Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechanism Analysis and Experiment of the Effects of the Guard Ring on the Inductors Performance

The grounded guard ring (GGR) is widely used to suppress the electromagnetic coupling (EMC) among adjacent inductors and reduce crosstalk with other components. However, the GGR will affect the performance of the inductor itself. To intuitively and deeply analyze the mechanism of the effects of GGR on the performance of inductors, an equivalent circuit model of inductors was adopted. Then, the substrate doping (SD) and EMC effects are introduced to characterize the mechanism of the GGR effects. To verify the correctness and rationality of the mechanism analysis, the inductors with and without GGR are taped-out using a standard 180-nm CMOS process. Then, the experimental results of the effects of GGR on the performance of inductors are presented. Furthermore, the equivalent model parameters are extracted based on measured S-parameters of two kinds of inductors. Finally, the experimental results are consistent with the mechanism analysis of the GGR effects, which has important guiding significance for the design of the subsequent GGR to improve the inductor and circuit performance.
Positive numerical splitting method for the Hull and White 2D Black–Scholes equation

We consider the locally one‐dimensional backward Euler splitting method to solve numerically the Hull and White problem for pricing European options with stochastic volatility in the presence of a mixed derivative term. We prove the first‐order convergence of the time‐splitting. The parabolic equation degenerates on the boundary x = 0 and we apply a fitted finite volume scheme to the equation to resolve the degeneracy and derive the fully discrete problem as we also investigate the discrete maximum principle. Numerical experiments illustrate the efficiency of our difference scheme. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 31: 822–846, 2015
On the Unification of Families of Skew‐normal Distributions

Abstract. The distribution theory literature connected to the multivariate skew‐normal distribution has grown rapidly in recent years, and a number of extensions and alternative formulations have been put forward. Presently there are various coexisting proposals, similar but not identical, and with rather unclear connections. The aim of this paper is to unify these proposals under a new general formulation, clarifying at the same time their relationships. The final part sketches an extension of the argument to the skew‐elliptical family.
Persistent Positive Anomalies in the Southern Hemisphere Circulation

Abstract Long time series of reanalyses, from NCEP–NCAR and from ECMWF, are used to investigate the occurrence of persistent positive anomalies (PPAs) in the 500-hPa geopotential height field over the Southern Hemisphere extratropics during 1958–2001. Defining persistent anomalies as those of at least 100 m in magnitude lasting for at least 5 days, it is found that the region of most frequent occurrence is over the South Pacific. A cluster analysis of monthly PPA counts shows two distinct patterns, one a zonal wavenumber-1 (ZW1) pattern centered over the southeast Pacific near 60°S and the other a zonal wavenumber-3 (ZW3) pattern with centers near New Zealand and over the southern Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Results were insensitive to the choice of dataset, and to the removal of a linear trend from the daily height fields. The southeast Pacific PPA region is strongly modulated by ENSO, while the ZW3 pattern appears only weakly related to ENSO variability. A strong upward trend is apparent in occurrence o.
Multiplicity results for some nonlinear elliptic problems

Abstract In this paper, first, we study the existence of the positive solutions of the nonlinear elliptic equations in unbounded domains. The existence is affected by the properties of the geometry and the topology of the domain. We assert that if there exists a (PS)c-sequence with c belonging to a suitable interval depending by the equation, then a ground state solution and a positive higher energy solution exist, too. Next, we study the upper half strip with a hole. In this case, the ground state solution does not exist, however there exists at least a positive higher energy solution.
Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Low-Dose Computed Tomography Denoising

Deep neural networks have shown great improvements in low-dose computed tomography (CT) denoising. Early deep learning-based low-dose CT denoising algorithms were primarily based on supervised learning. However, supervised learning requires a large number of training samples, which is impractical in real-world scenarios. To address this problem, we propose a novel unsupervised domain adaptation approach for low-dose CT denoising. This proposed framework adapts the network pretrained with paired low- and normal-dose phantom images (source domain) to denoise unlabeled low-dose human CT images (target domain). Our framework modifies the action of the domain classifier, enabling the denoising network to be adapted to the target domain. Furthermore, we introduce a new backpropagation method, which we call domain-independent weighted backpropagation. By combining these techniques, we demonstrate that the denoising network can be properly trained without using clinical clean CT images. The experimental results showed that our method exhibited better performance in terms of both objective and perceptual image qualities when compared with current unsupervised denoising algorithms. Our proposed domain adaptation represents a first-use case in the context of CT denoising problems, with the possibility of extension to other image restoration tasks.
Highly Optimized Hardware Morphological Neural Network Through Stochastic Computing and Tropical Pruning

