Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
WNT stimulation induces dynamic conformational changes in the Frizzled-Dishevelled interaction

Frizzleds (FZDs) are G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) that bind to WNT family ligands. FZDs signal through multiple effector proteins, including Dishevelled (DVL), which acts as a hub for several downstream signaling pathways. To understand how WNT binding to FZD stimulates intracellular signaling and influences downstream pathway selectivity, we investigated the dynamic changes in the FZD5-DVL2 interaction elicited by WNT-3A and WNT-5A. Ligand-induced changes in bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) between FZD5 and DVL2 or the isolated FZD-binding DEP domain of DVL2 revealed a composite response consisting of both DVL2 recruitment and conformational dynamics in the FZD5-DVL2 complex. The combination of different BRET paradigms enabled us to identify ligand-dependent conformational dynamics in the FZD5-DVL2 complex and distinguish them from ligand-induced recruitment of DVL2 or DEP to FZD5. The observed agonist-induced conformational changes at the receptor-transducer interface suggest that extracellular agonist and intracellular transducers cooperate through transmembrane allosteric interaction with FZDs in a ternary complex reminiscent of that of classical GPCRs. Description WNT binding triggers rearrangements in a receptor-effector complex that may affect downstream signaling. WNT bends FZD-DVL complexes The binding of WNTs to G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) of the FZD family drives the oligomerization of the intracellular protein DVL at the receptor complex. Although the activation of G proteins to GPCRs depends on ligand-induced conformational changes in the receptors, WNT-induced conformational changes in FZD have not been thought to contribute substantially to DVL-mediated signaling because FZD and DVL can interact in the absence of WNT. Using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) assays, Bowin et al. confirmed that FZD5 associated with DVL2 or the isolated DEP domain of DVL2 in the absence of WNT and showed that WNT stimulation promoted changes in the conformation of FZD5-DVL2 and FZD5-DEP complexes. These findings suggest that ligand-induced conformational changes in FZD may influence whether downstream signaling proceeds through DVL or G proteins. —AMV
Design of wide-field Nasmyth optical system for a submillimeter camera

Abstract. A wide-field Nasmyth optical system that connects a planned 10-m Ritchey-Chrétien telescope to a submillimeter camera is reported. This diffraction-limited system has a 1-deg field of view at 850 GHz, filled with a more than 20,000-pixel camera. The system enables us to carry out large field surveys of distant galaxies within reasonable time scales. The size of the Nasmyth optics is reasonably compact and its cryogenic part including the vacuum window, cryogenic lens, and IR block filters can be built using existing technologies at a reasonable cost. This type of optical system can be applied for the optical design of millimeter, terahertz, and other submillimeter instruments.
Effect of vehicle speed on pantograph arc discharge for high speed EMU

Due to extremely high vehicle speed of high speed EMU,arc discharge is generated by vibrations between pantograph and contact line.Consequently,electromagnetic harassment comes out.The electromagnetic harassment must be studied in order to propose a basis which further evaluate the affects of such harassment on safety of high speed EMU.In this paper,firstly,relationship among vehicle speed versus pantograph off-line probability,pantograph contact force and contact line dynamic uplift is built up via pantograph system vibration equation.Then pantograph arc discharge model is established,and simulations are carried out.Finally,analysis under different speed conditions are presented,in view of trends frequency and magnitude of electromagnetic harassment caused by pantograph arc discharge.
The Acquisition of the Dutch Plural

