Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Different Fining Treatments on Phenolic and Aroma Composition of Grape Musts and Wines

The study evaluated the effect of different fining treatments such as oenological additives and the influence of oxygen and hyperoxygenation on the phenolic and aroma composition of grape musts and wines. The oxidative method, hyperoxygenation and fining agents polyvinyl polypyrrolidone (PVPP), pea protein and chitosan were used for the removal of phenolic compounds compared to the control experiment. The content of phenolic substances was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. A total of 24 volatiles—higher alcohols, ethyl esters and acetate esters were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A lower concentration of caftaric acid was observed in hyperoxygenated (0.21 mg·L−1), oxidated (0.37 mg·L−1), PVPP-treated (35.50 mg·L−1), pea protein-treated (42.56 mg·L−1) and chitosan-treated variants (44.40 mg·L−1), in contrast to the control must (caftaric acid 50.38 mg·L−1). In the final wine, the results were similar with a lower concentration of caftaric acid in hyperoxygenated (7.10 mg·L−1), oxidated (14.88 mg·L−1), PVPP-treated (23.49 mg·L−1), pea protein-treated (29.49 mg·L−1) and chitosan-treated variant (30.02 mg·L−1), in contrast to the control wine (caftaric acid 32.19 mg·L−1).
A NOTE ON REDUCIBLE CYCLES IN MULTIPARTITE TOURNAMENTS

[3] proves that if $T$ is a strong $c$-partite tournament $(c\geq 3)$, then there is a $(k-3)$-reducible $k$-cycle in $T$, for all $k=3,4,\cdots, c$. In this paper we investigate the smallest number of $(k-3)$-reducible $k$-cycles in strong $c$-partite tournaments for $3\leq k\leq c$ and give some related problems.
A near-optimal low complexity sensor fusion technique for accurate indoor localization based on ultrasound time of arrival measurements from low-quality sensors

A fusion-based localization technique for location-based services in indoor environments is introduced herein, based on ultrasound time-of-arrival measurements from multiple off-the-shelf range estimating sensors which are used in a market-available localization system. In-situ field measurements results indicated that the respective off-the-shelf system was unable to estimate position in most of the cases, while the underlying sensors are of low-quality and yield highly inaccurate range and position estimates. An extensive analysis is performed and a model of the sensor-performance characteristics is established. A low-complexity but accurate sensor fusion and localization technique is then developed, which consists inof evaluating multiple sensor measurements and selecting the one that is considered most-accurate based on the underlying sensor model. Optimality, in the sense of a genie selecting the optimum sensor, is subsequently evaluated and compared to the proposed technique. The experimental results indicate that the proposed fusion method exhibits near-optimal performance and, albeit being theoretically suboptimal, it largely overcomes most flaws of the underlying single-sensor system resulting in a localization system of increased accuracy, robustness and availability.
Dynamic bandwidth allocation for ATM switches

We explore a dynamic approach to the problems of call admission and resource allocation for communication networks with connections that are differentiated by their quality of service requirements. In a dynamic approach, the amount of spare resources is estimated on-line based on feedbacks from the network's quality of service monitoring mechanism. The schemes we propose remove the dependence on accurate traffic models and thus simplify the tasks of supplying traffic statistics required of network users. In this paper we present two dynamic algorithms. The objective of these algorithms is to find the minimum bandwidth necessary to satisfy a cell loss probability constraint at an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) switch. We show that in both schemes the bandwidth chosen by the algorithm approaches the optimal value almost surely. Furthermore, in the second scheme, which determines the point closest to the optimal bandwidth from a finite number of choices, the expected learning time is finite.
Stochastic modeling of macrodispersion in heterogeneous porous media

A method for the prediction of dispersion processes of inert solutes occurring in heterogeneous porous media, is presented. Its main features are as follows: (1) The velocity field is assumed to be a space random function. Its moments are expressed through the physical parameters of the log transmissivity and head random fields by linearizing the flow equation. The random velocity, being a linear function of the head and log transmissivity, which are assumed to be jointly multivariate normal (MVN), is thus also MVN. Its pdf is completely defined by its first two moments. (2) The statistics of the dispersion process are obtained by the particle-tracking method through Monte Carlo simulations which are based on Gaussian conditioning. The method is applied to the Borden natural gradient tracer test (Freyberg, 1986), showing favorable results.
Extending the Bradley–Terry model for paired comparisons to accommodate weights

In the method of paired comparisons (PCs), treatments are compared on the basis of qualitative characteristics they possess, in the light of their sensory evaluations made by judges. However, there may emerge the situations where in addition to qualitative merits/worths, judges may assign quantitative weights to reflect/specify the relative importance of the treatments. In this study, an attempt is made to reconcile the qualitative and the quantitative PCs through assigning quantitative weights to treatments having qualitative merits using/extending the Bradley–Terry (BT) model. Behaviors of the existing BT model and the proposed weighted BT model are studied through the test of goodness-of-fit. Experimental and simulated data sets are used for illustration.
A Remark on Numerical Errors Downstream of Slightly Viscous Shocks

