Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
XAuth: Secure and Privacy-Preserving Cross-Domain Handover Authentication for 5G HetNets

Fifth generation (5G) networks are highly heterogeneous, with ultradense base stations (BSs), due to the low penetration of millimeter waves and the availability of different access technologies. However, the continuous heterogeneity and densification of 5G networks pose great challenges to network security, especially for user mobility support. In the process of user handover between BSs or between different network domains, user access authentication and security session establishment are far riskier compared to 4G networks. On the one hand, the overhead of handover authentication increases significantly as handovers become more frequent in an ultradense network. On the other hand, the differentiation of security schemes in heterogeneous networks (HetNets) poses a big challenge to handover authentication. Successfully designing a secure, privacy preserving, and efficient handover authentication protocol for heterogeneous and ultradense 5G networks would substantially expand the prospects of future 5G network applications. Although numerous solutions (e.g., challenge-response-based, public key cryptography-based, physical-layer information-based, and blockchain-based solutions) have been proposed to solve the cross-domain handover authentication problem, most of them surfer from security and privacy vulnerabilities and unreasonable performance overhead. In this article, we propose XAuth, a secure and privacy-preserving authentication protocol for both intradomain and interdomain handover in 5G HetNets based on blockchain. The proposed protocol can achieve mutual authentication, key agreement between user equipment (UE) and target network, and is characterized by forward secrecy, backward secrecy, user anonymity, and conditional privacy preservation. Formal security analysis and comprehensive performance evaluation demonstrate the security and effectiveness of the proposed protocol.
The Colliding Winds of WR146: Seeing the Works

WR146 is a WC6+O8 colliding-wind binary (CWB) system with thermal emission from the stellar winds of the two stars, and bright non-thermal emission from the wind-collision region (WCR) where the winds collide. We present high resolution radio observations from 1.4 to 43 GHz that give one of the best quality radio spectra of any CWB to date. Observations at 22 GHz now span 8 years, and reveal the proper motion of the system, allowing comparison of multi-epoch data. VLBI observations show the location of the WCR relative to the stellar components, from which the wind momentum ratio can be shown to be 0.06+/-0.15. The radio spectrum and the spatial distribution of emission are modelled, and we determine the contribution of both stellar winds and the WCR to the observed emission. We show that our current models fail to account for the high frequency spectrum of WR146, and also produce too much emission far from the stagnation point of the wind collision.
Viscosity in Strongly Interacting Quantum Field Theories from Black Hole Physics

The ratio of shear viscosity to volume density of entropy can be used to characterize how close a given ﬂuid is to being perfect. Using string theory methods, we show that this ratio is equal to a universal value of ~ / 4 πk B for a large class of strongly interacting quantum ﬁeld theories whose dual description involves black holes in anti–de Sitter space. We provide evidence that this value may serve as a lower bound for a wide class of systems, thus suggesting that black hole horizons are dual to the most ideal ﬂuids.
A comparative study of learning methods in tuning parameters of fuzzy membership functions

We compare several popular training algorithms for tuning parameters of fuzzy membership functions (MFs). The algorithms compared are gradient descent (GD), resilient propagation (RPROP), Quickprop (QP), and Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithms. These algorithms are combined with RLSE (recursive least squares estimate) to improve the efficiency of an ANFIS (adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system). The results, on average, show that the relative performance of these algorithms depends on the given task, but that RPROP produces better performance in terms of convergence speed, stability, and generalization properties.
Forward Density Approach to European Option Under Stochastic Interest Rate

The forward Kolmogorov ( Fokker-Planck ) partial differential equation for the transition density under forward measure is developed to value european option under stochastic interest rate and local volatility. The advantage of this approach is that the density needs to be computed just once out to the longest maturity to obtain the option value of any shorter maturity and of any strike. This reduces the computational time in the optimization process for calibration of local volatility surface to implied volatility. The forward Kolmogorov equation is one dimensional and computed using standard finite difference methods. The singular initial condition (delta-function) is smoothed by a Gaussian. An alternate method called the Vorticity Redistribution Method is also developed to handle the delta function exactly. The results of both the finite difference and the vorticity redistribution methods are verified using the results of the forward measure Black-Scholes equation for the option developed previously. The conservation laws of the density are used to examine the errors in the computations.
On the Thermodynamics of Planetary Impact Events

