Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Attractions of delay: Using deliberative engagement to investigate the political and strategic impacts of greenhouse gas removal technologies

Concerns have been raised that a focus on greenhouse gas removals (GGR) in climate models, scientific literature and other media might deter measures to mitigate climate change through reduction of emissions at source – the phenomenon of ‘mitigation deterrence’. Given the urgent need for climate action, any delay in emissions reduction would be worrying. We convened nine deliberative workshops to expose stakeholders to futures scenarios involving mitigation deterrence. The workshops examined ways in which deterrence might arise, and how it could be minimized. The deliberation exposed social and cultural interactions that might otherwise remain hidden. The paper describes narratives and ideas discussed in the workshops regarding political and economic mechanisms through which mitigation deterrence might occur, the plausibility of such pathways, and measures recommended to reduce the risk of such occurrence. Mitigation deterrence is interpreted as an important example of the ‘attraction of delay’ in a setting in which there are many incentives for procrastination. While our stakeholders accepted the historic persistence of delay in mitigation, some struggled to accept that similar processes, involving GGRs, may be happening now. The paper therefore also reviews the claims made by participants about mitigation deterrence, identifying discursive strategies that advocates of carbon removal might deploy to deflect concerns about mitigation deterrence. We conclude that the problem of mitigation deterrence is significant, needs to be recognized in climate policy, and its mechanisms better understood. Based on stakeholder proposals we suggest ways of governing GGR which would maximize both GGR and carbon reduction through other means.
A Systematic Review of Studies Comparing Actigraphy Indices in Patients with Depression and Schizophrenia

Introduction: Abnormalities in sleep-wake activities are frequently observed among patients with depression and schizophrenia. These abnormalities are variable and may have discriminative, clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic significance if measured objectively with actigraphy. Aim: To systematically review the published literature on actigraphy in depression and schizophrenia, particularly to identify areas of research that need to be addressed before their clinical application in practice. Materials and Methods: The electronic databases (PubMed and Google Scholar) were searched for studies using the the key terms ‘actigraphy’ OR ‘actigraphic recording’ OR ‘wrist actigraphy’ OR ‘actometer’ OR ‘actimeter’ OR ‘actical’ OR ‘actiwatch’ OR ‘sleep- watch’ AND ‘schizoaffective’ OR ‘schizophr*’ OR ‘psychosis’ AND ‘depression’ OR ‘depressive’ in title and abstract. The literature search was limited to articles published in English and until 31st December, 2020. Data were abstracted by two reviewers and presented as a narrative summary of the findings. A qualitative synthesis of the study designs, populations, and outcomes was conducted. The quantitative synthesis of the results was not possible to conduct due to the heterogeneity and scarcity of the included studies. Results: Out of 33 searched articles, a total of four studies (three observational and one case report) were included for the review. The included studies were heterogeneous, small in sample size, divergent in methods, inclusive of clinical population, having more than two groups (depression, schizophrenia, mania, or bipolar disorders), and with a low degree of evidence. Overall, the patients with schizophrenia have more structured and less complex activity pattern than those with depression. Furthermore, the patients with schizophrenia showed more irregular patterns in the morning period and increased fluctuations inactivity in the evening period than depression patients. Conclusion: Currently, available information is insufficient to draw firm conclusions on use of actigraphy indices (e.g., duration of active periods, a pattern of activity, and sleep) for diagnosis and discrimination among the patients with schizophrenia and depression. Large, prospective, and comparative studies are required to identify role of actigraphy among these patients.
RELIGION AND MONEY: PREDICTORS OF EMPLOYEE COMMITMENT WITHIN THE HEALTH SECTOR

