Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intact maternal buffering of stress response in infant rats despite altered responsivity towards maternal olfactory cues in the valproic acid model of autism-like behavior

Disrupted processing of social cues and altered social behaviors are among the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), and they emerge as early as the first year of life. These differences in sensory abilities may affect the ability of children with ASDs to securely attach to a caregiver and experience caregiver buffering of stress. Prenatal exposure to valproic acid (VPA) has been used to model some aspects of ASDs in rodents. Here, we asked whether prenatal VPA exposure altered infant rats’ behavioral responsivity to maternal olfactory cues in an odor preference test and affected maternal buffering of infants’ stress responsivity to shock. In the odor preference test, one-week old rats treated with VPA during pregnancy appeared to have impaired social recognition and/or may be less motivated to approach social odors in early infancy. These effects were particularly prominent in female pups. In two-week old rats, VPA-exposed pups and saline-exposed pups showed similar preferences for home cage bedding. Although VPA-exposed pups may initially have a deficit in this attachment-related behavior they do recover typical responses to home cage bedding in later infancy. Both control and VPA-exposed pups showed robust stress hormone responses to repeated shocks, an effect which was blocked when a calm mother was present during shock exposure. No sex differences in the effect of maternal presence on the stress response to shock and no interactions between sex and prenatal drug exposure were observed. Although VPA-exposed pups may show impaired responsivity to maternal cues in early infancy, maternal presence is still capable of regulating the stress response in VPA-exposed pups. In this study we demonstrate the importance of utilizing multiple batteries of tests in assessing behavior, dissecting the behavior on one test into different components. Our results inform about the underlying behavioral characteristics of some of the ASD phenotypes, including sex differences reported by clinical studies, and could shed light on potential opportunities for intervention.
Long-term temperature trend in Kamchatka supports expansion of harmful algae

Ocean coastal ecosystems are changing, and global shifts in temperature lead to the expansion and intensification of harmful algae. In conjunction with anthropogenic effects it may result in future exacerbation of harmful algal blooms. Here we use the 2002-2020 years record of surface ocean temperature data retrieved from Sentinel-2 satellite to examine the recent temperature trend in Avacha Bay, Kamchatka Peninsula. Satellite analysis demonstrated a temperature increase trend in ocean surface water during spring and summer months and detected algal bloom in July 2020 preceding a mass death of marine benthic life in September-October 2020. Using 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA gene amplicon nanopore-based sequencing, we analyzed microbial and microalgal communities in the water samples from area of 2020 algal blooms. Our results suggest the presence of potentially toxic and bloom-forming algae from genera related to former HABs (harmful algal blooms) in the Avacha Bay region. A better understanding of the potentially toxic algae phytoplankton composition in the shifting temperature environment and time-series monitoring of HABs is of utmost importance for scientific community. We suggest that satellite analysis in combination with eDNA monitoring by nanopore-based sequencing represents promising option to detect potentially toxic algae and follow bloom development.
Modeling phytoplankton-zooplankton interactions: opportunities for species richness and challenges for modern coexistence theory

Many potential mechanisms can sustain biodiversity, but we know little about their relative importance. To compare multiple mechanisms, we modeled a two-trophic planktonic food-web based on mechanistic species interactions and empirically measured species traits. We simulated thousands of communities under realistic and altered trait distributions to assess the relative importance of three potential drivers of species richness: resource competition, predator-prey interactions, and trait trade-offs. Next, we computed niche and fitness differences of competing zooplankton to obtain a deeper understanding of how these mechanisms limit species richness. We found that predator-prey interactions were the most important driver of species richness and that fitness differences were a better predictor of species richness than niche differences. However, for many communities we could not apply modern coexistence theory to compute niche and fitness differences due to complications arising from trophic interactions. We therefore need to expand modern coexistence theory to investigate multi-trophic communities.
CAS 2.0: Evolução e Automação do Checklist de Avaliação do Scrum para Projetos de Software

Resumo. Este trabalho propõe uma evolução e automação de um checklist já existente, denominado Checklist de Avaliação do Scrum (CAS), componente do Agile DMAIC, que é um método para avaliar e melhorar o uso do Scrum em projetos de software. Com o CAS, e possível avaliar a abrangência do Scrum nos projetos e identificar melhorias. A evolução apresentada neste artigo visa ampliar a inspeção de princípios e práticas ágeis, e foi realizada de forma sistemática. A automação possibilita que o CAS consolide a visão das equipes sobre o Scrum e forneça resultados em tempo real, a partir de um preenchimento online. Para avaliar o CAS 2.0, ele foi aplicado em quinze projetos reais e seus resultados são também discutidos neste artigo. Abstract. This paper proposes an evolution and automation of an existing checklist, called Scrum Assessment Checklist (CAS), component of Agile DMAIC, which is a
Specification for Instrumentation: data acquisition and control system for SSG pilot plant at Kvitsøy : Norway

