Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Low Noise Goods Wagons

Abstract Within the framework of a project called “low noise train”, the Deutsche Bahn AG (DB AG) is currently expending a good deal of effort in initiating the development of a goods train that radiates significantly lower levels of wayside noise than do conventional goods trains. The present paper is based upon a collection of results of sound level measurements made by the UIC and the DB AG on wayside noise produced by goods wagons. For A-weighted sound-pressure levels, these results indicate that wheel/rail interactions are the dominant sources at speeds around 80 km/h on most types of wagons. Radiated noise levels are strongly influenced by the kind of braking system as well as by the condition of the rail surfaces. Other parameters appear to play a much smaller role in establishing wayside noise levels. Measurements designed to locate sources of radiated noise on dedicated goods trains have recently been carried out in order to increase our understanding of the mechanisms involved and to study the effects of sound-abatement measures on the level of rolling noise. These measurements were made with one- and two-dimensional configurations of microphone arrays. Several results of these studies are given here. In general, the conclusions drawn from the investigations are very promising, and, at least from an acoustical standpoint, the goal of realizing a “low noise goods train” appears achievable.
Scheduling/rescheduling in the manufacturing operating system environment†

Abstract A scheduling/rescheduling procedure is proposed for real-time control of a computerized manufacturing facility managed by a central manufacturing operating system. The procedure implies schedule revisions upon significant operational changes such as machine breakdowns. Experiments to evaluate the total production time of a computerized manufacturing system with breakdowns under scheduling/rescheduling have yielded advantages of between 25% to 7-0% compared to fixed sequencing and priority despatching procedures, respectively. Computation times required for the scheduling procedures on a CDC 65OO/66OO have also been studied. The scheduling/rescheduling procedure for an actual facility required less than two minutes, and the computation time can be regulated by the selection of parameters in an approximate method of scheduling. A shorter version of this article has appeared in Japanese (Yamumoto and Nof 1982)
NEURONAL SIGNAL DESCRIPTION AFTER CHRONIC STAINLESS STEEL MICROELECTRODE ARRAY IMPLANTS IN MARMOSETS

A main challenge in the development of invasive brain machine interfaces is the designing of electrodes that provide reliable neural sampling throughout the life of an individual. A first step in accomplishing that involves the characterization of signal after chronic implant of different types of electrodes. In this study, stainless steel microelectrodes were implanted in 2 marmoset monkeys. The total number, the firing rate and amplitude of the recorded units in 4 periods throughout the experiment (1, 4, 14 and 27 weeks after implantation) was assessed and compared. There was a great increase in the first 4 weeks after implantation followed by a continuous decrease in the total number of recorded neurons. In addition, the firing rate of the remaining units and the peak-to-peak amplitude of the signal did not decline over time. Together, these findings indicate that stainless steel electrodes can be reliably used to record neuronal activity in marmosets for at least 27 weeks.
A comprehensive experimental study of aerial pollutants in and emissions from livestock buildings. Part 1 : Methods

Comprehensive measurements of aerial pollutants were carried out in a mechanically-ventilated fattening piggery and in a naturally-ventilated (Louisiana-type) broiler house. In the piggery, ventilation rate was directly measured using fan-wheel anemometers and indirectly estimated by a CO2balance method. Over 24 h, the indirect CO2method underestimated the direct method by ≈6·5%. Concentrations of inhalable dust and of the gases NH3and CO2were monitored quasi-continuously in both buildings. In the piggery gravimetric and wet chemical measurements were used to investigate the spatial variation of dust and ammonia concentration, respectively; only towards the walls were significant variations found. Seasonal influences were detected for inhalable dust concentration in the broiler house and for ammonia concentration in the piggery. Altogether, the comprehensive study showed that the results of a related field survey, which used an array of measuring positions in the central cross-sectional plane of each livestock building, were comparable and sufficiently representative.
Structure of the South Pole-Aitken Basin from KAGUYA Selenodesy Data

The South Pole-Aitken basin (SPA) is the largest (2500km in diameter), deepest and presumably oldest impact basin in the solar system. SPA was characterized by an ellipse with axes 2400 by 2050 km, but more precise topography and gravity data are necessary to discuss the structure of large basin like SPA. We use localized representation of gravity potential where Slepian functions were used to estimate the gravity field over certain areas of the Moon and a spherical cap area with a radius of 40 degree from the SPA center. The direction of an ellipse denoting the depression is similar to the previous result. The region with the thinnest crust is offset southward from the center of SPA. We analyzed interior structure of small basins in and around SPA. We interpret that a positive gravity anomaly corresponds to a Moho uplift. Just around the rim of SPA, obscure circular structure Amundsen-Ganswindt has a distinct Moho uplift, suggesting a buried impact structure.
Exploring a Patent's Essentiality to the HEVC Standard: A Retrospective View

