Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Geochemistry, Petrogenesis and Metallogenesis of the Panzhihua Gabbroic Layered Intrusion and Associated Fe-Ti-V Oxide Deposits, Sichuan Province, SW China

The Panzhihua gabbroic layered intrusion is associated with the 260Ma Emeishan Large Igneous Province in SW China. This sill-like body hosts a giant Fe–Ti–V oxide deposit with 1333 million ton ore reserves, which makes China a major producer of these metals. The intrusion has a Marginal zone of fine-grained hornblende-bearing gabbro and olivine gabbro, followed upward by Lower, Middle, and Upper zones. The Lower and Middle zones consist of layered melanogabbro and gabbro composed of cumulate clinopyroxene, plagioclase, and olivine. These zones also contain magnetite layers. The Upper zone consists chiefly of leucogabbro composed of plagioclase and clinopyroxene with minor olivine. Most rocks in the body show variable-scale rhythmic modal layering in which dark minerals, primarily clinopyroxene, dominate in the lower parts of each layer, and lighter minerals, primarily plagioclase, dominate in the upper parts. The oxide ores occur as layers and lenses within the gabbros and are concentrated in the lower parts of the intrusion. Ore textures and associated mineral assemblages indicate that the ore bodies formed by very late-stage crystallization of V-rich titanomagnetite from an immiscible oxide liquid in a fluidrich environment. The rocks of the Panzhihua intrusion become more evolved in chemistry upward and follow a tholeiitic differentiation trend with enrichment in Fe, Ti, and V. They are enriched in light rare earth elements relative to heavy rare earth elements, and exhibit positive Nb, Ta, and Ti anomalies and negative Zr and Hf anomalies. The silicate rocks and oxide ores of the Panzhihua intrusion formed from highly evolved Fe–Ti–V-rich ferrobasaltic or ferropicritic magmas. The textures of the ores and the abundance of minor hydrous phases indicate that addition of fluids from upper crustal wall-rocks induced the separation of the immiscible oxide melts from which the Fe–Ti–V oxide ore bodies in the lower part of the intrusion crystallized.
roundwater influence on water budget of a small onstructed floodplain wetland in the Ridge and Valley of irginia , USA

Study region: A floodplain in the headwaters of a tributary to the Chesapeake Bay, Ridge and Valley of the Eastern United States. Study focus: This study investigated the influence of groundwater exchange in the annual wetland hydrologic budget and identified spatial and temporal variability in groundwater hydraulic gradients using an array of nested piezometers. New hydrological insights for the region: Data showed that the created wetland met hydrologic success criteria, and that the wetland storage was fully connected with the groundwater table. Water-surface storage fluctuation was not fully explained by precipitation and evapotranspiration, suggesting that storage was highly influenced by groundwater inputs. The potentiometric surface showed that hillslope seep recharge was the dominant groundwater vector. However, during the summer and fall months, the adjacent stream channel was a losing system, and storm-driven rise in stream stage affected wetland storage. The complex hydrology of this relatively small wetland indicates that predicting the fluctuations of storage for design of unconfined floodplain wetlands is challenging, and that if the influence of groundwater seepage is negated, then fluctuations may be underestimated to the point of harming vegetation. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Estimation of the Critical Slip-Weakening Distance : Theoretical Background by Eiichi Fukuyama

It has been shown that a trade-off exists between estimates of the breakdown strength drop and the critical slip-weakening distance (e.g., Guatteri and Spudich, 2000). For this reason, only the fracture energy, proportional to these two parameters, may be estimated from waveform modeling. However, Mikumo et al. (2003) proposed a new technique to estimate the slip-weakening distance of earthquakes, separate from the fracture energy. For this method to be valid, the peak slipvelocity time must be close to the stress breakdown time. Here we explain the theoretical background of this assumption and clarify the limitations of this technique using numerical simulations based on the boundary integral equation method. The theoretical analysis using the boundary integral equation and some numerical tests indicates that a rather smooth rupture process and relatively sharp change in stress at the stress breakdown time in the slip-weakening curve ensure the validity of the method.
DEGRADATION OF GRADED-MATERIAL BEDS IN SEDIMENT-DEFICIENT RIVERS

