Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Combination diagnosis with elastography strain ratio and molecular markers effectively improves the diagnosis rate of small breast cancer and lymph node metastasis.

Background To evaluate the strain ratio (SR) combined with molecular pathological and serum markers for the diagnosis of breast masses. Methods SR and 7-point scale elasticity scores were used with real-time tissue elastography and 2-dimensional color-Doppler ultrasound (US) to diagnose breast lesions in 311 hospitalized patients. Immunohistochemical staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were used to examine pathological and serum tumor markers and their correlations with SR findings. Results SR had a higher diagnostic value compared to the 7-point scale elasticity score, displaying an obvious low-to-high distribution from benign to malignant lesions with an optimal cutoff point at 3.88, which yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.896 with 89.1% sensitivity, 85.6% specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 91.0% and 82.8%, respectively. The differences of SR values between small (≤1.5 cm), large (>3 cm) (P=0.010), and moderate (>1.5 cm and ≤3 cm) sizes (P=0.038) in distinguishing benign from malignant breast masses were statistically significant, with SR being most specific and sensitive for diagnosing small lesions. Expression of 3 molecular pathological indicators (p75NTR, p63, and CK5/6), and 5 serum mastocarcinoma markers (uPA, PAI-I, CA27-29, CEA, and CA15-3) showed statistical significance (P<0.05) in distinguishing between benign and malignant breast lesions. Furthermore, SR combined with CA15-3 and CK5/6 positivity showed 94.2% sensitivity and 89.2% specificity as combined markers for triple-negative (TN) breast cancer, whereas SR combined with D2-40 and CK19 were good diagnostic markers for breast cancer lymph node metastasis. Conclusions SR, together with a molecular and serological marker, may serve as an additional tool for the diagnosis of small breast cancer tumors.
Abstract TP12: Distribution and Incidence of Fast versus Slow Progressors of Infarct Growth in Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke

Background and Purpose: Fast and slow progressors of infarct growth due to a large vessel occlusion (LVO) are commonly observed when patients are considered for acute endovascular therapy. However, the incidence of these clinical phenotypes has not been formally quantified. We aimed to measure the frequency and distribution of fast versus slow infarct growth in LVO patients in different time strata after stroke onset. Methods: Retrospective study of consecutive patients with acute LVO admitted to our comprehensive stroke center. Inclusion criteria were: 1. CTA or MRA evidence of intracranial ICA and/or MCA(M1) occlusion, with or without extracranial ICA occlusion. 2. Baseline CTP or MRI DWI before reperfusion therapy and within 25 hours of time of last seen well/stroke onset. Automated core volume measurements were performed using RAPID software (iSchemaView). Fast progressors were defined as having core volumes > 70 cc at early time quantiles (0 - 8 hours). Slow progressors were defined as having core vo.
Gyro Bias Estimation with Quasi-Static Magnetic Field in Foot-Mounted Pedestrian Dead Reckoning

In this paper, the quasi-static magnetic field (QSF) aided gyro bias estimation method with zero angular rate recognition is proposed. The integration approach (IA)-based PDR system is a method of estimating the user's position using an inertial sensor attached to a shoe. Since the structure is similar to that of INS, accurate gyro bias estimation is required to reduce the error. A reliable way to estimate the gyro bias is to average the signal at the initial standstill period. However, when it is necessary to operate the system in an emergency situation such as a first agent, it is not appropriate to maintain a long stop before mission for estimating gyro bias. QSF is a method of estimating the gyro bias even in walking, not at rest, using local magnetic vectors. However, the QSF detector only considers that the rate of the magnetic vector does not change. It may cause an error in the gyro bias. In order to improve the estimation performance, this paper proposed a detection method that considers the zero angular rate. The zero angular rate is detected by comparing the current gyro signal with gyro signal during the initial short stop period, and combined with the QSF detector. If this detector is taken into account, more accurate estimation is possible in gyro bias. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method improves the estimation performance even under walking conditions.
Distributed Deadline and Renewable Aware Electric Vehicle Demand Response in the Smart Grid

