Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acoustic radiation and surface pressure characteristics of an airfoil due to incident turbulence

The noise and unsteady surface pressure characteristics of an isolated airfoil in a uniform mean velocity, homogeneous, nearly isotropic turbulence field were investigated. Experiments were performed with a 23 cm chord, two-dimensional airfoil over a Mach number range of 0.1 to 0.5. Far-field noise spectra and directivity as well as surface pressure spectra and cross-spectra were obtained. Incident turbulence statistics were documented. Theory applied to predict far-field noise and surface pressure characteristics from measured inflow turbulence statistics showed good agreement with measurement. The theoretical formulation represents a first-principles solution providing absolute level prediction without recourse to empirical or adjustable constants, and takes into account compressibility as well as source noncompactness effects. All chordwise portions of the airfoil radiated directly to the far-field, the leading edge to the dominant noise producing region. The effect of angle of attack on noise and surface pressures is small. The interaction of incident turbulence of approximately 4 percent intensity with an airfoil was found to be a broadband noise source of high intensity relative to other noise sources.
Convexity properties of polynomials with assigned root location

This paper presents some geometrical results on the domain of (generalized) stability for a family of nth order polynomials. Regions of root location such that the convex hull of the corresponding domain of stability in the coefficient space is a polyhedron are investigated, and specific regions for which the convex hull is an n+1 vertex polyhedron are derived. The discrete-time stability domain falls in the latter class of regions. Implications of the results for the design of filters solving the robust strict positive realness for families of rational transfer functions with uncertainty in the numerator are also developed. >
Fitting coding scheme for image wavelet representation

Efficient coding scheme for image wavelet representation in lossy compression scheme is presented. Spatial-frequency hierarchical structure of quantized coefficient and their statistics is analyzed to reduce any redundancy. We applied context-based linear magnitude predictor to fit 1st order conditional probability model in arithmetic coding of significant coefficients to local data characteristics and eliminate spatial and inter-scale dependencies. Sign information is also encoded by inter and intra-band prediction and entropy coding of prediction errors. But main feature of our algorithm deals with encoding way of zerotree structures. Additional symbol of zerotree root is included into magnitude data stream. Moreover, four neighbor zerotree roots with significant parent node are included in extended high-order context model of zerotrees. This significant parent is signed as significant zerotree root and information about these roots distribution is coded separately. The efficiency of presented coding scheme was tested in dyadic wavelet decomposition scheme with two quantization procedures. Simple scalar uniform quantizer and more complex space-frequency quantizer with adaptive data thresholding were used. The final results seem to be promising and competitive across the most effective wavelet compression methods.
On the Generalizability of the Bodily State Effect on Creativity

Previous studies found that bodily states have an impact on divergent thinking, but it remains to be seen how generalizable this effect could be, how exactly it depends on cognitive control, and whether similar effects can be found on convergent thinking. To address these questions, we examined the bodily state effect on divergent thinking, convergent thinking, and cognitive control in two experiments. In Experiment 1, participants performed the Alternate Uses Task, the Remote Associates Task, and an auditory Stroop task under one of the three bodily states: sitting, standing, or roaming. In Experiment 2, participants completed the three tasks while standing and while roaming. Results showed that bodily state had no significant effect on divergent thinking and the Stroop effect, while roaming shorten the reaction times (Experiment 1) and increased accuracy (Experiment 2) comparing with sitting or standing in the convergent thinking task. Bayesian analysis provided strong or moderately strong evidence for the null hypothesis for these effects. Taken together, the present experiments showed no stable bodily state effect on divergent thinking or convergent thinking and Stroop effect. Possible explanations for the discrepancy between the current results and those reported in previous studies were discussed. ARTICLE HISTORY Received August 24, 2022
Authorship Policy of the Korean Journal of Radiology Regarding Artificial Intelligence Large Language Models Such as ChatGTP

