Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Three Traditional Smoking Methods on the Concentrations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHS) in Smoked Fishes

The effects of three traditional smoking methods on the concentrations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in smoked fishes were studied to determine the concentration of PAHs in locally available and commonly consumed smoked fish species. Samples of two highly traded species of fish, Scomber scombrus and Horse markerel, among the low income people for immediate consumption were purchased from the market and processed using sawdust smoke, firewood smoke and charcoal smoke respectively. Some of the fresh fishes were also analyzed as control. The PAHs content were extracted with standard dichloromethane using solid-liquid extraction, and analyzed using Gas chromatography – Mass spectrophotometer (GC-MS) method. The results showed that fish samples processed with sawdust smoke recorded the highest concentrations of total PAHs, having 1.295 mg/kg in Horse markerel and 2.020 mg/kg in Scomber scombrus, followed by firewood smoked samples with total PAHs content of 0.910mg/kg in Horse markrel and 1.175 g/kg in Scomber scombrus while charcoal smoked samples recorded the least total PAHs levels of 0.590 mg/kg in Horse markerel and 0.960 mg/kg in Scomber scombrus. Benzo(a)pyrene concentrations which is usually used to estimate the carcinogenicity of other PAHs was below detection level in both species of fish. PAH4 was proposed by European food safety authority, recommendation level of 30 mg/kg was concluded by the EU regulation. Any PAHs have been associated with intense carcinogenicity in humans, and thus have implication for the quality and safety of these fish products. Therefore, it is imperative that regulatory bodies conduct awareness campaigns to educate the smoked fish processors, traders and consumers on the need to discourage the use of sawdust in smoking fish and adopt safer and improved methods of smoking fishes.
Surgical management of choke due to trichobezoars in a cow: A case report

Choke or esophageal foreign body obstruction is common condition in cow due to indiscriminate feeding habits. The most common site of obstruction is caudal cervical esophagus. A 7 year old, crossbred cow was presented with a history of sudden onset of ptyalism, bloated abdomen, respiratory distress, restlessness and swollen caudo-ventral cervical part. Physical examination of cervical region revealed partially movable, two round hard masses. Survey radiography showed two spherical (ball) like structures (6.83⁎6.11cm) at the level of C 3 -C 4 and C 5 -C 6 verterbral junction with an outer radiopaque wall and inner radiolucent part. The manual method of pushing foreign body into abdomen using probang and removal through oral cavity was failed due to complete intraluminal obstruction. Left cervical esophagotomy was performed and two trichobezoars (balls) were retrieved. This surgery proved excellent resolution of clinical signs. case describes in detail about the surgical procedure for successful management of a choke due to trichobezoar in a cow.
User-centred research methods in postgraduate teaching

Coventry University School of Art and Design recently expanded its postgraduate offering to include targeted MSc courses aimed at migrating people from one field of experience into another, e.g., engineering to industrial product design. A common feature is the emphasis placed on research methods underpinning design activity. Project outputs are evaluated against the application of relevant and appropriate design principles. This paper explores the impact of user-centred design as part of the MSc experience and its role in transition from one area of expertise to another. Projects are prefaced by taught research methods covering quantitative and qualitative approaches, emphasising ethnographic processes. The benefits of a range of user-centred research approaches and methods are outlined and project case studies are presented. The effectiveness of methods for use in student projects are discussed, both in terms of informing the approach and for resolving practical constraints faced by students in their ow.
Prediction and Analysis in silico of Genomic Islands in Aeromonas hydrophila

Aeromonas are Gram-negative rods widely distributed in the environment. They can cause severe infections in fish related to financial losses in the fish industry, and are considered opportunistic pathogens of humans causing infections ranging from diarrhea to septicemia. The objective of this study was to determine in silico the contribution of genomic islands to A. hydrophila. The complete genomes of 17 A. hydrophila isolates, which were separated into two phylogenetic groups, were analyzed using a genomic island (GI) predictor. The number of predicted GIs and their characteristics varied among strains. Strains from group 1, which contains mainly fish pathogens, generally have a higher number of predicted GIs, and with larger size, than strains from group 2 constituted by strains recovered from distinct sources. Only a few predicted GIs were shared among them and contained mostly genes from the core genome. Features related to virulence, metabolism, and resistance were found in the predicted GIs, but strains varied in relation to their gene content. In strains from group 1, O Ag biosynthesis clusters OX1 and OX6 were identified, while strains from group 2 each had unique clusters. Metabolic pathways for myo-inositol, L-fucose, sialic acid, and a cluster encoding QueDEC, tgtA5, and proteins related to DNA metabolism were identified in strains of group 1, which share a high number of predicted GIs. No distinctive features of group 2 strains were identified in their predicted GIs, which are more diverse and possibly better represent GIs in this species. However, some strains have several resistance attributes encoded by their predicted GIs. Several predicted GIs encode hypothetical proteins and phage proteins whose functions have not been identified but may contribute to Aeromonas fitness. In summary, features with functions identified on predicted GIs may confer advantages to host colonization and competitiveness in the environment.
Identification of the effectiveness of higher education marketing strategies using social media

