Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Abstract CT158: ctDNA analysis in the savolitinib phase II study in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) patients (pts) harboringMET exon 14skipping alterations (METex14)

Background: Savolitinib is a potent and selective MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor. It demonstrated clinical efficacy and a manageable safety profile in Chinese NSCLC pts with METex14 alterations in a phase 2 study (NCT028997479). Here, we report the post-hoc ctDNA analysis of METex14 at baseline and clearance upon treatment and the association of these findings with clinical outcome. In addition, concurrent gene alterations in ctDNA samples from the patients treated with savolitinib and impact on clinical efficacy is explored. Methods: Plasma samples were prospectively collected pre-dose and at tumor assessment visits, until disease progression or end of treatment. MET and other somatic gene alterations in the ctDNA samples were detected by next generation sequencing (425-gene panel, Geneseeq). Results: Sixty-six pts provided baseline plasma samples, of which METex14 ctDNA was detectable in 46 (70%) and undetectable in the remaining 20 pts (30%). Among the 46 ctDNA detectable pts, 19 were pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma (19/22, 86%) and 27 were other NSCLC (27/44, 61%), respectively. Of the 46 baseline-detectable pts, 24 were clearance evaluable and 22 had no qualified post baseline samples for clearance evaluation. Of the 24 clearance evaluable pts, 14 achieved ctDNA clearance (undetectable) with a median time to clearance of 1.4 months of treatment (Min 1.4 m, Max 4.2 m). The PFS and OS were compared for pts based on their METex14 ctDNA status at baseline and upon treatment. As shown in the table, METex14 baseline undetectable or clearance pts demonstrated significantly longer mPFS and mOS. Furthermore, in 21 pts with analyzable ctDNA samples at baseline and at disease progression, additional gene alterations were observed such as KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA as well as secondary MET mutations and FGF19 amplification in 12 pts (57%). These alterations might be associated with treatment resistance. Conclusions: The results suggest that ctDNA METex14 undetectable at baseline or clearance upon savolitinib treatment may define favorable treatment outcome. Confirmation of this finding and the predictive value of the ctDNA with larger sample size is desirable. Citation Format: Yongfeng Yu, Yongxin Ren, Jian Fang, Lejie Cao, Zongan Liang, Qisen Guo, Sen Han, Zimei Ji, Ye Wang, Yulan Sun, Yuan Chen, Xingya Li, Hua Xu, Jianying Zhou, Liyan Jiang, Ying Cheng, Zhigang Han, Jianhua Shi, Gongyan Chen, Rui Ma, Yun Fan, Sanyuan Sun, Longxian Jiao, Xiaoyun Jia, Linfang Wang, Puhan Lu, Jing Li, Qian Xu, Xian Luo, Weiguo Su, Shun Lu. ctDNA analysis in the savolitinib phase II study in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) patients (pts) harboring MET exon 14 skipping alterations (METex14) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr CT158.
Erstbehandlung von Schuss- und Stichverletzungen im Schockraum

