Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A SPITZER-SELECTED GALAXY CLUSTER AT z = 1.62

We report the discovery of a galaxy cluster at z = 1.62 located in the Spitzer Wide-Area Infrared Extragalactic survey XMM–LSS field. This structure was selected solely as an overdensity of galaxies with red Spitzer/Infrared Array Camera colors, satisfying ([3.6] − [4.5])AB> − 0.1 mag. Photometric redshifts derived from the Subaru XMM Deep Survey (BViz bands), the UKIRT Infrared Deep Survey–Ultra-Deep Survey (UKIDSS–UDS, JK bands), and from the Spitzer Public UDS survey (3.6–8.0 μm) show that this cluster corresponds to a surface density of galaxies at z ≈ 1.6 that is >20σ above the mean at this redshift. We obtained optical spectroscopic observations of galaxies in the cluster region using IMACS on the Magellan telescope. We measured redshifts for seven galaxies in the range z = 1.62–1.63 within 2.8 arcmin (<1.4 Mpc) of the astrometric center of the cluster. A posteriori analysis of the XMM data in this field reveal a weak (4σ) detection in the [0.5–2 keV] band compatible with the expected thermal emission from such a cluster. The color–magnitude diagram of the galaxies in this cluster shows a prominent red sequence, dominated by a population of red galaxies with (z − J)>1.7 mag. The photometric-redshift probability distributions for the red galaxies are strongly peaked at z = 1.62, coincident with the spectroscopically confirmed galaxies. The rest-frame (U − B) color and scatter of galaxies on the red sequence are consistent with a mean luminosity-weighted age of 1.2 ± 0.1 Gyr, yielding a formation redshift , and corresponding to the last significant star formation period in these galaxies.
Phase-field simulations of viscous fingering in shear-thinning fluids

A phase-field model for the Hele-Shaw flow of non-Newtonian fluids is developed. It extends a previous model for Newtonian fluids to a wide range of fluids with a shear-dependent viscosity. The model is applied to simulate viscous fingering in shear-thinning fluids and found to capture the complete crossover from the Newtonian regime at low-shear rate to the strongly shear-thinning regime. The width selection of a single steady-state finger is studied in detail for a two-plateau shear-thinning law (Carreau’s law) in both its weakly and strongly shear-thinning limits, and the results are related to the previous analyses. For power-law (Ostwald–de Waele) fluids in the strongly shear-thinning regime, good agreement with experimental data from the literature is obtained.
Hamilton circuits with many colours in properly edge-coloured complete graphs.

We prove that a properly edge-coloured complete graph K n has a Hamilton circuit with edges of at least n−√2n distinct colours. This is proved with a method inspired by work on long partial transversals in latin squares. Another such method is employed in proving a similar result where the distinct colours all occur on edges not belonging to a given spanning set of edges of K n
THE ROBUSTNESS OF EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS: THE CASE OF UNDOMINATED NASH EQUILIBRIUM

I consider a strategic game form with a finite set of payoff states and employ undominated Nash equilibrium (UNE) as a solution concept under complete information. I propose notions of the proximity of information according to which the continuity of UNE concept is considered as the robustness criterion. I identify a topology (induced by what I call d? ) with respect to which the undominated Bayesian Nash equilibrium (UBNE) correspondence associated with any game form is upper hemi-continuous at any complete information prior. I also identify a slightly coarser topology (induced by what I call d? ) with respect to which the UBNE correspondence associated with some game form exhibits a failure of the upper hemi-continuity at any complete information prior. In this sense, the topology induced by d? is the coarsest one. The topology induced by d? is also used in both Kajii and Morris (1998) and Monderer and Samet (1989, 1996) with some additional restriction. I apply this robustness analysis to the UNE implementation. Appealing to Palfrey and Srivastava’s (1991) canonical game form, I show, as a corollary, that almost any social choice function is robustly UNE implementable relative to d? I show, on the other hand, that only monotonic social choice functions can be robustly UNE implementable relative to d? This clarifies when Chung and Ely’s Theorem 1 2003) applies.
Influence of viscosity on acoustic streaming in sessile droplets: an experimental and a numerical study with a Streaming Source Spatial Filtering (SSSF) method