Demand response is an important feature and functionality of the future smart grid. Electric vehicles are recognized as a particularly promising resource for demand response given their high charging demand and flexibility in demand management. Recently, researchers begun to apply market-based solutions to electric vehicle demand response. A clear vision, however, remains elusive because existing works overlook three key issues. (i) The hierarchy among electric vehicles (EVs), charging stations, and electric power companies (EPCs). Previous works assume direct interaction between EVs and EPCs and thus confine to single-level market designs. The designed mechanisms are inapplicable here due to ignoring the role of charging stations in the hierarchy. (ii) Temporal aspects of charging loads. Solely focusing on economic aspects makes significant demand reduction, but electric vehicles would end up with little allocated power due to overlooking their temporal constraints. (iii) Renewable generation co-located with charging stations. Market mechanisms that overlook the uncertainty of renewable would cause much inefficiency in terms of both the economic and temporal aspects. To address these issues, we study a new demand response scheme, i.e, hierarchical demand response for electric vehicles via charging stations. We propose that two-level marketing is suitable to this hierarchical scheme, and design a distributed market mechanism that is compatible with both the economic and temporal aspects of electric vehicle demand response. The market mechanism has a hierarchical decision-making structure by which the charging station leads the market and electric vehicles follow and respond to its actions. An appealing feature of the mechanism is the provable convergence to a unique equilibrium solution. At the equilibrium, neither the charging station or electric vehicles can improve their individual economic and/or temporal performance by changing their own strategies. Furthermore, we present a stochastic optimization based algorithm to optimize economic performance for the charging station at the equilibrium, given the predictions of the co-located renewable generation. The algorithm has provable robust performance guarantee in terms of the variance of the prediction errors. We finally evaluate the designed mechanism via detailed simulations. The results show the efficacy and validate the theoretical analysis for the mechanism.
OECD PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH: MEDIUM-TERM TRENDS

Introduction . 112 I. Productivity performance over the medium term . 113 A. Aggregate trend developments and cross-country differences . 113 1. Basic data and results. 113 2. Assessing recent performance . 11 8 3. Comparison of productivity levels . 1 19 4. Qualifications to the basic data . 122 5. Other measurement issues . 123 B. Comparison with other studies . 124
Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Case 8-2009. A 36-year-old woman with headache, hypertension, and seizure 2 weeks post partum.

Dr. W. Taylor Kimberly: A 36-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of headaches, hypertension, and seizures. Nineteen days before the current admission, she delivered healthy twins at 35.6 weeks of gestation by cesarean section (for breech presentation) at another hospital. She was discharged on the fifth day. Nine days before the current admission, she began to have intermittent, throbbing, bifrontal headaches, and 2 days later she saw her gynecologist. She rated the pain as 8 (on a scale of 0 to 10, with 10 being the most severe pain). The blood pressure was 150/72 mm Hg. She was referred to an internist the same day, but she did not see the internist because the headache resolved while she was in the waiting room, and she returned home. Headache recurred that evening, and she went to the emergency department of a second hospital, where the blood pressure was 190/80 mm Hg. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and the results of laboratory tests were reportedly normal. Oxycodone–acetaminophen was given for pain; the blood pressure decreased to 168/70 mm Hg, and she was sent home. Four days before admission, the patient saw the internist. She reported that the headaches were sudden in onset and were usually worse in the early morning, when they awakened her from sleep, and in the late afternoon. She described her current headache as dull and rated the severity of the pain as 2 out of 10. The blood pressure was 142/78 mm Hg; trace peripheral edema was present. The remainder of the examination was normal. Furosemide and potassium chloride were prescribed. Two days before admission, a severe headache (10 out of 10 in severity) occurred, with nausea and photophobia. The patient returned to the emergency room of the second hospital; the blood pressure was 204/96 mm Hg. The hematocrit was 34.7%; the results of the remainder of the complete blood count were normal, as were the results of other laboratory tests, including measurements of serum electrolytes, magnesium, calcium, and phosphorus and tests of renal and liver function. A urinalysis revealed that the specific gravity was 1.020, the pH 6.0, and the Case 8-2009: A 36-Year-Old Woman with Headache, Hypertension, and Seizure 2 Weeks Post Partum
A novel inflammation-based prognostic index for patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: neutrophil lymphocyte ratio/albumin ratio

