Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A 256 × 256 LiDAR Imaging System Based on a 200 mW SPAD-Based SoC with Microlens Array and Lightweight RGB-Guided Depth Completion Neural Network

Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) technology, a cutting-edge advancement in mobile applications, presents a myriad of compelling use cases, including enhancing low-light photography, capturing and sharing 3D images of fascinating objects, and elevating the overall augmented reality (AR) experience. However, its widespread adoption has been hindered by the prohibitive costs and substantial power consumption associated with its implementation in mobile devices. To surmount these obstacles, this paper proposes a low-power, low-cost, single-photon avalanche detector (SPAD)-based system-on-chip (SoC) which packages the microlens arrays (MLAs) and a lightweight RGB-guided sparse depth imaging completion neural network for 3D LiDAR imaging. The proposed SoC integrates an 8 × 8 SPAD macropixel array with time-to-digital converters (TDCs) and a charge pump, fabricated using a 180 nm bipolar-CMOS-DMOS (BCD) process. Initially, the primary function of this SoC was limited to serving as a ranging sensor. A random MLA-based homogenizing diffuser efficiently transforms Gaussian beams into flat-topped beams with a 45° field of view (FOV), enabling flash projection at the transmitter. To further enhance resolution and broaden application possibilities, a lightweight neural network employing RGB-guided sparse depth complementation is proposed, enabling a substantial expansion of image resolution from 8 × 8 to quarter video graphics array level (QVGA; 256 × 256). Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and stability of the hardware encompassing the SoC and optical system, as well as the lightweight features and accuracy of the algorithmic neural network. The state-of-the-art SoC-neural network solution offers a promising and inspiring foundation for developing consumer-level 3D imaging applications on mobile devices.
Changes in the Mitochondria in the Aging Process—Can α-Tocopherol Affect Them?

Aerobic organisms use molecular oxygen in several reactions, including those in which the oxidation of substrate molecules is coupled to oxygen reduction to produce large amounts of metabolic energy. The utilization of oxygen is associated with the production of ROS, which can damage biological macromolecules but also act as signaling molecules, regulating numerous cellular processes. Mitochondria are the cellular sites where most of the metabolic energy is produced and perform numerous physiological functions by acting as regulatory hubs of cellular metabolism. They retain the remnants of their bacterial ancestors, including an independent genome that encodes part of their protein equipment; they have an accurate quality control system; and control of cellular functions also depends on communication with the nucleus. During aging, mitochondria can undergo dysfunctions, some of which are mediated by ROS. In this review, after a description of how aging affects the mitochondrial quality and quality control system and the involvement of mitochondria in inflammation, we report information on how vitamin E, the main fat-soluble antioxidant, can protect mitochondria from age-related changes. The information in this regard is scarce and limited to some tissues and some aspects of mitochondrial alterations in aging. Improving knowledge of the effects of vitamin E on aging is essential to defining an optimal strategy for healthy aging.
Biochemical Characterization of the Copper Nitrite Reductase from Neisseria gonorrhoeae

The copper-containing nitrite reductase from Neisseria gonorrhoeae has been shown to play a critical role in the infection mechanism of this microorganism by producing NO and abolishing epithelial exfoliation. This enzyme is a trimer with a type 1 copper center per subunit and a type 2 copper center in the subunits interface, with the latter being the catalytic site. The two centers were characterized for the first time by EPR and CD spectroscopy, showing that the type 1 copper center has a high rhombicity due to its lower symmetry and more tetragonal structure, while the type 2 copper center has the usual properties, but with a smaller hyperfine coupling constant (A// = 10.5 mT). The thermostability of the enzyme was analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry, which shows a single endothermic transition in the thermogram, with a maximum at 94 °C, while the CD spectra in the visible region indicate the presence of the type 1 copper center up to 80 °C. The reoxidation of the N. gonorrhoeae copper-containing nitrite reductase in the presence of nitrite were analyzed by visible spectroscopy and showed a pH dependence, being higher at pH 5.5–6.0. The high thermostability of this enzyme may be important to maintaining a high activity in the extracellular space and to making it less susceptible to denaturation and proteolysis, contributing to the proliferation of N. gonorrhoeae.
Do Whitebark Pine - Lichen Ecosystems of West Central British Columbia Display Tipping Point Behaviour in Response to Cumulative Stress?

