Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Empirical Bayes Approach to Growth Curve Analysis

Consider an experiment designed to compare G treatments in terms of the pattem of change over time in a variable Y Suppose that treatment group i consists of n i subjects and that, for subject j in treatment group i, values y ij1 , y ij2 ,. y ijK of the variable Yare observed at times t 1 , t 2 ,. ,t K . Assume that y ijKk =F(i, t k ) + b ij + e ijk where {b ij } are independent and identically distributed (IID) N(0, σ 1 2 ) and {e ijk } are IID N(0, σ 2 ). We consider the estimation of the function F and the testing of the homogeneity hypothesis that, for i ? j, F(i, t) - F(i, t) does not depend on t. The function F(i, t) is modelled as a Gaussian process which seeks to quantify the notions that, for each i, F(i, t) is a slowly changing function of t and that, for i ? j, F(i, t) and F(j, t) are in some sense similar. We estimate F(i, t) by its posterior mean given all the data. This Bayes estimate is shown to be equivalent to a particular form of penalized likelihood estimation. We propose a data-based method for setting the parameters of the Gaussian process prior, develop a test of the homogeneity hypothesis, report the results of a Monte Carlo study illustrating the effectiveness of the proposed methodology and apply the methods to a study comparing the responses over time of rabbits to four insulin treatments.
A Step Towards a Conicting Part of a Belief Function on Three-element Frame of Discernment ∗

Frequently, belief functions (12) usually contain an internal conflict. Based on Hajek-Valdes algebraic analysis of belief functions (10), a unique decomposition of a belief function into its conflicting and non-conflicting part was introduced at ISIPTA'11 symposium for belief functions defined on two-element frame of discernment (3). This contribution studies the conditions under which such a decomposition exists for belief functions (BFs) defined on three-element frame. For all necessary basic notions, illuminative figures, and references see (3). When combining belief functions, a more complicated conflict often appears. Commonly used interpretation of the sum of conflicting masses m \ ⃝(∅) as a conflict between BFs is not correct. The problem of this interpretation was mentioned by Almond in 1995 (1), further by Liu (11), but the nature of the conflict has not been captured. In (2, 7, 8), new ideas concerning interpretation, definition, and measurement of conflicts of BFs were introduced. An important difference between conflicts between BFs and internal conflicts of single BFs was pointed out; further, a conflict between BFs was distinguished from the difference/distance between BFs. When analyzing mathematical properties of the three approaches to conflicts of BFs from (2), there appears a possibility of expression of a BF Bel as Dempster's sum of non-conflicting BF Bel0 with the same plausibility decisional support as the original BF Bel has and of indecisive BF BelS which does not prefer any of the elements of frame of discernment. As only structures are described in the introduction to generalization of Hajek-Valdes analysis of BFs (5, 6), this study begins with an effort to make a generalization of Hajek-Valdes operation −(a;b) = (b;a) and of the important homomorphism f : (D0; ⊕; −; 0; 0 ' ) −→ (S; ⊕; −; 0) given by f (a;b) = (a;b) ⊕ −(a;b), where ⊕ is Demspter's rule of combination. Considering function '−' as transposition (permutation) of bbms of elements of the frame of discernment, we have f (a;b) = (a;b) ⊕ (b;a) as Dempster's sum of all permutations of bbms of Bel = (a;b) on Ω2. Analogously we can define f (Bel) = ⊕
Engineered Vasculature for Cancer Research and Regenerative Medicine

Engineered human tissues created by three-dimensional cell culture of human cells in a hydrogel are becoming emerging model systems for cancer drug discovery and regenerative medicine. Complex functional engineered tissues can also assist in the regeneration, repair, or replacement of human tissues. However, one of the main hurdles for tissue engineering, three-dimensional cell culture, and regenerative medicine is the capability of delivering nutrients and oxygen to cells through the vasculatures. Several studies have investigated different strategies to create a functional vascular system in engineered tissues and organ-on-a-chips. Engineered vasculatures have been used for the studies of angiogenesis, vasculogenesis, as well as drug and cell transports across the endothelium. Moreover, vascular engineering allows the creation of large functional vascular conduits for regenerative medicine purposes. However, there are still many challenges in the creation of vascularized tissue constructs and their biological applications. This review will summarize the latest efforts to create vasculatures and vascularized tissues for cancer research and regenerative medicine.
An adaptive finite-element method for image representation

A multiresolution image representation is proposed as a basis for constructing an approximation to an original image. The method is based on adaptive finite elements, a technique used in applied mathematics to solve numerically partial differential equations while preserving important features of the solution at different scales. Theory and experiments suggest that adaptive finite elements is a natural and computationally-powerful approach to image approximation problems. The particular representation is based on hierarchical finite elements. A multiresolution algorithm computes the solution to the approximation problem in O(N) time on a sequential machine and in O(logN) time on a single-instruction, multiple-data, fine-grain parallel architecture, where N is the number of pixels in the image. Applications to the problems of image compression and restoration are given. <<ETX>>
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF SUBSPACE BASED METHODS

