Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Utility Pleases: Sentiment and Utility in The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah EquIano

Abstract:Discussions of the rhetoric of sensibility in Equiano's Interesting Narrative have had little to say about Equiano's frequent appeals to utilitarianism, which seem out of keeping with his appeals to the humanitarian feelings of his readers. I argue that these two aspects of Equiano's rhetoric are mutually reinforcing, following an eighteenth-century tradition that often conflated appeals to the feelings with considerations about utility. Sensibility, as is well known, was indebted to a moral discourse that located feeling as the source of moral recognition, but this same discourse also held that utilitarian considerations informed moral judgments. In line with this tradition, I argue, Equiano invokes the utility inherent in the abolitionist program as an integral part of his endeavor to heighten his readers' sympathy for enslaved Africans.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of a Flow- Induced Cavity Resonance with Application to Automobile Buffeting

Experimental and numerical investigations of the flow-induced resonance of a cavity were conducted, specifically the problem of low-frequency pressure oscillations in automobiles with one open side-glass window. A simplified car model (scaled down by a factor ~ 4.5) was used, with the goal of investigating the bi-directional coupling between the shear layer oscillations and the acoustic response of the cabin. The flow-excited Helmholtz resonance of the vehicle can lead to uncomfortably high "booming" noise levels, a phenomenon referred to as "buffeting". Experiments were carried out in the Daimler- Chrysler Aeroacoustic Wind Tunnel. A commercially available numerical simulation package was used to model this problem. The computational kernel of this software is based on the numerical scheme known as the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) combined with a Renormalization Group (RNG) turbulence model. This scheme may be construed as a Very Large Eddy Simulation (VLES) methodology. Numerical investigations were performed to determine the acoustic response of the car model. Absorbing boundary conditions were added in the numerical model for the acoustic damping to match that measured in parallel experiments. The flow-induced response of the cavity was then simulated over a range of free stream velocities, with careful attention to the details of the car model placement in the wind tunnel. The velocity sweep results are in very good agreement with experimental data. The peak sound pressure levels within the cabin due to buffeting and the associated frequencies were predicted accurately. The velocity range in which buffeting occurs was also captured. The switching from the second Rossiter mode to the first Rossiter mode as velocity is increased was accurately captured. Upon buffeting, the flow structures in the
Wideband Dual-Circular-Polarization Antenna with High Isolation for Millimeter-Wave Wireless Communications

This paper presents a wideband dual-circular-polarization (dual-CP) antenna with high port isolation based on a grooved-wall CP horn combined with an orthomode transducer (OMT) in the W-band. A pair of grooves on the inner wall of the horn serves as an inbuilt polarizer within the horn antenna, which is capable of generating both left-hand circular polarization (LHCP) and right-hand circular polarization (RHCP) without any septum. The continuous linearly-tapered groove design also allows this multi-section grooved-wall CP horn to achieve low reflection coefficients over a wide bandwidth, thereby realizing wideband dual-CP with high port isolation when it is used together with a wideband OMT. A prototype of the proposed dual-CP antenna is designed in simulation and measured in an experiment. The simulated and measured results agree very well, showing that port isolation > 32.5 dB over 31.6% bandwidth from 80 GHz to 110 GHz is achieved with axial ratio (AR) < 2.8 dB and reflection coefficient < –20 dB for both LHCP and RHCP. Rotationally symmetric radiation patterns over the entire operating bandwidth are also observed with a measured gain of 19.6±2 dBic.
Derivation of Closed-Form Design Equations for Idealized Operation of Inverse Class-E Power Amplifiers at Any Duty Ratio

Complementary to the conventional class-E topology, inverse class-E operation has several advantages over the class-E counterpart, such as lower peak switch voltage and smaller circuit inductance, which are attractive to high power RF design and MMIC implementation. This paper derives the closed-form design equations that can be used to synthesize the idealized operation of inverse class-E power amplifiers at any switch duty ratio. Calculation of the key design parameters, such as the maximum switch voltage and circuit components values, is elaborated and compared with the case of conventional class-E operation. Further, the theoretical analysis is confirmed and verified by numerical simulations performed on a 500mW, 2.4GHz idealized inverse class-E power amplifier.
Integrated planar lightwave bio/chem OEIC sensors on Si CMOS circuits

Optical sensing, and the integration of sensors and electronics into Sensor on a Chip and Sensor on a Package systems are an approach to the creation of miniaturized, portable, customizable, low cost sensor systems for rapid health diagnostics, medical research, environmental monitoring, and security monitoring. To integrate optical sensing systems that are autonomous, it is essential to integrate the sensor, light source, and light detection into a single substrate or chip. The integration of this optical system with signal control and processing electronics enable discrimination with individually customized sensors in sensor arrays, and high sensitivity levels. Thin film optoelectronic active device integration with planar optical passive devices is a heterogeneous integration method for fabricating planar lightwave integrated circuits at the chip level and planar lightwave integrated systems at the substrate and package level.
Characterization of shallow silicided junctions for sub-quarter micron ULSI technology. Extraction of silicidation induced Schottky contact area

