Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A tectonic synthesis of the Dun Mountain Ophiolite Belt

The Dun Mountain Ophiolite Belt (DMOB) is an Early-Permian ophiolite sequence exposed in the South Island of New Zealand. The ophiolite is overlain by the thick deep-marine sedimentary Maitai Group. The Alpine Fault divides the DMOB into two sections, one in Nelson and the other in Southland. The DMOB is divided into three different units based on lithology and geochemistry: the Livingstone Ophiolite, which is a typical ophiolite sequence dipping sub-vertically and facing west; the Otama Melange, a deformed ocean-floor assemblage with no ultramafics or serpentinites and a greater amount of felsic rocks than the other two units; and the Patuki Melange, a highly deformed ophiolite structurally beneath the Livingstone Ophiolite. The Livingstone Ophiolite has three phases of igneous activity. The first phase is represented by cumulates, massive gabbro, and extensive pillow lavas. It has a MORB-like geochemistry with a subtle above-subduction signature. The age of this phase is 277.6 ± 3.3 Ma using U /Pb in zircon. The second phase locally intrudes the first with dykes which are feeders for extensive non-pillowed lava flows of variable thickness. The age of the second phase (275.2 ± 5.4 Ma) cannot be distinguished from the first. The second phase has a stronger above-subduction geochemical signature than the first phase. The third phase comprises felsic and intermediate dykes that cut the first two phases and intrude into the sediments overlying the DMOB. This phase has not been directly dated but has the same geochemistry as the felsic rocks in the Otama Melange. The igneous rocks of the Otama Melange are 50% felsic and have an age of 269.3 ± 4.5 Ma. The mafic and felsic rocks from the Otama Melange have a strong above-subduction geochemistry, but are not typical of arcs. The Patuki Melange contains both MORB-like and OIB igneous rocks in a serpentinite matrix. The MORB-like Patuki Melange is similar to the first stage of igneous activity in the Livingstone Ophiolite. Sediment blocks within the Patuki Melange have been correlated with the Maitai Group, based on their petrology and detrital zircon age pattern. These sediments have a youngest detrital zircon age of Late Permian through to the Early Triassic. The Maitai Group sediment are distal in character within the
Application of spatial planning strategies to achieve sustainable transport systems in rapidly urbanizing cities : a study of Abuja, Nigeria

It has become increasingly clear that the level of road traffic in cities has created high levels of congestion with implications on man-hour, fuel loss and growing transport-related greenhouse gas emissions. Earlier studies have attributed these impacts to the legacy of the Modernist Planning/Master Planning paradigm which prevails in rapidly urbanizing cities in the global south region. While this strategic instrument is considered relevant and dominate the centre-stage of physical planning in most global south cities, earlier studies argue that it may have created the extensive spatial pattern which continues to produce unsustainable transport-related problems such as increases in commuter trips and greater distances between core-city employment areas and suburban residential areas. Implicit in the Modernist Planning approach is “predict and provide” engineering solutions which skew investments in transportation towards the building and expansion of roads for addressing traffic congestion challenges. It is widely argued that this situation create incentives that permit the ownership and use of private automobile vehicles at the expense of public transportation. This research investigates the contention that the prevailing Master Planning system in expanding cities of the global south region has fueled the growth of suburbia and car-dependent mobility patterns resulting in inefficiencies such as traffic congestion, the waste of human time and fuel, and emission of greenhouse gases (GHG). The study offers an alternative model that provides solutions to traffic-related and suburban sprawl impacts in expanding cities of the global south region. This alternative is based on a framework for the combination of spatial planning strategies of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), Transit Oriented Development (TOD), and congestion pricing to overcome the shortcomings of inefficient strategic planning tools and improve sustainable outcomes for global south cities.
Analysis of recharge conceptualization in inverse groundwater modelling

ABSTRACT This study presents a systematic illustration quantifying how misleading the calibration results of a groundwater simulation model can be when recharge rates are considered as the model parameters to be estimated by inverse modelling. Three approaches to recharge estimation are compared: autocalibration (Model 1), the empirical return coefficient method (Model 2), and distributed hydrological modelling using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool, SWAT (Model 3). The methodology was applied in the Dehloran Plain, western Iran, using the MODFLOW modular flow simulator and the PEST method for autocalibration. The results indicate that, although Model 1 performed the best in simulating water levels at observation wells in the calibration stage, it did not perform satisfactorily in real future scenarios. Model 3, with SWAT-based recharge rates, performed better than the other models in the validation stage. By not evaluating the model performance solely on calibration results, we demonstrate the relative significance of using more accurate recharge estimates when calibrating groundwater simulation models. EDITOR D. Koutsoyiannis; ASSOCIATE EDITOR M. Besbes
COVID-19 masks and limited number of shoppers as determinants of shop assistants’ (dis)honesty

