Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Two-step inverse scattering method for one-dimensional permittivity profiles

A numerical method to invert the dielectric permittivity profile from the Riccati equation using the Newton-Kantorovich iterative scheme is described. Instead of handling the equations in terms of usual geometrical depth, we determine the profile as a function of the electromagnetic path length since the convergence and the stability of the solution are found to be significantly better in this case. The initial profile used as a starting point for the inversion is obtained by another method employing successive reconstruction of dielectric interfaces and homogeneous layers in a step-like form. This method, though not always accurate, is fast and well suited for the approximate reconstruction of the profile, thus creating ideal starting conditions for the previous approach. As a result, the computation time is considerably reduced, without using any a priori information. The approach is applicable to both continuous and discontinuous profiles of high contrast and exhibits a good stability of the solution with respect to noisy input data. A lossy medium profile can also be inverted provided the overall thickness of the inhomogeneous slab and the background permittivity are known.
Distinct Mechanistic Behaviour of Tomato CYP74C3 and Maize CYP74A19 Allene Oxide Synthases: Insights from Trapping Experiments and Allene Oxide Isolation

The product specificity and mechanistic peculiarities of two allene oxide synthases, tomato LeAOS3 (CYP74C3) and maize ZmAOS (CYP74A19), were studied. Enzymes were vortexed with linoleic acid 9-hydroperoxide in a hexane–water biphasic system (20–60 s, 0 °C). Synthesized allene oxide (9,10-epoxy-10,12-octadecadienoic acid; 9,10-EOD) was trapped with ethanol. Incubations with ZmAOS produced predominantly 9,10-EOD, which was converted into an ethanolysis product, (12Z)-9-ethoxy-10-oxo-12-octadecenoic acid. LeAOS3 produced the same trapping product and 9(R)–α–ketol at nearly equimolar yields. Thus, both α–ketol and 9,10-EOD appeared to be kinetically controlled LeAOS3 products. NMR data for 9,10-EOD (Me) preparations revealed that ZmAOS specifically synthesized 10(E)-9,10-EOD, whereas LeAOS3 produced a roughly 4:1 mixture of 10(E) and 10(Z) isomers. The cyclopentenone cis-10-oxo-11-phytoenoic acid (10-oxo-PEA) and the Favorskii-type product yields were appreciable with LeAOS3, but dramatically lower with ZmAOS. The 9,10-EOD (free acid) kept in hexane transformed into macrolactones but did not cyclize. LeAOS3 catalysis is supposed to produce a higher proportion of oxyallyl diradical (a valence tautomer of allene oxide), which is a direct precursor of both cyclopentenone and cyclopropanone. This may explain the substantial yields of cis-10-oxo-PEA and the Favorskii-type product (via cyclopropanone) with LeAOS3. Furthermore, 10(Z)-9,10-EOD may be produced via the reverse formation of allene oxide from oxyallyl diradical.
OA-Cache: Oracle Approximation-Based Cache Replacement at the Network Edge

With the explosive increase in mobile data traffic and stringent quality-of-experience requirements of users, mobile edge caching is a promising paradigm to reduce delivery latency and network congestions by serving content requests locally. However, it is extremely challenging to conduct cache replacement when the cache is full and the future request pattern is unknown subject to enormous content volume but limited cache capacity at the network edge. In this paper, we propose a cache replacement algorithm based on the oracle approximation named OA-Cache in an end-to-end manner to maximize the cache hit rate. Specifically, we construct a complex model that uses a temporal convolutional network to capture the long and short dependencies between content requests. Then, an attention mechanism is adopted to find out the correlations between the requests in the sliding window and cached contents. Instead of training a policy to mimic Belady that evicts the content with the longest reuse distance, we cast the learning task into a classification model to distinguish unpopular contents from popular ones. Finally, we apply the knowledge distillation approach to assist in transferring knowledge from a large pre-trained complex network to a lightweight network to readily accommodate to the network edge scenario. To validate the effectiveness of OA-Cache, we conduct extensive experiments on real-world datasets. The evaluation results demonstrate that OA-Cache can achieve the superior performance compared to candidate algorithms.
Scanner matching for standard and freeform illumination shapes using FlexRay

