Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Metamorphism in the Stavelot-Venn Massif: a study of quartz veins in the basal Devonian conglomerates (Lochkovian)

The Stavelot-Venn Massii is the best exDosed LoweI Palaeozoic inlier in the allochthonous Variscan Ardenne nappe in Belgium. lhr\ massif underwenr iwo main orogenic phases, i.e. the Caledonian d€formation phase and lhe Late W€slphalian Variscan orogeny. The sourhem part of the Stavelot-Venn Massif is chamcteriz€d by a gr€enschistfacies metamorphism, while a lower-grad€d Caledonian melamorphism may be totally overprinted. In rhe noIhem part illite crystallinity data indicate an anchizonat Caledonian netamorphism which is not influenced by a subsequent Variscan metamorphic phase. The Lower Devonian basal conglomerates, which overlay the Lower Palaeozoic of the Stavelotvenn Massif. contaan Caledonian and VaIiscan quaIz veins. Fluid inclusions in thes€ veins have b€en investigated to constrain lhe pressur€ and temperature conditions ofthe Caledonian and Variscan metamorphjsm. In the noihem part of the Stavelot-Venn Massii inclusions consist of two-phase, low salinity HrO, NaCl fluids and have homog€nisation tempeIatuIes between 150"C and 200oC. Combined with a geofteImal gradi€nt of 50"C/km, a Ienperature and pressure Iange of respecliv€ly 180"C-280"C and 80-l30MPa can b€ d€duced. These values are comparable with those constrained by illite crystallinity. In the southem pai ofrhe Stavelor-Venn Massit Caledonian quaIz fiagmenrs aIe charact€rized by coexisring H,O-NaCl and H,O-COr-NaCI fluids. Calculated trapping conditions vary between 280'C and 380"C wjth pressur€s between 80MPa and 300MPa. Furthernor€ the precipitation Emperature ofchlorites in lhe quarrz veins and in rhe matIix ofthe conglomerates in the noIthem paI ofth€ Massifhas been calculated. The temperature of 3l0oc is higher than the temperature of the surrounding host-rock during the Variscan (200oC bas€d on the conodont colour alteration index and the vitIinite reflectance data). This could be due lo the migration of warm fluids Iiom the south€m paIt ofthe Stavelolvenn Massiflowards the north during the VaIiscan orogeny.
UK greenhouse gas inventory 1990 to 2006: annual report for submission under the Framework Convention on Climate Change

This is the United Kingdom’s National Inventory Report (NIR) submitted in April 2012 to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). It contains national greenhouse gas emission estimates for the period 1990-2010, and the descriptions of the methods used to produce the estimates.The GHGI is compiled according to IPCC 1996 Revised Guidelines and Good Practice Guidance (IPCC, 1997; 2000 and 2003), with reference to the new 2006 IPCC Guidelines (IPCC, 2006). Each year the inventory is updated to include the latest data available. Improvements to the methodology are backdated as necessary to ensure a consistent time series. Methodological changes are made to take account of new data sources, or new guidance from IPCC, relevant work by CORINAIR, and new research, sponsored by DECC or otherwise.
Relative cost-effectiveness of an extensively hydrolyzed casein formula containing the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus gg in managing infants with cow’s milk allergy in italy

Objective: To estimate the cost-effectiveness of using an extensively hydrolyzed casein formula (eHCF) containing the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, (eHCF + LGG; Nutramigen LGG) as first-line management for cow’s milk allergy (CMA) compared with eHCF alone, soy-based formulae (SBF), hydrolyzed rice formulae (HRF), and amino acid formulae (AAF) in Italy, from the perspective of the Italian National Health Service (INHS) and parents. Methods: Decision modeling was used to estimate the probability of infants developing tolerance to cow’s milk by 18 months, based on an observational study dataset. The model also estimated the cost (at 2012/2013 prices) of health care resource use funded by the INHS and formulae paid for by parents over 18 months after starting a formula, as well as the relative cost-effectiveness of each of the formulae. Results: The probability of developing tolerance to cow’s milk by 18 months was higher among infants with either IgE-mediated or non-IgE-mediated allergy who were fed eHCF + LGG compared to those fed one of the other formulae. The total health care cost of initially feeding infants with eHCF + LGG was less than that of feeding infants with one of the other formulae. Hence, eHCF + LGG affords the greatest value for money to both the INHS and parents of infants with either IgE-mediated or non-IgE-mediated CMA. Conclusion: Using eHCF + LGG instead of eHCF, SBF, HRF, or an AAF for first-line management of newly diagnosed infants with CMA in Italy affords a cost-effective use of publicly funded resources, and is cost-effective from the parents’ perspective, since it improves outcome for less cost. A randomized controlled study showing faster tolerance development in children receiving a probiotic-containing formula is required before this conclusion can be confirmed.
The spatiotemporal characteristics of NDVI,precipitation and RUE during 2000- 2012 in Xinjiang