When an acoustic wave travels in a lossy medium such as a liquid, it progressively transfers its pseudo-momentum to the fluid, which results in a steady acoustic streaming. Remarkably, the phenomenon involves a balance between sound attenuation and shear, such that viscosity vanishes in the final expression of the velocity field. For this reason, the effect of viscosity has long been ignored in acoustic streaming experiments. Here, we show experimentally that the viscosity plays a major role in cavities such as the streaming induced by surface acoustic waves in sessile droplets. We develop a numerical model based on the spatial filtering of the streaming source term to compute the induced flow motion with dramatically reduced computational requirements. We evidence that acoustic fields in droplets are a superposition of a chaotic field and a few powerful caustics. It appears that the caustics drive the flow, which allows a qualitative prediction of the flow structure. Finally, we reduce the problem to two dimensionless numbers related to the surface and bulk waves attenuation and simulate hemispherical sessile droplets resting on a lithium niobate substrate for a range of parameters. Even in such a baseline configuration, we observe at least four distinct flow regimes. For each of them, we establish a correlation of the average streaming speed in the droplet, which is increasingly dependent on the bulk wave attenuation as the viscosity increases. These correlations extend our results to a wide range of fluids and actuation frequencies.
Highly efficient source for indistinguishable single photons of controlled shape

We demonstrate a straightforward implementation of a push-button like single-photon source, which is based on a strongly coupled atom–cavity system. The device operates intermittently for periods of up to 100 μs, with single-photon repetition rates of 1.0 MHz and an efficiency of 60%. Atoms are loaded into the cavity using an atomic fountain, with the upper turning point near the cavity's mode centre. This ensures long interaction times without any disturbances induced by trapping potentials. The latter is the key to reaching deterministic efficiencies as high as obtained in probabilistic photon-heralding schemes. The price to pay is the random loading of atoms into the cavity and the resulting intermittency. However, for all practical purposes, this has a negligible impact as an individual atom may emit up to 100 successive photons.
A Real-Time Application for Road Conditions Detection based on the Internet of Things

Bad road conditions may lead to road accidents, especially when drivers are unaware of potholes. The presence of potholes can increase from time to time and may get worse due to road age and bad weather. With the Internet of Things technology, vehicles on the road can be a means of collecting road condition data, such as vibration. The raw vibration data are useful only after they are processed into meaningful information. Information about the condition of roads can help other road users be aware of potholes. This paper proposes an Internet of Things application for road conditions detection. We design and implement a device comprising one NodeMCU ESP8266, one accelerometer gyroscope sensor to detect the existence of potholes based on the amount of detected vibration, and a GPS module to get the information about potholes' locations. For the web service, we use REST API so that users can get real-time potholes' information in the Android application. To cluster potholes based on detected vibration, i.e., deep, medium, and shallow, we implement the k-means clustering algorithm with k = 3. The Android application utilizes a Google map to visualize potholes' locations and the result of clustering on a road map. We use colored pins to indicate the depth of potholes. Deep potholes are shown on the map using red pins, medium potholes using orange pins, and shallow potholes using green pins.
Factoring Positive Braids via Branched Manifolds

MICHAEL C. SULLIVANAbstract. We show that a positive braid is composite ifand only if the factorization is \visually obvious" by placingthe braid k in a specially constructed smooth branched 2-manifold B(k) and studying how a would-be cutting spheremeets B(k). This gives an elementary proof of a theorem dueto Peter Cromwell.
Reproducing Kernel Hierarchical Partition of Unity

