Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detection of standing internal gravity waves in experiments with convection over a wavy heated wall

Convection over a wavy heated bottom wall in the air flow has been studied in experiments with the Rayleigh number $\sim 10^8$. It is shown that the mean temperature gradient in the flow core inside a large-scale circulation is directed upward, that corresponds to the stably stratified flow. In the experiments with a wavy heated bottom wall, we detect large-scale standing internal gravity waves excited in the regions with the stably stratified flow. The wavelength and the period of these waves are much larger than the turbulent spatial and time scales, respectively. In particular, the frequencies of the observed large-scale waves vary from 0.006 Hz to 0.07 Hz, while the turbulent time in the integral scale is about 0.5 s. The measured spectra of these waves contains several localized maxima, that implies an existence of waveguide resonators for the large-scale standing internal gravity waves. For comparisons, experiments with convection over a smooth plane bottom wall at the same mean temperature difference between bottom and upper walls have been also conducted. In these experiments various locations with a stably stratified flow are also found and the large-scale standing internal gravity waves are observed in these regions.
A Multibranch U-Shaped Tunable Encoding Chipless RFID Strain Sensor for IoT Sensing System

Structural health monitoring (SHM) is essential for modern large buildings and infrastructure. Radio frequency identification (RFID) widen a new paradigm for SHM in the Internet of Things (IoT) era. This article introduces a low-cost intelligent RFID monitoring system for future IoT applications. Through adding a multiparameter sensing strategy to the passive RFID tags that can be deployed on a large scale to form a sensor network, which expands the coverage of IoT in key positions health monitoring of buildings. In this work, a novel chipless RFID strain sensing tag is designed to characterize the magnitude and direction of metal surface strain, and a low-cost detection method suitable for large mechanical structures is proposed. The traditional strain antennas focus on identifying the strain characteristics without the function of encoding, and there are limitations, such as the rigid measurement methods and the expensive measurement instruments. The tag designed in this article integrates both strain sensing and encoding functions, and has the advantages of small size, high data capacity, and information reading is not easily affected by environmental noise. This article proposes an economical and flexible tag spectrum extraction method, which realizes the intelligent collection and transmission of tag data by connecting lightweight vector network analyzer (VNA) with microcontroller. Combined with the IoT, this method can be well applied to the security assessment and damage detection of large infrastructure structures, which provides a new approach to modern building health monitoring applications from integrated tag design to intelligent detection and risk assessment schemes.
The trumping relation and the structure of the bipartite entangled states

The majorization relation has been shown to be useful in classifying which transformations of jointly held quantum states are possible using local operations and classical communication. In some cases, a direct transformation between two states is not possible, but it becomes possible in the presence of another state (known as a catalyst ); this situation is described mathematically by the trumping relation, an extension of majorization. The structure of the trumping relation is not nearly as well understood as that of majorization. We give an introduction to this subject and derive some new results. Most notably, we show that the dimension of the required catalyst is in general unbounded; there is no integer k such that it suﬃces to consider catalysts of dimension k or less in determining which states can be catalyzed into a given state. We also show that almost all bipartite entangled states are potentially useful as catalysts.
Constraints on gauged B-3L(tau) and related theories

We consider extensions of the standard model with an extra U(1) gauge boson that couples to B-({alpha}L{sub e}+{beta}L{sub {mu}}+{gamma}L{sub {tau}}) with {alpha}+{beta}+{gamma}=3. We show that the extra gauge boson necessarily mixes with the Z, leading to potentially significant corrections to the Zf{bar f} vertex. The constraints on the size of this correction imposed by the Z-pole data from CERN LEP and SLD are derived.
Deep learning for galaxy mergers in the galaxy main sequence

