Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development and evaluation of new anchors for ratings of driving workload

Older drivers stop driving for several reasons, including being overwhelmed by the workload of the primary driving task. Unfortunately, most driving studies (including those measuring driver distraction and overload) describe workload qualitatively, not quantitatively. A simple way to quantify workload is to ask drivers to rate it while showing them anchor clips (e.g. this scene is 2, that scene is 6) to aid repeatability. To validate new anchor clips of road scenes for workload ratings, 16 subjects (8 age 18-30, 8 age >65) drove simulated expressway scenarios and rated the workload of 28 scenarios relative to the new anchor clips, and for 10 of them that duplicated video clips from real expressways, rated the video clips as well. Mean workload ratings from the 2 presentation methods were highly correlated (r=0.84). Workload ratings were correlated with the logarithm of the distance to the lead vehicle (r=-0.75), the number of vehicles visible (r=0.72), the distance to the side vehicles (r=-0.35), and lateral lane position (r=0.74). Workload can be estimated as 8.53-3.18*Log(Gap) + 0.28*MeanTrafficCount + 4.70*MinimumLanePosition - 0.10*StandardDeviationOfSideVehicleGap, with the R2 of 0.89. To refine the anchor clips, 18 subjects (6 age 18-30, 6 age 35-50, 6 age >65) were shown static scenes in which the field of view (120, 150, 180 degrees), and the rear scene (nothing, 3 mirrors, panoramic mirror) varied. Subjects recalled where vehicles were shown (2-11) and ranked scenes from most to least preferred. Scenes with 120- or 180-degree fields of view showing a rear scene are recommended for the anchors. Researchers are encouraged to quantify workload using the anchored rating method and the associated equations given their repeatability and ease of use.
THE ABC'S OF ENGINEERING EDUCATION: ABET, BLOOM'S TAXONOMY, COOPERATIVE LEARNING, AND SO ON

If you are like most university professors, you were not taught anything about how to teach in graduate school or when you began in your first faculty position. All you had to go on was how your professors taught, but nobody taught them anything about teaching either. It doesn’t make a lot of sense, but that’s our system. Teaching is too complex and too important a profession to let people do it with no training or experience. Granted, some new faculty members are excellent the first time they get in front of a class, and I hope you’re one of them, but the odds are against it. There are also a few who are poor teachers from the outset and never get better. Since you’re taking the time now to read a paper about engineering education the chances are that you’re not going to be one of those either. You are probably in the broad middle category of faculty members who have the potential to be excellent teachers but may take years learning how to do it by trial and error. Not that trialand-error learning is always a bad thing, but in the case of teaching the ones paying the penalty for the errors are not the ones making them. Trial and error is also unnecessary. A lot is known about what makes teaching effective: spending some time in the literature learning about it can knock a couple of years off your learning curve. The greatest initial barrier to learning new material is often jargon—unfamiliar terms that may denote easily learned concepts but whose unfamiliarity makes them sound esoteric and difficult. If you read ASEE conference proceedings or the Journal of Engineering Education or any other teaching-related journal, you will notice that a number of terms keep showing up, often with little or no explanation. If you don’t know what they mean, the articles in which they appear may be difficult to decipher. The purpose of this paper is to help you over this hurdle. The few terms to be defined don’t even begin to constitute an exhaustive glossary of educational jargon, but if you understand them you’ll be off to a good start. We first introduce learning styles—the different ways students characteristically use to take in and process information. Understanding what those ways are is a good first step toward designing instruction that can accommodate the learning needs of all of the students in a class. We then define three instructional approaches: active learning (getting students to do things in class that actively engage them with the material being taught), cooperative learning (putting students to work in teams under conditions that promote the development of teamwork skills while assuring individual accountability for the entire assignment), and problem-based learning and similar approaches (teaching material only after a need to know it has been established in the context of a complex question or problem, which increases the likelihood that the students will absorb and retain it).
Detrimental thoracoabdominal interaction with lateral airbag restraints

