Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evolution of Influence Ranges of Neolithic-Bronze Age Cities in the Songshan Mountain Region of Central China Based on GIS Spatial Analysis

Exploring the influence range of early cities is significant for understanding the mechanisms behind ancient settlement systems and human-environment interactions. Due to a lack of effective research methods, the evolution processes and impact mechanisms of the influence ranges of prehistoric cities are still ambiguous. In this study, we chose the Songshan Mountain region for research, which witnessed the origin and development of Chinese civilization. Using GIS spatial analyses such as the ‘average nearest neighbor’ and ‘Thiessen polygon’, we explored the spatial-temporal distributions and influence ranges of Neolithic-Bronze Age cities in the region. The roles of human culture and the natural environment in the process were also investigated. The results indicated that the spatial distributions of early cities were random during the Yangshao (7000–5000 BP) and Longshan (5000–4000 BP) cultures. During the Erlitou culture (3800–3500 BP) and Shang Dynasty (3600–3046 BP), the spatial distributions changed into dispersed models. During the Zhou Dynasty (3046–2256 BP), the spatial distribution model was random again. Correspondingly, the influence range of early cities during the Erlitou culture is the largest, followed by those of the Longshan culture, Yangshao culture, Shang Dynasty, and Zhou Dynasty. This is different from the conventional view that the ancient city’s influence range continuously expands as time advances. Both the natural environment and human culture are believed to impact this evolutional process. Specifically, the Holocene climate variation and the consequent cyclic river downcutting and silting affect the city site selection and thus the spatial-temporal distribution and influence range of early cities. The enfeoffment system occurring during the Erlitou culture should also have played a vital role in this evolution. In general, the natural environment is more important for the spatial distribution and influence range of early cities during Yangshao, Longshan, and Erlitou cultures, while human culture represented by the enfeoffment system plays a dominant role during Shang and Zhou Dynasties when the natural environment is relatively stable.
Isolated black holes without 
Z2
 isometry

A mechanism to construct asymptotically flat, isolated, stationary black hole (BH) spacetimes with no $\mathbb{Z}_2$ (No$\mathbb{Z}$) isometry is described. In particular, the horizon geometry of such No$\mathbb{Z}$ BHs does not have the usual north-south (reflection) symmetry. We discuss two explicit families of models wherein No$\mathbb{Z}$ BHs arise. In one of these families, we exhibit the intrinsic horizon geometry of an illustrative example by isometrically embedding it in Euclidean 3-space, resulting in an "egg-like" shaped horizon. This asymmetry leaves an imprint in the No$\mathbb{Z}$ BH phenomenology, for instance in its lensing of light; but it needs not be manifest in the BH shadow, which in some cases can be analytically shown to retain a $\mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetry. Light absorption and scattering due to an isotropic source surrounding a No$\mathbb{Z}$ BH endows it with a non-zero momentum, producing an asymmetry triggered BH rocket effect.
Simulations of ground state fluctuations in mean-field Ising spin glasses

The scaling of fluctuations in the distribution of ground state energies or costs with the system size N for Ising spin glasses is considered using an extensive set of simulations with the extremal optimization heuristic across a range of different models on sparse and dense graphs. These models exhibit very diverse behaviors, and an asymptotic extrapolation is often complicated by higher-order corrections in size. The clearest picture, in fact, emerges from the study of graph bipartitioning, a combinatorial optimization problem closely related to spin glasses. Asides from two-spin interactions with discrete bonds, we also consider problems with Gaussian bonds and three-spin interactions, which behave quite differently.
PREPARING FOR AN EXPLOSION: HYDRODYNAMIC INSTABILITIES AND TURBULENCE IN PRESUPERNOVAE

