Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dear Editors

Dear Editors: As someone interested in the process and results of quantitative measurement of dance movement I read with interest the article by Wilmerding and colleagues in a recent issue. My principal concern with the article is that the authors fail to explain why they believe their EMG measures serve to answer the research question, “. whether the warm-up period of barre. actually prepares the artist to dance in center. ” The conclusions of the article state: [regarding the standing leg] . the dependence on the apparatus [barre] should be de-emphasized, the duration of barre should be minimized. ” It is unclear to me how the findings regarding a single variable of EMG amplitude within two muscles of the standing leg support such large and specific conclusions. EMG amplitude indicates how much muscle activation occurs and is generally used to infer onset time, fatigue, or relative increase or decrease in force. None of these constructs are mentioned in the study. The authors appear to assume that the EMG amplitude measure that occurs during center work infers “preparation to dance. ” Their results would be more convincing if they reported evidence, or theories, suggesting that optimal training methods can be identified via raw EMG amplitude signals. If the authors intended to investigate the degree to which training at the barre is related to performance in the center then a much larger investigation would be required – along with operational definitions of “preparation” and “performance. ” Such a study might focus on differences in groups (with and without barre) and the quantification of variables of performance (e.g., balance, coordination, smoothness, shape of line, and other similar variables). Admittedly, this would not be an easy task. Finally, I also believe there are multiple significant concerns with the acquisition and processing of the EMG signal. Foremost in these concerns is the use of single raw EMG values without any apparent signal processing and the use of dynamic contractions without concurrent kinematic data. Further, the authors fail to adequately describe their methodology concerning sampling rate, filtering, or amplification. Marshall Hagins, Ph.D., P.T. Division of Physical Therapy Long Island University References
TM-like and TE-like Modes Coupling in a Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Slab Composed of Truncated Cone Silicon Rods

We numerically investigate the coupling of TE-like modes and TM-like modes in a two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystal (PC) slab composed of truncated cone silicon rods. In such structures, the classification of TE-like modes and TM-like modes is generally impossible and the coupling occurs due to vertical structural asymmetries. The frequency and wavevector dependences of the mode coupling are discussed by investigating the photonic band structures, and the coupling efficiency is studied by examining the transmittance. The results show that the efficiency of mode conversion is strengthened by the vertical asymmetry and weakened by the clear small gap. These structures could be used as polarization conversion devices in integrated optics.
Does nonlinear blood-brain barrier transport matter for morphine dosing strategies?

Morphine blood-brain barrier (BBB) transport is governed by passive diffusion, active efflux and saturable active influx. These processes may be associated with nonlinear concentration-dependencies which impact plasma and brain extracellular fluid (brainECF) pharmacokinetics of morphine. In this study, we aim to evaluate the impact of nonlinear BBB transport on brainECF pharmacokinetics of morphine and its metabolites for different dosing strategies using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic simulation study. We extended the human physiologically based pharmacokinetic, LeiCNS-PK3.0, model with equations for nonlinear BBB transport of morphine. Simulations for brainECF pharmacokinetics were performed for various dosing strategies: intravenous (IV), oral immediate (IR) and extended release (ER) with dose range of 0.25-150mg and dosing frequencies of 1-6 times daily. The impact of nonlinear BBB transport on morphine CNS pharmacokinetics was evaluated by quantifying (i) the relative brainECF to plasma exposure (AUCu,brainECF/AUCu,Plasma) and (ii) the impact on the peak-to-trough ratio (PTR) of concentration-time profiles in brainECF and plasma. We found that the relative morphine exposure and PTRs are dose dependent for the evaluated dose range. The highest relative morphine exposure value of 1.4 was found for once daily 0.25mg ER and lowest of 0.1 for 6-daily 150mg IV dosing. At lower doses the PTRs were smaller and increased with increasing dose and stabilized at higher doses independent of dosing frequency. Relative peak concentrations of morphine in relation to its metabolites changed with increasing dose. We conclude that nonlinearity of morphine BBB transport affect the relative brainECF exposure and the fluctuation of morphine and its metabolites. Highlights Nonlinear transport affects relative morphine exposure in brainECF. Nonlinear transport affects PK fluctuations of morphine in brainECF. Nonlinear transport affects brainECF PK relationship of morphine and its metabolites. Graphical abstract
SPLASH2 provides ultra-efficient, scalable, and unsupervised discovery on raw sequencing reads

