Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Maximal abelian subalgebras and projections in two Banach algebras associated with a topological dynamical system

If $\Sigma=(X,\sigma)$ is a topological dynamical system, where $X$ is a compact Hausdorff space and $\sigma$ is a homeomorphism of $X$, then a crossed product Banach $\sp{*}$-algebra $\ell^1(\Sigma)$ is naturally associated with these data. If $X$ consists of one point, then $\ell^1(\Sigma)$ is the group algebra of the integers. The commutant $C(X)'_1$ of $C(X)$ in $\ell^1(\Sigma)$ is known to be a maximal abelian subalgebra which has non-zero intersection with each non-zero closed ideal, and the same holds for the commutant $C(X)'_*$ of $C(X)$ in $C^*(\Sigma)$, the enveloping $C^*$-algebra of $\ell^1(\Sigma)$. This intersection property has proven to be a valuable tool in investigating these algebras. Motivated by this pivotal role, we study $C(X)'_1$ and $C(X)'_*$ in detail in the present paper. The maximal ideal space of $C(X)'_1$ is described explicitly, and is seen to coincide with its pure state space and to be a topological quotient of $X\times\mathbb{T}$. We show that $C(X)'_1$ is hermitian and semisimple, and that its enveloping $C^*$-algebra is $C(X)'_*$. Furthermore, we establish necessary and sufficient conditions for projections onto $C(X)'_1$ and $C(X)'_*$ to exist, and give explicit formulas for such projections, which we show to be unique. In the appendix, topological results for the periodic points of a homeomorphism of a locally compact Hausdorff space are given.
Nonlinear interaction of spin and charge currents in graphene

We describe a nonlinear interaction between charge currents and spin currents which arises from the energy dependence of the conductivity. This allows nonmagnetic contacts to be used for measuring and controlling spin signals. We choose graphene as a model system to study these effects and predict its magnitudes in nonlocal spin valve devices. The ambipolar behavior of graphene is used to demonstrate amplification of spin accumulation in p-n junctions by applying a charge current through nonmagnetic contacts.
Anderson localization of Cooper pairs and Majorana fermions in an ultracold atomic Fermi gas with synthetic spin-orbit coupling

We theoretically investigate two-particle and many-particle Anderson localizations of a spin-orbit coupled ultracold atomic Fermi gas trapped in a quasi-periodic potential and subjected to an out-of-plane Zeeman field. We solve exactly the two-particle problem in a finite length system by exact diagonalization and solve approximately the many-particle problem within the mean-field Bogoliubov-de Gennes approach. At a small Zeeman field, the localization properties of the system are similar to that of a Fermi gas with conventional $s$-wave interactions. As the disorder strength increases, the two-particle binding energy increases and the fermionic superfluidity of many particles disappears above a threshold. At a large Zeeman field, where the interatomic interaction behaves effectively like a $p$-wave interaction, the binding energy decreases with increasing disorder strength and the resulting topological superfluidity shows a much more robust stability against disorder than the conventional $s$-wave superfluidity. We also analyze the localization properties of the emergent Majorana fermions in the topological phase. Our results could be experimentally examined in future cold-atom experiments, where the spin-orbit coupling can be induced artificially by using two Raman lasers, and the quasi-periodic potential can be created by using bichromatic optical lattices.
Universal scaling for the spin-electricity conversion on surface states of topological insulators

We have investigated spin-electricity conversion on surface states of bulk-insulating topological insulator (TI) materials using a spin-pumping technique. The sample structure is Ni-$\mathrm{Fe}\ensuremath{\mid}\mathrm{Cu}\ensuremath{\mid}\mathrm{TI}$ trilayers, in which magnetic proximity effects on the TI surfaces are negligibly small owing to the inserted Cu layer. Voltage signals produced by the spin-electricity conversion are clearly observed and are enhanced with decreasing temperature, in line with the dominant surface transport at lower temperatures. The efficiency of the spin-electricity conversion is greater for TI samples with a higher resistivity of bulk states and longer mean free path of surface states, consistent with the surface spin-electricity conversion.
Effects of Physical Activity on Daily Physical Function in Chinese Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Longitudinal Study from CHARLS

