Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Vibration on the Operation of Decimal Input Devices1

A series of three experimental studies was conducted to determine the relative effects of mechanical vibration on decimal input performance. Six input panels were used, involving four basic types of controls: push buttons, toggle switches, rotary switches, and thumbwheels. Subjects were engineer/pilots who were given the task of inserting eight-digit decimal numbers. Twelve subjects were used in the first and second studies, ten in the third. The dependent measures were speed, accuracy, preference, and estimated speed and accuracy. The first study was conducted in an office environment. The second study was conducted under a control condition and 0.5 RMSg (2–30 Hz.) random vertical vibration; the third study was conducted under five levels of 2–30 Hz. random vertical vibration (0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 RMSg). No single device was best in terms of speed, accuracy, and preference. The overall effect of vibration was to degrade performance.
A prototype of a hierarchical global logistics network planning model

In this article, we present a prototype Global Logistics (GL) networks planning model in which the GL facilities such as hubs and depots are hierarchically characterised. The proposed method is developed based on the fundamentals of hierarchical cluster analysis and integer programming techniques to determine the corresponding types, locations and numbers of service areas of facilities involved in the proposed GL networks with the goal of minimising the corresponding costs and risks of network configurations. Particularly, the potential risk-oriented costs such as macro-environmental-risk and micro-operational-risk costs are taken into account in the proposal model. In addition, a case study aiming at air express delivery enterprises is conducted to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed methodology.
Editor's Corner: Wrestling with "The Box": Where Creativity and Standards Meet

WE HAVE ALL HEARD, and perhaps even used, the expression "thinking outside of the box" to indicate a creative process. I use it frequently. But I had a bit of a jolt last week as I filled out the boxes on one of my company's forms-this one a "project start-up" form, but we also have expense statements, timesheets, personnel requisitions, project management updates, business development call reports, vacation requests, and many others. Hating forms at least as much as any other sentient being, I feared suddenly that the boxes on these forms were those boxes needing to be thought outside of. And, for a moment or two, I excoriated myself roundly for participating in the construction of those boxes; certainly in so doing I must have hampered my own creativity and, worse, that of my staff, whom I so regularly admonish to "think outside of the box. " As I thought more about the relationship between boxes and creativity, however, my dread of the imminent death of imagination passed, and the forms were spared the shredder. After all, my idea about having a history consulting business with multiple employees working together on behalf of clients was in fact nothing more than an idea until some type of implementation occurred, that is, some type of structure. As it grew, we needed to develop some administrative systems for staying within employment and tax laws and for insuring equitable treatment of personnel. Perhaps more important, as we participated in more and more projects, we came to
Multidisciplinary points of entry to Organizational Knowledge Communication

Knowledge is the resource par excellence permeating and catalyzing social development today (e.g. Lyotard, 1984[1979], Qvortrup, 2003, and Stehr, 1994). As the general body of knowledge grows, the pressure for specialization and expertise is increased (e.g. Berger and Luckmann 1991[1966]) something which in turn leads to the formation of ever more specialized organizations (e.g. Luhmann, 1995[1985] and Giddens, 1990). While this may increase the risk of fragmentation and isolation, it certainly enhances complexity of knowledge (Casadevall and Fang, 2014). Within already established scientific fields, such as knowledge management, numerous journals are focused on solving these challenges of complexity, theoretically as well as practically. They tend to favor strategies of conceptual simplification focusing on the application of research to contribute directly to solving practical, managerial problems, such as defining the concept of ‘the knowledge worker’ and understanding the role of IT in capturing, coding and sharing knowledge in organizations (Grant, 2011). Many of these journals thereby assume somewhat conventional approaches to the concept of knowledge and to the dynamics of knowledge – e.g. a sender-receiver perspective on the transfer of cognitive products from one specialized corporate unit to another. Whereas this perspective continues to be extremely valuable for practitioners, it tends to assume a blatant reduction of complexity inherent to the concept of knowledge and knowledge intensive processes. In stark opposition to this view, we believe that it is this very complexity that has made knowledge a key aspect of social development, and we therefore view it as imperative to discuss and debate as well as examine and explore the concept of knowledge in its full complexity. The Journal of Organizational Knowledge Communication (JOOKC) is created as a direct response to what we see as an uncritical acceptance of the ubiquitousness of the call for a reduction of complexity when dealing with – be it in theory or in practice – the concept of knowledge.
An optimization algorithm for freeway traffic control

