Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Immersion and Presence in the Metaverse with Over-the-Air Brain-Computer Interface

This article proposes a novel framework that utilizes an over-the-air Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) to learn Metaverse users' expectations. By interpreting users' brain activities, our framework can help to optimize physical resources and enhance Quality-of-Experience (QoE) for users. To achieve this, we leverage a Wireless Edge Server (WES) to process electroencephalography (EEG) signals via uplink wireless channels, thus eliminating the computational burden for Metaverse users' devices. As a result, the WES can learn human behaviors, adapt system configurations, and allocate radio resources to tailor personalized user settings. Despite the potential of BCI, the inherent noisy wireless channels and uncertainty of the EEG signals make the related resource allocation and learning problems especially challenging. We formulate the joint learning and resource allocation problem as mixed integer programming problem. Our solution involves two algorithms that are a hybrid learning algorithm and a meta-learning algorithm. The hybrid learning algorithm can effectively find the solution for the formulated problem. Specifically, the meta-learning algorithm can further exploit the neurodiversity of the EEG signals across multiple users, leading to higher classification accuracy. Extensive simulation results with real-world BCI datasets show the effectiveness of our framework with low latency and high EEG signal classification accuracy.
Learning Complex Motion Plans using Neural ODEs with Safety and Stability Guarantees

We propose a Dynamical System (DS) approach to learn complex, possibly periodic motion plans from kinesthetic demonstrations using Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (NODE). To ensure reactivity and robustness to disturbances, we propose a novel approach that selects a target point at each time step for the robot to follow, by combining tools from control theory and the target trajectory generated by the learned NODE. A correction term to the NODE model is computed online by solving a quadratic program that guarantees stability and safety using control Lyapunov functions and control barrier functions, respectively. Our approach outperforms baseline DS learning techniques on the LASA handwriting dataset and complex periodic trajectories. It is also validated on the Franka Emika robot arm to produce stable motions for wiping and stirring tasks that do not have a single attractor, while being robust to perturbations and safe around humans and obstacles.
Self-organization in Slovenian public spending

Private businesses are often entrusted with public contracts, wherein public money is allocated to a private company. This process raises concerns about transparency, even in the most developed democracies. But are there any regularities guiding this process? Do all private companies benefit equally from the state budgets? Here, we tackle these questions focusing on the case of Slovenia, which keeps excellent records of this kind of public spending. We examine a dataset detailing every transfer of public money to the private sector from January 2003 to May 2020. During this time, Slovenia has conducted business with no less than 248 989 private companies. We find that the cumulative distribution of money received per company can be reasonably well explained by a power-law or lognormal fit. We also show evidence for the first-mover advantage, and determine that companies receive new funding in a way that is roughly linear over time. These results indicate that, despite all human factors involved, Slovenian public spending is at least to some extent regulated by emergent self-organizing principles.
Paternity data reveal high MHC diversity among sires in a polygynandrous, egalitarian primate

Evidence from human and nonhuman primates suggests that females avoid breeding with close kin and may choose mates based on MHC diversity, which can improve offspring survival. In despotic societies, female mate choice may be hindered by male sexual coercion, but in egalitarian societies, females may be less constrained. Among northern muriquis—an egalitarian, polygynandrous primate with male philopatry—analyses of new data on paternity and variation at microsatellite and MHC loci, combined with behavioural and life-history data, revealed that sires showed higher MHC diversity than expected by chance and were never close kin of dams, consistent with predictions of female mate choice and close inbreeding avoidance. However, females did not differentially reproduce with males who were more distantly related to them or more dissimilar at the MHC than expected by chance, nor with those who had more MHC alleles distinct from their own. The lack of male dominance may permit females to identify and reproduce preferentially with non-offspring males and with males who are more diverse at the MHC. Nonetheless, the absence of disassortative mating at the MHC and neutral loci suggests that female mate choice may be limited by other factors impacting male fertilization success.
Extinction in stochastic predator-prey population model with Allee effect on prey

