Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changes in subcutaneous white adipose tissue cellular composition and molecular programs underlie glucose intolerance in persons with HIV

Introduction Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) is a critical regulator of systemic metabolic homeostasis. Persons with HIV (PWH) have an increased risk of metabolic diseases and significant alterations in the SAT immune environment compared with the general population. Methods We generated a comprehensive single-cell multi-omic SAT atlas to characterize cellular compositional and transcriptional changes in 59 PWH across a spectrum of metabolic health. Results Glucose intolerance was associated with increased lipid-associated macrophages, CD4+ and CD8+ T effector memory cells, and decreased perivascular macrophages. We observed a coordinated intercellular regulatory program which enriched for genes related to inflammation and lipid-processing across multiple cell types as glucose intolerance increased. Increased CD4+ effector memory tissue-resident cells most strongly associated with altered expression of adipocyte genes critical for lipid metabolism and cellular regulation. Intercellular communication analysis demonstrated enhanced pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic signaling between immune cells and stromal cells in PWH with glucose intolerance compared with non-diabetic PWH. Lastly, while cell type-specific gene expression among PWH with diabetes was globally similar to HIV-negative individuals with diabetes, we observed substantially divergent intercellular communication pathways. Discussion These findings suggest a central role of tissue-resident immune cells in regulating SAT inflammation among PWH with metabolic disease, and underscore unique mechanisms that may converge to promote metabolic disease.
Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical-Chemical Coupled Modeling of Geothermal Doublet Systems in Limestones

Limestone aquifers in Southern Germany have been used within the last decade very successfully for geothermal heating and – to a lesser extent – for power generation. As an example the region around Munich has been extensively explored. While the extent of usage of this reservoir is increasing there is also an increased interest in better understanding of the reservoir properties and its change in the course of operation. For instance, the observed production and injection pressures are partly hard to explain. They may be related to mechanical or chemical processes, or both. Based on extensive data of outcrop studies and drillings, a data-base for the relevant physical properties of the respective limestones has been complied. The data include thermal conductivity, density, specific heat capacity, permeability, as well as mechanical properties like thermal expansion coefficient and elasticity modules. By using the hydro-thermo-chemical simulator FEFLOW together with an extension for thermoand hydro-mechanical coupling the relevant processes are studied and compared with observed data. Conclusions for an optimized operation of geothermal systems in limestones are given and discussed.
Mountain Weather: Backcountry Forecasting and Weather Safety for Hikers, Campers, Climbers, Skiers, and Snowboarders

For anyone venturing into the mountains: Does the weather say go or stay home? A meteorologist (and outdoorsman) guides your decision. Working as a broadcast meteorologist, Jeff Renner hears all too frequent reports about weather-related hiking, climbing, and skiing accidents. He'll teach you how to avoid becoming a statistic: all it takes is a little basic weather knowledge, pre-trip planning, and vigilance on the mountain. Renner discusses reading clouds, wind patterns, snow conditions, and other clues both pre-trip and on the mountain. If you do get caught under stormy skies, he'll teach you how to limit your exposure. The book is filled with tip lists and conceret examples. Renner also includes chapters on weather patterns region by region across the U.S., highlighted by reference maps.
A Mini-Review of Current Treatment Approaches and Gene Therapy as Potential Interventions for Diabetes Mellitus Types 1

Diabetes mellitus type 1 is a chronic condition characterized by the loss or dysfunction of β-cells in the pancreas, resulting in insufficient insulin production. This mini-review examines current treatment approaches and explores the potential of gene therapy as interventions for type 1 diabetes mellitus. The discussed strategies include β-cell sensitization, β-cell regeneration from various cell sources, stem cell therapies, and the promotion of β-cell replication. The article emphasizes the importance of understanding the pathways involved in β-cell proliferation and the factors influencing their replication. Stem cell therapies, particularly using embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, hold promise for generating β-cells and replacing damaged or lost cells. Additionally, gene therapy offers a novel approach by manipulating genes involved in insulin production and glucose metabolism. However, ethical considerations, tumorigenic risks, and the translation of these therapies into clinical trials pose challenges. Nonetheless, the ongoing research and advancements in these areas provide hope for improved management and treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus.
EARTH TEMPERATURE AND THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY AT SELECTED STATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES

Abstract : To provide information related to the heat transfer in underground installations, 63 sets of data showing annual variations of monthly average earth temperatures at various depths throughout the 48 contiguous states of the United States of America have been compiled and analyzed for the Office of Civil Defense. These data were used to compute the annual average amplitude and phase angle of the earth temperature by a least-squares method. Thermal diffusivities of earth computed from the observed temperature data by both the amplitude method and phase lag method were compared for selected earth temperature stations. The monthly average earth temperature at depth intervals of two feet to a depth of 10 feet and the annual maximum and minimum integrated average temperatures in this region were calculated for each station for a selected value of thermal diffusivity using the results of the least-squares analysis. Annual average values of earth temperature and the amplitude and phase angle of the annual cycle of earth surface temperature were compared with the corresponding values of air and ground water temperatures.
Bayesian Combination Approach to Traffic Forecasting With Graph Attention Network and ARIMA Model

To better capture the spatio-temporal characteristics and reduce unbalanced errors in short-term traffic prediction, an advanced Bayesian combination model with graph neural network (ABCM-GNN) is proposed. A new ABCM framework involving an error correction mechanism is established, based on the analysis of distance correlation between historical and current traffic volumes. Two sub-predictors built, respectively, on the graph attention gated recurrent unit (GAGRU) network, which captures the spatial correlation of road network, and autoregressive integrated moving average method (ARIMA), are incorporated into the ABCM framework to enhance the strength and capability of the framework. The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed model are demonstrated in various scenarios with experiments conducted using real-time traffic data collected on the California freeway. The overall results show that the ABCM-GNN with ARIMA method is superior to state-of-the-art methods in terms of precision and stability.
Comparative transcriptomic and plastid development analysis sheds light on the differential carotenoid accumulation in kiwifruit flesh

Carotenoids are colorful lipophilic isoprenoids synthesized in all photosynthetic organisms which play roles in plant growth and development and provide numerous health benefits in the human diet (precursor of Vitamin A). The commercially popular kiwifruits are golden yellow-fleshed (Actinidia chinensis) and green fleshed (A. deliciosa) cultivars which have a high carotenoid concentration. Understanding the molecular mechanisms controlling the synthesis and sequestration of carotenoids in Actinidia species is key to increasing nutritional value of this crop via breeding. In this study we analyzed fruit with varying flesh color from three Actinidia species; orange-fleshed A. valvata (OF), yellow-fleshed A. polygama (YF) and green-fleshed A. arguta (GF). Microscopic analysis revealed that carotenoids accumulated in a crystalline form in YF and OF chromoplasts, with the size of crystals being bigger in OF compared to YF, which also contained globular substructures in the chromoplast. Metabolic profiles were investigated using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), which showed that β-carotene was the predominant carotenoid in the OF and YF species, while lutein was the dominant carotenoid in the GF species. Global changes in gene expression were studied between OF and GF (both tetraploid) species using RNA-sequencing which showed higher expression levels of upstream carotenoid biosynthesis-related genes such as DXS, PSY, GGPPS, PDS, ZISO, and ZDS in OF species compared to GF. However, low expression of downstream pathway genes was observed in both species. Pathway regulatory genes (OR and OR-L), plastid morphology related genes (FIBRILLIN), chlorophyll degradation genes (SGR, SGR-L, RCCR, and NYC1) were upregulated in OF species compared to GF. This suggests chlorophyll degradation (primarily in the initial ripening stages) is accompanied by increased carotenoid production and localization in orange flesh tissue, a contrast from green flesh tissue. These results suggest a coordinated change in the carotenoid pathway, as well as changes in plastid type, are responsible for an orange phenotype in certain kiwifruit species.
Characterizing Water on Early Mars through the Geomorphic Analysis, Crater-Age Dating, and Sediment Transport Modeling of Valley Networks and Deltas

