Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of recommendations for surveillance of advanced colorectal polyps: A systematic review of guidelines

Patients diagnosed with advanced colorectal lesions have a higher risk of developing colorectal cancer. International polyp surveillance guidelines have recently been updated. The aim of this systematic review was to assess surveillance recommendations for advanced colorectal polyps and compare the patient, polyp, and colonoscopy quality factors considered in their recommendations.
Pharmacological Strategies for Bipolar Disorders in Acute Phases and Chronic Management with a Special Focus on Lithium, Valproic Acid, and Atypical Antipsychotics

Bipolar disorders (BDs) are a heterogeneous group of severe affective disorders generally described by the alternation of (hypo)manic, depressive, and mixed phases, with euthymic intervals of variable duration. BDs are burdened with high psychiatric and physical comorbidity, increased suicide risk and reduced life expectancy. In addition, BDs can progress into complicated forms (e.g., mixed states, rapid/irregular cycling), which are more difficult to treat and often require personalized pharmacological combinations. Mood stabilizers, particularly Lithium and Valproic acid (VPA), still represent the cornerstones of both acute and chronic pharmacotherapies of BDs. Lithium is the gold standard in BD-I and BDII with typical features, while VPA seems more effective for atypical forms (e.g., mixed-prevalence and rapid-cycling). However, despite appropriate mood stabilization, many patients show residual symptoms, and more than a half recur within 1-2 years, highlighting the need of additional strategies. Among these, the association of atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) with mood stabilizers is recurrent in the treatment of acute phases, but it is also being growingly explored in the maintenance pharmacotherapy. These combinations are clinically more aggressive and often needed in the acute phases, whereas simplifying pharmacotherapies to mood stabilizers only is preferable in the long-term, whenever possible. When mood stabilizers are not enough for maintenance treatment, Quetiapine and, less consistently, Aripiprazole have been proposed as the most advisable adjunctive strategies, for their safety and tolerability profiles. However, in view of the increased risk of serious adverse effects, a careful patient-centered balance between costs and benefits is mandatory.
The Moderating Role of Self-Rated Oral Health on the Association Between Oral Health Status and Subjective Well-Being: Findings From Chinese Older Adults in Hawaiʻi and Taiwan

This paper aims to address the research questions of whether individual’s oral health status is associated with subjective well-being, as well as if there is possible moderating role of self-rated oral health among two groups of Chinese older adults (≥55 years old) in Honolulu, Hawaiʻi and Taichung, Taiwan. Using survey data collected in 2018 (N = 430, Honolulu) and in 2017 (N = 645, Taichung), ordinary least square regressions were applied. Results showed that, for both samples, oral health status was negatively and significantly associated with subjective well-being, and both associations were moderated by self-rated oral health. In addition, the moderating effects were more salient for the Honolulu sample, who enjoyed higher levels of self-rated oral health and life satisfaction. These results suggest the significant associations of both oral health status and self-rated oral health on individual health and well-being for Chinese older adults residing in different cultural contexts.
Effects of xenobiotics on CYP1 enzyme-mediated biotransformation and bioactivation of estradiol

Abstract Endogenous estradiol (E2) exerts diverse physiological and pharmacological activities, commonly used for hormone replacement therapy. However, prolonged and excessive exposure to E2 potentially increases estrogenic cancer risk. Reportedly, CYP1 enzyme-mediated biotransformation of E2 is largely concerned with its balance between detoxification and carcinogenic pathways. Among the three key CYP1 enzymes (CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1), CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 mainly catalyze the formation of nontoxic 2-hydroxyestradiol (2-OH-E2), while CYP1B1 specifically catalyzes the formation of genotoxic 4-hydroxyestradiol (4-OH-E2). 4-OH-E2 can be further metabolized to electrophilic quinone intermediates accompanied by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), triggering DNA damage. Since abnormal alterations in CYP1 activities can greatly affect the bioactivation process of E2, regulatory effects of xenobiotics on CYP1s are essential for E2-associated cancer development. To date, thousands of natural and synthetic compounds have been found to show potential inhibition and/or induction actions on the three CYP1 members. Generally, these chemicals share similar planar polycyclic skeletons, the structural motifs and substituent groups of which are important for their inhibitory/inductive efficiency and selectivity toward CYP1 enzymes. This review comprehensively summarizes these known inhibitors and/or inductors of E2-metabolizing CYP1s based on chemical categories and discusses their structure-activity relationships, which would contribute to better understanding of the correlation between xenobiotic-regulated CYP1 activities and estrogenic cancer susceptibility.
Pharmacological Treatment of Disinhibition in Acquired Brain Injury

