Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Planar waveguide with “twisted” boundary conditions: Small width

We consider a planar waveguide with “twisted” boundary conditions. By twisting we mean a special combination of Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions. Assuming that the width of the waveguide goes to zero, we identify the effective (limiting) operator as the width of the waveguide tends to zero, establishes the uniform resolvent convergence in various possible operator norms, and gives the estimates for the rates of convergence. We show that studying the resolvent convergence can be treated as a certain threshold effect and we present an elegant technique which justifies such point of view.
Cytokine-induced Neurogenesis for Alzheimer's Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia

: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are two major causes of dementia. These diseases are both progressive neurodegenerative diseases whereas no curative treatment has not yet been established. Regenerative approaches have been extensively researched for AD and FTD, but they are still in early phase of pre-clinical trials. We show here, for the first time, that cytokines such as hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF), insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), and progranulin (PGRN) can induce the neurogenesis of GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons in cerebral cortex and hippocampi of AD and FTD patients. We also showed the evidence, for the first time, that the atrophied hippocampi were significantly regenerated by cytokine-induced neurogenesis in AD and FTD patients, which was confirmed by MRI study and neurophysiological evaluations. We therefore explored the potentiality of cytokine cocktail treatment for AD and FTD and showed that cytokine-induced neurogenesis is a novel promising strategy to cure AD and FTD.
Quadratic BSDEs with rough drivers and $L^2$--terminal condition

In this paper, we study the existence and uniqueness of solutions to quadratic Backward Stochastic Differential Equations (QBSDEs for short) with rough driver and square integrable terminal condition. The main idea consists in using both Doss-Sussman and Zvonkin type transformations. As an application we study connection between QBSDEs and quadratic PDEs with rough drivers. We also obtain Backward Doubly SDEs and QBSDEs driven by Fractional Brownian with Hurst parameter greater than $\frac{1}{4}$ as particular cases of our QBSDEs with rough drivers. A probabilistic representation of a class of rough quadratic PDE is also proved.
Orientation effects on spectral emission features of quasars

We present an analysis of the orientation effects in SDSS quasar composite spectra. In a previous work we have shown that the equivalent width EW of the [OIII] {\lambda}5008{\AA} line is a reliable indicator of the inclination of the accretion disk. Here, we have selected a sample of ~15,000 quasars from the SDSS 7th Data Release and divided it in sub-samples with different values of EW([OIII]). We find inclination effects both on broad and narrow quasars emission lines, among which an increasing broadening from low to high EW for the broad lines and a decreasing importance of the blue component for the narrow lines. These effects are naturally explained with a variation of source inclination from nearly face-on to edge-on, confirming the goodness of EW([OIII]) as an orientation indicator. Moreover, we suggest that orientation effects could explain, at least partially, the origin of the anticorrelation between [OIII] and FeII intensities, i.e. the well known Eigenvector 1.
Physical Properties of Weak Mg II Absorbers at z ~ 2

We present the results of photoionization modeling of nine weak Mg II (Wr < 0.3 Å) quasar absorption-line systems with redshifts 1.4 < z < 2.4 obtained with the Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph on the Very Large Telescope. These systems have been chosen because they provide access to a regime of redshift space that previous weak Mg II studies have not looked at. The densities, metallicities, Doppler parameters, and column densities of these systems are compared to those of other weak Mg II systems at lower redshift. There is no significant statistical variation in the properties of the absorbers over the redshift range 0.4 < z < 2.4. The number density per unit redshift is known to decrease for weak Mg II absorbers between z ~ 1 and 2 by a greater amount than predicted from cosmological effects and changes in the extragalactic ionizing background alone. We suggest that, because the physical properties of the absorber population are not seen to change significantly across this range, the evolution in dN/dz is due to a decrease in the activity that gives rise to weak Mg II absorption, and not due to a change in the processes that form weak Mg II absorbers. The presence of separate, but aligned (in velocity) low- and high-density clouds in all single-cloud weak Mg II absorbers provides an important diagnostic of their geometry. We discuss possible origins in dwarf galaxies and in extragalactic analogs to high-velocity clouds.
The Optimal Distributed Weighted Least-Squares Estimation in Finite Steps for Networked Systems

