Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Median Filtering Method Based on Noise Detection

This paper proposes a filtering method based on DS evidence theory,which is used for removing two types of impulse noise.This new method is composed of impulse detection and noise filtering.We should get evidence,and define mass function by local information.Using a rule determine whether noises exist.During the filtering process,the noisy pixel is dealt with method proposed in this paper.The pixels uncorrupted remain unchanged.So those pixels uncorrupted are protected well.From the result,we can see that the method proposed in this paper is effective to two types of impulse noise,and can retain details in image at the same time.
Dynamic mechanical response of carbon nanotube yarns and their in situ electrical measurements

Abstract Carbon nanotube yarns (CNTYs) are outstanding hierarchical fibers with electrical properties that depend on temperature and mechanical stimuli, which makes them attractive as smart materials for sensing applications. In order to better understand the electrical response of CNTYs under a combination of dynamic loading and variations of temperature, their monotonic and cyclic tensile mechanical response, in situ Raman spectroscopy, mechanical hysteresis, and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) are investigated herein. The piezoresistivity and thermoresistivity of CNTYs were characterized to correlate the contribution of temperature and strain to the effective electrical response of the CNTY under DMA testing. It was found that the tensile load bearing of the CNTYs is governed mainly by structural changes of its bundles/fibrils, rather than by stretching of the carbon bonds. The large energy dissipation capabilities of the CNTYs arise mainly from friction among their fibrils and bundles, and also due to irreversible morphological changes in their hierarchical structure. The (mechanically constrained) thermoresistive characterization showed that the electrical resistance of the CNTYs decreases with increasing temperature, yielding an average temperature coefficient of resistance of −8.63 × 10−4 K−1. The electrical response of the CNTYs during DMA temperature scans is governed by their thermoresistive response.
RIS-Enabled Secret Key Generation for Secured Vehicular Communication in the Presence of Denial-of-Service Attacks

Wireless communication has become an integral part of modern vehicles. However, securing the information exchanged between interconnected terminals poses a significant challenge. Effective security solutions should be computationally inexpensive, ultra-reliable, and capable of operating in any wireless propagation environment. Physical layer secret key generation has emerged as a promising technique, which leverages the inherent randomness of wireless-channel responses in amplitude and phase to generate high-entropy symmetric shared keys. The sensitivity of the channel-phase responses to the distance between network terminals makes this technique a viable solution for secure vehicular communication, given the dynamic behavior of these terminals. However, the practical implementation of this technique in vehicular communication is hindered by fluctuations in the communication link between line-of-sight (LoS) and non-line-of-sight (NLoS) conditions. This study introduces a key-generation approach that uses a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) to secure message exchange in vehicular communication. The RIS improves the performance of key extraction in scenarios with low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and NLoS conditions. Additionally, it enhances the network’s security against denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. In this context, we propose an efficient RIS configuration optimization technique that reinforces the signals received from legitimate users and weakens the signals from potential adversaries. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is evaluated through practical implementation using a 1-bit RIS with 64×64 elements and software-defined radios operating within the 5G frequency band. The results demonstrate improved key-extraction performance and increased resistance to DoS attacks. The hardware implementation of the proposed approach further validated its effectiveness in enhancing key-extraction performance in terms of the key generation and mismatch rates, while reducing the effect of the DoS attacks on the network.
Advanced Boron Carbide Matrix Nanocomposites Obtained from Liquid-Charge: Focused Review

Boron carbide is known as a hard material; it possesses a unique complex of physical-mechanical properties and has diverse applications in industries. An expansion of its field of uses stems from the creation of boron carbide matrix nanocomposite materials. In view of this perspective, an effective liquid-charge synthesizing method for their components in nanopowder form has been proposed. This paper provides a focused review on advanced boron carbide matrix ceramic and metal-ceramic nanocomposites recently obtained by the authors using this method. Particular attention is paid to the characterization of boron carbide nanocomposites, including some ceramic borides, metallic alloys and also other metal-ceramic composites.
A General Solution to Optimal Fixed-Gain (α-β-γ etc.) Filters

