Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A bibliography of cluster (group) tracking

Cluster Tracking (also called group tracking) is a key approach to greatly reducing the required data communication and processing loads that can result from the extreme amount of ambiguous data that might be generated by radar and IR sensors in the early post boost phase of a ballistic missile. Cluster tracking is especially appropriate in tracking a mixture of resolved and unresolved objects as a cluster and simplifies the processing for initiating individual tracks when many of the target measurements are resolved. This paper presents the bibliography that resulted from a literature search on cluster tracking using data from one or more sensors. Although the focus was on cluster tracking, the literature search also uncovered papers on formation tracking and track partitioning (track clustering) and those papers are included in the bibliography. The paper also includes an introduction that provides an overview of cluster tracking and the advantages of tracking clusters. This includes a discussion of the four major types of cluster tracking and the uses and distinction between cluster tracking, formation tracking, and track clusters (partitions).
Multi-objective cloud load-balancing with hybrid optimization

In this study, the cloud computing platform is equipped with a hybrid multi-objective meta-heuristic optimization-based load balancing model. Physical Machine (PM) allocates a specific virtual machine (VM) depending on multiple criteria, such as the amount of memory used, migration expenses, power usage, and the load balancing settings, upon receiving a request to handle a cloud user's duties (‘Response time, Turnaround time, and Server load’). Additionally, the optimal virtual machine (VM) is chosen for efficient load balancing by utilizing the recently proposed hybrid optimization approach. The Cat and Mouse-Based Optimizer (CMBO) and Standard Dingo Optimizer (DXO) are conceptually blended together to get the proposed hybridization method known as Dingo Customized Cat mouse Optimization (DCCO). The developed method achieves the lowest server load in cloud environment 1 is 33.3%, 40%, 42.3%, 40.2%, 36.8%, 42.5%, 50%, 40.2%, 39.2% improved over MOA, ABC, CSO, SSO, SSA, ACSO, SMO, CMBO, BOA, DOX, and FF-PSO, respectively. Finally, the projected DCCO model has been evaluated in terms of makespan, memory usage, migration cost, response time, usage of power server load, turnaround time, throughput, and convergence. ABBREVIATION: CDC, cloud data center; CMODLB, Clustering-based Multiple Objective Dynamic Load Balancing As A Load Balancing; CSP, Cloud service providers; CSSA, Chaotic Squirrel Search Algorithm; DA, Dragonfly Algorithm; ED, Euclidean Distance; EDA-GA, Estimation Of Distribution Algorithm And GA; FF, FireFly algorithm; GA, Genetic Algorithm; HHO, Harris Hawk Optimization; IaaS, Infrastructure-as-a-Service; MGWO, Modified Mean Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm; MMHHO, Mantaray modified multi-objective Harris Hawk optimization; MRFO, Manta Ray Forging Optimization; PaaS, Platform-as-a-Service; PM, Physical Machine; PSO, Particle Swarm Optimization; SaaS, Software-as-a-Service; SAW, Sample additive weighting; SLA-LB, Service Level Agreement-Based Load Balancing; TBTS, Threshold-Based Task Scheduling Algorithm; TS, Task Scheduling
Topographically induced north-south asymmetry of the meridional circulation in the Martian atmosphere

[1] A Martian atmospheric general circulation model is developed to investigate the effect of topographic elevation in the meridional circulation of the Martian atmosphere. It is confirmed that, even at equinoxes, the meridional circulation below ∼20 km altitude has an asymmetric pattern with respect to the equator. Sensitivity experiments reveal that the topographic elevation difference between the northern and southern hemispheres is the most dominant factor for producing such an asymmetric circulation. Contributions from variations of surface thermal inertia and surface albedo are weak compared with that of surface elevation. Thermal budget analyses show that the mean meridional circulation below ∼20 km altitude is driven by convective heating whose magnitude is controlled by the potential temperature of the surface mixed layer. Since the Martian atmosphere is optically and thermally thin, the potential temperature of the surface mixed layer is directly influenced by the geometric height of the surface. The elevated southern hemisphere induces the upward motion of the Martian Hadley circulation to be located in the southern hemisphere even at equinoxes when the surface temperature distribution is symmetric with respect to the equator. At southern summer solstice, when the potential temperature of the southern surface mixed layer is highest, the convective activity there becomes most active, and thus the Martian Hadley circulation becomes most intensive. This seasonal intensification of the convective activity and the Hadley circulation may account for the frequent occurrence of dust loading in the summer southern hemisphere.
Project Early Rise: Seismic probing of the upper mantle

