Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seneca Valley Virus Degrades STING via PERK and ATF6-Mediated Reticulophagy

Seneca Valley Virus (SVV), a member of the Picornaviridae family, is an emerging porcine virus that can cause vesicular disease in pigs. However, the immune evasion mechanism of SVV remains unclear, as does its interaction with other pathways. STING (Stimulator of interferon genes) is typically recognized as a critical factor in innate immune responses to DNA virus infection, but its role during SVV infection remains poorly understood. In the present study, we observed that STING was degraded in SVV-infected PK-15 cells, and SVV replication in the cells was affected when STING was knockdown or overexpressed. The STING degradation observed was blocked when the SVV-induced autophagy was inhibited by using autophagy inhibitors (Chloroquine, Bafilomycin A1) or knockdown of autophagy related gene 5 (ATG5), suggesting that SVV-induced autophagy is responsible for STING degradation. Furthermore, the STING degradation was inhibited when reticulophagy regulator 1 (FAM134B), a reticulophagy related receptor, was knocked down, indicating that SVV infection induces STING degradation via reticulophagy. Further study showed that in eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3 (PERK)/activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) deficient cells, SVV infection failed to induce reticulophagy-medaited STING degradation, indicating that SVV infection caused STING degradation via PERK/ATF6-mediated reticulophagy. Notably, blocking reticulophagy effectively hindered SVV replication. Overall, our study suggested that SVV infection resulted in STING degradation via PERK and ATF6-mediated reticulophagy, which may be an immune escape strategy of SVV. This finding improves the understanding of the intricate interplay between viruses and their hosts and provides a novel strategy for the development of novel antiviral drugs.
Deformation induced by polar motion

Variations in the geocentric position of the earth's rotation axis (polar motion) cause deformation within the earth. We estimate the effects of this deformation on radial and horizontal positions of points on the earth's surface, on baseline lengths between those points, and on surface gravity. The effects of the oceans and of the earth's anelasticity on this deformation are found to be negligible. Peak-to-peak variations in radial motion are typically 10–20 mm over a year. Horizontal displacements are less than 7–8 mm. Variations in baseline length can be as large as 30–40 mm. Variations of up to 13 μGal in surface gravity are possible. These numbers are all small enough that they can probably not be used to learn about the earth. However, they are large enough to affect noticeably present high-quality geodetic observations.
CDKAL1, KCNQ1, and IGF2BP2 are identified as type 2 diabetes susceptibility genes in a regional Chinese population.

Li Hui Li Hospital, Ningbo Medical Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 57 Xing Ning Road, Ningbo, 315041, China. 2 School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China. Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China. 4 Southern Medical University, Tonghe Guanzhou, 510515, China. 5 School of Public Health, Southeast University, No.87 Dinjiaqiao, Nanjin, 210009, China. Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA. Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China. 8 Central Laboratory, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Wuhan, 430016, China.
The Wind Potential in Coastal Areas of Balochistan, Pakistan

2 Abstract: The wind energy potential in coastal areas of Balochistan, Pakistan is examined using 3-hourly wind data. The speed duration and frequency curves are represented graphically to read its extreme wind speed and total number of hours for a particular wind speed every year. Annual mean wind speed for a period of five years (1999-2003), energy and power are determined; the mean wind speed ranging 3.2 m s mentioned in Table 1. 1 The analysis of this data indicates that the wind energy potential is high in coastal areas of Balochistan, Pakistan. The high potential is used and suitable for the use of wind energy for windmills and electricity for light for scattered population.
Lessons learned from over a decade of data audits in international observational HIV cohorts in Latin America and East Africa

Abstract Introduction: Routine patient care data are increasingly used for biomedical research, but such “secondary use” data have known limitations, including their quality. When leveraging routine care data for observational research, developing audit protocols that can maximize informational return and minimize costs is paramount. Methods: For more than a decade, the Latin America and East Africa regions of the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) consortium have been auditing the observational data drawn from participating human immunodeficiency virus clinics. Since our earliest audits, where external auditors used paper forms to record audit findings from paper medical records, we have streamlined our protocols to obtain more efficient and informative audits that keep up with advancing technology while reducing travel obligations and associated costs. Results: We present five key lessons learned from conducting data audits of secondary-use data from resource-limited settings for more than 10 years and share eight recommendations for other consortia looking to implement data quality initiatives. Conclusion: After completing multiple audit cycles in both the Latin America and East Africa regions of the IeDEA consortium, we have established a rich reference for data quality in our cohorts, as well as large, audited analytical datasets that can be used to answer important clinical questions with confidence. By sharing our audit processes and how they have been adapted over time, we hope that others can develop protocols informed by our lessons learned from more than a decade of experience in these large, diverse cohorts.
The Innovative Biomaterials and Technologies for Developing Corneal Endothelium Tissue Engineering Scaffolds: A Review and Prospect

