Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design and Analysis of the Novel Test Tube Magnet for Portable NMR Device

The paper presents a novel test tube magnet (TTM) for Portable NMR device, which is composed of a dipole cylinder magnet and a hemi-cylinder or a hemi-sphere magnet. The hemi-cylinder or the hemi-sphere magnet is attached to one end of the dipole cylinder magnet, so that the whole magnet is shaped like a test tube. TTM generates a wide diameter spherical volume (DSV) with a high magnetic fleld homogeneity, which makes the device more applicable for portable NMR. The two conflgurations were simulated with three-dimensional flnite-element methods. Flux density elements are efiectively corrected in the DSV. The homogeneity increases, the magnet volumes and mass are markedly decreased, and the construction is very reasonable. Taken together the new designs have improved characteristics for portable NMR. DOI: 10.2529/PIERS060907042202
Sufficient conditions for dynamic state feedback linearization

Sufficient conditions are given for the existence of a dynamic state feedback compensator for a multi-input nonlinear system such that the closed loop system is transformable into a linear controllable one by an extended state space change of coordinates. An example shows that the conditions are not necessary. Necessary conditions are also given which are shown to be sufficient when the number of states minus the number of controls is equal to one. Several examples illustrate how the sufficient conditions obtained lead to the design of the dynamic compensator.
Microlensing and the structure of active galactic nucleus accretion disks

Rapid variability has been reported in two of the four gravitationally lensed images of Q2237+0305, and this is attributed to microlensing caused by the intervening stars. The associated constraints on the source size and properties are studied and compared with a variety of stationary accretion disk models. The half-power radius of graybody disks is determined. The reported microlensing variation in Q2237+0305 requires the disk size to be over 3 times smaller than a blackbody disk of similar luminosity, implying that the optical emission is either nonthermal or optically thin
Prediction of Cognitive Decline by Behavioral Symptoms in Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Background: Neuropsychiatric disorders are described by their neurological, behavioral, and cognitive symptoms. However, behavioral symptoms may often be overlooked due to the current approach in neurology. Objectives: This study investigated the relationship between behavioral symptoms and cognitive functioning in neurological disorders. The second aim was to predict neurocognitive patterns by behavioral symptoms as independent variables. Methods: Behavioral symptoms were collected based on semi-structured neuropsychiatric interviews with 211 patients admitted to the neuropsychiatry department of Ayatollah Kashani hospital in Isfahan by both a neuropsychiatry fellow and an attending neuropsychiatrist. A neuropsychiatry fellow assessed all patients using the neuropsychiatry unit cognitive (NUCog) assessment tool. We used a generalized linear model (GLM) to indicate the effect of behavioral symptoms on the risk of decline in cognitive domains. Due to the use of all available samples, this study had no age limit, and the patients were 15 to 92 years old. Results: The regression coefficient of NUCog subscale scores for behavioral symptoms using GLM revealed that education level had a positive relationship with the scores of attention (P < 0.001), visuoconstruction (P < 0.001), memory (P < 0.001), executive function (P < 0.001), language (P < 0.001), and the total score of NUCog (P < 0.001). Patients with apathy had lower scores on the memory subscale (P = 0.002) and total NUCog (P = 0.021). Similarly, patients with delusion had lower scores on memory (P = 0.006) and executive function (P = 0.026). There was a negative relationship between agitation and attention (P = 0.049), visuoconstruction (P = 0.015), memory (P = 0.018), executive function (P = 0.005), and total score of NUCog (P = 0.007). Sleep disturbances were accompanied by lower memory scores (P = 0.056) and lower mean NUCog scores (P = 0.052). Visual hallucination was associated with declined performance in attention (P = 0.057). Conclusions: Behavioral assessment can help predict cognitive patterns in patients with neurobehavioral syndromes.
Children's perception of clear-speech vowels

Clear speech is an intelligibility-enhancing mode of speech that increases identification accuracy in various listening populations (e.g., Picheny, Durlach, & Braida, 1986). Children identify words more accurately in clear-speech than in conversational-speech sentences in noise (Bradlow, Kraus, & Hayes, 2003). At the segmental level, adults identify clear speech vowels in noise significantly more accurately than conversational vowels in noise, with some vowels benefiting more from clear speech than others (Ferguson & Kewley-Port, 2002). However, whether children's perception of vowels in noise is aided by clear speech is not known. This study examined children's repetition of clear-speech vowels in noise. Four female adult speakers produced /i-e-ae-ɑ-ʌ/ in carrier phrases in conversational and clear speech. Stimuli were then presented in speech-shaped noise to school-aged children at different signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). Children's repetition of target words were recorded and coded by naive adult listene.
X-ray sources in regions of star formation. IV : High-resolution optical spectroscopy of X-ray identified candidate pre-main-sequence stars in the Chamaeleon I cloud

