Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DETERMINANTS OF WOMEN PARTICIPATION IN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS: A CASE OF KIMIRA–OLUCH SMALL HOLDERS FARM IMPROVEMENT PROJECT, HOMA-BAY COUNTY, KENYA

: Women participation in development issues has formed the global agenda ever since the first women conference held in 1975. Myriad reports however indicate low participation of women in various development projects. This has resulted into vulnerability of female gender. Thus many women are poor, cannot access adequate health, basic education, suffer from gender disparity and discrimination. Many researchers have identified a raft of factors that precipitate this kind of scenario including patriarchy, gendered ideology, gender suppression, political attitude, socio-cultural factors, economic, and infrastructure. However, not much has been done on irrigation scheme. Therefore, this research focused on determinants influencing women participation in development projects in the scheme. The purpose of the study was to investigate determinants that influence women participation in community based development projects in Kimira-Oluch Smallholder Farm Improvement Project Homa-Bay County, Kenya. The objectives of this study were: to identify how access to finance influence women participation: to find out the extent to which the level of education and training influence women participation; to assess how the culture and traditions influence women participation; and to establish how politics influence women participation Kimira-Oluch Smallholder Farm Improvement Project. The study would be beneficial in that it was bent to unfold the determinant influencing women participation in community based projects and that the findings therein would contribute to the existing pool of knowledge about gender, further, the findings of this study would provide important information and knowledge that would influences policy and reforms for enhancing gender mainstreaming in various community projects an d finally, that Lessons drawn from this study was vital to the communities, implementing partners, Donor and international NGOs to address the need for gender and development. Besides, the county government can find this information essential in order to rekindle its efforts towards empowering
RESEARCH ARTICLES Smiling and Laughter in Naturally Occurring Dyadic Interactions: Relationship to Conversation, Body Contacts, and Displacement Activities

Although research suggests that different types of smiles have different meaning, and possibly different functions, observational evidence to support that claim is relatively rare. The present study reports ethological observations on the frequency of smiling and laughter during naturally occurring dyadic interactions taking place in bars and cafés. Smiles were classified along two dimensions: spontaneous/deliberate and open/closed. Younger individuals displayed more laughter, spontaneous smiles and open smiles. People tended to smile more to individuals of their own sex and this was particularly salient for closed smiles, which appeared at significantly higher rates in male dyads. Different forms of smiles and laughter also varied with the behavioural context, characterized in this study by conversation time, displacement activities, and body contacts. The present findings also suggest that laughter plays a role in regulating partner's speech. This article supports the assumption that different forms of smiles have different functions in social relationships: Open and spontaneous smiles could be related to affiliation/bonding; whereas closed and deliberate smiles could be related to the regulation of status based social interactions. The relationship between smiling and laughter is also discussed.
SSC23-XII-01 Evaluating Rotation-Equivariant Deep Learning Models for On-Orbit Cloud Segmentation

Cloud detection in satellite imagery is key for autonomously taking and downlinking cloud-free images of a target region as well as studying cloud-climate interactions and calibrating microwave radiometers. We propose a C 8 -equivariant dense U-Net, a rotation-equivariant deep learning model, trained on visible-spectrum, long-wave infrared (LWIR), and short-wave infrared (SWIR) imagery for on-orbit cloud detection. We train this model on the SPARCS 1 dataset of Landsat 8 images and compare it to three related deep learning models, two rule-based algorithms, and to the literature. Additionally, we compare a C 8 -equivariant dense U-Net trained on VIS, LWIR, and SWIR imagery to the same algorithm trained on only VIS and LWIR, on only VIS and SWIR, and on only VIS imagery. We find that augmenting VIS imagery with SWIR imagery is most useful for missions where false positives (non-cloud pixels misidentified as cloud) are extremely costly, and that augmenting with LWIR imagery is most useful for missions where false negatives (cloud pixels misidentified as non-cloud) are extremely costly. We demonstrate also that our C 8 -equivariant dense U-Net achieves over 97% accuracy (over 99.5% when evaluated with a 2 pixel buffer at the cloud boundaries) on cloud segmentation on the SPARCS dataset, outperforming existing state-of-the-art algorithms as well as human operators, while remaining computationally lightweight enough to be usable on resource-constrained missions such as CubeSats.
contain-Effects of sunflower oil infusions of Asparagopsis taxiformis on in vitro ruminal methane production and biohydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids

Asparagopsis taxiformis inhibits ruminal methane (CH 4 ) production due to its bromoform (CHBr 3 ) content. The immersion of A. taxiformis in edible vegetable oils allows the extraction and stabilization of the highly volatile CHBr 3 in the oil phase. The objectives of this study were to explore the effects of adding sunflower oils with increasing concentrations of CHBr 3 on in vitro ruminal methanogenesis and biohydrogenation. Five 48h in vitro batch incubations were performed in 14 fermentation bottles, using a total mixed ration diet as substrate, ruminal liquid from crossbred young bulls collected shortly after slaughter, without adding oil (Control) or with 60 μL of sunflower oil per g of substrate dry matter (DM) (1 g DM of substrate was used). The treatments were the CHBr 3 content in the oil added: 0 μg (B0), 25 μg (B25), 50 μg (B50), 75 μg (B75), 100 μg (B100), and 150 μg (B150) of CHBr 3 per gram of substrate DM, supplied in 60 μL of oil. Organic matter degradability (OMD), total gas, CH 4 , volatile fatty acids (VFA), long-chain fatty acids (FA), and dimethyl acetals (DMA) were analyzed at the end of each incubation. Data were analyzed with a model considering the treatments as the fixed effect and the run as a random block and using orthogonal contrasts. Degradability of OM was higher in Control and was unaffected by CHBr 3 concentration. Total gas production per gram of degraded OM was unaffected by treatments and averaged 205 ± 29.8 mL/g. Methane (mL) production decreased linearly with increasing CHBr 3 concentrations, with 33%, 47%, and 87% reductions for B75, B100 and B150, respectively. Total VFA concentration was unaffected by oil inclusion but was reduced by 20% in CHBr 3 -containing treatments, although without any dose-response pattern. The molar percentage of acetate decreased linearly while propionate and butyrate increased linearly with the increasing CHBr 3 dosage. Including oil in the diet decreased the branched-chain FA and DMA content. Increasing CHBr 3 concentrations did not affect branched-chain FA but, linearly increased most of the identified DMA. Adding oil to the control diet increased the 18:2n-6, whereas increasing the concentration of CHBr 3 had no effect on 18:2n-6 but decreased linearly the 18:0 and increased the trans -18:1. The results obtained provide evidence that oil immersions of A. taxiformis can successfully inhibit ruminal production of CH 4 in vitro at doses of 100 and 150 μg/g DM, and simultaneously modulate biohydrogenation.
Science and Engineering Students as Teaching Assistants in High Schools: The "Educational Clinic" Program

The Technion – Israel Institute of Technology has initiated a unique program called "Educational Clinic", which trains science and engineering students as teaching assistants in high schools. At the end of the training phase, the students integrate into the schools and help high school pupils with mathematics and science. Thirteen students took part in the first class of the program which lasts for one academic year. The study described in this paper used qualitative tools in order to examine the students' attitudes towards the program throughout the year. The findings indicate very positive attitudes towards the program. Alongside a fixed high level of extrinsic motivational factors, which express student satisfaction of improving their teaching skills, a notable increase was found in the level of intrinsic motivational factors, which reflect the students' interest in the program. These findings are explained in light of the self-determination theory.
The Wisdom of Senses. Neo‑Confucian Reflections on Cultural Body

Sensory experiences are not passive feelings limited to the body or part of it, but influence the concept of the self, and play epistemological and aesthetic functions. This essay presents a few significant examples of the exploration of sensorial functions in the ambit of Neo‑Confucian philosophical and moral texts. The examples show a holistic approach, and above all explore the ‘legitimation’ of senses in the li‑qi
Propagation of Beta/Gamma Rhythms in the 1 Cortico-Basal Ganglia Circuits of the 2 Parkinsonian Rat 3

21 The functional impairment of the motor system associated with Parkinson’s Disease is thought to arise 22 as a result of pathological synchronization of the networks formed by the basal ganglia and motor 23 cortex. In this paper, we investigate changes to the directed connectivity in these networks following 24 chronic dopamine depletion to evaluate the plausibility of a number of hypotheses proposed to explain 25
SiLang Project – Situated Learning and “Serious Games” towards an Effective Multicultural Communication

