Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experimental considerations on thermomagnetic characteristics of temperature-sensitive magnetic cores

Experimental results of the thermomagnetic characteristics of temperature-sensitive magnetic cores, such as flux density, coercive force and rectangularity of hysteresis loop, are discussed in this paper. The flux-density-versus-temperature characteristic, which changes at constant rate over a wide temperature range, was obtained. It was found that this behavior was caused by fluctuations in the concentration of imperfections present in the sample. An irregular relation between temperature and coercive force was observed in the vicinity of the Curie point. This drastic increase of coercive force is qualitatively explained by Kersten's inclusion theory. Furthermore, the rectangularity of the hysteresis loop changes with temperature. In metal cores a slight increase of rectangularity was observed in the high-temperature region.
LMI-based algorithms for frequency weighted optimal H/sub 2/-norm model reduction

In this paper, algorithms based on the matrix inequality framework are derived to solve the frequency weighted optimal H/sub 2/ norm model reduction problem. As this problem involves a bilinear matrix inequality and thus is not directly solvable, two steps iterative schemes are used to approach the solution. The key-point of the paper is as following: it is shown how to use two different formulations of the problem to obtain a final algorithm that should avoid getting stuck into local minima and thus converge to the global solution. All proposed algorithms revealed a good behavior on several classical examples, whereas no demonstration has yet been found.
Radiocarbon sampling efforts for high-precision lake sediment chronologies

High-resolution chronologies with the best time control are key for comparing palaeoenvironmental studies with independent high-precision historical, archaeological or climatic data. Precise chronologies are also essential for inter-site comparisons of palaeo records at decadal to centennial time scales. We present an updated sediment chronology from Burgäschisee, a small and well-studied lake in the Swiss lowlands. The new age-depth relationship was generated using a large number of new radiocarbon samples of terrestrial plant remains extracted from the Burgäschisee sediments and Bayesian age-depth modelling. The results reveal 2σ uncertainties of only ±19 years for the entire record covering the Early Bronze Age (3800 cal. BP) to the Early Middle Ages (1150 cal. BP). The differences between four age-depth modelling techniques (Bayesian and non-Bayesian) are minor (around 25 years) and remain stable with lower radiocarbon date availability. The maximum age offset between the preliminary previously published and the refined chronology from Burgäschisee is 225 years. Our results demonstrate the importance of a rigorous subsampling strategy that includes a careful selection of the best terrestrial plant material and avoiding radiocarbon calibration plateaus whenever possible. The new chronology from Burgäschisee now allows a more accurate site-to-site comparison with archaeological, historical and other palaeoecological evidence from the region.
Modified noncausal smoothing filter and low rank matrix approximation for noise reduction

Removing noise in real time has become a high priority for analyzing data corrupted by additive noise. It is a major problem in various applications such as speech, image processing and real time multimedia services. Although considerable interest has arisen in recent years regarding wavelets as a new transform technique for many applications, the linear adaptive decomposition transform (LDT) has yielded results superior to the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) not only in terms of using a lower number of decomposition levels but also achieving a smaller percentage normalized approximation error in the reconstructed signal. In this paper, a novel noise reduction method, based on a modified noncausal smoothing filter and low rank approximation based upon the sum of minimum magnitude error criterion (i.e., l1 norm) is introduced that distinguishes itself from these other methods. The performance of the proposed approach was evaluated based on one dimensional data sets as well as speech samples. It is demonstrated that the approach yields very promising results on the test signals of the Donoho and Johnstone as well as to speech signals.
Guidelines for design of electromagnetically coupled microstrip patch antennas on two-layer substrates

Graphical guidelines for design of electromagnetically coupled square and circular microstrip antennas are given. Substrates composed of two different dielectric layers are considered. The analysis is extended to electrically thick substrates. Given the required resonant frequency and the bandwidth, material parameters are selected. Patch dimension and the optimal position of the feed line are obtained from the provided graphs. The design data were computed by applying the method of moments in the spectral domain to solve the integral equation for the currents on the patch and portion of the microstrip feed line. The integral equation was formulated using the appropriate dyadic Green function for the grounded multilayered slab. >
ELMs: MHD instabilities at the transport barrier

The ideal MHD model of peeling–ballooning modes for the onset of the edge localized mode (ELM) is reviewed with some of the previous results that lead to the present understanding of the MHD stability of the edge transport barrier. Extensions to the ideal MHD theory are discussed followed by recent developments in the observations, theory and simulations of the non-linear phase of the ELM and the peeling and ballooning modes.
Regrowth of oxide-embedded amorphous silicon studied with molecular dynamics

Classical molecular dynamics simulations are applied to the study of amorphous silicon regrowth in a nanodevice. A simplified atomistic amorphous nanostructure presenting the main features of a FinFET device is designed. A thermal treatment is used to simulate the annealing of the atomic model. The structure after annealing is very close to what observed experimentally, with perfect crystal near the silicon seed, an intermediate crystalline layer presenting [111] twins, and an upper terminal region of polysilicon. The comparison with 2D system suggests surface proximity effects that impact the probability to form grains and twins. As a consequence, it seems like the solid phase epitaxy was arrested in the nanostructure.
Who Is Teaching Introductory Statistics?

