Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Selected Phytogenics for Sustainable Poultry Production

The use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in poultry production not only promotes the emergence of pathogenic multi-drug resistant bacteria, but it also compromises product quality, threatens animal and human health, and pollutes the environment. However, the complete withdrawal of AGP without alternatives could result in uncontrollable disease outbreaks that would jeopardize large-scale poultry intensification. Thus, the use of phytogenic products as potential alternatives to in-feed AGP has attracted worldwide research interest. These phytogenic products contain numerous biologically active substances with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities that can enhance poultry health, growth performance, and meat quality characteristics. In addition, the incorporation of phytogenic products as feed additives in poultry diets could result in the production of high-quality, drug-free, and organic poultry products that are safe for human consumption. Thus, this review examines the current evidence on the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of a selection of phytogenic products, their effects on nutrient utilization, and physiological and meat quality parameters in poultry. The paper also reviews the factors that could limit the utilization of phytogenic products in poultry nutrition and proposes solutions that can deliver efficient and sustainable poultry production systems for global food and nutrition security.
Characterization of defects in silicon carbide by Raman spectroscopy

We demonstrate the application of Raman spectroscopy as an optical non‐contact method for the characterization of silicon carbide (SiC). The Raman spectra provide information about the polytype and thus can give direct information about microscopic inclusions of hexagonal polytypes in 3C‐SiC grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) after annealing at elevated temperatures. Polytype conversion sets in at a about 1700 °C and at higher temperatures eventually results in larger domains of 6H‐SiC where twin boundaries act as barriers against a complete polytype conversion. We study shallow donor states of phosphorus‐ and nitrogen‐doped SiC using low temperature electronic Raman spectroscopy. The various low frequency transitions observed in nitrogen doped SiC are assigned to the valley‐orbit transitions of electrons in the 1s‐ground states of donors that occupy inequivalent lattice sites. During vacuum annealing at elevated temperature graphitization of the SiC surface occurs. Raman spectroscopy is used to verify that under well controlled conditions a monoatomic graphene layer exists. We observe a phonon hardening of that layer compared to free standing graphene that we ascribe mainly to strain induced by different thermal expansion coefficients of graphite and SiC. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Enhanced thermal and dielectric properties of porous thin films of graphene, conjugated terpolymer of pyrene/thiophene/heptaldehyde, and polyvinylidene difluoride alloys

Abstract We have developed conductive, lightweight, and porous composite of polyvinylidene difluoride by blending with synthesized conjugated terpolymer and graphene for conductive polymer composite applications. The new conjugated terpolymer designated as PEPy-TP is synthesized from 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene, 1-pyrenecarboxzaldehyde, and heptaldehyde through friedel craft reaction. The synthesized terpolymer PEPy-TP have been blended with polyvinylidene difluoride and graphene nanosheets to form porous composite and has been characterized using XRD, TGA, TG-DSC, DTA, DTG, SEM, EDX, and Dielectric spectroscopy. The porous composite is comprised of varying weight percentages of (1, 3, and 5%) of GNS and 10 wt% PEPy-TP in PVDF. The thermal studies on the porous composites indicated that the decomposition occurred at a temperature around 270 and 470 °C corresponds to the PEPy-TP and PVDF/PEPy-TP/GNS (1, 3, and 5%), respectively. The EDX spectrum of neat PEPy-TP polymer and their porous composites of PVDF/PEPy-TP/GNS (1, 3, and 5%) result clearly shows the presence of all elements, such as C, O, S, and F with an atomic weight percentage also. The PVDF/PEPy-TP/5% GNS porous composites having a tremendous electrical conductivity and the dielectric constant value is 56 at 1 MHz and their conductivity of this polymer porous composites value is determined to be 4.9 × 10−6 S/cm at 100 kHz, respectively. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Frequency-Dependent Characteristics and Parametric Modeling of the Silicon Substrate in TSV-Based 3-D ICs

