Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A high-resolution study of intergalactic O vi absorbers at z∼ 2.3

We present a detailed study of the largest sample of intervening O vi systems in the redshift range 1.9 ≤z≤ 3.1 detected in high-resolution (R∼ 45 000) spectra of 18 bright quasi-stellar objects observed with Very Large Telescope/Ultraviolet and Visible Echelle Spectrograph. Based on Voigt profile and apparent optical depth analysis we find that (i) the Doppler parameters of the O vi absorption are usually broader than those of C iv, (ii) the column density distribution of O vi is steeper than that of C iv, (iii) line spread (δv) of the O vi and C iv is strongly correlated (at 5.3σ level) with δv(O vi) being systematically larger than δv(C iv) and (iv) δv(O vi) and δv(C iv) are also correlated (at >5σ level) with their respective column densities and with N(H i) (3 and 4.5σ, respectively). The median column densities of H i, O vi and C iv are found to be higher when low ions are present. N(C iv) and N(H i) are strongly correlated (at 4.3σ level). However, no significant correlation is found between N(O vi) and N(H i). These findings favour the idea that C iv and O vi absorption originate from different phases of a correlated structure and systems with large velocity spread is probably associated with overdense regions. The velocity offset between optical depth weighted redshifts of C iv and O vi absorption is found to be in the range 0 ≤|Δv(O vi–C iv)|≤ 48 km s−1 with a median value of 8 km s−1. We do not find any evidence for the ratios N(O vi)/N(H i), N(O vi)/N(C iv) and N(C iv)/N(H i) to evolve with z over the redshift range considered here. However, a lack of systems with high N(O vi)/N(H i) ratio (i.e. ≥−0.5 dex) for z > 2.5 is noticeable. Similar trend is also seen for the N(C iv)/N(H i) ratio. We compare the properties of O vi systems in our sample with that of low-redshift (z 1013.7 cm−2, estimated in our high-z sample, is very similar to low-z estimations.
Matrix product states for critical spin chains: Finite-size versus finite-entanglement scaling

We investigate the use of matrix product states (MPS) to approximate ground states of critical quantum spin chains with periodic boundary conditions (PBC). We identify two regimes in the $(N,D)$ parameter plane, where $N$ is the size of the spin chain and $D$ is the dimension of the MPS matrices. In the first regime, MPS can be used to perform finite size scaling (FSS). In the complementary regime, the MPS simulations show instead the clear signature of finite entanglement scaling (FES). In the thermodynamic limit (or large $N$ limit), only MPS in the FSS regime maintain a finite overlap with the exact ground state. This observation has implications on how to correctly perform FSS with MPS as well as on the performance of recent MPS algorithms for systems with PBC. It also gives clear evidence that critical models can actually be simulated very well with MPS by using the right scaling relations; in the appendixes, we give an alternative derivation of the result of Pollmann et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 255701 (2009)] relating the bond dimension of the MPS to an effective correlation length.
High Precision Liquid Level and Leak Detection Based on Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasound Transducer

This paper reports on a miniaturized liquid level sensor, that is sensitive to very small changes in the liquid level, and thus can also be exploited for leak detection particularly for small-volume fluid reservoirs, where sensor size and detection precision are crucial factors. The sensing principle is based on measuring the time of flight of the ultrasound signal to and from liquid / air interface using Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasound Transducer (CMUT). The sensor can be used in contact or non-contact modes, and is unaffected by fluid coating on sensor surface. The sensor was tested in contact mode for a liquid volume of ca. 725 ml, and proved to be sensitive to 0.2 mm level or 5 ml volume change. In non-contact mode, a smaller volume change was aimed where a 1 ml change was clearly distinguishable.
Hyperscaling violating black hole solutions and Magneto-thermoelectric DC conductivities in holography

