Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Renaissance of Magnetoelectric Multiferroics

Magnetoelectric multiferroics combine ferromagnetism (a spontaneous magnetization that can be switched by a magnetic field) and ferroelectricity (a spontaneous electric polarization that can be switched by an electric field) in the same phase. They have tremendous potential for applications, not only because they possess the properties of both parent phenomena, but also because coupling between ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity can lead to additional novel effects. In their Perspective, Spaldin and Fiebig discuss the factors behind the recent resurgence of interest in magnetoelectric multiferroics, describe some exciting results emerging from the current research activities, and point to important challenges and directions for future work.
Crossover from quantum to Boltzmann transport in graphene

We compare a fully quantum-mechanical numerical calculation of the conductivity of graphene to the semiclassical Boltzmann theory. Considering a disorder potential that is smooth on the scale of the lattice spacing, we find quantitative agreement between the two approaches away from the Dirac point. At the Dirac point the two theories are incompatible at weak disorder, although they may be compatible for strong disorder. Our numerical calculations provide a quantitative description of the full crossover between the quantum and semiclassical graphene transport regimes.
The high redshift Integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect

In this paper we rely on the quasar (QSO) catalog of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release Six (SDSS DR6) of about one million photometrically selected QSOs to compute the Integrated Sachs-Wolfe (ISW) effect at high redshift, aiming at constraining the behavior of the expansion rate and thus the behaviour of dark energy at those epochs. This unique sample significantly extends previous catalogs to higher redshifts while retaining high efficiency in the selection algorithm. We compute the auto-correlation function (ACF) of QSO number density from which we extract the bias and the stellar contamination. We then calculate the cross-correlation function (CCF) between QSO number density and Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) temperature fluctuations in different subsamples: at high z > 1.5 and low z 1.5. We focus on the capabilities of the ISW to constrain the behaviour of the dark energy component at high redshift both in the Λ CDM and Early Dark Energy cosmologies, when the dark energy is substantially unconstrained by observations. At present, the inclusion of the ISW data results in a poor improvement compared to the obtained constraints from other cosmological datasets. We study the capabilities of future high-redshift QSO survey and find that the ISW signal can improve the constraints on the most important cosmological parameters derived from Planck CMB data, including the high redshift dark energy abundance, by a factor ~ 1.5.
Adenosine Receptor Antagonists: Structures and Potential Therapeutic Applications

Adenosine Receptors (AR) are widely distributed in the human body. Four distinct AR subtypes, designated A1, A2a, A2b, and A3, have been identified on a pharmacological basis (affinity profile of agonists and antagonists; second messenger systems) as well as on a molecular level (cloning from various species, including humans). The current article focusses on recent advances in the development of subtype-selective AR antagonists, structure-activity relationships (SAR) of xanthine and non-xanthine A! -, A2a-, A2b- and A3-AR antagonists, and their in-vivo actions. Special attention is given to the cardiovascular effects mediated by AR agonists and antagonists. Potential therapeutic applications for AR ligands, particularly antagonists, in the cardiovascular area and other fields (e.g. CNS, kidney) are discussed.
Indirect measurement of sin2θw (MW) using e+e- pairs in the Z-boson region with p̄p collisions at a center-of-momentum energy of 1.96 TeV

Drell-Yan lepton pairs are produced in the process pp¯→e+e−+X through an intermediate γ∗/Z boson. The lepton angular distributions are used to provide information on the electroweak-mixing parameter sin2θW via its observable effective-leptonic sin2θW, or sin2θlepteff. A new method to infer sin2θW, or equivalently, the W-boson mass M_W in the on-shell scheme, is developed and tested using a previous CDF Run II measurement of angular distributions from electron pairs in a sample corresponding to 2.1 fb-1 of integrated luminosity from pp¯ collisions at a center-of-momentum energy of 1.96 TeV. The value of sin2θlepteff is found to be 0.2328 +- 0.0010. Within a specified context of the standard model, this results in sin2θW = 0.2246 +- 0.0009 which corresponds to a W-boson mass of 80.297 +- 0.048 GeV/c^2, in agreement with previous determinations in electron-position collisions and at the Tevatron collider.
Several Problems in Extremal Combinatorics

