Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An immersed transitional interface finite element method for fluid interacting with rigid/deformable solid

An immersed transitional interface finite element method (ITI-FEM) is proposed to simulate fluid-structure interaction (FSI). In the framework of finite element method (FEM), the Navier-Stokes equations and the dynamic equation for solid are integrated using the Galerkin method, and the velocity and traction of the fluid are interpolated with those of the solid using the finite element interpolation function. Since the immersed finite element method (IFEM) generates an unphysical velocity/pressure field within the overlapping fluid domain that leads to possible accumulative errors and difficulties in convergence, a ghost fluid domain is introduced to replace the unphysical domain so that the unphysical fluid velocity and pressure are not involved in the equations of the FSI system. A transitional interface is then established to smooth the oscillating solution, along with a momentum-forcing term incorporated into its N-S equations to compensate for the induced errors. Without the inference from the unphysical velocity/pressure, the ITI-FEM has good robustness and accuracy. To validate the proposed ITI-IFEM, a flow over a stationary solid at two different Reynolds numbers and a flow over a moving rigid solid are simulated, examples of the flow-induced interaction with small deformation and finite deformation are also given. The calculated results generally agree with the published results. The proposed method exhibits good capabilities in bio-mechanical engineering application.
On the prisoner's dilemma in Ramp;D with input spillovers and incentives for Ramp;D cooperation

This paper considers a standard model of strategic R&D with spillovers in R&D inputs, and extends the result that duopoly ﬁrms engaged in a standard two-stage game of R&D and Cournot competition end up in a prisoner’s dilemma situation for their R&D decisions, whenever spillover eﬀects and R&D costs are relatively low. In terms of social welfare, this prisoner’s dilemma always works to the advantage of both consumers and society. This result allows a novel and enlightening perspective on some issues of substantial interest in the innovation literature. In particular, the incentive ﬁrms face towards R&D cooperation in the form of an R&D cartel is shown to be maximal for the case of zero spillovers, which is when the prisoner’s dilemma has the largest scope.
The Effectiveness of Billroth-II with Braun Anastomosis in Laparoscopic Distal Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer

Background: Gastric cancer is a common disease in the world, among the leading digestive cancers. Until now, surgery, especially laparoscopic surgery, is the primary radical treatment. In there, reestablishment of the gastrointestinal continuity remains controversial. This study aims to evaluate the term postoperative complication and short-term outcomes after distal gastrectomy with Billroth II (Poly A) - Braun anastomosis for gastric cancer. Methods: A prospective study on 42 patients who underwent laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with Billroth II – Braun anastomosis from October 2019 to June 2020. Postoperative complication and short-term outcomes were evaluated. Results: The post-gastrectomy syndrome with persistent diarrhea accounted for 9.52%; alkaline gastritis accounted for 4.76%. Patients with Grade 2 according to Clavien - Dindo classification accounted for 14.28%. Most patients were with good surgical results of VISICK I (71.44%). 14.28% was with quite good results (VISICK II) and moderate results accounted for 14.28% (VISICK III). There was no case of persistent medical treatment or reoperation. Conclusion: Billroth II - Braun anastomosis is a good choice in laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for cancer with low rate of complications and mild postoperative symptoms that could be easily controlled with short-term medical treatment.
Recent advances in identification of potential drug targets and development of novel drugs in parasitic diseases. Part IV. Plasmodium spp.

metabolites transport and distribution via the apicoplast to the cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, and mitochondrion. Metabolic pathways within the apicoplast, targeted by several antibiotics such as clindamycin and doxycycline, confirmed its drug target potentiality [8] . On the other hand, ferredoxin/ ferredoxin-NADP + reductase (Fd/FNR) system, one of the redox systems within the apicoplast, was identified essential for Plasmodium survival. A recent study demonstrated that both molecules (Fd and FNR) are individually dispensable in erythrocytic stages,
Sunflower Water Requirements Using Single and Dual Crop Coefficients

