Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gravitational effects of M32 on the spiral arm pattern of M31.

A simple computer model of a disk of zero-mass test particles is used to show that certain features of the H I disk and spiral arm pattern of the Andromeda Galaxy M31 can be explained by gravitational action of its companion galaxy M32. The orbit assumed for M32 was the same as that which was previously shown to explain 21 cm velocity asymmetrics in M31. This is additional verification of the close orbit of M32, which actually cuts through the disk of M31; M32 is probably important in determining the spiral pattern of M31. The results of the model are used to obtain the spiral arm pattern for the disk of M31, clarifying the identity of several arms which are superposed on other arms by the gravitational action of M32. These spiral arm irregularities are strong enough that failure to consider them may lead to misinterpretation in attempts to verify the density wave theory in observations, particlarly those northwest of the major axis. 4 figures.
Fabrication of microlenses in Ag-doped glasses by a focused continuous wave laser beam

A technique for the fabrication of small (2–10 μm in diameter) microlenses on the surface of glass with embedded silver nanoclusters in a subsurface diffusion layer is demonstrated. The dependence of the microlens size on the exposure time and the laser power of a focused continuous wave (cw) laser beam is discussed. It is shown that the optical transmission of the lenses increases with increasing laser power used for the exposure. The temperature distribution in the glass around the focal spot is calculated taking into account the temperature dependence of heat conductivity, shape of the beam, and decrease of absorption coefficient with depth through the diffusion layer containing Ag clusters. The measured microlens sizes are in good agreement with the calculations.
OGLE-2017-BLG-0039: Microlensing Event with Light from a Lens Identified from Mass Measurement

We present an analysis of the caustic-crossing binary microlensing event OGLE-2017-BLG-0039. Thanks to the very long duration of the event, with a time scale tE ∼ 130 days, the microlens parallax is measured precisely despite its low value of . Analysis of the well-resolved caustic crossings during the source star’s entrance and exit of the caustic yields an angular Einstein radius of mas. The measured and indicate that the lens is a binary composed of two stars with masses and ∼0.15 M⊙, and is located at a distance of ∼6 kpc. From the color and brightness of the lens estimated from its determined mass and distance, it is expected that ∼2/3 of the I-band blended flux comes from the lens. Therefore, the event is a rare case of a bright lens event for which high-resolution follow-up observations can confirm its nature.
Diagnostic plots in beta-regression models

Two diagnostic plots for selecting explanatory variables are introduced to assess the accuracy of a generalized beta-linear model. The added variable plot is developed to examine the need for adding a new explanatory variable to the model. The constructed variable plot is developed to identify the nonlinearity of the explanatory variable in the model. The two diagnostic procedures are also useful for detecting unusual observations that may affect the regression much. Simulation studies and analysis of two practical examples are conducted to illustrate the performances of the proposed plots.
Vortex dissipation and level dynamics for layered superconductors with impurities

We study parametric level statistics of the discretized excitation spectra inside a moving vortex core in layered superconductors with impurities. The universal conductivity is evaluated numerically for the various values of rescaled vortex velocities $\kappa$ from the clean case to the dirty limit case. The random matrix theoretical prediction is verified numerically in the large $\kappa$ regime. On the contrary in the low velocity regime, we observe $\sigma_{xx} \propto \kappa^{2/3}$ which is consistent with the theoretical result for the super-clean case, where the energy dissipation is due to the Landau-Zener transition which takes place at the points called ``avoided crossing''.
New application of NV centers in CVD diamonds as a fluorescent nuclear track detector

NV (nitrogen vacancy) center in a diamond is utilized for FNTD (fluorescent nuclear track detector) for the first time. We performed high energy heavy ion irradiation to single crystal type‐IIa diamonds with various nitrogen concentrations. After high temperature annealing, the nitrogen impurity combined with the vacancies created by a single ion strike. As a result the ion track is visualized as a train of fluorescent NV centers formed. We successfully observe the ion track in both HPHT (high pressure high temperature) and CVD (chemical vapor deposition) diamonds by using the laser scanning confocal microscope. We therefore conclude that a diamond containing nitrogen impurity is able to be used for FNTD.
First-principles study of Si 34-x Ge x clathrates: Direct wide-gap semiconductors in Si-Ge alloys

