Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Improved Full Waveform Inversion Procedure Based on Scattering Angle Enrichment

The gradient of standard full waveform inversion (FWI) attempts to map the residuals in the data to perturbations in the model. Such perturbations include smooth background updates from the transmission components and high wavenumber updates from the reflection components. A new optimization approach is used to update the background and perturbed velocity, simultaneously. We also use a more efficient scattering angle filter to enhance the large scattering angle for the background velocity update and enhance the small scattering angle for the perturbed velocity update. This efficient implementation of the filter is fast and requires less memory. Thus, the new FWI procedure updates mainly along the wave-path for both diving and reflected waves in the initial stages. At the same time, it updates the perturbation with mainly reflections (filtering the diving waves). An application to Marmousi model shows that this method converges starting with a linearly increasing velocity, and with data free of frequencies below 4 Hz.
Effect of Electrocautery and Laser Treatment on the Composition and Morphology of Surface-Modified Titanium Implants

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different peri-implantitis treatment methods (Er,Cr:YSGG laser, diode laser, and electrocautery) on various titanium implant surfaces: machined; sandblasted, large-grit, and acid-etched; and femtosecond laser-treated surfaces. Grade 4 titanium (Ti) disks, with a diameter of 10 mm and a thickness of 1 mm, were fabricated and treated using the aforementioned techniques. Subsequently, each treated group of disks underwent different peri-implantitis treatment methods: Er,Cr:YSGG laser (Biolase, Inc., Foothill Ranch, CA, USA), diode laser (Biolase, Inc., Foothill Ranch, CA, USA), and electrocautery (Ellman, Hicksville, NY, USA). Scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and wettability were used to characterize the chemical compositions and surfaces of the treated titanium surfaces. Significant changes in surface roughness were observed in both the electrocautery (Sa value of machined surface = 0.469, SLA surface = 1.569, femtosecond laser surface = 1.741, and p = 0.025) and Er,Cr:YSGG laser (Ra value of machined surface = 1.034, SLA surface = 1.380, femtosecond laser surface = 1.437, and p = 0.025) groups. On femtosecond laser-treated titanium implant surfaces, all three treatment methods significantly reduced the surface contact angle (control = 82.2°, diode laser = 74.3°, Er,Cr:YSGG laser = 73.8°, electrocautery = 76.2°, and p = 0.039). Overall, Er,Cr:YSGG laser and electrocautery treatments significantly altered the surface roughness of titanium implant surfaces. As a result of surface composition after different peri-implantitis treatment methods, relative to the diode laser and electrocautery, the Er,Cr:YSGG laser increased oxygen concentration. The most dramatic change was observed after Er:Cr;YSGG laser treatment, urging caution for clinical applications. Changes in surface composition and wettability were observed but were not statistically significant. Further research is needed to understand the biological implications of these peri-implantitis treatment methods.
Halophytes a New Key for Developing Saline Regions 1 Classification

Halophytes species are a diverse group of plants with varying degrees of actual salt tolerance, there are various classifications of Abstract Halophytes are receiving more attention from plant scientist, for improvement of the performance of glycophytes in salt-affected soils, unfortunately, the major economic crops (Glycophytes) could not tolerate salinity conditions even low concentrations, Halophytes species are a diverse group of plants with varying degrees of actual salt tolerance, there are various classifications of halophytes based on different characters, as their chemical composition of the shoots, or their ability to secrete ions, as their characteristics of naturally saline habitats, on Physiological bases, and as Ecological types. There are many growth forms can be distinguished in the halophytic species, these growth forms reflect the high stress in the salt lands, some of this growth form Rhizomatous, Leafless succulent shrub, Leafy non-succulent herbs, Leafless tree, and Succulent herb. Halophytes has various life forms which reflect their response to the high salt levels, it includes Annual plants; Perennial; Perennial grass; Perennial sea grass; Perennial shrubs, Shrub; Fern; Parasitic perennial plant; Sea grass; Vine, and trees. Halophytes utilize two main strategies (Salt tolerance and Salt avoidance) to adapted and complete life cycle under highly saline conditions. Also, halophytes use various complicated mechanisms for survival under salinity environments by regulate ion concentrations in the cell, or exert excessive salt out of plant tissue.
The Impact of Contemporary Antiretroviral Drugs on Atherosclerosis and Its Complications in People Living With HIV: A Systematic Review