Abstract Starburst galaxies are often found to be the result of galaxy mergers. As a result, galaxy mergers are often believed to lie above the galaxy main sequence: the tight correlation between stellar mass and star formation rate. Here, we aim to test this claim. Deep learning techniques are applied to images from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey to provide visual-like classifications for over 340 000 objects between redshifts of 0.005 and 0.1. The aim of this classification is to split the galaxy population into merger and non-merger systems and we are currently achieving an accuracy of 92.5%. Stellar masses and star formation rates are also estimated using panchromatic data for the entire galaxy population. With these preliminary data, the mergers are placed onto the full galaxy main sequence, where we find that merging systems lie across the entire star formation rate - stellar mass plane.
Systematic differences in the spectroscopic analysis of red giants

Aims. A spectroscopic analysis of stellar spectra can be carried out using multiple approaches such as different methods, line lists, atmospheric models, atomic parameters, and solar abundances. The resulting atmospheric parameters from these choices can vary beyond the quoted uncertainties in the literature. We characterize these differences by systematically comparing some of the commonly adopted ingredients such as line lists, equivalent width measurements, and atomic parameters. Methods. High-resolution and high signal-to-noise (S/N) spectroscopic data of one helium-core-burning red giant star in each of the three open clusters, NGC 6819, M67, and NGC 188 were obtained with the FIES spectrograph at the Nordic Optical Telescope. The M67 target was used to benchmark the analysis, as it is a well-studied cluster with asteroseismic data from the K2 mission. For the other two clusters we obtained higher quality data than had been analyzed before, which allows us to establish their chemical composition more securely. Using a line by line analysis, we tested several different combinations of line lists and programs to measure equivalent widths of stellar absorption lines to characterize systematic differences within the same spectroscopic method. Results. The obtained parameters for the benchmark star in M67 vary up to ~170 K in effective temperature, ~0.4 dex in log g and ~0.25 dex in [Fe/H] between the tested setups. Using the combination of an equivalent width measurement program and line list that best reproduce the inferred surface gravity from asteroseismology, we determined the atmospheric parameters for the three stars and securely established the chemical composition of NGC 6819 to be close to solar, [Fe/H] = −0.02 ± 0.01 dex. Conclusions. We highlighted the significantly different results obtained with different combinations of line lists, programs, and atomic parameters. The results emphasize the importance of benchmark stars studied with several methods to anchor spectroscopic analyses.
Evaluation of Factors Influencing Maritime Dangerous Cargo Transport Accidents-Induced Crew Fatalities and Serious Injuries

Maritime dangerous cargo transport accidents can lead to crew fatalities and serious injuries. This paper focuses on these accidents to evaluate the factors involved in these losses. To that end, the relevant reports of 2000–2020 maritime dangerous cargo transport accidents recorded in the Marine Casualties and Incidents (MCI) module of the International Maritime Organization’s Integrated Shipping Information System (IMO-GISIS) database were analyzed. Six initial events in six basic ship operations were determined. This paper combined the entropy weight and Grey relational analysis methods to analyze the involved factors and evaluate the extent of influences of each initial event in various ship operations. The entropy weight (EW) method was applied to determine the weights of basic ship operations. The grey relational analysis method was applied to calculate the correlational degrees of the initial events. Most crew fatalities and severe injuries occur during bunkering, berthing, and mooring operations. Occupational accidents and fires/explosions are the most influential factors; more specifically, occupational accidents during sailing, cargo loading/unloading, anchoring, berthing, and mooring operations and fires/explosions during bunkering operations are most likely to lead to crew fatalities and serious injuries. The results of this paper can aid stakeholders in improving the required strategies to ensure the safety of seafarers during maritime dangerous cargo transport. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-10-05 Full Text: PDF
Lorentz force effects for graphene Aharonov-Bohm interferometers

We investigate magnetic deflection of currents that flow across the Aharonov-Bohm interferometers defined in graphene. We consider devices induced by closed $n\text{\ensuremath{-}}p$ junctions in nanoribbons as well as etched quantum rings. The deflection effects on conductance are strictly correlated with the properties of the ring-localized quasibound states. The energy of these states, their lifetime, and the periodicity of the conductance oscillations are determined by orientation of the current circulating within the interferometer. The formation of high harmonics of conductance at high magnetic field and the role of intervalley scattering are discussed.
Development of an Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet Device Using Four-Bore Tubing and Its Applications of In-Liquid Material Decomposition and Solution Plasma Polymerization

