Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Novel Transethosomal Gel Containing Miconazole Nitrate; Development, Characterization, and Enhanced Antifungal Activity

Miconazole nitrate (MCNR) is a BCS class II antifungal drug with poor water solubility. Although numerous attempts have been made to increase its solubility, formulation researchers struggle with this significant issue. Transethosomes are promising novel nanocarriers for improving the solubility and penetration of drugs that are inadequately soluble and permeable. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop MCNR-loaded transethosomal gel in order to enhance skin permeation and antifungal activity. MCNR-loaded transethosomes (MCNR-TEs) were generated using the thin film hydration method and evaluated for their zeta potential, particle size, polydispersity index, and entrapment efficiency (EE%). SEM, FTIR, and DSC analyses were also done to characterize the optimized formulation of MCNR-TEs (MT-8). The optimized formulation of MCNR-TEs was incorporated into a carbopol 934 gel base to form transethosomal gel (MNTG) that was subjected to ex vivo permeation and drug release studies. In vitro antifungal activity was carried out against Candida albicans through the cup plate technique. An in vivo skin irritation test was also performed on Wistar albino rats. MT-8 displayed smooth spherical transethosomal nanoparticles with the highest EE% (89.93 ± 1.32%), lowest particle size (139.3 ± 1.14 nm), polydispersity index (0.188 ± 0.05), and zeta potential (−18.1 ± 0.10 mV). The release profile of MT-8 displayed an initial burst followed by sustained release, and the release data were best fitted with the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. MCNR-loaded transethosomal gel was stable and showed a non-Newtonian flow. It was found that ex vivo drug permeation of MNTG was 48.76%, which was significantly higher than that of MNPG (plain gel) (p ≤ 0.05) following a 24-h permeation study. The prepared MCNR transethosomal gel exhibited increased antifungal activity, and its safety was proven by the results of an in vivo skin irritation test. Therefore, the developed transethosomal gel can be a proficient drug delivery system via a topical route with enhanced antifungal activity and skin permeability.
Fertility Desire and Protection Practices Among Turkish Young Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Chemotherapy

Objectives: This study aims to reflect the oncofertility practice in Turkey as a developing country, by investigating young breast cancer patients' fertilization preservation attitudes and their post-treatment fertility status. Methods: Young breast cancer patients(<42 years) examined for breast cancer follow-up at the medical oncology out-patient clinic were consecutively included in the study. Patients with metastatic, infertile, or no menstrual cycle at the time of diagnosis and women who were less than 3 years from their last chemotherapy cycle were excluded. A questionnaire on the desire for childbearing in the future, the fertility preservation preferences at the time of diagnosis, reproductive history was surveyed with patients. Results: 123 patients were enrolled in the study. 23.5% of the patients reported that they had a desire to give birth in the future at the time of diagnosis. For fertility preservation; 6 patients used embryo or oocyte cryopreservation, and 16 patients used LHRHa during chemotherapy. Nulliparous patients were more likely than others who had at least one child to pursue fertility preservation (p=0.001) and to be interested in having children in the future (p<0.001). Conclusion: This study revealed that oncofertility practices should be encouraged to improve the quality of life of survivors along with cancer treatment in developing countries. Even with fertility preservation, the chances of a successful pregnancy are significantly low. Physicians should offer protection options to all patients regardless of their previous childbearing status, and fertilization counseling should also be discussed during all the post-treatment visits as well as pre-treatment settings.
GROUNDWATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT NEAR POLLUTED CANAL AREA IN KICHHA TOWN, UTTARAKHAND, INDIA

