Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FiMO: Inferring the Temporal Order of Mutations on Clonal Phylogeny under Finite-sites Models

Determining the temporal order of somatic mutations that drives cancer progression is essential for understanding the intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH) and designing personalized therapy. Recently emerged single-cell DNA sequencing (SCS) technologies provide high-resolution datasets suitable for elucidating the temporal order of mutation. However, this task is challenged by technical artifacts associated with single-cell sequencing. While computational methods have been developed to account for these errors, these methods rely on using infinite sites assumption which gets violated in human cancers due to deletion, loss of heterozygosity and parallel mutations. Here, we propose a novel method FiMO, which employs a Bayesian frameowrk for inferring the temporal order of somatic mutations from noisy SCS mutational profiles under tumor evolutionary models that account for mutation recurrence and losses. Using synthetic datasets generated under a wide variety of settings, we show that FiMO outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in inferring the temporal order of mutations. We also applied FiMO on two experimental colon cancer datasets for inferring the temporal order of somatic mutations and quantifying their posterior probability. FiMO is publicly available at https://github.com/aveshag/FiMO.
Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistor Based 4-Bit Full Adder Cell

Addition is considered as the basic operation for every digital circuit or system, digital signal processing and control system. The fast and accurate operation of any digital system is mainly influenced by th e performance of its resident adders. In this paper a 4 bit full adder is pro posed using carbon nanotube field effect transistor which is energy efficient, operates at high speed and low voltage and consumes ultra low power. The full adder cell is designedusing 48 transistors. The proposed technique has been examined at voltage 0.8V. The simulation results taken on HSPICE show that this module has given more than 42% in power savings over conventional Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) adder and 56% is faster.
Underwater Image Restoration with a Complementary Haar Wavelet Transform Restoration and an Ensemble of Triple Elite Correction Algorithms using Bootstrap Aggregation and Random Forests

This paper presents both a new strategy for traditional underwater image restoration using Haar wavelet transform as well as a new learned model that generates an ensemble of triple elite correction algorithm labels based on histogram quadrants’ cumulative distribution feature instead of generating pixel intensities. The Haar wavelet transform is applied on the input image and its contrast stretched image to generate the degraded wavelet coefficients which are refined using Gaussian pyramid of the saliency weights to restore the original image. The ensemble of triple corrections exerts three elite color correction algorithms sequentially on the degraded image for restoration. The ensemble of algorithms covers red channel mean shifting, global RGB adaptation, global luminance adaptation, global saturation adaptation, luminance stretching, saturation stretching, contrast stretching, adaptive Gamma correction for red spectrum, even to odd middle intensity transference using look-up table, green to red spectrum transference using histogram equalization, local brightening, Dark Channel Prior (DCP), fusion restoration, and our Haar wavelet transform restoration. The source is available at https://github.com/vahidr213/Underwater-Image-Restoration-And-Enhancement-Collection
The strategic management of manufacturing networks

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is twofold; first, to investigate whether the manufacturing specializations of network plants fulfilling similar strategic plant roles (Ferdows, 1997) are common in type. Second, to examine current strategic manufacturing network management practice and develop a map of this process. Design/methodology/approach – Three multisite manufacturing businesses participated in this case research. The first phase of the study consisted of an initial visit made to the headquarters of each firm to be briefed on its manufacturing network strategy and to collect company manufacturing performance data. Visits were then made to 11 network plants to collect site manufacturing performance data and to research the manufacturing specialization of each site and the degree of autonomy of its management team. The second phase of the research comprised a number of additional visits to the headquarters of one of the three case study firms to investigate the process employed to downsize its exi.
Possibilities in concrete industry towards circular economy through industrial symbiosis

Major challenges of traditional linear concrete industry are utilisation of large amount of non-renewable resources and significant air emissions during production, utilisation and demolition of concrete structures. At the same time, concrete industry has a high potential for a positive shift towards more sustainable production and lower ecological footprint. One of the strategies is to use waste materials and byproducts from other industries as valuable raw materials in concrete industry. This loop can be closed only by taking into account properties of a certain waste material and using them for preparation of special purpose concrete products, in which these properties are favourable. Other strategy is designing concrete tailored for certain environment and service life, making it optimised for that specific purpose. The paper presents some of the available waste and recycled materials in Croatia and research focused on their potential application in civil engineering. The possibilities of utilisation are first explored in laboratory conditions, with the results presented in this paper as an outcome. Based on the obtained results some of the potential areas of application are proposed, in which concrete prepared with these waste materials becomes alternative to classical concrete. Both original scientific research results are presented, but also prototype of products produced based on the scientific research.
Correlates of English Immersion Program: A Study of Academic Performance and Gender Differences among ESL Chinese Students