Previous laboratory and field studies have demonstrated that the dishonesty of commercial transaction participants may depend on subtle cues. In this field study conducted on a sample of 216 shop assistants in Poland, we planned to demonstrate that coronavirus disease-related factors could result in an increased propensity for dishonesty among shop assistants. This investigation is unique in its application of social psychological theories to illuminate hitherto unexplored side effects of combating the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Our supposition was that the potential detriment encountered by individuals wearing solid surgical masks would involve being viewed as more abstract and remote, thereby heightening the likelihood of being deceived by a vendor. Moreover, we examined the potential relationship between the limited number of customers in retail establishments (related to pandemic restrictions) and the unscrupulous practices of sellers—specifically the act of retaining change. The effect of wearing masks was statistically non-significant, whereas the impact of other customers’ absence was significant. Moreover, unexpected results related to transaction parties’ genders were obtained, showing that shop assistants tended to be more honest when dealing with customers of the same gender. The results are discussed in the context of empathy toward masked customers, self-awareness theory, social norms of honesty, and identification with gender groups.
Expression of the cobalamin transporters cubam and MRP1 in the canine ileum–Upregulation in chronic inflammatory enteropathy

Chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CIE) in dogs, a spontaneous model of human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is associated with a high rate of cobalamin deficiency. The etiology of hypocobalaminemia in human IBD and canine CIE remains unknown, and compromised intestinal uptake of cobalamin resulting from ileal cobalamin receptor deficiency has been proposed as a possible cause. Here, we evaluated the intestinal expression of the cobalamin receptor subunits, amnionless (AMN) and cubilin (CUBN), and the basolateral efflux transporter multi-drug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) in 22 dogs with CIE in comparison to healthy dogs. Epithelial CUBN and AMN levels were quantified by confocal laser scanning microscopy using immunohistochemistry in endoscopic ileal biopsies from dogs with (i) CIE and normocobalaminemia, (ii) CIE and suboptimal serum cobalamin status, (iii) CIE and severe hypocobalaminemia, and (iv) healthy controls. CUBN and MRP1 expression was quantified by RT-qPCR. Receptor expression was evaluated for correlation with clinical patient data. Ileal mucosal protein levels of AMN and CUBN as well as mRNA levels of CUBN and MRP1 were significantly increased in dogs with CIE compared to healthy controls. Ileal cobalamin receptor expression was positively correlated with age, clinical disease activity index (CCECAI) score, and lacteal dilation in the ileum, inversely correlated with serum folate concentrations, but was not associated with serum cobalamin concentrations. Cobalamin receptor downregulation does not appear to be the primary cause of hypocobalaminemia in canine CIE. In dogs of older age with severe clinical signs and/or microscopic intestinal lesions, intestinal cobalamin receptor upregulation is proposed as a mechanism to compensate for CIE-associated hypocobalaminemia. These results support oral supplementation strategies in hypocobalaminemic CIE patients.
Nudging och mobility management för mer hållbart resande - Finns kopplingar och komplement?

The purpose of this study was to find out how nudging can be used in mobility management for sustainability adaptment of people's travel patterns, and examine if there is measures in mobility management that can be interpreted as nudging. This thesis performed a practical qualitative test in which a mobility management measure in the form of a “ride an electric bike to work” campaign was introduced with help of nudging techniques. The aim of this test was to get employees at Trivector to start commute to work more sustainably by riding electric bikes. In addition to this test this study was based on semi-structured interviews and focusgroups. The thesis test attracted much attention, curiosity and gave significant results to the study. The test provides potential for development for a more large-scale quantitative test in terms of improvement tips when implementing of a future test, however, this is beyond the scope of this essay timeframe. This study shows that nudging and mobility management overlap each other and that many mobility management measures containing more or less different nudging-techniques. Furthermore, this study conclude that nudging has a great potential to enrich almost the entire mobility management area. Nudging can help enriching, develop and streamline mobility management. However, there are nnnsome limitations such as today's norms which may restrain the effect of the study. Finally this study shows that studies of how nudging practical can enrich and supplement mobility management are needed, in order to decide which nudging techniques that are best suited to different mobility management measures. (Less)
Simulated and Actual Effects of the Brown Shrimp, Penaeus aztecus, Closure in Mexico

Simulations based on a yield-per-recruit model were performed to analyze the impact ofg rowth overfishing on brown shrimp, Penaeus aztecus, and to assess the effects of a closed season inshore and offshore of the Mexican States of Tamaulipas and Veracruz. Closure of both the inshore and offshore fisheries could enhance cohort yield by more than 300%. Cohon yield enhancement would be only about 60-80% if only the offshore season were closed. The closed season of 1993 gave better results as it covered a larger part of the brown shrimp peak recruitment period. Catch per unit of effort (CPUE) after closure in 1993, compared with 1994, was 2.4 times higher than the mean CPUE of the month. Total annual offshore yield increased 72% in 1993 (3,800 metric tons (t)) and 10% in 1994 (506 t) with respect to the mean annual offshore catch during the 10-year period prior to the 1993 closure. Simulation results could help identify alternatives that permit the coexistence of the inshore and offshore fisheries while maintaining high profitability of the brown shrimp fishery.
Assessment of molecular marker compounds as an index of the biodegradation of diesel fuel hydrocarbons in soil