Abstract Purpose/Background Traumatic brain injury is a major universal public health concern and results in chronic neurobehavioral sequelae including disinhibition. Objectives of this study were to review the literature on pharmacological treatment of disinhibition post–acquired brain injury (ABI), describe a snapshot of pharmacotherapy used in ABI at a tertiary neuropsychiatric unit in British Columbia, Canada, and share expert opinion. Methods/Procedures A retrospective chart review of 11 patients from October to December 2021 was conducted based on exclusion criteria: age greater than 18 years, primary neurodegenerative conditions, or aphasia. Patient demographics, behavioral and cognitive test results, and disinhibition treatment were recorded. A brief review of the literature was conducted to find the best available evidence of pharmacological interventions to treat disinhibition post-ABI. Findings/Results In ABI, there was a high utilization of antipsychotics and benzodiazepines, at 91% and 64% respectively, in patients with severe cognitive deficit and disinhibition. Mood stabilizers and nonselective β-blockers were less prescribed in this population at 73% and 18%. At the point of data collection, all the patients had responded well to treatment and were in the maintenance phase of their pharmacological treatment. Implications/Conclusions A limited number of studies with weak methodology suggest that mood stabilizers and β-blockers should be first line for disinhibition treatment. Our findings are complementary to the literature describing treatment of severe disinhibition. The choice of treatment for disinhibition depends on factors including nature and severity of target symptoms, level of drug evidence, patient-tailored objectives, concurrent psychiatric diagnoses, clinical experience of clinicians, adverse drug reactions, and treatment acuity.
The NFkB activation domain is 14-amino-acid-long variant of the 9aaTAD.

The nine-amino-acid TransActivation Domains (9aaTAD) was identified in numerous transcription factors including Gal4, p53, E2A, MLL, c-Myc, N-Myc, and also in SP, KLF and SOX families. Most of the 9aaTAD domains interact with the KIX domain of transcription mediators MED15 and CBP to activate transcription. The NFkB activation domain occupied the same position on the KIX domain as the 9aaTADs of MLL, E2A and p53. Binding of the KIX domain is established by the two-point interaction involving 9aaTAD positions p3-4 and p6-7. The NFkB primary binding region (position p3-4) is almost identical to MLL and E2A, but secondary NFkB binding region differs by the position and engages the distal NFkB region p10-11. Thus, the NFkB activation domain is 5 amino acids longer than the other 9aaTADs. The NFkB activation domain includes an additional region, which we called the Omichinski Insert extending activation domain length to 14 amino acids. By deletion, we demonstrated that Omichinski Insert is an entirely non-essential part of NFkB activation domain. In summary, we recognized the NFkB activation domain as prolonged 9aaTAD conserved in evolution from humans to amphibians.
A Study of the Star-forming Dwarf Galaxy NGC 855 with Spitzer

We present a study of the dwarf elliptical galaxy NGC 855 using the narrow-band Hα and Spitzer data. Both the Hα and Spitzer IRAC images confirm star-forming activity in the center of NGC 855. We obtained a star formation rate (SFR) of 0.022 and 0.025M⊙ yr−1, respectively, from the Spitzer IRAC 8.0 μm and MIPS 24 μm emission data. The HI observation suggests that the star-forming activity might be triggered by a minor merger. We also find that there is a distinct IR emission region in 5.8 and 8.0 μm bands, located at about 10'' away from the nucleus of NGC 855. Given the strong 8.0 μm but faint Hα emission, we expect that it is a heavily obscured star-forming region, which needs to be confirmed by further optical spectroscopic observations.
Improved global protein homolog detection with major gains in function identification

