Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of driving characteristics of drivers with different car following styles

To solve the problem of single driving style was considered and unclear driving characteristics of different car-following styles in the existing intelligent car-following assistant system, this paper selected the car-following segments of drivers with different styles by natural driving trials, and 225 car-following segments were classified by K-means, which were divided into three categories: conservative, moderate and aggressive. Then, the THW (Time Headway), the opening of the accelerator pedal, TTC, the velocity of ego-vehicle and preceding vehicle were selected to analyze the driving characteristics of drivers under three different car-following styles. It is found that the velocity of conservative is less affected by the front vehicle, and the THW is distributed between 2-3s, also the opening of the accelerator pedal is basically kept below 40%, and the absolute value of TTC is large, so the collision risk is low; the velocity of aggressive is greatly affected by the front vehicle, and they are used to keeping a close following distance to follow the front vehicle, and their THW is distributed in 0.5-1.5s, also the absolute value of TTC is small, so the risk of car-following collision is high; The driver’s driving characteristics of the moderate lie between the two.
DNA Double Strand Break Repair and Its Control by Nucleosome Remodeling

DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) are repaired in eukaryotes by one of several cellular mechanisms. The decision-making process controlling DSB repair takes place at the step of DNA end resection, the nucleolytic processing of DNA ends, which generates single-stranded DNA overhangs. Dependent on the length of the overhang, a corresponding DSB repair mechanism is engaged. Interestingly, nucleosomes—the fundamental unit of chromatin—influence the activity of resection nucleases and nucleosome remodelers have emerged as key regulators of DSB repair. Nucleosome remodelers share a common enzymatic mechanism, but for global genome organization specific remodelers have been shown to exert distinct activities. Specifically, different remodelers have been found to slide and evict, position or edit nucleosomes. It is an open question whether the same remodelers exert the same function also in the context of DSBs. Here, we will review recent advances in our understanding of nucleosome remodelers at DSBs: to what extent nucleosome sliding, eviction, positioning and editing can be observed at DSBs and how these activities affect the DSB repair decision.
SIPA1 Enhances Aerobic Glycolysis Through HIF-2α Pathway to Promote Breast Cancer Metastasis

Increased dependence on aerobic glycolysis is characteristic of most cancer cells, whereas the mechanism underlying the promotion of aerobic glycolysis in metastatic breast cancer cells under ambient oxygen has not been well understood. Here, we demonstrated that aberrant expression of signal-induced proliferation-associated 1 (SIPA1) enhanced aerobic glycolysis and altered the main source of ATP production from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis in breast cancer cells. We revealed that SIPA1 promoted the transcription of EPAS1, which is known as the gene encoding hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α) and up-regulated the expression of multiple glycolysis-related genes to increase aerobic glycolysis. We also found that blocking aerobic glycolysis by either knocking down SIPA1 expression or oxamate treatment led to the suppression of tumor metastasis of breast cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, aberrant expression of SIPA1 resulted in the alteration of glucose metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis even at ambient oxygen levels, which might aggravate the malignancy of breast cancer cells. The present findings indicate a potential target for the development of therapeutics against breast cancers with dysregulated SIPA1 expression.
Finding Label Errors in Autonomous Vehicle Data With Learned Observation Assertions

ML is being deployed in complex, real-world scenarios where errors have impactful consequences. As such, thorough testing of the ML pipelines is critical. A key component in ML deployment pipelines is the curation of labeled training data, which is assumed to be ground truth. However, in our experience in a large autonomous vehicle development center, we have found that labels can have errors, which can lead to downstream safety risks in trained models. To address these issues, we propose a new abstraction, learned observation assertions , and implement it in a system, F IXY . F IXY leverages existing organizational resources, such as existing labeled datasets or trained ML models, to learn a probabilistic model for ﬁnding errors in labels. Given user-provided features and these existing resources, F IXY learns priors that specify likely and unlikely values (e.g., a speed of 30mph is likely but 300mph is unlikely). It then uses these priors to score labels for potential errors. We show F IXY can automatically rank potential errors in real datasets with up to 2 × higher precision compared to recent work on model assertions and standard techniques such as uncertainty sampling.
Management of Hypercholesterolemia Through Dietary ß-glucans–Insights From a Zebrafish Model

