Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Power Control Algorithm for Hybrid Excavator With Supercapacitor

This paper shows several structures of the hybrid excavator with the supercapacitor and compares them with each other from the aspect of fuel efficiency, the additional cost due to the hybridization, and the expected payback time. According to the comparison result, it can be concluded that a compound-type hybrid structure is a better solution than others because of its short expected payback time and higher reliability. In addition, the power control algorithm of the engine and the supercapacitor is proposed. To verify the proposed algorithm, the computer simulation and the engine dynamo test were performed, and the results are presented. The results show that the proposed control algorithm can achieve balance of the power and the energy between the energy sources and the load, and by hybridization, the fuel consumption can be reduced by about 24% compared with the conventional hydraulic excavator. The hardware implementation is now in progress for a 22-ton class excavator.
The Impact of Street Food Stalls on the Local Economy and Conditions for their Sustainable Management

Commercial activities using public space are attracting attention across Japan. Fukuoka City is the top street-stall city in the country. There are more than 150 street food stalls in public spaces such as streets and parks, with which the citizens have been familiar for many years since the end of World War II. The stalls are an example of using public space while substantially contributing to the local economy. Moreover, analyze of the economic impact proves that street food stalls play a significant role for customers. The management of street stalls, however, has a lot of issues to be settled, in terms of hygiene or traffic. Among others, costs to rent public spaces need to be re-examined. This study revealed that if ground rents are based on market prices, a monthly fee of 18,000 yen to 30,000 yen per street food stall is regarded as appropriate. In addition, street stalls are not equipped with toilets or sewerage facilities. It is necessary to examine whether to install toilets or water supply and sewerage facilities that should be paid by socially in order to improve hygiene.
On-line detection of winding short-circuits in inverter fed drives

A single shorted turn in invertor-fed AC motor drives results in very large fault currents and correspondingly serious consequences. Turn to turn faults are a common cause of machine failure and without rapid detection and appropriate post fault control, these faults will propagate rapidly. A fault detection scheme has been presented which works by comparing the sampled phase current to an expected value. Thus the detection method naturally forms an integral part of the current controller and requires no additional sensors. This detection scheme is sufficiently sensitive to detect a single shorted turn in the machine phase.
Research on Efficiency of Solar Cell Integrated with Energy Management Circuitry on Chip

In photoelectric micro-power supply integrated on chip, the conversion efficiency of solar cell was lower compared with canonical solar cell. In order to improve the conversion efficiency of the solar cell, three technologies (fabricating back surface field, fabricating surfaces texture and reflector) were adopted in integrated process of photoelectric micro-power supply on chip. The relevant theory of the three technologies was introduced. The optimum schedule of the photoelectric micro-power supply integrated on SOI wafer was proposed. The conversion efficiency of solar cells was analyzed by simulation tools (PC1D). The results prove the conversion efficiency of solar cells was improved from 9. 34% to 13.3%.
ROOTING DEPTH OF 3 YEAR OLD SEEDLINGS INTO OVERBURDEN PILES AT A HIGH ELEVATION HARD ROCK MINE 1

A series of tree survival test plots were established to examine tree survival rates on high elevation overburden piles. The removal of one of these plots, to allow further mining of the underlying material, created the opportunity to evaluate the rooting success of the tree species. It was hypothesized that roots would not be able to penetrate the overburden due to the chemical properties and compaction of the material. After 3 years there was no difference in rooting depth for the trees given different topdressing depths. All of the species exhibited the ability to root beyond the topdressing and follow water into the overburden.
Size reduction and bandwidth enhancement of snowflake fractal antenna

A new small-size and wideband fractal antenna in the shape of a snowflake is proposed. Various iterations of this fractal antenna with probe feed and capacitively coupled feed are compared and an optimised design is presented. It is shown that, with an air-filled substrate and capacitive feed, an impedance bandwidth >49% and, with a slot-loading technique, a reduction of about 70% in patch surface size compared with an ordinary wideband Koch fractal antenna are achievable. The simulation via a finite-element programme, and measured results on the return loss and the E and H-plane radiation patterns of the proposed antennas are presented and shown to be in good agreement.
A flexible capacitive tactile sensing array with floating electrodes

