Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simulation-based Assessment to Measure Proficiency in Mechanical Ventilation among Residents

Background Mechanical ventilation (MV) skills are essential for clinicians caring for critically ill patients, yet few training programs use structured curricula and appropriate assessments. Objective structured clinical exams (OSCEs) have been used to assess clinical competency in many areas, but there are no OSCE models focused on MV. Objective To develop and validate a simulation-based assessment (SBA) with an OSCE structure to assess baseline MV competence among residents and identify knowledge gaps. Methods We developed an SBA using a lung simulator and a mechanical ventilator, and an OSCE structure, with six clinical scenarios in MV. We included internal medicine residents at the beginning of their rotation in the respiratory intensive care unit (ICU) of a university-affiliated hospital. A subset of residents was also evaluated with a validated multiple-choice exam (MCE) at the beginning and at the end of the ICU rotation. Scores on both assessments were normalized to range from 0 to 10. We used Cronbach’s α coefficient to assess reliability and Spearman correlation to estimate the correlation between the SBA and the MCE. Results We included 80 residents, of whom 42 also completed the MCE examinations. The final version of the SBA had 32 items, and the Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.72 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64–0.81). The average SBA score was 6.2 ± 1.3, and performance was variable across items, with 80% correctly adjusting initial ventilatory settings and only 12% correctly identifying asynchrony. The MCE had 24 questions, and the average score was 7.6 ± 2.4 at the beginning of the rotation and 8.2 ± 2.3 at the end of the rotation (increase of 0.6 points; 95% CI, 0.30–0.90; P < 0.001). There was moderate correlation between the SBA and the MCE (rho = 0.41; P = 0.002). Conclusion We developed and validated an objective structured assessment on MV using a pulmonary simulator and a mechanical ventilator addressing the main competencies in MV. The performance of residents in the SBA at the beginning of an ICU rotation was lower than the performance in MCE, highlighting the need for greater emphasis on practical skills in MV during residency.
Development of an Inherently Safe Nasopharyngeal Swab Sampling Robot Using a Force Restriction Mechanism

The demand for autonomous nasopharyngeal swab sampling robot systems is increasing owing to the recent outbreak of the respiratory virus pandemic. To protect the medical staff from infection, automatic upper respiratory sample collecting robotic systems are needed. The nasopharyngeal swab sampling robot proposed in this study is composed of a unique force restriction mechanism, a precise 3-axis force sensor, and a compact remote center of motion (RCM) mechanism, which are designed to enhance safety and efficiency. The proposed force restriction mechanism has a constant repulsive force finely adjustable using specially designed leaf spring structures. The force sensor is a capacitance-type 3-axis force sensor based on flexure mechanisms. Owing to the RCM mechanism, the distal end of the swab remains stationary. The effectiveness of the proposed robot was verified by various experiments, including restriction force measurement and a sampling success rate test.
EFFECT OF SEATING CUSHIONS ON PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION IN WHEELCHAIR RACING

This study investigated the efficacy of pressure mapping technology in quantifying athlete-wheelchair interaction at the seating interface, and the influence of foam inserts on pressure (peak and average), and contact area. An XSENSOR LX100 pressure mat was located at the seating interface of six nationally ranked wheelchair racing athletes, who performed regular propulsion on treadmill. Substantial inter-athlete variation was observed on resulting pressure distribution (area and magnitude) for all athletes. Implementation of a foam insert did not impede recording ability, however did alter seating characteristics, lowering seating pressure (peak and average), and increasing contact area. This increase may enhance athlete-wheelchair interaction, which will likely result in a more powerful technique, and increased probability of winning races.
Driving under the infl uence: Prevalence of drugs in oral fl uid

Nowadays, detection of drugs of abuse is a usual practice in the legal field due to its incidence in several proceedings. Saliva is a matrix of increasing utility as it is a non-invasive sample that has been tested in international projects such as ROSITA and drove under the influence of drugs (DUID). Objectives: The study focused on the study of prevalence of drugs of abuse in a sample population of drivers of motor vehicles 3468 oral fluid samples came from local police activities, during the years 2007 until June 2010 in Barcelona (Spain). Materials and Methods: Drivers suspected of DUIDs had to comply with an analytical road-side drug testing. A commercial kit immunoassay based was used (Cozart ® DDS 801). Kits with positive results to any drug, 24.59%, were submitted to the Catalonia Institute of Legal Medicine, with an additional saliva sample (as indicated by Cozart ® DDS 801 provider) for confirmation by gas-chromatography/mass-spectrometry (GC/MS). Drugs detected by the test Cozart ® included: D9 tetrahydrocannabinol, cocaine (COC), opiates, methamphetamines (MAP) amphetamines (AMP). Results: After confirmation results showed a cannabis prevalence in 2064 samples (59.5%), COC in 1952 samples (56.2%) opiates in 258 (7.4%) AMP in 69 samples (1.9%) and MAP in 57 (1.6%). No quantitative analysis were achieved. Conclusions: Results show that cannabis is the most prevalent in the study, followed by COC. Data are valuable in order to initiate sanction proceedings in Spanish legislation and also as signs of recreational drugs consumption which provide information to both epidemiology and public health.
MANAGEMENT OF ENVIRONMENT IN THE PROJECTS OF FOREIGN STUDENTS' TRAINING

