Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ZnO varistors for protection against nuclear electromagnetic pulses

The use of ZnO‐based metal‐oxide‐varistor materials in a transient protection device for communications circuits against the effects of nuclear electromagnetic pulses (NEMP) is discussed. The guidelines for such devices call for subnanosecond response time to NEMP and an insertion loss of less than 0.4 dB at 100 MHz. We have measured the response of varistor materials to ∼500‐ps rise time pulses of various amplitudes and durations. No varistor ’’turn on’’ time is evident in these data indicating that the initiation of the highly nonlinear conduction process takes place in less than 5×10−10 s. The insertion loss is calculated from the known high‐frequency electrical properties and found to agree quite closely with the experimentally determined value of 0.1 dB at 100 MHz for varistor chips of cross section 0.025×0.025 cm and thickness 0.01 cm. A packaging configuration for these chips is also described. We conclude that ZnO varistors have application in an NEMP protective device.
Transmission voltage recovery delayed by stalled air conditioner compressors

Southern California Edison Company (SCE) has experienced delayed voltage recovery following fault clearing on the transmission system. The authors describe these occurrences and document the studies which successfully modeled the voltage recovery process. The studies showed how the stalling of single-phase air conditioner compressors following a power system fault was the root cause of delayed voltage recovery. Tests of air conditioner response to voltage dips are documented. The results of these tests are used to derive the mathematical load models used in voltage recovery studies. >
Sequence-to-customer goal with stochastic demands for a mixed-model assembly line

A mixed-model assembly line comprises a set of workstations in serial and a conveyor moving at a constant speed, which can assemble variety products in different models during a working shift or a working day. Initial-units that belong to different models are successively fed onto the conveyor at a given cycle time length to get into the assembling operations as semi-products. The conveyor moves semi-products to pass through the workstations gradually to complete the assembling operations for generating finished products. A set of warehouses stores finished products, and each model has a specified warehouse. Customers arrive at the warehouses to demand finished products with stochastic demand forms. A daily scheduling task is the determination of the sequence that specifies the feeding order of the models, which must be set out at the beginning of each day. This paper deals with a new goal, ‘sequence-to-customer’, with stochastic customer demands. An optimization problem is formulated with the objective of minimizing the system cost that includes the holding cost for finished products and the penalty cost for backordered customers during a decision horizon. A lower bound of the system cost is found, which is useful in verifying the optimality of any solution. A heuristic algorithm is proposed to solve the optimization problem, which can obtain optimal solutions or near-optimal solutions with almost ignorable relative errors to optimal solutions. By using the algorithm, the behaviour of the system cost with respect to the variation in customer demands is also investigated to provide insights into management of a mixed-model assembly line.
Enclosure Effect on Microwave Power Amplifier

The package design for microwave sub-systems requires adequate knowledge of electromagnetic field distribution inside the package housing. The cavity resonance of the microwave amplifier not only degrades the electrical performance, the feedback through the resonance mode also can cause unwanted oscillation in the frequency band of interest. It may even result in catastrophic failure of the device, wherein the peak oscillating voltage exceeds the device breakdown voltage. Hence, comprehensive analysis of the package effects is one of the prime requirements for stable microwave amplifier design for highrel applications. This paper describes modeling, analysis of the package and different mitigation techniques used to make stable, resonance free microwave amplifier for a C-band spaceborne SAR payload. Received 26 November 2010, Accepted 20 January 2011, Scheduled 27 January 2011 Corresponding author: Jolly Dhar (jolly@sac.isro.gov.in).
A model of stoppings on urban bus routes

The amount of time required to pick up and discharge passengers is an important issue in the planning and modeling of urban bus systems. Several past studies have employed models of this component of bus travel time which are based, in part, on a model of the number of stoppings the bus makes to pick up or discharge passengers. Most past versions of this model have assumed that expected demand does not vary from stop to stop or from trip to trip, but that the number of passengers demanding service at any given stop during any given trip follows a Poisson distribution. An alternative model is derived, based on the assumption that expected demand varies among stops and times of day but is fixed from day to day at any given stop and time of day. Boarding and alighting survey data are used to verify that the “average-demand” Poisson model consistently overestimates the number of stoppings and to calibrate an approximate version of the alternative model. A stop-spacing optimization model previously developed by Kikuchi and Vuchic is reevaluated using the alternative stopping model in place of the average demand model used in the original version. The results are found to be considerably different, thus indicating that transit route optimization models are sensitive to the way in which stopping processes are modeled.
Earthquake resistant design of concentrically braced steel frames

