Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Locations of optical and $\gamma$-ray emitting regions in the jet of PMN J2345-1555

We collect long term $\gamma$-ray, optical and radio $15$ GHz light curves of quasar object PMN J2345-1555. The correlation analyses between them are performed via the local cross-correlation function (LCCF). We found that all the optical $V$, $R$ band and the infrared $J$ band are correlated with the radio 15 GHz at beyond $3\sigma$ significance level, and the lag times are $-221.81^{+6.26}_{-6.72}$, $-201.38^{+6.42}_{-6.02}$ and $-192.27^{+8.26}_{-7.37}$ days, respectively. The $\gamma$-ray is strongly correlated with optical, but weakly correlated with the radio. We present that time lags between different frequencies can be used as an alternative parameter to derive the core-shift measurement. For this target, the magnetic field and particle density at 1 parsec in jet are derived to be $0.61$ Gauss and $1533/\gamma_{\rm min}$ cm$^{-3}$, respectively. The black hole mass and the 15 GHz core position in jet are estimated to be $10^{8.44} {\rm M}_{\odot}$ and $30$ parsec, respectively. The lag times enable us to derive that the optical and the $\gamma$-ray emitting regions coincide, which are located at $4.26^{+0.83}_{-0.79}$ pc away from 15 GHz core position in jet and beyond the broad line region (BLR). We found that a $3\sigma$ correlation between the color index and the radio light curve, which indicates that opacity may play an important role in the variation. The $\delta V-\delta R$ behaviors are complex, while the $R-J$ shows a bluer when brighter trend. As hinted from radio images, we proposed a positional dependent spectral index model to explain the color index behaviors, which is complementary for the shock in jet model. The curvature effects and contribution from accretion disk may also affect variables of blazars in many aspects.
Prompt gamma-ray emission of GRB 170817A associated with GW 170817: a consistent picture

The short GRB 170817A associated to the first detection of gravitation waves from a Binary Neutron Star (BNS) merger was in many ways unusual. Possible explanations are emission from cocoon at its break out, off-axis view of an structured jet, and on-axis ultra-relativistic jet with reduced density and Lorentz factor. Here we use a phenomenological model for generation and evolution of gamma-ray bursts to simulate prompt emission of GRB 170817A and test above proposals. We find that mildly relativistic cocoon models with characteristics considered in the literature generates too soft, too long and too bright prompt emission. Off-axis view of an structured jet with a Lorentz factor of about 10 can reproduce observations, but needs a very efficient transfer of kinetic energy to electrons in internal shocks, which is disfavored by particle in cell simulations. A diluted jet with a Lorentz factor about 100 seems the most plausible model. This is an evidence for intrinsic faintness of GRB 170817A. Based on this result and findings of relativistic magnetohydrodynamics simulations of BNS merger in the literature, we discuss physical and astronomical conditions, which may lead to such faint short GRBs. We identify small mass difference of neutron star progenitors, their old age and reduced magnetic field, and anti-alignment of spin-orbit angular momentum induced by environmental gravitational disturbances during the lifetime of the BNS as causes for the faintness of GRB 170817A, and predict that BNS mergers at lower redshifts generate on average fainter GRBs.
Combining direct imaging and radial velocity data towards a full exploration of the giant planet population

Thanks to the detections of more than 3000 exoplanets these last 20 years, statistical studies have already highlighted some properties in the distribution of the planet parameters. Nevertheless, few studies have yet investigated the planet populations from short to large separations around the same star since this requires the use of different detection techniques that usually target different types of stars. We wish to develop a tool that combines direct and indirect methods so as to correctly investigate the giant planet populations at all separations. We developed the MESS2 code, a Monte Carlo simulation code combining radial velocity and direct imaging data obtained at different epochs for a given star to estimate the detection probability of giant planets spanning a wide range of physical separations. It is based on the generation of synthetic planet populations. We apply MESS2 on a young M1-type, the nearby star AUMic observed with HARPS and NACO/ESO. We show that giant planet detection limits are significantly improved at intermediate separations (~20au in the case of AUMic). We show that the traditional approach of analysing independently the RV and DI detection limits systematically overestimates the planet detection limits and hence planet occurrence rates. The use of MESS2 allows to obtain correct planet occurrence rates in statistical studies, making use of multi-epoch DI data and/or RV measurements. We also show that MESS2 can optimise the schedule of future DI observations.
Remarks on Flory theory of a self-avoiding chain under cylindrical confinement

