Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Actors, legitimacy, and governance challenges facing negative emissions and solar geoengineering technologies

ABSTRACT Institutional theory, behavioral science, sociology and even political science all emphasize the importance of actors in achieving social change. Despite this salience, the actors involved in researching, promoting, or deploying negative emissions and solar geoengineering technologies remain underexplored within the literature. In this study, based on a rigorous sample of semi-structured expert interviews (N = 125), we empirically explore the types of actors and groups associated with both negative emissions and solar geoengineering research and deployment. We investigate emergent knowledge networks and patterns of involvement across space and scale. We examine actors in terms of their support of, opposition to, or ambiguity regarding both types of climate interventions. We reveal incipient and perhaps unforeseen collections of actors; determine which sorts of actors are associated with different technology pathways to comprehend the locations of actor groups and potential patterns of elitism; and assess relative degrees of social acceptance, legitimacy, and governance.
Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Real-life Data on Liver Disease, Treatment and Prognosis

Background and Aims Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) have common features and differences. This real-life study investigated their characteristics, treatment modalities, and prognoses. Methods This retrospective comparative study was performed in 1,075 patients seen at one tertiary center between January 2008 and December 2020. Overall survival (OS) was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Subclassification of iCCAs after histological and radiological review, and molecular profiling was performed. Results HCCs patients were more likely to have early-stage disease than iCCA patients. iCCA patients were more likely to be female, especially those patients without cirrhosis (43% vs. 17%). Cirrhosis was prominent among HCC patients (89% vs. 34%), but no difference in underlying liver disease among cirrhotic patients was found. OS of HCC patients was 18.4 (95% CI: 6.4, 48.3) months, that of iCCA patients was 7.0 (95% CI: 3.4, 20.1) months. OS of Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer C HCC patients was 7.8 (95% CI: 4.3, 14.2) months, that of advanced/metastatic iCCA patients was 8.5 (95% CI: 5.7, 12.3) months. In patients treated with sorafenib, OS was longer in HCC patients who received subsequent tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapies. No significant OS difference was found between iCCA patients with and without cirrhosis or according to histological subtype. A targetable molecular alteration was detected in 50% of the iCCA patients. Conclusions In this French series, cirrhosis was common in iCCA, which showed etiological factors comparable to those of HCC, implying a distinct oncogenic pathway. Both entities had a dismal prognosis at advanced stages. However, systemic therapies sequencing in HCC and molecular profiling in iCCA offer new insights.
Cerebral Perfusion and Neuromonitoring during Complex Aortic Arch Surgery: A Narrative Review

Complex ascending and aortic arch surgery requires the implementation of different cerebral protection strategies to avoid or limit the probability of intraoperative brain damage during circulatory arrest. The etiology of the damage is multifactorial, involving cerebral embolism, hypoperfusion, hypoxia and inflammatory response. These protective strategies include the use of deep or moderate hypothermia to reduce the cerebral oxygen consumption, allowing the toleration of a variable period of absence of cerebral blood flow, and the use of different cerebral perfusion techniques, both anterograde and retrograde, on top of hypothermia, to avoid any period of intraoperative brain ischemia. In this narrative review, the pathophysiology of cerebral damage during aortic surgery is described. The different options for brain protection, including hypothermia, anterograde or retrograde cerebral perfusion, are also analyzed, with a critical review of the advantages and limitations under a technical point of view. Finally, the current systems of intraoperative brain monitoring are also discussed.
Experiments on Automatic Error Detection and Correction for Uruguayan Learners of English

This paper presents an initial experiment on Grammatical Error Correction and Automatic Grading for short texts written by Uruguayan students that are learning English. We present a set of error detection and correction heuristics, and some experiments on using these heuristics for predicting the grade. Although our experiments are limited due to the nature of the dataset, they are a good proof of concept with promising results that might be extended in the future.
Encapsulation of Bioactive Peptides by Spray-Drying and Electrospraying

Bioactive peptides derived from enzymatic hydrolysis are gaining attention for the production of supplements, pharmaceutical compounds, and functional foods. However, their inclusion in oral delivery systems is constrained by their high susceptibility to degradation during human gastrointestinal digestion. Encapsulating techniques can be used to stabilize functional ingredients, helping to maintain their activity after processing, storage, and digestion, thus improving their bioaccessibility. Monoaxial spray-drying and electrospraying are common and economical techniques used for the encapsulation of nutrients and bioactive compounds in both the pharmaceutical and food industries. Although less studied, the coaxial configuration of both techniques could potentially improve the stabilization of protein-based bioactives via the formation of shell–core structures. This article reviews the application of these techniques, both monoaxial and coaxial configurations, for the encapsulation of bioactive peptides and protein hydrolysates, focusing on the factors affecting the properties of the encapsulates, such as the formulation of the feed solution, selection of carrier and solvent, as well as the processing conditions used. Furthermore, this review covers the release, retention of bioactivity, and stability of peptide-loaded encapsulates after processing and digestion.
Mucosal Vaccination with Live Attenuated Bordetella bronchiseptica Protects against Challenge in Wistar Rats

