Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A stochastic volatility model with jumps

We consider a stochastic volatility model with jumps where the underlying asset price is driven by the process sum of a 2-dimensional Brownian motion and a 2-dimensional compensated Poisson process. The market is incomplete, resulting in infinitely many equivalent martingale measures. We find the set equivalent martingale measures, and we hedge by minimizing the variance using Malliavin calculus.
Dov J. (2016) Mathematical modelling of antimicrobial resistance in agricultural waste highlights importance of gene transfer rate. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 92 (4).

Antimicrobial resistance is of global concern. Most antimicrobial use is in agriculture; manures and slurry are especially important because they contain a mix of bacteria, including potential pathogens, antimicrobial resistance genes and antimicrobials. In many countries, manures and slurry are stored, especially over winter, before spreading onto fields as organic fertilizer. Thus these are a potential location for gene exchange and selection for resistance. We develop and analyze a mathematical model to quantify the spread of antimicrobial resistance in stored agricultural waste. We use parameters from a slurry tank on a UK dairy farm as an exemplar. We show that the spread of resistance depends in a subtle way on the rates of gene transfer and antibiotic inflow. If the gene transfer rate is high, then its reduction controls resistance, while cutting antibiotic inflow has little impact. If the gene transfer rate is low, then reducing antibiotic inflow controls resistance. Reducing length of storage can also control spread of resistance. Bacterial growth rate, fitness costs of carrying antimicrobial resistance and proportion of resistant bacteria in animal faeces have little impact on spread of resistance. Therefore effective treatment strategies depend critically on knowledge of gene transfer rates.
Quantum Extension of the Jarzynski Relation

Author(s): Mukamel, Shaul | Abstract: The relation between the distribution of work performed on a classical system by an external force switched on an arbitrary timescale, and the corresponding equilibrium free energy difference, is generalized to quantum systems. Using the adiabatic representation we show that this relation holds for isolated systems as well as for systems coupled to a bath described by a master equation. A close formal analogy is established between the present classical trajectory picture over populations of adiabatic states and phase fluctuations (dephasing) of a quantum coherence in spectral lineshapes, described by the stochastic Liouville equation.
Field theory of avalanche formation

Self-organizing system is studied whose behavior is governed by field of an order parameter, a fluctuation amplitude of conjugate field and a couple of Grassmannian conjugated fields that define the entropy as a control parameter. Within the framework of self-consistent approach the dependencies of macro- and microscopic susceptibilities as well as memory and nonergodicity parameters are determined as a functions of the intensities of thermal and quenched disorders. Making use of the sandpile model shows that proposed scheme determines the conditions of avalanches formation in self-organized criticality phenomena.
Scalar Mediated Fermion Masses for Technicolor

This thesis begins by presenting the general features of technicolor models from a model building perspective. Next, a bosonic technicolor model, based on the Next-to-Minimal Walking Technicolor theory, is reviewed. In this type of model, fermion masses arise from scalar exchange with the techniquark condensate. The model passes flavor changing neutral current limits, direct search limits, and oblique constraints, in the parameter region where the fundamental scalar is heavy compared to the composite one. However, its mass is unnaturally small compared to the Planck scale. Supersymmetry can be used to naturalize fundamental scalars. After discussing general features of supersymmetric models, a supersymmetric bosonic technicolor model, based on the Minimal Walking Technicolor model, is introduced. This model has a special property: in the absence of coupling with the MSSM, the supersymmetric technicolor sector has an approximate N = 4 supersymmetry. We find that this flavor extension drastically changes the condensate and low-energy spectrum compared to the naive Minimal Walking Technicolor effective theory. The model passes flavor changing neutral current limits, and oblique constraints, but in most of the otherwise viable parameter points, the Higgs particle is heavy. Finally, the N = 4 extended MSSM model is presented.
Humans strategically shift decision bias by flexibly adjusting sensory evidence accumulation

Decision bias is traditionally conceptualized as an internal reference against which sensory evidence is compared. Instead, we show that individuals implement decision bias by shifting the rate of sensory evidence accumulation towards a decision bound. Participants performed a target detection task while we recorded EEG. We experimentally manipulated participants’ decision criterion for reporting targets using different stimulus-response reward contingencies, inducing either a liberal or a conservative bias. Drift diffusion modeling revealed that a liberal strategy biased sensory evidence accumulation towards target-present choices. Moreover, a liberal bias resulted in stronger midfrontal pre-stimulus 2-6 Hz (theta) power and suppression of pre-stimulus 8—12 Hz (alpha) power in posterior cortex. The alpha suppression in turn mediated the output activity of visual cortex, as expressed in 59—100 Hz (gamma) power. These findings show that observers can intentionally control cortical excitability to strategically bias evidence accumulation towards the decision bound that maximizes their reward.
Digital convergence: examining the Dissolution of Industrial and technological Boundaries