Copyright © 2023 The Korean Society of Radiology Large language models (LLMs) enabled by artificial intelligence (AI) technology can generate sentences that are increasingly difficult to distinguish from text written by people. In particular, ChatGPT (Fig. 1), which is an LLM released recently by OpenAI (https://openai.com/), has become a sensation by showing astonishing performance. However, simultaneously, ChatGPT and other LLMs raise concerns in the fields of education and scientific publications because of their ability to write text for essays, reports, exams, and scientific papers. Acknowledging the concerns, leading academic journals and organizations in science, including premier journals such as Nature, Science, and JAMA, have recently expressed their editorial policies that ban the inclusion of these nonhuman technologies as authors, with some even prohibiting the inclusion of AI-generated text in submitted work [1-3]. The Korean Journal of Radiology (KJR) completely agrees with the concerns and the subsequent new editorial policies regarding the use of LLMs aforementioned. Therefore, we explicitly state that no LLMs will be accepted as a credited author on scientific papers that KJR publishes. Authorship Policy of the Korean Journal of Radiology Regarding Artificial Intelligence Large Language Models Such as ChatGTP
Molecular dynamics simulations of the internal temperature dependent diffusing and epitaxial behaviors of Pd–Ag cluster beam deposition

The molecular dynamics simulations are applied to study the internal temperature dependence of diffusing and structural properties of Pd1−xAgx bimetallic clusters and the corresponding epitaxial behaviors of deposited nanostructure on the Pd substrate in this research. In the alloy cluster, Ag atoms are found to have higher activities than Pd atoms and play a role of improving the diffusibility of Pd atoms. The analysis of the mean spreading index indicates that the surface segregation phenomena due to the different surface energy of atoms are obvious if the internal temperature of the cluster is high enough. The radial composition distributions show that the Pd-core/Ag-shell structure of the cluster of 249 atoms is obtained when the internal temperature is above 770 K. The clusters of high internal temperature deposited on the substrate also present better epitaxy than that of low internal temperature as the mean spreading index. Because of the difference of the radius of Pd and Ag, the increase in the A.
A class of improved hybrid Hochberg-Hommel type step-up multiple test procedures

In this paper we derive a new p-value based multiple testing procedure that improves upon the Hommel procedure by gaining power as well as having a simpler step-up structure similar to the Hochberg procedure. The key to this improvement is that the Hommel procedure can be improved by a consonant procedure. Exact critical constants of this new procedure can be numerically determined. The zeroth-order approximations to the exact critical constants, albeit slightly conservative, are simple to use and need no tabling, and hence are recommended in practice. The proposed procedure is shown to control the familywise error rate under independence among the p-values. Simulations empirically demonstrate familywise error rate control under positive and negative dependence. Power superiority of the proposed procedure over competing ones is also empirically demonstrated. Illustrative examples are given.
Comparison of Statistical and Deep Learning
Methods for Forecasting PM2.5 Concentration
in Northern Thailand

This study applies statistical methods and deep learning techniques to forecast the daily average PM 2.5 concentration in northern Thailand, where the concentration is usually high and exceeds the safe level. The data used in the analysis are collected from January 2018 to December 2020 from 16 air monitoring stations. The statistical methods used are Holt-Winters exponential smoothing (ETS), autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), and dynamic linear model (DLM). The deep learning techniques considered in this study are the recurrent neural network (RNN) and long-short term memory (LSTM). To compare the predictive performance of both methods, we use the root mean square error (RMSE). The result indicates that statistical methods, especially ARIMA, perform better than the deep learning techniques in most stations. Moreover, LSTM tends to provide higher accuracy than the RNN, especially with more number of nodes.
ADAPTIVE FINITE ELEMENT METHODS FOR REACTIVE COMPRESSIBLE FLOW

We extend the adaptive streamline diffusion finite element method for compressible flow in conservation variables using P1× P0 space–time elements to include chemical reactions. The adaptive error control is based on an a posteriori error estimate involving a stability factor, which is estimated numerically. We prove for a model problem that the stability factor is bounded by a moderate constant.
Boundary-layer transition detection with infrared imaging emphasizing cryogenic applications

This paper reviews the technique of boundary-laye r transition detection using infrared (IR) imaging, emphasizing cryogenic wind-tunnel testing. With the exception of the low-temperature effects on the IR radiation, the discussion is relevant to conventional wind-tunnel and flight testing as well. At low temperatures, IR imaging encounters a reduction in the radiated energy throughout the IR spectrum, combined with a shift to longer wavelengths of the bulk of the radiation. This radiation behavior affects the minimum resolvable temperature difference (MRTD) of the IR imaging system because of its fixed wave band sensitivity. In the absence of commercial long wavelength IR imaging systems, operating at wavelengths longer than 13 jim, some measures can be taken to alleviate the problem caused by the MRTD limitation. The thermal signature of transition can be enhanced by allowing a small and controlled temperature increase of the wind-tunnel flow that induces a transient heat transfer to the model. This action temporarily reveals the model area under the turbulent regime through its higher heating rate compared with the laminar regime. The contrast between the areas exposed to the two regimes can be enhanced by subtraction of thermograms (the equilibrium thermogram from the transient thermogram). Further visual improvement can be obtained through shade stretching or binary shading. Nomenclature A = detector area c = speed of light D* = detectivity of IR detector e = emissive power h = Planck constant / = in-band detectable blackbody radiance, w/m2 sr
Sequential learning for robot vision terrain classification

