Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improved SURF Descriptor Based on Triangle Partition

In order to improve the robustness and real time performance of SURF based image matching algorithms, a new descriptor is proposed. We compute the new descriptor in a rectangle local region (the side set to 20s). Firstly, the local region is divided into 8 equal triangle subregion. Secondly, local region location grid is rotated to align its dominate orientation to a canonical direction. The keypoint dominate orientation and its orthogonalorientation is defined as the x and y directions of the descriptors local coordinate system.Thirdly, compute the Haar wavelet response in x and y directions within the keypoint local region. In order to reduce the boundary effect and outer noise, Haar wavelet response in the same Grid of different triangle is both assigned to each triangle in different weight, and then a gaussian weighting function is used. Compute the histogram of Haar wavelet response and absolute Haar wavelet response, so each triangle subregion constitutes a vector with 4 dimensions. Finally, a descriptor with 32 dimensions is constituted and the descriptor is normalized to achieve illumination invariance. The experimental results show that the performance of the new descriptor is even better than SURF descriptor.
A comparison study between parallel and serial linked structures in biped robot system

This article describes the features of two contrastive mechanisms in biped robot systems. One of the compared models is the serial mechanism in which each link is connected in series, and each joint is driven by its own actuator independently. Another model is the parallel mechanism and there is a single close linked chain. One of the important merits of using the parallel mechanism to the biped robot is that all the actuators can be placed on the upper leg, thus the inertia of the leg can be smaller, even if its kinematics and dynamics becomes more complicated. In the biped robot with parallel mechanisms, all the joint angles are set as a variable as well as a serial mechanism, and the geometric constraint function can be defined by the kinematic relation of each closed linked chain. From the second order differential of this function, the angular acceleration of the passive joint is represented by the angular acceleration of the active joint. Thus, the dynamic equation is derived. In this paper, the theoretical analysis of the biped robot motion with parallel and serial mechanisms is shown. The numerical results obtained are useful to the mechanical design.
Probabilistic completeness of substitution-permutation encryption networks

A variant of the substitution-permutation encryption network, which incorporates random permutations, is presented and shown to retain, with a very high probability, the cryptographically important property of completeness after a small number of rounds. Although the increase in crypto-cost is moderate, the advantage of the new variant is twofold, in that a proof for the freedom from an intentional trapdoor is provided and the network can offer a higher level of cryptosecurity.
Effects of toroidal field ripple on suprathermal ions in tokamak plasmas

Analytic calculations of three important effects of toroidal field ripple on suprathermal ions in tokamak plasmas are presented. In the first process, collisional ripple-trapping, ions become trapped in local magnetic wells near their banana tips owing to pitch-angle scattering as they traverse the ripple on barely unripple-trapped orbits. In the second process, collisionless ripple-trapping, ions are captured (again near a banana tip) owing to their finite orbits, which carry them out into regions of higher ripple. In the third process, banana-drift diffusion, fast-ion banana orbits fail to close precisely, due to a ripple-induced ‘variable lingering period’ near the banana tips. These three mechanisms lead to substantial radial transport of banana-trapped, neutral-beam-injected ions when the quantity α*≡ε|τ|/Nqδ is of order unity or smaller.
Electromagnetic scattering from very rough random surfaces and deep reflection gratings

A theoretical study of electromagnetic wave scattering from deep perfectly conducting one-dimensional random rough surfaces and reflection gratings is performed by means of the extinction theorem. The scattering equations are solved numerically (instead of being solved by the usual analytical procedures, which are valid only for slight corrugations). This permits us to obtain an exhaustive collection of results for the mean scattered intensity as a function of polarization and surface parameters. In particular, Lambertian scattering and enhanced backscattering are predicted for random surfaces. Also, the range of validity of the Kirchhoff approximation is established for random surfaces whose correlation length is comparable with or smaller than the wavelength. Concerning gratings, generalizations of the blaze for large angles of incidence, large periods, and arbitrary shapes are obtained. Finally, it is shown that the blaze of the antispecular order for gratings is at the root of the enhanced backscattering for random surfaces.
Dual channel formation in a laser‐triggered spark gap