In this study, we describe an atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) device made of four-bore tubing operable in inhospitable humid environments and introduce two potential applications of liquid material processing: decomposition of aqueous phosphorus compounds and solution-plasma polymerization. A four-bore tube was used as the plasma transfer conduit and two diagonal bores contained metal wires. In the proposed APPJ device, the metal wires serving as electrodes are completely enclosed inside the holes of the multi-bore glass tube. This feature allows the APPJ device to operate both safely and reliably in humid environments or even underwater. Thus, we demonstrate that the proposed electrode-embedded APPJ device can effectively decompose aqueous phosphorus compounds into their phosphate form by directly processing the solution sample. As another application of the proposed APPJ device, we also present the successful synthesis of polypyrrole nanoparticles by solution plasma polymerization in liquid pyrrole.
X-Ray Shots of Cygnus X-1

X-ray shots of Cyg X-1 in different energy bands and spectral states have been studied with proportional counter array (PCA)/Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) observations. The detailed shot structure is obtained by superposing many shots with 1 ms time bin through aligning their peaks with an improved algorithm. In general, the shots are composed of a slow rise and fast decay. The shot structures in the different states are different. The duration of a shot in the high state is shorter than that in the low and transition states. The shot profile in the high-energy band is more asymmetric and narrower than that in the low-energy band. The average hardness of a shot is lower than that of steady emission in the transition and low states but higher than that in the high state. The time lags between the shots in higher and lower energy bands have been found in the different states. In transition states, the time lag is largest among the different states of Cyg X-1, and it is smallest in the low state. The implications of the observed shot features for shot models are discussed.
Deciphering the Role and Signaling Pathways of PKCα in Luminal A Breast Cancer Cells

Protein kinase C (PKC) comprises a family of highly related serine/threonine protein kinases involved in multiple signaling pathways, which control cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. The role of PKCα in cancer has been studied for many years. However, it has been impossible to establish whether PKCα acts as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor. Here, we analyzed the importance of PKCα in cellular processes such as proliferation, migration, or apoptosis by inhibiting its gene expression in a luminal A breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). Differential expression analysis and phospho-kinase arrays of PKCα-KD vs. PKCα-WT MCF-7 cells identified an essential set of proteins and oncogenic kinases of the JAK/STAT and PI3K/AKT pathways that were down-regulated, whereas IGF1R, ERK1/2, and p53 were up-regulated. In addition, unexpected genes related to the interferon pathway appeared down-regulated, while PLC, ERBB4, or PDGFA displayed up-regulated. The integration of this information clearly showed us the usefulness of inhibiting a multifunctional kinase-like PKCα in the first step to control the tumor phenotype. Then allowing us to design a possible selection of specific inhibitors for the unexpected up-regulated pathways to further provide a second step of treatment to inhibit the proliferation and migration of MCF-7 cells. The results of this study suggest that PKCα plays an oncogenic role in this type of breast cancer model. In addition, it reveals the signaling mode of PKCα at both gene expression and kinase activation. In this way, a wide range of proteins can implement a new strategy to fine-tune the control of crucial functions in these cells and pave the way for designing targeted cancer therapies.
Stochastic limit approximation for rapidly decaying systems

The stochastic limit approximation method for ``rapid'' decay is presented, where the damping rate \gamma is comparable to the system frequency \Omega, i.e., \gamma \sim \Omega, whereas the usual stochastic limit approximation is applied only to the weak damping situation \gamma > \hbar\Omega and the master equations obtained are of the Lindblad form even for the Caldeira-Leggett model. The validity of the method is confirmed by comparing the master equation derived through this method with the exact one.
Bilinear matrix inequality approaches to robust guaranteed cost control for uncertain discrete‐time delay system

