Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Attenuation of acoustic waves in lithium niobate

The attenuation of acoustic waves in the bulk of LiNbO3 at room temperature has been measured in the frequency range 500 MHz to 10 GHz. The measurement technique involved optical detection at the lower half of the frequency range and high resolution pulse echo method at 9.45 GHz. The attenuation is found to depend on the square of the frequency, so the attenuation coefficient may be given in terms of an effective viscosity value, according to a treatment based on the theory of perturbation. The attenuation coefficient has been determined for various modes and propagation directions allowing the complete determination of the viscosity tensor, from which the attenuation coefficient can be calculated for any desired type of acoustic wave in LiNbO3.
Series-Fed Millimeter-Wave Antenna Array Based on Microstrip Line Structure

This paper presents a millimeter wave series-fed microstrip line antenna array with low side lobes. For millimeter-wave beam forming applications, compact series fed arrays with very small horizontal width and low side lobes are very much required. The proposed array consists of a microstrip line with periodically placed stepped inverted-cone stub sections at a guided wavelength spacing. Surface current cancellation at each guided wavelength in an ideal microstrip line can be altered by symmetrically introducing the inverted-cone stub sections on two edges with a half wavelength offset. By controlling the dimensions and location of the inverted-cone stub sections, the equivalent surface currents can be altered and focused on the cone stub sections, resulting in an effective array radiation. The fabricated antenna array is resonating at 28 GHz and has an impedance bandwidth of 1.3 GHz. Peak realized gain of 10.2 dBi is achieved at 28 GHz and the measured side lobe levels are better than −15 dB in the E and H plane. The proposed microstrip line antenna array with low side lobes also benefits from simple fabrication and high integration ability, which makes it attractive for compact beamforming scenarios in millimeter-wave bands.
D-Serine reduces the expression of the cytopathic genotoxin colibactin

Some Escherichia coli strains harbour the pks island, a 54 kb genomic island encoding the biosynthesis genes for a genotoxic compound named colibactin. In eukaryotic cells, colibactin can induce DNA damage, cell cycle arrest and chromosomal instability. Production of colibactin has been implicated in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we demonstrate the inhibitory effect of D-Serine on the expression of the pks island in both prototypic and clinically-associated colibactin-producing strains and determine the implications for cytopathic effects on host cells. We also tested a comprehensive panel of proteinogenic L-amino acids and corresponding D-enantiomers for their ability to modulate clbB transcription. Whilst several D-amino acids exhibited the ability to inhibit expression of clbB, D-Serine exerted the strongest repressing activity (>3.8-fold) and thus, we focussed additional experiments on D-Serine. To investigate the cellular effect, we investigated if repression of colibactin by D-Serine could reduce the cytopathic responses normally observed during infection of HeLa cells with pks+ strains. Levels of γ-H2AX (a marker of DNA double strand breaks) were reduced 2.75-fold in cells infected with D-Serine treatment. Moreover, exposure of pks+ E. coli to D-Serine during infection caused a reduction in cellular senescence that was observable at 72 h post infection. The recent finding of an association between pks-carrying commensal E. coli and CRC, highlights the necessity for the development of colibactin targeting therapeutics. Here we show that D-Serine can reduce expression of colibactin, and inhibit downstream cellular cytopathy, illuminating its potential to prevent colibactin-associated disease.
Product-Type Probability Bounds of Higher Order

GIaz and Johnson [14] introduce ith-order product-type approximations, βi, i =1,…n − 1, for Pn = P(X1 ≤c1, X2 ≤ c2,…Xn≤ cn) and show that Pn≥ βn−1 ≥ βn−2 ≥… ≥ β2 ≥ β1 when X is MTP2. In this article, it is shown that under weaker positive dependence conditions. For multivariate normal distributions, these conditions reduce to cov(Xi,Xj) ≥ 0 for 1 ≤ i < j ≤ n and cov(Xi,Xj| Xj−1) ≥ 0 for 1 ≤ i < j − 1, j = 3,…,n. This is applied to group sequential analysis with bivariate normal responses. Conditions for Pn ≥ β3 ≥ β2 ≥β1 are also derived. Bound conditions are also obtained that ensure that product-type approximations are nested lower bounds to upper orthant probabilities P(X1 > C1,…,Xn > cn). It is shown that these conditions are satisfied for the multivariate exponential distribution of Marshall and Olkin [20].
Memory-efficient circle and ellipse detection algorithm in digital images

