Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wavelet-Galerkin Method and Some Numerical Method for Lane-Emden Type Differential Equation

In this paper, we will compare the performance of Adomian decomposition method and the wavelet-Galerkin method applied to the Lane-Emden type differential equation. The Galerkin Wavelet method (GWM), which is known as a numerical approach is used for the Lane- Emden equation, as an initial value problem. This approach consists of using integral operator, to convert the Lane- Emden equation in to an integral equation, then applying Galerkin Wavelet method to solve the resulted integral equation. The properties of Galerkin Wavelet method (GWM) and the Adomian Decomposition Method are also addressed. Although the Adomian decomposition solution required slightly more computational effort than the wavelet-Galerkin solution, it resulted in more accurate results than the wavelet-Galerkin method. To illustrate the methods two examples are provided and the results are in good agreement with exact solution.
Evidence of magnetic activity in short-period algol binaries

The cool G- to K-type secondaries in short-period Algol-type binaries are expected to be magnetically active like the RS CVn binaries because of their rapid rotation and outer convective layers. There is now growing evidence of such activity, primarily from radio and X-ray observations, but there is still little or no information about most of the other indicators of magnetic activity. In this work, we have collected the evidence for magnetic activity in a selected group of 15 short-period Algols and have examined the possibility that part of the Hα emission detected in these systems may indeed arise from the chromosphere of the cool star and not exclusively from circumstellar material
X-Ray Photoelectron Band Structure of Some Transition-Metal Compounds

The valence-band structures of MnO, CoO, NiO, CuO, ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}$O, Ni${\mathrm{Cl}}_{2}$, NiS, and KNi${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$ have been obtained by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Band widths and positions are obtained, and are compared with the results of band-structure calculations. Bandwidths for the oxides are in accord with augmented-plane-wave calculations. Bands positions are better described by shifting free-ion energy levels according to the Madelung energy. The structure of the $d$ band of NiO is compared with other experimental and theoretical results.
Infrared Thermography As A Control For The Welding Process

A feasibility study was performed to determine if infrared thermography could be used to detect perturbations in the arc welding process which result in defects. Data were gathered using an infrared camera with a resolution of . 2°C which was trained on the molten metal pool during welding. Several defects were then intentionally induced and the resulting thermal images were preserved on film. These images revealed that different types of weld defects induce different characteristic changes in the thermal image by detectably altering the temperature field around the weld. These perturbations in the temperature field can be used to identify and locate defects such as arc misalignment, plate gap, puddle impurities etc. Macrostructural examinations permitted investigations into the relationships between weld puddle penetration depth and the temperature field. Using computer aided processing of these thermal images, it is expected that the welding process can be controlled to a higher degree than is presently possible.
Identification of defect types in moderately Si-doped GaInNAsSb layer in p-GaAs/n- GaInNAsSb/n-GaAs solar cell structure using admittance spectroscopy

Bias dependence of the admittance spectroscopy of GaInNAsSb based solar cell structure has been performed to identify and characterize the type of defects, for example interface and/or bulk type defects in a moderately Si doped GaInNAsSb (n-GaInNAsSb) layer in the structure. From the zero bias admittance spectrum, three peaks namely E1, E2, and E3 corresponding to the localized level at 0.03 eV, 0.07 eV, and 0.16 eV below the conduction band edge (EC) of n-GaInNAsSb material, respectively, were found. Constant position of E2 and E3 peak in the admittance spectra in response to the various applied DC reverse bias suggests that E2 and E3 are related to the bulk type defects being spatially homogeneous throughout the bulk of the n- GaInNAsSb film. However, bias dependence admittance of the E1 peak along with the capacitance - voltage (C-V) measurement as well as characteristic feature in the temperature dependent junction capacitance value strongly suggests that E1 peak might be originated due to the free ca.
Nonlinear stabilizing controller for a single machine infinite-bus power system

