Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fostering Children's Mathematical Power: An Investigative Approach To K-8 Mathematics Instruction

Prologue - Understanding This Teaching Guide and the Role of Affect in the Teaching-Learning Process Fostering Mathematical Power - the Need for Purposeful, Inquiry-Based and Meaningful Instruction Processes of Mathematical Inquiry - Problem Solving, Reasoning and Communicating Fostering and Evaluating Meaningful Learning - Making Connections and Assessing Understanding Basic Mathematical Tools - Numbers and Numerals Introducing Arithmetic - Understanding the Whole-Number Operations and Mastering the Basic Number Combinations Understanding Base-Ten, Place-Value Skills - Reading, Writing and Arithmetic with Multidigit Numbers Thinking with Whole Numbers - Number Sense, Estimation and Mental Computation Exploring Numbers Further - Number Theory and Integers and Operations on Integers Working with "Parts of a Whole" and Other Meanings of Rational Numbers and Common Fractions Understanding Operations on Common Fractions Place-Value Representations of Fractional Parts - Decimal Fractions, Decimals and Operations on Decimals Comparing Quantities Fairly - Ratios, Proportions and Percent Making Sense of Information and Using it to Make Everyday Decisions - Statistics and Probability The Mathematics of Our Environment - Geometry and Spatial Sense Sizing Up Things - Measurement and Measurement Formulas The Transition from Arithmetic to Algebra - Prealgebra and Functions Reflections on Teaching - Organizing Instruction to Enhance Mathematical Power, Professional Development and Epilogue Appendices.
CYP induction and metabolism in plated HepaRG cells prepared with “no-spin” thawing

GibcoTM HepaRGTM cells are a human hepatic progenitor cell line that retains many characteristics of primary human hepatocytes, and has become a predominant in vitro research tool since its isolation in 1999. HepaRG cells offered through Thermo Fisher Scientific are terminally differentiated and provided in a convenient cryopreserved format of 107 cells/vial (enough for an entire 96-well plate). Since hepatotoxicity is a leading cause for drug failure in clinical trials, finding a reproducible and predictive in vitro tool has been imperative for scientists, and hundreds of peer-reviewed manuscripts have since demonstrated the utility of HepaRG cells. Published cytotoxicity studies with HepaRG cells have often focused on drugs and environmental toxicants, such as aflatoxin, which require bioactivation via liver enzymes such as cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP). Aninat et al. (2006) demonstrated how HepaRG cells form the same CYP-catalyzed toxic epoxide metabolites from aflatoxin as are formed in primary hepatocytes [1]. Guillouzo et al. (2007) built upon this observation by demonstrating aflatoxin toxicity in HepaRG cells, whereas HepG2 cells (which lack CYP activities) were resistant [2].
Channeling End-User Creativity: Leveraging Live Streaming for Distributed Collaboration in Indie Game Development

This paper explores the role of live streaming in distributed collaborative software development using indie game development, an end-user driven creative community, as an example. We conducted 27 in-depth interviews with indie game developers from various cultures and countries, who had engaged in live streaming for collaborative software development either as a streamer or a viewer. Our findings show how live streaming can be used by indie game developers to support their endeavors to innovate the traditional game development model, which goes beyond just learning and teaching technical skills. We also highlight the potential challenges indie developers face in this process. We thus make unique contributions to CSCW by bridging the previously often disconnected research agendas on collaborative software development and live streaming. We also provide potential directions for designing future live streaming platforms to better support distributed collaboration in emerging end-user driven creative activities.
Expression of Cell-Cycle Regulatory Proteins pRb, Cyclin D1, and p53 Is Not Associated with Recurrence Rates of Equine Sarcoids

