Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modelling and prediction of groundwater level using wavelet transform and machine learning methods: A case study for the Sahneh Plain, Iran

Due to the complexity of numerical models and the need for much information and data in these models, one of the important solutions is to use artificial intelligence models with a small number of required inputs and a simpler structure. In this study, using wavelet transform analysis (cross wavelet transform and wavelet transform coherence), a model was developed to extract the relationship between climatic data (i.e., temperature and precipitation) and groundwater level changes. The developed model provides the best relationship between the main effective climatic parameters and groundwater level changes in the Sahneh Plain. The results showed that the climatic variables of average temperature and precipitation are the parameters with the highest correlation coefficient with groundwater level changes in the main wells of the study area. The results of verification and validation of the numerical prediction model of groundwater level based on the climatic parameters indicate that the average error is between 3% and 10% in different areas of the plain, which indicates the high accuracy of the developed model. In areas with a lack of data and information required for numerical simulation, the proposed model used in this research can be used as a comprehensive model for assessing and predicting groundwater levels based on climatic parameters.
The nucleus of M33

We have obtained high-resolution surface photometry and velocity dispersion measurements of the semistellar nucleus of M33 to study its structure and to look for a central black hole. The images were obtained with the DAO/CFHT HR Camera; this uses a tip-tilt mirror to correct the motion component of seeing. Our best images have resolution σ * =0″. 186 in the B band and σ * =0″. 177 in R (σ * = Gaussian dispersion radius of the point spread function). The nucleus is unresolved. Its true core radius is r c ≤ 0″. 10 ≃ 0.39 pc; this is as small as in core-collapsed globular clusters. The true central surface brightness is μ 0 < 11.3 R mag arcsec −2 , and the central density is ρ 0 ≥ 5 × 10 5 M ○ . pc −3 . Except for M32 and the nucleus of our Galaxy, this is the most compact galactic core known
Numerical simulations of xylophones. II. Time-domain modeling of the resonator and of the radiated sound pressure

This paper presents a time-domain modeling for the sound pressure radiated by a xylophone and, more generally, by mallet percussion instruments such as the marimba and vibraphone, using finite difference methods. The time-domain model used for the one-dimensional (1-D) flexural vibrations of a nonuniform bar has been described in a previous paper by Chaigne and Doutaut [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 101, 539–557 (1997)] and is now extended to the modeling of the sound-pressure field radiated by the bar coupled with a 1-D tubular resonator. The bar is viewed as a linear array of equivalent oscillating spheres. A fraction of the bar field excites the tubular resonator which, in turn, radiates sound with a certain delay. In the present model, the open end of the resonator is represented by an equivalent pulsating sphere. The total sound field is obtained by summing the respective contributions of the bar and tube. Particular care is given for defining a valid approximation of the radiation impedance, both in continuous and discrete time domain, on the basis of Kreiss’s theory. The model is successful in reproducing the main features of real instruments: sharp attack, tuning of the bar, directivity, tone color, and aftersound due to the bar-resonator coupling.
Preliminary results of CCD characterisation at ESA in support of the Euclid visible channel

Euclid is the ESA mission to map the geometry of the dark Universe using two cosmological probes, namely Weak Lensing and Baryonic Acoustic oscillations. The visual imager, a CCD based optical imaging channel will be used to measure the shapes of galaxies in one single wide visual band spanning the wavelength range of 550-920 nm. The focal plane array supports 36 CCDs (4k×4k pixels each) with 0.101 arcsec pixel platescale, giving a geometric field of 0.55 deg2. With the weak lensing technique, the mass distribution of the lensing structures can be traced back. The originally baselined CCDs were e2v CCD203-82. Following the results from a dedicated radiation damage test activity on their CCD204 variant, a new version, called 273 has been designed and made available in a front-illuminated version in April 2012. For Euclid, the accuracy with which the shape of the galaxies has to be measured is considerable: 1% and has never been demonstrated. The radiation damage effects will adversely affect this measurement and thus need to be characterized. Therefore, several test campaigns on the characterization of the CCD radiation damages for Euclid are carried out by ESA and by the Euclid Imaging Consortium. For this purpose, a test bench has been implemented at ESTEC to characterize CCD devices, with radiometric measurements, point source illumination and lab simulation of typical Euclid sky images. The preliminary results obtained at ESA on a non-irradiated front-illuminated Euclid prototype CCD 273-84-2-F16 will be shown in this article.
The Spherically Symmetrical Field in the Unified Theory

In this paper a systematic investigation of the spherically symmetrical statical field in Einstein's unified theory of the electromagnetic and gravitational fields is given. The investigation is carried through in two cases: with and without time symmetry. By a time symmetrical field we understand one whose Riemann interval is not altered by changing $+dt$ into $\ensuremath{-}dt$.
Development of an Euler/Navier-Stokes aeroelastic method for three-dimensional vehicles with multiple flexible surfaces

