Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Frontal Plane Gait Analysis using Pose Estimation Models

Historically, gait analysis has been performed through visual observation or assisted by tools such as wearable sensors, motion capture systems, and force plates. However, the accuracy of visual observation can be affected by the subjective judgment and experience of clinicians, and instrumented gait analysis requires trained operators to achieve precise results. In recent years, deep learning technology has advanced, and researchers have turned their attention towards deep learning-based pose estimation models, which have shown promise in assessing walking and running gait with encouraging outcomes. However, although markerless gait analysis based on pose estimation has potential, it is usually confined to the sagittal plane and is not suitable for use in a clinical or home setting. This research proposes a new method for analyzing gait in the frontal plane using pose estimation models such as OpenPose, YOLOv7 Pose, and MediaPipe Pose and a single camera. The main objective of the study is to evaluate the reliability of these models for frontal plane gait analysis by comparing them to the widely accepted 3D Vicon motion capture system. Additionally, the study aims to determine the best pose estimation model for automated gait analysis in the frontal plane. The MediaPipe Pose model was found to be the best model for frontal gait assessment due to its moderate inference speed (17.58 fps) and strongest correlation of gait outcomes with the Vicon motion capture system (r: 0.924, ICC(2,1): 0.919).
Distribution Characteristics of Induced Overvoltage Along 10 kV Distribution Line Caused by Artificially Triggered Lightning at 40 m

This article presents the induced overvoltage caused by nearby artificial-triggered lightning at different observation points on 10 kV distribution lines in the Conghua area of Guangzhou during the summer of 2018. The induced overvoltage waveforms measured at different observation points on the transmission lines feature obvious distribution regularity. Three-phase overvoltage has similar waveform characteristics, the induced overvoltage of each observation point starts from the slow rise of negative polarity, which can reach a negative peak after tens of microseconds, then polarity reversal occurs within 2–10 μs, and bipolar periodic attenuation oscillation begins after reaching the positive peak, and finally falls to 0 level. According to the characteristics of the waveform, the induced overvoltage waveform can be divided into three parts: the negative peak rising process, the polarity conversion process, and the attenuation oscillation process. With the increase of the distance from the observation point to the lightning channel, the negative peak value increases gradually, and the increase slows down near the end of the line; the time of polarity conversion increases gradually, and the peak-to-peak value decreases gradually, but there is a recovery to some overvoltage at both ends of the line. The attenuation oscillation at different observation points lasts for a period of about 16 μs, which is independent of the location of the observation points. However, the farther away from the trigger point, the longer the oscillation lasts.
A fault‐driven circulation model for the Lost City Hydrothermal Field

The Lost City Hydrothermal Field on the Atlantis Massif is an off‐axis hydrothermal system, hosted in serpentinized ultramafic and metagabbroic rocks, that discharges through high‐permeability faults and fractures. High‐pH fluids vent through carbonate chimneys with temperatures ranging between 24°C and 91°C, and vent fluid geochemistry indicates quantitative removal of magnesium and water‐rock reactions consistent with heating to between 250°C and 300°C, conductive cooling, and mixing with seawater. This paper develops a relatively simple, steady state, fault‐controlled fluid circulation and crustal heat transfer model that is consistent with these observations. The model results predict that the (1) heat output at Lost City is ~4 × 104 W, (2) circulation depth is approximately 2.7 km, and (3) permeability of the fault zone is ~10−14 m2. The model assumes that the hydrothermal system mines heat from the adjacent country rock, and it does not appear that heat from serpentinization reactions or cooling intrusions is needed to drive the system. Because it takes ~105a for the current model to reach steady state, earlier episodes of hydrothermal activity at LCHF may have operated differently and vent temperatures may have been higher.
Grazing exclusion alters soil methane flux and methanotrophic and methanogenic communities in alpine meadows on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