In this work, we present the development of a capacitive tactile sensing array realized by using MEMS fabrication techniques and flexible printed circuit board (FPCB) technologies. The sensing array, which consists of two micromachined polydimethlysiloxane (PDMS) structures and a FPCB, will be used as the artificial skin for robot applications. Each capacitive sensing element comprises two sensing electrodes and a common floating electrode. The sensing electrodes and the metal interconnect for signal scanning are implemented on the FPCB, while the floating electrode is patterned on one of the PDMS structures. This special design can effectively reduce the complexity of the device structure and thus makes the device highly manufacturable. The characteristics of the devices with different dimensions are measured and discussed. The corresponding scanning circuits are also designed and implemented. The tactile images induced by the PMMA stamps of different shapes are also successfully captured by a fabricated 8 × 8 array.
Content of YouTube videos on cassava production and processing in Nigeria

This study examined content of YouTube videos on cassava production and processing posted in Nigeria between 2009 and 2019. Purposive sampling method was used in selecting 155 YouTube videos with cassava production and processing contents. Primary data on video source, content, duration, quality, number of views, subscribers, likes, comments, presentation format and year of upload were obtained by watching these videos. Data were analysed using frequency counts, percentages, means, standard deviation. Many (53.5%) of the videos were on processing of cassava, while most (80.0%) of the videos were relatively recent (2014 - 2019). Private individuals (38.7%) and media houses (34.2%) were the main sources of videos on cassava production and processing on YouTube. The major content of the video was on agronomic practices in cassava production (12.9%) and value addition (11.0%). Also, 66.0% of the videos had video description (descriptive texts), 36.8% had mobilizing information while 52.3% had a video quality of 720p. Furthermore, 72.9% of the videos had between 1-to-7-minute runtime and these videos had more likes than dislikes with mean values of 92.8 and 5.6 respectively. The mean number of views, subscribers and comments were 11,138.1, 179,537.6 and 13.6, respectively. The presentation patterns in the videos were in form of news (24.5%) and documentary (20.0%). YouTube videos on cassava production and processing were well viewed with a substantial number of subscribers. More YouTube videos on cassava production and processing should be produced with varied contents by different stakeholders in the agricultural sector.
Distribution of the Genus Ceratocystiopsis (Ascomycota, Ophiostomatales) on Conifers in Norway, With Description of Four New Species

The genus Ceartocystiopsis includes ascomycetes fungi belonging to the Ophiostomatales that are not well recognized in the world. Described species so far have been found mainly in association with bark beetles in the Northern Hemisphere. The aims of this study were therefore to survey of distribution of species of Ceratocystiopsis associated with bark beetles infesting Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris in Norway. Adults for 22 different bark beetle species were collected from 13 stands in Norway. During this study, we recovered 126 isolates showing affinities to Ceratocystiopsis representing six species, including two described and four undescribed taxa. The four undescribed taxa collected during this work were characterised based on their morphological characteristics and multi-gene phylogenies. Herein, we describe these new species as Ceratocystiopsis chalcographii sp. nov., Ceratocystiopsis debeeria sp. nov., Ceratocystiopsis norroenii sp. nov. and Ceratocystiopsis troendelagii sp. nov. Ceratocystiopsis norroenii and C. rollhanseniana were the most frequently isolated species although the latter species had a much wider vector range. This study expands our knowledge about the taxonomy and species diversity of Ceratocystiopsis and beetle-fungus relationships.
THE EFFECT OF EXPORT AND IMPORT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN INDONESIA

This research aims to examine the effect of export and import on economic growth. The data used are time series data consisting of export, import and economic in period 2004Q1-2018Q1. The test results using the autoregressive distributed lag model indicates that in the short and long run, there is the effect of export and import on economic growth. In the long run, every 1% of the decline in import lead to the 1.17% increase of the economic growth, while 1% increase in export lead to the 1.83% increase of the economic growth.
Linearity vs. Q‐factor of loads for RF amplifiers

This paper analyzes and verifies that RF amplifier linearity as well as gain depend significantly on the quality of the output matching components or the loads (especially the inductor). Two amplifiers with off‐ and on‐chip matching circuits are built and compared. Measurement results show that a driver amplifier with off‐chip reactive output matching provides better linearity and gain of 3.6 dB and 1.6 dB, respectively, as compared to that of the amplifier with on‐chip matching. The amplifiers are implemented for 2.4‐GHz operation based on 0.35‐μm CMOS technology. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 37: 286–288, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10896
Conservator, Curator, Craftsman: Collaborations at Colonial Williamsburg

