Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Circuit OPRAM : A Unifying Framework for Statistically and Computationally Secure ORAMs and OPRAMs

An Oblivious Parallel RAM (OPRAM) provides a general method to simulate any Parallel RAM (PRAM) program, such that the resulting memory access patterns leak nothing about secret inputs. OPRAM was originally proposed by Boyle et al. as the natural parallel counterpart of Oblivious RAM (ORAM), which was shown to have broad applications, e.g., in cloud outsourcing, secure processor design, and secure multi-party computation. Since parallelism is common in modern computing architectures such as multi-core processors or cluster computing, OPRAM is naturally a powerful and desirable building block as much as its sequential counterpart ORAM is. Although earlier works have shown how to construct OPRAM schemes with polylogarithmic simulation overhead, in comparison with best known sequential ORAM constructions, all existing OPRAM schemes are (poly-)logarithmic factors more expensive. In this paper, we present a new framework in which we construct both statistically secure and computationally secure OPRAM schemes whose asymptotical performance matches the best known ORAM schemes in each setting. Since an OPRAM scheme with simulation overhead χ directly implies an ORAM scheme with simulation overhead χ, our result can be regarded as providing a unifying framework in which we can subsume all known results on statistically and computationally secure ORAMs and OPRAMs alike. Particularly for the case of OPRAMs, we also improve the state-of-the-art scheme by superlogarithmic factors. To achieve the aforementioned results requires us to combine a variety of techniques involving 1) efficient parallel oblivious algorithm design; and 2) designing tight randomized algorithms and proving measure concentration bounds about the rather involved stochastic process induced by the OPRAM algorithm.
Assessing nitrogen pressures on European surface water

The European environmental legislation on water, in particular the 2000 Water Framework Directive, requires the evaluation of nutrient pressures and the assessment of mitigation measures at the river basin scale. Models have been identified as tools that can contribute to fulfill these requirements. The objective of this research was the implementation of a modeling approach (Geospatial Regression Equation for European Nutrient losses (GREEN)) to assess the actual nitrogen pressures on surface water quality at medium and large basin scale (European scale) using readily available data. In particular the aim was to estimate diffuse nitrogen emissions into surface waters, contributions by different sources (point and diffuse) to the nitrate load in rivers, and nitrogen retention in river systems. A comprehensive database including nutrient sources and physical watershed characteristics was built at the European scale. The modeling partially or entirely covered some of the larger and more populated European river basins, including the Danube, Rhine, Elbe, Weser, and Ems in Germany, the Seine and Rhone in France, and the Meuse basin shared by France and Belgium. The model calibration was satisfactory for all basins. The source contribution to the in‐stream nitrogen load, together with the diffuse nitrogen emissions and river nitrogen retention were estimated and were found to be in the range of values reported in the literature. Finally, the model results were extrapolated to estimate the diffuse nitrogen emission and source apportionment at the European scale.
Exosomes; a Potential Source of Biomarkers, Therapy, and Cure for Type-1 Diabetes

The scourge of type-1 diabetes (T1D) is the morbidity and mortality it and its complications cause at a younger age. This propels the constant search for better diagnostic, treatment, and management strategies, with the ultimate quest being a cure for T1D. Recently, the therapeutic potential of exosomes has generated a lot of interest. Among the characteristics of exosomes of particular interest are (a) their regenerative capacity, which depends on their “origin”, and (b) their “content”, which determines the cell communication and crosstalk they influence. Other functional capacities, including paracrine and endocrine homeostatic regulation, pathogenic response ability resulting in insulin secretory defects or β-cell death under normal metabolic conditions, immunomodulation, and promotion of regeneration, have also garnered significant interest. Exosome “specificity” makes them suitable as biomarkers or predictors, and their “mobility” and “content” lend credence to drug delivery and therapeutic suitability. This review aims to highlight the functional capacities of exosomes and their established as well as novel contributions at various pathways in the onset and progression of T1D. The pathogenesis of T1D involves a complex crosstalk between insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells and immune cells, which is partially mediated by exosomes. We also examine the potential implications for type 2 diabetes (T2D), as the link in T2D has guided T1D exploration. The collective landscape presented is expected to help identify how a deeper understanding of exosomes (and their cargo) can provide a framework for actionable solutions to prevent, halt, or change the very course of T1D and its complications.
Sleep problems in children.

