Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Patient-Specific Exercises with the Development of an End-Effector Type Upper Limb Rehabilitation Robot

End-effector type upper limb rehabilitation robots (ULRRs) are connected to patients at one distal point, making them have simple structures and less complex control algorithms, and they can avoid abnormal motion and posture of the target anatomical joints and specific muscles. Given that the end-effector type ULRR focuses more on the rehabilitation of the combined motion of upper limb chain, assisting the patient to perform collaborative tasks, and its intervention has some advantages than the exoskeleton type ULRR, we developed a novel three-degree-of-freedom (DOF) end-effector type ULRR. The advantage of the mechanical design is that the designed end-effector type ULRR can achieve three DOFs by using a four-bar mechanism and a lifting mechanism; we also developed the patient-specific exercises including patient-passive exercise and patient-cooperative exercise, and the advantage of the developed patient-cooperative exercise is that we simplified the human-robot coupling system model into a single spring system instead of the mass-spring-damp system, which efficiently improved the response speed of the control system. In terms of the organization structure of the work, we introduced the end-effector type ULRR's mechanical design, control system, inverse solution of positions, patient-passive exercise based on the inverse solution of positions and the linear position interpolation of servo drives, and patient-cooperative exercise based on the spring model, in sequence. Experiments with three healthy subjects have been conducted, with results showing good trajectory tracking performance in patient-passive exercise and showing effective, flexible, and good real-time interactive performance in patient-cooperative exercise.
Providing Clarity on Big Data: Discussing Its Definition and the Most Relevant Data Characteristics

: For many years now, the domain of big data has received lots of attention, as numerous studies, reports, and research articles reveal. Up to this date, a multitude of different definitions, guidelines, technologies, architectures, and best practices appeared that were supposed to provide clarity in the jungle of existing solutions. Instead, it led to further confusion regarding the general nature and the applicability of big data. To overcome those obstacles in detail, in the following, a thorough description of the term big data. To elucidate those obstacles, in the following, some of the most important aspects regarding the terminology as well as the essence of big data as a concept are discussed. Hereby, subsequent researchers as well as practitioners interested in the domain are provided with a strong base that further considerations and future projects can be built upon. This, in turn, hopefully helps to facilitate the progression of the domain as a whole as well as its further proliferation.
Aeronomy report no. 73: Analysis of sounding rocket data from Punta Chilca, Peru

A technique is described for measuring electron concentrations in the lower portion of the ionosphere above Punta Chilca. A radio-propagation experiment for measuring Faraday rotation is combined with a dc/Langmuir probe experiment for measuring electron current. The results obtained from the analysis of radio and probe data from Nike Apache 14.532, which was launched at 20:26 UT on May 28, 1975, at a solar zenith angle of 60 deg are presented. A comparison of the profiles of electron concentration indicates that the value of the maximum ionization in the D region under quiet conditions is proportional to the square of the cosine of the solar zenith angle.
The Steinhoff Corporate Scandal and the Protection of Investors Who Purchased Shares on the Secondary Market

The December 2017 revelations of accounting irregularities in the Steinhoff group resulted in the share price dropping more than 95%. Investors, including pension funds, lost millions. This contribution deals with some of the legal issues arising from the misstatement of the financial position of Steinhoff International Holdings NV and its South African predecessor Steinhoff International Holdings Ltd, which resulted in the inflation of its quoted share price. It considers how retail and institutional investors who had acquired their shares through trades on the regulated secondary market might recover the losses they suffered. The administrative penalty provisions in relation to market abuse are briefly considered but shown to be of very limited application as regards compensation to investors. Common-law delictual liability and statutory civil liability in terms of section 218(2) and section 20(6) of the Companies Act are considered in the context of the first reported attempt at the certification of a shareholder class action. Unfortunately, both the potential statutory remedies were interpreted so restrictively by the court in the class action certification application that they would hardly serve any purpose. The interpretations are shown to cause anomalies in the context of the Companies Act and to be out of step with established principles of company law. Also, the certification court's application of the reflective loss and proper plaintiff principles is questioned. Some of these issues might have been solved through further litigation, but for statutory compromise and composition mechanisms that brought a mutually acceptable early end to the uncertainty of protracted litigation.
A Bibliometric Analysis of Research on Teacher Emotions

