Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic Value(s) of Restoring Environmental Flows: Systematic Review and Guidance for Assessment

The preservation of instream flows entails multiple benefits not only for river ecosystems but also for human well‐being. Benefits of marketed goods and services provided by water withdrawals such as irrigation, water supply and hydropower production are well‐known. Others, such as recreational, aesthetic, cultural and existence values of a well‐preserved river flows are less studied. There is an increasing interest of policy makers to understand the benefits of costly river ecosystem restoration measures. Moreover, disregarding such benefits may turn into inter‐stakeholder conflicts.
Environmental law of Bangladesh

Bangladesh is a South Asian developing country. The country is one of the most densely populated countries in the world with 147,570 sq. km. of total land area and about 160 million people. Bangladesh is gifted with land, water, climate, natural and human resources. However, it lacks conservation and sustainable utilisation of these resources. Environmental pollution has become one of the major issues for the country and the environment of the country is in a state of crisis. The natural environment of the country is facing serious threats due to the rapid urbanisation, industrialisation and agricultural intensification. One of the major victims of the global climate change, the country suffers from environmental pollution of every kind. Most of the rivers of this riverine country are now polluted. Soil, water, forest and biodiversity of the country are facing serious pollution and destruction. Bangladesh follows common law tradition with some exceptions which features an adversarial legal system. The legal system initially introduced by the colonial power to plunder the natural recourses in quickest possible time is inherently unsuitable for conservation of environment. The environmental governance or administrative system suffers from the same colonial legacy and relevant departments of the government particularly those started in the colonial era mainly focus on maximising resources extraction than long-term conservation of natural resources. Environmental law of the country is also guided by common law principles supplemented by modern statutory development. With some recent exceptions environmental law of the country is still “use” oriented. International environmental law principles are yet to be fully incorporated in the environmental legal framework of the country.
The Language Attitudes of the Member of Aristocracy of Mambalan Village towards High Sasak Language

Noblemen, generally, appreciate their own language as social status in a community. However, Noblemen in Mambalan village have different attitude toward their language. This research aims at finding out the attitude of noblemen in Mambalan village towards their own language. It implements qualitative methods to explain the results of the research. Data are collected via questionnaire which are given to the selected informants; they are about 50 informants with age range between 21-50. The questionnaire is divided into two parts; the first questionnaire aims at confirming their social status and the second questionnaire relates to the language they use in daily communication. The results show that the noblemen of Mambalan village have negative attitudes toward the high Sasak language. This negative attitude induces a gradual decrease in the existing values which eventually influence the pride of the member of the aristocracy of Mambalan village to use high Sasak language. A predominant example of this decreasing value is apparent in their preference for utilization of Bahasa Indonesia and low Sasak language rather than the use of high Sasak language. They regard Bahasa Indonesia and low Sasak language to be more prestigious than high Sasak language and consider it as the appropriate tool of communication in their daily interaction and social communication.
A vegetation-landform classification of forest sites within the upper constal plain of Southern California

JONES, S. M. , D. H. VAN LEAR, AND S. K. Cox (Dept. For., Clemson Univ., Clemson, SC 29631). A vegetation-landform classification of forest sites within the upper Coastal Plain of South Carolina. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 111: 349-360. 1984. -Forest community types were identified and described on the 78,000 ha Savannah River Plant property, located within the upper Coastal Plain of South Carolina. Stands were separated using a combination of detrended correspondence analysis and cluster analysis. Eight hardwood community types were identified along an interpreted environmental gradient correlated with changing topographic position. Soil-site conditions ranged from xeric, thick-sand uplands to flooded bottoms. Pine stands were classified into twelve community types occurring on all landforms except wet flats and swamps across the environmental gradient. Characteristic species were identified through synthesis table construction. One to several pine or shade intolerant hardwood community types and a near stable or stable hardwood community type were associated with each site. Classifying sites, site types, and identifying associated seral communities is similar to the habitat type approach as used in the western United States. The feasibility of using a habitat type approach within the eastern United States despite the absence of climax vegetation is demonstrated.
Bio-friendly long-term subcellular dynamic recording by self-supervised image enhancement microscopy