The unsteady channel-degradation problem is formulated for the case of graded bed material by, first, deriving a relation between degradation depth and median particle size in the bed layer that is actively participating in the transport process, and introduction of the resulting equation and an expression for sediment discharge as a function of bed slope and particle size into the sedimentcontinuity equation. The resulting second-order nonlinear partial differential equation for degradation depth is first linearized and solved in closed form, and is also solved exactly by an iterative process applied to the complete equation. The latter solutions are found to be in good agreement with data from the Colorado River downstream from Hoover Dam, and with results obtained from a numerical simulation of an idealized representation of the Missouri River.
DART: A Programmable Architecture for NoC Simulation on FPGAs

The increased demand for on-chip communication bandwidth as a result of the multicore trend has made packet-switched networks-on-chip (NoCs) a more compelling choice for the communication backbone in next-generation systems[1] . However, NoC designs have many power, area, and performance tradeoffs in topology, buffer sizes, routing algorithms, and flow control mechanisms-hence, the study of new NoC designs can be very time intensive. To address these challenges, we propose DART, a fast and flexible FPGA-based NoC simulation architecture. Rather than laying the NoC out in hardware on the FPGA like previous approaches [2],[3] , our design virtualizes the NoC by mapping its components to a generic NoC simulation engine, composed of a fully connected collection of fundamental components (e.g., routers and flit queues). This approach has two main advantages: 1) since it is virtualized it can simulate any NoC, and 2) any NoC can be mapped to the engine without rebuilding it, which can take significant time for a large FPGA design. We demonstrate 1) that an implementation of DART on a Virtex-II Pro FPGA can achieve over 100 × speedup over the cycle-based software simulator Booksim [4], while maintaining the same level of simulation accuracy, and 2) that a more modern Virtex-6 FPGA can accommodate a 49-node DART implementation.
Performance differences and trade-offs in the provision of ecosystem goods and services

This paper approaches valuation of biodiversity and ecosystem services from a supply perspective utilizing the concept of trade-offs or opportunity costs. A new method is presented to provide spatial information on trade-offs between biodiversity and marketed and non-marketed ecosystem services at the spatial scale at which they are generated. With this method we are able to (a) assess regional performance differences in terms of the joint generation of biodiversity and ecosystem services in a region, (b) explain differences in regional performance by showing the importance of the conditions of the given environment, and to (c) estimate marginal rates of transformation or each region included in the analysis, which reflect the trade-offs between biodiversity and ecosystem services. The method is based on a two-stage frontier approach. In the first stage, a non-parametric robust estimator is used to estimate the efficient frontier and determine relative performance with which regions generate biodiversity, ecosystem services and income. In the second stage, the estimated nonparametric frontier is approximated with a flexible translog production function such that opportunity costs can be derived. The two-stage approach is illustrated with synthetic data for 1166 grid cells in 18 countries in middle and eastern Europe generated by the integrated assessment model IMAGE and biodiversity model GLOBIO. Based on the analysis, regional performance is evaluated and opportunity costs for biodiversity and ecosystem services and their dependence on income are assessed. It is observed that opportunity costs differ substantially between regions and that more developed countries generally combine ecosystem services and biodiversity in a more efficient way. In addition, carbon opportunity costs decrease with increasing carbon sequestration levels, exhibiting economies of scale characteristics. On the other hand, opportunity costs of biodiversity generally increase with increasing biodiversity, showing that reasonable levels of provisioning services and biodiversity can be combined.
Influence of Soil Physical and Chemical Properties on Soil Respiration Rate of Alpine Meadow in the Northwestern Plateau of Sichuan Province