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Confucian Value of Life and Its Significance for Undergraduates in Life Education

At present,the life education of college students in China is paid increasing attention by the public,but most of the achievement of the theory and its resources ware draw on the western life education.Confucianism has been the mainstream of China’s traditional ideology and culture which has been spread for thousands of years.It accumulates a wealth of ideological value to modernist,but also contains a lot of directive life experience for today’s society.It also helps promote the localization of student’s life education.Undergraduates in China may benefit a lot from it in terms of grown-up or future development if they are willing to mine life thinking resources from it.
Closing the gap

Abstract: Social determinants of health have a significant impact on individual and community health outcomes. Using an integrated behavioral health model at a primary care clinic—a Federally Qualified Health Center—NPs led an interdisciplinary team to address outcome measures that are influenced by social determinants of health. Social determinants of health have a significant impact on individual and community health outcomes. Using an integrated behavioral health model at a primary care clinic—a Federally Qualified Health Center—NPs led an interdisciplinary team to address outcome measures that are influenced by social determinants of health.
Coagulation in pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A systematic review of studies shows lack of standardized reporting

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) involves complex coagulation management and frequent hemostatic complications. ECMO practice between centers is variable. To compare results between coagulation studies, standardized definitions and clear documentation of ECMO practice is essential. We assessed how study population, outcome definitions, and ECMO‐, coagulation‐, and transfusion‐related parameters were described in pediatric ECMO studies.
Radiocarbon as a Dating Tool and Tracer in Paleoceanography

Radiocarbon is an extremely useful carbon cycle tracer and radiometric dating tool. Here, we review the main principles and challenges involved in the use of radiocarbon in paleoceanography. First, we present a conceptual framework in which there are three possible uses of a radiocarbon measurement: (a) to obtain a calendar age interval, or a fossil entity's age; (b) to obtain an estimate of a carbon reservoir's past radiocarbon activity; or (c) to compare the relative radiocarbon activities of two contemporary carbon reservoirs. We discuss the analysis of marine fossil material, the generation of an atmospheric reference curve, and the interpretation of marine radiocarbon “ventilation metrics” in relation to this reference curve. It is emphasized that marine radiocarbon integrates the influences of: changing radiocarbon production; air‐sea gas exchange effects at the sea surface; transport times within the ocean interior; and the mixing of water parcels with different transit times from the sea surface, and different sea‐surface sources. These controls are what make radiocarbon such a powerful paleoceanographic tracer, though the difficulty of disentangling them is what makes marine radiocarbon dating and tracer studies so challenging. We discuss the implementation of radiocarbon in numerical models, and explore the theory linking ocean‐atmosphere partitioning of radiocarbon and CO2. Finally, we review existing records of marine radiocarbon variability over the last ∼25,000 years, which highlight the influence of ocean‐atmosphere carbon exchange on past atmospheric CO2 and climate, and point to emerging opportunities for resolving the global radiocarbon‐ and carbon budgets over the last glacial cycle.
Audemes: Exploring the Market Potential of a Sound Based Educational Tool

An Audeme is a 3-5 second non-speech sound that is used to transmit information aurally. Originally created and tested at the Indiana School for the Blind and Visually Impaired by Dr. Steve Manheimmer, Audemes were used as an educational tool that was proven to increase memory retention. The goal for this project is to expand the scope of the project from a BVI market to the larger market of sighted individuals. Specifically, we aim to further our understanding of Audemes by applying it to one specific application, including gaming and productivity. The project has consisted of a literature review of Audemes and its possible market applications; interviews with industry experts, including start-up specialists and lastly, a survey of sound app markets on both Android and Apple to determine profitable market segments. Finally, students at IUPUI will be surveyed to determine the entertainment value and usability of AUDEMES with a sighted audience. Through this proof of concept, we will determine the most profitable area for Audemes development. After establishing this, the future medical prospects could include rehabilitation of individuals with brain damage, use in speech therapy, and use in Alzheimer's patients to slow deterioration of neural tissue. Additionally, this could be used in the emerging e-book market as well as an educational tool for better memory retention.
Nonlinear dynamics, resilience, and regime shifts in aquatic communities and ecosystems: an overview

David A. Seekell , Michael L. Pace ,* James B. Heffernan , Sally J. Holbrook 4 Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California
Sporadic Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: Towards a Precision Medicine

