Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization of antipsychotic utilization before clozapine initiation for individuals with schizophrenia: an innovative visualization of trajectories using French National Health Insurance data

Abstract Aims Despite recommendations to initiate clozapine after two unsuccessful trials of antipsychotics, clozapine is underprescribed and initiated too late. The aim of this study was to describe different antipsychotic treatment sequences in the 36 months before the initiation of clozapine and to characterize clusters of treatment trajectories. Methods Using the French National Health Insurance database, a historical cohort study of the population in an area in western France was performed. The data from all new users of clozapine with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder in the period of 2017–2018 were evaluated. All outpatient reimbursements for antipsychotics during the 36 months before clozapine initiation were analysed. Successive reimbursements for identical treatments were grouped into treatment trials (TTs), and different trajectories were clustered using a state sequence analysis. Results The results showed 1191 TTs for 287 individuals. The mean number of TTs per individual was 3.2. Risperidone, aripiprazole and haloperidol were the main treatments delivered. The frequencies of antipsychotics used differed between monotherapies and combination therapies. A three-cluster typology was identified: one cluster (n = 133) of ‘less treated’ younger individuals with fewer TTs and shorter TT durations; a second cluster (n = 53) of ‘more treated’ individuals with higher numbers of TTs and combinations of antipsychotics; and a third cluster (n = 103) of ‘treatment-stable’ older individuals with longer TT durations. Conclusions The results indicate that the median number of TTs during the 36 months before clozapine prescription was higher than the two recommended. The different trajectories were associated with individual characteristics and treatment differences, suggesting that additional studies of clinical parameters are needed to understand barriers to clozapine prescription.
Ontology Mapping Using Fuzzy Conceptual Graphs and Rules.

This paper presents a new ontology mapping method between a source ontology and a target one considered as a reference. Both ontologies are composed of triplets of the form (object, characteristic, value). Values describing the objects of the reference ontology are hierarchically organized using the a kind of relation. The proposed method considers the ontology mapping problem as a rule application problem in the Conceptual Graph model. First, a vocabulary common to both ontologies is defined using mapping between values and characteristics. Each value of the source ontology is associated with a fuzzy set of values of the reference ontology. Then, the source ontology is translated into a fuzzy conceptual graph base and the reference ontology into a conceptual graph rule base. Finally, rules are applied into the fact base in order to find correspondences between objects of both ontologies. This method is implemented and applied to the mapping of ontologies in risk assessment in food products, and experimental results are presented.
Brain Impairment revealed by Multi-Modality MRI in Parkinson’s Disease

Objective: To study the abnormal brain regions of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) using multimodality MRI to provide complementary information for early detection for PD. Methods: 27 patients with early PD and 25 normal ageing volunteers were included in the study. Multimodality MRI data were acquired and processed to extract neuroimaging features to test the structural and functional changes using a two-sample t-test. Results: The changes of brain regions were disagreed for different modality MRI data between PD and normal ageing individuals. Nevertheless ， the postcentral gyrus, precentral gyrus, lingual gyrus and paracentral lobule were significantly different for all three modalities. Conclusion: Multimodality MRI data can reflect the structural and functional changes of PD, and reveal the hidden information which is of great significance to assist early detection for PD. superior temporal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, middle occipital gyrus, postcentral gyrus, precentral gyrus, middle frontal gyrus and dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus. Functional connectivity analysis demonstrated that there are differences in clustering efficiency in precentral gyrus, lingual gyrus, suboccipital gyrus, fusiform gyrus, postcentral gyrus, paracentral lobule, superior temporal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus and inferior temporal gyrus between PD and normal ageing. right fusiform gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus. It also reported that the density of gray matter in the right amygdala was negatively correlated with autonomic nervous dysfunction and positively correlated with cognitive ability. In this study, we also reported that in addition to the brain areas of cortical atrophy, which was in line with the previous studies, there was also some brain areas demonstrated increased gray matter volume. It may be due to the necrosis of massive neurons, which result in impaired information transmission in the limbic system, and compensatory reinforcement of gray matter in other brain regions. studied the brain structural and functional changes for PD using multi-modality MRI. The results showed the inconsistency between structural and functional changes, which may be related to metabolic changes earlier than morphological changes in the development of PD. Therefore, it is of great significance to seek neuroimaging biomarkers to provide valuable tools for the early diagnosis for PD.
In Lovin’ Color

