Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distributed Linear Filtering and Prediction of Time-varying Random Fields

We study distributed estimation of dynamic random fields observed by a sparsely connected network of agents/sensors. The sensors are inexpensive, low power, and they communicate locally and perform computation tasks. In the era of large-scale systems and big data, distributed estimators, yielding robust and reliable field estimates, are capable of significantly reducing the large computation and communication load required by centralized estimators, by running local parallel inference algorithms. The distributed estimators have applications in estimation, for example, of temperature, rainfall or wind-speed over a large geographical area; dynamic states of a power grid; location of a group of cooperating vehicles; or beliefs in social networks. The thesis develops distributed estimators where each sensor reconstructs the estimate of the entire field. Since the local estimators have direct access to only local innovations, local observations or a local state, the agents need a consensus-type step to construct locally an estimate of their global versions. This is akin to what we refer to as distributed dynamic averaging. Dynamic averaged quantities, which we call pseudo-quantities, are then used by the distributed local estimators to yield at each sensor an estimate of the whole field. Using terminology from the literature, we refer to the distributed estimators presented in this thesis as Consensus+Innovations-type Kalman filters. We propose three distinct types of distributed estimators according to the quantity that is dynamically averaged: (1) Pseudo-Innovations Kalman Filter (PIKF), (2) Distributed Information Kalman Filter (DIKF), and (3) Consensus+Innovations Kalman Filter (CIKF). The thesis proves that under minimal assumptions the distributed estimators, PIKF, DIKF and CIKF converge to unbiased and bounded mean-squared error (MSE) distributed estimates of the field. These distributed algorithms exhibit a Network Tracking Capacity (NTC) behavior – the MSE is bounded if the degree of instability of the field dynamics is below a threshold. We derive the threshold for each of the filters. The thesis establishes trade-offs between these three distributed estimators. The NTC of the PIKF depends on the network connectivity only, while the NTC of the DIKF and of the CIKF depend also on the observation models. On the other hand, when all the three
3,3'-Diindolylmethane induces miRNA-132 to potentiate cholinergic anti-inflammation and suppress autoimmune encephalomyelitis

The microRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. An increasing paradigm has shown that these molecules are critically implicated in pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the axis of miRNAs with the proteins that show important roles in MS is largely anonymous. Previously, our data showed that activation of the transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) by 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) alleviates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of MS. This effect was attributed to up-regulation of miR-132 that targets acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The 3, 3'-diindolylmethane (DIM)-activated Ahr also alleviates inflammatory symptoms of EAE, but no studies have linked DIM with miR-132. Data of the current study showed that miR-132 was down-regulated in encephalitogenic CD4+ cells, while DIM restored the miR-132 level. The DIM treatment up-regulated AChE-targeting miR-132, which in turns potentiated cholinergic anti-inflammation in EAE mice. Transfection of CD4+ cells with miR-132 mimics decreased cell proliferation, interleukin (IL)-17, interferon (IFN)-γ and enhanced production of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. In conclusion, the findings identify a new miRNA-based mechanistic explanation for the anti-inflammatory properties of DIM in EAE, suggesting a promising therapeutic potential of miR-132 to control autoimmune inflammation in MS patients.
United States Patent Hellström

