Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Falls and Alzheimer Disease

Falls are the leading cause of injury, disability, and injury-related mortality in the older adult population. Older adults with Alzheimer disease (AD) are over twice as likely to experience a fall compared to cognitively normal older adults. Intrinsic and extrinsic fall risk factors may influence falls during symptomatic AD; intrinsic factors include changes in cognition and impaired functional mobility, and extrinsic factors include polypharmacy and environmental fall hazards. Despite many known fall risk factors, the high prevalence of falls, and the presence of effective fall prevention interventions for older adults without cognitive impairment, effective fall prevention interventions for older adults with AD to date are limited and inconclusive. Falls may precede AD-related cognitive impairment during the preclinical phase of AD, though a narrow understanding of fall risk factors and fall prevention interventions for older adults with preclinical AD limits clinical treatment of falls among cognitively normal older adults with preclinical AD. This mini review explores fall risk factors in symptomatic AD, evidence for effective fall prevention interventions in symptomatic AD, and preclinical AD as an avenue for future falls research, including recommendations for future research directions to improve our understanding of falls and fall risk during preclinical AD. Early detection and tailored interventions to address these functional changes are needed to reduce the risk of falls for those at risk for developing AD. Concerted efforts should be dedicated to understanding falls to inform precision fall prevention strategies for this population.
RESTRICTION OF RDF THROUGH THE PRP-QUANT TEMPLATE

Preregistration can help to restrict researcher degrees of freedom and thereby ensure the integrity of research findings. However, its ability to restrict such flexibility depends on whether researchers specify their study plan in sufficient detail and adhere to this plan. Previous research indicates higher restrictiveness when preregistrations are based on structured versus unstructured template formats, although there is room for further improvement. The planned study aims to build on these findings and investigate the restrictiveness of preregistrations based on the PRP-QUANT Template, an extensive template that aids the preregistration of quantitative studies in psychology. Preregistrations will be sampled from PsychArchives and coded for their level of restrictiveness using the coding scheme of Bakker et al. (2020) and Heirene et al. (2021). We predict that preregistrations based on the PRP-QUANT Template ( N = [74]) are more restrictive than preregistrations based on the OSF Preregistration Template ( N = 52, Bakker et al., 2020, hypothesis 1). We will also inspect whether peer review can contribute further to restricting flexibility and predict higher restrictiveness for peer-reviewed ( n = [27]) than non-peer-reviewed preregistrations ( n = [47], hypothesis 2), using nested Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests. Additionally, we will examine adherence to the preregistered plans in the associated publications ( N = [17]). [In line/in contrast] to hypothesis 1, PRP-QUANT preregistrations [had significantly/did not have] higher restrictiveness scores than OSF Preregistrations. Moreover, [consistent/inconsistent] with hypothesis 2, peer-reviewed preregistrations [had significantly/did not have] higher restrictiveness than non-peer-reviewed ones. […] percent of the associated articles included undeclared deviations. We discuss the implications of our findings for the PRP-QUANT Template and structured templates in general.
The original citation of Jerdon's Nightjar Caprimulgus atripennis (Caprimulgidae)

Thomas Claverhill Jerdon named Caprimulgus atripennis in his ‘Illustrations of Indian ornithology’, which were a collection of descriptions and colour plates of Indian birds published between 1843 and 1847 (Jerdon 18431847, Zimmer 1926). The citation of Jerdon’s Nightjar in this work has simply been given as plate 24 by all subsequent authors and the publication date for this plate was determined as 1845 by Sherborn (1922). An examination of this work reveals that plate 24 clearly shows a different species entirely, the Grey Nightjar Caprimulgus indicus, and the accompanying text is headed Caprimulgus indicus, although with the different English name of Large Indian Nightjar. The identification of the species on plate 24 as Caprimulgus indicus can be accurately determined by the greyish ground colour, the lack of a hindneck collar, the bold, buff spots on otherwise uniform wing-coverts and the broad white tips to the four outer tail feathers. Caprimulgus atripennis can be ruled out by the lack of rufous-tinged ear-coverts and lores, the lack of a broad rufous hindneck collar and the lack of a bold scapular pattern. The text commences with a reference to the original description of Caprimulgus indicus Latham, 1790 and confirms that identification was supported by reference to Gray (1832), although the illustration (plate 34, fig. 1) in that work is of an utterly nondescript The original citation of Jerdon’s Nightjar Caprimulgus atripennis (Caprimulgidae)
Exploring the opportunities and challenges encountered by immigrant entrepreneurs in Eastern Cape Province Towns

