Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Focused ultrasound ablation surgery for multiple breast fibroadenomas: pathological and follow-up results

Abstract Objective To investigate the histopathological findings and follow-up outcome of focused ultrasound ablation surgery (FUAS) treatment of multiple fibroadenomas (FA). Methods A total of 20 patients with 101 multiple FAs were enrolled. After one session FUAS ablation, 21 lesions (≥15.0 mm) were surgically removed within one week for histopathological analysis, including 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, H&E staining, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) -flavretin enzyme staining, Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The remaining 80 lesions were followed up at 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment. Results All ablation procedures were performed successfully. Pathologic findings showed that irreversible damage of FA was confirmed. TTC, H&E and NADH staining and TEM/SEM demonstrated tumor cell death and tumor structural destruction at the gross, cellular, and subcellular levels, respectively. The median shrinkage rate at 12 months post-FUAS was 66.4 (43.6, 89.5) %. Conclusion Histopathological analysis for FAs after FUAS treatment proved that FUAS could effectively induce irreversible coagulative necrosis of FA, and the tumor volume would gradually shrink in follow-up. FUAS was safe and effective to treat multiple FAs with good cosmesis. Key points This study was the first study of detailed histopathological analysis for FAs after FUAS treatment. FUAS can effectively induce irreversible coagulative necrosis of fibroadenoma cells. FUAS ablation of multiple fibroadenomas is safe and effective.
A Novel Piecewise Linear Recursive Convolution Approach for Lorentz media Using the ADE- FDTD Method

bingkangchen@163.com Keywords: Piecewise linear recursive convolution(PLRC). Auxiliary differential equation(ADE). Finite-difference time-domain(FDTD) method. Lorentz media. Abstract: In order to study the reflection of electromagnet ic wave in Lorentz media, A novel piecewise linear recursive convolution(PLRC) method based on the auxiliary differential equation (ADE) of finite-difference time-domain(FDTD) technique is used to obtain the formulation of 2-D TM wave propagation in lossy Lorentz media. In 1-D case, the reflected coefficients calculated by the PLRC ADE-FDTD method and exact theoretical result are excellent agreement. This expresses that the 2-D formulas of electromagnetic wave propagation in lossy Lorentz media are right. Furthermore, Plane wave reflected by Lorentz media layer is calculated and simulated. Results display that reflected effect is evident.
Evaluation of parent bonding style and traumatic experiences in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: A case-control study

Background: There is no consensus about the etiology of schizophrenia (SQZ) and bipolar disorder (BD). Both hereditary and environmental factors are recognized, but the importance of variables like the role of parental attachment and trauma is still under research. Aims: Evaluate and compare the patient-parent bonding and the frequency and severity of various types of trauma in patients with SQZ, BD, and a control group from Primary Health Care. Method: This study included 50 patients with SQZ and 50 with BD followed at a psychiatric hospital, through a convenience sample. Each participant of the clinical sample was paired with a control with no psychiatric background of the same gender and similar age, from a primary health center. Two scales were applied – Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire – Short Form (CTQ-SF). Results: Regarding PBI, there was a higher frequency of the most dysfunctional attachment style (affectionless control), in patients with SQZ and BD, with p < . 001 (always), both for the father and the mother. In addition, ideal parenting style (optimal parenting) was significantly more common in control samples, with p = . 002 or <. 001, both for the father and for the mother. Trauma was more frequent and severe in SQZ and BD than controls, in all evaluated dimensions. Again, differences between groups are obvious, with p = . 012 or <. 001. Parental bonding style and scores in the care and overprotection dimensions were also correlated. The only parental bonding style in which correlations were found was in affectionless control. Correlations were more common in cases of neglect compared to abuse. Conclusions: In this research we found important differences in terms of parental attachment and childhood trauma between patients with SQZ and BD, compared with controls of the same gender and age.
Poor air quality is associated with impaired visual cognition in the first two years of life: A longitudinal investigation

Background: Poor air quality has been linked to cognitive deficits in children, but this relationship has not been examined in the first year of life when brain growth is at its peak. Methods: We measured in-home air quality focusing on particulate matter with diameter of <2.5 μm (PM2.5) and infants’ cognition longitudinally in a sample of families from rural India. Results: Air quality was poorer in homes that used solid cooking materials. Infants from homes with poorer air quality showed lower visual working memory scores at 6 and 9 months of age and slower visual processing speed from 6 to 21 months when controlling for family socio-economic status. Conclusions: Thus, poor air quality is associated with impaired visual cognition in the first two years of life, consistent with animal studies of early brain development. We demonstrate for the first time an association between air quality and cognition in the first year of life using direct measures of in-home air quality and looking-based measures of cognition. Because indoor air quality was linked to cooking materials in the home, our findings suggest that efforts to reduce cooking emissions should be a key target for intervention. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation grant OPP1164153.
Focused Vibrotactile Stimuli From a Wearable Sparse Array of Actuators

