Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adaptive control of the TORA system with partial state constraint

In this paper, we consider the problem of stabilization of a translational oscillator with a rotational actuator (TORA) system. In practical applications, TORA systems usually suffer from parametric uncertainties. Moreover, existing control methods for TORA systems cannot guarantee the rotational scope of the actuator and often lead to unwanted unwinding behaviour. To handle these issues, we present an adaptive control strategy for TORA systems with uncertain or unknown parameters, which is robust to parameter uncertainties and can guarantee that the rotational actuator rotates in a preset range. Specifically, a Lyapunov function is elegantly constructed on the basis of the nonlinear interaction between the translational oscillator and the eccentric rotational proof mass. Then an adaptive control method, along with an online estimation mechanism, is proposed straightforwardly and the stability of the closed-loop system is proven, invoking Lyapunov techniques and LaSalle’s invariance principle. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the performance of the presented method.
PDB_Amyloid: an extended live amyloid structure list from the PDB

The Protein Data Bank (PDB) contains more than 135 000 entries at present. From these, relatively few amyloid structures can be identified, since amyloids are insoluble in water. Therefore, most amyloid structures deposited in the PDB are in the form of solid state NMR data. Based on the geometric analysis of these deposited structures, we have prepared an automatically updated web server, which generates a list of the deposited amyloid structures, and also entries of globular proteins that have amyloid‐like substructures of given size and characteristics. We have found that by applying only appropriately selected geometric conditions, it is possible to identify deposited amyloid structures and a number of globular proteins with amyloid‐like substructures. We have analyzed these globular proteins and have found proof in the literature that many of them form amyloids more easily than many other globular proteins. Our results relate to the method of Stanković et al. [Stanković I et al. (2017) IPSI BgD Tran Int Res 13, 47–51], who applied a hybrid textual‐search and geometric approach for finding amyloids in the PDB. If one intends to identify a subset of the PDB for certain applications, the identification algorithm needs to be re‐run periodically, since in 2017 on average 30 new entries per day were deposited in the data bank. Our web server is updated regularly and automatically, and the identified amyloid and partial amyloid structures can be viewed or their list can be downloaded from the following website https://pitgroup.org/amyloid.
A stellar census in globular clusters with MUSE: Binaries in NGC 3201

We utilise multi-epoch MUSE spectroscopy to study binary stars in the core of the Galactic globular cluster NGC 3201. Our sample consists of 3553 stars with 54 883 spectra in total comprising 3200 main-sequence stars up to 4 magnitudes below the turn-off. Each star in our sample has between 3 and 63 (with a median of 14) reliable radial velocity measurements within five years of observations. We introduce a statistical method to determine the probability of a star showing radial velocity variations based on the whole inhomogeneous radial velocity sample. Using HST photometry and an advanced dynamical MOCCA simulation of this specific cluster we overcome observational biases that previous spectroscopic studies had to deal with. This allows us to infer a binary frequency in the MUSE field of view and enables us to deduce the underlying true binary frequency of (6.75 ± 0.72)% in NGC 3201. The comparison of the MUSE observations with the MOCCA simulation suggests a large portion of primordial binaries. We can also confirm a radial increase in the binary fraction towards the cluster centre due to mass segregation. We discovered that in the core of NGC 3201 at least (57.5 ± 7.9)% of blue straggler stars are in a binary system. For the first time in a study of globular clusters, we were able to fit Keplerian orbits to a significant sample of 95 binaries. We present the binary system properties of eleven blue straggler stars and the connection to SX Phoenicis-type stars. We show evidence that two blue straggler formation scenarios, the mass transfer in binary (or triple) star systems and the coalescence due to binary-binary interactions, are present in our data. We also describe the binary and spectroscopic properties of four sub-subgiant (or red straggler) stars. Furthermore, we discovered two new black hole candidates with minimum masses (M sin i) of (7.68 ± 0.50) M⊙, (4.4 ± 2.8) M⊙, and refine the minimum mass estimate on the already published black hole to (4.53 ± 0.21) M⊙. These black holes are consistent with an extensive black hole subsystem hosted by NGC 3201.
A stellar census in globular clusters with MUSE: The contribution of rotation to cluster dynamics studied with 200 000 stars