Energetics and electronic states of ${\mathrm{Si}}_{34\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{x}$ clathrate alloys have been investigated. The atomistic structures, the equations of state, and the lineup of band structures for these clathrates are calculated using the Vanderbilt ultra-soft pseudopotential method within the local-density-functional formalism. Some of these ${\mathrm{Si}}_{34\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{x}$ clathrate alloys with an ideal $\mathrm{Fd}3\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}m$ symmetry are found to have direct band gap at the $\ensuremath{\pi}/a(111)$ (L) point in the Brillouin zone. The entire band gap of the ${\mathrm{Si}}_{34\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{x}$ alloys is predicted to range between 1.2 and 2.0 eV. The total-energy difference between these clathrate alloys and the well-known ${\mathrm{sp}}^{3}$ Si-Ge alloys is less than 0.08 eV/atom. A method to synthesize these clathrate systems is also discussed. These Si-Ge clathrate alloys may find applications in optoelectronics semiconductor devices based on the Group-IV elements.
New scenario for the early evolution of the Universe

We propose that the Universe was created from ``nothing'' with a relatively small number of particles and quickly relaxed to a quasiequilibrium state at the Planck parameters. The classic cosmological solution for this Universe with a $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ term has two branches divided by a gap. The quantum process of tunneling between the cosmological solution branches and kinetics of the second order relativistic phase transition in a supersymmetric SU(5) model on GUT scale are investigated using numerical methods. The Einstein equations are solved together with the equations of relaxation kinetics. Another quantum geometrodynamics process (the bounce from a singularity) and the Wheeler-DeWitt equation are also investigated. The computer experiments show that because of the rapid character of the relaxation processes and the absence in the inflaton potential of peculiarities that are able to delay the system in the overcooled phase, the usual type of inflation regime is not realized. For the formation of the observed number of particles a model of a slowly swelling Universe as the result of the multiple reproduction of cosmological cycles arises naturally.
Electrolytic formation of nanoapertures for scanning near-field optical microscopy

Aperture probes for near-field optical microscopy were produced by controlled all solid state electrolysis. Control of both the ionic current and light transmission provided reproducible probe tips with aperture diameters in the sub-50 nm range and flat end faces. High resolution scanning near-field optical microscopy images were obtained with these probes. As a by-product, the formation of an electrolytic nanometer-sized contact was observed.
Simulation Estimation of Mixed Discrete Choice Models with the Use of Randomized Quasi–Monte Carlo Sequences

The overall performance of the quasi–Monte Carlo (QMC) sequences proposed by Halton and Faure, as well as their scrambled versions, are numerically compared against each other and against the Latin hypercube sampling sequence in the context of the simulated likelihood estimation of a mixed multinomial logit model of choice. In addition, the efficiency of the QMC sequences generated with and without scrambling is compared across observations, and the performance of the Box–Muller and inverse normal transform procedures is tested. Numerical experiments were performed in five dimensions with 25, 125, and 625 draws and in 10 dimensions with 100 draws. Results indicate that the Faure sequence consistently outperforms the Halton sequence and that the scrambled versions of the Faure sequence perform best overall.
NASH-TYPE INEQUALITIES AND HEAT KERNELS FOR NON-LOCAL DIRICHLET FORMS

We use an elementary method to obtain Nash-type inequalities for non- local Dirichlet forms on d-sets. We obtain two-sided estimates for the corresponding heat kernels if the walk dimensions of heat kernels are less than two; these estimates are obtained by combining probabilistic and analytic methods. Our arguments partly simplify those used in Chen and Kumagi (Heat kernel estimates for stable-like processes on d-sets. Stochastic Process Appl. 108 (2003), 27-62).
Effective temperatures and luminosities of very hot O type subdwarfs

