Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE METALLICITIES AND KINEMATICS OF LOCAL RR LYRAES

In order to study the structure and formation history of the Galaxy, low-resolution spectra were obtained of 302 nearby ab-type RR Lyrae variables selected from the General Catalog of Variable Stars. Accurate abundances and radial velocities were derived from the spectra, and distances were computed from apparent magnitudes and reddenings taken from the literature. An abrupt change in the kinematics is seen at [Fe/H] = -1.0. Below this value, the slow Galactic rotation and broad velocity dispersions of the halo are apparent (Vphi = 17 ± 14 km s-1 and sigmar : sigmaphi : sigmaz = 160 ± 15 : 112 ± 10 : 99 ± 10 km s-1 for [Fe/H] < -1.3), while above this value, the stars have the fast rotation and small dispersions characteristic of the thick disk (Vphi = 186 ± 10 km s-1 and sigmar : sigmaphi : sigmaz = 57 ± 12 : 35 ± 9 : 39 ± 10 km s-1 for -1.0 < [Fe/H] < -0.45). The transition from disk to halo is more abrupt than in local samples of subdwarf and giant stars, probably because a difference between the horizontal-branch morphologies of the halo and disk populations affects their relative productions of RR Lyraes as a function of abundance. The kinematic properties and spatial distribution of the stars with [Fe/H] > -0.45 are consistent with their being a mixture of the thick disk and old thin disk populations, or part of an extended disk exhibiting a continuum in kinematic properties. The rotational velocity and velocity dispersion were observed to be independent of abundance in the halo, in agreement with the subdwarf samples of Carney et al. (1990) and of Ryan & Norris (1991), further supporting chaotic pictures of halo formation such as the fragment accretion picture of Searle & Zinn (1978). The space density of the local halo RR Lyraes is larger than predicted from distant samples of RR Lyraes (Preston et al. 1991), suggesting that either the halo is flatter (b/a ~ 0.5) than Preston estimated (Green & Morrison 1992), or a two-component halo exists. The rotational velocities of the most metal-poor stars ([Fe/H] < -1.9) in this and other non-kinematically-selected samples are prograde, and are not influenced by metal-poor disk stars as proposed by Majewski (1992). It is suggested that the two-component, Old/Younger Halo model recently proposed by Zinn may account for Majewski's observation of retrograde halo rotation at large Z-heights, where the Younger Halo would dominate. Finally, the metallicity distribution of the field halo RR Lyraes is observed to be broader than those of the RR Lyraes in the inner and outer halo globular clusters. This result is discussed with regard to the relative spreads in horizontal-branch morphology of the field and cluster populations; if age is the dominant "second parameter", a fraction of the halo field stars may be younger than the youngest halo clusters by 1-2 Gyr.
Copper nanowire arrays for transparent electrodes

Metallic nanowires have demonstrated high optical transmission and electrical conductivity with potential for application as transparent electrodes that may be used in flexible devices. In this paper, we systematically investigated the electrical and optical properties of 1D and 2D copper nanowire (Cu NW) arrays as a function of diameter and pitch and compared their performance to that of Cu thin films and our recent results on silver (Ag) NW arrays. Cu NWs exhibit enhanced transmission over thin films due to propagating resonance modes between NWs. For the same geometry, the transmission of Cu NW arrays is about the same as that of Ag NW arrays since the dispersion relation of propagating modes in metal nanowire arrays are independent of the metal permittivity. The sheet resistance is also comparable since the conductivity of Cu is about the same as that of Ag. Just as in Ag NWs, larger Cu NW diameters and pitches are favored for achieving higher solar transmission at a particular sheet resistance. Cu NW.
Solving ℓ1 Regularization Problems With Piecewise Linear Losses

This article is concerned with the computational aspect of ℓ1 regularization problems with a certain class of piecewise linear loss functions. The problem of computing the ℓ1 regularization path for a piecewise linear loss can be formalized as a parametric linear programming problem. We propose an efficient implementation method of the parametric simplex algorithm for such a problem. We also conduct a simulation study to investigate the behavior of the number of “breakpoints” of the regularization path when both the number of observations and the number of explanatory variables vary. Our method is also applicable to the computation of the regularization path for a piecewise linear loss and the blockwise ℓ∞ penalty. This article has supplementary material online.
Prior information, sampling distributions, and the curse of dimensionality