There are many ways that universities can promote their programs and services to get the attention of prospective buyers. One strategy is to use social media to promote its products and services. Furthermore, the author believes that the successful promotion of various products owned by investment will determine the University's progress. We obtained data from publications such as comma books, journals, and several websites discussing university marketing promotion issues on social media pages to fill out this discussion. To answer this royal question, we have to go through the data analysis process by following the rules of scientific studies, including through a coding data evaluation system and drawing conclusions considering that the data we present is valid and reliable. Finally, we can conclude after reviewing the data and also in-depth discussions where we found that the effectiveness of marketing through social media for investment products and services is very appropriate and effective considering that today social media has become a place not only for young people to be friends but also a place for young people to become friends, and literature for business purposes as well as promotion including promotion of high change programs.
Modeling of parameters for nano‐scale surrounding‐gate MOSFET considering quantum mechanical effect

In this paper, an analytical surface potential and threshold voltage model for surrounding gate metal‐oxide semiconductor field‐effect transistor are proposed considering the quantum mechanical effect (QME). Considering variable Fermi potential along the channel, a simple relation between the eigen energies and the potential energy distribution is also provided for the first time. The variation of surface potential and the threshold voltage due to QMEs are computed analytically without using any numerical iteration technique in the model. QME on drain‐induced barrier lowering and threshold voltage roll‐off are also studied to provide a more accurate model. The proposed models are compared with existing surface potential and threshold voltage models and validated by comparing with the simulated results obtained from the 2D device simulator ATLAS of Integrated Systems Engineering Technology Computer Aided Design (ISE TCAD). Very good agreement of our model with TCAD is obtained for a wide variation of device parameters. Hence, the models will aid the designing of practical surrounding gate nano‐wire transistors. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estetrol: A New Choice for Contraception

Estetrol (E4) is a natural estrogenic steroid that is normally produced by human fetal liver. Recent research has demonstrated that it is a potent, orally bioavailable, natural selective estrogen receptor modulator; it has a moderate affinity for both human estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and ERβ, with a preference for ERα. Clinical studies have demonstrated possible use as an estrogen in combined oral contraceptives (COC). COCs containing E4 and drospirenone (DRSP) showed a high acceptability, tolerability, and user satisfaction also when compared to COCs containing ethinylestradiol (EE). E4/DRSP effectively inhibits ovulation, with a similar effect on endometrium thickness than that of EE-containing COCs. Low doses (15 mg) of E4 with DRSP (3 mg) showed promising results in term of bleeding pattern and cycle control, also when compared to other COCs containing synthetic estrogens. Moreover, the association has limited effects on serum lipids, liver, SHBG levels, and carbohydrate metabolism. This combination also could drive a lower risk of venous thromboembolism than EE-containing COCs. In this review, we will summarize the actual knowledge about the new E4-containing contraceptive. Further large-scale studies in the full target population are needed to provide more insights into the cardiovascular safety profile and user satisfaction of E4/DRSP.
Effect of Air Purifier Use in the Classrooms on Indoor Air Quality—Case Study

Dissatisfaction with indoor air quality is common even in relatively new or renovated Polish school buildings. To improve air quality in educational buildings, portable devices have seen increased use, for which manufacturers guarantee a high level of indoor air purification. However, their optimized operation largely depends on their correct use. The aim of this article was to determine the effectiveness of air purification in a primary school using an air purification device with an analysis of the classroom indoor air quality (IAQ). Two criteria were used, microbiological and particulate matter concentration. Measurements were made before device installation and during its continuous operation, and before and after lessons on chosen days. Measurements related to IAQ did not detect clear differences in the analyzed measurement periods. For microbiological contamination, in the morning before lessons, the total count for all bacteria and microscopic fungi was definitely lower than after lessons. Comparing the periods before and after device installation, no clear tendency for reducing the bacteria count or microscopic fungi occurred during air purifier operation, nor was there any noticeable trend in the reduction of particulate matter. There was no improvement in air quality in the classrooms during the operation of the purification devices.
Spectral-energy dispersal in digital communication-satellite systems

Communication-satellite systems employing analogue or digital modulation techniques generally require some means of artificially dispersing their spectra to reduce interference to other services sharing the same frequency bands. In digital systems, the dispersal can be obtained by the modulo-2 addition of a pseudorandom sequence to the information signal. Expressions have been derived for the maximum spectral power in the signals of time-division multiple-access systems employing p.s. k. modulation and using this means of dispersal. The spectral density due to the preambles in such signals is also determined. An example of the practical application of the expressions is given.
Miniaturized band stop filter using swirl‐type microstrip transmission line based on dual CRLH structure

