Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Motherly love curbs harm: maternal effects modulate sexual conflict

Strong sexual selection frequently favours males that increase their reproductive success by harming females, with potentially negative consequences for population growth. Understanding what factors modulate conflict between the sexes is hence critical to unravel the evolution and viability of populations in the wild. Studies addressing the evolution of sexual conflict have so far considered direct effects on male and female reproductive success along with indirect genetic benefits (e.g. good genes) to females. Here, we model the evolution of male harm while incorporating male-induced maternal effects on offspring quality. We show that, because male harm can induce maternal effects that reduce the quality of a harming male’s own offspring, maternal effects can partially align male and female evolutionary interests and significantly curb the evolution of male harm. These effects are independent of population structure and the type of male harm, opening a novel avenue to understand the evolution of sexual conflict.
A Design for Graduate Students of Ceit Department Using Community of Practice Framework

Many of the faculty members in Turkey dedicate their working time on teaching, doing research, and counseling graduate students. Although teaching activities appear to be the main workload, conducting research seems to be the most important factor for academic promotions. Therefore, knowledge, skills and experience of faculty has a strong effect on higher education. On the other hand, most of the freshmen-graduate students in academic world don’t have experience design, run and report scientific research by making use of the existing literature, research design and methods. This study focuses on the possibility for new learning environments where graduate students doing their Master of Science or Doctoral degrees could work as efficient as an experienced researcher. The graduate students in the Department of Instructional Technology at a public university in Ankara were observed to figure out the research requirements of young researchers. Community of Practice Theory (CoP) was used as a theoretical framework in doing a course design the requirement addressed in the analysis results. As a result, a new design based on the CoP was proposed, so as to increase the productivity in academic studies.
Turn-Around of Threshold Voltage in Gate Bias Stressed p-Channel Power Vertical Double-Diffused Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Transistors

The “turn-around” of threshold voltage in high gate electric field stressed p-channel power vertical double-diffused metal–oxide–semiconductor (VDMOS) transistors was observed and analyzed in details. This unexpected effect was observed only in devices stressed by enough high positive gate voltages, leading to the gate electric fields above 6.3 MV/cm, and it was more pronounced in those stressed by higher voltages, when threshold voltage shift exhibited very strong dependence on stressing time. The quantitative analysis of the results obtained revealed that stress-induced instabilities of the gate oxide charge and interface traps, due to a complex electrochemical processes occurring in the gate oxide and at silicon–oxide interface during the stressing, were responsible for the observed “turn-around” effect.
Design of Tiltrotor Flight Control System in Conversion Mode Using Improved Neutral Network PID

Considering the high-order, time-varying and nonlinear characteristics of the tiltrotor aircraft in conversion mode, the control requirements and the specific conversion scheme are presented first. An improved back propagation (BP) neural network PID control algorithm is then proposed, utilizing the strong nonlinear mapping characteristics of neural network. In the proposed algorithm, an inertia term is added to the gradient-descent-based weight adjustment formula of the conventional BP neutral network in order to increase the convergence rate and obtain satisfactory control effects. Finally simulation results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed algorihm.
Iterative learning control for synchronization of reticle stage and wafer stage in step-and-scan lithographic equipment

Lithographic equipments are highly complex machines used to manufacture integrated circuits (ICs). To make larger ICs, a larger lens is required, which, however, is prohibitively expensive. The solution to this problem is to expose a chip not in one flash but in a scanning fashion. For step-and-scan lithographic equipment (wafer scanner), the image quality is decided by many factors, in which synchronization of reticle stage and wafer stage during exposure is a key one. In this paper, the principle of reticle stage and wafer stage was analyzed through investigating the structure of scanners, firstly. While scanning, the reticle stage and wafer stage should scan simultaneously at a high speed and the speed ratio is 1:4. Secondly, an iterative learning controller (ILC) for synchronization of reticle stage and wafer stage is presented. In the controller, a master-slave structure is used, with the wafer stage acting as the master, and the reticle stage as the slave. Since the scanning process of scanner is repetitive, ILC is used to improve tracking performance. A simple design procedure is presented which allows design of the ILC system for the reticle stage and wafer stage independently. Finally, performance of the algorithm is illustrated by simulated on the virtual stages (the reticle stage and wafer stage). The results of simulation experiments and theory analyzing demonstrate that using the proposed controller better synchronization performance can be obtained for the reticle stage and wafer stage in scanner. Theory analysis and experiment shows the method is reasonable and efficient.
Reactive navigational controller for autonomous mobile robots

