Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Charger Integrated Coestimation of Parameters and States of Battery

Accurate parameter and state estimations of batteries are crucial for increasing safety and reliability. The ageing of batteries leads to electrochemical changes, changing the impedance, and the charge-discharge characteristics. The impedance and derived equivalent circuit model parameters values support state estimation algorithms. Hence, if the parameters of the battery are not updated at regular intervals of time or usage, the state estimation will be erroneous. The battery management system, which performs the state estimation, is limited in functionality and accuracy due to dependency on predefined parameter values fed during the initial set-up. Hence, this work proposes charger-side online parameters and state estimation algorithms based on the impedance and the equivalent circuit parameters determined during the start of charging. The accuracies of the proposed algorithms are verified experimentally for two batteries: A new and an old lithium iron phosphate battery. Further, the algorithms are tested for four types of charging: Constant current, constant current-constant voltage, pulse charging without discharge, and pulse charging with discharge. The experimental results show the suitability of the proposed algorithms for estimating battery parameters and states for both batteries. Moreover, the proposed algorithms are suitable for other Li-ion battery chemistry also.
A comprehensive experimental review of strain rate, size effect, creep and confinement in concrete: Part III

A comprehensive review of destructive testing techniques to understand concrete behavior is presented in this work. The main objective of this article is to summarize the literature from the last three decades related to the following topics: 1) the size effect in plain and reinforced concrete, 2) the crack estimation and propagation in concrete under various loading conditions, 3) the determination of material properties of concrete using triaxial testing techniques, 4) the behavior of concrete under creep and early age shrinkage which eventually affect the properties of concrete and lastly 5) the strain rate effect in concrete using various experimental techniques such as Split Hopkinson pressure bar, impact loading, drop hammer and the literature related to cyclic loading on concrete. The scope of the presented work is limited to destructive testing related to the topics defined above. To completely understand the behavior of material, at least three aspects must be required: the material’s theoretical basics, experimental validation, and numerical implementation. The authors presented the review articles related to theoretical basics and numerical implementation in parts I and II of this article. The presented work is part III, which is related to experimental work. In the upcoming section, the research related to specific topics is presented, and a summary is provided at the end of each section. Finally, the future works and the research directions are shown in the conclusion section.
Implications of 1.8 MeV Gamma-Ray Observations for the Origin of 26Al

Recent analysis of COMPTEL data has revealed an extremely close correlation between 53 GHz microwave free-free and 1.8 MeV gamma-ray line emission. While microwave free-free emission arises from the ionized interstellar medium, 1.8 MeV gamma rays are emitted during the radioactive decay of 26Al. We argue that the close correlation can only be understood if massive stars (M≳20 M☉) are at the origin of Galactic 26Al. Based on the measured proportionality factor, we estimate the 26Al yield of an "equivalent O7 V star" to be (1.0±0.5)×10−4 M☉. Using an estimate for the total Galactic Lyman continuum luminosity of Q=3.5×1053 photons s-1, we derive the Galactic 26Al mass to be 3.1±0.9 M☉. The mass estimate is compared to theoretical nucleosynthesis predictions for 26Al from core-collapse supernovae and Wolf-Rayet stars. We circumvent the problem of using a weakly constrained star formation rate for this comparison by determining the star formation rate self-consistently from our models, using the Galactic Lyman continuum luminosity. The effects of mass loss and metallicity are considered, and the uncertainties of predicted 26Al production rates due to poorly known initial mass limits for the candidate sources are discussed. Assuming solar metallicity throughout the entire Galaxy, we predict a Galactic 26Al mass of 1.6±0.3 M☉, of which ~60% is produced by core-collapse supernovae, while ~40% originates from Wolf-Rayet stars. Taking the Galactic metallicity gradient into account increases the Galactic 26Al mass to 2.2±0.4 M☉, consistent with the observed value. The increase mainly arises from enhanced production by Wolf-Rayet stars in the metal-rich inner Galaxy; these contribute ~60% of the Galactic 26Al budget. We predict that the metallicity gradient should produce an inner-to-outer Galaxy intensity contrast of ~30% between 1.8 MeV and Galactic free-free emission, which should be observable by the future gamma-ray spectrometer SPI on the International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory (INTEGRAL).
Prolate Spheroidal Wavelets in Higher Dimensions

Prolate spheroidal wavelets (PS wavelets) based on the first prolate spheroidal wave function (PSWF), were recently introduced. They were shown to have many desirable properties lacking in other wavelets. In particular, the subspaces belonging to the associated MRA were shown to be closed under differentiation and translation. In this paper, we introduce prolate spheroidal wavelets in higher dimensions. They are similar to the one-dimensional versions in that they are based on an eigenfunction of an integral operator. But there is not, in general, an associated differential operator which is helpful in the one dimensional case for construction. Hence another method of construction must be used.
H i ABSORPTION SPECTRA TOWARD MAGPIS SUPERNOVA REMNANT CANDIDATES

