Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Basic Epidemiology of Fractures of the Upper and Lower Limb among Americans over 65 Years of Age

&NA; Current knowledge regarding the basic epidemiology of fractures is largely limited to a few fracture sites, notably those of the hip and distal forearm. To clarify the patterns of incidence of limb fractures in the elderly, we used data from a 5% sample of the U.S. Medicare population over age 65 years during the years 1986‐1990. We identified incident fractures of the proximal humerus, other parts of the humerus, proximal radius/ulna, shaft of the radius/ulna, distal radius/ulna, pelvis, hip, other parts of the femur, patella, ankle, and other parts of the tibia/fibula from diagnoses and procedures coded on claims for inpatient services, outpatient facility use, and physician services. We used Poisson regression to investigate the relation between demographic factors and fracture risk at these sites. Fractures at the hip were the most common, accounting for 38% of the fractures identified. The proximal humerus, distal radius/ulna, and ankle also were common fracture sites. A pattern of rapidly rising rates with age was seen for fractures of the pelvis, hip, and other parts of the femur among women. Fractures distal to the elbow or knee, however, had, at most, modest increases in incidence with age over 65 years. For each of the fractures studied, women had higher rates than men of the same race, and whites generally had higher rates than blacks of the same gender. Gender‐related differences in risk were larger among whites than among blacks, and racial differences in risk were more marked among women than among men. (Epidemiology 1996;7:612‐618)
Stratigraphy, Depositional Environments, and Coalbed Methane Potential of Pennsylvanian Coals — Bourbon Arch Region, Eastern Kansas: Abstract

Abstract The Middle and Upper Pennsylvanian series in eastern Kansas includes thin coal beds (typically less than 0.7 m) within siliciclastic and carbonate successions. Across the study area, coal rank ranges from high-volatile A to B bituminous. Coalbed methane has become an active play due to contributing factors such as sufficient depth and overburden, overlying seals of thick shale, the probability of encountering multiple coal beds in a single well, and excellent pipeline infrastructure. A better understanding of coalbed methane potential requires identification of thick (>0.5 m), gas-rich coal beds in proximity to existing pipelines. Coal-forming depositional environments were interpreted by integrating core descriptions with well logs to construct cross sections, and structure and isopach maps. Coal samples from cores and cuttings were analyzed for methane content and desorption rates, ash and sulfur contents, and other coal properties. Preliminary analysis of numerous coals shows gas contents ranging from 50 to 175 scf/ton between coals and across the Bourbon Arch region. Coal qualities also vary, on a moisture-free basis, from 6% to 50% ash and 2% to 5% sulfur. Coal-bearing successions were interpreted within a sequence-stratigraphic framework to develop a better understanding of the lateral variability of coal thickness, quality, and gas content. Possible modern analogues of peat-forming settings for Pennsylvanian coals in eastern Kansas may include fluvial or estuarine floodplains, deltaic interdistributaries, coastal strandplains, marshes, and back-barrier marine raised platforms and lowlands. The improved geologic understanding of Pennsylvanian coals should aid in coalbed methane exploration and development in eastern Kansas.
Impact of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Cognitive Function