This paper presents an in- depth investigation of the silicon substrate characteristics based on frequency-dependent parameters in the through-silicon via (TSV)-based 3-D ICs. It is the first time to define the frequency bands accurately on the ground of a quantitative standard of calibration to represent different characteristics of the silicon substrate. Moreover, by converting the conventional model of a TSV pair into an RC parallel circuit, a simplified model is established which makes the analysis of the silicon substrate concise associated with the frequency variation. To further reveal the influence of silicon substrate on the signal transmission between adjacent TSVs, relevant impedance parameters of the silicon substrate are converted into the impedance ( $Z$ ) matrix for parametric modeling, which is validated by 3D full-wave simulations. This work contributes a systematic examination of the silicon substrate characteristics with the variation of frequency, and provides significant guidance for parametric analysis and modeling in TSV-based 3-D ICs.
A Covariance Matrix-Based Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Algorithm in Electric Wireless Private Network

Cognitive radios can significantly improve the spectral efficiency of wireless communications. Spectrum sensing is a key function of cognitive radios to prevent the harmful interference with licensed users. This paper considers the cooperative spectrum sensing in 230 MHz electric wireless private networks. First, the statistical distribution of the sample covariance matrix of the received signals is investigated. Then, taking the ratio of the sum of absolute values of the off-diagonal elements of the sample covariance matrix to that of the diagonal elements as the decision metric, an improved covariance absolute value (ICAV) cooperative sensing algorithm is proposed. After that, a performance analysis concerning the probabilities of false alarm and detection is carried out. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the ICAV algorithm possesses an accurate decision threshold and is robust to the noise uncertainty.
The Evolution of Low-Mass Close Binary Systems. V. Transport Processes in the Envelopes of Contact Components: Erratum

Starting from an adiabatic, isopotential, irrotational approximation to the hydrodynamic equations, the nature of mass flow in the envelopes of contact components of semi-detached and contact systems is discussed. The local pressure reduction near L/sub 1/ results in mass outflow from the interior as well as surface flow. A component with a deep convective envelope can couple through the inner Lagrangian point well before its photosphere reaches its nominal Roche lobe. The horizontal pressure gradients characterizing the flow have scale heights only a fraction of the geometrical depth of contact. Eddy formation by Coriolis forces is inhibited by the turbulent viscosity of a convective medium, but the net effect of convection is further to impede net mass flow. The thermal diffusion time scale of the common envelope is found to be of the order of the sound travel time between components. Therefore flow between components can significanty perturb the vertical thermal structure of the common envelope only in the region near the inner Lagrangian point. A model of luminothat envelopeity transfer in contact binaries is proposed in which large-scale heat transport is accomplished by the coupling of Eddington-Sweet-type circulation with the dynamical flow near L/sub 1/. The large-scale circulation betweenmore » components absorbs or releases energy in the envelope of each star according to whether or not it is in the same sense as the static vertical entropy gradient in that envelope. An approximate criterion is obtained for good thermal contact in a common envelope, and shown to accord well with observed depths of contact. « less
SPIN-CROSSOVER PHASE TRANSITION OF A CHAIN FE(II) COMPLEX STUDIED BY X-RAY-ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE SPECTROSCOPY

Temperature dependence of Fe K-edge x-ray-absorption fine-structure spectra of a chain Fe(II) complex ${[\mathrm{Fe}(4\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{o}\ensuremath{-}1,2,4\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{z}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{e})}_{3}{](\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_{3}{\mathrm{SO}}_{3}{)}_{2}{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\cdot}}2\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$ was investigated to obtain local structural information on the spin-crossover phase transition at \ensuremath{\sim}280 K. The analysis of the x-ray-absorption near-edge structure spectra successfully yielded the low-spin/high-spin composition ratios as a function of temperature. The analysis of the extended x-ray-absorption fine structure was performed not only for the nearest-neighbor Fe-N shell but for higher-neighbor shells such as the Fe-Fe coordination. For the temperature-dependent analysis of the nearest-neighbor Fe-N shells, the elongation of the distance and the softening of the stretching vibration were revealed, implying significant weakening of the bond on the transition from the low- to the high-spin states. This indicates that the Fe-N stretching vibration contributes to the entropy difference significantly. The abrupt change of the interatomic distance and the divergent behavior of the Debye-Waller factor for the nearest-neighbor Fe-N shell were clearly observed upon the phase transition. These findings in the spin-crossover phase transition are discussed by comparing the order-disorder transition from a local-structure point of view.
The dispersion characteristics of sonic crystals consisting of elliptic cylinders