Terrains have widely varying visual appearance depending on the type of foliage, season, current weather conditions, recent precipitation, time of day, relative direction of lighting, presence of man-made structures and artifacts, landscaping, etc. It is difficult, if not impossible, to specify in advance the appearance of the different terrains that will be encountered while operating a robot in urban or rural environments. Yet people, having accumulated wide-ranging experience, have little trouble recognizing familiar terrain types and learning to recognize new, previously unfamiliar, terrains. Robots typically accumulate experience in "chunks" and do not have the luxury of years of training. This paper presents recent results in sequential learning methods applied to robot terrain recognition. In this paper we explore different sequential learning problem formulations and alternative machine learning algorithms. The investigations are based on the same data set. We report on the initial development of an incremental fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm capable of learning new information. We report on an approach to convert regression tree modeling, normally a batch learning method, to batch-incremental learning. We investigate issues in formulating the sequential learning problem and the performance of these algorithms. We also compare performance to four incremental learning classifiers. All investigations were conducted using the same set of image features, extracted from on-board video from a small robot traversing different terrains.
Back contact buried contact solar cells with metallization wrap around electrodes

The authors present results on back contact buried contact solar cells based on the metallization wrap around (MWA) concept. In this cell design, the current is conducted over metallized edges of the solar cell to the rear side busbar. The applied processing sequence is almost identical to the one of conventional buried contact cells and is based on p/n-contact isolation by mechanical abrasion. One major problem of MWA solar cells seems to be the long current paths in the fingers to the collecting busbar on the rear side. Therefore device simulations were carried out in order to find the optimum grid design for different cell sizes (10/spl times/10 cm/sup 2/ and 12.5/spl times/12.5 cm/sup 2/). The device simulations showed that the MWA solar cell concept leads to higher efficiencies as compared to conventional cells. Best efficiencies obtained in this study are /spl eta/=17.5% (cell area 25 cm/sup 2/) and /spl eta/=16.6% (100 cm/sup 2/) on Cz-Si. For mc-Si efficiencies of /spl eta/=15.7% (25 cm/sup 2/) and /spl eta/=14.4% (100 cm/sup 2/) were reached.
Coupled finite element simulation and optimization of single- and multi-stage sheet-forming processes

This article presents the development and application of a coupled finite element simulation and optimization framework that can be used for design and analysis of sheet-forming processes of varying complexity. The entire forming process from blank gripping and deep drawing to tool release and springback is modelled. The dies, holders, punch and workpiece are modelled with friction, temperature, holder force and punch speed controlled in the process simulation. Both single- and multi-stage sheet-forming processes are investigated. Process simulation is coupled with a nonlinear gradient-based optimization approach for optimizing single or multiple design objectives with imposed sheet-forming response constraints. A MATLAB program is developed and used for data-flow management between process simulation and optimization codes. Thinning, springback, damage and forming limit diagram are used to define failure in the forming process design optimization. Design sensitivity analysis and optimization results of the example problems are presented and discussed.
Quadratic electro-optic effect in the nonconjugated conductive polymer iodine-doped polyethylene terephthalate

Abstract Quadratic electro-optic effect has been measured in the nonconjugated conductive polymer iodine-doped polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Films of PET were doped with iodine in the vapor phase using standard procedure. The optical absorption and FTIR spectroscopic results show that iodine doping causes a charge-transfer from the terephthalic ring to iodine, thus forming a metallic quantum dot of subnanometer dimension. Nonlinear optical measurements were performed on the iodine-doped PET samples using field-induced birefringence method at 633 nm with lock-in detection. The magnitude of the Kerr coefficient for varying doping levels was determined. The magnitudes were shown to increase with doping level. For an iodine molar concentration of 0.28, a Kerr coefficient of ∼1.5 × 10−11 m/V2 was measured. For a molar concentration of iodine of 0.83, the measured Kerr coefficient was ∼5 × 10−11 m/V2. These magnitudes are comparable to (slightly smaller than) the Kerr coefficients measured in other iodine-doped nonconjugated conductive polymers representing metallic quantum dots of subnanometer dimensions. Graphical Abstract
Lyapunov optimal saturated control for nonlinear systems

