Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High-frequency oscillations : What is normal and what is not ?

*Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A. ; yDepartment of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, U.SA. ; zDepartment of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A. ; xBrain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A. ; and{Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.
PARALLEL DISTRIBUTEO PROCESSING

a different type of psychological phenomenon. The first model describes a simulation of the learning of past tense forms of verbs by young children. The heart of this model is a simple perceptron learning system. The second model showshow a constraint satisfaction network can be used to simulate the different inter pretationsofa knecker cube. Finally, a recurrent network that is able to reco ver lexical classes from word-order is described.
Interactions of the marine phosphorus and carbon cycles

About 30 to 50% of the fluvial P-input to the oceans derives from release of reactive-P from particles during their passage through estuaries. The input is matched by P-removal into three approximately equivalent sink: (1) burial in phosphorites on productive shelves; (2) burial with (org) in the deep-sea; and (3) burial with biogenic calcite in the deep-sea. The P/C burial ratio in these three phases is very different: P/C (org) approximately . 004; P/C (CaCO3) approximately . 001; and P/C (PHOS) approximately . 03. The removal mechanisms are all coupled to primary production in the surface ocean, but the details of the feedback mechanisms controlling the steady-state nutrient and carbon budgets in the sea are doscured by lack of knowledge of how the P/C ratios in the sinks adjust, and how shifts in oceanic nutrients affect oceanic ecology and the relative fraction of biogenic CaCO3 and (org) production.
IMPLICATIONS OF AN ECONOMIC THEORY OF CONFLICT: Hindu-Muslim Violence in India BY ANIRBAN MITRA

We study inter-group conflict driven by economic changes within groups. We show that if group incomes are “low”, increasing group incomes raises violence against that group, and lowers violence generated by it. These predicted relationships demonstrate the complex connections between economic growth and violence, and in particular serve as tests for group aggression or victimization, which we apply to Hindu-Muslim violence in India. Our main result is that an increase in per-capita Muslim expenditures generates a large and significant increase in future religious conflict. An increase in Hindu expenditures has negative or no effect. This robust empirical finding, combined with the theory, suggests that Hindu groups have been primarily responsible for HinduMuslim violence in post-Independence India. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: C33, D31, D74.
FRAM: The Functional Resonance Analysis Method: Modelling Complex Socio-technical Systems

Contents: Prologue The need The intellectual background The principles The method: preliminaries The method: identify and describe the functions (step 1) The method: the identification of variability (step 2) The method: the aggregation of variability (step 3) The method: consequences of the analysis (step 4) Three cases Afterthoughts FRAM on FRAM Index.
Identifying the Coverage Considerations Given to Environmental Issues by Indian Printed Media

: News media, specifically, newspapers have a great role and responsibility towards bringing awareness to people and societies all over the globe concerning the most feared challenges that the contemporary world is facing today. Environmental issues of different forms are one of the greatest challenges that the world is facing today. Apart from the organizations that are purely dedicated to monitoring and providing information about climate issues, media and newspapers are the industry which holds a similar responsibility towards responding to any climate or environmental issues. Climate journalism is a functional dimension of journalism that is devoted to presenting the concerns or challenges relating to the environmental and climatic issues that mankind is facing today. Nevertheless, climate journalism or environmental journalism has been suggested to be receiving lower consideration for several reasons all over the globe ( M. S., and Painter, J.,2021, Appelgren, E., & Jönsson, A. M., 2021, Brüggemann, M., 2017,Kunelius, R., 2019). This needs to be addressed by the scientific world concerning the identifying reasons for this less consideration given by the media or newspaper organizations. This can be possible when one understands the present practices and areas of focus by the media and newspapers regarding the presentation of environmental or climate issues through their publications. The present research is conducted in a country that is largely influenced by climatic and environmental issues and is also known for its journalism practices and influences. India always poses challenges with its unique diversity and socio-economic and political context to media and journalism practitioners. India has been reported as one of the most threatened nations that are vulnerable to climatic changes with high levels of risk. Apart from air and water pollution, the country India is also largely being affected by various climatic and environmental challenges such as heat, floods, deforestation, waste management, and droughts. There is a clear lack of research studies that attempt to explain the considerations given by Indian newspapers regarding their publications and representation of these climatic and environmental issues to improve people's awareness of the contemporary climatic and environmental challenges that India is facing today. Even though several socio-political reasons might be playing a hidden role when it comes to Indian newspapers and their climate issue representation, one must need to address what areas are largely being considered by these newspaper institutions to suggest how far the Indian newspapers are coping with the most feared climate challenges that India is currently facing. The present research through a structured content analysis which is conducted over prominent English news dailies from India is expected to identify the consideration given by the Indian newspaper dailies towards the publishing of climate issues.
The Debt Growth Nexus in Developing Countries: Evidence from Analysis

This research was mainly conducted to include an examination of the evolution of external debt structure and burden in a number of developing countries in order to assess the impact of external debt on economic growth. The evolution of external debt structure and its indicators over the period (2000-2020) has been studied; also, the economic growth performance was analyzed simultaneously during the same period, which showed several developing countries have used external borrowing to accelerate growth over the last years
MiniTREC: un modelo de aprendizaje basado en proyectos para la asignatura de Recuperación de Información.