This research offers a comprehensive examination of immigrant entrepreneurship within Eastern Cape Province towns, with a specific focus on Sterkspruit and Aliwal-North The purpose of this was to investigate the opportunities and challenges faced by immigrant entrepreneurs within towns in the Eastern Cape Province. The qualitative research approach which followed a phenomenological research philosophy was adopted. The non-probability purposive sampling technique was used to select 10 immigrant entrepreneurs. Thereafter, in-depth interviews were employed in gathering primary data from the selected sample which is African and Asian immigrant entrepreneurs operating in the selected towns (Aliwal-North and Sterkspruit) in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The results of the study indicate that immigrant entrepreneurs enjoy some opportunities and also are faced with challenges in doing business in these towns. The results furthermore indicate that immigrant entrepreneurs know the causes of their challenges as they explain them. The results also indicate the possible ways the challenges can be managed or overcome. The study, therefore, concluded that some of the opportunities and challenges identified by the interviewed participants were of South African government policies and regulations. It was therefore recommended that as a way of improving the handling of business engagement, immigrant entrepreneurs attend business workshops and exposes.
ANALISA SENTIMEN KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH PADA KONTEN TWITTER BERBAHASA INDONESIA MENGGUNAKAN SVM DAN K-MEDOID CLUSTERING

Abstrak. Pada saat ini penggunaan Twitter semakin luas. Semua pengguna twitter yang dapat dengan bebas untuk berpendapat dan membagikan sudut pandang mereka mengenai isu tren dunia membuat konten twitter menjadi beragam dan menarik untuk dianalisa, termasuk dengan tren kebijakan politik yang ramai diperbincangkan di Indonesia setahun terakhir. Hal tersebut menjadi alasan kuat bahwa analisis opini publik dan sentimen tentang kebijakan pemerintah dari isi twitter Indonesia sangat penting untuk dilakukan. Namun, identifikasi sentimen di dalam pesan konten Twitter berbahasa Indonesia memiliki tantangan. Pertama, konten tidak memiliki kalimat dengan struktur baku. Kedua, domain dari setiap konten sangat luas dan heterogen, sehingga sulit untuk mengelompokkan topik tersebut dan mengklasifikasikan sentimen. Ketiga, penggunaan slang menyebabkan ambiguitas dan Out of Vocabbulary (OOV). Di dalam penelitian ini diusulkan metode K-Medoid Clustering dan Support Vector Machine (SVM) untuk melakukan klasifikasi berdasarkan fitur sentiment score. Tujuan dari penggunaan K-Medoid clustering untuk mengeliminasi data yang tidak sesuai dan mengelompokkan data sesuai dengan homogenitas topik. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam skenario uji coba perbandingkan hasil analisa sentimen setelah dilakukan clustering berdasarkan fitur sentiment score terhadap fitur berbasis konten dengan parameter tingkat akurasi yang dianalisa dengan uji t. Hasil akhir menunjukkan bahwa metode yang diusulkan memiliki kualitas lebih baik daripada metode sebelumnya yang menggunakan fitur berbasis konten . Kata Kunci: analisa sentimen, SVM, K-Medoid, clustering
Bubbles & Turbulence in the Ocean Surface Layer & Topographic Interactions in Coastal Waters

Abstract : We have two long term goals relating to this project: (i) To determine processes responsible for vertical transfer of heat, mass and momentum across the near surface of the ocean, including the role of bubbles in mediating and serving as tracers of such processes; (ii) To elucidate the fluid dynamical processes associated with stratified flow over topography and its oceanographic implications for circulation in continental shelf and coastal waters.
Comparative Evaluation of Push-out Bond Strength of Three Different Root Canal Sealers: An In Vitro Study.

AIM The aim of this present study was to compare the dislodgement resistance of calcium silicate-based sealer, zinc oxide sealer, and a new sealer combining both zinc oxide and calcium silicate-based sealer in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS 60 single-rooted human teeth were instrumented with F3 Protaper Gold. All endodontic canals were filled using gutta percha cones using the cold lateral condensation technique in combination using one of the mentioned sealers (n = 20 per group). The teeth were divided into three groups: group A consisted of Sealite® Ultra, group B consisted of K-Sealer®, and group C consisted of BioRoot® RC. After 2 months of incubation (37°C, 100% humidity) and after cutting out 2 mm from the most apical portion of the root apex, six slices of 1 mm thickness were generated. Mechanical dislodgement resistance was examined using a universal pressure-testing machine and the push-out bond strength (POBS) was calculated. Specimens were examined under 20× magnification to define the bond failure mode. Statistical analysis was executed using ANOVA, post hoc Turkey test for pairwise comparisons and Kruskal-Wallis tests. RESULTS The POBS of BioRoot® was significantly higher than the POBS of the two other sealers with a mean of 10.54 MPa ± 2.10 and 5.73 MPa ± 2.34, respectively (p < 0.001). Sealite® and K-Sealer® showed similar results in the median and coronal part. K-Sealer® revealed highest POBS compared with Sealite® in the apical part (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The POBS of the zinc oxide and calcium silicate-based sealer was significantly lower compared with calcium silicate. Sealite® and K-Sealer® exhibited almost same results. BioRoot showed the highest POBS of all sealers. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The current study was needed to evaluate the bond strength of three different cements to dentinal walls, by evaluating their respective POBS in vitro. The findings of this study may provide guidance for the clinician in the selection of an adequate endodontic sealer that guarantees an enhanced adhesive seal between the Gutta-percha and the dentinal canal walls. How to cite this article: Makhlouf MP, El Helou JD, Zogheib CE, et al. Comparative Evaluation of Push-out Bond Strength of Three Different Root Canal Sealers: An In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(1):15-19.
In Vitro Microleakage and Fracture Resistance of "Infinity Edge" and Cusp Reduction Preparation Designs for Moderate-sized Class II Composites.

