Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Menstrual cycle and oral contraceptives influence cerebrovascular dynamics during hypercapnia

Women experience fluctuating orthostatic intolerance during the menstrual cycle, suggesting sex hormones may influence cerebral blood flow. Young (aged 18–30) healthy women, either taking oral contraceptives (OC; n = 14) or not taking OC (NOC; n = 12), were administered hypercapnic gas (5%) for 5 min in the low hormone (LH; placebo pill) and high hormone (HH; active pill) menstrual phases. Hemodynamic and cerebrovascular variables were continuously measured. Cerebral blood velocity changes were monitored using transcranial doppler ultrasound of the middle cerebral artery to determine cerebrovascular reactivity. Cerebral autoregulation was assessed using steady‐state analysis (static cerebral autoregulation) and transfer function analysis (dynamic cerebral autoregulation; dCA). In response to hypercapnia, menstrual phase did not influence static cardiovascular or cerebrovascular responses (all p > 0.07); however, OC users had a greater increase of mean middle cerebral artery blood velocity compared to NOC (NOC‐LH 12 ± 6 cm/s vs. NOC‐HH 16 ± 9 cm/s; OC‐LH 18 ± 5 cm/s vs. OC‐HH 17 ± 11 cm/s; p = 0.048). In all women, hypercapnia improved high frequency (HF) and very low frequency (VLF) cerebral autoregulation (decreased nGain; p = 0.002 and <0.001, respectively), whereas low frequency (LF) Phase decreased in NOC‐HH (p = 0.001) and OC‐LH (p = 0.004). Therefore, endogenous sex hormones reduce LF dCA during hypercapnia in the HH menstrual phase. In contrast, pharmaceutical sex hormones (OC use) have no acute influence (HH menstrual phase) yet elicit a chronic attenuation of LF dCA (LH menstrual phase) during hypercapnia.
Rhizosheath: An adaptive root trait to improve plant tolerance to phosphorus and water deficits?

Abstract Drought and nutrient limitations adversely affect crop yields, with below‐ground traits enhancing crop production in these resource‐poor environments. This review explores the interacting biological, chemical and physical factors that determine rhizosheath (soil adhering to the root system) development, and its influence on plant water uptake and phosphorus acquisition in dry soils. Identification of quantitative trait loci for rhizosheath development indicate it is genetically determined, but the microbial community also directly (polysaccharide exudation) and indirectly (altered root hair development) affect its extent. Plants with longer and denser root hairs had greater rhizosheath development and increased P uptake efficiency. Moreover, enhanced rhizosheath formation maintains contact at the root‐soil interface thereby assisting water uptake from drying soil, consequently improving plant survival in droughted environments. Nevertheless, it can be difficult to determine if rhizosheath development is a cause or consequence of improved plant adaptation to dry and nutrient‐depleted soils. Does rhizosheath development directly enhance plant water and phosphorus use, or do other tolerance mechanisms allow plants to invest more resources in rhizosheath development? Much more work is required on the interacting genetic, physical, biochemical and microbial mechanisms that determine rhizosheath development, to demonstrate that selection for rhizosheath development is a viable crop improvement strategy.
Fighting the virus is not enough—Pandemics, social justice, and the role of nurses in Switzerland

In Switzerland, as in other highincome countries, Covid19 has had an unprecedented impact on the healthcare workforce in general, and the nursing workforce in particular (Merçay et al., 2021). In addition, the Swiss case demonstrates that not even wealthy countries are immune to the serious threats this pandemic has posed on societal functioning. How “well” Switzerland was prepared for the pandemic and has been coping with this unprecedented situation is still issue of debate. A major challenge consisted not only the intermingling of politics, science, economy, and the power of interest groups, but also the difficulty of making the voices of those groups heard who were particularly vulnerable and disproportionately burdened by the pandemic such as vulnerable patients, children, single parents, or residents of nursing homes as well as healthcare workers and other relevant professional groups (Balthasar et al., 2022). In this commentary, we trace how the public discourse on nursing during the pandemic potentially changed from an initial (over) heroization to a moral and political recognition of the nursing profession's critical role to the health system. In the light of the social inequalities that have been exacerbated during the pandemic, we conclude that further steps must follow in order to deploy the full potential of nursing for social justice and to assure both highquality and equitable nursing care. THE SWISS HE ALTHC ARE SYSTEM DURING THE COVID 19 PANDEMIC
Morphological impact of insulator on inkjet-printed transistor