Objective: Impaired daily physical function has become a common health problem among Chinese middle-aged and elderly people. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of physical activity on daily physical function in Chinese middle-aged and older adults. Methods: Data from 9056 participants in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) from 2011 to 2018 were included in this study. Physical activity levels were expressed as metabolic equivalents, and the impairment of daily physical function was determined in a self-reported format by the Activities of Daily Living Scale and the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale. The association between different levels of physical activity and impaired daily physical function was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results: During a mean follow-up period of 6.73 years, 1379 middle-aged and older adults had impaired physical function. After adjusting for all covariates, participants with a physical activity volume (PAV) ≥ 600 MET-minutes/week had a 61% lower risk of impaired daily physical function than those who were physically inactive (HR = 0.39, 95% CI 0.35–0.44). Participants with a PAV of 1800–2999 MET-minutes/week had the lowest risk of impaired daily physical function (HR = 0.33, 95% CI 0.26–0.42). Subgroup analysis showed that participants with a PAV ≥ 600 MET-minutes/week had a greater reduction in the risk of impaired daily physical function among participants who were male, older than or equal to 65 years, and without respiratory disease compared to participants who were physically inactive. Conclusions: This study showed that a PAV ≥ 600 MET-minutes/week could reduce the risk of impaired daily physical function in Chinese middle-aged and elderly people. However, a higher PAV is not better; a PAV in the range of 1800–2999 MET-minutes/week can be more effective in preventing daily physical function impairment in Chinese middle-aged and elderly people.
Unidentified galactic high-energy sources as ancient pulsar wind nebulae in the light of new high energy observations and the new code

In a Pulsar Wind Nebula (PWN), the lifetime of inverse Compton (IC) emitting e− exceeds the lifetime of its progenitor pulsar (as well as its shell-type remnant), but it also exceeds the age of those that emit via synchrotron radiation. Therefore, during its evolution, the PWN can remain bright in IC so that its GeV-TeV gamma-ray flux remains high for timescales much larger (for 105-106 yrs) than the pulsar lifetime and the X-ray PWN lifetime. In this scenario, the magnetic field in the cavity induced by the wind of the progenitor star plays a crucial role. This scenario is in line with the discovery of several unidentified or "dark" sources in the TeV gamma-ray band without X-ray counterparts; and it is also finding confirmation in the recent discoveries at GeV gamma rays. Moreover, these consequences could be also important for reinterpreting the detection of starburst galaxies in the TeV gamma-ray band when considering a leptonic origin of the gamma-ray signal. Both theoretical aspects and their observ.
Green tea (Camellia sinensis) aqueous extract improved human spermatozoa functions in vitro

Background: Idiopathic causes of infertility is associated with oxidative stress. Antioxidants are known to scavenge the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Green tea (Camellia sinensis) contains polyphenols that enhance its antioxidant potential.Aim: This study focused on the impact of aqueous green tea extract on normozoospermic human spermatozoa.Setting: Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape (UWC), South Africa.Methods: Semen samples obtained using masturbation method following three to five days of sexual abstinence from consenting men (n = 59) at the University of the Western Cape (UWC) were liquefied and analysed. Normozoospermic samples were selected according to the World Health Organization (WHO) 5th guideline. Thereafter, semen samples (7.5 × 106 /mL) were washed in human tubular fluid (HTF; 10 min at 300 ×g) and exposed to aqueous extracts of green tea (0 μg/mL, 0.4 μg/mL, 4 μg/mL, 40 μg/mL, 405 μg/mL) for 1 h with various sperm parameters analyzed. Human tubular fluid supplemented with bovine serum albumin (HTF-BSA; 10%) served as control.Results: Sperm motility, reactive oxygen species production, across some reaction and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragmentation decreased significantly, particularly at the highest concentration (405 μg/mL; p 0.001). A substantial increase in the percentage of viable spermatozoa and those with intact mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were observed (p 0.001). Conclusion: Aqueous extract of green tea prolonged sperm viability and MMP while reducing sperm intracellular ROS production, capacitation and across some reaction and DNA fragmentation, and may be attributed to its antioxidant potential. However, a high concentration of the extract appears to be detrimental to the functioning of human spermatozoa.
Tensorial characterization and quantum estimation of weakly entangled qubits

