Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Self-Assessment in the Development of Mathematical Problem-Solving Skills

Self-assessment, in the education framework, is a methodology that motivates students to play an active role in reviewing their performance. It is defined as “the evaluation or judgment of ‘the worth’ of one’s performance and the identification of one’s strengths and weaknesses with a view to improving one’s learning outcomes”. The goal of this research is to study the relationship between self-assessment and the development and improvement of problem-solving skills in Mathematics. In particular, the investigation focuses on how accurate the students’ self-evaluations are when compared to external ones, and if (and how) the accuracy in self-assessment changed among the various processes involved in the problem-solving activity. Participants are grade 11 students (in all 182 participants) in school year 2020/2021 who were asked to solve 8 real-world mathematical problems using an Advanced Computing Environment (ACE). Each problem was assessed by a tutor and self-assessed by students themselves, according to a shared rubric with five indicators: Comprehension of the problematic situation, identification of the solving strategy, development of the solving process, argumentation of the chosen strategy, and appropriate and effective use of the ACE. Through a quantitative analysis, students’ self-assessment and tutors’ assessment were compared; data were cross-checked with students’ answers to a questionnaire. The results show a general correlation between tutor assessment and self-assessment, with a tendency of students to underestimate their performance. Moreover, students were more precise in self-assessing in the indicators: Development of the solving process and use of the ACE, while they had major difficulties in self-assessment for the indicators: Comprehension of the problematic situation and argumentation.
The Hyaloperanospora arabidopsidis effector HaRxL77 is hypermobile between cells and manipulates host defence

Multicellular organisms require dynamic communication between cells, tissues and organs to integrate responses to external and internal signals. In plants, cell-to-cell communication relies in part on plasmodesmata, which connect adjacent cells and allow the exchange of signals and resources. Upon infection by pathogens, plants act to isolate infected cells from non-infected cells by closing plasmodesmata but pathogens can suppress this defence and maintain plasmodesmata in an open state. To address the question of what a pathogen might gain from keeping plasmodesmata open, we screened effectors from the biotrophic Arabidopsis pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa) for the ability to move cell-to-cell via plasmodesmata in plant tissues. We quantified the mobility of cytoplasmic effectors and identified six that were hypermobile, i.e., can move further than expected for a protein of that size. Of these, HaRxL77 indirectly modifies plasmodesmatal permeability to facilitate hypermobility and suppresses the flg22-induced ROS burst, suggesting that cell-to-cell mobility of effectors allows defence manipulation ahead of the infection front. Thus, this study provides novel insights into how Hpa exploits plasmodesmata-mediated intercellular connectivity to promote infection, characterising a poorly explored element of plant-pathogen interaction. Author Summary During infection, pathogens secrete effectors into host cells to manipulate them for their benefit. Plant cells are connected via plasmodesmata, and pathogen effectors can use these connections to reach uninfected cells. We asked what a pathogen might gain by having effectors that can travel between cells and thus screened Arabidopsis downy mildew effectors for this capability. We found downy mildew produces many cell-to-cell mobile effectors, and that some of these can move further than we might expect. One ‘hypermobile’ effector, HaRxL77, can open plasmodesmata to allow this increased mobility, although how it does this is not clear. HaRxL77 interferes with several host defence mechanisms, suggesting that cell- to-cell mobility allows effectors to perturb host defence ahead of the infection front.
Effect of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid and Sodium Fluorescein on the Extent of Resection in High-Grade Gliomas and Brain Metastasis

Simple Summary Complete surgical removal of high-grade gliomas (HGG) is known to increase the overall survival and progression-free survival. Several studies have shown that fluorescence-guided surgery with 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) increases gross total resection considerably compared to white light surgery (65% vs. 36%). Recently, an off-label fluorophore, sodium fluorescein (SF), has become popular in fluorescence-guided surgery due to numerous utility benefits compared to 5-ALA, including lower cost, non-toxicity, easy administration during surgery and a wide indication for other CNS tumors. However, the level of evidence is inferior compared to 5-ALA. We reviewed the latest literature on fluorescence-guided surgery with 5-ALA and SF for brain tumors with emphasis on fluorescence-guided surgery in HGG and brain metastases. Further, we assessed the advantages and disadvantages of both fluorophores and discussed their future perspectives. Abstract Surgery is essential in the treatment of high-grade gliomas (HGG) and gross total resection (GTR) is known to increase the overall survival and progression-free survival. Several studies have shown that fluorescence-guided surgery with 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) increases GTR considerably compared to white light surgery (65% vs. 36%). In recent years, sodium fluorescein (SF) has become an increasingly popular agent for fluorescence-guided surgery due to numerous utility benefits compared to 5-ALA, including lower cost, non-toxicity, easy administration during surgery and a wide indication range covering all contrast-enhancing lesions with disruption of the blood–brain barrier in the CNS. However, currently, SF is an off-label agent and the level of evidence for use in HGG surgery is inferior compared to 5-ALA. Here, we give an update and review the latest literature on fluorescence-guided surgery with 5-ALA and SF for brain tumors with emphasis on fluorescence-guided surgery in HGG and brain metastases. Further, we assess the advantages and disadvantages of both fluorophores and discuss their future perspectives.
Link Budget Analysis for GNSS-R Sea Surface Return in Arbitrary Acquisition Geometries Using BA-PTSM

