Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Underwater optical wireless communication network

The growing need for underwater observation and subsea monitoring systems has stimulated considerable interest in advancing the enabling technologies of underwater wireless communication and underwater sensor networks. This communication technology is expected to play an important role in investigating climate change, in monitoring biological, biogeochemical, evolutionary, and ecological changes in the sea, ocean, and lake environments, and in helping to control and maintain oil production facilities and harbors using unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs), submarines, ships, buoys, and divers. However, the present technology of underwater acoustic communication cannot provide the high data rate required to investigate and monitor these environments and facilities. Optical wireless communication has been proposed as the best alternative to meet this challenge. Models are presented for three kinds of optical wireless communication links: (a) a line-of-sight link, (b) a modulating retroreflector link, and (c) a reflective link, all of which can provide the required data rate. We analyze the link performance based on these models. From the analysis, it is clear that as the water absorption increases, the communication performance decreases dramatically for the three link types. However, by using the scattered light it was possible to mitigate this decrease in some cases. It is concluded from the analysis that a high-data-rate underwater optical wireless network is a feasible solution for emerging applications such as UUV-to-UUV links and networks of sensors, and extended ranges in these applications could be achieved by applying a multi-hop concept.
Standard relativistic reference systems and the IAU framework

Abstract The IAU framework for relativistic reference systems is based upon the work by Brumberg and Kopeikin and by Damour, Soffel and Xu (DSX). We begin with a brief introduction into the DSX-formalism. After that the various IAU Resolutions concerning relativistic astronomical reference systems are discussed. Finally, it is indicated how the expansion of the universe can be considered in the BCRS.
The impact of alcoholic drinks and dietary factors on epigenetic markers associated with triglyceride levels

Background: Many epigenetic loci have been associated with plasma triglyceride (TG) levels, but epigenetic connections between those loci and dietary exposures are largely unknown. This study aimed to characterize the epigenetic links between diet, lifestyle, and TG. Methods: We first conducted an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) for TG in the Framingham Heart Study Offspring population (FHS, n = 2,264). We then examined relationships between dietary and lifestyle-related variables, collected four times in 13 years, and differential DNA methylation sites (DMSs) associated with the last TG measures. Third, we conducted a mediation analysis to evaluate the causal relationships between diet-related variables and TG. Finally, we replicated three steps to validate identified DMSs associated with alcohol and carbohydrate intake in the Genetics of Lipid-Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) study (n = 993). Results: In the FHS, the EWAS revealed 28 TG-associated DMSs at 19 gene regions. We identified 102 unique associations between these DMSs and one or more dietary and lifestyle-related variables. Alcohol and carbohydrate intake showed the most significant and consistent associations with 11 TG-associated DMSs. Mediation analyses demonstrated that alcohol and carbohydrate intake independently affect TG via DMSs as mediators. Higher alcohol intake was associated with lower methylation at seven DMSs and higher TG. In contrast, increased carbohydrate intake was associated with higher DNA methylation at two DMSs (CPT1A and SLC7A11) and lower TG. Validation in the GOLDN further supports the findings. Conclusion: Our findings imply that TG-associated DMSs reflect dietary intakes, particularly alcoholic drinks, which could affect the current cardiometabolic risk via epigenetic changes. This study illustrates a new method to map epigenetic signatures of environmental factors for disease risk. Identification of epigenetic markers of dietary intake can provide insight into an individual’s risk of cardiovascular disease and support the application of precision nutrition. Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials. gov, the Framingham Heart Study (FHS), NCT00005121; the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN), NCT01023750.
Engineering Multicolor Radiative Centers in hBN Flakes by Varying the Electron Beam Irradiation Parameters

