Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tyrosine sulfation: a modulator of extracellular protein–protein interactions

The study of living systems has been transformed by an explosion of genetic information. It is clear, however, that the structure of a mature protein is not dependent solely upon its gene. Post-translational modifications, such as glycosylation, proteolysis, phosphorylation, acylation, adenylation, farnesylation, ubiquitination, and sulfation, abound in living systems. These modifications affect a wide range of protein behaviors and characteristics, including enzyme activity, protein lifespan and protein–protein interactions.
Critical Analysis of Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Paleobotany of Atlantic Coastal Plain

This paper presents paleobotanical analyses and discussion bearing on the age, correlation, and stratigraphic relationships of the Cretaceous plant-bearing beds of the Coastal Plain from New Jersey to South Carolina. In New Jersey evidence is presented which challenges the recent correlation, by Spangler and Peterson, of the greater part of the plant-bearing Raritan formation with the Potomac group of Maryland-Delaware, and the assignment, by the same authors, of the major part of the Raritan formation to the Early Cretaceous. It is shown that both floral and faunal evidence supports the assignment of the Raritan formation to the early Late Cretaceous; and that both floral and faunal evidence indicates that none of the Potomac group formations can be correlated with any part of the Raritan formation of New Jersey. In the Delaware-Maryland-Virginia area the assignment of the Arundel and Patapsco formations of the Potomac group to the Late Cretaceous, as is done in two recent reports, is shown to be based on doubtful evidence. These formations are here regarded as more reasonably assignable to the Early Cretaceous, on the evidence of both plants and vertebrates. The beds overlying the Potomac group in Maryland and Delaware are here considered correctly assigned to the Raritan formation. In North Carolina the flora of the lower Black Creek formation is regarded as of essentially the same age as the Raritan and Magothy floras farther north, rather than of Matawan age as indicated in the Cretaceous correlation chart by the National Research Council Committee. In South Carolina the plant-bearing beds of the upper part of Cooke's Tuscaloosa formation are reassigned to the Middendorf member of the Black Creek formation, and are shown to be equivalent in age to the lower Black Creek formation of North Carolina. The name "Tuscaloosa formation" is abandoned for beds in both North and South Carolina which are here referred to the "Lower Cretaceous? (undifferentiated). "
The length‐scaling properties of topography

The scaling properties of synthetic topographic surfaces and digital elevation models (DEMs) of topography are examined by analyzing their “structure functions,” i.e., the qth order powers of the absolute elevation differences: Δhq(l) = E{|h(x + l) - h(x)|q}. We find that the relation Δh1(l) ≈clH describes well the scaling behavior of natural topographic surfaces, as represented by DEMs gridded at 3 arc sec. Average values of the scaling exponent H between ∼0.5 and 0.7 characterize DEMs from Ethiopia, Saudi Arabia, and Somalia over 3 orders of magnitude range in length scale l (∼0.1–150 km). Differences in apparent topographic roughness among the three areas most likely reflect differences in the amplitude factor c. Separate determination of scaling properties in the x and y coordinate directions allows us to assess whether scaling exponents are azimuthally dependent (anisotropic) or whether they are isotropic while the surface itself is anisotropic over a restricted range of length scale. We explore ways to determine whether topographic surfaces are characterized by simple or multiscaling properties. The difference between scaling exponents of Δh1(l) and Δh2(l) for the DEMs is small, but positive, and such divergence in the scaling exponents of the structure functions is consistent with multiscaling behavior. Exceedance and perimeter sets of fractional Brownian surfaces fail to yield the trivial fractal dimensions expected of sets of known monofractals, suggesting a practical limitation arising from the use of finite resolution data sets in the analysis. By comparing the hypsometry of “real” topography (represented as DEMs) with that of fractional Brownian surfaces, we show that synthetic surfaces based on Gaussian statistics are limited as models for natural topography. Hypsometric curves, which probably reflect the relative importance of tectonic and erosional processes in shaping topography, clearly show that statistical moments higher than the second are important in describing topographic surfaces. Scaling analysis is a valuable tool for assessing the quality and accuracy of DEM representations of the Earth's topography.
A multi‐isotope (B, Sr, O, H, and C) and age dating (3H–3He and 14C) study of groundwater from Salinas Valley, California: Hydrochemistry, dynamics, and contamination processes