Simple Summary Expression of cell-cycle regulatory proteins pRB, Cyclin D1, and p53 is not associated with recurrence rates of equine sarcoids. Sarcoids are common tumors of equids, and since the pathogenesis and Bovine Papillomavirus (BPV) mechanism of tumorigenesis is not fully understood yet, we investigated the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins pRB, Cyclin D1, and p53 to understand whether BPV and Human Papillomavirus (HPV) share similar mechanisms of action. The expression pattern of these proteins in a series of BPV-positive equine sarcoids is different from HPV-induced tumors. Moreover, their expression is not correlated with the recurrence or occurrence of sarcoids in new body sites. Abstract Sarcoids are among the most common tumors diagnosed in equids; their association with bovine papillomaviruses (BPV) infection has been widely reported, but the mechanism of carcinogenesis has not been fully elucidated. To verify whether BPV infection causes dysregulation of the pRb-Cyclin D1-p16CDKN2A-p53 pathway as reported for human papillomavirus (HPV), the study employed immunohistochemistry to test 55 equine sarcoid biopsies for the expression of pRb, Cyclin D1, and p53 cell cycle regulatory proteins and to evaluate the proliferative rate through Ki67. High Cyclin D1 and pRb expression were observed in 51% and 80% of cases, respectively, while low expression was observed in 49% and 20% of cases, respectively. Significantly higher Ki67 proliferation indexes were observed in fibroblastic, nodular, and mixed sarcoids compared to the occult and verrucous. High proliferation was significantly associated with high Cyclin D1 expression. In contrast with previous studies, p53 positivity was not observed in the cases examined in this study. Moreover, follow-up analysis revealed that fibroblastic, mixed sarcoids were associated with significantly higher local recurrence rates while the verrucous subtype was associated with higher rates of new sarcoid development at distant sites.
Antioxidative behavior of a2-macroglobulin in intervertebral disc degeneration

Background To clarify if a2-macroglobulin (α2M) has an antioxidative effect during the progression of the intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). Methods The content of α2M and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured to compare mildly and severely degenerated human nucleus pulposus (NP) tissue by immunohistochemistry, mass spectrometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Additionally, exogenic α2M was used to culture severely degenerated NP tissue in vitro. The effects of α2M on hypochlorite (HOCl)-treated NP cells were evaluated, containing antioxidative enzymes, ROS level, collagen II, and aggrecan expression, MMP3/13, and ADAMTS4/5. Results ROS level increased in severely degenerated NP, accompanying with a decreased α2M content. Supplement of α2M could decrease the ROS level of cultured NP in vitro, meanwhile, the MMP13 and ADAMTS4 expression were also reduced. It was found that treatment of HOCl resulted in oxidative damage to NP cells and decreased α2M expression in a dose and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, exogenic α2M stimulation reversed the HOCl-triggered ROS accumulation. The promotion of SOD1/2, CAT, GPX1, collagen II, and aggrecan, and suppression of MMP3/13, ADAMTS4/5 expression caused by α2M were also observed. Conclusions Our study indicates that α2M has an antioxidative ability in degenerated NP cells by promoting the antioxidative enzyme production.
Assessment of Saccharomyces boulardii effect on rats Staphylococcus aureus induced skin infection: an in-vivo study

: A concerning global health issue is the growing incidence of antibiotic resistance in skin and soft tissue infection. This study aimed to assess the healing potential of topically applied Saccharomyces boulardii on excisional skin wound infected with Staphylococcus aureus using a rat model. The wounded animals were divided into three groups; group 1: uninfected untreated, group 2: infected untreated and group 3: infected S. boulardii -treated. Treatment commenced 2 days post infection. Parameters studied were wound microbial load, rate of wound contraction, serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level and rat β -defensin 1 (RBD-1) gene expression. Staphylococcal bacterial load decline was significantly ( p < 0.05) higher in group 3 when compared to group 2 at day 5, 6 and 7 accompanied by a growing of S. boulardii load on the animals of group 3. A complete wound closure (100%) was monitored in study group 3 at day 7 in comparison to the control groups, where partial healing was achieved (67.10 and 91.74% in group 1 and 2 respectively). No significant difference of CRP level among the three groups was encountered indicating no influence of S. boulardii on this protein. RBD-1 gene expression in group 3 was found higher than the two control groups ( p < 0.05 and < 0.01 in comparison to group 1 and group 2 respectively). Topical application of S. boulardii was shown able to enhance wound healing and competitively exclude the infecting pathogen. The increased antimicrobial peptide gene expression in S. boulardii treated group might contribute to its healing potential.
Identifying Positive Deviant Farms Using Pareto-Optimality Ranking Technique to Assess Productivity and Livelihood Benefits in Smallholder Dairy Farming under Contrasting Stressful Environments in Tanzania