Drossman et al. 1992. Annals of Internal Medicine 116 (12 pt 1):1009-1016* Habener et al. 1993. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America 22(4):775–794. * Nauck et al. 1993. J. Clinical Endocrinology and Metabo lism 76(4):912–917. * J. Behar et al., 1980. “Effect of cholecystokinin and the octapeptide of cholecystokinin on the feline Sphincter of Oddi and gallbladder. ” J. Clin. Invest. , 66:1231–1239. G. Bertaccini et al., 1971. “Action of of caerulein on intestinal motility in man. ” Gastroenterology, 60:55-63. Blackburn et al., 1980. “Effect of neurotensin on gastric function in man. ” Lancet, i:987-989. Drossman et al., 1992. “The irritable bowel syndrome: Review and a graduated multicomponent treatment approach. ” Ann. Intern. Med. 116:1009-1016. S. Efendic et al., 1978. “Effect of Somatostatin on intestinal motility. ” Acta. Radiol. Diagn. 19:348-351. J.F. Habener, 1993. “The incretin notion and its relevance to diabetes. Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North Am. 22:775–794. R.A. Liddle et al., 1986. "Regulation of gastric emptying in humans by cholecystokinin. ” J. Clin. Invest. 77:992–996. J.A. Levant et al., 1974. “The effects of graded doses of C-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin on Small intesti nal transit time in man. ” Dig. Dis. 19:207-209. B.M. Meyer et al., 1989. “Role of cholecystokinin in regu lation of gastrointestinal motor functions. ” Lancet i:12-15. A.K. Mukhopadhyay et al., 1977. “Effect of cholecystokinin on myoelectric activity of small bowel of the dog. ” Am. J. Physiol. E44-E47. M.A. Nauck et al., 1993. “Additive insulinotropic effects of exogenous Synthetic human gastric inhibitory polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1-(7–36) amide concentrations. ” J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 76:912-917.
Helicobacter pylori and cytokine gene variants as predictors of premalignant gastric lesions

Gastric cancer remains the third leading cause of mortality from cancer worldwide and carries a poor prognosis, due largely to late diagnosis. The importance of the interaction between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, the main risk factor, and host-related genetic factors has been studied intensively in recent years. The genetic predisposition for non-hereditary gastric cancer is difficult to assess, as neither the real prevalence of premalignant gastric lesions in various populations nor the environmental risk factors for cancer progression are clearly defined. For non-cardiac intestinal-type cancer, identifying the factors that modulate the progression from inflammation toward cancer is crucial in order to develop preventive strategies. The role of cytokines and their gene variants has been questioned in regard to non-self-limiting H. pylori gastritis and its evolution to gastric atrophy and intestinal metaplasia; the literature now includes various and non-conclusive results on this topic. The influence of the majority of cytokine single nucleotide polymorphisms has been investigated for gastric cancer but not for preneoplastic gastric lesions. Among the investigated gene variants onlyIL10T-819C, IL-8-251, IL-18RAP917997, IL-22 rs1179251, IL1-B-511, IL1-B-3954, IL4R-398 and IL1RN were identified as predictors for premalignant gastric lesions risk. One of the most important limiting factors is the inhomogeneity of the studies (e.g., the lack of data on concomitant H. pylori infection, methods used to assess preneoplastic lesions, and source population). Testing the modifying effect of H. pylori infection upon the relationship between cytokine gene variants and premalignant gastric lesions, or even testing the interaction between H. pylori and cytokine gene variants in multivariable models adjusted for potential covariates, could increase generalizability of results.
A cloud based tool for knowledge exchange on local scale 1 flood risk using land management scenarios 2 3

8 There is an emerging and urgent need for new approaches for the management of 9 environmental challenges such as flood hazard in the broad context of sustainability. This 10 requires a new way of working which bridges disciplines and organisations, and that breaks 11 down science-culture boundaries. With this, there is growing recognition that the appropriate 12 involvement of local communities in catchment management decisions can result in multiple 13 benefits. However, new tools are required to connect organisations and communities. The 14 growth of cloud based technologies offers a novel way to facilitate this process of exchange 15 of information in environmental science and management; however, stakeholders need to be 16 engaged with as part of the development process from the beginning rather than being 17 presented with a final product at the end. 18 Here we present the development of a pilot Local Environmental Virtual Observatory 19 Flooding Tool. The aim was to develop a cloud based learning platform for stakeholders, 20 bringing together fragmented data, models and visualisation tools that will enable these 21 stakeholders to make scientifically informed environmental management decisions at the local 22 scale. It has been developed by engaging with different stakeholder groups in three catchment 23 case studies in the UK and a panel of national experts in relevant topic areas. However, these 24 case study catchments are typical of many northern latitude catchments. The tool was 25 designed to communicate flood risk in locally impacted communities whilst engaging with 26 landowners/farmers about the risk of runoff from the farmed landscape. It has been developed 27 iteratively to reflect the needs, interests and capabilities of a wide range of stakeholders. The 28 pilot tool combines cloud based services, local catchment datasets, a hydrological model and 29 bespoke visualisation tools to explore real time hydrometric data and the impact of flood risk 30 caused by future land use changes. The novel aspects of the pilot tool are; the co-evolution of 31
Evaluation of the Effect of Temperature on the Die-Off Rate for Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts in Water, Soils, and Feces

