Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Android Fuzzing: Balancing User-Inputs and Intents

Android apps can be effectively tested by randomly generating inputs and triggering corresponding events. Most test generators focus on user-triggered events, such as button clicks. However, the state of an app is not only determined by the interactions with a user, but also inputs from the system and other apps, which are called intents in Android. Intent fuzzing, that is, the automated generation of randomized intents as test inputs, has been demonstrated to be an effective means for identifying crashes in apps. However, the behavior of intent handlers is influenced by the state of the app, which may depend on the user’s interactions with the app that triggers corresponding events. Recent test generators have therefore started integrating some of both types of events, leaving open questions about the best way to combine and balance UI inputs and intents. In this paper, we describe a general framework for integrating user events and intents for testing Android apps. We study empirically how to best combine these two types of events, and evaluate the effectiveness of the combination. Our experiments suggest that combining UI inputs and intents reveals substantially higher code coverage as well as more unique crashes (844 on 500 F-Droid apps) than sending only user-events (762) or only intents (511): The combined approach achieves a magnitude higher activity coverage (78.07%) than using only user inputs (70.45%) and sending only intents (58.23%). Furthermore, 121 unique crashes were found only through the combination of UI inputs and intents. Although intent crashes and UI crashes result from similar exception types, they are distinct, which is relevant when comparing test generators.
Heart Rate Variability Analysis From Electrocardiogram (ECG) and Photoplethysmogram (PPG) Signals By Using Soft Computing Technique

The use of biomedical signal processing software to aid in the analysis and interpretation of electrocardiograms is not a new development but rather an established field of study. The identification of the QRS complex, P and T waves, and the measurement of the QT segment are crucial to the efficiency of an automatic ECG analysis system. Diagnosis of heart function and other crucial facts about the subject's cardiovascular activity can be gleaned through the detection and measurement of characteristic waves. To get a feel for your heart rate, for instance, you need to identify QRS complexes, which are then utilized as a benchmark for beat alignment. Myocardial infarction is also linked to morphological changes in the QT interval and elevation/depression of the ST segment (MI). R peak registration is the foundation for automatic peak detection and segmentation, including the identification of onset and termination times. The position of the QRS complex is indicated by the index of the R peak, or the index of the QS complex peak if the R peak is negative. In this study, researchers analyzed HR and HRV signals from a range of participants, including those of different ages, sexes, and heart problems. The detection of variations is done with the aid of statistical indices. During this process, we also create a database of electrocardiogram (ECG) and photoplethysmogram (PPG) readings from our lab. The peaks of the PPG are also picked up, and a comparison between the HR measured by the ECG and the PPG demonstrates that the PPG can be used as a substitute for HRV detection.
Sur une notion de «torseur de configuration» caractérisant les interactions élastiques entre inclusion et matrice

It is shown that it is possible to describe the translation and tilt of surface inclusions with configuration force and torque notions, generalization of the J-integral; these motions result from the interfacial discontinuity of the elastostatic energy-momentum tensor which is created by the medium heterogeneity and which may be interpreted as a configuration force density On montre qu'il est possible de decrire les mouvements d'exclusion et de basculement d'inclusions superficielles a l'aide des notions de force et de couple de configuration, generalisations de l'integrale J; ces mouvements proviennent de la discontinuite interfaciale du tenseur d'energie-impulsion de l'elastostatique qui traduit l'heterogeneite du milieu et qui peut s'interpreter comme une densite de force de configuration
B-UAVM: A Blockchain-Supported Secure Multi-UAV Task Management Scheme

