Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Approximate Expectation Propagation Detector With Block-Diagonal Neumann-Series

Expectation propagation (EP) achieves near-optimal performance for large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (L-MIMO) detection, however, at the expense of unaffordable matrix inversions. To tackle the issue, several low-complexity EP detectors have been proposed. However, they all fail to exploit the properties of channel matrices, thus resulting in unsatisfactory performance in non-ideal scenarios. To this end, in this paper, a block-diagonal Neumann-series-based expectation propagation approximation (BD-NS-EPA) algorithm is proposed, which is applicable for both ideal uncorrelated channels and the correlated channels with multiple-antenna user equipment system. First, a block-diagonal-based Neumann iteration is employed, which skillfully exerts the main information of the channels while reducing computational cost. An adjustable sorting message updating scheme then is introduced to reduce the update of redundant nodes during iterations. Numerical results show that, for $128\times 32$ MIMO with the non-ideal channel, the proposed algorithm exhibits 0.3 dB away from the original EP when bit error-rate (BER) $=10^{-3}$ , at the cost of mere 3% normalized complexity. The implementation results on SMIC 65-nm CMOS technology suggest that the proposed detector can achieve 1.252 Gbps/W and 0.275 Mbps/kGE hardware efficiency, further demonstrating that the proposed detectors can achieve a good trade-off between error-rate performance and hardware efficiency.
Validación y verificación de requisitos de software en proyectos basados en desarrollo continuo usando técnicas de PLN

El ciclo de vida de un proyecto de software parte de la gestión adecuada de sus requisitos, siendo esta un área de conocimiento que reúne las actividades de levantamiento, análisis, especificación, validación y administración de estos durante todo el ciclo de desarrollo. La especificación básica de requisitos, expresada en lenguaje natural, es transformada a lo largo del ciclo de desarrollo en artefactos que finalmente son desplegados y puestos en funcionamiento como producto. Un problema identificado en la ingeniería de software es la no correspondencia entre los requisitos funcionales especificados para el producto y las características que son finalmente incorporadas en el producto final. Es decir, la no correspondencia entre lo deseado, lo esperado y lo finalmente alcanzado en el proceso de instanciación. Entre otros contextos, en la instanciación de arquitecturas de microservicios de software (MSA), se ha extendido el uso de desarrollo continuo (DC), como un proceso iterativo de desarrollo de aplicaciones que incluye Integración continua (IC), entrega continua, pruebas continuas (TC) y despliegue continuo. Este escenario facilita acompañar el ciclo de desarrollo con una verificación y validación continua de la transformación de los requisitos funcionales en cada etapa del proceso, hasta quedar completamente incorporados en el producto entregado. En la formulación precisa del requisito que lo haga rastreable, comprobable y verificable, es crucial poder hacer el seguimiento de este durante todas las etapas del desarrollo, garantizando el mejoramiento de las condiciones de calidad del producto. Se plantea el uso de técnicas de procesamiento de lenguaje natural (PLN), enriquecidas con modelos de dominio, para hacer el seguimiento, validación y verificación de cada requisito funcional. Asimismo, se han identificado algunos vacíos en el conocimiento como: el problema de generalización de dominio basado en una frontera lingüística, la limitación de la investigación en contextos específicos de dominio, y el acceso a datos de dominio limitado. Paralelamente, la industria ha presentado la necesidad de hacer rastreo del requisito desde su levantamiento hasta la etapa de testeo. Las nuevas tendencias de la industria, exigen la eficiencia de los equipos desarrolladores, esta es la razón por la que las metodologías ágiles han cobrado protagonismo a la par del desarrollo continuo; es así como objetivo de este trabajo está direccionado hacia la búsqueda del enriquecimiento de las técnicas estadísticas en el PLN a través de un sistema de reglas de dominio que permita no solo la formulación precisa, minimizando las ambigüedades del lenguaje natural; sino la automatización a través de la creación de artefactos que permitan hacer el rastreo del requisito en todas las etapas del desarrollo aportando de esta manera a una posible solución en el tratamiento de estos en la práctica de la Ingeniería de Software.
Less Is More: Adaptive Trainable Gradient Dropout for Deep Neural Networks

The undeniable computational power of artificial neural networks has granted the scientific community the ability to exploit the available data in ways previously inconceivable. However, deep neural networks require an overwhelming quantity of data in order to interpret the underlying connections between them, and therefore, be able to complete the specific task that they have been assigned to. Feeding a deep neural network with vast amounts of data usually ensures efficiency, but may, however, harm the network’s ability to generalize. To tackle this, numerous regularization techniques have been proposed, with dropout being one of the most dominant. This paper proposes a selective gradient dropout method, which, instead of relying on dropping random weights, learns to freeze the training process of specific connections, thereby increasing the overall network’s sparsity in an adaptive manner, by driving it to utilize more salient weights. The experimental results show that the produced sparse network outperforms the baseline on numerous image classification datasets, and additionally, the yielded results occurred after significantly less training epochs.
Lensless Short-Range Reflection-Mode Imaging at 275 GHz Using CMOS Concurrent Transceivers