Introduction British Columbia is renowned for the outstanding diversity of its forest and rangeland ecosystems. The rugged topography and turbulent geological history of this province have created an exceptionally varied template of climate, soils, plant and animal life. Disturbances such wildfires, storms, geomorphic activity, and insect and disease outbreaks act upon this template to modify the pattern of ecosystems across a landscape both in the short term (successional dynamics within an ecosystem) and over longer time periods (state shifts from one type of ecosystem to another).
Stable multi‐player evolutionary game for two‐choice resource allocation problems

The authors consider the problem of multi-player evolutionary game with two strategies and an arbitrary number of players. A randomised probabilistic access model is considered where the users randomly select the strategies. The strategies are a selection between two radio access technologies to receive service from. For a fair resource allocation between a number of users, the payoff function of each player is considered to be inversely proportional to the number of players choosing a strategy. It is valid for the radio access technology selection problem where resources are divided fairly between the users. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of a mixed Nash equilibrium point of the game is provided. In addition, it is proved that the mixed Nash equilibrium point of the game is globally asymptotically stable and also evolutionarily stable strategy.
Adaptive Optimization Charging Strategy for LCC Resonant Capacitor Charging Power Supply

In repetitive pulse power applications, the charging capacitor time occupies most of the time in a pulse period, and important parameters such as pulse repetition rate are restricted by the charging speed of the capacitor. To accelerate the charging speed and make full use of the components’ capacity, a novel adaptive optimization charging (AOC) strategy is proposed for capacitor charging power supply (CCPS). Moreover, to improve the accuracy of the inductor-capacitor-capacitor (LCC) model, a fundamental harmonic approximation model based on continuous resonant current (CRC-FHA) is put forward. Compared with conventional FHA which uses a discontinuous transformer current <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$i_{T}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, the CRC-FHA model is established by adopting the continuous and more sinusoidal resonant current <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$i_{\mathrm{ r}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The analytical expressions are derived for the maximum resonant current <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$I_{\max }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) boundary, and the multidimensional relationship between the output voltage, the peak value of resonant current, average output current, and switching frequency. Accordingly, the proposed AOC strategy sets the maximum resonant current boundary, the ZVS charging boundary, and the upper and lower switching frequency limits as constraints to get adaptive reference output current values in real-time to make full use of the capacity of the converter to improve the charging speed. Compared with a hybrid constant current-constant power (HCC-CP) charging profile, the proposed AOC strategy has an advantage in charging speed and soft switching range with the same maximum resonant current. Finally, the accuracy of the FHA model adopting resonant current for LCC resonant converter and the effectiveness of the AOC strategy is verified by the simulation and a 2174 W LCC resonant converter.
Pengaruh Fitur Customer Review dan Persepsi Risiko Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian pada Pengguna Shopee (Studi pada Mahasiswa Universitas Bandar Lampung Prodi Manajemen Angkatan 2019)

This study aims to analyze the impact of two independent variables, customer evaluation and perceived risk, on Shopee users' purchasing decisions. These are factors that deserve attention in the digital age because they have great potential to influence consumer behavior when shopping on the Shopee platform. Research subjects include classmates from the Faculty of Economics of Bandar Lampung University, Class of 2019. The research sample used is 107 respondents and the sampling is done according to Slovin's formula to ensure the level of study. representation of the data. Collected data were analyzed by the method of coefficient of determination analysis and tested by t-test and F-test to test the research hypothesis. Research results show that customer reviews and perceived risk have a significant influence on the purchasing decision of Shopee users. These results provide valuable information for sellers on the Shopee platform so that they can better understand the importance of product quality assessments from customers and the perceived risk. influence consumers' purchasing decisions. While the results of this study provide relevant insights, the study also recognizes that there are other factors that can influence shopping behavior at Shopee. Therefore, other variables should be included in further research for a more comprehensive understanding of consumer buying behavior in the e-commerce environment.
Designing Future Wireless Networks (FWN)s With Net Zero (NZ) and Zero Touch (ZT) Perspective

Recent research in Future Wireless Networks (FWN)s have primarily focused on improving spectral and energy efficiency, emphasizing less on reducing power consumption. Studies on current Fifth-Generation (5G) system deployment have shown that they consume more power than their predecessors, thus highlighting the need for significant efforts to minimize their carbon footprint. This work specifically focuses on the power consumption considerations, starting from the transceiver design and extending to an entire network design that can accomplish future Net Zero (NZ) targets. It is envisioned that smart grid-controlled renewable-powered systems, combined with artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms and Zero Touch (ZT) solutions, will play a central role to achieve Net Zero - Zero Touch Future Wireless Networks (NZ-ZT-FWNs). This work thoroughly investigates the recent research efforts, limitations of existing approaches and identifies key research areas for realizing NZ-ZT-FWNs.
Using Character-Level Sequence-to-Sequence Model for Word Level Text Generation to Enhance Arabic Speech Recognition

