Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Topics in Cooperative Control

The main themes of this thesis are networked dynamic systems and related cooperative control problems. We shall contribute a number of technical results to the stability theory of switched positive systems, and present a new cooperative control paradigm that leads to several cooperative control schemes which allow multi-agent systems to achieve a common goal while, at the same time, satisfying certain local constraints. In this context, we also discuss a number of practical applications for our results. On a very abstract level, we first investigate the stability of an unforced dynamic system or network that switches between different configurations. Next, a control input is included to regulate the aggregate behaviour of the network. Lastly, looking at a particular instance of this problem setting, an estimation component is added to the mix. To be more specific, we first derive a number of necessary and sufficient, easily verifiable conditions for the existence of common co-positive linear Lyapunov functions for switched positive linear systems. This is particularly useful given the classic result that, roughly, existence of such functions is sufficient for exponential stability of the switched system under arbitrary switching. Such switched systems may represent a networked dynamic system that switches between different configurations. Next, we develop several cooperative control schemes for networked, dynamic multi- agent systems. Several decentralised algorithms are devised that allow the network to achieve what may be called implicit, constrained consensus: Constrained in the sense that the aggregate behaviour of the network (assumed to be a function of the totality of its states) should assume a prescribed value; implicit in the sense that the consensus is not to be reached on the states directly, but on values that are a function of the states. This can be used to assure inter-agent fairness in some sense, which makes this result relevant to a large class of real-world problems. Initially, three algorithms will be given that work in a variety of settings, including non-linear and uncertain settings, time-changing and asymmetric network topologies, as well as asynchronous state updates. For these results, the general assumption is that the aggregate behaviour of the network is made accessible to each node so that it can be incorporated into the control algorithm. Then, a somewhat more specific application is addressed, namely (algebraic) connec- tivity control in wireless networks. This is a setting where the aggregate behaviour (the network’s connectivity level, roughly an algebraic measure of how well information can flow through the network) has to be estimated first before it can be regulated. To that end, a fully decentralised scheme is developed that allows the connectivity level to be estimated locally in each node. This estimate is then used to inform a decentralised scheme to adjust the nodes’ interconnections in order to drive the network to the desired connectivity level. Finally, three further real-world applications are discussed that rely on the results pre- sented in this thesis.
Application Progress of O3/PMS Advanced Oxidation Technology in the Treatment of Organic Pollutants in Drinking Water

In recent years, due to the abuse of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), many refractory trace organic compounds (TrOCs) have been transferred into natural water bodies, posing significant challenges to the water environment. On the other hand, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are cleaner and more efficient than traditional biochemical degradation processes. Among them, the combined ozone/persulfate advanced oxidation process (O3/PMS) based on sulfate radicals (SO4•−) and hydroxyl radicals (•OH) has developed rapidly in recent years. Thus, this paper summarised the reaction mechanism of O3/PMS and analysed its research and application progress in drinking water treatment. In addition, the process’s operation characteristics and current application scope were discussed, and the generation ways and inhibition methods of bromate and halogenates, by-products in the oxidation process, were summarised, which had a specific reference value for further research on O3/PMS process.
Aeroengine Working Condition Recognition Based on MsCNN-BiLSTM

Aeroengine working condition recognition is a pivotal step in engine fault diagnosis. Currently, most research on aeroengine condition recognition focuses on the stable condition. To identify the aeroengine working conditions including transition conditions and better achieve the fault diagnosis of engines, a recognition method based on the combination of multi-scale convolutional neural networks (MsCNNs) and bidirectional long short-term memory neural networks (BiLSTM) is proposed. Firstly, the MsCNN is used to extract the multi-scale features from the flight data. Subsequently, the spatial and channel weights are corrected using the weight adaptive correction module. Then, the BiLSTM is used to extract the temporal dependencies in the data. The Focal Loss is used as the loss function to improve the recognition ability of the model for confusable samples. L2 regularization and DropOut strategies are employed to prevent overfitting. Finally, the established model is used to identify the working conditions of an engine sortie, and the recognition results of different models are compared. The overall recognition accuracy of the proposed model reaches over 97%, and the recognition accuracy of transition conditions reaches 94%. The results show that the method based on MsCNN–BiLSTM can effectively identify the aeroengine working conditions including transition conditions accurately.
Accretion in Compact Binaries