This study reports on the impact of electrodes (source and drain) and the insulator cross-sectional profile on the electrical behavior of printed organic field effect transistors (OFETs). Varying processing techniques, from classical lithography to inkjet printing, show different cross-sectional profiles. Indeed, due to the coffee stain effect (usually considered a drawback), the inkjet-printed insulator shows a wave-shaped profile although the spin-coated one is perfectly smooth. However, OFET electrical behavior is not drastically impacted by the insulator cross-sectional profile. Moreover, this study clearly demonstrates that independently of the insulator cross-sectional profile, OFETs fabricated with printed electrodes show the worst electrical characteristics. Consequently, this work clearly demonstrates that a challenging issue for the fabrication of efficient fully-printed OFETs relies on drain and source optimization (for instance, morphology or material).
Faecal immunochemical testing (FIT) in patients with signs or symptoms of suspected colorectal cancer (CRC): a joint guideline from the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland (ACPGBI) and the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG)

Faecal immunochemical testing (FIT) has a high sensitivity for the detection of colorectal cancer (CRC). In a symptomatic population FIT may identify those patients who require colorectal investigation with the highest priority. FIT offers considerable advantages over the use of symptoms alone, as an objective measure of risk with a vastly superior positive predictive value for CRC, while conversely identifying a truly low risk cohort of patients. The aim of this guideline was to provide a clear strategy for the use of FIT in the diagnostic pathway of people with signs or symptoms of a suspected diagnosis of CRC. The guideline was jointly developed by the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland/British Society of Gastroenterology, specifically by a 21-member multidisciplinary guideline development group (GDG). A systematic review of 13 535 publications was undertaken to develop 23 evidence and expert opinion-based recommendations for the triage of people with symptoms of a suspected CRC diagnosis in primary care. In order to achieve consensus among a broad group of key stakeholders, we completed an extended Delphi of the GDG, and also 61 other individuals across the UK and Ireland, including by members of the public, charities and primary and secondary care. Seventeen research recommendations were also prioritised to inform clinical management.
Nucleosome assembly and disassembly pathways in vitro

Structural fluctuations of nucleosomes modulate the access to internal DNA in eukaryotic cells; clearly characterisation of this fundamental process is crucial to understanding gene regulation. Here we apply PhAST (Photochemical Analysis of Structural Transitions) to monitor at a base pair level, structural alterations induced all along the DNA upon histone binding or release. By offering the first reliable, detailed comparison of nucleosome assembly and disassembly in vitro, we reveal similarities and differences between the two processes. We identify multiple, sequential intermediate states characterised by specific PhAST signals whose localisation and amplitude reflect asymmetries of DNA/histone interactions with respect to the nucleosome pseudo dyad. These asymmetries involve not only the DNA extremities but also regions close to the pseudo dyad. Localisations of asymmetries develop in a consistent manner during both assembly and disassembly processes; they primarily reflect the DNA sequence effect on the efficiency of DNA-histone binding. More unexpectedly, the amplitude component of PhAST signals not only evolves as a function of intermediate states but does so differently between assembly and disassembly pathways. Our observation of differences between assembly and disassembly opens up new avenues to define the role of the DNA sequence in processes underlying the regulation of gene expression. Overall, we provide new insights into how the intrinsic properties of DNA are integrated into a holistic mechanism that controls chromatin structure.
The Molecular Relationship between Stress and Insomnia

The bi‐directional relationship between sleep and stress has been actively researched as sleep disturbances and stress have become increasingly common in society. Interestingly, the brain and underlying neural circuits important for sleep regulation may respond uniquely to stress that leads to post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and stress that does not. In stress that does not lead to PTSD, the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis (HPA) pathway is activated normally that results in sympathetic nervous system activation that allows the brain and body to return to baseline functioning. However, exposure to stress that leads to PTSD, causes enhanced negative feedback of this same pathway and results in long‐term physiological and psychological changes. In this review, how stress regulates glucocorticoid signaling pathways in brain glial cells called astrocytes, and then mediates stress‐induced insomnia are examined. Astrocytes are critical sleep regulatory cells and their connections to sleep and stress due to disturbed glucocorticoid signaling provide a novel mechanism to explain how stress leads to insomnia. This review will examine the interactions of stress neurobiology, astrocytes, sleep, and glucocorticoid signaling pathways and will examine the how stress that leads to PTSD and stress that does not impacts sleep‐regulatory processes.
TGD AND EEG

