Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genital Herpes in a Primary Care Clinic: Demographic and Sexual Correlates of Herpes Simplex Type 2 Infections

Background and Objectives: Genital herpes remains one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). The sexual behavioral correlates of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV‐2) infection in the general population have not been well characterized. Goals: To assess demographic and sexual behavioral correlates of symptomatic and subclinical HSV‐2 infection. Study Design: Cross‐sectional survey of 922 randomly chosen patients and 78 of their partners (1,000 total) in a family practice. Sexual behavior information was collected in 492 people. Results: Two hundred twenty‐five (23%) heterosexual people had HSV‐2 infection, but only 59 (26%) reported a history of genital herpes. HSV‐2 seroprevalence was 63% in African‐American women, 27% in white women, 40% in African‐American men, and 12% in white men. In multivariate analyses of risk factors for HSV‐2 infection among men, 10 or more sexual partners and a prior STD were statistically significantly associated with HSV‐2 infection. Among white women, number of sexual partners, a prior STD, marriage or cohabitation, and less than a college education were predictive of HSV‐2 infection. A history of oral sex was the only statistically significant predictor of HSV‐2 infection in African‐American women. Conclusions: Risk factors for HSV‐2 infection differ by gender and ethnic group. Traditionally recognized behavioral correlates of STD acquisition may not identify people in communities with high prevalence of HSV‐2 infection.
Redistributive Land Reform and Structural Change in Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan

&NA; Redistributive land reforms implemented in post‐WWII Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan have often been considered a substantial stimulus for these countries’ subsequent economic growth. Before the reforms, there were a small number of large landlords and many small tenant cultivators, but after the reforms, tenancy effectively disappeared. This article assesses the impact of reforms on structural change and income per capita, and shows that reforms were responsible for at least half of the actual reallocation of labor out of agriculture in each of these countries in the aftermath of the reforms. By contrast, their impact on income per capita was small.
International Tax Planning within the Structure of Corporate Entities Owned by the Shareholder‐Individuals Through Panama Papers Destinations

Motivation. The Panama Papers scandal highlighted the scale of financial secrecy, anonymous ownership and shell companies and their role in profit shifting and tax avoidance. We show the importance of international tax planning within the structure of corporate entities owned by shareholder&#8208;individuals through Panama Papers destinations. Purpose. To identify profit&#8208;shifting channels and to estimate related government revenue losses to European Union Member States. Methods. Using company data from the Amadeus/Orbis database (Bureau Van Dijk, n.d.a, n.d.b), we applied micro&#8208;data analysis to the financial statements of multinational companies (MNEs) owned by shareholder&#8208;individuals. Two groups&#8212;one with and the other without links to Panama Papers tax havens&#8212;alongside an analysis of profit&#8208;shifting indicators. Findings. Profit is generally shifted by moving operating revenues or costs, though the use of debt channels is also important. Also, groups linked to tax havens pay significantly less tax per unit of profit before tax, and require less operating revenue to achieve higher profits. Finally, related government revenue losses were assessed at EUR 8.67 billion. Policy implication. Our results are relevant to the European Commission&#8217;s Comprehensive Common Consolidated Corporate Tax Base (CCCCTB) as it aims to counter profit shifting out of the European Union (EU) into tax havens. Further, our research highlights the importance of setting up registries of ultimate beneficiary owners in EU Member States.
Why Did You Kill?: The Cambodian Genocide and the Dark Side of Face and Honor