In the design of feedback control laws for nonlinear systems, the concept of exact linearization via feedback has emerged as a promising technique. In its current form, this concept is limited to deterministic systems. In a recent work conducted by the authors, it has been shown that a realistic modeling of power systems is via nonlinear stochastic differential equations. Also, the concept of exact feedback linearization has been extended to include a class of stochastic systems. In this paper, the concept of exact stochastic feedback linearization is used to design a nonlinear excitation controller for a single machine-infinite bus power system. Simulations are performed using the proposed controller and a well known existing linear controller (PSS). The results confirm that the proposed controller increases the stability margin of the system, while maintaining good performance in the presence of major disturbances.
Including the effects of electronic stopping and electron–ion interactions in radiation damage simulations

Radiation damage is traditionally modelled using cascade simulations, and the effect of inelastic scattering by electrons, if included, is introduced via a friction term in the equation of motion. We have developed a model in which the molecular dynamics simulation is coupled to a model for the electronic energy, which evolves via the heat diffusion equation. Energy lost by the atoms, due electronic stopping or electron–ion interactions, is input to the electronic system via a source term in the diffusion equation. Energy is fed back to the atomic system from the hot electrons by means of a Langevin thermostat, which depends on the local electronic temperature. Results of the model are presented for 10 keV cascades in Fe.
Application of Gibbs sampling in efficient hyperspectral unmixing based on the mixtures of Dirichlet components

Abstract. The independent component analysis has been commonly employed in hyperspectral unmixing. However, the success of this method is highly dependent on the independency of its sources assumption. Dependent component analysis (DECA) algorithm, which utilizes a Dirichlet mixture model, was developed to provide more adequate spectral unmixing of dependent sources. Estimation of the unknown model parameters using the expectation maximization algorithm in DECA resulted in some insufficiencies. DECAGibbs algorithm is introduced to improve unmixing accuracy by applying the Gibbs sampling method to the parameter estimation process of DECA, which is conducted in different manners of modeling the observations. Functionality of the DECAGibbs algorithm is examined through the artificial datasets and an AVIRIS image of Cuprite, Nevada, indicating better decomposition of mixed observations. Finally, the best performing model was employed in mineralogical mapping of the Lahroud region, northwest Iran, by a Hyperion image. The results represent the high reliability of the proposed method according to the geological studies of the area. Since the practical application of the mixture models relies upon the efficient estimation of their involved parameters, the performance of the DECA algorithm is improved by employing the Bayesian parameter estimation approaches in this research.
Observation of substrate-type inversion in high-resistivity silicon structures irradiated with high-energy electrons

Several silicon devices, including test structures and double-sided microstrip detectors, have been irradiated with a 900 MeV electron beam. The irradiated test structures have been used to quantify bulk and surface damage effects caused by the incident particles. Bulk-type conversion from n to p-type has been observed to occur at fluences of order 10/sup 14/ cm/sup -2/. For the damage constant /spl alpha/, a NIEL normalized value of about 3/spl times/10/sup -17/ A/cm has been obtained. The results confirm that high-energy electrons, like neutrons and protons, are very effective in creating bulk damage in silicon.
Un modelo dinámico bayesiano para pronóstico de energía diaria

Los modelos dinamicos bayesianos son una alternativa util para elaborar pronosticos con pocos datos historicos, o que ayudan a complementar la poca informacion que se tenga. En este trabajo se propone el diseno de un algoritmo para realizar pronosticos usando un modelo dinamico bayesiano basado en Filtro de Kalman. Se ilustra el procedimiento aplicandolo al pronostico de demanda de energia diaria de Colombia, lo cual puede ser util en sistemas que presenten fallas, o en regiones donde apenas inicia el abastecimiento energetico. La eficiencia se determina con el indicador de error absoluto medio (MAPE) de ajuste y de pronostico; este ultimo resulta menor del 3%, valor adecuado para mostrar validez del metodo propuesto.Dynamic Bayesian Models are a useful alternative to make forecasts with few historical data, or that permits to complement the little information you have. In this paper we propose an algorithm design to forecast using a dynamic Bayesian model based on Kalman Filter. We illustrate the procedure by applying it to the prediction of daily energy demand of Colombia, which can be useful in systems experiencing failures, or in regions where energy supply is just beginning. The efficiency is determined by the Average Absolute Error Indicator (MAPE), of adjustment and forecast; the last one is less than 3%, appropriate value to show validity of the proposed method.
Defect-induced melting in nematic liquid crystals

