Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stabilization of Proteins by Nanoencapsulation in Sugar–Glass for Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery Applications

Proteins and other biomolecules sequestered in and delivered from polymeric drug delivery systems (DDS) undergo several process and storage-related stresses throughout the life of the product that can result in significant degradation, loss of bioactivity and raise safety concerns. [1–4] Process-related stresses during manufacturing of drug delivery systems can lead to significant protein degradation. These stresses can include elevated temperatures, exposure to liquid and solid hydrophobic interfaces, and vigorous mechanical agitation. [1, 5, 6] A number of approaches have been developed to ameliorate the impact of individual stresses in emulsion-based methods. These include the use of interface stabilizers,[7, 8] protein crystalization[9] and covalent protein modification. [10] Ideally a single approach would protect against all these stresses, yielding excellent encapsulation efficiency and storage stability, while giving burst-free sustained release for any protein and polymer system of interest. Far from meeting this ideal, many approaches for improving one aspect of performance are neutral or deleterious to others. For example, solid-in-oil-in-water (s-o-w) emulsions[3] expose the protein to less solvent-based stress than do water-in-oil-in-water (w-o-w) methods; however, s-o-w methods have thus far led to reduced encapsulation efficiency or significant burst release. S-o-w vehicles incorporate proteins as a solid phase through freeze-drying or related processes, allowing inclusion of buffer salts, sugars, and other stabilizing additives. However, bulk freeze-drying yields relatively large protein particles, leading to poor dispersion in the final drug delivery product and burst release. [2, 9] Smaller particles are necessary to give better dispersion and sustained delivery without burst. [2, 9] Approaches such as spray-drying, spray-freeze drying, or freeze-drying with polyethylene glycol (PEG) have been used to generate smaller stabilizer-bearing protein particles, but these are associated with low protein recovery[11] and can still result in burst release. [12] More recently, small protein particles have been precipitated from organic solvents. [9] However, this technique does not give good protein stability during storage,[9] may yield protein-dependent results, and still needs to be validated for therapeutic proteins. [9, 13]
Szemantikus Web: egy rövid bevezetés

A Weben lévő információk típusa igen nagy változatosságot mutat. A klasszikus szöveges információk mellett találhatunk fényképeket, két és három dimenziós grafikát, videót, zenét, stb. A keresett információk (például egy utazáshoz szükséges tények összessége) sokszor különböző weblapokon találhatók csak meg (egy részük a légitársaság lapján, mások egy adott szálloda saját lapján, stb.). Ez utóbbi esetben a problémát nehezítheti ha a különböző lapok különböző terminológiákat használnak ugyanarra a fogalomra. És persze ne felejtsük el a természetes nyelvek (magyar, angol, kínai) gazdagságát sem. Mindezek ellenére a Web csodálatos módon működik. Ennek egyik magyarázata, hogy mi, emberek, rendkívül könnyen tudunk inkoherens vagy nem teljes információkat kombinálni. Általában megértjük egy fénykép tartalmát (hacsak nincsenek látási problémáink), könnyedén áthidalunk terminológiai különbségeket, félkész információkat tudunk teljessé tenni és, sokszor, különböző nyelveken is beszélünk.
A Successive Approximations Approach to Character Weighting

Abstract Fa~ris, J. S. (Dept. Biol. Sci., State Uniu., Stony Brook, New York 11790) 1969. A successive approximations approach to charaaer weighting. Syst. Zool. , 18:374385. -Characters that are reliable for cladistic inference are those that are consistent with the true phyletic relationships, that is, those that have little homoplasy. A set of cladistically reliable characters are correlated with each other in a particular non-linear fashion here referred to as hierarchic correlation. Cladistically unreliable characters can be hierarchically correlated only by chance. A technique that infers cladistic relationships by successively weighting characters according to apparent cladistic reliability is suggested, and computer simulation tests of the technique are described. Results indicate that the successive weighting procedure can be highly successful, even when cladistically reliable characters are heavily outnumbered by unreliable ones. [Evolutionary taxonomy. Cladistics. Char-acter weighting. ]
Isolation, screening and identification of the best selenium- reducing bacteria and study on the sorption mechanism