During self‐break in spark‐gap switches, multiple streamers can form in close proximity to one another. The rate of expansion of these streamers is sufficiently fast that they can interact during the current pulse. To help understand how these closely spaced, expanding spark columns interact, a laser‐triggered spark gap has been studied in which two parallel columns (separation 1.3 mm) are simultaneously preionized, resulting in a pair of nearly identical, axisymmetric spark columns. The spark gap (electrode separation 1.2 cm) switches a 100 ns, 40–60 kV, 12‐20 kA, 1.5 Ω waterline. Interferograms of the expanding arc channels are obtained with a laser interferometer having a time and spatial resolution of 5 ns and 10 μm, respectively. Voltage and current were measured with an internal capacitive‐voltage divider and a current viewing resistor. The interferograms show that for initially identical axisymmetric columns, the individual channels do not merge into a single larger axisymmetric spark column. Inste.
SOP Literaturrecherche

sierten Gesundheitsversorgung, die Entwicklung von Behandlungsleitlinien, wissenschaftliche Projekte: Am Anfang steht die Literaturrecherche. Sich einen umfassenden Überblick über den aktuellen Stand der Forschung zu verschaffen – und das möglichst effizient – wird jedoch mit der täglich steigenden Anzahl an wissenschaftlichen Publikationen zunehmend schwieriger. Im Folgenden wird daher ein schrittweises Vorgehen vorgestellt, die relevante Literatur aus der Fülle an in Fachdatenbanken verfügbaren Informationen ausfindig zu machen.
Particulate flow simulations using lubrication theory solution enrichment

A technique for the numerical simulation of suspensions of particles in fluid based on the extended finite element method (X‐FEM) is developed. In this method, the particle surfaces need not conform to the finite element boundaries, so that moving particles can be simulated without remeshing. The finite element basis is enriched with the Stokes flow solution for flow past a single particle and the lubrication theory solution for flow between particles. The latter enrichment allows the simulation of particles that come arbitrarily close together without refining the mesh in the gap between them. Example problems illustrating both types of enrichment are shown, along with a study of a 50% solution in channel flow. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Smart home on the rise? The role of trust and privacy in technology acceptance of smart home devices

In recent years, smart devices have been more prevalent in people’s homes. In this context, this study analyzes the role of trust and privacy in technology acceptance of those devices. Derived from theoretical considerations, we form eleven hypotheses and test them by structural equation modeling (SEM). The analysis relies on data from a quantitative survey on smart thermostats with 324 participants from Germany. The results indicate a strong positive total effect of trust and a negative impact of privacy concerns on the intention to use, showing the special relationships of those factors in the context of smart home technology
Polynomials and linear control systems

Read more and get great! That's what the book enPDFd polynomials and linear control systems will give for every reader to read this book. This is an on-line book provided in this website. Even this book becomes a choice of someone to read, many in the world also loves it so much. As what we talk, when you read more every page of this polynomials and linear control systems, what you will obtain is something great.
Calibration and Data Processing for a Chinese Spectral Radioheliograph in the DecimeterWave Range

The Chinese Spectral Radioheliograph (CSRH) is a solar-dedicated interferometric array with a frequency range from 400 MHz to 15 GHz. There are 40 4.5 m antennas with 400 MHz to 2 GHz, and 60 2 m antennas with 2 GHz to 15 GHz in this telescope. CSRH is under construction at Mingantu station, which is about 400 km away from Beijing in China. Now, CSRH-I, which includes an antenna, a receiver, and a correlator in the decimetric wave range, has already been established. CSRH-II is under construction and will be completed by the end of this year. This paper introduces the whole system of CSRH-I briefly, and presents delay measurements, polarization calibration, and some other results of calibration and data processing for CSRH-I.
Validity of the frozen-core approximation and pseudopotential theory for cohesive energy calculations