Wenzhou-Kean University (WKU), a Sino-US Cooperative University in China, adopts the English Immersion Program across curricular programs. Perceived positive influences on students’ learning of this instructional model remain scarce. Hence, this paper aimed to determine the correlation between the English Immersion Program, Academic Performance, and Gender among Chinese-ESL students at WKU. Convenience, random, and snowball sampling of 283 students, a response rate of 10.5%, were applied to represent the WKU student population. Descriptive-correlational design for data analysis was used in this cross-sectional research project. Conclusively, findings revealed a significant strong positive relationship between course type, immersion location, instructional design, and academic performance. Course length and academic performance showed a significant moderate positive relationship. Gender and English Language Learning significantly differ. Male students hold higher perceptions of their writing skills and knowledge mastery in learning efficiency. Other indicators do not. Interestingly, findings showed no significant difference in students’ subjective assessment in their listening, reading, and writing skills in comparison to the objective assessments provided by external institutions.
The Design of a New Double Loop Controller For Simultaneous Adjustment of Input and Output Voltages of Single-Phase Grid-Connected Inverter

Although LCL filters are used widely in the grid connected inverters to reduce high-order harmonics, such a system increases system order and therefore sustainable design of closed-loop controller system will be complicated. Recently, the single-loop control strategy has been suggested for L or LC filter based grid-connected inverters. However, the use of single-loop control directly in LCL filter-based inverters may cause instability. In this paper, a new doubleloop control strategy is presented which includes a voltage external loop and an internal loop of filter capacitor current. The external loop controls the input voltage of the grid-connected inverter. The internal loop improves system stability margin and removes the resonance of LCL filter. To obtain the transfer function of system, single-phase instantaneous power theory is used. The computer simulation has proved the feasibility of the proposed control.
The Relationship between Renewable Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Azerbaijan

This article examines the causal relationship between renewable energy consumption and economic growth in case of Azerbaijan using annual data from 1992 to 2015. The Toda-Yamamoto causality test framework of vector autoregressive (VAR) model is utilized to test causal relationship between the variables. The results of this test reveal that there is unidirectional causality running from economic growth to renewable energy consumption. The study's findings might be a helpful tool for Azerbaijani policymakers and oil-rich economies to make renewable energy-related policy decisions.
A Systematic Approach For Developing Modular Rehabilitation Products For Facilitating Better Strength Recovery With Focus On Stroke Patients

ii Acknowledgments. iii List of Figures.vii Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 1.1 Problem Statement . 1 1.2 Need for Study . 2 1.3 Objective of Study. 3 1.4 Definition of Key Terms . 4 1.5 Assumption of Study . 6 1.6 Scope and Limits of Study . 6 1.7 Procedures and Methods . 7 1.8 Anticipated Outcome . 9 Chapter 2: Literature Review . 10 2.1 Overview . 10 2.2 Characteristics of Stroke Patients . 11 2.3 Rehabilitation Exercises Movement Creation. 12 2.4 Types of Synovial Joints and Joint Principal Analysis . 13 2.4. 1 Hinge Joint Movement.15 2.4. 1.1 Mechanical Motion Analysis of Hinge Joint Movement.15
Automatic Calibration Method for Airborne LiDAR Systems Based on Approximate Corresponding Points Model

The calibration of the light detection and ranging (LiDAR) system is critical to ensure the accuracy of point data. In this paper, the lever-arm measurement of airborne LiDAR system (ALS) was realized by photogrammetry. An automatic iterative boresight calibration method based on approximate corresponding points (CPs) matching was proposed to correct the boresight misalignment. It was based on iterative closest point (ICP) registration algorithm with a normal space sampling strategy, and approximate CPs were obtained by establishing filter rules. The experimental results showed that the absolute accuracy of the calibrated ALS reached 7.13 cm when the flight altitude was 100 m, meeting the accuracy requirements.
Pieces in a global puzzle: Population genetics at two whale shark aggregations in the western Indian Ocean