Twelve very hot O-type subdwarfs were observed with the IUE-satellite in the low dispersion mode. Temperatures were derived from the slopes of the UV continua and distances were estimated from the color excesses. Most of them are hotter than 60,000 K, i.e., they are the hottest known subdwarfs. From their spectral appearance and location in a H.R. -diagram, they form a rather inhomogeneous group. Three of them turned out to be central stars or nearly central stars, and four are definitely near the white dwarf stage. The surface helium to hydrogen ratio varies from about normal to the extreme case. Most of them appear to be post EHB objectives of 0.5 solar mass with a helium burning shell as their energy source, and their peculiar helium-to-hydrogen ratios are most likely the result of diffusion and convective mixing in surface layers. Previously announced in STAR as N83-23254
Preliminary Investigation of Certain Aspects of Intonation

Intonation is the linguistic form in which the speaker organizes certain kinds of information. It is well known that intonation is related to the fundamental frequency pattern of the speech wave, but it must also be related to changes along other acoustic dimensions because the intonation “tones” are still recognizable in whispered speech. The fundamental frequency, intensity, spectrum, and duration changes associated with six intonation “tones” were investigated. The need for further work of this kind was indicated. The relation of acoustic variables and intonation was further investigated by using speech synthesis. Syllables with the same spectrum and intensity were generated in which the fundamental frequencies were controlled by the intensity variations of humanly produced syllables spoken on six different intonation “tones. ” The test established that the synthesized syllables conveyed some of the information about the intonation of the humanly produced syllables. Methods for carrying out experiments .
Direct observation of non-thermal influence in the process of photo-induced ferromagnetic resonance in (Ga,Mn)As

Excitation dynamics of photo-induced ferromagnetic resonance (phi-FMR) in (Ga,Mn)As is investigated at both ps and ns time regions with time-resolved magneto-optical (MO) and reflectivity measurements by using pump-probe technique with a fs-laser source in the regime of weak excitation (0.34 - 3.4 μJ/cm2 per pulse). Magnetization precession is observed as oscillating MO signals in ns timescale for the excitation energy hv extending from 1.41 eV to 1.65 eV. Rapidly oscillating and spike-like signals appearing at the onset of phi-FMR within 1ps are analyzed with Landau- Lifshitz-Bloch (LLB) equation and convoluted autocorrelation function, from which those signals are identified as the optical effects due to autocorrelation between pump and probe, but not due to ultrafast demagnetization. Our results, in particular, the occurrence of phi-FMR with the photon energy smaller than the GaAs bandgap energy (hv 1.51 eV at 10 K) without ultrafast demagnetization, suggests a new mechanism of controlling magnetic anisotropy with Mninduced states in the band gap of (Ga,Mn)As.
A "Quantum-Like" Approach to the Genetic Code

A “quantum-like” analogy, introduced in 1998 by Rakocevic in his study of the bio-synthetic amino acid precursors, with the prime “quantum O37” in the background, is also considered in this paper as a guiding line of thought. We use and extend his results to derive (i) the multiplet structure of the standard genetic code, in a completely new and original way and (ii) several physicochemical quantities, as the number of nucleons in the 61 coded amino acids, the number of nucleons in 20, 23 and 61 amino acid biosynthetic precursors, the number of nucleons in 23 amino acids signals (AASs), the number of atoms in the 64 DNA-codons and in the 64 RNA-codons, and several other interesting quantities. In this way, we show that the fundamental set of seven fundamental amino acid precursors grouped into six amino acid families appears more informative than the larger set of twenty canonical amino acids. In a second part, we find once more a conspicuous numeric “manifestation” of serine, its protonated/neutral octamers and several other serine clusters; these clusters, in particular the serine octamer are thought to have been key players in the origin of homochirality. Also, we find, encoded, water (H2O), and, interestingly, the exact number of its characteristic water-water Hydrogen-Bond Contact/Non-Contact configurations (or “degeneracies”) according to the body-centered cubic (bcc) lattice gas model for water.
Groupes de Kac-Moody d\'eploy\'es sur un corps local, II Masures ordonn\'ees