In 1989, an aeroelastic analysis method coupling high-level Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods with linear structural models was developed to analyze structurally flexible fighter aircraft This method, known as the Euler/Navier-Stokes 3Dimensional Aeroelastic (ENS3DAE) method was written to analyze both the steady and unsteady aerodynamic and aeroelastic performance of aircraft Initially, the code was validated for steady rigid sad structurally flexible configurations operating at a wide range of flight conditions. Since 1989, many enhancements to the aerodynamic and aeroelastic modules of the code have been added, including aeroelastic analysis of shell structures and vertical tails, aeroelastic analysis of multiple flexible surfaces, enhanced dissipation models, and real-gas capability. However, the program has not been validated for these options or for unsteady flows. The analyses described in this document are a portion of the effort to accomplish this validation.
Investigations of the response of hybrid particle detectors for the Space Environmental Viewing and Analysis Network (SEVAN)

A network of particle detectors located at middle to low latitudes known as SEVAN (Space Environmental Viewing and Analysis Network) is being created in the framework of the International Heliophysical Year (IHY-2007). It aims to improve the fundamental research of the particle acceleration in the vicinity of the Sun and space environment conditions. The new type of particle detectors will simultaneously measure the changing fluxes of most species of secondary cosmic rays, thus turning into a powerful integrated device used for exploration of solar modulation effects. Ground-based detectors measure time series of secondary particles born in cascades originating in the atmosphere by nuclear interactions of protons and nuclei accelerated in the galaxy. During violent solar explosions, sometimes additional secondary particles are added to this "background" flux. The studies of the changing time series of secondary particles shed light on the high-energy particle acceleration mechanisms. The time series of intensities of high energy particles can also provide highly cost-effective information on the key characteristics of interplanetary disturbances. The recent results of the detection of the solar extreme events (2003–2005) by the monitors of the Aragats Space-Environmental Center (ASEC) illustrate the wide possibilities provided by new particle detectors measuring neutron, electron and muon fluxes with inherent correlations. We present the results of the simulation studies revealing the characteristics of the SEVAN networks' basic measuring module. We illustrate the possibilities of the hybrid particle detector to measure neutral and charged fluxes of secondary CR, to estimate the efficiency and purity of detection; corresponding median energies of the primary proton flux, the ability to distinguish between neutron and proton initiated GLEs and some other important properties of hybrid particle detectors.
Speckle identification to assist the direct detection of exoplanets

Current observations in the context of exoplanet searches with coronagraphic instruments have shown that one of the main limitations to high-contrast imaging is due to residual quasi-static speckles. Speckles look like the image of a planet, but they have a different spectral behavior and are optically coherent with the star. We present two techniques to distinguish a planet from speckles. We are assuming that the optical path can be changed enough so that the speckles will change significantly between each image and therefore our model of each image having an independent source of aberrations (creating a new speckle pattern) from the other images is a good model. In the future, we would like to design and build a testbed suitable for coherent speckle detection studies. There are two techniques we want to apply to create the necessary multiple images with changing speckle patterns. The first is to use images generated using our existing deformable mirror (DM) control algorithm and the second is to put deliberate shapes on the DM to achieve the desired speckle pattern outcome.
Optimal Dietary Protein Requirement of Subadult Australian Hybrid Abalone (Haliotis rubra × Haliotis laevigata) at Different Rearing Temperatures

Australian abalone aquaculture is characterised by a prolonged culture period and slow and variable growth, and abalone is cultured in fluctuating water temperatures ranging between 10 and 25°C with distinct seasons. Temperature is a crucial environmental factor influencing abalone’s physiology and energetics, leading to a change in nutritional requirements. However, feeds are generally formulated to match the nutritional requirements at their optimal temperature. Hence, there is a need to optimise dietary protein levels to match temperature-specific requirements during extreme conditions (winter and summer). Given this, a growth trial evaluating five experimental feeds consisting of graded protein inclusion levels (320, 350, 380, 410, and 440 g·kg−1) was conducted on subadult hybrid abalone (Haliotis rubra × H. laevigata) at three different temperatures reflecting winter (12°C), summer (22°C), and the annual average water temperature (17°C) for 143 days. At lower water temperature (12°C), there was a marginal improvement in growth performance as dietary protein levels increased from 320 to 440 g·kg−1. However, at higher water temperatures (when the culture water temperature is above 17°C), there was a significant improvement in growth performance as dietary protein levels increased from 320 to 440 g·kg−1 as evidenced by an improved weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio. Furthermore, increasing dietary protein levels did not compromise the nutritional quality of the abalone tissue at all three tested temperatures. Therefore, during periods of higher water temperatures, feeding Australian hybrid abalone with a relatively high dietary protein level (410 g·kg−1) is expected to result in improved growth, shorter culture duration, and profit maximisation.
Laser-induced volatilization and ionization of microparticles