Compact binaries have long been a paradigm for accretion theory. Much of our present view of how accretion occurs comes directly from the comparison of theory with observations of these sources. Since theory differs little for other objects such as active galaxies, increasing efforts have recently gone into searching for correspondences in observed behaviour. This chapter aims at giving a concise summary of the field, with particular emphasis on new developments since the previous edition of this book. These developments have been significant. Much of the earlier literature implicitly assumed that accreting binaries were fairly steady sources accreting most of the mass entering their vicinity, often with main-sequence companions, and radiating the resulting accretion luminosity in rough isotropy. We shall see that in reality these assumptions fail for the majority of systems. Most are transient; mass ejection in winds and jets is extremely common; a large (sometimes dominant) fraction of even short-period systems have evolved companions whose structure deviates significantly from the zero-age main sequence; and the radiation pattern of many objects is significantly anisotropic. It is now possible to give a complete characterization of the observed incidence of transient and persistent sources in terms of the disc instability model and formation constraints. X-ray populations in external galaxies, particularly the ultraluminous sources, are revealing important new insights into accretion processes and compact binary evolution.
Topics in Harmonic Analysis Related to the Littlewood-Paley Theory.

This work deals with an extension of the classical Littlewood-Paley theory in the context of symmetric diffusion semigroups. In this general setting there are applications to a variety of problems, such as those arising in the study of the expansions coming from second order elliptic operators. A review of background material in Lie groups and martingale theory is included to make the monograph more accessible to the student.
Modeling of Protein Folding and Genetic Networks

Models for potein folding are developed and applied to peptides and small proteins with both α-helix and β-sheet structure. The energy functions, in which effective hydrophobicity forces and hydrogen bonds are taken to be the two central terms, are sequence-based and deliberately kept simple. The geometric representations of the protein chains are, by contrast, detailed and have torsion angles as the degrees of freedom. The thermodynamic properties of the models are studied using Monte Carlo methods and quantitative comparisons with experiments are carried out. To improve the sampling of compact states, a semi-local Monte Carlo update in the backbone torsion angles is developed. In addition, the thesis includes a study of a simple model for genetic networks, the Kauffman model.
Synthesis of low k1 projection lithography utilizing interferometry

Interference lithography has been widely utilized as a tool for the evaluation of photoresist materials, as well as emerging resolution enhancement techniques. The interferometric approach is both simple and inexpensive to implement, however it is limited in its ability to examine the impact of defocus due to the inherently large DOF (Depth-of-Focus) in two-beam interference. Alternatively, the demodulation of the aerial image that occurs as a result of defocus in a projection system may be synthesized using a two pass exposure with the interferometric method. The simulated aerial image modulation for defocused projection systems has been used to calculate the single beam exposure required to reproduce the same level of modulation in an interferometric system and a graphical representation termed “Modulation Transfer Curve” (MTC) was subsequently developed. An interferometric exposure system was used to experimentally synthesize defocus for modulations of 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 1.0. Feature sizes of 90nm were evaluated across dose and synthetic focus.
Integral criteria for Strong Renewal Theorems with infinite mean

Let $F$ be a probability measure on $\mathbb{R}$ in the domain of attraction of a stable law with exponent $\alpha\in (0, 1)$. We establish integral criteria on $F$ that significantly expand the probabilistic approach to Strong Renewal Theorems (SRTs). The criterion for $\alpha \in (0,1/2]$ is much weaker than currently available ones and in some cases provides sufficient and necessary conditions for the SRT. The criterion for $\alpha \in (1/2, 1)$ establishes the SRT in full generality and in a unified way, barring the Limit Local Theorems employed. As an application, for infinitely divisible $F$, an integral criterion on its L\'evy measure is established for the SRT. As another application, for $F$ in the domain of attraction of a stable law without centering, an integral criterion on $F$ is established for the SRT for the ladder height process of a random walk with step distribution $F$.
Assessment of the vertical relationship between the maxillary posterior teeth and the maxillary antral floor in a South Indian population using Cone Beam Computed Tomography- A radiographic observational study

