Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of intake valve lift profile and RPM on 3-D mean and fluctuating in-cylinder flows in an IC engine

Measurements of the instantaneous in-cylinder flow fields at the end of intake stroke at Bottom Dead Center (BDC) were carried out in an AquaDyne{reg_sign} Water Analog Engine Simulation rig using 3-D Particle Tracking Velocimetry. The measurements were performed in a 4-valve per cylinder, skewed wedge-type combustion chamber with a tumble intake port shape. Two different intake valve lift profiles were investigated: a base valve lift case and a high valve lift case. In addition, the experiments were repeated for two different operating points: an idle condition (800 RPM, 35 kPa intake manifold pressure) and a low load condition (1,000 RPM, 42 kPa intake manifold pressure). These two operating points represent almost a factor of two in effective Reynolds numbers. For each of the 4 (2 x 2) cases, 100 cycles of data were acquired. Efforts were made to optimize the particle seeding density (and the resulting number of 3-D velocity vectors) to yield 100 to 200 instantaneous vectors at each cycle. This paper demonstrates the tremendous potential of the Water Analog Engine Simulation used in conjunction with 3-D Particle Tracking Velocimetry as a rapid engine evaluation tool. This approach allows the user to conveniently obtain 3-D maps of the meanmore » and total r.m.s. fluctuation levels of each velocity component`s integral parameters such as tumble and swirl ratios (under realistic unsteady conditions). « less
Interband Tunnel Transistors

by Qin Zhang Interband tunnel transistors have been attracting increasing attention because of their potential to achieve subthreshold swings below the 60 mV/decade thermionic limit, and realize high performance and low power dissipation simultaneously. This work explores the design and modeling of semiconducting and graphene nanoribbon-based tunnel transistors, to understand the performance measures and guide the experimental development. Experiments in the formation of Ge interband junctions are also described. Analytic expressions for Zener tunneling in one-, two-, and three-dimensional semiconductors are derived to establish the guidelines for tunnel transistor design. An analytic expression is derived, showing that the subthreshold swing of interband tunnel transistors is a function of the gate-to-source voltage and can be less than the thermionic limit of 60 mV/decade in MOSFET. Based on this expression, a new fully-depleted interband tunnel transistor structure is proposed and designed. The low subthreshold swing is verified by Synopsys TCAD simulation. Germanium interband tunnel transistors are shown by simulation to exhibit improved on-state performance vs. Si, because of the smaller bandgap and effective mass. To realize the proposed Ge interband tunnel transistor, a rapid melt growth process was developed to form submicron pn Ge tunnel junctions. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveals the regrown film and a contact microstructure consistent with the Al-Ge phase diagram. Negative differential resistances are observed which indicate the junction was abrupt heavily-doped. A graphene nanoribbon (GNR) tunnel transistor is first proposed and modeled analytically by quasi-1D Poisson equation. An improved numerical model is developed that treates energy-dependent transmission coefficients, direct source-to-drain tunneling, and self-consistent channel electrostatics. Graphene nanoribbons have a width-tunable bandgap and ultra-thin body layer, which is especially favorable for tunnel transistor applications. It is shown by simulation that the GNR tunnel transistors at the long channel limit can operate at 0.1 V with an ultra-low subthreshold swing of 2.8 mV/decade, but the subthreshold swing and off-state current are degraded at short channel length due to direct source-to-drain tunneling. Smaller ribbon widths (down to a certain limit) can significantly improve the off-state behavior without considerably affecting the on-state current density and speed. For 20 nm channel length, GNR tunnel transistors with ribbon width of 2 and 3 nm can achieve high performance and low operating power simultaneously, meeting 2012 ITRS targets.
A Linear Programming Model used in Animal Disease Control