Dispersion characteristics of the two-dimensional sonic crystals consisting of elliptic rods are investigated. Due to the geometric anisotropy of the elliptic rods, we can obtain different structure factors for varying the equifrequency surfaces, (EFSs) and the refractive direction can be tuned. The plane wave expansion method is used to calculate the EFSs for the sonic crystals with a triangular lattice. The pressure distribution in the sonic crystal is also obtained by the finite element method. The refraction angles are found to be dependent on the frequency of the incident wave and the orientation angle of the elliptic rods. By employing the dispersion characteristics of the elliptic rod sonic crystal, we can design and develop new acoustic devices, such as acoustic switches and splitters.
Parametric semi-blind deconvolution algorithm with Huber–Markov regularization for passive millimeter-wave images

Passive millimeter-wave (PMMW) images often suffer common problems of noise and blurring. A new method is proposed to estimate the instrument response function (IRF) and desired image simultaneously. The proposed variational model integrates the adaptive weight data term, image smooth term, and IRF smooth term. The major novelty of this work is that Huber–Markov regularization is adopted for PMMW image restoration, which can preserve structural details as well as suppress noise effectively. The IRF is parametrically formulated as a Gaussian-shaped function based on experimental measurements through the utilized PMMW imaging system. The alternation minimization iterative method is applied to achieve the IRF width and desired image. Comparative experimental results with some real PMMW images reveal that the proposed approach can effectively suppress noise, reduce ringing artifacts, and improve the spatial resolution.
A Novel Precomputed Optimal Procrastination Time Interval for Re-Clustering to Maximize Operation Time of Wireless Sensor Networks

In wireless sensor networks, the energy consumption of sensors is not uniform over the whole region of deployment. The uneven energy usage occurs because some sensors have to transmit data to farther distances or have to transmit more data packets than others. This leads to a shorter duration of operation because some sensors’ energy will deplete fast creating holes in the network. To alleviate this problem, we proposed an algorithm we named Procrastinated Clustering and Multi-Hop Routing (PCMR). To prolong the operation, it will optimally assign sensors with different precomputed procrastination periods to schedule the clustering and routing processes. In PCMR, sensors’ clustering and routing intervals depend on their locations in the network with respect to the sink. The algorithm could reduce and balance energy consumption for sensors distributed over a wide area. Procrastination periods are precomputed off-line before deployment. Therefore, it is easy to implement and is efficient, even for a large network for which real-time reorganization would involve transmitting a large number of signaling packets. The results from simulations show that the proposed PCMR algorithm could balance energy usage among sensors, and prolong the network lifetime compared to existing works based on techniques such as adjusting cluster size and/or multi-path transmission.
Stability augmentation and mosaic method of forward-scan sonar images

In recent years, forward-scan sonar is widely applied to the underwater inspection, which is not subject to the influence of light and turbidity. For expanding the monitoring scope, the image sonar is generally mounted on the pan-tilt platform of a ROV (Remotely Operated Vehicle) or survey boat. However, there are still some problems such as: 1) The field-of-view is narrow, i.e. the horizontal view angle of DIDSON (Dual-frequency identification sonar) is 29°; 2) The dynamic change of a ROV or survey boat by the water disturbances will cause the target to escape from the sonar image easily; 3) The image sonar is fixed on the pan-tilt platform, and its position and posture are unceasingly changed. As a result of these problems, the obtained images may be distorted and not on the same plane. To solve the above problems, stability augmentation of pan-tilt platform based on the principle of bionic eye movements and a mosaic method of sonar images are presented. According to the principle of the vestibule-ocular reflex, an active compensation control system of the mechanical pan-tilt platform is developed. It can compensate the sonar image instability resulting from attitude variation of a ROV or survey boat during operation. Applying multi-sensor fusion technology can rectify the sonar images with different position and posture to be on a single geodetic coordinate frame for image matching. Finally, sonar images can be mosaic. A stable large-scale sonar image can be obtained. The experimental results validate that the presented method is valid.
Study of Collisions. Part. I. A Survey of the Periodical Literature