De ‘Words-and-Rules’ theorie (Pinker & Prince 1991, Clahsen, Rothweiler, Wost & Marcus 1992, Pinker 1999) is in de jaren negentig ontwikkeld in een poging om een adequaat onderscheid te maken tussen regelmatige (‘productieve’) en onregelmatige (‘improductieve’) talige processen. De theorie richt zich met name op inflectie, wat traditioneel een centrale rol speelt in discussies over het genoemde onderscheid. De belangrijkste claims van de theorie, die als universalia beschouwd kunnen worden, zijn dat onregelmatige vormen opgeslagen liggen in het mentaal lexicon en dat regelmatige vormen het resultaat zijn van een regel die per ‘default’ een affix aan de stam plakt wanneer er geen geinflecteerde vorm in het mentaal lexicon gevonden wordt. Deze claims zijn vooral gebaseerd op onderzoek naar meervouds- en verleden tijdsinflectie in het Engels en Duits. Data uit deze talen suggereren dat er een default is. Alle niet-opgeslagen meervouden in het Engels bijvoorbeeld krijgen een vorm van het affix –s, al of niet fonologisch gewijzigd, als in cat-[s] ‘katten’, dog-[z] ‘honden’ en bus-[Ez] ‘bussen’. Het Nederlandse meervoud kent twee affixen, -en en -s, die beide productief zijn. Beide affixen komen voor in contexten die typisch zijn voor defaultgebruik: nieuwe woorden (kepsen, flonkers), leenwoorden (liften, ciabatta’s), acroniemen (HATten, PABO’s) en namen (de Van Wijken, de Kuipers). Het idee om naar de verwerving van het Nederlands meervoud te kijken, vloeit voort uit de gedachte dat de claim van de ‘Words-and-Rules’ theorie dat er slechts een default is universeel is. Als dit correct is zouden kinderen die het Nederlands meervoud verwerven, ongeacht de input die ze krijgen, op zoek moeten gaan naar een default. In deze dissertatie wordt de ‘Words-and-Rules’ theorie getest met behulp van Nederlandse verwervingsdata. De resultaten laten zien dat de aanname van een unieke default niet door taalverwerving wordt ondersteund. Dat zal leiden tot een voorstel tot aanpassing van de theorie, zodat deze de begrippen ‘default’, ‘regelmatig’ en ‘overgeneralisatie’ beter invult.
Magnetic Interactions in Co3O4

Co3O4 is a normal spinel with only A-A interactions which becomes antiferromagnetic at TN ≈ 40 K. The exchange integrals between one ion and its first and second neighbours are derived from the second moment of energy distributions of neutrons scattered by a polycrystalline sample in its paramagnetic state (155 K) and from a Green's function analysis of TN. The result, J1/kB = −(7.27 ± 0.25) K and |J2|/kB < 0.3 K, indicates that the interaction with the nearest neighbours is by far dominant. Co3O4 est un spinelle normal dans lequel les interactions magnetiques s'exercent seulement entre des ions situes sur le sous-reseau A; il devient antiferromagnetique a une temperature d'environ 40 K. Les valeurs des integrales d'echange entre un ion et ses premiers et seconds voisins ont ete obtenues du deuxieme moment de la distribution energetique des neutrons diffuses par un echantillon polycristallin a une temperature de 155 K et d'une analyse theorique de TN au moyen du formalisme des fonctions de Green. Le resultat, J1/kB = − (7,27 ± 0,25) K et |J2|/kB < 0,3 K, indique que les interactions entre les plus proches voisins sont de loin predominantes.
Wide-gamut structural colours on oakblue butterflies by naturally tuned photonic nanoarchitectures

The iridescent structural colours of butterflies, generated by photonic nanoarchitectures, often function as species-specific sexual signals; therefore, they are reproduced precisely from generation to generation. The wing scales of oakblue hairstreak butterflies (genus Arhopala, Theclinae, Lycaenidae, Lepidoptera) contain multi-layer photonic nanoarchitectures, which can generate a wide range of structural colours, from violet to green. By scanning (SEM) and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigation, the colour tuning mechanism of the cover scales was explored. We revealed that the characteristic size change of structural elements in similar photonic nanoarchitectures led to different structural colours that were examined by various reflectance spectrophotometry techniques. The measured structural properties of the naturally tuned photonic nanoarchitectures were used to calculate wing reflectances, which were compared with the measurement results. We found that the simulated structural colours were systematically redshifted by 95–126 nm as compared with the measured normal-incidence reflectance results. This is attributed to the swelling of the chitinous multi-layer structures during the standard TEM sample preparation and the tilt of the cover scales, which both affect the apparent layer thicknesses in the TEM cross-sections. We proposed a simulation correction and compared the results with the layer thicknesses measured on cryogenically prepared non-embedded SEM cross-sections.
Retinal self-organization: a model of retinal ganglion cells and starburst amacrine cells mosaic formation

