Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Population genomics of an emergent tri-species hybrid zone

Isolating barriers that drive speciation are commonly studied in the context of two-species hybrid zones. There is however evidence that more complex introgressive relationships are common in nature. Here, we use field observations and genomic analysis, including the sequencing and assembly of a novel reference genome, to study an emergent hybrid zone involving two colliding hybrid zones of three woodpecker species: Red-breasted, Red-naped, and Yellow-bellied Sapsuckers (Sphyrapicus ruber, S. nuchalis, and S. varius). Surveys of the area surrounding Prince George, British Columbia, Canada, show that all three species are sympatric, and Genotyping-by-Sequencing identifies hybrids from each species pair and birds with ancestry from all three species. Observations of mate pair phenotypes and genotypes provide evidence for assortative mating, though there is some heterospecific pairing. Hybridization is more extensive in this tri-species hybrid zone than in two di-species hybrid zones. However, there is no evidence of a hybrid swarm and admixture is constrained to contact zones, so we classify this region as a tension zone and invoke selection against hybrids as a likely mechanism maintaining species boundaries. Analysis of sapsucker age classes does not show disadvantages in hybrid survival to adulthood, so we speculate the selection upholding the tension zone may involve hybrid fecundity. Gene flow among all sapsuckers in di-species hybrid zones suggests introgression likely occurred before the formation of this tri-species hybrid zone, and might result from bridge hybridization, vagrancies, or other three-species interactions.
Feasibility of 3T layer-dependent fMRI with GE-BOLD using NORDIC and phase regression

Introduction Functional MRI with spatial resolution in the submillimeter domain enables measurements of activation across cortical layers in humans. This is valuable as different types of cortical computations, e.g., feedforward versus feedback related activity, take place in different cortical layers. Layer-dependent fMRI (L-fMRI) studies have almost exclusively employed 7T scanners to overcome the reduced signal stability associated with small voxels. However, such systems are relatively rare and only a subset of those are clinically approved. In the present study, we examined the feasibility of L-fMRI at 3T using NORDIC denoising. Methods 5 healthy subjects were scanned on a Siemens MAGNETOM Prisma 3T scanner. To assess across-session reliability, each subject was scanned in 3-8 sessions on 3-4 consecutive days. A 3D gradient echo EPI (GE-EPI) sequence was used for BOLD acquisitions (voxel size 0.82 mm isotopic, TR = 2.2 s) using a block designed finger tapping paradigm. NORDIC denoising was applied to the magnitude and phase time series to overcome limitations in tSNR and the denoised phase time series were subsequently used to correct for large vein contamination through phase regression. Results and conclusion NORDIC denoising resulted in temporal signal-to-noise ratio (tSNR) values comparable to or higher than commonly observed at 7T. Layer-dependent activation profiles could thus be extracted robustly, within and across sessions, from regions of interest located in the hand knob of the primary motor cortex (M1). Phase regression led to substantially reduced superficial bias in obtained layer profiles, although residual macrovascular contribution remained. We believe the present results support the feasibility of L-fMRI at 3T, which might help make L-fMRI available to a much wider community.
An Accelerometer Based Heart Monitor to Measure Changes of the Autonomic Nervous System

The electrocardiogram (ECG) and impedance cardiography (ICG) are typically combined to estimate electromechanical features such as the pre-ejection period (PEP) and left ventricular ejection time (LVET); indicators of changes in the cardiac specific drive of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Current methods of ICG are time intensive in subject preparation and the measurements are vulnerable to non-reproducible subject-specific electrode configuration. Furthermore, analysis of impedance waveforms can be time consuming and labeling of key time points can suffer from experimenter bias. Here we present a wearable heart monitor that includes ECG, but replaces the commonly used 8 ICG electrodes with a single accelerometer (ACC) placed at the suprasternal notch. The ACC indirectly measures movement of the arterial pulse wave as blood is ejected into the aorta and great vessels. The resulting ACC waveform is processed into two smooth and readily identified waves, corresponding to the timing of the opening and closing of the aortic valve. We tested the ACC’s utility and reliability for tracking cardiac ANS tone by comparing PEP and LVET measurements obtained simultaneously with conventional ICG and the ACC. Participants were recorded in the sitting and supine position with ECG, ICG, and ACC. While seated, they engaged in a classic physical stress task known to modulate ANS activity. There were obvious and significant associations between ICG and ACC estimates of PEP and LVET derivatives with respect to time. These findings support ACC as a complementary method for tracking ANS that is robust, time efficient, and readily accessible to researchers.
An integrated approach to evaluate the functional effects of disease-associated NMDA receptor variants

