Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hyperkalemia in the Outpatient Setting

Background Hyperkalemia is a life-threatening condition in outpatient and emergency departments. Hyperkalemia is associated with more events of major adverse cardiovascular diseases, hospitalization, and death. The aim of this study is to study and assess the prevalence and risk factors for developing hyperkalemia within the Thai population. Method A cross-sectional observational study of 3,299 unique adult patients (≥18 years) in one calendar year (2021) with at least 1 valid serum potassium (SK) test was conducted in the outpatient department of medicine. Hyperkalemia was determined as SK ≥5.8 mmol/L without hemolysis or technical error. Clinical data and laboratory tests were collected for analysis of risk factors. Result 2,971 patients (131 hyperkalemia and 2,840 control) were eligible. The annual prevalence of hyperkalemia was 4.41%. The mean ages of patients were 66.5 years in the hyperkalemia group and 55.9 years in the control group. Increasing age had a positive association (r = 0.220, p < 0.001) to risk of hyperkalemia, whereas the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) had an inverse association with SK level (r = −0.398, p < 0.001). The risk factors for hyperkalemia were patients with age ≥65 years (odds ratio, 2.106; 95% CI, 1.399, 3.171; p < 0.001), presence of diabetes mellitus (DM, odds ratio, 1.541; 95% CI, 1.030, 2.306; p = 0.036), chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage ≥3 (odds ratio, 14.885; 95% CI, 8.112, 27.313; p < 0.001), hemodialysis treatment (odds ratio, 10.170; 95% CI, 5.858, 17.657; p < 0.001), and usage of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASi, odds ratio, 2.256; 95% CI, 1.440, 3.536; p < 0.001). Conclusion The risk factors contributing to hyperkalemia were patients with older age, DM, CKD, hemodialysis treatment, and usage of RAASi. Although the usage of RAASi is proven to be a cardiovascular advantage in the elderly, DM, and CKD patients, careful monitoring of SK is strongly advised to optimize patient care.
Tidepools in Dead Man’s Cove show large fluctuations in carbonate chemistry during the low tide in comparison to Haro Stait water

Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195 Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1
Analisis Probabilitas Pemilihan Moda Pesawat Terbang dan Kapal Laut pada Rute Fakfak – Sorong dengan Metode Revealed Preference

Kabupaten Fakfak merupakan daerah kepulauan. Sarana angkutan laut dan angkutan udara menjadi alat transportasi antar kabupaten. Rute Fakfak–Sorong menjadi rute paling padat. Kota Sorong bukan hanya menjadi kota tujuan, tetapi juga menjadi penghubung ke kota lainnya. Oleh karena itu dalam penelitian ini perlu dilakukan analisis deskriptif untuk mengetahui karakteristik sosio-ekonomi penumpang dalam memilih moda pesawat terbang dan kapal laut pada rute Fakfak–Sorong. Selain itu dilakukan analisis regresi logistik biner dengan menggunakan teknik revealed preference untuk mendapatkan besaran nilai probabilitas penumpang dalam pemilihan moda pesawat terbang dan kapal laut. Hasil probabilitas pemilihan moda pesawat terbang terbesar ada pada variabel pendapatan diatas Rp. 5.000. 000,- yaitu 61.75%, sedangkan hasil probabilitas pemilihan moda kapal laut terbesar ada pada variabel variabel pendapatan dibawah Rp. 1.500. 000,- yaitu 83.36%.
Leaky Wave Antenna with Non-Radiative Dielectric Superstrate

In this paper, a leaky wave antenna (LWA) with non-radiative dielectric superstrate (NRDS) is proposed. The proposed antenna is having a dielectric superstrate and an asymmetric, half-filled dielectric spacers forming a quasi-cutoff region in the unfilled region. A high gain, unidirectional tilted beam with wide-angle characteristics is demonstrated using numerical simulations.
The Role of Glutamine Homeostasis in Emotional and Cognitive Functions