Recently, hBN has become an interesting platform for quantum optics due to the peculiar defect-related luminescence properties. In this work, multicolor radiative emissions are engineered and tailored by position-controlled low-energy electron irradiation. Varying the irradiation parameters, such as the electron beam energy and/or area dose, we are able to induce light emissions at different wavelengths in the green–red range. In particular, the 10 keV and 20 keV irradiation levels induce the appearance of broad emission in the orange–red range (600–660 nm), while 15 keV gives rise to a sharp emission in the green range (535 nm). The cumulative dose density increase demonstrates the presence of a threshold value. The overcoming of the threshold, which is different for each electron beam energy level, causes the generation of non-radiative recombination pathways.
Icicle Plots: Better Displays for Hierarchical Clustering

Abstract An icicle plot is a method for presenting a hierarchical clustering. Compared with other methods of presentation, it is far easier in an icicle plot to read off which objects belong to which clusters, and which objects join or drop out from a cluster as we move up and down the levels of the hierarchy, though these benefits only appear when enough objects are being clustered. Icicle plots are described, and their benefits are illustrated using a clustering of 48 objects.
Application of particle swarm optimization method to incoherent scatter radar measurement of ionosphere parameters

Simultaneous derivation of multiple ionospheric parameters from the incoherent scatter power spectra in the F1 region is difficult because the spectra have only subtle differences for different combinations of parameters. In this study, we apply a particle swarm optimizer (PSO) to incoherent scatter power spectrum fitting and compare it to the commonly used least squares fitting (LSF) technique. The PSO method is found to outperform the LSF method in practically all scenarios using simulated data. The PSO method offers the advantages of not being sensitive to initial assumptions and allowing physical constraints to be easily built into the model. When simultaneously fitting for molecular ion fraction (fm), ion temperature (Ti), and ratio of ion to electron temperature (γT), γT is largely stable. The uncertainty between fm and Ti can be described as a quadratic relationship. The significance of this result is that Ti can be retroactively corrected for data archived many years ago where the assumption of fm may not be accurate, and the original power spectra are unavailable. In our discussion, we emphasize the fitting for fm, which is a difficult parameter to obtain. PSO method is often successful in obtaining fm, whereas LSF fails. We apply both PSO and LSF to actual observations made by the Arecibo incoherent scatter radar. The results show that PSO method is a viable method to simultaneously determine ion and electron temperatures and molecular ion fraction when the last is greater than 0.3.
Age Stratification and Stroke Severity in the Telestroke Network

Background. Age is one of the most important risk factors for stroke, and an estimated 75% of strokes occur in people 65 years old and above. Adults > 75 years of age experience more hospitalizations and higher mortality. In this study, we aimed to investigate how age and various clinical risk factors affect acute ischemic stroke (AIS) severity in two age categories. Methods. This retrospective data analysis study was conducted using data collected from the PRISMA Health Stroke Registry between June 2010 and July 2016. Baseline clinical and demographic data were analyzed for 65–74-year-old patients and those ≥ 75 years of age. This study aimed to investigate risk factors associated with stroke severity in these two age categories of AIS patients treated in telestroke settings. Results. An adjusted multivariate analysis showed that the acute ischemic stroke (AIS) population of 65–74-year-old patients experiencing heart failure (odds ratio (OR) = 4.398, 95% CI = 3.912–494.613, p = 0.002) and elevated high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels (OR = 1.066, 95% CI = 1.009–1.126, p = 0.024) trended towards worsening neurological function, while patients experiencing obesity (OR = 0.177, 95% CI = 0.041–0.760, p = 0.020) exhibited improved neurological functions. For the patients ≥ 75 years of age, direct admission (OR = 0.270, 95% CI = 0.085–0.856, p = 0.026) was associated with improved functions. Conclusions. Heart failure and elevated HDL levels were significantly associated with worsening neurologic functions in patients aged 65–74. Obese patients and individuals ≥ 75 years of age who were directly admitted were most likely to exhibit improving neurological functions.
Dissolved organic carbon load variability in the rainfall season dominated its interannual variability in the snowmelt driven basin: Evidence from 41 years data of headwater streams

