Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Study of the operation speed of half-micron design rule CMOS ring oscillators

The operation speed of a 73-stage CMOS ring oscillator with 0.5 μm channel lengths has been investigated. By employing a capacitance-reduced structure, gate delays of 47.4 ps and 49.3 ps with and without substrate bias at room temperature, and of 43.0 ps at 77K, respectively, have been experimentally obtained at a supply voltage of 5 V. From the evaluation of parasitic capacitances, the speed which is achievable by the proper scaling of the device parameters at a half-micron design rule is estimated to be approximately 30 ps.
Design of the Automatic Diagnostician System Based on Palm Images

In order to study the feasibility of the automatic diagnostician based on the images of palm, the general framework of automatic diagnostician is designed. It is implemented after analysis of the process of image recognition of palm images by computer and the main research content of each functional module is pointed out. Using the method of image processing, some palm images are collected by scanner. After proper preprocessing, images of palm's clear borderline can be acquired. The design of the philosophy system and images preprocessing have positive significance to the development of automatic diagnostician.
Electrical generators for direct drive wave energy converters

Wave power devices traditionally use conventional rotary electrical machines for power conversion. However hydraulic systems or air turbines are required to convert the low reciprocating motion of the wave device to rotation at 1500 rpm. The concept of a direct drive system is introduced, in which a reciprocating electrical machine is driven at the same speed as the device. A linear permanent magnet synchronous machine is compared to the transverse flux machine in a basic design study for this application. The latter machine is identified as offering the best potential. Electromagnetic and electric circuit models are developed to investigate the performance of the transverse flux machine in a wave energy converter. Measures are suggested to optimise the performance of the machine.
Investigation into the temperature profile of a liquid cooled YASA© AFPM machine

The developments in Axial Flux Permanent Magnet (AFPM) machines enable higher torque and power densities and higher efficiencies, thus making it a suitable candidate for various applications such as electric road transportation or wind energy generation. Due to the fact that liquids have a higher thermal capacity than air, liquid cooling has been used in high power radial flux electrical machines. This typically involves water being passed through a series of channels in the casing, which will be in thermal contact with the stator. Such a cooling configuration presents a number of thermal resistances between the heat source and the heat sink, limiting the heat transferred and hence the performance of the machine. The knowledge developed for radial flux machines, has been transferred to the design of AFPM machines, with the cooling channels embedded in the stator iron or in the stator plate for single rotor machines. Such liquid cooled machines rely on air-cooling for the copper end windings. The scope of this work is to present a temperature profile for a pole piece for a liquid cooled stator in YASA© electric machine. A high-resolution lumped-capacity thermal model is also presented, and compared to the experiment. The paper shows how a high-resolution model can reveal much more valuable information on the thermal aspects of the stator. (8 pages)
Advanced Automatic Steering Systems for Multiple Articulated Road Vehicles

This article describes a novel automatic steering system for a 30.73m long double articulated bus equipped with three independent steer-by-wire axles. Two model-based control design approaches are proposed. The first approach uses a kinetic vehicle model to design a train-like guidance system and a force-canceling that avoids excessive mechanical stress in the joints and the chassis.While the first approach requires high computational efforts, the second approach utilizes a kinematic model to design an extended Ackermann-steering system that performs well on available electronic control units (ECU). Multi-body-system (MBS) simulations show that both approaches offer high tracking performance and low mechanical stress in the chassis of the vehicle. Furthermore, road tests with the prototype AutoTram® Extra Grand confirm the simulation results.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Integrated Sensor Concepts for Dielectric Elastomer Actuators

Actuators based on dielectric electroactive polymers (DEAP) use the electrostatic pressure to convert electric energy into strain energy. Besides this, they are also predestined for sensor applications to monitor the actual stretch state based on the deformation dependent capacitive-resistive behavior of the DEAP. Considering DEAP actuators for positioning applications, like stack- or roll-actuators, the actual position, length or stretch of the actuator is required for a precise control. Thus, integrated sensors made of DEAP can be used to determine the actual stretch state with sufficient accuracy and high dynamics on the one hand. On the other hand the electrical behavior of the DEAP transducer itself can be evaluated for the estimation of the stretch state representing a sensor-less concept. In this paper at first the state of the art of sensor-based and sensor-less concepts for determining the stretch state of DEAP transducers is presented. Afterwards the authors propose novel concepts for DEAP-based sensors integrated into stack- and roll-actuators. These concepts are compared with each other in terms of sensitivity, accuracy, dynamics and integration efforts for the realization. Finally, fundamental concepts, estimation algorithms and different approaches for monitoring the actual stretch state are presented based on the electrical parameters of a lossy DEAP transducer, which are suitable both for sensor-based and sensor-less concepts.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Advanced Metering Infrastructure based on Smart Meters

