Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
International Journal of Food Engineering Heat Inactivation of Mycobacterium avium subsp . paratuberculosis in Aseptically Prepared Ground Beef

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) is the etiologic agent of Johne’s disease in bovine and other ruminants. Concern for public health was raised when the organism was also suggested to be responsible for Crohn’s disease in humans, although the evidence remains inconclusive. Nonetheless, limiting human exposure to Map is viewed as a proper precautionary measure. Hence, the efficacy of heat treatment to control the organism in milk has been studied but it has not been studied to the same extend in meat. In this study, aseptically prepared ground beef was obtained from beef semimembranosus muscle and inoculated with two stains of Map (ATCC 7080 and gN27) to determine the decimal reduction time (D-value) and temperature sensitivity (z-value) for each strain. A 25 g sample of meat was inoculated with 100 ul of culture to a final concentration of 107 cfu/g. The inoculum was evenly distributed in the meat, which was spread in a thin (2 mm) layer of to maximise heat transfer. Treatments were performed at 55, 60, 65 and 70 °C for times allowing a minimum 5-log reduction. D-values decreased significantly with temperature (P < 0.05) ranging from 80.5 ± 6.1 minutes to 12 ± 1 seconds for both Map strains. When compared to Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 7080, D-values were significantly lower for E. coli (P < 0.05) whereas E. faecalis was not consistently more resistant than the two Map strains and, therefore, cannot be used as a surrogate strain for Map control with heat treatment. The z-values were not significantly different (P > 0.05) amongst the four strains and ranged from 5.6 ± 0.1 °C to 6.2 ± 0.3 °C. The results suggest that a low concentration of Map could be controlled with conventional cooking methods.
Genetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of Iodobacter limnosediminis associated with skin lesions in freshwater fish

Abstract The relatively unknown genus Iodobacter sp. has been repeatedly isolated from skin ulcers and saprolegniosis on freshwater fish in Finland, especially farmed salmonids. Genetic characterization verified that all 23 bacterial isolates studied here belonged to the species Iodobacter limnosediminis, previously undescribed from the fish microbiota. Whole‐genome pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis revealed variability between the I. limnosediminis strains, suggesting that they were most likely of environmental origin. Two I. limnosediminis strains caused lesions in 27%–53% of brown trout (Salmo trutta) injected intramuscularly (p ≤ .05). The lesions represented moderate to severe tissue damage, but for most fish, the tissues had been repaired by the end of the experiment through the accumulation of fibrocytes and macrophages at the site of the lesion. I. limnosediminis was reisolated from some lesions and/or internal organs. Phenotypically and biochemically, I. limnosediminis resembles several common bacterial species found in the aquatic environment, as it grows well on several media as whitish medium‐sized colonies, is Gram negative and rod‐shaped. Here, we characterized I. limnosediminis strains with several methods, including MALDI‐TOF. This characterization will help in further investigations into the occurrence and possible involvement of I. limnosediminis in skin lesions of freshwater fish.
Synthesis of unsymmetrical pendant-armed and phosphonic acid-pendant-armed cross-bridged tetraazamacrocycles

The synthesis of a variety of cross-bridged tetraazamacrocycles bearing phosphonate pendant arms and their corresponding phosphonic acid derivatives as well as their Cu(II) complexes are presented. The half-life of decomplexation of Cu(II)·51 in 5M HCl at 90°C was found to be 3.8 hours. Ligand 51 showed faster complexation kinetics relative to known cross-bridged tetraazamacrocycles bearing ionizable pendant arms. The biodistribution of 64Cu(II)·51 was studied in male rats and indicated an improved blood and liver clearance and higher bone retention of 64Cu(II)·51 relative to 64Cu(II)·10. *. The formation of a single pendant-armed cross-bridged cyclam is presented through an unusual single alkylation of cross-bridged cyclam. Several experiments were implemented to probe the origin of the selectivity of the reaction including computational studies, 1D 1H NMR and 2D NMR experiments. Monoamide ligand 64 was used as a springboard for the formation of several unsymmetrical pendant-armed cross-bridged cyclams. *. Attempts were made toward the synthesis of two potential bifunctional chelators for radiopharmaceuticals, each bearing only one phosphonic acid pendant arm and one free carboxylate for conjugation to somatostatin analogues. *.
Regulation of oxygen vacancy types on SnO2 (110) surface by external strain

