Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Symmetry-protected coherent transport for diluted vacancies and adatoms in graphene

We study the effects of a low concentration of adatoms or single vacancies in the linear\char21{}response transport properties of otherwise clean graphene. These impurities were treated as localized orbitals, and for each type two cases with distinct coupling symmetries were studied. For adatoms, we considered top- and hollow-site adsorbates (TOP and HS). For vacancies, we studied impurity formation by soft bond reconstruction (REC), as well as the more symmetric case of charge accumulation in unreconstructed vacancies (VAC). Our results indicate that the transport is determined by usual impurity scattering when the graphene-impurity coupling does not possess ${C}_{3v}$ symmetry (TOP and REC). In contrast, VAC impurities decouple from the electronic states at the Dirac points, and yield no contribution to the resistivity for a sample in charge neutrality. Furthermore, the inversion-symmetry-conserving HS impurities also decouple from entire sets of momenta throughout the Brillouin zone, and do not contribute to the resistivity within a broad range of parameters. These behaviors are protected by ${C}_{3v}$ and inversion symmetry, respectively, and persist for more general impurity models.
Fragmented many-body states of definite angular momentum and stability of attractive three-dimensional condensates

A three dimensional attractive Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC) is expected to collapse, when the number of the particles $N$ in the ground state or the interaction strength $\lambda_0$ exceeds a critical value. We study systems of different particle numbers and interaction strength and find that even if the overall ground state is collapsed there is a plethora of fragmented excited states that are still in the metastable region. Utilizing the \emph{configuration interaction} expansion we determine the spectrum of the ground (`yrast') and excited many-body states with definite total angular momentum quantum numbers $0\leqslant L\leqslant N$ and $-L\leqslant M_L\leqslant L$, and we find and examine states that survive the collapse. This opens up the possibility of realizing a metastable system with overcritical numbers of bosons in a ground state with angular momentum $L\neq0$. The multi-orbital mean-field theory predictions about the existence of fragmented metastable states with overcritical numbers of bosons are verified and elucidated at the many-body level. The descriptions of the total angular momentum within the mean-field and the many-body approaches are compared.
Protection of Numerical Information Based on Permutations

The article solves the problem of protecting decimal numbers used in systems of information transmission, processing and storage from unauthorized access with simultaneous correction of single errors in them and detection of error bursts. To protect the decimal number, each of its digits is first converted to a binary-decimal digit, and then, using a special table, into a binary-coded permutation. After that, the digits of the decimal number themselves are mixed. The paper gives estimates of the level of secrecy of decimal numbers encoded in this way. Since each digit of a decimal number can contain one of 10 digits, 10 permutations are required to encode them. To obtain them, at least 4 elements 0, 1, 2, 3 are required. They form 24 permutations, of which 14 are redundant. Specially selected 10 binary-coded permutations out of 24 form a binary-coded permutation code with a minimum code distance equal to 4. This allows correction of any single error and detection of double errors on the set of permutations.
Computers, Programming and Dynamic General Equilibrium Macroeconomic Modeling

Dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models nowadays undertake the bulk of macroeconomic analysis. Their widespread use during the last 40 years reflects their usefulness as a scientific laboratory in which to study the aggregate economy and its responses to different shocks, to carry out counterfactual experiments and to perform policy evaluation. A key characteristic of DSGE models is that their computation is numerical and requires intensive computational power and the handling of numerical methods. In fact, the main advances in macroeconomic modeling since the 1980s have been possible only because of the increasing computational power of computers, which has supported the expansion of DSGE models as more and more accurate reproductions of the actual economy, thus becoming the prevailing modeling strategy and the dominant paradigm in contemporaneous macroeconomics. Along with DSGE models, specific computer languages have been developed to facilitate simulations, estimations and comparisons of the aggregate economies represented by DSGE models. Knowledge of these languages, together with expertise in programming and computers, has become an essential part of the profession for macroeconomists at both the academic and the professional level.
QUALITATIVE INTERPRETATION OF GALAXY SPECTRA