This paper presents a discrete time optimal control formulation for the freeway ramp metering problem and a computationally efficient procedure to solve it. The problem has a special structure: its control constraints can be reduced to box constraints through a variable transformation. This transformed problem is solved using a modified quasi-Newton method, which is shown to be superior to the conjugate gradient method in cases where traffic dynamics is more complicated.
Spatial Distribution and Reserves Estimation of Soil Organic Carbon Based on GIS in Maiji Area of Tianshui

The soil organic carbon density and storage of Maiji Area of Tianshui was estmiated, using the data of 6060 soil profile from the second soil survey of China and formulating fertilization for soil conditions in 2008. Integrating the soil map, land use status map and district map of Maiji Area of Tianshui, the index of the characteristic of soil organic distribution in different soil and soil layers were analyzed. Results showed: the soil of Maiji area have low average density, when soil secondary census, depths of 5cm,20cm,1m average density of organic carbon are 0.92kg•m-2,3.31kg•m-2,7.79kg•m-2 respectively, average density of organic carbon at depth of 20cm is 2.43 kg•m-2 in 2008 years, As a standard of Yu Dongsheng’s (2005) estimation of average density of 9.60 kg•m-2 in the depth of 1m all over the China, Maiji area 1m deep soil organic carbon density is lower 1.91kg•m-2 than the average density of whole country; The calculation of the secondary survey, reserves of organic carbon in surface soil (0-5cm) is about 4.83×106t, reserves of organic carbon in fall (0-20cm) is about 12.46×106t, reserves of soil organic carbon in 1m depth is about 45.17×106t, reserves of soil organic carbon in fall (0-20cm) is about 18.55×106t in 2008 years. In a word, the soil organic carbon storage was relatively indigent in Maiji Area of Tianshui.
Utility Optimization of Federated Learning with Differential Privacy

Secure and trusted cross-platform knowledge sharing is significant for modern intelligent data analysis. To address the trade-off problems between privacy and utility in complex federated learning, a novel differentially private federated learning framework is proposed. First, the impact of data heterogeneity of participants on global model accuracy is analyzed quantitatively based on 1-Wasserstein distance. Then, we design a multilevel and multiparticipant dynamic allocation method of privacy budget to reduce the injected noise, and the utility can be improved efficiently. Finally, they are integrated, and a novel adaptive differentially private federated learning algorithm (A-DPFL) is designed. Comprehensive experiments on redefined non-I.I. D MNIST and CIFAR-10 datasets are conducted, and the results demonstrate the superiority of model accuracy, convergence, and robustness.
Wireless Local Area Networking for Farm Operations and Farm Management

High speed wireless data communication on farms has a large potential application which has already shown economical benefits in the two test farms where we have applied the technology. Because information is entered only once in hand-held devices connected wirelessly to the WLAN, transcription errors are minimized. Application maps which have been hand-carried by high-level technicians or professionals to the application equipment now can be transmitted directly to the equipment, saving significant amount of time and labor of high-level (high-cost) personnel. Similarly, data from the farm equipment can be transmitted directly to the farm base of operations at high speed saving time and money.
Calibration and Work in the X-Ray Economy, 1896-1928

