Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perception-Driven Imperceptible Adversarial Attack Against Decision-Based Black-Box Models

Adversarial examples (AEs) pose significant threats to deep neural networks (DNNs), as they can deceive models into making wrong predictions through craftily-designed perturbations. The emergence of decision-based attacks, which rely solely on the top-1 decision label, further increases risks for real-world black-box models. Currently, the prevailing practice for generating AEs in the decision-based setting involves penalizing adversarial perturbations with the $\ell _{p}$ -norm. However, this approach often overlooks the human perception of adversarial perturbations in real-world scenarios. To tackle this issue, we propose a novel and efficient Imperceptible Decision-based Black-box Attack (IDBA). Our method prioritizes optimizing the perception-related distribution of perturbations, rather than solely focusing on the $\ell _{p}$ -norm. Specifically, IDBA analyzes the perceptual preferences of both models and the human vision system, selectively perturbing components that influence model decisions yet remain imperceptible to human eyes. Extensive experiments demonstrate that IDBA outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in terms of invisibility and query efficiency. Notably, IDBA achieves a high Feature SIMilarity (FSIM) score of 0.92 with only 4,800 queries, while simultaneously reducing the Learned Perceptual Image Patch Similarity (LPIPS) to 0.12, showcasing its ability to remain imperceptible.
Phyllanthus urinaria (Phyllanthaceae), first record of an alien species naturalized in Cuba / Phyllanthus urinaria (Phyllanthaceae), primer registro de una especie exótica naturalizada en Cuba

Phyllanthus urinaria (Phyllanthaceae), first record of an alien species naturalized in Cuba Phyllanthus urinaria (Phyllanthaceae), primer registro de una especie exotica naturalizada en Cuba Recibido: noviembre 2016 Aceptado: enero 2016 Publicado: 28 de abril de 2016
Analysis and Implementation of a High Voltage Gain 1 MHz Bidirectional DC–DC Converter

Circuit analysis and design criteria of a two-phase bidirectional converter with high voltage gain are presented in this paper. The operating principle of the forward or reverse mode is similar to that of the conventional buck or boost converter. Compared with the conventional converter, the switch stresses can be reduced significantly depending on the operating region of the voltage ratio in the two-phase converter. The power losses can also be reduced due to the use of low-voltage rating switches. The derivate converters are discussed to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed topology. A 200 W/1 MHz two-phase prototype converter with gallium nitride (GaN) devices is built and tested to verify the feasibility.
Comparative Analysis of Public Space from Urban Sustainability

As the main public building representing a city, the city hall is positioned easily accessible to the citizens. In addition to the plazas, it plays a role of embodying the livelihood of urban residents. This study examines the design competition for the Chuncheon city hall from urban sustainability, in the internal aspects of the building as well as the areas external to the building from an urban perspective. By comparing 4 proposals of design competition, the way in which common space can enhance urban amenity and effectively manifest the mobility of urban residents, as well as the flexibility to cope with future expansion and exchange. According to the environmental and technological terms, the most important aspect is passive circulation, which must be considered as a significant planning gesture, which is able to coordinate the various planning elements in order to achieve successful environmental sustainability.
Characterization of Pastures Using Field and Imaging Spectrometers

Pasturelands cover extensive areas of non-iced land in the world and are distributed across diverse ecosystems [1]. This landcover type is of interest in terms of feed availability, quality for livestock production, and regional ecosystem functioning. Biophysical and biochemical properties of pastures are highly variable and are altered by environmental conditions such as climate, soils, and human management. It is critical to understand changes in pastures under human–environment interactions in order to provide relevant information to management practices as well as estimate the impacts on regional ecosystem functioning. Remote sensing has played an important role in monitoring pasture dynamics and providing estimates of pasture properties using multispectral sensors. From the pasture management perspective, one of the ultimate goals for the use of remote sensing would be the quantification of biophysical and biochemical properties of pasture based solely on remotely sensed data, data that are available at a low cost and do not require time-consuming and costly field CONTENTS
Monolithic Integration of a Microwave Amplifier and a Multisource Energy Harvesting Circuit

