Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molybdenum Disulfide Membrane-based Ultrasensitive Temperature Sensor

We report an ultrathin molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) membrane-based temperature sensor with sensitivity in the sub-Kelvin range. The resonant frequency of ultrathin MoS2 resonators is extremely sensitive to the intrinsic strain of the membrane. We utilize the resonant frequency shift caused due to change in strain to demonstrate the potential of these devices for ultrasensitive temperature sensing. The temperature coefficient of frequency (TCf) of the MoS2 drum resonator is estimated to be −283 ppm/K. We also report the first study on the frequency stability of MoS2 resonators at room temperature. The Allan deviation of these resonators is ~5 × 10−5 at an integration time of 1 second. This study estimates the ultimate temperature detection limit of MoS2 membrane-based device.
A visually guided AGV for use as passenger transport in urban areas

A small passenger carrying automated guided vehicle (AGV) is described which can guide itself along a visual track and detect obstacles in its path. AGV with this capability have been available for some time, but this AGV is very cheap and reliable. The proposed AGV is intended to provide passenger transport in urban areas, in the manner of a taxi. It can provide personal transport from door to door, and so is capable of providing a service similar to a private car, but at much lower cost. It has a vision system whereby it follows a row of white markings and avoids obstacles.
A Thermal Expansion-based Angular Motion Sensor with Detection Limit towards Sub-degree per Second

In this paper, we report an advanced thermal expansion-based angular motion (TEAM) sensor with the competitive sub-deg/sec detection limit based on the identified optimal heater voltage amplitude (Vh). Experimental results reveal the major noise sources of the TEAM sensor mainly consist of flicker noise and thermal noise. Therein, the thermal noise is linearly proportional to Vh, while the flicker noise is inversely proportional to the frequency (f). Besides, the sensor sensitivity is proportional to Vh. Thus, a semi-empirical model was proposed to optimize the detection limit of the TEAM sensor, through capturing the optimal Vh, to achieve a better minimum detectable angular rate (MDAR). Accordingly, the intrinsic MDAR was recognized as 1.4°/s (air), which shows 30% improvement than the previous thermal-based angular motion sensors (>2°/s). Moreover, the SF6-based TEAM sensor exhibits a rather competitive MDAR of 0.4°/s, which is more than 3 times better than a commercial product (1.25°/s, ADXRS645). Thus, the TEAM sensor can be a reliable device for high-precision angular rate measurements in industrial IoT applications.
Antimicrobial Resistance in Isolates from Cattle with Bovine Respiratory Disease in Bavaria, Germany

Patterns of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) regarding Pasteurella multocida (n = 345), Mannheimia haemolytica (n = 273), Truperella pyogenes (n = 119), and Bibersteinia trehalosi (n = 17) isolated from calves, cattle and dairy cows with putative bovine respiratory disease syndrome were determined. The aim of this study was to investigate temporal trends in AMR and the influence of epidemiological parameters for the geographic origin in Bavaria, Germany, between July 2015 and June 2020. Spectinomycin was the only antimicrobial agent with a significant decrease regarding not susceptible isolates within the study period (P. multocida 88.89% to 67.82%, M. haemolytica 90.24% to 68.00%). Regarding P. multocida, significant increasing rates of not susceptible isolates were found for the antimicrobials tulathromycin (5.56% to 26.44%) and tetracycline (18.52% to 57.47%). The proportions of multidrug-resistant (MDR) P. multocida isolates (n = 48) increased significantly from 3.70% to 22.90%. The proportions of MDR M. haemolytica and P. multocida isolates (n = 62) were significantly higher in fattening farms (14.92%) compared to dairy farms (3.29%) and also significantly higher on farms with more than 300 animals (19.49%) compared to farms with 100 animals or less (6.92%). The data underline the importance of the epidemiological farm characteristics, here farm type and herd size regarding the investigation of AMR.
Hybrid Sleep Stage Classification for Clinical Practices across Different Polysomnography Systems Using Frontal EEG

Automatic bio-signal processing and scoring have been a popular topic in recent years. This includes sleep stage classification, which is time-consuming when carried out by hand. Multiple sleep stage classification has been proposed in recent years. While effective, most of these processes are trained and validated against a singular set of data in uniformed pre-processing, whilst in a clinical environment, polysomnography (PSG) may come from different PSG systems that use different signal processing methods. In this study, we present a generalized sleep stage classification method that uses power spectra and entropy. To test its generality, we first trained our system using a uniform dataset and then validated it against another dataset with PSGs from different PSG systems. We found that the system achieved an accuracy of 0.80 and that it is highly consistent across most PSG records. A few samples of NREM3 sleep were classified poorly, and further inspection showed that these samples lost crucial NREM3 features due to aggressive filtering. This implies that the system’s effectiveness can be evaluated by human knowledge. Overall, our classification system shows consistent performance against PSG records that have been collected from different PSG systems, which gives it high potential in a clinical environment.
Universal Personal Networking