The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of shallow silicided p/sup +/-n and n/sup +/-p junctions are presented. In the former the diode behavior was same as in nonsilicided junction, while drastic change in diode I-V was observed in the latter. The formation of Schottky contact was conclusively shown to be the root cause of the modified I-V behavior of n/sup +/-p junction in the forward bias region. Poole-Frenkel barrier lowering predominantly influenced the reverse leakage current, masking thereby the effect of Schottky contact. The leakage current in n/sup +/-p diodes was higher than in nonsilicided diodes by two orders of magnitude and this is consistent with the formation of Schottky contact via titanium or titanium-silicide penetrating into the p-substrate and generating trap sites. There is no increase in the leakage current and no formation of Schottky contact in case of the p/sup +/-n junction. The Schottky contact amounting to less than 0.01% of the total junction area and not amenable for SEM or TEM observation was extracted for the first time by simultaneous characterization of forward and reverse characteristics of silicided n/sup +/-p diode.
GEODETIC SLIP RATE ESTIMATES FOR THE KUMERING AND SEMANGKO SEGMENTS OF THE SUMATERA FAULT

The Sumatran fault is a right lateral active inland fault in southern Sumatra, Indonesia. Although historical earthquake records have shown that magnitude 7 class earthquakes have occurred during the last century, the slip rates along the Sumatran fault have not been studied in detail. This is the first research using a new dense GPS array, in which stations are orthogonal to the fault, to analyze the fault slip rates along the Kumering and Semangko segments in southern Sumatra. In this study, we process GPS data from 14 campaign and continuous GPS points. The results show velocities of 14 mm/yr and 15 mm/yr for these two fault segments, respectively. Our estimated geodetic slip rate suggests that the Sumatran fault has a relatively homogeneous slip rate from southern to northern Sumatra.
On the role of energy deposition in triggering SEGR in power MOSFETs

Single event gate rupture (SEGR) was studied using three types of power MOSFET devices with ions having incident linear energy transfers (LETs) in silicon from 26 to 82 MeV/spl middot/cm/sup 2//mg. Results are: (1) consistent with Wrobel's oxide breakdown for V/sub DS/=0 volts (for both normal incidence and angle); and (2) when V/sub GS/=0 volts, energy deposited near the Si/SiO/sub 2/ interface is more important than the energy deposited deeper in the epi.
A SURVEY OF ENERGY EFFICIENT AODV ROUTING ALGORITHMS IN MANET

MANET became the focus of researchers as a promising technology for a broad range of applications due to their self- organizing, self-configuring capability in different mobile network scenarios. One significant area of research within ad hoc networks is energy consumption issue. The primary goal of ad hoc networks is to call for the energyconstrained protocols. Energy consumption evaluation methodology is introduced for the protocol consideration in different mobile network. AODV routing protocol performs well on assessment of energy consumption for the mobile ad hoc network with high node mobility. Nodes in MANET networks are basically battery operated, and thus have access to a limited amount of energy. This process proposes an Energy based Ad-Hoc on-Demand Routing algorithm that balances energy among nodes so that a minimum energy level is maintained among nodes and the lifetime of network is increased. In this paper we survey about different Energy efficient AODV routing algorithms designed so far.
Based on H∞ Robust Control Algorithm for Pole Assignment Problems

Study a class of automatic control system and use translational plane method, according to a given system robustness requirements, the closed-loop poles of the system is limited to a certain area, making the system not only meet the robustness of the system requirements, but also make closed-loop poles in a certain area, and find the desired controller. Through simulation studies proved the feasibility and effectiveness of the above algorithm.
INFLUENCE OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP TO ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING AMONG INDONESIA VOCATIONAL SCHOOL (THE ROLE OF DYNAMIC CAPABILITY)

Organizational learning can be applied in companies and organizations, including vocational schools (SMK). The existence of Vocational Schools at this time has to provide maximum contribution in the provision of quality human resources. For this reason, continuous learning is needed to be able to increase its competitive advantage. This study aims to examine the effect of examinesl leadership and dynamic capability on organizational learning in Vocational High Schools (knowledgeIndonesia. The analytical technique used in this research is partial least square (PLS-SEM). The population in this study are 358 SMK in West Java Province, Indonesia. The intended respondent is the Principal of the SMK. The results of this study reveal that there is a positive influence either directly or through mediation of the variables studied othe n organizational learning.
Developing pathways from vocational to higher education courses: challenges faced

