Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Agreement and control in expletive constructions

La variation morphologique dans les constructions expletives avec des verbes ergatifs concerne l'accord de verbe et la forme de l'expletif. L'A. defend ici la these selon laquelle il existe un simple lien entre la direction de l'accord et la nature de l'expletif, et propose la generalisation suivante : Le verbe s'accorde avec l'expletif si et seulement si le morpheme expletif n'est pas ambigu avec le morpheme objet. Par exemple, le francais il est utilise exclusivement a la forme nominative et declenche l'accord avec le verbe. Dans les langues ou le verbe s'accorde avec l'associe, le morpheme expletif est utilise a la fois comme sujet et comme objet. Tel est le cas pour l'italien pro. Etant donnee cette generalisation, l'A. montre que la propriete essentielle est l'information du cas nominatif sur l'expletif, qu'il appelle l'hypothese d'accord nominatif
How much energy can be stored in a three-dimensional force-free magnetic field?

Simple physical considerations indicate that the energy of any finite-energy, force-free magnetic field occupying a half-space, and having all its lines unknotted and tied to the half-space boundary, will not be larger than the energy of the 'open field' which has the same half-space boundary flux distribution. Attention is given to the consequences of this view for the solar corona's eruptive phenomena; an upper bound on the energy which a flare can release is implied, and any spontaneous transition of the coronal field to an open state is precluded. 10 refs.
An anti-rollover device dedicated to All-Terrain Vehicle lateral stability: Application to a quad bike

Summary According to their specific geometric and dynamic characteristics (small wheelbase and track, small weight, huge reachable speeds…), All-Terrain Vehicles (ATVs - as quad bikes) are very useful and driveable. These specificities permit to realize extra agricultural tasks (spreading, spraying, displacements…) in an easier way than using once more an heavy farm tractor. Unfortunately, the growing popularity of quad bikes in the agricultural area is accompanied by an increasing number of accidents and particularly lateral rollovers. Therefore, the estimation of hazardous situations is a preliminary step in the design of active security devices dedicated to All-Terrain vehicles (ATVs). This paper proposes a rollover metric dedicated to the lateral hazardous situations estimation. It is based on the computation of the Lateral Load Transfer (LLT) according to a backstepping observer dedicated to grip conditions estimation. Next, the maximum vehicle velocity, compatible with a safe motion over some horizon of prediction, is computed via Predictive Functional Control (PFC), and can then be applied, if needed, to the vehicle actuator to prevent from rollover. Capabilities of the proposed metric and device are demonstrated and discussed via both an advanced simulation testbed (that has proved to supply results very close to experimental ones) and full scale experiments.
A new singular/hypersingular MLPG (LBIE) method for 2D elastostatics

A new meshless local Petrov-Galerkin (MLPG) type method based on local boundary integral equation (LBIE) considerations is proposed for the solution of elastostatic problems. It is called singular/hypersingular MLPG (LBIE) method since the representation of the displacement field at the internal points of the considered structure is accomplished with the aid of the displacement local boundary integral equation, while for the boundary nodes both the displacement and the corresponding traction local boundary integral equations are employed. Nodal points spread over the analyzed domain are considered and the moving least squares (MLS) interpolation scheme for the approximation of the interior and boundary variables is employed. The essential boundary conditions are satisfied via the free terms of the singular and hypersingular LBIEs, respectively. This means that, for any distribution of nodal points, displacements and tractions can be treated as independed variables, avoiding thus derivatives of the MLS shape functions. On the local boundaries of the hypersingular LBIEs, tractions are avoided with the aid of an auxiliary local integral equation explicitly derived in the present work. Strongly singular and hypersingular integrals are evaluated directly and with high accuracy by means of advanced integration techniques. Two representative numerical examples that demostrate the achieved accuracy of the proposed singular/hypersingular MLPG (LBIE) method are provided.
Improving the identification and classification of Malaysian medicinal leaf images using ensemble method

Malaysia has abundant natural resources especially plants which can be used for medicinal or herbal purposes. However, there is less research to preserve the knowledge of these resources to be utilized by the community in identifying useful medicinal plants using computing tools. This paper presents the implementation of digital opportunities for Malaysian medicinal plants via leaf image identification and classification. Of late, experts in traditional medicine and herbs have become few and the younger generation are mostly unknowledgeable about the medicinal and herbal properties of the plants. Therefore, this work is important in assisting the community (rural and urban) to identify and possibly share the knowledge of Malaysian medicinal plants with the future generation. The focus of this paper is to prepare the identification phase before the actual system is developed. Thus, the implementation of such a system is vital in order to enable the community to preserve these important resources.
Universe acceleration and fine structure constant variation in BSBM theory