Corneal transplantation is the only treatment for corneal endothelial blindness. However, there is an urgent need to find substitutes for corneal endothelium grafts due to the global shortage of donor corneas. An emerging research field focuses on the construction of scaffold-based corneal endothelium tissue engineering (CETE). Long-term success in CETE transplantation may be achieved by selecting the appropriate biomaterials as scaffolds of corneal endothelial cells and adding bioactive materials to promote cell activity. This article reviews the research progress of CETE biomaterials in the past 20 years, describes the key characteristics required for corneal endothelial scaffolds, and summarizes the types of materials that have been reported. Based on these, we list feasible improvement strategies for biomaterials innovation. In addition, we describe the improved techniques for the scaffolds’ surface topography and drug delivery system. Some promising technologies for constructing CETE are proposed. However, some questions have not been answered yet, and clinical trials and industrialization should be carried out with caution.
Strata-Bound Copper Deposits in Triassic Sandstone of Sierra Nacimiento, New Mexico

Copper sulfides and copper-iron sulfides have partly replaced or are closely associated with carbonaceous fossil plant material, mainly logs, in the Agua Zarca Sandstone Member of the Chinle Formation of Triassic age. Small amounts of native silver occur with the sulfides. Malachite, chrysocolla, and azurite fill the interstices and fractures in the clastic host rocks, forming irregular halos around the mineralized fossil plant material.Primary sulfide minerals, chalcocite, covellite, bornite, chalcopyrite, and pyrite, were probably deposited by ground-water solutions moving through paleochannel complexes in Triassic time shortly after deposition of the host rock; mineralization occurred where there was a favorable reducing environment provided principally by the carbonaceous material. The ultimate source of the copper may have been older deposits in the Precambrian rocks of the Uncompahgre highland in northern New Mexico and Colorado. The sulfide minerals were partly oxidized later, and copper in the form of malachite, chrysocolla, and azurite was disseminated in the adjacent host rock. Major faults post-date deposition of the sulfide minerals and can be expected to offset some of the mineralized paleochannels.Large-scale deposition of the sulfide minerals occurred at fossil logjams within paleochannels. Orientations of cross-bedding and fossil logs can be used to determine the trends of the paleochannels. These trends should be followed in subsurface exploration.
Full-lung simulations of mechanically ventilated lungs incorporating recruitment/derecruitment dynamics

This study developed and investigated a comprehensive multiscale computational model of a mechanically ventilated ARDS lung to elucidate the underlying mechanisms contributing to the development or prevention of VILI. This model is built upon a healthy lung model that incorporates realistic airway and alveolar geometry, tissue distensibility, and surfactant dynamics. Key features of the ARDS model include recruitment and derecruitment (RD) dynamics, alveolar tissue viscoelasticity, and surfactant deficiency. This model successfully reproduces realistic pressure-volume (PV) behavior, dynamic surface tension, and time-dependent descriptions of RD events as a function of the ventilation scenario. Simulations of Time-Controlled Adaptive Ventilation (TCAV) modes, with short and long durations of exhalation (T Low - and T Low + , respectively), reveal a higher incidence of RD for T Low + despite reduced surface tensions due to interfacial compression. This finding aligns with experimental evidence emphasizing the critical role of timing in protective ventilation strategies. Quantitative analysis of energy dissipation indicates that while alveolar recruitment contributes only a small fraction of total energy dissipation, its spatial concentration and brief duration may significantly contribute to VILI progression due to its focal nature and higher intensity. Leveraging the computational framework, the model may be extended to facilitate the development of personalized protective ventilation strategies to enhance patient outcomes. As such, this computational modeling approach offers valuable insights into the complex dynamics of VILI that may guide the optimization of ventilation strategies in ARDS management.
Distributed Dynamic Event-Triggered Control for Multi-Agent Systems With Quantization Communication