The chemical and isotope (11B/10B, 87Sr/86Sr, 18O/16O, 2H/H, 13C/12C, 14C, and 3He/3H) compositions of groundwater from the upper aquifer system of the Salinas Valley in coastal central California were investigated in order to delineate the origin and processes of groundwater contamination in this complex system. The Salinas Valley has a relatively deep, confined “400‐foot” aquifer, overlain by a “180‐foot” aquifer and a shallower perched aquifer, all made up of alluvial sand, gravel and clay deposits. Groundwater from the aquifers have different 14C ages: fossil (14C = 21.3 percent modern carbon (pmc) for the 400‐foot aquifer and modern (14C = 72.2–98.2 pmc) for the 180‐foot aquifer. Fresh groundwater in all aquifers is recharged naturally and artificially through the Salinas River. The two modes of recharge can be distinguished chemically. We identified several different saline components with distinguishable chemical and isotopic fingerprints. (1) Saltwater intrusion in the northern basin has C1 concentrations up to 1700 mg/L, a Na/Cl ratio less than seawater, a marine Br/Cl ratio, a Ca/Cl ratio greater than seawater, δ11B between +17 and +38‰ and 87Sr/86Sr between 0.7088 and 0.7096. Excess dissolved Ca, relative to the expected concentration for simple dilution of seawater, correlates with 87Sr/86Sr ratios, suggesting base exchange reaction with clay materials. (2) Agriculture return flow is high in NO3 and SO4, with a 87Sr/86Sr = 0.7082,δ11B =19‰and δ13C between −23 and −17‰. The 3H–3He ages (5–17 years) and 14C data suggest vertical infiltration rates of irrigation water of 3–10 m/yr. (3) Nonmarine saline water in the southern part of the valley has high total dissolved solids up to 3800 mg/L, high SO4, Na/Cl ratio >1, δ11B between +24 and +30‰, and 87Sr/86Sr = 0.70852. This groundwater may have acquired its geochemical signature from leaching of sedimentary rocks associated with the Coast Range marine deposits of Mesozoic to early Cenozoic age. The combination of different geochemical and isotopic fingerprints enables us to delineate the impact of salt sources in different areas of the valley and to reconstruct the origin of the SO4‐enriched NO3‐depleted saline plume that is located west of the city of Salinas. We suggest that the latter is derived from a mixture of different natural saline waters rather than from anthropogenic contamination.
A two-dimensional model for the thermohaline circulation under an ice shelf

The production of Antarctic Bottom Water is influenced by Ice Shelf Water which is formed due to the modification of shelf water masses under huge ice shelves. The coupling of inflow conditions, thermohaline processes at the ice shelf base and the sub-ice shelf circulation is studied with a two-dimensional thermohaline circulation model which has been developed for a section perpendicular to the ice shelf edge. Different boundary conditions appropriate to the Filchner Ice Shelf regime are considered. The model results indicate that, in general, shelf water is transported toward the grounding line, where at the ice shelf base melting occurs with a maximum rate of 1.5 my−1. Accumulation of ice takes place at the end of the melting zone close to the ice shelf edge with a rate on the order of 0.1 my−1. The location of this accumulation zone determines whether or not the density increase by salt rejection causes an upper circulation cell and the separation of the modified water mass from the ice shelf base at mid-range depth. At the ice shelf edge the simulated temperature, salinity, helium and δ18O values for the temperature minimum layer are typical for Ice Shelf Water. However the sub-ice shelf circulation is highly variable as well as sensitive to changes in boundary conditions. Moderate changes in the characteristics of the inflowing water or in sea-floor topography may double the intensity of the circulation. Non-linear processes in the accumulation zone cause variabilities which can be described by an ice shelf edge oscillator influencing the entire circulation regime.
Benthic Macroinvertebrate Communities in Arctic Lakes and Ponds of Central Nunavut, Canada

