Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Medical Aspects of Fitness to Drive

Orthopedic surgeons and other stakeholders need better return-to-driving guidelines for post–orthopedic surgery and trauma patients. The state of the current orthopedic research is in need of better methodology, particularly regarding control over the cognitive domain’s influence on the physical domain. Recommendations need to be based on an individual’s assessment of physical performance rather than the passage of time after surgery. This article highlights the areas of concern for driving research in the orthopedic community and how they can affect study design.
An insight into dwarfing mechanism: contribution of scion-rootstock interactions toward fruit crop improvement

Grafting has been commonly practiced for many centuries in the cultivation of horticultural crops. The use of dwarfing rootstocks has enabled a high-density plantation to produce maximum yield. Rootstock regulates scion phenotype, including precocity, fruit size, yield, quality characteristics, and tolerance to various environmental stresses. This review summarizes the existing information on the influence of rootstocks on scion growth and dwarfing mechanisms induced by multiple factors, including hormone signaling, photosynthesis, mineral transport, water relations, anatomical characteristics, and genetic markers. It has been shown that the complex interactions between scion and rootstock can regulate plant development and its structure. This information will provide interesting insights for future research related to rootstock-mediated dwarfing mechanisms and accelerate the breeding progress of dwarfing rootstocks. Citation: Hayat F, Iqbal S, Coulibaly D, Razzaq MK, Nawaz MA, et al. 2021. An insight into dwarfing mechanism: contribution of scion-rootstock interactions toward fruit crop improvement. Fruit Research 1: 3 https://doi.org/10.48130/FruRes-2021-0003
Skin diseases and the care of patients with skin diseases as perceived by nurses

Dermatological patients are a distinctive group of patients who experience social stigmatisation, exclusion, and a significant decrease in the quality of life. In the healthcare delivery setting, medical staff (especially nurses) are expected to ensure patients with skin diseases' comfort and bio-psycho-social well-being. Undoubtedly, the realisation of this goal is facilitated by the staff's dermatological knowledge of the causes of the disease and its impact on the patient and their quality of life. The study was based on the opinions of nurses not working in dermatology departments, focusing on their perception of patients with skin problems and selected issues related to their quality of life.
Study on Victims of Child Abuse: A Study Conducted in Two Teaching Hospitals in Sri Lanka

Introduction: Child abuse is a global public health problem and proper intervention strategies need a greater understanding of risk factors that can contribute to it. This study was conducted in order to identify the undetected contributory factors that lead to child abuse cases. Methodology: All children (less than 18 years of age) who were brought for medico legal examination with alleged abuse to two reputed teaching hospitals during a period of 1 and ½ years were included. Required details were obtained through an interviewer administered questionnaire after obtaining the consent. Results: Out of the 186 children, more than 80% presented following sexual abuse and the majority (n=173) were females. Further, n=118 (75%) of the victims of child sexual abuse were between the age group of 13 to 15 years. Moreover, 75% of the victims of sexual abuse were from low income families. Parents of 100% of the victims of physical abuse and 60% of the victims of sexual abuse had educational qualifications below ordinary level. 82% of the victims of physical abuse were having dysfunctional family background, specially use of ethanol by parents (65%). Parental separation was the form of family dysfunction that was associated with sexual abuse. Conclusion: Poor income, poor parental education and dysfunctional family background could be identified as predisposing factors for child abuse. However, the association of these factors vary with different types of child abuse, thus preventive strategies should be planned accordingly.
A new method to enhance frequency operation of CMOS ring oscillators

This article proposes a frequency-boosting method for CMOS ring oscillators. It consists of adding RC-based differentiators in delay cells to speed up their transient responses. Two novel delay cells for simple and differential versions are presented. On using MOS transistor components to implement the differentiators, the resulting increase of surface area is observed to be moderate, and this allows frequency tuning by voltage control, without inducing additional phase noise. The presented circuits are suitable for low-voltage operation. Simulation results on the proposed circuits have shown significant frequency enhancement with a competitive factor of merit.
Rapid AC Electrokinetic Micromixer with Electrically Conductive Sidewalls

