Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Famine, social disruption, and involuntary fetal loss: Evidence from chinese survey data

Relying on half a million pregnancy histories collected from Chinese women in the late 1980s, we studied nearly a quarter century of self-reported miscarriages and stillbirths in China. Our results suggest that these two forms of involuntary fetal loss are affected not only by biological and demographic factors, such as the mother’s age, pregnancy order, and pregnancy history, but also by the mother’s social characteristics and the larger social environment. In this article, we focus on how two social and economic crises—the Great Leap Forward famine and the Cultural Revolution— resulted in elevated risks of miscarriage and stillbirth in the Chinese population.
PADI 4 polymorphisms in Iranian patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Aim: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease, which affects many tissues and organs, but majorly attacks synovial joints. Beyond the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes, peptidyl arginine deiminase type IV (PADI4) has been sugges ted to be associated with RA susceptibility. Evidence regarding the association of PADI4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and RA is controversial, thus we conducted this large-scale case-control study to assess the association of rs874881 and rs11203367 PADI4 SNPs with susceptibility to RA. Materials and Methods: Study population (including 665 RA patients and 392 sex-, age-, and ethnicity-matched healthy controls) were enrolled from Rheu matology Research Center of Tehran University of Me dical Sciences, Shariati hospital. Results: Allele or genotype frequencies of the investigated PADI4 SNPs were not different between RA patients and healthy subjects; genotypes (expressed as odds ratios) of rs11203367 [TT 0.98 (0.68-1.4), CT 0.93 (0.71-1.24), P value > 0.05] and rs874881 [CG 0.97 (0.73-1.29), GG 0.98 (0.68-1.41), P value > 0.05] did not affect RA risk. Disease severity score DAS28, RF and anti-CCP antibodies of RA patients were not different between various genotypes of PADI4 SNPs. Conclusions: These findings were similar for haplotypes and diplotypes of rs11203367 and rs874881
Prior Infection and Passive Transfer of Neutralizing Antibody Prevent Replication of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus in the Respiratory Tract of Mice

ABSTRACT Following intranasal administration, the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus replicated to high titers in the respiratory tracts of BALB/c mice. Peak replication was seen in the absence of disease on day 1 or 2, depending on the dose administered, and the virus was cleared within a week. Viral antigen and nucleic acid were detected in bronchiolar epithelial cells during peak viral replication. Mice developed a neutralizing antibody response and were protected from reinfection 28 days following primary infection. Passive transfer of immune serum to naïve mice prevented virus replication in the lower respiratory tract following intranasal challenge. Thus, antibodies, acting alone, can prevent replication of the SARS coronavirus in the lung, a promising observation for the development of vaccines, immunotherapy, and immunoprophylaxis regimens.
THE CAUSALITY BETWEEN INCOME INEQUALITY AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: CASE OF TUNISIA, JORDAN, TAIWAN AND JAPAN

his paper explores the causality issue between income inequality and economic growth for 4 countries economically different for the period ranging from 1960 to 2012. In this article, we applied the cointegration techniques, that means the Granger causality tests (in the long-run and short-run). The results of this paper indicate that the Granger causality in the long-run exist for Taiwan and Japan. Moreover, the Granger causality in the short-run exist in developing countries; Tunisia and Jordan.
Does Corporate Governance and Ownership Structure Influence Performance? Evidence from Taiwan Life Insurance Companies

This study examines the relation between corporate governance and performance and the relation between ownership structure and performance in the Taiwanese life insurance industry. We use the value-added approach of data envelopment analysis (DEA) to measure performance. For our first performance measure, which uses premium income as the output variable, we find evidence that proportion of management shareholding, family-controlled insurers, foreign branch insurers, and insurer age are generally significantly positive related to technical efficiency. The relation between the above variables and allocative efficiency and cost efficiency is similar, but very weak. For our second performance measure, which uses claim benefit as output variables of the value-added approach, the results are similar but weaker. The two most consistent variables that have a positive impact on efficiency are family controlled insurer and insurer age.
Survey of Compliance with Guidelines for the Prevention of Infective Endocarditis by Israeli Dentists

&NA; The object of the study was to determine the extent of compliance among Israeli dentists with the 1990 American Heart Association and British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy guidelines for the prevention of infective endocarditis in high‐risk patients undergoing dental procedures. Of 198 participants in a national random telephone survey of dentists from February to June 1992 in Israel, 64% correctly identified the dental procedures that require prophylaxis, but only 29.1% correctly identified the cardiac conditions that define a high‐risk patient. Most dentists correctly identified the antibiotic of choice and a suitable alternative, but the proper timing of the therapy—both before and after the procedure—was known by only 57.2% of the respondents. Only 57.5% were found to be using a clinically acceptable prophylactic regimen. Graduates of Hebrew‐ or English‐language dental schools were significantly more knowledgeable as to the correct prophylaxis regimen than were graduates of West or East European countries. In conclusion, despite the existence of clear and easy‐to‐follow guidelines for the prevention of infective endocarditis, half of Israeli dentists do not implement these protocols in their practices.
Teleostei : Osteoglossoidei ) from Hong Kong ( Guangdong , China ) with a potential Late Jurassic age that extends the temporal and geographical range of the genus

