Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF pH, MINING TAILINGS CONCENTRATION AND CULTURE MEDIUM ON THE PERFORMANCE OF POLYMETALLIC BIOLEACHING AT FLASK LEVEL

The aim of this research was to evaluate bioleaching of Mn, As, Pb and Zn from mining tailings using two different sets of variable processing conditions. In the first set pH (2.0, 4.0 and 6.0), tailings concentrations (10, 20 y 30 %, w/v [111.11, 250.00 and 428.57 g/L, respectively]), and two types of culture medium (9K [with nitrogen source] and nonN (nitrogen-free medium) were evaluated; in the second set the evaluation focused on continuous supplementation of biogenic H 2 SO 4 oxidized with two types of culture medium (9K and nonN) at different tailings concentrations (10, 20 y 30 %, w/v [111.11, 250.00 and 428.57 g/L, respectively]), with continuous supplementation of the media previously described (9K and nonN) oxidized by the native strains Leptospirillum ferriphilum and Leptospirillum ferrooxidans . In the first set, the highest removal of Mn (93.49 %), As (13.92 %) and Pb (> 99 %) was observed in both media at 10 % of tailings and initial pH of 2.0. In the second experimental set, the highest removal of Mn (99 %), As (> 85 %), Pb (> 99 %) and Zn (67 %) was found with both media at 10 % of tailings and initial pH 6.0. Continuous supplementation of biologically acidified and oxidized culture media enhanced the metals removal from solid waste or tailings. Similar metals removal in media without nitrogen compared to medium with nitrogen was observed in this research.
An Approach to Prevent Air Pollution and Generate Electricity Using Nanostructured Carbon Materials

Pollution is one of the major threats for the environment as well as society. It causes severe problems for the living organisms and can gives birth of various unknown issues. Different sources like cars, industrial belts, fossil fuels etc. are the major causes of air pollution. Different researchers are working to develop new methods to combat air pollution. In this work, a new solution is proposed to fight against air pollution. The proposed solution is based on nanotechnology which not only fight against the air pollution but, it can generate electricity using the nanostructured carbon materials. The proposed solution can be deployed in real life scenario to reduce the air pollution and produce electricity in a large scale to provide an alternate energy resource to the society.
Silence and the Failure of Persuasion in Tragic Discourse

In Greek tragedy, we often encounter characters being silent for an extended period of time and, especially in Aeschylus’ works, as noted by Taplin (1972),1 these instances of silence convey a specific dramatic effect: they draw attention to the silent character.Whilst the significance of these extended stretches of silence has been duly explored,2 shorter instances also play a role in tragic discourse: In the context of tragic persuasion and rhetoric, characters often fail to convey their intent or proposition3—this has mostly to do with differing character opinions or dispositions. Sometimes, however, these characters are not even able to establish communicative contact and their interlocutors stay or fall silent. Frequently, then, speakers comment on this phenomenon by using expressions such as τί σιγᾶις,4 σιγᾶις,5 or σιωπᾶις,6 sometimes in combination with τί φήις. 7 This suggests to today’s readers of tragedy that there must have
Análisis de ondas cerebrales para determinar emociones a partir de estímulos visuales

Las emociones forman parte del dia a dia de las personas, son esenciales para comprender el comportamiento humano y la comunicacion.Este trabajo se centra en el reconocimiento y medicion de cambios electricos que se infiere son emociones, proveniente directamente de las ondas cerebrales de la persona utilizando una interfaz cerebro computadora (BCI por sus siglas en ingles) llamada Emotiv Epoc, la medicion de cambios electricos que se asocia a alguna emocion se extraen por medio de un electroencefalograma (EEG por sus siglas en ingles), como resultado de este proceso se obtiene un patron, el cual potencialmente podria servir como base en la construccion y diseno de sistemas interactivos que logren adaptarse y tengan la capacidad de cambiar de acuerdo a la experiencia del usuario.
The Comparative Cost and Profit Analysis of Organic and Conventional Farming

