Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
South Korea’s Medical Tourism Competitiveness and Future Strategy: Focused on Cancer Treatment: A Review

Background: Medical tourism is a leading industry of South Korea. Since the transition from the latest health pandemic to endemic, foreign patients have been on a rapid increase. The Korean government regards medical tourism as a major national industry and pursues medical, legal, and policy strategies with the goal of attracting 700,000 foreign patients by 2027. Methods: Examining objective data and statistics as well as academic articles, we investigated the strengths and advantages, which might persuade foreign medical tourists to visit South Korea by performing a comparative analysis with high-income or medically advanced countries among Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and other competing Asian countries. Results: Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world. Compared with other advanced countries and Asian competitors in cancer treatment, South Korea shows excellent result of major cancers treatments, accessibility to hospitals and medical professionals, and competitiveness in terms of surgery and treatment costs. Conclusion: South Korea has excellent competitiveness both in price and in cancer treatment with the outstanding results of cancer mortality rates and 5-year survival rates. The achievement of Korea’s cancer treatments is due to accurate diagnosis with the advantage of PET-CT, 64-sllice CT, 3.0 TESLA MRI, etc., and the use of cutting-edge equipment, such as CyberKnife and Da Vince robotic surgery. Besides, the Korean central and local governments actively support for the promotion of Korea’s medical tourism industry, such as issuance of visas for foreigners, the hospital certification system, and medical tourism convergence cluster project.
Influence of temperature on power factor and operating area of SynRM machine in automotive equipment

Across various applications, electrical machines are intensely replacing conventional hydraulic and pneumatic actuators in applications with a higher degree of complexity. In our previous study, a SynRM machine with a segmented rotor was designed to operate as a clutch actuator, to be placed in the gear housing which suffers from a high ambient temperature. This makes it necessary to predict the considerable potential influence of temperatures. This study evaluates the influence of winding resistance variation due to temperature on the machine power factor and its operating area. The evaluation is done for the condition of the automotive battery supply of 14 V, 50 A. An experimentally validated analytical model based on the SynRM machine phasor diagram was used to assess the torque-speed area and power factor variation. The main contribution is presented in the form of a tool represented as an abacus that allows the user of the machine to track the power factor and maximum speed for a range of winding resistance values. On a selected operating point of (Γ, N) = (0.57 N.m, 3500 rpm), it is demonstrated that the winding resistance should be reduced below 0.2 Ω, to be able to achieve the targeted speed, while the power factor is at 0.9.
Non-Invasive Assessment of Abdominal/Diaphragmatic and Thoracic/Intercostal Spontaneous Breathing Contributions

(1) Background: Technically, a simple, inexpensive, and non-invasive method of ascertaining volume changes in thoracic and abdominal cavities are required to expedite the development and validation of pulmonary mechanics models. Clinically, this measure enables the real-time monitoring of muscular recruitment patterns and breathing effort. Thus, it has the potential, for example, to help differentiate between respiratory disease and dysfunctional breathing, which otherwise can present with similar symptoms such as breath rate. Current automatic methods of measuring chest expansion are invasive, intrusive, and/or difficult to conduct in conjunction with pulmonary function testing (spontaneous breathing pressure and flow measurements). (2) Methods: A tape measure and rotary encoder band system developed by the authors was used to directly measure changes in thoracic and abdominal circumferences without the calibration required for analogous strain-gauge-based or image processing solutions. (3) Results: Using scaling factors from the literature allowed for the conversion of thoracic and abdominal motion to lung volume, combining motion measurements correlated to flow-based measured tidal volume (normalised by subject weight) with R2 = 0.79 in data from 29 healthy adult subjects during panting, normal, and deep breathing at 0 cmH2O (ZEEP), 4 cmH2O, and 8 cmH2O PEEP (positive end-expiratory pressure). However, the correlation for individual subjects is substantially higher, indicating size and other physiological differences should be accounted for in scaling. The pattern of abdominal and chest expansion was captured, allowing for the analysis of muscular recruitment patterns over different breathing modes and the differentiation of active and passive modes. (4) Conclusions: The method and measuring device(s) enable the validation of patient-specific lung mechanics models and accurately elucidate diaphragmatic-driven volume changes due to intercostal/chest-wall muscular recruitment and elastic recoil.
Matching pursuit for imaging high contrast conductivity

