Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determinants of the Implementation of Agroecological Practices among Smallholder Farmers in Singida District, Tanzania

Agroecological farming is considered to be among the suitable approach toward sustainable food systems and environmental conservation. Characteristically agroecology is at low cost as it does not depend on expensive external inputs. Similar to other forms of more sustainable agriculture, implementation of its practices is generally low. There is scant information regarding the causes for its low implementation. This paper, therefore, looks into the determinants of the implementation of agroecological practices among smallholder farmers in Singida District, Tanzania. Specifically, the study uses data from household survey, focus group discussions, and key informants’ interviews. The study employed both descriptive and inferential analysis to establish determinants of the adoption of agroecological practices. A multiple linear regression model was employed to analyze the factors for decision to use agroecological practices, using a cross-sectional data from 160 randomly selected households. Thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. The study findings indicate that the dominant agroecological practices are the application of organic fertilizers (such as farm yard manure, composite and green manure), intercropping, and crop rotation. The results, also show income, education level of the household head, distance from homestead to the farm, training on agroecology and land ownership were found to be associated with the implementation decision of agroecological practices by farming households. Besides, about 75% of farmers who decide to implement agroecology practices were those who access to training supports from FRN project. Based on the study findings, The Government and other stakeholders should insist more on improving training services to increase the implementation of agroecological practices. Also, the study recommends diversification of income sources on the farmers’ side by engaging in both on-farm and off-farm activities such as petty business to increase income which in turn will enable them to invest in the implementation of agroecology practices.
Hearts of t-structures in the derived category of a commutative Noetherian ring

Let $R$ be a commutative Noetherian ring and let $\mathcal D(R)$ be its (unbounded) derived category. We show that all compactly generated t-structures in $\mathcal D(R)$ associated to a left bounded filtration by supports of Spec$(R)$ have a heart which is a Grothendieck category. Moreover, we identify all compactly generated t-structures in $\mathcal D(R)$ whose heart is a module category. As geometric consequences for a compactly generated t-structure $(\mathcal{U},\mathcal{U}^\perp [1])$ in the derived category $\mathcal{D}(\mathbb{X})$ of a Noetherian scheme $\mathbb{X}$, we get the following: 1) If the sequence $(\mathcal{U}[-n]\cap\mathcal{D}^{\leq 0}(\mathbb{X}))_{n\in\mathbb{N}}$ is stationnary, then the heart $\mathcal{H}$ is a Grothendieck category; 2) If $\mathcal{H}$ is a module category, then $\mathcal{H}$ is always equivalent to $\text{Qcoh}(\mathbb{Y})$, for some affine subscheme $\mathbb{Y}\subseteq\mathbb{X}$; 3) If $\mathbb{X}$ is connected, then: a) when $\bigcap_{k\in\mathbb{Z}}\mathcal{U}[k]=0$, the heart $\mathcal{H}$ is a module category if, and only if, the given t-structure is a translation of the canonical t-estructure in $\mathcal{D}(\mathbb{X})$; b) when $\mathbb{X}$ is irreducible, the heart $\mathcal{H}$ is a module category if, and only if, there are an affine subscheme $\mathbb{Y}\subseteq\mathbb{X}$ and an integer $m$ such that $\mathcal{U}$ consists of the complexes $U\in\mathcal{D}(\mathbb{X})$ such that the support of $H^j(U)$ is in $\mathbb{X}\setminus\mathbb{Y}$, for all $j>m$.
Urban-rural differences in health service-related factors associated with male involvement in family planning services in Abia State, Southeastern Nigeria

