Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is Correlation Ranking Really Reliable for the Performance Counter Selection Conducted for Power Estimation?

Power estimation is of great value to power-aware adaptation and power provisioning in computing platforms. Performance counter measurements are widely used as main input of the power estimation. However, the number of hardware counters that can be simultaneously measured is relatively small, and the number of OS-level counters is usually far from endurable. As a result, how to pick up the most significant counters becomes an important pre-step of performance counters based power consumption modeling. As the most important criteria of counter selection, correlation between counter measurement and power dissipation has been widely used for several decades, and thus correlation ranking becomes a typical technique for counter selection. However, few works discuss its accuracy and the question why it should be the general first priority. This paper investigates the weightiness of the correlation ranking in counter selection for power estimation. Through comparing correlation ranking with several popular feature selection approaches on tremendous workloads on single and multiple core platforms, we obtain that correlation ranking is not optimal on a large number of benchmarks. Therefore, it can be concluded that correlation ranking should not be generally considered as the first priority to select performance counters. This paper provides an indication for potential researchers to be aware of these issues when estimating power dissipation.
Primary Mediastinal Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma

Primary mediastinal Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) is rare. Nodular sclerosis CHL (NS-CHL) is the most common subtype involving the anterior mediastinum and/or mediastinal lymph nodes. Primary thymic CHL is exceedingly rare. The disease typically affects young women and is asymptomatic in 30% to 50% of patients. Common symptoms include fatigue, chest pain, dyspnea and cough, but vary depending on the location and size of the tumor. B-symptoms develop in 30% of cases. By imaging, primary mediastinal CHL presents as mediastinal widening/mediastinal mass that does not invade adjacent organs but may compress vital structures as bulky disease. Histopathology is the gold standard for diagnosis. Primary mediastinal NS-CHL consists of nodules of polymorphous inflammatory cells surrounded by broad fibrous bands extending from a thickened lymph node capsule. The cellular nodules contain variable numbers of large Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg cells, required for diagnosis. Primary thymic CHL may exhibit prominent cystic changes. The histopathologic recognition of NS-CHL can be challenging in cases with prominent fibrosis, scant cellularity, artifactual cell distortion, or an exuberant granulomatous reaction. The differential diagnosis includes primary mediastinal non-HLs, mediastinal germ cell tumors, thymoma, and metastatic carcinoma or melanoma to the mediastinum. Distinction from primary mediastinal non-HLs is crucial for adequate therapeutic decisions. Approximately 95% of patients with primary mediastinal CHL will be alive and free of disease at 10 years after treatment with short courses of combined chemoradiotherapy. In this review, we discuss the history, classification, epidemiology, clinicoradiologic features, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, differential diagnosis, and treatment of primary mediastinal CHL.
Cognitive Signals in the Primate Motor Thalamus Predict Saccade Timing

We often generate movements without any external event that immediately triggers them. How the brain decides the timing of self-initiated movements remains unclear. Previous studies suggest that the basal ganglia–thalamocortical pathways play this role, but the subcortical signals that determine movement timing have not been identified. The present study reports that a subset of thalamic neurons predicts the timing of self-initiated saccadic eye movements. When monkeys made a saccade in response to the fixation point (FP) offset in the traditional memory saccade task, neurons in the ventrolateral and the ventroanterior nuclei of the thalamus exhibited a gradual buildup of activity that peaked around the most probable time of the FP offset; however, neither the timing nor the magnitude of neuronal activity correlated with saccade latencies, suggesting that the brain is unlikely to have used this information to decide the times of saccades in the traditional memory saccade task. In contrast, when monkeys were required to make a self-timed saccade within a fixed time interval after an external cue, the same neurons again exhibited a strong buildup of activity that preceded saccades by several hundred milliseconds, showing a close correlation between the times of neuronal activity and the times of self-initiated saccades. The results suggest that neurons in the motor thalamus carry subjective time information, which is used by cortical networks to determine the timing of self-initiated saccades.
The impact of common e-business interfaces

Business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce has great potential to create new efficiencies for industries and their supply chains. While Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) over private networks has been used extensively for data interchange among large enterprises, it has had limitations of cost and rigid format specification that have precluded widespread adoption. Further, due to its batched nature, EDI is not well-suited to intensive real-time information exchange and application integration needed for supply chain activities such as collaborative forecasting and inventory management. A number of supply chains now use just-in-time manufacturing processes and require quick access to information received from partner enterprises that EDI does not support. EDI does provide the connectivity and structured data interfaces needed for exchange of business information in one-to-one relationships, but it does not support process standards that would specify how IT applications at dynamic partnering enterprises need to process this data. Data interchange using the Internet infrastructure has emerged as a viable platform for commerce, particularly due to the eXtensible Markup Language (XML) specification for document markup that eliminates the need to find a common application interface (API) for integrating inter-enterprise applications. XML-based dialogs among applications at different enterprises can define business processes between trading partners. A continuing obstacle to widespread B2B commerce over the Internet, using XML documents as the payload, is the lack of business standards that would lay out the document schemas and the conditional choreography of document exchanges needed to complete a business process extended across multiple enterprises [2]. Without such standards, there is no common vocabulary to describe products, there is low visibility in the supply chain as sell-through information is difficult to aggregate, there
A Cluster Randomized-Controlled Trial of the Impact of the Tools of the Mind Curriculum on Self-Regulation in Canadian Preschoolers