The cost-profit relations of organic and conventional farming were examined on the basis of natural and financial data of a large agricultural - company in western Hungary and of economic models characterising private farms in eastern Hungary. The differences in cost structures reflect variable conditions relating to certain crops, but they can be well explained by the differences in the technologies used. According to the production data, in organic farming direct costs per hectare were lower in all of the four examined crops. Even cost per production unit and contribution were more favourable in three of the investigated crops. Regarding the calculation done by economy models, the costs per hectare relating to the two production methods were not significantly different. Yields in organic plant production were typically lower but costs per unit and selling prices were higher. Differences in gross profits may be explained by different yields and selling prices. In a majority of the model variations organic farming is more profitable, but the extra bio price ensuring this, in accordance with trends from literature, is not sufficient for achieving a higher profit in every year.
Building online degrees quickly: Academic experiences and institutional benefits

Universities everywhere are rushing to upgrade their digital learning capabilities — and, more so now, in response to COVID-19. Long term, large-scale development of online courses requires investment in digital infrastructures and collaborative curriculum design involving educational, technical, and subjectmatter experts. However, compared to the resources invested in course development, there is relatively little investment in researching such development processes. Drawing on findings from a study of a strategic initiative to rapidly develop 12 fully online undergraduate degree programs in one Australian university, this paper reports on a study that aimed to capture the experiences of academic course writers. Findings show broad satisfaction with the production processes, courses created, and knowledge acquired - although also demonstrating key differences between senior, junior and casualised staff. This empirical case study contributes to knowledge about capacity building arising from large-scale, in-house development of fully online degree programs.
Entwicklung eines Prozesses zur Konstruktion von Hybrid-Implantaten für die Herstellung mittels additiver Fertigung

Additive manufacturing is characterized by a high degree of individuality and flexibility with regard to design and product layout. This enables the integration of different functions in a component. Application specific parameters such as load-bearing capacity, biocompatibility and manufacturing restrictions play a role of varying relevance. The combination of these parameters suitable for the individual patient case (implants) often cannot be realized with only one material. At time, however, only limited research has been done on design, manufacturing and application of hybrid implants (use of several materials). The aim is to develop and evaluate a process for designing hybrid implants depending on individual requirements and to clarify whether automation of this is possible.
CLASSIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS AND TYPES OF CRYPTOCURRENCY IN THE WORLD ECONOMY

Annotation. The article is aimed at the study of cryptocurrency systems and methods of their classification by various properties and characteristics. Despite the active study of cryptocurrency systems by modern scholars, there is still no general consensus on the categorization of classifications. The result of this ambiguity is a general lack of practical understanding of the various forms of cryptocurrency at both the consumer and government levels around the world. The consequence of the article is the division of the whole set of cryptocurrencies to correct this ambiguity. The author has developed a generalized classification of cryptocurrencies, which is designed to fill certain gaps in the study of cryptocurrencies. The most important classification features are revealed and the table of classification of cryptocurrency systems is made, where cryptocurrencies are divided into types and subspecies. The purpose of the article is to develop a detailed classification of cryptocurrencies based on the systematization of existing knowledge about cryptocurrency systems. Nowadays, there are more than 2,000 cryptocurrency systems in the world. And the rapid development of these systems in recent years has forced many not only scientists but also ordinary people to study this area in more detail. Cryptocurrency is the evolution of financial technologies and cryptographic methods. The emergence of the first cryptocurrency - bitcoin led to the creation of new cryptocurrencies, which necessitated their systematization. Cryptocurrencies should be divided into groups according to their features and characteristics in the following categories: purpose, issue size, viability, originality, centralization, availability of innovations, method of rotation, legal status, type of creation, method of production, generation algorithm, encryption method, speed, scope application, degree of dependence, security, volume of capitalization, market value. The algorithms for generating cryptocurrency systems, in particular Proof-of-Work and Proof of share, are considered. The analysis shows the diversity and versatility of cryptocurrency systems. Key words: cryptocurrency, classification, virtual assets, bitcoin, mining, fork.
Direct Stimulation by Methanol Addition on the Cultured Medium for Methanol Dehydrogenase Protein Purification from Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110

