Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Encompassing Principle and Hypothesis Testing

The exponentially tilted family of densities is used to discuss the relationship between the encompassing principle and the M-test or conditional moment testing principle. It is shown that the two principles are capable of generating the same test statistics and in this sense equivalent. However, there are differences in motivation and emphasis underlying the principles that are important in econometric modeling. In addition, parsimonious encompassing interpretations for test statistics, including those of Cox (1961, in Proceedings of the Fourth Berkeley Symposium on Mathematical Statistics and Probability I, pp. 105-123; 1962, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B 24, 406-424) and Atkinson (1970, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B 32, 323-344) are provided.
Religious affect and personality among 9- to 13-year-old children in the Republic of Ireland: introducing the Junior Personality Scales in Three Dimensions (JPS3D)

This study builds on earlier research locating individual di ﬀ erences in religious a ﬀ ect within the three dimensional space proposed by Eysenck. The 18-item Junior Personality Scales in Three Dimensions (JPS3D) were designed to re ﬁ ne Eysenck ’ s conceptualisation of the three dimensions of personality and to improve measurement of these dimensions among children by employing a ﬁ ve-point rating scale. Data provided by 1048 students in fourth class, by 1044 students in ﬁ fth class, and by 1079 students in sixth class within Church of Ireland (Anglican) primary schools in the Republic of Ireland con ﬁ rmed the clear factor structure of the 18 items on a varimax rotated solution, demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency reliability for the three indices in terms of Cronbach ’ s alpha, and supported construct validity. Positive religious a ﬀ ect was associated with lower toughmindedness scores and higher extraversion scores, but independent of anxiety scores.
Gender Differences in Symptom Burden, Functional Performance and Global Quality of Life of Lung Cancer Patients Receiving Inpatient versus Outpatient Treatment

Background Lung cancer may cause severe impairment of quality of life. An increasing number of lung cancer patients are receiving outpatient chemotherapy. However, little is known about gender aspects in the areas of impaired QoL in outpatient versus inpatient lung cancer patients. The aim of the study was to investigate this. Methods We report from a prospective, multicenter study to analyze the EORTC QLQ-LC29, a new designed module to assess the QoL of lung cancer patients. The participants filled out the EORTC QLQ-C30 and the recently updated lung cancer module QLQ-LC29. Results A total of 198 lung cancer patients (73 female and 125 male, mean 64.5 age years) during first-line therapy were enrolled in this study by completing the both questionnaires. Women showed higher symptom scores, when being inpatient. Significant results were found regarding nausea/vomiting (mean women = 17.6 and mean men = 9.3, p = 0.037) and hair loss (mean women = 40.0 and mean men = 21.7, p = 0.010), although women received fewer chemotherapy treatments than their male counterparts (women n = 47, 64.4% and men n = 86, 68.8%). When it comes to global QoL, men report a significant worse QoL than women (mean women = 57.5 and mean men = 46.1, p = 0.016), when being inpatient. As outpatients, men report significant results regarding sore mouth and tongue (mean women = 1.2 and mean men = 13.5, p = 0.012). Conclusion This study adds to the literature in showing the typical gender difference effect on QoL, suggesting men suffer less than women, is not a universal phenomenon irrespective of being inpatient or outpatient. It also confirms the hypothesis that the symptom burden is higher with inpatients than outpatients.
On the Joint Path Length Distribution in Random Binary Trees

During the 10th Seminar on Analysis of Algorithms, MSRI, Berkeley, June 2004, Knuth posed the problem of analyzing the left and the right path length in a random binary tree. In particular, Knuth asked about properties of the generating function of the joint distribution of the left and the right path lengths. In this paper, we mostly focus on the asymptotic properties of the distribution of the difference between the left and the right path lengths. Among other things, we show that the Laplace transform of the appropriately normalized moment generating function of the path difference satisfies the first Painlevé transcendent. This is a nonlinear differential equation that has appeared in many modern applications, from nonlinear waves to random matrices. Surprisingly, we find out that the difference between path lengths is of the order n5/4 where n is the number of nodes in the binary tree. This was also recently observed by Marckert and Janson. We present precise asymptotics of the distribution's tails and moments. We will also discuss the joint distribution of the left and right path lengths. Throughout, we use methods of analytic algorithmics such as generating functions and complex asymptotics, as well as methods of applied mathematics such as the Wentzel, Kramers, Brillouin (WKB) method.
Surface potential of n- and p-type GaN measured by Kelvin force microscopy

n- and p-type GaN epitaxial layers grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition with different doping levels have been characterized by Kelvin probe force microscopy (KFM). To investigate the surface states of GaN beyond instrumental and environmental fluctuations, a KFM calibration procedure using a gold-plated Ohmic contact as a reference has been introduced, and the reproducibility of the KFM measurements has been evaluated. Results show that the Fermi level is pinned for n- and p-type GaN over the available doping ranges, and found 1.34±0.15eV below the conduction band and 1.59±0.18eV above the valence band, respectively.
Proteomic Variability and Nutrient-Related Proteins across Pigmented and Non-Pigmented Rice Grains