Early self-regulation predicts school readiness, academic success, and quality of life in adulthood. Its development in the preschool years is rapid and also malleable. Thus, preschool curricula that promote the development of self-regulation may help set children on a more positive developmental trajectory. We conducted a cluster-randomized controlled trial of the Tools of the Mind preschool curriculum, a program that targets self-regulation through imaginative play and self-regulatory language (Tools; clinical trials identifier NCT02462733). Previous research with Tools is limited, with mixed evidence of its effectiveness. Moreover, it is unclear whether it would benefit all preschoolers or primarily those with poorly developed cognitive capacities (e.g., language, executive function, attention). The study goals were to ascertain whether the Tools program leads to greater gains in self-regulation compared to Playing to Learn (YMCA PTL), another play based program that does not target self-regulation specifically, and whether the effects were moderated by children’s initial language and hyperactivity/inattention. Two hundred and sixty 3- to 4-year-olds attending 20 largely urban daycares were randomly assigned, at the site level, to receive either Tools or YMCA PTL (the business-as-usual curriculum) for 15 months. We assessed self-regulation at pre-, mid and post intervention, using two executive function tasks, and two questionnaires regarding behavior at home and at school, to capture development in cognitive as well as socio-emotional aspects of self-regulation. Fidelity data showed that only the teachers at the Tools sites implemented Tools, and did so with reasonable success. We found that children who received Tools made greater gains on a behavioral measure of executive function than their YMCA PTL peers, but the difference was significant only for those children whose parents rated them high in hyperactivity/inattention initially. The effect of Tools did not vary with children’s initial language skills. We suggest that, as both programs promote quality play and that the two groups fared similarly well overall, Tools and YMCA PTL may be effective curricula choices for a diverse preschool classroom. However, Tools may be advantageous in classrooms with children experiencing greater challenges with self-regulation, at no apparent cost to those less challenged in this regard.
A survey on annotation tools for the biomedical literature

New approaches to biomedical text mining crucially depend on the existence of comprehensive annotated corpora. Such corpora, commonly called gold standards, are important for learning patterns or models during the training phase, for evaluating and comparing the performance of algorithms and also for better understanding the information sought for by means of examples. Gold standards depend on human understanding and manual annotation of natural language text. This process is very time-consuming and expensive because it requires high intellectual effort from domain experts. Accordingly, the lack of gold standards is considered as one of the main bottlenecks for developing novel text mining methods. This situation led the development of tools that support humans in annotating texts. Such tools should be intuitive to use, should support a range of different input formats, should include visualization of annotated texts and should generate an easy-to-parse output format. Today, a range of tools which implement some of these functionalities are available. In this survey, we present a comprehensive survey of tools for supporting annotation of biomedical texts. Altogether, we considered almost 30 tools, 13 of which were selected for an in-depth comparison. The comparison was performed using predefined criteria and was accompanied by hands-on experiences whenever possible. Our survey shows that current tools can support many of the tasks in biomedical text annotation in a satisfying manner, but also that no tool can be considered as a true comprehensive solution.
Parallel repetition in projection games and a concentration bound

In a two player game, a referee asks two cooperating players (who are not allowed to communicate) questions sampled from some distribution and decides whether they win or not based on some predicate of the questions and their answers. The parallel repetition of the game is the game in which the referee samples n independent pairs of questions and sends corresponding questions to the players simultaneously. The players may now answer each question in a way that depends on the other questions they are asked. If the players cannot win the original game with probability better than (1-ε), what's the best they can do in the repeated game? We improve earlier results of Raz and Holenstein, which showed that the players cannot win all copies in the repeated game with probability better than (1-ε3)Ω(n/c) (here c is the length of the answers in the game), in the following ways: We prove the bound (1-ε2)Ω(n) as long as the game is a "projection game", the type of game most commonly used in hardness of approximation results. Our bound is independent of the answer length and has a better dependence on ε. By the recent work of Raz, this bound is essentially tight. A consequence of this bound is to the Unique Games Conjecture of Khot. Many tight or almost tight hardness of approximation results have been proved using the Unique Games Conjecture, so it would be very interesting to prove this conjecture. We make progress towards this goal by showing that it suffices to prove the following easier statement: {Unique Games Conjecture} For every δ,ε> 0, there exists an alphabet size M(ε) such that it is NP-hard to distinguish a Unique Game with alphabet size M for which a 1-ε2 fraction of the constraints can be satisfied from one in which a 1-ε1-δ fraction of the constraints can be satisfied. We also prove a concentration bound for parallel repetition (of general games) showing that for any constant 0<δ <ε, the probability that the players win a (1-ε+δ) fraction of the games in the parallel repetition is at most exp(-Ω(δ4 n/c)). An application of this is in testing Bell Inequalities. Our result implies that the parallel repetition of the CHSH game can be used to get an experiment that has a very large classical versus quantum gap.
Evaluating Algorithms for Detection of Compromised Social Media User Accounts