Selenium is an essential dietary trace element. However, it is toxic at micro-molar concentrations. Natural sources and anthropogenic activities have resulted in raised levels of selenium. Methods of remediation of polluted areas include various physico-chemical techniques, which are expensive and are not effective to efficiently reduce metal and metalloid concentrations. Nevertheless, it is well known that a large number of microorganisms can aerobically reduce selenite or selenate to Se (0). For this reason, microorganisms could be potentially used for bioremediation of polluted sites, as they have developed broad-range resistance mechanisms, such as oxidation, reduction, volatilization and methylation which mediate the natural cycling of these oxyanions and cause biological transformation of selenium oxyanions from one form to another. Among available technologies bacterial reduction of selenate to elemental Se (Se 0) has potential because elemental selenium is insoluble and has the lowest toxicity for biological systems. Moreover, it can be removed by some techniques such as filtration. It is worth noting that isolation of selenate-reducing bacteria has been reported from many different environments. Therefore, the aims of this research were isolation and identification of selenate-resistant bacteria, which may be applied for bioremediation purposes. In the first stage, serial dilutions of samples were cultured on modified Luria-Bertani agar medium (plus 0.2 mM sodium selenate). In order to limit the number of isolated bacteria and to achieve to the most and best resistant isolates, resistance threshold was studied by minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration and disc diffusion methods at 32.5 to 1200 mM. Of the isolated bacteria, one isolate from more resistant bacteria was selected and used to perform comprehensive studies. Biosorption and metal removal efficiency of the best isolate were investigated using metabolically active and inactive biomasses (using autoclave and drying by oven). Identification was performed using morphological (e.g. microscopic shape and colony features on agar medium) and biochemical tests (e.g. catalase/oxidase activity, utilization of maltose/sucrose and urea) and molecular methods. Among the isolates, only one isolate had high resistance to selenate; it showed minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration equal to 1200 mM and >1200 mM, respectively. Biosorption studies indicated that among different treatment methods, resting cells treated by autoclaving have the highest biosorption capacity (1550.3 mg g–1) and metal removal efficiency (12.76%). Finally, the isolate was identified as a species of the Klebsiella genus. Overall, comparison of this study with other published work (especially reported results from Iranian studies) showed that this isolate has potential for industrial application on environment cleanup activities.
A PCB-Based 24-Ch. MEA-EIS Allowing Fast Measurement of TEER

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is a non-invasive method to evaluate biological samples. With the use of EIS results, the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) can be measured to estimate the condition of e.g. in-vitro lung epithelia under various diseases. In this regard, many epithelial samples must be prepared, which is a time consuming task. Parallel measurements with the use of multi-electrode arrays (MEA) increase the throughput of the system. Careful electronic design must be considered to guarantee safe and fast MEA-EIS measurements. Available MEA-EIS systems are mostly limited by either limited frequency and dynamic range or long measurement time. Particularly slow MEA-EIS measurements are disadvantageous for epithelial cells since during the EIS measurements they are kept in a harmful environment. In this work, a fast MEA-EIS system for 24 channels is presented. The designed MEA-EIS system takes less than 20 seconds excitation time for a frequency range of 1 Hz to 100 kHz with the use of parallel recording and multi-tone excitation signals. The proposed system is realized using discrete components on a PCB and its functionality with the designed MEA is successfully verified using biological samples. A matching better than 95% between the extracted TEER values from the designed system and commercially available devices is observed. MEA-EIS measurements are performed in a frequency range from 10 mHz to 100 kHz with minimum and maximum detectable impedances of $6~\Omega $ and 300 $\text{k}\Omega $ , respectively.
Perception based pedestrian level of service

