Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ferroelectric-like hysteresis loop in nonferroelectric systems

A ferroelectric-like hysteresis loop is obtained for a nonferroelectric system consisting of two back-to-back metal-semiconductor Schottky contacts with a large concentration of traps distributed over a finite thickness near the electrodes. The presented results show that a simple hysteresis loop measured at a single frequency is not always solid evidence of ferroelectricity in low-dimensional structures such as thin films or nanoscale structures.
Development of air purifier operation guidelines using grey box models for the concentrations of particulate matter in elementary school classrooms

Abstract Considering the hazardous effects of particulate matter (PM) exposure on students and teachers and the high PM concentration issue in South Korea, air purifiers have recently been installed in most classrooms to improve air quality. However, some on-site challenges, such as operational costs and noise, have been issues with the continuous operation of air purifiers. Therefore, a guideline is needed to dynamically predict the indoor PM concentration based on the changes in outdoor PM concentration and activate the air purifiers only when necessary. This study develops a grey-box model that uses measured data and physical differential equations to perform the given objective and verifies its accuracy using ASTM D5157. Modeling and analysis results have obtained information that can form the basis for developing guidelines to address PM issues in schools: The air purifier should be operated during periods where the predicted values exceed the limit in closed windows and the air purifier is not operating. It was also confirmed that the need for the operation of the air purifier varies between schools and classrooms under the same outdoor PM concentration. Indoor PM concentration increased significantly after students’ simultaneous mass movement, necessitating air purifiers’ operation before and after the events. The pre-filter of the heater also aided in the removal of coarse PM. Additionally, the limitations and future development directions of the model were discussed. Copyright © 2023 American Association for Aerosol Research GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Permanent Spreading of 1RS.1AL and 1RS.1BL Translocations in Modern Wheat Breeding

Wheat-rye translocations 1RS.1BL and 1RS.1AL are used in bread wheat breeding worldwide because a short arm of rye chromosome 1 (1RS) when introgressed into the wheat genome confers resistance to diseases, pests and better performance under drought-stress conditions. However, in durum wheat genotypes, these translocations occur only in experimental lines, although their advantages could enhance the potential of this crop. P.P. Lukyanenko National Grain Centre (NGC) has successfully developed commercially competitive cultivars of bread and durum wheat demanded by many agricultural producers in the South of Russia for decades. Here, 94 accessions of bread and 343 accessions of durum wheat, representing lines and cultivars from collection, competitive variety trials and breeding nursery developed at NGC were screened for 1RS using PCR markers and genomic in situ hybridization. The 1RS.1BL and 1RS.1AL translocations were detected in 38 and 6 bread wheat accessions, respectively. None of the durum wheat accessions showed translocation, despite the fact that some of them had 1RS.1BL donors in their pedigree. The absence of translocations in the studied durum wheat germplasm can be caused by the negative selection of 1RS carriers at different stages of the breeding process due to low quality and difficulties in transferring rye chromatin through wheat gametes.
Influence of Hospital Environmental Variables on Thermometric Measurements and Level of Concordance: A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study

During a pandemic, and given the need to quickly screen febrile and non-febrile humans, it is necessary to know the concordance between different thermometers (TMs) and understand how environmental factors influence the measurements made by these instruments. Objective: The objective of this study is to identify the potential influence of environmental factors on the measurements made by four different TMs and the concordance between these instruments in a hospital setting. Method: The study employed a cross-sectional observational methodology. The participants were patients who had been hospitalised in the traumatology unit. The variables were body temperature, room temperature, room relative humidity, light, and noise. The instruments used were a Non Contract Infrared TM, Axillary Electronic TM, Gallium TM, and Tympanic TM. A lux meter, a sound level meter, and a thermohygrometer measured the ambient variables. Results: The study sample included 288 participants. Weak significant relationships were found between noise and body temperature measured with Tympanic Infrared TM, r = −0.146 (p < 0.01) and likewise between environmental temperature and this same TM, r = 0.133 (p < 0.05). The concordance between the measurements made by the four different TMs showed an Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) of 0.479. Conclusions: The concordance between the four TMs was considered “fair”.
Properties of multiple Hermite and multiple Laguerre polynomials by the generating function