This short piece shares a work-in-progress painting by a four year old within the context of Attachment Theory. Author/Artist Bio Blendine Hawkins is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in private practice and a lecturer at Chaminade University of Honolulu. She received her Master’s in Marriage and Family Therapy at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, and her Ph.D. in Family Social Science at the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities. She completed her preand post-doctoral fellowship at the Couples and Family Therapy program at the University of Oregon. Her research interests are with transnational and families of color, intercultural couple dynamics, attachment and peaceful parent-child relationships, and utilizing intersectionality theory and attending to marginalized identities in client care.
The virtual brain endocast of Trogosus (Mammalia, Tillodontia) and its relevance in understanding the extinction of archaic placental mammals

After successfully diversifying during the Paleocene, the descendants of the first wave of mammals that survived the end‐Cretaceous mass extinction waned throughout the Eocene. Competition with modern crown clades and intense climate fluctuations may have been part of the factors leading to the extinction of these archaic groups. Why these taxa went extinct has rarely been studied from the perspective of the nervous system. Here, we describe the first virtual endocasts for the archaic order Tillodontia. Three species from the middle Eocene of North America were analyzed: Trogosus hillsii, Trogosus grangeri, and Trogosus castoridens. We made morphological comparisons with the plaster endocast of another tillodont, Tillodon fodiens, as well as groups potentially related to Tillodontia: Pantodonta, Arctocyonidae, and Cimolesta. Trogosus shows very little inter‐specific variation with the only potential difference being related to the fusion of the optic canal and sphenorbital fissure. Many ancestral features are displayed by Trogosus, including an exposed midbrain, small neocortex, orbitotemporal canal ventral to rhinal fissure, and a broad circular fissure. Potential characteristics that could unite Tillodontia with Pantodonta, and Arctocyonidae are the posterior position of cranial nerve V3 exit in relation to the cerebrum and the low degree of development of the subarcuate fossa. The presence of large olfactory bulbs and a relatively small neocortex are consistent with a terrestrial lifestyle. A relatively small neocortex may have put Trogosus at risk when competing with artiodactyls for potentially similar resources and avoiding predation from archaic carnivorans, both of which are known to have had larger relative brain and neocortex sizes in the Eocene. These factors may have possibly exacerbated the extinction of Tillodontia, which showed highly specialized morphologies despite the increase in climate fluctuations throughout the Eocene, before disappearing during the middle Eocene.
Short- and Long-Term Weight Loss Among Women Is Unrelated to Completed Exercise Within an Obesity Intervention Focused on Self-Regulation

Introduction The aim of this study was to evaluate 1) if completed exercise amounts were associated with short- and long-term weight loss within a cognitive behavioral intervention and 2) if changes in theory-based psychosocial factors significantly explained weight change. Methods A total of 110 women with obesity participated in a yearlong treatment focused on self-regulation and were grouped based on their amount of completed exercise and assessed on changes in weight, self-regulation, and self-efficacy. Results There were significant overall improvements in all study measures from baseline–month 6 and baseline–month 12. Overall weight loss means (–5.8 and –5.3 kg, respectively) did not significantly differ across groups averaging the equivalent of < 2.5; 2.6–4.5; 4.6–7.0; and > 7.0 moderate-intensity exercise sessions per week. Similarly, psychosocial improvements did not significantly differ by exercise amount grouping. Increase in exercise self-regulation significantly predicted eating self-regulation gains over both 6 and 12 months. Over the same time periods, the significant prediction of weight loss by eating self-regulation increase was mediated by change in eating self-efficacy. Conclusion Results suggest attainment of government-recommended amounts of exercise are not associated with significantly greater weight loss than lower amounts of exercise within an intervention focused on self-regulation. Associations of exercise with psychosocial correlates of weight loss should be a treatment consideration.
Spatial Transcriptomics of Aging Rat Ovaries Reveals Unexplored Cell Subpopulations with Reduced Antioxidative Defense

