Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CMAR_A_254316 8325..8339

Department of Urology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Qingdao, People’s Republic of China Purpose: Aim of this study was to identify biomarkers between different grades of bladder cancer (BLCA) and its prognostic value. Methods: mRNA expression data from GSE32549 and GSE71576 were extracted for further analysis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using GEO2R web tool. Gene ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network were conducted to explore the function and relationship of DEGs. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used for external validation and Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) analysis was used to further identify FADS1 pathways. Bladder cancer cells and patient specimens were used to further demonstrate the function of FADS1. Results: Datasets from GEO identified a panel of DEGs. Functional enrichment analysis highlighted that DEGs were associated with nuclear division, spindle, cell cycle and p53 signaling pathway. External validation from TCGA demonstrated that FADS1 was an independent prognostic marker in BLCA patients. In cell lines and tumor specimen analysis, FADS1 was overexpressed in the tumor specimen, compared with adjacent tissues, and positively correlated with tumor grade of BLCA. Moreover, FADS1 could enhance the proliferation ability and influence cell cycle of bladder cancer cells. Conclusion: FADS1 was an independent prognostic biomarker for BLCA and could confer the bladder cancer cells increased proliferation ability.
Metabolism, Pharmacokinetics and Excretion of a Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Inhibitor, Torcetrapib, in Rats, Monkeys, and Mice: Characterization of Unusual and Novel Metabolites by High Resolution LC-MS/MS

233 Introduction 518 Discussion 1423 Text pages 51 Tables 8 Figures 17 References 30 Abbreviations: CHD, coronary artery disease; CETP, (cholesteryl ester transfer protein); SD, Sprague-Dawley;; MCID, MicroComputer Imaging Device; radio-HPLC, HPLC with on-line radioactivity detector; LC-MS/MS, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; β-RAM, radioactive monitor; CID, collision induced dissociation; LSC, liquid scintillation counting; BTFMBA, bis-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid; HPD, hours postdose. This article has not been copyedited and formatted. The final version may differ from this version. DMD Fast Forward. Published on July 24, 2008 as DOI: 10.1124/dmd.108. 022277 at A PE T Jornals on O cber 5, 2023 dm d.aspurnals. org D ow nladed from
Emergence of Resistance to p-Lactam and Aminoglycoside Antibiotics During Moxalactam Therapy of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections

In four patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections, the infecting strain developed resistance to moxalactam during therapy with this drug. In addition, P. aeruginosa isolates from two ofthese four patients showed increased resistance to aminoglycosides. Isolates from a third patient acquired cross-resistance to other antipseudomonal ,3-lactams. In three of the cases, disk susceptibility tests failed to detect the resistance that was demonstrated in broth dilution assays. Isolate identities were confirmed by serotyping. No new plasmids were found by agarose gel electrophoresis. The mechanisms for this resistance did not involve enzymatic antibiotic degradation. These findings suggest that currently available expanded-spectrum cephalosporin derivatives should probably not be used alone for most serious infections due to P. aeruginosa. They also suggest that strains with multiple antibiotic resistance may become more prevalent in hospitals if these drugs are used extensively.
Python Programming Topics That Pose a Challenge for Students

Learning programming is often considered as difficult, but it would be wrong to assume that all programming topics are equally tough to learn. In this paper, we make use of a gamified programming learning environment submission repository containing records of over 9000 attempts of solving Python exercises to identify topics which pose the largest challenge for students. By comparing students’ effort and progress among sets of exercises assigned to respective topics, two topics emerged as especially difficult (Object-oriented programming and Classic algorithms). Also interesting are the identified differences between genders (indicating female students to fare better than male at the initial topics, and the opposite for the most advanced topics)
Designing Heuristics for Accessible Online Text Production

Governments and public organisations provide digital services and share infor - mation on websites, so web content needs to be accessible to all citizens. Text remains the main form of providing information, and reading is the primary way to interact with digital services. However, existing guidelines are not adequate for content creators in public organisations. The wide scope and technicality of these guidelines make them confusing, difficult to understand and challenging to implement. To respond to this emerging need, in this paper, we contribute improvements to the guidance of accessible text production by proposing heuristics with a design science approach. Specifically, we (1) review acces - sibility guidelines and determine improvement factors related to text accessibility, (2) es - tablish a design and evaluation workshop with 38 students, and (3) verify the feasibility of the proposal with content creators. Our evidence shows that the proposed accessibil - ity heuristics are clear and easy to understand, and they are useful for content creators.
Depth-d Threshold Circuits vs. Depth-(d + 1) AND-OR Trees