With the advent of modern antiretroviral therapy (ART), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has been modified into a chronic manageable condition, prolonging the lifespan of people living with HIV (PLHIV). This has resulted in an increased non-AIDS-related morbidity in the HIV-infected population. Our aim is to study the role of contemporary ART in tackling the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in PLHIV. We searched through the databases of PubMed, PubMed Central, and Cochrane Library for pertinent articles using the medical subject headings (MeSH) “HIV infection”, “Atherosclerosis”, and “Antiretroviral agents”. The articles published in the past five years were retrieved, screened for relevance, and assessed for quality before being included in the review. This review was performed following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The results indicate that the incidence of dyslipidemia with integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) is greater than with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and lesser than with protease inhibitors (PIs). INSTIs are indispensably associated with weight gain and obesity. High triglyceride (TG) and oxidized low-density lipoproteins to low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL/LDL) ratio levels and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels are seen in patients taking PIs. A higher incidence of hypertension and metabolic syndrome (MetS) was noticed with INSTIs compared to NNRTIs. PI intake for >5 years increases the risk of subclinical atherosclerosis. Increased risk of myocardial infarction with INSTIs was observed in a study, while another study reported decreased risk. HIV infection independently increases the risk for atherosclerosis and CVD. Although contemporary ART decreases this enhanced risk, it inherently increases the risk for abnormal lipid profile, MetS, weight gain, and obesity. Further research into the risk of atherosclerosis and CVD with newer ART drugs is essential for decoding the underlying mechanisms and preventing adverse cardiac outcomes in PLHIV.
Public Private Partnership and Infrastructure Development in Southeast Nigeria

nfrastructure is inevitable for the socio-economic development of a nation I including Nigeria Indeed efcient transport, energy and communication systems among others are critical for socio-economic development of any society. Inadequate, deteriorating has become a common feature of the southeast region. It is seemingly responsible for increased poverty, insecurity, low investments, low human capacity utilization, poor basic needs, etc., which undermines the economy of the region. While the traditional means of procurement has failed to address the infrastructural needs of the region due to scal constraints and cost efciency, public private partnership is increasingly being utilized across the globe as a veritable means of procuring public infrastructure. In the light of this, this study interrogates public private partnership and infrastructure development in southeast Nigeria. It aims to ascertain if public private partnership can be employed to accelerate the development of public infrastructure, particularly transportation of goods and services across the region. It adopts the tie-level theory as the framework for analysis and generates data from documentary sources. The results indicate that there is inadequate and poor infrastructure development in the southeast which can be addressed through the mechanism of public private partnership initiatives in several ways, including development of interstate highway systems, interstate railway and mass transit systems, regional international airport gateway, and coastal marine transportation gateways; water resources development for industrial, domestic and agricultural use; power system, etc. It therefore recommends the need to create a statutory foundation for the implementation of public private partnership in the region to ensure transparency and a competitive participation of private partners.
Foreign economic policy uncertainty shocks and real activity in the Euro area

In this policy brief, we document evidence of the effects of foreign economic policy uncertainty (henceforth EPU) that originates in the US and China on real activity in the Euro area. We show that US and Chinese EPU shocks trigger a contraction of Euro area real activity that lasts for one year. The empirical results also testify that external EPU accounts for larger share of real business cycle fluctuations than domestic EPU. In an extended setting, we run a counterfactual exercise to investigate the transmission channel of foreign EPU shocks on the Euro area economy. The outcomes from this simulation point to heterogeneity in the propagation mechanism of US with respect to Chinese EPU shocks.
Application of Health Belief Model to Assess Predictors of Weight Management Behaviour Intention Among Civil Servants in Ethiopia: A Mixed Method Study

