Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Isometric force production symmetry and jumping performance in collegiate athletes

Participation in sports can place numerous physical demands on the athletes who partake in them. Many of these sports may require the athlete to repeat the same motions countless times. Concerning a sport such as baseball or softball, a player may throw or hit with the same side of their body possibly leading to altered ranges of motion and strength asymmetries.1-3 Other sports may require the players to utilize both sides of their body equally, but lengthy playing careers in any sport may result in changes in the range of motion, force producing capabilities, and overall symmetry of one’s body. Of increasing importance to the sport scientist is the question: is asymmetry a cause for concern or is it merely a product of increasing efficiency in a given sport task. According to Knapik et al4, a bilateral isokinetic strength imbalance of 15% or greater is consistent with a high risk of injury when concerning knee flexion and extension. Nadler et al5 also demonstrated contralateral strength imbalances of the hip f lexors were predictors of low back pain in 163 collegiate athletes. However others have shown contrary findings. Bennell and colleagues6 failed to establish a relationship between strength testing, symmetry, and hamstring injury. Buekeboom et al.7 found significant strength asymmetries in 25 collegiate track sprinters and middle distance runners but also failed to link those to any injury predictability. Potential injury is not the only concern when considering asymmetry. One must also consider if there is any detriment to performance resulting from asymmetry. To date there has been a limited amount of research investigating the relationship between force production symmetry and performance. Most of the previous research has investigated unilateral asymmetry and sought to correlate single leg jumping performance with sprinting and change of direction performance.8-10 Considerably less research has investigated bilateral force production asymmetry and the majority examined previously injured populations.11-12 Yoshioka et al20 assessed bilateral strength asymmetry in a computer simulation model, and their results indicated that jump height was not affected by strength asymmetry and that the stronger leg possibly compensated for the weaker leg. If this was assessed on human subjects, the compensation of the stronger side may not be adequate to make up for the weaker side and the results may be different. To our knowledge, this has not been tested on human subjects, and there is a need for
Kettlewell commit fraud ? Re-examining the evidence

Nutzungsbedingungen: Dieser Text wird unter dem "PEER Licence Agreement zur Verfügung" gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zum PEER-Projekt finden Sie hier: http://www.peerproject. eu Gewährt wird ein nicht exklusives, nicht übertragbares, persönliches und beschränktes Recht auf Nutzung dieses Dokuments. Dieses Dokument ist ausschließlich für den persönlichen, nicht-kommerziellen Gebrauch bestimmt. Auf sämtlichen Kopien dieses Dokuments müssen alle Urheberrechtshinweise und sonstigen Hinweise auf gesetzlichen Schutz beibehalten werden. Sie dürfen dieses Dokument nicht in irgendeiner Weise abändern, noch dürfen Sie dieses Dokument für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, aufführen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. Mit der Verwendung dieses Dokuments erkennen Sie die Nutzungsbedingungen an. Terms of use: This document is made available under the "PEER Licence Agreement ". For more Information regarding the PEER-project see: http://www.peerproject. eu This document is solely intended for your personal, non-commercial use.All of the copies of this documents must retain all copyright information and other information regarding legal protection. You are not allowed to alter this document in any way, to copy it for public or commercial purposes, to exhibit the document in public, to perform, distribute or otherwise use the document in public. By using this particular document, you accept the above-stated conditions of use.
Single-Photon Emission Computerized Tomography and Neurocognitive Function in Patients With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Objective The purposes of this study were to compare functional imaging under control and experimental conditions among patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and healthy persons and to examine perceived and objective performance on a test of attention and working memory previously found to be difficult for persons with CFS. Methods Single-photon emission computerized tomography scans were completed on 15 subjects with CFS and 15 healthy persons twice: at rest and when performing the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT). Results No group differences were found for performance on the PASAT despite CFS subjects’ perceptions of exerting more mental effort to perform the task than healthy subjects. Inspection of the aggregate scans by group and task suggested a pattern of diffuse regional cerebral blood flow among subjects with CFS in comparison with the more focal pattern of regional cerebral blood flow seen among healthy subjects. Between-group region-of-interest analysis revealed that although CFS subjects showed less perfusion in the anterior cingulate region, the change in CFS subjects’ activation of the left anterior cingulate region during the PASAT was greater than that observed for healthy subjects. The differences were not attributable to lesser effort by the subjects with CFS, confounding effects of mood perturbation, or to poorer performance on the experimental task. Conclusions Further research regarding CFS subjects’ diffuse cerebral perfusion and its relationship to inefficient neuropsychological performance is warranted.
Inflammatory Process in Hepatic Encephalopathy: The Role of Interleukin-18