In this paper,we discussed the effects of soil physical and chemical properties on soil respiration rate of alpine meadow in the Northwestern Plateau of Sichuan Province by sampling.The results indicated that among all soil physical and chemical properties,the impacts of soil organic carbon,total nitrogen,C/N,total P and bulk density on upland shrub meadow’s(US) soil respirtian rate were important,and correlation coefficient is 0.5～0.8,P0.01. The correlation coefficient of upland meadow’s(UM) soil respirtian rate with soil organic carbon,total nitrogen,C/N,total P,bulk density,volume water content,and pH was very small,showing that these factors had no influence on UM’s CO2 emission.The efflux of CO2 in terrace meadow(TM) was correlated with the content of soil organic carbon,total nitrogen,C/N,bulk density,volume water,pH,and r=0.5～0.8,P0.01. In a whole,the impact of vertical soil physical and chemical properties on soil respiration rate in US showed continuity and much more influence of deep properties.But the impact on TM showed discontinuity and much more influence of surface properties.Furthermore,the effect of soil physical and chemical properties on soil respiration rate was stronger in US than in TM.
The biological and physical stability and resilience of a selection of Scottish soils to stresses

The ability of soil to resist and recover from anthropogenic and environmental stresses defines stability and resilience, respectively; an understanding of this ability is critical to sustainable land‐use. In this study of 26 soils from across Scotland, we examine the influence of soil properties and antecedent conditions on physical and biological resilience to stress. The sites studied covered a wide range of soil types and land management, including serpentine soil from the Shetland Islands, a catena on the Highland Boundary Fault, and young aeolian sandy soils on the east coast. Biological resilience was measured as CO2 evolution from soil with added plant residues after either a transient (heat) or a persistent (copper) stress. Measures of physical resilience were: (i) compression and expansion indices following rapid uniaxial compression (to 50 kPa) and relaxation; and (ii) void ratio changes due to an overburden stress and subsequent cycles of wetting and drying. Evolution of CO2 from soil with added plant residues after heat or copper stress ranged from 23% to >100% that of the unperturbed soil, while the air‐filled void ratio after the overburden stress ranged from 70% to >100% that of the unperturbed soil. Soils were grouped into quartiles based on their resistance to and recovery after each of the four prescribed stresses. Soil organic carbon (SOC) content correlated strongly with resilience after biological and physical stresses, particularly resistance to Cu stress (r= 0.72) and recovery from compression (r= 0.67), whereas there were no strong correlations between resilience following heat and any of the measured soil characteristics, although both land use and soil class were helpful in separating the responses. Resistance to compression was negatively correlated with SOC (r=−0.63).
Land Use Classification using Support Vector Machine and Maximum Likelihood Algorithms by Landsat 5 TM Images

Nowadays, remote sensing images have been identified and exploited as the latest information to study land cover and land uses. These digital images are of significant importance, since they can present timely information, and capable of providing land use maps. The aim of this study is to create land use classification using a support vector machine (SVM) and maximum likelihood classifier (MLC) in Qazvin, Iran, by TM images of the Landsat 5 satellite. In the pre-processing stage, the necessary corrections were applied to the images. In order to evaluate the accuracy of the 2 algorithms, the overall accuracy and kappa coefficient were used. The evaluation results verified that the SVM algorithm with an overall accuracy of 86.67 % and a kappa coefficient of 0.82 has a higher accuracy than the MLC algorithm in land use mapping. Therefore, this algorithm has been suggested to be applied as an optimal classifier for extraction of land use maps due to its higher accuracy and better consistency within the study area.
Marine Mammals Inhabiting the Baffin Bay North Water in Winter

Aerial surveys in March-April 1978 and March 1979 showed that some species of marine mammals overwinter in isolated areas of open water in the North Water in northern Baffin Bay. About 700 walruses and 37 bearded seals were seen, most over deep water (200-500 m) near SE Ellesmere Island in March 1979. Both species were much less common in 1978. Approximately 500 belugas were found in recurrent leads along the edge of the fast-ice in eastern Jones and Lancaster sounds and, to a lesser extent, in Smith Sound. Only 12 narwhals were seen. It has been concluded that the North Water is not a major overwintering area for marine mammals.
Characteristics of tectonic movement in the northern part of South China Sea during the Cenozoic

