Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Capillary conduction of liquids through porous mediums

The flow of liquids in unsaturated porous mediums follows the ordinary laws of hydrodynamics, the motion being produced by gravity and the pressure gradient force acting in the liquid. By making use of Darcey's law, that flow is proportional to the forces producing flow, the equation K∇2ψ+∇K·∇ψ+g∂K/∂z=−ρsA∂ψ/∂t may be derived for the capillary conduction of liquids in porous mediums. It is possible experimentally to determine the capillary potential ψ=∫dp/ρ, the capillary conductivity K, which is defined by the flow equation q=K(g−▿ψ), and the capillary capacity A, which is the rate of change of the liquid content of the medium with respect to ψ. These variables are analogous, respectively, to the temperature, thermal conductivity, and thermal capacity in the case of heat flow. Data are presented and application of the equations is made for the capillary conduction of water through soil and clay but the mathematical formulations and the experimental methods developed may be used to express capillary flow .
Theoretical investigation of indium phosphide buried ring resonators for new angular velocity sensors

Abstract. Here, we report the guidelines to be followed to optimize the design of a new angular velocity sensor based on an indium phosphide (InP) ring resonator. Optical properties of InP ring resonators have been investigated together with some significant physical effects for improving the sensor sensitivity. Three-dimensional algorithms have been utilized for the theoretical estimation of the waveguide loss. An optimized waveguide with propagation loss <0.3 dB/cm and a ring resonator with a quality factor of 1.5×106 have been designed. Performance of angular velocity sensors based on InP low-loss ring resonators has been estimated and discussed. Resolution of 10 deg/h and bias drift in the range of 0.1 to 0.3 deg/h have been evaluated for a fully integrated optical gyro including an InGaAsP/InP optical cavity having a footprint less than 24 cm2.
The transport of a passive scalar in magnetohydrodynamic turbulence subjected to mean shear and frame rotation

We consider the transport of a passive scalar under the influence of homogeneous turbulence in a conducting fluid that is exposed to a uniform external magnetic field while being sheared in fixed and rotating frames. The mean scalar gradient is assumed to be uniform and aligned with the transverse direction within the plane of the mean shear, while both the frame-rotation axis and the applied magnetic field are aligned in the direction normal to the plane of the mean shear. For any given frame rotation rate, we find that a key parameter determining the structural morphology of the flow is the ratio of the time scale of the mean shear to the Joule time, τshear∕τm. The most drastic modifications to passive scalar transport are observed when τshear≥τm, and these are shown to be linked to changes in the structure of the velocity and scalar fields. In most cases, the observed evolution of the scalar flux coefficients can be explained in terms of structural information provided by the one-point structure tensor.
Neuroprotective effects of nobiletin on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury rats by inhibiting Rho/ROCK signaling pathway

Background Nobiletin (NOB), an active natural flavonoid component of citrus, is used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for its anti-inflammatory activity, but its efficacy in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remains unclear. Methods In a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model, MCAO rats were administered (Sham group and MCAO model group treated with an equal volume of solvent, NOB group treated with 10 or 20 mg/kg NOB) once a day for 7 days before cerebral ischemia and again after reperfusion, 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was applied to assess the infarct area. Neurological function was evaluated by the modified neurological severity score and Morris water maze. The levels of inflammatory factors, interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Histopathological staining evaluated neuron apoptosis in brain tissue. In an oxygen-glucose deprivation PC12 cell (OGD PC12) model, the proliferation, migration and apoptosis of OGD PC12 cells were detected by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and cell migration assays and flow cytometry. The gene and protein expression levels of Ras homolog gene family, member A (Rho A), ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac 1), Rho-associated kinase 1 (ROCK 1), ROCK 2 in the Rho/ROCK pathway were measured by Real-time PCR (RT-PCR), immunohistochemistry and western blot. Results In rats with cerebral I/R injury, NOB significantly decreased the infarcted area, neuron apoptosis in brain tissue and expressions of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. It also improved neurological deficits in brain tissue and enhanced learning and memory ability. Further, NOB had a protective effect on OGD PC12 cells, increasing proliferation and migration and decreasing apoptosis. The expressions of Rho A, Rac 1, ROCK 1 and ROCK 2 were high in cerebral I/R injury rats, but were downregulated by NOB in I/R injury rats’ brain tissue and OGD PC12 cells. Conclusions Nobiletin had a neuroprotective effect in rats with cerebral I/R injury, and its potential mechanism is decreasing neuron apoptosis by inhibiting the Rho/ROCK signaling pathway. These results suggest NOB is a promising neuroprotective agent for patients with cerebral ischemia.
On the Gap Between Deterministic and Stochastic Ordinary Differential Equations