The TGD based general view about EEG developed in this book relies on the following general picture. Magnetic body is the key actor in TGD inspired model of EEG and nerve pulse. Magnetic body acts as intentional agent using biological body as motor instrument and sensory receptor. There would be entire hierarchy of magnetic bodies associated with various body parts and characterized by the p-adic length scale and the level of dark matter hierarchy labeled by the value of Planck constant. The hierarchy of counterparts of EEGs associated with photons, Z0 and W bosons, and gluons at various frequency scales involving dark bosons with energies above thermal threshold by the large value of hbar would make possible communication and control. In particular, cyclotron radiation from Bose-Einstein condensates at magnetic body and Josephson radiation from Josephson junctions associated with cell membrane and other bio-electrets would be involved and cyclotron and Josephson frequencies would correspond to EEG frequencies. DNA as topological quantum computer vision suggests a rather detailed view about how genome and cell membrane interact. Nucleotides and lipids would be connected by magnetic flux tubes carrying dark matter with varying values of Planck constant and define braiding affected by the 2-D flow of the lipids in liquid crystal state and giving rise to a topological quantum computation with program modules defined by liquid flow patterns resulting via self organization process in presence of metabolic energy feed. Sensory qualia could be associated with the generalized di-electric breakdowns between sensory organ and its magnetic body. The cyclotron phase transitions of Bose-Einstein condensates of biologically important ions generated by the dark EEG photons at the magnetic body could generate the analogs of somatosensory qualia identifiable as our cognitive and emotional qualia. Long ranged charge entanglement made possible by W MEs (topological light rays) could be essential element of motor control and generate exotic ionization of nuclei (new nuclear physics predicted by TGD) in turn inducing classical electric fields at space-time sheets carrying ordinary matter. These fields generate various responses such as ionic waves and nerve pulses yielding the desired physiological responses. The recent view about cell membrane as almost vacuum extremal of Kahler action explains large parity breaking effects in living matter and also the peak frequencies of photoreceptors in retina. Also a model for the cell membrane as a kind of sensory homunculus with lipids identified as pixels of a sensory map representing basic qualia follows naturally. Furthermore, EEG photons and biophotons can be identified as decay products of same dark photons. The plan of the book is roughly following. The chapter describing the magnetic sensory canvas hypothesis is followed by a model for nerve pulse and by three chapters devoted to EEG.
Adapting a Motivational Interviewing Intervention to Improve HIV Prevention Among Young, Black, Sexual Minority Men in Alabama: Protocol for the Development of the Kings Digital Health Intervention

Background African American or Black young men who have sex with men (BYMSM) are at a disproportionate risk for contracting HIV and have high rates of undiagnosed, and therefore untreated, HIV infection. In the southern United States, BYMSM face region-specific hurdles to HIV prevention, such as limited access to care and high levels of racism and intersectional stigma, necessitating HIV testing and pre-exposure prophylaxis interventions that address sociocultural and structural barriers while motivating BYMSM to engage in prevention. Brothers Saving Brothers (BSB) is a motivational interviewing behavioral intervention that successfully and simultaneously increased community-based HIV testing and prevention counseling and education among BYMSM in the midwestern United States. Objective The aim of this protocol is to detail the process for the adaption of the BSB intervention for midwestern BYMSM to the Kings intervention for southern BYMSM. During the adaptation process, the intervention will be modernized to include rapid HIV testing, as opposed to HIV testing that requires BYMSM to return for test results, pre-exposure prophylaxis, and the provision of structural supports, and for relevance in the southern United States. Methods Aim 1 is to gather qualitative data through focus groups and in-depth interviews with BYMSM aged 18 to 29 years in Alabama and in-depth interviews with prevention and outreach workers who routinely work with BYMSM in Alabama. NVivo qualitative software (QSR International) will be used for the coding and analysis of the transcripts via a thematic analysis approach. For aim 2, intervention mapping will guide the adaptation process, intervention content, components, and design. Both aims 1 and 2 will leverage the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, Sustainment implementation science framework, with emphasis on the exploration and preparation phases of this model. By applying these frameworks, the original midwestern BSB intervention will be scientifically adapted to the southern BYMSM Kings intervention. Results This study is ongoing as of 2022 and is expected to conclude in 2024, with aims 1 and 2 being completed in 2023. Qualitative data will offer insight into the current real-world experiences and preferences of BYMSM in Alabama. Feedback will be collected through the adaptation process to inform intervention refinement. Institutional review board approvals have been received. Conclusions The findings will inform next steps, that is, testing the Kings intervention for feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness in a pilot hybrid type 1 effective-implementation randomized controlled trial. The study results will provide insights about important considerations for HIV prevention among BYMSM in the southern United States. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03680729; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03680729 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/36655
Degendering Resumes for Fair Algorithmic Resume Screening