The history of planet formation and evolution is strongly tied to understanding the outcomes of a wide range of impact events, from slow accretionary events to hypervelocity events that melt and vaporize large fractions of the colliding bodies. To better understand impact processes, their effects on planetary evolution, and how to interpret geochemical data, we need to improve our knowledge of the behavior of materials over the entire range of conditions accessed by collisions. Here I present experimental results from gas gun, laser driven, and pulsed power facilities. Together these facilities can access the tremendously wide range of pressure and temperature conditions achieved in natural impact events. This work focuses on the thermodynamics of impacts to better understand the phase transitions that most strongly affect the dynamics and chemical consequences of a collision. I show that the entropy generation during collisions is the most natural means of interpreting the thermodynamic processes that occur during an impact event. For materials with sufficient thermodynamic data at high pressures and temperatures, I present a method for obtaining the entropy generation during an impact. With the knowledge of the entropy, I present new shock-and-release techniques to investigate the liquid-vapor region of the phase diagram. I also show that for materials without sufficient data to calculate the entropy generation during an impact, one can use the shock-andrelease techniques described here to determine the entropy in the high pressure shock state. With better equation of state models that are constrained by our experimental data, our confidence in impact models improves dramatically. Using a high fidelity equation of state for H2O
On the formation and evolution of black hole binaries

We present the results of a systematic study of the formation and evolution of binaries containing black holes and normal-star companions with a wide range of masses. We first reexamine the standard formation scenario for close black hole binaries, where the progenitor system, a binary with at least one massive component, experienced a common-envelope phase and where the spiral-in of the companion in the envelope of the massive star caused the ejection of the envelope. We estimate the formation rates for different companion masses and different assumptions about the common-envelope structure and other model parameters. We find that black hole binaries with intermediate- and high-mass secondaries can form for a wide range of assumptions, while black hole binaries with low-mass secondaries can only form with apparently unrealistic assumptions (in agreement with previous studies). We then present detailed binary evolution sequences for black hole binaries with secondaries of 2 to 17 M(circle dot) and demonstrate that in these systems the black hole can accrete appreciably even if accretion is Eddington-limited (up to 7 M(circle dot) for an initial black hole mass of 10 M(circle dot) ) and that the black holes can be spun up significantly in the process. We discuss the implications of these calculations for well-studied black hole binaries (in particular GRS 1915+105) and ultraluminous X-ray sources of which GRS 1915+105 appears to represent a typical Galactic counterpart. We also present a detailed evolutionary model for Cygnus X-1, a massive black hole binary, which suggests that at present the system is most likely in a wind mass-transfer phase following an earlier Roche-lobe overflow phase. Finally, we discuss how some of the assumptions in the standard model could be relaxed to allow the formation of low-mass, short-period black hole binaries, which appear to be very abundant in nature.
Non-Perturbative String Equations for Type 0A

Well-defined non-perturbative formulations of the physics of string theories, sometimes with D-branes present, were identified over a decade ago, from a careful study of double scaled matrix models. Following recent work which recasts some of those old results in the context of type 0 string theory, a study is made of a much larger family of models, which are proposed as type 0A models of the entire superconformal minimal series coupled to gravity. This gives many further examples of important physical phenomena, including non-perturbative descriptions of transitions between D-branes and fluxes, tachyon condensation, and holography. In particular, features of a large family of non-perturbatively stable string equations are studied, and results are extracted which pertain to type 0A string theory, with D-branes and fluxes, in this large class of backgrounds. For the entire construction to work, large parts of the spectrum of the supergravitationally dressed superconformal minimal models and that of the gravitationally dressed bosonic conformal minimal models must coincide, and it is shown how this happens. The example of the super-dressed tricritical Ising model is studied in some detail.
Study of Charge-Exchange Neutrals Emission from Hot Plasma at the Multimirror Trap GOL-3

Tentative experiments on registration of the energy spectrum of fast charge exchange (CX) neutrals emitted from the high-density hot plasma of the GOL-3 facility were carried out. Experimental data provided by used 5-channel CX neutrals analyzer are presented and the procedure of determining of the energy distribution of registered CX neutrals is discussed. From calculated data of the neutrals energy distribution the estimated temperature is 1.5 ± 0.5 keV.
Twist Coupled Kirigami Cellular Metamaterials and Mechanisms