This paper presents the analysis of the conditions which lead the stochastic predator-prey model with Allee effect on prey population to extinction. In order to find these conditions we first prove the existence and uniqueness of global positive solution of considered model using the comparison theorem for stochastic differential equations. Then, we establish the conditions under which extinction of predator and prey populations occur. We also find the conditions for parameters of the model under which the solution of the system is globally attractive in mean. Finally, the numerical illustration with real life example is carried out to confirm our theoretical results.
A New Mathematical Model Concept and Challenges in relation to the Layout of Cluster Manifolds

The cluster manifold becomes an essential part in a subsea production system, which can gather the production fluid from subsea wells and distribute water, gas and chemical agents from the floating production system to each subsea well. On account of its advantages such as a small initial investment, being installed before arrival of floating platforms, and optimizing the layout of the subsea production system, the manifold system has been widely used in the development of ultra-deepwater oil and gas fields. But many factors affect the layout design of cluster manifold. In addition, due to the particularity of deepwater target reservoir, uncertainty of project construction, and oil company short and long term marketing strategy etc., the engineers’ rich experiences are highly demanded in the layout of cluster manifolds. In this paper, a new mathematical model concept is presented and the mathematical models for the layout of cluster manifold are roughly proposed. Meanwhile, the challenges in relation to the partition problem of subsea wells and the connection paths between subsea facilities are analyzed. The optimization layout of cluster manifold using the mathematical model is an exploratory attempt, which can provide a quantized reference to the engineers for the evaluation of the optimal scenario. Keywords-subsea production system; cluster manifolds; optimization concept; challenges
Investigation of the effects of end faces design on parameters of cycloidal rotor

The paper is devoted to a numerical study of the characteristics of a cycloidal rotor depending on its construction features. It is established that the 2D simulation does not adequately resolve the investigated problem. This is connected with the complex three-dimensional structure of the flow formed by rotor. The 3D calculations allow detecting sucking in airflows into the end faces of rotor. This requires studying the effect of the end faces construction. Two rotor geometry options with open and closed end faces are considered. The significant dependence of formed flow structure behind the rotor, rotor thrust, and energy characteristics depending on the design of its end faces is established.
Tyre–road friction μ-estimation based on braking force distribution

In this work, we develop a rules-based µ-estimation algorithm which is independent of any tyre model and may be employed independently by brake control systems of the vehicle. The algorithm proposed herein aims at estimating the tyre/road friction coefficient during braking, in particular when one or more of the tyres approach the limit of adhesion. The proposed algorithm avoids the use of any particular tyre model and the need to identify several parameters of such models. It uses measurements of variables that are typically available in modern vehicles, namely, vehicle demanded and actual deceleration and wheel angular velocity, as well as the brake force distribution applied by the brake system. The algorithm is validated through implementation in high-fidelity vehicle dynamics simulation and by experimental data collected during experiments with a brake-by-wire electric vehicle.
Perturbation resilience and superiorization methodology of averaged mappings

We first prove the bounded perturbation resilience for the successive fixed point algorithm of averaged mappings, which extends the string-averaging projection and block-iterative projection methods. We then apply the superiorization methodology to a constrained convex minimization problem where the constraint set is the intersection of fixed point sets of a finite family of averaged mappings.
Rational Inattention and Sequential Information Sampling

We propose a new principle for measuring the cost of information structures in rational inattention problems, based on the cost of generating the information used to make a decision through a dynamic evidence accumulation process. We introduce a continuous-time model of sequential information sampling, and show that, in a broad class of cases, the choice frequencies resulting from optimal information accumulation are the same as those implied by a static rational inattention problem with a particular static information-cost function. Among the static cost functions that can be justified in this way is the mutual information cost function proposed by Sims (2010), but we show that other cost functions can be micro-founded in this way as well. In particular, we introduce a class of “neighborhood-based” cost functions, which make it more costly to undertake experiments that can produce different results in similar states, and show that the predictions of this alternative rational inattention theory better conform with evidence from perceptual discrimination experiments.
Supersaturation Fluctuations during the Early Stage of Cumulus Formation