Grazing exclusion (GE) is an effective measure for restoring degraded grassland ecosystems. However, the effect of GE on methane (CH4) uptake and production remains unclear in dominant bacterial taxa, main metabolic pathways, and drivers of these pathways. This study aimed to determine CH4 flux in alpine meadow soil using the chamber method. The in situ composition of soil aerobic CH4-oxidizing bacteria (MOB) and CH4-producing archaea (MPA) as well as the relative abundance of their functional genes were analyzed in grazed and nongrazed (6 years) alpine meadows using metagenomic methods. The results revealed that CH4 fluxes in grazed and nongrazed plots were −34.10 and −22.82 μg‧m−2‧h−1, respectively. Overall, 23 and 10 species of Types I and II MOB were identified, respectively. Type II MOB comprised the dominant bacteria involved in CH4 uptake, with Methylocystis constituting the dominant taxa. With regard to MPA, 12 species were identified in grazed meadows and 3 in nongrazed meadows, with Methanobrevibacter constituting the dominant taxa. GE decreased the diversity of MPA but increased the relative abundance of dominated species Methanobrevibacter millerae from 1.47 to 4.69%. The proportions of type I MOB, type II MOB, and MPA that were considerably affected by vegetation and soil factors were 68.42, 21.05, and 10.53%, respectively. Furthermore, the structural equation models revealed that soil factors (available phosphorus, bulk density, and moisture) significantly affected CH4 flux more than vegetation factors (grass species number, grass aboveground biomass, grass root biomass, and litter biomass). CH4 flux was mainly regulated by serine and acetate pathways. The serine pathway was driven by soil factors (0.84, p < 0.001), whereas the acetate pathway was mainly driven by vegetation (−0.39, p < 0.05) and soil factors (0.25, p < 0.05). In conclusion, our findings revealed that alpine meadow soil is a CH4 sink. However, GE reduces the CH4 sink potential by altering vegetation structure and soil properties, especially soil physical properties.
The Power of Peer Leaders: Exploring the Link between Peer Leadership Behaviors and Sustainable Work Outcomes

Most leadership studies primarily focus on formal leaders, often overlooking the influence of leaders within the team. While prior research has shown that peer leaders can have a beneficial impact on various team outcomes, it is yet unclear which peer leadership behaviors precisely foster a supportive and sustainable work environment. Building upon the recent identification of 10 peer leadership roles and 37 underlying functions, the current study aims to investigate the relationships between these peer leadership roles and functions and key outcomes (i.e., job satisfaction, team cohesion, team effectiveness, and OCB). A total of 31 organizational teams, comprising 182 employees from diverse sectors, participated in a quantitative survey. Employing multilevel modeling analysis, the findings demonstrated that each leadership role and nearly every function predicted at least one outcome, highlighting their significance within organizational teams. Additionally, Necessary Condition Analysis revealed that specific roles and functions were necessary for generating one or more outcomes. Finally, we found that most of the significant relationships remained consistent across teams, regardless of their size, tenure, or level of team identification. These findings refine our understanding of shared leadership and how peer leaders can create a sustainable workplace by fostering employee well-being and productivity in organizational teams.
Constraints on the Mineralogy of Gale Crater Mudstones from MSL SAM Evolved Water

The Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) and Chemistry and Mineralogy (CheMin) instruments on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) have analysed more than 150 micron fines from 14 sites at Gale Crater. Here we focus on the mudstone samples. Two were drilled from sites John Klein (JK) and Cumberland (CB) in the Sheepbed mudstone. Six were drilled from Murray Formation mudstone: Confidence Hills (CH), Mojave (MJ), Telegraph Peak (TP), Buckskin (BK), Oudam (OU), Marimba (MB). SAM's evolved gas analysis mass spectrometry (EGA-MS) detected H2O, CO2, O2, H2, SO2, H2S, HCl, NO, and other trace gases, including organic fragments. The identity and evolution temperature of evolved gases can support CheMin mineral detection and place constraints on trace volatile-bearing phases or phases difficult to characterize with X-ray diffraction (e.g., amorphous phases). Here we will focus on SAM H2O data and comparisons to SAM-like analyses of key reference materials.
Cooperative Control of CAVs Using Control Barrier Function at Signal-free Intersection Considering Real Environment

This study addresses the cooperative control of CAVs(Connected and Automated Vehicles) at Signal-free Intersection. The purpose is to reduce fuel consumption by crossing intersection without stopping as much as possible while ensuring safety. For this problem, We consider a two-stage control structure.The first stage is to calculate the merging time of each CAV by solving mixed integer linear programming (MILP). In the second stage, each CAV solves the optimal control problem and determines the input in time for the merging time. In this study, We propose an optimal control method using control barrier function considering more realistic scenario, and a speed regulation zone to cross the intersection at a pre-determined terminal speed. By using input corrections and trajectory tracking of speed and position, simulation results show that fuel consumption can be reduced while ensuring safety. Finally, compared to conventional research, the system achieves low fuel consumption, and demonstrating its superiority.
Atomic structure and water arrangement on K-feldspar microcline (001).

