Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevention of quality characteristic decline in freeze‐thawed cultured large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) using flammulina velutipes polysaccharide

Abstract To investigate the cryoprotective effect of flammulina velutipes polysaccharide (FVP) on the quality characteristics in freeze‐thawed cultured large yellow croaker, 0.050%, 0.075%, and 0.100% FVP was used before freezing and the quality after thawing was compared with water soaking (WS) and commercial cryoprotectant (CC) treatment. Quality attributes were comprehensively determined instrumentally and organoleptically after thawing at 4°C. Results showed that FVP effectively reduces the quality deterioration of body color and water‐holding capacity, while no obvious effects were observed in texture and flavor. As for body color, both FVP and CC treatment could maintain the b* value to a large extent. Among them, 0.075% FVP shows the highest value in two sample points, with 55.2% and 21.0% increases seen in the values in WS. FVP‐dose‐dependent trends were found in water‐holding capacity, where a reduction of 28.26% and 14.38% in thawing loss and cooking loss was observed in the 0.100% FVP group. Low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF‐NMR) also revealed that immobilized water and free water were more tightly retained in the muscle tissue with FVP addition. The results of the sensory evaluation are essentially in line with the above observations. These findings indicate that FVP has the potential to partially replace commercial cryoprotectants in aquatic products during frozen storage.
Recent Updates on Phytoconstituent Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors: An Approach towards the Treatment of Type Two Diabetes

Diabetes is a common metabolic disorder marked by unusually high plasma glucose levels, which can lead to serious consequences such as retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy and cardiovascular disease. One of the most efficient ways to reduce postprandial hyperglycemia (PPHG) in diabetes mellitus, especially insulin-independent diabetes mellitus, is to lower the amount of glucose that is absorbed by inhibiting carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes in the digestive system, such as α-glucosidase and α-amylase. α-Glucosidase is a crucial enzyme that catalyzes the final stage of carbohydrate digestion. As a result, α-glucosidase inhibitors can slow D-glucose release from complex carbohydrates and delay glucose absorption, resulting in lower postprandial plasma glucose levels and control of PPHG. Many attempts have been made in recent years to uncover efficient α-glucosidase inhibitors from natural sources to build a physiologic functional diet or lead compound for diabetes treatment. Many phytoconstituent α-glucosidase inhibitors have been identified from plants, including alkaloids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, terpenoids, phenolic compounds, glycosides and others. The current review focuses on the most recent updates on different traditional/medicinal plant extracts and isolated compounds’ biological activity that can help in the development of potent therapeutic medications with greater efficacy and safety for the treatment of type 2 diabetes or to avoid PPHG. For this purpose, we provide a summary of the latest scientific literature findings on plant extracts as well as plant-derived bioactive compounds as potential α-glucosidase inhibitors with hypoglycemic effects. Moreover, the review elucidates structural insights of the key drug target, α-glucosidase enzymes, and its interaction with different inhibitors.
A Concise Review on Electrospun Scaffolds for Kidney Tissue Engineering

Chronic kidney disease is one of the deadliest diseases globally and treatment methods are still insufficient, relying mostly on transplantation and dialysis. Engineering of kidney tissues in vitro from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) could provide a solution to this medical need by restoring the function of damaged kidneys. However, implementation of such approaches is still challenging to achieve due to the complexity of mature kidneys in vivo. Several strategies have been defined to obtain kidney progenitor endothelial and epithelial cells that could form nephrons and proximal tube cells, but these lack tissue maturity and vascularisation to be further implemented. Electrospinning is a technique that has shown promise in the development of physiological microenvironments of several tissues and could be applied in the engineering of kidney tissues. Synthetic polymers such as polycaprolactone, polylactic acid, and poly(vinyl alcohol) have been explored in the manufacturing of fibres that align and promote the proliferation and cell-to-cell interactions of kidney cells. Natural polymers including silk fibroin and decellularised extracellular matrix have also been explored alone and in combination with synthetic polymers promoting the differentiation of podocytes and tubular-specific cells. Despite these attempts, further work is still required to advance the applications of electrospun fibres in kidney tissue engineering and explore this technique in combination with other manufacturing methods such as bioprinting to develop more organised, mature and reproducible kidney organoids.
Hypocholesterolemic, Antioxidative, and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Dietary Spirulina platensisis Supplementation on Laying Hens Exposed to Cyclic Heat Stress

