Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Commercial Fish Proteins’ Chemical and Sensory Properties for Human Consumption

To stop overfishing and meet the protein needs of a growing population, more information is needed on how to use marine by-catches, by-products, and undervalued fish species for human consumption. Turning them into protein powder is a sustainable and marketable way to add value. However, more knowledge of the chemical and sensory properties of commercial fish proteins is needed to identify the challenges in developing fish derivatives. This study aimed to characterize the sensory and chemical properties of commercial fish proteins to compare their suitability for human consumption. Proximate composition, protein, polypeptide and lipid profiles, lipid oxidation, and functional properties were analyzed. The sensory profile was compiled using generic descriptive analysis, and odor-active compounds were identified with gas-chromatography–mass spectrometry-olfactometry (GC-MS/O). Results indicated significant differences in chemical and sensory properties between processing methods but not between fish species. However, the raw material had some influence in the proteins’ proximate composition. Bitterness and fishiness were the main perceived off-flavors. All samples, apart from hydrolyzed collagen, had intense flavor and odor. Differences in odor-active compounds supported the sensory evaluation results. The chemical properties revealed that the lipid oxidation, peptide profile, and raw material degradation are likely affecting the sensory properties of commercial fish proteins. Limiting lipid oxidation during processing is crucial for the development of mild-tasting and -smelling products for human consumption.
Absolute instability of the boundary layer on a rotating disk

This paper is concerned with the theoretical behaviour of the boundary-layer flow over a disk rotating in otherwise still fluid. The flow is excited impulsively at a certain radius at time t = 0. This paper analyses the inviscid stability of the flow and the stability with viscous, Coriolis and streamline curvature effects included. In both cases, within a specific range of the parameter space, it is shown that the flow is absolutely unstable, i.e. disturbances grow in time at every fixed point in space. Outside this range, the flow is convectively unstable or stable. The absolute or convective nature of the instabilities is determined by examining the branch-point singularities of the dispersion relation. Absolute instability is found for Reynolds numbers above 510. Experimentally observed values for the onset of transition from laminar to turbulent flow have an average value of 513. It is suggested that absolute instability may cause the onset of transition to turbulent flow. The results from the inviscid analysis show that the absolute instability is not caused by Coriolis effects nor by streamline curvature effects. This indicates that this mechanism may be possible on swept wings, where Coriolis effects are not present but the boundary layers are otherwise similar.
Tone-change and tone-shift in White Miao

‘Tone’, at least in the literature dealing with Far Eastern languages, is commonly used in several ways: for instance, in ‘the tones of the language’, or ‘Cantonese has seven tones’, reference is made to the tones as membersof a system, while in ‘such-and-such a word has tone X’ the reference is tothe assignment of an item to one of the members of the system. The differencein reference is made quite clear by the context, and no ambiguity ensues; theconcept of ‘tone’ remains precise, and difficulties arise only when no distinctionis made between ‘tone’ as used above and the realization of tones in particularenvironments. Far different is the use of expressions denoting ‘changes intone’, for which there is no agreed terminology. In diachronic work, ‘change’ usually refers to changes through time in the overall system of basic tones, and secondarily to changes in the assignment of items to members of this system, as, for instance, when it is said that in Standard Chinese, items with voicedplosive initials changed from the shăng tone to the qù tone by the Sung dynasty.
Modern Rivularia Freshwater Stromatolites as Models for Formation of Laminated Stromatolitic Crusts