The NMDA receptor (NMDAR) is a ubiquitously expressed glutamate-gated ion channel that plays key roles in brain development and function. Not surprisingly, a variety of disease-associated variants have been identified in genes encoding NMDAR subunits. A critical first step to assess whether these variants contribute to their associated disorder is to characterize their effect on receptor function. However, the complexity of NMDAR function makes this challenging, with most variants typically altering multiple functional properties. At synapses, NMDARs encode presynaptic activity to carry a charge transfer that alters membrane excitability and a Ca2+ influx that has both short- and long-term signaling actions. Here, we characterized epilepsy-associated variants in GluN1 and GluN2A subunits with various phenotypic severity. To capture the dynamics of NMDAR encoding, we applied 10 glutamate pulses at 10 Hz to derive a charge integral. This encoding assay is advantageous since it incorporates multiple gating parameters – activation, deactivation, and desensitization – into a single value. We then integrated this encoding with Mg2+ block and Ca2+ influx using fractional Ca2+ currents to generate indices of charge transfer and Ca2+ transfer over wide voltage ranges. This approach yields consolidated parameters that can be used as a reference to normalize allosteric modulation and has the potential to speed up future bench to bedside methods of investigating variants to determine patient treatment.
The neuroeconomics of individual differences in saccadic decisions

Active exploration of the visual environment requires choosing the next gaze target, which has been characterized as depending on attentional biases and on oculomotor biases. However, disentangling these two factors has provided contradictory results. Here, we conceptualize active gaze selection as a decision-making process in the context of neuroeconomics, allowing us to employ a new saccadic preference elicitation experiment and to quantify behavioral biases with a random utility model. Subjects showed similar preferences for shorter amplitude saccades in line with previous research and shared a preference for saccades back towards the previous gaze location, contrary to numerous reports on spatial “inhibition of return”. Surprisingly, the experiment revealed marked individual differences in the preferences for global gaze directions, which were stable across most participants after one week. Thus, this study provides the first measurement of intrinsic saccadic utilities independently of spatial image properties and quantitatively dissociates stable individual differences in global gaze selection.
Research on Baseline-free Damage Imaging Method Employing Omni-directional S0 Mode Magnetostrictive Transducers

： Lamb waves can achieve defect detection and monitoring with large scale and high efficiency in plate-like structures because of its advantages including long propagation ability and low attenuation. Thus, Lamb wave technology has immense application potential in nondestructive testing and structural health monitoring. Aiming at consistently exciting single Lamb wave, S 0 mode, in circumferential direction and improving imaging ability for the wide range health monitoring of plate-like structure, an omni-directional S 0 mode magnetostrictive transducer is developed on basis of magnetostrictive effect and it consists of a coil on PCB, a cylindrical magnet and a circular nickel patch. The experimental results firstly verify that this type of transducer can effectively produce the pure S 0 mode in an aluminum plate. Then, the frequency response characteristics and omni-directivity of this developed transducer are tested. The results demonstrate that developed transducer has a center frequency of 365kHz and high omnidirectional consistency. Furthermore, a distributed sparse transducers array is built by using developed omni-directional S 0 mode magnetostrictive transducers. An aluminum plate is detected in pulse-echo mode by using this transducer array. The combination of discrete arc imaging and data fusion algorithm is used to deal with multiple sets of data, which eliminates the dependence upon the signals in health condition compared with the conventional sparse transducers array imaging algorithms. The location and imaging of the defect could be well achieved without the need of reference signals in health condition.
The Bayes Factor vs . P-Value

