Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detecting Soldiers’ Fatigue Using Eye-Tracking Glasses: Practical Field Applications and Research Opportunities

ABSTRACT Introduction Objectively determining soldiers’ fatigue levels could help prevent injuries or accidents resulting from inattention or decreased alertness. Eye-tracking technologies, such as optical eye tracking (OET) and electrooculography (EOG), are often used to monitor fatigue. Eyeblinks—especially blink frequency and blink duration—are known as easily observable and valid biomarkers of fatigue. Currently, various eye trackers (i.e., eye-tracking glasses) are available on the market using either OET or EOG technologies. These wearable eye trackers offer several advantages, including unobtrusive functionality, practicality, and low costs. However, several challenges and limitations must be considered when implementing these technologies in the field to monitor fatigue levels. This review investigates the feasibility of eye tracking in the field focusing on the practical applications in military operational environments. Materials and Method This paper summarizes the existing literature about eyeblink dynamics and available wearable eye-tracking technologies, exposing challenges and limitations, as well as discussing practical recommendations on how to improve the feasibility of eye tracking in the field. Results So far, no eye-tracking glasses can be recommended for use in a demanding work environment. First, eyeblink dynamics are influenced by multiple factors; therefore, environments, situations, and individual behavior must be taken into account. Second, the glasses’ placement, sunlight, facial or body movements, vibrations, and sweat can drastically decrease measurement accuracy. The placement of the eye cameras for the OET and the placement of the electrodes for the EOG must be chosen consciously, the sampling rate must be minimal 200 Hz, and software and hardware must be robust to resist any factors influencing eye tracking. Conclusion Monitoring physiological and psychological readiness of soldiers, as well as other civil professionals that face higher risks when their attention is impaired or reduced, is necessary. However, improvements to eye-tracking devices’ hardware, calibration method, sampling rate, and algorithm are needed in order to accurately monitor fatigue levels in the field.
In Silico Screening of Marine Compounds as an Emerging and Promising Approach against Estrogen Receptor Alpha-Positive Breast Cancer

Presently, the majority of breast tumors are estrogen receptor (ER) positive. Breast cancer (BC) is defined by uncontrolled cell proliferation (CP) in breast tissue. BCs are caused by the overexpression of genes that promote CP in breast cells. The discovery of effective inhibitors is an excellent chemopreventive method. Our in silico approach analysis offers a pharmacoinformatics methodology for identifying lead molecules targeting cochaperone HSP90 and the epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)/neu receptor. BC has been associated with the high expression of these targets. The use of drug-likeness filters aided in determining the therapeutic properties of possible lead compounds. In this study, docking-based virtual screening (VS) was performed. Database of about 450 cancer marine compounds was used. The X-ray-assisted structure of ERα with 4-OHT (PDB code: 3ERT) was chosen for 4-OHT. A docking-based virtual screening was performed on the dataset supplied using the molecular operating environment (MOE) dock application. The binding energy (BE) and explanation of the protein inhibitor interaction (PII) are crucial findings for future both in terms of dry or wet lab research. The GBVI/WAS binding-free energy assessment (in kcal/mol) scores were used to grade the compounds. Compounds with a BE of less than -9.500 kcal/mol were deemed to be the most effective inhibitors. For further analysis, the top seven structurally diverse scaffolds were selected. Seven marine compounds exhibited the best docking score, which validates them to be potent anti-BC compounds. These compounds' bioactive potential and prospective drug-likeness profile make them promising leads for further experimental research.
Impact of genetic polymorphisms at the promoter area of IL-10 gene on tacrolimus level in Jordanian renal transplantation recipients

