Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Risk profile of postnatal women and their babies attending a rural district hospital in South Africa

Background Maternal and neonatal mortality remain unacceptably high and inequitably distributed in South Africa, with the postnatal period being a dangerous time for both mother and baby. The aim of this paper is to describe the risk factors for poor postnatal outcomes, including postnatal mental health disorders, in a population of postnatal women and their babies utilising rural district hospital services in Limpopo Province, with a focus on HIV. We also describe health care provider compliance with relevant guidelines. Methods All women discharged from the postnatal ward of the district hospital who consented to participate were enrolled. A research nurse used a structured questionnaire to collect data about sociodemographic information, pregnancy and pre-existing conditions, complications during labour and birth, pregnancy outcomes and mental health risk factors. Results The questionnaire was completed for 882 women at the time of discharge. Only 354 (40.2%) of participants had completed secondary education, and 105 (11.9%) reported formal employment. Chronic hypertension was recorded in 20 women (2.3%), with an additional 49 (5.6%) developing a hypertensive disorder during pregnancy. HIV prevalence was 22.8%. 216 women (24.5%) had a mental health risk factor, with 40 reporting more than one (4.5%). Having no income, no antenatal care, having HIV and any hypertensive disorder were significantly associated with a positive mental health risk screen in multivariable analysis. There were 31 stillbirths and early neonatal deaths (3.5%), and 119 babies (13.4%) were born at a low birth weight. Stillbirth or early neonatal death was significantly associated with no antenatal care in multivariable analysis. Conclusions Women and babies in this study experienced multiple risk factors for poor outcomes in the postpartum period. Postnatal care should be strengthened in order to address the dominant risks to mothers and babies, including socioeconomic challenges, HIV and hypertension, and risks to mental health. Tools to identify mothers and babies at risk of postnatal complications would allow limited resources to be allocated where they are most needed.
Low-cost gel-filled microwell array device for screening marine microbial consortium

In order to exploit the microbes present in the environment for their beneficial resources, effective selection and isolation of microbes from environmental samples is essential. In this study, we fabricated a gel-filled microwell array device using resin for microbial culture. The device has an integrated sealing mechanism that enables high-density isolation based on the culture of microorganisms; the device is easily manageable, facilitating observation using bright-field microscopy. This low-cost device made from polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) has 900 microwells (600 μm × 600 μm × 700 μm) filled with a microbial culture gel medium in glass slide-sized plates. It also has grooves for maintaining the moisture content in the micro-gel. The partition wall between the wells has a highly hydrophobic coating to inhibit microbial migration to neighboring wells and to prevent exchange of liquid substances. After being hermetically sealed, the device can maintain moisture in the agarose gels for 7 days. In the bacterial culture experiment using this device, environmental bacteria were isolated and cultured in individual wells after 3 days. Moreover, the isolated bacteria were then picked up from wells and re-cultured. This device is effective for the first screening of microorganisms from marine environmental samples.
Emergent Low Temperature Phases in Strongly Correlated Multi-orbital and Cold Atom Systems

This thesis considers various strongly correlated quantum phases in solid state and cold atom spin systems.In the first part we focus on phases emerging in multi-orbital materials. We study even-parity spin-triplet superconductivity originating from Hund's coupling between t2g orbitals and investigate the effect of spin-orbit interaction on spin-triplet and spin-singlet pairing.Various aspects of the pairing state are discussed against the backdrop of the spin-triplet superconductor Sr2RuO4. Motivated by the remarkable phenomena observed in the bilayer compound Sr3Ru2O7, which point to the formation of an electronic nematic phase in the presence of critical fluctuations, we investigate how such a broken symmetry state emerges from electronic interactions.Since the broken x-y symmetry is revealed experimentally by applying a small in-planemagnetic field component, we examine nematic phases in a bilayer system and the role of the in-plane magnetic field using a phenomenological approach.In addition, we propose a microscopic mechanism for nematic phase formationspecific to Sr3Ru2O7.The model is based on a realistic multi-orbital band structure and local and nearest neighbour interactions.Considering all t2g-orbital derived bands on an equal footing, we find a nematic quantum critical point and a nearby meta-nematic transition in the phase diagram.This finding harbours important implications for the phenomena observed in Sr3Ru2O7.The second part is devoted to the study of the anisotropic bilinear biquadratic spin-1 Heisenberg model, where the existence of an unusual direct phase transition between a spin-nematic phase and a dimerized valence bond solid phase in the quasi-1D limit was conjectured based on Quantum Monte Carlo simulations.We establish the quasi-1D phase diagram using a large-N Schwinger boson approach and show that the phase transition is largely conventional except possibly at two particular points.We further discuss how to realize and to detect such phases in an optical lattice.
200-km 10-Gbit/s NRZ repeaterless transmission over SSMF with fiber grating