A generating function is obtained for multiple Hermite and multiple Laguerre polynomials from the Rodrigues formula, and then interesting recurrence relations are given. We also find a relation between multiple orthogonal polynomials and ordinary orthogonal polynomials such as multiple Hermite polynomials with classical Hermite polynomials and multiple Laguerre polynomials with classical Laguerre polynomials. Lastly, we find a differential equation for the multiple orthogonal polynomials by the generating function, which is a reconstruction of the works by Aptekarev et al. [Aptekarev, A.I., Branquinho, A. , Van Assche, W. , 2003, Multiple orthogonal polynomials for classical weights. Transaction of American Mathematical Society, 355, 3887–3914. ].
Criteria Used to Determine Unrestricted Return to Activity After ACL Reconstruction in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients: A Systematic Review

Background: The rates of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft failure or contralateral ACL rupture range from 17% to 30% in pediatric patients after ACL reconstruction (ACLR). A contributing factor to the high reinjury rate in this population may be the limited evidence regarding appropriate criteria for allowing unrestricted return to activity (RTA) postoperatively. Purpose: To review the literature and identify the most commonly used criteria when determining unrestricted RTA after ACLR in pediatric patients. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A search was performed of the Medline/PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus databases using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The authors identified studies that included pediatric patients (<19 years of age) and specified the criteria used to determine RTA after ACLR. Results: A total of 27 articles met all criteria for review, of which 13 studies only used 1 criterion when determining RTA. Objective criteria were the most common type of criteria for RTA (17 studies). Strength tests (15 studies) and hop tests (10 studies) were the most commonly used tasks when deriving RTA criteria. Only 2 studies used validated questionnaires to assess the patient’s physiological readiness for RTA, and only 2 studies used an objective assessment of movement quality before RTA. Conclusion: Only 14 of the 27 reviewed studies reported using >1 criterion when determining RTA. Furthermore, few studies used patient-reported outcome measures or lower limb kinematics as RTA criteria, indicating that more research is needed to validate these metrics in the pediatric population.
Properties of strange quark matter objects with two types of surface treatments

We study strange quark matter (SQM) objects ranging from strangelets to strange stars based on our recently proposed unified description. The important interface effects are investigated by adopting a constant surface tension as well as the multiple reflection expansion (MRE) method. It is shown that the properties of SQM objects are strongly affected by the different surface treatments. In the former case, strangelets are more compact, an electric dipole is predicted on the surface of the quark part, and a local minimum of the energy per baryon appears for unusually small values of the surface tension. In the latter case, on the other hand, an electric potential well is formed, and the energy per baryon decreases monotonically with the SQM object's size. It is found that the MRE scenario coincides with the constant-surface-tension one if realistic values are considered. However, the effects of quark depletion on the quark-vacuum interface cannot be solely described by a constant surface tension. Thus we conclude that the MRE scenario is more reasonable.
Global Lorentzian Geometry

Introduction - Riemannian themes in Lorentzian geometry connections and curvature Lorentzian manifolds and causality Lorentzian distance examples of space-times completness and extendibility stability of completeness and incompleteness maximal geodesics and causally disconnected space-times the Lorentzian cut locus Morse index theory on Lorentzian manifolds some results in global Lorentzian geometry singularities gravitational plane wave space-times the splitting problem in global Lorentzian geometry. Appendices: Jacobi Fields and Toponogov's theorem for Lorentzian manifolds from the Jacobi, to a Riccati, to the Raychaudhuri equation - Jacobi Tensor Fields and the exponential map revisited.
Dynamic evolution of the transition zone plasma in solar flares and active region transients

The dynamic evolution of flares and of transient brightenings in active regions observed during the Solar Maximum Mission (SMM) in the UV lines of Si IV and O IV were studied. Transient brightenings in active regions and in flares occur in small points or kernels, not necessarily the initially bright regions. There is no apparent velocity pattern in which flaring or transient brightenings preferentially occur. At the flaring point, the velocity of the transition zone plasma tends to show larger downflow in the rise phase, and after the peak UV emission the downflow decreases or may even reverse and become upflow. This anticorrelation between velocity and UV intensity holds for some of the transient bright points but is more apparent for the flaring points. 22 references.
Old ‘truths’, new corpora: revisiting the word order of conjunct clauses in Old English 1

