Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Efficiency of Test Statistics for Detecting Outliers in Normal Population

The objective of this research was to compare the efficiency among the test statistics which are used to detect outliers by testing hypothesis methods. The test statistics considered were Dixon’s test, Ferguson’s test, Grubbs’ test, Tw-test, and Tietjen-Moore’s test. The outliers were divided, by how far they are, into two groups: mild and extreme outliers. The efficiency of the test statistics was measured by the probability of type I error and the power of the test. The results showed that Tietjen-Moore’s test can control the probability of type I error according to Cochran and Bradley criteria in every situation. Tw-test has highest sensitivity in detecting one outlier when the sample size is small or moderate but, if the sample size is large, Grubbs’ test performs better. In the case of detecting one extreme outlier, the power of four tests tend to increase as the sample size increases at the significance level 0.01. Given that k outliers are detected, Tietjen-Moore’s test provides higher power than Tw-test when k equals 10% of sample size when the outliers are both mild and extreme, contrary to the case when k make up for 20%.
La influencia de las redes sociales como factor de riesgo en el desarrollo de la anorexia y la bulimia nerviosas durante la adolescencia

Los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA), como la anorexia y la bulimia nerviosas, son un grave problema de salud mental, en aumento desde hace décadas, que afecta especialmente a mujeres en la adolescencia. Las variables más estudiadas asociadas a su aparición son los medios de comunicación y la publicidad. La aparición de internet, sobre todo de la Web 2.0, y el uso masivo de las redes sociales, ha desplazado a los medios de comunicación tradicionales y nos transporta hacia un nuevo escenario de factores de influencia en el desarrollo de los TCA. La presente revisión sistemática trata de conocer el estado actual de las investigaciones que relacionan las redes sociales como factor influyente en el desarrollo de la anorexia y la bulimia nerviosas. Para ello se realizó una búsqueda y análisis de material bibliográfico disponible en indexadoras como Google Académico, Scielo, Redalyc y Dialnet, y se procedió al estudio de 20 artículos de carácter científico. En el análisis de los artículos seleccionados parece encontrarse una relación entre el desarrollo de la anorexia y la bulimia nerviosas entre las mujeres y variables vinculadas con las redes sociales. Con los datos encontrados se puede presuponer que las redes sociales han ocupado el espacio de los medios de comunicación tradicionales, por lo que han asumido su papel y perpetúan el problema de los estereotipos de belleza ya existentes, pero añadiéndole el factor social del que los anteriores carecían. También se concluyó que no es posible hablar de redes sociales, en general, puesto que estas son muy heterogéneas, siendo Facebook e Instagram las más relacionadas con la anorexia y la bulimia nerviosas.
Dynamics and shape instability of thin viscous sheets

An asymptotic theory for predicting the thickness distribution and geometry of the boundaries of a thin nearly planar fluid sheet and analyzing the stability of its shape is developed starting from the balance law for mass and momentum for a continuous medium. The resulting equations comprise a transient two-dimensional model where the sheet thickness and out of plane displacement are additional distributed parameters along with the continuum velocities. The analysis of the sheet motion in the transverse direction showed that the existence of compressive stresses inevitably leads to viscous sheet shape instability, while the equations describing the out of plane sheet displacement become of mixed type. As examples, two practical problems involving nonisoviscous sheets have been considered: a two-dimensional viscous sheet, which shape is unstable in the case when the compressive stress is applied at the exit end, and a three-dimensional problem of viscous sheet redraw (constant stretching), where the exist.
Surface plasmon polariton waves onto graphene's surface over an anisotropic metamaterial substrate