Работа посвящена управлению взаимодействующими лицами, заинтересованными в проекте. Многие проблемы, связанные с реализацией проектов, лежат в области среды. Авторы показывают, что несмотря на растущий спрос иностранцев на услуги образования, все еще остается ряд факторов среды негативно влияющих на процесс. Основной вывод, что негативное влияние внешних факторов столь существенно из-за отсутствия эффективной системы управления окружением. Одной из характеристик качества управления интеграционным процессом предложено использовать показатель достигнутого уровня взаимодействия заинтересованных сторон. Показано, что основным заданием принятия решения является нахождение компромисса между достижением желаемого уровня контроля (влияния) и общими организационными затратами.
Three Cases of Dizziness of Central Lesion that Otolaryngologist can Experience in the Outpatient Clinic

Diagnosis of dizziness of central origin remains a challenge, especially when a dizzy patient visits the outpatient clinic. Recently, we experienced 3 cases of central causes in the outpatient otolaryngology clinic. (1) A 37-year-old woman complaint floating dizziness lasting for 10 months. At the first attack of dizziness, she admitted in other hospital and got brain MRI, which did not reveal any pathologic finding. Temporal MRI showed an intracanalicular schwannoma of left ear. (2) A 70-year-old man with hypertension complaint lightheadedness, disequilibrium and tilting sensation, which developed suddenly two days ago. Brain MRI showed an extra-axial mass at left prepontine cistern, which compresses left pons. (3) A 52-year-old man with diabetes mellitus and hypertension complaint relapsing dizziness lasting for about a half hour 2-3 times a day. Its nature was lightheadedness and presyncope, which developed suddenly together with left tinnitus a half month ago. He complained that his vision was blurred during dizziness attack. Brain MRI showed left tortuous distal vertebral artery compressing medulla oblongata.
Blocking strategies 1 2 Factorial hidden Markov models 2 List of Figures

1 Sampling from a posterior distribution over D = 14 binary variables having two symmetric modes so that jumping between the modes requires simultaneously flipping two certain binary variables. The left panel shows the computational complexity for all block Hamming Ball schemes. The middle panel shows the corresponding sampling efficiency which was defined as the transition probability between the two modes (an ideal exact sampler has maximum transition probability equal to 0.5). Finally, the right panel displays the ratio between sampling efficiency and computational complexity which is maximized for (m,K) = (1, 13). For all panels brighter colours indicate higher values. 6 2 Performance in the training phase for the REDD dataset. Panel (a) shows the actual CPU times for carrying out 10,000 sampling iterations for fitting the FHMM to a sequence of length 9, 600 electricity measurements. Panel (b) shows the evolution of the log joint density while panel (c) gives the evolution of the MSE scores. 7 3 Performance of the prediction phase for the REDD dataset when each algorithm uses its own most representative sample over (W, σ) taken to be the last sample after 10,000 iterations in the training phase (panel b) and by using a common representative sample for all algorithms taken to be the last sample from HB2 (panel c). The panel in (a) shows the actual CPU times for carrying out 300 sampling iterations for analyzing the full test sequence of length 57,600. 8 4 Performance on the 7 day REDD data set. Each row displays the actual values of the electricity measurements in the REDD dataset (black dots) together with the mean prediction/reconstruction found by the HB2 algorithm (blue or red). Specifically, the panel in the first row shows the reconstruction in the training sequence, corresponding to Day 1, that was considered for training the FHMM, while the remaining 6 panels show the reconstructions of the full test sequence broken down to individual days. 9
Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) 4 Deficiency Reduces Obesity Induced Insulin Resistance and Adipose Tissue Inflammation

