Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vision Based Automatic Steering Control Using A Pid Controller

Kawalan stereng automatik adalah satu komponen penting dalam pengautomatan lebuhraya, yang kini diselidik di seluruh dunia di bawah beberapa program Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). ITS berpotensi meningkatkan kapasiti lebuhraya yang sedia ada dengan penggunaan yang lebih selamat dan lebih efisien terhadap ruang yang sedia ada. Sistem ini akan terdiri daripada konsep pemanduan “hands–off” secara menyeluruh yang mana kenderaan akan dikawal secara automatik apabila ia memasuki sistem itu. Untuk mencapai objektif di atas, pengawal PID dan konsep dasar penglihatan ke atas sistem kawalan stereng automatik digunakan untuk membolehkan kenderaan menjejak rujukan di dalam pelbagai keadaan. Keputusan simulasi menunjukkan bahawa sistem kawalan yang dicadangkan mencapai objektifnya meskipun ia kurang lasak untuk mengekalkan prestasinya di dalam pelbagai keadaan. Kata kunci: Kawalan stereng automatik, dinamik kenderaan, sistem penglihatan, kawalan PID Automatic steering control is a vital component of highway automation, currently investigated worldwide in several Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) programs. The promise of Intelligent Transportation System lies in the possibility of increasing the capacity of existing highways by safer and more efficient use of available space. This system will include completely “hands–off” driving in which vehicles are fully automatically controlled once they enter the system. In order to achieve the above objective, the Proportional–Integral–Derivative (PID) controller and vision based concept to an automatic steering control system is used to cause the vehicle to track the reference under various conditions. Simulation results show that the proposed control system achieved its objective even though it is less robust in maintaining its performance under various conditions. Key words: Automatic steering control, vehicle dynamics, vision system, PID controller
FACILITATION AND BARRIERS FOR ADHERENCE TO HOME EXERCISE PLAN IN PATIENTS WITH POST ISCHEMIC STROKE

: Background: Stroke is a serious medical condition and Physical therapists are essential for rehabilitation of stroke patients with commonly suggested home-based exercise program (HEP). HEP is advised at the discharge from hospital or physical therapy OPD clinic with an aim that it may help the patient to enhance or maintain the functional status towards independence. Objective: To recognize barriers and facilitations for adherence to home exercise plan in patients with post ischemic stroke. Methodology: This was a cross sectional study with sample size of 100 patients and carried out in Niazi hospital, Lahore. The study was approved by ethical committee and there were no ethical issues found to conduct this study. Data was collected by using a questionnaire given as handouts and analyzed by using Statistical Package of Social Sciences i.e. SPSS 21.0 version. Results: The results showed that there were 96 (96%) patients expressed the importance of exercise. There were 83 (83%) patients mentioned fatigue as major barrier, while those of 71 (71%), 22 (22%) and 44 (44%) mentioned depression, post-exercise stiffness and less role of exercise as barriers to exercise. Conclusions: It is concluded from the results that fatigue and depression are the moost important barriers to HEP while physiotherapist’s recommendation and motivation is the most important and common facilitation for the stroke patients.
Praxisgerechtes Bestimmen der Messunsicherheit nach GUM (Practical Determination of the Measurement Uncertainty under GUM)

Abstract Der von der ISO im Auftrag mehrerer internationaler Organisationen herausgegebene „Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement“, kurz GUM genannt, ist in den letzten Jahren ein weltweit akzeptierter Standard für die Bewertung und Angabe der Messunsicherheit geworden. Die entscheidenden Aufgaben der Messunsicherheitsbewertung nach GUM sind die Beschreibung der Messaufgabe, die Einschätzung der beteiligten Größen mithilfe von Wahrscheinlichkeitsverteilungen und das Aufstellen der Modellgleichung. Alle weiteren Verfahrensschritte folgen festen mathematischen Regeln und lassen sich daher rechnergestützt ausführen. Das Hauptproblem für den Praktiker ist das Aufstellen der Modellgleichung. Dafür wird im Beitrag ein GUM-konsistentes Verfahren gezeigt, das leicht an konkrete Messaufgaben angepasst werden kann. Damit lässt sich das GUM-Verfahren durchgängig als praxisgerechte, schrittweise abarbeitbare Prozedur darstellen und anwenden.
A nonlocal three‐dimensional turbulence parameterization (NLT 3D ) for numerical weather prediction models

