Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Palaeo-oxygenation: effects and recognition

Abstract Oxygen is a bio-limiting element for metazoa and one of the most important factors influencing species diversity and abundance in the marine realm. Equally, the absence of oxygen is generally considered to be essential for the inhibition of microbial decay and the formation of organic-rich sediments. As such, the determination of depositional palaeo-oxygenation values of ancient rocks has become a fundamental quest for the palaeoecologist and mudrock sedimentologist. In this paper the development of the tripartite anaerobic-dysaerobic-aerobic terminology for oxygen-related biofacies and the recent additions of the exaerobic and poikiloaerobic biofacies are reviewed. The new, non-genetic, oxygen-restricted biofacies (ORB) scheme is also presented. Chemosymbiotic life strategies have been suggested to be important in many extinct black shale taxa but a glance at modern chemosymbionts casts doubt on the significance of this mode of life in ORB. A review of lowest dysaerobic benthic forms throughout the Phanerozoic reveals the repeated occurrence of a few morphologies almost exclusively derived from the brachiopods and bivalves. Geochemical indices of palaeo-oxygen levels are also reviewed. The recent renaissance in the development of criteria for the determination of palaeo-oxygen values has led to the recognition of a considerably greater variety of dysaerobic biofacies in the geological record. This is illustrated with two case studies, the first, from the celebrated Burgess Shale of British Columbia, shows a depositional environment dominated by a fluctuating oxycline. The second case study, from widely separated earliest Triassic marine sections, illustrates the possibility of a widespread (global) dysoxic event at this time.
Importance of domestic releases in urban sewer networks: case of alkylphenols, phthalates and parabens in the Paris agglomeration

In order to protect the aquatic environment, minimizing the introduction of hazardous substances seems to be an interesting complement to the implementation of new water-treatment technologies. Some European and French regulations (Directive 2000/60/EC, directive 2003/53/CE, French decree of 2015 July 21 st ) encourage the development of action plans contributing to the reduction of emissions of pollutants by limiting the flows arriving at wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). A lever of action that seems natural to communities is the control of emissions from industries and agriculture in the watersheds under consideration. This paper focuses on another source of contribution to pollutant flows that is not necessarily taken into account: domestic wastewater. In the case of the Paris conurbation, heavily urbanized and poorly industrialized, the aim of our work was to compare the contamination of domestic wastewater with that of industrial wastewater for three families of micropollutants: alkylphenols, phthalates and parabens that are toxics for aquatic environments and classified as endocrine-disrupting compounds (Oehlmann et al. 2009; Haman et al. 2015). Then, we tried to identify ways to reduce the contamination of domestic wastewater. First the origin of the contamination was investigated through greywater and finally the impact of regulation and/or changing of practices on the contamination of wastewater were assessed.
Special Section on New and Emerging Areas and Technologies in Drug Metabolism and Disposition, Part I Use of Traditional and Proteomic Methods in the Assessment of a Preclinical Model of Preeclampsia S

Recentstudieshavedemonstrateddownregulationofbreastcancerre-sistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) in placenta obtainedfrom women with preeclampsia (PE). BCRP is highly expressed in placenta and plays an important role in preventing xenobiotics from entering the fetal compartment. Although PE is often therapeutically managed with drugs that are substrates of BCRP, there are limited studies on the impact of PE on fetal drug exposure. Due to ethical concerns, use of preclinical models is an important approach. Thus, by using proteomic and traditional methods, we characterized transporter changes in an immunologic rat model of PE to determine its utility and predictive value for future drug disposition studies. PE was induced by daily administration of low-dose endotoxin (0.01 – 0.04 mg/kg) to rats on gestational days (GD) 13 – 16, urine was collected, and rats were sacrificed on GD17orGD18.PEratssharedsimilarphenotypetoPEpatients,including proteinuria, and increased levels of tumor necrosis factor a and interleukin 6. Transcript and protein levels of Bcrp were significantly downregulated in placenta of PE rats on GD18. multidrug resistance 1a, multidrug resistance 1b, and organic anion transporting polypep-tide2B1 mRNA werealsodecreasedinPE.Proteomicsrevealedactiva-tion of various hallmarks of PE including immune activation, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis. Overall, our re-sults demonstrated that the immunologic PE rat model exhibits
Protective effect of tanshinone IIA against infarct size and increased HMGB1, NFκB, GFAP and apoptosis consequent to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion

Title: Protective effect of tanshinone IIA against infarct size and increased HMGB1, NFκB, GFAP and consequent to Abstract: Acute inflammation plays an important role in brain damage following cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury. The present study employed a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) to explore the neuroprotective effects of tanshinone IIA (TSN), which is widely used in China for promoting circulation. Rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group, and I/R transiently occluded then reperfused groups. Two out of each of these three groups received a different dose of TSN. After 15 days, triphenyl tetrazolium chloride and hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed fewer lesions in the TSN -treated I/R group relative to I/R alone. TSN treatment dramatically improved infarct sizes and reduced content of HMGB1 in the I/R model group. Nuclear translocation of NFκB was also attenuated in I/R animals subsequently receiving TSN. TUNEL staining revealed more apoptosis in the I/R model group and this was reduced in the I/R animals treated with TSN for 15d. Thus TSN mitigates the severity of We are submitting this manuscript entitled “Protective effect of tanshinone IIA against infarct size and increased HMGB1, NFκB, GFAP and apoptosis consequent to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion” for consideration as a publication in Neurochemistry International Abstract Acute inflammation plays an important role in brain damage following cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury. The present study employed a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) to explore the neuroprotective effects of tanshinone IIA (TSN), which is widely used in China for treating cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases. Rats were divided into a sham-operated group, and I/R transiently occluded then reperfused groups. Some of the I/R animals were treated daily for 7d or 15d with two different doses of TSN. After 15 days, triphenyl tetrazolium chloride and hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed fewer lesions in the TSN -treated I/R group relative to the untreated corresponding I/R group. TSN treatment dramatically improved infarct sizes and reduced content of HMGB1 following I/R. Nuclear translocation of NFκB was also attenuated in I/R animals subsequently receiving TSN. TUNEL staining revealed more apoptosis in the I/R model group and this was reduced in the I/R animals treated with TSN for 15d. Thus TSN mitigates the severity of damage effected by I/R.
Topographic Anisotropy of Slickenside from Deep Borehole Sample in an Earthquake Swarm Region and Its Generation Mechanism.

A slickenside was discovered from a boring core sample 1, 880m deep in the Matsushiro earthquake swarm region in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. The slickenside has been considered to be created by earthquake faulting during the earthquake swarm period, because it accompanied fresh rock powder produced by earthquake faulting. The power spectral density of the topography of the slickenside was measured with a stylus profilometer over the wavelength range from 10-4 to 10-2m. Each profile of the surface has a "red noise" power spectrum over the wavelength range studied, with the power falling off on average between 2 and 3 orders of magnitude per decade decrease in wavelength. Meanwhile, the topography of the slickenside is found to show anisotropy in the spectral amplitude; the amplitude perpendicular to the slip direction is two to four times as large as that parallel to the slip direction. A generation mechanism for such topographic anisotropy is numerically modeled from a viewpoint of the fracture mechanics. It is supposed that the crack tip stress distribution in the plane parallel to the slip direction is represented by a model of a plane strain shear crack (Mode II crack) and that the stress distribution in the plane perpendicular to the slip direction is represented by an antiplane strain shear crack (Mode III crack). The stress field around the crack tip in the Mode III case shows a broader distribution with respect to the azimuth than that in the Mode II case. This difference of a stress field at the crack tip between the Mode II and the Mode III is a possible cause of the topographic anisotropy.
VU Research Portal