In this article we proposes a method to quantitatively explore a patent's essentiality to a standard based on a given set of already claimed standard-essential patents (SEPs). The method begins by creating an expanded patent set through a citation-based process and then clustering the expanded patent set into groups within which patents have similar technologies. It then applies main path analysis to a selected technology group to uncover a critical potential SEP within the selected technology area. To demonstrate the proposed method, we take the case of SEPs related to the high-efficiency video coding (HEVC) standard, utilizing the given SEP data from the HEVC patent pool of MPEG LA and use patent data in the ITU declaration database to verify the results of the proposed method, which show that our method is able to explore a patent's essentiality. In practice, four contingent analyses can be conducted to further confirm the results: main path analysis upon each group, branch analysis on specific patents, supplementary patent information analysis, and claim analysis on critical potential SEPs. The proposed method can assist practitioners who are developing future standards or who are trying to identify SEPs for the purpose of business strategy and patent deployment.
The use of corporate derivatives: Effects on firm value in the Italian market

It is an empirical question whether the use of derivatives hedging among firms actually contributes to enhancing firm performances. Despite the increasing use of derivatives by non-financial firms, existing literature still debates about their effect, especially in countries with peculiar corporate governance mechanisms. By using a sample of non-financial Italian firms listed from 2007 to 2018, this paper investigates if the use of several types (currency, interest rate, and commodity) of financial derivatives can affect the value of a company. For measuring the impact of the derivatives and in order to address any possible endogeneity problem, besides using the conventional methodologies applied by previous literature (fixed-effect regression models and system GMM estimators), we run a random forest model, a machine learning technique not yet applied before in this field, and calculate the relative importance of each independent and control variable. Differently from other European countries, findings show that the use of derivatives does not affect the firm value in the Italian market. Therefore, our results confirm the role of corporate governance mechanisms on the relationship between firm value and the use of derivatives and that their impact is country-specific.
Characterization of the broadband transmission behavior of interconnections on silicon substrates

Some characteristics of the transmission behavior of interconnections on conductive silicon substrates are presented. With regard to the signal propagation on high-speed digital circuits the broadband behavior of the lines is of special interest. The characteristic impedance and the propagation constant of the lines are determined experimentally by microwave measurements. The influence of the line geometry, the substrate resistivity and the signal frequency on the transmission behavior are clarified. Based on the results of the measurements, the suitability of the conventional RLC line model for time-domain simulations of the transmission characteristics of interconnections on silicon substrates is investigated. <<ETX>>
An extraction method of the tank characteristic quantities in infrared thermal images

In order to analyze the tank characteristic in infrared thermal image quantitatively, an extraction method of tank characteristic quantities in infrared thermal images by using MATLAB was discussed, and a group of characteristic quantities which identified tank in infrared thermal image were summarized. By calculating and processing infrared thermal image of tank which was created by simulation, the results showed that the characteristic quantities which were extracted using this method can described tank feature in infrared thermal image roundly, and provided the study foundation for target recognition technology development.
Considerations for Simulation of the Switching Arc

Electric arc is a complex phenomenon that appears in Low Voltage Circuit Breakers (LVCB) during the current interruption process. The optimization of these LVCBs makes necessary a deep understanding of the phenomena involved in the electric arc. The aim of this paper is to describe the physical process of the electric arc in LVCB, as well as specify the mathematical, physical and software needs for its modelization and simulation. Streszczenie. Luk elektryczny moze pojawiac sie w niskonapieciowych wylącznikach LVCB przy przerwaniu przeplywu prądu. Aby mozna bylo wylączniki optymalizowac trzeba gruntownie przeanalizowac zjawisko luku. Celem artykulu jest opisanie fizyki luku elektrycznego w LVCB oraz zaproponowanie narzedzi do jego modelowania. (Mozliwości symulowania luku elektrycznego w wylącznikach).
Locus of contro L and its re L ation to organizationa L ro L e stress : an empirica L study a mong r etai L emp L oyees in Banga L ore