We show that imaging an isotropic, high contrast conducting medium is asymptotically equivalent to the identi cation of a unique resistor network, given measurements of currents and voltages at the boundary. We show that a matching pursuit approach can be used e ectively towards the numerical solution of the high contrast imaging problem, if the library of functions is constructed carefully and in accordance with the asymptotic theory. We also show how other libraries of functions that at rst glance seem reasonable, in fact, do not work well. When the contrast in the conductivity is not so high, we show that wavelets can be used, especially nonorthogonal wavelet libraries. However, the library of functions that is based on the high contrast asymptotic theory is more robust, even for intermediate contrasts, and especially so in the presence of noise.
Brewery effluents - waste or raw material?

S obzirom da od svih nusproizvoda iz pivovare, daleko najveci udio cini otpadna voda (procjenjuje se da se proizvede cak i do 7 litara otpadne vode po litri gotovog piva), razumljivo je da se ulažu veliki napori prvenstveno da se ta kolicina smanji, a onda i da se na razlicite nacine i u razlicite svrhe proizvedena kolicina iskoristi. Radi strožih zakonskih regulativa i sve vece svijesti za ekologiju, u danasnje vrijeme sve velike pivovare imaju sustave za obradu otpadnih voda koji su najcesce kombinacija aerobnog i anaerobnog nacina. Tako, osim sto uvelike smanjuju negativan utjecaj otpadnih voda na okolis, pivovare dobivaju metan kojeg koriste kao pogonsko gorivo u kotlovima za paru cime si dodatno smanjuju troskove. Buduci da je to jos uvijek prilicno skupa tehnologija, zbog neisplativosti male pivovare u najvecem broju slucajeva nemaju takve sisteme i svoju otpadnu vodu ispustaju u kanalizaciju bez ikakve obrade. Stoga je potrebno posvetiti pažnju drugim i alternativnim nacinima koristenja i zbrinjavanja otpadnih voda kao sto su npr. koristenje anaerobno obrađene otpadne vode kao medij za hidroponsko uzgajanje biljaka, uzgajanje mikroalgi u otpadnoj vodi iz pivovare, uklanjanje baznih bojila uz pomoc otpada iz pivovare i sl.
WRF-4DVAR EVALUATION OF AN EXTREME EVENT OVER RIO GRANDE DO SUL

The WRF mesoscale system 4DVAR data assimilation technique have been used with the purpose of evaluating the impact of the meteorological data assimilation on the numeric time prognosis over the Rio Grande do Sul state. It has been done utilizing the surface and altitude data. The consistency analysis has been done evaluating the numerical prognosis exploring the differences between the analysis with and without data assimilation. The produced prognosis results have been compared spatially using the TRMM satellite data as well as the Cangucu radar reflectivity data. The accumulated rainfall has been validated and compared spatially with the TRMM data for the time period of 12 hours comprehended between October 29th and 30th of 2014. It was possible to realize that as well as the WRF, the WRFVAR overestimated the rainfall values. The radar reflectivity field without data assimilation for October 30th at 06:00UTC detected most accurately the reflectivity centers over the state. On the other hand this field with data assimilation did not present good skill. The temperature field analyses reveal that the 4DVAR assimilation system contributes, one way or another, presenting a little improvement for some points compared to the real data.
Central Asia, the Indo-Aryans and the Iranians: some reassessments from recent archaeological data

Reevaluation de donnees linguistiques, culturelles et archeologiques a partir de l'etude des sources ecrites (Rgveda et Avesta) et archeologiques (Steppes septentrionales, Asie centrale, culture de Geoksyur, culture de Bactriane-Margiane, cultures de Vakhsh et de Bishkent, culture des tombes de Gandhāra, et culture de Yaz I), afin de degager les principales transformations culturelles des civilisations indo-aryennes et iraniennes entre 1800 et 1300 av. J.-C.
Distribusi Spasial dan Temporal Petir di Sumatera Barat