In this article, we present a link budget analysis for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals scattered off the sea surface in arbitrary acquisition geometries. The aim of our study is to investigate the reliability of the Geometrical Optics (GO) scattering model, which accurately describes sea surface scattering at and near the specular reflection direction, in properly modeling the sea surface return in far-from-specular acquisition geometries, which are of interest for maritime surveillance purposes and where GO is expected to fail. To this end, we adopted the recent Bistatic Anisotropic Polarimetric Two-Scale Model (BA-PTSM), which revealed good agreement with advanced scattering models, such as the second-order Small Slope Approximation (SSA2), regardless of the acquisition geometry, with the advantage of a reduced computational complexity. Numerical results have been derived for both circular polarization channels and for both spaceborne and airborne GNSS-Reflectometry (GNSS-R). It has been shown that, as long as conventional GNSS-R processing is assumed, GO can be safely adopted for simulation and analysis of spaceborne GNSS-R data regardless of the acquisition geometry and sea state, whereas more accurate scattering models, e.g., BA-PTSM, should be used for airborne receivers in far-from-specular configurations.
Automated black‐box testing of nominal and error scenarios in RESTful APIs

RESTful APIs (or REST APIs for short) represent a mainstream approach to design and develop web APIs using the REpresentational State Transfer architectural style. Black‐box testing, which assumes only the access to the system under test with a specific interface, is the only viable option when white‐box testing is impracticable. This is the case for REST APIs: their source code is usually not (or just partially) available, or a white‐box analysis across many dynamically allocated distributed components (typical of a micro‐services architecture) is computationally challenging. This paper presents RestTestGen, a novel black‐box approach to automatically generate test cases for REST APIs, based on their interface definition (an OpenAPI specification). Input values and requests are generated for each operation of the API under test with the twofold objective of testing nominal execution scenarios and error scenarios. Two distinct oracles are deployed to detect when test cases reveal implementation defects. While this approach is mainly targeting the research community, it is also of interest to developers because, as a black‐box approach, it is universally applicable across different programming languages, or in the case external (compiled only) libraries are used in a REST API. The validation of our approach has been performed on more than 100 of real‐world REST APIs, highlighting the effectiveness of the approach in revealing actual faults in already deployed services.
Student Confidence, Success, and Retention: The Impact of Military Experience on the College Lives of Korean Males

This qualitative study was designed to investigate the experiences of Korean male college students within the context of higher education and the military. Twenty Korean male undergraduate students, recently discharged from compulsory military service, participated in this study. The data for the study were collected through semi-structured interviews, each lasting approximately 70-90 minutes. Data analysis was based on Charmaz’s constructivist grounded theory. Findings indicate that these students are more academically motivated as compared to their own freshman year. During their term of military service, they have experienced goal commitment, leadership, and diverse relationships. Upon returning to school, they exhibited a developed set of strengths including a sense of confidence, perseverance, and courage. This attributes significantly contributed to their academic motivation and potentially to their success on campus. For Korean males, it was a challenge to complete their military duty; however, this unique experience gave them strength and helped them to establish their own academic and social lives. This study suggests that specific college experiences that serve to enhance students’ self-confidence should be continuously offered to encourage academic motivation in students. Furthermore, this study is significant in that it recognizes successful academic transitions made by Korean male students and documents the potential educational implications of mandatory military experiences.
The Systemic Approach to Information Protection in Relation to Risk in an Integrated Information Security System

This paper presents an approach to the risk of information security. By taking into consideration how critical it is for a system, each category of information should be associated with a correspondent level of security risk and each level of security risk must be defined by appropriate measures to control the risks for information security. Equally important is how many levels of security risk are defined for information, or how they are classified. It is critical, however, that the model adopted reflects all the objectives that the system requires.
Analysis of a driven pile by ANSYS

The interaction of soil and pile is analyzed by ANSYS;and the state of stress and strain in the soil after the pile was driven in is simulated.By combining the contact analysis with birth-death element of ANSYS,and proposed the soil material comply with the Drucker-Prager criterion,the circulation command is used to analyze complicated soil stress state.These results are verified by limit equilibrium method and theory of expansion of a cavity.
Power, authority and expertise: policy making about relationships and sex education in English primary schools

