Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TDDB reliability improvement in Cu damascene by using a bilayer-structured PECVD SiC dielectric barrier

This work investigates the thermal stability and barrier characteristics of two species of silicon carbide dielectric films, /spl alpha/-SiCN with a dielectric constant of 4.9 and /spl alpha/-SiC with a dielectric constant of 3.8. The TDDB lifetime of Cu damascene metallization structure is greatly improved by using a /spl alpha/-SiCN//spl alpha/-SiC bilayer dielectric stack as the etching stop layer (ESL). This improvement is presumably due to the /spl alpha/-SiC dielectric's lower leakage current, absence of nitridation on Cu surface, and better adhesion on Cu as well as OSG intermetal dielectric (IMD), though the /spl alpha/-SiC film has a very slow deposition rate. We believe that the /spl alpha/-SiCN//spl alpha/-SiC bilayer dielectric is a favorable combination for the ESL because /spl alpha/-SiCN can protect /spl alpha/-SiC from plasma attack during the photoresist stripping.
CMOS-compatible organic light-emitting diodes

We report a new method for the integration of light-emitting devices on a silicon substrate. As an active layer, we use unsubstituted PPV or PPV-based organic macromolecules with a p/sup +/-silicon anode and a cathode made from aluminum or titanium. The polymer is deposited by spin-coating the precursor, followed by a thermal conversion step to form the macromolecules. All process steps, including the possibility of dry etching of the active layer and the upper electrode, are typical for MOS technology. Spectrum analysis, current-voltage, and intensity measurements have been carried out for device characterization. These organic light-emitting diodes allow the monolithic integration of microelectronic circuits and light-emitting devices on one silicon chip applying only typical MOS process steps.
Biosorption of Copper (II) from Aqueous Solution using a Combination of Orange Peels and Tea Waste

The ability of biosorbents, which are a combination of orange peels and tea waste to treat copper (II) using the biosorption method was examined. The experiment was performed under batch biosorption studies with various operating parameters. The pH, biosorbent dosage, contact time, and initial copper (II) concentration were optimized from pH 3 - 8, 0.25 - 1.0 g, 2 - 20 minutes and 10 - 100 mg/L, respectively. The findings found that a pH of 5.5, a biosorbent dosage of 0.75 g, a contact period of 5 minutes, and an initial copper (II) concentration of 10 mg/L were shown to be the best operating parameters for copper (II) biosorption. For isotherm models, the experimental data for copper (II) biosorption was fitted to the Langmuir isotherm with R2 value of 0.7775 compared to the Freundlich isotherm model with R2 value of 0.1073. The value for RL was 0.4, indicating that copper (II) biosorption using the combination of orange peels and tea waste is favourable. For kinetic models, the experimental data for copper (II) biosorption was well fitted to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model with R2 value of 0.9865 compared to the pseudo-first-order kinetic model with R2 value of 0.1006. In conclusion, the combination of orange peels and tea waste functions very well for biosorption of copper (II).
Modeling of Consumer Behavior for Business Sophistication

In today’s competitive business environment many different indicators influence business performance. In this research the authors analyze one of most important company stakeholders – their customers. The research is based on evaluation and analysis of existing consumer behavior models. On the basis of this research the authors have developed the mathematical model for modeling consumer behavior and investments in communication with customers. Model is based on assumption about the existence of two groups – people and goods. Each group is characterized by a series of parameters. Developed model contains only 3 parameters of each variable (a consumer and a product) and, in order to perform an accurate calculation, it is also necessary to determine the coefficients of mutual impact of each parameter, what should be indicated by experts. The model elaborated by the authors, would be suitable for practical application within business in order to analyze the return of the company investments, identify perspective and less perspective areas of investment towards business sophistication.
Parents Adaptively Use Anaphora During Parent-Child Social Interaction

Anaphora, a ubiquitous feature of natural language, poses a particular challenge to young children as they first learn language due to its referential ambiguity. In spite of this, parents and caregivers use anaphora frequently in child-directed speech, potentially presenting a risk to effective communication if children do not yet have the linguistic capabilities of resolving anaphora successfully. Through an eye-tracking study in a naturalistic free-play context, we examine the strategies that parents employ to calibrate their use of anaphora to their child’s linguistic development level. We show that, in this way, parents are able to intuitively scaffold the complexity of their speech such that greater referential ambiguity does not hurt overall communication success.
ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY FOR CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS IN INCLUSIVE CLASS ROOM

The Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is one of the most prevalent developmental disorders (PDDs). The lack of social contact and cognitive dysfunction involve severe deficits in ASD children (Faras, Ateeqi, & Tidmarsh, 2010) . Autism is a neurodevelopment disorder with major social and communication impairments (Dawson, 2008). There may also be a relative focus on child effects in autism as a result of problems related to child's behavior mainly due to the child's condition for development. Behavioral problems in autism are common (Mcclintock, Hall, & Oliver, 2003) and behavioral problems can generally be caused by autism-related rigidity and/or conditions specific to autism. Assistive technology (AT) will help the student's compensatory and corrective approaches. It could be compensatory when a pupil receives a simulated version of the book in order to prevent a reading question, not to learn how to read. (Thiyagu, 2014). Whether the student listens to the book or has a machine reading the text in scanned or digital format and attempts to learn new words, this is a proactive technique that strengthens areas of deficits. Both methods are worthwhile. Burnout can only occur by using the corrective approach (sometimes with little advantage). Discouraged students benefit more directly from approaches to common issues (Ibid). AT can assist students with learning disabilities to read, write and spell. Research shows that assistive technology can help these students not only through their academic pursuits, but also to obtain and maintain earnings ( Hasselbring & Bausch, 2005). The present investigation tries to suggest the assistive technologies for the autism spectrum disorder in inclusive class room.
Investigation of Call Quality in Cdma: Case Study of Two Network Operators in Epe Town, Nigeria

This work presents the study of the call quality provided by the two CDMA service operators within Epe town of Lagos State, South-West Nigeria by collecting and analyzing call data from the Network Operation Centre in an attempt to evaluate the call quality parameters as provided by these operators. The result of the analysis is then compared with that those specified by the Nigerian Communication Commission NCC which is the main regulatory body for telecommunication operations in Nigeria. In this work, various call quality parameters were being evaluated for two CDMA mobile operators, that is, Operators 1 and Operator 2 with existing network infrastructures within Epe town. A total of three parameters were evaluated. These parameters are Ec/Io, Rx_Level and Tx_Power. In the course of this research, the six call quality parameters and the quality of services provided by two CDMA network operators were investigated, the research outcome shows that both operators provided a very good quality of services as specified by the Nigerian Communication Commission (NCC) during the period within which this research work was carried out.
The Theory and Practice of Collaborative Planning in Resource and Environmental Management

paper assesses the utility of a new civics-based model of planning that delegates responsibility for preparing plans directly to affected stakeholders. The paper traces the origin of this new model, termed collaborative planning (CP) or shared decision making (SDM), and assesses its strengths and weaknesses by reviewing recent theoretical and empirical studies. The review illustrates that CP is an effective planning model that is more likely than other planning models to develop and implement a plan that is in the public interest. The paper identifies ten "best practice" guidelines for successful use of CP. If these guidelines are followed, CP can be an effective model for contributing to sustainability in resource and environmental management. The paper concludes by identifying areas for future research on CP including more meta-analysis using a uniform method, more analysis of factors determining success, and research on preconditions for successful collaborative planning.
COMPARISON ON AUGUMENTED DIAGNOSTIC METHODS FOR EARLY LUNG TUMOR

Lung cancer is also the most serious illness of the day for smokers. Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the fatal type of lung cancer. This days, tumour detection is getting difficult. It is only in the final stage that this form of lung cancer can be detected. Computer assisted identification (CAD) and diagnosis mechanisms for lung cancer are an essential indicator of lung segmentation, as the execution of those mechanisms is based on the execution of computed tomography (CT) lung segmentation images. Image recognition system is commonly used for early identification and treatment. Lung cancer prediction, hereditary cell identification and environmental factors are essential factors in the development of lung cancer prevention strategies. By predicting the movement of tumour cell it will be easier to control the tumour spreading. This can be achieved to decrease the growth of the tumour cells using the motion prediction model. So this paper contrasts the methods used at the earlier level to identify lung tumors.
THE JUSTIFICATION FOR A RATIONAL DESIGN OF A DENTAL IMPLANT WITH A LOCKABLE MOUNT-ATTACHMENT

At present, the implants are performed in the form of one screw element, in which the intraosseous and extraosseous parts are parts of the whole screw, as well as two parts in the way of separate screw elements connected, one of which acts as the intraosseous part and the extraosseous part [4,5,9,11,12,17,27]. The team of the Department of Hospital and Faculty Orthopedic Dentistry created a domestic dental implant, made in the form of a screw contains the intracostal part in the form of a rod with a thread and a section with a smooth surface, the extraostal part for the crown in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped, which is connected to the screw with a ball head. The intracostal and extraostal parts are made as one whole.
Assessment of Ceramide 24 Level in Hepatitis C Virus-Patients Before and After Direct Acting Antiviral Treatment