Despite its limitations, mainly due to its simplicity, Flory theory has been extended to many other important cases, e.g., linear chains with stiffness and polymers of various topology in a confined space. Surprisingly, the severe limitations of the applicability of the Flory-type free energy for cylindrical confinement have not been well noticed. In this note, we present a simple "renormalized" form of Flory energy for 1D system, from which one can obtain the following three quantities consistently: the equilibrium end-to-end distance of the chain, the confinement free energy, and the effective "Hookian" spring constant of the chain. Our result has practical implications for many experimental studies concerning DNA molecules in nano-/micro-channels.
CLUSTERING OF LOCAL GROUP DISTANCES: PUBLICATION BIAS OR CORRELATED MEASUREMENTS? III. THE SMALL MAGELLANIC CLOUD

Aiming at providing a firm mean distance estimate to the SMC, and thus to place it within the internally consistent Local Group distance framework we recently established, we compiled the current largest database of published distance estimates to the galaxy. Based on careful statistical analysis, we derive mean distance estimates to the SMC using eclipsing binary systems, variable stars, stellar population tracers, and star cluster properties. Their weighted mean leads to a final recommendation for the mean SMC distance of ( m − M ) 0 SMC = 18.96 ± 0.02 ? > mag, where the uncertainty represents the formal error. Systematic effects related to lingering uncertainties in extinction corrections, our physical understanding of the stellar tracers used, and the SMC's complex geometry—including its significant line of sight depth, its irregular appearance which renders definition of the galaxy's center uncertain, as well as its high inclination and possibly warped disk—may contribute additional uncertainties possibly exceeding 0.15–0.20 mag.
Theory and modelling of the magnetic field measurement in LISA PathFinder

The magnetic diagnostics subsystem of the LISA Technology Package (LTP) on board the LISA PathFinder (LPF) spacecraft includes a set of four tri-axial fluxgate magnetometers, intended to measure with high precision the magnetic field at their respective positions. However, their readouts do not provide a direct measurement of the magnetic field at the positions of the test masses, and hence an interpolation method must be designed and implemented to obtain the values of the magnetic field at these positions. However, such an interpolation process faces serious difficulties. Indeed, the size of the interpolation region is excessive for a linear interpolation to be reliable while, on the other hand, the number of magnetometer channels do not provide sufficient data to go beyond the linear approximation. We describe an alternative method to address this issue, by means of neural network algorithms. The key point in this approach is the ability of neural networks to learn from suitable training data representing the behaviour of the magnetic field. Despite the relatively large distance between the test masses and the magnetometers, and the insufficient number of data channels, we find that our artificial neural network algorithm is able to reduce the estimation errors of the field and gradient down to levels below 10%, a quite satisfactory result. Learning efficiency can be best improved by making use of data obtained in on-ground measurements prior to mission launch in all relevant satellite locations and in real operation conditions. Reliable information on that appears to be essential for a meaningful assessment of magnetic noise in the LTP.
Tracking the iron K α line and the ultra fast outflow in NGC 2992 at different accretion states

The Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 2992 has been monitored eight times by XMM-Newton in 2010 and then observed again in 2013, while in 2015 it was simultaneously targeted by Swift and NuSTAR. XMM-Newton always caught the source in a faint state (2-10 keV fluxes ranging from 0.3 to 1.6$\times10^{-11}$ erg cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$) but NuSTAR showed an increase in the 2-10 keV flux up to 6$\times10^{-11}$ erg cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$. We find possible evidence of an Ultra Fast Outflow with velocity $v_1=0.21\pm0.01c$ (detected at about 99% confidence level) in such a flux state. The UFO in NGC 2992 is consistent with being ejected at a few tens of gravitational radii only at accretion rates greater than 2% of the Eddington luminosity. The analysis of the low flux 2010/2013 XMM data allowed us to determine that the Iron K$\alpha$ emission line complex in this object is likely the sum of three distinct components: a constant, narrow one due to reflection from cold, distant material (likely the molecular torus); a narrow, but variable one which is more intense in brighter observations and a broad relativistic one emitted in the innermost regions of the accretion disk, which has been detected only in the 2003 XMM observation.
Altered Expression of GDF9 and BMP15 Genes in Granulosa Cells of Diminished Ovarian Reserve Patients: A Case-Control Study

