Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DECISION ENVIRONMENTS TO ENCOURAGE MORE SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE OUTCOMES

Physical infrastructure (i.e. roads, pipelines, airports, dams, landfills, and water treatment systems) contributes directly to sustainability outcomes such as energy and water use and climate changing emissions. The infrastructure built today will likely impact future generations for many years. Planning, design and development decisions about infrastructure are critical to the future performance of these systems. Such decisions about infrastructure are complex with multiple variables, alternative options, and design stages. To manage decisions that exceed cognitive capacity to consider all options, decision makers often create mental shortcuts (heuristics), and accompanied errors (biases). The potential cognitive biases when dealing with complex decisions about infrastructure are examined and an approach to reframe the decision process during infrastructure planning is explored. A more critical analysis is then provided for decision aids, like energy codes and rating metrics (e.g. LEED and Envision), which are intended to reduce complexity and improve decision making using set goals and scaled points for achieving predefined objectives in sustainability. However, unintentionally, these tools may create additional biases that limit the higher achievements in sustainability that are possible. For instance, framing a decision as a loss, rather than a gain, in value can reduce the decision makers' acceptance of risk and, in turn, influence the outcome. The Envision rating system for sustainable infrastructure is presented to measure the influence of framing effects on engineering decision environments. Envision's current framework, starts users with zero points and points are achieved when design considerations move beyond conventional construction standards. In a modified version of Envision, a higher benchmark is set. Users are endowed points and can lose points for not maintaining high consideration for sustainability. Students (n=41) and professional engineers (n=65) were randomly assigned the replica Envision software or the modified version endowing points. Participants were asked to make design considerations for a redevelopment project using Envision. The results indicate, the endowed version significantly improved students' and professional engineers' consideration for sustainability design achievement. The student participants that were endowed points (n=16) scored 63 percent of possible points compared to the standard group's (n=25) 44 percent (p=0.002). The professional engineers that were endowed points (n=32) achieved 66 percent of possible points compared to the standard group's (n=33) 51 percent (p=0.002). Both students and professional engineers that were endowed points acted loss averse trying to maintain the initial points in sustainability given. These findings suggest engineers' process design decisions by comparing alternative options. And options framed as a loss or gain in value affects the decision outcome. This research underscores the advances possible at the intersection of behavioral…
Paleogene V-shaped basins and Neogene subsidence of the Northern Lesser Antilles Forearc

39 Oblique collision of buoyant provinces against subduction zones frequently results in 40 individualizing and rotating regional-scale blocks. In contrast, the collision of the Bahamas 41 Bank against the Northeastern Caribbean Plate increased the margin convexity triggering 42 forearc fragmentation into small-scale blocks. This deformation results in a prominent >45043 km-long sequence of V-shaped basins that widens trenchward separated by elevated spurs, 44 in the Northern Lesser Antilles (NLA, i.e. Guadeloupe to Virgin Island). In absence of deep 45 structure imaging, various competing models were proposed to account for this faults-bounded 46 Basins-and-Spurs System. High-resolution bathymetric and deep multichannel seismic data 47 acquired during cruises ANTITHESIS1-3, reveal a drastically different tectonic evolution of the 48 NLA forearc. 49 During Eocene-Oligocene time, the NLA margin accommodated the Bahamas Bank 50 collision and the consecutive margin convex bending by trench-parallel extension along N4051 90°-trending normal faults, opening V-shaped valleys in the forearc. Backarc spreading in the 52 Kalinago Basin and block rotations went along with this tectonic phase, which ends up with 53 tectonic uplifts and an earliest-middle Miocene regional emersion phase. Post middle 54 Miocene, regional subsidence and tectonic extension in the forearc is partly accommodated 55 along the newly-imaged N300°-trending, 200-km-long Tintamarre Normal Faults Zone. This 56 drastic subsidence phase reveals vigorous margin basal erosion, which likely generated the 57 synchronous westward migration of the volcanic arc. Thus, unlike widely-accepted previous 58 theoretical models, the first deep seismic images in the NLA forearc show that the NE-SW 59 faulting and the prominent V-Shaped valleys result from a past and sealed tectonic phase 60 related to the margin bending and consecutive blocks rotation. 61 62 ESSOAr | https://doi.org/10.1002/essoar.10504339. 1 | Non-exclusive | First posted online: Sat, 19 Sep 2020 09:19:39 | This content has not been peer reviewed.
Car following model of the distracted driver