In this work we investigate the utility of using SNe Ia observations in constraining the cosmological parameters in BSBM theory where a scalar field is responsible for both fine structure constant variation and late time universe acceleration. The model is discussed in the presence of an exponential self potential for the scalar field. Stability and phase space analysis of the solutions are studied. The model is tested against observational data for Hubble parameter and quasar absorption spectra. With the best fitted model parameters, the theory predicts a good match with the experimental results and exhibits fine structure constant variation. The analysis also predicts the recent universe acceleration and possible phantom crossing in future.
Truncation of systems of polynomial equations, ideals and varieties

The main result of this paper is the construction of special so-called locked polynomial ideals to represent systems of equations, and to enable the behaviour of the corresponding algebraic varieties at infinity to be controlled. A consequence of this result is the existence, modulo the action of tori, of a standard minimal toric compactification of an irreducible two-dimensional variety.
A novel determination of the local dark matter density

We present a novel study on the problem of constructing mass models for the Milky Way, concentrating on features regarding the dark matter halo component. We have considered a variegated sample of dynamical observables for the Galaxy, including several results which have appeared recently, and studied a 7- or 8-dimensional parameter space - defining the Galaxy model - by implementing a Bayesian approach to the parameter estimation based on a Markov Chain Monte Carlo method. The main result of this analysis is a novel determination of the local dark matter halo density which, assuming spherical symmetry and either an Einasto or an NFW density profile is found to be around 0.39 GeV cm−3 with a 1-σ error bar of about 7%; more precisely we find a ρDM(R0) = 0.385±0.027 GeV cm−3 for the Einasto profile and ρDM(R0) = 0.389±0.025 GeV cm−3 for the NFW. This is in contrast to the standard assumption that ρDM(R0) is about 0.3 GeV cm−3 with an uncertainty of a factor of 2 to 3. A very precise determination of the local halo density is very important for interpreting direct dark matter detection experiments. Indeed the results we produced, together with the recent accurate determination of the local circular velocity, should be very useful to considerably narrow astrophysical uncertainties on direct dark matter detection.
Extremely low‐profile second‐order bandpass frequency selective surface using third harmonics of resonant elements

In high‐order (N > 1) frequency selective surfaces (FSSs), the surfaces are usually cascaded vertically and separated by a dielectric substrate to achieve desired responses. The dielectric substrate thickness is a critical parameter in designing such structures. It is usually high for most traditional designs. In this article, we present a novel approach for designing extremely low‐profile high‐order bandpass FSSs. The structure is built by using the coupling of the third harmonics instead of the fundamentals of the resonators to achieve a bandpass response. By using the proposed design method, the coupling between the third harmonics can be very weak with a very thin substrate, and a flat response can be achieved. The thickness of the structure is reduced to one third in term of wavelength when compared with the structure using the fundamental mode. The overall thickness of a second‐order FSS can be reduced to λ/75, where λ is the free space wavelength. A prototype of the proposed bandpass FSS is designed, fabricated, and experimentally characterized. The measurement results of this device show a very good and stable frequency response with respect to the angle of incidence up to ±45° as predicted.
Implementing NGSS Engineering Disciplinary Core Ideas in Middle School Science Classrooms: Results from the Field

With the inclusion of engineering disciplinary core ideas (DCIs), the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) position engineering as a new priority in K–12 science classrooms. This paper reports findings from the implementation of SLIDER, a problem-based learning 8th grade physical science curriculum that integrates engineering and physical science core ideas. As a culminating engineering design challenge, the SLIDER curriculum asks students to apply their understanding of energy, motion, and forces to design an automatic braking system for a robotic truck. The paper describes the curriculum and synthesizes findings from an array of data sources including student design interviews, written design recommendations, engineering notebooks, preand post-assessments, and teacher interviews to address two research questions: (1) To what extent and in what ways do students participating in the SLIDER curriculum engage in NGSS engineering DCIs: defining problems, developing solutions, and optimizing solutions? (2) To what extent and in what ways do students draw upon their understanding of science concepts as they engage in engineering design? Findings indicate variations in the degree to which students participating in the SLIDER curriculum engaged across the three NGSS engineering DCIs, with students generally demonstrating competency with regard to identifying and delimiting the engineering problem (ETS1.A) and, to varying degrees, developing solutions (ETS1.B) but experiencing more challenges engaging in the optimization of design solutions (ETS1.C). Findings also illustrate the degree to which students were able to apply their knowledge of relevant physical science core ideas (e.g., friction, force) as they developed and communicated their solutions. Implications of the findings for instruction, curriculum development, and assessment are discussed.
Optimizing Military Tactical MANETs efficiently using PSO