Fluorescence microscopy has become an indispensable tool for revealing the dynamic regulations of cells and organelles in high resolution noninvasively. However, stochastic noise inherently restricts the upper bonds of optical interrogation quality and exacerbates the observation fidelity in encountering joint demand of high frame rate, long-term, and low photobleaching and phototoxicity. Here, we propose DeepSeMi, a self-supervised-learning-based denoising framework capable of increasing SNR by over 12 dB across various conditions. With the introduction of newly designed eccentric blind-spot convolution filters, DeepSeMi accomplished efficacious denoising requiring no clean data as references and no compromise of spatiotemporal resolution on diverse imaging systems. The computationally 15-fold multiplied photon budget in a standard confocal microscope by DeepSeMi allows for recording organelle interactions in four colors and high-frame-rate across tens of thousands of frames, monitoring migrasomes and retractosomes over a half day, and imaging ultra-phototoxicity-sensitive Dictyostelium cells over thousands of frames, all faithfully and sample-friendly. Through comprehensive validations across various cells and species over various instruments, we prove DeepSeMi is a versatile tool for reliably and bio-friendly breaking the shot-noise limit, facilitating automated analysis of massive data about cell migrations and organelle interactions.
Efficacy of Single-Agent Chemotherapy in Endocrine Therapy-Refractory Metastatic Invasive Lobular Carcinoma

Abstract Background Hormone receptor (HR)-positive, HER2-negative metastatic invasive lobular breast cancer (mILC) is distinct from invasive ductal cancer (IDC) in clinicopathologic and molecular characteristics, impacting its response to systemic therapy. While endocrine therapy (ET) combined with targeted therapies has shown efficacy in ET-sensitive mILC, data on chemotherapy in ET-refractory mILC remain limited. We investigated the efficacy of single-agent capecitabine (CAP) versus taxanes (TAX) in ET-refractory HR+ HER2-negative patients with mILC. Materials and Methods Using data from the MD Anderson prospectively collected breast cancer database, we identified patients with HR+ HER2-negative mILC who received prior ET and first-time chemotherapy in the metastatic setting. We compared outcomes between 173 CAP-treated and 96 TAX-treated patients. Results CAP-treated patients had significantly better median progression-free survival (PFS) than TAX-treated patients (8.8 vs 5.0 months, HR 0.63, P < .001). Overall survival (OS) did not differ significantly between the groups (42.7 vs 36.6 months for CAP vs TAX, respectively, HR 0.84, P = .241). Multivariate analyses for PFS and OS revealed better outcomes in subjects with fewer metastatic sites and those exposed to more lines of ET. Additionally, Black patients showed worse OS outcomes compared to White patients (HR 2.46; P = .001). Conclusion In ET-refractory HR+ HER2-negative mILC, single-agent CAP demonstrated superior PFS compared to TAX. Our findings highlight the potential benefit of CAP in this patient subset, warranting further investigation through prospective trials.
Individual differences and creative ideation: neuromodulatory signatures of mindset and response inhibition

This study addresses the modulatory role of individual mindset in explaining the relationship between response inhibition (RI) and divergent thinking (DT) using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Forty undergraduate students (22 male and 18 female), aged between 18 and 23 years (average age = 19 years, SD = 1.48), were recruited. Participants received either anodal tDCS of the right IFG coupled with cathodal tDCS of the left IFG (R + L−; N = 19) or the opposite coupling (R−L+; N = 21). We tested DT performance using the alternative uses task (AUT), measuring participants’ fluency, originality, and flexibility in the response production, as well as participants’ mindsets. Furthermore, we applied a go-no-go task to examine the role of RI before and after stimulating the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) using tDCS. The results showed that the mindset levels acted as moderators on stimulation conditions and enhanced RI on AUT fluency and flexibility but not originality. Intriguingly, growth mindsets have opposite moderating effects on the change in DT, resulting from the tDCS stimulation of the left and the right IFG, with reduced fluency but enhanced flexibility. Our findings imply that understanding neural modulatory signatures of ideational processes with tDCS strongly benefits from evaluating cognitive status and control functions.
Data report: reoriented structures in the east Pacific Rise basaltic crust from ODP Hole 1256D, Leg 206: integration of core measurements and electrical-acoustic images