We report a quasi T-channel electrokinetics-based micromixer with electrically conductive sidewalls, where the electric field is in the transverse direction of the flow and parallel to the conductivity gradient at the interface between two fluids to be mixed. Mixing results are first compared with another widely studied micromixer configuration, where electrodes are located at the inlet and outlet of the channel with electric field parallel to bulk flow direction but orthogonal to the conductivity gradient at the interface between the two fluids to be mixed. Faster mixing is achieved in the micromixer with conductive sidewalls. Effects of Re numbers, applied AC voltage and frequency, and conductivity ratio of the two fluids to be mixed on mixing results were investigated. The results reveal that the mixing length becomes shorter with low Re number and mixing with increased voltage and decreased frequency. Higher conductivity ratio leads to stronger mixing result. It was also found that, under low conductivity ratio, compared with the case where electrodes are located at the end of the channel, the conductive sidewalls can generate fast mixing at much lower voltage, higher frequency, and lower conductivity ratio. The study of this micromixer could broaden our understanding of electrokinetic phenomena and provide new tools for sample preparation in applications such as organ-on-a-chip where fast mixing is required.
Urbanization Aggravates Effects of Global Warming on Local Atmospheric Drying

Urbanization permanently alters land surface hydrological and thermal properties, which, in turn, causes changes in land surface energy and water balances (Bonan et al., 2011). The ‘Urban Heat Island’ (UHI) effect, which refers to the fact that cities have a higher 2-m air temperature than surrounding rural areas (Akbari et al., 1992; Georgescu et al., 2013; Oke, 1973), exemplifies how land cover change can dramatically alter near-ground air temperature. UHI effects have been well-documented in China (Li et al., 2014, 2016; Zhou et al., 2004; Zhou, Li, et al., 2016; Zhou, Zhao, et al., 2016; ) and elsewhere (Mora et al., 2017; Zhao et al., 2014). Similarly, urbanization is known to elevate storm runoff and flood risks (Boggs & Sun, 2011) due to increases in land imperviousness and reduction in latent heat and evapotranspiration (ET) (Hao et al., 2015; Li, Sun, Caldwell, 2020; Li, Sun, Cohen, 2020; Sun & Lockaby, 2012).
Eimeria maxima Rhomboid-like Protein 5 Provided Partial Protection against Homologous Challenge in Forms of Recombinant Protein and DNA Plasmid in Chickens

Eimeria maxima (E. maxima) is one of the most prevalent species that causes chicken coccidiosis on chicken farms. During apicomplexan protozoa invasion, rhomboid-like proteins (ROMs) cleave microneme proteins (MICs), allowing the parasites to fully enter the host cells, which suggests that ROMs have the potential to be candidate antigens for the development of subunit or DNA vaccines against coccidiosis. In this study, a recombinant protein of E. maxima ROM5 (rEmROM5) was expressed and purified and was used as a subunit vaccine. The eukaryotic expression plasmid of pVAX–EmROM5 was constructed and was used as a DNA vaccine. Chickens who were two weeks old were vaccinated with the rEmROM5 and pVAX–EmROM5 vaccines twice, with a one-week interval separating the vaccination periods. The transcription and expression of pVAX–EmROM5 in the injected sites were detected through reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blot (WB) assays. The cellular and humoral immune responses that were induced by EmROM5 were determined by detecting the proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, the cytokine levels, and the serum antibody levels. Finally, vaccination-challenge trials were conducted to evaluate the protective efficacy of EmROM5 in forms of the recombinant protein (rEmROM5) and in the DNA plasmid (pVAX–EmROM5) separately. The results showed that rEmROM5 was about 53.64 kDa, which was well purified and recognized by the His-Tag Mouse Monoclonal antibody and the chicken serum against E. maxima separately. After vaccination, pVAX–EmROM5 was successfully transcribed and expressed in the injected sites of the chickens. Vaccination with rEmROM5 or pVAX–EmROM5 significantly promoted the proportion of CD4+/CD3+ and CD8+/CD3+ T lymphocytes, the mRNA levels of the cytokines IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-17, TNF SF15, and IL-10, and specific IgG antibody levels compared to the control groups. The immunization also significantly reduced the weight loss, oocyst production, and intestinal lesions that are caused by E. maxima infection. The anticoccidial index (ACI)s of the vaccinated groups were beyond 160, showing moderate protection against E. maxima infection. In summary, EmROM5 was able to induce a robust immune response and effective protection against E. maxima in chickens in the form of both a recombinant protein and DNA plasmid. Hence, EmROM5 could be used as a candidate antigen for DNA vaccines and subunit vaccines against avian coccidiosis.
Hydrogen effects on reliability of GaAs MMICs