High dispersion optical spectra of 11 of the optical counterparts of the X-ray sources associated with the Cha I dark cloud are presented and discussed. Feigelson & Kriss (1989, ApJ, 338) suggested that eight of these were likely naked T Tauri stars, based on low dispersion optical spectra. We concur with four of the classifications; of the others, one star is a BY Dra binary, one is a classical T Tauri star and two are foreground or background stars. We also identify two naked T Tauri stars among stars Feigelson and Kriss did not observe
Bloch-state-based interpolation: An efficient generalization of the Shirley approach to interpolating electronic structure

electronic-structure calculations based on density-functional theory in this work. We provide some generalizations of the initial approach which reduce the number of required initial electronic-structure calculations, enabling accurate interpolation over the entire Brillouin zone based on calculations at the zone center only for large systems. We also generalize the representation of nonlocal Hamiltonians, leading to a more efficient implementation which permits the use of both norm-conserving and ultrasoft pseudopotentials in the input calculations. Numerically interpolated electronic eigenvalues with accuracy that is within 0.01 eV can be produced at very little computational cost. Furthermore, accurate eigenfunctions—expressed in the optimal basis—provide easy access to useful matrix elements for simulating spectroscopy and we provide details for computing optical transition amplitudes. The approach is also applicable to other theoretical frameworks such as the Dyson equation for quasiparticle excitations or the Bethe-Salpeter equation for optical responses.
Delayed flow in thermo-reversible colloidal gels

In this study we present a systematic investigation of the highly nonlinear creep behavior of thermo-reversible gels composed of octadecyl coated silica particles suspended in decalin. These suspensions display a gelation transition below a volume fraction dependent critical temperature. The mechanical response of the resulting gels is characterized by a time for the elastic modulus to recover after preshear that can take several hours. Once steady state is reached, upon application of a constant stress, σ, the compliance of the gel falls into two regimes. Below a critical stress, σcrit, the strain produced in the gel increases slowly with time where the rate of increase decreases with time. Above σcrit, at short times, the strain response is nearly identical to that observed when σ<σcrit. However, at a stress dependent characteristic time, τbreak, the gel yields under the shear stress and begins to flow similar to a liquid leading to a rapid increase in the strain by several orders in magnitude. τbreak d.
The Changing Epidemiology of Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease: Gender, Race, and Risk Factors

Cases of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) are increasing at a steady rate in the United States with more patients presenting with alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) and alcohol-associated cirrhosis (AC). While alcohol use has increased across many demographic groups, women are suffering from a greater increase in alcohol use disorder (AUD), and are at a greater risk of ALD due to pathophysiological differences which include absorption of alcohol, first pass metabolism, and hormonal differences. Differences across race have also been found with Native Americans and Hispanics suffering from some of the largest increases in ALD rates. Younger adults are heavily impacted by rising rates of both AUD and ALD. Comorbidities such as obesity and NASH have been shown to augment the deleterious effects of AUD and ALD, resulting in more advanced liver disease. Finally, COVID-19 and policies related to the pandemic have resulted in increased AUD across many cohorts, which has itself resulted in marked increases in ALD. In conclusion, ALD rates are rising, with young people and women particularly impacted.
Physician Responses to Medicare Reimbursement Rates

I investigate how physicians respond when the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) change Medicare reimbursement rates. In 2011 the Affordable Care Act increased reimbursement rates in four states differentially across physicians. I use this relatively recent and plausibly exogenous variation to conduct a difference-in-difference analysis comparing physicians with higher reimbursement increases to those with lower increases. I focus on officebased physicians because they had the largest reimbursement rate increases and are more likely to have their income closely tied to Medicare reimbursements (rather than, for example, receiving a wage from a hospital employer). I find that physicians with higher reimbursement rate increases were more likely to continue providing office-based care, while physicians with relatively lower reimbursement were more likely to move all their provision to hospitals and other non-office facilities. Switching practice location to non-office facilities suggests that the physicians have vertically integrated with the facilities, for example, as employees, so my analysis shows a causal link between Medicare reimbursement and the recently increasing vertical integration across the United States. I also find that physicians who remain in office-based care exhibit a positive supply response to the reimbursement increase. My findings suggest that when CMS sets reimbursement rates, it should consider that constraining spending by decreasing rates may limit access. Likewise, it should consider the impacts on vertical integration and such integration’s subsequent impacts on costs and quality, as well as spillovers onto Medicare Advantage and other insurers from changing provider concentration.
The Impact of Capital Structure on Digital Bank Valuation in Indonesia