Water Quality Index, a technique of rating water quality is an effective tool to assess spatial and temporal changes in ground water quality. The present work aimed at assessing the Water Quality Index (WQI) for the groundwater near the polluted canal area with emphasis on Kiccha town in Uttarakhand state as a model site. Samples from seven different hand pumps locating around the paha canal were analyzed for different physico -chemical and biological parameters like pH, color, odor, conductivity, hardness, alkalinity, chloride, DO, BOD, COD, nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metals. Each parameter was compared with the standard desirable limit as prescribed by Bureau of Indian Standard 10500 -91 and World Health Organization. The groundwater was very hard to moderately hard at all the studied locations. The samples taken from the hand pumps near the canal are having high values of BOD and COD. It may be due to more seepage and movement of ground water near the polluted canal area. Arsenic and mercury were found to be in very high concentration above the permissible limit. The normal statistical and correlation analysis has been carried out to find out interrelationship within the studied parameters. Water quality index rating was carried out to quantify overall gr oundwater quality status of the area. The values of WQI for the samples were found in the range of 63.91 to 72.53 revealing that the sample collected from the hand pumps near the polluted canal area is in medium quality range whereas those locating far away from canal are of good quality. On the basis of the analysis of groundwater of the study area, it could be concluded that groundwater quality in the study area varied around the canal.
Stanniocalcin 1a regulates organismal calcium balance and survival by suppressing Trpv6 expression and inhibiting IGF signaling in zebrafish

Stanniocalcin 1 (Stc1) is well known for its role in regulating calcium uptake in fish by acting on ionocytes or NaR cells. A hallmark of NaR cells is the expression of Trpv6, a constitutively open calcium channel. Recent studies in zebrafish suggest that genetical deletion of Stc1a and Trpv6 individually both increases IGF signaling and NaR cell proliferation. While trpv6-/- fish suffered from calcium deficiency and died prematurely, stc1a-/- fish had elevated body calcium levels but also died prematurely. The relationship between Stc1a, Trpv6, and IGF signaling in regulating calcium homeostasis and organismal survival is unclear. Here we report that loss of Stc1a increases Trpv6 expression in NaR cells in an IGF signaling-dependent manner. Treatment with CdCl2, a Trpv6 inhibitor, reduced NaR cell number in stc1a -/- fish to the sibling levels. Genetic and biochemical analysis results suggest that Stc1a and Trpv6 regulate NaR cell proliferation via the same IGF pathway. Alizarin red staining detected abnormal calcium deposits in the yolk sac region and kidney stone-like structures in stc1a -/- fish. Double knockout or pharmacological inhibition of Trpv6 alleviated these phenotypes, suggesting that Stc1a inhibit epithelial Ca2+ uptake by regulating Trpv6 expression and activity. stc1a-/- mutant fish developed cardiac edema, body swelling, and died prematurely. Treatment of stc1a-/- fish with CdCl2 or double knockout of Trpv6 alleviated these phenotypes. These results provide evidence that Stc1a regulates calcium homeostasis and organismal survival by suppressing Trpv6 expression and inhibiting IGF signaling in ionocytes.
18. LATE PLEISTOCENE PERIODICITIES OF OXYGEN ISOTOPE RATIOS, CALCIUM CARBONATE CONTENTS, AND MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITIES OF WESTERN ARABIAN SEA MARGIN HOLE 728A1

High resolution stratigraphy based on oxygen isotope ratios of the planktonic foraminifers Neogloboquadrina dutertrei (d'Orbigny), Globigeriniodes ruber (d'Orbigny), and Globigerina bulloides (d'Orbigny), magnetic susceptibility, and calcium carbonate content covers the sedimentary record of ODP Hole 728A drilled on the Oman Margin from approximately 10 k.y. to 525 k.y. , comprising isotopic stages 1-13. Below stage 13 isotopic stage boundaries cannot be defined with certainty in our data. Sediment accumulation rates were calculated from the isotopic record of N. dutertrei by matching it with the age model SPECMAP curve. During the glacial periods sediment accumulation rates were higher than during the interglacial periods, reflecting increased input from the shelf during low-stands of sea level and increased eolian input. Periodograms for the past 524 k.y. on oxygen isotope records of N. dutertrei, G. ruber, and G. bulloides, on calcium carbonate content, magnetic susceptibility, and on a foraminiferal fragmentation record show powers matching the Milankovitch periodicities. High powers are concentrated around 103 k.y. In the spectra of oxygen isotope ratios of N. dutertrei, magnetic susceptibility, and foraminiferal fragmentation these are significant at the 80% confidence level with respect to a first order autoregressive model. Power concentrations near 43 k.y. , matching obliquity, are present but subdued in all spectra. Power concentrations near 23 k.y. , matching precession, are significant in the spectra of the oxygen isotope record of N. dutertrei, magnetic susceptibility, and calcium carbonate content record. Fragmentation of planktonic foraminifers increased during the interglacial periods. This is attributed to dissolution of the tests in an expanded oxygen minimum zone (OMZ), where undersaturation of calcium carbonate is caused by enhanced production in the euphotic zone, which would suggest stronger monsoonal induced upwelling during interglacial periods. Extension of the OMZ could also be increased by outflow of low oxygen marginal basin bottom water.
INTEGRATED APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING AND SPATIAL STATISTICAL MODELS TO THE IDENTIFICATION OF SOIL SALINITY: A CASE STUDY FROM GARMSAR PLAIN, IRAN