In the present study,the spatial distribution characteristics and the interannual variation of NDVI,precipitation and RUE from June to September during 2000- 2012 in Xinjiang were analyzed. The results showed that the spatial distribution characteristics of monthly mean precipitation and monthly mean NDVI decreased from northwest to southeast,and the annual precipitation and annual NDVI increased in north Xinjiang,decreased in south Xinjiang although the annual precipitation changed more obvious. The spatial distribution comparison characteristics of monthly mean precipitation and monthly mean RUE was not obvious and the variation of annual precipitation and annual RUE was opposite. In different land use types,there was significantly positive correlation between precipitation and NDVI( r 0. 3,P 0. 05) which showed that precipitation conditions had significant influence on the vegetation spatial distribution. There was significantly negative correlation between precipitation and RUE( r - 0. 22,P 0. 05),which showed the inhibition effect of excessive precipitation on vegetation photosynthesis.
Liquidity, Monetary Policy, and Financial Cycles

A close look at how financial intermediaries manage their balance sheets suggests that these institutions raise their leverage during asset price booms and lower it during downturns - pro-cyclical actions that tend to exaggerate the fluctuations of the financial cycle. The authors of this study argue that the growth rate of aggregate balance sheets may be the most fitting measure of liquidity in a market-based financial system. Moreover, the authors show a strong correlation between balance sheet growth and the easing and tightening of monetary policy.
What can we learn from privately held firms about executive compensation

This study examines executive compensation using data from two nationally representative samples of privately held U.S. corporations conducted ten years apart—in 1993 and 2003—and uses these data to test a number of hypotheses. We find that: (i) the level of executive pay at privately held firms is higher at larger firms and varies widely by industry, consistent with stylized facts about executive pay at public companies; (ii) inflation-adjusted executive pay has fallen at privately held companies, in contrast with the widely documented run-up in executive pay at large public companies; (iii) the pay-size elasticity is much larger for privately held firms than for the publicly traded firms on which previous research has almost exclusively focused; (iv) executive pay is higher at more complex organizations; (v) organizational form affects taxation, which, in turn, affects executive pay, with executives at C-corporations being paid significantly more than executives at S-corporations; (vi) executive pay is inversely related to CEO ownership; (vii) executive pay is inversely related to financial risk; and (viii) executive pay is related to a number of CEO characteristics, including age, education and gender: executive pay has a quadratic relation with CEO age, a positive relation with educational, and is significantly lower for female executives.
Translation, adaptation and validation the contents of the Diabetes Medical Management Plan for the Brazilian context

ABSTRACT Objective: to translate, adapt and validate the contents of the Diabetes Medical Management Plan for the Brazilian context. This protocol was developed by the American Diabetes Association and guides the procedure of educators for the care of children and adolescents with diabetes in schools. Method: this methodological study was conducted in four stages: initial translation, synthesis of initial translation, back translation and content validation by an expert committee, composed of 94 specialists (29 applied linguists and 65 health professionals), for evaluation of the translated version through an online questionnaire. The concordance level of the judges was calculated based on the Content Validity Index. Data were exported into the R program for statistical analysis: Results: the evaluation of the instrument showed good concordance between the judges of the Health and Applied Linguistics areas, with a mean content validity index of 0.9 and 0.89, respectively, and slight variability of the index between groups (difference of less than 0.01). The items in the translated version, evaluated as unsatisfactory by the judges, were reformulated based on the considerations of the professionals of each group. Conclusion: a Brazilian version of Diabetes Medical Management Plan was constructed, called the Plano de Manejo do Diabetes na Escola.
Histone Deacetylase Inhibition Attenuates Cell Growth with Associated Telomerase Inhibition in High-Grade Childhood Brain Tumor Cells

