Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling and validation of performance limitations for the optimal design of interferometric and intensity-modulated fiber optic displacement sensors

Optical fiber sensors offer advantages over traditional electromechanical sensors, making them particularly well- suited for certain measurement applications. Generally speaking, optical fiber sensors respond to a desired measurand through modulation of an optical signal's intensity, phase, or wavelength. Practically, non- contacting fiber optic displacement sensors are limited to intensity-modulated and interferometric (or phase- modulated) methodologies. Intensity-modulated fiber optic displacement sensors relate target displacement to a power measurement. The simplest intensity-modulated sensor architectures are not robust to environmental and hardware fluctuations, since such variability may cause changes in the measured power level that falsely indicate target displacement. Differential intensity-modulated sensors have been implemented, offering robustness to such intensity fluctuations, and the speed of these sensors is limited only by the combined speed of the photodetection hardware and the data acquisition system (kHz-GHz). The primary disadvantages of intensity-modulated sensing are the relatively low accuracy ([mu]m-mm for low-power sensors) and the lack of robustness, which consequently must be designed, often with great difficulty, into the sensor's architecture. White light interferometric displacement sensors, on the other hand, offer increased accuracy and robustness. Unlike their monochromatic- interferometer counterparts, white light interferometric sensors offer absolute, unambiguous displacement measurements over large displacement ranges (cm for low- power, 5 mW, sources), necessitating no initial calibration, and requiring no environmental or feedback control. The primary disadvantage of white light interferometric displacement sensors is that their utility in dynamic testing scenarios is limited, both by hardware bandwidth and by their inherent high-sensitivity to Doppler-effects. The decision of whether to use either an intensity-modulated interferometric sensor depends on an appropriate performance function (e.g., desired displacement range, accuracy, robustness, etc.). In this dissertation, the performance limitations of a bundled differential intensity-modulated displacement sensor are analyzed, where the bundling configuration has been designed to optimize performance. The performance limitations of a white light Fabry-Perot displacement sensor are also analyzed. Both these sensors are non- contacting, but they have access to different regions of the performance-space. Further, both these sensors have different degrees of sensitivity to experimental uncertainty. Made in conjunction with careful analysis, the decision of which sensor to deploy need not be an uninformed one
Finite size spectrum of the staggered six-vertex model with U q ( sl ( 2 )) -invariant boundary conditions

: The ﬁnite size spectrum of the critical Z 2 -staggered spin- 1 / 2 XXZ model with quantum group invariant boundary conditions is studied. For a particular (self-dual) choice of the staggering the spectrum of conformal weights of this model has been recently been shown to have a continuous component, similar as in the model with periodic boundary conditions whose continuum limit has been found to be described in terms of the non-compact SU(2 , R ) / U(1) Euclidean black hole conformal ﬁeld theory (CFT). Here we show that the same is true for a range of the staggering parameter. In addition we ﬁnd that levels from the discrete part of the spectrum of this CFT emerge as the anisotropy is varied. The ﬁnite size amplitudes of both the continuous and the discrete levels are related to the corresponding eigenvalues of a quasi-momentum operator which commutes with the Hamiltonian and the transfer matrix of the model.
Characterization and experimental study of a two-sensor portable terminal for mobile communications

The present work investigates the reception improvement using a multi-sensor experimental portable terminal. Its antenna system consists of two circularly polarized microstrip antennas placed on a folded cover. Inside the terminal, two identical processing channels realize the amplification, down-conversion and filtering in order to collect the intermediate frequency signals. Measurements were made in an anechoic chamber to evaluate the source vector and to estimate the performance of the signal processing in terms of diversity processing. Results from measurement have been compared with the theoretical results. Reception improvement using space diversity processing is pointed out in the case of different scenarios considering data collected with the experimental receiver in a real environment.
The incidence of fragility hip fractures in a subpopulation of South Africa.

