Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extraction and Emulsification of Carotenoids from Carrot Pomaces Using Oleic Acid

This study aimed to use oleic acid-based ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) to recover carotenoids from carrot pomace and emulsify the enriched-carotenoid oleic acid using spontaneous and ultrasonic-assisted emulsification. The extraction performance of oleic acid was compared with traditional organic solvents, including hexane, acetone, and ethyl acetate. The one-factor experiments were employed to examine the impact of UAE conditions, including liquid-to-solid ratios, temperature, ultrasonic power, and time, on the extraction yield of carotenoids and to find the conditional ranges for the optimization process. The response surface methodology was employed to optimize the UAE process. The second-order extraction kinetic model was used to find the mechanism of oleic acid-based UAE. After that, the enriched-carotenoid oleic acid obtained at the optimal conditions of UAE was used to fabricate nanoemulsions using spontaneous emulsification (SE), ultrasonic-assisted emulsification (UE), and SE-UE. The effect of SE and UE conditions on the turbidity of nanoemulsion was determined. Then, the physiochemical attributes of the nanoemulsion from SE, UE, and spontaneous ultrasonic-assisted emulsification (SE-UE) were determined using the dynamic light scattering method. The extraction yield of carotenoids from carrot pomace by using sonication was the highest. The adjusted optimal conditions were 39 mL/g of LSR, 50 °C, 12.5 min, and 350 W of ultrasonic power. Under optimal conditions, the carotenoid content attained was approximately 163.43 ± 1.83 μg/g, with the anticipated value (166 μg/g). The particle sizes of nanoemulsion fabricated at the proper conditions of SE, UE, and SE-UE were 31.2 ± 0.83, 33.8 ± 0.52, and 109.7 ± 8.24 nm, respectively. The results showed that SE and UE are suitable methods for fabricating nanoemulsions. The research provided a green approach for extracting and emulsifying carotenoids from carrot pomace.
Electronic structure study of clusters containing triiron metal atoms: QTAIM Approach

The bridging Fe-S-Fe, bridging Fe-CO-Fe, and terminal Fe-CO bonds of mono-chalcogenide triiron carbonyl cluster [Fe 3 (CO) 7 (µ 3 -CO)(µ 3 -S)(µ-dppm)][dppm; diphosphine bis(diphenylphosphino)methane] were characterized utilizing the quantum theory of atoms in a molecule (QTAIM) topological analysis. To our knowledge, there are a few studies investigating Fe–Fe and Fe–S bonds using QTAIM topological analysis. Analysis of the Fe1-s1-Fe2-C3-Fe3 moiety, which is the core of the bridged cluster, showed that there is no bonding pathway between the bonding critical point and the Fe atoms. The parameters electron density ρ(r) and its Laplacian ∇ 2ρ(r) calculated for Fe-s and Fe-C showed a pronounced pure σ-bonding of this interaction.
Segmented-Region Based Stereo Reconstruction

This paper describes a segmented-region based stereo reconstruction of planar-surface objects. Since there are a great number of matching-points in edge based stereo while there are a much smaller number of matching-regions in segmented-region based stereo, matching can be achieved much easilier in segmented-region based stereo than in edge based stereo. Images are first segmented on reduced images. Boundaries of segmented regions are refined on the original images. Similarity of two regions in both images determines match of regions. A set of points is selected from both matched regions to obtain an equation of a plane in 3-D space. The projected region on the plane is a surface of an object in 3-D space. A demonstration is achieved on images of our laboratory indoor scene.
Drawdown in a Well Group Along a Straight Line

Procedures are developed and charts are presented to determine the unsteady drawdown in a group of wells which are located along a straight line and fully penetrate a homogeneous, isotropic, artesian aquifer. Based on the linearity of the governing field equation, the principle of superposition is used to combine the effects of individual wells, and solutions are obtained by using a digital computer to evaluate an exponential integral. The concepts of equivalent radius, coefficient of interference, and degree of uniformity are introduced, and quantitative graphical relationships are given as functions of the independent variables, which are the number of wells, well spacing, and time.
Plane-wave least-squares reverse-time migration