Author(s): Gan, Wenying | Advisor(s): Sudakov, Benjamin | Abstract: Extremal combinatorics is one of the central branches of discrete mathematics. It focuses on determining or estimating the optimal possible size of a discrete structure(e.g. set systems, graphs) with certain properties. One beauty of problems in this field is that is the statements are always easy to understand, while the approaches to solve are difficult and intriguing. The other beauty is the connection with other areas like analysis, number theory, probability and computer science, namely many extremal combinatorics problems have application to these fields and the tools researchers developed in recent decades rely on these fields as well. That is why this branch of mathematics has undergone a period of a spectacular growth in the past half a century and many interesting open problems arose from it. In this dissertation, we discuss several problems in this field. These problems are chosen among the author's work in order to represent various aspect of this area. In Chapter $2$, we study an extremal problem on set systems and partially solve an almost $50$ years old problem of Erd\H{o}s-Katona-Kleitman. In Chapter $3$, we focus on saturated bipartite graphs and prove a conjecture of Moshkovitz and Shapira up to a constant. In Chapter $4$, we study an extremal problem on graphs and verify a conjecture of Engbers and Galvin. In Chapter $5$, we provide some partial results for the generalization of the conjecture in Chapter $4$. All these researches were carried under the supervision of Benny Sudakov.
Connecting neutron star observations to the high density equation of state of a quasiparticle model

The observation of $1.97\pm0.04$ solar-mass neutron-like star gives constraint on the equation of state (EOS) of cold, condensed matter. In this paper, the EOS for both pure quark star and hybrid star with a quark core described by quasi-particle model are considered. The parameters of quasi-particle model which affect the mass of both quark star and hybrid star can be constrained by the observation.
FERRAMENTAS DO GOOGLE COMO ALTERNATIVA PEDAGÓGICA PARA FACILITAR A APRENDIZAGEM EM GRUPO

Com a gama de informações que nos são disponibilizadas e em meio a fake news[1] é importante saber porquê, como e onde pesquisar. É crescente nas pesquisas científicas a produção colaborativa do conhecimento e a importância da troca de informações. Assim, a indagação que norteou este artigo foi: como a prática colaborativa entre estudantes e professores pode ser trabalhada por meio das ferramentas do Google Drive? Dessa forma, esta pesquisa teve como metodologia definida a pesquisa bibliográfica para cumprir com o objetivo de apresentar algumas ideias de autores sobre o tema e uma proposta de prática para aplicar na educação. Por fim, observou-se que é preciso pensar no contexto local para melhor uso das funções disponíveis no aplicativo. Que a avaliação possa ser processual em forma de feedbacks constantes. Praticar a sensibilidade com o outro para que a cooperação e o trabalho em equipe possam fluir.
Latest results on galactic sources obtained with the MAGIC telescope

The MAGIC telescope is the largest single-dish Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope (IACT) with the lowest energy threshold among the current generation of IACTs as low as 25 GeV. Therefore, the MAGIC telescope is a perfect instrument to study the galactic sources especially in the context of observations with the satellite observatories Fermi and AGILE. This paper will give an overview of the MAGIC results on the galactic sources including detailed observations of binary systems, supernova remnants and the first detection of the Crab pulsar above 25 GeV .
Spherical Fuzzy Information Aggregation Based on Aczel–Alsina Operations and Data Analysis for Supply Chain