BACKGROUND Fragility hip fractures (FHFs) are associated with significant morbidity, mortality and burden on the healthcare system. European and North American literature suggests that the worldwide incidence of FHFs is increasing, but very little is known about the incidence of FHFs in Africa and South Africa (SA). Historically FHFs were believed to be uncommon in black African populations, but recent studies have shown a marked increase in the incidence compared with the early literature. OBJECTIVES To investigate the age-, gender- and population group-specific incidences of FHFs in a subpopulation in Eastern Cape Province, SA. METHODS A retrospective review of all patients presenting with FHFs was performed at a tertiary hospital in the Eastern Cape over a 1-year period. Age-, gender- and population group-specific incidence rates were calculated for 5-year age intervals using the age distribution data of the western region of the Eastern Cape (WREC) as a denominator for each age group. Overall crude incidence rates were calculated by using the sum total of FHFs, divided by the study population. All incidences were calculated as number of fractures per 100 000 people annually. RESULTS A total of 253 patients with FHFs were included. The crude incidence rate of low-energy hip fractures in the WREC was 19.3 per 100 000 (males 14.6, females 23.4) over the study period. Population group-specific incidences were 15.1, 18.7, 19.9 and 46.6 per 100 000 for black, coloured, Indian and white population groups, respectively. The highest number of low-energy hip fractures in females occurred in the ≥85-year (19.6%) and 70 - 74-year (16.5%) age groups, with the highest number of male cases observed in the 60 - 64-year group (20.2%). The highest frequency distribution of FHFs was observed in black males aged 60 - 64 years (5.5%; n=14) and black females aged 70 - 74 years (6.3%; n=16). CONCLUSIONS The local incidence of FHFs is higher than initially reported, but when compared with other countries remains on the lower end of spectrum. A large proportion of FHFs are occurring in young patients (<65 years). These findings warrant further investigation that may prompt the development of preventive strategies and optimal treatment programmes.
Deschooling Society? A Lifelong Learning Network for Sustainable Communities, Urban Regeneration and Environmental Technologies

The complexity and multifaceted nature of sustainable lifelong learning can be effectively addressed by a broad network of providers working co-operatively and collaboratively. Such a network involving the third, public and private sector bodies must realise the full potential of accredited flexible and blended formal learning, contextual opportunities offered by enablers of informal and non formal learning and the affordances derived from the various loose and open spaces that can make social learning effective. Such a conception informs the new Lifelong Learning Network Consortium on Sustainable Communities, Urban Regeneration and Environmental Technologies established and led by the Lifelong Learning Centre at Aston University. This paper offers a radical, reflective and political evaluation of its first year in development arguing that networked learning of this type could prefigure a new model for lifelong learning and sustainable education that renders the city itself a creative medium for transformative learning and sustainability.
Managing electromyogram contamination in scalp recordings: An approach identifying reliable beta and gamma EEG features of psychoses or other disorders

In publications on the electroencephalographic (EEG) features of psychoses and other disorders, various methods are utilized to diminish electromyogram (EMG) contamination. The extent of residual EMG contamination using these methods has not been recognized. Here, we seek to emphasize the extent of residual EMG contamination of EEG.
1 0 Se p 20 06 Symmetry of arbitrary layer rolled-up nanotubes

Rolling up of a layer with arbitrary lattice gives nanotube with very reach symmetry, described by a line group which is found for arbitrary diperiodic group of the layer and chiral vector. Helical axis and pure rotations are always present, while the mirror and glide planes appear only for specific chiral vectors in rhombic and rectangular lattices. Nanotubes are not translationally periodical unless layer cell satisfies very specific conditions. Physical consequences, including incommensurability of carbon nanotubes, are discussed.
High-immersion three-dimensional display of the numerical computer model

High-immersion three-dimensional (3D) displays making them valuable tools for many applications, such as designing and constructing desired building houses, industrial architecture design, aeronautics, scientific research, entertainment, media advertisement, military areas and so on. However, most technologies provide 3D display in the front of screens which are in parallel with the walls, and the sense of immersion is decreased. To get the right multi-view stereo ground image, cameras’ photosensitive surface should be parallax to the public focus plane and the cameras’ optical axes should be offset to the center of public focus plane both atvertical direction and horizontal direction. It is very common to use virtual cameras, which is an ideal pinhole camera to display 3D model in computer system. We can use virtual cameras to simulate the shooting method of multi-view ground based stereo image. Here, two virtual shooting methods for ground based high-immersion 3D display are presented. The position of virtual camera is determined by the people's eye position in the real world. When the observer stand in the circumcircle of 3D ground display, offset perspective projection virtual cameras is used. If the observer stands out the circumcircle of 3D ground display, offset perspective projection virtual cameras and the orthogonal projection virtual cameras are adopted. In this paper, we mainly discussed the parameter setting of virtual cameras。 The Near Clip Plane parameter setting is the main point in the first method, while the rotation angle of virtual cameras is the main point in the second method. In order to validate the results, we use the D3D and OpenGL to render scenes of different viewpoints and generate a stereoscopic image. A realistic visualization system for 3D models is constructed and demonstrated for viewing horizontally, which provides high-immersion 3D visualization. The displayed 3D scenes are compared with the real objects in the real world.
Dosimetric Consistency of Telecobalt and Brachytherapy Installations over a period of thirteen years: An Institutional Study

