Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Super‐Rotation Before and During the 2018 Martian Global Dust Storm

Super‐rotation affects—and is affected by—the distribution of dust in the martian atmosphere. We modeled this interaction during the 2018 global dust storm (GDS) of Mars Year 34 using data assimilation. Super‐rotation increased by a factor of two at the peak of the GDS, as compared to the same period in the previous year which did not feature a GDS. A strong westerly jet formed in the tropical lower atmosphere, with strong easterlies above 60 km, as a result of momentum transport by thermal tides. Enhanced super‐rotation is shown to have commenced 40 sols before the onset of the GDS, due to dust lifting in the southern mid‐latitudes and tropics. The uniform distribution of dust in the tropics resulted in a symmetric Hadley cell with a tropical upwelling branch that could efficiently transport dust vertically; this may have significantly contributed to the rapid expansion of the storm.
Changes in the Physical and Chemical Properties of Alder Wood in the Process of Thermal Treatment with Saturated Water Steam

The paper presents changes in color and selected physico-chemical properties of alder (Alnus glutinosa) wood during the process of thermal treatment of the wood with a saturated steam-air mixture or saturated water steam in the temperature range t = 95–125 °C for τ = 3 to 12 h. During the process of thermal treatment of alder wood, the original light white-gray color changes depending on the temperature and time of modification to soft reddish-brown to dark brown color shades. Color changes of alder wood expressed in the form of the total color difference are in the range of values ∆E* = 2.7–31.7. Measurements of the density of thermally treated alder wood in the dry state indicate that due to the thermal treatment of alder wood, the density decreases by ρ ≤ 4.6% compared to the average density of native alder wood. Due to the hydrolysis of hemicelluloses, in the process of thermal treatment of wet alder wood, its acidity changes in the range of values: pH = 4.9 to 3.1. Analyzes of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy indicate changes in alder wood extractants and hemicellulose degradation. A decrease in unconjugated and an increase in conjugated carbonyls was observed at all temperatures of thermal modification of alder wood. Measurements indicate changes in the lignin of alder wood and the fact that as the temperature increases, the formation of new carbonyls increases, which is reflected in the change of the chromophoric system.
A Framework for Simultaneous Design of Wind Turbines and Cable Layout in Offshore Wind

Abstract. An optimization framework for simultaneous design of wind turbines (WTs) and cable layout for collection systemof offshore wind farms (OWFs) is presented in this paper. The typical approach used in both research and practical design is sequential, with an initial annual energy production (AEP) maximization, followed then by the collection system design. The sequential approach is robust and effective, however it fails to exploit the synergies between optimization blocks. Intuitively,one of the strongest trade-offs is between the WTs and cable layout, as they generally compete, i.e. spreading out WTs mitigates wake losses for larger AEP, but also results in longer submarine cables in the collection system and higher costs. The proposedo ptimization framework implements a gradient-free optimization algorithm to smartly move the WTs within the project area subject to minimum distance constraint, while a fast heuristic algorithm is called in every function evaluation in order to calculate a cost estimation of the cable layout. In a final stage, a refined cable layout design is obtained by iteratively solving amixed integer linear program (MILP), modelling all typical engineering constraints of this particular problem. A comprehensive performance analysis of the cost estimation from the fast heuristic algorithm with respect to the exact model is carried out.The applicability of the method is illustrated through a large-scale real-world case study. Results shows that: (i) the quality of the cable layout estimation is strongly dependent on the separation between WTs, where dense WTs layouts present better performance parameters in terms of error, correlation and computing time, and (ii) the proposed simultaneous design approach provides up to 6% of improvement on the quality of fully feasible wind farm designs, and broadly, a statistically significant enhancement is ensured in spite of the stochasticity of the optimization algorithm.
The Cognitive Effect of Visual Metaphor in Advertising: A Comparative Study between Fusion and Juxtaposition Metaphor

The current research proposes to verify , through experimentation , the effect of two types of visual metaphor ( Fusion and Juxtaposition ) on cognitive elaboration and attitude toward the advertising . The study will set out to assess not only the direct effect of visual metaphor but also the moderating role of cognitive elaboration in altering consumer attitude toward the advertisement . The current study has assumed that ; Hl ) the level of elaboration will increase gradually starting from juxtaposition to fusion metaphor . H2 ) Attitude toward the advertisement will increase gradually starting from juxtaposition to fusion metaphor . Sample of ( 50 ) students from the Faculty of Arts English Department- Fayoum University took part in the survey . Results from this experiment showed that fusion metaphor had the most positive effect on attitude toward the advertisement .
Design and Analysis of Nonlinear Controller for a Standalone Photovoltaic System Using Lyapunov Stability Theory