DETRIMENTAL THORACOABDOMINAL INTERACTION WITH LATERAL AIRBAG RESTRAINTS Jason John Hallman Marquette University, 2010 Side impact motor vehicle crashes pose unique challenges for occupant protection, particularly with regard to torso injury mitigation. The minimal cr ush distance between the vehicle exterior and the occupant torso has necessitated adva nced passive safety technologies in response to tightened regulatory requirements a nd increased public awareness of safety issues. In particular, lateral ai rbag restraints (side airbags) have undergone a rapid and unregulated introduction in recent years, wit h US availability increasing to over 90% of new vehicles in 2010. As with frontal airbag restraints, the propensity for injury to occupants in close proximity to side air bag deployment remains a concern. Test protocols have been proposed to evaluate occupant injury risk from airbag deployment with mechanical occupant surrogates. Ye t few studies have attempted to characterize thoracoabdominal responses to close-prox imity airbag contact in actual crashes, leaving unaddressed the relevance of test pr tocols and occupant surrogates currently employed. To address this issue, the present study sought to identify and characterize inj u y and biomechanical responses of the thoracoabdominal region to torso-interacting s ide airbag restraints. A novel biological experimental approach was developed fr m a multibody analysis and from an evaluation of documented restraint performance. Biomechanical responses of deflection, deflection rate, the Viscous Crite rion, and deformation obliquity with respect to subject anatomy were quantified. Further, t issuelevel material response was examined through a comparative finite element analysis of subject-specific loading. Results indicated that traumatic visceral inj ury specific to the posterolateral region was associated with close-proximity airbag inte raction. Deformation response was uniquely oblique with respect to anatomy, necessitati ng the refinement of existing injury metrics. Biomechanical tolerances were also determined for risk of trauma to posterolateral viscera. These results are useful for the de velopment of mechanical occupant surrogates and reductions to injury risks from close-proximi ty side airbag loading.
Krebsrisiko Inkretin-basierter Antidiabetika

Das Inkretinhormon Glukagon-likePeptid-1 (GLP-1) stimuliert die Insulinsekretion in Abhängigkeit vom Gukosespiegel. Dieser Mechanismus wird durch Inkretin-basierte Medikamente wie Dipeptidylpeptidase-4-Inhibitoren (DPP-4) und Glukagon-like-Peptid-1Rezeptoragonisten bei der Therapie des Diabetes Typ 2 genutzt. Allerdings fördert GLP-1 die Proliferation von Cholangiozyten: Erhöhen Inkretinbasierte Substanzen also das Risiko für ein Cholangiokarzinom?
Assessment of Total Costs of Ownership for Midsize Passenger Cars with Conventional and Alternative Drive Trains

The number of alternatively powered vehicles in Poland and EU is growing steadily. Different type of vehicle drive trains determine variations in their performances from economical and environmental technological aspects. The aim of this paper was to investigate the cost efficiency and environmental aspects of midsize passenger cars equipped with different drive train technologies: conventional, hybrid, electric and LPG fueled engine. To this purpose, the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) method was used. Calculations were carried out by AFLEET Tool. The results show that the LPG fueled car has the lowest TCO, while the cars equipped with electric drivetrain indicate the highest TCO. However the electric car recorded the lowest cost of air pollutant emissions and externalities costs.
Detailing Architectural Design in the Tropos Methodology.

Software systems development happens within a context which organizational processes are wellestablished. Hence, software needs to be built with flexible architectures based in social and intentional concepts to enable software to evolve consistently with its operational environment. In this sense, the Tropos requirements oriented development methodology, has defined a number of organizational architectural styles which are suitable to agent, cooperative, dynamic and distributed applications. In this paper, we use an extended version of UML to describe these novel architectural styles in order to provide a detailed representation of both the structure and behaviour of the architectural design using these styles. This proposal has been applied to an e-commerce software system.
Spatial networks

In geography, the spatial dimension of networks has long been taken for granted. This is not the case of natural sciences, of which physics, distinguishing amongst spatial and non-spatial relationships. The core element at stake is thus distance, resulting in time and cost to travel the network and/or to create new links and nodes. Yet in many disciplines, spatial networks remain analyzed in a binary fashion, without taking into account the length of links and the local characteristics of nodes. This article reviews how the spatial dimension of networks is addressed in the geographic literature and in other sciences, concluding to a need for further research in this field.
Dynamic Analysis of Shoulder-Fired Weapons

Abstract : A recoil analysis to assess several recoil mitigating technologies applied to shoulder-fired weapons such as a grenade launcher or shotgun has been conducted. Parameters such as weapon weight, recoil impulse, recoil velocity and recoil energy were identified as critical. A range of values were selected for evaluation. In order to monitor and assess the dynamics occurring during its cyclic motion, a mathematical model for a 12 Gauge weapon has been developed. The model defines each major component and the relative connectivity between them is defined in terms of kinematic joints. A Lagrangian methodology is utilized to formulate the rigid body dynamic equations of motion. Three commercial recoil reducing devices were evaluated in the model to determine their specific effect on recoil motion, both on the weapon and on the soldier firing the weapon. A full test program was conducted at the Armaments Research Laboratory (ARL) on a modified 12 Gauge shotgun to measure recoil control for each of the recoil devices. An additional model was formulated for this fixture. Comparisons between model and experimental test results were made. Further tests and evaluation include combinations of recoil devices. Documentation of sample model output is included.
On the Transcription of Musical Sound by Computer

