Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Attest: Non-Destructive Identification of Counterfeit FPGA Devices

With ongoing microelectronic supply chain issues, the demand for genuine field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) is increasing - but so is the occurrence of counterfeit devices. Frequently, devices are used, salvaged from old systems, and repackaged as new. These recycled devices represent the largest class of counterfeit devices and are becoming more rampant. Therefore, it is often necessary to test whether a device is counterfeit before employing it in a new system. Current methods for evaluating the genuine nature of devices are frequently destructive, allowing for only small sample testing within lots. Other methods require complex external equipment and cannot be readily deployed throughout the supply chain. Graf Research Corporation has developed a methodology for using telemetry bitstreams to characterize an FPGA device and subsequently classify whether a device is a repackaged counterfeit via statistical and machine learning models. The new method utilizes minimal external equipment, is non-destructive, and can be employed at any point throughout the supply chain.
An Overview of Hybrid DC–DC Converters: From Seeds to Leaves

With the surging demands for higher current at sub-1-V supply level in high-performance digital systems, high-efficiency and high-current-density power converters are essential for system integration. Higher voltage supply buses are emerging for high-current applications to reduce the IR losses on the power delivery networks. Thus, there is a wide voltage gap between the power bus and the digital supply rails at the point of load (PoL). Meanwhile, battery-powered portable or wearable devices favor extremely high-power-density solutions, calling for novel power conversion topologies, which have been the hottest topic in the power management IC area in the past decade. This article reviews the switched-capacitor-inductor (SCI) hybrid dc–dc buck converters from the topology “seeds” to their “leaves. ” Here, we define six seeds, they are: 1) three-level buck; 2) double-step down buck; 3) inductor-first buck; 4) always-dual-path buck; 5) buck–buck; and 6) multiple-output hybrid buck. We try to analyze and summarize their pros and cons, and to derive the evolution of the hybrid dc–dc converters, with milestone examples. Then, we share our observations, design intuitions, and suggestions to help the researchers and engineers to pick up and design a new SCI hybrid dc–dc converter.
Double Lateral Osteotomy: Not Only the Correction of Crooked Noses but a Relevant Aesthetical Refinement in Structural Rhinoplasty

Background: Osteotomy represents a crucial step in structural rhinoplasty; however, there is not a unique approach accepted. Double lateral osteotomy has proven to be effective in the long-term correction of a deviated nose. In this series, we evaluated its aesthetic value also in non-deviated cases. Materials and Methods: 864 patients who underwent primary structural rhinoplasty from 2012 to 2020 were divided into four groups. Group A and B included patients with a crooked nose treated with asymmetrical double osteotomy and bilateral double osteotomy, respectively. Patients who did not present nasal deviation were divided into group C, including cases treated with bilateral single osteotomy, and group D, including patients who underwent bilateral double osteotomy. Postoperative evaluations were performed by three independent plastic surgeons blinded to the surgical technique. Patient’s satisfaction was assessed through the FACE-Q rhinoplasty module. Results: FACE-Q scores reported a satisfaction rate higher than 30% for every item in all groups; however, group B and group D showed statistically higher satisfaction (p < 0.01). According to the evaluations performed by physicians, group B and group D showed the most satisfactory outcomes (p < 0.01). Conclusions: bilateral double osteotomies represent a significant aesthetic refinement in structural rhinoplasty, not only in crooked noses but also in non-deviated cases, since the reduction in the width of the nose is an aesthetical aspect very appreciated by patients.
Editorial: Future-forward governance: Adapting for tomorrow’s organizational landscape

This issue features a careful selection of high scientific value articles covering a wide range of topics related to the world of governance and organizational dynamics, such as information technology (IT) governance and administrative information quality, tax ethics and compliance, leadership training programmes and productivity and grievance management in healthcare organizations. The variety and difference of perspectives with which the authors have outlined their studies allow us to fully understand the evolutionary process in which governance finds itself today.
Regional Geophysics of the Basin and Range Province

Nearly one hundred years ago, Gilbert (23, 24) and other geologic pioneers introduced the idea that much of the seelIling jumble of mountains and valleys in western North America was the result of far different processes than fold mountain systems such as the Appalachians or Alps. After a century of geologic and geophysical investigations in the region, it is now generally accepted that the physiography of the Basin and Range province (Figure 1) is one of sculptured and partially buried fault-bounded blocks that have been produced by the extension of the region during late Cenozoic time. Crustal blocks composed of complexly deformed, diverse pre-Cenozoic rocks and relatively undeformed, predominantly nonmarine volcanic rocks of early and middle Cenozoic age have been variously uplifted, tilted, and dropped along numerous normal faults throughout a broad region from Mexico to Canada-from as far west as California and Oregon to as far east as western Texas (e.g. Cook, 13; Gilluly, 27 ; Thompson, 76). The distribution of late Cenozoic normal faults in the western United States is shown on Figure 2 (note that the regional extent of faulting is somewhat larger than the Basin and Range physiographic province of Figure 1). The recent seismicity (Figure 3) shows that small earthquakes are widespread in what Atwater (5) called a wide soft zone accommodating oblique divergence between the Pacific and North American plates. The net effect of fault movements within this region is a crustal extension oriented roughly WNW-ESE. The actual motion on individual faults is quite variable, however, and appears to be controlled by the orientation of faults with respect to this principal extension (Thompson & Burke, 78). In the northern portion of the region -across Nevada and western
One indel or one-deletion and one-insertion error-correcting code

