Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MONITORAMENTO FÍSICO-QUÍMICO E MICROBIOLÓGICO DA ÁGUA DO RIO CASCAVEL DURANTE O PERÍODO DE 2003 A 2006

contaminação CT CTo, 86% amostras encontram-se contagem CT 16 % CTo 2,4 x 10 2 NMP/100 mL. Houve relações significativas fatores físico-químicos de cor e pH quando comparados aos CT e CTo. resultados obtidos alto de contaminação no principal da de Cascavel, de as amostras apresentarem-se impróprias para o consumo in natura , segundo a Portaria 518 Ministério Saúde, colocando risco a saúde mais carentes, o consumo de água se sem nenhum tipo de tratamento, locais de conhecido consumo pela população de Cascavel. risco apresentado à população pela contaminação do manancial por possíveis patógenos se deve a falhas na fiscalização municipal, bem como no baixo nível de conhecimento e educação ambiental da população que mora às margens do Rio Cascavel, muitas vezes utilizando-o como deposito de lixo doméstico. ABSTRACT PHYSICAL CHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL MONITORING OF THE WATER OF THE CASCAVEL RIVER DURING THE PERIOD FROM 2003 TO 2006. In the western region of the state of Paraná, Brazil, it is necessary to control the water quality because the human population there commonly uses water sources without treatment. Statistical data referring to the water quality in the main headwaters in the county is scarce or inexistent, making its study and monitoring essential. The aim of this study was therefore to monitor the microbiological and physical-chemical quality of the water which supplies the city of Cascavel, PR, Brazil. Monthly collections were carried out, with performance of tests for pH, color and turbidness for the physical-chemical factors and total coliforms (CT) and thermotolerants (CTo) for the microbiologic ones. The results for the total and thermotolerant coliforms were compared to the referential values according to the Health Ministry Decree, nº 518, of March, 25, 2004. All the samples analyzed presented contamination by CT and CTo above 2.4 x 10 2 NMP/ 10 mL. There were meaningful relations of the physical-chemical factors of color and pH when compared to CT and CTo. The results indicate a high contamination value in the main headwaters in Cascavel, and all the samples presented were revealed to be improper for consumption in natura, according to the Sanitary Vigilance resolution, putting in risk the consumer health, both in the more destitute regions where the water consumption can be without any treatment as well as in places of known consumption by the population of Cascavel. The data suggest a lack of awareness of the population in regard to the hygiene conditions, garbage control and domestic drainage, as well as the need for intensification in the continual supervision by environmental agencies.
Analysis of grid synchronization techniques for distributed generation system during grid abnormalities

This thesis presents a synchronization algorithm aimed to provide an estimation of the angular frequency, and both the positive and negative sequences of the fundamental component of an unbalanced and distorted three-phase reference signal. It does not require transformation of variables into the synchronous frame coordinates as other conventionalphase-locked loop (PLL) schemes. Thus it is not based on the phase angle detection. Instead the angular frequency is detected and used for synchronization purposes. The design of UH-PLL, is based on a complete description of a three-phase signal which involves both positive and negative sequences in stationary coordinates of the fundamental and harmonic components. Also it includes an explicit harmonic compensation mechanism to alleviate the effect of harmonic distortion and unbalances in the supply. Therefore UH-PLL is intended to perform properly under severe unbalanced conditions, subject to distortion caused by low harmonics, and is insensitive against angular frequency variations, and sags and swells in the three-phase reference signal.
Characterization-Based Modeling of Retriggering and Afterpulsing for Passively Quenched CMOS SPADs

The current trend in the design of systems based on CMOS SPADs is to adopt smaller technological nodes, allowing the co-integration of additional electronics for the implementation of complex digital systems on chip. Due to their simplicity, a way to reduce the area occupied by the integrated electronics is the use of passive quenching circuits (PQCs) instead of active (AQCs) or mixed (MQCs) ones. However, the recharge phase in PQCs is slower, so the device can be retriggered before this phase ends. This paper studies the phenomena of afterpulsing and retriggering, depending on the characteristics of the SPADs and the working conditions. In order to do that, a test chip containing SPADs of different size has been characterized in several operating environments. A mathematical model has been proposed for fitting afterpulsing phenomenon. It is shown that retriggering can be also described in terms of this model, suggesting that it is linked to carriers trapped in the shallow levels of the semiconductor and that should be taken into account when considering the total amount of afterpulsing events.
Supervisory control of a resilient DC microgrid for commercial buildings