Simple Summary Heat stress remains one of the critical environmental conflicts in the field of the poultry industry. Recently, dietary modifications with various natural products have been used as a potential strategy to relieve the various deleterious impacts of heat stress on poultry flocks. This study was proposed to investigate the beneficial impacts of different dietary levels of microalgae “Spirulina platensisis” on the productive performance, cholesterol profile, redox status, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in laying hens suffered from heat stress. Based on the results, the spirulina could be supplemented into the diets to improve the layer’s production of lower-cholesterol eggs and reduce the negative impacts of heat stress on the other physiological aspects. Abstract This study aimed to investigate the role of dietary Spirulina platensis (SP) supplementation in relieving the negative impacts of heat stress (HS) on the productive performance, cholesterol profile, redox status, and inflammatory cytokines of laying hens. A total of 288, 45-wk-old and 1550.7 ± 2.3 g initial body weight, HY-Line W-36 laying hens were housed in two environmental-controlled compartments. Layers were allotted to eight treatments of a two × four factorial design, with six replicates containing six birds per treatment. The temperature in one of the compartments was kept at a thermoneutral condition (24 °C group), while the temperature in the other compartment was raised to a cyclic heat stress of 35 °C from 9:00 a.m. to 5.00 p.m. (35 °C group). Layers in each compartment were fed on one of four experimental diets, containing 0%, 3%, 6%, or 9% SP (SP groups). The trial continued for five weeks. As a result of this study, exposure of laying hens to cyclic HS resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the total cholesterol (CH), low-density lipoprotein-CH, liver- and egg yolk-CH, ceruloplasmin, malondialdehyde, interleukins (IL-1β and IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α, and a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the high-density lipoprotein-CH, total antioxidant capacity, and reduced glutathione levels. HS negatively (p < 0.05) affected the hen–day egg production (EP, 90.5% vs. 77.0%), egg weight (EW, 61.8 g vs. 56.8 g), feed intake (FI, 111.6 g vs. 101.5 g) and feed conversion ratio (FCR, 2.00 vs. 2.37). As SP levels increased in layer diets, a linear (p < 0.05) improvement response in most of the parameters was obtained in both HS and non-HS layers, recording the best results with 9% SP (e.g., 78.8% vs. 87.6% EP, 56.7 g vs. 61.9 g EW, 103.3 g vs. 110.2 g FI, and 2.38 vs. 2.04 FCR, in 0% vs. 9% SP, respectively). When incorporating SP into the diets of HS-layers, the negative impacts of HS were remarkably relieved (p < 0.05). Therefore, diets containing 9% SP could be used as a promising approach to improve the productive and physiological performance of laying hens, particularly under heat stress conditions.
Air-fluidized grains as a model system: Self-propelling and jamming

