Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimizing the Cray Graph Engine for performant analytics on cluster, SuperDome Flex, Shasta systems and cloud deployment

We present updates to the Cray Graph Engine, a high performance in‐memory semantic graph database, which enable performant execution across multiple architectures as well as deployment in a container to support cloud and as‐a‐service graph analytics. This paper discusses the changes required to port and optimize CGE to target multiple architectures, including Cray Shasta systems, large shared‐memory machines such as SuperDome Flex (SDF), and cluster environments such as Apollo systems. The porting effort focused primarily on removing dependences on XPMEM and Cray PGAS and replacing these with a simplified PGAS library based upon POSIX shared memory and one‐sided MPI, while preserving the existing Coarray‐C++ CGE code base. We also discuss the containerization of CGE using Singularity and the techniques required to enable container performance matching native execution. We present early benchmarking results for running CGE on the SDF, Infiniband clusters and Slingshot interconnect‐based Shasta systems.
Report on the Solid Waste Problem

The need for investigation in all areas of solid wastes problems is described, and management of these problems is discussed. Areas discussed in detail are: air pollution control, open-windrow composting and markets; pre-compacting refuse for landfills, grinding and sewer transport, salvage and reclamation, reduction of quantity, collection and hauling methods, environmental resources management, odor and dust control, ground water contamination, land resources, utilization, incineration, and extent of available technology. Recommendations include: alerting decision-making public administrators to the problem; recognition through a national conference; full implementation of Public Law 89-272, the Solid Waste Disposal Act; study of salvage markets; development of new collection and disposal methods; reducing air and water pollution; review of legislation for improvement after first year of program.
Characterisation of Three Regimes of Collapsing Arctic Ice Complex Deposits on the SE Laptev Sea Coast using Biomarkers and Dual Carbon Isotopes

Arctic amplification of climate warming is intensifying the thaw and coastal erosion of the widespread and carbon‐rich Siberian Ice Complex Deposits (ICD). Despite the potential for altering long‐term carbon dynamics in the Arctic, the susceptibility of organic carbon (OC) to degradation as the ICD thaw is poorly characterised. This study identifies signs of OC degradation in three Siberian ICD regimes of coastal erosion through elemental, isotopic and molecular analyses. The degree of erosion appears to determine the extent of degradation. The moisture‐limited and beach‐protected ICD bluff near Buor‐Khaya Cape, characterised by thermokarst mounds (baydzherakhs), represents a dormant regime with limited ongoing degradation. Conversely, the more exposed ICD scarps on eroding riverbanks (Olenek Channel, Lena Delta) and coastal slopes (Muostakh Island) showed more pronounced signs of ongoing OC decay. Different parameters suggest that degradation can partially explain the shift of the OC signature with 14C age in the thawing ICD. Exposure time, degree of erosion, slope gradient and moisture conditions appear to be key factors determining the degradation propensity of OC in exposed ICD. These field results document the lability of OC in ICD upon thaw and illustrate the potential for transferring old OC into the rapidly cycling atmosphere‐biosphere carbon pools. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical Modeling of the Influence of the Beach Profile on Wave Run-Up

AbstractAn analysis of the run-up over different beach profiles is performed to evaluate the influence of the seabed shape on shore flooding. The analysis was carried out on the basis of numerical solutions of the nonlinear shallow water equations. The chosen solver was shown to provide reliable (both quantitatively and qualitatively) run-up results by comparing numerical solutions (of both solitary and regular waves) with the only available analytical solution forced by a localized topographic change. The run-up patterns on both a natural beach profile and three simpler and schematic profiles derived from it were evaluated. Different wave conditions (both random and groups) were used for a total amount of 96 different cases of inundation. Results are expressed in terms of both maximum (Zmax) and steady-state (Zsteady) run-up. It is found that both types of run-up depend on the offshore variable H0L0, as suggested by several available studies, and that, for all tested cases, random waves induce the larges.
Surface forcing of the North Atlantic: accuracy and variability