Lensless short-range reflection-mode imaging through a cardboard cover is demonstrated at 275 GHz using a pair of concurrent complimentary metal–oxide–semiconductor transceiver pixels separated by ∼5 mm on a printed circuit board (PCB). This is the first such demonstration at frequencies above 100 GHz. The separation between the imaged object and pixels is ∼1 cm and the operation at 275 GHz allows the lateral resolution to be reduced to ∼2 mm due to a smaller wavelength. A concurrent transceiver pixel incorporating a transmitter with an effective isotropic radiated power of −18.9 dBm and a receiver with a double sideband noise figure of ∼51 dB in an area of 0.45 × 0.49 mm2 is used. The reflected signals from a target must be greater than the transmitted signal directly coupled to the receiver, and this isolation between the transmitter and receiver limits the imager range and contrast. Full-wave electromagnetic simulations (ANSYS high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS)) of a PCB with a transmit and receive rectangular patch antenna with a separation of ∼5 mm show that ∼65 dB isolation at 275 GHz can be achieved. This should be sufficient to image a target with a radar cross section of 2 mm × 2 mm with a reflection coefficient of 0.1 that is 1-cm away. This work points to a path for incorporation of millimeter and submillimeter wave imaging in a handheld device.
Detectie van microholten in trekstaven

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Cholesterol Redistribution in Pancreatic β-Cells: A Flexible Path to Regulate Insulin Secretion

Pancreatic β-cells, by secreting insulin, play a key role in the control of glucose homeostasis, and their dysfunction is the basis of diabetes development. The metabolic milieu created by high blood glucose and lipids is known to play a role in this process. In the last decades, cholesterol has attracted significant attention, not only because it critically controls β-cell function but also because it is the target of lipid-lowering therapies proposed for preventing the cardiovascular complications in diabetes. Despite the remarkable progress, understanding the molecular mechanisms responsible for cholesterol-mediated β-cell function remains an open and attractive area of investigation. Studies indicate that β-cells not only regulate the total cholesterol level but also its redistribution within organelles, a process mediated by vesicular and non-vesicular transport. The aim of this review is to summarize the most current view of how cholesterol homeostasis is maintained in pancreatic β-cells and to provide new insights on the mechanisms by which cholesterol is dynamically distributed among organelles to preserve their functionality. While cholesterol may affect virtually any activity of the β-cell, the intent of this review is to focus on early steps of insulin synthesis and secretion, an area still largely unexplored.
The prevalence of common mental health problems and associated psychosocial issues in elite swimmers

Abstract. Introduction: The mental health of elite athletes has been recognised as of great importance. There have been relatively few studies examining the prevalence of mental health problems in swimmers. None have commented on the range of psychosocial problems associated with mental ill-health. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of common mental health problems and psychosocial problems in elite swimmers. Methods: The study was conducted on a national swimming squad competing at the international level. All athletes (n=55) were invited to participate. The response rate was 63.3% (n=36). The study was cross-sectional in design. Data was collected using a battery of psychometric tests yielding information on distress (The Distress Screener), anxiety and depression (PHQ-9, K10), sleep disturbance (PROMIS scale), alcohol consumption (AUDIT-C), smoking behaviour, adverse nutrition behaviour, career satisfaction (Career Satisfaction Scale) and mental toughness (Mental Toughness Index). Results: The prevalence of depression was 14% (n=5). Six percent (n=2) reported suicidal ideation in the last 2 weeks. Fourteen percent met criteria for distress. There were positive correlations between depression and sleep disturbance ( r=.343, p<.05), between anxiety/depression and distress ( r=.380, p<.05), and between depression and distress ( r=.531, p<.01). Career dissatisfaction was identified in 46% of participants and was inversely correlated with mental toughness ( r=.485, p<.01). Low mental toughness and adverse alcohol use were identified in 37% and 23% of participants, respectively. Conclusions: Elite swimmers experience common mental illnesses and associated psychosocial problems. There is a relationship between career dissatisfaction and low mental toughness. Sport governing bodies should assess their own athlete populations and implement programmes to support mental health.
Current Role of Delta Radiomics in Head and Neck Oncology