Investigations into unexplained RF gain changes versus time during life tests have lead to the conclusion that hydrogen gas in quantities as small as 0.5% of ambient atmosphere can cause significant performance degradation in as little as 168 h at elevated temperatures (125 degrees C). This amount of hydrogen has been readily observed in Kovar hermetic packages with 0.1 cm/sup 3/ internal volume. The apparent mechanism for this degradation is the conversion of gaseous hydrogen into atomic hydrogen in Pt metallization, with subsequent doping compensation due to the atomic hydrogen. The loss of electron carriers leads directly to lower transconductance and lower RF gain. A change in the Schottky diode characteristics is also noted. <<ETX>>
Virtual Validation of an Automated Lane-Keeping System with an Extended Operational Design Domain

Virtual testing using simulation will play a significant role in future safety validation procedures for automated driving systems, as it provides the needed scalability for executing a scenario-based assessment approach. This article combines multiple essential aspects that are necessary for the virtual validation of such systems. First, a general framework that contains the vital subsystems needed for virtual validation is introduced. Secondly, the interfaces between the subsystems are explored. Additionally, the concept of model fidelities is presented and extended towards all relevant subsystems. For an automated lane-keeping system with two different definitions of an operational design domain, all relevant subsystems are defined and integrated into an overall simulation framework. The resulting difference between both operational design domains is the occurrence of lateral manoeuvres, leading to greater demands of the fidelity of the vehicle dynamics model. The simulation results support the initial assumption that by extending the operation domain, the requirements for all subsystems are subject to adaption. As an essential aspect of harmonising virtual validation frameworks, the article identifies four separate layers and their corresponding parameters. In particular, the tool-specific co-simulation capability layer is critical, as it enables model exchange through consistently defined interfaces and reduces the integration effort. The introduction of this layered architecture for virtual validation frameworks enables further cross-domain collaboration.
Statistical engine misfire detection

Abstract New recursive filtering algorithms for misfire detection based on the trigonometric interpolation method are proposed for spark ignition automotive engines. The technique improves the performance of the filtering algorithms, allowing a flexible choice of the size of the moving window. Correction algorithms are introduced for the recursive trigonometric interpolation method that ensure robustness with respect to round-off errors which are present in the finite precision implementation environment. New real-time statistical algorithms based on a hypothesis testing for a misfire detection are proposed. The statistical decision-making mechanism makes it possible to achieve misfire detection at a certain significance level with an automatically selected sample size depending on the signal quality, which in turn improves the robustness of the misfire detection algorithm. This work was done within the Volvo Six Sigma program.
Deep Learning-Based Glaucoma Detection With Cropped Optic Cup and Disc and Blood Vessel Segmentation

