Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Osteocyte Estrogen Receptor β (Ot‐ERβ) Regulates Bone Turnover and Skeletal Adaptive Response to Mechanical Loading Differently in Male and Female Growing and Adult Mice

Age‐related bone loss is a failure of balanced bone turnover and diminished skeletal mechanoadaptation. Estrogen receptors, ERα and ERβ, play critical roles in osteoprotective regulation activated by estrogen and mechanical signals. Previous studies mainly focused on ERα and showed that osteocyte‐ERα (Ot‐ERα) regulated trabecular, but not cortical bone, and played a minor role in load‐induced cortical adaptation. However, the role of Ot‐ERβ in bone mass regulation remains unrevealed. To address this issue, we characterized bone (re)modeling and gene expression in male and female mice with Ot‐ERβ deletion (ERβ‐dOT) and littermate control (LC) at 10 weeks (young) or 28 weeks (adult) of age, as well as their responses to in vivo tibial compressive loading. Increased cancellous bone mass appeared in the L4 vertebral body of young male ERβ‐dOT mice. At the same time, femoral cortical bone gene expression showed signs consistent with elevated osteoblast and osteoclast activities (type‐I collagen, Cat K, RANKL). Upregulated androgen receptor (AR) expression was observed in young male ERβ‐dOT mice relative to LC, suggesting a compensatory effect of testosterone on male bone protection. In contrast, bone mass in L4 decreased in adult male ERβ‐dOT mice, attributed to potentially increased bone resorption activity (Cat K) with no change in bone formation. There was no effect of ERβ‐dOT on bone mass or gene expression in female mice. Sex‐dependent regulation of Ot‐ERβ also appeared in load‐induced cortical responsiveness. Young female ERβ‐dOT mice showed an enhanced tibial cortical anabolic adaptation compared with LC. In contrast, an attenuated cortical anabolic response presented at the proximal tibia in male ERβ‐dOT mice at both ages. For the first time, our findings suggest that Ot‐ERβ regulates bone (re)modeling and the response to mechanical signals through different mechanisms in males and females. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
3D Single-Layer-Dominated Graphene Foam for High-Resolution Strain Sensing and Self-Monitoring Shape Memory Composite.

Flexible intelligent materials are desired to effectively regulate their own deformation and accurately sense their immediate morphology at the same time. Graphene foam is an attractive material for strain sensing and electrical/thermal performance control due to its outstanding mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. However, graphene-foam-based materials with both strain sensing and deformation control capabilities are rarely reported. Here, a multiscale design of graphene foam with a single-layer-graphene-dominated microstructure and resilient 3D network architecture, which leads to exceptional strain sensing performance as well as modulation ability of the electrical and thermal conductivity for shape memory polymers, is reported. The graphene foams exhibit a strain detection limit of 0.033%, a rapid response of 53 ms, long-term stability over 10 000 cycles, significant thermoacoustic effect, and great heat-generation and heat-diffusion ability. By combining these advantages, an electro-activated shape-memory composite that is capable of monitoring its own shape state during its morphing process, is demonstrated.
Metatranscriptomics reveals contrasting effects of elevation on the activity of bacteria and bacterial viruses in soil