The presence of valley networks across much of the ancient surface of Mars, together with the locations and morphologies of the ancient Martian deltas and paleolakes, provides strong evidence that the Martian surface environment was once capable of sustaining liquid water at the surface. Many of the largest valley networks have characteristics consistent with their formation primarily by precipitation and surface runoff. However, the timing and duration of clement conditions on Mars has remained unclear. Ten of the largest valley networks on Mars were mapped, crater-age dated, and analyzed to understand changes in fluvial erosion during early Martian history. Crater-age dating of individual valley networks revealed ages that cluster in the Late Noachian and Early Hesperian, consistent with their formation during a period of enhanced fluvial erosion and incision on Mars. Formation timescales of the valley networks were investigated through the use of three different sediment transport models, the Darcy-Weisbach flow velocity equation, and a variety of parameters to encompass a range of possible formation conditions. With runoff rates similar to intense storms in arid regions on Earth, the minimum formation timescales of these Martian valley networks range from 10 5 to 10 7 years. Shorter formation timescales require hurricanescale flows that, if minimized with assumptions of continuous formation unlike even terrestrial rates, could complete large valley network formation in as little as 200 to 5000 years, though this is not the preferred interpretation. Investigating the effects of changing hydrologic and sedimentary conditions on Martian delta formation with 3-D modeling indicates that significant off shore sedimentation is common, particularly with high river discharge scenarios. These results have important implications for the formation timescales of the deltas and the lack of identifiable deltas on Mars today. While the results of this thesis do not support impact-induced climate change as the mechanism for creating precipitation sufficient to incise the large valley networks, neither do they extend the amount of time required to form the features beyond their range in age, consistent with hypotheses that precipitation was constrained to a relatively short period of Martian history near the Noachian-Hesperian boundary, approximately 3.6 to 3.8 Ga.
A Spectrum of Solutions: Unveiling Non-Pharmacological Approaches to Manage Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder that causes difficulty while socializing and communicating and the performance of stereotyped behavior. ASD is thought to have a variety of causes when accompanied by genetic disorders and environmental variables together, resulting in abnormalities in the brain. A steep rise in ASD has been seen regardless of the numerous behavioral and pharmaceutical therapeutic techniques. Therefore, using complementary and alternative therapies to treat autism could be very significant. Thus, this review is completely focused on non-pharmacological therapeutic interventions which include different diets, supplements, antioxidants, hormones, vitamins and minerals to manage ASD. Additionally, we also focus on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies, herbal remedies, camel milk and cannabiodiol. Additionally, we concentrate on how palatable phytonutrients provide a fresh glimmer of hope in this situation. Moreover, in addition to phytochemicals/nutraceuticals, it also focuses on various microbiomes, i.e., gut, oral, and vaginal. Therefore, the current comprehensive review opens a new avenue for managing autistic patients through non-pharmacological intervention.
Carbon in Pine Forest Ecosystems of Middle Zavolgie, Russia

Beginning with the industrial revolution, the rapid increase in atmospheric CO2 concentrations still continues to give rise to concern about a long-term global climate change. Being large reservoirs of carbon, the pine forests of Middle Zavolgie are an important part of Russian forests and, thus, of the global carbon cycle. The aim of this study is to estimate the carbon budget for pine biomass at the stand and regional levels in Middle Zavolgie, Russia. The assessment is based on carbon sequestration. This approach enables studying the remaining amount (subtracted from the gross production) of carbon in vegetation, litter, and soil organic matter after the carbon has been released back into the atmosphere by the respiration and decay processes. The total carbon budget during a period of 120 years for the I site modal pine stands is 160 Mg C/ha, consisting of vegetation stock 107 Mg C/ha, litter stock 28 Mg C/ha and SOM stock 28 Mg C/ha. The largest total stock of 254 Mg C/ha consists of a normal pine stand of the first site. The total regional carbon budget of pine forests is 128.4 TgC. While Kirovskaya oblast has the largest proportion of the total carbon stock in Middle Zavolgie (70 TgC), Tatarstan has only 5.2 TgC. The pine stands of Nizegorodskaya oblast and the Mari El Republic have 37.4 TgC and 15.8 TgC of carbon stores, respectively. This study on the stand level analysis forms the basis for a further method of regional assessments. However, when calculating accurate estimates, several factors should be taken into account. These include stand structure, forest fires, and other disturbances, including the removal of biomass from the forest as wood-based products.
Managing multiple, geographically-separated identities, and its effect on employee retention

Extant literature posits that an individual manages their multiple identities by integrating or separating them to varying degrees. We posit that, rather than managing a single set of identities, an individual may engage different identity structures in different contexts. We use the fly-in, fly-out work context, whereby an employee’s home and work are substantially geographically separated, to explore whether different identity structures exist, strategies for managing them, and their effect on employee retention intentions. Analysis of qualitative data from 29 participants collected across three work sites revealed three main strategies that employees adopt to cope with having multiple identity structures: aligning identities; making work identity dominant; and creating a new identity around the working arrangement and discarding all other identities. These strategies interact with the employee’s actual identity structure to influence retention intentions. Implications for retaining employees in such working arrangements are discussed.
Climate change, water conflicts and human security: regional assessment and policy guidelines for the Mediterranean, Middle East and Sahel

