Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Alternative Abnormality Discovery and Recovery Algorithm Rooted on MDBUT-Mean Filter for CAIA

For abnormality discovery and recovery of data in research and industry community, especially digital image data, the abnormality discovery and recovery algorithms are the necessary process for digital image processing. The philosophy document proposes the alternative abnormality discovery and recovery algorithm rooted on the Modified decision based unsymmetric trimmed mean filter (MDBUT-Mean Filter) that is upgraded from mean filter in order to overcome the deficiency of the preliminary abnormality discovery and recovery algorithms, for consistent amplitude impulsive abnormality (CAIA). Particular abnormality pixel, which is philosophically resolved from the its abnormality pixel and their nearby pixels by MDBUT-Mean Filter, is discovered to be whether a normality pixel or an abnormality pixel by integrating with the pre-defined calculation area of all nearby pixels. In the investigated simulation, profuse abnormality illustrations, which are collected of Girl and Baboon at all range of abnormality consistency, are implemented for investigating the skillfulness of MDBUT-Mean Filter for abnormality discovery and recovery algorithm. The first contribution of this paper is the simulated determination of the optimal pre-defined calculation area of all nearby pixels in order to make the MDBUT-Mean Filter the highest discovery rate: abnormality discovery rate, normality discovery rate, miss rate and fault alarm. The second contribution of this paper is the contrastive skillfulness investigation of the MDBUT-Mean Filter, which is contrasted with the preliminary abnormality recovery algorithms: SMF, SF and AMF in objective indicator (PSNR) and subjective indicator (illustration quality).
Advancements and application prospects of three-dimensional models for primary liver cancer: a comprehensive review

Primary liver cancer (PLC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. However, traditional liver cancer models fail to replicate tumor heterogeneity and the tumor microenvironment, limiting the study and personalized treatment of liver cancer. To overcome these limitations, scientists have introduced three-dimensional (3D) culture models as an emerging research tool. These 3D models, utilizing biofabrication technologies such as 3D bioprinting and microfluidics, enable more accurate simulation of the in vivo tumor microenvironment, replicating cell morphology, tissue stiffness, and cell-cell interactions. Compared to traditional two-dimensional (2D) models, 3D culture models better mimic tumor heterogeneity, revealing differential sensitivity of tumor cell subpopulations to targeted therapies or immunotherapies. Additionally, these models can be used to assess the efficacy of potential treatments, providing guidance for personalized therapy. 3D liver cancer models hold significant value in tumor biology, understanding the mechanisms of disease progression, and drug screening. Researchers can gain deeper insights into the impact of the tumor microenvironment on tumor cells and their interactions with the surrounding milieu. Furthermore, these models allow for the evaluation of treatment responses, offering more accurate guidance for clinical interventions. In summary, 3D models provide a realistic and reliable tool for advancing PLC research. By simulating tumor heterogeneity and the microenvironment, these models contribute to a better understanding of the disease mechanisms and offer new strategies for personalized treatment. Therefore, 3D models hold promising prospects for future PLC research.
First record and a new synonymy of Poecilus beesoni (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from Iran

In order to accurately identify the Poecilus species (Fig. 1) of Iran with the label “Iran Khuzestan/lake Izeh/ 1-IV-2007/ Muilwijk leg. ”, the holotypes of P. beesoni (Andrewes, 1927) and P. affinissimus (Ali 1967) were studied. Both species have been originally described from Iraq based on single females. A male cotype of P. beesoni housed in the Natural History Museum, London, with the label “Basra/ 13-VI.1926/ Schmidt e. // H.E. Andrewes det. ” was studied as well. According to Ali (1966, 1967), P. affinissimus differs from P. beesoni in having three compressed basal antennomeres and weakly punctated pronotum. The second antennomere in P. beesoni is clearly less compressed than the third antennomere As shown in Figure 2, only the third antennomere is clearly compressed in P. affinissimus. The pronotal punctation in the both holotypes of P. affinissimus and P. beesoni are also identical. Therefore, I consider P. affinissimus as a junior synonym of P. beesoni. The species Poecilus beesoni has been collected from Izeh, a city in the Iranian province of Khuzestan and is newly recorded from Iran. This species was known from Iraq (Löbl & Smetana, 2003; Azadbakhsh & Nozari, 2015). The colouration and pronotal punctation of P. beesoni are the result of intraspecific variation. The Iranian specimens are slightly more bluish than specimens from Iraq. Most Iranian specimens shine greenalong lateral side of the pronotum. Colour in P. beesoni (as in more Poecilus species) is rather variant; for example the cotype of P. beesoni is more bluish than P. affinissimus. Punctation of basal fovea is always present. In some individuals the punctation of pronotum exceeds laterally to anterior side.
Performance Analysis of Drug Toxicity Prediction Using Machine Learning Approaches