Brittle structures (open fractures and veins) from basaltic oceanic crust drilled at Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1256 (Guatemala Basin, Pacific Ocean) during Leg 206 were reoriented to the geographic coordinates by (1) correlating structures observed on the core with unoriented images of the exterior of the core and (2) correlating core structures and unoriented images with oriented borehole images. The images of the exterior of the core were obtained by scanning wholecore pieces with the Deutsche Montan Technologie Digital Color CoreScan system. In the unrolled core images, nonhorizontal planar structures (e.g., veins, faults, or fractures) produce sinusoidal-shaped curves. These can be matched to similar-shaped features imaged along the borehole wall. The borehole images were obtained by the Formation MicroScanner (FMS)-sonic (Dipole Sonic Imager) tool string and the Ultrasonic Borehole Imager (UBI). The FMS provides high-resolution electrical resistivity–based images of borehole walls. FMS images are oriented to magnetic north using the General Purpose Inclinometer Tool. This allows the dip and azimuth of geological features intersecting the hole to be measured from the processed FMS image. The UBI features a high-resolution transducer that provides acoustic images of the 1Tartarotti, P., Crispini, L. , Einaudi, F. , and Campari, E. , 2006. Data report: reoriented structures in the East Pacific Rise basaltic crust from ODP Hole 1256D, Leg 206: integration of core measurements and electrical-acoustic images. In Teagle, D.A. H. , Wilson, D.S. , Acton, G.D. , and Vanko, D.A. (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 206: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 1–26. doi:10.2973/ odp.proc.sr.206. 004.2006 2Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Universita di Milano, via Mangiagalli 34, 20133 Milano, Italy. Correspondence author: paola.tartarotti@unimi.it 3DIPTERIS, Dipartimento per lo Studio del Territorio e delle sue Risorse Universita’ di Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy. 4Laboratoire de Geophysique et Hydrodynamique en Forage, Universite de Montpellier II, ODP/ Naturalia et Biologia (NEB) ISTEEM, cc56, 34095 Montpellier, France. Initial receipt: 30 April 2005 Acceptance: 22 December 2005 Web publication: 20 November 2006 Ms 206SR-004 P. TARTAROTTI ET AL. DATA REPORT: REORIENTED STRUCTURES IN THE EAST PACIFIC RISE 2 borehole wall. The UBI was used in hard rocks for the first time in the history of the ODP during Leg 206.
Analysis and Evaluation of Data - Duplication Reduction Using Graph Mining

Abstract: To carry out operations many of the industries depend on the accuracy of databases. Independent expansion of substructure leads to the generation of duplicates. Eliminating these duplicates not only incurs generation and storage cost but also additional computation for its elimination. The primary aim of this project is to design techniques to reduce generating duplicate substructures using graph mining concept.Theoretical correctness of each method as well as its examination about the applicability of their combination for improvements in duplicate reduction is set up. Finally, the paper discusses the effects of the limitations with respect to the partitioning schemes used in graph mining. This survey demonstrates significant benefits of these constraints in terms of storage, computation, and communication cost across graphs with varied characteristics.
Whole task simulation in surgical training: A hybrid method of teaching undergraduate medical students

