Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Protection & Privacy Embedding Blockchain Established Fraud Detection

Businesses may use Internet Banking as a means of moving forward with the help of a network of organized bank branches. Clients of financial institutions may access their properties from any of the branch or operational environments over the internet. Authenticity is the key issue with online banking. Internet databases have been hacked to the point that it is impossible to trust on the security of their data. Phishing is a kind of online fact falsification in which the fraudster intends to get sensitive information from the victim, such as their electronic wallet passwords and credit card numbers. It is a criminal hobby to employ social creating planning methods, thus it is important to note this. In order to validate a user before providing them access to protected websites, secret words are frequently utilized. Since it is so simple, there are a lot of people using mystery keys to validate their entries. Passwords from comparable consumers are likely to be the same or almost same, even if they join unique information on a single site or throughout a variety of requests. Employing our framework, various cryptographic natives, such as encryption and pixel distinguishing evidence, could be used to carry out various client verification conspiracies, which needed each character to be informed and skilled in using possible client verification instruments. If the sum and check of money are converted from the supply to the purpose, the unique identification of each coin is also swapped in order to trace its circulation. To put it simply, the suggested framework states that for every dollar our customers give up, an engaging ID may be generated. Individual customers' use of usernames and passwords has skyrocketed as online banking and commercial business models based on the internet have grown exponentially. These are also known as text-based passwords since they combine the terms “username” with “password. ” As a result, it is imperative that you keep track of your password, which might be a difficult undertaking. If you are having trouble remembering your login credentials, consider using a photo as a password. Therefore, a great deal of scholars have advocated for the use of a visual password rather than a text password. Computers, ATMs, mobile phones, and other electronic devices may all benefit from the usage of pictorial passwords. Using round tolerance in the graphical password, I created the Cued Click Factor (CCF). As a result, it has been shown that the CCP with circular tolerance is superior than the CCP with square tolerance.
Automated Dimension Estimation of Steel Pipes Stacked at Construction Sites Using Euclidean Distances Calculated by Overlapping Segmentation

Pipes are construction materials for water and sewage, air conditioning, firefighting, and gas facilities at construction sites. The quantification and identification of pipes stacked at construction sites are indispensable and, thus, are directly related to efficient process management. In this study, an automated CNN-based technique for estimating the diameter and thickness of the pipe in an image is proposed. The proposed method infers the thickness of the pipe through the difference by segmentation, by overlapping the inside and outside circles for a single pipe. When multiple pipes are included in the image, the inside and outside circles for the identical pipe are matched through the spatial Euclidean distance. The CNN models are trained using pipe images of various sizes to segment the pipe circles. An error of less than 7.8% for the outer diameter and 15% for the thickness is verified through execution with a series of 50 testing pipe images.
Finite-Time Asynchronous Event-Triggered Formation of UAVs with Semi-Markov-Type Topologies

In this paper, the finite-time formation problem of UAVs is investigated with consideration of semi-Markov-type switching topologies. More precisely, finite-time passivity performance is adopted to overcome the dynamical effect of disturbances. Furthermore, an asynchronous event-triggered communication scheme is proposed for more efficient information exchanges. The mode-dependent formation controllers are designed in terms of the Lyapunov–Krasovskii method, such that the configuration formation can be accomplished. Finally, simulation results are given to demonstrate the validity of the proposed formation approach.
static converter of electric energy for modulating electric power industry EXCHANGED between at least one voltage source and a current source

The invention relates to a static converter of electrical energy for modulating the electric power exchanged between at least two power sources, comprising at least one electrical voltage source, a current source, and at least one switching cell electrical, each switching cell comprising at least two static switches switching (k1) star-connected to the (or the) source (s) voltage, with the common point of the star connected to the current source and said current source being closed on the (or the) source (s) voltage. According to the invention, at least one of the static switches (k1) of at least one switching unit is a switch provided with two output electrodes at least one of changes of state (providing switching at the opening or closing) is automatic and takes place exclusively at a predefined voltage threshold of zero during the growth of the absolute value of said voltage.
Back Interface Passivation for Efficient Low-Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells and Photodetectors

Low-bandgap (Eg~1.25 eV) mixed tin-lead (Sn-Pb) perovskites are promising candidates for efficient solar cells and self-powered photodetectors; however, they suffer from huge amounts of defects due to the unintentional p-type self-doping. In this work, the synergistic effects of maltol and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) were achieved to improve the performance of low-bandgap perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and unbiased perovskite photodetectors (PPDs) by passivating the defects and tuning charge transfer dynamics. Maltol eliminated the Sn-related traps in perovskite films through a strong metal chelating effect, whereas PCBM elevated the built-in electric potential and thus improved voltage through the spike energy alignment. Combining both advantages of maltol and PCBM, high-quality perovskite films were obtained, enabling low-bandgap PSCs with the best efficiency of 20.62%. Moreover, the optimized PSCs were further applied as self-powered PPDs in a visible light communication system with a response time of 0.736 μs, presenting a satisfactory audio transmission capability.
Systematic Analysis of NB-ARC Gene Family in Rice and Functional Characterization of GNP12