Aberrant epigenetic regulation of gene expression contributes to tumor initiation and progression. Studies from a plethora of hematologic and solid tumors support the use of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) as potent anticancer agents. However, the mechanism of HDACi action with respect to the temporal order of induced cellular events is unclear. The present study investigates the anticancer effects of the HDACi trichostatin A in high-grade childhood brain tumor cells. Acute exposure to trichostatin A resulted in marked inhibition of cell proliferation, an increase in the proportion of G2-M cells, activation of H2A.X, and subsequent induction of apoptosis in the majority of cell lines. These phenotypic effects were associated with abrogation of telomerase activity and human telomerase reverse transcriptase downregulation in the majority of cell lines. In contrast, no cytotoxicity was observed in primary ependymal cells with respect to cilia function. Thus, inhibition of histone deacetylases leads to antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects in childhood brain tumor cells, likely to involve altered chromatin regulation at the human telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter. Mol Cancer Ther; 9(9); 2568–81. ©2010 AACR.
Frontotemporal Dementia

This is a progressive dementia, first described by Arnold Pick in 1892, which typically affects the frontal and/or temporal lobes. It is one of the more common causes of dementia before the age of 65. This is now considered part of an overlapping collection of syndromes which are more common than has been thought in the past. Pick's disease (PiD) and frontotemporal dementia/degeneration should not be used interchangeably, as PiD is one type of frontotemporal dementia syndrome. The term 'Pick complex' is sometimes used to incorporate other frontotemporal dementias.
The CAFE model: A net production model for global ocean phytoplankton

The Carbon, Absorption, and Fluorescence Euphotic‐resolving (CAFE) net primary production model is an adaptable framework for advancing global ocean productivity assessments by exploiting state‐of‐the‐art satellite ocean color analyses and addressing key physiological and ecological attributes of phytoplankton. Here we present the first implementation of the CAFE model that incorporates inherent optical properties derived from ocean color measurements into a mechanistic and accurate model of phytoplankton growth rates (μ) and net phytoplankton production (NPP). The CAFE model calculates NPP as the product of energy absorption (QPAR), and the efficiency (ϕμ) by which absorbed energy is converted into carbon biomass (CPhyto), while μ is calculated as NPP normalized to CPhyto. The CAFE model performance is evaluated alongside 21 other NPP models against a spatially robust and globally representative set of direct NPP measurements. This analysis demonstrates that the CAFE model explains the greatest amount of variance and has the lowest model bias relative to other NPP models analyzed with this data set. Global oceanic NPP from the CAFE model (52 Pg C m−2 yr−1) and mean division rates (0.34 day−1) are derived from climatological satellite data (2002–2014). This manuscript discusses and validates individual CAFE model parameters (e.g., QPAR and ϕμ), provides detailed sensitivity analyses, and compares the CAFE model results and parameterization to other widely cited models.
Nonlinear spherical perturbations in quintessence models of dark energy

Observations have confirmed the accelerated expansion of the universe. The accelerated expansion can be modelled by invoking a cosmological constant or a dynamical model of dark energy. A key difference between these models is that the equation of state parameter w for dark energy differs from −1 in dynamical dark energy (DDE) models. Further, the equation of state parameter is not constant for a general DDE model. Such differences can be probed using the variation of scale factor with time by measuring distances. Another significant difference between the cosmological constant and DDE models is that the latter must cluster. Linear perturbation analysis indicates that perturbations in quintessence models of dark energy do not grow to have a significant amplitude at small length scales. In this paper we study the response of quintessence dark energy to non-linear perturbations in dark matter. We use a fully relativistic model for spherically symmetric perturbations. In this study we focus on thawing models. We find that in response to non-linear perturbations in dark matter, dark energy perturbations grow at a faster rate than expected in linear perturbation theory. We find that dark energy perturbation remains localised and does not diffuse out to larger scales. The dominant drivers of the evolution of dark energy perturbations are the local Hubble flow and a supression of gradients of the scalar field. We also find that the equation of state parameter w changes in response to perturbations in dark matter such that it also becomes a function of position. The variation of w in space is correlated with density contrast for matter. Variation of w and perturbations in dark energy are more pronounced in response to large scale perturbations in matter while the dependence on the amplitude of matter perturbations is much weaker.
The possible protective effect of vitamin C on monosodium glutamate induced renal toxicity in male albino rats

