Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Uncovering the Secretion Systems of Acinetobacter baumannii: Structures and Functions in Pathogenicity and Antibiotic Resistance

Infections led by Acinetobacter baumannii strains are of great concern in healthcare environments due to the strong ability of the bacteria to spread through different apparatuses and develop drug resistance. Severe diseases can be caused by A. baumannii in critically ill patients, but its biological process and mechanism are not well understood. Secretion systems have recently been demonstrated to be involved in the pathogenic process, and five types of secretion systems out of the currently known six from Gram-negative bacteria have been found in A. baumannii. They can promote the fitness and pathogenesis of the bacteria by releasing a variety of effectors. Additionally, antibiotic resistance is found to be related to some types of secretion systems. In this review, we describe the genetic and structural compositions of the five secretion systems that exist in Acinetobacter. In addition, the function and molecular mechanism of each secretion system are summarized to explain how they enable these critical pathogens to overcome eukaryotic hosts and prokaryotic competitors to cause diseases.
Beyond the Kirchhoff approximation II electromagnetic scattering

In a previous paper the momentum transfer expansion was introduced for scalar wave scattering. It was shown that, using this expansion, one could obtain wavelength dependent curvature corrections to the Kirchhoff approximation. In this paper we extend the momentum transfer perturbation expansion to electromagnetic waves. Curvature corrections to the surface current are obtained. Using these results, the specular field and the backscatter cross section are calculated.
Complex refractive index of crystalline quartz particles from UV to thermal infrared

Abstract Crystalline quartz is an important element of many materials and one of the major compounds of mineral dust. Thus, knowledge of its optical properties is essential for many applications, in particular for remote sensing techniques. However, despite the fact that crystalline quartz has been an object of study for many years using various experimental approaches, its optical properties and in particular its complex refractive indices (CRI) remain uncertain. The focus of this investigation is the determination of a new set of CRI of crystalline quartz particles retrieved from a methodology which has already demonstrated its efficiency on pure amorphous materials and volcanic ashes. The experimental set-up allows recording simultaneously size distribution (from 15 nm to 20 µm) of airborne particles and extinction spectra over a wide continuous spectral range from thermal infrared (650 cm−1) to UV (40,000 cm−1) with high spectral resolution (up to 0.5 cm−1). By associating these measurements and a numerical procedure coupling scattering theories, the single subtractive Kramers-Kronig relation, and an optimal estimation method in an iterative process, we precisely determine the real and imaginary parts of the CRI of crystalline SiO2 with mean values of the uncertainties of 2.5% and 1.7%, respectively. Moreover, the use of these CRIs allows to simulate an extinction spectrum of another quartz sample very well, which shows their suitability as well as the good reproducibility of the whole process.
Spanning Tree Method for Over-the-Air Channel Calibration in 6G Cell-Free Massive MIMO

Cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is an attractive network in 6G communications that significantly increases the spectral efficiency. Operating in time-division duplex (TDD) mode, the downlink beamforming is achieved by the estimated uplink channel, which is equal to the downlink channel due to the property of channel reciprocity. However, the involvement of different radio frequency (RF) gains in transceiver antennas renders the whole channel non-reciprocal. Therefore, it is of great necessity to calibrate the bi-directional channel. In this paper, we focus on the issue of over-the-air channel calibration in cell-free system. Taking a toy scenario as an example, we examine the performance differences between the calibration methods of ‘Direct Process’ and ‘Indirect Process’. A novel low-cost calibration method based on spanning tree model is proposed specifically for this distributed AP scenario, where a calibration tree is established to calculate calibration coefficients. Numerical results manifest that higher accuracy of our method is achieved compared to the existing calibration methods in the literatures. Our method is less sensitive to the location of master AP compared to Argos, and practical applications under the impact of phase noise show the priority of our method compared to LS method.
Influence of different magnetic field profiles on eddy- current braking

The formulas usually employed to describe the forces acting during eddy-current braking contain only one numerical value for magnetic-field strength at the site of the eddy-current disk, namely, its maximum or average value above the magnetic poles. The author investigates the influence of different magnetic-field profiles at the site of the eddy-current disk on braking force. For this purpose a number of magnetic systems using barium-ferrite magnets, which supplied different magnetic fields in the eddy-current disk, were developed. These fields varied from a nearly straightforward sinusoidal shape to fields which existed practically only at the poles, beyond which they dropped very steeply. The braking forces measured at these systems are compared with calculated braking forces. In the calculations a formula which establishes a relationship between the measured magnetic-field profile and the braking force is used. The formula was developed for a rectangular, a cosine and a cosine-squared distribution of magnetic-field strength perpendicular to the measured magnetic-field profile, allowing for the boundary conditions prevailing at the edge of the eddy-current disk.
Transforming Complex Problems Into K-Means Solutions