Abstract The whale shark Rhincodon typus is found throughout the world's tropical and warm‐temperate ocean basins. Despite their broad physical distribution, research on the species has been concentrated at a few aggregation sites. Comparing DNA sequences from sharks at different sites can provide a demographically neutral understanding of the whale shark's global ecology. Here, we created genetic profiles for 84 whale sharks from the Saudi Arabian Red Sea and 72 individuals from the coast of Tanzania using a combination of microsatellite and mitochondrial sequences. These two sites, separated by approximately 4500 km (shortest over‐water distance), exhibit markedly different population demographics and behavioral ecologies. Eleven microsatellite DNA markers revealed that the two aggregation sites have similar levels of allelic richness and appear to be derived from the same source population. We sequenced the mitochondrial control region to produce multiple global haplotype networks (based on different alignment methodologies) that were broadly similar to each other in terms of population structure but suggested different demographic histories. Data from both microsatellite and mitochondrial markers demonstrated the stability of genetic diversity within the Saudi Arabian aggregation site throughout the sampling period. These results contrast previously measured declines in diversity at Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia. Mapping the geographic distribution of whale shark lineages provides insight into the species’ connectivity and can be used to direct management efforts at both local and global scales. Similarly, understanding historical fluctuations in whale shark abundance provides a baseline by which to assess current trends. Continued development of new sequencing methods and the incorporation of genomic data could lead to considerable advances in the scientific understanding of whale shark population ecology and corresponding improvements to conservation policy.
Electric Sense based Pose Estimation and Localization for Small Underwater Robots

Accurate pose estimation and localization technology is always a challenge for small underwater robots, since the underwater lighting conditions could limit the use of cameras while the cramped environments restrict the use of sonars. In nature, some fishes perceive other creatures by sensing the weakly changes in their environmental electric field. Inspired by such passive electric sense behavior in fish, this paper presents an electro-localization scheme based on passive electric sense for short-distance accurate pose estimation and localization of small underwater robots. Our scheme includes a hardware solution to the electric sense and an estimation algorithm. Specifically, first, we design a hardware solution including an electric emitter placed in the underwater environment and an electric receiver that can be carried by a small underwater robot. Then we construct the theoretical model of the electric field generated by our designed hardware. Finally, we propose an electric sense based algorithm to estimate the position and orientation of the free-swimming robot, where a particle filter is utilized to combine the odometer and electric sense while the dynamic model of the robot is also included. Localization experiments for the small underwater robot equipped with the electric receiver are conducted, and the experimental results demonstrate the robustness and effectiveness of our proposed electric sense based pose estimation approach, especially in position estimation.
Investigating the effects of different levels of guidance in inquiry-based hands-on and virtual science laboratories

ABSTRACT Inquiry-based learning can be an effective approach when students are provided with sufficient guidance. However, there is an ongoing debate among practitioners about the nature, type, and level of such guidance. This study investigated the effects on middle school students’ (N = 116) conceptual knowledge and inquiry skills acquisition of providing two different levels of guidance (support or direct presentation of information related to the inquiry process) in hands-on and virtual science laboratories on the topic of electricity. The study was based on a 2 × 2 between-subjects factorial quasi-experimental design. The effects of two different levels of guidance combined with either a hands-on or a virtual laboratory were examined. Findings revealed that although the level of guidance was important for students’ conceptual knowledge development, it had no significant impact on their acquisition of inquiry skills. In terms of laboratory environments, it appears that a virtual laboratory and a hands-on laboratory are equally effective for the development of middle school students’ conceptual knowledge and inquiry skills.
Target-Oriented SAR Imaging for SCR improvement via Deep MF-ADMM-Net

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is an important means for target surveillance through reconstructing the microwave image of the observation area. However, under the condition of low signal-to-clutter ratio (SCR), such as a strong sea clutter situation, it is difficult to surveil targets from SAR images acquired by the traditional matched filter-based imaging methods. To improve the target surveillance performance of SAR, this article proposes a target-oriented SAR imaging method, which can enhance the desired target and improve the SCR in the reconstructed SAR images. By separating the target area from the clutter area, we firstly establish a target-oriented SAR imaging model, where the generalized regularization is used to characterize the features of the target, contributing to the improvement of SCR in the reconstructed image. Then, the imaging model is solved through a deep network, MF-ADMM-Net, which is obtained by unfolding an Alternating Direction Method Of Multipliers (ADMM)-based iterative solution. In addition, the training strategy is formulated with the consideration of complex values. Experiments are conducted to verify the performance of image reconstruction and SCR improvement of the proposed method, and comparisons show the superiority of MF-ADMM-Net in effect and efficiency.
The Role of Macronutrients, Micronutrients and Flavonoid Polyphenols in the Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is considered an age-related disorder of the skeletal system, characterized primarily by decreased bone mineral density (BMD), microstructural quality and an elevated risk of fragility fractures. This silent disease is increasingly becoming a global epidemic due to an aging population and longer life expectancy. It is known that nutrition and physical activity play an important role in skeletal health, both in achieving the highest BMD and in maintaining bone health. In this review, the role of macronutrients (proteins, lipids, carbohydrates), micronutrients (minerals—calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, as well as vitamins—D, C, K) and flavonoid polyphenols (quercetin, rutin, luteolin, kaempferol, naringin) which appear to be essential for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, are characterized. Moreover, the importance of various naturally available nutrients, whether in the diet or in food supplements, is emphasized. In addition to pharmacotherapy, the basis of osteoporosis prevention is a healthy diet rich mainly in fruits, vegetables, seafood and fish oil supplements, specific dairy products, containing a sufficient amount of all aforementioned nutritional substances along with regular physical activity. The effect of diet alone in this context may depend on an individual’s genotype, gene-diet interactions or the composition and function of the gut microbiota.
Compact microstrip wideband bandpass filter with high selectivity

