Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Arc magmatic evolution and the construction of continental crust at the Central American Volcanic Arc system

ABSTRACT Whether or not magmatic arcs evolve compositionally with time and the processes responsible remain controversial. Resolution of this question requires the reconstruction of arc geochemical evolution at the level of a discrete arc system. Here, we address this problem using the well-studied Central American Volcanic Arc System (CAVAS) as an example. Geochemical and isotopic data were compiled for 1031 samples of lavas and intrusive rocks from the ~1100 km-long segment of oceanic CAVAS (Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua) built on thickened oceanic crust over its 75 million year lifespan. We used available age constraints to subdivide this data set into six magmatic phases: 75–39 Ma (Phase I or PI); 35–16 Ma (PII); 16–6 Ma (PIII); 6–3 Ma (PIV); 5.9–0.01 Ma (PVa arc alkaline and PVb adakitic); and 2.6–0 Ma (PVI, Quaternary to modern magmatism, predominantly ≪ 1 Ma). To correct for magmatic fractionation, selected major and trace element abundances were linearly regressed to 55 wt. % SiO2. The most striking observation is the overall evolution of the CAVAS to more incompatible element enriched and ultimately continental-like compositions with time, although magmatic evolution took on a more regional character in the youngest rocks, with magmatic rocks of Nicaragua becoming increasingly distinguishable from those of Costa Rica and Panama with time. Models entailing progressive arc magmatic enrichment are generally supported by the CAVAS record. Progressive enrichment of the oceanic CAVAS with time reflects changes in mantle wedge composition and decreased melting due to arc crust thickening, which was kick-started by the involvement of enriched plume mantle in the formation of the CAVAS. Progressive crustal thickening and associated changes in the sub-arc thermal regime resulted in decreasing degrees of partial melting over time, which allowed for progressive enrichment of the CAVAS and ultimately the production of continental-like crust in Panama and Costa Rica by ~16–10 Ma.
Simpsonichthys margaritatus, a new seasonal miniature killifish from the upper Paraná River basin, central Brazilian Cerrado (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae)

Simpsonichthys margaritatus, new species, is described from the Verde River floodplains, upper Parana River basin, central Brazil. It is distinguished from all other congeners by having series of small light blue to light yellow spots arranged in close proximity on the dorsal and caudal fins in males and oblique dark brown bars on the anal fin in females. It is member of a clade including miniature species endemic to an area of central Brazilian high plateaus drained by rivers connected to the lower section of the Paranaiba River and adjacent upper tributaries of the Araguaia River The new species seems to be more closely related to S. cholopteryx, from the upper Araguaia River basin, by both having oblique red bars on the anal fin in males.
38 The renaissance of Indigenous entrepreneurship in Australia

Introduction The chapter argues that Indigenous entrepreneurship in Australia is not something that can or should be instilled by a patronising mainstream culture. Indigenous entrepreneurship existed before the twin attacks of a brutal, dispossessing invasion and the infliction of an initiative-destroying passive welfare system. Compared with America and Canada, Indigenous entrepreneurship in Australia is in decline but, through the development of culturally sensitive, community-supported education programmes, the renaissance of Indigenous entrepreneurship in Australia is a realistic possibility.
The Impact of Family Socioeconomic Status on Children's Height and Adult Earnings

We employ three decades (1971-2000) of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data to estimate the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and health in the United States by ethno-racial and income group. Specifically, we first estimate the influence of parental income on child height controlling for parental height and childhood illness; and then whether family SES (proxied by adult height) influences adult earnings controlling for adult educational attainment, health, and other human capital characteristics. Having estimated the proportion of height that is explained by parental SES, and adequately instrumented adult height to control for factors that may influence both adult height and earnings (e.g., childhood diet), we accomplish two things. First, we estimate whether a SES-height gradient exists in the United States. And second, we estimate the relative contributions of childhood environment, adult educational attainment, current health, and other human capital on adult earnings.
Did White Collar Kill the Bohemia Star ? Downtown Economic Restructuring and the Changing Composition of Arts Employment

