Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extensive Connections of the Canine Olfactory Pathway Revealed by Tractography and Dissection

The olfactory sense of the domestic dog is widely recognized as being highly sensitive with a diverse function; however, little is known about the structure of its olfactory system. This study examined a cohort of mixed-sex mesaticephalic canines and used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), an MRI technique, to map connections from the olfactory bulb to other cortical regions of the brain. The results were validated using the Klingler dissection method. An extensive pathway composed of five white matter tracts connecting to the occipital lobe, cortical spinal tract, limbic system, piriform lobe, and entorhinal pathway was identified. This is the first documentation of a direct connection between the olfactory bulb and occipital lobe in any species and is a step toward further understanding how the dog integrates olfactory stimuli into their cognitive function. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The highly sensitive olfactory system of the domestic dog is largely unexplored. We applied diffusion tractography and dissection techniques to evaluate the white matter connections associated with the olfactory system in a large cohort of dogs. We discovered an extensive white matter network extending from the olfactory bulb to form novel connections directly to other cortices of the brain. This is the first documentation of these novel olfactory connections and provides new insight into how dogs integrate olfactory stimuli in their cognitive functioning.
Local-global knowledge sourcing in the context of an open innovation knowledge platform : the case of Amsterdam Denim City

Our paper investigates the inherent tensions between the local embeddedness of highly tacit knowledge and the global sourcing of ‘open’ knowledge or innovation. A single case study design enabled us to perform a thorough and detailed analysis of inter-firm collaboration and open innovation within the specific context of the Amsterdam denim cluster, which is internationally renowned as a centre of denim expertise with an important focus on sustainability. In-depth interviews and workshops were held with several stakeholders involved in Denim City, such as campus managers and denim brands. We find that open search strategies have more depth than breadth when the collaboration is focused on radical innovation. We also shed light on the complex relation between appropriability and openness when collaboration involves competing firms. We also show that cognitive proximity of partners plays a role in the global sourcing of knowledge.
Examining the Interrelationships Among Suicide Cognitions, Suicidal Ideation, and Theoretically Derived Protective Factors

Abstract Introduction Several protective factors for mitigating suicidal ideation (SI) such as positive affect, reasons for living, purpose in life, meaning in life, gratitude, grit, optimism, social support, and hope have been identified and received empirical support. However, few studies have examined the interrelationships of these protective factors and the identification of protective factors most closely linked to lower levels of SI may be useful for both theory-building initiatives and improvement of suicide-specific interventions. Network analysis offers an approach for testing the relation among these constructs, SI, and suicide risk factors. Methods A sample N = 557 undergraduate students oversampled for lifetime SI completed a cross-sectional, online survey. The data was used to estimate an undirected, cross-sectional network of the aforementioned protective factors. Results The resulting inferred network implicates strong negative influence of suicide cognitions, but not recent SI, and the strong positive influence of presence of meaning in life, trait hope, and low negative affect. Conclusions Implications for dimensionality of SI versus suicide cognitions, targeting presence of meaning in life, trait hope, and negative affect in treatment, and cross-cultural variations in reasons for living are discussed. The study is limited by the cross-sectional and convenience sampling methodology. Highlights Protective factors may have less direct influence on suicidal ideation Suicide cognitions and the suicidal mode may be of phenomenological importance Presence of meaning and trait hope may be primary targets for suicide interventions
Role of high acquisition flow cytometry in the detection of marrow involvement in patients with extramedullary B cell non-Hodgkins lymphoma: a comparison with marrow aspirate cytology, trephine biopsy, and PET

Abstract Detection of marrow infiltration is crucial in extramedullary B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL). We studied the efficiency of high acquisition flow cytometry (FCM) in detecting marrow involvement in B-NHL patients and compared its performance with marrow aspiration (BMA) cytology, marrow biopsy (BMB), and positron emission tomography (PET). No case with marrow infiltration was found to be BMB positive and FCM negative. BMA cytology showed poor sensitivity and specificity. Only 50% of FCM positive cases showed evidence of marrow involvement by PET. Neither the nature of lymphoma nor the burden of the marrow disease showed a correlation with PET positivity. Four cases that were positive only by PET had findings in areas other than the iliac region. We found more cogent and convincing results with high event acquisition in FCM. This study shows that a combination of PET and FCM with high event acquisition is the best way for assessing marrow involvement in B-NHL cases.
Aloneliness predicts relational anger and aggression toward romantic partners.