Colonial Williamsburg offers unique opportunities for the sharing of knowledge and experience among the various departments. Furniture conser- vation regularly benefits from a wealth of resources among which are the curators and historic area craftsmen such as the cabinetmakers, metalsmiths, and textile interpreters. This paper presents two representative projects which combine var- ious skills and personal knowledge in the course of treating individual objects. For instance, projects requiring the replacement of lost elements occasionally require consultation with the cabinetmakers from the Anthony Hay Shop, the blacksmiths from the Anderson Forge, or the founders from the Geddy Foundry. In many cases, the conservator also provides information that enhances the knowl- edge of the curator and the craftsman. The collaboration of all these professionals promotes a better understanding of form, manufacturing technique, and materials, and improves on overall historic interpretation.
Modeling cracks in concrete elements with XFEM

The paper describes the eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM) to simulate cracks in quasi-brittle mate rials (e.g. concrete). Fundamental relationships and basic discrete consti tutive laws are given. Criteria to determine the cra ck's growth condition and its direction are provided. Aspects of numerical implementation are discussed. Modelling of quasi-brittle materials is a quite dem anding task due to the presence of cracks. At the beginnin g of the loading, a region with several microcracks is forme d. Later these microcracks create a macrocrack. In general there are two basic approaches to simula te a solid body with cracks. The first idea is based on contin uum description, which is also valid after a macrocrack creation. The material can be described using e.g. elasto-plastic , damage mechanics or coupled constitutive laws. These formu lations usually include softening, so they have to be equip ped with a characteristic length of the microstructure. It can be done by means of a Cosserat, non-local or gradient theory. Alternatively, a crack can be regarded as a macrocr ack with a displacement jump (by omitting a microcrack phase). The oldest solutions used interface elements defined al ong element edges. The modern proposals allow one to locate cra cks in the interior of finite elements. One possibility is to use elements with embedded discontinuities. Another solution, ca lled XFEM, is based on a partition of unity concept (4). It ad ds global degrees of freedom in some nodes during calculation s to describe jumps in a displacement field. This techni que was originally used to simulate brittle materials (1, 5 ) and was extended to handle also cohesive cracks in quasi-br ittle materials (8). 2. Theory background
Dynamic Modelling and Simulation of Pneumatic Actuators

Pneumatic operated spring-diaphragm actuator is the most popular acting device in industrial applications. Precise modelling of pneumatic actuator continues to remain a major challenge because of its nonlinear characteristic. In this work, the characteristics of pneumatic actuator are analysed in details, and then the dynamic model, which considers effects of stem friction and compressibility of air, is developed. Computer simulation and experimental tests have been carried out on the developed model. The results show the model has a better performance.
Observability under recurrent loss of data

An account is given of the concept of extended observability in finite-dimensional linear time-invariant systems under recurrent loss of data, where the state vector has to be reconstructed from an ensemble of sensor data at nonconsecutive samples. An at once necessary and sufficient condition for extended observability that can be expressed via a recursive relation is presented, together with such conditions for this as may be related to the characteristic polynomial of the state transition matrix in a discrete-time setting, or of the system matrix in a continuous-time setting.
Adaptive impedance control of a hydraulic suspension system using particle swarm optimisation

This paper presents a novel active control approach for a hydraulic suspension system subject to road disturbances. A novel impedance model is used as a model reference in a particular robust adaptive control which is applied for the first time to the hydraulic suspension system. A scheme is introduced for selecting the impedance parameters. The impedance model prescribes a desired behaviour of the active suspension system in a wide range of different road conditions. Moreover, performance of the control system is improved by applying a particle swarm optimisation algorithm for optimising control design parameters. Design of the control system consists of two interior loops. The inner loop is a force control of the hydraulic actuator, while the outer loop is a robust model reference adaptive control (MRAC). This type of MRAC has been applied for uncertain linear systems. As another novelty, despite nonlinearity of the hydraulic actuator, the suspension system and the force loop together are presented as an uncertain linear system to the MRAC. The proposed control method is simulated on a quarter-car model. Simulation results show effectiveness of the method.
Associations among Farm, Breed, Lactation Stage and Parity, Gene Polymorphisms and the Fatty Acid Profile of Milk from Holstein, Simmental and Their Crosses

