Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A new semantic similarity join method using diffusion maps and long string table attributes

With the rapid increase of the distributed data sources, and in order to make information integration, there is a need to combine the information that refers to the same entity from different sources. However, there are no global conventions that control the format of the data, and it is impractical to impose such global conventions. Also, there could be some spelling errors in the data as it is entered manually in most of the cases. For such reasons, the need to find and join similar records instead of exact records is important in order to integrate the data. Most of the previous work has concentrated on similarity join when the join attribute is a short string attribute, such as person name and address. However, most databases contain long string attributes as well, such as product description and paper abstract, and up to our knowledge, no work has been done in this direction. The use of long string attributes is promising as these attributes contain much more information than short string attributes, which could improve the similarity join performance. On the other hand, most of the literature work did not consider the semantic similarities during the similarity join process. To address these issues, 1) we showed that the use of long attributes outperformed the use of short attributes in the similarity join process in terms of similarity join accuracy with a comparable running time under both supervised and unsupervised learning scenarios; 2) we found the best semantic similarity method to join long attributes in both supervised and unsupervised learning scenarios; 3) we proposed efficient semantic similarity join methods using long attributes under both supervised and unsupervised learning scenarios; 4) we proposed privacy preserving similarity join protocols that supports the use of long attributes to increase the similarity join accuracy under both supervised and unsupervised learning scenarios; 5) we studied the effect of using multi-label supervised learning on the similarity join performance; 6) we found an efficient similarity join method for expandable databases.
Learning Content Similarity for Music Recommendation

Many tasks in music information retrieval, such as recommendation, and playlist generation for online radio, fall naturally into the query-by-example setting, wherein a user queries the system by providing a song, and the system responds with a list of relevant or similar song recommendations. Such applications ultimately depend on the notion of similarity between items to produce high-quality results. Current state-of-the-art systems employ collaborative filter methods to represent musical items, effectively comparing items in terms of their constituent users. While collaborative filter techniques perform well when historical data is available for each item, their reliance on historical data impedes performance on novel or unpopular items. To combat this problem, practitioners rely on content-based similarity, which naturally extends to novel items, but is typically outperformed by collaborative filter methods. In this paper, we propose a method for optimizing content-based similarity by learning from a sample of collaborative filter data. The optimized content-based similarity metric can then be applied to answer queries on novel and unpopular items, while still maintaining high recommendation accuracy. The proposed system yields accurate and efficient representations of audio content, and experimental results show significant improvements in accuracy over competing content-based recommendation techniques.
P53 in tumour pathology: Can we trust immunocytochemistry?

No single gene has made more impact on both fundamental and applied cancer biology than p53 (reviewed in ref. I). Indeed, the latest meeting of the Pathological Society carried no fewer than 17 presentations devoted to it. Tumour markers have come and (mostly) gone, but p53 mutation is different. First, it is a fundamental mechanism involved in disordered growth control, not a secondary consequence of the neoplastic phenotype. Second, it is amazingly widespread, occurring at high frequency in tumours of all cell lineages. Of course, this would be of little interest to diagnostic pathology were it not for the fortuitous fact that the underlying genetic lesion-point mutation-in addition to abolishing the tumour suppressor activity of the protein, also stabilizes it, resulting in its accumulation to levels detectable by immunocytochemistry (ICC). Furthermore, most studies to date suggest that p53 mutation arises relatively ‘late’ in neoplastic progression and may correlate with increasing dysplasia, malignant transformation, or increased tumour aggressiveness depending on the cell/tissue in question. The potential clinical applications are obvious. However, the current wave of enthusiasm is at risk of turning to disappointment if we do not guard against oversimplification. The rapidly expanding experience in this field is now uncovering worrying examples of a breakdown in the correlation between ICC positivity and mutation-in both ‘directions’. ‘False negatives-Ignoring technical (e.g., fixation) artefact, there are two potential reasons why loss of p53 activity may not be accompanied by the expected accumulation of the protein. First, the underlying lesion may be not a missense point mutation but a gross deletion which abolishes all p53 protein production. Fortunately, this is rare except in some sarcomas (although the occurrence of ‘stop’ mutations having the same effect may well be more common). The second possibility, hitherto largely ignored, is that the point mutation does not stabilize the protein sufficiently for its level to
Robust algorithms for high quality Test Pattern Generation using Boolean Satisfiability

