Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trace element and isotopic geochemistry of lavas from Haleakala Volcano, east Maui, Hawaii: Implications for the origin of Hawaiian basalts

Haleakala volcano on East Maui, Hawaii, consists of a tholeiitic basalt shield which grades into a younger alkalic series that was followed by a posterosional alkalic series. Tholeiitic, transitional, and alkalic basalts range widely in Sr and Nd isotopic ratios (from mid-ocean ridge basalt to bulk earth ratios) and incompatible element (P, K, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, REE, Hf, Ta, and Th) abundances, but isotopic ratios and incompatible element abundance ratios (e.g., Ba/La, Nb/La, La/Ce, La/Sm) vary systematically with age. The youngest series (posterosional alkalic lavas) has the highest Rb/Sr, Ba/La, Nb/La, La/Ce, and 143Nd/144Nd ratios and the lowest 87sr/86sr ratios, whereas the oldest series (dominantly tholeiitic basalts) has the lowest Rb/Sr, Ba/La, Nb/La, La/Ce, and 143Nd/144Nd ratios and the highest 87sr/86sr ratios. The most striking features of the trace element and isotopic data are the inverse correlations between isotopic ratios and parent/daughter abundance ratios in the Sr and Nd systems. Although some of the geochemical variations can be explained by shallow level fractional crystallization (e.g., alkali basalt to mugearite [Chen et al., 1984, and manuscript in preparation, 1985]), the temporal geochemical trends require a major role for mixing. We propose a model in which melts from a diaper interact with incipient melts of its wall rocks, presumed to be oceanic lithosphere. Because of motion between the lithosphere and mantle hot spot the relative contribution of melts from the diapir (mantle plume) material to the lavas decreases with time; consequently, with decreasing age the basalts become more enriched in incompatible trace elements and acquire Sr and Nd isotopic ratios which overlap with mid-ocean ridge basalts. This model quantitatively explains the isotopic ratios and incompatible trace element abundances in representative samples from the three Haleakala volcanic series. On the basis of the degrees of melting inferred for the mixing components we conclude that the lower lithosphere and much of the asthenosphere beneath Hawaiian volcanoes are involved in creating these volcanoes.
Hyperresolution Land Surface Modeling in the Context of SMAP Cal–Val

AbstractThis study explores the performance of Environment Canada’s Surface Prediction System (SPS) in comparison to in situ observations from the Brightwater Creek soil moisture observation network with respect to soil moisture and soil temperature. To do so, SPS is run at hyperresolution (100 m) over a small domain in southern Saskatchewan (Canada) during the summer of 2014. It is shown that with initial conditions and surface condition forcings based on observations, SPS can simulate soil moisture and soil temperature evolution over time with high accuracy (mean bias of 0.01 m3 m−3 and −0.52°C, respectively). However, the modeled spatial variability is generally much weaker than observed. This is likely related to the model’s use of uniform soil texture, the lack of small-scale orography, as well as a predefined crop growth cycle in SPS. Nonetheless, the spatial averages of simulated soil conditions over the domain are very similar to those observed, suggesting that both are representative of large-sca.
INTEGRATED GRAVITY AND SEISMIC INVESTIGATION OVER THE JABAL HAFIT STRUCTURE: IMPLICATIONS FOR BASEMENT CONFIGURATION OF THE FRONTAL FOLD‐AND‐THRUST BELT OF THE NORTHERN OMAN MOUNTAINS

A gravity survey was conducted over and around Jabal Hafit, located on the border between the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Oman on the western edge of the northern Oman Mountains, as part of a study to investigate the subsurface structures and sedimentary sequences of the area. This new data, together with outcrop geology, well data and measurements of physical properties of rock samples, was integrated with a new interpretation of reprocessed commercial seismic reflection profiles recorded across the Jabal Hafit anticline.
Brand Ireland: Tourism and National Identity