We describe a simple step-by-step guide to qualitative interpretation of galaxy spectra. Rather than an alternative to existing automated tools, it is put forward as an instrument for quick-look analysis and for gaining physical insight when interpreting the outputs provided by automated tools. Though the recipe is for general application, it was developed for understanding the nature of the Automatic Spectroscopic K-means-based (ASK) template spectra. They resulted from the classification of all the galaxy spectra in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey data release 7, thus being a comprehensive representation of the galaxy spectra in the local universe. Using the recipe, we give a description of the properties of the gas and the stars that characterize the ASK classes, from those corresponding to passively evolving galaxies, to H ii galaxies undergoing a galaxy-wide starburst. The qualitative analysis is found to be in excellent agreement with quantitative analyses of the same spectra. We compare the mean ages of the stellar populations with those inferred using the code starlight. We also examine the estimated gas-phase metallicity with the metallicities obtained using electron-temperature-based methods. A number of byproducts follow from the analysis. There is a tight correlation between the age of the stellar population and the metallicity of the gas, which is stronger than the correlations between galaxy mass and stellar age, and galaxy mass and gas metallicity. The galaxy spectra are known to follow a one-dimensional sequence, and we identify the luminosity-weighted mean stellar age as the affine parameter that describes the sequence. All ASK classes happen to have a significant fraction of old stars, although spectrum-wise they are outshined by the youngest populations. Old stars are metal-rich or metal-poor depending on whether they reside in passive galaxies or in star-forming galaxies.
Is Domestic Value Addition a Source of Export Sophistication? A Case Study

[ Abstract : An implication of a globally fragmented production system is that countries which assemble and export high-tech products could reflect a sophisticated export structure while generating low domestic value-added component. Therefore, understanding the relationship between domestic value-added component in export, and the export sophistication of a country would be helpful in assessing if the country indeed achieved a quality improvement through indigenous attempts. However, for countries with export competitiveness essentially on grounds of cheap and abundant labour, rather than technological advantage, there is a significant disincentive to invest in innovation and R&D. This could possibly the case for India, motivating the investigation. Results show that exports of sophisticated products, which also belong to the high- technology segment, are paired with low indigenous contribution in the product manufacture. The subscription to imports for exporting high-tech products reflects upon the deficient domestic R&D needed to bolster innovative practices such as product design and engineering. There needs to be a conscious effort to indulge in production stages characterized by high domestic value addition content. ]
Bio-Electrochemical Performance of a Ceramic Microbial Fuel Cell Treating Kitchen Waste Leachate: Effect of Organic Loading Rate and Anode Electrode Surface Area

Performance evaluation of a ceramic microbial fuel cell (CMFC) by varying organic strength, hydraulic retention time (HRT) and anode electrode surface area (AESA) to treat leachate generated from acidogenesis of kitchen waste (KW) was studied by the central composite design of experiment. The increase in organic loading rate (OLR) positively affected power density (PD) while negatively influencing organic removal and coulombic efficiency (CE). This behavior is possible due to substrate inhibition and the coercive effect of low HRT, i.e., substrate washout, biofilm abrasion, and reduced contact period, while at high HRT, the volatile fatty acid (VFA) degradation improved. Since acetic acid is the final product of long-chain VFAs degradation, a pseudo consumption order for VFAs was obtained: butyric > propionic > acetic. The AESA aided organics removal and PD but had a negligible effect on CE. According to ANOVA, the COD removal was linearly modeled, while PD and CE were quadratic. The validation runs (VR) proved efficient as the highest COD removal was for VR2 (83.7 ± 3.6%), while maximum PD and CE values obtained were 0.224 ± 0.02 W/m3 and 2.62 ± 0.33%, respectively, for VR3, supported by the lower anode potential.
Genetic variability and genotype by environment interaction of two major cassava processed products in multi-environments