Background Tacrolimus is a widely used immunosuppressant that prevents solid organ transplant rejection. The pharmacokinetics of Tacrolimus show considerable varia - bility. Interleukin-10 (IL-10), in the host's immune response after transplantation, contributes to the variable CYP3Adependent drug disposition of Tacrolimus. In the current study, we aim to evaluate the impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the promoter region of IL-10 on Tacrolimus dose requirements and the Dose Adjusted Concentration (DAC) of Tacrolimus among kidney transplantation recipients. Methods Blood levels of Tacrolimus were measured using Microparticle Enzyme Immunoassay (MEIA) for six months post-transplantation. Genotyping analysis was utilized using specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) followed by sequencing methods for 98 Jordanian kidney transplant recipients. Results Genotyping frequencies of IL-10 (-592) were (CC/CA/AA: 38, 46.7, 15.2%); IL-10 (-819) were (CC/CT/TT: 40.4, 44.1, 15.1%); and IL-10 (-1082) were (AA/AG/GG: 42.6, 44.7, 12.8%). The impact of IL-10 (-1082) on Tacrolimus DAC was gender dependent. Men carrying at least one A allele had significantly lower DAC than men carrying GG genotyping only in the first month post-transplantation 88.2±32.1 vs. 117.5±22.5 ng/mL per mg/kg/day, p=0.04 . Conclusions Our current study showed that the interaction between gender and IL-10 -1082 affects Tacrolimus DAC in Jordanian kidney transplant recipients during the first month post-transplantation.
A Systematic Review on Comparative Analyses between Ureteroscopic Lithotripsy and Shock-Wave Lithotripsy for Ureter Stone According to Stone Size

Background and Objectives: This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to analyze the treatment outcomes of shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) and ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URSL) according to the ureteral stone size. Materials and Methods: In this systematic review, relevant articles that compared SWL and URSL for treatment of ureteral stones were identified. Articles were selected from four English databases including Ovid-Medline, Ovid-EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of controlled Trials (Central), and Google Scholar. A quality assessment was carried out by our researchers independently using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN). A total of 1325 studies were identified, but after removing duplicates, there remained 733 studies. Of these studies, 439 were excluded, 294 were screened, and 18 met the study eligibility criteria. Results: In randomized control trial (RCT) studies, URSL showed significantly higher SFR than SWL (p < 0.01, OR= 0.40, 95% CI 0.30–0.55, I² = 29%). The same results were shown in sub-group analysis according to the size of the stone (<1 cm: p < 0.01, OR = 0.40, 95% CI 0.25–0.63; >1 cm: p < 0.01, OR = 0.38, 95% CI 0.19–0.74, I² = 55%; not specified: p < 0.01, OR = 0.43, 95% CI 0.25–0.72, I² = 70%). In the non-RCT studies, the effectiveness of the URSL was significantly superior to that of SWL (p < 0.01, OR = 0.33, 95% CI 0.21–0.52, I² = 83%). Retreatment rate was significantly lower in URSL than in SWL regardless of stone size (p < 0.01, OR = 10.22, 95% CI 6.76–15.43, I² = 54%). Conclusions: Meta-analysis results show that SFR was higher than SWL in URSL and that URSL was superior to SWL in retreatment rate. However, more randomized trials are required to identify definitive conclusions.
Optimization of Novel Voice Coil Motor Structure Designed for a Free-Piston Stirling Generator

In this paper, a novel voice coil motor (VCM) structure with two guidance permanent magnets (GPM) is proposed to cooperate with free-piston Stirling generator (FPSG). It is proved that the VCM has inherent advantages when coupling with the power piston of FPSG thanks to the reciprocating linear motion characteristics and the constant flux density feature. By deploying the GPMs, the problem of the flux density magnitude dropping at both end of the VCM is solved. Thus, the efficient stroke and the power density of FPSG is enhanced. Additionally, the magnetizing direction and size optimization of the GPMs is discussed by the finite element analysis.
Mantle earthquakes in the Crimea-Black Sea-Caucasus regions