Objective Diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) is a challenging issue encountered during assisted reproductive technology. Growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) belong to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily which are essential for folliculogenesis. We aimed to the evaluation of the GDF9 and BMP15 expression in the granulosa cells (GCs) of DOR patients. Materials and Methods This case-control study included 14 women with DOR and 12 controls, who were between 28- 40 years of age undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation with a gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist protocol. DOR patients were selected by the Bologna criteria. The GCs were extracted from the aspirated follicular fluids and RNA isolated from this. The fold change of gene expressions was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results GDF9 expression in patients was 0.23 times lower than the control group, which was significant (P<0.0001). BMP15 expression in patients was 0.32 times lower than the control group, which was significant (P<0.0001). The number of archived oocytes, MII, and two pronuclei (PN) embryos was higher in the control group and these differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Given that GDF9 and BMP15 are specifically involved during follicular recruitmen. , we expect expression of these two genes in DOR patients which is greatly reduced by reducing follicular reserve.
A model of COVID-19 pandemic with vaccines and mutant viruses

This paper proposes a compartment model (SVEIHRM model) based on a system of ordinary differential equations to simulate the pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Emergence of mutant viruses gave rise to multiple peaks in the number of confirmed cases. Vaccine developers and WHO suggest individuals to receive multiple vaccinations (the primary and the secondary vaccinations and booster shots) to mitigate transmission of COVID-19. Taking this into account, we include compartments for multiple vaccinations and mutant viruses of COVID-19 in the model. In particular, our model considers breakthrough infection according to the antibody formation rate following multiple vaccinations. We obtain the effective reproduction numbers of the original virus, the Delta, and the Omicron variants by fitting this model to data in Korea. Additionally, we provide various simulations adjusting the daily vaccination rate and the timing of vaccination to investigate the effects of these two vaccine-related measures on the number of infected individuals. We also show that starting vaccinations early is the key to reduce the number of infected individuals. Delaying the start date requires increasing substantially the rate of vaccination to achieve similar target results. In the sensitivity analysis on the vaccination rate of Korean data, it is shown that a 10% increase (decrease) in vaccination rates can reduce (increase) the number of confirmed cases by 35.22% (82.82%), respectively.
Comparative metabolomics analysis of pericarp from four varieties of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim

ABSTRACT A qualitative and quantitative analysis of metabolites was performed by metabolomics comparation on the pericarps of four varieties of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. The Zanthoxylum bunganum as scion combined with three rootstock varieties of Zanthoxylum piasezkii Maxim (YJ), July Zanthoxylum bunganum Maxim (QJ), and August Zanthoxylum bunganum Maxim (BJ), at the same time Zanthoxylum bungeanum seedlings breeding were compared as control (MJ). A total of 1429 metabolites were identified in Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim pericarps based on chromatography and mass spectrometry dual detection platform. While the metabolites between four varieties of Z. bungeanum varied, there was identified 31, 15, 7, 79, 42, 19 down-regulated and 55, 50, 13, 75, 43, 27 up-regulated differential metabolites between MJ and BJ, MJ and QJ, MJ and YJ, QJ and BJ, YJ and BJ, YJ and QJ. Meanwhile, the differential metabolites composition was distinct among various varieties of Z. bungeanum and dominant by phenolic compounds flavonoid and phenolic acids, especially highest in varieties July Zanthoxylum bunganum Maxim. Highlight A comparative metabolomics analyzed in four varieties of Zanthoxylum bungeanum pericarp.Total 1429 metabolites were identified and mainly in flavonoid and phenolic acid.July and August Zanthoxylum bunganum Maxim has highest antioxidant capacity.The rootstock July Zanthoxylum bunganum Maxim was recommended in Loess Plateau. Graphical abstract
Dissipation-induced quantum phase transition in a quantum box

