Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Laser prototyping of MEMS structures and SiN cantilevers: experience teaching a practical undergraduate course

Bulk micromachining silicon to form microbeams is a common procedure in MEMS fabrication. A focused laser is used to cut patterns directly in a silicon nitride or silicon carbide mask layer to prototype new structures and test geometries. In the past two years this flexible approach has been used as the basis of a practical undergraduate course in which students (a) design shapes using CAD, (b) cut them using the laser system, (c) micromachine in a clean room using anisotropic wet etching, (d) take microscope images, and (e) use a mechanical profilometer to test the silicon nitride microbeams and measure the elastic modulus. This teaching approach is outlined and the utility of hands-on practical work in MEMS education is assessed.
PENERAPAN MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KREATIVITAS DAN PRESTASI BELAJAR (Studi Pada Pelajaran Kimia Siswa Kelas XII IPA di SMA Negeri 3 Pagaralam)

This study aims to describe the application of the problem-based learning model which can effectively increase the creativity and learning achievement of students in class XII IPA 3 SMA Negeri 3 Pagar Alam. The research method used was Classroom Action Research which was followed by a quasi experiment. The research subjects were students of SMA Negeri 3 Pagar Alam with class XII IPA 3 as the PTK class, class XII IPA 2 as the experimental class and class XII IPA 1 as the control class. The technique used for sampling in this study was a random sampling technique by lottery. CAR is done in 3 cycles. Data collection techniques using observation sheets and tests. Data analysis using the average value and t-test. Problem Based Learning is effective and can improve the chemistry learning achievement of students in class XII IPA SMA Negeri 3 Pagar Alam
A semantic model for enterprise application integration in the era of data explosion and globalisation

ABSTRACT This paper presents a model for Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) in the modern era of data explosion and globalisation. Application here refers to software, which is in essence data system, and data refers to both information and knowledge (data serves as a vehicle for information as well as knowledge). The salient features of the model are: (1) separation of business functions from applications and enterprises, (2) three-layer architecture of the model (conceptual or semantic level, external or application level, internal or realisation level), and (3) integration of structured, semi-structured and non-structured data. To our best knowledge, the existing model or solution to EAI does not hold all the three features. A case study is presented to illustrate how the model works. The model can be used by an individual enterprise or a group of enterprises that form a network, e.g., a holistic supply chain network.
Entire operating envelope H-infinity design for an unmanned underwater vehicle

This paper presents results from an investigation into advanced unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) control functionality to meet mission trajectory requirements. The study's overall aim was to address the multivariable control design strategy across the entire operating envelope for a multi-configured UUV and optimise the transfer between controllers. The control strategies investigated are a function of the performance requirements and limitations of a generic UUV fitted with a side scan and sector scan sonar. The control studies investigate the implementation of loop shaping controllers at different points in the operating envelope and the use of different controller strategies, while the use of a switching strategy is addressed for the bumpless transfer between different control strategies. This paper discusses some results from controller design studies when the emphasis has been placed on investigating real world requirements for multiple actuators and the associated vehicle modelling aspects.
Optimizing the performance of erbium-doped fiber amplifier

In the case of erbium doped fiber amplifier, noise and distortion characteristics degrade due to the characteristic of optical component. The resonant enhanced optical non- linearities and dispersion caused by erbium ions in a glass matrix influence the performance of Erbium. This paper reports on analysis, how the non linearities depends on fiber parameters thereby effecting the performance of erbium doped fiber amplifier. The analysis contains measurement of gain and noise figure of erbium doped fiber amplifier for different level of pump power and reflectivity, on a system for optimizing noise figure.
Einflüsse naturgefahrenbedingter Streckensperrungen auf überregionale Verkehrsströme – Verkehrsträgerübergreifende Stresstestszenarien für die Region 'Mittelrhein'. Schlussbericht des Schwerpunktthemas Fokusgebiete Binnen (SP-109) im Themenfeld 1 des BMVI-Expertennetzwerks

Bundesamt fur Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie, Bundesanstalt fur Gewasserkunde, Bundesanstalt fur Strasenwesen, Bundesanstalt fur Wasserbau, Deutscher Wetterdienst, Deutsches Zentrum fur Schienenverkehrsforschung beim Eisenbahn-Bundesamt
Powerformer(R): a giant step in power plant engineering

Powerformer(R), a new high-voltage generator, was presented by ABB. It offers a direct connection to the power network without the need for a step-up transformer. In a sense, Powerformer incorporates into one unit the functions of both the conventional generator and the step-up transformer. Thanks to its ability to generate electricity at transmission voltage levels, a power plant utilizing Powerformer offers considerable gains with respect to reactive power production and plant efficiency. Thus, Powerformer both facilitates network stability and decreases the exploitation of the natural resources.
Deterministic and Probabilistic Slope Stability Applied to a Landfill Slope