Rice protein is considered an important dietary protein source. Information regarding rice nutrient-related protein expression is still scarce, hence further study investigating this aspect is highly needed. Herein, we applied sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (SWATH-MS) for a comparative proteomic analysis across six different Malaysian rice varieties. These consisted of black rice (BR: PH9 and BALI), red rice (RR: MRQ100 and MRM16), and white rice (WR: MRQ76 and MR297). This study aimed to unravel rice nutrient-related proteins and if their expressions were significantly different across varieties. A total of 4022 quantified proteins were found to be significantly expressed across all varieties with a false discovery rate (FDR) < 1% and p < 0.05. While among 1792 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) that were identified, 74 DEPs had functions related to nutrient biosynthesis. There were significantly higher expressions of key enzymes for the carotenoid and amylopectin biosynthesis pathways and seed storage proteins, i.e., prolamins and glutelins in RR. Glycoproteins such as cupin and germin-like protein, as well as enzymes that are involved in the biosynthesis of thiamine and anthocyanin were abundantly found in BR. WR was particularly enriched with biosynthesis enzymes for essential amino acids (methionine and arginine), vitamin B, and unsaturated fatty acid. This study provides us insights into the differential expressions of storage and functional proteins with nutrient-related properties in shaping rice grain pigmentations and plant immunity, as well as in contributing diverse health benefits as daily functional food for human consumption.
Singapore’s Dengue Outbreak Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges, Responses, and Lessons

Abstract Dengue outbreaks have been documented in Singapore since 1901, occurring almost annually in the 1960s and disproportionately affecting the paediatric population. In January 2020, virological surveillance detected a shift from DENV-2, which was the previous dominant strain, to DENV-3. As of 20 September 2022, 27,283 cases have been reported in 2022. Singapore is currently also responding to the COVID-19 pandemic, overcoming another wave of infections with 281,977 cases recorded in the past two months as of 19 September 2022. While Singapore has adopted several policies and interventions to combat dengue, primarily through environmental control but also innovations such as the Wolbachia mosquito programme, there is a need for further efforts to deal with the dual threat of dengue and COVID-19. Drawing lessons from Singapore’s experience, countries facing such dual epidemics should enact clear policy responses, including establishing a multisectoral dengue action committee and action plan prior to potential outbreaks. Key indicators should be agreed upon and tracked at all healthcare levels as part of dengue surveillance and incorporated into the national health information system. Digitizing dengue monitoring systems and implementing telemedicine solutions are innovative measures that would facilitate the response to dengue in the context of restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic that hinder the detection and response to new cases. There is a need for greater international collaboration in reducing or eradicating dengue in endemic countries. Further research is also required on how best to establish integrated early warning systems and extend our knowledge of the effects of COVID-19 on dengue transmission in affected countries.
Akkermansia muciniphila and Bifidobacterium bifidum Prevent NAFLD by Regulating FXR Expression and Gut Microbiota

Background and aims Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely associated with gut microbiota and has become the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, but the relationship between specific strains and NAFLD has not been fully elucidated. We aimed to investigate whether Akkermansia muciniphila and Bifidobacterium bifidum could prevent NAFLD, the effects of their action alone or in combination, possible mechanisms, and modulation of the gut microbiota. Methods Mice were fed with high-fat diets (HFD) for 20 weeks, in which experimental groups were pretreated with quadruple antibiotics and then given the corresponding bacterial solution or PBS. The expression of the glycolipid metabolism indicators, liver, and intestinal farnesol X receptors (FXR), and intestinal mucosal tight junction proteins were detected. We also analyzed the alterations of inflammatory and immune status and the gut microbiota of mice. Results Both strains were able to attenuate mass gain (p<0.001), insulin resistance (p<0.001), and liver lipid deposition (p<0.001). They also reduced the levels of the pro-inflammatory factors (p<0.05) and the proportion of Th17 (p<0.001), while elevating the proportion of Treg (p<0.01). Both strains activated hepatic FXR while suppressing intestinal FXR (p<0.05), and elevating tight junction protein expression (p<0.05). We also perceived changes in the gut microbiota and found both strains were able to synergize beneficial microbiota to function. Conclusions Administration of A. muciniphila or B. bifidum alone or in combination was protective against HFD-induced NAFLD formation and could be used as alternative treatment strategy for NAFLD after further exploration.
Theoretical analysis of reflectometric measurements in optical fiber links affected by polarization-dependent loss