Both observations and numerical simulations are discordant with predictions of conventional stellar evolution codes for the latest stages of a massive star's life before core collapse. The most dramatic example of this disconnect is in the eruptive mass loss occurring in the decade preceding Type IIn supernovae. We outline the key empirical evidence that indicates severe pre-supernova instability in massive stars, and we suggest that the chief reason that these outbursts are absent in stellar evolution models may lie in the treatment of turbulent convection in these codes. The mixing length theory that is used ignores (1) finite amplitude fluctuations in velocity and temperature and (2) their nonlinear interaction with nuclear burning. Including these fluctuations is likely to give rise to hydrodynamic instabilities in the latest burning sequences, which prompts us to discuss a number of far-reaching implications for the fates of massive stars. In particular, we explore connections to enhanced pre-supernova mass loss, unsteady nuclear burning and consequent eruptions, swelling of the stellar radius that may trigger violent interactions with a companion star, and potential modifications to the core structure that could dramatically alter calculations of the core-collapse explosion mechanism itself. These modifications may also impact detailed nucleosynthesis and measured isotopic anomalies in meteorites, as well as the interpretation of young core-collapse supernova remnants. Understanding these critical instabilities in the final stages of evolution may make possible the development of an early warning system for impending core collapse, if we can identify their asteroseismological or eruptive signatures.
Lepton flavour violating slepton decays to test type‐I and II seesaw at the LHC

Searches at the LHC of lepton flavour violation (LFV) in slepton decays can indirectly test both type‐I and II seesaw mechanisms. Assuming universal flavour‐blind boundary conditions, LFV in the neutrino sector is related to LFV in the slepton sector by means of the renormalization group equations. Ratios of LFV slepton decay rates result to be a very effective way to extract the imprint left by the neutrino sector. Some neutrino scenarios within the type‐I seesaw mechanism are studied. Moreover, for both type‐I and II seesaw mechanisms, a scan over the minimal super‐gravity parameter space is performed to estimate how large LFV slepton decay rates can be, while respecting current low‐energy constraints.
OH emission from warm and dense gas in the Orion Bar PDR

As part of a far-infrared (FIR) spectral scan with Herschel/PACS, we present the first detection of the hydroxyl radical (OH) towards the Orion Bar photodissociation region (PDR). Five OH (X 2 Π; ν = 0) rotational Λ-doublets involving energy levels out to Eu/k ∼ 511 K have been detected (at ∼65, ∼79, ∼84, ∼119 and ∼163 μm). The total intensity of the OH lines is � I(OH) � 5 × 10 −4 erg s −1 cm −2 sr −1 . The observed emission of rotationally excited OH lines is extended and correlates well with the high-J CO and CH + J = 3−2 line emission (but apparently not with water vapour), pointing towards a common origin. Nonlocal, nonLTE radiative transfer models including excitation by the ambient FIR radiation field suggest that OH arises in a small filling factor component of warm (Tk � 160–220 K) and dense (nH � 10 6−7 cm −3 ) gas with source-averaged OH column densities of 10 15 cm −2 . High density and temperature photochemical models predict such enhanced OH columns at low depths (AV 1) and small spatial scales (∼10 15 cm), where OH formation is driven by gas-phase endothermic reactions of atomic oxygen with molecular hydrogen. We interpret the extended OH emission as coming from unresolved structures exposed to far-ultraviolet (FUV) radiation near the Bar edge (photoevaporating clumps or filaments) and not from the lower density “interclump” medium. Photodissociation leads to OH/H2O abundance ratios (>1) much higher than those expected in equally warm regions without enhanced FUV radiation fields.
Negligible photodesorption of methanol ice and active photon-induced desorption of its irradiation products