The restricted activities during Covid -19 pandemic encourage people to spend more on online activities. One of the most shift activities happened in the banking sector activities. The high demand for digital services encourages banks to accelerate the transformation and development of their mobile banking to be more advanced. One exciting thing about the development of digital banks in Indonesia is the phenomenon of the high valuation of digital banks compared to other conventional banks. This study will answer whether the corporate action taken by large companies to buy small banks and transform them into digital banks is a factor in the high valuation of these digital banks. Moreover, will the high valuation persist or move into the normal range of other banks? This study used a quantitative research method. The approach of research used is a regression statistic model. Based on the Hausman test of 3 models used in this research, the best model used to identify the result is the fixed-effect model. The result showed a negative correlation between DER and PBV which was used as the variable in this research. There are many problems found in the ancient test statistic. There is no multicollinearity, autocorrelation, and heteroskedasticity. So, the result of fixed-effect regression in this research showed the BLUE analysis result.
Raman instrument calibration for astromaterials and analysis of Mars return samples

The study of astromaterials generally involves the distribution of limited sample to many laboratories for analysis. Maximum scientific yield for a sample occurs when the data and results from different studies are examined as a collective. This collective examination of results will be particularly important for upcoming sample return missions including Mars sample return and OSIRIS‐REx. When comparing results across laboratories, instrument calibration is of key importance. For Raman data, this includes the calibration of all three Raman band parameters: peak wavenumber position, bandwidth, and intensity. Although wavenumber is routinely calibrated, bandwidth and intensity are not; though they are commonly compared across studies. In addition, Raman instrument calibration is time dependent. An understanding of the time dependence of instrument calibration is important for proper calibration. Here, we use a mixture of well‐established and recently developed calibration techniques to propose a standard method of calibrating Raman astromaterial data across laboratories to maximize the scientific value of the data.
FLEXPERT: facility layout expert system using fuzzy linguistic relationship codes

Linguistic variables, fuzzy statements and fuzzy algorithms, from the theory of fuzzy sets, provide suitable tools to solve ill-defined problems. Unlike conventional techniques that deal only with discrete conditions, like ‘on’ and ‘off’, and precise numerical values, fuzzy logic offers an alternate technique that deals with non-discrete conditions, such as ‘absolutely important’, ‘quite important’ and ‘less important’. This paper presents a new approach, based on the theory of fuzzy logic, to solve the facility layout problem. The proposed approach considers the multicriteria nature of the layout problem and the fuzziness of the input data through the integration of an expert system and a fuzzy algorithm with a facility layout program. The system generates the best layout that satisfies die qualitative as well as the quantitative constraints on the layout problem. This facilitates the incorporation of the knowledge of facility layout experts. A knowledge-based system, named FLEXPERT, has been developed t.
International breadth in coopetition and innovation performance: evidence from the Spanish biotechnology industry

ABSTRACT Collaboration with competitors – coopetition – enables access to valuable knowledge and resources for innovation and is seen as common practice in some knowledge-intensive sectors. Using longitudinal data from the Spanish biotechnology sector (a total of 1605 observations), this study examines the relationship between the international breadth of coopetition – the sum of the different international areas in which a firm’s coopetitors are located – and innovation performance. The results show that a firm must collaborate with competitors in more than a single geographical area to begin to experience the positive effect of international breadth on innovation performance. Furthermore, the results vary significantly in the presence of two different contingencies. Under conditions of lack of technological information, international breadth increases in value. When perceived market uncertainty is high, however, optimal results are achieved when the international breadth is limited to a single area.
Damped Lyman-Alpha Absorption by Disk Galaxies with Large Redshifts. IV. More Intermediate-Resolution Spectroscopy

New intermediate-resolution spectroscopy for six members of a sample of 68 moderate- to high-redshift QSOs is presented. Evidence is reported which indicates that seven strong absorption features in the QSO spectra are due to damped Ly-alpha absorption. A standard curve-of-growth analysis on five of the damped systems is performed, and relevant properties are tabulated and discussed. Six of the seven damped Ly-alpha systems have H I column densities of 2 x 10 to the 20th/sq cm or larger, while the remaining system has an H I column density of about 10 to the 20th/sq cm. It is suggested that damped Ly-alpha systems arise when a sight line intercepts a high-redshift protogalaxy disk containing a quiescent cloud component characterized by high column density and low effective velocity dispersion. At the same time, the sight line usually intercepts a broader turbulent component, which is identified as the halo, characterized by much lower column density and higher effective velocity dispersion. 42 refs.
Controlling the physical field using the shape function technique

