Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Attenuation predictions from exhaust plume models.

A missile is assumed to be about 2000 ft from the operator and traveling less than 200 fps with n = 0.5 ft/sec and/c = 2.5 Hz. Figures 7 and 8 show the state vector as it moves from an error of —4.0 ft and an error rate of —4.0 fps to —0.6 ft and 0.6 fps, respectively. The second graph takes the state vector from that point to the limit cycle. The limit cycle boundaries are predicted by Eqs. (27) and (28). Inserting the values of the parameters, the predicted error excursion is 1.25 X 10~ rad and the predicted error rate excursion is 2.5 X 10 ~ rad/sec. The values from the graph are 3.0 X 10 ~ rad error and 2.5 X 10 ~ rad/sec error rate, which agree closely.
Primary Natural Killer/T-Cell Lymphoma of the Ribs

1Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, and Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Departments of Pathology, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea 2Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, and Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Departments of Internal Medicine, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
Soft X-ray observations of two BL Lacertae objects - Markarian 421 and 501

This paper reports on the soft X-ray (0.15-2.8 keV) observations of two BL Lacertae-type objects, viz., Mrk 421 and Mrk 501. The observations were made with the low-energy detectors on the HEAO 1 satellite during the period 1977 August-1978 December. Steep, soft X-ray power-law spectra with photon index Gamma = 3 are found for both Mrk 421 and Mrk 501. The power-law models are found to give a significantly better fit than the thermal models to the observed pulse-height spectra of Mrk 421 and Mrk 501. Day-to-day soft X-ray (0.25 keV band) intensity variations are observed only in Mrk 501. No significant change is found in Gamma from both the BL Lac objects during the period of observations. However, the sum of all the X-ray observations from 1976 until 1980 can be understood in terms of two spectral components of variable intensity to account for the X-ray emission observed between 0.15 and 20 keV from Mrk 421 and Mrk 501. 24 references.
A natural invariant algebra for the Harada-Norton group

The Harada-Norton group is one of the twenty-six sporadic simple groups. It has order 273, 030, 912, 000, 000 = 214.36. 56.7. 11.19. In this paper our main objective is: Theorem 1. The Harada-Norton group acts as a group of linear automorphisms of a 133-dimensional commutative, non-associative algebra defined over F5.
Global warming is increasing the discrepancy between green (actual) and thermal (potential) seasons of temperate trees

Over the past decades, global warming has led to a lengthening of the time window during which temperatures remain favorable for carbon assimilation and tree growth, resulting in a lengthening of the green season. The extent to which forest green seasons have tracked the lengthening of this favorable period under climate warming, however, has not been quantified to date. Here, we used remote sensing data and long‐term ground observations of leaf‐out and coloration for six dominant species of European trees at 1773 sites, for a total of 6060 species–site combinations, during 1980–2016 and found that actual green season extensions (GS: 3.1 ± 0.1 day decade−1) lag four times behind extensions of the potential thermal season (TS: 12.6 ± 0.1 day decade−1). Similar but less pronounced differences were obtained using satellite‐derived vegetation phenology observations, that is, a lengthening of 4.4 ± 0.13 and 7.5 ± 0.13 day decade−1 for GS and TS, respectively. This difference was mainly driven by the larger advance in the onset of the thermal season compared to the actual advance of leaf‐out dates (spring mismatch: 7.2 ± 0.1 day decade−1), but to a less extent caused by a phenological mismatch between GS and TS in autumn (2.4 ± 0.1 day decade−1). Our results showed that forest trees do not linearly track the new thermal window extension, indicating more complex interactions between winter and spring temperatures and photoperiod and a justification of demonstrating that using more sophisticated models that include the influence of chilling and photoperiod is needed to accurately predict spring phenological changes under warmer climate. They urge caution if such mechanisms are omitted to predict, for example, how vegetative health and growth, species distribution and crop yields will change in the future.
Positron Emission Tomography Assessments of Phosphodiesterase 10A in Patients With Schizophrenia