With increasing resolution of numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, classical subgrid‐scale processes become increasingly resolved on the model grid. In particular, turbulence in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) is vertically already partially resolved in contemporary models. For classical local PBL schemes, resulting up‐gradient heat transports cannot be treated correctly. Thus, nonlocal turbulence schemes have been developed in the past. As the horizontal grid sizes of NWP models become smaller than a few kilometers, the large turbulence eddies in the PBL will also start to become partially resolved in the horizontal direction. A very flexible way to formulate nonlocal turbulent exchange is the transilient matrix method, which is used here to develop a new turbulence parameterization. The resulting NLT 3D scheme applies transilient mixing matrices to subgrid‐scale transports in all three dimensions. We compare results of WRF real‐case simulations including our scheme, a classical local turbulence scheme (MYNN), and an existing nonlocal one‐dimensional scheme (ACM2) with observations from field campaigns over homogeneous terrain (CASES‐99) and complex terrain (CAPTEX). Over homogeneous terrain, all three schemes similarly well capture the observed surface fluxes and radiosonde profiles, whereas over complex terrain more differences become obvious. During a tracer release experiment (CAPTEX) over the Appalachian mountain region, the mixing and vertical extent of the PBL turn out to be decisive to reproduce the observed advection speed of the tracer‐marked air mass. Deeper mixing not only accelerates surface winds but also enables tracer to travel faster at higher altitudes and then mix back to the ground. As results from a version of NLT 3D with only standard horizontal Smagorinsky diffusion (NLT 1D ) demonstrate, simulating three‐dimensional turbulence can be beneficial already at horizontal grid sizes of a few kilometers.
Applications of Neutrosophic Logic in Image Processing: A Survey

Background and Objectives: Images and videos play significant roles in our lives. Moreover, there are considerable improvements in computer data collection systems; therefore, anyone is able to acquire much many images or videos, whereas he/she cannot process them manually. Images and videos became attractive since depicting and digital processing of these kinds of data became possible. Since indeterminacy surrounded the world, including images and videos of that; imprecision is needed to interpret this world.Methods: Neutosophic logic, which is from philosophy and is also included of logic, set theory and probability/statistics, is able to depict this imprecision. As a result, advanced image processing can be defined by translation of image processing into neutrosophic domain. In this paper, first of all, a general introduction about image/video processing (segmentation, noise reduction and image retrieval) and uncertainty is stated. Then, definitions of fuzzy sets, intuitionistic fuzzy sets and neutrosophic sets are expressed. In the following, applications of neutrosophic domain in image and video processing such as segmentation, noise reduction and image retrieval are introduced.Results: Although, neutrosophic is used for image restoration and segmentation; input images are usually medical images or gray level natural images. The remarkable point is that there are few researches that focuse on image restoration or segmentation using neutrosophic and consider color images. Therefore, color image restoration and segmentation in neutrosophic environment is novel to be done.Conclusion: Neutrosophic usage in image retrieval brings out an improvement in average recall and precision measure compared to earlier methods. Considering different textures and shapes can extend usages of neutrosophic space in image retrieval applications.
3D static reservoir modelling to evaluate petroleum potential of Goru C-Interval sands in Sawan Gas Field, Pakistan