Lower-order errors downstream of a shock layer have been detected in computations with nonconstant solutions when using higher-order shock capturing schemes in one and two dimensions [B. Engquist and B. Sjogreen, {SIAM J. Numer. Anal. , 35 (1998), pp. 2464--2485]. By analyzing the steady-state solution of slightly viscous hyperbolic systems of conservation laws we find that the solution can have an ${\cal O}(h)$-dependence downstream of a shock layer, although the viscous term in that region is of ${\cal O}(h^2)$. Numerical examples illustrate the analysis.
Learning Accelerator of Deep Neural Networks with Logarithmic Quantization

In recent years, Deep Neural Network (DNN)s have become widely spread. Several high-throughput hardware implementations for DNNs have been proposed. One of the key points for hardware implementations of DNNs is to reduce their circuit scale because DNNs require a lot of product-sum operations. Previous papers presented some accelerators using logarithmic quantization to reduce circuit scale by replacing multipliers with shifters. However, most of them are implemented only for inference, and we can find no previous paper using logarithmic quantization for learning. In this paper, a learning accelerator using a logarithmic quantization is proposed. The accelerator uses a stochastic approach for logarithmic quantization. It enables DNNs to learn using logarithmic quantization values. Preliminary evaluation confirmed that DNNs using the proposed method can achieve recognition of MNIST with an accuracy of 97.8%. This evaluation result proves that the proposed method can be used for learning DNNs. The accelerator using the proposed method is implemented on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) (Xilinx Zynq7020) and synthesized with Xilinx Vivado 2017.1. As a result, it is confirmed to have 2.9 times smaller circuit scale compared with the same FPGA accelerator using 32-bit fixed point number.
Radio observations of the fine structure inside a post-CME current sheet

A solar radio burst was observed in a coronal mass ejection/flare event by the Solar Broadband Radio Spectrometer at the Huairou Solar Observing Station on 2004 December 1. The data exhibited various patterns of plasma motions, suggestive of the interaction between sunward moving plasmoids and the flare loop system during the impulsive phase of the event. In addition to the radio data, the associated white-light, Hα, extreme ultraviolet light, and soft and hard X-rays were also studied.
Resolution improvement of the molecular imaging technique based on magnetic nanoparticles

Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) based on the nonlinear interaction between internally administered magnetic nanoparticles and electromagnetic waves that externally irradiate the body has attracted attention for the early diagnosis of diseases such as cancer. In MPI, the local magnetic field distribution is scanned, and the magnetization signals are detected from the magnetic nanoparticles inside a target region. However, interference of the magnetization signals generated from the magnetic nanoparticles outside a target region due to nonlinear responses results in the degradation of image resolution. In this study, we clearly show that the degradation of image resolution is a result of the presence of even harmonics in the magnetization response of magnetic nanoparticles. We propose a new image reconstruction method for reducing these even harmonics and a correction method for suppressing the interference of the signals. This is achieved by taking into account the difference between the saturated waveform of the magnetization signal detected from the magnetic nanoparticles outside a target region and that detected from the magnetic nanoparticles inside a target region. In this study, we perform numerical analyses to prove that the image resolution in the molecular imaging technique can be improved by using our proposed image reconstruction method, which is based on the abovementioned ideas. Furthermore, a fundamental system is constructed and the numerical analyses are experimentally validated by using magnetic nanoparticles with a diameter of ~20 nm.
A kinematic search for supernova remnants in giant extragalactic H II regions

We have obtained velocity fields of the Giant H II complexes NGC 5471 in M101, NGC 2363 in NGC 2366, and the largest H II region in NGC 2403 from H-alpha observations using the TAURUS imaging Fabry-Perot interferometer. We have detected five H-alpha sources with velocity profiles which are broad when compared with the surrounding H II region. Region B in NGC 5471 has been previously determined to contain a supernova remnant by the presence of nonthermal radio continuum radiation and enhanced (O I) and (S II) emission (Skillman 1985) and broad H-alpha emission (Chu & Kennicutt 1986). Two broad H-alpha sources in NGC 2363 coincide with regions where strong splitting has been found in the (O III) line (Roy et al. 1991). Two more broad H-alpha sources have been identified in the largest H II region in NGC 2403. Very Large Array (VLA) radio continuum observations with a resolution of 2 sec at lambda(6) and lambda(20) cm of all 3 H II complexes are presented. In addition, high resolution (subarcsecond) VLA images of NGC 5471 were made at lambda(2) and lambda(6) cm. The presence of a nonthermal source in region NGC 5471 B was confirmed while region NGC 5471 A appears to be dominated by thermal emission. The nonthermal spectral index in NGC 2363 A indicates the existence of none or more supernova remnants at the position of a large velocity width source detected in H-alpha emission. No similar nonthermal sources were detected in NGC 2403 #1. Supernovae explosions and stellar winds are considered as causes for these large velocity width sources (LVWS). If the emission from the LVWSs is attributed to single supernova remnants, they are unusually luminous in both nonthermal radio continuum and H-alpha emision. The very large H-alpha luminosities could be a result of high velocity gas being ionized by the neighboring stellar cluster.
GLOBAL DYNAMICAL EQUATIONS AND LYAPUNOV EXPONENTS FROM NOISY CHAOTIC TIME SERIES