The zoonotic protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium parvum poses a significant risk to public health and has become a global concern for water resource management (10). In order to identify the risk of potential contamination, knowledge about the survival of Cryptosporidium oocysts in the environment is required. Cryptosporidium oocysts can retain infectivity for months and resist environmental stresses more readily than many other pathogens because of a hard protective wall (10, 15, 41). As a result, the characterization of the die-off dynamics of C. parvum oocysts in the environment has received much attention (26). In this paper, we review the published data of the last two decades and the derived understanding of the relationships between temperature, one of the most important environmental stresses, and the die-off of C. parvum in water, soils, and feces. In general, the inactivation of Cryptosporidium oocysts in the environment slows down exponentially with time, presenting shoulder and tailing effects (31, 38). To cater for these two functions, a first-order exponential formula has usually been used to simulate the die-off curves for oocysts in water (5, 9, 18, 21), in soils (8, 20, 28), and in feces (30, 35), with equation 1 as follows:
Constitutive model for shear-thickening suspensions: Predictions for steady shear with superposed transverse oscillations

We recently developed a tensorial constitutive model for dense, shear-thickening particle suspensions that combines rate-independent microstructural evolution with a stress-dependent jamming threshold. This gives a good qualitative account for reversing flows, although it quantitatively over-estimates structural anisotropy [J.~J.~J.~Gillissen {\em et al.}, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 123} (21), 214504 (2019)]. Here we use the model to predict the unjamming effect of superposed transverse oscillations on a steady shear flow in the thickened regime [N. ~Y. ~C. ~Lin {\em et al.}, Proc.~Nat.~Acad.~Sci.~USA {\bf 113}, 10774 (2016)]. The model successfully reproduces the oscillation-mediated viscosity drop observed experimentally. We compare the time-dependent components of the stress and microstructure tensors to discrete-element simulations. Although the model correctly captures the main qualitative behaviour, it generally over-predicts the microstructural anisotropy in steady shear, and it under-predicts the number of particle contacts in oscillating shear. It also does not fully capture the correct variation in phase angle between the transverse component of the microstructure and the shear rate oscillations, as the amplitude of the latter is increased. These discrepancies suggest avenues for future improvements to the model.
Bivalve Molluscs: Biology, Ecology and Culture

Preface. Acknowledgements. 1. An Introduction to Bivalves. 2. Morphology of Bivalves. 3. Ecology of Bivalves. 4. How Bivalves Feed. 5. Reproduction, Settlements and Recruitment. 6. Bivalve Growth. 7. Circulation, Respiration, Excretion and Osmoregulation. 8. Fisheries Management of Natural Populations. 9. Bivalve Culture. 10. Genetics in Aquaculture. 11. Diseases and Parasites. 12. Public Health. Subject Index. Species Index
PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF SKATES, A MORPHOLOGICALLY CONSERVATIVE CLADE OF ELASMOBRANCHS (CHONDRICHTHYES : RAJIDAE)

