Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Atmospheric vorticity and dust devil rotation

This paper presents some results from a field experimental program whose purpose was to determine, as quantitatively as possible, dust devil dynamics. The specific aspects considered here pertain to direction of dust devil rotation and the relation of this rotation to atmospheric vorticity. Direction of rotation data were obtained by stationing a number of observers over a prescribed area, which allowed close-in observation of the dust devils. A concurrent measure of atmospheric vorticity was obtained by a specially constructed “vorticity” meter. It was found that, in general, there was almost no preference in direction of dust devil rotation but often, over short periods, one rotation direction would be strongly favored. A definite correlation existed between the sense of atmospheric vorticity and the direction of dust devil rotation. The results indicate that the earth's rotation, mesoscale phenomena, and shed eddies play little, if any, role in determining the direction of rotation. The source of the required vorticity appears to be produced primarily, if not entirely, by local processes. It is suggested that the responsible process is shear in the horizontal flows associated with convective activity in an unstable atmosphere.
Mutant KRAS Drives Immune Evasion by Sensitizing Cytotoxic T‐Cells to Activation‐Induced Cell Death in Colorectal Cancer

The roles of oncogenic KRAS in tumor immune evasion remain poorly understood. Here, mutant KRAS is identified as a key driver of tumor immune evasion in colorectal cancer (CRC). In human CRC specimens, a significant reduction in cytotoxic CD8+ T‐cell tumor infiltration is found in patients with mutant versus wild type KRAS. This phenomenon is confirmed by preclinical models of CRC, and further study showed KRAS mutant tumors exhibited poor response to anti‐PD‐1 and adoptive T‐cell therapies. Mechanistic analysis revealed lactic acid derived from mutant KRAS‐expressing tumor cells sensitized tumor‐specific cytotoxic CD8+ T‐cells to activation‐induced cell death via NF‐κB inactivation; this may underlie the inverse association between intratumoral cytotoxic CD8+ T‐cells and KRAS mutation. Importantly, KRAS mutated tumor resistance to immunotherapies can be overcome by inhibiting KRAS or blocking lactic acid production. Together, this work suggests the KRAS‐mediated immune program is an exploitable therapeutic approach for the treatment of patients with KRAS mutant CRC.
DISCOVERY OF NEUTRAL HYDROGEN ASSOCIATED WITH THE DIFFUSE SHELLS OF NGC 5128 (CENTAURUS-A)

In this Letter, we present for the first time images and kinematics of neutral hydrogen, which is unambiguously associated with the optical shells of an E/SO galaxy, NGC 5128. Using the VLA, we have mapped diffuse H I (21 cm) emission out to approximately 15 kpc (15') from the nucleus of the galaxy to a limiting column density of 10(20) cm-2. These observations reveal the presence of 1.5 x 10(8) M. of H I, 10'-15' NE, N, and SW of the galaxy. The H I distribution follows the curvature of the outermost ''diffuse'' shells, and is slightly displaced, shifted 1' to the outside of the shells. The H I shows a smooth gradient in velocity over approximately 450 km s-1, nearly the same line-of-sight velocity range observed in the dust lane. Our results suggest that the H I might be a partial ring, rotating with the same sense as the main body of the galaxy. We discuss merger, accretion, and internal shell formation models and describe how the observed properties of the H I challenge existing theories of shell formation. We also find a morphological and kinematical connection between the NE cloud of H I and the outer optical filaments of Cen A, identifying the H I as the source of gas being ionized. Finally, we discuss the implications of these results on the study of high-z radio galaxies with extended emission-line regions.
Analysis of Soil Moisture from Near-Surface Parameters: A Feasibility Study

Abstract The main purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that it is possible to estimate soil moisture from the evolution of atmospheric parameters near the surface (temperature and relative humidity) if a realistic surface transfer model is available. Two methods to initialize soil moisture in meteorological models are then proposed: a variational method where the optimal soil moisture minimizes a penality function and a sequential method consisting of a set of predictions and static corrections of soil moisture. The algorithms are examined with a one-dimensional model including a detailed land-surface parameterization. A feasibility study is undertaken using the HAPEX-MOBILHY dataset where soil moisture has been measured together with atmospheric parameters. It is demonstrated that for three 48-h clear-sky periods the two methods are able to converge rapidly toward a realistic soil moisture content starting from arbitrary values.
Radiative heating and cooling rates in the middle atmosphere