K-means is a fundamental clustering algorithm widely used in both academic and industrial applications. Its popularity can be attributed to its simplicity and efficiency. Studies show the equivalence of K-means to principal component analysis, non-negative matrix factorization, and spectral clustering. However, these studies focus on standard K-means with squared euclidean distance. In this review paper, we unify the available approaches in generalizing K-means to solve challenging and complex problems. We show that these generalizations can be seen from four aspects: data representation, distance measure, label assignment, and centroid updating. As concrete applications of transforming problems into modified K-means formulation, we review the following applications: iterative subspace projection and clustering, consensus clustering, constrained clustering, domain adaptation, and outlier detection.
A Multi-Resolution Approach to the 3D Reconstruction of a 50s Ribosome from an EM-Tilt Series Solving the Alignment Problem without Gold Particles

multi-resolution approach to the 3D-reconstruction prob- lem from electron microscope tilt series is presented. It is designed for the reconstruction from a tilt series with a limited number of projections where the tilt angles are as- sumed to be known. Its main feature is that it solves the alignment problem very accurately from the image data without additional gold particles-including the determina- tion of translational, orientational, and scaling parameters. At the core of the approach there is a coarse-to-fine boot- strap control strategy based on the observation that with an appropriate matching procedure good alignment esti- mates can be obtained at a rather coarse level of resolu- tion. This serves for a better reconstruction at the next finer level, from which a further refinement of the align- ment estimate is obtained, etc. The actual reconstruction at each level of resolution is accomplished with a synthesis of the filtered back-projection method and iterative alge- braic techniques, together with a set of convex constraints. The complete algorithm is applied to an EM tilt series of a 50s ribosome prepared in ice, consisting of 11 micrographs. Introduction standard technique for the reconstruction of 3D densi- ties from electron microscope tilt series is the filtered back- projection method (l-31. There are two apparent problems with this concept, arising from the requirement of com- plete information from all directions, and precise alignment of the projections as a precondition of the filtered back- projection. The first is the "missing cone" problem due to the maxi- mum tilting angle of 60 degrees in an electron microscope. Various approaches have been proposed in order to over- come this problem. It can be solved with the a priori knowlledge of symmetries of the object or other regular- izing constraints (4). It has also been shown that the range of -60. +60 degrees is sufficient in ma cases even for asym-
Almost nothing is known about the tiger shark in South Atlantic waters

The tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) has been relatively well assessed concerning biology and ecology aspects in both Atlantic and Pacific North America and in Caribbean waters. The amount of data in these regions has led to the species protection under capture quotas and with the creation of sanctuaries. The reality in developing countries, however, is the exact opposite, with scarce information on the species in the southern hemisphere, namely South American and African waters. In these regions, protection measures are insufficient, and studies on tiger shark biology and ecology are scarce, significantly hindering conservation and management efforts. Thus, the aim of this study was to compile scientific literature on the tiger shark in the South Atlantic and discuss the impact of these data (or lack thereof) distributed within a total of ten research categories for guiding management plans. In total, 41 scientific publications on different G. cuvier biology and ecology aspects were obtained. The most studied topics were Feeding Ecology (n = 12), followed by Human Interactions (n = 8), and Movements and Migration (n = 7). Northeastern Brazil (Southwest Atlantic) was the most researched area, probably due to the higher coastal abundance of tiger sharks in this area, alongside a high number of recorded attacks, justifying funding for studies in the region. No studies carried out in other South American or African countries were found. It is important to mention that even though some research topics are relatively well covered, a severe knowledge gap is noted for risk assessments and fisheries management, with a proposition for the implementation of sanctuaries noted. This is, however, particularly worrisome, as the South Atlantic is mostly unexplored in this regard for tiger sharks. It is also important to note how different the attention given to this species is in the North Atlantic when compared to the South region. Lastly, we highlight that the existence of sub-populations, the lack of migratory corridors geographically connecting distinct areas used by the species, and the lack of fisheries statistics on tiger shark landings, all increase the vulnerability of this species in the South Atlantic.
The Mental Health of Swiss Elite Athletes