Employee workplace commitment is one of an imperative topic nowadays in the organizational studies. Religion and money are among the several antecedents of employee commitment in organizations. Employees’ religion and organizational monetary reward practices are of eagerly importance in an employee career. Organizations have been facing lack of commitment in their workforce because of less consideration on the monetary as well as spiritual aspects. A comparative analysis between these two antecedents will be helpful to find out the true aspect behind this shortfall in the health sector. This study aims to investigate the relationship between monetary reward practices and religious affiliation with employee commitment. Data was collected from 233 Muslim employees of the health sector of Pakistan and the correlation and regression analysis were done by SPSS. The findings interpret that monetary reward practices were found to be highly related to employee commitment and having more effective influence as compared to employee’s religious affiliation. The current study suggests the health sector of Pakistan to take an account in providing monetary benefits to the employees to strengthen their workplace commitment.
Polymer outdoor insulating materials. Part I: Comparison of porcelain and polymer electrical insulation

It is the objective of this series of articles, beginning in this issue, to review for users the benefits of polymer insulating materials. Material science, design, and processing conditions all influence performance and must be considered. Using silicone as an example, we will discuss performance considerations and present data on performance counter to common industry perceptions. The series goal is to acquaint the user with relevant topics so that more informed decisions can be made in the evaluation, selection, and use of outdoor polymer material insulation. In Part I, a comparison of porcelain and polymer properties is presented, including the relative advantages of each.
Identification of Morphologic Criteria Associated with Biochemical Recurrence in Intraductal Carcinoma of the Prostate

Simple Summary Despite the strong association of the aggressive intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) with an increased risk of biochemical recurrence (BCR), around 40% of men remain BCR-free five years post-surgery. In this retrospective study, we aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of several morphological criteria of IDC-P using BCR as the endpoint. In multivariate analysis (validation cohort, n = 69), the presence of cells with irregular nuclear contours (CINC) or blood vessels was independently associated with an increased risk of BCR (hazard ratio [HR] 2.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09–4.96, p = 0.029). Furthermore, when combining the criteria, the presence of any CINC, blood vessels, high mitotic score, or comedonecrosis showed a stronger association with BCR (HR 2.74, 95% CI 1.21–6.19, p = 0.015). Provided that our findings are validated in larger cohorts, evaluation of morphologic features of IDC-P could serve as a risk stratification tool for patients with IDC-P. Abstract Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) is an aggressive subtype of prostate cancer strongly associated with an increased risk of biochemical recurrence (BCR). However, approximately 40% of men with IDC-P remain BCR-free five years after radical prostatectomy. In this retrospective multicenter study, we aimed to identify histologic criteria associated with BCR for IDC-P lesions. A total of 108 first-line radical prostatectomy specimens were reviewed. In our test cohort (n = 39), presence of larger duct size (>573 µm in diameter), cells with irregular nuclear contours (CINC) (≥5 CINC in two distinct high-power fields), high mitotic score (>1.81 mitoses/mm2), blood vessels, and comedonecrosis were associated with early BCR (<18 months) (p < 0.05). In our validation cohort (n = 69), the presence of CINC or blood vessels was independently associated with an increased risk of BCR (hazard ratio [HR] 2.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09–4.96, p = 0.029). When combining the criteria, the presence of any CINC, blood vessels, high mitotic score, or comedonecrosis showed a stronger association with BCR (HR 2.74, 95% CI 1.21–6.19, p = 0.015). Our results suggest that IDC-P can be classified as low versus high-risk of BCR. The defined morphologic criteria can be easily assessed and should be integrated for clinical application following validation in larger cohorts.
Infeksi Sars-Cov-2 Pada Kehamilan dan Persalinan: Studi Literatur