We consider stochastic differential equations dx _f(x) dt + g(x) dw, where x is a vector in n-dimensional space, and w is an arbitrary process with continuous sample paths. We show that the stochastic equation can be solved by simply solving, for each sample path of the process w, the corresponding nonstochastic ordinary differential equation. The precise
Spin-1 Ising model in a transverse crystal field

We investigate a ferromagnetic spit-1 Ising model with a transverse single-ion crystal-field term. By means of a mapping to the usual spin-½ transverse Ising model, we determine the location of the T=0 quantum critical point exactly in one dimension, and to high precision in higher dimensions. The nature of the excited states is also explored. We show how this approach can be generalized to higher spin values.
Pengukuran Kekuatan Sinyal Receive Strangth Signal Indicator (RSSI) 4.5G VoLTE Provaider Telkomsel di Universitas Mataram

This is an initial study to determine the quality of the 4.5G VoLTE signal in the area around the University of Mataram campus. This is done to get the Receive Strangth Signal Indicator (RSSI) measurement emitted by the Base Transceiver Station (BTS) owned by the Telkomsel provider at FMIPA because the VoLTE signal is unstable. The measurement method used is the drive-test. But the results are not entirely as desired. Because in some places it turns out that the quality of receiving power is very weak. Measurements obtained by drive-test carried out in the morning, afternoon, evening and night, obtained the difference in the average signal, the value of each measurement place so that it can be read more quickly converted from numbers to colors. The measurement results and theory were compared so that the RSSI level at Mataram University was obtained.
Inference of marine atmospheric boundary layer moisture and temperature structure using airborne lidar and infrared radiometer data

Abstract A new technique for retrieving near-surface moisture and profiles of mixing ratio and potential temperature through the depth of the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) using airborne lidar and multichannel infrared radiometer data is presented. Data gathered during an extended field campaign over the Atlantic Ocean in support of the Lidar In-space Technology Experiment are used to generate 16 moisture and temperature retrievals that are then compared with dropsonde measurements. The technique utilizes lidar-derived statistics on the height of cumulus clouds that frequently cap the MABL to estimate the lifting condensation level. Combining this information with radiometer-derived sea surface temperature measurements, an estimate of the near-surface moisture can be obtained to an accuracy of about 0.8 g kg−1. Lidar-derived statistics on convective plume height and coverage within the MABL are then used to infer the profiles of potential temperature and moisture with a vertical resolution of 2.
MOBILE CLOUD COMPUTING SERVICES AUTHENTICATION SCHEME

Because of the rapid growth of cloud computing and the expansion of mobile phone users in recent years, mobile cloud computing has attracted wide attention. In the mobile cloud, wireless computing networks are the basics of sharing data between mobile devices and cloud services. Since air is the communication medium, it must be properly protected; otherwise, it will be subject to a variety of security threats, for example, attacks from middle-man, identity tracking, etc. Furthermore, mobile devices are limited in storage, resources, and computing powers. Hence, designing an efficient and secure balance of authentication schemes is extremely important. First of all, a multi-factor authentication scheme based on biometric (fingerprint information), hash function, and fuzzy vault algorithm is presented in that paper. Secondly, the Validation and Analysis tool of AVISPA Security was approved. Thirdly, the security of the scheme proposed is compared to other related schemes.
Vibration of electrically actuated MEMS Timoshenko microbeams based on a hierarchical beam element

In this paper, vibration of Timoshenko microbeams with an axial force in micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) is studied for the first time by using a nonlinear finite element procedure. Based on the von Kármán geometric nonlinearity and the modified couple stress theory (MCST), a beam element is formulated by employing hierarchical functions to interpolate the displacement field. Using the derived element, the discretized equation of motion for the microbeam is constructed and then solved by the Newton-Raphson iterative procedure in conjunction with the Newmark method. The natural frequencies, pull-in voltages and dynamic deflections are computed for a clamped-clamped microbeam under electrostatic actuation of a given direct current (DC) voltage. The numerical result reveals that the axial force and the microsize effect have a significant influence on the vibration, and the fundamental frequency of the microbeams is underestimated by ignoring the size effect. The effects of the axial force, the applied voltage and the material length scale parameter on the vibration of the beam are studied in detail and highlighted.
Fermion mass formulation in the Modified Left-Right Symmetry Model

The Modified Left Right Symmetry Model is an extension of the Standard Model. This model introduces left-handed neutrinos to the right sector and a doublet scalar field to the left sector. This model cannot yet explain the mass generation of fermions and neutrinos. This study is theoretical research using the literature review method. Generating the masses of fermions (quark up-down) and electrons through spontaneous symmetry breaking in Yukawa's Lagrangian term produces a particle mass in the left sector, the same as the calculations in the Standard Model. The masses of fermions (up-down quarks) and electrons for the right sector produced in this study are much more massive than those of fermions (up-down quarks) and the left sector. The neutrino masses produced in this study are by following the Seesaw Mechanism. That is, if one neutrino mass is massive, then the other neutrino masses will be light. ©2022 JNSMR UIN Walisongo. All rights reserved.
β-Galactoside-Binding Protein (βGBP) Alters the Cell Cycle, Up-Regulates Expression of the α- and β-Chains of the IFN-γ Receptor, and Triggers IFN-γ-Mediated Apoptosis of Activated Human T Lymphocytes