Aloneliness is the negative psychological state characterized by dissatisfaction with one's lack of solitude, which is connected to well-being deficits (e.g., depression, stress). From an I3 theory perspective, we expected that aloneliness could predict anger and partner-directed aggression among persons in romantic relationships, who must, by nature of their partnership, dedicate time to their romantic partners. In Studies 1a and 1b (N = 554), trait aloneliness positively correlated with trait anger, aggression, and violence, but more strongly among persons in relationships (vs. single persons). In Study 2, aloneliness was experimentally primed among 93 undergraduates in relationships. When aloneliness was salient (vs. a control), participants reported higher anger and used more pins in a partner-representative voodoo doll. These results suggest that solitude is an inhibiting factor against anger and, potentially, the perpetration of partner-directed aggression. Although subsequent work in this area is needed, we add evidence showing the importance of individual differences in the need for solitude.
Understanding the mode of regulation of proline biosynthesis for drought tolerance in transgenic rice overexpressing PDH47 gene

Plants respond to drought stress by inducing proline accumulation which would promote drought tolerance. During drought, several reports described activation/overexpression of genes encoding enzymes for glutamate and ornithine-based proline biosynthesis pathways that provide tolerance to the plant. Pea DNA helicase 47 ( PDH47 ), involves in drought stress tolerance. However, the exact mechanism for drought tolerance is not known. The present study will provide insights into how overexpression of a PDH47 in transgenic rice confers drought tolerance by further escalating the accumulation of proline. Here, the developed transgenic plants expressing PDH47 showed increased tolerance to drought with increased expression of proline biosynthesis genes. Therefore, understanding the combined regulation for expression of proline metabolism genes during drought stress in rice overexpressing drought stress-responsive DEAD-box helicase like PDH47 may result in engineering economically important crop plants for more tolerant to drought stress.
Intermodal Network Design and Expansion for Freight Transportation

v LIST OF TABLES . xi LIST OF FIGURES . xii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION.1 1.1 RESEARCH TOPIC 1INTERMODAL NETWORK EXPANSION IN A COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT WITH UNCERTAIN DEMANDS . 3 1.2 RESEARCH TOPIC 2RELIABLE INTERMODAL FREIGHT NETWORK EXPANSION WITH DEMAND UNCERTAINITIES AND NETWORK DISRUPTIONS . 3 1.3 RESEARCH TOPIC 3A RELIABLE MULTI-PERIOD INTERMODAL FREIGHT NETWORK EXPANSION PROBLEM . 4 1.4 LIST OF PAPERS AND STRUCTURE OF DISSERTATION . 5 CHAPTER 2: BACKGROUND AND LITERATURE REVIEW . 6 2.1 INTERMODAL FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION . 6 2.2 COMPETITION BETWEEN INTERMODAL SERVICE PROVIDERS. 11 2.3 DECISION MAKING UNDER UNCERTAINITY. 14 2.4 UNCERTAINITY IN INTERMODAL NETWORK DESIGN. 15 2.5 MULTI-PERIOD PLANNING . 19 2.6 CONTRIBUTIONS TO LITERATURE. 21
Significance of CDX2 Expression in Differential Diagnosis of Primary and Secondary Lung Cancers