Individual retinal cell types exhibit semi-regular spatial patterns called retinal mosaics. Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and starburst amacrine cells (SACs) are known to exhibit such layouts. Mechanisms responsible for the formation of mosaics are not well understood but follow three main principles: (i) homotypic cells prevent nearby cells from adopting the same type, (ii) cell tangential migration and (iii) cell death. Alongside experiments in mouse, we use BioDynaMo, an agent-based simulation framework, to build a detailed and mechanistic model of mosaic formation. We investigate the implications of the three theories for RGC's mosaic formation. We report that the cell migration mechanism yields the most regular mosaics. In addition, we propose that low-density RGC type mosaics exhibit on average low regularities, and thus we question the relevance of regular spacing as a criterion for a group of RGCs to form a RGC type. We investigate SAC mosaics formation and interactions between the ganglion cell layer (GCL) and inner nuclear layer (INL) populations. We propose that homotypic interactions between the GCL and INL populations during mosaics creation are required to reproduce the observed SAC mosaics' characteristics. This suggests that the GCL and INL populations of SACs might not be independent during retinal development.
Approach to stabilisation of continuous-time switched positive systems

The problems of stability and stabilisation for continuous-time switched positive linear systems (SPLSs) under arbitrary switching are investigated in this study. A common quadratic copositive Lyapunov function (CQCLF) is first proposed for stability analysis of SPLSs. It is shown that the proposed Lyapunov function for a given SPLS is less conservative than a traditional common vector-parameterised copositive Lyapunov function. Then, sufficient conditions for the existence of CQCLF that guarantees the stability of SPLSs under arbitrary switching are derived. Based on the new stability conditions, a numerical design method of state-feedback controllers is also given to stabilise the underlying system. Finally, a numerical example is given to demonstrate the advantages of the obtained theoretical findings.
∗Application of BP Neural Network Model in Surface Water Quality Evaluation

According to the "national surface water monitoring and evaluation scheme for the 14th Five-Year plan" issued by the Ministry of ecological environment of the people's Republic of China, this study constructs a back propagation (BP) neural network model for comprehensive water quality evaluation with five indexes of pH value, dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, permanganate index and total phosphorus as input characteristic parameters. Some historical monitoring data in 2021 provided by Nanchong surface water monitoring station are randomly selected for water quality classification test. The experimental results show that the comprehensive evaluation method of water quality based on BP neural network proposed in this study is more reasonable than the classification result of water quality grade obtained by single factor evaluation method.
Supernova remnants and pulsar wind nebulae with Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs)

The observation of very-high-energy (VHE, E > 100 GeV) gamma rays is an excellent tool to study the most energetic and violent environments in the Galaxy. This energy range is only accessible with ground-based instruments such as Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs) that reconstruct the energy and direction of the primary gamma ray by observing the Cherenkov light from the induced extended air showers in Earths atmosphere. The main goals of Galactic VHE gamma-ray science are the identification of individual sources of cosmic rays (CRs), such as supernova remnants (SNRs), and the study of other extreme astrophysical objects at the highest energies, such as gamma-ray binaries and pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe). One of the main challenges is the discrimination between leptonic and hadronic gamma-ray production channels. To that end, the gamma-ray signal from each individual source needs to be brought into context with the multi-wavelength environment of the astrophysical object in question, particularly with observations tracing the density of the surrounding interstellar medium, or synchrotron radiation from relativistic electrons. In this review presented at the European Cosmic Ray Symposium 2014 (ECRS2014), the most recent developments in the field of Galactic VHE gamma-ray science are highlighted, with particular emphasis on SNRs and PWNe.
Survey of the enniatins and beauvericin in raw and UHT cow’s milk in Poland