National Center for Earthquake Research, U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California 94025 In Project Early Rise, thirty-eight 5-ton chemical explosions were fired in Lake Superior in July 1966. Twelve United States and Canadian governmental and academic research institutions participated in the program to record seismic waves generated by these shots along profiles radiating outward from the shot point nearly to the continental margins. Three long profiles extending west, northwest, and southwest from Lake Superior clearly reveal the presence of the ‘20° discontinuity. ’ Linear and quadratic curves, fitted to the travel-time data along individual profiles and combinations of profiles, reveal few regional variations in travel-times. Of the nine long profiles radiating from Lake Superior, travel times along only those profiles toward Utah and toward Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, deviate significantly from the average travel-time curve obtained by combining all Project Early Rise data. A least-squares-fitted quadratic curve for a combination of all Project Early Rise data was inverted by the Herglotz-Wiechert method to give P-wave velocity models for the upper mantle to a depth of about 525 km. The resulting average model (NCER 1) of P-wave velocity structure under the North American continent shows a rapid change in velocity gradient at a depth of about 480 km corresponding to the 20° discontinuity. Another model (NCER 4), based on similar analysis of average travel times for profiles toward Washington and the Yukon Territory, shows a sharp discontinuity in velocity gradient at a depth of 440 km. From the M discontinuity to a depth of 530 km, this model is essentially a smoothed version of the B. T. R. Lewis and R. P. Meyer (1968) model but with no first-order velocity discontinuities. Model NCER 1 is considered an average representation of upper mantle P-wave velocity for the North American continent, and model NCER 4 is regarded as a reliable average representation of the upper mantle P-wave velocity for the continental area west and northwest of Lake Superior. The rapid change in velocity at a depth of 400–500 km corresponds closely with the depth of the predicted olivine-spinel transition zone based on the experimental data of S. Akimoto and H. Fujisawa (1968). Evaluation of the differences between the various models suggests that the composition of the upper mantle olivine is about Fo85 Fa15. The temperature near the center of the transition zone is estimated to be in the range 1200° to 1500°C.
An image-based retrieval algorithm of aerosol characteristics and surface reflectance for satellite images

Abstract An image-based retrieval algorithm of aerosol characteristics and surface reflectance for satellite images is proposed. By assuming the Junge size distributed aerosol in the atmosphere and feeding back the new Junge parameter, not only the aerosol optical depth but also the Junge parameter, single-scattering albedo and phase function can be iteratively derived and converged from digital counts of dense dark vegetation in the green and red bands of SPOT satellite image. These retrieved aerosol characteristics are considered to be more physically related to the image itself than estimated. To prevent over-estimating aerosol optical depth, multiple scattering of path radiance for aerosol is taken into consideration. Although in lack of field measurement, the algorithm is evaluated and proved to be useful by simulation. Its sensitivities to assumed dense dark vegetation reflectances, log-normal size distribution, initial assumed power of Junge size distribution, refractive index and radius range are .
The Geography of Communications in Great Britain