We derive new black hole solutions in Einstein-Maxwell-Axion-Dilaton theory with a hyperscaling violation exponent. We then examine the corresponding anomalous transport exhibited by cuprate strange metals in the normal phase of high-temperature superconductors via gauge/gravity duality. Linear temperature dependence resistivity and quadratic temperature dependence inverse Hall angle can be achieved. In the high temperature regime, the heat conductivity and Hall Lorenz ratio are proportional to the temperature. The Nernst signal first increases as temperature goes up but it then decreases with increasing temperature in the high temperature regime.
Antioxidant Supplementation on Sperm DNA Fragmentation and Sperm Parameters: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective: Infertility affects about 15% of couples in reproductive age worldwide. Male factors are the main causes for this condition. Antioxidants have long been used for infertility treatment as they are easily available with a low cost. In this systematic review, we focused on the relation between antioxidant supplementation and sperm DNA fragmentation and other sperm parameters. Material and methods: An online search from PubMed and ScienceDirect databases was conducted by 2 reviewers. We reviewed full-text articles to obtain detailed information. Results: Nine articles were included in this study. Four studies revealed a statistically significant reduction of sperm DNA fragmentation and five studies revealed an insignificant decrease of sperm DNA fragmentation. Sperm concentration, sperm motility, and morphology were also increased after antioxidant supplementation. Pregnancy rates were reported in 3 studies; the rates increased in 2 studies, and similar rate to placebo group was observed in 1 study. Conclusion: Antioxidant supplementation can counteract against oxidative stress and improve spermatogenesis process reflected by decrease of DNA Fragmentation Index (DFI), improvement of sperm parameters, and elevation of pregnancy rates confirmed by those included studies.
Species separation and modification of neutron diagnostics in inertial-confinement fusion

The different behaviours of deuterium (D) and tritium (T) in the hot spot of marginally igniting cryogenic DT inertial-confinement fusion (ICF) targets are investigated with an ion Fokker-Planck model. With respect to an equivalent single-species model, a higher density and a higher temperature are found for T in the stagnation phase of the target implosion. In addition, the stagnating hot spot is found to be less dense but hotter than in the single-species case. As a result, the fusion reaction yield in the hot spot is significantly increased. Fusion neutron diagnostics of the implosion find a larger ion temperature as deduced from DT reactions than from DD reactions, in good agreement with NIF experimental results. ICF target designs should thus definitely take ion-kinetic effects into account.
10 Years of Natural Data Storage

Digital data explosion has been driving a demand for robust and reliable data storage medium. The present day digital storage devices presents a big challenge for data scientists to provide reliable, affordable and dense storage medium. In the last decade, natural storage medium such as DNA, bacteria, and protein has been shown as a promising approach for next generation information storage systems. This article is a review that discusses advancements in the natural data storage, which has potential to replace the current physical storage for archival systems and have high storage per unit weight of medium, and is affordable and reliable. Further, the challenges for natural data storage will also be presented. With the international DNA data storage alliance of more than 30 companies and academic alliance in 2020, one would hope that DNA data storage will soon be available commercially in next 5–10 years. The success of the alliance will also motivate researchers to explore the other natural storage medium such as bacteria and protein which are currently in the lab.
Why did Comet 17P/Holmes burst out?

Based on millimeter-wavelength continuum observations we suggest that the recent 'spectacle' of comet 17P/Holmes can be explained by a thick, air-tight dust cover and the effects of H2O sublimation, which started when the comet arrived at the heliocentric distance <= 2.5 AU. The porous structure inside the nucleus provided enough surface for additional sublimation, which eventually led to the break up of the dust cover and to the observed outburst. The magnitude of the particle burst can be explained by the energy provided by insolation, stored in the dust cover and the nucleus within the months before the outburst: the subliming surface within the nucleus is more than one order of magnitude larger than the geometric surface of the nucleus -- possibly an indication of the latter's porous structure. Another surprise is that the abundance ratios of several molecular species with respect to H2O are variable. During this apparition, comet Holmes lost about 3% of its mass, corresponding to a 'dirty ice' layer of 20m.
Lepton Flavor Violation in Predictive SUSY-GUT Models