For n ∈ N and d = o(log log n), we prove that there is a Boolean function F on n bits and a value γ = 2−Θ(d) such that F can be computed by a uniform depth-(d + 1) AC0 circuit with O(n) wires, but F cannot be computed by any depth-d TC0 circuit with n1+γ wires. This bound matches the current state-of-the-art lower bounds for computing explicit functions by threshold circuits of depth d > 2, which were previously known only for functions outside AC0 such as the parity function. Furthermore, in our result, the AC0 circuit computing F is a monotone read-once formula (i.e., an AND-OR tree), and the lower bound holds even in the average-case setting with respect to advantage n−γ. Our proof builds on the random projection procedure of Håstad, Rossman, Servedio, and Tan, which they used to prove the celebrated average-case depth hierarchy theorem for AC0 (J. ACM, 2017). We show that under a modified version of their projection procedure, any depth-d threshold circuit with n1+γ wires simplifies to a near-trivial function, whereas an appropriately parameterized AND-OR tree of depth d + 1 maintains structure. *Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, OH, USA. Email: pooyahat@gmail.com. Supported by NSF grant CCF-1947546. †Simons Institute for the Theory of Computing, University of California at Berkeley, CA, USA. Email: williamhoza@berkeley.edu. Part of this research was conducted while the author was a graduate student at the University of Texas at Austin, supported by the NSF GRFP under Grant DGE-1610403 and by a Harrington Fellowship from UT Austin. ‡Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, CA, USA. Email: atal@berkeley.edu. Supported by NSF CAREER award CCF-2145474. §The Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton NJ and the DIMACS Center at Rutgers University, NJ. Email: roei.tell@gmail.com. Part of this work was supported by the National Science Foundation under grant number CCF-1445755 and under grant number CCF-1900460. ISSN 1433-8092 Electronic Colloquium on Computational Complexity, Report No. 87 (2022)
Hydrophilic But Not Hydrophobic Surfactant Protein Genetic Variants Are Associated With Severe Acute Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Children

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection-related hospitalization in the first year of life. Surfactant dysfunction is central to pathophysiologic mechanisms of various pulmonary diseases including RSV. We hypothesized that RSV severity is associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of surfactant proteins (SPs). We prospectively enrolled 405 RSV-positive children and divided them into moderate and severe RSV disease. DNA was extracted and genotyped for sixteen specific SP gene SNPs. SP-A1 and A2 haplotypes were assigned. The association of RSV severity with SP gene SNPs was investigated by multivariate logistic regression. A likelihood ratio test was used to test the goodness of fit between two models (one with clinical and demographic data alone and another that included genetic variants). p ≤ 0.05 denotes statistical significance. A molecular dynamics simulation was done to determine the impact of the SFTPA2 rs1965708 on the SP-A behavior under various conditions. Infants with severe disease were more likely to be younger, of lower weight, and exposed to household pets and smoking, as well as having co-infection on admission. A decreased risk of severe RSV was associated with the rs17886395_C of the SFTPA2 and rs2243639_A of the SFTPD, whereas an increased risk was associated with the rs1059047_C of the SFTPA1. RSV severity was not associated with SNPs of SFTPB and SFTPC. An increased risk of severe RSV was associated with the 1A0 genotype of SFTPA2 in its homozygous or heterozygous form with 1A3. A molecular dynamic simulation study of SP-A variants that differ in amino acid 223, an important amino acid change (Q223K) between 1A0 and 1A3, showed no major impact on the behavior of these two variants except for higher thermodynamic stability of the K223 variant. The likelihood ratio test showed that the model with multi-allelic variants along with clinical and demographic data was a better fit to predict RSV severity. In summary, RSV severity was associated with hydrophilic (but not with hydrophobic) SPs gene variants. Collectively, our findings show that SP gene variants may play a key role in RSV infection and have a potential role in prognostication.
Assessment of Soft Actuators for Hand Exoskeletons: Pleated Textile Actuators and Fiber-Reinforced Silicone Actuators

Soft robotic approaches have been trialed for rehabilitation or assistive hand exoskeletons using silicone or textile actuators because they have more tolerance for alignment with biological joints than rigid exoskeletons. Textile actuators have not been previously evaluated, and this study compares the mechanical properties of textile and silicone actuators used in hand exoskeletons. The physical dimensions, the air pressure required to achieve a full bending motion, and the forces generated at the tip of the actuator were measured and compared. The results showed that the construction method of the silicone actuators is slower than the textile actuators, but it generates better dimensional accuracy. However, the air pressure required for the actuators to generate a full bending motion is significantly lower for textile actuators, and the blocking force generated at that pressure is 35% higher in the textile actuators. There are significant differences across all variables compared, indicating that actuators constructed using pleated textile techniques have greater potential for the construction of an exoskeleton for hand rehabilitation or assistance.
The Effects of Shade and Light on Corals in the Context of Coral Bleaching and Shading Technologies