This brief investigates the distributed state estimation problem for networked systems. Based on the coupled measurements and information exchanged with neighboring nodes, we propose a distributed estimation algorithm for each node to obtain the state estimate, which is equivalent to the centralized weighted least-squares (WLS) one. When the communication network of the system consists of an acyclic graph, the distributed state estimation algorithm converges in finite iterations. Then we demonstrate that the size of the abstract graph determines the number of iterations. Furthermore, we propose an algorithm for detecting false data attacks by distributed calculation. Finally, the numerical results verify the effectiveness of developed algorithms.
Antiproliferative Effect of Clitoria ternatea Ethanolic Extract against Colorectal, Breast, and Medullary Thyroid Cancer Cell Lines

Clitoria ternatea is a native plant with medicinal and nutritive significance in Asia. The goal of this work was to examine the antiproliferative role of Clitoria ternatea against colorectal (HCT116), breast (MCF-7), and thyroid (TT) cancer cell lines at cellular and molecular levels. A phytochemical analysis, the cytotoxic effect, an apoptotic induction cell cycle analysis, and the expression level of GAX, DIABLO, and NAIP1 genes were assessed. The plant extract exhibited a clear cytotoxic action against the utilized cancer cell lines via a low IC50, foremost by means of cell cycle arrest at the pre-G0, G1, and S phases associated with an apoptotic induction. An apparent raise in the mRNA levels of GAX and DIABLO and a concomitant decrease in the NAIP1 mRNA level were observed in the used cancer cells treated with the IC50 of the plant extract. This study concluded that an ethanolic extract of Clitoria ternatea induced apoptotic cell death, suggesting that it could possibly be utilized as a new source of an apoptosis-inducing anticancer agent for colon, breast, and medullary thyroid cancer cell line treatments with further detailed studies.
Sandstone Provenance Study in Wonosegoro, Boyolali Regency, Central Java

Wonosegoro is part of western Kendeng Zone, the depocenter of North East Java Basin that is mainly filled with thick pelagic and volcaniclastic sediments. Sandstones lithofacies is presence within the research area and may act as a useful tool to reach the aim of this research, which is to determine the provenance. The research has conducted field observation, petrographic analysis on seven thin sections of sandstones from the field, and bathymetry interpretation from benthic foraminifera. Overall, the sandstones are predominantly composed of lithic components (72.73%-88.05%) and significant matrix (25%-50%), thus classified as lithic greywacke. The combination of quartz-feldspar-lithic (QFL) and the heavy minerals composition suggest that the sandstone provenance in research area is a product of Oligo-Miocene volcanic of southern mountain range.
Clinical manifestations of keratitis and corneal ulcers in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a retrospective analysis

eyes. Severe corneal lesions (ulcers or keratoscleromalacia) were found in 63 (41.2%) eyes. Of the 82 RA patients with corneal lesions of the current study, 39 (47.6%) did not receive basic therapy for RA, and exhibited the most severe corneal lesions. Conclusion: Patients with RA need to be systematically seen by an ophthalmologist and a rheumatologist. The absence of treatment with basic therapy for RA can cause ocular complications. A patient with RA needs to be treated for any corneal lesion at a tertiary care center where a required surgical procedure can be timely performed. The success of treatment for corneal lesions in a RA patient requires a set of treatment measures, and adequate basic therapy for RA is a necessary component of this set.
1/4 BPS string junctions and N 3 problem in 6-dimensional (2,0) superconformal theories

We explore 1/4 BPS objects in the Coulomb phase of the ADE-type 6-dim (2,0) superconformal theories. By using the previous work on the junctions of strings in 5-dim gauge theories and 6-dim superconformal theories, we count the number of 1/4 BPS objects, which are made of waves on selfdual strings and junctions of selfdual strings and show that for all cases the number matches exactly one third of the anomaly constant $c_G=d_G h_G$ which is the product of dimension $d_G$ and dual Coxeter number $h_G$. This suggests the long sought after $N^3$ degrees of freedom are these 1/4 BPS objects at least in the Coulomb phase.
MLSA-UNet: End-to-End Multi-Level Spatial Attention Guided UNet for Industrial Defect Segmentation