The weathering of petroleum hydrocarbons in the soil environment is the sum of biological, physical and chemical processes. It is often difficult to clearly discern microbial from abiotic contributions to the overall process. This is especially important in assessing the effectiveness of various in-situ bioremediation technologies. We examined molecular marker compounds, including pristane, phytane, diterpenoid hydrocarbons, farnesane and norpristane, and the ratios n-C17/pristane and n-C18/phytane to evaluate their use as an index of biodegradation of diesel fuel in contaminated soil. The study was conducted using microcosms containing 200 g of contaminated soil. Microcosms were destructively sampled on days 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 14, 33 and 64 of the experiment. The soil was analyzed for straight-chained, branched-chained, and alicyclic petroleum hydrocarbons using high-resolution gas chromatography. Results indicate that by day 33 of the experiment, pristane and phytane were present at significantly greater concentrations than their corresponding n-alkanes and the other marker compounds analyzed. There is a strong correlation between the amount of pristane and phytane present in the soil and the amount of total extractable petroleum hydrocarbons (TEPH) measured during the course of the experiment.
Crop residue management to save organic carbon in European agricultural soils

Agricultural land has a high potential for carbon sequestration and quantification of emissions versus burial of C is a high priority (Lal, 2004). Shifting from conventional to carbon-friendly land cultivation preferring reduced or minimum tillage systems was suggested as a measure to decrease GHG emissions and promote SOC sequestration. Large-scale implementations of biophysical models are increasingly used to quantify impacts of crop management strategies in agricultural sector (e.g., van der Velde et al. 2009). In this study we use an European implementation of the Environmental Policy Integrated Climate model (EPIC, Williams 1995) with the use of coarse resolution data that are available at European scale to evaluate impacts of reduced opposed to conventional tillage on the SOC stocks under a winter wheat production system. The two tillage systems imply different crop residue management (CRM) as they differ in their effectiveness in mixing crop residues into soil. We focus on changes in topsoil SOC stocks and soil erosion. Juraj Balkovič & Marijn van der Velde
Corporate diversification, firm productivity and resource allocation decisions: The data envelopment analysis approach

Abstract Corporate diversification has been an important research topic in the field of business administration. Although it is regarded as an essential strategy for firms, its relationship with firm performance seems inconclusive in the literature. To fill this gap, our study uses data envelopment analysis (DEA) to develop models that help diversified firms more accurately calculate productivity at both the firm and its business segment levels, and then reallocate resources among business segments in order to achieve better firm overall performance. We empirically test the models using a sample of U.S. public firms for a period of 2012–2016. The results show that in comparison with two conventional DEA models, our model provides more useful productivity expression for diversified firms, and that the model-suggested resource reallocation is linked to better firm performance.
Subduction-related Late Cretaceous high-K volcanism in the Central Pontides orogenic belt: constraints on geodynamic implications

Mineral chemistry, major and trace elements, 40Ar/39Ar age and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic data are presented for the Late Cretaceous Hamsilos volcanic rocks in the Central Pontides, Turkey. The Hamsilos volcanic rocks mainly consist of basalt, andesite and associated pyroclastics (volcanic breccia, vitric tuff and crystal tuff). They display shoshonitic and high-K calc-alkaline affinities. The shoshonitic rocks contain plagioclase, clinopyroxene, alkali feldspar, phlogopite, analcime, sanidine, olivine, apatite and titanomagnetite, whereas the high-K calc-alkaline rocks contain plagioclase, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, magnetite / titanomagnetite in microgranular porphyritic, hyalo-microlitic porphyritic and glomeroporphyritic matrix. Mineral chemistry data reveal that the pressure condition of the clinopyroxene crystallisation for the shoshonitic rocks are between 1.4 and 6.3 kbar corresponds to 6–18-km depth and the high-K calc-alkaline rocks are between 5 and 12 km. 40Ar/39Ar age data changing between 72 ± . 5 Ma and 79.0 ± . 3 Ma (Campanian) were determined for the Late Cretaceous Hamsilos volcanic rocks, contemporaneous with the subduction of the Neo-Tethyan Ocean beneath the Pontides. The studied volcanic rocks were enriched in the large-ion lithophile and light rare earth element contents, with pronounced depletion in the contents of high-field-strength elements. Chondrite-normalised rare earth element patterns (LaN/LuN = 6–17) show low to medium enrichment, indicating similar sources of the rock suite. Initial 87Sr/86Sr values vary between . 70615 and . 70796, whereas initial 143Nd/144Nd values change between . 51228 and . 51249. Initial 206Pb/204Pb values vary between 18.001 and 18.349, 207Pb/204Pb values between 15.611 and 15.629 and 208Pb/204Pb values between 37.839 and 38.427. The main solidification processes involved in the evolution of the volcanic rocks consist of fractional crystallisation, with minor amounts of crustal contamination ± magma mixing. According to geochemical evidence, the shoshonitic melts in the Hamsilos volcanic rocks were possibly derived from the low degree of partial melting of a subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM), while the high-K calc-alkaline melts were derived from relatively high degree of partial melting of SCLM that was enriched by fluids and/or sediments from a subduction of oceanic crust.
Improving Visual Search Results