For a split Kac-Moody group (in J. Tits' definition) over a field endowed with a real valuation, we build an ordered affine hovel on which the group acts. This construction generalizes the one already done by S. Gaussent and the author when the residue field contains the complex field [Annales Fourier, 58 (2008), 2605-2657] and the one by F. Bruhat and J. Tits when the group is reductive. We prove that this hovel has all properties of ordered affine hovels (masures affines ordonn\'ees) as defined in [Rousseau, ArXiv 0810.4241]. We use the maximal Kac-Moody group as defined by O. Mathieu and we prove a few new results about it over any field; in particular we prove, in some cases, a simplicity result for this group.
Analytical Study and Structure of a Stationary Radiative Shock

In this paper we study the radiative shock that arises in certain situations in astrophysics (among others, supernovae, accretion flows, and stars formation). However, it is clear that the high-energy lasers (LIL, LMJ, NIF) will produce plasma flows with hydrodynamics dominated by radiation. Usually, only the radiation flux is considered, and the radiation pressure and energy are neglected. In this paper, in addition to the radiation flux, we take into account the total (matter plus radiation) energy density and pressure. We derive the corresponding generalized Rankine-Huguoniot equations, and it turns out that we can get analytically the structure of the radiative shock. It is shown that three distinct regimes arise; when the Mach number increases (but is small enough), the shock evolves from a continuous structure to a discontinuous one (a discontinuity appears between the shocked medium and the fluid at rest). It is seen then, that this discontinuity disappears for very high values of the Mach number. These behaviors are due to the presence of radiation. Moreover, a precursor develops into the unshocked medium, and scaling laws are derived to obtain the width of the shock and the length of the precursor in terms of the Mach number. Finally, the assumption of the LTE approximation is examined.
One-loop phi-MHV amplitudes using the unitarity bootstrap

We consider a Higgs boson coupled to gluons via the five-dimensional effective operator HtrGμνGμν produced by considering the heavy top quark limit of the one-loop coupling of Higgs and gluons in the standard model. We treat H as the real part of a complex field that couples to the selfdual gluon field strengths and compute the one-loop corrections to amplitudes involving , two colour adjacent negative helicity gluons and an arbitrary number of positive helicity gluons - the so-called -MHV amplitudes. We use four-dimensional unitarity to construct the cut-containing contributions and the recently developed recursion relations to obtain the rational contribution for an arbitrary number of external gluons. We solve the recursion relations and give explicit results for up to four external gluons. These amplitudes are relevant for Higgs plus jet production via gluon fusion in the limit where the top quark mass is large compared to all other scales in the problem.
The Singular Fiber of the Hitchin Map

Given any line bundle L of positive degree, on a compact Riemann surface, let $M_L^\Lambda$ be the moduli space of L-twisted Higgs pairs of rank 2 with fixed determinant isomorphic to $\Lambda$ and traceless Higgs field. We give a description of the singular fibre of the Hitchin map $H:M^L_\Lambda\to H^0(L^2)$, when the corresponding spectral curve has any singularity of type $A_{m-1}$. In particular, we prove directly that this fibre is connected.
Quantum discord and multipartite correlations

Recently, it was realized that quantum discord can be seen as the minimal amount of correlations which are lost when some local quantum operations are performed. Based on this formulation of quantum discord, we provide a systematical analysis of quantum and classical correlations present in both bipartite and multipartite quantum systems. As a natural result of this analysis, we introduce a new measure of the overall quantum correlations which is lower bounded by quantum discord.
Time-resolved measurements with a vortex flowmeter in a pulsating turbulent flow using wavelet analysis

Vortex flowmeters are commonly employed in technical applications and are obtainable in a variety of commercially available types. However their robustness and accuracy can easily be impaired by environmental conditions, such as inflow disturbances and/or pulsating conditions. Various post-processing techniques of the vortex signal have been used, but all of these methods are so far targeted on obtaining an improved estimate of the time-averaged bulk velocity. Here, on the other hand, we propose, based on wavelet analysis, a straightforward way to utilize the signal from a vortex shedder to extract the time-resolved and thereby the phase-averaged velocity under pulsatile flow conditions. The method was verified with hot-wire and laser Doppler velocimetry measurements.
Azimuthal anisotropy at RHIC: the first and fourth harmonics