Background We initially proposed a novel inflammation-based prognostic index, named neutrophil lymphocyte ratio/albumin ratio (NLR/Alb), for predicting the postoperative survival in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Materials and methods A retrospective study of 329 cases with resectable ESCC was included. The optimal cut-off values were evaluated by X-tile program. The 5-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) was calculated by Kaplan–Meier method. Cox regression analyses were performed to evaluate the prognostic factors. Results The optimal cut-off value was 0.1 for NLR/Alb according to the X-tile program. There was a significantly better 5-year CSS in patients with NLR/Alb ≤ 0.1 than patients with NLR/Alb > 0.1 (39.1% vs. 11.0%, P < 0.001). According to multivariate analyses, NLR/Alb (P = 0.001) was an independent prognostic factor. Conclusions The NLR/Alb is a novel and usefull predictive factor in patients with ESCC.
A unified model of flames as gasdynamic discontinuities

Viewed on a hydrodynamic scale, flames in experiments are often thin so that they may be described as gasdynamic discontinuities separating the dense cold fresh mixture from the light hot burned products. The original model of a flame as a gasdynamic discontinuity was due to Darrieus and to Landau. In addition to the fluid dynamical equations, the model consists of a flame speed relation describing the evolution of the discontinuity surface, and jump conditions across the surface which relate the fluid variables on the two sides of the surface. The Darrieus–Landau model predicts, in contrast to observations, that a uniformly propagating planar flame is absolutely unstable and that the strength of the instability grows with increasing perturbation wavenumber so that there is no high-wavenumber cutoff of the instability. The model was modified by Markstein to exhibit a high-wavenumber cutoff if a phenomenological constant in the model has an appropriate sign. Both models are postulated, rather than derived from first principles, and both ignore the flame structure, which depends on chemical kinetics and transport processes within the flame. At present, there are two models which have been derived, rather than postulated, and which are valid in two non-overlapping regions of parameter space. Sivashinsky derived a generalization of the Darrieus–Landau model which is valid for Lewis numbers (ratio of thermal diffusivity to mass diffusivity of the deficient reaction component) bounded away from unity. Matalon & Matkowsky derived a model valid for Lewis numbers close to unity. Each model has its own advantages and disadvantages. Under appropriate conditions the Matalon–Matkowsky model exhibits a high-wavenumber cutoff of the Darrieus–Landau instability. However, since the Lewis numbers considered lie too close to unity, the Matalon–Matkowsky model does not capture the pulsating instability. The Sivashinsky model does capture the pulsating instability, but does not exhibit its high-wavenumber cutoff. In this paper, we derive a model consisting of a new flame speed relation and new jump conditions, which is valid for arbitrary Lewis numbers. It captures the pulsating instability and exhibits the high-wavenumber cutoff of all instabilities. The flame speed relation includes the effect of short wavelengths, not previously considered, which leads to stabilizing transverse surface diffusion terms.
The histological diagnosis of clinically documented cases of cryptogenic organizing pneumonia: diagnostic features in transbronchial biopsies

Eleven cases of clinically diagnosed cryptogenic organizing pneumonia were examined in order to establish the histological features found at transbronchial biopsy and to correlate this with open lung biopsy which followed in six cases. The essential pathological feature was the presence of buds of granulation tissue (Masson bodies) indicating organization of a persistent exudate by fibroblasts and capillaries within alveoli, with preservation of the alveolar architecture. In addition, both acute and chronic inflammatory cells were present in the interstitium. These features, combined with the clinical history, were sufficient for a diagnosis in seven of the 11 cases on transbronchial biopsies. Four biopsies lacked these features. Patients proceeded to open lung biopsy in addition to the two with histological features of cryptogenic organizing pneumonia on transbronchial biopsy, but where the clinician wanted to eliminate other pathology because of rapid clinical deterioration. Five of the six cases coming to open lung biopsy confirmed cryptogenic organizing pneumonia with Masson bodies within alveoli, but changes were focal in three with very few Masson bodies in one. One case which had the features on transbronchial biopsy lacked them in the open lung biopsy. Transbronchial biopsy, therefore, can yield diagnostic material in the majority of patients with cryptogenic organizing pneumonia while open lung biopsy, which is considered the gold standard for interstitial lung disease, may yield negative results because of sampling error and the rapid evolution and changing pattern of the disease.
Chronic Tension Type Headache and the Impact of Myofascial Trigger Point Release in the Short Term Relief of Headache

