Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Abnormal Function of High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Is Associated with Poor Disease Control and an Altered HDL Protein Cargo in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Purpose— To characterize HDL’s anti-inflammatory function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to identify specific differences in HDL-associated proteins and enzymes, which distinguish pro-inflammatory HDL (piHDL) from normal, anti-inflammatory HDL (aiHDL). Methods— 132 RA patients were studied. HDL’s anti-inflammatory function was assessed by a cell free assay and piHDL was defined by an HDL inflammatory index (HII) ≥ 1. Plasma and HDL-associated protein levels of apolipoprotein A-1 (apoA-1), haptoglobin (Hp), hemopexin (Hx), hemoglobin (Hb), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured by direct and sandwich ELISA respectively. Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity was measured by a commercially available assay. Results— Age, disease activity, presence of erosive disease, non-caucasian race, and smoking were significantly associated with piHDL in multivariate analysis. Patients with piHDL had higher measures of systemic inflammation and a significant correlation was observed between RA disease activity (DAS 28) and the HII (r = 0.54, p < 0.0001). PiHDL
Anatomy and Affinities of Large Archosauromorphs from the Lower Fremouw Formation (Early Triassic) of Antarctica

ABSTRACT The vertebrate assemblage of the lower Fremouw Formation has been studied for nearly 50 years, but many components remain poorly known. We describe a partial presacral vertebra and the distal end of a left humerus collected just above the Permian—Triassic boundary in the Shackleton Glacier region of the central Transantarctic Mountains. Our identification of these specimens as archosauromorphs that represent at least one taxon of large-bodied archosauriform increases the known reptile diversity of the Fremouw Formation considerably, and provides the first definitive evidence for the presence of Archosauriformes in the Early Triassic of Antarctica. These records increase faunal similarities between the lower Fremouw Formation and other Early Triassic assemblages. Although the lower Fremouw assemblage is typically considered a subset of the coeval Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone (LAZ) of South Africa, the discrepancy in inferred body size between the Antarctic specimens and Proterosuchus fergusi, coupled with the fact that the LAZ of the Karoo Basin has been sampled much more thoroughly, suggests a real disparity in the maximum body size of apex carnivores between the lower Fremouw assemblage and the LAZ. The lower Fremouw specimens also demonstrate that one or more lineages of archosauriform had attained the large body size characteristic of later members of the clade very soon after the end-Permian mass extinction. This offers a point of contrast with the global pattern of post-extinction terrestrial communities, which are typified by a marked reduction in body size (the ‘Lilliput effect’).
Pharmacologic and clinical aspects of isolated hepatic perfusion (IHP) of liver metastases of solid tumours

Isolated hepatic perfusion (IHP) involves complete vascular isolation of the liver to allow local treatment of the liver. During this procedure the blood circulation of the liver is temporarily isolated from the systemic circulation. Although IHP made a promising start in the early 90s, currently it is faced by many challenges. In view of recent developments in systemic treatment, the absence of significant improvement of the technique and the lack of new applicable agents, IHP should not be considered a standard treatment option for colorectal cancer patients with isolated liver metastases. Possibly, a role still exists for IHP in the treatment of liver metastases from non-colorectal cancer origin. Whether under these circumstances, IHP can still attract the interest of both clinical and surgical oncologists necessary for further improvements, remains the question.
Heterogeneity of Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Receptors for Leukotriene B4 Identification of a Subset of High Affinity Receptors That Transduce the Chemotactic Response

