Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Submerged jets in short cylindrical flow vessels

Liquid-into-liquid jets in short cylindrical vessels have been investigated under conditions of uniform flow by using an aqueous blue tracer solution in conjunction with tránsparent cylindrical tanks. The vessels had diameters D of 3, 6, 12 and 24in. , length-to-diameter ratios L/D of 1, 2 and 3 and inlet diameters d between ¼ and 1 in. Reynolds numbers in the inlet tube, Rei, ranged between 100 and 28,000. Four main types of jet were observed: \[ \begin{array}{@{}l@{\qquad}l@{\quad}l@{}} & \hbox{dissipated-laminar jets} & (Re_i < 300\;\hbox{approx}.);\\ & \hbox{fully laminar jets} & (300 < Re_i < 1000\;\hbox{approx}.);\\ & \hbox{semi-turbulent jets} & (1000 < Re_i < 3000\;\hbox{approx}.);\\ \hbox{and} & \hbox{fully turbulent jets} & (Re_i > 3000). \end{array} \] The laminar length a of sub-turbulent jets was investigated and correlated with Rei and the geometric parameters by the equation \[ a/d = 9.97 \times 10^7 Re_i^{-2.46}(D/d)^{-0.48} (L/d)^{0.74}. \]
Análisis del uso de Twitter como plataforma estratégica de diálogo: las empresas del IBEX35 y la difusión de mensajes sobre COVID

El trabajo analiza la comunicación realizada por parte de empresas del IBEX35 en situaciones de crisis para determinar los mecanismos que tratan de favorecer el diálogo entre organizaciones y sus stakeholders. La muestra la componen los tuits que incluyen la palabra covid y que han sido emitidos por las 27 compañías del IBEX 35 que disponían de perfiles corporativos verificados en la plataforma social Twitter durante los primeros 6 meses de la pandemia COVID-19. Tomando en consideración los principios dialógicos establecidos por Kent y Taylor (1998), que fueron adaptados por Rybalko y Seltzer (2010) para Twitter, se realizó una adaptación para establecer indicadores que aplicar en la conversación establecida en la plataforma. Para analizar las diferencias de interacción se ha utilizado la prueba t para muestras independientes y el ANOVA de un factor. Los resultados muestran que las empresas mantienen un interés por relacionarse con sus públicos pero que siguen tratando temas que no son del interés de los usuarios, lo que dificulta que exista una diálogo o conversación entre empresas y stakeholders. El artículo demuestra que los recursos más utilizados por las empresas en situaciones de crisis son la llamada a la acción y al diálogo, ya sea planteando preguntas a sus usuarios o sugiriendo la interacción deseada. Mientras que preguntar directamente a los usuarios sus opiniones no genera más diálogo, los resultados demuestran que solicitar actitudes, como comentar, difundir una imagen o dar un me gusta sí que aumenta la interacción. Esto implica que existe interés bajo por parte de los públicos por unirse a una conversación real.
A Bayesian Approach to Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling With Continuous and Dichotomous Outcomes

Multilevel Structural equation models are most often estimated from a frequentist framework via maximum likelihood. However, as shown in this article, frequentist results are not always accurate. Alternatively, one can apply a Bayesian approach using Markov chain Monte Carlo estimation methods. This simulation study compared estimation quality using Bayesian and frequentist approaches in the context of a multilevel latent covariate model. Continuous and dichotomous variables were examined because it is not yet known how different types of outcomes—most notably categorical—affect parameter recovery in this modeling context. Within the Bayesian estimation framework, the impact of diffuse, weakly informative, and informative prior distributions were compared. Findings indicated that Bayesian estimation may be used to overcome convergence problems and improve parameter estimate bias. Results highlight the differences in estimation quality between dichotomous and continuous variable models and the importance of prior distribution choice for cluster-level random effects.
A novel 2D-to-3D conversion technique based on relative height-depth cue