Summary Objective To identify and compare the health service-related factors associated with male involvement in family planning services among the rural and urban areas in Abia State, Nigeria. Design A community-based cross-sectional study. Setting Twelve communities (six urban and six rural) in Abia State, Nigeria Participants Five hundred and eighty-eight (588) men aged 15–59 years and resident in the study area 6 months before the study were recruited. Main outcome measure Male involvement in family planning services Results The mean ages of the respondents were 41.8±8.0 years and 43.1±8.0 years in the urban and rural areas, respectively. Active male involvement in family planning services was significantly higher in urban areas (62.6%, 95%CI: 56.8%-68.1%) compared to the rural areas (47.6%, 95%CI: 41.5%-53.2%. p<0.001). The predictors of male involvement included gender preference of healthcare workers (aOR=1.75, 95%CI:1.01–3.03) and attitude of the healthcare workers (aOR=2.07, 95%CI:1.17–3.67) among the urban participants, compared to occupational status of the respondents (aOR=2.50, 95% CI: 1.16–5.56) and the availability of male-friendly clinics (aOR=2.27, 95%CI:1.25–4.15) among the rural participants. Conclusion Health service-related factors associated with male involvement varied between the urban and rural settings. Stakeholders should target addressing health service-related factors by types of settlement while designing family planning programs targeting men. Funding No funding was obtained for this study.
Non-Markovian dynamics without using a quantum trajectory

Open quantum systems interacting with structured environments is important and manifests non-Markovian behavior, which was conventionally studied using a quantum trajectory stochastic method. In this paper, by dividing the effects of the environment into two parts, we propose a deterministic method without using a quantum trajectory. This method is more efficient and accurate than the stochastic method in most Markovian and non-Markovian cases. We also extend this method to the generalized Lindblad master equation.
Twisted cohomology of arrangements of lines and Milnor fibers

Let $\A$ be an arrangement of affine lines in $\C^2,$ with complement $\M(\A). $ The (co)homo-logy of $\M(\A)$ with twisted coefficients is strictly related to the cohomology of the Milnor fibre associated to the conified arrangement, endowed with the geometric monodromy. Although several partial results are known, even the first Betti number of the Milnor fiber is not understood. We give here a vanishing conjecture for the first homology, which is of a different nature with respect to the known results. Let $\Gamma$ be the graph of \emph{double points} of $\A:$ we conjecture that if $\Gamma$ is connected then the geometric monodromy acts trivially on the first homology of the Milnor fiber (so the first Betti number is combinatorially determined in this case). This conjecture depends only on the combinatorics of $\A. $ We prove it in some cases with stronger hypotheses. In the final parts, we introduce a new description in terms of the group given by the quotient ot the commutator subgroup of $\pi_1(\M(\A))$ by the commutator of its \emph{length zero subgroup. } We use that to deduce some new interesting cases of a-monodromicity, including a proof of the conjecture under some extra conditions.
Thermodynamic formalism and $k$-bonacci substitutions

We study $k$-bonacci substitutions. For each we define a renormalization operator associated to it and examine its iterates over potentials in a certain class. We also study the pressure function associated to potentials in this class and prove the existence of a freezing phase transition which is realized by the only ergodic measure on the subshift associated to the substitution.
Sex-linked reproductive allocation in the dioecious shrub Pimelea microcephala subsp. microcephala (Thymelaeaceae) from four populations across a rainfall gradient

ABSTRACT Dioecy, the separation of sexes into different male and female plants, can enable sexes to independently develop optimal strategies for the sex-linked allocation of reproductive resources. Understanding how dioecious species vary as conditions become more or less favourable may affect conservation and revegetation efforts in arid environments. Our study investigated sex-related resource allocation in the Australian native shrub, Pimelea microcephala subsp. microcephala (Thymelaeaceae) at four sites across an annual rainfall gradient of 250–390 mm in semi-arid South Australia. The study measured 25 male and 25 female individuals for plant height, plant diameter, the number of inflorescences per plant, number of flowers per inflorescence and the ratio of reproductive to vegetative biomass. Significant differences in the ratio of biomass allocated to reproduction between sexes (p < 0.05) were detected at three of the four sites, with sex-related differences increasing with decreased annual rainfall. Female reproductive allocation was two to five times greater, and was less variable than males at all sites except the highest rainfall site (p < 0.05), while male reproductive allocation decreased with average annual rainfall (p < 0.05). Growth outcomes of males and females were equal and female reproductive traits were mostly consistent between sites and were not associated with rainfall, therefore population structure may remain stable for P. microcephala subsp. microcephala as habitats become drier, so long as pollen limitation does not occur.
On the zeroes of half-integral weight Eisenstein series on Γ0(4)