A new methodology to estimate the turbulent air – sea heat and moisture fluxes and their uncertainty is developed and assessed using Voluntary Observing Ship (VOS) observations. Whilst important drivers of the global oceanic and atmospheric circulation these fluxes remain poorly quantified, both in terms of mean value and uncertainty. The new methodology addresses both of these issues and is extensible to other data sources. The individual observations are first bias and height adjusted to remove systematic errors and the impact of changing observing heights. They are then characterised in terms of random errors using a semi-variogram analysis and a range of variogram models. The data quality and sampling are then taken into account using optimal interpolation (OI) to grid the observations, producing daily mean fields and uncertainty estimates. These are then used to estimate the fluxes and flux uncertainty on both daily and monthly time scales. Comparisons of the mean fields and fluxes to the original input data and to independent buoy observations show the fields not to be significantly biased. The adjustments applied before gridding and flux calculation are also shown to improve the agreement with the buoy observations. The uncertainty estimates are assessed using a series of cross validation experiments and 3-way error analyses to make alternative estimates of the uncertainty. These alternative estimates are shown to be of the same order of magnitude as the OI uncertainty estimates and generally to be within 10 – 20% of the OI estimate. Whilst all three estimates are similar there are some systematic differences. The OI uncertainty estimates tend to be lower (higher) than the alternative estimates in high (low) variability regions. The representation of the variability in the new dataset is examined and shown to be improved compared to previous VOS based datasets. The adjustments are shown to have little impact on the temporal trends in temperature and humidity whilst reducing the wind speed and sensible and latent heat flux trends. These reduced trends are thought to be more realistic. The wind speed trend after adjustment is more similar to the trends reported in previous studies using reanalysis model output. However, there are still some differences in the trends, with the VOS based estimates larger, leading to uncertainty in trend estimates. The trends in the adjusted latent and sensible heat flux estimates are similar to those seen in other flux datasets but when compared to changes in the upper ocean heat content may still be too large. This may be due to the overestimate of the wind speed trend. Overall the uncertainty in the wind speed trend gives the largest uncertainty in the flux trends. Finally, the advances made in developing the new methodology are summarised and the potential uses of the new dataset identified. Future work and improvements are then suggested.
University of Birmingham Frequency and diameter dependent viscoelastic properties of mitral valve chordae tendineae

This study aimed to characterise viscoelastic properties of different categories of chordae tendineae over a range of frequencies. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) was performed using a materials testing machine. Chordae (n = 51) were dissected from seven porcine hearts and categorised as basal, marginal, strut or commissural. Chordae were loaded under a sinusoidally varying tensile load at a range of frequencies between 0.5-5 Hz, both at a standardised load (i.e. same mean load of 4 N for all chordae) and under chordal specific loading (i.e. based on in vivo loads for different chordae). Storage modulus and stiffness were frequency-dependent. Loss modulus and stiffness were frequency-independent. Storage and loss moduli, but not stiffness, decreased with chordal diameter. Therefore, strut chordae have the lowest moduli and marginal chordae the highest moduli. The hierarchy of dynamic storage and loss moduli is: marginal, commissural, basal and strut. In conclusion, viscoelastic properties of chordae are dependent on both frequency and chordal type. Future/novel replacement chordal materials should account for frequency and diameter dependent viscoelastic properties of chordae tendineae.
Ellos los representantes, nosotros los representados: reflexiones sobre la representación y la conexión electoral en la Argentina contemporánea