Since the Cenozoic,crust tectonic movement in the northern continental shelf and slope and its surrounding of the South China Sea has occurred with an uniform regional tectonic stress field,which generally appeared as a regional rifting and sinking background.The tectonic movement was characterized by a kind of polycyclic-oscillatory change,which ran through the whole Cenozoic after the Late Cretaceous epoch.The tectonic movements keep close relation with the tectonic process of the Pacific plate and have been triggered by the oscillatory change of orient and intensity of asthenospheric flow under the Pacific plate.
Apprentice pay in Britain, Germany and Switzerland: Institutions, market forces and market power

The pay of metalworking apprentices is high in Britain, middling in Germany and low in Switzerland. We analyse these differences using fieldwork evidence and survey data, drawing on both economic and institutionalist theories. Several institutional attributes influence apprentice pay, partly by affecting supply and demand in markets for training places. Institutional support for apprenticeship training appears to involve important complementarities in both Germany and Switzerland, in contrast to Britain’s less coherent and more market-driven approach.
Low dose inhaled corticosteroids and the prevention of death from asthma.

Low-dose inhaled corticosteroids and the prevention of death from asthma S Suissa, P Ernst, S Benayoun, M Baltzan, B Cai Background: Although inhaled corticosteroids are effective for the treatment of asthma, it is uncertain whether their use can prevent death from asthma. Methods: We used the Saskatchewan Health data bases to form a population-based cohort of all subjects from 5–44 years of age who were using antiasthma drugs during the period 1975–1991. We followed subjects until the end of 1997, their 55th birthday, death, emigration, or termination of health insurance coverage, whichever came first. We conducted a nested case-control study in which subjects who died of asthma were matched with controls within the cohort according to the length of follow-up at the time of death of the case patient (the index date), the date of study entry, and the severity of asthma. We calculated rate ratios after adjustment for the subject's age and sex; the number of prescriptions of theophylline, nebulized and oral beta-adrenergic agonists, and oral corticosteroids in the year before the index date; the number of canisters of inhaled beta-adrenergic agonists used in the year before the index date; and the number of hospitalizations for asthma in the two years before the index date. Results: The cohort consisted of 30,569 subjects. Of the 562 deaths, 77 were classified as due to asthma. We matched the 66 subjects who died of asthma for whom there were complete data with 2681 controls. Fifty-three percent of the case patients and 46% of the control patients had used inhaled corticosteroids in the previous year, most commonly low-dose beclomethasone. The mean number of canisters was 1.18 for the patients who died and 1.57 for the controls. On the basis of a continuous dose-response analysis, we calculated that the rate of death from asthma …
Spatial and temporal variability of satellite-derived cloud and surface characteristics during FIRE-ACE

Advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) products calculated for the western Arctic for April-July 1998 are used to investigate spatial, temporal, and regional patterns and variability in energy budget parameters associated with ocean-ice-atmosphere interactions over the Arctic Ocean during the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) project and the First ISCCP (Internatonal Satellite Cloud Climatology Project) Regional Experiment - Arctic Cloud Experiment (FIRE-ACE). The AVHRR-derived parameters include cloud fraction, clear-sky and all-sky skin temperature and broadband albedo, upwelling and downwelling shortwave and longwave radiation, cloud top pressure and temperature, and cloud optical depth. The remotely sensed products generally agree well with field observations at the SHEBA site, which in turn is shown to be representative of a surrounding region comparable in size to a climate-model grid cell. Time series of products for other locations in the western Arctic illustrate the magnitude of spatial variability during the study period and provide spatial and temporal detail useful for studying regional processes. The data illustrate the progression of reduction in cloud cover, albedo decrease, and the considerable heating of the open ocean associated with the anomalous decrease in sea ice cover in the eastern Beaufort Sea that began in late spring. Above-freezing temperatures are also recorded within the ice pack, suggesting warming of the open water areas within the ice cover.
The Bearable Lightness of Aging : Judgment and Decision Processes in Older Adults