Why did you kill? From the first day I arrived in Cambodia to conduct ethnographic research, I had wanted to pose this question to a Khmer Rouge who had executed people during the genocidal Democratic Kampuchea regime (April 1975 to January 1979)- When the Khmer Rouge—a radical group of Maoist-inspired Communist rebels—came to power after a bloody civil war in which 600,000 people died, they transformed Cambodian society into what some survivors now call “the prison without walls” (kuk et chonhcheang). The cities were evacuated; economic production and consumption were collectivized; books were confiscated and sometimes burned; Buddhism and other forms of religious worship were banned; freedom of speech, travel, residence, and occupational choice were dramatically curtailed; formal education largely disappeared; money, markets, and courts were abolished; and the family was subordinated to the Party Organization, Ângkar. Over one and a half million of Cambodia's eight million inhabitants perished from disease, over-work, starvation, and outright execution under this genocidal regime (Kiernan 1996).
Postpartum Cultural Practices Are Negatively Associated with Depressive Symptoms Among Chinese and Vietnamese Immigrant Mothers Married to Taiwanese Men

The objectives of researchers in this study were to examine acceptance and adherence to mainstream Taiwanese postpartum cultural practices and their association with postpartum depressive symptoms among Chinese and Vietnamese immigrant mothers married to Taiwanese men. While the postpartum cultural practices in China are similar to mainstream Taiwanese practices, those of Vietnam differ from Taiwanese practices. This cross-sectional survey was conducted in Taiwan from October 2007 through March 2008, and included190 immigrant mothers from China and Vietnam who had delivered a child within the past year. Immigrant mothers from China had higher levels of acceptance and adherence to mainstream Taiwanese postpartum cultural practices and a lower rate of postpartum depressive symptoms than immigrant mothers from Vietnam, but the association between adherence to “doing-the-month” practices and postpartum depressive symptoms did not vary significantly between Chinese and Vietnamese mothers. Adherence to these practices was negatively associated with postpartum depressive symptoms among immigrant mothers (OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.90–0.96) after adjustment for social support, duration between moving to Taiwan and delivery, and country of origin. Adherence to mainstream postpartum cultural practices was negatively associated with postpartum depressive symptoms for both Chinese and Vietnamese immigrant women married to Taiwanese men.
Virological, serological and epidemiological study of 255 consecutive cases of genital herpes in a sexually transmitted disease clinic of Paris (France): a prospective study

Some studies (mostly retrospective) have pointed to an increasing frequency (up to 60%) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in genital herpes (GH), but they were biased towards severe or atypical cases. We wished to evaluate the frequency of HSV-1 in patients attending our clinic for both first and recurrent episodes of GH. All patients (men and women) with genital lesions compatible with GH were included in a prospective study between May 1999 and April 2002. For all patients a standardized questionnaire, clinical examination, MRC5 culture (Dade Behring), polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-herpes consensus (Argène Biosoft) in case of negative culture and type-specific herpes serology HSV-1 and HSV-2 (Elisa Eurobio) were obtained. Predictive factors associated with HSV-1 and HSV-2 GH were studied by uni- and multivariable analyses. In all, 255 patients had a positive culture (n = 216) or PCR (n = 39). A total of 248 patients had typable herpes (148 men and 100 women). Median age was 33 (27–43); 20% had anal herpes; 48% had clinically recurrent lesions; 21% were HIV +; 20% of men were homosexual; 77% practised oral sex. In all, 36 were HSV-1 (14.5%): more in women, 25/100 (25%), than in men, 11/148 (7.5%) (odds ratio [OR]: 4 [1.8–9.1], P = 0.008). HSV-1 accounted for 23% of cases of first clinical episodes (women: 31.5%;men: 14.7%) (P = 0.02) and 6% of clinically recurrent episodes (women: 15%;men: 1.2%) (OR: 3.8 [1.6–9.1], P = 0.0033). Serological study was done in 239: primary infection was disclosed in 33 (HSV-1: 61%), HSV-2 non-primary first episode in 22 and recurrence in 184 (HSV-1: 8%). In all, 37% of recurrent episodes presented as a first clinical episode. HSV-1 was linked in men with homosexuality (P<0.01) and anilingus (P<0.01), in women with younger age (P<0.01), more sexual intercourses (P<0.0001) and more oral sex (P<0.001). Although HSV-1 is frequent in first clinical (23%) and primary (61%) episodes of GH, recurrent GH remains mostly due to HSV-2 (94%).
Outcomes of a Two-Tiered Multifaceted Elderly Suicide Prevention Program in a Hong Kong Chinese Community

