Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trends in spin-transfer-driven magnetization dynamics of CoFe∕AlO∕Py and CoFe∕MgO∕Py magnetic tunnel junctions

A spin-polarized current is able to excite magnetization dynamics in nanomagnets. A detailed theoretical study of dynamics in low and high field regimes in AlO and MgO magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) is presented, considering the maximum value of the applied current which comes from the breakdown voltage of the tunnel barrier. In low field regime, dynamics with a well-defined peak in frequency is observed. In high field regime, AlO MTJ presents the same behavior, while the magnetization in the MgO MTJ shows chaotic motion with a noisy spectrum. Lastly, an effect of the presence of a pinhole in the tunnel barrier is discussed.
A Deep Imaging and Spectroscopic Survey of Faint Galaxies

Deep images in four optical passbands with limiting magnitudes for galactic images of roughly 27th AB magnitudes are used here to study the population of faint galaxies. While confirming the existence of a blueward trend of galaxy colors at faint magnitudes, it is found that the colors of the faintest galaxies are generally not as blue as found by Tyson (1988). The slope of the B-band source counts appears to decrease below the bright-end slope of 0.465 for magnitudes fainter than B about 24, thus removing the potential divergence of the integrated night-sky brightness. Spectroscopy of a small but representative sample of galaxies with B(AB) less than 24.1 yields a high success rate of spectroscopic identification and redshift determination. It is confirmed that significant evolution must be occurring between B(AB) about 21.5 and about 23.5. The evolution is best characterized as an increase of Phi-asterisk rather than L-asterisk. 42 refs.
Turbulence and waves in a rotating tank

A turbulent field is produced with an oscillating grid in a deep, rotating tank. Near the grid, the Rossby number is kept large, 0(3-33), and the turbulence is locally unaffected by rotation. Away from the grid, the scale of the turbulence increases, the r.m.s. turbulent velocity decreases, and rotation becomes increasingly important. The flow field changes dramatically at a local Rossby number of about 0.20, and thereafter remains independent of depth. The flow consists of concentrated vortices having axes approximately parallel to the rotation axis, and extending throughout the depth of the fluid above the turbulent Ekman layer. The number of vortices per unit area is a function of the grid Rossby number. The local vorticity within cores can be a factor of 50 larger than the tank vorticity 2Ω. The total relative circulation contained in the vortices remains, however, a small fraction of the tank circulation. The concentrated vortex cores support waves consisting of helical distortions, which travel along the axes of individual vortices. Isolated, travelling waves seem well-described by the vortex-soliton theory of Hasimoto (1972). The nonlinear waves transport mass, momentum and energy from the vigorously turbulent region near the grid to the rotation-dominated flow above. Interactions between waves, which are frequent occurrences, almost always result in a local breakdown of the vortex core, and small-scale turbulence production. Usually the portions of broken core reform within ½−1 rotation periods, but occasionally cores are destroyed and reformed on a much longer timescale.
Pleiotropic Effects of APOB Variants on Lipid Profiles, Metabolic Syndrome, and the Risk of Diabetes Mellitus

Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) plays a crucial role in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. The effects of APOB locus variants on lipid profiles, metabolic syndrome, and the risk of diabetes mellitus (DM) in Asian populations are unclear. We included 1478 Taiwan Biobank participants with whole-genome sequence (WGS) data and 115,088 TWB participants with Axiom genome-wide CHB array data and subjected them to genotype–phenotype analyses using APOB locus variants. Five APOB nonsynonymous mutations, including Asian-specific rs144467873 and rs13306194 variants, were selected from participants with the WGS data. Using a combination of regional association studies, a linkage disequilibrium map, and multivariate analysis, we revealed that the APOB locus variants rs144467873, rs13306194, and rs1367117 were independently associated with total, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol levels; rs1318006 was associated with HDL cholesterol levels; rs13306194 and rs35131127 were associated with serum triglyceride levels; rs144467873, rs13306194, rs56213756, and rs679899 were associated with remnant cholesterol levels; and rs144467873 and rs4665709 were associated with metabolic syndrome. Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses conducted using weighted genetic risk scores from three or two LDL-cholesterol-level-associated APOB variants revealed significant association with prevalent DM (p = 0.0029 and 8.2 × 10−5, respectively), which became insignificant after adjustment for LDL-C levels. In conclusion, these results indicate that common and rare APOB variants are independently associated with various lipid levels and metabolic syndrome in Taiwanese individuals. MR analyses supported APOB variants associated with the risk of DM through their associations with LDL cholesterol levels.
Sliding mode control design for uncertain time‐delay systems subjected to a class of nonlinear inputs