Das penetrierende Trauma ist mit einem Anteil von 3,8% in Deutschland insgesamt selten und entspricht 1055 der 29345 im TraumaRegister der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Unfallchirurgie (TraumaRegister DGU) im Jahr 2019 erfassten Patienten. Etwa die Hälfte davon entfallen auf Schussund Stichverletzungen [1]. Im Vergleich dazu starben in den USA allein im Jahr 2016 insgesamt 38658 Menschen durch Schusswaffen [2] und diese stellen dort die dritthäufigste verletzungsbedingte Todesursache dar [3]. Die Seltenheit penetrierender Traumata im deutschsprachigen Raum bedingt eine fehlende Routine für die Behandlungsteams in der Klinik. Schussund Stichverletzungen sind mit einer hohen Letalität vergesellschaftet. Die Patienten mit Schussverletzungen weisen im Vergleich zu denen mit Stichverletzungen, aber auch im Vergleich mit Verkehrsunfallverletzten eine höhere Verletzungsschwere, größeren medizinischen Ressourcenverbrauch und eine deutlich erhöhte präund intrahospitale Letalität auf. Bei beiden Verletzungsmustern werden prähospital deutlich häufiger Maßnahmen zur Blutstillung angewendet als bei Verkehrsunfallopfern (Schuss 36,4% vs. Stich 58,9% vs. Verkehr 12,9%) und auch der Anteil derer, die prähospital innerhalb der ersten 24 Stunden mehr als 6 Erythrozytenkonzentrate (EK) erhalten haben, ist bei den penetrierenden Verletzungen höher (Schuss 14,5% vs. Stich 14,1% vs. Verkehr 8,4%) [4]. Die hohe Letalität der Patienten mit Schussverletzungen ist auf den hohen Anteil von 49,8% Schädel-Hirn-Traumata in diesem Kollektiv zurückzuführen. 51,7% der Schussverletzungen in Deutschland haben einen suizidalen Hintergrund als Ursache und betreffen überwiegend den Kopf, was wiederrum die hohe Letalität in diesem Patientenkollektiv erklärt [5]. Einteilung
Thread-Aware Mechanism to Enhance Inter-Node Load Balancing for Multithreaded Applications on NUMA Systems

NUMA multi-core systems divide system resources into several nodes. When an imbalance in the load between cores occurs, the kernel scheduler’s load balancing mechanism then migrates threads between cores or across NUMA nodes. Remote memory access is required for a thread to access memory on the previous node, which degrades performance. Threads to be migrated must be selected effectively and efficiently since the related operations run in the critical path of the kernel scheduler. This study focuses on improving inter-node load balancing for multithreaded applications. We propose a thread-aware selection policy that considers the distribution of threads on nodes for each thread group while migrating one thread for inter-node load balancing. The thread is selected for which its thread group has the least exclusive thread distribution, and thread members are distributed more evenly on nodes. This has less influence on data mapping and thread mapping for the thread group. We further devise several enhancements to eliminate superfluous evaluations for multithreaded processes, so the selection procedure is more efficient. The experimental results for the commonly used PARSEC 3.0 benchmark suite show that the modified Linux kernel with the proposed selection policy increases performance by 10.7% compared with the unmodified Linux kernel.
Brain Tumor Automatic Detection from MRI Images Using Transfer Learning Model with Deep Convolutional Neural Network

Brain tumor detection successfully in early-stage plays important role in improving patient treatment and survival. Evaluating magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images manually is a very difficult task due to the numerous numbers of images produced in the clinic routinely. So, there is a need for using a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system for early detection and classification of brain tumors as normal and abnormal. The paper aims to design and evaluate the convolution neural network (CNN) Transfer Learning state-of-the-art performance proposed for image classification over the recent years. Five different modifications have been applied to five different famous CNN to know the most effective modification. Five-layer modifications with parameter tuning are applied for each architecture providing a new CNN architecture for brain tumor detection. Most brain tumor datasets have a small number of images to train the deep learning structure. Therefore, two datasets are used in the evaluation to ensure the effectiveness of the proposed structures. Firstly, a standard dataset from the RIDER Neuro MRI database including 349 brain MRI images with 109 normal images and 240 abnormal images. Secondly, a collection of 120 brain MRI images including 60 abnormal images and 60 normal images. The results show that the proposed CNN Transfer Learning with MRI’s can learn significant biomarkers of brain tumor, however, the best accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity gained is 100% for all of them.
A Digital Image Watermarking Using Dwt and Lshaped Tromino Fractal Encryption