BACKGROUND Childhood sleep problems are common, and frequently reduce the wellbeing and functioning of both child and family. The majority of childhood sleep problems are behavioural in origin. OBJECTIVE This article outlines the aetiology and features of sleep difficulties in children, from infants to teenagers, and provides a corresponding 'toolkit' of evidence-based behavioural management strategies. DISCUSSION Childhood behavioural sleep problems manifest across age groups as various forms of difficulty initiating and/or maintaining sleep. These difficulties are often amenable to home-based behavioural interventions, which can be taught to parents and, de-pending on their developmental stage, the child or adolescent. Sustaining the intervention for sufficient sleep duration can be challenging for families. Community health practitioners play a central role in tailoring the explanation of management strategies to families and children or adolescents. Sleep diaries and education materials from evidence-based websites can assist the practitioner and family in achieving successful diagnosis and treatment.
Domains and Denotational Semantics History Accomplishments and Open Problems

model for PCF A model is inequationally fully abstract if it is based on partial orders and if deno tational approximation coincides with operational approximation where M opera tionally approximates N if in any context C such that C M and C N have base type if C M reduces to a nal answer then C N returns the same nal answer See Sto for a discussion of equationally fully abstract models Milner con structed the model using a sophisticated inverse limit where the nite models were built from operational equivalence classes of terms Nevertheless it still tells us lit tle independent of the operational equivalence relation The sequentiality problem boils down to nding interesting illuminating characterizations of Milner s model
Becoming individuals: processes of individualization and reflexivity

Abstract The article aims to show how young adults (starting with empirical research in Italy, but with the aspiration to highlight more diffuse phenomena among youth growing in the constant experience of the ‘crisis’) face the widespread injunction to be active, creative, flexible, and independent, that is, to be entrepreneurs of themselves. Young people born at the end of the last century have grown up in the midst of continuous crises – economic, health, and geopolitical – which have accentuated the tension between the social drive for personal autonomy and a growing awareness of the inability to individually solve problems that are systemic. Although the pressure to develop an entrepreneurial self and to internalize the drive for individualization may overlap with the development of a form of individualism, they can also promote new forms of sociation, based on sharing and cooperation. These forms are strongly supported by dialogical reflexivity, that is, by social conditions that promote processes of innovation and change stemming from common actions and constant confrontation with different points of view. Introducing the concept of dialogic reflexivity, the article analyses the practices that young adults put in place to support forms of individualization released from mere individualism and how social research and public policies can foster reflexive processes and create favourable conditions for youth participation and inclusion.
SDN Network Reliability Guarantee Mechanism based on Network Characteristics

The dynamic and programmable nature of SDN technology has brought challenges to network reliability, resulting in a reduction of network reliability. To solve this problem, according to the characteristics of network architecture in SDN environment, this paper designs a network reliability assurance architecture. The architecture includes three types of equipment: control center, SDN controller and repeater. In order to solve the problems of heavy load of the controller, low efficiency of message sending and receiving, and the network reliability reduction caused by the extension of the flow table distribution time, a controller reliability guarantee mechanism is designed. In order to guarantee the quality of service of network services and reduce the problem that the reliability guarantee leads to the reduction of the utilization of network resources, the reliability guarantee mechanism of the transponder is designed. From the two dimensions of the mechanism in the timeliness of exception discovery and the performance of exception handling, it is verified that the network reliability guarantee mechanism proposed in this paper has better improved the reliability of the network and ensured the safe and stable operation of network services.
A diatom‐inferred record of lake variability during the last 900 years in Lützow–Holm Bay, East Antarctica

Decadal–centennial‐scale climate variability in coastal Antarctica remains poorly understood due to the limited number of highly resolved, well‐dated records. We present a 900‐year, decadal‐scale reconstruction based on sedimentary diatoms from Lake Abi in Lützow–Holm Bay, East Antarctica. Hydrological change is inferred from diatom ecological preferences in conjunction with an existing regional training set and implies that lake water specific conductivity, depth and nitrogen availability are the key drivers of diatom assemblage change. Lake Abi underwent a series of subtle environmental changes related to these environmental variables, possibly driven by changes in catchment snow melt and the duration of seasonal ice cover. Ordination is used to trace the major patterns of change in the diatom community, with notable shifts identified between 470 and 400 and at ∼350 cal a BP (where present = CE 1950). The frequency of environmental variability at Lake Abi is broadly consistent with a record of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation during the last millennium, but contrasts with the apparent climate stability elsewhere in eastern Antarctica. Further research is required to constrain the limnological and ecological responses of lakes in coastal Antarctica to obtain more rigorous palaeoclimate reconstructions from these sites of immense potential.
Shorter neural adaptation to sounds accounts for dyslexics’ abnormal perceptual and reading dynamics