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a neuroendocrine malignant tumor originating from parafollicular C-cells producing calcitonin. Most of cases (75%) are sporadic while the remaining (25%) are hereditary. In these latter cases medullary thyroid carcinoma can be associated (multiple endocrine neoplasia type IIA and IIB) or not (familial medullary thyroid carcinoma), with other endocrine diseases such as pheochromocytoma and/or hyperparathyroidism. RET gene point mutation is the main molecular alteration involved in MTC tumorigenesis, both in sporadic and in hereditary cases. Total thyroidectomy with prophylactic/therapeutic central compartment lymph nodes dissection is the initial treatment of choice. Further treatments are needed according to tumor burden and rate of progression. Surgical treatments and local therapies are advocated in the case of single or few local or distant metastasis and slow rate of progression. Conversely, systemic treatments should be initiated in cases with large metastatic and rapidly progressive disease. In this review, we discuss the details of systemic treatments in advanced and metastatic sporadic MTC, focusing on multikinase inhibitors, both those already used in clinical practice and under investigation, and on emerging treatments such as highly selective RET inhibitors and radionuclide therapy.
Porcine Models of the Intestinal Microbiota: The Translational Key to Understanding How Gut Commensals Contribute to Gastrointestinal Disease

In the United States, gastrointestinal disorders account for in excess of $130 billion in healthcare expenditures and 22 million hospitalizations annually. Many of these disorders, including necrotizing enterocolitis of infants, obesity, diarrhea, and inflammatory bowel disease, are associated with disturbances in the gastrointestinal microbial composition and metabolic activity. To further elucidate the pathogenesis of these disease syndromes as well as uncover novel therapies and preventative measures, gastrointestinal researchers should consider the pig as a powerful, translational model of the gastrointestinal microbiota. This is because pigs and humans share striking similarities in their intestinal microbiota as well as gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology. The introduction of gnotobiotic pigs, particularly human-microbial associated pigs, has already amplified our understanding of many gastrointestinal diseases that have detrimental effects on human health worldwide. Continued utilization of these models will undoubtedly inform translational advancements in future gastrointestinal research and potential therapeutics.
Djupstudie: Big Ball of Mud - Technical debt and large refactorings Coaching av programvaruteam

Technical debt är den “skuld” utvecklare tar på sig genom att undvika refaktoriseringar. Så småningom måste skulden betalas tillbaka för att fortsatt utveckling skall kunna vara möjlig. För att motverka dessa problem bör utvecklare kontinuerligt refaktorisera programkoden, det vill säga rätta till och förbättra bristande delar av mjukvaran. Ibland kan det emellertid uppstå situationer där det är praktiskt gynnsamt att skapa snabba men bristande lösningar. Big Ball of Mud är ett begrepp som beskriver en situation där mjukvarans struktur befinner sig i ett oordnat och svårhanterligt tillstånd. Det finns flera anledningar till varför detta tillstånd ofta uppstår vid något tillfälle under utvecklingen av en mjukvara. För att lösa omfattande problem med strukturen måste en stor refaktorisering genomföras. Detta innebär ibland att övrig utveckling måste stoppas medan refaktoriseringen pågår. Vid stora refaktoriseringar kan det vara svårt att refaktorisera enligt förutbestämda mönster. Särskilda åtgärder måste vidtas för att kunna strukturera om systemet på ett bra sätt. Eventuellt blir utvecklarna tvungna att återskapa en ny modell av systemet (reverse engineering) för att kunna identifiera brister enligt designprinciperna. Därefter kan en ny modell tas fram (reengineering) som bättre lämpar sig för fortsatt utveckling. Innehållsförteckning 1 Inledning 1.1 Technical debt 1.2 Metod 1.3 Kort om resultaten 1.4 Språk 2 Utvecklingsmetoder 2.1 Refaktorisering 2.2 Design med agil inriktning 2.3 Äldre utvecklingsmetoder 3 Designprinciper 3.1 Gör rätt från början 3.2 Design smells 3.3 Designprinciper 3.4 Big ball of mud 4 Studie 4.1 Stora refaktoriseringar 4.2 Reverseand reengineering 4.3 Enkät 4.4 Resultat 5 Slutsats
Molecular Epidemiology and Colistin-Resistant Mechanism of mcr-Positive and mcr-Negative Escherichia coli Isolated From Animal in Sichuan Province, China