In this paper, we analyze the performance of two subspace based methods, ESPRIT, and the Toeplitz Approximation Method (TAM), for estimating the direction of arrival (DOA) of plane waves in white noise. In the case of a linear equispaced sensor array, it is shown that ESPRIT, like TAM, can be treated via a state space formulation leading to interesting insights. The state transition matrix estimated by ESPRIT is shown to be related to that obtained by TAM by a diagonal similarity transformation. The performance of these methods is also analyzed. In particular, aysmptotic results for the mean squared error in the estimates of the direction of arrival are derived for each of the above mentioned methods. Simple closed form expressions for the one source case are derived, and compared with the corresponding expressions for the Minimum-Norm method and MUSIC. Computer simulations are provided to substantiate the analysis.
Adaptive Balance Optimizer: A New Adaptive Metaheuristic and its Application in Solving Optimization Problem in Finance

—Adaptability becomes important in developing metaheuristic algorithms, especially in tackling stagnation. Unfortunately, almost all metaheuristics are not equipped with an adaptive approach that makes them change their strategy when stagnation happens during iteration. Based on this consideration, a new metaheuristic, called an adaptive balance optimizer (ABO), is proposed in this paper. ABO's unique strategy focuses on exploitation when improvement happens and switching to exploration during stagnation. ABO also uses a balanced strategy between exploration and exploitation by performing two sequential searches, whatever circumstance it faces. These sequential searches consist of one guided search and one random search. Moreover, ABO also deploys both a strict acceptance approach and a non-strict acceptance approach. In this work, ABO is challenged to solve a set of 23 classic functions as a theoretical optimization problem and a portfolio optimization problem as the use case for the practical optimization problem. In portfolio optimization, ABO should optimize the quantity of ten stocks in the energy and mining sector listed in the IDX30 index. In this evaluation, ABO is competed with five other metaheuristics: marine predator algorithm (MPA), golden search optimizer (GSO), slime mold algorithm (SMA), northern goshawk optimizer (NGO), and zebra optimization algorithm (ZOA). The simulation result shows that ABO is better than MPA, GSO, SMA, NGO, and ZOA in solving 21, 18, 16, 11, and 8, respectively, in solving 23 functions. Meanwhile, ABO becomes the third-best performer in solving the portfolio optimization problem.
Simultaneous retrieval of multiparameters in a frequency domain radiative transfer problem using an improved pdf-based aco algorithm

ABSTRACT Inspired by the particle swarm optimization algorithm, an improved ant colony optimization algorithm based on probability density function (IPDF-ACO) was developed for solving the inverse problem of frequency domain radiative transfer in a one-dimensional participating medium. The plural hemispherical reflectance and transmittance simulated by the finite-volume method served as input of the inverse analysis. The extinction coefficient, scattering albedo, and asymmetry parameter were retrieved simultaneously by using the amplitude and phase information as measured values. Through five test cases, the IPDF-ACO proved to be more accurate and efficient than the basic PDF-ACO even with noisy data.
Combinatorial Relations and Chromatic Graphs

1. Introduction. The following elementary logical problem was a question in the William Lowell Putnam Mathematical Competition held in March 1953 (1): Six points are in general position in space (no three in a line, no four in a plane). The fifteen line segments joining them in pairs are drawn, and then painted, some segments red, some blue. Prove that some triangle has all its sides the same color.
Studies on Environmental Influence and Different Months of Transplanting on Growth, Yield and Quality of Tomato Hybrid COTH 2

An experiment was conducted at Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai, during 2011-12 to study the production potentials of tomato hybrid COTH 2 under naturally ventilated polyhouse and open condition. Observations on biometric and quality traits were made at every month of planting so as to study the environmental influence on growth, yield and quality of tomato. Plants grown under naturally ventilated polyhouse exhibited superior performance in terms of robust growth, early flowering, extended duration, the highest yield and good quality fruits. The tallest plants (187.3 cm) were obtained in October planting in polyhouse as compared to open field condition. Plants grown in polyhouse also exhibited early flowering in 26 days of transplanting. All the other vegetative and reproductive traits viz., number of branches (4.80), number of flowers per plant (39.65), number of fruits per plant (52.4), fruit length (6.20cm), fruit girth (13.83 cm), fruit weight (71.3 g), dry matter production (121.49 g) and fruit yield per plant (3.70 kg/plant) was found to be the highest during the month of October closely followed by September planting in naturally ventilated polyhouse. Whereas in open condition, planting during the months of June, July enhanced biometric characters. The yield was almost tripled under polyhouse condition, as compared to open field planting. The biochemical constituents viz., Ascorbic acid and TSS were found to be influenced by the growing environment.
Low-Entropy Computational Geometry