AIM This study aimed to evaluate the marginal microleakage and maximum occlusal fracture loads and fracture modes of two novel class II preparation designs, "infinity edge" and the "2.5 mm cusp reduction" preparations as compared to a traditional class II preparation without cuspal involvement. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty extracted human mandibular molars were prepared for moderate-sized class II restorations with extensions into all occlusal grooves. Of these, ten class II preparations served as control. Ten were modified for a 2.5 mm even reduction of the cusps adjacent to the interproximal box. An additional 10 preparations were modified with an "infinity edge" bevel on the interproximal and occlusal portions. All teeth were restored utilizing a flowable bulk-fill composite in the apical portion of the interproximal box and 2-4 mm of heated bulk-fill composite in one increment for the remainder. All groups were cyclic loaded and thermocycled, then imaged with microcomputed tomography (µCT) before and after infiltration with a silver nitrate solution. Images were subtracted to obtain volumetric measurements of microleakage and reported as a percentage of the total volume from the apical extent of the proximal box. All groups were loaded to failure and fracture load and mode were recorded. RESULTS No significant differences were found in microleakage volume as a percentage of total tooth volume; however, the "infinity edge" group had significantly greater microleakage in the proximal box compared to the traditional class II group. No significant differences were found in fracture load or mode between the groups. CONCLUSION Traditional class II, 2.5 mm cuspal reduction, and "infinity edge" preparation designs have similar fracture loads as well as volumes of microleakage; however, an "infinity edge" preparation has a higher ratio of microleakage in the proximal box. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Clinicians should carefully consider the use of "infinity edge" margins, particularly on dentin in the apical extent of the proximal box. How to cite this article: Watson JC, Lien W, Raimondi JC, et al. In Vitro Microleakage and Fracture Resistance of "Infinity Edge" and Cusp Reduction Preparation Designs for Moderate-sized Class II Composites. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(1):3-9.
Open science perspectives on machine learning for the identification of careless responding: A new hope or phantom menace?

Powerful methods for identifying careless respondents in survey data are not just important to ensure the validity of subsequent data analyses, they are also instrumental for studying the psychological processes that drive humans to respond carelessly. Conversely, a deeper understanding of the phenomenon of careless responding enables the development of improved methods for the identification of careless respondents. While machine learning has gained substantial attention and popularity in many scientific fields, it is largely unexplored for the detection of careless responding. On the one hand, machine learning algorithms can be highly powerful tools due to their flexibility. On the other hand, science based on machine learning has been criticized in the literature for a lack of reproducibility. We assess the potential and the pitfalls of machine learning approaches for identifying careless respondents from an open science perspective. In particular, we discuss possible sources of reproducibility issues when applying machine learning in the context of careless responding, and we give practical guidelines on how to avoid them. Furthermore, we illustrate the high potential of an unsupervised machine learning method for the identification of careless respondents in a proof‐of‐concept simulation experiment. Finally, we stress the necessity of building an open data repository with labeled benchmark data sets, which would enable the evaluation of methods in a more realistic setting and make it possible to train supervised learning methods. Without such a data repository, the true potential of machine learning for the identification of careless responding may fail to be unlocked.
The Crisis Behind The Crisis? Forced Migration and its Consequence as a Result of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster in ASEAN

Throughout ASEAN, many headline-grabbing environmental disasters have caused massive impacts to peoples’ livelihoods. Forest loss, soil degradation, and fish stock depletion, whilst less reported in the media, are also creating growing challenges, especially for those whose livelihoods depend on the region’s natural resource base most directly. Within these environmental crises, however, lies another potential crisis, as natural disaster, long-term environmental degradation and climate change are increasingly significant drivers of migration throughout the ASEAN region. If the causes and consequences of these environmentally-driven people migrations are left unaddressed by the region’s decision-makers, they could undermine the significant development achievements within ASEAN to date, threaten human security, and even create cross-border tensions.
Calibration Tools for Scanning Thermal Microscopy Probes Used in Temperature Measurement Mode