Our study consists of 61 biopsy material from pulmonary lesions suspicious both clinically and radiologically for tumor nature. 36 of our patients were males (59%) and 25 were females (41%). Benign lesions were proved in 9 cases;, while malignant lesions were proved in 52 cases. Bronchoscopic and CT trans-thoracic guided biopsies were taken. Anti- CDX2 antibody ((IR080) DAKO, Denmark)) was used for immunohistochemical (IHC) detection of the expression of CDX2 in tis -sue. Tissue sections were processed for IHC analysis of as follows. IHC examinations were carried out on 3 μm thick sections. Unmasking was performed with 10 mM sodium citrate buffer, pH 6.0, at 90°C for 30 minutes. Sections were incubated in 0.03% hydrogen peroxide for 10 minutes at room temperature, to remove endogenous peroxidase activity, and then in blocking serum (0.04% bovine serum albumin, A2153, Sigma-Aldrich, Shanghai, China, and 0.5% normal goat serum X0907, Dako Corporation, Carpinteria, CA, USA, in PBS) for 30 min utes at room temperature. Anti-CDX2 antibody (Anti-CDX2 antibody (IR080) was used at a dilution of 1:150. The antibody was incubated overnight at 4°C. Sections were then washed three times for 5 minutes in PBS. Non-specific staining was blocked 5% normal serum for 30 minutes at room temperature. Finally, staining was developed with diaminobenzidine substrate and sections were counterstained with hematoxylin. PBS replaced CDX2 antibody in negative controls. The current study was conducted to test the expression level of CDX2 in lung tissues by immunohistochemical technique. Our study consists of 61 biopsy material from pulmonary lesions suspicious both clinically and radiologically for tumor nature. 36 of our patients were males (59%) and 25 were females (41%). Benign lesions were proved in 9 cases; of them 6 were males (66.7%), while malignant lesions were proved in 52 cases; of them 30 were males (57.7%).
Reaction time coupling in a joint stimulus-response task: A matter of functional actions or likable agents?

Shaping one owns actions by observing others’ actions is driven by the deep-rooted mechanism of perception-action coupling. It typically occurs automatically, expressed as for example the unintentional synchronization of reaction times in interactive games. Theories on perception-action coupling highlight its benefits such as the joint coordination of actions to cooperatively perform tasks properly, the learning of novel actions from others, and the bonding with likable others. However, such functional aspects and how they shape perception-action coupling have never been compared quantitatively. Here we tested a total of hundred-fifteen participants that played a stimulus-response task while, in parallel, they observed videos of agents that played the exact same task several milliseconds in advance. We compared to what degree the reaction times of actions of agents, who varied their behavior in terms of functionality and likability in preceding prisoner dilemma games and quizzes, shape the reaction times of human test participants. To manipulate functionality and likability, we varied the predictability of cooperative behavior and correctness of actions of agents, respectively, resulting in likable (cooperative), dislikable (uncooperative), functional (correct actions), and dysfunctional (incorrect actions) agents. The results of three experiments showed that the participants’ reaction times correlated most with the reaction times of agents that expressed functional behavior. However, the likability of agents had no effects on reaction time correlations. These findings suggest that, at least in the current computer task, participants are more likely to adopt the timing of actions from people that perform correct actions than from people that they like.
A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Balance Exercise on Risk of Fall Prevention among Older People in Selected Old Age Homes at Purba Medinipur, West Bengal - Pilot Study

Introduction: Balance exercise is an important element that prevent fall in older age people observed throughout the world. balance training programme for old age people, including multi-task exercises, was designed and developed based on well-established principles of exercise and on the knowledge that balance control relies on the interaction of several physiological systems, as well as interaction with environmental factors and the performed task. Objective: This study aims to assess the effectiveness of balance exercises on fall prevention among older people. Methods : The research design selected for this study was experimental research design. The investigator used Randomized control trial to select a sample of 88 (exprimental-44 and control -44) of old age people for this study. In this study socio-demographic data tool, POMA (Tinetti performance oriented mobility assessment) were used to measure and observe the study accurately. Fall rate was measured with the POMA tool. Data were analyzed through descriptive and inferencial statistic. Results: In the group 1 i.e. experimental group, 8 (18.2%) cases were high fall risk, 13 (29.5%) medium fall risk and 23 (52.3%) low fall risk. In the control group (group 2), 29 (65.9%) were high fall risk, 10 (22.7%) medium fall risk and 5 (11.4%) low fall risk. In the experimental group the high fall risk is very low and low fall risk is very high in comparison to control group. The difference was highly significant (p=0.000). This implied the balance exercise on fall prevention is highly effective. Conclusion: This study concluded that significant increasing the strength, prevent fall and maintaining the balance among older people in a 4 week balance exercise program.
CD8 T Cells Is Not Altered with Aging Early Antigen-Specific Response by Naive