Conversion of cassava (Manihot esculenta) roots to processed products such as gari and fufu before consumption is a common practice worldwide by cassava end-user for detoxification, prolonged shelf life or profitability. Fresh root and processed product yield are supposed to be equivalent for each genotype, however, that is not the case. Developing genotypes with high product conversion rate is an important breeding goal in cassava as it drives the adoption rates of new varieties. The objective of this study was to quantify the contribution of genetic and genotype-by-environment interaction (GEI) patterns on cassava root conversion rate to gari and fufu. Sixty-seven advanced breeding genotypes from the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) were evaluated across eight environments in Nigeria. Root conversion rate means across trials ranges from 14.72 to 22.76% for gari% and 16.96–24.24% for fufu%. Heritability estimates range from 0.17 to 0.74 for trial bases and 0.71 overall environment for gari% and 0.03–0.65 for trial bases and 0.72 overall environment for fufu% which implies that genetic improvement can be made on these traits. Root conversion rate for both gari and fufu% showed a negative but insignificant correlation with fresh root yield and significant positive correlation to Dry Matter content. For all fitted models, environment and interaction had explained more of the phenotypic variation observed among genotypes for both product conversion rates showing the presence of a strong GEI. Wrickle ecovalence (Wi) stability analysis and Geometric Adaptability index (GAI) identified G40 (TMS14F1285P0006) as part of top 5 genotypes for gari% but no overlapping genotype was identified by both stability analysis for fufu%. This genotypic performance across environments suggests that it is possible to have genotype with dual-purpose for high gari and fufu conversion rate.
CT-derived vessel segmentation for analysis of post-radiation therapy changes in vasculature and perfusion

Vessel segmentation in the lung is an ongoing challenge. While many methods have been able to successfully identify vessels in normal, healthy, lungs, these methods struggle in the presence of abnormalities. Following radiotherapy, these methods tend to identify regions of radiographic change due to post-radiation therapytoxicities as vasculature falsely. By combining texture analysis and existing vasculature and masking techniques, we have developed a novel vasculature segmentation workflow that improves specificity in irradiated lung while preserving the sensitivity of detection in the rest of the lung. Furthermore, radiation dose has been shown to cause vascular injury as well as reduce pulmonary function post-RT. This work shows the improvements our novel vascular segmentation method provides relative to existing methods. Additionally, we use this workflow to show a dose dependent radiation-induced change in vasculature which is correlated with previously measured perfusion changes (R 2 = 0.72) in both directly irradiated and indirectly damaged regions of perfusion. These results present an opportunity to extend non-contrast CT-derived models of functional change following radiation therapy.
Effect of summer cover crops on cabbage yield, weed suppression, and N mineralization in a low input cropping system

Summer cover crops (SCCs) provide valuable agroecosystem services to growers using spring and autumn vegetable crop rotations. Choosing the right SCCs to maximize agroecosystem services and fit growers' interests is challenging due to the wide array of SCC functions and one benefit may come at the cost of another (i.e., a tradeoff). In particular, fast-growing grasses may produce greater SCC biomass but may immobilize plant-available N needed by the autumn vegetable crop. We conducted a field study in Ames, Iowa US to compare agroecosystem services – weed suppression, autumn cabbage yield, soil nutrients, and net nitrogen (N) mineralization of eight SCC species over 2 years. Cover crop species were grown for an average of 55 days and included: brown top millet (Panicum ramosum L., BTM), buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench, “Mancan”, BW), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L). Walp. , “Iron and Clay”, CP), flax (Linum usitassimum L. “Golden”, GF), mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek, MB), sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea L., SH), sorghum sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench x Sorghum sudanense Piper Staph. “Sorgrow BMR Dwarf”, SS), and Teff grass (Eragrostis tef (Zuccagni) “Selam”, TEF), and a no-SCC control (NCC) treatment. The range of mean cover crop biomass was 0.8 (cowpea) to 7.5 (teff grass) Mg ha−1. There was a strong, negative correlation between SCC biomass and weed biomass (R2 = 0.83). Low biomass producing legumes resulted in greater weed biomass, but 34–58% greater cabbage yield in one of two experimental years. Ion exchange membranes (IEMs) were not able to capture differences in total net N mineralization among SCC treatments however, soil inorganic N was greater under legume SCCs at SCC termination. We show there are tradeoffs when choosing SCCs between weed suppression and net N mineralization and that the environmental conditions, i.e., climate, regulate whether these tradeoffs favor greater vegetable crop yields.
Mechanotransduction in skin wound healing and scar formation: Potential therapeutic targets for controlling hypertrophic scarring

