Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Broken Village: Coffee, Migration, and Globalization in Honduras

Excerpt] This book describes how people cope with rapid social change. It tells the story of the small town of La Quebrada, Honduras, which, over a five-year period from 2001-2006, transformed from a relatively isolated community of small-scale coffee farmers into a hotbed of migration from Honduras to the United States and back.1 During this time, the everyday lives of people in La Quebrada became connected to the global economy in a manner that was far different, and far more intimate, than anything they had experienced in the past. Townspeople did not generally view this transformation as a positive step toward progress or development. They saw migration as a temporary response to economic crisis, even as it became an ever more inescapable part of their livelihood. The chapters that follow trace the effects of migration across various domains of local life — including politics, religion, and family dynamics — describing how individuals in one community adapt to economic change. This is not a story about an egalitarian little Eden being corrupted by the forces of capitalist modernization. La Quebrada's residents have lived with social inequality, violence, political conflict, and economic instability for generations. As coffee farmers, their fortunes have long been tied to the vicissitudes of global markets. However, the social changes wrought by migration presented qualitatively new challenges, as a functioning local economy became dependent on migrants working in distant places such as Long Island and South Dakota who lived in ways that most people in La Quebrada struggled to comprehend or explain. The new reality of migration created a sense of confusion that was especially strong in the early stages of La Quebrada's migration boom, when communication between villagers and migrants was rare. The decline of coffee markets and the rise of the migration economy happened so quickly and chaotically that people struggled to understand, evaluate, and give meaning to the changes they wereexperiencing. Therefore, migration was experienced as sociocultural disintegration in 2003-2005, when the bulk of the research for this study was conducted.
Internet for child mental health : Boon or bane Internet for public use in India

Internet for public use in India was launched on 15th August 1995 by Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited (VSNL). [1] In 2005, following the formulation of a government broadband policy, internet usage accelerated. According to the latest reports issued by the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India, there are 324.89 million internet subscribers in the country. [2] Approximately 35% of internet users in India are adolescents. [3] With an ever-increasing number of young users, the internet has revolutionized education and social communication. [4] Children and adolescents of 21st century are more connected, aware of the latest developments in various fields, and have access to academic and recreational material that would be inaccessible without internet. [2,4]
Background and Scope

hypoallergenic formula or a maternal elimination diet should be considered in infants with severe or unremitting colic symptoms beyond 4 months of age or in infants with other clinical features of cow’s-milk allergy such as persistent diarrhoea, vomiting, or eczema. If crying has improved with a cow’s-milk–free diet, the diagnosis of cow’s-milk allergy should be confirmed by a challenge. Bellaı̈che et al reminds us that physician empathy and reassurance to parents of the self-limiting nature of infant colic is the key factor for successful management and relief of parental anxiety (7). In addition to nutrition options, the authors discuss the limited information available for various medications, probiotics, herbal therapies, and chiropractic strategies. St James-Roberts et al challenge the GI explanation for the causes of crying in infant colic (8). They provide evidence that most infants with prolonged unexplained crying lack organic disturbances, review the lack of evidence that the crying sounds abnormal or signals pain, and challenge the scientific validity of the criteria set by Wessel (crying for 3 hours 3 times per week for 3 weeks) and by the Rome III criteria (3 hours 3 times per week during 1 week). The authors provide a developmental explanation for prolonged crying and suggest that this should be the basis for health services management strategies. Di Lorenzo (9) and Heine (10) provide an overview of functional GI disorders and allergic manifestations that put infant colic in perspective with other GI symptoms, again raising the question of whether the self-limiting nature of some of these complaints (eg, regurgitation, dyschezia) puts infant colic in the same category of a transient functional disorder that are overtreated in response to the parental anxiety they create. In the summary of this supplement, Di Lorenzo and St JamesRoberts provide the reader with the implications of the evidence provided in the supplement for treatment (11). To be concise, the message is clear: Whether infantile colic is a normal developmental occurrence, a different central nervous system function, or a result of GI discomfort, it is a self-limiting condition that, when present without any other symptoms or alarming signs, should be treated with empathy and reassurance. There usually is no need for other treatments and there is a lack of evidence that prescription and nonprescription medications and preparations are safe and effective in reducing crying.
Characterization of the Human Homologue of the Yeast Spc98p and Its Association with (cid:103) -Tubulin