Hijacking of user accounts on Online Social Networks (OSNs) such as Twitter is increasingly used for purposes such as large-scale spam campaigns and cyber crime-related scams and phishing attacks, but also for purposes such as spreading terrorism propaganda and as part of information operations in political and military conflicts. We present a novel method for evaluation of the performance of algorithms for detection of compromised social media accounts. In short, we create two artificially "hijacked accounts" by randomly selecting two genuine user accounts and after a number of successive posts switch the remaining posts between them. This allows us to create large amounts of training and/or test data, something which is not easy to find for this problem. Further, the developed method is utilized to evaluate the performance of a modified version of the existing COMPA system.
To Dance in the Orchestra: A Circular Argument

The word orchestra first appears in extant literary sources of the 4th century BCE and begins to identify a specific element of theatre building only in the mid 4th century. Recent archaeological evidence demonstrates that a rounded or circular dancing space was first introduced to theatres in the mid 4th century, replacing the rectilinear dancing spaces of theatres up to this point. This paper suggests that these two innovations are related: the word orchestra came into use to identify circular orchestrai that were built in the course of the 4th century. It would, therefore, be useful to distinguish the rectilinear dancing places of 5th-century theatres from the later circular orchestra by using a different term (perhaps khoros). The paper concludes that literary sources support archaeological evidence that the theatron, not the orchestra, was the primary element of the theatre building. Although the religious and political functions of ancient theatres are by no means mutually exclusive, scholarly derivation of drama from poetry, choral lyric or early religious ritual sometimes marginalizes the history of the building’s political utility. 1 In particular, architectural histories of theatres used to trace the origin of the building to a circular dancing ground, of religious and cult significance, as the forerunner of the theatre’s orchestra. However, archaeological excavations and reevaluations of old sites have shown that it is much more likely that the earliest theatres (6th through 5th centuries) were not semicircular, but rectilinear, and, more importantly, that
An Investigation of the Factors Influencing West Virginia Educators’ Decisions to Pursue the Principalship

ii DEDICATION . iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . iv LIST OF TABLES . vii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 Background . 4 Problem Statement . 9 Research Questions . 9 Operational Definitions . 10 Significance . 10 Methods . 12 Participants . 12 Limitations . 12 Summary . 13 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW . 14 Introduction . 14 The Changing Role of the Principal . 15 Principal Shortages . 18 National Shortages.19 West Virginia Shortages . 21 Reported Deterrents to Entering the Principalship . 22 Insufficient Compensation . 23 Overwhelming Responsibilities . 26 Time Demands.28 High Level of Stress . 30 Accountability . 33 Strain on Family Life.34 Negative Parental or Community Relations . 36 Lack of Support . 37 Motivational Theories . 38 Reported Motivating Factors . 40 Solutions to the Principal Shortage . 43 Summary . 46 CHAPTER 3: METHODS . 48 Introduction . 48 vi Research Questions . 48 Design . 49 Participants . 49 Instrumentation . 50 Validation of Instrument . 50 Data Collection and Analysis . 51 Summary . 51 CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS.52 Introduction . 52 Sample and Demographics . 52 Data Collection . 52 Major Findings . 57 CHAPTER 5: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION.61 Summary of Purpose . 61 Summary of Population/Sample . 62 Summary of Methods . 62 Summary of Findings . 63 Conclusion and Discussion . 64 Implications . 67 Recommendations . 68 REFERENCES . 70 APPENDIX A: SURVEY INSTRUMENT . 81 APPENDIX B: IRB APPROVAL . 84 APPENDIX C: SURVEY CONSENT LETTER . 86 APPENDIX D: EMAIL REMINDER . 88 APPENDIX E: REVISED SURVEY CONSENT LETTER . 90 CURRICULUM VITAE . 92
Citizenship and National Identity