"Universal Personal Networking" (UPN) is understood as the ability to communicate and access personal information via global stationary and mobile networks. The goal of this paper is to sketch the concepts of UPN, followed by a description of a number of current research projects. A scenario is defined and advanced applications in future communication environments are described. The project range from end devices over applications like cooperative networking to the specific problems imposed by demanding user-friendly computing and communication.
Downscaling CMIP6 Global Solutions to Regional Ocean Carbon Model: Connecting the Mississippi, Gulf of Mexico, and Global Ocean

Abstract. Coupled physical-biogeochemical models can significantly reduce uncertainties in estimating the spatial and temporal patterns of the ocean carbon system. Challenges of applying a coupled physical-biogeochemical model in the regional ocean include the reasonable prescription of carbon model boundary conditions, lack of in situ observations, and the oversimplification of certain biogeochemical processes. In this study, we applied a coupled physical-biogeochemical model (Regional Ocean Modelling System, ROMS) to the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) and achieved an unprecedented 20-year high-resolution (5 km, 1/22°) hindcast covering the period of 2000–2019. The model’s biogeochemical cycle is driven by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6-Community Earth System Model 2 products (CMIP6-CESM2) and incorporates the dynamics of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) pools as well as the formation and dissolution of carbonate minerals. Model outputs include generally interested carbon system variables, such as pCO2, pH, aragonite saturation state (ΩArag), calcite saturation state (ΩCalc), CO2 air-sea flux, carbon burial rate, etc. The model’s robustness is evaluated via extensive model-data comparison against buoy, remote sensing-based Machine Learning (ML) predictions, and ship-based measurements. Model results reveal that the GoM water has been experiencing an ~ 0.0016 yr−1 decrease in surface pH over the past two decades, accompanied by a ~ 1.66 µatm yr−1 increase in sea surface pCO2. The air-sea CO2 exchange estimation confirms that the river-dominated northern GoM is a substantial carbon sink. The open water of GoM, affected mainly by the thermal effect, is a carbon source during summer and a carbon sink for the rest of the year. Sensitivity experiments are conducted to evaluate the impacts from river inputs and the global ocean via model boundaries. Our results show that the coastal ocean carbon cycle is dominated by enormous carbon inputs from the Mississippi River and nutrient-stimulated biological activities, and the carbon system condition of the open ocean is primarily driven by inputs from the Caribbean Sea via Yucatan Channel.
Combined Pulsating and Capillary Heat Pipe Mechanism for Cooling of High Heat Flux Electronics

This paper discusses an advanced heat pipe mechanism for cooling of high heat flux electronics. The mechanism combines the capillary effect of sintered metal powder wicks with a pulsating motion of the working fluid to maintain sufficient liquid supply to high heat flux regions. The pulsating motion is driven by thermal conditions in the heat pipe evaporator and condenser and can be sustained with proper internal flow channel design. A theoretical model was developed to describe the pulsating motion of the working fluid. Proof-of-concept copper/water heat pipes were tested to verify the heat flux capability of this advanced mechanism. The test results demonstrated over 220W/cm2 heat flux capability, a fourfold improvement over present state of the art heat pipe performance. Comparisons between the test results and the model predictions validated the theoretical model.
High‐Resolution Imaging of Complex Shallow Fault Zones Along the July 2019 Ridgecrest Ruptures

We perform ambient noise tomography using data recorded on 342 seismographs within a 50 × 50 km area inside which the July 2019 M7.1 and M6.4 Ridgecrest earthquakes occurred. We used the locally sparse tomography (LST) method, an unsupervised machine learning approach that learns to represent small‐scale geophysical structures using only data from the immediate study. The Rayleigh group speed obtained from LST better predicts travel times than conventional regularized least squares inversion. The 3D shear velocity model of the area obtained from the surface wave dispersion maps reveals a highly heterogeneous low‐velocity zone (with the primary velocity reduction in the upper 2–3 km) around the causative faults for the M7.1 and M6.4 events, with a 40% reduction of the shear wave velocity. Further, correlation of other imaged LVZs in the model area with parts of the Little Lake Fault System without recent activity may indicate long‐lasting damage zones.
OCP-IP Network-on-chip benchmarking workgroup