The advent of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarm technology brings possibilities to help humans complete tasks in no man’s land, such as deserts and rainforests. However, UAV network faces many cyber threats, where attackers can impersonate legitimate entities or tamper with UAV task data. For identity security, most of the existing methods use centralized authentication schemes, which have a single point of failure problem. For data security, the existing methods only secure the task data in the ground system, ignoring the data security in the air network. Therefore, the existing methods are not suitable for ubiquitous UAV scenarios. Blockchain secures data security while eliminating the single point of failure problem, and has been widely used in distributed scenarios. In this article, to secure entity identity and task data, we propose a blockchain-supported secure multi-UAV task management scheme (B-UAVM). Specifically, a three-layer blockchain structure is constructed to secure multitasks, and achieve ubiquitous control of UAV formations. Besides, six types of blocks and three types of transactions are designed to achieve safe processing and storage of task data and entity information. Furthermore, an improved practical byzantine fault tolerance (IPBFT) consensus mechanism and a UAV-formation-action-considered ground station consensus mechanism (UFAGS) are introduced in the Server Network and Ground Control Network, respectively, to accelerate the consensus. The experimental results show that the number of transactions generated per second (TPS) of B-UAVM is about $0.5\times $ and $3.7\times $ of the existing method when the block size or the number of blockchain nodes increases, respectively.
Towards Energy-Efficient Data Dissemination in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs): A Cross-Layer Design

Due to their capacity to permit communication between automobiles and infrastructure components, Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) are growing in popularity. Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) have seen the emergence of Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) as a promising technology, but effective data distribution is still a problem. Conventional methods of data sharing require a lot of energy and are inappropriate for VANETs with limited resources. The efficient transmission of data between vehicles, which consumes a lot of energy, is one of the major difficulties in VANETs. We suggest a cross-layer design strategy in this study to increase the energy efficiency of data distribution in VANETs. To maximize network performance, the design incorporates the capabilities of many layers of the protocol stack. We implement several energy-saving techniques, such as cooperative communication, power control, priority-based message scheduling, and sleep mode. The simulation findings demonstrate that the suggested design strategy can greatly lower energy usage and enhance VANETs' sustainability.
The Finitizability Problem in Algebraic Logic, recent results and developments: From neat embeddings to Erdos' graphs

This is an article on the so-called Finitizability Problem in Algebraic Logic. We take a magical tour from the early works of Tarski on relation algebras in the forties all the way to neat embeddings and recent resuts in algebraic logic using Erdos probabilistic graphs. Several deep theorems proved for cylindric algebras are surveyed refined and slightly generalized to other algebraisations of first order logic, like polyadic algebras and diagonal free cylindric algebras. A hitherto unpublished presentation of this problem in a categorial setting is presented. Techniques from stability theory are applied to representation problems in algebraic logic. Philosoph- ical implications are extensively discussed. 1 Algebraic logic starts from certain special logical considerations, abstracts from them, places them in a general algebraic context and via this generaliza- tion makes contact with other branches of mathematics (like set theory and topology). It cannot be overemphasized that algebraic logic is more algebra than logic, nor more logic than algebra; in this paper we argue that algebraic logic, particularly the theory of cylindric algebras, has become sufficiently in- teresting and deep to acquire a distinguished status among other subdisciplines of mathematical logic. The principal ideas of the theory of cylindric algebras which is the algebraic setting of first order logic were elaborated by Tarski in cooperation with his students L. H. Chin and F. B. Thompson during the period 1948 - 1952. This was a natural outcome of Tarski's formalization of the notion of truth in set theory, for indeed the prime examples of cylindric algebras are those algebras whose elements are sets of sequences (i.e., relations) satisfying first
Chronic Heat Stress Part 2: Increased Stress and Fear Responses in F1 Pekin Ducks Raised from Parents That Experienced Heat Stress

