Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
2D‐TMDs based electrode material for supercapacitor applications

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have been attracted the researchers to design high‐performance electrodes to elevate power and energy density for better performance of energy storage devices. The attraction is due to the better surface area, high conductivity with distinct oxidation states, and the layered structure of TMDs. These characteristics persuade the TMDs to be the most favorable contenders to store energy via a cross‐charge storage structure. TMDs belong to the family of two dimensions (2D) materials. This review article focused on graphene, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), and tungsten disulfide (WS2) based electrode materials for supercapacitor applications. MoS2 showed remarkable chemical/physical characteristics like tunable bandgap, specific surface area, mechanical friction, and high wear resistance. The researchers showed that the nanostructured materials of MoS2 have exceptional characteristics and tremendous potential as supercapacitor electrodes. The MoS2 composites have porous and hollow structures that display better energy storage characteristics. MoS2 has excellent potential to fill the gap as an electrode material for energy storage devices and eco‐friendly applications. There is much opportunity for scientific progress in the interdisciplinary sector. The nanostructures of WS2 have auspicious qualities like good surface area, and excellent electrochemical characteristics, which make the WS2 a super candidate for supercapacitor application. The WS2‐based composites also showed excellent results for supercapacitors and other energy storage devices. Herein we study comparatively the properties of these materials discus as capacitance, energy density, power density, rate of retention, cyclic stability, and electrochemical properties.
A Planar 2-D 8×8 Van Atta Retrodirective Array for RCS Enhancement in a Wide Angular Range

Large-scale 2-D Van Atta retrodirective arrays (RDAs) typically use coaxial lines to form feeding networks, resulting in a large 3-D structure. In this study, a planar 2-D Van Atta RDA with 64 antennas and 32 transmission lines is proposed. By adding an air layer between the feeding network and the antenna array, double-layer microstrip lines can be used to realize a planar feeding network. Different types of length compensation networks are designed in limited space to eliminate the length differences between the 32 microstrip lines. Based on measured results, the Van Atta RDA works at 8.9–10.4 GHz, and the −6 dB beamwidths of the monostatic radar cross section (RCS) at 9.65 GHz are 78° (E-plane) and 90° (H-plane). Compared with the same size metal plane, the proposed Van Atta RDA has RCS enhancement of about 10–20 dB in a wide angular range.
Analytic determination of the eight-and-a-half post-Newtonian self-force contributions to the two-body gravitational interaction potential

We {\it analytically} compute, to the eight-and-a-half post-Newtonian order, and to linear order in the mass ratio, the radial potential describing (within the effective one-body formalism) the gravitational interaction of two bodies, thereby extending previous analytic results. These results are obtained by applying analytical gravitational self-force theory (for a particle in circular orbit around a Schwarzschild black hole) to Detweiler's gauge-invariant redshift variable. We emphasize the increase in \lq\lq transcendentality" of the numbers entering the post-Newtonian expansion coefficients as the order increases, in particular we note the appearance of $\zeta(3)$ (as well as the square of Euler's constant $\gamma$) starting at the seventh post-Newtonian order. We study the convergence of the post-Newtonian expansion as the expansion parameter $u=GM/(c^2r)$ leaves the weak-field domain $u\ll 1$ to enter the strong field domain $u=O(1)$.
Evidence of gravitons as fused photons in four dimensions

A model of graviton momentum transfer was constructed to investigate a conjecture that gravitons are fused photons propagating in four dimensions. The model describes gravitational attraction between two bodies, each of simplified geometric shape and comprised of a calculable number of massive particles (quarks and leptons), as a probabilistic quantized mechanism of graviton scattering that gives rise to gravitational momentum flux. Earth-Human, Moon-Human, and Earth-Moon gravitational systems were investigated to solve for the wavelength of photons that comprise the graviton. The calculated wavelength for each system was approximately equal to the predicted value of the Planck length, which is interpreted as evidence that gravitons may be formed as fused four dimensional photons. The results corroborate current thinking about the temperature at which gravity separated from a unified force during the Big Bang, while explaining the weakness of the gravitational force from the atomic to the sub-planetary scale. Extension of the model produces unique, testable predictions arising from the averaged quantum properties of the graviton as fused photons, and the general model approach may be compatible with other efforts to describe the inner structure of the graviton.
Spin dynamics and domain formation of a spinor Bose-Einstein condensate in an optical cavity

We consider a ferromagnetic spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) dispersively coupled to a unidirectional ring cavity. We show that the ability of the cavity to modify, in a highly nonlinear fashion, matter-wave phase shifts adds an additional dimension to the study of spinor condensates. In addition to demonstrating strong matter-wave bistability as in our earlier publication [L. Zhou et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 160403 (2009)], we show that the interplay between atomic and cavity fields can greatly enrich both the physics of critical slowing down in spin-mixing dynamics and the physics of spin-domain formation in spinor condensates.
Detection of Thermal Fronts in the Arabian sea through SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) imagery