Hypertrophic scarring (HTS) is a major source of morbidity after cutaneous injury. Recent studies indicate that mechanical force significantly impacts wound healing and skin regeneration which opens up a new direction to combat scarring. Hence, a thorough understanding of the underlying mechanisms is essential in the development of efficacious scar therapeutics. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of the mechanotransduction signaling pathways in scar formation and some strategies that offload mechanical forces in the wounded region for scar prevention and treatment.
Auditory attentional load modulates the temporal dynamics of audiovisual integration in older adults: An ERPs study

As older adults experience degenerations in perceptual ability, it is important to gain perception from audiovisual integration. Due to attending to one or more auditory stimuli, performing other tasks is a common challenge for older adults in everyday life. Therefore, it is necessary to probe the effects of auditory attentional load on audiovisual integration in older adults. The present study used event-related potentials (ERPs) and a dual-task paradigm [Go / No-go task + rapid serial auditory presentation (RSAP) task] to investigate the temporal dynamics of audiovisual integration. Behavioral results showed that both older and younger adults responded faster and with higher accuracy to audiovisual stimuli than to either visual or auditory stimuli alone. ERPs revealed weaker audiovisual integration under the no-attentional auditory load condition at the earlier processing stages and, conversely, stronger integration in the late stages. Moreover, audiovisual integration was greater in older adults than in younger adults at the following time intervals: 60–90, 140–210, and 430–530 ms. Notably, only under the low load condition in the time interval of 140–210 ms, we did find that the audiovisual integration of older adults was significantly greater than that of younger adults. These results delineate the temporal dynamics of the interactions with auditory attentional load and audiovisual integration in aging, suggesting that modulation of auditory attentional load affects audiovisual integration, enhancing it in older adults.
Characterization of pediatric brain tumors using pre-diagnostic neuroimaging

Purpose To evaluate for predictive neuroimaging features of pediatric brain tumor development and quantify tumor growth characteristics in patients who had neuroimaging performed prior to a diagnosis of a brain tumor. Methods Retrospective review of 1098 consecutive pediatric patients at a single institution with newly diagnosed brain tumors from January 2009 to October 2021 was performed to identify patients with neuroimaging prior to the diagnosis of a brain tumor. Pre-diagnostic and diagnostic neuroimaging features (e.g., tumor size, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values), clinical presentations, and neuropathology were recorded in those patients who had neuroimaging performed prior to a brain tumor diagnosis. High- and low-grade tumor sizes were fit to linear and exponential growth regression models. Results Fourteen of 1098 patients (1%) had neuroimaging prior to diagnosis of a brain tumor (8 females, mean age at definitive diagnosis 8.1 years, imaging interval 0.2-8.7 years). Tumor types included low-grade glioma (n = 4), embryonal tumors (n = 2), pineal tumors (n=2), ependymoma (n = 3), and others (n = 3). Pre-diagnostic imaging of corresponding tumor growth sites were abnormal in four cases (28%) and demonstrated higher ADC values in the region of high-grade tumor growth (p = 0.05). Growth regression analyses demonstrated R2-values of 0.92 and 0.91 using a linear model and 0.64 and 0.89 using an exponential model for high- and low-grade tumors, respectively; estimated minimum velocity of diameter expansion was 2.4 cm/year for high-grade and 0.4 cm/year for low-grade tumors. High-grade tumors demonstrated faster growth rate of diameter and solid tumor volume compared to low-grade tumors (p = 0.02, p = 0.03, respectively). Conclusions This is the first study to test feasibility in utilizing pre-diagnostic neuroimaging to demonstrate that linear and exponential growth rate models can be used to estimate pediatric brain tumor growth velocity and should be validated in a larger multi-institutional cohort.
An exploratory, open-label, randomized, multicenter trial of hachimijiogan for mild Alzheimer’s disease

