Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Moralische Kompetenz bei Medizinstudierenden – Vergleich zwischen Studierenden des ersten Semesters und des Praktischen Jahres

Zusammenfassung Ziel der Studie Neben der Vermittlung von theoretischen und klinisch-praktischen Fähigkeiten sollte die Weiterentwicklung der individuellen moralischen Kompetenz ein weiteres Kernanliegen im Studium der Humanmedizin sein. Untersuchungen zeigen allerdings, dass die moralische Kompetenz bei Medizinstudierenden im Verlauf des Studiums stagniert oder sogar abnimmt. Die vorliegende Querschnittstudie untersuchte daher die moralische Kompetenz von Medizinstudierenden zu Beginn des Studiums (d. h. im ersten Fachsemester) sowie im Praktischen Jahr (PJ) sowie die Auswirkungen von Testosteron als Neurohormon auf die moralische Urteilsfähigkeit. Methodik Im Rahmen einer Querschnittstudie wurden mittels des Moralischen Kompetenz Tests (MKT) nach Lind die moralische Urteilsfähigkeit von 24 Erstsemesterstudierenden und 16 PJ-Studierenden der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover erfasst und ausgewertet. Der Testosteron-Serumspiegel der Studienteilnehmenden wurde statistisch in Beziehung zu den MKT-Ergebnissen gesetzt. Ergebnisse Es zeigten sich keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen Erstsemester- (Mittelwert (M)±Standardabweichung (SD): 13,16±8,21) und PJ-Studierenden (M±SD: 11,24±8,07) im Hinblick auf die mittels des MKT gemessene moralische Kompetenz (p=0,36). Ein höherer Testosteron-Serumspiegel zeigte keine statistisch signifikante Korrelation mit der moralischen Kompetenz (r=–0,09, p=0,58). Schlussfolgerung Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen keinen klaren Trend, ob die moralische Kompetenz bei Medizinstudierenden in fortgeschrittenen Studiensemestern geringer ist als zu Beginn des Studiums und ob die moralische Kompetenz durch das Neurohormon Testosteron beeinflusst wird. Dennoch erscheint es sinnvoll, moralische Kompetenztrainings für Medizinstudierende frühzeitig, kontinuierlich und möglichst individuell gestaltet während des Medizinstudiums zu implementieren (und in weiterführenden Untersuchungen zu evaluieren), um einer Stagnation bzw. Rückentwicklung der moralischen Urteilsfähigkeit präventiv zu begegnen.
Mixed Step Size Normalized Least Mean Fourth Algorithm of DSTATCOM Integrated Electric Vehicle Charging Station

The growth of electric vehicle loads increases the harmonics in the distribution grid. This article proposes a mixed step size normalized least mean fourth control algorithm (MSSNLMF) of distribution static compensator to alleviate the harmonics in the electric vehicles connected distribution grid. The overall system comprises bidirectional ac–dc, dc–dc converters, and distribution static compensator. The bidirectional converters are employed to achieve the vehicle to grid and grid to vehicle operations. A lithium-ion battery is utilized as an electric vehicle energy storage device. An adaptive MSSNLMF control algorithm is proposed to extract active and reactive power signals from the distorted load current to obtain the reference source currents. This algorithm combines the least mean fourth and normalized least mean fourth algorithms with mixed step size. The performance of the control algorithm is evaluated in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. It is experimentally verified through the real time simulation using the dSPACE (DS1202) real-time processor. The proposed MSSNLMF algorithm performs well in the DSTATCOM dc-link voltage regulation and reduction of total harmonic distortion. The source current total harmonic distortion is maintained below the allowable limit of IEEE 519-2014 standard.
Morphisms and minimal models for OBJSA nets