This study mainly aims to reveal the bibliometric profile of research on teacher emotions. To this end, the study sought answers to seven research questions, including the most frequently used keywords and their relation networks, the frequency distribution of articles by country and the collaboration network between countries, the frequency distribution by years and the number of citations, the most prolific scholars, the most cited articles, the frequency distribution of articles by WoS categories, and the most prolific universities. The study employed the bibliometric method. The data were limited to the Web of Science and retrieved only from this database. The first search yielded a total of 598 publications. However, those who did not satisfy the criteria were excluded, and the analysis was conducted on the remaining 521 publications. The findings of the study can be summarized as follows. 255 keywords were used at least twice in the articles (excluding search terms). The top five keywords were "emotion regulation, teacher education, teaching, teacher identity, and emotional labour. " The researchers who published on teacher emotions were from 54 different countries, and the five countries with the most publications were the United States, China, Germany, Australia, and England.The most publications were in 2019. The top ten most prolific scholars published 70 articles, and the most cited articles were published in 2011.
Calpain inhibitors inhibit mitochondrial calpain activity to ameliorate apoptosis of cocultured myoblast

Cancer cachexia is a fatal syndrome associated with muscle regeneration disability. Tumor factors induce the apoptosis of myoblasts to impair the regeneration of skeletal muscle. Cancer cachectic myoblast apoptosis is associated with mitochondria injury. It has been reported that activated mitochondrial calpain caused mitochondria injury in mouse cardiomyocytes and pulmonary smooth muscle. We wondered if mitochondrial calpains exist in skeletal myoblast and their potential role in myoblast apoptosis of cancer cachexia. We used a transwell to build a novel myoblast-carcinoma cell coculture model to simulate the cancer cachexia environment in vitro. Calpain inhibitors, calpastatin (CAST) and calpeptin (CAPT), were used during coculture. We found for the first time that two calpains (calpain-1 and calpain-2) and CAST were present in the mitochondria of myoblast. The activation of mitochondrial calpain decreased mitochondrial complex I activity, promoted mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, and impaired mitochondrial membrane potential in myoblast during coculture, which induced myoblasts apoptosis. CAST and CAPT protected myoblasts from apoptosis by inhibiting mitochondrial calpain activity, which may attenuate or even reverse cancer cachectic muscle atrophy by improving muscle regeneration ability. Our study provides a new perspective for understanding the mechanism of cancer cachexia, and will further contribute to treat cancer cachexia by focusing on the mitochondrial calpain activity.
The Effect of Psychological Skill Training Program and Positive Feedback on Handball Player’s Self-Efficacy Beliefs and their Shot Accuracy

Background. Recent research has revealed the importance of psychological skills training and various physiological exercises to improve sporting performance. In light of all these facts, knowing that psychological skills training is necessary to improve sporting performance, and knowing the importance of the psychological performance program to develop these skills and ensure the control and stability of emotions, particularly in adolescence, led to the emergence of this study. Objectives. This study aimed to understand the effect of 10-week psychological skills training and positive feedback on handball players’ self-efficacy beliefs and shot accuracy. Methods. Thirty-eight female handball players aged between 15 and 19 were included in two study groups and one control group. Whereas the first study group received psychological skill training, the second group received planned positive feedback and psychological skills training. The data were collected through a personal information form, a self-efficacy scale (five-point Likert-type scale), and a shot accuracy measurement scale. Then the pretest-posttest controlled group patterned model was used to determine the differences between the groups. GraphPad Prism 8 was used for statistical analysis with the conventional method. Results. 10-week psychological skills training increased the self-efficacy performance of young handball players in both study groups compared to their pretest results (P<0.01), and the increase was significant in study group 2 compared to the control group (P<0.01). The results also showed that the psychological skills training increased the performance of the shot accuracy of the handball players in both study groups compared to their pretest results. Still, the increase was significant in the study group receiving positive feedback (P<0.001). Moreover, the increase in the shot accuracy test performance of the positive feedback-receiving group was higher than the control and non-receiving group (P<0.01 and P<0.001, respectively). Conclusion. In conclusion, this study determined that the psychological skills training program increased the handball players’ self-efficacy and shot accuracy. Positive feedback strengthened the effect of the training even more on the self-efficacy beliefs and shot accuracy performance of the young athletes.
Robust Recommendation Algorithm Based on User Suspicious Probability and Item Weight

: With the extensive development of recommendation technology, the threat of shilling attacks faced by the existing collaborative recommendation algorithms is also increasing sharply. To face more and more complex shilling attacks, this paper constructs a robust recommendation algorithm that can resist shilling attacks from the perspective of recommendation algorithm. Existing robust recommendation algorithms usually improve robustness by sacrificing some recommendation accuracy and reduce the recommendation accuracy. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a robust recommendation algorithm based on user suspicious probability and item weight. Firstly, we establish the relevance vector machine classifier according to user profile features to evaluate user suspicious probability in the database. Secondly, we construct singular value decomposition algorithm based on Hebbian learning and matrix factorization algorithm by integrating user suspicion information. Finally, a dynamic weighting scheme is used in combination with the above algorithm and the collaborative filtering algorithm based on item weight, and the above algorithms are mixed according to a certain weight to obtain a robust collaborative filtering algorithm SRICF. By adjusting the weight ratio, advantages of each algorithm are brought into play, thereby improving recommendation accuracy and robustness of the algorithm. Experimental results show that our algorithm has good prediction accuracy and robustness compared with other single algorithms.
Theoretical evidence for the semi-insulating character of AlN