SPLASH is an unsupervised, reference-free, and unifying algorithm that discovers regulated sequence variation through statistical analysis of k-mer composition, subsuming many application-specific algorithms. Here, we introduce SPLASH2, a fast, scalable implementation of SPLASH based on an efficient k-mer counting approach. The pipeline has minimal installation requirements, and can be executed with a single command. SPLASH2 enables efficient analysis of massive datasets from a wide range of sequencing technologies and biological contexts at unmatched scale and speed, showcased by revealing new biology in rapid analysis of single-cell RNA-sequencing data from human muscle cells, and bulk RNA-seq from the entire Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) and a study of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.
Compartment-Specific Activation of the Proton-Sensor GPR65 is Uncoupled from Receptor Trafficking

The canonical view of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) function is that receptor trafficking is tightly coupled to signaling. GPCRs remain on the plasma membrane (PM) at the cell surface until they are activated, after which they are desensitized and internalized into endosomal compartments. This canonical view presents an interesting context for proton-sensing GPCRs because they are more likely to be activated in acidic endosomal compartments than at the PM. Here we show that the trafficking of the prototypical proton-sensor GPR65 is fully uncoupled from signaling, unlike that of other known mammalian GPCRs. GPR65 internalized and localized to early and late endosomes, from where they signal at steady state, irrespective of extracellular pH. Acidic extracellular environments stimulated receptor signaling at the PM in a dose-dependent manner, although endosomal GPR65 was still required for a full signaling response. Receptor mutants that were incapable of activating cAMP trafficked normally, internalized, and localized to endosomal compartments. Our results show that GPR65 is constitutively active in endosomes, and suggest a model where changes in extracellular pH reprograms the spatial pattern of receptor signaling and biases the location of signaling to the cell surface.
Phenotypic, genomic, and transcriptomic heterogeneity in a pancreatic cancer cell line

Objectives To evaluate the suitability of the MIA PaCa-2 cell line for studying pancreatic cancer intratumor heterogeneity, we aim to further characterize the nature of MIA PaCa-2 cells’ phenotypic, genomic, and transcriptomic heterogeneity. Methods MIA PaCa-2 single-cell clones were established through flow cytometry. For the phenotypic study, we quantified the cellular morphology, proliferation rate, migration potential, and drug sensitivity of the clones. The chromosome copy number and transcriptomic profiles were quantified using SNPa and RNA-seq, respectively. Results Four MIA PaCa-2 clones showed distinctive phenotypes, with differences in cellular morphology, proliferation rate, migration potential, and drug sensitivity. We also observed a degree of genomic variations between these clones in form of chromosome copy number alterations and single nucleotide variations, suggesting the genomic heterogeneity of the population, and the intrinsic genomic instability of MIA PaCa-2 cells. Lastly, transcriptomic analysis of the clones also revealed gene expression profile differences between the clones, including the uniquely regulated ITGAV, which dictates the morphology of MIA PaCa-2 clones. Conclusions MIA PaCa-2 is comprised of cells with distinctive phenotypes, heterogeneous genomes, and differential transcriptomic profiles, suggesting its suitability as a model to study the underlying mechanisms behind pancreatic cancer heterogeneity.
Different mechanisms of synapsin-induced vesicle clustering at inhibitory and excitatory synapses