There is increasing pressure to make pathways to higher education more accessible to students from a wide range of backgrounds, including those from lower socioeconomic circumstances. Often, those students gain vocational qualifications but those qualifications do not always support them fully to articulate to higher education. This is, at least in part, due to the gap in mathematics knowledge between what is taught in the vocational qualifications and what is required for entry into the related higher education courses. This paper reports on a project that took a cross-sector approach to improving pathways from vocational to higher education that focus on mathematical skill development. The project developed pathways for four disciplines, engineering, education, health science and business. This paper examines the challenges faced when working across those sectors to develop resources and establish pathways for students to articulate from vocational qualifications into related higher education courses. Of particular interest are the outcomes for the education pathway. A preliminary evaluation of the development of the education pathway resources is presented. The study utilises an exploratory research paradigm to explore the issues of working across sectors through content analysis of reports and surveys of stakeholders in the project.
Reliability considerations: optical sensors for the control and measurement of power

The aerospace, space and military industries have succeeded in using the discipline of reliability engineering to predict the mean-time-between-failure (MTBF) and the mean time to failure (MTTF) for complex electronic, optical and mechanical systems. As the power industry adopts new technologies to control and protect its assets, complex electronic and optical systems are becoming prevalent with the consequence that reliability analysis tools are becoming increasingly relevant and useful. Techniques such as parts count method, parts stress analysis (PSA) and failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA), themselves staples of the aforementioned industries, will become a regular part of the design process for power industry equipment. NxtPhase Corporation is currently adapting the fiber optic gyroscope sensor (FOGS) technology from aerospace industry applications to systems that will provide accurate measurements of current, at transmission line voltages, over a 30-year lifetime. Extensive use of reliability engineering tools will ensure that the reliability performance achieved by the FOGS technology in aerospace applications is replicated in products for the optical power measurement domain.
Synthesized 2D CSEM-interferometry Using Automatic Source Line Determination

Interferometry by multidimensional deconvolution applied to Controlled-Source Electromagnetic data replaces the medium above the receivers by a homogeneous halfspace, suppresses the direct field and redatums the source positions to the receiver locations. In that sense, the airwave and any other interactions of the signal with the air-water interface and the water layer are suppressed and the source uncertainty is reduced. Interferometry requires grid data and cannot be applied to line data unless the source is infinitely long in the crossline direction. To create such a source, a set of source lines is required. We use an iterative algorithm to determine the optimal locations of these source lines and show that more source lines are required if the source is towed closer to the sea bottom and closer to the receivers.
Aplicación de VolcFlow para simular Avalanchas de Escombros y CDP en los volcanes Popocatépetl, Volcán de Colima y Ceboruco

Volcanic hazard analysis makes it possible to quantify the potential risk from historical events in the social and economic context. In the geographical context, Mexico has at least 38 volcanic centers, including monogenetic volcanoes and stratovolcanoes, which have presented explosive activity in the last 10 thousand years. The main relevant are the PopocatA©petl volcano, VolcAin de Colima and the Ceboruco volcano. They have some similarities between them, such as presenting recent explosive and effusive activity and being located on high population density in its surroundings and therefore, a high degree of vulnerability. On the one hand, the Ceboruco volcano has presented at least 8 eruptions including the last since 1870. Moreover, VolcAin de Colima and the PopocatA©petl volcano have been two of the most active volcanoes in Mexico with frequent emplacement and destruction of lava domes in the last 20 years causing preventive evacuation by the corresponding authorities. We used the VolcFlow app written by MATLAB to solve conservation of mass and momentum equations. Considering the above, this article shows the result of hazard analysis of various events such as lahars, pyroclastic flows, and avalanche debris with a mitigating risk approach from volcanic hazard. The results allow us to make effective modifications in the rheological parameters that are characteristic for each type of event in each volcano considering the characteristics such as the flux density, viscosity, volume of material emitted and Digital Elevation Model.
Life-Cycle Greenhouse Gases and Energy Consumption for Material and Construction Phases of Pavement with Traffic Delay

This paper discusses an approach to life-cycle assessment (LCA) for pavement construction applications. The scope of the study included the material production and construction phases pertaining to the upper layers of pavement; the aim was to quantify energy consumption and greenhouse gases. Life-cycle inventory data were taken from literature sources and questionnaires, with system boundaries including upstream processes for the production of major materials and fuels. The use of regionalized data was necessary to ensure proper application of LCA. Thus, for the material production phase, this LCA included preliminary data collected from regional surveys and incorporated a localized life-cycle model for asphalt binder production. The impact of traffic delay was modeled in the construction phase with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator. A case study was performed for a simulated two-lane reconstruction of an existing Interstate in northern Illinois. The energy consumption in the material phase [5,425 million (M) Btu/lane mile] was significantly higher than that of the construction phase (137 MBtu). The same pattern held for global warming potential [405 versus 12.0 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e)]. With respect to traffic delay, the values of global warming potential (between 2.0 and 9.9 tons of CO2e) and energy consumption (between 22.5 and 116.8 MBtu) were comparable to those from the construction phase.
Methods of isolation of active elements in integrated circuits