Bordetella bronchiseptica (Bb) is a Gram-negative bacterium responsible for canine infectious respiratory disease complex (CIRDC). Several vaccines targeting this pathogen are currently licensed for use in dogs, but their mechanism of action and the correlates of protection are not fully understood. To investigate this, we used a rat model to examine the immune responses induced and the protection conferred by a canine mucosal vaccine after challenge. Wistar rats were vaccinated orally or intranasally on D0 and D21 with a live attenuated Bb vaccine strain. At D35, the rats of all groups were inoculated with 103 CFU of a pathogenic strain of B. bronchiseptica. Animals vaccinated via either the intranasal or the oral route had Bb-specific IgG and IgM in their serum and Bb-specific IgA in nasal lavages. Bacterial load in the trachea, lung, and nasal lavages was lower in vaccinated animals than in non-vaccinated control animals. Interestingly, coughing improved in the group vaccinated intranasally, but not in the orally vaccinated or control group. These results suggest that mucosal vaccination can induce mucosal immune responses and provide protection against a Bb challenge. This study also highlights the advantages of a rat model as a tool for studying candidate vaccines and routes of administration for dogs.
Bottlenecks of Gender Equality in West Oromia, Ethiopia

The study aimed at investigating bottlenecks of gender equality in West Oromia, Ethiopia. The study employed descriptive qualitative case study. Data collection methods were in-depth interview, key informant, observation and document review. The study vividly found out that traditionally, parents’ property is passed through men line, in which women have limited accessibility and controlling over the resources. The study also showed that women and men were paid differently for the same activities especially in informal sector. This devalued women’s work capability since their payment is varyingly treated for the same or similar tasks in daily laboring. Women are socially discriminated, excluded, negatively stereotyped and perceived as inferior and weak. It is also important to note that women are mythically discriminated, degraded and negatively labeled. The study recommends that in order to ensure and bring gender equality, these complicated bottlenecks should be addressed by engaging various stakeholders including public and private sectors, local and international non-governmental organizations and other concerned actors.
Engenharia e Avaliação de Features para Extração de Informação em Notas Fiscais

A correta identificação dos elementos constantes em notas fiscais eletrônicas é importante para diversas questões de fiscalização e transparência governamental, como identificação de sobrepreço em licitações públicas. Porém, esta identificação é um desafio tanto pela diversidade de produtos, quanto pelas variações e erros de preenchimento. Este artigo aplica técnicas de estado-da-arte em extração de informação para avaliar os melhores conjuntos de features para se aplicar em notas fiscais eletrônicas brasileiras. Os testes utilizaram dados de notas fiscais de medicamentos emitidas no Piauí em 2021.
Using Meshless Local Natural Neighbor Interpolation Method to Solve Two-Dimensional Nonlinear Problems

Based on the meshless local natural neighbor interpolation method (MLNNI), a novel solution procedure is developed for the analysis of nonlinear steady and transient heat transfer of two-dimensional structures in this paper. Nonlinearities arising from temperature dependence of material properties and nonlinear boundary conditions have been taken into account. The present method is developed based on the natural neighbor interpolation (NNI) for constructing shape functions at scattered nodes. The three-node triangular FEM shape function is employed as the test function, which reduces the orders of integrands involved in domain integrals. Due to the delta function property of the natural neighbor shape functions, there is no need to employ special techniques to enforce the essential boundary conditions. The backward difference method is employed for the time integration scheme in transient analysis and the Newton–Raphson iterative procedure is required at each time step. Three numerical examples with different geometries and boundary conditions are presented at the end to demonstrate the validity and accuracy of the proposed method for the solution of a wide class of nonlinear steady and transient heat transfer problems.
Green economy and waste management awareness

Due to the high population density of the world in the modern era, as well as the fact that more pollutants are thrown onto the Earth and more resources are spent purposefully, its inhabitants and resources are faced with the reality of environmental changes that can lead to catastrophe, if nothing is done. This article reveals the essence of the concepts of awareness of the green economy and waste management. The green economy is seen as a new path to sustainable development that extends the Earth's lifespan, protects natural resources, and benefits all living beings. The problem of the research is that people seem to be unaware of the relevance of the green economy and waste management, which is vital not only for human well-being, but also for the planet. The purpose of this article is to identify and evaluate people's awareness of waste management and the green economy, to increase the acceptance of the topic in general, to get a broader overview of the current business situation of how business people understand the topic from their point of view. The authors use a qualitative method by conducting semi-structured interviews on the Zoom platform. According to the results of the study, it is expected that businessmen are almost unaware of the concepts of the green economy, and the standard solutions do not fully consider the concepts of the green economy and waste management properly.
Single and Combined Effects of Preferred Music and Endpoint Knowledge on Jump Performance in Basketball Players