We have developed a method for the laser‐induced volatilization and ionization of individual microscopic particles on a continuous, real‐time basis. A beam of particles is produced by the expansion of an aerosol into a vacuum through a capillary nozzle and skimmer system. The particle in the beam is then hit by a high‐energy Nd‐YAG laser pulse for its volatilization and ionization. Mass spectral measurements using a quadrupole mass spectrometer on the ions thus generated from potassium biphthalate particles (1.96 μm in diameter) have been made. The combined ionization efficiency for K+ ion is found to be ∼10−6. The advantages of laser‐induced volatilization and ionization along with the real‐time capability of the present method make it very useful for the chemical analysis of aerosol particles by mass spectrometry. For the synchronization of the particle with the YAG laser pulse, the velocity of the particles in the beam has also been determined. This was accomplished by measuring the time‐of‐flight of m.
Effect of barrier materials on the polarization field in the active region of blue InGaN LED using Sentaurus

This paper addresses the barrier material of the structural design of a blue InGaN light emitting diode (LED) in order to analyze the polarization effect occurred in the active region by carrying out a simulation using Sentaurus Synopsys. It was observed that the traditional GaN barrier had the highest polarization field due to high lattice mismatch between the wells and barriers. When InGaN or AlInGaN were employed as barrier, the band diagram showed a lower polarization effect. This was attributed to the overlapping of electrons and holes wave functions.
Spin transfer switching of closely arranged multiple pillars with current-perpendicular-to-plane spin valves

Spin transfer switching (STS) characteristics of two closely arranged spin valve (SV) pillars sharing a pair of top and bottom electrodes were investigated. Each pillar had a 300×100nm2 rectangular shape, which was fabricated by electron beam lithography. The separation between the pillars was 300nm or 1μm. The STS curves clearly show the two-step switching of the free layer for the device with a separation of 300nm. The first switching occurred at a switching current density of a single SV pillar or below. The second switching occurred at a switching current density approximately 1.2 times the first one. Furthermore, the STS characteristics of the paired free layers were estimated by a micromagnetic simulation using the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert–Slonczewski equation, which showed similar switching behavior to the experimental result of the free layers switched first.
Practical significance of the difference in means

It is shown how the standardised difference (the effect size) between two population means can be used to establish significance when the populations are observed in totality. When dealing with two samples methods are given to determine the practical importance of a statistically significant difference. The usual effect size formula is adapted to deal with cases where populations have different standard deviations. Opsomming Dit word aangetoon hoe die gestandaardiseerde verskil (die effekgrootte) tussen twee populasiegemiddeldes gebruik kan word om beduidenheid t.o. v. volledig waargenome populasies te bepaal. In die geval van twee steekproewe word metodes gegee om die praktiese belangrikheid van 'n statistiese beduidende verskil vas te stel. Die gewone effekgrootte formule word aangepas ten einde gevalle waar populasies verskillende standaardafwykings het te hanteer.
Effect of contact force models on granular flow dynamics

The contact force model consisting of a linear spring dashpot with a frictional glider has been widely adapted to simulate granular flows. Real contact mechanics between two solid bodies is very complicated. Extensive theoretical and experimental studies exist for binary contacts. Very little work has been reported that addresses the effect of contact mechanics on the bulk behavior of granular materials. We first briefly summarize the difference of binary contacts between a linear spring–dashpot model and the Hertzian nonlinear spring with two nonlinear dashpot models. We then compare the constitutive behaviors of a granular material using a linear and a nonlinear model. The stress- and strain-rate relation in simple shear flow and the resulting coordination number are calculated using the discrete element method. It is found that although at the grain level binary contact between two particles depends on whether a linear or a nonlinear model is used, the bulk behavior of granular materials is qualitative.
The r- and s- process nuclei in the early history of the galaxy : HD 122563.