ABSTRACTA plane-wave least-squares reverse-time migration (LSRTM) is formulated with a new parameterization, where the migration image of each shot gather is updated separately and an ensemble of prestack images is produced along with common image gathers. The merits of plane-wave prestack LSRTM are the following: (1) plane-wave prestack LSRTM can sometimes offer stable convergence even when the migration velocity has bulk errors of up to 5%; (2) to significantly reduce computation cost, linear phase-shift encoding is applied to hundreds of shot gathers to produce dozens of plane waves. Unlike phase-shift encoding with random time shifts applied to each shot gather, plane-wave encoding can be effectively applied to data with a marine streamer geometry. (3) Plane-wave prestack LSRTM can provide higher-quality images than standard reverse-time migration. Numerical tests on the Marmousi2 model and a marine field data set are performed to illustrate the benefits of plane-wave LSRTM. Empirical results show tha.
Model for estimating surface roughness of level and ridged sea ice using ERS-1 SAR

A comparison between backscatter models and measurements show that ERS-1 SAR backscatter from Baltic sea ice is highly dependent on the surface roughness of both level and ridged ice. A theoretical backscatter model for level ice and an empirical model for deformed ice are combined to cover the total range of roughness scales present. The inverse model may be used to estimate the ice surface roughness from ERS-1 SAR images during dry snow conditions. The deviation between the model estimate and the measured ice surface RMS height is approximately /spl plusmn/50%. <<ETX>>
Integrated system approach at GIST/ADEMRC for monitoring atmospheric environment

An integrated system approach has been adopted at the Advanced Environment Monitoring Research Center (ADEMRC), Kwangju Institute Science and Technology (KJIST), Korea for the effective monitoring of atmospheric environment utilizing various optical remote sensing methods. A multi-channel LIDAR system has been used since December 2002 to monitor the vertical profile of atmospheric aerosol. Vertical profiles of extinction coefficient, depolarization ratio, and color ratio of atmospheric aerosols are determined from the simultaneous detection of three elastic-backscatter signals and one Raman signal backscattered by atmospheric nitrogen molecules. Ground based sunphotometer measurement provides LIDAR validation and information on the column integrated aerosol optical depth at seven different wavelengths. Optical atmospheric environment monitoring over horizontal path is also made with a Long-path DOAS system and a transmissometer. The GIST long-path DOAS system has been used to measure concentration of trace gases as well as atmospheric extinction at 550 nm. Results of aerosol optical depth determination based on satellite data retrieval are compared with the results of LIDAR and sunphotometer measurements. This paper presents the results of integrated measurements of atmospheric aerosol at Gwangju (35°10`N, 126°53`E), Korea.
The Mass and Angular Momentum Balance of the Zonally-Averaged Global Circulation.

Abstract : In this paper diagnostics of the zonally-averaged global circulation in both isobaric and isentropic coordinates are presented. Although diagnostics for the entire FGGE year have been computed, only the results for January, April, July and October will be shown. The discussion focuses primarily on January or the Northern Hemisphere winter circulation. After a brief discussion of the data processing procedures the isobaric and isentroptic mass circulations are compared. The meridional distribution of zonally-averaged diabatic heating is calculated indirectly from the isentropic meridional mass circulation. In the final portion of the results diagnostics of relative angular momentum transport in isobaric and isentropic coordinates are contrasted and the forcing of mean meridional circulations is briefly discussed. (Author)
Amplitude and timing of temperature and salinity variability in the subpolar North Atlantic over the past 10 k.y.

