Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploration of Anomalous Gravity Effects by rf-Pumped Magnetized High-T(c) Superconducting Oxides

A number of anomalous gravitational effects have been reported in the scientific literature during recent years, but there has been no independent confirmation with regard to any of these claims. Therefore, the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, in response to the propulsion challenges specified by NASA's Breakthrough Propulsion Physics (BPP) program, proposed to explore the possibility of observing anomalous gravitation behavior through the manipulation of Josephson junction effects in magnetized high-Tc superconducting oxides. The technical goal was to critically test this revolutionary physical claim and provide a rigorous, independent, empirical confirmation (or refutation) of anomalous effects related to the manipulation of gravity by radio frequency (rf)-pumped magnetized type-2 superconductors. Because the current empirical evidence for gravity modification is anecdotal, our objective was to design, construct, and meticulously implement a discriminating experiment, which would put these observations on a more firm footing within the scientific community. Our approach is unique in that we advocate the construction of an extremely sensitive torsion balance with which to measure gravity modification effects by rf-pumped type-2 superconductor test masses. This paper reviews the anecdotal evidence for anomalous gravity effects, describes the design and development of a simplified torsion balance experiment for empirically investigating these claims, and presents the results of preliminary experiments.
Toward Hierarchical Adaptive Alignment for Aerial Object Detection in Remote Sensing Images

The aerial objects tend to distribute with a major variation in the scale and arbitrary orientations in remote sensing images. To meet such characteristics of the aerial object, most of the existing anchor-based detectors rely on preset anchors with variable scales, angles, and aspect ratios, which lead to the misalignment of the selection of candidate regions, the extraction of object features, and the label assignment of preset boxes, interfering the performance of the detector. To address this issue, we propose a hierarchical adaptive alignment network (HAA-Net). Specifically, we first design the region refinement module (RRM), feature alignment module (FAM), and potential label assignment module (PLAM) to alleviate the misalignment of the region, feature, and label levels, respectively; furthermore, we use the gradient equalization strategy to jointly optimize these modules at different levels, so that the whole network can be fully trained to significantly improve detection performance. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our approach can achieve superior performance in three common aerial object datasets [(e.g., Dataset of Object Detection in Aerial Images (DOTA), High-Resolution Ship Collection 2016 (HRSC2016), and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences-Aerial Object Detection (UCAS-AOD)] when compared with state-of-the-art detectors.
Dynamical behavior of a stochastic model of gene expression with distributed delay and degenerate diffusion

ABSTRACT This article is concerned with a stochastic model of gene expression with distributed delay and degenerate diffusion. We transform the model with weak kernel case into an equivalent system through the linear chain technique. Since the diffusion matrix is of degenerate type, the uniform ellipticity condition is not satisfied. The Markov semigroup theory is used to obtain the existence and uniqueness of a stable stationary distribution. We prove the densities of the distributions of the solutions can converge in L1 to an invariant density. The existence of the stationary distribution implies stochastic weak stability. Numerical simulation is introduced to illustrate the analytical result.
Producing spin-polarized photoelectrons by using the momentum gate in strong-field ionization experiments

The ionization of the prealigned nitric oxide molecule by strong circularly polarized laser fields is studied via theoretical simulations of the spin-resolved photoelectron momentum distributions by solving numerically the three-dimensional time-dependent Schrödinger equation. Due to the spin-orbit entanglement in the ground state of nitric oxide and the sensitivity of the tunnel ionization of its doubly degenerate valence 2π± orbitals carrying opposite electron ring currents to the sense of the laser-field rotation, the momentum-resolved spin-polarized photoelectrons are produced. We show that the spin polarization exhibits strong dependence on the kinetic energy as well as the emitting angle of the photoelectron. In addition to the laser control, the momentum gate in strong-field experiments would enable full control of the spin polarization.
Assimilating the dynamic spatial gradient of a bottom-up carbon flux estimation as a unique observation in COLA (v2.0)