IC manufacturers have a strong demand for transferring a working process from one scanner to another. Recently, a programmable illuminator (FlexRayTM) became available on ASML ArF immersion scanners that, besides all the parameterized source shapes of the earlier AerialTM illuminator (based on diffractive optical elements) can also produce any desired freeform source shape. As a consequence, a fabrication environment may have scanners with each of the illuminator types so both FlexRay-to-Aerial and FlexRay-to-FlexRay matching is of interest. Moreover, the FlexRay illuminator itself is interesting from a matching point-of-view, as numerous degrees of freedom are added to the matching tuning space. This paper demonstrates how the upgrade of an exposure tool from Aerial to FlexRay illuminator shows identical proximity behavior without any need for scanner tuning. Also, an assessment of the imaging correspondence between exposure tools each equipped with a FlexRay illuminator is made. Finally, for a series of use-cases where proximity differences do exist, the application of FlexRay source tuning is demonstrated. It shows an enhancement of the scanner matching capabilities, because FlexRay source tuning enables matching where traditional NA and sigma tuning are shortcoming. Moreover, it enables tuning of freeform sources where sigma tuning is not relevant. Pattern MatcherTM software of ASML Brion is demonstrated for the calculation of the optimized FlexRay tuned sources.
Models and Confidence Intervals for True Values in Interlaboratory Trials

We consider the one-way random-effects model with unequal sample sizes and heterogeneous variances. Using the method of generalized confidence intervals, we develop a new confidence interval procedure for the mean. Additionally, we investigate two alternative models based on different sets of assumptions regarding between-group variability and derive generalized confidence interval procedures for the mean. These procedures are applicable to small samples. Statistical simulation is used to demonstrate that the coverage probabilities of these procedures are close enough to the nominal value so that they are useful in practice. Although the methods are quite general, the procedures are explained with the backdrop of interlaboratory studies.
A Multivariate Williams-Type Trend Procedure

A modified Williams-type approach is proposed, which controls the family-wise error rate globally over both correlated endpoints and over dose comparisons. This order-restricted procedure is formulated for ratio-to-control comparisons, where the comparison of difference-to-control is included directly. Endpoint-specific variances are allowed, and even a modification for dose-group-specific variance heterogeneity is proposed. Therefore, this approach can be used simply for evaluation of real data by means of the R package SimComp. Both multiplicity-adjusted p-values and simultaneous confidence intervals are provided, whereas confidence intervals are clearly recommended to allow the interpretation for clinical relevance.
A new volume formula for a simplex and its application to endmember extraction for hyperspectral image analysis

Based on the geometric properties of a simplex, endmembers can be extracted automatically from a hyperspectral image. To avoid the shortcomings of the N-FINDR algorithm, which requires the dimensions of the data to be one less than the number of endmembers needed, a new volume formula for the simplex without the requirement of dimension reduction is presented here. We demonstrate that the N-FINDR algorithm is a special case of the new method. Moreover, whether the null vector is included as an endmember has an important effect on the final result of the endmember extraction. Finally, we compare the new method with previous methods for endmember extraction of hyperspectral data collected by the Advanced Visible and Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) over Cuprite, Nevada.
Adjustable electronic phantom for volume magnetic susceptibility measurements

The principle is based on idea to create an electronic model (ES) of the magnetized real object consisting of a set of identical small elements, each of the volume of ΔVs(ES). The sources of identical magnetization are represented by inserted miniature magnetization coils supplied by the current is, radius rc and the number of turns Ni. The ES behaves like the original sample (of the same dimensions and shape) in the magnetization field Ho with external magnetic susceptibility χ(s)ext=πNir2c/(ΔVs(ES)Ho. The paper deals with the samples of the cylindrical shape inserted to the axial homogeneous magnetic field. The principle validity of given ideas and derived base relations has been proved experimentally using a 2nd-order SQUID gradiometer.
Amplatzer amulet versus watchman device for percutaneous left atrial appendage closure: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: The Amplatzer Amulet (AA) and Watchman devices (WD) are the 2 most frequently used devices for percutaneous LAA closure globally. Objective: To evaluate the safety and clinical outcomes associated with these 2 devices in patients undergoing percutaneous LAA closure. Method: We systematically searched all electronic databases from inception until February 21, 2023. The primary endpoint was procedure related complications. Secondary endpoints were device related thrombus, stroke, cardiovascular mortality, peri device leak, systemic embolism, and all-cause mortality. Results: A total of 3 randomized clinical trials with 2150 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The mean age was 75 and 76 years in the Amplatzer group and in the Watchman group, respectively. The odds of procedure-related complications (OR, 1.80 [95% CI: 1.21–2.67], P < .001) were significantly higher among patients with AA compared to the WD. However, the odds of all-cause mortality (OR, 0.75 (95% CI: 0.49–1.16), P = . 20), stroke (OR, 0.79 [95% CI: 0.47–1.34], P = .39), systemic/pulmonary embolism (OR, 1.34 [95% CI: 0.30–6.04], P = .70), and major bleeding (OR, 1.10 [95% CI: 0.83–1.48], P = .50) were comparable between the two devices. The odds of device related thrombus (OR, 0.72 [95% CI: 0.46–1.14], P = .17) was comparable between both the group of patients, however the incidence of peri device leak was significantly lower in AA group (OR, 0.41 [95% CI: 0.26–0.66], P < .001) compared with WD group of patients. Conclusion: The AA was not superior to the Watchman device in terms of safety and efficacy. However, the Amulet occluder was associated with a higher incidence of procedure-related complications, and lower peri device leak.
UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS FOR EXPERIMENTAL HEAT TRANSFER DATA OBTAINED BY THE WILSON PLOT METHOD Application to condensation on horizontal plain tubes

