Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interaction between Autophagy and Senescence in Pancreatic Beta Cells

Simple Summary Cellular senescence is a state of replication arrest in response to different stimuli and has a wide range of effects on pancreatic beta cells. Accumulation of senescent cells impairs beta cell function and worsens the prognosis of diabetes. Macroautophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway with the primary role of maintaining cellular homeostasis by clearing stress-inducing factors. It plays a context-dependent role in beta cells and the pathophysiology of diabetes. Even though these two processes converge in different signaling checkpoints our understanding of their relationship remains inconclusive. Filling this gap will enable us to grasp the full extent to which these pathways interact, leading to a better understanding of beta cell biology and diabetes. Addressing the questions related to these stress-induced mechanisms may open new research pathways in preventing and slowing diabetes and ameliorating beta cell functionality and health by means of novel therapeutic agents. Abstract Aging leads to an increase in cellular stress due to the fragility of the organism and the inability to cope with it. In this setting, there is a higher chance of developing different cardiometabolic diseases like diabetes. Cellular senescence and autophagy, both hallmarks of aging and stress-coping mechanisms, have gained increased attention for their role in the pathophysiology of diabetes. Studies show that impairing senescence dampens and even prevents diabetes while the role of autophagy is more contradictory, implying a context- and disease-stage-dependent effect. Reports show conflicting data about the effect of autophagy on senescence while the knowledge about this interaction in beta cells remains scarce. Elucidating this interaction between autophagy and senescence in pancreatic beta cells will lead to an identification of their respective roles and the extent of the effect each mechanism has on beta cells and open new horizons for developing novel therapeutic agents. To help illuminate this relationship we will review the latest findings of cellular senescence and autophagy with a special emphasis on pancreatic beta cells and diabetes.
AI can manage Stress created due to English Language learning

Many people experience stress when communicating in English, particularly if it is not their first language. This can be due to factors such as a lack of confidence in their English abilities, fear of making mistakes, or feeling that they are not able to express themselves fully. However, with the help of artificial intelligence (AI), it may be possible to alleviate some of the stress associated with English language communication. To establish the Stress Assessment Scale's (English Version in the Indian Context) psychometric characteristics. The adult population (N=200, Age range 30–60 years) of two universities in Madhya Pradesh, India, was given the stress assessment scale. By calculating exploratory factor analysis, reliability (Cronbach's Alpha), and concurrent validity, the scale's psychometric qualities were verified. The inter-correlation on the stress scale for the English language yields a result of (.90). The English version of the stress scale has a Cronbach's Alpha reliability score of 0.82. A preliminary factor analysis was conducted, and it revealed that 41 items significantly loaded on 12 factors. The English version of the Stress scale's psychometric qualities demonstrate that it is a viable and reliable way to measure stressful life events in adults between the ages of 30 and 60. The stress of undergraduates learning English was also investigated in this study along with mindfulness. However, men's mindfulness did not mediate the second stage of the mediation process (English learning stress English learning self-efficacy). Stress and burnout were not directly connected with mindfulness and English learning fatigue, respectively.
Mechanism, prevention and treatment of cognitive impairment caused by high altitude exposure

Hypobaric hypoxia (HH) characteristics induce impaired cognitive function, reduced concentration, and memory. In recent years, an increasing number of people have migrated to high-altitude areas for work and study. Headache, sleep disturbance, and cognitive impairment from HH, severely challenges the physical and mental health and affects their quality of life and work efficiency. This review summarizes the manifestations, mechanisms, and preventive and therapeutic methods of HH environment affecting cognitive function and provides theoretical references for exploring and treating high altitude-induced cognitive impairment.
On the Equivalence of Closed Figures and Infinitely Extended Lines and the Conclusions Drawn from it