Atmospheric inversion of high spatiotemporal surface CO 2 flux without dynamic constraints and sufficient observations is an ill-posed problem, and a priori flux from a "bottom-up" estimation is commonly used in "top-down" 15 inversion systems for regularization purposes. Ensemble Kalman filter-based inversion algorithms usually weigh a priori flux to the background or directly replace the background with the a priori flux. However, the "bottom-up" flux estimations, especially the simulated terrestrial-atmosphere CO 2 exchange, are usually systematically biased at different spatiotemporal scales because of the deficiencies in understanding of some underlying processes. Here, we introduced a novel regularization algorithm into the Carbon in Ocean‒Land‒Atmosphere (COLA) data assimilation system, which assimilates a priori 20 information as a unique observation (AAPO). The a priori information is not limited to "bottom-up" flux estimation. With the comprehensive assimilation regularization approach, COLA can apply the spatial gradient of the "bottom-up" flux estimation as a priori information to reduce the bias impact and enhance the dynamic information concerning the a priori "bottom-up" flux estimation. Benefiting from the enhanced signal-to-noise ratio in the spatial gradient, the global, regional, and grided flux estimations using the AAPO algorithm are significantly better than those obtained by the traditional regularization approach, 25 especially over highly uncertain tropical regions in the context of observing simulation system experiments (OSSEs). We suggest that the AAPO algorithm can be applied to other greenhouse gas (e.g., CH 4 , NO 2 ) and pollutant data assimilation studies.
Comparative study of techniques for detecting emulators on Android devices

The growth in the mobile ecosystem provide a fertile ground for malicious activities. Malicious users might use mobile emulators to commit fraudulent acts. Such practice has already caused serious damage to app service providers. Therefore, the need for effectively detecting whether an app is running in an emulator must be considered. There is a set of proposed techniques by open source projects and academic papers. In this work, we perform a comparison analysis of some of the existing techniques. Our results show that none of the proposed techniques is effective to all emulators, with some being unable to detect the emulators they were designed to detect. We have also found that the current Nox emulator version for macOS is not detected by any technique.
Reply to Ondrej Majer's Comments on Vagueness, Tolerance and Non-Transitive Entailment

In the paper I suggested that for many predicates P, the ‘P-er than’ relation is a strict weak order. Ondrej Majer asks why I assume that, given that I concentrate myself later in the paper on semi-orders. Well, in case the ordering relation can be made more precise by means of measurement phrases, there is no choice but to use a strict weak order. In fact, speaker’s intuitions about a relation like ‘taller than’ very much correspond with that of strict weak orders. Having said that, I realize very well that there are many comparative relations which have only weaker properties (for instance only a partial order), ‘smarter than’ is arguably one of them. My point for introducing strict weak orders was not so much to claim that most comparative relations are of this type, but rather that if this is assumed, it can hardly be explained why the Sorties paradox is a problem. I believe that the Sorites paradox only arises because the way we normally observe tallness, for instance, the observably taller than-relation should be a semi-order, rather than a strict weak one. Can the use of degrees in the measurement of semi-orders not be used to formulate a degree-based analysis of vagueness? , Ondrej Majer wonders. Perhaps, I didn’t try out, and I invite Majer to work out this interesting thought. But I agree with Ondrej that there exists a certain similarity between the approach I favor and fuzzy logic-based analyses of logic. In contrast to most standard logicians and semanticists I am not impressed by the standard objections that formulas like Pa^:Pa and Pa_:Pa are not predicted to be contradictions and tautologies, respectively, if P is a vague predicate. In fact, this is at it should be (see Atxatib and Pelletier, 2011 and Ripley, 2011), and my notions of strict and tolerant satisfaction account for this. Moreover, I believe that the most natural notion of consequence that can be formulated using using fuzzy logic is a non-transitive one. Having said that, I don’t believe that we need as many values of truth that fuzzy logicians standardly assume: three or four can do a whole lot. Ondrej Majer correctly observes that given the semantics I propose, there are a number of tolerant (non-transitive) consequence relations that can be formulated. In the paper I suggest to use consequence relation ct (according to which the conclusion should be (at least) tolerantly true, if all the premisses are (at least) classically true), and Majer reasonably asks why? In fact, in Cobreros et al. (2011) we use the same semantics but propose a different notion of logical consequence: st-consequence, according to which the conclusion should be (at least) tolerantly true, if all the premisses are (at least) strictly true. The preference for this consequence relation is motivated by the following observation: st-consequence is the only consequence relation that validates the tolerance principle, the deduction principle, and modus ponens.
The Properties of Hitherto Unidentified Radio Sources in the MIGHTEE Survey