In smallholder dairy-cattle farming, identifying positive deviants that attain outstanding performance can inform targeted improvements in typical, comparable farms under similar environmental stresses. Mostly, positive deviants are identified subjectively, introducing bias and limiting generalisation. The aim of the study was to objectively identify positive deviant farms using the Pareto-optimality ranking technique in a sample of smallholder dairy farms under contrasting stressful environments in Tanzania to test the hypothesis that positive deviant farms that simultaneously outperform typical farms in multiple performance indicators also outperform in yield gap, productivity and livelihood benefits. The selection criteria set five performance indicators: energy balance, disease-incidence density, daily milk yield, age at first calving and calving interval. Findings proved the hypothesis. A few farms (27: 3.4%) emerged as positive deviants, outperforming typical farms in yield gap, productivity and livelihood benefits. The estimated yield gap in typical farms was 76.88% under low-stress environments and 48.04% under high-stress environments. On average, total cash income, gross margins and total benefits in dairy farming were higher in positive deviants than in typical farms in both low- and high-stress environments. These results show that the Pareto-optimality ranking technique applied in a large population objectively identified a few positive deviant farms that attained higher productivity and livelihood benefits in both low- and high-stress environments. However, positive deviants invested more in inputs. With positive deviant farms objectively identified, it is possible to characterise management practices that they deploy differently from typical farms and learn lessons to inform the uptake of best practices and extension messages to be directed to improving dairy management.
Mapping the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Nanocluster Topography at the Cell Membrane with STED and STORM Nanoscopies

The cell-surface topography and density of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) play a key functional role in the synapse. Here we employ in parallel two labeling and two super-resolution microscopy strategies to characterize the distribution of this receptor at the plasma membrane of the mammalian clonal cell line CHO-K1/A5. Cells were interrogated with two targeted techniques (confocal microscopy and stimulated emission depletion (STED) nanoscopy) and single-molecule nanoscopy (stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy, STORM) using the same fluorophore, Alexa Fluor 647, tagged onto either α-bungarotoxin (BTX) or the monoclonal antibody mAb35. Analysis of the topography of nanometer-sized aggregates (“nanoclusters”) was carried out using STORMGraph, a quantitative clustering analysis for single-molecule localization microscopy based on graph theory and community detection, and ASTRICS, an inter-cluster similarity algorithm based on computational geometry. Antibody-induced crosslinking of receptors resulted in nanoclusters with a larger number of receptor molecules and higher densities than those observed in BTX-labeled samples. STORM and STED provided complementary information, STED rendering a direct map of the mesoscale nAChR distribution at distances ~10-times larger than the nanocluster centroid distances measured in STORM samples. By applying photon threshold filtering analysis, we show that it is also possible to detect the mesoscale organization in STORM images.
Geometrical measures of non-Gaussianity generated from single field inflationary models

We have calculated the third order moments of scalar curvature perturbations in configuration space for different inflationary models. We developed a robust numerical technique to compute the bispectrum for different models that have some features in the inflationary potential. From the bispectrum we evaluated moments analytically in the slow roll regime while we devised a numerical mechanism to calculated these moments for non slow roll single field inflationary models with standard kinetic term that are minimally coupled to gravity. With help of these third order moments one can directly predict many non-Gaussian and geometrical measures of CBM distributions in the configuration space. Thus, we have devised a framework to calculate different third order moments and geometrical measures, e.g. Minkowski functionals or skeleton statistic, generated by different single field models of inflation.
NOD1, NOD2, and NLRC5 Receptors in Antiviral and Antimycobacterial Immunity