Introduction. 1. Deliberative Democracy and Social Choice. 2. In Defence of Nationality. 3. Citizenship and Pluralism. 4. Group Identities, National Identities and Democratic Politics. 5. Bounded Citizenship. 6. Communitarianism, Left, Right and Centre. 7. Secession and the Principle of Nationality. 8. Nationality in Divided Societies. 9. Is Deliberative Democracy Unfair to Disadvantaged Minorities? 10. National Self--Determination and Global Justice. Notes. Index.
The case for bushmeat as a component of development policy: issues and challenges

This paper is concerned with an often-neglected class of NTFPs with important livelihoods dimensions, namely animals hunted for consumptive use linked to local livelihoods. For simplicity’s sake, the colloquial African term ‘bushmeat’ is used to describe the class, despite its geographical restrictions and (for some) alleged colonial connotations. Non-consumptive uses are not considered here. The paper focuses on the question: ‘Why should bushmeat be of concern to international development policy? ’ It is suggested that the answer is two-fold. On the one hand, the safety-net functions of bushmeat and similar forest products are crucial to the livelihoods of the poor in the humid tropics, particularly in areas with little immediate prospect of transformation out of poverty. And on the other, progress in the management of internationally high profile and emotive resources such as wildlife raises important issues in governance and may leverage broader governance benefits. The paper argues the case for the centrality of a livelihoods perspective in the development of public policy on forest governance. The paper is in three sections. The first provides a reminder of the scale of the bushmeat trade, and the conservation and welfare issues which this raises. The second examines the evidence concerning the role played by bushmeat in the livelihoods of the poor. And the third considers the potential, which exists for bushmeat to figure as a component of improved governance. The case for bushmeat as a component of development policy: issues and challenges
Framing Moves: Interpretive Politics at the Federal Reserve

Interpretive politics is a contest over the framing of ideas. In the context of closed-door, elite policymaking groups, interpretive politics shapes the thinking of both group members and the wider community of stakeholders. This article identifies a temporal structure to interpretive politics in group policymaking settings and a related set of ‘‘framing moves. ’’ Framing moves are actions taken by meeting participants to challenge existing policy frames and to project new ones. These moves correspond to the unfolding interpretive task of the meeting. The article explores interpretive politics at policy meetings of the Federal Reserve. I will examine the interpretive politics that characterize the group’s efforts to enact a major policy change. Data are drawn from verbatim transcripts of meetings at which a major policy change was debated and approved. of
Role of myosin heavy chain composition in the stretch activation response of rat myocardium

The speed and force of myocardial contraction during systolic ejection is largely dependent on the intrinsic contractile properties of cardiac myocytes. As the myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform of cardiac muscle is an important determinant of the contractile properties of individual myocytes, we studied the effects of altered MHC isoform expression in rat myocardium on the mechanical properties of skinned ventricular preparations. Skinned myocardium from thyroidectomized rats expressing only the β MHC isoform displayed rates of force redevelopment that were about 2.5‐fold slower than in myocardium from hyperthyroid rats expressing only the α MHC isoform, but the amount of force generated at a given level of Ca2+ activation was not different. Because recent studies suggest that the stretch activation response in myocardium has an important role in systolic function, we also examined the effect of MHC isoform expression on the stretch activation response by applying a rapid stretch (1% of muscle length) to an otherwise isometrically contracting muscle fibre. Sudden stretch of myocardium resulted in a concomitant increase in force that quickly decayed to a minimum and was followed by a delayed redevelopment of force (i.e. stretch activation) to levels greater than prestretch force. β MHC expression dramatically slowed the overall rate of the stretch activation response compared to expression of α MHC isoform; specifically, the rate of force decay was ∼2‐fold slower and the rate of delayed force development was ∼2.5‐fold slower. In contrast, MHC isoform had no effect on the amplitude of the stretch activation response. Collectively, these data show that expression of β MHC in myocardium dramatically slows rates of cross‐bridge recruitment and detachment which would be expected to decrease power output and contribute to depressed systolic function in end‐stage heart failure.
Endoparasitic Helminths of various Species of Frogs in Penang island, Peninsular Malaysia

From this study a total of 300 frogs comprising of 14 species were collectedfrom eight study sites in Penang Island, Peninsular Malaysia: Duttaphrynus melanostictus, Phrynoidisaspera, Hylaranaerythraea, H. labialis, H. nigrovittata, Polypedates leucomystax, Fejervary acancrivora, F.limnocharis, Limnonectesblythii, L. paramacrodon, L. ibanorum, L. ingeri, Microhylabutleri, and Kaloulapulchra. Eleven (11) species of helminthes were recovered from the frogs: Heterakissp. , H. vesicularis, Trichostrongylussp. , Pharyngodonspp. , Ascarisspp. , Oswaldocruzia spp. , Rhabdias spp. ,Glypthelminsstaffordi, Diplodiscussacculosus, Manodistomum spp. , and Macracanthorynchus spp.