Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regulating Interoperability: Lessons from AT&T, Microsoft, and Beyond

Antitrust law confronted the challenges of regulating interoperability between platforms and applications in both the AT&T and Microsoft cases, but it has yet to mine the series of lessons that can inform how to address this challenge going forward. With the Microsoft consent decree still in place, it may too soon to render a final judgment on the remedy adopted in that case as well as to evaluate more generally whether antitrust law is up to the task of developing the institutional strategies - be it the use of technical committees or reliance on standard setting bodies - for addressing interoperability concerns that are likely to increasingly arise in the information-based economy. Nonetheless, policymakers focused on the interoperability issue need to begin evaluating the possibilities and limits of antitrust law in this context. This Article argues that the effort to promote interoperability through antitrust oversight must grapple with a twin set of challenges. First, it must appreciate how standard setting bodies operate and how to bolster their effectiveness through appropriate government support and antitrust law oversight. Second, it must evaluate the comparative institutional competence of the available institutions that might play a role in different remedial strategies. If courts and enforcers can exercise increased creativity and develop effective remedial strategies, antitrust law can play an important role in avoiding the type of regulation that has generally governed network industries of critical importance to the economy. To be sure, it may be the case that regulating interoperability requires a regulatory authority to oversee the terms of access (as was the case in AT&T), but there are significant costs associated with moving towards an increased reliance on such authorities. Consequently, it is critically important that antitrust law - along with other institutions, such as standard setting bodies - grapple with the question of how to ensure effective oversight regarding access to a platform in a technologically dynamic environment.
Multiple Instance Visual-Semantic Embedding

In supplementary materials, we provide diagnostic experimental results of the proposed Multiple Instance Visual-Semantic Embedding (MIVSE) model, on the task of multi-label image annotation. This corresponds to Section 5.1. 5 of the paper. As introduced in Section 4 of the paper, MIVSE model establishes the mapping relationship between images and labels by modeling the subregion-to-label correspondence with a rank-weighting scheme. To better justify the contribution of several key components to MIVSE, we conduct diagnostic experiments on the task of multi-label image annotation on NUS-WIDE dataset [1]. We compare our method with its four variants, including: (a). “Naive multi-label VSE baseline" which uses the ranking loss objective as shown in Equation 1 of the paper. It is a naive extension of the VSE model from single-label to multi-label senerio; (b). “MIVSE w/o rank-weighting" that encodes subregion-to-label correspondence into the ranking loss objective as in Equation 2, while not including rankweighting as in Equation 4; (c). “MIVSE w. manual subregions": instead of using regionproposal method [6], we manually construct the subregion set by selecting subregions with minimum side length as 2, in the 4×4 rigidly defined image grid (totally 36 subregions), and rank-weighting is not included; (d). “MIVSE w. hinge loss" that replaces the ranking loss of MIVSE with hinge loss, while keeps the subregion-to-label correspondence and rank-weighting, whose loss function is defined as Lhinge(xi,yi) = ∑yp∈y+i w(rp) ·max(0,m+ minc∈Ci || f (xi )− s(yp)||2). Finally, our full model is named as “MIVSE full model". We compare our full model with those four variants. The results are shown in Table 1. According to the results, we can evaluate the importance of various components of MIVSE below: 1). Importance of modeling subregion-to-label correspondence: As shown in the Table, “MIVSE w/o rank-weighting" outperforms “Naive multi-label baseline" by 3.13% averaged over all metrics for k = 3 and 3.12% for k = 5, which validates the benefit of modeling subregion-to-label correspondence, as in Equation 2. 2). Importance of rank-weighting: By adding a rank-weighting scheme to the loss in Equation 4, our “MIVSE full model" further boost the performance of “MIVSE w/o rankweighting" by 0.99% for k = 3 and 0.95% for k = 5, which validates the contribution of rank-weighting in our objective function.
The Impact of COVID-19 Restrictions on Perceived Health and Wellbeing of Young Australian Sport and Physical Activity Participants