INTRODUCTION : Diabetes Mellitus is a complex metabolic disease which has emerged as a pandemic worldwide. Type2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes. The deleterious effects of type2 diabetes on renal, retinal, cardiovascular and peripheral nervous system are well known and widely acknowledged. Cognitive dysfunction is a less known and less addressed complication of type2 diabetes. AIM : The aim of the study is to assess the cognitive status in type2 diabetics and nondiabetics and also to evaluate the correlation of age, sex, duration of diabetes and HbA1c on cognitive function. MATERIALS AND METHODS : Hundred type2 diabetic and 100 apparently healthy age, sex, BMI and education matched non-diabetics in the age group of 40-60 years were included in the study. Detailed history and thorough clinical examination was done. Blood investigation was done under aseptic precautions. Cognitive status was assessed using Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE). Statistical analysis was done using Student’s ‘t’ test and Fisher’s chi-square test. A p value < 0.05 was considered significant. Correlation coefficient was calculated using Excel software. RESULTS : About 93% had mild cognitive impairment and 7% had moderate cognitive impairment in type2 diabetics. Mean MMSE score was significantly decreased in type 2 diabetics (23.04±1.5) with p value of < 0.0001 when compared to non-diabetics (29.01±0.51). There existed a significant negative correlation between HbA1c and MMSE score. There was also a significant association of the mean MMSE score with diabetic duration and glycemic control. CONCLUSION : The current study implies that cognitive dysfunction was significantly related with type2 DM and also there was a strong correlation between cognitive decline and diabetic duration as well as glycemic control. Routine assessment of diabetic complications should also include evaluation of the cognition status so that type2 diabetic people can lead an independent and competent life.
Soil physical property response to prescribed fire in two young longleaf pine stands on the Western Gulf Coastal Plain

Prescribed fire every 2 to 4 years is an important component of longleaf pine ecosystem restoration. Under some circumstances, repeated fire could change soil physical properties on the Western Gulf Coastal Plain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the soil bulk density, porosity fractions, and plant-available water holding capacity of restored longleaf pine on the Western Gulf Coastal Plain in response to two vegetation management alternatives that included the application of three prescribed fires over a 6-year period. Soil microporosity and plant-available water holding capacity were influenced by both vegetation management alternatives indicating that a reduction in the perturbation of soil by roots may be a mechanism of soil physical property change. Apparent soil texture effects on plant-available water holding capacity suggest that further research is needed to determine if repeated prescribed fire exacerbates the naturally low plant-available water holding capacity of some soils on the Western Gulf Coastal Plain.
Enabling self-service data provisioning through semantic enrichment of data

Enterprises use a wide range of heterogeneous information systems in their business activities such as Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Customer Relationships Management (CRM) and Supply Chain Management (SCM) systems. In addition to the large amounts of heterogeneous data produced by those systems, external data is an important resource that can be leveraged to enable taking quick and rational business decisions. Classic Business Intelligence (BI) and even the newer Agile Visualization tools focus much of their selling features on attractive and unique visualizations. Preparing data for those visualizations still remains the far most challenging task in most BI projects large and small. Self-service data provisioning aims at tackling this problem by providing intuitive datasets discovery, data acquisition and integration techniques to the end user. The goal of this thesis is to provide a framework that enables self-service data provisioning in the enterprise. This framework empowers business users to search, inspect and reuse data through semantically enriched datasets profiles. Publicly available datasets contain knowledge from various domains such as encyclopedic, government, geographic, entertainment and so on. The increasing diversity of these datasets makes it difficult to annotate them with a fixed number of predefined tags. Moreover, manually entered tags are subjective and may not capture their essence and breadth. We propose a mechanism to automatically attach meta information to data objects by leveraging knowledge bases like DBpedia and Freebase which facilitates data search and acquisition for business users. In many knowledge bases, data entities are described with numerous properties. However, not all properties have the same importance. Some properties are considered as keys for performing instance matching tasks while other properties are generally chosen for quickly providing a summary of the key facts attached to an entity. Business users may want to enrich their reports with these data entities. To facilitate this, we propose a mechanism to select what properties should be used when augmenting extra columns into an existing dataset or annotating instances with semantic tags. Linked Open Data (LOD) has emerged as one of the largest collections of interlinked datasets on the web. In order to benefit from this mine of data, one needs to access to descriptive information about each dataset (or metadata). This metadata enables dataset discovery, understanding, integration and maintenance. Data portals, which are datasets’ access points, offer metadata represented in different and heterogeneous models. We first propose a harmonized dataset model based on a systematic literature survey that enables complete metadata coverage to enable data discovery, exploration and reuse by business users. Second, rich metadata information is
ESTIMATIVA DA EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO SOBRE A BACIA DO PRATA UTILIZANDO CLIMATOLOGIA DO IAF