A trimeric complex formed by Tub4p, the budding yeast (cid:103) -tubulin, and the two spindle pole body components, Spc98p and Spc97p, has recently been characterized in Saccharomyces cerevisiae . We rea-soned that crucial functions, such as the control of microtubule nucleation, could be maintained among divergent species. SPC98-related sequences were searched in dbEST using the BLASTN program. Primers derived from the human expressed sequence tag matching SPC98 were used to clone the 5 (cid:57) and 3 (cid:57) cDNA ends by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE)-PCR. The human Spc98 cDNA presents an alternative splicing at the 3 (cid:57) end. The deduced protein possesses 22% identity and 45% similarity with the yeast homologue. We further report that the human Spc98p, like (cid:103) -tubulin, is concentrated at the centrosome, although a large fraction is found in cytosolic complexes. Sucrose gradient sedimentation of the cytosolic fraction and immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrate that both (cid:103) -tubulin and HsSpc98p are in the same complex. Interestingly, Xenopus sperm centrosomes, which are incompetent for microtubule nucleation before their activation in the
The Potential of Clinical Phenotyping of Heart Failure With Imaging Biomarkers for Guiding Therapies

The need for noninvasive assessment of cardiac volumes and ejection fraction (EF) ushered in the use of cardiac imaging techniques in heart failure (HF) trials that investigated the roles of pharmacological and device-based therapies. However, in contrast to HF with reduced EF (HFrEF), modern HF pharmacotherapy has not improved outcomes in HF with preserved EF (HFpEF), largely attributed to patient heterogeneity and incomplete understanding of pathophysiological insights underlying the clinical presentations of HFpEF. Modern cardiac imaging methods offer insights into many sets of changes in cardiac tissue structure and function that can precisely link cause with cardiac remodeling at organ and tissue levels to clinical presentations in HF. This has inspired investigators to seek a more comprehensive understanding of HF presentations using imaging techniques. This article summarizes the available evidence regarding the role of cardiac imaging in HF. Furthermore, we discuss the value of cardiac imaging techniques in identifying HF patient subtypes who share similar causes and mechanistic pathways that can be targeted using speci ﬁ c HF therapies. (J Am Coll Cardiol Img 2017;10:1056 – 71) © 2017 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation.
Estimation and filtering for high-precision GPS positioning applications

Estimation of GPS satellite orbits and other parameters for high-accuracy geodetic and tracking applications is carried out with a multi-satellite batch sequential pseudo-epoch state process noise filter. Both square-root information filtering and UD factorized covariance filtering and smoothing formulations are implemented in the software to enhance numerical stability. The filtering algorithms have been arranged to take advantage of sparse matrices and other characteristics of the GPS measurement scenarios. The filter includes unique error evaluation capabilities to assess effects from mismodeling. Process noise plays a key role in the orbit determination for stochastic behavior of transmitter/receiver clocks, atmospheric-induced delay fluctuations, and unmodeled spacecraft accelerations. Present GPS orbit accuracy is better than 1 m, with ground baselines determined simultaneously to relative accuracy of 1.5 parts in 10 to the 8th over several thousand km distance.
Reclaimed waste water: preventing bacterial pathogens on fresh fruit and vege- tables

As a result of climatic changes affecting Germany and Europe, an increase in the use of reclaimed waste water for irrigation of plants is to be expected, including ready-to-eat crops. Appropriate requirements for this irrigation water are therefore being drawn up at an EU level. , the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) has worked with the Julius Kühn Institute (JKI) and the Max Rubner Institute (MRI) to analyse recent research findings on the occurrence of certain bacterial pathogens in reclaimed waste water as well as fruit and vegetables. The healthy properties of fruit and vegetables mean that most people—and even individuals particularly sensitive to foodborne infections—eat them either raw or only after minimal food preparation.
Mapping root zones of small plants using surface and borehole resistivity tomography

The main function of roots is absorbing water and nutrients (sap) required for the development of plants and trees and anchoring them to the ground. The increasing water shortage in many countries calls for a better understanding of root structure, root volume, water uptake by roots, and water redistribution in the soil-plant zone to serve as the base for a well-directed and sustainable supply of water. Root zones mainly consist of a mixture of root branches and soil material. The root branches within the root envelope are of two kinds: fine, soft roots that absorb the sap from the surrounding soils and thick, wooden roots that transport the sap to the trunk and leaves. The sap is used mainly for transpiration processes and slightly for growth processes (photosynthesis and formation of carbon).
Análisis del motivo de unión al dsRNA de la proteína VP3 del virus de la Bursitis Infecciosa y su implicación en el control de la respuesta innata antiviral del hospedador

