Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE GROWTH OF GALAXY STELLAR MASS WITHIN DARK MATTER HALOS

We study the evolution of stellar mass in galaxies as a function of host halo mass, using the “MPA” and “Durham” semi-analytic models, implemented on the Millennium Run simulation. For both models, the stellar mass of the central galaxies increases rapidly with halo mass at the low-mass end and more slowly in halos of larger masses at the three redshifts probed (z ∼ 0, 1, 2). About 45% of the stellar mass in central galaxies in present-day halos less massive than ∼1012 h−1 M☉ is already in place at z ∼ 1, and this fraction increases to ∼65% for more massive halos. The baryon conversion efficiency into stars has a peaked distribution with halo mass, and the peak location shifts toward lower mass from z ∼ 1 to z ∼ 0. The stellar mass in low-mass halos grows mostly by star formation since z ∼ 1, while in high-mass halos most of the stellar mass is assembled by mergers, reminiscent of “downsizing. ” We compare our findings to empirical results from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and DEEP2 surveys utilizing galaxy clustering measurements to study galaxy evolution. The theoretical predictions are in qualitative agreement with these phenomenological results, but there are large discrepancies. The most significant one concerns the number of stars already in place in the progenitor galaxies at z ∼ 1, which is about a factor of two larger in both semi-analytic models. We demonstrate that methods studying galaxy evolution from the galaxy–halo connection are powerful in constraining theoretical models and can guide future efforts of modeling galaxy evolution. Conversely, semi-analytic models serve an important role in improving such methods.
Universal quantum computation using the discrete-time quantum walk

A proof that continuous-time quantum walks are universal for quantum computation, using unweighted graphs of low degree, has recently been presented by A. M. Childs [Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 180501 (2009)]. We present a version based instead on the discrete-time quantum walk. We show that the discrete-time quantum walk is able to implement the same universal gate set and thus both discrete and continuous-time quantum walks are computational primitives. Additionally, we give a set of components on which the discrete-time quantum walk provides perfect state transfer.
Assessing Smoking Habits, Attitudes, Knowledge, and Needs among University Students at the University of Milan, Italy

Background: College campuses and universities are valuable settings for smoking prevention programs targeting young adults. Aim: To investigate smoking habits, electronic cigarette (e-cig) and heated tobacco product (HTP) use, exposure to passive smoke, compliance with smoking bans on campus, attitudes toward the anti-smoking policies, and educational needs among students at the University of Milan, Italy. Methods: A validated questionnaire was web-submitted to 64,801 students in the period May–July 2021. For each item, the frequency was calculated and χ2 test with Bonferroni correction was used to compare differences among the 10 faculties of the University. Results: 7162 students participated in the survey, while 6605 questionnaires were included in this report (62% female, 84% aged 18–25 years). Sixty-four percent of participants were never smokers, 19% were smokers, 2.8% were e-cig or HTP users, 3.7% were dual smokers, 10% were former smokers, and 66% reported routinely spending free time with smokers. Almost all students were aware of the dangers of active and passive smoking of cigarettes, while about 20% did not have an opinion on the dangers of e-cigs/HTPs. Only 49% were aware of the smoking ban in the outdoor areas of the university. Students from the faculties of Law and Political, Economic, and Social Sciences smoked more frequently and were more frequently exposed to passive smoke than other students. Medicine students were the most aware of the dangers of passive smoking and using e-cigs/HTPs. Conclusions: This is the first study in Italy involving the entire student population of a university and highlighting differences among faculties in terms of active and passive smoking and opinions. The results suggest that prevention campaigns addressed to students should consider their specific study curricula and give information tailored to the different educational needs to efficiently support health promotion.
Potential live feeds for larval fish culture in Ethiopia

The artificial propagation of commercially important fish species in Ethiopia is constrained by high mortality rate at the early stage of larval rearing and a subsequent poor growth performance during later stages. This is mainly due to absence of live feeds suited to the requirements of the larvae of the species. Although not organized, several studies have indicated that microalgae, copepods, cladocerans and rotifers are the dominant inhabitants in several water bodies that are the precursors in the larviculture of commercially important finfishes in the world. However, apart from studying the abundance and diversity of these important planktonic organisms, efforts made to culture any of them for use in the larviculture of commercially important fish species in Ethiopia is minimal. This may be due to the lack of comprehensive and organized information on the distribution and abundance of these important species in the context of their potential in aquaculture of live feeds in Ethiopia. The objective of this review is therefore to compile the available information on the abundance and distribution of the major potential live feed organisms in the Ethiopian water bodies with a special emphasis on freshwater live feed organisms currently used in larviculture of commercially important freshwater finfishes. In line with this, four potential live feeds (i.e. microalgae, rotifers, copepods and cladocerans) were included in the review. It is hoped that the review will provide baseline information for future research in the culture of economically important larval live feeds.
Time dependence of accretion flow with a toroidal magnetic field