A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a self-configuring network of autonomous agents designed to continuously support users who change the topology of the network dynamically and independently. The dynamic mobility of user nodes can cause communication links to disconnect if the network is not managed correctly. The autonomous agents are controlled to maximize the connectivity of user nodes considering military aspects. Military operations require the efficient use of limited resources and sometimes sacrifice network performance to accomplish given missions. Especially, military MANETs are exposed to a dangerous environment due to the enemy activities, so these hostile effects should be considered. Under these requirements and circumstances, the primary objective of the agents is to maximize the connection and quality of communication between user nodes and a control node. This is formulated as a shortest path problem using a hop-count metric. A population based heuristic algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), is developed to solve the military MANET problem. To best accommodate the aspects of military MANETs several crucial constructs are devised and tested. These are the Pre-deployed Agent Level (PAL), the Messenger Agent and the Priority node. Testing involves the common random waypoint model and two specific military scenarios search and rescue and patrol. The proposed model in this thesis tries better represents military MANETs by considering enemy obstacles and military operation characteristics. It can be used to evaluate network performance before deploying an actual network in the battlefield and to properly size the
Blackett's experimental researches on the energy of cosmic rays

After many years of research in nuclear physics at Cavendish Laboratory, P.M.S. Blackett had become, by the end of the twenties, a prominent experimentalist and expert in cloud chamber. During the thirties, he carried out experimental research in cosmic ray physics using a Wilson chamber. His focus was the energy and behaviour of cosmic particles. I give here a detailed historical account of Blackett's investigations with special emphasis on theoretical ans instrumental constraints which guided Blackett's procedures. Performance of apparatus, accuracy, elimination of background, and novel theoretical developments were the priorities of Blackett's approach
Surface waves at the boundary of a system of coupled waveguides

Experimental investigations of surface waves at the interface between a homogeneous medium and a periodically stratified medium representing a restricted system of coupled waveguides are analysed. It is found that in all cases of the observation of surface waves a restricted system of waveguides has its own spectrum of guided modes and the spectrum of leaky modes, which become the surface waves of the system. It is shown that when two surface waves are used in a biosensor scheme, they should be realised as leaky modes of a Bragg waveguide in which a periodic system of waveguides was used as a distributed Bragg mirror of this waveguide. It is pointed out that the prism method of excitation of surface waves can be used in sensors, where these waves are employed as a detecting tool.
Detent-Force Minimization of Double-Sided Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor by Shifting One of the Primary Components

The longitudinal end effect of the double-sided permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (DS-PMLSM) causes a large end force. To overcome this drawback, this paper proposes a novel DS-PMLSM structure, in which the upper or lower primary component is shifted by a certain distance. First, the end-force model of the DS-PMLSM is established, based on which, the influences of the staggered structure on the fundamental and higher order end-force components are analyzed. Following this, the DS-PMLSMs with different slot–pole combinations are divided into four categories, and the design principles of possible winding arrangements are discussed. Furthermore, the staggered structures are applied to four slot–pole combinations, namely 21-, 15-, 20-, and 16-pole/18-slot. The back electromotive forces, detent forces, thrusts, and normal forces of the four combinations are analyzed and compared through the finite-element method. The electromagnetic and output characteristics of the novel DS-PMLSM are also compared with the traditional DS-PMLSM prototype to verify the effect of the proposed structure on suppressing the end force.
Perspectives on railway axle bearing condition monitoring

Defects in railway axle bearings can affect operational efficiency, or cause in-service failures, damaging the track and train. Healthy bearings produce a certain level of vibration and noise, but a bearing with a defect causes substantial changes in the vibration and noise levels. It is possible to detect the bearing defects at an early stage of their development, allowing an operator to repair the damage before it becomes serious. When a vehicle is scheduled for maintenance, or due for overhaul, knowledge of bearing damage and severity is beneficial, resulting in fewer operational problems and optimised fleet availability. This paper is a review of the state of the art in condition monitoring systems for rolling element bearings, especially the axlebox bearings. This includes exploring the sensing technologies, summarising the main signal processing methods and condition monitoring techniques, i.e. wayside and on-board. Examples of commercially available systems and outputs of current research work are presented. The effectiveness of the current monitoring technologies is assessed and the p–f curve is presented. It is concluded that the research and practical tests on axlebox bearing monitoring are limited compared to the generic bearing applications.
Technical condition change detection using Anderson–Darling statistic approach for LHD machines – engine overheating problem

