Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic and generalized Wentzell node conditions for network equations

Motivated by a neurobiological problem, we discuss a class of diffusion problems on a network. The celebrated Rall lumped soma model for the spread of electrical potential in a dendritical tree prescribes that the common cable equation must be coupled with particular dynamic conditions in some nodes (the cell bodies, or somata). We discuss the extension of this model to the case of a whole network of neurons, where the ramification nodes can be either active (with excitatory time‐dependent boundary conditions) or passive (where no dynamics take place, i.e. only Kirchhoff laws are imposed). While well‐posedness of the system has already been obtained in previous works, using abstract tools based on variational methods and semigroup theory we are able to prove several qualitative properties, including asymptotic behaviour, regularity of solutions, and monotonicity of the semigroups in dependence on the physical coefficients. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Large-time behavior of some numerical schemes: application to the sonic-boom phenomenon

In this thesis we highlight the necessity of employing numerical schemes that preserve the large-time dynamical properties of the continuous system. We focus on Burgerslike equations, which are well known to develop N-waves as intermediate or asymptotic profiles. As we show, not only forward simulations can be distorted; the efficiency of solutions of optimization and inverse design problems might be affected too. In particular, we apply our results to the case of the prediction and control of the sonicboom phenomenon, modeled by the augmented Burgers equation.
The lift invariant distinguishes components of Hurwitz spaces for

Hurwitz spaces are moduli spaces of curve covers. The isomorphism classes of covers of P 1 C with given ramiﬁcation data are parameterized combinatorially by Nielsen tuples in the monodromy group G . The Artin braid group acts on Nielsen tuples, and the orbits of this action correspond to the connected components of the corresponding Hurwitz space. In this ar- ticle we consider the case G = A 5 . We give a complete classiﬁcation of the braid orbits for all ramiﬁcation types, showing that the components are always distinguishable by the Fried-Serre lift invariant.
A 5.8-GHz Phased Array FMCW Doppler Radar Front End for Object Localization and Movement Tracking in 65-nm CMOS

This article presents a fully integrated phased array frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) Doppler radar in 65-nm CMOS for noncontact object localization and movement tracking. The core 5.8-GHz sensor chip with the size of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2.3\times1.5$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm provides a peak homodyne structure receiver (RX) array gain of 47 dB and a maximum effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) of 26 dBm on the transmitter (TX) array output with a maximum FMCW bandwidth of 275 MHz. Two <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2 \times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1 \times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> antenna arrays have been implemented for RX and TX units, respectively, utilizing patch antenna elements each with a gain of 8 dBi. The phased array transceiver radar system achieves ±50° beam-scanning coverage and object localization from 0.5 up to 6 m away, with movement tracking.
Dynamics of a Rotating System With a Nonlinear Eddy-Current Damper

We investigate the nonlinear dynamics and stability of a rotating system with an electromagnetic noncontact eddy-current damper. The damper is modeled by a thin nonmagnetic disk that is translating and rotating with a shaft in an air gap of a direct current electromagnet. The damper dissipates energy of the rotating system lateral vibration through induced eddy-currents. The dynamical system also includes a cubic restoring force representing nonlinear behavior of rubber o-rings supporting the shaft. The equilibrium state of the balanced rotating system with an eddy-current damper becomes unstable via a Hopf bifurcation and exact solutions for the limit cycle radius and frequency of the self-excited oscillation are obtained analytically. Forced vibration induced by the rotating system mass imbalance is also investigated analytically and numerically. System response includes periodic and quasiperiodic solutions. Stability of the periodic solutions obtained from the balanced self-excited motion and the imbalance forced response is analyzed by use of Floquet theory. This analysis enables an explanation of the nonlinear dynamics and stability phenomena documented for rotating systems controlled by electromagnetic eddy-current dampers.
Minimum 5-Year Clinical Outcomes of Arthroscopically Repaired Massive Rotator Cuff Tears: Effect of Age on Clinical Outcomes