—Companies are increasingly adopting cloud-based solutions to provide their employees with tools for flexible work. The environmental consequences of this trend, although largely under-researched, are likely to be negative. In fact, by enabling integrated and easy-to-use features (document collaboration, backups, online meetings, etc.), using the cloud typically leads to a growth in data traffic and outsourced computation. At the same time, the 2022 IPCC report (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) calls for sufficiency measures to reach net-zero emissions, i.e. actions on the demand side to avoid unnecessary consumption of resources. However, how much and which cloud usage is “sufficient” for flexible work? This study explores the answer to this question by using qualitative research methods. We carried out three focus groups within two companies, investigating the daily use of digital technologies in flexible work. A thematic analysis using open coding was performed on the outcome. Our findings include (i) a list of main digital work activities and differences according to work settings, (ii ) the perceptions of what makes certain digital activities or their cloud feature necessary , and (iii) a list of tactics towards sufficiency and the perceived benefits and challenges associated to them. In our increasingly connected work environments, there are plenty of opportunities to decrease our digital footprint by re-centering on the essentials, and simultaneously bring co-benefits like focus, and better quality of life. Future work could identify the cultural part of what is perceived as necessary by running the same study in other countries and professional environments. Further research would also be helpful to identify the potential impact and acceptability of the identified tactics.
Review: “CoRR — The Cloud of Reproducible Records”

The paper presents CoRR (Cloud of Reproducible Records), a Web platform for storing and managing records from different tools that create snapshots of computational environments for reproducibility purposes. The authors refer to these tools as CVC (Computation Version Control) tools. In a nutshell, these tools capture the state of the environment in which computational environments are run (e.g.: OS and hardware information, library dependencies, system variables, etc.), in addition to the code and the data. Examples of CVC tools include Sumatra, ReproZip, and CDE. The authors argue that CVC tools are facing major issues in adoption, and that one of the main reasons is related to the lack of a Web interface for sharing and managing CVC records (similar to what GitHub or BitBucket do for SVC tools). CoRR was designed to fill this gap and to facilitate the integration among these tools by providing a common management platform.
The climatological relationship between tropical cyclones in the southwest pacific and the Madden–Julian Oscillation

The focus of this study is the climatological relationship between southwest Pacific Tropical Cyclone (TC) activity and the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) on the interannual time‐scale. It investigates TC seasonal characteristics (e.g. cyclogenesis, track morphology, ex‐tropical transition, and intensity) as modulated by the phase and intensity of the MJO. The approach is novel as in addition to the focus on the intraseasonal variability of TCs there is also a focus on the interannual variability of TCs even though the MJO is an intraseasonal phenomenon. Links between the MJO, the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) and TC variability are also investigated. Using the MJO phases defined by Wheeler and Hendon (2004), southwest Pacific TC frequency exhibited a statistically significant decrease during MJO phases 2 and 3, and an increase during phases 6 and 7; and during the positive phase of the SAM, an increased frequency of TCs undergoing extratropical transition was observed. In summary, the results show a clear intraseasonal climatological relationship between specific phases of the MJO with respect to a decreased (increased) frequency of TCs during the paired MJO phases 2–3 (6–7); as well as the existence of a statistically significant relationship between the MJO and SAM with respect to the extratropical transition (ETT) of TCs. During positive phases of the SAM, coincident with weak interannual MJO phases 4–5 and 6–7, there are statistically significant greater frequency percentages of TCs undergoing ETT.
The Problem of New Theories