Research (Ganning, forthcoming) has shown that downtown redevelopment helped to grow arts-based employment in weak market cities. The research presented here deepens our understanding: with changes in the downtown’s economy and demography come changes in the character of arts-based employment. While most blocks were characterized by small-scale, diverse arts employment in both 2000 and 2010, arts-based employment did shift to a downtown with more artists employed in white collar firms and fewer in firms with small-scale arts employment. This change in the character of the downtown arts is not adequately addressed in current planning, sounding an alarm to increase cultural planning for downtowns, perhaps especially in weak market cities that struggle to integrate Fordist manufacturing identities with creative class approaches to economic development. Introduction The United States is experiencing a back-to-the-cities movement. Across the country, population growth in central cities and downtowns is out-pacing growth in other geographic areas (Jaffe 2011). With citations of credible sources such as the Brookings Institute and the National Association of Realtors, this narrative has entered the national media (e.g. McQueen 2014). The shift is largely attributed to shifting housing preferences among young households, but the benefits of density for innovation, reduced energy consumption, and proximity of cultural
Geographic variation in turnover and recovery from the Late Ordovician mass extinction

Abstract Understanding what drives global diversity requires knowledge of the processes that control diversity and turnover at a variety of geographic and temporal scales. This is of particular importance in the study of mass extinctions, which have disproportionate effects on the global ecosystem and have been shown to vary geographically in extinction magnitude and rate of recovery. Here, we analyze regional diversity and turnover patterns for the paleocontinents of Laurentia, Baltica, and Avalonia spanning the Late Ordovician mass extinction and Early Silurian recovery. Using a database of genus occurrences for inarticulate and articulate brachiopods, bivalves, anthozoans, and trilobites, we show that sampling-standardized diversity trends differ for the three regions. Diversity rebounded to pre-extinction levels within 5 Myr in the paleocontinent of Laurentia, compared with 15 Myr or longer for Baltica and Avalonia. This increased rate of recovery in Laurentia was due to both lower Late Ordovician extinction rates and higher Early Silurian origination rates relative to the other continents. Using brachiopod data, we dissected the Rhuddanian recovery into genus origination and invasion. This analysis revealed that standing diversity in the Rhuddanian consisted of a higher proportion of invading taxa in Laurentia than in either Baltica or Avalonia. Removing invading genera from diversity counts caused Rhuddanian diversity to fall in Laurentia. However, Laurentian diversity still rebounded to pre-extinction levels within 10 Myr of the extinction event, indicating that genus origination rates were also higher in Laurentia than in either Baltica or Avalonia. Though brachiopod diversity in Laurentia was lower than in the higher-latitude continents prior to the extinction, increased immigration and genus origination rates made it the most diverse continent following the extinction. Higher rates of origination in Laurentia may be explained by its large size, paleogeographic location, and vast epicontinental seas. It is possible that the tropical position of Laurentia buffered it somewhat from the intense climatic fluctuations associated with the extinction event, reducing extinction intensities and allowing for a more rapid rebound in this region. Hypotheses explaining the increased levels of invasion into Laurentia remain largely untested and require further scrutiny. Nevertheless, the Late Ordovician mass extinction joins the Late Permian and end-Cretaceous as global extinction events displaying an underlying spatial complexity.
Severe sickle cell anemia is associated with increased plasma levels of TNF‐R1 and VCAM‐1