Autonomous mobile robots must respond to external challenges and threats in real time. One way to satisfy this requirement is to use a fast low level intelligence to react to local environment changes. A fast reactive controller has been implemented which performs the task of real time local navigation by integrating primitive elements of perception, planning, and control. Competing achievement and constraint behaviors are used to allow abstract qualitative specification of navigation goals. An interface is provided to allow a higher level deliberative intelligence with a more global perspective to set local goals for the reactive controller. The reactive controller's simplistic strategies may not always succeed, so a means to monitor and redirect the reactive controller is provided.
Science and Skill Acquisition in Junior Secondary School in Ekiti State, Nigeria

This study examined science and skill acquisition in junior Secondary Schools in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The study adopted the descriptive research of the survey type. Participants were 240 science-oriented youths randomly selected from six states across six geopolitical zones in Nigeria. Three instruments titled “Problem of Unemployment in your Locality Questionnaire” (PUYLQ), “Skill Acquisition Programme Questionnaire” (SAPEQ) and “Security Challenges Questionnaire” (SCQ) were used to collect data for the study. The reliability of PUYLQ, SAPEQ and SCQ were determined through test and re-test method and these yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.87, 0.85 and 0.89, respectively at 0.05 level of significance. Two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the data. The finding revealed that employment can significantly influence level of skill acquisition programme among science based students in Nigeria. The finding also revealed that gender has no significant influence on level of skill acquisition programmes among science-based students. The study revealed that employment status and level of skill acquisition can significantly influence security challenges in Nigeria. It was recommended that government should provide employment for the science based graduates for national development. Government should also engage the jobless science based graduates with skill acquisition programmes to reduce social vices in the country. It was also recommended that, there should be no gender disparity while creating employment for science based students. In addition, both male and female Science graduates should give opportunity for participating in skill acquisition programmes for national development.
Vertical stream curricula integration of problem-based learning using an autonomous vacuum robot in a mechatronics course

Difficulties in teaching a multi-disciplinary subject such as the mechatronics system design module in Departments of Mechatronics Engineering at Temasek Polytechnic arise from the gap in experience and skill among staff and students who have different backgrounds in mechanical, computer and electrical engineering within the Mechatronics Department. The departments piloted a new vertical stream curricula model (VSCAM) to enhance student learning in mechatronics system design through integration of educational activities from the first to the second year of the course. In this case study, a problem-based learning (PBL) method on an autonomous vacuum robot in the mechatronics systems design module was proposed to allow the students to have hands-on experience in the mechatronics system design. The proposed works included in PBL consist of seminar sessions, weekly works and project presentation to provide holistic assessment on teamwork and individual contributions. At the end of VSCAM, an integrative evaluation was conducted using confidence logs, attitude surveys and questionnaires. It was found that the activities were quite appreciated by the participating staff and students. Hence, PBL has served as an effective pedagogical framework for teaching multidisciplinary subjects in mechatronics engineering education if adequate guidance and support are given to staff and students.
Hyperspectral imaging - A new modality for eye diagnostics

Age-related-macular-degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in people over 65 years in the western society. The prevalence of AMD arises during old age, due to the generally increased oxidative cell stress. In case of AMD, the symptoms include irreversible degenerative cell processes, like apoptosis, and morphological changes in the eyebackground. Currently, there are no effective treatments to regenerate the visual function of patients with this disease. Therefore, it is essential to develop methods for an early detection of AMD in order to stop the degeneration processes. The cell protein cytochrome-c (cyt-c) has been identified as a key signalling molecule in degeneration processes and apoptosis. In its oxidized state, the protein exhibits several strong absorbance bands in the spectral range between 400 nm and 700 nm. Using hyperspectral imaging spectroscopy, the oxidative state of cyt-c can be detected in real time, without the need for additional biochemical markers, in cell cultures in vitro. Initial studies were performed with two systems. The first system is a high performance uv/vis imaging spectrometer coupled to a microscope. The second system is a model representing the optical properties of a human eye. Reflected light from the eye background was collected in an optical fibre and transferred into a highly sensitive linear photodiode spectrometer. The collected spectroscopic data provide information about the oxidative state of cyt-c during oxidative stress. By using these spectral signals, we will be able to draw conclusions about the biochemical status and degeneration process in cells. The results demonstrate that reflection spectroscopy has a high potential for developing a fast, non-invasive spectroscopic system to detect the early state of AMD.
A Study of the Effect of a “Resting Splint” on Peak Grip Strength