1 Sr. Medical Physicist, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dr. B. Borooah Cancer Institute, Guwahati, India 2 Medical Physicist, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dr. B. Borooah Cancer Institute, Guwahati, India 3 Sr. Medical Physicist, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dr. B. Borooah Cancer Institute, Guwahati, India 4 Medical Physicist, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dr. B. Borooah Cancer Institute, Guwahati, India 5 Medical Physicist, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dr. B. Borooah Cancer Institute, Guwahati, India 6 Assistant Professor, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dr. B. Borooah Cancer Institute, Guwahati, India 7 Professor & HOD, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dr. B. Borooah Cancer Institute, Guwahati, India *Corresponding Author Pranjal Goswami, MSc. , DRP Medical Physicist, Dept. of Radiation Oncology, Dr. B. Borooah Cancer Institute, Guwahati, Assam Abstract Introduction: The use of radionuclides in telecobalt and brachytherapy machines demands safe handling of the equipment and accurate measurement of source activity to ensure safety of the patients, workers and public. This paper reports dosimetric consistency of few Quality Assurance parameters of Theratron Phoenix Telecobalt and micro Selectron HDR Brachytherapy machines performed for a period of thirteen years from 2007 to 2019. Materials and Method: The output of the telecobalt unit for both SSD and SAD techniques and the source strength of the HDR Brachytherapy unit in terms of RAKR were measured as per national and international guidelines. The percentage variations between measured and theoretically calculated values were obtained for the thirteen years period. Timer error, error in Timer linearity and variations in TPS vs. manually calculated treatment times were calculated for the HDR unit after each source replacements. Results: The results obtained from the measurements done all over the thirteen years period were found to be well within the stipulated values specified by competent authority. The results were shown in graphical and tabulated form. Conclusion: The results show that the parameters measured were well within tolerance limits for a long period of thirteen years. Hence, this study establishes the consistency and accuracy in the dosimetric parameters of the Theratron Phoenix and micro Selectron HDR Brachytherapy machines.
Full-Collection Search with Passage and Document Evidence: Maryland at the TREC 2021 Conversational Assistance Track

The University of Maryland (UMD) team submitted four runs to the automatic canonical condition of the track, exploring three ideas: (1) indexing both document-scale and passage-scale features, (2) using sharding to scale dense retrieval to large collections, and (3) combining results from sparse and dense methods using re-ranking and result fusion. Compared with the three-stage baseline pipeline of query rewriting using T5-base, document retrieval using BM25, and passage re-ranking using monoT5, UMD Run #1 modiﬁes the second stage to retrieve passages rather than documents. UMD Run #2 retrieves documents in the second stage, but augments each second-stage document with additional document-scale evidence. UMD Run #3, our best run, fuses the ﬁnal output of three runs: UMD Run #1, UMD Run #2, and the organizer-provided baseline. UMD Run #4, fuses results from TCT-ColBERT (a distilled ColBERT model) passage retrieval with results from BM25 document retrieval as the second stage. The TCT-ColBERT passage retrieval uses sharding to accommodate the large collection size. In each case, the ﬁrst stage is the organizer-provided baseline query rewriter, and the third stage is a re-implementation of the baseline’s third stage, but using monoBERT-large.
Biosynthesis of NiO2 Nanoparticles from Marine Seaweed HORMOPHYSA SPS and its Antimicrobial Activity

Marine Seaweed extracts of Hormophysa sps was used as a reducing agent in the eco friendly extracellular synthesis of NiO2 nanoparticles from an aqueous solution of Nickel chloride. Biosynthesized nanoparticles were characterized using UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–vis DRS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X Ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X ray Spectroscopy (EDS) techniques. XRD results revealed that the average crystallite size ranges from 45 to 76 nm. The present investigation states that the marine seaweed extracts synthesized NiO2 nanoparticles have potent antimicrobial activity even in minimum concentration against pathogens.
Mathematical Modeling of Locally Information Storage Capability of VANET for Highway Traffic

By cooperative communication among mobile vehicles, content based information dissemination could be implemented by local information storage. This paper focuses on analyzing how long the local information could be stored in this local region for, which is also called storage capability. Although there is an approximation model for two-way traffic, it is not scalable for different scenarios . We analyze the different scenarios of two-way highway traffic. Based on the analytical model for one-way highway traffic, we improve the model for two-way highway traffic. Finally, exhaustive simulations are presented to show the good performance of the proposed models for different scenarios.
Normally-OFF Diamond Reverse Blocking MESFET

