Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The German apprenticeship system

This paper deals with the German apprenticeship training system. We first set the scene by describing the operation of the system, including the statistical picture in terms of supply and demand and costs; the relationship between the vocational training and the educational systems; the complex of regulations which companies engaging in apprenticeship training have to respect; and the relevant institutions. We then focus on the question why many companies make substantial net investments in marketable skills. Two simple ideas are developed as at least partial and complementary explanations of company' behaviour. The first is that it is significantly more expensive to teach company - specific skills to externally hired workers with marketable skills. The second idea tries to capture the belief that companies have that the apprenticeship system is some sort of competiton which companies have to go in for if they are to receive the best school leavers.
Model Predictive Control Dedicated to an Electrified Auxiliary in HEV/PHEV

Auxiliary electrification in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) represents a promising solution in energy management of vehicle. The work presented in the following paper focuses on the design of a controller able to reduce the electrical energy consumption of electrified auxiliaries during a driving cycle. A Model Predictive Control (MPC) is proposed and applied to the air supply system of a PHEV. A comparison of energy consumption between this method and two others (Hysteresis Control and Dynamic Programming) is carried out in order to verify the performance of the MPC controller. Numerical simulations show that this technique allows to obtain a significant gain on energy consumption compared to a standard Hysteresis Control. Furthermore, the difference in term of energy consumption between MPC and Dynamic Programming is weak.
Constrained Control Strategies to Improve Safety and Comfort on Aircraft

The present paper explores the possibility of applying to an aircraft a novel constrained control methodology known as the command governor to improve flight safety and comfort. The proposed strategy is based on predictive control ideas and consists of the separate design of two control actions: an inner primal linear controller that guarantees the tracking of the controlled variables in the absence of constraints and an outer nonlinear static device (the command governor) that is compelled to modify, whenever necessary, the reference signals supplied to the inner controller by taking into account the limitations imposed by the aerodynamics, structures, actuators, and onboard comfort requirements. The reference signal modification is accomplished through an online constrained optimization procedure, which embodies the future plant evolution computed along a finite virtual time horizon. Two numerical examples are developed on a high-performance military aircraft and a small commercial aircraft.
Does the Implementation of an Emergency Nursing Framework (HIRAID) Reduce patient Deterioration? A Multi-Centre Quasi-Experimental Study

Background: Recognition and response of deteriorating patients is fundamental to safe, high quality healthcare. Failure to recognise and respond to deteriorating patients is associated with serious adverse events, both during and after emergency department care. This study aims to determine if the implementation of HIRAID (History, Identify Red flags, Assessment, Interventions, Diagnostics, communication and reassessment), an emergency nursing framework, improves patient safety.Methods: This quasi-experimental cohort study was conducted between November 2017 and February 2019 in two regional hospitals in [Anonymised], Australia. HIRAID was implemented using a multi-pronged behaviour change intervention. Data of 920 patients (374 pre-cohort and 546 post-cohort) who had an episode of deterioration within 72 hours of emergency department departure were collected. Statistical tests were conducted as two-sided, with a 95% confidence interval to determine pre/post cohort association. The StaRI checklist was used in reporting this study.Results: Patients in the post group were older with more comorbidities, but experienced fewer episodes of clinical deterioration associated with care delivered in the emergency department (27% to 13%). There was a reduction in treatment delays [pre n=28 (28.3%) versus post n=11 (15.1%), p=0.041, 95% CI (1.1%–25.3%)], and delay or failure to escalate care when abnormal vital signs were identified [pre n=20 (20.2%) versus post n=5 (6.9%), p=0.014, 95% CI (3.5%–23.1%)]. The proportion of isolated nursing-related causal factors decreased from 20 (21%) to 6 (8%). Conclusions: HIRAID is a standardised emergency nursing framework which provides a structured, evidence-based approach to emergency nursing assessment that could be adapted for a variety of clinical settings. Implementing HIRAID using the principles of behavior change is associated with a reduction in clinical deterioration related to emergency care.
Strength Training Past 50