The purpose of this research was to study the effect of a resting wrist splint on the change in peak power grip strength (PGS) as compared with bare handed PGS, and to investigate the role of hand morphology on the results. Ninety-six subjects were tested for (PGS) with a Jamar Dynamometer under two conditions: with and without a resting splint. The results showed that PGS decreased by an average of 13.71 % (1.35 SE) while subjects wore the wrist splint as compared with the bare handed PGS. A paired t-test was performed on this difference and found to be significant (p<.0005). Female subjects (N = 44) experienced a two-fold greater percent decrease in their PGS (18.52%, 1.49 SE) than male subjects (9.97%, 1.96 SE). The results of this study suggest that PGS is attenuated with the use of a wrist splint, however none of the anthropometric measurements taken of the hand and wrist proved to be correlated with the dependant variables, change and & percent change in PGS. Correlational analysis found that the independent variables: sex, hand span, wrist circumference, and hand length had correlations greater than . 5 with both bare and splinted PGS. These variables were entered into a regression analysis and yielded models for the dependant variables, bare and splinted PGS, with R = . 5975 and . 5835, respectively. An ANOVA, however, revealed that sex and hand length were the only significant independant variables (p<.001 and p<.05, respectively). Qualitatively, subjects complained that the metal bar of the splint decreased their ability to grip the dynamometer. In some cases, subjects reported discomfort while gripping with a splinted wrist. This combination of obstruction, discomfort and force attenuation may decrease the amount of force that workers are able to apply during work activities. Hand morphology failed to identify workers who might improve hand grip with the use of a wrist splint. The results of this study have important implications for the use of a wrist splint while performing work activities that require the use of a power grip.
High Speed Photography System of Vehicle/Barrier Crash Testing Laboratory

Based on the characteristic of the shortest time, no repetition and a huge financial loss at the car crash test, High Speed Photography system plays a strictly utilitarian role. This paper mainly analyses High Speed Photography system, from the perspective of a single system we can prove the feasibility about new crash test laboratory, meanwhile, this paper describes parameters, principle of HG-100K high speed camera adopted by our laboratory, at the same time, the application of the camera is analyzed generally in the experiment of car crash test in order to proving its practicability. High speed photography system is described further in the experiment of the car crash test.
Slot misuse phenomena in capacity-constrained airports with seasonal demand: the Greek experience

Abstract Airport slot misuse disturbs the efficient and continuous operation of capacity-constrained airports, leading to congestion and delay problems. Deviations from the coordinated schedule in regional airport systems that feature seasonal demand and delays in certain peak periods are studied in this article. The Greek airport system is considered as a case study. Deviations are quantified by computing the difference between scheduled and actual aircraft arrival times as well as the hourly slot capacity utilization ratio. Two collective indicators for airport benchmarking are proposed. An in-depth analysis of slot allocation deviations and the delays they cause is carried out for a representative sample of airports that are classified according to the proposed indicators. A brief discussion on potential measures to mitigate slot misuse is also presented.
3D LED and IC wafer level packaging

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose new 3D light emitting diodes (LED) and integrated circuits (IC) integration packages.Design/methodology/approach – These packages consist of the multi‐LEDs and active IC chip such as the application specific IC, LED driver, processor, memory, radio frequency, sensor, or power controller in a 3D manner. The assembly processes of these packages are also presented and discussed.Findings – The advantages of these 3D integration packages are found to be: better performance, lower cost, less footprint, lighter package, and smaller form factor.Originality/value – A thermal management system for 3D IC and LEDs integration packages is proposed.
Effects of product experience and product representations in focus group interviews

Although the need for methods for elicitation of customer requirements in the early phases of the product development process is apparent, and many different methods or approaches have been proposed, very little systematic and comparative research has been carried out that evaluates different approaches. The aim of this article is to describe the effects of the choice of participants and product representations as mediating objects in focus group interviews. Four focus group interviews were performed with different categories of participants and different product representations. The interviews were transcribed and analysed for differences in volume and character. The results showed that participants with product experience were able to provide more information than inexperienced users and were less dependent on the information provided by the product representation. The study also showed that different product representations emphasized different aspects of the product.
Electrical resistance tomography to detect leaks from buried pipes