New provisions of the CSA standard for steel structures (CAN/CSA-S16.1-M89) dealing with detailing of concentrically braced frames for seismic design are described and related to requirements of the National Building Code of Canada. The basis of the new requirements is outlined, and an example eight-storey frame is used to outline a methodology for the design process for a ductile braced frame and to illustrate the impact of the provisions. Key words: design, structural engineering, steel, earthquakes, braced frame, standards.
SOIL NITROGEN CONCENTRATIONS UNDER BROILER HOUSES

Soil nitrogen concentrations beneath the floors of 30 poultry houses were compared to evaluate factors which would correlate with the relative concentrations. Three soil borings, 1.5 m deep, inside of the houses were taken during both fall and spring conditions of soil moisture. Samples were analyzed for ammonia, nitrate, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, and moisture content and results were reported as mg N per kg of dry soil. The overall mean values for each house were calculated for each floor type: loose soil, compacted soil, and concrete with polyethylene. The average nitrate concentrations were 245, 263, and 14 mg NO3-N/kg of dry soil, respectively. Other factors that related to a significant difference in nitrogen concentrations were age of the house and topography of the site. Factors not related to nitrogen variations in this study were drainage characteristics of the site, litter age, and depth to water table.
Survey of Milk Quality on United States Dairy Farms Utilizing Automatic Milking Systems

Milk quality parameters were recorded for United States dairy farms utilizing automatic milking (AM) from August 2000 to June 2003. Additional farms were admitted to the study as they began operation so that the full data set includes 12 AM farms. Somatic cell count (SCC) and total bacterial count (TBC) data was analyzed and compared to corresponding data from conventional farms in Wisconsin as well as data from European AM installations. The geometric mean SCC was 267,670 cells/ml and geometric mean TBC was 13,283 cfu/ml for all U.S. AM farm data collected. The study featured two primary objectives. The first was to assess seasonal variations in milk quality on AM and conventional farms. The second was to assess changes in the quality of milk from AM installations as the amount of time the system had been in operation increased. A clear and significant seasonal effect was evident for the SCC data, with higher values observed during the summer months (July, August, and September). There was no significant difference in SCC between AM farms and conventional farms. There was slight evidence of a seasonal effect on TBC. TBC of milk from AM farms was found to be lower than that from conventional farms. There is some evidence that both SCC and TBC decrease as the amount of time a farm utilizing AM increases.
Multi-frequency and multi-layer frequency selective surface analysis using modal decomposition equivalent circuit method

A new modal decomposition equivalent circuit method has been proposed for an analysis of multi-frequency and multi-layer frequency selective structure (FSS). The present paper is an extension of the previously published work where it has been shown that the method is valid for ‘thin’ and ‘thick’ FSS both for angles of incidence up to 60° and for any lattices and potentially allows the synthesis of FSS by the optimisation of circuit parameters. Further investigation has shown the methods validity for the analysis of complex FSS geometries. The method has been successfully applied for the analysis of double-ring slot FSS, ‘A-sandwich’ structures and so on. A very good agreement in comparison with the computational electromagnetic software and rigorous methods such as a periodic method of moments has been obtained.
Dielectric Constant and Relaxation Time of Asphalt Pavement Materials

The static dielectric constant and relaxation time of two asphalt aggregate mixes commonly used as the bearing and wearing courses of asphalt pavements are measured in the frequency range of 0.1 MHz to 1.5 GHz. The measurement is conducted on 70 laboratory-prepared asphalt aggregate specimens using a custom-designed complex permittivity measurement system. The results in the frequency range of 10 MHz and 1.5 GHz indicate that, under dry conditions, the static dielectric constant of the asphalt pavement materials tested is in the range of 5 – 6, whereas the relaxation time is in the range of 100 – 400 picoseconds. The results show that within the range of field applications the static dielectric constant and relaxation time of asphalt pavement materials are independent of the mix type, density, and asphalt cement content. The moisture content is the predominant parameter controlling both the dielectric constant and relaxation time. When the moisture content of the asphalt samples increases above a characteristic moisture content of 1.2%, both dielectric constant and relaxation time increase considerably with further increase in moisture content.
Reduction of Ship Waiting Time at Port Container Terminal Through Enhancement of the Tug/Pilot Machine Operation

Port container terminal is one of the important transition points in the shipping industry. Competitiveness is an important factor for port container terminal with the increase in the number of port terminals globally. Vessel processing time port terminals is one of the important factors that influence the port terminal attractiveness. In addition, most port terminals tried to reduce ship waiting time with enhancement of their facilities. This paper focused on the ship waiting time at the berthing area of port container terminal, and tried to solve the queuing problem at ship tugging operation in order to reduce the average waiting time. The data was collected from a major port container terminal in Malaysia as a case study. The port terminal is modeled with Arena 13.5 simulation software and model validation was done based on real data which was taken from the case study. Different scenarios were then tested on the tugging operation at the port simulation model. The results show that after the implementation of these scenarios, the average ship waiting time at the berthing area decreased dramatically from 180 hours to 140 hours for each ship.
Quantum dot detectors for mid-infrared sensing: bias-controlled spectral tuning and matched filtering