The worst-case model for algorithm design does not always reflect the real world: inputs may have additional structure to be exploited, and sometimes data can be imprecise or become available only gradually. To better understand these situations, we examine several scenarios where additional information can affect the design and analysis of geometric algorithms. First, we consider hereditary convex hulls: given a three-dimensional convex polytope and a two-coloring of its vertices, we can find the individual monochromatic polytopes in linear expected time. This can be generalized in many ways, eg, to more than two colors, and to the offline-problem where we wish to preprocess a polytope so that any large enough subpolytope can be found quickly. Our techniques can also be used to give a simple analysis of the self-improving algorithm for planar Delaunay triangulations by Clarkson and Seshadhri [58]. Next, we assume that the point coordinates have a bounded number of bits, and that we can do standard bit manipulations in constant time. Then Delaunay triangulations can be found in expected time O(n √ log log n). Our result is based on a new connection between quadtrees and Delaunay triangulations, which also lets us generalize a recent result by Loffler and Snoeyink about Delaunay triangulations for imprecise points [110]. Finally, we consider randomized incremental constructions when the input permutation is generated by a bounded-degree Markov chain, and show that the resulting running time is almost optimal for chains with a constant eigenvalue gap.
Design of new wideband waveguide Magic‐T for X‐band applications

The design and fabrication of low loss and wideband Magic‐T with 10 dB return loss (RL) bandwidth over 40% is proposed for X‐band application, which can be used in monopulse comparator network. The proposed Magic‐T is composed of WR90 waveguides include an exponentially conducting cone, metallic multistep l‐shaped septum, and some other conducting posts. By implementation of these optimized conducting cone, septum, and posts, the 20 dB RL bandwidth over 36% is achieved with very low insertion loss (IL) (<0.15 dB) at each port. Moreover, high isolation (>40 dB) across all port over X‐band is another feature of the proposed Magic‐T. The equal power division (in amplitude and phase) at H‐arm and phase cancellation of input power at E‐arm introduce the proposed Magic‐T as a good candidate for sum/difference comparator network for monopulse application. Validation of the simulation results by experimental ones proves the wideband RL, low IL, and high isolation coefficient of the proposed high‐power Magic‐T as well.
Elemental stoichiometry and Rock-Eval® thermal stability of organic matter in French topsoils

Abstract. The quality and quantity of soil organic matter (SOM) are key elements that impact soil health and climate regulation by soils. The Rock-Eval® thermal analysis technique is becoming more commonly used, as it represents a powerful method for SOM characterization by providing insights into bulk SOM chemistry and thermal stability. In this study, we applied this technique on a large soil sample set from the first campaign (2000–2009) of the French Soil Quality Monitoring Network (RMQS – Réseau de mesures de la qualité des sols). Based on our analyses of ca. 2000 composite surface (0–30 cm) samples collected across mainland France, we observed a significant impact of land cover on both the SOM thermal stability and elemental stoichiometry. Cropland soils had a lower mean hydrogen index value (a proxy for the SOM H/C ratio) and a higher thermal stability than grasslands and forests. Regarding the oxygen index (a proxy for the SOM O/C ratio), we observed significant differences among the values for croplands, grasslands, and forests. Positive correlations of the temperature parameters with the clay content and pH highlight the protective effect of clay on organic matter as well as the impact of pH on microorganisms' mineralization activity. Surprisingly, we found weak effects of climatic parameters on the thermal stability and stoichiometry of SOM. Our data suggest that topsoil SOM is on average more oxidized and biogeochemically stable in croplands. More generally, the high number and even distribution of data across the whole French territory allow one to build a national interpretative reference for these indicators in surface soils.
KNDy neurones and GnRH/LH pulse generation: Current understanding and future aspects

Uncovering the central mechanism underlying mammalian reproduction is warranted to develop new therapeutic approaches for reproductive disorders in humans and domestic animals. The present study focused on the role of arcuate kisspeptin neurones (also known as KNDy neurones) as an intrinsic gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse generator, which plays a fundamental role in mammalian reproduction via the stimulation of pituitary gonadotropin synthesis and release and thereby in gametogenesis and steroidogenesis in the gonads of mammals. We also discuss the mechanism that inhibits pulsatile GnRH/gonadotropin release under a negative energy balance, considering that reproductive disorders often occur during malnutrition in humans and livestock.
Low-Cost Indirect Measurements for Power-Efficient In-Field Optimization of Configurable Analog Front-Ends with Self-X Properties: A Hardware Implementation