THE GEOGRAPHY OF COMMUNICATIONS IN GREAT BRITAIN. By J. H. Appleton. London: Oxford University Press for the University of Hull, 1962. 8J z X 5J 2 inches; 251 pages; maps and plates. 305 This unpretentious, yet admirable, book should prove a most useful accession to every school library where there are pupils at all interested in railways, roads and canals, and it is full of interest for more senior students of geography and of transport, by reason of its clear exposition and apt illustration of the geographical context of systems of communication in Britain. The early chapters deal thoroughly with the ways in which different kinds of communication have been fitted on to the surface of various land forms. The author manifestly writes from a deep personal interest in his subject and draws upon a rich acquaintance with the topographic details of British routes. Clearly demonstrating the nature of the physical control upon routes, the author is careful to point to differering human responses to similar problems. Thus in the early years of railway construction different engineers accepted widely different limits of steepness. On Stephenson's lines gradients of more than about 1:300 were avoided, whereas other engineers readily adopted much steeper gradients. But physical conditions are not the whole story, and the economic or military raison aVitre is invoked in chapters that interpret the form taken by lines of communication in terms of their function, pattern in terms of purpose. The treatment of the evolution of British communications, if sketchy, is well informed and stimulating. Indeed, the whole book is distinguished by the freshness of its approach and the richness of its allusion to unhackneyed examples that are full of interest in themselves. A welcome feature is the attention given in two final chapters to modern developments, including airways, various sorts of pipelines and grid cable-lines, and to post-war plans for modernizing the waterways and rail? ways of the country and for road construction. There is a useful bibliography, with a helpful commentary. A. E. Smailes
Variations of Density and Porosity with Depth in Deep-sea Sediments

ABSTRACT Reduction of sediment porosity and increase in density under overburden pressure in the sea floor are important subjects in earth sciences. Data and samples from the Deep Sea Drilling Project allow a new look at these subjects, and are used to establish profiles of laboratory values of density and porosity versus depth in the sea floor. To construct in situ profiles, the results of consolidation tests are used to estimate the amount of elastic rebound (increase in volume) which has occurred after removal of the samples from overburden pressure in the boreholes. In situ profiles of porosity and density versus depth are constructed for some important sediment types: calcareous ooze, siliceous oozes (diatomaceous and radiolarian oozes), pelagic clay, and terrigenous sediments. There is l ss reduction of porosity with depth in the first 100 m in these deep-water sediments than previously supposed: 8 to 9% in pelagic clay, calcareous and terrigenous sediments, and only 4 to 5% in the siliceous sediments. From depths of 300 m the most rebound is in pelagic clay (about 7%), and the least in diatomaceous ooze (about 2%); calcareous ooze and terrigenous sediment should rebound from 300 m about 4 to 5%. Terrigenous sediment, from the surface to 1,000 m depth, probably rebounds a maximum of about 9%. Methods are described and illustrated to predict density and porosity gradients in the sea floor, and to compute the amounts of original sediments necessary to have been compressed to present thicknesses. Slightly over 2,000 m of original sediments would have been required for compr ssion to a present-day thickness of 1,000 m of terrigenous sediments.
Tensión arterial y masa corporal en mujeres infértiles con síndrome de ovario poliquístico y su relación con el perfil hormonal

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar perfil hormonal, índice de masa corporal y tensión arterial en 40 mujeres infértiles con ovario poliquístico. Métodos: En la consulta del Centro de Atención Integral de la Universidad de Los Andes se valoró talla, peso y tensión arterial. Durante la fase folicular del ciclo menstrual en ellas se midió en sangre las hormonas sexuales e insulina (basal y 2 horas poscarga glucosada) por electroquimioluminiscencia. Resultados: El índice de masa corporal se correlacionó directamente con el valor de tensión arterial sistólica, la relación LH/FSH y la testosterona sérica; e inversamente con las hormonas FSH y PRL. Los datos clínicos y de laboratorio se observaron dentro de los límites de referencia; sin embargo, la testosterona guardó relación directa con LH/FSH, índice de masa corporal y tensión arterial sistólica. Al compararse dos grupos de paciente con base al valor de la mediana poblacional, los grupos masa corporal > 24 kg/m2 y tensión arterial sistólica >120 mmHg mostraron niveles de DHEA-S e insulina (basal y 2 h) más elevados que en mujeres con índice de masa corporal y tensión arterial sistólica más bajos. Conclusiones: Existe correlación entre niveles séricos de andrógenos con sobrepeso e hipertensión arterial por mecanismos etiológicos interrelacionados. Síndrome de ovario poliquístico es de origen multicausal eventualmente con hiperandrogenemia. La falla metabólica debe controlarse en estas pacientes, lo que permitiría bajar el efecto de los andrógenos y favorecer el estado de fertilidad, pero sobre evita a largo plazo complicaciones como obesidad, diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e hipertensión arterial.
Reflection and transmission coefficients for seismic waves in ellipsoidally anisotropic media