Simple Summary There are many factors that can cause stress in poultry, but one of the most significant is high temperatures in the environment, which can make production difficult. It is important to assess the impact of heat stress (HS) on breeder ducks and their offspring (F1 generation) to identify biomarkers that can measure the response of poultry to HS effectively. This approach can reveal both physical and genetic characteristics that can serve as useful markers to determine the susceptibility or tolerance of different poultry breeds to HS. The results of our study indicated that exposing the parents to HS resulted in heightened Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal (HPA) axis and fear responses in their offspring. We concluded that the maternal hormones that are deposited into eggs during HS may influence the early programming of the brain, leading to alterations in the HPA and behavioral response in the F1 generation. Abstract The effects of HS on the welfare of poultry have been reported to have a transgenerational effect on phenotype plasticity. The goal of our experiment was to determine whether parental exposure to HS would impair the performance, HPA axis response, or behavior of their offspring. We treated adult drakes and hens (n = 80 ducks/treatment) at peak lay with HS or the control temperature for 3 weeks and incubated eggs collected from the last 3 days of the experiment. We utilized 76 ducklings/parental treatment group: control (CON-F1) and HS (HS-F1). Weekly data for body weights, body condition scores (BCSs), and novel object test (NOT) were collected. At 3 weeks of age, the ducks (n = 6/treatment) were subjected to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH/cosyntropin, 0.0625 mg/kg) challenge or vehicle as the control. Blood samples were collected at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 h relative to treatment for serum glucocorticoid and heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (HLR) analyses. All injected birds were euthanized with pentobarbital on the second day relative to ACTH administration, and the spleen and bursa were removed and weighed immediately. Duck level analyses were completed using one- or two-way ANOVA as appropriate. BCSs were analyzed using a chi-squared test. The HS-F1 ducks had a lower hatch weight (p < 0.05) compared with the CON-F1 ducks but no significant difference in growth rates during the 5-week period. NOT (n = 4) analyses showed that the HS-F1 ducks had a greater fear response (p < 0.001) compared with the CON-F1 ducks. Similarly, an ACTH stimulation test showed that the HS-F1 ducks had significantly (p < 0.05) heightened corticosterone and HLR responses compared with the CON-F1 ducks. The HS-F1 ducks showed altered baseline and ACTH-stimulated levels of cortisol compared with the controls. Our data suggest that parental exposure to HS impacts the HPA response and fearfulness of the F1 generation in Pekin ducks.
The Correlation between Adolescent Daily Breakfast Consumption and Socio-Demographic: Trends in 23 European Countries Participating in the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children Study (2002–2018)

Breakfast is often considered the most important meal of the day and can benefit adolescent health in several ways. The aims of the present study were (1) to identify adolescents’ socio-demographic (sex, family affluence and family structure) determinants of daily breakfast consumption (DBC) and (2) to describe trends in DBC among adolescents across 23 countries. Cross-sectional surveys of nationally representative samples of adolescents (aged 11, 13, and 15 years) (n = 589,737) participating in the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey from 2002 to 2018 were used. Multilevel logistic regression analyses modeled DBC over time, adjusted for family affluence, family structure and year of survey. Four countries showed an increased trend in DBC (the Netherlands, Macedonia, Slovenia, and England). A significant decrease in DBC was observed in 15 countries (Belgium-Fr, France, Germany, Croatia, Portugal, Spain, Hungary, Poland, Russian Federation, Ukraine, Denmark, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania and Sweden). In 4 countries no significant change was observed (Czech Republic, Scotland, Ireland and Norway). In most of the countries (n = 19), DBC was higher among the adolescents from high-affluence homes. In all the countries analysed, the adolescents living in two-parent households report higher DBC use than those in single-parent households. More than half of the countries showed a decrease in DBC. There is a need to implement key interventions by developing different strategies (education, incorporating educational curriculum and counselling programmes) to increase DBC. Comparing DBC patterns across HBSC countries is important for understanding regional and global trends, monitoring strategies, and developing health promotion programmes.
Book Review of Self-Sensing Concrete in Smart Structures