ABSTRACT This paper analyses the experiences of English primary school leaders who perform critical roles in interpreting government policy and navigating the landscape to design relationship and sex education (RSE) for their pupils. It considers schools as sites of political contestation and educators as policy actors, the voices of whom are often absent in the literature about RSE. Drawing on Peter Morriss’ theory of power, the paper considers how primary school decision makers utilise their epistemic abilities to advance their policy preferences and how structures of authority and legitimacy energize and constrain them in their policy-making work. The findings suggest a paradox in power: while the national government has delegated decision-making about RSE to individual schools, it has simultaneously failed to uniformly equip schools to make appropriate policies about RSE and enabled parents to deny schools’ credibility and authority as leaders in RSE.
CÁC YẾU TỐ ẢNH HƯỞNG ĐẾN Ý ĐỊNH THỰC HIỆN CHUYỂN ĐỔI SỐ TRONG CÁC DOANH NGHIỆP NHỎ VÀ VỪA TRÊN ĐỊA BÀN THÀNH PHỐ HÀ NỘI

Chuyển đổi số trong kỷ nguyên công nghiệp 4.0 sẽ cải thiện khả năng cạnh tranh của các doanh nghiệp nói chung và các doanh nghiệp nhỏ và vừa nói riêng, đồng thời thúc đẩy khả năng của họ để đưa ra quyết định tối ưu cho doanh nghiệp của mình. Vì vậy, nếu doanh nghiệp không nghĩ đến việc chuyển đổi của mô hình kinh doanh của mình theo hướng số hóa, họ sẽ bị các đối thủ vượt mặt và giảm khả năng cạnh tranh. Tuy nhiên, thực tế hiện nay các doanh nghiệp nhỏ và vừa ở Hà Nội vẫn đang gặp không ít khó khăn trong quá trình chuyển đổi số. Vậy những yếu tố nào ảnh hưởng đến ý định thực hiện chuyển đổi số của doanh nghiệp nhỏ và vừa? Nghiên cứu này sử dụng phương pháp phân tích hồi quy dựa trên số liệu được khảo sát từ thông tin của 97 doanh nghiệp nhỏ và vừa ở Hà Nội nhằm xác định các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến ý định thực hiện chuyển đổi số của các doanh nghiệp nhỏ và vừa. Kết quả nghiên cứu chỉ ra rằng các yếu tố: Mục tiêu của doanh nghiệp; Chiến lược chuyển đổi số của doanh nghiệp; Cơ sở hạ tầng công nghệ; Năng lực tài chính của doanh nghiệp; Trình độ sử dụng công nghệ có ảnh hưởng đến ý định thực hiện chuyển đổi số trong các doanh nghiệp nhỏ và vừa trên địa bàn nghiên cứu với mức độ ảnh hưởng lần lượt là 0,832; 0,349; 0,130; 0,112; 0,100. Từ kết quả nghiên cứu, doanh nghiệp có thể xây dựng cho mình một lộ trình chuyển đổi số phù hợp nhằm nâng cao hiệu quả sản xuất kinh doanh của doanh nghiệp.
Contractile apparatus in CNS capillary pericytes

Abstract. Significance: Whether or not capillary pericytes contribute to blood flow regulation in the brain and retina has long been debated. This was partly caused by failure of detecting the contractile protein α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in capillary pericytes. Aim: The aim of this review is to summarize recent developments in detecting α-SMA and contractility in capillary pericytes and the relevant literature on the biology of actin filaments. Results: Evidence suggests that for visualization of the small amounts of α-SMA in downstream mid-capillary pericytes, actin depolymerization must be prevented during tissue processing. Actin filaments turnover is mainly based on de/re-polymerization rather than transcription of the monomeric form, hence, small amounts of α-SMA mRNA may evade detection by transcriptomic studies. Similarly, transgenic mice expressing fluorescent reporters under the α-SMA promoter may yield low fluorescence due to limited transcriptional activity in mid-capillary pericytes. Recent studies show that pericytes including mid-capillary ones express several actin isoforms and myosin heavy chain type 11, the partner of α-SMA in mediating contraction. Emerging evidence also suggests that actin polymerization in pericytes may have a role in regulating the tone of downstream capillaries. Conclusions: With guidance of actin biology, innovative labeling and imaging techniques can reveal the molecular machinery of contraction in pericytes.
Network Growth and Consolidation: The Effects of Cohesion and Diversity on the Biotechnology Industry Network

