Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Continuous temperature soundings at the stratosphere and lower mesosphere with a ground-based radiometer considering the Zeeman effect

Abstract. Continuous temperature observations at the stratosphere and lower mesosphere are rare. Radiometry opens the possibility by observing microwave emissions from two oxygen lines to retrieve temperature profiles at all altitudes. In this study, we present observations performed with a temperature radiometer (TEMPERA) at the Meteoswiss station at Payerne for the period from 2014 to 2017. We reanalyzed these observations with a recently developed and improved retrieval algorithm accounting for the Zeeman line splitting in the line center of both oxygen emission lines at 52.5424 and 53.0669 GHz. The new temperature retrievals were validated against MERRA2 reanalysis and the meteorological analysis NAVGEM-HA. The comparison confirmed that the new algorithm yields an increased measurement response up to an altitude of 53–55 km, which extends the altitude coverage by 8–10 km compared to previous retrievals without considering the Zeeman effect. Furthermore, we found correlation coefficients comparing the TEMPERA temperatures with MERRA2 and NAVGEM-HA for monthly mean profiles to be in the range of 0.8–0.96. In addition, mean temperature biases of 1 K and −2 K were found between TEMPERA and both models (MERRA2 and NAVGEM-HA), respectively. We also identified systematic altitude-dependent cold and warm biases compared to both model data sets.
Study on Fault Detection and Diagnosis of the Edge-Transmission Ball Mill System

Pieces of large-scale equipment such as a ball mill system are subjected to heavy and alternate loads under the worst working conditions, which result in higher fault rates. However, since such equipment exerts important functions to the economy and industry, it isn’t recommendable to halt production in order to detect the defects under unconfirmed faults. We explore a reliable and practical fault diagnosis scheme for the ball mill system that is widely used in the building material industry. With utilizing the signal acquisition and process system of vibration, the field testing and analysis are performed based on the violent vibration of an edge-transmission Φ3×11m ball mill system. The primary diagnosis that is based on the configuration of the transmission system and foundation stiffness is found, and a feasible resolution scheme is obtained, so that the optimal and economic reform scheme is determined. The detailed scheme has been adopted by the production industry. This study that is based on the fault diagnosis of the edgetransmission ball mill system has a comprehensive significance of theory and reality. This provides a larger basis for vibration inspection and fault diagnosis in building material industries.
Towards patient‐centred communication in the management of older patients' medications across transitions of care: A focused ethnographic study

Abstract Background Communication about managing medications during transitions of care can be a challenging process for older patients since they often have complex medication regimens. Previous studies highlighted that links between communication breakdowns and medication incidents in older patients occur mainly at discharge or in the post‐discharge period. Little attention has been paid to exploring communication strategies facilitating patient‐centred medication communication at transitions of care from a discourse‐analytic perspective. Objectives To explore, through a discursive lens, strategies that enable patient‐centred medication communication at transitions of care. Design A focused ethnographic study was employed for this study. The study was reported according to the COREQ checklist. Methods Interviews, observations and focus groups were analysed utilising Critical Discourse Analysis and the Medication Communication Model following thematic analysis. Data collection was undertaken in eight wards across two metropolitan hospitals in Australia. Results Patient preferences and beliefs about medications were identified as important characteristics of patient‐centred communication. Strategies included empathetic talk prioritising patients' medication needs and preferences for medications; informative talk clarifying patients' concerns; and encouraging talk for enhancing shared decision‐making with older patients. Challenges relating to the use of these strategies included patients' hearing, speech or cognitive impairments, language barriers and absence of interpreters or family members during care transitions. Relevance to clinical practice To enhance medication communication, nurses, doctors and pharmacists should incorporate older patients' preferences, previous experiences and beliefs, and consider the challenges faced by patients across transitions. Strategies encouraging patients' contribution to decision‐making processes are crucial to patient‐centeredness in medication communication. Nurses need to engage in informative talk more frequently when administering the medications to ensure older patients' understanding of medications prescribed or altered in hospital settings.
Relationships between Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Resting State Functional Connectivity in Patients with Schizophrenia and Healthy Controls: A Preliminary Study

