Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Minority Influence is Facilitated When the Communication Employs Linguistic

concrete manipulation There were seven arguments presented. The arguments in the abstract language condition were phrased using relatively abstract structures. For example, one argument concerned the comparative employability of students from universities that have a comprehensive examination requirement and those who do not. In the concrete version the phrasing was: ‘Students from these universities are recruited (DAV) more by employers’, whereas in the abstract condition, the phrasing was, ‘Students from these universities are preferred (SV) more by employers’. Thus, there was an effort to keep the content of the abstract and concrete arguments equivalent. The concrete version used DAVs and IAVs exclusively; the abstract version used only SVs and ADJs. The content of the arguments was guided by previous work using the comprehensive examination issue (Petty & Cacioppo, 1986). The arguments were pretested on a group of 40 students from the same population as the study participants. Pretest participants were asked to list thoughts generated by the arguments. Arguments for which thoughts were predominantly positive were kept. The language used to manipulate the abstractness variable was chosen by the experimenters and then coded using Semin & Fiedler’s (1988, 1991) linguistic category model by two coders familiar with the system. Intercoder reliability was . 90. Measures After reading the communication, participants again indicated their agreement with the item, ‘The [Name of University] should institute a required comprehensive examination’. Responses were made on an 11-point scale, anchored by ‘strongly disagree’ and ‘strongly agree’. This item measured direct influence. The next four items assessed indirect influence. Responses were made on 11-point scales, labeled as indicated below. These questions comprised items that asked whether the university’s performance standards should be lowered (1) or raised (11), whether requirements for receiving a degree should be lowered or raised (on the same scale), the extent of their agreement (1 = strongly disagree; 11 = strongly agree) with statements advocating that it is too easy to get high grades at the university and that students found guilty of academic dishonesty should be expelled. These items were chosen as indirect measures of influence because they address whether the university should make increased demands on students, as does the comprehensive examination issue. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 9(3)
Graph Sets Method (GSM) for Multi-Coil Wireless Power Transfer Systems, Part I: Principles

A new approach to derive the equations of MultiCoil Wireless Power Transfer (MCWPT) systems and to simplify and analyze them is proposed in this paper. By parametrically solving the equations governing MCWPT systems and mapping the resultant transfer functions into Graph Sets (GSs), a set of rules is developed to form the transfer function amongst the voltages across and currents through the coils. Using these rules, some important aspects, such as effective paths for the power to flow, the effect of active coils on each other and on passive coils, dynamic behavior of the system, and reflected impedances can be comprehensively analyzed. This can be done by following GS rules and without complex mathematical calculations. GS Method (GSM) also provides an effective tool to design compensators and power electronic converters driving MCWPT systems and to estimate the receiver (pickup) parameters. Moreover, simplifying the behavior of the coils into three basic types of Current Driven (CD), Voltage Driven (VD), and PaSsive (PS) coils, helps to reduce the complexity of the model and to have a better understanding of the system. This simplification can be further expanded by removing ineffective couplings between the coils. This work is presented in two parts. In Part I, GSM is explained and its different analytical steps are established, and Part II is dedicated to show the effectiveness and validity of this approach by numerically modeling and experimentally evaluating a threecoil MCWPT system.
Estimation of neural network model parameters from local field potentials (LFPs)

Most modeling in systems neuroscience has been descriptive where neural representations, that is, ‘receptive fields’, have been found by statistically correlating neural activity to sensory input. In the traditional physics approach to modelling, hypotheses are represented by mechanistic models based on the underlying building blocks of the system, and candidate models are validated by comparing with experiments. Until now validation of mechanistic cortical network models has been based on comparison with neuronal spikes, found from the high-frequency part of extracellular electrical potentials. In this computational study we investigated to what extent the low-frequency part of the signal, the local field potential (LFP), can be used to infer properties of the neuronal network. In particular, we asked the question whether the LFP can be used to accurately estimate synaptic connection weights in the underlying network. We considered the thoroughly analysed Brunel network comprising an excitatory and an inhibitory population of recurrently connected integrate-and-fire (LIF) neurons. This model exhibits a high diversity of spiking network dynamics depending on the values of only three synaptic weight parameters. The LFP generated by the network was computed using a hybrid scheme where spikes computed from the point-neuron network were replayed on biophysically detailed multicompartmental neurons. We assessed how accurately the three model parameters could be estimated from power spectra of stationary ‘background’ LFP signals by application of convolutional neural nets (CNNs). All network parameters could be very accurately estimated, suggesting that LFPs indeed can be used for network model validation. Significance statement Most of what we have learned about brain networks in vivo have come from the measurement of spikes (action potentials) recorded by extracellular electrodes. The low-frequency part of these signals, the local field potential (LFP), contains unique information about how dendrites in neuronal populations integrate synaptic inputs, but has so far played a lesser role. To investigate whether the LFP can be used to validate network models, we computed LFP signals for a recurrent network model (the Brunel network) for which the ground-truth parameters are known. By application of convolutional neural nets (CNNs) we found that the synaptic weights indeed could be accurately estimated from ‘background’ LFP signals, suggesting a future key role for LFP in development of network models.
A genome-wide association analysis of temozolomide response using lymphoblastoid cell lines reveals a clinically relevant association with MGMT

