Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Magellan uniform survey of damped Lyman α systems – I. Cosmic metallicity evolution

We present the chemical abundance measurements of the first large, medium-resolution, uniformly selected damped Lyman- system (DLA) survey. The sample contains 99 DLAs towards 89 quasars selected from the SDSS DR5 DLA sample in a uniform way. We analyze the metallicities and kinematic diagnostics, including the velocity width of 90% of the optical depth, v90, and the equivalent widths of the Siii 1526 (W 1526), Civ 1548 and Mgii 2796 transitions. To avoid strong line-saturation e ects on the metallicities measured in medium-resolution spectra (FWHM 71 km s 1 ), we derived metallicities from metal transitions which absorbed at most 35 % of the quasar continuum flux. We find the evolution in cosmic mean metallicity of the sample,hZi = ( 0.04 0.13)z (1.06 0.36), consistent with no evolution over the redshift range z [2:2; 4:4], but note that the majority of our sample falls at z [2:2; 3:5]. The apparent lack of metallicity evolution with redshift is also seen in a lack of evolution in the median v90 and W 1526 values. While this result may seem to conflict with other large surveys that have detected significant metallicity evolution, such as Rafelski et al. (2012) who foundhZi = ( 0.22 0.03)z (0.65 0.09) over z [0; 5], several tests show that these surveys are not inconsistent with our new result. However, over the smaller redshift range covered by our uniformly-selected sample, the true evolution of the cosmic mean metallicity in DLAs may be somewhat flatter than the Rafelski et al. (2012) estimate.
A SCORE TEST FOR SEASONAL FRACTIONAL INTEGRATION AND COINTEGRATION

This paper develops a time domain score statistic for testing fractional integration at zero and seasonal frequencies in quarterly time series models. Further, it introduces the notion of fractional cointegration at different frequencies between two seasonally integrated, I(1) series. In testing problems involving seasonal fractional cointegration, it is argued that the alternative hypothesis is one-sided for which the usual score test may not be appropriate. Therefore, based on ideas in Silvapulle and Silvapulle (1995), a one-sided score statistic is constructed. A simulation study finds that the score statistic generally has desirable size and power properties in moderately sized samples. The score test is applied to the quarterly Australian consumption function. The income and consumption series are found to be I(1) at zero and seasonal frequencies and these two series are not cointegrated at any frequency.
Measuring Socially Appropriate Social Preferences

This paper extends the literature on structural estimation of social preferences to account for the desire to adhere to social norms and hide one’s true intentions via moral wiggle room. We conduct an experiment to test whether accounting for normatively appropriate behavior allows us to distinguish between preference types who care about outcomes versus adhering to social norms and whether the introduction of moral wiggle room undermines the stability of social preference estimates. We ﬁnd that social preference estimates are remarkably robust to the inclusion of moral wiggle room. However, the representative agent is strongly motivated by norms and failing to account for this motive in our model causes us to overestimate how much agents care about helping those who are worse o ↵ . Using ﬁnite mixture models to endogenously identify latent preference types, we replicate previous work ﬁnding that the majority of subjects can be classiﬁed as strong or moderate altruists when normative concerns are not considered. Accounting for the normative appropriateness of decisions when categorizing participants, however, reveals di ↵ erent motives across types: strong altruists are only marginally concerned with norms while the moderate altruists are highly sensitive to them and, once norms are taken into account, don’t care at all about the outcomes of others. Our results thus recast the prior ﬁndings in a new light. Rather than the two most common types being strong altruists and moderate altruists, we ﬁnd that they are better described as strong altruists and norm followers.
Computed laminography and reconstruction algorithm

Computed laminography (CL) is an alternative to computed tomography if large objects are to be inspected with high resolution. This is especially true for planar objects. In this paper, we set up a new scanning geometry for CL, and study the algebraic reconstruction technique (ART) for CL imaging. We compare the results of ART with variant weighted functions by computer simulation with a digital phantom. It proves that ART algorithm is a good choice for the CL system.
ORBITAL PARAMETERS FOR THE TWO YOUNG BINARIES VSB 111 AND VSB 126