¿En qué medida podemos hablar de una representación política exitosa en el balance de estas tres décadas recientes de democracia? ¿Es legítimo hablar de “representación”, es decir, de hacer presente lo que no está (los ciudadanos y sus preferencias) a la hora de tomar decisiones, en un país donde aún hoy la cacerola subsiste como recurso de transmisión de demandas? No es la idea de este trabajo analizar nuevas manifestaciones de protesta ni enumerar actos fallidos de los servidores públicos, sino reflexionar en qué medida ha habido consideración de los gustos, ideas, intereses y reivindicaciones de la sociedad civil (cualquiera sea lo que entendamos por ella) por parte de los representantes en el Congreso Nacional. En paralelo, se propone indagar dimensiones poco reconocidas de lo que podríamos entender por representación genuina en el contexto político e institucional argentino. En otras palabras, se explorará si ha habido una suerte de conexión entre representantes y representados en la Argentina contemporánea, utilizando herramientas teóricas y empíricas de perspectivas comparadas. La pregunta disparadora es muy sencilla: ¿es factible rastrear consideraciones sobre las opiniones y preferencias tanto de los votantes atomizados como de las organizaciones colectivas, los grupos sociales, las mujeres, los ancianos, los agricultores, los académicos y tantos otros sujetos presentes en la vida democrática? ¿En qué medida un cuerpo colectivo y plural como el Congreso ha sabido reflejar la multiplicidad de perspectivas existentes en nuestra sociedad? Cuesta pensar que cualquier observador curioso vaya a arriesgar un sí en caso de sondear opiniones sobre buena representación en Argentina, ya sea en la sobremesa familiar, en un partido de truco o, por qué no, incluso en un aula repleta de estudiantes de ciencia política. Razones, probablemente, no habrán de faltar. Argumentos, tampoco, apuntalados por muletillas como “salariazo y revolución productiva”, “conmigo uno a uno”, “quien puso dólares recibirá dólares”, “hay peces en el Riachuelo” o “las estadísticas del Indec son creíbles”. “¿Cómo creer, confiar y sentir que
Identiﬁ cation, characterization of candida species isolated from cases of vulvovaginal candidiasis along with their antifungal susceptibility by vitek-2 system

One of the most severe threats to world health is the Candida species. Many non-Candida species are the major cause of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). During the development of VVC, the host environment and Candida vaginal colonization are assumed to be out of balance, and this might be owing to physiological or non-physiological changes. Host-related and behavioral risks have been connected to VVC. Novel antifungal medications with particular molecular targets may be developed with the use of molecular tools in epidemiological research and the study of resistant Candida species. Using the Vitek-2 Antifungal Susceptibility System, this review will explain the many approaches used to identify and characterize Candida species isolated from vulvovaginal candidiasis patients.
Archean Subduction: Fact or Fiction?

Subduction drives plate tectonics and builds continental crust, and as such is one of the most important processes for shaping the present-day Earth. Here we review both theory and observations for the viability and style of Archean subduction. High Archean mantle temperature gave low mantle viscosity and affected plate strength and plate buoyancy. This resulted in slower or intermittent subduction, either of which resulted in Earth cooling profiles that fit available data. Some geological observations are interpreted as subduction related, including an “arc” signature in various igneous rocks (suggesting burial of surface material to depths of 50–100 km), structural thrust belts and dipping seismic reflectors, and high-pressure–low-temperature and low-pressure–high-temperature paired metamorphic belts. Combined geodynamical and geochemical evidence suggests that subduction operated in the Archean, although not, as often assumed, as shallow flat subduction. Instead, subduction was more episodic in nature,.
Preliminary evaluation of S‐NPP VIIRS aerosol optical thickness

The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) is the next‐generation polar‐orbiting operational environmental sensor with a capability for global aerosol observations. The VIIRS aerosol Environmental Data Record (EDR) is expected to continue the decade‐long successful multispectral aerosol retrieval from the NASA's Earth Observing System Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) for scientific research and applications. Since the launch of the Suomi National Polar‐orbiting Partnership (S‐NPP), the VIIRS aerosol calibration/validation team has been continuously monitoring, evaluating, and improving the performance of VIIRS aerosol retrievals. In this study, the VIIRS aerosol optical thickness (AOT) at 550 nm EDR at current Provisional maturity level is evaluated by comparing it with MODIS retrievals and measurements from the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) and the Maritime Aerosol Network (MAN). The VIIRS global mean AOT at 550 nm differs from that of MODIS by approximately −0.01 over ocean and 0.03 over land (0.00 and −0.01 for the collocated retrievals) but shows larger regional biases. Global validation with AERONET and with MAN measurements shows biases of 0.01 over ocean and −0.01 over land, with about 64% and 71% of retrievals falling within the expected uncertainty range established by MODIS over ocean (±(0.03 + 0.05AOT)) and over land (±(0.05 + 0.15AOT)), respectively. The VIIRS retrievals over land exhibit slight overestimation over vegetated surfaces and underestimation over soil‐dominated surfaces. These results show that the VIIRS AOT at 550 nm product provides a solid global data set for quantitative scientific investigations and environmental monitoring.
Hydnoporia, an older name for Pseudochaete and Hymenochaetopsis, and typification of the genus Hymenochaete (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota)