: This paper presents a digital image watermarking scheme in the frequency domain for colour images. The algorithm was developed using the digital wavelet transform together with fractal encryption. A host image was first transformed into a frequency domain using the discrete wavelet transform after which a binary watermark was permuted and encrypted with a fractal generated from the watermark and a random key. The encrypted watermark is then embedded into the host image in the frequency domain to form a watermarked image. The algorithm’s performance was examined based on the image quality of the watermarked image using peak signal to noise ratio. A perceptual metrics called the structural similarity index metric was further used to examine the structural similarity of the watermarked image and the extracted watermark. Again, the normalised cross-correlation was introduced to further assess the robustness of the algorithm. Our algorithm produced a peak signal to noise ratio of 51.1382dB and a structural similarity index of 0.9999 when tested on colour images of Lena, baboon and pepper indicating the quality of the watermarked images produced and hence indicates a higher imperceptibility of the proposed algorithm. The extracted watermark also had a structural similarity of 1 and a normalised cross correlation of 1 indicating a perfect similarity between the original watermark and the extracted watermark hence shows a higher performance of the proposed algorithm. The algorithm also showed a very good level of robustness when various attacks such as Gaussian noise, Poisson noise, salt and pepper noise, speckle noise and filtering were applied.
Simultaneous monitoring of monoclonal antibody variants by strong cation-exchange chromatography hyphenated to mass spectrometry to assess biosimilar-ity of rituximab-based biotherapeutics

The increasing importance of biosimilars in the biopharmaceutical market leads to high demands for enhanced protein characterization methods. Different manufacturing processes can lead to a significant variability of biotherapeutics arising from chemical and enzymatic post translational modifications (PTMs), resulting in the co-existence of a plethora of proteoforms with different physicochemical properties. Thus, biosimilarity to the originator product must be proven rigorously. Among these PTMs, N-terminal pyroglutamate formation, C-terminal lysine clipping, glycosylation, glycation, and deamidation lead to differences in the net charge of the protein, resulting in charge variants (CV). To unravel the heterogeneity of these proteoforms, Strong Cat-ion eXchange (SCX) High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is routinely used. However, the use of non-volatile salts makes the technique incompatible for hyphenation to mass spectrometry (MS). Recently, an approach employing volatile salts and a pH gradient was applied for CV analysis, opening the era of SCX-HPLC-MS approaches. Here, we apply an already established SCX-HPLC-MS approach by Füssl et al. to characterize two Rituximab-based biotherapeutics, the originator MabThera® and its Indian copy product Reditux™. The study assessed molecular differences between the two drug products and constitutes the basis for biosimilarity characterization using a fast SCX-HPLC-MS approach.
Diets supplemented with condensed and hydrolysable tannins affected rumen fatty acid profile and plasmalogen lipids, ammonia and methane production in an in vitro study

Abstract The livestock sector constitutes 14.5% of global green-house gas (GHG) emissions and soil and water pollution due to nitrogen excretion. Methane and nitrogen excretions in ruminants can be mitigated by specific feeding strategies, and tannins reduce methanogenesis and ammonia syntheses. In our study, two kinds of condensed tannins (Mimosa and Gambier) and two kinds of hydrolysable tannins (Chestnut and Tara) were added (4 g/100 g DM) to a basal feed (barley: 48 g/100 g DM, wheat bran: 23 g/100 g DM, dehydrated alfalfa hay:15 g/100 g DM, soybean meal: 10 g/100 g DM and molasses: 2 g/100 g DM), inoculated with rumen fluid and fermented for 24 h. The methane, ammonia, fatty acid and plasmalogen lipid profile were determined. The results confirmed that tannins are an important family of heterogeneous compounds whose effect on rumen metabolism is strongly linked to their different characteristics. Chestnut tannin extract was shown to be a good compromise. It improved the sustainability of ruminant rearing by decreasing methanogenesis (control feed 0.159 vs chestnut feed 0.137 mmol/L rumen fluid; p = .0326), ammonia production (control feed 248 vs chestnut feed 179 mg/L rumen fluid; p < .0001) and enhancing acetate synthesis (production rate: chestnut 68.68% vs 49.64% of control). HIGHLIGHTS Tannin extracts from trees and shrubs can be used to modulate rumen fermentation. The positive effect of chestnut tannin extract was demonstrated on methane and ammonia production. Tannins showed no protective action on C18:2 trans 11.
Assessment of hematological parameters, liver and kidney functions among fuel station workers in Sohag governorate, Egypt