Abstract Background and hypothesis Phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) is a highly expressed enzyme in the basal ganglia, where cortical glutamatergic and midbrain dopaminergic inputs are integrated. Therapeutic PDE10A inhibition effects on schizophrenia have been reported previously, but the status of this molecule in the living patients with schizophrenia remains elusive. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the central PDE10A status in patients with schizophrenia and examine its relationship with psychopathology, cognition, and corticostriatal glutamate levels. Study design This study included 27 patients with schizophrenia, with 5 antipsychotic-free cases, and 27 healthy controls. Positron emission tomography with [18F]MNI-659, a specific PDE10A radioligand, was employed to quantify PDE10A availability by measuring non-displaceable binding potential (BPND) of the ligand in the limbic, executive, and sensorimotor striatal functional subregions, and in the pallidum. BPND estimates were compared between patients and controls while controlling for age and gender. BPND correlations were examined with behavioral and clinical measures, along with regional glutamate levels quantified by the magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Study results Multivariate analysis of covariance demonstrated a significant main effect of diagnosis on BPND (p = .03). A posthoc test showed a trend-level higher sensorimotor striatal BPND in patients, although it did not survive multiple comparison corrections. BPND in controls in this subregion was significantly and negatively correlated with the Tower of London scores, a cognitive subtest. Striatal or dorsolateral prefrontal glutamate levels did not correlate significantly with BPND in either group. Conclusions The results suggest altered striatal PDE10A availability and associated local neural dysfunctions in patients with schizophrenia.
Fast recording of weak absorption spectra in optical cavity using tunable laser

The possibilities of new spectral technique R-ICOS are demonstrated by an example of weak absorption spectra of methane. The technique uses the combination of the intensities of laser beams transmitted through and reflected by the gas-filled resonant optical cavity. Such an approach leads to damping signal fluctuations due to mismatching of laser and cavity modes. With cavity mirrors of moderate reflectivity of 0.8–0.99, the spectra of the quality enough to measure the trace methane concentrations in atmosphere can be recorded within 320 μs. For the acquisition time of 20 s, the sensitivity to absorption is α = 2 × 10−8 cm−1 (1σ), which is 40 times better than needed for the background methane monitoring in standard atmosphere.
Effectiveness of Parent-Related Interventions on Cyberbullying Among Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Given the high prevalence of cyberbullying and its negative physical and psychological effects on the development of adolescents, numerous studies have attempted its reduction by developing anti-cyberbullying interventions. In the present study, we investigated the effectiveness of parent-related programs in reducing the frequency of cyberbullying perpetration and victimization among adolescents. A thorough search was carried out on seven electronic databases: EBSCO, ERIC, PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. Only quantitative studies that reported the effectiveness of parent-related programs in reducing the frequency of cyberbullying perpetration or victimization were included in the review. Eleven studies were finalized, and meta-analyses were performed using a random effect model on RevMan v5.4 software developed by Cochrane. Findings reveal that existing parent-related programs have very small effect sizes on cyberbullying perpetration (standardized mean differences [SMDs] = −0.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] [−0.26, −0.09]) and victimization (SMD = −0.17, 95% CI [−0.24, −0.10]). The modes of parental involvement and intervention do not moderate the program effectiveness, but those with shorter durations are more effective than longer ones in reducing the frequency of cyberbullying victimization. Furthermore, findings indicate that interventions with a theoretical foundation are more effective than those without one. This review provides evidence to improve anti-cyberbullying interventions by effectively enabling parent involvement, as well as increasing parenting skills, parent–child interactions, and communication. Given the limited effectiveness of parent-related interventions, future research is needed to identify key moderators to improve such programs or to develop school–family patterns to reduce cyberbullying.
Polygenic risk scores for cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes

Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) are a promising approach to accurately predict an individual’s risk of developing disease. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of PRSs in their population are often only reported for models that are adjusted for age and sex, which are known risk factors for the disease of interest and confound the association between the PRS and the disease. This makes comparison of PRS between studies difficult because the genetic effects cannot be disentangled from effects of age and sex (which have a high AUC without the PRS). In this study, we used data from the UK Biobank and applied the stacked clumping and thresholding method and a variation called maximum clumping and thresholding method to develop PRSs to predict coronary artery disease, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, stroke and type 2 diabetes. We created case-control training datasets in which age and sex were controlled by design. We also excluded prevalent cases to prevent biased estimation of disease risks. The maximum clumping and thresholding PRSs required many fewer single-nucleotide polymorphisms to achieve almost the same discriminatory ability as the stacked clumping and thresholding PRSs. Using the testing datasets, the AUCs for the maximum clumping and thresholding PRSs were 0.599 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.585, 0.613) for atrial fibrillation, 0.572 (95% CI: 0.560, 0.584) for coronary artery disease, 0.585 (95% CI: 0.564, 0.605) for type 2 diabetes, 0.559 (95% CI: 0.550, 0.569) for hypertension and 0.514 (95% CI: 0.494, 0.535) for stroke. By developing a PRS using a dataset in which age and sex are controlled by design, we have obtained true estimates of the discriminatory ability of the PRSs alone rather than estimates that include the effects of age and sex.
Behaviour of the length test for medium sample sizes

In this note it is shown that even for relatively large sample sites the asymptotic distribution of the smoothed length as derived in Reschenhofer and Bomse (1991) should not be used for the determination of critical values. Therefore extended tables of critical values for both the 1% and 5% levels of significance generated by simulation are presented.
The root-knot nematode effector MiMSP32 targets host 12-oxophytodienoate reductase 2 (OPR2) to regulate plant susceptibility.

To establish persistent infections in host plants, herbivorous invaders, such as root-knot nematodes, must rely on effectors for suppressing damage-induced jasmonate-dependent host defenses. However, at present, the effector mechanisms targeting the biosynthesis of biologically active jasmonates to avoid adverse host responses are unknown. Using yeast-two-hybrid, in planta co-immunoprecipitation, and mutant analyses, we identified 12-oxophytodienoate reductase 2 (OPR2) as an important host target of the stylet-secreted effector MiMSP32 of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. MiMSP32 has no informative sequence similarities with other functionally annotated genes but was selected for the discovery of novel effector mechanisms based on evidence of positive, diversifying selection. OPR2 catalyzes the conversion of a derivative of 12-oxophytodienoate to jasmonic acid (JA) and operates parallel to 12-oxophytodienoate reductase 3 (OPR3), which controls the main pathway in the biosynthesis of jasmonates. We show that MiMSP32 targets OPR2 to promote parasitism of M. incognita in host plants independent of OPR3-mediated JA biosynthesis. Artificially manipulating the conversion of the 12-oxophytodienoate by OPRs increases susceptibility to multiple unrelated plant invaders. Our study is the first to shed light on a novel effector mechanism targeting this process to regulate susceptibility of host plants.
The Practice and Potential Role of HIV Self-testing in China: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background HIV self-testing (HIVST) is recommended by the World Health Organization as a valid approach to routine HIV testing services. The scale of HIVST use has gradually been expanded in China over the past 5 years. To take a closer look at the role of HIVST in China, we reviewed the promotion and application of HIVST within China. Objective The main objective of this study was to systematically analyze the proportion of past use and actual uptake of HIVST within China. Moreover, we aimed to quantify the effect of HIVST on HIV prevention and treatment. Methods In all, 5 medical databases and 2 registration systems, including PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, WanFang, China National Knowledge Internet, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry were systematically searched for studies reporting the prevalence of HIVST use from January 1, 2010, to December 25, 2021. Meta-analyses of the pooled proportion estimates were carried out by the meta-package in R software (version 4.1.2). Statistical heterogeneity among the studies was estimated using Cochran Q test and the inconsistency index (I2). Results A total of 50 studies were included in our systematic review. The estimated pooled prevalence of HIVST use in China was 29.9% (95% CI 22.5%-37.9%). Among individuals who have ever used HIVST, 47.5% (95% CI 37.2%-57.8%) were tested for HIV for the first time. The pooled reactive rate of HIVST was 4.2% (95% CI 3.1%-5.8%). When HIVST revealed a reactive result, 81.3% (95% CI 70.9%-91.6%) of individuals sought medical care. Conclusions In recent times, HIVST has become a valuable tool for HIV prevention in China. The widespread use of HIVST in non–men who have sex with men populations needs to be endorsed and promoted. The long-term applications of HIVST and the potential consequences of self-financing of HIVST in China have yet to be explored. Trial Registration PROSPERO CRD42022304846; https://tinyurl.com/54d9pxy8
Influence of Chemical Structure on Electrical Conductionin Insulating Polymers