The robust guaranteed cost control problem for uncertain discrete‐time delay system is considered in this paper. Sufficient conditions for the existence of the robust guaranteed cost controllers via memoryless state feedback and static output feedback are expressed as bilinear matrix inequality (BMI). Furthermore, the design methods of optimal robust guaranteed cost controllers, which minimize the upper bound of a given quadratic cost function are presented. Alternate iterative algorithms are proposed to solve the nonconvex optimization problems with BMI constrains. A numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rotating real-valued functions in the plane

Let f be a real-valued function defined over a subset of . In the following article, we investigate the graph of f under rotation by a fixed angle about the origin. In particular, we give necessary and sufficient conditions on the angles of rotation which result in an image that still describes a function. We include several illuminating examples and use the converse of the mean value theorem to extend previously known results.
The Extragalactic Distance Scale Key Project. VIII. The Discovery of Cepheids and a New Distance to NGC 3621 Using the Hubble Space Telescope

We report on the discovery of Cepheids in the field spiral galaxy NGC 3621, based on observations made with the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 on board the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). NGC 3621 is one of 18 galaxies observed as a part of the HST Key Project on the Extragalactic Distance Scale, which aims to measure the Hubble constant to 10% accuracy. Sixty-nine Cepheids with periods in the range 9-60 days were observed over 12 epochs using the F555W filter, and over four epochs using the F814W filter. The HST F555W and F814W data were transformed to the Johnson V and Kron-Cousins I magnitude systems, respectively. Photometry was performed using two independent packages, DAOPHOT II/ALLFRAME and DoPHOT. Period-luminosity relations in the V and I bands were constructed using 36 fairly isolated Cepheids present in our set of 69 variables. Extinction-corrected distance moduli relative to the LMC of 10.63 ± 0.09 and 10.56 ± 0.10 mag were obtained using the ALLFRAME and DoPHOT data, respectively. True distance moduli of 29.13 ± 0.18 and 29.06 ± 0.18 mag, corresponding to distances of 6.3 ± 0.7 and 6.1 ± 0.7 Mpc, were obtained by assuming values of μ0 = 18.50 ± 0.10 mag and E(V - I) = 0.13 mag for the distance modulus and reddening of the LMC, respectively.
NGC 6749: a metal-poor halo globular cluster in a disc field rich in Mira variables

We present V, I photometry of the loose star cluster NGC 6749, and for the first time colour-magnitude diagrams are provided. We confirm that it is a globular cluster and its blue horizontal branch indicates that it is metal-poor. We derive a reddening of E(B V) = 1.39 ± 0.04 and a distance from the Sun do = 7.3 ± 0.9 kpc (assuming a total-to-selective absorption R = 3.4). The cluster is projected very close to the Galactic plane, and the derived distance implies a Galactic coordinate Z ~ 300 pc. lt is thus a halo globular cluster located close to the disc plane. We also discuss the properties of 78 newly discovered long-period variable stars, of which 75 are Miras, projected within 10 of the cluster centre. The variables do not appear to be associated with the globular cluster. From their periods, most of them belong to the metal-rich disc or bulge stellar populations.
Analyses of Fatty Acids, Proteins, Ascorbic Acid, Bioactive Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Canadian Barley Cultivars and Elite Germplasm