Numerous reports have observed variations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) under the changing environment. From the DOC load variability perspective, however, how much of the variability in DOC load occurred among different seasons, and which season was most synchronized with the interannual variability remains unknown. The weekly DOC concentration and daily discharge records from four headwater streams with long‐term (1978–2018) records in the snowmelt driven basin of Harp Lake, south‐central Ontario, Canada, were used to answer these issues. We also examined the contributions of variabilities in discharge and DOC concentration to the variability in DOC load. We found that the variability of DOC load in the rainfall season (autumn) instead of snowmelt season (spring) was most closely synchronized with its interannual variability, suggesting that if the DOC variability in the rainfall season stabilized, the interannual variability would be more stable. The interannual variabilities for discharge, DOC concentration and DOC load showed an insignificant decreasing trend in the monitored 41 years, and the respective contributions of the variability trend of discharge and DOC concentration to DOC load in rainfall season increased from 28.82% to 144.58% and decreased from 71.18% to −44.58% because the change trend of discharge variability was greater than that in DOC concentration. This study provides a case information in determining which factors contribute most to the variability of DOC load in the watershed, and which season may dominate its variability throughout the year.
Impacts of Adiposity on Exercise Performance in Horses

Simple Summary Increased incidence of obesity in our equine population has clear negative impacts on equine health, such as increasing the risk of equine metabolic syndrome and laminitis. Excessive adipose tissue likely also has negative impacts on exercise performance, due to a combined inflammatory response and the effects of excessive weight carriage on work effort and limb health. This review explores research conducted in these areas. Abstract There is ample research describing the increased risk of health concerns associated with equine obesity, including insulin dysregulation and laminitis. For athletes, the negative effect of weight carriage is well documented in racing thoroughbreds (i.e., handicapping with weight) and rider weight has been shown to impact the workload of ridden horses and to some degree their gait and movement. In many groups of competitive and athletic horses and ponies, obesity is still relatively common. Therefore, these animals not only are at risk of metabolic disease, but also must perform at a higher workload due to the weight of their adipose tissue. Excess body weight has been documented to affect gait quality, cause heat stress and is expected to hasten the incidence of arthritis development. Meanwhile, many equine event judges appear to favor the look of adiposity in competitive animals. This potentially rewards horses and ponies that are at higher risk of disease and reinforces the owner’s decisions to keep their animals fat. This is a welfare concern for these animals and is of grave concern for the equine industry.
The Impact of Solar-like Variability on the Detectability of Transiting Terrestrial Planets

Transit photometry is a promising method for discovering extrasolar planets as small as Earth from space-based photometers, and several near-term photometric missions are on the drawing board. In particular, NASA's recently selected Kepler mission is devoted primarily to detecting extrasolar planets. The success of these efforts depends in part on the ability to detect transit signatures against the inherent photometric variability of the target stars. While other noise sources such as shot noise and CCD noise are under the control of the instrument designers, this one is not. The photometric variability of solar-like stars presents a fundamental lower limit to the minimum detectable planet radius for a given star and number of observed transits. In this paper we examine the capability of such missions using bolometric data for the only star for which sufficient photometric precision exists to address this question: the Sun. The results indicate that solar-like variability does not prevent the detection of Earth-sized planets even for stars rotating significantly faster than the Sun. Four transits are detectable for mv = 12 stars with rotation periods as short as ~21 days, while six transits allow detection for stellar rotation periods as short as ~16 days. Indeed, the limits posed by solar-like variability allow for the detection of planets significantly smaller than Earth orbiting Sun-like stars. Planets as small as 0.6 Earth radii exhibiting at least six transits can be detected orbiting bright (mv = 10) solar analogs.
Non-local electrodynamics effect on surface superconductivity