Background: The current Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME) curriculum practiced in India accentuates that medical graduates must demonstrate competency in safely diagnosing, investigating, and managing clinical presentations across both community and secondary care settings. Therefore, there is a need for more hybrid teaching methods that simulate real situations. This approach will help newly qualified doctors gain confidence and prepare them for the future. We used the whole task simulation method to teach them one of the most common surgical problems i.e., breast cancer along with communication skills, professionalism, Interprofessional teamwork, asepsis, and safe surgery practices. Methods: The study enrolled 20 final-year MBBS students through purposeful sampling. Following classroom-based teaching on a Breast case, a simulated scenario was given, based on SECO (The Safe and Effective Clinical Outcome) design, and was modified with the addition of a simulated operating room setup. History taking, examination, ordering investigations and interpreting them, pre-operative counseling and consent and operation theatre scenario was done using standardized patient and mannequins. Pre- and post-simulation survey was conducted. Quantitative data were collected through Google Forms to assess their conceptual knowledge and qualitative data by Focused group discussions. Results: Students preferred a shift to this hybrid method of learning in a simulated environment over classical classroom-based teaching. They all felt that getting involved in a real-life situation helps in understanding surgical management better. They also understood the concept of teamwork and effective communication. "I feel it’s the best way to learn clinical medicine. No amount of literature could ever replace the knowledge we get from being in the scenario", was one of the responses given by the participants. Conclusion: Integration of surgical simulated clinics along with the operation room (OR) set up into the undergraduate curriculum could facilitate the acquisition of clinical skills actively and interactively. Such a hybrid method of teaching is an effective tool for teaching communication skills, professionalism, interprofessional teamwork along clinical skills.
Generative spatial generalized dissimilarity mixed modelling (spGDMM): An enhanced approach to modelling beta diversity

Turnover, or change in the composition of species over space and time, is one of the primary ways to define beta diversity. Inferring what factors impact beta diversity is not only important for understanding biodiversity processes but also for conservation planning. At present, a popular approach to understanding the drivers of compositional turnover is through generalized dissimilarity modelling (GDM). We argue that the current GDM approach suffers several limitations and provide an alternative modelling approach that remedies these issues. We propose using generative spatial random effects models implemented in a Bayesian framework. We offer hierarchical specifications to yield full regression and spatial predictive inference, both with associated full uncertainties. The approach is illustrated by examining dissimilarity in three datasets: tree survey data from Panama's Barro Colorado Island (BCI), plant occurrence data from southwest Australia and plant abundance surveys from the Greater Cape Floristic Region (GCFR) of South Africa. We select a best model using out‐of‐sample predictive performance. We find that the form of the best model differs across the three datasets, but our models provide performance ranging from comparable to significant improvement over GDMs. Within the GCFR, the spatial random effects play a more important role in the modelling than all the environmental variables. We have proposed a model that provides several improvements to the current GDM framework. This includes advantages such as a flexible spatially varying mean function, spatial random effects that capture dependence unaccounted for by explanatory variables, and spatially heterogeneous variance structure. All these features are offered in a model that can adequately handle a large incidence of total dissimilarity through ‘one‐inflation’, as would be expected from highly biodiverse areas with steep turnover gradients.
10-Hydroxydec-2-enoic acid enhances the erythrocyte membrane fluidity via interacting with phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine

10-Hydroxydec-2-enoic acid (10-HDA), the unique substance in the natural food royal jelly, is an unsaturated hydroxyl fatty acid with the bio-activity to guard against cell or tissue damages. However, the relevant mechanisms still remain largely unknown. Here, using a mouse erythrocyte model, whether the fluidity of plasma membrane is influenced by 10-HDA was investigated. 10-HDA was shown to enhance the erythrocyte membrane fluidity and to rescue the fluidity from •OH toxicity. In such occasions, 10-HDA promoted the dissolved O2 level in erythrocyte suspension thereof. The levels of β-actin and band 4.1 protein were not affected by 10-HDA in erythrocytes. In the framework of density functional theory, 10-HDA may interact with phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidy-lethanolamine, the major components of membrane lipid bilayer. This was evidenced by the fact that 10-HDA was detectable in erythrocytes after its addition to the erythrocyte suspension. Moreover, the fluorescent intensity of erythrocytes stained by the membrane probe DiIC18(5) increased with 10-HDA treatment. Hence, 10-HDA could regulate the erythrocyte membrane fluidity and the release of O2 from erythrocytes via targeting lipids rather than proteins. Our data cast light on the elucidation of the mechanism of 10-HDA modulating cell functionality and the utilization of 10-HDA in remedying the erythrocyte membrane fluidity-associated symptoms.
Post-mortem ultrasonographic and computed tomographic features of the anatomical variations and acquired pathological bony changes of the lumbosacroiliac region in a mixed population of horses.