Significance Homolog detection, finding similar proteins to an unknown protein, is usually the first step in understanding the role and function of that protein. However, if the identity of protein sequences between query and target proteins is low (< 30%), traditional tools struggle to distinguish a correct match from a random one, failing to identify important similarities. We have used protein representations from deep learning language models to solve this problem. Reducing the size of these representations significantly improved homolog detection capabilities. Our tool can find putative homologs for more than 93% of human proteins that were not able to assign a function as of March 2022.
Characterization of cell line with dedifferentiated GIST‐like features established from cecal GIST of familial GIST model mice

Approximately 40 families with multiple gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) and germline c‐kit gene mutations have been reported. Three knock‐in mouse models have been generated, and all the models showed a cecal GIST. In the present study, we established a cell line derived from cecal GIST in a familial GIST model mouse with KIT‐Asp818Tyr. Since the established cells showed spindle‐shaped morphology with atypical nuclei, and since immunohistochemistry revealed that they were positive for α‐SMA but negative for KIT, CD34 and desmin, the phenotypes of the cells were reminiscent of dedifferentiated GIST‐like ones but not the usual GIST‐like ones. Gene expression analysis showed that the cell line, designated as DeGISTL1 cell, did not express c‐kit gene apparently, but highly expressed HSP90 families and glutaminase 1. Pathway analysis of the cells revealed that metabolic pathway might promote their survival and growth. Pimitespib, a heat shock protein 90α/β inhibitor, and Telaglenastat, a selective glutaminase 1 inhibitor, inhibited proliferation of DeGISTL1 cells and the combination of these showed an additive effect. DeGISTL1 cells might be a good model of dedifferentiated GISTs, and combination of Pimitespib and Telaglenastat could be a possible candidate for treatment strategy for them.
A robust hybrid algorithm for computing multiple equilibrium solutions

A hybrid method is described that seeks to combine the efficiency of a quasi‐Newton method capable of locating stable and unstable equilibrium configurations with a robust homotopy method that is capable of tracking equilibrium paths with turning points while exploiting symmetry and sparsity of the Jacobian matrices. Numerical results are presented for a shallow arch problem.
Magnetic resonance‐guided laser interstitial thermal therapy for drug‐resistant epilepsy: A systematic review and individual participant data meta‐analysis

Magnetic resonance‐guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRgLITT) has emerged as a popular minimally invasive alternative to open resective surgery for drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE). We sought to perform a systematic review and individual participant data meta‐analysis to identify independent predictors of seizure outcome and complications following MRgLITT for DRE. Eleven databases were searched from January 1, 2010 to February 6, 2021 using the terms “MR‐guided ablation therapy” and “epilepsy”. Multivariable mixed‐effects Cox and logistic regression identified predictors of time to seizure recurrence, seizure freedom, operative complications, and postoperative neurological deficits. From 8705 citations, 46 studies reporting on 450 MRgLITT DRE patients (mean age = 29.5 ± 18.1 years, 49.6% female) were included. Median postoperative seizure freedom and follow‐up duration were 15.5 and 19.0 months, respectively. Overall, 240 (57.8%) of 415 patients (excluding palliative corpus callosotomy) were seizure‐free at last follow‐up. Generalized seizure semiology (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.78, p = .020) and nonlesional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings (HR = 1.50, p = .032) independently predicted shorter time to seizure recurrence. Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM; odds ratio [OR] = 7.97, p < .001) and mesial temporal sclerosis/atrophy (MTS/A; OR = 2.21, p = .011) were independently associated with greater odds of seizure freedom at last follow‐up. Operative complications occurred in 28 (8.5%) of 330 patients and were independently associated with extratemporal ablations (OR = 5.40, p = .012) and nonlesional MRI studies (OR = 3.25, p = .017). Postoperative neurological deficits were observed in 53 (15.1%) of 352 patients and were independently predicted by hypothalamic hamartoma etiology (OR = 5.93, p = .006) and invasive electroencephalographic monitoring (OR = 4.83, p = .003). Overall, MRgLITT is particularly effective in treating patients with well‐circumscribed lesional DRE, such as CCM and MTS/A, but less effective in nonlesional cases or lesional cases with a more diffuse epileptogenic network associated with generalized seizures. This study identifies independent predictors of seizure freedom and complications following MRgLITT that may help further guide patient selection.
Size-distribution evolution of ion-beam-synthesized nanoclusters in silica