OBJSA nets are a design specifications language for distributed systems, combining the specification language OBJ with Superposed Automata (SA) nets. The paper introduces the notions of morphism and isomorphism for OBJSA net systems and shows that any OBJSA net system can be reduced to a unique minimal model. This allows the definition of equivalence classes of OBJSA models. A net semantics for OBJSA net systems, in terms of 1-safe SA net systems, and algebraic semantics, in terms of OBJ3 objects, are given and it is proved that all the unfoldings, and, respectively, all the algebraic specifications of OBJSA models belonging to the same class are isomorphic.
Unification of Maxwell-Boltzmann, Bose-Einstein statistics and Zipf-Mandelbort Law with Law of Large Numbers and corresponding Fluctuation theorem

The rigorous version of the result that unifies Maxwell-Boltzmann, Bose-Einstein statistics and Zipf-Mandelbrot Law is presented in the paper. Additionally, the Fluctuation theorem is included. Both results are set in the rigorous probabilistic framework. The system under consideration is composed of fixed number of particles and energy smaller than some prescribed value. The particles are redistributed on fixed number of energy levels and are indistinguishable within one level. Further, the degenerations of energy levels are included and their number increases as the number of particles increase. The three distribution mentioned in the title corresponds to the three asymptotic cases of rate of increases of degenerations as a function of particles. When we take a thermodynamic limit for three cases we basically obtain the Law of Large Numbers and the obtained three means are our distributions. The fluctuations, i.e. the deviation from the mean turns out depends on the Entropy of the system. When its maximum is in inside of the domain we get Gaussian distribution. When it is on the boundary we get discrete distribution in the direction orthogonal to the boundary on which maximum is situated and Gaussian in other directions. The proof is similar for both results. The main part are the properties and asymptotic behavior of Entropy. Due to this we can optimize it and therefore apply probabilistic results which underlying assumptions overlap with ours and eventually get the desired results.
Dynamics of a hydrogen-like atom bounded by maximal acceleration

The existence of a maximal acceleration for massive objects was conjectured by Caianiello (1981 Lett. Nuovo Cimento 32 65) 30 years ago based on the Heisenberg uncertainty relations. Many of the consequences of this hypothesis have been studied, but until now there has been no evidence that the boundedness of the acceleration may lead to quantum behavior. In previous research, we predicted the existence of a universal maximal acceleration and developed a new dynamics for which all admissible solutions have an acceleration bounded by the maximal one. We present here a solution to our dynamical equation for a classical hydrogen-like atom and show that this dynamics leads to some aspects of quantum behavior. We show that the position of an electron in a hydrogen-like atom can be described only probabilistically. We also show that in this model, the notion of a ‘center of mass’ must be modified. This modification supports the non-existence of a magnetic moment in the atom and explains the relevance of the conformal group in the quantum region.
Heterologous prime-boost BCG with DNA vaccine expressing fusion antigens Rv2299c and Ag85A improves protective efficacy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice

The development of heterologous prime-boost regimens utilizing Bacille Calmette–Guerin (BCG) as the priming vaccine is a promising approach to improve the efficacy of vaccination against tuberculosis (TB). In this study, we examined the ability of a DNA vaccine that expressed a fusion of antigens Rv2299c and Ag85A to boost BCG immunity and protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in Balb/c mice. The fusion DNA vaccine was moderately immunogenic and afforded some protection when used on its own. After a priming BCG vaccination, the DNA boost significantly amplified Th1-type cell-mediated immunity compared to that resulting from either BCG or DNA immunization. In the DNA-boosted mice, Ag-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells that were mono-positive for IFN-γ alone were the most prominently expanded in infected lungs. The protective efficacy afforded by BCG against challenge infection was greatly improved by the DNA boost; bacterial loads were significantly reduced in both spleen and lung and histological damage in the lung was less. The use of a DNA vaccine containing the fusion antigens Rv2299c and Ag85A to boost BCG may be a good choice for the rational design of an efficient vaccination strategy against TB.
Biomass accumulation of Schlumbergera truncata (Haw.) Moran (Thanksgiving cactus) grown under high pot density