The growing popularity of the statistical sciences has brought about an unprecedented student demand for undergraduate statistics courses, especially courses of an introductory nature. The question of “Who Is Teaching Introductory Statistics? ” is at the core of whether over the next 50 years the discipline of statistics would be desired or feared. This commentary addresses compelling issues currently facing the status of statistics education in this nation.
Experimental investigation of a salt water turbulent boundary layer modified by an applied streamwise magnetohydrodynamic body force

Single‐component velocity field measurements, mean and fluctuating wall shear stress measurements, and photographic flow visualizations have been made of a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) body‐force modified turbulent boundary layer. The turbulent boundary layer flowed over a flat plate in salt water at zero pressure gradient; the MHD force was created by the interaction of a permanent magnetic field and an applied electric field from a magnet/electrode array integral to the surface of the plate. A MHD force, when applied to an electroconducting fluid and acting in a streamwise direction, can generate a near‐wall jet, decreasing the boundary layer thickness and suppressing the intensity of the turbulent fluctuations across the boundary layer. At very high interactions, the force causes an increase in mean wall shear and in turbulence; in the zero free‐stream velocity limit, the force acts as a pump. An increase in local skin friction, however, is offset by a grain in thrust due to the force. At moderate interac.
Evaporative winds in X-ray binaries

Evaporation of gas from the surface of HZ Her by Her X-1 and its implications regarding the mass transfer process are examined further. The powerful soft X-ray flux results in an evaporation rate greater than previous estimates. The evaporative flow is shown to be subsonic at first, with the result that the capture of evaporated gas by Her X-1 may be efficient, and the self-excited wind mechanism is possible. A criterion for stabilization of mass transfer by stellar wind mass loss is derived. Possible mechanisms for the long-period variability of HZ Her are discussed. Evaporative winds are also estimated for Sco X-1 and Cyg X-2 spectra.
The Diffraction of a Progressive Sound Wave by the Human Head

The increase in sound pressure at the eardrum over the free‐field pressure in a progressive sound field is caused by a combination effect of diffraction by the head and pinna and resonance in the auditory canal. In an earlier paper the pressure distribution in the auditory canal was determined on a number of subjects in a plane progressive sound field. Expressed in terms of the ratio of the sound pressure at the eardrum to that at the entrance of the ear canal, it was found to be essentially independent of the orientation of the observer with respect to the sound source, as might be expected from theory. This fact makes it possible to separate the two effects and to measure the diffraction by the head by inserting a probe microphone near the entrance of the ear canal and comparing the sound pressure measured there with the free‐field pressure. To the obstacle effect of head and pinna, so determined, the pressure increase due to resonance in the auditory canal is to be added. The subjects were placed in fr.
Optical low-coherence reflectometry for deflection measurement with a fiber Bragg grating cantilever sensor

Optical low-coherence reflectometry (OLCR) for deflection measurement with a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) cantilever sensor is proposed and experimentally demonstrated to reveal the internal structure of the sensing fiber in correlation with its optical properties, which is the first report on a spatial-resolved technique to realize dynamic deflection measurement. The change in the fiber length during a convex or concave deflection of the cantilever sensor detected by OLCR achieves simultaneous determination of the magnitude and direction of the deflection by the use of a standard single-mode telecommunication fiber inscribed with single grating. The FBG plays a key role in selecting pre-strain set point and compensating the environmental temperature fluctuations. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical analysis.
Calorimetric study of CO condensed into mesoporous silica

CO condensed into the 8 nm pores of SBA-15 porous silica has been studied by scanning calorimetry. The fractional filling has been varied. Melting/freezing as well as the $\ensuremath{\alpha}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\beta}$ structural phase transition occurs at temperatures lower than in the bulk state and show hysteresis between cooling and heating. Either phase transition gives rise to a single, though broadened peak of the heat capacity, quite in contrast to previous results on ${\text{H}}_{2}\text{O}$ and Ar in SBA-15, where the freezing anomaly is split into several components.
An Orthogonal Beamforming Network Synthesis Method Based on Complex Givens Rotation Matrix