Information Retrieval is a new course of the Computer Science Degree Program in Computing Engineering Studies at the University of Zaragoza. The complexity and interrelation of this course’s contents makes difficult the definition of practices that allow students to test the models and algorithms described in theory classes. To facilitate the understanding of concepts, it was decided to use a project based learning methodology. This paper describes the application experience of this methodology, the results obtained, problems found and areas of improvement.
Association between Lipoprotein (A) and In-Hospital Outcomes in Patients with Acute ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Background: Even though lipoprotein (a) has been linked to heart disease, no one knows how it affects people who have had primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) after an ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Objectives: This research aimed to study the relationship between lipoprotein (a) levels and in-hospital outcomes in people who had an acute STEMI after their first percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: In a prospective study, 70 people who were eligible for primary PCI and met the criteria for acute STEMI were enrolled. The COBAS c 501 analyzer was used to measure the levels of lipoprotein (a). Patients were allocated two groups based on their lipoprotein (a) levels. Group I had 49 people with low lipoprotein (a) levels (30 mg/dl), and group II had 21 people with high lipoprotein (a) levels (30 mg/dl). Keeping track of hospital results, especially bad cardiac events that are serious (MACE). Results: High levels of Lp (a) were linked to lower EF (p=0.014) and a higher wall motion score index (p=0.013). People with high Lp (a) levels were more likely to have no reflow during angiography (p=0.007). The same was true for the number of damaged coronary arteries (p=0.007). When Lp levels were high, bad things happened more often in the hospital, like acute heart failure, reinfarction, and death. An Lp (a) cut off value of 24.55 mg/dl was used to predict in-hospital adverse outcomes with a sensitivity of 90.9%, a specificity of 91.7%, and an accuracy of 91.4%. Conclusion: In STEMI, high plasma Lp (a) levels can be used to predict severe adverse cardiac events.
Minimized Group Delay FIR Low Pass Filter Design Using Modified Differential Search Algorithm

Designing a finite impulse response (FIR) filter with minimal group delay has proven to be a difficult task. Many research studies have focused on reducing pass band and stop band ripples in FIR filter design, often overlooking the optimization of group delay. While some works have considered group delay reduction, their approaches were not optimal. Consequently, the achievement of an optimal design for a filter with a low group delay value still remains a challenge. In this work, a modified differential search optimization algorithm has been used for the purpose of designing a minimal group delay FIR filter. The results obtained have been compared with the classical techniques and they turned out to be promising.
Plasma Leptin, Nesfatin 1, NPY, and Zinc Levels in Obese and Metabolic Syndrome Children

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between leptin, nesfatin 1 and NPY hormones and zinc in boys and girls diagnosed with metabolic syndrome and obesity. Materials and Methods: This study included a total of 6 groups. Group 1 Boy Control, Group 2 Girl Control, Group 3 Obese Boys, Group 4 Obese Girls, Group 5 Boys with Metabolic Syndrome, Group 2 with Girls with Metabolic Syndrome. Plasma leptin, nesfatin-1, NPY (by ELISA method) and serum zinc (by AA method) levels were determined in blood samples obtained from the subjects. Results: Leptin and zinc levels were significantly higher both in boy and girl patients with metabolic syndrome than in obese and control children. Nesfatin-1 and NPY levels were significantly lower both in girl and boy obese and metabolic syndrome children compared to their control groups. Conclusion: In the current study a significant increase in plasma leptin and serum zinc levels and a significant decrease of plasma nesfatin-1 and NPY levels were observed in boys and girls with metabolic syndrome. The findings of our study show that leptin, nesfatin-1 and NPY levels may be important biomarkers in the assessment of metabolic syndrome risk in both girls and boys.
Asociación de parásitos intestinales con síndrome anémico en niños escolares: Una revisión sistemática de la literatura