We identify an osteoglossoid teleost fish Paralycoptera from Late Jurassic volcaniclastic mudstones from the Lai Chi Chong Formation of Hong Kong, China. This partially preserved postcranial skeleton represents the first Mesozoic fish from Hong Kong and the most southerly Paralycoptera to date. A radiometric date for the Lai Chi Chong Formation of ~146 Ma implies a temporal range expansion for Paralycoptera of approximately 40 million years back from the Early Cretaceous (~110Ma). However, spores found in the Formation suggest an Early Cretaceous age that is consistent with the existing age assignment to Paralycoptera. We argue that the proposed temporal range extension is genuine because it is based on recent precise and accurate radiometric data, but given the discrepancies with the biostratigraphic ages further investigation is needed to confirm this. This study provides an important step towards revealing Hong Kong’s Mesozoic vertebrate fauna and understanding its relationship to well-studied mainland Chinese ones.
Preliminary clinical outcomes of a short-term low-intensity Early Start Denver Model implemented in the Taiwanese public health system

The Early Start Denver Model is an evidence-based, comprehensive naturalistic developmental behavioral intervention. Randomized controlled studies indicate that long-term, high-intensity Early Start Denver Model in home-based settings can positively impact the clinical outcomes of young children with autism spectrum disorder. However, it is difficult to deliver high-intensity early intervention in an under-resourced country such as Taiwan. This study evaluated the effects of implementing the Early Start Denver Model with adaptations (including low intensity, shorter duration, and delivery in general hospitals by multidisciplinary professionals) within the Taiwanese public health system. A pre- and post-intervention study was conducted. Sixteen children with autism spectrum disorder (mean age of 33.5 months) received 6 months of one-on-one Early Start Denver Model intervention (approximately 8 h per week). The children showed significant post-intervention improvements in language and overall cognitive functioning and reduced symptom severity in communication and play. This study suggests that delivering the Early Start Denver Model in community-based hospitals may be an effective intervention, with a wider reach, for young children with autism spectrum disorder in Taiwan. The next steps in Taiwan are to incorporate a control group and assess the long-term effects of the adapted Taiwanese Early Start Denver Model program. Lay Abstract The Early Start Denver Model is a comprehensive naturalistic developmental behavioral intervention for young children with autism spectrum disorder. Rigorous studies indicate that long-term, high-intensity Early Start Denver Model in home-based settings can help young children with autism spectrum disorder have great progress in language, cognitive development, and adaptive skills and reduce overall symptom severity. In accordance with the current limitations in resourcing for early intervention in Taiwan, this study evaluated the effects of implementing the Early Start Denver Model in the Taiwanese public health system with some adaptations, including lower intensity, shorter duration, and delivery in general hospitals. A total of 16 children with autism spectrum disorder, aged between 25 and 46 months, received approximately 8 h per week one-on-one Early Start Denver Model intervention. After 6 months of intervention, the children showed great improvements in language and overall cognitive functioning and reduced symptom severity in communication and play. This study suggests that directly delivering the Early Start Denver Model in community-based hospitals may be an effective intervention, which can make more young children with autism spectrum disorder in Taiwan access the Early Start Denver Model service.
TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA LEVEL IN SERA OF SOUTH INDIAN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: CORRELATION WITH ANTICYCLIC CITRULLINATED PEPTIDE ANTIBODY LEVEL

Objective: The present study was aimed to find out the anticyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibody level and expression level Th2 cytokine-liketumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) from South India. Methods: The patients attending the Arthritis and Rheumatism Care Centre, Vadapalani, Chennai and healthy individuals from the Presidency College, Chennai, were enrolled for this study. The study group included 74 patients with RA and 50 healthy individuals without history of RA. 3-5 ml of blood samples was aseptically collected using Vacutainer, and the separated serum samples were transported to the Department of Microbiology, Presidency College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, in cold chain. Anti-CCP antibodies were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Serum concentrations of TNF-α were studied in patients with RA and in healthy controls, using an ELISA method. R esults: The results of anti-CCP enzyme immunoassay revealed that out of 74 patients, all were anti-CCP positive, which included 65 females and 9 males. Higher levels of anti-CCP (456 IU/ml) were present in the age group between 41 and 50 followed by 21-30 years age group which shows 335.28 IU/ml of anti-CCP antibody level. The level of serum TNF-α was measured in the range of 4.6-1082.84 pg/ml for RA patients and6.630-459.74 pg/ml for the healthy control group. C onclusion: TNF-α levels were significantly increased in RA patients compared to healthy individuals. A negative correlation was found between anti- CCP antibody and TNF-α level in RA patients. Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies
A REVIEW ON BETEL LEAF (PAN)