Spherical fuzzy sets (SFSs) are often made up of membership, nonmembership, and hesitancy grades, and also have the advantage of accurately representing decision makers (DMs) preferences. This article proposes novel spherical fuzzy aggregation operators (AOs) based on Aczel–Alsina (AA) operations, which offer a lot of advantages when tackling real-world situations. We begin by introducing some new SFS operations, such as the Aczel–Alsina product, the Aczel–Alsina sum, the Aczel–Alsina exponent, and the Aczel–Alsina scalar multiplication. We developed many AOs namely, the “spherical fuzzy Aczel–Alsina weighted averaging (SFAAWA) operator,” “spherical fuzzy Aczel–Alsina ordered weighted averaging (SFAAOWA) operator,” “spherical fuzzy Aczel–Alsina hybrid averaging (SFAAHA) operator,” “spherical fuzzy Aczel–Alsina weighted geometric (SFAAWG) operator,” “spherical fuzzy Aczel–Alsina ordered weighted geometric (SFAAOWG) operator,” and “spherical fuzzy Aczel–Alsina hybrid geometric (SFAAHG) operator. ” Different attributes of these operators have been defined. The idempotency, boundary, monotonicity, and commutativity of suggested averaging and geometric operators are demonstrated. Then, based on these operators, we propose a novel approach for tackling the “multi-criteria decision-making” (MCDM) problems. We use a agriculture land selection scenario to demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed approach. The outcome confirms the new technique’s applicability and viability. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis and a comparison analysis between the existing approaches and the recommended technique have been provided.
Dynamics of genuine multipartite correlations in open quantum systems

We propose a measure for genuine multipartite correlations suited for the study of dynamics in open quantum systems. This measure is contextual in the sense that it depends on how information is read from the environment. It is used to study an interacting collective system of atoms undergoing phase transitions as external parameters are varied. We show that the steady state of the system can have a significant degree of genuine multipartite quantum and classical correlations and that the proposed measure can serve as a witness of critical behavior in quantum systems.
MAGNETIC FIELD STRUCTURES AND TURBULENT COMPONENTS IN THE STAR-FORMING MOLECULAR CLOUDS OMC-2 AND OMC-3

The SCUBA polarized 850 μm thermal emission data of the OMC-2 region in Orion A are added to and homogeneously reduced with data already available in the OMC-3 region. The data set shows that OMC-2 is a region generally less polarized than OMC-3. Where coincident, most of the 850 μm polarization pattern is similar to that measured in 350 μm polarization data. Only 850 μm polarimetry data have been obtained in and around MMS7, FIR1 and FIR2, and in the region south of FIR6. A realignment of the polarization vectors with the filament can be seen near FIR1 in the region south of OMC-3. An analysis shows that the energy injected by CO outflows and H2 jets associated with OMC-2 and OMC-3 does not appear to alter the polarization patterns at a scale of the 14″ resolution beam. A second-order structure function analysis of the polarization position angles shows that OMC-2 is a more turbulent region than OMC-3. OMC-3 appears to be a clear case of a magnetically dominated region with respect to the turbulence. However, for OMC-2 it is not clear that this is the case. A more in-depth analysis of five regions displayed along OMC-2/3 indicates a decrease of the mean polarization degree and an increase of the turbulent angular dispersion from north to south. A statistical analysis suggests the presence of two depolarization regimes in our maps: one regime including the effects of the cores, the other one excluding it.
LHC results for dark matter from ATLAS and CMS

The CMS and ATLAS collaborations searched for Dark Matter (DM) particles directly produced in pair. The searches are performed using the full LHC Run-I dataset recorded with the CMS and ATLAS detectors in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. Signatures considered include those yielding energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum as well as electroweak bosons and heavy flavour quarks plus missing transverse energy. No deviation from SM background expectation was found and exclusion limits on DM production cross section were set.
Some Visualization Studies on Turbulent Boundary Layers Using Multiwire Hydrogen Bubble Generation

Abstract : This report provides some new results obtained with two visualization methods that assist in describing essentially three dimensional phenomena: 1) With two wire certain structure; 2) Multiple colour illumination allows recognition of movements in a direction normal to the plane of the photograph from changes in colour. Some countings were made concerning the behaviour of low speed streaks as a function of y and the relation between streaks and some other structures. A new detection criterion for streaks in proposed. The distribution for the spanwise velocity of a streak was determined. It is shown that the detection criterion of Blackwelder and Kaplan essentially samples spanwise passages of streaks. A few results of multiple colour visualization are shown to establish unambiguously the vertical transport associated with streaks.
Optomechanical systems as single-photon routers