The innate immune system recognizes pathogen-associated molecular motifs through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that induce inflammasome assembly in macrophages and trigger signal transduction pathways, thereby leading to the transcription of inflammatory cytokine genes. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) represent a family of cytosolic PRRs involved in the detection of intracellular pathogens such as mycobacteria or viruses. In this review, we discuss the role of NOD1, NOD2, and NLRC5 receptors in regulating antiviral and antimycobacterial immune responses by providing insight into molecular mechanisms as well as their potential health and disease implications.
Modifying a method for direct data collection by a telecommunication aerial platform from nodes of wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks are becoming increasingly important in both the civilian and military fields. The object of this study is the process of collecting data by a telecommunication aerial platform from network nodes under conditions of their remoteness from the telecommunication infrastructure. Most available papers consider a solution to partial problems related to the process of data acquisition by a telecommunication aerial platform: clustering of the network, search for the shortest flight route, minimization of energy costs of nodes, etc. Therefore, an improved method of direct data collection by a telecommunication air platform is proposed, which consistently and comprehensively solves these problems. Unlike existing methods, it takes into consideration several objective functions (optimization of data collection time by a telecommunication air platform and a network functioning time), parameters of the state of nodes and clusters, as well as makes it possible to obtain solutions in real time. A special feature of the proposed method is the search for the optimal solution according to the hierarchy: network – cluster – node. At the network level, the following is optimized: the number of clusters of a certain dimensionality and the trajectory of the cluster flyby. At the cluster level, the points (intervals) of data collection during the freezing (in motion) of the telecommunication air platform and the trajectory of its flight within a cluster are determined. At the node level, its energy consumption is minimized by reducing the distance to the telecommunication aerial platform. The trajectory of the platform within a cluster is calculated according to the developed rule base. The rules implement the method of situational management. The conditions of application are the parameters of the state of the nodes, the solutions are the parameters of the trajectory of a telecommunication aerial platform, and the intervals of data acquisition. The rules take into consideration the priority of the objective functions, the state of the parameters of the cluster nodes, and the previously made basic decision on the trajectory of the flyby. The simulation results show that the application of the method reduces the time of data collection up to 15 % or increases the network functioning time to 17 %.
Microwave magnetic properties of Co50/(SiO2)50 nanoparticles

Co50/(SiO2)50 nanoparticles were synthesized by a wet chemical method, and their microwave permeability was measured in the 0.1–18 GHz range. The synthesized nanoparticles exhibit two loss peaks at microwave frequencies: one appears around 7.0 GHz and is believed to result from the eddy current effect, the other appears around 250 MHz and is probably caused by natural ferromagnetic resonance. Compared with micrometer-size Co particles, the synthesized nanoparticles exhibit high permeability μ′ and low magnetic loss, especially over 10–18 GHz.
mRNA Vaccine Designing Using Chikungunya Virus E Glycoprotein through Immunoinformatics-Guided Approaches

