Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computations and modeling of oil transport between piston lands and liner in internal combustion engines

The consumption of lubricating oil in internal combustion engines is a continuous interest for engine developers and remains to be one of the least understood areas. A better understanding on oil transport is critical to an optimization of engine designs, and advanced analytical tools are essential to the achievement of reduced frictions without compromising oil consumption. Oil transport from piston lands to a liner, hereafter called "bridging", has been observed in engine tests. The additional oil transferred to the liner becomes a potential source of oil consumption through ring-liner interaction. Thus, it is important to develop more quantitative models to better analyze bridging. The objective of this work is to obtain a more in-depth understanding on the oil transport between piston lands and liner and provide quantitative models of the oil transport mechanisms. Multiphase Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was employed together with analyses of experimental observations. Three categories of bridging were identified: assisted bridging, self-sustained bridging, and reverse bridging. While assisted bridging involves an axial oil flow across an entire piston land, the other two phenomena are localized and become prominent at low engine speeds. The mechanisms of each phenomenon were analyzed in this work. Correlations and theoretical models were developed to associate the risk of bridging with geometrical designs of a piston and operating conditions of an engine. Particularly, the theoretical model of self-sustained bridging contributes to the optimization of geometrical designs of the third land of a piston ring pack. This work constitutes a major step towards a further quantification of oil transport. Some findings and models presented in this work can readily contribute to providing optimal solutions to certain piston regions. Furthermore, the results of this work serve broader purposes in providing boundary conditions to other interactions in a piston ring pack.
Prophet Inequalities for Independent and Identically Distributed Random Variables from an Unknown Distribution

A central object of study in optimal stopping theory is the single-choice prophet inequality for independent and identically distributed random variables: given a sequence of random variables X 1 , ::: , X n drawn independently from the same distribution, the goal is to choose a stopping time τ such that for the maximum value of α and for all distributions, E [ X τ ] ≥ α · E [ max t X t ] . What makes this problem challenging is that the decision whether τ " t may only depend on the values of the random variables X 1 , ::: , X t and on the distribution F . For a long time, the best known bound for the problem had been α ≥ 1 − 1 = e ≈ 0 : 632, but recently a tight bound of α ≈ 0 : 745 was obtained. The case where F is unknown, such that the decision whether τ " t may depend only on the values of the random variables X 1 , ::: , X t , is equally well motivated but has received much less attention. A straightforward guarantee for this case of α ≥ 1 = e ≈ 0 : 368 can be derived from the well-known optimal solution to the secretary problem, where an arbitrary set of values arrive in random order and the goal is to maximize the probability of selecting the largest value. We show that this bound is in fact tight. We then investigate the case where the stopping time may additionally depend on a limited number of samples from F , and we show that, even with o ( n ) samples, α ≤ 1 = e . On the other hand, n samples allow for a signi ﬁ cant improvement, whereas O ( n 2 ) samples are equivalent to knowledge of the distribution: spe- ci ﬁ cally, with n samples, α ≥ 1 − 1 = e ≈ 0 : 632 and α ≤ ln ( 2 ) ≈ 0 : 693, and with O ( n 2 ) samples, α ≥ 0 : 745 − ε for any ε > 0. that could conceivably be used to go beyond 1 − 1 = e . We also show a parametric upper bound for
A Novel Relay Selection Strategy for RF Energy Harvested Communication Network

The utilization of Radio Frequency (RF) Energy Harvesting (EH) in wireless communication networks has become popular in recent years. It not only helps in powering the network nodes having limited energy but also assists in data transmission. A dual-hop relay-assisted network with energy harvesting capability is taken into consideration in this work. The performance of a relay-assisted cooperative network greatly depends on the selection of a set of best performing relays or a best relay from a given set of relays, whichever applicable. However, only one relay selected on the basis of optimized performance may not perform in the best way throughout in the network. In order to address this problem, a new relay selection strategy has been discussed in this work aiming at selecting the best four relays from a given set of available relays instead of selecting a single best relay. The proposed model has been simulated using MATLAB R2015a platform. The throughput performance of the wireless network incorporating the new relay selection algorithm has been analyzed. Moreover, a comparative study of the proposed work with some of the other existing works has also been presented here.
Advancements in Heart Transplantation: Donor-Derived Cell-Free DNA as Next-Generation Biomarker