Algorithms for Automatic Test Pattern Generation (ATPG) have to provide a high fault coverage in order to satisfy the quality demands of the chip industry. However, classical structural ATPG algorithms have problems to cope with the increased complexity of modern chip designs. The number of faults for which no test can be generated grows and the demands of the industry are compromised. New algorithms are necessary to retain the quality level. This results in a renewed interest in efficient ATPG algorithms which are fast and robust. ATPG algorithms based on Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) are a promising alternative to structural algorithms being very robust. However, SAT-based ATPG suffers from several limitations such as high run time or over-specified tests which prevent the use in industrial application. This paper proposes a SAT-based ATPG framework, which overcomes the limitations and allows for an efficient application in industrial practice. The framework is able to handle tri-state elements as well as unknown states. SAT formulations for the most prevalent fault models are proposed with special attention paid on the generation of high-quality tests. Novel techniques are introduced which boost the performance of the SAT-based ATPG process and reduce the number of unclassified faults to a minimum. Experimental results on large industrial circuits with multi-million elements show a significantly increased fault efficiency and very high fault coverage. The techniques presented make SAT-based ATPG suitable for the complexity of future designs and new complex fault models.
Leadership in social care

Preface. Part I: Leadership of the Profession. Chapter 1. Leadership for 21st Century Social Work. Zoe van Zwanenberg, Zwan Consulting, Dunbar, UK. Chapter 2. Practitioner Leadership - How do we Realise the Potential Within. Harry Stevenson, South Lanarkshire Council, Hamilton, UK. Chapter 3. Supervision, Management and Leadership - Think Piece. Kate Skinner, Institute Of Research and Innovation in Social Services, Dundee, UK. Chapter 4. Leadership and Management - Not Losing Sight of Both. Anne Cullen, Exeter University, UK. Part II: Leadership for Collaborative Advantage. Chapter 5. Doing Things Collaboratively - Realising the Advantage or Succumbing to Inertia. Chris Huxham, University Of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK and Siv Vangen, The Open University Business School, Milton Keynes, UK. Chapter 6. Leading Partnerships - Learning from Study and Practice. Patrick Leonard, Lancaster University Management School, Cumbria, UK. Chapter 7. The Work of Leadership in Formal Coalitions - Embracing Paradox for Collaboration. Sonia Ospina, Robert Wagner Institute, New York, USA and Angel Saz-Carranza, ESADE Business School, Ramon Llull University, Spain. Chapter 8. Collaborative Leadership -The Importance of Place-Based Development. Anne Murphy, In Touch NV, Amsterdam, Holland. Part III - Leadership Development. Chapter 9. Leadership and Learning - the Purpose of a Continuing Learning Framework. Carole Wilkinson, Scottish Social Services Council, Dundee, UK. Chapter 10. Social Work Leadership and Management Development - Comparable Approaches. Rick Beinecke, Suffolk University Business School, Boston, USA. Chapter 11. Lessons from Health Leadership. Graham Dickson, Royal Roads University, British Columbia, Canada. Chapter 12. Learning from Current Trends in Leadership Development in Scotland. Dennis Tourish and Ashly Pinnington, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK . Chapter 13. Leading Flourishing Organisations - Lessons from Positive Psychology. Angus Skinner, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK. Index
Vitamin A and lysosomal stability in rat liver.

The stability of rat liver lysosomes has been studied in animals of varying vitamin A status. The activities of various hydrolytic enzymesâ€")9-glucuronidase, 0-hexosaminidase, hyaluronidase, cathepsins and arylsulfataseâ€"in the lysosome-rich 15,000 g sediment and the 15,000 g supernatant and in the serum have been taken as criteria of lysosomal stability. Maximum lysosomal stability has been found in rats when the vitamin A intake ranged from 100 to 2,000 IU/day. Within this range the variation in lysosomal stability was not appreciable, but above and below this range of vitamin A intake, the stability was progressively decreased. There was no appreciable alteration in the total enzyme activity (sum of the nuclear, bound, and free activities) with vari ations in vitamin A status. Retinol in vitro had no effect on the enzyme activity released from the nuclear or lysosomal fraction by the action of Brij-35 or on the nonsedimentable activity. The action of vitamin A is therefore mainly a membrane effect. Proteoglycan fraction from normal rat liver had no effect on the lysosomal stability of the vitamin A-deficient rat in vitro, but lipid extract from normal rat liver increased the stability. This effect has been found to be due to the phospholipids present in the lipid extract J. Nutr. 104: 146&-1475, 1974.
Computed Quality Assessment of MPEG4-compressed DICOM Video Data

Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM) has become one of the most popular standards in medicine. This standard specifies the exact procedures in which digital images are exchanged between devices, either using a network or storage medium. Sources for images vary; therefore there exist definitions for the exchange for CR, CT, NMR, angiography, sonography and so on. With its spreading, with the increasing amount of sources included, data volume is increasing, too. This affects storage and traffic. While for long-time storage data compression is generally not accepted at the moment, there are many situations where data compression is possible: Telemedicine for educational purposes (e.g. students at home using low speed internet connections), presentations with standard-resolution video projectors, or even the supply on wards combined receiving written findings. DICOM comprises compression: for still image there is JPEG, for video MPEG-2 is adopted. Within the last years MPEG-2 has been evolved to MPEG-4, which squeezes data even better, but the risk of significant errors increases, too. Within the last years effects of compression have been analyzed for entertainment movies, but these are not comparable to videos of physical examinations (e.g. echocardiography). In medical videos an individual image plays a more important role. Erroneous single images affect total quality even more. Additionally, the effect of compression can not be generalized from one test series to all videos. The result depends strongly on the source. Some investigations have been presented, where different MPEG-4 algorithms compressed videos have been compared and rated manually. But they describe only the results in an elected testbed. In this paper some methods derived from video rating are presented and discussed for an automatically created quality control for the compression of medical videos, primary stored in DICOM containers.
Using hidden Markov models to evaluate the quality of discovered process models

Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) are a stochastic signal modeling formalism that is actively used in the machine learning community for a wide range of applications such as speech and activity recognition. Efficient techniques exist to learn HMM models from a given data set, and to estimate the data likelihood with respect to a given HMM (i.e., “How probable is it that these data were produced by this HMM? ”). The latter enables the evaluation and selection of suitable models. In the domain of process mining the evaluation of models (i.e., “How can we measure the quality of a mined process model? ”) is still subject to ongoing research. Because the types of models used in process mining are typically on a higher level of abstraction (i.e., they are more expressive as they, for example, allow to capture concurrency), the problem of model evaluation is challenging. In this paper, we investigate the possibilities and limitations of using HMMs for evaluating process models and compare the resulting quality measurements to the metrics typically used in the process mining domain.
INFLAMMATION AND METABOLISM IN PERITONEAL DIALYSIS – FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH PERITONEAL FUNCTION , PERITONITIS AND DIALYSIS SOLUTIONS

10 Introduction . 12 Review of the literature . 13 1. Principles of peritoneal dialysis . 13 2. Techniques of peritoneal dialysis . 13 3. Outcome of peritoneal dialysis . 13 4. Assessing peritoneal clearances and function . 15 5. Soluble factors in the dialysate . 17 6. Dialysis solutions . 19 6.1. Glucose as osmotic agent . 19 6.2. Icodextrin as osmotic agent . 20 6.3. Amino acids as osmotic agent . 20 7. Outcome of peritoneal dialysis patients . 21 8. Assessing the insulin sensitivity . 22 9. Insulin sensitivity and substrate oxidation in peritoneal dialysis patients . 23 Aims of the study. 24 Materials and methods . 25 1. Subjects . 25 Part 1. Influence of dialysis adequacy, characteristics of the peritoneal membrane and peritonitis on inflammatory and fibrotic parameters in the dialysate . 25 1.1. Association of dialysis adequacy and characteristics of the peritoneal membrane with soluble factors in the dialysate, and their changes during a one-year follow-up . 25 1.2. Inflammatory parameters during and after peritonitis and their association with the outcome of peritonitis . 25 Part 2. Influence of glucose-free dialysis solutions on host defence and on metabolism . 26 2. Study designs . 26
A dynamic almost blank subframe scheme for video streaming traffic model in heterogeneous networks

In heterogeneous network (HetNet), the coverage area of picocell is small due to transmission power difference between macro eNodeB (eNB) and pico eNB. As a result, the traffic load is distributed unequally which yields to macrocell overloading. In order to overcome this issue, cell range expansion (CRE) technique has been proposed. However, the CRE approach can affect the downlink signal quality of the offloaded users and then these users experience high downlink interference from macro eNB on their control and data channels. Therefore, such inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC) techniques are needed to realize the promised capacity and coverage. Enhanced ICIC (eICIC) is a time domain technique to mitigate interference in HetNets using almost blank subframes (ABSs). However, the static ABS value cannot support the dynamic changing of network conditions. In this paper, a dynamic ABS scheme is proposed based on Genetic Algorithm to find the best ABS value and ABS locations in a frame to mitigate interference problem between macrocell and picocells for video streaming traffic model. Exhaustive simulation results show that the proposed scheme can improve the system performance in terms of throughput, outage probability and delay.
Séparation de sources non linéaires dans le cas des mélanges convolutifs. (Separation of non linear sources in the convolutive case)

Ce travail concerne la separation aveugle de sources dans le contexte des melanges convolutifs. La problematique est traitee dans le cas de sources non lineaires, non i.i. d. et aborde l'etude de criteres denommes "fonctions de contraste" dont la maximisation permet la separation d'un melange de sources. Parmi les methodes de separation dont nous etudions les contrastes, celles dites conjointes reconstituent les sources simultanement, tandis que les methodes dites sequentielles extraient les sources les unes apres les autres. Une alternative et une amelioration de la methode sequentielle dite de "deflation" sont presentees. Deux applications, l'une aux signaux de telecommunication CPM (continuous phase modulation) et l'autre aux images illustrent le potentiel des methodes sequentielles. Partant d'un point de vue semi-aveugle, des contrastes quadratiques sont enfin proposes. Ils offrent, y compris dans le cas aveugle, des performances tres satisfaisantes et une rapidite d'optimisation accrue.
Classification automatique de flux radiophoniques par Machines à Vecteurs de Support. (Automatic classification of broadcast audio streams with Support Vector Machines)