Methanol dehydrogenase (MDH) enzyme was purified from Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110 cell-free extract. The bacteria were grown in a culture medium with direct 0.5% methanol addition aimed to stimulates the MDH catalytic enzyme activation. Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110 MDH enzyme was purified by using 25 mM 2-(N-morpholine) ethanesulfonic acid/MES pH 5.5 buffer and 1 M sodium chloride/NaCl which separated into three columns, the first column was PD-10 for buffer exchange; the second column was HiTrap Sepharose HP to obtain unbonded fraction in the column; and the third column was Mono S 5/50 GL integrated with two pumps HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) to obtain pure MDH enzyme for serial changing of 1 M NaCl-25mM MES pH 5.5 with the flow rate at 1 ml/min. The protein concentration and MDH catalytic enzyme activity were observed on each purification process starting from the cell-free extract to pure MDH enzyme. The pure MDH enzyme was obtained by Mono S 5/50 GL-HPLC purification which showed a single band on SDS PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis). The MDH enzyme purification from Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110 showed 90-fold purification, a sub-molecular weight of 63 kDa, specific activity at 2.69 U/mg, and optimum activity at a 35oC temperature and pH 9.
Altruism and social entrepreneurship - towards a theory of non-market organizations

Almost all of us sometimes voluntarily give up some scarce resources to make someone else better. Not only the amount of resources used for such purposes, but also other wider concerns (implications for private and government sector) have drawn the attention of economists in recent decades. In this paper I develop a theoretical framework underlying such activities, which can be in short termed as "altruistic". To do so, I first explain the notion of "altruism", as can be found in the works of Adam Smith, Gary Becker and Ludwig von Mises. On these grounds, we can say that by voluntary altruistic transactions the utility of both sides of the transaction has been increased. The main differences between the market and non-market sectors are described and the concept of "social entrepreneurship" is developed. The analysis is concluded by application of this theoretical framework to the case of altruism as a "public good".
Perkembangan Penelitian Mikroplastik di Indonesia

Microplastics are plastic particles that have a diameter less than 5 mm. Research related to microplastics has developed in the world as well as in Indonesia. Research in Indonesia has been carried out in various places on the islands of Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Papua. However, there has been no study of the current development status of microplastic research in Indonesia. This paper describes the development of microplastic research in Indonesia from 2014 to 2020 using a systematic review method. The results of the review show that the majority of research on microplastics in Indonesia is about the distribution of microplastics, both in freshwater, marine, and in organisms. In terms of location, the majority of research on microplastics was in Java (66.67%), with the most common form of microplastics being fiber, compared to other forms. In addition, various microplastic concentrations were obtained from various locations. However, the concentrations obtained cannot be directly compared, because the sampling method used is different from one location to another. This is because the microplastic sampling method has not been standardized.
Estrategia para evitar la propagación en la reproducción del Aedes Aegypti en espacios periurbano

En las estrategias para evitar la reproduccion del Aedes aegypti en el ciclo vital se utiliza la fumigacion, el manejo del insecticida en el control del mosquito, debido a la influencia que tiene el ambiente en la salud del ser humano, se inicio con el uso del DDT y Malathion, que provocaron resistencia al mosquito, tambien dano humano, e impacto en el medio ambiente. Objetivo: Determinar la efectividad de la deltametrina utilizado en mosquitos adultos, como estrategia para evitar la propagacion de la reproduccion del Aedes aegypti en espacios periurbano. Metodos: el ensayo biologico de la botella de los Centros para el Control y la Prevencion de Enfermedades (CDC), es una estrategia de la Organizacion Mundial de la salud (OMS), que utiliza elementos intervinientes: Material biologico, Insecticida, Bioensayos. Los criterios de mortalidad: la mortalidad supera el 98%, hay susceptibilidad, mortalidad esta entre 90-97% sugiere resistencia se debe realizar 3 repeticiones, mortalidad menor del 90% se confirma resistencia. Resultados: El porcentaje de mortalidad de Aedes aegypti en el tiempo de duracion de 30 minutos que estuvieron expuestos a la Deltametrina, con distintas concentraciones letales: Canton Arenillas resistencia de 20.40%, canton resistencia de 14,95%, Canton Huaquillas resistencia de 10.46%. Conclusion: La estrategia de fumigacion, es una eleccion en el control de mosquito adulto Aedes aegypti para la prevencion de las enfermedades vectoriales, debiendo ser utilizado de manera responsable y precisa.
A Rentier State under Blockade: Qatar’s Water-Energy-Food Predicament from Energy Abundance and Food Insecurity to a Silent Water Crisis