Wearable vibrotactile actuators are non-intrusive and inexpensive means to provide haptic feedback directly to the user's skin. Complex spatiotemporal stimuli can be achieved by combining multiple of these actuators, using the funneling illusion. This illusion can funnel the sensation to a particular position between the actuators, thereby creating virtual actuators. However, using the funneling illusion to create virtual actuation points is not robust and leads to sensations that are difficult to locate. We postulate that poor localization can be improved by considering the dispersion and attenuation of the wave propagation on the skin. We used the inverse filter technique to compute the delays and amplification of each frequency to correct the distortion and create sharp sensations that are easier to detect. We developed a wearable device stimulating the volar surface of the forearm composed of four independently controlled actuators. A psychophysical study involving twenty participants showed that the focused sensation improves confidence in the localization by 20% compared to the non-corrected funneling illusion. We anticipate our results to improve the control of wearable vibrotactile devices used for emotional touch or tactile communication.
Delta-kicked rotor experiments with an all-optical BEC

This thesis deals with an investigation of the chaotic dynamics of an atomoptics δ−kicked rotor (AOKR) system, a paradigm of classical and quantum chaos. The AOKR rotor is realized by subjecting a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of Rb atoms to a periodic potential. The potential in the form of a standing wave, obtained from a far detuned laser beam is turned on and off periodically in time, producing short pulses (kicks) of laser light. For certain values of the period between the kicks, resonant effects known as quantum resonances are observed that are purely quantum effects. Quantum resonances have been examined in the AOKR for a series of kicks. For large number of kicks, the width of these resonances have been shown to become narrow. Higher order resonances corresponding to fractional Talbot times have been observed in the system. These quantum resonant effects have been found to depend sensitively on the initial velocity of the atoms. The first three primary resonances have been studied in detail, by measuring the momentum distribution and the kinetic energy of the atoms, for two and four kicks. A sinusoidal dependence of the energy on the initial momentum has been observed for two kicks. By increasing the number of kicks, the system becomes extremely sensitive to the initial momentum of the atoms. For four kicks, a more complex behavior is observed in the system energy.
PPARγ inhibited tumor immune escape by inducing PD‐L1 autophagic degradation

Blockade of the programmed death 1 (PD‐1)/ programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) immune checkpoint could increase antitumor immunotherapy for multiple types of cancer, but the response rate of patients is about 10%–40%. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) plays an important role in regulating cell metabolism, inflammation, immunity, and cancer progression, while the mechanism of PPARγ on cancer cell immune escape is still unclear. Here we found that PPARγ expression exhibits a positive correlation with activation of T cells in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by clinical analysis. Deficiency of PPARγ promoted immune escape of NSCLC by inhibiting T‐cell activity, which was associated with increased PD‐L1 protein level. Further analysis showed that PPARγ reduced PD‐L1 expression independent of its transcriptional activity. PPARγ contains the microtubule‐associated protein 1A/1B‐light chain 3 (LC3) interacting region motif, which acts as an autophagy receptor for PPARγ binding to LC3, leading to degradation of PD‐L1 in lysosomes, which in turn suppresses NSCLC tumor growth by increasing T‐cell activity. These findings suggest that PPARγ inhibits the tumor immune escape of NSCLC by inducing PD‐L1 autophagic degradation.
Long‐term nitrogen deposition inhibits soil priming effects by enhancing phosphorus limitation in a subtropical forest