In this paper, a low-cost repeaterless transmission system is demonstrated at 10Gbit/s using two Sampled Chirped fiber Bragg gratings (SCBG) to realize the dispersion compensation of 210km transmission over G.652 single-mode fiber (SSMF). The two SCBGs are used as dispersion management components to mitigate the damage caused by the pulse broadening effort before the receiver terminal. Non-return-to-zero (NRZ) modulation format is adopted and EDFAs as boost amplifier and pre-amplifiers in this system. Low-gain Raman amplifier is used to improve the signal noise ratio (SNR) at the end of the transmission fiber.
Local Bandwidth And Optimal Windows For The Short Time Fourier Transform

The standard deviation of instantaneous frequency (local bandwidth) is derived for the short time Fourier transform. This is done by calculating the local moments of frequency for a given time instants using the spectrogram as a joint time-frequency distribution. By minimizing the local bandwidth optimal windows are obtained. We show that amplitude modulation has a very significant effect on the optimum window. We also show that to obtain the highest possible resolution, divergent windows which non the less lead to convergent short time Fourier transforms, must sometimes be used. Series expansions for the estimated instantaneous frequency and local bandwidth are derived in terms of the derivatives pf the phase. The theorem of Ville, Mandel and Fink, relating the global bandwidth to the excursions of the instantaneous frequency, is generalized to the short time Fourier transform. The bandwidth and duration of the spectrogram are related to those of the signal and window and a local uncertainty relationship for the spectrogram is derived. Also, the concept of local duration for a particular frequency is introduced and explicit formulas are given.
The adenosine A2A receptor antagonist KW6002 distinctly regulates retinal ganglion cell morphology during postnatal development and neonatal inflammation

Adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs) appear early in the retina during postnatal development, but the roles of the A2ARs in the morphogenesis of distinct types of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) during postnatal development and neonatal inflammatory response remain undetermined. As the RGCs are rather heterogeneous in morphology and functions in the retina, here we resorted to the Thy1-YFPH transgenic mice and three-dimensional (3D) neuron reconstruction to investigate how A2ARs regulate the morphogenesis of three morphologically distinct types of RGCs (namely Type I, II, III) during postnatal development and neonatal inflammation. We found that the A2AR antagonist KW6002 did not change the proportion of the three RGC types during retinal development, but exerted a bidirectional effect on dendritic complexity of Type I and III RGCs and cell type-specifically altered their morphologies with decreased dendrite density of Type I, decreased the dendritic field area of Type II and III, increased dendrite density of Type III RGCs. Moreover, under neonatal inflammation condition, KW6002 specifically increased the proportion of Type I RGCs with enhanced the dendrite surface area and volume and the proportion of Type II RGCs with enlarged the soma area and perimeter. Thus, A2ARs exert distinct control of RGC morphologies to cell type-specifically fine-tune the RGC dendrites during normal development but to mainly suppress RGC soma and dendrite volume under neonatal inflammation.
Thin current sheets and loss of equilibrium: Three‐dimensional theory and simulations