We present a simple depth estimation framework for 2D-to-3D media conversion. The perceptual depth information from monocular image is estimated by the optimal use of relative height cue, which is one of well-known depth recovery cues. The height depth cue is very common in photographic images. We propose a novel line tracing method and depth refinement filter as core of our depth estimation framework. The line tracing algorithm traces strong edge positions to generate an initial staircase depth map. The initial depth map is further improved by a recursive depth refinement filter. We present visual results from depth estimation and stereo image generation.
Computational Aspects Related to Martingale Estimating Functions for a Discretely Observed Diffusion

Martingale estimating functions for a discretely observed diffusion have turned out to provide estimators with nice asymptotic properties. However, their expression usually involves some conditional expectation that has to be evaluated through Monte Carlo simulations giving rise to an approximated estimator. In this work we study, for ergodic models, the asymptotic properties of the approximated estimator and describe the influence of the number of independent simulated trajectories involved in the Monte Carlo method as well as of the approximation scheme used. Our results are of practical relevance to assess the implementation of martingale estimating functions for discretely observed diffusions.
Sensor-Based Filtering of Stochastic Distributed Parameter Systems

This Paper Proposes a Scheme for Filtering of Stochastic Distributed Parameter Systems. it is Assumed that a Real-Time Environment Consists of m Groups of Sensors, each of which Provides Necessarily State Spatially Measurements from Sensing Devices. Base on Lyapunov Stability Theorem and Itô formula, a Class of Distributed Adaptive Filters with Penalty Terms Result in the State Errors Forming a Stable Evolution System and Asymptotically Converge to Stochastic Distributed Parameter Systems, and then the Preferable State Estimation is Derived. Numerical Simulation Demonstrates the Effectiveness of the Proposed Method.
Effect of ferrite addition above the base ferrite on the coupling factor of wireless power transfer for vehicle applications

Power transfer capability of wireless power transfer systems is highly dependent on the magnetic design of the primary and secondary inductors and is measured quantitatively by the coupling factor. The inductors are designed by placing the coil over a ferrite base to increase the coupling factor and reduce magnetic emissions to the surroundings. Effect of adding extra ferrite above the base ferrite at different physical locations on the self-inductance, mutual inductance, and coupling factor is under investigation in this paper. The addition can increase or decrease the mutual inductance depending on the placement of ferrite. Also, the addition of ferrite increases the self-inductance of the coils, and there is a probability for an overall decrease in the coupling factor. Correct placement of ferrite, on the other hand, can increase the coupling factor relatively higher than the base ferrite as it is closer to the other inductor. Ferrite being a heavy compound of iron increases the inductor weight signifi.
Centrifugal Settling of Polydisperse Suspensions with a Continuous Particle Size Distribution: A Generalized Kinetic Description

The settling of a polydisperse suspension with a continuous particle size distribution (PSD) can be modeled by an equation of the generalized kinetic theory, which represents the limit case of a system of conservation laws for a finite number of size classes. A previous model of gravity settling of such a mixture is extended to settling in a rotating tube or basket centrifuge. A numerical scheme to approximate solutions of the generalized kinetic equation is defined and simulations are presented, illustrating the formation of sediment and the effect of various centrifuge geometries. In particular, the model predicts the radial variation of the composition of the sediment forming at the outer wall.
Dual Structural Consistency Preserving Community Detection on Social Networks

Community detection on social networks is a fundamental and crucial task in the research field of social computing. Here we propose DSCPCD—a dual structural consistency preserving community detection method to uncover the hidden community structure, which is designed regarding two criteria: 1) users interact with each other in a manner combining uncertainty and certainty; 2) original explicit network (two linked users are friends) and potential implicit network (two linked users have common friends) should have a consistent community structure, i.e., dual structural consistency. Particularly, DSCPCD formulates each user in a social network as an individual in an evolutionary game associated with community-aware payoff settings, where the community state evolves under the guidance of replicator dynamics. To further seek each user's membership, we develop a happiness index to measure all users’ satisfaction towards two community structures in explicit and implicit networks, meanwhile, the dual community structural consistency between the two networks is also characterized. Specifically, each user is assumed to maximize the happiness bounded by the evolutionary community state. We evaluate DSCPCD on several real-world and synthetic datasets, and the results show that it can yield substantial performance gains in terms of detection accuracy over several baselines.
A fourth-generation cryogenic gravitational antenna