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegeneration and is the most prevalent form of dementia. Intervention at an early stage is imperative. Although three acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) are currently approved for the treatment of mild AD, they are not sufficiently effective. Novel treatments for mild AD are of utmost importance. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of hachimijiogan (HJG), a traditional Japanese herbal medicine (Kampo), in the treatment of mild AD. Methods: This exploratory, open-label, randomized, multicenter trial enrolled patients with mild AD whose score on the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was over 21points. All participants had been taking the same dosage of AChEI for more than 3 months. The participants were randomly assigned to an HJG group taking HJG extract 7.5 g/day in addition to AChEI or to a control group treated only with AChEI. The primary outcome was the change from baseline to 6 months post treatment initiation on the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive component- Japanese version(ADAS-Jcog). The secondary outcomes were change from baseline of the Instrumental Activity of Daily Life (IADL), Apathy scale, and Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) -Q score. Results: Among the 77 enrollees, the data of 69(34 HJG and 35 control)were available for analysis. The difference in the change of ADAS-Jcog from baseline to 6 months of the HJG and control groups was 1.29 (90% Confidence interval (CI), −0.74 to 3.32 p = 0.293). In the subgroup analysis, the differences in the change from baseline to 3 and 6 months for women were 3.70 (90% CI ,0.50 to 6.91, p = 0.059) and 2.90 (90% CI,0.09 to 5.71, p = 0.090), respectively. For patients over 65 years, the difference at 3 months was 2.35 (90%CI, 0.01 to 4.68 p = 0.099). No significant differences were found between the HJG and control groups in IADL score, Apathy scale, or NPI-Q score. Conclusion: Although not conclusive, our data indicate that HJG has an adjuvant effect for acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and that it delays the deterioration of the cognitive dysfunction of mild Altzheimer’s disease patients. Clinical Trial Registration: http://clinicaltrials.gov Japan Registry of clinical trials, identifier jRCTs 071190018
Endophytes and their potential in biotic stress management and crop production

Biotic stress is caused by harmful microbes that prevent plants from growing normally and also having numerous negative effects on agriculture crops globally. Many biotic factors such as bacteria, fungi, virus, weeds, insects, and nematodes are the major constrains of stress that tends to increase the reactive oxygen species that affect the physiological and molecular functioning of plants and also led to the decrease in crop productivity. Bacterial and fungal endophytes are the solution to overcome the tasks faced with conventional farming, and these are environment friendly microbial commodities that colonize in plant tissues without causing any damage. Endophytes play an important role in host fitness, uptake of nutrients, synthesis of phytohormone and diminish the injury triggered by pathogens via antibiosis, production of lytic enzymes, secondary metabolites, and hormone activation. They are also reported to help plants in coping with biotic stress, improving crops and soil health, respectively. Therefore, usage of endophytes as biofertilizers and biocontrol agent have developed an eco-friendly substitute to destructive chemicals for plant development and also in mitigation of biotic stress. Thus, this review highlighted the potential role of endophytes as biofertilizers, biocontrol agent, and in mitigation of biotic stress for maintenance of plant development and soil health for sustainable agriculture.