[1] Using quasi-static equilibrium theory and three-dimensional MHD simulations, we confirm earlier two-dimensional results that finite boundary deformations of magnetotail equilibria can lead to large local current density enhancements, that is, the formation of thin current sheets. Equilibrium configurations that satisfy flux, entropy, and topology conservation cease to exist when the boundary deformations exceed critical limits. This provides a strong argument for onset of instability or the loss of equilibrium, regardless of the dissipation mechanism. Catastrophe points can be reached for relatively modest perturbations of the boundary. The most important internal property that influences the critical limit is the variation of the lobe magnetic field strength with distance from the Earth, related to the overall tail flaring. Stronger flaring, corresponding to a more rapid decrease of the lobe field with distance downtail, tends to stabilize the tail. That means such configurations require stronger perturbations to reach the critical limit or show less significant thinning and current density intensification for a given perturbation. Due to the nonlinearity of the tail response to the perturbations, the current intensification tends to be more localized than the perturbation.
Fabrication of midgap metal gates compatible with ultrathin dielectrics

A process has been described which can produce a midgap tungsten gate compatible with the current and future complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor technology. The tungsten was deposited directly onto a 3.0 nm SiO2 gate dielectric without measurable degradation of any of its electrical properties. The tungsten deposition process yields no reactive or corrosive by-products that affect the gate dielectric integrity. The tungsten film is found to be pure within the limits of several analytical techniques and the resistivity of the tungsten films was found to be within a factor of 2 of the bulk value.
2023 American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines for Monitoring and Antagonism of Neuromuscular Blockade: A Report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Neuromuscular Blockade

These practice guidelines provide evidence-based recommendations on the management of neuromuscular monitoring and antagonism of neuromuscular blocking agents during and after general anesthesia. The guidance focuses primarily on the type and site of monitoring and the process of antagonizing neuromuscular blockade to reduce residual neuromuscular blockade. These practice guidelines provide evidence-based recommendations on the management of neuromuscular monitoring and antagonism of neuromuscular blocking agents during and after general anesthesia. The guidance focuses primarily on the type and site of monitoring and the process of antagonizing neuromuscular blockade to reduce residual neuromuscular blockade.
Fixation-coexistence transition in spatial populations

Balancing selection is a special case of frequency-dependent selection that is known to be the major force for the maintenance of biodiversity and polymorphism in natural populations. In finite populations, genetic drift eventually drives the population to fixation to the detriment of biodiversity. The interplay between selection and genetic drift is much richer in spatially extended populations, where the local density of individuals can be low even in the limit of infinitely large systems. We consider the limit of low local density of individuals (strong genetic drift) that is well represented by a modified voter model. We show analytically the existence of a non-equilibrium phase transition between a region in which fixation always occurs and a coexistence phase for a one-dimensional system. We also provide a characterization of the dynamical properties of the system, in particular for what concerns the coarsening behavior and the speed of propagation of heterozygosity above the threshold.
Status and prospect of CP violation experiments

Symmetry plays a crucial role in constructing a theory which describes the building blocks of of the material and interactions between them. From the experimental observation of CP violation, existence of the third quark family had been revealed well before the second family was experimentally established. In this article, we recall the historical development of CP violation, and review the current important experimental results and prospects in near future. Then, it concludes with a general reflection.
Three-dimensional TV: a novel method for generating surrogate depth maps using colour information

The ability to convert 2D video material to 3D would be extremely valuable for the 3D-TV industry. Such conversion might be achieved using depth maps extracted from the original 2D content. We previously demonstrated that surrogate depth maps with limited or imprecise depth information could be used to produce effective stereoscopic images. In the current study, we investigated whether gray intensity images associated with the Cr colour component of standard 2D-colour video sequences could be used effectively as surrogate depth maps. Colour component-based depth maps were extracted from ten video sequences and used to render images for the right-eye view. These were then combined with the original images for the left-eye view to form ten stereoscopic test sequences. A panel of viewers assessed the depth quality and the visual comfort of the synthesized test sequences and, for comparison, of monoscopic and camera-captured stereoscopic versions of the same sequences. The data showed that the ratings of depth quality for the synthesized test sequences were higher than those of the monoscopic versions, but lower than those of the camera-captured stereoscopic versions. For visual comfort, ratings were lower for the synthesized than for the monoscopic sequences but either equal to or higher than those of the camera-captured versions
Trajectory occlusion handling with multiple-view distance-minimization clustering

