Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
OsBIC1 Directly Interacts with OsCRYs to Regulate Leaf Sheath Length through Mediating GA-Responsive Pathway

Cryptochrome 1 and 2 (CRY1 and CRY2) are blue light receptors involved in the regulation of hypocotyl elongation, cotyledon expansion, and flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana. Two cryptochrome-interacting proteins, Blue-light Inhibitor of Cryptochrome 1 and 2 (BIC1 and BIC2), have been found in Arabidopsis. BIC1 plays critical roles in suppressing the physiological activities of CRY2, which include the blue light-dependent dimerization, phosphorylation, photobody formation, and degradation process, but the functional characterization of BIC protein in other crops has not yet been performed. To investigate the function of BIC protein in rice (Oryza sativa), two homologous genes of Arabidopsis BIC1 and BIC2, namely OsBIC1 and OsBIC2 (OsBICs), were identified. The overexpression of OsBIC1 and OsBIC2 led to increased leaf sheath length, whereas mutations in OsBIC1 displayed shorter leaf sheath in a blue light intensity-dependent manner. OsBIC1 regulated blue light-induced leaf sheath elongation through direct interaction with OsCRY1a, OsCRY1b, and OsCRY2 (OsCRYs). Longitudinal sections of the second leaf sheath demonstrated that OsBIC1 and OsCRYs controlled leaf sheath length by influencing the ratio of epidermal cells with different lengths. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis further proved that OsBIC1 and OsCRYs regulated similar transcriptome changes in regulating Gibberellic Acids (GA)-responsive pathway. Taken together, these results suggested that OsBIC1 and OsCRYs worked together to regulate epidermal cell elongation and control blue light-induced leaf sheath elongation through the GA-responsive pathway.
Four-Legs D-STATCOM for Current Balancing in Low-Voltage Distribution Grids

The fast deployment of distributed energy resources (DERs) is creating a series of challenges that should be addressed in the coming years. In particular, distribution grids are playing an increasingly important role in the electricity system. Moreover, the three-phase four-wire structure of this network contribute to the appearance of imbalances and a series of problems derived from them. In this context, distribution system operators (DSOs), as the main responsible for the distribution grid, must ensure the quality of supply to consumers. This paper takes advantage of a four-legs D-STATCOM to remove current imbalances in low-voltage power lines. A 35-kVA prototype has been developed and installed in an urban distribution grid. The effect of the D-STATCOM has been analyzed during its first month of operation, studying and measuring the advantages of providing DERs the ability to perform active balancing to the utility grid. The results show a reduction in current imbalances from 21 % to 0 % and neutral current from 10.3 A to 0.4 A. In addition, a 13 % decrease in cable losses has been estimated and a slight improvement in voltage unbalance factor can be noted.
Impact of the pump reflector in double‐pass discrete Raman amplifiers

We present the experimental investigation of a counter‐pumped double‐pass discrete Raman amplifier with and without a pump reflector. The pump reflector is constructed with high‐reflectivity fiber Bragg grating. Gain improvement is obtained as a result of pump recycling, in comparison to the conventional double‐pass Raman amplifier. Noise‐figure degradation is found for large signals in the proposed Raman amplifier due to the enhanced double‐Rayleigh scattering and bidirectional pumping caused by the pump reflector. The impact of pump‐to‐signal relative intensity noise in the experimental work is minimized by utilizing Fabry–Perot pump lasers. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 777–779, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21473
Spatially oriented convolutional neural network for spatial relation extraction from natural language texts

Spatial relation extraction (e.g., topological relations, directional relations, and distance relations) from natural language descriptions is a fundamental but challenging task in several practical applications. Current state‐of‐the‐art methods rely on rule‐based metrics, either those specifically developed for extracting spatial relations or those integrated in methods that combine multiple metrics. However, these methods all rely on developed rules and do not effectively capture the characteristics of natural language spatial relations because the descriptions may be heterogeneous and vague and may be context sparse. In this article, we present a spatially oriented piecewise convolutional neural network (SP‐CNN) that is specifically designed with these linguistic issues in mind. Our method extends a general piecewise convolutional neural network with a set of improvements designed to tackle the task of spatial relation extraction. We also propose an automated workflow for generating training datasets by integrating new sentences with those in a knowledge base, based on string similarity and semantic similarity, and then transforming the sentences into training data. We exploit a spatially oriented channel that uses prior human knowledge to automatically match words and understand the linguistic clues to spatial relations, finally leading to an extraction decision. We present both the qualitative and quantitative performance of the proposed methodology using a large dataset collected from Wikipedia. The experimental results demonstrate that the SP‐CNN, with its supervised machine learning, can significantly outperform current state‐of‐the‐art methods on constructed datasets.
Dynamic value at risk estimation for BELEX15