This article presents a summary of the work and infrastructure developed by the OCP-IP Network-on-Chip benchmarking workgroup. Network-on-chip (NoC) is an emerging paradigm for interconnecting resources in a complex integrated circuit. However, despite numerous published research efforts, no common NoC benchmarks are yet available. Unfortunately, this makes it very hard to compare NoCs in fair manner and to repeat experiments done by other researchers. To solve these problems, OCPIP has formed a workgroup having members from academia and industry. Since 2007, the workgroup has produced 2 tool releases, 2 specifications, and several white papers as well as other articles.
Daylighting with Fluorescent Concentrators and Highly Reflective Silver-Coated Plastic Films: A New Application for New Materials

The interest in efficient daylighting systems has grown recently, due to their potential for saving a considerable amount of electrical energy used for lighting purposes. In this paper we discuss the properties of daylighting systems based on either fluorescent planar concentrators and transparent light guiding plates or light pipes coated with highly reflective silver coated plastic films. Finally we give first results from a demonstration project, daylighting systems in the students' living quarters in Stuttgart-Hohenheim, which is supported by the Commission of the European Communities.
Proximity effects of a layered periodic structure on miniaturization of patch antennas

A miniaturized microstrip antenna on a planar layered periodic structure is proposed, designed and fabricated. The proposed structure miniaturizes patch antennas in the microwave band. With varying the parameters of the proposed structure, the achieved miniaturization factor can be adjusted in the range 2.6–4.2. Numerical and experimental results are presented. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2013.
Precise Quantification of Behavioral Individuality From 80 Million Decisions Across 183,000 Flies

Individual animals behave differently from each other. This variability is a component of personality and arises even when genetics and environment are held constant. Discovering the biological mechanisms underlying behavioral variability depends on efficiently measuring individual behavioral bias, a requirement that is facilitated by automated, high-throughput experiments. We compiled a large data set of individual locomotor behavior measures, acquired from over 183,000 fruit flies walking in Y-shaped mazes. With this data set we first conducted a “computational ethology natural history” study to quantify the distribution of individual behavioral biases with unprecedented precision and examine correlations between behavioral measures with high power. We discovered a slight, but highly significant, left-bias in spontaneous locomotor decision-making. We then used the data to evaluate standing hypotheses about biological mechanisms affecting behavioral variability, specifically: the neuromodulator serotonin and its precursor transporter, heterogametic sex, and temperature. We found a variety of significant effects associated with each of these mechanisms that were behavior-dependent. This indicates that the relationship between biological mechanisms and behavioral variability may be highly context dependent. Going forward, automation of behavioral experiments will likely be essential in teasing out the complex causality of individuality.
Optimal brake torque distribution for a four-wheeldrive hybrid electric vehicle stability enhancement

Abstract Vehicle stability control logic for a four-wheel-drive hybrid electric vehicle is proposed using the regenerative braking of the rear motor and an electrohydraulic brake (EHB). To obtain the optimal brake torque distribution between the regenerative braking and the EHB torque, a genetic algorithm is used. The genetic algorithm calculates the optimal regenerative braking torque and the optimal EHB torque for the given inputs of the desired yaw moment and road friction coefficient. Based on the optimal brake torque distribution, the vehicle stability control logic proposed generates the desired direct yaw moment to compensate the errors of the side-slip angle and yaw rate by a fuzzy control algorithm corresponding to the driver's steering angle and vehicle velocity. Performance of the vehicle stability control logic is evaluated by comparison of the fixed regenerative braking and the optimal regenerative braking for a single lane change manoeuvre. It is found from the simulation results that the optimal regenerative braking is able to provide the increased recuperation energy compared with the fixed regenerative braking while satisfying the vehicle stability.
Interactions between surface water and groundwater in selected tributaries of the Wei River (China) revealed by hydrochemistry and stable isotopes

Abstract Fast population growth and rapid economic and societal development drive the massive extraction of groundwater, increasing complications for the relationship between surface water and groundwater. To study the surface water and groundwater interactions in the north and south tributaries of the Wei River (Xin and Jing Rivers), China, 17 surface water samples and 30 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed. Hydrochemistry and stable isotopes were used to study the surface water and groundwater interactions in the two rivers. The results showed that the main hydrochemical type of both surface water and groundwater in the Xin River watershed was HCO3-Ca•Mg, while that of the Jing River water was SO4•Cl-Na, and groundwater was of HCO3-Na type. The hydraulic connectivity between the surface water and groundwater of the two rivers was generally weak. The contributions of surface water, precipitation and lateral groundwater flow to groundwater in the Xin River were 48%, 34% and 18%, respectively, whereas in Jing River they were 27%, 51% and 22%. The river in the south of the Wei River has greater hydraulic connectivity than the river in the north. The results provide scientific basis for the integrated management of surface water and groundwater in the areas.
Single wafer encapsulation of MEMS devices