This paper is mainly focused on the equivalence of closed figures and infinitely extended lines. Using this principle, some major conclusions can be drawn. The equivalence of closed figures and infinitely extended lines is mainly based on the idea that closed figures and infinitely extended lines are equivalent. One of the most significant conclusions drawn from this equivalency is that if any object moves along a straight infinitely extended line, it will return back to the point, where it started to move, after some definite time. This principle of equivalence of closed figures and infinitely extended lines may lead us to understand the physical reality of infinities.
The effects of retrenchment prospect on employee morale, a case of Rift Valley Railways, Kenya

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of retrenchment on employee morale A case study of Rift valley Railways (RVR) Kenya. The overall Research problem is that despite an increase in retrenchment exercise in many business organisations in the world, there is a possibility of employee retrenchment having an effect on the morale of existing employees and even scaring off potential employees. Retrenchment in RVR has not solved any problem but instead the work force and operations are shrinking. Retrenchment may create demoralisation, dampen organisational productivity and discourage the Organisation’s most talented and productive members. Permanently employed staffs were considered in this research for the purpose of collecting data. Total sample sizes of 132 employees out of 200 employees in total at the RVR Headquarters in Nairobi were selected using stratified random sampling . The data was collected through the use of questionnaires. The researcher used a case study design and the literature review was based on the effects of retrenchment on employee morale. The study was guided by four objectives which are; To assess the effect of communication before, during after retrenchment in RVR on employee morale, to find out the effect of involvement of employees before, during and after retrenchment on employee morale, to establish the effect of changes in scheme of service before, during and after retrenchment in on employee morale, to find out the effect of human resource practices before, during and after retrenchment on employee morale and to inspire a series of other researchers to build on the recommendations given after the research. The primary data comprised of information gathered from the respondents through questionnaires in Rift Valley Railways. Secondary data comprised of information from already published materials, journals, newspapers and internet on retrenchment. Frequency distribution tables were used where applicable. Means and tables were used because they are easier to read and interpret by variety of readers. Quantitative analysis required the use of computer spread sheet hence statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) was used. Responses of open ended questions were analysed manually by coding
Isolation of Bioactive compounds from the essential oil of Jambolan (Syzygium cumini) and Invitro evaluation of biological potential

The essential oil from leaves of the Syzygium cumini is the subject of this essay, which concentrates on its chemical makeup, antioxidant properties, cytotoxicity (as measured by the mortality and hemolysis of brine shrimp) and antibacterial properties. According to the results of the GC-MS study, 39 substances were discovered. Among these, α - pinene (22.29%), (E)-ocimene (11.68%), D-limonene (7.96%) and α -terpineol (5.26%) are the most noticeable. The free radical scavenging assay (33.17 g/mL), β -carotene in linoleic acid, and percent inhibition in linoleic acid (54.9%) systems were used to test the Syzygium cumini essential oil's antioxidant activity. Oil's antibacterial activity was tested using two-gramme-negative bacteria, four-gramme-positive bacteria, and four pathogenic fungi. The most susceptible fungi and bacteria were Aspergillus niger and Streptococcus Aureus, with MIC values of 2.03 and 3.83 mg/mL, respectively. The LC50 value of the S.cumini leaf essential oil was 29.45 µg/mL for cytotoxicity against Artemia salina nauplii, and the minimum hemolytic activity was 4.26% at a dosage of 0.5 mg/mL.
PrivyNAS: Privacy-Aware Neural Architecture Search for Split Computing in Edge–Cloud Systems

Split computing has become a prominent resource-efficient method to enable machine learning (ML) applications on user-constrained edge devices, where compute-intensive ML workloads can be delegated to remote cloud servers for processing. However, the exposure of data to the cloud service providers as such raises privacy alarms due to the possible leakage of sensitive user information. On a relevant note, typical deep neural network (DNN) design frameworks do not take into account model splitting and its complications at the early design stages of DNNs. Thus, a natural question arises on how to bridge this gap and optimize the DNN design process such that split computing operations can meet the requirements of accuracy, performance, and privacy. In this article, we strive to address this question through adopting a privacy-by-design approach, where privacy is characterized either as a constraint or an objective to realize privacy-aware models tailored for split computing. Using the $\epsilon $ - differential privacy (DP) standard for our case study, we conduct an intensive empirical analysis on the relation between architectural parameters and intrinsic privacy budgets, and propose PrivyNAS —a privacy-aware acrlong NAS framework for split computing. On the CIFAR-10 data set, our approach has demonstrated promising results in providing DNN architectures that balance the required design tradeoffs.
The Archimede Rover: A Comparison Between Simulations and Experiments

