Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Open and autonomous. The basis for trust in science

While it is yet too early to assess the exact proportions and repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic, it seems undeniable to me that it does have a historic dimension. There will be many respects in which future historians will divide epochs in a “before” and an “after Corona”. One of those respects in which COVID-19 is a game changer is the role of science in society. Never before has the global reaction to a devastating catastrophe been so crucially dependent on the speed and success of scientific research. Politicians in many countries let it be known that scientific results were essential for their decision making. Science-related news were consistently in the headlines for much of the year 2020, at times even outshining reports on the acrimonious fight for the US presidency. At the Council for Sciences and Humanities (Wissenschaftsrat), we have immediately begun to ask ourselves what this new level of attention, and the pressure which it exerts on a number of scientific fields, mean for science as a system. At first sight, this might seem an almost frivolous question to ask. Is this not a Kennedy moment, a moment best captured in the famous quote from John F. Kennedy’s inaugural address: “Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country. ” And indeed, in asking what the pandemic means for science, at the Council we are not asking whether it is good or bad for science; we are asking what it tells us about science. As has been noted by many people before, the health crisis and its social and economic repercussions have had such an enormous impact on virtually every part of our social and economic systems that we can consider it a kind of natural experiment. The year 2020 laid bare strengths and weaknesses of our societies. And it also laid bare strengths and weaknesses of our system of science, which became visible as if viewed under a magnifying glass. We should not miss the opportunity to learn from that. Not all of us are involved in the immediate response to the crisis. Those of us who are not should pay close attention. We should prepare for a speedy recovery, and we should start thinking about how we can improve the system. For many of the weaknesses and defects that became visible during the pandemic are not easily mended, but will take years of hard work to repair, reconstruct, and redesign. As an advisory body that assists the federal government and state governments in Germany with reports and recommendations on the organisation and funding of research
Spatio -Temporal Assessments of Rainfall Variability and Trends in the Highlands to Coastal Regions of Papua New Guinea

The present study assesses spatio-temporal rainfall variability of the most highlands to the coastal zones, comprising of eight provinces, of PNG. The variability investigation was carried out over for a period of 50 years starting from the year 1968 to 2018. After testing and checking for serial autocorrelation in the data series, Mann-Kendal non-parametric statistical evaluation was carried out to investigate rainfall trends and variability. Sen’s method was also used to investigate the magnitude of change in millimeters (mm) per year. Furthermore, the ArcGIS spatial analysis tools were used for the calculation of mean rainfall and to carry out spatial investigation. The assessments were carried out on an annual and seasonal basis within each designated study zone. CRU TS 4.03 gridded rainfall data on a 0.50 x 0.50 spatial resolution was used as an input data for trend as well as variability investigation. The CRU gridded station wise analysis was carried out to understand the variability at each specific location. From the assessments, it was found out that a higher rainfall is observed in the Eastern parts of Morobe, Southern Highlands region and central to northern part of Madang Province, while a low rainfall was observed in Goroka, the Western part of Morobe, Simbu, Western Highlands, Jiwaka and Enga province. From the trend investigation, it was observed that more grid stations show an increasing trend than a decreasing trend. On annual assessments, the significant decreasing trend is observed in the Enga and SH province, while significantly increasing trend is observed in the whole parts of Madang, and to the northern part of EH and Simbu Province. From overall assessments, it was found out that, there has been an increasing trend since 1968 up to the present.
The possible protective role of chromium chloride against sodium fluoride-induced changes in the structure of the cerebellar cortex of the adult male albino rat

Introduction Fluoride is a mineral that occurs naturally in many types of food and in water. Excessive amounts of fluoride may induce central nervous system degeneration. Chromium has generated interest among researchers for its possible antioxidant effect. Aim of the work This study was carried out to investigate the effect of sodium fluoride (NaF) on the structure of the cerebellar cortex of adult male albino rats. The possible protective effect of chromium chloride (CrCl) was also investigated. Materials and methods Twenty-five adult male albino rats were used in this study. They were divided randomly into four groups: group I (the control group); group II (the chromium group), which received CrCl (300 &mgr;g/kg/day for 2 months); group III (the fluoride group), which received NaF orally (12 mg/kg/day) for 2 months; and group IV (the fluoride+chromium group), which received both NaF (12 mg/kg/day) and CrCl (300 &mgr;g/kg/day) for 2 months. At the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed. Their cerebella were dissected out and processed for light microscopic studies, transmission electron microscopic studies, morphometric studies, and for statistical analysis. Results In the fluoride-treated group, Purkinje cells were the most affected. They showed degenerative changes and an irregular distribution. They had an irregular outline, ill-defined nuclei, and margination of Nissl’s granules. Ultrastructurally, Purkinje cells showed hyperchromatic nuclei. Their cytoplasms showed autophagosomes, multivesicular bodies, and degenerated mitochondria. Moreover, an apparent increase in nerve cell processes containing neurofibrils was evident in the molecular layer. Significantly increased glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity in glial cell processes was also evident. Chromium produced only partial restoration of the normal histological architecture of the cerebellar cortex. Conclusion Administration of NaF in rats induces degenerative and ultrastructural changes in the cerebellar cortex. Coadministration of CrCl with NaF partially protects against NaF.
Effects of Microencapsulated Organic Acid and Their Salts on Growth Performance, Immunity, and Disease Resistance of Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