Despite Ireland's heavy reliance on tourism to bolster its general economic health, tourism in the country remains understudied (Deegan and Dineen 2003). With this in mind, the purpose of this chapter is to explore tourism in Ireland, focusing specifically on what tourists find so appealing about its unique brand of national identity. The chapter is unusual in that it does not, as other studies in tourism tend to do, consider a place or country merely via its surface manifestations and immediate imagery (see Curtis-Wilson et al. 2006). Instead a cultural perspective is adopted, similar to that currently advocated by some branding theorists (Holt 2004; Schroeder and Salzer-Morling 2006). The aim of the chapter is to chart the connections between tourism in Ireland and the social and cultural realm of its creation.
VARIÁVEIS QUE EXPLICAM OS DESEMPENHOS ACADÊMICO E PROFISSIONAL DOS MESTRES EM CONTABILIDADE DO PROGRAMA MULTIINSTITUCIONAL UNB/UFPB/UFRN 1 VARIABLES THAT EXPLAIN THE PROFESSIONAL AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF ACCOUNTING MASTERS IN UNB/UFPB/UFRN MULTI-INSTITUTIONAL PROGRAM

This study investigated the variables that explain the academic and professional performance of masters trained by Program Multi-institutional and Inter-Regional Graduate in Accounting from UNB/UFPB/UFRN. For this, an exploratory-descriptive study was conducted using the techniques of literature review and documentary research. Accordingly, a questionnaire was administered to 96 masters of this Program between the months of July and August 2008. Still, to confirm the findings of the research, statistical tests of differences between means and regression analysis with the help of the software Excel and SPSS. In their results, it was observed that, in most cases, the masters trained by this Program are male (65,63%), have approximately 39 years, are married (64,58%) and graduates in accounting (93,75%). In terms of variables that influence their academic performance, included: age, marital status, number of graduations, having specialization, her specialization be in accounting, number of specializations, having doctorate, her doctorate be in accounting, be teaching in higher education, reside in a state that is part of the program and participate of a research group; regarding professional performance: gender, have primary paid work linked to the market and public sector currently, be teaching in higher education and the state where he works.
Increased mortality after total hip prosthetic joint infection is mainly caused by the comorbidities rather than the infection itself

Background and purpose Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a feared complication of arthroplasty surgery. There is controversy as to whether PJI also correlates with increased mortality. Our aim was to investigate in a nationwide cohort if PJI is an independent risk factor for dying. Patients and methods We performed a retrospective cohort study based on data from the Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Register (SHAR). All patients with a revision THA performed between 1998 and 2017 were included. The outcome is mortality; exposure is PJI according to SHAR. The control group was study participants who underwent aseptic revision. Confounders were age, sex, diagnosis, and comorbidity according to the Elixhauser index. The outcome was analyzed with a Cox proportional hazards model. Results 4,943 PJI revisions and 12,529 non-infected revisions were included in the analysis. The median followup time was 4.1 years. In the PJI group, 1,972 patients died and in the control group, 4,512. The incidence rate ratio was 1.19 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13–1.25), the crude hazard ratio (HR) 1.19 (CI 1.13–1.25), and the adjusted HR 1.05 (CI 0.99–1.12) for the exposed versus the unexposed group. The strongest confounder was comorbidity. Conclusion The increased mortality risk after revision due to PJI is mainly caused by the comorbidity of the patient, rather than by the infection itself.
New perspectives on horned dinosaurs: the Royal Tyrrell Museum Ceratopsian Symposium

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Climate management in tomato greenhouse market gardens