We present ab initio density-functional calculations for acceptors, donors, and native defects in aluminum nitride, showing that acceptors are deeper (Be∼0.25 eV, Mg∼0.45 eV) and less soluble than in GaN; at further variance with GaN, both the extrinsic donors SiAl and CAl, and the native donor VN (the anion vacancy) are found to be deep (about 1 to 3 eV below the conduction). We thus predict that doped AlN will generally turn out to be semi-insulating in the normally achieved Al-rich conditions, in agreement with the known doping difficulties of high-x AlxGa1−xN alloys.
Progress of Metal Halide Perovskite Crystals From a Crystal Growth Point of View

Metal halide perovskites are demonstrated to show fascinating optical and electronic properties, including highly efficient luminescence, outstanding carrier transport behavior, and large light absorption coefficient. In particular, halide perovskite single crystals are characterized with superior optoelectronic performance and enhanced stability, emerging as competitive candidates for applications in solar cells, light‐emitting diodes, lasers, photodetectors, and high‐energy radiation detectors. Recently, remarkable advances have been achieved to grow perovskite single crystals, while there are also many challenges in the control of growth defects and further improvement of the crystal quality. Concerning these factors, recent progress of metal halide perovskite crystals from the view of crystal growth is systematically summarized. Moreover, some ongoing challenges and perspectives for halide perovskite crystals are also proposed, which will possibly provide deeper insight into the exploration of novel perovskite crystals and related devices.
Voice instabilities due to source-tract interactions

Interactions of voice source and vocal tract resonances are of particular interest with respect to register transitions and bioacoustics. There is experimental evidence that singing into a tube generates nonlinear phenomena around matching frequencies of the pitch and the first formant. In the present study, we analyze a simplified two-mass model coupled to a straight tube. The essential parameters of the systems are varied systematically to localize instability regions in parameter space. The resulting bifurcation diagrams reveal subharmonic vibrations and deterministic chaos if the pitch and the first formant coincide. The computer simulations closely resemble published experimental observations. Furthermore, we demonstrate the role of coupling strength as the cause of instability. Small tube cross sectional areas and sufficiently large pressures are responsible for additional instability regions around second pitch harmonic and formant resonance. The results indicate that under certain circumstances source-tract interactions induce quite complex voice instabilities, even for symmetric vocal folds. These include frequency jumps, subharmonic regimes and chaos. The possible relevance for the soprano whistle voice and animal vocalization is discussed.
Structural Insights into Common and Host-Specific Receptor-Binding Mechanisms in Algal Picorna-like Viruses

Marnaviridae viruses are abundant algal viruses that regulate the dynamics of algal blooms in aquatic environments. They employ a narrow host range because they merely lyse their algal host species. This host-specific lysis is thought to correspond to the unique receptor-binding mechanism of the Marnaviridae viruses. Here, we present the atomic structures of the full and empty capsids of Chaetoceros socialis forma radians RNA virus 1 built-in 3.0 Å and 3.1 Å cryo-electron microscopy maps. The empty capsid structure and the structural variability provide insights into its assembly and uncoating intermediates. In conjunction with the previously reported atomic model of the Chaetoceros tenuissimus RNA virus type II capsid, we have identified the common and diverse structural features of the VP1 surface between the Marnaviridae viruses. We have also tested the potential usage of AlphaFold2 for structural prediction of the VP1s and a subsequent structural phylogeny for classifying Marnaviridae viruses by their hosts. These findings will be crucial for inferring the host-specific receptor-binding mechanism in Marnaviridae viruses.
Uji Potensi Antijerawat Secara In Vitro dan Ex Vivo dari Ekstrak Etanol Herba Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

