Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of hole transport in polyspirobifluorene polymers measured by the charge-generation layer time-of-flight technique

Hole transport in a polyspirobifluorene homopolymer and a statistical polyspirobifluorene-triarylamine copolymer has been studied in detail employing the charge-generation layer time-of-flight (TOF) technique over a wide range of electric fields and temperatures. Both materials exhibit nondispersive TOF signals after injection of a sheet of charge carriers from a thin (10nm) perylene-diimide charge-carrier generation layer into a relatively thick (d>1μm) polymer film. Results were analyzed within the framework of the Gaussian disorder model and the charge transport parameters were extracted for both polymers. The zero-field hole mobility of the spirohomopolymer was found to be on the order of 10−6cm2∕Vs, whereas the copolymer showed a considerably lower hole mobility of 6×10−8cm2∕Vs. The width of the density of states σ was determined to be 86meV for the homopolymer and 107meV for the copolymer. The latter polymer also showed an increased positional disorder due to the statistically incorporated triarylam.
The Cytoplasmic Region of SARAF Reduces Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Metastasis through the Regulation of Store-Operated Calcium Entry

Triple-negative breast cancer has a poor prognosis and is non-responsive to first-line therapies; hence, new therapeutic strategies are needed. Enhanced store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) has been widely described as a contributing factor to tumorigenic behavior in several tumor types, particularly in breast cancer cells. SOCE-associated regulatory factor (SARAF) acts as an inhibitor of the SOCE response and, therefore, can be a potential antitumor factor. Herein, we generated a C-terminal SARAF fragment to evaluate the effect of overexpression of this peptide on the malignancy of triple-negative breast cancer cell lines. Using both in vitro and in vivo approaches, we showed that overexpression of the C-terminal SARAF fragment reduced proliferation, cell migration, and the invasion of murine and human breast cancer cells by decreasing the SOCE response. Our data suggest that regulating the activity of the SOCE response via SARAF activity might constitute the basis for further alternative therapeutic strategies for triple-negative breast cancer.
Sex differences in thermoregulation in mammals: Implications for energy homeostasis

Thermal homeostasis is a fundamental process in mammals, which allows the maintenance of a constant internal body temperature to ensure an efficient function of cells despite changes in ambient temperature. Increasing evidence has revealed the great impact of thermoregulation on energy homeostasis. Homeothermy requires a fine regulation of food intake, heat production, conservation and dissipation and energy expenditure. A great interest on this field of research has re-emerged following the discovery of thermogenic brown adipose tissue and browning of white fat in adult humans, with a potential clinical relevance on obesity and metabolic comorbidities. However, most of our knowledge comes from male animal models or men, which introduces unwanted biases on the findings. In this review, we discuss how differences in sex-dependent characteristics (anthropometry, body composition, hormonal regulation, and other sexual factors) influence numerous aspects of thermal regulation, which impact on energy homeostasis. Individuals of both sexes should be used in the experimental paradigms, considering the ovarian cycles and sexual hormonal regulation as influential factors in these studies. Only by collecting data in both sexes on molecular, functional, and clinical aspects, we will be able to establish in a rigorous way the real impact of thermoregulation on energy homeostasis, opening new avenues in the understanding and treatment of obesity and metabolic associated diseases.
Echoes of famine: Effects of the embodied memories of the Spanish Hunger Years (1939–1952) on survivors’ subsequent food practices and attitudes

This article explores the echoes that resonate in the present of the embodied memories of the Spanish Hunger Years (1939–1952) during the post-war period of Franco’s dictatorship. More specifically, it analyses both the bodily and mental effects of those traumatic memories on the survivors’ subsequent dietary practices and their perceptions of the socio-political reality. For this purpose, the study relies on the first-hand personal memories of those who were children during the 1940s. It is argued that there are continuities between these embodied memories and the eating habits of the survivors and their attitudes towards subsequent periods of prosperity and crisis.
Robust MPC for polytopic uncertain systems via a high-rate network with the round-robin scheduling

This article is concerned with the robust model predictive control (RMPC) problem for polytopic uncertain systems under the round-robin (RR) scheduling in the high-rate communication channel. From a set of sensors to the controller, several sensors transmit the data to the remote controller via a shared high-rate communication network, data collision might happen if these sensors start transmissions at the same time. For the sake of preventing data collision in the high-rate communication channel, a communication scheduling known as RR is used to arrange the data transmission order, where only one node with token is allowed to send data at each transmission instant. In accordance with the token-dependent Lyapunov-like approach, the aim of the problem addressed is to design a set of controllers in the framework of RMPC such that the asymptotical stability of the closed-loop system is guaranteed. By taking the effect of the underlying RR scheduling in the high-rate communication channel into consideration, sufficient conditions are obtained by solving a terminal constraint set of an auxiliary optimization problem. In addition, an algorithm including both off-line and online parts is provided to find a sub-optimal solution. Finally, two simulation examples are used to demonstrate the usefulness and effectiveness of the proposed RMPC strategy.
Performance analysis of least squares algorithm for multivariable stochastic systems