In this paper we employ a relatively simple theory to show how a nematic disclination line can act as a nucleation site for the growth of the isotropic phase. With this theory we are able to find analytical expressions for the critical temperature of nucleation and the behaviour of the core radius as a function of temperature. We are then able to compare these results with a previous numerical model of this effect.
Multivariate statistical modelling based on generalized linear models

Introduction * Modelling and Analysis of Cross-sectional Data: A Review of Univariate Generalized Linear Models * Models for Multicategorical Responses: Multivariate Extensions of Generalized Linear Models * Selecting and Checking Models * Semi- and Nonparametric Approaches to Regression Analysis * Fixed Parameter Models for Time Series and Longitual Data * Random Effects Models * State Space and Hidden Markov Models * Survival Models
General approaches to the modelling of soft estimates and beliefs in strategic decision engineering

Strategic decision engineering problems are formulated. To differ from conventional decision-making approaches, decision engineering faces ill-defined situations typical for strategic management. Here the modeling of various non-factors proper to decider's estimates, judgments and beliefs is of primary concern. The author introduces the concept of "soft estimates" to define flexible expert estimates taking into account non-factors classes which arise in decider's knowledge representation on bipolar scales. His main purpose in this paper is to specify a general mathematical framework for soft estimates and uncertain beliefs typical for strategic decision engineering. A logical-algebraic description of soft estimation approaches is given. Different types of bipolar scales are considered. Appropriate multi-valued and fuzzy logics are presented. Some early logical approaches to non-factors modeling are discussed A quasi-ordering relation induced by a class of negations is taken as a basis for representing judgments and beliefs on bipolar scales. An estimation algebra on bipolar scales is constructed. Some indices of estimate softness are suggested. Generalized fuzzy sets to model flexible linguistic estimates on bipolar scales are proposed.
MOVING AVERAGES AND MARKETS INEFFICIENCY

We introduce a stochastic price model where, together with a random component, a moving average of logarithmic prices contributes to the price formation. Our model is tested against financial datasets, showing an extremely good agreement with them. It suggests how to construct trading strategies which imply a capital growth rate larger than the growth rate of the underlying asset, with also the effect of reducing the fluctuations. These results are a clear evidence that some hidden information is not fully integrated in price dynamics, and therefore financial markets are partially inefficient. In simple terms, we give a recipe for speculators to make money as long as only few investors follow it.
Design of a Rotman lens feed network to generate a hexagonal lattice of multiple beams

The design of a rectangular lattice with identical row and column boards of Rotman lenses to feed a hexagonal array of radiating elements is described in this paper. The resultant beams with high directivity and good isolation are arranged in a hexagonal lattice that is rotated 90/spl deg/ from the element lattice. A prototype network was built to excite a hexagonal array of conical horns. The measured patterns of the planar array as well as the characteristics of the individual boards agree very well with predictions.
On the validity of two A-/spl psi/ finite element formulations for modelling eddy current problems with velocity

Two finite element implementations for modelling eddy current problems with velocity are examined here. The formulations are based on the A-/spl psi/ representation. In one finite element implementation, the moving current density is represented as a volume integral term. In the other, volume and surface integral terms represent the moving current density. These formulations are applied to a series of rotational velocity test models differing in conductor topology and the results are compared.
RA diagnostics applying optical tomography in frequency domain

