Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation (TENS) on Whole Salivary Flow Rate: A Descriptive Observational Study

Statement of the Problem: Saliva is a precious oral fluid that contributes to oral health and when its quantity is diminished, it hampers the quality of life. Individuals suffering from diabetes have a complaint of reduced salivation due to the consumption of xerogenic drugs and autonomic neuropathy. Purpose: Our study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS) device on the salivary flow rate with respect to age and gender in Jaipur population. Materials and Method: A descriptive observational study was carried out on individuals in Jaipur at the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology at Rajasthan Dental College and Hospital during a period of 7 months. The study consisted of 200 individuals who were divided into two groups. Unstimulated and stimulated saliva were collected for 5 minutes in a graduated beaker. Stimulated saliva was collected after keeping the TENS unit activated at 50Hz. Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Shapiro-Wilks normality tests and Mann Whitney U test were done. The p value <0.05 was considered to be significant. Results: The TENS unit was effective in increasing the quantity of stimulated saliva and a highly statistical significance was seen in age groups. TENS was also found to be more effective in increasing saliva in diabetic individuals. The mean unstimulated salivary rate was 1.64ml/5min and the mean stimulated salivary rate was 1.914ml/5min for Group I. The mean unstimulated salivary rate was 1.231ml/5 min and the mean stimulated salivary rate was 1.547ml/5 min for Group II. The p value for Group I and II for unstimulated saliva was 0.01 and for stimulated saliva was 0.03. Conclusion: It seems that TENS has shown positive results in increasing salivary secretions and salivary values may diminish with age; therefore, TENS might be used in aged individuals as well as in diabetic patients to increase the quantity of saliva.
The Importance of Computation in Astronomy Education

Computational skills are required across all astronomy disciplines. Many students enter degree programs without sufficient skills to solve computational problems in their core classes or contribute immediately to research. We recommend advocacy for computational literacy, familiarity with fundamental software carpentry skills, and mastery of basic numerical methods by the completion of an undergraduate degree in Astronomy. We recommend the AAS Education Task Force advocate for a significant increase in computational literacy. We encourage the AAS to modestly fund efforts aimed at providing Open Education Resources (OER) that will significantly impact computational literacy in astronomy education.
Schauder estimates for a class of non-local elliptic equations

We prove Schauder estimates for a class of non-local elliptic operators with kernel $K(y)=a(y)/|y|^{d+\sigma}$ and either Dini or Holder continuous data. Here $0 0$. Several local estimates and an extension to operators with kernels $K(x,y)$ are also discussed.
Investigating the origin of cyclical spectral variations in hot, massive stars

Abstract OB stars are known to exhibit various types of wind variability, as detected in their ultraviolet spectra, amongst which are the ubiquitous discrete absorption components (DACs). These features have been associated with large-scale azimuthal structures extending from the base of the wind to its outer regions: corotating interaction regions (CIRs). There are several competing hypotheses as to which physical processes may perturb the star's surface and generate CIRs, including magnetic fields and non radial pulsations (NRPs), the subjects of this paper with a particular emphasis on the former. Although large-scale magnetic fields are ruled out, magnetic spots deserve further investigation, both on the observational and theoretical fronts.
Relativistic fluids, superfluids, solids, and supersolids from a coset construction

We provide a systematic coset construction of the effective field theories governing the low-energy dynamics of relativistic fluids and solids, and of their "super" counterparts. These effective theories agree with those previously derived via different techniques. As an application of our methods, we re-derive the Wess-Zumino term relevant for anomalous charge-carrying fluids in (1+1) dimensions.
Minimality of toric arrangements

We prove that the complement of a toric arrangement has the homotopy type of a minimal CW complex. As a corollary we obtain that the integer cohomology of these spaces is torsion free. We use Discrete Morse Theory, providing a sequence of cellular collapses that leads to a minimal complex.
The Brownian web, the Brownian net, and their universality