A model to describe the growth of nanoclusters in silica via ion-beam synthesis is introduced. Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations indicate that nucleation, growth, coarsening, and fragmentation occur throughout implantation, leading to a steady-state size-distribution shape that agrees with experimental observations. A set of coupled rate equations are derived and solved within a self-consistent mean-field approximation. An intermediate asymptotic scaling analysis helps to identify the important experimentally accessible parameters that control ion-beam-synthesized nanocluster size distributions. The model predicts that the shape of the as-implanted size distribution depends only on a characteristic length governed by the effective diffusivity, effective ion solubility, and the volumetric flux while the average cluster size is determined by the solute/matrix interface energy.
Research on dual-output port on-board charging system based on CLLC resonant converter

This paper proposes a dual-output port on-board charging system based on a CLLC resonant converter, which can realize the function of simultaneously charging high-voltage power batteries and low-voltage batteries. The system topology is composed of a front-stage PFC and a latter-stage CLLC resonant converter. The system uses a three-port transformer to couple the resonant converter, the high-voltage charging circuit, and the low-voltage charging circuit. The system also realizes soft switching through resonant components. According to the design requirements of the charging system, the control strategy of the dual-output ports is determined by analyzing the working mode and gain characteristics of the system and the dual closed-loop control structure is designed to realize the functions of power factor correction and wide-range voltage regulation. Simulation and experimental results verify the correctness of theoretical analysis and structural design.
Coordinating a three-level contract farming supply chain with option contracts considering risk-averse farmer and retailer

We considered a three-level contract farming supply chain comprising a risk-averse farmer, a risk-neutral supplier, and a risk-averse retailer. The farmer plants and grows fresh agricultural products with yield uncertainty, the supplier is the leader of the supply chain and the designer of the contracts, and the retailer sells processed products with random demand. Under CVaR criterion, this paper discusses three option contracts between the supplier and the retailer, as well as wholesale price contracts or replenishment cost-sharing contracts between the supplier and the farmer. Results show that when the farmer is risk-neutral, option contracts with or without replenishment cost-sharing contracts can maximize the total profit and increase the profits of all members simultaneously. When the farmer and the retailer are risk-averse, only option contracts with replenishment cost-sharing contracts can ensure supply chain full coordination and Pareto improvement by adjusting the option parameters and making the farmer’s sharing ratio equal to his risk aversion coefficient. Moreover, through numerical analysis, we discovered that the interval of the Pareto improvement decreases with the retailer’s risk aversion coefficient and the quantity loss rate, and increases with the farmer’s risk aversion coefficient. The supplier will not be able to increase his own profits when the loss rate is excessively large. Therefore, the leader should consider the risk aversion degree of all parties and the quantity loss rate of fresh agricultural products before choosing contracts.
Intercultural insights on the impact of different non-idealized models on men’s body image and advertising perceptions

This experiment with 363 Irish and Flemish men aged 19 to 30 years (M = 23.56, SD = 2.36) investigated exposure to different male model ads (i.e. muscular, slim, plus-size, overall diversity, and no models) on well-being (i.e. body image, low body fat and muscularity attitudes, self-objectification, and self-esteem) and advertising outcomes (i.e. ad attitudes, brand attitudes, and purchase intent). Moderation effects of country and masculinity (i.e. dominance, winning) were investigated. The diversity condition generated more positive effects for low body fat attitudes than the muscular, slim, and no model conditions. Yet, no differences appeared for this outcome between the diversity and plus-size condition. No effects for the other well-being and advertising variables were found. Moderation analyses revealed higher purchase intent in the slim condition for men high in dominance. No effects were found for country and winning. Findings suggest that non-idealized models have protective effects for some men.
Personalized care of patients with heart failure: are we ready for a REWOLUTION? Insights from two international surveys on healthcare professionals' needs and patients' perceptions