Background: Massive rotator cuff tears (MRCTs) can be challenging to treat, and the efficacy of repair of MRCTs in older patients has been debated. Purpose: To report minimum 5-year outcomes after primary arthroscopic rotator cuff repair of MRCT and determine whether age affects outcomes. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence 4. Methods: The study included consecutive patients with MRCTs who were treated with arthroscopic rotator cuff repair by a single surgeon between February 2006 and October 2016. MRCTs were defined as ≥2 affected tendons with tendon retraction to the glenoid rim and/or a minimum exposed greater tuberosity of ≥67. Patient-reported outcome (PRO) data collected preoperatively and at a minimum of 5 years included the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score; Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) score; the shortened version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score (QuickDASH); the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) Physical Component Summary (PCS); and patient satisfaction. Surgical failure was defined as subsequent revision rotator cuff surgery or conversion to reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. Regression analysis was performed to determine whether age had an effect on clinical outcomes. Results: A total of 53 shoulders in 51 patients (mean age, 59.7 years; range, 39.6-73.8 years; 34 male, 19 female) met inclusion criteria with a mean follow-up of 8.1 years (range, 5.0-12.1 years). Three shoulders (5.7%) failed at 2.4, 6.0, and 7.1 years. Minimum 5-year follow-up was obtained in 45 of the remaining 50 shoulders (90%). Mean PROs improved as follows: ASES from 58.8 to 96.9 (P < .001), SANE from 60.5 to 88.5 (P < .001), QuickDASH from 34.2 to 6.8 (P < .001), and SF-12 PCS from 41.1 to 52.2 (P < .001). Patient satisfaction was a median of 10 (on a scale of 1-10). Age was not associated with any PRO measures postoperatively (P > .05). Conclusion: This study demonstrated significantly improved clinical scores, decreased pain, and increased return to activity for patients with MRCT at midterm follow-up (mean, 8.1 years; range, 5.0-12.1 years). In this patient cohort, no association was found between age and clinical outcomes.
LRRK2 Structure-Based Activation Mechanism and Pathogenesis

Mutations in the multidomain protein Leucine-rich-repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) have been identified as a genetic risk factor for both sporadic and familial Parkinson’s disease (PD). LRRK2 has two enzymatic domains: a RocCOR tandem with GTPase activity and a kinase domain. In addition, LRRK2 has three N-terminal domains: ARM (Armadillo repeat), ANK (Ankyrin repeat), and LRR (Leucine-rich-repeat), and a C-terminal WD40 domain, all of which are involved in mediating protein–protein interactions (PPIs) and regulation of the LRRK2 catalytic core. The PD-related mutations have been found in nearly all LRRK2 domains, and most of them have increased kinase activity and/or decreased GTPase activity. The complex activation mechanism of LRRK2 includes at least intramolecular regulation, dimerization, and membrane recruitment. In this review, we highlight the recent developments in the structural characterization of LRRK2 and discuss these developments from the perspective of the LRRK2 activation mechanism, the pathological role of the PD mutants, and therapeutic targeting.
A Review of Homomorphic Encryption for Privacy-Preserving Biometrics

The advancement of biometric technology has facilitated wide applications of biometrics in law enforcement, border control, healthcare and financial identification and verification. Given the peculiarity of biometric features (e.g., unchangeability, permanence and uniqueness), the security of biometric data is a key area of research. Security and privacy are vital to enacting integrity, reliability and availability in biometric-related applications. Homomorphic encryption (HE) is concerned with data manipulation in the cryptographic domain, thus addressing the security and privacy issues faced by biometrics. This survey provides a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art HE research in the context of biometrics. Detailed analyses and discussions are conducted on various HE approaches to biometric security according to the categories of different biometric traits. Moreover, this review presents the perspective of integrating HE with other emerging technologies (e.g., machine/deep learning and blockchain) for biometric security. Finally, based on the latest development of HE in biometrics, challenges and future research directions are put forward.
Avoidance of the term agile in software engineering: Necessary and possible

The term agile is frequently used in IT especially in the area of software engineering. The broad pervasiveness of the term agile is astonishing, because it is not well defined in the area of software engineering. The fuzziness of the term agile comes with the danger of ill‐founded decisions and ideological discussions. Both slow down the gain in knowledge in the domain of software engineering. The term agile should therefore not be used either in science nor in the industry.
Spatiotemporal and Seasonal Trends of Class A and B Notifiable Infectious Diseases in China: Retrospective Analysis

Background China is the most populous country globally and has made significant achievements in the control of infectious diseases over the last decades. The 2003 SARS epidemic triggered the initiation of the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention (CISDCP). Since then, numerous studies have investigated the epidemiological features and trends of individual infectious diseases in China; however, few considered the changing spatiotemporal trends and seasonality of these infectious diseases over time. Objective This study aims to systematically review the spatiotemporal trends and seasonal characteristics of class A and class B notifiable infectious diseases in China during 2005-2020. Methods We extracted the incidence and mortality data of 8 types (27 diseases) of notifiable infectious diseases from the CISDCP. We used the Mann-Kendall and Sen’s methods to investigate the diseases’ temporal trends, Moran I statistic for their geographical distribution, and circular distribution analysis for their seasonality. Results Between January 2005 and December 2020, 51,028,733 incident cases and 261,851 attributable deaths were recorded. Pertussis (P=.03), dengue fever (P=.01), brucellosis (P=.001), scarlet fever (P=.02), AIDS (P<.001), syphilis (P<.001), hepatitis C (P<.001) and hepatitis E (P=.04) exhibited significant upward trends. Furthermore, measles (P<.001), bacillary and amebic dysentery (P<.001), malaria (P=.04), dengue fever (P=.006), brucellosis (P=.03), and tuberculosis (P=.003) exhibited significant seasonal patterns. We observed marked disease burden–related geographic disparities and heterogeneities. Notably, high-risk areas for various infectious diseases have remained relatively unchanged since 2005. In particular, hemorrhagic fever and brucellosis were largely concentrated in Northeast China; neonatal tetanus, typhoid and paratyphoid, Japanese encephalitis, leptospirosis, and AIDS in Southwest China; BAD in North China; schistosomiasis in Central China; anthrax, tuberculosis, and hepatitis A in Northwest China; rabies in South China; and gonorrhea in East China. However, the geographical distribution of syphilis, scarlet fever, and hepatitis E drifted from coastal to inland provinces during 2005-2020. Conclusions The overall infectious disease burden in China is declining; however, hepatitis C and E, bacterial infections, and sexually transmitted infections continue to multiply, many of which have spread from coastal to inland provinces
Structure of the magnetic field in the radio jets in 3C 31 and NGC 315.

