Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantum to classical walk transitions tuned by spontaneous emissions

J. H. Clark, C. Groiseau, 3 Z. N. Shaw, S. Dadras, C. Binegar, S. Wimberger, 6, ∗ G. S. Summy, † and Y. Liu ‡ Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, New Zealand Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand TOPTICA Photonics Inc., 5847 County Road 41, Farmington, New York 14424, USA Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, Campus Universitario, Parco area delle Scienze 7/a, 43124 Parma, Italy INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, gruppo collegato di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7/A, 43124 Parma, Italy (Dated: August 23, 2021)
Structure and Interleavings of Relative Interlevel Set Cohomology

The relative interlevel set cohomology (RISC) is an invariant of real-valued continuous functions closely related to the Mayer–Vietoris pyramid introduced by Carlsson, de Silva, and Morozov. As such, the relative interlevel set cohomology is a parametriza-tion of the cohomology vector spaces of all open interlevel sets relative complements of closed interlevel sets. We provide a structure theorem, which applies to the RISC of real-valued continuous functions whose open interlevel sets have ﬁnite-dimensional cohomology in each degree. Moreover, we show this tameness assumption is in some sense equivalent to q -tameness as introduced by Chazal, de Silva, Glisse, and Oudot. Furthermore, we provide the notion of an interleaving for RISC and we show that it is stable in the sense that any space with two functions that are δ -close induces a δ -interleaving of the corresponding relative interlevel set cohomologies. Finally, we provide an elementary form of “quantitative homotopy invariance” for RISC.
Unified Representation of Geometric Primitives for Graph-SLAM Optimization Using Decomposed Quadrics

In Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM) problems, high-level landmarks have the potential to build compact and informative maps compared to traditional point-based landmarks. In this work, we focus on the param-eterization of frequently used geometric primitives including points, lines, planes, ellipsoids, cylinders, and cones. We first present a unified representation based on quadrics, an algebraic representation of quadratic surfaces in 3D. Then we propose a decomposed model of quadrics that discloses the symmetry and degeneration properties of a primitive. Based on the decomposition, we develop geometrically meaningful quadrics factors for the graph-SLAM problem. Then in simulation, it is shown that the decomposed formulation has better efficiency and robustness to observation noises than baseline parame-terizations. Finally, in real-world experiments, the proposed back-end framework is demonstrated to be capable of building compact and regularized maps.
Towards A Simple and Efficient VDTN Routing Protocol for Data Collection in Smart Cities

Smart cities today can utilize Vehicular Delay Tolerant Networks (VDTN) to collect data from connected-objects in the environment for various delay-tolerant applications. They can take advantage of the available Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) infrastructures to deliver data to the central server. The system can also exploit multiple and diverse mobility patterns found in cities, such as privately owned cars, taxis, public buses, and trams, along with their Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communications capabilities. In the envisioned convergence between the ITS and V2X, we believe that a simple and efficient routing protocol can be deployed for the delay-tolerant data delivery, contrary to the implementation of optimized solutions that might be resource-demanding and difficult to standardize. In this paper, we analyzed the performances of four baseline VDTN routing protocols, namely: Direct Delivery, First Contact, Epidemic, and Spray&Wait, to understand their strengths and weaknesses. Our simulation results highlighted the trade-off between distinct approaches used by those protocols and pointed out some gaps that can be refined. This study provides new interesting ideas and arguments towards developing a simple, efficient, and high-performing routing protocol for data collection in smart cities.
Neutron star deformability with hyperonization in density-dependent relativistic mean-field models

Neutron star tidal deformability extracted from gravitational wave data provides a novel probe to the interior neutron star structures and the associated nuclear equation of state (EOS). Instead of the popular composition of nucleons and leptons in neutron stars, we include hyperons and examine the role of hyperons in the tidal deformability and its impact on the symmetry energy in a relativistic mean-field approach with the density-dependent parametrizations. The hyperons are found to have significant impact on the deformability, correlated sensitively with the onset density and fraction of hyperons in neutron star matter. Moderately lower onset density of hyperons can yield considerable modification to the tidal deformability and shift its inference on the nuclear EOS. The future measurements of the tidal deformability at multi-fiducial star masses are anticipated to lift the degeneracy between the contributions from the hyperon component and symmetry energy.
Higher-dimensional Euclidean and non-Euclidean structures in planar circuit quantum electrodynamics