The accurate estimation of convection coefficients constitutes a crucial issue in designing and sizing any type of heat exchange device. The Wilson plot method and its subsequent modifications deliver a suitable procedure to estimate the convection coefficients from the post-processing of experimental data in a multitude of convective heat transfer processes. Uncertainty analysis is a powerful tool not only for handling the data and reporting coherent results of a certain experimental program, but also is a valuable tool in those stages devoted to the experimental design. This paper details the application of an analytical methodology for calculating the uncertainty associated with experimental data obtained by the Wilson plot method. Results based on a representative Wilson plot experiment to measure the condensation coefficients of R-134a over a horizontal 19 mm diameter smooth tube are shown. A parametric analysis was carried out sequentially to investigate the influence of the uncertainties in the measured variables and design parameters of the Wilson plot experiment in the results uncertainties. Although the example presented in this paper relates to a specific heat transfer process, the technique turns out to be rather general and can be extended to any heat transfer problem.
DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE LEARNING MATERIAL BY INTEGRATING NEW LITERACY ON MOTION IN DAILY LIFE THEME FOR GRADE VIII STUDENTS

The 21st century education requires graduates who are broad-minded and have literacy. New literacy skills are needed by students to face the challenges of the 21st century. Science learning in the 2013 curriculum is carried out in an integrated manner. But the facts on the ground showed that science learning has not been implemented well, the unavailability of integrated science teaching materials, and student learning outcomes were still low. The solution to overcome this problem was to develop new literacy science integrated learning material. This study aims to determine the validity and practicality of using new integrated literacy science learning material. This type of research was Research and Development. The object of research was integrated science learning material for new literacy themes of motion in life. The data source were the result of the validity and practicality test. The instruments used were validation questionnaire sheets and practicality questionnaire sheets. The results show that the new integrated literacy science teaching materials are valid with a value of 79.65 and the use of new integrated literacy science teaching materials is very practical according to teachers and students with grades of 86.39 and 83.44, respectively.
Marseille Observatory Hα Survey of the Southern Galactic Plane and Magellanic Clouds

Abstract The ionised gas regions, which are the main tracers of the spiral arms, can be used for the study and determination of the spiral structure of our Galaxy. Towards this goal, the Marseille Observatory elaborated and developed an instrument, using a scanning Fabry–Perot interferometer, particularly suited for the observation of extended objects. A survey of the southern Galactic plane then started at the beginning of 1990. The major instrumental aim is to obtain spectral information, and therefore the ionised gas kinematics, in each pixel of the observed fields. Already 300 fields of 38′×38′ have been observed in Hα with a spatial resolution of 9″×9″, covering almost the entire fourth quadrant of the Galactic plane, and numerous discrete HII regions have been detected, as well as diffuse emission which is widely distributed. Also, the Magellanic Clouds have been studied using the same instrument.
Antecedents and consequences of host nationals’ attitudes towards hybrid language in MNCs: the case of MNC-tone

Abstract Multiple language use in multinational corporations (MNCs) crossing linguistic boundaries can lead to code-switching and the creation of hybrid languages. Hybrid languages in MNCs can facilitate or impede organizational processes. The source of such ambiguous findings may lie in individuals’ attitudes toward hybrid languages. The sociolinguistics literature suggests that language attitudes impact individuals’ in- and out-group behavior and may explain mixed findings of hybrid language use. We conduct research in the context of MNC-tone—a hybrid English-Chinese language popular in MNCs in China, which has also spilled into Chinese society among non-MNC workers. We examine the attitudes of Chinese nationals toward MNC-tone, the geo-social antecedents that contribute to attitude formation, and the consequences of such attitudes on perceived organizational attractiveness and interpersonal guanxi (informal and positive relationship between individuals facilitating processes in organizations). With survey data collected from Chinese employees in two interconnected studies (N = 342 and 502), we find that individuals from a multilingual landscape with access to foreign media and a multilingual social network have positive attitudes toward the hybrid language. Individuals with positive attitudes are likely to be attracted to work in MNCs that use the language and exercise interpersonal guanxi with others that use the hybrid language.
Generalized Langevin equation approach for atom/solid-surface scattering: General formulation for classical scattering off harmonic solids