In this paper, we propose an in-depth evaluation of the performance of the Archimede rover while traversing rough terrain with loose soil. In order to better analyze this, the reality gap is evaluated when simulating the behavior with an open-source simulator. To this extent, we implement a full model of the rover in the open-source dynamics simulator Gazebo, along with several types of terrains that replicate the experimental conditions. The rover control system is equipped with a kinematics model that allows for driving in different modes. We implement an odometric system aboard the rover, as well as an external optical absolute tracking system as reference. We estimate the drift occurring during driving in different configurations, two types of soil with corresponding wheel geometries. The results show good adherence of the odometry when the rover drives on planar ground; conversely, as expected, a marked influence of slope is seen on wheel drift. The reality gap between simulations and experimental results is kept comparatively small provided that slopes are not present.
Dual Phase Shift Modulation Investigation of Half-Bridge-Active-Clamp Converter for Future Electrified Aircraft Applications

Half bridge active clamp (HBAC) converter is designed for the achievement of a wider voltage conversion range, and it is employed to interface the power transfer between the high voltage and low voltage DC buses in future electrified aircraft applications. Compared with traditional single phase shift (SPS) modulation, the performance of the converter can be further improved by applying the dual phase shift (DPS) modulation. This paper gives a detailed operation principles analysis and presents the related mathematical model of the HBAC converter under DPS modulation method. Besides, the relationship between transferred power and inner phase shift ratio and outer phase shift ratio is also investigated. The mathematical model is verified on the basis of the simulation results. In addition, compared with SPS modulation, the DPS modulation method can achieve higher efficiency for the HBAC converter, particularly lower power conditions.
An improved multi-state constraint kalman filter based on maximum correntropy criterion

In recent years, the multi-state constraint Kalman filter has been widely used in the visual-inertial navigation of unmanned systems. However, in most previous studies, the measurement noise of the navigation system was assumed to be Gaussian noise, but this is not the case in practice. In this paper, the maximum correntropy criterion is introduced into the multi-state constraint Kalman filter to improve the robustness of the visual-inertial system. First, the new maximum correntropy criterion-based Kalman filter is introduced, it uses the maximum correntropy criterion to replace the minimum mean square error criterion to suppress the interference of measurement outliers on the filtering results, and it has no numerical problem in the presence of large measurements outliers. Then, an improved multi-state constraint Kalman filter is designed by applying the new maximum correntropy criterion-based Kalman filter to the multi-state constraint Kalman filter, which improved the robustness of the multi-state constraint Kalman filter. The results of numerical simulation and dataset experiments show that the proposed filter improves the accuracy and robustness of the visual-inertial system.
Numerical Simulation to Investigate Interactions of Generated Underwater Micro Shock Waves and Micro Bubbles by Focusing Femtosecond Pulse Laser

