Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Continuity of Care Increases Physician Productivity in Primary Care

Continuity of care, defined as an ongoing therapeutic relationship between a patient and a physician, is a defining characteristic of primary care. However, arranging a consultation with one’s regular doctor is increasingly difficult as practices face physician shortages. We study the effect of declining care continuity on the productivity of physicians by analyzing data of over 10 million consultations in 381 English primary care practices over a period of 11 years. Specifically, we examine whether a consultation with the patient’s regular doctor is more productive than with another doctor in the practice. Using statistical models that account for confounding and selection bias and restricting the sample to consultations with patients who had at least three consultations over the past two years, we find that the time to a patient’s next visit is on average 18.1% (95% confidence interval: 16.9%, 19.2%) longer when the patient sees the doctor they have seen most frequently over the past two years, while there is no operationally meaningful difference in consultation duration. The data show that the productivity benefit of care continuity is larger for older patients, patients with multiple chronic conditions, and patients with mental health conditions. We estimate that the total consultation demand in our sample could have fallen by up to 5.2% had all practices offered continuity of care at the level of the top decile of practices while prioritizing patients expected to yield the largest productivity benefits. We discuss operational and strategic implications of these findings for primary care practices and for third-party payers. This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, healthcare management. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021. 02015 .
Monte Carlo Study of the External Environment Influence on the Energy Deposited in a Cavity Ionization Chamber

The LNMRI is developing an ionometric determination of the absorbed dose to water for primary standardization in the 60 Co beam. For the characterization of the primary standard ionization chamber, it is necessary to carry out experimental measurements and simulations with sufficient statistics to reach the appropriate uncertainty levels. To optimize the CPU time of these simulations, a computational study was carried out with the PENELOPE code on the contribution to the energy deposited in the cavity, coming from the electrons generated in the air outside an ionization chamber. These electrons were discriminated to evaluate their contribution to the energy deposited in the cavity. As a result of the transport of electrons in the air outside of the chamber, a 0.015% change in the energy deposited in the cavity was obtained by an “Recommended simulation”, through many simulations, all of them with 2x10 9 events. Considering the irrelevance of the influence of charged particles external to the cavity, three simulations were compared. The “detailed simulation”, with consumes huge CPU time; the “recommended simulation”, that uses the transport parameters recommended in the PENELOPE manual, and the “Optimized simulation”, that disregards external electrons. The impact on CPU time was significant. The estimated CPU times for 10 9 events were 80, 3 and 1.5 hours, for the detailed, recommended and optimized simulations, respectively.
Parkinson’s disease subtypes: lost in translation?

Like many neurodegenerative disorders, Parkinson’s disease (PD) is clinically highly heterogeneous. A number of studies have proposed and deﬁned subtypes of PD based on clinical features that tend to cluster together. These subtypes present an opportunity to reﬁne studies of aetiology, course and treatment responsiveness in PD, as clinical variability must represent underlying biological or pathophysiological differences between individuals. In this paper, we review what subtypes have been identiﬁed in PD and the validation they have undergone. We then discuss what the subtypes could tell us about the disease and how they have been incorporated into studies of aetiology, progression and treatment. Finally, with the knowledge that they have been incorporated very little into PD clinical research, we make recommendations for how subtypes should be used and make some practical recommendations to address this lack of knowledge translation.
FREQUENCY OF IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA AMONG CHILDREN PRESENTING WITH FEBRILE SEIZURES