A new microstrip wideband bandpass filter with compact size and high selectivity is presented. Originated from conventional two-stage parallel coupled-line prototype, modified parallel coupled-line structure is proposed to obtain high selectivity with inherent transmission zeros nearby the passband. Centring at 2.5 GHz, the realised wideband filter exhibits a 3 dB fractional bandwidth of 54.4% with finite transmission zeros. Furthermore, the filter features with nice in-band performance, and sharp out-of-band rejection. Experimental results are in good agreement with the simulated results.
Tracking and political engagement: an investigation of the mechanisms driving the effect of educational tracking on voting intentions among upper secondary students in France

ABSTRACT Many scholars argue that the practice of educational tracking exerts a distinct effect on young people’s political engagement. They point out that students in academic tracks are becoming more politically engaged than those than those in vocational ones, and suggest that this may be due to differences across tracks in the curriculum, pedagogy, peer environment or student self-confidence. The current paper aims to investigate whether tracking is related to political engagement through any of these four mechanisms. It uses survey data collected among students in the final year of upper secondary education in France and employs a stepwise multilevel analysis to explore this question. It finds little differences between tracks in the curriculum and in pedagogy relevant for political engagement. Students in academic tracks nonetheless express a stronger commitment to vote than those in vocational ones. This difference between tracks disappears when the social composition of the school population is taken into account, suggesting that the peer environment is the primary mechanism driving the effect of tracking in France. However, in contexts with greater variation between the tracks in curriculum and pedagogy, the latter may well be equally or more important mechanisms.
ANÁLISE DOS USOS DE ORAÇÕES INICIADAS POR [SÓ QUE] NO PORTUGUÊS BRASILEIRO

Este artigo tem como objetivo geral discutir os usos de orações com [só que] a partir dos pressupostos teóricos da Linguística (Funcional) Centrada no Uso, abordagem que considera aspectos sociais, pragmáticos, cognitivos e estruturais em suas análises. Os dados da pesquisa foram coletados a partir do Corpus Discurso & Gramática e foram analisados a partir de três fatores: modalidades (fala ou escrita), graus de escolaridade e papéis discursivos. Os resultados demonstram que o uso mais frequente ocorre na modalidade oral de falantes do (antigo) 1º. Grau e que a construção é multifuncional, contribuindo para expressar quebra de expectativas, ênfase, progressão textual, dentre outras funções.
Evaluating Potential Distribution and Niche Divergence among Populations of the World’s Largest Living Damselfly, Megaloprepus caerulatus (Drury, 1782)

Megaloprepus caerulatus is a Neotropical species with a highly specialised niche, found from Mexico to Bolivia, primarily in mature tropical forests lower than 1500 masl. It is also the damselfly with the largest wingspan in the world. Recent studies found strong genetic isolation among populations of M. caerulatus. Further studies found genetic and morphological divergence, but ecological divergence was not tested. Here, we test for ecological divergence by evaluating niche differences among populations of M. caerulatus in Los Tuxtlas (Mexico), Corcovado (Costa Rica), Barro Colorado (Panama), and La Selva (Costa Rica). We used Ecological Niche Modelling (ENM) to compare potential distribution ranges, and we estimated the breadth and overlap of the ecological niche using equivalence and similarity tests. The potential distributions estimated with ENM were heavily fragmented and we found no geographic overlap of potential distributions among populations. However, we found geographic correspondence between populations with a close phylogenetic relationship. Even though all similarity tests were non-significant, the results of the equivalence tests suggest niche divergence between Corcovado and the other three populations, but also between Barro Colorado (Panama) and La Selva. These results show evidence of strong ecological divergence in Corcovado and Barro Colorado populations.