In this paper, we investigate the time evolution of quasi-spherical polytropic accretion flow with a toroidal magnetic field. We focus in particular on the astrophysically important case in which the adiabatic exponent y = 5/3. In this scenario, we have assumed that the angular momentum transport is a result of viscous turbulence and we have used the α-prescription for the kinematic coefficient of viscosity. The equations of accretion flow are solved in a simplified one-dimensional model that neglects the latitudinal dependence of the flow. In order to solve the integrated equations that govern the dynamical behaviour of the accretion flow, we have used a self-similar solution. The solution provides some insight into the dynamics of quasi-spherical accretion flow and avoids many of the strictures of the steady self-similar solution. The effect of the toroidal magnetic field is considered with an additional variable β[= ρ mag /ρ gas ], where ρ mag and /? gas are the magnetic pressure and gas pressure, respectively. The solution indicates a transonic point in the accretion flow, that this point approaches the central object by adding the strength of the magnetic field. Also, by adding the strength of the magnetic field, the radial thickness of the disc decreases and the disc compresses. We indicate analytically that the radial velocity is only a function of Alfven velocity. The model implies that the flow has differential rotation and is sub-Keplerian at all radii.
Easy Holography

It is argued that the role of infinite dimensional asymptotic symmetry groups in gravity theories are essential for a holographic description of gravity and possibly to a resolution of the black hole information paradox. I present a simple toy model in two dimensional hyperbolic/ anti-de Sitter (AdS) space and describe, by very elementary considerations, how the asymptotic symmetry group is responsible for the entropy area law. Similar results apply also in three dimensional AdS space. The failure of the approach in higher dimensional AdS spaces is explained and resolved by considering other asymptotically noncompact homogeneous spaces.
THE SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF THE NEPTUNE TROJANS AND THE MISSING INTERMEDIATE-SIZED PLANETESIMALS

We present an ultra-deep survey for Neptune Trojans using the Subaru 8.2 m and Magellan 6.5 m telescopes. The survey reached a 50% detection efficiency in the R band at mR = 25.7 mag and covered 49 deg2 of sky. mR = 25.7 mag corresponds to Neptune Trojans that are about 16 km in radius (assuming an albedo of 0.05). A paucity of smaller Neptune Trojans (radii < 45 km) compared with larger ones was found. The brightest Neptune Trojans appear to follow a steep power-law slope (q = 5 ± 1) similar to the brightest objects in the other known stable reservoirs such as the Kuiper Belt, Jupiter Trojans, and main belt asteroids. We find a roll-over for the Neptune Trojans that occurs around a radius of r = 45 ± 10 km (mR = 23.5 ± 0.3), which is also very similar to the other stable reservoirs. All the observed stable regions in the solar system show evidence for Missing Intermediate-Sized Planetesimals (MISPs). This indicates a primordial and not collisional origin, which suggests that planetesimal formation proceeded directly from small to large objects. The scarcity of intermediate- and smaller-sized Neptune Trojans may limit them as being a strong source for the short period comets.
Regional water footprint assessment for a semi-arid basin in India

Water footprint assessment enables us to pinpoint the impacts and limitations of the current systems. Identifying vulnerabilities across various regions and times helps us prepare for suitable actions for improving water productivity and promoting sustainable water use. This study aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the sector-wise water footprint in the Banas River Basin from 2008–2020. The water footprint of the Banas River Basin was estimated as 20.2 billion cubic meters (BCM)/year from all sectors. The water footprint has increased over the year with the increase in population, the number of industries, and crop production demand. The average annual water footprint of crop production varied from 11.4–23.1 BCM/year (mean 19.3 BCM/year) during the study period. Results indicate that the water footprint has nearly doubled in the past decade. Wheat, bajra, maize, and rapeseed & mustard make up 67.4% of crop production’s total average annual water footprint. Suitable measures should be implemented in the basin to improve water productivity and promote sustainable water use in agriculture, which accounts for nearly 95.5% of the total water footprint (WF) of the Banas basin. The outcomes of the study provide a reference point for further research and planning of appropriate actions to combat water scarcity challenges in the Banas basin.
LACK OF ANGULAR CORRELATION AND ODD-PARITY PREFERENCE IN COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND DATA