Glutamine (Gln), a non-essential amino acid, is synthesized de novo by glutamine synthetase (GS) in various organs. In the brain, GS is exclusively expressed in astrocytes under normal physiological conditions, producing Gln that takes part in glutamatergic neurotransmission through the glutamate (Glu)–Gln cycle. Because the Glu–Gln cycle and glutamatergic neurotransmission play a pivotal role in normal brain activity, maintaining Gln homeostasis in the brain is crucial. Recent findings indicated that a neuronal Gln deficiency in the medial prefrontal cortex in rodents led to depressive behaviors and mild cognitive impairment along with lower glutamatergic neurotransmission. In addition, exogenous Gln supplementation has been tested for its ability to overcome neuronal Gln deficiency and reverse abnormal behaviors induced by chronic immobilization stress (CIS). Although evidence is accumulating as to how Gln supplementation contributes to normalizing glutamatergic neurotransmission and the Glu–Gln cycle, there are few reviews on this. In this review, we summarize recent evidence demonstrating that Gln supplementation ameliorates CIS-induced deleterious changes, including an imbalance of the Glu–Gln cycle, suggesting that Gln homeostasis is important for emotional and cognitive functions. This is the first review of detailed mechanistic studies on the effects of Gln supplementation on emotional and cognitive functions.
Surface load dynamic solution of saturated transversely isotropic multilayer half‐space

This paper treats the dynamic response of a multilayered transversely isotropic fluid saturated poroelastic half‐space under surface time‐harmonic traction. The governing system of partial differential equations is uncoupled with the use of a set of physically meaningful and complete potential functions that decompose different body waves in a saturated poroelastic transversely isotropic medium. After expressing the equations in the Hankel‐Fourier domain, a proper algebraic factorization is applied to generate reflection and transmission matrices for decomposed waves. All responses including displacements, stresses, and pore fluid pressure for both general patch load and point load are presented in the form of semi‐infinite line integrals. The verification of the method is confirmed with the degeneration of the solutions presented here to the existing solutions for dried both homogeneous and multilayered elastic half‐spaces as well as poroelastic half‐space. Selected numerical results are depicted to investigate the effects of layering and pore pressure on responses of a transversely isotropic poroelastic medium. The load distribution effects are studied by comparison of the patch and point load responses. Also, resonance notion and effective parameters on this phenomenon such as layering system and anisotropy contrast are discussed. Significant influence of materials and layering configuration on number and amplitude of resonances depicted through the numerical evaluation.
A New Design and Analysis for Metasurface-Based Near-Field Magnetic Wireless Power Transfer for Deep Implants

Wireless power transfer (WPT) is a crucial enabler for the long-term powering of existing implantable medical devices (IMDs). This article proposes a new design and analysis methodology for a tunable metasurface (MTS) based near-field magnetic WPT system. A near-field magnetic WPT system using a multi-coil topology creates stable power with a low specific absorption rate. However, maintaining the optimal performance of a system under misalignment conditions continues to be a challenging issue. To address this issue, the proposed design method enables the optimal coupling of the WPT system by tuning the system capacitances at a fixed frequency. Moreover, it is undefined to accurately determine the effective permeability of the MTS in the near-field range. Therefore, based on optimized results, a method is proposed to retrieve effective permeability in near-field scenarios. The effective permeability results are distinct from the typical response of the Lorentz oscillator. As a result, the specific connection between the optimization method and retrieval of effective permeability has been established. The methodology is applied to an exemplified system, where the maximal simulated and measured power transfer efficiencies at an implant depth of 8 cm are 2.32% and 2.60%, respectively. In addition, the planar MTS exhibits a high lateral misalignment tolerance, thereby enabling the development of a reliable WPT system for continuous power supply to IMDs.
Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic potential of Oxystelma esculentum (L. f.) Sm. using in vitro, in vivo, and in silico studies