In urban India version of transportation, the traffic planners mostly give stress on motorized mode of movement . All kinds of steps are taken for development of roads in terms of safety, speed or time interval at intersections in case of motorized vehicle. But in present traffic condition, the non-motorized mode of traffic is also increasing. The pedestrians and bicyclists are occupying the track of motorized vehicle as no separate grades are provided for them. It leads to traffic congestion as well as the safety factor of pedestrian is at stake. According to HCM 2010, for this heterogeneous traffic, we can’t just increase the level of service by developing the quality of roads for vehicles Steps have been taken to reclaim pavement for pedestrians by removing the encroachment on footpath. A study was carried out on Bhubaneswar market complex at Unit -2 where about 260 meters of footpath surrounding it and separated from road by divider along road side. The users were asked to answer the questions the quality of service provided by the system in terms of questionnaire formed . The format of questionnaire was based on the factors that user perceive. From the ratings, an analysis was carried out to find the level of service based on perception of the interviewers . The analysis consisted of five factors as safety, Comfort level vendors encroachment ,accessibility and side walk performance, climate condition. The analysis was done on SPSS and the area was categorized to a specific level of service out of 6 degrees of level of service (LOS). It is difficult to have LOS value for an area based on perception as it varies from person to person. So the trail is made to its best possible value of LOS depending on majority of the majority of user’s perception.
Overview of mine closure in Minas Gerais, Brazil

Embora as regulamentacoes sobre fechamento de mina no Brasil sejam recentes, muitas empresas de mineracao tem buscado adotar as melhores praticas e estao enfrentando o desafio de fechar as minas da melhor maneira possivel, em vez de simplesmente cumprir a legislacao vigente ou abandonar o local da mina. O objetivo desse estudo e destacar as mudancas nos requisitos de fechamento de mina, bem como as melhores praticas de fechamento de minas no Estado. Para tal, o artigo sumariza o fechamento da mina de acordo com a legislacao brasileira e a "Deliberacao Normativa" COPAM No 127, que estabelece as diretrizes e procedimentos para avaliacao do impacto ambiental na fase de fechamento de mina. Para exemplificar, esse artigo discute a legislacao de fechamento de mina no Brasil e no Estado de Minas Gerais e apresenta alguns exemplos de programas de fechamento de mina no Estado. O artigo defende que, mesmo com alguma falta de leis e diretrizes abordando o fechamento da mina, a industria da mineracao brasileira, hoje, esta na vanguarda das tecnicas de minimizacao do impacto ambiental. Alguns estudos de caso em Minas Gerais, dois deles localizados no Quadrilatero Ferrifero, constituem excelente testemunho da experiencia da industria em processos de reabilitacao ambiental.
Exploration of the Sea Surface Wind Speed Retrieval from the Geosynchronous Synthetic Aperture Radar

At present, the spaceborne synthetic aperture radars (SARs) are all carried on low earth orbit (LEO) satellites. Therefore, the coverage area of LEO SARs is small and the revisit period is long. In order to overcome the LEO SAR’s shortcomings, the concept of the geosynchronous synthetic aperture radar (GEO SAR) comes into being. Compared with the LEO SAR, the GEO SAR can achieve a higher temporal resolution and thus can conduct frequent observations over a large area for a long time due to the high orbit ($\sim$ 36000 km). The above advantages make the GEO SAR has a great benefit to monitoring the natural disasters and marine environment. The sea surface wind speed is one of the basic elements of the marine dynamic environment and can be retrieved from the LEO SAR imagery. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the potential of the GEO SAR in the sea surface wind speed retrieval. Since there is no GEO SAR on orbit so far, our study is based on the simulated GEO SAR images. By comparing with the input sea surface wind speeds in the simulation, we found that the C-band model function for equivalent neutral wind (CMOD5.N) still work for the simulated GEO SAR images. However, there is a certain difference between the input wind speeds and the retrieved wind speeds by CMOD5.N when the incidence angle is too large or small. Although it may be caused by the accuracy of the simulation, we fine-tuned the parameters in CMOD5.N by the least square method with the simulated GEO SAR images and the corresponding input wind speeds instead, as there are no real GEO SAR images till now. The evaluations of the sea surface wind speeds retrieved by the GEO SAR CMOD5.N were presented in the end.
Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies Inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Infection through Blocking Membrane Fusion