The degree to which a person perceive contingencies to affect outcome i.e. the locus of control affects many work perceptions like Job satisfaction, role stress, role efficacy. Researches have been conducted to understand whether there is a relation between Internal/External loci of employees with that of organizational role stress. The present study aims to study the relationship between locus of control and organizational role stress among retail employees of a prominent retail brand in Bangalore. The objectives of the present study is to (1) identify the type of locus of control present among managerial and non managerial employees (2) to identify the type of role stresses present among the employees and (3) to analyse the relationship between locus of control and Organizational role stress. The Primary data was collected by a survey using a structured questionnaire among the employees (Managerial and Non Managerial) in a prominent retail firm in Bangalore. The Loco Inventory questionnaire was used to find the type of LOC present in employees and the ORS scale developed by Udai Pareek was used to study the type of role stresses present in employees. The Questionnaire was distributed among 100 employees (both managerial and non managerial) and the researcher received 76 questionnaires ie 36 managerial employees and 40 non managerial employees. Mean, ratio analysis, correlation were used for statistical analysis. The results indicate that the majority of employees among the sample was externally locused i.e. external others. Among the ten role stresses Role Erosion (RE) and Inter role distance (IRD) appeared more among the employees. It was also found that there was a high negative correlation between Internality and organizational role stress i.e. as internality increases, role stress decreases. It was found that there was a high positive correlation between external locus of control (External - others and external - chance) with organizational role stress i.e. as externality increases, role stress increases.
Planar inverted‐F antenna with a bent meandered radiating arm for GSM/DCS operation

An innovative dual‐frequency planar inverted‐F antenna (PIFA) mounted at the bottom end of the ground plane of a folder‐type mobile handset is presented. The proposed PIFA has a bent meandered radiating arm and is first printed on a flexible printed circuit board (FPCB), which is then bent by 90° and attached to and supported by a foam base of size 40 × 8 × 7 mm3. The proposed PIFA is capable of GSM/DCS operation, and the experimental results of a constructed prototype are presented and discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 38: 73–75, 2003
Applying artificial neural networks and virtual experimental design to quality improvement of two industrial processes

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are powerful tools to model the non-linear cause-and-effect relationships inherent in complex production processes, usually for process and quality control. This paper substantiates the concurrent application of ANNs and virtual design of experiments to quality improvement. For a chemical manufacturing process and a printed circuit board machining process, respectively, empirical ANN models were constructed and validated using historical data, which were further used to predict the outputs of well-designed process settings. The predicted results were then used to perform statistical tests and identify the significant factors and interactions that affect the quality-related output variables. For the production of a resin intermediate, it was revealed that the combination of low water concentration and an appropriate ratio of raw materials increases both the yield and product quality in a synergistic manner. For the machining of printed circuit board slot by a milling cutter, it was concluded that a high forwarding speed was preferred for the better quality of the milled surface. For both cases, the preliminary conclusions lead to the directions of further real-world experiments for quality improvement. The data mining approach integrating ANNs and virtual design of experiments showed great potential to achieve a better understanding of process behaviour and to improve the process quality efficiently.
PASSIVE VELOCITY FIELD CONTROL (PVFC) APPROACH TO ROBOT FORCE CONTROL AND CONTOUR FOLLOWING

A passive velocity field control (PVFC) approach is proposed to achieve simultaneous contour following, and force profile tracking control. The approach has the unique features that 1) it is energetically passive so that when it physically interacts with an object, safety and contact stability properties are enhanced; 2) contour following task is coded using a velocity field instead of the a timed trajectory approach so that the coordination aspect of these tasks is explicit. Previous application of PVFC to contour following has shown that it has good contour tracking accuracies and robustness properties, especially at high speeds. The present paper combines an integral force controller with PVFC. The combined controller is ensured to be passive, and various modifications have been proposed to further enhance robustness to alleviate impact, and to ensure that the controller is numerically well conditioned.
Integrated Part Classification for Product Cost and Complexity Reduction

The manufacturing industry is moving towards a truly global arena. Organizations are adopting the philosophy of “design anywhere, manufacture anywhere, and sell anywhere”. Global operations with local focus have become the core of an organization’s strategy. Organizations are trying to have a vast product portfolio with mass customization to meet the customers’ increasing demand for personalized products. While expanding the product portfolio and bringing new products to the market the aspect of product sustenance across its life cycle is often missed out. With regulatory standards becoming more stringent, product maintenance and retirement are becoming challenging and costly. The aspect of “circular economy” is extending the life of the product and individual parts beyond the traditional end of life with re-fabrication, reconditioning and recycling of parts. The part-level detailing is becoming very important at the design stage. This provides huge growth opportunities for organizations, but comes with challenges of increased complexity, variety and cost.One of the potential ways to address the challenges listed above is the availability and maintenance of part-level information and dynamic traceability across the lifecycle, enriched with cross functional inputs. This is important for business decision making during product portfolio planning and product design in both proactive and reactive scenarios. Based on the authors’ industry experience across multiple product development organizations, it is evident that there is limited awareness of the potential of classification and its impact beyond basic part search and reuse. In this paper, we discuss the need for an integrated, cross-functional model and a common database for part information management. We present an agent-based simulation to show the benefits of such an integrated modeling strategy. In the process, the approach has the potential to also bring configurability of the product till the end of life. Configurability is from the aspect of making a product that will perform to meet customer needs along with delivering profit for business and being compliant with various regulatory norms.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Health of Eastern North American Sugar Maple Forests and Factors Affecting Decline

