Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Integrated transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics to identify biomarkers of astragaloside IV against cerebral ischemic injury in rats.

The herb Astragali Radix is a food-medicine herb. A major component of Astragali Radix, astragaloside IV (AS-IV), has neuroprotective effects in IS, but its mechanisms are not well understood. Our research used a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model for longitudinal multi-omics analyses of the side of the brain affected by ischemia. Based on transcriptomic and proteomic analysis, we found that 396 differential expression targets were up-regulated and 114 differential expression targets were down-regulated. A total of 117 differential metabolites were identified based on metabonomics. Finally, we found 8 hub genes corresponding to the compound-reaction-enzyme-gene network using the Metscape plug-in for Cytoscape 3.7. 1. We found that the related key metabolites were 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine, 2-aminomuconate semialdehyde, (R)-3-hydroxybutanoate, etc., and the affected pathways were tyrosine metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, butanoate metabolism, purine metabolism, etc. We further validated these targets using 4D-PRM proteomics and found that seven targets were significantly different, including Aprt, Atic, Gaa, Galk1, Glb1, Me2, and Hexa. We aimed to uncover the mechanism of AS-IV in the treatment of ischemic brain injury through a comprehensive strategy combining transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics.
Parasitism causes changes in caterpillar odours and associated bacterial communities with consequences for host-location by a hyperparasitoid

Microorganisms living in and on macroorganisms may produce microbial volatile compounds (mVOCs) that characterise organismal odours. The mVOCs might thereby provide a reliable cue to carnivorous enemies in locating their host or prey. Parasitism by parasitoid wasps might alter the microbiome of their caterpillar host, affecting organismal odours and interactions with insects of higher trophic levels such as hyperparasitoids. Hyperparasitoids parasitise larvae or pupae of parasitoids, which are often concealed or inconspicuous. Odours of parasitised caterpillars aid them to locate their host, but the origin of these odours and its relationship to the caterpillar microbiome are unknown. Here, we analysed the odours and microbiome of the large cabbage white caterpillar Pieris brassicae in relation to parasitism by its endoparasitoid Cotesia glomerata. We identified how bacterial presence in and on the caterpillars is correlated with caterpillar odours and tested the attractiveness of parasitised and unparasitised caterpillars to the hyperparasitoid Baryscapus galactopus. We manipulated the presence of the external microbiome and the transient internal microbiome of caterpillars to identify the microbial origin of odours. We found that parasitism by C. glomerata led to the production of five characteristic volatile products and significantly affected the internal and external microbiome of the caterpillar, which were both found to have a significant correlation with caterpillar odours. The preference of the hyperparasitoid was correlated with the presence of the external microbiome. Likely, the changes in external microbiome and body odour after parasitism were driven by the resident internal microbiome of caterpillars, where the bacterium Wolbachia sp. was only present after parasitism. Micro-injection of Wolbachia in unparasitised caterpillars increased hyperparasitoid attraction to the caterpillars compared to untreated caterpillars, while no differences were found compared to parasitised caterpillars. In conclusion, our results indicate that host-parasite interactions can affect multi-trophic interactions and hyperparasitoid olfaction through alterations of the microbiome.
Moral leniency towards belief-consistent disinformation may help explain its spread on social media