In tin dioxide nanostructures, oxygen vacancies (OVs) play an important role in their optical properties and thus regulation of both OV concentration and type via external strain is crucial to exploration of more applications. First-principle calculations of SnO2 (110) surface disclose that asymmetric deformations induced by external strain not only lead to its intrinsic surface elastic changes, but also result in different OV formation energy. In the absence of external strain, the energetically favorable oxygen vacancies(EFOV) appear in the bridging site of second layer. When -3.5% external strain is applied along y direction, the EFOV moves into plane site. This can be ascribed that the compressed deformation gives rise to redistribution of electronic wave function near OVs, therefore, formation of newly bond structures. Our results suggest that different type OVs in SnO2 surface can be controlled by strain engineering.
Finite element simulation and statistical investigation of an orthodontic mini-implant’s stability in a novel screw design

One of the essential aspects of the mini-implant’s successful application is its stability after being installed in the bone. The stability of the mini-implant affected the most by its geometry. In the present research, the effect of the geometry-related parameters of the mini-implant on its lateral displacement is investigated by Finite Element (FE) modeling using ABAQUS software. The parameters studied include length, diameter, pitch, and depth of the screw threads; besides, length and angle of the conical section. The Taguchi method was used to prevent many experiments. The mesh convergence tests and experimental tests confirmed the FE model quantitatively and qualitatively. Mean of means and variance analysis determined the parameters significance and their contribution on the stability. The screw diameter and length have the most contribution to mini-implant’ displacement. The effect of screw pitch was less than that for length and diameter. The conical section improved the initial stability by creating compressive stress and additional friction in its surrounding bone. No significant effects on the stability of the mini-implant have been observed for the non-threaded part. By examining the effect of thread depth on its stability by defining the ratio of thread depth to the internal diameter and to maintain the strength of the screw the optimal value for internal to external ratio is set at about 0.7.
Salmonella enterica serovars associated with bacteremia in Canada, 2006-2019.

Background Members of the bacterial genus Salmonella cause salmonellosis, a disease with a spectrum of clinical presentations from a self-limiting gastroenteritis to more severe bacteremia, organ failure and sepsis. The genus consists of over 2,600 serological variants (serovars). Important differences in the pathogenesis of Salmonella serovars have been noted. Objective The purpose of this study was to determine which Salmonella serovars were more likely to be associated with bacteremia in Canada. Methods Information on the total number of Salmonella infections and blood isolations reported to the National Enteric Surveillance Program (NESP) from 2006 to 2019 was extracted for each serovar. The risk (proportion) and likelihood (odds) of bacteremia were calculated for all serovars. Results Of the 96,082 Salmonella cases reported to the NESP during the 14-year study period, 4.4% (95% CI: 4.3%-4.6%) were bacteremic. Twenty nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) serovars were associated with lower rates of bacteremia compared to all NTS serovars, and 19 NTS serovars were identified as having higher rates. Heidelberg, Oranienburg, Schwarzengrund, Virchow, Panama and Poona among the top 25 most commonly reported serovars in Canada during the study period. Conclusion The identification of serovars associated with Salmonella bacteremia in Canada is a first step towards understanding differences in pathogenesis and disease presentation.
Microplastic contamination in Great Lakes fish