This paper presents a practical implementation and measurement results of power-efficient chip performance optimization, utilizing low-cost indirect measurement methods to support self-X properties (self-calibration, self-healing, self-optimization, etc.) for in-field optimization of analog front-end sensory electronics with XFAB 0.35 µm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The reconfigurable, fully differential indirect current-feedback instrumentation amplifier (CFIA) performance is intrinsically optimized by employing a single test sinusoidal signal stimulus and measuring the total harmonic distortion (THD) at the output. To enhance the optimization process, the experience replay particle swarm optimization (ERPSO) algorithm is utilized as an artificial intelligence (AI) agent, implemented at the hardware level, to optimize the performance characteristics of the CFIA. The ERPSO algorithm extends the selection producer capabilities of the classical PSO methodology by incorporating an experience replay buffer to mitigate the likelihood of being trapped in local optima. Furthermore, the CFIA circuit has been integrated with a simple power-monitoring module to assess the power consumption of the optimization solution, to achieve a power-efficient and reliable configuration. The optimized chip performance showed an approximate 34% increase in power efficiency while achieving a targeted THD value of −72 dB, utilizing a 1 Vp-p differential input signal with a frequency of 1 MHz, and consuming approximately 53 mW of power. Preliminary tests conducted on the fabricated chip, using the default configuration pattern extrapolated from post-layout simulations, revealed an unacceptable performance behavior of the CFIA. Nevertheless, the proposed in-field optimization successfully restored the circuit’s performance, resulting in a robust design that meets the performance achieved in the design phase.
Compuestos bioactivos de canela y su efecto en la disminución del síndrome metabólico: revisión sistemática

Introducción. El síndrome metabólico (SM) aumenta el ingreso hospitalario y el riesgo de desarrollar COVID-19, los fármacos utilizados para su tratamiento ocasionan efectos secundarios por lo que se ha optado por la búsqueda de alternativas terapéuticas a base de compuestos bioactivos contenidos en plantas medicinales. La canela se utiliza como agente terapéutico debido a sus propiedades comprobadas con diversos mecanismos de acción reportados en el tratamiento de varias patologías. Objetivo. Documentar los estudios in vitro, in vivo, estudios clínicos y los mecanismos de acción reportados del efecto de la administración de extractos y polvo de canela en las comorbilidades relacionadas con el SM. Materiales y métodos. Revisión sistemàtica de artículos en bases de datos electrónicas, incluyendo estudios de canela en polvo, extractos acuosos, de acetato de etilo y metanol de la corteza de canela, período de 5 años, excluyendo todo artículo relacionado a su efecto antimicrobiano, antifúngico y aceite de canela. Resultados. Las evidencias de los principales compuestos bioactivos contenidos en la canela validan su potencial en el tratamiento de enfermedades relacionadas al SM, con limitados estudios que indagan en los mecanismos de acción correspondientes a sus actividades biológicas. Conclusiones. Las evidencias de las investigaciones validan su potencial en el tratamiento de estas patologías, debido a sus principales compuestos bioactivos: cinamaldehído, transcinamaldehído, ácido cinámico, eugenol y, antioxidantes del tipo proantocianidinas A y flavonoides, los cuales participan en diversos mecanismos de acción que activan e inhiben enzimas, con efecto hipoglucemiante (quinasa y fosfatasa), antiobesogénico (UPC1), antiinflamatorio (NOS y COX), hipolipemiante (HMG-CoA) y antihipertensivo (ECA)
A POD-based solver for the advection-diffusion equation

We present a methodology based on proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). We have implemented the POD-based solver in the large eddy simulation code Nek5000 and used it to solve the advection-diffusion equation for temperature in cases where buoyancy is not present. POD allows for the identification of the most energetic modes of turbulence when applied to a sufficient set of snapshots generated through Nek5000. The Navier-Stokes equations are then reduced to a set of ordinary differential equations by Galerkin projection. The flow field is reconstructed and used to advect the temperature on longer time scales and potentially coarser grids. The methodology is validated and tested on two problems: two-dimensional flow past a cylinder and three-dimensional flow in T-junctions. For the latter case, the benchmark chosen corresponds to the experiments of Hirota et al., who performed particle image velocimetry on the flow in a counterflow T-junction. In both test problems the dynamics of the reduced-order model reproduce well the history of the projected modes when a sufficient number of equations are considered. The dynamics of flow evolution and the interaction of different modes are also studied in detail for the T-junction. © 2011 ASME
A hybrid method for fast and efficient rough surface generation

Since many years, the pioneering work of Hu and Tonder is used to generate rough surfaces with prescribed statistical moments (skewness and kurtosis) along with spatial properties (correlation lengths). The present work enlightens the drawbacks of this method and it proposes an original approach based on a hybrid analytical/numerical method. Simulations are conducted on very different surface specimens and the method is validated over a wide range of statistical moments. The results are obtained with high accuracy (beyond what is usually needed) and very short computing times (the order of a second).