The objective of the current study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic potential of Oxystelma esculentum using different animal models. The phytochemical profile was determined by assessing its total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC), followed by the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. The in vitro anti-inflammatory potential of O. esculentum ethanolic extract (OEE) was evaluated by lipoxygenase enzyme inhibition activity and a human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stability assay. The in vivo anti-inflammatory potential of the plant was determined by the carrageenan-induced paw edema test, and the analgesic potential by the hot plate test, tail-flick test, formalin-induced analgesia, acetic acid-induced writhing activities, and yeast-induced elevation of body temperature. The values of total phenolic content (212.6 ± 3.18 µg GAE/g) and total flavonoid content (37.6 ± 1.76 µg QE/g) were observed. The results showed that OEE exhibited significant antioxidant capacity in DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) (266.3 ± 7.35 μmol TE/g), ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (1,066.3 ± 7.53 μmol TE/g), and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) (483.6 ± 3.84 μmol TE/g) assays. The HPLC analysis demonstrated phytocompounds with anti-inflammatory potential, such as chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and coumarin. The plant showed in vitro anti-inflammatory activity through the inhibition of lipoxygenase enzyme with a high percentage (56.66%) and HRBC membrane stability (67.29%). In in vivo studies, OEE exhibited significant (p < 0.05) anti-inflammatory (carrageenan-induced paw edema model), analgesic (hot plate test, tail-flick test, formalin-induced analgesia, and acetic acid-induced writhing), and antipyretic (rectal temperature reduction) responses at different doses (100, 300, and 500 mg/kg). Molecular docking studies showed significant binding affinities of phytocompounds compared to indomethacin and predicted various binding interactions for stable conformations. The results of in vitro, in vivo, and in silico studies supported the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic potential of O. esculentum.
Stochastic simulation of rainfall and climate variables using the direct sampling technique

An accurate statistical representation of hydrological processes is of paramount importance to evaluate the uncertainty of the present scenario and make reliable predictions in a changing climate. A wealth of historic data has been made available in the last decades, including a consistent amount of remote sensing imagery describing the spatio-temporal nature of climatic and hydrological processes. The statistics based on such data are quite robust and reliable. However, to explore their variability, most stochastic simulation methods are based on low-order statistics that can only represent the heterogeneity up to a certain degree of complexity. In the recent years, the stochastic hydrogeology group of the University of Neuchâtel has developed a multiple-point simulation method called Direct Sampling (DS). DS is a resampling technique that allows the preservation of the complex data structure by simply generating data patterns similar to the ones found in the historical data set. Contrarily to the other multiple-point methods, DS can simulate either categorical or continuous variables, or a combination of both in a multivariate framework. In this thesis, the DS algorithm is adapted to the simulation of rainfall and climate variables in both time and space. The developed stochastic weather or climate generators include the simulation of the target variable with a series of auxiliary variables describing some aspects of the complex statistical structure characterizing the simulated process. These methods are tested on real application cases including the simulation of rainfall time-series from different climates, the variability exploration of future climate change scenarios, the missing data simulation within flow rate time-series and the simulation of spatial rainfall fields at different scales. If a representative training data set is used, the proposed methodologies can generate realistic simulations, preserving fairly well the statistical properties of the heterogeneity. Moreover, these techniques result to be practical simulation tools, since they are adaptive to different data sets with minimal effort from the user perspective. Although leaving large room for improvement, the proposed simulation approaches show a good potential to explore the variability of complex hydrological processes without the need of a complex statistical model.
8-λ × 50 Gbps/λ Heterogeneously Integrated Si-Ph DWDM Transmitter