In a recent work, Le Hur has shown that dissipative coupling to gate electrodes may play an important role in a quantum box near its degeneracy point [K. Le Hur, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 92}, 196804 (2004)]: While quantum fluctuations of the charge of the dot tend to round Coulomb blockade charging steps of the box, strong enough dissipation suppresses these fluctuations and leads to the reappearance of sharp charging steps. In the present paper we study this quantum phase transition in detail using bosonization and numerical renormalization group methods in the limit of vanishing level spacing.
Aerosols Handbook : Measurement, Dosimetry, and Health Effects

Medical and Pharmaceutical Aerosols Stephen Marek, Hugh D.C. Smyth, Lucila Garcia-Contreras, Daniel J. Cooney, Robert J. Garmise, Latarsha D. Jones, and Anthony J. Hickey Breathing Zone Exposure Assessment Charles E. Rodes and Jonathan W. Thornburg Mechanisms of Particle Deposition Jacky A. Rosati, Kristin K. Isaacs, and Ted B. Martonen Aerosol Dose Lev S. Ruzer, Michael G. Apte, and Richard G. Sextro Modeling Deposition of Inhaled Particles Kristin K. Isaacs, Jacky A. Rosati, and Ted B. Martonen Aerosol Chemistry and Physics: An Indoor Perspective Lara A. Gundel and Hugo Destaillats NEW - Chemical Analyses of Particle Filter Deposits Judith C. Chow and John G. Watson Health Effects of Ambient Ultrafine Particles Beverly S. Cohen NEW - Nanoparticle Cell Penetration Steven M. Hankin and Craig A. Poland NEW - High Aspect Ratio Nanomaterials: Characterization and Toxicology Steven M. Hankin and Craig A. Poland NEW - Research and Development of a New Safe Form of Drugs T.G. Tolstikova, A.A. Onischuk, I.V. Sorokina, A.M. Baklanov, V.V. Karasev, V.V. Boldyrev, V.M. Fomin, T. Tolstikova, M. Khvostov, A. Bryzgalov, and G. Tolstikov Bioaerosols Janet M. Macher, Jeroen Douwes, Brad Prezant, and Tiina Reponen NEW - Atmospheric Pollution Related to Climate Change George D. Thurston and Michelle L. Bell NEW - Health Effects of Metals in Ambient Air Particular Matter Morton Lippmann Radioactive Aerosols Lev S. Ruzer NEW - Unattached Fraction of Radon Progeny as an Experimental Tool in the Assessment of the Risk of Nanoparticles Lev S. Ruzer Filtration and Sampling of Aerosols by Fibrous Filters A.K. Budyka, A.A. Kirsch, and B.I. Ogorodnikov Radioactive Aerosols of Chernobyl Accident A.K. Budyka and B.I. Ogorodnikov NEW - Classical Nucleation Theory: Account of Dependence of the Surface Tension on Curvature and Translation-Rotation Correction Factor S.V. Vosel, A.A. Onischuk, P.A. Purtov, and T.G. Tolstikova Radioactive Aerosol Standards Lev S. Ruzer, Yu.V. Kuznetzov, V.L. Kustova, D.E. Fertman, and A.I. Rizin Radon and Thoron in the Environment: Concentrations and Lung Cancer Risk Naomi H. Harley Inhalation of the Long-Lived Radionuclides Uranium, Thorium, and Fallout Plutonium in the Atmosphere Isabel M. Fisenne Health Effects of Aerosols: Mechanisms and Epidemiology Ira B. Tager Index
Morphological analysis of cell distribution and network structure via gap junctions in swine corneal stroma