During the summer (southwest) monsoon (SWM), the Arabian Sea’s surface circulation is clockwise, and heavy upwelling happens along the coasts of Oman and Somalia, resulting in high chlorophyll productivity which forms a thin biogenic slick over the sea surface. Satellite remote sensing observations of these features through optical and infrared wavelengths are confined to low resolution, and are observed to have data gaps due to cloud cover and dust storms. Space-borne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) offers nearly all-weather day-night observation capabilities at a higher resolution. In this study, Advanced Land Observation Satellite (ALOS)-1/2 Phased Array L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) datasets are used for the detection and extraction of physical oceanographic features of temperature fronts in the Arabian Sea during Southwest monsoon season (SWM). More than 100 HH-polarized ALOS PALSAR 1/2 images for the years 2007, 2010, 2014, and 2015 were acquired from JAXA during Southwest monsoon season. These datasets were pre-processed and Canny edge detection was implemented to extract temperature frontal features. For further analysis of the results, three length scales for the fronts are chosen by selecting length threshold according to the ocean dynamics of the study area. A few cases of the detected fronts are then validated against MODIS SST imagery. Validation shows that fronts of greater length are validated but some fronts of smaller length are not validated because of unavailability of data at their corresponding locations and also due to low spatial resolution of SST images.
Realization and Simulation Analysis of Intelligent Data Fusion Algorithm Based on Support Vector Machine

Data fusion is the process of combining, correlating and combining the data and information of multi-sensor information sources to obtain more accurate position estimation and identity estimation, so as to realize the real-time and complete evaluation of the battlefield situation and threat and its importance. In this paper, combined with the artificial intelligence deep learning method, a classification and hierarchical data fusion method based on support vector machine is proposed. Support vector machine is a relatively new machine learning method. Because it is based on the structural risk minimization criterion, not only the empirical risk is minimized, so that the support vector classification method has a good generalization ability.
A VARIABLE BLACK HOLE X-RAY SOURCE IN AN NGC 1399 GLOBULAR CLUSTER

We have discovered an accreting black hole (BH) in a spectroscopically confirmed globular cluster (GC) in NGC 1399 through the monitoring of its X-ray activity. The source, with a peak luminosity of LX ≃ 2 × 1039 erg s−1, reveals an order of magnitude change in the count rate within ≃10 ks in a Chandra observation. The BH resides in a metal-rich [Fe/H] ≃ 0.2 GC. After RZ 2109 in NGC 4472 this is only the second BH X-ray source in a GC confirmed via rapid X-ray variability. Unlike RZ 2109, the X-ray spectrum of this BH source did not change during the period of rapid variability. In addition to the short-term variability the source also exhibits long-term variability. After being bright for at least a decade since 1993, within a span of two years it became progressively fainter, and eventually undetectable, or marginally detectable, in deep Chandra and XMM-Newton observations. The source also became harder as it faded. The characteristics of the long-term variability in itself provide sufficient evidence to identify the source as a BH. The long-term decline in the luminosity of this object was likely not recognized in previous studies because the rapid variability within the bright epoch suppressed the average luminosity in that integration. The hardening of the spectrum accompanying the fading would also make this BH source indistinguishable from an accreting neutron star in some epochs. Therefore, some low-mass X-ray binaries identified as neutron-star accretors in snapshot studies of nearby galaxies may also be BHs. Thus, the discovery of the second confirmed BH in an extragalactic GC through rapid variability at the very least suggests that accreting BHs in GCs are not exceedingly rare occurrences.
Medium effects of magnetic moments of baryons on neutron stars under strong magnetic fields

We investigate medium effects caused by density-dependent magnetic moments of baryons on neutron stars under strong magnetic fields. If we allow the variation of anomalous magnetic moments (AMMs) of baryons in dense matter under strong magnetic fields, AMMs of nucleons are enhanced to be larger than those of hyperons. The enhancement naturally causes the chemical potentials of the baryons to be large and leads to the increase of the proton fraction. Consequently, it causes the suppression of hyperons, resulting in stiffness of the equation of state. Under the presumed strong magnetic fields, we evaluate the relevant particle populations, the equation of state, and the maximum masses of neutron stars by including density-dependent AMMs and compare them with those obtained from AMMs in free space.
The spatial representation of non-symbolic numerical quantities