This thesis examines two concepts -self-propelling and jamming -that have been employed to unify disparate non-equilibrium systems, in the context of a monolayer of grains fluidized by a temporally and spatially homogeneous upflow of air. The first experiment examines the single particle dynamics of airfluidized rods. For Brownian rods, equipartition of energy holds and rotational motion sets a timescale after which directional memory is lost. Air-fluidized rods no longer obey equipartion; they self-propel, moving preferentially along their long axis. We show that self-propelling can be treated phenomenologically as an enhanced memory effect causing directional memory to persist for times longer than expected for thermal systems. The second experiment studies dense collections of self-propelling air-fluidized rods. We observe collective propagating modes that give rise to anomalously large fluctuations in the local number density. We quantify these compression waves by calculating the dynamic structure factor and show that the wavespeed is weakly linear with increasing density. It has been suggested that the observed behavior might be explained using the framework put forth by Baskaran et al. The third experiment seeks to determine whether a force analogous to the critical Casimir force in fluids exists for a large sphere fluidized in the presence of a background of smaller spheres. The behavior of such a large sphere is fully characterized showing that, rather than behaving like a sphere driven by turbulence, the large ball self-propels. We also show that the background is responsible for the purely attractive, intermediate-ranged interaction force between two simultaneouslyfluidized large balls. The final experiment seeks to determine what parameters control the diverging relaxation timescale associated with the jamming transition. By tilting our apparatus, we quantify pressure, packing fraction, and temperature simultaneously with dynamics as we approach jamming. We obtain an equation of state that agrees well with simulation and free volume theory. We collapse the relaxation time by defining a timeand energy-scale using pressure, consistent with recent simulation. These experiments are further confirmation of the universality of the concepts of self-propelling and jamming. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Physics & Astronomy First Advisor Douglas J. Durian Subject Categories Condensed Matter Physics This dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn. edu/edissertations/125 AIR-FLUIDIZED GRAINS AS A MODEL SYSTEM: SELF-PROPELLING AND JAMMING
Avaliação do Impacto da Temperatura e Umidade em Sensores de Baixo Custo de Material Particulado

Sensores de baixo custo de material particulado (MP-BC) vêm sendo estudados ao redor do mundo como alternativa viável às custosas estações de referência para monitoramento de qualidade do ar. Porém, sensores de MP-BC são imprecisos e sujeitos a incertezas, sofrendo com as condições do ambiente em que operam. Este trabalho analisa o impacto da temperatura e umidade em 5 sensores MP-BC durante um período de 4 meses. Os sensores MP-BC são comparados com um equipamento de referência visando propor uma metodologia para selecionar o sensor de MP-BC que comporá uma estação de baixo custo de qualidade do ar no contexto de cidades inteligentes. Resultados demostram que os sensores avaliados apresentam maior correlação com o equipamento de referência quando são retirados da amostra leituras em que temperatura e umidade são críticas.
Estrus and fertility responses in acyclic ewes treated with short, medium or long-term GnRH-PGF2α-GnRH protocols supplemented with intra-vaginal progesterone therapy

The present study was conducted with the aim to compare the effectiveness of the short-term (5 days), moderateterm (8 days) and long-term (12 days) progesterone therapy in the form of intravaginal AVIKESIL-S® progesterone sponge developed by CSWRI, Avikanagar (Rajasthan), during modified GnRH-PGF2α-GnRH treatments during non-breeding season (May-July) in crossbred (Nali×Rambuillet) ewes. The seasonal anestrus ewes were enrolled into four groups. In Group 1 (n=50), ewes were treated with GnRH on day 0, PGF2α on day 5, and second GnRH on day 7 plus progesterone supplementation with intravaginal progesterone sponge from day 0 to day 5 while in Group-2 (n=50), ewes were treated with GnRH on day 0, PGF2α on day 8, and second GnRH on day 9 plusprogesterone supplementation with intravaginal progesterone sponge from day 0 to day 8. Further, in Group 3(n=50), ewes were treated with GnRH on day 0 and PGF2α on day 12 and second GnRH on day 13 plus progesteronesupplementation with intravaginal AVIKESIL-S® sponge from day 0 to day 12. Group 4 (n=50), comprised ofuntreated control animals. Results showed that estrus synchronization rate (%) was significantly higher in Group 2and Group 3 in comparison to Group 4 (control). There was significant difference in the duration of estrus, pregnancy rate, lambing rate in Group 2 as compared to Group 4 (control) but prolificacy and fecundity were not statistically significant (p>0.01) among the groups during out of breeding season. Thus, modified Ovsynch protocol with 8-day progesterone therapy is better for augmenting fertility in crossbred ewes during non-breeding season.
A Supervised Link Prediction Method Using Optimized Vertex Collocation Profile