We report orbital parameters for two low-mass, pre-main-sequence, double-lined spectroscopic binaries: VSB 111 and VSB 126. These systems were originally identified as single-lined on the basis of visible-light observations. We obtained high-resolution infrared spectra with the 10 m Keck II telescope, detected absorption lines of the secondary stars, and measured radial velocities of both components in the systems. The visible-light spectra were obtained with the 1.5 m Wyeth reflector at the Oak Ridge Observatory, the 1.5 m Tillinghast reflector at the F. L. Whipple Observatory, and the 4.5 m equivalent Multiple Mirror Telescope. The combination of our visible and infrared observations of VSB 111 leads to a period of 902.1 ± 0.9 days, an eccentricity of 0.788 ± 0.008, and a mass ratio of 0.52 ± 0.05. VSB 126 has a period of 12.9244 ± 0.0002 days, an eccentricity of 0.18 ± 0.02, and a mass ratio of 0.29 ± 0.02. Visible-light photometry, using the 0.8 m telescope at Lowell Observatory, provided rotation periods for the primary stars in both systems: 3.74 ± 0.02 days for VSB 111 and 5.71 ± 0.07 days for VSB 126. Both binaries are located in the young, active star-forming cluster NGC 2264 at a distance of ∼800 pc. The difference in the center-of-mass velocities of the two systems is consistent with the radial velocity gradient seen across NGC 2264. To test the evolutionary models for accuracy and consistency, we compare the stellar properties derived from several sets of theoretical calculations for pre-main-sequence evolution with our dynamical results.
Intrinsically Stretchable and Non‐Halogenated Solvent Processed Polymer Solar Cells Enabled by Hydrophilic Spacer‐Incorporated Polymers

Blends of polymer donors (PDs) and small molecule acceptors (SMAs) have afforded highly efficient polymer solar cells (PSCs). However, most of the efficient PSCs are processed using toxic halogenated solvents, and they are mechanically fragile. Here, a new series of PDs by incorporating a hydrophilic oligo(ethylene glycol) flexible spacer (OEG‐FS) is developed, and efficient PSCs with a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.74% processed by a non‐halogenated solvent are demonstrated. Importantly, the incorporation of these OEG‐FSs into the PDs significantly increases the mechanical robustness and ductility of resulting PSCs, making them suitable for application as stretchable devices. The OEG‐FS alleviates excessive backbone rigidity of the PDs while enhancing their pre‐aggregation in the non‐halogenated solvent. In addition, the OEG‐FS in the PDs enhances PD‐SMA interfacial interactions and improves blend morphology, resulting in efficient charge generation and mechanical stress dissipation. The resulting PSCs demonstrate a superior PCE (17.74%) and high crack‐onset strain (COS = 10.50%), outperforming the PSCs without OEG (PCE = 15.64% and COS = 2.99%). Importantly, intrinsically stretchable (IS) PSCs containing the PD featuring OEG‐FS exhibit a high PCE (12.05%) and stretchability (maintaining 80% of the initial PCE after 22% strain), demonstrating their viability for wearable applications.
Fluid/gravity correspondence: A nonconformal realization in compactified D4 branes

We develop the framework of boundary derivative expansion (BDE) formalism of fluid/gravity correspondence in a compactified D4-brane system, which is a nonconformal background used in top-down holographic QCD models. Such models contain the D4-D6 model and the Sakai-Sugimoto (SS) model, with the background of the compactified black D4 branes under the near-horizon limit. By using the dimensional reduction technique, we derive a 5D Einstein gravity minimally coupled with three scalar fields from the 10D D4-brane background. Following the BDE formalism of fluid/gravity correspondence in the conformal background, we directly derive all the first order transport coefficients for nonconformal gluonic matter. The results of the ratio of the bulk to shear viscosity and the sound speed agree with those obtained from the Green-Kubo method. This agreement guarantees the validity of the BDE formalism of fluid/gravity duality in the nonconformal D-brane background, which can be used to calculate the second order transport coefficients in nonconformal background.
Geodesic congruences in warped spacetimes