Dyslexia is a prevalent reading disability whose underlying mechanisms are still disputed. We studied the neural mechanisms underlying dyslexia using a simple frequency-discrimination task. Though participants were asked to compare the 2-tones in each trial, implicit memory of previous trials affected their responses. We hypothesized that implicit memory decays faster among dyslexics. We tested this by increasing the temporal intervals between consecutive trials, and measuring the behavioral impact and ERP responses from the auditory cortex. Dyslexics showed a faster decay of implicit memory effects on both measures, with similar time constants. Finally, faster decay also characterized dyslexics’ benefits in oral reading rate. It decreased faster as a function of the time interval from the previous reading of the same non-word. We propose that dyslexics’ shorter neural adaptation paradoxically accounts for their longer reading times, since it induces noisier and less reliable predictions for both simple and complex stimuli.
Prioritizing software regression testing using reinforcement learning and hidden Markov model

Software regression testing is an essential testing practice that ensures that changes made to the source code of an application do not affect its functionality and quality. Within this research, we introduce a novel method for prioritizing software test cases using a fusion of reinforcement learning and hidden Markov model to enhance the efficiency of the testing process. The primary objective of this research paper is to maximize the likelihood of selecting test cases that have the highest priority of uncovering defects in new code changes introduced into the codebase. To assess the efficacy of our suggested methodology, we experimented on the test cases of five web applications. Our results demonstrate that our proposed approach can accurately identify critical test cases while minimizing false positives, as evidenced by an F1 score of 0.849. This outcome can help prioritize testing efforts, saving time, and resources while improving the overall efficiency of the testing process.
Backscatter characteristics of the winter ice cover in the Beaufort Sea

The microwave backscatter statistics of the sea ice cover in the winter Beaufort Sea are characterized using C band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data collected by the European Earth Resources Satellite 1. Sea ice backscatter signatures were sampled from SAR image data collected during the winter of 1991–1992 and winter of 1992–1993. The spatial and temporal variabilities of the backscatter signatures of different ice types are discussed. The results show considerable seasonal stability of the backscatter signature of multiyear ice as well as of first-year ice. Small amplitude regional variations of the multiyear ice backscatter can be observed. Consistent contrast between multiyear ice and first-year ice is maintained throughout the season. The highest radiometric variability is observed in sea ice in leads. On the basis of these observations the backscatter from the principal ice types (multiyear and first-year) are consistent with scatterometer observations and can be easily identified under winter conditions. Correlations of the regional variations of multiyear ice signatures to physical processes are suggested.
Experimental Investigations to Detection of Liver Cancer Using ResUNet

The detection and identification of cancerous tissue is currently a time-consuming and challenging process. The segmentation of liver lesions from cancer CT images can aid in treatment planning and clinical response monitoring. This study employs Residual U-Net, a powerful tool that has been adapted and applied for the segmentation of liver tumors, addressing the ongoing challenge in liver cancer diagnosis. Segmentation of liver lesions in CT images can be utilized to assess tumor burden, predict therapeutic outcomes, and monitor clinical response. In this research, the liver was extracted from the CT image using ResUNet, and the tumor was subsequently segmented using another ResUNet applied to the extracted Region of Interest (ROI). This approach effectively extracts features from Inception by combining residual and pre-trained weights. The deep learning system elucidates the underlying concept by highlighting the components contributing to the inner layer analysis and prediction, and by revealing a section of the decision-making process employed by pre-trained deep neural networks.
Hepatitis B Virus Genotype H: Epidemiological, Molecular, and Clinical Characteristics in Mexico

The hepatitis B virus (HBV), comprising of ten genotypes (A-J), has been a silent threat against humanity, constituting a public health problem worldwide. In 2016, the World Health Organization set forth an impressive initiative for the global elimination of viral hepatitis by 2030. As the target date approaches, many nations, particularly in the Latin American region, face challenges in designing and implementing their respective elimination plan. This review aimed to portray the state of knowledge about the epidemiological, molecular, and clinical characteristics of HBV genotype H (HBV/H), endemic to Mexico. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched to compile scientific literature over 50 years (1970–2022). A total of 91 articles were organized into thematic categories, addressing essential aspects such as epidemiological data, risk factors, HBV genotype distribution, HBV mixed infections, clinical characteristics, and vaccination. The prevalence and its associated 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were estimated using the Metafor package in R programming language (version 4.1.2). We provide insights into the strengths and weaknesses in diagnostics and prevention measures that explain the current epidemiological profile of HBV/H. Training, research, and awareness actions are required to control HBV infections in Mexico. These actions should contribute to creating more specific clinical practice guides according to the region’s characteristics. Mexico’s elimination plan for HBV will require teamwork among the government health administration, researchers, physicians, specialists, and civil society advocates to overcome this task jointly.
The Effect of Workplace Bullying on Employees' Work Attitudes during Occupational Adjustment Period