Increase your strength to improve your health, your appearance, and your performance with Strength Training Past 50. Strength training offers many benefits for active adults, including enhanced athletic performance, reduced risk of disease, and decreased symptoms of arthritis, diabetes, and osteoporosis. Whether you are just getting started or have been training your entire life, Strength Training Past 50 has you covered. In the third edition of this best-selling guide, you’ll find these topics: – 83 exercises for free weights, machines, bands, and balls– 30 workouts for increasing size, endurance, and strength– Sport-specific programs for tennis, golf, cycling, running, and more– Eating plans and nutrition advice for adding lean muscle and losing fat Strength Training Past 50 will keep you active, healthy, and looking great with workouts and programs designed just for you.
Quaternary amines affect the pupil size comparable to their tertiary amine counterparts

Shahnawaz Channa1, Elhassan Hussein Eltom2, Mohammad Akram Randhawa3 1Department of Ophthalmology, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia 2Department of Pharmacology, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia 3Department of Pharmacology, Hazrat Bari Sarkar Medical & Dental College, Islamabad, Pakistan Quaternary, tertiary amines and the pupil Quaternary amines affect the pupil size comparable to their tertiary amine counterparts
Postwar Capital Flight and Inflation

This article provides empirical evidence on the effects of inflation on postwar capital flight flows. It tests the hypothesis that inflation has a positive differential effect on capital flight in postwar economies. It uses a new panel dataset of 77 developing countries, of which 35 experienced at least one episode of war between 1971 and 2000. The rest enjoyed peace throughout this period. Ordinary Least Squares, Generalized Least Squares, Within-Group and Arellano-Bond estimation methods are applied to four capital flight measures — Cline, World Bank, Morgan Guaranty and Dooley. The results support the research hypothesis: in postwar economies, a percentage point increase in the inflation rate is associated with a differential increase in annual capital flight flows of about 0.005 to 0.01 percentage points of GDP. This constitutes the positive differential impact of inflation on capital flight after war. This finding is robust to alternative specifications of the capital flight equation, the different measures of capital flight and econometric estimation methodologies. Given the average level of capital flight flows and the high and sustained inflation rates in some postwar economies, the overall effect could be substantial. The implication is that low inflation helps to curb capital flight in postwar economies.
The Inverse Problem for Biaxial Materials

Theory and measurements for the determination of the constitutive parameters of an anisotropic material are described, when a slab of the material is inserted in a rectangular waveguide. If both epsilon and µ tensors have zero off-diagonal elements (biaxial material), then the six diagonal elements can be determined by measuring amplitude and phase of reflection and transmission coefficients. If the material is nondispersive, two sets of measurements at two different frequencies are sufficient, under TE/sub 10/ excitation. In the more general case of a lossy and dispersive material, two sets of measurements at the same frequency under TE/sub10/ and TE/sub20/ excitations are needed. An experimental setup for the latter case is described.
Linearization of class D output stages for high-performance audio power amplifiers

A system is described which uses a quantized feedback technique to reduce the distortion generated by a class D PWM amplifier, thus making it more suitable for use in a high-performance audio system. The technique is applicable to digital PWM and applies local error correction in a noise shaping loop to reduce output-stage distortion and thus achieve a performance closer to that defined by the digitally defined PWM code.
Application of singular spectrum analysis to identify the degrading structure using deteriorating distributed element model

Reinforced concrete structure may exhibit significant inelastic hysteretic behavior when subject to strong earthquake excitation. To investigate such an inelastic behavior, in this study, a new system identification technique is applied by using the deteriorating distributed element (DDE) model to simulate the hysteretic behavior of a degrading structure. Through the advanced signal processing technique, the multiple singular spectrum analysis (SSA) and the nonlinear SSA, the recorded inelastic restoring force of a deteriorating structure can be decomposed into several independent additive components in its sequentially degrading order and with decreasing weight. With each decomposed hysteresis loop, the model parameters of the DDE model are identified. The evolutionary properties of the progressive stiffness degradation behavior of reinforced concrete structure can be observed from the identified model parameters. Finally, comparison on the physical properties of the identified DDE model with respect to the seismic response data of the deteriorating structure is also discussed. The result shows that the proposed identification technique can have a good estimation on the seismic behavior of the degrading structure. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of 1-DOF manipulator with variable rheological joint for instantaneous force