Soil microbial diversity affects ecosystem functioning and global biogeochemical cycles. Soil bacterial communities catalyse a diversity of biogeochemical reactions and have thus sparked considerable scientific interest. One driver of bacterial community dynamics in natural ecosystems has so far been largely neglected: the predator–prey interactions between bacterial viruses (bacteriophages) and bacteria. To generate ground level knowledge on environmental drivers of these particular predator–prey dynamics, we propose an activity‐based ecological framework to simultaneous capture community dynamics of bacteria and bacteriophages in soils. An ecological framework and specifically the analyses of community dynamics across latitudinal and elevational gradients have been widely used in ecology to understand community‐wide responses of innumerable taxa to environmental change, in particular to climate. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the activity of bacteria and bacteriophages codeclines across an elevational gradient. We used metatranscriptomics to investigate bacterial and bacteriophage activity patterns at five sites across 400 elevational metres in the Swiss Alps in 2015 and 2017. We found that metabolic activity (transcription levels) of bacteria declined significantly with increasing elevation, but activity of bacteriophages did not. We showed that bacteriophages are consistently active in soil along the entire gradient, making bacteriophage activity patterns divergent from that of their putative bacterial prey. Future efforts will be necessary to link the environment‐activity relationship to predator–prey dynamics, and to understand the magnitude of viral contributions to carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycling when infection causes bacterial cell death, a process that may represent an overlooked component of soil biogeochemical cycles.
Mental Well-Being of Health Care Workers in Vietnam During the Fourth Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic: Impact of COVID-19 Exposure, Anxiety, and Resilience Capacity

This was a cross-sectional survey of 234 Vietnamese HCWs in 2021 (participants description in Supplement 1). We used the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21)1 and the two-question version of the ConnorDavidson Resilience Scale.2 Participants were asked whether they had ever been diagnosed with COVID-19, known of anyone having COVID-19, been under regular COVID-19 testing or compulsory quarantine, and number of COVID-19 patients they encountered. Participants rated the likelihood of them contracting COVID-19, the severity of the disease would be, their worries about personal protection equipment (PPE), the possibility of infecting their family of COVID-19, whether they required more training, and whether they ever experienced discrimination during COVID-19 pandemic. We used multivariable ordinary least squares regression to estimate the associations between predictors and DASS score.
A forward genetic screen in C. elegans identifies conserved residues of spliceosomal proteins PRP8 and SNRNP200/BRR2 with a role in maintaining 5′ splice site identity

Abstract The spliceosome undergoes extensive rearrangements as it assembles onto precursor messenger RNAs. In the earliest assembly step, U1snRNA identifies the 5′ splice site. However, U1snRNA leaves the spliceosome relatively early in assembly, and 5′ splice site identity is subsequently maintained through interactions with U6snRNA, protein factor PRP8, and other components during the rearrangements that build the catalytic site. Using a forward genetic screen in Caenorhabditis elegans, we have identified suppressors of a locomotion defect caused by a 5′ss mutation. Here we report three new suppressor alleles from this screen, two in PRP8 and one in SNRNP200/BRR2. mRNASeq studies of these suppressor strains indicate that they also affect specific native alternative 5′ss, especially for suppressor PRP8 D1549N. A strong suppressor at the unstructured N-terminus of SNRNP200, N18K, indicates a novel role for this region. By examining distinct changes in the splicing of native genes, examining double mutants between suppressors, comparing these new suppressors to previously identified splicing suppressors from yeast, and mapping conserved suppressor residues onto cryoEM structural models of assembling human spliceosomes, we conclude that there are multiple interactions at multiple stages in spliceosome assembly responsible for maintaining the initial 5′ss identified by U1snRNA for entry into the catalytic core.
Spatial consistency in drivers of population dynamics of a declining migratory bird

Abstract Many migratory species are in decline across their geographical ranges. Single‐population studies can provide important insights into drivers at a local scale, but effective conservation requires multi‐population perspectives. This is challenging because relevant data are often hard to consolidate, and state‐of‐the‐art analytical tools are typically tailored to specific datasets. We capitalized on a recent data harmonization initiative (SPI‐Birds) and linked it to a generalized modelling framework to identify the demographic and environmental drivers of large‐scale population decline in migratory pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) breeding across Britain. We implemented a generalized integrated population model (IPM) to estimate age‐specific vital rates, including their dependency on environmental conditions, and total and breeding population size of pied flycatchers using long‐term (34–64 years) monitoring data from seven locations representative of the British breeding range. We then quantified the relative contributions of different vital rates and population structure to changes in short‐ and long‐term population growth rate using transient life table response experiments (LTREs). Substantial covariation in population sizes across breeding locations suggested that change was the result of large‐scale drivers. This was supported by LTRE analyses, which attributed past changes in short‐term population growth rates and long‐term population trends primarily to variation in annual survival and dispersal dynamics, which largely act during migration and/or nonbreeding season. Contributions of variation in local reproductive parameters were small in comparison, despite sensitivity to local temperature and rainfall within the breeding period. We show that both short‐ and long‐term population changes of British breeding pied flycatchers are likely linked to factors acting during migration and in nonbreeding areas, where future research should be prioritized. We illustrate the potential of multi‐population analyses for informing management at (inter)national scales and highlight the importance of data standardization, generalized and accessible analytical tools, and reproducible workflows to achieve them.
Glass transition in systems without static correlations: a microscopic theory

