanding of the causes of PGF and methods of treatment to provide a framework for clinicians managing this complex problem.
The role of inhibitory control in shoot/don’t-shoot decisions

Previous work has demonstrated a link between cognitive abilities, specifically inhibitory control and lethal force decision-making performance. However, many previously used approaches to simulating shoot/don’t shoot scenarios have lacked ecological validity. There is a need to investigate how inhibitory control impacts shoot/don’t decisions using realistic simulations to better translate the findings to military and law enforcement settings. This study used multiple cognitive control tasks incorporating discrete judgements in go/no-go and stop signal tasks as well as subjective judgements in go/no-go tasks with both colour stimuli and emotional faces. These combined tasks provided a comprehensive evaluation of inhibitory control abilities. To ensure ecological validity in shooting performance, existing military training scenarios incorporated realistic weaponry and aiming behaviours across different shoot/don’t-shoot simulations. The inhibitory control battery identified five principal components from the various tasks, including: stopping ability, response speed, emotion detection, colour detection, and emotional biases. These principal inhibitory control components were entered into hierarchical linear regressions with the dependent variables of unintended casualties inflicted and lethal rounds fired, respectively. Stopping ability better predicted the likelihood of inflicting an unintended casualty, whereas response speed better predicted the number of lethal rounds fired. These regression models included baseline metrics of marksmanship and shots fired, which supports a role for inhibitory control above and beyond basic shooting abilities or strategy. These collective findings provide mechanistic support for the relationship between inhibitory control and errors in shoot/don’t-shoot decision-making while using realistic military training scenarios.
The roles of serotonin in cell adhesion and migration, and cytoskeletal remodeling

ABSTRACT Serotonin is well known as a neurotransmitter. Its roles in neuronal processes such as learning, memory or cognition are well established, and also in disorders such as depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and dementia. However, its effects on adhesion and cytoskeletal remodelling which are strongly affected by 5-HT receptors, are not as well studied with some exceptions for e.g. platelet aggregation. Neuronal function is strongly dependent on cell-cell contacts and adhesion-related processes. Therefore the role played by serotonin in psychiatric illness, as well as in the positive and negative effects of neuropsychiatric drugs through cell-related adhesion can be of great significance. In this review, we explore the role of serotonin in some of these aspects based on recent findings.
Validation of a social deprivation index and association with cognitive function and decline in older adults

ABSTRACT Objectives: Previous work using a US sample has shown that an index of social deprivation (SoDep Index) is associated with cognitive functioning and decline in older adults. This study aimed to replicate these findings using a European sample (Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, SHARE). Design: We analyzed data of 51,630 respondents aged 50 years and older (M: 63.5 years, standard deviation [SD]: 9.1) with at least two cognitive assessments (follow-up M: 6.06 years, SD: 3.86). Cognitive scores were transformed to Z-scores. Multiple growth curve modeling was used to model cognitive status and decline as predicted by the SoDep Index. In a sensitivity analysis, we constructed a new SoDep Index (SoDep Indexnew) including further social deprivation domains. Results: Adjusting for covariates, a unit increase in SoDep Index was associated with a cognitive score of 0.037 SDs smaller (p < .001) and a decline 0.003 SDs per year faster (p < .001). Of the covariates, depressive symptoms, chronic disease burden, male gender, and widowhood were also associated with poorer cognition. Being divorced was associated with better cognition. Sensitivity analysis confirmed findings. Compared to the SoDep Index, the SoDep Indexnew showed a more pronounced association with both cognition and cognitive decline. Conclusions: We were able to replicate results showing an association between SoDep Index and cognitive function and decline. The sensitivity analysis further emphasizes the relevance of financial security. This strengthens the implication that preventing social deprivation can contribute to reducing the dementia burden by raising cognitive functioning in the older population. The findings are relevant to policy-makers and health care practitioners.
Subjective well-being and month-long LF/HF ratio among deskworkers