Febrile seizures are a common neurological condition in young children, affecting around 2-5% of those under the age of 5 worldwide. Although they are usually harmless and resolve independently, they can cause significant distress for parents and caregivers. A recent study aimed to investigate the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in children with febrile seizures to determine whether iron status has an impact on these seizures. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Pediatrics, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, between January 2022 and January 2023. The study included 115 children between the ages of 6 months and 5 years who had experienced febrile seizures. Detailed clinical histories and blood samples were taken to measure hemoglobin, serum iron, ferritin, and complete blood counts. The children were divided into two groups based on their iron deficiency anemia status. The study found that 34.8% of the 115 participants had iron deficiency anemia (IDA), and the remaining 65.2% did not have IDA. The IDA group had significantly lower hemoglobin, serum iron, and ferritin levels than the non-IDA group. The average hemoglobin concentration in the IDA group was 9.8 g/dL, while it was 11.2 g/dL in the non-IDA group. The study suggests that a significant percentage of children who experience febrile seizures may also have iron deficiency anemia. This information can be helpful for healthcare providers in managing and treating these children.
Biomarkers and molecular endotypes of sarcoidosis: lessons from omics and non-omics studies

Sarcoidosis is a chronic granulomatous disorder characterized by unknown etiology, undetermined mechanisms, and non-specific therapies except TNF blockade. To improve our understanding of the pathogenicity and to predict the outcomes of the disease, the identification of new biomarkers and molecular endotypes is sorely needed. In this study, we systematically evaluate the biomarkers identified through Omics and non-Omics approaches in sarcoidosis. Most of the currently documented biomarkers for sarcoidosis are mainly identified through conventional “one-for-all” non-Omics targeted studies. Although the application of machine learning algorithms to identify biomarkers and endotypes from unbiased comprehensive Omics studies is still in its infancy, a series of biomarkers, overwhelmingly for diagnosis to differentiate sarcoidosis from healthy controls have been reported. In view of the fact that current biomarker profiles in sarcoidosis are scarce, fragmented and mostly not validated, there is an urgent need to identify novel sarcoidosis biomarkers and molecular endotypes using more advanced Omics approaches to facilitate disease diagnosis and prognosis, resolve disease heterogeneity, and facilitate personalized medicine.
What Challenges Does the Full-Touch HMI Mode Bring to Driver's Lateral Control Ability? A Comparative Study Based on Real Roads

In recent years, the full-touch human–machine interface (HMI) mode has been widely used in vehicles built by Tesla. This interaction mode replaces the conventional physical interaction modality with a screen, and it has a good sense of technological experience. However, it is unclear whether this mode will make the driver's lateral control more challenging than the conventional mode (CM). To investigate this issue, two most common secondary tasks were designed: dialing and navigation entry tasks and real-world road experiments were conducted using two instrumented vehicles. The vehicle operating parameters and the driver manual data were collected in different modes, respectively. Interestingly, the opposite results were found regarding the effect of the full-touch mode (FTM) on the driver's lateral control ability in different secondary tasks. Compared with the CM, the lateral control ability decreased less during the dialing task relative to the baseline driving in the FTM, while the lateral control ability decreased more in the FTM during the navigation entry task. In addition, drivers’ lateral control decreased further as task difficulty and driving speed increased regardless of mode. This study provides a theoretical basis for the development of laws and regulations regarding full-touch HMI mode.
Pengaruh Minat Belajar dan Perilaku Belajar Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran Ekonomi Di SMAN 3 Tanah Putih

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh minat belajar dan perilaku belajar terhadap prestasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran ekonomi di SMAN 3 Tanah Putih. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas XI IPS di SMAN 3 Tanah Putih Sampel dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan jenis Sampling Jenuh semua anggota populasi dijadikan sebagai sampel yaitu berjumlah 89 siswa. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan angket dan dokumentasi, data yang terkumpul kemudian ditabulasi dan dianalisis menggunakan regresi linier berganda. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari nilai Constant sebesar 78,178, nilai koefisien variabel minat belajar sebesar 0,833 dan koefisien perilaku belajar yaitu sebesar 0,855. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa arah hubungan yang dimiliki variabel minat belajar dan perilkau belajar terhadap prestasi belajar memiliki hubungan yang positif dan uji normalitas data bertujuan untuk mengukur apakah dalam model regresi variabel independen dan variabel dependen apakah keduannya mempunyai distribusi normal atau mendekati normal maka dapat dilihat dari nilai uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) dapat diketahui bahwa nilai signifikan variabel minat belajar (X? ) yaitu sebesar 0,246, variabel perilaku belajar (X? ) yaitu sebesar 0,106 variabel prestasi belajar (Y) sebesar 0,074. Jika nilai lebih besar dari 0,05 (Sig > 0,05). Maka dari pada itu dapat disimpulkan bahwa data minat belajar, perilaku belajar dan prestasi belajar tersebut berdistribusi normal.
Long-Term Fine-Grained Sediment Records in a Drainage System in Arid China: A New Perspective from Paleo-Climatological Records and Simulations