A considerable number of papers in the literature provide solutions for fixed-gain filters, such as the $\alpha$ - $\beta$ filter, that minimize the mean squared error under various dynamic models. This note demonstrates that those specialized models are unnecessary as the tools to explicitly find optimal fixed gains for arbitrary observable systems are already in the literature. The results produced by this method agree with published results for specialized algorithms. The solution of this letter also obviates the need for special “aeolotropic” filter design. Code implementing the algorithm and simulations is available in Matlab on IEEEXplore.
Feature-Band-Based Unsupervised Hyperspectral Underwater Target Detection Near the Coastline

With the improvement of imaging equipment, hyperspectral underwater target detection (HUTD) has raised much interest in recent years. The existing HUTD methods do not fully use spectral characteristics and need prior information about targets. Besides, the detection performance lacks verification in natural scenarios. In this article, the authors propose a feature-band-based unsupervised underwater target detection method (FBUD), which aims at finding the optimal feature bands to identify the underwater target near the coastline. Specifically, the normalized difference water index (NDWI) and unmixing technique are adopted to find the target and background pixels. Then, the spectral difference between the target and background is used to find the feature bands. With a simple and fast math operation of the feature bands, the probability map of the underwater target can be easily obtained. Besides, a new unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-borne hyperspectral image (HSI) dataset named HNU-UTD is built for underwater target detection in real-world scenes. Experimental results obtained with the HNU-UTD dataset confirm the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed detection method, which even outperforms supervised detection methods.
A Brief History of Nyquist Analog-to-Digital Converters

SUMMARY This paper reviews and discusses a brief history of Nyquist ADCs. Bipolar ﬂash ADCs for early development stage of HDTV and digital oscilloscopes, a Bi-CMOS two-step ﬂash ADC using resistive interpolation for home HDTV receivers, a CMOS two-step ﬂash ADC us-ing capacitive interpolation for handy camcorders, pipelined ADCs using CMOS operational ampliﬁers, CMOS ﬂash ADCs using dynamic comparator and digital o ﬀ set compensation, SAR ADCs using low noise dynamic comparators and MOM capacitors, and hybrid ADCs are reviewed.
The feasibility of PETHEMA ALL-96 regimen on treatment of patients with acute lymphoid leukemia

Background: Asparaginase-based treatment regimen for acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is considered as feasible, but there is still a lack of data. In this study, considering the results of other regimen that were not optimum in previous studies. Here, we aimed to investigate the feasibility of PETHEMA ALL-96 treatment regimen. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective feasibility study that was performed in 2019–2021 on 13 patients diagnosed with B-cell ALL. Patients were treated by PETHEMA ALL-96 regimen during induction, consolidation, reinduction, and maintenance phases. Patients were followed for 2 years after initiation of PETHEMA ALL-96 regimen for disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of all patients were evaluated after 2 years. Results: Data of 11 patients were analyzed. Within 28 days after treatments, all patients (100%) had no blasts in the bone marrow that was considered as complete remission (CR). The CR rate was 100% within 6 months and 12 months and 81.8% within 2 years after the treatments. Evaluation of OS, CR, and DFS regarding 6, 12, and 24 months showed 100% for all items after 6 and 12 months. After 24 months, the CR was 90.9%, the OS was 81.8% and the DFS was 90.9%. None of the patients died during the induction phase and during the 12 months study. No side effects were observed. Conclusion: The PETHEMA ALL-96 had high feasibility and survival rates with no side effects during the study course. It is believed that PETHEMA ALL-96 regimen has beneficial outcomes in young patients with ALL.
ACCELERATION AND FOCUSING OF ELECTRON BUNCHES BY WAKEFIELDS IN PLASMA PRODUCED IN NEUTRAL GAS BY A NONRESONANT SEQUENCE OF BUNCHES