Abstract In the present study, microbialites from a stream in the Ammergau Alps (Northern Calcareous Alps) were examined with regard to morphology, mineralogy, and colonizing microorganisms. The carbonate buildups form regular (mainly laminated) stromatolite structures, essentially due to the activity of the cyanobacterium Rivularia. The filaments of the cyanobacterium form exopolymer sheaths that prevent the precipitation of calcite from the carbonate-supersaturated stream water at cell surfaces. A pattern of non-calcified, parallel tubes surrounded by a calcified scaffold is built up. The calcification pattern may be explained by the inhibitory activity of cyanobacterial sheath exopolymers. In lower layers of the carbonate buildup, microbial diversity increases due to colonization by mainly heterotrophic bacteria. The hollow tubes hitherto exempt from calcification are gradually being filled. Calcification pattern is discussed in view of fossil Girvanella-type stromatolites.
Highly-efficient third-harmonic generation from ultrapure diamond crystals

We report on a direct generation of efficient and wavelength-tunable third-harmonic generation (THG) from ultrapure electronic-grade (EG) diamond crystals. Under an ultrafast infrared excitation at 1280 nm, the considerably high optical conversion efficiency of ~ 0.7% at a THG wavelength of 427 nm is obtained, and the THG signal can be tuned over ultra-broadband range from 420 to 730 nm. We argue that the THG efficiency is originating from minimum absorption loss and phase-matching conditions in EG diamond. Enhanced THG from EG diamond crystal represents a new paradigm for establishing efficient diamond-based frequency converters, quantum sensing, and quantum communications platforms.
On artificial geometry errors in the adaptive analysis of eigenvalues and eigenmodes of curved shell structures using the finite element method

The standard procedure to compute design loads for shell structures as also proposed in design rules is based on the computation of the limit load taking into account the modification of the so‐called stability loads due to geometrical imperfections. The imperfections are mostly chosen affine to the buckling patterns, which are solutions of the eigenvalue‐problem for the geometrically perfect structure. Thus, the eigenvalue‐problems for stability points have to be solved very accurately. In the present contribution an adaptive h ‐refinement procedure is taken for the solution using low order shell elements. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Spin-dependent exciton-exciton interaction potential in two- and three-dimensional semiconductors under excitation

Analytical expressions for the exciton-exciton interaction potentials have been approximately derived in both 2D and 3D materials exhibiting explicit dependences on exciton momentum difference, momentum transfer, electron-hole effective mass ratio and two-exciton state spin symmetry. Numerical calculations show that the character of the exciton-exciton interaction is determined by all of the above-mentioned dependences.
A Review on Montmorillonite-Based Nanoantimicrobials: State of the Art

One of the crucial challenges of our time is to effectively use metal and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) as an alternative way to combat drug-resistant infections. Metal and metal oxide NPs such as Ag, Ag2O, Cu, Cu2O, CuO, and ZnO have found their way against antimicrobial resistance. However, they also suffer from several limitations ranging from toxicity issues to resistance mechanisms by complex structures of bacterial communities, so-called biofilms. In this regard, scientists are urgently looking for convenient approaches to develop heterostructure synergistic nanocomposites which could overcome toxicity issues, enhance antimicrobial activity, improve thermal and mechanical stability, and increase shelf life. These nanocomposites provide a controlled release of bioactive substances into the surrounding medium, are cost effective, reproducible, and scalable for real life applications such as food additives, nanoantimicrobial coating in food technology, food preservation, optical limiters, the bio medical field, and wastewater treatment application. Naturally abundant and non-toxic Montmorillonite (MMT) is a novel support to accommodate NPs, due to its negative surface charge and control release of NPs and ions. At the time of this review, around 250 articles have been published focusing on the incorporation of Ag-, Cu-, and ZnO-based NPs into MMT support and thus furthering their introduction into polymer matrix composites dominantly used for antimicrobial application. Therefore, it is highly relevant to report a comprehensive review of Ag-, Cu-, and ZnO-modified MMT. This review provides a comprehensive overview of MMT-based nanoantimicrobials, particularly dealing with preparation methods, materials characterization, and mechanisms of action, antimicrobial activity on different bacterial strains, real life applications, and environmental and toxicity issues.
A Note on Heat Kernel Estimates on Weighted Graphs with Two-Sided Bounds on the Weights ∗†