An efficient climate management is essential to achieve a high production in tomato greenhouse market gardens. Temperature, especially, is very important since it has a large influence on both the vegetative and the generative growth. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of low temperature pulses (LTP) on the fruit growth. The study was carried out both through a literature study and through an empirical study done in three commercial greenhouse market gardens growing tomato. During a ten week period in the spring of 2007 weekly growth, stem diameter, leaf length, length of truss peduncle, peduncle diameter, number of fruits per truss, fruit diameter and height, total number of fruit on the plants, amount of harvested fruit, and individual fruit weights were measured. Climatic data was gathered from PRIVA environmental computers, which were used in all three market gardens. Due to reluctance from the participating growers to use LTPs, and a lack of literature on the subject, the question of whether LTP has an effect on fruit growth remains unanswered. The effect of night temperature and average temperature was also included in the study. There were correlations between night temperature and the number of fruit; the R2 values were very low however, indicating that hardly any of the variation in the plant parameters can be explained by the night temperature. Lower average temperature lead to larger but fewer fruits, while a higher average temperature lead to slightly smaller first fruits, but a higher yield; this is confirmed in the literature. The harvest was closely related to the weekly average temperature where a high average temperature one week resulted in a high yield the following week.
Mesozoic-Cenozoic tectonothermal evolution of the eastern part of the Tibetan Plateau (Songpan-Garzê, Longmen Shan area): insights from thermochronological data and simple thermal modelling

Abstract We present a synthesis of the tectonic and thermochronological evolution of the Eastern Tibet since the Triassic. The long-term cooling histories obtained on magmatic and metamorphic rocks of the South Songpan-Garzê, Kunlun and Yidun blocks are similar showing a very slow and regular cooling during Late Jurassic and Cretaceous, confirming the suspected lack of major tectonic events between c. 150 and 30 Ma. The exhumation linked to the Tertiary growth of the Tibetan Plateau initiated around 30 Ma and concentrates at the vicinity of the major tectonic structures. Exhumation rates increased again from about 7 Ma in the Longmen Shan. To interpret this very slow cooling rate between Late Jurassic and Early Cenozoic from granites of this area, we use a simple 1D thermal model that takes into account the thermal properties of both sediments and crust. The results suggest that: (1) high temperature (500 °C) can be kept over a long period of time; (2) during Cretaceous, cooling is mostly controlled by the thermal properties of sediments of continental origin; and (3) the initial Late Triassic rapid cooling rate was caused by the large thermal contrast between the granite body and the sedimentary rocks rather than by a high exhumation rate.
Una colisión peer to peer: habeas data versus derechos de autor

Las redes P2P les permiten a millones de usuarios en Internet descargar archivos que, al menos en teoria, deberian protegerse por las normas sobre derecho de autor. La reaccion de la industria del entretenimiento ha sido iniciar multiples procesos judiciales en contra de los usuarios de esta tecnologia, en diferentes partes del mundo. Uno de los medios que con mayor frecuencia se ha empleado para este proposito ha sido el descubrimiento de la identidad de los usuarios a traves de sus direcciones IP, mediante ordenes impartidas por jueces a los proveedores de servicio de Internet. Sin embargo, esta practica constituye una manifiesta y comprobada violacion de derechos constitucionales como el habeas data y la privacidad.
Rheological controls on fault loading rates in northern California following the 1906 San Francisco earthquake

To estimate seismic hazard in complex, multiple fault systems, it is necessary to understand how stresses within the system are transferred. Accurate estimates of loading rate due to far‐field tectonic motion and postseismic transients following large earthquakes are required. Using plausible lower crustal rheologies constrained by observations following the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, I show that postseismic relaxation may play a significant role in reloading the coseismic fault, providing 60–80% of the stress released during great earthquakes. Further, postseismic stressing rates along neighboring faults are highly dependent on the geometry and rheology of the lower crust/upper mantle. This implies that tectonic loading rate estimates are also highly dependent on lower crustal/upper mantle structure. Thus, improvement of seismic hazard estimates within complex, multiple fault systems is dependent on a better understanding of structure and rheology at depth.
Spatial and Temporal Trends in Water Quality in Response to Sewage Discharge in Masan and Hangam Bays, Korea