The growth of most pot-grown succulents offered by the ornamental industry is limited mainly by water, nutrients, photoperiod, and temperature manipulation, while other decisions, such as: plant density at pot cropping are often based on the grower’s experience. In the present study, to optimize the biomass accumulation of Schlumbergera truncata under high pot density, we performed an experimental design that included different numbers of initials phylloclades and spraying or not with the synthetic cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). The highest biomass accumulation on a fresh weight basis and highest stem area expansion were recorded in pots with five initial phylloclades and BAP-sprayed plants. The decrease in individual biomass accumulation and the expansion of steam area were related to an increase in pot density. Since shading effect can be discard, responses to photo-assimilate uptake and distribution more associated with mechanical constraints on pot roots rather than with a competition between individual roots. Our results suggest that, when Schlumbergera truncata is grown in pots, the number of initial phylloclades may be higher than the usually recommended number per pot.
Baldcypress false ring formation linked to summer hydroclimatic extremes in the southeastern United States

We describe the utility of false rings in Taxodium distichum (i.e. baldcypress) as a proxy for hydroclimatic extreme events in three different river basins (Pascagoula, Mobile, and Choctawhatchee) that discharge into the northern Gulf of Mexico. False rings occur as a result of a change in the environmental limiting resource for tree stem growth, and in T. distichum, false ring production is usually a result of increases in mid-growing season water availability. Our results show that false ring occurrence (from 1931 to 2018) is similar across sites but occur in different years, suggesting that false ring production is indicative of tree response to its local environment. False ring production in T. distichum has previously been correlated with summer streamflow, the season when tropical cyclone precipitation (TCP) is highest. To assess a stand-wide response, we define high false ring (HFR) years as all years when ⩾ 20% of trees produced a false ring. We show total TCP in July is the best predictor for HFR years in T. distichum, and false ring production in smaller river basins captures local TCP better than larger river basins. Additionally, HFR years coincide with summers of anomalously high precipitation, anomalously low temperatures, and a positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation. 77% of HFR years occur in seasons when there is heavy tropical cyclone activity near sample sites, building a foundation to use false ring records as robust TCP proxies with hydroclimate reconstruction potential.
Nonlocal Minimal Lawson Cones

We prove the existence of the analog of Lawson's minimal cones for a notion of nonlocal minimal surface introduced by Caffarelli, Roquejoffre and Savin, and establish their stability/instability in low dimensions. In particular we find that there are nonlocal stable minimal cones in dimension 7, in contrast with the case of classical minimal surfaces.
Physico-chemical characteristics, and bioactive compounds of red fruits of sweet pitaya (Stenocereus thurberi)

The objective of this study was to determine the physical and chemical characteristics and the content of bioactive compounds of ripe fruits of red sweet pitaya (Stenocereus thurberi). Sweet pitaya fruits are spherical, with a high moisture content (85.8%), a pulp percentage of 71.6%, soft texture (3.4 N), low acidity (0.18%), a total soluble solids content of 12.83 °Brix, with glucose and fructose being the main sugars with a content of 35.65 and 17.48 g 100 g-1 dry weight, respectively. The fruit has a low protein content (0.86% fresh weight) with tyrosine, glutamate, and methionine are the main essential amino acids. The pitaya flesh showed traces of carotenes, low content of L-ascorbic acid (12.45 mg 100 g-1 fresh weight), a content per gram of dry weight of total phenols of 11.31 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE), total flavonoids of 13.70 mg quercetin equivalent (QE) and total betalains of 2.43 mg. The peel had a higher content of phenols and total flavonoids (5.5 and 4.3 times higher, respectively) than the flesh, which could be considered a potential source of these compounds. The red fruits of sweet pitaya can be considered a source of phenolic compounds and betalains with potential benefits to human health.
Moment analysis for spatiotemporal fractional dispersion