The World Health Organization adopted a major policy change in accepting that most developing nations would have to make use of more traditional medical practices for primary health care. Piper betel L. belongs to family Piperaceae commonly known as Pan. It is extensively grown in Sri Lanka, India, Thailand, Taiwan and other Southeast Asian countries. This oil may be used as an industrial raw material for manufacturing medicines, perfumes, mouth fresheners, tonics, food additives etc. The leaves are nutritive and contain anti carcinogens showing promise for manufacturing of a blood cancer drug. The present review aims to compile medicinal values of Piper betel generated through the research activity using modern scientific approaches and innovative scientific tools. INTRODUCTION: The scientific name of betel vine is Piper betel L. belongs to the family Piperaceae, i.e. the Black Pepper family. In spite of its alienness, the plant is much more popular in India than in any other country of the world since the antiquity. This would be evident from the numerous citations laid down in the ancient literature, particularly the Indian scriptures. In these citations, significance of the leaves has been explained in relation to every sphere of human life including social, cultural, religious and even day-to-day life, which is very much relevant
Correlates of Inserted Object-Assisted Sexual Behaviors in Women: A Model for Development of Paraphilic and Non-paraphilic Urges

In a study designed to investigate the role of conditioning starting before age 18 on adult sexual behavior and urges, retrospective data were provided by 911 women using an anonymous computerized survey. Using objects inserted into their vaginas or urethras during masturbation before age 18 increased by 7.2 fold and 3.1 fold, respectively, the likelihood that they would use objects similarly after age 18. Using an inserted object during masturbation also increased the likelihood of experiencing urges to use objects in relation to the individual's own genitals and/or anus. And, using an inserted object during masturbation increased the likelihood of experiencing urges to use objects in relation to the partner's genitals and/or anus.
International Trade and Gender Wage Discrimination: Evidence from East Asia

The paper explores how competition from international trade affects gender wage discrimination in two open economies. According to neoclassical theory, if discrimination is costly, then increased industry competitiveness from international trade lessens the incentive for employers to discriminate against women. This effect should be stronger in concentrated sectors, where employers can use excess profits to cover the costs of discrimination. Alternatively, increased international trade may reduce women's bargaining power to achieve wage gains. Results for Taiwan and Korea indicate that, in contrast to neoclassical theory, competition from foreign trade in concentrated industries is positively associated with wage discrimination against women.
Does Trust in Citizens Mediate the Relationship Between Internal and External Procedural Justice: A Comparison Between China and Taiwan Police

This study investigates the roles of trust in citizens and compliance with agency policies in mediating the direct and indirect relationships between internal procedural justice and external procedural justice among Chinese and Taiwanese police officers. Based on survey data collected from 1,253 police officers, this study comparatively analyzes whether supervisory treatment of officers is predictive of trust in citizens and willingness to follow agency policies, which in turn is linked to their willingness to act fairly and justly toward citizens on the street. The results indicate that officer trust in citizens mediates the relationship between internal and external procedural justice in both China and Taiwan, but compliance with agency policies does not. Internal procedural justice directly predicts external procedural justice among Taiwanese officers, but such a connection is not found among Chinese officers. Implications for future research and policy are discussed.
A holistic comparison between deep learning techniques to determine Covid-19 patients utilizing chest X-Ray images

Novel coronavirus likewise called COVID-19 began in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and has now outspread over the world. Around 63 millions of people currently got influenced by novel coronavirus and it causes around 1,500,000 deaths. There are just about 600,000 individuals contaminated by COVID-19 in Bangladesh too. As it is an exceptionally new pandemic infection, its diagnosis is challenging for the medical community. In regular cases, it is hard for lower incoming countries to test cases easily. RT-PCR test is the most generally utilized analysis framework for COVID-19 patient detection. However, by utilizing X-ray image based programmed recognition can diminish the expense and testing time. So according to handling this test, it is important to program and effective recognition to forestall transmission to others. In this paper, author attempts to distinguish COVID-19 patients by chest X-ray images. Author executes various pre-trained deep learning models on the dataset such as Base-CNN, ResNet-50, DenseNet-121 and EfficientNet-B4. All the outcomes are compared to determine a suitable model for COVID-19 detection using chest X-ray images. Author also evaluates the results by AUC, where EfficientNet-B4 has 0.997 AUC, ResNet-50 has 0.967 AUC, DenseNet-121 has 0.874 AUC and the Base-CNN model has 0.762 AUC individually. The EfficientNet-B4 has achieved 98.86% accuracy.
Valoctocogene Roxaparvovec and Emicizumab for Hemophilia A without Inhibitors: Effectiveness and Value