Defect segmentation from 2D images plays a critical role in industrial product quality assessment. In practice, it is common that there are sufficient normal (defect-free) images but a very limited number of anomalous (defective) images. The existing works proposed several UNet variants (e.g., CAM-UNet) by incorporating normal images into the training process to improve the defect segmentation performance. In this paper, we propose Multi-Level Spatial Attention UNet (MLSA-UNet) to address the industrial defect segmentation task. MLSA-UNet is trained in an end-to-end manner to simultaneously classify normal/anomalous images and segment out defective regions from anomalous images. The classification process is conducted by Spatial Attention Learning Module (SALM) to generate multi-level spatial attention maps which are exploited by Spatial Attention Guided Decoding Module (SADM) to provide the guidance in the decoding process of UNet. Extensive experiments on MVTec AD dataset demonstrate the superiority of the proposed MLSA-UNet over multiple state-of-the-art UNet variants on defect segmentation.
V819 TAU: A RARE WEAK-LINED T TAURI STAR WITH A WEAK INFRARED EXCESS

We use Spitzer data to infer that the small infrared excess of V819 Tau, a weak-lined T Tauri star in Taurus, is real and not attributable to a “companion” 10″ to the south. We do not confirm the mid-infrared excess in HBC 427 and V410 X-ray 3, which are also non-accreting T Tauri stars in the same region; instead, for the former object, the excess arises from a red companion 9″ to the east. A single-temperature blackbody fit to the continuum excess of V819 Tau implies a dust temperature of 143 K; however, a better fit is achieved when the weak 10 and 20 μm silicate emission features are also included. We infer a disk of sub-μm silicate grains between about 1 AU and several 100 AU with a constant surface density distribution. The mid-infrared excess of V819 Tau can be successfully modeled with dust composed mostly of small amorphous olivine grains at a temperature of 85 K, and most of the excess emission is optically thin. The disk could still be primordial, but gas-poor and therefore short-lived, or already at the debris disk stage, which would make it one of the youngest debris disk systems known.
A 96-Channel 40nm CMOS Potentiostat for Parallel Experiments on Microbial Electrochemical Systems

Monitoring microbial electrochemical processes in a time- and cost- efficient manner requires multi-channel potentiostats with the capability to control each channel towards a unique targeted potential. State-of-the-art (SotA) PCB potentiostats cannot perform high-frequency analysis due to their limited bandwidth. Existing integrated CMOS potentiostats on the other hand enable higher sensing channel density with a high bandwidth, yet are still limited in the number of parallel stimulation channels. The presented 40nm CMOS potentiostat chip overcomes this bottleneck with 96 individually controllable stimulation and sensing channels with a wide 12 pA $- 137\,\,\mu \text{A}$ current range and up to 3 MHz bandwidth. The architecture is optimized for area-efficiency and includes a digital feedback controller integrated on-chip, supporting multi-functional electrochemical analysis techniques. Fully parallel operation is demonstrated for a (bio-)electrochemical measurement.
NOTES ON THE COMPLEXITY OF 3-VALENT GRAPHS IN 3-MANIFOLDS

A theory of complexity for pairs (M, G) with M an arbitrary closed 3-manifold and G ⊂ M a 3-valent graph was introduced by the first two named authors, extending the original notion due to Matveev. The complexity c is known to be always additive under connected sum away from the graphs, but not always under connected sum along (unknotted) arcs of the graphs. In this article, we prove the slightly surprising fact that if in M there is a sphere intersecting G transversely at one point, and this point belongs to an edge e of G, then e can be canceled from G without affecting the complexity. Using this fact we completely characterize the circumstances under which complexity is additive under connected sum along graphs. For the set of pairs (M, K) with K ⊂ M a knot, we also prove that any function that is fully additive under connected sum along knots is actually a function of the ambient manifold only.
Integrable strings for AdS/CFT