In this letter, a $1.76\times1.76$ mm monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) includes a self-health monitoring radio frequency (RF) amplifier and a multisource energy harvesting (EH) circuit is proposed. The power amplifier (PA) integrates a three-port filter at the input port to reduce standing waves, a thermopile to monitor the temperature, and a terminal power sensor at the output port to enable in-line measurement of output power. In addition, the multisource EH circuit collects heat, standing wave, optical or electrostatic (if present) energy simultaneously through the integrated thermopile, the three-port filter, and a diode chain. This design improves the robustness of the circuit while also harvesting the energy generated in the circuit and reusing it for future power supply. In the experiments, the output performance of the amplifier, the energy harvesters, and the multisource EH circuit are measured and analyzed. When the input RF power is 0 dBm and the center frequency is 4.3 GHz, the amplifier power gain is 10.6 dB, and the open-circuit output voltages of the integrated thermopile and the multisource EH circuit are 1.88 and 458.88 mV, respectively.
Youth Engagement in Agribusiness: Perception, Constraints, and Skill Training Interventions in Africa: A Systematic Review

The participation of young people in agriculture is crucial in generating job opportunities and fostering the growth of agri-food systems in developing countries, particularly in Africa. This study aims to provide an in-depth review of existing studies on young people’s perceptions and factors influencing their participation in agribusiness. Additionally, the study aims to investigate the impact of the skill training intervention on youth engagement in agribusiness. The study also identifies and analyzes the constraints that hindered their engagement. The PRISMA guideline was followed to analyze 57 studies across Sub-Saharan Africa. Studies published from 2012 to 2022 were retrieved from various digital libraries, such as Google Scholar, Emerald Insight, Taylor & Francis Online, Wiley Online Library, and Science Direct. The review findings highlight that many young people in Africa view agriculture as a profitable industry and a means of subsistence. However, it was also observed that there are divergent opinions regarding agribusiness among young individuals. Factors such as access to finance, education, skills training, perceived social support, and prior experience in farming emerged as critical determinants influencing their decision to engage in agribusiness. Moreover, the study reveals that skill training programs positively impact youth participation in agribusiness. These interventions enhance their skills, increasing productivity, income, and employment opportunities. Nevertheless, access to finance and other essential resources, such as land and extension support, were identified as significant barriers to the involvement of young people in agribusiness. In order to promote the advancement of agri-food systems in Africa through youth participation, youth policies must prioritize access to various resources, including but not limited to capital, education, skills training, land, extension support, social support, mentoring, and private-sector involvement.
IMPROVEMENT OF FINE MOTOR SKILLS IN CEREBRAL PARETIC PATIENTS

The aim of this review is to give an overview of the ADL functions in children and young adults with cerebral palsy and our planned studies. For measuring the ADL functions, the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) and the Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM) will be used. The hand functions will be analyzed by the Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test (QUEST). The fine motor skills of the hand will be revealed by using the selected subtests of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT-2). Based on the outcomes of the measures, a complex therapeutic protocol will be implemented including the elements of the ergo and manual therapy, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF), and piano therapy. It is anticipated that the complex therapy adapted to individual needs will result in significant improvement in the ADL functions in disabled children and young adults.
Microbial and Monosaccharide Composition of Biofilms Developing on Sandy Loams from an Aquifer Contaminated with Liquid Radioactive Waste