Introduction: Ovarian aging is characterized by a gradual decline in quantity and quality of oocytes and lower chance of fertility. Better understanding the genetic modulation during ovarian aging can further address available treatment options for aging-related ovarian diseases and fertility preservation. Methods: A novel technique spatial transcriptomics (ST) was used to investigate the spatial transcriptome features of rat ovaries. Transcriptomes from ST spots in the young and aged ovaries were clustered using differentially expressed genes. These data were analyzed to determine the spatial organization of age-induced heterogeneity and potential mechanisms underlying ovarian aging. Results: In this study, ST technology was applied to profile the comprehensive spatial imaging in young and aged rat ovary. Fifteen ovarian cell clusters with distinct gene-expression signatures were identified. The gene expression dynamics of granulosa cell clusters revealed three sub-types with sequential developmental stages. Aged ovary showed a significant decrease in the number of granulosa cells from the antral follicle. Besides, a remarkable rearrangement of interstitial gland cells was detected in aging ovary. Further analysis of aging-associated transcriptional changes revealed that the disturbance of oxidative pathway was a crucial factor in ovarian aging. Conclusions: This study firstly described an aging-related spatial transcriptome changes in ovary and identified the potential targets for prevention of ovarian aging. These data may provide the basis for further investigations of the diagnosis and treatment of aging-related ovarian disorders.
The Cultural Economy of Cities: Essays on the Geography of Image-Producing Industries

PART ONE: PROPAEDEUTICA Introduction to the Cultural Economy of Cities The Mainsprings of Urban Economic Performance The Creative Field and the Logic of Innovation in Image-Producing Complexes PART TWO: TWO CRAFT INDUSTRIES: COLLECTIVE ORDER AND REGIONAL DESTINY The Gem and Jewellry Industry in Los Angeles and Bangkok The Household Furniture Industry of Los Angeles Decline and Regeneration PART THREE: CINEMA, MUSIC, AND MULTIMEDIA French Cinema I Structure, Economic Performance and Social Regulation French Cinema II Place, Cultural Geography and Competitive Advantages The Recorded Music Industry in the United States The Multimedia Industry From Silicon Valley to Hollywood Multimedia and Digital Visual Effects Workers in Southern California PART FOUR: LOS ANGELES AND PARIS Los Angeles The Image as Commodity Paris Tradition and Change PART FIVE: CODA Towards a Political Economy of the Cultural Commodity
Pilotstudie pferdegestützte Therapie bei Morbus Parkinson