Highly rigid actuators such as a geared motor or hydraulic actuator are widely used in industrial robots. To obtain high-speed motion, actuators need to increase the actuator output. However, to increase high-rigidity actuators output, it is necessary to make actuators larger. In contrast, humans perform motions with instantaneous force such as jumping or throwing by using muscles. These instantaneous forces are realized by accumulating potential energy to the muscles and the muscles releasing the energy in a short time. Therefore, in this study a 1-DOF manipulator with variable rheological joint for instantaneous force using an artificial muscle and a magnetorheological (MR) brake was developed. In this paper, the method of generating instantaneous force for this manipulator was proposed. Further, the experiment of the proposed method was also conducted. As a result, generating instantaneous force by proposed method was realized.
Damage detection in smart CFRP composites using impedance spectroscopy

Smart structures based on carbon fibre reinforced polymers with embedded piezoceramic patches demand and offer permanent and integral monitoring of structural and functional integrity. Electrical impedance spectroscopy is one method that can be implemented in a structural health monitoring system. Experimental investigations with strip-shaped specimens show the close connection between mechanical properties and impedance. An electrical equivalent circuit diagram and electromechanical finite-element modelling explain the general shape of the impedance spectrogram and the peaks due to the excited eigenmodes of the structure. Damage, caused by low-speed impact, is experimentally detected by changes in the impedance resonance peaks. The finite-element model confirms this theoretically. The influence of disturbing factors on the impedance such as ageing effects, mechanical loading and different electrical contacting is also considered.
A Literature Analysis on Acoustical Environment in Green Building Design Strategies

Acoustic quality is important in ensuring a healthy and workable working environment. One of green buildings main objective is to reduce the building impact on human health and performance. This was emphasized in most green building rating system under its requirement for Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ). IEQ highlights the four main points for achieving an improved indoor environment: indoor air quality, acoustics, visual comfort (lighting) and thermal comfort. Although acoustics was mentioned in the IEQ criteria, according to previous surveys and studies; acoustics quality in green buildings were not improving. It seems as though in order to improve on other green building criteria, acoustics performance is bound to become poorer. Through review of previous literature, survey and studies on acoustical performance in green buildings, the objective of this paper is to identify how green building design strategies contribute to the degradation of acoustical environment in green office buildings. Findings shows that design strategies implemented to cater for other green building requirements such as natural ventilation, daylight, reduction of finishes and office layout have unintentionally decrease the acoustical quality.
Waterborne Disease Outbreaks in the US—1971–1974

This report on waterborne disease in the US deals with outbreaks of gastroenteritis of undetermined etiology, shigellosis, giardiasis, hepatitis-A, typhoid, and chemical poisoning. Outbreaks are analyzed by cause, type of treatment system, and season. Improved surveillance procedures and more conscientious reporting are seen as partly responsible for the increase in the reported incidence of waterborne disease outbreaks since 1970. This is the third report on waterborne disease outbreaks to be presented at an AWWA Conference within the past four years. It is felt that these timely reports have helped encourage better documentation and reporting of waterborne outbreaks by stimulating others to recognize and investigate the outbreaks as they occur. Without the excellent and dedicated work of the epidemiologists and engineers responsible for recognizing these outbreaks and conducting these investigations, reports like this cannot be prepared. The report presented at Denver in 1971 summarized the waterborne outbreak data for the US over the ten-year period 1961-1970, discussed trends in the etiology of waterborne diseases and mentioned deficiencies of water systems associated with the outbreaks. A report in 1973 at Las Vegas focused on waterborne outbreaks occurring during 1971 and 1972 with emphasis on case histories to illustrate the water supply deficiencies that have allowed outbreaks to occur. This report summarizes waterborne outbreaks occurring during 1971-1974 and updates the previous ten-year summary. Only outbreaks associated with water used for drinking or domestic purposes are included in this analysis. To be considered an outbreak at least two cases of infectious disease must be
Active collision avoidance system for steering control of autonomous vehicles