The use of p-value for hypothesis testing has always been the norm in the tourism literature. The aim of this paper is to highlight some of the “misconceptions” of p-value and illustrate its performance using some simulated experiments. Importantly, the paper proposes the use of the Bayes factor as an attractive alternative for hypothesis testing in the tourism literature. As the Bayes factor is based on the Bayesian approach, which relies solely on the observed sample to provide direct and exact probability statements about the parameters of interest, it is more suited for the purpose of hypothesis testing. Importantly, in this paper we show that the Bayes factor is more objective and has nicer properties than the p-value, a fact that should be of interest irrespective of whether the user is Bayesian or not. We discuss in more details the concept of Bayes factor, and propose other related strategies aiming to improve the process of hypothesis testing in the tourism literature.
Influence of Extracellular Na+ Removal on Cytosolic Ca2+ Concentration in Smooth Muscle Cells of Rabbit Cerebral Artery

There are some controversies over the contribution of Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) to the regulation of cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c) in smooth muscle . To prove the functional role of Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, we examined whether the removal of extracelluar Na+ could affect [Ca2+]c of rabbit cerebral arterial smooth muscle . The fluorescence ratio of fura-2 (R340/380) was measured in the single myocyte of rabbit middle cerebral artery and Na+ was substituted with the same concentration of NMDG+ or Li+. In 21 out of 230 cells tested, Na+-removal increased R340/380 (ΔR340/380) by 115±16.5% of the ΔR340/380 induced by 10 mM caffeine in the same cell. The Na+ removal-induced ΔR340/380 was blocked by a selective inhibitor of cardiac type NCX exchanger (KB-R7943, (2-[2-[4-(4-nitrobenzyloxy) phenyl]ethyl]isothiourea,10μM). In those cells where the Na+-removal by itself did not increase R340/380, the caffeine-induced ΔR340/380 was increased by Na+-removal (130±9.8% of control response, n=30). Under the whole-cell patch clamp condition, short application of caffeine induced transient increase of outward current (Ik,Ca-transient) which reflect the change of subsarcolemmal [Ca2+]. The application of KB-R7943 increased the amplitude of Ik,Ca-transient (n=4). These results suggest the functional existence of NCX in rabbit cerebral artery smooth muscle.
A Bioelectronic Platform Modulates pH in Biologically Relevant Conditions

Bioelectronic devices that modulate pH can affect critical biological processes including enzymatic activity, oxidative phosphorylation, and neuronal excitability. A major challenge in controlling pH is the high buffering capacity of many biological media. To overcome this challenge, devices need to be able to store and deliver a large number of protons on demand. Here, a bioelectronic modulator that controls pH using palladium nanoparticles contacts with high surface area as a proton storage medium is developed. Reversible electronically triggered acidosis (low pH) and alkalosis (high pH) in physiologically relevant buffer conditions are achieved. As a proof of principle, this new platform is used to control the degradation and fluorescence of acid sensitive polymeric microparticles loaded with a pH sensitive fluorescent dye.
Contracting exceptional divisors by the Kähler–Ricci flow II

We investigate the case of the Kähler–Ricci flow blowing down disjoint exceptional divisors with normal bundle 𝒪(−k) to orbifold points. We prove smooth convergence outside the exceptional divisors and global Gromov–Hausdorff convergence. Moreover, we prove a conjecture of the authors by establishing the result that the Gromov–Hausdorff limit coincides with the metric completion of the limiting metric under the flow. This improves and extends the previous work of the authors. We apply this to ℙ1‐bundles which are higher‐dimensional analogues of the Hirzebruch surfaces. We also consider the case of a minimal surface of general type with only distinct irreducible (−2)‐curves and show that solutions to the normalized Kähler–Ricci flow converge in the Gromov–Hausdorff sense to a Kähler–Einstein orbifold.
2nd International Conference on Behavioral Addictions March 16–18, 2015 Budapest, Hungary PLENARY PRESENTATIONS