Context. Methanol is a common component of interstellar and circumstellar ice mantles and is often used as an evolution indicator in star-forming regions. The observations of gas-phase methanol in the interiors of dense molecular clouds at temperatures as low as 10 K suggest that non-thermal ice desorption must be active. Ice photodesorption has been proposed to explain the abundances of gas-phase molecules toward the coldest regions. Aims. Laboratory experiments were performed to investigate the potential photodesorption of methanol toward the coldest regions. Methods. Solid methanol was deposited at 8 K and UV-irradiated at various temperatures starting from 8 K. The irradiation of the ice was monitored by means of infrared spectroscopy and the molecules in the gas phase were detected using quadrupole mass spectroscopy. Fully deuterated methanol was used for confirmation of the results. Results. The photodesorption of methanol to the gas phase was not observed in the mass spectra at different irradiation temperatures. We estimate an upper limit of 3 × 10 -5 molecules per incident photon. On the other hand, photon-induced desorption of the main photoproducts was clearly observed. Conclusions. The negligible photodesorption of methanol could be explained by the ability of UV-photons in the 114−180 nm (10.87−6.88 eV) range to dissociate this molecule efficiently. Therefore, the presence of gas-phase methanol in the absence of thermal desorption remains unexplained. On the other hand, we find CH 4 to desorb from irradiated methanol ice, which was not found to desorb in the pure CH 4 ice irradiation experiments.
An analysis of indeterminate points in discrete integrable system

We investigate indeterminate points in discrete integrable system. They appear in singularity confinement phenomenon naturally. We develop a method to analyse indeterminate points of dynamical maps and using this method we clarify behaviour of indeterminate points of some integrable maps. As a result, (1) we determine their indeterminacy, (2) find they are `confined' by the map, and (3) obtain a periodicity condition of the map from indeterminate point. Finally, we propose a new type of entropy using the indeterminacy in conclusion.
THE ENIGMATIC AND EPHEMERAL M DWARF SYSTEM KOI 6705: CHESHIRE CAT OR WILD GOOSE?

We confirm a 0.995 day periodic planetary transit-like signal, KOI 6705.01, in the Kepler light curve of the star KIC 6423922. Optical and infrared spectra show that this star is a mid M-type dwarf with an effective temperature = 3327 ± 60 ? > K, metallicity [Fe/H] = −0.08 ± 0.10, radius = 0.31 ± 0.03 ? > R⊙, and mass = 0.28 ± 0.05M⊙. The star is ≈ 70 ? > pc away and its space motion, rotation period, and lack of Hα emission indicate it is an older member of the “thin disk” population. On the other hand, the star exhibits excess infrared emission suggesting a dust disk more typical of a very young star. If the KOI 6705.01 signal is produced by a planet, the transit depth of 60 ppm means its radius is only 0.26 − 0.029 + 0.034 ? > R⊕, or about the size of the Moon. However, the duration ( ≳ 3 ? > hr) and time variation of KOI 6705.01 are anomalous: the signal was undetected in the first two years of the mission and increased through the latter two years. These characteristics require implausible orbits and material properties for any planet and rule out such an explanation, although a dust cloud is possible. We excluded several false positive scenarios including background stars, scattered light from stars that are nearby on the sky, and electronic cross-talk between detector readout channels. We find the most likely explanation to be that KOI 6705.01 is a false positive created by charge transfer inefficiency in a detector column on which KIC 6423922 and a 1.99 day eclipsing binary both happened to fall.
Quantum Geometry and Interferometry

All existing experimental results are currently interpreted using classical geometry. However, there are theoretical reasons to suspect that at a deeper level, geometry emerges as an approximate macroscopic behavior of a quantum system at the Planck scale. If directions in emergent quantum geometry do not commute, new quantum-geometrical degrees of freedom can produce detectable macroscopic deviations from classicality: spatially coherent, transverse position indeterminacy between any pair of world lines, with a displacement amplitude much larger than the Planck length. Positions of separate bodies are entangled with each other, and undergo quantum-geometrical fluctuations that are not describable as metric fluctuations or gravitational waves. These fluctuations can either be cleanly identified or ruled out using interferometers. A Planck-precision test of the classical coherence of space-time on a laboratory scale is now underway at Fermilab.
XMM-Newton discovery of a possible cyclotron emission feature from the SFXT IGR J18483¡0311