Synapsins cluster synaptic vesicles (SVs) to provide a reserve pool (RP) of SVs that maintains synaptic transmission during sustained activity. However, it is unknown how synapsins cluster SVs. Here we show that either liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) or tetramerization-dependent cross-linking can cluster SVs, depending upon whether a synapse is excitatory or inhibitory. Cell-free reconstitution revealed that both mechanisms can cluster SVs, with tetramerization bring more effective. At inhibitory synapses, perturbing synapsin-dependent LLPS impairs SV clustering and synchronization of GABA release, while perturbing synapsin tetramerization does not. At glutamatergic synapses, the opposite is true: synapsin tetramerization enhances clustering of glutamatergic SVs and mobilization of these SVs from the RP, while synapsin LLPS does not. Comparison of inhibitory and excitatory transmission during prolonged synaptic activity revealed that synapsin LLPS serves as a brake to limit GABA release, while synapsin tetramerization enables rapid mobilization of SVs from the RP to sustain glutamate release.
A approximately 10 MPC Void in the LY alpha Forest at Z = 3.17

The spectrum of the z = 3.285 quasar, Q0302−003, shows a large (∼10 Mpc) void in the Lyα forest at z ∼ 3.17. By simulating the absorption spectrum of the quasar with a range of Lyα forest cloud parameters, it is found that the probability of such a void occurring by chance is ∼ 2 × 10 −4 . Since the void is near (although not centered on) the redshift of a bright foreground quasar, the possibility that the void results from ionization of the clouds by the EUV radiation of this QSO is discussed
siRNA Knockdown Protocol for SARS-CoV-2 infection

Enterovirus D68 is a re-emerging enterovirus that causes acute respiratory illness in infants and has recently been linked to Acute Flaccid Myelitis. Here, we show that the histone deacetylase, SIRT-1, is essential for autophagy and EV-D68 infection. Knockdown of SIRT-1 blocks autophagy and reduces EV-D68 extracellular titers. The proviral activity of SIRT-1 does not require its deacetylase activity or functional autophagy. SIRT-1’s proviral activity is, we demonstrate, mediated through the repression of ER stress. Inducing ER stress through thapsigargin treatment or SERCA2A knockdown in SIRT-1 knockdown cells had no additional effect on EV-D68 extracellular titers. Knockdown of SIRT-1 also decreases poliovirus and SARS-CoV-2 titers but not coxsackievirus B3. In non-lytic conditions, EV-D68 is primarily released in an enveloped form, and SIRT-1 is required for this process. Our data show that SIRT-1, through its translocation to the cytosol, is critical to promote the release of enveloped EV-D68 viral particles.
Inversion of a general hyperelliptic integral and particle motion in Hořava–Lifshitz black hole space-times

The description of many dynamical problems such as the particle motion in higher dimensional spherically and axially symmetric space-times is reduced to the inversion of hyperelliptic integrals of all three kinds. The result of the inversion is defined locally, using the algebro-geometric techniques of the standard Jacobi inversion problem and the foregoing restriction to the θ-divisor. For a representation of the hyperelliptic functions the Klein–Weierstras multi-variable σ-function is introduced. It is shown that all parameters needed for the calculations such as period matrices and abelian images of branch points can be expressed in terms of the periods of holomorphic differentials and θ-constants. The cases of genus two, three, and four are considered in detail. The method is exemplified by the particle motion associated with genus one elliptic and genus three hyperelliptic curves. Applications are for instance solutions to the geodesic equations in the space-times of static, spherically symmetric Hořava–Lifshitz black holes.
The art and design of the CRAFT (Commensal Real-time ASKAP Fast Transients) survey

We describe the objectives and strategy of a commensal survey for fast (<5s) transient radio sources on ASKAP. Short-timescale transients are associated with the most energetic and brightest single events in the Universe. Our objective is to cover t he enormous volume of transients parameter space made available by ASKAP, with an unprecedented combination of sensitivity and field of view. Fast timescale transients open new vistas o n the physics of high brightness temperature emission, extreme states of matter and the physics of strong gravitational fields. In addition, the detection of extragalactic objects affords u s an entirely new and extremely sensitive probe on the huge reservoir of baryons present in the IGM. We outline here our approach to the considerable challenge involved in detecting fast transie nts, particularly the development of hardware fast enough to dedisperse and search the ASKAP data stream at real-time rates at high time resolution. CRAFT aims to test of many of the key technologies and survey modes proposed for high time resolution widefield science with the SKA.
Replication‐induced DNA secondary structures drive fork uncoupling and breakage