The importance of workers’ well-being has been recognized in recent years. The assessment of well-being has been subjective, and few studies have sought potential biomarkers of well-being to date. This study examined the relationship between well-being and the LF/HF ratio, an index of heart rate variability that reflects sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve activity. Pulse waves were measured using photoplethysmography through a web camera attached to the computer used by each participant. The participants were asked to measure their pulse waves while working for 4 weeks, and well-being was assessed using self-reported measures such as the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and the Flourishing Scale (FS). Each of the well-being scores were split into two groups according to the median value, and the LF/HF ratio during work, as well as the number of times an LF/HF ratio threshold was either exceeded or subceeded, were compared between the high and low SWLS, positive emotion, negative emotion, and FS groups. Furthermore, to examine the effects of the LF/HF ratio and demographic characteristics on well-being, a multiple regression analysis was conducted. Data were obtained from 169 participants. The results showed that the low FS group had a higher mean LF/HF ratio during work than the high FS group. No significant differences were seen between the high and low SWLS groups, the high and low positive emotion groups, or the high and low negative emotion groups. The multiple regression analysis showed that the mean LF/HF ratio during work affected the FS and SWLS scores, and the number of times the mean LF/HF ratio exceeded +3 SD had an effect on the positive emotion. No effect of the LF/HF ratio on negative emotions was shown. The LF/HF ratio might be applicable as an objective measure of well-being.
Chapter 7 : Regularization ( Part 2 )

We have discussed regularization with respect to a fixed region or point so far. For example, L2 regularization penalizes model parameters for deviating from the fixed value of zero, but close to zero. Sometimes we need other ways to express prior knowledge of parameters. we might not know what values the parameter should take. However, we may know from domain and model architecture that there should be some dependencies between model parameters.
Research on the inhibition for aseptic loosening of artificial joints by Sr-doped calcium polyphosphate (SCPP) in vivo

Aseptic loosening of artificial joints is the most common complication after artificial joint replacement. Finding the solution to tackle aseptic loosening of artificial joints is a focus in bone and joint surgery research field. In vitro studies of Sr-doped calcium polyphosphate (SCPP) have found by our team that it could promote osteoblast proliferation and inhibit osteoclast activity, and it has a potential inhibitory effect on aseptic loosening by suppressing the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κ B ligand and improving the expression of OPG. The present study aims to confirm the conclusion in vitro by the mean of animal experiment. The Ti rod prosthesis coated with SCPP, calcium polyphosphate (CPP), and Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE were implanted in the femur (the internal surface of bone tunnel was also coated with SCPP, CPP and UHMWPE respectively). Radiography (x-rays, micro-CT), histochemistry (Hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE), methylene blue-acid fuchsin, Von Kossa histological staining), molecular biology (alkaline phosphatase and TRAP5b factors, Mir21-5p and Mir 26a-5p) were performed to analyzed the effects of SCPP within 20 weeks. The Radiography results showed that osteolysis with various severity occurred in all groups, and SCPP group had the mildest osteolysis. Histochemistry results showed that arthritis was milder in SCPP and CPP groups, while the bone formation in SCPP group was most significant. Its bone reconstruction effect was the best as well. The Molecular biology results showed that the bone reconstruction was out-sync in each group. Compared with other groups, the bone resorption occurred at the latest and the bone resorption time was the shortest in experimental animals of SCPP group. All results indicated that SCPP could promote osteoblast activity and bone reconstruction, improve the integration of bone interface between prosthesis and base bone, reduce osteoclast activity and shorten the osteoclast action time at the implantation site in vivo. Thus, it could postpone or alleviate the occurrence and development of aseptic loosening in vivo. Therefore, SCPP could be a promising material for the construction of artificial joints with the ability to resist aseptic loosening.
The potential interplay between the glandular microbiome and scent marking behavior in owl monkeys (Aotus nancymaae)