AbstractOn time scales that are long compared to the phase relaxation time, a quasi-steady supersaturation sqs is expected to exist in clouds. On shorter time scales, however, turbulent fluctuations of temperature and water vapor concentration should generate fluctuations in supersaturation. The variability of temperature, water vapor, and supersaturation has been measured in situ with submeter resolution in warm, continental, shallow cumulus clouds. Several cumuli with horizontal extents of order 100 m were sampled during their first appearance and development to depths of ~100 m in a growing boundary layer. Fluctuations of the saturation ratio are observed to be approximately normally distributed with standard deviations on the order of 1%. This variability is almost one order of magnitude larger than sqs calculated using simultaneous measurements of the vertical velocity component and the droplet size distribution. It is argued that, depending on the ratio of the phase relaxation and the turbulent mixi.
Bei der Osteogenesis imperfecta keine Marknagelungen und insbesondere keine Verplattungen im Kindesalter!

Der Titel der Arbeit klingt provozierend. Ist die Mahnung unberechtigt? Wie kam es zur übermäßigen Ausweitung der Operationsindikationen bei der Osteogenesis imperfecta (O.I.)? Die operative Frakturbehandlung an sich gesunder Knochen hat infolge ihres hohen Standards manche konservativen Methoden in den vergangenen Jahren zurückgedrängt. Eine ähnliche Entwicklung erleben wir zur Zeit bei der Behandlung erkrankter Knochen, insbesondere bei der O. 1. , nachdem Sofield und Mitarb. in ihrer klassischen Arbeit 1959 die "Fragmentierung" verkrümmter Schaftknochen und ihre Stabilisierung mit Hilfe intramedullärer Nägel empfohlen hatten. Die Autoren brachten auch das Bild einer Verplattung und Verschraubung eines langen Röhrenknochens mit der kommentarlosen Bemerkung, daß sie diese Methode wieder aufgegeben hätten. Schon früher waren vereinzelt Osteotomien, Drahtfixierungen, Transplantationen ganzer Schaftknochen wie auch Spananlagerungen vorgenommen worden. Nunmehr wurden aber in schöner Übereinstimmung mit dem Zeitgeist die üblichen hochentwickelten Grundsätze der Frakturbehandlung mit Nagel und Platte auch auf die Therapie der O. I. bei Kindern mehr oder weniger bedenkenlos übertragen. Die Mitteilungen der Literatur klingen, von verschwindenden Ausnahmen abgesehen, bis in die jüngste Zeit hinein recht optimistisch (Lindemann, 1960; Mirbaha, 1966; Raisch und Strauss, 1968; Schweickart und Mitarb., 1969; King und Bobechko, 1971; Mau, 1971; Reichelt, 1973; Tiley und Albright, 1973; Mann und Mitarb., 1976; [ani und Ganz, 1977; Münzenberg, 1977; Finkbeiner und Heretsch, 1981; u. a.). Besonders hervorzuheben sind die Ausführungen von Tiley und Albright. Wenn man davon absieht, daß allgemein Fehlergebnisse wesentlich seltener als Erfolge veröffentlicht werden, so sind in der Tat die publizierten vorläufigen Resultate nach Monaten und 1 bis höchstens 2 Jahren selbst bei Kindern fast durchweg bestechend; danach beginnen jedoch erst die
The Use of Robotic Apparatus For Studying Propulsion Performance And Fluid Mechanism of Undulatory Fish Locomotion