Mast cells, polymorphonuclear (PMN) 1 leukocytes, monocytes, and macro-phages convert arachidonic acid to 5(S), 12(R)-dihydroxy-eicosa-6,14 cis-8,10 trans-tetraenoic acid or leukotriene B4 (LTB4) by 5-1ipoxygenation and subsequent enzymatic hydration of the 5,6-epoxy-eicosatetraenoic acid derived from 5-hydroperoxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (1-5). When platelets are present with the leukocytes, platelet 12-1ipoxygenation of 5-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) contributes significantly to the generation of LTB4 (4, 6). LTB4 stimulates PMN leukocyte chemotactic and chemokinetic migration (7-11), release of lysosomal enzymes in the presence of cytochalasin B (7, 12-14), adherence (15), aggregation (9, 16), expression of CSb receptors (17), and biochemical pathways that are specific prerequisities for the activation of PMN leukocytes (18, 19). Since the optimal expression of several activities of PMN leukocytes was elicited by different concentrations of LTB4 (7, 13, 15-17), it was postulated that either the extent of saturation of a single class of receptors initiated different functions or that a distinct subset of receptors with a different affinity for LTB4 was selectively coupled to each function. Receptors for LTB4 have been defined recently by quantifying the binding of [3H]LTB4 to human neutrophils (20, 21). Scatchard analysis of the binding data revealed 2.6-4.0 × 104 receptors per neutrophil with one apparent dissociation constant (Kd) of 1.1-1.4 × 10-8 M. Other chemotactically active products of the 5-1ipoxygenation of arachidonic acid inhibited by 50% the binding of [3H]LTB4 to the neutrophils at concentrations that evoked half-maximal chemotactic responses , whereas the chemotactically inactive leukotriene C4 (LTC4) did not compete with [3H]LTB4 for binding to the receptor. The chemotactic peptide N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) and chemotactic fragments of C5 (C5fr) also failed to inhibit the binding of [SH]LTB4 to neutrophils, which(S)-di-hydroxy-eicosa-6,8,10 trans-14 cis-tetraenoic acid.
DIRECT VISUALIZATION OF T LYMPHOCYTES BEARING Ia ANTIGENS CONTROLLED BY THE I -J SUBREGION* BY CHRISTOPHER R. PARISH AND IAN F. C. McKENZIE

The immune responses to a number of antigens are known to be under the control of immune response (Ir) genes which are linked to the H-2 complex (13). These Ir genes are located in a chromosomal segment between the K and S regions of the H-2 complex and this segment of chromosome 17 is designated the I region. Crossovers within the I region have permitted its division into three subregions, designated I-A, I-B, and I-C. By cross-immunizing between selected mouse strains, several laboratories have raised antibodies against/-region-associated (Ia) antigens (2-5). Whether these Ia antigens actually represent the Ir-gene product is still a matter of controversy. However, it was possible to detect Ia antigens controlled by loci (Ia1 and Ia-3) which map in the I-A and I-C subregions (2-5). Recently, on the basis of Ia antigen studies, it has been possible to subdivide the I region into two additional subregions, namely/ -J (6, 7) and I-E (8), which are marked by the Ia-4 and Ia-5 loci. The I-J subregion has stimulated great interest as it appears that the Ia antigens coded for by this subregion are expressed on suppressor T cells (6) and concanavalin A-reactive T cells (9), whereas the Ia antigens controlled by the other subregions appear predominantly on B lymphocytes (2-5). Furthermore, it has been shown that the I-J subregion also codes for determinants on soluble factors which suppress antibody responses (7). In previously published studies the Ia antigens controlled by the / -J subregion were detected by indirect methods (6, 7). Direct visualization of lymphocytes which bear/-J-controlled determinants was difficult as only a small proportion of lymphocytes carry these antigens (6). In this report we describe a sensitive rosetting procedure which enabled us to directly estimate the proportion of T lymphocytes expressing/-J-defined antigens.
A Change Detection Methodology for the Amazon Forest Using Multitemporal NOAA/AVHRR Data and GIS—Preliminary Results