The question of the existence of foci of deep earthquakes in the region of the Crimea-Black Sea-Caucasus is extremely important from the point of view of the geodynamics of the region. Previously it was thought that only crustal earthquakes could occur in this region. Recently, results have been obtained that show that earthquakes with depths of at least 300 km occur in this region. The article discusses the question of how plausible these results are and why they were not obtained earlier. Seven specific examples of the ambiguous determination of the depth of earthquake hypocenters in the Crimea-Black Sea-Caucasus region are considered. These examples clearly show that determining the coordinates of earthquake hypocenters using algorithms based on the Geiger method does not allow one to uniquely determine the depth of the hypocenters. The article gives an idea of the authors about the origin of mantle earthquakes in the Caucasian and Crimean-Black Sea regions. For the Caucasus region, mantle earthquakes are associated with two reasons: submersion of the lithospheric layer; in the asthenospheric layer, represented in the seismotomographic sections by a low-velocity anomaly, the nature of earthquake foci is associated with fluids formed during phase transition reactions. In the Crimean-Black Sea region, earthquake foci are located in the lithosphere layer, and the sliding of the lithosphere along the less viscous underlying layer of the upper mantle causes tectonic movements in the lithosphere accompanied by earthquakes. In addition, to determine the coordinates of the hypocenters of the Crimean and Caucasian earthquakes during routine processing, hodographs were used for depths not exceeding 35 km for the Crimea and 50 km for the Caucasus and 150 for the North Caucasus. This circumstance is the main reason why deep earthquakes could not be detected.
Study the Distribution of Rotavirus Genotypes in Vaccinated and non Vaccinated Children in Babylon Province

Rotaviruses, a major cause of gastroenteritis in children worldwide accounts for around half a million deaths annually. Vaccine against the virus has been recommended by the WHO to be involved in the national immunization program.To evaluate the genetic characterization of rotavirus among children with acute gastroenteritis in Babylon province is warranted. Children complained of diarrhea with rotavirus infection detected in their stool were involved in the study. The age range was 10 months to 60 months and with retrogradechecking of rotavirus vaccine history. Rotavirus genotypes were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). A total number of 40 children with rotavirus gastroenteritis were used to examine the rotavirus genotyping distribution. The prevalent genotypes were found to be G1, G9, and G2. No significant difference in the distribution of the length of diarrhea according to genotype. Vaccinated children exhibited significantly higher percentage of G2 while G1 and G9 were presented more considerably in not vaccinated children.We detected a variety of rotavirus strains includingthe major global genotypes.Obviously, rotavirus strains are continuing to vary in Iraq. The vaccination changes the genotype prevalence and this situation may create challenges to the effectiveness of rotavirus vaccines and planning for future polices. Keywords: Rotavirus, Vaccine, Genotype.
Research on the effectiveness of VR technology in assisted rehabilitation of PTSD patients

Post-traumatic stress disorder has become a common mental illness in modern society, with up to 800 million patients worldwide. Usually, therapists use talk therapy and medication to relieve PTSD symptoms, but those traditional methods have many limitations. For example, its expensive treatment fee, lack of professionals, a considerable amount of time taken of the treatment. Currently, the application of VR in the field of PTSD has received attention, but most of the literature and cases are based on case analysis. This study aims to make an objective evaluation of the effect of virtual reality technology in the treatment of PTSD patients by studying different types of patients with PTSD, to better play the application of VR in the field of PTSD. In this study, qualitative analysis was carried out mainly by collecting published literature and typical cases. The results showed that VRET had a positive effect on symptom improvement in PTSD patients. However, the effects of VRET were different in different patients with a different mechanism of trauma and different tolerance of trauma. Simultaneously, PTSD adjuvant therapy also has many limitations. Suppose researchers combine psychology and use artificial intelligence algorithms to create a personalized VR scene reality that makes the ideal effect close to individual needs. In that case, they can get the most effective adjuvant therapy. After a certain extent of development, it is predictable that the VR therapy would have fewer side effects, simple operations, and low cost that can be used to build a healthier family and community environment.
Tracker Performance Improvement Using Multiple-Sensor Data