Paired planktic foraminiferal δ 18 O and Mg/Ca data reveal trends of increasing temperatures (~3 °C) and salinities in the subpolar North Atlantic over the course of the Holocene, which were punctuated by abrupt events. The trends likely refl ect an insolation-forced northward retreat of the boundary between polar and North Atlantic subsurface waters. The superimposed variability does not appear to be periodic, but tends to recur within a broad millennial band. The records provide convincing evidence of open-ocean cooling (nearly 2 °C) and freshening during the 8.2 ka event, and suggest similar conditions at 9.3 ka. However, the two largest temperature oscillations in our record (~2 °C) occurred during the past 4 k.y. , suggesting a recent increase in temperature variability relative to the mid-Holocene, perhaps in response to neoglaciation, which began at about this time.
The Role of Biofilms in Contact Lens Associated Fungal Keratitis

Biofilm formation is an important microbial strategy for fungal pathogens, such as Fusarium, Aspergillus, and Candida, to establish keratitis in patients wearing soft contact lenses. Despite the well-documented 2006 outbreak of Fusarium keratitis that eventually led to the withdrawal of the Bausch & Lomb multipurpose lens care solution ReNu with MoistureLoc (“MoistureLoc”) from the global market, contact lens care systems and solutions currently available on the market do not specifically target fungal biofilms. This is partially due to the lack of recognition and understanding of important roles that fungal biofilms play in contact lens associated fungal keratitis (CLAFK). This review aims to reemphasize the link between fungal biofilms and CLAFK, and deepen our comprehension of its importance in pathogenesis and persistence of this medical device-related infection.
Examining the effectiveness of gamification as a tool promoting teaching and learning in educational settings: a meta-analysis

The integration of gamification into educational settings has gained recognition for its potential to boost student motivation, engagement, interest, and learning outcomes. Despite its popularity, research on gamification has produced mixed results regarding student learning outcomes. This meta-analysis aims to synthesize the existing empirical evidence on the effectiveness of gamification as a tool for promoting teaching and learning in educational settings. Forty-one studies with 49 independent samples involving more than 5,071 participants were included in our analysis. Results from random effects models showed an overall significant large effect size (g = 0.822 [0.567 to 1.078]). The research performed the moderator analysis to scrutinize the effects of a number of factors on the relationship between gamification and student learning outcomes. The study uncovered significant moderating effects for user type, educational discipline, design principles for educational gamification, duration of “gameful” experience, and learning environment. However, measurement of student outcomes and publication type did not appear to have any significant moderating effect. Those findings hold important implications for improving and implementing gamification to promote teaching and learning in future research.
O CONTROLE ESTRUTURAL NO AQÜÍFERO BARREIRAS - ÁREA

The regional structuring, outlined by the overall preferential directions NW, NE and W-W, revealed as exerting strong influence on a diverse array of aspects of the Barreiras Aquifer context. These influences were attested by several aspects, based on the analysis of geological, hydrogeological and geo-electrical data, notably on the aquifer geometry, as witnessed by sudden variations of saturated thicknesses caused by faulting. Quantitative configuration of major transmissivities, resulting from local increase of these saturated thicknesses, was evidenced through statistical correlations carried out between exploitation flows and saturated thicknesses or extensions of filtering sections, where correlation coefficients up to 0.79 were obtained. The remaining influences of the structural framework of the Barreiras Aquifer include from a control of the underground flow to evidences on the potenciometric map, as expressed by sudden changes in spacing or inflexion of the equipotentials. In addition, quantification of permanent reserves was carried out in the area of the Pirangi River basin, taking into consideration variations in the aquifer geometry resulting from local structuring. Other aspects of regional implication were also addressed, among them the probability that some coastal line faults, particularly the distensional and transtensional ones, be associated to the formation of saltwater wedges.
Corporate Social Responsibility in Small Medium Enterprises: A Scoping Literature Review