We reconsider estimates for the heat kernel on weighted graphs recently found by Metzger and Stollmann. In the case that the weights satisfy a positive lower bound as well as afinite upper bound, we obtain a specialized lower estimate and a proper generalization of a previous upper estimate. Estimates for the heat kernels on graphs have recently attracted the interest of mathematical physicists (1, 2, 5). In (6), Metzger and Stollmann derived physically significant upper and lower bounds for the heat kernel on a weighted graph which also give rise to a probabilistic interpretation in terms of stochastic processes. They considered the case that the 'heat conductance', that is, the weight function on the edges of the graph, is bounded from above. Here, we follow their lucent method of proof under the additional assumption that there is also a strictly positive lower bound on the weights. This case seems to be of physical relevance, for example, in the modeling of heat transport in structured media. It turns out that, while the lower estimate takes on a special form under this assumption, the upper estimate becomes properly generalized and tends to the upper estimate of (6) when the lower bound on the weights tends to zero. Our refinement of the upper estimate amounts physically to the appearance of a' diffusive' term governed by the minimal conductance and limiting the transition probability. We may note, that the results of Davies (4, 3) are now completely rendered as special cases of the estimates that can be derived by the method of Metzger and Stollmann.
Geographical Influence on Morphometric Variability of Genetically “Pure” Schistosoma haematobium Eggs from Sub-Saharan Migrants in Spain

Schistosome eggs play a key role in schistosomiasis diagnosis and research. The aim of this work is to morphogenetically study the eggs of Schistosoma haematobium found in sub-Saharan migrants present in Spain, analyzing their morphometric variation in relation to the geographical origin of the parasite (Mali, Mauritania and Senegal). Only eggs considered “pure” S. haematobium by genetic characterization (rDNA ITS-2 and mtDNA cox1) have been used. A total of 162 eggs obtained from 20 migrants from Mali, Mauritania and Senegal were included in the study. Analyses were made by the Computer Image Analysis System (CIAS). Following a previously standardized methodology, seventeen measurements were carried out on each egg. The morphometric analysis of the three morphotypes detected (round, elongated and spindle) and the biometric variations in relation to the country of origin of the parasite on the egg phenotype were carried out by canonical variate analysis. Mahalanobis distances, when all egg measurements were analyzed, showed differences between: (i) Mali-Mauritania, Mali-Senegal and Mauritania-Senegal in the round morphotype; (ii) Mali-Mauritania and Mauritania-Senegal in the elongated morphotype; and (iii) Mauritania-Senegal in the spindle morphotype. Mahalanobis distances, when spine variables were analyzed, showed differences between Mali-Senegal in the round morphotype. In conclusion, this is the first phenotypic study performed on individually genotyped “pure” S. haematobium eggs, allowing the assessment of the intraspecific morphological variations associated with the geographical origin of the schistosome eggs.
Triaxial stress distributions in Cu/low-k interconnect features

The distribution of triaxial stresses within single damascene Cu/organosilicate interconnect structures as a function of linewidth, ranging from 45 to 250 nm, was measured using x-ray diffraction. Least-squares minimization techniques were employed to determine the volume-averaged stress tensors of the Cu features. Longitudinal Cu stress values increased for linewidths below 100 nm, while transverse stresses decreased with decreasing linewidth below 100 nm due to the interplay between the Cu microstructure and the feature geometry. Large tensile out-of-plane stresses were observed in all of the lines demonstrating the constraint imposed by the barrier layers that encapsulate the Cu.
Bamboo Plant Part Preference Affects the Nutrients Digestibility and Intestinal Microbiota of Geriatric Giant Pandas