Driving a car is common but complex everyday task. Nowadays the mobile phone, infotainment and navigation systems are used while driving. These distract the driver from their driving task. What is the implication on driving safety? How is the car following behaviour influenced by distraction? Can this be described by a car following model? The multiple resource model tells us that there is limited resources to perform a task. Consequently when a driver performs a secondary task it is expected that its performance decrease. The car following model should be able to capture this behaviour. In this study data from a simulator experiment performed by IFSTTAR is used. Participants drove with and without a visual secondary (VST) task. The obtained driving behaviour is then modelled using the Helly and IDM model. With a traffic flow model, the influence of distracted driving on traffic flow is studied. Analysis of the simulator data showed that against expectations the subjects with VST drive closer to the lead vehicle with less speed difference. Their car following performance increased. This behavior can be explained by assuming an underload situation, where performance is suboptimal, when driving without VST. The Helly model can be used to describe the different conditions by using different parameters. The subjects are more vigilant when performing a secondary task. This better car following performance leads to an increased road capacity for the visual ST condition.
Numerical Eddy-Resolving Modeling of the Ocean: Mesoscale and Sub-Mesoscale Examples

 emil.stanev@hzg.de Purpose. The study addresses rotational motion of geophysical fluids in the horizontal and vertical planes. It is aimed mainly at tracing the development of high-resolution numerical modeling of the ocean, as well as at demonstrating new physical processes due to more correct consideration both of the tides in the eddy-resolving numerical models and sub-mesoscale dynamics in the models of the sea straits. Methods and Results. The ocean eddies and their interaction with tides are studied using numerical simulations by four NEMO models for the European North-West shelf with the resolutions ranging from 7 to 1.5 km. The vertical characteristics of motion in the Bosporus Strait were studied using numerical simulations with SCHISM , the unstructured grid model with the ultra-fine model resolution (less than 100 m). The barotropic tidal forcing resulted in substantial flattening of the slopes of the spectral curves. The most important difference between the spectral features of four models occurs in the motion rotational component. In the model with the 1.5 km resolution, the magnitude of the vorticity power spectral density at the scales ~ 70 km is by an order of magnitude higher than in the other three models. Although most of the tidal flattening is associated with the internal tides, beyond a certain horizontal resolution, the eddy dynamics become affected by the barotropic tides. The shelf of the Biscay Bay and the shallows around the Faroe Islands are the most sensitive areas to adding of the barotropic tides to the model forcing. Due to the grid ultra-fine resolution, new elements of physical motion emerged in the Bosporus region. The lateral circulation is dominated by the systems of multiple circulation cells with the scales ~ 1 km. In some areas, the lateral flow magnitude exceeds 0.5 m/s, which is comparable with the magnitude of the axial flow. This reveals importance of the helical elements of the strait circulation for overturning of water masses in the Bosporus. Conclusions. Without proper resolution, the models of tidal oceanic dynamics simulate the ocean general circulation, but do not describe correctly the energy cascades at the eddy scales including interaction between the tides and the mesoscale eddies. Absence of this sub-mesoscale dynamics in the models can largely affect their capability to simulate the two-layer
Causes of Failure in Web Applications (CMU-PDL-05-109)