Bakteri Propionibacterium acnes merupakan salah satu bakteri penyebab jerawat. Permasalahan jerawat dapat dikendalikan dengan tanaman herbal yaitu herba alfalfa. Kandungan flavonoid dalam herba alfalfa berkhasiat sebagai antijerawat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menetapkan kadar flavonoid total serta pengujian potensi ekstrak etanol herba alfalfa (EEHA) sebagai antijerawat secara in vitro dan ex vivo yang diinduksi bakteri Propionibacterium acnes. Penetapan kadar flavonoid total menggunakan metode spektrofotometer dengan pembanding kuersetin. Pengujian ekstrak etanol herba alfalfa secara in vitro menggunakan metode difusi cakram pada seri konsentrasi 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, dan 80%. Sementara itu, pengujian ekstrak secara ex vivo menggunakan kelinci yang diinduksi bakteri Propionibacterium acnes secara intradermal pada 3 konsentrasi optimal dari uji in vitro (50%, 60%, dan70%). Parameter pengujian ini berupa diameter daerah hambat dan penurunan diameter eritema. Ekstrak etanol herba alfalfa mengandung flavonoid total sebesar 2,323 mgQE/g. Seluruh konsentrasi ekstrak etanol herba alfalfa memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap P. acnes dengan rata rata diameter daerah hambat iradikal masing masing 14,60 mm; 14,89 mm; 15,56 mm; 16,52 mm; dan 18,59 mm. Persentase rata-rata penurunan diameter eritema secara ex vivo pada ekstrak etanol herba alfalfa (50%, 60% dan 70%) secara berturut-turut sebesar 48,70%; 48,26% dan 54,09%.
A dynamically based transport parameterization for one-dimensional photochemical models

The net vertical tracer flux in the stratosphere is due primarily to advection by the global-scale mean meridional circulation, not to diffusion by turbulent eddies. Using a simple model of this circulation, it is shown that the net flux can be approximated by a flux-gradient relationship in which the vertical “eddy transport” coefficient is proportional to the square of the diabatic heating rate and inversely proportional to the rate at which meridional tracer gradients are destroyed by horizontal eddy mixing and chemical damping. Thus the transport coefficient will differ for tracers with differing chemical lifetimes. Profiles computed for various source gases (CH4, N2O, CF2Cl2, and CFCl3) show that this parameterization provides an improvement over conventional formulations that utilize a single transport coefficient for all species.
Is it socioeconomic or academic? Disentangling sources of peer effects on student achievement

Abstract Studies regarding school composition have been highly influential in the design of policies. However, methodological and conceptual controversies have hindered the emergence of a consensus on the existence, size, and direction of peer effects. Drawing on four cohorts of Chilean students (n = 620,044), this work analyses the extent to which the socioeconomic and academic classmates’ characteristics are associated with student attainment. The findings suggest a positive medium- to low-magnitude effect of increases in the peers’ academic performance. At the same time, there are almost no effects associated with changes in the classmates’ socioeconomic status. These findings are stable across school types and are not driven by the sorting of students within them. The results are interpreted in the context of a new nationwide reform aiming to foster school integration and taking advantage of peer effects interaction.
Corticosteroids Therapy for COVID-19-Induced Hyposmia and Anosmia

Objective: Hyposmia and anosmia are the most frequent complaints of patients with COVID-19. It can disappear after a short time or can last for an unknown period. Finding a suitable treatment for restoring the patients' smell. The objective of this study is to review the effects of numerous types of corticoids on COVID-19-induced hyposmia and anosmia. Method(s): A narrative literature review was performed to analyze the effects of different forms of corticosteroids in various dosages for the treatment of COVID-19-induced hyposmia and anosmia. Result(s): There is not a lot of data on the effects of corticosteroids on COVID-19-induced hyposmia and anosmia;however, despite little evidence for the efficacy of these drugs in hyposmia and anosmia caused by COVID-19, their effect in improving these symptoms whether in oral or nasal spray forms has been reported in recent literature. Most of the studies show that corticosteroids, whether nasal or systemic, are not as effective as they are thought to be. Conclusion(s): Using topical corticosteroids as nasal sprays or systemic corticosteroids cannot help to improve the patient's ability to smell. These methods were sometimes mixed with other methods such as olfactory training to improve the patient's olfactory sense. However, the results of the studies showed diversity in the efficacies of each treatment plan. In most of the studies which used olfactory training along with corticosteroid therapy as a therapy for hyposmia/anosmia induced by COVID-19, olfactory training showed a better result. Copyright@Author(s).
Research on Emotion and Decision Making in Workplace—Base on SPSS and AMOS

- Decision-making is an essential element of organizations’ success and employees in organizations, as decision-makers, deal with emotions every day. What role do emotions play in the workplace’s decision-making? This research mainly studies the influence of emotions on workplace decision-making. The participants include a total of employees in Chinese organizations regardless of the business size. Data was collected from 314 samples and was analyzed with SPSS and AMOS. Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient is calculated, and exploratory factors are analyzed using SPSS23.0, as well as testing Bartlett and KMO spheres. The model is supported by GIF. It is concluded that positive emotions are related to more radical, intuitive, and spontaneous decision making. This making could be increased by positive emotions and decreased by negative emotions. Avoidant decision-making could be decreased by positive emotions and be increased by negative emotions. Spontaneous decision-making could be increased by positive emotions but is not influenced by negative emotions. Organizations could possibly manage employees’ emotions to help organizations make better decisions.