Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) Linear stability analysis of magnetized relativistic rotating jets

We carry out a linear stability analysis of a magnetized relativistic rotating cylindrical jet flow using the approximation of zero thermal pressure. We identify several modes of instability in the jet: Kelvin–Helmholtz, current-driven and two kinds of centrifugal-buoyancy modes – toroidal and poloidal. The Kelvin–Helmholtz mode is found at low magnetization and its growth rate depends very weakly on the pitch parameter of the background magnetic field and on rotation. The current-driven mode is found at high magnetization, the values of its growth rate and the wavenumber, corresponding to the maximum growth, increase as we decrease the pitch parameter of the background magnetic field. This mode is stabilized by rotation, especially, at high magnetization. The centrifugal-buoyancy modes, arising due to rotation, tend also to be more stable when magnetization is increased. Overall, relativistic jet flows appear to be more stable with respect to their non-relativistic counterpart.
Peer Assisted Learning; The Perspective of Peer Tutors

Objective: To determine the perspective of PAL tutors regarding the effectiveness of PAL in promoting knowledge and skills among the undergraduate students using small group discussions in an integrated module. Methodology: A prospective qualitative method study was conducted at Rawal Dental College, Islamabad, from April to June, 2021, for 12 weeks. Students from the second year of BDS (n = 50) were divided into five small groups. Five students’ volunteers were chosen from those who completed the previous units with more than 80% summative assessment score and with good communication skills. The group discussion centered on the application of core knowledge and skills in pathology. Responses from the tutors for the qualitative data were obtained using in depth one-on-one semi-structured interviews with audio recorded. The verbatim in the form of audio and notes were transcribed, and the qualitative analysis was performed by two independent investigators, generating codes, themes, and subthemes. Results: The results showed the comprehensive understanding of the insights of tutors and the motivational elements for achieving academic goals and improving teamwork and teaching skills. Many factors encouraged their participation as tutors, including the acquisition of knowledge and leadership skills. The students felt that their compassionate attitude encouraged active participation by the fellow students, increasing their confidence and learning. The students perceived that they had attained essential attributes that would benefit them in professional life in the future. Conclusion: The students enjoyed the Peer-assisted learning experience and recognized its importance for their academic and professional development. While learning in a relaxed environment, the students achieved their basic learning goals, developed leadership skills, improved communication skills, and gained confidence. Keywords: Peer Group, Integrated curriculum, Near-Peer tutoring.
SUPERNOVA REMNANT MASS ACCUMULATED DURING THE STAR FORMATION HISTORY OF THE z = 3.8 RADIO GALAXIES 4C41.17 AND TN J2007-1316

In this paper, we show that the supernova remnant (SNR) masses accumulated from core-collapse supernovae (SNe) along the star formation history of two powerful z = 3.8 radio galaxies, 4C41.17 and TN J2007-1316, reach up to ≥ 10 9 M ⊙ ? > , which is comparable to supermassive black hole (SMBH) masses measured from the SDSS sample at similar redshifts. The SNR mass is measured from the already exploded SN mass after subtraction of ejecta while the mass of still luminous stars fits at best the observed spectral energy distribution, continuously extended to the optical–Spitzer–Herschel–submm domains, with the help of the galaxy evolution model Pégase. 3. For recent and old stellar populations, SNR masses vary about 10 9 − 10 M ⊙ ? > and the SNR–to–star mass ratio between 1% and 0.1% is comparable to the observed low-z SMBH–to–star mass ratio. For the template radio galaxy 4C41.17, SNR and stellar population masses estimated from large aperture (>4 arcsec = 30 kpc) observations are compatible, within one order of mass, with the total mass of multiple optical Hubble Space Telescope (700 pc) structures associated with VLA radio emissions, both at 0.1 arcsec. Probing the SNR accretion fueling central black holes is a simple explanation for SMBH growth, which requires the physics of star formation and stellar and galaxy dynamics with consequences for various processes (quenching, mergers, negative feedback) and is also a key to the bulge–SMBH relation.
Tromboembolismo venoso associado ao uso de contraceptivos orais: uma revisão integrativa

Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre tromboembolismo venoso e o uso de contraceptivos orais. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa. Foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico nas bases de dados na Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS) e PUBMED, em língua portuguesa e inglesa. As informações extraídas dos artigos selecionados foram referidas aos seguintes itens: título do periódico e do artigo; titulação dos autores; ano, local, volume e número da publicação. Além desses itens, nos estudos foram observadas as informações sobre as metodologias utilizadas, os resultados alcançados e as conclusões a que os autores chegaram. Resultados: Foram encontrados o total de 8 artigos e após um mecanismo de refinamento na busca nas plataformas pelos critérios da inclusão foram incluídos 7 trabalhos, pois um encontrava-se fora do idioma selecionado. Esses foram sujeitos a uma análise profunda e observado se o assunto abordado condiz com o preconizado pelo presente estudo, obedecendo os critérios de exclusão. Conclusão: Com base nos resultados obtidos no presente estudo, observa-se que o elevado risco de TVP ou EP são em pacientes que fazem uso de antioconcepcional combinados. Achados da literatura ainda não compreenderam qual contraceptivo oral é mais nocivo à saúde da mulher, entretanto, nota-se que a associação de drospirinona e progestágenos de terceira geração ou o contraceptivo oral combinado de quarta geração apresentam risco ligeiramente maior de TEV quando comparados com pacientes que fazem uso de primeira e segunda geração.
How clustering dark energy affects matter perturbations

The rate of structure formation in the Universe is different in homogeneous and clustered dark energy models. The degree of dark energy clustering depends on the magnitude of its effective sound speed $c^{2}_{\rm eff}$ and for $c_{\rm eff}=0$ dark energy clusters in a similar fashion to dark matter while for $c_{\rm eff}=1$ it stays (approximately) homogeneous. In this paper we consider two distinct equations of state for the dark energy component, $w_{\rm d}=const$ and $w_{\rm d}=w_0+w_1\left(\frac{z}{1+z}\right)$ with $c_{\rm eff}$ as a free parameter and we try to constrain the dark energy effective sound speed using current available data including SnIa, Baryon Acoustic Oscillation, CMB shift parameter ({\em Planck} and {\em WMAP}), Hubble parameter, Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and the growth rate of structures $f\sigma_{8}(z)$. At first we derive the most general form of the equations governing dark matter and dark energy clustering under the assumption that $c_{\rm eff}=const$. Finally, performing an overall likelihood analysis we find that the likelihood function peaks at $c_{\rm eff}=0$, however the dark energy sound speed is degenerate with respect to the cosmological parameters, namely $\Omega_{\rm m}$ and $w_{\rm d}$.
Type-I superconductivity and neutron star precession

Type-I proton superconducting cores of neutron stars break up in a magnetic field into alternating domains of superconducting and normal fluids. We examine two channels of superfluid-normal fluid friction where (i) rotational vortices are decoupled from the nonsuperconducting domains and the interaction is due to the strong force between protons and neutrons; (ii) the nonsuperconducting domains are dynamically coupled to the vortices and the vortex motion generates transverse electric fields within them, causing electronic current flow and Ohmic dissipation. The obtained dissipation coefficients are consistent with the Eulerian precession of neutron stars.
Entanglement sharing in one-particle states

Entanglement sharing among sites of one-particle states is considered using the measure of concurrence. These are the simplest in a hierarchy of number-specific states of many qubits and correspond to ``one-magnon'' states of spins. We study the effects of onsite potentials that are both integrable and nonintegrable. In the integrable case, we point to a metal-insulator transition that reflects on the way entanglement is shared. In the nonintegrable case, the average entanglement content increases and saturates along with a transition to classical chaos. Such quantum chaotic states are shown to have universal concurrence distributions that are modified Bessel functions derivable within random matrix theory. Time-reversal breaking and time-evolving states are shown to possess significantly higher entanglement sharing capacity than eigenstates of time-reversal symmetric systems. We use the ordinary Harper and the kicked Harper Hamiltonians as model systems.
Bitcoin price prediction using optimized multiplicative long short term memory with attention mechanism using modified cuckoo search optimization