Sickle cell anemia (SCA, HBB glu6val) is characterized by multiple complications and a high degree of phenotypic variability: some subjects have only sporadic pain crises and few acute hospitalizations, while others experience multiple serious complications, high levels of morbidity, and accelerated mortality [1]. The tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) signaling pathway plays important roles in inflammation and the immune response; variation in this pathway might be expected to modify the overall severity of SCA through the pathway's effects on the vascular endothelium [2,3]. We examined plasma biomarkers of TNF-α activity and endothelial cell activation for associations with SCA severity in 24 adults (12 mild, 12 severe). Two biomarkers, tumor necrosis factor-α receptor-1 (TNF-R1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) were significantly higher in subjects with severe SCA. Along with these biomarker differences, we also examined data from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using SCA severity as a disease phenotype, and found evidence of genetic association between disease severity and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in VCAM1, which codes for VCAM-1, and several SNPs in ARFGEF2, a gene involved in TNF-R1 release [4].
Effects of different camera motions on the error in estimates of epipolar geometry between two dimensional images in order to provide a framework for solutions to vision based Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM)

Abstract : This thesis explores the effect camera motion and feature tracking have on the estimations of an epipolar geometry at different stages of a 3D reconstruction and relates the findings to a framework for vision based Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM). Although there have been previous attempts to determine the quality of algorithms that calculate a fundamental matrix, both robust and linear, we have found no study that explores the relationship between camera motion, or likewise the different types of parallax, and errors in the epipolar geometry between two images as defined by an estimated fundamental matrix. The interest comes from the fact that there are claims to this end made by two prominent textbooks in this area. By using synthetic scenes that are projected with and without noise by camera matrices that define different camera motions between the projections we are able to isolate the three different type of parallax that can be experienced between projections; no parallax shift from rotational movement, a high amount of parallax shift from translational movement in the camera s xy-plane, a high amount of parallax shift from translational movement along the camera s optical axis (z-plane). We also studied an unconstrained movement with components of each of the previous three types. The different camera motions are equivalent to different motions a robot would experience when performing SLAM, specifically, rotational, lateral, forward and unconstrained motions. There are multiple experiments that explore the effect motion has at every stage of a projective reconstruction algorithm.
Exceptional Changes in Skeletal Anatomy under Domestication: The Case of Brachycephaly

Synopsis “Brachycephaly” is generally considered a phenotype in which the facial part of the head is pronouncedly shortened. While brachycephaly is characteristic for some domestic varieties and breeds (e.g., Bulldog, Persian cat, Niata cattle, Anglo-Nubian goat, Middle White pig), this phenotype can also be considered pathological. Despite the superficially similar appearance of “brachycephaly” in such varieties and breeds, closer examination reveals that “brachycephaly” includes a variety of different cranial modifications with likely different genetic and developmental underpinnings and related with specific breed histories. We review the various definitions and characteristics associated with brachycephaly in different domesticated species. We discern different types of brachycephaly (“bulldog-type,” “katantognathic,” and “allometric” brachycephaly) and discuss morphological conditions related to brachycephaly, including diseases (e.g., brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome). Further, we examine the complex underlying genetic and developmental processes and the culturally and developmentally related reasons why brachycephalic varieties may or may not be prevalent in certain domesticated species. Knowledge on patterns and mechanisms associated with brachycephaly is relevant for domestication research, veterinary and human medicine, as well as evolutionary biology, and highlights the profound influence of artificial selection by humans on animal morphology, evolution, and welfare.
IMPACT OF MATERNAL OBESITY ON PREGNANCY OUTCOME

Family history of diabetes was present in 75.8% cases and 47.5% controls (p=0.000 ), while that of hypertension was present in 30.3% cases and 12.1% controls (p=0.002). Impaired glucose tolerance was found in 10.1% patients (p=0.001), gestational diabetes in 4% (p=0.121), pregnancy induced hypertension in 10.1% (p=0.297), urinary tract infection in 20.2% (p=0.014), vaginal candidiasis in 36.4% (p=0.000 ) and surgical wound infection in 2% ( p=0.242 ). 36.4% patients had caesarean delivery (p=0.064) while 11.1% had instrumental delivery (p=0.027). Shoulder dystocia was encountered in 4% patients (p=0.121) and 7.1% (p=0.170) experienced postpartum hemorrhage. The macrosomic babies were 16.2% (p=0.024) and 6.1% were born preterm (p=0.756).
Geo-mechanical Consideration in Research Project of Constructing Sheikh Besharat Dam in Bijar County with Gamma-Gamma Methods