We report the ﬁrst observations of the ﬁrst harmonic (directed ﬂow, v 1 ), and the fourth harmonic ( v 4 ), in the azimuthal distribution of particles with respect to the reaction plane in Au+Au collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Both measurements were done taking advantage of the large elliptic ﬂow ( v 2 ) generated at RHIC. From the correlation of v 2 with v 1 it is determined that v 2 is positive, or in-plane . The integrated v 4 is about a factor of 10 smaller than v 2 . For the sixth ( v 6 ) and eighth ( v 8 ) harmonics upper limits on the magnitudes are reported.
On the distribution of the maximum of bivariate normal random variables with general means and variances

A great amount of effort has been devoted to achieving exact expressions for moments of order statistics of independent normal random variables, as well as the dependent case with the same correlation coefficients, means and variances. It does not seem as if there are handy formulae for the order statistics of even the simple bivariate normal random variables when the means and variances are allowed to be different. In this paper we give an explicit formula for the Lanl ace-Stielties Transform of the maximum of bivariate normal random variables by which we obtain formulae for the first two moments in the standard way.
Enhancement of the polar coercive force for annealed Co/Ir(111) ultrathin films

The alloy formation and the magnetic properties of Co/Ir(111) ultrathin films have been investigated. As the temperature is increased above 400 K, interdiffusion of Co and the Ir substrate occurs. Due to a compositional change in the surface layers, the polar coercive force is greatly enhanced. At temperatures above 600 K, magnetic hysteresis appears only in the polar configuration. This shows that the easy axis of the magnetization of Co/Ir(111) may be stabilized in the direction of the surface normal by thermal-annealing treatments. From systematic investigations of Co/Ir(111) ultrathin films thinner than 4 monolayers, a magnetic phase diagram has been established. According to the compositional changes and related magnetic properties, the phase diagram can be separated into three regions. In region I at temperatures below 400 K, Co films are ferromagnetic. In region II where atomic interdiffusion occurs in the surface layers, an enhanced polar coercive force is observed. The phase transition from phase I to II is related to the interdiffusion between the Co overlayer and the iridium substrate. In region III for low coverage or at high temperatures, a nonferromagnetic behavior is observed. The phase transition from phase II to III is mainly due to the reduced atomic percent of cobalt in the Co-Ir alloy and to the lowered Curie temperature caused by a reduction in the thickness of the magnetic layers.
Strategies for sound localization in birds

The ability of an animal to localize sound is correlated with its ethological niche. Birds face a particularly difficult task in sound localization, since they must localize well in both azimuth and elevation: The azimuth of a target is of no use to an airborne predator unless it can also determine the target's elevation. Furthermore birds must perform sound localization with access to only a limited range of low sound frequencies (<12 kHz), with heads that provide little sound shadow, and with ears that have no pinnae and are close together. However behavioral, physiological, and anatomical data suggest that the auditory systems of birds are capable of extremely fine time resolution. Also, birds have elaborated a large, patent air canal connecting their two middle ears that might improve the directional properties of their ears. Finally, some birds have developed asymmetrical ears that cause interaural time and interaural intensity cues to assume different axes of symmetry. It is proposed that these adaptations permit birds to achieve a high level of sound localization ability, the best of which rivals, and may exceed that of man. [Work supported by NIH. ]
Bends and splitters in metal-dielectric-metal subwavelength plasmonic waveguides

We investigate the performance of bends and splitters in metal-dielectric-metal subwavelength plasmonic waveguides. We show that bends and splitters with no additional loss over a very wide frequency range can be designed for metal-dielectric-metal waveguides with center layer thickness small compared to the wavelength. We also introduce the concept of characteristic impedance for such systems to account for their behavior.