Freshwater ecosystems, generally adjacent to human population and more contaminated relative to adjacent marine ecosystems, are vulnerable to microplastic contamination. We sampled 7 species of fish from Lake Ontario and Lake Superior and assessed their gastrointestinal (GI) tracts to quantify ingested microplastics and other anthropogenic particles. A subset of the microparticles were chemically analyzed to confirm polymer types and anthropogenic origins. We documented the highest concentration of microplastics and other anthropogenic microparticles ever reported in bony fish. We found 12,442 anthropogenic microparticles across 212 fish (8 species) from nearshore Lake Ontario, 943 across 50 fish (1 species) from Humber River, and 3094 across 119 fish (7 species) from Lake Superior. Fish from Lake Ontario had the greatest mean abundance of anthropogenic microparticles in their GI tracts (59 particles/fish [SD 104]), with up to 915 microparticles in a single fish. Fish from Lake Superior contained a mean [SD] of 26 [74] particles/fish, and fish from Humber River contained 19 [14] particles/fish. Most particles were microfibers. Overall, ≥90% of particles were anthropogenic, of which 35‐59% were microplastics. Polyethylene (24%), polyethylene terephthalate (20%), and polypropylene (18%) were the most common microplastics. Ingestion of anthropogenic particles was significantly different among species within Lake Ontario (p < 0.05), and the abundance of anthropogenic particles increased as fish length increased in Lake Ontario (ρ = 0.62). Although we cannot extrapolate the concentration of microplastics in the water and sediments of these fish, the relatively high abundance of microplastics in the GI tracts of fish suggests environmental exposure may be above threshold concentrations for risk.
Cationic Carbene Analogues: Donor‐Free Phosphenium and Arsenium Ions

Abstract Carbenes and their analogues have constantly enthralled chemists with their intriguing reactivity of ambiphilic character stemming from their electronic structures. Phosphenium and arsenium ions are fiercely reactive cationic species, the stabilization of which has been so far achieved in the condensed phase by dispersing the positive charge through electromeric conjugation with at least one electron‐rich substituent (frequently amido groups). Although observed in the gas phase, the isolation of dicoordinate phosphenium and arsenium ions lacking such stabilizing ligands has eluded chemists for decades. Herein we show that by judicious choice of aromatic substituents, dicoordinate, donor‐free, Lewis‐superacidic phosphenium and arsenium ions can be kinetically stabilized. They feature singlet electronic ground states possessing a vacant p‐orbital and an electron lone pair with predominantly s‐character.
Russian–German five-year-olds: What omissions in sentence repetition tell us about linguistic knowledge, memory skills and their interrelation

Abstract In error analyses using sentence repetition data, most authors focus on word types of omissions. The current study considers serial order in omission patterns independent of functional categories. Data was collected from Russian and German sentence repetition tasks performed by 53 five-year-old bilingual children. Number and positions of word omissions were analyzed. Serial order effects were found in both languages: medial errors made up the largest percentage of errors. Then, the position of omissions was compared to visuo-verbal n-back working memory and non-verbal visual forward short-term memory scores using stepwise hierarchical linear regression models, taking into account demographic variables and receptive language. The interaction differed between languages: there was a significant negative association between omissions in the medial position in German and the final position in Russian and the visuo-verbal n-back memory score. Our study contributes to the understanding of how working memory and language are intertwined in sentence repetition.
Proteome profiling of chicken ovarian follicles immediately before and after cyclic recruitment

A shotgun proteomics study using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification labeling was conducted to characterize proteins in chicken ovarian follicles immediately before and after cyclic recruitment. Granulosa cell (GC) layers from the most recently recruited follicle (GC9) and from each of the four largest prerecruitment follicles (GC1–4) plus theca tissue (TH) from the most recently recruited (TH9) and largest prerecruitment (TH1) follicles were compared. Of 1535 proteins identified, none were determined to be differentially expressed between TH9 and TH1. A pairwise comparison between GC9 and GC1, GC2, GC3, or GC4 resulted in one, five, five, and six differentially expressed proteins, respectively, including yolk and cholesterol transport proteins (vitellogenin 1–3 and apolipoprotein B). In addition, transforming growth factor‐beta 1 and microRNA‐21 pathways were predicted to be activated at recruitment. We also report, for the first time, the expression of the neuropeptide, RELAXIN‐3 (RLN3), in GC. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction determined RLN3 expression to be highest in GC9 and GC1, but its receptors, RXFP1 and RXFP3, were highest in TH and ovarian stroma, respectively. Overall, cyclic recruitment is associated with changes in protein expression predominantly within follicle GC, and a potential role for RLN3 in follicle recruitment and the initiation of GC differentiation warrants further investigation.
EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor Almonertinib induces apoptosis and autophagy mediated by reactive oxygen species in non-small cell lung cancer cells

