Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Performance Assessment of Proxy Apps and Parents Report for ECP Proxy App Project Milestone AD-CD-PA-504-5

David Richards, Omar Aaziz, Jeanine Cook, Hal Finkel, Brian Homerding, Peter McCorquodale, Tiffany Mintz, Shirley Moore, Vinay Ramakrishnaiah, Courtenay Vaughan, and Greg Watson Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM Argonne National Laboratory, Chicago, IL Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM
To Color the Errera Map and its Variations Using Four Colors

A Kempe chain in a colored graph is a maximal connected component containing at most two colors. Kempe chains have played an important role historically in the study of the Four Color Problem. Some methods of systematically applying Kempe chain color exchanges have been studied by Alfred Errera and Weiguo Xie. A map constructed by Errera represents an important counterexample to some implementations of these methods. Using the ideas of Irving Kittell, we determine all colorings of the Errera map which form such a counterexample and describe how to color them individually. We then extend our results from the Errera map to a family of graphs containing the Errera map in a speciﬁc way. Being able to color this family of graphs appears to address many cases which prove diﬃcult for the previous systematic color exchange methods.
Re-evaluating homoploid 1 reticulate evolution in the 2 annual sunflowers. 3

: 15 Sunflowers of the genus Helianthus are models for hybridization research and contain three 16 of the best studied examples of homoploid hybrid speciation. To understand the broader picture 17 of hybridization within the annual sunflowers, we used whole genome resequencing to conduct 18 a phylogenomic analysis and test for gene flow between lineages. We find that all annual 19 sunflower species tested have evidence of admixture, suggesting hybridization was common 20
Radio Frequency Fingerprint Identification for Internet of Things: A Survey

Radio frequency fingerprint (RFF) identification is a promising technique for identifying Internet of Things (IoT) devices. This paper presents a comprehensive survey on RFF identification, which covers various aspects ranging from related definitions to details of each stage in the identification process, namely signal preprocessing, RFF feature extraction, further processing and RFF identification. Specifically, three main steps of preprocessing are summarized, including carrier frequency offset estimation, noise elimination and channel cancellation. Besides, three kinds of RFFs are categorized, comprising I/Q signal-based, parameter-based and transformation-based features. Meanwhile, feature fusion and feature dimension reduction are elaborated as two main further processing methods. Furthermore, a novel framework is established from the perspective of closed set and open set problems, and the related state-of-the-art methodologies are investigated, including approaches based on traditional machine learning, deep learning and generative models. Additionally, we highlight the challenges faced by RFF identification and point out future research trends in this field.
Calibration of the Fire Weather Index over Mediterranean Europe based on fire activity retrieved from MSG satellite imagery

Here we present a procedure that allows the operational generation of daily maps of fire danger over Mediterranean Europe. These are based on integrated use of vegetation cover maps, weather data and fire activity as detected by remote sensing from space. The study covers the period of July–August 2007 to 2009. It is demonstrated that statistical models based on two-parameter generalised Pareto (GP) distributions adequately fit the observed samples of fire duration and that these models are significantly improved when the Fire Weather Index (FWI), which rates fire danger, is integrated as a covariate of scale parameters of GP distributions. Probabilities of fire duration exceeding specified thresholds are then used to calibrate FWI leading to the definition of five classes of fire danger. Fire duration is estimated on the basis of 15-min data provided by Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) satellites and corresponds to the total number of hours in which fire activity is detected in a single MSG pixel during one day. Considering all observed fire events with duration above 1h, the relative number of events steeply increases with classes of increasing fire danger and no fire activity was recorded in the class of low danger. Defined classes of fire danger provide useful information for wildfire management and are based on the Fire Risk Mapping product that is being disseminated on a daily basis by the EUMETSAT Satellite Application Facility on Land Surface Analysis.
Volumetric Segmentation of Cell Cycle Markers in Confocal Images

Understanding plant growth processes is important for many aspects of biology and food security. Automating the observations of plant development – a process referred to as plant phenotyping – is increasingly important in the plant sciences, and is often a bottleneck. Automated tools are required to analyse the data in images depicting plant growth. In this paper, a deep learning approach is developed to locate fluorescent markers in 3D timeseries microscopy images. The approach is not dependant on marker morphology; only simple 3D point location annotations are required for training. The approach is evaluated on an unseen timeseries comprising several volumes, capturing growth of plants. Results are encouraging, with an average recall of 0.97 and average F-score of 0.78, despite only a very limited number of simple training annotations. In addition, an in-depth analysis of appropriate loss functions is conducted. To accompany [the finally-published] paper we are releasing the 4D point annotation tool used to generate the annotations, in the form of a plugin for the popular ImageJ (Fiji) software. Network models will be released online.
A Split-and-Merge Technique for Automated Reconstruction of Roof Planes