Consumption of lipid-rich foods can increase the blood cholesterol content. β-glucans have hypocholesterolemic effect. However, subtle changes in their molecular branching can influence bioactivity. Therefore, a comparative investigation of the cholesterol-lowering potential of two β-glucans with different branching patterns and a cholesterol-lowering drug, namely simvastatin was undertaken employing the zebrafish (Danio rerio) model of diet-induced hypercholesterolemia. Fish were allocated to 5 dietary treatments; a control group, a high cholesterol group, two β-glucan groups, and a simvastatin group. We investigated plasma total cholesterol, LDL and HDL cholesterol levels, histological changes in the tissues, and explored intestinal transcriptomic changes induced by the experimental diets. Dietary cholesterol likely caused the suppression of endogenous cholesterol biosynthesis, induced dysfunction of endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, and altered the histomorphology of the intestine. The two β-glucans and simvastatin significantly abated the rise in plasma cholesterol levels and restored the expression of specific genes to alleviate the endoplasmic reticulum-related effects induced by the dietary cholesterol. Furthermore, the distinct patterns of transcriptomic changes in the intestine elicited by the oat and microalga β-glucans impacted processes such as fatty acid metabolism, protein catabolic processes, and nuclear division. Oat and microalgal β-glucans also altered the pattern of lipid deposition in the liver. Our study provides insights into the effectiveness of different β-glucans to alleviate dysfunctions in lipid metabolism caused by dietary cholesterol.
Self-Expandable Metallic Stent Implantation Combined With Bronchial Artery Infusion Chemoembolization in the Treatment of Lung Cancer With Complete Atelectasis

Background Atelectasis is a common complication of lung cancer, and there are few reports about the treatment methods. This study retrospectively analyzed the safety and effectiveness of endotracheal metal stent implantation combined with arterial infusion chemoembolization in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer with complete atelectasis. Methods The clinical data of patients with non-small cell lung cancer and complete atelectasis treated by self-expandable metallic stent implantation combined with arterial infusion chemotherapy were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical efficacy was evaluated and postoperative adverse reactions were observed. Progression-free survival and overall survival were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method. Results In all, 42 endotracheal metallic stents were implanted in 42 patients under fluoroscopy. 5–7 days after stent implantation, CT showed that 24 patients (57.1%) had complete lung recruitment, and that 13 (31.0%) had partial lung recruitment. The technical success rate was 100%, and the clinical success rate was 88.1% (37/42). 5–7 days after stent implantation, bronchial artery infusion chemoembolization was performed in all patients. The median progression-free survival and overall survival were 6 months (95% CI: 2.04-9.66) and 10 months (95% CI: 7.22-12.79), respectively. Conclusion Self-expandable metallic stent implantation combined with arterial infusion chemoembolization may be an effective and safe strategy in the treatment of lung cancer with atelectasis clinically.
Effective Use of Water in Crop Plants in Dryland Agriculture: Implications of Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidative System

Under dryland conditions, annual and perennial food crops are exposed to dry spells, severely affecting crop productivity by limiting available soil moisture at critical and sensitive growth stages. Climate variability continues to be the primary cause of uncertainty, often making timing rather than quantity of precipitation the foremost concern. Therefore, mitigation and management of stress experienced by plants due to limited soil moisture are crucial for sustaining crop productivity under current and future harsher environments. Hence, the information generated so far through multiple investigations on mechanisms inducing drought tolerance in plants needs to be translated into tools and techniques for stress management. Scope to accomplish this exists in the inherent capacity of plants to manage stress at the cellular level through various mechanisms. One of the most extensively studied but not conclusive physiological phenomena is the balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and scavenging them through an antioxidative system (AOS), which determines a wide range of damage to the cell, organ, and the plant. In this context, this review aims to examine the possible roles of the ROS-AOS balance in enhancing the effective use of water (EUW) by crops under water-limited dryland conditions. We refer to EUW as biomass produced by plants with available water under soil moisture stress rather than per unit of water (WUE). We hypothesize that EUW can be enhanced by an appropriate balance between water-saving and growth promotion at the whole-plant level during stress and post-stress recovery periods. The ROS-AOS interactions play a crucial role in water-saving mechanisms and biomass accumulation, resulting from growth processes that include cell division, cell expansion, photosynthesis, and translocation of assimilates. Hence, appropriate strategies for manipulating these processes through genetic improvement and/or application of exogenous compounds can provide practical solutions for improving EUW through the optimized ROS-AOS balance under water-limited dryland conditions. This review deals with the role of ROS-AOS in two major EUW determining processes, namely water use and plant growth. It describes implications of the ROS level or content, ROS-producing, and ROS-scavenging enzymes based on plant water status, which ultimately affects photosynthetic efficiency and growth of plants.
Genes That Escape X Chromosome Inactivation Modulate Sex Differences in Valve Myofibroblasts

