Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intensive care unit-acquired pneumonia caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae in China: Risk factors and prediction model of mortality

Intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired pneumonia (ICUAP) is a major concern owing to its associated high mortality rate. Few studies have focused on ICUAP caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP). This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for ICUAP-associated death due to KP and to develop a mortality prediction model. Patients with KP-associated ICUAP at Renji Hospital were enrolled from January 2012 to December 2017. The patients were registered from the ICU units of the Surgery, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Neurosurgery, Emergency and Geriatric Departments, and were followed for 30 days. A multivariate analysis was performed to analyze the differences between 30-day survivors and nonsurvivors, and to determine the independent risk factors. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were also used to determine the predictive power of the model. Among the 285 patients with KP-associated ICUAP, the median age was 70.55 years, and 61.6% were men. Fifty patients died. The nonsurvivors had a lower Glasgow coma score (GCS), platelet count, and albumin concentrations, but higher lactate concentrations, than the survivors. The nonsurvivors were also more likely to be admitted to the ICU for respiratory failure and surgery, and they received less appropriate empirical antimicrobial therapy than the survivors. A lower GCS (odds ratio [OR] = 0.836, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.770–0.907), lower albumin concentrations (OR = 0.836, 95% CI: 0.770–0.907), higher lactate concentrations (OR = 1.167, 95% CI: 1.0013–1.344) and inappropriate empirical treatment (OR = 2.559, 95% CI: 1.080–6.065) were independent risk factors for mortality in patients with KP-associated ICUAP. ROC curve analysis showed that the risk of death was higher in patients with 2 or more independent risk factors. The predictive model was effective, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.823 (95% CI: 0.773–0.865). The number of independent risk factors is positively correlated with the risk of death. Our model shows excellent predictive performance.
BEHAVIOR OF TWO EAST COAST STORMS, MARCH 13–24, 1958

During the period March 13-24, 1958, two major storms moved northeastward along the Atlantic coast with very similar evolution and development. Although both storms decelerated near New England, their subsequent behavior was quite different. The earlier storm weakened aa a secondary Low to its east intensified and moved into the central Atlantic Ocean. The following storm maintained its intensity after becoming stationary, and the weak secondary which formed to its east moved rapidly into the Atlantic Ocean. The weather associated with these two storms was typical of east coast developing Lows, with heavy precipitation and snow accumulations causing severe economic losses as transportation, power, and telephone services were disrupted. Other Monthly Weather Review articles [2, 5, 141 have dealt with various aspects of the formation and deepening of east coast Lows; the authors will investigate here some of the causes for the differences in the post-development behavior of these two storms. The charts shown in the illustrations are the operational ones used in the National Weather Analysis Center.
Machine Learning in Tremor Analysis: Critique and Directions

Tremor is the most frequent human movement disorder, and its diagnosis is based on clinical assessment. Yet finding the accurate clinical diagnosis is not always straightforward. Fine‐tuning of clinical diagnostic criteria over the past few decades, as well as device‐based qualitative analysis, has resulted in incremental improvements to diagnostic accuracy. Accelerometric assessments are commonplace, enabling clinicians to capture high‐resolution oscillatory properties of tremor, which recently have been the focus of various machine‐learning (ML) studies. In this context, the application of ML models to accelerometric recordings provides the potential for less‐biased classification and quantification of tremor disorders. However, if implemented incorrectly, ML can result in spurious or nongeneralizable results and misguided conclusions. This work summarizes and highlights recent developments in ML tools for tremor research, with a focus on supervised ML. We aim to highlight the opportunities and limitations of such approaches and provide future directions while simultaneously guiding the reader through the process of applying ML to analyze tremor data. We identify the need for the movement disorder community to take a more proactive role in the application of these novel analytical technologies, which so far have been predominantly pursued by the engineering and data analysis field. Ultimately, big‐data approaches offer the possibility to identify generalizable patterns but warrant meaningful translation into clinical practice. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Respiratory syncytial virus infection and the need for immunization in Korea

ABSTRACT Introduction Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is one of the most common causes of acute respiratory tract infections in young children and the elderly. Infants and young children aged <2 years and the elderly are at particular risk of severe infections requiring hospitalization. Areas covered This narrative review summarizes the epidemiology of RSV infection in Korea, with a particular focus on infants and the elderly, where possible, and highlights the need for effective vaccinations against RSV. Relevant papers were identified from a search of PubMed up to December 2021. Expert opinion RSV infection is associated with a significant burden of illness in infants and the elderly worldwide and accounts for a substantial number of hospital admissions due to severe lower respiratory tract infections in both of these age groups in Korea. Vaccination has the potential to reduce the burden of acute RSV-associated disease and long-term consequences such as asthma. Increased understanding of the immune response to RSV, including mucosal immunity, and the innate and adaptive immune responses is needed. Technological advances in vaccine platforms could provide better approaches for achieving a safe and effective vaccine-induced immune response.
Multiple-harmonic conversion of 1064 nm radiation in rare gases