Abstract Introduction The enniatins A, A1, B and B1 (ENNs) and beauvericin (BEA) are structurally related compounds produced by Fusarium species. They occur as contaminants in cereals, such as wheat, barley and maize. They are called “emerging mycotoxins”, because they have been reported in feed and food and their toxic effects are not fully known. Data on their levels in food (especially in milk) are limited. The study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of ENNs and BEA in milk. Material and Methods A total of 103 bovine milk samples (76 of raw milk and 27 of UHT milk) were collected from different parts of Poland and analysed using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Results Among the 76 raw milk samples, 31 (41%) and 15 (20%) samples were contaminated with ENN B and with BEA, respectively. No contamination with other enniatins was found. The highest concentration of BEA was found in raw milk and was 6.17 μg kg–1. Out of the 27 samples of UHT milk, 16 (59%) were contaminated with ENN B at concentrations ranging from 0.157 μg kg–1 to 0.587 μg kg–1 (limit of quantification (LOQ) 0.098 μg kg–1). Beauvericin was detected in 9 UHT milk samples (33%) at concentrations ranging from 0.101 μg kg–1 to 1.934 μg kg–1 (LOQ 0.095 μg kg–1). Conclusion This study demonstrated constant but low milk contamination in Poland with ENN B and BEA. The analysis of milk samples revealed that the emerging mycotoxins ENN B and BEA were measured in trace amounts. It does not suggest any immediate risk to milk consumers; however, it is unknown whether long-term exposure to low levels of toxins may be harmful.
MONITORING CONSTANCY OF VARIANCE IN CONDITIONALLY HETEROSKEDASTIC TIME SERIES

We propose several methods of on-line detection of a change in unconditional variance in a conditionally heteroskedastic time series. We follow the paradigm of Chu, Stinchcombe, and White (1996, Econometrica 64, 1045–1065) in which the first m observations are assumed to follow a stationary process and the monitoring scheme has asymptotically controlled probability of falsely rejecting the null hypothesis of no change. Our theory is applicable to broad classes of GARCH-type time series and relies on a strong invariance principle that holds for the squares of observations generated by such models. Practical implementation of the procedures, which uses a bandwidth selection procedure of Andrews (1991, Econometrica 59, 817–858), is proposed, and the performance of the methods is investigated by a simulation study.This research was partially supported by NSF grants INT-0223262 and DMS-0413653 and NATO grant PST.EAP. CLG 980599.
Novel machine learning model for predicting multiple unplanned hospitalisations

Background In the Australian public healthcare system, hospitals are funded based on the number of inpatient discharges and types of conditions treated (casemix). Demand for services is increasing faster than public funding and there is a need to identify and support patients that have high service usage. In 2016, the Victorian Department of Health and Human Services developed an algorithm to predict multiple unplanned admissions as part of a programme, Health Links Chronic Care (HLCC), that provided capitation funding instead of activity based funding to support patients with high admissions. Objectives The aim of this study was to determine whether an algorithm with higher performance than previously used algorithms could be developed to identify patients at high risk of three or more unplanned hospital admissions 12 months from discharge. Methods The HLCC and Hospital Unplanned Readmission Tool (HURT) models were evaluated using 34 801 unplanned inpatient episodes (27 216 patients) from 2017 to 2018 with an 8.3% prevalence of 3 or more unplanned admissions in the following year of discharge. Results HURT had a higher AUROC (84%, 95% CI 83.4% to 84.9% vs 71%, 95% CI 69.4% to 71.8%) than HLCC, that was statistically significant using Delong test at p<0.05. Discussion We found features that appear to be strong predictors of admission risk that have not been previously used in models, including socioeconomic status and social support. Conclusion The high AUROC, moderate sensitivity and high specificity for the HURT algorithm suggests it is a very good predictor of future multi-admission risk and that it can be used to provide targeted support for at-risk individual.
Investigating the effect of early life antibiotic use on asthma and allergy risk in over 600 000 Canadian children: a protocol for a retrospective cohort study in British Columbia and Manitoba