A general theoretical framework for introducing many‐body or lattice effects into gas/solid scattering is presented. The theory is presently restricted to classical scattering off harmonic lattices but is otherwise completely general. It is nonperturbative and valid for arbitrary lattice temperature. The theory is based on a formulation of lattice dynamics suggested by and related to the Kubo–Mori theory of generalized Brownian motion. This formulation leads to a generalized Langevin equation (GLE) in which only the coordinates of the gas atom and the n∼1–6 surface atoms directly struck by the gas atom appear explicitly. The remainder of the lattice, which functions as a harmonic heat bath, affects the collision through a friction kernel and a Gaussian random force appearing in the GLE. The GLE can be solved in terms of a tractable number of (n+1) ‐particle gas–surface trajectories using approximate stochastic techniques. Stochastic solution yields thermally averaged temporal gas particle probability distribution functions (pdf). From the long time limit of these pdf’s all temperature dependent gas–surface cross sections can be found. In the limit of zero friction, the theory gives a convenient method for calculating atom–oscillator thermally averaged cross sections which circumvents laborious Monte Carlo classical trajectory sampling and which can be generalized to treat other gas phase collision problems.
Femtosecond laser-drilled capillary integrated into a microfluidic device

Recent growth in microfluidic technology is, to a large extent, driven by soft lithography, a high-throughput fabrication technique where polymer materials, such as poly(dimethyl) siloxane (PDMS), are molded to form microscopic channel networks. Nevertheless, the channel architectures that can be obtained by molding are limited. We address this limitation by using femtosecond laser micromachining to add unmoldable features to the microfluidic devices. We apply laser ablation to drill microcapillaries, with diameters as small as 0. 5μm and aspect ratios as high as 800:1, in the walls of molded PDMS channels. Finally, we use a laser-drilled microcapillary to trap a polystyrene bead by suction and hold it against a shear flow.
Learning Storm Dynamics with a Virtual Thunderstorm

The virtual supercell thunderstorm, scaled to match those commonly observed, can be viewed in a highly immersive CAVETM-like environment (a projection-based virtual reality environment) or on a desktop PC. The virtual storm represents an instant in time during the mature, roughly steady-state stage of a tornadic supercell, and includes such visually realistic features as a wall cloud, tornado, tail cloud, comma-shaped rain region, anvil cloud, mammatus, rear-flank downdraft clear slot, and shelf cloud. Audio representing the roar of the tornado, thunder, rain of varying intensity, and hail has been included.
Spectrum Sharing Schemes From 4G to 5G and Beyond: Protocol Flow, Regulation, Ecosystem, Economic

As the services and requirements of next-generation wireless networks become increasingly diversified, it is estimated that the current frequency bands of mobile network operators (MNOs) will be unable to cope with the immensity of anticipated demands. Due to spectrum scarcity, there has been a growing trend among stakeholders toward identifying practical solutions to make the most productive use of the exclusively allocated bands on a shared basis through spectrum sharing mechanisms. However, due to the technical complexities of these mechanisms, their design presents challenges, as it requires coordination among multiple entities. To address this challenge, in this paper, we begin with a detailed review of the recent literature on spectrum sharing methods, classifying them on the basis of their operational frequency regime—that is, whether they are implemented to operate in licensed bands (e.g., licensed shared access (LSA), spectrum access system (SAS), and dynamic spectrum sharing (DSS)) or unlicensed bands (e.g., LTE-unlicensed (LTE-U), licensed assisted access (LAA), MulteFire, and new radio-unlicensed (NR-U)). Then, in order to narrow the gap between the standardization and vendor-specific implementations, we provide a detailed review of the potential implementation scenarios and necessary amendments to legacy cellular networks from the perspective of telecommunication vendors and regulatory bodies. Next, we analyze applications of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) techniques for facilitating spectrum sharing mechanisms and leveraging the full potential of autonomous sharing scenarios. Finally, we conclude the paper by presenting open research challenges, which aim to provide insights into prospective research endeavors.
MgO-based tunnel junction material for high-speed toggle magnetic random access memory

We report the first demonstration of a magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM) circuit incorporating MgO-based magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) material for higher performance. We compare our results to those of AlOx-based devices, and we discuss the MTJ process optimization and material changes that made the demonstration possible.We present data on key MTJ material attributes for different oxidation processes and free-layer alloys, including resistance distributions, bias dependence, free-layer magnetic properties, interlayer coupling, breakdown voltage, and thermal endurance. A tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) greater than 230% was achieved with CoFeB free layers and greater than 85% with NiFe free layers. Although the TMR with NiFe is at the low end of our MgO comparison, even this MTJ material enables faster access times, since its TMR is almost double that of a similar structure with an AlOx barrier. Bit-to-bit resistance distributions are somewhat wider for MgO barriers, with sigma about 1.5% compared to about 0.9% for AlOx. The read access time of our 4 Mb toggle MRAM circuit was reduced from 21 ns with AlOx to a circuit-limited 17 ns with MgO.