This report investigates the causes and prevalence of failure in Web applications. Data was collected by surveying case studies of system failures and by examining incidents of website outages listed on technology websites such as CNET.com and eweek.com. These studies suggest that software failures and human error account for about 80% of failures. The report also contains an appendix that serves as a quick reference for common failures observed in Web applications. This appendix lists over 40 incidents of real-world site outages, outlining how these failures were detected, the estimated downtime, and the subsequent recovery action. Acknowledgements: We thank the members and companies of the PDL Consortium (including EMC, Hewlett-Packard, Hitachi, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, Network Appliance, Oracle, Panasas, Seagate, Sun, and Veritas) for their interest, insights, feedback, and support.
Parents’ experiences of having an adult daughter with an eating disorder

Background: Having a family member who su ers from a severe eating disorder can have a signi cant impact on family life. Earlier research shows that parents feel anxious and worried and that they carry a heavier burden of care and strain. Compared to the parents of individuals with other severe mental disorders, this group carries a heavier burden of care. They express a greater need for information and assistance from the health services. There is evidence of a correlation between the duration of the disease and the parents’ experiences. Parents’ experiences of having an adult daughter with an eating disorder
VII California: Development and Deployment Proof of Concept and Group-Enabled Mobility and Safety (GEMS)

The national Vehicle–Infrastructure Integration (VII) initiative was intended to lead to deployment of cooperating vehicle and infrastructure devices that would make it possible to collect a great breadth and depth of transportation operations data. California and regional stakeholders have specific transportation infrastructure, operating policies and needs besides those addressed with a national VII program. In partnership with Caltrans and the San Francisco Bay Area Metropolitan Transportation Commission, PATH is addressing these needs with a multiyear effort to develop, demonstrate and deploy VII in a key corridor in Northern California. A key objective of this particular study was to demonstrate that the existing VII communication infrastructure could be utilized for broadcasting corrections to vehicles’ GPS receivers. The report provides a description of VII hardware, general network and installation, and then progresses to a more detailed description of the network and operating software. Finally, it describes
Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) with Amazon EC2/Eucalyptus

Cloud computing, for instance provided by Eucalyptus, becomes more and more popular because it facilitates the construction of scalable applications. However, the horizontal scaling is not solely exhausted by web application in a cloud. Additional techniques for horizontal scaling are required. This paper describes Eucalyptus and Amazon EC2, and investigates the performance of the online-adaptation framework SLAstic utilizing Eucalyptus for automatic scaling of an example web application. The paper presents a performance evaluation of SLAstic utilizing Eucalyptus incorporating a fixed number of nodes scenario and a varying number of nodes scenario. It shows that web applications running in Eucalyptus can automatically scale up and down with the usage of SLAstic. The results are demonstrated on the basis of JPetstore with a simulated typical day-night-cycle load for web applications.
Members of the family Lamiaceae Lindl. as sources of medicinal plant raw materials to obtain neurotropic drugs

The aim of this work is to review and analyze the data published in the modern scientific literature obtained in pharmacological, pharmacognostic and pharmacotechnological studies of various types of raw materials obtained from members of the family Lamiaceae L. , which were sources of biologically active substances, pharmaceutical substances, total extracts and the drugs – with a neurotropic activity.Materials and methods. For the review, we used the information of scientific literature from open and accessible sources of the last twenty years, located in the scientific and technical libraries of institutions, as well as in electronic databases: Elibrary, PubMed, Scopus, Cyberleninka, GoogleAcademy, J-Stage. The search inquiries were: the species of the family Lamiaceae (Russian and Latin), the samples of medicinal plant materials based on them as well as the names of the drugs and biologically active substances obtained from these raw materials.Results. When working with the sources of scientific information, the main attention was paid to pharmacologic tests performed during the studies on laboratory animals and proving the presence of neurotropic activity in the studied objects – essential oils and extracts from plant raw materials: aqueous, aqueous alcoholic, and methanol ones. It has been established that the potential of the therapeutic and preventive application of pharmaceutical substances and drugs based on the medicinal plant materials obtained from 30 genera members of the Lamiaceae family, remains unrealized despite the close attention of various researchers.Conclusion. This review comprised 71 species from 30 genera. Despite the significant level of the previous study presented in the analysis of this publication, an enormous potential of this family’s species remains unexplored. In the future, they can be of both – pharmacognostic and practical interest, in particular, in creation of new medicinal preparations of the neurotropic action based on them.
Neural prostheses for restoration of sensory and motor function