Distribusi spasial dan temporal petir di Sumatera Barat telah diteliti dengan menggunakan data satelit Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission - Lightning Imaging Sensor (TRMM-LIS) selama 16 tahun pengamatan (1998-2013). Hubungan antara petir dan curah hujan diteliti dengan memanfaatkan data TRMM 3B43. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa petir di Sumatera Barat banyak terjadi di darat dengan densitas tertinggi terjadi pada bulan Desember, Januari dan Februari (DJF). Petir di darat banyak terjadi pada sore hari mulai jam 17.00 LST hingga tengah malam dan kabupaten Dharmasraya merupakan daerah yang memiliki densitas kilatan petir tertinggi terutama selama periode DJF. Siklus diurnal petir konsisten dengan siklus migrasi awan dari laut ke daratan Sumatera yang ditemukan oleh peneliti sebelumnya. Hubungan curah hujan dan petir di Sumatera Barat bervariasi antara satu kabupaten dengan kabupaten lainnya. Berdasarkan nilai regresi linier antara petir dan curah hujan terlihat bahwa daerah yang memiliki korelasi yang cukup kuat antara densitas petir dan curah hujannya adalah Kabupaten Solok, Solok Selatan, Padang Pariaman, dan 50 Kota sedangkan daerah yang memiliki korelasi yang rendah adalah Kepulauan Mentawai, Pesisir Selatan, dan Agam. Dengan demikian, di beberapa kabupaten petir dapat menjadi indikator untuk penentu curah hujan tetapi tidak untuk beberapa kabupaten yang lain. Kata kunci: distribusi petir, Sumatera Barat, TRMM
Empirical study on visual attention characteristics of basketball players of different levels during free-throw shooting

Background Visual attention is very important in basketball shooting, which is a prerequisite for forming good muscle proprioception and improving the shooting rate. The ability of visual instant searching information in the process of free throw plays an important role in the mobilization of free throw percentage. The aim of this study is to explore the fixation characteristics of athletes at different levels in the process of free throw shooting and to provide scientific basis for improving the free throw training of basketball players. Methods A total of 20 expert basketball players, 20 general basketball players and 20 novice basketball players participated in the experiment. Participants in the three groups wore eye tracker to make free throws, and analyzed the difference of visual attention among the three groups. Results The expert group had fewer number of fixations on the front, bottom, top-right, and top-right areas of the basket than the general and novice groups. The expert group also had smaller saccadic amplitudes than the other two groups. In terms of fixation duration, the expert group had longer fixation duration on the front and top areas of the basket than the other two groups, while in the top-right and bottom-right areas, the expert group had shorter fixation durations. The pupil dilation of the expert group was larger than that of the other two groups. Conclusion During the free throw process, the expert group had a clear attentional focus, concentrated fixation points, efficient information search, and precise processing. Profound basketball knowledge, proficient skills, and accumulated experience are the foundation of visual efficient search and precise processing during free throw attempts, and they are also the prerequisite for ensuring a high free throw shooting percentage.
Short-term outcomes of enhanced recovery after surgery protocol in robotic-assisted McKeown esophagectomy for esophageal cancer: a single-center retrospective cohort study