This study is aimed at building a 3D static model of the C-Interval horizon within the Lower Goru Formation of the Sawan gas field, Pakistan. The C-Interval horizon is a proven gas reservoir with considerable potential for further development. Sequence stratigraphic interpretation reveals that C-Interval horizon was deposited under transgressive-regressive conditions, with forced regression resulting in deposition of sand bodies in a deltaic environment. Well logs and core analysis reveal different lithological facies. Thin interbedded shales induced extreme heterogeneity in C-Interval reservoir properties. Sequential Indicator Simulation (SIS) and Sequential Gaussian Simulation (SGS) have been applied to spatially map the heterogeneities of the reservoir properties such as water saturation (S w ), porosity ( ϕ ), facies, etc. The models indicate thick reservoir quality sand facies are present in the northeastern half with high effective porosity ( ϕ e ) being consistent with the high sand content near the paleo-coast line. However, the shale content (V sh ) increases towards the southwestern half consistent with more basinward settings. The lithologies in the southwestern half exhibit low ϕ e with an increase in S w . The techniques utilized in this study have implications for other producing hydrocarbon fields with complex reservoir properties and similar geological settings.
A bioinspired microstrip antennas based on the idea of a cockroach antenna

Insects possess garden variety of traits, but for some who lack the ability of vision, their species would have been extinct long ago. Through ingenuity of creation, these species adapted to the environment by developing antennas where they can use the basic principles of wave propagation to feel the surrounding objects. In this article, a new design for broadband microstrip antennas was investigated. The main aim is to make the patch like a cockroach antenna. The antenna has shown to yield percentage bandwidth about 120% for a substrate with permittivity of 4.5. For using air substrate, the antenna was fabricated, and the percentage bandwidth was 42%. Furthermore, some modifications were made to increase the bandwidth of air substrate antennas until it successfully reached 114%. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:135–139, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25668
Design of IEEE 802.1AS time synchronization system based on FPGA

IEEE 802.1AS is a time synchronization standard that can be applied to distributed networks and real-time control systems. It exchanges time synchronization messages based on Ethernet to achieve high-precision time synchronization. The IEEE 802.1AS protocol stipulates that when the network structure does not exceed 7 hops, the time synchronization accuracy is less than 1μs, but the different positions for obtaining the time stamp will lead to different accuracy of the time synchronization system. Based on the analysis of the IEEE 802.1AS protocol and the existing time synchronization system, this paper proposes a time synchronization system implemented by hardware logic, and obtains the time stamp at the MAC layer to achieve higher time synchronization accuracy. Two ZCU102 FPGAs are designed as master and slave nodes respectively. Through behavior simulation verification, the synchronization accuracy between master and slave nodes can achieve an average error of 6ns~50ns, which meets the demand for high-precision time synchronization in complex environments such as aerospace.
Improved iterative prediction for multiple stop arrival time using a support vector machine

Abstract The paper presents an improved iterative prediction method for bus arrival time at multiple downstream stops. A multiple-stop prediction model includes two stages. At the first stage, an iterative prediction model is developed, which includes a single stop prediction model for arrival time at the immediate downstream stop and an average bus speed prediction model on further segments. The two prediction models are constructed with a support vector machine (SVM). At the second stage, a dynamic algorithm based on the Kalman filter is developed to enhance prediction accuracy. The proposed model is assessed with reference to data collected on transit route No 23 in Dalian city, China. The obtained results show that the improved iterative prediction model seems to be a powerful tool for predicting multiple stop arrival time.
Comparative analysis of estimated market values of companies: Forbes 2000 and BIST 388 company example

companies. The Istanbul Stock Exchange, which has been serving more than 300 companies with a volume of billions of dollars since 1985, offers various opportunities to international investors. Of course, investors have to apply to many analyzes of companies and companies in order to evaluate these opportunities correctly and to make a profit. There-fore, it is of great importance for millions of investors around the world that firm and market data are highly transparent, consistent and predictable. Because otherwise, markets that cannot show stability in developing countries cause the market values of the company to rise and fall excessively with the opportunities and crises that constantly occur. This situation leads to unnoticeable manipulations in firm and market values and investors to be mistaken due to the inability to analyze them correctly. The purpose of this research is to estimate the market values of 2019 Borsa Istanbul firms by using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) method with the data of Forbes 2000 companies in 2019. As a result of the analysis, it was revealed that the companies in Borsa Istanbul have higher or lower market values than they should be, and the results are also supported by the comparisons of ratio analysis.
Documenting towards democratic early education curriculum in the Republic of Croatia