Abstract This study investigated the spatial and seasonal variations of nutrients, chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), particulate organic carbon, and dissolved oxygen at four stations around Masan Bay from February 2004 to February 2006. Nutrients showed large spatial and seasonal variations in the study area. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen and dissolved silicate concentrations were highest at inner Masan Bay, which was ascribed to the largest inputs of both nutrients from the lands among four stations. Dissolved inorganic phosphorus concentrations are highest at Hangam Bay, where a fertilizer plant caused serious soil pollution with the by-products of phosphate rocks. The extremely high Chl-a concentrations (>60 µg L−1) were observed at inner Masan Bay in July and attributed to the plentiful nutrients, high water stability, and longer residence time at this area during summer. Surface Chl-a concentrations displayed large seasonal variations at all stations, with high values in summer and low values in fall and winter. The lower Chl-a concentrations in fall and winter may be due to strong vertical mixing, which could transport phytoplankton below the euphotic depth, and as a result, constrained phytoplankton growth. Particulate organic carbon–to–Chl-a ratios varied from 59.8 to 121, with large spatial variation and small seasonal change. Hypoxia (<2 mg L−1) was observed at inner and outer Masan and Hangam bays during summer. Outer Masan Bay showed more severe hypoxia than inner Masan Bay in summer 2004 and 2005, which was probably because of the higher organic contents at the bottom sediments and deeper water depth. Despite construction of the Masan and Jinhae wastewater treatment plants, Masan and Hangam bays still received high loading of nutrients, and serious eutrophication was still observed at these bays.
The suitability of using ASTER GDEM2 for terrain-based extraction of stream channel networks in a lowland Arctic permafrost catchment

Seasonally inundated areas and water-saturated soils are common features of lowland Arctic and sub-Arctic permafrost environments. With the onset of snow melt, and water percolation down through the snowpack, a principal factor controlling stream channel flow, aside from active layer depth, is topography. This paper investigates stream channel networks derived from the advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (ASTER) global digital elevation model (GDEM) version 2 in a static terrain-based GIS-model. The suitability of using the ASTER GDEM2 for modelling the drainage network over a low-relief terrain is assessed. The aim is to use GDEM2 for the analysis of the stream channel network and to establish the network’s connectivity to previously observed spring flood patterns over the Yamal peninsula. As such, there are two parts to this study: 1) DEM validation and 2) stream channel network analysis. The results of the DEM validation study show that the root mean square error (RMSE) of the GDEM2 and reference data is approx. 10 m when compared to both reference data sets (RMSE = 12.17 m, N = 86 and RMSE = 9.64, N = 506,877), implying that the GDEM2 is sufficiently accurate for terrain-based modelling. The low connectivity between the stream channel network and seasonal inundation suggests that topographic controls play a less important role compared to the possible overbanking of lakes and basin overflow. However, drainage densities for investigated drainage basins were significantly lower than those expected from typical Arctic basins. Both more sophisticated modelling techniques as well as higher spatial resolution DEMs are needed to extract the stream channel network more accurately and hence establish a more comprehensive link between the drainage network and seasonally inundated areas.
Wastelands afforestation in northern India by cooperatives: a socio-economic evaluation

India has an estimated area of 129 million ha of wasteland, which can be used for providing sustainable livelihood for millions of rural unemployed. An evaluation of enhancing income and employment generation and environmental externalities due to plantations on wastelands through cooperatives and self-help groups was done. The development process was set up in leased degraded lands in three north Indian states of Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan. The capacity building processes like savings and micro-enterprise skills empowered resource-poor farmers. An internal rate of return of 11.5 to 17.0 % in the phase I of the project imply tangible economic benefits at the end of 17 years, which improved to 13.9 to 20.4 % by including environmental benefits like carbon sequestration, soil conservation, soil salinity reclamation, etc. By extrapolating the trend till the end of 30 years, the estimated IRR increased further. The incremental net return due to afforestation of wastelands ranged between Rs. 2283 and 9514 (US $51 -211) ha-1 yr -1 over the pre-developed status. The organization of stakeholders through cooperative societies for developing plantations on degraded lands and managing them for deriving benefits has demonstrated the viability of these models. The model can be replicated by dovetailing the same with the government schemes like food-for work programme and the recently enacted national rural employment guarantee programme.
A MODEL OF LEAF GROWTH RESPONDING TO AIR TEMPERATURES