Introducción: Las parasitosis intestinales y la anemia son un problema de salud pública mundial. Estos parásitos tienen tropismo hacia el intestino delgado, afectan la absorción de micronutrientes durante la eritropoyesis, produciendo la aparición de un síndrome anémico por un recuento bajo de glóbulos rojos y déficit de hemoglobina. Objetivo: Establecer la asociación de la infección por parásitos intestinales y síndrome anémico en niños en edad escolar. Materiales y métodos: Búsqueda sistemática de literatura publicada entre 2010-2021 sobre asociación entre infección por parásitos intestinales y síndrome anémico en escolares. Resultados: Se identificó 1151 publicaciones, al aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se redujeron a 33, encontrándose 9 agentes asociados a anemia, siendo A. lumbricoides (27,27%), A. duodenalis y T. trichiura los helmintos más prevalentes, y G. duodenalis (6,06%) el protozoario más común. El 39,39% de los estudios incluyó ambos agentes. África (21), Asia (6), Sudamérica (5) y Centroamérica (1) tienen la mayoría de publicaciones. Se observa asociación significativa entre infección parasitaria y la anemia IC=95%. Conclusión: La evidencia demuestra alta prevalencia de anemias carenciales de tipo ferropénica y megaloblástica, con asociación significativa entre un mayor porcentaje de infecciones por helmintos y síndrome anémico, en comparación con infecciones por protozoos.
Histological Study of Small Intestine Development in Local Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) and Duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) Embryos

Growth of the avian small intestine initiates during embryogenesis through simultaneous and compound histogenesis proceedings. The histological study of the small intestine development in local chicken and duck embryos followed a protocol of paraffin embedding technique, and the tissues were stained by Hematoxylin and Eosin stain. The histological study was divided into three age periods, which showed that the walls of the three parts of the small intestine were similar with some differences. The first period in chickens showed that the mucosa had small folds, while the duck had very close folds. The second period in chickens showed that the villi had equal height and width with an elongated columnar epithelium and the presence of Paneth cells; tunica muscularis consisted of two thin muscular layers, the middle circular and outer longitudinal, interspersed with Auerbachian plexuses and tunica serosa consisted of mesothelial cells. While in the duck, the folds’ epithelium had a brush border, interspersed with goblet cells, and the presence of Auerbachian plexuses between the middle and outer layer of muscularis. At the end of the second period in chickens, the duodenal mucosa contained finger-shaped villi, while in ducks, the submucosa contained the Meissner plexuses, which were elongated oval in chickens and circular in ducks, and there were no Brunner glands in both bird types. The jejunum’s villi were finger-shaped with equal length but shorter than the duodenum’s villi, and there were plicae in its wall. The intestinal crypts formed in two ways: either from undifferentiated embryonic cells or by dividing the crypt into two by bifurcation. The ileum’s villi were shorter and wider in chickens, while in ducks, they were hook-shaped, with the presence of Beyer’s batches. The third period in chicken and duck arrangements an efficient small intestine by the completion of embryogenesis. In conclusion, this combined examination offers a roadmap for researchers to estimate varied investigational data that have gotten at the histogenesis of small intestine growth within the two bird types.
Mindfulness, Self-Compassion, Resilience, and Academic Anxiety among College Students: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach

One of the challenges faced by students is academic anxiety, which can have negative impacts on their academic activities. The aim of this study was to examine the direct effects of mindfulness, self-compassion, and resilience on academic anxiety, as well as the mediating role of resilience in these relationships. A cross-sectional study was conducted, and a sample of 344 university students from Jambi Province, Indonesia was recruited to complete the Academic Anxiety Scale (AAS), Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), and Brief Resilience Scale (BRS). The structural model was tested using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The study revealed that there were significant negative effects of mindfulness, self-compassion, and resilience on academic anxiety. Additionally, the findings indicated that resilience acted as a mediator in these relationships. This study has implications for the importance of preventing and managing academic anxiety among students by enhancing mindfulness, self-compassion, and resilience. Counseling services in universities should be maximized to address this issue.
The Great Lakes Entomologist The Great Lakes Entomologist

Invertebrates were sampled using pan traps in three paired sets of Typha spp. (cattail) and Phragmites australis (giant reed grass) habitats in Lake Michigan’s Green Bay in June and September 2002. The collection included 34 harvestmen belonging to one species (found at all three sites), and 180 spiders belonging to 25 species in eight families. The two habitats yielded similar numbers of spider taxa, and 16 species were restricted to one of the two habitats. Between 10 and 15 species were found at each site, and only five spider species were collected at all three sites. Four species appear to be new records for the state of Wisconsin, including the linyphiid spiders Hypomma marxii (Keyserling) and Sitalcus ruralis Bishop & Crosby, and the salticid Synageles noxiosus (Hentz). Of particular interest is the first report from the U.S. Great Lakes region of the clubionid spider Clubiona pallidula (Clerck), a species introduced from Eurasia. ____________________ Giant reed grass, Phragmites australis (Poaceae), is native to North America, but an introduced Eurasian genotype has been rapidly and aggressively expanding, in many cases by displacing other native wetland vegetation types (Saltonstall 2002). Little is known about the effects of Eurasian P. australis in the Great Lakes Region, where it is now rapidly displacing Typha (cattail) habitat. We collected invertebrates using pan, or water traps as part of a study to compare invertebrate biodiversity between stands of cattail ( Typha spp.) and giant reed grass ( P. australis ) in the Great Lakes region (Jaskula 2003). The purpose of the present paper is to report on the species of spiders collected during this research. Most importantly, we
Second Home Growth in Wyoming, 1990-2000