This paper uses RiskMetrics, GARCH and IGARCH models to calculate daily VaR for Belgrade Stock Exchange index BELEX15 returns based on the normal and Student t innovation distribution. In the case of GARCH and IGARCH models VaR values are obtained applying Extreme Value Theory on the standardized residuals. The Kupiec's LR statistics was used to test the accuracy of risk measurement models. The main conclusions are: (1) when modelling value-at-risk it is very important to have a good model for volatility of stock returns; (2) both stationary and integrated GARCH models outperform RiskMetrics in estimating VaR; (3) although long memory volatility is present in the BELEX15 index, IGARCH models cannot outperform GARCH type models in VaR evaluations for this index.
Fewer Troughs, Not More Ridges, Have Led to a Drying Trend in the Western United States

High‐amplitude ridges can enforce heat‐trapping systems that persist through an entire season, contributing to drought events. However, the impacts of day‐to‐day weather system changes at the meso‐ and synoptic‐scale are also important, albeit less well studied. We identify five weather types (WTs) from 500‐hPa geopotential height anomalies. These categories include WT4, which represents ridges and associated dry and warm anomalies, and WT3, which characterizes troughs and associated wetter‐ and colder‐than‐normal conditions and is the largest contributor to precipitation in the western U.S. While no discernable trend is evident for WT4 conditions, WT3 conditions have undergone a distinctive decrease in frequency at both annual and seasonal scales, thus a general drying trend across the west during this time period may be more significantly associated with fewer troughs rather than more ridges. Attribution analysis reveals that this decrease in wetter and colder weather is a likely result of anthropogenic forcing.
Method for Cleaning Abnormal Data of Wind Turbine Power Curve Based on Density Clustering and Boundary Extraction

This paper creatively proposes a complete set of procedures to identify and eliminate outliers of wind-power data based on the framework of classification processing. Outliers are divided into three types. According to the characteristics of each type of outlier, separate suitable algorithms are proposed. Through a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the bottom stacked points, several operating modes of wind turbines at ultra-low wind speeds are discovered, and an intuitive rules method is innovatively proposed based on mechanism analysis. With the intuitive rules method, normal points and type 1 outliers are separated accurately in a reasonable way, and then type 1 outliers are cleaned up completely. For type 3 outliers, an improved density clustering method is proposed that makes full use of the density difference between normal points and type 3 outliers to achieve better cleaning performance. For type 2 outliers, a combined method including boundary extraction and boundary regularization is proposed. Type 2 outliers are completely removed as abnormal bulges on the boundary. Twelve datasets from three wind farms were employed to verify the effectiveness, superiority, and strong generalization of the proposed method. The power curve models based on smoothing spline method are used to visually display the effect of outlier cleaning. The identification accuracy (P), identification rate (R) and overall accuracy (F1) are introduced to quantitatively evaluate the cleaning performance.
Controle em três eixos para aquisição de atitude por satélite universitário partindo de condições iniciais desfavoráveis

The design of a low cost university satellite ITASAT seeks to meet launch constraints as a secondary, piggyback payload. The dual-spin configuration has been investigated to determine the performance of the autonomous Attitude Control System (SCA) when the satellite separates from the launch vehicle in an unfavorable initial condition prior to attitude acquisition. The dual-spinner is controlled in three axes to acquire and maintain a single face pointing to the Sun by means of a momentum wheel whose rotation axis is orthogonal to that face, and a triad of air-core coil magnetotorquers that provide gyroscopic stiffness and control torques to maneuver and point the solar panel to the Sun. The SCA starts actuation as from separation, and operates in closed loop with estimates of the satellite attitude and angular velocity. These estimates are computed by an extended Kalman filter (FKE) that processes vector measurements of the Sun direction and the geomagnetic field provided by Sun sensors and a triaxial magnetometer. Starting from unfavorable initial conditions, approximately 1.5 day has been required to yield a pointing error under 10o, and less than two days to maintain the error below 0.1o. Satellite oscillations about the wheel axis have been within an acceptable margin. The duration of the maneuvers in relation to the capacity of the batteries on board have confirmed the feasibility of the dual-spin configuration. The resulting performance and complexity have been compared with those of the rigid-body spin stabilization to select an appropriate configuration for the satellite mission.
Long-Term Exposure to Low-Level NO2 and Mortality among the Elderly Population in the Southeastern United States