A review of the periodical literature on the subject of impact and the coefficient of restitution e shows that it depends not only on the materials (elastic moduli) of the colliding objects, but also on (1) their relative normal velocity at the instant of impact, (2) their shapes and sizes, (3) their masses, and (4) the medium in which the impact occurs.
Análisis de los procesos de aplicación de las Leyes de Gauss y Ampère por estudiantes universitarios de España y Argentina

The main objective of this study is to analyze the reasoning of university students regarding two laws of electromagnetism: Gauss's law (in electric field) and Ampere's law (in magnetic field). It has been supposed that the problems observed in the understanding and application of both laws do not only come from students's misconceptions. Students habitually use reasoning based on 'common sense' methodology that leads to a form of reasoning, known in the literature as 'functional reduction' and 'functional fixation'. To test our hypothesis five open problematic situation, with an emphasis on explanations, were designed. The results obtained seem to confirm that university students have serious difficulties in understanding and applying both of the above mentioned laws
Genome-Wide Analysis of Wheat GATA Transcription Factor Genes Reveals Their Molecular Evolutionary Characteristics and Involvement in Salt and Drought Tolerance

GATA transcription factor genes participate in plant growth, development, morphogenesis, and stress response. In this study, we carried out a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of wheat GATA transcription factor genes to reveal their molecular evolutionary characteristics and involvement in salt and drought tolerance. In total, 79 TaGATA genes containing a conserved GATA domain were identified in the wheat genome, which were classified into four subfamilies. Collinear analysis indicated that fragment duplication plays an important role in the amplification of the wheat GATA gene family. Functional disproportionation analysis between subfamilies found that both type I and type II functional divergence simultaneously occurs in wheat GATA genes, which might result in functional differentiation of the TaGATA gene family. Transcriptional expression analysis showed that TaGATA genes generally have a high expression level in leaves and in response to drought and salt stresses. Overexpression of TaGATA62 and TaGATA73 genes significantly enhanced the drought and salt tolerance of yeast and Arabidopsis. Protein–protein docking indicated that TaGATAs can enhance drought and salt tolerance by interacting between the DNA-binding motif of GATA transcription factors and photomorphogenesis-related protein TaCOP9-5A. Our results provided a base for further understanding the molecular evolution and functional characterization of the plant GATA gene family in response to abiotic stresses.
Design of a Broadband Millimeter-Wave Array Antenna for 5G Applications

A broadband coplanar feed patch antenna for 5G millimeter-wave (mmWave) applications is initially studied. To achieve good beam scanning/steering characteristics, the single-patch antenna element design is applied to form a 1 × 4 antenna array with a gap distance (center-to-center) of 6 mm (about 0.5 λ0 at 25 GHz) between two adjacent antenna elements. To achieve better impedance matching (broad bandwidth) and isolation level, four sets of 2 × 3 parasitic square array patches are also loaded into the proposed 1 × 4 antenna array. The measured overlapped 10 dB impedance bandwidth of the proposed 1 × 4 antenna array was 28% (23–30.5 GHz), which can cover the 5G NR (new radio) bands n257/n258/n261 (24.25–29.5 GHz). Across the bands of interest, the isolation between any two adjacent array elements is greater than 16 dB with a maximum gain of 9.76 dBi and total efficiency >68%. Even though the overall size of the proposed 1 × 4 antenna array is 26 × 5 × 1.524 mm, a wide range of beam scanning angles covering ±40° can still be obtained at 27 GHz.
Time-resolved optical spectrometer based on a monolithic array of high-precision TDCs and SPADs