Almonertinib, a new third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is highly selective to EGFR T790M-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, there is no available information on the form and molecular mechanism of Almonertinib-induced death in NSCLC cells. Herein, CCK-8 and colony formation assays, flow cytometry, electron microscopy, and western blots assay showed that Almonertinib inhibited NSCLC cells growth and proliferation by inducing apoptosis and autophagy which can be inhibited by a broad spectrum of caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-fmk or autophagy inhibitor chloroquine. Importantly, Almonertinib-induced autophagy was cytoprotective in NSCLC cells, and the blockade of autophagy improved cell apoptosis. In addition, Almonertinib increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and clearance of ROS through pretreatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) inhibited the decrease of cell viability, apoptosis and increase of LC3-II induced by Almonertinib. The results of Western blot showed that both EGFR activity and downstream signaling pathways were inhibited by Almonertinib. Taken together, these findings indicated that Almonertinib induced apoptosis and autophagy by promoting ROS production in NSCLC cells.
Advance in non-noble metal catalysts for catalytic combustion of volatile organic compounds

Catalytic combustion is one of the promising technologies for highly efficient combustion of volatile organic compounds(VOCs). This review covers the recent developments in catalytic combustion of VOCs over non-noble metal catalysts,including single metal oxide catalysts,mixed metal oxide catalysts and perovskite catalysts.Furthermore,the effect of water vapor on the catalytic combustion process is discussed.The process conditions in practical applications should be considered in developing high efficiency non-noble metal catalysts.Catalysis mechanism and catalyst synthesis optimization are two crucial points for the further study on new non-noble metal catalysts.
First-Principles Study of Field Emission Properties of Graphene-ZnO Nanocomposite

The electronic structures and field emission properties of hybrid graphene-ZnO are investigated by density functional theory. The binding energies, energy levels, and the corresponding local electron density distributions of neutral and charged graphene-ZnO in electric fields are analyzed, which show that the electronic structures of graphene-ZnO are modified significantly by the applied electric fields. The reduction of the energy gaps and the change of the electron density distributions of the states in the vicinity of the Fermi level are observed. The work functions of graphene-ZnO decrease linearly with increasing electric fields, which indicate the enhancement of field emission properties. In addition, the ionization potentials decrease drastically with increasing electric fields, which further indicate the improvement of field emission properties of graphene-ZnO. The Hirshfeld charges and the electrostatic potential derived charges are also explored, and it is found that the electron accumulation be.
Feeding of a fat‐enriched diet causes the loss of resistance to contact hypersensitivity

Low‐molecular weight chemicals or metal ions can cause allergic contact dermatitis, an inflammatory skin disease. Mice lacking Toll‐like receptors 2 and 4 (TLR2/4 mice) are resistant to contact hypersensitivity (CHS). In the Western population obesity is increasing, which is known to have a proinflammatory impact.
Albendazole and Mebendazole as Anti-Parasitic and Anti-Cancer Agents: an Update

