Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anti‑osteoclastogenic effect of fermented mealworm extract by inhibiting RANKL‑induced NFATc1 action

Augmented osteoclast activity and differentiation can lead to destructive bone diseases, such as arthritis and osteoporosis. Therefore, modulating osteoclastogenesis and differentiation may serve to be a possible strategy for treating such diseases. Tenebrio molitor larvae, also known as mealworms, are considered a good source of protein with nutritional value, digestibility, flavor and functional properties, such as antioxidant, anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effects. However, the role of mealworms in osteoclastogenesis remains poorly understood. The present study therefore investigated the effects of fermented mealworm extract (FME) on receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) whilst also attempting to understand the underlying mechanism, if any. The cells treated with RANKL were used as the negative control. To prepare FME, defatted mealworm powder was fermented with a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain, and then extracted with fermented alcohol. Cell viability of BMMs isolated from 5-week-old Institute of Cancer Research mice was measured using Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Subsequently, the effects of FME on osteoclast differentiation were measured using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. In addition, expression of markers associated with osteoclast differentiation was assessed by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Expression of nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) was assessed by western blotting. TRAP staining revealed that FME inhibited osteoclast differentiation in a dose-dependent manner (10-100 µg/ml) without causing cytotoxicity. Specifically, the formation of osteoclasts appear to have been suppressed by FME as indicated by the reduction in the number of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells observed. Furthermore, FME treatment significantly decreased the mRNA expression of c-Fos, whilst also significantly decreasing the expression of NFATc1 on both protein and mRNA levels. c-Fos and NFATc1 are transcription factors that can regulate osteoclast differentiation. FME treatment also reduced the expression of genes associated with osteoclast differentiation and function, including dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein, osteoclast associated Ig-like receptor, Cathepsin K and TRAP, compared with that in the control group. Subsequently, FME was found to effectively suppress RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation compared with that by the non-fermented mealworm extract. These findings suggest that FME may confer anti-osteoclastogenic effects, providing insights into its potential application in treatment of osteoporosis.
Adapting landscapes to climate change: examples

Summary 1. Climate change has been inducing range shifts for many species as they follow their suitable climate space and further shifts are projected. Whether species will be able to colonize regions where climate conditions become suitable, so-called 'new climate space', depends on species traits and habitat fragmentation. 2. By combining bioclimate envelope models with dispersal models, we identified areas where the spatial cohesion of the ecosystem pattern is expected to be insufficient to allow colonization of new climate space. 3. For each of three ecosystem types, three species were selected that showed a shift in suitable
Soy-Based Tempeh as a Functional Food: Evidence for Human Health and Future Perspective.

Tempeh is an Indonesian traditional food made from fermented soybeans, which offers wide culinary use in East Asian countries. Similar to all fermented foods, its preparation offers the purpose of food preservation. However, preclinical studies have highlighted that microbial action leads to a modification in the nutritional composition of the food's matrix. Although there is a wide availability of data on the beneficial effect of soy, tempeh remains relatively unexplored, perhaps due to its limited diffusion in the world, which limits its research availability. However, available data suggest that tempeh may confer beneficial health effects due to the high bioavailability of nutrients and phytochemicals, showing ameliorative action on oxidative stress, glycaemic control, and blood lipid levels. Furthermore, the high biological value of tempeh means it can be used to optimize protein and caloric intake in athletes, vegetarians, and children. Moreover, the microbial fermentation used in the production of tempeh, in addition to improving the bioavailability of minerals, proteins, fibre, vitamins, and isoflavones, produces biopeptides whose biological effect is currently of great interest. Tempeh can be employed in traditional preparations as well as second-generation foods, such as plant-based meat substitutes, to provide functional and nutritional properties and a higher eco-friendly option compared to animal foods. This review aims to provide an overview of tempeh's properties, regarding human data and future research perspectives.
A Novel Matrix-Free Finite Element Method for Time-Harmonic Maxwell’s Equations

A frequency-domain finite element method (FEM) with the low-storage matrix-free feature is proposed for efficient analysis of electromagnetic fields. As opposed to conventional frequency-domain FEM which requires the matrix assembly before solving, the proposed matrix-free algorithm avoids the assembly and storage of the global matrix. In this approach, the global sparse matrix-vector (SpMV) multiplication is decomposed into element-wise matrix-vector (MV) multiplications. Additionally, the sum factorization technique is applied on tensorial basis functions to reduce the complexities of local MV multiplications. The numerical results demonstrate the superiority of our algorithm over traditional FEM in terms of both memory and time consumption. Besides, the improvement is more profound when higher-order basis functions are considered. A speedup of more than 10 against matrix-assembled solvers is observed. Given that memory transfer is bounded more than computation resources in modern supercomputer architectures, our algorithm is more friendly to high-performance computing platforms.
I NNOVATION AND NETWORKS IN SME’S: A BIBLIOMETRIC STUDY