Ref 38), in anticipation of a forthcoming manuscript. The additional data demonstrate that the proportion of participants with no missed workdays increased to ≥90% with Emicizumab prophylaxis in both HAVEN 3 and HAVEN 4. (Ref 38) We request the report reflect the observations of this patient-relevant metric. Thank you for your comment. We have revised the report to include the missed workdays observed in HAVEN 3 and HAVEN 4. 5. The frequency of infusions required for prophylaxis regimes significantly impacts PwHA quality of life.1 We request ICER consider accounting for treatment burden in the model. We did not find any sufficiently high-quality studies regarding disutility related to factor VIII infusions and consequently do not include such a disutility in the model. We added language to the discussion regarding this potential additional impact. 6. Relative to gene therapy, real-world comparative data on the use of Valoctocogene Roxaparvovec is not available from clinical trial data. However, the PROBE study (referenced in our earlier submissions) provides relevant indirect evidence demonstrating a difference in outcomes for PwHA by phenotype. While PROBE does not collect head-to head data for comparison of specific drugs, submitted data responded directly to elements within the ICER Data Request (bleed disutility, impact on joint range of motion, arthropathy, utility values) for PwHA with severe disease, PwHA with severe disease on prophylaxis, and PwHA with a mild phenotype. Additional data were in-press (now published) reporting on other comorbidities, acute and chronic pain, pain occurrence and interference, pain medication frequency, impact on activities of daily living and use of mobility aids by phenotype.2 PROBE validation was described in prior submissions. We agree that the PROBE data provide indirect evidence on the outcomes of patients with hemophilia by phenotype. We have now included the PROBE data in our discussion on the impact of valoctocogene roxaparvovec on Health-Related Quality of Life 7. The data presented provide important contextual information for the ICER analysis and modeling to establish baselines, as well as indicate potential anticipated outcomes if individuals were to achieve a milder phenotype. It is unknown if someone born with a mild phenotype is equivalent to someone who attains a mild state through gene therapy. Nevertheless, data indicate that the phenotypic disease state does matter, not just in terms of clinical outcomes, but also for patient-important outcomes directly impacting quality of life. While some PwHA living with a milder phenotype still encounter significant negative impacts from their hemophilia, data demonstrate overall improvement across the metrics for those living with mild disease or no hemophilia. The ICER report should include a descriptive analysis clearly reflecting the value of living with a less severe phenotype. See above.
ANATOMICAL AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF Cephalostachyum mannii (Gamble) STAPLETON – AN ENDEMIC SCRAMBLING BAMBOO OF NORTHEAST INDIA

Cephalostachyum mannii is a tall, graceful scandent bamboo with solid culms. It is distributed in Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Mizoram, and Nagaland states of Northeast India. The present study was carried out to investigate radial and vertical variations in anatomical and physical properties in the culms of this bamboo species. The mature culms (3-4 years old) were selected from forests of Amkassar Amlarem village, West Jaintia Hills District, Meghalaya, India. The selected internodes of culms were radially divided into outer, middle and inner zones, and vertically bottom, middle and top positions. The vascular bundles were of Type II and well developed in middle zones of both bottom and middle positions. The number and size of vascular bundles increased from inner to outer zone and decreased from bottom to top. Vessel length and vessel diameter decreased both radially and vertically. Among fibre characteristics, fibre wall thickness increased, while fibre length, fibre diameter, and fibre lumen diameter decreased significantly in both radial and vertical directions. Among physical properties, density increased, and moisture content decreased in both radial and vertical directions. Radial shrinkage was higher than tangential shrinkage. Both radial and tangential shrinkage decreased significantly from bottom to top. The fibres were long, thick-walled and highly rigid, and the derived indices do not satisfy the requirement as a superior fibrous raw material for pulp and paper making. However, this bamboo species has the potential for making good quality handicrafts and basketry.
Beyond culture: Advancing the understanding of political and technological contexts in crisis communication

This study aims to theoretically advance the context-oriented tradition in crisis communication by highlighting the political and technological contexts for understanding organisational crises. Using China as a case, the study proposes a broader analytical framework that investigates the societal contexts’ impact on crisis communication from political and technological domains. The analytical framework includes, first, the examination of the authoritarian regime with a divided power structure as the political context in China. Assessing political ideology, political structure, and political history as political contexts allows for a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of political contexts on crisis communication temporally and structurally; second, the investigation of internet users’ voices in a government-regulated commercial space as the technological context in China. Online participation and internet language thereby emerge as prominent parts of the technological contexts for understanding crisis communication in China. The implications and directions of research are also discussed.