CSR has become an important issue in business practices in various sectors, including in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). SMEs have a crucial role in the economy, due to their contribution in creating jobs, local economic growth, and poverty reduction. However, SMEs are also faced with various challenges, such as limited resources, market access, as well as limitations in the ability to participate in social initiatives so many considerations are given to implementing CSR practices. Therefore, a literature review on CSR in SMEs is needed to provide an up-to-date overview of CSR research in SMEs. The purpose of this literature is to map the study of the concept of CSR in SMEs. To get relevant articles, data collection techniques are used through the Emerald, Springer, and Google Scholar databases by emphasizing keywords according to the research topic. The results of the study show that the implementation of CSR in SMEs can be an effective strategy in improving the welfare of SMEs and surrounding communities. By strengthening SME CSR and facilitating collaboration with various related parties, SMEs can increase their competitiveness, create a wider positive impact, and contribute to sustainable development. Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Sustainability, SMEs, Scoping Review
Evidence for microbial enhanced electrical conductivity in hydrocarbon‐contaminated sediments

Bulk electrical conductivity of sediments during microbial mineralization of diesel was investigated in a mesoscale laboratory experiment consisting of biotic contaminated and uncontaminated columns. Population numbers of oil degrading microorganisms increased with a clear pattern of depth zonation within the contaminated column not observed in the uncontaminated column. Microbial community structure determined from ribosomal DNA intergenic spacer analysis showed a highly specialized microbial community in the contaminated column. The contaminated column showed temporal increases in bulk conductivity, dissolved inorganic carbon, and calcium, suggesting that the high bulk conductivity is due to enhanced mineral weathering from microbial activity. The greatest change in bulk conductivity occurred in sediments above the water table saturated with diesel. Variations in electrical conductivity magnitude and microbial populations and their depth distribution in the contaminated column are similar to field observations. The results of this study suggest that geophysical methodologies may potentially be used to investigate microbial activity.
On minimum relative entropy concepts and prior compatibility issues in vadose zone inverse and forward modeling

A comprehensive stochastic approach for forward modeling of the state variables in the vadose zone as well as for inverse modeling of the hydraulic parameters is proposed and applied to a field site in Napa Valley, California. The approach combines the Richards equation and the van Genuchten–Mualem soil models, with initial and boundary conditions provided by geophysical and meteorological measurements, into a Bayesian formalism, which allows integration between different complementary information sources. A major challenge in such studies is the integration between different types of data, of different quality and resolution, and with prior information. Accurate modeling of prior information is challenging because of the need to avoid subjective judgment with regard to the quality of the prior information and its significance. To obtain minimally subjective prior probabilities required for the Bayesian approach, we employ the principle of minimum relative entropy (MRE). It can often be the case that information that is considered a suitable prior may, in fact, become incompatible with field observations as more observations become available. Our study considers this possibility and explores possible indications for prior incompatibility. We test our forward and inverse modeling approaches using field data. The results indicate that our approach is consistent, in the sense that as additional data are introduced, the simulated soil moisture content profile better matches the observed profile and the predictive intervals become much narrower. The narrower intervals of the soil moisture predictions indicate the reduction of uncertainties associated with the model parameters.
Observed Interannual Variability of Tropical Troposphere Relative Humidity

Abstract Relative humidity fields from the High-Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS) flown on NOAA series satellites since 1979 have been used to study the seasonal aspects of the interannual variability of relative humidity in the tropical troposphere. The El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the only statistically identifiable physical mechanism of such variability. Boreal winter (December–February) relative humidity variations during an ENSO event follow patterns of anomalous convection and large-scale upper-level circulation. During El Nino (La Nina) regions of large negative (positive) relative humidity anomalies exist at subtropical latitudes over the Pacific Ocean. These are not always balanced by increases (decreases) in humidity near the equator. NCEP– NCAR reanalysis temperatures are used to separate observed changes in relative humidity into contributions from tropospheric temperature versus the contribution from changes in water vapor content. The authors find that at subtropical lat.
A revised inception-ResNet model-based transfer learning for cross-subject decoding of fNIRS-BCI