The properties of clouds, such as their reflectivity or their likelihood to precipitate, depend on whether the cloud droplets are liquid or frozen. Thus, understanding the ice nucleation mechanisms is essential for the development of reliable climate models. Most ice nucleation in the atmosphere is heterogeneous, i.e., caused by ice nucleating particles such as mineral dusts or organic aerosols. In this regard, K-feldspar minerals have attracted great interest recently as they have been identified as one of the most important ice nucleating particles under mixed-phase cloud conditions. The mechanism by which feldspar minerals facilitate ice nucleation remains, however, elusive. Here, we present atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments on microcline (001) performed in an ultrahigh vacuum and at the solid-water interface together with density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) calculations. Our ultrahigh vacuum data reveal features consistent with a hydroxyl-terminated surface. This finding suggests that water in the residual gas readily reacts with the surface. Indeed, the corresponding DFT calculations confirm a dissociative water adsorption. Three-dimensional AFM measurements performed at the mineral-water interface unravel a layered hydration structure with two features per surface unit cell. A comparison with MD calculations suggests that the structure observed in AFM corresponds to the second hydration layer rather than the first water layer. In agreement with previous computation results, no ice-like structure is seen, questioning an explanation of the ice nucleation ability by lattice match. Our results provide an atomic-scale benchmark for the clean and water-covered microcline (001) plane, which is mandatory for understanding the ice nucleation mechanism on feldspar minerals.
Functional and structural analysis of a novel splice site HMBS variant in a Chinese AIP patient

Background: Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is a rare metabolic disorder that results from mutations in the gene encoding hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMBS), an enzyme involved in heme biosynthesis. AIP follows an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, but most carriers are asymptomatic. The clinical manifestations of AIP include acute attacks of abdominal pain and neuropsychiatric disturbances. The pathogenicity of novel HMBS variants identified in Chinese patients has not been well established. Objective: The article aims to identify the pathogenic mutation in an AIP patient and prove its pathogenicity through in vitro experiments. Methods: A 22-year-old female diagnosed with AIP participated in the study. Variant screening of her HMBS gene was carried out through Sanger sequencing. To ascertain the consequences of the newly discovered variant, we conducted in vitro experimentation targeting HMBS gene expression and enzymatic function. Additionally, protein structure analysis was performed. Cycloheximide treatment and UPF1-specific siRNA knockdown were employed to assess the impact of the mutation on the mechanism of non-sense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). Results: A novel splice site variant in the HMBS gene (c.648_651+1delCCAGG) was detected in the patient, which caused aberrant mRNA splicing. In vitro experiments demonstrated that this variant significantly decreased the expression of HMBS. Further investigation confirmed that this decrease was due to NMD. Additionally, structural analysis indicated that this variant would destabilize the HMBS protein and impair its catalytic activity. To gain a comprehensive understanding of HMBS mutations in the context of AIP, we conducted a literature search on PubMed using the keywords ‘HMBS’ and ‘Acute intermittent porphyria’ from 2013 to 2023. This search yielded 19 clinical case reports written in English, which collectively described 220 HMBS gene mutations worldwide. Conclusion: The study identified and proved the pathogenicity of a novel splice site HMBS variant for the first time. Our results elucidated the pathological mechanism by which this mutation causes AIP through reducing HMBS expression and activity. These findings provide theoretical guidance for the diagnosis, treatment and genetic counseling of AIP patients.
Exchange processes between littoral and pelagic waters in a stratified lake

The physical processes responsible for the exchange of water and particles between lake boundaries (littoral) and interior (pelagic) are investigated using field data and the three-dimensional hydrodynamic Estuary and Lake Computer Model (ELCOM) in Lake Kinneret, Israel. The field data revealed large-scale metalimnion oscillations with amplitudes up to 10 m in response to westerly diurnal winds and the existence of a well-defined suspended particle intrusion into the metalimnion of the lake. The changes in the thermal structure explained the observed vertical and horizontal movements of the suspended particle intrusion. The horizontal advective transport via the metalimnion, associated with the velocities induced by the basin-scale mode-two Poincare wave, controlled the exchange between lake boundaries and interior on daily timescales. Detailed comparison of simulation results with field data revealed that the model captured the lake hydrodynamics for time scales from hours to days. The numerical simulation showed bottom shear velocities capable of resuspension and so a source of the observed suspended particle intrusion. Together, field data and numerical modelling clarified the flux path of water and particles between littoral and pelagic waters in the lake and demonstrated the importance of a proper characterization of the processes involved required for modelling and management of water quality resources. Mecanica Computacional Vol. XXIII, pp. 1261-1274 G.Buscaglia, E.Dari, O.Zamonsky (Eds.) Bariloche, Argentina, November 2004
Dense granular flows in a vertical chute

Dense flows of dry grains in a vertical chute controlled by the orifice consist in a steady and uniform plug flow with a thin shear layer near the rough walls. Using magnetic resonance imaging, we present detailed measurements of velocity profiles, and discuss the influence of the shear rate and of the wall roughness in the shear zone.
RISK FACTORS AND PREDICTORS OF SEVERITY FOR ISCHEMIC STROKE IN THE RURAL SOUTH INDIAN POPULATION