We discuss the extraction of few-parameter, global dynamical models from noisy time series of chaotic systems. In particular, we consider the class of models which are approximations to sets of dynamical equations in the reconstructed phase space. We show that certain numerical methods significantly improve the quality of the resulting models, and central to these methods is the idea of eliminating model terms which are “dynamically insignificant” and add only numerical noise. For the purposes of the paper, we quantify model quality by the rather strict measure of its ability to recover the dynamical invariants of the original system, in particular, the Lyapunov spectrum. Consequently, we also postulate that by first extracting a global model, the Lyapunov spectrum of a generating system can be recovered from time series whose noise levels are much higher than current algorithms would allow. We present several numerical examples to demonstrate the above ideas.
Synthesis and optical properties of InN nanowires and nanotubes

InN nanowires and faceted hexagonal InN nanotubes are synthesized by catalyst-free chemical vapor deposition at different temperatures. Both have the single crystalline wurtzite structure and grow along the c axis. Different growth dynamics are suggested for the difference in morphology. Observations of phonon-plasmon coupled modes in their Raman scattering suggest of high electron concentrations. Absorption edges in their optical spectra have energies slightly higher than 1eV, showing blueshifts from the fundamental band gap of ∼0.7eV, recently observed in epitaxial films. The shifts are argued to be the result of the Burstein-Moss effect.
The Hill stability of a binary or planetary system during encounters with a third inclined body

The dynamical interaction of a binary or planetary system and a third body moving on a parabolic orbit inclined to the system is discussed in terms of Hill stability for the full three-body problem. The situation arises in binary star disruption and exchange, in extrasolar planetary system disruption, exchange and capture. It is found that increasing the inclination of the third body decreases the Hill regions of stability. This makes exchange or disruption of the component masses more likely as does increasing the eccentricity of the binary. The stability criteria are applied to determine possible disruption and capture distances for currently known extrasolar planetary systems.
Coupled-resonator optical waveguides for biochemical sensing of nanoliter volumes of analyte in the terahertz region

We present a detailed study of coupled-resonator optical waveguide (CROW) based sensors for biochemical sensing. The sensitivity dependence on the CROW structure parameters, such as intercavity distance and cavity type, is investigated for the effects in the THz region of the EM spectrum of introducing small quantities of molecules, such as DNA, in the holes. Introducing the absorptive material into the low-index medium greatly affects the shape of the propagating modes of the CROW and the transmitted E-field. The shift of the resonant frequency also depends linearly on the refractive index changes for off-resonant case (dispersive effect).
HIGGS POTENTIALS FROM MULTIDIMENSIONAL YANG-MILLS THEORIES

Properties of four‐dimensional theories on M(4), obtained from multidimensional pure Yang–Mills theories on E=M(4)×S/R via coset space‐dimensional reduction, are discussed. Scalar potentials of the reduced theory for the case where S/R is a symmetric space are studied in detail. An explicit relation between extrema of these potentials and solutions of the multidimensional equations of motion (spontaneous compactification solutions) are established. Some quantum properties of the dimensionally reduced theory are also discussed.
Achieving superresolution in near-field optical data readout systems using surface plasmons

The effects of surface plasmons and enhanced transmission on the readout contrast in a superresolving near-field optical data system are studied numerically using an exact Green’s tensor formulation. It is shown that plasmon effects can both help and hinder such a readout system, and the system geometry must be chosen carefully to produce optimal effects. Under certain conditions, the system can have a readout contrast approaching 50% and a resolution of at least λ∕3.
Injectivity Sets for the Radon Transform over Circles and Complete Systems of Radial Functions

Abstract A necessary and sufficient characterization is given that specifies which sets of sums of translations of radial functions are dense in the set of continuous functions in the plane. This problem is shown to be equivalent to inversion for the Radon transform on circles centered on restricted subsets of the plane. The proofs rest on the geometry of zero sets for harmonic polynomials and the microlocal analysis of this circular Radon transform. A characterization of nodal sets for the heat and wave equation in the plane are consequences of our theorems, and questions of Pinkus and Ehrenpreis are answered.
Polymer structure modifications for immersion leaching control