We present a first step toward a microscopic theory for the glass transition in systems with trivial static correlations. As an example we have chosen N infinitely thin hard rods with length L, fixed with their centres on a periodic lattice with lattice constant a. Starting from the N-rod Smoluchowski equation we derive a coupled set of equations for fluctuations of reduced k-rod densities. We approximate the influence of the surrounding rods on the dynamics of a pair of rods by introduction of an effective rotational diffusion tensor D(? 1, ? 2) and in this way we obtain a self-consistent equation for D. This equation exhibits a feedback mechanism leading to a slowing down of the relaxation. It involves as an input the Laplace transform ? 0 (l/r) at z = 0, l = L/a, of a torque? torque correlator of an isolated pair of rods with distance R = ar. Our equation predicts the existence of a continuous ergodicity-breaking transition at a critical length lc = Lc /a. To estimate the critical length we perform an approximate analytical calculation of ? 0 (l/r) based on a variational approach and obtain lcvar ~ = 5.68, 4.84 and 3.96 for an sc, bcc and fcc lattice. We also evaluate ? 0 (l/r) numerically exactly from a two-rod simulation. The latter calculation leads to lcnum ~ = 3.45, 2.78 and 2.20 for the corresponding lattices. Close to lc the rotational diffusion constant decreases as D(l) ~ (lc ? l)? with ? = 1 and a diverging timescale t ~ |lc ? l|? , ? = 2, appears. On this timescale the t- and l-dependence of the one-rod density is determined by a master function depending only on t/t. In contrast to present microscopic theories our approach predicts a glass transition despite the absence of any static correlations.
Fast initialization of a high-fidelity quantum register using optical superlattices

We propose a method for the fast generation of a quantum register of addressable qubits consisting of ultracold atoms stored in an optical lattice. Starting with a half filled lattice we remove every second lattice barrier by adiabatically switching on a superlattice potential which leads to a long wavelength lattice in the Mott insulator state with unit filling. The larger periodicity of the resulting lattice could make individual addressing of the atoms via an external laser feasible. We develop a Bose-Hubbard-like model for describing the dynamics of cold atoms in a lattice when doubling the lattice periodicity via the addition of a superlattice potential. The dynamics of the transition from a half filled to a commensurately filled lattice is analysed numerically with the help of the time evolving block decimation algorithm and analytically using the Kibble–Zurek theory. We show that the timescale for the whole process, i.e. creating the half filled lattice and subsequent doubling of the lattice periodicity, is significantly faster than adiabatic direct quantum-freezing of a superfluid into a Mott insulator for large lattice periods. Our method therefore provides a high-fidelity quantum register of addressable qubits on a fast timescale.
Unravelling early sinus node dysfunction after paediatric cardiac surgery: a pre-existing arrhythmogenic substrate

Abstract Early postoperative sinus node dysfunction (SND) is common in paediatric patients undergoing surgical correction of congenital heart disease (CHD). At present, the pathophysiology of these arrhythmias is incompletely understood. In this case series, we present 3 paediatric patients in whom we performed intraoperative epicardial mapping and who developed early postoperative SND. All patients had either an inferior or multiple sinoatrial node (SAN) exit sites, in addition to extensive conduction disorders at superior and inferior right atrium. Our findings contribute to the hypothesis that pre-existing alterations in SAN exit sites in combination with atrial conduction disorders may predispose paediatric patients with CHD for early postoperative SND. Such insights into the development of arrhythmias are crucial as it may be the first step in identifying high-risk patients.
Awareness of Bladder Cancer Symptoms and Risk Factors in Jordan: A Nationwide Study

Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common urological cancer and the 10th most common form of cancer worldwide, with an estimated 549 000 new cases and 200 000 deaths in 2018.1 In Jordan, it is the fourth most common cancer, with an estimated 537 new cases and 2205 deaths in 2018. There is a lack of literature regarding the degree of bladder cancer awareness. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate how well-informed the Jordanian population is about the disease, its risk factors, and presenting signs and symptoms, as the key to effective management relies on early presentation and diagnosis.
High-order mesh generation on CAD geometries

We present a technique to extend Jacobian-based distortion (quality) measures for planar triangles to high-order isoparametric elements of any interpolation degree on CAD parameterized surfaces. The resulting distortion (quality) measures are expressed in terms of the parametric coordinates of the nodes. These extended distortion (quality) measures can be used to check the quality and validity of a high-order surface mesh. We also apply them to simultaneously smooth and untangle high-order surface meshes by minimizing the extended distortion measure. The minimization is performed in terms of the parametric coordinates of the nodes. Thus, the nodes always lie on the surface. Finally, we include several examples to illustrate the application of the proposed technique.
Some further validations and comparison of the Bearing Area Model (BAM) for adhesion of rough surfaces

In the present short note, we attempt further validations and comparisons of a recent simple model for the estimate for adhesion between elastic (hard) rough solids with Gaussian multiple scales of roughness, BAM (Bearing Area Model) belonging to a DMT class of models. In one case, we use the GJP (Generalized Johnson Parameter) model, which is an empirical fit validated on the same (and so far most extensive) set of data on which BAM was validated, namely that of Pastewka and Robbins. In the second case, we compare with another approximate DMT theory, that of Persson and Scaraggi, which turns out extremely close to the BAM model, despite much more complex: GJP however can lead to significant discrepancies.
Parents of Children With High Weight Are Viewed as Responsible for Child Weight and Thus Stigmatized

Courts in seven U.S. states have removed children with “obesity” from parental custody until children could maintain “healthy weights. ” These rulings—alongside qualitative reports from parents of children with high weight (PoCHs)—suggest that PoCHs are judged as bad parents. Yet little work has tested whether people genuinely stigmatize PoCHs or what drives this phenomenon. In three experiments with U.S. online community participants (N = 1,011; two preregistered), we tested an attribution theory model: Social perceivers attribute children’s weights to parents and thus stigmatize those parents. Experiments 1 and 2 support this model (across parent and child gender). Experiment 3 manipulated attributions of parental responsibility for child weight, revealing attenuated stigma with low attributions of responsibility. Findings are among the first to describe and explain stigma toward a large demographic (parents of children with obesity)—with real-world implications (e.g., for family separation, health care)—and may additionally illuminate the psychology underlying stigma toward parents of children with other potentially stigma-evoking identities.
Neurobiological substrates of the dread of future losses.

When anticipating future losses, people respond by exhibiting 1 of 2 starkly distinct behavioral decision patterns: the dread of future losses (DFL) and the preference of future losses (vs. immediate losses). Yet, how to accurately discriminate between those who exhibit dread vs. preference and uncover the potential neurobiological substrates underlying these 2 groups remain understudied. To address this, we designed a novel experimental task in which the DFL group was defined as selecting immediate-loss options >50% in the trials with approximate subjective value in immediate and delayed options (n = 16), otherwise coding as the preference of future losses (PFL). At the behavioral level, DFL exhibited higher weight for delayed losses than immediate losses via the logistic regression model. At the neural level, DFL manifested hypoactivations on subjective valuations of delayed losses, atypical brain pattern when choosing immediate-loss options, and decreased functional coupling between the valuation and choice-systems when making decisions related to immediate-loss alternatives compared with PFL. Moreover, both these brain activations subserving distinct decision processes and their interactions predicted individual decisions and behavioral preferences. Furthermore, morphological analysis also revealed decreased right precuneus volume in DFL compared with PFL, and brain activations related to valuation and choice process mediated the associations between this region volume and behavioral performances. Taken together, these findings help to clarify potential cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying the DFL and provide a clear discrimination strategy.
Unplanned 30-Day Readmission Rates for Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: Insight from the Nationwide Readmissions Database