This brief concerns distributed practical consensus control for nonlinear MASs with quantization communication. Due to networked resource limitations and storage capacity restrictions, the exact information of their neighbors cannot be obtained by the agents. In this brief, it is supposed that the information exchanged between agents is quantized using a quantizer. By utilizing the open-loop estimation approach, an event-triggered control protocol is established, where the information communication with any connected neighbor is made discontinuously. To further reduce energy consumption, a dynamic event-triggered mechanism is designed, wherein a dynamic variable is assigned to each agent to dynamically govern its threshold. It is demonstrated that the presented control scheme can circumvent the Zeno behavior and the consensus control objective can be achieved. The validity of the theoretical analysis is manifested by the simulation results.
Immunopathogenesis of Silicotuberculosis: A Literature Review

Silicotuberculosis is a tuberculosis infection that emerges as a silicosis complication. A silicosis patient is 2.8 to 39 times more likely to develop pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Moreover, the fibrotic condition caused by silicosis may exacerbate the symptoms and worsen the clinical outcome of silicotuberculosis patients. The current report suggests that the immune system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease. Silicosis or silica exposure might interfere with the immunological response, especially the macrophages, which permit the Mycobacterium tuberculosis to infect the host. In this literature review, we will discuss the definition, epidemiology, and immunopathogenesis of silicotuberculosis.
The man, the plant, and the insect: shooting host specificity determinants in Serratia marcescens pangenome

Introduction Serratia marcescens is most commonly known as an opportunistic pathogen causing nosocomial infections. It, however, was shown to infect a wide range of hosts apart from vertebrates such as insects or plants as well, being either pathogenic or growth-promoting for the latter. Despite being extensively studied in terms of virulence mechanisms during human infections, there has been little evidence of which factors determine S. marcescens host specificity. On that account, we analyzed S. marcescens pangenome to reveal possible specificity factors. Methods We selected 73 high-quality genome assemblies of complete level and reconstructed the respective pangenome and reference phylogeny based on core genes alignment. To find an optimal pipeline, we tested current pangenomic tools and obtained several phylogenetic inferences. The pangenome was rich in its accessory component and was considered open according to the Heaps’ law. We then applied the pangenome-wide associating method (pan-GWAS) and predicted positively associated gene clusters attributed to three host groups, namely, humans, insects, and plants. Results According to the results, significant factors relating to human infections included transcriptional regulators, lipoproteins, ABC transporters, and membrane proteins. Host preference toward insects, in its turn, was associated with diverse enzymes, such as hydrolases, isochorismatase, and N-acetyltransferase with the latter possibly exerting a neurotoxic effect. Finally, plant infection may be conducted through type VI secretion systems and modulation of plant cell wall synthesis. Interestingly, factors associated with plants also included putative growth-promoting proteins like enzymes performing xenobiotic degradation and releasing ammonium irons. We also identified overrepresented functional annotations within the sets of specificity factors and found that their functional characteristics fell into separate clusters, thus, implying that host adaptation is represented by diverse functional pathways. Finally, we found that mobile genetic elements bore specificity determinants. In particular, prophages were mainly associated with factors related to humans, while genetic islands-with insects and plants, respectively. Discussion In summary, functional enrichments coupled with pangenomic inferences allowed us to hypothesize that the respective host preference is carried out through distinct molecular mechanisms of virulence. To the best of our knowledge, the presented research is the first to identify specific genomic features of S. marcescens assemblies isolated from different hosts at the pangenomic level.
A Survey on the Role of Industrial IoT in Manufacturing for Implementation of Smart Industry

The Internet of Things (IoT) is an innovative technology that presents effective and attractive solutions to revolutionize various domains. Numerous solutions based on the IoT have been designed to automate industries, manufacturing units, and production houses to mitigate human involvement in hazardous operations. Owing to the large number of publications in the IoT paradigm, in particular those focusing on industrial IoT (IIoT), a comprehensive survey is significantly important to provide insights into recent developments. This survey presents the workings of the IoT-based smart industry and its major components and proposes the state-of-the-art network infrastructure, including structured layers of IIoT architecture, IIoT network topologies, protocols, and devices. Furthermore, the relationship between IoT-based industries and key technologies is analyzed, including big data storage, cloud computing, and data analytics. A detailed discussion of IIoT-based application domains, smartphone application solutions, and sensor- and device-based IIoT applications developed for the management of the smart industry is also presented. Consequently, IIoT-based security attacks and their relevant countermeasures are highlighted. By analyzing the essential components, their security risks, and available solutions, future research directions regarding the implementation of IIoT are outlined. Finally, a comprehensive discussion of open research challenges and issues related to the smart industry is also presented.
Analysis of Sino-US Cultural Differences From the Perspective of Hofstede’s Cultural Dimension Theory—A Case Study of Saving Face