Background This study aimed to evaluate the short-term outcomes of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol in perioperative robotic-assisted McKeown esophagectomy (RAME) among esophageal cancer patients. Methods For this retrospective study, all patients who had undergone RAME with esophageal cancer using ERAS protocol and conventional management strategy at the surgery center of our hospital from February 2019 to March 2022 were performed for analysis. Results A total of 211 patients were included. Compared to the conventional group, the ERAS group has shorter median operative time [207 (147.5-267.5) vs. 244 (183-305), P<0.001], time to first flatus (P<0.001), time to out-of-bed activity (P=0.045), and time to liquid diet (P<0.001). In addition, the ERAS group has lower postoperative pain scores (3.62 ± 0.87 vs. 4.54 ± 0.91), shorter duration of analgesia pump [2 (1-3) vs. 3 (2.5-5.5)], shorter postoperative hospital stay [(9 (6-47) vs. 11 (6-79)], shorter postoperative hospital stay within neoadjuvant treated patients [8 (7-43) vs. 13 (8-67], shorter postoperative ICU stay [1 (0-7) vs. 2 (0-15)], and less reoperation rate (7.6% vs. 16.8%). Furthermore, the overall complication rate was significantly lower in the ERAS group (26.1%) than in the conventional group (50.4%). Notably, the ERAS group had lower thoracic fluid drainage volume than the conventional group on postoperative 2-7 days (P<0.05). Conclusions The application of ERAS protocol in esophageal cancer patients treated with RAME showed advantages of quick postoperative recovery in contrast to the conventional management strategy.
Effects of Au catalyst geometry on Ge films grown laterally on Si using the vapor–liquid–solid mechanism

A lateral epitaxial growth technique has been demonstrated to grow high-quality Ge micro-films on Si at low temperatures using the vapor–liquid–solid mechanism. These Ge films were grown within a confined structure to foster horizontal growth in the presence of Au catalyst. In this work the size and geometric shape of the Au catalyst were shown to impact the film size and morphology. In particular, a general trend was observed, as the size of Au catalyst increased the Ge film size initially increased as well until the Ge film size plateaued and eventually decreased. This phenomenon is described by a model, which is a function of Au catalyst size and GeH4 dose and can be used to estimate the final Ge film size. In general, a large-sized Au catalyst absorbs more Ge because of its large vapor–liquid interface but it also requires more Ge to saturate the liquid, and therefore this fact results in a peak in the plot of the Ge film size versus the Au size. In addition, a large GeH4 dose due to more absorption of GeH4 leads to multiple nucleation sites in a small Au catalyst, while a micro-crucible with a larger Au volume or reduced vapor–liquid interface can help to realize single nucleation. These results helped in designing two-opening Au catalysts with asymmetric sides, which preferentially nucleates a large crystal near the wider side.
Activation of Immune and Antiviral Effects by Euglena Extracts: A Review

Influenza is an acute respiratory illness caused by influenza virus infection, which is managed using vaccines and antiviral drugs. Recently, the antiviral effects of plants and foods have gained attention. Euglena is a motile unicellular alga and eukaryotic photosynthetic microorganism. It has secondary chloroplasts and is a mixotroph able to feed by photosynthesis or phagocytosis. This review summarizes the influenza treatment effects of Euglena from the perspective of a functional food that is attracting attention. While it has been reported that Euglena contributes to suppressing blood sugar levels and ameliorates symptoms caused by stress by acting on the autonomic nervous system, the immunostimulatory and antiviral activities of Euglena have also been reported. In this review, I focused on the immunostimulation of antiviral activity via the intestinal environment and the suppression of viral replication in infected cells. The functions of specific components of Euglena, which also serves as the source of a wide range of nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids, and β-1,3-glucan (paramylon), are also reviewed. Euglena has animal and plant properties and natural compounds with a wide range of functions, providing crucial information for improved antiviral strategies.
The Effect of Low Temperature on Laying Performance and Physiological Stress Responses in Laying Hens