This paper presents a supervisory controller for DC microgrid consists of a solar photovoltaic (PV) system, fuel cell, a supercapacitor and battery bank. The DC microgrid is proposed for more efficient resilient electricity distribution in a commercial building. The operation strategy of energy storage systems (ESS) is proposed to solve the power changes from PV array and building loads fluctuations locally, instead of reflecting those disturbances into the utility grid. Furthermore, the ESS energy management scheme will help to achieve the peak reduction of the building daily electrical load demand. The DC microgrid studied in this paper is interfaced with the battery bank by using a bidirectional DC-DC converter, whilst the building electrical AC load is interfaced to grid using DC-AC inverter. The control of the studied microgrid is designed as a method to improve microgrid resilience and incorporate renewable power generation and storage into the grid.
CLASSIFYING CORRUPTION

Why is corruption wrong? This Article argues that there are two main approaches to conceptualizing the “wrong” of corruption: first, corruption as an abuse of power; and second, corruption as inequality. In addition, I claim that there is a conceptual convergence between these two approaches. As a result, many forms of corruption can be framed as either an abuse of power and/or as a violation of equality. I show that even quid pro quo corruption can be framed in equality terms—a surprising outcome given the Supreme Court’s acceptance of quid pro quo corruption and rejection of equality-based corruption.
Edinburgh Research Explorer The tobacco endgame

An increasing number of countries across the world are planning for the eradication of the tobacco epidemic. The actions necessary to realise this ambition have been termed the tobacco endgame. The focus of this paper is on the intersection between the tobacco endgame with place, a neglected theme in recent academic and policy debates. We begin with an overview of the key themes in the literature on endgame strategies before detailing the international landcape of engame initatives, paying particular attention to the opportunities and challenges of endgame strategies in low and middle income countries. Finally, we critically assess the current endgame debates and suggest a novel agenda for integrating geographical perspectives into research on the endgame that provides enhanced understanding of the challenges associated with this important global health vision.
Research Online Research Online Adaptive Random Testing in Detecting Layout Faults of Web Adaptive Random Testing in Detecting Layout Faults of Web Applications Applications

Abstract As part of a software testing process, output verification poses a challenge when the output is not numeric or textual, such as graphical. The industry practice of using human oracles (testers) to observe and verify the correctness of the actual results is both expensive and error-prone. In particular, this practice is usually unsustainable when developing web applications - the most popular software of our era. This is because web applications change frequently due to the fast-evolving requirements amid popular demand. To improve the cost effectiveness of browser output verification, in this study we design failure-based testing techniques and evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency thereof in the context of web testing. With a novel application of the concept of adaptive random sequence (ARS), our approach leverages peculiar characteristics of failure patterns found in browser layout rendering. An empirical study shows that the use of failure patterns and inclination to guide the testing flow leads to more cost-effective results than other classic methods. This study extends the application of ARSs from the input space of programs to their output space, and also shows that adaptive random testing (ART) can outperform random testing (RT) in both failure detection effectiveness (in terms of F-measure) and failure detection efficiency (in terms of execution time). As part of a software testing process, output veriﬁcation poses a challenge when the output is not numeric or textual, such as graphical. The industry practice of using human oracles (testers) to observe and verify the correctness of the actual results is both expensive and error-prone. In particular, this practice is usually unsustainable when developing web applications – the most popular software of our era. This is because web applications change frequently due to the fast-evolving requirements amid popular demand. To improve the cost eﬀectiveness of browser output veriﬁcation, in this study we design failure-based testing techniques and evaluate the eﬀectiveness and eﬃciency thereof in the context of web testing. With a novel application of the concept of adap- tive random sequence, our approach leverages peculiar characteristics of failure patterns found in browser layout rendering. An empirical study shows that the use of failure pat- terns and inclination to guide the testing ﬂow leads to more cost-eﬀective results than 2 other classic methods. This study extends the application of adaptive random sequences from the input space of programs to their output space, and also shows that adaptive random testing (ART) can outperform random testing (RT) in both failure detection ef- fectiveness (in terms of F-measure) and failure detection eﬃciency (in terms of execution time).
Prognostic Significance of Silent Myocardial Infarction in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (UKPDS)

Diabetes Study (UKPDS) and used Cox proportional hazards regression to examine outcomes by SMI status. Of 1967 patients with complete baseline data, 326 (16.6%) had ECG evidence of SMI (Minnesota codes 1.1 or 1.2) at enrollment. Those with SMI were more likely to be older, female, sedentary, and nonsmokers compared with those without SMI. Their mean blood pressure was greater despite more intensive antihypertensive treatment; they were more likely to be taking aspirin and lipid-lowering therapy; and they had a greater prevalence of microangiopathy. Fully adjusted hazard ratios for those with versus those without SMI in multivariate models that included UKPDS Risk Engine variables were 1.58 (95% confidence interval, 1.22–2.05) for fatal MI and 1.31 (95% confidence interval,1.10–1.56) for all-cause mortality. Hazard ratios for first fatal or nonfatal MI and for first nonfatal MI were nonsignificant. The net reclassification index showed no improvement when SMI was added to these models, and the integrated discrimination index showed that SMI marginally improved the prediction of fatal MI and all-cause mortality. Conclusions evidence of which was independently an and mortality. However, identification of SMI does not add substantively to current UKPDS Risk Engine predictive variables.
A Novel Calibration Method for Magnetometer Array in Nonuniform Background Field