In Bech (2001a, 2001b), I took issue with the oft-repeated claim that Old English conjunct main clauses are commonly verb-final, and disproved it. However, the myth persists. In the meantime, the York–Toronto–Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Old English Prose (YCOE, Taylor et al. 2003) has been created, so the time has come to revisit this topic and consider it in light of new, extensive and generally accessible data. Using the YCOE corpus, I confirm and expand on Bech's (2001a, 2001b) empirical findings, showing that (i) OE conjunct clauses are neither typically verb-final nor verb-late, but they are more frequently verb-final and verb-late than non-conjunct clauses are; and (ii) verb-final and verb-late clauses are typically conjunct clauses. These two perspectives must be kept apart: in the first, the starting point is the entire body of conjunct clauses, and in the second it is the entire body of verb-final/verb-late clauses. I propose that the failure to distinguish between the two perspectives, i.e. whether it is conjunct clauses or word order that constitutes the point of departure, is the origin of the misconception concerning conjunct clauses and word order. In order to establish whether this distinction has been fuzzy all along, or whether it must be ascribed to distorted referencing in the course of a century of research, I trace the research on this topic back to the end of the nineteenth century. I show that the alleged verb-finality of conjunct clauses may be ascribed to a whisper-down-the-lane effect – the retelling of the story has changed the story.
Effects of free play or artificial rules on young soccer players’ individual tactical behaviour: a one-by-one analysis

This study assessed the effects of playing freely and introducing artificial rules on individual tactical behaviour during the team-possession game phase in two youth soccer categories. Thirty-two developmental players from U-14 and U-16 teams participated in the study, which consisted of four identical training sessions and two test sessions performed before and after the intervention. Each team was divided into two balanced groups, free-play and conditioned, that faced each other during three eight-a-side games (Gk + 7 vs 7 + Gk) in all training sessions. The free-play groups played freely, while the conditioned ones did so constrained by artificial rules. Individual tactical behaviour was assessed during a non-constrained eight-a-side match by the distance to centroid, spatial exploration index, their entropy measures, and the regularity of each player’s displacement on the length and width of the pitch using a local positioning system. In addition to the average outcomes of all the players all together, the one-by-one analysis considered the mean values of each player to appraise individual responses. While the average outcomes of all the players in both groups and categories barely changed (Cohen’s d ≤ small), with a very high inter-player variability, the one-by-one analysis revealed that the training intervention affected each player’s tactical behaviour differently. Introducing artificial rules decreased and raised considerably (Cohen’s d ≥ moderate) in-width and exploratory regularities of most U-14 and U-16 players, respectively. Therefore, assessing the training effects of game-based interventions from the individual to the whole team may provide unique and meaningful insight regarding the tactical competence of each player.
Results of a 440-day search for gravitational radiation

We report the results of a 440-day search for gravitational waves with a single 3.6 x 10/sup 6/-g aluminum 710-Hz room-temperature detector. The detector output was analyzed in real time using a microcomputer system. With the exception of a single large event, not observed by the much more sensitive antenna at Stanford University, the spectrum of events was thermal with an effective temperature T/sub e/roughly-equal6.0 K. This data implies a 90%-confidence-level upper limit of 5 x 10/sup -3/ events per day above 114 GPU for an average gravitational-wave orientation and polarization (one gravitational pulse unit = 10/sup 5/ erg cm/sup -2/Hz/sup -1/). This is the lowest limit set on the rate of gravitational radiation bursts to date.
On methods for the construction of networks dual to non-planar networks

Two networks are said to be dual to each other if the following correspondence exists between them: - Each element of one network has a counterpart in the other one. The currents through the elements in one network and the voltages across their counterparts in the other network are proportional to each other. A network dual to a given one is usually constructed by connecting elements of the appropriate kind in a circuit the diagram of which forms the topological counterpart to the diagram of the original circuit. If this original circuit is a non-planar one (i.e. if it cannot be drawn without crossings between some of its branches), then there exists no topological dual, and for this reason it has been said that there exists no dual to a non-planar electrical network. However, if we are interested in an electrical network not because its circuit diagram has certain geometrical properties, but because it constitutes an assembly of a number of passive and active elements which perform in a certain manner (on account of their impedance properties and of certain relations of mutual constraint imposed by Kirchhoff's mesh and junction relations), then there is really no restriction of this kind. We need only convert the original network into another with the same elements and the same performance, but with a planar circuit diagram and with additional constraints implemented by ideal transformers. This equivalent network can be then converted into its dual counterpart, which is another planar network subject to the dual counterparts of the transformer constraints of the first case. In this way we arrive at an assembly which performs in the required dual manner. Introducing thus the concept of physical duality as opposed to geometrical duality, the paper explains in an elementary manner a number of ways in which this conversion into equivalent planar networks can be achieved. These methods are: - A method originally published by Julia. The dual counterpart of this method. The method of fictitious junction points (an electrical analogue to F. Schur's method of fictitious junction points in pin-jointed frameworks). The method of the transferred terminal. The general method of separation. Some of these methods require a smaller number of ideal transformers than Julia's original method. The paper ends with a short discussion of the errors introduced when the dual network is set up on a network analyser and when the ideal transformers have to be replaced by real ones; the numerous methods available for the realization of an equivalent network enable a choice to be made so as to minimize these errors, or possibly eliminate them altogether. The existence of a dual to a non-planar network is of some interest in connection with electro-mechanical analogies as it removes a restriction to which the direct analogy would otherwise be subjected.
Comment on “Statistical Power with Group Mean as the Unit of Analysis”