The problem of new theories, also known as the problem of awareness growth or new hypotheses, is primarily known as a challenge for subjective Bayesian theories of scientific and individual learning. Secondarily, it is a wider set of challenges for many other theories of learning. Subjective Bayesian theories explain how rational agents take probabilistic expectations and update them by preserving existing relationships while eliminating possibilities through learning. For instance, I might think it’s about equally likely to have pears in the fridge as not, and that if I have pears in the fridge, it’s highly likely that my roommate went shopping. In the diagram below, the area corresponds to my degree of credence in each hypothesis, such that the total area of the rectangle sums to 1:
Proximate composition and economic values of four common sources of animal protein in South-western Nigeria

investigated in the south-western area of Nigeria. The meat types were beef,broiler, African catfish and Tilapia and the parameters were crude protein (%),ether extract(%),ash(%),crude fibre(%) and nitrogen-free extract(%) and average market prices of the meat types. One hundred grammes of each of the meat sample were obtained from freshly slaughtered cow, broiler chicken and fishes. Each sample was subdivided into four replicates which were later subjected to proximate analyses in a completely randomized design (CRD) while current market prices of each of the meat samples were investigated. Beef had the highest crude protein and fat content, while broiler meat and African catfish had higher mineral content than others. However, none of the samples had crude fibre. Meanwhile, Tilapia (N42.00{US$ 0.28} per 100g fresh weight) was the cheapest while broiler meat was the most expensive(N57.00 {US$ 0.38} per 100g fresh weight). Beef had the highest level of crude protein than other meat types while Tilapia was the cheapest meat type in south-western Nigeria as at 2009 when this study was carried out. Keywords: market prices, meat types, proximate composition.
Optimal Internal Shortest Absent Word Queries (cid:63)

Given a string T of length n over an alphabet Σ ⊂ { 1 , 2 , . , n O (1) } of size σ , we are to preprocess T so that given a range [ i, j ], we can return a representation of a shortest string over Σ that is absent in the fragment T [ i ] · · · T [ j ] of T . We present an O ( n )-space data structure that answers such queries in constant time and can be constructed in O ( n log σ n ) time
Effect of Exclusion of Anomalous Tropical Stations on Temperature Trends from a 63-Station Radiosonde Network, and Comparison with Other Analyses

Abstract A 63-station radiosonde network has been used for many years to estimate temperature variations and trends at the surface and in the 850–300-, 300–100-, and 100–50-mb layers of climate zones, both hemispheres, and the globe, but with little regard for the quality of individual station data. In this paper, nine tropical radiosonde stations in this network are identified as anomalous based on unrepresentatively large standard-error-of-regression values for 300–100-mb trends for the period 1958–2000. In the Tropics the exclusion of the 9 anomalous stations from the 63-station network for 1958–2000 results in a warming of the 300–100-mb layer rather than a cooling, a doubling of the warming of the 850–300-mb layer to a value of 0.13 K decade−1, and a greater warming at 850–300-mb than at the surface. The global changes in trend are smaller, but include a change to the same warming of the surface and the 850–300-mb layer during 1958–2000. The effect of the station exclusions is much less for 1979–2000.
Multiproxy approach to understanding the origin of Cretaceous pelagic limestone–marl alternations (DSDP site 391, Blake‐Bahama Basin)

Limestone–marl alternations are usually directly interpreted to reflect cyclic palaeoenvironmental signals. However, uncertainty in such interpretations stems from the differential diagenesis that most limestone–marl alternations have undergone. Differential diagenesis results in markedly different alterations between limestones and marls and in the loss of comparability of many measurable parameters. For an unequivocal interpretation of the origin of rhythmic alternations, diagenetically robust parameters or parameters that clearly indicate the degree of diagenetic bias are required. The present study uses a multiproxy approach (independent biotic, sedimentary and geochemical parameters) in order to unravel the palaeoenvironmental signal recorded in Valanginian (Early Cretaceous) limestone–marl alternations from the Blake‐Bahama Basin (DSDP site 391). Using this approach, terrestrial and marine influences can be distinguished, changes in nutrient levels estimated and prediagenetic differences in the non‐carbonate fraction constrained. Surprisingly, no systematic variations in any of these parameters were observed between limestone and marl layers, implying that none of these was directly responsible for the formation of the rhythmic alternation. Hence, none of the current models of sedimentary formation of limestone–marl rhythmites is applicable here. Calcareous nannofossils are equally well preserved in limestone and marl layers, ruling out their dissolution in marl layers as a source of the calcite cement in the limestone beds. Sr values of 700–900 p.p.m. indicate that aragonite may have been present in the original, pelagic sediment. The assumption of fine‐grained sedimentary aragonite imported from nearby carbonate platforms as the source of the cement would explain a number of otherwise enigmatic features in these rhythmites, including the source of the calcite cement observed in the limestones, the equally good preservation of calcareous nannofossils in limestones and marls and the higher concentration of calcareous nannofossils in marl layers. The study demonstrates that examination of diagenetically inert parameters or parameters in which diagenetic effects can be filtered can yield unexpected results. Clearly, careful analysis of such parameters needs to be undertaken in order to make reliable palaeoenvironmental interpretations from rhythmite successions.
Working Papers in Economics and Statistics Loss Aversion and Mental Accounting: the Favorite-longshot Bias in Parimutuel Betting the Favorite-longshot Bias in Parimutuel Betting