This work aimed to enhance a previous neural network hardware implementation based on an efficient combination of Stochastic Computing (SC) and Morphological Neural Networks (MNN). This enhancement focused on exploiting the natural ease of morphological neurons to be pruned in order to drastically shrink the hardware resources and increase the compactness of our network. That is why we extended our original hybrid two-layer neural network to classify the MNIST problem, a much more demanding benchmark with about 160,000 trainable parameters. The 92% of the weights of the morphological layer were discarded, allowing a drastic shrinkage of the hardware resources and power dissipation without degrading test accuracy. An extensive comparison with other recent neural networks designs shows that the proposed design achieves significant improvements in terms of energy efficiency, throughput and hardware resources.
On the eigenvalues of principal submatrices of normal, hermitian and symmetric matrices

Let λ1…λ n be distinct complex numbers and let λ i1…λ in−1 ,i= 1,…n, be complex numbers, not necessarily distinct. We show that the problem of determining when a normal n × n matrix A exists satisfying σ(A) ={λ1…λ n } and σ(Ai )={λ i1…λ in−1 },i=1,…,n where Ai is the (n−1) × (n−1) principal submatrix obtained from A by deleting its ith row and column, is equivalent to determining whether a certain n×n matrix constructed from the λ i ,λ ij is unistochastic. This result, coupled with the characterization of unistochastic 3 × 3 matrices in [2], allows a characterization of the possible eigenvalues of the three 2 × 2 principal submatrices of a normal, Hermitian or real symmetric 3 × 3 matrix. Further results obtained involve the possible eigenvalues of a single (n−1) × (n−1) principal submatrix of a normal n × n matrix and the possible eigenvalues of a pair of (n−1) × (n−1) principal submatrices of a normal, Hermitian or real symmetric n × n matrix. Some of these results are extended to the case where the λ i.
A nonlinear transient constitutive model with eddy current effects for giant magnetostrictive materials

In this article, the dynamic magnetostrictive effect of giant magnetostrictive materials is studied and a novel general nonlinear transient constitutive model is established, in which the eddy current effects are incorporated. The validity and reliability of the obtained nonlinear transient constitutive model are verified by comparing its predicted results with existing experimental data. The excellent agreements between predicted results and experimental data indicate that the nonlinear transient constitutive model with eddy current effects can accurately capture frequency-dependent hysteretic behavior exhibited by giant magnetostrictive materials under different applied magnetic field amplitudes and frequencies. Moreover, the obtained constitutive model can also effectively capture the nonlinear magnetic-elastic-thermal coupling effect of giant magnetostrictive materials, since the stress and temperature-dependencies are incorporated in the nonlinear transient constitutive model. In such a case, the inf.
Extraction Method of Target Region for HIFU Therapy Based on Ultrasonic Image Semantic Segmentation

: Accurate extraction of the therapeutic target region in the monitoring ultrasonic image is necessary for high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy. However, due to the interference of complex background and large amount of noise in the ultrasonic image, traditional image segmentation algorithms have limitations on the target region segmentation of ultrasonic image. In order to extract the target region in ultrasonic image, a semantic segmentation method combining improved DeepLabv3+ network and improved loss function is proposed. On the basis of DeepLabv3+ network, dense atrous spatial pyramid pooling (DenseASPP) enhanced by attention mechanism through series connection of DenseASPP structure and channel attention mechanism is added into the DeepLabv3+ encoder, and the feature map weighting module is added into the DeepLabv3+ decoder to improve the network ability of feature extraction and the segmentation accuracy of the target region edge. In terms of the loss function, the improved loss obtained by combining the Huber loss
Genome-wide identification of the VOZ transcription factors in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum): their functions during fruit ripening and their responses to salinity stress

ABSTRACT As a plant-specific transcription factor, vascular plant One-Zinc-finger (VOZ) is involved in the regulation of many biological processes. VOZ genes in tomato have not been analysed comprehensively so far. In this study, two SIVOZs were identified on a genome-wide scale in tomato and analysed using various bioinformatics methods. According to Ka/Ks ratio, SlVOZ proteins are being changed by evolutionary processes to adapt to changing growth and stress conditions. Protein structure and phylogenetic analyses also indicated that transcriptional regulations of SlVOZs were controlled in a specific manner related to developmental stages and abiotic stress conditions. Digital expression results, in particular, showed that SlVOZs are not only active during different growth status of tomato but are also involved in abiotic stress response mechanism. Nonetheless, SlVOZ1 is expressed higher in both developmental stages and under salt stress conditions, confirmed by RT-qPCR. The co-expression maps constructed using RNA-seq data showed that SlVOZ2 was associated with the genes involved in hormonal regulation, formation of fruit shape, secondary wall biosynthesis and in plant development. Overall, it can be concluded that SlVOZs are not only important for plant growth and development but may also be part of the salt stress response mechanism.
Current and future wind energy resources in the North Sea according to CMIP6