The spread of false and misleading information on social media is largely dependent on human action. Understanding the factors that lead social media users to amplify (or indeed intervene in) the spread of this content is an ongoing challenge. Prior research suggests that users are not only more likely to interact with misinformation that supports their ideology or their political beliefs, they may also feel it is more acceptable to spread. However, less is known about the influence of newer, issue-specific beliefs. Two online studies explored the relationship between the degree of belief-consistency of disinformation on users’ moral judgements and intentions to spread disinformation further. Four disinformation narratives were presented: disinformation that supported or undermined the UK Government’s handling of COVID-19, and disinformation that minimised or maximised the perceived risk of COVID-19. A novel scale for measuring intentions to contribute to the spread of social media content was also used in study 2. Participants reported greater likelihood of spreading false material that was consistent with their beliefs. More lenient moral judgements related to the degree of belief-consistency with disinformation, even when participants were aware the material was false or misleading. These moral judgements partially mediated the relationship between belief-consistency of content and intentions to spread it further on social media. While people are concerned about the spread of disinformation generally, they may evaluate belief-consistent disinformation differently from others in a way that permits them to spread it further. As social media platforms prioritise the ordering of feeds based on personal relevance, there is a risk that users could be being presented with disinformation that they are more tolerant of.
Relationship between stair ascent gait speed, bone density and gait characteristics of postmenopausal women

Stair ascent is a biomechanically challenging task for older women. Bone health may affect gait stability during stair walking. This study investigated the gait biomechanics associated with stair ascent in a group of postmenopausal women in relation to walking speed and bone health, quantified by T-score. Forty-five healthy women (mean (SD) age: 67 (14) years), with bone density ranging from healthy to osteoporotic (T-score range +1 to -3), ascended a custom-made five-step staircase with two embedded force plates, surrounded by 10 motion capture cameras, at their self-selected speed. Multivariate regression analyses investigated the explained variance in gait parameters in relation to stair ascent speed and T-score of each individual. Stair ascent speed was 0.65 (0.1) m·s-1 and explained the variance (R2 = 9 to 47%, P ≤ 0.05) in most gait parameters. T-score explained additional variance in stride width (R2 = 20%, P = 0.014), pelvic hike (R2 = 19%, P = 0.011), pelvic drop (R2 = 21%, P = 0.007) and hip adduction (R2 = 7%, P = 0.054). Increased stride width, and thereby a wider base of support, accompanied by increased frontal plane hip kinematics, could be important strategies to improve dynamic stability during stair ascent among this group of women. These findings suggest that targeted exercises of the hip abductors and adductors, including core trunk musculature, could improve dynamic stability during more challenging locomotor tasks. Balance exercises that challenge base of support could also benefit older women with low bone mineral density who may be at risk of falls.
EIGENFUNCTIONAL EXPANSION OF DYADIC GREEN'S FUNCTIONS IN GYROTROPIC MEDIA USING CYLINDRICAL VECTOR WAVE FUNCTIONS - Abstract

This paper presents a novel eigenfunction expansion of the electric-type dyadic Green's function for an unbounded gyrotropic medium in terms of the cylindrical vector wave functions. The unbounded Green dyadics are formulated based on the Ohm-Rayleigh method, orthogonality of the vector wave functions, and the newly formulated curl and divergence of dyadic identities. The irrotational part of the Green's function is obtained from the residual theorem. Unlike some of the published work where some assumptions are made prior to the formulation, the irrotational dyadic Green's function in this paper is formulated rigorously based on the idea given by Tai.
Low sulfated heparan sulfate mimetic differentially affects repair in immune‐mediated and toxin‐induced experimental models of demyelination

There is an urgent need for therapies that target the multicellular pathology of central nervous system (CNS) disease. Modified, nonanticoagulant heparins mimic the heparan sulfate glycan family and are known regulators of multiple cellular processes. In vitro studies have demonstrated that low sulfated modified heparin mimetics (LS‐mHeps) drive repair after CNS demyelination. Herein, we test LS‐mHep7 (an in vitro lead compound) in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and cuprizone‐induced demyelination. In EAE, LS‐mHep7 treatment resulted in faster recovery and rapidly reduced inflammation which was accompanied by restoration of animal weight. LS‐mHep7 treatment had no effect on remyelination or on OLIG2 positive oligodendrocyte numbers within the corpus callosum in the cuprizone model. Further in vitro investigation confirmed that LS‐mHep7 likely mediates its pro‐repair effect in the EAE model by sequestering inflammatory cytokines, such as CCL5 which are upregulated during immune‐mediated inflammatory attacks. These data support the future clinical translation of this next generation modified heparin as a treatment for CNS diseases with active immune system involvement.
Importance of Dietary Uptake for in Situ Bioaccumulation of Systemic Fungicides Using Gammarus pulex as a Model Organism