Radio astronomy is a pioneering branch of astronomy research new radio surveys have gathered a lot of attention in the last few years, due to the huge expansion in capabilities of new radio facilities, with new observatories such as MeerKAT and LOFAR surveying wide areas to large depths at great speed. But radio sources alone are not especially informative, e.g. no redshift information can be obtained from radio continuum data, and therefore no clear route to obtaining information about the physics in the sources. This work investigates the properties of the no-ID radio sources taken from the MIGHTEE catalogue produced by Prescott et al. (submitted), specifically in the COSMOS field. The catalogue we use for the NIR data is described by McCracken et al. (2012) the UltraVISTA survey with deep and ultra-deep coverage of the COSMOS field. Combining the data from these two catalogues we are able to determine that the 114 no-ID sources have 141.8± 31.4 excess galaxies when the separation is up to 6”. We find that these sources have a flux density distribution of 0.007 1.840 mJy, KS magnitude distribution of mainly 20 < mK < 24 and a redshift distribution of 0 < z < 2. The magnitude distribution includes only the sources we can detect, thus the rest must be fainter. We therefore suspect a bimodal magnitude distribution for the no-ID counterparts. Some fraction of the sources also have unknown redshifts because we have not been able to detect any counterparts even in the UltraVISTA data reaching mK < 26. Our results suggest that data such as from VIDEO are as good for cross-identifying MIGHTEE sources as UltraVISTA data, considering there is no significant difference between the source population when mK < 24 and mK < 26, which may benefit MIGHTEE investigations in the XMM-LSS, ELAIS-S1 and ECDFS fields. To further our investigation, we look at how many of the 114 sources would have at least one possible multi-wavelength counterpart using part of the Likelihood Ratio technique. We find that 60.3± 16.1 per cent or around 68 of the no-ID sources have at least one counterpart detected in the UltraVISTA data. We also find that at search radius of 10”, there are still three sources with no possible counterparts. We agree with other works in the literature that combining different methods of cross-identification may be the most efficient and rewarding approach for radio-continuum surveys.
The Interaction of Transactional and Transformational Leadership The Interaction of Transactional and Transformational Leadership

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the relationship of transactional and transformational leadership. Specifically, this paper looks at how transactional and transformational leadership interact with one another, particularly how transformational leadership augments transactional leadership. In order to look at this interaction, there is first a description of the characteristics of both leadership types. Next, several studies are reviewed in an effort to look at how transformational leadership augments transactional leadership. The studies are diverse across various types of organizations and industries in order to give a broader look at how transformational and transactional leadership characteristics interact.
Precipitation data assimilation in WRFDA 4D-Var: implementation and application to convection-permitting forecasts over United States

Precipitation data assimilation has been developed in the Weather Research and Forecasting model data assimilation system (WRFDA) using four-dimensional variational (4D-Var) approach. Unlike other conventional data, precipitation is an integral quantity and it is not included as a control variable in WRFDA. A simplified Kessler scheme is used in tangent linear and adjoint model. Precipitation data are directly assimilated in WRFDA 4D-Var, and the assimilation of precipitation will have feedback to all the control variables via the constraint of the linearized physics package. Firstly, we present single observation experiments to exhibit how dynamic, thermodynamic and moisture fields are adjusted by assimilating rainfall information. Then, the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Stage IV precipitation data are assimilated for a heavy rainfall case on 9 June 2010 at a convection-permitting model setting (4-km). Finally, we conducted one-week experiments to further validate the robustness of the results for precipitation assimilation. Results show that precipitation assimilation has a positive impact on model fields, particularly on the low-level humidity. For the impact on precipitation forecasts, it indicates that precipitation assimilation reduces spin-up time efficiently, removes false alarms and produces model forecast precipitation closer to the observations through the changes in temperature, moisture and wind imposed in the analyses. The impact from precipitation assimilation persists up to three hours on average.
What about the emotional labor of university teachers in teaching? A survey from a Chinese university

Emotional labor is an important factor that affects the teaching effectiveness of teachers, and university teachers are no exception. In order to understand the current status of emotional labor among university teachers, this paper investigated the emotional labor of 253 university teachers from China. The results showed that university teachers have a high perception of emotional display rules, and engage in high levels of emotional labor behavior. They employ more deep acting and naturally felt emotion strategies in emotional labor, and age differences were found in surface acting, which decreases with age. Finally, this paper proposes suggestions for improving the impact of emotional labor at both the individual and organizational levels. University teachers need to continuously improve their own emotional management abilities and intrinsic work motivation, while universities need to create a good educational ecological environment and provide social support for university teachers.
1 The structure and content of phonological primitives