Innovation in interorganizational networks has achieved the status of a relevant subject matter in managerial studies. Research shows positive effects and major problems in cooperation to achieve innovations among small and medium enterprises (SMEs). There are 130 documents with the topics Innovation, Networks and SME’s since 1991, year of the first one. We aim to use biliometric approach in order to identify the authors, journals and the state-of-art of the themes as well as to map the main themes and empirical research. We held the research in three databases. Results indicates an emerging and prominent field of study and gaps in literature leading to future research.
Effect of Poultry Manure on Yield and Nutrient Composition of Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)

ABSTRACT Poultry manure is one of the best organic fertilizers available and is an extremely valuable resource, organic matter content, exchangeable cations, cation exchange capacity, and percent base saturation. Ocimum basilicum L. (sweet basil) is an essential oil producing crop used in culinary and fragrance applications. The objective of this present study was to evaluate the effects of organic poultry manure and conventional fertilization on plant growth, yield and inorganic matter content of sweet basil. In this context, the different doses of chicken and turkey manure (7.5, 10, 12.5, 15 t ha−1) with a control (no manure) and conventional fertilization were applied with sowing. The highest fresh and dry weights were obtained from the plants grown with turkey and chicken manure at a rate of 10–12.5 t ha−1. The most of the nutrient content varied significantly with organic poultry manure applications. Overall, basil plants fertilized with turkey manure at a rate of 10–12.5 t ha−1 and 7.5 t ha−1 chicken manure dose accumulated greater concentrations of potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg). The results from this study demonstrated that organic or conventional fertilizer can alter fresh or dry weight, and the nutrient content.
“Average” interdiffusion of (Fe,Mn)-Mg in natural diopside

(Fe,Mn)-Mg interdiffusion has been investigated in single crystals of natural diopside at ambient pressure, high temperatures (900°C to 1240°C) and low oxygen fugacity (pO 2 ≈ 10 −18 atm to 10 −13 atm). Interdiffusion couples were made with polycrystalline ferro-johannsenite thin film (∼ 250 A to ∼ 500 A) as the iron and manganese reservoir (Fe/(Fe + Mn + Mg) ∼ 48 at. %) and with diopside single crystals as the semi-infinite calcium- and magnesium-rich medium. The diopside specimens contain Fe as major impurity (Fe/(Fe + Mg) ≈ 6 at. %). Diffusion profiles of Fe and Mn ranging from ∼ 250 A to ∼ 3500 A were analysed by Rutherford back-scattering spectrometry (RBS). This technique is well adapted to measurements of concentration profiles of heavy elements in silicates, but it can not resolve the signals from elements with nearly same mass (Fe and Mn). Therefore Fe and Mn concentration profiles overlap, but the characteristic shapes of the convoluted diffusion profiles indicate that Fe and Mn diffuse at similar rates. This is also confirmed by secondary-ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), which allows one to obtain separately Fe and Mn concentration profiles. We obtained an “average” inter-diffusion coefficient characterised by an apparent activation energy of 406 kJ/mol and a pre-exponential factor of 0.955 cm 2 /s. Such a result is surprisingly low for a diffusion process involving Fe and Mg exchanges.
Identifying the oral microbiome of adolescents with and without dental fluorosis based on full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing

Dental fluorosis, resulting from long-term environmental exposure to fluoride, is prevalent among diverse populations worldwide. Severe fluorosis not only compromises the aesthetic appeal of teeth but also impairs their functionality. This study aims to investigate the oral microbiome in dental fluorosis and the health individuals of adolescents living in the endemic fluorosis area of Guizhou, China through full-length 16S rDNA sequencing. Fourty-six individuals meet the sampling criteria, and we divided these samples into the following groups: a healthy group (H = 23) and a dental fluorosis group (F = 23), and two subgroups of Miao ethnicity: a healthy Miao group (Hm = 13) and a dental fluorosis Miao group (Fm = 15). A total of 660,389 high-quality sequences were obtained, and 12,007 Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) were identified, revealing significant variations in oral microbiome between Fm and Hm groups. The composition of oral microbiota was similar between the H and F groups. At the genus level, Pseudopropionibacterium and at the species level, Streptococcus oralis_subsp. dentisani_clade_058 were less abundant in group F than in group H (P < 0.05). Further analysis revealed that the abundance of Capnocytophaga gingivalis and Kingella denitrificans was significantly lower in Fm fluorosis patients than in the Hm group (P < 0.05). Based on the LEfSe analysis, the potential core biomarkers in the oral of Fm fluorosis patients were identified at different taxonomic levels, ranging from phylum to species. These include Gammaproteobacteria, Prevotella sp_HMT_304, Gemella sanguinis, and Gracilibacteria_(GN02). Network analysis revealed that the microbiota in the fluorosis group exhibited more complex interactions with each other than the healthy group. Notably, within the Hm group, the potential biomarkers Capnocytophaga gingivalis and Kingella denitrificans exhibited a positive correlation. Finally, we employed PICRUSt2 analysis to explore the abundance clustering of the top 30 functional units in each sample, and we found that the metabolic pathway compositions of the four groups were similar. In summary, our findings suggest that the microbial composition of plaque in Hm patients with dental fluorosis is significantly altered, and we identified the potential marker microorganisms that contribute to these changes.
Correlation between Marketing Communication Tools and Business Performance Variables : Charles River Discovery Services Finland Case Study