This article investigates Qatar’s sustainability crisis of the high levels of water, electricity and food use. The high levels of consumption have been enabled by Qatar’s significant hydrocarbons wealth, a generous rentier state’s redistributive water governance, and structural dependence on imported food and food production subsidies. The water crisis is silent because it does not generate supply disruptions nor any public discontentment. The geopolitical blockade Qatar is experiencing sparked discussions in policy circles on the best ways to ensure food security, but has only exacerbated its water insecurity. The blockade makes more urgent than ever the necessity to maximize and increase synergies among different sectors.
A Boundary Layer Interpretation of the Low-level Jet

The inertial boundary layer theory developed by Charney and Morgan to explain the intensification of currents near the western boundary of an ocean is applied to the northward flowing atmospheric jet stream observed in the lowest two kilometers over the central United States; here the mountainous spine of Central America serves as a barrier to the westward flowing trade-wind current and deflects it to the north. Because of diurnal frictional changes caused by surface heating and cooling, the jet undergoes a marked diurnal variation with a noctural maximum so strong that the current becomes super-geostrophic. The dynamic consequences of the unbalanced current are examined in the light of theories by Tepper and Veronis. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1961. tb00098.x
Estudo descritivo e exploratório de uma oficina introdutória às técnicas teatrais para o ensino-aprendizagem de uma língua estrangeira

El desarrollo de metodologias de ensenanza eficientes que conduzcan a un aprendizaje efectivo de una lengua extranjera es urgente. A traves del proyecto DID S-2009-16 “Ingles: actuando el lenguaje” buscamos crear e implementar metodos originales para ensenar ingles en las aulas de Valdivia. El taller de tecnicas dramaticas nos ha permitido poner a prueba lo que queremos que nuestros estudiantes experimenten en el futuro: actuar el lenguaje, transformando la lengua extranjera en accion y conocimiento, a traves de los cuales puedan interactuar y comunicarse de una manera real con sus pares y profesores. Pudimos observar que los participantes se sienten motivados; que los niveles de ansiedad, inhibicion y frustracion disminuyen; que la autoestima y la confianza en si mismos aumenta; que todas las habilidades linguisticas se abordan simultaneamente; y, lo mas importante, que todos nuestros conocimientos y habilidades se transfieren a situaciones reales de comunicacion.
Will Washington Provide Its Own Feedstocks for Biofuels

The study finds that Washington State’s field corn, sugar beet and canola production could satisfy only a small percentage of the State’s annual gasoline or diesel consumption. Linear programming projections for 2008 showed a relatively close match between projected and actual production. Projections for 2009-2011 showed no increase in the State’s capacity to increase biofuel crop feedstocks. In comparison to crop feedstocks, Washington’s total annual lignocellulosic biomass is abundant. However, only a fraction of the biomass could be converted to biofuel due to high costs of collection and processing, competing markets for some biomass, and limitations in current technology.
Impact of Multimodal Cognitive Training on Cognitive Traits of Children: A Multicentric Interventional Study