We locate all but [Formula: see text] zeroes of the half integral weight Eisenstein series [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] sufficiently large. To do this, we relate [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]’s other Eisenstein series, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], which are easier to study in the regions of which zeroes occur. We will use trigonometric approximations of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in order to locate the zeroes.
On non-abelian Brumer and Brumer–Stark conjecture for monomial CM-extensions

Let K/k be a finite Galois CM-extension of number fields whose Galois group G is monomial and S a finite set of places of k. Then the "Stickelberger element" θK/k,S is defined. Concerning this element, Andreas Nickel formulated the non-abelian Brumer and Brumer–Stark conjectures and their "weak" versions. In this paper, when G is a monomial group, we prove that the weak non-abelian conjectures are reduced to the weak conjectures for abelian subextensions. We write D4p, Q2n+2 and A4 for the dihedral group of order 4p for any odd prime p, the generalized quaternion group of order 2n+2 for any natural number n and the alternating group on four letters respectively. Suppose that G is isomorphic to D4p, Q2n+2 or A4 × ℤ/2ℤ. Then we prove the l-parts of the weak non-abelian conjectures, where l = 2 in the quaternion case, and l is an arbitrary prime which does not split in ℚ(ζp) in the dihedral case and in ℚ(ζ3) in the alternating case. In particular, we do not exclude the 2-part of the conjectures and do not assume that S contains all finite places which ramify in K/k in contrast with Nickel's formulation.
Critical percolation on random networks with prescribed degrees

Random graphs have played an instrumental role in modelling real-world networks arising from the internet topology, social networks, or even protein-interaction networks within cells. Percolation, on the other hand, has been the fundamental model for understanding robustness and spread of epidemics on these networks. From a mathematical perspective, percolation is one of the simplest models that exhibits phase transition, and fascinating features are observed around the critical point. In this thesis, we prove limit theorems about structural properties of the connected components obtained from percolation on random graphs at criticality. The results are obtained for random graphs with general degree sequence, and we identify different universality classes for the critical behavior based on moment assumptions on the degree distribution.
A higher-order finite-volume discretization method for Poisson's equation in cut cell geometries

We present a method for generating higher-order finite volume discretizations for Poisson's equation on Cartesian cut cell grids in two and three dimensions. The discretization is in flux-divergence form, and stencils for the flux are computed by solving small weighted least-squares linear systems. Weights are the key in generating a stable discretization. We apply the method to solve Poisson's equation on a variety of geometries, and we demonstrate that the method can achieve second and fourth order accuracy in both truncation and solution error for these examples. We also show that the Laplacian operator has only stable eigenvalues for each of these examples.
Investigation of the solutions of the Cauchy problem and boundary-value problems for the ordinary differential equations with continuously changing order of the derivative

As is known, the problems for the differential equations with continuously changing order of the derivatives are not considered completely. In this paper we consider the initial and boundary value problems for this type of linear ordinary differential equations with constant coefficients and obtain analytic representations of solutions of these problems. It should be noted that this area is one of the less studied fields of modern mathematics and there are not effective methods for the study of problems for such differential equations, just as we study the problem for partial differential equations, with both with additive and a multiplicative derivatives. The method used here is based on an invariant for the above mentioned derivative, i.e. on the functions that do not change for the derivative of any real positive order.
Vector bundles on curves coming from Variation of Hodge Structures

Fujita's second theorem for K\"ahler fibre spaces over a curve asserts that the direct image $V$ of the relative dualizing sheaf splits as the direct sum $ V = A \oplus Q$, where $A$ is ample and $Q$ is unitary flat. We focus on our negative answer (\cite{cd}) to a question by Fujita: is $V$ semiample? We give here an infinite series of counterexamples using hypergeometric integrals and we give a simple argument to show that the monodromy representation is infinite. Our counterexamples are surfaces of general type with positive index, explicitly given as abelian coverings with group $(\mathbb Z/n)^2$ of a Del Pezzo surface of degree 5 (branched on a union of lines forming a bianticanonical divisor), and endowed with a semistable fibration with only $3$ singular fibres. The simplest such surfaces are the three ball quotients, already considered in joint work of I. Bauer and the first author, fibred over a curve of genus $2$, and with fibres of genus $4$. These examples are a larger class than the ones corresponding to Shimura curves in the moduli space of Abelian varieties.
QP-structures of degree 3 and CLWX 2-algebroids