Soil salinity expansion is an environmental challenge particularly in arid and semi arid regions. In order to evaluate the progressing extent of soil salinity in relation with natural and human-induced conditions, a study was conducted using the Landsat TM imagery. The present study was conducted in the Garmsar area to the East of Tehran. A total of 288 soil samples were analyzed to determine the relationship between the spectral reflectance and Electrical Conductivity (EC), as salinity indicator. Multiple regression analysis and Ordinary Least Square regression (OLS) were used to examine the relationships between EC and derived spectral to generate several models. In the case of derived spectral, mid-infrared band (TM Band-7), visible band (Band-1), Tasseled cap3 (Wetness index) and PCA2 (Principal Component Analysis) were found to be most correlated with the observed EC values of the surface layer of the soil, at 99% confidence level. The accuracy of the prediction model was tested using a validation set of 52 soil samples in Eyvanekey plain, close to study area where the environmental circumstance consist of similar properties. RMSE and MAE were used to evaluate the performance of the map prediction quality. Results showed that the appropriate model could predict the soil salinity with precision of 4.1 and 0.49 dS m -1 , respectively. The predicted salinity ranged from 0dS/m to 110dS/m. Therefore, the EC estimations were suitable to generate soil salinity map. Sensitivity analysis was tested on applied parameters that showed Band-1 and Band-7 were 3 and 2 times more than sensitive rather than other parameters respectively. The results are promising and certainly useful for soil salinity prediction.
Selegiline Modulates Lipid Metabolism by Activating AMPK Pathways of Epididymal White Adipose Tissues in HFD-Fed Obese Mice

Obesity, as a major cause of many chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer, is among the most serious health problems. Increased monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity has been observed in the adipose tissue of obese humans and animals. Although previous studies have already demonstrated the potential of MAO-B inhibitors as a treatment for this condition, the mechanism of their effect has been insufficiently elucidated. In this study, we investigated the anti-obesity effect of selegiline, a selective MAO-B inhibitor, using in vivo animal models. The effect was evaluated through an assessment of body energy homeostasis, glucose tolerance tests, and biochemical analysis. Pharmacological inhibition of MAO-B by selegiline was observed to reduce body weight and fat accumulation, and improved glucose metabolism without a corresponding change in food intake, in HFD-fed obese mice. We also observed that both the expression of adipogenenic markers, including C/EBPα and FABP4, and lipogenic markers such as pACC were significantly reduced in epididymal white adipose tissues (eWATs). Conversely, increased expression of lipolytic markers such as ATGL and pHSL and AMPK phosphorylation were noted. Treating obese mice with selegiline significantly increased expression levels of UCP1 and promoted eWAT browning, indicating increased energy expenditure. These results suggest that selegiline, by inhibiting MAO-B activity, is a potential anti-obesity treatment.
Variation of the North American Summer Monsoon Regimes and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation

Abstract The North American summer monsoon holds the key to understanding warm season rainfall variations in the region from northern Mexico to the Southwest and the central United States. Studies of the monsoon have pictured mosaic submonsoonal regions and different processes influencing monsoon variations. Among the influencing processes is the “land memory,” showing primarily the influence of the antecedent winter season precipitation (snow) anomalies in the Northwest on summer rainfall anomalies in the Southwest. More intriguingly, the land memory has been found to vary at the multidecadal time scale. This memory change may actually reflect multidecadal variations of the atmospheric circulation in the North American monsoon region. This notion is examined in this study by first establishing the North American monsoon regimes from relationships of summer rainfall variations in central and western North America, and then quantifying their variations at the multidecadal scale in the twentieth century. Re.
The Path to Safe Machine Learning for Automotive
 Applications

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Recent rapid advancement in machine learning (ML) technologies have unlocked the potential for realizing advanced vehicle functions that were previously not feasible using traditional approaches to software development. One prominent example is the area of automated driving. However, there is much discussion regarding whether ML-based vehicle functions can be engineered to be acceptably safe, with concerns related to the inherent difficulty and ambiguity of the tasks to which the technology is applied. This leads to challenges in defining adequately safe responses for all possible situations and an acceptable level of residual risk, which is then compounded by the reliance on training data. </div><div class="htmlview paragraph"><b>The Path to Safe Machine Learning for Automotive Applications</b> discusses the challenges involved in the application of ML to safety-critical vehicle functions and provides a set of recommendations within the context of current and upcoming safety standards. In summary, the potential of ML will only be unlocked for safety-related functions if the inevitable uncertainties associated with both the specification and performance of the trained models can be sufficiently well understood and controlled within the application-specific context. </div><div class="htmlview paragraph"><a href="https://www.sae. org/publications/edge-research-reports" target="_blank">Click here to access the full SAE EDGE</a><sup>TM</sup><a href="https://www.sae. org/publications/edge-research-reports" target="_blank"> Research Report portfolio. </a></div></div>
Estimación de la pérdida máxima probable (PML) en 10 distritos de la Gran Lima y Callao: Aplicación a la industria aseguradora peruana

Estimación de la pérdida máxima probable PML en 10 distritos de la Gran Lima y Callao: Aplicación a la industria aseguradora peruana Dr. Ing. Jorge Olarte Navarro Dr. Ing. Carlos Zavala Toledo Dr. Ing. Zenón Aguilar Bardales Dr. Ing. Gonzalo Vasquez Chicata M.Sc. Ing. Ramón Escobar Serra M.Sc. Ing. Sebastián Romaní Loayza (1) Centro Peruano Japonés de Investigaciones Sísmicas y Mitigación de Desastres (CISMID) Facultad de Ingeniería Civil-Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, Lima. Resumen Se presenta una metodología y procedimientos, que se realizan en el Perú por primera vez, para estimar la pérdida máxima probable (PML) para una cartera de edificaciones localizados en 10 distritos de Lima y Callao, que comprenden la amenaza sísmica regional, las condiciones locales de sitio, la estimación del daño de la edificaciones por tipología estructural y las tasas de excedencia de pérdidas. En base a estos resultados, una compañía puede determinar la constitución de la reserva catastrófica de manera confiable. Finalmente, se presenta la pérdida máxima probable en función del periodo de retorno, obteniendo valores entre 3.3% y 13.8% para periodos de retorno entre los 250 años y 5000 años respectivamente. Palabras claves: Pérdida máxima probable, PML, peligro sísmico, vulnerabilidad estructural, riesgo sísmico, Lima y Callao. 1. Introducción Desde épocas remotas, las ciudades de Lima y Callao han sufrido a una serie de sismos de gran intensidad, durante los cuales en múltiples oportunidades han acaecido cuantiosos daños materiales y pérdidas de vidas humanas. La principal fuente generadora de eventos sísmicos que afecta esta región es la zona de subducción, definida por la interacción de la Placa de Nazca y la Placa Sudamericana. Esta fuente puede generar eventos de gran magnitud, los que, históricamente (Silgado, 1978), en la zona de la costa central pueden alcanzar los 8.2 grados en la escala de Richter. Los efectos de estos movimientos telúricos se ven incrementados por las diferentes condiciones de sitio que se presentan en los distritos que conforman el área de estudio. La pérdida máxima probable (PML) es un estimador del tamaño de las pérdidas máximas que sería razonable esperar en dicha cartera durante un tiempo de exposición dado. Depende de los riesgos
Protein Folding Database (PFD 2.0): an online environment for the International Foldeomics Consortium