This paper presents the Lyapunov stability theory-based nonlinear controller design for a standalone photovoltaic (PV) system. The comparative analysis of different nonlinear controllers is also carried out. Due to the nonlinear I-V characteristics of photovoltaic systems, conventional hill-climbing methods like Perturbate and Observe and Incremental Conductance do not show reliable tracking of maximum power under various uncertainties. Therefore, these methods require nonlinear tools to meet control objectives and design specifications. Out of various nonlinear controlling techniques, the one presented in this paper is the sliding mode approach for maximum power point tracking (MPPT). In the context of Lyapunov stability theory, the sliding mode approach uses a switching manifold. In this approach, the system trajectories are made to follow the sliding surface and remain there forever to ensure the stability of equilibrium points. Two types of sliding mode controllers have been simulated, namely, conventional—sliding mode controller (CSMC) and terminal—sliding mode controller (TSMC). The results are analyzed and compared scientifically on various performance parameters including duty cycle ratio, ideal and PV output power, and time taken for error convergence, under varying dynamic conditions. All the control algorithms are developed in matlab/Simulink.
Gambling With the Climate: How Risky of a Bet Are Natural Climate Solutions?

as nature-based climate solutions (NCS) to mitigate human-caused climate change. NCS frequently bring an array of potential co-benefits, including to biodiversity and conservation, and thus make an attractive potential tool to tackle climate change (Griscom et al., 2017). Crucially, to function as climate mitigation, NCS efforts must meet several fundamental criteria including: (a) providing additional carbon storage beyond what would have occurred otherwise, (b) accounting for emissions that shift elsewhere due to NCS activities (termed “leakage”), (c) having a net cooling effect on the climate by integrating the central biophysical and biogeochemical impacts of ecosystem changes, and finally (d) achieving a level of carbon storage “permanence” over long periods of time (typically considered to be 100 years or longer) (Figure 1) (Anderegg et al., 2020; Anderson et al., 2011; Hurteau et al., 2013; Ruseva et al., 2017). If climate change drives losses of carbon storage in forests, that would dramatically undermine the role and potential of NCS in climate goals and policy (Baldocchi & Penuelas, 2019; Anderegg et al., 2020). Thus, cutting-edge science to evaluate the permanence of forest carbon storage in the 21 century is critically important to a wide array of stakeholders from governments to corporations to non-governmental organizations.
The Strain Sensitivity of Coal Reinforced Smart Concrete by Piezoresistive Effect

The structures are challenged by earthquakes, material degradations and other environmental factors. In order to protect the lives, assets, and for maintenance planning, structural health monitoring (SHM) is important. In SHM applications, strain gages are widely used which have low durability, low sensitivity while they have high cost. To monitor a structure, large number of strain gages have to be used that increases the cost. In this study, seven coal reinforced concrete mixtures with 0, 0.35, 0.5, 0.8, 1, 1.5 and 2 volume % of coal were designed; three cubic samples for each mixture were fabricated. Simultaneous strain and electrical resistance measurement of the samples during the compression test was conducted. A strong linear piezoresistive relationship between strain and electrical resistance change with a correlation coefficient of 0.99 was determined. The concrete mixture having 0.8 volume % coal had the highest strain sensitivity of K=44, which was 22 times the strain sensitivity of commercial metal strain gages while it had a linearity error of LE=6.9% that was low. This mixture with 0.8 volume % coal is a candidate to be smart concrete which can sense its strain. As a contribution to the literature, a phenomenological model for the relationship between gage factor and coal volume % was explained in details. The multifunctional smart concrete will be used as a smart material, which can sense its strain in SHM applications while acting as a load bearing material.
Polymer‐based EMI shielding composites with 3D conductive networks: A mini‐review

High‐frequency electromagnetic waves and electronic products can bring great convenience to people's life, but lead to a series of electromagnetic interference (EMI) problems, such as great potential dangers to the normal operation of electronic components and human safety. Therefore, the research of EMI shielding materials has attracted extensive attention by the scholars. Among them, polymer‐based EMI shielding materials with light weight, high specific strength, and stable properties have become the current mainstream. The construction of 3D conductive networks has proved to be an effective method for the preparation of polymer‐based EMI shielding materials with excellent shielding effectiveness (SE). In this paper, the shielding mechanism of polymer‐based EMI shielding materials with 3D conductive networks is briefly introduced, with emphasis on the preparation methods and latest research progress of polymer‐based EMI shielding materials with different 3D conductive networks. The key scientific and technical problems to be solved in the field of polymer‐based EMI shielding materials are also put forward. Finally, the development trend and application prospects of polymer‐based EMI shielding materials are prospected.
Mean-Reverting 4/2 Principal Components Model. Financial Applications

