Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Different Mutation Tolerance of Lentiviral (HIV-1) and Deltaretroviral (BLV and HTLV) Protease Precursors

The bovine leukemia virus (BLV) and the human T-lymphothropic viruses (HTLVs) are members of the deltaretrovirus genus of Retroviridae family. An essential event of the retroviral life cycle is the processing of the polyproteins by the viral protease (PR); consequently, these enzymes became important therapeutic targets of the anti-retroviral drugs. As compared to human immunodeficiency viruses (HIVs), the deltaretroviruses have a different replication strategy, as they replicate predominantly in the DNA form, by forcing the infected cell to divide, unlike HIV-1, which replicates mainly by producing a vast number of progeny virions and by reinfection. Due to bypassing the error-prone reverse transcription step of replication, the PRs of deltaretroviruses did not undergo such extensive evolution as HIV PRs and remained more highly conserved. In this work, we studied the abilities of wild-type and modified BLV, HTLV (type 1, 2 and 3), and HIV-1 PRs (fused to an N-terminal MBP tag) for self-processing. We designed a cleavage site mutant MBP-fused BLV PR precursor as well, this recombinant enzyme was unable for self-proteolysis, the MBP fusion tag decreased its catalytic efficiency but showed an unusually low Ki for the IB-268 protease inhibitor. Our results show that the HTLV and BLV deltaretrovirus PRs exhibit lower mutation tolerance as compared to HIV-1 PR, and are less likely to retain their activity upon point mutations at various positions, indicating a higher flexibility of HIV-1 PR in tolerating mutations under selective pressure.
Designing and constructing prototype hand and forearm models (pronation and supination) for myoelectric hand prostheses

Rehabilitation engineering’s work consists of developing products associated with physical rehabilitation, mainly prostheses for upper and lower extremity amputees. Developing such products implies mechanical design and the suitable selection of materials and manufacturing process to replace some of the functions which a patient may have lost. The work presented here was aimed at establishing an optimal solution for substituting the needs of a patient having had the forearm amputated at the proximal level of the elbow. This article describes the whole process followed, from understanding the medical language to developing a functional prototype able to replace the arm’s two functions (i.e. the hand and forearm’s pronation and supination movements).
An Update on Photodynamic Therapy of Psoriasis—Current Strategies and Nanotechnology as a Future Perspective

Psoriasis (PS) is an immune-mediated skin disease with substantial negative effects on patient quality of life. Despite significant progress in the development of novel treatment options over the past few decades, a high percentage of patients with psoriasis remain undertreated and require new medications with superior long-term efficacy and safety. One of the most promising treatment options against psoriatic lesions is a form of phototherapy known as photodynamic therapy (PDT), which involves either the systemic or local application of a cell-targeting photosensitizing compound, followed by selective illumination of the lesion with visible light. However, the effectiveness of clinically incorporated photosensitizers in psoriasis treatment is limited, and adverse effects such as pain or burning sensations are frequently reported. In this study, we performed a literature review and attempted to provide a pooled estimate of the efficacy and short-term safety of targeted PDT in the treatment of psoriasis. Despite some encouraging results, PDT remains clinically underutilized. This highlights the need for further studies that will aim to evaluate the efficacy of a wider spectrum of photosensitizers and the potential of nanotechnology in psoriasis treatment.
Range-Division Multiplexing for MIMO OFDM Joint Radar and Communications

An orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) waveform enables simultaneous radar sensing and communications. In the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) case with several transmit (Tx) antennas, multiplexing the transmit signals is usually implemented using equidistant subcarrier interleaving (ESI), thus allowing the separation of the transmit signals in frequency domain. In this work, a multiplexing technique denoted as range-division multiplexing (RDMult) is analyzed, which allows separating signals radiated by different Tx antennas along the range axis of a range-Doppler map. This work also investigates the effects of RDMult on the communication task. It turns out that RDMult heavily distorts the channel statistics by introducing a repetitive pattern of deep fading holes, which severely distort the transmission of data. To combat this issue, this work proposes a communication system especially designed for RDMult, including methods for data estimation, channel estimation and synchronization. Simulations confirm the effectiveness of these concepts in terms of bit error ratio (BER) performance.
Superparamagnetic-Like Behaviour in RE2WO6Tungstates (Where RE = Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho and Er)

