Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FarSpot: Optimizing Monetary Cost for HPC Applications in the Cloud Spot Market

Recently, we have witnessed many HPC applications developed and hosted in the cloud, which can benefit from the elastic and diversified resources on the cloud, while on the other hand confronting high costs for executing the long-running HPC applications. Although public clouds such as Amazon EC2 offer spot instances with dynamic and usually low prices compared to on-demand ones, the spot prices can vary significantly and sometimes can even be more expensive than on-demand prices of the same type. Previous work on reducing the monetary cost for HPC applications using spot instances focused on designing fault tolerance techniques or selecting appropriate instance types/bid prices to make good usage of the low spot prices. However, with the recent update of spot pricing model on Amazon EC2, these work may become either inefficient or invalid. In this article, we present FarSpot which is an optimization framework for HPC applications in the latest cloud spot market with the goal of minimizing application cost while ensuring performance constraints. FarSpot provides accurate long-term price prediction for a wide range of spot instance types using ensemble-based learning method. It further incorporates a cost-aware deadline assignment algorithm to distribute application deadline to each task according to spot price changes. With the assigned subdeadline of each task, FarSpot dynamically migrates tasks among spot instances to reduce execution cost. Evaluation results using real HPC benchmark show that 1) the prediction error of FarSpot is very low (below 3%), 2) FarSpot reduced the monetary cost by 32% on average compared to state-of-the-art algorithms, and 3) FarSpot satisfies the user-specified deadline constraints at all time.
An Analysis of Phase Noise in Bipolar Colpitts Oscillators (With a Digression on Bipolar

This work presents an analysis of phase noise in the region displayed by both single-ended and differential bipolar Colpitts oscillators. Very accurate and rigorous symbolic phase noise expressions are derived, enabling a deeper insight into the major mechanisms of phase noise generation, and providing new tools for design optimization. Phase noise expressions for the cross-coupled differential-pair LC-tank oscillator are derived as well. The theoretical analysis is validated on a 3 GHz differential bipolar Colpitts VCO implemented in a 0.35 m SiGe process. Measurements show a phase noise of 123 dBc/Hz or less at 1 MHz offset frequency from the 2.8-3.1 GHz carrier, for a phase noise figure-of-merit of at least 183 dBc/Hz across the tuning range. A very good agreement between theory, numerical simula- tions, and measurements is observed. and will be here applied to the case of bipolar oscillators, which is considerably more complex, due to the presence of a non-negligible bipolar junction transistor (BJT) base resistance, and to the highly nonlinear equation of the BJT collector current (13). In particular, closed-form expressions for the minimum phase noise displayed by either single-ended or differential bipolar Colpitts, and by the differential-pair LC-tank oscillator, are derived in this study. The theoretical results so obtained provide enhanced insights into how the dominant phase noise sources in these oscillator topologies can be minimized. The analysis is validated through extensive numerical simulations and measurements. The rest of this paper is organized as follows. Section II de- rives the expression for the phase noise caused by tank losses in a general LC-tank oscillator; Section III provides symbolic ex- pressions for the phase noise displayed by either single-ended or differential bipolar Colpitts oscillators, and Section IV com- pares these results with those valid for the CMOS version of the circuits. Section V compares the theoretical results with numer- ical simulations, and Section VI presents measurements from a differential 3 GHz bipolar Colpitts VCO implemented in a 0.35 m SiGe process. Section VII summarizes the most im- portant conclusions of this work, while the symbolic phase noise equations for the cross-coupled differential-pair LC-tank oscil- lator are presented in the Appendix.
A low phase noise and low spur PLL frequency synthesizer for GNSS receivers

A low phase noise and low spur phase locked loop (PLL) frequency synthesizer for use in global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers is proposed. To get a low spur, the symmetrical structure of the phase frequency detector (PFD) produces four control signals, which can reach the charge pump (CP) simultaneously, and an improved CP is realized to minimize the charge sharing and the charge injection and make the current matched. Additionally, the delay is controllable owing to the programmable PFD, so the dead zone of the CP can be eliminated. The output frequency of the VCO can be adjusted continuously and precisely by using a programmable LC-TANK. The phase noise of the VCO is lowered by using appropriate MOS sizes. The proposed PLL frequency synthesizer is fabricated in a 0.18 μm mixed-signal CMOS process. The measured phase noise at 1 MHz offset from the center frequency is −127.65 dBc/Hz and the reference spur is −73.58 dBc.
A four beam-switched planar array antenna for mobile terminals