— This paper introduces a new method to improve visual search results and understand structured data. While many online resources teach basics of web development, few of them are designed to help novices learn the web development concepts and design patterns used by experts to implement complex visual features. Professional web pages embed these design patterns and could serve as rich learning materials, but their metadata are complex and difficult for novices to understand. This paper presents Metadata.py*, a Metadata inspection tool that helps novices use their visual intuition to make sense of professional web pages/sites. We introduce a new visual relevance testing technique to identify properties that have visual search results, which Metadata.py uses to hide visually irrelevant code and surface unintuitive relationships between properties. In user studies, Metadata.py helped novice developers replicate complex web features 75% faster than those using Chrome Developer Tool and allowed novices to recognize and explain unfamiliar concepts. These results show that visual inspection tools can support learning from complex professional web pages, even for novice developers.
Marketingová strategie destinace cestovního ruchu

The aim of this thesis is to create a marketing strategy for a tourism destination - Malta, focusing on the source market the Czech Republic. The work is divided into three parts: theoretical, practical and the project. The theoretical part is based on expert literature and defines basic concepts which are used in the practical part: tourism and its importance, tourism advantages and disadvantages, tourism sustainability, types of tourism. Further, the concept of tourism destination is defined and various types of destinations are presented, destination marketing management is described included marketing mix and strategic marketing. Methodology of marketing research is introduced at the end of the first part. The practical part is an introduction to the Maltese Islands with a brief look at history of Malta. The introduction of Malta Tourism Authority follows presenting its marketing and PR activities. Furthermore, trends in the tourism market are mentioned with analysis of destination supply and visitors profile in 2011. There is also a set of reasons for visiting the destination assembled by experts and visitors. The data were taken out fromsome Maltese theses. The SWOT analysis was carried out. The rest of the practical part is devoted to the analysis of marketing activities of the Czech representation of Malta Tourism Authority. Finally, structured interviews with experts in tourism, travel agencies and leading representatives of Malta Tourism Authority of Malta and the Czech Republic were accomplished. The project is devoted to the design of new communication strategy for the tourist destination Malta specifically for the Czech market. Recommendations for the Czech representation of Malta Tourism Authority which must be met to make a newly designed communication strategy work are also included
Newly synthesized pyrimidine compound as CO2 corrosion inhibitor for steel in highly aggressive simulated oilfield brine

Abstract A newly synthesized pyrimidine–based compound, 5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2,7-dithioxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydropyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidin-4(1H)-one (PP), was evaluated as a promising inhibitor for the CO2 corrosion of API X60 steel in NACE 1D196 brine solution. Under rotation speed of 1000 rpm, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) were complemented with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Attenuated total reflectance infrared (ATR-IR) techniques to assess the corrosion inhibition performance. PP provided inhibition efficiency up to 90% at 20 ppm. It adsorbs on the Fe (110) phase on the steel using its heteroatoms and aromatic rings. Its adsorption greatly reduces the steel surface pitting corrosion.
A generalized equation for the resonance frequencies of a fluid-filled crack

Although a model of the resonance of a rectangular fluid-filled crack (crack model; Chouet, 1986, JGR) is one of the most frequently used source models of long-period (LP) seismic events at volcanoes, there has been no analytical solution for the resonance frequencies. We previously proposed an empirical expression for the resonance frequencies (Maeda and Kumagai, 2013, GRL): fm = (m 1)a/{2Lx[1 + 2εmCx] }, (1) where a is the sound velocity of the fluid, Lx is the crack length along the wave propagation direction, m is the mode number defined such that the wavelength is 2Lx/m, Cx is the crack stiffness, and εm is an empirical constant that depends on the crack aspect ratio χand oscillation mode m. Although eq. (1) can potentially be used to compute the resonance frequencies easily, the requirement to determine the value of εm numerically for each crack aspect ratio and oscillation mode has prevented widespread use of the equation for interpretations of LP events at volcanoes.