Introduction: Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is widely used as a food additive to improve the taste of food. Despite its taste stimulation and appetite enhancement, some reports indicated that MSG is toxic and induce an oxidative stress. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is a natural antioxidant that prevents the excess production of free radicals.Aim of the work: Our aim was to study the toxicological effect of MSG on the renal cortex of adult male albino rats and to evaluate the possible role of ascorbic acid as a protective agent.Materials and methods: Forty adult albino rats were divided equally into four groups. Group I was the control group; group II received ascorbic acid intraperitonial injection (500 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks; group III rats were intraperitonial injected with monosodium glutamate (4mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks; and in group IV, rats were injected intraperitonially with ascorbic acid (500 mg/kg/day) for one week then followed by 4 weeks treated with monosodium glutamate and ascorbic acid as the same previous dose. At the end of the experiment, specimens from the kidney were taken and prepared for HandE, immunohistochemical stain and electron microscopic studies.Results: MSG induced degenerative changes in renal tubules as destruction in epithelial cell, loss of the brush border, exfoliated cellular debris in lumen of some tubules. Interstitial cells infiltration and blood vessels congestion were also noticed. There were signs of apoptosis as well as significant increase in caspase 3 antibodies expression. These changes were ameliorated by protective using of the ascorbic acid.Conclusion: MSG caused an apparent kidney injury on the histological, immumohistochemical and ultrastructure level. The ascorbic acid can ameliorate these effects.
JAM-L – mediated leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells is regulated in cis by (cid:2) 4 (cid:3) 1 integrin activation

in complexes with VLA-4 and mainly accumulate in their monomeric form. Integrin activation is required for the dissociation of JAM-L – VLA-4 complexes and the accumulation of functional JAM-L dimers, which indicates that the leukocyte integrin VLA-4 controls JAM-L function in cis by controlling its dimerization state. This provides a mechanism through which VLA-4 and JAM-L functions are coordinately regulated, allowing JAM-L to strengthen integrin-dependent adhesion of leukocytes to endothelial cells.
language teaching

This article delves into the ongoing debate surrounding the role of age in second language acquisition, examining developments over the past three decades and highlighting contentious issues. We argue that the commonly held belief in age’s pivotal role is frequently contradicted by empirical evidence. Additionally, we examine the age-related debate with respect to foreign language teaching. A brief review is provided on advances in neuroscientific techniques, which show that the adult brain retains substantial plasticity for language learning, followed by a discussion of these findings in relation to lifelong language learning. Finally, we turn to Complex Dynamic Systems Theory, which offers a dynamic perspective that emphasizes the evolving interplay of age, context, and individual factors, pointing to the need for more qualitative research.
BULGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

In the paper are studied methods for protection of interactive systems and digital archives against unauthorized distribution of digital content. We make an overview of steganographic methods and image protection schemes. An improved watermark error correction scheme is presented. The studies contribute to the overall development of the North+region, provide future generations with widespread public access to digital materials. We achieve a long-term storage, secure data protection and interactive web presence.
Kavuzlu Siyez (Triticum monococcum ssp. monococcum) ve Ekmeklik (Triticum aestivum L.) Buğdaylarda Kurak ve Tuz Stresinin Erken Fide Gelişimi ve Antioksidan Aktivite Üzerine Etkisi