The electrical conductivities of polyethylene, polypropylene and related fluorinated polymers such as polytetrafluoroethylene and fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer were measured using a corona electrode. The polarity of the dominant carriers making the greatest contribution to the current changed from negative to positive as the ratio of fluorine atoms to hydrogen atoms was increased. Electronegative fluorine atoms were concluded to provide deep trap sites for negative carriers and to suppress the current due to negative carriers. The results of surface potential decays and TSC's of corona-charged specimens also supported the above conclusion.
Cerebellar Inputs in the American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis)

Crocodilians (alligators, crocodiles, and gharials) are the closet living relatives to birds and, as such, represent a key clade to understand the evolution of the avian brain. However, many aspects of crocodilian neurobiology remain unknown. In this paper, we address an important knowledge gap as there are no published studies of cerebellar connections in any crocodilian species. We used injections of retrograde tracers into the cerebellum of the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) to describe for the first time the origin of climbing and mossy fiber inputs. We found that inputs to the cerebellum in the American alligator are similar to those of other nonavian reptiles and birds. Retrograde labeled cells were found in the spinal cord, inferior olive, reticular formation, vestibular and cerebellar nuclei, as well as in nucleus ruber and surrounding tegmentum. Additionally, we found no retrogradely labeled cells in the anterior rhombencephalon which suggest that, like other nonavian reptiles, crocodilians may lack pontine nuclei. Similar to birds and other nonavian reptiles, we found inputs to the cerebellum from the pretectal nucleus lentiformis mesencephali. Additionally, we found retrogradely labeled neurons in two nuclei in the pretectum: the nucleus circularis and the interstitial nucleus of the posterior commissure. These pretectal projections have not been described in any other nonavian reptile to date, but they do resemble projections from the nucleus spiriformis medialis of birds. Our results show that many inputs to the cerebellum are highly conserved among sauropsids and that extensive pretectal inputs to the cerebellum are not exclusive to the avian brain. Finally, we suggest that the pontine nuclei of birds are an evolutionary novelty that may have evolved after the last common ancestor between birds and crocodilians, and may represent an intriguing case of convergent evolution with mammals.
Identification of natural products and FDA-approved drugs for targeting cancer stem cell (CSC) propagation