Packaging of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) devices has proven to be costly and complex, and it has been a significant barrier to the commercialization of MEMS. We present a packaging solution applicable to several common MEMS devices, such as inertial sensors and micromechanical resonators. It involves deposition of a 20 /spl mu/m layer of epi-polysilicon over unreleased devices to act as a sealing cap, release of the encapsulated parts via an HF vapor release process, and a final seal of the parts in 7 mbar (700 Pa) vacuum. Two types of accelerometers, piezoresistive and capacitive sensing, were fabricated. Piezoresistive accelerometers with a footprint smaller than 3 mm/sup 2/ had a resolution of 10 /spl mu/g//spl radic/Hz at 250 Hz. Capacitive accelerometers with a 1 mm/sup 2/ footprint had a resolution of 1 mg/spl radic/Hz over its 5 kHz bandwidth. Resonators with a quality factor as high as 14,000 and resonant frequency from 50 kHz to 10 MHz have also been built. More than 100 capacitive accelerometers and 100 resonators were tested, and greater than 90% of the resonators and accelerometers were functional.
A Method of Anti-lock Braking System for Higher Braking Stability of a Three-wheeled motorcycle

This paper proposes an anti-lock brake system (ABS) with a good maneuver performance for three-wheeled motorcycles. The proposed configuration of the ABS method includes signal processing and control algorithm. It avoids wheel lock-up and maintains the controllability of the motorcycles. When independently control the wheels, the proposed method balances the braking pressure of both left and right wheels and reduces the yaw motion of the motorcycles. Several tests were executed to verify the braking performance on the uniform, and u jump road surface. The results show that the proposed method successfully adjusts the braking pressure of the wheels. Braking maneuvers will become safer and more efficient through the utilization of the advanced safety techniques for anti-lock braking and the performance meets the regulations for all the tests.
An active power factor correction technique for three-phase diode rectifiers

A novel active power factor correction method for power supplies with three-phase front-end diode rectifiers is proposed and analyzed. The implementation of this method requires the use of an additional single-switch boost chopper. The combined front-end converter draws sinusoidal AC currents from the AC source with nearly unity input power factor while operating at a fixed switching frequency. It is shown that when the active input power factor correction stage is also used to regulate the converter DC bus voltage, the converter performance can improve substantially in comparison with the conventional three-phase AC to DC converters. These improvements include component count reduction, simplified input synchronization logic requirements, and smaller reactive components. Selected theoretical results are verified experimentally. <<ETX>>
Arthrobacter cheniae and Arthrobacter frigidicola sp. nov., isolated from a glacier.

Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, pink and light pink colony-forming bacteria, designated as Hz2T and MDT2-14T, respectively, were isolated from glacier cryoconite samples. Comparisons based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strains Hz2T and MDT2-14T take Arthrobacter bussei KR32T and Arthrobacter zhaoguopingii J391T as their closest neighbours, respectively. The average nucleotide identity values between the two novel strains and their closest relatives were 83.56 and 93.06 %, respectively. The two strains contain MK-9(H2) as their predominant menaquinone. The polar lipids of both strains were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and an unidentified glycolipid. The major fatty acids of strain Hz2T were anteiso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c) and iso-C15 : 0, while the major fatty acids of strain MDT2-14T were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. Based on these data, we propose two novel species, Arthrobacter cheniae sp. nov. (Hz2T = CGMCC 1.9262T=NBRC 113086T) and Arthrobacter frigidicola sp. nov. (MDT2-14T=CGMCC 1.9882T=NBRC 113089T).
Amantadine resistance of clade 2.3.2 H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus from Waterfowl in Indonesia

The objective of this research was to know the sensitivity of H5N1 clade 2.3. 2 AIV from Indonesia to antiviral drug (amantadine) through molecular and in vitro tests. The study was conducted by virus isolation and identification, nucleotide analysis, and susceptibility to the amantadine hydrocloride in MDCK cells. The study result represented that the mean EID50 isolates of H5N1 clade 2.3. 2 AIV was determined of >108 EID50/ml. The analysis of phylogenetic tree of M2 gene from six viruses of H5N1 clade 2.3. 2 AIV from Indonesia were closed with H5N1 clade 2.3. 2 AIV avian influenza viruses from Vietnam, China, Hongkong. The substitution of M2 protein (V27I) was identified in six isolates H5N1 clade 2.3. 2 AIV isolated from Indonesia. Avian influenza of clade 2.3. 2 H5N1 subtype from Indonesia produced the formation of CPE and the positive HA reaction with non-toxic concentration of amantadine hydrochloride in MDCK cells. The result of genetic analysis of M2 gene for amantadine resistance was related with the results of HA test and the formation of CPE in MDCK cells. These results established that amantadine resistance have been identified in H5N1 clade 2.3. 2 AIV viruses isolated from Indonesia