Self-Sensing Concrete in Smart Structures, published by Elsevier, is the first English monograph in the field of self-sensing concrete and its smart structures. The monograph contains 11 chapters in 3 parts. The first part describes in detail the structure, composition, preparations, testing methods, sensing properties, sensing mechanisms, and smart structures of self-sensing concrete. The second part gives the results of the authors’ systematic research in the field of self-sensing concrete materials and smart structures from 2000 to 2014, including the self-sensing concrete with carbon fiber, nickel powder, and carbon nanotubes. The third part discusses the future challenges and countermeasures for the development of self-sensing concrete and its smart structures. The monograph not only provides a comprehensive introduction to the basic principles of self-sensing concrete and the research cases of self-sensing concrete-based smart structures applications, but also presents a series of representative innovative researches results of selfsensing concrete and its smart structures, as well as plans and deploys the future research and applications of self-sensing concrete and its smart structures. This monograph can provide guidance and reference for scientific researchers and engineers in the field of concrete materials and structures as well as smart materials and structures.
Identification of series–parallel systems composed of linear and nonlinear blocks

Most works on system identification of block‐oriented nonlinear systems were devoted to Wiener and Hammerstein systems. This article is focused on a more general, and so more complex, nonlinear model structure. Specifically, the system under study is a series connection of two subsystems each one being constituted of linear dynamic block and a nonlinear static block coupled in parallel. Clearly, this system structure generalizes those of Wiener and Hammerstein systems. Interestingly, the linear blocks can be parametric or not and are allowed to be of unknown structure. We develop a two‐stage frequency‐type identification method that provides accurate estimates of the all system parts. The proposed identification method enjoys the simplicity and the consistency of developed estimators. Furthermore, the parameters of linear dynamic blocks can be easily decoupled without any further experiments. The performances of the proposed identification method are highlighted by several simulation results. As perspectives, one or the two nonlinearities can be considered non‐static, for example, of backlash type.
Procoagulant Activity of Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells’ Extracellular Vesicles (MSC-EVs)

Many cell types, including cancer cells, release tissue factor (TF)-exposing extracellular vesicles (EVs). It is unknown whether MSC-EVs pose a thromboembolism risk due to TF expression. Knowing that MSCs express TF and are procoagulant, we hypothesize that MSC-EVs also might. Here, we examined the expression of TF and the procoagulant activity of MSC-EVs and the impact of EV isolation methods and cell culture expansion on EV yield, characterization, and potential risk using a design of experiments methodology. MSC-EVs were found to express TF and have procoagulant activity. Thus, when MSC-derived EVs are employed as a therapeutic agent, one might consider TF, procoagulant activity, and thromboembolism risk and take steps to prevent them.
High-Efficiency CsPbBr3 Light-Emitting Diodes using One-Step Spin-Coating In Situ Dynamic Thermal Crystallization

All-inorganic perovskite materials (such as CsPbBr3) have received widespread attention because of their better stability than hybrid counterparts, but their poor film morphology and crystalline quality limit their application in perovskite light-emitting devices (PeLEDs). Some previous studies have attempted to improve the morphology and crystalline quality of perovskite films by heating the substrate, but there are still some problems such as inaccurate temperature control, excessive temperature is not conducive to flexible applications, and the mechanism of action is not clear. In this work, we used a one-step spin-coating, low-temperature in situ thermally assisted crystallization process, in which the temperature was accurately monitored using a thermocouple in the range of 23–80 °C, and explored the effect of the in situ thermally assisted crystallization temperature on the crystallization of the all-inorganic perovskite material CsPbBr3 and the performance of PeLEDs. In addition, we focused on the influence mechanism for the in situ thermally assisted crystallization process on the surface morphology and phase composition of the perovskite films and promote its possible application in inkjet printing and scratch coating methods.
Abnormal on Current Tendency in Saturation Region Between High and Light Carbon Doped Buffer Layer in p-GaN HEMT