The primitives of phonological theory – whether we call them features, elements, gestures, or by some other name – represent the smallest units in phonology and stand in some relation to phonetic reality. At least this much most phonologists would agree on; but once we begin to ask further questions concerning the precise nature of the primitives, we find a significant divergence of views. What kind of primitives are there? How are they structured? And what is their phonetic exponence? This chapter presents an overview of our current understanding of the nature of phonological primitives, and of the key issues that play a role in the debate on this topic. We do this as a way of framing the contributions to this volume, which approach the topic of phonological primitives from different theoretical and experimental perspectives.
Detecting Data Spoofing in Connected Vehicle based Intelligent Traffic Signal Control using Infrastructure-Side Sensors and Traffic Invariants

Connected Vehicle (CV) technologies are under rapid deployment across the globe and will soon reshape our transportation systems, bringing benefits to mobility, safety, environment, etc. Meanwhile, such technologies also attract attention from cyberattacks. Recent work shows that CV-based Intelligent Traffic Signal Control Systems are vulnerable to data spoofing attacks, which can cause severe congestion effects in intersections. In this work, we explore a general detection strategy for infrastructure-side CV applications by estimating the trustworthiness of CVs based on readily-available infrastructure-side sensors. We implement our detector for the CV-based traffic signal control and evaluate it against two representative congestion attacks. Our evaluation in the industrial-grade traffic simulator shows that the detector can detect attacks with at least 95% true positive rates while keeping false positive rate below 7% and is robust to sensor noises.
Numerical Investigation of Steady and Harmonic Vortex Generator Jets Flow Separation Control

Active flow control of canonical laminar separation bubbles by steady and harmonic vortex generator jets (VGJs) was investigated using direct numerical simulations. Both control strategies were found to be effective in controlling the laminar boundary-layer separation. However, the present results indicate that using the same blowing amplitude, harmonic VGJs were more effective and efficient at reducing the separated region than the steady VGJs considering the fact that the harmonic VGJs use less momentum than the steady case. For steady VGJs, longitudinal structures forming immediately downstream of the injection location led to the formation of hairpin-type vortices, causing an earlier transition to turbulence. Symmetric hairpin vortices were shown to develop downstream of the forcing location for the harmonic VGJs, as well. However, the increased control effectiveness for harmonic VGJs’ flow control strategy is attributed to the fact that the shear-layer instability mechanism was exploited. As a result, disturbances introduced by VGJs were strongly amplified, leading to the development of large-scale coherent structures, which are very effective at increasing the momentum exchange, thus limiting the separated region.
Defining "Broken": User Experiences and Remediation Tactics When Ad-Blocking or Tracking-Protection Tools Break a Website's User Experience

To counteract the ads and third-party tracking ubiquitous on the web, users turn to blocking tools—ad-blocking and tracking-protection browser extensions and built-in features. Unfortunately, blocking tools can cause non-ad, non-tracking elements of a website to degrade or fail, a phenomenon termed breakage . Examples include missing images, non-functional buttons, and pages failing to load. While the literature frequently discusses breakage, prior work has not systematically mapped and disambiguated the spectrum of user experiences subsumed under “breakage,” nor sought to understand how users experience, prioritize, and attempt to ﬁx breakage. We ﬁll these gaps. First, through qualitative analysis of 18,932 extension-store reviews and GitHub issue reports for ten popular blocking tools, we developed novel taxonomies of 38 speciﬁc types of breakage and 15 associated mitigation strategies. To understand subjective experiences of breakage, we then conducted a 95-participant survey. Nearly all participants had experienced various types of breakage, and they employed an array of strategies of variable effectiveness in response to speciﬁc types of breakage in speciﬁc contexts. Unfortunately, participants rarely notiﬁed anyone who could ﬁx the root causes. We discuss how our taxonomies and re-sults can improve the comprehensiveness and prioritization of ongoing attempts to automatically detect and ﬁx breakage.
Opening Pandora’s box: Reducing GCM uncertainty in Australian simulations of the carbon cycle

Climate projections from global circulation models (GCMs) part of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) are often employed to study the impact of future climate on ecosystems. However, especially at regional scales, climate projections display large biases in key forcing variables such as temperature and precipitation. These biases have been identiﬁed as a major source of uncertainty in carbon cycle projections, hampering predictive capacity. In this studywe examine different methods to reduce uncertainty in simulations of the carbon cycle in Australia arising from biases in climate 5 projections, (cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58) we (cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58) open (cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58) the (cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58) proverbial