In this paper, I juxtapose three periods in the history of x-rays: the 1890s, 1900-18 and 1918-28. During these three periods, x-ray work went from cacophony to symphony: to begin with, x-ray workers each `did their own thing', and comparison of results was difficult, if not impossible; but by the 1920s there was great coordination, culminating in an international standard of x-ray intensity. I show this development by characterizing calibration techniques, the organization of x-ray work and the x-ray economy, in each of these three periods. The aim of the paper is to show that standards (a topic of central concern in science studies) can be applied with great utility in fields that are usually compartmentalized and isolated: history of science, labour history and economic history.
Wavelength sensitive polarimeter for multichannel polarization and PMD monitoring

We have demonstrated a broadband, wavelength sensitive polarimeter suitable for multichannel polarization and PMD monitoring. We were able to measure channel degree of polarisation (DOP), differential group delay (DGD), and principal state of polarisation (PSP) without any signal modulation at the transmitter. The WSP also has reduced polarization sensitivity when measuring channel power.
Virtual Qualification Using Field Life Temperature Data

A method is presented that converts field life temperature data collected underhood during actual driving conditions into a segmented temperature cycling life cycle profile using rainflow counting techniques. This profile can then be used as the true field condition in performing Physics of Failure based virtual qualification or accelerated testing of an automotive engine control unit operating in an elevated temperature environment. The specific elements of this method and its validation on an engine control unit will be presented.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Flood Risk Assessment of Complex Riverine Systems

For over two decades, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) has required that all of their planning processes address the Nation's water resources needs in a systems context. Corps policy also requires that all flood damage reduction studies adopt risk analysis. While the USACE has these requirements, there is little guidance and few tools to support them. For this reason, the USACE Institute for Water Resources (IWR) sponsored investigations into the development of a new tool to analyze complex riverine systems while implementing the current flood risk analysis and systems requirements. This new tool, currently called HEC-FRM or Flood Risk Management, is the next generation of the Hydrologic Engineering Center's Flood Damage Analysis (HEC-FDA) model. This paper will present the model development for this tool which will be used for levee certification and assessment, planning and design studies, and advance the Corps modeling approach for risk analysis.
A Platform to Integrate Manufacturing Engineering and Product Lifecycle Management

Abstract The procedure for the creation of new products in industrial companies is typically distributed in different organizational units. Each of these units uses its specific methods and tools, resulting in a fragmented procedure with non-continuous flows of data and information. In this paper, an integrating but open platform for the engineering of products and production systems is introduced. To support engineers, the platform includes support modules based on semantics, heuristics, and visualization.
Condition monitoring of low‐speed and heavily loaded rolling element bearing

Purpose – This paper sets out to develop a reliable analysis method based upon a low‐cost procedure to monitor the wear condition of low‐speed and heavily loaded rolling element bearing.Design/methodology/approach – Special solvents for grease are invented and new test methods, including spectroscopy and ferrography of used grease, are developed to monitor the wear condition of a deferred bearing of ladle turret in continuous casting.Findings – According to the analytical results, the service life of the ladle turret bearing in No. 1 continuous casting machine is extended to 14 years and significant expense is saved, which proved that it is feasible for grease analysis to be used in the condition monitoring of low speed and heavily loaded rolling element bearing, especially those deferrable bearings.Research limitations/implications – The fault mechanism of the huge bearing is not estimated.Practical implications – One useful analysis method to monitor the wear condition of low speed and heavily loaded ro.
Assessment of micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) accelerometers built into off the shelf mobile consumer electronic devices for the measurement of human standing balance

point about which the mass of an object is evenly distributed (Enoka, 2002), whereas the base of support includes the area beneath and between the points of contact that an object has with the ground (McGinnis, 2005). For an object to be in a state of static equilibrium, the line of gravity must fall within the base of support. If the line of gravity does not fall within the base of support, the object will no longer be in static equilibrium, or balanced, and will fall. Here, the line of gravity is a vertical line extending through the center of mass to the ground. The point at which this line intersects the support surface is known as the center of pressure (Winter, 1995).
Life-Cycle Environmental Effects of an Office Building