Growing evidence suggests that the use of the Internet can become dysfunctional and cause negative impacts on daily living. Since its appearance in the psychiatric and clinical psychology literatures, Internet addiction has been almost systematically conceptualized within the framework of behavioral (nonchemical) addictions. Accordingly, the various criteria proposed to define an addiction to the Internet (and related screening tools) were transposed from those established for the diagnosis of substance abuse and disordered gambling. In 2013, the APA decided that evidence is too scarce to allow its inclusion as a new condition in the DSM-5. Indeed, the Internet addiction construct is challenged by both theoretical and empirical concerns. In this talk, I will review the existing evidence supporting the view that conceptualizing the Internet-related disorders as “behavioral addiction” is too restrictive and might result in the simplification of heterogeneous and multi-determined problematic behaviors. Theoretical and clinical implications of this position will be discussed. Finally, I will consider the risks associated with the “pathologization” of every day behaviors. Indeed, nowadays, many daily behaviors and leisure activities tend to be considered as new tentative behavioral addictions, which could eventually deserve the credibility of this important (but emergent) field of research.
Intelligent Cardiac ArrhythmiaIdentification System

The design of an intelligent system for identification of cardiac arrhythmias is considered using ECG data set. The arrhythmia identification system that includes feature selection and classification stages is proposed. Cardiac arrhythmias are characterized by many input data. In the paper, a sequential feature selection method is used to reduce the size of the input feature space. The idea behind this study is to find out a reduced feature space so that a classifier built using this tiny dataset can perform better than a classifier built using the original dataset. After feature selection, fuzzy neural networks (FNNs) is applied for the classification purpose. The structure of FNNs is proposed and training algorithm is developed. The classification performance has been evaluated using 10-fold cross-validation. The proposed algorithms have been implemented and evaluated on the UCI ECG dataset. The proposed FNN based approach has provided attractive classification accuracy.
Studying the Role of Organizational Dynamic Capabilities on Entrepreneurial Opportunity Recognition

In this research the role of organizational dynamic capabilities on entrepreneurial opportunity recognition is studied. For this purpose, the Ericsson model in organizational dynamic capabilities (2013) and Ben Pam model (2013) in the entrepreneurial opportunity recognition has been used. To collect the required data, a questionnaire containing questions of independent variable (organizational dynamic capabilities) and dependent variable (entrepreneurial opportunity recognition) was designed and was distributed among employees of Pasteur Institute of Iran. After collecting the data, the correlation test and structural model was used to investigate the relationship between variables. The results showed that there is a positive relationship between organizational dynamic capabilities and entrepreneurial opportunity recognition. Also a significant relationship between the dimensions of main variables.
Evidence for Two DNA Repair Enzymes for 8-Hydroxyguanine (7,8-Dihydro-8-oxoguanine) in Human Cells*

Two DNA repair enzymes for 8-hydroxyguanine (also known as 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine; OH'Gua, oxo'Gua) have been identified in human HeLa cell nuclear extract. One is OH'Gua-glycosylase and the other is OH'Gua-endonuclease that lacks OH'Gua-gly-cosylase activity. They were separated by heparin- Sepharose column chromatography and characterized by endonuclease nicking assay or by measuring the OH'Gua released from substrate DNA using high pressure liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection. Both OH'Gua repair enzymes act only on the OH'Gua-containing strand of the duplex substrate DNA containing OH'GualC, OHSGua/T, or OH'Gua/G. DNA con- taining OH'GualA base pair was very poor substrate for either enzymes. OH'Gua-endonuclease simultane- ously cleaves phosphodiester bonds on both sides of the OH'Gua residue, leaving 5'-hydroxy and 3'-hydroxy groups.
Effects of Mixture Types and Ratios in Hungarian Vetch-Cereal Intercropping System on Plant Development and Soil C/N Ratios

