Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
No relationship between chronotype and timing of breeding when variation in daily activity patterns across the breeding season is taken into account

Abstract There is increasing evidence that individuals are consistent in the timing of their daily activities, and that individual variation in temporal behavior is related to the timing of reproduction. However, it remains unclear whether observed patterns relate to the timing of the onset of activity or whether an early onset of activity extends the time that is available for foraging. This may then again facilitate reproduction. Furthermore, the timing of activity onset and offset may vary across the breeding season, which may complicate studying the above‐mentioned relationships. Here, we examined in a wild population of great tits (Parus major) whether an early clutch initiation date may be related to an early onset of activity and/or to longer active daylengths. We also investigated how these parameters are affected by the date of measurement. To test these hypotheses, we measured emergence and entry time from/into the nest box as proxies for activity onset and offset in females during the egg laying phase. We then determined active daylength. Both emergence time and active daylength were related to clutch initiation date. However, a more detailed analysis showed that the timing of activities with respect to sunrise and sunset varied throughout the breeding season both within and among individuals. The observed positive relationships are hence potentially statistical artifacts. After methodologically correcting for this date effect, by using data from the pre‐egg laying phase, where all individuals were measured on the same days, neither of the relationships remained significant. Taking methodological pitfalls and temporal variation into account may hence be crucial for understanding the significance of chronotypes.
Quasi-unipotence of overconvergent F-crystals

Building on our previous papers (math.AG/0102173, math.AG/0105244, math.AG/0106192) we prove that every overconvergent F-isocrystal over k((t)) is quasi-unipotent (in the sense of Crew), for k a field of positive characteristic.
A Parasitoid Puzzle: Phylogenomics, Total-evidence Dating, and the Role of Gondwanan Vicariance in the Diversification of Labeninae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae)

Abstract Biogeographic patterns in the Southern Hemisphere have largely been attributed to vicariant processes, but recent studies have challenged some of the classic examples of this paradigm. The parasitoid wasp subfamily Labeninae has been hypothesized to have a Gondwanan origin, but the lack of divergence dating analysis and the discovery of a putative labenine fossil in Europe pose a challenge to that idea. Here we used a combination of phylogenomics, divergence dating and event-based biogeographical inference to test whether Gondwanan vicariance may explain the distribution patterns of Labeninae. Data from genomic ultraconserved elements were used to infer the phylogeny of Labeninae with 54 species from 9 genera and a broad selection of 99 outgroup taxa. Total-evidence divergence dating places the origin of Labeninae at around 146 mya, which is consistent with a Gondwanan origin but predates the full separation of Africa and South America. The results suggest a path for biotic exchange between South America and Australia potentially through Antarctica, until at least 49 million years ago. Total-evidence analysis places the fossil Trigonator macrocheirus Spasojevic et al. firmly inside crown-group Labeninae, suggesting that labenine distribution range at some point during the Eocene surpassed the boundaries of Gondwanaland. Biogeographic inference also indicates that North American groups represent more recent range expansions that nonetheless occurred before the formation of the Isthmus of Panama land bridge. These conclusions point to a more complex scenario than previously expected for Labeninae biogeography.
The Third Sector and Climate Change: A Literature Review and Agenda for Future Research and Action

This article presents a summary review of the voluntary sector literature on third sector organizations (TSOs) and climate change. As governments around the world fail to respond adequately to the climate crisis, TSOs are called upon to work with governments, advocate for policy change, and support communities. However, the literature on TSOs and climate change remains limited. We reviewed 68 articles about TSOs and climate change and identified four mechanisms for voluntary action on climate change, which vary on two dimensions—focusing on advocacy or implementation and occurring within or outside government—and include policy advocacy, advocacy for behavior change, participation in governance, and direct interventions. We conclude with five key areas for future research: explaining the relationship between advocacy strategies and context, foregrounding the role of TSOs in climate governance, exploring direct interventions by TSOs, examining community-based TSOs, and linking TSO action and climate outcomes.
Weyl-Weyl correlator in de Donder gauge on de Sitter space

We compute the linearized Weyl-Weyl correlator using a new solution for the graviton propagator on de Sitter background in de Donder gauge. The result agrees exactly with a previous computation in a noncovariant gauge. We also use dimensional regularization to compute the one-loop expectation value of the square of the Weyl tensor.
The object behaviour analysis, control and prognosis in a state space.

