Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Word Sense Induction in Persian and English: A Comparative
 Study

Words in the natural language have forms and meanings, and there might not always be a one-to-one match between them. This property of the language causes words to have more than one meaning; as a result, a text processing system faces challenges to determine the precise meaning of the target word in a sentence. Using lexical resources or lexical databases, such as WordNet, might be a help, but due to their manual development, they become outdated by passage of time and language change. Moreover, the lexical resources might be domain dependent which are unusable for open domain natural language processing tasks. These drawbacks are a strong motivation to use unsupervised machine learning approaches to induce word senses from the natural data. To reach the goal, the clustering approach can be utilized such that each cluster resembles a sense. In this paper, we study the performance of a word sense induction model by using three variables: a) the target language: in our experiments, we run the induction process on Persian and English; b) the type of the clustering algorithm: both parametric clustering algorithms, including hierarchical and partitioning, and non-parametric clustering algorithms, including probabilistic and density-based, are utilized to induce senses; c) the context of the target words to capture the information in vectors created for clustering: for the input of the clustering algorithms, the vectors are created either based on the whole sentence in which the target word is located; or based on the limited surrounding words of the target word. We evaluate the clustering performance externally. Moreover, we introduce a normalized, joint evaluation metric to compare the models. The experimental results for both Persian and English test data showed that the window-based partitioningK-means algorithm obtained the best performance.
The Strategy and Action in the Information Processing Industry Course (S370) at Stanford Business School: Themes, Conceptual Frameworks, Related Tools

This paper provides an overview of the key themes, conceptual frameworks and related tools that are used to examine cases and industry notes in the course 'Strategy and Action in the Information Processing Industry' an applied industry analysis course that we have co-taught at the Stanford University Graduate School of Business since 1991. Through at least two business cycles and an Internet boom and bust the course has explored the impact of relentless technological change, major deregulation, and increasing globalization of competition on the structure and evolution of the information technology industry.
Ahorro en los hogares de México: ¿importa el lugar de residencia?

En este artículo se analiza el perfil de ahorro de los hogares rurales y urbanos en México. A partir de la Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares de 1994 a 2014 se construye un panel sintético y se estima un modelo semiparamétrico que permite identificar los perfiles por edades. Los resultados contrastan con la hipótesis del ciclo de vida, el perfil por edades no muestra una forma de U invertida, hay evidencia de mayor ahorro en las edades avanzadas. Los perfiles de ahorro son mayores en los hogares urbanos, en particular en aquellos con personas mayores y acceso a la salud.
A Contrastive Analysis of English and Albanian Somatic Idioms - A Cognitive Perspective

In this paper we try to make a cognitive comparison between phraseological expressions originating from body-part terms in English and Albanian (taking English as our starting point). Although these languages are distant in space they do have similarities. This similarity / difference is seen better than nowhere else in the way how they conceive of the world (and the way this is expressed linguistically). They are at different stages of their linguistic cultivation where English is in a dominant position (remember here that every technological innovation has knock-on linguistic effects that affect every language including Albanian) and Albanian is in a defensive position since it has to cope with a host of concepts and realities that in one way or another have to be made tangible to Albanian speakers as well. Phraseological expressions are conceived as the tip of the iceberg of a process grounded upon transformational mechanisms (the best known of which are metaphors and metonymy) with emotional coloring adding to the mix. By way of illustration we give the following example: get blood from/out of a stone - nxjerr dhjamё nga pleshti, nxjerr ujё nga guri (extract fat out of a flea, extract water from the stone) Albanian literal translation in italics and brackets. From what we see, Albanians associate the equivalent of the English phraseological unit with water (since they are a Mediterranean country with dry summers), or with fat and flea (Albanians are known for their animal husbandry and meat-related terms).
Digitally democratizing the new ethnographic endeavour: getting thicker around the Geertz?

At the intersection of the unfolding of the seventh, eighth and ninth moments of qualitative research (Denzin & Lincoln, 2006) and the development of new forms of information and communication technologies lies a powerful possibility for the application of more democratic and authentic forms of ethnographic research and representational work. For those who embrace the emancipatory potential of the 'new ethnographies' (Goodall, 2000) inclusivity, authenticity and decolonialist practice emerge as markers of rigour in qualitative research. Digital technologies provide a mechanism to this end by strengthening the data-collection part of the ethnographic process while at the same time opening up rich and evocative means for the presentation and distribution of research outcomes. The first section of this paper looks at the use of a number of new forms of digital technologies- specifically the mobile phone, iPod and digital camera – in ethnographic research work and explores how the forms of data made accessible by these are able to significantly enhance the 'thickness' of ethnographic description (Geertz, 1973). In the second part of this paper, we explore the major contribution new digital forms of technology potentially make to the democratizing and de-colonising of the ethnographic process. In particular, we elucidate the effect of authentic research participant engagement in the research endeavour through the use of commonplace digital tools.
Haptic gas pedal feedback for active car-following support