Barcikowski (1981) has provided tables for use in situations where unit (e.g., class or school) means are to be used as the unit of analysis. Apparently unrecognized by Barcikowski, and perhaps by the research community at large, is the fact that under the conditions specified for use of these tables (i.e., knowledge of the intraclass correlation), one would not generally wish to carry out analyses based on group means since a superior analytic strategy is available in this situation. This paper explicates this methodology.
Nucleolin Regulates Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation under Hypoxia by Modulating miRNA Expression

Hypoxia induces the abnormal proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), resulting in the pathogenesis of various vascular diseases. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are involved in a wide range of biological processes, including cell proliferation and responses to hypoxia. In this study, we observed that the RBP nucleolin (NCL) was downregulated by histone deacetylation in response to hypoxia. We evaluated its regulatory effects on miRNA expression under hypoxic conditions in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). miRNAs associated with NCL were assessed using RNA immunoprecipitation in PASMCs and small RNA sequencing. The expression of a set of miRNAs was increased by NCL but reduced by hypoxia-induced downregulation of NCL. The downregulation of miR-24-3p and miR-409-3p promoted PASMC proliferation under hypoxic conditions. These results clearly demonstrate the significance of NCL–miRNA interactions in the regulation of hypoxia-induced PASMC proliferation and provide insight into the therapeutic value of RBPs for vascular diseases.
Improvement of EM algorithm by means of non-extensive statistical mechanics

We propose a new type of EM algorithm based on Tsallis non-extensive statistical mechanics. In our algorithm, the posterior distribution is derived in terms of the principle of maximizing Tsallis generalized entropy. Then, the problem is reformulated so as to minimize a generalized free energy in order to maximize a incomplete data log-likelihood function indirectly. We control a parameter q, which represents non-extensive property of entropy, for each EM step so that q goes to 1 at final stage of the algorithm. In order to check the efficiency of our method, the algorithm is applied to the Gaussian mixture means estimation problems. We find that the results of our algorithm are better than those of the conventional EM algorithm or the DAEM algorithm.
Adaptive Dynamic Programming for Nonlinear-Constrained H∞ Control

This article considers the $H_{\infty }$ control problem of nonlinear systems having unavailable dynamics and asymmetric saturating actuators. Initially, such an $H_{\infty }$ control problem is converted into the zero-sum game with a nonquadratic cost function being introduced. Then, in order to solve the Hamilton–Jacobi–Isaacs equation arising in the zero-sum game, a simultaneous policy iteration (SPI) algorithm is developed under the adaptive dynamic programming framework. Meanwhile, it is proved that the convergence of the SPI algorithm in essence amounts to the convergence of the sequential PI algorithm. To implement the SPI algorithm, the critic, the actor, and the perturbation neural networks (NNs) are, respectively, constructed to estimate the cost function, the control policy, and the perturbation. The three NNs’ weights are simultaneously determined by using the least-squares method together with the Monte Carlo integration technique. A remarkable characteristic of such an SPI algorithm is that arbitrary control policies and perturbations are applicable in the learning process. This makes system’s information be able to be replaced by the data collected along system’s trajectories in advance. More importantly, the persistence of the excitation condition is not required. Finally, simulations of two nonlinear examples are given to validate the present SPI algorithm.
Optimal QSAR analysis of the carcinogenic activity of drugs by correlation ranking and genetic algorithm‐based PCR

The major problem associated with principal component regression (PCR), especially in QSAR studies, is that this model extracts the eigenvectors solely from the matrix of predictor variables and therefore they might not have an essentially good relationship with the predicted variable. This paper describes the application of PCR to model the structure–carcinogenic activity of drugs. To obtain the optimal model, correlation ranking and a genetic algorithm were employed for selecting the best set of principal components (PCs). A large data set containing 735 carcinogenic activities and 1355 descriptors was used. Two cross‐validation procedures (leave‐many‐out and ν‐fold cross‐validation) and the hold‐out‐a‐test‐sample (HOTS) method were used to validate the models. It was found that introduction of PCs by the conventional eigenvalue ranking procedure did not produce the perfect model. Instead, factor selection by correlation ranking and genetic algorithm produced good models of similar quality. The models could explain more than 80% of the variances in carcinogenic activity. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.