There have been many theoretical models constructed that aim to explain the neutrino masses and mixing patterns. While many of the models will be eliminated once more accurate determinations of the mixing parameters, especially sin{sup 2}2{theta}{sub 13}, are obtained, charged lepton flavor violation experiments are able to differentiate even further among the models. In this paper, we investigate various rare lepton flavor violation processes, such as l{sub i}{yields}l{sub j}+{gamma} and {mu}-e conversion, in five predictive supersymmetric (SUSY) SO(10) models and their allowed soft-SUSY breaking parameter space in the constrained minimal SUSY standard model. Utilizing the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe dark matter constraints, we obtain lower bounds on the branching ratios of these rare processes and find that at least three of the five models we consider give rise to predictions for {mu}{yields}e+{gamma} that will be tested by the MEG Collaboration at PSI. In addition, the next generation {mu}-e conversion experiment has sensitivity to the predictions of all five models, making it an even more robust way to test these models. While generic studies have emphasized the dependence of the branching ratios of these rare processes on the reactor neutrino angle {theta}{sub 13} and the mass of the heaviest right-handed neutrinomore » M{sub 3} we find very massive M{sub 3} is more significant than large {theta}{sub 13} in leading to branching ratios near to the present upper limits. « less
Likely values of the Higgs vev

We make an estimate of the likelihood function for the Higgs vacuum expectation value by imposing anthropic constraints on the existence of atoms while allowing the other parameters of the Standard Model to also be variable. We argue that the most important extra ingredients are the Yukawa couplings, and for the intrinsic distribution of Yukawa couplings we use the scale invariant distribution which is favored phenomenologically. The result is successful phenomenologically, favoring values close to the observed vev. We also discuss modifications that can change these conclusions. Our work supports the hypothesis that the anthropic constraints could be the origin of the small value of the Higgs vev.
MULTICLASS CLASSIFICATION STRATEGY BASED ON DIPOLES

The problem of multiclass classification is considered and resolved through the approach based on dipoles. The found hyperplane separates objects from different classes cutting between them and not through their middle. The crux is to define a suitable func- tional, which is small on lines with good separation power and little damage, easy to cal- culate and to minimize. The numerical tests were performed and the criterion modified in a way that preserves the intention of finding cuts between classes, which separate as many data points as possible. The approach was tested on some synthetic data sets using a recursive implementation.
Local gravitational redshifts can bias cosmological measurements

Measurements of cosmological parameters via the distance-redshift relation usually rely on models that assume a homogenous universe. It is commonly presumed that the large-scale structure evident in our Universe has a negligible impact on the measurement if distances probed in observations are sufficiently large (compared to the scale of inhomogeneities) and are averaged over different directions on the sky. This presumption does not hold when considering the effect of the gravitational redshift caused by our local gravitational potential, which alters light coming from all distances and directions in the same way. Despite its small magnitude, this local gravitational redshift gives rise to noticeable effects in cosmological inference using SN Ia data. Assuming conservative prior knowledge of the local potential given by sampling a range of gravitational potentials at locations of Milky-Way-like galaxies identified in cosmological simulations, we show that ignoring the gravitational redshift effect in a standard data analysis leads to an additional systematic error of ∼1% in the determination of density parameters and the dark energy equation of state. We conclude that our local gravitational field affects our cosmological inference at a level that is important in future observations aiming to achieve percent-level accuracy.
Impact of Uniaxial Mechanical Perturbation on Structural Properties and Smectite Porosity Features: Ion Exchanger Efficiency and Adsorption Performance Fate