Both music and endpoint knowledge of exercise have been shown to independently influence exercise performance. However, whether these factors work as synergists or counteract one another during exercise is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the single and combined effect of listening to preferred music and types of endpoint knowledge on repeated countermovement jump (CMJ) test performance. Twenty-four (n = 24) current or previously competitive basketball players underwent CMJ testing under the following endpoint knowledge conditions: (1) unknown/no knowledge, (2) knowledge of the number of jumps, and (3) knowledge of exercise duration. For each of these, participants listened to either their preferred music or no music during the duration of testing. For the exercise portion, participants completed repeated CMJs where participants were encouraged to jump as high as possible with jump height, contact time, and flight time as outcomes. Rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and feeling scale were measured before and after exercise. The results showed that, regardless of knowledge type, preferred music resulted in a significant decrease in both contact time and flight time (F ≥ 10.4, p ≤ 0.004, and ηp2 ≥ 0.35), and a significant improvement of jump height (F = 11.36, p = 0.001, and ηp2 = 0.09) and feeling scale ratings (F = 36.9, p < 0.001, and ηp2 = 0.66) compared to no-music condition, while RPE was not significantly affected. Regardless of the presence of music, knowledge of the number of jumps and duration resulted in lower contact time (p < 0.001, 0.9 < d < 1.56) versus unknown condition during CMJs. Moreover, a significant decrease in RPE values was found during prior endpoint knowledge of number (p = 0.005; d = 0.72) and duration (p = 0.045; d = 0.63) compared to unknown condition. However, feeling scale ratings were not significantly affected. Moreover, no interactions with significance findings were found for any parameters. Overall, data suggest that listening to music and endpoint knowledge alter exercise responses in basketball players, but they do not interact with one another.
Efficacy of Some Plant Essential Oils Against
two Spotted Spider Mite Tetranychus urticae
under Laboratory Conditions

Tetranychus urticae is a critical pest affecting the quality and quantity of the yield under cover and in open ground. Its pesticide resistance and short life cycle leads to rapidly spreading. The present study evaluated the efficacy of essential oils (EOs) of caraway, lemon, mint and peppermint against adult and egg stages of two spotted spider mite T. urticae , compared to that of the recommended acaricide, abamectin. Abamectin is a recommended acaricide by the Agricultural Pesticide Committee. Our results proved that, the efficacy of the EOs was lower than the acaricide, abamectin showed the highest effect on the egg deposition (46.66 % reduction), and egg hatchability (47.91%), comparable to the control treatment (the leaves discs without treatments). However, peppermint oil had the least effect on the egg deposition (25% reduction), and egg hatchability (53.3%). Caraway, lemon and mint oils showed moderate impact on the egg hatchability and deposition. Toxicity of different compounds to eggs of T. urticae showed that Abamectin was the most effective however peppermint oil recorded the lowest effect. There for essential oils can be used in integrated best management programs to control T. urticae .
Three-valued Logics in Modal Logic

We give a general definition of truth-functional three-valued propositional logic and a Translation Manual that converts any propositional formula of any three-valued logic into a modal formula. we show that because for every S5-model there is a translationally equivalent three-valued valuation and vice versa, every truth-functional three-valued propositional logic can be conservatively translated into the modal logic S5. Finally, we present a linear translation that conservatively translates both LP and K3 into S5.
The Effect Of Emotional Support and Informational Support On The Need For Relatedness and User’s Satisfaction With The Use Of Social Media

People facing similar challenges in sharing knowledge, feeling, and sending supportive messages may find social media to be a valuable alternative to established support channels, particularly as the effect of online communication rises. The usage of social media to seek communication support continue to developed. Through citizenship in a digital society, valuable social media drives individuals to engage in social media behaviors that connect to some of their most basic psychological desires. This study provides a method to identifying social support, specifically informational support and emotional support on the need for relatedness and user satisfaction with the use of social media. The study enlisted the sample of 158 Clubhouse users in Indonesia who had been active in the previous three months and have performed as a speaker or moderator on the platform. For hypothesis testing, PLS-SEM was selected as the data analytic method. The results indicated that emotional support have a positive and significant effect to the need for relatedness. Informational support have a positive and significant effect to the need for relatedness. The need for relatedness have a positive and significant effect to user’s satisfaction.
Fuzzy clustering analysis based on ant colony algorithm for image edge detection