STAT4 is one of the seven members of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) family. STAT4 has a prominent role in mediating IL-12 induced Th1 lineage differentiation. T cells are key players in maintenance of adipose tissue (AT) inflammation. The role of STAT4 in obesity and AT inflammation is unknown. We sought to determine the role of STAT4 in AT inflammation in obesity-induced insulin resistance. We studied STAT4 null mice on the C57Bl6/J background. We have found that STAT4 -/-C57Bl6/J develop similar high fat diet induced obesity (DIO) as wild type controls but have significantly improved insulin sensitivity and better glucose tolerance. Using flow cytometry and real-time PCR, we show that STAT4 -/- mice with DIO produce significantly reduced inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in adipocytes, have reduced CD8 + cells and display increased alternative (M2) macrophage polarization. CD8+ but not the CD4+ cells from STAT4 -/- mice displayed reduced in vitro migration. Also, we found that adipocyte inflammation is reduced and insulin signaling is improved in STAT4 -/- mice with DIO. We have identified STAT4 as a key contributor to insulin resistance and AT inflammation in DIO. Targeting STAT4 activation could be a novel approach to reducing AT inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity. chow diet. Relative quantification by real time PCR shows 5.6-fold higher STAT4 expression in SVF and 8.5-fold higher expression in spleen compared to adipocytes. Western blot confirms the absence of STAT4 in adipocytes and in spleens of STAT4 -/- C57Bl6 mice. Differences in adipocyte gene expression between STAT4-deficient and control mice. Adipocytes were isolated by collagenase digestion from overnight fasted mice and gene expression was measured using the “insulin resistance” pathway focused array from SABioscience (PAMM 22Z) Results are expressed as fold change in STAT4 deficient adipocytes vs. controls (n=3). Only the significant (p<0.05) differences are illustrated. CD3+ cells purified using immunoaffinity based magnetic separation. Migration of each of the STAT4 and
Journal of Drug Discovery, Development and Delivery Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Surmounting the Hiatus between Disease and Health Related Quality of Life

The ultimate goal of management of all critical illnesses are to rehabilitate the patient up to optimum functional level and achieving quality of life and quality adjusted life years. Quality health care can be defined as providing the best possible outcome, safety and service. Quality patient care should be the first priority of every rehabilitation specialist [1]. Physiatrist or specialty of physical medicine and rehabilitation has been recognized as a method that can restore the functional capabilities of patients with disabilities or chronic diseases to become participants in their home and community. Successful rehabilitation to the level at which the individual can participate in the society provides is the basis for the restoration of hope and aspiration for creativity [2]. Medicine has been making highly significant progress in providing better health services. Acute medical and surgical services have successfully decreased mortality and extended life expectancy. As the success of surgical and medical care’s increases, the proportions of patients survive to aged population group increases. Most of the aged people survive with chronic disease and disability, which require more rehabilitation. With the growing of geriatric population, the health care delivery system will be burdened with patients suffering from chronic diseases of musculoskeletal and neurological system. At the same time physiological reserves also declines in aged population. Due to physiological constraints of kidney, liver and many other organs in aged people, the role of pharmacological agents in ameliorating the symptoms has also become limited. Different modalities of physical treatment including exercise used in physical medicine helps the patients in alleviating pain and disability as well as reduce the vulnerability to detrimental Special Article Physical Medicine
Patton, Wendy A. and Creed, Peter (2007) Occupational aspirations and expectations of Australian adolescents. Australian Journal of Career

Adolescents across the five years of high school (169 females and 164 males) completed a survey which identified occupational status aspirations and expectations and RIASEC coded aspirations and expectations. As the focus of the study was to explore relationships between these traditional constructs and key career development constructs. Measures of career maturity, career indecision, self-esteem, career goals and school achievement were also completed. Discrepancies between occupational aspirations and expectations were reported and the relevance of including career development constructs into these investigations was validated. Occupational status aspirations were associated with school achievement, self-esteem, and career maturity. Students who reported achieving well at school, were more career mature and had higher self-esteem were more likely to aspire to professional status occupations than students who held skilled status aspirations, and students who held semi-professional aspirations having more career knowledge than students who held skilled aspirations.
Direct ex vivo gene expression profiling of malaria patients reveals common virulence 1 gene expression in first-time infected patients and severe cases 2

Sequestration of Plasmodium falciparum -infected erythrocytes to host endothelium through 31 the parasite-derived Pf EMP1 adhesion proteins is central to the development of malaria path- 32 ogenesis. Pf EMP1 proteins have diversified and expanded to encompass many sequence var- 33 iants conferring the same array of human endothelial receptor binding phenotypes. Here, we 34 analyzed RNA-seq profiles of parasites isolated from 32 P. falciparum infected travelers re- 35 turning to Germany. Patients were categorized into either malaria naïve (n=15) or pre-exposed 36 (n=17), and into severe (n=8) or non-severe (n=24) cases. Expression analysis of Pf EMP1- 37 encoding var genes showed that severe malaria was associated with Pf EMP1 containing the 38 endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR)-binding CIDRα1 domain, whereas CD36-binding 39 Pf EMP1 was linked to non-severe malaria outcomes. In addition, gene expression-guided de- 40 termination of parasite age suggested that circulating parasites from non-severe malaria pa- 41 tients were older than parasites from severe malaria patients. First-time infected patients were 42 also more likely to develop severe symptoms and tended to be infected for a longer period, 43 which thus appeared to select for parasites with more efficient sequestration and therefore 44 more pathogenic Pf EMP1 variants. 45 between %-transformed measurements are plotted on the y-axis and the mean of the respec- tive DBLα-tag and RNA-seq results are plotted on the x-axis. The bias and the 95% limits of agreement were calculated using GraphPad Prism 8.4. 2.
Flat-fan spray atomization model