The measurement accuracy of the magnetometer system is closely related to the calibration effect. Available magnetometer calibration methods face the limitation on the assumption that the background magnetic field is uniform. The fact is that the experiment magnetic environment is inhomogeneous for the presence of human activities mainly. This problem could be partially addressed by an auxiliary large-scale triaxial Helmholtz coil to compensate the nonuniformity of magnetic field. This paper proposes a novel calibration method based on the tensor invariants in the nonuniform magnetic field without extra device. The inhomogeneity of background field implies a nonzero gradient field; a new correction model in the gradient field has been established. Calibration parameters are estimated to compensate the observed data using the concept of magnetic gradient tensor and the corresponding rotational tensor invariants, combined with the Levenberg Marquardt optimization. And after the calibration operation, the tensor invariants should be close to a constant. Numerical simulations have been designed and carried out, showing that the proposed algorithm had a good compensation performance with fast convergence, robustness in any gradient field. Field experiments with fluxgate magnetometer array were also conducted to verify this calibration procedure. The measured results are consistent with the simulation results. The root-mean-square (RMS) error is reduced from 616.239 to 1.608 nT/m, after calibration. In addition, the machining error of the frame, the time stability of the background field, the scale of gradient field, and robustness of this proposed method have been discussed.
B EHAVIOUR OF F INANCIAL M ANAGEMENT FOR S MALL AND M EDIUM E NTERPRISES IN THE N EW N ORMAL E RA

Small and medium enterprises have been considerably affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. In the new normal era, small and medium enterprises need attention and support to survive. This study aims to analyze how the behaviors of disclosing financial statements, managerial perspectives, and social interest perspectives can change management behavior in disclosing financial statements in the absence of financial information. This research was conducted in Bali on small and medium enterprises affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in the new normal era. The sample of this research was 839 small and medium enterprises. The results showed that the disclosure of financial statements and managerial perspectives affected the perspective of social interest. Disclosure of financial statements and managerial perspectives affect the behavior of financial management. Perspectives of social interest are able to mediate the relationship between disclosure of financial statements and managerial perspectives with the behavior of financial management. Thus, in the new normal era, good and bad information about finances remains important to increasing the social interests of society.
Mesh-Free Collocation Based for Phase Transformations in Alloys

-In the present paper, a new applied algorithm based a new composite radial basis designed to solve binary alloy problem. The collocation mesh-free based the suggested radial basis function is used as a mathematical tool for the solution procedure. The advantage of such new radial basis function is that it can overcome the singularity in the diagonal matrix of the stiffness matrix resulted due to collocation procedure. The inverse matrix inversion is also used to solve two systems of linear equations at any two successive time steps. Two different examples are solved and some of the computed results are compared with the available analytical results. The computed results gave a promise to solve higher dimensional problems and can be extended to cover ternary alloys.
Generation of high-energy pulses using a large-mode-area erbium-doped fiber amplifier

Summary form only given. In conclusion, we have developed a large-mode-area Er-doped fiber amplifier and demonstrated a substantial improvement in reducing fiber nonlinearities and ASE-induced suppression of gain to increase the extracted pulse energies from a fiber-based CPA system. Using this technique we have produced pulses with energies >20 /spl mu/J.
The role of assortative mating in reproductive isolation with free dispersal between hosts (Paper

assortative mating in the process of speciation. I show that in small populations of the seed beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus , signs of inbreeding depression, such as reduced female fecundity, decreased juvenile hatching success, changed hatched offspring sex ratio, and extinction develop in relation to assortative mating. I also show that in these small, inbred populations, the mating system changes in terms of a reduced tendency to mate assortatively. Based on these results, I advocate for the importance of considering the joint effects of assortative mating and inbreeding when dealing with theories of speciation with gene flow.
Theoretical and numerical analysis of acoustic emission guided waves released during crack propagation

This article presents a theoretical and numerical analysis of guided wave released during an acoustic emission event using excitation potentials. Theoretical formulation showed that guided wave generated using excitation potentials follows the Rayleigh–Lamb equation. The numerical studies predict the out-of-plane displacement of acoustic emission guided wave on the plate surface at some distance away from the source. Parameter studies were performed to evaluate the effect of (1) pressure and shear potentials acting alone and in combination, (2) plate thickness, (3) source depth, (4) rise time, and (5) propagating distance away from the source. Numerical results showed that peak amplitude of S0 signal increases with increasing plate thickness, whereas the peak amplitude of A0 signal initially decreases and then increases with increasing plate thickness. Regarding the source depth, it was found that peak amplitude of S0 signal decreases and A0 signal increases with increasing source depth. Peak time showed a notable contribution to the low-frequency component of A0 signal. There were large losses in S0 and A0 peak signal amplitude over the propagation distance from 100 to 500 mm.
Research into the Energy Output of Asymmetric Cylindrical Structure under Internal Explosion Loading