The present work investigates the propagation properties of the surface plasmon polariton wave supported on graphene surface over an anisotropic substrate at far-infrared frequencies. Initially, the surface wave’s propagation on isotropic media substrate is studied and verified with the theoretical estimation, including the noteworthy epsilon-near-zero case. Moreover, after utilizing theoretical substrate media and examining anisotropy relative to the normal to graphene’s surface, direction, the anisotropy is enforced to the tangential direction revealing the significant influence of the substrate on the surface wave that is propagating on graphene. Additionally, the more realistic implementation with graphene’s substrate consisting of metamaterial resonators is thoroughly investigated. Numerical results are extracted through a reliable finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm, focalising, mainly, on the wavelength of graphene’s surface wave.
N2+ Emission in Lightning

Abstract Comparison of slitless grating spectra with slit spectra, of lightning shows that the strength of the N2+ bands is distinctly different when observed by these two methods. The wide variations in lightning spectra reported by various observers may, therefore, have been influenced in some degree by the method of observation. Examination of seven possible modes of excitation of the N2+ bands leads us to suspect that the molecular emission recorded on slit spectra occurs at some distance from the visible lightning stroke, probably in terminal streamers inside the cloud. We also suggest that the occasional occurrence of N2+ in slitless spectra probably arises from the continuing current luminosity.
Use of Yucca (Yucca schidigera) Extracts as Biostimulants to Promote Germination and Early Vigor and as Natural Fungicides

Climate change is increasing drought and salinity in many cultivated areas, therefore threatening food production. There is a great demand for novel agricultural inputs able to maintain yield under the conditions imposed by the anthropogenic global warming. Biostimulants have been proposed as a useful tool to achieve this objective. We have investigated the biostimulant effect of different yucca (Yucca schidigera) extracts on plant growth at different stages of development under different abiotic stress conditions. The extracts were tested in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, and in three different crops; tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var microtom), broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa var romana). We have found that the investigated extracts are able to promote germination and early vigor under drought/osmotic and salt stress induced either by sodium chloride or lithium chloride. This effect is particularly strong in Arabidopsis thaliana and in the Brassicaceae broccoli. We have also determined using antibiograms against the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that the evaluated extracts may be used also as a natural fungicide. The results in this report show that yucca extracts may be used to enhance early vigor in some crops and as a natural fungicide, providing a new and useful tool for farmers.
Phonon confinement effects in the Raman scattering by TiO2 nanocrystals

Nanocrystalline TiO2 has been obtained by a sol-gel process by controlling the crystal size through the water/alkoxide ratio. Raman spectra of anatase nanocrystals with average sizes of 9.5–13.4 nm are reported and the correlation between the Raman band shape (peak position and linewidth) of the main feature at 144 cm−1 and the crystals dimension is discussed. While in this system a minor role is played by nonstoichiometry and pressure effects, a model based on the phonon confinement, which takes into account the size distribution as determined by the transmission electron microscopy images, correctly reproduces the Raman band shape change.
The cortical dynamics of context-dependent language processing

ABSTRACT A previous functional magnetic resonance imaging study (Dietrich et al. [2019]. Discourse management during speech perception: A functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study. NeuroImage, 202, 116047. ) showed a contribution by the pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA), the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and the basal ganglia (BG) in the processing of discourse structure. By applying dynamic causal modelling (DCM) to the data of this previous study, we aimed to shed further light on the functional interrelationships of these areas. Discourse coherence had been manipulated by using presupposition triggers in a test sentence that either corresponded or failed to correspond to a contextual item. We found connections from pre-SMA to IFG and from pre-SMA to BG. Additionally, participants’ ability to accommodate violations modulated the coupling from the BG to the pre-SMA. We discuss this pattern in light of the aslant tract transmitting control signals from the pre-SMA to the IFG that slow down procedural processing in case of errors. The pre-SMA itself seems to be regulated by the BG depending on whether participants accommodate a violation.
Linewidth roughness in nanowire-mask-based graphene nanoribbons