This paper describes initial results of a methodology developed to locate new deforestation in the Amazon Tropical forest. It combines automatic classification of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (NOAA/AVHRR) satellite images and a Geographic Information System (GIS) data base. Full resolution and geometrically corrected AVHRR channel 3 (3.7 μm) images of different dates of the Amazon region are automatically compared in digital form. Places where changes in the original cover of the vegetation are detected between any two different images have their locations determined through a GIS. Initial tests in the north of the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, are presented indicating the possibility of using AVHRR imagery operationally to detect new deforestation. Results comparing deforestation in the AVHRR channel 3 with corresponding high resolution LANDSAT-Thematic Mapper (TM) images indicated 56.5% of AVHRR correct location for 221 polygons of deforestation with different sizes. 90% of correct locations was obtained for the 50 TM polygons with deforestation greater than 3.1 km 2 .
Differences in Offending Patterns between Adolescent Sex Offenders High or Low in Callous and Unemotional Traits

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New Aspects of DNA-based Authentication of Chinese Medicinal Plants by Molecular Biological Techniques

DNA technology provides a powerful tool to complement chemical analyses for authentication of Chinesemedicinal plants and to ensure that herbal materials are not contaminatedwith ineffective or potentially harmful substitutes or adulterants. In the last two decades molecular biotechnology has provided sophisticated molecular techniques for authentication of botanical materials at the DNA level. This review provides an account of the most commonly used DNA-based technologies (RAPD, RFLP, ARMS, CAPS, AFLP, DAF, ISSR, SSR, sequencing, hybridization and microarrays) including suitable examples of Chinese medical plants. A critical evaluation of all methods is presented concerning sensitivity, reliability, reproducibility, and running costs. Recent achievements in the field of DNA barcoding and DNA chip technology that offer great potentials for screening of DNA and emerging new developments for future identification of species are briefly outlined. New Aspects of DNA-based Authentication of Chinese Medicinal Plants by Molecular Biological Techniques
MATLAB tools for lidar data conversion, visualization, and processing

LIDAR (LIght Detection and Ranging) [1] is an optical remote sensing technology that has gained increasing acceptance for topographic mapping. LIDAR technology has higher accuracy than RADAR and has wide applications. The relevant commercial market for LIDAR has developed greatly in the last few years. LAS format is approved to be the standard data format for interchanging LIDAR data among different software developers, manufacturers and end users. LAS data format reduces the data size compared to ASCII data format. However, LAS data file can only be visualized by some expensive commercial software. There are some free tools available, but they are not user-friendly and have less or poor visualization functionality. This makes it difficult for researchers to investigate and use LIDAR data. Therefore, there is a need to develop an efficient and low cost LIDAR data toolbox. For this purpose we have developed a free and efficient Matlab tool for LIDAR data conversion, visualization and processing.
Interventional Bronchus Occlusion Using Amplatzer Devices – A Promising Treatment Option for Children with Persistent Air Leak Interventionelle Bronchusokklusion mit Amplatzer Okkludern: Eine vielversprechende Therapieoption für Kinder mit persistierender Luftleckage

observed no associated complications. All chest tubes were removed within 5–25 days post IBO. In patients with PAL related to NP (n = 4), occluders were removed bronchoscopically without re-occurrence of pneumothorax after a mean of 70 days (IQR: 46.5–94). Conclusion: IBO using ADs is a safe and valuable treatment option in children with PAL independent of disease severity and underlying cause. A major advantage of this procedure is its less invasiveness compared to surgery and the parenchyma- preserving approach.
Earthquake Swarm Activity in Changbaishan Tianchi Volcano

In summers of 2002 and 2003, temporary seismic stations had recorded a large number of small earthquakes and a series of swarms near Changbaishan Tianchi volcano. Earthquake location result shows that these earthquakes mainly occurred near the Tianchi caldera. Almost all swarms were concentrated at southwest of the caldera, and no swarms occurred in northeast area where earthquakes densely concentrated. In other seasons, the permanent station CBS is the only seismic station to monitor volcanic earthquakes in Tianchi volcano. Waveform correlation analysis of seismic data recorded at CBS in different time shows that earthquake swarms occurred in other seasons also concentrated in the southwest Tianchi Lake. High-precision relative location shows that hypocenters of earthquake swarm distributed along northwest with a dip angle of 80° to southwest. During the July 13, 2003 earthquake swarm the hypocenters migrated from deep to shallow and deeper events had upward first motion directions almost at all stations. That means they had obvious expansion component in source mechanism. Taking into account of significant surface deformation in Changbaishan Tianchi volcano since 2002, geochemical anomalies and harmonic-spectral earthquakes, we believe that the earthquake swarm activity was caused by magmatic and hydrothermal activity and pressure increase of magma near the depth of 5km.
Tectonic accretion and the origin of the two major metamorphic and plutonic welts in the Canadian Cordillera