In mammals, scent marking behavior is a pervasive form of chemical communication that regulates social interactions within and between groups. Glandular microbiota consist of bacterial communities capable of producing chemical cues used in olfactory communication. Despite countless studies on scent marking in primates, few have examined the microbiota associated with glandular secretions. Nancy Ma's owl monkeys (Aotus nancymaae) are nocturnal, socially monogamous primates that frequently scent mark using their subcaudal glands. Previous analyses revealed that unique chemical signatures of Aotus may convey information about sex and age. We used positive reinforcement to sample the subcaudal glands of 23 captive owl monkeys to describe their glandular microbiomes and examine how patterns in these bacterial communities vary with age, sex, rearing environment and/or social group (pair identity). We coupled these analyses with behavioral observations to examine patterns in their scent marking behavior. We isolated 31 bacterial species from Phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria, consistent with the dermal and glandular microbiomes of other primates. Several bacterial taxa we identified produce volatile organic compounds, which may contribute to olfactory communication. These bacterial communities are best predicted by an interaction between sex, rearing environment and pair identity rather than any of these variables alone. Within mated pairs of A. nancymaae, males and females scent mark their nest boxes at similar frequencies. In some pairs, rates of scent marking by males and females fluctuated over time in a similar manner. Pairs that had been together longer tended to exhibit the greatest similarities in their rates of scent marking. Together, these findings suggest that scent marking behavior and close social interactions with pair mates in Aotus may influence bacterial transmission and their glandular microbiomes. Chemical communication, including coordinated scent marking, may play a role in strengthening pair bonds, signaling pair status and/or in mate guarding in this socially monogamous primate.
The 6‐month effect of whole soy and purified isoflavones daidzein on thyroid function—A double‐blind, randomized, placebo controlled trial among Chinese equol‐producing postmenopausal women

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of whole soy and purified daidzein on markers of thyroid function in Chinese postmenopausal women who were equol‐producers. Total 270 eligible women were randomized to either one of the three isocaloric supplements: 40 g soy flour (whole soy group), 40 g low‐fat milk powder +63 mg daidzein (daidzein group) or 40 g low‐fat milk powder (placebo) daily for 6 months. Serum thyroid markers were tested at baseline and 6 months for thyroid stimulating hormone, free triiodothyronine, reverse triiodothyronine and free thyroxine (FT4). There was no significant difference in the 6‐month changes of thyroid markers among the three groups. Subgroup analysis among women with lowered thyroid function suggested a modest decrease of FT4. This randomized controlled trial among Chinese equol‐producing postmenopausal women indicates the consumption of whole soy and purified daidzein at the provided dosages are safe and have no detrimental effect on thyroid function.
Post-treatment lung cancer patients: residual tumor, recurrence, and second primary tumor

1. Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade Federal do Paraná – UFPR – Curitiba (PR) Brasil. 2. Diagnóstico Avançado por Imagem – DAPI – Curitiba (PR) Brasil. 3. Hospital Erasto Gaertner, Curitiba (PR) Brasil. In an article published in the current issue of the Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia, the usefulness of routine CT follow-up for lung cancer recurrence and second primary lung cancer is questioned. (1) This question is relevant, particularly in the field of cancer imaging.
Shame Coping Strategies Amplify Certain Psychopathologies