We present the analysis of linewidth roughness (LWR) in nanowire-mask-based graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) and evaluate its impact on the device performance. The data show that the LWR amplitude decreases with the GNR width, possibly due to the etching undercut near the edge of a nanowire-mask. We further discuss the large variation in GNR devices in the presence of LWR by analyzing the measured transport properties and on/off ratios.
Ferroelectric thin films grown on tensile substrates: Renormalization of the Curie-Weiss law and apparent absence of ferroelectricity

A thermodynamic theory is used to calculate the dielectric properties of epitaxial thin films grown on cubic substrates imposing biaxial tension on the film prototypic cubic state. For such “tensile” substrates, the theory shows that, in a conventional plate–capacitor setup, the films should display only a monotonic variation or a broad maximum in the temperature dependence of the permittivity and an apparent absence of the hysteretic polarization behavior. Changes of the Curie–Weiss temperature and constant caused by the mechanical film/substrate interaction are also predicted. Theoretical results agree with the observed properties of columnar-structured BaTiO3 and SrTiO3 thin films grown on Si.
Jet fields, connections and second-order differential equations

Jet fields are defined on fibred manifolds and represented as type (1,1) tensor fields corresponding to Cartan-Ehresmann connections. When defined on the first jet bundle they may be used to generalise the second-order differential equation fields used in theoretical mechanics and to extend several existing results to field theories.
ac electron tunneling at infrared frequencies: Thin‐film M‐O‐M diode structure with broad‐band characteristics

A high‐speed diode element consisting of a metal‐metal‐oxide‐metal electron‐tunneling junction is formed by thin films deposited on a substrate. These junctions are integrated with deposited narrow resonant antenna structures which couple the junction to incident radiation. Broad‐band characteristics from radio and microwave frequencies to the infrared region are shown. Frequency mixing and the possibility of utilizing large numbers of elements simultaneously are also demonstrated.
Cumulative Risk and Mental Health of Left-behind Children in China: A Moderated Mediation Model

Based on the dual-factor model of mental health (DFM) and the cumulative risk (CR) model, this study aimed to investigate the impact of CR on left-behind children’s mental health and the underlying mechanism involved, specifically the mediating role of coping style and the moderating role of gratitude in the relationship between CR and mental health. The random cluster sampling method was applied to collect data on CR, coping style, gratitude, life satisfaction, and depression from 705 left-behind children (374 boys, Mage = 12.20 ± 1.25). The moderated mediation analyses indicated that: (1) the moderated mediation model of CR and depression was significant: coping style mediated the relationship between CR and depression, and gratitude moderated this mediating effect with gratitude strengthening the negative association between CR and coping style; and (2) gratitude moderated the relationship between CR and life satisfaction and it also strengthened the negative association between CR and life satisfaction. The findings suggest that the mechanisms of coping style may differ in the relationships between CR and positive and negative indicators of mental health in left-behind children and that gratitude as a protective factor has limited capacity to buffer the negative effect of accumulated risk. These findings provide evidence for differentiated intervention approaches to promote disadvantaged children’s life satisfaction and depression.
Existence of strong solutions for It\^o's stochastic equations via approximations. Revisited

Given strong uniqueness for an It\^o's stochastic equation, we prove that its solution can beconstructed on"any"probability space by using, for example, Euler's polygonal approximations. Stochastic equations in $\mathbb{R}^{d}$ and in domains in $\mathbb{R}^{d}$ are considered. This is almost a copy of an old article in which we correct errors in the original proof of Lemma 4.1 found by Martin Dieckmann in 2013. We present also a new result on the convergence of"tamed Euler approximations"for SDEs with locally unbounded drifts, which we achieve by proving an estimate for appropriate exponential moments.
Theory of few photon dynamics in electrically pumped light emitting quantum dot devices

Quantum dot based light emitters can be used as sources of nonclassical light. We focus on the theory of InAs/GaAs quantum dots embedded in a two dimensional wetting layer at low electrical pump currents but strongly correlated electron-photon dynamics. For this purpose a self-consistent theory of transport and emission is developed. A substantial carrier heating in such devices is predicted and the relation of electrical pumping and single photon emission is analyzed within the photon-probability-cluster-expansion.
ASK1 inhibitor NQDI‑1 decreases oxidative stress and neuroapoptosis via the ASK1/p38 and JNK signaling pathway in early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats

Oxidative stress and neuroapoptosis are key pathological processes after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The present study evaluated the anti-oxidation and anti-apoptotic neuroprotective effects of the apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) inhibitor ethyl-2,7-dioxo-2,7-dihydro-3H-naphtho(1,2,3-de)quinoline1-carboxylate (NQDI-1) in early brain injury (EBI) following SAH in a rat model. A total of 191 rats were used and the SAH model was induced using monofilament perforation. Western blotting was subsequently used to detect the endogenous expression levels of proteins. Immunofluorescence was then used to confirm the nerve cellular localization of ASK1. Short-term neurological function was assessed using the modified Garcia scores and the beam balance test 24 h after SAH, whereas long-term neurological function was assessed using the rotarod test and the Morris water maze test. Apoptosis of neurons was assessed by TUNEL staining and oxidative stress was assessed by dihydroethidium staining 24 h after SAH. The protein expression levels of phosphorylated (p-)ASK1 and ASK1 rose following SAH. NQDI-1 was intracerebroventricularly injected 1 h after SAH and demonstrated significant improvements in both short and long-term neurological function and significantly reduced oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis. Injection of NQDI-1 caused a significant decrease in protein expression levels of p-ASK1, p-p38, p-JNK, 4 hydroxynonenal, and Bax and significantly increased the protein expression levels of heme oxygenase 1 and Bcl-2. The use of the p38 inhibitor BMS-582949 or the JNK inhibitor SP600125 led to significant decreases in the protein expression levels of p-p38 or p-JNK, respectively, and a significant reduction in oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis; however, these inhibitors did not demonstrate an effect on p-ASK1 or ASK1 protein expression levels. In conclusion, treatment with NQDI-1 improved neurological function and decreased oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis in EBI following SAH in rats, possibly via inhibition of ASK1 phosphorylation and the ASK1/p38 and JNK signaling pathway. NQDI-1 may be considered a potential agent for the treatment of patients with SAH.
Efficient storage and query processing of set-valued attributes

In order to better support complex applications, object relational systems provide features that are absent in relational systems. The main features added are abstract data types and type constructors. The set constructor creates a new type by providing collections of existing types. It is well known that sets are useful in modeling a great deal of real world data. However, such powerful modeling comes at a price; without an efficient implementation, using sets can yield a performance much worse than that obtained using only traditional relational constructs. This dissertation explores novel ways of implementing set-valued attributes in an object relational system. Specifically, it considers various options for storing set-valued attributes, and ways of computing the challenging set containment join operation. We first address the problem of storing set-valued attributes. Using the orthogonal attributes of nesting and location we identify four options for representing sets: nested internal and external, and unnested external and internal. These representations can be combined with the creation of various indices to create various classes of indexed representations. We evaluate each of these representations with respect to conjunctive and disjunctive queries. Our results show that overall the nested implementations perform better than the unnested implementations because: (a) they exploit grouping semantics while fetching the members of a set instance and (b) they allow the evaluation of set predicates directly on the set instance. Next we consider the problem of efficiently evaluating set containment joins. For unnested external representation, the set containment join can be expressed directly in SQL. By contrast, the most obvious algorithm for computing set containment joins on nested representations is the signature nested loops algorithm, which computes set signatures and compares each signature in a relation with all the signatures in the other relation. To improve on the performance of this algorithm we propose a new partitioned set join algorithm (PSJ), which uses a multi-level scheme of partitioning by replicating the inner relation. Our performance study shows that for extremely small relation and small set cardinalities, the SQL query approach and signature nested loops perform comparably to PSJ. However, as the size of the data sets increase (in both relation and set cardinality), PSJ clearly dominates.
Morality and the Glass Ceiling: How Elite Rhetoric Reflects Gendered Strategies and Perspectives