Effects of non-local electrodynamics on surface superconductivity in type-I superconductors in zero magnetic field are predicted, employing the Ginzburg-Landau (GL) theory as the local approximation. A perturbation expansion in the ratio ξ0/ξ(T) is set up, where ξ0 is the Pippard (or BCS) coherence length and ξ the temperature-dependent GL coherence length of superconductivity. For materials with surface enhancement of superconductivity, characterized by a negative GL surface extrapolation length b and by a surface critical temperature Tcs that exceeds the bulk Tc, an additional increase of Tcs is predicted. Calculations to first order in ξ0/ξ(T) show that about 13% of the recently measured difference Tcs−Tc≈0.05 K in a surface-enhanced Sn film, is attributable to a non-local electrodynamics effect.
Temperature Dependence of Metals Accumulation and Removal Kinetics by Arabidopsis halleri ssp. gemmifera

Cadmium (Cd), which is present in zinc (Zn) ore, is a toxic metal and causes contamination globally. Phytoremediation is a promising technology for the remediation of sites with low and moderate contamination. Temperature is an important factor in phytoremediation because it has an impact on both plant biomass and the accumulation of heavy metals. However, little is known about the influence of temperature on heavy metal accumulation by the Cd and Zn hyperaccumulator Arabidopsis halleri ssp. gemmifera. The effect of temperature on the distribution of Cd and Zn in A. halleri ssp. gemmifera and the mechanism of metal removal from solution were investigated in this study. Our results showed that the temperature dependence of the distribution of Cd and Zn in the plant was different, which may suggest that the mechanisms of xylem loading were different between Cd and Zn. Although Cd and Zn have partially similar transport pathways, the removal kinetics based on the first-order reaction rate constant revealed that the temperature which maximized rate of absorption was different between Cd and Zn. This study suggests a potential for efficient Cd phytoextraction using A. halleri ssp gemmifera in Cd and Zn co-existing environments.
Mesure des performances de reconstruction des électrons et recherche de Supersymétrie dans les canaux avec deux leptons de même charge dans les données du détecteur ATLAS.

Les trois premieres annees de fonctionnement de l'experience ATLAS au LHC, aux resultats fructueux, ont ouvert l'acces a la physique experimentale a l'echelle du TeV. Les travaux effectues dans ce contexte ont porte a la fois sur des aspects de performance (reconstruction des electrons) et d'analyse (recherche de nouvelle physique). La premiere partie est consacree aux mesures in situ des efficacites de reconstruction et d'identification des electrons. La methodologie employee pour realiser ces mesures dans les donnees est presentee en details ainsi que les methodes developpees pour l'estimation du bruit de fond residuel. La deuxieme partie traite de la recherche de Supersymetrie dans les evenements avec deux leptons (electrons ou muons) de charges identiques, accompagnes de jets et eventuellement d'energie transverse manquante, basee sur l'ensemble des donnees collectees par ATLAS en 2012 (soit 21 fb-1 a sqrt s= 8 TeV). Ces etats finaux sont particulierement appropries a la recherche de gluinos ou de squarks de troisieme generation. Les principaux aspects de l'analyse sont decrits, notamment les methodes d'estimation des differents bruits de fond. L'absence d'exces dans les regions de signal par rapport aux predictions du Modele Standard est interpretee en termes de limites sur les masses des superpartenaires, dans le cadre de modeles aux spectres de masse simplifies. Ainsi, dans les modes de desintegrations etudies, l'existence de gluinos de masse inferieure a 1 TeV, ou de sbottoms de masse inferieure a 500 GeV, est exclue.
Squat and Countermovement Vertical Jump Dynamics Using Knee Dominant or Hip Dominant Strategies