Introduction: Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. The risk factors contributing to stroke vary among geographical locations, ethnic populations, and also among genders. This study aims to identify the prevalence of risk factors among patients admitted for ischemic stroke, correlate the stroke severity, and identify risk factors in the rural South Indian population. Methods: One hundred and thirty patients admitted with acute ischemic stroke formed the study population. The demographic details and neurological examination at admission were noted. The presence of comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, systemic hypertension, coronary artery disease, smoking, and quantity of alcohol consumed was documented. All patients underwent a series of investigations including computed tomography brain, fasting blood sugar, fasting lipid profile, complete blood count, and carotid Doppler. Stroke severity was graded as per the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. Results: This study of 130 stroke patients (65.4% male and 34.6% female) with a mean age of 61.10 years examined risk factors and their associations with stroke severity. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were prevalent (51.5% and 50%, respectively). Significant associations were found between age, sex, and alcohol consumption with stroke severity. Overall, age emerged as a critical determinant of stroke severity. Conclusion: Tremendous research gaps persist despite significant progress in researching gender differences in stroke as well as particular factors impacting risk and outcomes which need to be addressed in future studies. Urgent health-care policies are needed to arrest the rapidly rising epidemic of metabolic diseases and combat alcoholism.
Recurrent Large Kernel Attention Network for Efficient Single Infrared Image Super-Resolution

Infrared imaging has broad and important applications. However, the infrared detector manufacture technique limits the detector resolution and the resolution of infrared images. In this work, we design a Recurrent Large Kernel Attention Neural Network (RLKA-Net) for single infrared image super-resolution(SR), and then demonstrate its superior performance. Compared to other SR networks, RLKA-Net is a lightweight network capable of extracting spatial and temporal features from infrared images. To extract spatial features, we use multiple stacked Recurrent Learning Units (RLUs) to expand the network’s receptive field, while the large kernel attention mechanism in RLUs is used to obtain attention maps at various granularity. To extract temporal features, RLKA-Net uses the recurrent learning strategy to keep persistent memory of extracted features, which contribute to more precise reconstruction results. Moreover, RLKA-Net employs an Attention Gate (AG) to reduce the number of parameters and expedite the training process. We demonstrate the efficacy of the Recurrent Learning Stages (RLS), Large Kernel Attention Block (LKAB), and Attention Gate mechanisms through ablation studies. We test RLKA-Net on several infrared image datasets. The experimental results demonstrate that RLKA-Net presents state-of-the-art performance compared to existing SR models. The code and models are available at https://github.com/ZedFm/ RLKA-Net.
Performance Enhancement in Pre-Trained Deep Learning Models for Monkeypox Skin Lesions Identification Using Feature Selection Algorithms

Monkeypox is an uncommon viral infection leading to skin eruptions resembling smallpox. Recent monkeypox outbreaks demonstrate the persistent danger presented by this virus. Accurate and timely diagnosis of monkeypox is important for the effective treatment and prevention of outbreaks. In this study, we propose an integration of feature selection algorithms for the deep features approach for the classification of monkeypox skin lesions. The deep pre-trained models (ResNet50, GoogleNet, and InceptionNetV3) are fine-tuned at initial stage. After that, deep model-based features are extracted and filtered by the feature selection algorithms. Finally, the selected features are then classified using traditional classifiers. The obtained results show that the classification selected of deep features achieved high performance and outperformed the original version of the pre-trained model. The highest performance metrics belongs to the case of ResNet50-based features and Grey Wolf Optimization giving 96.8%, 95.3%, 98.0%, and 96.5% in terms of accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and F1-score, respectively.
Developing professional identity: Narratives of preservice preschool teachers

The purpose of this study was to examine the professional identity development of preservice preschool teachers. In this research, currere method, which is an educational autobiography creation technique, was used. A total of 20 Turkish female preservice preschool teachers participated in the study. The data of research was collected via autobiographies written by preservice preschool teachers. The results indicate that preservice preschool teachers were influenced by their families and by their passionate teachers in their past educational life. Also, the future expectations of preservice teachers have an effect on their present educational experiences. In addition, preservice teachers stated that the autobiographical writing process providing them with the opportunity to review their past, present and future expectations. They stated that this opportunity helped them get to know themselves better and structuring their ideas about their personal and professional lives.
Market response to external events and interventions in spherical minority games

We solve the dynamics of large spherical minority games (MG) in the presence of non-negligible time-dependent external contributions to the overall market bid. The latter represent the actions of market regulators or other major natural or political events that impact on the market. In contrast to non-spherical MGs, the spherical formulation allows one to derive closed dynamical order parameter equations in an explicit form and work out the market's response to such events fully analytically. We focus on a comparison between the response to stationary versus oscillating market interventions, and reveal profound and partially unexpected differences in terms of transition lines and the volatility.