This study investigated the impact of Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19) restrictions on perceived health and wellbeing of young Australian sport and physical activity participants. A survey was conducted during the first COVID-19 restrictions and lockdowns in Australia (May–June 2020). Health measures were tabulated against five respondent characteristics, including settings and modes of sport and physical activity, and comparisons made with chi-square tests. Findings indicate that male youth were significantly more likely to report better physical (p = .001), general (p = .014), and mental (p ≤ .001) health compared to female youth. Individuals involved in both team and individual sport reported significantly better general (p = .022) and physical health (p = .003) compared to those involved in individual only sports or physical activity. While it is unclear if this is dose-related, team-based sport may encourage increased time in physical activity (i.e., dose) or social interactions, or a combination of both factors, which potentially buffers against declining health outcomes due to pandemic restrictions.
An Object-Conditional Land Cover Classification System (LCCS) Wetland Probability Detection Method for West African Savannas Using 250-Meter MODIS Observations

Within the GLOWA Volta river basin hydrology project in West Africa, a unique decision hierarchy based on FAO LCCS definitions was derived for two exemplary wetland sites in Burkina Faso. Primary aim is to infer wetland vegetation structural spaces for further biodiversity assessments and to simultaneously align these spaces to the FAO LCCS standard legend definitions on semi-natural regular flooded woody and herbaceous areas. We utilized 250-meter resolution 16-day Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI) as well as near infrared (NIR) time-series composite metrics from the moderate resolution MODIS sensor, to calculate harmonic vibrations/frequencies and NDVI dynamics or first derivatives between the 16-day NDVI MODIS composites. The MODIS metrics were corrected for cloud, shadow and other noise by an in house developed data segmentation tool (TiSeg). The MODIS time-series data were processed for the years 2000 to 2005, and used in conjunction with digital elevation data variables from the SRTM topographic mission. The MODIS wetland features were verified from wetland types mapped using contemporary high resolution 30-meter Landsat data and 4-meter Quickbird data. We found the first (January) and last (December) time measures of the NDVI harmonics in any particular year from 2000 to 2005 to be most useful in separating wetland spaces that are characterized by increased chlorophyll production. The wet season (July to October) near-infrared (NIR) MODIS time-series harmonics were well suited to discriminate near to permanent flooded herbaceous wetland spaces. Using the dynamics that is first derivative NDVI observations we further mapped highly dynamic wetland spaces, mostly changes of great magnitude from flooded herbaceous to bare soil. The location of topographic pits and streamline areas from the 90-meter radar SRTM data allowed further discrimination of wetland regimes. Herbaceous and woody regularly flooded areas as per LCCS were accurately mapped; regular flooded woody were mapped with an error of omissions score of between 9 percent and 5 percent, and herbaceous regular flooded spaces were mapped with an accuracy of 11 percent omission. Well corrected time series of 250-meter MODIS NDVI phonologies and NIR band observations, NDVI derivatives and topography variables are most powerful in mapping and characterizing wetland spaces in West African savannas that are related to biodiversity significances.
Advanced Interactive Digital Storytelling in Virtual Reality presentation of Austrian-Hungarian fortresses around Trebinje

Interactive Digital Storytelling (IDS) is a way of communicating information in the metaverse [BH22]. Gameplay elements added to these applications turn them into serious games that can offer unique immersive experiences of historical objects and events to museum visitors and online. In this paper, we describe this "Advanced IDS" methodology on a use case of the Trebinje Fortresses VR project. Austrian Hungarian Fortresses around Trebinje, Bosnia, and Herzegovina, are in decay, hardly accessible, and completely neglected. They can be explored in Virtual Reality through an application that combines Interactive Digital Storytelling narrated by officers who used to inhabit them with gameplays where the user becomes a carrier pigeon and carries the messages from one fortress to another while avoiding eagle attacks. After the first mission is successfully completed the user gets a task to accomplish in a fortress underground, and, if successful, gets the opportunity to explore digitized museum exhibits found in the fortress. The application is installed in the Trebinje Museum. The quality of user experience will be proven through an evaluation study.
Tri-Band Millimeter-Wave Antenna Unit Cell for a Deployable Scanning Reflectarray