The authors report the observation of very-high-order odd harmonics of Nd:YAG laser radiation in rare gases at an intensity of about 1013 W cm-2. Harmonic light as high as the 33rd harmonic in the XUV range (32.2 nm) is generated in argon. The key point is that the harmonic intensity falls slowly beyond the fifth harmonic as the order increases. Finally, a UV continuum, beginning at 350 nm and extending down towards the short wavelength region is apparent in xenon.
X-Band Polarimetric and Ka-Band Doppler Spectral Radar Observations of a Graupel-Producing Arctic Mixed-Phase Cloud

AbstractCharacteristics of graupel in an Arctic deep mixed-phase cloud on 7 December 2013 were identified with observations from an X-band scanning polarimetric radar and a Ka-band zenith-pointing radar in conjunction with scattering calculations. The cloud system produced generating cells and strongly sheared precipitation fall streaks. The X-band radar hemispheric RHI observables revealed spatial sorting of polarimetric signatures: decreasing (with increasing range) differential propagation phase shift φDP, negative specific differential phase KDP collocated with negative differential reflectivity ZDR in the upper half of the fall streak, and increasing or near-constant φDP with positive ZDR at the bottom edge of the fall streak. The negative KDP and ZDR, indicating prolate particles with vertically oriented maximum dimensions, were consistent with small, slow-falling conical graupel coexisting with low concentrations of more isometric graupel. The observed negative KDP values were best matched by scatt.
CLINICAL DIAGNOSES FOLLOWING ZIPF'S LAW

We examine the statistical properties of data relating to clinical diagnoses extracted from the medical database of our hospital. Specifically, we analyze all diagnoses given to all patients (in- and out-patients). The data consisted of both data input to to computers as Japanese names, and the data input ICD10 (International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision). We adapted the Zipf approach to analyzing the frequencies of clinical diagnoses for these two data groups. We found that both group types have the inverse-power relationship between the rank order of diagnoses and the frequency of the appearance of these diagnoses. (This relationship is called Zipf's law, which is observed in natural language.) Though the reason why these sets follow Zipf's law is unknown, we speculate that the complex interaction between doctor and patient is the cause for adherence to Zipf's law.
Extended-space control design with parameter-dependent Lyapunov functions

This paper addresses a new framework of control design in which controllers are designed in extended spaces rather than in those spaces where the design problems were originally given. The inverse use of the "elimination lemma" can explore this framework and allows us to use parameter-dependent Lyapunov functions. For continuous-time systems, multi-objective control, robust control against polytopic uncertainties and gain-scheduled control for linear parameter-varying systems are considered. An illustrated example is included.
Neuro death through autophagy via the acetylation of FoxO1 by SIRT2 in the hippocampus of mice in a autism spectrum disorder mice model

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a series of complex neurodevelopmental disorders, which can affect children's social, behavioral and communication abilities. A member of the Sirtuins family of NAD + dependent deacetylases called SIRT2 could regulate the inflammation progress during stress, but the relevant mechanism has not been clearly defined. In the present study, the ASD model of wild type and SIRT2 knock out mice was established to evaluate the impact on the homeostasis of neurons in the hippocampus using western blotting, immunofluorescence and Nissl staining. The results showed that the amplification of neuronal richness was significantly decreased and neuroinflammation increased in the hippocampus following ASD due to autophagy, caused by enhancing the acetylation of FoxO1 using SIRT2 gene deletion and indicating this should be the target for ASD or other psychological stress treatment.
Time‐reversal using ambient noise as a probe source

The Green’s function between receivers in the ocean can be obtained from the temporal cross correlation of ambient noise measured simultaneously at those receivers [Ph. Roux, S. Lynch, W. A. Kuperman, and the NPAL Group, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 112, 2421 (2002)]. Constructing the Green’s function similarly between a point receiver and an (source/receive) array from ambient noise creates, in effect, a surrogate probe source that provides data on a time reversal mirror. We show with theory and simulation that this noise‐based time‐reversal procedure results in a focus at the surrogate probe source. Finally, data are used to illustrate the feasibility of this process.
Does menopause elevate the risk for developing depression and anxiety? Results from a systematic review