In this paper, we give the notion of a CLWX 2-algebroid and show that a QP-structure of degree 3 gives rise to a CLWX 2-algebroid. This is the higher analogue of the result that a QP-structure of degree 2 gives rise to a Courant algebroid. A CLWX 2-algebroid can also be viewed as a categorified Courant algebroid. We show that one can obtain a Lie 3-algebra from a CLWX 2-algebroid. Furthermore, CLWX 2-algebroids are constructed from split Lie 2-algebroids and split Lie 2-bialgebroids.
Priority arguments and separation problems

Different constructions in the recursion theory use the so-called priority arguments. A general scheme was suggested by A. ~Lachlan. Based on his work, we define the notion of a priority-closed class of requirements. Then, for a specific priority construction, we need to check only that all requirements we want to satisfy belong to some priority-closed class (defined in game terms). This game version of Lachlan's approach is used to present some results about recursively inseparable sets obtained by the author.
Peripheral blood concentration of toll-like receptor-4 and its accuracy for prediction of postpartum performances of transition zebu (Bos indicus) cows

In this study, we evaluated the peripheral concentrations of Toll-like receptors (TLR)-4 during transition period in relation to postpartum productive and reproductive performances of Deoni (zebu) cattle. Accuracy and threshold values of TLR-4 to predict the postpartum performance, were also estimated using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis. Blood samples were collected at weekly intervals during transition period (from 21 days before to 21 days after calving) and TLR-4 concentration was estimated using bovine specific ELISA kits. Plasma TLR-4 concentration was significantly higher on third day of postpartum in cows that became pregnant within breeding period than the cows that remained non-pregnant (4.48 vs 1.80 ng/mL). ROC analysis revealed that the accuracy of TLR-4 for predication of ability to become pregnant within breeding period was acceptable (AUC: 0.75) with a threshold value of 2.13 ng/mL. It is concluded that concentrations of TLR-4, during transition period, could be used for predicting the possibilities of Deoni cows getting pregnant within the breeding period with moderate accuracy.
Counting the Ideals of Given Codimension of the Algebra of Laurent Polynomials in Two Variables

We establish an explicit formula for the number $C_n(q)$ of ideals of codimension $n$ of the algebra ${\mathbb F}_q[x,y,x^{-1}, y^{-1}]$ of Laurent polynomials in two variables over a finite field of cardinality $q$. This number is a palindromic polynomial of degree $2n$ in $q$. Moreover, $C_n(q) = (q-1)^2 P_n(q)$, where $P_n(q)$ is another palindromic polynomial; the latter is a $q$-analogue of the sum of divisors of $n$, which happens to be the number of subgroups of ${\mathbb Z}^2$ of index $n$.
A result on power moments of Lévy-type perpetuities and its application to the 
Lp -convergence of Biggins’ martingales in branching Lévy processes

Levy-type perpetuities being the a.s. limits of particular generalized Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes are a natural continuous-time generalization of discrete-time perpetuities. These are random variables of the form $S := \int_{(0,\infty)} e^{-X_{s-}} dZ_s$ , where (X, Z) is a two-dimensional Levy process, and Z is a drift-free Levy process of bounded variation. We prove an ultimate criterion for the finiteness of power moments of S. This result and the previously known assertion due to Erickson and Maller (2005) concerning the a.s. finiteness of S are then used to derive ultimate necessary and sufficient conditions for the L p-convergence for p > 1 and p = 1, respectively, of Biggins' martingales associated to branching Levy processes. In particular, we provide final versions of results obtained recently by Bertoin and Mallein (2018).
GAMIFYING “WHOLE-PERSON EDUCATION”: THE DEVELOPMENT OF A MOBILE APPLICATION WITH AUGMENTED REALITY