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a spectrum of neuropsychiatric abnormalities associated in patients with liver dysfunction and/or portosystemic shunting. It is one of the most serious complication of cirrhosis. HE is associated with increase hospitalization, increase in health cost, and mortality of cirrhosis patients. Approximately 30-45% of cirrhosis patients will develop HE and it is the most common cause of hospitalization in decompensated cirrhosis patients. Cirrhosis patients who had HE had 1-year survival probability of 42% and 3-year probability of 23%. HE comprises a complex, multifactorial, mechanisms resulting in functional impairment of neuronal cell. For many years, ammonia was considered as the main role of the pathogenesis of HE. However, many studies showed that blood ammonia levels may not correlate with the degree of HE suggesting more compounds were involved. In recent years, many agents emerge as a part of HE pathogenesis such as deposition manganese in the basal ganglia, benzodiazepine-like compounds, microbiota, aromatic amino acids, and also inflammatory cytokines. Many evidences showed that inflammation plays important role in the development of HE. Astrocytes and microglia are capable to produce proinflammatory cytokines as a response to inflammatory state in cirrhosis patients. These cytokines will increase blood-brain barrier permeability for ammonia and its passage into astrocytes. It has been long documented that the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukins (ILs) were increase in decompensated cirrhotic patients. In 1995, Izumi et al had shown that interleukin (IL)-6 was correlated with fulminant hepatic failure and chronic HE. Since then, multiple interleukins were identified to be associated with HE including IL-18.6 IL-18 is a proinflammatory cytokine, previously describe as interferon γ-inducing factor, involved in activation and differentiation of various T cell populations. IL-18 show proinflammatory properties such as increase in cell-adhesion molecules, nitric oxide synthesis, and chemokine production.8 Other than induce the inflammatory state, IL-18 may induce HE by disturbed intestinal permeability and mucus production by goblet cells resulted in dysbiosis and increase of plasma endotoxin. Recent study by Anton et al showed that mean serum of IL-18 levels were higher in the cirrhosis patients compared to healthy controls (688.5 ± 674.3 pg/mL vs. 163.9 ± 100 pg/mL; p = 0.01). In this study, IL-18 was significantly correlated with HE (r = 0.85; p < 0.05). More importantly, IL-18 levels were significantly different between the severity grade of HE. These evidences show possibilities to utilize IL-18 for diagnosis and management HE in the future.
End-to-end weakly-supervised single-stage multiple 3D hand mesh reconstruction from a single RGB image

In this paper, we consider the challenging task of simultaneously locating and recovering multiple hands from a single 2D image. Previous studies either focus on single hand reconstruction or solve this problem in a multi-stage way. Moreover, the conventional two-stage pipeline firstly detects hand areas, and then estimates 3D hand pose from each cropped patch. To reduce the computational redundancy in preprocessing and feature extraction, for the first time, we propose a concise but efficient single-stage pipeline for multi-hand reconstruction. Specifically, we design a multi-head auto-encoder structure, where each head network shares the same feature map and outputs the hand center, pose and texture, respectively. Besides, we adopt a weakly-supervised scheme to alleviate the burden of expensive 3D real-world data annotations. To this end, we propose a series of losses optimized by a stage-wise training scheme, where a multi-hand dataset with 2D annotations is generated based on the publicly available single hand datasets. In order to further improve the accuracy of the weakly supervised model, we adopt several feature consistency constraints in both single and multiple hand settings. Specifically, the keypoints of each hand estimated from local features should be consistent with the re-projected points predicted from global features. Extensive experiments on public benchmarks including FreiHAND, HO3D, InterHand2.6M and RHD demonstrate that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art model-based methods in both weakly-supervised and fully-supervised manners. The code and models are available at {https://github.com/zijinxuxu/SMHR}.
Polyphyly in widespread Salmonella enterica serovars and using genomic proximity to choose the best reference genome for bioinformatics analyses

Salmonella is the most common cause of gastroenteritis in the world. Over the past 5 years, whole-genome analysis has led to the high-resolution characterization of clinical and foodborne Salmonella responsible for typhoid fever, foodborne illness or contamination of the agro-food chain. Whole-genome analyses are simplified by the availability of high-quality, complete genomes for mapping analysis and for calculating the pairwise distance between genomes, but unfortunately some difficulties may still remain. For some serovars, the complete genome is not available, or some serovars are polyphyletic and knowing the serovar alone is not sufficient for choosing the most appropriate reference genome. For these serovars, it is essential to identify the genetically closest complete genome to be able to carry out precise genome analyses. In this study, we explored the genomic proximity of 650 genomes of the 58 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovars most frequently isolated in humans and from the food chain in the United States (US) and in Europe (EU), with a special focus on France. For each serovar, to take into account their genomic diversity, we included all the multilocus sequence type (MLST) profiles represented in EnteroBase with 10 or more genomes (on 19 July 2021). A phylogenetic analysis using both core- and pan-genome approaches was carried out to identify the genomic proximity of all the Salmonella studied and 20 polyphyletic serovars that have not yet been described in the literature. This study determined the genetic proximity between all 58 serovars studied and revealed polyphyletic serovars, their genomic lineages and MLST profiles. Finally, we enhanced the open-access databases with 73 new genomes and produced a list of high-quality complete reference genomes for 48 S. enterica subsp. enterica serovars among the most isolated in the US, EU, and France.
Central Venous Pressure versus Internal Jugular Vein or Inferior Vena Cava Collapsibility Indices to Predict Fluid Status in Critically Ill Patients