In this article, we explore the kinematics of timelike geodesic congruences in warped five-dimensional bulk spacetimes, with and without thick or thin branes. Beginning with geodesic flows in the Randall-Sundrum anti-de Sitter geometry without and with branes, we find analytical expressions for the expansion scalar and comment on the effects of including thin branes on its evolution. Later, we move on to congruences in more general warped bulk geometries with a cosmological thick brane and a time-dependent extra dimensional scale. Using analytical expressions for the velocity field, we interpret the expansion, shear and rotation (ESR) along the flows, as functions of the extra dimensional coordinate. The evolution of a cross-sectional area orthogonal to the congruence, as seen from a local observer's point of view, is also shown graphically. Finally, the Raychaudhuri and geodesic equations in backgrounds with a thick brane are solved numerically in order to figure out the role of initial conditions (prescribed on the ESR) and spacetime curvature on the evolution of the ESR.
Parameter space in Galileon gravity models

We present the first constraints on the full parameter space of the Galileon modified gravity model, considering both the cosmological parameters and the coefficients which specify the additional terms in the Lagrangian due to the Galileon field, which we call the Galileon parameters. We use the latest cosmic microwave background measurements, along with distance measurements from supernovae and baryonic acoustic oscillations, performing a Monte Carlo Markov Chain exploration of the nine-dimensional parameter space. The integrated Sachs-Wolfe signal can be very different in Galileon models compared to standard gravity, making it essential to use the full cosmic microwave background data rather than the cosmic microwave background distance priors. We demonstrate that meaningful constraints are only possible in the Galileon parameter space after taking advantage of a scaling degeneracy. We find that the Galileon model can fit the Wilkinson microwave anisotropy probe 9-year results better than the standard Λ-cold dark matter model, but gives a slightly worse fit overall once lower redshift distance measurements are included. The best-fitting cosmological parameters (e.g., matter density, scalar spectral index, fluctuation amplitude) can differ by more than 2σ in the Galileon model compared with ΛCDM. We highlight other potential constraints of the Galileon model using galaxy clustering and weak lensing measurements.
ON QUANTUM SPECIAL KÄHLER GEOMETRY

We compute the effective black hole potential VBH of the most general , d = 4 (local) special Kahler geometry with quantum perturbative corrections, consistent with axion-shift Peccei–Quinn symmetry and with cubic leading order behavior. We determine the charge configurations supporting axion-free attractors, and explain the differences among various configurations in relations to the presence of "flat" directions of VBH at its critical points. Furthermore, we elucidate the role of the sectional curvature at the nonsupersymmetric critical points of VBH, and compute the Riemann tensor (and related quantities), as well as the so-called E-tensor. The latter expresses the nonsymmetricity of the considered quantum perturbative special Kahler geometry.
Do All Languages Share the Same Conceptual Structure?

In this work, we consider the views of three exponents of major areas of linguistics – Levelt (psycholinguistics), Jackendoff (theoretical linguistics), and Gil (field linguistics) – regarding the issue of the universality or not of the conceptual structure of languages. In Levelt’s view, during language production, the conceptual structure of the preverbal message is language-specific. In Jackendoff’s theoretical approach to language – his parallel architecture – there is a universal conceptual structure shared by all languages, in contradiction to Levelt’s view. In Gil’s work on Riau Indonesian, he proposes a conceptual structure that is quite different from that of English, adopted by Jackendoff as universal. We find no reason to disagree with Gil’s view. In this way, we take Gil’s work as vindicating Levelt’s view that during language production preverbal messages are encoded with different conceptual structures for different languages.
Signatures of magnetospheric injections in Saturn's aurora