Resumo Este trabalho teve por objetivo gerar uma mapa da evapotranspiracao anual na area delimitada pela Bacia do Prata atraves do metodo de Penman-Monteith, escrito de forma que a vegetacao seja representada pelo indice de area foliar (IAF). Este indice foi obtido atraves de dados de sensoriamento remoto, utilizando uma climatologia correspondente ao periodo de 1987 a 2007, estimada pelo sensor AVHRR. Os forcantes atmosfericos sao obtidos do South American Land Data Assimilation System (SALDAS), e referem-se ao ano de 2000. Os resultados demonstram que o metodo aqui utilizado tem superestimado a evapotranspiracao media anual sobre a Bacia do Prata, enquanto sua representacao espacial esta de acordo com demais estimativas.
Molecular Phylogenetics of the Buteonine Birds of Prey (Accipitridae)

Abstract Phylogenetic relationships among birds of prey in the subfamily Buteoninae are not fully established but are of particular interest because the Buteoninae constitute one of the largest accipitrid subgroups and include multiple species of conservation concern. Genera previously included within the Buteoninae are Buteo, Leucopternis, Buteogallus, Harpyhaliaetus, Busarellus, Parabuteo, Geranoaetus, Geranospiza, Ictinia, Rostrhamus, Kaupifalco, and Butastur. We analyzed representatives from all buteonine genera and most non-Buteo (i.e., "sub-buteo") species with >3,000 bases of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA and found non-monophyly for the nominal genera Buteo, Buteogallus, and Leucopternis. The Old World Lizard Buzzard (Kaupifalco monogrammicus) is not closely related to buteonine taxa but is sister to goshawks in the genera Melierax, Micronisus, and Urotriorchis. Another Old World genus, Butastur, is sister to the clade including all other buteonine genera mentioned above. Investigation of several "superspecies" complexes within the genus Leucopternis revealed non-monophyly for the four subspecies of White Hawk (L. albicollis). On the basis of mitochondrial data, L. a. albicollis forms a clade with L. polionotus, whereas L. a. costaricensis, L. a. ghiesbreghti, and L. a. williaminae form a clade with L. occidentalis. Among taxa included as outgroups, we found two species in the genus Circus to be clearly nested within a clade of Accipiter spp.
Online navigation of mobile robot under the existence of dynamically moving multiple obstacles

Proposes an online navigation method of mobile robots for collision avoidance with dynamically moving obstacles, where the multiple obstacles always change their velocities. For more applications of mobile robots in the real world, the robots are expected to work well in everyday space where people are walking around. The robot must reach the desired point even in a dynamic environment where many people (obstacles) are moving. In such a situation where the environmental objects are dynamically changing their position, it is not realistic to have all information of the dynamical environment such as trajectory of a human being's motion. To cope with the situation, the robots usually have a sensor system to obtain real time environmental information, and robots should have an ability of sensor-based online motion planning for the dynamical environment. The paper considers the online motion planning problem where the workspace has multiple moving obstacles. The proposed motion planner basically uses an idea of velocity obstacle. After discussing some problems when applying the idea of velocity obstacle to online motion planning problem for dynamical environment, a modified method using the idea is presented. The main point of the modification is for coping with velocity changes of moving obstacles during the sensor cycle. The paper also discusses the efficiency of the resultant trajectory produced by the motion planner. Some simulations of online motion planning problems where multiple obstacles are changing their velocities are shown.
Assessment the present status of fish diversity in relation to physicochemical characteristics of Nanaksagar reservoir of Uttrakhand