Background: HCV infection is prevalent worldwide and its geographical distribution varies North Africa, East Asia, and the Middle East have the highest prevalence of HCV. The association of cholesterol and sphingolipid with HCV particles is also important for virion maturation and infectivity. Ceramide plays important roles in organizing membranes and can induce the formation of lipid microdomains. Aim of the study: To evaluate the effect of HCV on the serum level of ceramide 24 before and after direct acting antiviral (DAAS) therapy. Methods: This study is a controlled clinical trial to evaluate the effect of HCVDAAS treatment on the level of ceramide24 in chronic HCV patients. A fixed, 12 weeks course of sofosbuvir (400mg) /day plus daclatasvir (60mg) /day was used for treatment of 30 patients with compensated liver patients (Child A). The data of all patients were collected at two times, the first before treatment and the second after 12 weeks of end of treatment and included: History, Clinical examination and Laboratory investigations. Results: There were highly significant decrease in hemoglobin, ALT and AST after treatment. There was significant decrease in bilirubin after treatment. There were no significant changes in serum creatinine after treatment. After treatment, serum ceramide 24 was significantly increased in all patients. There was a negative significant correlation between pre-treatment serum ceramide 24 and pre-treatment child score. There was no significant correlation between post-treatment serum ceramide 24 and post-treatment child score. There was highly significant decrease in serum ceramide 24 pre and post treatment, also there was high highly significant decrease in Viral load HCV PCR. Conclusion: Hemoglobin, Serum bilirubin, Liver enzymes level decreased significantly after treatment by direct acting antivirals (DAAS). As Serum creatinine level was not affected after treatment by DAAS, while Serum ceramide 24 level increased significantly after treatment than that of ceramide before treatment. However, the serum ceramide 24 level was found to be significantly lower in the patients before treatment.
Effect of Aerobic and Anaerobic Training on Cardio Respiratory Endurance Among Moderate Altitudes Inhabitants

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of aerobic and anaerobic training on cardio-respiratory endurance among moderate altitude inhabitants of kashmir region. To achieve the purpose of the study, forty-five (45) male inhabitants of moderate altitude of Jammu & Kashmir (UT) were randomly selected as subjects and their age ranged between 18 and 23 years. The selected subjects were randomly assigned into three equal groups namely two experimental group and one control group. Group I (Aerobic training), Group II (anaerobic training) and Group III (control group) and each group comprised of fifteen (15) subjects each. Both the experimental groups underwent their respective experimental treatment for twelve weeks, 3 days per week and one session on respective days. The control group was not undergone any training other than their daily routine. Cardio-respiratory endurance was taken as criterion variable for this study and was measured by cooper’s 12meter run/walk test. The data collected from three groups were statistically analysed by using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to know the significant difference among the groups. Whenever obtained ‘F’ ratio for adjust post-test mean was found significant, the Scheffe’s test was applied as post hoc test to determine the significant difference between paired means. The two experimental groups namely aerobic and anaerobic training achieved significant improvement on cardio-respiratory endurance among moderate altitude inhabitants.
How to Compute Weight Enumerators for Convolutional Codes

Techniques for ﬁnding transfer functions for convolutional codes have long been known, but the methods that have appeared in print are, for the most part, more art than science. In this tutorial paper, we describe a precise and eﬃcient algebraic method called the transfer matrix method. The transfer matrix method allows us not only to compute transfer functions, but also the weight enumerators for certain block codes which can be derived from the parent convolutional code, viz., the sequence of truncated and tailbiting codes. The transfer matrix method is easiest to apply if one uses a symbolic manipulation program like Mathematica , but even so, it is practical only for codes with relatively small degree.
Caught in the net [Internet and e-mail security issues]

Harvesting bank accounts is frighteningly easy. Millions of pounds are stolen each year, and the authorities seem powerless to prevent it. This article examines various methods used to obtain personal details from unsuspecting users. The methods considered include: phishing - an e-mail directing users to a counterfeit website; pharming - harvesting user details using malicious code installed on their machine; and DNS poisoning - hijacking of the domain name server to redirect the browser to sites other than that one displayed in the address bar. Countermeasures against these threats are discussed in each case.
Theory and Experiment of Slow-Light Coupled-Resonator Structures