Schottky contacts have been used to fabricate normally- OFF lateral reverse-blocking MESFETs on p-type (boron-doped) O-terminated monocrystalline diamond. The devices utilized an ohmic source contact but both gate and drain contacts were Schottky in nature. Boron-doped p-channel diamond MESFETs reported to date display the less attractive normally- ON characteristics. Here, the normally- OFF transistor delivered a current level of ~1.5 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>Amm<sup>−1</sup> at a negative <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {GS}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 0.8 V and a transconductance (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${g}_{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$16~\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>Smm<sup>−1</sup>, measured at room temperature (RT); at a temperature of 425 K, these values rose to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim 70~\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>Amm<sup>−1</sup> for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}_{\text {DS}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${g}_{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> value of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$260~\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>Smm<sup>−1</sup>. In both cases, a negligible gate leakage current was measured with no breakdown apparent at the maximum field investigated here (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3.7\times 10^{{5}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> V/m<sup>−1</sup>). The Schottky gate demonstrates a well-behaved control of the channel even at higher temperatures. The high-temperature operation, normally- OFF behavior, and diamond’s inherent radiation hardness make this transistor promising for harsh environment applications.
Charge and potential control of electrostatic discharge (ESD) and the human body

Different configurations involving the human body with multiple charged sources and an electronic system are investigated to determine methods to minimize the cause and effect of an electrostatic discharge (ESD) event. Calculations involving a system of conductors was used to study various parameters including: size of the electronic system; its electrical state (floating or grounded); vicinity of a ground plane; nature of the multiple charged sources; and grounding of the human body, both permanent (with a ground strap) or momentary. The analysis shows how the concepts of charge and potential control can be applied in practical applications. <<ETX>>
Soft error protection using asymmetric response latches

A static latch design is analyzed whose single event upset (SEU) sensitivity is extremely dependent on its logic state. The authors employ a modification of a hardened static memory cell to construct an asymmetrical latch. Both the original and asymmetric latches are illustrated. The original idea was that resistors in the drain lines provide voltage division at the feedback point for p-drain strikes (or voltage transients). Proper choice of the resistor value relative to the on resistance of the n-channel transistor will insure that the feedback voltage can never reach the switch point of the opposite inverter, preventing cell upset for any p-drain transient. Such latches respond symmetrically with respect to logic state, displaying essential immunity to one SEU mechanism. A simple AND gate for two of these asymmetric response latches provides high-speed error correction for a single bit, and the combination represents a hardened logic element. >
Computer-Aided Design of Ultra Wideband Planar Monopole Antenna with Defect Ground for EMC Testing in Communication

In this work, a monopole antenna with defect ground is proposed for ultra wideband EMC measurement in communication system. The antenna is fed by micro-strip. It is demonstrated that the antenna provides an impedance bandwidth ranging from 2.5 GHz to 13.5 GHz (for VSWR < 2) and supports an adequate pattern.
Lowpass filter utilising broadside-coupled structure for ultrawideband harmonic suppression

A single-substrate microstrip/coplanar waveguide broadside-coupled structure is utilised to build a lowpass filter. The main features of the proposed filter are the extremely wide stopband, sharp cutoff response, compact size and closed-form design procedure. The theory of operation for the proposed filter is presented, its design procedure is derived and its performance is explained. The measured and simulated performance of a manufactured prototype filter agrees well with the theoretical analysis. The filter shows a negligible radiation, flat group delay and a sharp and wide stopband that is larger than 14 times the 3 dB cutoff frequency of the filter. The length of the coupled structure required to build the filter is less than 6 of the effective wavelength calculated at the cutoff frequency.
Correcting Face Distortion in Wide-Angle Videos

Video blogs and selfies are popular social media formats, which are often captured by wide-angle cameras to show human subjects and expanded background. Unfortunately, due to perspective projection, faces near corners and edges exhibit apparent distortions that stretch and squish the facial features, resulting in poor video quality. In this work, we present a video warping algorithm to correct these distortions. Our key idea is to apply stereographic projection locally on the facial regions. We formulate a mesh warp problem using spatial-temporal energy minimization and minimize background deformation using a line-preservation term to maintain the straight edges in the background. To address temporal coherency, we constrain the temporal smoothness on the warping meshes and facial trajectories through the latent variables. For performance evaluation, we develop a wide-angle video dataset with a wide range of focal lengths. The user study shows that 83.9% of users prefer our algorithm over other alternatives based on perspective projection. The video results can be found at https://www.wslai. net/publications/video_face_correction/.
An infinite set of integral formulae for polar, nematic, and higher order structures at the interface of motility-induced phase separation

Motility-induced phase separation (MIPS) is a purely non-equilibrium phenomenon in which self-propelled particles phase separate without any attractive interactions. One surprising feature of MIPS is the emergence of polar, nematic, and higher order structures at the interfacial region, whose underlying physics remains poorly understood. Starting with a model of MIPS in which all many-body interactions are captured by an effective speed function and an effective pressure function that depend solely on the local particle density, I derive analytically an infinite set of integral formulae for the ordering structures at the interface. I then demonstrate that half of these IF are in fact exact for generic active Brownian particle systems. Finally, I test these integral formulae by applying them to numerical data from direct particle dynamics simulation and find that they remain valid to a great extent.