We demonstrate theoretically the possibility of using nano mechanical systems as single photon routers. We show how EIT in cavity optomechanical systems can be used to produce a switch for a probe field in a single photon Fock state using very low pumping powers of few microwatt. We present estimates of vacuum and thermal noise and show the optimal performance of the single photon switch is deteriorated by only few percent even at temperatures of the order of 20 mK.
Evidence for and obstructions to nonlinear partially massless gravity

Nonlinear partially massless (PM) gravity, if it exists, is a theory of massive gravity in which the graviton has four propagating degrees of freedom. In PM gravity, a scalar gauge symmetry removes one of the five modes of the massive graviton. This symmetry ties the value of the cosmological constant to the mass of the graviton, which in turn can be kept small in a technically natural way. Thus, PM gravity could offer a compelling solution to the old cosmological constant problem. In this work we look for such a theory among the known ghost-free massive gravity models with a de Sitter reference metric. We find that despite the existence of strong supporting evidence for the existence of a PM theory of gravity, technical obstructions arise which preclude its formulation using the standard massive gravity framework.
FLUORESCENCE STUDIES ON THE BLOOD PLASMA ALBUMIN INTERACTION WITH 4-HYDROXY-2-METHYLQUINOLINE

Blood plasma albumin (bovine serum albumin, BSA) interaction with a biologically active reagent 4-hydroxy-2-methylquinoline (4H2MQ) has been studied using fluorescence spectroscopy methods (steady state, synchronous, excitation/emission matrix, 3D spectra). With the addition of 4H2MQ, no changes in the spectral characteristics of BSA (fluorescence emission intensity and λmax position) are observed; only the symmetry of the BSA emission spectrum is changed and the full width at half maximum is decreased. The analysis of synchronous and 3D fluorescence spectra showed the existence of three emitting species in this system, which could be a result of changes in the fluorescence and photochemical properties of 4H2MQ.
Peculiarities of qubit initial-state preparation by nonselective measurements on an overcomplete basis

We consider the qubit initial state preparation due to the nonselective measurements on an overcomplete basis, when the number of outcomes N = 3. To be specific, we have chosen the dephasing model and applied the conditions for a post-measurement state to ensure a gradual coherence enhancement at the initial stage of the system evolution. It is shown that contrary to the von Neumann-Lüders projection scheme with N = 2, the most mixed post-measurement state of the qubit in the general case can depend on the bath temperature. This remarkable feature allows one to consider a “temperature controlled” initial purification of the open quantum system. We also consider some kinds of the repeated nonselective measurements from the viewpoint of an eventual system purification and analyze the important peculiarities of such schemes.
Conifold transitions in $M$-theory on Calabi-Yau fourfolds with background fluxes

We consider topology changing transitions for M-theory compactifications on Calabi– Yau fourfolds with background G-flux. The local geometry of the transition is generically a genus g curve of conifold singularities, which engineers a 3d gauge theory with four supercharges, near the intersection of Coulomb and Higgs branches. We identify a set of canonical, minimal flux quanta which solve the local quantization condition on G for a given geometry, including new solutions in which the flux is neither of horizontal nor vertical type. A local analysis of the flux superpotential shows that the potential has flat directions for a subset of these fluxes and the topologically different phases can be dynamically connected. For special geometries and background configurations, the local transitions extend to extremal transitions between global fourfold compactifications with flux. By a circle decompactification the M-theory analysis identifies consistent flux configurations in four-dimensional F-theory compactifications and flat directions in the deformation space of branes with bundles.
Phase relation between global temperature and atmospheric carbon dioxide

The primary ingredient of Anthropogenic Global Warming hypothesis is the assumption that atmospheric carbon dioxide variations are the cause for temperature variations. In this paper we discuss this assumption and analyze it on basis of bi-centenary measurements and using a relaxation model which causes phase shifts and delays. Note: This paper was (and is) submitted to various journals and received no scientific criticism whatsoever. It is being rejected principally on reasons of format or for having an alleged political agenda. Scientific comments can be sent to our contact addresses mentioned above.
Global Asymptotic Tracking for BLDCM Systems Based On Differentiable Deadzone Nonlinearity