An examination of the problem of producing a written score from a piece of polyphonic music has been done with the result that a program to accomplish this end for a restricted class of input samples has been written and debugged. The program uses bandpass filtering to extract individual harmonic data. Two examples are presented here that show the viability of the system given the restrictions on the music under analysis.
Engineering Transgenic Plants for the Sustained Containment and In Situ Treatment of Energetic Materials

Abstract : Explosives from manufacture and military use now contaminate large areas of land and ground water across the United States and Europe. These energetic compounds are both toxic and recalcitrant to degradation and removing them is a difficult and massive logistical task. While phytoremediation is a technique that potentially offers an environmentally friendly, lowcost alternative to current remediation techniques, the use of this method is hindered by the phytotoxicity of TNT and the low inherent metabolic abilities of plants towards these xenobiotic compounds. Bacterial enzymes capable of detoxifying these energetic compounds have been identified, and further characterization is presented here. These genes have been introduced into the model plant species, tobacco and Arabidopsis where, in combination, they confer tolerance to TNT and the ability to detoxify TNT and degrade RDX. These studies, shown below, provide valuable information on the ability of transgenic plants to remove explosives from soil and ground water. The knowledge gained using these model species has been essential in the production and characterization of more robust tree species, Aspen and poplar hybrids, for both laboratory and field testing. Enterobacter cloacae nitroreductase reduction products We have previously found that expression of Enterobacter cloacae nitroreductase (NR) confers tolerance to TNT by rapidly transforming TNT to hydroxylamino derivatives [1]. These can subsequently be conjugated by the plant to sugars. In work presented here a time-course HPLC-based assay was conducted which revealed that the major product of TNT reduction was the 4-isomer of hydroxylamino-dinitrotoluene (4-HADNT). This was confirmed by comparison of retention times and UV/vis spectra to authentic standards of 4-HADNT.
INNOVATION IN ORGANIZATIONS FROM A COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS PERSPECTIVE

A case for a balanced strategic approach to innovation is argued in the literature. March (1991) identified both short term exploitation and longer term exploration as essential but potentially conflicting organizational activities. Many organizations are good at incremental innovation but less successful at radical innovation which may partly explain a recent stress on the latter. Learning is key to successful innovation. In stable conditions, it tends to be a narrowing and converging process of testing. In chaotic conditions it is a process of expansion, divergence and discovery (Cheng and Van de Ven, 1996). The latter facilitates radical innovation, the former incremental innovation. Is a balance between them needed? Innovation ability is a key property of complex adaptive systems operating on ‘the edge of chaos’. This assists them survive over both long and short term futures. We consider how notions of organizations as complex adaptive systems can offer new insights into our understanding of learning and innovation.
Gamma-rays and neutrons effects on optical fibers and Bragg gratings for temperature sensors

The nuclear industry shows an increasing interest in the fiber optic technology for both data communication and sensing applications in nuclear plants. The optical fibers offer several advantages and the sensors based on this technology do not need any electrical power at the sensing point, they have a quick response and they can be easily multiplexed: in the case of a temperature sensor, several thermocouples can be substituted by a single fiber, resulting in a decrease of the waste material. The fission reactors are a very harsh environment: it is characterized by the highest dose of gamma-rays, of the order of magnitude of GGy, besides a high flux of neutrons and high operating temperature (300°C for the current reactors, known as generation III). This work has been carried out in collaboration with AREVA, a French industrial conglomerate active in the energy domain, with the aim of realizing a temperature sensor resistant to the environment of nuclear reactor of generation IV, in particular a Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor. The currently used technology, the thermocouples, presents a drift of the measurement due to irradiation, that needs a calibration, and a long response time on the order of seconds. In order to remove the drift, to reduce the response time and to increase the precision, a Fiber Bragg Grating temperature sensor was chosen, in regard to all the advantages of the optical fibers. To understand the behavior of such system in a harsh environment, as the nuclear reactor core, we used an experimental approach based on complementary techniques such as radiation-induced attenuation, photoluminescence, electron paramagnetic resonance and Raman spectroscopies
The Impact of Service Quality on Customer Satisfaction in Case of Selected Insurance Companies in Bale Robe Town