The magnetization isotherms were used to study the superparamagnetic-like behaviour in polycrystalline (powder) RE2WO6 tungstates (where RE = Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho and Er). The magnetization isotherms of the majority tungstates under study revealed both the spontaneous magnetic moments and hysteresis characteristic for the superparamagnetic-like behaviour with blocking temperature TB ≈ 30 K except the Sm2WO6 and Eu2WO6 compounds.
Fixed point property for a CAT(0) space which admits a proper cocompact group action

We prove that if a geodesically complete $\mathrm{CAT}(0)$ space $X$ admits a proper cocompact isometric action of a group, then the Izeki-Nayatani invariant of $X$ is less than $1$. Let $G$ be a finite connected graph, $\mu_1 (G)$ be the linear spectral gap of $G$, and $\lambda_1 (G,X)$ be the nonlinear spectral gap of $G$ with respect to such a $\mathrm{CAT}(0)$ space $X$. Then, the result implies that the ratio $\lambda_1 (G,X) / \mu_1 (G)$ is bounded from below by a positive constant which is independent of the graph $G$. It follows that any isometric action of a random group of the graph model on such $X$ has a global fixed point. In particular, any isometric action of a random group of the graph model on a Bruhat-Tits building associated to a semi-simple algebraic group has a global fixed point.
Non-normability of spaces of Keplerian orbits

We prove that spaces of Keplerian curvilinear orbits, all orbits and elliptic orbits with marked peri- center cannot carry a norm, compatible with their standard topology. We also prove that the space of Keplerian elliptic orbits without marked pericenter cannot carry a norm, compatible with the natural metrics on it.
Media Framings and Biases on Morey’s Hong Kong Tweet

This paper is a case study and delves into the news outlets that report Morey’s Hong Kong tweet and his clarification. Based on a literature review on media framing, I will analyze how the outlets present and comment on the same event differently and draw a cross-nation comparison between Vox and People’s Daily. Furthermore, I will explore the driving force behind such inciting writing style. Finally, I will conclude that media framings serve to reinforce audiences’ values and increase the prestige of media.
Effectiveness of Super Floss and Water Flosser in Plaque Removal for Patients Undergoing Orthodontic Treatment: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Objectives This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of super floss and water flosser in plaque removal for patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Methods A single-blind, randomized, controlled, parallel clinical trial with a split-mouth protocol was conducted on young adult orthodontic patients who were recruited from Riyadh Specialized Dental Center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The type of floss used was randomly assigned to each side of the oral cavity; Super-Floss® (Oral-B) was used on one side, while the Waterpik® water flosser was used on the other. Patients' plaque level was assessed using Rustogi et al. modified navy plaque index (RMNPI) at baseline and immediately after cleaning. Results A total of 62 subjects were screened; however, only 34 subjects were enrolled in the study with an equal number of males and females. Overall, the plaque score was significantly reduced from 0.56 ± 0.35 to 0.13 ± 0.26 in the super floss group and from 0.61 ± 0.35 to 0.13 ± 0.28 in the water flosser group. There was no significant difference between the mean difference of super floss and water flosser (p=0.951). On the other hand, there was no significant difference between both groups in terms of the preintervention plaque score (p=0.379). The water flosser had a greater effect size on plaque removal compared to super floss on distal interproximal surface of the molar tooth with a mean difference of (−0.21, 95% CI: 00.37 to −0.04, p=0.033). Conclusions The use of super floss or water flosser as interproximal aids for plaque removal in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment are both effective. Trial registration. ISRCTN, ISRCTN83875016. Registered 12 September 2021-retrospectively registered, https://www.isrctn. com/ISRCTN83875016.
Gaussian behavior of loop-erased self-avoiding random walk in four dimensions