Heart failure, particularly in its advanced stages, significantly impacts quality of life. Despite progress in Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy (GDMT) and invasive treatments, heart transplantation (HT) remains the primary option for severe cases. However, complications such as graft rejection present significant challenges that necessitate effective monitoring. Endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) is the gold standard for detecting rejection, but its invasive nature, associated risks, and healthcare costs have shifted interest in non-invasive techniques. Donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA) has gained attention as a promising non-invasive biomarker for monitoring graft rejection. Compared to EMB, dd-cfDNA detects graft rejection early and enables clinicians to adjust immunosuppression promptly. Despite its advantages, dd-cfDNA testing faces challenges, such as the need for specialized technology and potential inaccuracies due to other clinical conditions. Additionally, dd-cfDNA cannot yet differentiate between types of graft rejection, and its effectiveness in chronic rejection remains unclear. Research is ongoing to set precise standards for dd-cfDNA levels, which would enhance its diagnostic accuracy and help in clinical decisions. The article also points to the future of HT monitoring, which may involve combining dd-cfDNA with other biomarkers and integrating artificial intelligence to improve diagnostic capabilities and personalize patient care. Furthermore, it emphasizes both global and racial inequalities in dd-cfDNA testing and the ethical issues related to its use in transplant medicine.
Phosphodiesterase type 5 and high altitude pulmonary hypertension

Background: This study explored phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibition as a strategy for treating high altitude pulmonary arterial hypertension (HAPH). Methods: 689 subjects (313 men) of mean (SD) age 44 (0.6) years living above 2500 m were screened for HAPH by medical examination and electrocardiography, and 188 (27%) met the criteria for right ventricular hypertrophy. 44 underwent cardiac catheterisation and 29 (66%) had a resting mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) above 25 mm Hg. 22 patients with a raised mean PAP were randomised to receive sildenafil (25 or 100 mg) or matching placebo taken 8 hourly for 12 weeks. Results: At 3 months, patients on sildenafil 25 mg 8 hourly (n = 9) had a significantly (p = 0.018) lower mean PAP (−6.9 mm Hg) at the end of the dosing interval than those on placebo (n = 8) (95% CI −12.4 to −1.3). The treatment effect for sildenafil 100 mg 8 hourly (n = 5) compared with placebo was −6.4 mm Hg (95% CI −12.9 to 0.1). Both doses improved 6 minute walk distance, the lower dose by 45.4 m (95% CI 11.5 to 79.4; p = 0.011) and the higher dose by 40.0 m (95% CI 0.2 to 79.8; p = 0.049). Sildenafil was well tolerated. Necroscopic lung specimens from three subjects with HAPH showed abundant PDE5 in the muscular coat of remodelled pulmonary arterioles. Conclusions: PDE5 is an attractive drug target for the treatment of HAPH and a larger study of the long term effects of PDE5 inhibition in HAPH is warranted.
LRE For Preschool Children with Handicaps: What We Know, What We Should Be Doing