Introduction: Among end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients on dialysis with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), relatively little is known about the epidemiology and risk factors for 30-day readmissions in the USA. Therefore, we evaluated the 30-day unplanned readmission rates and predictors and inpatient care costs among ESKD patients with and without ADPKD using a nationally representative, all-payer database. Methods: We utilized the Nationwide Readmissions Database from 2013 to 2018 to identify patients admitted for ESKD on dialysis with and without ADPKD using ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes. The primary outcome was a 30-day, unplanned readmission rate. Secondary outcomes were readmission reasons and timing, mortality, cost of hospitalization and rehospitalization, and adjusted predictors of readmissions. We used χ2 tests, t tests, and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests for descriptive analyses and survey logistic regression to calculate adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for associations with readmissions adjusting for confounders. Results: From 2013 to 2018, in a cohort of 1,404,144 hospitalizations with ESKD on dialysis as the primary and secondary diagnosis on index admission, there were 8,213 (0.58%) patients with ADPKD and 1,395,932 patients without ADPKD. Those who had ADPKD during index admissions had fewer 30 days readmissions (18.8 vs. 23.8%, p < 0.0001). The cost of hospitalizations and readmissions in ESKD on-dialysis patients with ADPKD was higher than non-ADPKD patients. Compared to ESKD patients without ADPKD who were readmitted, readmitted ADPKD patients were more likely to be younger with a lower Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (ECI) score; have received kidney transplant, lower source of income, elective index admissions, private insurance; and be discharged routinely, admitted in hospitals with larger bed size, in teaching hospitals, and less likely to get admitted through the emergency department. Younger age (<75 years), higher ECI score, longer length of stay, Medicare and Medicaid insurance, self-pay, discharge to a short-term hospital, specialized care, home health care, and against medical advice were associated with significantly increased odds of readmission. ADPKD patients were 31% less likely to get readmitted and 43% less likely to die during readmissions. Discussion/Conclusion: Nationwide, ESKD on-dialysis patients with ADPKD were less likely to have 30-day readmission than patients without ADPKD. Inpatient mortality during readmissions in patients admitted with ESKD on dialysis was lower with ADPKD as compared to those without ADPKD at the cost of higher health care expenses.
Dynamical evolution of triple-star systems by Lidov–Kozai cycles and tidal friction

Many triple-star systems have an inner pair with an orbital period of a few days only. A common mechanism to explain the short-period pile-up present in the observations is the migration through Lidov-Kozai cycles combined with tidal friction. Here, we revisit this mechanism and aim to determine the initial orbital configurations leading to this process. We show that the mutual inclination of the triple-star system is not the only critical parameter, since the eccentricity as well as the argument of the pericenter of the inner orbit also play an important role in the establishment of the Lidov-Kozai migration. Our framework is the secular hierarchical three-body problem (octupole order approximation) with general relativity corrections, including the effects of tides, stellar oblateness and magnetic spin-down braking. Both the orbital and the spin evolutions are considered. Extensive numerical simulations with uniform and non-uniform distributions of the initial orbital parameters are carried out, and unbiased initial conditions leading to Lidov-Kozai migration are revealed. Finally, we highlight the importance of the initial "Kozai constant" $h=\sqrt{(1-e^2)}\cos{i}$ in the dynamical evolution of triple-star systems, by showing that phase portraits at given $h$-values unveil different evolution paths.