Use of antibiotics and other chemicals to combat disease outbreaks have been a bottleneck for the sustainable growth of shrimp industry. Among various replacement proposed, organic acid (OA) and their salts (OS) are commonly used by farmers and feed millers. However, in free forms, their requirement is very high (2-3 kg/MT) as they tend to disassociate before reaching the hindgut. The dosage can be reduced by microencapsulation of the ingredients. In this study, a 63-day trial was conducted to assess the effects of OA and OS (COMP) microencapsulated (ENCAP) with fat (HF), fat + alginate (HA), wax esters – (WE), and HA and WE (HAWE) on performance, digestive enzyme, immune, and resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus. A positive control (PC, 200 g/kg fishmeal - FM) and a negative control (NC, 130 g/kg FM) diet were formulated. Eight other diets were formulated supplementing NC diet with microencapsulated OA (OAHF, OAHA, OAWE, OAHAWE) and OS (OSHF, OSHA, OSWE, OSHAWE). Among the ENCAPs, significant difference was observed in serum malondialdehyde (P = 0.026) where HF showed the lowest level (6.4 ±0.3 mmol/L). Significant interactions between COMP and ENCAP were observed in lipid deposition (P = 0.047), serum alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase (P < 0.0001), and hepatopancreatic and serum phenol oxidase (P < 0.0001). Despite no differences, 96-h mortality during pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge in all treatment diets (45% - 56%) was lower compared to the NC diets (63%). In conclusion, use of HF microencapsulated OA diets could provide improved performance and disease resistance that could contribute to the reduction of antibiotic use by the shrimp industry.
Diurnal vertical movements in black sea bass (
 Centropristis striata
 ): Endogenous, facultative, or something else?

Fishes commonly exhibit diel rhythms in movements with consequences to feeding, reproduction, predator evasion, and resting. Such behaviors are conceived as plastic, persisting for phases (days to weeks), and then becoming disrupted, masked, and altered by changed environmental or ecological conditions. In telemetered black sea bass Centropristis striata (family Serranidae), we documented a remarkable 4-month record of persistent diurnal vertical movements. Within the U.S. Mid-Atlantic Bight June – October 2019 setting, biotelemetry data of 31 ﬁ sh were examined through time series analysis and generalized additive modeling. Sun altitude played a dominant role throughout the series, where movements were diurnal. Thermal conditions were uniform until a September hurricane caused a 10 ° C rise in inhabited waters within the span of six hours, the result of water column mixing. This and other storms caused short-term disruptions ( < 2 d) to diel rhythmicity. Daytime vessel traf ﬁ c, but not dolphin presence, caused ≤ 1 h refuge-seeking excursions. The discovery of pelagic behaviors (up to 15 m off the seabed) requires revision to the species ’ natural history, which was previously conceived as exclusively demersal. Spring-autumn movement functions included reef recruitment and evacuation, courtship and spawning, and seasonal changes in feeding ecology and predator ﬁ elds. Throughout these phases, the cycle of daytime movement and nighttime inactivity persisted. We hypothesize that during the nocturnal period these visual specialists become immobile and thus evade predation and mobilize energy toward growth, reproduction, and stor-age. Because this function does not change from spring through autumn, we speculate that nocturnal qui-escence serves as the proximate control for the diurnal activity cycle.
Prostatic Inflammation in Prostate Cancer: Protective Effect or Risk Factor?