The spike (S) protein on the surface of SARS-CoV-2 mediates receptor binding and virus-host cell membrane fusion during virus entry. Many neutralizing antibodies (nAbs), which targeted the receptor binding domain (RBD) of S protein, lost the neutralizing activity against the newly emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants with sequence mutations at the RBD. ABSTRACT Most of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) targeted the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein. However, mutations at RBD sequences found in the emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants greatly reduced the effectiveness of nAbs. Here we showed that four nAbs, S2-4D, S2-5D, S2-8D, and S2-4A, which recognized a conserved epitope in the S2 subunit of the S protein, can inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection through blocking the S protein-mediated membrane fusion. Notably, these four nAbs exhibited broadly neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 Alpha, Gamma, Delta, and Epsilon variants. Antisera collected from mice immunized with the identified epitope peptides of these four nAbs also exhibited potent virus neutralizing activity. Discovery of the S2-specific nAbs and their unique antigenic epitopes paves a new path for development of COVID-19 therapeutics and vaccines. IMPORTANCE The spike (S) protein on the surface of SARS-CoV-2 mediates receptor binding and virus-host cell membrane fusion during virus entry. Many neutralizing antibodies (nAbs), which targeted the receptor binding domain (RBD) of S protein, lost the neutralizing activity against the newly emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants with sequence mutations at the RBD. In contrast, the nAb against the highly conserved S2 subunit, which plays the key role in virus–host cell membrane fusion, was poorly discovered. We showed that four S2-specific nAbs, S2-4D, S2-5D, S2-8D, and S2-4A, inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection through blocking the S protein-mediated membrane fusion. These nAbs exhibited broadly neutralizing activity against Alpha, Gamma, Delta, and Epsilon variants. Antisera induced by the identified epitope peptides also possessed potent neutralizing activity. This work not only unveiled the S2-specific nAbs but also discovered an immunodominant epitope in the S2 subunit that can be rationally designed as the broad-spectrum vaccine against the SARS-like coronaviruses.
OS-Aware Vulnerability Prioritization via Differential Severity Analysis

The Linux kernel is quickly evolving and extensively customized. This results in thousands of versions and derivatives. Unfortunately, the Linux kernel is quite vulnerable. Each year, thousands of bugs are reported, and hundreds of them are security-related bugs. Given the limited resources, the kernel maintainers have to prioritize patching the more severe vulnerabilities. In practice, Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) [1] has become the standard for characterizing vulnerability severity. However, a fundamental problem exists when CVSS meets Linux—it is used in a “one for all” manner. The severity of a Linux vulnerability is assessed for only the mainstream Linux, and all affected versions and derivatives will simply honor and reuse the CVSS score. Such an undistinguished CVSS usage results in underestimation or overestimation of severity, which further results in delayed and ignored patching or wastes of the precious resources. In this paper, we propose OS-aware vulnerability prioritization (namely D IFF CVSS), which employs differential severity analysis for vulnerabilities. Specifically, given a severity-assessed vulnerability, as well as the mainstream version and a target version of Linux, D IFF CVSS employs multiple new techniques based on static program analysis and natural language processing to differentially identify whether the vulnerability manifests a higher or lower severity in the target version. A unique strength of this approach is that it transforms the challenging and laborious CVSS calculation into automatable differential analysis. We implement D IFF CVSS and apply it to the mainstream Linux and downstream Android systems. The evaluation and user-study results show that D IFF CVSS is able to precisely perform the differential severity analysis, and offers a precise and effective way to identify vulnerabilities that deserve a severity reevaluation.
Optimization of bituminous sub-ballast in railways infrastructures under sustainability criteria