We show that a recent proposal for simulating planar hyperbolic lattices with circuit quantum electrodynamics can be extended to accommodate also higher dimensional lattices in Euclidean and non-Euclidean spaces if one allows for circuits with more than three polygons at each vertex. The quantum dynamics of these circuits, which can be constructed with present-day technology, are governed by effective tight-binding Hamiltonians corresponding to higher-dimensional Kagomé-like structures (n-dimensional zeolites), which are well known to exhibit strong frustration and flat bands. We analyze the relevant spectra of these systems and derive an exact expression for the fraction of flat-band states. Our results expand considerably the range of non-Euclidean geometry realizations with circuit quantum electrodynamics.
Experimental test of quantum causal influences

Since Bell’s theorem, it is known that local realism fails to explain quantum phenomena. Bell inequality violations manifestly show the incompatibility of quantum theory with classical notions of cause and effect. As recently found, however, the instrumental scenario—a pivotal tool in causal inference—allows for nonclassicality signatures going beyond this paradigm. If we are not limited to observational data and can intervene in our setup, then we can witness quantum violations of classical bounds on the causal influence among the involved variables even when no Bell-like violation is possible. That is, through interventions, the quantum behavior of a system that would seem classical can be demonstrated. Using a photonic setup—faithfully implementing the instrumental causal structure and switching between observation and intervention run by run—we experimentally witness such a nonclassicality. We also test quantum bounds for the causal influence, showing that they provide a reliable tool for quantum causal modeling.
Sensitivity of Optimal Retirement Problem to Liquidity Constraints

In this work we analytically solve an optimal retirement problem, in which the agent optimally allocates the risky investment, consumption and leisure rate to maximise a gain function characterised by a power utility function of consumption and leisure, through the duality method. We impose different liquidity constraints over different time spans and conduct a sensitivity analysis to discover the effect of this kind of constraint.
Quantum information in holographic duality

We give a pedagogical review of how concepts from quantum information theory build up the gravitational side of the anti-de Sitter/conformal field theory correspondence. The review is self-contained in that it only presupposes knowledge of quantum mechanics and general relativity; other tools—including holographic duality itself—are introduced in the text. We have aimed to give researchers interested in entering this field a working knowledge sufficient for initiating original projects. The review begins with the laws of black hole thermodynamics, which form the basis of this subject, then introduces the Ryu–Takayanagi proposal, the Jafferis–Lewkowycz–Maldacena–Suh (JLMS) relation, and subregion duality. We discuss tensor networks as a visualization tool and analyze various network architectures in detail. Next, several modern concepts and techniques are discussed: Rényi entropies and the replica trick, differential entropy and kinematic space, modular Berry phases, modular minimal entropy, entanglement wedge cross-sections, bit threads, and others. We discuss the extent to which bulk geometries are fixed by boundary entanglement entropies, and analyze the relations such as the monogamy of mutual information, which boundary entanglement entropies must obey if a state has a semiclassical bulk dual. We close with a discussion of black holes, including holographic complexity, firewalls and the black hole information paradox, islands, and replica wormholes.
A Recommender System for Scientific Datasets and Analysis Pipelines

Scientific datasets and analysis pipelines are increasingly being shared publicly in the interest of open science. However, mechanisms are lacking to reliably identify which pipelines and datasets can appropriately be used together. Given the increasing number of high-quality public datasets and pipelines, this lack of clear compatibility threatens the findability and reusability of these resources. We investigate the feasibility of a collaborative filtering system to recommend pipelines and datasets based on provenance records from previous executions. We evaluate our system using datasets and pipelines extracted from the Canadian Open Neuroscience Platform, a national initiative for open neuroscience. The recommendations provided by our system (AUC= 0.83) are significantly better than chance and outperform recommendations made by domain experts using their previous knowledge as well as pipeline and dataset descriptions (AUC= 0.63). In particular, domain experts often neglect low-level technical aspects of a pipeline-dataset interaction, such as the level of pre-processing, which are captured by a provenance-based system. We conclude that provenance-based pipeline and dataset recommenders are feasible and beneficial to the sharing and usage of open-science resources. Future work will focus on the collection of more comprehensive provenance traces, and on deploying the system in production.
Master functions and equations for perturbations of vacuum spherically symmetric spacetimes

Perturbation theory of vacuum spherically-symmetric spacetimes is a crucial tool to understand the dynamics of black hole perturbations. Spherical symmetry allows for an expansion of the perturbations in scalar, vector, and tensor harmonics. The resulting perturbative equations are decoupled for modes with different parity and different harmonic numbers. Moreover, for each harmonic and parity, the equations for the perturbations can be decoupled in terms of (gauge-invariant) master functions that satisfy 1+1 wave equations. By working in a completely general perturbative gauge, in this paper we study what is the most general master function that is linear in the metric perturbations and their first-order derivatives and satisfies a wave equation with a potential. The outcome of the study is that for each parity we have two branches of solutions with similar features. One of the branches includes the known results: In the odd-parity case, the most general master function is an arbitrary linear combination of the Regge-Wheeler and the Cunningham-Price-Moncrief master functions whereas in the even-parity case it is an arbitrary linear combination of the Zerilli master function and another master function that is new to our knowledge. The other branch is very different since it includes an infinite collection of potentials which in turn lead to an independent collection master of functions which depend on the potential. The allowed potentials satisfy a non-linear ordinary differential equation. Finally, all the allowed master functions are gauge invariant and can be written in a fully covariant form.
Maxillofacial-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Characteristics and Progress in Tissue Regeneration