The research presented in this dissertation focuses on supporting drivers in the longitudinal control of their vehicle during car-following. The goal of the research is the human-centred development of a haptic gas pedal interface that comfortably supports drivers in maintaining a safe separation with a leading vehicle during car-following. Two different approaches were found to be suitable for implementation as haptic information providers through the gas pedal. The first approach was to add a force to the gas pedal dynamics which would have to be related to the safe-field-of-travel ahead of the own vehicle and changes therein. The gas pedal dynamics, that is, the force/pedal-position relationship is not changed by this approach. The second approach was to change the stiffness of the gas pedal by adding a virtual stiffness to the inherent stiffness of the gas pedal. By doing so, the dynamics of the gas pedal are changed depending on the changes detected in the safe-field-of-travel. In both approaches, an electrical actuator provides the additional force or stiffness. The main hypothesis of this dissertation is the assumption that with the appropriate haptic feedback of longitudinal traffic information drivers will adopt a force-task in controlling the haptic gas pedal. Experimental verification leads to the conclusion that the stiffness feedback design with time-to-contact information scaled by time headway performs best in this respect.
Design, construction and optimization of a synthetic RNA polymerase operon in Escherichia coli

Prokaryotic genes encoding functionally related proteins are often clustered in operons. The compact structure of operons allows for co-transcription of the genes, and for co-translation of the polycistronic messenger RNA to the corresponding proteins. This leads to reduced regulatory complexity and enhanced gene expression efficiency, and as such to an overall metabolic benefit for the protein production process in bacteria and archaea. Interestingly, the genes encoding the subunits of one of the most conserved and ubiquitous protein complexes, the RNA polymerase, are not clustered in a single operon. Rather, its genes are scattered in all known prokaryotic genomes, generally integrated in different ribosomal operons. To analyze the impact of this genetic organization on the fitness of Escherichia coli, we constructed a bacterial artificial chromosome harboring the genes encoding the RNA polymerase complex in a single operon. Subsequent deletion of the native chromosomal genes led to a reduced growth on minimal medium. However, by using adaptive laboratory evolution the growth rate was restored to wild-type level. Hence, we show that a highly conserved genetic organization of core genes in a bacterium can be reorganized by a combination of design, construction and optimization, yielding a well-functioning synthetic genetic architecture.
Shigellose

Infektiöse Diarrhöen tragen wesentlich zur weltweiten Krankheitslast bei und sind die 8-häufigste Todesursache. Die Shigellose hat daran mit 5–15 % der Diarrhöen einen wesentlichen Anteil. Die Zahl der weltweiten jährlichen Todesfälle infolge Shigellose wird auf ca. 165000 geschätzt, wobei die Mehrzahl der Fälle bei Kindern unter 5 Jahren in Südasien und Afrika auftritt und ihre Häufigkeit nur von Rotaviren übertroffen wird. Aufgrund der hohen Ansteckungsrate und möglicher Komplikationen ist eine antibiotische Therapie der Erkrankung generell empfohlen, wobei sich weltweit verbreitende Resistenzen ein Problem in der adäquaten Therapiewahl darstellen.
Ecophysiology of Oxygen Supply in Cephalopods

Squids are thought to obtain a large portion of their oxygen via simple diffusion across the skin in addition to uptake at the gills. Although this hypothesis has support from indirect evidence and is widely accepted, no empirical examinations have been conducted to assess the validity of this hypothesis. In this study, we examined cutaneous respiration in two squid species, Doryteuthis pealeii and Lolliguncula brevis, by using a divided chamber to physically separate the mantle cavity and gills from the outer mantle surface. We measured oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion rates in the two compartments and found that, at rest, squids only obtain enough oxygen cutaneously to meet demand of the skin tissue locally (12% of total) and excrete little ammonia across the skin. The majority of O! is obtained via the traditional branchial pathway. In light of these findings, we re-examine and discuss the indirect evidence that has supported the cutaneous respiration hypothesis. Introduction Cutaneous oxygen uptake, the acquisition of O! molecules from the environment into the skin, is likely to occur to some extent in nearly all animals by simple diffusion due to an oxygen gradient from the environment into skin tissue (Krogh 1941). However, the acquisition of oxygen not just into the skin, but across the skin and into the underlying blood or tissues is less
Enriching the Transformer with Linguistic Factors for Low-Resource Machine Translation