The Multi-Array Galactic Plane Imaging Survey is an ongoing project to map out the northern Galactic plane in the 21 cm radio continuum. The survey identified 30 probable supernova remnant candidates in the Galactic plane from 18°<l< 32°. H i absorption spectra were taken toward these sources using data from the VLA Galactic Plane Survey. Using both circular and hydrodynamical Galactic rotation models, the corresponding distances were calculated. Of the 30 candidates, distances to nine of them were determined, and another eight sources had their distances constrained with upper and lower bounds. Many of these sources have detectable radio recombination line emission toward them, and we comment on the possible nature of these emissions.
Ru(II) Complex Grafted Ti3C2Tx MXene Nano Sheet with Photothermal/Photodynamic Synergistic Antibacterial Activity

For a long time, the emergence of microbial drug resistance due to the abuse of antibiotics has greatly reduced the therapeutic effect of many existing antibiotics. This makes the development of new antimicrobial materials urgent. Light-assisted antimicrobial therapy is an alternative to antibiotic therapy due to its high antimicrobial efficiency and non-resistance. Here, we develop a nanocomposite material (Ru@MXene) which is based on Ru(bpy)(dcb)2+ connected to MXene nanosheets by ester bonding as a photothermal/photodynamic synergistic antibacterial material. The obtained Ru@MXene nanocomposites exhibit a strengthened antimicrobial capacity compared to Ru or MXene alone, which can be attributed to the higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) yield and the thermal effect. Once exposed to a xenon lamp, Ru@MXene promptly achieved almost 100% bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli (200 μg/mL) and Staphylococcus aureus (100 μg/mL). This is ascribed to its synergistic photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) capabilities. Consequently, the innovative Ru@MXene can be a prospective non-drug antimicrobial therapy that avoids antibiotic resistance in practice. Notably, this high-efficiency PTT/PDT synergistic antimicrobial material by bonding Ru complexes to MXene is the first such reported model. However, the toxic effects of Ru@MXene materials need to be studied to evaluate them for further medical applications.
Comparative Analysis of the Effectiveness of Polymerase Chain Reaction and Microscopy in Malaria Diagnosis

Malaria is a life-threatening parasitic disease which causes enormous morbidity and mortality in tropical African countries. Successful prevention and treatment of infected individuals heavenly depend on successful diagnosis using recommended techniques. These routine laboratory techniques have different performance indices. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the performance of Polymerase Chain Reaction and Microscopy in malaria diagnosis. A total of two hundred consented study subjects were randomly selected and enrolled for the research. Vein puncture technique was use to collect venus blood from the subjects and analysed using microscopy and Polymerase chain Reaction. DNA samples were extracted using Quick-DNA™ Miniprep Plus Kit with catalogue No. D4069. 18SrRNA gene of Plasmodium falciparum from chromosome 13 was amplified using the primers
Increased Risk of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Population-Based Study

Background and objective The global health burden of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) stems from its increasing incidence over the years. Comprehensive studies on the topic hypothesize that IBD plays a more dominant in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In light of this, we conducted this study with the aim of assessing the prevalence and risk factors of developing NASH in patients who have had a diagnosis of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). Methodology A validated multicenter and research platform database of more than 360 hospitals from 26 different healthcare systems across the United States from 1999 to September 2022 was utilized for conducting this study. Patients aged 18-65 years were included. Pregnant patients and individuals diagnosed with alcohol use disorder were excluded. The risk of developing NASH was calculated using a multivariate regression analysis to account for potential confounding variables including male gender, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and obesity. A two-sided p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant, and all statistical analyses were performed using R version 4.0. 2 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, 2008). Results A total of 79,346,259 individuals were screened in the database and 46,667,720 were selected for the final analysis based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Using multivariate regression analysis, the risk of developing NASH among patients with UC and CD was calculated. The odds of having NASH among patients with UC was 2.37 (95% CI: 2.17-2.60, p<0.001). Similarly, the odds of having NASH were high in patients with CD as well, at 2.79 (95% CI: 2.58-3.02, p<0.001). Conclusion Based on our findings, patients with IBD have an increased prevalence and higher odds of developing NASH after controlling for common risk factors. We believe that a complex pathophysiological relationship exists between both disease processes. Further research is required to establish appropriate screening times to enable earlier disease identification and thereby improve patient outcomes.
Paralinguistic information affects phonation types: A case study using high-speed video images