Prediction of toxicity is a great challenge over the years. The development of a new drug or chemical compound is quite an expensive and complex process. Artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques give new insights into drug toxicity prediction. A quantitative structure-activity relationship has accomplished significant advancements in the field of toxicity prediction. This work presents a comparative analysis of nine machine-learning algorithms. The models applied are Gaussian Process, Linear Regression, Artificial Neural Network, SMO, Kstar, Bagging, Decision Tree, Random Forest, and Random Tree to predict toxicity. Feature selection algorithms in machine learning help to assign ranks to selected features depending upon the priorities and importance. This paper analyzes and identifies prominent features using feature selection analysis. The ranking is assigned to the features based on the weightage assigned. Ten folds of cross-validation are used to create a robust model. Our results provide the comparison of models and show the best prediction algorithms as Kstar, Random forest, and Bagging in terms of state of art parameters. Accuracy, coefficient of correlation, coefficient of determination, mean absolute error, and root mean squared error are evaluated to help build the optimized prediction model for toxicity prediction.
Institutional Variables Affecting Female Representation in National Legislatures: The Case of Norway

A controversy exists over whether district magnitude, the number of seats per district, has a positive effect on female representation. This study considers district magnitude's effect on female representation in Norway over a 40-year period. The data analysis finds that party magnitude, the size of a party's district delegation, is a more powerful explanatory factor than district magnitude. Party magnitude's effect appears to follow a cycle. Prior to demands for representation being raised, party magnitude has little effect. As women mobilize and representation demands are raised party magnitude plays a significant role, but once women are firmly entrenched as powerful players in party politics, party magnitude's effect decreases. This formulation is consistent with the Norwegian findings and also explains why previous cross-sectional research has produced inconsistent findings. In addition, the crucial role that candidate nomination processes play in explaining the high levels of representation found in Norway is described.
Development Review of Broadband and Multi-Band Outphasing Power Amplifiers for High-Efficiency Amplification

Outphasing power amplifiers (OPAs) can be used in wireless information and power transfer systems due to their excellent conversion efficiency. With the rapid advancement of technology, there is a strong demand for OPAs to achieve wideband and multi-band operations to enhance frequency coverage. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the research progress on the development of broadband and multi-band board-level OPAs. Firstly, the paper introduces the fundamental components of an OPA. Then, the paper delves into a detailed analysis of the load modulation of OPAs. Subsequently, previous works on the circuit topology and design methods for broadband and multi-band OPAs are discussed and compared. The paper highlights various design strategies and their respective advantages and disadvantages. Finally, the paper explores some potential design methods for broadband and multi-band OPAs, discussing emerging technologies and highlighting potential research directions.
Presence of anomalous crustal root beneath Saurashtra peninsula: Inference from gravity modeling

Bouguer anomaly map of Saurashtra is characterized by a large number of circular gravity high associated with known volcanic plugs of Deccan magmatism. It also depicts a large wavelength gravity low centered over Jasdan in central Saurastra which bears an inverse relation with the topography. This low has been interpreted due to mass deficiency resulting from thickening of crust caused by isostatic compensation. Deep seismic sounding (DSS) result along Navibander-Amreli profile clearly indicates variation of Moho depth from 35 Km towards the coast to 42 Km beneath the high lands. Assuming that the compensation is at Moho level, modeling of isostatic regional anomalies in terms of Moho variation along DSS profile has yielded a density contrast of - 0.15 g/cm 3 which is much less than the expected density contrast of - 0.40 g/cm 3 across the Moho in normal region. This feature points to (i) either the crustal root is anomalously dense (ii) or the upper mantle is anomalously light. DSS result has not indicated any anomalous velocity structure across the Moho. In the absence of conclusive evidence this issue can not be resolved. However, it may be argued that like Saurastra which had experienced extensive volcanism, an increase in crustal root density may be more plausible explanation for its thickening.
Familial Glucocorticoid Deficiency: the changing landscape of an eponymous syndrome