Schizophrenia is widely seen as a disorder of dysconnectivity. Neuroimaging studies have examined both structural and functional connectivity in the disorder, but these modalities have rarely been integrated directly. We scanned 29 patients with schizophrenia and 25 healthy control subjects, and we acquired resting state fMRI and diffusion tensor imaging. We used the Functional and Tractographic Connectivity Analysis Toolbox (FATCAT) to estimate functional and structural connectivity of the default mode network. Correlations between modalities were investigated, and multimodal connectivity scores (MCS) were created using principal component analysis. Of the 28 possible region pairs, 9 showed consistent (>80%) tracts across participants. Correlations between modalities were found among those with schizophrenia for the prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate, and lateral temporal lobes, with frontal and parietal regions, consistent with frontotemporoparietal network involvement in the disorder. In patients, MCS correlated with several aspects of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, with higher multimodal connectivity associated with outward-directed (externalizing) behavior and lower multimodal connectivity related to psychosis per se. In this preliminary sample, we found FATCAT to be a useful toolbox to directly integrate and examine connectivity between imaging modalities. A consideration of conjoint structural and functional connectivity can provide important information about the network mechanisms of schizophrenia.
INFANTILE SPASMS WITH MENTAL RETARDATION

The clinical syndrome of infantile spasms with mental retardation is described in detail in 10 children. Dietary experiments aimed at attempting to gain evidence for the existence of inborn errors of metabolism in these children did not yield positive information. It is suggested that these children may represent a group who suffer from related, but not yet discovered, metabolic abnormalities.
Electrical modelling of carbon nanotube cement-based sensors for structural dynamic monitoring

Some of the authors have recently developed a new nanocomposite cement-based sensor, termed "carbon nanotube cement-based sensor", for applications in vibration-based structural health monitoring of civil structures. The sensor is made of a self-sensing cement paste doped with multi walled carbon nanotubes. The mechanical deformation of this composite material results into a measurable change of its electrical resistance. Previous work was devoted to fabrication, dynamic characterization and to implementation in full-scale structural components. This work addresses electrical modelling of the sensor, and specifically seeks to validate a lumped circuit model for use in dynamic sensing. After a brief overview of carbon nanotube cement-based sensors, the electrical model is presented. Salient parameters of the circuit are identified on sensors with varying electrodes' morphologies. The results indicate that the proposed equivalent circuit model is capable of closely replicating the step response of the senso.
On Missingness Features in Machine Learning Models for Critical Care: Observational Study

Background Missing data in electronic health records is inevitable and considered to be nonrandom. Several studies have found that features indicating missing patterns (missingness) encode useful information about a patient’s health and advocate for their inclusion in clinical prediction models. But their effectiveness has not been comprehensively evaluated. Objective The goal of the research is to study the effect of including informative missingness features in machine learning models for various clinically relevant outcomes and explore robustness of these features across patient subgroups and task settings. Methods A total of 48,336 electronic health records from the 2012 and 2019 PhysioNet Challenges were used, and mortality, length of stay, and sepsis outcomes were chosen. The latter dataset was multicenter, allowing external validation. Gated recurrent units were used to learn sequential patterns in the data and classify or predict labels of interest. Models were evaluated on various criteria and across population subgroups evaluating discriminative ability and calibration. Results Generally improved model performance in retrospective tasks was observed on including missingness features. Extent of improvement depended on the outcome of interest (area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic [AUROC] improved from 1.2% to 7.7%) and even patient subgroup. However, missingness features did not display utility in a simulated prospective setting, being outperformed (0.9% difference in AUROC) by the model relying only on pathological features. This was despite leading to earlier detection of disease (true positives), since including these features led to a concomitant rise in false positive detections. Conclusions This study comprehensively evaluated effectiveness of missingness features on machine learning models. A detailed understanding of how these features affect model performance may lead to their informed use in clinical settings especially for administrative tasks like length of stay prediction where they present the greatest benefit. While missingness features, representative of health care processes, vary greatly due to intra- and interhospital factors, they may still be used in prediction models for clinically relevant outcomes. However, their use in prospective models producing frequent predictions needs to be explored further.
Automatic tuning of optimum PID controllers

The paper first briefly reviews the analytical procedures for obtaining optimum PID controller settings for minimisation of time weighted integral performance criteria. The approach is then used to obtain formulae for setting the controller parameters for a first-order plus dead time plant model which is a common approximation used in the process industries. These results are further extended to obtain two procedures, which can be used with the relay autotuning approach, to find the required controller parameters for optimisation of the integral of time error squared criterion. Good results have been obtained when these criteria are used with other plant models.
Design, analysis and implementation of a buck–boost DC/DC converter

A novel buck–boost converter is presented in this study. This converter is based on Cuk converter. Therefore it inherits all the advantages of Cuk converter such as low output voltage ripple and minimal radio frequency interference. In addition, some implementation problems of KY converters are solved. The proposed converter has higher voltage gain in step-up mode in comparison with Cuk converter. Moreover, this converter expands the continuous conduction mode (CCM) operational region. In the suggested topology, the gate of the switch is referenced to ground, so this converter does not need a floating gate drive. Simulation results of the suggested converter are presented in different operational conditions. To verify the operation of the proposed converter, experimental results are provided using a hardware prototype that operates in both CCM and discontinuous conduction mode.
Direct instantaneous torque control of switched reluctance machines using 4-level converters