Sensory and Motor Prostheses Auditory Prostheses, B.E. Pfingst Advances in Upper Extremity Functional Restoration Employing Neuroprostheses, P.H. Peckham, K.L. Kilgore, and M.W. Keith BION(TM) Implants for Therapeutic and Functional Electrical Stimulation, G.E. Loeb and J.R. Richmond Intraspinal Chord Microstimulation: Techniques, Perspectives, and Prospects for FES, S.F. Giszter, W. Grill, M. Lemay, V. Mushahwar, and A. Prochazka How to Use Nerve Cuffs to Stimulate, Record, or Modulate Neural Activity, J.-A. Hoffer and K. Klaus Brain Control of Neural Prostheses Engineering the Brain-Machine Interface for Neural Prosthetic Devices, K.A. Moxon, J. Morizio, J.K. Chapin, M.A.L. Nicolelis, and P.D. Wolf. Dynamic Interplay of Neural Signals During the Emergence of Cursor-Related Cortex in a Human Implanted with the Neurotrophic Electrode, P.R. Kennedy and B. King Brain Control of Sensorimotor Prosthesis, J.K. Chapin and M.A.L. Nicolelis Drug Deliveries into the Microenvironment of Electrophysiologically Monitored Neurons in the brain of Behaving Rats and Monkeys, N. Ludvig
Weitwinkel-Tomosynthese, synthetische 2D-Mammografie und digitale Mammografie

Durch Kombination von digitaler BrustTomosynthese (DBT) und digitaler Mammografie (DM) wird die Krebs-Detektionsrate signifikant erhöht. Doch mit der synthetischen 2D-Mammografie (SM) wäre die Strahlenbelastung geringer. In einer österreichischen Studie wurden alle 3 Methoden untersucht. Dabei zeigte sich, dass Sensitivität und Genauigkeit der Kombination ausWeitwinkel-DBT (WW-DBT) und SM bzw. DM im Vergleich zur DMallein höher sind.
Desenvolvimento de Aplicação IoT utilizando a Plataforma Integrada Softway4IoT e Fiware

A Internet das Coisas (IoT) abrange uma diversidade de dispositivos, incluindo sensores e atuadores com funcionalidades, capacidades e características bastante distintas. A heterogeneidade dos dispositivos IoT requer mecanismos adequados de gestão, coleta e disponibilização de dados. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar duas plataformas que se complementam no gerenciamento de dispositos IoT. Para tal, este trabalho apresenta uma aplicação que utiliza API's genéricas e reusáveis da plataforma Fiware com o poder de gerenciamento de múltiplos sensores da plataforma Softway4IoT para abstrair os diferentes protocolos de comunicação no desenvolvimento de uma aplicação de teste.
Incident Management Needs Along Work Zones

Every day, highway incidents impede mobility on urban, suburban, and rural highways. As a result, it costs substantially more for the traveling public to use these roads under incident conditions. Millions of dollars are lost every year by commuters and other travelers caught in traffic jams associated with highway incidents. To date, little emphasis has been placed on planning for incident management under work or maintenance zone activities. For most construction/maintenance zone activities, incident management planning can be instrumental in maintaining acceptable traffic operations along currently congested highways. In these cases, planning steps can be conducted to assure a program of incident management is addressed for the project's needs. These steps may involve the review of highway conditions under the work activity, the identification of anticipated traffic operations, and the selection of feasible and cost-effective solutions aimed at reducing the traffic impacts to the public. The end result will be more favorable traffic operations under highway construction/maintenance activities.
Checklists and Monitoring in the Cockpit: Why Crucial Defenses Sometimes Fail