Familial Glucocorticoid Deficiency encompasses a broad spectrum of monogenic recessive disorders that theoretically solely abrogate cortisol biosynthesis. In reality, delineating clear genotype-phenotype correlations in this disorder is made complicated by marked phenotypic heterogeneity even within kindreds harbouring identical variants. Phenotypes range from isolated glucocorticoid insufficiency to cortisol deficiency plus a variety of superimposed features including salt-wasting and hypoaldosteronism, primary hypothyroidism, hypogonadism and growth defects. Furthermore, mutation type, domain topology and perceived enzyme activity do not always predict disease severity. Given the high burden of disease and implications of a positive diagnosis, genetic testing is crucial in the management of patients warranting detailed delineation of genomic variants including viable functional studies.
Spin effect on redox acceleration and regioselectivity in Fe-catalyzed alkyne hydrosilylation

ABSTRACT Iron catalysts are ideal transition metal catalysts because of the Earths abundant, cheap, biocompatible features of iron salts. Iron catalysts often have unique open-shell structures that easily undergo spin crossover in chemical transformations, a feature rarely found in noble metal catalysts. Unfortunately, little is known currently about how the open-shell structure and spin crossover affect the reactivity and selectivity of iron catalysts, which makes the development of iron catalysts a low efficient trial-and-error program. In this paper, a combination of experiments and theoretical calculations revealed that the iron-catalyzed hydrosilylation of alkynes is typical spin-crossover catalysis. Deep insight into the electronic structures of a set of well-defined open-shell active formal Fe(0) catalysts revealed that the spin-delocalization between the iron center and the 1,10-phenanthroline ligand effectively regulates the iron center's spin and oxidation state to meet the opposite electrostatic requirements of oxidative addition and reductive elimination, respectively, and the spin crossover is essential for this electron transfer process. The triplet transition state was essential for achieving high regioselectivity through tuning the nonbonding interactions. These findings provide an important reference for understanding the effect of catalyst spin state on reaction. It is inspiring for the development of iron catalysts and other Earth-abundant metal catalysts, especially from the point of view of ligand development.
ZIMOGRAFÍA DE ACTIVIDAD CALPAÍNA EN FUENTES CÁRNICAS COMO CRITERIO DE CALIDAD Calpain Activity Zymography from Meat Sources as Quality Criterion

La falta de terneza es un problema presente en la carne bovina de buena calidad. La terneza de la carne se da por mecanismos poco conocidos y se han propuestos factores como componentes individuales y caracteristicas de la especie, edad del animal, diferencias musculares, entre otros. Para un ablandamiento post mortem se deben romper las uniones de algunas proteinas estructurales por metodos fisicos o por accion enzimatica. Entre las principales enzimas endogenas que producen ablandamiento estan las calpainas. Las calpainas son cistein proteasas, encargadas de hidrolizar los enlaces peptidicos internos de las proteinas. Ellas pertenecen a una familia amplia de proteinas intracelulares citosolicas dependientes de calcio. El sistema calpaina (integrado por µ-calpaina, µ/m-calpaina, m-calpaina y la calpastatina, un inhibidor endogeno) es el principal responsable de la proteolisis post mortem . Con el objetivo de analizar y caracterizar bioquimicamente la actividad calpaina de fuentes carnicas de diversos animales para el consumo humano, se empleo la tecnica de zimografia para la deteccion de la actividad enzimatica en geles de poliacrilamida. Las muestras, provenientes de tres tipos de carne, fueron obtenidas de una carniceria y de un matadero (res) y de un criadero rural (pollo y cerdo) y se homogeneizaron por dos metodos distintos. Luego, se concentraron cinco veces y se cuantifico la cantidad de proteinas totales. Se determino la actividad proteolitica empleando caseina como sustrato y tirosina como patron. La actividad obtenida (en nmol·min) fue 0,78 para el homogenato de res; 0,34 para el de cerdo y 0,24 para el de pollo. Se realizo un analisis zimografico para evidenciar la actividad calpaina, donde se visualizaron bandas correspondientes a masas moleculares de ~70 kDa para res~67 y 65 kDa para pollo y ~68 kDa para cerdo, respectivamente, comprobandose la autoproteolisis de la subunidad catalitica (80 kDa) de la calpaina. El metodo empleado resulto ser eficiente para estudiar la actividad calpaina como posible bioindicador de terneza de carnes para consumo humano.
Single-shot Fourier ptychographic microscopy with isotropic lateral resolution via polarization-multiplexed LED illumination

Fourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM) has emerged as a new wide-field and high-resolution computational imaging technique in recent years. To ensure data redundancy for a stable convergence solution, conventional FPM requires dozens or hundreds of raw images, increasing the time cost for both data collection and computation. Here, we propose a single-shot Fourier ptychographic microscopy with isotropic lateral resolution via polarization-multiplexed LED illumination, termed SIFPM. Three LED elements covered with 0°/45°/135° polarization films, respectively, are used to provide numerical aperture-matched illumination for the sample simultaneously. Meanwhile, a polarization camera is utilized to record the light field distribution transmitted through the sample. Based on weak object transfer functions, we first obtain the amplitude and phase estimations of the sample by deconvolution, and then we use them as the initial guesses of the FPM algorithm to refine the accuracy of reconstruction. We validate the complex sample imaging performance of the proposed method on quantitative phase target, unstained and stained bio-samples. These results show that SIFPM can realize quantitative imaging for general samples with the resolution of the incoherent diffraction limit, permitting high-speed quantitative characterization for cells and tissues.
Robustness analysis of uncertain time‐varying systems with unknown initial conditions

This paper focuses on the robustness analysis of discrete‐time, linear time‐varying (LTV) systems subject to various uncertainties, such as static and dynamic, time‐invariant and time‐varying, linear perturbations, and unknown initial conditions. The proposed approach is based on integral quadratic constraint theory and allows for a potentially more accurate characterization of the set in which the initial state resides by imposing separate constraints on the initial values of the state variables as opposed to simply requiring the initial state to lie in some ellipsoid. The adopted problem formulation facilitates the analysis of uncertain LTV systems subject to disturbance inputs that are bounded pointwise in time, and the developed results enable determining useful pointwise bounds on the performance outputs given such inputs. The main analysis result is given for eventually periodic nominal systems, which include linear time‐invariant, finite horizon, and periodic systems as special cases. The analysis conditions are expressed as linear matrix inequalities. Two additional results stemming from the main analysis theorem are provided that can be used to determine overapproximated ellipsoidal reachable sets. Finally, the utility of the proposed approach is demonstrated in an illustrative example.
Construction of an Accounting Information Security Management System Based on Artificial Intelligence Algorithms

Carriers and information are complementary and closely related, and information can only be disseminated and utilized with the help of carriers. The networking of accounting information has led to the transition of the carrier of information from paper media to magnetic media, the high preservation requirements of magnetic media, and the dependence of this carrier information on the system increase the risk of document preservation. The purpose of this paper is to study the construction of an accounting information security management system based on artificial intelligence algorithms. The current situation of China’s network accounting information system is analysed based on network security and information security theory. Then the security problems in the network accounting information system and the causes of the problems are studied. And an improved AES encryption algorithm is proposed. This paper also tests the reading and writing of accounting information files to verify the feasibility of the system.
Precambrian coesite from northern Mali; first record and implications for plate tectonics in the trans-Saharan segment of the Pan-African belt