This study aims to analyze the clinical symptoms and complications of SARS-Cov-2 infection in pregnancy and childbirth. This study is a literature study that analyzes the results of a study containing clinical symptoms and complications of SARS-Cov-2 infection in pregnancy and childbirth in Asian patients. Articles were taken from several databases deemed relevant published in 2020. 46 pregnant women with SARS-Cov-2 infection obtained from 5 case studies had the most complications, namely premature rupture of membrane (PROM) (10.87%), fetal distress (8.7%), preterm labor (19.57%), and preeclampsia (6.5%). The gestational age of all mothers at the time of infection was the third trimester (100%). 87% of mothers gave birth by way of a cesarean section. The most clinical symptom was fever (54.35%). Management of the prevention of transmission of SARS-Cov-2 infection in pregnant women is a matter that must be prioritized, this is done to avoid complications and transmission during childbirth and breastfeeding. Selection of the right method of delivery also needs to be considered in preventing mother-to-baby transmission during delivery. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis gejala klinik dan komplikasi infeksi SARS-Cov-2 pada kehamilan dan persalinan. Penelitian ini merupakan studi literatur yang menganalisis hasil penelitian yang berisi gejala klinik dan komplikasi infeksi SARS-Cov-2 pada kehamilan dan persalinan pada pasien di Asia. Artikel diambil dari beberapa database yang dianggap relevan yang dipublikasikan tahun 2020. 46 wanita hamil dengan infeksi SARS-Cov-2 yang diperoleh dari 5 studi kasus memiliki komplikasi paling banyak yaitu premature rupture of membrane (PROM) (10,87%), fetal distress (8,7%), partus preterm (19,57%), dan prekelampsia (6,5%). Usia kehamilan seluruh ibu pada saat terinfeksi adalah trimester III (100%). 87% ibu melahirkan dengan cara section cesaria . Gejala klinik yang paling banyak adalah demam (54,35%). Manajemen pencegahan penularan infeksi SARS-Cov-2 pada ibu hamil merupakan hal yang harus diprioritaskan, hal ini dilakukan untuk menghindari komplikasi dan transmisi saat bersalin dan menyusui. Pemilihan metode persalinan yang tepat juga perlu dipertimbangkan dalam pencegahan transmisi ibu ke bayi saat bersalin.
Capitalizing on thematic initiatives: a framework for process-based change in SMEs

This paper challenges the critical articles that have classified thematic initiatives as ‘fads’ or ‘fashions’ of their period with little real value. Using business process reengineering (BPR) as an example, the paper suggests that it is important to ‘unpack’ thematic initiatives into their key management principles. The key management principles that form the conceptual basis of BPR are described. Primary data from empirical studies are accumulated to identify the existence of these principles in the change management practices of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). The results indicate that the SME companies studied used uncoordinated change management practices which move from one implementation issue to the next without appropriate strategic planning and monitoring practices. A methodology that specifically embodies the conceptual basis of BPR was developed and tested. The results from this phase of the research indicated that the initial bias of SME managers towards some and away from other specific implementation issues was levelled out by the application of the methodology. The paper will argue that methodology development, based on the key management principles, encourages companies to consider systemically the full range of issues. The paper concludes that it is not appropriate for companies to oscillate around an adoption–abandonment cycle with respect to thematic initiatives. Companies need to ‘unpack’ these initiatives and develop their practices based on the key management principles which popularized the ‘theme’ in the first place.
Plant Diversity Affec ts Performance of Invasive Thi stles in Restored Nebraska Grasslands