The swirl‐type unit cell with a dual composite right/left‐handed property on microstrip transmission line is proposed. The equivalent circuit of the proposed unit cell has been derived from the physical geometry of swirl‐type shape. The unit cell with a compact size has good characteristics and has been used in the miniaturized filter design. Therefore, the band stop filter has been designed by cascading several swirl‐type cells and implemented on microstrip transmission line. The simulated and the measured results show good agreements in interest band. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2867–2871, 2014
Collaborative emergency management and national emergency management network

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze scholarly discussions and findings regarding collaborative emergency management (CEM). Several aspects such as leadership, decision making, intergovernmental and interorganizational relations, technology applications in CEM have been investigated.Design/methodology/approach – Literature review was conducted using three popular search data bases, Academic Search Premier, Academic OneFile, and Info Track OneFile using the following keywords: CEM, collaborative and emergency and management, collaborative networks, emergency networks, emergency network, interorganizational networks, Interorganizational and networks, intergovernmental and networks, and National Emergency Management Network (NEMN). Findings – The paper emphasizes that high expectations of public and stakeholders in emergency and disaster management require effective use of resources by collaborative networks.Practical implications – Emergency and disaster managers should be able to adopt their or.
Carboxymethyl Cellulose Hydrogel from Biomass Waste of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Using Calcium Chloride as Crosslinking Agent

Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is modified cellulose extracted from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) biomass waste that has been prepared through etherification using sodium monochloroacetate (SMCA) in the presence of sodium hydroxide. In this research, CMC hydrogel was prepared using calcium chloride (CaCl2) as the chemical crosslinker. Throughout the optimization process, four important parameters were studied, which were: (1) CMC concentration, (2) CaCl2 concentration, (3) reaction time, and (4) reaction temperature. From the results, the best gel content obtained was 28.11% at 20% (w/v) of CMC with 1% (w/v) of CaCl2 in 24 h reaction at room temperature. Meanwhile, the degree of swelling for CMC hydrogel was 47.34 g/g. All samples were characterized using FT-IR, XRD, TGA, and FESEM to study and compare modification on the OPEFB cellulose. The FT-IR spectrum of CMC hydrogel showed a shift of COO− peaks at 1585 cm−1 and 1413 cm−1, indicating the substitution of Ca2+ into the CMC molecular chains. The XRD diffractogram of CMC hydrogel showed no observation of sharp peaks, which signified an amorphous hydrogel phase. The CrI value also proved the decrement of the crystalline nature of CMC hydrogel. TGA–DTG thermograms showed that the Tmax of CMC hydrogel at 293.33 °C is slightly better in thermal stability compared to CMC. Meanwhile, the FESEM micrograph of CMC hydrogel showed interconnected pores indicating the crosslinkages in CMC hydrogel. CMC hydrogel was successfully synthesized using CaCl2 as a crosslinking agent, and its swelling ability can be used in various applications such as drug delivery systems, industrial effluent, food additives, heavy metal removal, and many more.
Software Testing - Principles, Lifecycle, Limitations and Methods

Software testing provides a means to reduce errors, cut maintenance and overall software costs. Various software development and testing methodologies, tools, and techniques have emerged over the last few decades promising to enhance software quality. While it can be argued that there has been some improvement it is apparent that many of the techniques and tools are isolated to a specific lifecycle phase or functional area. One of the major problems within software testing area is how to get a suitable set of cases to test a software system. This set should assure maximum effectiveness with the least possible number of test cases. There are now numerous testing techniques available for generating test cases.
Bacteria from Infectious Particles to Cell Based Anticancer Targeted Drug Delivery Systems

Bacterial ghosts (BGs) are empty cell envelopes of nonliving evacuated bacterial cells. They are free from their cytoplasmic contents; however, they sustain their cellular 3D morphology and antigenic structures, counting on bioadhesive properties. Lately, they have been tested as an advanced drug delivery system (DDS) for different materials like DNA, peptides, or drugs, either single components or combinations. Different studies have revealed that, BG DDS were paid the greatest attention in recent years. The current review explores the impact of BGs on the field of drug delivery and drug targeting. BGs have a varied area of applications, including vaccine and tumor therapy. Moreover, the use of BGs, their synthesis, their uniqueness as a delivery system and application principles in cancer are discussed. Furthermore, the safety issues of BGs and stability aspects of using ghost bacteria as delivery systems are discussed. Future perspective efforts that must be followed for this important system to continue to grow are important and promising.
98.8%! Is project failure acceptable and inevitable?