Nowadays communicating effectively is very important in a multilingual world to be competitive in the professional environments. Individuals are called to communicate in foreign languages on a regular basis in the context of their professional or academic activities. This is not only happen when individuals travel to another country to meet peers face-to-face, e.g. in meetings or conferences, but also when they are involved in on-line services, such as social and professional networks. Now in this networked world, the virtual mobility for know-how exchange and enrichment of informational resources has become a common-place as much as the physical mobility. Professionals typically resort to a lingua franca, such as English, French, or German, for an efficient communication in the business world. However, most of the current approaches for foreign language learning, including the learning of vehicular languages, focus on developing knowledge of the use of the language in the country of origin without considering the widely varying pronunciations that come out from the native language as well as the so called “transfer effects”, such as influences on the syntax of the language, the choice of words and expressions, and more. So even if the vehicular languages are used to achieve communication objectives, it is often not easy to understand each other, since pronunciation, syntax, and choice of expressions from the speaker’s mother tongue are naturally introduced into communication. Currently the language learning methods are shifting from forcing all individuals to speak with one particular accent and one particular way, to emphasising the richness of EU cultures emerging in the diverting uses of vehicular languages. In this framework, situated language learning can be advantageous by enabling the design of learning activities that make an individual more familiar with specific work-related situations in varying cultures. This can be enhanced through "serious-games" where an individual is situated into an actual environment in a foreign country and is driven to communicate on business matters simulating real-life. “Serious games” are a method often used to learn a language, mostly off-line, e.
Relationship between Communication Difficulties and Psychological Distress as Experienced by Mechanically Ventilated Patients

: An appropriate and effective nurse-patient communication is of the most important aspect of caring for patient connected to mechanical ventilation. Aim: To assess Relationship Between Communication Difficulties and Psychological Distress among Mechanically Ventilated Patients. Research design: A descriptive correlational design was utilized in this study. Subjects A purposive sample consisting of 66 adults male and female patients recently extubated from mechanical ventilation sample size(66) patients. Tools: Data were obtained through three main tools; Socio-demographic sheet, Communication difficulties Scale sheet, and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress scale (DASS) Results: The majority of the recently extubated patient rated extremely severe anxiety during being ventilated, half of studied sample rated moderate stress, about half of them rated severe depression as a result of presence of communication barrier. This study delineated that more than half of the study sample rated that their communication during being ventilated about physical needs, applied care, asking about health status, and communication with family member as moderate to extremely. There was a statistically significant relation between communication difficulty with depression, anxiety, and stress. Recommendations: Reinforce role of nurse to use augmented alternative communication methods with mechanically ventilated patients.
K-Subspaces for Sequential Data

We study the problem of clustering high-dimensional temporal data such as video sequences of human motion, where points that arrive sequentially in time are likely to belong to the same cluster. State-of-the-art approaches to this problem rely on the union-of-subspaces model, where points lie near one of $K$ unknown low-dimensional subspaces. We propose the first approach to sequential subspace clustering based on the popular $K$-Subspaces (KSS) formulation, which we refer to as Temporal $K$-Subspaces (TKSS). We show how sequential information can be incorporated into the KSS problem and provide an efficient algorithm for approximate minimization of the resulting cost function, proving convergence to a local minimum. Results on benchmark datasets show that TKSS achieves state-of-the-art performance, obtaining an accuracy increase of over 10% compared to existing methods.
Counterfactual Metrics for Auditing Black-Box Recommender Systems for Ethical Concerns

Recommender systems can shape peoples’ online experience in powerful ways which makes close scrutiny of ethical implications imperative. Most existing work in this area attempts to measure induced harm exclusively based on observed recommendations under a set policy. This neglects potential dependencies on other quantities and can lead to misleading conclusions about the behavior of the algorithm. Instead, we propose counterfactual metrics for auditing recommender systems for ethical concerns. By asking how recommendations would change if users behaved differently or if the training data was different, we are able to isolate the effects of the recommendation algo-rithm from components like user preference and information. We discuss the ethical context of the suggested metrics and propose directions for future work.
Assessment of Mastitis Patterns in Serbian Dairy Cows: Blood Serum Metabolic Profile and Milk Composition Parameters

Mastitis is one of the most important diseases in dairy cows, leading to substantial economic losses associated with decreased milk production and quality. Early detection of changes in metabolic and milk parameters is crucial for maintaining animal welfare and milk quality. This study aimed to detect patterns in metabolic and milk composition parameters in Serbian dairy cows affected by mastitis. It also examined the relationship between these factors in cows with clinical and subclinical mastitis, as well as in healthy cows. This study included 60 Holstein-Friesian cows with the same body score condition that were in the same lactation phase. They were divided into three groups of 20: clinical and subclinical mastitis and a control group of healthy cows. The categorization was based on clinical udder health and the California mastitis test. Blood serum metabolic profiles were measured using a Rayto spectrophotometer (Shenzhen, China), and milk composition was determined using MilcoScanTM (Foss, Hilleroed, Denmark) and FossomaticTM (Foss, Hilleroed, Denmark) instruments. Significant increases in non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), total protein, globulin, urea, total bilirubin, magnesium, and enzyme activity were noted in mastitis-affected cows compared to healthy ones. Additionally, mastitis-affected cows had higher total protein and globulin levels and increased somatic cell counts (SCCs), while albumin concentrations were decreased. Furthermore, a negative correlation between total protein and lactose suggested inflammation leading to reduced lactose levels due to cell damage, infection, and lactose use by mastitis pathogens. Hence, indicators of the energy and protein status of the metabolic profile, together with the chemical composition of milk, may be significant diagnostic tools for detecting, monitoring, and predicting the outcome of mastitis in cows.
ASSESSMENT OF QUALITY OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING SERVICES IN ZANZIBAR: A CASE OF ABDULRAHMAN AL-SUMAIT UNIVERSITY AND ZANZIBAR UNIVERSITY