We report on the evolution of auroral structures based on two 3 h sequences of Saturn's northern hemisphere obtained with the UVIS instrument on board Cassini, and we discuss their possible association with injections in the magnetosphere of Saturn. Simultaneously with the UV auroral structures, we observe Energetic Neutral Atom (ENA) enhancements which are indicative of a rotating heated plasma region possibly related to magnetospheric injections. We examine the possibility that the UV auroral structures reported here are triggered by energetic particle injections by investigating (a) the evolution of the longitudinal extent of an injection and (b) its energy density, properties that change with time due to dispersion and ion/electron losses. We simulate the auroral counterpart of an injection considering that the precipitating energy flux could be provided to the ionosphere by pitch angle diffusion and electron scattering by whistler‐mode waves. We compare the brightness and size evolution of the simulated ionospheric signature with the observed values, and we demonstrate that the UV auroral structure behaves as an auroral signature of an injection. This comparative study defines characteristics of the injections such as the spectral index and the electron energy range as well as the magnetospheric corotation rate. Additionally, based on the simultaneous ENA‐UV emissions, we discuss the possibility that pitch angle diffusion and electron scattering may not be the only mechanism responsible for the observed auroral emissions. Field‐aligned currents driven by the pressure gradients along the boundaries of the injected hot plasma cloud could be also considered to play a role on how injections create auroral emissions at Saturn.
On rates of supernovae strongly lensed by galactic haloes in Millennium Simulation

We make use of publicly available results from N-body Millennium Simulation to create mock samples of lensed supernovae type Ia and core-collapse. Simulating galaxy-galaxy lensing we derive the rates of lensed supernovae and find than at redshifts higher that 0.5 about 0.06 per cent of supernovae will be lensed by a factor two or more. Future wide field surveys like Gaia or LSST should be able to detect lensed supernovae in their unbiased sky monitoring. Gaia (from 2013) will detect at least 2 cases whereas LSST (from 2018) will see more than 500 a year. Large number of future lensed supernovae will allow to verify results of cosmological simulations. The strong galaxy- galaxy lensing gives an opportunity to reach high-redshift supernovae type Ia and extend the Hubble diagram sample.
Advanced Epitaxial Lift‐Off and Transfer Procedure for the Fabrication of High‐Quality Functional Oxide Membranes

In the past 5 years, the transfer of epitaxial oxide thin films has drawn a renewed interest in the scientific community. The major challenge in this technology is to minimize the appearance of extended bulk defects such as plastic deformations, cracks, and delamination, which are induced by the transfer process to a new host substrate. In this work, a procedure for the transfer of epitaxial oxide films where a rigid bond to the final host holder is obtained via a metallic Au/Ag bonding layer is presented. Here, the transfer of SrRuO3 (SRO) and SrRuO3/SrTiO3 (STO) epitaxial films grown on a water‐soluble Sr3Al2O6 sacrificial layer is reported. These epitaxial films are grown on a STO substrate and transferred onto a Si host substrate. Roughness values lower than 1nm are observed for the transferred SRO membranes. Cross‐section analysis shows straight interfaces without plastic deformation of the membranes. X‐ray diffraction rocking‐curve analysis evidences that mechanical damage is minimized and the membranes remain close to their initial quality. This procedure represents an important step forward in the development of advanced technologies for membrane transfer of epitaxial oxides and superstructures.
Geology, mineralogy and geochemistry of manganese ore deposits of the Um Bogma Formation, south-western Sinai, Egypt: genesis implications

Purpose.This paper aims to understand the genesis and nature of the manganese ore deposits associated with the Ras Samra Member of the Um Bogma Formation in the southwest of Sinai. Methods. Mineralogical and geochemical studies of 50 selected samples of manganese ores and host shale have been conducted. These samples have been taken from different sites representing the Ras Samra Member. Findings. The dominant manganese minerals are pyrolusite and hausmannite. In most samples, helvite and hematite are noted in association with pyrolusite. In the investigated manganese ores, wide ranges of MnO (17.70-81.90 wt. %) and Fe2O3 (1.16-65.49 wt. %) concentrations are observed. Based on their Mn/Fe ratio, they can be classified into high-Mn ore content (76.94-6.46%), medium-Mn ore content (4.87-2.58%), and low-Mn ore content (1.51-0.30%). Originality. The compositions of major and trace elements in Ras Samra manganese ores, together with their textures and mineralogical compositions, suggest an epigenetic hydrothermal contribution for high-Mn ores, as well as syngenetic sedimentary precipitation for medium- Mn and low-Mn ores. The epigenetic nature of the high-Mn samples may be related to a younger phase of hydrothermal activity associated with Tertiary basalt flows. Ore-bearing hypogene solutions, which penetrate the bedding planes, have impregnated and cemented non-diagenetic terrigenous sandstones and shale. Practical implications. In contrast to low-Mn ores, high-Mn and medium-Mn ores of Um Bogma are preferable for obtai-ning a significant economic effect in the production of ferromanganese alloys. However, low-Mn ores need to be processed appropriately to achieve the desired quality in order to meet the present level of manganese demand in Egypt.
Macular optical coherence tomography (OCT) changes in anisometropic amblyopia before and after part time occlusion treatment