Simple Summary Bamboo part preference and a panda’s age have been shown to shift the gut microbiota composition of the giant panda, thus eliciting changes in their nutrient utilization capacity. The present study compared the differences in nutrient digestibility and fecal microbiota composition between adult and geriatric captive giant pandas when fed exclusively with a diet comprising of either bamboo shoots or leaves. Bamboo part preference exerted a significant effect on nutrient digestibility and fecal microbiota composition in both adult and aged giant pandas. Bamboo part dominated over age in shaping the nutrient digestibility and gut microbiota composition of giant pandas. Abstract Bamboo part preference plays a critical role in influencing the nutrient utilization and gastrointestinal microbiota composition of captive giant pandas. However, the effects of bamboo part consumption on the nutrient digestibility and gut microbiome of geriatric giant pandas remain unknown. A total of 11 adult and 11 aged captive giant pandas were provided with bamboo shoots or bamboo leaves in the respective single-bamboo-part consumption period, and the nutrient digestibility and fecal microbiota of both adult and aged giant pandas in each period were evaluated. Bamboo shoot ingestion increased the crude protein digestibility and decreased the crude fiber digestibility of both age groups. The fecal microbiome of the bamboo shoot-fed giant pandas exhibited greater alpha diversity indices and significantly different beta diversity index than the bamboo leaf-fed counterparts regardless of age. Bamboo shoot feeding significantly changed the relative abundance of predominant taxa at both phylum and genus levels in adult and geriatric giant pandas. Bamboo shoot-enriched genera were positively correlated with crude protein digestibility and negatively correlated with crude fiber digestibility. Taken together, these results suggest that bamboo part consumption dominates over age in affecting the nutrient digestibility and gut microbiota composition of giant pandas.
Expanding mental health services in low- and middle-income countries: A task-shifting framework for delivery of comprehensive, collaborative, and community-based care

Abstract This paper proposes a framework for comprehensive, collaborative, and community-based care (C4) for accessible mental health services in low-resource settings. Because mental health conditions have many causes, this framework includes social, public health, wellness and clinical services. It accommodates integration of stand-alone mental health programs with health and non-health community-based services. It addresses gaps in previous models including lack of community-based psychotherapeutic and social services, difficulty in addressing comorbidity of mental and physical conditions, and how workers interact with respect to referral and coordination of care. The framework is based on task-shifting of services to non-specialized workers. While the framework draws on the World Health Organization’s Mental Health Gap Action Program and other global mental health models, there are important differences. The C4 Framework delineates types of workers based on their skills. Separate workers focus on: basic psychoeducation and information sharing; community-level, evidence-based psychotherapeutic counseling; and primary medical care and more advanced, specialized mental health services for more severe or complex cases. This paper is intended for individuals, organizations and governments interested in implementing mental health services. The primary aim is to provide a framework for the provision of widely accessible mental health care and services.
An Evaluation of Approximate Confidence Interval Estimation Methods for Lognormal Means