The study proposes an active collision avoidance system to allow safe lane-changing manoeuvres by self-steering vehicles in the presence of the uncertainties associated with nearby vehicles and the surrounding environment. This system integrates estimation of conflict probability, model predictive control and dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) techniques to ensure a collision-free operation. To accomplish this, the proposed system uses model predictive control to predict the future positions of vehicles and estimates the conflict probability so as to reduce the risk of collision. The system also exploits DSRC techniques to facilitate the gathering of information from nearby vehicles so that potential conflicts can be detected at an earlier stage. Autonomous vehicles can thus make adjustments based on the acquired data to avoid collisions in a real communication environment. The effectiveness of the method has been verified under experimental conditions. The influences of key parameters in the control method are examined.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO FÍSICO-QUÍMICA E NUTRICIONAL DO FRUTO DA PALMA (Opuntia fícus indica L. Mill) CULTIVADA NO SERTÃO DO SUB-MÉDIO SÃO FRANCISCO.

Estima-se que hoje existam cerca de 500 mil hectares de palma forrageira no Nordeste do Brasil. O Presente estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de incentivar o consumo e caracterizar o fruto da palma in natura do Sertao Pernambucano. Foram analisados os teores de umidade, ferro, minerais totais (soluveis e insoluveis), pectina, fibras, gordura, acucares redutores em glicose e nao-redutores em sacarose e realizadas medidas fisicas (pesagem, densidade, diâmetro, largura e teor de solidos soluveis). A polpa apresentou peso medio de 108,693g, extensao de 51,058 mm, largura media de 87,144 mm, densidade de 0,9644 cm³, solidos soluveis de 13,0 °Brix; 80,45% de umidade, 0,024% de ferro, 0,4394% de cinzas totais, 0,0369% de cinzas soluveis e 0,4025% de cinzas insoluveis, 0,1485% de gordura e 7,263% de acucares redutores em glicose.
ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DA COMPOSIÇÃO QUÍMICA VOLÁTIL DE AMOSTRAS DO ALECRIM IN NATURA COM A DISPONÍVEL COMERCIALMENTE

As plantas medicinais tem ampla gama de aplicacoes, devido as suas potenciais atividades biologicas, com um ou mais principios ativos relevantes para a saude humana. Este fato torna-se preocupante a partir do momento que ha um aumento crescente na comercializacao das mesmas, pois, determinados tipos de ervas, de composicoes quimicas e propriedades farmacologica diferentes sao muitas vezes comercializados com nomes populares identicos, como e o caso do alecrim, que designa varias especies de plantas medicinais. Portanto, este estudo teve como objetivo realizar a extracao e analise comparativa da composicao quimica do oleo essencial de uma amostra comercial, que nao descreve sua identificacao botânica e uma amostra in natura, sendo ambas reconhecidas pelo nome de alecrim. Foram observadas diferencas significativas entre a composicao quimica das amostras, confirmando a importância de um maior detalhamento quanto a sua classificacao botânica e constituicao quimica na descricao das plantas medicinais comercializadas e utilizadas pela populacao, a fim de evitar a utilizacao indevida desta fonte natural, uma vez que as propriedades farmacologicas atribuidas a cada especie estao intimimamente relacionada com a sua composicao quimica.
The Association of Wolbachia on the Gene Expression in Drosophila Adult Testis

