Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulations of interfacial instabilities on a rotating miscible magnetic droplet with effects of Korteweg stresses

Interfacial instability of a miscible magnetic droplet in a rotating Hele-Shaw cell is simulated numerically. The influence of magnetic strengths, the Korteweg stresses, and their coupled effects are first discussed qualitatively by fingering patterns and streamlines. Quantitative measurements are evaluated by interfacial length L, number of fingers n, and diameter of gyration Dg. The results confirm with coupling rotational effects more vigorous fingering instability occurs on stronger magnetic strengths and less effective surface tensions (Korteweg stresses). Without the effects of Korteweg stresses, significant nonlinear fingering merges occur which lead to reduction in fingering number, early decay of interfacial length and reversed plane trajectories. Before the occurrence of fingering merges, monotonic growths of interfacial lengths, constant fingering numbers, and nearly linear pattern trajectories are observed. If the significant Korteweg stresses are taken into account, the nonlinear merge is pre.
DISCRIMINATIVE TEMPORAL FEATURE EXTRACTION FOR ROBUST SPEECH RECOGNITION

A discriminative temporal feature processing method for robust speech recognition is presented by combining the knowledge and the statistical methods. The cepstral features are first filtered by a RASTA method based on human hearing perception and then processed using the minimum classification error algorithm. Improved recognition performance can be achieved in both quiet and noisy environments.
Cascading effects of soil organic and inorganic fertilizers on tri‐trophic interactions: Plant–aphid–parasitoid wasp as a study system

Understanding the mechanisms underlying tri‐trophic interactions between insect herbivores, their host plants and natural enemies is an important aim in ecology. In the present study, the effect of urea fertilizer and vermicompost on a tri‐trophic level cascade, comprising safflower, Carthamus tinctorius, safflower aphid, Uroleucon carthami and its primary parasitoid wasp, Praon yomenae, was investigated. Vermicompost increased the number of leaves, leaf area, fresh weight, dry weight, the total number of aphids and reduced the number of winged aphids and aphid load (Aphid load = number of aphids / plant fresh weight). Only two variables, plant phenol content and relative water content, were not significantly affected by vermicompost. Urea fertilizer had no impact on all variables except a significant effect on plant height. In another experiment, the effect of urea fertilizer and vermicompost on the wasp parasitoid was studied. The number of parasitoid mummies, mummification time, developmental time, the number of emerged adults, sex ratio, percentage of parasitism and hind tibia length was measured. Vermicompost had no significant effect on any of the measured parameters, but urea fertilizer increased the hind tibia length of the parasitoid. Vermicompost increased plant growth parameters and had an indirect and inhibiting effect on the safflower aphid itself. There was evidence of a bottom‐up cascade to the third trophic level by adding fertilizers in this system: Urea fertilizer enhanced plant height but seemingly had no impact on the attacking herbivore. It is interesting that the effect of urea can be transferred to the third trophic level, that is parasitoid. This suggests that vermicompost could be used simultaneously with urea fertilizer, because urea fertilizer had a positive impact on the parasitoid and vermicompost had a positive impact on plant growth as well as the ability to reduce aphid load.
Effects of Magnetic Field and Thermal Radiation on Stagnation Flow and Heat Transfer of a Power-Law Fluid over a Shrinking Sheet

An analysis is made on the steady two-dimensional boundary layer magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stagnation-point flow and radiative heat transfer of an electrically conducting power-law fluid over a shrinking sheet which is shrunk in its own plane with a velocity proportional to the distance from a fixed point. The similarity transformations are used to transform the boundary layer equations into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations which are then solved numerically using shooting technique. It is found that multiple solutions exist for a certain range of the ratio of the shrinking velocity to the free stream velocity (i.e., α) which again depends on the magnetic parameter (M) and the power-law index parameter (n). The results pertaining to the present study indicate that as the strength of the magnetic parameter increases, the range of α where similarity solutions exist gradually increases. It is also observed that the temperature at a point decreases with increase in M for the first solution branch, whereas it increases with increase in M for the second solution branch. The reported results are in good agreement with the available published work in the literature.
Arsenic and mercury tolerant rhizobacteria that can improve phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soils