The problems and challenges of aging have long been an important societal concern. Accompanying the physical changes of aging are psychological changes that have critical implications for the quality of life that people experience. Equally critical may be the fact that, as people age, their opportunities to recover or compensate for poor-quality judgments and decisions diminish. For example, poor financial decisions early in life may be remedied by learning from mistakes and making better decisions in the future. Less than careful health care choices in one’s earlier years may be compensated for by resilience to disease or injury. However, as one ages, diminished physical capacity and less time can translate into reduced opportunities to recover from the “normal” ups and downs of everyday decision outcomes. As a result, understanding the psychological processes that underlie the judgments and decisions of older adults can help us to identify areas in which they may be most vulnerable and therefore can guide efforts to help them face the challenges of aging.
A Services' Frameworks And Support Services For Environmental Information Communities

This Presentation is brought to you for free and open access by the City College of New York at CUNY Academic Works. It has been accepted forinclusion in International Conference on Hydroinformatics by an authorized administrator of CUNY Academic Works. For more information, pleasecontactAcademicWorks@cuny.edu.
The oscillatory zoning in grandite garnet from Khao Phu Kha, Lop Buri, Central Thailand.

Oscillatory zoning in skarn garnet from Khao Phu Kha area, Lop Buri, Central Thailand, preserves a record of the temporal evolution of contact metasomatism. Garnets with oscillatory zoning are small (0.5-3 mm in diameter) euhedral crystals. They contain mm-scale oscillatory zoning of varying grossular-andradite composition (mole % number of andradite = 45.35 to 98.32). The zoning indicates that garnet was developed during early metasomatism involving diorite intrusion and Permian limestone. During this metasomatic event, Al, Fe, and Si in the fluid reacted with Ca in the carbonate rocks to form grandite garnet. The zoned data were collected by electron microprobe and back-scattered electron images. Detailed electron microprobe line profile and small-area compositional maps of zoned garnet favours crystal growth process for the zoning formation. The grandite garnet displays Fe-rich core with oscillatory zoning at rim. The zoning at the edge is relatively high in Al while Fe content decreases toward the rim. A change in fluid composition during growth may cause the garnet to stop growing temporarily or keep growing but at a much slower rate allowing the Al to precipitate rather than Fe. The fluctuation of the fluid composition could be internally and/ or externally controlled.
Impact of Changes in Mud Siltation of Dongting Lake on the Endemic Factors of Scllistosomiasis After Building Three-Gorge Dam

Objective] To predict the impact of changes in mud siltation of Dongting Lake after building Three-Gorge dam on the endemic factors of schistosomiasis. [Methods] Prospective studies were carried out by sampling regionally on lake beaches. [Results] About 80% of mud and sand in Dongting Lake came from the Yangtzc River. The three inlets through which water flows the River to the Lake contain great amount of mud and sand. On the beaches along which the water passes, the main vegetation is reed and fewer domestic animals are herded there, and so the density of infected snails is low. Water from the four rivers to the Lake in the Province contains lower amount of mud and sand, and on the river beaches the main vegetation is cypcrus sp and willow. Many domestic animals are herded there and the density of infected snails is high. It is estimated that with in 50 years after Three-Gorge project the mud silting into the Lake would be decreased by more than 80%. [Conclusion] Within 50 years after Three-Gorge project, the snail-ridden area on the beaches of Dongting Lake tends to increase slowly; some reed beaches would be degencrated to grass and weed beaches; number of infeeting soures of domestic animaly will increase; area of endemic toci will be enlarged; and infection rate of schistosomiasis among the population who enter these areas for different activities would possiblly increase.