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Die S3-Leitlinie Idiopathisches Parkinson-Syndrom (IPS) empfiehlt Bewegungstherapie als integralen Bestandteil der Behandlung. Basierend auf vorliegenden Arbeiten zur Wirksamkeit pferdegestützter (Bewegungs-)Therapie bei anderen neurologischen Erkrankungen sowie Einzelfallberichten wurde die Hypothese aufgestellt, dass auch bei IPS eine entsprechende Behandlung erfolgversprechend sein müsste. Kontrollierte Studien zu dieser Fragestellung liegen nicht vor. Es ist unklar, ob durch eine pferdegestützte Bewegungstherapie die Symptomatik von Patienten und Patientinnen mit IPS verbessert werden kann und welche der gängigen Tests zur Evaluierung der Effekte geeignet sind. Methodik Im Rahmen einer kontrollierten, prospektiven und randomisierten Multicenter-Studie wurden 20 Patienten und Patientinnen in 2 Gruppen à 10 Patienten und Patientinnen in die Studie inkludiert. Die Interventionsgruppe erhielt add-on insgesamt 12 pferdegestützte Therapieeinheiten mit einer Frequenz von 2 Mal/Woche; in beiden Gruppen wurde die weitere Behandlung wie vor Studienbeginn beibehalten. Der neurologische Status wurde vor der ersten und nach der letzten Therapieeinheit bei allen Probanden und Probandinnen erhoben. Ergebnisse In der Interventionsgruppe fand sich trotz der geringen Patienten- und Patientinnenzahl eine hochsignifikante Verbesserung im MDS-UPDRS (Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale der Movement Disorder Society) Teil 3, bei der Gangbildtestung und der Beurteilung der posturalen Stabilität. Weitere untersuchte Parameter zeigten durchweg positive Trends, eine Verschlechterung konnte in keinem Fall beobachtet werden. Diskussion In der Pilotstudie konnten deutliche Hinweise auf eine sehr hohe Effektivität einer pferdegestützten Bewegungstherapie bei Patienten und Patientinnen mit IPS dokumentiert werden. Durch die vorliegende Studie konnten grundlegende Erkenntnisse zum Setting einer mit 100 Patienten und Patientinnen geplanten Hauptstudie gewonnen werden.
The Use of Cover Crops to Manage Soil

Cover crops are used to manage soils for many different reasons and are known by many different names. Cover crops are literally “crops that cover the soil” and one of their first uses was to reduce soil erosion during fallow periods in annual cropping systems. Cover crops are also known as “green manures,” “catch crops,” or “living mulch. ” Green manure cover crops are usually legumes that fix N and are grown to provide N to the following cash crop. Catch crops are cover crops that are grown during fallow periods in cropping systems to take up nutrients, especially N, that would be lost if plants are not present. Lastly, living mulches are cover crops that are grown both during and after the cash crop growing season and are suppressed or managed to reduce their competition with the cash crop when it is growing. After the cash crop has matured and before it begins growing again, the living mulch is allowed to grow unhindered. One way to manage living mulches is to restrict them to the “fallow” spaces between crop rows. Orchards or vineyards are sometimes managed with living mulches, but it is also possible to incorporate living mulches into annual cropping systems. Thus, as can be seen from their many names and descriptions, cover crops can fulfill many soil management functions. In terms of soil management, the basic premise for using cover crops is to reduce fallow periods and spaces in cropping systems. Natural ecosystems typically have some plants growing, covering the soil, transpiring water, taking up nutrients, fixing carbon, and sup porting soil fauna for most of the time that the ground is not frozen. Agricultural cropping systems producing grain, oilseed, and fiber crops in temperate regions typically only have living plants for four to six months of the year and are fallow for the remaining six to eight months. Current planting and tilling practices often leave soil bare and exposed during fall, winter, and early spring. Some perennial cropping systems for nut or fruit crops (e.g., almonds and grapes) keep the spaces between rows fallow and tilled for extended periods. As a result of these fallow periods and fallow spaces in annual and perennial cropping systems, soil is left unprotected from erosive forces, nutrients and organic matter are lost or not replenished, runoff increases, soil fauna are stressed, and soil productivity diminishes. Thus, inserting cover crops into fallow periods or fallow spaces in cropping systems can accomplish multiple soil management goals. This discussion is not intended to be a comprehensive review and will focus on the general principles and evidence for using cover crops to manage soil erosion, runoff, soil nutrients, soil physical properties, soil water, soil organic carbon, soil chemical properties, and soil biology.
Tourism and modernity in China

List of Figures List of Tables Glossary Preface Introduction 1. Tourism and Modernity 2. Place and Process in the Tourist Political Economy 3. Colonizing a "barren and profitless" place 4. False Modern Triumphant: Tourism and Cultural Development in Guizhou 5. Reclaiming the Tourist Landscape 6. Conclusion Notes Bibliography
A note on the multivariate generalized asymmetric Laplace motion

Abstract In this note, we use multivariate subordination to introduce a multivariate extension of the generalized asymmetric Laplace motion. The class introduced provides a unified framework for several multivariate extensions of the popular variance gamma process. We also show that the associated time one distribution extends the multivariate generalized asymmetric Laplace distributions proposed in the statistical literature.
Relationships of age and sex with range of motion of seventeen joint actions in humans.