We have used the VLA to map the distributions of the total and linearly polarized radio brightness over the inner parts of the jets in the radio galaxies 3C 31 and NGC 315. In each galaxy we find that the jet on one side of the nuclear radio core has a bright base within which the organized component of the magnetic field lies predominantly parallel to the jet for several kiloparsecs. Farther from the cores, as the jets widen, their magnetic fields become predominantly perpendicular to the jet axes, and the jets become more symmetric in intensity.
Influence of the Type and Concentration of the Dopant on the Photocatalytic Activity of Strontium Bismuthate Sr2Bi2O5

The paper investigates the optical and photocatalytic properties of strontium bismuthate doped with various rare earth elements. The data presented indicate that the type and concentration of the dopant have different effects on such parameters of a given semiconductor photocatalyst, such as the optical bandgap, absorption in the intrinsic area, and photocatalytic activity. On the basis of the studies carried out, the most promising rare earth elements have been identified and their optimal concentrations have been established for doping alkaline earth metal bismuthates.
Gut Failure: A Review of the Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Potentials in the Gut–Heart Axis

Despite considerable advances in the field, heart failure (HF) still poses a significant disease burden among affected individuals since it continues to cause high morbidity and mortality rates. Inflammation is considered to play a key role in disease progression, but the exact underlying pathophysiological mechanisms involved have not yet been fully elucidated. The gut, as a potential source of inflammation, could feasibly explain the state of low-grade inflammation seen in patients with chronic HF. Several derangements in the composition of the microbiota population, coupled with an imbalance between favorable and harmful metabolites and followed by gut barrier disruption and eventually bacterial translocation, could contribute to cardiac dysfunction and aggravate HF. On the other hand, HF-associated congestion and hypoperfusion alters intestinal function, thereby creating a vicious cycle. Based on this evidence, novel pharmaceutical agents have been developed and their potential therapeutic use has been tested in both animal and human subjects. The ultimate goal in these efforts is to reverse the aforementioned intestinal derangements and block the inflammation cascade. This review summarizes the gut-related causative pathways implicated in HF pathophysiology, as well as the associated therapeutic interventions described in the literature.
The simulation of particle filter scheme for underg round observation series

The underground observation series are signals with non-Gauss noise which can’t be done by traditional filtering such as Kalman filtering (KF). Particle filtering(P F) does well in denoising the non-linear disturbed signals, but as the observing time extend, the PF will have problem s with sample degeneration weight degeneracy. The p presents new particle filter schemes which can be w idely used in the field of chaos signal denoise and target identification, especially for underground signals. The approach improves the estimation accuracy with out decreasing computing speed.
Anti-COVID-19 Credentials of Chitosan Composites and Derivatives: Future Scope?

Chitosan derivatives and composites are the next generation polymers for biomedical applications. With their humble origins from the second most abundant naturally available polymer chitin, chitosan is currently one of the most promising polymer systems, with wide biological applications. This current review gives a bird’s eye view of the antimicrobial applications of chitosan composites and derivatives. The antiviral activity and the mechanisms behind the inhibitory activity of these components have been reviewed. Specifically, the anti-COVID-19 aspects of chitosan composites and their derivatives have been compiled from the existing scattered reports and presented. Defeating COVID-19 is the battle of this century, and the chitosan derivative-based combat strategies naturally become very attractive. The challenges ahead and future recommendations have been addressed.
Near-field aperture fabricated by solid–solid diffusion

It is well known that some metals (such as Ag) can diffuse into chalcogenides (such as Te) to produce alloys at room temperature. Using this solid–solid diffusion, we propose a technique to fabricate a near-field probe. Some basic experiments were carried out by this technique, and we obtained images on both the atomic-force microscope and scanning near-field optical microscope at the same time. Furthermore, it was found that the shading of Te is superior to that of other metals such as Ag and Al.
Gateway malicious command detecting for intelligent fishery sensor networks