Background Mining deposits often contain high levels of toxic elements such as mercury (Hg) and arsenic (As) representing strong environmental hazards. The purpose of this study was the isolation for plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPBs) that can improve phytoremediation of such mine waste deposits. Methods We isolated native soil bacteria from the rhizosphere of plants of mine waste deposits and agricultural land that was previously mine tailings from Tlalpujahua Michoacán, Mexico, and were identified by their fatty acid profile according to the MIDI Sherlock system. Plant growth promoting traits of all bacterial isolates were examined including production of 3-indoleacetic acid (IAA), siderophores, biofilm formation, and phosphate solubilization. Finally, the response of selected bacteria to mercury and arsenic was examined an in-vitro assay. Results A total 99 bacterial strains were isolated and 48 identified, representing 34 species belonging to 23 genera. Sixty six percent of the isolates produced IAA of which Pseudomonas fluorescens TL97 produced the most. Herbaspirillum huttiense TL36 performed best in terms of phosphate solubilization and production of siderophores. In terms of biofilm formation, Bacillus atrophaeus TL76 was the best. Discussion Most of the bacteria isolates showed high level of tolerance to the arsenic (as HAsNa2O4 and AsNaO2), whereas most isolates were susceptible to HgCl2. Three of the selected bacteria with PGP traits Herbispirillum huttiense TL36, Klebsiella oxytoca TL49 and Rhizobium radiobacter TL52 were also tolerant to high concentrations of mercury chloride, this might could be used for restoring or phytoremediating the adverse environmental conditions present in mine waste deposits.
Bacterial volatiles elicit differential olfactory responses in insect species from the same and different trophic levels

Insect communities consist of species from several trophic levels that have to forage for suitable resources among and within larger patches of nonresources. To locate their resources, insects use diverse stimuli, including olfactory, visual, acoustic, tactile and gustatory cues. While most research has focused on cues derived from plants and other insects, there is mounting evidence that insects also respond to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by microorganisms. However, to date little is known about how the olfactory response of insects within and across different trophic levels is affected by bacterial VOCs. In this study, we used Y‐tube bioassays and chemical analysis of VOCs to assess how VOCs emitted by bacteria affect the olfactory response of insects of the same and different trophic levels. Experiments were performed using two aphid species (Amphorophora idaei Börner and Myzus persicae var. nicotianae Blackman), three primary parasitoid species (Aphidius colemani Viereck, A. ervi Haliday, and A. matricariae Viereck), and two hyperparasitoid species (Asaphes suspensus Nees and Dendrocerus aphidum Rondani). Olfactory responses were evaluated for three bacterial strains (Bacillus pumilus ST18.16/133, Curtobacterium sp. ST18.16/085, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus ST18.16/160) that were isolated from the habitat of the insects. Results revealed that insects from all trophic levels responded to bacterial volatiles, but olfactory responses varied between and within trophic levels. All bacteria produced the same set of volatile compounds, but often in different relative concentrations. For 11 of these volatiles we found contrasting correlations between their concentration and the behavior of the primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids. Furthermore, olfactometer experiments on three of these compounds confirmed the contrasting olfactory responses of primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids. The potential of these findings for the development of novel semiochemical‐based strategies to improve biological aphid control has been discussed.
Phase locking between light pulses and a resonant tunneling diode oscillator

We report the phase locking of an oscillating GaAs/AlGaAs resonant tunneling diode (RTD) to a train of optical pulses. Locking was achieved by direct illumination of a specially designed RTD with a diode laser pulse train. Locking occurs at all rational frequency ratios and with excitation energies as low as 0.1 pJ/pulse for the principle lock.
Urinary 8-oxoGuo as a potential novel evaluation index for patients with nephrotic syndrome

Abstract Urinary 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine (8-oxoGuo) and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′- deoxyguanosine (8-oxodGuo) are considered biomarkers of oxidative stress, and patients with nephrotic syndrome have been reported to have increased oxidative stress levels. In this study, we aimed to assess the value of 8-oxoGuo and 8-oxodGuo as novel biomarkers to evaluate the severity of nephrotic syndrome. In total, 107 patients with nephrotic syndrome and 116 healthy controls were recruited for this study. The concentrations of urinary 8-oxoGuo and 8-oxodGuo were measured using isotope-labeled liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Urinary creatinine was used to regulate 8-oxoGuo and 8-oxodGuo concentrations. Urinary 8-oxoGuo and 8-oxoGuo/Cr levels in patients with nephrotic syndrome were significantly higher than those in healthy control participants. 8-oxoGuo/Cr showed a positive correlation with the 24 h urinary total protein (UTP) and UTP levels and negative correlations with serum total protein and albumin levels. After treatment, urinary 8-oxoGuo and 8-oxoGuo/Cr levels were significantly lower in the group with a low 24 h-UTP value (<3.5 g/d) than in the high value group. 8-oxoGuo can be used as a feasible and reliable biomarker for the assessment of nephrotic syndrome. Highlights Urinary 8-oxoGuo level was significantly increased in patients with nephrotic syndrome. Urinary 8-oxoGuo level increased with an increase in plasma protein and a decrease in urine protein. Urinary 8-oxoGuo level decreased with nephrotic syndrome remission when urinary microalbumin showed no significant change. Urinary 8-oxoGuo level can be used as novel biomarkers of nephrotic syndrome.
Universality of the high-temperature viscosity limit of silicate liquids