Abstract A field is described as a region under the influence of some physical force, such as electricity, magnetism, or heat. It is a continuous distribution in the space of continuous quantities. The characteristics of the field are that the values vary continuously between neighboring points. However, because of the continuous nature of the field, it is possible to approximate a physical field of interpolation operations to reduce the cost of sampling and simplify the calculation. This article introduces the modeling of the parametric intensity of physical fields in a general form based on the interpolation shape function technique. Besides the node points with sample data, there are interpolation points, whose accuracy depends significantly on the type of interpolation function and the number of node points sampled. Therefore, a comparative analysis of theoretical shape functions (TSFs) and experimental shape functions (ESFs) is carried out to choose a more suitable type of shape function when interpolating. Specifically, the temperature field is the quantity selected to apply, analyze, and conduct experiments. Theoretical computations, experiments, and comparisons of results have been obtained for each type of shape function in the same physical model under the same experimental conditions. The results show that ESF has an accuracy (error of 0.66%) much better than TSF (error of 10.34%). Moreover, the field model surveyed by a generalized reduced gradient algorithm allows for identifying points with the required parameter values presented in detail. The illustrated calculations on temperature field control in the article show that the solution for both forward and reverse problems can be determined very quickly with high accuracy and stability. Therefore, this technique is expected to be entirely feasible when applied to thermal control processes such as drying in paint technology, kilns, and heat dissipation in practice.
High-resolution inverse synthetic aperture radar imaging of manoeuvring targets with sparse aperture

In high-resolution radar imaging, there is inevitable migration through range cells (MTRCs) in an inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) image due to the manoeuvrability of the target. In the case of sparse aperture (SA) measurement, it is generally difficult to accurately correct MTRCs to degrade the imaging performance. An approach of SA-imaging jointly with MTRC correction for manoeuvring targets is presented. Under a chirp-Fourier dictionary by involving MTRCs, the ISAR image formation is treated as a sparse-driven optimisation to overcome the SA. Experiments based on the measured data are performed to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Characterizing nutritional phenotypes using experimental nutrigenomics: Is there nutrient‐specificity to different types of dietary stress?

The ability to directly measure and monitor poor nutrition in individual animals and ecological communities is hampered by methodological limitations. In this study, we use nutrigenomics to identify nutritional biomarkers in a freshwater zooplankter, Daphnia pulex, a ubiquitous primary consumer in lakes and a sentinel of environmental change. We grew animals in six ecologically relevant nutritional treatments: nutrient replete, low carbon (food), low phosphorus, low nitrogen, low calcium and high Cyanobacteria. We extracted RNA for transcriptome sequencing to identify genes that were nutrient responsive and capable of predicting nutritional status with a high degree of accuracy. We selected a list of 125 candidate genes, which were subsequently pruned to 13 predictive potential biomarkers. Using a nearest‐neighbour classification algorithm, we demonstrate that these potential biomarkers are capable of classifying our samples into the correct nutritional group with 100% accuracy. The functional annotation of the selected biomarkers revealed some specific nutritional pathways and supported our hypothesis that animal responses to poor nutrition are nutrient specific and not simply different presentations of slow growth or energy limitation. This is a key step in uncovering the causes and consequences of nutritional limitation in animal consumers and their responses to small‐ and large‐scale changes in biogeochemical cycles.
Normalized entropy of rank distribution: a novel measure of heterogeneity of complex networks

Many unique properties of complex networks result from heterogeneity. The measure and analysis of heterogeneity are important and desirable to the research of the properties and functions of complex networks. In this paper, the rank distribution is proposed as a new statistic feature of complex networks. Based on the rank distribution, a novel measure of the heterogeneity called a normalized entropy of rank distribution (NERD) is proposed. The NERD accords with the normal meaning of heterogeneity within the context of complex networks compared with conventional measures. The heterogeneity of scale-free networks is studied using the NERD. It is shown that scale-free networks become more heterogeneous as the scaling exponent decreases and the NERD of scale-free networks is independent of the number of vertices, which indicates that the NERD is a suitable and effective measure of heterogeneity for networks with different sizes.