Introduction: In fuel stations, gasoline induces a wide range of toxicological effects on body tissues and biochemical changes, which pose grave health risks to humanity. Aim: This study aims to assess the effects of gasoline on hematological parameters, liver and kidney functions among sample of fuel station workers in Sohag governorate, Egypt. Methods: A cross-sectional case control study was done on 100 males working in fuel stations and 50 males didn’t work in fuel stations in Sohag governorate, in the duration of one year from first of April 2019 to end of March 2020. Each participant was interviewed with a detailed questionnaire and CBC, liver and kidney function tests were done. Results: The study revealed statistically high significant differences between the studied and the control groups as regards RBCs count and the levels of ALT, AST, total protein and urea. There was a statistically significant effect of smoking on RBCs count, WBCs count, AST level, creatinine and urea level of the studied group. There was statistically significant positive correlation between parameters of CBC, liver and kidney function tests and ages of the workers of fuel station and there was only positive correlation between ALT level and the duration of work. Conclusion: this study concluded that exposure to gasoline associated with significant decrease of RBCs count and total protein level and significant increase of ALT, AST and urea levels among workers in fuel stations and these effects increase with advancing in age and most of them get worse with increased duration of work at fuel stations and with smoking. Recommendations: Our study recommends improving working conditions and using natural gas for cars as an alternative to gasoline
Firm Entry and Exit during Recessions

We analyze shocks to productivity, collateral constraint (credit shock), firm operation, and labor disutility in a model of firm dynamics with entry and exit. Shocks to firm operation and labor disutility capture COVID-19 lockdowns. Compared to the productivity shock, the credit and the lockdown shocks generate larger changes in firm entry and exit. The credit shock accounts for lower entry, higher exit, and concentration of exit among young firms during the Great Recession. The lockdown shocks predict a large fall in entry and rise in exit followed by a sharp rebound. In both recessions, changes in entry and exit account for 10-20 percent of the fall in output and hours. Finally, we discuss how the modeling of potential entrants matters for the quantitative results.
Differentiation of Healthy Individuals from Those with Autism Spectrum Disorders using Information Graph of Complementary Opposites

This study aimed to examine the brain signals of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and use a method according to the concept of complementary opposites to obtain the prominent features or a pattern of EEG signal that represents the biological characteristic of such children. In this study, 20 children with the mean±SD age of 8±5 years were divided into two groups of normal control (NC) and ASD. The diagnosis and approval of individuals in both groups were conducted by two experts in the field of pediatric psychiatry and neurology. The recording protocol was designed with the most accuracy; therefore, the brain signals were recorded with the least noise in the awake state of the individuals in both groups. Moreover, the recording was conducted in three stages from two channels (C3-C4) of EEG ( referred to as the central part of the brain) which were symmetrical in function. In this study, the Mandala method was adopted based on the concept of complementary opposites to investigate the features extracted from Mandala pattern topology and obtain new features and pseudo-patterns for the screening and early diagnosis of ASD. The optimal feature here was based on different stages of processing and statistical analysis of Pattern Detection Capability (PDC). The PDC is a biomarker derived from the Mandala pattern for differentiating the NC from ASD groups.
Connections between Healthy Behaviour, Perception of Olive Oil Health Benefits, and Olive Oil Consumption Motives

Olive oil has been consumed since ancient times and appreciated as a source of nutritious fats and as medical remedy, in addition to being praised in ceremonies. Today, when health is one of the top priorities of humankind, we examined what consumers believe and value about olive oil, which is generally considered a healthy product. Our survey examined the associations between the hedonic and health properties of olive oil, the motives important for olive oil consumption, and how these are influenced by healthy behaviour. There was clear evidence of the importance of culture, tradition, pleasure, olive oil health benefits, and healthy behaviour. There was a strong association between healthy behaviour and olive oil benefit perceptions and motives for olive oil consumption, with the olive oil benefits associated with the motives to consume olive oil.
Spatial Differentiation and Driving Factor Analysis of Urban Construction Land Change in County-Level City of Guangxi, China