Manipulation of thin sheets by folding and cutting offers opportunity to engineer structures with novel mechanical properties, and to prescribe complex force-displacement relationships via material elasticity in combination with the trajectory imposed by the fold topology. We study the mechanics of cellular Kirigami that rotates upon compression, which we call Flexigami; the addition of diagonal cuts to an equivalent closed cell permits its reversible collapse without incurring significant tensile strains in its panels. Using finite-element modeling and experiment we show how the mechanics of flexigami is governed by the coupled rigidity of the panels and hinges and we design flexigami to achieve reversible force response ranging from smooth mono-stability to sharp bi-stability. We then demonstrate the use of flexigami to construct laminates with multi-stable behavior, a rotary-linear boom actuator, and self-deploying cells with activated hinges. Advanced digital fabrication methods can enable the practical use of flexigami and other metamaterials that share its underlying principles, for applications such as morphing structures, soft robotics and medical devices.
Az affektív temperamentumok és az artériás érfalmerevségi index kapcsolata krónikus hypertoniás betegekben Association between affective temperaments and arterial stiffness index in chronic hypertensive

p = 0,012), ingerlékeny (B = 0,013, 95% CI: 0,005–0,021, p<0,001) a (B = 0,008, 95% CI: 0,003–0,013, p<0,001) temperamentum Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between affective temperaments and arterial stiffness index in chronic hypertensive patients. Method: Carotid-femoral PWV, the most accepted marker of arterial stiffness, was measured using a tonometric de-vice (PulsePen). The arterial stiffness index was determined as the ratio of measured and expected PWVs. Affective temperaments were evaluated by the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A). Results: The study included 185 patients, with a mean age of 61.6 (49.5–69.8) years. We found association between arterial stiffness index and depressive (B = 0.009, 95% CI: 0.009–0.017, p = 0.018), cyclothymic (B = 0.009, 95% CI: 0.002–0.016, p = 0.012), irritable (B = 0.013, 95% CI: 0.005–0.021, p = 0.001), and anxious (B = 0.008, 95% CI: 0.003–0.013, p = 0.001) temperaments independent of age, sex, diabetes, alcohol consumption, smoking, BMI, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and GFR. Conclusion: An additional relationship between a cardiovascular risk measure and affective temperaments has been demonstrated, confirming the importance of determining these personality traits aiming cardiovascular prevention in addition to their known psychopathological aspects.
Difficult Airway Management in Post - Burn Patient - A Case Study

We describe a case of a very difficult intubation in an acute burn injury patient, which was safely navigated through careful planning and teamwork. Multiple techniques were used as described by the difficult airway algorithm and the patient was finally intubated using a fibreoptic intubation technique. In this report, we provide various modes of airway management used and the most efficient technique when it comes to anticipated difficult airway management in an acute burn patient.
Caudal Pulsed Radiofrequency for Distal Symmetrical Polyneuropathy

Background: Numbness, tingling, discomfort, and/or weakness in the toes are symptoms of distal symmetrical polyneuropathy (DSP), which proceeds in a stocking-glove pattern proximally. There is still no particular therapy available. Objective: CPRF (caudal pulsed radiofrequency) is used to treat people who have sensory symptoms. Study Design: This is a prospective study at Alsdr teaching hospital in Iraq-Basra. Methods: CPRF, Boston Scientific G4™ RF Generator, Twenty-four subjects with DSP who were stimulated reported sensory complaints that did not respond to therapy. Under fluoroscopy at S2-3 level, inserted a caudal 21 gauge, 20-mm active tip RF cannula into the epidural space through the sacral hiatus. After the sensory and motor RF, give PRF at 5 Hz for 600 seconds at 45 V. Within the first week of the operation, the impact of activation was examined using a numeric rating scale, which was repeated every three months for the next three months. Patient satisfaction levels were assessed three months following treatment; patients who scored "7" (very good) or "6" (good) on the treatment satisfaction scale were rated fulfilled. Results: Neuropathic pain was effectively diminished after four visits (P< 0.001, test one-factor analysis). Furthermore, three months after receiving CPRF, more than half of the patients had an effective reaction (≥60 percent pain reduction) and were comfortable with the therapeutic outcomes. Limitations: The research included a small number of patients and was only for a brief time. Conclusion: CPRF is a safer, less expensive, and more effective way to treat symptoms.
Unravelling psychiatric heterogeneity and predicting suicide attempts in women with trauma-related dissociation using artificial intelligence