The paper deals with possibility of analyzing the behaviour of complex processes, controlling them and their prognosis in a state space. We express the coefficients of the state equations with increases in terms of the coefficients of the partial regression models based on the KolmogorovGabor equations with sensitivity functions [3]. Then we examine what derived increases’ values can mean. And whether they can be used in order to predict future values of the studied process. The results are promising for the processes characterized by certain regularities (without noises). Streszczenie. ́ ́ ́ ́ ́ ́ ́ ́ ́ ́ ́ Poniższy artykuł omawia możliwosc analizowania zachowania się złożonych procesów, sterowania nimi oraz ich prognostyki w przestrzeni stanów. Próbujemy wyrazic współczynniki równan stanów w przyrostach poprzez współczynniki cząstkowych modeli regresyjnych opartych na równaniach Kołmogorowa-Gabora zawierających funkcje wrażliwosci [3]. Badamy, jaki sens mogą miec uzyskane wartosci przyrostów oraz czy można ich wartosci wykorzystac w celu predykcji przyszłych wartosci badanego procesu. Dla funkcji charakteryzujących się pewnymi regularnosciami (brak szumów) wyniki są obiecujące. (Analiza zachowania się obiektów, ich kontrola i prognoza w przestrzeni stanów)
Woman Entrepreneur in China

The number of women entrepreneurs in China has increased rapidly with the development of China‘s new economy. These entrepreneurs. This study seeks to identify the key patterns in the entrepreneurial development of woman entrepreneur in China that influence their career paths and success. We study the entrepreneurial development of women entrepreneurs in China through historical review. Future research using a larger and perhaps more representative sample is encouraged to increase generalizability of the outcome. This study contributes to a better understanding of the role of woman entrepreneur in the economic in China, and advances the growing literature on this subject.
Current Trends in Anticancer Drug Delivery System for Oral Cancer- A PRISMA complaint Systematic Review

Oral cancer is a deadly disease affecting worldwide. Despite developments of conventional cancer therapy, there has been little improvement in the survival rates. This culminated in the evolution of a targeted. New Drug Delivery System, discovering novel objectives for successful drug delivery and synergistic combination of anticancer agents to minimize side effects. The main focus was on understanding the various aspects of different targeted drug delivery vehicles used in the treatment of oral cancer including advantages, disadvantages, and future perspectives. A literature search was accomplished from 2005 to 2020 via Google scholar. PubMed, EBSCO, Embase, and Scopus databases along with Clinical trials registries using the terms oral buccal thin films, Hyperthermia and Thermoablation, Intra-tumoral, Photodynamic, Immunotherapy, photothermal, and ultrasound therapy in oral cancer. The articles were scrutinized and those which were not relevant to our search were omitted. Clinical trials on targeted drug delivery systems for Oral Cancer being conducted or completed around the world from various registries of clinical trials have also been searched out and the findings were tabulated in the end. The PRISMA 2020 guidelines were followed. The treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) mostly depends upon the location, type, and stage of the tumor. Vivid targeted drug delivery systems are being used in the therapeutic interventions of oral cancer as they aim for specific target site delivery and are the most appropriate treatment. Active Pharmacological Ingredient (API) is taken to the targeting site, sparing non-target organs or cells, triggering selective and efficient localization, thereby maximizing the therapeutic index with minimizing toxicity. The successful targeted drug delivery system works on four principles i.e. Retain, Evade, Target and Release, which means loading of sufficient drug into a suitable drug carrier, does not affect body secretions, long duration in circulation, reaching the targeted site and, drug release within the time for effective functioning of the drug. All techniques described in this paper have proven to show effective results. Oral Cancer is an emerging public health problem worldwide. Various conventional therapies are used for treating oral cancer, but they enclose variable degrees of side effects both on the body as well as the cellular microenvironment. With advanced technology, many other aids have been introduced in the field of oncology to treat oral cancer with minimal side effects. All techniques described in this paper have proven to show effective results in the therapeutic interventions of oral cancer. Moreover, they can be used even in combination with conventional drug therapy to show beneficial outcomes. Several clinical trials are being conducted and completed in this aspect to investigate definite results of these therapies, yet robust research is needed for further confirmation.
Development and evaluation of a search-and-rescue robot Paripreksya 2.0 for WRS 2020

ABSTRACT In recent years, the influence of robotics in search-and-rescue missions has become relevant. Robots can provide human rescue teams with valuable information about the disaster area, track victims and speed up the rescue operation. The disaster robot category challenge at the World Robot Summit (WRS) is a platform where emerging technologies in search-and-rescue robot developments are evaluated. This paper describes the design, development and implementation of a teleoperated all-terrain search-and-rescue robot, Paripreksya 2.0, for participation in the Standard Disaster Challenge. The robot was integrated with a 4-DoF robotic manipulator for performing dexterity tasks along with tracks and four assistive flippers for locomotion. The design of the robot was done in SolidWorks and the stability constraints of the robot while climbing stairs and slopes are also calculated. The software of the robot was built on the ROS framework. The robot was designed to perform various tasks including staircase climbing, negotiation of obstacles, opening and closing of valves, manoeuvring, plant inspection, etc. Our team has secured the best-in-class dexterity award at the WRS 2020 challenge. The performance of the robot was evaluated using the scores from different challenges held at the WRS competition. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Review on Superconducting Materials