When atoms are brought together to form molecules or solids the change in the kinetic energy of the core electrons can be an order of magnitude larger than the change in total energy. In spite of this, pseudopotential methods, which neglect the redistribution of the core electrons, give results very close to the fully self-consistent results. We explain this apparent contradiction by showing that the correction to the frozen-core approximation, an approximation used implicitly in a pseudopotential calculation, vanishes to first order in the charge-density differences and we give a closed formula for the second-order correction. The cancellation of large errors involved in the frozen-core approximation is demonstrated for valence-electron configuration changes in several free atoms and for a bcc to fcc transformation of Mo. In all cases the frozen-core approximation makes an error of less than 5% in the energy of transformation, and the second-order correction formula accurately reproduces this error.
Rapid Sequence Induction: Succinylcholin gegen Rocuronium – 3:0 für Succi?

Bei der elektiven Narkoseeinleitung sehen die Empfehlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Anästhesie und Intensivmedizin die Verwendung von Succinylcholin aufgrund der Nebenwirkungen nur noch in ausgewählten Ausnahmefällen vor. Im Rahmen der RSI gibt man Succinylcholin trotz des ungünstigen Nebenwirkungsprofils weiterhin den Vorzug; alternativ kann aber auch Rocuronium verwendet werden. Doch ist Rocuronium tatsächlich ein gleichwertiges Muskelrelaxans für die RSI? Dieser Frage ging eine Cochrane-Analyse nach.
Prädiktive Diagnostik der Alzheimer-Demenz

Mit modernen Früherkennungsuntersuchungen lässt sich die Alzheimer-Krankheit (Alzheimer’s Disease, AD) lange vor Symptombeginn der Alzheimer-Demenz nachweisen. Patienten fragen immer häufiger nach entsprechenden diagnostischen Verfahren. Der Einsatz von Biomarkern für die Früherkennung der AD ist somit zunehmend klinisch bedeutsam. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die derzeitigen prädiktiven Verfahren der Alzheimer-Demenz.
In Defense of Prosodic Typology: A Response to Beckman & Venditti

In two recent handbook articles, Beckman & Venditti (2010, 2011) present overviews of tone and intonation which take issue both with traditional typology and with recent attempts to bring clarity to the rather confused study of prosodic typology. In the course of their coverage BV (ii) if yes, what does the prosodic system do with the tones and/or stress, both at the word level and postlexically? Given the level-ordered nature of phonological systems, only after the first two questions are dealt with can we move on to the the question with which B&V are most concerned: (iii) how are the surface or output wordprosodic properties integrated with phrase- and utterance-level intonation? While B&V question the usefulness of “broad-stroke typologies” which have traditionally distinguished tone, stress and intonation, their disposition to minimize systemic differences in favor of surface comparisons of phonetic realizations raises important questions concerning levels of representation and the nature of phonological typology itself.
Remarks on the complete integrability of dynamical systems with fermionic variables

The authors study the role of (1,1) graded tensor field T in the analysis of complete integrability of dynamical systems with fermionic variables. They find that such a tensor T can be a recursion operator if and only if T is even as a graded map, namely, if and only if p(T)=0. They clarify this fact by constructing an odd tensor for two examples, a supersymmetric Toda chain and a supersymmetric harmonic oscillator. They explicitly show that it cannot be a recursion operator since it does not allow new constants of motion to be built from the first two, in contrast to what usually happens with ordinary, i.e. nongraded systems.
Effects of Temperature and Current Stressing on the Intermetallic Compounds Growth Characteristics of Cu Pillar/Sn–3.5Ag Microbump

The mechanical and electrical reliability of Cu/Sn–3.5Ag microbumps under both annealing and current-stressing conditions were systematically evaluated. Intermetallic compound (IMC) growth was controlled by a diffusion-dominant mechanism and a chemical reaction-dominant mechanism with annealing and current-stressing time, respectively. The transition time for IMC phase change had an inverse relationship with current density because of the electron wind force under current stressing conditions. The shear strength and IMC thickness increased monotonically with annealing time at 150 °C, while the amount of solder decreased. It was clearly revealed that strong correlations exist between IMC growth kinetics, shear strength, and fracture modes in Cu/solder microbumps.
ISOTOPOLOGUES OF DENSE GAS TRACERS IN NGC 1068