Atmospheric particulate matter (PM 2.5 and PM 10) can adversely affect human health and also has impacts on climate and precipitation. Much research has been done on the transport of human-made fine-grained matter in modern times. It is still unclear, though, what controls the transport process of fine-grained sediment from natural sources on the millennial scale. In this study, we present Holocene basin-wide fine-grained sediment records from the Shiyang River drainage basin system in arid China. Six Holocene sedimentary sequences were collected from various geomorphological units of the drainage system. A total of 1,043 sediment samples were obtained for analysis of fine-grained sediment; fifty-eight radiocarbon dates were acquired for establishing the geochronological frames. In addition, we synthesized the results from transient paleo-climate simulations to understand environmental backgrounds of the Holocene. Our records and simulations indicated that fine-grained sediment 2.5 μm content was relatively stable and less affected by monsoon intensities and circulations. Millennial-scale fine-grained sediment 10 μm content varied according to sedimentary facies, and it was negatively correlated with the winter monsoon intensity at eolian sediments. The fine-grained sediment 10 μm content increases dramatically at lacustrine layers in lake and alluvial sediments from the middle and lower drainage basin, showing its relationship with long-term moisture conditions that are closely related to monsoon precipitation based on climate simulations. This finding contributes to our understanding of the fine-grained matter trends against the backdrop of global warming.
Análisis teórico de la relación entre desarrollo económico y la adaptación de la estrategia de marketing de las pymes de consumo

In a globalized world with new advances in technology and communications, it is important to know the need for the adaptation of the marketing strategy so that in this way it can contribute to growth and excellent corporate results. Marketing capabilities are all skills and competencies of the company to help understand the behavior that defines the markets and how to operate in these markets (Day, 1994).
Performance enhancement of a base-isolation structure using optimal tuned inerter dampers

The traditional base-isolated system is vulnerable to long-period ground motions, which usually result in a large displacement concentration at the isolated floor due to the resonant effect. To address this issue, two types of base isolation systems with tuned inerter dampers (TID) composed of a spring, an inerter and a dashpot in serial or parallel, are proposed and evaluated in this paper. The design parameters of the two TID isolation systems are optimized using the H2 norm criteria to achieve the best RMS vibration performance under stochastic excitation. The TID frequency ratio and damping ratio are defined as the design parameters, whose optimal values are analytically derived for the undamped primary system and numerically verified. The results show that the optimum exists for isolation system with serial TID (inerter and dashpot in serious), while in the parallel TID isolation system large TID stiffness and large TID damping are preferred in practice. The parallel TID system cannot be tuned optimally for practical structures, nevertheless, it still achieves a better isolation performance than the optimal serial system by an appropriate selection of the design parameters. The influence of the structural parameters on the optimal design parameters are studied. Case studies are conducted in comparison with the traditional isolation system for a laboratory prototype of a five-story building. The proposed optimal serial TID isolation system has 59% more reduction in the RMS relative displacement between the superstructure and base and 58% in the RMS response of the base vibration under the far-fault earthquake. And 52% and 56% more reductions in the RMS relative displacement and the base vibration are respectively achieved under the near-fault earthquake. The potential power in the TID isolations in earthquakes are also examined.
Explicit and Implicit Aspect Extraction using Whale Optimization Algorithm and Hybrid Approach