Invasive plant species threaten native grasslands, affecting nutrient cycling, biodiversity, wildlife habitat, and usable land for production. Consequently, preventing establishment of invasive species is critical before removal becomes difficult and expensive. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of grassland plant diversity on musk thistle (Carduus nutans) and Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) establishment and determine which environmental factors (light penetration, soil moisture, plant diversity, and soil nitrogen) account for resistance to invasions. In a field experiment at The Nature Conservancy's Wood River site (Nebraska), the two invasive thistle species were planted into replicated grassland diversity plots. The 0.3 hectares grassland plots were seeded as monoculture (Andropogon gerardi), low diversity, and high diversity treatments in 2010. The experiment also included plots maintained as bare soil. Plant diversity was measured in 2013. Environmental factors were measured during the growing seasons (April-October) of 2013 and 2014. After two years, both thistle species flourished in bare soil plots, maintained populations in monoculture and low diversity plots, while thistles in the high diversity grassland plots emerged but died prior to completing their normal life cycle. Analyses of the environmental factors show strong declines in resource availability (light, water, nitrogen) associated with both plant biomass and diversity across the experimental diversity gradient. Center) for funding my graduate research assistantship and project. I would like to thank my co-advisors Dr. Dave Wedin and Dr. Steve Young. I would like to thank Dr. Steve Young for giving me the opportunity to pursue my Master's Degree even though I did not have the strongest background in this area of study. I would like to thank Dr. Dave Wedin for always being willing to meet to help fill in my knowledge gap especially in statistical analysis. Thank you for always having an open door policy to discuss any questions or concerns I had with my experiment and the requirements to graduate. I would like to thank them both for answering my endless questions and offering me advice, encouragement and guidance through this entire process. I would also like to thank them both for being so understanding when I had to take some time off when I became ill and allowing me to come back at my own pace. I would like to thank Dr. Craig Allen for providing support and participating on my committee. I would like to thank Jeremy Hiller and Jeff Hartman for locating and …
Cascaded DC-DC converter connection of photovoltaic modules

New residential scale photovoltaic (PV) arrays are commonly connected to the grid by a single DC-AC inverter connected to a series string of PV modules, or many small DC-AC inverters which connect one or two modules directly to the AC grid. This paper shows that a "converter-per-module" approach offers many advantages including individual module maximum power point tracking, which gives great flexibility in module layout, replacement, and insensitivity to shading; better protection of PV sources, and redundancy in the case of source or converter failure; easier and safer installation and maintenance; and better data gathering. Simple nonisolated per-module DC-DC converters can be series connected to create a high voltage string connected to a simplified DC-AC inverter. These advantages are available without the cost or efficiency penalties of individual DC-AC grid connected inverters. Buck, boost, buck-boost and Cuk converters are possible cascadable converters. The boost converter is best if a significant step up is required, such as with a short string of 12 PV modules. A string of buck converters requires many more modules, but can always deliver any combination of module power. The buck converter is the most efficient topology for a given cost. While flexible in voltage ranges, buck-boost and Cuk converters are always at an efficiency or alternatively cost disadvantage.
Combination of carbohydrases and essential oils improve dietary performance of feedlot steers on a high-energy diet

Essential oils and enzymes are alternatives to feed additives for ruminants that aim to replace the use of ionophores and improve animal performance, but their mechanisms of action are different. Therefore, the present study aimed to verify if there is a synergistic effect in the combined use of enzymes carbohydrates and essential oils on the performance, ingestive behavior and carcass traits of steers fed a high-energy diet. During the finishing period of 78 days, 40 steers were assigned to four treatments: CON- control; ENZ- enzymatic complex; EO- essential oil blend; ENZ+EO - enzymatic complex combined with essential oil blend. Regardless of the feedlot periods, the ENZ+EO treatment caused a reduction in the dry matter intake (12.48%) compared to the control. The ENZ+EO treatment resulted in the lowest mean fecal output and, consequently, the highest dry matter digestibility (DMD) and starch digestibility (SD), compared to the other treatments. Animals that received EO and ENZ+EO in the diet spent more time in feeding. As for the number of times animals visited the feeding trough, the highest values were presented by the animals in the EO, ENZ and ENZ+EO treatments. For the carcass parameters, only the subcutaneous fat thickness on the rib was significantly different between treatments, with the highest values obtained by adding EO and ENZ+EO (8.80 and 8.10 mm respectively). Thus, the combination of carbohydrate enzymes and essential oils proved to be synergistically beneficial in relation to better use of nutrients and productive performance of feedlot steers.
A MEMS-based silicon micropump with intersecting channels and integrated hotwires