This work is concerned with developing the hierarchical basis for meshless methods. A reproducing kernel hierarchical partition of unity is proposed in the framework of continuous representation as well as its discretized counterpart. To form such hierarchical partition , a class of basic wavelet functions are introduced. Based upon the built-in consistency conditions, the diierential consistency conditions for the hierarchical kernel functions are derived. It serves as an indispensable instrument in establishing the interpolation error estimate, which is theoretically proven and numerically validated. For a special interpolant with diierent combinations of the hierarchical kernels, a synchronized convergence eeect may be observed. Being diierent from the conventional Legendre function based p-type hierarchical basis, the new hierarchical basis is an intrinsic pseudo-spectral basis, which can remain as a partition of unity in a local region, because the discrete wavelet kernels form a \partition of nullity". These newly developed kernels have been used as the multi-scale basis to solve the Helmholtz equation. The numerical solutions with high resolution are obtained by increasing the order of the wavelet-like basis; the process can be viewed as a p-type reenement. In addition, a wavelet Petrov-Galerkin procedure is proposed by using the interpolant that has synchronized convergence property as the weighting function to stabilize computations of some pathological problems, such as advection-diiusion problems. Detailed analysis has been carried out on the stability and convergence of the wavelet Petrov-Galerkin method.
Cosmological constraints with clustering-based redshifts

We demonstrate that observations lacking reliable redshift information, such as photometric and radio continuum surveys, can produce robust measurements of cosmological parameters when empowered by clustering-based redshift estimation. This method infers the redshift distribution based on the spatial clustering of sources, using cross-correlation with a reference dataset with known redshifts. Applying this method to the existing SDSS photometric galaxies, and projecting to future radio continuum surveys, we show that sources can be efficiently divided into several redshift bins, increasing their ability to constrain cosmological parameters. We forecast constraints on the dark-energy equation-of-state and on local non-gaussianity parameters. We explore several pertinent issues, including the tradeoff between including more sources versus minimizing the overlap between bins, the shot-noise limitations on binning, and the predicted performance of the method at high redshifts. Remarkably, we find that, once this technique is implemented, constraints on dynamical dark energy from the SDSS imaging catalog can be competitive with, or better than, those from the spectroscopic BOSS survey and even future planned experiments. Further, constraints on primordial non-Gaussianity from future large-sky radio-continuum surveys can outperform those from the Planck CMB experiment, and rival those from future spectroscopic galaxy surveys. The application of this method thus holds tremendous promise for cosmology.
Isolated 3-Level DC–DC Converter With Complete ZVS Using Magnetizing Inductors

An isolated dc–dc converter with dedicated 3-level modulation is proposed to achieve a 4:1 output voltage range, and complete zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) of all active switches using the magnetizing inductors. The single input 3-level modulation scheme coordinates the phase-shift, duty cycle, and switching frequency to ensure 1) the magnetizing currents are independent of load voltage and current; 2) the output voltage is proportional to the modulation input. As a result, the dual half- and full-bridge modes of the switching network are unified and modeled as a voltage-controlled voltage source, with the same control parameters for both modes of operation. In addition, the magnetizing-to-series inductance ratios of the leading and lagging transformers are increased to 100 and 25 times, respectively. Therefore, the circulating current is low, and the series inductors can be integrated into the transformers. The proposed topology is intended for high-power applications with a wide output voltage range but less input voltage variation. A <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{30}\,\text{kW}$</tex-math></inline-formula> prototype with a power density of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{7.2}\,\text{kW}/\text{L}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and an output voltage of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{165}\,\text{V}$</tex-math></inline-formula>-<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{680}\,\text{V}$</tex-math></inline-formula> was built and tested to verify the characteristics and feasibility of the proposed H8 topology plus modulation scheme.
Outer Disk Star Formation in HI selected Galaxies

Abstract The HI in galaxies often extends past their conventionally defined optical extent. I report results from our team which has been probing low intensity star formation in outer disks using imaging in Hα and ultraviolet. Using a sample of hundreds of HI selected galaxies, we confirm that outer disk HII regions and extended UV disks are common. Hence outer disks are not dormant but are dimly forming stars. Although the ultraviolet light in galaxies is more centrally concentrated than the HI, the UV/HI ratio (the Star Formation Efficiency) is nearly constant, with a slight dependency on surface brightness. This result is well accounted for in a model where disks maintain a constant stability parameter Q. This model also accounts for how the ISM and star formation are distributed in the bright parts of galaxies, and how HI appears to trace the distribution of dark matter in galaxy outskirts.
Gambaran Independent dan Interdependent Self-Construal pada Mahasiswa Indonesia