Recently, lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) have emerged as an innovative model system for mapping gene variants that predict dose response to chemotherapy drugs. In the current study, this strategy was expanded to the in vitro genome-wide association approach, using 516 LCLs derived from a Caucasian cohort to assess cytotoxic response to temozolomide. Genome-wide association analysis using approximately 2.1 million quality controlled single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified a statistically significant association (p < 10 −8 ) with SNPs in the O 6 methylguanine–DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene. We also demonstrate that the primary SNP in this region is significantly associated with differential gene expression of MGMT (p< 10 −26 ) in LCLs, and differential methylation in glioblastoma samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The previously documented clinical and functional relationships between MGMT and temozolomide response highlight the potential of well-powered GWAS of the LCL model system to identify meaningful genetic associations.
Separation and Puri ﬁ cation Technology

The production of recombinant biopharmaceuticals is highly dependent of a proper choice of the downstream processing stages. Particularly, the puri ﬁ cation that must ensure that all the endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides - LPS) are e ﬃ ciently removed from the ﬁ nal product. The e ﬃ cient removal of LPS has a direct impact on the manufacturing of therapeutic biopharmaceuticals, since LPS is naturally presented in Gram-negative bacterial expression systems. In order to provide a more simple and faster technique for the puri ﬁ cation of green ﬂ uor-escent protein (GFP) and LPS removal, aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) composed of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and poly(acrylic acid) (NaPA) and electrolytes were studied. Firstly, the binodal curves of PEG/ NaPA+salt systems were established using NaCl, Li 2 SO 4 , KI, and KNO 3 as additives. It was demonstrated that the formation of ATPS is enhanced following the anion tendency: SO 42 − > Cl − ≫ NO 3 − > I − . The stability of GFP in the presence of all di ﬀ erent phase forming agents (polymers and salts) was evaluated, and the high biocompatibility of these ATPS demonstrated by the maintenance of GFP ﬂ uorescence in all conditions under study. Then, the GFP extraction and LPS removal aptitude of each ATPS was investigated. GFP and LPS were preferentially partitioned into the top (PEG-rich) phase ( K GFP > 20), but with a removal of 35% of LPS was attained. Hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions were found to be the major driving forces for GFP partitioning and LPS removal. Moreover, a new e ﬀ ect was found, the presence of high loads of LPS can a ﬀ ect (decrease) the K GFP values ( K GFP without LPS > K GFP with 10 4 EU/mL > K GFP with 10 6 EU/mL). The ATPS with best GFP extraction performance was selected for the recovery directly from the cell lysates of Escherichia coli. In this experiment, the system composed of 12wt% PEG 1000g/mol, 12wt% NaPA 8000g/mol, and 0.25M Li 2 SO 4 lead to a LPS removal ( REM LPS ) of 13%, K GFP of 20.2, and high selectivity relatively to the total proteins ( S =20), since the majority of contaminants proteins were preferentially partitioned into the bottom (NaPA-rich) phase (puri ﬁ cation factor of 4-fold). It is here demonstrated that the ATPS composed of PEG/NaPA+salts as additives can be used as a ﬁ rst step for the recovery of GFP and removal of contaminants (LPS in part, and most contaminant proteins) from cell lysates by applying a system with low polymer content and using mild conditions.
The Least Likely Act

When people predict the future behavior of a person, thinking of that target as an individual decreases the accuracy of their predictions. The present research examined one potential source of this bias, whether and why predictors overweight the atypical past behavior of individuals. The results suggest that predictors do indeed overweight the atypical past behavior of an individual. Atypical past behavior is more cognitively accessible than typical past behavior, which leads it to be overweighted in the impressions that serve as the basis for their predictions. Predictions for group members appear less susceptible to this bias, presumably because predictors are less likely to form a coherent impression of a group than an individual before making their predictions.
Impact de la formulation et du mélange de deux pesticides (mésotrione et tébuconazole) sur leur biodégradation et la croissance de microorganismes