An extended calibration procedure is required to collect sufficient data for establishing a stable and reliable subject-specific classifier before the user can use a brain-computer interface (BCI) system based on functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). In addition, individual differences can lead to low generalization performance of the subject-specific classifier cross-subject. To address the above dilemma and improve the universality of the fNIRS-BCI system, we propose a revised Inception-ResNet (rIRN) model-based transfer learning (TL) to improve the cross-subject decoding accuracy of mental tasks. The TL-rIRN is a deep transfer learning model that combines an elaborated rIRN model for fNIRS signal classification with model-based transfer learning. The fNIRS data of eight participants are collected for the purpose of distinguishing between mental arithmetic and mental singing tasks. The leave-one-subject-out cross-validation method is used to evaluate the cross-subject decoding performance of TL-rIRN. The results show that TL-rIRN improves cross-subject decoding accuracy and effectively reduces model training time, calibration time, and computational resources.
Assessment of the Jason Microwave Radiometer's Measurement of Wet Tropospheric Path Delay Using Comparisons to SSM/I and TMI

The Jason microwave radiometer (JMR) provides a crucial correction due to water vapor in the troposphere, and a much smaller correction due to liquid water, to the travel time of the Jason-1 altimeter radar pulse. An error of any size in the radiometer's measurement of wet path delay translates as an error of equal size in the measurement of sea surface height, the ultimate quantity that the altimetric system should yield. The estimate of globally-averaged sea surface height change associated with climate change, requires that uncertainties in the trends in such a global average be accurate to much better than the signal of 1–2 mm/yr. We first compare the JMR observations to those from the TOPEX/Poseidon radiometer (TMR) over approximately six months, since the intent of Jason is to continue the 10-year time series of precision ocean surface topography initiated by T/P. We then assess the stability of the JMR measurement by comparing its wet path delay to those of other orbiting radiometers over 22 months, specifically the Special Sensor Microwave Imager aboard the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP-SSM/I) series of satellites, and the Tropical Rainfall Mapping Mission's Microwave Imager (TMI), as well as the European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasting's (ECMWF) atmospheric numerical model estimate of water vapor. From the combined set, we obtain a robust assessment of the stability of JMR measurements. We find, that JMR is in remarkable agreement with TMR, only 2.5 mm longer, and 6–7 mm standard deviation on their difference in 0.5 degree averages; that JMR has experienced a globally-averaged step-function change, yielding an apparent shortening in wet path delay estimates of 4–5 mm around October 2002 (Jason cycles 28–32); that this step-function is visible only in the 23.8 GHz channel; and that the 34 GHz channel appears to drift at a rate of −0.4K/year. In addition, we find that, while in 2002 there was no evidence of sensitivity to the Jason satellite's attitude (a correlation of the wet path delay with yaw state), in 2003 there are strong (2–3 mm, up to 7 mm globally averaged) changes associated with such yaw state. These JMR issues were all found in the first 22 months of Jason's geophysical data records (GDR) data, and thus they apply to any investigations that use such data without further corrections.
Refractive index-based microparticle differentiation by light scattering imaging

Light scattering imaging is a promising label-free technique for its sensitivity to the size and structure of both homogeneous and heterogeneous samples. This study explores the refractive index sensitivity of light scattering imaging to differentiate polystyrene and silica microparticles. Here, we use a light scattering imaging system to get the side scattering images of single microparticles. The obtained images are in good agreement with Mie theory simulation results. We demonstrate that light scattering could provide a high-sensitive image with a 0.2 difference in the refractive index within a small angular range (79º - 101º). This sensitivity is further validated by analyzing image datasets of polystyrene and silica microparticles based on the scattered far-field components at a positive defocusing distance. Our findings reveal that the ratio between the intensity and prominence of the side lobes is a potential marker for refractive index differences of the microparticles. There is a significant difference between each of the two types of polystyrene (3.87 μm and 4.19 μm, mean diameters) and the silica microparticles (3.93 μm, mean diameter) in the scattered field properties. This capability of light scattering imaging for refractive index differentiation could provide insights into the internal structure of heterogeneous samples, such as label-free single cells.