It is widely accepted that phosphorus (P) limits microbial metabolic processes and thus soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition in tropical forests. Global change factors like elevated atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition can enhance P limitation, raising concerns about the fate of SOC. However, how elevated N deposition affects the soil priming effect (PE) (i.e., fresh C inputs induced changes in SOC decomposition) in tropical forests remains unclear. We incubated soils exposed to 9 years of experimental N deposition in a subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest with two types of 13C‐labeled substrates of contrasting bioavailability (glucose and cellulose) with and without P amendments. We found that N deposition decreased soil total P and microbial biomass P, suggesting enhanced P limitation. In P unamended soils, N deposition significantly inhibited the PE. In contrast, adding P significantly increased the PE under N deposition and by a larger extent for the PE of cellulose (PEcellu) than the PE of glucose (PEglu). Relative to adding glucose or cellulose solely, adding P with glucose alleviated the suppression of soil microbial biomass and C‐acquiring enzymes induced by N deposition, whereas adding P with cellulose attenuated the stimulation of acid phosphatase (AP) induced by N deposition. Across treatments, the PEglu increased as C‐acquiring enzyme activity increased, whereas the PEcellu increased as AP activity decreased. This suggests that P limitation, enhanced by N deposition, inhibits the soil PE through varying mechanisms depending on substrate bioavailability; that is, P limitation regulates the PEglu by affecting soil microbial growth and investment in C acquisition, whereas regulates the PEcellu by affecting microbial investment in P acquisition. These findings provide new insights for tropical forests impacted by N loading, suggesting that expected changes in C quality and P limitation can affect the long‐term regulation of the soil PE.
Rapid Response Solar Blind Deep UV Photodetector with High Detectivity Based On Graphene:N/βGa2O3:N/GaN p‐i‐n Heterojunction Fabricated by a Reversed Substitution Growth Method

This work reports a high‐detectivity solar‐blind deep ultraviolet photodetector with a fast response speed, based on a nitrogen‐doped graphene/βGa2O3/GaN p‐i‐n heterojunction. The i layer of βGa2O3 with a Fermi level lower than the central level of the forbidden band of 0.2 eV is obtained by reversed substitution growth with oxygen replacing nitrogen in the GaN matrix, indicating the majority carrier is hole. X‐ray diffractometershows that the transformation of GaN into βGa2O3 with (−201) preferred orientation at temperature above 900 °C in an oxygen ambient. The heterojunction shows enhanced self‐powered solar blind detection ability with a response time of 3.2 µs (rise)/0.02 ms (delay) and a detectivity exceeding 1012 Jones. Under a reverse bias of −5 V, the photoresponsivity is 8.3 A W−1 with a high Ilight/Idark ratio of over 106 and a detectivity of ≈9 × 1014 Jones. The excellent performance of the device is attributed to 1) the continuous conduction band without a potential energy barrier, 2) the larger built‐in potential in the heterojunction because of the downward shift of Fermi energy level in β‐Ga2O3, and 3) an enhanced built‐in electric field in the βGa2O3 due to introducing p‐type graphene with a high hole concentration of up to ≈1020 cm−3.
Physical therapy in diabetic foot ulcer: Research progress and clinical application

Diabetes foot ulcer (DFU) is one of the most intractable complications of diabetes and is related to a number of risk factors. DFU therapy is difficult and involves long‐term interdisciplinary collaboration, causing patients physical and emotional pain and increasing medical costs. With a rising number of diabetes patients, it is vital to figure out the causes and treatment techniques of DFU in a precise and complete manner, which will assist alleviate patients' suffering and decrease excessive medical expenditure. Here, we summarised the characteristics and progress of the physical therapy methods for the DFU, emphasised the important role of appropriate exercise and nutritional supplementation in the treatment of DFU, and discussed the application prospects of non‐traditional physical therapy such as electrical stimulation (ES), and photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in the treatment of DFU based on clinical experimental records in ClinicalTrials.gov.
TRPS1 outperforms GATA3 in pleural effusions with metastatic breast carcinoma versus mesothelioma

In evaluating malignant pleural fluid cytology, metastatic adenocarcinomas and mesotheliomas are often differential diagnoses. GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) has historically been used to confirm metastatic breast carcinomas; however, GATA3 has low specificity if mesothelioma is included in differential diagnoses. Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 1 (TRPS1) protein is expressed in all types of breast carcinomas, with reported high specificity and sensitivity. We investigated the performance of TRPS1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) and compared it to GATA3 in pleural fluids diagnosed with metastatic breast carcinoma and mesothelioma.
Group augmentation underlies the evolution of complex sociality in the face of environmental instability

Significance Complex cooperative animal societies—those with large group sizes, low kin structure, and multiple breeding pairs—occur commonly in harsh and unpredictable environments. Yet, how or why such social complexity arises remains unclear. Using population dynamics models and analysis of long-term data from the superb starling, an avian cooperative breeder inhabiting a fluctuating environment on the African savanna, we provide clear empirical evidence that immigration and breeding by unrelated individuals in a social group confer direct, group augmentation benefits, leading to the rise of complex societies. Immigrants are vital to group persistence because they boost current group size and future reproductive success of the group. Ultimately, the mutual benefits of living in larger groups can maintain complex cooperative animal societies.
First observations of core-transiting seismic phases on Mars