The evolution of the first five nonnegative integer‐order spatial moments (corresponding to the mass, mean, variance, skewness, and kurtosis) are investigated systematically for spatiotemporal nonlocal, fractional dispersion. Three commonly used fractional‐order transport equations, including the time fractional advection‐dispersion equation (Time‐FADE), the fractal mobile‐immobile (MIM) equation, and the fully fractional advection‐dispersion equation (FFADE), are considered. Analytical solutions verify our numerical results and reveal the anomalous evolution of the moments. Following Adams and Gelhar's (1992) work on the classical ADE, we find that a simultaneous analysis of all moments is critical in discriminating between different nonlocal models. The evolution of dispersion among the subdiffusive to superdiffusive rates is then further explored numerically by a non‐Markovian random walk particle‐tracking method that can be used for any heterogeneous boundary or initial value problem in three dimensions. Both the analytical and the numerical results also show the similarity (at the early time) and the difference (at the late time) of moment growth for solutes in different phases (mobile versus total) described by the MIM models. Further simulations of the 1‐D bromide snapshots measured at the MADE experiments, using all three models with parameters fitted by the observed zeroth to fourth moments, indicate that (1) both the time and space nonlocality strongly affect the solute transport at the MADE site, (2) all five spatial moments should be considered in transport model selection and calibration because those up to the variance cannot effectively discriminate between nonlocal models, and (3) the log concentration should be used when evaluating the plume leading edge and the effects of space nonlocality.
Preparation and performance of polypyrrole modified filter paper humidity sensor by in situ polymerization

Polypyrrole (PPy) has high electrical conductivity, good environmental stability, and reversible electrochemical redox characteristics, which makes PPy responsive to changes in environmental humidity values. In this work, a humidity sensor with a good response to humidity was prepared using in situ polymerization of PPy in filter paper doping with acetic acid. A possible sensing mechanism of conductive polymers is proposed and the conjecture is verified by experiments. The results demonstrated that the PPy/filter paper-based humidity sensor provides an electron migration channel with the capability of detecting the relative humidity. External humidity stimulation can regulate the electrochemical reaction of PPy. The reduction reaction occurs near the water side to generate the nucleophilic product OH–. The PPy system loses electrons to form carrier directional channels, resulting in changes in the output voltage measured between the two electrodes. The PPy/filter paper-based humidity sensor exhibits the moisture dependent voltage response over a wide range from a relative humidity of 11–98%, and a response/recovery time of 43/51 s as it was placed between relative humidity of 33% and 98%. In addition, unlike the traditional sensing mechanism, the voltage sensing mechanism raised here shows self-powered ability with no need for an additional power unit. This provides a new idea for self-powered sensor devices, and this sensor shows good performance in non-contact sensing applications such as breath detection.
Extracting Vessel Speed Based on Machine Learning and Drone Images during Ship Traffic Flow Prediction

In the water transportation, ship speed estimation has become a key subject of intelligent shipping research. Traditionally, Automatic Identification System (AIS) is used to extract the ship speed information. However, transportation environment is gradually becoming complex, especially in the busy water, leading to the loss of some AIS data and resulting in a variety of maritime accidents. To make up for this deficiency, this paper proposes a vessel speed extraction framework, based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) airborne video. Firstly, YOLO v4 is employed to detect the ship targets in UAV image precisely. Secondly, a simple online and real time tracking method with a Deep association metric (Deep SORT) is applied to track ship targets with high quality. Finally, the ship motion pixel is computed based on the bounding box information of the ship trajectories, at the same time, the ship speed is estimated according to the mapping relationship between image space and the real space. Exhaustive experiments are conducted on the various scenarios. Results verify that the proposed framework has an excellent performance with average speed measurement accuracy is above 93% in complex waters. This paper also paves a way to further predict ship traffic flow in water transportation.
Three-year evaluation of a novel, nonfluoroscopic, all-artificial model for EUS-guided biliary drainage training for the impact to practice: A prospective observational study (with videos)