Owing to the linguistic richness of the Arabic language, which contains more than 6000 roots, building a reliable Arabic language model for Arabic speech recognition systems faces many challenges. This paper introduces a language model free Arabic automatic speech recognition system for Modern Standard Arabic based on an end-to-end-based Deep Speech architecture developed by Mozilla. The proposed model uses a character-level sequence-to-sequence model to map the character alignment produced by the recognizer model onto the corresponding words. The developed system outperformed recent studies on single-speaker and multi-speaker Arabic speech recognition using two different state-of-the-art datasets. The first was the Arabic Multi-Genre Broadcast (MGB2) corpus with 1200 h of audio data from multiple speakers. The system achieved a new milestone in the MGB2 challenge with a word error rate (WER) of 3.2, outperforming related work using the same corpus with a word error reduction of 17%. An additional experiment with a 7-hour Saudi Accent Single Speaker Corpus (SASSC) was used to build an additional model for single male speaker-based Arabic speech recognition using the same proposed network architecture. The single-speaker model outperformed related experiments with a WER of 4.25 with a relative improvement of 33.8%.
Comparative Study of Growth Statistics of Two Species of Paulownia and Optimization of Rooting Methods

Paulownia is a fast-growing woody tree, native to the forests of China. It belongs to the family Scrophulariaceae and is mainly used as a source of wood for furniture and musical instruments. Due to its fast-growing nature and high-quality of wood, there has been growing interest in cultivation and research of Paulownia in Nepal. Growth comparison was performed by measuring shoot length in in vitro condition. Among two species of Paulownia - Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud and Paulownia fortuneii (Seem.) Hemsl. , the growth rate of P. tomentosa was found to be 0.355 cm/week while that of P. fortuneii was found to be 0.637 cm/week in in-vitro conditions in MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/l NAA and 1mg/l BAP. Optimization of rooting methods was also performed, in which, sand rooting was found to be easier and more effective than in-vitro rooting. Dipping the plantlets in 1 mg/l of NAA was found to produce longer and denser roots than lower or higher concentrations during sand rooting.
Classification of Myopia Levels using Deep Learning Methods on Fundus Image

Disorders of the eye or also known as eye disease is a condition that can affect vision for some people in their lifetime. There are 40 types of eye disorders or eye diseases, one of which is Myopia. Myopia is a visual disturbance that causes objects that are far away to appear blurry, but there is no problem seeing objects that are near. Myopia or nearsightedness is also known as minus eye. From this description, it is very important to conduct research in detecting eye diseases before the increase in eye minus and blindness. This study aims to classify myopic eye disease using the Deep Learning method with several different architectures, namely the VGG16, VGG19 and InceptionV3V3 models. Where the first is to distinguish normal and abnormal while the other is to classify with Augmented myopia image dataset and non augmented myopia image dataset obtained from the Retinal Fundus Multi-Disease Image Dataset (RFMID). In the implementation of the Deep Learning method using 20 Epochs. The results of the accuracy of the classification of eye diseases using the non augmented myopia image dataset are 66.0% for the VGG16 architectural model, then 95.99% for the VGG19 architectural model and 93.99% for the InceptionV3 architectural model and the accuracy results using the Augmented myopia image dataset are 97.53% for the VGG16 architectural model, 97.53% for the VGG19 architectural model and 99.50% for the InceptionV3 architecture model.
Optimal Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Customer Markets

We present a model in which some goods trade in “customer markets” and advertising facilitates long‐lived relationships. We estimate the model on U.S. data and find a large congestion externality in the pricing of customer market goods. This motivates the analysis of optimal policy. Under a complete set of taxes, fiscal policy eliminates the externalities with large adjustments in tax rates on customer markets goods, while labor tax volatility remains low. Constraining the instruments to the interest rate and labor tax, the optimal labor tax displays large and procyclical fluctuations, but monetary policy is little changed compared to a model with no customer markets.
Design of a 60-kW EV Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer System With Dual Transmitters and Dual Receivers

This article proposes the design and implementation of a 60-kW electric vehicle dynamic wireless power transfer (EV-DWPT) system. The system utilizes a dual transmitter and dual receiver (DTDR) structure, and one inverter to active two transmitter coils, which enables it to achieve high output power with low power electronic modules and reduce the number of inverters. In the proposed scheme, a unipolar inductor is integrated into the receiver coil, which has the advantage of higher power density. In addition, a protection circuit is added to protect the charging circuit and the battery, improving the reliability of the system. In the EV-DWPT system with DTDR structure, based on the system modeling and analysis, the coupler design method is given while considering both power and magnetic field exposure time. Moreover, a 54-m-long dynamic charge path was constructed and a 60-kW EV-DWPT system was tested to evaluate the system performance while presenting the practical implementation challenges encountered during the construction of the demonstration. The system operates at 85 kHz with a 20-cm air gap from the transmitter coil to the electric bus chassis. The dc/dc efficiency reaches 87.5% when the transfer power is 62 kW.
Assimetrias do escoamento de líquidos não-Newtonianos em regime de transição