By specifically designating penetrations rates of advanced meters and communication technologies, devices and systems, this paper introduces that the penetration of advanced metering is important for the future development of electric power system infrastructure. It examines the state of the technology and the economical benefits of advanced metering. One result of the survey is that advanced metering currently has a penetration of about six percent of total installed electric meters in the United States. Applications to the infrastructure differ by type of organization. Being integrated with emerging communication technologies, smart meters enable several kinds of features such as, not only automatic meter reading but also distribution management control, outage management, remote switching, etc.
The effect of multiple conical shock waves at the engine intake on the performance of a single-mode ramjet

Supersonic single-mode ramjet performance was analyzed using a prescribed two-dimensional conical shock wave in axisymmetric supersonic flow. The ramjet under consideration for the analysis consists of a mixed compression intake, a cylindrical combustion chamber and a supersonic constant convergent–divergent nozzle. A computer program was developed to carry out the analysis based on the formation of multiple conical shock waves at the engine intake at different flight Mach numbers and different altitudes in the range of 1.5–4 Mach and 9000–18,000 m, respectively. Accordingly, a supersonic convergent–divergent nozzle was designed and consequently, the area ratios along the ramjet were calculated to find the correct dimensions for the thrust required. The analysis of the multi-shock system showed that for a given number of conical shocks and Mach numbers, the thrust decreases as the altitude increases. Also, the thrust increases at higher Mach numbers and higher number of conical shocks regardless of the altitude. Furthermore, for M > 2 . 5 , and at number of conical shocks greater than 2, thrust stays constant. The flow rate and the pressure after combustion showed similar trends as the thrust. The multi-shock system of the intake system proposed showed that a limit of a three conical shocks were sufficient for a reasonable pressure recovery for a M > 2 , while for a M < 2 , a single normal shock wave could be sufficient for different altitudes. Also, pressure recovery is unaffected by the altitude for the same Mach number and increases with lower Mach numbers. Moreover, the increase of number of conical shocks is limited to 3 where no further increase in pressure recovery could be indicated.
Unbounded Dependency Constructions

This book is about one of the most intriguing features of human communication systems: the fact that words which go together in meaning can occur arbitrarily far away from each other. The kind of long-distance dependency that this volume is concerned with has been the subject of intense linguistic and psycholinguistic research for the last half century, and offers a unique insight into the nature of grammatical structures and their interaction with cognition. The constructions in which these unbounded dependencies arise are difficult to model and come with a rather puzzling array of constraints which have defied characterization and a proper explanation. For example, there are filler-gap dependencies in which the filler phrase is a plural phrase formed from the combination of each of the extracted phrases, and there are filler-gap constructions in which the filler phrase itself contains a gap that is linked to another filler phrase. What is more, different types of filler-gap dependency can compound, in the same sentence. Conversely, not all kinds of filler-gap dependencies are equally licit; some are robustly ruled out by the grammar whereas others have a less clear status because they have graded acceptability and can be made to improve in ideal contexts and conditions. This work provides a detailed survey of these linguistic phenomena and extant accounts, while also incorporating new experimental evidence to shed light on why the phenomena are the way they are and what important research on this topic lies ahead.
Scaling of Miniature Piston-Engine Performance, Part 1: Overall Engine Performance

While considerable effort has been devoted in recent years to building miniature heat engines, relatively little attention has been paid to understanding how their performance changes with engine size. This paper presents scaling rules for the performance of miniature two-stroke piston engines that are candidates for battery replacements in miniature unmanned vehicles and man-portable electronic systems. In so doing, it quantifies the current state of the art in small engine performance and provides a means to estimate a minimum thermodynamically sensible length scale for a two-stroke engine. The scaling rules are derived from comprehensive dynamometer investigations of nine of the smallest commercially available internal combustion engines. Engine mass ranges from 15 to 500 g, displacement ranges from 0.16 to 7.5 cm3, power outputs range from 8 to 650 W, and overall efficiency ranges from 3 to 12%. Peak torque, power, and normalized power follow power law scaling relationships with engine displacement.
NN-Based Adaptive Output Feedback Stabilization via Passivation of MIMO Uncertain System