This paper quantifies the significant environmental aspects of a new high-end office building over 50 years of service life. A comprehensive environmental life-cycle assessment—including data quality assessment—was conducted to provide detailed information for establishing the causal connection between the different life-cycle elements and potential environmental impacts. The results show that most of the impacts are associated with electricity use and building materials manufacturing—in particular, electricity used in lighting, HVAC systems, and outlets; heat conduction through the structures; manufacturing and maintenance of steel; manufacturing of concrete and paint; water use and wastewater generation; and office waste management. Construction and demolition were found to have relatively insignificant impacts. The identified most significant aspects are quite predominant; 7% of all counted aspects cover over 50% of the life-cycle impacts. Practical applications of the study’s results could be in the e.
Contents of biogenic components in surface waters of small catchments in the Zielonka Forest

Quality of surface waters is at present one of the most essential issues in studies on environmental protection. Increasing water demand, observed in recent years, leads to the necessity to protect its resources, not only in terms of quantity, but also quality (Szafranski 2007). Dynamics of translocation of different mineral and organic compounds and their different chemical forms is dependent on many factors, the major ones being catchment management, soil type, mineral fertilization and precipitation (Ilnicki 2002, Szpakowska and Karlik 2002). In recent years considerable changes have been implemented in farming methods applied in agriculture, characterized by reduced application of mineral fertilizers and chemical plant protection agents. However, it needs to be stressed that water transport of chemical compounds depends on many factors (soil properties, topography, weather conditions and cultivation measures) and may be a very long process, lasting from several to over a dozen years (Ryszkowski 1992). Thus the basic action aiming at the improvement of water quality is to reduce the inflow of biogenic elements, such as: nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (Blazejewska et al. 2003). The aim of the study was to assess contents of biogenic components in surface waters of small catchments located in the Zielonka Forest.
Characterization and optimization of a multiterawatt CPA laser system using SPIDER

We present a device for spectral phase pulse diagnosis assembled to optimize and control pulse compression in our chirped pulse amplification (CPA) laser system at Laboratorio de Lasers Intensos (L2I). The device uses the spectral interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction (SPIDER) technique and, together with a pulse spectral intensity acquisition, allows the complete temporal and spectral characterization of the pulses. Using the device and our own real-time software we successfully optimized the compression and characterized the final terawatt pulses. We also describe here a new simple interferometric method to directly measure a calibration constant of the SPIDER setup and control the temporal overlapping of the two replicas and chirped pulse in SPIDER. A study is presented that allows the measure of chirps in pulses far above the normally accepted dispersion limit of a SPIDER diagnosis.
Vehicle ECU classification based on safety-security characteristics

An upcoming trend for automotive manufacturers is to perform remote diagnostics and firmware updates over the air, which allows identifying hardware problems and correction of software flaws with minimal customer inconvenience. These procedures require that the previously isolated in-vehicle network permits external communication, which introduces a number of security risks, e.g., cyber attack threats. In this paper, we identify cyber attack threats and classify the electronic control units (ECUs) in the in-vehicle network to assist in determining which ones to protect and restrict access to. We divide the ECUs into five categories: powertrain, vehicle safety, comfort, infotainment, and telematics. We then use four safety integrity levels to classify the ECU categories. Moreover, we define safety effect levels of security threats which are used to classify identified attacks in the remote diagnostics and firmware updates over the air procedures. The safety and security levels are combined to classify the ECU categories. From the results we conclude that ECU categories such as powertrain and vehicle safety require further protection prior to introducing remote connectivity. As a conclusion, we suggest that automotive manufacturers should emphasize security or restrict the remote diagnostics and firmware updates over the air procedures to certain ECUs.
Nutzen und Grenzen von 3D-Anzeigen in Fahrzeugen