Digital convergence is frequently discussed in research. The concept of convergence describes how formerly separate areas are increasingly merging. So far, however, we have only a rudimentary understanding of digital convergence for several reasons. First, digital convergence is not clearly conceptualized and used differently across contexts. Second, we have little insight into what is converging and at what pace. We conceptualize digital convergence by arguing that its sociotechnical nature requires jointly considering technical and social aspects. Our analysis of a longitudinal patent data set covering 31 years and 677,045 patents from 124 industries shows that (1) industry boundaries defined by the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) are dissolving as companies interact with technological knowledge outside their industrial boundaries. (2) Specific technology classes defined in the International Patent Classification (IPC) increasingly cite - and converge with - other technology classes. We close by highlighting promising avenues for future research on digital convergence.
TUE MOVE:MENTS OF ATLANTIC SALMON (Salmo salar L.) IN THE ESTUARY OF TUE AßERDEENSIDRE DEE lN RELATION TO ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS: 11.

masses in the estuary (Mann Whitney test; N=27, U=92, P=O.571). 8imilarly for fish delayed for more than 24 hours, a comparison of temperature conditions on the day of tagging with those on the day of river entry, showed no significant differences either with river temperatures (Wilcoxen paired sampie test; N=18, Z=O.632, P=O.582) or with temperature differences between water masses in the estuary (Wilcoxen paired sampie test; N=18, Z=O.849, P=O.396).
Advances In Internal Model Principle Control Theory

In this thesis, two advanced implementations of the internal model principle (IMP) are presented. The first is the identification of exponentially damped sinusoidal (EDS) signals with unknown parameters which are widely used to model audio signals. This application is developed in discrete time as a signal processing problem. An IMP based adaptive algorithm is developed for estimating two EDS parameters, the damping factor and frequency. The stability and convergence of this adaptive algorithm is analyzed based on a discrete time two time scale averaging theory. Simulation results demonstrate the identification performance of the proposed algorithm and verify its stability. The second advanced implementation of the IMP control theory is the rejection of disturbances consisting of both predictable and unpredictable components. An IMP controller is used for rejecting predictable disturbances. But the phase lag introduced by the IMP controller limits the rejection capability of the wideband disturbance controller, which is used for attenuating unpredictable disturbance, such as white noise. A combination of open and closed-loop control strategy is presented. In closed-loop control mode, both controllers are active. Once the tracking error is insignificant, the input to the IMP controller is disconnected while its output control action is maintained. In the open loop control mode, the wideband disturbance controller is made more aggressive for attenuating white noise. Depending on the level of the tracking error, the input to the IMP controller is connected intermittently.
Measurements in the boundary layer on a smooth flat plate in supersonic flow

In Section I available measurements in low-speed turbulent boundary layer flow are compared with a simple analysis based on functional similarity, and the boundary layer is found to be unique within the accuracy of the experimental data. Some consequences of the mean equations of motion are obtained, including the distribution of shearing stress through the boundary layer, and an attempt is made to generalize the relationship known as the law of the wall to flows with variable density. In Section II some problems encountered in the development and use of the floating surface element and other instrumentation are discussed in detail. In Section III are presented measurements of mean and local surface friction carried out on a flat plate model in the 20-inch supersonic wind tunnel at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The boundary layer flow is studied for free stream Mach numbers of 2.0, 2.6, 3.7, and 4.5. The experiments, which involve nominal Reynolds numbers from 2 x 105 to 9 x 106, include a few measurements in laminar flow, but emphasize transition and the turbulent regime. The effectiveness of various tripping devices is mentioned, and the problem of defining an effective Reynolds number for the fully turbulent flow is discussed at length. Finally, turbulent boundary layer profile measurements are examined for consistency with low-speed data, with a generalized mixing length theory, and with the analysis of Section I of the present report.
Vibrational spectroscopy of water at charged liquid/solid interfaces

Summary form only given. Many physical and chemical properties of water/solid oxide interfaces are linked to the isoelectric point of solid surfaces (IEPS). In this paper we have used SFG spectroscopy to monitor the structure of water molecules at water/sapphire interfaces. We have demonstrated that the interfacial water SFG signal intensities depend strongly on the total hydroxyl number density at the interface and showed that the water dipole flips by 180/spl deg/ when the pH of the solution crosses the IEPS of the substrate. The dependence of the SFG signal intensities on total charge density was used to determine the IEPS of non-conductive, low surface area materials.
Diversity of genomic adaptations to post-fire environment in Pezizales fungi points to a crosstalk between charcoal tolerance and sexual development.