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran self-construal pada mahasiswa di Indonesia. Indonesia memiliki kebudayaan kolektivistik dengan ciri utama konformitas terhadap kelompok sebagai hal penting bagi masyarakatnya. Ketika budaya kolektivistik diinternalisasi menjadi cara pandang mengenai diri sendiri, maka akan membentuk interdependent self-construal. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel sebanyak 521 mahasiswa Indonesia yang terdaftar sebagai mahasiswa aktif di universitasnya, merupakan kewarganegaraan Indonesia, tinggal di Indonesia dan bersedia mengisi kuesioner hingga selesai. Responden diambil menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan hasil terjemahan dari kuesioner Self-Construal milik Singelis (1994). Hasil penelitian menggunakan uji beda Wilcoxon menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa Indonesia memiliki independent self-construal dan interdependent self-construal yang seimbang (Z = -0,712, sig = 0,477). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa mahasiswa Indonesia menghayati dirinya sebagai bagian terpisah dari orang lain sekaligus terintegrasi dengan orang lain. Manfaat penelitian digunakan sebagai dasar penelitian lanjutan dengan topik serupa dan menjadi sumber informasi bahwa mahasiswa Indonesia menginternalisasi budaya kolektivistik dan individualistik sebagai cara pandang mengenai dirinya. Kata kunci: Self-Construal, Psikologi Lintas Budaya, Indonesia, Budaya Sunda
Reliability Improvement of Gate-All-Around Junctionless SONOS Memory by Joule Heat From Inherent Nanowire Current

Endurance to cyclic program/erase (P/E) was experimentally improved by Joule heat from inherent nanowire current (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}_{nanowire}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) in a gate-all-around (GAA)-based junctionless (JL) silicon channel (S), tunneling oxide (O), charge trap nitride (N), blocking oxide (O), and poly-silicon gate (S) (SONOS) flash memory. Bulk conduction in the JL structure is favorable to flow <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}_{nanowire}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> across a source and a drain to generate Joule heat for electro-thermal annealing (ETA). Increased temperature (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${T}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) arising from Joule heat was utilized to cure the damage caused by iterative P/E operations. To quantitatively evaluate the level of induced damage by P/E cycling and cured damage by Joule heat, border trap density (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${N}_{bt}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) in a tunneling oxide was analyzed through low-frequency noise (LFN) measurements. Stress-induced leakage current (SILC), which is related to bulk trap density (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${N}_{bulk}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), was measured and compared before and after ETA. The operation-induced damage was mostly recovered by ETA, which does not require any structural change to drive Joule heat or to make an extra nanoheater.
Hybrid cGAN: Coupling Global and Local Features for SAR-to-Optical Image Translation

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has the advantage of all-weather observation, but its imaging principle based on the backscattering of electromagnetic waves makes its information less interpretable. One feasible approach is to convert SAR images into optical images, which not only improves the interpretability of SAR images but also fills the gaps in information captured by optical sensors due to weather and light limitations. Since conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN) has the powerful ability to generate images, many studies have started to apply it to image translation tasks. For SAR-to-optical translation, some specialized cGAN models have been proposed, but most of them struggle to process SAR images with widely varying styles, often generating images with poor quality. To this end, we propose a hybrid cGAN that combines the advantages of convolutional neural network (CNN) and vision transformer (ViT). With the advantage of ViT to capture long-distance feature dependencies, the global features can be extracted and then fused with the local features extracted by CNN to improve the representation capabilities of our generator. Moreover, we expand the receptive field of the residual blocks in CNN by hierarchical convolution. Perceptual loss and classification loss are added for training to further improve the fidelity of the generated images. Finally, we introduce the multiscale strategy into the discriminator to balance its learning ability with that of the generator. Both visual and quantitative experiments are conducted with other state-of-the-art methods. The results show that our method not only achieves the optimal results in all the evaluation metrics but also generates images that are more consistent with the human visual system. In addition, the potential of our method to process multitype SAR images with significant style differences is also experimentally demonstrated.
A pan-chromatic view of the galaxy cluster XMMU J1230.3+1339 at z = 0.975 - Observing the assembly of a massive system