We present observations of isotopic lines of dense gas tracers toward the nuclear region of nearby Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 1068 with the IRAM 30 m telescope and the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment (APEX) 12 m telescope. We detected four isotopic lines (H13CN 1–0, H13CO+ 1–0, HN13C 1–0, and HC18O+ 1–0) at the 3 mm band with the IRAM 30 m telescope and obtained upper limits of other lines. We calculated optical depths of dense gas tracers with the detected isotopic lines of HCN 1–0, HCO+ 1–0, and HNC 1–0. We find that the 14N/15N abundance ratio is greater than 420 if we adopt the upper limit of HC15N(1–0) emission. Combining this with fluxes of 1–0 lines from IRAM 30 m observations and the upper limit of 3–2 lines from APEX 12 m observations, we also estimated the excitation condition of molecular gas in the nuclear region of NGC 1068, which is less dense than that in the extreme starburst regions of galaxies.
Methods for Pricing Derivates Written on a Large Number of Underlying Assets

The aim of this thesis is to examine methods for pricing derivatives written on a large number of underlying assets. In order to develop these methods the thesis studies one particular derivative product in detail. The studied derivative is the Podium Plus zero coupon equitylinked note issued by Credit Suisse First Boston. The thesis is mainly concerned with finding a “fair” issue price for the note but to some extent, the price at an arbitrary time point is also dealt with. The payoff for this note is entirely determined by the performance of an underlying basket of 50 stocks in a non-linear way. At the date of maturity, the payoff is the greater of SEK 10.000 and SEK 18.000 – (500 × the number of stock losses in the reference portfolio). A stock loss occurs when a stock has an end value less that ninety per cent of the start value, defining the end value as the lowest official closing price of the stock in a period of 20 banking days immediately prior to the date of maturity. After an introduction to arbitrage theory, the quest for an analytical formula for a “fair” issue price begins. This approach requires so many simplifying assumptions that it fails in giving us a reliable answer. Therefore, computer simulations based on the CAPM theory and on general arbitrage theory are conducted. The results suggest that the note is substantially overpriced. Two conclusions are drawn. The main conclusion is that the issue price of the Podium Plus is above the “fair” price and that the issuer could therefore, in theory, find a way to make risk free profits. The second conclusion is that the only way one could possibly justify the excessively high issue price is to make unrealistic assumptions on the volatility of the underlying stocks.
Asymptotic Bias in Simulated Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Discrete Choice Models

In this article, we investigate a bias in an asymptotic expansion of the simulated maximum likelihood estimator introduced by Lerman and Manski (pp. 305–319 in C. Manski and D. McFadden (eds.), Structural Analysis of Discrete Data with Econometric Applications, Cambridge: MIT Press, 1981) for the estimation of discrete choice models. This bias occurs due to the nonlinearity of the derivatives of the log likelihood function and the statistically independent simulation errors of the choice probabilities across observations. This bias can be the dominating bias in an asymptotic expansion of the simulated maximum likelihood estimator when the number of simulated random variables per observation does not increase at least as fast as the sample size. The properly normalized simulated maximum likelihood estimator even has an asymptotic bias in its limiting distribution if the number of simulated random variables increases only as fast as the square root of the sample size. A bias-adjustment is introduced that can reduce the bias. Some Monte Carlo experiments have demonstrated the usefulness of the bias-adjustment procedure.
APPLICATIONS OF A ROBUST DISPERSION ESTIMATOR

iii Dedication . iv Acknowledgments . v List of Tables . viii List of Figures . x
Achieving High Performance the Functional Way