This paper describes a non-invasive method for detecting leaks in buried pipes, which uses a surface linear electrode array perpendicular to the axis of the pipe. Two electrodes inject current and the remaining electrodes detect the drop in voltage on the ground surface using both the dipole-dipole array and a modified Schlumberger array. A single-step reconstruction algorithm based on the sensitivity theorem yields two-dimensional images of the cross section. A personal computer controls current injection, electrode switching and voltage detection, which allows us to easily test various arrays of electrodes and speed up the process of measurement. The system was first tested in the laboratory using a stainless steel tube immersed in water and covered by a rubber sleeve to simulate a non-conductive leak. By taking reference measurements with the immersed bare pipe, it is possible to reconstruct images showing the simulated leak using only 16 electrodes and even as few as eight electrodes, albeit with reduced resolution. Field measurements have involved simulated leaks of water from a plastic tube 1 m long and 8 cm in radius buried at a depth of about 24 cm in a farm field. The hardware system injected 1 kHz, 20 V peak-to-valley square waveforms, thus avoiding electrode polarization effects. The simulated leak was unmistakably distinguished.
Study Routing Metrics Based on OPRM for Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of tiny nodes with sensing, actuating, computation, wireless communications capabilities. Because of node's limited energy, the energy control Routing metric is becoming an important research topic, this paper firstly makes a summary to the existing routing metrics, accordingly analyzes that it is deficient to design routing protocols for wireless sensor networks based existing routing metric. Secondly, finds the several key characteristics of wireless sensor networks communication link. Finally, the energy control routing metric is proposed in the paper and this routing metric is adopted to improve the traditional directed diffusion routing protocol. Simulation results show that the optimization transmits power can reduce lots of power consumptions, which will meet to industrial requirements.
Alphabetic vs. Qwerty Keyboard Layouts for Touch Screens: Hasn't Someone Already Done That?

Forty-eight subjects (24 experienced and 24 inexperienced) entered name and address data on three types of keyboard layouts, the standard QWERTY, an alphabetic, and a random layout (as a control condition). Each keyboard was used in a squared arrangement where the keys were arranged in perfectly aligned rows and columns, and an offset version, where for every other row, the columns were slightly offset. The data show both preference and performance advantages for the QWERTY arrangement. Recommendations for design are discussed
Methanococcoides

Me.tha. no.coc. co'i.des. Gr. adj. suff. ‐oides similar to; N.L. neut. n. Methanococcoides organism similar to Methanococcus. Euryarchaeota / Methanomicrobia / Methanosarcinales / Methanosarcinaceae / Methanococcoides The genus Methanococcoides comprises four species, Methanococcoides methylutens, Methanococcoides burtonii, Methanococcoides alaskense, and Methanococcoides vulcani. Cells are irregular cocci, 0.5–3 μm in diameter, occurring singly or in pairs, and may be motile. Clumps of cells can also observed. Cells exhibit a blue‐green autofluorescence under UV illumination. The cell wall consists of a very thin protein S‐layer, approximately 10‐nm thick. Susceptible to lysis by hypotonic or detergent shock. Eurypsychrophilic to mesophilic. Strict anaerobe. Neutrophilic. Halophilic, optimal salinity near seawater. Cells can dismutate methylamines, methanol, glycine betaine, choline, tetramethylammonium, dimethyl sulfide, methyliodide, and N,N‐dimethylethanolamine for growth, but cannot catabolize acetate, dimethylsulfide, H2/CO2, or formate. Methanococcoides spp. are members of the phylum Euryarchaeota, class Methanomicrobia, order Methanosarcinales, and family Methanosarcinaceae. Known habitats are deep‐sea mud volcano, marine anoxic sediment, hypolimnion Ace Lake, mangrove swamp, deep hypersaline anoxic basin, and hydrothermal vents. DNA G + C content (mol%): 40.8–44. Type species: Methanococcoides methylutens Sowers and Ferry 1983, VL17.
Extracting mode shapes from area vibration response measurements on damped structures

Laser techniques are commonly used to measure structural vibration responses with high spatial resolution over an extended area. Forced mode shapes will generally be similar to natural mode shapes and undamped mode shapes, if the damping is not too great nor the modal spacing too close. When this is not the case, the real components of forced mode shapes of close modes, and of the response at an off-resonant frequency, can be combined to reveal the corresponding natural mode shapes. These components are combined in proportions calculated to fit natural mode shape data extracted from frequency responses, measured at a relatively small number of suitable points within the scanned area. Procedures may be varied to suit different measurement techniques; continuous-scan LDV techniques offer the possibility of fitting to line-scan polynomial coefficients instead of the amplitudes at specific points thus reducing the time needed for the data acquisition. All the techniques promise considerable economies in test measurement timescales.
Self-adaptive Algorithm SESP based on Energy Assessment of Wireless Sensor Network Node

The energy of the nodes of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is finite. For the extension of the lifespan of the nodes, we propose a self-adaptive algorithm (SESP) based on energy assessment of WSN nodes with identical hardware model and same parameters. SESP is able to choose the cluster head without sending message to learn the surplus energy of other nodes, thus reducing in-cluster communication and simplifying the calculation of energy assessment, and eventually reducing energy consumption of WSN nodes and extending their lifespan. Index Terms - WSN, energy consumption of WSN node, energy assessment, self-adaptive algorithm