Simple Summary The composition of milk fat has serious importance for consumer health, and unsaturated and especially polyunsaturated fatty acids are preferred. Thus, methods of influencing the fatty acid profile of milk fat are intensively being studied, both genetically and nongenetically. This paper analyzed the effects of polymorphisms in some genes, breeds, lactation parity and stage, and farm on the milk fatty acid profile. The farm was the most significant factor influencing the profile, followed by the lactation stage and their interaction. The lactation parity did not show much importance. The effect of the cow’s breed was minimal. Considering that all 49 individual fatty acids and 11 groups were evaluated, the influence of the gene polymorphisms mentioned was not strong. SCD1 showed significance in eleven cases. Abstract This study aimed to analyze the factors affecting the fatty acid (FA) profile in cow’s milk. The effects of a farm, lactation parity and stage, breed and polymorphisms in the AGPAT6, DGAT1, LEP, FASN and SCD1 genes were evaluated. A total of 196 Holstein cows, 226 Simmental cows and seven crosses were sampled 751 times. The cows were kept at five farms and were in the first up to the sixth lactation, and 49 individual FAs and 11 groups were analyzed. The farm significantly affected the proportion of all FAs except for C16:1n-7c and isoC14:0. Additionally, the lactation stage was significant for most FAs, and the opposite was true for lactation parity. The effect of the breed was negligible. For the gene polymorphisms, the SCD1 TT genotype exceeded the CC in C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, C16:1n-7c and C18:2, and the opposite was true for C10:1, C12:1, C14:1n-5c, isoC17:0, C16:1 and C18:1, i.e., the TT genotype was higher for saturated FAs, and the CT genotype was higher for monounsaturated FAs. The results hint at the intermediary heredity of the SCD1 gene. The FASN gene was strongly associated with four FAs and branched-chain FAs, and genotype AG was better than GG. LEP was significant for five individual FAs and branched-chain FAs. The differences in FA composition among genotypes were rather small, which could lead to overestimation of the effect and needs to be considered in the next research.
A review of planar scissor structural mechanisms: geometric principles and design methods

This study deals with a review of planar scissor structural mechanisms (SSMs) and reports on how they can be easily transformed from a stowed to a deployed configuration. These mechanisms have an important transformation capacity of their extension and rotation properties, and many examples have been proposed that vary in size, type and geometry. Although there are many studies dealing with designing new planar or spatial SSMs and their calculation methods, there is no systematic study demonstrating the basic typologies, geometric principles, design rules and constraints of such SSMs. Further, current calculation methods are based on the inductive approach in which the dimension of one scissor unit (SU) is given, but the span of the whole structure is found later according to the number of SUs that are used to assemble the structure. However, this approach is not convenient for architectural applications, because it requires a deductive approach in which the dimensions and required number of SUs are calculated according to defined span length. On the basis of this concept, this article, first, analyses the geometric design of SSMs systematically in terms of their possible configurations and then develops trigonometric calculation methods for different types of SSMs, using a deductive approach.
Automatic endpoint determination for batch tea dryers

A laboratory batch fluid-bed dryer was developed for handling small samples of tea for experimental batch manufacture, and this dryer required a means of stopping drying when the process was complete. A control system was devised which requires only the initial weight of the sample to be entered into the controller. The system then takes full control, using only an inlet and exhaust temperature measurement. A simulation model was used to explore the operating region of the dryer, and how the various disturbances affected the drying time. A relationship was found between time to a transition temperature and time to completion which enabled a simple algorithm to be developed, suitable for implementation on a microcontroller. The method was found to be substantially independent of variables such as sample moisture content and ambient air conditions, as well as inlet temperature, over the range normally experienced. The algorithm was tested in practice and found to give adequate control, substantially better than the manual system used previously.
Quasicontinuous functions and the topology of uniform convergence on compacta

Let X be a Hausdorff topological space, Q(X,R) be the space of all quasicontinuous functions on X with values in R and ? UC be the topology of uniform convergence on compacta. If X is hemicompact, then (Q(X,R), ? UC) is metrizable and thus many cardinal invariants, including weight, density and cellularity coincide on (Q(X,R), ? UC). We find further conditions on X under which these cardinal invariants coincide on (Q(X,R), ? UC) as well as characterizations of some cardinal invariants of (Q(X,R), ? UC). It is known that the weight of continuous functions (C(R,R), ? UC) is ? 0. We will show that the weight of (Q(R,R), ? UC) is 2c.
Analysis of semiconductor laser optical amplifiers

A new analytical model for semiconductor laser amplifiers is presented. It has the virtue of avoiding excessive numerical computation and yet retaining sufficient accuracy for most cases of interest. The essentially new feature is the use of an appropriate mean photon density obtained by averaging the axial field distribution along the cavity length. Calculated results are presented for gain, saturation power and tuning characteristics, and their sensitivity to current density, facet reflectivities, and the spontaneous emission coefficient is explored.