Maxillofacial-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MFSCs) are a particular collective type of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that originate from the hard and soft tissue of the maxillofacial region. Recently, many types of MFSCs have been isolated and characterized. MFSCs have the common characteristics of being extremely accessible and amazingly multipotent and thus have become a promising stem cell resource in tissue regeneration. However, different MFSCs can give rise to different cell lineages, have different advantages in clinical use, and regulate the immune and inflammation microenvironment through paracrine mechanisms in different ways. Hence, in this review, we will concentrate on the updated new findings of all types of MFSCs in tissue regeneration and also introduce the recently discovered types of MFSCs. Important issues about proliferation and differentiation in vitro and in vivo, up-to-date clinical application, and paracrine effect of MFSCs in tissue regeneration will also be discussed. Our review may provide a better guide for the clinical use of MFSCs and further direction of research in MFSC regeneration medicine.
Bias correction for estimates from linear excess relative risk models in small case‐control studies

Epidemiologic studies conducted to quantify the impact of radiation dose d on an outcome typically model the hazard ratio (HR) for association using a linear term, HR(d)=1+βd , via a linear excess relative risk (ERR) model, based on biological considerations. To study associations of risk of a second cancer with radiation treatment for a first cancer, several nested case‐control designs to estimate β have been proposed that use refined doses received by different locations in the organ of interest. Here we first evaluated the small sample bias in maximum likelihood estimates of β for the linear ERR model using location‐specific radiation doses in simulations. As we found substantial upward bias for studies of realistic sample sizes (more than 50% relative bias for studies with 75 cases), we also proposed and investigated several approaches to correct this bias. We studied first and second order jackknife bias corrections and we derived a modified set of score functions under retrospective case‐control sampling, from which we directly obtained bias‐corrected estimates. In simulations based on doses from a study of stomach cancer among testicular cancer survivors and synthetically generated data, neither the first nor second order jackknife bias correction performed well. Estimates based on the modified score equations corrected the bias much better, albeit not completely, and were numerically much more stable.
Sweet Electronics: Honey‐Gated Complementary Organic Transistors and Circuits Operating in Air

Sustainable harnessing of natural resources is key moving toward a new‐generation electronics, which features a unique combination of electronic functionality, low cost, and absence of environmental and health hazards. Within this framework, edible electronics, of which transistors and circuits are a fundamental component, is an emerging field, exploiting edible materials that can be safely ingested, and subsequently digested after performing their function. Dielectrics are a critical functional element of transistors, often constituting their major volume. Yet, to date, there are only scarce examples of electrolytic food‐based materials able to provide low‐voltage operation of transistors at ambient conditions. In this context, a cost‐effective and edible substance, honey, is proposed to be used as an electrolytic gate viscous dielectric in electrolyte‐gated organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs). Both n‐ and p‐type honey‐gated OFETs (HGOFETs) are demonstrated, with distinctive features such as low voltage (<1 V) operation, long‐term shelf life and operation stability in air, and compatibility with large‐area fabrication processes, such as inkjet printing on edible tattoo‐paper. Such complementary devices enable robust honey‐based integrated logic circuits, here exemplified by inverting logic gates and ring oscillators. A marked device responsivity to humidity provides promising opportunities for sensing applications, specifically, for moisture control of dried or dehydrated food.
Degradation debts accounting: A holistic approach towards land degradation neutrality

Implementing land degradation neutrality (LDN) is listed as goal 15.3 of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and aims to combat desertification, restore degraded land and soil and achieve a land degradation-neutral world by 2030. Using several land degradation indicators, Wuepper et al. (2021) apply spatially explicit measurements to depict the natural resource 'debt' caused by land degradation, expressed as the difference between current and natural/historical conditions. Their novel approach combines vegetation and soil indicators to provide an integrated framework that enables more accurate assessments of global environmental change in addressing LDN for a sustainable future.
Cerebral small vessel disease and heart rate variability: A quest for nontraditional risk factors