In this paper, we consider the parameter estimation problem for the multivariable system. A recursive least squares algorithm is studied by minimizing the accumulative prediction error. By employing the stochastic Lyapunov function and the martingale estimate methods, we provide the weakest possible data conditions for convergence analysis. The upper bound of accumulative regret is also provided. Various simulation examples are given, and the results demonstrate that the convergence rate of the algorithm depends on the parameter dimension and output dimension.
VELOCITIES OF DUAL HOMOTHETIC EXPONENTIAL MOTIONS IN D3

In modern mathematics dual numbers turn up if one poses the problem to find all algebra of rank 2 over a (commutative) field with a characteristic 2 p ≠ . It appears that there are three solutions. One of these is the algebra consisting of the dual elements * a a e + over F, * a , a ∈F and 2 e =0. If F is taken to be the field of real numbers, these elements are called dual numbers. Long before abstract algebra was included in the curriculum of all mathematical departments, dual numbers had been introduced by William Kingdon Clifford (1845-1879) as a tool for his geometrical investigations. After him, E. Study used dual numbers and dual vectors in research on line geometry and kinematics [1]; he devoted special attention to the representation of spears by dual unit vectors. In recent times several authors have been using dual quantities in their investigations concerning the analysis and synthesis of spatial mechanisms [2]. In the Euclidean space E of n-dimensions, W. Clifford and James J. McMahon have given a treatment of a rigid bodyOs motion generated by the most general one parameter affine transformation [3]. Another treatment was given by H.R. Muller for the same kind of motion [4]. Subsequently, the properties of the planer homothetic motions and three dimensional special homothetic motions are given by I. Olcaylar [5]. The exponential motions were given by A.P. Aydin, V. Asil [6, 7]. In this work, the concept of homothetic dual exponential motions in D (Dual Space) is studied.
Dual Channel Feature Attention-Based Approach for RUL Prediction Considering the Spatiotemporal Difference of Multisensor Data

The remaining useful life (RUL) prediction has always been the key technology to realize predictive maintenance. An accurate prediction can give decision-makers a reliable reference to develop maintenance schedules and adjust production planning. When dealing with the spatiotemporal data of multisensor system, recent deep learning (DL) methods, however, still remain unexplored to weigh the contributions from both spatial and temporal dimensions. In this article, we propose a novel DL-based approach with dual channel feature attention (DCFA) modules. First, the two-individual feature attention branches are used to automatically weigh the input on both time and spatial domain, which helps the model to focus more attention on the important elements. Then multilayer bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) and convolutional neural networks are used to extract the high-level features. Finally, a fusion network will combine the features to estimate the RUL. Evaluation experiments are conducted on the C-MAPSS dataset to verify the performance of the proposed model. The results show that the proposed model outperforms other state-of-the-art approaches.
Dictyota defense: Developing effective chemical protection against intense fish predation for outplanted massive corals

The incorporation of coral species with massive (e.g., boulder, brain) morphologies into reef restoration is critical to sustain biodiversity and increase coral cover on degraded reef ecosystems. However, fragments and colonies of massive corals outplanted in Miami-Dade County, Florida, US, can experience intense predation by fish within the first week of outplanting, resulting in >70% mortality. Here, we tested for the first time the potential benefit of feeding corals powdered Dictyota, a brown reef alga that is chemically defended against grazing, to determine if exposure to Dictyota can confer chemical protection to coral fragments and reduce the impacts of fish predation after outplanting. We found that feeding corals every 2 to 3 days for 2 months with dried and powdered Dictyota prior to outplanting significantly reduced predation levels on Orbicella faveolata and Montastraea cavernosa fragments (with less than 20% of the fragments experiencing predation up to 1-month post-outplanting). We also found that a single exposure to Dictyota at a high concentration 1 to 2 days prior to outplanting significantly reduced predation for six coral species within the first 24 h following outplanting. Thus, feeding corals dry Dictyota ex situ prior to outplanting appears to confer protection from fish predation during the critical first days to weeks after outplanting when predation impacts are commonly high. This simple and cheap method can be easily scaled up for corals kept ex situ prior to outplanting, resulting in an increase in restoration efficiency for massive corals in areas with high fish predation.
Engineered spacecraft deployables influenced by nature