We demonstrate a 3-D heterogeneously integrated dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) silicon-photonic transmitter simultaneously modulating eight 200-GHz spaced wavelengths at 50 Gbps/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula> each, to deliver an aggregate per-fiber bandwidth of 400 Gbps. All necessary <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$O$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-band optical components are fully integrated on the photonic integrated circuit (PIC), including an eight-wavelength laser array, a broadband semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA), and eight microring modulators (MRMs). Eight 50-Gbps non-return-to-zero (NRZ) modulator drivers, capable of delivering 2-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{V}_{\mathrm {pp}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> modulation voltage, are integrated in a 28-nm CMOS electronic IC (EIC). The EIC also includes a thermal control unit (TCU) to align the eight MRMs to the eight laser wavelengths by appropriately tuning integrated MRM heaters. The measured energy efficiency at 50 Gb/s of the high-speed electronics, including serializer overhead, is 1.17 pJ/bit.
Utilização de Bacillus subtilis como promotor de crescimento na cultura do tomate e alface

Rizobácterias do gênero Bacillus que são encontrados na rizosfera vivem em colônias, promovem o crescimento vegetal e apresentam potencial para o controle de fitopatógenos através da liberação de compostos voláteis. Diante disso o objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a eficiência do Bacillus subtilis Bs10 na promoção de crescimento de plantas de tomate e alface. O experimento foi realizado em bandejas com 25 plantas por tratamento. A inoculação de B. subtilis foi realizada no momento do plantio utilizando 1 mL de suspensão em cada célula. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com dois tratamentos, com e sem a inoculação de Bacillus. As avaliações para ambas as culturas foram realizadas aos 28 dias após a germinação onde foram determinadas a altura de plantas, massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA) e massa seca da raiz (MSR). A hipótese de igualdade entre as médias dos dois tratamentos avaliados foi feita pelo teste F da análise de variância para p = 0,05, utilizando o programa estatístico SISVAR. Durante as avaliações o tratamento com B. subtilis obteve os melhores resultados em todos os quesitos apresentando diferenças significativas com relação a testemunha. O tratamento com a inoculação de B. subtilis Bs10 apresentou maior MSPA nas mudas de alface e tomate, obtendo diferença significativa com relação a testemunha sem inoculação, sendo uma diferença superior, na alface com 21,67% a mais de MSPA comparando com a testemunha, e no tomate com 18,61%. Por tanto, de acordo com os resultados obtidos, o B. subtilis Bs10 é eficiente na promoção de crescimento de plantas de tomate e alface.
Ground based GNSS-R observations for soil moisture

The ground-based GNSS-R experiments are more favorable than the airborne experiments for research. Since the antennas are set low in ground-based experiments, the reflecting areas are much smaller than that in airborne experiments, so in these small areas the soil has nearly the same soil structure including soil texture, soil moisture and soil surface roughness, then the precision of the GNSS-R inversion can be improved. In this paper, the principle of soil moisture measuring by GNSS-R is described. First the influence on reflected signal power by ionosphere and neutrosphere is eliminated by normalized processing, then the soil moisture is calculated based on geometric optics approximation and dielectric models for the soil. In order to prove the accuracy of GNSS-R observation a field experiment was completed in Wuhan, in which a soil moisture tester (Time Delay Reflectometry-TDR) was used to observe together with the GNSS-R receiver. Comparison between TDR and GNSS-R observations at different sites and times shows that the average error is small. Therefore the ground based experiment is important for quantitative retrieval of soil moisture, and it also can provide good initial conditions for widespread soil moisture monitoring if using GNSS-R receiver network.
Towards Open World Event Processing: A Paradigm and Research Agenda for Event Processing for the Internet of Multimedia Things (Vision Paper)

The enormous growth of sensing devices on the Internet of Multimedia Things (IoMT) has emphasized the need for event processing technologies that deal with the complex nature of unstructured multimodal content. The paper highlights the emerging challenges for event processing applications as we shift to creating more real-time multimodal streams from IoMT. A key challenge is that fewer assumptions hold on the nature of the multimodal events produced, including the existence of a predefined schema and the semantics and meaning of unstructured content. This problem poses an opportunity for a new Open World Event Processing (OWEP) paradigm to natively support unstructured multimodal contents and unknown event types. OWEP offers unique challenges, which, when addressed, improve the practicality of event processing for modern multimodal event streams. We detail a high-level approach for an OWEP engine and highlight this new paradigm’s research opportunities.
Strain-Specific Targeting and Destruction of Cells by Prions