The knowledge on cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) risk factors, mechanisms,management, andprognosis has beenexpandedgreatly in the last two decades. In this issue of the Journal of Clinical Hypertension, Tianandco-workers investigatedautonomicdysfunctionasoneof the nontraditional risk factors for cSVD occurrence and progression.1 We appreciate nowadays that neuroimaging markers of cSVD are a frequent finding in patients with common vascular risk factors, hypertension being the most prominent for its prevalence, impact, and potential for modifiability. Not only does cSVD cause a quarter of all ischemic strokes, typically leading to small subcortical infarctions and presenting with lacunar syndromes, but it is also the most common cause of vascular cognitive impairment and vascular dementia, in addition to being often detected in mixed dementias.2,3 On the other hand, the increasing use of magnetic resonance imaging, which plays a key role in the diagnosis of SVD, leads tomore frequent recognition of clinically silent lesions usually referred to as “covert SVD”. 4 Nevertheless, covert cSVD are clinically relevant as they are increasing the risk of future stroke, cognitive impairment, dependency, and death.2–4 Great clinical and neuroimaging heterogeneity of the cSVD spectrum makes both the clinical and research approach to this topic even more challenging. For example, magnetic resonance imaging markers of cSVD are associated with more than doubled the risk for the transition from an autonomous to a dependent status after 3 years of follow-up and are also associated with characteristic gait, motor, urinary, mood, and behavioral disturbances which although typical can be difficult to detect if mild.2–4 Nevertheless, at the point of the first evaluation, your patient may be sitting in front of youwith no detectable clinical or cognitivemanifestations but very worriedwhile discussing with you abun-
Periodontal health predicts self-rated general health: A time-lagged cohort study.

OBJECTIVES There is limited evidence of a temporal relationship between periodontal diseases and self-perceived general health. To plug this knowledge gap, we aimed to assess how periodontal health affects future self-rated health (SRH). METHODS We collected data from five waves of an annual nationwide Japanese survey of dental patients from 2015 to 2019. The analysis of repeated measurements included 9306 observations from 4242 patients aged 20 years or older. The clinical periodontitis measurements were bleeding on probing, deepest periodontal pocket depth and most severe clinical attachment loss (CAL). We used a self-administered questionnaire to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics, diabetes history, health behaviour, SRH and self-reported periodontitis. We applied 2-level ordered logistic regression models for repeated measurements to examine the relationships between SRH (time t) and 1-year-lagged periodontal health (time t-1) after adjusting for covariates. RESULTS The percentage of SRH responses recorded at time t as 'good', 'moderate' and 'poor' were 36.9%, 52.4% and 10.7%, respectively. Multivariate analyses showed that the risk of poorer SRH at time t increased in patients with CAL ≥7 mm (odds ratio [OR] = 1.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02-1.30), those who reported bleeding gums (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.21-1.46) and those who perceived swollen gums (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.26-1.56) at time t-1. Sensitivity analyses using the 4-year follow-up model and 3-year-lagged cohort model also showed consistent results. CONCLUSION Periodontitis shows a gradual contribution to future SRH in dental patients, even after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, general health and health-related behaviours.
Pervasive admixture and the spread of a large‐lipped form in a cichlid fish radiation

Adaptive radiations have proven important for understanding the mechanisms and processes underlying biological diversity. The convergence of form and function, as well as admixture and adaptive introgression, are common in adaptive radiations. However, distinguishing between these two scenarios remains a challenge for evolutionary research. The Midas cichlid species complex (Amphilophus spp.) is a prime example of adaptive radiation, with phenotypic diversification occurring at various stages of genetic differentiation. One species, A. labiatus, has large fleshy lips, is associated with rocky lake substrates, and occurs patchily within Lakes Nicaragua and Managua. By contrast, the similar, but thin‐lipped, congener, A. citrinellus, is more common and widespread. We investigated the evolutionary history of the large‐lipped form, specifically regarding whether the trait has evolved independently in both lakes from ancestral thin‐lipped populations, or via dispersal and/or admixture events. We collected samples from distinct locations in both lakes, and assessed differences in morphology and ecology. Using RAD‐seq, we genotyped thousands of SNPs to measure population structure and divergence, demographic history, and admixture. We found significant between‐species differences in ecology and morphology, local intraspecific differences in body shape and trophic traits, but only limited intraspecific variation in lip shape. Despite clear ecological differences, our genomic approach uncovered pervasive admixture between the species and low genomic differentiation, with species within lakes being genetically more similar than species between lakes. Taken together, our results suggest a single origin of large‐lips, followed by pervasive admixture and adaptive introgression, with morphology being driven by local ecological opportunities, despite ongoing gene‐flow.