The study has been conducted in order to investigate the effects of Hungarian vetch and cereals on plant development and soil properties depending on different mixture types and ratios. This study was carried out between the years 2009–2011 in Çanakkale Province of Turkey. The study has been established according to the randomized complete block design using a total of 3 replications. Anadolu Pembesi variety of Hungarian vetch (V) (Vicia pannonica), Agile variety of barley (B) (Hordeum vulgare), Renan variety of wheat (W) (Triticum aestivum), Servente variety of oat (O) (Avena sativa) and Mikham-2002 variety of triticale (T) (Triticosecale Wittm. Triticale) were used as materials in the experiment. In the study, the crops have been cultivated with both single as well as mixed cropping (3:1, 2:2, 1:3 Hungarian vetch: cereals) systems with cereals using different amounts of Hungarian vetch. The number of seedlings, seedling ratio, upper and subsoil biomass ratios, leaf area index, land use efficiency and C/N ratios of soils were investigated in this research work. Consequently, the highest seedling ratios have been determined in Hungarian vetch mixing with barley and triticale. The leaf area index did not show a significant change as compared to other applied factors. The highest total mass amount was the lowest in the Hungarian vetch ratio which determined in 1V3T treatments. 2V2O treatments were found prominent in terms of land use efficiency. The C/N contents of soils increased in the second year and reached to its highest ratio level in 2V2B treatments. According to the overall results, the most suitable cropping mixture in terms of the studied parameters is the mixture of Hungarian vetch with barley and oats by using the lowest proportion of the mixtures.
Title: Three-Dimensional Porous Metal-Nitrogen Doped Carbon Nanostructure as a Superior Non-Precious Electrocatalyst in Oxygen Reduction Reaction

We report the porous transition metal-nitrogen doped carbon nanostructures as cathode catalysts using a well-stacked arrangement of template materials in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone as nitrogen and carbon sources and metal phthalocyanine as metal and nitrogen sources. The as-prepared nanostructures show high specific surface areas (105.73-228.13 m g), porous structure, and doped metal and nitrogen species (pyridinic-N, pyrrolic-N, and graphitic-N) into carbon structures. In particular, the porous Fe-N-doped carbon nanostructure exhibits excellent ORR electrocatalytic properties in alkaline electrolyte; i.e., electron transfer number close to 4, high halfwave potential (0.81 V), improved electrochemical stability (a slight decrease of ~31 mV in the half-wave potential after the stability test), and methanol tolerance.
Evaluation of damage mechanics of industrial wind turbine gearboxes

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Simulation du processus de croyance mutuelle de la compréhension dans le dialogue (grounding process) à l'aide des réseaux bayésiens

User simulation has become an important trend of research in the field of spoken dialogue systems because collecting and annotating real interactions with users is often expensive and time consuming. Yet, such data are generally required for designing and assessing efficient dialogue systems. The general problem of user simulation is thus to produce as many as necessary natural, various and consistent interactions from as few data as possible. In this paper, we propose a user simulation method based on Bayesian Networks (BN) that is able to produce consistent interactions in terms of user goal and dialogue history but also to simulate the grounding process that often appears in human-human interactions. The BN is trained on a database of 1234 human-machine dialogues in the TownInfo domain (a tourist information application). Experiments with a state-of-the-art dialogue system (REALL-DUDE/DIPPER/OAA) have been realized and promising results are presented.
Design and Performance Analysis of Highly Efﬁcient Class E Resonant Inverter

This paper focuses on designing of a highly efﬁcient Class E Power Inverter which does not take into account transistor parasitic effects. It is assumed that the transistor parasitic effects do not produce any large difference in output. This inverter operates on nearly zero power loss at switching instant whereas at normal operation, there always exists a phase shift between voltage and current, whose product will be negligibly small. Hence, the result is a highly efﬁcient power inverter which is useful in high frequency operation.