Abstract. We explore the changes in wind energy resources in northern Europe using output from historical to mid-21st century CMIP6 simulations and the high-emission SSP5-8.5 scenario. This study improves upon many assumptions made in the past. First, we interpolate the winds to hub height using model-level raw data; second, we use a large ensemble of CMIP6 models; third, we consider the possible wake effects on the annual energy production of a large wind farm cluster proposed for the North Sea. The common practice of extrapolating 10 m wind speeds to turbine height using the power law with a constant shear exponent is often a poor approximation of the actual turbine-height wind speed. This approximation can exaggerate the future changes in wind resources and ignore possible surface roughness and atmospheric stability changes. The evaluation of the wind climatologies in the CMIP6 models over the North Sea for the historical period shows good correspondence with measurements from tall masts and three reanalysis data points for 16 of the 18 models. Some of the models run at relatively high spatial resolution are as good as the reanalyses at representing the wind climate in this region. Our results show that annual mean wind speed and wind resources in northern Europe are not particularly affected by climate change in 2031–2050 relative to 1995–2014, according to a subset of 16 models in the CMIP6 collection. However, the seasonal distribution of these resources is significantly altered. Most models agree on reductions in the future wind in summer in a band that extends from the British Isles to the Baltic Sea and on increases in winter in the southern Baltic Sea. The energy production calculations show that summer energy production in a planned large wind farm cluster in the North Sea could be reduced by a median of 6.9 % during 2031–2050 when taking into account the wind farm wakes (that accounts for −0.7 %) and the changes in air density (that account for −0.9 %).
Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus infection during daratumumab treatment in patients with multiple myeloma

ABSTRACTS We explored the incidence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections in 131 patients with multiple myeloma (MM), 53 of whom received daratumumab (Dara) treatments. The Dara group had more RRMM patients than the group without Dara. CMV infection was significantly more common in patients treated with Dara (16.98%) than in patients treated with regimens without Dara (2.56%). During Dara treatments, 24.53% of patients developed CMV and/or EBV infections. Patients who developed infections had significantly lower levels of albumin and lymphocytes in their peripheral blood. The median time from the first Dara infusion to infection was 27 days. We observed NK cell depletion and T cell expansion during Dara-treatment. Patients with CMV and/or EBV infections had significantly lower numbers of NK cells, total T cells, and CD8 + T cells at 1 month, and lower numbers of CD8 + T cells at 2 months after the first Dara infusion than those without infections.
π∗(L 2 T(1)/(v 1)) and its applications in computing π∗(L 2 T(1)) at the prime two

Abstract In this paper, all spaces are localized at the prime two. Let T(1) be the Ravenel spectrum characterized by the BP ∗-homology as BP ∗[t 1], T(1)/(v 1) be the cofiber of the self map v 1 : Σ2 T(1) → T(1) and L 2 denote the Bousfield localization functor with respect to v 2 −1 BP ∗. In this paper, we compute the homotopy groups π∗(L 2 T(1)/(v 1)) by determining the E ∞-term of its Adams-Novikov spectral sequence (ANSS). From the E 2-term of the ANSS for π∗(L 2 T(1)/(v 1)), we determine a subgroup of the E 2-term for π∗(L 2 T(1)). We also show that the E 4-term for π∗(L 2 T(1)) has horizontal vanishing line.
FILTROS NO LINEALES PARA RECONSTRUIR SEÑALES DE ELECTROCARDIOGRAMAS

Las senales de los electrocardiogramas han sido usadas en patologias cardiacas para detectar enfermedades del corazon. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es proponer tecnicas de filtraje de senales para reducir el ruido, extraer informacion, reconstruir los estados, y propiedades morfologicas de los latidos del corazon. Adicionalmente se pretende representar la ac- tividad cardiaca en forma simple, informativa, precisa, y de facil inter- pretacion para los Cardiologos. Para lograr estos objetivos se proponen implementar los siguientes algoritmos: filtro de particulas generico (FPG), filtro de particulas con remuestreo (FPR), filtro de Kalman sin esencia (FKSE), y el filtro de particulas sin esencia (FPSE), considerando la es- tructura basica del modelo dinamico sintetico de McSharry et al. (2003) [16]. Los resultados demuestran que los filtros se desempenan muy bien en la reconstruccion de los estados del sistema del ritmo cardiaco, aun introduciendo pequenas variaciones en las varianzas de los ruidos de la ecuacion de observacion; es decir, los metodos tiene la capacidad de repro- ducir la senal original del modelo sintetico simulado y del modelo sintetico con datos reales en forma precisa. Finalmente se evalua el desempeno de los filtros en terminos de la desviacion estandar empirica, observandose poca variabilidad entre los errores estimados y una rapida ejecucion de los algoritmos.
There is no such thing as a collisionally modified Bohm criterion