Northrop Grumman has been a leader in the space industry for over 50 years, and in fact was the first in the industry to produce a contractor-built spacecraft. Since the dawn of the Space Age and that Pioneer-1 spacecraft, every sub-system that makes up a spacecraft has grown in capability. One of the most visible changes to a spacecraft that enables these enhanced capabilities is the variety of appendages called deployable systems. These systems include solar arrays, antenna reflectors, telescopes and a current design for a tennis court sized sunshield. While the end product may look very different and perform different functions, all deployable systems share certain common attributes. Among these are: a latch mechanism for the deployable restraining it to the spacecraft for launch, an unlatching or release mechanism once orbit is achieved, an energy storage device or driving mechanism for deployment and a re-latching, or sometimes a repositioning device for orientation of the system during the mission. This paper describes these space-based systems and draws some comparisons with various natural analogs. While it may not be the case that the aerospace engineer is attempting to duplicate natural systems, it is almost certain that spacecraft deployable systems have been influenced by nature.
Emerging trends and focus on the link between gut microbiota and type 1 diabetes: A bibliometric and visualization analysis

Objective To conduct the first thorough bibliometric analysis to evaluate and quantify global research regarding to the gut microbiota and type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methods A literature search for research studies on gut microbiota and T1D was conducted using the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database on 24 September 2022. VOSviewer software and the packages Bibliometrix R and ggplot used in RStudio were applied to perform the bibliometric and visualization analysis. Results A total of 639 publications was extracted using the terms “gut microbiota” and “type 1 diabetes” (and their synonyms in MeSH). Ultimately, 324 articles were included in the bibliometric analysis. The United States and European countries are the main contributors to this field, and the top 10 most influential institutions are all based in the United States, Finland and Denmark. The three most influential researchers in this field are Li Wen, Jorma Ilonen and Mikael Knip. Historical direct citation analysis showed the evolution of the most cited papers in the field of T1D and gut microbiota. Clustering analysis defined seven clusters, covering the current main topics in both basic and clinical research on T1D and gut microbiota. The most commonly found high-frequency keywords in the period from 2018 to 2021 were “metagenomics,” “neutrophils” and “machine learning. ” Conclusion The application of multi-omics and machine learning approaches will be a necessary future step for better understanding gut microbiota in T1D. Finally, the future outlook for customized therapy toward reshaping gut microbiota of T1D patients remains promising.
High Dietary Cation and Anion Difference and High-Dose Ascorbic Acid Modify Acid–Base and Antioxidant Balance in Dairy Goats Fed under Tropical Conditions

Simple Summary The high environmental temperature of the tropical area compromises milk production in dairy animals, and an increase in the energy required for heat dissipation produces both acid and reactive oxygen species. This response causes an acid–base imbalance and oxidative stress which indirectly affect milk synthesis. We previously showed that a high dietary cation and anion difference (DCAD) supplement increased heat dissipation. Moreover, a high-dose vitamin C (vit C) supplement has been used in dairy ruminants to decrease oxidative stress. The present experiment aimed to investigate the relationship between acid–base balance, oxidative stress, and mammary gland function under high environmental temperature conditions. The results showed that high DCAD and vit C could change acid–base balance and oxidative status. In addition, milk compositions were changed when the oxidative stress was compromised. We conclude that the high environmental temperature compromises milk synthesis in part by changing acid–base balance and oxidative stress. Abstract High ambient temperature (HTa) causes acid–base imbalance and systemic oxidative stress, and this may indirectly affect the mammary gland. Furthermore, HTa induces intracellular oxidative stress, which has been proposed to affect cell metabolism directly. We previously showed in dairy goats that the negative effect of HTa was compromised by enhancing heat dissipation during a high dietary cation and anion difference (DCAD) regimen. Moreover, high-dose vitamin C or ascorbic acid (AA) supplements have been used to manage oxidative stress in ruminants. The present study hypothesized that high DCAD and AA supplements that could alleviate the HTa effect would influence the milk synthesis pathway and mammary gland function. The results showed that goats fed with high DCAD had higher blood pH than control goats in the 4th week. The high dose of AA supplement decreases urine pH in the 8th week. The percent reduction of urine pH from the AA supplement was significant in the DCAD group. The high-dose AA supplement decreased plasma glutathione peroxidase activity and malonaldehyde. This effect was enhanced by a high DCAD supplement. In addition, supplementation with AA increased milk protein and citrate and decreased milk FFA. These alterations indicate the intracellular biochemical pathway of energy metabolism and milk synthesis. It can be concluded that a high DCAD regimen and AA supplement in dairy goats fed under HTa could influence the milk synthesis pathway. The evidence suggests that HTa decreases mammary gland function by modification of acid–base homeostasis and oxidative stress.
A firm's optimizing behaviour under a value-at-risk constraint