Wildfires drastically impact the soil environment altering the soil organic matter, forming pyrolyzed compounds, and markedly reducing the diversity of microorganisms. Pyrophilous fungi, especially the species from Pezizales and Agaricales orders, are fire-responsive fungal colonizers of post-fire soil that have historically been found fruiting on burned soil and thus may encode mechanisms of processing these compounds in their genomes.Pyrophilous fungi are diverse. In this work, we explored this diversity and sequenced six new genomes of Pezizales pyrophilous fungi isolated after the 2013 Rim fire near Yosemite Park in California, United States: Pyronema domesticum, Pyronema omphalodes, Tricharina praecox, Geopyxis carbonaria, Morchella snyderi, and Peziza echinospora.A comparative genomics analysis revealed the enrichment of gene families involved in response to stress and degradation of pyrolyzed organic matter. In addition, we found that both protein sequence lengths and G+C content in the third base of codons (GC3) in pyrophilous fungiare those in mesophilic/non-pyrophilous and thermophilic fungi.A comparative transcriptome analysis of P. domesticum growing on charcoal and during sexual developmental stages identified modules of genes co-expressed in charcoal and light-induced sexual development. In addition, environmental sensors such as transcription factors STE12, LreA, LreB, VosA, and EsdC were up-regulated in charcoal.Taken together, these results highlight genomic adaptations of pyrophilous fungi and indicate a potential connection between charcoal tolerance and fruiting body formation in P. domesticum.
Identification and profiling of Sogatella furcifera microRNAs and their potential roles in regulating the developmental transitions of nymph–adult

Sogatella furcifera is one of the most serious insect pests that affect rice in Asia. One class of small RNAs (sRNAs; ~22 nt long) is miRNAs, which participate in various biological processes by regulating the expression of target genes in a spatiotemporal manner. However, the role of miRNAs in nymph‐to‐adult transition in S. furcifera remains unknown. In this study, we sequenced sRNA libraries of S. furcifera prepared from individuals at three different developmental stages (pre‐moult, moulting and early adult). A total of 253 miRNAs (134 known and 119 novel) were identified, of which 12 were differentially expressed during the nymph‐to‐adult developmental transition. Moreover, Real time quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR) analysis revealed that all 12 miRNAs were differentially expressed among five different nymph tissues and 14 different developmental stages (first to fifth instar nymphs and 1‐day‐old adults). Injection of miR‐2a‐2 mimic/antagomir and miR‐305‐5p‐1 mimic/antagomir into 1‐day‐old fifth instar nymphs significantly increased the mortality rate. In addition, a defective moulting phenotype was observed in nymphs injected with miR‐2a‐2 and miR‐305‐5p‐1, suggesting that these miRNAs are involved in S. furcifera nymph–adult transition. In conclusion, these results reveal the function of critical miRNAs in S. furcifera nymph–adult transition, and also provide novel potential targets of insecticides for the long‐term sustainable management of S. furcifera.
Does a rare mutation in PTPRA contribute to the development of Parkinson’s disease in an Australian multi-incident family?

The genetic study of multi-incident families is a powerful tool to investigate genetic contributions to the development of Parkinson’s disease. In this study, we identified the rare PTPRA p.R223W variant as one of three putative genetic factors potentially contributing to disease in an Australian family with incomplete penetrance. Whole exome sequencing identified these mutations in three affected cousins. The rare PTPRA missense variant was predicted to be damaging and was absent from 3,842 alleles from PD cases. Overexpression of the wild-type RPTPα and R223W mutant in HEK293T cells identified that the R223W mutation did not impair RPTPα expression levels or alter its trafficking to the plasma membrane. The R223W mutation did alter proteolytic processing of RPTPα, resulting in the accumulation of a cleavage product. The mutation also resulted in decreased activation of Src family kinases. The functional consequences of this variant, either alone or in concert with the other identified genetic variants, highlights that even minor changes in normal cellular function may increase the risk of developing PD.
Integrating transcription and splicing into cell fate: Transcription factors on the block

Transcription factors (TFs) are present in all life forms and conserved across great evolutionary distances in eukaryotes. From yeast to complex multicellular organisms, they are pivotal players of cell fate decision by orchestrating gene expression at diverse molecular layers. Notably, TFs fine‐tune gene expression by coordinating RNA fate at both the expression and splicing levels. They regulate alternative splicing, an essential mechanism for cell plasticity, allowing the production of many mRNA and protein isoforms in precise cell and tissue contexts. Despite this apparent role in splicing, how TFs integrate transcription and splicing to ultimately orchestrate diverse cell functions and cell fate decisions remains puzzling. We depict substantial studies in various model organisms underlining the key role of TFs in alternative splicing for promoting tissue‐specific functions and cell fate. Furthermore, we emphasize recent advances describing the molecular link between the transcriptional and splicing activities of TFs. As TFs can bind both DNA and/or RNA to regulate transcription and splicing, we further discuss their flexibility and compatibility for DNA and RNA substrates. Finally, we propose several models integrating transcription and splicing activities of TFs in the coordination and diversification of cell and tissue identities.
Modeling Decoherence and Decoherence-Free Subspaces in Complex Environments