This paper, for the first time, presents a practical case where the probabilistic slope stability approach has successfully been used to evaluate a Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) landfill slope that failed due to a combination of steeper slopes and high liquid levels. The results of this evaluation will benefit practicing landfill engineers in applying probabilistic theory to landfill design and operational practice. Conclusions are presented based on deterministic factors of safety (FS), reliability indices (), and probability of failure (Pf) values. The  and Pf values are compared with the US Corps of Engineers' recommended values for slope performance. Results show that probabilistic methods can capture the behavior of highly heterogeneous slopes such as MSW slopes and can be used by landfill engineers to make design, construction, and operational decisions.
Enhancing Road Weather Information through Vehicle Infrastructure Integration

Vehicle infrastructure integration (VII) represents a concept with the potential to aid in the reduction of weather-related accidents on U.S. roadways while increasing surface transportation mobility and efficiency. Technological advancements in the automotive and telecommunications industries have resulted in the ability of vehicles to acquire and use high temporal- and spatial-resolution information associated with environmental and roadway conditions. VII would enable vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communications through dedicated short-range communications (wireless radio communication at 5.9 GHz). This capability could potentially serve as a means of gathering and distributing vehicle data in support of applications and products designed to diagnose and predict road weather conditions. It is believed that the inclusion of VII-enabled data in road weather applications will improve weather and road condition analyses and forecasts. A summary is given of vehicle data elements that are likely to contribute to development and improvement of road weather products. A synopsis of probable VII product enhancements is provided, along with examples of how vehicle data can be used in the application development process. Developing a broad understanding of how to use vehicle data properly will require a significant amount of research. Research needs aimed at addressing the technical issues and barriers associated with the use of VII-enabled data are discussed.
Analysis and Research of Mobile Station Location Based on NLOS Error

Existed in the work of wireless positioning error, the need to suppress NLOS (Non line of sight) transmission problem of positioning the bad influence of the NLOS system model is put forward and the novel geometric positioning model, the introduction of appropriate NLOS channels model to suppress NLOS error, and make full use of the propagation characteristics of derived meet MS (Mobile Station) coordinates equation, with two NLOS paths can only calculate the position of MS, and using only a single base Station can complete the MS positioning, overcome the base Station number too little to pinpoint the flaws of the MS. This paper also gives a method of least squares and maximum likelihood algorithm, using the NLOS paths to improve the positioning accuracy. So as to realize the movement of the MS in NLOS environment position tracking. Through the theoretical analysis and computer simulation analysis, the results show that the positioning method in NLOS environment on the effectiveness and accuracy of the MS positioning.
Effects of Low-Temperature Operation on the Performance of MOSFETs

The existing compact models can reproduce the characteristics of MOSFETs in the temperature range of −40oC to 125oC. Some applications require circuits to operate over a wide temperature range consisting of temperatures below the specified range of existing compact models, requiring wide temperature range compact models for the design of such circuits. In order to develop wide temperature range compact models, fourteen different geometries of n-channel and p-channel MOSFETs manufactured in a 0. 18μm mixed-signal process were electrically characterized over a temperature range of 40 K to 298 K. Electrical characterization included ID-VG and ID-VD under different drain, body and gate biases respectively. The effects of low-temperature operation on the performance of 0. 18μm MOSFETs have been studied and discussed in terms of sub-threshold characteristics, threshold voltage, the effect of the body bias and linearity of the device. As it is well understood, the subthreshold slope, the threshold voltage, drive currents of the MOSFETs increase when the temperature of the MOSFETs is lowered, which makes it advantageous to operate the MOSFETs at low-temperatures. However the internal linearity (gm1/gm3) of the MOSFETs degrades as the temperature of the MOSFETs is lowered, and the performance of the MOSFETs can be affected by the interface traps that exist in higher density close to conduction band and valence band energy levels, as the Fermi-level moves closer to bandgap edges when MOSFETs are operated at cryogenic temperatures.
Experimental and Numerical analysis of Flow characteristics of sand water slurry in a horizontal pipe

The transportation of the solid material using hydraulic transportation method is economically the best method. The head loss occurs during transportation of slurry through horizontal pipelines usually depends on the rheological behavior of slurry, slurry concentration, particle size, and influx velocity. An experimental investigation has been performed using sand-water slurry flowing through the horizontal pipe section of a pilot plant test loop. The head loss obtained from the experimental results was validated through CFD simulation using FLUENT. The solid concentration of sand-water slurry and influx velocity used during both experiments and numerical simulation were in the range of 10-40% (by weight) and 1 to 4 m/s respectively. The numerical simulations were performed using five different turbulence models and the results obtained using SST k-omega model was in close agreement with experimental results. It is observed from both the experiment and numerical analysis that the pressure loss, granular pressure, volume fraction and skin fraction coefficient during transportation of slurry through a horizontal pipe is a function of solid concentration and influx velocity. The present study observed that as the flow velocity increases four times, the pressure loss is increasing more than 10 times. Uniform volume fraction at middle zone of outlet of the pipe is observed as both the slurry concentration and velocity of flow increases.
Constraining Stochastic Inversion with Frequency Domain Seismic Signature for Seismically Thin-bed Interpretation