Purpose: This study investigated the effect of myofascial release in relieving the symptoms of Chronic TensionType Headache (CTTH) Methods: The study used a convenience sampling pretest-post test design. 31 people (7men and 24 women, age range 18-58 years, mean age 32 years) with CTTH participated in the study. The headachesample was screened for MTrP in the cranial and pericranial muscles and was treated with myofascial releasetherapy. The outcomes were measured in terms of the number of headache days in a week and the headache painlevel measured in visual analog scale (VAS). Analysis: The analysis was done using paired ‘t’ test at 95%confidence interval Results: The study showed significant improvements in reduction of the number of headachedays (p < 0.001) and the headache pain level (p < 0.001) following treatment. Conclusion and Implications:Myofascial release therapy to the trigger points in people with CTTH has a positive influence in decreasing painintensity and frequency in CTTH sufferers. In future, during management of CTTH screening for myofascialtrigger points and concomitant treatment using myofascial release could be considered.
Music therapy improves symptoms in adults hospitalised with schizophrenia

Talwar N, Crawford MJ, Maratos A, et al. Music therapy for in-patients with schizophrenia: exploratory randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry 2006;189:405–9.
Financial Performance of Hospitals in the Mississippi Delta Region Under the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program and Hospital Value-based Purchasing Program

Background: Previous studies showed that the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program (HRRP) and the Hospital Value-based Purchasing Program (HVBP) disproportionately penalized hospitals caring for the poor. The Mississippi Delta Region (Delta Region) is among the most socioeconomically disadvantaged areas in the United States. The financial performance of hospitals in the Delta Region under both HRRP and HVBP remains unclear. Objective: To compare the differences in financial performance under both HRRP and HVBP between hospitals in the Delta Region (Delta hospitals) and others in the nation (non-Delta hospitals). Research Design: We used a 7-year panel dataset and applied difference-in-difference models to examine operating and total margin between Delta and non-Delta hospitals in 3 time periods: preperiod (2008–2010); postperiod 1 (2011–2012); and postperiod 2 (2013–2014). Results: The Delta hospitals had a 0.89% and 4.24% reduction in operating margin in postperiods 1 and 2, respectively, whereas the non-Delta hospitals had 1.13% and 1% increases in operating margin in postperiods 1 and 2, respectively. The disparity in total margins also widened as Delta hospitals had a 1.98% increase in postperiod 1, but a 0.30% reduction in postperiod 2, whereas non-Delta hospitals had 1.27% and 2.28% increases in postperiods 1 and 2, respectively. Conclusions: The gap in financial performance between Delta and non-Delta hospitals widened following the implementation of HRRP and HVBP. Policy makers should modify these 2 programs to ensure that resources are not moved from the communities that need them most.
RECURRENCE AND NON-UNIFORMITY OF BRACKET POLYNOMIALS