Abstract In underground mine so called Load-Haul-Dump machines (LHD) plays a key role in horizontal transportation process. LHD machines execute ore haulage from mining faces to dumping points in a cyclic way. Time-varying and harsh environmental conditions determine high workload, so effectiveness demands are big challenges for maintenance staff. One of the most important issue is related to engine overheating, what is the main cause of unjustifiable loader stoppages and unwanted disturbances in production. Operator is obligated to react quickly and switch machine to idle operation until it cools down. Existing on-board monitoring systems dedicated for LHD machines provide data necessary to perform diagnostics of the engine as well as its cooling system. Understanding how load, wear level of machine and ambient temperature influence diagnostic data is the key in development of fault detection algorithms. In this paper, authors propose to use longterm temperature data. The Anderson–Darling statistic is applied in order to detect segments of different statistical properties which are related to different technical condition. Analysis of obtained two-dimensional data structure allows to find points of change of technical condition of the machine. It could be considered as training for diagnostic system that could be used for machine monitoring.
Design of a 3D printed surgical guide to assist bone graft surgical interventions

3D printing seems to be the tool that will lead personalize medicine in the near future; combined with the potential of medical imaging, now it is possible to use the images of each patient to create 3D specific printed devices that fit perfectly with their anatomy; On the field of trauma and orthopedics, many 3D printed surgical guides are already being commercialized to assist any sort of bone surgeries [1]. However, one of the procedures which still does not have instrumentation support is the harvesting of allografts. Allografts are pieces of bones that are used to be implanted on bone defect lesions with the purpose of recovering its initial anatomy. The graft must be harvested before being implanted to match with the shape of the lesion; this process is still done manually by surgeons so a helper guide to assist the harvesting process would be convenient. In this thesis, I established a protocol for the design of a graft assisted guide in the form of a program that makes the process easier and automatic. The design of the guide was done for a particular case of a patient suffering of anterior shoulder instability. Several guides were designed and 3D printed to be tasted on an in vitro environment. The guides showed perfect fit on the graft and the program reduced the time that was taken to create the guides. Further tests must be performed to ensure the reliability of the guide and some improvements on the software should be performed as well. Keyboards: 3D printed surgical guides, allograft, shoulder instability.
KINETIC CHANGES OF KIDNEY FUNCTION TESTS AMONG PATIENTSWITH KIDNEY FAILURE IN ROYAL MEDICAL SERVICES

Introduction: Kidney function tests are requested to monitor the general status of kidney health in general, and particularly to assess renal failure status. Objectives: To investigate the efficacy of therapeutic options for renal failure patients through studying changes in selected laboratory investigations. Methodology: A retrospective study design was involved to review files of patients with kidney failure at Royal Medical Services. A total of 263 files were reviewed for kidney function tests over a period of three months. After the end of data collection, data were analyzed employing SPSS V20. The representation of data was as means and standard deviations. Kinetic changes were tested using paired T-test. Significance between variables was considered at an alpha < 0.05. Results Among study variable including Hematocrit (HCT), mean cell volume (MVC), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, phosphorous, calcium, albumin, sodium, and potassium, there were insignificant changes except for BUN (p=0.004), sodium (p=0.013), and potassium (p=0.000). Conclusion From the results, following changes in the level of kidney function tests help in assessment of renal failure status as the progression of disease can be monitored. Understanding and comparing various laboratory findings help in better monitoring of clinical status of patients.
Kinetic theory of low-frequency Alfvén modes in tokamaks

The kinetic theory of low-frequency Alfvén modes in tokamaks is presented. The inclusion of both diamagnetic effects and finite core-plasma ion compressibility generalizes previous theoretical analyses (Tsai S T and Chen L 1993 Phys. Fluids B 5 3284) of kinetic ballooning modes and clarifies their strong connection to beta-induced Alfvén eigenmodes. The derivation of an analytic mode dispersion relation allows us to study the linear stability of both types of modes as a function of the parameters characterizing the local plasma equilibrium and to demonstrate that the most unstable regime corresponds to a strong coupling between the two branches due to the finite thermal ion temperature gradient. In addition, we also show that, under certain circumstances, non-collective modes may be present in the plasma, formed as a superposition of local oscillations which are quasi-exponentially growing in time.
Blind Carrier Frequency Offset Estimator for Discrete Multi Tone System

In this paper, a new blind Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO) estimation algorithm for Discrete Multi Tone (DMT) system is obtained by introducing the Propagator Method (PM) in conjunction with the well- known MUSIC based high resolution searching algorithm. Furthermore, the PM does not require the eigen value decomposition (EVD) or singular value decomposition (SVD) of the covariance matrix of the received signals; computer simulations are also included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in comparison with other conventional methods.