Introduction This study aims to use the health belief model to identify predictors of weight management behaviour among civil servants in Ethiopia. Predictors include perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy. The study will provide insight into potential factors that civil servants perceive as significant in weight management. Methods A sequential explanatory study was conducted from November 15, 2022, to January 20, 2020 among civil servants working in Dessie town, with 423 participants selected through simple random and purposive sampling techniques for the quantitative and qualitative studies, respectively. Self-administered questionnaires were used for the quantitative study, while in-depth interviews were conducted for the qualitative study. Data was verified, entered into Epi Data, and analysed using Stata for multivariable linear regression. ATLAS.ti software version 7 facilitated the qualitative data analysis process. Findings with a p-value <0.05 at a 95% confidence interval were considered statistically significant in the final model. Results This study found that several factors were significantly associated with higher behavioural intention for weight management. Females had higher intention than males, and individuals with higher educational levels demonstrated higher intention. Marital status was also a factor, with being divorced associated with lower intention. The absence of an obese family member and lack of prior weight loss experience were also linked to lower intention. Perceived susceptibility and perceived benefits positively influenced intention, while higher perceived barriers were linked to lower intention. Conclusion The study found that a stronger inclination towards weight management was linked to being female, having higher education, no obese family member, prior weight loss experience and positive attitudes. Interventions should target those less likely to exhibit these characteristics and address negative attitudes towards weight management.
Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) in Broiler Breeders: An Overview

Poultry meat is one of the major animal protein sources necessary to meet the global protein demand. Sustainability in broiler production is the key to achieving its continuous supply, and broiler breeders play a critical role in maintaining this sustainability by providing good quality chicks. Colibacillosis, the disease caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), causes severe economic losses to the poultry industry globally. Moreover, APEC causes an additional burden among broiler breeders, such as a decrease in egg production and mortality among these birds. There is vertical transmission of APEC to the broiler chicks through eggs, resulting in increased first-week mortality and subsequent horizontal transmission at the hatchery. In this regard, the vertical transmission of antibiotic resistance genes is another concern that needs attention. Controlling several diseases in broiler breeders would possibly reduce the first-week mortality in chicks, thereby maintaining the production level. For that, constant monitoring of the bacterial populations is critical. Moreover, amidst the increased antibiotic resistance pattern, more focus on alternative treatment strategies like vaccines, probiotics, and bacteriophages is necessary. Future research focusing on strategies to mitigate APEC in broiler breeders would be one of the finest solutions for sustainable broiler production.
Physical and chemical attributes of a defatted soy flour meat analog

The objective of this study was to observe how the replacement of soy protein isolate in a meat analog with defatted soy flour would affect the physical and chemical characteristics of the product. A 4 × 3 × 3 (four mixes, three moisture contents, and three cooking temperatures) factorial experiment with 2 replications was conducted. The first set of information acquired was the extruder responses. To observe any differences in texture, a texture profile analysis (TPA) was conducted. Color tests were performed to determine if the addition of defatted soy flour, moisture content, or cooking temperatures had an effect on the appearance of the final product. Finally, protein solubility was performed to interpret the changes in chemical bonds that would cause the differences in the textures of the samples. Statistical methods, such as generalized linear models (GLM) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to determine the significance of the variables and the relationships among results.
Prediction for blood lactate during exercise using an artificial intelligence—Enabled electrocardiogram: a feasibility study