In this thesis we discuss certain models that arise in string theory, motivated by the AdS/CFT correspondence. For these models there exists a notion of “quantum Integrability”. Although this term is very broad, for us it will be used in the sense of factorisation of scattering for models in 1+1 dimensions. In particular, a process involving N incoming particles will always produce N outgoing particles—particle production and annihilation are not allowed—and the set of momenta will be just reshuffled after scattering. Moreover, an N -> N process will be factorised and rewritten as a sequence of simpler 2 -> 2 processes. The consistency condition for this factorisation is called the Yang-Baxter equation. The background fields that we have derived are NOT compatible with the Bianchi identities and the equations of motion of type IIB supergravity. At this point two scenarios are possible: the first one is that the _-deformed model is just not a type IIB superstring theory; the second one is that there exist further redefinitions of the bosonic and fermionic fields, such that the form of the action as well as the couplings to metric and B-field remain invariant, while the couplings to the Ramond-Ramond fields are modified in such a way that the new answer is compatible with the equations of motion of IIB supergravity. We elaborate on this possibility, and we note that our result reproduces a genuine type IIB background—known as Maldacena-Russo—when a special limit of the deformed action is taken.
The beaming effect and γ-ray emission for Fermi blazars

We study the γ-ray luminosity and beaming effect for Fermi blazars. Our results are as follows. (i) There are significant correlations between γ-ray luminosity and radio core luminosity, and between γ-ray luminosity and Rv, which suggests that the γ-ray emissions have a strong beaming effect. (ii) Using the Lext/Mabs as an indicator of environment effects, we find that there is no significant correlation between γ-ray luminosity and Lext/Mabs for all sources when we remove the effect of redshift. Flat spectrum radio quasars considered alone also do not show a significant correlation, but BL Lacertae objects (BL Lacs) still show a significant correlation when we remove the effect of redshift. These results suggest that the γ-ray emission may be affected by the environment on a kiloparsec scale for BL Lacs.
Toric Representation and Positive Cone of Picard Group and Deformation Space in Mirror Symmetry of Calabi-Yau Hypersurfaces in Toric Varieties

We derive the combinatorial representations of Picard group and deformation space of anti-canonical hypersurfaces of a toric variety using techniques in toric geometry. The mirror cohomology correspondence in the context of mirror symmetry is established for a pair of Calabi-Yau (CY) ${\sf n}$-spaces in toric varieties defined by reflexive polytopes for an arbitrary dimension ${\sf n}$. We further identify the Kahler cone of the toric variety and degeneration cone of CY hypersurfaces, by which the Kahler cone and degeneration cone for a mirror CY pair are interchangeable under mirror symmetry. In particular, different degeneration cones of a CY 3-fold are corresponding to flops of its mirror 3-fold.
Carbon Abundances of Metal-Poor Stars Determined from the C I 1.068–1.069 μm Lines

A non-LTE analysis of C I lines at 1.068-1.069 micron was carried out for selected 46 halo/disk stars covering a wide metallicity range (-3.7 <[Fe/H]< +0.3), based on the spectral data collected with IRCS+AO188 of the Subaru Telescope, in order to examine whether and how these strong neutral carbon lines of multiplet 1 can be exploited for establishing stellar carbon abundances, especially for very metal-poor stars where CH molecular lines have been commonly used. These C I lines were confirmed to be clearly visible for all stars down to [Fe/H] ~ -3.7, from which C abundances could be successfully determined. The resulting [C/Fe] vs. [Fe/H] diagram revealed almost the same trend established from previous studies. When the results for individual stars are compared with the published data collected from various literature, while a reasonable agreement is seen as a whole, a tendency is observed that our abundances are appreciably higher than those from CH lines especially for very metal-poor giants of low gravity. Since the abundances of these C I lines are subject to rather large non-LTE corrections (typically by several tenths dex) whose importance progressively grows as the metallicity is lowered, attention should be paid to how the collisional rates (especially due to neutral hydrogen) are treated in non-LTE calculations.
Equivariant Fields in an $SU({\cal N})$ Gauge Theory with new Spontaneously Generated Fuzzy Extra Dimensions