The present study was conducted to assess the limnological characteristics and ichthyofaunal diversity in Nanaksagar reservoir, located in Tarai region of Uttarakhand. Along with water quality parameters and fish communities was done in Nanaksagar reservoir. Monthly samplings were conducted at three selected sites during August 2016 to March 2017. A total number of 30 species of fishes were recorded during the study period. The fish data is subjected to species diversity analysis. As per values of Shannon (2.118 – 2.612) and Simpson diversity (0.822 – 0.8954) indices fish community of the reservoir is diverse. The range of Margalef and Menhinick species richness indices (3.253 – 3.782 and 0.9183 – 1.065, respectively) indicates moderate fish species richness. The evenness index was maximum (0.5453) in month of March, 2017 showing maximum dominance of different species. The average fish production of Nanaksagar reservoir during investigation period was calculated as 45.07 kg/ha. Fish production was found to be positively correlated with total alkalinity (0.92), DO (r=0.84), pH (r=0.79), transparency (r=0.47) and specific conductivity (r=0.18).
Prevention of Pancreatic Cancer

Based on a protease-activation signal in E.Coli SOS response we have attempted to search for human SOS response, particularly signals which protect stability of genetic information (Fig.1B) by estimation of plasminogen activator-like protease (PA) activity in peripheral bloodderived lymphocytes and cultured human RSa cells with hyper-mutability and their variant hypo-mutable cells (Fig.1C) (Suzuki et al., 2005). Levels of PA activity in lymphocytes are changed after X-ray irradiation for breast examination and after exposure in vitro to chemical such as bisphenol A (Takahashi et al., 2000). The activity in variant cells was found to be associated with heat shock protein (HSP) 27 expression, resulting in enhancement of error-free DNA repair function (Wano et al., 2004). A HSP27-bound protein, annexin II, was also suggested to play some roles on the error-free function in human cell nuclei (Tong et al., 2008 and Jin et al., 2009). We recently developed a method to analyze base substitution mutation of the K-ras codon 12 and found that a decreased mutation frequency accompanied increased GRP78 expression in human RSa cells (Hirano et al., 2008 and Zhai et al., 2005). The repair function seems to suppress base substitution mutation of K-ras codon 12. The base substitution mutation was also found to be regulated by extracellular factors, human interferon and serum factors from cancer patients and stressors-exposed persons (Suzuki et al., 2005, Hirano et al., 2008 and Chi et al., 2007). This regulation seems to be mediated by PA activation and the following chaperones expression (Suzuki et al., 2005, Isogai et al., 1994, Takahashi et al., 2003 and Kita et al., 2009). Thus, studies on molecular mechanisms to supervise cellular mutability, including frequency of Ras gene mutation, are important for discussion about relationships with a network of proteases and chaperones and/or cytokines.
Development of a global dataset of Wetland Area and Dynamics for
Methane Modeling (WAD2M)

Abstract. Seasonal and interannual variations in global wetland area is a strong driver of fluctuations in global methane (CH4) emissions. Current maps of global wetland extent vary with wetland definition, causing substantial disagreement and large uncertainty in estimates of wetland methane emissions. To reconcile these differences for large-scale wetland CH4 modeling, we developed a global Wetland Area and Dynamics for Methane Modeling (WAD2M) dataset at ~25 km resolution at equator (0.25 arc-degree) at monthly time-step for 2000–2018. WAD2M combines a time series of surface inundation based on active and passive microwave remote sensing at coarse resolution (~25 km) with six static datasets that discriminate inland waters, agriculture, shoreline, and non-inundated wetlands. We exclude all permanent water bodies (e.g. lakes, ponds, rivers, and reservoirs), coastal wetlands (e.g., mangroves and sea grasses), and rice paddies to only represent spatiotemporal patterns of inundated and non-inundated vegetated wetlands. Globally, WAD2M estimates the long-term maximum wetland area at 13.0 million km2 (Mkm2), which can be separated into three categories: mean annual minimum of inundated and non-inundated wetlands at 3.5 Mkm2, seasonally inundated wetlands at 4.0 Mkm2 (mean annual maximum minus mean annual minimum), and intermittently inundated wetlands at 5.5 Mkm2 (long-term maximum minus mean annual maximum). WAD2M has good spatial agreements with independent wetland inventories for major wetland complexes, i.e., the Amazon Lowland Basin and West Siberian Lowlands, with high Cohen's kappa coefficient of 0.54 and 0.70 respectively among multiple wetlands products. By evaluating the temporal variation of WAD2M against modeled prognostic inundation (i.e., TOPMODEL) and satellite observations of inundation and soil moisture, we show that it adequately represents interannual variation as well as the effect of El Niño-Southern Oscillation on global wetland extent. This wetland extent dataset will improve estimates of wetland CH4 fluxes for global-scale land surface modeling. The dataset can be found at http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3998454 (Zhang et al., 2020).
Scanning Electron Microscopical Studies on Schistosoma mansoni cercariae Exposed to Ultraviolet Irradiation