Low-profile beam-switched antennas are effective for mobile terminals to reduce the interference such as multipath fading, co-channel interference or near-far problem. A four beam-switched antenna consisting of four monopoles and corner reflectors was proposed for antenna pattern diversity by Ikegami et al. (1986); however, it was not suitable for practical usage. For the flat four-beam switched antenna, we require a cardioid pattern in the vertical plane with 90/spl deg/ of the half power beam width in the horizontal plane. A flat array antenna concept using four magnetic line currents and hybrid couplers proposed by Arai et al. (1990) was realized by a low profile trapezoidal cavity antenna element. However, this element had narrow band width due to the element configuration, and was not suitable for practical use. Therefore we need to develop a wide band beam-switched flat antenna. In this paper, we propose a modified flat array concept and a low profile element for wide band four-beam switched array antenna. The characteristics of the antenna element are evaluated by a cavity resonator model and finite element method (FEM), which are verified by experiments.
Calibration of current transducers at high frequencies

The transfer impedances of current transducers are estimated using a special calibration fixture, which is often assumed to be perfectly matched at its coaxial ports. However, the errors inherent in this approximation increase with frequency, making the measurement of cable currents increasingly inaccurate at higher frequencies. A one-dimensional (1-D) transmission line model is proposed to account for such errors in a calibration fixture of simple design by using additional measurements to quantify the mismatches in the system. This technique is validated using a numerical model of such a calibration fixture as well against experimental data and numerical predictions for the current induced on a wire inside a rectangular cavity due to an external source that is coupled into the interior via an aperture. It is concluded that the proposed approach provides improved results with a calibration fixture of simple design for frequencies up to at least 600 MHz.
Optimum design of active/passive control devices for tall buildings under earthquake excitation

To economically enhance the performance of active/passive control devices for seismic response reduction of tall buildings, this paper investigates the optimal placement and optimal parameter of control devices using the linear quadratic performance index as an objective function. The linear relation between the increment of performance index and the change of the position matrix of control devices is first established based on the assumption that the control gain remains unchanged. The optimal placement of control devices is then determined in terms of the sequence of the calculated performance index increments and the number of control devices to be used. With the control devices at their optimal places, the seismic response of the building is finally computed using the suboptimal control gain derived using the minimum error principle, from which the equivalent optimal parameters of passive devices can be also determined. The applicability of the proposed approach and its limitation are carefully examined through numerical examples. The results from the numerical examples show that the suggested approach is quite accurate and effective in determining the optimal placement and optimal parameter of control devices if the number of removed control devices is limited to a certain range. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance analysis of split-winding doubly salient permanent magnet motor for wide speed operation

In this paper, various flux-weakening techniques available for wide speed operation of the doubly salient permanent magnet (DSPM) motor are reviewed. A new split-winding topology capable of widening the speed range is proposed, which is valid not only for the DSPM motor with stationary PMs, but also for that with rotary PMs. Based on the parameters obtained by finite element analysis, the performance of the proposed DSPM motor is analyzed. The results show that this motor combines the features of wide speed range, high efficiency, simple structure, and low cost.
Theoretical Analysis on the Tribological Properties of HTGR-10 Graphite

The friction contact modals on the friction contact are summarized here. Based on Finite Element Method, the contact pressure on rough surface is calculated. The influence of the worn surface on the distribution of contact pressure is also investigated. According to our experimental result of graphite wear rate, we estimate the wear of graphite pebble used in HTGR-10. It shows that the 80% graphite will wear out in 10 years running time.
A Matching Pursuit-Based Vehicle Wheel Parameter Extraction Method from Micro-Doppler Radar Signal

Micro-Doppler effects of moving vehicles in a radar system are mainly induced by the rotation of wheels, whose features are closely related to the numbers, positions and radiuses of wheels. These parameters of wheels are critical for the vehicle classification and recognition. However, most micro-Doppler features extraction works of vehicles are unable to explicitly extract parameters of wheels. In this paper, a parameter extraction method of vehicle wheels using micro-Doppler features based on the matching pursuit (MP) is proposed. The micro-Doppler signals of wheels are generally weak comparing to redundant echo signals induced by other irrelevant parts of the vehicle, which makes the micro-Doppler features difficult to extract. In this case, several signal atom sets are created according to the motion states of irrelevant parts of vehicle and MP is performed to suppress the redundant signals. After the suppression, micro-Doppler signals induced by wheels have become the major part of the echo signal. Another atom set is generated according to the rotational motion of wheels to perform MP again. Then the wheel parameters, such as the estimated numbers, positions and radiuses, are extracted. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method is feasible in feature extraction of moving vehicle. Besides, the accuracy can be guaranteed when the signal-to-noise ratio is greater than –5 dB.
RFIC antenna switch solutions for GSM dualband telephones

