Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
3D analysis of the peritalar complex using MR imaging in live patients

The purpose of this work is to characterize and classify the 3D architecture and kinematics of the joints of the foot, in live patients from 3D MR images. In the first part of this work we define a set of architectural parameters to describe the 3D relationships among the peritalar components and propose a new tool to automatically classify normal and pathological feet based on their architectural features. In the second part we extend the architectural method to the kinematics of the foot. Each image data set utilized in this study consists of 60 longitudinal slices of the foot acquired on a 1.5 T commercial MR system in each of 8 positions from extreme pronation to extreme supination. In the first part of this work, we developed a graphical representation of these parameters that provides useful and specific information for the clinician, and also developed a simple pattern classification method to select the most characteristic parameters for each pathological group. In the second part of this work, we show how these specific parameters vary during motion. The results presented characterize the normal architectural features of the foot. They show how each foot can be automatically classified into one of three pathological groups based on its architecture and its variations. They also present the normal features of motion, and show how normal and abnormal motions can be distinguished. We conclude that 3D MR image and analysis is a unique and powerful technique to study and follow normal and pathological feet in living patients.
International Union of Pharmacology. XLI. Compendium of voltage-gated ion channels: potassium channels.

This summary article presents an overview of the molecular relationships among the voltage-gated potassium channels and a standard nomenclature for them, which is derived from the IUPHAR Compendium of Voltage-Gated Ion Channels. The complete Compendium, including data tables for each member of the potassium channel family can be found at http://www.iuphar-db.org/iuphar-ic/.
The 1998 Bovec‐Krn Mountain (Slovenia) Earthquake Sequence

We study the 1998 Bovec‐Krn mountain (Slovenia) earthquake sequence by combining hypocenters relocation, strong motion inversion, digital elevation modelling and field geology. The main shock (Ms=5.7), a 12 km right lateral strike‐slip event on the Dinaric fault system, occurred on a sub‐vertical fault plane. The rupture, confined between 3 and 9 km depth, with no evidence of surface faulting, propagated bilaterally within two structural barriers. The northwestern barrier is at the junction between Dinaric and Alpine structures where there is a sharp change in the geometry of faulting. The southeastern barrier is within the Dinaric system and its surface expression corresponds to the Tolminka‐spring perched basin, a 1 km restraining step‐over. At this site, the Bovec‐Krn earthquake‐fault overlaps with a 30 km strike‐slip fault segment that is free of aftershocks and could be undergoing an increase of stress. This fault system represents the northern branch of the Idrija right‐lateral fault.
Acquisition of Type I methyltransferase via horizontal gene transfer increases the drug resistance of Aeromonas veronii

Aeromonas veronii is an opportunistic pathogen that affects both fish and mammals, including humans, leading to bacteraemia, sepsis, meningitis and even death. The increasing virulence and drug resistance of A. veronii are of significant concern and pose a severe risk to public safety. The Type I restriction-modification (RM) system, which functions as a bacterial defence mechanism, can influence gene expression through DNA methylation. However, little research has been conducted to explore its origin, evolutionary path, and relationship to virulence and drug resistance in A. veronii . In this study, we analysed the pan-genome of 233 A . veronii strains, and the results indicated that it was 'open', meaning that A. veronii has acquired additional genes from other species. This suggested that A. veronii had the potential to adapt and evolve rapidly, which might have contributed to its drug resistance. One Type I methyltransferase (MTase) and two complete Type I RM systems were identified, namely AveC4I, AveC4II and AveC4III in A. veronii strain C4, respectively. Notably, AveC4I was exclusive to A. veronii C4. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that AveC4I was derived from horizontal gene transfer from Thiocystis violascens and exchanged genes with the human pathogen Comamonas kerstersii . Single molecule real-time sequencing was applied to identify the motif methylated by AveC4I, which was unique and not recognized by any reported MTases in the REBASE database. We also annotated the functions and pathways of the genes containing the motif, revealing that AveC4I may control drug resistance in A. veronii C4. Our findings provide new insight on the mechanisms underlying drug resistance in pathogenic bacteria. By identifying the specific genes and pathways affected by AveC4I, this study may aid in the development of new therapeutic approaches to combat A. veronii infections.
Modelling hourly evapotranspiration and soil water content at the grass-covered boundary-layer field site Falkenberg, Germany