The deficiency of an isotropic model of the earth in the explanation of observed traveltime phenomena has led to the mathematical investigation of elastic wave propagation in anisotropic media. A type of anisotropy dealt with in the literature (Potsma, 1955; Cerveny and Psencik, 1972; and Vlaar, 1968) is uniaxial anisotropy or transverse isotropy. A special case of transverse isotropy which assumes the wavefronts to be ellipsoids of revolution has been used by Cholet and Richard (1954) and Richards (1960) in accounting for the observed traveltimes at Berraine in the Sahara and in the foothills of Western Canada. The kinematics of this problem have been treated in a number of papers, the most notable being Gassmann (1964). However, to appreciate fully the effect of anisotropy, the dynamics of the problem must be explored. Assuming a model of the earth consisting of plane transversely isotropic layers with the axes of anisotropy perpendicular to the interfaces, a prime requisite for obtaining amplitude dist.
Atmospheric implications of the photolysis of the ozone-water weakly bound complex

The atmospheric rate of photolysis of the ozone-water weakly bound complex, O3·H2O, is evaluated. On the basis of this information, we discuss the potential role of this chemistry in the production of OH in the troposphere. While there are uncertainties inherent in the experimental database available for O3·H2O, the calculations show that photolysis of this complex is a potentially significant tropospheric OH source.
Structure of Wind-Driven Equatorial Currents in Homogeneous Oceans

Abstract The properties of wind-driven equatorial currents in homogeneous oceans are investigated for variable wind stresses and variable eddy viscosities. In the case of a uniform westward stress, the calculated cross-stream and depth variations of the undercurrent are found to be in qualitative agreement with observations for a suitable constant value of the eddy viscosity. When the stress has a cross-equatorial component, the undercurrent is displaced slightly upwind of the equator but preserves its boundary-layer character, including the vorticity discontinuity due to the juxtaposition of water particles with different histories. The currents produced by pure north-south wind stresses are in qualitative agreement with Indian Ocean observations in the southwest and northeast monsoon regimes. An eastward wind stress produces an inertial equatorial current rising to a maximum at the surface. The current becomes extremely strong for moderate viscosities and probably unstable. This may account for the abse.
Extracting vocal characteristics and calculating vocal synchrony using Praat and R: A tutorial

In clinical research, the dependence of the results on the methods used is frequently discussed. In research on nonverbal synchrony, human ratings or automated methods do not lead to congruent results. Even when automated methods are used, the choice of the method and parameter settings are important to obtain congruent results. However, these are often insufficiently reported and do not meet the standard of transparency and reproducibility. This tutorial is aimed at researchers who are not familiar with the software Praat and R and shows in detail how to extract acoustic features like fundamental frequency or speech rate from video or audio files in conversations. Furthermore, it is presented how vocal synchrony indices can be calculated from these characteristics to represent how well two interaction partners vocally adapt to each other. All used scripts as well as a minimal example, can be found on the Open Science Framework and Github.
Dynamics of alpine treelines: positive feedbacks and global, regional and local controls