Both a dramatic decline in CD8 responses and a switch to memory T cell predominance occur with aging. The extent to which the loss of responsiveness is the consequence of the accumulation of more differentiated vs intrinsically defective T cells (or both) has been unclear. Using similar conditions of Ag stimulation, we have examined the responses generated by CD8 (cid:1) cells isolated from aged TCR transgenic mice. We found that the naive transgene (cid:1) CD8 (cid:1) cells from aged 2C mice expressed activation markers, produced IL-2, proliferated, and differentiated into cytotoxic T cells as efﬁciently as their young counterparts. The extent of responsiveness and the level of the responses were comparable in both age groups regardless of the stimulatory conditions used, i.e., partial costimulation/adhesion molecule expression on APCs, or presentation of lower afﬁnity peptide or diminished peptide concentrations. By day 4 after Ag stimulation, no signiﬁcant age-related differences were observed in the number of effector cells generated nor in the levels of secreted IL-2 or IFN- (cid:2) . Upon restimulation of effector cells, IL-2 secretion and to a lesser extent TNF- (cid:3) expression, but not IFN- (cid:2) secretion, were diminished with age. These ﬁndings suggest that age-associated alterations in naive CD8 cell function are not found after primary stimulation, but may become apparent upon restimulation. The Journal of Immunology, 2002, 168: 6120–6127.
A Brief Review of Facial Expressions Recognition System

— A wide range of applications exist for Facial Expression Recognition (FER) like neutral, sadness, surprise, happiness, fear, anger, contempt and disgust, which include Emotional / Mental state recognition, stress and anxiety detection in medial domain, security domain, human computer interaction etc. In computer vision field Facial Expression Recognition is very interesting and challenging area. In this paper, review some of the facial expression recognition methods are presented. The feature extraction techniques play a crucial role. In this paper a few Facial Feature Extraction techniques like Local Binary Pattern, Local Directional Pattern are discussed. Also recognition based on support vector machines and deep learning algorithms are discussed and compared.
Patients With Fibromyalgia, Depression, and/or Anxiety and Sex Differences

Fibromyalgia is a syndrome characterized by chronic widespread pain, with a multifactorial etiopathogenesis and high incidence of neuropsychiatric comorbidity. It has been inaccurately considered a pathological condition affecting only middle-aged women. The study aimed to explore the association of sociodemographic and clinical factors in patients with fibromyalgia with depression and/or anxiety. The present study is an analysis of a cross-sectional study of a secondary source. The prevalence ratio (PR) between the demographic and clinical variables of patients with fibromyalgia and concomitant depression and/or anxiety was calculated. Overall, 1,106 medical records were obtained with a confirmed diagnosis of fibromyalgia between 2010 and 2016; of these, 318 (28.75%) patients had an associated diagnosis of depression and/or anxiety. Approximately 28% women (295 of 1,052) and 42.6% men (23 of 54) suffered from depression and/or anxiety. In the adjusted explanatory model of depression and/or anxiety in patients with fibromyalgia, the relationship between sex (female PR = 0.5 [0.28–0.86]) and low socioeconomic strata (PR = 0.53 [0.33–0.70]) remained constant. In the study population, patients with fibromyalgia belonging to lower social strata were less likely to present with depression and anxiety. The male sex may pose as a risk factor for depression and/or anxiety in patients with fibromyalgia. Fibromyalgia has a huge impact on men’s physical as well as mental health.
Investigating latent syphilis in HIV treatment-experienced Ethiopians and response to therapy