The design and analysis of antennas to be used in a Configurable Reflectarray for Electronic Wideband Scanning Radiometry (CREWSR) is presented with simulation results. The target application requires independent beam scanning at 24GHz, 31GHz, and 50-58GHz. The low losses and phase linearity shown in the reflection response indicate good coverage for all three channels.
Dual-Band Circularly Polarized Micro-Array Synthesis Using Spherical Wave Expansion

This paper presents the design of a compact dual-band Right-Hand Circularly Polarized (RHCP) antenna for Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) applications. The design is based on two concentric parasitic micro $(\boldsymbol{\mu})-\mathbf{arrays}$; each formed by three Inverted F-Antennas (IFA). For each $\boldsymbol{\mu}-\mathbf{array}$, only one IFA is driven, while the other elements are loaded with optimized parasitic loads. The parasitic load values are optimized using a Spherical Wave Expansion (SWE) approach. The proposed antenna configuration covers the GPS-L2 (1215 MHz - 1237 MHz), GPS-L1 (1563 MHz - 1587 MHz), and the GALILEO-E1 (1559 MHz - 1591 MHz) bands.
Fundamental Study on Electrically Controllable Broadband and Thin Non-Reciprocal Metasurface

In this paper, we report fundamental simulation results on a novel structure combining magnetic materials and metal patches towards the realization of non-reciprocal metasurfaces that can be controlled by electrical signals to achieve stealth properties. The proposed structure realizes non-reciprocity with a cylindrical magnetic body and a metal patch placed next to it. Unidirectional microwave propagation is achieved by combining the circular propagation characteristics of magnetic materials and the transmission/reflection control of metal patches. As a result of simulation, it is possible to achieve isolation of 10 dB or more and a thickness of 1/3 wavelength or less with a bandwidth of 3GHz or more in the X band.
An Array of Millimeter-Wave Groove Gap Waveguide Elements with Phase Shifting and Polarization Reconfigurability

This paper discusses the design of an array of groove gap waveguide elements that achieves polarization reconfigurability over the span of frequencies between 28 and 32 GHz. The proposed array is composed of two vertically and two horizontally placed groove gap waveguide elements. Each element is able to act as a phase shifter by altering the pin configurations along the two sides of the groove. More specifically, at 30 GHz, each element produces a phase shift that spans between -96° and -49° with a phase step of almost 10°. In addition, polarization reconfigurability is achieved by exciting the corresponding waveguide elements through a single-pole-double-throw (SPDT) switch.
Critical Node Identification for Power Communication Networks Based on an Improved Structural Hole Algorithm

As the second strength network of the power grid, the power communication network is the cornerstone for maintaining the safe and stable operation of the grid. Identifying important nodes to the power communication network and protecting them redundantly can increase its risk resistance. In this paper, on the basis of complex network theory, the structure hole algorithm is improved by link importance to enable it to identify multi-layer network topology, overcoming the shortcomings of the traditional structure hole algorithm that cannot accurately identify bridging nodes and establishing an important node identification model (ILS) by combining the characteristics of power communication networks. The results show that ILS can effectively identify key nodes in power communication networks.
Metamaterial Phase-Shifter Utilizing a Compliant Mechanism Approach

A new metamaterial unit-cell design for reflectarray antennas (RA) that integrates an electromechanical reconfigurable metamaterial technology with a rugged compliant mechanism topology is presented. The proposed unit-cell design uses a compliant mechanism that achieves motion through a custom single-leaf spring compliant revolute iris to guide two shorting pins along the bottom surface of a circular patch element. The proposed design is actuated by a stepper motor for ease of control implementation and is safely positioned below the ground plane to shield against incident electric fields and minimize electromagnetic interference. The performance of the unit-cell in a full reflectarray configuration has been approximated through simulations, showing its potential for beam steering and high-power operation.
Effect of Array and Substrate Configurations on Transparent Mosaic Frequency Selective Surface