Large metallic cylinders with a mass of several tons have been cooled to liquid helium temperatures and recently down to T ∼ 100 mK leading to the most sensitive gravitational wave detector (NAUTILUS). The sensitivity is still not enough to detect waves from distances so large that the number of events becomes several per year. Cooling spherical detectors with a mass around 100 tons to temperatures around 10 mK could achieve this goal giving rise to a new astronomy.
Channeling the Future of Pathogenicity Prediction for Genetic Variants in Epilepsy

Conserved Patterns Across Ion Channels Correlate With Variant Pathogenicity and Clinical Phenotypes Brünger T, Pérez-Palma E, Montanucci L, Nothnagel M, Møller RS, Schorge S, Zuberi S, Symonds J, Lemke JR, Brunklaus A, Traynelis SF, May P, Lal D. Brain. 2022:awac305. doi:10.1093/brain/awac305. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 36036558. Clinically identified genetic variants in ion channels can be benign or cause disease by increasing or decreasing the protein function. Consequently, therapeutic decision-making is challenging without molecular testing of each variant. Our biophysical knowledge of ion channel structures and function is just emerging, and it is currently not well understood which amino acid residues cause disease when mutated. We sought to systematically identify biological properties associated with variant pathogenicity across all major voltage and ligand-gated ion channel families. We collected and curated 3,049 pathogenic variants from hundreds of neurodevelopmental and other disorders and 12,546 population variants for 30 ion channel or channel subunits for which a high-quality protein structure was available. Using a wide range of bioinformatics approaches, we computed 163 structural features and tested them for pathogenic variant enrichment. We developed a novel 3D spatial distance scoring approach that enables comparisons of pathogenic and population variant distribution across protein structures. We discovered and independently replicated that several pore residue properties and proximity to the pore axis were most significantly enriched for pathogenic variants compared to population variants. Using our 3D scoring approach, we showed that the strongest pathogenic variant enrichment was observed for pore-lining residues and alpha-helix residues within 5 Å distance from the pore axis center and not involved in gating. Within the subset of residues located at the pore, the hydrophobicity of the pore was the feature most strongly associated with variant pathogenicity. We also found an association between the identified properties and both clinical phenotypes and functional in vitro assays for voltage-gated sodium channels (SCN1A, SCN2A, SCN8A) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor (GRIN1, GRIN2A, GRIN2B) encoding genes. In an independent expert-curated dataset of 1,422 neurodevelopmental disorder pathogenic patient variants and 679 electrophysiological experiments, we show that pore axis distance is associated with seizure age of onset and cognitive performance as well as differential gain vs. loss-of-channel function. In summary, we identified biological properties associated with ion-channel malfunction and show that these are correlated with in vitro functional read-outs and clinical phenotypes in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders. Our results suggest that clinical decision support algorithms that predict variant pathogenicity and function are feasible in the future.
DataBus-based hybrid routing approach for orbit access networks in lunar exploration