Une marche auto-evitante de longueur n sur le reseau entier Z d est une suite ordonnee de points [x 0 =0, x 1 ,. ,x n ] avec |x i −x i−1 |=1 et x i ¬=x j pour i¬=j. On etudie le comportement d'une telle marche a d=4 quand on applique le processus de boucle effacee
Selachians from the Hosta Tongue of the Point Lookout Sandstone (Upper Cretaceous, Santonian), central New Mexico

Every fall since 1950, the New Mexico Geological Society (NMGS) has held an annual Fall Field Conference that explores some region of New Mexico (or surrounding states). Always well attended, these conferences provide a guidebook to participants. Besides detailed road logs, the guidebooks contain many well written, edited, and peer-reviewed geoscience papers. These books have set the national standard for geologic guidebooks and are an essential geologic reference for anyone working in or around New Mexico.
LiWGAN: A Light Method to Improve the Performance of Generative Adversarial Network

Generative adversarial networks (GANs) gained tremendous growth due to the potency and efficiency in producing realistic samples. This study proposes a light-weight GAN (LiWGAN) to learn non-image synthesis with minimum computational time for less power computing. Hence, the LiWGAN method enhanced a new skip-layer channel-wise excitation module (SLE) and a self-supervised discriminator design for non-synthesis performance using the facemask dataset. Facemask is one of the preventative strategies pioneered by the current COVID-19 pandemic. LiWGAN manipulates a non-image synthesis of facemasks that could be beneficial for some researchers to identify an individual using lower power devices, occlusion challenges for face recognition, and alleviate the accuracy challenges due to limited datasets. The study evaluates the performance of the processing time in terms of batch sizes and image resolutions using the facemask dataset. The Fréchet inception distance (FID) was also measured on the facemask images to evaluate the quality of the augmented image using LiWGAN. The findings for 3000 generated images showed a nearly similar FID score at 220.43 with significantly less processing time per iteration at 1.03s than StyleGAN at 219.97 FID score. One experiment was conducted using the CelebA dataset to compare with GL-GAN and DRAGAN, proving LiWGAN is appropriate for other datasets. The outcomes found LiWGAN performed better than GL-GAN and DRAGAN at 91.31 FID score with 3.50s processing time per iteration. Therefore, LiWGAN could aim to enhance the FID score to be near zero in the future with less processing time by using different datasets.
Achieving the Performance of All-Bank In-DRAM PIM With Standard Memory Interface: Memory-Computation Decoupling

Processing-in-Memory (PIM) has been actively studied to overcome the memory bottleneck by placing computing units near or in memory, especially for efficiently processing low locality data-intensive applications. We can categorize the in-DRAM PIMs depending on how many banks perform the PIM computation by one DRAM command: per-bank and all-bank. The per-bank PIM operates only one bank, delivering low performance but preserving the standard DRAM interface and servicing non-PIM requests during PIM execution. The all-bank PIM operates all banks, achieving high performance but accompanying design issues like thermal and power consumption. We introduce the memory-computation decoupling execution to achieve the ideal all-bank PIM performance while preserving the standard JEDEC DRAM interface, i.e., performing the per-bank execution, thus easily adapted to commercial platforms. We divide the PIM execution into two phases: memory and computation phases. At the memory phase, we read the bank-private operands from a bank and store them in PIM engines’ registers bank-by-bank. At the computation phase, we decouple the PIM engine from the memory array and broadcast a bank-shared operand using a standard read/write command to make all banks perform the computation simultaneously, thus reaching the computing throughput of the all-bank PIM. For extending the computation phase, i.e., maximizing all-bank execution opportunity, we introduce a compiler analysis and code generation technique to identify the bank-private and the bank-shared operands. We compared the performance of Level-2/3 BLAS, multi-batch LSTM-based Seq2Seq model, and BERT on our decoupled PIM with commercial computing platforms. In Level-3 BLAS, we achieved speedups of $75.8\times $ , $1.2\times $ , and $4.7\times $ compared to CPU, GPU, and the per-bank PIM and up to 91.4% of the ideal all-bank PIM performance. Furthermore, our decoupled PIM consumed less energy than GPU and the per-bank PIM by 72.0% and 78.4%, but 7.4%, a little more than the ideal all-bank PIM.
The Low-Redshift Lyα Forest in Cold Dark Matter Cosmologies