A robust and efficient method for overcoming the negative effects of long-time occlusion in the tracking process is presented. The proposed approach is based on the matching of multiple trajectories in time. Trajectories are sets of 2-D points in time and in a joint ground plane of the world coordinate system. In order to avoid mismatches due to possible measurement outliers, we introduce an integral distance between compared trajectories. The proposed method can also be considered as an interpolation algorithm for a disconnected trajectory during the blackout. Thus this technique solves one of the most difficult problems of occlusion handling: the matching of two unconnected parts of the same trajectory.
A spatial decay estimate for the hyperbolic heat equation

In this paper we establish a spatial decay estimate for the hyperbolic heat equation similar to other known estimates for the parabolic equations. Alternatively, the results may be viewed as theorems of Phragmen–Lindelof type [J. B. Conway, Functions of One Complex Variable, Graduate Texts in Mathematics, 2nd ed., Springer-Verlag, New York, 1978], [R. Quintanilla, Publ. Mat. , 37 (1993), pp. 443–463], [C. O. Horgan and L. E. Payne, Arch. Rational Mech. Anal. , 122 (1993), pp. 123–144] for this kind of equation. We conclude the paper by extending the results for a type of semilinear wave equation.
Pressurized structures-based hybrid unmanned aerial vehicles

This paper describes the initial results of an investigation into building unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with pressurized structures-based (PSB) technologies. Basically, the UAV will be constructed in such a way that a considerable percentage of its weight will be supported by or composed of inflatable structures containing air or helium. PSB technologies can be employed in any number of UAV designs. The goals of this research are to ascertain feasibility of UAV construction using PSB technology and finding methods and designs employing PSB technology to increase vehicle performance for missions of interest to the military.
A New Parameterization for Shallow Cumulus Convection and Its Application to Marine Subtropical Cloud-Topped Boundary Layers. Part II: Regional Simulations of Marine Boundary Layer Clouds

Abstract The impact of physical parameterizations on simulations of cloud-topped marine boundary layers is investigated using the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5). Three-month MM5 simulations of the northeast and southeast Pacific during June–August 1987 are boundary forced with time- varying ECMWF analyses. Runs with four planetary boundary layer (PBL) parameterizations already implemented in MM5 are compared with runs using new parameterizations of boundary layer turbulence and shallow cumulus convection (ShCu) described in a companion paper. Numerous modifications to the MM5 that allow it to be used as a regional climate model are described. The simulated 3-month mean shortwave cloud radiative forcing (SWCF) and vertical structure of cloud-topped boundary layers in the northeast Pacific are sensitive to the PBL/shallow convection schemes. All four current MM5 PBL schemes [the Blackadar, Medium-Range Forecast (MRF), Burk–Thompson, and Gayno–Seaman schemes] produc.
The relationship between speech perception and production: Evidence from children with speech production errors

Children with speech sound disorders (SSD), for reasons that are not well understood, fail to produce age-appropriate speech production targets in isolation, words, and/or functional conversation. One line of research suggests these children exhibit underlying perceptual deficits for acoustic cues that distinguish similar phonemes, exhibiting particular deficits for those phonemes produced in error (e.g., /r/, /l/) (Monnin and Huntington, 1974; Shuster, 1998), although other studies have reported mixed results in children with SSD (Locke, 1980; Rvachew and Jamieson, 1989). In the current study, children with SSD and typically developing children were presented with a perceptual discrimination task involving a phoneme produced in error by the SSD children (i.e., /r/). Findings revealed two separate subsets of children with SSD. The first exhibited poor discrimination of /r/ while a second exhibited exceptionally good discrimination of the same contrast. Given that all children with SSD exhibited distorted .
Relation between dispersion and power-flow distribution in a dielectric waveguide