Automated reconstruction of buildings from different data sources has been one of the most challenging problems in photogrammetry and computer vision. Systems for automated building reconstruction fail in many cases due to complexities involved in the data including image noise, occlusion, shadow, and low contrast, as well as, low accuracy or density of height data. In this paper, the problem of overgrown and undergrown regions in the segmentation of aerial images is discussed, and a split-and-merge technique is presented to overcome this problem by making use of height data. This technique is based on splitting image regions whose associated height points do not fall in a single plane, and merging coplanar neighboring regions. A robust plane-fitting method is used to fit planar surfaces to height points that are highly contaminated by gross errors. Final roof planes are extracted out of the image planar regions by checking their slope and height over a morphologically opened DSM. An experimental evaluation is conducted, and its results indicate the capability of the proposed technique in splitting overgrown regions, merging undergrown coplanar regions, and selecting the final roof planes. Also, the method is shown to be computationally efficient, and the reconstructed roof planes are of acceptable accuracy.
University of Virginia School of Medicine.

4 5 6 Section 1 7 Purpose 8 9 The following bylaws are intended to clarify faculty duties and obligations and to 10 protect the rights and privileges of the faculty in accordance with School of 11 Medicine (" School ") and University of Virginia (" University ") policies and the rules 12 and regulations of the Board of Visitors of the University of Virginia, and in 13 accordance with the faculty's responsibility for the content and quality of the 14 School's education, research, patient care, and public service programs. 15 16 These bylaws shall be read in conjunction with School, University, and Medical 17 Center policies and procedures that apply to the faculty. In the event of a conflict 18 between these bylaws and School faculty policies or University faculty promotion 19 and tenure policies, those faculty policies shall control. 20 21 Section 2 22 Mission 23 24 The School is a public institution and the faculty members serve in the public 25 interest to provide excellence, innovation, and superlative quality in the care of 26 patients, the training of health professionals, and the creation and sharing of 27 health knowledge within a culture that promotes equity, diversity, and 28 inclusiveness. 29 30 The School's primary purpose is to train physicians and scientists to help people 31 achieve healthy, productive lives and to advance knowledge in the medical 32 sciences. To that end, the School educates students for the MD degree, and 33 supports students in dual-degree programs, assuring that all requirements for the 34 MD degree are met. Additionally, the School supports the education and training 35 of graduate medical education (" GME ") trainees to become specialty-certified 36 through their individual departments. 37 38 The School achieves its mission through: 39  Attracting an academically accomplished and compassionate student 40 body from diverse backgrounds; 41
A BE-SOI MEMS for inertial measurement in geophysical applications

In this paper an inertial transducer developed in BESOI MEMS technology is presented. The device is suitable for low frequency observation and could represent an interesting solution to implement low cost monitoring system for applications requiring a high amount of monitoring sites and disposable devices. In particular, the sensor design and the technology adopted are presented here along with models describing the device operation. Moreover, an experimental sensor prototype is proposed and experimental results confirming the suitability of the proposed architecture and its consistence with the predicted behavior are discussed.
Graphene Reinforced Polymer Matrix Nanocomposites: Fabrication Method, Properties and Applications

Graphene has exceptional mechanical capabilities, making it a potential reinforcement material for polymer composites. It also has unique electrical and thermal properties, making it an appealing filler for multifunctional composites, particularly polymer matrix composites, due to its vitality and superior mechanical qualities. This chapter thoroughly examines current graphene research trends, focusing on graphenebased polymer nanocomposites, manufacturing, characteristics and applications. Graphene-based materials are singleor multi-layer platelets that may be mass produced using chemical, physical and mechanical processes. A range of technologies for producing graphene-based materials, as well as methods for dispersing these nanoparticles in different polymer matrices, are being examined. The electrical, mechanical and thermal properties of these nanocomposites are also discussed, as well as how each of these features is influenced by the inherent properties of graphene-based materials and their state of dispersion in the matrix. It follows with a review of graphene’s effect on composites and the difficulty of satisfying future industrial requirements.
Opportunities and Challenges During Low-CarbonTransition : A Perspective From Asia’s Agriculture Sector