We investigate the high-temperature limit of liquid viscosity by analyzing measured viscosity curves for 946 silicate liquids and 31 other liquids including metallic, molecular, and ionic systems. Our results show no systematic dependence of the high-temperature viscosity limit on chemical composition for the studied liquids. Based on the Mauro-Yue-Ellison-Gupta-Allan (MYEGA) model of liquid viscosity, the high-temperature viscosity limit of silicateliquidsis10 −2.93 Pa·s.Havingestablishedthisvalue,thereareonlytwoindependentparametersgoverning the viscosity-temperature relation, namely, the glass transition temperature and fragility index.
5S rRNA pseudogene transcripts are associated with interferon production and inflammatory responses in alcohol-associated hepatitis

Background and Aims: Interferon (IFN) signaling is critical to the pathogenesis of alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH), yet the mechanisms for activation of this system are elusive. We hypothesize that host-derived 5S rRNA pseudogene (RNA5SP) transcripts regulate IFN production and modify immunity in AH. Approach and Results: Mining of transcriptomic datasets revealed that in patients with severe alcohol-associated hepatitis (sAH), hepatic expression of genes regulated by IFNs was perturbed and gene sets involved in IFN production were enriched. RNA5SP transcripts were also increased and correlated with expression of type I IFNs. Interestingly, inflammatory mediators upregulated in sAH, but not in other liver diseases, were positively correlated with certain RNA5SP transcripts. Real-time quantitative PCR demonstrated that RNA5SP transcripts were upregulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with sAH. In sAH livers, increased 5S rRNA and reduced nuclear MAF1 (MAF1 homolog, negative regulator of RNA polymerase III) protein suggested a higher activity of RNA polymerase III (Pol III); inhibition of Pol III reduced RNA5SP expression in monocytic THP-1 cells. Expression of several RNA5SP transcript-interacting proteins was downregulated in sAH, potentially unmasking transcripts to immunosensors. Indeed, siRNA knockdown of interacting proteins potentiated the immunostimulatory activity of RNA5SP transcripts. Molecular interaction and cell viability assays demonstrated that RNA5SP transcripts adopted Z-conformation and contributed to ZBP1-mediated caspase-independent cell death. Conclusions: Increased expression and binding availability of RNA5SP transcripts was associated with hepatic IFN production and inflammation in sAH. These data identify RNA5SP transcripts as a potential target to mitigate inflammation and hepatocellular injury in AH.
Backward walking observational training improves gait ability in patients with chronic stroke: randomised controlled pilot study.

Backward walking has a positive effect on gait ability. Action observational training is an effective treatment method for stroke neurological disorders. This randomised comparator-controlled pilot study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of backward walking observational training on the gait ability of chronic stroke patients. Fourteen chronic stroke participants were randomly allocated to the experimental group (backward walking observation; n = 7) and control group (landscape observation; n = 7). Both groups performed conventional therapy 5 days/week; then the backward walking observation and landscape observation + backward walking training groups performed the observational training 3 days/week for 4 weeks. The primary outcome was measured dynamic gait index, 10-m walking test, and timed up and go test time. Both groups showed significant increases in dynamic gait index, 10-m walking test, and timed up and go test time. The experimental group showed more significant improvements in dynamic gait index (P = 0.04, η = 0.336), 10-m walking test (P = 0.04, η = 0.306), and timed up and go test time (P = 0.03, η = 0.334) than the control group. This pilot study demonstrated that conventional therapy with backward walking observational training improves gait ability. Our findings suggest that observing an action may have a positive effect on chronic stroke patients.
Distance judgments of nearby sources in a reverberant room: Effects of stimulus envelope

Localization was measured for nearby sources with abrupt or slow rise/fall times in a reverberant space. A recent model of distance perception [A. W. Bronkhorst and T. Houtgast, Nature 397, 517–520 (1999)] suggests that perceived distance is computed from the room impulse response. The model assumes that energy in the onset of the impulse response (primarily from the direct sound, varying with distance) is compared to late energy (primarily from the reverberation, roughly independent of distance). However, other results suggest that subjects are poor at deconvolving transfer function and sound source characteristics [Rakerd et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 106, 2812–2820 (1999)]. Taken together, these results suggest that subjects cannot use the transfer function, but estimate source distance from some statistic closely related to that proposed in the model (e.g., the ratio of initial to late energy in the total waveform at the ear). For impulsive sounds, such a simpler statistic yields results similar to those of the model; however, distance judgments would be significantly degraded for sources with slow onsets. However, subjects were equally good at judging distance, independent of characteristics of the stimulus envelope. [Work supported in part by AFOSR Grant No. F49620‐98‐1‐0108. ]
Phase 1 Clinical Results for NP10679, a pH‐sensitive GluN2B‐selective N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate Receptor Inhibitor