Background: Wolbachia is a type of intracellular symbiotic bacteria widely distributed in arthropods including most insects and nematodes. These maternally inherited bacteria can regulate the host's reproductive system in various ways for their own vertical transmission. Since the identification of Wolbachia in many insects, the relationship between Wolbachia and host has attracted great interest. Wolbachia must rely on the host cells to survive, and they can also improve the fitness of the host through a variety of ways. However, the molecular basis of interaction between Wolbachia and their host has not been well resolved so far. Results: We performed transcriptome sequencing on testis tissues of adults of Wolbachia-infected and Wolbachia-free Drosophila melanogaster. Comparison of gene expression profiles revealed 471 significantly differentially expressed genes that involved in cell metabolism, cell membrane component correlation and hydrolysis process.Conclusions: Our results show that lipid and carbohydrate metabolism are more active in Wolbachia-infected testis than in Wolbachia free testis. This work strengthens our general understanding of the Wolbachia-host intracellular relationship and may provide a new perspective for Wolbachia-mediated virus-blocking.
Waiting for the Bus

G We got the mother and the kids. We got the guy and his date. We all get mad, we all get late. Looks like somebody forgot about us, Standin' on the corner, waitin' for the bus. CHORUS: C Say, Hey Mr. Driver Man, don't be slow! G 'Cause I got somewhere I gotta go. C Say, Hey Mr. Driver Man, drive that thing fast! G My precious time keeps slippin' past. Let's call the mayor. Let's complain. Looks like the city's done to us again. Tied up in traffic, whaddya know? The damn city bus moves so slow.
Flow Increase in the Trans Alaska Pipeline Through Use of a Polymeric Drag-Reducing Additive

The first commercial use of a polymeric drag-reducing additive to increase the flow rate in a crude oil pipeline began during 1979 in the Trans Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS). This study discusses the details of the two drag-reduction experiments conducted in TAPS that ultimately led to the decision for full-scale additive use. The logistics pertaining to and the benefits resulting from the current application also are discussed. 15 refs.
Differential-algebraic Equations in Vehicle System Dynamics

The multibody system approach provides an efficient tool for the analysis of mechanical systems arising in vehicle dynamics. The computer-aided formalisms generate the equations of motion as a system of differential-algebraic equations (DAEs). A short review of their solution theory and of the implications for the numerical integration is presented. The available integr. methods are describ. and a method for the computation of consistent initial values is introduced. The investigation of a wheelset moving on a rail track demonstrates the advantages of the DAE-formulation in railway vehicle dynamics. Thus an alternative to the usual state space form approach is provided for this class of problems. The computation of static equilibrium solutions of the wheelset yields consistent initial values and allows an analysis of wheel and rail design. Finally, a numerical integration determines the limit cycle behaviour of the wheelset in accordance with measurement on a hardware model.
Experimental Identification of the Dead Zone in Proportional Directional Pneumatic Valves

Abstract This work presents a new methodology for dead zone nonlinearity identification in proportional directional pneumatic valves. It is based on observing the dynamic behaviour of the pressure in the valve gaps. Dead zone is common in hydraulic and pneumatic valves because the spool blocks valve orifices with some overlap, so that for a range of spool positions there is no fluid flow. The dead zone nonlinearity is a key factor that limits both static and dynamic performance in feedback control of fluid power systems. The usual method to cancel the harmful effects of dead zone is to add its fixed inverse function into the controller. This inverse is modelled by a set of parameters that need to be identified. The classic dead zone parameter identification uses expensive flow transducers and special test rig, while our proposed methodology needs only pressure transducers. Experimental results illustrate the efficacy of this methodology that is cheaper and faster.
Error probability evaluation of optical systems disturbed by phase noise and additive noise

A direct and efficient method for evaluation of the error probability of optical heterodyne receivers in the presence of phase noise is presented. Closed form expressions for the statistics of the decision variable, including photodetector shot noise and thermal noise from electronic circuitry, are shown. Amplitude shift keying (ASK), frequency shift keying (FSK) and differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) are examined.