Coesite occurs as inclusions in omphacite in an impure marble from the Late Proterozoic internal nappes of the frontal part of the Pan-African belt in northern Mali. Possible pseudomorphs after coesite are also found in garnets from the surrounding eclogitic metasediments. These eclogitic micaschists show slightly overprinted mineral assemblages including kyanite, pyrope-rich garnet (Py 32-40 , Alm 41-52 , Gro 15-18 ), jadeite-rich clinopyroxene (Jd 48-68 ), phengite (Si 3.35-3.40 ) and rutile. Provisional estimates for the conditions of this metamorphism (T about 700-750°C and P above 27 kbar) suggest that large portions of the paleo-west-African plate were subducted to depths exceeding 90 km. The flat and thin eclogitic unit, surrounded by retrogressed micaschists, rests on low-grade greenschist-facies phyllites. It is proposed that this coesite-bearing unit was exhumed from depths along low-angle migrating thrusts, in the form of a fast extrusive slice pushed up above a low-angle sole thrust
Measurement Properties and Optimal Cutoff Point of the WHO-5 Among Chinese Healthcare Students

Purpose The World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5) is widely used to assess subjective well-being. Nevertheless, measurement invariance and optimal cutoff point of the WHO-5 have not been examined in Chinese samples. We aimed to assess measurement properties of the Chinese version of the WHO-5 (WHO-5-C) among healthcare students. Patients and Methods A two-wave longitudinal assessment was conducted among 343 Chinese healthcare students from September to November 2022. Measurement properties of the WHO-5-C were assessed through structural validity using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), measurement invariance using multigroup CFA (MGCFA) and longitudinal CFA (LCFA), convergent validity using correlation analysis with the Self-Rated Health Questionnaire (SRHQ) and Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), reliability using internal consistency and test–retest reliability, and optimal cutoff point using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results The WHO-5-C demonstrated satisfactory structural validity with comparative fit index (CFI) of 0.968 at baseline and 0.980 at follow-up, and adequate measurement invariance in different sociodemographic variables at baseline (gender, age, major, home location, being only child, monthly household income, part-time job, physical exercise, hobby, frequency of visiting home, and stress coping strategy) (CFI changes [ΔCFI] = −0.009–0.003) and over a week (ΔCFI = −0.006–0.000). The WHO-5-C also had good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.907–0.934; McDonald’s ω = 0.908–0.935) and test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.803). Convergent validity was supported by moderate correlations of the WHO-5-C with the SRHQ and PHQ-4. The optimal cutoff point of the WHO-5-C was found to be 50, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.882 at baseline data, with sensitivity of 0.803 and specificity of 0.762 at follow-up. Conclusion The WHO-5-C demonstrated adequate measurement properties, especially concerning cross-sectional and longitudinal measurement invariance, with a recommended optimal cutoff point of ≥ 50 for assessing adequate level of psychological well-being in healthcare students.
Trace Metal Impurities Effects on the Formation of [64Cu]Cu-diacetyl-bis(N4-methylthiosemicarbazone) ([64Cu]Cu-ATSM)

[64Cu]Cu-diacetyl-bis(N4-methylthiosemicarbazone) ([64Cu]Cu-ATSM) is a radioactive hypoxia-targeting therapeutic agent being investigated in clinical trials for malignant brain tumors. For the quality management of [64Cu]Cu-ATSM, understanding trace metal impurities’ effects on the chelate formation of 64Cu and ATSM is important. In this study, we conducted coordination chemistry studies on metal–ATSM complexes. First, the effects of nonradioactive metal ions (Cu2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, and Fe2+) on the formation of [64Cu]Cu-ATSM were evaluated. When the amount of Cu2+ or Ni2+ added was 1.2 mol or 288 mol, equivalent to ATSM, the labeling yield of [64Cu]Cu-ATSM fell below 90%. Little effect was observed even when excess amounts of Zn2+ or Fe2+ were added to the ATSM. Second, these metals were reacted with ATSM, and chelate formation was measured using ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectra. UV-Vis spectra showed a rapid formation of Cu2+ and the ATSM complex upon mixing. The rate of chelate formation by Ni2+ and ATSM was lower than that by Cu-ATSM. Zn2+ and Fe2+ showed much slower reactions with the ATSM than Ni2+. Trace amounts of Ni2+, Zn2+, and Fe2+ showed little effect on [64Cu]Cu-ATSM’ quality, while the concentration of impurity Cu2+ must be controlled. These results can provide process management tools for radiopharmaceuticals.