This is the first of a series of papers presenting the results from our survey of 25 Galactic globular clusters with the MUSE integral-field spectrograph. In combination with our dedicated algorithm for source deblending, MUSE provides unique multiplex capabilities in crowded stellar fields and allows us to acquire samples of up to 20 000 stars within the half-light radius of each cluster. The present paper focuses on the analysis of the internal dynamics of 22 out of the 25 clusters, using about 500 000 spectra of 200 000 individual stars. Thanks to the large stellar samples per cluster, we are able to perform a detailed analysis of the central rotation and dispersion fields using both radial profiles and two-dimensional maps. The velocity dispersion profiles we derive show a good general agreement with existing radial velocity studies but typically reach closer to the cluster centres. By comparison with proper motion data we derive or update the dynamical distance estimates to 14 clusters. Compared to previous dynamical distance estimates for 47 Tuc, our value is in much better agreement with other methods. We further find significant (>3sigma) rotation in the majority (13/22) of our clusters. Our analysis seems to confirm earlier findings of a link between rotation and the ellipticities of globular clusters. In addition, we find a correlation between the strengths of internal rotation and the relaxation times of the clusters, suggesting that the central rotation fields are relics of the cluster formation that are gradually dissipated via two-body relaxation.
Tank-treading of microcapsules in shear flow

We investigated experimentally the deformation of soft microcapsules and the dynamics of their membrane in simple shear flows. Firstly, the tank-treading motion, i.e. the rotation of the membrane, was visualized and quantified by tracking particles included in the membrane by a new protocol. The period of membrane rotation increased quadratically with the extension of the long axis. The tracking of the distance between two close microparticles showed membrane contraction at the tips and stretching on the sides, a specific property of soft particles such as capsules. The present experimental results are discussed in regard to previous numerical simulations. This analysis showed that the variation of the tank-treading period with the Taylor parameter (deformation) cannot be explained by purely elastic membrane models. It suggests a strong effect of membrane viscosity whose order of magnitude is determined. Secondly, two distinct shapes of sheared microcapsules were observed. For moderate deformations, the shape was a steady ellipsoid in the shear plane. For larger deformations, the capsule became asymmetric and presented an S-like shape. When the viscous shear stress increased by three orders of magnitude, the short axis decreased by 70 % whereas the long axis increased by 100 % before any break-up. The inclination angle decreased from 40° to 8°, almost aligned with the flow direction as expected by theory and numerics on capsules and from experiments, theory and numerics on drops and vesicles. Whatever the microcapsule size and the concentration of proteins, the characteristic lengths of the shape, the Taylor parameter and the inclination angle satisfy master curves versus the long axis or the normalized shear stress or the capillary number in agreement with theory for non-negligible membrane viscosity in the regime of moderate deformations. Finally, we observed that very small deviation from sphericity gave rise to swinging motion, i.e. shape oscillations, in the small-deformation regime. In conclusion, this study of tank-treading motion supports the role of membrane viscosity on the dynamics of microcapsules in shear flow by independent methods that compare experimental data both with numerical results in the regime of large deformations and with theory in the regime of moderate deformations.
Robust coarse spaces for Abstract Schwarz preconditioners via generalized eigenproblems

The solution of large sparse linear systems is one of the most important kernels in many numerical simulations. The domain decomposition methods (DDM) community has developed many efficient and robust solvers in the last decades. While many of these solvers fall in Abstract Schwarz (AS) framework, their robustness has often been demonstrated on a case-by-case basis. In this paper, we propose a bound for the condition number of all deflated AS methods provided that the coarse grid consists of the assembly of local components that contain the kernel of some local operators. We show that classical results from the literature on particular instances of AS methods can be retrieved from this bound. We then show that such a coarse grid correction can be explicitly obtained algebraically via generalized eigenproblems, leading to a condition number independent of the number of domains. This result can be readily applied to retrieve the bounds previously obtained via generalized eigenproblems in the particular cases of Neumann-Neumann (NN), additive Schwarz (aS) and optimized Robin but also generalizes them when applied with approximate local solvers. Interestingly, the proposed methodology turns out to be a comparison of the considered particular AS method with generalized versions of both NN and aS for tackling the lower and upper part of the spectrum, respectively. We furthermore show that the application of the considered grid corrections in an additive fashion is robust in the aS case although it is not robust for AS methods in general. In particular, the proposed framework allows for ensuring the robustness of the aS method applied on the Schur complement (aS/S), either with deflation or additively, and with the freedom of relying on an approximate local Schur complement, leading to a new powerful and versatile substructuring method. Numerical experiments illustrate these statements.
REVISITING DISTRIBUTED SYNCHRONOUS SGD

In 2012, Dean et al. (2012) presented their approach for a distributed stochastic gradient descent algorithm. It consists of two main ingredients. First, the parameters of the model can be distributed on multiple servers, depending on the architecture. This set of servers are called the parameter servers. Second, there can be multiple workers processing data in parallel and communicating with the parameter servers. Each worker processes a mini-batch of data independently of the other ones, as follows:
Model-Based Testing: An Evaluation