This paper considers a dielectric waveguide that is uniform in the z direction and composed of N homogeneous regions with ∊ = ∊k and μ = μk (k = 1, 2, …, N). If the electromagnetic field of a specified mode is tightly confined in the vicinity of the k th region, the phase constant β would be mainly determined by ∊k and μk. We present a few simple general relations between dispersion and power-flow distribution. For example, the sum of ∊kμk’s weighted by Pk/ΣPk, where Pk denotes the fractional power carried in the k th region, is equal to 1/νpνg. Another main result is that the partial derivative ∂(β2)/ω2∂(∊kμk) is close to Pk/ΣPk in a weakly guiding dielectric waveguide. Applications of them to analysis of a dielectric surface waveguide are discussed.
Optical coupling of surface plasmons between graphene sheets

In this letter, we theoretically investigate the coupling of far-infrared surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) between spatially separated graphene sheets. By using the finite-difference frequency-domain method, we numerically illustrate the SPP propagation and modulation in the graphene sheets. The coupling of SPPs is employed to design zero insertion loss optical splitters, 1 × 2 digital optical spatial switches, and ultra-compact Mach-Zehnder interferometers with the arm length far below the diffraction limit. The study provides an effective way in designing graphene based high-speed and ultra-compact optoelectronic devices.
ULTRACONTRACTIVITY AND STRONG SOBOLEV INEQUALITY FOR q-ORNSTEIN–UHLENBECK SEMIGROUP (-1 < q < 1)

We prove that q-Ornstein–Uhlenbeck semigroup maps L2 into L∞ and for -1 < q < 1. This is an extension of Ph. Biane's3 result on Nelson hypercontractivity and the ultracontractivity of the free (q=0) and q-second quantization.
Thickness dependent magnetic and magnetotransport properties of strain-relaxed La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 films

La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 films with thicknesses between 2 and 300 nm were fabricated on LaAlO3, SrTiO3, and (LaAlO3)0.3(Sr2AlTaO6)0.7 (LSAT) substrates using pulsed laser deposition. After annealing at 950 °C in flowing oxygen, on LaAlO3 and LSAT, strain-relaxed epitaxial films of high quality were obtained. The magnetization, resistivity, and magnetoresistance of the films was studied as a function of thickness. Down to a thickness of about 4 nm no decrease of the saturation magnetization could be detected; the Curie temperature decreases slightly with thickness in agreement with finite size scaling theory. The thickness dependence of the conductance can be understood as a size-effect in thin films; there is no indication of an electrically dead interfacial layer.
Error analysis for implicit approximations to solutions to Cauchy problems

Exact error analyses for two implicit approximation schemes to the Cauchy problem ${{du(t)} / {dt}} + \mathcal {A}(u(t)) \mathrel\backepsilon 0,u(0) = u_0 \in D(\mathcal {A})$ are presented. The operator $\mathcal {A}$ is required to be maximal monotone on a Hilbert space $\mathcal {H}$. The approximations considered are $u_h (kh) = (I + h\mathcal {A})^{ - k} u_0 $ and solutions $u_\lambda $ to the approximating problems ${{du_\lambda (t)} / {dt}} + \mathcal {A}_\lambda (u_\lambda ) = 0,u_\lambda (0) = u_0 $, where $A_\lambda $ is the Yosida approximation of $\mathcal A$ The special case of A being a subgradient is considered, and tight estimates of the convergence of both $u_h $ and $\mathcal {A}_h (u_h )$ (or $u_h $, and $A_h (u_h )$) are given. The new results in this case are the linear rates of convergence of $u_h $ in $L^\infty (0,\infty ;\mathcal {H})$ and in the “energy norm,” and the sublinear rate of convergence of . $A_h (u_h )$ in $L^2 (0,\infty ;\mathcal {H})$. Applications to both linear and .
The effects of plasma exposure on low-k dielectric materials

Plasma-induced damage to low-k dielectric materials can be quantified by separation of the effects of charged-particle bombardment, photon bombardment, and gas-radical flux. For ion and photon bombardment, the spatial location and extent of the damage can be determined. Damage effects from radical flux will be shown to be small. Both SiCOH and photo-programmable low-k (PPLK) dielectrics will be discussed.