This tutorial addresses geometrical issues that concern the specification of high‐dimensional sampling distributions in Bayesian inversion. We illustrate that simple, low‐dimensional geometrical concepts that are sometimes used to construct such distributions may become completely distorted (and even untrue) in higher dimensional problems. This has important implications for Bayesian inversion: if a convenient sampling distribution is constructed using low dimensional geometrical concepts which cause it to differ from the distribution representing our prior information, these differences can become extremely expensive to correct in higher dimensions. Indeed, they may make a nonlinear inversion computationally intractable when this need not be the case. A crucial factor in Bayesian inversion is, therefore, whether one firmly believes in a particular prior distribution. If so, this distribution may constitute the most efficient sampling distribution, even in cases where it is not straight‐forward to draw sa.
Semiempirical tight-binding band structures of wurtzite semiconductors: AlN, CdS, CdSe, ZnS, and ZnO

La parametrisation des bandes de ces semiconducteurs de type Wurtzite, conduit a une representation precise des bandes de valence et une description convenable de la bande de conduction la plus basse. Le fait que les elements de matrice montre des preferences implique que l'hamiltonien empirique de liaisons fortes est utile pour des theories de perturbations localisees
A lattice Boltzmann framework for simulation of thrombogenesis

A lattice Boltzmann framework has been developed which models thrombus formation following physical damage to platelets and activation of the coagulation cascade via one or more of the strands of Virchow's triad. The model includes concurrent simulation of flow, activation of blood and modification of the geometry following clot deposition. An extended local clotting rule has been developed which considers the vicinity of the growing clot and local flow factors such as shear stress. This paper will focus on the implementation of these local rules, as an extension to the standard flow solver, for modelling the activation and clotting processes.
THE RATE OF STAR FORMATION IN THE GALAXY

A method is described for obtaining time sequences of stellar configurations automatically by means of highspoed digital computers. The time- dependent differential equations of stellar structure are replaced by secondorder difference equations. These non-linear difference equations, together with the boundary conditions, are solved by an iterative method which is a generalization of the Newton-Raphson method for obtaining roots of functions. With the UNIVAC computer of the Livermore slte of the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, the method has been used in connection with various previously published studies of stellar evolution. (auth)
Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 96:321-324, April 1984 PERIODIC VARIABILITY IN THE SYMBIOTIC STARS SY MUSCAE AND RR TELESCOPII

We discuss periodic brightness variations in the symbiotic stars SY Mus and RR Tel. The 627.0-day variation in SY Mus is a result of binary motion, as the 0.6-mag amplitude is due to the reflection effect and an eclipse of the hot source by its red-giant companion. RR Tel has a 374-day cycle with an amplitude of 0.25 mag. This value for the period is nearly identical to that observed before the 1944 outburst and recently confirmed by infrared observations, and is the pulsational period of a Mira-like long-period variable.
Southern Cool Carbon Stars Found on Near‐Infrared Objective Prism Plates

A large set of deep, near‐IR, objective‐prism plates taken along the southern Galactic plane was searched for cool supergiants and carbon stars. Accurate coordinates and charts for 759 carbon stars in two Galactic longitude sectors within 7. °5 of the plane, 248°<l<288° and 320°<l<341°, are given, including 289 stars not previously published. Many of the new and known stars are found in the IRAS, DENIS, and 2MASS point‐source catalogs. The 2MASS colors and the longitude distribution of cool carbon stars are discussed briefly.
Optimal Control of a PEM Fuel Cell for the Inputs Minimization

The trajectory tracking problem of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell is considered. To solve this problem, an optimal controller is proposed. The optimal technique has the objective that the system states should reach the desired trajectories while the inputs are minimized. The proposed controller uses the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman method where its Riccati equation is considered as an adaptive function. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is verified by two simulations.
On the Mass-Ratio Distribution of Spectroscopic Binaries

In this paper we derive the mass-ratio and secondary-mass distributions of a large, well-defined, complete sample of 129 spectroscopic binaries with periods between 1 and 2500 days. The binaries, whose orbits were published recently, were detected by a systematic radial-velocity survey of a sample of more than 1400 large proper motion stars. Three features stand out in the mass-ratio distribution: a rise as the mass ratio goes down to q ~ 0.2, a sharp drop below q ~ 0.2, and a smaller peak at q ~ 0.8. Another way to characterize the results is to state that the distribution includes two "populations," one with a high asymmetric peak at q ~ 0.2 and another with a smaller peak at q ~ 0.8, while the minimum between the two populations is centered at q ~ 0.55. The size of the binary sample allows us to divide it into two subsamples and look for differences in the mass-ratio distributions of the two subsamples. We performed two different divisions: one into Galactic halo versus disk populations, and the other into high- and low-mass primary stars (above and below 0.67 M☉). The former division yields differences with moderate statistical significance of 88%, while the latter is more significant at a level of 97%. Our analysis suggests that the rise toward low mass ratios does not appear in the mass-ratio distribution of the halo binaries. The other separation shows a broad peak at mass ratio of q ~ 0.8-1 for the subsample of binaries with low-mass primaries but no corresponding peak in the subsample with high-mass primaries. We discuss our findings and their application to theories of binary formation.
Holographic Optical Element with Analyzer Function for Magneto-Optical Disk Head