The latest developments in the management of head and neck cancer show an increasing trend in the implementation of novel approaches using artificial intelligence for better patient stratification and treatment-related risk evaluation. Radiomics, or the extraction of data from various imaging modalities, is a tool often used to evaluate specific features related to the tumour or normal tissue that are not identifiable by the naked eye and which can add value to existing clinical data. Furthermore, the assessment of feature variations from one time point to another based on subsequent images, known as delta radiomics, was shown to have even higher value for treatment-outcome prediction or patient stratification into risk categories. The information gathered from delta radiomics can, further, be used for decision making regarding treatment adaptation or other interventions found to be beneficial to the patient. The aim of this work is to collate the existing studies on delta radiomics in head and neck cancer and evaluate its role in tumour response and normal-tissue toxicity predictions alike. Moreover, this work also highlights the role of holomics, which brings under the same umbrella clinical and radiomic features, for a more complex patient characterization and treatment optimisation.
Graphical Presentation of a Basketball Game

Abstract A graphical summary of the scoring activity for a basketball game is presented. The summary is a real-time plot of the score difference versus the elapsed time. In contrast to the usual score by quarters (or by half in college play), the graph easily allows complete identification of items of interest, such as largest leads, lead changes, come-from-behind activity, and percentage of game time for which a particular team of interest held a lead. The technique is applied to professional and collegiate games, and several interesting features are noted.
Improving organic transistor performance with Schottky contacts

Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) with non-Ohmic contacts, e.g., pentacene with gold electrodes, exhibit a linearly growing threshold voltage with increased film thickness due to tunnel injection [R. Schroeder et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 3201 (2003)]. In this letter, we demonstrate gold/pentacene OFETs with a low threshold voltage independent of pentacene thickness. By doping the pentacene in the contact area with FeCl3 (iron-III-chloride), the metal-insulator-type tunneling barrier was changed to a metal-semiconductor Schottky barrier. Since the injection through a Schottky barrier depends on the potential and not on the electric field, the threshold voltage is no longer a function of the semiconductor thickness. Through selective doping of the area under the electrode, the channel remains undoped, and large on/off ratios are retained.
Low-Frequency Noise and Border Traps in Irradiated nMOS and pMOS Bulk Si FinFETs With SiO2/HfO2 Gate Dielectrics

The temperature dependence of low-frequency noise is investigated from 80 to 320 K for nMOS and pMOS bulk Si FinFETs with SiO2/HfO2 gate dielectrics. Both types of devices show excellent stability during bias-temperature stress and high total-ionizing dose (TID) irradiation. nMOSFET 1/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f$ </tex-math></inline-formula> noise generally decreases as measuring temperature increases, with three prominent individual defect-related peaks. These peaks in noise magnitude are most likely due to hydrogen shuttling near the interface and/or O vacancies in the HfO2. In contrast, the 1/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f$ </tex-math></inline-formula> noise in pMOSFETs generally increases with increasing temperature without prominent peaks in noise magnitude. The gate-voltage dependence of low-frequency noise also is evaluated at different temperatures for both device types. Results confirm that the nMOS devices have effective border-trap energy distributions that are nonuniform and generally increase toward midgap, and the pMOS devices have more uniform defect-energy distributions that increase monotonically toward the valence band.
The Luminescence Hypothesis of Olfaction

A new hypothesis for the mechanism of olfaction is presented. It begins with an odorant molecule binding to an olfactory receptor. This is followed by the quantum biology event of inelastic electron tunneling as has been suggested with both the vibration and swipe card theories. It is novel in that it is not concerned with the possible effects of the tunneled electrons as has been discussed with the previous theories. Instead, the high energy state of the odorant molecule in the receptor following inelastic electron tunneling is considered. The hypothesis is that, as the high energy state decays, there is fluorescence luminescence with radiative emission of multiple photons. These photons pass through the supporting sustentacular cells and activate a set of olfactory neurons in near-simultaneous timing, which provides the temporal basis for the brain to interpret the required complex combinatorial coding as an odor. The Luminescence Hypothesis of Olfaction is the first to present the necessity of or mechanism for a 1:3 correspondence of odorant molecule to olfactory nerve activations. The mechanism provides for a consistent and reproducible time-based activation of sets of olfactory nerves correlated to an odor. The hypothesis has a biological precedent: an energy feasibility assessment is included, explaining the anosmia seen with COVID-19, and can be confirmed with existing laboratory techniques.
Doctoral Programs in Entrepreneurship: Building Cognitive Apprenticeships

This paper applies a supply-side perspective to entrepreneurship education research and explores the socialization process for students in entrepreneurship doctoral programs in the United States (US). It presents the challenges facing higher education regarding how academia prepares future professors to teach. The paper proceeds to build a new model by integrating concepts of cognitive apprenticeship with theories of socialization and considers how it can be used to address these concerns. Our research questions explore different types and stages of socialization, and our theory development presents a combined framework integrating socialization with cognitive apprenticeship. The paper then introduces the methodology for the study, a tripartite design that uses marketing documents/websites, as well as behavioral event and perception interviews. It discusses the results of the data as they relate to an ideal cognitive apprenticeship model. The work illustrates that there is much to do to improve educator development in doctoral programs. We discuss the conceptual contributions of our work illustrating the value of our model in entrepreneurship education, as well as highlighting its value in other research contexts. Seven recommendations are presented, intended to help enhance the way US programs in entrepreneurship embed the cognitive apprenticeship of educators into the learning process for future professors. Our primary contribution is to demonstrate how a cognitive apprenticeship model can be used to address entrepreneurship educator development concerns in doctoral programs, while avoiding significant changes or unreasonable investments in existing programs.
Vanishing Contagion?