This paper proposes a method of dynamic fuzzy clustering analysis based on ant colony algorithm for image edge detection.The algorithm makes use of the great ability of ant colony algorithm for disposing local extremum firstly,which overcomes sensitivity to initialization of fuzzy clustering method(FCM) and fixes on the numbers of clustering as well as the centers of clustering dynamically.And then the results from previous for fuzzy clustering method can make up the deficiency of ant colony algorithm.In this way,we combine ant colony algorithm with fuzzy C-means clustering organically and find the whole distributing optimization clustering and achieve clustering analysis based on improved function.At last,the application of the algorithm proposed to image edge detection and comparative experiments show that the algorithm have great ability of detection the fuzzy edge and exiguous edge.
Predicting the Progress of Tuberculosis by Inflammatory Response-Related Genes Based on Multiple Machine Learning Comprehensive Analysis

Background Tuberculosis (TB), caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, affects approximately one-quarter of the global population and is considered one of the most lethal infectious diseases worldwide. The prevention of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) from progressing into active tuberculosis (ATB) is crucial for controlling and eradicating TB. Unfortunately, currently available biomarkers have limited effectiveness in identifying subpopulations that are at risk of developing ATB. Hence, it is imperative to develop advanced molecular tools for TB risk stratification. Methods The TB datasets were downloaded from the GEO database. Three machine learning models, namely LASSO, RF, and SVM-RFE, were used to identify the key characteristic genes related to inflammation during the progression of LTBI to ATB. The expression and diagnostic accuracy of these characteristic genes were subsequently verified. These genes were then used to develop diagnostic nomograms. In addition, single-cell expression clustering analysis, immune cell expression clustering analysis, GSVA analysis, immune cell correlation, and immune checkpoint correlation of characteristic genes were conducted. Furthermore, the upstream shared miRNA was predicted, and a miRNA–genes network was constructed. Candidate drugs were also analyzed and predicted. Results In comparison to LTBI, a total of 96 upregulated and 26 downregulated genes related to the inflammatory response were identified in ATB. These characteristic genes have demonstrated excellent diagnostic performance and significant correlation with many immune cells and immune sites. The results of the miRNA–genes network analysis suggested a potential role of hsa-miR-3163 in the molecular mechanism of LTBI progressing into ATB. Moreover, retinoic acid may offer a potential avenue for the prevention of LTBI progression to ATB and for the treatment of ATB. Conclusion Our research has identified key inflammatory response-related genes that are characteristic of LTBI progression to ATB and hsa-miR-3163 as a significant node in the molecular mechanism of this progression. Our analyses have demonstrated the excellent diagnostic performance of these characteristic genes and their significant correlation with many immune cells and immune checkpoints. The CD274 immune checkpoint presents a promising target for the prevention and treatment of ATB. Furthermore, our findings suggest that retinoic acid may have a role in preventing LTBI from progressing to ATB and in treating ATB. This study provides a new perspective for differential diagnosis of LTBI and ATB and may uncover potential inflammatory immune mechanisms, biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and effective drugs in the progression of LTBI into ATB.
Coherent processes in Superconducting quantum interferometers and qubits

In this thesis we present theoretical investigations of the effects of Andreev bound states on the current transport in superconducting interferometers. We also investigate the slow dynamics of the Andreev states in a superconducting point contact, and the possible application as a quantum bit. We consider superconductor-normal metal-superconductor (SNS) and normal metalsuperconductor (NS) interferometers, where the contact region is a Y-shaped normal metal wave guide, and the two connection points to the same superconducting electrode can have different phases. The electric current in the interferometer is calculated as a function of the applied voltage and the phase difference . Andreev reflection in SNS and NS interferometers incorporates two features: interference in the arms of the Y-shaped normal region, and interplay with Andreev resonances. The latter feature yields rich phase dependent current structures in the subgap voltage region. The interference effect leads to a suppression of the current structures at . We investigate the effects on the Josephson current in NS interferometers due to current injection from the normal electrode. The two main effects of the nonequilibrium situation are: nonequilibrium population of the Andreev levels, which can result in enhancement, suppression, or even sign reversal of the Josephson current, and an anomalous interference Josephson effect, which gives rise to a long range Josephson effect, increasing with the voltage up to the superconducting gap . The two Andreev states in a superconducting quantum point contact can be accessed for manipulation and measurement by embedding the point contact in a superconducting loop. We calculate an effective Hamiltonian for the slow dynamics of the Andreev two-level system in the ring. Furthermore, we discuss methods of manipulation of the Andreev levels, and coupling of qubits. The state of the Andreev two-level system can be read out by monitoring the macroscopic quantum tunneling in a current biased Josephson junction, which is embedded in the superconducting ring of the qubit. We discuss the effects on the qubit, the readout scheme and the signal-to-noise ratio. THESIS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Coherent processes in Superconducting quantum interferometers and qubits