Abstract The diversity and distribution of aquatic benthic invertebrate communities of 17 lakes and 3 shallow ponds near Iqaluit and Rankin Inlet, Nunavut, Canada, were examined to assess patterns with respect to environmental gradients. Macroinvertebrates were collected using 500 µm mesh D-nets, and collected specimens were identified and enumerated; a total of 40 taxa were identified. Multivariate analyses (Redundancy Analysis) of relative abundance (%) data identified habitat (dominant substrate type), water chemistry, nutrients, and food/productivity (total phosphorus, total nitrogen, sulfate, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll a), physical characteristics (maximum depth), catchment-related properties (lake elevation), and climate-related properties as significant environmental gradients influencing community composition. Ecosystem-scale lake characteristics had the greatest influence on benthic communities, followed by substrate type; however, there were substantive amounts of community variation influenced by the interaction between lake characteristics, substrate type, and regional differences. A number of environmental variables may have been significant due to differences in their values when comparing Rankin Inlet region sites versus Iqaluit region sites. The results agree with other studies indicating that benthic invertebrate communities are influenced by environmental gradients acting at different scales ranging from local, within-lake scales to large, regional scales.
Radar altimetry: A new concept in monitoring lake level changes

Remote sensing of closed and climatically sensitive open lakes can provide useful information for hydrological applications and, through long-term monitoring, for climatic change. One new method that offers a unique way of providing relative lake level data in areas where ground gauge measurements are unavailable uses satellite radar altimetry. Global measurement of climate-related variables will help to detect and monitor climate changes as they occur and validate climate models and related process studies. Because lake volumes respond to changes in precipitation integrated over their catchment basins [Street-Perrott et al., 1986], they can act as important indirect indicators of climatic change. This response is particularly marked for closed lakes which have no significant surface or subsurface outflow.
Gestion concertée des poissons migrateurs et dynamiques socio-naturelles d'un dispositif, le comité de gestion des poissons migrateurs, entre Garonne et Seine

La comparaison du fonctionnement de deux comites de gestion des poissons migrateurs (Garonne et Seine) permet de questionner les differents types de gestion de la biodiversite.Quels en sont les points forts et les points faibles ? Quelles lecons en tirer pour une gestion concertee de la biodiversite ?
Fuzzified Energy Efficient Mechanism (FEEM) in Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless Sensor Network is one of the most rapidly developing technologies with a wide range of applications which includes a sensing process, security providence and surveillance, environmental sensing and military applications. Significant trend led to the emergence of small and low-cost computation and communication devices, called sensor nodes. Sensors are capable of sensing and transmitting process by consuming some amount of energy. The devices have the potential to serve as a catalyst for major changes. FEEM (Fuzzified Energy Efficient Mechanism) is a clustering based protocol proposed for continuous data-gathering with reduced energy consumption in WSN. The network is organized into clusters with cluster-heads periodically collecting, aggregating/compressing the data from nodes within the cluster, before sending them from Cluster head to Base station. Cluster-heads are changed periodically based on the Residual Energy available with the nodes in the cluster. The protocol is built based on the existing LEACH protocol to increase the lifetime of sensor network as well as to provide the energy efficiency at each node in WSN.
Journal of Discrete Algorithms