The NB-ARC (nucleotide-binding adaptor shared by APAF-1, R proteins, and CED-4) gene family plays a critical role in plant development. However, our understanding of the mechanisms of how NB-ARC genes regulate plant development in the plant panicle is still limited. Here, we subjected 258 NB-ARC genes in rice to genome-wide analysis to characterize their structure, function, and expression patterns. The NB-ARC genes were classified into three major groups, and group II included nine subgroups. Evolutionary analysis of NB-ARC genes in a dicotyledon plant (Arabidopsis thaliana) and two monocotyledonous plants (Oryza sativa L. and Triticum aestivum) indicated that homologous genome segments were conserved in monocotyledons and subjected to weak positive selective pressure during evolution. Dispersed and proximal replication events were detected. Expression analysis showed expression of most NB-ARC genes in roots, panicles, and leaves, and regulation at the panicle development stage in rice Ce253. The GNP12 gene encodes RGH1A protein, which regulates rice yield according to panicle length, grain number of panicle, and grain length, with eight major haplotypes. Most members of NB-ARC protein family are predicted to contain P-loop conserved domains and localize on the membrane. The results of this study will provide insight into the characteristics and evolution of NB-ARC family and suggest that GNP12 positively regulates panicle development.
Morphometric Features and Microanatomy of the Lingual Filiform Papillae in the Wistar Rat

Simple Summary The tongue plays an important role in all animals but especially in mammals. It participates in food and water intake, as well as in some behavioral activities such as grooming. Its structure differs depending on the species. We aimed to provide a detailed macroscopic and microscopic description of the filiform papillae on the surface of rat tongue. We examined fragments on three regions of the tongue (tip, body, root) and observed an intensely keratinized epithelium on the whole surface of the tongue, with higher keratinization on the filiform papillae. We also identified differences in the density of the papillae dependent on the region examined, with the highest density being present on the back of the tongue. Additionally, we noted differences in the height of the filiform papillae, with the shortest being on the tip of the tongue and the tallest on the middle of the tongue. The unusual posteroanterior inclination of the filiform papillae from the tongue protuberance suggests they may play some other obscure roles compared to anteroposteriorly oriented filiform papillae. The study of macro and microanatomy in mammals is important since it helps in the assessment and understanding of anatomical and behavioral features of species. Abstract The mammalian tongue plays a fundamental role in various physiological and behavioral activities. Significant morphological variations have been recorded in the tongue of several species. This study aims to obtain detailed histological and morphometric information about the filiform papillae on the surface of rat tongue. The tongues of five 10-month-old Wistar rats were utilized, which were later examined with a stereo-microscope. Fragments from the three regions of the tongue were collected for histological investigations. The tongue of the Wistar rat has an intensely keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, with the highest degree of keratinized epithelium covering the filiform papillae. The filiform papillae differ in density, with the highest density recorded on the posterior part of the lingual body and the lowest density on the protuberance. The shortest filiform papillae were observed on the apex of the tongue and the tallest on the anterior part of the lingual body. Interestingly, the orientation of the filiform papillae on the lingual protuberance was inclined posteroanteriorly, in the opposite way as compared to the papillae from all the other regions of the tongue. Histologically, a difference was recorded in the structure of the covering epithelium of the anterior vs. the posterior face of the filiform papillae.
Comparative Catalytic Performance Study of 12-Tungstophosphoric Heteropoly Acid Supported on Mesoporous Supports for Biodiesel Production from Unrefined Green Seed Canola Oil