Objective To determine whether menopause elevates the risk for developing diagnostic depression and anxiety. Menopause-associated vasomotor symptoms such as insomnia and hot flushes are well recognized, but no systematic review of the psychological consequences of menopause has been undertaken. Menopause can be a time of social change for women, confounding any correlation. Methods Using PRISMA methodology, we conducted a systematic review of all published (in English) original data examining a relationship between menopause and depression and anxiety. We ranked the quality of all included studies using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria. Results Twenty-two selected studies were summarized and compared, being eight cross-sectional surveys; one retrospective cohort, and 13 prospective cohort studies. Depression and anxiety are common during menopause and the post-menopause, with vasomotor symptoms and a prior history of major depression elevating risk of menopausal associated depression. Psychosocial factors also may increase risk of depression during menopause. Conclusions Menopause increases vulnerability to depression and anxiety, perhaps via estrogen fluctuations affecting serotonin and GABA. Underlying neuroticism and contemporaneous adverse life events are also risk factors for menopausal decompensation with depression.
A complete theoretical framework for inferring horizontal gene transfers using partial order sets

We present a method for detecting horizontal gene transfer (HGT) using partial orders (posets). The method requires a poset for each species/gene pair, where we have a set of species S, and a set of genes G. Given the posets, the method constructs a phylogenetic tree that is compatible with the set of posets; this is done for each gene. Also, the set of posets can be derived from the tree. The trees constructed for each gene are then compared and tested for contradicting information, where a contradiction suggests HGT.
A more direct measure of supernova rates in starburst galaxies

We determine ages for young supernova remnants in the starburst galaxies M82 and NGC 253 by applying Chevalier's model for radio emission from supernova blast waves expanding into the ejecta of their precursor stars. Absolute ages are determined by calibrating the model with radio observations of Cas A. We derive supernova rates of 0.10 and 0.08/yr for M82 and NGC 253, respectively. Assuming L (sub FIR) to be proportional to the supernova rate, we find r(sub SN) approximately equal 2 x 10(exp -12) x L(sub FIR), solar yr(exp -1) for these archetypal starburst galaxies. This approach is unique in that the supernova rate is derived from direct observation of supernova remnants rather than from star formation rates and an assumed initial mass function (IMF). We suggest that the approach presented here can be used to derive star-formation rates that are more directly related to observable quantities than those derived by other methods. We find that the supernova rate, far infrared (FIR) luminosity, and dynamical mass of the M82 starburst place few constraints on the initial mass function (IMF) slope and mass limits.
Multidimensional virtual screening approaches combined with drug repurposing to identify potential covalent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease

Abstract The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused an unprecedented global pandemic, and new cases are still on the rise due to the absence of effective medicines. However, developing new drugs within a short time is extremely difficult. Repurposing the existing drugs provides a fast and effective strategy to identify promising inhibitors. Here we focus on the screening of drugs database for discovering potential covalent inhibitors that target 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro), an essential enzyme mediating viral replication and transcription. Firstly, we constructed a receptor-ligand pharmacophore model and verified it through decoy set. The importance of pharmacophore features was evaluated by combining molecular dynamics simulation with interaction analyses. Then, covalent docking was used to perform further screening. According to docking score and Prime/Molecular Mechanics Generalized Born Surface Area (MM-GBSA) score, total ten compounds obtained good scores and successfully established covalent bonds with the catalytic Cys145 residue. They also formed favorable interactions with key residues in active sites and closely integrated with 3CLpro with binding modes similar to known 3CLpro inhibitor. Finally, the top four hits DB08732, DB04653, DB01871 and DB07299 were further subjected to 100 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and MM-GBSA binding free energy calculations. The results suggest that the four candidates show good binding affinities for 3CLpro, which warrants further evaluation for their in-vitro/in-vivo activities. Overall, our research methods provide a valuable reference for discovering promising inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 and help to fight against the epidemic. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
Investigation of the skin effect in the bulk of electrical conductors with spin-polarized neutron radiography

The skin effect in the bulk of an electrical conductor, i.e., the displacement of the current density from the inner part to the edges of a conductor, was investigated with spatial resolution using spin-polarized neutron imaging. Different current frequencies from 10 to 1000 Hz were applied to a sample. At each frequency the current distribution was analyzed and the influence of the electrical contacts was investigated. The experimental findings are in qualitative agreement with theoretical predictions and prove the suitability of spin-polarized neutron imaging as a unique tool for investigations of current density distributions in bulk materials in general.
Torus Invariants of the Homogeneous Coordinate Ring of G/B – Connection with Coxeter Elements

In this article, we prove that for any indecomposable dominant character χ of a maximal torus T of a simple adjoint group G over ℂ such that there is a Coxeter element w in the Weyl group W for which , the graded algebra is a polynomial ring if and only if dim(H 0(G/B, ℒχ) T ) ≤rank of G. We also prove that the coordinate ring ℂ[𝔥] of the cartan subalgebra 𝔥 of the Lie algebra 𝔤 of G and are isomorphic if and only if is nonempty for some coxeter element w in W, where α0 denotes the highest long root.
Morbidity and mortality after adolescent eating disorders requiring inpatient care