For the past few years, Bitcoin plays a vital role in both the economical and financial industries. In order to gain a huge return on investment, the investors are eager to forecast the future value of Bitcoin. However, Bitcoin price variation is quite nonlinear and chaotic in nature, so it creates more difficulty in forecasting future value. Researchers found that the multiplicative long short term memory (LSTM) model will be more efficient for predicting those complex variations. So, target mission is about to develop an optimized multiplicative LSTM with an Attention mechanism using Technical Indicators derived from historical data. A modified cuckoo search optimization model is proposed to tune the hyperparameter of the Deep Learning model. This novel optimization algorithm eliminates the local optimum and slower convergence problem of the cuckoo search optimization algorithm. Deibold Mariano test is performed to statistically evaluate the proposed model and it is inferred that the recommended methodology is statistically fit. Regression metrics such as root mean square error, mean square error and mean absolute error has been used for comparative evaluation with related benchmark techniques such as genetic algorithm optimized LSTM (GA–LSTM), particle swarm optimized LSTM (PSO–LSTM) and cuckoo search optimized LSTM (CSO–LSTM). The empirical result shows that the recommended methodology outperforms the taken benchmark models and provides better accuracy.
Modélisation du transport réactif dans les eaux souterraines : généralisation des méthodes ELLAM : (Eulerian-Lagrangian Localized Adjoint Method)

Le devenir des polluants dans les sols constitue un enjeu environnemental majeur. Dans ce travail, nous apportons une contribution a quelques methodes numeriques pour la simulation de l’ecoulement et du transfert de polluants en milieu poreux variablement satures. La propagation d’un contaminant dans les milieux souterrains depend en premier lieu des caracteristiques de l’ecoulement qui le transporte. Dans la premiere partie de ce travail, nous presentons la methode des elements finis mixtes hybrides pour la resolution de l’equation de Richards. Une procedure de condensation de la masse est proposee pour eviter l’apparition d’oscillations non physiques, notamment lors de la simulation de problemes d’infiltration dans un milieu initialement sec.Dans la deuxieme partie de ce travail, la methode ELLAM (Eulerian-Lagrangian Localized Adjoint Method) est utilisee pour la modelisation du transport reactif en milieux fortement heterogenes. En effet, les resultats obtenus pour le transport lineaire, decrit par l’equation d’advection-dispersion, avec les ELLAM sont tres encourageants. La methode ELLAM permet (i) de s’affranchir des contraintes de discretisations spatiale ettemporelle imposees avec les methodes euleriennes classiques, (ii) de conserver la masse et (iii) de traiter toutes les conditions aux limites. Par ailleurs, nous proposons une nouvelle formulation des ELLAM (C_ELLAM) permettant d’eviter les oscillations numeriques et de limiter la diffusion numerique generees parla formulation standard.Dans la derniere partie, le code de calcul elabore avec la formulation C_ELLAM est utilise pour la caracterisation de la macrodispersion dans les milieux heterogenes. Pour ce faire, il est indispensable de disposer d’outils de simulation precis et efficaces car cette etude est basee sur une methode Monte Carlo necessitant la realisation d’un tres grand nombre de simulations sur des grilles de calcul de l’ordre du million de mailles. Les resultats obtenus sont compares avec une etude anterieure basee sur le Random WalkParticle Method.
Nonunitarity effects in a realistic low-scale seesaw model

We analyze the structure of the nonunitary leptonic mixing matrix in the inverse seesaw model with heavy singlets accessible at the LHC. In this model, unlike in the usual TeV seesaw scenarios, the low-scale right-handed neutrinos do not suffer from naturalness issues. Underlying correlations among various parameters governing the nonunitarity effects are established, which leads to a considerable improvement of the generic nonunitarity bounds. In view of this, we study the discovery potential of the nonunitarity effects at future experiments, focusing on the sensitivity limits at a neutrino factory.
Non-Perturbative Spectrum of Two Dimensional (1,1) Super Yang-Mills at Finite and Large N

We consider the dimensional reduction of N = 1 SYM 2+1 to 1 + 1 dimensions, which has (1 , 1) supersymmetry. The gauge groups we consider are U( N ) and SU( N ), where N is a ﬁnite variable. We implement Discrete Light-Cone Quantization to determine non-perturbatively the bound states in this theory. A careful analysis of the spectrum is performed at various values of N , including the case where N is large (but ﬁnite), allowing a precise measurement of the 1 /N eﬀects in the quantum theory. The low energy sector of the theory is shown to be dominated by string-like states. The techniques developed here may be applied to any two dimensional ﬁeld theory with or without supersymmetry.
Gramine protects against pressure overload-induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy through Runx1-TGFBR1 signaling.