In this study, three solid acid catalysts, namely mesoporous aluminophosphate-supported 12-tungstophosphoric heteropoly acid (HPW/MAP), mesoporous aluminosilicate-supported 12-tungstophosphoric heteropoly acid (HPW/MAS), and gamma alumina-supported 12-tungstophosphoric heteropoly acid (HPW/γ-Al2O3) were prepared and characterized. Mesoporous aluminophosphate (MAP) and mesoporous aluminosilicate (MAS) were synthesized via sol-gel and hydrothermal methods, respectively, and 25 wt. % of 12-tungstophosphoric heteropoly acid (HPW) was immobilized on the support materials using the wet impregnation method. The features of the fabricated catalysts were comprehensively investigated using various techniques such as BET, XRD, NH3-TPD, TGA, and TEM. The surface area of the supported catalysts decreased after HPW impregnation according to BET results, which indicates that HPW loaded on the supports and inside of their pores successfully. The density and strengths of the acid sites of the support materials and the catalysts before reaction and after regeneration were determined by the NH3-TPD technique. Accordingly, an increase in acidity was observed after HPW immobilization on all the support materials. The catalytic performance of the catalysts was studied through alcoholysis reaction using unrefined green seed canola oil as the feedstock. The maximum biodiesel yield of 82.3% was obtained using 3 wt. % of HPW/MAS, with a methanol to oil molar ratio of 20:1, at 200 °C and 4 MPa over 7 h. The reusability study of HPW/MAS showed that it can maintain 80% of its initial activity after five runs.
Effects of Sarcolemmal Background Ca2+ Entry and Sarcoplasmic Ca2+ Leak Currents on Electrophysiology and Ca2+ Transients in Human Ventricular Cardiomyocytes: A Computational Comparison

The intricate regulation of the compartmental Ca2+ concentrations in cardiomyocytes is critical for electrophysiology, excitation-contraction coupling, and other signaling pathways. Research into the complex signaling pathways is motivated by cardiac pathologies including arrhythmia and maladaptive myocyte remodeling, which result from Ca2+ dysregulation. Of interest to this investigation are two types of Ca2+ currents in cardiomyocytes: 1) background Ca2+ entry, i.e., Ca2+ transport across the sarcolemma from the extracellular space into the cytosol, and 2) Ca2+ leak from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) across the SR membrane into the cytosol. Candidates for the ion channels underlying background Ca2+ entry and SR Ca2+ leak channels include members of the mechano-modulated transient receptor potential (TRP) family. We used a mathematical model of a human ventricular myocyte to analyze the individual contributions of background Ca2+ entry and SR Ca2+ leak to the modulation of Ca2+ transients and SR Ca2+ load at rest and during action potentials. Background Ca2+ entry exhibited a positive relationship with both [Ca2+]i and [Ca2+]SR. Modulating SR Ca2+ leak had opposite effects of background Ca2+ entry. Effects of SR Ca2+ leak on Ca2+ were particularly pronounced at lower pacing frequency. In contrast to the pronounced effects of background and leak Ca2+ currents on Ca2+ concentrations, the effects on cellular electrophysiology were marginal. Our studies provide quantitative insights into the differential modulation of compartmental Ca2+ concentrations by the background and leak Ca2+ currents. Furthermore, our studies support the hypothesis that TRP channels play a role in strain-modulation of cardiac contractility. In summary, our investigations shed light on the physiological effects of the background and leak Ca2+ currents and their contribution to the development of disease caused by Ca2+ dysregulation.
Effect of Flossing Bands on Pain and Perceived Level of Function in Collegiate Baseball Pitchers

Background: Tissue flossing bands are a relatively new treatment modality that have increased in popularity in recent years. There is evidence suggesting that tissue flossing could decrease pain and increase joint range of motion, but there is still a need for further studies in this matter. Thus, this study aimed to assess the effect of a single tissue flossing treatment on the perceived pain and upper extremity function among healthy collegiate baseball pitchers. Methods: Twenty apparently healthy collegiate baseball pitchers (age: 21 ± 2.49) participated in this study. Tissue flossing treatment was performed from the wrist to the elbow on the participant’s throwing arm. Before and after treatment, perceived pain and upper extremity function was evaluated. Results: Following one round of tissue flossing treatment, the participants experienced a 27% decrease in perceived pain from baseline (3.05 ± 1.95 to 2.22 ± 2.04, p < 0.05). Participants did not experience a significant increase in perceived upper extremity function. In addition, participants did not report any complications as a result of the intervention. Conclusion: These findings demonstrated that in healthy collegiate baseball pitchers, tissue flossing bands treatment were capable of decreasing perceived pain.
Action recognition using instrumented objects for stroke rehabilitation

Assisting patients to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) is a challenging task for both human and machine. Hence, developing a computer-based rehabilitation system to re-train patients to carry out daily activities is an essential step towards facilitating rehabilitation of stroke patients with apraxia and action disorganization syndrome (AADS). This thesis presents a real-time Hidden Markov Model (HMM) based human activity recognizer, and proposes a technique to reduce the time delay occurred during the decoding stage. Results are reported for complete tea-making trials. In this study, the input features are recorded using sensors attached to the objects involved in the tea making task, plus hand coordinate data captured using Kinect sensor. A coaster of sensors, comprising an accelerometer and three force-sensitive resistors, are packaged in a unit which can be easily attached to the base of an object. A parallel asynchronous set of detectors, each responsible for the detection of one sub-goal in the tea-making task, are used to address challenges arising from overlaps between human actions. In this work HMMs are used to exploit temporal dependencies between actions and emission distributions are modelled by two generative and discriminative modelling techniques namely Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs) and Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). Our experimental results show that HMM-DNN based systems outperform the GMM-HMM based systems by 18%. The proposed activity recognition system with the modified HMM topology provides a practical solution to the action recognition problem and reduces the time delay by 64% with no loss in accuracy.
Secondary (Late) Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip with Displacement: From Case Studies to a Proposition for a Modified Diagnostic Path