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grain is rich in fiber and antioxidant phytochemicals, including fatty acids, proteins, phenolic compounds, vitamins, and minerals, that offer various health benefits. Research on identifying different barley genotypes based on their health attributes is very limited. In this study, we performed an analysis of fatty acids, proteins, ascorbic acid, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity of several Canadian barley cultivars and elite breeding lines. Linoleic acid (C18:2) was the predominant fatty acid present in the tested barley cultivars. The cultivar CDC Bold contained the highest amount of ascorbic acid, while the highest protein content was in CDC Mindon. An assessment of the free and bound phenolic compounds of barley grains showed quantitative changes among different genotypes of Canadian barley. Catechin is the most abundant molecule in free phenolics, while ferulic acid and para-coumeric acid are the most abundant in bound phenolics. Ferulic acid and vanillic acid were molecules detected in the soluble free fraction of all genotypes. Para-coumeric acid was detected only in genotypes such as CDC Copeland, CDC Bold, Lowe, and elite breeding Line 5 of both free and bound fractions of barley. Breeding Line 5 had the lowest antioxidant activity. An analysis of the above molecules and parameters of Canadian barley would help to uncover potential biomarkers in order to distinguish individual barley genotypes.
First-order phase transition by the XY-model of particle dynamics

A gas-liquid type of phase transition is found based on the particle dynamics on a radius-R circle in which the coordinate appears as the angle-variable of the 1D XY-model. Due to the specific appearance of a compact-space radius (volume) in the present interpretation of the XY-model, the ground state develops a minimum at some critical radius, leading to the multi-valued Gibbs energy similar to systems with first-order phase transition.
Gauge checks, consistency of approximation schemes and numerical evaluation of realistic scattering amplitudes

In this work we discuss both theoretical tools to verify gauge invariance in numerical calculations of cross sections and the consistency of approximation schemes used in realistic calculations. We determine a finite set of Ward Identities for 4 point scattering amplitudes that is sufficient to verify the correct implementation of Feynman rules of a spontaneously broken gauge theory in a model independent way. These identities have been implemented in the matrix element generator O'Mega and have been used to verify the implementation of the complete standard Model in Rξ gauge. As a theoretical tool, we derive a new identity for vertex functions with several momentum contractions. The problem of the consistency of approximation schemes in tree level calculations is discussed in the last part of this work. We determine the gauge invariance classes of spontaneously broken gauge theories, providing a new proof for the formalism of gauge and flavor flips. The schemes for finite width effects that have been implemented in O'Mega are reviewed. As a comparison with existing calcuations, we study the consistency of these schemes in the process e-e+→ e- νe u dbar. The violations of gauge invariance caused by the introduction of running coupling constants are analyzed.
Limb Darkening of a K Giant in the Galactic Bulge: PLANET Photometry of MACHO 97-BLG-28

We present the PLANET photometric data set for the binary-lens microlensing event MACHO 97-BLG-28, consisting of 696 I- and V-band measurements, and analyze it to determine the radial surface brightness profile of the Galactic bulge source star. The microlensed source, demonstrated to be a K giant by our independent spectroscopy, crossed an isolated cusp of the central caustic of the lensing binary, generating a sharp peak in the light curve that was well-resolved by dense (3-30 minute) and continuous monitoring from PLANET sites in Chile, South Africa, and Australia. This is the first time that such a cusp crossing has been observed. Analysis of the PLANET data set has produced a measurement of the square-root limb-darkening coefficients of the source star in the I and V bands; the resulting stellar profiles are in excellent agreement with those predicted by stellar atmospheric models for K giants. The limb-darkening coefficients presented here are the first derived from microlensing. They are also among the first found for normal giants by any technique and the first for any star as distant as the Galactic bulge. Modeling of our light curve for MACHO 97-BLG-28 indicates that the lensing binary has a mass ratio q = 0.23 and an (instantaneous) separation in units of the angular Einstein ring radius of d = 0.69. For a lens in the Galactic bulge, this corresponds to a typical stellar binary with a projected separation between 1 and 2 AU. If the lens lies closer (i.e., in the Galactic disk), the separation is smaller, and one or both of the lens objects is in the brown dwarf regime. Assuming that the source is a bulge K2 giant at 8 kpc, the relative lens-source proper motion is μ = 19.4 ± 2.6 km s-1 kpc-1, consistent with a disk or bulge lens. If the nonlensed blended light is due to a single star, it is likely to be a young white dwarf in the bulge, consistent with the blended light coming from the lens itself.