New high-resolution, high signal-to-noise spectra in the blue and ultraviolet spectral regions have been obtained for the extremely metal-poor giant star HD 122563. A complete model atmosphere, spectrum synthesis analysis of this star has been performed, employing a large number of weak iron-peak species lines and laboratory oscillator strengths. Spectral features of many rare earth elements have been detected in the ultraviolet. The large overdeficiency of nearly a factor of 10 for the s-process element barium is confirmed and is shown to extend to the other s-process elements La, Ce, Pr, Nd, and Sm. The r-process elements Eu, Gd, Dy, and possibly Er and Yb are less deficient than the s-process elements but do exhibit lower ratios with respect to iron-peak elements than in the Sun. A supplementary differential analysis of HD 122563 with respect to the Sun shows that the heavy-element abundances are not very model-atmosphere dependent. The heavy-element abundances can be understood with nucleosynthesis models in which the progenitors of this star produce mainly r-process isotopes. A small contribution of the s-process to the creation of the elements Sr, Y, Zr, and possibly Ba is not ruled out, but such traditional s-process elements as La, Pr, and Ndmore » appear to have been made in the r-process in stellar generations prior to the formation of HD 122563. « less
Knowledge Model Based on Destination Management System Framework For Chinese Gay Tourist in Bangkok by Using Knowledge Engineering

This study is to describe how the knowledge model based on the Destination Management System framework by using Knowledge Engineering can develop the Chinese gay tourist’s travelling efficiency when they carry the gay-leisure aspect at the Bangkok. Knowledge engineering methodology provides the process to identify the problem and elicit the knowledge from the experts’ experience, research articles, and documents. The knowledge model based on the Destination Management System(DMS) framework matches the needs and requirements of the knowledge worker. The ontology identification and development to organize, distribute and utilize the knowledge were followed by the knowledge worker and expert needs which under the framework of the DMS.
New robust control strategy for module manipulators via sliding mode control with an extended state observer

Abstract This paper proposes a robust control strategy for module manipulators based on sliding mode control (SMC) and an extended state observer (ESO). First, the nth-order system function is reduced into a first-order function whose argument is the sliding mode. Based on the generalized system, the structured and/or unstructured system non-linear uncertainties are lumped together to form a gross uncertainty which can be estimated by the ESO as an extended state in real time. Then, a controller of the generalized system is designed using SMC based on the extended state. The stability of the system is strictly analysed via the Lyapunov stability theorem approach. This method is applied to the control problem for robot manipulators. Trajectory tracking problems of the joints in a PowerCube robot manipulator are investigated with simulations to validate the analysis.
Advancing a transformative human development approach to climate resilience through local innovation in South Africa

ABSTRACT Climate change continues to exacerbate social and economic development challenges in local communities the world over. This paper advances a human development approach to climate resilience innovations, showing how local innovation initiatives can be conduits for increased equity, agency, efficiency and sustainability vis-à-vis effective responses to climate impacts. Based on a scoping review of literature (journal articles, books, theses, occasional papers etc.), and through a discussion of four case studies focused on technological and institutional innovations in selected rural South African communities, a major finding is that local innovation initiatives vis-à-vis livelihoods are laden with opportunities for improved social, economic and ecological well-being. Appreciating and supporting these local innovations will open up viable and transformative pathways towards effectively responding to the impacts of climate change and variability. The paper contributes to an interdisciplinary integration of innovation and climate change research by exploring climate resilience through a transformative human development lens.
Nonparametric estimation of a change in defect intensity

Summary. In an important class of problems involving mixture distributions, interest focuses on the mixture proportions, considering other possible parameters as nuisance parameters. We formulate a new variation on such problems that arose in a study on the link between the number of cells in a charge‐coupled detector image sensor that turned defective because of cosmic radiation and the storage conditions of such sensors. In this variation, the component densities are bivariate, there are two classes and only a subset of the mixture proportions is of relevance. We propose a nonparametric method to estimate the relevant subset of the proportions and apply our method to the data in our study.
Influence of natal habitat preference on habitat selection during extra‐home range movements in a large ungulate

Abstract Natal habitat preference induction (NHPI) occurs when animals exhibit a preference for new habitat that is similar to that which they experienced in their natal environment, potentially leading to post‐dispersal success. While the study of NHPI is typically focused on post‐settlement home ranges, we investigated how this behavior may manifest during extra‐home range movements (EHRMs), both to identify exploratory prospecting behavior and assess how natal habitat cues may influence path selection before settlement. We analyzed GPS collar relocation data collected during 79 EHRMs made by 34 juvenile and subadult white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) across an agricultural landscape with highly fragmented forests in Illinois, USA. We developed a workflow to measure multidimensional natal habitat dissimilarity for each EHRM relocation and fit step‐selection functions to evaluate whether natal habitat similarity explained habitat selection along movement paths. Across seasons, selection for natal habitat similarity was generally weak during excursive movements, but strong during dispersals, indicating that NHPI is manifested in dispersal habitat selection in this study system and bolstering the hypothesis that excursive movements differ functionally from dispersal. Our approach for extending the NHPI hypothesis to behavior during EHRMs can be applied to a variety of taxa and can expand our understanding of how individual behavioral variation and early life experience may shape connectivity and resistance across landscapes.