Nous presentons ici un systeme de classification audio parole/musique tirant parti des excellentes proprietes statistiques des Machines a Vecteurs de Support. Ce probleme pose les trois questions suivantes : comment exploiter efficacement les SVM, methode d'essence discriminatoire, sur un probleme a plus de deux classes, comment caracteriser un signal audio de maniere pertinente, et enfin comment traiter l'aspect temporel du probleme ? Nous proposons un systeme hybride de classification multi-classes tirant parti des approches un-contre-un et par dendogramme, et permettant l'estimation de probabilites a posteriori. Ces dernieres sont exploitees pour l'application de methodes de post-traitement prenant en compte les interdependances entre trames voisines. Nous proposons ainsi une methode de classification par l'application de Modeles de Markov Caches (HMM) sur les probabilites a posteriori, ainsi qu'une approche basee sur la detection de rupture entre segments au contenu acoustique "homogene". Par ailleurs, la caracterisation du signal audio etant operee par une grande collection des descripteurs audio, nous proposons de nouveaux algorithmes de selection de descripteurs bases sur le recent critere d'Alignement du noyau ; critere que nous avons egalement exploite pour la selection de noyau dans le processus de classification. Les algorithmes proposes sont compares aux methodes les plus efficaces de l'etat de l'art auxquelles elles constituent une alternative pertinente en termes de cout de calcul et de stockage. Le systeme construit sur ces contributions a fait l'objet d'une participation a la campagne d'evaluation ESTER 2, que nous presentons, accompagnee de nos resultats.
The perception of frequency peaks and troughs in wide frequency modulations. IV. Effects of modulation waveform.

This work extends previous studies on the perceptual asymmetry between the local maxima and minima of wide frequency modulations (FMs) [L. Demany and K. I. McAnally, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 96, 706-715 (1994); L. Demany and S. Clément, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 97, 2454-2459 (1995); L. Demany and S. Clément, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 98, 2515-2523 (1995)]. In experiment 1, subjects had to discriminate frequency shifts in the temporally central vertex of V- and A-shaped FMs imposed on 200-ms sinusoidal tone bursts. The precise shapes of these FMs varied in eight steps from quasi-triangles (with a durationless central vertex) to quasi-squares (with a long-duration central vertex). The central vertex was either a minimum or a maximum, but in each case the corresponding frequency was near 1000 Hz and the FM span was about 0.5 oct. For each FM shape, the discrimination threshold was lower when the vertex was a maximum than when it was a minimum, but (in four subjects out of five) this difference decreased monotonically as the FM became less and less triangular. FM shape had a remarkably small effect on the discrimination of the maxima, and the thresholds measured for the sharpest maxima were unexpectedly low. In subsequent experiments, subjects had to discriminate frequency shifts in the starting point or the final point of unidirectional FMs (tone glides) that spanned about 0.5 oct in 100 ms. The relevant frequency extremum was near 1000 Hz in each condition. At the final point of the glides, discrimination was better for rising glides than for falling glides. At the starting point of the glides, discrimination was better for falling glides than for rising glides. Thus discrimination was always better when the relevant frequency extremum was a maximum than when it was a minimum, and this effect was produced both "forward" and "backward. " The latter fact suggests that the perceptual asymmetry of FM originates at least partly from central factors.
Obeying Ministers or Laws? A Study of Danish Civil Servants' Responses to Illegal Requests

It is part of a civil servants job description to be responsive to its political leadership as well as to uphold legal norms. But what happens when the two types of demands conflict? When legal norms stipulate one thing, but political leaders want another. In modern de- mocracies, observing the rule of law is no less important than holding elections. Respect for legal norms by those who exercise government authority is widely regarded as the cornerstone of democracy and good governance. The question is what role the bureaucra- cy plays when it comes to defending legal norms vis-à-vis its political leaders. This article investigates this question theoretically as well as empirically. First by exploring the nor- mative and positive theoretical issues involved, and secondly by examining the institu- tional context and behavior of the civil service in the Danish state administration. The analysis draws on survey data where civil servants have been asked to respond to fictive scenarios that present a conflict between obedience to the minister and observing the law. A substantial share of the civil servants – up to 1⁄4 - choose to compromise legal obliga- tions to comply with Ministerial requests. The findings suggest that educational back- ground, position in the hierarchy, and work place and function matters. Lawyers, leaders, those who work in departments – as opposed to agencies – are thus less likely to show willingness to compromise their legal obligations than their colleagues are.