The use of montmorillonite in the context of engineered barriers makes it possible to minimize the spread of heavy metals from industrial and even radioactive waste. An evaluation of the performance of the mechanisms controlling the clay-environment interaction and predicting the dynamics/configuration of the interlayer space (IS) is required. This work focuses on a quantitative identification of the structural changes and porosity alteration in the case of heavy metal-exchanged montmorillonite samples (Co2+ and Cd2+ cations) undergoing mechanical stresses (uniaxial oedometric test (loading/unloading)). Relationships between mechanical stress strength, intrinsic structural response, ion exchanger efficiency, and adsorption performance fate are investigated. This goal is achieved through the correlation of in situ quantitative X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis (under an extremely controlled atmosphere reached by varying relative humidity rate %rh) and porosity investigation (assured by combining outcomes from BET (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller) and BJH- (Barrett, Joyner, and Halenda-) PSD (pore size distribution) analysis). Obtained results show an upsurge in the structural heterogeneities accompanying the theoretical increase in the mixed layer structure (MLS) number and developing an unconventional hydration behaviour after stress relaxation regardless of exchangeable cation nature. Experimental XRD patterns are reproduced using MLS, which suggests the coexistence of more than one “crystallite” specie and more than one exchangeable cation indicating a complex cation exchange capacity (CEC) saturation. For extremely low %rh value, a new homogeneous dehydrated state trend is observed in the case of the Co2+ cation. Porosity analysis shows mesopore volume growth for the stressed sample and confirms crystallite exfoliation layer trends, results of the layer cohesion damage, and subsequent constraint strength fluctuations.
"Investigation of an Explicit, Residual-Based, a Posteriori Error Indicator for the Adaptive Finite Element Analysis of Waveguide Structures"

The performance of an explicit, residual-based, a posteriori error indicator for directing a single level p-refinement of the finite element method, electromagnetic analysis of mu ltiport waveguide structures is evaluated experimentally by c onsidering three different structures. The error indicator consists of a linear combination of element volume and element face residuals. It is found that the indicator is generally very effective in identifying elements that need to be refined. It is also fou nd that the relative weighting of the volume and face residual contributions to the error indicator plays an important rol e in its performance.
Automatic generation control of three area hybrid power system by sine cosine optimized dual mode fractional order controller

- Around the world, a radical change in power generation technology is taking place. As a result, traditional energy sources are being transformed with reliable renewable energy sources and Distributed Generation sources. Combining these different generations improves the system's efficiency, but frequency fluctuation will be more frequent than in the traditional system due to their volatile generation. In this article, an efficient and simple dual-mode fractional order controller (SDMFOPI) tuned using a sine cosine optimization algorithm is proposed and tested in three area hybrid power system (TAHPS) with superconducting magnetic energy storage to subdue the frequency fluctuation problem. The proposed SDMFOPI controller is more robust as it provides more space for tuning the parameters of the controller. To manifest its potency, it is furthermore compared with various controllers such as conventional Proportional integral controller, sine cosine algorithm tuned fractional proportional-integral controller, and SCO algorithm tuned dual-mode proportional-integral controller. Moreover, different case studies were carried out along with sensitivity analysis for the TAHPS. From the obtained result, it is evident that the proposed controller is more efficient and fit for the frequency regulation of the TAHPS.
Hybrid C–O–Ne white dwarfs as progenitors of Type Ia supernovae: dependence on Urca process and mixing assumptions