NP10679 is a context‐dependent and subunit‐selective negative allosteric modulator of N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors. It is a more potent inhibitor of GluN2B‐containing NMDA receptors at the acidic levels of extracellular pH (eg, 6.9) found in the penumbral regions associated with cerebral ischemia than at physiological pH. This property allows NP10679 to act selectively in ischemic tissue while minimizing the nonselective blockade of NMDA receptors in healthy brain, thereby reducing on‐target adverse effects. We report the results of a first‐in‐human pharmacokinetic and safety phase 1 clinical trial in healthy volunteers receiving single or multiple doses of NP10679 (NCT04007263). We found that NP10679 was well‐tolerated and with a half‐life of 20 hours, which is amenable to once per day dosing. The only notable side effect in this clinical trial was modest somnolence at higher doses, atypical in that the subject could easily be aroused. The overall results suggest that NP10679 is a candidate for further development for use in acute brain injury, such as ischemic stroke or aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, as well as for use in neuropsychiatric indications.
Dislocation energy and Peierls stress: a rigorous calculation from the lattice theory

In the classical Peierls–Nabarro (P-N) theory of dislocation, there is a long-standing contradiction that the stable configuration of dislocation has maximum energy rather than minimum energy. In this paper, the dislocation energy is calculated rigorously in the context of the full lattice theory. It is found that besides the misfit energy considered in the classical P-N theory, there is an extra elastic strain energy that is also associated with the discreteness of lattice. The contradiction can be automatically removed provided that the elastic strain energy associated with the discreteness is taken into account. This elastic strain energy is very important because its magnitude is larger than the misfit energy, its sign is opposite to the misfit energy. Since the elastic strain energy and misfit energy associated with discreteness cancel each other and the width of dislocation becomes wide in the lattice theory, the Peierls energy, which measures the height of the effective potential barrier, becomes much smaller than that given in the classical P-N theory. The results calculated here agree with experimental data. Furthermore, based on the results obtained, a useful formula of the Peierls stress is proposed to fully include the discreteness effects.
Palm vein recognition based on directional empirical mode decomposition

Abstract. Directional empirical mode decomposition (DEMD) has recently been proposed to make empirical mode decomposition suitable for the processing of texture analysis. Using DEMD, samples are decomposed into a series of images, referred to as two-dimensional intrinsic mode functions (2-D IMFs), from finer to large scale. A DEMD-based (2-D)2 linear discriminant analysis (LDA) for palm vein recognition is proposed. The proposed method progresses through three steps: (i) a set of 2-D IMF features of various scale and orientation are extracted using DEMD, (ii) the (2-D)2LDA method is then applied to reduce the dimensionality of the feature space in both the row and column directions, and (iii) the nearest neighbor classifier is used for classification. We also propose two strategies for using the set of 2-D IMF features: ensemble DEMD vein representation (EDVR) and multichannel DEMD vein representation (MDVR). In experiments using palm vein databases, the proposed MDVR-based (2-D)2LDA method achieved recognition accuracy of 99.73%, thereby demonstrating its feasibility for palm vein recognition.
Effect of rapeseed meal degraded by enzymolysis and fermentation on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and health status of broilers

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to investigate the nutritional changes of degraded rapeseed meal and its effects on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and health status of broilers. Raw rapeseed meal (CON), degraded by enzymolysis (protease, ERM), fermentation (Bacillus subtilis, FRM) or both (DRM) were included in diets at 25% and fed to 480 yellow-feathered broilers at 22–63 d of age. Results showed that rapeseed peptide contents (≤1 kDa) were increased (p < 0.05) from 4.13% (CON) to 35.5% (ERM), 24.1% (FRM) and 50.4% (DRM); glucosinolate and erucic acid in DRM were decreased (p < 0.05) by 71.6% and 86.2%, respectively, compared to CON. There were increases (p ≤ 0.029) in feed intake, body weight gain, feed efficiency and precaecal digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, cysteine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, threonine, tryptophan and valine in the three degraded diets. Also, serum immunoglobulin (Ig) A, IgG, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase were raised (p ≤ 0.034) in the degraded diets. Additionally, DRM showed more pronounced effects (p < 0.05) on variables related to growth, digestibility and health than ERM and FRM. It is concluded that rapeseed meal degraded by both enzymolysis and fermentation can increase its nutritional values and application in broilers.