We present a compact time-resolved spectrometer suitable for optical spectroscopy from 400 nm to 1 μm wavelengths. The detector consists of a monolithic array of 16 high-precision Time-to-Digital Converters (TDC) and Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPAD). The instrument has 10 ps resolution and reaches 70 ps (FWHM) timing precision over a 160 ns full-scale range with a Differential Non-Linearity (DNL) better than 1.5 % LSB. The core of the spectrometer is the application-specific integrated chip composed of 16 pixels with 250 μm pitch, containing a 20 μm diameter SPAD and an independent TDC each, fabricated in a 0.35 μm CMOS technology. In front of this array a monochromator is used to focus different wavelengths into different pixels. The spectrometer has been used for fluorescence lifetime spectroscopy: 5 nm spectral resolution over an 80 nm bandwidth is achieved. Lifetime spectroscopy of Nile blue is demonstrated.
A Review of Margetuximab-Based Therapies in Patients with HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer

Simple Summary HER2+ metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is a highly prevalent type of breast cancer owing to its resistance to conventional anti-HER2 drugs. Therefore, novel agents that can arrest tumor progression and enhance the overall survival rates of HER2+ breast cancer patients, which would represent a major advancement toward the treatment of HER2 + MBC, need to be developed. This review provides insights into the clinical implication and utility of margetuximab, an anti-HER2 drug, in HER2 + MBC treatment, focusing on studies on the efficacy of margetuximab. Margetuximab is indeed an excellent addition to the arsenal of anti-HER2 mAb drugs that can be used for treating HER2 + MBC. Abstract Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer globally, with high mortality rates. Targeted drug therapies have revolutionized cancer treatment. For example, treatment with human epidermal receptor 2 (HER2) antagonists has markedly improved the prognosis of patients with HER2-positive BC (HER2 + BC). However, HER2+ metastatic BC (MBC) remains prevalent owing to its resistance to conventional anti-HER2 drugs. Therefore, novel agents are needed to overcome the limitations of existing cancer treatments and to enhance the progression-free and overall survival rates. Progress has been made by optimizing the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of trastuzumab, an IgG1 monoclonal, chimeric anti-HER2 antibody, to develop margetuximab. The modified Fc domain of margetuximab enhances its binding affinity to CD16A and decreases its binding affinity to CD32B, thereby promoting its antitumor activity. This review summarizes studies on the efficacy of margetuximab, discusses its utility as an anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody drug for the treatment of HER2 + BC, and presents the latest advances in the treatment of BC. This review provides insights into the clinical implication of margetuximab in HER2 + MBC treatment.
Theory of Jet Formation by Charges with Lined Conical Cavities

An article by Birkhoff, MacDougall, Pugh, and Taylor (see reference 1) presented hydrodynamic theories of jet formation and target penetration by explosives with lined conical cavities. However, it was unable to explain satisfactorily why the jets produced are several times as long and, therefore, several times as effective as the steady‐state theory predicts. It is shown here that these difficulties are overcome by assuming a variable instead of a constant collapse velocity for the walls of the conical liner. The variability in the collapse velocity produces a surprisingly large change in the process of jet formation.
BYPASS-OMA: Hypoglycemic Hyperinsulinemic Nesidioblastosis after Gastric Bypass Surgery—A Case Report and Review of the Literature

This rare case vignette describes hypoglycemic, hyperinsulinemic nesidioblastosis in a female patient with prior Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. The patient presented with severe symptomatic hypoglycemia resistant to IV dextrose and diazoxide, requiring surgical resection. Traditional imaging found nonspecific findings, and biochemical analysis was inconsistent with insulinoma. A gallium-68 dotatate PET scan was utilized to successfully localize the tumor in the distal pancreas. She underwent laparoscopic resection of the distal pancreatic lesion with resolution of her symptoms and return to euglycemia. The histological evaluation confirmed the diagnosis of nesidioblastosis. Nesidioblastosis is a rare complication of bariatric surgery that may be more clinically relevant with rising prevalence of obesity. Diagnosis with conventional imaging modalities may be challenging; however, the dotatate PET scan may have high utility in detecting lesions. It is essential for clinicians to consider nesidioblastosis in the differential diagnosis of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic conditions and recognize there may be a link with increasing rates of bariatric surgery.