Direct instantaneous torque control (DITC) of switched reluctance machines (SRMs) using a novel 4-level converter is presented. The described DITC control strategy proposes detailed torque control regions and suitable control schemes. Using the 4-level converter, DITC can overcome voltage limitation of asymmetric converters and has a fast magnetisation and demagnetisation to improve dynamic performance and efficiency. For integrated advantages of DITC and 4-level converters, a suitable control scheme is described and analysed. Finally, the proposed DITC method of SRM drive systems using the 4-level converter is verified by simulation and comparative experiments.
A dual‐band cross‐coupled oscillator using the varactor‐switching mode technique

A dual‐band cross‐coupled oscillator is proposed to operate at 5 and 9 GHz. The oscillator consists of two cross‐coupled BiCMOS oscillators with shared series‐tuned LC‐tank. In the even‐mode, the series‐tuned LC‐tank takes no part in affecting the oscillation frequency, whereas in the odd‐mode, the series‐tuned LC‐tank plays the role in the oscillation frequency. The proposed oscillator has been implemented with the TSMC 0.18 μm SiGe BiCMOS technology and the core power consumption is 2.6 mW at the supply voltage of 0.7 V. The figure of merit is −192/−190 dBc/Hz at high‐/low‐band. The die area of the dual‐band VCO is 1.04 × 0.755 mm2. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:485–488, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27368
Distributed Adaptive Fixed-Time Fault-Tolerant Control for Multiple 6-DOF UAVs With Full-State Constraints Guarantee

In contrast with most existing results concerning unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) wherein material points or only attitude/longitudinal dynamics are considered, this article proposes a distributed fixed-time fault-tolerant control methodology for networked fixed-wing UAVs whose dynamics are six-degree-of-freedom with twelf-state-variables subject to actuator faults and full-state constraints. More precisely, state transformations with the scaling function are devised to keep the involved velocity and attitude within their corresponding constraints. The fixed-time property is obtained in the sense of guaranteeing that the settling time is lower bounded by a positive constant, which is independent of initial states. The actuator faults as well as the network induced errors are handled via the bound estimation approach and well-defined smooth functions. By strict Lyapunov arguments, all closed-loop signals are proved to be semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded, and the tracking errors of velocity and attitude converge to the residual sets around origin within a fixed time.
Anthropogenic pressures coincide with Neotropical biodiversity hotspots in a flagship butterfly group

The biodiversity crisis has highlighted the need to assess and map biodiversity in order to prioritize conservation efforts. Clearwing butterflies (tribe Ithomiini) have been proposed as biological indicators for habitat quality in Neotropical forests, which contain the world's richest biological communities. Here, we provide maps of different facets of Ithomiini diversity across the Neotropics to identify areas of evolutionary and ecological importance for conservation and evaluate their overlap with current anthropogenic threats.
An Improved Imaging Algorithm for Multi-Receiver SAS System with Wide-Bandwidth Signal

When the multi-receiver synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) works with a wide-bandwidth signal, the performance of the range-Doppler (R-D) algorithm is seriously affected by two approximation errors, i.e., point target reference spectrum (PTRS) error and residual quadratic coupling error. The former is generated by approximating the PTRS with the second-order term in terms of the instantaneous frequency. The latter is caused by neglecting the cross-track variance of secondary range compression (SRC). In order to improve the imaging performance in the case of wide-bandwidth signals, an improved R-D algorithm is proposed in this paper. With our method, the multi-receiver SAS data is first preprocessed based on the phase center approximation (PCA) method, and the monostatic equivalent data are obtained. Then several sub-blocks are generated in the cross-track dimension. Within each sub-block, the PTRS error and residual quadratic coupling error based on the center range of each sub-block are compensated. After this operation, all sub-blocks are coerced into a new signal, which is free of both approximation errors. Consequently, this new data is used as the input of the traditional R-D algorithm. The processing results of simulated data and real data show that the traditional R-D algorithm is just suitable for an SAS system with a narrow-bandwidth signal. The imaging performance would be seriously distorted when it is applied to an SAS system with a wide-bandwidth signal. Based on the presented method, the SAS data in both cases can be well processed. The imaging performance of the presented method is nearly identical to that of the back-projection (BP) algorithm.
Experiments on the interface between germanium and an electrolyte