This study aimed to investigate squat jump and countermovement jump kinetics in the knee dominant and hip dominant postures. Participants included 12 male sports science students. They were instructed to perform a squat jump and a countermovement jump with two squat postures: knee- and hip-dominant postures. The jumping motion and ground reaction force were recorded using a motion capture system and a force plate, respectively. A p-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. There was a significant interaction for the maximal knee joint extension torque, with the knee-countermovement jump being more than twice higher than that of other conditions, but not for mechanical work of the knee joint, which was significantly greater in the knee posture than in the hip posture. No significant interactions were found in mechanical work and maximal extension torque of the hip joint, both of which were significantly greater in the hip posture than in the knee posture, and in the countermovement jump than in the squat jump. This study showed that the effects of countermovement and posture were different for joints and that these effects were independent in the hip joint, but interacted in the knee joint. In the knee joint, the posture increased the effect of countermovement on extension torque, but the effect on mechanical work was small. This suggests that countermovement in the knee posture has little effect on the lifting work, but results in a great load on the knee extensors.
FU JEN LECTURES IN HARDY SPACES

In this paper, we survey some multiplier theorems and their applications to estimates for wave equation in Hardy spaces $H^p(\Bbb R^n)$. We also prove $H^p$ boundedness for Calder\'on-Zygmund operators of type $\sigma$ which can be considered as a generalization of classical singular integral operators. Using these results, we discuss some recent progress in $H^p$ regularity properties of the solving operators for hyperbolic equations.
Stable and unstable shear modes of rotating parallel flows in shallow water

This article considers the instabilities of rotating, shallow-water, shear flows on an equatorial β-plane. Because of the free surface, the motion is horizontally divergent and the energy density is cubic in the field variables (i.e. in standard notation the kinetic energy density is ½ h(u2 + v2)). Marinone & Ripa (1984) observed that as a consequence of this the wave energy is no longer positive definite (there is a cross-term Uh′u′). A wave with negative wave energy can grow by transferring energy to the mean flow. Of course total (mean plus wave) energy is conserved in this process. Further, when the basic state has constant potential vorticity, we show that there are no exchanges of energy and momentum between a growing wave and the mean flow. Consequently when the basic state has no potential vorticity gradients an unstable wave has zero wave energy and the mean flow is modified so that its energy is unchanged. This result strikingly shows that energy and momentum exchanges between a growing wave and the mean flow are not generally characteristic of, or essential to, instability. A useful conceptual tool in understanding these counterintuitive results is that of disturbance energy (or pseudoenergy) of a shear mode. This is the amount of energy in the fluid when the mode is excited minus the amount in the unperturbed medium. Equivalently, the disturbance energy is the sum of the wave energy and that in the modified mean flow. The disturbance momentum (or pseudomomentum) is defined analogously. For an unstable mode, which grows without external sources, the disturbance energy must be zero. On the other hand the wave energy may increase to plus infinity, remain zero, or decrease to minus infinity. Thus there is a tripartite classification of instabilities. We suggest that one common feature in all three cases is that the unstable shear mode is roughly a linear combination of resonating shear modes each of which would be stable if the other were somehow suppressed. The two resonating constituents must have opposite-signed disturbance energies in order that the unstable alliance has zero disturbance energy. The instability is a transfer of disturbance energy from the member with negative disturbance energy to the one with positive disturbance energy.
Underlying Features of Prostate Cancer—Statistics, Risk Factors, and Emerging Methods for Its Diagnosis

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently occurring type of malignant tumor and a leading cause of oncological death in men. PCa is very heterogeneous in terms of grade, phenotypes, and genetics, displaying complex features. This tumor often has indolent growth, not compromising the patient’s quality of life, while its more aggressive forms can manifest rapid growth with progression to adjacent organs and spread to lymph nodes and bones. Nevertheless, the overtreatment of PCa patients leads to important physical, mental, and economic burdens, which can be avoided with careful monitoring. Early detection, even in the cases of locally advanced and metastatic tumors, provides a higher chance of cure, and patients can thus go through less aggressive treatments with fewer side effects. Furthermore, it is important to offer knowledge about how modifiable risk factors can be an effective method for reducing cancer risk. Innovations in PCa diagnostics and therapy are still required to overcome some of the limitations of the current screening techniques, in terms of specificity and sensitivity. In this context, this review provides a brief overview of PCa statistics, reporting its incidence and mortality rates worldwide, risk factors, and emerging screening strategies.