In this paper it is shown that the combination of mental accounting and loss aversion can fundamentally changes people's way of evaluating risky alternatives. The observation is applied in a market setting: Parimutuel betting markets. In parimutuel betting markets it has been found that for horses with lowest odds (favorites), market estimates of winning probabilities are smaller than objective winning probabilities; for horses with highest odds (longshot) the opposite is observed (the favorite-longshot bias). I build a game theoretical model and show that the favorite-longshot bias is the equilibrium play of the players with loss aversion, and that the degree of the favorite-longshot bias depends on the mental accounting process the players use. JEL Classification: C72 D40 D81 G10 * I would like to especially thank Anthony Ziegelmeyer for his continuous support. I also thank Werne Güth, Rene Levinsky, and Christoph Vanberg for their helpful comments and suggestions.
Profile of evolocumab and its potential in the treatment of hyperlipidemia

: Despite the proven efficacy of statins, they often fail to achieve low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol goals, especially in high-risk patients. Moreover, a large number of subjects cannot tolerate statins or full doses of these drugs, in particular patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. Thus, there is a need for additional effective LDL cholesterol-reducing agents. Evolocumab (AMG145) is a monoclonal antibody inhibiting proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 that binds to the liver LDL receptor and prevents it from normal recy-cling by targeting it for degradation. Phase I, II, and III trials revealed that, on subcutaneous injection, either alone or in combination with statins, evolocumab is able to reduce high LDL cholesterol levels from 54% to 80%, apolipoprotein B100 from 31% to 61%, and lipoprotein(a) from 12% to 36%, in a dose-dependent manner. The incidence of side effects seems to be low and mainly limited to nasopharyngitis, injection site pain, arthralgia, and back pain. Evolocumab is an innovative powerful lipid-lowering drug, additive to statins and/or ezetimibe, with a large therapeutic range associated with a low rate of mild adverse events. If the available data are confirmed in long-term trials with strong outcome measures, evolocumab will become an essential tool in the treatment of a large number of high-risk patients, such as those affected by familial hypercholesterolemia, those who are unable to tolerate an efficacious statin dosage, and those at very high cardiovascular risk and unable to achieve their target LDL cholesterol levels with currently available lipid-lowering
MULTIFACTOR ERROR STRUCTURE

This paper extends the cross sectionally augmented panel unit root test proposed by Pesaran (2007) to the case of a multifactor error structure. The basic idea is to exploit information regarding the unobserved factors that are shared by other time series in addition to the variable under consideration. Importantly, our test procedure only requires specification of the maximum number of factors, in contrast to other panel unit root tests based on principal components that require in addition the estimation of the number of factors as well as the factors themselves. Small sample properties of the proposed test are investigated by Monte Carlo experiments, which suggest that it controls well for size in almost all cases, especially in the presence of serial correlation in the error term, contrary to alternative test statistics. Empirical applications to Fisher’s inflation parity and real equity prices across different markets illustrate how the proposed test works in practice. JEL Code: C12, C15, C22, C23.