In this work, we present a novel binary code design to address a single indel error or the occurrence of simultaneous deletion and insertion errors within a codeword. Our study examines all possible scenarios involving a single indel error and one-deletion and one-insertion errors. Relying on three constraints in the code construction, the proposed code can accurately determine the error values and positions for all error scenarios. Additionally, we suggest a decoding procedure for the proposed code design and provide detailed explanations of this suggested decoding procedure. We also present the redundancy and code rate to show the efficiency of the proposed code.
An Inclusive Social Health Insurance for People with Disabilities in Three Southeast Asia Countries: A Systematic Review

This article examines how inclusiveness is implemented for People with Disabilities (PWDs) in social health insurance programs in Southeast Asia by focusing on the National Health Insurance (NHI) in Indonesia, the National Health Insurance Program (NHIP) in the Philippines, and Social Health Insurance (SHI) in Vietnam. The concept of inclusive social insurance for PWDs is used as an analytical tool to explore inclusivity criteria, such as target specifications, service benefits, multi-stakeholder involvement, service functions, and the program's impact. Drawing on the qualitative systematic review method, which refers to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA), PRISMA Protocols 2015, and evidence-based guidelines, this article analyzes 25 selected pieces of literature. The results of the study show that: First, there are no special schemes and mechanisms in those programs that target PWDs directly and specifically. Second, those programs have not been able to meet the specific health needs of PWDs. Third, the implementation of those programs has involved three stakeholder actors: the state, the private sector, and NGOs. Fourth, those programs have not shown a significant impact on improving the health quality of PWDs. Finally, it can be concluded that the three programs are not yet truly inclusive in covering PWDs in social health insurance programs.
Multilingual, Cross-lingual, and Monolingual Speech Emotion Recognition on EmoFilm Dataset

Research on speech emotion recognition has been actively conducted; most are in monolingual settings. Considering that emotion expressed in speech is universal, it is noteworthy to conduct multilingual emotion recognition across different cultures. This paper contributes to evaluating multilingual, cross-lingual, and monolingual automatic speech emotion recognition (SER) on the same EmoFilm dataset. We first evaluated these three scenarios on a fixed training/test split. For multilingual emotion recognition, we then expanded the evaluation with cross-validation. The results show that the multilingual SER gained the highest performance with 74.86% of balanced accuracy for five categorical emotions, followed by 72.17% and 58.03% for monolingual and cross-lingual evaluations. We reduced the number of training samples to observe its impact and found that the monolingual setting is superior among others on the same number of samples. The results of this study could suggest the potential use of multilingual SER over cross-lingual and monolingual SER in future speech technologies.
THE BEAR GULCH LIMESTONE (MISSISSIPPIAN, MONTANA)

Palynostratigraphic study of the Bear Gulch Member of the Heath Formation, central Montana, indicates an Upper Mississippian age for the deposit corresponding to Carboniferous palynofloral zone TK (ammonoid zone E2b, Namurian A). The palynoflora contains a diverse spore assemblage, including the Mississippian index Tripartites vetustus. In addition, the Bear Gulch Member contains an abundant and diverse acritarch assemblage. The age assignment is consistent with age determinations from studies of the ammonoid, conodont, and bryozoan faunas.
Study of Self-Heating and its Effects in SOT-STT-MRAM

We fully couple magnetization, charge, spin, and temperature dynamics to study the switching of the combined spin-orbit torque (SOT) - spin-transfer torque (STT) magne-toresistive random access memory (MRAM). To account for the increased temperature, the material parameters are scaled. In comparison to the constant temperature model, our full model shows an incubation period due to the rising temperature, in agreement with experimental data. Furthermore, we demonstrate field-free switching of the SOT-STT MRAM cell and show that the incubation time can be minimized, when sufficiently high voltages are applied.
Characterization of Biobriquette from Carbonized Durian Peel Using Coconut Shell as the Binder