Because of corneal transplantation limitations, there is a need for cornea-specific regenerative medicine. The development of such regenerative medicine has been delayed because of the complex and unique structure of the corneal stroma. Few studies have explored the corneal stroma cell distribution and cell types in vivo. This study investigated regional differences in morphological characteristics and distributions of corneal keratocytes and immunocompetent cells in the corneal stroma to clarify their functions and structural characteristics. The porcine eyeballs were subjected to light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and immunofluorescence staining analyses. Corneal cells were primarily located in the limbus, rather than the center of the cornea; the long keratocyte diameter was largest on the epithelial side of the corneal limbus, while the short diameter was largest on the endothelial side of the central cornea. Moreover, there were significantly more corneal cells on the epithelial side than on the endothelial side in both the central and limbus areas. Gap junctions between cells in the corneal stroma were present on the surfaces of cytoplasmic processes. Many cytoplasmic processes were scattered throughout the corneal stroma; they were connected both vertically and horizontally, forming an intercellular network. Additionally, immunocompetent cells on the epithelial side suggested to participate in this network via gap junctions. The morphology of keratocytes and immunocompetent cells on the epithelial side suggests that they play important roles in corneal homeostasis.
Childhood BMI and other measures of body composition as a predictor of cardiometabolic non-communicable diseases in adulthood: a systematic review

Abstract Objective: There is growing evidence that childhood malnutrition is associated with non-communicable diseases (NCD) in adulthood and that body composition mediates some of this association. This review aims to determine if childhood body composition can be used to predict later-life cardiometabolic NCD and which measures of body composition predicts future NCD. Design: Electronic databases were searched for articles where: children aged under 5 years had body composition measured; cardiometabolic health outcomes were measured a minimum of 10 years later. Setting: The databases Embase, Medline and Global Health were searched through July 2020. Participants: Children aged under 5 years with a follow-up of minimum 10 years. Results: Twenty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Though a poor proxy measure of body composition, body mass index (BMI) was commonly reported (n 28, 97 %). 25 % of these studies included an additional measure (ponderal index or skinfold thickness). Few studies adjusted for current body size (n 11, 39 %). Conclusions: Many studies reported that low infant BMI and high childhood BMI were associated with an increased risk of NCD-related outcomes in later life but no conclusions can be made about the exact timing of child malnutrition and consequent impact on NCD. Because studies focussed on BMI rather than direct measures of body composition, nothing can be said about which measures of body composition in childhood are most useful. Future research on child nutrition and long-term outcomes is urgently needed and should include validated body composition assessments as well as standard anthropometric and BMI measurements.
Motion Artifact Reduction in Electrocardiogram Signals Through a Redundant Denoising Independent Component Analysis Method for Wearable Health Care Monitoring Systems: Algorithm Development and Validation

Background The quest for improved diagnosis and treatment in home health care models has led to the development of wearable medical devices for remote vital signs monitoring. An accurate signal and a high diagnostic yield are critical for the cost-effectiveness of wearable health care monitoring systems and their widespread application in resource-constrained environments. Despite technological advances, the information acquired by these devices can be contaminated by motion artifacts (MA) leading to misdiagnosis or repeated procedures with increases in associated costs. This makes it necessary to develop methods to improve the quality of the signal acquired by these devices. Objective We aimed to present a novel method for electrocardiogram (ECG) signal denoising to reduce MA. We aimed to analyze the method’s performance and to compare its performance to that of existing approaches. Methods We present the novel Redundant denoising Independent Component Analysis method for ECG signal denoising based on the redundant and simultaneous acquisition of ECG signals and movement information, multichannel processing, and performance assessment considering the information contained in the signal waveform. The method is based on data including ECG signals from the patient’s chest and back, the acquisition of triaxial movement signals from inertial measurement units, a reference signal synthesized from an autoregressive model, and the separation of interest and noise sources through multichannel independent component analysis. Results The proposed method significantly reduced MA, showing better performance and introducing a smaller distortion in the interest signal compared with other methods. Finally, the performance of the proposed method was compared to that of wavelet shrinkage and wavelet independent component analysis through the assessment of signal-to-noise ratio, dynamic time warping, and a proposed index based on the signal waveform evaluation with an ensemble average ECG. Conclusions Our novel ECG denoising method is a contribution to converting wearable devices into medical monitoring tools that can be used to support the remote diagnosis and monitoring of cardiovascular diseases. A more accurate signal substantially improves the diagnostic yield of wearable devices. A better yield improves the devices’ cost-effectiveness and contributes to their widespread application.