The Brownian web is a collection of one-dimensional coalescing Brownian motions starting from everywhere in space and time, and the Brownian net is a generalization that also allows branching. They appear in the diusive scaling limits of many one-dimensional interacting particle systems with branching and coalescence. This article gives an introduction to the Brownian web and net, and how they arise in the scaling limits of various one-dimensional models, focusing mainly on coalescing random walks and random walks in i.i. d. space-time random environments. We will also briey survey models and results connected to the Brownian web and net, including alternative topologies, population genetic models, true self-repelling motion, planar aggregation, drainage networks, oriented percolation, black noise and critical percolation. Some open questions are discussed at the end.
Loss of function of the nuclear envelope protein LEMD2 causes DNA damage–dependent cardiomyopathy

Mutations in nuclear envelope proteins (NEPs) cause devastating genetic diseases, known as envelopathies, that primarily affect the heart and skeletal muscle. A mutation in the NEP LEM domain–containing protein 2 (LEMD2) causes severe cardiomyopathy in humans. However, the roles of LEMD2 in the heart and the pathological mechanisms responsible for its association with cardiac disease are unknown. We generated knockin (KI) mice carrying the human c.T38>G Lemd2 mutation, which causes a missense amino acid exchange (p.L13>R) in the LEM domain of the protein. These mice represent a preclinical model that phenocopies the human disease, as they developed severe dilated cardiomyopathy and cardiac fibrosis leading to premature death. At the cellular level, KI/KI cardiomyocytes exhibited disorganization of the transcriptionally silent heterochromatin associated with the nuclear envelope. Moreover, mice with cardiac-specific deletion of Lemd2 also died shortly after birth due to heart abnormalities. Cardiomyocytes lacking Lemd2 displayed nuclear envelope deformations and extensive DNA damage and apoptosis linked to p53 activation. Importantly, cardiomyocyte-specific Lemd2 gene therapy via adeno-associated virus rescued cardiac function in KI/KI mice. Together, our results reveal the essentiality of LEMD2 for genome stability and cardiac function and unveil its mechanistic association with human disease.
Healthcare providers’ practice protocols, strategies, and needed tools to address parental HPV vaccine hesitancy: An exploratory study

ABSTRACT Parental hesitancy related to human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines has increased during the pandemic, and there is a call to action by the National HPV Vaccination Roundtable to improve vaccination rates. While there are evidence-based strategies available to address parental hesitancy, there are few clear guidelines on how to engage parents to build confidence in the HPV vaccine within the clinical settings. The purpose of this investigation is to explore practice protocols, individual provider strategies, and perceived tools needed to address HPV vaccine hesitant parents from the perspective of providers during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Fifteen healthcare providers participated in qualitative, semi-structured interviews between May 2021 and March 2022. An inductive, qualitative content analysis approach was used to analyze the data. Five themes were described: 1) Provider experiences engaging with HPV vaccine hesitant parents; 2) Existing protocols in the clinics to address HPV vaccine hesitant parents; 3) Strategies used by providers to address parental HPV vaccine hesitancy; 4) Sample message content used by providers to address parental HPV vaccine concerns; and 5) Perceived strategies and tools needed to address parental vaccine hesitancy. Recommendations to address parental hesitancy include recommending HPV vaccinationat 9 years, using a strong recommendation and continued discussion, applying evidence-based approaches and/or promising strategies, linking parents to credible outside sources, and ongoing follow-up if delayed or declined. These findings can be used by researchers and clinicians to improve strategies and messages to inform the development of a protocol to standardize encounters and communication for patient-parent-provider encounters that can influence parental decision-making around HPV vaccine uptake.
Torsional oscillations in tensor-vector-scalar theory