Two basic techniques for the isolation of active elements within a monolithic silicon planar integrated circuit are described. The first method consists of placing back-biased silicon diodes between each active element. The high impedance of the silicon junction below breakdown voltage acts as the isolating element. This impedance is frequency dependent, since the junction has a parasitic capacitance associated with it. This parasitic capacitance limits circuit performance at very high frequencies. The second method of isolation involves forming the active elements within a high resistivity silicon substrate. The high sheet resistance of the substrate is used to form regions of high impedance between the active elements. This impedance is not frequency dependent and circuit performance at high frequencies is not limited by this isolation scheme.
MEMS Lens Scanners for Free-Space Optical Interconnects

Optical interconnects are the next evolutionary step for computer server systems, replacing traditional copper interconnects to increase communication bandwidth and reduce overall power consumption. A variety of implementation techniques to bring optics to the rack-to-rack, board-to-board, and chip-to-chip scale are heavily pursued in the research space. In this dissertation we present a micro-electro mechanical systems (MEMS) based free-space optical link for board-to-board interconnects.As with any free-space optical system, alignment is critical for the correction of undesired vibrations or offsets. Thus our optical system implements a variety of MEMS based lens scanners and opto-electronic feedback loops to maintain constant alignment despite both high frequency and low frequency misalignments. The full implementation of all of the MEMS devices is discussed, including the design, simulation, fabrication, characterization, and the demonstration of the full optical link.The first device discussed is an electrostatic lens scanner with an optoelectronic feedback loop capable of tracking high frequency mechanical vibrations expected in computer server systems. The second system discussed is an electrothermal lens scanner with mechanical brakes for long term, large displacement, and zero power off-state tracking. Both linear and rotational actuators are presented to correct for the major causes of misalignment measured in board-to-board systems. A finite state machine based controller is demonstrated to act as the feedback loop required to maintain alignment. A fully integrated packaging system is proposed for the correction of all misalignment degrees of freedom. Finally, an alternative application of MEMS lens scanners for light detection and ranging (LIDAR) for 3D imaging is explored, tested, and simulated.
The Decreasing Hazard Rate Phenomenon: A Review of Different Models, with a Discussion of the Rationale behind Their Choice

It is well known that, especially in the field of electronic components reliability studies and applications, the Exponential reliability model is by far the most adopted, although the data fostering it are few. This appears to be due partly to its simplicity (also in view of estimation, since it is characterized by a unique parameter), and partly because most components seem to be well represented, at least in their “useful life” time interval, by the Exponential model. This adoption is basically due to its peculiar “memory-less” property, i.e., the fact that such model possesses a constant hazard rate function, meaning that stochastic “accidents” cause the failure of the component, independently of its service time. This theoretical reason behind the choice of the Exponential model is largely prevailing over the classical statistical “goodness of fit” tests, since the high-reliability values attained by such devices does not allow the availability of an adequate number of lifetime values to be observed and analyzed in a statistical data analysis procedure. A second model also widely adopted is the Weibull model, especially if characterized by a shape parameter greater than unity, so implying an increasing hazard rate function. However, there are many cases—which can be also justified on a theoretical basis, as reviewed in this paper—in which a decreasing hazard rate function (at least for relatively large mission times) may be the best suited to describe the true model behind a given failure mechanism. The afore-mentioned theoretical basis of these apparently peculiar models is the main core of the present review article, whose aim also includes the illustration of the basic features of the main reliability models featuring an hazard rate function diminishing with time. The paper also discusses, resorting to graphical and numerical case-studies relevant to both field and simulated data, the consequences of mistaken model identification in terms of the hazard rate function behaviour, which may imply wrong maintenance actions.
A new approach to optimize pH buffers

Buffer solutions are pervasive in chemistry, biochemistry, analytical chemistry, etc. A better understanding of buffer properties and what controls them is susceptible to be of interest in many scientific and technological fields. For instance, linear pH gradients are commonly used in electrophoresis and their optimization rests on numerical optimization of the concentrations of various weak species. It is probably generally assumed that no basic progress could be made on optimization approaches. We introduce here a new strategy to buffer optimization, based on a parametric study of the roots of the first derivative of the buffer index. In this way, it is possible to find mathematically optimal sets of parameters (pKa and concentrations). The method is applied to mixtures of 2, 3 and 4 monovalent species, which represent simple cases that do not call for overly elaborate numerical optimization techniques, but are nevertheless of practical interest in various branches of analytical chemistry.