A new holographic optical element, made of a birefringent LiNbO3 substrate, has been developed for magneto-optical, disk heads. The element includes the analyzer function required for magneto-optical signal detection, in addition to focusing and tracking error signal detection functions. The analyzer function was realized by introducing a birefringent grating structure, using proton exchange method. More than 15dB extinction ratios were obtained for the fabricated element.
A Probabilistic Approach to a Solution of Nonlinear Parabolic Equations

We construct a probabilistic representation of the Cauchy problem solution for a system of nonlinear parabolic equations and give the conditions which guarantee that this representation can be applied to construct and investigate a solution of the Cauchy problem for a system of nonlinear hyperbolic equations. As an example, we consider the system of gas dynamic equations and its parabolic regularization.
Characteristics of Mesoscale Precipitation Bands in Southern Finland

Abstract A large amount of observational material, consisting of more than 3000 hours of radar measurements from about 1 50 cyclones has been analyzed to discover the characteristic features of banded structures in extratropical cyclones in southern Finland. All previously classified types of rain- and snowbands have been observed. The most common rainband types were warm frontal aloft, postfrontal, warm sector and occluded warm frontal bands. The average size parameters of different rainband types showed only slight variations from type to type. A distinct annual variation in the echo top height, rainband width and wavelength has been found. The average echo top heights were 3 and 6.5 km, the wavelengths 29 and 77 km, and the widths 18 and 35 km in winter and summer, respectively. The monthly values of the ratio of wavelength to height were relatively constant. They varied between 6 and 14, averaging 11.
Testing the Weak Form of Efficiency in Nepalese Stock Markets

The purpose of the study is to examine the Nepalese stock markets for the weak form of efficiency. Previous studies in this area in Nepalese stock markets have shown mixed results; most studies concluded that the market is inefficient in the weak form, while the market was found to be efficient in weak form when the return series were adjusted for infrequent trading. This study has explored the Nepalese stock market for the weak form of efficiency using normality test, autocorrelation test, run test, and unit root test on the daily returns of NEPSE Index from January 2010 till December 2019. This study revealed that the return series deviated significantly from the normal distribution which was tested using Jarque-Bera (JB) Test. Significant autocorrelation was found with their lagged values. Run tests showed that the return series of NEPSE Index did not occur randomly. The same was evident from Phillips-Perron (PP) test and Augmented Dicky-Fuller (ADF) test. The study concluded that the Nepalese stock market is inefficient in weak form indicating that future price movements can be predicted based on their past price movements.
The Nash Bargaining Model Used in an Optimally Designed PID Controller for Multiple Objectives.

We propose a new design scheme of the PID controller optimized of multiple objectives. The game of designing the PID controller is considered in the context of the n-person bargaining game. In this game, a player is defined as having one of the desired properties : decreased ITSE(Integral of Time multiplied by Squared Error) ; fast response time and less overshoot. Utility functions corresponding to the players are also defined as objective functions related to their roles. A set of desired parameters of the PID controller(e.g.PID gains)is given by acquiring the objective functions, it is easy to apply this design scheme to complex design problems. In this paper, an example of simulation results is illustrated to show the effectiveness of this scheme.
DV-Hop Localization Algorithm Based on Distance Geometry Constrain

Node localization is one of the key technologies in wireless sensor networks,DV-Hop algorithm is wildly usded . The main DV-Hop localization error is the distance between unknown nodes ande anchor nodes.In this paper, The distance geometry constrain in two-dimensional space has been applied to reduce the error of measurement ,which is the distance between unknown nodes and anchor nodes. Simulation results show that this localization algorithm is effective ,which improves the positioning accuracy.
Longa Persistência Nas Taxas De Inflação

The objective of this article is to show that the Brazilian inflation rates from January 1974 to June 1994 were generated by a fractionally integrated processo This process exhibits high persistency of shocks but does not have unit roots; these two characteristics can explain the apparently inconsistent behavior of the inflation pointed out by Cati, Garcia e Perron (1999). Assuming that the inflation rates could have been generated by an ARFIMA model, we estimate its order of integration by maximum likelihood and the regression method. The results obtained in both cases indicate that the inflation rates were generated by a long memory process.
A framework for constrained adaptive time-frequency kernel design

In this paper, t-f kernels are updated every data sample using constrained adaptive techniques. The kernel elements along each lag in the time-lag domain are considered as FIR filter coefficients operating on time-series of the data bilinear products. Linearly constrained minimum variance and constrained linear prediction adaptive techniques are used to allow effective reduction of the noise and crossterms without distorting the signal autoterms. Two different cases are considered for which the data-dependent kernel design via linearly constrained minimization proves useful and leads to significant improvements over fixed kernel design. <<ETX>>
White Dwarfs in Common Proper Motion Binary Systems: Mass Distribution and Kinematics