It is experimentally investigated the possibility of accelerating and focusing of relativistic electron bunches by wakefields excited by their sequence in plasma, produced during its passage through the neutral gas, caused by the displacement of bunches into corresponding phases of excited field in the presence of mismatch between the bunch repetition frequency and plasma frequency. The mismatch is achieved by changing the pressure of the neutral gas at a fixed beam current density. Energy loss of some bunches and energy gain of others in the presence of other mismatch are estimated from the energy spectrum obtained from the imprints on the glass plate of bunches deflected with the transverse magnetic field. Focusing/defocusing of electron bunches is demonstrated by the change of the transverse sizes of imprints of nondeflected bunches and corresponding temporal modulation of the axial current density of the beam measured by Faraday cup of small cross-section PACS: 41.85. Ne; 41.85. Lc
Improving Schwann Cell Differentiation from Human Adipose Stem Cells with Metabolic Glycoengineering

Schwann cells (SCs) are myelinating cells that promote peripheral nerve regeneration. When nerve lesions form, SCs are destroyed, ultimately hindering nerve repair. The difficulty in treating nerve repair is exacerbated due to SC’s limited and slow expansion capacity. Therapeutic use of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) is emerging in combating peripheral nerve injury due to these cells’ SC differentiation capability and can be harvested easily in large numbers. Despite ASC’s therapeutic potential, their transdifferentiation period typically takes more than two weeks. In this study, we demonstrate that metabolic glycoengineering (MGE) technology enhances ASC differentiation into SCs. Specifically, the sugar analog Ac5ManNTProp (TProp), which modulates cell surface sialylation, significantly improved ASC differentiation with upregulated SC protein S100β and p75NGFR expression and elevated the neurotrophic factors nerve growth factor beta (NGFβ) and glial cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). TProp treatment remarkably reduced the SC transdifferentiation period from about two weeks to two days in vitro, which has the potential to improve neuronal regeneration and facilitate future use of ASCs in regenerative medicine.
Accurate Measurement of Dynamic ON-Resistance in GaN Transistors at Steady-State

Accurate characterization of the dynamic <sc>on</sc>-resistance (R<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${}_\textsc{on}$</tex-math></inline-formula>) degradation is important to predict conduction losses for gallium nitride (GaN) high-electron-mobility transistors. However, even for the same device, many inconsistent results of dynamic R<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${}_\textsc{on}$</tex-math></inline-formula> based on pulsed measurements are reported in the literature. This letter reveals that insufficient test time leads to spurious dynamic R<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${}_\textsc{on}$</tex-math></inline-formula> results and even contradictory conclusions. We show that the time required for the dynamic R<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${}_\textsc{on}$</tex-math></inline-formula> to stabilize can be very long (∼ 3 min) for some commercial GaN devices and pulsed measurements fail to give accurate results. These findings are enabled by our proposed steady-state method using a hard-switching half-bridge with an active measurement circuit. It minimizes the influence of temperature on the R<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${}_\textsc{on}$</tex-math></inline-formula>, enabling to capture trap-related effects independently from the operation conditions. This letter raises awareness of the effect of poorly measured dynamic R<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${}_\textsc{on}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and highlights that steady-state methods should be applied for accurate measurements to predict their performance in real power converter operations.
The necessary and sufficient condition of the irreducible paths

Chromatic uniqueness of graphs has a close relation with irreducibility of each component of complementary graph. Let P n denote the path of n vertices. In this paper, it has shown that P n is irreducible graph if and only if n+1 is prime when n≥4 . And some new chromatically unique graphs were obtained also.
Martingales and fixation probabilities of evolutionary graphs