Introduction: The acquisition of blood lactate concentration (BLC) during exercise is beneficial for endurance training, yet a convenient method to measure it remains unavailable. BLC and electrocardiogram (ECG) both exhibit variations with changes in exercise intensity and duration. In this study, we hypothesized that BLC during exercise can be predicted using ECG data. Methods: Thirty-one healthy participants underwent four cardiopulmonary exercise tests, including one incremental test and three constant work rate (CWR) tests at low, moderate, and high intensity. Venous blood samples were obtained immediately after each CWR test to measure BLC. A mathematical model was constructed using 31 trios of CWR tests, which utilized a residual network combined with long short-term memory to analyze every beat of lead II ECG waveform as 2D images. An artificial neural network was used to analyze variables such as the RR interval, age, sex, and body mass index. Results: The standard deviation of the fitting error was 0.12 mmol/L for low and moderate intensities, and 0.19 mmol/L for high intensity. Weighting analysis demonstrated that ECG data, including every beat of ECG waveform and RR interval, contribute predominantly. Conclusion: By employing 2D convolution and artificial neural network-based methods, BLC during exercise can be accurately estimated non-invasively using ECG data, which has potential applications in exercise training.
Modeling of the Second Indirect Effect of Anthropogenic Aerosols in East Asia

Abstract This study investigated the second indirect climatic effect of anthropogenic aerosols, including sulfate, organic carbon (OC), and black carbon (BC), over East Asia. The seasonal variation of the climatic response to the second indirect effect was also characterized. The simulation period for this study was 2006. Due to a decrease in autoconversion rate from cloud water to rain as a result of aerosols, the cloud liquid water path (LWP), and radiative flux (RF) at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) changed dramatically, increasing by 14.3 g m-2 and decreasing by −4.1 W m-2 in terms of domain and annual average. Both LWP and RF changed most in autumn. There were strong decreases in ground temperature in Southwest China, the middle reaches of the Yangtze River in spring and autumn, while maximum cooling of up to −1.5 K occurred in the Chongqing district. The regional and annual mean change in ground temperature reached −0.2 K over eastern China. In all seasons except summer, precipitation generally decreased in most areas north of the Yangtze River, whereas precipitation changed little in South China. Precipitation changed most in summer, with alternating bands of increasing (˜40 mm) and decreasing (˜40 mm) precipitation appearing in eastern China. Precipitation decreased by 1.5–40 mm over large areas of Northeast China and the Huabei Plain. The domain and annual mean change in precipitation was approximately −0.3 mm over eastern China. The maximum reduction in precipitation occurred in summer, with mean absolute and relative changes of −1.2 mm and −3.8% over eastern China. This study revealed considerable climate responses to the second indirect effect of aerosols over specific regions of China.
Anomaly Detection of Service Function Chain Based on Distributed Knowledge Distillation Framework in Cloud–Edge Industrial Internet of Things Scenarios

Due to the increasingly complex and dynamic network topology, as well as multiple layers in the cloud–edge–end collaboration scenarios in the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), service function chains (SFCs) generated from user requests are more prone to anomalies compared to traditional hardware solutions. In order to timely detect anomalies in the SFC and ensure service quality, we propose a time-series anomaly detection model based on a distributed knowledge distillation framework (DTS-KD) in this article. First, to detect each status of virtual network function (VNF) in the SFC, we propose a distributed teacher–student knowledge distillation architecture to perform anomaly detection on each link containing different VNFs. Second, to address the problem of neglecting spatial topology information of feature nodes in traditional SFC anomaly detection schemes, we propose a feature fusion-based spatial–temporal dilated convolution module encoding scheme, which utilizes spatial convolution with dilated convolution to jointly encode and capture spatial–temporal dependencies. Finally, during the knowledge transfer process between the teacher and student networks, we propose a progressive knowledge distillation algorithm, which automatically adjusts the student network learning stages by adjusting task attention weights. After training, the student network measures the presence of anomalies in the links at each moment through the reconstruction data anomaly scores, thereby completing the SFC anomaly detection at that moment. The effectiveness of this proposed method under model compression conditions is validated on the ITU AI/ML in 5G data set using four performance metrics: 1) F1 score; 2) accuracy; 3) precision; and 4) recall.
Investigation of Soil and Vegetation Characteristics in Discontinuous Permafrost Landscapes Near Fairbanks, Alaska