Dehaene et al. (1993) have demonstrated an association between number magnitude and response position (SNARC effect). More recently, this association has been demonstrated also for non-symbolic quantities (see Shaki, Petrusic & Leth-Steensen, 2012). de Hevia & Spelke (2009) have used different numbers of dots as stimuli in a bisection task, showing a SNARC- like effect (but see Gebusi & Gevers, 2011). We investigated the association between representation of non-symbolic numerical quantities (dots) and response position in a simple detection experiment (see Fischer, 2003). The dots were used as prime, and the participants had to press a bar, as soon as they detected a grey square on the right or on the left. Our results (faster RTs for small quantities and target on the left, and for big quantities and target on the right) support the idea of a mental representation of non-symbolic quantities as a left- to-right oriented mental line.
THE FAINT END OF THE GALAXY LUMINOSITY FUNCTION IN A1689: A STEEP RED FAINT END UPTURN AT z = 0.18

We present a deep and wide I luminosity function (LF) for galaxies in A1689 (z = 0.183) from a mosaic of Hubble Space Telescope WFPC2 images covering 10′ on the side. The main result of this work is the detection of a steep upturn in the dwarf galaxy LF, with α ∼ −2. The dwarf-to-giant ratio appears to increase outward, but this is because giant galaxies are missing in the cluster outskirts, indicating luminosity segregation. The red sequence LF has the same parameters, within errors, as the total LF, showing that the faint end upturn consists of red quiescent galaxies. We speculate that the upturn is connected to the “filling-in” of the red sequence at z < 0.4 and may represent the latest installment of “downsizing” as the least massive galaxies are being quenched at the present epoch.
Local unitary invariants for N-qubit pure states

The concept of negativity font, a basic unit of multipartite entanglement, is introduced. Transformation properties of determinants of negativity fonts under local unitary (LU) transformations are exploited to obtain relevant N-qubit polynomial invariants and construct entanglement monotones from first principles. It is shown that entanglement monotones that detect the entanglement of specific parts of the composite system may be constructed to distinguish between states with distinct types of entanglement. The structural difference between entanglement monotones for an odd and even number of qubits is brought out.
Expanding the invasion toolbox: including stable isotope analysis in risk assessment

Species introductions are a major concern for ecosystem functioning, socio-economic wealth, and human well-being. Preventing introductions proved to be the most effective management strategy, and various tools such as species distribution models and risk assessment protocols have been developed or applied to this purpose. These approaches use information on a species to predict its potential invasiveness and impact in the case of its introduction into a new area. At the same time, much biodiversity has been lost due to multiple drivers. Ways to determine the potential for successful reintroductions of once native but now extinct species as well as assisted migrations are yet missing. Stable isotope analyses are commonly used to reconstruct a species’ feeding ecology and trophic interactions within communities. Recently, this method has been used to predict potentially arising trophic interactions in the absence of the target species. Here we propose the implementation of stable isotope analysis as an approach for assessment schemes to increase the accuracy in predicting invader impacts as well as the success of reintroductions and assisted migrations. We review and discuss possibilities and limitations of this methods usage, suggesting promising and useful applications for scientists and managers.
Magnetic fields on a wide range of scales in star-forming galaxies

A key ingredient in the evolution of galaxies is the star formation cycle. Recent progress in the study of magnetic fields is revealing the close connection between star formation and its effect on the small-scale structure in the magnetized interstellar medium (ISM). In this contribution we describe how the modern generation of radio telescopes is being used to probe the physics of the ISM through sensitive multiwavelength surveys of gas and magnetic fields, from the inner star forming disk and outward into the galaxy outskirts where large-scale magnetic fields may also play a key role. We highlight unique pioneering efforts towards performing and scientifically exploiting large-scale surveys of the type that the SKA will undertake routinely. Looking to the future, we describe plans for using the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) and its pathfinders to gain important new insights into the cosmic history of galaxy evolution.
Electronically and Independently Controllable Quadrature Sinusoidal Oscillator with Low Output Impedances

This work presents the quadrature sinusoidal oscillator using two Voltage Differencing-Differential Input Buffered Amplifiers (VD-DIBAs), two resistors, and two capacitors. The VD-DIBA is an electronically controllable active building block with high input and low output impedances that can con-nect to other circuits directly without the buffers. With these distinguished features, the VD-DIBA is employed in this design. The proposed oscillator can produce two sine waves with a phase shift of 90 degrees. Over the entire tuning frequency range, the magnitude of the quadrature output voltages is constant. The proposed oscillator is independently adjustable in terms of frequency and oscillation condition. Moreover, the frequency of oscillation can be electronically and linearly adjusted by the bias currents. The condition of oscillation is adjustable by resistors, R 1 and R 2 . The performances of the proposed quadrature oscillator are tested through the PSpice simulation and the experiment. In the simulation, the VD-DIBA is built from the 0.18 µ m Taiwan Semiconductor Manufactur-ing Company (TSMC) CMOS process with ± 0 . 9 V supply voltages. In the experiment, the VD-DIBA is implemented using the commercial ICs, LM13700, and AD830 with ± 5 V supply voltages. The simulated To-tal Harmonic Distortion (THD) values of the output voltages, V o 1 and V o 2 at f 0 = 1 . 03 MHz are 1.63 % and 1.81 % , respectively. The experimental THD values of the output voltages, V o 1 and V o 2 at f 0 = 536 . 6 kHz, are 1.43 % and 1.00 % , respectively.
Feature level fusion framework for multimodal biometric system based on CCA with SVM classifier and cosine similarity measure