We report the results from an archival XMM-Newtonobservation of the Supergiant Fast X-ray Transient (SFXT) IGR J18483i0311 during its apastron passage. The measured 0.5‐10 keV luminosity state (1.3×10 33 erg s i1 ) is the lowest ever reported in the literature, it is best fitt ed by an absorbed black body model yielding parameters consistent with previous measurements. In addition, we find evidence of an emission line feature at »3.3 keV in the 0.5‐10 keV EPIC-pn source spectrum. We show that its physical explanation in terms of atomic emission line appears unlikely and conversely we attempt to ascribe it to an electr on cyclotron emission line which would implies a neutron star magnetic field of the order of »3×10 11 G. A possible hint of the first harmonic is also found. If firmly confirmed by future long er X-ray observations, this would be the first detection ever of a cyclotron feature in the X-ray spectrum of a SFXT, with important implications on theoretical models.
Sparse Recovery of Finite Alphabet Signals Using AMP and Its Application in DoA Estimation

This study presents an approximate message passing (AMP)-based method for the reconstruction of sparse signals from multiple measurement vectors. Recently, Ziniel and Schniter have provided a general analysis of the AMP algorithm. They have assumed that the nonzero elements of the sparse signals have Gaussian distribution. This article extends their proposed method to the case that the nonzero elements of sparse vectors are chosen from a discrete finite alphabet. Therefore, the proposed algorithm is called approximate message passing with finite alphabet. Based on this assumption, the passing messages have been derived and the scheduling of the algorithm has been proposed using a three-step strategy. As an application, direction of arrival (DoA) estimation of digitally modulated signals is examined using simulations. The obtained results revealed that the proposed method would improve the DoA estimation accuracy compared to the conventional methods.
Numerical Simulation and Application of Transient Electromagnetic Detection Method in Mine Water-Bearing Collapse Column Based on Time-Domain Finite Element Method

Mine floods caused by water-bearing collapse columns are one of the most significant types of coal mine disasters in advanced detection. The transient electromagnetic method (TEM), one of the most effective means, can detect the collapse column in coal mines. However, the research on TEM used on the ground is mainly limited to half-space that does not follow underground mining conditions. This research used the whole-space TEM to detect the water-bearing collapse columns in front of the roadway. Based on the time-domain finite element method (TDFEM) and actual coal-measure strata data, this paper built the whole-space geo-electric models, summarized response characteristics, and proposed “geometric gravity center” effect. The results showed that the simulation based on TDFEM could accurately reflect the TEM response law, and the advanced detection using TEM in a mine environment was consistent with the actual situation.
1343 Antitumor effect of DA-4507, a novel GCN2 inhibitor as an immunotherapy in the tumor microenvironment

Background General control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) kinase is an integrated stress response (ISR) kinase that responds to amino acid deficiency. 1 Activation of GCN2 in tumor microenvironment (TME), where nutrients are scarce, leads to suppression of immune system and upregulation of translation of proteins for amino acid replenishment. 2 In this study, it was investigated whether immune cells whose function was suppressed in the tumor microenvironment were recovered through selective pharmacological inhibition of GCN2 and whether antitumor effects were exhibited through this. Also, inhibition effects of the tumor intrinsic signaling of GCN2 was evaluated using several cancer cell lines. Taken together, we have shown that inhibition of GCN2 activity could exert anti-tumor efficacy in various ways in the tumor environment. Methods We have discovered a novel small molecule GCN2 inhibitor, DA-4507, that is highly potent and selective in vitro . Recovery of effector T cell function and macrophage polarization by DA-4507 were evaluated using mouse primary immune cells under tryptophan-deprived condition. T cell res-cue was evaluated using co-culture system with MDSCs accu-mulated in tumor tissues of syngeneic mouse model. Tumor-intrinsic activities were validated in vitro in human leukemia, melanoma, breast cancer, and colorectal cancer cell lines. Also, antitumor effects of DA-4507 were evaluated in the murine syngeneic colorectal, breast cancer and human xenograft leukemia models. Results exhibited high potency (IC50=5
Women and youth unemployment in Western Balkans with particular focus on Kosovo