2 Abstract: In t he p resent work, scanning el ectron microscopical studies on Schistosoma mansoni cercariae exp osed to ultraviolet irrad iation (U V-irradiation) were done t o answer the q uestion: Is the damage inflicted seen on the adult schistosome worms d eveloped from irradiated cercariae, d ue to direct effect of UV-irradiation on cercariae or due to the host's immunogenicity induced by UV- irradiated cer cariae? The present observations showed that there we re n o cha nges on the surface topography o f S. m ansoni cercariae exposed to UV-irradiation. Thus we can suggest that the changes seen in t he adult worm d eveloped f rom UV-irradiated cer cariae may be due to t he immune r esponses of the host induced by attenuated cercariae; or it may be due to the mutagenic effects of the UV- radiation which appeared in the adult stages. Detailed discussion on the scope of the recent knowledge about the immunological aspects due to i rradiated cercariae was presented.
The effects of pressure and porosity on the micromechanics of the brittle‐ductile transition in quartzite

Room temperature experiments on a quartzite with 7% porosity show that with increasing pressure there is a transition from brittle faulting to ductile cataclastic flow at about 600 MPa. In contrast, experiments on nonporous quartzite show only faulting up to 1000 MPa. The transition to cataclastic flow in the porous quartzite is due to the changing influence of the pores. Microstructural observations and elastic theory suggest that the transition occurs at the pressure where the differential stress producing a compressive stress concentration sufficient to initiate pore collapse becomes less than that producing a tensile stress concentration sufficient to nucleate axial microcracks at the tops and bottoms of pores. Cataclastic flow of the porous quartzite is only transient. Deformation remains distributed and accompanied by work hardening only as long as pore collapse continues (to ∼16% strain); at higher strains, microcracking produces a net dilatancy, which causes strain weakening that leads to faulting (at ∼26% strain). At a confining pressure of 750 MPa the faults are stable, whereas at 1000 MPa they are unstable. The results indicate that porous rocks may undergo limited ductile deformation at shallow levels in the crust, but higher strains will cause deformation to localize.
Trends of Permanent Wetland Change in Detailed Area Plan of Dhaka

Degradation of wetland creates adverse impact on natural environment, ecosystem and on drainage congestion. The situation is more alarming in case of urban areas especially for detailed area plan (DAP) of Dhaka Considering the issues, the study has taken the initiative to rapid asses the Rate of Reduction of Wetland around DAP. Available satellite images from archive have been used to compare the areal extent and statistics of degradation of wetlands. Satellite images of 1967, 1977, 1989, 1999, 2009 and 2010 have been used for preparing permanent wetland maps. For permanent wetlands, images have been selected dated between January to March as permanent wetlands can only be identified in dry season. For finding the trend of changes of permanent wetland, images from Landsat2 MSS, Landsat4 TM, Landsat5 TM (all of 80 m resolution) and Corona Space photo Sensor (12 m resolution) have been acquired. From image, wetland is delineated by unsupervised classification method to get the real situation of DAP. The study shows that due to the unplanned rapid urbanization and increased population, permanent wetland is degrading. Study reveals that Permanent wetland has been reduced from 14% to 4% during 1967 to 2010.