One of the major challenges for lunar exploration missions is how to achieve dynamic and robust routing. To reduce the development cost, it is desirable to leverage existing technologies, such as routing in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) and delay tolerant networks (DTN). However, these technologies are developed for the Earth environment and hence need further investigation for the lunar environment. To support robust access and dynamic mission operations, we propose a DataBus-based Hybrid Routing (DBHR) approach that combines MANET reactive routing protocol (such as AODV) and DTN-based bundle delivery. Our DBHR approach is designed for a tiered architecture where remote nodes communicate with upper-tier gateways through data carriers (DataBus) using short-range radio interfaces. Our scheme explores the (non)availability of the end-to-end path between two peers using MANET routing and provides diverse route options based upon different parameters. This interaction between hop-by-hop DTN technologies and end-to-end MANET protocol will result in a reliable and robust routing protocol for orbit access and improve the overall communication capabilities. To evaluate its performance, we implemented our proposed scheme on commercial-off-theshelf (COTS) routers with the custom OpenWRT and tailored IBR-DTN bundle protocol distribution. The on-demand service request and grant mechanisms are also developed in our implementation to allow certain DTN nodes to reserve the future access opportunities. Finally, we demonstrate the achieved capabilities and performance gains through experiments on a hardware test bed that consists of several COTS routers with our implementation.
Lattice monte carlo simulations of FePt nanoparticles : Influence of size, composition, and surface segregation on order-disorder phenomena

Order-disorder phenomena in FePt nanoparticles are investigated by lattice Monte Carlo computer simulations. The Metropolis algorithm is applied based on particle exchange and configurational energies that are calculated by an Ising Hamiltonian including nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor interactions. The adjustable parameters were determined from the bulk phase diagram and experiments on surface segregation of FePt thin films. By monitoring the long-range order parameter we study the influence of size, composition and surface segregation on the order-disorder transition. Our results reveal a distinct segregation behavior for nonstoichiometric compositions. Platinum atoms in excess exhibit a clear tendency for complete surface segregation on edge positions and (100) facets. Excess iron atoms, in contrast, tend to preferentially alloy in the bulk and on (100) facets. For a given particle size and variations in composition of $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4%$ in maximum, the transition temperature is lowered by less than $50\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, but more pronounced for excess Fe than Pt. For a fixed composition and varying size, in contrast, the transition temperature is lowered by $40\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{to}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}380\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ compared to the bulk value for particle diameters ranging from $8.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{to}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}2.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$. Nevertheless, for temperatures below $1100\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, the ordered phase is the thermodynamically stable phase for all particle sizes. The most pronounced effect on the ordering behavior is observed, if surface segregation tendencies are systematically modified. If one element is fully occupying the outer surface layer, we observe the formation of internal disorder and the formation of $L{1}_{2}$ domains. By increasing the concentration of the segregating element and thus readjusting the stoichiometric composition in the bulk, the order in the particles can be restored.
Chylous leak following laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with D2 dissection for a locally advanced, distal obstructive gastric cancer

The lymphatic system was first described by Asel-lius in 1627, and chylous leak (CL) was first reported by Morton in 1691 [1, 2]. It is defined as the leakage of milk-like, triglyceride-rich lymphatic fluid from the lymphatic system in to the peritoneal cavity [3]. It can cause fever, abdominal pain, abdominal distension, and abnormal white blood cell count and a delay in the withdrawal of the abdominal drainage tube. Even more serious, improper treatment will lead to celiac infection and abdominal bleeding, which results in prolonged hospitalization and increased costs. The incidence of CL after gastrectomy with D1–2 dissection is reported as 1.99%; however, D3–4 lymphadenectomy is associated with a higher incidence of CL of up to 6.3% [4], indicating that locally advanced diseases and extensive lymph node dissection lead to a higher incidence of CL
An underwater optical wireless communication network