In the case of two qubits, standard entanglement monotones like the linear entropy fail to provide an ecient quantum estimation in the regime of weak entanglement. In this paper, a more ecient entanglement estimation, by means of a novel class of entanglement monotones, is proposed. Following an approach based on the geometric formulation of quantum mechanics, these entanglement monotones are dened by inner products on invariant tensor
Galactic magnetic deflections and Centaurus A as a UHECR source

We evaluate the validity of leading models of the Galactic magnetic field for predicting UHECR deflections from Cen A. The Jansson-Farrar 2012 GMF model (JF12), which includes striated and random components as well as an out-of-plane contribution to the regular field not considered in other models, gives by far the best fit globally to all-sky data including the WMAP7 22 GHz synchrotron emission maps for Q,? U? &? I and ? 40,000 extragalactic Rotation Measures (RMs). Here we test the models specifically in the Cen A region, using 160 well-measured RMs and the Polarized Intensity from WMAP, nearby but outside the Cen A radio lobes. The JF12 model predictions are in excellent agreement with the observations, justifying confidence in its predictions for deflections of UHECRs from Cen A. We find that up to six of the 69 Auger events above 55 EeV are consistent with originating in Cen A and being deflected ? 18? ; in this case three are protons and three have Z = 2? 4. Others of the 13 events within 18? must have another origin. In order for a random extragalactic magnetic field between Cen A and the Milky Way to appreciably alter these conclusions, its strength would have to be 80 nG ? far larger than normally imagined.
Four hot DOGs eaten up with the EVN

Hot dust-obscured galaxies (hot DOGs) are a rare class of hyperluminous infrared galaxies recently identified with the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) satellite. The majority of the ~1000-member all-sky population should be at high redshifts (z~2-3), at the peak of star formation in the history of the Universe. This class most likely represents a short phase during galaxy merging and evolution, a transition from starburst- to AGN-dominated phases. For the first time, we observed four hot DOGs with known mJy-level radio emission using the European VLBI Network (EVN) at 1.7 GHz, in a hope to find compact radio features characteristic to AGN activity. All four target sources are detected at ~15-30 mas angular resolution, confirming the presence of an active nucleus. The sources are spatially resolved, i.e. the flux density of the VLBI-detected components is smaller than the total flux density, suggesting that a fraction of the radio emission originates from larger-scale (partly starburst-related) activity. Here we show the preliminary results of our e-EVN observations made in 2014 February, and discuss WISE J1814+3412, an object with kpc-scale symmetric radio structure, in more detail.
High Sensitivity Planar Hall Effect Magnetic Field Gradiometer for Measurements in Millimeter Scale Environments

We report a specially designed magnetic field gradiometer based on a single elliptical planar Hall effect (PHE) sensor, which allows measuring magnetic field at nine different positions in a 4 mm length scale. The gradiometer detects magnetic field gradients with equivalent gradient magnetic noises of ∼958, ∼192, ∼51, and ∼26 nT/m√ Hz (pT/mm√Hz) at 0.1, 1, 10, and 50 Hz, respectively. The performance of the gradiometer is tested in ambient conditions by measuring the field gradient induced by electric currents driven in a long straight wire. This gradiometer is expected to be highly useful for the measurement of magnetic field gradients in confined areas for its small footprint, low noise, scalability, simple design, and low costs.
A statistical test on the reliability of the non-coevality of stars in binary systems