The genus name Hydnoporia is reinstated to encompass the Hymenochaete tabacina group currently addressed to Pseudochaete (illegitimate genus) or Hymenochaetopsis. Identity of the type species of Hydnoporia, Sistotrema fuscescens (= Hydnoporia olivacea in current sense), is clarified, and a lectotype is selected. In total, 12 species are combined in Hydnoporia: H. corrugata, H. gigasetosa, H. lamellata, H. laricicola, H. latesetosa, H. lenta, H. rhododendri, H. rimosa, H. subrigidula, H. tabacina, H. tabacinoides, and H. yasudai. Hydnoporia diffissa is described as new. Analyses of all available ITS (94) and newly produced tef1 sequences (20) indicate that there are at least 20–27 species in the genus. Identity of the type species of Hymenochaete, H. rubiginosa, is clarified; the name is retained for the species so named in Europe while other species are present in North America and East Asia. Additionally, three new combinations in Hymenochaete are proposed: H. campylopora (= Cyclomyces fuscus), H. microcycla (= Cyclomyces tabacinus), and H. saepiaria.
Study effect and mechanism of andrographolide on breast cancer cell MCF-7 and HCT116

: The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of andrographolide on breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and HCT116 proliferation and its mechanism. MCF-7 and HCT116 in breast cancer cell were collected in vitro, according to different concentration of andrographolide (AND) dealt were divided into four groups, 15mol/LAND was as low concentration group, 30 mol/L AND was as middle concentration group, 60 mol/L AND was as high concentration group, no AND dealt was as blank control group, cell proliferation was detected by MTS, morphological change of cells were observed by microscope, apoptosis related proteins Caspase-3, Caspase-9 and Bal-2 mRNA express were detected by RT-PCR. The result showed that the cell proliferation inhibition rate of AND dealt groups were significantly increased, and with different concentration and dealt time changed significantly, AND concentration was high, the dealt time was longer, cell proliferation inhibition rate were higher (P<0.05), the microscope showed, MCF-7 and HCT116 cell shrinkage, shedding, assume apoptosis. With AND concentration increasing, Caspase-3, Caspase-9mRNA express gradually increased, Bal-2 mRNA express gradually weakened, comparison between groups with significant difference (P<0.05). Andrographolide on breast cancer MCF-7 and HCT116 cell proliferation has obvious concentration and time dependent inhibition effect, its mechanism may be down-regulating Bal-2 or up-regulating Caspase-3, Caspase-9 protein express.
Separation of the Effects of Land and Climate Model Errors on Simulated Contemporary Land Carbon Cycle Trends in the MPI Earth System Model version 1

AbstractThe capacity of earth system models (ESMs) to make reliable projections of future atmospheric CO2 and climate is strongly dependent on the ability of the land surface model to adequately simulate the land carbon (C) cycle. Defining “adequate” performance of the land model requires an understanding of the contributions of climate model and land model errors to the land C cycle. Here, a benchmarking framework is applied based on significant, observed characteristics of the land C cycle for the contemporary period, for which sufficient evaluation data are available, to test the ability of the JSBACH land surface component of the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM) to simulate land C trends. Particular attention is given to the role of potential effects caused by climate biases, and therefore investigation is made of the results of model configurations in which JSBACH is interactively “coupled” to atmosphere and ocean components and of an “uncoupled” configuration, where JSBACH is driven.
WATER POLLUTION: IMPACT OF POLLUTANTS AND NEW PROMISING TECHNIQUES IN PURIFICATION PROCESS