BACKGROUND Gramine, also named 3-(N,N-dimethylaminomethyl) indole, is a indole alkaloid. It is mainly extracted from various natural raw plants. Despite being the simplest 3-aminomethylindole, Gramine has broad pharmaceutical and therapeutic effects, such as vasodilatation, antioxidation, mitochondrial bioenergetics-related effects, and angiogenesis via modulation of TGFβ signaling. However, there is little information available about Gramine's role in heart disease, especially pathological cardiac hypertrophy. PURPOSE To investigate Gramine's effect on pathological cardiac hypertrophy and clarify the mechanisms behind its action. METHODS In the in vitro experiment, Gramine (25 μM or 50 μM) was used to investigate its role in Angiotensin II-induced primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) hypertrophy. In the in vivo experiment, Gramine (50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg) was administrated to investigate its role in transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery mice. Additionally, we explored the mechanisms underlying these roles through Western blot, Real-time PCR, genome-wide transcriptomic analysis, chromatin immunoprecipitation and molecular docking studies. RESULTS The in vitro data demonstrated that Gramine treatment obviously improved primary cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by Angiotensin II, but had few effects on the activation of fibroblasts. The in vivo experiments indicated that Gramine significantly mitigated TAC-induced myocardial hypertrophy, interstitial fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction. Mechanistically, RNA sequencing and further bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)-related signaling pathway was enriched significantly and preferentially in Gramine-treated mice as opposed to vehicle-treated mice during pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Moreover, this cardio-protection of Gramine was found to mainly involved in TGFβ receptor 1 (TGFBR1)- TGFβ activated kinase 1 (TAK1)-p38 MAPK signal cascade. Further exploration showed that Gramine restrained the up-regulation of TGFBR1 by binding to Runt-related transcription factor 1 (Runx1), thereby alleviating pathological cardiac hypertrophy. CONCLUSION Our findings provided a substantial body of evidence that Gramine possessed a potential druggability in pathological cardiac hypertrophy via suppressing the TGFBR1-TAK1-p38 MAPK signaling axis through interaction with transcription factor Runx1.
Creating solitons by means of spin-orbit coupling

This mini-review collects results predicting the creation of matter-wave solitons by the spinor system of Gross-Pitaevskii equations (GPEs) with the self-attractive cubic nonlinearity and linear first-order-derivative terms accounting for the spin-orbit coupling (SOC). In 1D, the so-predicted bright solitons are similar to usual ones, supported by the GPE in the absence of SOC. Essentially new results were recently obtained for 2D and 3D systems: SOC suppresses the collapse instability in the multidimensional GPE, creating 2D ground-state solitons and metastable 3D ones of two types: semi-vortices (SVs), with vorticities m = 1 in one component and m = 0 in the other, and mixed modes (MMs), with m = 0 and present in both components. With the Galilean invariance broken by SOC, moving solitons exist up to a certain critical velocity. The latest result predicts stable 2D “quantum droplets” of the MM type in the presence of the Lee-Huang-Yang corrections to the GPE system, induced by quantum fluctuations, in the case when the inter-component attraction dominates over the self-repulsion in each component.
Andreev transport in two-dimensional normal-superconducting systems in strong magnetic fields

The conductance in two-dimensional (2D) normal-superconducting (NS) systems is analyzed in the limit of strong magnetic fields when the transport is mediated by the electron-hole states bound to the sample edges and NS interface, i.e., in the Integer Quantum Hall Effect regime. The Andreev-type process of the conversion of the quasiparticle current into the superflow is shown to be strongly affected by the mixing of the edge states localized at the NS and insulating boundaries. The magnetoconductance in 2D NS structures is calculated for both quadratic and Dirac-like normal state spectra. Assuming a random scattering of the edge modes we analyze both the average value and fluctuations of conductance for an arbitrary number of conducting channels.
PROBING REIONIZATION WITH THE CROSS-POWER SPECTRUM OF 21 cm AND NEAR-INFRARED RADIATION BACKGROUNDS