We investigate whether it is feasible to remove gendered information from resumes to mitigate potential bias in algorithmic resume screening. Using a corpus of 709k resumes from IT ﬁrms, we ﬁrst train a series of models to classify the self-reported gender of the applicant, thereby measuring the extent and nature of gendered information encoded in resumes. We then conduct a series of gender obfuscation experiments, where we iteratively remove gendered information from resumes. Finally, we train a resume screening algorithm, and investigate the trade-off between gender obfuscation and screening algorithm performance. We ﬁnd: (1) There is a signiﬁcant amount of gendered information in resumes. (2) Lexicon-based gender obfuscation method (i.e. removing tokens that are predictive of gender) can reduce the amount of gendered information to a large extent. However, after a certain point, the performance of the resume screening algorithm starts suffering. (3) General-purpose gender debiasing methods for NLP models such as removing gender subspace from embeddings are not effective in obfuscating gender.
How parenthood contributes to gender gaps in academia

Being a parent has long been associated with gender disparities in academia. However, details of the mechanisms by which parenthood and gender influence academic career achievement and progression are not fully understood. Here, using data from a survey of 7,764 academics in North America and publication data from the Web of Science, we analyze gender differences in parenthood and academic achievements and explore the influence of work-family conflict and partner support on these gender gaps. Our results suggest that gender gaps in academic achievement are, in fact, “parenthood gender gaps. ” Specifically, we found significant gender gaps in most of the measures of academic achievement (both objective and subjective) in the parent group but not in the non-parent group. Mothers are more likely than fathers to experience higher levels of work-family conflict and to receive lower levels of partner support, contributing significantly to the gender gaps in academic achievement for the parent group. We also discuss possible interventions and actions for reducing gender gaps in academia.
Regional Challenges and Opportunities for Agricultural Biomass in Nova Scotia

Nova Scotia is currently in the process of developing a biomass energy industry, with a current installed capacity of 105MW, and a further 33.75MW due to come on-line between 2015 and 2018 under the NS Community Feed-in-Tariff (COMFIT) Program across the province. This new demand for resources by the biomass energy sector combined with the needs of existing biomass users which include heat production (residential and commercial), pulp and paper, lumber and wood production, has the potential to compound the existing issues relating to biomass sustainability within the province. This issue is already being demonstrated within the province with the largest biomass energy facility obtaining half of its feedstock from primary forest products, despite initial plans indicating that it would only be using wood waste products. While the use of biomass contributes to the reduction of Greenhouse Gas emissions and contributes to Nova Scotia’s Renewable Energy targets, a detailed understanding of this new industry, how it can move forward and where and how its biomass feedstocks will be obtained and managed needs to be undertaken. This paper looks to identify where these existing and new facilities are going to be located, what challenges they face in relation to feedstock acquisition and how the industry could meet these challenges through the use of agricultural biomass products.
Linear Fuzzy Information-Granule-Based Fuzzy C-Means Algorithm for Clustering Time Series

This article aims to design a trend-oriented-granulation-based fuzzy $C$ -means (FCM) algorithm that can cluster a group of time series at an abstract (granular) level. To achieve a better trend-oriented granulation of a time series, ${l}_{1}$ trend filtering is firstly carried out to result in segments which are then optimized by the proposed segment merging algorithm. By constructing a linear fuzzy information granule (LFIG) on each segment, a granular time series which well reflects the linear trend characteristic of the original time series is produced. With the novel designed distance that can well measure the trend similarity of two LFIGs, the distance between two granular time series is calculated by the modified dynamic time warping (DTW) algorithm. Based on this distance, the LFIG-based FCM algorithm is developed for clustering time series. In this algorithm, cluster prototypes are iteratively updated by the specifically designed granule splitting and merging algorithm, which allows the lengths of prototypes to change in the process of iteration. This overcomes the serious drawback of the existing approaches, where the lengths of prototypes cannot be changed. Experimental studies demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed algorithm in clustering time series with different shapes or trends.
Patient satisfaction with nursing care: A bibliometric and visualization analysis (1950-2021).

AIM The current study aimed to provide an overview of research publications on patient satisfaction with nursing care. BACKGROUND Research activity on patient satisfaction with nursing care is an indicator of the commitment of policymakers to improve the quality of health services. DESIGN This was a descriptive cross-sectional bibliometric study. METHODS The Scopus database was used to retrieve relevant documents for the period from 1950 to 31 December 2021. The keywords 'patient satisfaction' and 'nursing care' were used in the search strategy. Two volunteers validated the search strategy. RESULTS The search strategy found 387 documents authored by 1470 researchers and disseminated through 241 journals. Research on patient satisfaction with nursing care (a) has experienced a steep growth over the last decade; (b) was mainly published by scholars from a limited number of countries; (c) has limited cross-country collaboration and limited author collaboration; (d) has addressed research topics concerning the quality of care, instrument validation, emergency department and hospital care and (e) has shown the highest readability for topics related to nurses' burnout and patient satisfaction. CONCLUSION Researchers and educators, especially in low- and middle-income countries, need to focus on this field to support activities to upgrade health services and patient outcomes.