Objectives 1) To compare the 2-year completed suicide and reattempt rates in a preintervention group of Hong Kong Chinese suicide attempters (aged 65 years and older) who received standard care and a postintervention group enrolled in a regional elderly suicide prevention program (ESPP) that adopts a two-tiered multifaceted care management model and 2) to examine the trend of suicide rates in older adults aged 65 years and older in the pre- and postintervention periods. Design The first part is an observational cohort study with baseline, follow-up, and outcome data being identified from a clinical electronic registry. The second part examines changes in suicide rates from official mortality statistics. Setting A government-funded suicide intervention program serving catchment population (852,796 people aged 65 years and older) in Hong Kong, China. Participants Suicide attempters (aged 65 years and older) presenting to old-age psychiatric service in the pre- and postintervention phases. Measurements 1) Two-year rates of completed suicide and suicide reattempt and 2) changes in population suicide rates in the pre- and postintervention periods. Results The 2-year completed suicide rate was 7.58% in the preintervention group (N = 66) and 1.99$% in the ESPP group (N = 351) χ2 = 6.192; p value: 0.028; df = 1). Reattempt rates were not different. At a population level, suicide rate dropped significantly only in women aged 85 years and older, relative to the preintervention period. Conclusions The ESPP was associated with a reduced rate of completed suicide in old-age suicide attempters and might have contributed to a fall of suicide rate in women aged 85 years and older.
Sexual behaviour of lesbians and bisexual women

Objectives: To provide data about the sexual histories of a large sample of lesbians and bisexual women, to inform those who provide health care or carry out research with women who may be sexually active with other women. Design: Cross sectional survey. Setting/subjects: 803 lesbians and bisexual women attending, as new patients, lesbian sexual health clinics, and 415 lesbians and bisexual women from a community sample. Main outcome measures: Self reported sexual history and sexual practice with both male and female partners. Results: 98% of the whole sample gave a history of sexual activity with women, 83% within the past year, with a median of one female partner in that year. 85% of the sample reported sexual activity with men; for most (70%) this was 4 or more years ago. First sexual experience tended to be with a man (median 18 years old), with first sexual experience with a woman a few years later (median 21 years). Oral sex, vaginal penetration with fingers, and mutual masturbation were the most commonly reported sexual practices between women. Vaginal penetration with penis or fingers and mutual masturbation were the most commonly reported sexual activities with men. Conclusions: These data from the largest UK survey of sexual behaviour between women to date demonstrate that lesbians and bisexual women may have varied sexual histories with both male and female partners. A non-judgmental manner and careful sexual history taking without making assumptions should help clinicians to avoid misunderstandings, and to offer appropriate sexual health advice to lesbians and bisexual women.
Serum IL-6 and IL-21 are associated with markers of B cell activation and structural progression in early rheumatoid arthritis: results from the ESPOIR cohort

Objective To identify a specific pattern of serum cytokines that correlates with the diagnosis, activity and severity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in patients with early RA as well as with the level of serum markers of B cell activation. Methods Serum interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL1-Ra), IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IL-21, monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), tumour necrosis factor α and interferon γ levels were measured in the (ESPOIR) Etude et Suivi des POlyarthrites Indifférenciées Récentes early arthritis cohort, which included patients with at least two swollen joints for >6 weeks and <6 months, and no previous corticosteroids or disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Serum cytokine levels were compared between patients who met the 1987 American College of Rheumatology criteria for RA (n=578) or had undifferentiated arthritis (UA, n=132) at the 1-year follow-up visit. Results Serum IL-6 and IL-21 were the only cytokines that discriminated RA from UA on univariate analysis. IL-6 level was associated with RA, whereas erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein were not. Higher proportions of rheumatoid factor and anticyclic citrullinated protein (CCP) positivity, levels of markers of B cell activation, and a higher frequency of rapid radiographic progression were observed in patients with RA with detectable IL-6 or IL-21. Multivariate analysis associated IL-6 and anti-CCP levels with radiographic erosions at enrolment with 1-year radiographic progression. Conclusion Serum IL-6 concentration is greater in RA than in UA. Increase in serum IL-6 and IL-21 levels is associated with markers of B cell activation, and IL-6 is associated with radiographic progression in patients with RA.
Who has more influence on Asian stock markets around the subprime mortgage crisis – the US or China?