Introduction Allergic conditions, such as asthma, hay fever and eczema, are some of the most common conditions impacting children globally. There is a strong incentive to study their determinants to improve their prevention. Asthma, hay fever and eczema are influenced through the same immunological pathway and often copresent in children (‘the atopic march’). Increasing evidence shows a link between infant antibiotic use and the risk of childhood atopic conditions, mediated through gut microbial dysbiosis during immune system maturation, however, the potential for confounding remains. This study will investigate the relationship between infant antibiotic use and risk of allergic conditions in British Columbian and Manitoban children born over 10 years, adjusting for relevant confounders. Methods and analysis Provincial administrative datasets will be linked to perform comparable retrospective cohort analyses, using Population Data BC and the Manitoba Population Research Data Repository. All infants born between 2001 and 2011 in BC and Manitoba will be included (approximately 460 000 and 162 500 infants, respectively), following up to age 7. Multivariable logistic regression will determine the outcome risk by the fifth birthday among children who did and did not receive antibiotics before their first birthday. Clinical, demographic and environmental covariates will be explored, and sensitivity analyses performed to reduce confounding by indication. Ethics and dissemination The University of British Columbia Research Ethics Board (H19-03255) and University of Manitoba Ethics Board (HS25156 (H2021:328)) have approved this study. Data stewardship committees for all administrative datasets have granted permissions, facilitated by Population Data BC and the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy. Permissions from the Canadian Health Infant Longitudinal Development Study are being sought for breastfeeding data (CP185). Findings will be published in scientific journals and presented at infectious disease and respiratory health conferences. A stakeholder committee will guide and enhance sensitive and impactful communication of the findings to new parents.
Architecturally robust MoWS2 and Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets hybrid for high‐performance energy storage and conversion applications

The quench for the unremitting energy demand can be gratified by finding various substitute renewable energy sources and consequently safekeeping of these energies by energy storage devices. A variety of transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) materials are being explored for the application of water splitting and supercapacitor among which MoWS2 has gained its spot with potential tunable properties. Herein, the synthesis of MoWS2 and its nanocomposite with Ti3C2Tx MXene sheets is carried out by a simplistic hydrothermal method involving two steps. The structural and morphological characteristics were investigated through several characterization tools like powder X‐ray diffraction (pXRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Raman spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The MXene sheets act as a template for the growth of MoWS2 (MWS) nanosheets and could exhibit extraordinary supercapacitive and electrocatalytic activity. The highest specific capacitance achieved by the pseudocapacitive MoWS2@MXene (MWSM) was 259 F/g @0.2 A/g. Then the above‐mentioned negative electrode was again taken for asymmetric studies where CoSe2@CNT@rGO was preferred as a positive site electrode and the asymmetric device showed a specific energy of 14 Wh/kg at a specific power of 8 KW/kg with an excellent cycling stability and coulombic efficiency of 93% and 96% which was measured for 6000 cycles. The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) studies displayed that only 186 mV of overpotential was required to attain 10 mA/cm2 of current density. The electrocatalyst also achieved a small Tafel slope of 52 mV/dec along with exceptional stability upto 12 hours. High porosity, ample electrochemical active sites, rapid charge transfer kinetics and barrier‐free passage for ion transfer resulted in the enhanced electrochemical activity of MoWS2@MXene electrode/electrocatalyst.