In this paper, the effects of β-galactoside binding protein (βGBP), the LGALS1 gene product, on the cell cycle progression and expansion of activated human T lymphocytes were studied. βGBP drastically inhibits the IL-2 induced proliferation of PHA-activated T lymphocytes as well as the IL-2 independent proliferation of malignant T lymphocytes by arresting them in the S and G2/M phases of the cell cycle. In addition, βGBP up-regulates the expression of both the α- and the β-chains of the IFN-γR on activated T lymphocyte membrane. None of these effects depend on sugar binding: saturating amounts of lactose do not affect the cell cycle block nor IFN-γR up-modulation. The increased expression of both chains renders βGBP-treated T lymphoblasts sensitive to IFN-γ-induced apoptosis. Taken as a whole, these findings suggest that βGBP plays an important immunoregulatory role by switching off T lymphocyte effector functions. They also provide the first evidence of up-modulation of IFN-γR expression on T lymphocytes by a negative cell growth regulator.
Impact of yoga on mind-body management and its possible scientific mechanisms

This review article summarizes beneficial effects of yoga on different systems of body in maintaining of normal heath as well as in prevention and treatment of many non-communicable diseases. Current evidences of effects of yoga in many studies as well as the possible scientific mechanisms of these effects are explained in this article. Yoga is effective supportive adjunct with pharmacological treatment for therapy of some medical conditions. Yoga is beneficial in psychological stress related diseases, and diseases related to cardiovascular, respiratory, reproductive etc. It also has a proven role in immune system, cancer and even at genetic level but extensive research is required for firmly establishment of such benefits. Possible scientific mechanisms of health benefits of yoga are by increased vagal activity and decrease sympathetic activity. It helps in normalisation of hypothalamo-pitutaryadrenal axis as well as the baroreflex sensitivity. Alteration of gene expression and level of inflammatory mediators are also noted in many studies. Yoga is relatively safe, cost-effective, and easy to be practice as a part of self-care behavioural treatment. In conclusion, everybody should practice yoga in day to day life for maintenance of better health and prevention of diseases as well as adjunct to medicines for treatment of some diseases under appropriate supervision.
Flashover in wide-band-gap high-purity insulators : methodology and mechanisms

The electron beam of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to charge an unmetallized insulator (Al2O3, Y2O3, SiO2) in vacuum. The charging is found to be stable in time after the e‐beam is switched off. The SEM is also used to measure the implanted charge by measuring the resulting electrostatic potential. The distribution of potential around the trapped charges is determined by the classical laws of electrostatics. The electrostatic energy stored in the polarized dielectric can thus be determined. The implanted charge can be removed by the introduction of carriers into the polarized sample by flooding the surface with electron beams of varying energies. Slow or rapid relaxation occurs depending on the operating conditions of the flood gun (energy, intensity, etc.) which introduces the electrons. When the relaxation kinetics are slow, the electrostatic charge decreases slowly as a function of time. On the other hand, a rapid relaxation of the dielectric leads to the appearance of a high‐density pla.
Years of life lost due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Khuzestan province during 2011–2019: A population-based study

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality and a major public health problem all over the world. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the years of life lost (YLLs) due to COPD between 2011 and 2019 in Khuzestan province, southern Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated a total of 715 COPD-related deaths during 2011–2019 in Khuzestan, Southern Iran. Required information comprised of age, gender, and number of deaths were collected. First, crude and age-standardized mortality rates were calculated, and then the joinpoint regression was used to evaluate the trend of YLLs. Results: The highest number of deaths during the study period was observed in males (65%) and in the age group of over 70 years (52.6%). There was also a decreasing trend in crude and age age-standardized mortality rates in both genders. The total number of YLLs in both genders was 8650, 5747 in men and 2903 in women. Based on the results of joinpoint regression, the percentage of annual YII changes was −1.5% in men, −10.7% in women, and −6.6% in both genders. Conclusion: Estimating the trend of YLLs due to COPD can effectively help and lead the way of health policymakers and provide useful information to estimate the economic burden of the disease and assess health needs and priorities of a population.
The effect of three different sets method used in resistance training on hypertrophy and maximal strength changes