The change of urban construction land is most obvious and intuitive in the change of global land use in the new era. The supply and allocation of construction land is an important policy tool for the government to carry out macro-control and spatial governance, which has received widespread attention from political circles, academia, and the public. An empirical study on the change of construction land and its driving factors in 70 county-level cities in Guangxi, China based on the GeoDetector method reveals the driving mechanism of the construction land change in county-level cities and provides more detailed information and a more accurate basis for county-level city policy makers and decision makers. The study shows a significant heterogeneity in the action intensity and interaction between construction land change and its driving factors in county-level cities, where population and GDP size, transportation, and industrial structure are determining factors. Besides, the factors of fiscal revenue, social consumption, utility investment, and real economy have a very weak action force individually, but they can achieve significant synergistic enhancement effects when coupled with other factors. In the end, urban construction land change at different scales and their driving mechanisms are somewhat different, and it is recommended to design differentiated and precise construction land control and spatial governance policies according to local conditions.
Microalgal blooms in the skeletons of bleached corals during the 2020 bleaching event on Heron Island, Australia

Climate change is increasing the frequency of marine heatwaves around the world, causing widespread degradation of coral reefs. Endolithic microalgae inhabiting the coral skeleton have been highlighted as potentially important mediators of the consequences of heatwaves on coral reefs. These microalgae often bloom during heat stress due to greater light availability, theoretically delaying coral starvation by providing photoassimilates. However, these microalgae also dissolve coral skeletons at an accelerated rate during marine heatwaves, affecting the structural complexity of the reef. Despite their ecological role, no studies have examined endolithic algal blooms during a natural bleaching event. We quantified blooms of endolithic microalgae in the skeletons of lagoon corals bleaching on Heron Island in the austral summer of 2020. At the peak of heat stress, 20–30% of bleached corals across 9 genera at 3 sites had blooms. They were predominantly seen in branching Acropora spp. (37.8, 65.7 and 66.7% at three sites), which are primary reef builders at Heron Island. At the end of the bleaching event, the overall prevalence varied between 5 and 42%, and nearly all blooms were observed in acroporids. The relative high frequency of these blooms highlights the ongoing need to understand the role of these microbes during coral bleaching events.
Does Photomineralization of Dissolved Organics Matter in Temperate Rivers?

Sunlight can oxidize dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in freshwaters. The importance of complete photooxidation, or photomineralization, as a sink for DOC remains unclear in temperate rivers, as most estimates are restricted to lakes, high latitude rivers, and coastal river plumes. In this study, we construct a model representing over 75,000 river reaches in the Connecticut River Watershed (CRW), USA, to calculate spectrally resolved photomineralization. We test the hypothesis that photomineralization is a negligible DOC sink across all reaches and flow conditions relative to DOC fluxes. Our model quantifies reaction rates and transport drivers within the river reaches for the ranges of flow conditions, incoming solar irradiance, and canopy cover shading observed throughout the year. Our model predicts average daily areal photomineralization rates ranging from 1.16 mg‐C m−2 day−1 in low flow river reaches in the winter, to 18.33 mg‐C m−2 day−1 in high flow river reaches during the summer. Even for high photomineralization fluxes, corresponding photomineralization uptake velocities are typically at least an order of magnitude smaller than those reported for other instream processes. We calculate DOC elimination by photomineralization relative to DOC fluxes through individual stream reaches as well as the entire riverine portion of the CRW. We find that relative photomineralization fluxes are highest in summer drought conditions in low order streams. In median flows and mean light intensities, for an average watershed travel distance, 3%–5% of the DOC fluxes are eliminated, indicating that photomineralization is a minor DOC sink in temperate rivers.