In this article, we employ the concept of value-at-risk to model a kind of risk-averse behaviour of a firm which seeks to maximize profit à la Greenwald–Stiglitz [5]. It is shown that there exists a unique well-defined solution function, which relates output to the firm's net worth, but that this function is not monotone. The latter is due to the fact that whenever the VaR-constraint is not binding, the firm behaves in a risk-neutral fashion. It is also shown that in this context, the Modigliani–Miller theorem applies only in the special case where there is no risk of bankruptcy.
The Role of Large Mammals as Vitamin C Sources for MIS 3 Hominins

The acquisition of large prey by hominins living during the Marine Isotope Stage 3, including Neanderthals and Anatomically Modern Humans, had nutritional and bioenergetic implications: these contain high fat amounts, provide a high energy return, and the strategies and skills required to acquire small prey were different from those required to acquire the former. Vitamin C availability at several MIS 3 periods could have had a strong seasonal variability and would have been decisive for hominin groups’ survival. During the cold periods of the MIS 3, Paleolithic hominins had variable available amounts of vitamin C-containing plants only in the short summers, and for the remainder of the year, viscera would have been their best source of vitamin C. Meanwhile, the dependence on small mammals could have caused an erratic distribution of viscera to be consumed by such hominins, thus leading to chronic scurvy, and compromising their survival. Then, the hunting of large mammals would have helped to meet the daily vitamin C needs, besides an efficient energy supply. Therefore, the decline of large prey during the MIS 3 could have been critical for hominins survival, and thus the efficient exploitation of alternative vitamin C-rich food resources such as birds and aquatic animals could have favored the evolutionary success of hominin populations.
Transport properties of single-crystal CdS nanoribbons

The transport properties of single-crystal CdS nanoribbons were studied by evaluating the characteristics of field-effect transistors made of individual CdS nanoribbons. The nanoribbon transistors exhibited typical normally off n-channel characteristics with an on-off ratio as high as 104 in dark and in air. A barrier of 0.55eV at the metal-semiconductor contact was deduced from the temperature-dependent conductance. The CdS nanoribbons were highly sensitive to visible light and to adsorbed oxygen molecules. The transistor showed substantial improvement in performance under light irradiation and in vacuum.
Magnetoresistance in Degenerate CdS: Localized Magnetic Moments

The magnetoresistance of CdS samples doped with In has been measured. The samples had electron concentrations between 8.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{17}$ and 1.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{19}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$. The data up to 8 kG were taken over a wide range of temperatures; however, the temperature was limited to the liquid-helium range for fields between 8 and 150 kG. It was found that the observed magnetoresistance is negative to much higher temperatures and fields than has been reported for any other semiconductor. The data are analyzed as the sum of a negative and a positive component. Although qualitative features of the negative component at low fields are consistent with the localized-magnetic-moment model of Toyozawa, we found that there exist quantitative disagreements with the calculations using the second-order perturbation expansion of the $s\ensuremath{-}d$ exchange Hamiltonian. Some evidence for inclusion of higher-order terms is provided by the logarithmic temperature dependence of the resistivity at zero field. The positive component, because of the magnetic field dependence of the Hall coefficient, is interpreted in terms of the magnetic freeze-out. A semiempirical expression, $\frac{\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\rho}}{{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{0}}=\ensuremath{-}{B}_{1}\mathrm{ln}(1+{B}_{2}^{2}{H}^{2})+\frac{{B}_{3}^{2}{H}^{2}}{(1+{B}_{4}^{2}{H}^{2})}$, is suggested to describe the behavior of the observed magnetoresistance. Least-squares fits to this expression are provided along with the consistent and reasonable values of the calculated negative and the positive components.
Planting Suaeda salsa improved the soil properties and bacterial community diversity in a coastal mudflat

Planting halophytes is an effective strategy to improve saline soils and prevent soil degradation. However, the effects of planting halophytes on saline soil biochemical properties and bacterial communities remain largely unexplored. In this study, soils were sampled from a field where Suaeda salsa was planted over a three‐year (TY) and one‐year (OY) period on a coastal saline mudflat to investigate the effects of S. salsa growth on soil chemical and biological properties. The results showed that OY and TY significantly reduced soil EC by 76.59% to 79.45% (0–10 cm soil layer) and 31.85% to 43.40% (10–20 cm soil layer) in comparison with the control without S. salsa planting (control). For the characteristics of soil enzyme activity, the alkaline phosphatase activity of TY was significantly reduced in the 0–10 cm soil layer (39.76%) and increased in the 10–20 cm layer (13.37%) relative to control. Alkaline phosphatase activity was the predominant factor affecting soil bacterial community composition. Moreover, the relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi were increased in both the OY and TY treatments compared to control, and were positively correlated with soil organic matter and available nitrogen. The complexity of the soil microbial network and the bacterial community diversity and richness were higher in OY and TY than in control. Our findings suggested that planting S. salsa benefited saline soil in coastal land by reducing soil salt stress, preventing salt soil degradation, and increasing soil bacterial community diversity.