We study the physical origin of the low-redshift Lyα forest in hydrodynamic simulations of four cosmological models, all variants of the cold dark matter scenario. Our most important conclusions are insensitive to the cosmological model, but they depend on our assumption that the UV background declines at low redshift in concert with the declining population of quasar sources. We find that the expansion of the universe drives rapid evolution of dN/dz (the number of absorbers per unit redshift above a specified equivalent width threshold) at z≳1.7, but that at lower redshift the fading of the UV background counters the influence of expansion, leading to slow evolution of dN/dz. The draining of gas from low-density regions into collapsed structures has a mild but not negligible effect on the evolution of dN/dz, especially for high equivalent-width thresholds. At every redshift, weaker lines come primarily from moderate fluctuations of the diffuse, unshocked intergalactic medium (IGM) and stronger lines originate in shocked or radiatively cooled gas of higher overdensity. However, the neutral hydrogen column density associated with structures of fixed overdensity drops as the universe expands, so an absorber at z=0 is dynamically analogous to an absorber that has column density 10-50 times higher at z=2-3. In particular, the mildly overdense IGM fluctuations that dominate the Lyα forest opacity at z>2 produce optically thin lines at z<1, while the marginally saturated (NH I~1014.5 cm−2) lines at z<1 typically arise in gas that is overdense by a factor of 20-100. We find no clear distinction between lines arising in "galaxy halos" and lines arising in larger scale structures; however, galaxies tend to lie near the dense regions of the IGM that are responsible for strong Lyα lines. The simulations provide a unified physical picture that accounts for the most distinctive observed properties of the low-redshift Lyα forest: (1) a sharp transition in the evolution of dN/dz at z~1.7, (2) stronger evolution for absorbers of higher equivalent width, (3) a correlation of increasing Lyα equivalent width with decreasing galaxy impact parameter that extends to rp~500 h−1 kpc, and (4) a tendency for stronger lines to arise in close proximity to galaxies while weaker lines trace more diffuse large-scale structure.
O CASO GOOGLE SHOPPING: ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA ENTRE AS RECENTES DECISÕES PROFERIDAS NA EUROPA E NO BRASIL

O artigo analisa as divergências entre as decisões tomadas pelas autoridades de defesa da concorrência no Brasil e na Europa, sobre a mesma conduta praticada pela Google. O caso, que ficou conhecido como “Google Shopping”, investiga possíveis condutas anticompetitivas praticadas pela empresa em mercados de busca e comparação de preços. A análise dos casos e das diferentes decisões atingidas pelas autoridades permite extrair orientações sobre a política de defesa da concorrência em mercados digitais. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, de natureza aplicada, com uso do método indutivo, a qual contempla a hipótese de que a decisão da Autoridade Europeia pode servir de embasamento para futuros julgamentos envolvendo condutas anticoncorrenciais por plataformas em posição dominante no Brasil.
Numerical simulation of finite dimensional multibody nonsmooth mechanical systems

This paper focuses on the problems related to the numerical simulation of finite dimensional nonsmooth multibody mechanical systems. The rigid body dynamical case is examined here. This class of systems involves complementarity conditions and impact phenomena which make its study and numerical analysis a difficult problem that cannot be solved relying on known ODEs or DAEs integrators only. The main techniques, mathematical tools and existing algorithms are reviewed.
The Future of Smart Homes in the Philippines