The method for detection of circle presented in this paper uses a structured data array instead of the 3-dimensional parameter space used in Hough Transform techniques. The edge points in image are first examined against a set conditions. Data are written to the data array upon satisfying those conditions. The result is small memory requirement which facilitates fast and effective search to be made through the data space. A visual approximation model of ellipses using circular arcs has been proposed. Based on the proposed approximation model, the circle detection algorithm has been extended to effectively detecting ellipses. The method presented has been applied successfully to detection of circles and ellipses in digital images.
Threshold Optimized CSWPL Behavioral Model for RF Power Transistors Based on Particle Swarm Algorithm

In this letter, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) is employed to optimize the threshold values of the canonical section-wise piecewise linear (CSWPL) function-based behavioral model of power transistors. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through measurements carried out on a 10-W GaN power transistor produced by Wolfspeed. Compared with the existing simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation (SPSA) method, the developed modeling technique not only provides superior prediction performance across different input power levels but also finds the optimal thresholds much more efficiently.
THE AGE METHOD FOR DIRECT NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF TURBULENT SHEAR FLOW

SUMMARY The advected grid explicit (AGE) method for direct numerical simulation of ‘incompressible’ turbulent shear flows is presented. The Navier‐Stokes equations are used for momentum in a velocity‐pressure formulation. Mass continuity and an equation of state link pressure with density (which is not assumed identically constant). Time advancement is entirely explicit, and spatial representation is localized (e.g. finite difference) and centred. Magnitudes of non-linear terms are reduced on advected grid(s), and numerical instabilities are efficiently reduced by ‘targeted diffusion’. Computation time scales directly on the number of grid points (virtual memory issues aside), and is very short for a DNS method. A spatially developing two-stream mixing layer was simulated as an example, reaching a vorticity thickness Reynolds number \20 000. Comparison with experimental results from self-similar mixing layers is satisfactory in terms of growth rate and Reynolds stress profiles. Turbulent vortical structures are visualized by means of pressure surfaces. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Autism and ADHD: A Literature Review Regarding Their Impacts on Parental Divorce

Introduction: The change in family structure as a consequence of divorce can be a traumatic event for a child that can undermine his or her emotional security. For this reason, it becomes a major health concern. Many divorce-related risk factors have been identified, including attention deficits or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children. The aim of this review is to evaluate if and how a diagnosis of ASD or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children is associated with an increase in divorce within families. Method: Searches were performed in two databases evaluating studies focusing on articles pertaining to the topic. A total of 20 articles were found, but only 8 were included in the study according to the criteria. Results: The results showed that divorce does not appear to be specifically related to a diagnosed pathology of the child, but rather presents itself as a risk factor in certain situations. In particular, this occurs when the coping strategies required to deal with the diagnosis are dysfunctional. However, it would appear that families in which there are children with ADHD have a greater chance of divorce than families in which there is a child with a diagnosis of ASD. It may be hypothesised that in the latter case, parents receiving a diagnosis early in the child’s life have more time to develop adaptive strategies to cope with the condition than parents with children with ADHD who mostly find themselves having to deal with their child’s behavioural problems at a school age. Moreover, ASD is a disorder more likely genetic than environment-related, so parents receive more socio-medical support, and they are less likely to blame themselves or be blamed by others.
Exposure to Juvenile Stress Induces Epigenetic Alterations in the GABAergic System in Rats

Epigenetics is a gene–environment interaction mechanism, manifested mostly through changes in regulatory gene expression. Stress is an established environmental factor known to induce epigenetic changes. This study aimed to assess the long-term effect of stress as juveniles, or juvenile and adult stress, on alterations in glutamic acid decarboxylase genes (GAD65, GAD67). We assessed DNA methylation and RNA expression in four rat groups: (1) control group, (2) juvenile stress group sacrificed two days following stress exposure (JSe) (RNA only), (3) juvenile stress group sacrificed as adults (JS), and (4) juvenile and adult stress group (JS + AS). Three different areas of the brain were examined in each group: the dorsal dentate gyrus (dDG), the dorsal CA1 (dCA1), and the basolateral amygdala (BLA). A significantly low methylation level of GAD65 in the BLA was observed among the JS group, followed by almost complete recovery among the JS + AS group. However, in dDG, an opposite trend was captured, and higher GAD65 methylation was found in JS. In addition, RNA levels were found to be decreased in JS compared to JSe and JS + AS. These findings can point to a possible mechanism: while juvenile stress may enhance a better coping strategy with life challenges, additional stress in adulthood may trigger a contradictory response, either beneficial or harmful.
Electro-optic sampling of high-speed silicon integrated circuits using a GaAs probe tip

Electro‐optic sampling is performed on a high‐speed silicon multiplexer integrated circuit using a gain‐switched semiconductor laser and an external probe tip fabricated from GaAs. An approximate electrostatic model is used to calculate the dependence of the electro‐optic modulation on the height of the probe tip above the circuit, the geometry of the circuit, and the dielectric constants of the probe tip material and the passivation layer (if any) on the circuit. The measured variation of the electro‐optic modulation with probe tip height is in good agreement with the prediction of the model.
Instability of tripositronium