Short review of the topical comprehension of the superconductor materials classes Cuprate High-Temperature Superconductors, other oxide superconductors, Iron-based Superconductors, Heavy-Fermion Superconductors, Nitride Superconductors, Organic and other Carbon-based Superconductors and Boride and Borocarbide Superconductors, featuring their present theoretical understanding and their aspects with respect to technical applications.
A note on quantum one-way permutations

We discuss the question of the existence of quantum one-way permutations. First, we prove the equivalence between inverting a permutation and that of constructing a polynomial size network for reflecting about a given quantum state. Next, we consider the question: if a state is difficult to prepare, is the operator reflecting about that state difficult to construct? By revisiting Grover's algorithm, we present the relationship between this question and the existence of one-way permutations. Moreover, we compare our method to Grover's algorithm and discuss possible applications of our results.
Breeding and Post-Breeding Behavior of the Ghost Bat (Macroderma gigas) at Perth Zoo

Understanding the behavior of wildlife in zoo environments is necessary to determine species’ welfare states and minimize stress whilst optimizing social groupings, particularly where breeding programs are being undertaken. This observational study investigated the behavior and welfare of six groupings of ghost bats (Macroderma gigas) across the breeding and post-breeding seasons within Perth Zoo, Western Australia. Scan sampling was used to record behavioral states and interactions along with spatial preferences within enclosures for 198 hours of observations. A total of 11,895 interval observations were conducted during the study period. Exploratory behavior was correlated with enclosure size, with 18.7% of the total observations in the largest enclosure compared with only 7.1% of them in the smallest enclosure. Male ghost bats engaged in negative behaviors in 40.2% of observed male-male interactions, regardless of the season. Non-breeding females engaged in more female-female negative behaviors during the breeding season, while negative behaviors increased in the breeding female group after the end of the breeding season. This study highlights areas where management practice may be optimized in a zoo setting and provides evidence to consider revising standards of enclosure size for chiropteran species. An increase in heating structures and feeding platforms could also reduce the number of negative interactions between individuals. Given that ghost bats in the wild are listed as Vulnerable, zoo population management and breeding may form an integral part of conservation planning for this species in the near future. As the first published study of zoo-housed ghost bats, these findings help provide insight into the behaviors and interactions of ghost bats in different social groupings across the breeding and post-breeding seasons.
Effects of Different Types of Aerosols on Deep Convective Clouds and Anvil Cirrus

Deep convective clouds and associated anvils exert opposite radiative effects. The impact of different aerosol types on these two categories of clouds remains a major challenge in understanding aerosol‐cloud interactions. Using 11‐year satellite retrievals, we find that cloud top height (CTH) and ice cloud fraction of deep convective clouds and anvil cirrus identified by Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization increase with small aerosol loadings and level off or even decrease with further aerosol increase. Compared with continental aerosols, CTH affected by marine aerosols starts to decrease at smaller aerosol loadings. Moreover, cloud optical depth (COD) of deep convective clouds decreases with aerosol loadings. COD of anvil cirrus increases with increased loadings of most aerosol types but decreases with smoke aerosol. These relationships are mainly attributed to the aerosol effect rather than the meteorological effects. Our findings contribute to the development of models and better assessment of aerosol‐cloud radiative forcing.
Upregulation of the oestrogen target gene SIX1 is associated with higher growth speed and decreased survival in HCV-positive women with hepatocellular carcinoma

The male/female ratio of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is often unbalanced towards the male sex, indicating a sex predisposition for HCC development. A possible explanation may be attributed to different hormonal statuses, including the pro-inflammatory action of androgens in men and the protective effects of oestrogen against excessive inflammation in women. Although several studies have studied gene expression in patients with HCC, very few have attempted to identify features that could be distinctive between male and female patients. The present study aimed to identify distinctive signalling mechanisms between men and women that may be associated with HCC progression. The present study analysed a detailed microarray database that was obtained from the prospective study of 78 patients with HCC to study gene expression according to sex. In addition, the present study aimed to evaluate whether the differentially expressed genes were known oestrogen targets. Moreover, RNAs from the HCC cohort were evaluated for microRNA (miRNA/miR) expression, and a relationship between miRNA and gene expression according to sex was investigated. One gene, sineoculis homeobox homolog 1 (SIX1), which is known to be an oestrogen target gene, was revealed to be highly upregulated in hepatitis virus C (HCV)-positive female patients with HCC but not in HCV-positive male patients. In addition, SIX1 upregulation had a significant relationship with tumour growth speed (assessed as tumour doubling time in two CTs performed 6 weeks apart) and survival (P=0.009 and P=0.042, respectively) in female patients only. Furthermore, SIX1 upregulation was related with miR-421 and miR-9-5p only in male patients; however, in female patients, SIX1 upregulation had a direct relationship with miR-181b, miR-503-5p and miR-125b (miRNAs with potential oncogenic capacity), and an inverse correlation with miR139-5p, miR-26b, let7c-3p and let7c-5p (putatively oncosuppressive microRNAs). These data suggested a distinctive model for liver carcinogenesis in HCV-positive women, with downregulation of protective mechanisms against tumour progression and the activation of potential oncogenes, in relation to the oestrogen target gene SIX1. (IRB10/08_CE_UniRer; ClinicalTrials ID: NCT01657695).
An automated essay evaluation system using natural language processing and sentiment analysi