Water is a critical resource in the lives of people who both benefit from its use and who are harmed byits misuse and unpredictability (flooding, droughts, salinity, acidity, and degraded quality). Water is a finite andvulnerable resource. Consequently, consumption of polluted water puts lives and livelihoods at risk because water hasno substitute. There are many ways in which water intended for human consumption can get polluted. These includewastes from industries like mining and construction, food processing, radioactive wastes from power generatingindustries, domestic and agricultural wastes and by various microbiological agents. Nowadays, water is being purified byvarious methods but research is being conducted to look for more reliable and cheaper methods that can purify waterat an affordable cost. Various techniques have been developed like utilizing rechargeable polymer beads, seeds ofMoringaOleifera tree, aerobic granular sludge technology, resin based treatment and twopronged water treatment technology.
Estimation of Water Footprint for Upland Crop Production in Korea

Water footprint is defined as the total volume of direct and indirect water used to produce a good and service by consumer or producer, and measured at the point of production based on virtual water concept. The green and blue water footprint refers to the volume of the rainwater and the irrigation water consumed, respectively. Crop water footprint is expected to be used as the basic data for agricultural water resources policies at production, consumption and trade aspect. Thus, it is necessary to estimate suitable green and blue water footprint for South Korea. The objective of this paper is to quantify the green and blue water footprint and usage of upland crops during the period 2001-2010. To estimate the water footprint, 43 upland crop production quantity and harvested area data were collected for 10 years and FAO Penman-Monteith equation was adopted for calculating crop water requirement. As the results, the water footprint of cereals, vegetables, fruits and oil crops accounted for 1,994, 165, 605, and 4,226 m 3 /ton, respectively. The usage of water footprint for crop production has been estimated at 3,499 (green water) and 216 (blue water) Mm 3 /yr on average showing a tendency to decrease. Fruits and vegetables have the largest share in the green water usage, consuming about 1,200 and 1,060 Mm 3 /yr which are about 65 % of gross usage. The results of this study are expected to be understood by the agricultural water footprint as well as by the total water footprint from both a production and consumption perspective in Korea.
POPULATION STRUCTURE OF RHESUS MONKEYS AT NANWAN PENINSULA OF HAINAN ISLAND

The population structure of Rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) was surveyed at Nan-wan Peninsula of Hainan Island by field observation from 1981 to 1987.Nanwan Natural Reserve of Rare Animals was founded in 1965.There were about 100 monkeys in five groups at that time and by the end of 1984, the population has increased almost 10 times up to about 930 animals in nineteen groups.The population growth rate is 12.7% between 1965 to 1984.The size of the monkey group ranges from fifteen to sixty mem-bers, similar to the groups living in the tropic or sub-tropic rain forests of Yunnan, Guangxi and Guizhou.The number of adult female rhesus monkeys decides the Depen-dence Ratio (D.R.) of social group, and relation between them is negative. When the male monkeys reach two or three years of age, they have to leave the natal group and become solitary.The sexual ratio of female to male is low in infants and youths, and heigher in adults.The variance of sexual ratio in infants and youths is larger than that in adults.In this paper, the diagrammatic life table of female rhesus monkey was esta-blished.
Transactions on Petri nets and other models of concurrency

In Memoriam: Carl Adam Petri. - Strategies for Modeling Complex Processes Using Colored Petri Nets. - Applications of Coloured Petri Nets for Functional Validation of Protocol Designs. - Business Process Modeling Using Petri Nets. - Structure Theory of Petri Nets. - Causality in Extensions of Petri Nets. - External Behaviour of Systems of State Machines with Variables. - The Synthesis Problem. - Models from Scenarios. - Discovering Petri Nets from Event Logs.
Prestack Rank-reducing Noise Suppression: Practice

Prestack random-noise suppression is a difficult problem in land seismic processing. A companion paper in this conference describes the theory behind a family of rankreduction methods applied in the constant-frequency domain. These methods, which include eigenimage, Cadzow, and hybrid filters, have properties which appear ideal for performing prestack noise suppression. Here we show how to apply these methods in practice to improve signal-to-noise and prepare data for AVO analysis.