In recent years, workplace bullying has attracted the attention of researchers all over the world and become a hot topic in academic research. After more than 20 years of research and development, the field of workplace bullying has accumulated relatively rich theoretical and empirical results. However, in China, the research on workplace bullying started late, and relevant theories and empirical studies are relatively few. Bullying in the workplace is a problem that Chinese enterprises pay little attention to, especially for the employees who adapt to the occupation period. Because of the transition from student to employee, these employees will encounter various issues. Whether they can successfully survive the adaptation period is not only closely related to their career, but also closely related to the development and growth of the enterprise. Therefore, this paper chooses the employees in the career adaptation period as the research object to explore the influence of workplace bullying on their work attitude, which has important theoretical and practical significance.
Humates As Revealed by NMR Spectroscopy

Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta, dell’Ambientee delle Produzioni Animali and Centro Interdipartimentale diRicerca per la Spettroscopia di Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare(CERMANU), Universita` di Napoli Federico II, Via Universita`100, 80055 Portici, ItalyReceived October 4, 2008. Revised manuscript receivedJanuary 27, 2009. Accepted February 10, 2009.
Regulatory Variation in Gene Expression Patterns in Rice Under Drought Stress

Identification of genes involved in drought stress response process is a challenging task as the trait is controlled by many genes dispersed across the genome with complex regulation. In the post genomics era, identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) has become possible at many functionally linked genes governing the target trait. Further, SNPs having possible association with drought tolerance are invaluable to facilitate marker assisted selection (MAS). We attempted to identify such SNPs using genomic and molecular genetic approaches using eight rice cultivars with well characterized phenotype with reference to drought tolerance. A total of 200 genomic regions were sequence characterized and deposited in the public domain (dbSNP, NCBI, Handle ARR-VBREDDY). Screening of more than one million bases at the targeted sites revealed many informative sites which were mapped on to the rice genome. A majority of the SNPs i.e. 1203 are found in the promoter regions. With the SNPs identified at different targeted regions, we have attempted to develop allele sharing maps of candidate genes, and integrating with sequence and genetic map as well. Further, these SNPs were integrated with abiotic stress responsive QTLs and allele sharing maps. All such SNPs found in the promoter regions of the targeted genes were analyzed for their association with cis acting regulatory regions. Forty of these SNPs are found to be associated with various cis elements, and interestingly, 23 are found to be associated with abiotic stress response related elements such as Myb, Myc, CRT/DRE, WRKY, ABRE, and CORE etc. The implications of these observations will be discussed Media Summary: Identification of SNPs at gene loci, particularly, in regulatory elements, associated with drought tolerance will help in developing precise tools for molecular marker assisted selection in rice.
TtCHrlO / Odl ' BMP test on chemically pretreated sludge

Municipal waste activated sludge (WAS) was treated with NaOH to solubilize the particulate organic matter in order to improve its digestibility when the sludge was stabilized in an anaerobic digestion process. For the WAS of 1% TS treated with 20 and 40meq/1 NaOH at ambient temperature for 24h, the SCOD/TCOD values increased from 3.5 to 39 and 55%, respectively. Results of the BMP (biochemical methane potential) test showed that recoveries of carbon and nitrogen reached 94-105% and the methane produced was 349 ml (at 1 atm and 35°C) for 1 g of COD removed. The improvement in VS removal for sludge treated with 40 meq/1 of NaOH was as high as 41% over the control sludge sample, with COD removal and gas production improved by 30 and 34%, respectively, over the control. Results of the cumulative COD removal appeared to follow first-order reaction kinetics. Parameters of the first-order model such as ultimate biodegradable COD (L.), reaction rate coefficient (k) and ultimate biodegradability (/t), were calculated using the Thomas method. The BMP test can be used as a valuable tool to study the kinetics and efficiency of anaerobic digestion processes. © 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Preliminary result of ozone observations at Syowa Station from February 1982 to January 1983

Le contenu total d'ozone a ete mesure par l'extinction du rayonnement solaire l'ete et du rayonnement lunaire, l'hiver ainsi qu'a l'aide de 49 sondages d'ozonosonde. Une augmentation de la teneur a ete observee durant un rechauffement stratospherique
Broadband Analysis of Sample Permittivity on a Conductor-Backed Coplanar Waveguide

Understanding the interaction of electric fields with biosystems and developing biomedical diagnostic and therapeutic methods require knowledge of the dielectric properties of biomolecular systems. However, the large sample volumes needed for complex permittivity analysis hinder progress in this area. To address this issue, this paper presents a novel method for obtaining a broadband complex permittivity using a conductor-backed coplanar waveguide, which enables the measurement of dielectric properties of very small sample volumes (in the order of μL) and an explicit formula for complex permittivity. The method is validated using S-parameters of an aqueous solution of L-alanine at different concentrations and compared with an independent reference method.