In this paper, we propose a new multivariate mean-reverting model incorporating state-of-the art 4/2 stochastic volatility and a convenient principal component stochastic volatility (PCSV) decomposition for the stochastic covariance. We find a quasi closed-form characteristic function and propose analytic approximations, which aid in the pricing of derivatives and calculation of risk measures. Parameters are estimated on three bivariate series, using a two-stage methodology involving method of moments and least squares. Moreover, a scaling factor is added for extra degrees of freedom to match data features. As an application, we consider investment strategies for a portfolio with two risky assets and a risk-free cash account. We calculate value-at-risk (VaR) values at a 95% risk level using both simulation-based and distribution-based methods. A comparison of these VaR values supports the effectiveness of our approximations and the potential for higher dimensions.
Investigation of time domain characteristics of negative capacitance FinFET by pulse-train approaches

The HfO2-based ferroelectric field effect transistors (FeFET) have been widely studied for their ability in breaking the Boltzmann limit and the potential to be applied to low-power circuits. This article systematically investigates the transient response of negative capacitance (NC) fin field-effect transistors (FinFETs) through two kinds of self-built test schemes. By comparing the results with those of conventional FinFETs, we experimentally demonstrate that the on-current of the NC FinFET is not degraded in the MHz frequency domain. Further test results in the higher frequency domain show that the on-state current of the prepared NC FinFET increases with the decreasing gate pulse width at pulse widths below 100 ns and is consistently greater (about 80% with NC NMOS) than the on-state current of the conventional transistor, indicating the great potential of the NC FET for future high-frequency applications.
Statistical downscaling of precipitation using inclusive multiple modelling (IMM) at two levels

Topical research on hydrological behaviour of climate change in terms of downscaling of monthly precipitation is investigated in this paper by formulating an inclusive multiple modelling (IMM) strategy. IMM strategies manage multiple models at two levels and the paper uses statistical downscaling model, Sugeno fuzzy logic and support vector machine at Level 1 and feeds their outputs to a neuro-fuzzy model at Level 2. In the downscaling stage, large-scale NCEP (National Centres for Environmental Prediction)/NCAR (National Centre for Atmospheric Research) data are used for a station with local data record from 1961 to 2005 for training and testing Level 1 models. The results are found to be ‘fit-for-purpose’, but the variations between them signify some room for improvements. The model at Level 2 combines outputs of those at Level 1 and produces Level 2 results, which improve compared with those at the Level 1 models in terms of dispersion of residual errors. In this way, IMM provides a more defensible modelling strategy for application in the projection stage. The comparison between observed and projected precipitation indicates that precipitation will be likely to reduce compared with observed precipitation in cold seasons (October–February), but the projected precipitation will be likely to increase slightly in wet seasons (April and May).
COMPARING LIFE CYCLE IMPACT ASSESSMENT, CIRCULARITY AND SUSTAINABILITY INDICATORS FOR SUSTAINABLE DESIGN: RESULTS FROM A HANDS-ON PROJECT WITH 87 ENGINEERING STUDENTS

Abstract Considering a growing number of metrics and indicators to assess circular economy, it is of paramount importance to shed light on how they differ from traditional approaches, such as life cycle assessment (LCA) or sustainability performance indicators. This study provides new empirical insights on the correlation between LCA, circularity, and sustainability indicator-based approaches. Specifically, the importance lies in analyzing how the results generated by these different approaches can be used to support the design of products that are not only circular, but also sustainable. A practice-based project involving 87 engineering students (divided into 20 groups) is conducted with the aim to compare and improve the circularity and sustainability performance of three product alternatives of lawn mowers (gasoline, electric, autonomous). To do so, the following resources are deployed: 18 midpoints environmental indicators calculated by LCA, eight product circularity indicators, and numerous leading sustainability indicators. Critical analyses on the usability, time efficiency, scientific soundness, and robustness of each approach are drawn, combining quantitative results generated by each group with the feedback of future engineers.
Antioil Ag3PO4 Nanoparticle/Polydopamine/Al2O3 Sandwich Structure for Complex Wastewater Treatment: Dynamic Catalysis under Natural Light