Simple Summary Prions are novel infectious agents that consist only of protein. It is known that in the same host species, different strains of prion can occur that differ by the cells that are infected and killed. The mechanism responsible for these observations is only beginning to be understood. Two main ideas, which are not mutually exclusive, may provide a framework to understand strain targeting. The first possibility is that as prions spread throughout the CNS they reach strain-specific populations of cells that trigger cell death. The second mechanism is that prions exist in two distinct forms, a replicative form that switches to the production of a toxic form that results in the destruction of cells and the eventual onset of clinical signs of disease. Both neurons and glia may participate in both of these possibilities. The relative contributions of each mechanism have yet to be determined. Abstract Prion diseases are caused by the disease-specific self-templating infectious conformation of the host-encoded prion protein, PrPSc. Prion strains are operationally defined as a heritable phenotype of disease under controlled conditions. One of the hallmark phenotypes of prion strain diversity is tropism within and between tissues. A defining feature of prion strains is the regional distribution of PrPSc in the CNS. Additionally, in both natural and experimental prion disease, stark differences in the tropism of prions in secondary lymphoreticular system tissues occur. The mechanism underlying prion tropism is unknown; however, several possible hypotheses have been proposed. Clinical target areas are prion strain-specific populations of neurons within the CNS that are susceptible to neurodegeneration following the replication of prions past a toxic threshold. Alternatively, the switch from a replicative to toxic form of PrPSc may drive prion tropism. The normal form of the prion protein, PrPC, is required for prion formation. More recent evidence suggests that it can mediate prion and prion-like disease neurodegeneration. In vitro systems for prion formation have indicated that cellular cofactors contribute to prion formation. Since these cofactors can be strain specific, this has led to the hypothesis that the distribution of prion formation cofactors can influence prion tropism. Overall, there is evidence to support several mechanisms of prion strain tropism; however, a unified theory has yet to emerge.
Reconfigurable Quad-polarization L-band Antenna

A low-cost L-band antenna with reconfigurable quad-polarization is presented. The antenna consists of four identical radiating elements. Each element comprises two stacked rectangular patches to achieve more than 10% bandwidth. Through proper phasing of the four elements, the antenna can realize two orthogonal linear polarizations and two circular polarizations. To demonstrate the concept, an antenna is realized using FR-4 substrate. The measured 10-dB input return loss bandwidth is 11%. And the measured 3-dB gain bandwidth is from 1.21 GHz to 1.36 GHz, with a maximum gain of 8.8 dBi for both linear polarization and circular polarization.
Analyzing Code Security: Approaches and Tools for Effective Review and Analysis

Code security is a critical aspect of software development, as vulnerabilities in code can expose systems to various security threats. This paper aims to provide an in-depth analysis of different approaches and tools used for code security review and analysis. The objective is to explore effective methods and techniques that help identify and mitigate potential security risks in software code. Several approaches for code security review are examined, including manual code review, automated static analysis, dynamic analysis, and hybrid approaches. The strengths and limitations of each approach are discussed, along with their applicability in different development scenarios.
An IGA Model for Resource Allocation in Heterogeneous Networks for the Internet of Things

Dynamic obstructions such as trees in the road environment can affect the quality of images captured by industrial cameras. In order to improve the quality of image acquisition in high dynamic scenes, this study proposes a new imaging algorithm based on convolutional neural networks and combined with single exposure high dynamic range imaging methods. This algorithm is mainly divided into a color camera image signal processing link module and a single exposure high dynamic range image enhancement module. The above two modules can improve the resolution of high dynamic range images. The experimental results show that the algorithm proposed in this study can achieve a response time of 63ms at the fastest, with PSNR, SSIM, and perceptual loss scores reaching 38.67, 0.976, and 0.087, respectively. Research has found that this algorithm has good application value in the field of high dynamic range image imaging.