(1) Background. This paper presents a case of hip joints that were initially described as either normal or physiologically immature in four successive ultrasound examinations using the static method by Graf; however, the final treatment of the patient involved multiple hip reconstruction surgeries. (2) Case presentation. The patient was born with an Apgar score of 10 and did not exhibit neurological diseases that could deform and lead to pathological dislocation of the right hip joint. The subsequent analysis of medical data revealed that the hip luxation was due to secondary (late) developmental dysplasia of the right hip. (3) Conclusion. The article emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and treatment standards for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). The development of uniform international medical guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of hip dysplasia, along with the unification of DDH-related terminology, would allow for more effective management of DDH cases and reduce the cost of patient treatment.
Kelvin-Helmholtz Vortices as an Interplay of Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling

The solar wind-magnetosphere interaction drives diverse physical processes on the flanks of Earth’s magnetopause, and in turn these processes couple to the ionosphere. We investigate simultaneous multipoint in-situ spacecraft and ground-based measurements to determine the role of Kelvin-Helmholtz waves at the Earth’s magnetopause and the low-latitude boundary layer in the magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling process. Nonlinear Kelvin-Helmholtz waves develop into flow vortices that twist and/or shear flux tube magnetic fields, thereby generating localized field-aligned currents. Kelvin-Helmholtz vortices on the dusk (dawn) flanks of the magnetosphere generate clockwise (counter-clockwise) rotations and upward (downward) field-aligned currents inside the flux tubes, consistent with the region-1 field-aligned current. We present in-situ MMS and Cluster spacecraft observations of Kelvin-Helmholtz vortices at the magnetopause that map to the poleward edge of the auroral regions. The FAST spacecraft and the ground-based magnetometers from which spherical elementary currents (acting as a proxy for vertical currents) can be calculated observe corresponding field-aligned current signatures. This study demonstrates the role played by the Kelvin-Helmholtz waves in linking magnetopause boundary fluctuations to ionospheric phenomena.
Pothole Detection Using Image Enhancement GAN and Object Detection Network

Many datasets used to train artificial intelligence systems to recognize potholes, such as the challenging sequences for autonomous driving (CCSAD) and the Pacific Northwest road (PNW) datasets, do not produce satisfactory results. This is due to the fact that these datasets present complex but realistic scenarios of pothole detection tasks than popularly used datasets that achieve better results but do not effectively represents realistic pothole detection task. In remote sensing, super-resolution generative adversarial networks (GAN), such as enhanced super-resolution generative adversarial networks (ESRGAN), have been employed to mitigate the issues of small-object detection, which has shown remarkable performance in detecting small objects from low-quality images. Inspired by this success in remote sensing, we apply similar techniques with an ESRGAN super-resolution network to improve the image quality of road surfaces, and we use different object detection networks in the same pipeline to detect instances of potholes in the images. The architecture we propose consists of two main components: ESRGAN and a detection network. For the detection network, we employ both you only look once (YOLOv5) and EfficientDet networks. Comprehensive experiments on different pothole detection datasets show better performance for our method compared to similar state-of-the-art methods for pothole detection.
Towards the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs): A Comprehensive Review

Recently, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), also known as drones, have come in a great diversity of several applications such as military, construction, image and video mapping, medical, search and rescue, parcel delivery, hidden area exploration, oil rigs and power line monitoring, precision farming, wireless communication and aerial surveillance. The drone industry has been getting significant attention as a model of manufacturing, service and delivery convergence, introducing synergy with the coexistence of different emerging domains. UAVs offer implicit peculiarities such as increased airborne time and payload capabilities, swift mobility, and access to remote and disaster areas. Despite these potential features, including extensive variety of usage, high maneuverability, and cost-efficiency, drones are still limited in terms of battery endurance, flight autonomy and constrained flight time to perform persistent missions. Other critical concerns are battery endurance and the weight of drones, which must be kept low. Intuitively it is not suggested to load them with heavy batteries. This study highlights the importance of drones, goals and functionality problems. In this review, a comprehensive study on UAVs, swarms, types, classification, charging, and standardization is presented. In particular, UAV applications, challenges, and security issues are explored in the light of recent research studies and development. Finally, this review identifies the research gap and presents future research directions regarding UAVs.