The energy output characteristic of an asymmetric cylindrical structure under internal explosion loading has significant research value in the field of the national defense industry. This paper took the D-shaped structure as the research object. Three groups of experiments (D-90°, D-120°, D-150°) were carried out. The D-shaped structure showed that fragments are concentrated in the middle and are sparse on both sides. Moreover, the fragment density decreased with the increase of the azimuth angle. The fragment velocities, which were measured from high-speed photography and an oscilloscope, coincided well with each other, and decreased with an increase in the central angle. Compared with the cylindrical structure, the fragment energy gain of the D-shaped structure is significant; the total energy and energy density of the three D-shaped structures were very close to each other. This indicates that D-120° is the optimal solution among the three D-shaped structures and it can provide guidance for the future design of D-shaped structures to achieve higher energy output.
mutant gamma in ataxia type

PKC (cid:2) mutants up-regulates Hsp70 expression. We observed that PKC (cid:2) binds Hsp70 and that this interaction is enhanced in the SCA14-associated variants, mediated by the kinase domain that is involved in amy-loid-like fibril formation as well as the C2 domain of PKC (cid:2) . Pharmacological up-regulation of Hsp70 by the Hsp90 inhibitors celastrol and herbimycin A attenuated the aggregation of mutant PKC (cid:2) in primary cultured Purkinje cells. Up-regulation PKC (cid:2) by in of Of abnormal dendritic development. Extending our in vitro observations, administration of celastrol to mice up-regulated cerebellar Hsp70. Our findings identify heat shock proteins as important endogenous regulators of pathophysiological PKC (cid:2) aggregation and point to Hsp90 inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy in the treatment of SCA14. was overexpressed
Application of a Frequency-Based Detection Method for Evaluating Damaged Concrete Sleepers

Frequency-based damage detection (FDD) has been studied for a long time. Generally, it is pointed out that FDD is less sensitive to detect the damage in civil structures, which are composed of many members precisely. However, for the structural members on the premise of replacement like concrete sleepers, the FDD approach that has been accumulated so far may be effective. In addition, its ease and simplicity of the system are an advantage of realizing regularly and inexpensive inspection on the sites. Here we introduce the damage influence on the concrete sleepers based on the laboratory tests and demonstration of the practical use of FDD through some filed tests.
Development of Structural Design Guidelines for Porous Asphalt Pavement

Porous asphalt pavements allow designers to introduce more sustainability into projects and lessen their environmental impact. Current design procedures are based primarily on hydrologic considerations; comparatively little attention has been paid to their structural design aspects. As their use grows, a design procedure and representative material structural properties are needed to ensure that porous pavements do not deteriorate excessively under traffic loads. The objective of this project was to develop a simple, easy to apply design procedure for the structural design of porous asphalt pavements. Two methodologies were considered for such a structural design procedure: (a) the 1993 AASHTO Pavement Design Guide empirical approach, and (b) the mechanistic–empirical approach employed by the AASHTOWare Pavement ME Design software. A multifactor evaluation indicated the empirical 1993 AASHTO design procedure to be the most appropriate platform at this time. It is noted, however, that both design procedures lack validation of porous asphalt pavements against field performance. AASHTO design parameters and associated material characteristics are recommended, based on an extensive literature review. For “thin” open-graded base structures (12 in. or less), the AASHTO procedure is performed as published in the 1993 Guide. For “thick” base structures (>12 in.), the base/subgrade combination is considered a composite system which supports the porous asphalt layer; an equivalent deflection-based approach is described to estimate the composite resilient modulus of the foundation system, prior to applying the 1993 AASHTO design procedure.
OBTAINING M- LIKILIBOCD ESTIMATES OF THE PARIMETEBS FOR 1 BIXTUBE

AN This paper addresses the problem of obtaining numerically maximum-likelihood estimates of the parameters for a mixture of normal distributions. In recent literature, a certain successive-approximations procedure, based on the likelihood equations, was shown empirically to be effective in numerically approximating such maximum-likelihood estimates; however, the reliability of this procedure was not established theoretically. Here, we introduce a oencral iterative prodedure, of the generalized steepest-ascent (deflected-- = gradient) type, which is just the procedure known in the literature when the step-size is taken to bi 1. We show that, with probability 1 as the sample size.grows large, this procedure converges locally to the strongly consistent maximum-likelihood estimate whenever the step-size lies between 0 and 2. We also show that the step-size which yields optimal local convergence rates for large samples is determined in a sense by the "separation" of the component nor' mal densities and is bounded below by a number between 1 and 2.