This article employed the Momentum Threshold Autoregressive (M-TAR) model to investigate the changes in the asymmetric co-integration relationship between the US and China's stock markets and Asian stock markets of Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Japan, Korea and India around the subprime mortgage crisis. The main empirical findings demonstrated that with the application of traditional symmetric co-integration tests, the subprime mortgage crisis did not reinforce the co-movement trends between the US and China's markets and Asian markets. However, with the application of the M-TAR model for the threshold co-integration test, there was significant increase in these asymmetric co-integration relationships between them during the period of the subprime mortgage crisis, and our empirical results show evidence that the linkage between the US and China's stock markets is low, and investors can somewhat diversify risks by investing in the United States and China simultaneously.
Pulmonary embolus after coronary artery bypass surgery: A review of the literature

Pulmonary embolus (PE) after cardiac bypass surgery is an uncommon complication but carries with it high morbidity and mortality. The incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and PE after cardiac bypass varies depending on postoperative thromboprophylaxis, the presence of indwelling central venous catheters in the lower extremities, and early ambulation. The clinical diagnosis of DVT remains difficult and challenging. Pulmonary embolus is often the first occurring clinical event. The safety and effectiveness of preventative pharmacologic agents, such as subcutaneous unfraction‐ated or fractionated heparin or oral Coumadin, remain largely unknown. Heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia, generally associated with a high incidence of DVT and PE, occurs in approximately 3.8% of patients who have undergone cardiac surgery and are placed postoperatively on high‐dose intravenous unfractionated heparin. Sequential compression devices (SCD) have not been effective in reducing the incidence of DVT in an ambulating cardiac bypass patient when added to routine elastic graded compression stockings (GCS). Very large clinical trials are necessary to prove the effectiveness of pharmacologic or mechanical preventative measures in reducing the incidence of PE after cardiac surgery above the commonly used GCS, early ambulation, and aspirin. In a nonam‐bulating, higher‐risk cardiac bypass patient with slow recovery, a more aggressive prophylaxis regimen might be necessary for optimal prevention, although further data are needed to support this hypothesis.
The RssAB-FlhDC-ShlBA as a Dominant Pathogenesis Pathway in Serratia marcescens

The RssAB-FlhDC-ShlBA as a Dominant Pathogenesis Pathway in Serratia marcescens Chuan-Sheng Lin, Jim-Tong Horng, Chun-Hung Yang, Yu-Huan Tsai, Lin-Hui Su, Chia-Fong Wei, Chang-Chieh Chen, Shang-Chen Hsieh, Chia-Chen Lu, and Hsin-Chih Lai 1 Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hua 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333 Taiwan, Republic of China. 2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hua 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333 Taiwan, Republic of China. 3 Department of Clinical Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fuxing Street, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333 Taiwan, Republic of China. 4 Research Center for Pathogenic Bacteria, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hua 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333 Taiwan, Republic of China. * Corresponding author † Chuan-Sheng Lin and Jim-Tong Horng contributed equally to this work. CORRESPONDENCE Hsin-Chih Lai: Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang-Gung University, 259 Wen-Hua 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333 Taiwan, Republic of China. Phone: 886 3 2118800, ext. 3585. Fax: 886 3 2118700. E-mail: hclai@mail.cgu. edu.tw.
Pricing of Liquidity Risk in Emerging Markets: Evidence from Greater China