An automated essay evaluation system is a machine-based approach leveraging long short-term memory (LSTM) model to award grades to essays written in English language. natural language processing (NLP) is used to extract feature representations from the essays. The LSTM network learns from the extracted features and generates parameters for testing and validation. The main objectives of the research include proposing and training an LSTM model using a dataset of manually graded essays with scores. Sentiment analysis is performed to determine the sentiment of the essay as either positive, negative or neutral. The twitter sample dataset is used to build sentiment classifier that analyzes the sentiment based on the student’s approach towards a topic. Additionally, each essay is subjected to detection of syntactical errors as well as plagiarism check to detect the novelty of the essay. The overall grade is calculated based on the quality of the essay, the number of syntactic errors, the percentage of plagiarism found and sentiment of the essay. The corrected essay is provided as feedback to the students. This essay grading model has gained an average quadratic weighted kappa (QWK) score of 0.911 with 99.4% accuracy for the sentiment analysis classifier.
Performance‐guaranteed containment control for pure‐feedback multi agent systems via reinforcement learning algorithm

In this article, a performance‐guaranteed containment control scheme based on reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm is proposed for a class of pure‐feedback multi agent systems (MASs) with unmeasurable states. The unknown nonlinear functions are approximated by the neural networks (NNs) and an adaptive NN state observer is designed for the states estimation. Based on estimated states, the algebraic loop problem can be removed by introducing filtered signals, and the actor‐critic architecture of RL algorithm is employed to acquire the optimal controller in the framework of backstepping. Different from many optimal strategies, this article proposes a simpler mechanism based on the uniqueness of the optimal solution to obtain the actor and critic updating laws instead of gradient descent algorithm with complicated calculation. In addition, predefined performance function and an improved error transformation technique are utilized to guarantee the containment error within a prescribed boundary. By using Lyapunov stability theory and graph theory, the stability of the closed‐loop system can be demonstrated. Finally, the effectiveness of the method proposed in this article is verified by a simulation example.
A Fully Informative Phasor Measurement Unit for Distribution Networks With Harmonic Distortion

We introduce a fully informative distribution network phasor measurement unit (FI-DPMU), that is capable of performing a simultaneous estimation of phasor dynamics and harmonic components. This is in contrast with current state-of-the-art devices, that only provide information about the fundamental component of voltages/currents—by discriminating or filtering-out their harmonic content. The FI-DPMU hence represents a significant economical solution, since it bypasses the need to deploy power quality analyzers to retrieve full information about the network. To validate the accuracy of the FI-DPMU, we performed a hardware-in-the-loop implementation to emulate a distribution network that is subject to abrupt frequency variations and high harmonic distortion. The tests demonstrate that the FI-DPMU satisfies the standards of distribution network phasor measurement units (DPMUs), providing a real-time fast Fourier transform (FFT) as additional feature. Experimental results show a comparison between FI-DPMU measurement data with the information provided by a commercial DPMU.
Novel High-Q Partially Air-Filled Pedestal Resonator and Filter Integrated in a Printed Circuit Board (PCB)

In this paper, a resonator and second order filter are fabricated using a novel technological process based on micromachining and thermo-diffusion. The use of this innovative process opens the way to the design of RF components relying on partially air-filled Substrate Integrated Waveguides (SIW). These topologies and particularly the proposed partially air-filled pedestal SIW resonator is suitable to design high-Q, yet compact SIW resonators. In this paper, a study of partially air-filled pedestal SIW resonator is proposed to offer an optimized trade-off between Q-factor and compactness. Then, based on this study, a partially air-filled pedestal resonator working at 5 GHz is designed and manufactured. The measured prototype exhibits a Q-factor of 285, which represents a 53 % increase in Q-factor compared to a fully dielectrically-filled-in pedestal SIW resonator, while the size is kept constant. Finally, a second order filter based on this resonator topology is also designed, measured and discussed.