There were two vivid images in my mind as I began to prepare this address, images from the distant and not so distant past. These images were seemingly unrelated, at least until I started to put pen to paper. The first image is one that many of you may have shared. More than 25 years ago I stared naively into the TV set one evening to see George C. Wallace, then governor of Alabama, surrounded by his state troopers and they surrounded by their German shepherds, proclaiming with righteous indignation— "Segregation Yesterday, Segregation Today, Segregation Tomorrow. " Somehow that image and those words penetrated my mindless teenage psyche. That sound-bite brought me face-to-face with a well-hidden reality in south Texas. I learned in that instance something about hatred, something about being second class, something about being devalued. That disgusting scene at the University of Alabama changed my life in a profound way. And it occurs to me that had George Wallace said "Segregation Yesterday, Segregation Today, and we hope Segregation Tomorrow," I might have missed the point. But he didn't, and I didn't, and his absolutist, no negotiation, no compromise position somehow rallied my sleeping consciousness, and of course my opposition. In hindsight, it is interesting to speculate how George Wallace's infamous rhetoric marked the beginning of the end of racial segregation at Alabama. It is also interesting to look back on the history of people with disabilities and wonder if the staunchest of the disability segregationists haven't summoned their own demise with similarly inflammatory rhetoric and absolutism. The second image is more recent. Just a couple of years ago I was at a special education conference in Washington, DC, at which the popular button for display was the familiar Ghost Busters symbol with the words, Just Say Mo to Segregation. " I bought one myself and wore it proudly, although I must admit that my first thought was of Nancy Reagan and her own inept version, 'Just Say No to Drugs. " Upon further reflection, the similarities between Nancy Reagan's war of words on drugs and 'Just Say No to Segregation" have unfortunately grown more evident. Both placards embody a sentiment that cannot easily be denied. Moreover, they echo a position that automatically and unequivocally casts their skeptics in the role of some satanic force from the dark ages, or Columbia. And the terrible irony is that 'Just Say No to Segregation" for people with disabilities also begins to operate a lot like the words from 25 years ago, "Segregation Yesterday, Segregation Today, and Segregation Tomorrow. " For at their heart, these slogans function to polarize rather than popularize; they func-
l-Galactono-1,4-lactone Dehydrogenase Is Required for the Accumulation of Plant Respiratory Complex I*

Mitochondrial NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) is the largest enzyme of the oxidative phosphorylation system, with subunits located at the matrix and membrane domains. In plants, holocomplex I is composed of more than 40 subunits, 9 of which are encoded by the mitochondrial genome (NAD subunits). In Nicotiana sylvestris, a minor 800-kDa subcomplex containing subunits of both domains and displaying NADH dehydrogenase activity is detectable. The NMS1 mutant lacking the membrane arm NAD4 subunit and the CMSII mutant lacking the peripheral NAD7 subunit are both devoid of the holoenzyme. In contrast to CMSII, the 800-kDa subcomplex is present in NMS1 mitochondria, indicating that it could represent an assembly intermediate lacking the distal part of the membrane arm. l-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase (GLDH), the last enzyme in the plant ascorbate biosynthesis pathway, is associated with the 800-kDa subcomplex but not with the holocomplex. To investigate possible relationships between GLDH and complex I assembly, we characterized an Arabidopsis thaliana gldh insertion mutant. Homozygous gldh mutant plants were not viable in the absence of ascorbate supplementation. Analysis of crude membrane extracts by blue native and two-dimensional SDS-PAGE showed that complex I accumulation was strongly prevented in leaves and roots of Atgldh plants, whereas other respiratory complexes were found in normal amounts. Our results demonstrate the role of plant GLDH in both ascorbate biosynthesis and complex I accumulation.
Multivariate Transfer Function Design

Visualization and exploration of volumetric datasets has been an active area of research for over two decades. During this period, volumetric datasets used by domain users have evolved from univariate to multivariate. The volume datasets are typically explored and classified via transfer function design and visualized using direct volume rendering. To improve classification results and to enable the exploration of multivariate volume datasets, multivariate transfer functions emerge. In this dissertation, we describe our research on multivariate transfer function design. To improve the classification of univariate volumes, various one-dimensional (1D) or two-dimensional (2D) transfer function spaces have been proposed; however, these methods work on only some datasets. We propose a novel transfer function method that provides better classifications by combining different transfer function spaces. Methods have been proposed for exploring multivariate simulations; however, these approaches are not suitable for complex real-world datasets and may be unintuitive for domain users. To this end, we propose a method based on user-selected samples in the spatial domain to make complex multivariate volume data visualization more accessible for domain users. However, this method still requires users to fine-tune transfer functions in parameter space transfer function widgets, which may not be familiar to them. We therefore propose GuideME, a novel slice-guided semiautomatic multivariate volume exploration approach. GuideME provides the user, an easy-to-use, slice-based user interface that suggests the feature boundaries and allows the user to select features via click and drag, and then an optimal transfer function is automatically generated by optimizing a response function. Throughout the exploration process, the user does not need to interact with the parameter views at all. Finally, real-world multivariate volume datasets are also usually of large size, which is larger than the GPU memory and even the main memory of standard work stations. We propose a ray-guided out-of-core, interactive volume rendering and efficient query method to support large and complex multivariate volumes on standard work stations.
Dynamic RNA-RNA interactions in the spliceosome.