The cross-correlation between the 21 cm emission from the high-redshift intergalactic medium and the near-infrared (NIR) background light from high-redshift galaxies promises to be a powerful probe of cosmic reionization. In this paper, we investigate the cross-power spectrum during the epoch of reionization. We employ an improved halo approach to derive the distribution of the density field and consider two stellar populations in the star formation model: metal-free stars and metal-poor stars. The reionization history is further generated to be consistent with the electron-scattering optical depth from cosmic microwave background measurements. Then, the intensity of the NIR background is estimated by collecting emission from stars in first-light galaxies. On large scales, we find that the 21 cm and NIR radiation backgrounds are positively correlated during the very early stages of reionization. However, these two radiation backgrounds quickly become anti-correlated as reionization proceeds. The maximum absolute value of the cross-power spectrum is mK nW m−2 sr−1, reached at ℓ ∼ 1000 when the mean fraction of ionized hydrogen is . We find that Square Kilometer Array can measure the 21 cm–NIR cross-power spectrum in conjunction with mild extensions to the existing CIBER survey, provided that the integration time independently adds up to 1000 and 1 hr for 21 cm and NIR observations, and that the sky coverage fraction of the CIBER survey is extended from 4 × 10−4 to 0.1. Measuring the cross-correlation signal as a function of redshift provides valuable information on reionization and helps confirm the origin of the “missing” NIR background.
Ultra high energy cosmic rays: implications of Auger data for source spectra and chemical composition

We use a kinetic-equation approach to describe the propagation of ultra high energy cosmic ray protons and nuclei and calculate the expected spectra and mass composition at the Earth for different assumptions on the source injection spectra and chemical abundances. When compared with the spectrum, the elongation rate Xmax(E) and dispersion σ(Xmax) as observed with the Pierre Auger Observatory, several important consequences can be drawn: a) the injection spectra of nuclei must be very hard, ∼ E-γ with γ∼ 1- 1.6; b) the maximum energy of nuclei of charge Z in the sources must be ∼ 5Z× 1018 eV, thereby not requiring acceleration to extremely high energies; c) the fit to the Auger spectrum can be obtained only at the price of adding an ad hoc light extragalactic component with a steep injection spectrum ∼ E-2.7). In this sense, at the ankle EA≈ 5× 1018 eV) all the components are of extragalactic origin, thereby suggesting that the transition from Galactic to extragalactic cosmic rays occurs below the ankle. Interestingly, the additional light extragalactic component postulated above compares well, in terms of spectrum and normalization, with the one recently measured by KASCADE-Grande.
Baikal-GVD: status and prospects

Baikal-GVD is a next generation, kilometer-scale neutrino telescope under construction in Lake Baikal. It is designed to detect astrophysical neutrino fluxes at energies from a few TeV up to 100 PeV. GVD is formed by multi-megaton subarrays (clusters). The array construction started in 2015 by deployment of a reduced-size demonstration cluster named "Dubna" . The first cluster in it’s baseline configuration was deployed in 2016, the second in 2017 and the third in 2018. The full-scale GVD will be an array of ~10.000 light sensors with an instrumented volume about of 2 cubic km. The first phase (GVD-1) is planned to be completed by 2020-2021. It will comprise 8 clusters with 2304 light sensors in total. We describe the design of Baikal-GVD and present selected results obtained in 2015 - 2017.
A uniqueness criterion for the Fock quantization of scalar fields with time-dependent mass

A major problem in the quantization of fields in curved spacetimes is the ambiguity in the choice of a Fock representation for the canonical commutation relations. There exists infinite number of choices leading to different physical predictions. In stationary scenarios, a common strategy is to select a vacuum (or a family of unitarily equivalent vacua) by requiring invariance under the spacetime symmetries. When stationarity is lost, a natural generalization consists in replacing time invariance by unitarity in the evolution. We prove that when the spatial sections are compact, the criterion of a unitary dynamics, together with the invariance under the spatial isometries, suffices to select a unique family of Fock quantizations for a scalar field with time-dependent mass.