Optimizing programs to run efficiently on modern parallel hardware is hard but crucial for many applications. The predominantly used imperative languages force the programmer to intertwine the code describing functionality and optimizations. This results in a portability nightmare that is particularly problematic given the accelerating trend toward specialized hardware devices to further increase efficiency. Many emerging domain-specific languages (DSLs) used in performance-demanding domains such as deep learning attempt to simplify or even fully automate the optimization process. Using a high-level—often functional—language, programmers focus on describing functionality in a declarative way. In some systems such as Halide or TVM, a separate schedule specifies how the program should be optimized. Unfortunately, these schedules are not written in well-defined programming languages. Instead, they are implemented as a set of ad hoc predefined APIs that the compiler writers have exposed. In this paper, we show how to employ functional programming techniques to solve this challenge with elegance. We present two functional languages that work together—each addressing a separate concern. RISE is a functional language for expressing computations using well-known data-parallel patterns. ELEVATE is a functional language for describing optimization strategies. A high-level RISE program is transformed into a low-level form using optimization strategies written in ELEVATE . From the rewritten low-level program, high-performance parallel code is automatically generated. In contrast to existing high-performance domain-specific systems with scheduling APIs, in our approach programmers are not restricted to a set of built-in operations and optimizations but freely define their own computational patterns in RISE and optimization strategies in ELEVATE in a composable and reusable way. We show how our holistic functional approach achieves competitive performance with the state-of-the-art imperative systems
Towards measurement and determinants of export diversification: An empirical analysis of Pakistan

The present study explores determinants and degree of export diversification over time. For this purpose Gini Hirschman Index (GHI) is used to estimate the degree of export diversification. Moreover, this study observes determinant of export diversification by taking time series data of 1980-2015. In case of Pakistan, one can find hardly any study which has discussed estimation and determinants all together. This study applies Auto Regressive Distributive Lag approach to observe long run relationship in underlying variables. The findings of this study indicate that geographic concentration of exports enhances product concentration in exports and reduces export diversification, while foreign direct investment, world income and real effective exchange rate can play significant role in enhancing export diversification. On the other hand trade openness benefits to export concentration. Study suggested to explore new markets for exports of Pakistan and need to get benefit from foreign direct investment, world income and fall in currency value, when government supporting policies complement them.
On the most concise set of axioms and the uniqueness theorem for Tsallis entropy

We present the most concise set of axioms for Tsallis entropy, and rigorously prove the uniqueness theorem. This set of axioms consists of only two distinct additivities: pseudoadditivity and Shannon additivity. We then compare our axioms with the axioms presented by Santos. The peculiarity of pseudoadditivity as an axiom for Tsallis entropy is also discussed.
Midlatitude thermospheric winds from incoherent scatter radar and theory

Ionospheric plasma vertical drifts measured by the Millstone Hill incoherent scatter radar are decomposed into estimates of meridional neutral particle motion by accounting for ion diffusion and semidiurnal electric fields. For two equinoctial days with relatively high F-region electron densities the resulting neutral circulation at 300 km is composed of equatorward winds of 100 to 150 m sec/sup -1/ at night and poleward winds of 25 to 50 m sec/sup -1/ during the day. Harmonic analysis of the wind pattern yields a diurnal northward component of 80 to 100 m sec/sup -1/ with a maximum near noon, a semidiurnal component of 35 m sec/sup -1/ at 0600 LT and a prevailing southward wind of about 20 m sec/sup -1/. The observations are compared with tidal theory predictions and are interpreted by means of a simplified integration of the horizontal equations of motion through which effects of zonal advection, ion drag, viscosity, and pressure gradients are studied. Although the observed wind pattern is consistent in general with that derived from global models based on satellite drag observations, various discrepancies concerning the amplitude and phase of the diurnal bulge are noted and discussed. (auth)
Imaging the circumstellar envelopes of AGB stars

Aims. We report the results of an exploratory program to image the extended circumstellar envelopes of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars in dust-scattered galactic light. The goal is to characterize the morphology of the envelopes as a probe of the mass-loss process. Methods. The observations consist of short exposures with the VLT and longer exposures with 1–2 m telescopes, augmented with archival images from the Hubble Space Telescope. Results. We observed 12 AGB stars and detected the circumstellar envelopes in 7. The detected envelopes have mass loss rates