Bioaccumulation of organic contaminants from contaminated food sources might pose an underestimated risk toward shredding invertebrates. This assumption is substantiated by monitoring studies observing discrepancies of predicted tissue concentrations determined from laboratory‐based experiments compared with measured concentrations of systemic pesticides in gammarids. To elucidate the role of dietary uptake in bioaccumulation, gammarids were exposed to leaf material from trees treated with a systemic fungicide mixture (azoxystrobin, cyprodinil, fluopyram, and tebuconazole), simulating leaves entering surface waters in autumn. Leaf concentrations, spatial distribution, and leaching behavior of fungicides were characterized using liquid chromatography coupled with high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐HRMS/MS) and matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization‐mass spectrometric imaging. The contribution of leached fungicides and fungicides taken up from feeding was assessed by assembling caged (no access) and uncaged (access to leaves) gammarids. The fungicide dynamics in the test system were analyzed using LC‐HRMS/MS and toxicokinetic modeling. In addition, a summer scenario was simulated where water was the initial source of contamination and leaves contaminated by sorption. The uptake, translocation, and biotransformation of systemic fungicides by trees were compound‐dependent. Internal fungicide concentrations of gammarids with access to leaves were much higher than in caged gammarids of the autumn scenario, but the difference was minimal in the summer scenario. In food choice and dissectioning experiments gammarids did not avoid contaminated leaves and efficiently assimilated contaminants from leaves, indicating the relevance of this exposure pathway in the field. The present study demonstrates the potential impact of dietary uptake on in situ bioaccumulation for shredders in autumn, outside the main application period. The toxicokinetic parameters obtained facilitate modeling of environmental exposure scenarios. The uncovered significance of dietary uptake for detritivores warrants further consideration from scientific as well as regulatory perspectives. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1993–2006. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Blood flow restricted walking alters gait kinematics

ABSTRACT This study investigated the impact of blood flow restriction (BFR) during treadmill walking on gait kinematics. Twenty-one participants completed one familiarisation and four experimental sessions, including two walking speeds (moderate [5.0 ± 0.3km·h−1] and fast [6.4 ± 0.4km·h−1]) and two occlusion conditions (BFR [60% of arterial occlusion pressure] and unrestricted). For each exercise intensity, the BFR session was performed first. Participants were instructed to walk as long as possible, with sessions capped at 20 min. Unrestricted sessions were time-matched, and the order of exercise intensity was randomised. Kinematics were collected over 10s every minute using retro-reflective markers affixed to specific body landmarks. Ratings of perceived exertion and discomfort were collected every two minutes. Blood samples were collected from the fingertip pre-exercise and the finger and toe post-exercise, and were analysed for lactate, electrolytes, and markers of cell-membrane damage. During the BFR sessions the cuffs remained inflated while the blood samples were collected. Fast-walk BFR sessions exhibited higher anterior trunk flexion (p = 0.001) and knee flexion during stance (p = 0.001) compared to all other sessions. Step width was increased during BFR sessions (p = 0.001), but no difference in step length (p = 0.300) or cadence (p = 0.922) were observed. The time required to elicit change in anterior trunk flexion and plantar-flexion angle at toe-off was shorter during BFR sessions (p = 0.024). The BFR sessions elicited the highest ratings of perceived exertion and discomfort, as well as blood lactate concentration (p ≤ 0.001). Application of BFR during moderate and fast treadmill walking modifies gait kinematics and exacerbates exercise-related sensations as well as blood lactate concentration. Highlights Applying blood flow restriction changes walking kinematics, causing an overall increase in anterior trunk flexion and knee flexion during stance while simultaneously reducing plantar-flexion angle at toe-off and ankle joint velocity. Applying blood flow restriction exacerbate exercise-related sensations of exertion and discomfort. Sample site does not influence the level of post-exercise blood lactate or markers of cell-membrane potential and damage.
Airplane Identification Method in Blur Images