Testing is a critical activity in the software development process in order to obtain systems of high quality. Tieto typically develops complex systems, which are currently tested through a large number of manually designed test cases. Recent development within software testing has resulted in methods and tools that can automate the test case design, the generation of test code and the test result evaluation based on a model of the system under test. This testing approach is called model-based testing (MBT). This thesis is a feasibility study of the model-based testing concept and has been performed at the Tieto office in Karlstad. The feasibility study included the use and evaluation of the model-based testing tool Qtronic, developed by Conformiq, which automatically designs test cases given a model of the system under test as input. The experiments for the feasibility study were based on the incremental development of a test object, which was the client protocol module of a simplified model for an ATM (Automated Teller Machine) client-server system. The experiments were evaluated both individually and by comparison with the previous experiment since they were based on incremental development. For each experiment the different tasks in the process of testing using Qtronic were analyzed to document the experience gained as well as to identify strengths and weaknesses. The project has shown the promise inherent in using a model-based testing approach. The application of model-based testing and the project results indicate that the approach should be further evaluated since experience will be crucial if the approach is to be adopted within Tieto’s organization.
Hypercolumns for Object Segmentation and Fine-grained Localization

Features based on convolutional networks (CNNs) [6] have now led to the best results on a range of recognition tasks [2]. Typically, recognition algorithms use the output of the last layer of the CNN. This makes sense when the task is assigning category labels to images or bounding boxes: the last layer is the most sensitive to category-level semantic information and the most invariant to “nuisance" variables such as pose, illumination, articulation, precise location and so on. However, when the task we are interested in is finer-grained, such as one of segmenting the detected object or estimating its pose, these nuisance variables are precisely what we are interested in. For such applications, the top layer is thus not the optimal representation. The information that is generalized over in the top layer is present in intermediate layers, but intermediate layers are also much less sensitive to semantics. For instance, bar detectors in early layers might localize bars precisely but cannot discriminate between bars that are horse legs and bars that are tree trunks. This observation suggests that reasoning at multiple levels of abstraction and scale is necessary, mirroring other problems in computer vision (such as optical flow) where reasoning across multiple levels has proved beneficial. In this paper, we think of the layers of the convolutional network as a non-linear counterpart of the image pyramids used in other vision tasks. Our hypothesis is that the information of interest is distributed over all levels of the CNN and should be exploited in this way. We define the “hypercolumn" at a given input location as the outputs of all units above that location at all layers of the CNN, stacked into one vector. (Because adjacent layers are correlated, in practice we need not consider all the layers but can simply sample a few.) Figure 1 shows a visualization of the idea. We borrow the term “hypercolumn" from neuroscience, where it is used to describe a set of V1 neurons sensitive to edges at multiple orientations and multiple frequencies arranged in a columnar structure [5]. However, our hypercolumn includes not just edge detectors but also more semantic units and is thus a more general notion. We show the utility of the hypercolumn representation on two kinds of problems that require precise localization. The first problem is simultaneous detection and segmentation (SDS) [4], where the aim is to both detect and segment every instance of the category in the image. The second problem deals with detecting an object and localizing its parts. We consider two variants of this: one, locating the keypoints [7], and two, segmenting out each part [1].
ORTAÖĞRETİM ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN BEDEN EĞİTİMİ VE SPORA İLİŞKİN TUTUMLARI

The purpose of this study was to determine the attitudes and opinions the students attending secondary school in physical education and sports course based on several variables. This research was held 9 th grade students on 2010-2011 academic year at Denizli. The students are participated in physical education and sports course, any of his family or himself involved in sports and non-vocational high school 168 (34 girls and 134 boys) and Anatolian high school 150(86 female and 64 male). To measure student attitudes Demirhan and Altay (2001) developed by the “Physical Education and Sports Attitude Scale” were used. Independent groupst-test was used for the analysisi of all sub-problems. Students’ physical education and sport attitude scale scores by gender shows a sihnificant difference (t(316)= -4,351, p<0,05). Attitudes of men (X=98,470)more positive than girls (X=91,075), according to the type of school don’t differ significanly (t (316)=1,183, p<0,05). Both types of students in school average scores close to each other. According to state his or her family to one of the sport shows no significant difference (t(316)=6,148, p<0,05). According to the research, the general attitude scores of students, male students and students who sports one of his or his family attitude scores were high. There was no significant difference by type of school.
Polarimetric ISAR imaging to identify basic scattering mechanisms using transient signatures

Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, ch a ^ ) are re­ produced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-h ind comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. These are also available as one exposure on a standard 35mm slide or as a 17" x 23" black and w hite photographic print for an additional charge.
Vecteurs propres de matrices aléatoires: Convergence de fluctuations

Cet ouvrage, de base un memoire de master, represente une etude sur le comportement asymptotique des vecteurs propres de matrices aleatoires dans un cadre universel. Ce dernier consiste a une sorte de generalisation du cas gaussien GUE/GOE ou les vecteurs propres sont bien distribues asymptotiquement selon la mesure de Haar sur le groupe unitaire/orthogonal. Il est destine aux mathematiciens chercheurs, surtout dans le domaine des probabilites et statistiques.
Emerging Infections: Microbial Threats to Health in the United States

Aware that infectious diseases, contrary to popular conception, still constitute the leading cause of death worldwide, the Institute of Medicine convened a 19-member multidisciplinary committee to conduct an 18-month study of emerging microbial threats to health. This committee was charged with identifying emerging infectious diseases and recommending steps for their control in the future. The results of their deliberations and those of four task forces convened by the committee are presented in this important volume. "Would the current acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic have been better controlled if an effective global infectious disease surveillance system had been in place in the 1960s? " Although the details sometimes make heavy going, the executive summary provides a cogent and concise rundown that should be essential reading for public health professionals and, most important, for political figures responsible for the funding of public health activities. The factors favoring emergence of new infectious disease threats are
Fast, Accurate Detection of 100,000 Object Classes on a Single Machine: Technical Supplement

In the paper [1] published in CVPR, we presented a method that can directly use deformable part models (DPMs) trained as in [3]. After training, HOG based part filters are hashed, and, during inference, counts of hashing collisions summed over all hash bands serve as a proxy for part-filter / sliding-window dot products, i.e., filter responses. These counts are an approximation and so we take the original HOG-based filters for the top hash counts and calculate the exact dot products for scoring. It is possible to train DPM models not on HOG data but on a hashed WTA [4] version of this data. The resulting part filters are sparse, real-valued vectors the size of WTA vectors computed from sliding windows. Given the WTA hash of a window, we exactly recover dot products of the top responses using an extension of locality-sensitive hashing. In this supplement, we sketch a method for training such WTA-based models.
High‐order mismatched disturbance rejection control for small‐scale unmanned helicopter via continuous nonsingular terminal sliding‐mode approach

In this paper, the problem of finite‐time control for small‐scale unmanned helicopter system with high‐order mismatched disturbance is investigated via continuous nonsingular terminal sliding‐mode control approach. The key idea is to design a novel nonlinear dynamic sliding‐mode surface based on finite‐time disturbance observer. Then, the finite‐time convergence and chattering attenuation capability is guaranteed by the continuous nonsingular terminal sliding‐mode control law. Additionally, rigorous finite‐time stability analysis for the closed‐loop helicopter system is given by means of the Lyapunov theory. Finally, some simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and predominant properties of the proposed control method for the small‐scale unmanned helicopter even in the presence of high‐order mismatched disturbance.
Prevalence of Anemia and Associated Factors in Child Bearing Age Women in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Objective. To determine the prevalence and risk factors for anemia in child bearing age women in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Design. Cross-sectional survey was conducted using two-stage cluster sampling. 25 clusters (primary health care centers (PHCC)) were identified from all over Riyadh, and 45–50 households were randomly selected from each cluster. Eligible women were invited to PHCC for questionnaire filling, anthropometric measurements, and complete blood count. Blood hemoglobin was measured with Coulter Cellular Analysis System using light scatter method. Setting. PHCC. Subjects. 969 (68%) women out of 1429 women were included in the analysis. Results. Mean hemoglobin was 12.35 (±1.80) g/dL, 95% CI 12.24–12.46 with interquartile range of 1.9. Anemia (Hb <12 g/dL) was present in 40% (390) women. Mean (±SD) for MCH, MCV, MCHC, and RDW was 79.21 (±12.17) fL, 26.37 (±6.21) pg, 32.36 (±4.91) g/dL, and 14.84 (±4.65)%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that having family history of iron deficiency anemia (OR 2.91, 95% CI 1.78–4.76) and infrequent intake of meat (OR 1.54, 95%CI 1.15–2.05) were associated with increased risk of anemia, whereas increasing body mass index (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.92–0.97) was associated with reduced risk of anemia. Conclusion. Women should be educated about proper diet and reproductive issues in order to reduce the prevalence of anemia in Saudi Arabia.