The use of albendazole and mebendazole, i.e., benzimidazole broad-spectrum anthelmintics, in treatment of parasitic infections, as well as cancers, is briefly reviewed. These drugs are known to block the microtubule systems of parasites and mammalian cells leading to inhibition of glucose uptake and transport and finally cell death. Eventually they exhibit ovicidal, larvicidal, and vermicidal effects on parasites, and tumoricidal effects on hosts. Albendazole and mebendazole are most frequently prescribed for treatment of intestinal nematode infections (ascariasis, hookworm infections, trichuriasis, strongyloidiasis, and enterobiasis) and can also be used for intestinal tapeworm infections (taeniases and hymenolepiasis). However, these drugs also exhibit considerable therapeutic effects against tissue nematode/cestode infections (visceral, ocular, neural, and cutaneous larva migrans, anisakiasis, trichinosis, hepatic and intestinal capillariasis, angiostrongyliasis, gnathostomiasis, gongylonemiasis, thelaziasis, dracunculiasis, cerebral and subcutaneous cysticercosis, and echinococcosis). Albendazole is also used for treatment of filarial infections (lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis, loiasis, mansonellosis, and dirofilariasis) alone or in combination with other drugs, such as ivermectin or diethylcarbamazine. Albendazole was tried even for treatment of trematode (fascioliasis, clonorchiasis, opisthorchiasis, and intestinal fluke infections) and protozoan infections (giardiasis, vaginal trichomoniasis, cryptosporidiosis, and microsporidiosis). These drugs are generally safe with few side effects; however, when they are used for prolonged time (>14–28 days) or even only 1 time, liver toxicity and other side reactions may occur. In hookworms, Trichuris trichiura, possibly Ascaris lumbricoides, Wuchereria bancrofti, and Giardia sp. , there are emerging issues of drug resistance. It is of particular note that albendazole and mebendazole have been repositioned as promising anti-cancer drugs. These drugs have been shown to be active in vitro and in vivo (animals) against liver, lung, ovary, prostate, colorectal, breast, head and neck cancers, and melanoma. Two clinical reports for albendazole and 2 case reports for mebendazole have revealed promising effects of these drugs in human patients having variable types of cancers. However, because of the toxicity of albendazole, for example, neutropenia due to myelosuppression, if high doses are used for a prolonged time, mebendazole is currently more popularly used than albendazole in anti-cancer clinical trials.
Comprehensive profiling of aroma imparting biomolecules in foliar extract of Hibiscus fragrans Roxburgh: a metabologenesis perspective

Abstract Plants possess numerous secondary metabolites imparting flavor and aroma. However, fragrance inducing natural biomolecules and their potential sources are yet to be thoroughly explored. GC-MS analysis of a sweetly scented Malvacean liana; Hibiscus fragrans Roxburgh was conducted to explore and characterize the concerned aroma fingerprints with sound insights on anticipated array of biosynthetic pathways. Leaf extract of the plant was analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. Biosynthetic pathways of signature aroma compounds were deduced utilizing bioinformatic databases and reviewing literatures. A rare fragrant biomolecule ‘2-n-Heptylcyclopentanone’ and 22 other aroma impacting biomolecules were detected and functional attributes were deliberately scrutinized. Interactive biosynthetic pathway schemes for all the 23 aromatic metabolomes including proposal for probable origin of 2-n-Heptylcyclopentanone and six other biomolecules (Pentadecanal; Cis-9-Hexadecenal; 14-Heptadecenal; Octadecanal; Undecane and 1-Decyne) with no previous biosynthesis report; out of a total of 47 GC-MS revealed metabolites were designed. Increased production of fragrant molecules in controlled surroundings availing biotechnological administration through metabolic bioengineering and in vitro tissue culture techniques may offer exciting dimensions to fragrance research. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
The Gombe Ecosystem Health Project: 16 years of program evolution and lessons learned

Infectious disease outbreaks pose a significant threat to the conservation of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and all threatened nonhuman primates. Characterizing and mitigating these threats to support the sustainability and welfare of wild populations is of the highest priority. In an attempt to understand and mitigate the risk of disease for the chimpanzees of Gombe National Park, Tanzania, we initiated a long‐term health‐monitoring program in 2004. While the initial focus was to expand the ongoing behavioral research on chimpanzees to include standardized data on clinical signs of health, it soon became evident that the scope of the project would ideally include diagnostic surveillance of pathogens for all primates (including people) and domestic animals, both within and surrounding the National Park. Integration of these data, along with in‐depth post‐mortem examinations, have allowed us to establish baseline health indicators to inform outbreak response. Here, we describe the development and expansion of the Gombe Ecosystem Health project, review major findings from the research and summarize the challenges and lessons learned over the past 16 years. We also highlight future directions and present the opportunities and challenges that remain when implementing studies of ecosystem health in a complex, multispecies environment.