Whilst it is clear that increasing temperatures from global environmental change will impact the positions of alpine treelines, it is likely that a range of regional and local scaled factors will mediate the overall impact of global scale climate drivers. We summarized 12 categories of abiotic and biotic factors as 4 groups determining treeline positions. First, there are global factors related to climate-induced growth limitation and carbon limitation. Second, there are seven regional and local factors related to treeline dynamics including frost stress, topography, water stress, snow, wind, fire and non-fire disturbance. Third, species-specific factors can control treeline dynamics through their influence on reproduction and life history traits. Fourth, there are positive feedbacks in structuring the dynamics of treelines. Globally, the commonly accepted growth limitation hypothesis is that growth at a treeline is limited by temperature. Meanwhile, positive feedbacks between canopy cover and tree establishment are likely to control the spatial pattern and temporal dynamics of many treelines. The presence of non-linear dynamics at treelines has implications for the use of treelines as barometers of climate change because the lagged responses and abrupt shifts inherent in non-equilibrium systems may combine to mask the overall climate trend.
Modelling and Estimation in Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Literature Review

Lithium-ion batteries are widely recognised as the leading technology for electrochemical energy storage. Their applications in the automotive industry and integration with renewable energy grids highlight their current significance and anticipate their substantial future impact. However, battery management systems, which are in charge of the monitoring and control of batteries, need to consider several states, like the state of charge and the state of health, which cannot be directly measured. To estimate these indicators, algorithms utilising mathematical models of the battery and basic measurements like voltage, current or temperature are employed. This review focuses on a comprehensive examination of various models, from complex but close to the physicochemical phenomena to computationally simpler but ignorant of the physics; the estimation problem and a formal basis for the development of algorithms; and algorithms used in Li-ion battery monitoring. The objective is to provide a practical guide that elucidates the different models and helps to navigate the different existing estimation techniques, simplifying the process for the development of new Li-ion battery applications.
Densidad, estructura social, actividad y manejo de guanacos silvestres (Lama guanicoe) en el sur del Neuquén, Argentina

Density, social structure, activity and management of wild guanacos (Lama guanicoe) in southern Neuquen Province, Argentina. Guanacos (Lama guanicoe) are the most abundant and widespread wild South American ungulate though both their abundance and range distribution have drastically decreased in the last century. In Patagonia, live-shearing of wild guanacos is being promoted by wildlife agencies as a complementary activity for sheep farmers that may help to conserve populations of guanacos. The lack of ecological studies of guanaco populations inhabiting private ranches hinders the evaluation of possible negative effects of live-shearing. Our objective was to estimate the density, social structure and activities on a free-ranging guanaco population within a livestock ranch and to assess the effect of a shearing event. We estimated population density and social structure, inside and outside of an area being managed and analysed individual behaviour, before and after shearing, between winter 2004 and summer 2005. Density was similar in both seasons and male group size decreased in spring. Family groups were the most
Bortezomib Is Effective in the Treatment of T Lymphoblastic Leukaemia by Inducing DNA Damage, WEE1 Downregulation, and Mitotic Catastrophe

T lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive haematolymphoid malignancy comprising 15% of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Although its prognosis has improved with intensive chemotherapy, the relapse/refractory disease still carries a dismal prognosis. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop novel therapy for T-ALL. Bortezomib, a 26S proteasome inhibitor, is licensed to treat plasma cell myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma. Due to its favorable side effect profile, it is a novel agent of research interest in the treatment of ALL. Despite an increasing number of clinical trials of bortezomib in T-ALL, its detailed mechanistic study in terms of DNA damage, cell cycle, and mitotic catastrophe remains elusive. Moreover, WEE1, a protein kinase overexpressed in ALL and involved in cell-cycle regulation, has been known to be a novel therapeutic target in many cancers. But the role of bortezomib in modulating WEE1 expression in ALL still remains elusive. In this study, we demonstrate the therapeutic efficacy of bortezomib on T-ALL primary samples and cell lines. Our findings reveal that bortezomib treatment induces DNA damage and downregulates WEE1, leading to G2-M cell-cycle progression with damaged DNA. This abnormal mitotic entry induced by bortezomib leads to mitotic catastrophe in T-ALL. In conclusion, our findings dissect the mechanism of action of bortezomib and provide further insights into the use of bortezomib to treat T-ALL. Our findings suggest the possibility of novel combination therapy using proteasome inhibitors together with DNA-damaging agents in the future, which may fill the research gaps and unmet clinical needs in treating ALL.