This study investigated the effect of the array and substrate configurations on the performance of the optically transparent Mosaic Frequency Selective Surface (MFSS). The MFSS structural element integrates the double hexagonal loops and Koch fractal structural elements. The transparent polycarbonate substrate (permittivity of 2.9, loss tangent of 0.02, substrate thickness of 1.5 mm) is used, where the silver conductor layer (thickness of 0.006 mm and conductivity of 4.3 x 106S/m) of the MFSS periodic array is patterned on the substrate surface. In this work, three types of configurations are assessed for the optically transparent MFSSs - single-sided MFSS (MFSS), double-sided MFSS (MFSS2), and multilayered MFSS (MFSS3). The simulation of the MFSSs is conducted using the Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Microwave Studio software. Based on the obtained result, it was concluded that the increase of the array and substrate configurations allowed the enhancement of bandwidth, especially for the first and the second bandstop frequency responses, and contrariwise for the bandpass frequency response. Meanwhile, the obtained cross-polarisation $(T_{yx})$ value showed that the simulated $T_{yx}$ degraded consequently as the array and substrate configurations of the MFSSs increased.
Integrated Millimeter-Wave and Microwave Antennas for Smartphones

An innovative, simple, low-cost, and practical integration solution of a millimeter-wave (mmw) antenna module based on a thin (0.3 mm) flexible printed circuit (FPC) and an FR1 (i.e., 410–7125 MHz) microwave (mcw) antenna based on a metal frame of a handset is presented for smartphone applications. The thin FPC-based mmw antenna module consists of a $1\times 4$ mmw antenna array covering 5G band n261. The metal carrier of the mmw antenna module is electrically connected to a metal-frame-based FR1 mcw antenna in a smartphone as an extension of the FR1 mcw antenna. The FR1 mcw antenna can support multiple LTE bands 12, 13, 17, 28, and 30, and the WLAN 2.4-GHz band.
Wideband Circularly Polarized Slotted Multi-Port Patch Antenna for High-Precision GNSS Systems

A modified patch antenna based on the four-port feeds connected with 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270° phase shifters is presented to achieve a broadband circular polarization performance. The impedance bandwidth at or above 10dB return loss is about 620MHz, from 1.07GHz to 1.69GHz. The 3dB-axial-ratio bandwidth is about 610MHz, from 1.12GHz to 1.73GHz. The proposed patch antenna is suitable for high-precision GNSS applications.
Equivalent Circuit Analysis of an Open-Ended Slot Type RFID Tag Antenna

In this paper, we discuss UHF (RAIN) RFID tags with open-ended slot type antennas. We show that such tags can be analyzed using the same equivalent circuit that represents T-matched dipole tags. We explore the correspondence between slot type tag antenna geometry and its equivalent circuit parameters. We also present a practical $80\ \text{mm}\times 25\ \text{mm}$ RFID tag example with good agreement between model and measurements.
Edge-based Material Cell Meshing for Improved Accuracy of Laguerre-Fdtd Method

The unconditionally stable Laguerre-FDTD method is suitable for simulating 3-D multi-scale structures. In this work, a new meshing scheme for treating material cell in Laguerre- FDTD method is proposed to improve the simulation accuracy. This scheme uses linear average calculation of effective material property at edges of a material cell. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithm achieves significant improvement in simulation accuracy over conventional meshing.
A Single Layer Frequency Selective Surface for Dual Communication and Localization Applications

This paper presents the design, analysis and fabrication of a single layer frequency selective surface (FSS) operating in both sub-7 GHz and 77 GHz bands. The application of this FSS is two-fold. The first is to act as a radome in the lower band by shielding an antenna and the second is as a 77 GHz radar reflector operating over a range of angles of incidence from 0° to 20°. In the lower band, the goal is maintaining high transmission to allow for the pass-through of communication signals. A band-stop filter response is designed with a square loop unit cell at 77 GHz to ensure high reflection. Simulation results using Ansys HFSS are shown for both bands. Experimental results validating the transmission and illustrating the use case are carried out by placing the FSS in front of a dual-polarized antenna and measuring its characteristics at 5.4 GHz.
Heterogeneously Integrated 6–12 GHz Butler Matrix