We have successfully fabricated sandwich structural Ag3PO4 nanoparticle/polydopamine/Al2O3 porous small balls (APPAOs) by a facile homogeneous precipitation method, which exhibit a natural light catalysis capacity to degrade different kinds of water pollutants including industrial dyes and agricultural pesticides. The porous Al2O3 provides the substrate to form the Ag3PO4/Al2O3 heterojunction, as well as increases the specific surface area (SSA) of the Ag3PO4 nanoparticle, thus greatly enhancing the photocatalytic capacity. Polydopamine (PDA) plays the role of adhesive between Al2O3 substrate and Ag3PO4 nanoparticle, aiming to stabilize the synthesized APPAO catalyst. A part of Ag3PO4 is reduced by PDA and transformed into a Ag nanosphere, which further increases SSA and enhances the catalytic ability of the material by the plasmonic effect. Further study shows that there is a dynamic process between catalysis and adsorption/desorption equilibrium; i.e., with the catalysis going ahead, the adsorption/deso.
An Experimental Study of the Effect of Particle Shape on Force Transmission and Mobilized Strength of Granular Materials

Force chains have been regarded as an important hallmark of granular materials. Numerous studies have examined their evolution, properties, and statistics in highly idealized, often circular-shaped, granular assemblies. However, particles found in nature and handled in industries come in a wide variety of shapes. In this article, we experimentally investigate the robustness of force chains with respect to particle shape. We present a detailed analysis on the particle- to continuum-scale response of granular materials affected by particle shape, which includes the force transmission and mobilized shear strength. The effect of shape is studied by comparing experimental results collected from shear tests performed on 2D analog circular- and arbitrarily shaped granular assemblies. Particle shapes are directly discretized from X-ray CT images of a real sand sample. By inferring individual contact forces using the granular element method (GEM), we provide a direct visualization of the force network, a statistical characterization of the force transmission and a quantitative description of the shear strength in terms of rolling, sliding, and interlocking contact mechanisms. We report that force chains are less prevalent in assemblies of arbitrarily-shaped particles than in circular-shaped samples. Furthermore, interlocking is identified as the essential contact mechanism that (1) furnishes a stable structure for force chains to emerge and (2) explains the enhanced shear strength observed in the arbitrarily-shaped samples. These findings highlight the importance of accounting for particle shape to capture and predict the complex mechanical behavior of granular materials across scales.
Quality Assurance, Relevance and Institutionalization of Continuous Assessment Implementation as Perceived by Lecturers and Students in Nigeria Universities

This paper investigated the perception of lecturers’ and students about the relevance and quality assurance of continuous assessments as currently practiced in Nigeria universities. Three Universities and a degree awarding tertiary institution in Ondo state were selected for the study. A total of 240 subjects comprising 104 lecturers and 136 Undergraduates (not below 300) level selected through Stratified random sampling techniques were used for the study. Descriptive statistics and t-test were employed to analyze the hypothesis generated for the study. Results of the analysis shows the quality assurance of the programme implementation in Nigeria Universities. Appropriated recommendations were made based on the result of the finding. DOI: 10.5901/jesr.2013. v3n3p253
Investigations of Mixed-Anion Analogs of Manganite Perovskites and Bimetallic Group II Nitride Fluorides

Lanthanum manganites are perovskite related materials known in particular for their colossal magnetoresistance (CM) properties. Manganite compositions showing CM behavior are mixed cation compounds such as (CaxLa1-x) MnO3, which contain Mn ions in mixed Mn and Mn oxidation states. The goal of this project was to prepare mixed anion analogs of the LaMnO3 oxide phase such that mixed Mn/Mn oxidation states are introduced by anion rather than cation substitutions. Particular compositions targeted were La2Mn2O6F, Ca2Mn2O5F and Ca2Mn2O4N. A single step low temperature fluorine insertion process was proposed for synthesis of La2Mn2O6F using various fluorine insertion agents, namely: PVDF, CuF2, and XeF2; while standard ceramic methods were proposed for synthesis of the latter two compounds. All of these syntheses techniques were unsuccessful, with the possible exception of the fluorine insertion reaction using PVDF. These results will be summarized, and suggestions for future work will be given. A second area of focus involved synthesis and characterization of compounds in the Sr-M-N-F system, where M = Mg or Ca. Very few bimetallic N-F compounds have been previously reported. In this work, a new phase of ideal composition SrCaNF was prepared with a doubled cubic (relative to M2NF rocksalt-type) structure. This phase is highly disordered, and its crystal chemistry will be presented. A Sr2NF rock salt-type phase was also prepared and analyzed in this study, and to our knowledge is the first single crystal X-ray analysis performed for Sr2NF, previously studied only through powder X-ray diffraction methods.