Glaucoma is an irreversible neurodegenerative disease, where intraocular hypertension is developed due to the increased aqueous humor and blockage of the drainage system between the iris and cornea. As a result, the optic nerve head, which sends visual stimulus from our eyes to the brain, is damaged, causing visual field loss and ultimately blindness. Glaucoma is considered as the sneak thief of vision because it is difficult to diagnose early, and its regular screening is highly recommended to distinguish the neurological disorder. The detection of glaucoma is costly and time-consuming and not only there always remains a good possibility of human error but also this detection method is dependent upon the availability of the resources (experienced ophthalmologists and expensive instruments). In this work, an automatic glaucoma classification technique has been developed by utilizing multiple deep learning approaches. First, a new private dataset of 634 color fundus images has been collected and annotated by two eye specialists, a pediatric ophthalmologist and a glaucoma and refractive surgeon, from Bangladesh Eye Hospital, Bangladesh. Next, various deep learning models (EfficientNet, MobileNet, DenseNet, and GoogLeNet) have been used to detect glaucoma from fundus images. The model with EfficientNet-b3 architecture achieved the best results with test accuracy, F1-score, and ROC AUC of 0.9652, 0.9512, and 0.9574, respectively, for the cropped optic cup and disc fundus photographs. We also constructed a new dataset by segmenting the blood vessels from retinal fundus images employing a U-net model trained on High-Resolution Fundus Image Database. The MobileNet v3 model trained on this dataset achieved a satisfactory test accuracy of 0.8348 and an F1-score of 0.7957. This impressive result suggests that blood vessel segmentation of fundus images can be utilized as an alternative to detect glaucoma automatically.
Water pipe renewal using a multiobjective optimization approach

Water utilities ensure the delivery of water to consumers through a pressured network composed of several hydraulic components: reservoirs, pipes, valves, and pumps. A right maintenance policy that takes into consideration both technical and economic factors must be applied to enhance the hydraulic performance and reliability of the water network. With the help of a multiobjective approach based on a Pareto ranking and a modified genetic algorithm, we propose a decision support model that ensures the scheduling of pipe renewal according to available financial resources. The model is based on forecasting pipe failures and evaluating future maintenance costs. Two indexes are used to measure the hydraulic deficiency in the water network after a failure occurrence. They measure the undelivered water quantity and the number of unsupplied nodes when a considered pipe is unavailable during the peak demand period. Both indices permit classification of pipes and help identify critical ones. Feasible solutions are .
MEMS for wireless communications: ‘from RF-MEMS components to RF-MEMS-SiP’

Wireless communication has led to an explosive growth of emerging consumer and military applications of radio frequency (RF), microwave and millimeter wave circuits and systems. Future personal (hand-held) and ground communications systems as well as communications satellites necessitate the use of highly integrated RF front-ends, featuring small size, low weight, high performance and low cost. Continuing chip scaling has contributed to the extent that off-chip, bulky passive RF components, such as high-Q inductors, ceramic and SAW filters, varactor diodes and discrete PIN diode switches, have become limiting. Micro-machining or MEMS technology is now rapidly emerging as an enabling technology to yield a new generation of high-performance RF-MEMS passives to replace these off-chip passives in wireless communication (sub)systems. This paper reviews the progress in RF-MEMS from a device and integration perspective. The worldwide state-of-the-art of RF-MEMS devices including switches, variable capacitors, resonators and filters are described. Next, it is stipulated how integration of RF-MEMS passives with other passives (as inductors, LC filters, SAW devices, couplers and power dividers) and, active circuitry (ASICs, RFICs) can lead to the so-called RF-MEMS system-in-a-package (RF-MEMS-SiP) modules. The evolution of the RF-MEMS-SiP technology is illustrated using IMEC's microwave multi-layer thin-film MCM-D technology which today already serves as a technology platform for RF-SiP.
The effects of vitrification on oocyte quality

Abstract Vitrification, is an ultra-rapid, manual cooling process that produces glass-like (ice crystal-free) solidification. Water is prevented from forming intercellular and intracellular ice crystals during cooling as a result of oocyte dehydration and the use of highly concentrated cryoprotectant. Though oocytes can be cryopreserved without ice crystal formation through vitrification, it is still not clear whether the process of vitrification causes any negative impact (temperature change/chilling effect, osmotic stress, cryoprotectant toxicity, and/or phase transitions) on oocyte quality, which translates to diminished embryo developmental potential or subsequent clinical outcomes. In this review, we attempt to assess the technique's potential effects and the consequence of these effects on outcomes. Summary Sentence: The osmolarity changes and water movement during oocyte vitrification and warming procedures are illustrated. Graphical Abstract
DETERMINE RECOMMENDATION SYSTEMS TO SEARCH FOR BOOKS BY PREFERENCES OF WEB USERS