The development of microbial biofilms increases the survival of microorganisms in the extreme conditions of ecosystems contaminated with components of liquid radioactive waste (LRW) and may contribute to the successful bioremediation of groundwater. The purpose of this work was to compare the composition of the microorganisms and the exopolysaccharide matrix of the biofilms formed on sandy loams collected at the aquifer from a clean zone and from a zone with nitrate and radionuclide contamination. The aquifer is polluted from the nearby surface repository for liquid radioactive waste (Russia). The phylogenetic diversity of prokaryotes forming biofilms on the sandy loams’ surface was determined during 100 days using high-throughput sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA genes. Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the development of microbial biofilms on the sandy loams. The ratio of proteins and carbohydrates in the biofilms changed in the course of their development, and the diversity of monosaccharides decreased, depending on the contamination of the sites from which the rocks were selected. The presence of pollution affects biofilm formation and EPS composition along with the dominant taxa of microorganisms and their activity. Biofilms establish a concentration gradient of the pollutant and allow the microorganisms involved to effectively participate in the reduction of nitrate and sulfate; they decrease the risk of nitrite accumulation during denitrification and suppress the migration of radionuclides. These biofilms can serve as an important barrier in underground water sources, preventing the spread of pollution. Pure cultures of microorganisms capable of forming a polysaccharide matrix and reducing nitrate, chromate, uranyl, and pertechnetate ions were isolated from the biofilms, which confirmed the possibility of their participation in the bioremediation of the aquifer from nonradioactive waste components and the decrease in the radionuclides’ migration.
Hot Chili Peppers Help Uncover the Secrets of Pain

Our life experience is shaped by our senses. We see, hear, smell, touch, and taste the things around us, and this is how we get to know the world. In my research, I study receptors—small sensing structures present on cell membranes that react to stimuli from the environment or from within the body. The receptors I tell you about in this article are sensitive to pain and heat, and they respond both to high temperatures and to spicy substances, such as hot chili peppers. We believe that, by studying the structures of these receptors and gaining a better understanding of how they operate, we will be able to develop new drugs to treat long-lasting pain more effectively and safely. Read this article to learn how the chili pepper has opened the door for us to uncover some great mysteries of the sensation of pain, paving the way toward future pain treatments.
Signal Detection of Cooperative Multi-Hop Mobile Molecular Communication via Diffusion

The data-driven detectors based on deep learning have promising applications in signal detection with unknown channel parameters of molecular communication via diffusion (MCvD) system. In this paper, a signal detector for cooperative multi-hop mobile MCvD system with amplify-forward relaying strategy by using Transformer-based model is proposed. The mathematical expressions of the numbers of received molecules when considering two transmission schemes including multi-molecule-type (MMT) and single-molecule-type (SMT) are derived in order to generate the training dataset. On this basis, the training dataset is used to train the Transformer-based model offline. Then the trained Transformer-based model is adopted to detect the received signal under unknown channel parameters under MMT and SMT. Numerical results show that the Transformer-based model performs the best detection ability in cooperative multi-hop mobile MCvD system with lowest bit error rate of signal detection compared with deep neural networks (DNN) detector and convolutional neural networks (CNN) detector.
Nekatere značilnosti biotske pestrosti živalstva slovenskih gozdov

Ve~ kot polovico slovenskega ozemlja pokriva gozd, ki je najpomembnej{a naravna dedi{~ina. Zaradi sonaravnega gospodarjenja je dobro ohranjen, z bogato razvitimi rastlinskimi in `ivalskimi zdru`bami. V njem prebiva ve~ina slovenskih `ivalskih vrst in njihovo pre`ivetje je odvisno od stanja gozda. Vrstno sestavo slabo poznamo, natan~neje so na posameznih mestih obdelane le nekatere `ivalske skupine, kot so sesalci (Mammalia), ptice (Aves), metulji (Lepidoptera), pajki (Aranea), strige (Chilopoda), oribatide (Oribatida), de`evniki (Lumbricidae) in druge. Rezultati teh obdelav ka`ejo na veliko alfa in gama diverziteto, ki ju razlagamo z ohranjenostjo gozdnih ekosistemov, dana{njo klimo, orografsko in reliefno razgibano pokrajino, heterogenostjo geolo{ke podlage in tal. Velika vrstna raznolikost nevreten~arjev in {tevilne endemne vrste posameznih manj{ih obmo~ij so posledica bli`ine refugijev v posameznih klimatskih obdobjih. Fragmentacija populacij v preteklosti je pogojevala polihotomno speciacijo. Biodiverziteta gozdnate krajine je ogro`enazaradi globalnih sprememb in poseganja ~loveka. Klimatska sprememba jenapomembnej{a globalna sprememba, ki spreminja osnovno vegetacijsko sestavo. ^lovek negativno vpliva na biodiverziteto gozda s fragmentacijo gozda,pri ~emer so prizadete predvsem specializirane gozdne vrste. S selektivno se~njo in pomlajevanjem vpliva na osnovno vegetacijsko sestavo, razporeditev in dele`e posameznih razvojnih faz ter na koli~ino mrtve biomase.
Situación espacial de la pobreza en el Distrito Federal, Milpa Alta 1990-2010