Summary This model, which is an improved version of the model presented at the First International Symposium on Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, at Reading in 1976, will attempt to demonstrate the potential benefits of linear programming. The model chose the most economically optimal solution for the control of brucellosis in beef cattle in the state of California. In addition to providing this optimal solution, the model also allows for sensitivity analyses to be performed on the various control components chosen by the model. It also permits a rapid benefit—cost analysis to be performed on other, less than economical, scenarios which may be chosen over the optimal solution. While not professed to be the ultimate solution, this model will provide a contrast to the many simulation models being used today in disease control program evaluation. The use of mathematical models and computers in epidemiology has been of importance for several years. In his examination of the development of the field of epidemiology, Dunn (1952) noted that, 'The accumulation of knowledge of epidemiological theory and the increasing use of statistical methods led progressively to a turn of epidemiology from a descriptive and comparative procedure to an analytic discipline. ' Further stressing the importance of mathematical development in epidemiology, Lilienfield (1973) stated: 'The mathematisation of biological or natural phenomena has considerable appeal to man in his effort to understand and control nature . it has led to increased precision in the thinking and defining of some ideas and concepts and frequently has been of assistance in the teaching of concepts . For those who have had the opportunity to use or develop a model in an attempt to simulate the progression of a disease, the benefits of helping to understand the basic principles and impact of that disease are quite clear. To this individual, it is not a question of whether or not to use a computer model in his work, rather the question should be of the many models available, which is more suitable for my needs? In this paper we shall concern ourselves with the presentation of a particular type of model involving the mathematical technique of linear programming. As Piot (1966) stated: 'Mathematical programming and, under this general term, linear programming in particular, have been devised as techniques to find the optimal relationship between a number of interdependent variables, and as a means of determining the best course of action where such course may exist. It is in fact nothing more than putting explicitly what commonly goes on implicitly in the mind of decision makers. ' Gordon (1977) chose linear programming in the, analysis of a rural health delivery system because . it has the capability of handling a large problem for low cost yet includes most of the features deemed necessary for inclusion of this model. Other methods such as quadratic programming, simulation . could handle the same problem and include more features of the health care system, but only at considerable cost in programming time and money. '
Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration –Prevention with A Plant-Based Diet

Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the developed world. No effective therapy exists for the dry form of ARMD, which makes up about 90% of cases. Major modifiable risk factors have been identified such as cigarette smoking, obesity, nutritional factors, and alcoholism. The risk of dry ARMD is increased by several modifiable etiologic factors in particular – lack of blue light filtration, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Two components of plant foods, lutein and zeaxanthin, screen out blue light, resulting in greater macular pigment optical density (MPOD), and act as antioxidants in the macular. A plant-based diet also reduces inflammation and lowers hsCRP. These factors combine to give vegetarians a lower risk of dry ARMD. Epidemiological studies have shown that consuming meat raises the risk of dry ARMD while consuming plant foods lowers the risk. Studies have shown significant correlations between high lutein concentration in ocular tissues or in serum and reduced risk of ARMD. Vegetarians have been found to have a greater MPOD. A broad range of antioxidants from plant foods, sulforaphane, can reduce oxidative damage, and may decrease the risk of dry ARMD. Elevated levels of hsCRP, a marker of inflammation, predict greater future risk of ARMD. On a vegan diet hsCRP was reduced 32%, even more than on the American Heart Association diet.
A holistic data modeling approach for multi-database systems

IoT, edge-oriented systems, and the growing ubiquity of access to the Internet have driven the development of the most complex software systems to date. Designing such systems is demanding due to their distributed nature, different technologies, multi-layer, hard-to-meet quality attributes, and the integration of several databases with diverse technologies. This work proposes a data modeling method able to represent holistically these systems’ data structure, data transport, and transformation.
Is ESG Relevant to Electricity Companies during Pandemics? A Case Study on European Firms during COVID-19

The electricity sector was negatively impacted by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), with considerable declines in consumption in the initial phase. Investors were in turmoil, and stock prices for these companies plummeted. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the significant negative influence of the pandemic on abnormal returns for the electricity sector, specifically for traditional and renewable companies and the influence of ESG scores, using the event study approach and multi-variate regressions. Our results show that the pandemic indeed had a negative impact on the electricity sector, with renewable electricity companies suffering a sharper decline than traditional ones. Moreover, we find that ESG pillar scores affected electricity companies differently and are sector-specific. For renewable electricity companies, the returns were positively influenced by the environmental ESG scores and negatively by governance ESG scores.
Financial reform and innovation: Evidence from China’s Financial Reform Pilot Zones

ABSTRACT Innovation is a channel through which financial reform promotes economic growth. Drawing on the quasi-experiment of China’s Financial Reform Pilot Zones, panel data from 293 prefecture-level cities in China from 2003 to 2019, and a difference-in-differences method, this paper evaluates the effect of financial reform on innovation. We find that financial reform significantly motivated innovation by promoting financial development, such as equity market development and credit market development. Moreover, the effect of financial reform on innovation shows diminishing marginal utility: in cities that started with a lower level of financial development, the policy effect on innovation is stronger.
Modeling and simulating a microelectromechanical system microsupercapacitor

A mathematical model for double-layer and faradaic processes in microsupercapacitor using finite element analysis is presented here. Different from previous work, the mathematical model here can be applied to an asymmetric geometrical model, other than traditional layer-to-layer structure. COMSOL Multiphysics 4.2 software is used to solve the system of partial differential equations, in order to simulate the electrochemical reactions in the electrodes of the microsupercapacitor dynamically. A microsupercapacitor was designed and fabricated according to the geometrical model, and charge/discharge curves were obtained by the galvanostatic charge/discharge test. The potential curves show good agreement with the simulation results and display the typical behavior of a steady voltage rise and subsequently a steady voltage drop during a cycle of charge and discharge. Besides, the H+ ion concentration profile development during charge and discharge can also be obtained through the simulation. Thus, the mode in this work can play a significant role in studying the detailed electrochemical process and predicting the performance of the supercapacitor.
The Anti-Proliferative Effect of PI3K/mTOR and ERK Inhibition in Monolayer and Three-Dimensional Ovarian Cancer Cell Models