Background: Mounting evidence has shown that long-term exposure to fine particulate matter [PM ≤2. 5μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5)] and ozone (O3) can increase mortality. However, the health effects associated with long-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are less clear, in particular the evidence is scarce for NO2 at low levels that are below the current international guidelines. Methods: We constructed a population-based full cohort comprising all Medicare beneficiaries (aged ≥65, N=13,590,387) in the southeastern United States from 2000 to 2016, and we then further defined the below-guideline cohort that included only those who were always exposed to low-level NO2, that is, with annual means below the current World Health Organization guidelines (i.e., ≤21 ppb). We applied previously estimated spatially and temporally resolved NO2 concentrations and assigned annual means to study participants based on their ZIP code of residence. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the association between long-term exposure to low-level NO2 and all-cause mortality, adjusting for potential confounders. Results: About 71.1% of the Medicare beneficiaries in the southeastern United States were always exposed to low-level NO2 over the study period. We observed an association between long-term exposure to low-level NO2 and all-cause mortality, with a hazard ratio (HR)= 1.042 (95% CI: 1.040, 1.045) in single-pollutant models and a HR= 1.047 (95% CI: 1.045, 1.049) in multipollutant models (adjusting for PM2.5 and O3), per 10-ppb increase in annual NO2 concentrations. The penalized spline indicates a linear exposure–response relationship across the entire NO2 exposure range. Medicare enrollees who were White, female, and residing in urban areas were more vulnerable to long-term NO2 exposure. Conclusion: Using a large and representative cohort, we provide epidemiological evidence that long-term exposure to NO2, even below the national and global ambient air quality guidelines, was approximately linearly associated with a higher risk of mortality among older adults, independent of PM2.5 and O3 exposure. Improving air quality by reducing NO2 emissions, therefore, may yield significant health benefits. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9044
Using a unified risk management approach for EH&S and security: Results of a pilot project

© 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/tqem.20147 Several emerging trends are leading organizations to develop new policies, procedures, and approaches to manage their environmental, health, safety, security, and related business risks. These trends include the rapidly increasing use of management system standards (such as ISO 9001, ISO 14001, and OHSAS 18001), the emerging recognition that new standards need to be developed to address security management, and (at many organizations) the addition of security responsibilities to the list of tasks assigned to environmental, health, and safety (EH&S) managers. These added responsibilities have come at a time when increased global competitive pressures have caused many companies to reduce costs, often hitting the EH&S function hard. One way that EH&S managers can address these pressures is by taking a leadership role in creating a unified risk management approach. A previous article in this journal (on which two authors of this article were contributors) conceptualized such an integrated management system (Milliman, Grosskopf, Paez, & Ayen, 2004). A unified approach could address the major risks and threats facing organizations in a comprehensive and unified fashion, rather than through separate functional programs and systems, as is often done today.
Velocity-matching in millimeter wave integrated optic modulators with periodic electrodes

One method of increasing the efficiency of a high-frequency integrated optic modulator is to use a periodic electrode to repeatedly "correct" the phase mismatch that results from unequal RF and optical propagation velocities. The center frequency of such a modulator's passband can be determined analytically by expanding the traveling RF field in terms of space harmonics, and by then matching the phase velocity of the dominant space harmonic to the phase velocity of the optical carrier. The theory of space harmonic velocity-matching is presented for the simple case of periodic intermittent interaction and periodic phase reversal modulators having no back-reflections at electrode discontinuities. Velocity-matching with Bloch waves is then described for nonideal structures where significant back-reflections can occur. The measured modulation response for several 35-GHz periodic intermittent interaction modulators that were designed using these concepts is presented and compared with the theoretical predictions. >
Optimal sizing approach for islanded microgrids

This study proposes a single-objective optimal sizing approach for an islanded microgrid (IMG). The approach determines the optimal component sizes for the IMG, such that the life-cycle cost is minimised while a low loss of power supply probability (LPSP) is ensured. As wind speed and solar irradiation exhibit both diurnal and seasonal variations, the proposed algorithm takes advantages of the typical meteorological year-based chronological simulation and enumeration-based iterative techniques. The mathematical models presented in this study for the IMG components consider the non-linear characteristics as well as the reactive power. The LPSP is also formulated based on the supply-demand balances of both real and reactive powers, and an economic evaluation model is presented. The proposed sizing approach identifies the global minimum, and simultaneously provides the optimal component sizes as well as the power management strategies. This study also presents a number of sensitivity analyses as well as comparisons with a commercial software package.
Adaptive Non-Model-Based Vibration Control of Critical Flexible Modes in Mechatronic Systems

Abstract Robust vibration control of critical flexible modes in flexible mechanical structures is crucial for synergistic integration of R&D and manufacturing of modern mechatronic systems. In this paper, an adaptive non-model-based control is implemented to the piezoelectric (PZT) actuated flexible structure for enhanced vibration suppression on critical flexible modes in mechatronic systems. The strain signal of the PZT actuators is extracted by a self-sensing circuit and used in the adaptive feedback term along with a PID control to directly compensate for the vibration of the PZT-actuated flexible structure. The adaptive scheme, which is derived based on a simple energy function, ensures elimination of the control/observer spillover and stability of the closed-loop system. Extensive simulations and experiments have been conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the adaptive scheme in vibration suppression on the critical flexible modes of the PZT-actuated suspension in a commercial dual-stage hard disk drive. The implementation results show that the adaptive scheme is robust against flexible mode fluctuations, and the vibration suppression performance is greatly improved.
Investigating Interruptions: An Example from the Flightdeck