Division of Theoretical Astronomy, National AstronomicalObservatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan(Dated: June 21, 2011)With the Cowling approximation, the torsional oscillations on relativistic stars in tensor-vector-scalar (TeVeS) theory are examined. The spectrum features in TeVeS are very similar to those ingeneral relativity (GR), but the torsional frequencies in TeVeS become larger than those expectedin GR. We ﬁnd that, compared with the ﬂuid oscillations with polar parity, the torsional frequenciesdepend strongly on the gravitational theory. Since the dependences of fundamental frequencies onthe gravitational theory and on the equation of state are diﬀerent from those of overtone, it couldbe possible to distinguish TeVeS from GR in the strong-ﬁeld regime via observations of this type ofoscillations with the help of the observation of stellar mass.
Sharp benefit-to-cost rules for the evolution of cooperation on regular graphs

We study two of the simple rules on finite graphs under the death-birth updating and the imitation updating discovered by Ohtsuki, Hauert, Lieberman and Nowak [Nature 441 (2006) 502-505]. Each rule specifies a payoff-ratio cutoff point for the magnitude of fixation probabilities of the underlying evolutionary game between cooperators and defectors. We view the Markov chains associated with the two updating mechanisms as voter model perturbations. Then we present a first-order approximation for fixation probabilities of general voter model perturbations on finite graphs subject to small perturbation in terms of the voter model fixation probabilities. In the context of regular graphs, we obtain algebraically explicit first-order approximations for the fixation probabilities of cooperators distributed as certain uniform distributions. These approximations lead to a rigorous proof that both of the rules of Ohtsuki et al. are valid and are sharp.
Asymptotic Expansion of the Homogenized Matrix in Two Weakly Stochastic Homogenization Settings

This article studies some numerical approximations of the homogenized matrix for stochastic linear elliptic partial differential equations in divergence form. We focus on the case when the underlying random field is a small perturbation of a reference periodic tensor. The size of such a perturbation is encoded by a real parameter eta. In this case, it has already been theoretically shown in the literature that the exact homogenized matrix possesses an expansion in powers of the parameter eta for both models considered in this article, the coefficients of which are deterministic. In practice, one cannot manipulate the exact terms of such an expansion. All objects are subjected to a discretization approach. Thus we need to derive a similar expansion for the approximated random homogenized matrix. In contrast to the expansion of the exact homogenized matrix, the expansion of the approximated homogenized matrix contains intrinsically random coefficients. In particular, the second order term is random in nature. The purpose of this work is to derive and study this expansion in function of the parameters of the approximation procedure (size of the truncated computational domain used, meshsize of the finite elements approximation).
Artificial intelligence in renal pathology: Current status and future

Renal biopsy pathology is an essential gold standard for the diagnosis of most kidney diseases. With the increase in the incidence rate of kidney diseases, the lack of renal pathologists, and an imbalance in their distribution, there is an urgent need for a new renal pathological diagnosis model. Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) along with the growing digitization of pathology slides for diagnosis are promising approach to meet the demand for more accurate detection, classification, and prediction of the outcome of renal pathology. AI has contributed substantially to a variety of clinical applications, including renal pathology. Deep learning, a subfield of AI that is highly flexible and supports automatic feature extraction, is increasingly being used in multiple areas of pathology. In this narrative review, we first provide a general description of AI methods, and then discuss the current and prospective applications of AI in the field of renal pathology. Both diagnostic and predictive prognostic applications are covered, emphasizing AI in renal pathology images, predictive models, and 3D in renal pathology. Finally, we outline the challenges associated with the implementation of AI platforms in renal pathology and provide our perspective on how these platforms might change in this field.
Zero Forcing Number of Random Regular Graphs

The zero forcing process is an iterative graph colouring process in which at each time step a coloured vertex with a single uncoloured neighbour can force this neighbour to become coloured. A zero forcing set of a graph is an initial set of coloured vertices that can eventually force the entire graph to be coloured. The zero forcing number is the size of the smallest zero forcing set. We explore the zero forcing number for random regular graphs, improving on bounds given by Kalinowski, Kam\u{c}ev and Sudakov. We also propose and analyze a degree-greedy algorithm for finding small zero forcing sets using the differential equations method.
Deceleration of molecules in a supersonic beam by the optical field in a low-finesse cavity