Classical link prediction methods mainly utilize vertex information and topological structure to predict missing links in networks. However, accessing vertex information in real-world networks, such as social networks, is still challenging. Moreover, link prediction methods based on topological structure are usually heuristic, and mainly consider common neighbors, vertex degrees and paths, which cannot fully represent the topology context. In recent years, network embedding models have shown efficiency for link prediction, but they lack interpretability. To address these issues, this paper proposes a novel link prediction method based on an optimized vertex collocation profile (OVCP). First, the 7-subgraph topology was proposed to represent the topology context of vertexes. Second, any 7-subgraph can be converted into a unique address by OVCP, and then we obtained the interpretable feature vectors of vertexes. Third, the classification model with OVCP features was used to predict links, and the overlapping community detection algorithm was employed to divide a network into multiple small communities, which can greatly reduce the complexity of our method. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve a promising performance compared with traditional link prediction methods, and has better interpretability than network-embedding-based methods.
Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning: Challenges and Opportunities

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a disease that impacts the central nervous system (CNS), which can lead to brain, spinal cord, and optic nerve problems. A total of 2.8 million are estimated to suffer from MS. Globally, a new case of MS is reported every five minutes. In this review, we discuss the proposed approaches to diagnosing MS using machine learning (ML) published between 2011 and 2022. Numerous models have been developed using different types of data, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical data. We identified the methods that achieved the best results in diagnosing MS. The most implemented approaches are SVM, RF, and CNN. Moreover, we discussed the challenges and opportunities in MS diagnosis to improve AI systems to enable researchers and practitioners to enhance their approaches and improve the automated diagnosis of MS. The challenges faced by automated MS diagnosis include difficulty distinguishing the disease from other diseases showing similar symptoms, protecting the confidentiality of the patients’ data, achieving reliable ML models that are also easily understood by non-experts, and the difficulty of collecting a large reliable dataset. Moreover, we discussed several opportunities in the field such as the implementation of secure platforms, employing better AI solutions, developing better disease prognosis systems, combining more than one data type for better MS prediction and using OCT data for diagnosis, utilizing larger, multi-center datasets to improve the reliability of the developed models, and commercialization.
International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS)

Received Dec 13, 2021 Revised Aug 2, 2022 Accepted Sep 1, 2022 This study aimed to investigate whether a personality disposition called perfectionism plays a significant role in predicting the sense of mattering. The role of two major elements of perfectionism, namely evaluative concern perfectionism (ECP) and personal standard perfectionism (PSP) was investigated. ECP was considered as the predictor due to the nature of its contingency upon one’s perception of others’ standard of acceptance, while PSP was included as a moderator because the level of personal standard might determine how ECP predicts the sense of mattering. Participants were purposively recruited to make sure that they were members of Generation-Z (Gen-Z). As many as 130 undergraduate students aged 18 to 24 years old were asked to respond to the subscales of the Frost multidimensional perfectionism scale and the interpersonal mattering scale through an online survey. The data was analyzed with a help of the software of PROCESS Macro for bootstrapping method with 95% confidence interval and 5,000 samplings. The results revealed that when PSP is at its highest levels, the link between ECP and mattering is no longer significant. Thus, a perfectionist individual tends to feel they matter more when their concern about others’ opinions is higher, but not when they have higher levels of personal standards.
Natural science and metaphysics