The current coral reefs crisis is motivating a number of innovative projects attempting to leverage new mechanisms to avoid coral bleaching, reduce coral mortality and restore damaged reefs. Shading the reef, through seawater atomised fogging, is one tool in development to reduce levels of irradiance and temperature. To evaluate the potential viability of this concept, here we review 91 years (1930–2021) of published research looking at the effects of different levels of shade and light on coral reefs. We summarised the types of studies, places, coral species used, common responses variable measured, and types of shades used among studies. We discuss issues related to reef scale shading applicability, different methods used to measure light, standardisation methods and most importantly the positive and negative effects of shading corals.
Clinical Outcomes After Ventriculo-Peritoneal Shunting in Patients With Classic vs. Complex NPH

Objective Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a neurological condition characterized by a clinical triad of gait disturbance, cognitive impairment, and urinary incontinence in conjunction with ventriculomegaly. Other neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and vascular dementia share some overlapping clinical features. However, there is evidence that patients with comorbid NPH and Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease may still exhibit good clinical response after CSF diversion. This study aims to evaluate clinical responses after ventriculo-peritoneal shunt (VPS) in a cohort of patients with coexisting NPH and neurodegenerative disease. Methods The study has two components; (i) a pilot study was performed that specifically focused upon patients with Complex NPH and following the inclusion of the Complex NPH subtype into consideration for the clinical NPH programme, (ii) a retrospective snapshot study was performed to confirm and characterize differences between Classic and Complex NPH patients being seen consecutively over the course of 1 year within a working subspecialist NPH clinic. We studied the characteristics of patients with Complex NPH, utilizing clinical risk stratification and multimodal biomarkers. Results There was no significant difference between responders and non-responders to CSF diversion on comorbidity scales. After VPS insertion, significantly more Classic NPH patients had improved cognition compared to Complex NPH patients (p = 0.005). Improvement in gait and urinary symptoms did not differ between the groups. 26% of the Classic NPH group showed global improvement of the triad, and 42% improved in two domains. Although only 8% showed global improvement of the triad, all Complex NPH patients improved in gait. Conclusions Our study has demonstrated that the presence of neurodegenerative disorders co-existing with NPH should not be the sole barrier to the consideration of high-volume tap test or lumbar drainage via a specialist NPH programme. Further characterization of distinct cohorts of NPH with differing degrees of CSF responsiveness due to overlay from neurodegenerative or comorbidity risk burden may aid toward more precise prognostication and treatment strategies. We propose a simplistic conceptual framework to describe NPH by its Classic vs. Complex subtypes to promote the clinical paradigm shift toward subspecialist geriatric neurosurgery by addressing needs for rapid screening tools at the clinical-research interface.
Reference Data of Phase Angle Using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis in Overweight and Obese Chinese

Introduction Phase angle (PhA) is a ratio of reactance and resistance {arctangent (reactance (Xc)/resistance (R)) × (180°/π)}, which can be obtained by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). PhA indicates cellular health and integrity, and it is also considered as a prognostic tool in medical disorders and an indicator of nutritional status (especially of muscle quality) in patients with obesity. However, PhA has limited usefulness in clinical practice because of a lackness of reference values for Chinese overweight and obese populations. The main aim of this study was to show PhA reference data in different age and BMI groups by sex. In addition, we also study the association of age, sex, and BMI on PhA. Methods A total of 1729 overweight and obese participants were included in this study. PhA and body composition were measured using segmental multifrequency BIA. Differences in mean values for variables were tested by one-way analysis of variance. Multiple regression analysis was used to assess the associations of PhA with age, sex and BMI. Results Multiple regression analysis showed that age, sex and BMI were significant (P < 0.05) independent influence factors of PhA in Chinese overweight and obese adults when age and BMI were continues variables. The mean PhA value for all participants was 5.5°. Mean BMI, age, weight, height and 50kHz-PhA were significantly higher (P < 0.001) in male participants than female ones. In age groups and BMI groups, mean 50kHz-PhA was significantly higher (P < 0.005) in male participants than female ones. When age groups and BMI groups were categorical variables, multiple regression analysis showed that different age groups (46–55 years and ≥ 56 years) had a significantly lower (P < 0.005) PhA as compared with the baseline group (18-25 years) and different BMI groups (≥ 28 kg/m2) had a significantly higher (P < 0.05) PhA as compared with the baseline group (24–27.9 kg/m2). Conclusion PhA differed according to age, sex and BMI. Reference data in this study can be taken into consideration when deriving the reference values for overweight and obese Chinese populations.
AN OPTICAL–NEAR-IR STUDY OF A TRIPLET OF SUPER STAR CLUSTERS IN THE STARBURST CORE OF M82