BACKGROUND Transrectal ultrasonography is the best technique for evaluating the ventral aspect of the lumbosacral and sacroiliac regions yet this diagnostic technique does not always lead to a final diagnosis of back pain in horses. OBJECTIVES To describe anatomical variations and acquired pathological bony changes (APBCs) in the lumbosacral and sacroiliac regions detected by ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT) examinations on specimens. We hypothesised that age, body mass, previous use and anatomical variations may be correlated with the presence and/or severity of APBCs. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive cadaver study. METHODS Lumbosacroiliac specimens were obtained from 51 horses that died or were euthanised for reasons other than the study and underwent US and CT examinations post-mortem. RESULTS Forty-two specimens were analysed. The most prevalent lumbosacral disc morphology was type 2 (21/42), and protrusions were found in 15/42 specimens. Abnormal echogenicity of the L5-L6 and lumbosacral discs was detected in 11/42 and 30/42 specimens, respectively. Abnormalities in the size of the L5-L6 disc were found in 10/42 specimens and correlated with promontorium localisation (Cramér's V coefficient [V] = 0.42) and lumbosacral disc morphology (type 1: V = 0.41; type 5: V = 0.69). The most prevalent orientation of the L6 spinous process (SP) was convergent (24/42). The promontoria were mostly located between L6 and S1 (36/42). Lumbosacral spondylosis was detected in 24/42 specimens and spondylolisthesis in one. Age was associated with the severity of APBCs in the sacroiliac joints, lumbosacral intertransverse joints, articular process joints, spondylosis and L6 or S1 bone plate irregularities. Lumbosacral spondylosis or L6 extremitas caudalis irregularity was associated with lumbosacral angulation, variability in the size of the L5-L6 disc and localisation of the promontorium, L6 SP orientation and L6 extremitas caudalis irregularity with abnormal echogenicity of the LS disc. MAIN LIMITATIONS Lack of information on clinical signs. CONCLUSIONS High variability and prevalence of the anatomical variations and APBCs in the lumbosacroiliac region were observed, and correlations between some anatomical variations and APBCs and between APBCs and age were reported.
Tailoring Multiferroic Characteristics in LaFeO3 Nanocrystals via Rare-Earth Pr3+ Doping

Multiferroic materials have sparked significant interest in the realm of materials science because of their potential impact on various device applications. This study focuses on the synthesis of nanocrystalline La1−xPrxFeO3 (LPFO) materials, where x can be either 0 or 0.5, using a solid-state technique. The aim is to gain insights into their structural, optical, dielectric, and magnetic properties. To confirm the chemical phase of the synthesized materials, X-ray diffractometer and Raman spectroscopy were employed. The outcome of the Rietveld analysis reveals that the LPFO crystallites exhibit orthorhombic symmetry with a Pbnm space group. The functional groups that were present in the LPFO samples were identified using FT-IR spectroscopic analysis. The morphological studies using scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope indicate that the synthesized samples exhibit excellent homogeneity with uniformly distributed grains. In order to investigate the dielectric constant (εʹ) and dielectric loss (tan δ) were examined as functions of temperature and frequency. Pr3+ dopants had a notable impact on the dielectric characteristics, particularly within the frequency span of 10 kHz–1 MHz and over the temperature variation of 40–160°C. The ambient temperature magnetic properties of the LPFO ferrite materials displayed antiferromagnetic behavior. Ultimately, this research reveals insightful information on the structural, optical, dielectric, and magnetic properties of the synthesized nanocrystalline LPFO materials, shedding light on their potential applications in the multifunctional devices.