ABSTRACT The multimodal biometric system using feature level fusion offers more accurate and reliable recognition performance than the unimodal system. But in practice, feature level fusion is challenging to perform when biometric modalities have heterogeneous and incompatible feature representation and enforce the final decision more confidently. One of the main concerns in the fusion of features is to drive the highly discriminatory representation amongst different biometric modalities. This paper aims to design a framework for an efficient feature level fusion based on canonical correlation analysis (CCA) with a support vector machine (SVM) classifier to get a highly discriminant and affine invariant fused feature vector. The principal component analysis (PCA) + CCA subspace approach is used to achieve dimensionality reduction and feature fusion in a coherent manner, This approach eliminates the need for a complex matcher/classifier design to process a fused feature vector and also reduces computational complexity. The experimental findings for the SDUMLA-HMT multimodal database demonstrate that CCA on the extracted feature sets of iris and fingerprint modalities results in reasonably better multimodal classification accuracy with a substantial reduction in the feature dimensions. Using SVM, we achieved a classification accuracy of 100%. In this paper furthermore, three different distance measures are explored to test the efficacy of the proposed CCA-based feature level fusion approach. The best recognition performance is achieved in terms of an equal error rate (EER) of 0.176% for the cosine similarity measure. We also compared the proposed approach with the match score level fusion method. The proposed feature level fusion approach excels the recognition performance in contrast to the other literature approaches.
Optical excitation of nuclear spin coherence in a Tm 3+ :YAG crystal

A thulium-doped crystal is experimentally shown to be an excellent candidate for broadband quantum storage in a solid-state medium. The nuclear spin coherence is optically excited, detected, and characterized in such a crystal. The lifetime of the spin coherence—the potential storage entity—is measured by means of a new Raman echo protocol to be about 300 ! s over a wide range of ground state splittings. This flexibility, which is attractive for broadband operation and well fitted to existing quantum sources, results from the simple hyperfine structure, which contrasts to Pr- and Eu-doped crystals.
Stability theorems for GNS inequalities: a reduction principle to the radial case

A symmetrization techique, introduced by Cianchi, Fusco, Maggi and Pratelli concerning the Sobolev inequality, is adapted to the Gagliardo-Nirenberg-Sobolev inequality (GNS) to obtain a reduction step of the problem of showing its quantitative version. More precisely we prove a stability result for the GNS inequality under the hypothesis that it holds, in turn, in the smaller class of radial symmetric decreasing functions.
Quality of reporting and adherence to the ARRIVE guidelines 2.0 for preclinical degradable metal research in animal models of bone defect and fracture: a systematic review

Abstract In vivo testing is crucial for the evaluation of orthopedic implant efficacy and safety. However, the translation and reproducibility of preclinical animal experiments are not always satisfactory, and reporting quality is among the essential factors that ensure appropriate delivery of information. In this study, we assessed the reporting quality of in vivo investigations that examined the use of degradable metal materials in fracture or bone defect repair. We employed scientific databases, such as PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang, VIP and Sinomed to screen for in vivo investigations on fracture or bone defect repair using degradable metal materials, and extracted both epidemiological and main characteristics of eligible studies, and assessed their reporting quality using the ARRIVE guidelines 2.0. Overall, 263 publications were selected, including 275 animal experiments. The overall coincidence rate of Essential 10 (22 sub-items) and Recommended Set (16 sub-items) were 42.0% and 41.5%, respectively. Based on our analysis, the reporting quality of the published in vivo investigations examining fracture/bone defect repair with degradable metal materials was low, and there was a lack of transparent, accurate and comprehensive reporting on key elements of the experimental design and other elements that are meant to avoid bias.
Sizing of Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) for Inertia Response Support

The consequences of environmental issues such as global warming have led many countries around the world to focus on the reduction of carbon dioxide emission through increased integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) in power system. With this increased participation of the RESs, the conventional power plants (CPPs) are being replaced with renewable energy resources which do not provide inertia response (except some reserves must be maintained in the case of wind power plants). As a result, the power system is prone to frequency instability in the event of a sudden load/generator contingency. Utility-scale battery energy storage system (BESS) could provide additional inertia response support in the power system. In this work, a methodology is proposed for the sizing of BESS for inertia support. The energy storage capacity required to provide inertia support during a targeted load increase was estimated.