A case study on the correlation between phonation type and paralinguistic information in Japanese has carried out using a high-speed digital video imaging system. The results showed that ‘‘breathy’’ and ‘‘creaky’’ phonations corresponded to ‘‘disappointment’’ and ‘‘suspicion’’-related utterances, respectively. Such influence of paralinguistic information stretches over segments including voiceless consonants. This means the alteration due to paralinguistic information is not limited to voice quality but to whole settings of the larynx. These findings are in accord with those of our articulatory study. They suggest that the domain of the phonatory and articulatory setting due to paralinguistic information is the whole utterances, rather than individual segments.
Reducing Non-Through Body Energy Transfer in Microwave Imaging Systems

On-body antennas for use in microwave imaging (MI) systems can direct energy around the body instead of through the body, thus degrading the overall signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the system. This work introduces and quantifies the usage of modern metal-backed RF absorbing foam in conjunction with on-body antennas to dampen energy flowing around the body, using both simulations and experiments. A head imaging system is demonstrated herein but the principle can be applied to any part of the body including the torso or extremities. A computational model was simulated numerically using Ansys HFSS. A physical prototype in the form of a helmet with embedded antennas was built to compare simulations with measured data. Simulations and measurements demonstrate that usage of such metal-backed RF-absorbing foams can significantly reduce around-body coupling from Transmit (Tx) and Receive (Rx) antennas by approximately 10 dB. Thus, the overall SNR of the MI system can be substantially improved using this low-cost and affordable method.
The central European floods of August 2002: Part 1 – Rainfall periods and flood development

Record-breaking rainfall amounts and intensities were observed at several raingauges in central Europe during the first half of August 2002 (Fig. 1). They produced flash floods in small rivers in the Erz Mountains, the Bohemian Forest and in Lower Austria (see Fig. 2), followed by record-breaking floods of larger rivers fed from these areas. The Vltava submerged parts of the city of Prague on 13± 15 August, and subsequently the Elbe flooded parts of Dresden and further villages and towns located downstream. The gauge level of 9.40m measured at Dresden on 17 August 2002 is the highest level since 1275, exceeding the former maximum level of 8.77m recorded in 1845 (Grollmann and Simon 2002). Parts of the Danube catchment were also affected by severe flooding. There were 100 fatalities connected with the floods in central Europe, and the economic loss is estimated at 9 billion Euros for Germany (German government’s estimate), 3 billion Euros for Austria, and 2.5 billion Euros for the Czech Republic (estimates from Boyle 2002). The event thus replaced the European winter storm Lothar of December 1999 (Ulbrich et al. 2001) as the most expensive weather-related catastrophe in Europe in recent decades (see Cornford 2002). In this study, we give an overview of the exceptional rainfall experienced over wide areas on 12/13 August 2002, and the resulting floods. Further events during early August 2002, in particular the event on 6/7 August in Lower Austria, are briefly mentioned.
Some Theorems on the Free Energies of Crystal Surfaces

Although the interpretation of experiments in such fields as the shapes of small particles and the thermal etching of surfaces usually involves problems of kinetics rather than mere equilibrium considerations, it is suggested that a knowledge of the relative free energies of different shapes or surface configurations may provide a useful perspective. This paper presents some theorems on these relative free energies which follow from the Wulff construction for the equilibrium shape of a small particle, and some relations between atomic models of crystal surfaces and the surface free energy function used in this construction. Equilibrium shapes of crystals and of noncrystalline anisotropic media are classified, and it is pointed out that the possibilities for crystals include smoothly rounded as well as sharp-cornered forms. The condition is formulated for thermodynamic stability of a flat crystal face with respect to formation of a hill-and-valley structure. A discussion is presented of the limitations on the applicability of the results imposed by the dependence of surface free energy on curvature; and it is concluded that these limitations are not likely to be serious for most real substances, though they are serious for certain idealized theoretical models.
The corporate tax in an intertemporal equilibrium model with imperfectly mobile capital.