Abstract One of the limitations to the accurate calculation of radiative heating and cooling rates in the stratosphere and mesosphere has been the lack of accurate data on the atmospheric temperature and composition. Data from the LIMS experiment on Nimbus-7 have been extended to the South Pole with the aid of other observations. The data have been used as input to codes developed by Ramanathan and Dickinson to calculate the individual components and the net radiative heating rates from 100–0.1 mb. Solar heating due to ozone, nitrogen dioxide, carbon dioxide, water vapor and oxygen is shown to be nearly balanced by cooling in the thermal infrared spectral region due to carbon dioxide, ozone and water vapor. In the lower stratosphere, infrared transfer by ozone leads to heating that is sensitive to the distribution of tropospheric ozone, clouds and water vapor. The heating and cooling rates are adjusted slightly in order to satisfy the global mass balance. The results are in qualitative agreement with earl.
Is there any role for medical thoracoscopy in the treatment of empyema in children?

It is still controversial whether surgical or nonsurgical treatment approaches are most appropriate for empyema in children, and there are no data regarding the role of medical thoracoscopy in this population. The aim of this study was to describe our experience with medical thoracosocpy in children with multiloculated and organizing pneumonia. We retrospectively reviewed children admitted to our hospital with a diagnosis of empyema from 2011 to 2021 and treated with medical thoracoscopy. A total of six patients with empyema were treated by medical thoracoscopy; empyema was multiloculated in five cases and organized in one case; all children in the study recovered completely with full lung expansion after chest X‐rays, and no disease sequelae were reported after clinical follow‐up. Our small case series suggests that in selected cases, medical thoracoscopy could safely and effectively treat pleural empyema in children, with less invasiveness and reduced psychological consequences.
The Saururus chinensis genome provides insights into the evolution of pollination strategies and herbaceousness in magnoliids.

Saururus chinensis, an herbaceous magnoliid without perianth, represents a clade of early-diverging angiosperms that have gone through woodiness-herbaceousness transition and pollination obstacles: the characteristic white leaves underneath inflorescence during flowering time are considered to be a substitute for perianth to attract insect pollinators. Here, using the newly sequenced S. chinensis genome, we revisited the phylogenetic position of magnoliids within mesangiosperms, and recovered a sister relationship for magnoliids and Chloranthales. By considering differentially expressed genes, we identified candidate genes that are involved in the morphogenesis of the white leaves in S. chinensis. Among those genes, we verified - in a transgenic experiment with Arabidopsis - that increasing the expression of the 'pseudo-etiolation in light' gene (ScPEL) can inhibit the biosynthesis of chlorophyll. ScPEL is thus likely being responsible for the switches between green and white leaves, suggesting that changes in gene expression may underlie the evolution of pollination strategies. Despite being an herbaceous plant, S. chinensis still has vascular cambium and maintains the potential for secondary growth as a woody plant, because the necessary machinery, i.e., the entire gene set involved in lignin biosynthesis, is well preserved. However, similar expression levels of two key genes (CCR and CAD) between the stem and other tissues in the lignin biosynthesis pathway are possibly associated with the herbaceous nature of S. chinensis. In conclusion, the S. chinensis genome provides valuable insights into the adaptive evolution of pollination in Saururaceae and reveals a possible mechanism for the evolution of herbaceousness in magnoliids.
Inanspruchnahme der bodengebundenen Notfallrettung – Sekundärdatenanalyse der Versichertenkohorte AOK Sachsen-Anhalt