We revisit the classical algorithms for searching over sorted sets to introduce an algorithm reﬁnement, called Adaptive search, that combines the good features of Interpolation search and those of Binary search. W.r. t. Interpolation search, only a constant number of extra comparisons is introduced. Yet, under diverse input data distributions our algorithm shows costs comparable to that of Interpolation search, i.e., O ( loglog n ) while the worst-case cost is always in O ( log n ) , as with Binary search. On benchmarks drawn from large datasets, both synthetic and real-life, Adaptive search scores better times and lesser memory accesses even than Santoro and Sidney’s Interpolation–Binary search.
Serotonin In the Human Brain Without Drugs”

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a set of physical and mental symptoms that occur one week to several days before menstruation and vanish until menstruation arrives. Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is characterized by severe pain. While premenstrual syndrome is not life threatening, it can have a negative impact on a woman's mental health and productivity. Physical activity and Body Mass Index (BMI) are two factors that affect the occurrence of premenstrual syndrome. The aim of this research was to see if there was a connection between physical activity and body mass index (BMI), as well as the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome in young women. The approach used in this analysis was a literature review. Data was gathered from 10 relevant journals, 7 of which were national and 3 of which were foreign. Secondary data was used in the review, and data analysis was completed in September 2020. Both trials with the dependent variable premenstrual syndrome and associated physical activity as well as the independent variables body mass index (BMI) were included in this study. Journals and academic papers for this study were collected from an online database that was available from 2015 to 2020.
Contextual Linear Types for Differential Privacy

Language support for differentially-private programming is both crucial and delicate. While elaborate program logics can be very expressive, type-system based approaches using linear types tend to be more lightweight and amenable to automatic checking and inference, and in particular in the presence of higher-order programming. Since the seminal design of Fuzz, which is restricted to ${\epsilon}$-differential privacy, a lot of effort has been made to support more advanced variants of differential privacy, like $({\epsilon},{\delta})$-differential privacy. However, no existing type system supports these advanced privacy variants while also supporting higher-order programming in full generality. We present Jazz, a language and type system which uses linear types and latent contextual effects to support both advanced variants of differential privacy and higher order programming . Even when avoiding advanced variants and higher order programming, our system achieves higher precision than prior work for a large class of programming patterns. We formalize the core of the Jazz language, prove it sound for privacy via a logical relation for metric preservation, and illustrate its expressive power through a number of case studies drawn from the recent differential privacy literature.
Home-Based Physical Activity Program with Health Coaching for participants with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Sweden, A Pilot Study

Background: Home-based interventions are at the center stage of current healthcare demands. There is a clear need to translate pulmonary rehabilitation to a home-based setting. This 8-week pilot study aimed to determine the feasibility of a Home-based Physical Activity (HPA) program for 12 participants with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in Sweden. Methods: Patients with COPD, age 40 years or older, and clinically stable in the last 3 months were recruited. The program included the use of a �tness tracker to monitor step count, weekly health coaching calls using motivational interviewing, and video-guided mindful movements (tai chi and yoga exercises). The outcome measures were adherence to the eight-week program video-guided exercises (number of times videos were watched), adherence to health coaching calls (minimum 8), monthly and daily step count, and quality of life (QoL) using the Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire, (CRQ). Results: Thirteen participants were enrolled, and one participant dropped out. Twelve participants adhered to 8-weeks of health coaching calls and step monitoring. We had a total of 643 video-exercise views, the compliance exceeded the minimum standard (576 views). The mean difference comparing total monthly steps from baseline and the eight-week time point was 47 039 steps (CI – 113625-1623.5, p=0.06). The minimal clinical improvement of 500 daily steps was found for 8 of the patients. No signi�cant improvement was found in the QoL measures and mental health. Conclusions: We found the HPA program to be a feasible intervention. Patients showed high adherence to tracking step counts, health coaching calls, and video-guided exercise. No improvements in QoL or monthly step count emerged, however, we found high compliance and a positive trend in the number of monthly step counts, and improvements of at least 500 daily step counts improved in most patients with this small sample size.
STATE OF THE ART Making sense of ﬁnancialization