Abstract The study analyses a 2-year period of hourly rates of real evapotranspiration (ETr) derived from eddy covariance measurements and soil water contents at depths from 8 to 90 cm, monitored by time domain reflectometry probes at the grass-covered boundary-layer field site Falkenberg of the Lindenberg Meteorological Observatory – Richard-Aßmann-Observatory, operated by the German Meteorological Service (DWD). The ETr rates and soil water contents were compared with the results of a modelling approach consisting of the Penman-Monteith equation and the soil water balance model Hydrus-1D using a noncompensatory and a compensatory root-water uptake model. After optimization of soil hydraulic parameters by inverse modelling, using measured soil water contents as the objective function, simulated and measured model outputs showed good agreement for soil water contents above 90 cm depth and for ETr rates simulated by our modelling approaches using noncompensatory root-water uptake. The application of a compensatory root-water uptake model led to a decrease in the simulation quality for the total investigation period. Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz Citation Wegehenkel, M. and Beyrich, F. , 2014. Modelling of hourly evapotranspiration and soil water content at the grass-covered boundary-layer field site Falkenberg, Germany. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 59 (2), 376–394.
A Transdisciplinary Framework for Engineering Education, Developing Tactical Engineering Decision Making Skills

The use of digital simulators is a well-known practice in managerial courses as tools for strategic decision-making. On the other side, engineering students are used to practicing theoretical knowledge in laboratories or real factories due to the tactical nature of the decisions involved. During the COVID pandemic, universities were forced to limit or cancel access to physical facilities. Engineering professors were challenged to keep educational schedules using digital tools. The contribution of this work is a transdisciplinary framework on how to design engineering practices through digital simulation models to keep or improve prepandemic learning levels. The societal challenge involves a change in paradigm for professors, students, and practitioners. The proposed framework was used to design, implement, and feedback a senior student Six Sigma project course, using a tailormade web-based simulator. Two iterations of the framework are currently deployed: one-way information flow, and two-way interaction. The information obtained so far was the base for the third iteration of the framework which involves three-dimensional virtual reality interaction. Case-based learning and management simulators have been successful at bridging theory and practice for management students. The work in this paper builds on these management practices to achieve equivalent learning levels for engineering students. © 2022 The authors and IOS Press.
Using Multimodal Clustering on Formal Contexts in Event Extraction with Neural Nets

The most of the tasks of event extraction from textual data are solved using neural networks. One of the ways to train neural networks on texts is the use of n -grams. In this paper, we consider n -grams in the form of subgraphs of conceptual graphs that have a certain semantics. Each such n -gram can be treated as an event. The paper proposes to use an additional information resource in the form of a hierarchy of multimodal clusters based on a multidimensional formal context, the n+1 dimensional tensor elements of which consist of n -grams and elements selected as objects. The task of event extraction is solved by the joint use of a neural network and a hierarchy of multimodal clusters.
The wooing of Earth

Reckless use of energy by industrial nations has begun to alter the global climate. Each year more arable land is lost to desertification and erosion due to anthropogenic activities. Air pollutants carried by winds contaminate ecosystems in many parts of the globe. Various kinds of wilderness are being spoiled by overexploitation or permanent occupation. However, human interventions into nature have often revealed potentialities of the earth that would have remained unexpressed in the state of wilderness. With knowledge and a sense of responsibility for the welfare of the earth, human intervention into nature can be ecologically sound, aesthetically satisfying, and economically rewarding.
Neuroinflammatory responses to traumatic brain injury: etiology, clinical consequences, and therapeutic opportunities

: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious public health problem accounting for 1.4 million emergency room visits by US citizens each year. Although TBI has been tradition-ally considered an acute injury, chronic symptoms reminiscent of neurodegenerative disorders have now been recognized. These progressive neurodegenerative-like symptoms manifest as impaired motor and cognitive skills, as well as stress, anxiety, and mood affective behavioral alterations. TBI, characterized by external bumps or blows to the head exceeding the brain’s protective capacity, causes physical damage to the central nervous system with accompanying neurological dysfunctions. The primary impact results in direct neural cell loss predominantly exhibiting necrotic death, which is then followed by a wave of secondary injury cascades including excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, blood–brain barrier disruption, and inflammation. All these processes exacerbate the damage, worsen the clinical outcomes, and persist as an evolving pathological hallmark of what we now describe as chronic TBI. Neuroinflammation in the acute stage of TBI mobilizes immune cells, astrocytes, cytokines, and chemokines toward the site of injury to mount an antiinflammatory response against brain damage; however, in the chronic stage, excess activation of these inflammatory elements contributes to an “inflamed” brain microenvironment that principally contributes to secondary cell death in TBI. Modulating these inflammatory cells by changing their phenotype from proinflammatory to antiinflammatory would likely promote therapeutic effects on TBI. Because neuroinflammation occurs at acute and chronic stages after the primary insult in TBI, a treatment targeting neuroinflammation may have a wider therapeutic window for TBI. To this end, a better understanding of TBI etiology and clinical manifestations, especially the pathological presentation of chronic TBI with neuroinflammation as a major component, will advance our knowledge on inflammation-based disease mechanisms and treatments.
A Twitter Sentiment Gold Standard for the Brexit Referendum