Introducing factors, that is to say, word features such as linguistic information referring to the source tokens, is known to improve the results of neural machine translation systems in certain settings, typically in recurrent architectures. This study proposes enhancing the current state-of-the-art neural machine translation architecture, the Transformer, so that it allows to introduce external knowledge. In particular, our proposed modification, the Factored Transformer, uses linguistic factors that insert additional knowledge into the machine translation system. Apart from using different kinds of features, we study the effect of different architectural configurations. Specifically, we analyze the performance of combining words and features at the embedding level or at the encoder level, and we experiment with two different combination strategies. With the best-found configuration, we show improvements of 0.8 BLEU over the baseline Transformer in the IWSLT German-to-English task. Moreover, we experiment with the more challenging FLoRes English-to-Nepali benchmark, which includes both extremely low-resourced and very distant languages, and obtain an improvement of 1.2 BLEU
An introduction to command and control

Abstract : Command and control activities have long been recognized as a vital part of military operations. From shouted battlefield commands to today's information-age warfare, it is those who have mastered the techniques and applications of command and control who have most often prevailed. As critical as it is to our success, it is a topic that is controversial, often poorly understood, and subject to wildly different interpretations. This thesis examines the command and control process, consisting of people, information, and structure, and the interaction between the function of command and the systems that facilitate the process. It is intended to serve as a roadmap for the study of this topic from a foundational standpoint by first exploring the doctrinal definitions used throughout DoD and developing a sense of what command and control is, and equally important, what it is not. It then focuses on the components of the process and the dynamic relationships that exist between them. Finally, it considers our future, as outlined by such visions as JV2020 and Network-Centric Warfare, in hopes of identifying and understanding those things that will challenge us in developing an effective process. Command and control influences every facet of warfare. In preparing for a future that calls for increased use of technology and systems, it is critical that we understand the process in order to remain an effective force.
Quasi-3D tool to analyse of the radio propagation channel

This paper presents practical tool to analyse of the propagation channel in outdoor and indoor radio communications systems. It is based on geometrical optics and the ray launching technique. A quasi-3D model considering 2D propagation in two orthogonal planes (horizontal and vertical) has been used to analyse the three-dimensional propagation of the radio waves inside the buildings.
A Multi-Pass Sieve Coreference Resolution for Indonesian

Coreference resolution is an NLP task to find out whether the set of referring expressions belong to the same concept in discourse. A multi-pass sieve is a deterministic coreference model that implements several layers of sieves, where each sieve takes a pair of correlated mentions from a collection of non-coherent mentions. The multi-pass sieve is based on the principle of high precision, followed by increased recall in each sieve. In this work, we examine the portability of the multi-pass sieve coreference resolution model to the Indonesian language. We conduct the experiment on 201 Wikipedia documents and the multi-pass sieve system yields 72.74% of MUC F-measure and 52.18% of BCUBED F-measure.
A Narratology-Based Framework for Storyline Extraction

Stories are a pervasive phenomenon of human life. They also represent a cognitive tool to understand and make sense of the world and of its happenings. In this contribution we describe a narratology-based framework for modeling stories as a combination of different data structures and to automatically extract them from news articles. We introduce a distinction among three data structures (timelines, causelines, and storylines) that capture different narratological dimensions, respectively chronological ordering, causal connections, and plot structure. We developed the Circumstantial Event Ontology (CEO) for modeling (implicit) circumstantial relations as well as explicit causal relations and create two benchmark corpora: ECB + / CEO, for causelines, and the Event Storyline Corpus (ESC), for storylines. To test our framework and the difﬁculty in automatically extract causelines and storylines, we develop a series of reasonable baseline systems.
Predicting Student Performance for Early Intervention
 using Classification Algorithms in Machine
 Learning

Predicting Student’s Performance System is to find students who may require early intervention before they fail to graduate. It is generally meant for the teaching faculty members to analyze Student's Performance and Results. It stores Student Details in a database and uses Machine Learning Model using i. Python Data Analysis tools like Pandas and ii. Data Visualization tools like Seaborn to analyze the overall Performance of the Class. The proposed system suggests student performance prediction through Machine Learning Algorithms and Data Mining Techniques. The Data Mining technique used here is classification, which classifies the students based on student’s attributes. The Front end of the application is made using React JS Library with Data Visualization Charts and connected to a backend Database where all student’s records are stored in MongoDB and the Machine Learning model is trained and deployed through Flask. In this process, the machine learning algorithm is trained using a dataset to create a model and predict the output on the basis of that model. Three different types of data used in Machine Learning are continuous, categorical and binary. In this study, a brief description and comparative analysis of various classification techniques is done using student performance dataset. The six different machine learning Classification algorithms, which have been compared, are Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, K-Nearest Neighbor, Naïve Bayes, Support Vector Machine and Random Forest. The results of Naïve Bayes classifier are comparatively higher than other techniques in terms of metrics such as precision, recall and F1 score. The values of precision, recall and F1 score are 0.93, 0.92 and 0.92 respectively.
Exchange Rate Fluctuations and Sectoral Performance of the Nigerian Economy (1980- 2016)