A sliding mode controller is developed for uncertain time‐delay systems with a class of nonlinear inputs. Two main results are derived in this paper. The first result is the presentation of a new delay‐dependent stability condition of uncertain time‐delay systems. In a comparison example, this stability condition is shown to be less conservative than the ones reported recently. The second result is to present a new sliding mode control for uncertain time‐delay systems subjected to a class of nonlinear inputs. The stability of time‐delay systems with unmatching condition in the sliding mode is also discussed. Two illustrative examples are included to demonstrate the superiority of the obtained results. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mapping of three-dimensional optical force field on a micro-particle trapped in a fiber-optical dual-beam trap

We report the first direct experimental mapping of three-dimensional optical force field on a silica micro-particle trapped in a counter-propagating dual-beam trap. We tracked the three-dimensional Brownian motion of the trapped particle (by optical position sensing) and analyzed the particle position distribution to obtain the force constant of the optical force field on the particle along each direction. The trapping beams scattered by the trapped particle along two directions (mutually orthogonal to each other and also to the trapping beams) were projected on a pair of quadrant photo-detectors (QPDs) to facilitate high-speed (20 KHz) three-dimensional position tracking. Position tracking over two mutually orthogonal planes intrinsically provides one set of redundant data for a self-consistency check. At optical wavelength λ = 532nm, the force constants of the three-dimensional optical force field on a silica micro-particle (diameter = 2.58μm) were determined to be kx = 1.61×10-1 pN/μm, ky = 1.49×10-1 pN/μm, and kz = 4.43×10-2 pN/μm when the total trapping power was about 21mW and the distance between the two fiber end-faces was 125μm. The set of force constants (kx, ky, and kz) completely defines the optical force field E(x, y, z) = [kxx2 + kyy2 + kzz2]/2 (in the parabolic potential approximation) on the trapped particle.
Statistical analysis of cellular detonation dynamics from numerical simulations: one-step chemistry

In this paper, two methods are developed for statistically analysing the nonlinear cellular dynamics from numerical simulations of gaseous detonations, one use of which is the systematic determination of detonation cell sizes from such simulations. Both these methods rely on signed vorticity records in which the individual families of transverse waves are captured independently. The first method involves an automated extraction of the main triple-point tracks from the vorticity records, allowing statistical analysis of the spacings between neighbouring tracks. The second method uses the autocorrelation function to spectrally analyse the vorticity records. These methods are then employed for a preliminary analysis of the cellular dynamics of the standard, idealized one-step chemistry model. Evidence is found for ‘cell size doubling’ bifurcations in the one-step model as the cellular dynamics become more irregular (e.g. as the activation is increased). It is also shown that the statistical models converge slowly due to systematic ‘shot-to-shot’ variation in the cellular dynamics for fixed parameters with different initial perturbations. Instead, it appears that a range of equally probable cell sizes can be obtained for given parameters.
Evaluating point cloud accuracy of static three-dimensional laser scanning based on point cloud error ellipsoid model