Chikungunya virus is an alphavirus transmitted by mosquitos that develops into chikungunya fever and joint pain in humans. This virus’ name originated from a Makonde term used to describe an illness that changes the joints and refers to the posture of afflicted patients who are affected by excruciating joint pain. There is currently no commercially available drug or vaccine for chikungunya virus infection and the treatment is performed by symptom reduction. Herein, we have developed a computationally constructed mRNA vaccine construct featuring envelope glycoprotein as the target molecule to aid in the treatment process. We have utilized the reverse vaccinology approach to determine epitopes that would generate adaptive immune reactions. The resulting T and B lymphocytes epitopes were screened by various immunoinformatic tools and a peptide vaccine construct was designed. It was validated by proceeding to docking and MD simulation studies. The following design was then back-translated in nucleotide sequence and codons were optimized according to the expression host system (H. sapiens). Various sequences, including 3′ and 5′ UTR regions, Kozak sequence, poly (A) tail, etc., were introduced into the sequence for the construction of the final mRNA vaccine construct. The secondary structure was generated for validation of the mRNA vaccine construct sequence. Additionally, in silico cloning was also performed to design a vector for proceeding towards in vitro experimentation. The proposed designed vaccine construct may proceed with experimental testing for further efficacy verification and the final development of a vaccine against chikungunya virus infection.
The chemical biogeography of a widespread aromatic plant species shows both spatial and temporal variation

Abstract Plants produce a wide variety of secondary metabolites, but intraspecific variation in space and time can alter the ecological interactions these compounds mediate. The aim of this work was to document the spatial and temporal chemical biogeography of Monarda fistulosa. I collected leaves from 1587 M. fistulosa individuals from 86 populations from Colorado to Manitoba, extracted and analyzed their terpenes with gas chromatography, mapped monoterpene chemotypes, and analyzed chemical variation with principal component analysis. I also measured the amounts of terpenes in different plant tissues to examine intraplant variation and monitored leaf terpene chemistry over a single growing season to examine temporal patterns. Finally, I extracted terpenes from herbarium samples up to 125 years old and compared the chemotypes with recent samples from the same sites. M. fistulosa populations consisted mostly of thymol (T) and carvacrol (C) chemotypes, but geraniol (G) and (R)‐(−)‐linalool (L), a chemotype new to this species, were also present. A principal component analysis showed that most of the chemical variation across populations was due to the amounts of the dominant terpene in plants. Intraplant tissue chemistry revealed that leaves mostly had the greatest amounts of terpenes, followed by floral structures, stems, and roots. Short‐term temporal variation in leaf chemistry of T and C plants over a growing season showed that plants produced the highest levels of biosynthetic precursors early in the season and their dominant monoterpenes peaked in mid‐summer. Plant chemotype was discernable in the oldest herbarium samples, and 15 of 18 historic samples matched the majority chemotype currently at the site, indicating that population chemotype ratios may remain stable over longer time scales. Overall, the results show that plant species' secondary chemistry can vary both spatially and temporally, which may alter the biological interactions that these compounds mediate over space and time.
Comments on the Entropy of the Wave Function Collapse

Academically, among students, an apparent paradox may arise when one tries to interpret the second law of thermodynamics within the context of the quantum mechanical wave function collapse. This is so because a quantum mechanical system suddenly seems to undergo, from a less restrictive state constructed from a superposition of eigenstates of a given operator, to a more restrictive state: the collapsed state. This paper is intended to show how this picture turns out to be a misconception and, albeit briefly, furtherly discuss the scope of Max Born’s probabilistic interpretation within the second law of thermodynamics.
Accurate Emotion Detection of Digital Images Using Bezier Curves

Image capturing and detecting the emotions of face that have unconstrained level of problems facing potential applications. There are many efficient approaches for smile detection that differentiates intensity between pixels with grayscale features for face images. The accuracy for picture with pixels will be significantly faster. Thus in our proposed approach we can detect emotions of human from the image with the help of software. First the image will be taken by skin color segmentation and that detects human skin color thus detects the face. Then it segregates eyes and lips from the face. Afterwards it makes Bezier curves for eyes and lips then it compare those images with that already stored on database for each emotion detecting curve possibilities of human face. Then it finds the nearest Bezier curve from database and provides the result as it is stored in Bezier curve emotion as this image's emotion possibility. Thus by using this method emotions expressed by the human face can be detected easily. Accurate result will be produced even for wide image ranges. There is no constraints block for poses given or illumination in the picture. The deformity of any type of emotion is detected at low computational cost.