Simple Summary In ovarian cancer patients the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK kinase signaling pathways are frequently dysregulated, making them potential targets of therapeutic inhibitors. In this study, we used four human ovarian cancer cell lines grown in two- and three-dimensional models to investigate the potential efficacy of combining two inhibitors, which target these pathways, against ovarian cancer. The inhibitor combination was found to have cell line- and model-dependent synergistic antiproliferative effect. Abstract Most ovarian cancer patients are diagnosed with advanced stage disease, which becomes unresponsive to chemotherapeutic treatments. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR and the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK kinase signaling pathways are attractive targets for potential therapeutic inhibitors, due to the high frequency of mutations to PTEN, PIK3CA, KRAS and BRAF in several ovarian cancer subtypes. However, monotherapies targeting one of these pathways have shown modest effects in clinical trials. This limited efficacy of the agents could be due to upregulation and increased signaling via the adjacent alternative pathway. In this study, the efficacy of combined PI3K/mTOR (BEZ235) and ERK inhibition (SCH772984) was investigated in four human ovarian cancer cell lines, grown as monolayer and three-dimensional cell aggregates. The inhibitor combination reduced cellular proliferation in a synergistic manner in OV-90 and OVCAR8 monolayers and in OV-90, OVCAR5 and SKOV3 aggregates. Sensitivity to the inhibitors was reduced in three-dimensional cell aggregates in comparison to monolayers. OV-90 cells cultured in large spheroids were sensitive to the inhibitors and displayed a robust synergistic antiproliferative response to the inhibitor combination. In contrast, OVCAR8 spheroids were resistant to the inhibitors. These findings suggest that combined PI3K/mTOR and ERK inhibition could be a useful strategy for overcoming treatment resistance in ovarian cancer and warrants further preclinical investigation. Additionally, in some cell lines the use of different three-dimensional models can influence cell line sensitivity to PI3K/mTOR and RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway inhibitors.
Analisis Sentimen Pemberitaan Vaksin Covid-19 dan Kaitannya dengan Perubahan Harga Saham Emiten Farmasi

Pandemic of Covid-19 that entered Indonesia in early March 2021 limited activities in various sectors. This condition causes the economy in Indonesia to become unstable and even experience a recession in 2020. Vaccines produced by pharmaceutical companies are one of the government's ways to improve not only health but also economic conditions in Indonesia. Various reports on the Covid-19 vaccine have caused investor reactions in the capital market, one of which is in the pharmaceutical sector itself as a producer of the Covid-19 vaccine. Using the Lexicon-based method and Pearson correlation, this study aims to analyze the sentiment of the Covid-19 vaccine coverage and analyze the relationship between these sentiments and the stock price of pharmaceutical issuers. Covid-19 vaccine news data is collected from Twitter for 22 days with 500 tweets per day. The tweets were categorized into positive, negative, or neutral sentiments using the Lexicon-based method. The results of this study indicate that the media provides more positive sentiment towards the Covid-19 vaccine. A unidirectional relationship exists between the sentiment in the Covid-19 vaccine coverage and one of the stock prices of a pharmaceutical issuer.
Assessment of the Protective Impact of Vitamin E on Sex Hormones and Sperm Parameters of Formaldehyde-treated Male Rats: A Preliminary Investigation

Background: Lifestyle factors, including environmental and occupational exposure, have a key role in reproductive health status and may impact fertility. Formaldehyde (FA) is a suspected reproductive toxicant, which may cause significant adverse effects on the reproductive system. This study was aimed at detecting the impact of FA and the possible protective role of vitamin E on the male reproductive system in rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control rats, rats treated with vehicle (corn-oil), rats treated with 10 mg/kg/day FA (FAt), and rats treated with FA plus 30 mg/kg/day vitamin E plus vehicle (FAt+ vitamin E) for two weeks. After treatment, sex hor­mone levels were examined using ELISA. Moreover the count, morphology, and motility of sperm, were observed. Results: The sperm count and the percentage of rapid progressive sperm were significantly decreased in rats in the FAt-treated group compared with those in the control and vehicle-treated groups (p<0.05). Vitamin E treatment significantly improved the parame­ters examined in the FAt+ vitamin E group (29.85±8.62 vs. 10.04±4.79 for sperm count and 60.50±5.67 vs. 42.19±8.02 for sperm motility). Moreover, serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels mildly decreased in the FA exposure group, although the difference was not statis­tically significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study revealed that FA exposure had a negative impact on sperm parameters and some reproductive hormones in rats and vita­min E attenuated the deleterious impact of FA on the reproductive system of adult male rats. [GMJ.2017;6(4):330-7] DOI: 10.22086/gmj.v6i4. 904
Inovando para o consumo sustentável: O desafio na construção de um novo paradigma organizacional Innovating for sustainable consumption: The challenge in building a new organizational paradigm