An NN-based output feedback stabilization problem is studied via passivation of a class of multi-input multi-output nonlinear systems with unknown nonlinear input matrix and unknown parameters. Neural networks are used to identify unknown nonlinearities, and the update laws of weight parameters are proposed. The design methods of the adaptive passive controllers for this class of systems are discussed in the paper. The corresponding adaptive passive controllers and parametric adaptive laws are designed and presented respectively. It is proved that the closed-loop system composed of the original system and the designed controller is stable by the Lyapunov method, and the controller designed can render the closed system adaptive passive. Finally, a simulation example is given to prove the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.
Antioxidants Profile, Oxidative Stress status, Leukogram and Selected Biochemical indicators in Dairy Cows affected with Mastitis

| This study was designed to evaluate the alterations in oxidative stress status, antioxidants profile, leucogram and some biochemical parameters in Holstein-Friesian (H-F) dairy cows suffered from acute clinical mastitis. Thirty-nine lactating H-F cows were included in this experiment. According to the findings of the clinical examination, the animals were allocated into 2 groups. The first group consisted of 26 cows affected with acute clinical mastitis, while the 2 nd group consisted of 13 apparently healthy cows with negative reactions to California mastitis test (CMT) were served as control group. Physical examination of the selected animals including milk and udder was done. Blood, serum and plasma samples were obtained. Antioxidants, Oxidative stress, leucogram and some biochemical indicators were estimated. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level was significantly increased (P<0.05) in mastitic cows than controls along with nonsignificant increase (P>0.05) in the hydrogen peroxide levels in the same group. Catalase (CAT) activities and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels were significantly decreased (P<0.05) in the mastitic group meanwhile, glutathione-s-transferase (GST) activities were insignificantly reduced in the same group. Significant elevated values (P<0.05) of total leucocytic count (TLC) along with significant reductions (P<0.05) in lymphocytes were observed in mastitic cows. Significantly reduced levels (P<0.05) of total protein (TP), globulin, calcium and phosphorus were recorded in the mastitic group as compared to controls. In summary, acute clinical mastitis in H-F cows is obviously associated with marked systemic involvement, typically severely swollen painful udder, and abnormal milk. It is also complemented with significant oxidant/antioxidant, biochemical and leukogram variations that could be used as useful indicators for dairy cows pathological status (mastitis). Oxidant-antioxidant changes explained that cows affected with acute mastitis are accompanied by marked oxidative stress that could be used as a biomarker to check the udder health status.
A neural network approach for compact cryogenic modelling of HEMTs

This paper reports on a procedure based on the use of artificial neural networks (ANN) to fully model the performance of advanced high electron mobility transistors (HEMT) operating down to cryogenic temperatures. By means of this procedure, we reproduce the DC behaviour and the scattering (S-) parameters of the device under test (DUT). The I-V curves and the S-parameters of the DUT have been compared with measurements, and a good agreement has been found for assessing the capability of the ANN structure to predict the full behaviour of the DUT. Furthermore, we have analysed in detail the performance of two typical parameters of HEMT's, namely the transconductance and the output conductance. Their values have been derived from measured data and have been compared with those obtained by the ANN approach. Both the simulated DC and RF performance have shown an accuracy degree adequate to model the device properties down to cryogenic temperatures.
A compact square microstrip antenna for circular polarization

A compact square microstrip antenna with four slits and a pair of truncated corner for circular polarization is proposed. Theoretical modal for an antenna is developed using modal cavity model and result are validated with MOM‐based simulator and earlier reported experimental results. A good agreement between the simulated, theoretical model and measured results is obtained. The proposed antenna shows about 39% reduction in antenna size as compared with the conventional circular polarized antenna. Antenna shows consistent return loss and radiation pattern for entire frequency range. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:897–900, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26746
Training simulator for retinal laser photocoagulation: a new approach for surgeons' apprenticeships

Retinal laser photocoagulation is a current practice in many eye diseases therapy. Its mastering requires a specific training usually made on actual patients with some risks. The authors present a new device aimed to deliver a complete training separated from the therapeutic practice. This training simulator is built around the actual instrument to comply with the required realism. The instrumental functionalities of the device give the residents the same operating conditions as in the actual practice. The eye fundus visualization is simulated by virtual images, based on actual fundus pictures. They are computed at the rate of 10-12 frames/second according to the adjustments and manipulations of the 3-mirror lens made by the operator. All the pictures are combined in a fundus database planned to collect a wide variety of pathologies. The pedagogical functionalities are gathered in the user's interface. The two major guidelines of the developed software was to achieve an easy to use interface and to enforce no 'school dependent' rules of valuation. This new pedagogical instrument runs on PC micro-computers which allows a low- cost technology and could provide a practical training to retinal photocoagulation without the patient. A clinical validation of its pedagogical efficiency is submitted in another abstract.
Fast response wavelength tunable filter using Vertically-Aligned Polymer-Stabilized Liquid Crystals (VA-PSLC) with a curing voltage