The increase in target signature information inherent in multi-spectral techniques can be used to increase tracker knowledge of current and predicted target states. In addition to the target location, the velocity, acceleration states, and target aspect angle, for example, can be measured. Aspect angle can be used to limit the possible future states of the target (aircraft, for example, have maximum maneuverability along an axis perpendicular to the wing plane.) Aspect angle, coupled with information concerning maximum target acceleration capabilities, can be used to provide an 'envelope' of possible future target locations. This envelope and position prediction are updated with each observation of the target status. A target pattern recognition algorithm has been used to classify target images, estimating both object identification and aspect angle. A modified form of the moments invariant technique, combined with a maximum likelihood classifier, has been developed and tested against imagery acquired with a laboratory image acquisition and analysis system. Simulations of combined motion and aspect angle sensing trackers indicated enhanced performance over systems with kinematic information only. A database of target imagery has been created, and algorithm accuracy as a function of signal-to-noise ratio has been determined. The effects of several pre-processing steps on the electro-optical sensor aspect angle measurement have also been studied. Critical invariance properties have been examined in a limited number of tests.
Assessment of the knowledge of nutritional recommendations and way of nutrition in vegetarians and vegans.

Background People following a vegetarian diet can obtain all the essential nutrients from a variety of foods. Among the nutrients, protein, iron, calcium, zinc, and vitamins B12 and D3 require special attention. Objective To assess the knowledge of dietary recommendations among different groups of vegetarians and the diet they follow. Material and methods The study involved a total of 390 subjects (360 women and 30 men), aged 18-60 years, who were following different vegetarian diets. The study was conducted in November 2020 via Facebook using the Computerassisted web interviewing (CAWI) method. Participation in the study was voluntary and anonymous, and sample selection was intentional (participants were members of groups for vegetarians in Facebook). Statistical analysis was carried out using the Chi2 test, using Statistica 13.3 (at p=0.05). Results To develop the results, the respondents were divided into 4 groups according to their diet: vegan, pescovegetarian, lactovegetarian, and people following other types of diets. The body mass index of nearly 2/3 of the respondents was within the normal range, and more than 80% of the respondents rated their health as good or very good. An analysis of the frequency of consumption of food products showed that, regardless of the type of vegetarian diet they followed, the participants adhered to the principles of proper nutrition. The respondents who rated their nutritional knowledge as very good were more likely to consume vegetables, fruits, legumes, and whole-grain cereals, and rarely consumed sweet and salty snacks, alcoholic and energizing drinks, or fast food. Vegans more frequently consumed fruits, vegetables, legumes, vegetable fats, and vegetable substitutes for meat and dairy products compared to other vegetarians. In addition to plant products, pesco- and lactovegetarians included selected animal-derived products in their food rations, thus skillfully diversifying the diet. More than 80% of the vegetarians used dietary supplements, mainly vitamins D and B12. Conclusions Regardless of the type of vegetarian diet followed, the participants seemed to be aware of how to balance their diet and the ingredients that should be supplemented, even though a vast majority of them did not consult a diet specialist.
Waveguide Manufacturing Technologies for Next-Generation Millimeter-Wave Antennas

Some recent waveguide-based antennas are presented in this paper, designed for the next generation of communication systems operating at the millimeter-wave band. The presented prototypes have been conceived to be manufactured using different state-of-the-art techniques, involving subtractive and additive approaches. All the designs have used the latest developments in the field of manufacturing to guarantee the required accuracy for operation at millimeter-wave frequencies, where tolerances are extremely tight. Different designs will be presented, including a monopulse antenna combining a comparator network, a mode converter, and a spline profile horn; a tunable phase shifter that is integrated into an array to implement reconfigurability of the main lobe direction; and a conformal array antenna. These prototypes were manufactured by diverse approaches taking into account the waveguide configuration, combining parts with high-precision milling, electrical discharge machining, direct metal laser sintering, or stereolithography with spray metallization, showing very competitive performances at the millimeter-wave band till 40 GHz.
A novel ultra wideband bandpass filter using microstrip double‐ring resonators