The growing need for underwater observation and sub-sea monitoring systems has stimulated considerable interest in advancing the enabling technologies of underwater wireless communication and underwater sensor networks. This communication technology is expected to play an important role in investigating climate change, in monitoring biological, bio-geochemical, evolutionary and ecological changes in the sea, ocean and lake environments and in helping to control and maintain oil production facilities and harbors using unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs), submarines, ships, buoys, and divers. However, the present technology of underwater acoustic communication cannot provide the high data rate required to investigate and monitor these environments and facilities. Optical wireless communication has been proposed as the best alternative to meet this challenge. We present models of three kinds of optical wireless communication links a) a line-of-sight link, b) a modulating retro-reflector link and c) a reflective link, all of which can provide the required data rate. We analyze the link performance based on these models. From the analysis, it is clear that as the water absorption increases, the communication performance decreases dramatically for the three link types. However, by using the scattered lighted it was possible to mitigate this decrease in some cases. We conclude from the analysis that a high data rate underwater optical wireless network is a feasible solution for emerging applications such as UUV to UUV links and networks of sensors, and extended ranges in these applications could be achieved by applying a multi-hop concept.
Net zero targets in science and policy

Since the adoption of the 2015 Paris Agreement and the publication of the 2018 Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5°C of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, net zero targets have become a central feature in climate policy. This Perspective looks back at the scientific foundations of this recent policy development, the current state of play, and next frontiers for research on this topic.
Stability regions for linear systems with saturating controls via circle and Popov criteria

The problem of local stabilization of linear continuous-time systems subject to input saturation is addressed. The determination of stability regions for the saturated system is first considered via both the circle and Popov criteria. The absolute stability with a finite domain is thus studied from the resolution of some Riccati equations and quadratic optimization problems under linear constraints. Next, the synthesis of both state feedback controllers and stability domains is proposed via the use of linear matrix inequalities.
Verification Test of the Low Complexity Enhancement Video Coding (LCEVC) Standard

This paper reports the methodology and results of the test campaign performed in the context of the development of the Low Complexity Enhancement Video Coding (LCEVC) ISO standard. LCEVC is a video coding technology that can be applied in conjunction to any other single-layer video coding technology to re-encode the residuals between the original video and its compressed representation. The first part of the paper describes the methodology for the verification tests: Requirements, Test Conditions, Test Sequences, Test Methods (Metrics); the second one reports the results of the objective and subjective tests carried out applying such methodology. The bitrate savings achieved with LCEVC when used in conjunction with four video codecs (AVC, HEVC, EVC, VVC) are reported.
Synchronisation in neural networks

The construction of a dynamical theory of neural networks has been a goal of physicists, mathematicians and biologists for many years now. Experimental breakthroughs in modern neurobiology have allowed researchers to approach this goal. Significant advances have been made for small neural networks, which are generators of the rhythmic activities of living organisms. The subject of the present review is the problem of synchronisation, one of the major aspects of the dynamical theory. It is shown that synchronisation plays a key role in the activity of both minimal neural networks (neural pair) and neural assemblies with a large number of elements (cortex).
Parts formulas involving conditional integral transforms on function space

We obtain a formula for the conditional Wiener integral of the first variation of functionals and establish several integration by parts formulas of conditional Wiener integrals of functionals on a function space. We then apply these results to obtain various integration by parts formulas involving conditional integral transforms and conditional convolution products on the function space.
Linear instability analysis of an electrified coaxial jet

A temporal linear instability analysis of an electrified coaxial jet inside a coaxial electrode is carried out in this paper. The analytic dispersion equation is derived. The characteristic of the temporal instability is investigated and effects of the parameters, including the dimensionless electrostatic force, the dimensionless velocity difference, the density ratio, the inner and the outer diameter ratios, and the Weber numbers, are discussed systematically. The axisymmetric and the helical modes are both considered. Two independent unstable modes, mode 1 and mode 2, are identified. Among all the parameters the dimensionless electrostatic force has remarkable influence on mode 1. It can change mode 1 from the Rayleigh regime to the wind induced regime, and to the atomization regime by increasing the electric-field intensity. Nevertheless, the dimensionless electrostatic force has no apparent effect on mode 2. The behaviors of mode 2 resemble those of a coaxial jet not having electric field. The surface tensions on the inner and the outer interfaces induce instability of the inner and the outer interfaces in the region of long wavelength and suppress the growth rate in the region of short wavelength.