Sequences that can form DNA secondary structures, such as G-quadruplexes (G4s) and intercalated-Motifs (iMs), are abundant in the human genome and play a range of physiological roles. However, they can also pose a challenge to the replication machinery and in turn threaten genome stability. Multiple lines of evidence suggest G4s interfere with replication, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Moreover, there is a lack of evidence of how iMs affect the replisome. Here, we reconstitute replication of physiologically derived structure-forming sequences to find that a single G4 or iM is sufficient to arrest DNA replication. Direct single molecule structure detection within solid-state nanopores reveals structures form as a consequence of replication. A combination of genetic and biophysical characterisation establishes that structure forming capacity is a key determinant of replisome arrest. Mechanistically, replication fork arrest is caused by impaired synthesis, resulting in helicase-polymerase uncoupling. Significantly, iMs also induce breakage of nascent DNA. Finally, stalled forks are only rescued by a specialised helicase, Pif1, but not Sgs1 or Chl1. Altogether, this study provides a potential mechanism for quadruplex structure formation and resolution during replication and highlights G4s and iMs as endogenous sources of replication stress, which may explain their genomic instability and mutation frequencies in cancer.
Fast or slow? Clock readout sets internal periods

Circadian clocks are essential for the function of a wide array of organisms, from cyanobacteria to humans. Despite decades of productive study of these systems, mysteries remain, including why many biological clocks have non-24-hour internal periods. We take a new approach to circadian clocks by focusing on downstream readout of the clock’s state to answer physiologically relevant questions, such as ‘when will the sun rise? ’ Using this framework, we show that systematic errors arising from sunrise and sunset prediction can be compensated by having non-24 hour internal periods. We show that this prediction holds in models of cyanobacterial circadian clocks. Finally, we predict latitude-dependant qualitative changes in circadian clock structure and the performance of different clock phenotypes in common laboratory experimental setups.
Smoking in Young Dancers

Smoking has historically been very prevalent in the dance world. Despite mounting evidence of devastating health risks, the prevalence of smoking among dancers is alarmingly high. The American Lung Association (ALA) Fact Sheet – Teenage Tobacco Use provides some very valuable information regarding the adverse effects, the prevalence, and the risk factors of tobacco use by teens as well as preventative measures that can be implemented. This information and related research can be applied to the dance community in an effort to better understand and decrease the prevalence of smoking in young dancers.
Automatic Comment Generation for Chinese Student Narrative Essays

Automatic essay evaluation can help reduce teachers’ workload and enable students to re-fine their works rapidly. Previous studies focus mainly on giving discrete scores for either the holistic quality or several distinct traits. However, real-world teachers usually provide detailed comments in natural language, which are more informative than single scores. In this paper, we present the comment generation task, which aims to generate comments for specified segments from given student narrative essays. To tackle this task, we propose a planning-based generation model, which first plans a sequence of keywords, and then expands these keywords into a complete comment. To improve the correctness and informativeness of generated comments, we adopt two following techniques: (1) training an error correction module to filter out incorrect keywords, and (2) recognizing fine-grained structured features from source essays to enrich the keywords. To support the evaluation of the task, we collect a human-written Chinese dataset, which contains 22,399 essay-comment pairs. Extensive experiments show that our model outperforms strong baselines significantly. Moreover, we exert explicit control on our model to generate comments to describe the strengths or weaknesses of inputs with a 91% success rate. We deploy the model at http: //coai
A Multicriterion Pretopological Approach for Image Segmentation

We present a multicriterion pretopological formalism that allows the mathematical modeling of image segmentation. The choice of pretopology is motivated by the fact that it has less axioms than the topology which facilitates its adaptation to discrete spaces and in particularly image processing. The multicriterion pretopology is based on a multicriterion adherency that allow in a process of agregation to present the segmented image as a partition of all the
An Explainable Toolbox for Evaluating Pre-trained Vision-Language Models