We find new spontaneously generated fuzzy extra dimensions emerging from a certain deformation of N = 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills (SYM) theory with cubic soft supersymmetry breaking and mass deformation terms. First, we determine a particular four dimensional fuzzy vacuum that may be expressed in terms of a direct sum of product of two fuzzy spheres, and denote it in short as S Int F × S Int F . The direct sum structure of the vacuum is clearly revealed by a suitable splitting of the scalar fields in the model in a manner that generalizes our approach in [1]. Fluctuations around this vacuum have the structure of gauge fields over S Int F × S Int F , and this enables us to conjecture the spontaneous broken model as an effective U(n) (n < N ) gauge theory on the product manifold M × S Int F × S Int F . We support this interpretation by examining the U(4) theory and determining all of the SU(2) × SU(2) equivariant fields in the model, characterizing its low energy degrees of freedom. Monopole sectors with winding numbers (±1, 0), (0,±1), (±1,±1) are accessed from S Int F × S Int F after suitable projections and subsequently equivariant fields in these sectors are obtained. We indicate how Abelian Higgs type models with vortex solutions emerge after dimensionally reducing over the fuzzy monopole sectors as well. A family of fuzzy vacua is determined by giving a systematic treatment for the splitting of the scalar fields and it is made manifest that suitable projections of these vacuum solutions yield all higher winding number fuzzy monopole sectors. We observe that the vacuum configuration S Int F × S Int F identifies with the bosonic part of the product of two fuzzy superspheres with OSP (2, 2) × OSP (2, 2) supersymmetry and elaborate on this unexpected and intriguing feature.
A constant step Forward-Backward algorithm involving random maximal monotone operators

A stochastic Forward-Backward algorithm with a constant step is studied. At each time step, this algorithm involves an independent copy of a couple of random maximal monotone operators. Defining a mean operator as a selection integral, the differential inclusion built from the sum of the two mean operators is considered. As a first result, it is shown that the interpolated process obtained from the iterates converges narrowly in the small step regime to the solution of this differential inclusion. In order to control the long term behavior of the iterates, a stability result is needed in addition. To this end, the sequence of the iterates is seen as a homogeneous Feller Markov chain whose transition kernel is parameterized by the algorithm step size. The cluster points of the Markov chains invariant measures in the small step regime are invariant for the semiflow induced by the differential inclusion. Conclusions regarding the long run behavior of the iterates for small steps are drawn. It is shown that when the sum of the mean operators is demipositive, the probabilities that the iterates are away from the set of zeros of this sum are small in Cesaro mean. The ergodic behavior of these iterates is studied as well. Applications of the proposed algorithm are considered. In particular, a detailed analysis of the random proximal gradient algorithm with constant step is performed.
Lightweight, secure, efficient, and dynamic scheme for mutual authentication of devices in Internet‐of‐Things‐Fog environment

Security is a major challenge in the design and implementation of Internet‐of‐Things (IoT)‐Fog networks and it can be resolved by an efficient authentication mechanism. As the devices have limited resources like battery, processor and memory, any mechanism designed for IoT‐Fog has to be resource aware. In this paper, we proposed a lightweight, secure, dynamic, and efficient scheme for mutual authentication of devices in IoT‐Fog networks. In the proposed scheme, the devices obtain a primary security value from the cloud server and this acquired primary security value is used to authenticate them mutually. We used XOR operation, concatenation operation, one‐way hash function and symmetric key cryptography to accommodate resource constraint nature of devices. The proposed scheme has been analyzed for security formally using BAN logic and automated using Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications & ProVerif tools and it is proved that the proposed scheme is secure from the known attacks. The comparative analysis of the proposed scheme with the existing schemes proved that it is better than existing schemes and its experimental analysis showed that it consumes 20%–30% less energy compared to existing schemes. Our proposed scheme is better with reference to security and efficient in respect of computation, communication, and storage overheads.
The spectral norm of a Horadam circulant matrix

Let $a$, $b$, $p$, $q$ be integers and~$(h_n)$ defined by $h_0=a$, $h_1=b$, $h_n=ph_{n-1}+qh_{n-2}$, $n=2,3,\dots$. Complementing to certain previously known results, we study the spectral norm of the circulant matrix corresponding to $h_0,\dots,h_{n-1}$.