Currently, the question of state, formation and development of the information source interaction system, the scientific interaction and users' requestsin certain fields of activity remains relevant under the conditions of the development of the use of Internet services. Recommendation systems are oneof the types of artificial intelligence technologies for predicting parameters and capabilities.Due to the rapid increase in data on the Internet, it is becoming more difficult to find something really useful. And the recommendations offered by theservice itself may not always correspond to the user's preferences. The relevance of the topic is to develop a personal recommendation system forsearching books, which will not only reduce time and amount of unnecessary information, but also meet the user's preferences based on the analysis oftheir assessments and be able to provide the necessary information at the right time. All this makes resources based on referral mechanisms attractiveto the user. Such a system of recommendations will be of interest to producers and sellers of books, because it is an opportunity to provide personalrecommendations to customers according to their preferences.The paper considers algorithms for providing recommender systems (collaborative and content filtering systems) and their disadvantages.Combinations of these algorithms using a hybrid algorithm are also described. It is proposed to use a method that combines several hybrids in onesystem and consists of two elements: switching and feature strengthening. This made it possible to avoid problems arising from the use of each of thealgorithms separately.A literature web application was developed using Python using the Django and Bootstrap frameworks, as well as SQLite databases, and a system ofrecommendations was implemented to provide the most accurate suggestion. During the testing of the developed software, the work of the literatureservice was checked, which calculates personal recommendations for users using the method of hybrid filtering. The recommendation system wastested successfully and showed high efficiency.
Robust Hybrid Beam-Forming for Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access in Massive MIMO Downlink

This paper presents hybrid precoding for a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) transmission scheme in a millimeter wave (mmWave) massive MIMO (mMIMO) downlink. In hybrid precoding, the analog precoder is obtained by the orthogonalization of the users’ channel vectors to minimize inter-beam interference. The digital precoder consists of a zero-forcing precoder to minimize inter-user interference. In order to break the barrier of one user per beam, we utilize the NOMA within the beam for power domain multiplexing among users. Simulation results show the proposed scheme’s efficacy compared to the state-of-the-art schemes and provide 1.48 times better sum-rate performance at 10 dB received SNR.
Fabrication of silicon carriers with TSV electrical interconnections and embedded thermal solutions for high power 3-D package

This paper presents micro fabrication process and wafer level integration of a silicon carrier, in which optimized liquid cooling layers are embedded. Two or more carriers can then be stacked together with a silicon interposer in between to make up of a stacked cooling module for high power heat dissipation. Wafer bonding are carried out with AuSn-solder which deposited by evaporation and the shear strength is higher than 27.2 MPa after bonding, which is high enough for application. The advantage of this 3-D stacking method is that it provides a method of simultaneous realizing electrical interconnection and fluidic path between two carriers and it can extract heat from the constraints of 3-D silicon module chips to surface without external liquid circulation.
Grey’s Anatomy: Gender Differences in Specialty Choice for Medical Students in China

Gender differences in sub-major choices within the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields have scarcely been discussed. This study uses administrative records from a top medical school in China to examine gender differences in medical students’ specialty choices. Results showed that, although the gender gap in choosing a clinical track shrinks over time, female students in the clinical track are far less likely to choose highly paid surgical specialties, and this gap persists over time. However, female students outperformed male students in all of the courses. Thus, academic performance cannot explain the underrepresentation of female students in surgery. We further collected questions such as “Why don’t female students choose surgical specialties” and answers to them in “Chinese Quora”, Zhihu.com. A preliminary text analysis showed that ultra-physical load, discrimination in recruitment, women-unfriendly work climates, and difficulties in taking care of family are barriers that prevent women from choosing surgery.