ArF Immersion lithography is the most promising technology for 45nm node and possibly beyond. However, serious issues in ArF immersion lithography for semiconductor mass production still exist. One of the issues is immersion specific defects, which are caused by photoresist component leaching and residual water droplets. In order to minimize immersion specific defects, preventing water penetration into the resist film is regarded as an important factor. Several research groups have reported that higher receding contact angle reduced defectivity. High receding contact angle of film surface prevent water penetration into the resist film due to the hydrophobic nature. Resist component leaching phenomenon also can be caused by the water penetration into the film, so hydrophobic resist can reduce leaching quantity. In this paper, to investigate chemical leaching from resist surface, we evaluated the leaching value of PAG anion and contact angles of various polymers according to their hydrophobicity. Hydrophilicity of a polymer was changed by the degree of hydrophobic group substitution to polymer chain. We measured receding contact angle with four different resists composed of water-repellent functiona group. Receding contact angle of resist surface increased as the portion of water-repellent functional group increased. Also, the leaching amount of PAG anion decreased as the receding contact angle of film surface increased. We expect that higher receding contact angle prevents chemical leaching from resist film by repelling water at the surface. We will report detailed results in this paper.
Disclosure control of microdata

Abstract National statistical offices meet an increasing demand for the dissemination of microdata. This trend can be at variance with the care taken not to disclose data about individuals. Therefore, the risk of disclosure of each microdata set to be released should be assessed. If this risk is too high, measures have to be taken to protect the data set. This article describes the disclosure problem, and explains why it is a real problem. Using the concept of uniqueness, some theory is developed that can help establish the risk of identification. It turns out that useful microdata sets can only be released if some of the disclosure risks are dealt with by legal arrangements, rather than by restrictions on the data to be released.
Analysis of the Thermoelastic Deformation of Optical Surfaces

The transient solution of the thermoelastic problem of an instantaneous point source of heat on the surface of a semi-infinite solid is derived by a somewhat heuristic procedure. This solution is adapted to the case of a very thin surface film such as an aluminum reflecting film. A number of approximations are incorporated so that the surface deflection becomes inversely proportional to the product of the radial distance from the point source and the third power of the time. The proportionality constant is a thermoelastic coefficient depending on the thermal, elastic, and emissive properties of the mirror. It is estimated that nearly instantaneous point sources of the order of milliwatts are to be expected and that they result in deflections of the order of seconds of arc for aluminum and quartz. On the basis of this analysis, metal is thermoelastically at least as good as quartz for a mirror material. Pyrex is significantly inferior to both. These results essentially agree with Couder’s.
Recent developments in atomic physics for the simulation of hot plasmas

Simulations of plasmas in which atoms are not completely stripped require atomic data, like average charge, ionization energies, and radiative properties (emissivity, opacity). These depend on populations of energy levels. The basic framework for obtaining the latter is the collisional radiative model (CRM), which bridges the gap between the low-density Corona Equilibrium (CE) and Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (LTE). However, for nearly all but the simplest ions, the number of relevant bound states and cross sections is prohibitive. In this review we summarize some recent methods for handling complex ions: By focusing on an exact evaluation of relevant information and ignoring unobservable features, unresolved transition arrays (UTA) are obtained. The supertransition arrays (STA) model combines many UTAs in LTE. The STA code was recently extended to a non-LTE CRM called SCROLL. Using these models could improve radiation simulation in hot plasmas, even for simple spectra.
Hole-initiated multiplication in back-illuminated GaN avalanche photodiodes

Avalanche p-i-n photodiodes were fabricated on AlN templates for back illumination. Structures with different intrinsic layer thicknesses were tested. A critical electric field of 2.73MV∕cm was estimated from the variation of the breakdown voltage with thickness. From the device response under back and front illumination and the consequent selective injection of holes and electrons in the junction, ionization coefficients were obtained for GaN. The hole ionization coefficient was found to be higher than the electron ionization coefficient as predicted by theory. Excess multiplication noise factors were also calculated for back and front illumination, and indicated a higher noise contribution for electron injection.
Algebraic Controllability and Observability of Nonlinear Differential Algebraic Systems with Geometric Index One

The paper introduces concepts called algebraic controllability and algebraic observability for nonlinear differential algebraic systems with geometric index one. To characterize them, controllable trajectory and observable trajectory are also introduced. It is shown that every linearized algebraically controllable system along any (periodic) controllable trajectory is (uniformly) completely controllable. As a dual result, it is shown that every linearized algebraically observable system along any (periodic) observable trajectory is (uniformly) completely observable.