Significance Mars has a liquid iron alloy core at its center. Using seismic data gathered by the InSight mission, we have made the first observations of seismic waves traveling through Mars’ core. We use the travel times of core-transiting seismic waves, relative to ones which remain in the mantle, to constrain properties of the core and construct the first models of the elastic properties of the entire planet. Our results are consistent with a core rich in sulfur, with smaller fractions of oxygen, carbon and hydrogen.
Association of body mass index with 30-day mortality and red blood cell transfusions in open heart surgery

Abstract OBJECTIVES Obesity is associated with increased burden of cardiovascular risk factors, morbidity and mortality. However, several studies have counterintuitively shown better outcome after cardiac surgery in obese than in normal weight patients, a phenomenon known as obesity paradox. Furthermore, obesity has been linked with decreased need of red blood cell (RBC) transfusions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of body mass index (BMI) on 30-day mortality and RBC transfusions in patients undergoing cardiac surgery, a clinically important topic with conflicting previous data. METHODS We retrospectively investigated 1691 patients who underwent coronary and/or valve or aortic root surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass between 2013 and 2016. The patients were categorized by BMI based on the World Health Organization classification. For analysis, logistic regression was used with adjustment for potential confounding factors. RESULTS Of the patients, 28.7% were normal weight, 43.3% overweight, 20.5% mildly obese and 7.5% severely obese. Thirty-day mortality was 1.9% without significant differences between the BMI groups. 41.0% of patients received RBC transfusion. Overweight [odds ratio (OR) 0.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.56–0.99, P = 0.045], mildly (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.46–0.92, P = 0.016) and severely obese (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.24–0.70, P = 0.001) patients needed less frequently RBC transfusions than patients with normal weight. CONCLUSIONS Obesity was not associated with 30-day mortality but was associated with lower use of RBC transfusions in cardiac surgery.
DNS of harmonic poijnt source disturbances in an airfoil boundary layer flow

Laminar-turbulent transition mechanisms induced by a harmonic point source disturbance in a flatplate boundary layer with adverse pressure gradient are investigated by spatial Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) based on the complete threedimensional Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible flow. A local disturbance is introduced into the two-dimensional (2-D) base flow at the wall by a harmonic point source. Thus TollmienSchlichting waves of a single frequency and a large number of obliqueness angles are stimulated and propagate downstream simultaneously, undergoing amplification by primary and subsequent instabilities, and eventually lead to breakdown of the laminar flow. The results of in-flight experiments, performed by other researchers within a joint research project (DFG-Hochschulgruppe), on a wing glove mounted on a motorglider are compared with the DNS results. The linear and non-linear development of the wave train in the boundary layer is investigated in detail by the spectral amplitude evolution and the vorticity/shear-layer dynamics.
WAVE-DAMPENED2-LIKE4 modulates the hyper-elongation of light-grown hypocotyl cells.

Light, temperature, water, and nutrient availability influence how plants grow to maximize access to resources. Axial growth, the linear extension of tissues by coordinated axial cell expansion, plays a central role in these adaptive morphological responses. Using Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) hypocotyl cells to explore axial growth control mechanisms, we investigated WAVE-DAMPENED2-LIKE4 (WDL4), an auxin-induced, microtubule-associated protein and member of the larger WDL gene family shown to modulate hypocotyl growth under changing environmental conditions. Loss-of-function wdl4 seedlings exhibited a hyper-elongation phenotype under light conditions, continuing to elongate when wild type Col-0 hypocotyls arrested and reaching 150-200% of wild type length before shoot emergence. wdl4 seedling hypocotyls showed dramatic hyper-elongation (500%) in response to temperature elevation, indicating an important role in morphological adaptation to environmental cues. WDL4 associated with microtubules under both light and dark growth conditions, and no evidence was found for altered microtubule array patterning in loss-of-function wdl4 mutants under various conditions. Examination of hormone responses showed altered sensitivity to ethylene and evidence for changes in the spatial distribution of the auxin-dependent DR5:GFP reporter. Our data provide evidence that WDL4 regulates hypocotyl cell elongation without substantial changes to microtubule array patterning, suggesting an unconventional role in axial growth control.
Spatial dimensions of water quality value in New England river networks

Significance Households’ aggregated willingness to pay (WTP) can represent much of the total economic benefit of water quality improvements to society. WTP typically depends on what improvement types occur and where. However, the ways in which spatial dimensions of water quality influence WTP are often modeled primarily with respect to where people live or iconic locations. This study shows that allowing people to interact with water quality change maps during a choice experiment survey can reveal individualized areas wherein some types of water quality improvements have particularly high value, beyond effects related to home locations. Improvements in these areas are associated with significant increases in households’ WTP. Overlooking these effects may cause researchers to undervalue some types of water quality change.