Mental health is an important topic in competitive sports, but there is only limited data from Switzerland. Although mental health is a prominent topic, it is difficult to estimate the efforts of Swiss sports federations to promote mental health. A representative sample of Swiss athletes (N = 1003, M age = 21.69, SD age = 7.09, 54% women, 37% team sports, 10% injured) answered questions about symptoms of mental health problems and their well-being. We also asked about the extent of basic need satisfaction and perceived organizational support. Overall, the numbers on symptoms of mental health problems (17% depression, 10% anxiety, 22% eating disorders, 18% sleep disorders) and well-being are comparable to other elite sport samples and the general Swiss population. However, we found large group differences. For example, 52% of women athletes were affected by at least one mental disorder symptom, compared with 30% of men athletes. Injured athletes were most affected in terms of depressive symptoms. The study also shows that need satisfaction and frustration in conjunction with demographic factors is related to well-being and symptoms of mental health problems. Furthermore, the more support athletes perceive from their federations, the better their mental health. We conclude that a substantial proportion of athletes are affected by symptoms of mental disorders and more measures are needed to improve this situation, for example through supporting need satisfaction in the sport setting.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of dressed broad-area lasers

We analyse the spatiotemporal dynamics of a broad-area two-level laser in the presence of a dressing field which is coupled to an adjacent transition. The dressing field induces Rabi splitting on one of the energy levels of the laser transition, which modifies the traditional scenario of pattern formation in two-level lasers. In particular, it is observed that phase rolls appear for any sign of the cavity detuning, and that two travelling-wave patterns with different wavenumbers can coexist near the threshold for a certain range of detuning values. Reciprocally, it can be seen that the spatial dynamics alters the standard framework of electromagnetically induced gain splitting.
THE CONTEXT DEPENDENT COMPARISON OF BIOLOGICAL SEQUENCES

A general method for comparing two macromolecules is developed. The method differs from more traditional procedures in that matches are evaluated dependent on sequence context. We first define a context dependent similarity score between sequences and give a dynamic programming algorithm for its calculation. Conditions are then described which allow the conversion of the similarity score to a metric distance. The class of metrics obtained in this manner includes the Sellers metric. An advantage of the method is the ability to make very rapid comparisons and to align long sequences.
Rogue Entrepreneurship

We suggest a new category of “rogue entrepreneurship,” that describes entrepreneurial activity where the core business idea violates established or expert consensus, to be contrasted with “conforming entrepreneurship,” where it does not. There are large entrepreneurial rents hidden behind a bulwark of expert consensus that predicts doom for a venture based upon a rogue and unlikely claim. The “rogue” cases, where the predominant assessment context is different from the entrepreneur’s, result in broad skepticism against the entrepreneurial claim. We explain what rogue entrepreneurship is and how it works.
Cooling and slowing in high-pressure jet expansions

The mathematical term for the mean flow velocity in supersonic beams of ideal gases is extended to include real gas properties. This procedure yields an explicit dependence of the flow velocity on pressure, as observed in recent experiments of free jet expansions. Applied to stagnation conditions slightly above the critical point, the model suggests that seeded high-pressure jet expansions might be suitable for slowing down virtually any molecule with maximum efficiency. Moreover, we discuss the consequence of a pressure-dependent flow velocity v0 for the speed ratio S=v0 / v with respect to collisional cooling and suggest to use the velocity spread v as a more nonambiguous measure of translational temperature in high-pressure jet expansions.
New Method Development, Validation and Stability Indicating Studies of Ledipasvir and Sofosbuvir in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms by Using RP-UPLC

A novel and simultaneous stability indicating RP-UPLC method has been developed for quantitative analysis of Ledipasvir and Sofosbuvir in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. RP-UPLC was carried out on AQUITY UPLC BEH C 18 column (150 mm x 2.1 mm, 2 µm particle size) as a stationary phase and using mobile phase 0.1% Orthophosphoric acid and Methanol. All the compounds are monitored using photodiode array detector at 236 nm with an isocratic method and the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min was maintained. Validation of method was performed ‘a s per ICH Q1 R2 guidelines. The linearity of the proposed method was found to be 45-135 µg/mL and 200-600 µg/mL /mL respectively for Ledipasvir and Sofosbuvir and its impurities. Therefore, a sensitive, robust, accurate method with high degree of sensitivity was developed for practical utility.
Quality Control and Homogeneity Analysis of Precipitation Time Series in the Climatic Region of Iraq