This letter studies the possibility of synthesizing an orthogonal beamforming network (BFN) with an arbitrary number of inputs and outputs and beam-shaping functions. The proposed synthesis approach is based on complex Givens rotation matrices and is realized through the optimized program. First, it is derived that a complex Givens rotation matrix can represent a directional coupler with corresponding power ratio and phase difference. Then, this letter presents a computer-aided program to synthesize BFN that combines matrix cascading techniques and optimization algorithms, achieving beam shaping function. For validating the proposed synthesis approach, an example of an orthogonal 2 × 6 BFN with flat-topped radiation patterns for diversity application is presented. The accuracy and efficiency make the proposed synthesis method beneficial in antenna array systems.
THE ABSTRACT THEORY OF AUTOMATA

CONTENTSIntroduction § 1. Homomorphism and equivalence of automata § 2. Introduction of mappings in automata § 3. Introduction of events in finite automata, operations on events § 4. Automata and semi-groups § 5. The composition of automata § 6. Experiments with automataConclusionReferences
Thymol Reduces the Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Kidney Inflammation by Modulating Lysosomal Stress

: Inflammation-induced overexpression of cytokines can lead to cell death by caspase-dependent or independent signaling pathways. Numerous natural products are used to suppress/re-modulate inflammation. Phenolic monoterpene thymol is widely used in cosmetics and for medical purposes. It has been shown that thymol regulates the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic responses in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced in vitro and in vivo models. However, there is still a need to investigate the molecular mechanism of inflammation and the detailed regulatory roles of thymol on inflammation-dependent signaling mechanisms. In the present study, the possible protective effects of thymol on inflammation-mediated lysosomal stress in the LPS-induced acute kidney inflammation model were investigated on HEK293 cells. To mimic the inflammation in HEK293 cells, LPS was applied to the cells for 24 h. Following, cells were treated with various doses of thymol and total protein was isolated from the cells. Inflammation-associated interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-⍺ (TNF-⍺ ) , nuclear factor kappa B (Nf-κ B) and phospho-Nf-κ B protein levels, autophagy-related Beclin-1, autophagy-related 5 (Atg5), p62/SQSTM1 and microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3-I/II), ubiquitin proteasome system-associated polyubiquitin, cell death-associated caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP-1) protein levels were examined by immunoblotting. We found that LPS-induced acute inflammation caused the suppressing of autophagic flux and reducing degradation of polyubiquitinated proteins. Thymol treatment markedly reversed the suppression of autophagy and stacking of poly-ubiquitinated protein by LPS. While, LPS-induced acute inflammation did not cause caspase activation, it caused an increase in lysosomal stress-related PARP-1 cleavage pattern and thymol administration efficiently reduced PARP-1 cleavage. Our results suggested that LPS-induced acute inflammation triggers blockage of autophagic flux and thymol has a protective role against LPS-induced lysosomal stress.
Recent Advances in the Applications of Small Molecules in the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma

Therapy for multiple myeloma (MM), a hematologic neoplasm of plasma cells, has undergone remarkable changes over the past 25 years. Small molecules (molecular weight of less than one kDa), together with newer immunotherapies that include monoclonal antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, and most recently, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells, have combined to double the disease’s five-year survival rate to over 50% during the past few decades. Despite these advances, the disease is still considered incurable, and its treatment continues to pose substantial challenges, since therapeutic refractoriness and patient relapse are exceedingly common. This review focuses on the current pipeline, along with the contemporary roles and future prospects for small molecules in MM therapy. While small molecules offer prospective benefits in terms of oral bioavailability, cellular penetration, simplicity of preparation, and improved cost–benefit considerations, they also pose problems of toxicity due to off-target effects. Highlighted in the discussion are recent developments in the applications of alkylating agents, immunomodulators, proteasome inhibitors, apoptosis inducers, kinesin spindle protein inhibitors, blockers of nuclear transport, and drugs that affect various kinases involved in intracellular signaling pathways. Molecular and cellular targets are described for each class of agents in relation to their roles as drivers of MM.
Creation and Control of Vortex‐Beam Arrays in Atomic Vapor

Optical vortices, which are beams with spiral‐shaped wavefronts and screw phase dislocations, have potential for supporting high‐capacity optical communications. In this study, the generation of 1D and 2D vortex‐beam arrays is theoretically proposed and experimentally demonstrated by introducing novel forked‐photonic lattices in a three‐level 85Rb atomic medium. Such forked‐photonic lattices are established through the interference of Gaussian and vortex coupling beams. The input Gaussian probe beam that travels through this lattice experiences phase superposition and is diffracted into vortex‐beam arrays. Moreover, the relative efficiency of the high‐order diffractions can be enhanced by tuning the two‐photon detuning and power of the coupling beams. The enriched diffractive arrays of a vortex probe beam propagating in such forked‐photonic lattices are also presented. The experimental results agree well with those of the numerical simulations. This work suggests that atomic systems are a fertile platform for creating and controlling vortex‐beam arrays, and that they can shed light on ongoing exploration in the fields of optical manipulation and quantum information processing.
Variational functions in degenerate open quantum systems