The recent trend towards dual- and tri-band handsets has resulted in the necessity for more complex antenna and TX/RX switching topologies together with far more stringent electrical specifications relating to factors such as harmonic generation. This paper describes how GaAs MMIC antenna switches may be used to provide the TX/RX and antenna diversity configurations. The inherent ability of GaAs MMICs to integrate complex functions into a small area has helped alleviate the severe constraints imposed on the radio designer. Measurements will be presented for a realistic radio implementation together with a discussion on critical specifications. (4 pages)
Amorphous-silicon-based uncooled microbolometer IRFPA

LETI LIR has been involved in Amorphous Silicon uncooled microbolometer development for a few years. This paper reports recent progress that have been carried out both in technological and product field. Due to the very particular features of LETI LIR technology, large fill factor, high thermal insulation, associated with small thermal time constant, can be achieved, resulting in a large detector responsivity. In addition, pulsed bias has been introduced showing performance improvement in terms of power consumption, reliability, faster thermal response. A model has been developed which accounts for these improvements. Electro-thermal results obtained from an IRCMOS 256 X 64, 47 micrometers detector sizes, laboratory prototype show that NETD less than 50 mK at f/1 can be obtained even at a high video scanning rate, that is compatible with micro scanning techniques.
Study of Database Management and Multimedia System Infrastructure for Micro Grid

This paper provides discussion of multimedia system infrastructure and database management for the micro grid. The micro grid is energy system that has power generator with renewable energy resources and load. The micro grid is an ideal power system for using renewable energy resources for isolated area. This paper provides a brief overview of micro grid and discussion of communication system infrastructure and database management for the micro grid. The Energy Management System (EMS) interacts with all subsystems through communication channel and status information like metering data from all subsystems is stored at data base system in the EMS. With this information EMS manages and operates the micro grid. The Powerline communication and ZigBee are one of ideal communication infrastructure for local communication and the cellular network like MiMAX and LTE can be a good choice for the backhaul of the micro grid.
Multistate Outbreak of Salmonella enterica Serovar Heidelberg with Unidentified Source, Australia, 2018–2019

We report a multistate Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg outbreak in Australia during 2018–2019. Laboratory investigation of cases reported across 5 jurisdictions over a 7-month period could not identify a source of infection but detected indicators of severity and invasiveness. The hospitalization rate of 36% suggested a moderately severe clinical picture.
An expert system for predicting the infiltration characteristics

Infiltration plays a fundamental role in streamflow, groundwater recharge, subsurface flow, and surface and subsurface water quality and quantity. This study includes a comparative analysis of the two machine learning techniques; M5P model tree (M5P) and Gene Expression Programming (GEP) in predictions of the infiltration characteristics. The models were trained and tested using the 7 combination (CMB1 – CMB7) of input parameters; moisture content (m), bulk density of soil (D), percentage of the silt (SI), sand (SA) & Clay (C), and time (t), with output parameters; cumulative infiltration (CI) and infiltration rate (IR). Results suggested that GEP has an edge over M5P to predict the IR and CI with R, RMSE & MAE values 0.9343, 15.9667 mm/hr & 8.7676 mm/hr, and 0.9586, 9.2522 mm and 7.7865 mm for IR and CI, respectively with CMB1. Although the M5P model also gave good results with R, RMSE & MAE values 0.9192, 14.1821 mm/hr, & 19.2497 mm/hr, and 0.8987, 11.2144 mm & 18.4328 mm for IR and CI, respectively, but lower than GEP. Furthermore, single-factor ANOVA and uncertainty analysis were used to show the significance of the predicted results and to find the most efficient soft computing techniques respectively.
‘The Ground Beneath My Feet’: Projects, Project Management and the Intensified Control of R&D Engineers

This paper examines the erosion of autonomy among research and development (R&D) engineers in a global information technology company and the ways in which they responded. Over a 14‐year period, we examine the changing regime of control as knowledge workers in this firm are increasingly subjected to increased project and portfolio management interventions. Drawing on extended interviews, we consider the propensity of such knowledge workers to challenge, subvert or else acquiesce to these enhanced control mechanisms. The idea of the project, we argue, plays a critical role in affording meaning and security and informing their responses.
Probabilistic performance assessment of autonomous solar-wind energy conversion systems

This paper describes the development of a general probabilistic model of an autonomous solar-wind energy conversion system (SWECS) composed of several wind turbines (wind farm), several photovoltaic (PV) modules (solar park), and a battery storage feeding a load. The model takes into consideration outages due to the primary energy fluctuations and hardware failure. It allows the simulation of wind farms and solar parks containing either identical or different types of wind turbines and PV modules with the load being fed from either the renewable sources, or the battery storage, or both. A methodology is also presented to determine an upper limit on the size of the battery storage required to satisfy a given load profile taking into consideration the charging/discharging of the batteries.
Allelopathic Effects of Essential Oils on Seed Germination of Barley and Wheat