Approximate confidence limits for EX, where X is lognormal (μ, σ2), are compared with corresponding exact limits obtained by an optimal method, for various sample sizes and values of the usual sufficient statistic. The approximatemethods examinedare “transformation methods” in which a confidence interval for E(log X) is transformed so as to approximately cover EX, and “direct methods” based on approximate distributions for estimates of EX or of some function of EX. The degree of agreement with the exact method, for the approximate methods examined, appears to be best when 2, the usual unbiased estimate of the variance of log X, is small and the number of degrees of freedom for 2 is large. As 2 increases, however, this agreement becomes less satisfactory, to the extent that, with one exception, the approximate methods examined appear to be of little use unless 2 is small, even for large samples. The exception, a direct method based on an estimate of log (EX), appears to be suitable as a computationally sim.
Association of normal weight obesity phenotype with inflammatory markers: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Individuals with normal weight could suffer from obesity based on their body fat percentage (also known as normal weight obesity (NWO)), thus being at risk of significant morbidity and mortality compared to the general population. It seems that inflammatory pathways and chronic inflammation are significant contributors to the pathogenicity of NWO. This study aimed to assess and pool the association of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines with NWO. Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, online international databases (PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) were searched until August 2022. All observational studies with an English full text comparing the mean levels of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., C-reactive protein (CRP), various types of interleukins (IL) s, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF)) and white blood cell (WBC) count, in subjects with NWO and “normal weight non-obese (NWNO)” were included. Two researchers independently screened, reviewed and assessed the quality of included studies. The remaining articles’ data were extracted post-screening. The heterogeneity between studies was assessed using the I2 and Cochran’s Q tests. A random effect model meta-analysis was used to pool the standardized mean difference (SMD) as an effect size. Results From the initial 559 studies, 21 and 19 were included in the qualitative and quantitative synthesis, respectively. In the systematic review, 8 studies reported a significant association between various proinflammatory cytokines (CRP, IL6, IL1β, and TNFα) and NWO. According to random-effect meta-analysis, the association between NWO with CRP (SMD: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.30, 0.91) and IL6 (SMD: 0.90, 95%CI: 0.14, 1.66) was statistically significant. Moreover, the mean level of TNFα in subjects with NWO and NWNO did not differ significantly (SMD: 0.67, 95% CI: -0.36, 1.70). Conclusion The findings of this study show that NWO was associated with high levels of CRP and IL6. Therefore, inflammatory pathways may play a role in the pathogenicity of NWO.
Phenology, population size, and factors influencing variation in density of an endangered butterfly, the mottled duskywing Erynnis martialis

: Understanding the natural history and ecology of endangered species is critical for developing effective, evidence-based conservation and management plans. The mottled dusky-wing Erynnis martialis is a skipper butterfly inhabiting oak savanna, oak woodlands, alvars, and tallgrass prairie habitats containing their host plants, Ceanothus spp. Listed as endangered in Canada, few populations persist in Ontario and Manitoba, but there are no formal estimates of population size or what influences spatial variation in adult density, and we have limited knowledge of phenology. To address these knowledge gaps, we conducted spatially explicit mark−re-sighting over multiple years at 2 of the largest known populations in Ontario (specific locations withheld). Population sizes at Site A were estimated to be 1159 individuals (confidence limit [CL] = 845−1598) in 2021 and at Site B, 626 individuals (CL = 466−851) in 2020 and 2227 individuals (CL = 1110−4463) in 2021. Most (81%) re-sightings occurred within 5 d of marking, suggesting that adults likely live less than 1 wk. High densities of adults were generally associated with high Ceanothus spp. abundance and open canopy, but relationships varied by site and year. Peak flight across sites and years ranged from 5−13 June. We recommend that existing and prospective habitat managers prevent succession with brush-cutting and/or prescribed burns, specifically in areas of abundant Cean-othus spp. This work provides valuable information for future management and recovery efforts, including planned translocations to both historically occupied and newly restored sites.
Measurement and statistical modeling of BRDF of various samples

Based on the Torrance –Sparrow model, a modified and simplified five-parameter model is obtained. Multi-angle bistatic reflectance data of surfaces of various materials are fitted using this model. Genetic algorithm is used to optimize the parameters for the model. The results of the five-parameter model are in good agreement with experimental data which do not take part in fitting, and are close to the results of two-dimensional bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) models. The five-parameter model shows a good applicability to various rough surfaces with different surface optical properties. The five-parameter model can be used to construct a three-dimensional BRDF distribution based on the spatial experimental data, which may provide more information on light scattering from rough surfaces.
A novel two phase doubly salient permanent magnet motor

In this paper a dual stator, doubly salient permanent magnet motor is presented. It is shown that the machine has good power density and efficiency, and that the structure is both simple and robot. By shifting one set of stator windings 90 electrical degrees with respect to a second set, a two-phase stator winding is formed. This configuration adds the PM torque produced by each segment but cancels the reluctance torque since the reluctance torques produced by the two-phase windings are out of phase. The principles of operation, finite element analysis and simulation of this new machine are investigated in the paper. Comparison is made between this new machine and the conventional VRM machine.