Aiming at the airplane identification problem in blur image, a novel airplane identification method based on corner and kernel clustering is presented. The new method extracts corners of the image, classifies corners using kernel clustering, and then detects airplane corners based on clustering result and finishes identification of airplanes. In the kernel clustering algorithm, by introducing validity measure function, the clustering algorithm can get the sort number self-adaptively, and overcomes the weakness of existing kernel clustering algorithm which must set the sort number before clustering. Experiment results show that the corner feature is invariant, the self-adaptive kernel clustering algorithm can recognize airplanes correctly in blur images and is applicable.
Properties and solutions of the steady-state neoclassical transport equations

Some results on the properties and solutions of the steady-state form of the neoclassical transport equations are presented for regimes of interest to feasibility experiments and reactors. An analytical solution is obtained for the special case dT/dr = 0. For dT/dr ≠0, an analytic solution is found for the particle density n(r) in terms of the current j(r) and the temperature T(r). For a prescribed j(r), a single differential equation remains to find the temperature profile. The numerical results suggest that neoclassical scaling does not admit self-sustained fusion plasma operation (n ∼ 1014/cm3, T ∼ 10 keV) except in plasmas of uninterestingly small sizes (Ip <500 kA).
Time‐varying association of second primary malignancy and long‐term survival outcomes in patients with head and neck cancer

A high risk of developing second primary malignancy (SPM) has been reported among head and neck cancer patients. Here, we aimed to statistically quantify the impact of SPM development on the survival of head and neck cancer patients. Our study was conducted using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database to collect the data of 48 316 patients who received curative surgical resection for initial primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (IP‐HNSCC) in 1975 to 2019. SPM diagnosis was treated as a time‐varying covariate and multivariable Cox regression analysis was conducted to estimate the association between SPM development and survival, overall or by the subsite of IP‐HNSCC. Of the included patients, 11 238 patients (23.3%) developed SPM during the follow‐up period. A significant reduction in survival was observed among patients with SPM (hazard ratio [HR] for overall survival, 3.30; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.20‐3.41). The impact of SPM development on reduced survival was more significant in patients with localized IP‐HNSCC vs regional IP‐HNSCC (HROS, 3.41; 95% CI: 3.24‐3.6 vs HROS, 3.18; 95% CI: 3.05‐3.31; P for interaction <.001). The survival impact of SPM development was more evident in younger patients than in older patients. SPM in lung and bronchus was associated with the most pronounced reduction in survival, overall and across all subsites of HNSCC. Our results indicated that SPM development led to a significant reduction in survival. A greater survival benefit may be achieved through intensive surveillance for SPM in lung and bronchus targeting younger patients and those with localized HNSCC.
TMA in Kidney Transplantation

Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a rare and devastating complication of kidney transplantation, which often leads to graft failure. Posttransplant TMA (PT-TMA) may occur either de novo or as a recurrence of the disease. De novo TMA can be triggered by immunosuppressant drugs, antibody-mediated rejection, viral infections, and ischemia/reperfusion injury in patients with no evidence of the disease before transplantation. Recurrent TMA may occur in the kidney grafts of patients with a history of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) in the native kidneys. Studies have shown that some patients with aHUS carry genetic abnormalities that affect genes that code for complement regulators (CFH, MCP, CFI) and components (C3 and CFB), whereas in 10% of patients (mostly children), anti-FH autoantibodies have been reported. The incidence of aHUS recurrence is determined by the underlying genetic or acquired complement abnormality. Although treatment of the causative agents is usually the first line of treatment for de novo PT-TMA, this approach might be insufficient. Plasma exchange typically resolves hematologic abnormalities but does not improve kidney function. Targeted complement inhibition is an effective treatment for recurrent TMA and may be effective in de novo PT-TMA as well, but it is necessary to establish which patients can benefit from different therapeutic options and when and how these can be applied.
Simulation of dispersion in heterogeneous porous formations: Statistics, first‐order theories, convergence of computations