The relationship between prostatic chronic inflammation (PCI) and prostate cancer (PCa) is unclear and controversial. Some authors reported that a history of chronic prostatitis may be correlated with PCa induction, while others associate chronic inflammation with less aggressive disease or consider inflammation as a possible protective factor against PCa. Four different types of prostatitis are known: bacterial acute prostatic inflammation, bacterial chronic prostatic inflammation, abacterial prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome, and asymptomatic prostatic chronic inflammation. Prostatic inflammation is underestimated during daily clinical practice, and its presence and degree often go unmentioned in the pathology report of prostate biopsies. The goal of this report is to further our understanding of how PCI influences the biology of PCa. We investigated the main pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for prostatic inflammation, including the cellular response and inflammatory mediators to describe how inflammation modifies the prostatic environment and can lead to benign or malignant prostatic diseases. We found that prostatic inflammation might have a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of prostatic diseases. Details about PCI in all prostate biopsy reports should be mandatory. This will help us better understand the prostatic microenvironment pathways involved in PCa biology, and it will allow the development of specific risk stratification and a patient-tailored therapeutic approach to prostatic diseases.
Hierarchical Multi-View Graph Pooling With Structure Learning

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), whch generalize deep neural networks to graph-structured data, have drawn considerable attention and achieved state-of-the-art performance in numerous graph related tasks. However, existing GNN models mainly focus on designing graph convolution operations. The graph pooling (or downsampling) operations, that play an important role in learning hierarchical representations, are usually overlooked. In this paper, we proposed a novel multi-view graph pooling operator dubbed as MVPool, which ranks nodes across different views with different contextual graph information. Meanwhile, attention mechanism is utilized to promote the collaboration of different views for generating robust node rankings. Then the pooling operation adaptively selects a subset of nodes to form an induced subgraph based on the ranking list. To preserve the underlying graph topological information, we further introduce a structure learning mechanism to learn a refined graph structure for the pooled graph at each layer. The proposed MVPool operator is a general strategy that can be integrated into various graph neural network architectures, including GCN, GAT and GraphSAGE, etc. By combining MVPool operator with graph neural networks, we perform hierarchical representation learning for both node and graph level classification as well as clustering tasks. Experimental results on thirteen widely used transductive and inductive benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed model.
Dynamical Controls for Improving Quantum Search Algorithm Through Flux Qubits System

A new technique was developed to generate the dynamical quantum gates, depend on the ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism phenomena in the superconducting flux qubits system at the same interaction time. According to the dynamical controls techniques of such gates, we invoke and synthesize a new algorithm called the dynamical quantum search algorithm. The Grover algorithm was obtained at a specified time for the current algorithm. This algorithm was distinguished by accuracy in obtaining high probability of finding any marked state in a shorter time compared with Grover algorithm time. The algorithm performance was improved with respect to different values of the dynamical controls.
Multiple Cooperative Task Allocation in Group-Oriented Social Mobile Crowdsensing

Mobile crowdsensing, a new paradigm, has drawn much attention from the online community, in which mobile users are connected by using smartphones with sharing of information via mobile social networks. Multiple cooperative task allocation (MCTA) is a crucial problem in mobile crowdsensing, where each task requires more than one user to cooperatively complete. As more and more users join sensing tasks in groups, it is indispensable to develop a group-oriented crowdsensing mechanism supporting MCTA. However, existing studies generally focus on a group that can provide sufficient users to accomplish a task. Once these groups no longer exist, the corresponding task will be discarded or be performed with compromised quality. In this article, we propose a novel three-phase approach named Group-oriented Cooperative Crowdsensing (GoCC) to tackle the MCTA problem in social mobile crowdsensing. This approach exploits real-life relationships in the social network to form compatible groups, which improves the task coverage via group-oriented cooperation while achieving good task cooperation quality. Specifically, phase 1 selects a subset of users on the social network as initial leaders and directly pushes sensing tasks to them. Phase 2 utilizes the leaders to search for their socially connected users to model groups. Phase 3 presents the process of group-oriented task allocation for solving the MCTA problem. Experiments on the real-world dataset validate that our approach significantly outperforms the representative approaches.
MONITORING OF THE ELDERLY CHOLESTEROL LEVELS OF SUMBERSONO VILLAGE, MOJOKERTO REGENCY, EAST JAVA PROVINCE, INDONESIA

Parties who become partners in community service activities are the village community of Sumbersono, Mojokerto Regency. Based on the 2017 health profile in Mojokerto District, there are 117,309 elderly people. The Mojokerto district government has a health program for the elderly, namely the Elderly Health Service (Usila). Usila is a health service according to the standards in the elderly guidelines in a health facility in one work area and time period. Examination of the elderly programmed by the Mojokerto district government has been carried out at the Puskesmas that serves the elderly, but the elderly need more routine checks to monitor cholesterol levels. Another thing that is a problem is the relatively expensive cholesterol examination so that there are limitations in the self-examination by the community. Cholesterol examination methods for community service were using POCT and interviews related to health complaints from community service participants. There were 44 community service participants, not only from the elderly but from middle age. Of the 27 elderly, 10 elderly have normal cholesterol levels while 17 elderly have high and very high of cholesterol levels. Of the 17 middle age participants, 7 of them had normal cholesterol levels and 10 people had high and very high cholesterol levels. The interviews showed that almost all participants had health complaints that resembled complaints due to high cholesterol level. It is recommended to perform other health examination and not be limited to the elderly.
Organizational Innovation in Knowledge Intensive Business Services: The role of Networks, Culture and Resources for Innovation