We develop a statistical test on the expected difference in age estimates of two coeval stars in detached double-lined eclipsing binary systems that are only caused by observational uncertainties. We focus on stars in the mass range [0.8; 1.6] Msun, and on stars in the main-sequence phase. The ages were obtained by means of the maximum-likelihood SCEPtER technique. The observational constraints used in the recovery procedure are stellar mass, radius, effective temperature, and metallicity [Fe/H]. We defined the statistic W computed as the ratio of the absolute difference of estimated ages for the two stars over the age of the older one. We determined the critical values of this statistics above which coevality can be rejected. The median expected difference in the reconstructed age between the coeval stars of a binary system -- caused alone by the observational uncertainties -- shows a strong dependence on the evolutionary stage. This ranges from about 20% for an evolved primary star to about 75% for a near ZAMS primary. The median difference also shows an increase with the mass of the primary star from 20% for 0.8 Msun stars to about 50% for 1.6 Msun stars. The reliability of these results was checked by repeating the process with a grid of stellar models computed by a different evolutionary code. We show that the W test is much more sensible to age differences in the binary system components than the alternative approach of comparing the confidence interval of the age of the two stars. We also found that the distribution of W is, for almost all the examined cases, well approximated by beta distributions. The proposed method improves upon the techniques that are commonly adopted for judging the coevality of an observed system. It also provides a result founded on reliable statistics that simultaneously accounts for all the observational uncertainties.
Brill-Noether loci for divisors on irregular varieties

For a projective variety X, a line bundle L on X and r a natural number we consider the r-th Brill-Noether locus W^r(L,X):={\eta\in Pic^0(X)|h^0(L+\eta)\geq r+1}: we describe its natural scheme structure and compute the Zariski tangent space. If X is a smooth surface of maximal Albanese dimension and C is a curve on X, we define a Brill-Noether number \rho(C, r) and we prove, under some mild additional assumptions, that if \rho(C, r) is non negative then W^r(C,X) is nonempty of dimension bigger or equal to \rho(C,r). As an application, we derive lower bounds for h^0(K_D) for a divisor D that moves linearly on a smooth projective variety X of maximal Albanese dimension and inequalities for the numerical invariants of curves that do not move linearly on a surface of maximal Albanese dimension.
Cohomology for almost Lie algebroids

We give numerous examples of almost Lie algebroids arising as Dirac structures in pre-Courant algebroids, e.g. from twisted Poisson structures, as well as from twisted actions of a Lie algebra. We moreover define a cohomology for them, motivated by a Q-structure, that is trivial for (bundles of) Lie algebras but characterizes the underlying integrable distribution the image of the anchor map.
Dry Matter Yield Stability Analysis of Maize Genotypes Grown in Al Toxic and Optimum Controlled Environments

Breeding for Al tolerance is the most sustainable strategy to reduce yield losses caused by Al toxicity in plants. The use of rapid, cheap and reliable testing methods and environments enables breeders to make quick selection decisions. The objectives of this study were to (i) identify high dry matter yielding and stable quality protein maize (QPM) lines grown under Al toxic and optimum conditions and (ii) compare the discriminating power of laboratory- and greenhouse-based testing environments. A total of 75 tropical QPM inbred lines were tested at seedling stage for dry matter yield and stability under optimum and Al toxic growing conditions across six laboratory- and greenhouse-based environments. The nutrient solution method was used for the laboratory trials, while the soil bioassay method was used for the greenhouse trials. A yield loss of 55% due to Al toxicity was observed, confirming the adverse effects of Al toxicity on maize productivity. The ANOVA revealed the presence of genetic variation among the set of genotypes used in this study, which can be exploited through plant breeding. Seventeen stable and high-yielding lines were identified and recommended. Greenhouse-based environments were more discriminating than laboratory environments. Therefore, we concluded that greenhouse environments are more informative than laboratory environments when testing genotypes for Al tolerance.
One-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model with pure three-body interactions

The extended Bose-Hubbard model with pure three-body local interactions is studied using the Density Matrix Renormalization Group approach. The shapes of the first two insulating lobes are discussed, and the values of the critical tunneling for which the system undergoes the quantum phase transition from insulating to superfluid phase are predicted. It is shown that stability of insulating phases, in contrast to the standard Bose-Hubbard model, is enhanced for larger fillings. It is also shown that, on the tip of the boundary of the insulating phase, the model under consideration belongs to the Berenzinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless universality class.
Exploiting Virus Infection to Protect Plants from Abiotic Stresses: Tomato Protection by a Begomovirus