: A field experiment of drip-irrigated Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) was conducted at the Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba-Basha), Alexandria University, Egypt during 2013 growing season to develop seasonal K c values for drip irrigated sunflower. In this context the objectives were: 1. to analyze the ability of the FAO-56 single and dual crop coefficient models for assessment the regional evapotranspiration and water requirements, 2. to estimate an adequate water quantity needed for the sunflower. The sunflower variety Sakha 53 was cultivated at 28 th April and harvesting was done at 8 August, 2013. Seeds were sown at 4-5 seeds in each hill with a spacing of 0.3 m within each row and 0.6 spacing, then thinned to one plant after 2 weeks from sowing. After emergence, the plots were irrigated by the drip irrigation method. All field practices were done as usually recommended for sunflower cultivation. The irrigation treatments based on replenishment of soil water depletion according to reference evapotranspiration (ET 0 ). The irrigation treatments were; irrigation at 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% of ET 0 . The results indicated that seasonal sunflower evapotranspiration (mm) has higher value with field irrigation approach and the lower value was for standard FAO single approach. The seasonal evapotranspiration (single crop coefficient approach) was less than the seasonal evapotranspiration of dual crop coefficient approach. It appears that ETc estimation of sunflower crop is more accurate by dual crop coefficient approach than those produced by single crop coefficient approach because of using more parameters and taking the soil practices and crop characteristics in consideration. The basal crop coefficient values cannot be proposed for all climates and regions because of different climatic conditions and crop management practice under different regions. The present study recommended that for the present conditions and the same other conditions, the irrigation of sunflower crop must be done according to the dual crop coefficient approach because it is more accurate than single crop coefficient and close up to the field conditions.
Error estimation and model adaptation for a stochastic‐deterministic coupling method based on the Arlequin framework

The paper deals with the issue of accuracy for multiscale methods applied to solve stochastic problems. It more precisely focuses on the control of a coupling, performed using the Arlequin framework, between a deterministic continuum model and a stochastic continuum one. By using residual‐type estimates and adjoint‐based techniques, a strategy for goal‐oriented error estimation is presented for this coupling and contributions of various error sources (modeling, space discretization, and Monte Carlo approximation) are assessed. Furthermore, an adaptive strategy is proposed to enhance the quality of outputs of interest obtained by the coupled stochastic‐deterministic model. Performance of the proposed approach is illustrated on 1D and 2D numerical experiments. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Centre d’Analyse Théorique et de Traitement des données économiques

Socially responsible behaviors represent a growing concern for economic agents : consumers, employees, investors, (cid:133)rms. Indeed, many people feel concerned about the social and environmental impact of their choices ; likewise, beyond their economic impact, companies are being made accountable and responsible for the incidence of their activities, their processes and their governance, in such (cid:133)elds. Firms are required to take part to the preservation and even the improvement of the environmental and socio-economic features of the area in which they are located and operate. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is regarded as one possible answer to tackle market and redistributive failures and help building a new model respectful of social, ethics and economic dimensions. However, as many kinds of stakeholders are involved, con(cid:133)cts of interests may emerge. As a by-product, this paper deals with the choice of designing and implementing a CSR policy and seeks to address the question of its assignment in a multilevel governance framework. We use a mechanism design without transfer approach and we consider a three-tier hierarchy model involving an organization made of two levels of decisionmaking in the (cid:133)rm : the board and the management, and we assume that agents have taste for CSR. Such a policy can be (cid:133)nanced through the funds derived from the willingness to pay of the di⁄erent stakeholders involved in the (cid:133)rm activity. However, the preferences of the stakeholders are heterogenous and represent a private information of them. The board has to de(cid:133)ne which amount of CSR good should be produced or he can delegate this task to the (cid:133)rm management who may bene(cid:133)t from a better knowledge advantage. We show that it is optimal for the board to partially delegate the choice of CSR policy to better informed managers when their respective objectives do not display a great divergence and if their ideal points are highly sensitive to the agent private information. We enhance one type of (cid:133)rm organization likely to make interests converge and delegation be preferred : co-operative companies. They usually promote economic initiative
University of Birmingham Processing of emotional faces in sexual offenders with and without child victims

Socio-affective dysfunction is a risk-factor for sexual offense recidivism. However, it remains unknown whether men who have sexually offended with and without child victims show differences in eye scan paths and autonomic responsivity while viewing facial expressions of emotion. We examined differences in accuracy of emotion recognition, eye movements, and pupil dilation responses between sex offenders with child victims, sex offenders without child victims, and a group of non-offenders living in the community. Sex offenders without child victims looked for longer at the eyes than sex offenders with child victims and non-offenders. Men without child victims also scored higher for psychopathy linked disinhibition, and these traits were associated with looking longer at the eyes of afraid faces. We found no evidence for group differences in accuracy, visual attention to the mouth, or pupil dilation responses. Our findings have implications for understanding the nature of socio-affective dysfunction in sexual offenders.
Information and communication technologies for environmental sustainability.