A simplified Bogoliubov transform reduces a fully-interacting many-fermion spin-1/2 system-plus-environment to a more tractable many-to-one variant. The transform additionally yields exact solutions for bosonic multi-particle interactions sans the approximation introduced by using discrete time steps to deal with quantum parallelism. The decohering effect of relatively general finite environments is therewith modeled and compared to the decohering effect of an infinite environmental "bath. " The anti-symmetric singlet state formed by two maximally-entangled two-state particles is shown to be inherently decoherence-free. As a quantum bit ("qubit") it is thus potentially superior to any single-particle state.
CORONAL RAIN IN MAGNETIC ARCADES: REBOUND SHOCKS, LIMIT CYCLES, AND SHEAR FLOWS

We extend our earlier multidimensional, magnetohydrodynamic simulations of coronal rain occurring in magnetic arcades with higher resolution, grid-adaptive computations covering a much longer (>6 hr) time span. We quantify how blob-like condensations forming in situ grow along and across field lines and show that rain showers can occur in limit cycles, here demonstrated for the first time in 2.5D setups. We discuss dynamical, multi-dimensional aspects of the rebound shocks generated by the siphon inflows and quantify the thermodynamics of a prominence–corona transition-region-like structure surrounding the blobs. We point out the correlation between condensation rates and the cross-sectional size of loop systems where catastrophic cooling takes place. We also study the variations of the typical number density, kinetic energy, and temperature while blobs descend, impact, and sink into the transition region. In addition, we explain the mechanisms leading to concurrent upflows while the blobs descend. As a result, there are plenty of shear flows generated with relative velocity difference around 80 km s−1 in our simulations. These shear flows are siphon flows set up by multiple blob dynamics and they in turn affect the deformation of the falling blobs. In particular, we show how shear flows can break apart blobs into smaller fragments, within minutes.
Addressing adolescent substance use with a public health prevention framework: the case for harm reduction

Abstract Adolescence is a developmental stage defined in part by risk-taking. Risk-taking is critical to normal development and has important benefits including trying new activities and exploring new relationships. Risk-taking is also associated with the initiation of substance use. Because substance use often begins in adolescence, much focus has been on primary prevention with the goal of preventing initial substance use. Secondary or tertiary prevention approaches, such as counselling to eliminate substance use or offering treatment, are common approaches for adolescents with problematic substance use or a substance use disorder. While this is important, for some adolescents, treatment or cessation of use may not be desired. In these cases, Healthcare Practitioners (HCPs) can offer clear advice that incorporates harm reduction. Harm reduction, which is often applied for adults who use substances, reduces the negative impacts associated with drug use without requiring abstinence. Harm reduction is crucial to keeping adolescents safe and healthy and can offer opportunities for future engagement in treatment. The objective of this review is to describe strategies for integrating harm reduction principles in clinical settings that are developmentally appropriate. A patient-centered, harm reduction approach can validate perceived benefits of substance use, offer strategies to minimise harm, and advise reduction of use and abstinence. KEY MESSAGES: Substance use often begins in adolescence and traditional approaches are often rooted in prevention framework. Harm reduction should be incorporated for adolescents with problematic substance use or a substance use disorder. This review offers strategies for integration of harm reduction principles tailored towards adolescents.
An Effective Camera-to-Lidar Spatiotemporal Calibration Based on a Simple Calibration Target

In this contribution, we present a simple and intuitive approach for estimating the exterior (geometrical) calibration of a Lidar instrument with respect to a camera as well as their synchronization shifting (temporal calibration) during data acquisition. For the geometrical calibration, the 3D rigid transformation of the camera system was estimated with respect to the Lidar frame on the basis of the establishment of 2D to 3D point correspondences. The 2D points were automatically extracted on images by exploiting an AprilTag fiducial marker, while the detection of the corresponding Lidar points was carried out by estimating the center of a custom-made retroreflective target. Both AprilTag and Lidar reflective targets were attached to a planar board (calibration object) following an easy-to-implement set-up, which yielded high accuracy in the determination of the center of the calibration target. After the geometrical calibration procedure, the temporal calibration was carried out by matching the position of the AprilTag to the corresponding Lidar target (after being projected onto the image frame), during the recording of a steadily moving calibration target. Our calibration framework was given as an open-source software implemented in the ROS platform. We have applied our method to the calibration of a four-camera mobile mapping system (MMS) with respect to an integrated Velodyne Lidar sensor and evaluated it against a state-of-the-art chessboard-based method. Although our method was a single-camera-to-Lidar calibration approach, the consecutive calibration of all four cameras with respect to the Lidar sensor yielded highly accurate results, which were exploited in a multi-camera texturing scheme of city point clouds.