The purpose of this study is to elucidate the mechanism of propagation of the laser-induced micro shock waves under condition where the micro bubbles are generated. In this paper, effects of generated micro bubbles on propagation of the laser-induced micro shock waves were investigated by CFD (computational fluid dynamics). Firstly, the two models (1-D model and 1-D spherical symmetric model) were computed for comparison of the peak pressure variation of the shock waves with propagation. As for governing equations for the propagation of the shock waves, continuity equation, Euler’s momentum equation and Tait’s state equation are used. From the computation, it is confirmed that attenuation of pressure of the 1-D spherical symmetric model was earlier than the 1-D model. In addition, the attenuation of the 1-D spherical symmetric model agreed with the laser-induced shock waves obtained experimentally. However, the peak pressure and duration time of the shock wave was not the same as the experimental result. Then, the bubble behavior was included in the computation of the shock wave propagation. As for the bubble behavior, Rayleigh-Plesset equation is used. From this computation, pressure wave was obtained which superposed the pressure of the shock wave on the internal pressure of the bubble. Although the duration time of the pressure wave was close to the experimental result, the value of the pressure was almost the same as atmospheric pressure. It is suggested that there is a possibility that phenomenon other than the bubbles is generated such as plasma when the shock wave is generated by focusing the femtosecond pulse laser
Growing the Seed of Future from Soil to Server: An Introductory Exploration of Current Tech in Farming Practices

Smart farming, also referred to as precision agriculture, is revolutionizing the agricultural industry by utilizing cutting-edge technologies like cloud computing, the Internet of Things (IoT), machine learning(ML), and Cloud Computing. Farmers can now collect information from a variety of sources, including soil monitors, weather systems, and drones, to make well-informed agricultural management choices thanks to the use of these technologies. Large amounts of data can now be processed and stored more easily thanks to the use of cloud computing, which makes it simpler for farms to analyze the data and use it to maximize agricultural yields and conserve resources. Additionally, agricultural development trends have been predicted using machine learning methods, which have also been used to optimize irrigation, fertilizer, and pesticide use. Precision agriculture has greatly benefited from the IoT, which enables farmers to virtually watch and manage various systems and devices. Data on soil wetness, temperature, and other variables are collected using IoT devices, which are then used to send the data to cloud-based platforms for analysis. With this knowledge, producers can decide when and how much to fertilize or irrigate their crops, saving water and preventing pesticide overflow. IoT devices can also assist in agricultural health monitoring, pest and disease detection, and alerting producers when a response is required. In general, precision agriculture has benefited greatly from the integration of cloud computing, IoT, and machine learning, including increased agricultural yields, enhanced resource economy, and greater environmental sustainability. Future agriculture could be transformed by smart farming, which would also help to secure sustenance for a rising world population. The advantages of incorporating cloud computing, IoT, and machine learning in farmland are highlighted in this paper’s description of smart farming.
Deploying a Novel Approach to Prepare Silver Nanoparticle Bellamya bengalensis Extract Conjugate Coating on Orthopedic Implant Biomaterial Discs to Prevent Potential Biofilm Formation

This study is based on the premise of investigating antibacterial activity through a novel conjugate of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in line with a green synthesis approach by developing antimicrobial-coated implants to prevent bacterial resistance. The AMPs were obtained from Bellamya Bengalensis (BB), a freshwater snail, to prepare the nanocomposite conjugate, e.g., AgNPs@BB extract, by making use of UV-Visible spectroscopy. The antimicrobial assessment of AgNPs@BB extract conjugate was performed using the Resazurin Microtiter Assay Method (REMA), followed by the use of three biocompatible implant materials (titanium alloys, Ti 6AL-4V stainless steel 316L, and polyethylene). Finally, the coating was analyzed under confocal microscopy. The results revealed a significant reduction of biofilm formation on the surfaces of implants coated with conjugate (AgNPs@BB extract) in comparison to uncoated implants. For the MTT assay, no significant changes were recorded for the cells grown on the AgNPs/AMP++ sample in high concentrations. Staphylococcus epidermidis, however, showed more prominent growth on all implants in comparison to Staphylococcus aureus. It is evident from the results that Staphylococcus epidermidis is more susceptible to AgNPs@BB extract, while the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of AgNPs@BB extract conjugates and biosynthesized AgNPs was also on the higher side. This study indicates that AgNPs@BB extract carries antibacterial activity, and concludes that an excessive concentration of AgNPs@BB extract may affect the improved biocompatibility. This study recommends using robust, retentive, and antimicrobial coatings of AgNPs@BB extract for implantable biocompatible materials in accordance with the novel strategy of biomaterial applications.
Novel Function of Cancer Stem Cell Marker ALDH1A3 in Glioblastoma: Pro-Angiogenesis through Paracrine PAI-1 and IL-8