Among the service sector firms, knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) are highly innovative. Traditionally, innovation has looked from a product or process innovation point of view. However, companies may also innovate in terms of their administrative processes and organizational structures, and this is referred to as Organizational Innovation (OI). Organizations have network relationships with their Customers (NC), Suppliers (NS), Select Competitors (NCOM) and Investors (NI). These networks are important sources of knowledge, technology and resources. Furthermore, the Culture for Innovation (CI) and Resources for Innovation (RI) within a firm needs to be considered. The study evaluates the role of NC, NS, NCOM, NI, CI and RI on OI. A cross-sectional survey of middle- to senior-level executives in KIBS firms in India was carried out, and it was found that CI and NI have a positive effect on OI, while NC has a moderately positive effect on OI. A culture for innovation in KIBS firms stimulates innovation. Strategic investors are able to bring knowledge from the outside world and thus play an important role in OI. Similarly, client relationships may foster OI as administrative processes, and organizational structures need to be aligned to the needs of the clients.
Critical parameters for the robust stabilization of the inverted pendulum with reaction delay: State feedback versus predictor feedback

The critical length that limits stabilizability for delayed proportional‐derivative‐acceleration (PDA) feedback and for predictor feedback (PF) is analyzed for the inverted pendulum paradigm. The aim of this work is to improve the understanding of human balancing tasks such as stick balancing on the fingertip, which can be modeled as a pendulum cart system. The relation between the critical length of the balanced stick and the reaction time delay in the presence of sensory uncertainties, which are modeled as static parameter perturbations in the control gains, is investigated rigorously. Robust stabilizability analysis is performed using the real structured stability radius. Performance is assessed by the length of the shortest pendulum (critical length) that can still be balanced for a fixed reaction delay. For both PDA feedback and PF control with delay mismatch, it is observed that the relation between the critical length and the reaction delay remains quadratic in the presence of perturbations on the control gains (of fixed size). Numerical comparison shows that predictor feedback is superior over PDA feedback in terms of critical length: shorter pendulum can be balanced by PF than by PDA feedback for the same reaction delay and for the same static parameter perturbation. Furthermore, it is found that both control concepts are more sensitive to the change in the feedback delay than on the same relative change in the parameter uncertainties. Interpretation to human balancing suggests that it is more challenging for the nervous system to cope with reaction delay than with sensory uncertainties.
Performance Analysis of Two-Hop mmWave Relay Nodes over the 5G NR Uplink Signal

In this paper, the uplink in a two-hop 5G new radio co-operative system using Relay Nodes (RNs) in millimeter bands has been simulated and studied. We focus on an uplink Amplify-and-Forward Relay Node (A&F RN) and Decode-and-Forward Relay Node (D&F RN) with an mmWave-band transceiver chain (Tx/Rx). We study two uplink mmWave MIMO D&F relaying protocols assuming, firstly, the complete knowledge of the uplink channel and, secondly, the uplink channel estimation through a Least Square (LS) algorithm. To verify the benefits of the proposed uplink mmWave MIMO co-operative network, a link-level co-operative simulator has been developed using MatlabTM and SimulinkTM software, where an indoor-to-outdoor scenario and mmWave transceiver with off-the shelf components are considered. The main novelty of this link-level co-operative simulator and the implemented relay nodes is the usage of signals with 5G NR features, such as UL-SCH transport channel coding and PUSCH generation, which are the other main contributions of this article. Based on the numerical results in terms of the achievable Bit Error Rate (BER) and throughput, we show that the two-hop uplink co-operative network substantially improves the performance in the communications between the NR-User Equipment (NR-UE) and the logical 5G Radio Node (gNodeB). For example, the results from using uplink mmWave NR-D&F protocols far exceed those achieved with the uplink mmWave NR-A&F algorithm; in the case of the 64-QAM modulation scheme for the SISO technique, an improvement of 6.5 Mbps was achieved using the D&F PCE protocol, taking into account that the 256-QAM constellation is higher by 4.05 Mbps. On the other hand, an average throughput enhancement of 28.77 Mbps was achieved when an uplink mmWave (2 × 4 × 4) D&F PCE strategy was used versus an uplink mmWave SISO D&F LS protocol for a Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) = 20 dB and 64-QAM signal. However, an improvement of 56.42 Mbps was reached when a 256-QAM modulation scheme was employed. Furthermore, this paper introduces the first study to develop an uplink mmWave MIMO 5G co-operative network platform through a Software Defined Radio (SDR) from a practical implementation point of view.