Non-climatic reasons, such as station replacement and changing the measurement device and calculation method, may make climate data unrepresentative of the actual variation of the regional climate. Data quality control and homogenization tests for climate data are critical. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the quality and homogeneity level of precipitation time series in arid and semi-arid climatic zones and specify the breakpoint in the datasets. The proposed methodology has been used to conduct arid and semi-arid representative case studies comprising 40 annual precipitation series for Iraq between 1979 and 2014. A Box-Cox transformation has been used to adjust the non-normally distributed datasets. Outliers have been censored by truncating extreme values. The results of the outliers indicate that they may be caused more by climate variability than by human-induced reasons. Homogeneity adjustments have been developed by applying these four homogeneity tests: Pettitt’s test, the Standard Normal Homogeneity method, Buishand’s test, and von Neumann’s check. Approximately 40% of the series (i.e., 16 stations out of 40) were homogeneous. Each homogeneity test was evaluated separately, and non-homogeneous stations were identified. Then, the series was classified into three groups that were assigned the labels “useful,” “doubtful”, and “suspect. ” The results indicated that twenty-one stations were associated with the class ‘suspect’, three of the stations belonged to the class ‘doubtful’, and sixteen locations were within the class ‘useful’. Furthermore, the data analysis indicated no influence of the outliers on the results of the homogeneity tests. Accordingly, the study recommends further research on homogeneity tests that can be applied without considering outlier tests for similar case studies.
Utilization of Continuous Glucose Monitors in a Group Medical Visit Setting

Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the utilization of CGMs in a GMV setting to improve patient activation and engagement, quality of life, and metabolic outcomes including glycemic control through modified lifestyle behaviors in patients with Type 2 diabetes. Background: Group medical visits (GMV) are an evidence-based care model shown to improve outcomes in diabetes. Monitoring tools that readily demonstrate cause-and-effect relationships between recommended lifestyle interventions and optimal glycemic control in the short and long term can be utilized to improve diabetes outcomes. Continuous glucose monitoring systems (CGMs) are wearable devices that continuously measure interstitial glucose and provide valuable feedback on glycemic changes in response to diet and exercise. With this data, patients are given nearly immediate feedback, empowering them to make dynamic behavioral changes. Methods: We implemented GMV for 16 adults from an academic community-based primary care clinic. Two separate cohorts consisting of 8 participants each, met for a total of 14 weeks with sessions every 2 weeks. Baseline HbA1c and lipid panels were collected within 3 months of the first GMV and at the end of the 14 weeks. Validated questionnaires (PAM-13 and SF-12) were collected at the initial and final GMV. Paired t-tests for these differences between the two times were also calculated. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Findings: At the end of the 14 weeks, participants had a significant reduction in HbA1c (0.4%; p < 0.05), weight (6.4 lbs; p < 0.05), and average glucose (calculated by CGM, 21.1 mg/dl; p < 0.05). 38.5% of participants decreased their HbA1c to the prediabetes range. There was no significant difference for lipids, PAM-13, or SF-12 or blood pressure. Participants reported subjectively that the CGM was helpful to see the relationship of foods and their glycemia.
Practical significance of brinkman's extension of darcy's law: Coupled parallel flows within a channel and a bounding porous medium

Problems involving fluid flow past permeable surfaces have customarily been solved by matching Darcy's Law with the Navier-Stokes equation via an empirical slip-flow boundary condition at these surfaces. The present analysis serves to place the semi-empirical theory proposed by Beavers and Joseph (1967) on a more rigorous physical and mathematical basis. It is demonstrated that the predictions of these workers may be derived independently, without having to formulate empirical boundary conditions, by employing Brinkman's extension of Darcy's Law within the porous medium. These predictions are in satisfactory agreement with experimental data, thereby providing a quantitative verification of Brink-man's equation to complement its theoretical verification presented recently by several authors. On a habituellement resolu les problemes relatifs a l'ecoulement de fluides au-dela de surfaces permeables en appariant la loi de Darcy avec l'equation de Navier et Stokes, au moyen d'une condition-limite empirique d'ecoulement de glissement aux dites surfaces. L'analyse actuelle a pour but de placer la theorie semi-empirique proposee en 1967 par Beavers et Joseph sur une base physique et mathematique rigoureuse. On demontre qu'on peut obtenir independemment les previsions de Beavers et Joseph, sans qu'il ne faille formuler des conditions-limites empiriques, en utilisant l'extension faite par Brinkman de la loi de Darcy dans le milieu poreux. Lesdites previsions concordent d'une maniere satisfaisante avec les donnees experimentales; cela fournit une verification quantitative de l'equation de Brinkman, qui complete la verification theorique qu'ont presentee recemment plusieurs auteurs.