Evolutionary graph theory is the study of birth–death processes that are constrained by population structure. A principal problem in evolutionary graph theory is to obtain the probability that some initial population of mutants will fixate on a graph, and to determine how that fixation probability depends on the structure of that graph. A fluctuating mutant population on a graph can be considered as a random walk. Martingales exploit symmetry in the steps of a random walk to yield exact analytical expressions for fixation probabilities. They do not require simplifying assumptions such as large population sizes or weak selection. In this paper, we show how martingales can be used to obtain fixation probabilities for symmetric evolutionary graphs. We obtain simpler expressions for the fixation probabilities of star graphs and complete bipartite graphs than have been previously reported and show that these graphs do not amplify selection for advantageous mutations under all conditions.
Α Short Remark on Scaling Relationship between the Fetal and Placental Weights

Salafia et al.( Placenta, 2009: 30(4) 355-360) found experimentally that the allometric scaling relation between the placental weight and the birthweight follows the well-known Kleiber 3/4-scaling law. The scaling law can also be deduced theoretically.
À propos du théorème de Belyi

A famous theorem of Belyi asserts that on any smooth projective geometrically connected algebraic curve C defined over Q there exists a function f unramified outside {0,1,~}. We show that this function can be choosen without non trivial automorphism. As a conséquence, for K C C a finite extension of Q, any K-isomorphism class of smooth projective geometrically connected algebraic curves can be characterized by a dessin d’enfant de Grothendieck, i.e. an isomorphism class of finite connected topological coverings of the sphere minus three points. We give a few examples of this situation.
Structure andd istribution of arches in shaken hardsphere d eposits

We investigate the structure andd istribution of arches formedby spherical, hardparticles shaken in an external /eldafter they come to rest. Arches (or brid ges) are formedd uring a computer-simulated, non-sequential deposition of the spheres after each shaking cycle. We identify these arches by means of a connectivity criterion and study their structural characteristics andspatial d istribution. We /ndthat neither the size d nor the shape of the arches is strongly a3ected by the packing fraction of the deposit. Conversely, the spatial distribution and orientation of the bridges do depend on the volume fraction occupied by the spheres. c
Temperature-mediated phase evolution of perovskite-type CuZrO3 nanoparticles

ABSTRACT Herein, we report the phase evolution of perovskite-type copper zirconate nanoparticles synthesized via the coprecipitation method. The XRD investigations confirm the dominant orthorhombic CuZrO3 phase formation at 700 °C along with frail tetragonal ZrO2 and monoclinic CuO phases. XRD analysis confirms the presence of orthorhombic perovskite type CuZrO3 in the sample annealed at 700 °C with cell parameters: a = 6.4552 Å, b = 7.4008 Å, and c = 8.4013 Å whose crystallite sizes is 54 nm. Higher calcination temperatures (above 700 °C) induce the crystallinity deterioration in the CuZrO3 phase. The XPS studies substantiate the chemical state of constituent elements present in the sample annealed at 700 °C. The chemical bonding and optical features of the samples were probed using FTIR and UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy, respectively. The optical bandgap energies for the synthesized samples that were annealed at various temperatures ranged from 3.36–3.08 eV.
Empowering Communities During the COVID-19 Pandemic Through Mothers’ Support Groups: Evidence From a Community Engagement Initiative in Sri Lanka