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Die Inanspruchnahme der Notfallversorgung unterliegt durch den demografischen Wandel Veränderungen. Das Einsatzaufkommen zwischen den Jahren 2000 und 2017 stieg jährlich um 4 bis 6%. Studien zeigen den Zusammenhang der Inanspruchnahme mit Alter und regionalen Strukturen. In dieser Querschnitt-Studie werden die Inanspruchnahme der bodengebundenen Notfallrettung in Sachsen-Anhalt analysiert und assoziierte Faktoren identifiziert. Methode In Abrechnungsdaten der AOK Sachsen-Anhalt aus dem Jahr 2019, wurden Einsätze mit bodengebundenen Rettungsmitteln bei in Sachsen-Anhalt wohnenden Versicherten identifiziert und eingeschlossen. Zur Berechnung der Inzidenzrate wurde die Versichertenzeit aller in Sachsen-Anhalt wohnenden AOK-Versicherten herangezogen. Für die multivariable Analyse der assoziierten Faktoren wurde ein Poisson-Regressionsmodell angepasst. Ergebnisse Identifiziert wurden 112 575 Rettungseinsätze; durchschnittlich 1,53 Einsätze je Person bzw. 149,6 je 1000 Versichertenjahre. Eine stationäre Krankenhausbehandlung erfolgte bei 53,2% der Notfallpatient*innen und ambulante Krankenhausbehandlungen bei 37,1%. Vielfahrer*innen beanspruchen 14,6% der Einsätze. Die höchsten Inzidenzraten haben Personen mit Pflegebedürftigkeit und hohem Alter. Auch nach Adjustierung war zudem das Risiko für die Inanspruchnahme eines Rettungseinsatzes bei Männern sowie in halbstädtische und städtische Regionen (im Vergleich zu ländlichen Regionen) höher. Schlussfolgerung Die Inanspruchnahme ist in der untersuchten Kohorte höher, als im Vergleich mit anderen Studien. Der hohe Anteil nicht-stationärer Krankenhausbehandlungen und Behandlungen vor Ort, sowie der deutliche Zusammenhang der Inanspruchnahme mit Pflegebedürftigkeit und Alter bieten mögliche Anknüpfungspunkte für Interventionen zur Entlastung der Rettungsdienste.
Underdense radiation sources: Moving towards longer wavelengths

Underdense radiation sources have been developed to provide efficient laboratory multi-keV radiation sources for radiography and radiation hardening studies. In these plasmas laser absorption by inverse bremsstrahlung leads to high x-ray conversion efficiency because of efficient ionization of the low density aerogel or gas targets. Now we performing experiments in the soft x-ray energy regime where the atomic physics models are much more complicated. In recent experiments at the NIKE laser, we have irradiated a Ti-doped SiO 2 aerogel with up to 1650J of 248 nm wavelength light. The absolute Ti L-shell emission in the 200-800 eV range is measured with a diagnostic that uses a transmission grating coupled to Si photodiodes. We will give an overview of the temporally-resolved absolutely calibrated spectra obtained over a range of conditions. Eventually we hope to extend our studies to x-ray production in the EUV range.
When Is Masculinity “Fragile”? An Expectancy-Discrepancy-Threat Model of Masculine Identity

Academic Abstract Manhood is a precarious social status. Under perceived gender identity threat, men are disproportionately likely to enact certain stereotype-consistent responses such as aggression to maintain their gender status. Yet less is known regarding individual variation in men’s threat responsiveness—that is, the psychological conditions under which one’s masculine identity is more or less “fragile. ” We propose a novel model of masculine identity whereby masculine norm expectancy generates discrepancy within the self to the extent that rigid norms are internalized as obligational (actual-ought discrepancy) versus aspirational (actual-ideal discrepancy), which predict extrinsic versus intrinsic motivations to reduce these discrepancies, respectively. Under threat, then, extrinsic motivations predict externalized responses (e.g., aggression), and intrinsic motivations elicit internalized responses (e.g., anxiety, shame, self-harm). We also consider the conditions under which masculinity may be less fragile—for example, in contexts with less rigid expectations and among men who reject expectations—as pathways to mitigate adverse masculinity threat-related outcomes. Public Abstract In many cultures, men prove their manhood by engaging in behaviors that harm themselves and others (e.g., violence, sexism, homophobia), particularly people from marginalized groups. Yet less is known about why some men are more likely than others to enact these masculinity-proving behaviors. The goal of our model is to specify certain conditions under which masculinities become “fragile” and elicit these responses when under threat. We start by describing the rigid expectations men experience—for example, that they are strong and tough. We propose that these expectations cause men to experience different forms of discrepancy within themselves that produce corresponding motivations to reduce these discrepancies. Under threat, motivations driven by others’ expectations elicit outward attempts to restore masculine status (e.g., aggression), whereas motivations driven by self-ideals cause internalized responses (e.g., shame, self-harm). We conclude by discussing how to reduce these discrepancies, such as mitigating the rigidity of and encouraging men’s resistance to masculinity expectations.
Stability theory for a pair of trailing vortices