A generalized feedback control law design methodology is presented that applies to systems under control saturation constraints. Lyapunov stability theory is used to develop stable saturated control laws that can be augmentedtoanyunsaturatedcontrollawthattransitionscontinuouslyatatouchpointonthesaturationboundary. The time derivative of the Lyapunov function, an error energy measure, is used as the performance index, which provides a measure that is invariant to the system dynamics. Lyapunov stability theory is used constructively to establish stability characteristics of the closed-loop dynamics. Lyapunov optimal control laws are developed by minimizing the performance index over the set of admissible controls, which is equivalent to forcing the error energy rate to be as negative as possible.
Kinematical diffraction by distorted crystals – dislocation X-ray line broadening

The current state of the description and evaluation of dislocation-induced X-ray diffraction line broadening has been reviewed. The diffraction-line broadening can be analyzed in terms of line width, moments or Fourier coefficients. However, in the last years, whole pattern fitting has become the most popular method of evaluation. The line width is proportional to the Burgers vector of dislocations, to the square-root of dislocation density and to the so-called orientation (contrast) factor. The orientation factor determines the hkl dependence of broadening and is a function of the elastic characteristics of the material investigated and the orientation of the diffraction vector with respect to the Burgers vector and dislocation line. Since a completely random dislocation distribution of dislocations is impossible, another parameter connected to the dislocation correlation (cut-off radius) must be included in the description. The theory of dislocation-induced line broadening has been developed many years ago, but it is still not completely satisfactory from the point of view of its practical application to line profile analysis. General problems of present line profile analysis on samples with dislocations are mentioned. This includes consideration 2nd kind stresses, texture and sample inhomogeneities.
INDISPENSABLE BINOMIALS OF FINITE GRAPHS

A binomial f belonging to a toric ideal I is indispensable if, for any system of binomial generators of I, either f or -f belongs to . In the present paper, we study indispensable binomials of the toric ideals IG arising from a finite graph G. First, we show that the toric ideal IG arising from a finite graph G whose complementary graph is weakly chordal is generated by the indispensable binomials if and only if no complete graph of order ≥4 is a subgraph of G. Second, we completely classify indispensable binomials of the toric ideal IG arising from a finite graph G satisfying the odd cycle condition. Finally, the existence of indispensable binomials of IG will be discussed.
Cross-Country Price and Inflation Dispersion: Retail Network or National Border?

(Why) do prices and inflation rates differ within the euro area? We study the relevance of a national border for grocery prices in the otherwise homogenous and highly integrated border region of Austria and Germany. Using transaction data on prices and quantities from a large household panel, we compare the prices of identical products within a narrow band along the Austrian-German border. We find large assortment and price differences between these two regions. Even within multinational retail chains the prices of identical products on the two sides of the border differ on average by about 23%. However, these price differences are not very persistent over time indicating little arbitrage gain by undifferentiated cross-border shopping. Ensuing product-level inflation rates differ only for half of the chains between the two countries. The results highlight the importance of the history-dependent evolution of distribution networks and of the structure of sales organisation as a driver of price and inflation heterogeneity
Recent advances in oridonin derivatives with anticancer activity

Cancer is a leading cause of mortality responsible for an estimated 10 million deaths worldwide in 2020, and its incidence has been rapidly growing over the last decades. Population growth and aging, as well as high systemic toxicity and chemoresistance associated with conventional anticancer therapies reflect these high levels of incidence and mortality. Thus, efforts have been made to search for novel anticancer drugs with fewer side effects and greater therapeutic effectiveness. Nature continues to be the main source of biologically active lead compounds, and diterpenoids are considered one of the most important families since many have been reported to possess anticancer properties. Oridonin is an ent-kaurane tetracyclic diterpenoid isolated from Rabdosia rubescens and has been a target of extensive research over the last few years. It displays a broad range of biological effects including neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activity against a variety of tumor cells. Several structural modifications on the oridonin and biological evaluation of its derivatives have been performed, creating a library of compounds with improved pharmacological activities. This mini-review aims to highlight the recent advances in oridonin derivatives as potential anticancer drugs, while succinctly exploring their proposed mechanisms of action. To wind up, future research perspectives in this field are also disclosed.