Tomato cultivation is threatened by environmental stresses (e.g., heat, drought) and by viral infection (mainly viruses belonging to the tomato yellow leaf curl virus family—TYLCVs). Unlike many RNA viruses, TYLCV infection does not induce a hypersensitive response and cell death in tomato plants. To ensure a successful infection, TYLCV preserves a suitable cellular environment where it can reproduce. Infected plants experience a mild stress, undergo adaptation and become partially “ready” to exposure to other environmental stresses. Plant wilting and cessation of growth caused by heat and drought is suppressed by TYLCV infection, mainly by down-regulating the heat shock transcription factors, HSFA1, HSFA2, HSFB1 and consequently, the expression of HSF-regulated stress genes. In particular, TYLCV captures HSFA2 by inducing protein complexes and aggregates, thus attenuating an acute stress response, which otherwise causes plant death. Viral infection mitigates the increase in stress-induced metabolites, such as carbohydrates and amino acids, and leads to their reallocation from shoots to roots. Under high temperatures and water deficit, TYLCV induces plant cellular homeostasis, promoting host survival. Thus, this virus-plant interaction is beneficial for both partners.
Rankin-Selberg L-functions in cyclotomic towers, III

Let $\pi$ be a cuspidal automorphic representation of $\operatorname{GL}_2$ over a totally real number field $F$. Let $K$ be a quadratic extension of $F$. Fix a prime ideal of $F$, and consider the set $X$ of all finite-order Hecke characters of $K$ unramified outside of this prime. We consider averages of central values of the Rankin-Selberg $L$-functions $L(s, \pi \times \pi(\mathcal{W}))$, where $\mathcal{W}$ ranges over characters in $X$, and $\pi(\mathcal{W})$ denotes the representation of $\operatorname{GL}_2$ associated to a $\mathcal{W} \in X$. In particular, we estimate the averages over such characters $\mathcal{W} \in X$ which arise from Dirichlet characters after composition with the norm homomorphism from $K$ to the rational number field, and determine that these do not vanish when the conductor of $\mathcal{W}$ is sufficiently large. When the representation $\pi$ is assumed to be a holomorphic discrete series of weight greater than one, and also the quadratic extension $K/F$ is assumed to be totally imaginary, we can derive stronger results extending those of Rohrlich via either the algebraicity theorem of Shimura or else the existence of a related $p$-adic interpolation series. Thus our results also apply to show the nontriviality of various constructions of $p$-adic interpolation series that appear in the literature, which had previously only been conjectured.
Diabetes Complications and Related Comorbidities Impair the Accuracy of FreeStyle Libre, a Flash Continuous Glucose Monitoring System, in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Background Although flash continuous glucose monitoring systems (FCGM) accuracy has been extensively studied in diabetes, its accuracy is still not fully evaluated in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients in real-world settings. In the present study, we aim to assess the effects of diabetes complications and related comorbidities on FCGM accuracy in T2D patients with diabetes complications and related comorbidities in the real world. Methods FCGM data were collected at eight-time points daily (3 AM, 7 AM, 9 AM, 11 AM, 1 PM, 5 PM, 7 PM, and 9 PM) from 742 patients with T2D and compared with simultaneous fingertip capillary blood glucose (reference blood glucose, REF), and the difference was evaluated using Parkes error grid (PEG), surveillance error grid (SEG), and logistic regression analysis. Results In total, 25,579 FCGM/REF data pairs were included in the study. The FCGM values were lower than the paired REF values in 75% of the pairs. The maximum bias (−23.0%) and maximum mean absolute relative difference (24.5%) were observed at 3 AM among eight-time points. SEG analysis also demonstrated the highest percentage of paired readings in moderate and great risk zone (C and D) at 3 AM than PEG analysis (7.33% vs 0.43%, P<0.001). According to the SEG classification, hypoglycemia, infection, diabetic foot, diabetic ketoacidosis, and hypertension were independent risk factors that impaired FCGM accuracy in patients. Conclusion FCGM commonly underestimates blood glucose levels. Compared with PEG, SEG analysis seems more conducive to the analysis of FCGM performance. The present data highlights the impairment of diabetes complications and related comorbidities on the FCGM accuracy in T2D patients.
Time-optimal control fields for quantum systems with multiple avoided crossings

Fil: Poggi, Pablo Matias. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisica de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisica de Buenos Aires; Argentina