Using the secondary data from Eurostat, World Bank, SEE Jobs Gateway Database and Kosovo Agency of Statistics labour source survey results the authors investigate female and youth unemployment as well as the level of inactivity in the labour market of Western Balkans with a particular focus on Kosovo. The results indicate that in Kosovo the unemployment rate remains the highest among Western Balkan countries. Whereas the unemployment rate of women and youth in Kosovo is even higher, presenting one of the main challenges and concerns for the country. The authors conclude by providing recommendations, which include implementing appropriate policies in order to decrease the unemployment rate, and the share of economically inactive women and youth by encouraging them to register as active job seekers or attend entrepreneurship training to gain the knowledge and skills needed to start a business.
THE COMPLETE ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRUM OF THE ARCHETYPAL “WIND-DOMINATED” QUASAR MRK 231: ABSORPTION AND EMISSION FROM A HIGH-SPEED DUSTY NUCLEAR OUTFLOW

New near- and far-ultraviolet (NUV and FUV) Hubble Space Telescope spectra of Mrk 231, the nearest quasar known, are combined with ground-based optical spectra to study the remarkable dichotomy between the FUV and NUV–optical spectral regions in this object. The FUV emission-line features are faint, broad, and highly blueshifted (up to ∼7000 km s−1), with no significant accompanying absorption. In contrast, the profiles of the NUV absorption features resemble those of the optical Na i D, He i, and Ca ii H and K lines, exhibiting broad blueshifted troughs that overlap in velocity space with the FUV emission-line features and indicate a dusty, high-density and patchy broad absorption line (BAL) screen covering ∼90% of the observed continuum source at a distance ≲2–20 pc. The FUV continuum emission does not show the presence of any obvious stellar features and is remarkably flat compared with the steeply declining NUV continuum. The NUV (FUV) features and continuum emission have not varied significantly over the past ∼22 (3) years and are unresolved on scales ∼40 (170) pc. These results favor an active galactic nucleus origin for the NUV–FUV line and continuum emission. The observed FUV line emission is produced in the outflowing BAL cloud system, while the Balmer lines arise primarily from the standard broad line region seen through the dusty BAL screen. Our data are inconsistent with the recently proposed binary black hole model. We argue instead that Mrk 231 is the nearest example of weak-lined “wind-dominated” quasars with high Eddington ratios and geometrically thick (“slim”) accretion disks; these quasars are likely more common in the early universe.
Feasibility of track-based multiple scattering tomography

We present a tomographic technique making use of a gigaelectronvolt electron beam for the determination of the material budget distribution of centimeter-sized objects by means of simulations and measurements. In both cases, the trajectory of electrons traversing a sample under test is reconstructed using a pixel beam-telescope. The width of the deflection angle distribution of electrons undergoing multiple Coulomb scattering at the sample is estimated. Basing the sinogram on position-resolved estimators enables the reconstruction of the original sample using an inverse radon transform. We exemplify the feasibility of this tomographic technique via simulations of two structured cubes—made of aluminium and lead—and via an in-beam measured coaxial adapter. The simulations yield images with FWHM edge resolutions of (177 ± 13) μm and a contrast-to-noise ratio of 5.6 ± 0.2 (7.8 ± 0.3) for aluminium (lead) compared to air. The tomographic reconstruction of a coaxial adapter serves as experimental evidence of th.
On Serendipitous Campus Meetings: A User Survey

With campuses opening up and stimulating interactions among different campus users more and more, we aim to identify the characteristics of successful meeting places (locations) on campus. These can help practitioners such as campus managers and directors to further optimize their campus to facilitate unplanned or serendipitous meetings between academic staff and companies. A survey on three Dutch campuses, including questions on both services and locations, was analyzed both spatially and statistically using principal component (PC) and regression analysis. Four PCs were found for services (Relax, Network, Proximity and Availability) and three PCs were found for locations (Aesthetics, Cleaned and Indoor Environment). Personal characteristics as explanatory variables were not significant or only had very small effect sizes, indicating that a campus’ design does not need to be tailored to certain user groups but can be effective for all. The pattern of successful locations is discussed, including the variables in each PC. These PCs provide a framework for practitioners who want to improve their campus’ design to further facilitate unplanned meetings, thus contributing to cooperation between campus users, hopefully leading to further innovation.