This study investigates an aspect of multiple-task management, interruption management, in an operational context. Fourteen commercial airline pilots each performed 16 approaches in a simulated commercial flightdeck. Air traffic control (ATC) clearances interrupted subjects as they performed three procedures during these approaches. Common ATC interruptions were found to be significantly disruptive to ongoing procedure performance on the flightdeck by producing significantly more procedure performance errors and increased flightpath management activity. These results corroborate, for the flightdeck, that which is true in laboratory experiments, and which is evidenced in aviation accident/incident reports.
Rationale and Benefits Associated with International Alliances

The concept of a global economy is changing the traditional perceptions of national borders. As national borders become more flexible, competition for construction projects will continue in increase. In addition, dwindling resources have caused governments to evaluate many nontraditional approaches to generate the needed revenue and expertise to undertake public construction projects. The construction industry, faced with the continuing move toward a global marketplace, must examine the possible competitive advantages offered by forming international alliances. Alliances will play an important role in determining the future growth of many companies. It is imperative to begin planning now for something we consider inevitable. The writers were the primary participants in a Construction Industry Institute sponsored research project to study the impact of forming alliances as a way to enhance the competitiveness of U.S. construction firms. Using data collected from interviews with 30 international constructio.
Properties of high-strength concrete mixes containing PFA and ggbs

The effects of incorporating pulverized fuel ash (PFA) and ground granulated blastfurnace slag (ggbs) on the workability (slump), adiabatic temperature rise during hydration and long-term (up to 570 days) strength of high-strength concretes have been measured. Binary (PFA/ggbs and Portland cement) and ternary (PFA/ggbs plus microsilica and Portland cement) blends at water–binder ratios from 0·38 to 0·20 have been tested. The results show broadly similar effects to those in lower strength concrete, although of differing magnitude in some cases. Some potential advantages of ternary blends for optimization of properties have been demonstrated.
Improving rural labourers' status in China's construction industry

The state of human resources in China's construction industry presents significant problems for the national economy and for the efficiency of the construction industry. This paper considers policy and practical questions for improving the quality and efficiency of the large rural workforce in construction. Labourers from rural areas form 90% of the national workforce, yet 90% of them lack any formal job training. The existing problems besetting labourers from rural areas include low-quality outputs, low wages, poor living and working conditions, and high mobility. The proposed remedy needs to include: training provisions for labourers from rural areas to improve their working skills and overall quality; creating organized labour to increase the stability of the workforce; creating a proper labour-cost system; and developing a more complete labour market. Some privately owned Chinese construction companies are setting an example of innovative leadership in improving training and working conditions for labourers from rural areas and consequently are benefiting from increased profits.
Green Generation by Single-Pass Frequency-Doubling in a Periodically Poled MgO:LiNbO3 at Room Temperature

122mW green emission at 532.3nm with a conversion efficiency of 1.2% was measured by single-pass second-harmonic generation in a 10mm long periodically poled MgO:LiNbO3 (MgO:PPLN) crystal is reported. A continuous-wave Yb-doped fiber laser operating at 1064.6nm with narrow bandwidth of 0.1nm is used as pumping source. The experimental temperature acceptance bandwidth ΔT=4.6°C is a little higher than the simulation data of 4°C. Output power instabilities or variations of the green beam pattern were not observed during experiments. In this work, the optimized efficiency was achieved when the waist located at the center of MgO:PPLN and Rayleigh length equal to its length, and the lens’ location in the system was calculated.
An approach to fully differential circuit design without common-mode feedback

Fully differential transconductance structures allow for greater linearity than their single-ended counterparts. The disadvantage is the need for common-mode feedback circuitry, which complicates the design and introduces additional design problems and constraints. In this paper we present and analyze a new technique for designing fully differential transconductance structures which removes the need for common-mode feedback by instead forming two independent nonlinear transconductance blocks, each of whose common-mode output voltage is well defined by the differential feedback.
Monolithically integrated multiwavelength grating cavity laser

A multiwavelength grating cavity laser is reported using a novel design for a multichannel light source based on an etched diffraction grating. Following the design, the compact eight-channel device capable of fine-tuning has been realized by monolithically integrating semiconductor optical amplifiers, various passive waveguides, and deeply etched grating, providing high butt-coupling efficiency, and low waveguide losses. As a result, the sidemode suppression ratio in excess of 45 dB over all channels was achieved.