The stability of tripositronium, a system consisting of three electrons and three positrons, has been investigated systematically by varying the repulsion strength between like-charged particles. The possibility of the existence of a Ps3 bound state that is stable against dissociation appears utterly unlikely based on the results of variational calculations employing all-particle explicitly correlated Gaussian basis functions.
Investigating a Library of Flavonoids as Potential Inhibitors of a Cancer Therapeutic Target MEK2 Using in Silico Methods

The second leading cause of death in the world is cancer. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) 1 and 2 (MEK1/2) stand out among the different anticancer therapeutic targets. Many MEK1/2 inhibitors are approved and widely used as anticancer drugs. The class of natural compounds known as flavonoids is well-known for their therapeutic potential. In this study, we focus on discovering novel inhibitors of MEK2 from flavonoids using virtual screening, molecular docking analyses, pharmacokinetic prediction, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. A library of drug-like flavonoids containing 1289 chemical compounds prepared in-house was screened against the MEK2 allosteric site using molecular docking. The ten highest-scoring compounds based on docking binding affinity (highest score: −11.3 kcal/mol) were selected for further analysis. Lipinski’s rule of five was used to test their drug-likeness, followed by ADMET predictions to study their pharmacokinetic properties. The stability of the best-docked flavonoid complex with MEK2 was examined for a 150 ns MD simulation. The proposed flavonoids are suggested as potential inhibitors of MEK2 and drug candidates for cancer therapy.
Improving wireless VoIP quality by using adaptive packet coding

The transfer of real-time VoIP data over wireless and mobile networks is subject to packet losses that yield unacceptable quality. This work proposes that the quality can vary significantly depending on the packet coding method used. An adaptive piggyback packet coding that can provide the VoIP user acceptable quality over the wide range of packet loss conditions observed in wireless and mobile networks is found.
Maritime video ship detection and tracking based on improved YOLOX and DeepSORT

Abstract. Object detection and tracking in maritime videos are crucial for marine management today. Nevertheless, due to the small size of ships in maritime video, current state-of-the-art algorithms are incapable of producing satisfactory results. We design an improved YOLOX (iYOLOX) and DeepSORT-based method to detect and track small objects in maritime videos to improve detection accuracy. Initially, the primary feature extraction capability of YOLOX’s backbone network is improved by adding the convolutional block attention mechanism. Second, we employ the context enhancement module to enlarge the receptive field while preserving the specific features. Finally, a parallel deformable convolution bifusion feature pyramid network is utilized for bidirectional feature extraction for small objects. iYOLOX is additionally combined with the DeepSORT algorithm to track targets. The experimental results show iYOLOX performed better when compared with the original YOLOX such that iYOLOX improves 3% average precision (AP) on the COCO2017 dataset, 4.7% APs for small-size objects, and 3.41% AP50 on the LMD-TShip maritime video dataset. Furthermore, it indicates that the proposed algorithm effectively alleviates some object occlusion and camera shaking issues and improves the model’s utility and robustness.
Automatic Differentiation for Inverse Problems in X-ray Imaging and Microscopy

Computational techniques allow breaking the limits of traditional imaging methods, such as time restrictions, resolution, and optics flaws. While simple computational methods can be enough for highly controlled microscope setups or just for previews, an increased level of complexity is instead required for advanced setups, acquisition modalities or where uncertainty is high; the need for complex computational methods clashes with rapid design and execution. In all these cases, Automatic Differentiation, one of the subtopics of Artificial Intelligence, may offer a functional solution, but only if a GPU implementation is available. In this paper, we show how a framework built to solve just one optimisation problem can be employed for many different X-ray imaging inverse problems.
Effect of confinement on three-dimensional stability in the wake of a circular cylinder