Sugar maple (Acer saccharum) is a keystone species in the forests of the northeastern and midwestern United States and eastern Canada. Its sustained health is an important issue in both managed and unmanagedforests. While sugar maple generally is healthy throughout its range, decline disease of sugar maple has occurred sporadically during the pastfour decades; thus, it is important to understand the abiotic and biotic factors contributing to sugar maple health. Soil moisture deficiency or excess, highway deicing salts, and extreme weather events including late spring frosts, midwinter thawlfreeze cycles, glaze damage, and atmospheric deposition are the most important abiotic agents. Defoliating insects, sugar maple borer (Glycobius speciosus), Armillaria root disease, and injury from management activities represent important biotic factors. Studies of sugar maple declines over the past four decades reveal that nutrient deficiencies of magnesium, calcium, andpotassium; insect defoliation; drought; and Armillaria were importantpredisposing, inciting, and contributing factors in sugar maple declines. Forestland managers can contribute to sustained health of sugar maple by choosing appropriate sites for its culture, monitoring stress events, and examining soil nutrition. North. J. Appl. For. 19(2):34-44.
Le prêt à intérêt face à la religion et au droit - Imbrication et séparation aux premiers moments d’une histoire longue

On peut regarder la science des mœurs comme un dispositif à deux temps dans un processus d’évolution du savoir dont l’héritage contemporain serait représenté par les sciences sociales et, parmi elles, l’économie. Ce dispositif prend successivement deux formes différentes. La première correspond à l’émergence et au développement de la science des mœurs à l’époque des Lumières, où elle s’impose par une approche renouvelée de l’homme, abordé non plus à travers une investigation portant sur son essence, mais à travers ses mœurs, tels qu’ils ressortent de l’observation et de l’expérience. La diversité des textes et auteurs concernés (de Montesquieu à Condorcet en France, par exemple ; ou, en Ecosse, de Hutcheson à Ferguson) rendent illusoire la recherche d’un invariant analytique qui les caractériserait. En revanche, leur proximité méthodologique est mieux affirmée : elle procède de la transposition au domaine de la morale d’une méthode fondée sur l’observation et l’expérience que Newton avait privilégiées pour aborder les phénomènes naturels. Cet accent placé sur une méthodologie conduirait à retenir celui qui en fut le représentant le plus éminent – David Hume, dont le Traité de la nature humaine (1739-40) affirme explicitement dans son sous-titre qu’il est une « tentative d’introduire la méthode expérimentale de raisonnement dans les sujets moraux ». La deuxième forme se laisse plus aisément cerner puisque la science des mœurs y apparaît à travers un effort spécifique : celui réalisé par Lévy-Bruhl (1903) pour l’émanciper de la morale. Cette émancipation procède de l’éviction des déterminants individuels et de la dimension normative que moralistes et théologiens lui reconnaissaient, au profit d’une mise en relation avec l’ensemble des phénomènes sociaux. Comme en écho à ce qui s’était déjà produit au XVIII siècle, de même que le fait religieux, avec Durkheim (1912), échappe à la compétence du clergé, le fait moral, avec Lévy-Bruhl, échappe à celle des moralistes. Ceci est obtenu par un glissement dans ce qui représente la primitive de l’analyse : il s’agit désormais du fait moral et non plus de ce qui le fonde – pour les uns, la raison ; pour les autres, la volonté divine, le sentiment ou encore l’intérêt : la singularité de la science des mœurs, cette fois, n’est plus de méthode mais d’analyse. Si on la rapporte aux modalités du discours économique qui en dérive, cette dualité du dispositif dont émerge la science des mœurs, centré dans un premier temps sur le
Evaluation and Analysis on Coupling Coordinated Development of Urban Resource, Environment and Economy in Jiangxi Province in China

This paper established a comprehensive appraisement index system of resource and environment and urban economy development and analyzed the coupling coordination of resource, environment and economy development of 11 prefecture-level cities in Jiangxi province in China in 2010 by using the principal component weight method and coupling coordination degree model. The results show that there is a big difference between resource and environment of the 11 cities; economy development is unbalanced; the coupling coordination degrees are overall low between resource, environment and economy development. At last, the authors propose some political advices for the coupling coordinated development of resource, environment and economy.
A compact planar magic-T junction with aperture-coupled difference port

The operating principles of a compact planar magic-T junction are described and experimentally validated. The distinguishing feature of this component is the placement of the difference port on a layer separated from the other three ports by a ground plane. Moreover, the two parts of the component are electromagnetically coupled through a slot-aperture in the ground plane. The component is inherently multilayer, i.e., the transition between the circuit layers is a functional part of the device. The tested microstrip prototype performs well over a frequency range of about 40%.