In this paper, we present a sentiment-annotated Twitter gold standard for the Brexit referendum. The data set consists of 2,000 Twitter messages (“tweets”) annotated with information about the sentiment expressed, the strength of the sentiment, and context dependence. This is a valuable resource for social media-based opinion mining in the context of political events.
Brief Communication: Can recent ice discharges following the Larsen-B ice-shelf collapse be used to

The effects of an ice-shelf collapse on inland glacier dynamics have recently been widely studied, especially since the breakup of the Antarctic Peninsula's Larsen-B ice shelf in 2002. Several studies have documented acceleration of the ice streams that were flowing into the former ice shelf. The mechanism responsible for such a speed-up lies with the removal of the ice-shelf backforce. Independently, it is also well documented that during the last glacial period, the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets experienced large discharges into the ocean, likely reflecting ice flow acceleration episodes on the millennial time scale. The classic interpretation of the latter is based on the existence of an internal thermo-mechanical feedback with the potential to generate oscillatory behavior in the ice sheets. Here we would like to widen the debate by considering that Larsen-B-like glacial analog episodes could have contributed significantly to the registered millennial-scale variablity.
Influence of serum lead level on prevalence of 1 musculoskeletal pain, quality of life and 2 cardiopulmonary function among welders in

12 Exposure of welders to welding fumes is a serious occupational health problem all over 13 the world. This often leads to musculoskeletal pain and influences quality of life and 14 cardiopulmonary function, which can be acute or chronic, localized or widespread. The study 15 aimed to assess the serum level of lead and relate it to musculoskeletal pains, quality of life and 16 cardiopulmonary functions of welders in Enugu metropolis, Southeast, Nigeria. Snowball 17 sampling technique was adopted to reach over 100 welders working and residing in Enugu 18 metropolis and who met the inclusion criteria for their informed consent to participate in the 19 study. The first 100 to give the consent were selected for the study. results showed that the mean 20
Tsunami early warning using GPS‐Shield arrays

[1] The 2004 catastrophic Indian Ocean tsunami has strongly emphasized the need for reliable tsunami early warning systems. Another giant tsunamigenic earthquake may occur west of Sumatra, close to the large city of Padang. We demonstrate that the presence of islands between the trench and the Sumatran coast makes earthquake-induced tsunamis especially sensitive to slip distribution on the rupture plane as wave heights at Padang may differ by more than a factor of 5 for earthquakes having the same seismic moment (magnitude) and rupture zone geometry but different slip distribution. Hence reliable prediction of tsunami wave heights for Padang cannot be provided using traditional, earthquake-magnitude-based methods. We show, however, that such a prediction can be issued within 10 minutes of an earthquake by incorporating special types of near-field GPS arrays (“GPS-Shield”). These arrays measure both vertical and horizontal displacements and can resolve higher order features of the slip distribution on the fault than the seismic moment if placed above the rupture zone or are less than 100 km away of the rupture zone. Stations in the arrays are located as close as possible to the trench and are aligned perpendicular to the trench, i.e., parallel to the expected gradient of surface coseismic displacement. In the case of Sumatra and Java, the GPS-Shield arrays should be placed at Mentawai Islands, located between the trench and Sumatra and directly at the Sumatra and Java western coasts. We demonstrate that the “GPS-Shield” can also be applied to northern Chile, where giant earthquakes may also occur in the near future. Moreover, this concept may be applied globally to many other tsunamigenic active margins where the land is located above or close to seismogenic zones.
Talent Retention: Enhancing Employee Engagement through HR, Knowledge and Change Management a Conceptual Framework

This study examines talent retention in the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sector by focusing on the relationships between human resource management (HRM), knowledge management (KM), change management (CM) and employee engagement. In this respect, a conceptual framework is proposed to understand the relationships between these constructs. The proposed framework highlights the importance of implementing specific talent retention practices in knowledge-intensive sectors like ICT, in order for employees to be engaged both with their work and their organization
GIS and EUREPGAP : applying GIS to increase effective farm management in accordance GAP requirements