Objectives We investigated people with HIV (PWH) receiving combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) for latent syphilis infection prevalence, risk factors, treatment response, and neurosyphilis. Methods A prospective follow-up study was conducted on PWH and latent syphilis. The cases were randomly assigned to receive either benzathine penicillin G (BPG) or doxycycline (DOXY), and the posttreatment response was evaluated after 12 and 24 months. The traditional algorithm was used for serodiagnosis, and a semi-quantitative rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test monitored disease activity and treatment effectiveness. Results Of the 823 participants, 64.8% were women, and the mean age was 41.7±10 years. Thirty-one (3.8%) of the participants (22 males and nine females) had latent syphilis. The risk factors were male sex (aOR = 3.14), increasing age (aOR = 1.04 per year), and cART duration (aOR = 1.01 per month). Baseline RPR titers were: ≤1:4 in 19 (61.3%), between 1:8 and 1:32 in 10 (32.2%), and >1:32 in 2 (6.4%). None of the seven cerebrospinal fluid analyses supported a neurosyphilis diagnosis. In the 12th month of treatment, 27 (87.1%) had adequate serological responses, three (9.7%) had serological nonresponse, and one (3.2%) had treatment failure. Syphilis treatment was repeated in the last four cases with the alternative drug. In terms of adequate serologic response, both therapies were comparable at the 12th month, p = 0.37. All cases responded to treatment in the 24th month. Conclusion In PWH receiving cART, latent syphilis occurred more in men than women, suggesting an investigation of sexual practices and the impact of antenatal syphilis screening. Syphilis disease activity reduces in the latent stage. Therefore, the routine cerebrospinal fluid analysis contributes little to the diagnosis of asymptomatic neurosyphilis and the treatment success of latent syphilis. DOXY is an alternative to BPG, and cART improves serologic response to latent syphilis treatment.
INVESTIGATING THE CELLULAR BASIS OF EXCESSIVE GROOMING BEHAVIOR IN HOXB8 MUTANT MICE

Excessive grooming behavior has been reported in Hoxb8 loss-of-function mutants. Since Hoxb8 expresses in various tissues in mice, the cause of the excessive grooming and hair removal phenotype was not clear. In this report we demonstrated that Hoxb8 is expressed in brain microglia hematopoietic systems. Immunological aberration in the function of hematopoietic system has been long considered as potential etiology for psychiatric disorders. Therefore bone marrow transplantation and conditional mutagenesis were conducted in our analysis to determine if malfunctioned hematopoietic system is associated with excessive grooming phenotype. Excessive grooming phenotype is rescued in hematopoietic chimeric Hoxb8 mutant mice carrying bone marrow cells derived from wildtype mice. On the other hand, nociception insensitivity remains evident in those phenotype rescued hematopoietic chimeras. Conditionally inactivation of Hoxb8 gene in hematopoietic systems recapitulated the hair removal and excessive grooming phenotype, but did not recapitulate dorsal spinal cord and sensory defects. These observations indicated that the sensory defects could be genetically separated from is not the primary cause the excessive grooming phenotype associated with the Hoxb8 disruption. Further, the histological test in skin shows no aberrant immune cell infiltration in the infected tissue. These observations support the conclusion that the hair loss and excessive grooming phenotype in Hoxb8 mutant mice is primary associated with the function of Hoxb8 in hematopoietic systems. This is also the first model systems to directly support the long existing hypothesis that dysfunctions of the hematopoietic system and immunological alterations can be lead to the etiology of behavioral disorders, such as obsessive compulsive disorder, major depression and schizophrenia.
0 50 20 94 v 1 2 2 Fe b 20 05 March 3 , 2018 Can be gravitational waves markers for an extra-dimension ?

The main issue of the present letter is to fix specific features (which turn out being independent of extradimension size) of gravitational waves generated before a dimensional compactification process. Valuable is the possibility to detect our prediction from gravitational wave experiment without high energy laboratory investigation. In particular we show how gravitational waves can bring information on the number of Universe dimensions. Within the framework of Kaluza-Klein hypotheses, a different morphology arises between waves generated before than the compactification process settled down and ordinary 4-dimensional waves. In the former case the scalar and tensor degrees of freedom can not be resolved. As a consequence if were detected gravitational waves having the feature here predicted (anomalous polarization amplitudes), then they would be reliable markers for the existence of an extra dimension.