Skates (Rajidae) are unique among chondrichthyans for their high species diversity and morphological conservatism. To elucidate phylogenetic interrelationships within this taxon, we surveyed a wide range of morphological character complexes under the premise that characters within different character complexes are constrained in different ways and would thus reveal a robust phylogeny. Maximumparsimony analysis employing 31 taxa, including three outgroups, and 55 characters produced 20 equally parsimonious trees of 160 steps (consistency index = 0.681, retention index = 0.850, homoplasy index = 0.462, and rescaled consistency index = 0.579). The strict consensus tree divided rajids into two major clades. The first, Rajinae, consisted of two partially resolved clades and one fully resolved clade and was defined by three ambiguous character states: (1) scapulocoracoids that lack an anterior bridge; (2) claspers that are distally expandible; and (3) claspers that possess the component rhipidion. The taxon comprises three tribes, 15 genera (seven elevated from subgenera of Raja and GurgesieUa), and 149 species. The second major clade, Arhynchobatinae, was nearly fully resolved and was defined by two unambiguous character states: (1) basihyal cartilages that possess lateral extensions; and (2) claspers that possess the component projection. The taxon comprises two tribes, 11 genera, two genera elevated from subgenera of Raja, and 79 species. The strict consensus tree revealed considerable parallelisms in morphological evolution within rajids. Some parallelisms, such as reduction of the rostral cartilage and concomitant forward extension of pectoral radials and muscles and enlarged nasal capsules, appear to be adaptations for deep-sea benthic habitats. The closest relatives of rajids, Rhinobatos, Zapteryx, and Trygonorrhina, are limited to shallow water. Thus, it is likely that ancestral rajids had a similar habitat and that subsequently rajids made multiple radiations into the deep sea and developed flexible snouts for grubbing in soft substrates and enlarged nasal rosettes for increased chemosensistivty in regions with little light.
Combined Optimization of Neural Network Fault Diagnosis Methods for Analog Circuits on Ships

ABSTRACT Guo, S. ; Li, H. ; Wu, B. ; Zhou, J.; Su, C. , and Guan, C. , 2020. Combined optimization of neural network fault diagnosis methods for analog circuits on ships. In: Zheng, C.W. ; Wang, Q. ; Zhan, C. , and Yang, S.B. (eds.), Air-Sea Interaction and Coastal Environments of the Maritime and Polar Silk Roads. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 99, pp. 158–164. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. With increasing automation, electronic systems are becoming more widely used on ships. When electronic systems fail, it will greatly affect the safety of ship operation or even cause catastrophic accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to diagnose a circuit fault in order to repair the equipment in time. In electronic systems, more than 80% of the faults come from analog circuits. To obtain better fault diagnosis accuracy for analog circuits, neural network classification algorithms are often combined with optimization steps, such as circuit feature collection, feature engineering, regularization and so on, significantly affecting the accuracy of the classification algorithm, such as circuit feature collection, feature engineering, and regularization. However, the accuracy of analog circuit fault diagnosis is often not high in practical applications because of the tolerance of analog circuit components and other factors. To solve the above problems, this paper proposes a neural network combination optimization method based on hypothesis testing and applies it this method to the fault diagnosis of analog circuits on ships. This method uses hypothesis testing to combine and sort the optimization methods of each step in a neural network classification algorithm to obtain a model ranking based on the accuracy rate with mathematical statistics rules, thereby obtaining the optimal combination method. Finally, the validity of the method is verified by experiments.
The identity of Damatris pudica and typification of Arctotis breviscapa (Asteraceae, Arctotideae)

The Arctotidinae, a subtribe of the Arctotideae, comprises approximately 90–100 species predominantly confined to southern and eastern Africa. The species are presently classified into five genera: Arctotheca Vaillant (1754: 604), Arctotis Linnaeus (1753: 922), Cymbonotus Cassini (1825: 397), Dymondia Compton (1953: 110) and Haplocarpha Lessing (1831: 90) (Karis et al. 2009). Cassini (1817) published the genus Damatris Cassini (1817: 139) and described a single species, D. pudica Cassini (1817: 140), for a species of Arctotidinae collected from ‘le Cap de Bonne-Esperance’ (Cape of Good Hope, South Africa). Cassini (1819) stated that Damatris pudica was described from material in the Herbier de Jussieu (P-JU). However, the identity of Damatris pudica has always been uncertain. Initially, most authors listed the genus as either poorly known or of dubious status (e.g. Lessing 1832, Candolle 1838b, Harvey 1865). Bentham (1873) tentatively considered that Damatris might be congeneric with Haplocarpha and subsequently Beauverd (1915) made the combination for D. pudica in Haplocarpha without comment on the species’ identity (although marked with a question mark to indicate a degree of uncertainty). In the most recent monograph of Arctotidinae, Lewin (1922) followed Bentham in citing Damatris as a synonym of Haplocarpha but curiously did not cite D. pudica , either as an accepted species or in the synonymy of another species. Damatris has nomenclatural priority over Haplocarpha , therefore resolution of the identity of D. pudica may have nomenclatural implications for the generic taxonomy of Arctotidinae.
Barnacles on turtles in Queensland waters with descriptions of three new species