The theory of reflectometric measurements of polarization-dependent effects in optical fiber links is generalized to the case of links with polarization-dependent losses. The results are a clean generalization of the no-loss case. In particular, a new technique for the reflectometric measurement of the mean polarization-dependent loss is proposed. Furthermore, the possibility of characterizing the local birefringence and the local dichroism of the link is discussed.
The Impact of Polar Stratospheric Clouds on the Heating Rates of the Winter Polar Stratosphere

Abstract We have computed the perturbation to the infrared radiative heating rates of the lower stratosphere due to the occurrence of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) during the winter season in the Antarctic and Arctic regions. The calculations were made with a multispectral radiative transfer code that allows for scattering, absorption, and thermal emission by particles and gases. We investigated perturbations due to both particulate opacity of the PSCs (direct effect), and to the partial condensation, and hence, decrease of H20 vapor accompanying their formation (indirect effect). For plausible values of model parameters, the direct effect is always one of increased radiative cooling, while the indirect effect is always one of decreased cooling. On a synoptic time scale of a single PSC event (∼ days), the net effect is probably one of enhanced cooling, with its magnitude having an important impact on stratospheric heating rates only for the most optically thick PSCs (extinction coefficient > 10−1 km−1.
Numerical evaluation of the two-dimensional generalized exponential integral

An exact technique for the evaluation of the two-dimensional generalized exponential integral-as required in structures involving rectangular planar radiators and transmission lines-is presented. It is shown that the singularity is integrable if integration is performed in polar coordinates. The integral can be calculated exactly and with minimal computational effort, even if integration over the origin of the coordinate system is required-regardless of whether the origin is an internal or boundary point of the integration region. Comparison with a standard technique proves the presented approach superior. Stability of the algorithm and convergence is discussed. Performance is demonstrated for the example of an asymmetrically edge-fed patch antenna.
Coupled numerical and theoretical study of the flow transition between a rotating and a stationary disk

Both direct numerical simulation and theoretical stability analysis are performed together in order to study the transition process to turbulence in a flow between a rotating and a stationary disk. This linear stability analysis considers the complete rotor-stator flow and then extends the results of Lingwood [J. Fluid Mech. 299, 17 (1995); 314, 373 (1996)] obtained in a single disk case. The present linear analysis also extends the former two-disk computations of Itoh [ASME FED 114, 83 (1991)], only limited to a hydrodynamic spatial instability analysis. Moreover, in the present work, this approach is completed by discussing the effects of buoyancy-driven convection on the flow stability and by absolute/convective analysis of the flow. Coupled with accurate numerical computations based on an efficient pseudo-spectral Chebyshev-Fourier method, this study brings new insight on the spatio-temporal characteristics of this flow during the first stages of transition. For instance, an exchange of stability from a steady to a periodic flow with spiral structures is observed for the first time numerically in such cavity of large aspect ratio. The nature of the first bifurcation is discussed as well as the influence on it of disturbances coming from the end-wall boundary layer. Annular and spiral patterns are observed in the unstable stationary disk layer with characteristic parameters agreeing very well with the present theoretical results. Then, these structures are interpreted in terms of type I and type II generic instabilities. Moreover, the absolute instability regions which are supposed to be strongly connected with the turbulent breakdown process are also identified and the critical Reynolds numbers of the convective/absolute transition in both Ekman and Bodewadt layers are given.
Application of the compressed sensing theory in the IR-UWB system channel estimation

The channel estimation of IR-UWB ultra wideband wireless communication system realized by using compressed sensing theory. Firstly, sparse signal, observation matrix and reconstruction algorithm of compressed sensing theory were discussed. Secondly, discussed the composition of IR-UWB wireless communication system. The IEEE802.15. SG3a channel model was adopted for UWB multipath channel. According to the matrix calculation method of cyclic convolution, the compressed sensing model for channel estimation of IR-UWB system was derived, and GOMP algorithm was used to reconstruct the channel parameters of IR-UWB system. With the help of Matlab software, the simulation results showed that GOMP algorithm can reconstruct the channel parameters of IR-UWB system well.
Minimizing work-in-process and material handling in the facilities layout problem