In pesticide application, the lack of a suitable theoretical atomization model for flat-fan spray nozzles forces a reliance on empirical data and correlations, even for computational simulations. There is considerable difficulty in the theoretical analysis of the liquid sheet emanating from flat-fan nozzles because no simplification to a two-dimensional analysis can be employed, as is done for cylindrical jets. Nonetheless, 50 years ago, Dombrowski and co-workers used linear stability analysis to analyze the breakup of flat-fan spray sheets into ligaments and from ligaments to droplets. Their correlations have not found use because they include parameters that are difficult, if not impossible, to measure. In this work, the Dombrowski model is simplified using dimensional analysis, resulting in a correlation to predict the volume median diameter of flat-fan sprays in terms of common user parameters, i.e., the nozzle size and operating pressure.
Austin Biometrics and Biostatistics Follow-up Design for Comparing Two Binary Diagnostic Tests

Most conventional methods of comparing two diagnostic tests require patients whose true disease statuses are known. We deal with in this paper a problem of comparing two binary diagnostic tests (referred to as new and standard tests) in a follow-up design, where there are no gold standards. Assume that each patient is examined twice by new and standard tests, respectively. We employed a comparison measure Ψ, which is compared on the basis of the odds ratio of the new and standard test. It is not possible to estimate Ψ from the full likelihood function based on the design, even if two independent multinomial distributions are assumed to the data. Therefore, we focus only on data from discordant pairs between new and standard tests. We construct conditional likelihood conditioned on those pairs and estimate parameters involved in the conditional likelihood. An estimate of Ψ is obtained by plugging those estimates in Ψ. The asymptotic normality of the estimator of Ψ is shown based on delta method and a confidence interval of Ψ is developed. A method of sample size determination for this design is also proposed. Simulation is conducted to study the behavior of the proposed method by considering several scenarios.
Lgr4 protects against inflammatory bowel disease

1 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China 2 Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuang Yong Rd., Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China 3 The Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA 4 These authors contributed equally to this work
Travelling Domain Experiment: Engineering with OntoEdit

Modelling ontologies using OntoEdit involves modelling at a conceptual level, viz. as independently of a concrete representation language as possible, and using GUI's representing views on conceptual structures (concepts, concept hierarchy, relations, instances, axioms) rather than codifying conceptual structures in ASCII. The conceptual model of an ontology is stored internally using a powerful ontology model, which can be mapped onto different, concrete representation languages (e.g. RDF(S) or DAML+OIL). As mentioned above, the core functionalities of OntoEdit are easily expandable through a flexible plug-in framework.
Emergency Medicine Investigations

Acute care is a branch of secondary health care where a patient receives active but short-term treatment for a severe injury or episode of illness, an urgent medical condition, or during recovery from surgery. Simulation based trainingis about repetitive actions and trials, until mastery is achieved. The beauty of this type of training is that errors made are powerful enough, to be the beginning of change in behavior and practice. Simulation has the track record of training and inculcation of both technical skills as well as non-technical skills, such as communications and teamwork. The former is critical in the practice of acute care whereby skills need to be mastered and executed in a timely fashion. Being able to do this could make a difference in saving a patient’s life. Nontechnical skills on the other hand, need to be developed as well because lapses in this area (eg. wrong identification, poor and inaccurate communications, lack of team work, poor handing over, poor instructions delivery, not using closed loop communications) can happen and can lead to major consequences for our patients.
The 2022 Intracranial Hemorrhage Segmentation Challenge on Non-Contrast head CT (NCCT) : Structured description of the challenge design

Provide a summary of the challenge purpose. This should include a general introduction in the topic from both a biomedical as well as from a technical point of view and clearly state the envisioned technical and/or biomedical impact of the challenge. Abstract Provide a summary of the challenge purpose. This should include a general introduction in the topic from both a biomedical as well as from a technical point of view and clearly state the envisioned technical and/or biomedical impact of the challenge.
Collapsing chaos

Genetic networks play a fundamental role in the regulation and control of the development and function of organisms. A simple model of gene networks assumes that a gene can be switched on or off as regulatory inputs to the gene cross critical thresholds. In studies of dynamics of such networks, we found unusual behavior in which phase plane trajectories display irregular dynamics that shrink over long times. This observation leads us to identify a type of dynamics that can be described as collapsing chaos, in which the Lyapunov exponent is positive, but points on the trajectory approach the origin in the long time limit.