Fish swimming results from a complex dynamic balance between drag and thrust force. To better understand the thrust performance and the fluid mechanism of undulatory fish swimming, a biorobotic model that mimic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) was developed. The robotic fish model have been used to investigate the hydrodynamic performance as a function of several principal controllable kinetic parameters: Stouhal number (St), undulatory amplitude (h), body undulatory wavelength (λ) and the caudal fin pitch angle (θ). For each combination of these kinetic parameters, there is a critical self-propulsion towing speed, which was not preset but defined as the threshold value at which the mean net force, measured on the robotic model, becomes zero. We simultaneously measured the power consumption, self-propulsion speed, and wake structure of the robotic swimmer under condition of the self-propulsion. Furthermore, the thrust efficiency was estimated using the vortex dynamic model based on Digital Particle Image Velocimetry (DPIV) technique. Primary experimental results indicated that both the caudal fin pitch angle and the Strouhal number had a significant impact on the propulsion performance and the wake structure. A wedge-like 2P wake structure was observed for most of the kinetic parameter combinations. Although the typical reverse Karman wake structure is commonly observed in many flow visualization tests of the live fishes, it only emerged within the results of a narrow range of robotic caudal fin pitch angles in current experiment, occurring concurrently with enhanced thrust efficiency.
Probe chameleon dark energy with the coupling between a levitated nanodiamond and the single-spin

The chameleon scalar field is a dark energy candidate with the screening mechanism. In the present article we provide a spectral scheme to search the chameleon field between an optically levitated nanodiamond with a nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center and a silicon microsphere. The results show that a large optical nonlinear effect with ultranarrow bandwidth can be induced by the coupling of single spin and the levitated resonator. We find that the oscillator will present a distinct shift due to the chameleons, and the shift can be read out on the probe spectrum. Considering the noise limit, this constraint is about 2–3 orders of magnitude stronger than the ones from atom interferometry under the ultralow pressure. We expect this technique will become a valuable tool in optimizing future searches for chameleon fields and related theories.
Define, measure, repeat : an application of the iterative measurement-theory link to distinct positive emotions

Social and personality psychologists strive toward theory advancement—or the derivation of truthful and applicable statements about human behavior—while often neglecting the methods that support those theoretical conclusions. In Chapter 1 of this dissertation, I discuss a two-stage process outlining how researchers’ measurement decisions are inextricably linked to the theoretical conclusions drawn from individual studies. Stage 1 involves formulating an initial definition and measurement tool for a construct, and Stage 2 involves placing this construct within a nomological network of other constructs. Stage 2 is typically followed by iteration back to Stage 1, when the construct is re-formulated based on the findings from Stage 2. In Chapters 2 and 3, I use this two-stage process as a lens through which to analyze individual constructs of humility and happiness, describing research that constitutes a second iteration through Stage 1 of the measurement-theory cycle. In Chapter 2, I propose a revised definition of humility, showing that humility consists of two dimensions (appreciative and self-abasing humility), whereas prior formulations have measured only one dimension mirroring appreciative humility. In Chapter 3, I propose a revised definition of happiness in the context of discretionary spending on experiential and material purchases, demonstrating that explicitly measuring momentary happiness portrays material things in a more favorable light than has prior work which has measured afterglow happiness. In Chapter 4, I use the two-stage process as a lens through which to analyze the field of subjectively experienced distinct positive emotions, describing research that constitutes a second iteration through Stage 1 of the measurement-theory cycle and a second foray into Stage 2. Specifically, I construct bottom-up definitions and measurement tools for each positive emotion currently studied in the literature based on lay experience, and present the interrelations among these emotions. In Chapter 5, I reflect on lessons learned by comparing a wide range of
Die Rezidivhäufigkeit von intra- und extraläsional operierten Metastasen langer Röhrenknochen

Anhand eines Kollektivs von 54 Pat ienten mit 76 o peri erten Mammaund Nier en carcinommetastasen wurde d ie Rezidivh äufigkeit na ch chirurgisch intraund extraläsionalern (marginal, weit, radikal ) Vorgehen üb erprüft. 57 Operationen waren intraläsional , bei 19 wurde eine Resektion im G esunden vo rge no mme n. Die Rezidivhäufigkeit betrug bei intraläs ionaler Oper ati on 50,8%, bei extral äsional er hingegen nur 15% (p < 0,007). Die Schmerzlinderung durch die Op eration war in beiden Gruppen gleich. Der postoperative Bewegungsumfang brachte jedoch in der Rese ktio ns gruppe schlech tere Ergebnisse. Eine Beeinflus sung der Grundkrankheit in Hinblick auf die we itere Metasta sierung konnte nicht nachgewiesen we rden.
DMI Interaction and Domain Evolution in Magnetic Heterostructures with Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy

My thesis is dedicated to the study of the magnetic interactions and magnetization reversal dynamics in ferromagnetic heterostructures with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA). Two related projects will be included: 1) investigating interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) in multilayer structures; 2) controlled stripe domain growth in PMA heterostructures. Magneto Optic Kerr Effect microscopy and magnetometry techniques along with vibrating sample magnetometry were used to investigate these phenomena. The CoPt bi-layer system is a well-known PMA material system exhibiting DMI. However, films with many CoPt bi-layers are known as having zero effective DMI due to its inversion symmetry. I focused my research on CoNiPt tri-layer heterostructures with broken inversion symmetry. In my project, the interfacial DMI as a function of the number of CoNiPt trilayers in multilayered films was investigated and non-zero DMI in this constructed “bulk” magnetic materials were observed. For the project of stripe domain manipulation, the CoNi bilayer system with PMA was studied. CoNi “bulk” multilayered materials with PMA allow for controlled direction of stripe domain growth. The formation of variable angle domain intersection segments is comprised of the stripe domains. INDEX WORDS: PMA, DMI, MOKE, Multilayers, Domains, Domain walls DMI INTERACTION AND DOMAIN EVOLUTION IN MAGNETIC HETEROSTRUCTURES WITH PERPENDICULAR MAGNETIC ANISOTROPY
Consistency of stochastic approximation algorithm with quasi-associated random errors

ABSTRACT Many mathematical and physical problems are led to find a root of a real function f. This kind of equation is an inverse problem and it is difficult to solve it. Especially in engineering sciences, the analytical expression of the function f is unknown to the experimenter, but it can be measured at each point xk with M(xk) as expected value and induced error ξk. The aim is to approximate the unique root θ under some assumptions on the function f and errors ξk. We use a stochastic approximation algorithm that constructs a sequence (xk)k ⩾ 1. We establish the almost complete convergence of the sequence (xk)k to the exact root θ by considering the errors (ξk)k quasi-associated and we illustrate the method by numerical examples to show its efficiency.
Learning flat optics for extended depth of field microscopy imaging

Abstract Conventional microscopy systems have limited depth of field, which often necessitates depth scanning techniques hindered by light scattering. Various techniques have been developed to address this challenge, but they have limited extended depth of field (EDOF) capabilities. To overcome this challenge, this study proposes an end-to-end optimization framework for building a computational EDOF microscope that combines a 4f microscopy optical setup incorporating learned optics at the Fourier plane and a post-processing deblurring neural network. Utilizing the end-to-end differentiable model, we present a systematic design methodology for computational EDOF microscopy based on the specific visualization requirements of the sample under examination. In particular, we demonstrate that the metasurface optics provides key advantages for extreme EDOF imaging conditions, where the extended DOF range is well beyond what is demonstrated in state of the art, achieving superior EDOF performance.
COMPONENT PROPERTIES OF FORGETTING AND PROGRESSION IN THE SITUATION CALCULUS

In many tasks related to reasoning about consequences of a logical theory, it is desirable to decompose the theory into a number of weakly-related or independent components. However, a theory may represent knowledge that is subject to change due to execution of actions that have effects on some properties mentioned in the theory. Having once computed a decomposition of a theory, one would like to know whether a decomposition has to be computed again in the theory obtained from taking into account changes resulting from execution of an action. In the paper, we address this problem in the scope of the situation calculus, where a change of an initial theory is related to the notion of progression. We undertake a study of the decomposability and inseparability properties known from the literature. We contribute by studying these properties wrt progression and the related notion of forgetting. We provide negative examples and identify cases when these properties are preserved under progression of initial theories and under forgetting in local–effect basic action theories of the situation calculus.