We present preliminary experimental results obtained for a Vertically-Aligned Polymer Stabilized Liquid Crystal (VA-PSLC) with a curing voltage. The curing voltage was found to help reduce the otherwise strong scattering effect of the VA-PSLC. This liquid crystal was placed inside a Fabry-Perot cavity to achieve a wavelength tunable filter. Wavelength tuning range was found to decrease as curing voltage increased, which is consistent with what we expected since molecules were already tilted at a large angle when the curing voltage was high. Shortening of response time was found since the polymer effect helped improve the response speed. The filters can have potential applications in wavelength tuning applications (e.g. WDM) in telecommunication systems where high speed is desirable.
Implementing Social Media - Practical Reflections from County Governments During Hurricane Matthew

Social media is an important avenue for information dissemination and public communication in emergency management. Through social media content analysis and in-depth interviews, this study explores how county level emergency management agencies use their Facebook pages to communicate with the public, using Hurricane Matthew as a case study. The findings reveal some areas of congruence between literature and practitioner experience. The results suggest that public agencies integrate flexible social media strategies, which emphasize one-way communication when the public expects larger volumes of information and directions, and two-way communication when the public might have individualized needs. Furthermore, the findings show that visual content (e.g. pictures) are more likely to garner higher levels of public engagement on Facebook. Last, the study provides several practical suggestions for content creation and interaction on social media for emergency purposes.
Measurement of the three-dimensional vibration motion of the ossicular chain in the living gerbil

In previous studies 3D motion of the middle‐ear ossicles in cat and human temporal bone were explored but models for hearing research has shifted in the last decades to smaller mammals and gerbil in particular has become a hearing model of first choice. In the present study we have measured with an optical interferometer the 3D motion of the malleus and incus in anesthetized gerbil for sound of moderate intensity (90 dB SPL) in a broad frequency range. To access the malleus and incus the pars flaccida was completely removed exposing the neck and head of the malleus and the incus from the malleus‐incus joint to the long process of the incus and the plate of the lenticular process. In a previous study an approach through a hole in the bullar wall was used to study the stapes motion so that we now have a complete picture of the middle ear motion. In both approaches vibration measurements were done at 6 to 7 points per ossicle while the angle of observation was varied over approximately 30 degrees to enable c.
A Review of the NIOSH Lifting Equation and Ergonomics Analysis

The revised NIOSH Lifting Equation developed in 1991 is an ergonomic intervention assessment tool that used to calculate the recommended weight limit (RWL) for lifting tasks and to identify the hazardous lifting tasks. But this equation application is limited to those conditions for which it was designed and the different populations have different anthropometric distributions. This research will propose a solution to determine the effect of different manual lifting tasks on biomechanical, physiological and psychophysical limitation and develop the new automatic system tool to calculate the ideal RWL for Malaysian people for the working tasks perform. This new system tool which design according to the criteria of Malaysian people can increase the safe working environment for the workers.
Application of frequency-locked servo system in laser cutting machine of optical-disks

This paper describes the application of a frequency-locked servo system in the control system of a laser cutting machine of optical disks for servo grooves and pre-formatted information. The stability of the angular velocity of the spindle is up to 5 X 10-6 and the accuracy of the track pitch is 1.6 micrometers +/- 0.03 micrometers .
Effects of Road Pricing on Freight Carrier Behaviors Analyzed with Experimental Economics

This paper uses experimental economics to examine the route choice behavior of freight carriers in peak hours and off-hours. The study finds that carriers tend to choose toll roads in peak hours to ensure on-time delivery, regardless of the type of cargo. In contrast, carriers are reluctant to choose toll roads in off-hours. For a delivery of 50 mi, the receiver's final cost is lowered by approximately 25% if the receiver switches from peak hour delivery to off-hour delivery. The paper sheds light on the route choice behaviors of freight carriers under the constraint of delivering the cargo within a given time window. Findings of this study reinforce the empirical observation of freight carrier behaviors. The study also offers a data set that can be used for further econometric analysis of the freight sector.
Queen-bee evolution for genetic algorithms

A new evolution method called queen-bee evolution is proposed for enhancing the optimisation capability of genetic algorithms. This queen-bee evolution is similar to nature in that the queen-bee plays a major role in reproduction process. Experimental results with typical problems show that queen-bee evolution makes genetic algorithms quickly approach the global optimum by enhancing exploitation and exploration of genetic algorithms.
Fast power transients in WDM optical networks with cascaded EDFAs

Power transients arising from cross-saturation in erbium-doped fibre amplifiers (EDFAs) are generally thought to be slower than 100 /spl mu/s due to the slow gain dynamics. This is a key advantage of EDFAs. The authors report on power transients of 1 dB in <3 /spl mu/s in a chain of five EDFAs. These fast power variations result from the collective behaviour of the amplifier chain.