With the inception of precision farming techniques during the last decade, agricultural efficiency has improved, leading to greater productivity and enhanced economic benefits associated with agriculture. The awareness of health risks associated with food borne diseases has also increased. Systems such as Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (RACCP) in the USA and Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) in Europe are trying to ensure that no food showing signs of microbial contamination associated with production techniques are allowed onto the export market. Growers participating in exporting are thus being forced to conform to the requirements set by international customers. The aim of this study was to compile a computerized record keeping system that would aid farmers with the implementation of GAP on farms, by making use of GIS capabilities. A database, consisting of GAP-specific data was developed. ArcView GIS was used to implement the database, while customized analyses procedures through the use of Avenue assisted in GAP-specific farming related decisions. An agricultural area focusing on the export market was needed for this study, and the nut producing Levubu district was identified as ideal. By making use of ArcView GIS, distinct relationships between different data sets were portrayed in tabular, graphical, geographical and report format. GAP requirements state that growers must base decisions on timely, relevant information. With information available in the above-mentioned formats, decisions regarding actions taken can be justified. By analysing the complex interaction between datasets, the influences that agronomical inputs have on production were portrayed, moving beyond the standard requirements of GAP. Agricultural activities produce enormous quantities of data, and GIS proved to be an indispensable tool because of the ability to analyse and manipulate data with a spatial component. The implementation of good agricultural practices lends itself to the use of GIS. With the correct information available at the right time, better decisions can promote Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
Dependency Covers from an FCA Perspective

Implications in Formal Concept Analysis (FCA), Horn clauses in Logic, and Functional Dependencies (FDs) in the Relational Database Model, are very important dependency types in their respective fields. Moreover, they have been proved to be equivalent from a syntactical point of view. Then notions and algorithms related to one dependency type in a field can be reused and applied to another dependency type in the other field. One of these notions is that of cover , also known as a base or basis , i.e., a compact representation of a complete set of implications, FDs, or Horn clauses. Although the notion of cover exists in the three fields, the characterization and the related uses of a cover are different. In this paper, we study and compare, from an FCA perspective, the principles on which rely the most important covers in each field. Finally, we discuss some open questions that are of interest in the three fields, and especially to the FCA community.
Long-term heat exchanges over a Mediterranean lagoon

[1] Heat exchanges between a medium-sized Mediterranean lagoon and the atmosphere are investigated at various time scales using long-term observations including 9 months of eddy covariance measurements. Turbulent heat fluxes are assessed using both eddy covariance and aerodynamic methods with a relative accuracy estimated at 15%. At time scales ranging from the diurnal to the seasonal cycle, heat exchanges appear to be dominated by evaporation, and most of the heat release of the lagoon occurs on time scales between 2 and 20 days. Seasonal variations are mainly due to the effects of net radiation and air temperature, while daily and short-term fluctuations of the sensible heat flux are influenced by air temperature and wind. In the short term, low relative humidity is more efficient than high wind speeds to produce strong peaks of evaporation (latent heat flux more than 350 W m−2). Episodes of Tramontane, a regional orography-induced wind, are shown to be responsible for 84% of the cooling of the lagoon surface (for cooling of more than 0.5°C) and for 70% of the heat loss due to evaporation. Short-term heat transfers between the lagoon and the atmosphere are largely punctuated by the two regional winds. The Tramontane generates pulses of evaporation lasting 1 to 4 days, while Marin episodes result in very low or negative latent heat fluxes and negative sensible heat fluxes corresponding to heat transfer from the atmosphere to the lagoon.
Stochastic modeling of flood peaks using the generalized extreme value distribution

The generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution is a standard tool for modeling flood peaks, both in annual maximum series (AMS) and in partial duration series (PDS). In this paper, combined maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) and L moment (LMOM) procedures are developed for estimating location, shape, and scale parameters of the GEV distribution. Particular attention is given to estimation of the shape parameter, which determines the “thickness” of the upper tail of the flood frequency distribution. Mixed MLE–LMOM methods avoid problems with both MLE (estimator variance) and LMOM (estimator bias) estimators of the shape parameter. The mixed MLE–LMOM procedure is extended to use the two largest flood peaks in a year. This extension is developed in a PDS framework. Estimation procedures are applied to flood peak observations from 104 central Appalachian basins. The estimated values of the shape parameter for the central Appalachian basins are more negative than has been considered physically reasonable, independent of the estimation procedure that is used. Twenty‐eight percent of mixed method estimators of the shape parameter have values less than −0.5, implying that the moments of order 2 and above are infinite. The estimated shape parameters for the central Appalachian basins do not depend on basin morphological parameters (such as drainage area) or land cover properties (such as percent urban, forest, or agricultural land use). Estimated values of the location and scale parameters for the central Appalachian watersheds correspond well with GEV‐based simple scaling theory. Estimated values of the shape parameter for central Appalachian watersheds are shown to differ markedly from those of southern Appalachian watersheds and the difference is shown to be linked to contrasting properties of extreme floods. To conclude the paper, analyses of mixture distribution models are presented to address the question of whether flood peaks really have extreme “heavy tail” behavior or whether the GEV distribution is not the appropriate model for flood peaks.