This paper presents the development of a gas-jet micropump with different cross-junctions and integrated hotwire. The device is actuated by a piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) diaphragm at its resonant frequency. The design focuses on a cross-junction formed by the intersection of the channels and neck of the pump chamber, which allows differences in fluidic resistance and fluidic momentum during each PZT diaphragm vibration cycle and thus enables rectification of the gas without valves. Three different designs were investigated by utilizing the ANSYS-FLUENT software. Simulations and experimental data revealed that the step nozzle structure with anti-choking space has much more advantages than the others. The device has been fabricated by the standard MEMS process, and the tiny hotwire has been realized together with the fluidic network. Experiments have been carried out. At a driven frequency of 7.9 kHz, a flow rate of 5.2 ml min−1 was obtained with an applied sinusoidal voltage of 50 Vp-p. The output voltage on the hotwire was measured to be 130 mV at a constant current of I = 0.1 mA.
Immune Response to Persistent Staphyloccocus Aureus Periprosthetic Joint Infection in a Mouse Tibial Implant Model

Staphyloccocus aureus is one of the major pathogens in orthopedic periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), a devastating complication of total joint arthroplasty that often results in chronic and persistent infections that are refractory to antibiotics and require surgical interventions. Biofilm formation has been extensively investigated as a reason for persistent infection. The cellular composition, activation status, cytokine profile, and role of the immune response during persistent S. aureus PJI are incompletely understood. In this study, we used histology, multiparametric flow cytometry, and gene expression analysis to characterize the immune response in a clinically relevant orthopedic PJI model. We tested the hypothesis that persistent S. aureus infection induces feedback mechanisms that suppress immune cell activation, thereby affecting the course of infection. Surprisingly, persistent infection was characterized by strikingly high cytokine gene expression indicative of robust activation of multiple components of innate and adaptive immunity, along with ongoing severe neutrophil‐dominated inflammation, in infected joint and bone tissues. Activation and expansion of draining lymph nodes and a bone marrow stress granulopoiesis reaction were also maintained during late phase infection. In parallel, feedback mechanisms involving T‐cell inhibitory receptors and exhaustion markers, suppressive cytokines, and regulatory T cells were activated and associated with decreased T‐cell proliferation and tissue infiltration during the persistent phase of infection. These results identify the cellular and molecular components of the mouse immune response to persistent S. aureus PJI and indicate that neutrophil infiltration, inflammatory cytokine responses, and ongoing lymph node and bone marrow reactions are insufficient to clear infection and that immune effector mechanisms are suppressed by feedback inhibitory pathways. These immune‐suppressive mechanisms are associated with diminished T‐cell proliferation and tissue infiltration and can be targeted as part of adjuvant immunotherapeutic strategies in combination with debridement of biofilm, antibiotics, and other therapeutic modalities to promote eradication of infection. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Analysis and Design of Hydraulic System of a Hydraulically Actuated Quadruped Robot

Abstract.Quadruped not only possess excellent kinetic speed and stability but also can adapt to various complex terrains, with the result that hydraulically actuated quadruped bionic robots with high load and outstanding adaptability have become the research hotspot. Hydraulic system, which is regarded as the dynamic part of a hydraulic quadruped robot, has a direct effect on the kinetic capability of robots. Based on dog’s structure bionics, hydraulically actuated quadruped robot was designed. In accordance with distribution modes of hydraulic cylinders which drive robot’s kinetic joints, a hydraulic oil-line system of the robot was designed in this paper. Combining the maximum design kinetic velocity, trotting movement pattern within foot’s work space was planned. Velocity curve of each joint’s hydraulic cylinder was obtained through simulation analysis of dynamic analysis software. According to the structure of asymmetrical hydraulic cylinder, minimum flux which the oil hydraulic pump theoretically requires at the robot’s maximum kinetic speed was calculated. With practical experience, the oilsource parameter which could meet the demands of hydraulic quadruped robot were determined.