ABSTRACT/RESUMEN EN INGLES Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is an avian pathogen responsible for an acute immunosuppressive disease that causes major losses to the poultry industry. IBDV belongs to the Birnaviridae family, which includes nonenveloped viruses possessing a bisegmented double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) genome enclosed within a single icosahedral T = 13 capsid lacking the characteristic T = 2 core present in all known icosahedral dsRNA viruses that isolates the virus genome and replicative intermediates from host sensors. The inner space of birnavirus virions is occupied by ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes formed by the genomic dsRNA segments entirely wrapped up by molecules of the virus encoded VP3 polypeptide and covalently linked to the VPg form of the viral RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase. Previous reports have demonstrated that these RNPs are transcriptionally active in vitro and in vivo in the absence of an intact capsid and this suggests the possibility that the RNPs might be released and act as capsid-independent transcriptional complexes. In this regard, we raised the hypothesis that the VP3 polypeptide might play a role shielding the dsRNA against cellular dsRNA sensors, and thus preventing the onset of dsRNA-mediated innate immune responses. Previous reports evidenced that expression of the mature VP2 IBDV capsid polypeptide triggers a programmed cell death response. Our results demonstrate that coexpression of the VP3 polypeptide precludes phosphorylation of both PKR and eIF2? induced by VP2 expression. Further experiments showed that VP3 functionally replaces the host-range vaccinia virus (VACV) E3 protein, thus allowing the E3 deficient VACV deletion mutant WR/? E3L to grow in non-permisive cell lines. We also show that when analyzed in a plant-based experimental model, VP3 prevents the silencing-mediated degradation of a reporter mRNA and can functionally replace the well characterized HCPro silencing suppressor of Plum pox virus, a potyvirus that is unable to infect plants in the absence of an active silencing suppressor. We also demonstrate that the anti-apoptotic and anti-silencing activities of VP3 rely on its dsRNA binding capacity. Finally, through the employment of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis, we obtained the kinetic constants of the VP3-dsRNA interaction and determined that K99 and K106 are the key VP3 residues for binding the dsRNA. According to results presented here, VP3 can be categorized along with other well characterized proteins such as VACV E3, avian retrovirus sigmaA, and influenza virus NS1 as a virus-encoded dsRNA-binding polypeptide with antiapoptotic properties. Our results suggest that VP3 plays a central role in ensuring the viability of the IBDV replication cycle by preventing programmed cell death protecting the viral genome from host sentinels.
Decoupling between the carbon cycle and climate during Pleistocene glaciations

A method for the independent control of a guidable flying body that is provided with a warhead and to an arrangement for implementing the method. The method resides in that the flying body flies on a curved flight path during its flight approach phase and, on the curved flight path, the ratio S/C between the signals S reflected by the ground target and the clutter C of the ground, on the average, is kept constant or at least approximately constant. The path vector of the flying body during the subsequent target approach phase is oriented in the direction of the ground. The arrangement is configured in such a that an antenna array constructed of transmitting and receiving antennas is configured as a rigid component group that is fixed to the flying body and is switched to act on a transmit/receive unit, or a transmit/receive unit composed of light source(s) and detectors and operating on an optical basis is configured as a rigid component group that is connected with the flying body and the detectors are switched to act on an evaluation unit.
during learning.

Background: Mutations in the FOXP2 transcription factor lead to language disorders with developmental onset. Accompanying structural abnormalities in cortico-striatal circuitry indicate that at least a portion of the behavioral phenotype is due to organizational deficits. We previously found parallel FoxP2 expression patterns in human and songbird cortico/pallio-striatal circuits important for learned vocalizations, suggesting that FoxP2’s function in birdsong may generalize to speech. Methodology/Principal Findings: We used zebra finches to address the question of whether FoxP2 is additionally important in the post-organizational function of these circuits. In both humans and songbirds, vocal learning depends on auditory guidance to achieve and maintain optimal vocal output. We tested whether deafening prior to or during the sensorimotor phase of song learning disrupted FoxP2 expression in song circuitry. As expected, the songs of deafened juveniles were abnormal, however basal FoxP2 levels were unaffected. In contrast, when hearing or deaf juveniles sang for two hours in the morning, FoxP2 was acutely down-regulated in the striatal song nucleus, area X. The extent of down-regulation was similar between hearing and deaf birds. Interestingly, levels of FoxP2 and singing were correlated only in hearing birds. Conclusions/Significance: Hearing appears to link FoxP2 levels to the amount of vocal practice. As juvenile birds spent more time practicing than did adults, their FoxP2 levels are likely to be low more often. Behaviorally-driven reductions in the mRNA encoding this transcription factor could ultimately affect downstream molecules that function in vocal exploration, especially during sensorimotor learning.
Low shear velocities in the sub‐lithospheric mantle beneath the Indian shield?