To reduce drain leakage current, carbon doping is introduced in the GaN layer of the p-GaN HEMT device. The focus of this study is on the discussion of the abnormal current behavior that occurs in the saturation region of carbon-doped p-GaN HEMT. This abnormal phenomenon disappears when the device is heated up to 150°C. The abnormal current behavior corresponds to the hot electron stress (HES) result, which indicates that electron trapping causes this abnormal current behavior. An energy band is proposed to describe the lesser trapping effect that occurs in the saturation region.
Large-area avalanche diodes for picosecond time-correlated photon counting

Time-correlated photon counting experiments in life and material sciences demand photodetectors with single photon sensitivity, low noise and high time resolution. We have developed a planar silicon technology that allows the fabrication of large-area Single Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs) with unprecedented performance. SPAD devices with 100 µm active area diameter are obtained with dark counting rate of 3 kc/s and time resolution of 35 ps at room temperature. The photon detection efficiency peaks at 48% around 530 nm and stays above 30% in all the visible range. Afterpulsing probability is much lower than 1%. Thanks to the large active area, good optical collection efficiency can be achieved with relatively simple alignment procedures, thus opening the way to the exploitation of these devices in most demanding applications, such as single-molecule spectroscopy.
Vocal-tract models and their applications in education for intuitive understanding of speech production

This paper describes vocal-tract models that we have developed and their applications in education in acoustics. First, we grouped the representative models into two major categories depending on their configuration: straight vs. bent. Then, within each category, we discussed the characteristics of each model in terms of its degree of freedom of movement. Subsequently, we review lectures using the vocal-tract models and report the results of tests and questionnaires carried out simultaneously with the lectures, some of which were re-evaluated in this paper. On the basis of the review, we further discuss how education should be carried out using the vocal-tract models, and we made the following conclusions: 1) the models are useful not only for education on sounds themselves but also for phonetic education; 2) it is important that appropriate models should be selected depending on specific purposes; and 3) it is necessary to continuously develop more models having different properties with wider variations in the future.
Evaluation of Chinese Prickly Ash and Cinnamon to Mitigate Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines in Superheated Steam-Light Wave Roasted Lamb Meat Patties Using QuEChERS Method Coupled UPLC-MS/MS

Chinese prickly ash and cinnamon contain many antioxidants, which scavenge free radicals and can reduce many harmful compounds, such as heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs). Modern technologies used for cooking, such as the use of superheated steam roasting, are beneficial in decreasing the development of HAAs. The current study was based on the use of these two spices in roasted lamb patties to mitigate the formation of HAAs in superheated steam roasted patties. Results exhibited significant differences (p < 0.05) in the content of both polar and non-polar HAAs as compared to control patties. In cinnamon roasted patties, polar HAAs were reduced from 23.76 to 10.56 ng g−1, and non-polar HAAs were reduced from 21.34 to 15.47 ng g−1. In Chinese prickly ash patties, polar and non-polar HAAs were 43.60 ng g−1 and 35.74 ng g−1, respectively. Similarly, cinnamon-treated patties showed a significantly higher (p < 0.05) reduction in polar HAAs (23.52 to 12.41 ng g−1) than non-polar (16.08 to 9.51 ng g−1) at concentrations of 0.5–1.5%, respectively, as compared to the control, with 45.81 ng g−1 polar and 35.09 ng g−1 non-polar HAAs. The polar HAAs tested were PhIP, DMIP, IQx, and 8-MeIQx, while the non-polar were harman and norharman. Both spices and superheated steam controlled HAAs to a significant level in lamb meat patties.
A simulation of magneto-hydrostatic phenomena in thin liquid layers of an aluminum electrolytic cell

Technical and economical performances of an aluminum industrial electrolytic cell directly depend on the magnetohydrodynamic effects in thin liquid layers of molten aluminum and electrolyte. In this paper we describe a magneto-hydrostatic model of the cell-the first approach to the solution of a global MHD problem. To calculate the magnetic field in this model we use an improved formulation of the integro-differential method, based on the magnetic scalar potential.