iii Danksagung. v 1 Einleitung . 1 2 Definition von 3D-Anzeigen . 5 3 Vorund Nachteile von 3D-Anzeigen. 9 3.1 Vorteile von 3D-Anzeigen . 9 3.1. 1 Integration.9 3.1. 2 Visualisierung von Relationen.13 3.1. 3 Räumliche Kompatibilität . 16 3.1. 4 Aufmerksamkeitslenkung.19 3.1. 5 Bildhaftigkeit . 22 3.1. 6 Attraktivität. 28 3.2 Nachteile von 3D-Anzeigen. 30 4 Anwendungsmöglichkeiten von 3D-Anzeigen in Fahrzeugen . 33 4.1 Aufgaben des Fahrers . 34 4.2 Fragenkatalog zu den Vorund Nachteilen von 3D-Anzeigen . 36 4.3 Auswahl einer Beispielaufgabe . 38 4.4 Aufgabenanalyse zur Verwendung von 3D-Anzeigen. 40 4.5 Fazit . 43 5 Gestaltungsaspekte von 3D-Anzeigen in Fahrzeugen. 45 5.1 Nutzungskontext Fahrzeug . 45 5.2 Ergonomische Anforderungen an 3D-Anzeigen in Fahrzeugen. 47 5.3 Räumliche Tiefenwahrnehmung und Tiefenkriterien . 48 5.3.1 Bildhafte monokulare Tiefenkriterien . 49 5.3.2 Bewegungsinduzierte Tiefenkriterien.50 5.3. 3 Okulomotorische Tiefenkriterien.51 5.3. 4 Stereoskopische Disparität als Tiefenkriterium.51 5.3. 5 Bewertung und Auswahl der Tiefenkriterien.53 5.3. 6 Fazit . 56 5.4 Stereoskopische Anzeigen . 56 5.4.1 Einsatzbedingungen für stereoskopische Anzeigen . 56 5.4.2 Technologien stereoskopischer Anzeigen.58 5.4.3 Maßeinheiten und Stereoparameter . 60 5.4.4 Gestaltungshinweise für stereoskopische Anzeigen.60 5.4.5 Fazit . 62 5.5 Geometrische Parameter einer virtuellen 3D-Szene. 63 5.6 Perspektive . 65 5.7 Visuelle Hilfsmittel . 69
Monitoring of Tool Wear States in Turning Based on Wavelet Analysis

In this paper, a novel signal processing tool, the wavelet transform, was applied to monitor the flank wear states in turning. The wavelet transforms were implemented by FWT(fast wavelet transform)based on a QMF(quadrature mirror filter). The expansion coefficients d(j, k)with time-frequency feature obtained by FWT were used as recognition parameters of the flank wear states. The dynamic characteristics of the cutting force signals were analyzed separately using the wavelet transform and the Fourier transform. The abilities of these two transforms for analyzing and recognizing the flank wear states were compared. The experimental and analytical results show that when monitoring the flank wear states during turning, the wavelet analysis is more sensitive, more reliable and faster than the Fourier analysis.
Classroom assistants in primary schools: Employment and deployment

The study investigates the ways in which classroom assistants in primary schools are deployed in classrooms, and the terms and conditions under which they are employed. The number of classroom assistants in primary schools has grown considerably in recent years, but very little is known about their work. Despite this, government policy is paying increasing attention to their potential to contribute to raising standards of achievement. The study aimed to understand the range of practices which govern the employment of classroom assistants, and the range of ways in which they are deployed in classrooms. The study sought to understand the factors that determine employment practices and patterns of deployment, and the way in which these are interrelated. The study contributes to the growing debate on professional and para-professional roles in primary schools. The study uses a combination of large sample survey and small scale case study methodology. In the first phase, policy and practice in three LEAs were explored through semi-structured interviews with key informants among LEA staff and representatives of trade unions and professional associations. In the second phase, questionnaires were sent to a large sample of schools in these three LEAs for completion by the head teacher, a classroom assistant and a teacher. The returns from LEA 3 were very low and therefore not included in this phase. Finally, three schools in LEA 1 and two schools in LEA 2 were chosen for in-depth case studies, drawing data from non-participant observation and semi-structured interviews with school staff.