: Technology continuously helps humans in their daily lives. From increasing productivity, savings in time and resources, and improvement of services, technology has been ingrained and entangled in human’s civilization to the point of no return where technology can no longer unlearned and untied to our everyday lives. The emergence of Internet of Things (IoT) underscored the fact that technological advancement can work positively in our lives. This study used data from a construction company in the Philippines that constructs houses and provides service in the installation of Smart Home Systems. The first list consists of the devices that are available for installment shall the homeowner wants to. This data will be used to gauge what are the IoT devices that are available for installation in the Philippines. The second list of data contains of smart home device that the company already installed in the premises of their clients. This will be used to determine which is the most common smart home device being installed in the Philippines. This shows that massive adoption may have begun in the Philippines with the boom of internet connectivity coupled with the increasing middle class who can afford such ‘necessary’ luxury. In conclusion, recommendations were provided in order for the country to bridge the gap between the present scenario of Smart Home System in the country and the desirable level of adoption of the technology to fully reap its benefits.
A Dual-Branch Series-Parallel Hybrid Buck DC-DC Converter With Flying Capacitor Voltage Auto-Balancing

This paper presents a dual-branch series-parallel hybrid buck converter with flying capacitor voltage auto-balancing and reduced output impedance. The proposed converter automatically and inherently balances the flying capacitor voltages as one-third of the input voltage. Besides, the proposed converter operates in four states per cycle rather than the conventional six states, leading to a feasible Type-III compensation of the analog pulse-width modulation (PWM) controller. Moreover, due to the multiple parallel current paths in the switched-capacitor network, the proposed converter reduces the output impedance, thus decreasing the conduction loss. Finally, validated in 65-nm CMOS, the proposed converter regulates a 0.55 V–1 V output voltage from a 3.6 V input voltage over a large output power of 0.45 W with 82% peak efficiency, and switching frequency up to 5 MHz. It also automatically sets the flying capacitor voltages at 1.2 V.
The critical CoHA of a self dual quiver with potential

In this paper we provide an explanation for the many beautiful infinite product formulas for generating functions of refined DT invariants for symmetric quivers with potential: they are characteristic functions of free supercommutative algebras. We prove this by first showing that, for a quiver with potential that satisfies a notion of self duality, introduced below, the critical cohomological Hall algebra is supercommutative, and admits a kind of localised coproduct, which is enough to guarantee freeness. The primitive graded pieces of the space of generators of the cohomological Hall algebra are a putative definition of the space of BPS states in String Theory, and we discuss the issue of their finite-dimensionality. We consider the conjecture that in the presence of the above-mentioned self duality these spaces are always finite-dimensional, and finish with some examples, in which, amongst other things, this conjecture can be seen to hold. Some of these examples use a cohomological dimensional reduction of the sort used by Behrend, Bryan and Szendr\H{o}i to calculate the motivic DT invariants of $\mathbb{C}^3$. We prove the required isomorphism holds in the appendix. The final example pulls together all of the technology in this paper to describe the link between critical CoHAs and character varieties: we build a free supercommutative critical CoHA out of the cohomology of untwisted character varieties, and present some evidence that the spaces of primitive generators in this case are given by the cohomology of their twisted counterparts. In a separate paper we discuss our other main example, which yields a new proof of the Kac conjecture.
Inhibitors to E-governance Adoption and Implementation and the Impact on the Performance of University of Abuja, Nigeria: An Empirical Investigation

The drive for this study stems from the growing concern for the inability of the University of Abuja to adopt and implement e-governance effectively. Consequently, the paper investigates the inhibitors to the adoption and effective implementation of e-governance in the University of Abuja and how to mitigate them. Primary and secondary data were collected for the study. The primary data were obtained from copies of the questionnaire distributed, while the secondary data constitute relevant literature which were extensively reviewed. Hypotheses were tested using Z-test and multiple regression. The findings reveal that poor funding, inadequate awareness of e-governance activities and its importance, resistance to change and lack of training and retraining of personnel are the factors affecting the effective implementation of e-governance in the University of Abuja. It was also discovered that these barriers have affected the performance of the university, with funding being the most significant barrier affecting performance followed by low awareness of e-governance activities. In view of the above findings, the study recommends that adequate attention should be given to the funding of ICT within the University, an awareness campaign on the importance of e-governance be carried out in the University, and only qualified ICT personnel be recruited into the ICT department and that the University should periodically audit how funds allocated for e-governance development are utilized. Keywords: Inhibitors, E-governance, Adoption, Implementation, Performance, Nigeria