The purpose of this study is to investigate impacts of service quality on customer satisfaction in selected insurance companies on Bale Robe Town. Since, service quality model was especially developed to examine the quality service of insurance; researchers selected this model to extensively test retail insurance industry. The current study measured service quality and its relation with customer satisfaction in the selected public and private branch. Exploratory method used as the research method of the study. The sample consists of 268 respondents’ selected based on random sampling procedure. The dimensions of the study were tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy.Primary data were collected by using 5-point Likert scale questionnaire and interview with customer service managers and customer service supervisors of the selected insurance companies. A total of 226 questionnaires were properly filled and returned. The empirical result shows that service quality dimensions; assurance, empathy and reliability have strong influence on user’s satisfaction level respectively and weak impact with tangibility and responsiveness to user’s satisfaction level in selected insurance companies in Bale Robe Town. Correlation and multiple regressions were used to investigate the relationship between dependent and independent variables. The correlation results indicate that there is a positive correlation between the dimensions of service quality and customer satisfaction. The results of the regression test showed that offering service quality have impact on overall customer satisfaction. The research proves that assurance, reliability and tangibility have strong influence on user’s satisfaction level respectively and weak impact with empathy and responsiveness to user’s satisfaction level in selected insurance companies in Bale Robe Town. Thus study concluded that service quality, if managed effectively, can contribute significantly towards customer satisfaction. Globally the results of the present research were supported by the conceptual model that the service quality has impact on customer satisfaction. The results from multiple linear regression also conducted that service quality can be used to predict customer satisfaction and based on all factors, P-value indicated that how and to what extent SERVQUAL dimensions such as tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy influence customer’s satisfaction on insurance companies. It has been found that, Assurance (β =1.295, t=13.844, p<0.05), Reliability (β =.332, t=2.225, p<0.05) and Tangibility (β = .218, t= 3.931, p<0.05) have positive impact and significant on customer’s satisfaction but Empathy (β = -1.18, t=-8.053, p<0.05) and Responsiveness (β = -1.008, t= -8.053, p<0.05) have negative impact and significant on customer’s satisfaction.
Lubricant Selection Manual, Phase 3

Future spacecraft must be designated to operate for very long time periods in space. For example, a target goal for the Space Station is 30 years of operation. Although the actual life may be significantly less than this optimistic goal, the life will certainly be a critical issue in design. The bearings on primary components such as the alpha and beta joints must obviously be designed and lubricated with the objective of optimum performance life. In addition to these joints, there will be numerous other tribological (rubbing or rolling) interfaced that will be required to function for the life of the spacecraft. A major key to adequate performance of tribological interface is proper lubrication. Lubricants can be divided into two basic classes: solid films and liquids. Both types have been used extensively in space applications. Both have advantages and disadvantages that must be carefully considered in their selection. The purpose here is to summarize selection criteria for liquid and solid lubricants applied to long-life spacecraft.
Dynamic behavior of closed grinding systems and model uncertainty

The object of the present study is to investigate the dynamic of closed circuit cement mills. The model that has been developed, involving integral part and a first order filter, is based exclusively on industrial data sets of three cement mills routine operation, collected in a up to one year period. The model parameters uncertainty is also assessed varying from 28% to 35% as the gain is concerning and 33% to 40% as regards the time delay. The grinding of different cement types in the same cement mill is determined as a significant source of model uncertainty. The described system identification can be utilized for the effective tuning of a robust controller regulating the cement mills operation.
Understanding the Grey Entrepreneur: A Review of the Literature

Abstract The role of older business operators has been largely ignored in contemporary entrepreneurship research, even though 31% of all Australian SMEs are owned and operated by persons over the age of 50. Long term demographic trends throughout the developed world suggest that such entrepreneurs will come to play an increasingly important part of economic activity, as populations age and the traditional workforce age cohort declines. This paper provides an overview of current research into the phenomena of the so-called “grey entrepreneur” (also variously known as senior entrepreneurs, older entrepreneurs, third age entrepreneurs, elder entrepreneurs and senior-preneurs), drawing on research from Australia, the United Kingdom, New Zealand and the USA. Little direct information exists about the structure, performance and features of firms operated by grey entrepreneurs, and how they compare with their younger counterparts. The data does indicate that a majority of older entrepreneurs are male, although increasing numbers of older women are also operating their own business. A number of potential factors appear to have an impact on the activities and likely success of grey entrepreneurs. Potential advantages that older entrepreneurs can possess include greater experience, superior networks and more financial resources. Some of the theorized problems working against many grey entrepreneurs are failing health (energy levels), lower education levels, family life cycles, and the broader social framework in which older people operate. Many important issues relating to this phenomenon still require more investigation. Research problems in this area include differences in terminology and definitions, determining the appropriate age point at which a person can rightfully be said to qualify as an “older” entrepreneur, and the practical problem of operationalising entrepreneurial activities in the marketplace.