Climate change because of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is a significant challenge facing humanity. Failure to take action to reduce GHG emissions would be catastrophic to life on earth, livelihood, and socioeconomic progress that humanities achieved so far. Agriculture is a victim as well as a perpetrator of climate change. The agricultural system depends on weather conditions; hence, agro-based livelihoods and food security are highly vulnerable to climate change. Agriculture, forestry, and other land use sectors contribute to about a quarter of GHG emissions, and Asia has the largest share of global agriculture, forestry, and other land use emissions. Therefore, agriculture and allied sectors should play an important role in the global efforts to achieve net zero carbon emissions. Numerous GHG mitigation strategies for the agricultural system are available, which include dietary changes, reducing food loss and waste, efficient use of resources (especially fertilizer), use of renewable energy in agriculture, soil carbon sequestration, reducing enteric fermentation, reducing methane emissions from rice cultivation, and managing manure to reduce GHG. However, the challenge is the investment that is required to scale up these strategies to more than 500 million smallholder farmers. Further, some of these strategies may adversely impact the yield, food security, livelihood loss, and foreign exchange export earnings of developing economies that are dependent on agriculture. Additionally, some government subsidies that are not climate, environment, and natural resources-friendly should be reallocated into sustainable and climate-smart agriculture. Therefore, the agriculture sector’s net zero carbon emission strategy in developing economies should be driven by technology and implemented gradually with financial and knowledge support from the government and international organizations. Note In
Getting it right when budgets are tight to concentrated and mixed HIV epidemics Using optimal expansion pathways to prioritize responses

Getting it right when budgets are tight to concentrated and mixed HIV epidemics: Using optimal expansion pathways to prioritize responses. Abstract Background Prioritizing investments across health interventions is complicated by the nonlinear relationship between intervention coverage and epidemiological outcomes. It can be difficult for countries to know which interventions to prioritize for greatest epidemiological impact, particularly when budgets are uncertain. We examined four case studies of HIV epidemics in diverse settings, each with different characteristics. These case studies were based on public data available for Belarus, Peru, Togo, and Myanmar. The Optima HIV model and software
Emotional Detection and music Recommendation based on user Facial Expression

: It is often confusing for a person to decide which music he/she have to listen from a massive collection of existing options. There have been several suggestion frameworks available for issues like music, dining, and shopping depending upon the mood of user. The main objective of our music recommendation system is to provide suggestions to the users that fit the user’s preferences. The analysis of the facial expression/user emotion may lead to understanding the current emotional or mental state of the user. Music and videos are one region where there is a significant chance to prescribe abundant choices to clients in light of their inclinations and also recorded information. It is well known that humans make use of facial expressions to express more clearly what they want to say and the context in which they meant their words. By developing a recommendation system, it could assist a user to make a decision regarding which music one should listen to helping the user to reduce his/her stress levels. The user would not have to waste any time in searching or to look up for songs and the best track matching the user’s mood is detected, and songs would be shown to the user according to his/her mood. The image of the user is captured with the help of a webcam. The user’s picture is taken and then as per the mood/emotion of the user an appropriate song from the playlist of the system is played.
Advocating for Antarctic Wilderness: Short-term Visits and Human Values

This research examined the nature of experience for visitors to the Ross Sea Region (RSR) of Antarctica. By monitoring visitors before, during, and after their onsite visit, using a mixed methodology approach, several interesting themes have arisen. In terms of advocacy, are we preaching to the converted? Is advocacy the awareness or the action? How do we adequately measure such aspects? Do we mean action or intent? Are we looking for action in an Antarctic sense or more generally? While presenting the visitor situation in the RSR and the context of this study, these questions are a few posed and discussed within related literature.
Ecotoxicity of Ni in soil

Abstract Assessing metal contamination of soils has been a difficult task because the metal concentration in soil is not directly correlated to its potential effects. We review an approach, termed the Terrestrial Biotic Ligand Model (TBLM), in which partitioning of metal from soil to soil solution is modelled and the metal in solution interacts with an organism, the biotic ligand, to cause toxicity. The toxicity is modulated by other cations in the soil solution, principally H+, Ca2+, and Mg2+. New results for the model using Ni as the toxic species and barley root elongation as the biological response are presented.
Unbalanced segmental duplication of W chromosomes in Australian Ridge-tailed goannas

Sex chromosomes are mostly conserved, but in some cases are variable within species. Varanids are known for conserved sex chromosomes, but there are differences in the size of the W chromosome among species representing varying stages of sex chromosome evolution. We tested for homology of the ZW sex chromosome system in varanids with size differences among four species from two lineages in Australia, the dwarf lineage Odatria and the sand goanna lineage Gouldii, with a combined genomic and cytogenetic approach. We found that while DNA sequences of the sex chromosomes are conserved, a mutation on an enlarged autosomal microchromosome is homologous with the W in some isolated populations of V. acanthurus and V. citrinus from the Odatria lineage. The enlarged microchromosome was unpaired in all individuals tested and is likely an unbalanced segmental duplication translocated from the W to another microchromosome. We also found evidence of an ancient balanced duplication that is also homologous to the W and to the telomeric region of chromosome 2. We conclude the most parsimonious explanation is that the duplicated region likely originated on chromosome 2. We also demonstrated that genes and related DNA sequences have likely originated on an autosome, translocated to the W, accumulated repeats and ampli�ed on the W and then duplicated and translocated to another autosomal microchromosome. Given the role of these duplications as important evolutionary drivers of speciation in other taxa, our �ndings provide broader insight into the evolutionary pathway leading to rapid chromosomal and genic divergence of species.
The first 1000 days of life: prenatal and postnatal risk factors for morbidity and growth in a birth cohort in southern India