This Policy Discussion Paper should not be reported as representing the views of the IMF. The views expressed in this Policy Discussion Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Policy Discussion Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to further debate. While a number of emerging market crises were characterized by widespread contagion during the 1990s, more recent crises (notably, in Argentina) have been mostly contained within national borders. This has led some observers to wonder whether contagion might have become a feature of the past, with markets now better discriminating between countries with good and bad fundamentals. This paper argues that a prudent working assumption is that contagion has not vanished permanently. Available data do not seem to point to a disappearance of the main channels that contribute to transmitting crises across countries. Moreover, anticipation of the Argentine crisis by international investors may help explain the recent absence of contagion. JEL Classification Numbers: F02, F15, F36
Below band‐gap electroabsorption in bulk semi‐insulating GaAs

Electroabsorption measurements of bulk semi‐insulating GaAs using a pulsed applied voltage are presented for the wavelength range 890–920 nm and compared with results of the same measurement using a dc applied voltage. In the latter case, field inhomogeneities in the GaAs gives a spatially dependent absorption which thwarts extraction of the absorption coefficient versus electric field. We circumvent this problem by transiently measuring the absorption during a pulsed bias voltage when the field in the sample is nearly uniform.
A Note on Estimation of Parameters for Branching Processes with Immigration

It is proved that under certain conditions the conditional least-squares estimator of the offspring mean for a sequence of nearly critical Jiřina processes with immigration is consistent but not asymptotically normal and the conditional least-squares estimator of the immigration mean is not consistent. These results differ from the existing results in the case where the initial values are zero (see Ispány et al., 2005).
Canonical signed digit representation for FIR digital filters

It is shown that the use of a canonical signed digit (CSD) representation of the filter coefficients can significantly reduce the complexity of the hardware implementation of digital FIR filters. This paper presents an example filter design that shows the error involved in limiting the number of allowable non-zero CSD coefficients for a real FIR bandpass filter. If not done carefully, brute force limiting can lead to large errors in the frequency response. The error is evaluated for varying numbers of non-zero CSD coefficients. Lastly, a system level architecture with a multiplier utilizing the properties of the CSD number representation system is proposed.
Reflection and transmission of electromagnetic waves by a dielectric medium moving in an arbitrary direction

The problem of reflection and transmission of an electromagnetic wave by a dielectric medium moving uniformly in an arbitrary direction is analyzed in detail. The expressions for wave four vectors, the modified law of reflection and Snell’s law, the reflected and transmitted wave field vectors, and the reflection and transmission coefficients are presented as the general solution for the problem. These expressions cover all the cases of arbitrary velocities of the moving medium and reduce to the results given previously by other authors for the particular cases of v=vx, v=vy, v=vz, and v=vxx+vyŷ.
Surface flow and vortex shedding of an impulsively started wing

The particle tracking flow visualization method (PTFV) and particle image velocimetry (PIV) are used to obtain a clear picture of vortex evolution on the suction surface of an impulsively started NACA 0012 wing. The experiments are conducted in a towing water tank. The formation, evolution, and shedding of the vortex system on the suction surface are observed and analysed by streak pictures of particle images. Five characteristic vortex evolution regimes are identified in the parameter domain of angle of attack and chord Reynolds number. The pathline patterns, instantaneous streamlines, and vorticity of various vortex evolution processes are presented. Stable vortex shedding in the wake is eventually established after the initial period of complex vortex evolution on the suction surface of the wing. Various types of instabilities in the wake, e.g. instability wave, surface vortex shedding, and bluff-body vortex shedding, are found to correspond to different evolution processes of the surface flow. The shedding frequency of the vortices is correlated and compared with several conventional results. Topological critical points, separatrices, and alleyways are identified and discussed to elucidate the unsteady structure of the instantaneous streamline patterns. The topological rule for the number of singular points is verified.
Frequency control of pulsed optical parametric oscillators

This paper reviews the basic properties of tunable pulsed BBO-OPOs. The different techniques used to obtain narrowband operation are discussed. The principle of injection seeding is explained and experimental and numerical investigations with a short-cavity OPO are presented. The spectral and output characteristics of a pulsed single-mode OPO system are reported which is tunable over the range 420 - 4000 nm.