An alternative technique in interpreting thin-bed structure has been developed. The technique involved stochastic inversions which use frequency domain energy spectral attribute as a constraint instead of time domain seismic amplitude. Maximum Amplitude Weighed Integrated Energy Spectra is a proposed energy spectral attribute which was used to constrain the stochastic process. Amplitude Weighed Integrated Energy Spectra is a deployed seismic attribute obtained by multiplying integrated energy spectra with maximum amplitude of a seismic trace. It is shown that Amplitude Weighed Integrated Energy Spectra provides a more separable signature in responding to bed thickness changes than seismic signature. A lower degree of ambiguity of Amplitude Weighed Integrated Energy Spectra in sensing thin-bed seismic is a potential method of reducing thin bed interpretation uncertainty. Qualitatively, Amplitude Weighed Integrated Energy Spectra is capable of showing one of the reported very thin meandered channel complexes of gas reservoir of Stratton field which is difficult to be seen in seismic amplitude. In this research, Amplitude Weighed Integrated Energy Spectra is incorporated in a stochastic seismic inversion to improve both accuracy and precision (certainty) of thin-bed interpretation. The signature of Amplitude Weighed Integrated Energy Spectra is used to constrain the degree of match (likelihood) between seismic model and data. Synthetic data testing shows that the proposed method significantly improves both accuracy and precision of a single wedge model seismic inversion. The thickness and reflection coefficient are estimated more accurately, although limited information is used. The proposed method was tested to invert a structurally subtle gas production zone of Stratton field. Confirmed by well log data, a cross section of inverted impedance showed that some channel complex structure of gas reservoirs are able to be imaged.
REVIEW ON HERBAL APPROACHES AND INVITRO AND INVIVO SCREENING METHODS OF ANTI-DIABETIC ACTIVITY

: Diabetes mellitus (DM), commonly known as just diabetes, is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by a high blood sugar level over a prolonged period of time. Symptoms often include fatigue, frequent urination, increased thirst and increased appetite. If left untreated, diabetes can cause many health complications. Acute complications can include diabetes ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic shock, or death. Serious long-term complications include cardiovascular disease, stroke, chronic kidney damage, foot ulcers, damage to the nerves, damage to the eyes and cognitive impairment. Diabetes is due to either the pancreasnot producing enough insulin, or the cells of the body not responding properly to the insulin produced. There are three main types of diabetes mellitus: Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or juvenile diabetes-Type-1 diabetes, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or adult-onset diabetes-Type-2 diabetes, Gestational diabetes. In this review we discussed about the various in-vitro and animal models for the screening of anti-diabetic activity. These methods include chemical, genetic, surgical manipulations relevant to the human diabetics. A brief description of Chemical causes of diabetes, virus induced diabetes, hormone induced diabetes and various other methods along with in-vitro techniques are explained.
Materials and contact shape studies for automobile connectors development

The behaviour of various contact shapes and different base materials is studied in order to plan new connectors for automobile applications. The study of contact resistance of materials in their initial state versus load, is developed both in the inserting phase and during fretting motion. A specific test machine has been developed which allows statistical measurements under different initial conditions for base materials, contact shapes, and loads. The main results are the contact resistance law versus load R/sub c/=k/sub c/F/sup -n/ and the insertion force law F/sub c/=k/sub i/F/sub m//sup c/ where the constants k/sub c, /k/sub i/, n, and m are correlated with material resistivity and contact shape characteristics. Contact resistance enhancement during low track fretting motion is reported. >
Rotational circular split ring resonator array loaded CPW for dual notch and wide bandstop applications

A compact design of a wide bandstop and dual notch filter using an array of circular split ring resonators (SRR) on a coplanar waveguide is proposed in this article. The band rejection is determined by the resonance frequencies of the loaded SRRs. The resonance frequencies of the SRRs are optimized by gradual angular rotation of the inner rings of the SRRs. The dual notch is achieved with dual SRR pairs with two different angular orientations of (0°–60° and 0°–90°). A wideband rejection is achieved by an array of eight pairs of SRRs with gradually changing angular orientation from 0° to 90°. Good agreement is achieved between the simulated and the measured results. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1204–1209, 2015
A Strategy to Optimize the Implementation of a Machine-Learning Scheme for Extreme Meiyu Rainfall Prediction over Southern Taiwan