The impact of human activities on the environment is issues of growing concern confronting life on Earth. At the same time, information and communication technologies (ICTs) are being rapidly developed around the world. Although ICTs require energy resources, they also offer a number of opportunities to advance global environmental research, planning and action. This includes monitoring and protecting the environment as well as mitigation of and adaptation to climate change.
A Comparative Study of Cooperation for the Two-user Interference Channel

The interference channel is a model for a wireless network where several source-destination pairs compete for the same resources. When the sources transmit simultaneously the destinations experience unwanted interference. Determining how to optimally manage the interference is a long standing open problem in network information theory. In this talk we review one emerging interference management technique: cooperation. Cooperation can occur among source nodes only (Source Cooperation or Generalized Feedback), or among destination nodes only (Destination Cooperation), or among all nodes (General Cooperation). For the special case of Gaussian noise channels, we compare the different forms of cooperation in terms of symmetric generalized degrees of freedom. When known, we also discuss capacity results to within a constant number of bits.
World atlas of coral reefs

Coral reefs are one of the most biologically diverse habitats in the world, host to an extraordinary variety of marine plants and animals. They are also one of the world's most fragile and endangered ecosystems. The growth of mass tourism, combined with the boom in popularity of scuba diving, has brought these spectacular ecosystems to public attention across the planet. Coral reefs provide essential fish habitat, support endangered and threatened species, and harbor protected marine mammals and turtles. They are a significant source of food, provide income and employment through tourism and marine recreation, and offer countless other benefits to humans, including supplying compounds for pharmaceuticals. Yet coral reefs around the world are rapidly being degraded by a number of human activities, such as overfishing, coastal development, and the introduction of sewage, fertilizer, and sediment. World Atlas of Coral Reefs provides the first detailed and definitive account of the current state of our planet's coral reefs. With its wealth of authoritative and up-to-date information, the finest maps available, and detailed descriptive texts and images by leading experts, this full-color volume will be a critical resource for anyone interested in these vital environments. World Atlas of Coral Reefs contains eighty-four full-page newly researched and drawn color maps, together with more than two hundred color photos illustrating reefs, reef animals, and images taken from space by NASA astronauts during the 2000 and 2001 space shuttle flights. The authors provide a wealth of information on the geography, biodiversity, and human uses of coral reefs, as well as details about the threats to their existence. Prepared at the UNEP-World Conservation Monitoring Centre in Cambridge, England--the United Nations office responsible for providing authoritative information on the condition of global biodiversity--the Atlas will be a critical tool for scientists, students, policymakers, and planners at local, national, and international levels alike. Publication of the World Atlas of Coral Reefs is supported by international institutions including the United Nations Environment Programme; The Marine Aquarium Council, The International Coral Reef Initiative; ICLARM--The World Fish Center; the Professional Association of Diving Instructors, and the Aventis Foundation.
Shifting Boundaries: Aboriginal Identity, Pluralist Theory, and the Politics of Self-Government

Acknowledgments Introduction 1. Identity Politics and Pluralist Theory 2. Approaches to Aboriginal Identity 3. Aboriginal Culture, Nation, and the Politics of Difference 4. Aboriginal Women, Youth, and the Priority of Individual Choice 5. Aboriginal Boundaries and the Demand for External Equality 6. Aboriginal Identity and the Desire for Internal Equality Conclusion: Aboriginal Self-Government and the Politics of Pluralism Notes Bibliography Index
Solutions for Coping with Technological Advancement: A Case Study.

: Given the information overload and technostress that affects team managers within the information and communication technology management framework, this study examines coping strategies and behaviors adopted by team managers to address technostress. Moreover, it evaluates the choice of coping strategies to improve performance. Using the concepts of interdependence and leader member exchange (which refers to the identification of coping strategies), a study involving three companies was conducted to identify coping strategies. Overall, four interactional coping strategies were identified: non-procedural strategy, professional support strategy, achievement mechanism strategy, and mutual trust strategy. Four new coping theories were created based on these strategies to address technostress from an international perspective, thus enriching the literature on coping strategies and technostress. Empirically, the results explain a wide range of team managers’ behaviors. These theories and strategies can be adapted as a solution for coping with technostress.
The economics of language policy and planning

From the perspective of welfare economics, public policies can be seen as a government response to so­called “market failures” and as a means of mitigating inequities produced by the mechanisms of spontaneous interaction. This chapter clarifies the fundamental princi­ ples of welfare economics and public policy analysis in an accessible fashion and discusses how these fundamental principles can be applied to language policy and planning in the framework of public policy. The chapter clarifies concepts such as efficiency and market failure, as well as equity and distribution, and relates them to the fundamental and different properties associated with the provision of various types of goods – degrees of rivalry, of exclusion, and of shielding. Common notions such as “public, or collective, goods” and “externalities” are clarified in light of these properties. Many of these properies lead to un­ desirable results in an unregulated world. This failure of spontaneous interactions to bring efficient and equitable results usually justifies the intervention of the state in language­ policy issues. For example, many language­related goods display perfect non­rivalry (e.g. bilingual road signs), which would lead to an under­provision without collective action, and language use creates so­called “network externalities” that are central in explaining language death and language spread, giving reasons for public interventions both in sup­ port of a minority language and of an international lingua franca. Equity concerns help us understanding why education in minority languages is generally supported by the state.
Effect of retro-walking on pain, functional disability, quality of life and sleep problems in patients with chronic low back pain