SUBSTRATE INTERACTIONS . 4 Ul snRNA-Intron Base-Pairing Interactions: Defining the Splice Sites . 4 U6-5' Splice Site Base-Pairing: Double Recognition of the 5' Splice Site . 6 Base-Pairing with U2 snRNA Defines the Intron Branchpoint . 8 U5 snRNA-Exon Interactions . 9 Recognition of the AG Dinucleotide at the 3' Splice Site . 12
Computer Intrusion: Detecting Masquerades

; . - - - . :: . :. :. :. :. :. :. : : : : :-: -: :-: : : : : :-: :-:-: :- " . ' ' . " ' . " ' , . ' ' , . '. '. '. ' -, . '' . :. :. :. :. :. : :-: ::-: :-:-: .
Activity of elements from the tobacco cryptic promoter, tCUP, in conifer tissues

SummaryCryptic gene regulatory elements are inactive at their native locations in the genome but are fully functional when positioned adjacent to genes in transgenic plants. Although they are widespread among diverse organisms, they have not yet been described in gymnosperms. tCUP is a strong constitutive cryptic promoter from tobacco that harbors transcriptional enhancers, à TATA-less core promoter, and a translational enhancer, tCUP is active in all conifer species tested including white spruce, white pine, Loblolly pine, larch, and Douglas fir. The tCUP enhancers are fully active in white spruce in combination with the tCUP or 35S core promoters. The core promoter is proportionally stronger in white spruce than in angiosperms. It is dependent on an Inr sequence at the transcription start site; however, a cryptic core promoter was found in the tCUP leader sequence that harbors another potential Inr site. The leader sequence is essential for full tCUP activity in white spruce and it can be combined with other promoters, such as the 35S promoter, to elevate activity further. Stable and constitutive expression of tCUP is demonstrated in transgenic trees of white spruce. tCUP provides an alternative system for the expression of cloned genes in conifer species.
Highly bioavailable dust-borne iron delivered to the Southern Ocean during glacial periods

Significance Dust-borne iron fertilization of Southern Ocean phytoplankton contributes to lower glacial atmospheric CO2. Previous studies evaluating the impact of dust on climate estimate bioavailable iron using total iron fluxes in sediment cores. Thus, all iron is considered equally bioavailable over geologic time, despite evidence that glaciers mobilize highly bioavailable iron from bedrock, which winds can deliver to the Southern Ocean. Here we reconstruct dust-borne iron speciation over the last glacial cycle, showing that highly bioavailable iron(II) silicate minerals are a greater fraction of total iron reaching the Southern Ocean during glacial periods. The abundance of iron(II) silicates likely controls the bioavailable iron supply to the Southern Ocean and contributes to the previously observed increase in glacial productivity and CO2 drawdown. Changes in bioavailable dust-borne iron (Fe) supply to the iron-limited Southern Ocean may influence climate by modulating phytoplankton growth and CO2 fixation into organic matter that is exported to the deep ocean. The chemical form (speciation) of Fe impacts its bioavailability, and glacial weathering produces highly labile and bioavailable Fe minerals in modern dust sources. However, the speciation of dust-borne Fe reaching the iron-limited Southern Ocean on glacial−interglacial timescales is unknown, and its impact on the bioavailable iron supply over geologic time has not been quantified. Here we use X-ray absorption spectroscopy on subantarctic South Atlantic and South Pacific marine sediments to reconstruct dust-borne Fe speciation over the last glacial cycle, and determine the impact of glacial activity and glaciogenic dust sources on bioavailable Fe supply. We show that the Fe(II) content, as a percentage of total dust-borne Fe, increases from ∼5 to 10% in interglacial periods to ∼25 to 45% in glacial periods. Consequently, the highly bioavailable Fe(II) flux increases by a factor of ∼15 to 20 in glacial periods compared with the current interglacial, whereas the total Fe flux increases only by a factor of ∼3 to 5. The change in Fe speciation is dominated by primary Fe(II) silicates characteristic of glaciogenic dust. Our results suggest that glacial physical weathering increases the proportion of highly bioavailable Fe(II) in dust that reaches the subantarctic Southern Ocean in glacial periods, which represents a positive feedback between glacial activity and cold glacial temperatures.
Pitting Corrosion behaviour of Austenitic Stainless-Steel Coated on Ti6Al4V Alloy in Chloride Solutions