We have investigated the angular correlation in the recent cosmic microwave background data. In addition to the known large-angle correlation anomaly, we find the lack of correlation at small angles with high statistical significance. We have investigated various non-cosmological contamination as well as the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) team's simulated data. However, we have not found a definite cause. In the angular power spectrum of WMAP data, there exists anomalous odd-parity preference at low multipoles. Noting the equivalence between the power spectrum and the correlation, we have investigated the association between the lack of large-angle correlation and the odd-parity preference. From our investigation, we find that the odd-parity preference at low multipoles is, in fact, a phenomenological origin of the lack of large-angle correlation. Further investigation is required to find out whether the origin of the anomaly is cosmological or due to unaccounted systematics. The data from the Planck surveyor, which has systematics distinct from WMAP, will greatly help us to resolve its origin.
Axisymmetric equilibrium models for magnetized neutron stars in General Relativity under the Conformally Flat Condition

Extremely magnetized neutron stars with magnetic fields as strong as $\sim 10^{15-16}$ G, or magnetars, have received considerable attention in the last decade due to their identification as a plausible source for Soft Gamma Repeaters and Anomalous X-ray Pulsars. Moreover, this class of compact objects has been proposed as a possible engine capable of powering both Long and Short Gamma-Ray Bursts, if the rotation period in their formation stage is short enough (~1 ms). Such strong fields are expected to induce substantial deformations of the star and thus to produce the emission of gravitational waves. Here we investigate, by means of numerical modeling, axisymmetric static equilibria of polytropic and strongly magnetized stars in full general relativity, within the ideal magneto-hydrodynamic regime. The eXtended Conformally Flat Condition (XCFC) for the metric is assumed, allowing us to employ the techniques introduced for the X-ECHO code [Bucciantini & Del Zanna, 2011, Astron. Astrophys. 528, A101], proven to be accurate, efficient, and stable. The updated XNS code for magnetized neutron star equilibria is made publicly available for the community (see www.arcetri.astro.it/science/ahead/XNS). Several sequences of models are here retrieved, from the purely toroidal (resolving a controversy in the literature) or poloidal cases, to the so-called twisted torus mixed configurations, expected to be dynamically stable, which are solved for the first time in the non-perturbative regime.
Unification of dynamical determination and bare minimal phenomenological constraints in no-scale F - SU(5)

We revisit the construction of the viable parameter space of No-Scale F - SU(5), a model built on the F-lipped SU(5) x U(1)(X) gauge group, supplemented by a pair of F-theory derived vectorlike multiplets at the TeV scale, and the dynamically established boundary conditions of No-Scale Supergravity. Employing an updated numerical algorithm and a substantially upgraded computational engine, we significantly enhance the scope, detail and accuracy of our prior study. We sequentially apply a set of "bare-minimal'' phenomenological constraints, consisting of i) the dynamically established boundary conditions of No-Scale Supergravity, ii) consistent radiative electroweak symmetry breaking, iii) precision LEP constraints on the light supersymmetric mass content, iv) the world average top-quark mass, and v) a light neutralino satisfying the 7-year WMAP cold dark-matter relic density measurement. The overlap of the viable parameter space with key rare-process limits on the branching ratio for b -> s gamma and the muon anomalous magnetic moment is identified as the "golden strip'' of F - SU(5). A cross check for top-down theoretical consistency is provided by application of the "Super No-Scale'' condition, which dynamically selects a pair of undetermined model parameters in a manner that is virtually identical to the corresponding phenomenological (driven primarily by the relic density) selection. The predicted vectorlike particles are candidates for production at the future LHC, which is furthermore sensitive to a distinctive signal of ultrahigh multiplicity hadronic jets. The lightest CP-even Higgs boson mass is predicted to be 120(-1)(+3.5):GeV, with an additional 3-4 GeV upward shift possible from radiative loops in the vectorlike multiplets. The predominantly bino flavored lightest neutralino is suitable for direct detection by the Xenon collaboration.
GALACTIC CEPHEIDS WITH SPITZER. II. SEARCH FOR EXTENDED INFRARED EMISSION

A deep and detailed examination of 29 classical Cepheids with the Spitzer Space Telescope has revealed three stars with strong nearby extended emission detected in multiple bands which appears to be physically associated with the stars. RS Pup was already known to possess extended infrared emission, while the extended emission around the other two stars (S Mus and δ Cep) is newly discovered in our observations. Four other stars (GH Lup, ℓ Car, T Mon, and X Cyg) show tentative evidence for extended infrared emission. An unusual elongated extended object next to SZ Tau appears to be a background or foreground object in a chance alignment with the Cepheid. The inferred mass-loss rate upper limits for S Mus and δ Cep are in the range from 10−9 to 10−8 M☉ yr−1, with the upper limit for RS Pup as high as 10−6 M☉ yr−1. Mass loss during post-main-sequence evolution has been proposed as a resolution to the discrepancy between pulsational and dynamical masses of Cepheid variable stars: dust in the lost material would make itself known by the presence of an infrared bright nebula or unresolved infrared excess. The observed frequency of infrared circumstellar emission (<24%) and the mass-loss rate we estimate for our sources show that dusty mass loss can only account for part of the Cepheid mass-loss discrepancy. Nevertheless, our direct evidence that mass loss is active during the Cepheid phase is an important confirmation that these processes need to be included in evolutionary and pulsation models of these stars and should be taken into account in the calibration of the Cepheid distance scale.
A Bibliometric Analysis of Platelet-Rich Fibrin in Dentistry

Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), a second-generation platelet concentrate, has been widely recognized in numerous studies for its performance of wound healing and regeneration in dentistry. However, bibliometric analysis of PRF in dentistry is still scarce. Thus, this study aimed to conduct and delineate a bibliometric analysis of the application of PRF and its changing trend in dentistry. All papers concerning PRF up to 30 June 2022 were included in the literature search from the Web of Science Core Collection database. These data were then entered into Microsoft Excel, analyzed by the SAS statistical software, and visualized by the VOSviewer software. A total of 562 articles were retrieved following the exclusive criteria. The results demonstrated that the trend of annual publication increased continually (p for trend < 0.01), more notably in the last five years. The majority of the articles were original (58.01%), followed by reviews (17.08%), and case reports (10.14%). The three major study designs were clinical studies (20.11%), randomized controlled trials (17.62%), and review/meta-analysis (17.08%). PRF was most frequently employed in oral surgery (31.14%), periodontal regeneration (22.42%), and implant therapy (18.68%). Turkey (16.19%), India (12.28%) and China (7.12%) were the top 3 countries publishing PRF studies. By comparing the total number of publications, total citation counts and varying counting methods, a combination of numerous counting methods was suggested for use since each counting method yields different results. Taken together, we hope with these informative findings, researchers could focus on the future direction or advancement in PRF, laying a foundation for evidence-based dentistry.
Time-optimal bath-induced unitaries by Zermelo navigation: speed limit and non-Markovian quantum computation

The solution of the quantum Zermelo navigation problem is applied to the non-Markovian open system dynamics of a set of quantum systems interacting with a common environment. We consider a case allowing an exact time-optimal realization of environment-mediated non-local system unitaries. For a linear coupling to a harmonic bosonic bath, we derive a speed limit for the implementation time in terms of the fundamental frequency of the bath modes. As a product of two exponentials of the local free wind and the pairwise system-coupling, the Zermelo unitary forms a natural building block for reaching a general unitary by concatenation.
The Thermonuclear Runaway and the Classical Nova Outburst

Nova explosions occur on the white dwarf component of a cataclysmic variable binary stellar system that is accreting matter lost by its companion. When sufficient material has been accreted by the white dwarf, a thermonuclear runaway occurs and ejects material in what is observed as a classical nova explosion. We describe both the recent advances in our understanding of the progress of the outburst and outline some of the puzzles that are still outstanding. We report on the effects of improving both the nuclear reaction rate library and including a modern nuclear reaction network in our one-dimensional, fully implicit, hydrodynamic computer code. In addition, there has been progress in observational studies of supernovae Ia with implications about the progenitors, and we discuss that in this review.
KIC 3858884: a hybrid δ Scuti pulsator in a highly eccentric eclipsing binary

The analysis of eclipsing binaries containing non-radial pulsators allows: i) to combine two different and independent sources of information on the internal structure and evolutionary sta tus of the components, and ii) to study the effects of tidal forces on pulsations. KIC 3858884 is a bright Kepler target whose light curve shows deep eclipses, complex pulsation patterns with pulsation frequencies typical ofδ Sct, and a highly eccentric orbit. We present the result of th e analysis of Kepler photometry and of high resolution phaseresolved spectroscopy. Spectroscopy yielded both the radial velocity curves and, after spectral disentangling, the p rimary component effective temperature and metallicity, and line-of-sight pro jected rotational velocities. The Kepler light curve was analyzed with an iterative procedure devised to disentangle eclipses fro m pulsations which takes into account the visibility of the pulsating star during eclipses. The search for the best set of binary parameters was performed combining the synthetic light curve models with a genetic minimization algorithm, which yielded a robust and accurate determination of the system parameters. The binary components have very similar masses (1.88 and 1.86 M⊙) and effective temperatures (6800 and 6600 K), but different radii (3.45 and 3.05 R⊙). The comparison with the theoretical models evidenced a somewhat different evolutionary status of the components and the need of introducing overshooting in the models. The pulsation analysis indicates a hybrid nature of the pulsating (secondary) component, the corresponding high order g-modes might be excited by an intrinsic mechanism or by tidal forces.