Guidelines for the management of heart failure (HF) are evolving, and increasing emphasis is placed on patient‐centred care. As part of the REWOLUTION HF (REal WOrLd EdUcaTION in HF) programme, we conducted two international surveys aimed at assessing healthcare professionals' (HCPs) educational needs and patients' perspectives on the care of HF.
Inverse computation of cohesive fracture properties from displacement fields

The cohesive zone model (CZM) is a key technique for finite element (FE) simulation of fracture of quasi-brittle materials; yet its constitutive relationship is usually determined empirically from global measurements. A more convincing way to obtain the cohesive relation is to experimentally determine the relation between crack separation and crack surface traction. Recent developments in experimental mechanics such as photoelasticity and digital image correlation (DIC) enable accurate measurement of whole-field surface displacement. The cohesive stress at the crack surface cannot be measured directly, but may be determined indirectly through the displacement field near the crack surface. An inverse problem thereby is formulated in order to extract the cohesive relation by fully utilizing the measured displacement field. As the focus in this article is to develop a framework to solve the inverse problem effectively, synthetic displacement field data obtained from finite element analysis (FEA) are used. First, by assuming the cohesive relation with a few governing parameters, a direct problem is solved to obtain the complete synthetic displacement field at certain loading levels. The computed displacement field is then assumed known, while the cohesive relation is solved in the inverse problem through the unconstrained, derivative-free Nelder–Mead (N–M) optimization method. Linear and cubic splines with an arbitrary number of control points are used to represent the shape of the CZM. The unconstrained nature of N–M method and the physical validity of the CZM shape are guaranteed by introducing barrier terms. Comprehensive numerical tests are carried out to investigate the sensitivity of the inverse procedure to experimental errors. The results show that even at a high level of experimental error, the computed CZM is still well estimated, which demonstrates the practical usefulness of the proposed method. The technique introduced in this work can be generalized to compute other internal or boundary stresses from the whole displacement field using the FE method.
An eclipsing post-common-envelope binary in the field of the Kepler mission

We present a new eclipsing post-common-envelope binary, identified inside the Kepler field prior to the launch of the spacecraft. Multifilter photometry and radial velocity data are analysed with an eclipsing-binary modelling code to determine the physical parameters of the binary. Spectra of the system within the primary eclipse and uneclipsed allow us to identify the spectral characteristics of the primary and secondary components. The primary component of the binary is a DA white dwarf, with M? 0.61 M? , log g? 7.95 and Teff? 20 500 K. The detection of two flares and the emission signatures displayed in the spectra show that the secondary component of the system is chromospherically active and is classified as an active M4 main- sequence star. Its mass, radius and temperature are estimated as M similar or equal to 0.39M(circle dot), R similar or equal to 0.37 R-circle dot and T-eff similar or equal to 3200 K. The ephemeris of the system is HJD = 245 3590.436 126( 10) + 0.350 468 722(6) x E. This binary is a newpost-common-envelope binary (PCEB), with physical parameters within the range found in other systems of this small group of evolved binaries.
Spectral Weight Function and Electron Momentum Distribution in the Normal Electron-Phonon System

A detailed calculation for the interacting electron-phonon system is carried out by using the double time Green's function method. The self-energy part and then the spectral weight function of the electron Green's function are given in detail to the second order of electron­ phonon interaction. The effects of the interaction on the chemical potential of the electron and the Fermi momentum of the electron distribution are investigated. The average electron momentum distribution at zero temperature is evaluated in an approximation which may be considered as a simplification of the Migdal approximation. The amount of the discontinuity at the Fermi momentum is obtained and the numerical results show that there is a distinct modification of the electron distribution near the Fermi momentum due to the presence of the electron-phonon interaction.