We present HST/STIS optical and Gemini/NIFS near-IR IFU spectroscopy and archival Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging of the triplet of super star clusters (A1, A2, and A3) in the core of the M82 starburst. Using model fits to the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) spectra and the weakness of red supergiant CO absorption features (appearing at ∼6 Myr) in the NIFS H-band spectra, the ages of A2 and A3 are 4.5 ± 1.0 Myr. A1 has strong CO bands, consistent with our previously determined age of 6.4 ± 0.5 Myr. The photometric masses of the three clusters are 4–7 × 105 M☉, and their sizes are Reff = 159, 104, 59 mas (∼2.8, 1.8, 1.0 pc) for A1, A2, and A3. The STIS spectra yielded radial velocities of 320 ± 2, 330 ± 6, and 336 ± 5 km s−1 for A1, A2, and A3, placing them at the eastern end of the x2 orbits of M82's bar. Clusters A2 and A3 are in high-density (800–1000 cm−3) environments, and like A1, are surrounded by compact H ii regions. We suggest the winds from A2 and A3 have stalled, as in A1, due to the high ISM ambient pressure. We propose that the three clusters were formed in situ on the outer x2 orbits in regions of dense molecular gas subsequently ionized by the rapidly evolving starburst. The similar radial velocities of the three clusters and their small projected separation of ∼25 pc suggest that they may merge in the near future unless this is prevented by velocity shearing.
Comprehensive Analysis of the Aberrance and Functional Significance of Ferroptosis in Gastric Cancer

Objective: Ferroptosis is a type of iron-dependent necrosis related to cancer. Nevertheless, the features of ferroptosis in gastric cancer (GC) remain poorly understood. This study conducted a systematic analysis of ferroptosis regulators in GC. Methods: We gathered five GC cohorts, namely, TCGA-STAD, GSE84437, GSE62254, GSE26901, and GSE15459. Unsupervised clustering analysis was adopted to cluster GC patients into different ferroptosis subtypes based on ferroptosis regulators. Immune cell infiltration and hallmark pathway activity were estimated via ssGSEA. The ferroptosis index was developed with the PCA computational method. Response to chemotherapy agents and small molecular compounds was inferred via GDSC, CTRP, and PRISM projects. Two anti-PD-1 therapy cohorts were gathered and the potential of FPI in predicting immune response was assessed. Results: Expression profiles, genetic mutations, DNA methylation, prognostic implications, and drug sensitivity of ferroptosis regulators were characterized in GC. Three ferroptosis subtypes were clustered with distinct prognosis, hallmark pathway activity, and tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Ferroptosis levels were quantified based on the expression of prognostic ferroptosis-related signatures. The significant relationships between FPI and clinicopathological characteristics were observed. Furthermore, high FPI was in relation to poor prognosis, inflamed tumor microenvironment (TME) as well as high sensitivity to chemotherapy agents (docetaxel and cisplatin), and CTRP- and PRISM-derived compounds. Also, FPI acted as a promising predictor of immune response. Conclusion: Collectively, our findings identified a novel ferroptosis-based subtype classification of GC, and revealed the potential of ferroptosis in forming TME diversity and complexity, and guiding individualized treatment.
Treatment of Liver Fibrosis: A 20-Year Bibliometric and Knowledge-Map Analysis

Objectives: To analyze the research hotspots, evolution, and trends of the treatment of liver fibrosis in the recent 20 years, bibliometric and knowledge-map analysis were used. Methods: Publications associated with the treatment of liver fibrosis were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection on 16 April 2022. CiteSpace 5.8. R3 and VOSviewer 1.6. 18 were calculated to perform bibliometric and knowledge-map analysis. Results: A total of 72,686 authors from 200 institutions in 134 countries/regions published 15,237 studies in different academic journals. United States was the most productive country, and Shanghai Jiao Tong University was the most published institution. Trauner Michael had the most published articles, whereas Scott L. Friedman was the most frequently co-cited author. Moreover, there was frequent inter-institution cooperation between countries in the years 2015 and after, but the before years showed rare inter-institution cooperation. The journal HEPATOLOGY was both the most published publication and the most frequently co-cited one in this field. Screened keywords, such as virus infection, inflammation, oxidative stress, activation of hepatic stellate cell (HSC), and hepatocellular apoptosis, could be both therapeutic targets and pathological mechanisms in terms of liver fibrosis. Furthermore, long-term suppression of hepatitis B virus replication and the activation of HSC were the latest hotspots and topics related to the treatment of liver fibrosis. Besides, the treatments of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis were also involved in the treatment of liver fibrosis, which were both emerging topics and rapidly developing hot fields. Conclusion: This bibliometric analysis conducted a full overview of the treatment of liver fibrosis, which provided important clues and ideas for scholars focusing on this field. Not only that, the field is still in a stage of rapid development and will continue to be a research hotspot in the future.