The conventional equations describing plasma and sheath are examined over a full range of collisionality to determine the influence of collisionality on the ion equation of motion—that is, when the ion motion is essentially inertial and when it is collisional. When it is inertial in the sheath the Bohm criterion has been satisfied, while when the sheath is collisional the ions remain in equilibrium with the field all the way to the wall.
On almost sure optimization for stochastic control systems

We consider stochastic control systems and study the existence of controls that are almost surely optimal. We demonstrate that, in general, there exist no such optimal controls for finite horizon systems. Two infinite horizon problems are considered the LQG regulation and tracking, and a controlled diffusion with reflections from the boundaries of a bounded domain. In both problems the existence of almost sure optimal controls is proved and they are characterized
Maximal reductions in the Baker–Hausdorff formula

A preliminary expression for the Baker–Hausdorff formula is found up to ninth order, i.e., a series expansion of z in terms of multiple commutators, where ez=exey with x and y noncommuting, up to ninth degree in x,y. By means of complete sets of linear relations between multiple commutators maximal reduction of the number of different multiple commutators in the series are obtained.
Improved Round Robin CPU Scheduling Algorithm with Different Arrival Times Based on Dynamic Quantum

Modern operating systems are based on the principle of time-sharing in executing simultaneous operations. Determining the length of the time slice, and the times when processes arrive at the ready queue are problems that affect metrics as the average waiting time (AWT), average turnaround time (ATAT), response time (RT) and the number of context switches (NCS) of the time-sharing round robin RR algorithms. The research aims to propose an algorithm that achieves a short waiting time while maintaining a reasonable response time, which is the most important characteristic of time-sharing algorithms. The Different Arrival-Dynamic Quantum Round Robin (DADQRR) algorithm bases its work on different parameters to adjust the time slice value dynamically. The algorithm has been compared to three other algorithms that are similar in terms of dealing with different arrival times, namely AN, MARR, RR. The algorithm outperformed the three algorithms at range from 6.155% to 31.409% in term of AWT. It achieved an outperformance of 5.924% to 30.850%, considering the TAT. The ranges of outperformance values resulted from the difference in the ranges of arrival times, as well as in the ranges of burst times.
Self-Sustaining of Post-Disaster Pelagic Island Energy Systems With Mobile Multi-Energy Storages

Extreme natural hazards may damage the pelagic island energy system (PIES) integrating distribution systems, cold storages and desalination stations, resulting in the electric service interruption, stored food deterioration, and freshwater shortage. To alleviate the energy demand of residents as much as possible before the arrival of mainland emergency resources, a novel self-sustaining strategy of post-disaster PIESs with mobile multi-energy storages is proposed in this paper. First, mobile multi-energy storages are used to delivery electricity, ice, and water among stations to increase the resource supply resilience. Their differences in resource delivery time and transportation energy consumption are modelled. On this basis, mobile multi-energy storages are coordinated with diesel generators, cold storages, desalination devices, network reconfiguration, and islanded grid merging for self-sustaining of post-disaster PIESs. The utility loss evaluation model of the common electric load shedding, food deterioration, and freshwater shortage is established, in order to better reflect and respond to the needs of residents. Robust optimization methods are also used to address the uncertainties of the renewable generation, multi-type load demand, and especially energy transmission (i.e., traffic congestion time and line repair time), making the restoration strategy reliable. Finally, case studies verified the superiority of the proposed strategy.
Effect of Nano-TiO2 Composite on the Fertilization and Fruit-Setting of Litchi

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiO2) are widely used as fertilizers in agricultural production because they promote photosynthesis and strong adhesion. Low pollination and fertilization due to rainy weather during the litchi plant’s flowering phase result in poor fruit quality and output. nTiO2 would affect litchi during the flowering and fruiting stages. This study considers how nTiO2 affects litchi’s fruit quality and pollen viability during the flowering stage. The effects of nTiO2 treatment on pollen vigor, yield, and fruit quality were investigated. nTiO2 effectively improved the pollen germination rate and pollen tube length of litchi male flowers. The germination rate reached 22.31 ± 1.70%, and the pollen tube reached 237.66 μm in the 450 mg/L reagent-treated group. Spraying with 150 mg/L of nTiO2 increased the germination rate of pollen by 2.67% and 3.67% for two types of male flowers (M1 and M2) of anthesis, respectively. After nTiO2 spraying, the fruit set rates of ‘Guiwei’ and ‘Nomici’ were 46.68% and 30.33%, respectively, higher than those of the boric acid treatment group and the control group. The edibility rate, titration calculation, and vitamin C of nTiO2 treatment were significantly higher than those of the control. The nTiO2-treated litchi fruit was more vividly colored. Meanwhile, the adhesion of nTiO2 to leaves was effectively optimized by using ATP and BCS to form nTiO2 carriers and configuring nTiO2 complex reagents. These results set the foundation for future applications of titanium dioxide nanoparticles as fertilizers for agriculture and guide their application to flowers and fruits.