Abstract : Alaska contains large areas of discontinuous permafrost, yet few studies examine the impact of microtopography on ground conditions and permafrost stability. This report uses vegetation and soil measurements to identify statistically significant differences to potentially classify permafrost ground-state conditions. The study identified significant relationships between soil parameters and vegetative community structure, including thicker peat layers in high microtopographic positions, greater active-layer thaw depths in high microtopographic positions, increased redox potentials in elevated microtopographic positions, and decreased soil moisture in higher topographic locations. Additionally, soil carbon and nitrogen concentrations increased in low microtopographic positions. These results suggest that soil and vegetation conditions may provide useful proxy measures in identifying permafrost and ground-ice features when incorporated into an integrated approach that combines belowground geophysics with aboveground remotely sensed terrain characteristics. Additional research is needed to combine soil and vegetation characteristics with suborbital and satellite-based remotely sensed measurements, such as airborne LiDAR, spectral reflectance, and high-resolution ground-level subsidence measurements.
Development and validation of numerical habitat models for juveniles of Atlantic salmon

We evaluated the ability of numerical habitat models (NHM) to predict the distribution of juveniles of Atlan - tic salmon (Salmo salar) in a river. NHMs comprise a hydrodynamic model (to predict water depth and current speed for any given flow) and a biological model (to predict habitat quality for fish using water depth, current speed, and substrate composition). We implemented NHMs with a biological model based on (i) preference curves defined by the ratio of the use to the availability of physical conditions and ( ii) a multivariate logistic regression that distinguished be - tween the physical conditions used and avoided by fish. Preference curves provided a habitat suitability index (HSI) ranging from 0 to 1, and the logistic regression produced a habitat probabilistic index (HPI) representing the probabil - ity of observing a parr under given physical conditions. Pearson's correlation coefficients between HSI and local densi - ties of parr ranged from 0.39 to 0.63 depending on flow. Corresponding values for HPI ranged from 0.81 to 0.98. We concluded that HPI may be a more powerful biological model than HSI for predicting local variations in fish density, forecasting fish distribution patterns, and performing summer habitat modelling for Atlantic salmon juveniles. Resume : Nous avons evalue la capacite de deux modeles numeriques d'habitat (MNH) a predire la distribution spa- tiale des juveniles de saumon atlantique (Salmo salar) en riviere. Les MNH comprennent un modele hydrodynamique (pour predire la vitesse moyenne et la profondeur de la colonne d'eau) et un modele biologique (pour predire la qualite d'habitat piscicole selon la profondeur, la vitesse moyenne et la composition du substrat). Nous avons utilise les MNH avec un modele biologique base sur (i) des courbes de preferences definies par le rapport entre l'utilisation et la dispo- nibilite de conditions physiques et (ii) une regression logistique multiple permettant de differencier les conditions phy- siques utilisees de celles evitees par les tacons. Les courbes de preferences ont fourni un indice de qualite d'habitat (IQH) variant entre 0 et 1 et la regression logistique a donne un indice probabiliste de qualite d'habitat (IPH) represen- tant la probabilite d'observer des tacons sous des conditions physiques specifiques. Les coefficients de correlation de Pearson entre IQH et les densites locales de tacons ont varie entre 0,39 et 0,63 selon le debit. Les valeurs correspon- dantes en utilisant IPH ont varie entre 0,81 et 0,98. Nous avons conclu que l'IPH peut etre un modele biologique plus performant que l'IQH pour predire les variations locales de la densite des poissons, pour predire les patrons de distri - bution des poissons et pour modeliser l'habitat estival des juveniles du saumon atlantique.