Fisheries IoT realizes real-time online detecting and precise modulation of aquaculture process, which greatly enhances the informationization, automation and intelligence level of farms, reduces production costs, promotes the scale of fishery industry, and improves the quality level and market competitiveness of agricultural products. However, the key to large-scale fishery farming lies in accurate water environment modulation, the IoT gateway system is the key to realize the ability of intelligent fishery to achieve accurate water environment modulation. Once the aquatic product networking is attacked by malicious IoT commands, it may cause rapid disintegration of the farming environment ecosystem at any time, resulting in huge economic losses. Due to the size and power consumption of fishery IoT gateways, traditional security protection means are often difficult to be applied in such scenarios. Therefore, this paper proposes an improved malicious command detection method for smart fisheries sensor gateways based on deep learning techniques, aiming to accurately and efficiently identify malicious control commands of smart fisheries sensor networks on IoT gateways. The main contributions of this paper are three: (1) Transforming various types of signals from gateways into feature texts, which are used as inputs for deep learning for command classification. (2) Based on the BiLSTM model, it is improved by adding a multi-headed self-attention mechanism to obtain a smaller size and higher accuracy malicious command detection model applicable to smart fisheries gateways (3) Experimental results show that compared with other models, highly confusing malicious commands elaborated for the command characteristics of short, small size and high change rate of smart fisheries sensor commands The improved BiLSTM model has a higher recognition rate.
Astrometric and Photometric Corrections for the 34th Row Error in HST’s WFPC2 Camera

A small manufacturing defect, known but rarely noted, occurs at approximately every 34th row of each of the chips of WFPC2. This defect induces errors in photometry at the 0.01–0.02 mag level for about 6% of all stars, and periodic errors in astrometry for all stars, with an amplitude of 0.03 pixel. We derive simple corrections for these errors. The errors exist in all astrometry and photometry previously done with WFPC2, but they can be avoided in future work by applying the corrections that we give here.
A 20-dBm W-band power amplifier in 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS technology

This paper presents a common emitter (CE) four-way combined W-band power amplifier in 0. 13μm SiGe BiCMOS process. The PA is designed with four-stage CE structure and λ/4 impedance transformation networks for power combining. The four-way amplifier has a peak small signal gain of 22.6 dB at 92.6 GHz. The 3 dB bandwidth is 15GHz ranging from 83.2-98.2GHz. The PA has saturation output power (Psat) of 20-20.8 dBm at 90-98 GHz and power-added efficiency (PAE) of 7.8-11.6% and output referred 1dB compression point (OP1dB) of 18.2-19 dBm at 90-98 GHz.
Modification of Anodic Titanium Oxide Bandgap Energy by Incorporation of Tungsten, Molybdenum, and Manganese In Situ during Anodization

In this research, we attempted to modify the bandgap of anodic titanium oxide by in situ incorporation of selected elements into the anodic titanium oxide during the titanium anodization process. The main aim of this research was to obtain photoactivity of anodic titanium oxide over a broader sunlight wavelength. The incorporation of the selected elements into the anodic titanium oxide was proved. It was shown that the bandgap values of anodic titanium oxides made at 60 V are in the visible region of sunlight. The smallest bandgap value was obtained for anodic titanium oxide modified by manganese, at 2.55 eV, which corresponds to a wavelength of 486.89 nm and blue color. Moreover, it was found that the pH of the electrolyte significantly affects the thickness of the anodic titanium oxide layer. The production of barrier oxides during the anodizing process with properties similar to coatings made by nitriding processes is reported for the first time.
Sequential Load Restoration With Soft Open Points and Time-Dependent Cold Load Pickup for Resilient Distribution Systems

Global changes in climate conditions and increasing number of weather-related disasters in the world have elevated the quest for better load restorations in power distribution systems. This paper proposes a distribution system restoration (DSR) model where non-exponential time-dependent cold load pickup (CLPU) characteristics and soft open point operations are simultaneously addressed. We develop a time-dependent CLPU model for attaining a more realistic and secure DSR in which we demonstrate that the traditional delayed exponential model (DEM) for a long outage duration is a special case of the adopted CLPU model. The current soft open point (SOP) models would typically relax the operation constraints without devising any tightening procedures, which might lead to inaccurate or even infeasible SOP states. In this paper, we analyze the reasons traditional SOP constraints would lead to unsecure operations and present a set of novel SOP operation constraints for recovering bindings. Also, we adopt the sequential second order cone programming (SSOCP) algorithm to establish the sequential framework of DSR and solve the proposed model effectively. Our presented case studies discuss the rationality of the proposed DSR model and algorithm.