In this study, we evaluated the allelopathic effects of essential oils (EOs) from six different plant species, namely, lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis), English thyme (Thymus vulgaris), lovage (Levisticum officinale), costmary (Chrysanthemum balsamita), and cumin (Cuminum cyminum), on seed germination and seedling growth of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and wheat (Triticum aestivum). The main constituents of the EOs of L. angustifolia were 47.0% linalool acetate and 28.4% linalool; H. officinalis’ main constituents were 39.8% cis-pinocamphone, 9.8% trans-pinocamphone, 11.4% β-pinene, and 7.5% β-phellandrene; T. vulgaris’ were 38.2% para-cymene, 25.6% thymol, and 13.6% γ-terpinene; L. officinale’s were 64.8% α-terpinyl acetate and 14.7% β-phellandrene; C. balsamita’s were 43.7% camphor, 32.4% trans-thujone, and 11.6% camphene; C. cyminum’s were 49.6% cumin aldehyde, 10.4% para-cymene, 11.6% α-terpinen-7-al, and 9.1% β-pinene. All six EOs exhibited an allelopathic effect and suppressed the seed germination and seedling development of wheat and barley; however, the concentrations that exhibited a suppressing effect were different among the plants. C. cyminum EO completely suppressed both barley and wheat germination at 10-, 30-, and 90-µL application rates, making it the most effective treatment among the tested EOs. C. balsamita’s and H. officinalis’ EOs at 30 and 90 µL application rates completely suppressed barley and wheat radicles per seed, radicle length (mm), seedling height (mm), and germination (%). L. angustifolia’s EOs at 30- and 90-µL and T. vulgaris’ EO at 90 µL application rates also completely suppressed barley and wheat radicles per seed, radicle length (mm), seedling height (mm), and germination (%). C. balsamita’s, H. officinalis’, L. angustifolia’s, and T. vulgaris’ EOs at a 10 µL application rate reduced barley radicle length, seedling height, and % germination relative to the control. Wheat seed germination % was completely suppressed by the application of L. angustifolia’s and T. vulgaris’ EOs at 30 and 90 µL, while T. vulgaris’ EO at 10 µL rate reduced the germination relative to the control. Interestingly, C. balsamita and H. officinalis at 10 µL did not reduce wheat germination; however, they did reduce the number of radicles per seed, radicle length (mm), seedling height (mm), germination (%), and vigor index. Furthermore, L. officinale’s EO reduced the measured indices (radicles per seed, radicle length, seedling height, and vigor index) at the 10, 30, and 90 µL application rates relative to the non-treated control; however, none of the application rates of L. officinale’s EO had a suppression effect on wheat germination. This study demonstrated the allelopathic effects of the EOs of six different herbal plant species on seed germination of barley and winter wheat. The results can be utilized in the development of commercial products for controlling pre-harvest sprouting of wheat and barley. Further research is needed to verify the results under field conditions.
NIST Special Publication 800-94 Guide to Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems (IDPS)

This is a Hard copy of the NIST Special Publication 800-94 Guide to Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems (IDPS). This publication describes the characteristics of IDPS technologies and provides recommendations for designing, implementing, configuring, securing, monitoring, and maintaining them. The types of IDPS technologies are differentiated primarily by the types of events that they monitor and the ways in which they are deployed. This publication discusses the following four types of IDPS technologies: Network-Based, which monitors network traffic for particular network segments or devices and analyzes the network and application protocol activity to identify suspicious activity Wireless, which monitors wireless network traffic and analyzes it to identify suspicious activity involving the wireless networking protocols themselves Network Behavior Analysis (NBA), which examines network traffic to identify threats that generate unusual traffic flows, such as distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks, certain forms of malware, and policy violations (e.g., a client system providing network services to other systems) Host-Based, which monitors the characteristics of a single host and the events occurring within that host for suspicious activity. Implementing the following recommendations should facilitate more efficient and effective intrusion detection and prevention system use for Federal departments and agencies. Disclaimer This hardcopy is not published by National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the US Government or US Department of Commerce. The publication of this document should not in any way imply any relationship or affiliation to the above named organizations and Government.
The role of balanced supplementation in diet of age-related macular degeneration patients

Aim: The aim of the article was to discuss the role of balanced supplementation in diet of age-related macular degeneration patients. Methods: This review was carried out using comprehensive and systematic literature reports on the role of supplementation of vitamin D, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, zinc, lutein, zeaxanthin, omega-3 acid and folic acid in the prevention of AMD. Results: Vitamins, minerals and carotenoids are essential for the proper retinal function over an inflammation and immune response modulation. Conclusions: Vitamins, minerals and carotenoids discussed in the article have anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties in the management of AMD progression. Accordingly, it is relevant to assure the appropriate level of these nutrients in a diet of AMD patients.