Introduction: Recent research has focused on the relationship between shame and psychopathology. It has been shown that shame predicts depressive and anxious symptoms, as well as substance abuse, non-suicidal self-injury, and aggression. However, it remains unclear, how one emotion can influence psychiatric symptoms of such a broad spectrum. It is assumed that as shame is such an intense and painful emotion, it needs to be coped with and that the coping-strategies influence the effect shame has on psychopathologies. The Compass of Shame Scale (CoSS) is a questionnaire measuring 4 shame coping-strategies (withdrawal, avoidance, attacking others, and attacking the self) and the ability to adapt to shame. Methods: In this article, a German version of the CoSS (CoSS-d) is validated in a community sample and is used to predict psychopathology in a clinical and non-clinical sample. Results: The CoSS-d shows a 4-factorial structure, good reliability, and validity and is stable over time. The 4 poles of shame-coping show an impact on depressive symptoms, aggression, and self-injury. Conclusion: The CoSS serves as a reliable and unique measurement of trait shame-coping. Shame-coping styles are associated with psychopathology.
m6A demethylase ALKBH5 suppression contributes to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a highly malignant gastrointestinal cancer with a high recurrence rate and poor prognosis. Although N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most abundant epitranscriptomic modification of mRNAs, has been implicated in several cancers, little is known about its participation in ESCC progression. We found reduced expression of ALKBH5, an m6A demethylase, in ESCC tissue specimens with a more pronounced effect in T3-T4, N1-N3, clinical stages III–IV, and histological grade III tumors, suggesting its involvement in advanced stages of ESCC. Exogenous expression of ALKBH5 inhibited the in vitro proliferation of ESCC cells, whereas depletion of endogenous ALKBH5 markedly enhanced ESCC cell proliferation in vitro. This suggests ALKBH5 exerts anti-proliferative effects on ESCC growth. Furthermore, ALKBH5 overexpression suppressed tumor growth of Eca-109 cells in nude mice; conversely, depletion of endogenous ALKBH5 accelerated tumor growth of TE-13 cells in vivo. The growth-inhibitory effects of ALKBH5 overexpression are partly attributed to a G1-phase arrest. In addition, ALKBH5 overexpression reduced the in vitro migration and invasion of ESCC cells. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that the loss of ALKBH5 expression contributes to ESCC malignancy.
Review on COVID‐19 diagnosis models based on machine learning and deep learning approaches

COVID‐19 is the disease evoked by a new breed of coronavirus called the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Recently, COVID‐19 has become a pandemic by infecting more than 152 million people in over 216 countries and territories. The exponential increase in the number of infections has rendered traditional diagnosis techniques inefficient. Therefore, many researchers have developed several intelligent techniques, such as deep learning (DL) and machine learning (ML), which can assist the healthcare sector in providing quick and precise COVID‐19 diagnosis. Therefore, this paper provides a comprehensive review of the most recent DL and ML techniques for COVID‐19 diagnosis. The studies are published from December 2019 until April 2021. In general, this paper includes more than 200 studies that have been carefully selected from several publishers, such as IEEE, Springer and Elsevier. We classify the research tracks into two categories: DL and ML and present COVID‐19 public datasets established and extracted from different countries. The measures used to evaluate diagnosis methods are comparatively analysed and proper discussion is provided. In conclusion, for COVID‐19 diagnosing and outbreak prediction, SVM is the most widely used machine learning mechanism, and CNN is the most widely used deep learning mechanism. Accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity are the most widely used measurements in previous studies. Finally, this review paper will guide the research community on the upcoming development of machine learning for COVID‐19 and inspire their works for future development. This review paper will guide the research community on the upcoming development of ML and DL for COVID‐19 and inspire their works for future development.
Therapeutic potential of pregnenolone and pregnenolone methyl ether on depressive and CDKL5 deficiency disorders: Focus on microtubule targeting

Pregnenolone methyl‐ether (PME) is a synthetic derivative of the endogenous neuroactive steroid pregnenolone (PREG), which is an important modulator of several brain functions. In addition to being the precursor of steroids, PREG acts directly on various targets including microtubules (MTs), the functioning of which is fundamental for the development and homeostasis of nervous system. The coordination of MT dynamics is supported by a plethora of MT‐associated proteins (MAPs) and by a specific MT code that is defined by the post‐translational modifications of tubulin. Defects associated with MAPs or tubulin post‐translational modifications are linked to different neurological pathologies including mood and neurodevelopmental disorders. In this review, we describe the beneficial effect of PME in major depressive disorders (MDDs) and in CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD), two pathologies that are joint by defective MT dynamics. Growing evidence indeed suggests that PME, as well as PREG, is able to positively affect the MT‐binding of MAP2 and the plus‐end tracking protein CLIP170 that are both found to be deregulated in the above mentioned pathologies. Furthermore, PME influences the state of MT acetylation, the deregulation of which is often associated with neurological abnormalities including MDDs. By contrast to PREG, PME is not metabolised into other downstream molecules with specific biological properties, an aspect that makes this compound more suitable for therapeutic strategies. Thus, through the analysis of MDDs and CDD, this work focuses attention on the possible use of PME for neuronal pathologies associated with MT defects.