Companies use marketing communication tools to communicate with the target audience. It is extremely important to use proper tools to improve the performance. In order to understand the effectiveness of certain marketing communication tool, it is useful to investigate the relationship between it and business performance variables. The case company has distinguished personal selling activities and participation in exhibitions as the most strategically important tools for company’s performance. The number of orders per month and the number of new clients were chosen as the core determinants for business performance in 2015. Thus this study is focused on analyzing the correlation between chosen marketing communication activities and business performance variables in 2015. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used to implement the research. The outcomes of research showed that the strongest correlation occurred between both of the chosen marketing communication activities and the monthly order numbers whereas the number of new clients was not affected by either of activities. It was also discovered that face-to-face meetings and participation in exhibitions were closely related to each other, and sometimes were used together. Moreover, they brought greatest results, when implemented together. These findings can be used by the case company to evaluate the impact of chosen marketing communication activities on company’s performance. In addition, this study can be used by further researchers to improve the investigation, taking into account the limitations and recommendations provided in this paper.
Bridgeless Star Power Factor Correction Architecture

Two-stage bridgeless power factor correction (PFC) architecture is widely used in high-power ac/dc applications. However, the bridgeless PFC front-end of the two-stage architecture often encounters challenges, such as high switching losses in continuous conduction mode (CCM) or high conduction and magnetic losses in critical conduction mode and other soft-switching modes. These challenges limit the overall system's efficiency and power density. This article presents a patent-pending semi-single-stage bridgeless Star PFC architecture. It allows simultaneous soft switching and CCM operation of the front-end bridgeless PFC rectifier, resulting in high-efficiency and high-density ac/dc system design. Simultaneous soft switching and CCM operation of the front-end bridgeless PFC rectifier is made possible by smartly “borrowing” the inductor/transformer current from the second-stage dc/dc back-end to create zero-voltage switching (ZVS) conditions for all switches in the PFC front-end. The architecture maintains the operation of the second-stage dc/dc back-end, and enjoys similar control simplicity to that in conventional two-stage PFC architecture. The merits of the proposed architecture are validated through a 240-W GaN-based laboratory prototype, achieving a full-load efficiency of 96.1%. Additionally, it boasts an impressive power density of 50 W/in3 uncased.
A 2000-Year-Old Bacillus stercoris Strain Sheds Light on the Evolution of Cyclic Antimicrobial Lipopeptide Synthesis

Some bacteria (notably the genera Bacillus and Clostridium) have the capacity to form endospores that can survive for millions of years in isolated habitats. The genomes of such ancient bacteria provide unique opportunities to understand bacterial evolution and metabolic capabilities over longer time scales. Herein, we sequenced the genome of a 2000-year-old bacterial strain (Mal05) isolated from intact apple seeds recovered during archaeological excavations of a Roman villa in Italy. Phylogenomic analyses revealed that this strain belongs to the species Bacillus stercoris and that it is placed in an early-branching position compared to most other strains of this species. Similar to other Bacillus species, B. stercoris Mal05 had been previously shown to possess antifungal activity. Its genome encodes all the genes necessary for the biosynthesis of fengycin and surfactin, two cyclic lipopeptides known to play a role in the competition of Bacilli with other microorganisms due to their antimicrobial activity. Comparative genomics and analyses of selective pressure demonstrate that these genes are present in all sequenced B. stercoris strains, despite the fact that they are not under strong purifying selection. Hence, these genes may not be essential for the fitness of these bacteria, but they can still provide a competitive advantage against other microorganisms present in the same environment.
Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Molecules Involved in Its Imunopathogenesis, Clinical Features, and Treatment