In this article, we evaluate the hypothesis that a multimodal cognitive training (MCT) program, the Brighter Minds, can enhance certain inherent traits of a child and thus bring changes in the external behavior. For the study, 186 children (randomized to 93 each in intervention and control group) aged 10-15 years were enrolled from three different locations. Psychometric tests, parental/caregiver interviews and EEG (electroencephalography) tests were conducted before and after the program. Intervention group showed strong statistical significance for improvements in Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) (P<0.01) but no significance for Raven’s Standard Progrssive Matrices (SPM) or Susan Harter’s test. The parental/caregiver reported satistically significant improvements in focus (P<0.05), empathy (P<0.05), intuition (P<0.05), comprehension (P<0.05) and understanding of abstract concepts (P<0.05) for the intervention group. For the control, Power Spectral Density (PSD) of the baseline eyes-closed (EC) EEG recording, the spectrum below 20Hz exhibited the characteristic “1/f” spectral scaling of the power-law. This signature matches prior reported evidence in literature of those in wakeful state with EC. The intervention group EC PSD, however, exhibited a signature similar to those in a slow sleep state; reflective of the possible transfer effect of the training on other skills like relaxation. We used unsupervised learning methods with dice distance, on the psychometric and interview data, to show the effect of location and the exposure of a few control children to the program.
Echtzeit-Strategieplanung für vorausschauendes automatisiertes Fahren

Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein Fahrerassistenzsystem fur vorausschauendes automatisiertes Fahren entwickelt. Es umfasst die Langs- und Querfuhrung des Fahrzeugs sowie die Steuerung der relevanten Triebstrangkomponenten. Dabei werden Vorausschauinformationen uber die Fahrzeugumgebung ausgewertet, um ein energie- und komfortoptimales Fahrverhalten zu erreichen. Fur die echtzeitfahige optimale Regelung wird ein Stabilisierungsansatz hergeleitet, der die Regelungsaufgabe auf eine Strategie- und eine Stabilisierungsebene verteilt. Er verbindet die fur eine genaue Strategieplanung notwendige lange Zykluszeit mit einer hochfrequenten, optimalen Storungskompensation. Zur Planung auf Strategie- und Stabilisierungsebene wird ein dreistufiges Verfahren entworfen. Es setzt sich aus einer regelbasierten Einschrankung des Suchraums, einer Initialschatzung mittels Dynamischer Programmierung und einer lokalen Suche nach der Optimaltrajektorie zusammen; die Suche wird zusatzlich durch Heuristiken und bestehendes Vorwissen gesteuert. Es wird eine Methodik hergeleitet, um das System hinsichtlich Regelgute und Berechnungsaufwand optimal auszulegen. Die Einflusse von Stabilisierungsansatz sowie Horizont und Genauigkeit der Trajektorienplanung werden dafur simulativ ausgewertet. Zur Simulation der vorausschauenden Regelung wird ein Ansatz entwickelt, der es ermoglicht, in Versuchsfahrten gemessene Fahrzeug- und Umgebungsdaten mit einem reaktiven Fahrzeugmodell zu kombinieren. Die Funktionsweise des Assistenzsystems im realen Fahrbetrieb wird am Beispiel verschiedener Fahrsituationen exemplarisch diskutiert.
A Novel Motion Compensation Algorithm Based on Motion Sensitivity Analysis for Mini-UAV-Based BiSAR System

Mini-unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based bistatic synthetic aperture radar (BiSAR) is widely used due to its flexibility of system topology selection and simplicity. However, the motion compensation (MOCO) of the system is more difficult because the perturbance of mini-UAV platforms is greater and the spatial variance is more complex. In addition, the degrees of freedom of motion error are twice as those of the monostatic SAR. In this article, a novel MOCO algorithm based on a motion sensitivity model is proposed. First, a BiSAR system motion sensitivity model is established to assess the importance of each motion component error. Second, a novel MOCO method is proposed based on the determination of the main motion errors. Third, the proposed algorithm is validated by both simulations and real data sets. The final well-focused image suggests that the variant phase error after compensation with the new algorithm is much smaller than that with the traditional one.