Measurements have been made of the electrode potential of p- and n-type germanium in contact with aqueous solutions of KOH, KCl and HCl as a function of anodic and cathodic current and of incident light intensity. For anodic currents, the measured electrode potential can be separated into three parts: the reversible electrode potential corresponding to the anodic reaction, depending only on the solution; an overvoltage of the usual form; and a term (kT/e) ln (p 1 /p), where p is the equilibrium hole concentration and p 1 is the concentration just inside the space-charge region of the germanium. The anodic current is determined by flow of holes to the surface, so that the current saturates for n-type germanium but not for p-type. The saturation current is determined by body and surface generation of holes and by creation of excess holes by light. There is a current gain of 1.4 to 1.8. In addition, there is a small “leakage” current not dependent on hole supply. Similar statements may be made for cathodic current, except that the electrode potential and current are determined respectively by the concentration and supply of electrons instead of holes, the current gain is of the order of unity, and the leakage current is larger. Complicating time changes were observed for cathodic but not for anodic currents. The measurements may be understood in terms of simple thermodynamic considerations, based on the idea that the anodic reaction is with holes, the cathodic reaction with electrons, in the semiconductor; the behavior for very small currents depends on a competition between the anodic and cathodic reactions, which may be treated by simple rate process considerations. A comparison is made with experiments on the germanium-gas interface by Brattain and Bardeen, to which similar considerations may apply.
Properties of SiO2 electret films charged by ion implantation for MEMS-based energy harvesting systems

This paper presents the results of charging SiO2 thin film electret by ion implantation. A maximum charge density of 16 mC m−2 has been shown using 500 nm thermal oxide. Charge is reproducible and stable in time. Two types of ions were used for ion implantation: phosphorus (P+) and boron (B+). Directly after implantation, it was found that charging with B+ resulted in more stable surface potential compared to charging with P+, but after 50 days the difference is negligible. The extrapolated long-term stability of SiO2 electrets charged by ion implantation is around 1 year. SiO2 is a promising electret for energy harvesting, which can be charged in a reproducible and stable way by ion implantation. The results are compared to corona charging of SiO2. The developed process can be used to realize vibration-based capacitive energy harvester systems using CMOS-compatible processes.
Advanced force-feedback solutions and their application to space programs

In this paper, we describe how the emergence of industrial applications of haptic technologies, and more specifically of force-feedback devices, opens new perspectives for space programs. First, we describe recent breakthroughs of forcefeedback solutions for interaction with the digital mock-up in Virtual Reality. We present the principles of forcefeedback, starting with remote manipulation such as in the nuclear industry, and following with interactive real-time physic simulation in a CAD environment. Then, we explain how those solutions help reduce design time and costs, and improve quality and maintainability of the future products. We give precise examples and success stories coming from major European automotive and aerospace manufacturers, outlining the benefits as reported by the users. Finally, we focus on potential applications to the space programs.
A wide input amplitude range, highly efficient rectifier for low power energy harvesting systems

: We report, in this paper, a highly eﬃcient CMOS rectiﬁer for low power energy harvesting system. By using full bridge structure and a novel active diode, the rectiﬁer can work at a wide range of input voltage amplitudes of 0.45V up to 1.8V under a standard 0.18 μ m CMOS process. A comparator that consists of common-gate stage and control stage is designed to control the switch of the active diode. The proposed rectiﬁer can achieve a peak voltage conversion eﬃciency of over 96% and a power eﬃciency over 90%. Simulated power consumption of the rectiﬁer is 264.35nW at 500mV, which is much smaller than the best recently published results.
Rates of Radiative and Convective Heat Transfer in a Cabin Fire

As a contribution to the recent debate [1-5] on the "cabins" con cept, formal analysis of heat transfer in a cabin fire is performed. It is shown that under conditions approaching those required for flashover only about a third of the heat transfer is convective, the remainder being radiative.
Capacitor current feedback pulse train control technique for switching DC-DC converters

A capacitor current feedback pulse train (CCF-PT) control technique for switching DC–DC converters is proposed and applied to the control of a buck converter operating in continuous conduction mode (CCM). The analysis and experimental results show that the CCF-PT control technique can effectively eliminate the low-frequency oscillation phenomenon that exists in conventional pulse train (PT)-controlled CCM switching DC–DC converters.
Different Controlling Methods And PID Controller Design For Magnetic Levitation System

The main aspect in magnetic levitation systems are controlling the parameters by using the different controlling methods. Magnetic levitation system is used to levitate object by using attraction force or repulsive force between magnetic force and ferromagnetic material. The levitation of an object is possible using a control system to help stabilize the magnetic force. This report discussed on modelling and control of the magnetic levitation system. The magnetic suspension systems are based on maglev trains classified in two classes: electrodynamic suspension(EDS) and electromagnetic suspension(EMS it may be difficult to design a linear controller which gives satisfactory performance, stability, and disturbance rejection over a wide range of operating points. in this paper PID controller based on discontinuous mathematical model of the system for an electromagnetic suspension system which is applied in magnetic trains has been designed .