Checklists and monitoring are two essential defenses against equipment failures and pilot errors. Problems with checklist use and pilots failures to monitor adequately have a long history in aviation accidents. This study was conducted to explore why checklists and monitoring sometimes fail to catch errors and equipment malfunctions as intended. Flight crew procedures were observed from the cockpit jumpseat during normal airline operations in order to: 1) collect data on monitoring and checklist use in cockpit operations in typical flight conditions; 2) provide a plausible cognitive account of why deviations from formal checklist and monitoring procedures sometimes occur; 3) lay a foundation for identifying ways to reduce vulnerability to inadvertent checklist and monitoring errors; 4) compare checklist and monitoring execution in normal flights with performance issues uncovered in accident investigations; and 5) suggest ways to improve the effectiveness of checklists and monitoring. Cognitive explanations for deviations from prescribed procedures are provided, along with suggestions for countermeasures for vulnerability to error.
EU Biofuel Policies in Practice – A Carbon Map for the Brazilian Cerrado

It is still difficult for biofuel producers to prove the contribution of their biofuels to reducing carbon emissions because the production of biofuel feedstocks can cause land use change (LUC), which in turn causes carbon emissions. A carbon map can serve as a basis to prove such contribution. I show how to calculate a carbon map according to the sustainability requirements for biofuel production adopted by the European Commission (EU-RED) for the Brazilian Cerrado. Based on the carbon map and the carbon balance of the production process I derive maps showing the possible emission savings that would be generated by biofuels based on soy and sugarcane if an area were to be converted to produce feedstock for this biofuel options. I evaluate these maps according to the criterion contained in the EU-RED of 35% minimum emission savings for each biofuel option compared to its fossil alternative. In addition, to avoid indirect LUC effects of the EU-RED that might offset any contribution of biofuels to reducing carbon emissions. I argue that all agricultural production should be subject to a carbon assessment. In this effort, the calculated carbon maps can be the basis for a climate friendly land use planning that is binding for all agricultural production in the Cerrado
Transportation Safety Board of Canada Investigation Information Management System

The Transportation Safety Board of Canada (TSB) has the sole authority under Canadian law to conduct safety investigations into occurrences in the rail, marine, air and pipeline industries, to collect and analyze the facts and to convey the resulting information via investigation reports and recommendations. Since the primary products of the TSB are knowledge and information, excellence in how information is gathered, employed, stored and distributed is fundamental to achieving TSB's mandate. This article describes a project to develop an integrated information management/ information technology platform to support TSB and its investigation teams. Known as the TSB Investigation Information Management System (TIMMS), the goal is to implement an integrated set of documents, content, records, cases, workflow, forms, and project management practices and tools. The system will also feature a reference center to consolidate policies, guidelines, manuals, checklists and other reference tools into a single area for easier access. The project has already faced and surmounted several obstacles during its development, including both technical and organizational issues. The objective is to have the first version of the system in operation by March 2006.
LTE and the Evolution to 4G Wireless: Design and Measurement Challenges

A practical guide to LTE design, test and measurement, this new edition has been updated to include the latest developmentsThis book presents the latest details on LTE from a practical and technical perspective. Written by Agilents measurement experts, it offers a valuable insight into LTE technology and its design and test challenges. Chapters cover the upper layer signaling and system architecture evolution (SAE). Basic concepts such as MIMO and SC-FDMA, the new uplink modulation scheme, are introduced and explained, and the authors look into the challenges of verifying the designs of the receivers, transmitters and protocols of LTE systems. The latest information on RF and signaling conformance testing is delivered by authors participating in the LTE 3GPP standards committees.This second edition has been considerably revised to reflect the most recent developments of the technologies and standards. Particularly important updates include an increased focus on LTE-Advanced as well as the latest testing specifications.Fully updated to include the latest information on LTE 3GPP standardsChapters on conformance testing have been majorly revised and there is an increased focus on LTE-AdvancedIncludes new sections on testing challenges as well as over the air MIMO testing, protocol testing and the most up-to-date test capabilities of instrumentsWritten from both a technical and practical point of view by leading experts in the field