In recent years, the railway sector has focused on more sustainable constructive techniques and more durable solutions such as the inclusion of bituminous sub-ballast in order to reduce track degradation whilst improving its quality. The use of bituminous layer in railways tracks is regarded as an appropriate solution for improving the strength of the section. In comparison with traditional granular sub-ballast, these materials allow for both an increase in bearing capacity and greater protection of the substructure. However, the fact that these materials are manufactured at a temperature of 160°C means that their application can incur significant construction costs, along with a rise in pollution and energy consumption. In this regard, there is a need for the use of new techniques to produce asphalt, such as the reuse of waste materials or manufacturing with low-temperature technology, both of which allow for lower energy expenditure without changing its in-service mechanical performance, as well as reducing the general costs of this layer. In this context, this thesis therefore aims to, on the one hand, study the possibility of using sustainable bituminous sub-ballast manufactured from waste materials such as crumb rubber, which is recycled rubber produced from scrap tires and reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) from road pavement at the end of their service life. A further aim is to study the possibility of using WMA manufactured at lower temperatures, as bituminous sub-ballast. To this end, this thesis is focused on evaluating the mechanical behaviour of bituminous materials (under both routine and adverse temperatures) in comparison with that presented by conventional sub-ballast. In particular, performance is examined with respect to the main requirements that need to be met by these materials (resistance to plastic and punching deformations, bearing capacity, stress dissipation, cracking resistance, and waterproof properties) for their use in railway tracks. The results demonstrated that all the sustainable solutions studied, offer a suitable performance as sub-ballast for railways tracks from a mechanical behaviour point of view. In addition, they can offer advantages such as reducing greenhouse emissions, fuel consumption and waste as in the case of HWMA 100% RAP. furthermore, the use of rubberized bituminous mixtures (DRA and WRA) make more durable sub-ballast layer, at the same time that allow for waste recovery. Finally, the use of WMA, despite its performances was slightly lower respect the others solutions studied, achieved acceptable results for its use as a sub-ballast layer. Moreover, it is a solution that guarantees to reduce pollution and energy consumption thanks to its ability to reduce mixing and compaction temperatures.
An adaptive gradient-DWR FE algorithm for an optimal control constrained problem

Abstract. We present an adaptive finite element algorithm for the numerical approximation of distributed control constrained problems governed by second order elliptic PDEs. The algorithm is based on a suitable co-operation between a gradient type descent numerical scheme and the dual weighted residual (DWR) method. We assess its efficiency on several test problems and compare its performances with the ones of the well-known residual based adaptive algorithm, see e.g. [? , ? ].
History-Assisted Online User Allocation in Mobile Edge Computing

Mobile edge computing (MEC) is emerging as a novel computing paradigm that pushes network resources (such as computation and storage resources) away from the centralized data center to distributed edge servers. By hiring various resources of nearby edge servers, the MEC provides high-bandwidth and low-latency network services for mobile users. As numerous mobile users may compete for limited edge servers’ resources, to improve the resource utilization of the MEC system, it is very critical to investigate an effective user allocation policy. Previous studies mainly focus on investigating offline user allocation policies. However, mobile users may arrive online, and the MEC should be able to allocate these users online too. In a real-world MEC environment, online allocation decisions should not be made entirely in the dark. The historical user requests which may contain powerful hints about future user requests, can be adopted to assist in making allocation decisions. In this paper, we take the historical data into account and study the history-assisted online user allocation strategy. Specifically, we formulate the user allocation problem with a comprehensive model and show its hardness. Then, we present an online algorithm named HOUA to allocate mobile users according to both the online arrived user requests and the historical user requests. The competitive ratio of HOUA is proved. To further verify the effectiveness of HOUA, we conduct experiments on a widely-used real-world dataset. We show that HOUA can allocate more mobile users and achieve high resource rental revenue compared with the other approaches.