This paper examines how alternative capital mobility assumptions affect the inci dence and efficiency of corporate income taxation. It uses a two-sect or intertemporal equilibrium model in which imperfectly elastic inves tment captures the notion of imperfectly mobile capital. If investmen t is infinitely elastic, which implies perfectly mobile capital, a lo wer corporate income tax yields substantial efficiency gains and bene fits all agents. If investment is less elastic, however, the economy- wide efficiency gains are smaller and labor suffers welfare losses. I f the goods supplied by the two sectors are close substitutes, noncor porate capital loses also and only corporate capital benefits. Copyright 1988 by Economics Department of the University of Pennsylvania and the Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association.
Detection of Liver Tumour Using Deep Learning Based Segmentation with Coot Extreme Learning Model

Systems for medical analytics and decision making that make use of multimodal intelligence are of critical importance in the field of healthcare. Liver cancer is one of the most frequent types of cancer and early identification of it is crucial for effective therapy. Liver tumours share the same brightness and contrast characteristics as their surrounding tissues. Likewise, irregular tumour shapes are a serious concern that varies with cancer stage and tumour kind. There are two main phases of tumour segmentation in the liver: identifying the liver, and then segmenting the tumour itself. Conventional interactive segmentation approaches, however, necessitate a high number of intensity levels, whereas recently projected CNN-based interactive segmentation approaches are constrained by low presentation on liver tumour images. This research provides a unique deep Learning based Segmentation with Coot Extreme Learning Model approach that shows high efficiency in results and also detects tumours from the publicly available data of liver images. Specifically, the study processes the initial segmentation with a small number of additional users clicks to generate an improved segmentation by incorporating inner boundary points through the proposed geodesic distance encoding method. Finally, classification is carried out using an Extreme Learning Model, with the classifier’s parameters having been ideally chosen by means of the Coot Optimization algorithm (COA). On the 3D-IRCADb1 dataset, the research evaluates the segmentation quality metrics DICE and accuracy, finding improvements over approaches in together liver-coloured and tumour separation.
Design of a 0.4–3.9-GHz Wideband High-Efficiency Power Amplifier Based on a Novel Bandwidth Extended Matching Network

The design of a multi-octave power amplifier (PA) is presented based on extended continuous Class-B/J (ECB/J) modes in this brief. The wide design space provided by the ECB/J modes has been used as the goal for the design. A unique bandwidth extended matching network that can achieve a broadband impedance matching in the appropriate impedance region by simultaneously manipulating six frequency points is proposed to compensate for the impedance dispersion effect caused by the change of the optimal impedance with the operating frequency in the design of the matching network. To verify the proposed methodology, a wideband PA is designed and fabricated by using a commercial 10-W gallium nitride (GaN) device. The implemented PA achieves a bandwidth of 163% from 0.4 to 3.9 GHz while exhibiting excellent performance of 38–42.3 dBm output power, 57–68% drain efficiency, and 10–13 dB gain. The measured adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) is lower than–26 dBc at 0.8, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, and 3.5 GHz when the output power is lower than 36 dBm.
Neurodegenerative Changes in the Brains of the 5xFAD Alzheimer’s Disease Model Mice Investigated by High-Field and High-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Multi-Nuclei Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

This study aimed to investigate morphological and metabolic changes in the brains of 5xFAD mice. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) were obtained in 10- and 14-month-old 5xFAD and wild-type (WT) mice, while 31P MRS scans were acquired in 11-month-old mice. Significantly reduced gray matter (GM) was identified by voxel-based morphometry (VBM) in the thalamus, hypothalamus, and periaqueductal gray areas of 5xFAD mice compared to WT mice. Significant reductions in N-acetyl aspartate and elevation of myo-Inositol were revealed by the quantification of MRS in the hippocampus of 5xFAD mice, compared to WT. A significant reduction in NeuN-positive cells and elevation of Iba1- and GFAP-positive cells supported this observation. The reduction in phosphomonoester and elevation of phosphodiester was observed in 11-month-old 5xFAD mice, which might imply a sign of disruption in the membrane synthesis. Commonly reported 1H MRS features were replicated in the hippocampus of 14-month-old 5xFAD mice, and a sign of disruption in the membrane synthesis and elevation of breakdown were revealed in the whole brain of 5xFAD mice by 31P MRS. GM volume reduction was identified in the thalamus, hypothalamus, and periaqueductal gray areas of 5xFAD mice.
Electromagnetically induced absorption spectra depending on intensities and detunings of the coupling field in Cs vapour

We have observed electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) spectra depending on intensities and detunings of the coupling field in the cycling transition (6S1/2, F = 4↔6P3/2, F' = 5) of the Doppler-broadened Cs atomic system. With a weak coupling field, we were able to see an EIA spectrum with a subnatural linewidth. On increasing the intensity of the coupling laser, we found that a transmission dip produced by an electromagnetically induced transparency appeared at the centre of the EIA structure, which is the first time that this has been observed. By detuning the frequency of the coupling laser, we were able to obtain a clear dispersion-like spectrum for blue-side detuning, but we obtained a complicated shape for red-side detuning because of the influences of other hyperfine levels. These results were compared qualitatively with theoretical curves obtained from a simple model.