La presente investigacion esta orientada a la identificacion espacial de la pobreza a nivel del Distrito Federal (DF), que unicamente sirve de contexto para la visualizacion de zonas, en particular delegaciones, donde existe el nivel mas alto de pobreza: Milpa Alta. Condicion que permite el probable registro regional al interior de dicha delegacion; tomando como referencia las Areas Geo-Estadisticas Basicas (ageb) en un principio y las manzanas en segundo y final analisis, para la identificacion de las zonas con mayor precariedad en la delegacion mas pobre del DF, para su probable reduccion. Clasificacion JEL: C02, I32, I38, R59. Abstract This research is aimed at identifying the spatial poverty at the Federal District (DF), a condition that only provides context for viewing areas, in particular delegations, where there is the highest level of poverty: Milpa Alta. Condition that allows the likely regional registration within the delegation; by reference to the Geo-Statistics Basic Areas (AGEB) at first and second blocks and final analysis, to identify areas with poorer rate poorest delegation DF for probable reduction.
Identifying spatial clustering in change points of streamflow across the contiguous U.S. between 1945 and 2009

Much of the work investigating sudden changes in streamflow in the U.S. has used only a small subset of all available gage data and has identified only a single change point in each gage's period of record. In this paper, we apply a change point detection and clustering algorithm that uses all U.S. Geological Survey flow gages with near‐continuous records, detects multiple change points in annual streamflow, and groups change points into geographic clusters which are not predefined by any political or hydrologic boundaries. We identify 17 spatially distinct change point clusters, 14 of which are related to concurrent changes in precipitation. Several geographic regions display multiple clusters, indicating multiple change points in time. The presence of abrupt changes in streamflow suggests that natural variability in the climate signal may be dominating observed streamflow variations in the last 60 years in many locations in the contiguous U.S.
Variabilité intra-saisonnière de la pluviométrie et émergence de la fièvre de la vallée du Rift dans la vallée du fleuve Sénégal : nouvelles considérations

Rainfall intra seasonal variability and Rift valley fever emergence in Senegal river basin: new considerations Rainfall intra-seasonal variability analysis in Barkédji, Ross-Béthio and Ranérou, localities where Rift Valley Fever (RVF) events have occurred respectively in 1993, 1994, 1999 and 2002 helps to see that all these rainy seasons end with a rainfall pick preceded by a long dry spell which had some consequences on water ponds. Such heavy rains which occurred at the end of rainy season allow the maintenance to a high level Culex population density on the one hand and on the other hand be at the origin of bursting Aedes eggs. Thanks to potential vertical transmission of Rift Valley Fever virus in Aedes species, the virus meets up a suitable environment associated with possibilities of scattering and amplification. The combination of all these factors let consider that the RVF emergence at the end of the rainy season should be put in relation with rainfall rhythm at this moment of the year.
PAN in the eastern Pacific free troposphere: A satellite view of the sources, seasonality, interannual variability, and timeline for trend detection

Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) is an important trace gas that serves to transport nitrogen oxide radicals throughout the troposphere. We present an analysis of satellite observations of PAN from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) over the eastern Pacific Ocean for April and July 2006–2010 and the spring‐to‐summer seasonal transition for 2006. TES can provide quantitative estimates of free tropospheric PAN in clear‐sky or thin cloud conditions where elevated PAN (>0.2 ppbv) is present. The percentage of successful PAN detections increases from April to July and then decreases in August and September. However, there are no significant differences in the tropospheric average PAN either interannually or between these months. Plumes containing elevated PAN are present almost every day in July. Elevated PAN observed in July has multiple sources, including fires in Siberia, anthropogenic sources in eastern China, and recirculated pollution from the continental U.S. We combined the observed variability in the TES PAN retrievals over the eastern Pacific Ocean with a range of possible trends in PAN to determine the observational requirements to detect such trends. Based on the variability observed in the PAN retrievals over this region, we predict that it would be faster to detect a trend of a given magnitude in PAN using satellite observations over the eastern Pacific Ocean region rather than in situ surface observations and that a trend of a given magnitude would be more quickly detected in summer than spring.
Sloganowa funkcja tytułów w publicystyce politycznej Dmytra Doncowa

The Slogan Function of Titles in Dmytro Dontsov’s Political Journalism The aim of this article is to analyse the function of titles of Dmytro Dontsov’s works and to prove the validity of the hypothesis of their “slogan” nature. Dontsov (1883–1973) consciously used a number of linguistic devices for persuasive purposes. The polemical nature of his political writings was also reflected in the titles he gave to his texts. In Dontsov’s works, one can distinguish a number of lexically, semantically, phraseologically, or metaphorically marked titles, which allowed us to hypothesise that many of the examined titles play a role similar to that of a political slogan. The analysed titles contain elements that make it easier for the recipient to assimilate their condensed message. We notice the conciseness of the message and the deliberate use of a number of linguistic, eristic and stylistic means. This leads to the conclusion that such a construction of the title serves, similarly to advertising or political slogans, to mobilise and motivate the recipient-reader. Sloganowa funkcja tytułów w publicystyce politycznej Dmytra Doncowa Celem artykułu jest analiza funkcji tytułów utworów Dmytra Doncowa oraz udowodnienie słuszności hipotezy o ich „sloganowym” charakterze. Doncow (1883–1973) dla celów perswazyjnych świadomie wykorzystywał szereg środków językowych, przy czym polemiczny charakter pism politycznych Doncowa przejawiał się także w tym, jak tytułował swoje teksty. W jego twórczości można wyróżnić szereg tytułów nacechowanych leksykalnie, semantycznie, frazeologicznie czy metaforycznie, co pozwala postawić hipotezę, że wiele z nich pełni rolę zbliżoną do hasła politycznego. Analizowane tytuły zawierają elementy ułatwiające odbiorcy przyswojenie ich skondensowanego przekazu. W tytułach Doncowa zauważamy zwięzłość przekazu oraz celowe użycie szeregu środków językowych, erystycznych i stylistycznych. Prowadzi to do wniosku, że taka konstrukcja tytułu służy, podobnie jak ma to miejsce w przypadku sloganów, mobilizacji odbiorcy-czytelnika do politycznej aktywności.
Can Grid Cells Help Us Understand The Brain?

This article is based on an interview between the two authors.Grid cells are special brain cells that play a key role in the brain’s navigation system. Research on these cells is one of the most interesting and rapidly advancing topics in brain science today. Much has changed since my colleagues and I discovered grid cells in 2005, and even since we were awarded the Nobel Prize in 2014. In this article, I will describe the advancements that transformed the field of grid cell research and tell you about the way that we study grid cells today. Finally, I will give you a peek into how we hope to use our understanding of grid cells as a “window” to understanding the brain as a whole.