Over recent years, evidence of environmental, socia l and economic crises indicate the need for paradigm shift developmental force. In this context and in view of the continuity of human survival, ideologies must be replaced and consumption patterns changed. To this end, the roles of stakeholders in relation innovation-productionconsumption should be reviewed, and primary actors such as government, society and companies should assume their roles in the transformation of the paradigm. In pursuit of sustainable development, this paper focuses its attention on the company and objectives to understand how business innovation provides support for sustainable consumption. In th is study the resources and organizational processes such as strategy, technology, research and development (R & D), logistics, personnel management and analysis of the life cycle of the product, are taken as operational tools of innovation to achieve
'Moving in time': is this a recommendable concept? A study on the composition of the timing to move into elderly housings

The purpose of this paper is to explore the composition of the timing to move into elderly housings and to investigate whether the action of ‘moving in time’ contribute the subjective well-being of older persons. One-to-one interviews were carried out towards 88 residents in 6 elderly housings in Japan, and the 4 elements which compose the timing to move into elderly housings were extracted; 1) The occurrence of accident which caused the disability 2) Having alternative housing option or not 3) Active consideration for best housing 4) Strong confidence in the housing as good one Following these 4 elements, the interviewee were divided into 4 groups; too late group, late group, preventive group, well considered group. The subjective well-being score of these 4 groups were measured by PGC morale scale, which showed a significant difference among these 4 groups. ‘Moving in time to the elderly housings’ was verified as a recommended concept. In Japan, however, this concept is not yet familiar among older persons. Moreover, we do not have enough elderly housings for ‘moving in time’ in Japan. I would like to think about how we can make this concept popular and develop the place for ‘moving in time’.
Developing Nutrition Knowledge and Attitude Measures for Athletes With the Knowledge–Attitude–Behavior Model

ABSTRACT Purpose: Nutrition education programmes are often created to improve dietary intake in athletes. Unfortunately, the inconsistent link between nutrition knowledge and dietary behavior suggests that nutrition knowledge may not be a key influencer of dietary behavior. The Knowledge–Attitude–Behavior (KAB) model has been used in nutrition education although studies that evaluated this model were largely compromised by poorly constructed instruments and methodological discrepancies. Method: To improve understanding of the model, a Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (NKQ) and Athlete’s Perspective on Nutrition (APN) instrument was developed using the theory of planned behavior as its theoretical framework. Validity and reliability were examined for 193 Sports Science students and 11 elite netballers. Content and face validity of the 48-item NKQ was confirmed by expert sport dietitians. Discriminant validity of the NKQ and factorial validity of the APN was established. Both instruments demonstrated acceptable internal consistency and good test-retest reliability. The final instruments were administered to elite athletes in a pilot study to understand the KAB model. Results: Correlation between nutrition knowledge and dietary behavior was significant (r = .811, p = .01). Nutrition knowledge was a positive predictor of netballers’ dietary behavior (β = .8, t(2) = 3.899, p = . 005) but attitude was not (β = −.097, t(2) = −. 471, p = . 65). Conclusion: Two psychometrically sound instruments developed in this study can be used to measure nutrition knowledge and attitude in an Asian group of athletes. The pilot study with athletes showed that nutrition knowledge predicted dietary behavior.
AN ANALYSIS ON CODE-SWITCHING AND MIXING AMONG ENGLISH LEARNERS OF GAYONESE-SPEAKING STUDENTS

This research tries to find out types and their dominance of code-switching and code-mixing among EFL students with Gayonese backgrounds. This research also looks at whether a certain type of ethnic group is affluent to a specific type of code-switching and mixing. The employed method is a qualitative study, in which this study manages to identify a social phenomenon in a certain community. The data is obtained from the 13 participants in their conversations. Instruments used are observation, recording, transcribing to identify code-switching, and mixing. The result of this study shows that the participants, who are all entitled to Gayonese identity, employed all kinds of code-switching and mixing, which were extra-sentential, inter-sentential, and intra-sentential. All types of code-switching and mixing are apparent in all sets of conversations. Along with some previous research, this study affirms that there is little evidence that a certain type of ethnicity employs a certain dominant form of code-switching and mixing. There appear all types of code-switching and mixing, without one dominant type, is found in all sets of conversations. Thus, code-switching and mixing were believed to assist the learners to deliver them through to be completely understood and meaningful in the communication.