This paper investigates the three-dimensional stability of the wake behind a symmetrically confined circular cylinder by a linear stability analysis. Emphasis has been placed on discussing analogies and differences with the unconfined case to highlight the role of the inversion of the von Kármán street in the nature of the three-dimensional transition. Indeed, in this flow, the vortices of opposite sign that are alternately shed from the body into the wake cross the symmetry line further downstream and they assume a final configuration which is inverted with respect to the unconfined case. It is shown that the transition to a three-dimensional state has the same space–time symmetries of the unconfined case, although the shape of the linearly unstable modes is affected by the inversion of the wake vortices. A possible interpretation of this result is given here.
Development and validation of an MRI-radiomics nomogram for the prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Objective To develop and validate an MRI-radiomics nomogram for the prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Background “Radiomics” enables the investigation of huge amounts of radiological features in parallel by extracting high-throughput imaging data. MRI provides better tissue contrast with no ionizing radiation for PDAC. Methods There were 78 PDAC patients enrolled in this study. In total, there were 386 radiomics features extracted from MRI scan, which were screened by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm to develop a risk score. Cox multivariate regression analysis was applied to develop the radiomics-based nomogram. The performance was assessed by discrimination and calibration. Results The radiomics-based risk-score was significantly associated with PDAC overall survival (OS) (P < 0.05). With respect to survival prediction, integrating the risk score, clinical data and TNM information into the nomogram exhibited better performance than the TNM staging system, radiomics model and clinical model. In addition, the nomogram showed fine discrimination and calibration. Conclusions The radiomics nomogram incorporating the radiomics data, clinical data and TNM information exhibited precise survival prediction for PDAC, which may help accelerate personalized precision treatment. Clinical trial registration clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT05313854.
Dispersion curves for the generalized Bernstein modes

Dispersion curves are plotted for the extraordinary branch of the electron- and ion-cyclotron harmonic waves propagating perpendicularly to the static magnetic field in a non-relativistic, hot Maxwellian plasma, without invoking the electrostatic approximation. It is found that, except in the vicinity of the cyclotron harmonics and the hybrid resonances, either the cold-plasma or the electrostatic approximation are accurate representations of the exact solution. The hybrid resonances of the cold-plasma model become monotonically shrinking regions of low group velocity as the temperature is increased, till all discernible evidence of these resonances disappears as the parameters corresponding to the thermonuclear plasmas are approached.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Acquired Aplastic Anemia: The Spectrum from Basic to Clinical Utility

Aplastic anemia (AA), a rare but potentially life-threatening disease, is a paradigm of bone marrow failure syndromes characterized by pancytopenia in the peripheral blood and hypocellularity in the bone marrow. The pathophysiology of acquired idiopathic AA is quite complex. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), an important component of the bone marrow, are crucial in providing the specialized microenvironment for hematopoiesis. MSC dysfunction may result in an insufficient bone marrow and may be associated with the development of AA. In this comprehensive review, we summarized the current understanding about the involvement of MSCs in the pathogenesis of acquired idiopathic AA, along with the clinical application of MSCs for patients with the disease. The pathophysiology of AA, the major properties of MSCs, and results of MSC therapy in preclinical animal models of AA are also described. Several important issues regarding the clinical use of MSCs are discussed finally. With evolving knowledge from basic studies and clinical applications, we anticipate that more patients with the disease can benefit from the therapeutic effects of MSCs in the near future.
Modeling and Adaptive Boundary Robust Control of Active Heave Compensation Systems

Heave compensation systems are essential for operations’ safety, reliability, and efficiency in harsh offshore environments. This paper investigates the vibration suppression problem of a type of deep-sea robot with the length of time variation and harsh operating environments for active heave compensation systems, where hydraulic heave compensators implement actuators with input nonlinearity, model coupling, and unknown nonlinear disturbances. A robust adaptive output feedback control scheme based on the backstepping control method is designed to eliminate deep-ocean robot vibration, where the adaptive law handles the system parameter uncertainty. Meanwhile, a nonlinear disturbance observer (NDO) is introduced to overcome the effects of random disturbances and model coupling. In addition, the stability of the whole system is proved according to Lyapunov’s theory, and the scheme is shown to be feasible by theoretical analysis. Finally, a comparative simulation study was conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
Qualitative Insights into Vaccine Uptake of Nursing Staff in Long-Term Care Facilities in Finland

Vaccine hesitancy and refusal have undermined COVID-19 vaccination efforts of nursing staff. This study aimed to identify behavioral factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake among unvaccinated nursing staff in long-term care facilities (LTCF) in Finland. Methodology: The study was based on the Theoretical Domains Framework. Data were collected through qualitative in-depth interviews among nursing staff and managers of LTCFs. The analysis was based on thematic analysis. We identified seven behavioral domains, with several themes, that reduced the staff’s intention to get vaccinated: knowledge (information overload, inability to identify trustworthy information sources, lack of vaccine-specific and understandable scientific information), beliefs about consequences (incorrect perceptions about the vaccine effectiveness, and lack of trust in the safety of the vaccine), social influences (influence of family and friends), reinforcement (limited abilities of the management to encourage vaccination), beliefs about capabilities (pregnancy or desire to get pregnant), psychological factors (coping with changing opinion), and emotions (confusion, suspicion, disappointment, and fatigue). We also identified three behavioral domains that encouraged vaccine uptake: social influences (trust in health authorities), environmental context and resources (vaccination logistics), and work and professional role (professional pride). The study findings can help authorities to develop tailored vaccine promotion strategies for healthcare workers in LTCFs.