Quantum-dot infrared photodetectors (QDIPs), based on intersubband transitions in nanoscale self-assembled dots, are perceived as a promising technology for mid-infrared-regime sensing since they are based on a mature GaAs technology, are sensitive to normal incidence radiation, exhibit large quantum confined stark effect that can be exploited for hyperspectral imaging, and have lower dark currents than their quantum well counterparts. High detectivity (D* = 1.0E11 cmHz1/2/W at 9 microns) QDIPs have been recently shown to exhibit broad spectral responses approximately 2-micron FWHM) with a bias-dependent shift in their peak wavelengths. This controllable, bias dependent spectral diversity, in conjunction with signal-processing strategies, allows us to extend the operation of the QDIP sensors to a new modality that enables us to achieve: (1) spectral tunability (single- or multi-color) in the range 2-12 microns in the presence of the QDIP's dark current; and (2) multispectral matched filtering in the same range. The spectral tuning is achieved by forming an optimal weighted sum of multiple photocurrent measurements, taken of the object to be probed, one for each bias in a set of prescribed operational biases. For each desired spectral response, the number and values of the prescribed biases and their associated weights are tailored so that the superposition response is as close as possible, in the mean-square-error sense, to the response of a sensor that is optically tuned to the desired spectrum. The spectral matching is achieved similarly but with a different criterion for selecting the weights and biases. They are selected, in conjunction with orthogonal-subspace-projection principles in hyperspectral classification, to nullify the interfering spectral signatures and maximize the signal-to noise ratio of the output. This, in turn, optimizes the classification of the objects according to their spectral signatures. Experimental results will be presented to demonstrate the QDIP sensor's capabilities in these new modalities. The effect of dark current noise on the spectral-tuning capability is particularly investigated. Examples of narrowband and wideband multispectral photocurrent synthesis as well as matched filtering are presented.
Nonlinear and complementary resistive switching behaviors of Au/Ti/TaOx/TiN devices dependent on Ti thicknesses

The fabricated Au/Ti/TaOx/TiN devices demonstrate nonlinear behavior at a low resistance state and a complementary resistive switching (CRS) behavior that is dependent upon the thickness of the Ti insertion layer. The nonlinear behavior can be explained by the presence of an ultrathin TiOx layer that acts as a tunnel barrier. In addition, the CRS behavior can be understood in relation to the redistribution of oxygen vacancies between the Ti/TaOx top interfaces. A thicker Ti insertion layer forms a thicker TiOx layer at the Ti/TaOx interface, which can serve as another switching layer. The Au/Ti/TaOx/TiN devices in this study are fabricated with fully complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor-compatible materials and exhibit nonlinear behavior at a low resistance state and a CRS behavior that present possible solutions for the suppression of the sneak current in the crossbar arrays.
Blinding associations of keratoconus

Dear Editor, Keratoconus (KC) is a corneal ectatic disorder affecting young individuals and causes irregular myopic astigmatism, resulting in visual impairment. While mild to moderate KC requires collagen crosslinking (CXL) to halt the progression of the disease, severe cases might need keratoplasty. [1] Visual rehabilitation is made possible using spectacles or contact lenses to regularize the anterior curvature of the cornea and thereby improve visual acuity as well as the quality of vision. Essentially being a corneal stromal disease, visual rehabilitation is possible in a majority of the patients. [2] Severe visual impairment is seen in patients where posterior segment pathology coexists.
Modeling of the UAE Wind Turbine for Refinement of FAST{_}AD

The Unsteady Aerodynamics Experiment (UAE) research wind turbine was modeled both aerodynamically and structurally in the FAST{_}AD wind turbine design code, and its response to wind inflows was simulated for a sample of test cases. A study was conducted to determine why wind turbine load magnitude discrepancies-inconsistencies in aerodynamic force coefficients, rotor shaft torque, and out-of-plane bending moments at the blade root across a range of operating conditions-exist between load predictions made by FAST{_}AD and other modeling tools and measured loads taken from the actual UAE wind turbine during the NASA-Ames wind tunnel tests. The acquired experimental test data represent the finest, most accurate set of wind turbine aerodynamic and induced flow field data available today. A sample of the FAST{_}AD model input parameters most critical to the aerodynamics computations was also systematically perturbed to determine their effect on load and performance predictions. Attention was focused on the simpler upwind rotor configuration, zero yaw error test cases. Inconsistencies in input file parameters, such as aerodynamic performance characteristics, explain a noteworthy fraction of the load prediction discrepancies of the various modeling tools.
Active Fire Dynamics in the Amazon: New Perspectives From High‐Resolution Satellite Observations