Colistin is the last line of defense for the treatment of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections. However, colistin resistance is gradually increasing worldwide, with resistance commonly regulated by two-component system and mcr gene. Thus, this study aimed to investigate molecular epidemiology and colistin-resistant mechanism of mcr-positive and mcr-negative Escherichia coli isolates from animal in Sichuan Province, China. In this study, a total of 101 colistin-resistant E. coli strains were isolated from 300 fecal samples in six farms in Sichuan Province. PCR was used to detect mcr gene (mcr-1 to mcr-9). The prevalence of mcr-1 in colistin-resistant E. coli was 53.47% (54/101), and the prevalence of mcr-3 in colistin-resistant E. coli was 10.89% (11/101). The colistin-resistant E. coli and mcr-1–positive E. coli showed extensive antimicrobial resistance profiles. For follow-up experiments, we used 30 mcr-negative and 30 mcr-1–positive colistin-resistant E. coli isolates and E. coli K-12 MG1655 model strain. Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) of 30 strains carrying mcr-1 as detected by PCR identified revealed six strains (20%) of ST10 and three strains (10%) of each ST206, ST48, and ST155 and either two (for ST542 and 2539) or just one for all other types. The conjugation experiment and plasmid replicon type analysis suggest that mcr-1 was more likely to be horizontally transferred and primarily localized on IncX4-type and IncI2-type plasmid. The ST diversity of the mcr-1 indicated a scattered and non-clonal spreading in mcr-1–positive E. coli. Twenty-eight mcr-negative colistin-resistant E. coli isolates carried diverse amino acid alterations in PmrA, PmrB, PhoP, PhoQ, and MgrB, whereas no mutation was found in the remaining isolates. The finding showed the high prevalence of colistin resistance in livestock farm environments in Sichuan Province, China. Our study demonstrates that colistin resistance is related to chromosomal point mutations including the two-component systems PhoP/PhoQ, PmrA/PmrB, and their regulators MgrB. These point mutations may confer colistin resistance in mcr-negative E. coli. These findings help in gaining insight of chromosomal-encoded colistin resistance in E. coli.
Functional Brain Connections Identify Sensorineural Hearing Loss and Predict the Outcome of Cochlear Implantation

Identification of congenital sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and early intervention, especially by cochlear implantation (CI), are crucial for restoring hearing in patients. However, high accuracy diagnostics of SNHL and prognostic prediction of CI are lacking to date. To diagnose SNHL and predict the outcome of CI, we propose a method combining functional connections (FCs) measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and machine learning. A total of 68 children with SNHL and 34 healthy controls (HC) of matched age and gender were recruited to construct classification models for SNHL and HC. A total of 52 children with SNHL that underwent CI were selected to establish a predictive model of the outcome measured by the category of auditory performance (CAP), and their resting-state fMRI images were acquired. After the dimensional reduction of FCs by kernel principal component analysis, three machine learning methods including the support vector machine, logistic regression, and k-nearest neighbor and their voting were used as the classifiers. A multiple logistic regression method was performed to predict the CAP of CI. The classification model of voting achieves an area under the curve of 0.84, which is higher than that of three single classifiers. The multiple logistic regression model predicts CAP after CI in SNHL with an average accuracy of 82.7%. These models may improve the identification of SNHL through fMRI images and prognosis prediction of CI in SNHL.
Advances in Irradiated Livestock Vaccine Research and Production Addressing the Unmet Needs for Farmers and Veterinary Services in FAO/IAEA Member States

The Animal Production and Health section (APH) of the Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture at the International Atomic Energy Agency has over the last 58 years provided technical and scientific support to more than 100 countries through co-ordinated research activities and technical co-operation projects in peaceful uses of nuclear technologies. A key component of this support has been the development of irradiated vaccines targeting diseases that are endemic to participating countries. APH laboratories has over the last decade developed new techniques and has put in place a framework that allows researchers from participating member states to develop relevant vaccines targeting local diseases while using irradiation as a tool for improving livestock resources.
Genome-Wide Identification of the AP2/ERF Gene Family and Functional Analysis of GmAP2/ERF144 for Drought Tolerance in Soybean

Drought is a major environmental constraint that causes substantial reductions in plant growth and yield. Expression of stress-related genes is largely regulated by transcription factors (TFs), including in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ]. In this study, 301 GmAP2/ERF genes that encode TFs were identified in the soybean genome. The TFs were divided into five categories according to their homology. Results of previous studies were then used to select the target gene GmAP2/ERF144 from among those up-regulated by drought and salt stress in the transcriptome. According to respective tissue expression analysis and subcellular determination, the gene was highly expressed in leaves and encoded a nuclear-localized protein. To validate the function of GmAP2/ERF144, the gene was overexpressed in soybean using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Compared with wild-type soybean, drought resistance of overexpression lines increased significantly. Under drought treatment, leaf relative water content was significantly higher in overexpressed lines than in the wild-type genotype, whereas malondialdehyde content and electrical conductivity were significantly lower than those in the wild type. Thus, drought resistance of transgenic soybean increased with overexpression of GmAP2/ERF144. To understand overall function of the gene, network analysis was used to predict the genes that interacted with GmAP2/ERF144. Reverse-transcription quantitative PCR showed that expression of those interacting genes in two transgenic lines was 3 to 30 times higher than that in the wild type. Therefore, GmAP2/ERF144 likely interacted with those genes; however, that conclusion needs to be verified in further specific experiments.