This paper discusses the results of numerical analysis of dispersion of passive solutes in two-dimensional heterogeneous porous formations. Statistics of flow and transport variables, the accuracy and the role of approximations implicit in existing first-order theories, and the convergence of computational results are investigated. The results suggest that quite different rates of convergence with Monte Carlo runs hold for different spatial moments and that over 1000 realizations are required to stabilize second moments even for relatively mild heterogeneity (sigma(Y)2 < 1.6). This has implications for the extent of the spatial domain for single-realization numerical studies of the same type. A comparison of the variance of plumes with the results of linear theories (0.05 < sigma(Y)2 < 1.6) shows an unexpectedly broad validity field for the theoretical solution obtained from a suitable linearization of flow and transport. Reformulation of the same problem linearizing in tum the flow or the transport equations shows opposite deviations from the linear theory. The interesting consequence is that the errors induced by linearizations in the flow or the transport equations have different signs, and their effects on the moments of dispersing plumes are compensating, thereby yielding consistent formulations. Unexpected features of the statistics of probability distributions of longitudinal and transverse velocities and travel times are also computed and discussed.
Structural and functional regulation of Chlamydomonas lysosome-related organelles during environmental changes.

Lysosome-related organelles (LROs) are a class of heterogeneous organelles conserved in eukaryotes that primarily play a role in storage and secretion. An important function of LROs is to mediate metal homeostasis. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a model organism for studying metal ion metabolism; however, structural and functional analyses of lysosome-related organelles in C. reinhardtii are insufficient. Here, we optimized a method for purifying these organelles from two populations of cells: stationary phase or overloaded with iron. The morphology, elemental content, and lysosomal activities differed between the two preparations, even though both have phosphorus and metal ion storage functions. LROs in stationary-phase cells had multiple non-membrane-bound polyphosphate granules to store phosphorus. Those in iron-overloaded cells were similar to acidocalcisomes, which have a boundary membrane and contain one or two large polyphosphate granules to store more phosphorus. We established a method for quantifying the capacity of lysosome-related organelles to sequester individual trace metals. Based on a comparative proteomic analysis of these two types of LROs, we present a comprehensive acidocalcisome proteome and identified 113 putative acidocalcisome proteins. The methods and protein inventories provide a framework for studying the biogenesis and modification of lysosome-related organelles and the mechanisms by which they participate in regulating metal-ion metabolism.
1/f noise and ballistic mobility in GaN/AlGaN heterostructure field effect transistors in high magnetic fields

ABSTRACT The I-V characteristics of GaN/AlGaN HFET and 1/ f noise at 4K have been measured in strong magnetic fields, where the electron mobility is affected by geometric magnetoresistance. The magnetic field dependence of the 1/ f noise shows that the number of electrons fluctuations is the dominant mechanism of the 1/f noise and precludes the mobility fluctuations mechanism. The channel mobility extracted from the magnetoresistance data first increases with gate bias reaching the maximum value of ~(0.9 1.0) m 2 /Vs at the 2D electron concentration of 5 × 10 12 cm -2 . This maximum value is close to the estimated ballistic mobility limit of 1.2 m 2 /Vs determined by the electron transit time with the Fermi velocity. Keywords: GaN/AlGaN, HFET, 1/f noise, magneto resistance, mobility 1. INTRODUCTION Wide band-gap semiconductors such as GaN, InN, AlN and their ternary alloys have been extensively investigated in recent years because of their potential microwave and optoelectronic applications. High electron sheet concentration in excess of 10