Our aim is to reconstruct the optical parameters in a slice of a finger joint phantom for further investigations about rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Therefore, we have developed a flexible NIR scanning system in order to collect amplitude and phase delay of photon density waves in frequency-domain. A cylindrical finger joint phantom was embedded in a container of Intralipid solution due to the application of an inverse method for infinite geometry. The joint phantom was investigated by a laser beam obtaining several projections. The average optical parameters of each projection was calculated. Using different reconstruction techniques, e.g. ART and SIRT with a special projection operator, we reconstructed the optical parameters in a slice. The projection operator can be heuristically described by a photon path density function of a homogeneous media with infinite geometry. Applied to an object with an unknown distribution of optical parameters it calculates the expectation value of the investigated object. The potentials and limits of these fast reconstruction methods will be presented.
Exploration of Terrestrial Planets from Spacecraft: Instrumentation, Investigation, Interpretation

MODERN CONCEPTS OF PLANETS AND SATELLITES. Origin and Evolution of the Solar System. Mercury. Venus. Mars. Planetary Satellites. EXPLORATION OF PLANETS AND SATELLITES BY SPACECRAFT. Gamma-Ray Spectrometric Studies. X-Ray Spectrometric Studies. Neutron Methods for Analysis of Rocks. Alpha-Particle Spectrometry. Mass Spectrometric Studies. The Exploration of Mars and Phobos (Phobos Mission). Penetrators for Exploring Solar System Bodies. Prospects for the Exploration of Mars. Conclusion. Index.
Walraven observations of the April 1987 superoutburst of the eclipsing dwarf nova Z Chamaeleontis

We present optical (3200 A-6000 A) photometry of the SU Ursae Majoris type dwarf nova Z Chamaeleontis, made during the superoutburst in April 1987. We find that the rise to maximum of the precursor is wavelength dependent. During the precursor a large pre-eclipse dip develops in the orbital light curve, stretching from orbital phase ∼0.6 to ∼0.9 (eclipse≡phase 0.0). The dip is strongest at the shortest wavelengths. It may be caused by an occultation of the inner parts of the accretion disk.
Submicrometer aperture in a thin metal film as a probe of its microenvironment through enhanced light scattering and fluorescence

The concept of surface-enhanced spectroscopy is applied to the detection of small changes in the optical properties of the microenvironment of a single small scattering object. Apertures of a diameter of 0.18–0.48 μm in thin films of silver or gold supported by a glass slide are used as microprobes to detect the properties of an adjacent liquid. Resonant conditions for enhanced light scattering are obtained, which allow for a very sensitive measurement of refractive-index differences of the order of 10−4 in a small volume determined by the aperture size. Enhanced quenching of scattering from an aperture by dissolved dye molecules is introduced as a new type of surface-enhanced spectroscopy. Conditions were found that lead to an enhancement of fluorescence intensity of a Rhodamine solution in the probe volume by a factor of 40. It is suggested that these enhanced processes be used to detect time-dependent processes in the vicinity of the apertures such as fluctuations in the population of the small number of dye molecules within the probe volume of the apertures.
Dependence of the Elongational Behavior of Polystyrene Melts on Molecular Weight and Molecular Weight Distribution

The elongational viscosity and the tensile compliance on four polystyrenes of different molecular weights and molecular‐weight distributions were determined by means of an extensional rheometer designed particularly for investigations on a small amount of polymer. The steady‐state elongational viscosity at small strain rates is three times the zero‐shear viscosity according to the Trouton relationship. The Trouton viscosity is proportional to Mw3.5 independent of the molecular weight distribution. For the steady‐state tensile compliance in the linear range of elongation no quantitative relationship with molecular data can be given but a strong increase of the compliance due to small amounts of a higher molecular weight component is observed. In the nonlinear range of elongation a small viscosity maximum as a function of tensile stress is observed for three samples whereas one sample shows an increase of the elongational viscosity up to values which are at least five times higher than the elongational visc.
Some Connections between Residual Finiteness, Finite Embeddability and the Word Problem