Introduction and Aim: Maxillary sinus, also known as the Antrum of Highmore, is said to be one of the largest pyramidal shaped paranasal sinuses that begins at the 10th week of intrauterine development and undergoes pneumatisation. The root apices of the maxillary posterior teeth have a proximity to the antral floor, so a thorough understanding of this anatomical relationship is very essential as it can have an important influence during dental procedures such as implant planning, extractions, and certain other oral and maxillofacial surgeries. The aim of this study was to assess the vertical relationship between the posterior teeth in the maxillary arch with the floor of the maxillary antrum, using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) in a South Indian population. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of 50 right or left maxillary sinuses in panorama and tangential sections by tracing the outline forms of the maxillary antral floor and also measuring its vertical distance from maxillary posterior root apices. Results: Four types of relationship patterns were observed between the maxillary antral floor and root apices of the maxillary posteriors. The root apices of the maxillary second molar were found to be in close proximity with the maxillary sinus (2.27mm) and similar observation was found in the left side with the left second molar to be in close proximity to the sinus (2.04 mm). Conclusion: The assessment of this vertical relationship is very important during extractions, implant planning or during any other surgeries in the maxillofacial region.
Efficacy of High-Flow Nasal Cannula versus Conventional Oxygen Therapy in Obese Patients during the Perioperative Period: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background Obesity is a risk factor for severe airway obstruction and hypoxemia. High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is considered as a novel method for oxygen therapy, but the efficacy of HFNC for obese patients is controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy of HFNC compared with conventional oxygen therapy (COT) in obese patients during the perioperative period. Methods We searched the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and Google scholar databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the efficacy of HFNC with COT in obese patients during the perioperative period. The primary outcome was the incidence of hypoxemia, while the secondary outcomes included the lowest SpO2, the need for additional respiratory support, and the hospital length of stay (LOS). Results Twelve trials with 798 obese patients during the perioperative period were included. Compared with COT, HFNC reduced the incidence of hypoxemia (RR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.43 to 0.83; P=0.002; I2 = 24%; 8 RCTs; n = 458), increased the lowest SpO2 (MD, 2.88; 95% CI, 1.53 to 4.22; P < 0.0001; I2 = 32%; 5 RCTs; n = 264), decreased the need for additional respiratory support (RR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.21 to 0.88; P=0.02; I2 = 0%; 3 RCTs; n = 305), and shortened the hospital LOS (MD, −0.31; 95% CI, −0.57 to −0.04; P=0.02; I2 = 0%; 3 RCTs; n = 214). Conclusions This meta-analysis showed that compared with COT, the use of HFNC was able to reduce the incidence of hypoxemia, increase the lowest SpO2, decrease the need for additional respiratory support, and shorten the hospital LOS in obese patients during the perioperative period. Well-organized trials with large sample size should be conducted to support our findings.
Study on a Hierarchy Model

OF THE THESIS STUDY ON A HIERARCHY MODEL by Suisui Che Florida International University, 2012 Miami, Florida Professor Jie Mi, Major Professor The statistical inference about the parameters of Binomial-Poisson Hierarchy Model are discussed. On the basis of the estimators of paired observations we consider the other two cases with extra observations on both the first and second layer of the model. The MLEs of λ and p are derived and it is also proved that the MLE λ̂ is also the UMV UE of λ. By using multivariate central limit theory and large sample theory, the asymptotic behavior of both the estimators based on extra observations on the first and second layer are obtained respectively. The performances of these estimators are compared numerically based on extensive Monte Carlo simulation. Simulation studies indicate that the performance of these estimators are more efficient than those only based on paired observations. Inference about the confidence intervals forλ and p is presented for both cases. The efficiency of the estimators are compared with condition given that same number of extra observations are provided.
Systèmes différentiels et algébriques du type Riccati issus de la théorie des jeux

Ce travail porte sur l'etude des systemes differentiels et algebriques du type Riccati issus de la theorie des jeux differentiels lineaires quadratiques. Ces systemes derivent de l'equilibre de Nash et de la commande optimale sous une contrainte differentielle stochastique. Ils sont le principal obstacle a franchir afin d'obtenir les strategies optimales des joueurs. Dans le cas des systemes differentiels, nous avons construit une methode analytique pour le recherche d'une paire de solutions. Cette methode s'appuie sur des changements de base de la matrice decrivant l'equilibre de Nash. Dans le cas des systemes algebriques, nous avons propose des iterations du type Lyapunov et des iterations du type Riccati. Des proprietes des solutions iteratives ainsi que des conditions suffisantes de convergence de ces iterations sont egalement etablies. Les resultats numeriques obtenus avec ces deux types d'iterations sont presentees et compares. Ces resultats demontrent une plus grande performance des iterations du type Riccati relativement aux iterations du type Lyapunov.
Estimating high-order brain functional network via signed random walk for mild cognitive impairment identification