ABSTRACT Democratic society, which is developing in the Republic of Croatia, has aspired for a flexible and developmental curriculum oriented towards the individualization of the educational process, cooperation of all participants and positive communication. Such curriculum is enhanced by pedagogical documentation of the educational process, constructive dialogue, and critical reflection on continuous reflective practicums of educators. The outcome of such professional development of educators is the gradual equalization of democratic values in a stimulating learning context. The qualitative approach to the pedagogical practice of the early education curriculum has been changed and improved in three periods of research by action research through ethnographic records. The research was conducted in a Croatian kindergarten, and the results confirm the need to use pedagogical documentation, continuous and honest discussions of educators during which the democratic dialogue raises the level of professional development of educators, and consequently the development of democratic values in children.
Aplicação de isótopos estáveis de carbono no estudo das mudanças climáticas e ambientais

O carbono está presente em uma ampla variedade de reservatórios naturais como rochas, solos, oceanos e atmosfera e é um dos principais componentes dos organismos vivos. As razões entre os seus dois isótopos mais abundantes 12C e 13C, descritas pela notação δ13C, são fundamentais para o entendimento da dinâmica e evolução desses reservatórios. O fracionamento entre 12C e 13C ocorre principalmente pela fotossíntese, que incorpora preferencialmente 12C nas moléculas orgânicas, que por sua vez determinam os valores de δ13C de grande parte da biota, além de outros materiais. Por exemplo, no caso das plantas, sua assinatura isotópica pode ser transferida ao solo e posteriormente a espeleotemas de cavernas ou a sedimentos transportados pelos rios e depositados nos oceanos. Outro exemplo seria o caso da fotossíntese de algas marinhas que afeta a assinatura isotópica da água do mar, que é transferida para as carapaças carbonáticas de organismos marinhos, tal como foraminíferos. Os valores de δ13C desses materiais (i.e., moléculas orgânicas, espeleotemas, foraminíferos) estão intimamente relacionados com as condições climáticas e ambientais nas quais os mesmos se formaram. Nessa revisão, apresentamos como se dá a dinâmica do δ13C nas plantas, solos, rochas e oceanos e como o estudo desses reservatórios nos revela informações a respeito do clima e do ambiente do presente e do passado, além de propiciar o entendimento de processos biológicos e geológicos. Os exemplos analisados aqui tratam principalmente de estudos de reconstituições paleoambientais e paleoclimáticas desenvolvidas no território brasileiro e no oceano adjacente.
Perceptions of large Korean corporations from a social cognition perspective

ABSTRACT Large corporations can be important symbols in the lives of Korean consumers, but little is known about the way their corporate imagery might be seen by the public. The imagery of 10 such companies was found to be described by and grouped around three theorized image dimensions: warmth, competence, and status. The same dimensions predicted satisfaction and brand-person congruence. We tested competing theories of whether status associations are independent of competence evaluations or are their antecedents. Our data supported the former view. We also tested the theory that warmth evaluations best predict satisfaction and brand-person congruence and found only qualified support.
MOSAICING OF ACOUSTIC VIDEO IMAGES FOR UNDERWATER STRUCTURE INSPECTION