Whole-person education is what many educational institutions aim for, especially in these times of rapid technological innovations. Silliman University, one of the oldest universities in the Philippines, offers whole-person education to achieve total human development. This study is an innovative technology integration in the classroom of the course “whole-person education”. Specifically, this paper describes the development of a mobile game application that integrates augmented reality. Applying the gamification theory, a learning trail about the 5Cs of Silliman Education - Classroom, Church, Culture, Court, and the Community, was integrated. The learning trail consists of three learning paths, and each path consists of ten checkpoints. Three qualifying questions were embedded to determine the player’s learning path. Each checkpoint is augmented using QR codes. Players need to complete the game in the shortest possible time. The educational game mobile application was developed using Appery.io, a rapid development, integration, and deployment platform. The mobile application runs on the Android operating system as part of the first release. A survey was conducted among 244 players of the game application. A 4-point scale questionnaire is integrated into the game app, asking the players about their level of agreement with the statements representing their game evaluation. The result shows that the game application was evaluated positively by the respondents, with a mean of 3.69. Expressly, the players agreed ( = 3.69) that they learned a lot about the AR trail. The students also agreed ( = 3.35) to the statement, “I would like my teachers to integrate apps like this in my classes. ” The result implies that augmented reality and gamification as teaching strategies in the classroom are perceived positively and accepted by the students. The educational game promotes the understanding of whole-person education especially in a developing country where digital divide is a pressing issue.
Equations For Parseval's Frame Wavelets In $L^2(\R^d)$ With Compact Supports

Let $d\geq 1$ be a natural number and $A_0$ be a $d\times d$ expansive integral matrix with determinant $\pm 2. $ Then $A_0$ is integrally similar to an integral matrix $A$ with certain additional properties. A finite solution to the system of equations associated with the matrix $A$ will result in an iterated sequence $\{\Psi^k \chi_{[0,1)^d}\}$ that converges to a function $\varphi_A$ in $L^2(\R^d)$-norm. With this (scaling) function $\varphi_A,$ we will construct the Parseval's wavelet function $\psi$ with compact support associated with matrix $A_0. $
On cyclability of digraphs

Given a directed graph $D$ of order $n\geq 4$ and a nonempty subset $Y$ of vertices of $D$ such that in $D$ every vertex of $Y$ reachable from every other vertex of $Y$. Assume that for every triple $x,y,z\in Y$ such that $x$ and $y$ are nonadjacent: If there is no arc from $x$ to $z$, then $d(x)+d(y)+d^+(x)+d^-(z)\geq 3n-2$. If there is no arc from $z$ to $x$, then $d(x)+d(y)+d^+(z)+d^-(x)\geq 3n-2$. We prove that there is a directed cycle in $D$ which contains all the vertices of $Y$, except possibly one. This result is best possible in some sense and gives a answer to a question of H. Li, Flandrin and Shu (Discrete Mathematics, 307 (2007) 1291-1297).
Fourier Spectrum Characterizations of Clifford $H^{p}$ Spaces on $\mathbf{R}^{n+1}_+$ for $1\leq p \leq \infty$

This article studies the Fourier spectrum characterization of functions in the Clifford algebra-valued Hardy spaces $H^p(\mathbf R^{n+1}_+), 1\leq p\leq \infty. $ Namely, for $f\in L^p(\mathbf R^n)$, Clifford algebra-valued, $f$ is further the non-tangential boundary limit of some function in $H^p(\mathbf R^{n+1}_+),$ $1\leq p\leq \infty,$ if and only if $\hat{f}=\chi_+\hat{f},$ where $\chi_+(\underline{\xi})=\frac{1}{2}(1+i\frac{\underline \xi}{|\underline \xi|}),$ where the Fourier transformation and the above relation are suitably interpreted (for some cases in the distribution sense). These results further develop the relevant context of Alan McIntosh. As a particular case of our results, the vector-valued Clifford Hardy space functions are identical with the conjugate harmonic systems in the work of Stein and Weiss. The latter proved the corresponding results in terms of the single integral form for the cases $1\leq p<\infty. $