We study the dynamics of a supersonic molecular beam in a low-finesse optical cavity and demonstrate that most molecules in the beam can be decelerated to zero central velocity by the intracavity optical field in a process analogous to electrostatic Stark deceleration. We show that the rapid switching of the optical field for slowing the molecules is automatically generated by the cavity-induced dynamics. We further show that approx1% of the molecules can be optically trapped at a few millikelvin in the same cavity.
Defining and enhancing collaboration between community pharmacists and primary care providers to improve medication safety

ABSTRACT Introduction Over 4 billion prescriptions are dispensed each year to patients in the United States, with the number of prescriptions continuing to increase. There is a growing recognition of pharmacists’ potential in improving medication safety in community settings, in collaboration with primary care providers (PCPs). However, the nature of collaboration has not been well defined, and barriers and strategies are not articulated. Area covered For this narrative review, published studies were retrieved from PubMed between January 2000 and December 2020. Search terms included “patient safety,” “medication safety,” ”collaboration,” “primary care physician,” and “community pharmacy. ” Resulting articles were categorized as follows: defining collaboration, types of collaboration, and barriers and solutions to collaboration. Expert opinion It is important to understand the factors within a community pharmacy setting that limit or facilitate community pharmacists’ participation in medication safety activities. Strategies such as medication review are a common form of collaboration. Barriers to collaboration include misconceptions regarding roles and differences in access to clinical information and community pharmacy practice variability. Future recommendations include increasing training and utilization of pharmacists/PCP teams, increasing community pharmacists’ practice in emerging roles, and expanding the community pharmacist role in transitions of care from the hospital to the community.
Octonion associators

The algebra of octonions is non-associative (as well as non-commutative). This makes it very difficult to derive algebraic results, and to perform computation with octonions. Given a product of more than two octonions, in general, the order of evaluation of the product (placement of parentheses) affects the result. Inspired by the concept of the commutator [x, y] = xyxy we show that an associator can be defined that multiplies the result from one evaluation order to give the result from a different evaluation order. For example, for the case of three arbitrary octonions x, y and z we have ((xy)z)a = x(yz), where a is the associator in this case. For completeness, we include other definitions of the commutator, [x, y] = xy − yx and associator [x, y, z] = (xy)z − x(yz), which are well known, although not particularly useful as algebraic tools. We conclude the paper by showing how to extend the concept of the multiplicative associator to products of four or more octonions, where the number of evaluation orders is greater than two.
Rotational Isotropy Breaking as Proof for Spin-polarized Cooper Pairs in the Topological Superconductor CuxBi2Se3

In a promising candidate of topological superconductors, CuxBi2Se3, we propose a way to exclusively determine the pairing symmetry. The proposal suggests that the angle dependence of the thermal conductivity in the basal ab-plane shows a distinct strong anisotropy only when the pairing symmetry is an odd-parity spin-polarized triplet below the superconducting transition temperature (Tc). Such striking isotropy breaking below Tc is explicitly involved in Dirac formalism for superconductors, in which the spin-orbit coupling is essential. We classify possible gap functions based on the Dirac formalism and clarify an origin of the isotropy breaking.
Heparin infusions in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhages: clinical considerations for use beyond anticoagulation

ABSTRACT Introduction Patients who have experienced an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) may face a significant morbidity burden following the acute phase of their injury. Though commonly employed as an anticoagulant, heparin may have clinical utility related to its ability to mitigate the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chelate oxidized blood. Areas covered A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted on PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Library and Web of Science with the assistance of a medical reference librarian from January 2018 to March 2022. Two pieces of literature were evaluated in this review, both of which sought to determine the either efficacy or safety of heparin infusions in patients following an aSAH. The small sample size and the heterogeneity of outcome data reported makes defining a role in therapy for heparin difficult; however, it may be reasonable to use lower weight-based doses and to target a lower aPTT goal when considering a heparin infusion in these patients. Expert opinion Many options beyond heparin infusions exist in the armamentarium for clinicians when managing aSAH patients. Additional research is required to elucidate therapeutic drug monitoring targets and dosing protocols.
Complex symmetry of composition operators induced by involutive ball automorphisms