The Omineca Crystalline Belt and Coast Plutonic Complex are the two major regional tectonic welts in the Canadian Cordillera in which were concentrated intense deformation, regional metamorphism, granitic magmatism, uplift, and erosion. The welts, which formerly were thought to result from subduction of Pacific Ocean lithosphere beneath the western edge of North America, can now be viewed partly as the result of tectonic overlap and/or compressional thickening of crustal rocks during collisions between North America and two large, composite, allochthonous terranes that were accreted to its ancient western margin. The inner composite terrane, Terrane I, includes four smaller terranes that apparently were together by the end of Triassic time. The outer composite terrane, Terrane II, comprises two terranes, amalgamated by Late Jurassic time. The Omineca Crystalline Belt formed mainly from mid-Jurassic time onward, during and following the collision of Terrane I with North America. This belt straddles the zone of overlap of autochthonous and allochthonous terranes, and its characteristic metamorphism and structure are superimposed on both. The Coast Plutonic Complex formed mainly in Cretaceous to early Tertiary time during and following the attachment of Terrane II to the new, Jurassic, continental margin. It lies along the boundary of Terrane I and Terrane II and involves elements of both terranes. The collisions took place within the overall setting of the North American plate moving relatively westward into various Pacific plates from Jurassic time onward and in conjunction with subduction of Pacific Ocean lithosphere.
Toward anthropogenic combustion emission constraints from space‐based analysis of urban CO2/CO sensitivity

We explore the value of multispectral CO retrievals from NASA/Terra Measurement of Pollution In The Troposphere (MOPITT v5), along with Atmospheric CO2 Observations from Space (ACOSv2.9) CO2 retrievals from the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT), for characterizing emissions from anthropogenic combustion. We use these satellite retrievals to analyze observed CO2/CO enhancement ratios (ΔCO2/ΔCO) over megacities. Since CO is coemitted with CO2 in anthropogenic combustion, the observed ΔCO2/ΔCO characterizes the general trend in combustion activity. Our analyses show patterns in ΔCO2/ΔCO that correspond well with the developed/developing status of megacities, and ΔCO2/ΔCO that agree well with available literature and emission inventories to approximately 20%. Comparisons with ΔCO2/ΔCO derived from Total Carbon Column Observing Network measurements show similar agreement, where some of the differences in observed ΔCO2/ΔCO are due to representativeness and limited GOSAT data. Our results imply potential constraints in anthropogenic combustion from GOSAT/MOPITT, particularly in augmenting our carbon monitoring systems.
Consequences of open-system melting in tectonics

Partial melting and melt drainage from deep suprasolidus crust in orogens has important consequences for tectonics. Melt extraction along prograde segments of clockwise P–T paths reduces fertility and increases the density and strength of residual crust, which has implications for further melt production during decompression. Using calculated P–T phase diagrams, implications of stepwise melt loss along clockwise P–T paths for pelite and greywacke are assessed, and density of the progressively more residual source and the potential role of buoyancy in the exhumation of deep crustal rocks are evaluated. Two model P–T paths are considered: isobaric heating at 1.2 GPa followed by decompression to 0.4 GPa at 750, 820 and 890 °C, and prograde heating from the fluid-present solidus at 1.2 GPa to 860 °C at 1.8 GPa followed by isothermal decompression to 0.4 GPa. Both closed-system (undrained) and conditionally open-system (drained by intermittent melt loss) conditions are assessed. If melt is drained along clockwise P–T paths in suprasolidus crust then lower quantities of melt will be generated during decompression than sometimes inferred in tectonic models. Instead, the role of melt transfer through suprasolidus crust and melt accumulation at shallow levels in the anatectic zone should be considered rather than simply invoking the generation of large volumes of melt in decompressing crust.
A catalog of perturbing influences on stratospheric ozone, 1955–1975