In this paper, trajectory tracking control of the brushless DC motor system (BLDCMS) with deadzone nonlinearity is studies. A new continuously differentiable deadzone model is established to overcome the nondifferentiable property of traditional deadzone nonlinearity. First, the state space description of BLDCMS with deadzone nonlinearity is presented with the new deadzone model and it is transformed to a linear system by state feedback linearization technique. Then a nonlinear state feedback control algorithm is developed for the transformed linear system, which is proved can track globally asymptotically the smoothly desired trajectory. By the use of new deadzone model, backlash nonlinearity control problem can be changed into a general control problem which is not only to avoid the establishment of a complex multi-mass hybrid system or multi-models switch system, but also to expand the ideas of eliminating the influence of backlash nonlinearity.
Higher amyloid correlates to greater loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic

Background: Little is known about psychosocial characteristics, including loneliness, anxiety, and depression, present in preclinical Alzheimer disease (AD). The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the relationship between these psychosocial characteristics and amyloid accumulation in cognitively normal older adults with and without preclinical AD during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A global Clinical Dementia Rating® Scale score of 0 was required for enrollment. Cortical amyloid burden was measured using [11C] Pittsburgh compound B or [18F]-Florbetapir PET tracers. Centiloids were used to synchronize measures. Demographic characteristics and measures of loneliness, anxiety, and depression were collected via self-report. Spearman’s correlation was used to examine relationships between amyloid and psychosocial characteristics. Results: The 108 participants had a mean age of 75.0 and an average amyloid burden of 22.2. Higher amyloid accumulation was significantly associated with greater loneliness. Conclusions: Additional research is needed with a larger, more diverse sample to examine these psychosocial characteristics in preclinical AD.
VLT/near-infrared integral field spectrometer observations of molecular hydrogen lines in the knots of the planetary nebula NGC 7293 (the Helix Nebula)

Knots are commonly found in nearby planetary nebulae (PNe) and star-forming regions. Within PNe, knots are often found to be associated with the brightest parts of the nebulae and understanding the physics involved in knots may reveal the processes dominating in PNe. As one of the closest PNe, the Helix Nebula (NGC 7293) is an ideal target to study such small-scale (∼300 au) structures. We have obtained infrared integral spectroscopy of a comet-shaped knot in the Helix Nebula using the Spectrograph for INtegral Field Observations in the Near Infrared (SINFONI) on the Very Large Telescope at high spatial resolution (50-125 mas). With spatially resolved 2-μm spectra, we find that the H 2 rotational temperature within the cometary knots is uniform. The rotational-vibrational temperature of the cometary knot (situated in the innermost region of the nebula, 2.5 arcmin away from the central star) is 1800 K, higher than the temperature seen in the outer regions (5-6 arcmin from the central star) of the nebula (900 K), suggesting that the excitation temperature varies across the nebula. The obtained intensities are reasonably well fitted with 27 km s- 1 C-type shock model. This ambient gas velocity is slightly higher than the observed [He II] wind velocity of 13 km s -1 . The gas excitation can also be reproduced with a photon-dominant region (PDR) model, but this requires an order of magnitude higher ultraviolet radiation. Both models have limitations, highlighting the need for models that treat both hydrodynamical physics and the PDR.
Decoherence of quantum gates based on Aharonov-Anandan phases in a multistep scheme

We study quantum decoherence of single-qubit and two-qubit Aharonov-Anandan (AA) geometric phase gates realized in a multistep scheme. Each AA gate is also compared with the dynamical phase gate performing the same unitary transformation within the same time period and coupled with the same environment, which is modeled as harmonic oscillators. It is found that the fidelities and the entanglement protection of the AA phase gates are enhanced by the states being superpositions of different eigenstates of the environmental coupling, and the noncommutativity between the qubit interaction and the environmental coupling.