When carbon is ignited off-centre in a CO core of a super-AGB star, its burning in a convective shell tends to propagate to the centre. Whether the C flame will actually be able to reach the centre depends on the efficiency of extra mixing beneath the C convective shell. Whereas thermohaline mixing is too inefficient to interfere with the C-flame propagation, convective boundary mixing can prevent the C burning from reaching the centre. As a result, a C-O-Ne white dwarf (WD) is formed, after the star has lost its envelope. Such a "hybrid" WD has a small CO core surrounded by a thick ONe zone. In our 1D stellar evolution computations, the hybrid WD is allowed to accrete C-rich material, as if it were in a close binary system and accreted H-rich material from its companion with a sufficiently high rate at which the accreted H would be processed into He under stationary conditions, assuming that He could then be transformed into C. When the mass of the accreting WD approaches the Chandrasekhar limit, we find a series of convective Urca shell flashes associated with high abundances of 23Na and 25Mg. They are followed by off-centre C ignition leading to convection that occupies almost the entire star. To model the Urca processes, we use the most recent well-resolved data for their reaction and neutrino-energy loss rates. Because of the emphasized uncertainty of the convective Urca process in our hybrid WD models of SN Ia progenitors, we consider a number of their potentially possible alternative instances for different mixing assumptions, all of which reach a phase of explosive C ignition, either off or in the centre. Our hybrid SN Ia progenitor models have much lower C to O abundance ratios at the moment of the explosive C ignition than their pure CO counterparts, which may explain the observed diversity of the SNe Ia.
Attaques électromagnétiques ciblant les générateurs d'aléa

Aujourd'hui, nous utilisons de plus en plus d'appareils "connectes" (telephone portable, badge d'acces ou de transport, carte bancaire NFC, .), et cette tendance ne va pas s'inverser. Ces appareils requierent l'utilisation de primitives cryptographiques, embarquees dans des composants electroniques, dans le but de proteger les communications. Cependant, des techniques d'attaques permettent d'extraire de l'information du composant electronique ou fauter deliberement son fonctionnement. Un nouveau medium d'attaque, exploitant les ondes electromagnetiques est en pleine expansion. Ce medium, par rapport a des techniques de fautes a base de perturbations par faisceau LASER, propose l'avantage d’etre a relativement faible cout. Nous presentons dans cette these la resistance d'un type de bloc cryptographique, a savoir les generateurs de nombres reellement aleatoires, aux ondes electromagnetiques. Nous montrons qu'il est possible d'extraire de l'information sensible du champ electromagnetique produit par le composant electronique, et qu'il est egalement possible de perturber un generateur en le soumettant a un fort champ electromagnetique harmonique
Visualizing extremal positive maps in unital and trace-preserving form

We define an entanglement witness in a composite quantum system as an observable having nonnegative expectation value in every separable state. Then a state is entangled if and only if it has a negative expectation value of some entanglement witness. Equivalent representations of entanglement witnesses are as nonnegative biquadratic forms or as positive linear maps of Hermitian matrices. As reported elsewhere, we have studied extremal entanglement witnesses in dimension $3\times 3$ by constructing numerical examples of generic extremal nonnegative forms. These are so complicated that we do not know how to handle them other than by numerical methods. However, the corresponding extremal positive maps can be presented graphically, as we attempt to do in the present paper. We understand that a positive map is extremal when the image of $\mathcal{D}$, the set of density matrices, fills out $\mathcal{D}$ maximally, in a certain sense. For the graphical presentation of a map we transform it to a standard form where it is unital and trace preserving. We present an iterative algorithm for the transformation, which converges rapidly in all our numerical examples and presumably works for any positive map. This standard form of an entanglement witness is unique up to unitary product transformations.
Behavior of Extended Boussinesq Equations on Variations of Bottom Topography

In this study, investigations are made on how to consider the variation of bottom topography during the derivation of the extended Boussinesq equations of Wei et al. (1995). It is assumed that the bottom is varying vertically in order of the water depth at a distance of one wavelength, and thus the bottom should be varying mildly. Therefore, in the governing equations the squared bottom slope term is neglected and the bottom curvature, the bottom's third-order spatial derivative and higher terms are included partially. Using the linear extended Boussinesq equations of Wei et al. numerical experiments are conducted for two cases: waves reflecting from the Booij's (1983) plane slope and the Bragg reflection of waves on the Davies and Heathershaw's (1984) ripples. Numerical results show that the linear Boussinesq equations are accurate for waves on the mild slope and also on the ripples. However, the equations are not accurate any more for waves on the steep slope.