The Protein Folding Database (PFD) is a publicly accessible repository of thermodynamic and kinetic protein folding data. Here we describe the first major revision of this work, featuring extensive restructuring that conforms to standards set out by the recently formed International Foldeomics Consortium. The database now adopts standards for data acquisition, analysis and reporting proposed by the consortium, which will facilitate the comparison of folding rates, energies and structure across diverse sets of proteins. Data can now be easily deposited using a rich set of deposition tools. Enhanced search tools allow sophisticated searching and graphical data analysis affords simple data analysis online. PFD can be accessed freely at .
Design considerations for the Australian alps

Design in the Australian Alps provides a unique challenge for professionals, possibly more so than in urban environments such as Melbourne or Sydney. Professionals must accommodate an uncompromising environment and one of the oldest and rarest landscapes on earth while providing solutions for a highly contemporary and questioning society. This paper offers an understanding of considerations for the realisation of projects in the Australian Alps through an explanation of this landscape, climate change and pertinent design issues.
Knowing the Unknown: A Review on Nanotechnology in Orthodontics

Nanotechnology is the structuring and manipulation of matter at nanoscale for the creation of new particles and devices. The applications of nanotechnology are being explored in various arenas including health care. The use of this technology aims to improvise the quality of health care being rendered to the patients. Nanotechnology has paved its way into various specialties of dentistry including orthodontics. The goal of these innovations and research in this field is to improve human life and health. The merging of nanotechnology with orthodontics helps the clinicians to a great extent in improving the quality of patient care and its applications. This article aims to summarize and describe the most recent advancements and well-known nanotechnological innovations in the field of orthodontics and the use of new nanomaterials, nano devices, nano LIPUS, nano particles and nano sensors incorporation of the same to the arsenal of Orthodontics.
OCEANIC INTRAPLATE SEISMICITY

The occurrence of seismicity at the surface of the globe largely along preferential lines, now recognized as mid-oceanic ridges and subduction zones, was key evidence for the development of the theory of plate tectonics in the 1960s. Indeed, many plate boundaries, especially some of the southern, less accessible ridges, were drawn, at least initially, on the basis of this evidence alone. The mere concept of intraplate seismicity may then appear as somewhat of a paradox, if not as a failure of the whole theory. However, and as shown later in this paper, the relatively low level of this seismicity warrants its consideration as a perturbation in the general framework of nearly rigid plates. Additionally, intraplate earthquakes are of great value since, in the oceanic environment, they are our only clue to the state of stress of the lithosphere, thereby providing us with critical insight into the forces responsible for its motion. Understanding para­ meters that control these earthquakes is made easier (with respect to a continental situation) by the generally younger age of the ocean floor and the much simplified tectonic history of any given oceanic province. On the other hand, seismic detection capabilities are greatly reduced at sea, because of both logistics and generally higher seismic attenuation; thus, our knowledge of many aspects of oceanic intraplate seismicity is still rudimentary. It is in this general framework that the present paper reviews the following points:
Salmonella Bloodstream Infections

Salmonella is a major foodborne pathogen of both animals and humans. This bacterium is responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality world-wide. Different serovars of this genus cause diseases ranging from self-limiting gastroenteritis to a potentially fatal systemic disease known as enteric fever. Gastrointestinal infections with Salmonella are usually self-limiting and rarely require medical intervention. Bloodstream infections, on the other hand, are often fatal even with hospitalization. This review describes the routes and underlying mechanisms of the extraintestinal dissemination of Salmonella and the chronic infections that sometimes result. It includes information on the pathogenicity islands and individual virulence factors involved in systemic dissemination as well as a discussion of the host factors that mediate susceptibility. Also, the major outbreaks of invasive Salmonella disease in the tropics are described.