ABSTRACT Background: Suicide is a leading cause of death, and rates of attempted suicide have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. The under-diagnosed psychiatric phenotype of dissociation is associated with elevated suicidal self-injury; however, it has largely been left out of attempts to predict and prevent suicide. Objective: We designed an artificial intelligence approach to identify dissociative patients and predict prior suicide attempts in an unbiased, data-driven manner. Method: Participants were 30 controls and 93 treatment-seeking female patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and various levels of dissociation, including some with the PTSD dissociative subtype and some with dissociative identity disorder (DID). Results: Unsupervised learning models identified patients along a spectrum of dissociation. Moreover, supervised learning models accurately predicted prior suicide attempts with an F1 score up to 0.83. DID had the highest risk of prior suicide attempts, and distinct subtypes of dissociation predicted suicide attempts in PTSD and DID. Conclusions: These findings expand our understanding of the dissociative phenotype and underscore the urgent need to assess for dissociation to identify individuals at high-risk of suicidal self-injury. HIGHLIGHTS Dissociation, feelings of detachment and disruption in one's sense of self and surroundings, is associated with an elevated risk of suicidal self-injury; however, it has largely been left out of attempts to predict and prevent suicide. Using machine learning techniques, we found dissociative identity disorder had the highest risk of prior suicide attempts, and distinct subtypes of dissociation predicted suicide attempts in posttraumatic stress disorder and dissociative identity disorder. These findings underscore the urgent need to assess for dissociation to identify individuals at high-risk of suicidal self-injury.
Probing near-solid density plasmas using soft x-ray scattering

X-ray scattering using highly brilliant x-ray free-electron laser (FEL) radiation provides new access to probe free-electron density, temperature and ionization in near-solid density plasmas. First experiments at the soft x-ray FEL FLASH at DESY, Hamburg, show the capabilities of this technique. The ultrashort FEL pulses in particular can probe equilibration phenomena occurring after excitation of the plasma using ultrashort optical laser pumping. We have investigated liquid hydrogen and find that the interaction of very intense soft x-ray FEL radiation alone heats the sample volume. As the plasma establishes, photons from the same pulse undergo scattering, thus probing the transient, warm dense matter state. We find a free-electron density of (2.6 ± 0.2) × 1020 cm−3 and an electron temperature of 14 ± 3.5 eV. In pump–probe experiments, using intense optical laser pulses to generate more extreme states of matter, this interaction of the probe pulse has to be considered in the interpretation of scattering data. In this paper, we present details of the experimental setup at FLASH and the diagnostic methods used to quantitatively analyse the data.
Relative merits of phononics vs. plasmonics: the energy balance approach

Abstract The common feature of various plasmonic schemes is their ability to confine optical fields of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) into subwavelength volumes and thus achieve a large enhancement of linear and nonlinear optical properties. This ability, however, is severely limited by the large ohmic loss inherent to even the best of metals. However, in the mid- and far-infrared ranges of the spectrum, there exists a viable alternative to metals – polar dielectrics and semiconductors, in which dielectric permittivity (the real part) turns negative in the Reststrahlen region. This feature engenders the so-called surface phonon polaritons, capable of confining the field in a way akin to their plasmonic analogs, the SPPs. Since the damping rate of polar phonons is substantially less than that of free electrons, it is not unreasonable to expect that phononic devices may outperform their plasmonic counterparts. Yet a more rigorous analysis of the comparative merits of phononics and plasmonics reveals a more nuanced answer, namely, that while phononic schemes do exhibit narrower resonances and can achieve a very high degree of energy concentration, most of the energy is contained in the form of lattice vibrations so that enhancement of the electric field and, hence, the Purcell factor is rather small compared to what can be achieved with metal nanoantennas. Still, the sheer narrowness of phononic resonances is expected to make phononics viable in applications where frequency selectivity is important.
Spectral properties and geology of bright and dark material on dwarf planet Ceres

Variations and spatial distributions of bright and dark material on dwarf planet Ceres play a key role in understanding the processes that have led to its present surface composition. We define limits for “bright” and “dark” material in order to distinguish them consistently, based on the reflectance of the average surface using Dawn Framing Camera data. A systematic classification of four types of bright material is presented based on their spectral properties, composition, spatial distribution, and association with specific geomorphological features. We found obvious correlations of reflectance with spectral shape (slopes) and age; however, this is not unique throughout the bright spots. Although impact features show generally more extreme reflectance variations, several areas can only be understood in terms of inhomogeneous distribution of composition as inferred from Dawn Visible and Infrared Spectrometer data. Additional material with anomalous composition and spectral properties are rare. The identification of the composition and origin of the dark, particularly the darkest material, remains to be explored. The spectral properties and the morphology of the dark sites suggest an endogenic origin, but it is not clear whether they are more or less primitive surficial exposures or excavated subsurface but localized material. The reflectance, spectral properties, inferred composition, and geologic context collectively suggest that the bright and dark material tends to gradually change toward the average surface over time. This could be because of multiple processes, i.e., impact gardening/space weathering, and lateral mixing, including thermal and aqueous alteration, accompanied by changes in composition and physical properties such as grain size, surface temperature, and porosity (compaction).