: This study investigated the relationship of age and sex with the range of motion of seventeen joint actions at eight joints. A sample of 190 male and female subjects ranging in age from 18 to 88 years were measured using a modified version of Leighton's (1942) procedures. The data were analyzed to obtain test-retest reliability, to determine significant differences in flexibility across age, and to assess sex differences in flexibility. The following conclusions were made: a general decline in flexibility of joints occurs with age; upper extremity joints do not readily reflect this decreased flexibility with age; the configuration of flexibility is specific to the joint action and; females have greater flexibility than males throughout life.
A Selection Hyper-heuristic based on Q-learning for School Bus Routing Problem

—School bus routing problem (SBRP) has been studied for decades. Many successful approaches based on heuristics or metaheuristics have been developed for various SBRP problems. However, developing an effective algorithm for SBRP is still a very challenging task. This paper developed a Q-learning-based selection hyper-heuristic to solve basic and open single-school SBRP problems, which both aim to minimize the total travel distance. The proposed algorithm took a Q-learning algorithm as the high-level strategy to select a low-level heuristic from a set of low-level heuristics, which are dependent on the problem domain. The selected low-level heuristic was regarded as an action and then executed to improve the current solution. In each stage of the optimization process, the best action with the best cumulative rewards will be chosen to get better results. The presented algorithm was implemented and some experiments were carried out on some Capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP) instances and SBRP benchmark instances. Experiment results on two types of instances demonstrate that our proposed hyper-heuristic algorithm is more competition than existing approaches.
When more does not necessarily mean better : Health-related illfare comparisons with non-monotone welfare relationships

Most welfare studies are based on the assumption that wellbeing is monotonically related to the variables used for the analysis. While this assumption can be regarded as reasonable for many dimensions of wellbeing like income, education, or empowerment, there are some cases where it is definitively not relevant, in particular with respect to health. For instance, health status is often proxied using the Body Mass Index (BMI). Low BMI values can capture undernutrition or the incidence of severe illness, yet a high BMI is neither desirable as it indicates obesity. Illfare estimattions derived from usual poverty measures are then not appropriate. This paper proposes poverty indices that are consistent with some situations of non-monotonic wellbeing relationships and examines the partial orderings of different distributions derived from various classes of poverty indices. An illustration is provided for health-related illfare as proxied by the BMI using DHS data for Bangladesh during the period 1997–2007. It is shown that the gains of the decline of undernutrition are undermined by the rapid increase of obesity.
The Impact of Administrative Empowerment on Creativity Improvement among the Workers of Jordanian Public Administration Institute

The study aimed to recognize the impact of the administrative empowerment on creativity improvement within the public administration institute. The study population was constituted of all the institute workers with total count of 96; 90 questionnaire forms were distributed, and 82 valid forms of them were retrieved back, with retrieval ration of 91%. The study has found that there is an impact with statistical significance at level (α≤0.05) of the empowerment dimensions (authority delegation, employee training, effective communication, and employee stimulation) on creativity improvement among the workers of the Jordanian institute of public administration. It has also found that there are no variances with statistical significance at sig. level (α≤0.05) between the workers' tendencies toward creativity improvement, which can be attributed to the functional variables (service term and job title). The study has recommended applying modern administrational concepts such as participation enabling principle, workgroups and teamwork forming and administrational decision-making , also preparing work environment in a way that would support empowerment through adopting cooperation and coordination between administrations , divisions , groups and individuals , and working on enabling decentralization , power delegation and subordinates' participation in decision making , and finally working on putting an effective system of financial and incorporeal incentives for the employees.