Parmi les strategies visant a reduire l’utilisation de pesticides, l’augmentation de l’efficacite des matieres actives par du design de formulations ou par l’utilisation de cocktails de pesticides, epandus chacun a plus faible dosage, est une piste tres suivie. Cependant, l’influence de melanges de molecules sur le devenir, le comportement et la toxicite de chacune d’elle individuellement n’a ete que rarement decrite. Nous avons donc etudie l’impact des formulations et du melange d’un herbicide, la mesotrione, et d’un fongicide, le tebuconazole, sur leur biodegradation respective, en termes de cinetiques et de modulations de voies metaboliques de degradation, mais aussi sur la croissance de differents microorganismes degradant ou non. Un schema general de biodegradation de la mesotrione commun a de nombreux microorganismes, Gram positif et negatif, a ete propose conduisant, dans nos conditions, a l’accumulation d’un metabolite, l’AMBA. L’etude comparee avec la formulation (Callisto®) a montre une forte influence des adjuvants sur la cinetique de biodegradation de la mesotrione, allant d’une forte inhibition pour les souches Gram positif testees jusqu’a une stimulation pour une souche d’E. coli. Pour le tebuconazole, seules 3 souches se sont montrees capables de dissiper ce fongicide et de nouveaux metabolites ont pu etre mis en evidence. L’utilisation de la formulation (Balmora®) conduit a des effets variables sur sa biodegradation en fonction de la souche et de la concentration. Cependant, les adjuvants presentent toujours un effet inhibiteur, souvent meme fort, sur la croissance des microorganismes testes, en particulier sur les souches bacteriennes Gram positif, qui se sont toujours revelees plus sensibles. Les etudes sur le melange de ces deux pesticides, purs ou formules ont mis en evidence la complexite des phenomenes : effets inhibiteurs, neutres et souvent stimulation des cinetiques de biodegradation de chaque pesticide que le microorganisme teste degrade ou non le compose en question ; effet synergique du melange de pesticides, purs ou formule, sur la toxicite.
Interferon therapy reduces the risk for hepatocellular carcinoma: national surveillance program of cirrhotic and noncirrhotic patients with chronic hepatitis C in Japan. IHIT Study Group. Inhibition of Hepatocarcinogenesis by Interferon Therapy.

BACKGROUND Previous studies on the effect of interferon therapy on the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma have not sufficiently assessed degree of liver fibrosis, a major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of interferon therapy on incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma, adjusting for risk factors, including the degree of liver fibrosis. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Seven university hospitals and one regional core hospital in Japan. PATIENTS 2890 patients with chronic hepatitis C who had undergone liver biopsy since 1986. Of these patients, 2400 received interferon and 490 were untreated. MEASUREMENTS The degree of liver fibrosis was assessed from stage F0 (no fibrosis) to stage F4 (cirrhosis). Response to interferon was determined virologically and biochemically. Screening for development of hepatocellular carcinoma was performed periodically during an average follow-up of 4.3 years. Effect of interferon therapy on the risk for hepatocellular carcinoma was analyzed by using Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS Hepatocellular carcinoma developed in 89 interferon-treated patients and in 59 untreated patients. Among untreated patients, the annual incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma increased with the degree of liver fibrosis, from 0.5% among patients with stage F0 or F1 fibrosis to 7.9% among patients with stage F4 fibrosis. The cumulative incidence in treated and untreated patients differed significantly for patients with stage F2 fibrosis (P = 0.0128) and for those with stage F3 fibrosis (P = 0.0011). In multivariate analysis, interferon therapy was associated with a reduced risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (adjusted risk ratio, 0.516 [95% CI, 0.358 to 0.742]; P < 0.001), especially among patients with sustained virologic response (risk ratio, 0.197 [CI, 0.099 to 0.392]), among those with persistently normal serum alanine aminotransferase levels (risk ratio, 0.197 [CI, 0.104 to 0.375]), and among those with alanine aminotransferase levels less than two times the upper limit of normal (risk ratio, 0.358 [CI, 0.206 to 0.622]). CONCLUSIONS Interferon therapy significantly reducesthe risk for hepatocellular carcinoma, especially among virologic or biochemical responders.
Alternative Food Projects, Localization and Neoliberal Urban Development. Farmers’ Markets in Southern California

Recent years have witnessed the emergence of alternative food movements responding to growing dissatisfaction with the global, industrial, and corporate food system. In particular, scholars and activists have called for a re-localization of food systems as a way to foster health, justice, sustainability and other goals. Although a growing scholarship views food initiatives that shorten supply chains, such as farmers markets and community gardens, as forms of resistance against the capitalist pressures that strain the food system, other researchers provide evidence indicating that these have become increasingly popular among affluent and white urban residents. Such contradiction puts into question the claim that local food will foster democracy and justice. This article builds upon recent geographic research on scale and urban governance to explore the growth of local food practices in urban southern California and their role in resisting, challenging and reproducing neoliberal urban agendas. We focus specifically on farmers’ markets, which have grown exponentially. After investigating their geographic distribution in the County of San Diego, we turn our analytical gaze to three markets that uniquely illustrate the ambivalent relationships between neoliberal urbanism and alternative food systems. Conceptualizing the local scale as a strategy, we pay particular attention to the agenda of institutional actors in supporting alternative food initiatives and their role in reshaping cities along the lines of race and class. The research combines quantitative and qualitative data, including interviews of community stakeholders, to map the changing landscape of alternative food practices and the contradictions local actors face in creating a more just city.
Predicting public take-up of digital contact tracing during the COVID-19 crisis: Results of a national survey in Singapore.