Abstract. Evaluation of static three-dimensional (3-D) laser scanning point cloud accuracy has become a topical research issue. Point cloud accuracy is typically estimated by comparing terrestrial laser scanning data related to a finite number of check point coordinates against those obtained by an independent source of higher accuracy. These methods can only estimate the point accuracy but not the point cloud accuracy, which is influenced by the positional error and sampling interval. It is proposed that the point cloud error ellipsoid is favorable for inspecting the point cloud accuracy, which is determined by the individual point error ellipsoid volume. The kernel of this method is the computation of the point cloud error ellipsoid volume and the determination of the functional relationship between the error ellipsoid and accuracy. The proposed point cloud accuracy evaluation method is particularly suited for small sampling intervals when there exists an intersection of two error ellipsoids, and is suited not only for planar but also for nonplanar target surfaces. The performance of the proposed method (PM) is verified using both planar and nonplanar board point clouds. The results demonstrate that the proposed evaluation method significantly outperforms the existing methods when the target surface is nonplanar or there exists an intersection of two error ellipsoids. The PM therefore has the potential for improving the reliability of point cloud digital elevation models and static 3-D laser scanning-based deformation monitoring.
Improved signal conditioning circuit design for ionic polymer transducers as sensors

Several researchers are actively studying Ionomeric polymer transducers (IPT) as a large strain low voltage Electro- Active Polymer (EAP) actuator. EAPs are devices that do not contain any moving parts leading to a potential large life time. Furthermore, they are light weight and flexible. IPT have the ability to generate bending strains on the order 5% when +2V potential is applied across its thickness. As sensors however, IPTs are proven to be superior compared to any other EAP material when a charge amplifier is used as a signal conditioner. Furthermore, researchers has developed miniature sensors from IPTs that could be flush mounted to a surface and measure shear stresses due to fluid flow at even low Reynolds numbers. Sensor resolution is on the order of 10 mPa enables it to be useful as a wall shear stress sensor for several aero/hydrodynamic and biomedical applications. In this paper a new signal conditioning circuit is designed with superior sensing capabilities compared to the old circuit. In the new circuit the IPT is biased with a small voltage on the order of 5mV to 25 mV. Initial experimental results demonstrated 30% enhancement in signal to noise ratio compared to the old circuit. Furthermore, this circuit enables the use of IPT polymers with larger capacitance compared to the previous circuits. Akle et al. demonstrated that the capacitance of an ionic polymer transducer is proportional to transducer performance. Ionic polymers are generally made of an ion exchange membrane, typically Nafion, coated with a flexible electrode. In this study the Direct Assembly Process (DAP) is used for the fabrication of IPT. The DAP consists of mixing a metal particulate with an ionomer solution and spraying it directly on a diluent saturated ion conducting membrane. The thickness of the electrode is controlled by altering the amount of the ionomer/metal mix sprayed on the membrane. Thicker electrodes provide IPT with a larger capacitance, and hence larger sensitivity is obtained using the new circuit. It was impossible to use the previous signal conditioning circuit for high capacitance sensors. Finally an attempt to model these sensors along with the circuit is provided. By understanding the interaction between the IPT and the signal conditioning circuit we can create devices with even higher sensitivity. The presented circuit will help in modeling and predicting the response of the sensor.
Geometric programming: A unified duality theory for quadratically constrained quadratic programs and $l_p$-constrained $l_p$-approximation problems

The duality theory of geometric programming as developed by Duffin, Peterson, and Zener [ l] is based on abstract properties shared by certain classical inequalities, such as Cauchy's arithmeticgeometric mean inequality and Holder's inequality. Inequalities with these abstract properties have been termed "geometric inequalities" ( [ l , p. 195]). We have found a new geometric inequality, which we state below, and have used it to extend the "refined duality theory' ' of geometric programming developed by Duffin and Peterson ( [2] and [l, Chapter VI]) . This extended duality theory treats both quadratically-constrained quadratic programs and /^-constrained ^-approximation problems. By a quadratically constrained quadratic program we mean: to minimize a positive semidefinite quadratic function, subject to inequality constraints expressed in terms of the same type of functions. By an Zp-constrained ^-approximation problem we mean: to minimize the lp norm of the difference between a fixed vector and a variable linear combination of other fixed vectors, subject to inequality constraints expressed by means of lp norms. Both the classical unsymmetrical duality theorems for linear programming (Gale, Kuhn and Tucker [3], and Dantzig and Orden [4]) and the unsymmetrical duality theorems for linearly-constrained quadratic programs (Dennis [5], Dorn [6], [7], Wolfe [8], Hanson [9], Mangasarian [lO], Huard [ l l ] , and Cottle [12]) can be derived from the extended duality theorems that we state below and have proved on the basis of the new geometric inequality. The new geometric inequality is
Visualizing Personal Nutrition Intake and Emotions