This study aims to propose a strategy to optimize the performance of the Support Vector Machine (SVM) scheme for extreme Meiyu rainfall prediction over southern Taiwan. Variables derived from Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) dataset are the candidates for predictor selection. A series of experiments with different combinations of predictors and domains are designed to obtain the optimal strategy for constructing the SVM scheme. The results reveal that the accuracy (ACC), positive predictive values (PPV), probability of detection (POD), and F1-score can exceed 0.6 on average. Choosing the predictors associated with the Meiyu system and determine the domain associated with the correlations between selected predictors and predictand can improve the forecast performance. Our strategy shows the potential to predict extreme Meiyu rainfall in southern Taiwan with lead times from 16 h to 64 h. The F1-score analysis further demonstrates that the forecast performance of our scheme is stable, with slight inter-annual fluctuations from 1990 to 2019. Higher performance would be expected when the north of the South China Sea is characterized by stronger southwesterly flow and abundant low-level moisture for a given year.
A high-density genome-wide association with absolute blood monocyte count in domestic sheep identifies novel loci

Monocytes are a core component of the immune system that arise from bone marrow and differentiate into cells responsible for phagocytosis and antigen presentation. Their derivatives are often responsible for the initiation of the adaptive immune response. Monocytes and macrophages are central in both controlling and propagating infectious diseases such as infection by Coxiella burnetii and small ruminant lentivirus in sheep. Genotypes from 513 Rambouillet, Polypay, and Columbia sheep (Ovis aries) were generated using the Ovine SNP50 BeadChip. Of these sheep, 222 animals were subsequently genotyped with the Ovine Infinium® HD SNP BeadChip to increase SNP coverage. Data from the 222 HD genotyped sheep were combined with the data from an additional 258 unique sheep to form a 480-sheep reference panel; this panel was used to impute the low-density genotypes to the HD genotyping density. Then, a genome-wide association analysis was conducted to identify loci associated with absolute monocyte counts from blood. The analysis used a single-locus mixed linear model implementing EMMAX with age and ten principal components as fixed effects. Two genome-wide significant peaks (p < 5x10-7) were identified on chromosomes 9 and 1, and ten genome-wide suggestive peaks (p < 1x10-5) were identified on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 10, 15, and 16. The identified loci were within or near genes including KCNK9, involved into cytokine production, LY6D, a member of a superfamily of genes, some of which subset monocyte lineages, and HMGN1, which encodes a chromatin regulator associated with myeloid cell differentiation. Further investigation of these loci is being conducted to understand their contributions to monocyte counts. Investigating the genetic basis of monocyte lineages and numbers may in turn provide information about pathogens of veterinary importance and elucidate fundamental immunology.
Simulating urban growth in a developing nation's region using a cellular automata-based model

Urbanization is one of the most evident global changes. Research in the field of urban growth modelling has generated models that explore for drivers and components of the urban growth dynamics. Cellular automata (CA) modeling is one of the recent advances, and a number of CA-based models of urban growth have produced satisfactory simulations of spatial urban expansion over time. Most application and test of CA-based models of urban growth which provide likely and reliable simulations has been developed in urban regions of developed nations; urban regions in the United States, in particular. This is because most of the models were developed in universities and research centers of developed nations, and these regions have the required data, which is extensive. Most of the population growth in the world, however, occurs in the developing world. While some European countries show signs of stabilization of their population, in less developed countries, such as India, population still grows exponentially. And this growth is normally uncoordinated, which results in serious environmental and social problems in urban areas. Therefore, the use of existing dynamic-spatial models of urban growth in regions of developing nations could be a means to assist planners and decision makers of these regions to understand and simulate the process of urban growth and test the results of different development strategies. The pattern of growth of urban regions of developing nations, however, seems to be different of the pattern of developed countries. The former use to be more dense and centralized, normally expanding outwards from consolidated urban areas; while the second is normally more fragmented and sparse. The present paper aims to investigate to how extent existing CA-based urban growth models tested in developed nations can also be applied to a developing country urban area. The urban growth model was applied to Porto Alegre City, Brazil. An expected contiguous expansion from existing urban areas has been obtained as following the historical trends of growth of the region. Moreover, the model was sensitive and able to portray different pattern of growth in the study area by changing the value of its parameters.
Anatomical Study of the Duodenojejunal Uncinate Process Vein: A Key Landmark for Mesopancreatoduodenal Resection During Pancreaticoduodenectomy

The mesopancreas or mesopancreatoduodenum is an important anatomical concept during pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) in patients with periampullary carcinoma. This study investigated whether the duodenojejunal uncinate process vein (DJUV), which is defined as the vein draining from the upper jejunum to the superior mesenteric vein adjacent to the uncinate process, is a useful anatomical landmark for the caudal border of mesopancreatoduodenum resection during PD.