There exist worldwide data on the total burden of atmospheric ozone since about 1955, and for comparison of these data with calculations using two-dimensional radiative/chemical/dynamics computer codes, a list is needed and is here presented of all major time-varying perturbations that have been suggested over the time frame 1955–1975. Detailed consideration is given to the following: variations in solar UV radiation with sunspot cycle, atmospheric nuclear explosions, halocarbons, major volcanic eruptions, galactic cosmic rays, and solar proton events. For material injected directly into the stratosphere, the time-, altitude-, and latitude-dependent source strengths are listed, while for ground-based sources the time- and latitude-dependent atmospheric emission rates are given. Some other factors that may affect the long-term behavior of stratospheric ozone but that cannot yet be modeled quantitatively are also listed.
Suppression of scattering for small dielectric particles: an anapole mode and invisibility

We reveal that an isotropic homogeneous subwavelength particle with a high refractive index can produce ultra-weak total scattering due to vanishing contribution of the electric dipole moment. This effect can be explained with the help of the Fano resonance and scattering efficiency associated with the excitation of an anapole mode. The latter is a nonradiative mode emerging from destructive interference of electric and toroidal dipole moments, and it can be employed for a design of highly transparent optical materials.
Electric field in windblown sand flux with thermal diffusion

[1] A theoretical model considering thermal diffusion (TD) from a sand bed is suggested in this paper to account for the effect of both TD and the electric field produced by charged sand grains during the evolution of windblown sand flux, where the coupled interaction among wind speeds in the vertical and the horizontal directions, sand movement (saltation, suspension, and creep), and the electric field are taken into consideration. The numerical results show that during the evolution of windblown sand flux the electric field varies along with time and height. Then the profiles of the electric field produced by charged sand grains in windblown sand flux are quantitatively analyzed in detail and are compared with those without considering TD at different moments and different heights. Also, the results indicate that different conditions would produce different electric fields in magnitude: electric fields considering TD are more intense than those without considering thermal diffusion (NTD) at the same time and height. In the meantime, when the windblown sand flux reaches steady state, the mass flux profile and the transport rate of sand grains will increase, while horizontal wind speed will decease because of the effect of TD and the electric field.
Compositional, Structural, and Kinetic Aspects of Lipid Digestion and Bioavailability: In Vitro, In Vivo, and Modeling Approaches.

Lipid digestion and bioavailability are usually investigated separately, using different approaches (in vitro, modeling, in vivo). However, a few inclusive studies show that their kinetics are closely linked. Lipid bioavailability kinetics is likely involved in the development and evolution of several diseases, so lipid digestion kinetics could be involved as well and can be modulated by food design or combination. To illustrate this possibility, the compositional and structural aspects of lipid digestion kinetics, as investigated using in vitro and modeling approaches, are presented first. Then, in vivo and mixed approaches enabling the study of both kinetics are reviewed and discussed. Finally, disparate modeling approaches are introduced, and a unifying modeling scheme is proposed, opening new perspectives for understanding the role and interactions of various factors (chemical, physical, and biological) involved in lipid metabolism. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Food Science and Technology, Volume 13 is March 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews. org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Measuring Vulnerability to Natural Hazards: towards disaster resilient societies

A seemingly non-stop series of disasters has shown that societies worldwide seem unprepared for the threats posed by natural hazards. The tragic impacts of these events drew short-term attention from policy makers, the media and the general public, but their response was too late to prevent serious harm. Societies need to measure their vulnerabilities in advance, and make adequate provisions. This publication presents a broad range of current approaches to measuring vulnerability and contains concrete experiences and examples from Africa, Asia, the Americas and Europe to illustrate the theoretical analyses. --Publisher's description.