Seventeen species of barnacle are described from five species of turtle. Tuhicinella cheloniae. Stomalolepas dermochelys, and Platylepas coriacea are described as new; Stephanolepas muricata is recorded from Australian waters for the first time, and Lepas hillii. L. anatifera, L. anserifera. Conchoderma virgaium. C. aurilum, Balarius irigonus. B. variegatus. Chelonibia testudinaha. C caretta, Stomalolepas praegastator, S. iransversa. Platylepas hexaslvlos and P. decorata are also recorded. Hosts recorded are Chelonia mydas, C. depressa. Caretta caretta. Dermochelys coriacea. and hyetmochelys imbricata. A key to the barnacles is given. The material for this study was collected during the long term turtle research programme being conducted in Queensland waters by one of us (C.J.L.), and the taxonomic analysis was conducted by the other (R.M.), There have been many reports of barnacles on turtles, but usually within the context of a more generalized taxonomic study (Darwin 1954; I Pilsbry 1916; Stubbings 1965, 1967). This study is restricted to barnacles occurring on turtles, and especially barnacles of the family Coronulidae. Barnacles of the family Coronulidae are obligate epizooans of a wide range of hosts and are commonly called ‘turtle’ or ‘whale’ barnacles, though also occurring on sirenians, sea snakes, crustaceans, molluscs, and fish (Ross and Newman 1967). The other two families represented in the collections for this paper (Lepadidae and Balanidae) may be regarded as facultative epizooans. Seventeen species from five families are recorded from five hosts. Three species are described as new; Tuhicinella cheloniae. Stomatolepas dermochelys, and Platylepas coriacea. Family names follow Newman and Ross (1976). Register numbers prefixed by ‘W’ indicate materia! held in the Queensland Museum. ‘U.S.N.M. ’ prefixes material from the Smithsonian Institution, Washington; ‘N.Z. O.I. ’ the New Zealand Oceanographic Institution in Wellington; ‘R.M. N.H. ’ the Rijksmuseum von Natuurlijke Historic, Leiden; ‘B.M. N.H. ’ the British Museum (Natural History), London; ‘Z.S. I. ’ the Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta; and ‘l.R. S.N.B.’ the Institul Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Brussels.
Getting Out of Arms’ Way: Star Wars and Snails on the Seashore

Many shell-bearing gastropods exhibit pre-capture behaviors when encountering predatory asteroid sea stars. As shown in this meta-analysis of 48 studies on 24 sea star and 100 gastropod and chiton species, almost three-quarters of prey escape by moving or tumbling away, whereas the remaining species clamp tightly to the substratum or otherwise resist. The aim of the present paper is to correlate these behaviors with predicted shell traits, including those with gravitational stability for species that escape on the substratum and those that clamp, and those with a strongly sculptured shell in species that resist sea star attacks. Escaping species and those that clamp have gravitationally stable shells, with the center of gravity located above the broad aperture and large foot. Species that resist have significantly more sculptured shells. All of these traits would also work well in encounters with other slow-moving predators, such as gastropods and planarians. Although the sea stars are generalist predators, and the gastropods have many enemies besides sea stars, cool-water gastropods are well adapted to predatory sea stars on temperate and polar coasts, where most hard-bottom sea stars with molluscan diets occur. The prominence of escape among cool-water gastropods seems contradictory, given that locomotor speed rises with increasing temperature; but tropical gastropods rely more on armor than on escape, because of the prevalence of faster, more powerful predators in warm water. The black pigment of shells of many temperate prey species of sea stars might confer crypsis against these predators.