Background and Objectives: EUS-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD) required a dedicated training. We developed and evaluated a nonfluoroscopic, all-artificial training model known as Thai Association for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Model 2 (TAGE-2) for the training of EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HGS) and EUS-guided choledochoduodenostomy (EUS-CDS). We hypothesize that trainers and trainees would appreciate the ease of the nonfluoroscopy model and increase their confidence to start their real procedures in humans. Materials and Methods: We prospectively evaluated the TAGE-2 launched in two international EUS hands-on workshops and have followed trainees for 3 years to see long-term outcomes. After completing the training procedure, the participants answered questionnaires to assess their immediate satisfaction of the models in and also the impact of these models on their clinical practice 3 years after the workshop. Results: A total of 28 participants used the EUS-HGS model and 45 participants used the EUS-CDS model. The EUS-HGS model was rated as excellent by 60% of beginners and 40% by experienced and the EUS-CDS model was rated as excellent by 62.5% of beginners and 57.2% of experienced. The majority of trainees (85.7%) have started the EUS-BD procedure in humans without additional training in other models. Conclusion: Our nonfluoroscopic, all-artificial model for EUS-BD training is convenient to be used with good-to-excellent satisfaction scored by the participants in most aspects. It can help the majority of trainees start their procedures in humans without additional training in other models.
ENERGETIC GAMMA RADIATION FROM RAPIDLY ROTATING BLACK HOLES

Supermassive black holes (BHs) are believed to be the central powerhouse of active galactic nuclei. Applying the pulsar outer-magnetospheric particle accelerator theory to BH magnetospheres, we demonstrate that an electric field is exerted along the magnetic field lines near the event horizon of a rotating BH. In this particle accelerator (or a gap), electrons and positrons are created by photon–photon collisions and accelerated in the opposite directions by this electric field, efficiently emitting gamma-rays via curvature and inverse-Compton processes. It is shown that a gap arises around the null-charge surface formed by the frame-dragging effect, provided that there is no current injection across the gap boundaries. The gap is dissipating a part of the hole’s rotational energy, and the resultant gamma-ray luminosity increases with decreasing plasma accretion from the surroundings. Considering an extremely rotating supermassive BH, we show that such a gap reproduces the significant very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray flux observed from the radio galaxy IC 310, provided that the accretion rate becomes much less than the Eddington rate particularly during its flare phase. It is found that the curvature process dominates the inverse-Compton process in the magnetosphere of IC 310, and that the observed power-law-like spectrum in VHE gamma-rays can be explained to some extent by a superposition of the curvature emissions with varying curvature radius. It is predicted that the VHE spectrum extends into higher energies with increasing VHE photon flux.
CMB constraints on dark matter models with large annihilation cross section

The injection of secondary particles produced by dark matter (DM) annihilation around redshift {approx}1000 would inevitably affect the process of recombination, leaving an imprint on cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies and polarization. We show that the most recent CMB measurements provided by the WMAP satellite mission place interesting constraints on DM self-annihilation rates, especially for models that exhibit a large Sommerfeld enhancement of the annihilation cross section, as recently proposed to fit the PAMELA and ATIC results. Furthermore, we argue that upcoming CMB experiments such as Planck, will improve the constraints by at least 1 order of magnitude, thus providing a sensitive probe of the properties of DM particles.
Cumulants of time-integrated observables of closed quantum systems and PT symmetry with an application to the quantum Ising chain

We study the connection between the cumulants of a time-integrated observable of a quantum system and the PT-symmetry properties of the non-Hermitian deformation of the Hamiltonian from which the generating function of these cumulants is obtained. This non-Hermitian Hamiltonian can display regimes of broken and of unbroken PT-symmetry, depending on the parameters of the problem and on the counting field that sets the strength of the non-Hermitian perturbation. This in turn determines the analytic structure of the long-time cumulant generating function (CGF) for the time-integrated observable. We consider in particular the case of the time-integrated (longitudinal) magnetisation in the one-dimensional Ising model in a transverse field. We show that its long-time CGF is singular on a curve in the magnetic field/counting field plane that delimits a regime where PT-symmetry is spontaneously broken (which includes the static ferromagnetic phase), from one where it is preserved (which includes the static paramagnetic phase). In the paramagnetic phase, conservation of PT -symmetry implies that all cumulants are sub-linear in time, a behaviour usually associated to the absence of decorrelation.