: University learners do face many challenges and fail to cope with university life challenges and become the sufferers of psychosocial problems including emotional instability and finally lead to incompetent workers. The ability to resolve their personal and social problems depend much provision of quality guidance and counselling service. This study there for, assessing the quality of guidance and counselling services at Higher Learning Institutions in Zanzibar, focusing on the case of ABDULRAHMAN AL-SUMAIT University and Zanzibar University (ZU). The specific objective of the study was: to identify the nature of guidance and counselling services commonly provided at Zanzibar University and ABDULRAHMAN AL-SUMAIT University, The study employed descriptive design using qualitative research approach during the process of gathering and analysing the data. Purposive sampling technique and random sampling were used and total of 50 respondents were involved in the study. The sample included lectures, counsellor, administrators and learners in two Universities in Zanzibar. Data was collected through interviews where the finding revealed that, counselling facilities which provide counselling service are inadequate and improper in managing the counselling session, however there are counsellors in both Universities with minimum counselling training of resolving learners’ psychosocial problems. It was also revealed that both Universities are providing guidance and counselling services mainly categorized into individual, group, social, personal, career and academic, though, there low attendance of learners in seeking for guidance and counselling service was also noticed ,The findings of the study, it was recommended that, Tanzanian Universities should have a uniformity in provision of quality guidance and counselling services through establishment of policies, guide lines, and being supervised by professional boards. Also, placement of highly qualified psychological counsellor at universities as a strategy of strengthening the quality of effective guidance and counselling services.
ANALYSIS OF THE DETECTION TECHNIQUE IN DELAY TOLERANT NETWORKS USING VDTN FRAME WORK

An unbroken connection between the source and the destination may not exist in Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs). It is possible for nodes to link and communicate spontaneously. This chapter of a book provides a high-level introduction to DTNs, zeroing in on Vehicular DTNs and discussing their salient features, difficulties
EXPLORING TEACHERS’ PERFORMANCE HANDLING MULTIPLE ANCILLARY FUNCTIONS: A MULTIPLE CASE STUDY

: This study utilized a multiple case design to describe and gain insights from the performances of teachers handling multiple ancillary functions in South Fatima District under the City Schools Division of General Santos City, Philippines. This study used an in-depth interview to gather the data needed. Findings of the study revealed six different cases of the participants such as elementary school teacher 1 as the passionate and committed; elementary school teacher 2 as the versatile and diligent; elementary school teacher 3 as the strategic and proud teacher; while secondary school teacher 1 as the ever-patient and job-oriented; secondary school teacher 2 as the eager to serve with integrity and being optimistic; and secondary school teacher 3 as the loving and selfless teacher. The study implied that these teachers entails life-long commitment in order to perform well despite of handling multiple ancillary functions. It was a complete package on sacrifice, persistence and determination. Handling multiple ancillary functions means being prepared holistically, aside from being optimistic and determined; they should also need to be strategic.
Studies on Bio-Degradation of LDPE-Observation of LDPE Films Scattered in Agricultural Fields or in Garden Soil.

畑, 庭, ゴミ捨て場などの土中に散乱するLDPE(低密度ポリエチレン)フィルムを採取し, 生分解状況を観察, 分析した. その結果, 一様に土壌に埋没していた部分では白色化が見られ, 無数の空孔も生じていた. ダメージを受けている部分をラクトフェノールコットンブルーで染色し, 顕微鏡観察したところ, 分解部位では細菌と推測されるコロニーの存在が確認され, 更に顕微鏡FT-IR分析でも生分解の特徴である主鎖中の-C=C-結合の存在とハイドロパーオキサイド, アルコールに由来するOH基の吸収の著しい増加を確認した. 一方, 土壌に埋没していない透明部では通常の光劣化等で生ずるC=Oの存在が認められるのみで, ラクトフェノールコットンブルーの染色もあまり認められない. これらの結果から, 回収されず散乱しているLDPEフィルムが土壌に埋没している場合には光, 雨等による通常の劣化と微生物の作用による劣化が相乗的に生じ, 比較的速く生分解してゆくことを確認した.