Project management is in crisis; albeit largely unrecognized and unacknowledged. This crisis manifests itself in the continued poor performance of projects with a significant percentage, maybe as high as 98.8% (The Standish Group, 2014b), failing to deliver beneficial change. Until this crisis is dissolved projects will not produce the powerful results they are capable of. In this paper the author will examine three reviews of project failure and argue that these reviews do not address the root causes of project failure and that a focus on cost and time is a cause of project failure and the lists of causes are in fact symptoms of this singular perspective.
CFTR limits F‐actin formation and promotes morphological alignment with flow in human lung microvascular endothelial cells

Micro‐ and macrovascular endothelial dysfunction in response to shear stress has been observed in cystic fibrosis (CF), and has been associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. We tested the hypothesis that the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) regulates endothelial actin cytoskeleton dynamics and cellular alignment in response to flow. Human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVEC) were cultured with either the CFTR inhibitor GlyH‐101 (20 µM) or CFTRinh‐172 (20 µM), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α (10 ng/ml) or a vehicle control (0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide) during 24 and 48 h of exposure to shear stress (11.1 dynes/cm2) or under static control conditions. Cellular morphology and filamentous actin (F‐actin) were assessed using immunocytochemistry. [Nitrite] and endothelin‐1 ([ET‐1]) were determined in cell culture supernatant by ozone‐based chemiluminescence and ELISA, respectively. Treatment of HLMVECs with both CFTR inhibitors prevented alignment of HLMVEC in the direction of flow after 24 and 48 h of shear stress, compared to vehicle control (both p < 0.05). Treatment with TNF‐α significantly increased total F‐actin after 24 h versus control (p < 0.05), an effect that was independent of shear stress. GlyH‐101 significantly increased F‐actin after 24 h of shear stress versus control (p < 0.05), with a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in cortical F‐actin under both static and flow conditions. Shear stress decreased [ET‐1] after 24 h (p < 0.05) and increased [nitrite] after 48 h (p < 0.05), but neither [nitrite] nor [ET‐1] was affected by GlyH‐101 (p > 0.05). CFTR appears to limit cytosolic actin polymerization, while maintaining a cortical rim actin distribution that is important for maintaining barrier integrity and promoting alignment with flow, without effects on endothelial nitrite or ET‐1 production.
Discrete-time quasi-sliding mode control of an autonomous underwater vehicle

This paper presents a discrete-time quasi-sliding mode controller for an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) in the presence of parameter uncertainties and a long sampling interval. The AUV, named VORAM, is used as a model for the verification of the proposed control algorithm. Simulations of depth control and contouring control are performed for a numerical model of the AUV with full nonlinear equations of motion to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control schemes when the vehicle has a long sampling interval. By using the discrete-time quasi-sliding mode control law, experiments on depth control of the AUV are performed in a towing tank. The controller makes the system stable in the presence of system uncertainties and even external disturbances without any observer nor any predictor producing high rate estimates of vehicle states. As the sampling interval becomes large, the effectiveness of the proposed control law is more prominent when compared with the conventional sliding mode controller.
Optimisation and regime characterisation of monolithic semiconductor mode-locked lasers and colliding-pulse mode-locked lasers at microwave and millimetre-wave frequencies

The optimisation of the saturable absorber section length for mode-locked ridge waveguide lasers in GaAs/AlGaAs double quantum-well material is reported. Mode-locked lasers and colliding-pulse mode-locked lasers were fabricated using a simple self-alignment process. Regime analysis and signal characterisation are performed as a function of the laser cavity and saturable absorber section lengths. Device degradation is evaluated and compared in both configurations. Device performance in the frequency domain is assessed using both an external fast photodiode and the saturable absorber section, and the direct generation of millimetre-wave signal through the saturable section is discussed.
Surface Coating of Cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (HMX) Particles and Its Property Investigation

To improve the safety of cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (HMX) particles, the polymer thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU) and nitrocellulose (NC) were introduced to coat HMX powder by water-solution suspension method and internal solution method, respectively. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray photo-electron spectrometry (XPS) were employed to characterize the HMX samples and the role of NC and TPU in the coating processes were discussed. The impact sensitivity, friction sensitivity, and the thermal decomposition of coated HMX particles were investigated, and compared to the unprocessed ones. The results indicate that both TPU and NC can improve the wetting ability of the coating materials on HMX surface and reinforce the connection between HMX and the coating materials. The impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity of HMX samples decrease obviously after they have been surface coated; the drop height (H50) is increased from 35.24 cm to 50.08 cm, and the friction probability is reduced from 93.2 % to 58.3%. The activation energy (Ea) and the self-ignition temperature increase by 10.46 KJ·mol-1 and 1.8, respectively.