Acknowledgements Part I. Measurment in Quantum Theory: 1. Role of the observer in quantum theory 2. Approximate measurement in quantum mechanics with Mary H. Fehrs 3. Proposed neutron interferometer test of some non-linear variants of wave mechanics 4. Desiderata for modified quantum mechanics 5. Filters with infinitely many components 6. Proposed neutron interferometer observation of the sign change of a spinor due to 2? precession with Michael A. Horne Part II. Quantum Entaglement and Nonlocality: 7. Experimental consequences of local hidden-variable theories 8. An exposition of Bell's theorem 9. Contextual hidden variables theories and Bell's inequalities 10. Controllable and uncontrollable nonlocality 11. Events and processes in the quantum world 12. An exchange on local beables: comment on Bell's theory with Michael A. Horne and John F. Clauser 13. Physical and philosophical issues of the Bohr-Einstein debate Part III. Complex Systems: 14. The methodology of synthesis: parts and wholes in low energy physics 15. Some proposals concerning parts and wholes 16. The non-existence of a principle of natural selection: reply to Sober Part IV. Time: 17. Towards a revision of the protophysics of time 18. The transient now Part V. The Mental and the Physical: 19. Quantum physics and the philosophy of Whitehead 20. Reflections on the philosophy of Bohr, Heisenberg and Schrodinger 21. Wave-packet reduction as a medium of communication with Joseph Hall, Christopher Kim, and Brian MecElroy Index.
On Total Sojourn Time in Acyclic Jackson Networks

Abstract : In this paper, we compute the mean of the equilibrium (steady-state) total sojourn time distribution for the important class of infinite capacity acyclic Jackson networks with a single server at each node. In addition, for those acyclic Jackson networks with a 'tree-like' structure, we derive the Laplace transform of the equilibrium total sojourn time distribution and then give a simple recursive procedure for computing the higher moments of the distribution. Such basic results should prove helpful in testing procedures for simulation output analysis of infinite capacity open networks of queues.
The Portrayal of Sutter Keely’s Defense Mechanism During Adolesence In The Spectacular Now

This thesis is written to analyze the main character, Sutter Keely, in The Spectacular Now by Tim Tharp, who struggles his adolescence without proper parental guidance. He is also dealing with failed romantic relationships that influence in how he grows as an adolescent. In this novel, he uses several defense mechanisms on daily basis to deal with issues and difficulties in his life. This thesis aims to identify the triggers, the kinds, and the effects of his defense mechanisms. This thesis uses Freudian psychoanalysis theory and its branch, defense mechanism, as the main theories. Library research and exponential approach are used to help the writer to get the desirable results. The result of this thesis reveals that the main triggers of his defense mechanisms are his family and his failed romantic relationships. The defense mechanisms he uses are rationalization, displacement, suppression, denial, altruism, and distortion. The effects of his defense mechanisms bring more negative results to his life.Keywords: adolescence; defense mechanisms; Freudian Psychoanalysis.
Current Nanomedicine for Targeted Vascular Disease Treatment: Trends and Perspectives

Nanotechnology has been developed to deliver cargos effectively to the vascular system. Nanomedicine is a novel and effective approach for targeted vascular disease treatment including atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, strokes, peripheral arterial disease, and cancer. It has been well known for some time that vascular disease patients have a higher cancer risk than the general population. During atherogenesis, the endothelial cells are activated to increase the expression of adhesion molecules such as Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM-1), Vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM-1), E-selectin, and P-selectin. This biological activation of endothelial cells gives a targetability clue for nanoparticle strategies. Nanoparticle formation has a passive targeting pathway due to the increased adhesion molecule expression on the cell surface as well as increased cell activation. In addition, the VCAM-1-targeting peptide has been widely used to target the inflamed endothelial cells. Biomimetic nanoparticles using platelet and leukocyte membrane fragment strategies have been promising techniques for targeted vascular disease treatment. Cyclodextrin, a natural oligosaccharide with a hydrophobic cavity, increase the solubility of cholesterol crystals at the atherosclerotic plaque site and has been used to deliver the hydrophobic drug statin as a therapeutic in a targeted manner. In summary, nanoparticles decorated with various targeting molecules will be an effective and promising strategy for targeted vascular disease treatment.