Bu calisma, ulkemizde yetistirilen 2 kavuzlu siyez ( Triticum monococcum spp. monococcum ; AA; 2n=14) bugday populasyonu (Populasyon-1 ve Populasyon-2) ve 4 tescilli ekmeklik ( Triticum aestivum L.; AABBDD; 2n=42) bugday cesidinde (Gerek-79, Ikizce, Demir-2000 ve Gun-91) kurak ve tuz stresinin erken fide gelisimi ve antioksidan aktivite [toplam fenolik icerigi, toplam flavonoit icerigi ve 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) serbest radikal giderici etki] uzerine olan etkilerini belirleyebilmek amaciyla yapilmistir. Arastirmada 2 farkli tuz konsantrasyonu [0.0 (saf su) ve 50 mM NaCl) ve polietilen glikolle (PEG-600) olusturulan 3 farkli osmotik basinc (0 MPa., -0.5 MPa. ve -1.0 MPa.) kullanilmistir. Deneme baslangicindan 10 gun sonra cim uzunlugu, kok uzunlugu, cim yas agirligi, cim kuru agirligi, kok yas agirligi ve kok kuru agirligi olculmustur. -1.0 MPa. ’lik osmotik basinc altinda bazi cesitler cimlenmelerine karsin fide gelistirememislerdir. Bugday cesitleri arasinda erken fide gelisim parametreleri ve antioksidan aktiviteleri bakimindan istatistiksel olarak anlamli farkliliklar bulunmustur ( p <0.05). Cim uzunlugu (15.01 ± 2.53 cm), kok uzunlugu (9.67 ± 1.75 cm), cim yas (100.58 ± 22.47 mg) ve cim kuru (10.47 ± 2.46 mg) agirligi en fazla Demir-2000 bugday cesidinin kontrol grubunda, en yuksek kok yas (95.30 ± 15.94 mg) ve kok kuru (9.66 ± 1.6 mg) agirlik Gun-91’in kontrol grubunda, en yuksek toplam fenolik madde icerigi Gerek-79’un (31.23 ± 1.81 mg GAE/gr), en yuksek flavonoit madde icerigi ise Demir-2000’in (84.00 ± 6.01mg KE/gr) tuz stresi altindaki gruplarinda belirlenmistir. En iyi antioksidan aktivite, en dusuk IC 50 (13.98 ± 0.25 mg/L) degeriyle tuz stresi altindaki Demir-2000’de gorulmustur. Demir-2000’in tuz stresi altinda cimlendirilmesiyle antioksidan aktivitesinin anlamli bir sekilde artmasi, bu cesidin tuz stresi altinda antioksidan savunma mekanizmasini diger bugday cesitlerinden daha etkin kullandigi seklinde degerlendirilmistir.
Analysis of meiobenthic community structure in relation to pollution and disturbance in Iraklion harbour, Greece

Analyse de la structure des peuplements meiobenthiques du port d'Heraklion (Grece) en fonction des pollutions et des perturbations. Au Sud de la Mer Egee, en Crete, la structure des peuplements meiobenthiques - Nematodes et Copepodes - a ete etudiee dans le port d'Heraklion. Des echantillons ont ete preleves sur 17 stations couvrant l'ensemble du port et allant de la zone interieure la plus polluee a la zone exterieure plus propre comparativement. Les resultats indiquent une nette zonation pour les associations de Nematodes suivant la proximite du polluant (debouche des egouts) ou des perturbations physiques (navigation). Pour les Copepodes, la zonation n'est pas aussi tranchee, bien que des changements apparaissent dans la structure des peuplements de l'interieur vers l'exterieur de la zone portuaire. Les seules correlations exprimees par une analyse 'BIOENV' entre les variables environnementales et la structure des peuplements, sont dues aux descripteurs profondeur, carbone organique, cuivre et cadmium pour les Nematodes et cuivre pour les Copepodes; toutefois ces correlations sont assez faibles. Il semble donc qu'en raison du peu de variabilite des taux de leur concentration d'une station a l'autre, les metaux lourds n'ont guere d'impact sur les communautes meiobenthiques. D'autres facteurs tels le tributyletain (TBT) connu pour affecter la structure des peuplements de la meiofaune pourraient jouer un role plus important.
Data, age uncertainties and ocean δ18O under the spotlight for Ocean2k Phase 2

the oceans make up 71% of the Earth’s surface area and are a major component of the global climate system. they are the world’s primary heat reservoir, and knowledge of the global ocean response to past and present radiative forcing is important for understanding climate change. PAGEs’ Ocean2k working group aims to place marine climate of the past century within the context of the previous 2000 years (2k). Phase 1 (2011-2015) focused on constraining the forcing mechanisms most consistent with reconstructed sea surface temperature (sst) over the 2k interval (McGregor et al. 2015; tierney et al. 2015). the 1st Ocean2k workshop assisted in the transition to Ocean2k Phase 2 (2015-2017), with the workshop goal to develop, coordinate and significantly advance community-identified and -driven activities.