Background: The assessment of the volume status in critically ill paediatric patients in intensive care units is vitally important for fluid therapy management. The most commonly used parameter for detecting volume status is still central venous pressure (CVP). However, in recent years, various kinds of methods and devices are being used for volume assessment in intensive care units to minimize the many complications of invasive central venous catheter insertion. Objective: This study aimed to use internal jugular vein (IJV) or inferior vena cava collapsibility indices (CI) by ultrasonography as a first-line approach for the bedside non-invasive assessment of central venous pressure/fluid status in critical ill intensive care unit patients. Patients and Methods: This study was carried out on 67 patients of both sex who were admitted to the Surgical Intensive Care Units of Anesthesia Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University Hospitals during the period from January 2021 to January 2022. Results: There were a statistical significance decrease in all CI among cases had CVP >10 mmHg compared to cases had CVP ≤10. CI of IJV at 0 degree at cut off >21.4 had sensitivity 88.4%, specificity 79.2% and accuracy 85.1% in prediction of CVP ≤ 10 while at 30 degree at cut off 20.7 had sensitivity 90.7%, specificity 83.3% and accuracy 88.1% in prediction of CVP ≤ 10 mmHg. Finally, CI of IVC at cut off >31.75 had sensitivity 74.4%, specificity 70.8% and accuracy 73.1% in prediction of CVP ≤ 10 mmHg among the studied cases. Conclusions: Ultrasonographic measurement of venous parameters of IJV provides a useful non-invasive tool for assessment of intravascular volume status in critically ill patients.
Efficient Nonlinear Finite Element Modeling of Nonrigid Objects via Optimization of Mesh Models

In this paper we propose a new general framework for the application ofthe nonlinear finite element method(FEM) to nonrigid motion analysis. We construct the models by integrating image data and prior knowledge, using well-established techniques from computer vision, structural mechanics, and computer-aided design (CAD). These techniques guide the process of optimization of mesh models.Linear FEM proved to be a successful physically based modeling tool in solving limited types of nonrigid motion problems. However, linear FEM cannot handle nonlinear materials or large deformations. Application of nonlinear FEM to nonrigid motion analysis has been restricted by difficulties with high computational complexity and noise sensitivity.We tackle the problems associated with nonlinear FEM by changing the parametric description of the object to allow easy automatic control of the model, using physically motivated analysis of the possible displacements to address the worst effects of the noise, applying mesh control strategies, and utilizing multiscale methods. The combination of these methods represents a new systematic approach to a class of nonrigid motion applications for which sufficiently precise and flexible FEM models can be built.The results from the skin elasticity experiments demonstrate the success of the proposed method. The model allows us to objectively detect the differences in elasticity between normal and abnormal skin. Our work demonstrates the possibility of accurate computation of point correspondences and force recovery from range image sequences containing nonrigid objects and large motion.
Visitors unchained

Traversing and transforming abstract syntax trees that involve name binding is notoriously difficult to do in a correct, concise, modular, customizable manner. We address this problem in the setting of OCaml, a functional programming language equipped with powerful object-oriented features. We use visitor classes as partial, composable descriptions of the operations that we wish to perform on abstract syntax trees. We introduce "visitors", a simple type-directed facility for generating visitor classes that have no knowledge of binding. Separately, we present "alphaLib", a library of small hand-written visitor classes, each of which knows about a specific binding construct, a specific representation of names, and/or a specific operation on abstract syntax trees. By combining these components, a wide range of operations can be defined. Multiple representations of names can be supported, as well as conversions between representations. Binding structure can be described either in a programmatic style, by writing visitor methods, or in a declarative style, via preprogrammed binding combinators.
Macroscopic equations for flow in unsaturated porous media