An ultra wideband bandpass filter with sharp‐rejection is proposed by using a new structure of double ring resonators. The double ring resonator generates a couple of attenuation poles, and its operation mechanism is made clear through the even‐ and odd‐mode analysis of the circuit. The stopband of the filter can be significantly widened by cascading the double ring resonators. A two‐stage microstrip bandpass filter with a 3‐dB fractional bandwidth of 80% is designed, fabricated, and tested. The measured frequency response of the filter validates well the theoretical analysis and electromagnetic simulation. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 303–305, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22117
PERIODONTITIS AND BIRTH OF PRETERM INFANTS WITH LOW WEIGHT: A REVIEW ARTICLE

About 9.6% of infants are born prematurely around the world. In addition to infection of reproductive system, inflammation and infection of distant organs are one of the risk factors for preterm low birth weight (PTLBW). Since periodontitis is a prevalent disease and also premature labor is a common complication with high treatment cost, it is important to elucidate the relationship between these two conditions. Such a knowledge could be helpful to prioritize the preventive interventions for reduction of adverse pregnancy outcome. Epidemiologic studies , as the first line of evidence, showed the higher prevalence of PTLBW among women with periodontitis. When a condition is being proposed as a risk factor, it is necessary to explain the biologic mechanisms underlying such a relationship. The relationship between periodontitis and PTLBW is biologically plausible. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease in which anaerobic bacteria being colonized in deep pathologic pockets and produce large amount of inflammatory mediators. Perio-pathogens and their products enter the placenta and amniotic fluids. They could activate the inflammatory signaling pathways and induce the PTLBW. Despite the large number of randomized control trial (RCT) studies, the effect of periodontal treatment on the incidence of PTLBW is not well understood. Although the periodontal treatment could not necessarily reduce the incidence of PTLBW, but oral hygiene, is a pivotal compartment of health care during pregnancy. The aim of this article was to review the current evidences about different aspects of the relationship between periodontitis and PTLBW.
Design considerations of power MOSFET for high frequency synchronous rectification

Synchronous rectifiers used in high frequency, low output voltage applications are power MOSFETs specially designed to replace the usual output Schottky diodes in order to reduce converter losses. This paper deals with the analysis and design optimization of a synchronous rectifier suitable for applications of 1 to 10 MHz switching-mode power supplies. Three different MOSFET structures were studied and evaluated through detailed 2-dimensional device simulations. The internal parameters are optimized against three major performance factors, namely (1) the recovery time of the body diode, (2) the product of on-state resistance and input capacitance, i.e., the loss factor, and (3) the breakdown voltage of the body diode. Based on the evaluation, the UMOS structure produces the lowest RC loss factor and the shortest body diode reverse recovery. The final design optimization of the UMOS was then carried out and an optimized device is presented as the final design. >
Mining for Data: Assessing the Use of Online Research

This paper provides evidence on the way that people use research resources posted on websites. Although the Internet is now ‘the’ main point of access to research findings, little is known about how it is used to this end. The research reported here has gradually developed some analytical tools for this purpose. We use data from Google Analytics and from a survey of website visitors to describe some of the patterns in the ways that people interact with these resources. Each data source has its own story; together the data can help us understand how organizations and individuals use, or do not use, education research online. We conclude with some implications for practice.
A Novel Approach to Clinical Education<br>through Distance Learning

The circumstances of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) drove the development of a novel teaching methodology for optometric clinical education using distance learning. In small groups students conduct a virtual clinical encounter in real time while educators observe. As they would in an actual patient encounter, students exercise clinical reasoning as they elicit case history, request and interpret tests, consider differential diagnoses and compose management plans. Additionally, students deliver patient education using video sharing. This methodology transforms clinical education using a closely monitored, interactive clinical learning experience with detailed feedback, which has benefits beyond those available in traditional clinic.