This paper used the liquidity adjusted capital asset pricing model of Acharya and Pedersen (2005) to examine the liquidity risk of stocks in two retail-based equity markets, China and Taiwan during the period of 1996-2008. We found that the proportion of liquidity risk overwhelms market risk, unlike the findings in US markets. As a pricing factor, the evidence indicated that systematic liquidity risk was more important than market risk in Taiwan. In China, crosssectional differences in individual firm liquidity explained differences in returns.
Dubbing of silences in Hayao Miyazaki’s Spirited Away: A comparison of Japanese and English language versions

This paper clarifies how silences in a particular Japanese animated film are dubbed in the US English version. As a representative sample of Japanese animated films, the author examines the silences in Hayao Miyazaki’s Oscar-winning animated fantasy Sen to Chihiro no Kamikakushi (Spirited Away), focusing on its acoustic modifications. First, silences in the Japanese and US English versions are identified using Adobe Audition® CS6. Next, silences in the two versions (acting as specific case studies) are compared with each other to examine the process involved in dubbing them. A quantitative comparison of the number of silences between the US English version and five other foreign-language versions (the versions released in Taiwan [Republic of China], France, South Korea, the Czech Republic, and Germany) is then carried out. In conclusion, the US English version of Spirited Away removes more silences than any other translated version by inserting fillers and by adding or amplifying sound effects. These findings indicate the importance of studying audiovisual translation (AVT) not only from the verbal perspective but also from the acoustic perspective.
Persistent but dysfunctional mucosal SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA and low lung IL-1β associate with COVID-19 fatal outcome: A cross-sectional analysis

The role of the mucosal pulmonary antibody response in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcome remains unclear. Here, we found that in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples from 48 patients with severe COVID-19-infected with the ancestral Wuhan virus, mucosal IgG and IgA specific for S1, receptor-binding domain (RBD), S2, and nucleocapsid protein (NP) emerged in BAL containing viruses early in infection and persist after virus elimination, with more IgA than IgG for all antigens tested. Furthermore, spike-IgA and spike-IgG immune complexes were detected in BAL, especially when the lung virus has been cleared. BAL IgG and IgA recognized the four main RBD variants. BAL neutralizing titers were higher early in COVID-19 when virus replicates in the lung than later in infection after viral clearance. Patients with fatal COVID-19, in contrast to survivors, developed higher levels of mucosal spike-specific IgA than IgG but lost neutralizing activities over time and had reduced IL-1β in the lung. Altogether, mucosal spike and NP-specific IgG and S1-specific IgA persisting after lung severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) clearance and low pulmonary IL-1β correlate with COVID-19 fatal outcome. Thus, mucosal SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies may have adverse functions in addition to protective neutralization. Highlights Mucosal pulmonary antibody response in COVID-19 outcome remains unclear. We show that in severe COVID-19 patients, mucosal pulmonary non-neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 IgA persit after viral clearance in the lung. Furthermore, low lung IL-1β correlate with fatal COVID-19. Altogether, mucosal IgA may exert harmful functions beside protective neutralization.
Venous access in haemophilic children: choice and management

Summary. Current haemophilia treatment in children is based on regular intravenous infusions of concentrates for prolonged periods, according to prophylaxis regimens or immune tolerance induction treatment, in cases of inhibitor development. Therefore, a stable and uncomplicated venous access is required and as such peripheral veins represent the preferred option. However, frequent infusions in the home setting can be problematic in very young children and for this reason, central venous access devices (CVADs) have been widely used to improve treatment feasibility. Unfortunately CVADs’ use is associated with a high rate of complications, and infections and thrombotic occlusion can influence treatment outcome by causing unwanted treatment interruption. CVADs can be grouped into three main categories: external non‐tunnelled, external tunnelled and fully implantable devices known as ports. The management of CVADs at home often represents a challenge because a strict adherence to sterile procedures is required. Indeed, the incidence of infections with ports is much lower than that reported for external devices; however, ports carry the inconvenience of needle sticks. More recently, arteriovenous fistula was shown to be a suitable alternative to CVADs because it is easy to use and is associated with a lower rate of complication.