Load Balancing Method for Wireless Sensor Network

By Distributing load on the surrounding nodes in the sensor network leads to the elimination of overload of center node. This results in the increase in the energy life span of the node and network and also prevent from the formation of holes in the network. In this paper, we design a load balancing algorithm that results in elimination of congestion on center node. We find that our algorithm achieves the load that is more effectively balanced than the horizontal-Vertical routingt. With the rapid development in the low cost sensing devices, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have recently emerged as an active research area. Wireless sensor network consists of a large number of low cost, low power and multi functional sensing nodes that sense the environmental activities and work collaboratively to process and route the sensor data. (1)(3)WSNs are suitable for a large number of applications including battlefield monitoring, habitat monitoring, tracking of office equipment and environment surveillance. These sensor nodes have sensing component to collect the information, power supply unit, communication unit to transmit and receive data and processing unit. As these sensing units are low battery-powered that's why it is very important to minimize the power consumption of wireless network. A great concern in WSNs is the distribution of networking load effectively as a sensor network scale up in size. Load balancing averages the energy consumption by spreading the workload across the sensor network. This helps in extending the expected lifespan of the whole sensor network by extending the time until the first node is out of energy. With the help of load balancing we can reduce the congestion hot spots by reducing wireless collision. (5) In this paper we are going to develop an algorithm for load balancing in N*N grid wireless sensor network. In this we consider All to All communication mode where every node can receive and transmit to all remaining node of that network. In this type of network, we transmit by a shortest path that results in the overload or congestion on very center node. So due to this overloaded node whole network collapse in a very short time. To balance this load, we distribute the load on surrounding nodes. To explore this problem, we consider both the case: in static case which have no failed node and in dynamic case, there are some nodes which are failed. In the static case we implemented the Horizontal-Vertical method for finding the efficiency of new algorithm. In dynamic case, success ratio is much more important than the load balancing in the network. II. Load Balancing in WSNs In the network when load on a particular node exceeds than a threshold value, which is 50% of the initial energy of that node, then that node is considered as overloaded node. Due to congestion on a single node results in the discharge of that node at a very high rate as compared to other nodes. Due to uneven load distribution in the network, holes are created (3). Due to these holes efficiency of the network degrades and also responsible for the loss of packets. So routing in the sensor network is one of the important issue and many difficulties are faced during deployment of routing strategies. These routing strategies are affected by irregular topologies. In order to avoid this problem regular topologies are preferred over irregular one. An efficient routing approach should be developed which avoid the congestion on some nodes and also prevents from the formation of holes (6)(7)(11)(12).