0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% With an abundance of outdoor amenities, Wyoming is a popular place to have a temporary residence for seasonal recreation or other occasional use. Growth in the number of these “second homes” plays an important role in driving residential development in Wyoming. Between 1990 and 2000, second homes accounted for almost 3,000 new housing units in the state. This number represents more than 14 percent of the total increase in housing units during that decade.
Application of an Improved 2-Dimensional High-Throughput Soybean Root Phenotyping Platform to Identify Novel Genetic Variants Regulating Root Architecture Traits

Nutrient-efficient root system architecture (RSA) is becoming an important breeding objective for generating crop varieties with improved nutrient and water acquisition efficiency. Genetic variants shaping soybean RSA is key in improving nutrient and water acquisition. Here, we report on the use of an improved 2-dimensional high-throughput root phenotyping platform that minimizes background noise by imaging pouch-grown root systems submerged in water. We also developed a background image cleaning Python pipeline that computationally removes images of small pieces of debris and filter paper fibers, which can be erroneously quantified as root tips. This platform was used to phenotype root traits in 286 soybean lines genotyped with 5.4 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms. There was a substantially higher correlation in manually counted number of root tips with computationally quantified root tips (95% correlation), when the background was cleaned of nonroot materials compared to root images without the background corrected (79%). Improvements in our RSA phenotyping pipeline significantly reduced overestimation of the root traits influenced by the number of root tips. Genome-wide association studies conducted on the root phenotypic data and quantitative gene expression analysis of candidate genes resulted in the identification of 3 putative positive regulators of root system depth, total root length and surface area, and root system volume and surface area of thicker roots (DOF1-like zinc finger transcription factor, protein of unknown function, and C2H2 zinc finger protein). We also identified a putative negative regulator (gibberellin 20 oxidase 3) of the total number of lateral roots.
Engineering-Based Probabilistic Risk Assessment for Food Safety with Application to Escherichia coli O157:H7 Contamination in Cheese

Title of Dissertation: ENGINEERING-BASED PROBABILISTIC RISK ASSESSMENT FOR FOOD SAFETY WITH APPLICATION TO ESCHERICHIA COLI O157:H7 CONTAMINATION IN CHEESE Kristin Ann Fretz, Doctor of Philosophy, 2006 Dissertation directed by: Professor Mohammad Modarres Department of Mechanical Engineering A new methodology is introduced in which engineering-based tools and techniques are adapted to quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) in order to offer a more systematic solution to food safety problems. By integrating available microbial data and adapted engineering techniques within the traditional QMRA framework, this new methodology addresses some of the deficiencies of traditional approaches. Through the use of a hierarchical structure, the system is decomposed into its most basic elements so that the interrelationships and interdependences of these basic elements are captured. This hierarchical structure also identifies variability throughout the process, resulting in a risk model in which multiple scenarios can be analyzed. In addition, the engineering approach adapts methods for characterizing and propagating uncertainties. Unlike the traditional approaches in food safety, the engineering-based methodology relies on mathematical models; the uncertainties about these models (both aleatory and epistemic), as well as the uncertainties about the model parameters, are formally quantified and properly considered. This separation and characterization of uncertainties results in a more powerful risk model, so that assessments can be made as to whether additional information or changes to the physical system will reduce the total uncertainty. Finally, this research characterizes the validity of the various dose-response models. Comparison of actual outbreak observations to model predictions lends credibility and assesses uncertainty of the developed dose-response models. Thus, the results of the risk model can be used both as an absolute assessment of risk and as a relative measurement of mitigation and control strategies. As a case study, the engineering-based methodology is applied to the problem of Escherichia coli O157:H7 contamination in cheese. While it has been assumed that pathogenic microorganisms in raw milk die during cheese-making, several studies on the survival of E. coli O157:H7 in cheese have demonstrated growth during cheese manufacturing. Furthermore, E. coli O157:H7 has been linked to several outbreaks involving cheese, thereby establishing the need to investigate this route of transmission. The successful application of the engineering-based approach to the problem of E. coli O157:H7 contamination in cheese suggests that this new methodology can be applied to other food safety problems. ENGINEERING-BASED PROBABILISTIC RISK ASSESSMENT FOR FOOD SAFETY WITH APPLICATION TO ESCHERICHIA COLI O157:H7 CONTAMINATION IN CHEESE