The film Saving Face is about a Chinese family living in the United States, reflecting the difference of cultural values between China and the United States through the clash of dialogue and behavior and ideology between three generations. Studies on the film Saving Face mainly focus on the comparative analysis of Chinese and American cultures, and lack systematic analysis from the dimension of cultural values. This study takes Hofstede’s cultural values dimension theory as a perspective to analyze the cultural differences between China and the United States and explore the underlying causes of the intense cultural differences in terms of cultural dimensions, providing useful insights for resolving cultural differences in intercultural communication and moving toward cultural integration.
Input-Independent Array Compensation in Memristor-Arrays-Based Neuromorphic Systems for Input Resistance

Neuromorphic systems using memristors as artificial synapses have attracted widespread interest for low-power consumption and low-latency computing applications. However, networks based on the paradox of limited sources and progressively larger array sizes are affected by non-ideal effects, such as input resistance problems due to matrix switches. During vector array multiplication, the input resistance leads to great distortion of the out current and significant degradation of the network performance. Here, an input-independent array compensation (IAC) method for the input resistance effect is proposed, which only require a few known parameters (memristor column average conductance, array size, input resistance) independent of the input information to effectively solves current distortion problems. The simulation and experiment results demonstrate that the current distortion problem can be successfully mitigated and the accuracy of the network computing can be effectively restored by using the proposed IAC method. These results provide a feasible approach for the precise implementation of the neuromorphic system based on memristor arrays.
The study on degraded land and its vegetation restoration models of desertification in Guizhou

The formation, geological background and topography types of desertification in Guizhou province are analyzed. Five types of desertification are divided. They are the depression land desertification region, the stone forest and hill desertification region composed by pure limestone and dolomite, the gentle slope land and tomb desertitication region of pure limestone and dolomite, the sandy hill desertification region of dolomite and the Karst desertification region of carbonate rock interlaced with non-carbonate rocks. The features of five types are analyzed and their vegetation restoration models are presented in this paper.
OH radical‐ initiated photooxidation of isoprene: An estimate of global CO production

The OH radical- initiated photooxidation of isoprene has been investigated experimentally by a 6-m3 photochemical reaction chamber equipped with a long path length Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. In the presence of NOx, the major primary reaction products were methyl vinyl ketone, methacrolein, and formaldehyde. Their yields were in quantitative agreement with previous measurements. In the absence of NOx, the reaction mechanism was found to be quite different from that in the presence of NOx, and major reaction products observed in the infrared spectra were attributed to organic hydroperoxides. Based on the model experiments, the ultimate yield of CO was evaluated to be 60% on the carbon number basis in the presence of NOx and 23% in the absence of NOx. The CO yield in the real atmosphere was evaluated as 30% on the carbon number basis, and global annual CO production from isoprene was estimated to be 105 Tg C yr−1. Together with a previous estimate of the CO production from terpenes, global CO production from natural hydrocarbons was evaluated to be 200±60 Tg C yr−1.
Characterizing Crowd Preferences on Stadium Facilities through Dynamic Inverse Reinforcement Learning

Understanding people’s preferences for facilities in sports stadiums is important to optimize the facility allocation and predict the crowd distribution for public safety purposes. Crowd preferences refer to people’s priority in seeking food, game swags, restrooms, finding seats, and exploring the venue over time. Existing approaches include pre-event surveys and interviews, which are costly and prone to biases when the response rate is low. In recent years, the development of advanced sensing systems enables automatic tracking of crowd distributions in public spaces, enabling the characterization of human preferences based on sensor data. However, the main challenge of human preference characterization is that their behaviors are not static, but rather dynamic and context-dependent, leading to high uncertainties over time and space. To overcome this challenge, we present a novel method to infer the dynamic preferences of the crowd on facilities such as food stands, restrooms, and game swag stations using dynamic inverse reinforcement learning (DIRL). Our method leverages the facility layout in sports stadiums and learns a time- and context-dependent reward function of the crowd by observing their distribution around various facilities over time. We then infer the crowd’s preference for facilities based on the weight of each type of facility in the reward function. To evaluate our approach, we conduct 6 real-world experiments for NCAA Pac-12 sports games at Stanford Maples Pavilion. We demonstrate how our method captures the changing crowd preferences on facilities over time and estimates the crowd distribution trend at 5 entry doors with 70% accuracy, allowing dynamic human preference characterization through sensor data.