Background: Aortic valve stenosis is a sexually dimorphic disease, with women often presenting with sustained fibrosis and men with more extensive calcification. However, the intracellular molecular mechanisms that drive these clinically important sex differences remain underexplored. Methods: Hydrogel biomaterials were designed to recapitulate key aspects of the valve tissue microenvironment and to serve as a culture platform for sex-specific valvular interstitial cells (VICs; precursors to profibrotic myofibroblasts). The hydrogel culture system was used to interrogate intracellular pathways involved in sex-dependent VIC-to-myofibroblast activation and deactivation. RNA sequencing was used to define pathways involved in driving sex-dependent activation. Interventions with small molecule inhibitors and siRNA transfections were performed to provide mechanistic insight into sex-specific cellular responses to microenvironmental cues, including matrix stiffness and exogenously delivered biochemical factors. Results: In both healthy porcine and human aortic valves, female leaflets had higher baseline activation of the myofibroblast marker α-smooth muscle actin compared with male leaflets. When isolated and cultured, female porcine and human VICs had higher levels of basal α-smooth muscle actin stress fibers that further increased in response to the hydrogel matrix stiffness, both of which were higher than in male VICs. A transcriptomic analysis of male and female porcine VICs revealed Rho-associated protein kinase signaling as a potential driver of this sex-dependent myofibroblast activation. Furthermore, we found that genes that escape X-chromosome inactivation such as BMX and STS (encoding for Bmx nonreceptor tyrosine kinase and steroid sulfatase, respectively) partially regulate the elevated female myofibroblast activation through Rho-associated protein kinase signaling. This finding was confirmed by treating male and female VICs with endothelin-1 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, factors that are secreted by endothelial cells and known to drive myofibroblast activation through Rho-associated protein kinase signaling. Conclusions: Together, in vivo and in vitro results confirm sex dependencies in myofibroblast activation pathways and implicate genes that escape X-chromosome inactivation in regulating sex differences in myofibroblast activation and subsequent aortic valve stenosis progression. Our results underscore the importance of considering sex as a biological variable to understand the molecular mechanisms of aortic valve stenosis and to help guide sex-based precision therapies.
Snake Robot Gripper Module for Search and Rescue in Narrow Spaces

This letter presents a gripper module for a snake-like robot to perform search and rescue tasks in a narrow space. The proposed gripper module has three features: (1) It can accommodate the fingers inside its body. (2) It has three fingers that can grip objects with irregular surfaces stably. (3) One of the fingers is equipped with a camera on the fingertip to search in a narrow space. To implement the above features in a small, light, and compact gripper module, we propose a novel design of a gripper module with three fingers and eight degrees of freedom. The joint configuration of the proposed gripper is unique compared with a general-type gripper. A prototype of the proposed gripper module has been integrated into a snake-like robot to demonstrate its capability of performing rescue tasks in a collapsed environment. The three features of the proposed gripper module are experimentally verified: it is light (0.4 kg), small (less than 68 mm in diameter), and powerful (grasping force = 2.48kgf).
Long-Aged Parmigiano Reggiano PDO: Trace Element Determination Targeted to Health

The concentrations of four health-related trace elements were measured using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy in long-ripened (24- and 40-months) Parmigiano Reggiano (PR) PDO cheese, obtained from both summer and winter milk. To date, there are limited data on PR trace element concentrations, and no data about long-ripened cheese, especially when ripened for 40 months. Thus, the aim of this investigation is to determine chromium, manganese, selenium, and zinc concentrations, improving the available data on these trace elements and increasing knowledge of the biological properties of PR linked to their content in this cheese. The results show that 40-month ripened PR is a source of selenium and chromium, according to definitions under the European Regulation 1924/2006, as a 30 g cheese portion contains 11 ± 2 μg (summer milk) and 10 ± 1 μg (winter milk) of selenium and 8 ± 1 μg (summer and winter milk) of chromium, providing in excess of 8.25 and 6 μg per portion, respectively. This represents 15% of nutrient reference intake values for adults. These findings allow for the claim to be made that PR possesses the health properties ascribed to food sources of selenium and chromium according to European Regulation 432/2012.
Population genomics provides insights into lineage divergence and local adaptation within the cotton bollworm

The cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera is a cosmopolitan pest and its diverse habitats plausibly contribute to the formation of diverse lineages. Despite the significant threat it poses to economic crops worldwide, its evolutionary history and genetic basis of local adaptation are poorly understood. In this study, we de novo assembled a high‐quality chromosome‐level reference genome of H. a. armigera (contig N50 = 7.34 Mb), with 99.13% of the HaSCD2 assembly assigned to 31 chromosomes (Z‐chromosome + 30 autosomes). We constructed an ultradense variation map across 14 cotton bollworm populations and identified a novel lineage in northwestern China. Historical inference showed that effective population size changes coincided with global temperature fluctuation. We identified nine differentiated genes in the three H. armigera lineages (H. a. armigera, H. a. conferta and the new northwestern Chinese lineage), of which per and clk genes are involved in circadian rhythm. Selective sweep analyses identified a series of Gene Ontology categories related to climate adaptation, feeding behaviour and insecticide tolerance. Our findings reveal fundamental knowledge of the local adaptation of different cotton bollworm lineages and will guide the formulation of cotton bollworm management measures at different scales.
Editorial: Theoretical Approaches to Community Ecology

Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos (CIBIO), InBIO Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos (CIBIO), InBIO Laboratório Associado, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal, 3 BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos (CIBIO), Vairão, Portugal, 4 cE3c—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Universidade dos Açores, Angra Do Heroísmo, Portugal, 5 BET-EcoLab, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
Market and Accounting Measures of Risk: The Case of the Frankfurt Stock Exchange

The main purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between market and accounting measures of risk and the profitability of companies listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange. An important aspect of the study was to employ accounting beta coefficients as a systematic risk measure. The research considered classical and downside risk measures. The profitability of a company was expressed as ROA and ROE. When determining the downside risk, two approaches were employed: the approach by Bawa and Lindenberg and the approach by Harlow and Rao. In all the analyzed companies, there is a positive and statistically significant correlation between the average value of profitability ratios and the market rate of return on investment in their stocks. Additionally, correlation coefficients are higher for the companies included in the DAX index compared with those from the MDAX or SDAX indices. A positive and in each case a statistically significant correlation was observed for all DAX-indexed companies between all types of market betas and corresponding accounting betas. Likewise, for the MDAX-indexed companies, these correlations were positive but statistical significance emerged only for accounting betas calculated on ROA. As regards the DAX index, not every correlation was positive and significant.
Compact 60 GHz low-temperature cofired ceramic filter with quasi-elliptic bandpass response

This study presents a 60 GHz quasi-elliptic bandpass filter with a compact and planar structure. The proposed filter was constructed by stacking substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavities on the central transverse plane of a shielding SIW cavity. Jerusalem cross (JC) apertures and circular apertures were etched on the metal layers of the stacked SIW cavities to enable dual-mode operation and energy coupling. In the dual-mode cavities, the TM110 cavity mode and JC aperture mode can be excited simultaneously. Cross-mutual couplings exist among the resonant modes, resulting in two finite transmission zeros with each at either side of the passband. Multilayer low-temperature cofired ceramic technology was adopted to manufacture the experimental filter. The measured centre frequency was 60 GHz at a fractional bandwidth of 4.5% with two finite transmission zeros located at 53.7 and 65 GHz, thereby achieving high-frequency selectivity.
Feature extraction of powdery mildew levels in cucurbits leaves using wavelet-based and Fourier transforms

One of the techniques for plant diseases diagnosis is the analysis of the spectral signatures in the vegetation. Among spectral analysis, there are methods for feature extraction to find out an early detection considering a significant number of samples of leaves in different growing stages considering healthy leaves, leaves in germination stage of the fungus, the first symptoms and diseased leaves identified in a previous work. In this study, with multiple comparisons and statistical tests, the discrete wavelet and Fourier transforms are employed for the feature extraction of the spectral data. A total of 13 features based on wavelet and 17 features on Fourier transform have significant differences between powdery mildew levels. The decomposition of the spectral signatures by wavelet-based and frequency domain coefficients as features shows a promising base by the classification for plant disease detection in cucurbits plants.
The expression and function of glutamate aspartate transporters in Bergmann glia are decreased in neuronal nitric oxide synthase‐knockout mice during postnatal development

Bergmann glia (BG) predominantly use glutamate/aspartate transporters (GLAST) for glutamate uptake in the cerebellum. Recently, nitric oxide (NO) treatment has been shown to upregulate GLAST function and increase glutamate uptake in vitro. We previously discovered that neuronal nitric oxide synthase knockout (nNOS−/−) mice displayed structural and functional neuronal abnormalities in the cerebellum during development, in addition to previously reported motor deficits. Although these developmental deficits have been identified in the nNOS−/− cerebellum, it is unknown whether BG morphology and GLAST expression are also affected in the absence of nNOS in vivo. This study is the first to characterize BG morphology and GLAST expression during development in nNOS−/− mice using immunohistochemistry and western blotting across postnatal development. Results showed that BG in nNOS−/− mice exhibited abnormal morphology and decreased GLAST expression compared with wildtype (WT) mice across postnatal development. Treating ex vivo WT cerebellar slices with the NOS inhibitor L‐NAME decreased GLAST expression while treating nNOS−/− slices with the slow‐release NO‐donor NOC‐18 increased GLAST expression when compared with their respective controls. In addition, treating primary BG isolated from WT mice with the selective nNOS inhibitor 7N decreased the membrane expression of GLAST and influx of Ca2+/Na+, while treating nNOS−/− BG with SNAP increased the membrane expression of GLAST and Ca2+/Na+ influx. Moreover, the effects of SNAP on GLAST expression and Ca2+/Na+ influx in nNOS−/− BG were significantly reduced by a PKG inhibitor. Together, these results reveal a novel role for nNOS/NO signaling in BG development, regulated by a PKG‐mediated mechanism.