Abstract This study aims to investigate the influence of adding a coating layer of austenitic stainless steel type 316L on Ti6Al4V alloy on corrosion behaviour. Samples of 316L, Ti6Al4V, and 316L on Ti6Al4V were prepared by hot-press sintering of their powders. The potentiodynamic polarization technique was used to characterize the corrosion behaviour of the samples in 0.9 and 3.5 wt. % NaCl concentrations. The corrosion potential (Ecorr.), current density (icorr) and corrosion rate (CR) of the sintered samples were compared in this study. The results showed that 316L samples had the best corrosion resistance, although micropits were observed on the surface, while Ti6Al4V samples had the lowest. This corrosion behaviour of sintered 316L samples can be interrelated to the existence of a passive layer on stainless steel alloys that can be attacked by chloride ions and causing localized corrosion. In general, the CR values of Ti6Al4V samples coated by 316L were between the 316L and Ti6Al4V samples. The CR values of the samples, in 0.9 wt. % NaCl, did not show significant changes with increasing time, as the CR for 316L values were around 0.003 mm/year, while for Ti6Al4V the CR values changed noticeably from 0.018 mm/year of 0 hr, to 0.015 mm/year for 24 hours. However, the changes were less than that of Ti6Al4V. For 3.5 wt. % NaCl solution, although the same order of CR remained, i.e., the CR values of coated Ti6Al4V samples were between 316L (lowest) and Ti6Al4V (highest), the overall CR values for the samples were higher than 0.9 wt. % NaCl.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Anxiety and Depression in Breast Cancer Patients in Tunisia

Objective : The COVID-19 generated an unprecedented set of emotional challenges for cancer patients. We aimed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on anxiety and depression in breast cancer patients.Method: Between September and December 2020, women aged 18 years old or older with breast cancer (stage I to IV) who have started treatment before the onset of the pandemic were included. They must have an evaluation of anxiety and depression with the HAD scale before the onset of COVID-19. After inclusion, each patient was asked to complete the HAD scale to evaluate her mental health during the pandemic.Results: 100 patients were included. The mean age was 51 years. The prevalence of anxiety and depression before the COVID-19 pandemic were 63% and 43 % respectively. Under pandemic, the prevalence of anxiety was 77% : 25 women had mild anxiety, 29 moderate anxiety and 23 severe anxiety. For depression, the prevalence was 62% : 25 were experiencing mild anxiety, 20 moderate anxiety and 17 severe anxiety. The COVID 19 was significantly correlated with the increase of anxiety and depression rate ( p=0,027 and p=0,005) respectively. Other clinical factors were significantly associated with the increase of the anxiety and depression. In multivariate Analysis including the incidence of anxiety and depression during the pandemic and these factors, COVID-19 was an independent factor affecting the incidence of anxiety and depression (p<0.05, IC=95%). Conclusions: this study underlined the negative psychological impact of COVID-19 in breast cancer patient, showing the importance of the psychological support.
Bootstrap method to evaluate tightness of clusters with application to the Korean standard occlusion study

Dental arch form is an important part of dental orthodontic practice. Distance-based clustering methods are often used to find standard arch forms. In particular, S-J. Lee, S.I. Lee, J. Lim, H-J. Park, and T. Wheeler Method to classify human dental arch form, Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop. (2010), to appear] propose a 1-type distance which is invariant to the location-shift and the rotational transformation. Despite the popularity of the distance-based methods, little attention is given to the choice of the distance which has a great influence on final clusters. We have three goals in this paper. First, we study the properties of the 1-type distance by Lee et al. (2010). Second, we propose a bootstrap-based procedure to evaluate quantitatively how good the clusters are. Finally, we apply the bootstrap procedure to the Korean standard occlusion study and compare the existing distance-based clustering methods in previous literature.
Lie Groups and Quantum Groups

Lecture 4 Jan 27, 2010 16 4.1 Kostant partition function . 16 4.2 BGG resolution . 17 4.3 Dimension formula . 17 4.4 Application to tensor product . 18