BACKGROUND In the global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), new digital solutions have been developed for infection control. In particular, contact tracing mobile applications provide a means for governments to manage both health and economic concerns. However, public reception of these applications is paramount to success, and global take-up rates have been low. OBJECTIVE In this study, we sought to identify characteristics of an individual or the situation that may be associated with voluntary downloads of a contact tracing mobile application in Singapore. METHODS A sample of 505 adults from the general community completed an online survey. As the primary outcome measure, participants indicated whether they had downloaded a contact tracing application introduced at the national level ("TraceTogether"). As predictor variables, we assessed: (1) participant demographics; (2) behavioral changes on account of the pandemic; and (3) pandemic severity (the number of cases and lockdown status). RESULTS Within our dataset, the strongest predictor of digital contact tracing take-up was the extent to which individuals had already adjusted their lifestyles because of the pandemic (Z = 13.56, P < .001). Network analyses revealed that take-up was most related to: using hand sanitizers, avoiding public transport, and preferring outdoor over indoor venues during the pandemic. However, demographic and situational characteristics was not significantly associated with application downloads. CONCLUSIONS Efforts to introduce contact tracing applications could capitalize on pandemic-related behavioral adjustments that individuals have made. Given that critical mass is needed for contact tracing to be effective, we urge further research to understand how citizens respond to contact tracing applications. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04468581.
The Reelin (RELN) gene is associated with executive function in healthy individuals

Executive functions such as set-shifting and maintenance are cognitive processes that rely on complex neurodevelopmental processes. Although neurodevelopmental processes are mainly studied in animal models and in neuropsychiatric disorders, the underlying genetic basis for these processes under physiological conditions is poorly understood. We aimed to investigate the association between genetic variants of the Reelin (RELN) gene and cognitive set-shifting in healthy young individuals. The relationship between 12 selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the RELN gene and cognitive set-shifting as measured by perseverative errors using the modified card sorting test (MCST) was analysed in a sample of N = 98 young healthy individuals (mean age in years: 22.7 ± 0.19). Results show that in individual MANCOVA analyses two of five significant SNPs (rs2711870: F2,39 = 7.14; p = 0.0019; rs2249372: F2,39 = 6.97; p = 0.002) withstood Bonferroni correction for multiple testing (corrected p-value: p = 0.004). While haplotype analyses of the RELN gene showed significant associations between three haplotypes and perseverative error processing in various models of inheritance (adjusted for age, gender, BDI, MWTB IQ), the GCT haplotye showed the most robust finding with a recessive model of inheritance (p = 2.32 10 ) involving the functional SNP rs362691 (Leu-Val amino acid change). Although our study strongly suggests the involvement of the RELN gene in cognitive set-shifting and maintenance, our study requires further exploration as well as replication of the findings in larger samples of healthy individuals and in clinical samples with neuropsychiatric disorders. 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
The ‘Strange Alteration’ of Hamlet: Comic Books, Adaptation and Constructions of Adolescent literacy

This article examines two comic book adaptations of Shakespeare’s Hamlet produced for teenage readers and used in school classrooms. It seeks to understand the ways in which particular kinds of literacy are being implied and constructed through the textual practice of multimodal adaptation. It presents a close reading of sections of the texts and places them within the framework of multimodal theory and adaptation studies. The paper is part of a larger study of comic book adaptations of Shakespeare’s plays based on a series of semi-structured interviews with the producers (publishers, artists, textual editors) involved in the adaptation process. The data are analysed in order to raise questions concerning the assumptions about literacy inherent in educational texts, and to outline the importance of further qualitative research in the area.
The use of technology in measuring low back function and morphology in low back pain patients

Background Inconsistent descriptions of Lumbar multifidus (LM) morphology were previously identified, especially in ultrasonography (US) research, hampering its clinical applicability with regard to diagnosis and therapy. Objective To determine the LM-sonoanatomy comparing high-resolution reconstructions from a 3D digital spine and standard LM-ultrasonography. Design Observational study. Methods From three deeply frozen human tissue blocks of the lumbosacral spine a large series of consecutive photographs with 78μm interval were acquired and reformatted into 3D blocks. This enabled the reconstruction of (semi-)oblique cross-sections that could match US-images obtained from a healthy volunteer. Transverse and oblique short-axis views were compared from the most caudal insertion of LM to L1. distinguish from erector in At the we identify every spinous and the dorsal part of sacrum.