Suppose $\mathcal{H}$ is a weighted Hardy space of analytic functions on the unit ball $\mathbb{B}_n\subset\mathbb{C}^n$ such that the composition operator $C_\psi$ defined by $C_{\psi}f=f\circ\psi$ is bounded on $\mathcal{H}$ whenever $\psi$ is a linear fractional self-map of $\mathbb{B}_n$. If $\varphi$ is an involutive Moebius automorphism of $\mathbb{B}_n$, we find a conjugation operator $\mathcal{J}$ on $\mathcal{H}$ such that $C_{\varphi}=\mathcal{J} C^*_{\varphi}\mathcal{J}$. The case $n=1$ answers a question of Garcia and Hammond.
The social learning and development of intra- and inter-ethnic sharing norms in the Congo Basin: A registered report protocol

Compared to other species, the extent of human cooperation is unparalleled. Such cooperation is coordinated between community members via social norms. Developmental research has demonstrated that very young children are sensitive to social norms, and that social norms are internalized by middle childhood. Most research on social norm acquisition has focused on norms that modulated intra-group cooperation. Yet around the world, multi-ethnic communities also cooperate, and this cooperation is often shaped by distinct inter-group social norms. In the present study, we will investigate whether inter-ethnic and intra-ethnic social norm acquisition follows the same, or distinct, developmental trajectories. Specifically, we will work with BaYaka foragers and Bandongo fisher-farmers who inhabit multi-ethnic villages in the Republic of the Congo. In these villages, inter-ethnic cooperation is regulated by sharing norms. Through interviews with adult participants, we will provide the first descriptive account of the timing and mechanism by which BaYaka and Bandongo learn to share with out-group members. Children (5–17 years) and adults (17+ years) will also participate in a modified Dictator Game to investigate the developmental trajectories of children’s intra- and inter-ethnic sharing choices. Based on our ethnographic knowledge of the participating communities, we predict that children’s intra-ethnic sharing choices in the Dictator Game will match those of adults at an earlier age than their inter-ethnic sharing choices. We will analyze our data using logistic Bayesian modelling.
Adaptive Virtual Waveform Design for Millimeter-Wave Joint Communication–Radar

Joint communication and radar (JCR) waveforms with fully digital baseband generation and processing can now be realized at the millimeter-wave (mmWave) band. Prior work has developed a mmWave wireless local area network (WLAN)-based JCR that exploits the WLAN preamble for radars. The performance of target velocity estimation, however, was limited. In this paper, we propose a virtual waveform design for an adaptive mmWave JCR. The proposed system transmits a few non-uniformly placed preambles to construct several receive virtual preambles for enhancing velocity estimation accuracy, at the cost of only a small reduction in the communication data rate. We evaluate JCR performance trade-offs using the Cramér-Rao Bound (CRB) metric for radar estimation and a novel distortion minimum mean square error (MMSE) metric for data communication. Additionally, we develop three different MMSE-based optimization problems for the adaptive JCR waveform design. Simulations show that an optimal virtual (non-uniform) waveform achieves a significant performance improvement as compared to a uniform waveform. For a radar CRB constrained optimization, the optimal radar range of operation and the optimal communication distortion MMSE (DMMSE) are improved. For a communication DMMSE constrained optimization with a high DMMSE constraint, the optimal radar CRB is enhanced. For a weighted MMSE average optimization, the advantage of the virtual waveform over the uniform waveform is increased with decreased communication weighting. Comparison of MMSE-based optimization with traditional virtual preamble count-based optimization indicated that the conventional solution converges to the MMSE-based one only for a small number of targets and a high signal-to-noise ratio.