Abstract Moral rhetoric presents a strategic dilemma for female politicians, who must navigate stereotypes while appealing to copartisan voters. In this article, we investigate how gender shapes elite moral rhetoric given the influence of partisanship, ideology, gender stereotypes, and moral psychology. Drawing on moral foundations theory, we examine how female and male representatives differ in their emphasis on the five foundations of care, fairness, authority, loyalty, and purity. Using the Moral Foundations Dictionary, we analyze a corpus of 2.23 million tweets by U.S. Congress members between 2013 and 2021. We find that female representatives are more likely to emphasize care and less likely to emphasize authority and loyalty than their male peers. However, when subsetting by party, we find that gender effects are most pronounced among Democrats and largely negligible among Republicans. These findings offer insight into the rhetorical dynamics of political leadership at the intersection of gender and partisan identities.
An Interpolation of Hardy Inequality and Trudinger–Moser Inequality in ℝN and Its Applications

We establish an interpolation of Hardy inequality and Trudinger–Moser inequality in R N (N ≥ 2). Denote u u 1,τ ≤1 1,τ RN = R N (|∇u| 1 |x|β eα|u| N+ τ |u| N )dx N/(N−1)N−2−m=0 1/N for any τ > 0. There holds α m|u|mN/(N−1) m! dx < ∞ 1/(N−1)βα, ω N−1 α N + N ≤ 1, where 0 ≤ β < N, α N = Nω N−1 N−1 . The above interpolation can be used to establish if and only if is the volume of the unit sphere sufficient conditions under which the quasilinear nonhomogeneous partial differential equation −Nu+V(x)|u| N−2 u =f(x,u)|x|β + h(x) in R N has weak solutions, where −uous potential, f behaves like N−2 ∇u) is the N-Laplacian, V isN u = −div(|∇u|N/(N−1) when |u| → ∞, h ∈ (W1,N (R N ))∗ , 0 < β eα|u| > 0.
High-performance work system and transformational leadership for employee constructive voice: unique and relative importance in a high-power distance context

Abstract Constructive employee voice is important but challenging to promote in high power distance contexts. The unique and relative importance of HRM systems and leadership in promoting it is more generally little understood. This study investigates the unique and relative importance of a high-performance work system (HPWS) and transformational leadership (TL) for constructive employee voice behavior, as well as how individual-level power distance orientation (PDO) moderates those relationships. The analyses are based on a sample of 403 subordinates of middle managers in 232 domestic Russian organizations. The results show that both TL and HPWS relate positively to employee voice, but most importantly that HPWS is more strongly so related, that it significantly substitutes the relationship between TL and voice, and that the relationship between HPWS and voice is further strengthened by employee PDO. We also conducted post-hoc qualitative interviews with 25 employees in domestic Russian organizations to triangulate our quantitative results. The study contributes to research on employee voice, in particular to research on the relative importance of its antecedents, and to the emerging body of research that simultaneously considers HRM and leadership.
‘I had to bear the brunt’- the impact on worker bodies of the marketisation of aged care

ABSTRACT This study reveals the centrality of the exploitation of the worker body in the marketised context of aged care in Australia. Support workers are on the front line of the delivery of aged care services, yet remain low paid, undervalued and subject to increasingly precarious work. They perform a ‘Taylorised’ labour process within strict task and time requirements, which is at odds with the care needs of aged clients, in both residential facilities and in the private homes of aged clients. A conceptualisation of an ‘embodied labour process’ of support work is proposed to highlight the depth and complexity of the embodied labour power exploited in this labour process. The study finds that worker bodies experience considerable physical, mental and emotional strain from this exploitation. The study argues that the marketisation of aged care is in fact reliant upon the exploitation of these hidden, vulnerable and disposable worker bodies.