Simple Summary Cold stress is considered an environmental stress and is an important managemental factor in regions where winter temperatures drop below 18 °C. Although a low temperature lowered the productive performance of laying hens, there are still unanswered questions as to the physiological changes that occur when they are exposed to low temperature, especially changes in antioxidants and stress indicators, which prompted us to set up the current study. Laying hens reared at low temperature (12 ± 4.5 °C) showed impaired laying performance compared with laying hens reared at normal temperature (24 ± 3 °C). However, eggshell color was intensified in laying hens exposed to low temperature. During the early stage of exposure to low-temperature stress, malondialdehyde levels in the egg yolk increased in laying hens raised at low temperature vs. normal temperature. However, yolk corticosterone, an indicator of stress responses, remained unchanged. Low temperature had an impact on total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in serum increases in laying hens reared at low temperature. In essence, low temperature in laying hens altered antioxidant systems and lipid metabolism without inducing stress responses. Abstract The present study investigated the effect of low temperature on laying performance, egg quality, body temperature, yolk malondialdehyde, yolk corticosterone, and serum biochemistry in laying hens. A total of 40 laying hens (Hy-Line Brown) aged 36 weeks were housed in one of two environmental chambers kept at 12 ± 4.5 °C (low temperature) or 24 ± 3 °C (normal temperature) for 4 weeks. Low vs. normal temperature significantly increased (p < 0.05) live body weight, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio in laying hens. Skin surface temperature, but not rectal temperature, was decreased in laying hens exposed to low vs. normal temperature. Hens exposed to low temperature laid an intense eggshell color compared with those raised in a normal temperature. Malondialdehyde concentrations in yolk were increased in low-temperature-exposed laying hens compared with those at normal temperature conditions, but this effect was only noted on day 7, post the low-temperature exposure (p = 0.04). Finally, low vs. normal temperature increased the concentrations of total cholesterol and triglyceride in serum. Collectively, this study indicates that exposure to low temperature in laying hens initially disrupted antioxidant system and altered lipid metabolism in laying hens without inducing stress responses.
Advancing Language Assessment with AI and ML–Leaning into AI is Inevitable, but Can Theory Keep Up?

ABSTRACT Following the burgeoning growth of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) applications in language assessment in recent years, the meteoric rise of ChatGPT and its sweeping applications in almost every sector have left us in awe, scrambling to catch up by developing theories and best practices. This special issue features studies of recent AI and ML advances and thought pieces and attempts to unify our field with a collection of work towards a common set of tools, frameworks, and practices. In this editorial, I briefly review the five studies and four commentaries and discuss the key validity issues around the AI applications covered. To unpack complex validity issues for lay users, I propose accessible questions to ask when evaluating these applications. I stress the importance of developing best practices guiding ethical and responsible use of AI and improving users’ AI literacy skills. In light of users’ increasing access to AI tools in real-world communication, I raise the need for redefining the constructs of language tests to be in sync with what is happening in the real world. These new conceptions of language ability are expected to result in significant changes in task design, scoring, and test interpretation and use.
High Output External Biliary Drainage Leading to Acute Kidney Injury in a Patient with Malignant Obstructive Jaundice: A Rare Case Report

Most patients with malignant obstructive jaundice present to the hospital in an advanced unresectable stage. Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) and stenting are the established , safe and effective way of palliative treatment aiming prolongation and improving the quality of the life. We report a rare case of high output external biliary drainage leading to AKI and electrolyte imbalance following insertion of PTB drain. Patient was managed with hemodialysis and subsequent self- expandable metallic stent (SEMS) placement. We highlight the importance of awareness of this complication and need of further studies regarding role of biliary interventions, associated complications and management.
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Over the last few years a large number of security patterns have been proposed. However, this large number of patterns has created a problem in selecting patterns that are appropriate for different security requirements. In this paper, we present a selection approach for security patterns, which allows us to understand in depth the trade-offs involved in the patterns and the implications of a pattern to various security requirements. Moreover, our approach supports the search for a combination of security patterns that will meet given security requirements.
When Children Ask, “What Is It?” What Do They Want to Know About Artifacts?

When children ask, “What is it? ” are they seeking information about what something is called or what kind of thing it is? To find out, we gave 2-, 3-, and 4-year-olds (32 at each age) the opportunity to inquire about unfamiliar artifacts. An ambiguous question was answered with a name or with functional information, depending on the group to which the children were assigned. Children were inclined to follow up with additional questions about the object when they had been told its name, but seemed satisfied with the answer when they had been told the object's function. Moreover, children in the name condition tended to substitute questions about function for ambiguous questions over the course of the session. These results indicate that children are motivated to discover what kinds of things novel artifacts are, and that young children, like adults, conceive of artifact kinds in terms of their functions.