Community empowerment activities conducted by mothers’ support groups in Sri Lanka played a critical role in COVID-19 outbreak control among communities. Key Findings During the COVID-19 response, mothers’ support groups (MSGs) aimed to promote community health and well-being through community engagement activities, including sharing information, education, and communication materials about COVID-19; creating a supportive environment for infection prevention and control practices; distributing essential food items and medicine to people in need; and organizing recreational and social support activities. A key strength of using MSGs was the well-established trust and relationships within communities and their direct access to communities. Other facilitating factors were the support received from existing community partnerships and training and capacity-building from district health education officer networks. Key barriers to conducting these activities included reluctance of public health workers to work together with MSGs, competing stakeholder agendas, and lack of support for appreciation of MSG activities from local health authorities. Key Implications Community empowerment can play an essential role in disease outbreak control activities, and its potential should be further studied. Well-implemented community engagement strategies can support health systems in overcoming pandemics. Health officials can strengthen the skills of community group members to help build more resilient communities during future pandemics. ABSTRACT Community empowerment has previously been used to mitigate the effects of health emergencies, such as outbreaks of Ebola virus disease and Zika virus. In Sri Lanka, mothers’ support groups (MSGs) aim to promote community health, well-being, and nutrition practices through community engagement. With the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, MSGs were mobilized by the Health Promotion Bureau in response to the pandemic. Key activities MSGs engaged in during the COVID-19 response included establishing communication networks, creating a supportive environment for preventive behaviors, organizing vaccination clinics, distributing essential food and medicine, organizing recreational activities, promoting home gardening, and monitoring community activities. We examine how these community-based empowerment initiatives successfully assisted in the pandemic response. Health officials can help to build more resilient communities that are better prepared for future health emergencies by valuing the community-level methods used in overcoming COVID-19 and further strengthening the skills of community group members.
Competitive training in hidden Markov models

The use of hidden Markov models is placed in a connectionist framework, and an alternative approach to improving their ability to discriminate between classes is described. Using a network style of training, a measure of discrimination based on the a posteriori probability of state occupation is proposed, and the theory for its optimization using error back-propagation and gradient ascent is presented. The method is shown to be numerically well behaved, and results are presented which demonstrate that when using a simple threshold test on the probability of state occupation, the proposed optimization scheme leads to improved recognition performance.
A randomized clinical trial evaluating the effects of administration of acidogenic boluses at dry-off on rumination and activity behavior in the 14 subsequent days

Graphical Abstract Summary: The effects of the administration of acidogenic bolus at dry-off on total daily activity (TDA) and total daily rumination (TDR) behaviors during the 2 weeks following dry-off were investigated in this randomized clinical trial. Cows in the treatment group (TRT) received 2 oral acidogenic boluses at dry-off, whereas cows in the control group (CON) did not receive any intervention. The TRT cows were less active in the first 2 weeks post dry-off with a decreased TDR observed only in the first day after acidogenic bolus administration. The results indicate that the administration of acidogenic boluses at dry-off should be considered as an alternative management strategy to increase cow comfort in the first 2 weeks after dry-off.
Serological and haemato-biochemical insights into bovine leukosis in dairy cattle in D.I. Khan, Pakistan

Bovine leukosis is an economically important disease of dairy cattle caused by the bovine leukaemia virus (BLV). The study aimed to determine the seroprevalence, haemato-biochemical effects, and risk factors pertinent to the prevalence of bovine leukosis in Holstein–Friesian purebred dairy cattle in the D.I. Khan region of Pakistan. A total of 192 sera were assayed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Overall, 31.3% (60/192) cattle were detected as seropositive. There was a marked increase in total leukocyte count (11.29 ± 0.48×103/μl), lymphocytes (5.73 ± 0.42%), monocytes (0.81 ± 0.06%), haemoglobin (11.09 ± 0.46 g/dl), red blood cells (7.23 ± 0.37 ×106/μl), and packed cell volume (31.75 ± 1.48%) in seropositive cattle. Serum biochemical parameters in seropositive cattle showed a marked increase in the liver enzymes, alanine transaminase (24.25 ± 1.03 U/l) and aspartate aminotransferase (49.33 ± 3.31 U/l), with a marked decrease in glutathione peroxidase (1365.63 ± 12.03 (U/l) and superoxide dismutase (2.14 ± 0.13 U/ml) activity. A significant association of age, pregnancy, breeding method, milk yield, and health status of seropositive animals with bovine leukosis was also recorded. The prevalence was higher in animals which were older, pregnant, artificially inseminated, low milk producers, and had a history of ailments. The current study found that bovine leukosis virus could cause changes in internal homeostasis, oxidative stress, and liver dysfunction, all of which should be considered during a control regimen. It was concluded that bovine leukosis was moderately prevalent in the D.I. Khan region in Pakistan.