In his celebrated proof of Szemerédi’s theorem that a set of integers of positive density contains arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions, W. T. Gowers introduced a certain sequence of norms ‖ · ‖U 2[N ] ≤ ‖ · ‖U 3[N ] ≤ . on the space of complex-valued functions on the set [N ]. An important question regarding these norms concerns for which functions they are ‘large’ in a certain sense. This question has been answered fairly completely by B. Green, T. Tao and T. Ziegler in terms of certain algebraic functions called nilsequences. In this work we show that more explicit functions called bracket polynomials have ‘large’ Gowers norm. Specifically, for a fairly large class of bracket polynomials, called constant-free bracket polynomials, we show that if φ is a bracket polynomial of degree k −1 on [N ] then the function f : n 7→ e(φ(n)) has Gowers U k [N ]-norm uniformly bounded away from zero. We establish this result by first reducing it to a certain recurrence property of sets of constant-free bracket polynomials. Specifically, we show that if θ1, . ,θr are constant-free bracket polynomials then their values, modulo 1, are all close to zero on at least some constant proportion of the points 1, . , N . The proof of this statement relies on two deep results from the literature. The first is work of V. Bergelson and A. Leibman showing that an arbitrary bracket polynomial can be expressed in terms of a so-called polynomial sequence on a nilmanifold. The second is a theorem of B. Green and T. Tao describing the quantitative distribution properties of such polynomial sequences. In the special cases of the bracket polynomials φk−1(n) = αk−1n{αk−2n{. {α1n} . }}, with k ≤ 5, we give elementary alternative proofs of the fact that ‖φk−1‖U k [N ] is ‘large’, without reference to nilmanifolds. Here we write {x} for the fractional part of x, chosen to lie in (−1/2,1/2].
Fears, coping and perceived efficacy of coping mechanisms among South African children living in children's homes

Background: The present study examined common childhood fears, coping strategies and perceived efficacy of coping mechanisms among 8- to 13-year-old South African children (n = 141) living in four children's homes. Method: Fears were assessed by means of the Fear List Method (FLM) and the Fear Survey Schedule for Children Revised (FSSC-R). For both measures, the content and number of fears were determined. The FSSC-R was also used to establish the levels of fearfulness, as well as the pattern of fears. Coping strategies and the perceived efficacy of these strategies were assessed by means of open-ended questions. Results: The rank orders of fears as obtained with the FLM were quite different from those derived from the FSSC-R. Girls expressed more fears as well as higher levels of fears than boys. Secondary coping strategies (i.e. seeking social and/or spiritual support) were most often engaged in and were also perceived as most effective. Conclusions: A greater sensitivity to the emotional needs, especially with regard to fears, coping and perceived efficacy, of special populations is recommended.
SERUM GALECTIN-4 (GAL-4) IN PATIENTS WITH GASTRIC ADENOCARCINOMA: ACTIVE PLAYER IN THE FIELD.

Ahmed Hamouda Arnaout 1 and Lamya Mahmoud Ibrahim 2 . 1. Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt. 2. Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History
Some problems and algorithms related to the weight order relation on the n-dimensional Boolean cube

The problem “Given a Boolean function [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] variables by its truth table vector. Find (if exists) a vector [Formula: see text] of maximal (or minimal) weight, such that [Formula: see text]. ” is considered here. It is closely related to the problem of computing the algebraic degree of Boolean functions which is an important cryptographic parameter. To solve this problem efficiently, we explore the orders of the vectors of the [Formula: see text]-dimensional Boolean cube [Formula: see text] according to their weights. The notion of “[Formula: see text]th layer” of [Formula: see text] is involved in the definition and examination of the “weight order” relation. It is compared with the known relation “precedes”. Several enumeration problems concerning these relations are solved and the relevant notes were added to three sequences in the on-line encyclopedia of integer sequences (OEIS). One special weight order is defined and examined in detail. In it, the lexicographic order is a second criterion for an ordinance of the vectors of equal weights. So a total order called weight-lexicographic order (WLO) is obtained. Two algorithms for generating the WLO sequence and two algorithms for generating the characteristic vectors of the layers are proposed. The results obtained by them were used in creating two new sequences: A294648 and A305860 in the OEIS. Two algorithms for solving the problem considered are developed — the first one works in a byte-wise manner and uses the WLO sequence, and the second one works in a bitwise manner and uses the characteristic vector as masks. The experimental results from numerous tests confirm the efficiency of these algorithms. Other applications of the obtained algorithms are also discussed — when representing, generating and ranking other combinatorial objects.