Brain functional network (BFN) has become an increasingly important tool to discover informative biomarkers for diagnosing neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease and its prodrome stage, namely mild cognitive impairment. Currently, the most popular BFN estimation methods include Pearson’s correlation and sparse representation. Despite their empirical success in some scenarios, such estimated BFNs only capture the low-order relationship (i.e., the direct connectivity strength between brain regions), ignoring the high-order information in the brain (e.g., the global network structure). Therefore, in this study, we proposed a novel method based on the signed random walk (SRW) to estimate high-order BFNs. Not only can SRW measure the global network structure, but it can also naturally deal with negative brain functional connectivity through the structural balance theory. To the best of our knowledge, this study was the first to use SRW in BFN estimation. Furthermore, considering the complex interaction among different brain regions, we developed a parameterized variant of SRW for improving the flexibility of the high-order BFN estimation model. To illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, we identified patients with mild cognitive impairment from normal controls based on the estimated high-order BFNs. Our experimental findings showed that the proposed scheme tended to achieve higher classification performance than baseline methods.
Evaluation of high‐level clouds in cloud resolving model simulations with ARM and KWAJEX observations

In this study, we evaluate high‐level clouds in a cloud resolving model during two convective cases, ARM9707 and KWAJEX. The simulated joint histograms of cloud occurrence and radar reflectivity compare well with cloud radar and satellite observations when using a two‐moment microphysics scheme. However, simulations performed with a single moment microphysical scheme exhibit low biases of approximately 20 dB. During convective events, two‐moment microphysical overestimate the amount of high‐level cloud and one‐moment microphysics precipitate too readily and underestimate the amount and height of high‐level cloud. For ARM9707, persistent large positive biases in high‐level cloud are found, which are not sensitive to changes in ice particle fall velocity and ice nuclei number concentration in the two‐moment microphysics. These biases are caused by biases in large‐scale forcing and maintained by the periodic lateral boundary conditions. The combined effects include significant biases in high‐level cloud amount, radiation, and high sensitivity of cloud amount to nudging time scale in both convective cases. The high sensitivity of high‐level cloud amount to the thermodynamic nudging time scale suggests that thermodynamic nudging can be a powerful “tuning” parameter for the simulated cloud and radiation but should be applied with caution. The role of the periodic lateral boundary conditions in reinforcing the biases in cloud and radiation suggests that reducing the uncertainty in the large‐scale forcing in high levels is important for similar convective cases and has far reaching implications for simulating high‐level clouds in super‐parameterized global climate models such as the multiscale modeling framework.
CHARTING UNEXPLORED DWARF GALAXY TERRITORY WITH RR LYRAE

Observational biases against finding Milky Way (MW) dwarf galaxies at low Galactic latitudes (b ≲ ? > 20°) and at low surface brightnesses ( &mgr; V,0 ≳ ? > 29 mag arcsec − 2 ? > ) currently limit our understanding of the faintest limits of the galaxy luminosity function. This paper is a proof-of-concept that groups of two or more RR Lyrae stars could reveal MW dwarf galaxies at d > 50 kpc in these unmined regions of parameter space, with only modest contamination from interloper groups when large halo structures are excluded. For example, a friends-of-friends (FOF) search with a 2D linking length of 500 pc could reveal dwarf galaxies more luminous than M V ? > = −3.2 mag and with surface brightnesses as faint as 31 mag arcsec − 2 ? > (or even fainter, depending on RR Lyrae specific frequency). Although existing public RR Lyrae catalogs are highly incomplete at d > 50 kpc and/or include <1% of the MW halo’s volume, a FOF search reveals two known dwarfs (Boötes I and Sextans) and two dwarf candidate groups possibly worthy of follow-up. PanSTARRS 1 (PS1) may catalog RR Lyrae to 100 kpc (in the absence of Galactic extinction) which would include up to ∼15% of predicted MW dwarf galaxies. Groups of PS1 RR Lyrae should therefore reveal very low surface brightness and low Galactic latitude dwarfs within its footprint, if they exist. With sensitivity to RR Lyrae to d ≳ ? > 600 kpc, LSST is the only planned survey that will be both wide-field and deep enough to use RR Lyrae to definitively measure the MW’s dwarf galaxy census to extremely low surface brightnesses, and through the Galactic plane.
Enhanced six operations and base change theorem for higher Artin stacks

In this article, we develop a theory of Grothendieck's six operations for derived categories in \'etale cohomology of Artin stacks. We prove several desired properties of the operations, including the base change theorem in derived categories. This extends all previous theories on this subject, including the recent one developed by Laszlo and Olsson, in which the operations are subject to more assumptions and the base change isomorphism is only constructed on the level of sheaves. Moreover, our theory works for higher Artin stacks as well. Our method differs from all previous approaches, as we exploit the theory of stable $\infty$-categories developed by Lurie. We enhance derived categories, functors, and natural isomorphisms to the level of $\infty$-categories and introduce $\infty$-categorical (co)homological descent. To handle the "homotopy coherence", we apply the results of our previous article arXiv:1211.5294 and develop several other $\infty$-categorical techniques.