We have derived a Lyapunov functional for a degenerate open atomic system. This functional develops monotonically towards its stationary state. The open system is described by a Lindblad-type master equation. For the construction of the variational functional it is necessary that the Lindblad operator can be diagonalized. Since the generator of motion is non-Hermitian, diagonalization is, in general, only possible if the eigenvalues are nondegenerate. In this paper, we propose that in a physical system the biorthogonal eigenbasis of the Lindblad operator remains complete even when degeneracy is present. Thus diagonalization of the Lindblad operator, and consequently the construction of the variational functional, is still possible. We discuss the reasons and illustrate the theory of the variational functional for a driven {lambda}-type three-level atom with degenerate ground state. The degeneracy has interesting effects on the variational functional in the steady state with respect to its interpretation as an entropic quantity. In case of the driven three-level atom, the dark state turns out to be an isentropic state.
Components of Probabilistic Support: The Two-Proposition Case

Support functions $$s(h,e)=p(h\backslash e)-p(h)$$ are widely used in discussion of explanation, causality and, recently, in connection with the possibility or otherwise of probabilistic induction. With this latter application in view, a rather complete analysis of the variety of support functions, their interrelationships and their "non-deductive" and "inductive" components is presented. With the restriction to two propositions, three variable probabilities are enough to discuss such problems. The analysis is illustrated by graphs, a Venn diagram and by using the Laplace Rule of Succession as an illustrative example. It is concluded that within this framework one cannot prove or disprove the possibility of probabilistic induction.
Fully Secure Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption in Prime Order Group

We present a fully secure ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption (CP-ABE) scheme in prime order group by using a tool which can convert composite order paring-based encryption scheme into prime order one. Although, a fully secure CP-ABE scheme in prime order group has been proposed recently, our scheme needs less master secret key size and can be seen as a different version of it. Besides, the sketch of our scheme's security proof is also given.
Probing Dark Energy with the Cosmic Microwave Background: Projected Constraints from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe and Planck

We investigate the accuracy attainable by forthcoming space-based observations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature and polarization anisotropy in constraining the dark energy density parameter ΩQ and equation of state wQ = pQ/ρQ. Despite degeneracies among parameters, it is possible for high-precision observations such as those from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe and Planck to provide interesting information on the nature of the dark energy. Furthermore, we show that imposing a flat universe constraint makes it possible to obtain tight limits in the space of dark energy parameters even from the CMB alone.
The Riccati Integral Equations for Optimal Control Problems on Hilbert Spaces

The two Riccati integral equations for linear-quadratic control problems involving evolution operators on Hilbert spaces are derived and shown to have a common solution, which yields the closed-loop structure of the optimal control. Riccati integral equations, instead of differential equations, arise because evolution operators are used to represent system dynamics. The operator representing the closed-loop control perturbs the evolution operator representing the uncontrolled system to produce a second evolution operator, representing the optimally controlled system, hence the two Riccati integral equations in terms of these two evolution operators, respectively.Having both Riccati integral equations facilitates the extension of the analysis of optimal control on finite time intervals to the analysis of optimal control on infinite time intervals, and then existence, uniqueness, and stability results for periodic solutions of the Riccati equations are obtained. Finally, sufficient conditions are given for .
Learning Type-2 Fuzzy Logic for Factor Graph Based-Robust Pose Estimation With Multi-Sensor Fusion

Although a wide variety of high-performance state estimation techniques have been introduced recently, the robustness and extension to actual conditions of the estimation systems have been challenging. This paper presents a robust adaptive state estimation framework based on the Type-2 fuzzy inference system and factor graph optimization for autonomous mobile robots. We use the hybrid solution to connect the advantages of the tightly and loosely coupled technique by providing an inertial sensor and other extrinsic sensors such as LiDARs and cameras. In order to tackle the uncertainty input covariance and sensor failures problems, a learnable observation model is introduced by joining the Type-2 FIS and factor graph optimization. In particular, the use of Type-2 Takagi-Sugeno FIS can learn the uncertainty by using particle swarm optimization before adding the observation model to the factor graph. The proposed design consists of four parts: sensor odometry, up-sampling, FIS based-learning observation model, and factor graph-based smoothing. We evaluate our system by using a mobile robot platform equipped with a sensor setup of multiple stereo cameras, an IMU, and a LiDAR sensor. We imitate the LiDAR odometry in structure environments without needing other bulky motion capture systems to learn the observation model of the visual-inertial estimators. The experimental results are deployed in real-world environments to present the accuracy and robustness of the algorithm.