We introduce VL-CheckList, a toolbox for evaluating Vision-Language Pretrain-ing (VLP) models, along with a benchmark dataset for fine-grained VLP model analysis. Most existing VLP models evaluate their performance by comparing the fine-tuned downstream task performance. However, only average downstream task accuracy provides little information about the pros and cons of each VLP method. In this paper, we demonstrate how minor input changes in language and vision will affect the prediction outputs. We also provide a guideline for the research community to utilizes and contributes to this toolbox. Lastly, a case study based on VL-CheckList is conducted to analyze one of the representative VLP models. Data and code are available at https://github.com/om-ai-lab/ VL-CheckList
CogKTR: A Knowledge-Enhanced Text Representation Toolkit for Natural Language Understanding

As the first step of modern natural language processing, text representation encodes discrete texts as continuous embeddings. Pre-trained language models (PLMs) have demonstrated strong ability in text representation and significantly promoted the development of natural language understanding (NLU). However, existing PLMs represent a text solely by its context, which is not enough to support knowledge-intensive NLU tasks. Knowledge is power , and fusing external knowledge explicitly into PLMs can provide knowledgeable text representations. Since previous knowledge-enhanced methods differ in many aspects, making it difficult for us to reproduce previous meth-ods, implement new methods, and transfer be-tween different methods. It is highly desirable to have a unified paradigm to encompass all kinds of methods in one framework. In this paper, we propose , a knowledge-enhanced text representation toolkit for nat-ural language understanding. According to our proposed Uni fied K nowledge-E nhanced P aradigm ( UniKEP ), CogKTR consists of four key stages, including knowledge acquisition, knowledge representation, knowledge injection, and knowledge application. CogKTR currently supports easy-to-use knowledge acquisition interfaces, multi-source knowledge embeddings, diverse knowledge-enhanced models, and various knowledge-intensive NLU tasks. Our unified, knowledgeable and modular toolkit is publicly available at GitHub 1 , with an online sys-tem 2 and a short instruction video 3 .
Maximally Flat Waveforms with Finite Number of Harmonics in Class- Power Amplifiers

In this paper general solution to the problem of finding maximally flat waveforms with finite number of harmonics (maximally flat trigonometric polynomials) is provided. Waveform coefficients are expressed in closed form as functions of harmonic orders. Two special cases of maximally flat waveforms (so-called maximally flat even harmonic and maximally flat odd harmonic waveforms), which proved to play an important role in class- and inverse class- power amplifier (PA) operations, are also considered. For these two special types of waveforms, coefficients are expressed as functions of two parameters only. Closed form expressions for efficiency and power output capability of class- and inverse class- PA operations with maximally flat waveforms are also provided as explicit functions of number of a harmonics.
A Fast and Efficient 3D Medical Image Registration Method

A fast and efficient 3D medical image registration method based on adjusting divergence and curl of image displacement field is presented. Using the fact that an image registration problem can be formulated as an optimal control problem, corresponding optimization problem is reduced to solving several Poisson equations. These Poisson equations are solved by finite element (FEM) and multigrid methods (MG), separately. Computational examples indicate that both solution approaches produce similarly good registration quality but that the cost associated with the multigrid approach is, on the average, less than that for the FEM.
Dynamic tuning of an infrared hybrid-metamaterial resonance using vanadium dioxide

We demonstrate a metamaterial device whose far-infrared resonance frequency can be dynamically tuned. Dynamic tuning should alleviate many bandwidth-related roadblocks to metamaterial application by granting a wide matrix of selectable electromagnetic properties. This tuning effect is achieved via a hybrid-metamaterial architecture; intertwining split ring resonator metamaterial elements with vanadium dioxide (VO2)-a material whose optical properties can be strongly and quickly changed via external stimulus. This hybrid structure concept opens a fresh dimension in both exploring and exploiting the intriguing electromagnetic behavior of metamaterials.