Slow light has been an inter-disciplinary topic and a rapidly growing area, especially over the last decade with the improvement of fabrication technology. The ability to slow down and control the group velocity of light may find applications such as optical buffers, optical delay lines, and enhanced light-matter interaction in optical modulator, amplifier, detectors, lasers, and nonlinear optics. The spirit of slow light is to replace a bulky device with a much shorter, compact structure. This thesis explores the design and experiment of coupled-resonator optical waveguides (CROWs), which consist of arrays of optical resonators in which light propagates through the coupling between resonators. The group velocity of light is dictated by the inter-resonator coupling strength. Light can be significantly slowed down if the inter-resonator coupling is weak. CROWs can be realized with various types of resonators. This thesis focuses on grating resonators in silicon waveguides, including grating-defect resonators and bandgap-modulated resonators. With the strong gratings, the grating resonators are only a few microns long. We control the inter-resonator coupling via the number of holes between adjacent resonators. The major limitations in the realization of CROWs have been various kinds of transmission losses, including the resonator losses, the discontinuity between CROWs and the coupling waveguides, and the fabrication disorder. These transmission losses limit the achievable group velocity and the maximum number of resonators. We address these transmission losses throughout this thesis. The resonator losses are overcome with the design and optimized fabrication of tapered grating-defect resonators and bandgap-modulated resonators. The discontinuity between CROWs and waveguides is reduced by tailoring the coupling along the CROW for adiabatic conversion. The optimization of the CROW response leads to the study of filter design based on CROW. Filter design formalism based on coupled-mode theory is presented. The effect of fabrication disorder on CROWs is analyzed, and the Butterworth filters are shown to be more robust against fabrication disorder. The fabrication and measurement of grating CROWs are presented, featuring high-Q (Q=105) grating resonators, coupling of up to 50 resonators, control of group velocity between c/13 and c/49, and Butterworth filters. Finally, an optical analog of electromagnetically induced transparency is presented. The structure consists of two co-spatial gratings imposed on a three-mode waveguide. One of the supermodes, the Dark mode, possesses a group velocity which depends on the ratio of the grating strengths. The group velocity can be nearly zero if the two grating strengths are nearly identical.
Storability in Monopoly markets with dynamic demand

In a dynamic storable good market, this thesis investigates how the monopolist’s commitment power influences the firm’s pricing policy and the welfare effects, in a framework where demand increases over time. In a classic monopoly model, where we integrate storage, it is observed that convex storage cost plays an important role in the final results. As it emerges, consumers decide to store a quantity of the good, independently of the firm’s commitment power. In the case of limited commitment, prices tend to be higher than the case of full commitment and the total welfare sinks. Inventories are inserted in the framework of this thesis and it is observed that, without storage cost for the monopolist, they exist only under limited commitment.
Low-distortion MMIC power amplifier using a new form of derivative superposition

Reduction of interchannel interference produced by a power amplifier near 1-dB compression is a key concern for the wireless communications industry. In this paper, we present a 100-mW monolithic-microwave integrated-circuit (MMIC) power amplifier designed using a novel form of the derivative superposition method. The measured results of the MMIC power amplifier showed a two-tone carrier-to-interference (C/I) ratio of 45 dBc with an efficiency of 22.5% when backed off by 4.5 dB from the 1-dB compression point. We demonstrate that the MMIC power amplifier represents a good compromise between C/I ratio, output power, efficiency, and gain at the cost of an increase in total gate width, by comparing it to class-A, class-AB, and class-B single field-effect-transistor amplifiers.
An 11 mA Capacitor-Less LDO With 3.08 nA Quiescent Current and SSF-Based Adaptive Biasing

This brief presents an ultra-low power low-dropout (LDO) regulator with an experimental total quiescent current consumption of only 3.08 nA. The circuit is designed to operate with a load current in the range 0 - 11 mA. A novel adaptive biasing scheme based on a super source follower (SSF) structure is proposed, which measures the absolute voltage difference between the two inputs of the LDO’s error amplifier and modifies the biasing current accordingly. Thus, the transient response of the regulator is improved by counteracting the effect of using such a low bias current. The proposed LDO has been fabricated in a standard CMOS 180 nm process and the experimental characterization showed an outstanding performance in terms of maximum load current over quiescent current consumption ratio.
Design and implementation of remote sensing object detection system based on MPSoC

Real-time detection of object is a hot topic in remote sensing applications. In this field, deep network has shown large potential in terms of accuracy. However, it is difficult to design a lightweight hardware and software system to satisfy the satellite edge deployment due to the complexity of the structure of deep network, large amount of computation and high demand for computing resources and storage. In this article, we propose a lightweight object detecting system, based on MPSoC FPGA processor, to solve the problems. First, the lightweight algorithm for object detection which is suitable for the deployment of satellite edge devices is studied. Then, to reduce the number of parameters and the overhead calculation and storage, a network parameter compression algorithm based on dynamic mapping is laid out. Finally, a prototype verification system based on MPSoC FPGA processor is constructed to realize aircraft object detection. The experimental results highlight that the accuracy of detecting the aircrafts can reach more than 92%. For single frame image with input size of 416×416, the reasoning time is reduced to 7ms, suggesting that the requirement of real-time processing of remote sensing target detection can be met.