Introduction. Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is an important clinical, social, economic, and public health problem with low treat-ment success rates. Retro-walking works on multiple factors of the causative agents of low back pain. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of retro-walking on pain, functional disability, quality of life and sleep problems in patients with chronic low back pain. Methods. it was a two parallel arm, single blinded, randomised, controlled clinical trial. Thirty-one patients, both males and females, with CLBP were recruited from december 2016 to April 2017, out of which twenty-nine completed the study. The experimental group had 16 patients (aged 24.7 ± 5.56 with 22.7 ± 4.28 body mass index, BMi) whereas the control group had 15 patients (aged 25.9 ± 5.61 with 22.1 ± 3.15 BMi). Pain, functional disability, quality of life and sleep problems were measured by the Numerical Pain Rating Scale, oswestry disability index, 36-item Short Form Health Survey and a sleep diary. Both groups received the same conventional treatment for three physiotherapy sessions per week for three weeks. The experimental group also participated in 15 minutes of retro-walking at a comfortable walking speed, which was determined prior to the commencement of the intervention, along with the conventional treatment. Results. All variables of the sleep diary, i.e., sleeping hours/week [Time effect ( p = 0.004), time × group interaction effect ( p = 0.001)], sleep efficiency [Time effect ( p = 0.024), time × group interaction effect ( p = 0.004)] and restoration post sleep [Time effect ( p = 0.014), time × group interaction effect ( p = 0.034)], showed significant differences in the experimental group. The experimental group also demonstrated significant differences over time ( p = 0.001) in all the other outcome measures, such as pain, pain disability, quality of life and sleep patterns and habits. Conclusions. Conventional physiotherapy is an effective means of treatment for CLBP. However, retro-walking provided an added advantage, as the experimental group showed a faster recovery, thus making it an effective treatment adjunct.
The effect of out-of-plane deformation on ligament surface strain measurements

The characterization of biological tissues depends on accurate measurements of deformation and strain, but less attention has been given to the role of out-of-plane deformation in ligament strain. The objective of this study was to investigate the inﬂuence of out-of-plane deformation on surface strain measurements in healthy and damaged ligaments. Tensile tests on ﬁve porcine posterior cruciate ligaments (PCL) were performed before and after damage using the femur-PCL-tibia construct. Damage was simulated by loading the ligament to its maximum force capacity. Digitized surface dots were tracked using an optical motion capture system. The transverse strain ( ε xx ), longitudinal strain ( ε yy ), and shear strain ( γ xy ) distributions on the ligament surface were obtained for the control and damaged states using two-dimensional (2d) strain and three-dimensional (3d) strain measurements. There was no signiﬁcant difference be-tween the 2d and 3d strains in the control state for all three strains. However, the value and location of the peak strain values (tensile and compressive) in ligament surfaces did change. The 2d peak tensile strain was both over and under-estimated, compared to 3d strain, when out of plane deformation was included for ε xx and ε yy ; but consistently overestimated for positive γ xy . The percentage of damaged regions, quantiﬁed as a loss in tensile strength, after damage was overpredicted by 2d strain for ε yy . Care should be taken when using 2d surface strain as peak values and local damage is sensitive to out-of-plane deformation.
Superupervised Enumerable Learning for Sentiment Analysis of Social Media Tweets

People express their views on goods, services, governments, and events via words and phrases on social media. Sentiment analysis is a technique used in natural language processing to gather positive and negative feedback on a piece of writing on social media. Academics have been forced to research sentiment analysis by exponential growth in business and e-commerce companies. This study examined emotions in two distinct domains: one for electronics product evaluations and another for film reviews. Due to the enormous volume of data gathered for analysis, it is referred to as massive data. This vast data is multidimensional and includes useless information. Furthermore, this data complicates the analysis since it reduces the effectiveness of machine learning categorization algorithms. As a consequence, the data must be cleansed and pertinent features identified. Numerous methods have been used to eliminate noise from data and identify essential components. There are two methods for determining suitable features: feature selection and feature extraction. The research is split into three stages: the first step involves converting unstructured data to structured data and choosing relevant and feature information. Second, machine learning classification algorithms are employed in conjunction with feature selection approaches, and third, machine learning algorithms are used in conjunction with ensemble learning methods.