Here, we report the identification of key compounds that effectively inhibit the anchorage-independent growth and propagation of cancer stem cells (CSCs), as determined via screening using MCF7 cells, a human breast adenocarcinoma cell line. More specifically, we employed the mammosphere assay as an experimental format, which involves the generation of 3D spheroid cultures, using low-attachment plates. These positive hit compounds can be divided into 5 categories: 1) dietary supplements (quercetin and glucosamine); 2) FDA-approved drugs (carvedilol and ciprofloxacin); 3) natural products (aloe emodin, aloin, tannic acid, chlorophyllin copper salt, azelaic acid and adipic acid); 4) flavours (citral and limonene); and 5) vitamins (nicotinamide and nicotinic acid). In addition, for the compounds quercetin, glucosamine and carvedilol, we further assessed their metabolic action, using the Seahorse to conduct metabolic flux analysis. Our results indicate that these treatments can affect glycolytic flux and suppress oxidative mitochondrial metabolism (OXPHOS). Therefore, quercetin, glucosamine and carvedilol can reprogram the metabolic phenotype of breast cancer cells. Despite having diverse chemical structures, these compounds all interfere with mitochondrial metabolism. As these compounds halt CSCs propagation, ultimately, they may have therapeutic potential.
Biliopancreatic Limb Length as a Potential Key Factor in Superior Glycemic Outcomes After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND Optimal length of biliopancreatic (BP) and Roux limb in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) for improved glycemic control are not known. PURPOSE To investigate how the lengths of the BP and Roux limbs in RYGB differentially affect postoperative glycemic outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. DATA SOURCES We conducted a systematic literature search using the PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases. STUDY SELECTION We included studies that reported glycemic outcomes after RYGB and lengths of the BP and Roux limbs. DATA EXTRACTION A total of 28 articles were included for data extraction. Glycemic outcomes after RYGB were assessed on the basis of two definitions: remission and improvement. DATA SYNTHESIS We categorized the included studies into four groups according to the BP and Roux limb lengths. The type 2 diabetes remission/improvement rates were as follows: long BP-long Roux group 0.80 (95% CI 0.70-0.90)/0.81 (0.73-0.89), long BP-short Roux group 0.76 (0.66-0.87)/0.82 (0.75-0.89), short BP-long Roux group 0.57 (0.36-0.78)/0.64 (0.53-0.75), and short BP-short Roux group 0.62 (0.43-0.80)/0.53 (0.45-0.61). Meta-regression analysis also showed that a longer BP limb resulted in higher postoperative type 2 diabetes remission and improvement rates, whereas a longer Roux limb did not. There was no significant difference or heterogeneity in baseline characteristics, including diabetes-related variables, among the four groups. LIMITATIONS Not all included studies were randomized controlled trials. CONCLUSIONS Longer BP limb length led to higher rates of type 2 diabetes remission and improvement by 1 year after RYGB in comparisons with the longer Roux limb length.
Finite-size effects in the phonon density of states of nanostructured germanium: A comparative study of nanoparticles, nanocrystals, nanoglasses, and bulk phases

Finite-size effects in the phonon density of states (PDOS) of nanostructured materials (nanoparticles, nanocrystals, embedded nanoparticles, and nanoglasses) are systematically studied by means of molecular dynamics simulations, where germanium was used as representative reference material. By comparing with the PDOS of single crystalline and amorphous structures, the physical origins of additional or vanishing vibrational modes or frequency shifts were identified. Our findings are discussed in terms of phonon confinement effects, structural disorder, and surface stresses and provide a general view on the interplay of nanostructural features and lattice vibrations.
NOVA CENTAURI, ETC

style, and is printed and illustrated faultlessly. It is true that the theories advanced are mostly old ones, suggested by Schiaparelli, Pickering, and others, many of them having been elaborated by Flammarion and others; but Mr. Lowell has presented them very fully and suggestively. Scientifically, the leading faults of the book are: first, that so elaborate an argument for intelligent life on the planet, embracing a complex system of seasonal changes, should be based upon observations covering only one-fourth of only one Martian year; and second, that there should be so many evidences of apparent lack of familiarity with the literature of the subject.
Kinematical Properties of Giant Molecular Clouds and Star Forming Efficiency

We are interested in the relationship between interacting luminous galaxies and their star forming efficiency. However, because of the limitation of available data, we have studied kinematic properties of giant molecular clouds (GMCs) associated with the star-forming regions in our Galaxy. We found that the star-forming efficiency (SFE) is correlated not only with the gas density (n), but also strongly with the velocity dispersion (crv) and the mass of a GMC. We obtained a modified Schmidt's law by fitting the derived SFE to the gas density and velocity dispersion to be: SFE oc nacr^, where the indices were determined asa~ 0.03 and (3 ~ —3.3. This implies that stars are born more efficiently in a quiet cloud than in a disturbed cloud, and that the SFE is strongly dependent on the kinematical property of gas clouds.