Sincetheearly2000s,scholarsfromavarietyofdisciplineshaveusedtheconceptof ﬁnancialization to describe a host of structural changes in the advanced political economies. Studiesofﬁnancializationinterrogatehowanincreasinglyautonomous realm of global ﬁnance has altered the underlying logics of the industrial economy and the inner workings of democratic society. This paper evaluates the insights of morethanadecadeofscholarshiponﬁnancialization. Threeapproacheswillbedis-cussed: the emergence of a new regime of accumulation, the ascendency of the shareholder value orientation and the ﬁnancialization of everyday life. It is argued that a deeper understanding of ﬁnancialization will lead to a better understanding oforganizedinterests,thepoliticsofthewelfarestate,andprocessesofinstitutional change.
Fast Sampling and Inference via Preconditioned Langevin Dynamics

Sampling from distributions play a crucial role in aiding practitioners with statistical inference. However, in numerous situations, obtaining exact samples from complex distributions is infeasible. Consequently, researchers often turn to approximate sampling techniques to address this challenge. Fast approximate sampling from complicated distributions has gained much traction in the last few years with considerable progress in this field. Previous work has shown that for some problems a preconditioning can make the algorithm faster. In our research, we explore the Langevin Monte Carlo (LMC) algorithm and demonstrate its effectiveness in enabling inference from the obtained samples. Additionally, we establish a convergence rate for the LMC Markov chain in total variation. Lastly, we derive non-asymptotic bounds for approximate sampling from specific target distributions in the Wasserstein distance, particularly when the preconditioning is spatially invariant.
Viscoelastic increase of detachment stress of a rigid punch from adhesive soft viscoelastic layers

The problem of the detachment of a sufficiently large flat indenter from a plane adhesive viscoelastic strip of thickness"b"is studied. For any given retraction speed, three different detachment regimes are found: (i) for very small"b"the detachment stress is constant and equal to the theoretical strength of the interface, (ii) for intermediate values of"b"the detachment stress decays approximately as b^(-1/2), (iii) for thick layers a constant detachment stress is obtained corresponding to case the punch is detaching from a halfplane. By using the boundary element method a comprehensive numerical study is performed which assumes a linear viscoelastic material with a single relaxation time and a Lennard-Jones force-separation law. Pull-off stress is found to consistently and monotonically increase with unloading rate, but to be almost insensitive to the history of the contact. Due to viscoelasticity, unloading at high enough retraction velocity may allow punches of macroscopic size to reach the theoretical strength of the interface. Finally, a corrective term in Greenwood or Persson theories considering finite size effects is proposed. Theoretical and numerical results are found in very good agreement.
Reissner-Nordstr\"om black holes in de Sitter space-time: bounds with quasinormal frequencies

Rich physics can be divined from charged black holes subjected to extremal conditions. When applied in conjunction with principles like Weak Cosmic Censorship, this naturally leads to constraints on the mass and charge of the black hole. However, more nuanced principles such as the Weak Gravity Conjecture (WGC) and the recently proposed Festina-Lente (FL) bound can provide, respectively, upper and lower bounds on elementary charged particles. In this study, we examine the quasinormal modes (QNMs) exhibited by a massive scalar test field carrying an electric charge, oscillating in the outer region of the black hole. These modes are subjected to the constraints imposed by the FL and WGC bounds. Our analysis provides insight into the behaviour of QNMs, particularly in regions that approach the extremal conditions of the black hole. Notably, in these regimes, the stability of the modes becomes precarious, particularly in the presence of a positive cosmological constant. The implications of our findings are far-reaching and significant. They extend from safeguarding the principles of cosmic censorship to addressing the structural stability of the black hole's interior. Our semi-classical analysis presents compelling evidence suggesting that Strong Cosmic Censorship may be violated for black holes that are in close proximity to extremality within the context of Reissner-Nordstr\"om-de Sitter (RNdS) geometries.