The structure of Nigerian economy has changed considerably over the years. The economy is classified into five interrelated sectors; the agriculture, Industry, construction, trade and services (CBN 2016). Some of these sectors have contributed to the national output and government revenue at different point in time. Different exchange rate regimes implemented in the country have had varying degrees of impact on the performance of the economic sectors. Depending on the foreign exchange component of inputs into the various sectors and the export earning potential of each sector, sectoral performance has shown high level of sensitivity to exchange rate fluctuations. Fluctuations in exchange rate affect the cost of production in the various sectors of the economy. It is, therefore, not surprising that exchange rate is among the most watched, analysed and government manipulated macroeconomic indicator as it plays a vital role in a country’s level of trade, which is critical for every free market economy in the world. This paper is a review of the performance of the Nigerian economy in the light of the volatility of exchange rates in Nigeria.
Splitting the e-Abacus Diagram in the Partition Theory

In the partition theory, there is more then one form of representation of dedication, most notably the Abacus diagram, which gives an accurate and specific description. In the year 2019, Mahmood and Mahmood presented the idea of merging more than two plans, and then the following question was raised: Is the process of separating any somewhat large diagram into smaller schemes possible? The general formula to split e-abacus diagram into two or more equal or unequal parts was achieved in this study now.
Whose line is it anyway: graphic anthology drawing the line as a counter to mainstream rape reportage in India

ABSTRACT Published by Delhi’s feminist press Zubaan Book and Toronto’s Ad Astra Comix, Drawing the Line: Indian Women Fight Back is an anthology of graphic narratives by fourteen young women. The book came into being as a result of a workshop held in the wake of the brutal gang rape and murder of a young female medical student in Delhi in December 2012; the incident received extensive national and international media coverage and triggered massive civic protests across the country. The ensuing national conversation around rape was shaped in a significant manner by media reportage which ranged from fact-based reports of the night’s events to impassioned opinion pieces. However, as scholars like Deepa Fadnis and Shakuntala Rao have pointed out, the newsgathering and reporting process is heavily influenced by patriarchal socialisation; as a result, the conversation rarely moves beyond the language of surveillance and control of female bodies under the rhetoric of women’s safety. An anthology like Drawing the Line, I argue, offers a valuable counter-narrative to the problematic public discussion around rape. The anthology explores, in the black-and-white of newsprint and documentary photojournalism, a gamut of issues that undergird rape culture; these include punitive beauty standards, enforced heteronormativity, restrictions on mobility, lack of economic independence, street harassment etc. Equally importantly, the stories articulate a desire for what Shilpa Phadke calls the right to risk and pleasure. My paper, therefore, will explore this graphic anthology as an image-text archive that resists the hegemony of the mainstream discourse by significantly broadening its concerns and offering perspectives that interrogate the status quo’s espousal of the rhetoric of safety.
An investigation of the prevalence and measurement of teams in organisations:the development and validation of the real team scale

This thesis begins with a review of the literature on team-based working in organisations, highlighting the variations in research findings, and the need for greater precision in our measurement of teams. It continues with an illustration of the nature and prevalence of real and pseudo team-based working, by presenting results from a large sample of secondary data from the UK National Health Service. Results demonstrate that ‘real teams’ have an important and significant impact on the reduction of many work-related safety outcomes. Based on both theoretical and methodological limitations of existing approaches, the thesis moves on to provide a clarification and extension of the ‘real team’ construct, demarcating this from other (pseudo-like) team typologies on a sliding scale, rather than a simple dichotomy. A conceptual model for defining real teams is presented, providing a theoretical basis for the development of a scale on which teams can be measured for varying extents of ‘realness’. A new twelve-item scale is developed and tested with three samples of data comprising 53 undergraduate teams, 52 postgraduate teams, and 63 public sector teams from a large UK organisation. Evidence for the content, construct and criterion-related validity of the real team scale is examined over seven separate validation studies. Theoretical, methodological and practical implications of the real team scale are then discussed.