Food is vital to human life. Recent studies indicate that there is influence between food and emotional wellbeing, but existing tools seldom provide insights on it. To fill this gap, we propose to build digital profiles on users’ food log data with emotion records. Information visualization is used to enable users to visually explore their food journeys while to reveal the correlation between personal nutrition intake and emotions. We designed a two-level visual representation featuring self-designed glyphs and novel storytelling layouts for nutrition-emotion visualization. The entire solution is implemented as a web-based interactive interface enriched with dynamics. Evaluations verify that our designs boast pleasant aesthetics and achieve more effective storytelling due to improved visual intuition.
Tetragonal Lattice of Tetrataenite (Ordered Fe-Ni, 50-50) from 4 Meteorites

Since 1977 it has been known that an ordered alloy occurs in the taenite phase (f.c.c. iron-nickel alloy) of the majority of the meteorites [1-3]. Ideally the ordered alloy is Fe-Ni, 50-50 with the L10 structure, and this naturally occurring compound has been given the mineral name Tetrataenite. It is identical to the artificially ordered FeNi alloy which has been preparated and studied since 1962 [4, 5]. The ordering of taenite leads to a change of symmetry from f.c. c. to tetragonal, but no tetragonal distortion of the lattice has previously been observed. In the present paper we briefly review the mineral composition of the taenite fields in meteorites and report the lattice parameters of well ordered, stoichiometric tetrataenite from 3 iron meteorites and one mesosiderite. The lattice is found to show tetragonal symmetry, and the lattice parameters associated with the f.c. t. unit cell containing 4 atoms are: a = 3.5761 ± 0.0005 A; c = 3.5890 ± 0.0005 A; c/a = 1.0036 ± 0.0002.
Localized dynamic subgrid closure for simulation of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence

A local dynamic kinetic energy model (LDKM) for large-eddy simulation (LES) of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence is proposed. The proposed MHD turbulence model evaluates all model coefficients locally and dynamically without any ad hoc averaging. This model also does not assume low magnetic Reynolds numbers. The turbulent residual-helicity effect (α-effect) appearing in the magnetic induction equation is successfully modeled. For validation, high-Re decaying isotropic decay turbulence with and without a mean magnetic field are studied using LES. The effect of rotation is also studied. For the case without rotation, it is observed that the energy spectrum follows a k−5∕3 law. For the case with rotation, it is shown that two mechanisms, phase scrambling due to frame rotation and Joule dissipation, are competing, and two distinct regimes with respect to rotation rate are observed. There is a critical rotation rate at which the energy decays most in MHD turbulence. It is also shown that this MHD-LDKM model.
Role of the lattice in the two-step evolution of γ-cerium under pressure

We report here highly accurate ultrasonic measurements on ultrapure polycrystalline cerium up to 1 GPa. By simultaneously fitting the complete measured data set, bulk and shear moduli have been deduced without any independent input. We observe a maximum in the pressure evolution of the bulk modulus and show that this peculiar behavior can be qualitatively interpreted by taking into account the pressure-induced effects on electron-electron interaction and the anharmonicity of bonding in the $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ phase. The vibrational contribution to the total entropy change across the $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ to $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ transition is estimated to be on the order of 15%, highlighting the need to consider the lattice dynamics for an accurate description of the phase transition.
Rheological properties of short fiber model suspensions