Context. Observations of the formation and evolution of massive galaxy clusters and their matter components provide crucial constraints on cosmic structure formation, the thermal histor y of the intracluster medium (ICM), galaxy evolution, transformation processes, and gravitational and hydrodynamic interaction physics of the subcomponents. Aims. We characterize the global multi-wavelength properties of the X-ray selected galaxy cluster XMMU J1230.3+1339 at z= 0: 975, a new system discovered within the XMM-Newton Distant Cluster Project (XDCP). We measure and compare various widely used mass proxies and identify multiple cluster-associated components from the inner core region out to the large-scale str ucture environment. Methods. We present a comprehensive galaxy cluster study based on a joint analysis of X-ray data, optical imaging and spectroscopy observations, weak lensing results, and radio properties f or achieving a detailed multi-component view on a system at z�1. Results. We find an optically very rich and massive system with M200 ' (4: 2�0: 8)�10 14 M� , TX; 2500 ' 5: 3 +0: 7 −0: 6 keV, and L bol; 500 '(6: 5�0: 7)�10 44 erg s −1 . We have identified a central fly-through group close to core p assage and find marginally extended 1.4 GHz radio emission possibly associated with the turbulent wake region of the merging event. On the cluster outskirts we see evidence for an on-axis infalling group with a second Brightest Cluster Galaxy (BCG) and indications for an additional off-axis group accretion event. We trace two galaxy filaments beyond the nom inal cluster radius and provide a tentative reconstruction of the 3Daccretion geometry of the system. Conclusions. In terms of total mass, ICM structure, optical richness, and the presence of two dominant BCG-type galaxies, the newly confirmed cluster XMMU J1230.3+1339 is likely the progenitor of a system very similar to the l ocal Coma cluster, differing by 7.6 Gyr of structure evolution. This new system is an ideally suited astrophysical model laboratory for in-depth follow-up studies on the aggregation of baryons in the cold and hot phases.
From Solar System to Exoplanets: What can we learn from Planetary Spectroscopy?

The purpose of this paper is to address the question: Using our knowledge of infrared planetary spectroscopy, what can we learn about the atmospheres of exoplanets? In a first part, a simplified classification of exoplanets, assuming thermochemical equilibrium, is presented, based on their masses and their equilibrium temperatures, in order to propose some possible estimations about their atmospheric composition. In the second part, infrared spectra of planets are discussed, in order to see what lessons can be drawn for exoplanetary spectroscopy. In the last part, we consider the solar system as it would appear from a star located in the ecliptic plane. It first appears that the solar system (except in a few specific cases) would not be seen as a multiple system, because, contrary to many exoplanetary systems, the planets are too far from the Sun and the inclinations of their orbits with respect to the ecliptic plane are too high. Primary transit synthetic spectra of solar system planets are used to discuss the relative merits of transmission and direct emission spectroscopy for probing exoplanetary atmospheres.
ACERPI-Block: Applying Blocking Techniques to the ACERPI Approach

Ordinances are documents issued by federal institutions that contain, among others, information regarding their staff. These documents are accessible through public repositories that usually do not allow any filter or advanced search on documents’ contents. This paper extends ACERPI (an approach to collect documents, extract information and resolve entities from institutional ordinances), which identifies the people mentioned in ordinances from institutions to help users find the documents of interest. ACERPI-Block focuses on the Entity Resolution step of the approach, developing blocking strategies that allow scalability to hundreds of thousands of records being resolved. Experiments show a reduction of 93.3% in the number of comparisons of similarity between records if compared to the solution without blocking, with no decrease in efficacy.