We demonstrate the functionality of a new active thermal microchip dedicated to the temperature calibration of scanning thermal microscopy (SThM) probes. The silicon micromachined device consists in a suspended thin dielectric membrane in which a heating resistor with a circular area of 50 μm in diameter was embedded. A circular calibration target of 10 μm in diameter was patterned at the center and on top of the membrane on which the SThM probe can land. This target is a resistive temperature detector (RTD) that measures the surface temperature of the sample at the level of the contact area. This allows evaluating the ability of any SThM probe to measure a surface temperature in ambient air conditions. Furthermore, by looking at the thermal balance of the device, the heat dissipated through the probe and the different thermal resistances involved at the contact can be estimated. A comparison of the results obtained for two different SThM probes, microthermocouples and probes with a fluorescent particle is presented to validate the functionality of the micromachined device. Based on experiments and simulations, an analysis of the behavior of probes allows pointing out their performances and limits depending on the sample characteristics whose role is always preponderant. Finally, we also show that a smaller area of the temperature sensor would be required to assess the local disturbance at the contact point.
A Determination of Salivary and Serum Glucose Levels in Patients With Type II Diabetes Mellitus

Aim: The aim of this work was to determine and compare serum and salivary glucose levels in patients with type II diabetes mellitus (DM). Material and methods: This study had an overall sample size of 100, which consisted of male and female volunteers aged 30-67 years. Both in-depth interviews and physical tests were conducted. Blood and saliva were collected from the participants while fasting, which were analyzed to determine the levels of salivary alpha-amylase (α-amylase). Both the subjects and the controls were instructed to test their blood glucose levels while fasting and it was suggested that HbA1c values will be used for diagnosing diabetes following the guidelines of the American Diabetes Association, Centers for Disease Control, and World Health Organization. Results: The average age of the control group (Category A) was noted as 47.52±6.28 years, and that of the study group (Category B) was 49.17±7.25 years. In Category A, female (n=23) were 46%, and 54% were male (n=27); and 40% of the people in Category B were female (n=20), and 60% were male (n=30). The majority of patients (54%) in Category B displayed an average level of DM control (n=27), followed by poor control (24%. n=12), well-controlled (20%, n=10), and uncontrolled DM (2%, n=1). Category A had an average salivary α-amylase concentration of 3.1±0.88 U/L, whereas that of Category B was 12.06±2.36 U/L. Thus, the mean salivary α-amylase level of Category B was found to be much higher than that of Category A, and this difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: The determination of α-amylase levels in the saliva of individuals suspected of having type II DM has been suggested as a potential diagnostic method. Screenings conducted at healthcare institutions and community health fairs, as well as epidemiological studies, might benefit from this method. We believe that normal clinical practice should include the use of saliva in a broad variety of diagnostic tests.
Fuzzy disaggregation of conventional soil maps using database knowledge extraction to produce soil property maps

: In efforts to create more detailed raster soil maps in areas with sparse point data, legacy conventional soil maps are often the main source of soil-landscape information. In the United States, the Soil Survey Geographic Database (SSURGO) is the most detailed conventional soil map. SSURGO often combines multiple soil types into one polygon, and lacks statistical design desirable for modeling. However, SSURGO does relate soil type ‘components’ to terrain positions, parent materials, and other soil forming factors which can provide a framework to disaggregate polygons into soil type maps. Expert rule sets and fuzzy membership methods were used to model SSURGO components spatially to produce continuous soil property maps. Efforts in West Virginia, USA resulted in seamless maps that produced more accurate watershed estimates of soil organic carbon, but lacked prediction ability in field scale maps of rock content and soil organic carbon. database and the spatial data could be translated into a model that matched environmental raster layers (e.g., digital elevation map, slope, curvatures, etc.) to soil type for use in making improved raster versions of SSURGO data. The premise of the model created was to emulate SSURGO data to the greatest detail available in the database in a seamless raster format.
Context-Aware Adaptive Multipath Compensation Based on Channel Pattern Recognition for GNSS Receivers

The possibility of identifying the type of multipath environment and receiver motion (e.g. pedestrian, vehicular) using pattern recognition approaches based on multipath parameters is investigated. This allows the receiver to adjust its tracking strategy and optimally tune its tracking parameters to mitigate code multipath effects. A Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification method with a modified Gaussian kernel is applied in this approach. A set of temporal and spectral features is extracted from the correlation samples of the received signals in different environments to train the classifier. The latter is then used in the structure of stochastic gradient-based adaptive multipath compensation and tracking techniques to tune the signal tracking parameters based on the environment and receiver motion. Simulation and real data measurements using Galileo E1B/C signals are performed to assess the validity of the proposed environment identification approaches and to evaluate the impact of the proposed context-based receiver parameter tuning techniques on tracking performance in multipath environments. Test results showed that the proposed classifiers have an accuracy between 86% and 92%, and the tracking performance improved by about 15%.