Abstract Purpose This retrospective study utilized comprehensive Finnish national register data to examine the course and mortality of eating disorders among Finnish adolescent inpatients. Methods The study population (N = 17,112) comprised of all subjects admitted for the first time to psychiatric hospital care at age 13–17 in 1980–2010. In 10-year follow-up, morbidity and mortality were compared between those admitted for eating disorders (ED group) and other psychiatric patients (non-ED group). Results Of the study population, 1081 were ED patients (1031 female and 50 male). Mean age was 15 (SD = 1) in both ED and non-ED groups, and the mean follow-up time was 7.7 (SD = 2.2) and 8.4 years (SD = 2.1), respectively. Over 50% of the patients had readmissions during follow-up, the ED group having a higher risk for readmissions. Crude mortality rate (CMR) was 1.5 in the ED group and 2.9 in the non-ED group. Suicide was the most common cause of death: 43.8% in the ED group vs. 52.9% in the non-ED group (p = .28). In multivariate analyses, ED at index admission predicted rehospitalizations but, compared to other disorders, was not associated with increased mortality. Conclusion In the ED group, psychiatric readmissions were more common, but in contrast to earlier reports, mortality was not higher than in other psychiatric disorders. The subjects were treated in specialized adolescent psychiatric services. The prognosis of adolescent onset EDs may improve when treatment is developmentally sensitive.
Conformational dynamics of A30G α-synuclein that causes familial Parkinson disease

Abstract The first gene shown to be responsible for autosomal-dominant Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the SNCA gene, which encodes for alpha synuclein (α-Syn). Recently, a novel heterozygous A30G mutation of the SNCA gene associated with familial PD has been reported. However, little research has been done on how the A30G mutation affects the structure of α-Syn. So, using atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, we demonstrate here the key structural characteristics of A30G α-Syn in the free monomer form and membrane associated state. From the MD trajectory analysis, the structure of A30G α-Syn was noticed to exhibit rapid conformational change, increase in backbone flexibility near the site of mutation and decrease in α-helical propensity. The typical torsion angles in residues (Val26 and Glu28) near the mutation site were observed to deviate significantly in A30G α-Syn. In the case of membrane bound A30G α-Syn, the regions that were submerged in the lipid bilayer (N-helix (3-37) and turn region (38-44)) found to contain higher helical content than the elevated region above the lipid surface. The bending angle in the helix-N and helix-C regions were noticed to be relatively higher in the free form of A30G α-Syn (38.50) than in the membrane bound form (370). The A30G mutation in α-Syn was predicted to have an impact on the stability and function of the protein based on ΔΔG values obtained from the online servers. Our results demonstrate that the A30G mutation in α-Syn altered the protein’s α-helical structure and slightly altered the membrane binding. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
Prevention of Thelazia callipaeda Reinfection among Humans

Thelazia callipaeda is a zoonotic vector-borne nematode that infects and causes eye disease among a wide range of domestic and wild mammals, including humans. We describe an unusual case of reinfection by this nematode in Serbia and call for a focus on preventive measures in endemic areas.
High energy electron beams shaped with applied magnetic fields could provide a competitive and cost‐effective alternative to proton and heavy‐ion radiotherapy

Suggestions for topics suitable for these Point/Counterpoint debates should be addressed to the Moderator: William R. Hendee, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee: whendee@mcw.edu. Persons participating in Point/Counterpoint discussions are selected for their knowledge and communicative skill. Their positions for or against a proposition may or may not reflect their personal opinions or the positions of their employers.
Can clinician’s risk assessments distinguish those who disclose suicidal ideation from those who attempt suicide?

Abstract Participants were 85 individuals who made suicide attempts within two years of their Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) assessment, identified using record linkage. Two comparison groups, non-suicidal controls (n = 1416) and (ideators, n = 743) were compared on variables extracted from the standardized IAPT risk assessment interview. Disclosure of a historical suicide attempt or non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) distinguished those making an attempt from those with suicidal ideation only, but suicidal intent did not. A third of the participants concealed a historical suicide attempt. The IAPT Phobia Scale classified 49.30% of attempters with 100% specificity. The IAPT Phobia Scale may have clinical value in assessing risk but requires validation. Past suicide attempt and NSSI have better clinical risk assessment utility than current suicidal ideation intensity. Risk assessment relying on disclosure is likely to be flawed and risks support being withheld from those assumed to be at lower risk.