We consider the plant layout problem for a job shop environment. This problem is generally treated as the quadratic assignment problem with the objective of minimizing material handling costs. Here we investigate the relationship between material handling costs and average work-in-process. Under restrictive assumptions, an open queueing network model can be used to show that the problem of minimizing work-in-process reduces to the quadratic assignment problem. In this paper, we generalize these results through a simulation model, and develop a simple secondary measure which allows us to select the layout that minimizes average work-in-process levels from among solutions that are similar with respect to the objective function for the quadratic assignment problem.
Testing the Single and Combined Effect of Kaolin and Spinosad against Bactrocera oleae and Its Natural Antagonist Insects in an Organic Olive Grove

The presence and infestation level of Bactrocera oleae was monitored in an organic olive orchard divided into differently treated parcels with kaolin (K), spinosad (S) and with kaolin and spinosad (K + S) in alternate rows. The treatments did not seem to affect olive fruit fly population dynamics, while statistically significant protective effects were recorded against total and harmful infestation, but not against the active one. Eventually, neither kaolin nor spinosad were shown to have a particular detrimental effect against naturally occurring B. oleae parasitoids.
A note on harmonic functions and a hydrodynamical application

It is immediately seen that the construction with the aid of (Et,) falls within the scope of the classical existence and uniqueness theorem for ordinary differential equations provided (Ey) can be solved with respect to 0G/Oy which occurs on both sides of the equation. To see this, observe that it suffices that at the initial point (0, 0) the partial derivative of the left-hand side of (Ey) with respect to OG/oy-of value 1-differ from that of the right-hand side which, at the origin, equals iOA/c U. and is a pure imaginary there, if we
Propagation and Structural Interpretation of Non‐Plane Waves

SUMMARY As a model for the 2-D horizontal propagation of seismic surface waves, we study the propagation of non-plane acoustic waves in homogeneous and inhomogeneous media. We find that their phase velocity depends not only on the medium but also on the local geometry of the wavefield, especially on the distribution of amplitudes around the point of observation. the phase velocity of a wave is therefore conceptually and in most cases numerically different from the phase velocity parameter in the wave equation, which is determined by the elastic properties of the medium. the same distinction must be made for seismic surface waves. Although it is a common observation that waves of the same period can propagate with different phase velocities over the same path, the fundamental character of this observation has apparently not been recognized, and the two phase velocities are frequently confused in the seismological literature. We derive a local relationship between the two phase velocities that permits a correct structural interpretation of acoustic waves in inhomogeneous media, and also of non-plane seismic surface waves in laterally homogeneous parts of the medium.
Observed Boundary Layer Wind Structure and Balance in the Hurricane Core. Part I: Hurricane Georges

Abstract The GPS dropsonde allows observations at unprecedentedly high horizontal and vertical resolution, and of very high accuracy, within the tropical cyclone boundary layer. These data are used to document the boundary layer wind field of the core of Hurricane Georges (1998) when it was close to its maximum intensity. The spatial variability of the boundary layer wind structure is found to agree very well with the theoretical predictions in the works of Kepert and Wang. In particular, the ratio of the near-surface wind speed to that above the boundary layer is found to increase inward toward the radius of maximum winds and to be larger to the left of the track than to the right, while the low-level wind maximum is both more marked and at lower altitude on the left of the storm track than on the right. However, the expected supergradient flow in the upper boundary layer is not found, with the winds being diagnosed as close to gradient balance. The tropical cyclone boundary layer model of Kepert and Wan.
Dense cores in dark clouds. VI - Shapes

A comparison is presently conducted between 48 line-intensity maps of 16 dense cores in dark clouds, based on observations in the 13-mm line of NH3 and the 3-mm lines of CS and C(O-18). Core elongation in this sample does not differ significantly between cores with and without embedded stars; elongation appears to be a condition prior to star formation, rather than the consequence of formation. The characteristic elongation of dense cores implies that models of equilibrium between self-gravity and isotropic random motions are incomplete. The observed elongation of dense cores in projection is modeled as arising from a group of either prolate or oblate spheroids. 50 refs.
Brain-Inspired Remote Sensing Interpretation: A Comprehensive Survey

Brain-inspired algorithms have become a new trend in next-generation artificial intelligence. Through research on brain science, the intelligence of remote sensing algorithms can be effectively improved. This article summarizes and analyzes the essential properties of brain cognize learning and the recent advance of remote sensing interpretation. First, this article introduces the structural composition and the properties of the brain. Then, five represent brain-inspired algorithms are studied, including multiscale geometry analysis, compressed sensing, attention mechanism, reinforcement learning, and transfer learning. Next, this article summarizes the data types of remote sensing, the development of typical applications of remote sensing interpretation, and the implementations of remote sensing, including datasets, software, and hardware. Finally, the top ten open problems and the future direction of brain-inspired remote sensing interpretation are discussed. This work aims to comprehensively review the brain mechanisms and the development of remote sensing and to motivate future research on brain-inspired remote sensing interpretation.