Undoubtedly, preliminary geological studies are among the most important and most fundamental principles of designing and constructing big constructions such as dams in different regions. As a comprehensive template, geo-mechanical studies related to geological studies have been able to provide invaluable information regarding surface properties and features of soil such as texture and structure, and permeability. Different methodologies have been exploited in estimating geo-mechanical studies, among most novel of them is gamma-gamma method. This study, in a practical way, conducts a geo-mechanical consideration in research project of constructing Sheikh Besharat Dam in Bijar County with gamma-gamma methods. Results of the study showed that in two tests, a total of 12 experiments has been performed in soil depths ranging from 0.075 m to 35 m which showed that except experiment 9 in test 1 and test 2 in experiment 2 where porosity level is more than other tests, porosity level in other considered tests and regions have been in levels close to one another. Density level of each of tests taken from 12 points in dam construction lands showed that this has been reported normal for 12 test cases, which is quite similar and close to normal conditions. Considering Young’s modulus that has been performed based on gamma-gamma methods and data resulting thereof, we showed that the amount of reflection of geo-mechanical properties based on the obtained level of transparency between 550 and 1000 has been identified to be appropriate.
Bayesian network model of Anabaena blooms in Grahamstown Lake

Grahamstown Lake is an off-river storage supplying water to the city of Newcastle, Australia, with average depth, 7m and surface area 28km 2 . Its catchment area is 100km 2 , generating half its water and the remainder is pumped from the Williams River. Conventional water treatment processes as used by Hunter Water Corporation, including powdered activated carbon dosing, will not completely remove saxitoxins, which may be released from blooms of the cyanobacteria genus Anabaena in the lake. Management actions and considerations include water quality rules for pumping from the Williams River, catchment management and sediment treatment. Since the lake has experienced an increase in Anabaena blooms over the last 20 years, a number of investigations have been undertaken. Previous modelling of water quality in Grahamstown Lake has used traditional process-based methods. Because there is very little data relative to the complexity of the system, these models could not be rigorously calibrated to generate accurate predictions and have been ineffective for decision-making purposes. This paper describes the development of a data-driven, decision-focused Bayesian network model of Grahamstown Lake. This model meets the criteria of being decision-focussed, data driven, transparent, and capable of being used by non-expert modellers. In the first stage of the development, all available data were arranged in a consistently formatted database from which the model could 'learn' probabilistic relationships between model elements such as pumped nutrient load, lake water column nutrient concentrations, Anabaena concentrations etc. This stage produced useful insights into ecosystem relationships and provided a basic model for later stages. The first stage model was static and took no account of the system dynamics. The stage 2 model uses the data sequentially and predicts Anabaena concentrations for some weeks ahead, following management interventions. The probabilistic nature of the models informs rational consideration of the uncertainty of predictions in this complex system. The paper describes the Stage 1 model structure and modelling outcomes, Stage 2 dynamic modelling and elicitation of conditional probabilities to strengthen components of the model for which there is little data available at this time.
Aerosols in central California: Unexpectedly large contribution of coarse mode to aerosol radiative forcing

The majority of previous studies dealing with effect of coarse mode aerosols (supermicron) on the radiation budget have focused primarily on regions where total aerosol loadings are substantial. We reexamine this effect for a relatively clean area using a unique 1‐month dataset collected during the recent Carbonaceous Aerosol and Radiative Effects Study (CARES, June 2010) in the central California region near Sacramento. Here we define “clean” as aerosol optical depths less than 0.1 at 0. 5μm. We demonstrate that coarse mode particles contributed substantially (more than 50%) and frequently (up to 85% of time) to the total aerosol volume during this study. In contrast to conventional expectations that the radiative impact of coarse mode aerosols should be small for clean regions, we find that neglecting large particles may lead to significant overestimation, up to 45%, of direct aerosol radiative forcing despite very small aerosol optical depths. Our findings highlight the potential for substantial impacts of coarse mode aerosols on radiative properties over clean areas and the need for more explicit inclusion of coarse mode aerosols in climate‐related observational studies.
Large Scale Networks University of Sydney COMP 5313 Assignment 2 Report Distribution of Popularity and Effect of Coexisting Languages in Repository Network Zhenjiang Zhu SID : 420103149 Due : June 4 , 2015 1 Introduction