Finite embeddability. An algebra A is residually finite if for any x # y in A, there is a homomorphism a of A onto a finite algebra such that xct # yu. For the notion of an incomplete or partial algebra in a variety, we refer to [4, 6]. We say that an algebra A in a variety V has the finite embeddability property if any finite incomplete F-algebra contained in A is embeddable in a finite F-algebra. A variety V is said to have the finite embeddability property if every algebra in V has the property. Thus, a variety V has the finite embeddability property if any finite incomplete K-algebra which is embeddable is embeddable in a finite F-algebra. We note also that a variety has the finite embeddability property if its finitely generated algebras have this property. To see this, let A be an algebra in a variety V whose finitely generated algebras have the finite embeddability property and let / be a finite incomplete algebra contained in A. Let B be the F-algebra freely generated by / . The algebra B is not necessarily a subalgebra of A but B contains / isomorphically [4; Lemma 1] and B is finitely generated. Hence, I is finitely embeddable and so V has the finite embeddability property.
Development of 100% lattice match buffer layers on RABiTS Ni tapes by sol-gel

Gd/sub 2/O/sub 3/-Yb/sub 2/O/sub 3/ and Gd/sub 2/O/sub 3/-Ho/sub 2/O/sub 3/ mixed RE oxides were used to produce buffer layers with a perfect lattice match with superconducting layer. Since these RE oxides are 100% miscible in each other, pseudocubic lattice parameter of the buffer layers can be modified by changing the ratio of components to perfectly match with any superconducting RE-123. Texture and the microstructure of the buffer layers were studied by XRD, Pole Figure and ESEM.
Low loss diamond SAW devices by small grain size poly-crystalline diamond

We have successfully developed a poly-crystalline diamond film whose grain size is small, which is expected to have a low propagation loss in SAW devices. Using this diamond film, three kinds of narrow band SAW filters of the SiO/sub 2//ZnO/diamond/Si structure were fabricated with the center frequency from 2.5 to 5.0 GHz and the propagation losses in these filters were investigate. It was confirmed that the propagation loss with this diamond film is about two thirds of that with our previously studied diamond film.
An integral-equation method of solving plane diffraction problems

When monochromatic electromagnetic waves with electric and magnetic vectors* Ei, Hi are incident on a perfectly reflecting screen S, the waves are scattered at the surface of the screen. The problem of reflexion and diffraction consists in determining the scattered field Es, Hs, which satisfies the following conditions: (i) it is a solution of Maxwell’s equations ikE = curl H, ikH = — curl E, div E = 0, div H = 0; (ii) on S, (Ei + Es) x N = 0, (Hi + Hs). N = 0, where N is the outward normal unit vector to S ; (iii) it satisfies Sommerfeld's radiation condition at infinity. There is only one field Es, Hs which satisfies these conditions. The simplest form of the radiation condition is to assume that k = p — iq, where p and q are positive and q is small, and to require each field component to vanish at infinity. This corresponds physically to assuming that the medium has a small conductivity. The imaginary part of k can be made zero at the end of the analysis. It is important to note that a field which satisfies the radiation condition and which has no singularity anywhere in space is null.
High signal-to-noise ratio observations of H I in 243 galaxies

The 21 cm spectral-line system of the Arecibo Observatory was used to measure neutral hydrogen emission from 243 faint galaxies. Most lie near the plane of the Local Supercluster. All observations reach an unsmoothed signal-to-noise ratio of at least 7.0; the average for the set is 23. The resulting data are used to estimate H I masses, systemic velocities, and accurate profile widths at 20 percent, 25 percent, 50 percent, and 80 percent of peak intensity levels. The widths are used to calibrate directly the bias introduced by popular data-smoothing operation. The data include observations of 65 objects with previously unknown redshifts. 31 references.