With the development of international communication and the advent of terrorism, safety and security of the underwater structures such as shipping dock, bridge pier and the bottom of ship hull become a key issue. Generally, in order to inspect the underwater structures, divers are sent down to make tactile examination, or with a camera to take photos or video tapes for further study and examination. However, in dark, turbid water, the quality of the optical images is practically not good enough to give much useful information of the underwater structures. And the working efficiency of this kind of inspection is relatively low. To overcome these problems, it is imperative that more efficient and effective inspection methods are developed. Recently, an acoustic lens camera called DIDSON (Dual-frequency Identification Sonar), which is invented by the Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, can provide almost-video-quality images to identify objects even in turbid water. It has been proved to be very useful in underwater objects searching, especially in dark, turbid water. Although the quality of every single frame provided by DIDSON is quite good, its field of view is narrow, only 29 degrees in horizontal and 14 degrees in vertical, making it hard to comprehend the overall condition of the inspection area and guarantee the safety and security of underwater structures. In this paper, we present a new mosaicing method for the time-sequential images provided by DIDSON, which enables us to inspect the whole underwater structure in a computer screen. An experiment was carried out to inspect the underwater part of a shipping dork. Our experimental result has shown that the proposed method can successfully mosaic the images provided by DIDSON, and thereby expand the visual field of DIDON indirectly which enables it to be effectively used in underwater structures inspection.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Quasi-Optical Constrained Lens Amplifiers.

Abstract : A major goal in the field of quasi-optics is to increase the power available from solid state sources by combining the power of individual devices in free space, as demonstrated with grid oscillators and grid amplifiers. Grid amplifiers and most amplifier arrays require a plane wave feed, provided by a far field source or at the beam waist of a dielectric lens pair. These feed approaches add considerable loss and size, which is usually greater than the quasi-optical amplifier gain. In addition, grid amplifiers require external polarizers for stability, further increasing size and complexity. This thesis describes using constrained lens theory in the design of quasi optical amplifier arrays with a focal point feed, improving the power coupling between the feed and the amplifier for increased gain. Feed and aperture arrays of elements, input/output isolation and stability, amplifier circuitry, delay lines and bias distribution are all contained on a single planar substrate, making monolithic circuit integration possible. Measured results of X band transmission lenses and a low noise receive lens are presented, including absolute power gain up to 13 dB, noise figure as low as 1.7 dB, beam scanning to +/-30 deg, beam forming and beam switching of multiple sources, and multiple level quasioptical power combining. The design and performance of millimeter wave power combining amplifier arrays is described, including a Ka Band hybrid array with 1 watt output power, and a V Band 36 element monolithic array with a 5 dB on/off ratio.
Observation of collision induced temporary soliton carrier frequency shifts in ultra-long fiber transmission systems

Multiwavelength soliton interaction over 10000 km in an Er/sup 3+/-doped fiber amplifier based system is studied in a fiber loop configuration. Collisions that takes place over distances significantly longer than amplification period are found to produce nonpermanent shifts of the soliton carrier frequencies, thus acting as collisions in a lossless medium. The spectral shift is found to be inversely proportional to the wavelength separation and is reduced with increasing pulse width. The effects of these unavoidable collisions will impose a limit on the minimum channel spacing in ultra-long-haul soliton based communication systems. >
Rigorous RF and microwave oscillator phase noise calculation by envelope transient technique

A novel method is presented which allows accurate calculation of RF and microwave oscillator phase noise. A thorough frequency domain amplitude and phase noise equation is derived for arbitrary circuit topology. The method is based on envelope transient simulation technique. It also speeds up analysis of oscillator transients and circuits driven by chirp and frequency modulated signals.
Research on voiceprint recognition based on depth learning

Deep learning has excelled in feature representation and pattern classification in recent years, providing a new direction for the further development of voiceprint recognition technology. The current vocal recognition technology has been developed and widely used for a long time. Based on the analysis of the basic principles of vocal recognition, the current research status of vocal recognition technology is summarized, the current vocal recognition technology based on deep learning is analyzed, and finally the application characteristics and advantages of deep learning in speaker recognition are summarized, the problems and challenges faced by the current vocal recognition research are further analyzed, and the deep We further analyze the problems and challenges faced by the current voice recognition research, and look forward to the prospects of voice recognition research under the framework of deep learning.