Link Analysis is widely applied on exploring the structure of large scale network. Open source projects are important in computer science and software engineering. Many popular software are originated from open source projects. A successful open source project begins as a small project and gradually evolve into a large and complex one. It is well known that a complex software could not be written by a single person or a small group of programmers. Collaboration and involvement are essential in the open source community. The collaboration, and the use of languages also create a large scale network across the programmers around the world. There are many repository hosting website for programmers to host their code and collaborate with each other. GitHub is one of the most popular hosting websites. This report presents the work of exploring two properties of the datasets on the GitHub. The first one studies the distribution of repositories in terms of popularity and the second one studies the how programming languages having similar purpose impact each other. We use the open dataset from GitHub for the analyses.
THE ROLE OF AQUATIC BIRDS IN THE REGULATION OF TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS OF CONTINENTAL SODA PANS IN HUNGARY

1Naturglob Ltd., H-1196 Budapest, Kossuth L. u. 76, Hungary, E-mail: drborose@gmail.com 2Hungarian National History Museum, Department of Zoology H-1088 Budapest, Baross u. 13, Hungary 3Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology, Eötvös Lóránd University H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c, Hungary 4Department of Zoology, Eszterházy Károly College Leányka u. 6 H-3300 Eger, Hungary 5Balaton Limnological Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences Department of Hydrobotany, H-8237 Tihany, P.O. Box 35, Hungary
Tightening knowledge sharing in distributed software communities by applying semantic technologies Project

This report describes the state of the art in both Semantic Desktops and Semantic Wikis. The surveyed systems are compared to each other and related R&D issues are outlined. Emphasis is given especially in possible usage of Semantic Wikis in the software engineering domain. Project co-funded by the European Commission under the “Information Society Technology” Programme, Framework Programme 6. D7: Report describing state-of-the art in SE Knowledge Desktop March 2007 Versioning and Contribution History Version Date Modification reason Modified by 0.1 05/12/2006 Initial version Dimitris Panagiotou 0.2 15/12/2006 Added Semantic Wikis Dimitris Panagiotou 0.3 15/01/2007 Added Semantic Desktops Dimitris Panagiotou 0.4 29/01/2007 Finished writing Semantic Desktops & Wikis Dimitris Panagiotou 0.5 06/02/2007 Integration of TUM and FZI contribution (chapter 5) Dimitris Panagiotou 0.55 09/02/2007 Reordering and renaming of some sections Dimitris Panagiotou 0.6 15/02/2007 Minor changes and additions Dimitris Panagiotou 0.7 23/02/2007 Updated chapter 5, minor formatting changes Hans-Joerg Happel, Walid Maalej 0.8 02/03/2007 Added chapters 1, 2 and 6 Dimitris Panagiotou 0.9 07/03/2007 Reviewed and proofread Maria Legal, Walid Maalej, Roman Schmidt 1.0 12/03/2007 Final version Dimitris Panagiotou This document has been produced in the context of the TEAM Project. The TEAM project is part of the European Community's Sixth Framework Program for research and development and is as such funded by the European Commission. All information in this document is provided "as is" and no guarantee or warranty is given that the information is fit for any particular purpose. The user thereof uses the information at its sole risk and liability. For the avoidance of all doubts, the European Commission has no liability in respect of this document, which is merely representing the authors view. © PLANET, FZI, ICCS, TUM, EPFL, CIM, INTRAINTL, LIPSZ, TRT, TXT Page 2 of 65 D7: Report describing state-of-the art in SE Knowledge Desktop March 2007