x(/3) Trailing vortices do not decay by simple diffusion. Usually they undergo a symmetric and nearly sinusoidal instability, until eventually they join at intervals to form a train of vortex rings. The present theory accounts for the instability during the early stages of its growth. The vortices are idealized as interacting lines; their core diameters are taken into account by a cutoff in the line integral representing self-induction. The equation relating induced velocity to vortex displacement gives rise to an eigenvalue problem for the growth rate of sinusoidal perturbations. Stability is found to depend on the products of vortex separation 6 and cutoff distance d times the perturbation wavenumber. Depending on those products, both symmetric and antisymmetric eigenmodes can be unstable, but only the symmetric mode involves strongly interacting long waves. An argument is presented that d/b = 0.063 for the vortices trailing from an elliptically loaded wing. In that case, the maximally unstable long wave has a length 8.66 and grows by a factor e in a time 9.4(^4#/CL)(6/F0), where AR is the aspect ratio, CL is the lift coefficient, and V0 is the speed of the aircraft. The vortex displacements are symmetric and are confined to fixed planes inclined at 48° to the horizontal.
Interrupted lullabies: the association between menopausal symptoms and sleep variability in peri- and post-menopausal women

ABSTRACT Poor sleep is a reality for many midlife women experiencing menopause. Although much empirical attention has been allocated toward ameliorating vasomotor symptoms and related consequences, less focus has been given toward sleep, specifically sleep variability, in menopausal women. The present study aimed to determine the association between menopausal symptoms and night-to-night sleep variability among peri- and post-menopausal women. Participants were 220 menopausal women (42.3 percent peri-menopausal, 57.7 percent post-menopausal) aged 40 to 64 from the United States recruited via Prolific, and online platform. The current study conducted secondary analyses on data collected as part of a larger investigation on midlife women from the United States. A structural equation model assessed associations between a latent menopausal symptom construct, composed of several Women’s Health Questionnaire domains, and a latent sleep variability construct, composed of sleep diary indices. Menopausal symptoms were associated with latent sleep variability (β = 0.49, p < .05); greater experience of menopausal symptoms was associated with more night-to-night sleep variability (medium effect size). Waking after sleep onset (WASO) was the sole significant indicator of the latent sleep factor. The findings highlight the importance of menopausal symptoms for sleep variability, specifically wakefulness. As such, wakefulness may be an important target for sleep interventions for menopausal women. The findings further suggest a need for more research and interventions targeted toward understanding and ameliorating the impact of menopausal symptoms on night-to-night wakefulness overall.
Three-dimensional electroanatomical mapping guided right bundle branch pacing in congenitally corrected transposition of great arteries

Abstract Aims The ideal pacing strategy has been the Achilles’ heel for patients with congenitally corrected transposition of great arteries (ccTGA) with bradycardia. Various pacing modalities were documented in the literature. This article describes a novel pacing strategy and its feasibility in ccTGA with an intact ventricular septum. Methods and results We prospectively recruited three patients with ccTGA who presented with symptomatic complete heart block to our institute and were evaluated. All patients were planned for conduction system pacing. Those who had more than moderate or severe systemic atrioventricular regurgitation and systemic ventricular dysfunction were planned for conduction system pacing with an additional lead in the coronary sinus (CS) tributary, i.e. bundle branch pacing optimized cardiac resynchronization therapy with the intention to achieve incremental benefit. Since right bundle pacing is not described previously and in view of anatomical complexity in location, three-dimensional (3D) anatomical mapping was done with the EnSite system and later right bundle capture is identified conventionally as that of a left bundle in a normal heart. All three patients have stable lead positions and adequate thresholds at short-term follow-up. Conclusion In this report, we demonstrated the feasibility of permanent physiological pacing of the systemic ventricle by capturing the right bundle with 3D anatomical mapping guidance, which results in physiological activation of the systemic ventricle.
A Novel Efficient Mining Algorithm for Frequent Patterns on Biological Multiple Sequence