The Mediterranean, the Middle East and Sahel (MMES) are regions that are prone to extreme weather events, such as frequent droughts or floods, which are likely to be triggered by climate change and existing conflicts or tensions. The CLICO project sought to discover whether the effects of climate change in terms of water scarcity, droughts and floods in the region present a threat to human security, not least by exacerbating social tensions and intra- and inter-state conflicts. The study also considered the proposition that climate change might be a catalyst for cooperation and peace. This report presents a comprehensive regional assessment of the Mediterranean, Middle East, and Sahel in terms of climate change impacts, vulnerabilities, conflict/cooperation and human security at various scales and in a variety of contexts. The CLICO project builds on interdisciplinary and cross-comparative research covering a variety of geographical scales and historical contexts to unravel social, political, environmental/ ecological and economic conditions in relation to the environment.
‘Poverty, Equity and Growth in Developing and Transition Countries: Statistical Methods and Empirical Analysis’

The COVID-19 pandemic shapes the lives of people around the globe – at the same time, people themselves have the power to shape the pandemic. By employing protective health behavior, such as social distancing, hygiene, mask wearing, and appropriate actions when infected, the population can contribute to alleviating the severity of an outbreak. This may be of particular importance whenever health systems or populations are vulnerable to shocks, as is frequently the case in lowand middle-income settings. Therefore, understanding the underlying drivers of protective health behavior against COVID-19 is urgently needed to shape policy responses. We investigate the individual-level determinants of disease knowledge and behavior in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Aceh, Indonesia. We use data from a representative population sample of 40-70year old’s, obtained from telephone interviews between March and May 2020 and face-to-face interviews in 2019. We employ linear probability models that account for a comprehensive set of factors that were previously found to influence knowledge and practice during pandemics. These factors pertain to socioeconomic characteristics, behavioral economic preferences, pandemic knowledge, and informational sources. We find that both knowledge and uptake of protective health behavior are relatively high. Knowledge is the largest explanatory driver of protective health behavior, while socioeconomics and economic preferences are minor determinants. However, knowledge itself is strongly shaped by socioeconomic gradients, being lower in less educated, less wealthy and rural households. Similarly, information sources predict knowledge, and differ significantly by socioeconomic groups.
South Asia in the World: Problem Solving Perspectives on Security, Sustainable Development, and Good Governance

The problems of South Asia, and the numbers of people affected, are so huge that they pose a defining challenge to the United Nations in its role as the global arena for problem solving. This book presents issues of particular relevance to the region and explores the potential for improvement in domestic and international efforts to alleviate the problems of South Asia.
A Deep View of the Biological Property of Interleukin-33 and Its Dysfunction in the Gut

Intestinal diseases have always posed a serious threat to human health, with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) being one of them. IBD is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation, including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). The “alarm” cytokine IL-33, which is intimately associated with Th2 immunity, is a highly potent inflammatory factor that is considered to have dual functions—operating as both a pro-inflammatory cytokine and a transcriptional regulator. IL-33 has been shown to play a crucial role in both the onset and development of IBD. Therefore, this review focuses on the pathogenesis of IBD, the major receptor cell types, and the activities of IL-33 in innate and adaptive immunity, as well as its underlying mechanisms and conflicting conclusions in IBD. We have also summarized different medicines targeted to IL-33-associated diseases. Furthermore, we have emphasized the role of IL-33 in gastrointestinal cancer and parasitic infections, giving novel prospective therapeutic utility in the future application of IL-33.
Tinea Corporis Masquerading as Inflammatory Papulo-Squamous Disease

findings diagnosis of hyperkeratotic dermatophytosis was made. After histopathological diagnosis, fungal culture was also performed which yielded Trichophyton species. There was no family history of dermatophytosis or contact with pets. She was also investigated for stunting and primary immunodeficiency (PID). Investigations revealed primary hypothyroidism, normal serum immunoglobulin E levels, and a normal proportion of B, T, CD4, CD8, and NK lymphocytes. Nitroblue tetrazolium test was negative. She also had a significantly low proportion of Th17 cells. She was started on levothyroxine and syrup itraconazole 5 mg/kg/day in two divided doses, which showed almost complete clearance in the next 6 weeks [Figure 3]. On discontinuation of itraconazole patient again developed similar lesions all over the body along with oral candidiasis, so itraconazole was maintained for prophylaxis of dermatophytosis and candidiasis.
VARIACIONES DE UN METODO QUIMICO DE LIMPIEZA PARA LA PREPARACION DE VERTEBRADOS FOSILES

The specific action of complex agents in the dissolution of iron matrix is underlined in this work. Fossil fragments from Puesto Viejo Formation (Scitian) were treated at different concentrations of thioglycolic acid (TGA), Mohr salt and pH. It was noted that at: TGA = 5 %; Fe (II) = 0.3 % and pl-I 3,90 the matrix dissolution was best. Finally the chemical cleaning method used on the skull of the carnivorous cynodont Cynognathus minor Bonaparte is described. As a result, structural details not described until now were observed.