A 4x4 Butler matrix designed in a Metal Embedded Chip Assembly (MECA) process is presented. The broadband multi-beam feed network covers 6–12 GHz and is designed to be integrated with a double-ridged horn array. Three individual alumina pieces are integrated in a metal-embedded process using the interconnect layer for the final connections. Simulation results show the expected performance with amplitude imbalance less than 1.5 dB and phase imbalance less than 21° across the 6–12 GHz octave. The resulting radiation patterns using the Butler matrix are shown with steering of 14° and 40° at 6 GHz and 7° and 21° at 12 GHz.
Temperature-Based Performance of Millimeter-Wave Antenna-In-Package

Advances in millimeter-wave (mm-wave) electronic circuits enable the integration of entire transmitter/receiver radio modules in a single chip or system on chip (SoC). SoC and the introduction of antenna-in-package (AiP) technology facilitate the integration of transmit and receive modules in a single packaged solution. With new developments in materials and processes in $\text{AiP}$ technology, the operating frequency range can shift to values greater than 100 GHz. One important aspect to consider in the design of mm-wave $\mathbf{AiP}$ is the temperature effects on the dielectric substrates of the antenna. In this paper, we introduce a broadband E-Shaped patch (ESP) antenna integrated in a flip-chip enhanced quad flat no leads (FCeQFN) package with silicon die, working in the WR8 band (90–140 GHz) with simulations results comparing the $\text{AiP}$ performance when substrates are exposed to $23^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$ and $150^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$.
Analytical Eigenstate Equivalent Circuit for Narrow-Slot Bi-Periodic Scatterers

The analytical values of the parameters of an eigenstate-based equivalent circuit are obtained for the analysis and modeling of a simple bi-periodic scatterer. The scatterer geometry consists of a rotated, very narrow slot. Analytical values of this kind of equivalent circuit are obtained for the first time by comparison with a fully-analytical multi-mode equivalent circuit. Analytical results are contrasted with simulated ones, and a very good agreement is found.
A Single-Layer Metasurface Structure for Forward-to-Backward Scanning Applications

A single-layer penetrable modulated reactance surface over an impenetrable reactance boundary for tunable leaky-wave radiation is presented. A TM-polarized slow wave feeds a radiating aperture in a waveguide comprising a perfect electric conductor cover and an impenetrable reactance surface. Introducing a set of surface waves, complete tangential fields on the aperture are synthesized under the power balance condition, resulting in a reactive impedance surface. Three 10-wavelength-long apertures are designed and numerically validated for broad-side and ±60° scans.
Active-Isolation Improvement Based on Phase-Only Optimization Techniques

In this paper, a novel methodology based on the phase-only optimization technique is proposed to realize the high isolation in a shared-aperture millimeter-wave phased array antenna. It is hard to realize the high active isolation in shared-aperture due to the increase of the mutual coupling between elements and the surface wave effect. In order to enhance the realization and reduce the complexity of the hardware design, two active isolation models are proposed for a shared-aperture phased array. Based on the combined expression of the active isolation and the radiation characteristics, by extracting the common factor, a fast optimization of the active isolation and the radiation performance through the optimization of the phase excitations can be realized. By attaching an extra set of phases to the port, the array with a good active isolation can be accomplished in the designated scan region with a little degradation of the radiation performance. As an example, in a K/Ka dual-band dual-circular-polarized shared- aperture phased array antenna, more than 50 dB of the active isolation can be achieved in the scanning range of ±50°.
Dual-Port Endfire Millimeter Wave Reconfigurable Antenna with Optimized Pixel Surface

A dual-port 1×2 antenna array incorporating a parasitic pixel surface in front of the array is proposed. By optimizing the pixel surface, different radiation patterns can be provided by each port. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach, a dual-port design, with patterns directed to 112° and 66° and gains of 7.87 dBi and 6.95 dBi respectively at 28 GHz, is provided. A feature of the design is that no RF switches are needed in the pixel surface. The proposed antenna array can be suitable for future fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication systems.