This dissertation describes averaging of microscale flow equations to obtain a consistent description of liquid flow in unsaturated porous media on the macroscale. It introduces a new method of averaging the pressure term and a unit cell model capable of describing unsaturated flow. Starting from the description of liquid flow through individual pores, a macroscopic equation for flow of a liquid in a porous medium in the presence of a gas is derived. The flow is directly influenced by phase interfaces, i.e.\\ solid-liquid or gas-liquid. By including these pore scale phenomena in a continuum description of fluid transport in porous media, equations for liquid flow on the macroscale are obtained. The unit cell model is based on a simplified geometric representation of a porous medium. It allows for the modeling of the important characteristics of a porous medium for unsaturated flow. Through the use of volume averaging and direct integration macroscale momentum and mass balance equations are derived from the microscale momentum and mass balance equations, resulting in a novel form of the macroscale pressure term. The macroscale flow of liquids in unsaturated porous media can be written proportional to a driving force, which is proportional to the difference of the inverse area averaged liquid pressures across an averaging volume. In principle the flow is driven by gradients in liquid pressure, but due to the nonlinear coupling between capillary forces and liquid pressure the driving force becomes nonlinear. Two dynamic terms were derived by simplifying the flow dynamics in a porous medium. They remain to be tested quantitatively and still have considerable uncertainty concerning their exact form and/or magnitude. Comparison of the newly proposed macroscale equations with the Buckingham-Darcy equation shows that, using reasonable assumptions, the newly proposed macroscale equations can be written in a form similar to the Buckingham-Darcy equation. The newly proposed macroscale equations are compared to an experiment and satisfactory agreement between experiment and calculations was observed.
systemPipeR Workflow for Ribo-Seq and polyRibo-Seq Experiments

7 Genomic read coverage along transripts or CDSs 9 7.1 Binned CDS coverage to compare many transcripts . 9 7.2 Coverage upstream and downstream of start and stop codons . 9 7.3 Combined coverage for both binned CDS and start/stop codons . 10 7.4 Nucleotide level coverage along entire transcripts/CDSs . 10
Specifying and implementing refactorings

Modern IDEs for object-oriented languages like Java provide support for a basic set of simple automated refactorings whose behaviour is easy to describe intuitively. It is, however, surprisingly difficult to specify their behaviour in detail. In particular, the popular precondition-based approach tends to produce somewhat unwieldy descriptions if advanced features of the object language are taken into account. This has resulted in refactoring implementations that are complex, hard to understand, and even harder to maintain, yet these implementations themselves are the only precise "specification" of many refactorings. We have in past work advocated a different approach based on several complementary notions of dependencies that guide the implementation, and on the concept of microrefactorings that structure it. We show in this work that these concepts are powerful enough to provide high-level specifications of many of the refactorings implemented in Eclipse. These specifications are precise enough to serve as the basis of a clean-room reimplementation of these refactorings that is very compact, yet matches Eclipse's for features and outperforms it in terms of correctness.
Bayesian time series matching and privacy

A user's privacy can be compromised by matching the statistical characteristics of an anonymized trace of interest to prior behavior of the user. Here, we address this matching problem from first principles in the Bayesian case, where user parameters are drawn from a known distribution, to understand the relationship between the length of the observed traces, the characteristics of the distribution defining the differences between user behavior, and user privacy. First, we establish optimal tests (of two hypotheses and extended to multiple hypotheses as well) for the cases with: 1) continuous alphabets, in particular i.i. d. Gaussian observations with a different (unknown) mean for each user, where the means are drawn from a general a priori distribution; 2) binary alphabets where i.i. d. observations are drawn from a Bernoulli distribution, with each user having an (unknown) probability of being in the "0" state drawn from some certain a priori distribution. Next, for the case with Gaussian observations, we provide general (non-asymptotic) bounds to the performance of the tests and also employ these to show the scaling behavior of privacy. Finally, we present simulation results to demonstrate the accuracy of our analytical bounds.
A surrogate channel based analysis of EEG signals for detection of epileptic seizure

The human brain produces electrical signals which prove vital in understanding the degree of abnormality that may, in many cases, result in a person behaving unusually. Epileptic seizures are known to be sudden surges of electrical activity in the brain which cause the affected person to behave abnormally for a short time period. The information contained in these signals is recorded via an EEG machine. Traditionally, these signals are interpreted by specialist neurologists. This technique, however, induces the human error into the observation which may cause fatal damage. This research presents an autonomous system, capable of detecting the occurrence of an epileptic seizure, without the help of a specialist. The solution presented in this study consists of four steps i.e. pre-processing, feature extraction, feature selection and classification. The purpose of pre-processing is to organize the data in an orderly manner and to remove noise. We have also applied Laplacian smoothing on multichannel data to generate a surrogate channel having information of all channels. The feature extraction phase extracts temporal, spectral and time-spectral domain features for proper representation of seizure and non-seizure samples. The phase is followed by the process of feature selection, where the best set of features are determined using rank features and are finally used to classify input EEG signals as normal or abnormal using a hybrid classifier. The proposed system is tested on a publicly available dataset and results show the significance of the proposed system.