Simple Summary Hyper-angiogenesis is a characteristic of glioblastoma (GBM), and anti-angio-genesis is a crucial strategy to interfere with tumor progression in GBM therapy. We previously found a high expression of ALDH1A3 in proliferating vasculature in GBM patients, which was associated with poor prognosis. The present study generated two ALDH1A3-overexpressing GBM cells (oxGBMs) and demonstrated a potent pro-angiogenesis function of ALDH1A3 under the different conditions of co-culturing oxGBMs with endothelial cells in vitro and in an angiogenesis model in vivo. Moreover, we identified a mechanism underlying the oxALDH1A3-mediated pro-angiogenic effect involving the paracrine PAI-1 and IL-8 derived from oxGBMs. Blockage of PAI-1 or IL-8 hindered the hyper-angiogenesis phenotype resulting from oxALDH1A3. These findings defined a novel function of ALDH1A3 as an angiogenesis promoter in GBM, beyond its role as a well-known cancer stem cell marker, and highlighted ALDH1A3-PAI-1/IL-8 as a novel targeting signaling for future anti-angiogenesis therapy in GBM. Abstract Hyper-angiogenesis is a typical feature of glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive brain tumor. We have reported the expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A3 (ALDH1A3) in proliferating vasculature in GBM patients. We hypothesized that ALDH1A3 may act as an angiogenesis promoter in GBM. Two GBM cell lines were lentivirally transduced with either ALDH1A3 (ox) or an empty vector (ev). The angiogenesis phenotype was studied in indirect and direct co-culture of endothelial cells (ECs) with oxGBM cells (oxGBMs) and in an angiogenesis model in vivo. Angiogenesis array was performed in oxGBMs. RT2-PCR, Western blot, and double-immunofluorescence staining were performed to confirm the expression of targets identified from the array. A significantly activated angiogenesis phenotype was observed in ECs indirectly and directly co-cultured with oxGBMs and in vivo. Overexpression of ALDH1A3 (oxALDH1A3) led to a marked upregulation of PAI-1 and IL-8 mRNA and protein and a consequential increased release of both proteins. Moreover, oxALDH1A3-induced angiogenesis was abolished by the treatment of the specific inhibitors, respectively, of PAI-1 and IL-8 receptors, CXCR1/2. This study defined ALDH1A3 as a novel angiogenesis promoter. oxALDH1A3 in GBM cells stimulated EC angiogenesis via paracrine upregulation of PAI-1 and IL-8, suggesting ALDH1A3-PAI-1/IL-8 as a novel signaling for future anti-angiogenesis therapy in GBM.
Introductory methods of protection measures and disease control of fodder mulberry

In response to disease control in agriculture, the decision of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated January 17, 2020 “On measures to develop the silkworm feed base in the cocoon industry” PQ No. 4567 deepening the reforms implemented in the cocoon industry, creating favorable conditions for the rapid development and diversification of the industry, introducing the cluster method of production organization, forming orchards on the basis of family contracts, systematic reproduction of fertile seedlings, and expansion of intensive-type special nutrient orchards. Despite the high level of immunity against various infectious and non-infectious diseases caused by disease-causing microorganisms caused by climatic conditions and soil composition in various regions of Uzbekistan, cylindrosporiosis is caused by the negative effects of bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Mulberry seedlings, saplings, adult trees with the help of means, preparations, depending on the type of pathogen used in the treatment, protection and fight against powdery mildew, chlorosis, fusarium, leaf swelling (curl), powdery mildew (fungus) diseases and nutritious leaf production is achieved through the healthy maintenance of special feeders.