Huge volume of reviews by customers published on different products websites has become an important source of information for both customers and companies. Customers require the information to help them in decision making for buying products, while companies analyze these reviews to improve their products. However, reading and analyzing huge amount of reviews manually are impossible and cumbersome. Thus, an automatic technique known as sentiment analysis or opinion mining has been used to analyze these reviews and extract the relevant information according to different users’ needs. The growth of sentiment analysis has resulted in the emergence of various techniques for explicit aspect extraction and implicit aspect extraction. In this paper, we proposed new approaches for both explicit and implicit aspect extraction. For explicit aspect extraction, we proposed to use Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) for selecting the best dependency relation patterns from the list of hand-craft patterns with the help of web based similarity. As for the implicit aspect extraction, we proposed a hybrid approach based on the use of corpus co-occurrence, dictionary-based, and web based similarity. To measure the performance of the proposed approaches, the approaches will tested and evaluated using standard datasets and will be compared to other baseline
Using Thin Films of Phase-Change Material for Active Tuning of Terahertz Waves Scattering on Dielectric Cylinders

The scattering of electromagnetic waves by isotropic dielectric cylinders can be dramatically modified by means of vanadium dioxide (VO2) thin-film coatings. Efficient dynamic control of scattering is achieved due to the variations in material parameters realizable by means of external biasing. In this paper, we study the scattering of terahertz waves in a case where the coating shells are made of VO2, a phase-change material, whose thin films may work rather as electromagnetic phase screens in the insulator material phase, but as lossy quasi-metallic components in the metallic material phase. The shells that uniformly cover the dielectric cylinders are investigated. Attention will be paid to the demonstration of the potential of VO2 in the external control of diverse scattering regimes of the dielectric-VO2 core–shell scatterer, while conductivity of VO2 corresponds to rather insignificant variations in temperature. In line with the purposes of this work, it is shown that the different resonant and nonresonant regimes have different sensitivity to the variations in VO2 conductivity. Both the total scattering cross section and field distributions inside and around the core are studied, as well as the angle-dependent scattering cross section.
Availability of Access, Watch, and Reserve groups of essential antibiotics: a cross-sectional survey

Background Lower-middle income countries face drastic challenges in Access to essential medicines. Data regarding Pakistan is scarce with no comprehensive study in this regard. The objectives of the study are to document and compare public and private sector availability of all essential antibiotics as well as to conduct a comparison among the AWaRe groups. Methods The study analyzed 103 essential antibiotics comprising 51 Access, 29 Watch, 6 Reserve, and 17 anti-tuberculosis drugs from 15th August to 10th September 2020 in Lahore, Pakistan. It included on-spot physical availability and availability trend surveys. The survey sites included five public tertiary care hospitals with one as anchor and four randomly selected. Their hospital pharmacies and one randomly selected private retail pharmacy from the vicinity each hospital comprised the ten sampling sites. Percentage availability for each antibiotic was categorized as high (>80%), fairly high (50–80%), low (30–<50%), very low (<30–>0%), and not available (0%). Results The mean percentage on-spot availability was 23.76% ± 5.19 (14–25%) for public facilities and 59.20% ± 4.45 (54–66%) for private sector retail pharmacies. The overall percentage of available essential antibiotics varied significantly (p** < 0.001) in public and private sector sampling sites. Except for the Watch group, all other groups showed the mode of 0% availability. A significant difference (p**** < 0.00001) was seen in percentage availability by Access, Watch, Reserve, and anti-TB-all groups of essential antibiotics. The availability trend survey revealed a list of 18 medicines as ‘as never been available’, and five medicines were ‘not available for 5 years or more than 5 years. ’ Fourteen medicines as ‘never been heard. ’ Conclusion Non-availability of essential medicines is a significant public health challenge at public-sector facilities in Pakistan. It was observed that a number of essential antibiotics were not available in both public and private sectors. A number of corrective strategies are required. This includes the engagement of stakeholder and government bodies. This can help to improve supply chain barriers.
Protein-Aided Synthesis of Copper-Integrated Polyaniline Nanocomposite Encapsulated with Reduced Graphene Oxide for Highly Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of Dimetridazole in Real Samples