CHIKUSHI J. and EGUCHI H. A model of leaf growth responding to air temperatures. BIOTRONICS 20, 65-71, 1991. A hysteresis model was applied to estimate leaf growth curve of cucumber leaf exposed to changing air temperature. Cucumber plants were treated with low temperature of 15°C for different periods, and thereafter grown at 25°C in a growth chamber. Observed data of leaf growth curves were fitted by the Richards equation, and were compared with the curves estimated by the model. It was demonstrated that the hysteresis model can be useful for estimating the curves of leaf growth responding to the low temperature treatment.
Morphology and genesis of silt and clay coatings in the vesicular layer of a Desert Loam soil

The microscopic and submicroscopic characteristics of the vesicles in a Desert Loam (Haplic Durargid) soil were examined. The surface roughness of the vesicles depended on the texture of the material in which they formed. Plate-like silt and coarse clay particles on the vesicle surface were strongly oriented having a pavement-like appearance. Silt and clay coatings lined many of the vesicles and interconnected channels. Many vesicles occurred in clusters and contained layered coatings of different thickness: clay coatings up to 200 µm, silt coatings up to 300µm, and composite coatings up to 1 mm. Some radially cracked clay coatings also contained silt depositions within the cracks. The probable genesis of the clay coatings involves the translocation of clay particles from an external source, through the raindrop-disturbed surface layer, and around entrapped air bubbles within vesicles. The morphology of the coating indicates that the vesicles in this soil layer have considerable durability.
Tourism as a tool of community development: an ecotourism project in Cantanhez, Guinea-Bissau.

In recent decades the scientific community and various international organizations have provided a range of guidelines towards the development of more sustainable tourism. The responsible use of natural and cultural resources and the participation of local communities - with the involvement of the different actors in the development process - are inseparable aspects of sustainability’s concept. However, when we try to put it into practice it appears that this is a very slow process, with many aspects that must be considered, especially in the case of underdeveloped regions. This paper focuses precisely on one of these regions - Cantanhez National Park, Guinea Bissau. This region has natural and cultural resources that are real treasures, which enhance the environmental and green forms of tourism; however, the structural problems of the country can be a real challenge to any type of initiative. The purpose of this communication is to present the ecotourism project in Cantanhez National Park, identifying the objectives, the first stages of the project implementation, the difficulties arising from the social, economic and political situation of the country and finally, its relevance in promoting community development. The realities that will be shared in this paper resulted from an
Extreme short-range variability in VOC-contaminated soils.

To accurately characterize volatile organic compound (VOC) distribution in contaminated soils for the purpose of ascertaining the need for site remediation, horizontal and vertical concentration fluctuations must be taken into account when designing the sampling program. Soils at two Superfund sites were collected to examine VOC concentration and soil property variability over extremely short distances (≤15 cm). Differences in VOC concentrations between the upper and lower core sections (15 cm apart) were generally on the same order (1 to 4 times different) as the differences found for the TOC, sand, and clay contents; however, several notably larger variations in VOC concentrations were found. Relative percent differences (RPDs) up to 161, 96, 117, and 191% were found for TOC, sand content, clay content, and VOC concentrations between upper and lower core sections, respectively. These elevated RPDs correspond to maximum concentration differences between upper and lower core sections of 25.5 and 72.5%, 5.8 and 22.0%, 0.29 and 2.71%, and 78 and 3371 ng/g for TOC, sand content, clay content, and VOC concentrations, respectively. The large differences in soil properties and VOC concentrations that can occur over extremely short distances must be taken into account during site characterization. Without knowing the magnitude of the extreme short-range variability, erroneous interpretations of contaminant concentrations and distributions can lead to costly remediation when it is not necessary (i.e., false positives) or the leaving behind of a significant threat to human health and the environment when not detected (i.e., false negatives).