This research aimed to study the characteristics of carbonized durian peel biobriquette using tar as a binder. A 1:10 ratio of binder and carbonized durian peel was used. The 25, 50, and 75% (coded as P1, P2, and P3, respectively) tar were used as a binder alongside tapioca flour to produce a binder with different tar concentrations. The briquette characteristics determined moisture content, ash content, calorific value, density, and water-absorbing capacity. Moisture content ranged from 9.32% to 9,41% for treatments P1 to P3, while the ash content ranged from 12,29% to 13,09%, showing no significant difference among the treatments. Massive difference was observed in calorific value, as P1 gives 5106/35 cal g-1 calorific value while P2 and P3 give 9267.56 and 9694.53 cal g-1, respectively. The density observed was relatively low, ranging from 0.5029 g cm-3 to 0,5685 g cm-2. As for water-absorbing capacity, P3 absorbed the least amount of water, 29.43%. From this research, we can conclude that coconut shell tar has the potential to be utilized as a binder in forming biobriquette from carbonized durian peel.
Journey into the Virtual Realm: Exploring Gaming Addiction, Sensation Seeking, and Boredom Proneness in Arabic Special Learners

Addiction to video games begins as a harmless pastime but may quickly spiral out of control, affecting every aspect of one’s life. Research helps determine why some people are drawn to video games and have a short attention span and a penchant for risky activities. Gaming caters to the boredom-prone and sensation-seeking natures common among young people, who are also more likely to try new activities without considering the consequences. Pathological problems and abnormal behaviours can be avoided by just being aware of the effects of gaming and how people respond to them. The current study focuses on college students’ propensity for gaming addiction, sensation seeking, and boredom. One hundred individuals (50 men and 50 women) were assessed using Gaming Addiction Scale (GAS), Arnett’s Inventory of Sensation Seeking (AISS), and Boredom Proneness Scale (BPS). The findings show a strong relationship between compulsive gaming, the desire for novel experiences, and the tendency to get bored quickly. Thus, a person’s propensity towards experience seeking and ennui is profoundly affected by their gaming addiction.
Convex optimization and the smallest ball problem

The Smallest Ball Problem is a famous problem in mathematics that was proposed by James Joseph Sylvester. In the past, many algorithms to solve this problem were founded but there was only a limited number of researches that focused on the rigorous mathematical proof of this problem. Thus, the goal of this essay is to provide a rigorous proof of the claim that the smallest enclosing ball must exist and it is unique. In this essay, the Smallest Ball Problem will be converted into a convex optimization problem and the result that the smallest enclosing ball exists and is unique can be proved by proving the optimal solution of this programming problem exists. The meaning of this research is to give a theoretically mathematical proof of the Smallest Ball Problem so that it can tell the algorithms to solve this problem can always work. Thus, it can also ensure the effectiveness of all the related algorithms.
Cranial anatomy of Stenonychosaurus inequalis (Saurischia, Theropoda) and its bearing on the origin of birds

The discovery in recent years of additional skull material of the rare carnivorous dinosaur Stenonychosaurus inequalis prompts the first thorough description of this animal. This species, known only from the Upper Cretaceous strata of North America, is closely related to, but distinct from, the two described species of Saurornithoides from Mongolia. A derived characteristic, an inflated parasphenoid capsule, is found in both the saurornithoidids and ornithomimids, strongly suggesting shared ancestry. The middle ear cavity is well defined and is connected to at least two systems of sinuses in the skull bones. Periotic sinuses like these have not been described in theropods, and their presumed absence has been used as evidence against theropod ancestry of birds. Although these and other cranial characteristics of Stenonychosaurus do not prove that birds descended from theropods, they strengthen the claim that small carnivorous dinosaurs are more plausible bird ancestors than either pseudosuchians or crocodiles:
The Brief Health Literacy Scale for Adults: Adaptation and Validation of the Health Literacy for School-Aged Children Questionnaire

The Health Literacy for School-Aged Children (HLSAC) is a brief, generic instrument measuring health literacy among school-aged children. Given its brevity and broad conceptualization of health literacy, the HLSAC is a potentially valuable measuring instrument among adults as well. This validation study aimed to adapt the HLSAC questionnaire to an adult population through assessment of content validity and subsequently determine the structural validity of the adapted instrument, the Brief Health Literacy scale for Adults (B-HLA). The content validity of the HLSAC was assessed through interviews with respondents and experts, and the structural validity of the adapted instrument (B-HLA) was evaluated using Rasch analysis. The content validity assessment (n = 25) gave rise to adjustments in the wording of five items. The B-HLA demonstrated an overall misfit to the Rasch model (n = 290). Items 6 and 8 had the poorest individual fits. We found no signs of local dependency or differential item functioning concerning sex, age, education, and native language. The B-HLA demonstrated unidimensionality and ability to discriminate across health literacy levels (PSI = 0.80). Discarding items 6 or 8 resulted in an overall model fit and individual fit of all items. In conclusion, the B-HLA appears to be a valid and reliable instrument for assessing health literacy among adults.
Segmentation of Images Used in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Navigation Systems