Background and Study Aim. To compare the effects of three different sets method, which is frequently used in resistance training, on strength and hypertrophy values. Materials and Methods. Thirty-three young male athletes with similar daily activities and nutrient intakes at the Fitlife fitness center in Sakarya were included in the study. Participants were randomly divided into three different groups as Modified German Volume Training (MGVT) (n=11, 21.5 ± 2.4 years), Super Set (SS) (n=11, 22.4 ± 2.9) and Giant Set (GS) (n=11, 23.0 ± 4.3 years). The study was started with a total of thirty-three people, but two participants in the Giant set group were excluded from the measurements because they left the study due to personal reasons. Strength, muscle thickness and cross-sectional area (CSA) measurements were made in the upper extremity muscles before and after the six-week training period. Results. After six weeks of training, significant increases were observed in the cross-sectional area and thickness (p<0.05) of pectoralis major, deltoid, and latissimus dorsi muscle groups in all three groups, and in the strength parameter (p<0.05) in bench press, barbell row and shoulder press exercises. There was no difference in strength, muscle cross-sectional area and thickness parameters between the groups (p>0,05). Conclusions. Modified German Volume Training (MGVT), Super Set (SS) and Giant Set (GS) methods reveal that there is no difference between the set methods in the 1 Repetition Maximum (1RM) strength and hypertrophy development of young male individuals who do not have a history of resistance exercise but have completed the adaptation period, and that there is an improvement in all set methods.
A Comparison of Pathfinding Algorithm for Code Optimization on Grid Maps

—There have been various pathfinding algorithms created and developed over the past few decades to assist in finding the best path between two points. This paper presents a comparison of several algorithms for pathfinding on 2D grid maps. As a result, this study identified Jump Point Search Block Based Jumping (JPS (B)) as a potential algorithm in term of five evaluation metrics including search time. The comparisons pointed out the potential algorithm and code optimization was performed on the selected JPS(B) algorithm, and it was named JPS(BCO). This paper also explores issues regarding the JPS(B) and how to resolve them in order to optimize access to the index pointer. The presented enhance JPS(BCO) is capable to search optimal path quicker than the original JPS(B) as demonstrated by experimental findings. An experiment of different size grid maps is conducted to validate the ability of the proposed algorithm in term of search time. The comparative study with original JPS (B) exhibits the enhancement that has more benefits on grid maps of different size in terms of search time
Nonideal Ionization in Plasmas with Higher Charges

The effect of multiple ionization in dense plasmas is studied. By including the Coulomb interactions into the chemical potentials generalized Saha equations are derived. The existence of the following feedback loop is verified: (i) Multiply charged ions strongly enhance the nonideality; (ii) Nonideality enhances multiple ionization. Based on the pair distribution function at small distances simple expressions for the ionization recombination coefficients are derived.
Compact Electrochemical System Using On-Chip Sensor Electrodes and Integrated Devices

We report a compact electrochemical sensing system to implement cyclic voltammetry. This type of sensor needs a working electrode, counter electrode, and reference electrode, all of which were integrated on a single chip. The electrochemical system also needs a potentiostat and an input voltage-generating circuit, which were developed using on-chip active devices and a few discrete passive components. This is the first sensor system incorporating electrode-side input voltage generation for electrochemical measurements using an on-chip operational amplifier, which replaces a bulky external voltage controller. A continuous cyclic voltammetry measurement was conducted with a well-studied ferricyanide solution to demonstrate the operation of the intelligent sensor chip. A clear peak was observed and linearity to the target chemical concentration was obtained between the peak height and concentration of the ferricyanide solution. With potential for mass production and small size, this sensor chip could be the best candidate to realize point-of-care testing. This sensor chip is a milestone of a fully integrated electrochemical sensor chip.
Co-processing of Algae Hydrothermal Liquidation of Oil with VGO via Fluid Catalytic Cracking: Process Simulation and Optimization

Biofuels are expected to play a vital role in decreasing greenhouse gas emissions and facilitating the progressive transition from fossil fuels, resulting in low-carbon, high-sustainability fuels. The inclusion of biofuel sources into conventional petroleum refineries is gaining interest due to the increased crude oil prices, environmental concerns, and the necessity to maintain an energy supply. Processing alternative feedstocks would not necessitate substantial capital investments because refineries already have a well-established infrastructure for creating fuels and basic chemicals. There are several technological obstacles when converting bio-oil to transportation fuel on a large scale. The sensitivity analysis was used to confirm the improved simulation result, then compared to an experimental result from the literature. The effect of reactor temperature on feed conversion and product yield, mainly naphtha, light cycle oil (LCO), and fuel gas, was investigated. Furthermore, the effectiveness of various algae-hydrothermal liquefaction (AHTLO) mix ratios with VGO, ranging from 5, 10, and 15 wt%, was investigated. Moreover, a study was conducted on optimizing riser output temperatures and feed mass ratios to maximize the total naphtha and LCO or naphtha and LPG output and increase the production capacity. It was found that as the ratio of AHTLO increased, the conversion of all products and fuel gas yield decreased while the LCO increased. However, there was no discernible variation in the ratio of Naphtha.