The Amazon region is expected to become an amplified fire‐prone system, but the mechanism of fire occurrence is not fully understood. Here, we employed more than 300,000 Sentinel‐2 images acquired during 2016–2019 and compiled a high‐resolution inventory of active fires (AFs) over the Amazon. We found that the fire activities in the Amazon in 2019 did not stand out compared with those in 2017 as a whole. However, the number of fires increased in 2019 in the absence of an exceptional drought, suggesting increased human disturbance in the Amazon. The high‐resolution AF inventory further demonstrated that over 90% of detected AFs were associated with humans clearing deforested fields on forest fringes for agricultural land expansion. Additionally, our inventory indicated that satellite sensors with coarser spatial resolution could miss considerable small fires, especially at the sensitive agriculture–forest interface, which therefore should be targeted as a priority conservation area.
Very narrow-linewidth (70 kHz) 1.55 mu m strained MQW DFB lasers

A linewidth as narrow as 70 kHz together with a linewidth-power product of 0.2 MHz.mW have been achieved on 1450 mu m long compressively strained quantum well uniform DFB lasers. The results are achieved through a reduction of the phase-amplitude coupling factor, which is measured to be 1.7 times lower than in unstrained devices. >
Microwave Characteristics of an Optically Controlled GaAs MESFET

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of microwave characteristics of a GaAs MESFET under optically direct-controlled conditions. The gain, drain current, and S-parameters were measured under various optical conditions in the frequency region from 3.0 GHz to 8.0 GHz, and it was found that they can be controlled by varying the incident light intensity in the same manner as when varying the gate bias voltage. As applications of this phenomenon, optical/microwave transformers and an optically switched amplifier were investigated.
Personnel screening with terahertz opto-mechanical scanning imaging

We presented a passive THz opto-mechnical scanning imaging method using a single detector and a trihedral scanning mirror. The system improved the imaging speed through employing two flapping mirrors. Also the trihedral scanning mirror and an ellipsoidal mirror were adopted. The parameters were set as follows: the best imaging distance was 2.2m with the image range of 1.6m（W）×1.6m（H）, the imaging time was 2s, and the resolution was 3cm. We imaged human body with different objects concealed under their clothes, such as buckle, ceramic chip, etc.
Metagnosis: Revelatory Narratives of Health and Identity by Danielle Spencer

This book identifies and names the phenomenon of metagnosis: the experience of newly learning in adulthood of a long-standing condition. It can occur when the condition has remained undetected (e.g., colorblindness) and/or when the diagnostic categories themselves have shifted (e.g., ADHD). More broadly, it can occur with unexpected revelations bearing upon selfhood, such as surprising genetic test results. This phenomenon has received relatively scant attention, yet learning of an unknown condition is frequently a significant and bewildering revelation, subverting narrative expectations and customary categories. In addressing the topic this book deploys an evolution of narrative medicine as a robust research methodology comprising interdisciplinarity, narrative attentiveness, and creating a writerly text. Beginning with the author’s own experience of metagnosis, it explores the issues it raises—from communicability to narrative intelligibility to different ways of seeing. Next, it traces the distinctive metagnostic narrative arc through the stages of recognition, subversion, and renegotiation, discussing this trajectory in light of a range of metagnostic experiences, from Blade Runner to real-world midlife diagnoses. Finally, it situates metagnosis in relation to genetic revelations and the broader discourses concerning identity. Proposing that the figure of blindsight—drawn from the author’s metagnostic experience—offers a productive model for negotiating such revelations, the book suggests that better understanding metagnosis will not simply aid those directly affected but will also serve as a bellwether for how we will all navigate advancing biomedical and genomic knowledge, and how we may fruitfully interrogate the very notion of identity.
Model-Free Algorithm for Friction Torque Adaptive Identification and Compensation

In order to solve the electro-hydraulic system position tracking control problem, which caused by the nonlinear system friction torque disturbance, a model-free algorithm for the friction torque adaptive identification and compensation was put forward. The algorithm is based on the application mathematics knowledge and matching & following principle. It can accommodate to all situations with the friction torque (force) variety. The simulation result indicates that the algorithm can restrains the interference of the friction torque (force) effectively, and the system’s low speed character and tracking performance were been improved.