Este trabalho apresentada e discute novos resultados experimentais obtidos em escoamentos no interior de condutas, usando fluidos nao-Newtonianos em regime de transicao, entre laminar e turbulento. Os dados confirmam que o escoamento de liquidos com reducao de arrasto em regime de transicao diverge significativamente, no que a simetria dos perfis de velocidade diz respeito, do escoamento de fluidos Newtonianos em qualquer regime. Este trabalho investiga a estrutura da assimetria e a sua evolucao ao longo do escoamento, bem como as flutuacoes de velocidade. Os resultados nao conduzem de forma conclusiva a explicacao do porque da existencia de assimetrias nos escoamentos em regime de transicao, para fluidos naoNewtonianos, mas permitiram conclui que a geometria do escoamento, quer a jusante quer a montante, nao produz qualquer influencia sobre a assimetria dos perfis de velocidade.
Faster Walking Speeds Require Greater Activity from the Primary Motor Cortex in Older Adults Compared to Younger Adults

Gait speed declines with age and slower walking speeds are associated with poor health outcomes. Understanding why we do not walk faster as we age, despite being able to, has implications for rehabilitation. Changes in regional oxygenated haemoglobin (HbO2) across the frontal lobe were monitored using functional near infrared spectroscopy in 17 young and 18 older adults while they walked on a treadmill for 5 min, alternating between 30 s of walking at a preferred and fast (120% preferred) speed. Gait was quantified using a triaxial accelerometer (lower back). Differences between task (preferred/fast) and group (young/old) and associations between regional HbO2 and gait were evaluated. Paired tests indicated increased HbO2 in the supplementary motor area (right) and primary motor cortex (left and right) in older adults when walking fast (p < 0.006). HbO2 did not significantly change in the young when walking fast, despite both groups modulating gait. When evaluating the effect of age (linear mixed effects model), greater increases in HbO2 were observed for older adults when walking fast (prefrontal cortex, premotor cortex, supplementary motor area and primary motor cortex) compared to young adults. In older adults, increased step length and reduced step length variability were associated with larger increases in HbO2 across multiple regions when walking fast. Walking fast required increased activation of motor regions in older adults, which may serve as a therapeutic target for rehabilitation. Widespread increases in HbO2 across the frontal cortex highlight that walking fast represents a resource-intensive task as we age.
Measuring the Customer Satisfaction Level Before and After Sales Service Provided by TATA Motors in Pondicherry

This study proposes a research design approach to identify what factors that highly influences the customer satisfaction level on before, during and after sales service of Tata Motors in Pondicherry. The researcher tried for 200 customers, but able to reach 157 because of eliminating the extreme cases and some missing values and few questionnaires were not returned. The cronbach’s α reliability test was performed for each factor to know reliability of measurement items. Multiple regression analysis was used to know which factor influence more towards the satisfaction level of customers. It was inferred from the study that the customers were more satisfied with after sales service and also during the service. But, they feel the before sales service was not much satisfactory.
Washington's Habitat Connectivity Highway Retrofit Initiative

At the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT), an Executive Order–“Protections and Connections for High Quality Natural Habitats,” is influential in directing resources toward investments in habitat connectivity improvements. A habitat connectivity retrofit program is in its early phases of development, with cost estimates completed for nine proposed projects. Deer and elk carcass removal data and outputs from rare forest carnivore least cost distance models were the primary sources of information used to select these project locations. Each one employs, primarily, highway right-of-way fencing, jump-out escape ramps, double-cattle guards at intersecting side roads, and under-crossings to reduce wildlife-vehicle collisions and provide wildlife with safe access to habitat on either side of the highway. Staff resources have also been directed toward a statewide habitat connectivity assessment. WSDOT co-leads the multi-organization working group that is producing the assessment. The group has completed a study plan, selected sixteen focal species, and assembled draft geographic information system models that utilize least cost distance and circuit theory modeling methods to provide insights to landscape characteristics conducive to wildlife movements. The outputs from these models will be used to support the development of priorities for future habitat connectivity retrofit projects.
Observer‐based adaptive event‐triggered consensus for linear multiagent systems with bounded leader's input under directed graphs

The consensus problem of linear multiagent systems (MASs) with a leader of bounded input under directed graphs is an important research topic. However, for the directed graphs, the existing methods dealing with consensus problem rely on the global information or continuous communication among neighbors. This paper focuses on the consensus problem of linear MASs with a leader of bounded input by adaptive event‐triggered output feedback control, where the digraph contains a spanning tree with the leader as the root. A fully distributed event‐triggered consensus protocol is presented by several observers, which are used to estimate the upper bound of the leader's input and the state of each agent, respectively. Compared with the existing results on the consensus control of MASs under directed graphs, the proposed method is independent of any global information, and is suitable for situations where the states of all agents is unavailable and only a part of followers know the upper bound of the leader's input.