Ever since its breakup from the Gondwanaland ~140 Myr ago, the Indian plate was ravaged by four hot spots. Although the surface manifestations of such deep processes are evident in terms of large igneous provinces like the Deccan and the fast drift of the Indian plate, the modifications to the deep structure remain to be grasped. In this study, we investigate the mantle transition zone (TZ) structure beneath the Indian shield region using ~14,000 teleseismic receiver functions from 77 broadband stations sited on diverse geologic terrains. The arrival times of the P‐to‐s (Ps) conversions from the 410 km discontinuity at most cratonic stations appear to be delayed by ~2 s in comparison with the times observed for other Precambrian shield regions like Africa, Australia, and Canada. Such delays in the conversions from the 410 km discontinuity below the Indian shield suggest low shear wave speeds in the lithospheric and sub‐lithospheric mantles due to higher temperatures, together with a thinner high velocity lid that contrasts with a thicker one found beneath most Archean cratons. A thin transition zone beneath most of the cratonic stations lends support to the enhanced temperatures within the TZ itself. Also, a further delay of the TZ discontinuities is observed for stations on the southern granulite terrain, which was under the influence of the Marion plume that is responsible for the separation of Madagascar from India. Although the data do not conclusively show evidence for a 520 km discontinuity, an LVL atop the 410 cannot be ruled out beneath certain geological provinces of the Indian shield.
Ramucirumab combined with FOLFOX as front-line therapy for advanced esophageal, gastroesophageal junction, or gastric adenocarcinoma: a randomized, double-blind, multicenter Phase II trial.

BACKGROUND We report the first randomized, Phase II trial of ramucirumab, an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 monoclonal antibody, as front-line therapy in patients with advanced adenocarcinoma of the esophagus or gastric/gastroesophageal junction (GEJ). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients from the USA with advanced esophageal, gastric, or GEJ adenocarcinoma randomly received (1:1) mFOLFOX6 plus ramucirumab (8 mg/kg) or mFOLFOX6 plus placebo every 2 weeks. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS) with 80% power to detect a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.71 (one-sided α = 0.15). Secondary end points included evaluation of response and overall survival (OS); an exploratory ramucirumab exposure-response analysis was undertaken. RESULTS Of 168 randomized patients, 52% of tumors were located in the stomach/GEJ and 48% in the esophagus. The trial did not meet the primary end point of PFS [6.4 versus 6.7 months, HR 0.98 (95% confidence interval 0.69-1.37)] or the secondary end point of OS (11.7 versus 11.5 months) in the intent-to-treat (ITT) population. Objective response rates (45.2% versus 46.4%) were similar between arms. Most Grade ≥3 toxicities did not differ significantly between arms, yet premature discontinuation of FOLFOX and ramucirumab (for reasons other than progressive disease) was more common among ramucirumab- versus placebo-treated patients. In an exploratory analysis that censored for premature discontinuation, the HR for PFS favored the ramucirumab arm (HR 0.76), particularly in patients with gastric/GEJ cancer. An exploratory exposure-response analysis indicated that patients with higher ramucirumab exposure had longer OS. CONCLUSION The addition of ramucirumab to front-line mFOLFOX6 did not improve PFS in the ITT population. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER NCT01246960.
Passive Immunization with Anti-Tau Antibodies in Two Transgenic Models

TauimmunotherapyshouldbeconsideredasatherapeuticapproachforthetreatmentofAlzheimerdiseaseandother tauopathies.The microtubule-associated protein Tau plays a critical roleinthepathogenesisofAlzheimerdiseaseandseveralrelateddis-orders (tauopathies). In the disease Tau aggregates andbecomes hyperphosphorylated forming paired helical andstraight filaments, which can further condense into higherorderneurofibrillarytanglesinneurons.Thedevelopmentofthis pathology is consistently associated with progressiveneuronal loss and cognitive decline. The identification oftractable therapeutic targets in this pathway has been chal-lenging, and consequently very few clinical studies address-ingTaupathologyareunderway.Recentactiveimmunizationstudies have raised the possibility of modulating Tau pathol-ogy by activating the immune system. Here we report for thefirst time on passive immunotherapy for Tau in two wellestablishedtransgenicmodelsofTaupathogenesis.Weshowthat peripheral administration of two antibodies againstpathological Tau forms significantly reduces biochemicalTau pathology in the JNPL3 mouse model. We further dem-onstrate that peripheral administration of the same antibod-ies in the more rapidly progressive P301S tauopathy modelnot only reduces Tau pathology quantitated by biochemicalassays and immunohistochemistry, but also significantlydelays the onset of motor function decline and weight loss.This is accompanied by a reduction in neurospheroids, pro-viding direct evidence of reduced neurodegeneration. Thus,passiveimmunotherapyiseffectiveatpreventingthebuildupof intracellular Tau pathology, neurospheroids, and associ-ated symptoms, although the exact mechanism remainsuncertain. Tau immunotherapy should therefore be consid-ered as a therapeutic approach for the treatment ofAlzheimer disease and other tauopathies.