The paper presents the results of the study of a two-stage procedure for selecting a reference object in the current image formed by a correlation-extreme system used for autonomous navigation of unmanned aerial vehicles. The aim of this paper is to theoretically evaluate the probability of selecting low-dimensional low-contrast objects in the segmented current image according to the proposed two-stage procedure. To achieve this goal, the problem of segmentation of images of the sighting surface and subsequent selection of the reference object in the presence of heterogeneous objects differing in brightness and area characteristics is solved. The most significant result is the justification of application of two-stage procedure of selection of the reference object in the current image by brightness and area parameters using the set thresholds. The significance of the obtained results consists in establishing the dependence of the probability of correct selection of the reference object on the noise level of the current images. It is shown that the probability of correct selection of the object in the image is a function of the threshold value and can be maximised by choosing its value. This approach allows to consider the influence of various factors leading to image noise on the quality of images formed by the navigation system. It is shown that when noise distorts more than 31% of the image pixels, the proposed two-stage procedure allows to ensure the selection of the reference object in the image with a probability not lower than 0.9.
Propuesta de un modelo operativo para la estimación de la evapotranspiración.

Among the hydrological variables, evapotranspiration is one of the most important. Its assessment, with an acceptable level of precision, is of fundamental value for climate change and hydrological studies, climate models, and food production. Of utmost importance is the estimation of space-time variations of the evapotranspiration at the regional level. There are nowadays models able to reproduce the complex process of evapotranspiration at the regional level, that are based on one-dimensional schemes which describe the radiation, conveyance and transport mechanisms that are influenced by the surface temperature. Those models substitute the surface temperature from remote sensing techniques by the air-dynamic temperature, and the evapotranspiration is calculated as the residual term of the energy balance equation. The application of such models is constrained by the availability of specific instruments at the measuring stations distributed worldwide. It also has to be taken into account that the application of those models is not an easy task and that it requires special training and abilities by the operator. This research presents a simple model that allows the estimation of the evapotranspiration at the regional level from meteorological data measured at conventional stations and surface temperature from satellite images. The model has a simple physical basis and requires the estimation of two local parameters that depend on the meteorological conditions of the lower portion of the atmosphere. The main assumption is that the surface temperature describes all variations registered at the first few meters of the atmosphere. In order to apply the model, data on temperature, air relative humidity, wind velocity, solar radiation, and surface temperature (from images) are required. The operational equation is as follows: where a and b are local parameters. The equation proposed has been validated in two regions of central Argentina. One of them has a humid climate with a low water deficit, whereas the second has a dry climate and relevant water deficit. The model has made use of 114 images of NOAA? s AVHRR sensor. In both cases, the model results have been compared with the data measured at local stations. As a result of that, it was found that the model sub-estimate the reference evapotranspiration (4% in humid regime and 5 % in dry regime) and, results with estimation errors of ±0,6 mm d-1 (humid region) and of ±0,7 mm d-1 (dry region). Given so, evapotranspiration maps for both regions were generated that reproduce realistically changes in the meteorological conditions at each station and among them. Lastly, the application of the model at a global scale is shown. To do so, the model parameters were calculated for 69 meteorological stations worldwide, located al various climatic conditions (cold, temperate and tropical).
Land-Cover Simulation and Forcast of Melmeg Wetland Using Cellular Automata

This paper presents a model to simulate and forecast wetland land-cover changes with geographic cellular automata.As one of the three ecosystems,Wetland ecosystem has so many functions in regulating the climate and water circulation on earth and wetland is the important resource for human being.But in recent years,the function of wetland has been degenerating severely with the increased human activity.How to protect the wetland resource has become a hot issue in the wetland research domain.Cellular automata,a "Bottom-to-up" dynamic system with powerful function in simulation have been used to simulate complex phenomena in many domains.The article expounds the importance of cellular automata in protecting the wetland resource in many aspects,especially in dynamically forecasting and simulating the trend of wetland land-cover,which will provide the important reference for the management and development of wetland.Considering the traditional square cell of CA has intrinsic deficiency of anisotropy because of its geometry shape,the model replaces it with hexagon cell which has better character in isotropy.The model,which uses the back-propagation neural network to mine transition rules of cellular automata,has a lot of merits that not only reduces the difficulty to establish the transition rule because of many kinds of land-cover types,but also reduces subjective idea and then improve the simulation accuracy.Finally,this model is applied to the Melmeg National Reserve Wetland.The result,which owned accuracy of about 80%,shows that the model is suitable for simulating wetland land-cover change.The forecast and simulation is based on the hypothesis that the development velocity in study area is the same in a short period.By simulation,it's clear that,in Melmeg wetland,the area of farmland will increase while wetland will decrease,and the grassland and forest may disappear in the coming years.The environment of wetland ecosystem of Melmeg will be worsened according to the simulation.