In order to overcome the shortcomings of traditional algorithms, the algorithm MSPM was proposed. It used longer patterns for mining, which avoided producing lots of patterns with short length. Meanwhile by the use of prefix tree of primary frequent patterns, we extended the primary patterns which avoided plenty of irrelevant patterns. The experimental results show that MSPM not only improves the performance but also achieves effective mining results.
Systolic trellis automatat

In the second part of this paper we discuss mainly various programming techniques for systolic automata. These techniques are used to derive theoretical results e.g. the closure of (homogeneous) systolic automaton under Boolean operations, or that every linear context free language can be accepted by a homogeneous systolic automaton and that their languages have time complexity 0(n2)
Transgenic RFP‐RPS‐30UbL strain of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a biomonitor for environmental pollutants

Environmental pollutants are recognized as one of the major concerns for public health. The free‐living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans are widely used to evaluate the toxicity of environmental contaminants in biomonitoring researches. In the present study, a new transgenic strain, rps‐30−/−;RFP‐RPS‐30UbL was generated, with constitutively active rps‐30 promoter used to control the expression of RFP‐RPS‐30UbL fusion protein. We found RFP‐RPS‐30UbL would accumulate to form ‘rod‐like’ structures, when worms were exposed to environmental contaminants, including Cd, Hg, Pb, As, Paraquat and Dichlorvos. The number of the ‘rod‐like’ structures was induced by environmental contaminants in a concentration‐ and time‐dependent manner. The ‘rod‐like’ structure formation could be detectable in response to the concentration of each contaminant as low as 24‐h LC50 × 10−7, and the detectable time could be within 2 h. Detecting the transcription and expression levels of RFP‐RPS‐30UbL in worms exposed to different kinds of environmental contaminants showed that the expression level of RFP‐RPS‐30UbL was not regulated by environmental contaminants, and the number differences of ‘rod‐like’ structures were just due to the morphological change of RFP‐RPS‐30UbL from dispersion to accumulation induced by environmental contaminants. In addition, this transgenic strain was developed in rps‐30−/− homozygous worm, which was a longevity strain. Detection of lifespan and brood size showed that rps‐30−/−;RFP‐RPS‐30UbL transgenic worm was more suitable to be cultured and used further than N2;GFP‐RPS‐30UbL, for expressing RPS‐30UbL in wild type N2 worms shortened the lifespan and deceased the brood size. Therefore, rps‐30−/−;RFP‐RPS‐30UbL transgenic worm might play a potential role in versatile environmental biomonitoring, with the advantage of not only the convenient and quick fluorescence‐based reporter assay, but also the quantificational evaluation of the toxicities of environmental contaminants using ‘rod‐like’ structures with high sensitivity, off‐limited the expression level of the reporter protein.
A Critical Analysis of White Racial Framing and Comfort with Medical Research

Abstract Objective Analyze racial differences in comfort with medical research using an alternative to the traditional approach that treats white people as a raceless norm. Methods Quantitative analysis of survey responses (n = 1,570) from Black and white residents of the US to identify relationships between perceptions of research as a right or a risk, and comfort participating in medical research. Results A lower proportion of white respondents reported that medical experimentation occurred without patient consent (p < 0.001) and a higher proportion of white respondents reported that it should be their right to participate in medical research (p = 0.02). Belief in one’s right to participate was significantly predictive of comfort (b = 0.37, p < 0.001). Belief in experimentation without consent was significantly predictive of comfort for white respondents but not for Black respondents in multivariable analysis. Conclusions A rights-based orientation and less concern about the risks of medical research among white respondents demonstrate comparative advantage. Efforts to diversify medical research may perpetuate structural racism if they do not (1) critically engage with whiteness and its role in comfort with participation, and (2) identify and respond specifically to the needs of Black patients.