Objective To estimate the burden and assess prenatal and postnatal determinants of illnesses experienced by children residing in a semiurban slum, during the first 1000 days of life. Design Community-based birth cohort Setting Southern India Participants Four hundred and ninety-seven children of 561 pregnant women recruited and followed for 2 years with surveillance and anthropometry. Main outcome measure Incidence rates of illness; rates of clinic visits and hospitalisations; factors associated with low birth weight, various illnesses and growth. Results Data on 10 377.7 child-months of follow-up estimated an average rate of 14.8 illnesses/child-year. Gastrointestinal and respiratory illnesses were 20.6% and 47.8% of the total disease burden, respectively. The hospitalisation rate reduced from 46/100 child-years during infancy to 19/100 child-years in the second year. Anaemia during pregnancy (OR=2.3, 95% CI=1.08 to 5.18), less than four antenatal visits (OR=6.8, 95% CI=2.1 to 22.5) and preterm birth (OR=3.3, 95% CI=1.1 to 9.7) were independent prenatal risk factors for low birth weight. Female gender (HR=0.88, 95% CI=0.79 to 0.99) and 6 months of exclusive breast feeding (HR=0.76, 95% CI=0.66 to 0.88) offered protection against all morbidity. Average monthly height and weight gain were lower in female child and children exclusively breast fed for 6 months. Conclusions The high morbidity in Indian slum children in the first 1000 days of life was mainly due to prenatal factors and gastrointestinal and respiratory illness. Policymakers need disease prevalence and pathways to target high-risk groups with appropriate interventions in the community.
Immigrant Settlement and Employment Suburbanization: Is There a Spatial Mismatch?

Two significant trends have occurred in urban areas across the United States during the past decades: immigration and the decentralization of employment. While each trend has been investigated by research, the magnitude of spatial disparity between immigrant settlement patterns and employment location and its change over time has received much less attention. Using a sample of the 60 largest immigrant metropolitan areas, this study uses a Spatial Mismatch Index (Martin, 2001) and regression methods to address this question over the period 1980 - 2000. Results indicate immigrants are more spatially mismatched with job opportunities than the white population, but less so than the black population. We find that job growth occurred close to where the native-born whites concentrate, and away from immigrants and other minority populations. However, immigrants residential location patterns shifted towards employment opportunities and was able to offset the otherwise enlarging spatial disparity.
Sulfur isotope evidence for a Paleoarchean subseafloor biosphere, Barberton, South Africa

The Archean sub-seafloor has been proposed as an environment for the emergence of life, with septate clusters of titanite microtextures in pillow lava rims argued to be the earliest traces of microbial microboring. Here we use nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) to test possible geochemical traces of life in ca. 3.45 Ga pillow lavas of the Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa. Sulfide inclusions in the titanite microtextures record strongly negative sulfur isotope fractionations of δ 34 S VCDT –39.8‰ to –3.2‰ (VCDT—Vienna Canyon Diablo Troilite). These represent the largest range and most negative δ 34 S values so far reported from the Archean, and are consistent with an early biogenic origin for the sulfides. Extensive in situ elemental mapping did not find any organic linings associated with the microtextures, despite the high spatial resolution and sensitivity of the NanoSIMS. The absence of organic linings thus excludes a key line of evidence previously used to support the biogenicity of the microtextures. In contrast, in situ sulfur isotope analysis of basalt-hosted sulfides provides an alternative approach to investigating the existence and nature of an Archean subseafloor biosphere.
A preliminary qEEG study on Augmented Reality Guidance of Manual Tasks

—Augmented reality head mounted display devices (HMDs) provide user’s natural view of the real world with enhanced experience through optical superposition of virtual data. Manual-task guidance applications exploiting these systems are particularly suited in computer-aided-surgery. However, the typical working distance of commercial devices is higher than user reachable space, limiting the purpose of manual-task guidance. Speciﬁcally, known issues such as the ”vergence-accomodation-conﬂict” and the ”focus-rivalry” may lead to visual fatigue and mental workload worsening task performance. Here, we exploit EEG recordings during a ”connecting-the-dots” task performed with and without AR to evaluate the mental workload associated with AR-related visual fatigue. First, we quantify the reduction of users’ performance based on starting and end points gap errors. Then, we investigate the effects on AR usage on cortical activity through the analysis of EEG power and Frontal Alpha Asymmetry (FAA) index. Although preliminary, our results suggest that mental workload associated with AR usage may derive from enhanced difﬁculty associated with the task. Furthermore, a shift in FAA from controlateral to ipsilateral regions seems to conﬁrm this hypothesis.