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an idiopathic chronic autoimmune disease that can affect any organ in the body, including the neurological system. Multiple factors, such as environmental (infections), genetic (many HLA alleles including DR2 and DR3, and genes including C4), and immunological influences on self-antigens, such as nuclear antigens, lead to the formation of multiple autoantibodies that cause deleterious damage to bodily tissues and organs. The production of autoantibodies, such as anti-dsDNA, anti-SS(A), anti-SS(B), anti-Smith, and anti-neuronal DNA are characteristic features of this disease. This autoimmune disease results from a failure of the mechanisms responsible for maintaining self-tolerance in T cells, B cells, or both. Immune complexes, circulating antibodies, cytokines, and autoreactive T lymphocytes are responsible for tissue injury in this autoimmune disease. The diagnosis of SLE is a rheumatological challenge despite the availability of clinical criteria. NPSLE was previously referred to as lupus cerebritis or lupus sclerosis. However, these terms are no longer recommended because there is no definitive pathological cause for the neuropsychiatric manifestations of SLE. Currently, the treatment options are primarily based on symptomatic presentations. These include the use of antipsychotics, antidepressants, and anxiolytic medications for the treatment of psychiatric and mood disorders. Antiepileptic drugs to treat seizures, and immunosuppressants (e.g., corticosteroids, azathioprine, and mycophenolate mofetil), are directed against inflammatory responses along with non-pharmacological interventions.
Mono‐Model Parameter Joint Inversion by Gramian Constraints: EM Methods Examples

Joint inversions of coincident geophysical data are usually constrained to produce more reliable subsurface models. Structural, petrophysical, model parameter correlation, empirical, and transforms are some of the published constraints. The Gramian constraint provides a broad mathematical framework for implementing the aforementioned constraints. The Gramian constraint is formed from the determinant of the inner products of the model parameters involved. Previous works have used the Gramian constraint to invert multimodal parameters of different geophysical methods. But there has not been any extension of Gramian‐constrained joint inversion to mono‐model parameter from similar geophysical methods, for example, a similar conductivity or resistivity model from time‐ and frequency‐domain airborne electromagnetic methods. I implement the Gramian‐constrained joint inversion of time‐ and frequency‐domain airborne EM (AEM) data. This implementation allows the Gramian constraint to enhance the linear correlation of the model parameter between the two methods as the number of iterations increases. Improvement of the final joint inversion results over the standalone models is noticeable for both 3% noise‐contaminated synthetic and field data experiments. The field data jointly inverted are the high moment time‐domain SkyTEM data and frequency‐domain RESOLVE helicopter EM data acquired over the salinized Bookpurnong Irrigation District in South Australia in 2006 and 2008, respectively.
Multi-Stream Single Network: Efficient Compressed Video Action Recognition With a Single Multi-Input Multi-Output Network

Compressed video action recognition classifies actions using multiple features stored in compressed videos to omit the decoding process for RGB frames and shorten the computation time. Previous methods mostly used multiple networks to process compressed video features and explored the use of lightweight networks without affecting accuracy to reduce the computational complexity further. We have focused on another approach that uses only one network to reduce computational complexity. Our previous study proposed the MussNet model, which consists of independent subnetworks within a single network instead of multiple networks. The subnetworks classify compressed video features independently with a feedforwarding step of a single network and achieved competitive accuracy against previous studies with lower computational complexity. The remaining issue of the MussNet model is how to fuse the independently processed compressed video features. The current MussNet model makes independent predictions from each input and only averages them to fuse the inputs. However, recent studies have shown that intermediate fusion, which fuses features inside the networks, improves accuracy. This study proposes the EFS module that extends the MussNet model into intermediate fusion by disentangling and aggregating the features of the same videos in the hidden vectors while keeping the individual subnetworks. Our experiments show that the EFS module improves the MussNet model’s accuracy by 0.4 points for UCF-101 and 1.0 points for HMDB-51, while the additional GFLOPs are only 1% of the MussNet model. These accuracy scores are also competitive against previous studies while keeping one of the lowest computational complexity.
Proanthocyanidins-Based Synbiotics as a Novel Strategy for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Risk Reduction

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common liver disease worldwide, is a spectrum of liver abnormalities ranging from steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) characterized by excessive lipid accumulation. The prevalence of NAFLD is predicted to increase rapidly, demanding novel approaches to reduce the global NAFLD burden. Flavonoids, the most abundant dietary polyphenols, can reduce the risk of NAFLD. The majority of dietary flavonoids are proanthocyanidins (PACs), which are oligomers and polymers of the flavonoid sub-group flavan-3-ols. The efficacy of PAC in reducing the NAFLD risk can be significantly hindered by low bioavailability. The development of synbiotics by combining PAC with probiotics may increase effectiveness against NAFLD by biotransforming PAC into bioavailable metabolites. PAC and probiotic bacteria are capable of mitigating steatosis primarily through suppressing de novo lipogenesis and promoting fatty acid β-oxidation. PAC and probiotic bacteria can reduce the progression of steatosis to NASH mainly through ameliorating hepatic damage and inflammation induced by hepatic oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Synbiotics of PAC are superior in reducing the risk of NAFLD compared to independent administration of PAC and probiotics. The development of PAC-based synbiotics can be a novel strategy to mitigate the increasing incidence of NAFLD.