The growth regimes of complex networks account for many of their structural features and behavioral effects. Social and economic networks, however, tend to expand along different pathways than their technological or biological counterparts. Complex inter-organizational topologies are characterized by tight-knit clusters of prominent nodes whose dense inter-connections help forge them into an elite that can play gatekeeper and arbiter roles in an expanding network. The characteristics of such emergent elites, however, depend intimately upon the structural locations of the partners that form new ties. Systems where cores deepen their internal connections conserve their position, but may calcify. Those that expand their reach by forming connections to newcomers and to the network’s periphery increase responsiveness at the possible cost of incoherence. We draw on twelve years of dynamic network data from the international biotechnology industry to demonstrate that a mix of expansive and conserving ties account for that industry’s particular combination of stability and responsiveness. This structural view of network growth offers new insights into the distinctive features of social and economic networks, while linking models of network dynamics to debates in organizational theory and innovation studies.
SCOPE OF CRIME AND VANDALISM ON URBAN TRANSIT SYSTEMS

This paper reports on an attempt to quantify the extent and seriousness of crime and vandalism on urban transit systems. Although many imprecisions in the recording of criminal incidents and the computing of vandalism costs impose limitations on the data, the authors believe that the findings constitute a significant first step toward knowledge of the incidence of transit crime and the monetary costs of transit vandalism. On the basis of data obtained from 37 U.S. transit systems, the total number of criminal incidents on all systems in 1971 is estimated at approximately 33,000 to 39,000. No functional relationships were found between various factors such as total crime indexes and total crime per 100,000 vehicle-miles or 100,000 revenue-passengers. A computed transit exposure index led to the tentative conclusion that the risk of being involved in a criminal incident could be at least twice as great when riding on urban transit vehicles as in nontransit circumstances. If this conclusion is sound, the problem of crime on transit systems may be proportionately more serious than has been generally credited. The total national transit vandalism costs for 1971 are estimated at $7.7 million. Direct transit vandalism costs on the average amounted to less than 0.5 percent of operating costs in 1971, but the problem assumes greater dimensions when indirect costs are also considered. Window breakage was the largest component, followed by damage to seats, damage to stationary facilities, and graffiti. National transit system costs of liability claims resulting from incidents of crime and vandalism in 1971 are estimated at $1.85 million to $2.33 million.
An Exact Solution to the Modified Winding Function for Eccentric Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines

The Winding Function Approach has been used since 1965 to describe the inductance behavior of small air-gap electrical machines, and several works have contributed to its formulation in the presence of mechanical faults, such as eccentricity, leading to the Modified Winding Function Approach (MWFA). In order to use the MWFA, an integral over a full rotation period needs to be computed. Nevertheless, this typically requires the performance of numerical integration, and thus it is affected by integration error, requires relatively high computational effort and, at the same time, it does not easily allow for performance of the analysis of the inductance harmonics. In this work, an exact analytical solution to the MWFA equation is provided in a form that allows to highlight the harmonic content of the inductances. After a thorough mathematical derivation of the solution, a numerical investigation is proposed for verification purposes.
Non-intrusive adaptive load identification based on Siamese network

The traditional non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) algorithms are mostly based on classification models, which have several deficiencies. Firstly, a large amount of labeled data is required to train the classification model. Secondly, these algorithms cannot identify unknown devices that frequently encountered in practical application. Finally, these models have poor performance in versatility which means they only adapt to the trained data. These shortcomings greatly influence the practicality of these NILM algorithms. To tackle these problems, this paper has proposed a non-intrusive adaptive load identification model based on the Siamese network, which uses both the V-I trajectory and active power as the load signatures. The Siamese network is utilized to calculate the similarity of the V-I trajectory, and the load identification is realized by matching the signature with the feature library. Through adding new features to the feature library dynamically, the identification of unknown load can be realized. In addition, the Siamese network is a typical network for few-shot learning, thus the proposed model can be trained with a small number of samples to achieve ideal recognition effect. At last, the validity and versatility of the model are verified in PLAID dataset and COOLL dataset.
Destination-Aware Focused Beam Routing (D-FBR): A routing protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks

Delay Tolerant Networks enable data transmission in different applications, mainly in environments where communication infrastructure is missing. The existence of links is casual and even when links are created, they are short in time and unstable/unreliable in terms of connectivity. Thus, underwater network applications tend to be delay tolerant. In this paper, we propose a mobility-aware routing protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks. The protocol is based on Focused Beam Routing (FBR) protocol and considers nodes’ next destination location when making forwarding decisions. The routing protocol is called Destination-aware Focused Beam Routing (D-FBR) protocol and we compare its performance with FBR protocol for different FBR angles and different applications. We use Delivery Probability (DP), Average Number of Hops (ANH), Overhead Ratio (OR) and simulate our scenarios by The ONE simulator. Simulation results show that, for D-FBR protocol, when FBR angle is 30 ∘ , OR and ANH is improved by 34.5 % and 23.1 %, respectively, while DP is 6.5 % lower, compared to FBR protocol. Both D-FBR and FBR outperform Epidemic Routing Protocol.