Background: Amblyopia denotes unilateral (or rarely bilateral) decrease of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) with no identifiable organic pathology of the eye or visual pathway. It results from vision deprivation and/or abnormal binocular interaction. Aim and objectives: The aim of work was to measure the thickness of macula, nerve fiber layer, and ganglion cell layer by the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in eyes with anisometropic amblyopia before and after part-time occlusion therapy. Patients and methods: It was a prospective comparative clinical study conducted during the period from June 2020 through December 2020 and Mattaria teaching hospital. The total sample size is 50 eyes of 50 participants. Each treatment should have a confidence level of 95% and a margin error of 5%. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the central macular thickness when compared before and after amblyopia treatment (the difference was more than 10 µm in 11 patients, while it was less than 10 µm in the rest of the patients), while the difference was statistically insignificant in either average macular thickness or total volume.
Isolated Millimeter Flares of Cyg X-3

Cygnus X-3 (Cyg X-3) is a well-known microquasar with relativistic jets. Cyg X-3 is especially famous for its giant radio outbursts, which have been observed once every few years since their first discovery. Each giant outburst presumably consists of a series of short-duration flares. The physical parameters of the flares in the giant outbursts are difficult to derive because the successive flares overlap. Here, we report isolated flares in the quiescent phase of Cyg X-3, as observed at 23, 43, and 86 GHz with the 45-m radio telescope at Nobeyama Radio Observatory. The observed flares have small amplitude (0.5--2 Jy) and short duration (1--2 h). The millimeter fluxes rapidly increase and then exponentially decay. The lifetime of the decay is shorter at higher frequency. The radio spectrum of Cyg X-3 during the flares is flat or inverted around the peak flux density. After that, the spectrum gradually becomes steeper. The observed characteristics are consistent with those of adiabatic expanding plasma. The brightness temperature of the plasma at the peak is estimated to be $T_B\gtrsim 1 \times 10^{11}$ K. The magnetic field in the plasma is calculated to be $0.2 \lesssim H \lesssim 30$ G.
K-Theory Past and Present

which obviously commute. Examples of abelian invariants are traces and determinants. K-theory was born during the early days of the famous Bonn Arbeitstagung, as I shall now briefly recall. The prime motivation came from Hirzebruch’s generalisation of the classical Riemann-Roch Theorem. This concerns a complex projective algebraic manifold X and a holomorphic (or algebraic) vector bundle E over X. Then one has the sheaf cohomology groups H(X, E), which are finite-dimensional vector spaces, and the corresponding Euler characteristic
Predictors and Outcomes of No Reflow Phenomenon Post-Primary Coronary Intervention in Young Patient

Background: Acute treatment of ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is restoration of myocardial perfusion by recanalization of the occluded vessel. Objective: The aim of the present study is to detect no reflow post primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in young STEMI patients and to correlate clinical, electrocardiogram, angiographic and procedural variables with no reflow. Patients and methods: This Cohort study was conducted in the Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University on 106 young patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with PPCI during the period from January 2021 to April 2022. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to myocardial blush; Group (I) which included 80 patients with normal flow, and Group (II) which included 26 patients with No reflow. Results : We found that No significant difference between the 2 studied groups regarding Initial Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow 0 or 1. The admission EF was significantly lower among the No Reflow Group and the no reflow group significantly associated with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), mortality, smoking, low EF and anterior wall myocardial infarction (AWMI) were independent predictors for no reflow. Conclusions: No reflow in young patient with STEMI could be attributed to novel predictors such as Smoking, low EF and AWMI. This phenomenon was associated with MACE and higher mortality.