The rheological behavior of two series of model suspensions containing the same glass fibers in a Newtonian polybutene and in a Boger fluid has also been investigated. The steady-state shear viscosity of both supensions increased with fiber content, but the suspensions in the Boger fluid became shear thinning. Both types of suspension exhibited non-negligible normal stresses. The steady-state viscosity and normal stress difference of the supensions in the polybutene are well predicted by the Lipscomb (1987) equation coupled with the Folgar–Tucker (1984) model. Both types of fiber suspensions were shown to exhibit shear and normal stress overshoots in stress growth experiments. Under flow reversal, a shear stress overshoot was observed at a larger deformation compared to the primary overshoot. The reverse overshoot has been attributed to tumbling of fibers that are not totally aligned in the flow direction even after a very long time. When the flow was reversed, the normal stress difference took initially .
Lookup table based multiplication technique for GF(2m) with cryptographic significance

Finite field multiplication is one of the most important arithmetic operations in the binary finite field GF(2m). Multiplication is required for many cryptographic techniques based on the discrete logarithm problem (DLP) in the multiplicative group of a finite field or additive group of points on an elliptic curve defined over a finite field. A look up table (LUT) based multiplication technique for GF(2m) in polynomial basis is presented, which is applicable to any field size m. Unlike older LUT techniques, this LUT is calculated only once, and for all. The LUT is of constant size and the technique is valid for any m, whereas many older LUT techniques worked only for composite m. It is shown that the new technique results in the lowest number of word-level operations in software environments on contemporary computing platforms. This GF(2m) multiplication method results in significant performance gains for elliptic curve cryptography in software environments.
On the Maximal Number of Nash Equilibria in ann × nBimatrix Game

Abstract In 7 it was shown that for each odd number y ≤ 2 n − 1, there is an n × n bimatrix game with exactly y Nash equilibria, and it was conjectured that the number 2 n − 1 is an upper bound for the number of Nash equilibria of an arbitrary nondegenerate n × n bimatrix game. In this paper, we give an upper bound derived from the theory of convex polytopes. This bound is not necessarily tight; we show that in the case n = 4, the Quint–Shubik bound applies in the sense that there are no more than 2 4 − 1 = 15 equilibria. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: C70, C72.
Global model analysis of negative ion generation in low-pressure inductively coupled hydrogen plasmas with bi-Maxwellian electron energy distributions

A global model was developed to investigate the densities of negative ions and the other species in a low-pressure inductively coupled hydrogen plasma with a bi-Maxwellian electron energy distribution. Compared to a Maxwellian plasma, bi-Maxwellian plasmas have higher populations of low-energy electrons and highly vibrationally excited hydrogen molecules that are generated efficiently by high-energy electrons. This leads to a higher reaction rate of the dissociative electron attachment responsible for negative ion production. The model indicated that the bi-Maxwellian electron energy distribution at low pressures is favorable for the creation of negative ions. In addition, the electron temperature, electron density, and negative ion density calculated using the model were compared with the experimental data. In the low-pressure regime, the model results of the bi-Maxwellian electron energy distributions agreed well quantitatively with the experimental measurements, unlike those of the assumed Maxwellian electron energy distributions that had discrepancies.
Reconciliation of luminescence and Hall measurements on the ternary semiconductor CuGaSe2

Previous Hall and photoluminescence investigations on CuGaSe2 yielded conflicting results: defect depths determined by luminescence are lower than the ionization energy found in electrical measurements. In this contribution, we present time and spatially resolved cathodoluminescence measurements that necessitate a new interpretation of the luminescence data, leading to a consistent model for luminescence and Hall data with three acceptors with ionization energies of 60, 100, and 150meV. Luminescence decay times are long, in the range of 100ns, indicating strong capture. Luminescence is spatially inhomogeneous, indicating inhomogeneous distribution of defects.