Dimetridazole (DMZ) is a derivative of nitroimidazole and is a veterinary drug used as an antibiotic to treat bacterial or protozoal infections in poultry. The residues of DMZ cause harmful side effects in human beings. Thus, we have constructed a superior electrocatalyst for DMZ detection. A copper (Cu)-integrated poly(aniline) (PANI) electrocatalyst (PANI-Cu@BSA) was prepared by using a one-step method of biomimetic mineralization and polymerization using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a stabilizer. Then, the synthesized PANI-Cu@BSA was encapsulated with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) using an ultrasonication method. The PANI-Cu@BSA/rGO nanocomposite had superior water dispersibility, high electrical conductivity, and nanoscale particles. Moreover, a PANI-Cu@BSA/rGO nanocomposite-modified, screen-printed carbon electrode was used for the sensitive electrochemical detection of DMZ. In phosphate buffer solution, the PANI-Cu@BSA/rGO/SPCE displayed a current intensity greater than PANI-Cu@BSA/SPCE, rGO/SPCE, and bare SPCE. This is because PANI-Cu@BSA combined with rGO increases fast electron transfer between the electrode and analyte, and this synergy results in analyte–electrode junctions with extraordinary conductivity and active surface areas. PANI-Cu@BSA/rGO/SPCE had a low detection limit, a high sensitivity, and a linear range of 1.78 nM, 5.96 μA μM−1 cm−2, and 0.79 to 2057 μM, respectively. The selective examination of DMZ was achieved with interfering molecules, and the PANI-Cu@BSA/rGO/SPCE showed excellent selectivity, stability, repeatability, and practicability.
TQB2450 in patients with advanced malignant tumors: results from a phase I dose-escalation and expansion study

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy has demonstrated impressive clinical benefits in multiple tumor types. TQB2450, a novel monoclonal antibody targeting programmed cell death ligand 1, has shown safety and efficacy in preclinical studies. Objectives: This first-in-human study aimed to evaluate the safety/tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), immunogenicity, and preliminary antitumor activity of TQB2450 in patients with advanced malignant tumors. Design and methods: In this phase I study, eligible patients with advanced malignant tumors received intravenous TQB2450 once every 3 weeks. This study consisted of a 3 + 3 dose-escalation phase (1–30 mg/kg) and a specific dose-expansion phase (1200 mg). The primary endpoints were maximum tolerated dose (MTD), dose-limiting toxicity (DLT), and safety. The secondary endpoints were PK, immunogenicity, and investigator-assessed response rate. Results: Between April 2018 and February 2020, 40 patients were enrolled (22 in the dose-escalation phase and 18 in the dose-expansion phase). No DLT was reported and the MTD was not reached. Grade ⩾3 or worse treatment-related treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs) occurred in 11 (27.50%) patients, with the most frequent being aspartate aminotransferase increased (5.00%), leukopenia (5.00%), and anemia (5.00%). Treatment-related serious AEs were reported in six patients, the most common of which was decompensated liver function (5.00%). No treatment-related death was reported. The maximum serum concentration of TQB2450 increased in a dose-proportional manner. Treatment-induced anti-drug antibodies were detected in 31.58% (12/38) of patients. The investigator assessed the objective response rate as 5.00% and the disease control rate was 52.50%, including 2 partial responses and 19 stable diseases. The median progression-free survival was 2.69 (95% confidence interval, 2.07–6.14) months. Conclusion: TQB2450 has a manageable safety profile with favorable PK and immunogenicity and has shown early evidence of clinical activity in advanced malignant tumors. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03460457.