We present the mass distribution, gravitational redshifts, radial velocities, and space motions of white dwarf stars in common proper motion binary systems. The mass distribution we derive for the 41 DA white dwarfs in this study has a mean of 0.68 ± 0.04 M⊙. This distribution has a slightly higher mean and larger dispersion than most previous white dwarf studies. We hypothesize that this is due to a higher fraction of cool (average Teff ∼ 10,000 K), hence old, white dwarfs in our sample. Our results indicate that samples made up of predominantly cool, old white dwarf stars tend to have a bimodal distribution with a second mass peak at ∼1.0 M⊙, which skews the mean toward a higher mass. Both the mean and individual white dwarf masses we report here are in better agreement with those determined from model atmosphere spectroscopic fits to line profiles than with most previous gravitational redshift studies of cool white dwarfs. Our results indicate that measurement biases and weak geocoronal emission lines in the observed spectra may have affected previous gravitational redshift measurements. These have been minimized in our study. We present measurements for some previously unobserved white dwarfs, as well as independent new measurements for some that have been reported in the literature. A list of complete space motions for 50 wide binary white dwarfs is presented, derived from radial velocity measurements of their nondegenerate companions. We find that the UVW space motions and dispersions of the common proper motion binaries that contain white dwarf components are consistent with those of old, metal-poor disk stars.
Normal Form and Luenberger Observer for Linear Mechanical Descriptor Systems

Normal forms are presented for linear mechanical systems with holonomic and/or nonholonomic constraints. These forms provide deep insight into the peculiar system structure of constrained linear mechanical systems or the so-called linear mechanical descriptor systems. Based on these normal forms, an explicit observer design method is proposed under a weaker observability assumption, i.e., finite observability or reachable observability on the linear mechanical descriptor systemssl
SPECIAL SECTION: SEXUAL HEALTH IN GAY AND BISEXUAL MALE COUPLES The Effects of Sexual Partnership and Relationship Characteristics on Three Sexual Risk Variables in Young Men Who Have Sex with Men

Youngmenwhohavesexwithmen(YMSM)in the United States are experiencing an alarming increase in HIV incidence. Recent evidence suggests that the majority of new HIV infections in YMSM occur in the context of serious relationships, which underscores the importance of examining predictors of sexual risk behavior in the context of sexual partnerships, including relationship type, sexual partner characteristics, and relationship dynamics. The current study aimed to evaluate relationship and sexual partnership influences on sexual risk behavior in YMSM, including differentiating between multiple sexual risk variables (i.e., any unprotected anal or vaginal intercourse, unprotected insertive anal or vaginal intercourse, and unprotected receptive anal intercourse). More serious/familiar partnerships were associated with more sexual risk across all three risk variables, while wanting a relationship to last was protective against risk across all three risk variables. Some variables were differentially linked to unprotected insertive sex (partner gender) or unprotected receptive sex (partner age, partner race,believing apartnerwashaving sex withothers, and partners repeated across waves). Sexual risk behavior in YMSM is inconsistent across sexualpartnerships and appears to be determined in no small part by sexual partner characteristics, relationship dynamics, and sexual role (i.e., insertive or receptive partner). These influences are critical in understanding sexual risk in YMSM and provide important targets for intervention.
"universe collapse model" and its roles in the unification of four fundamental forces and the origin and the evolution of the universe

To unify the four known fundamental forces and provide an explanation for the origin and the evolution of the universe are two long-term goals of theoretical physics. Here a “universe collapse model” has been proposed. The universe consists of Matter and No-matter. No-matter is the universal energy that constructs a consistent universe field, presenting a spiral wave motion at the speed of light at the small scale. The partial collapse of the universal energy forms the particles of the universal energy in a variety of sizes, which are called as the elementary particles. These elementary particles form atom and matter, which construct the galaxies. The collapse of the universe field induces the formation of the universe collapse potential (UCP) and universe collapse force (UCF), and the later is represented by four different aspects of the fundamental forces at the large or small scales. The mathematical equation and the derivation of UCP and UCF are described, and possible experimental tests are also suggested. Therefore, this new model may give a novel explanation for the unification of four fundamental forces and the origin and the evolution of the universe.
Statistical properties of density fluctuations in the atmosphere

The improvement of the parametrix method for solving the full system of the Navier-Stokes is presented. As known the fundamental solution equation is an oscillatory one. These oscillations are observed while analyzing the density evolution. Their frequency diminishes as the time grows. The approximate expression is presented for density in the neighborhood of a vortical structure. The laser beam propagation has been analyzed. The method will enable to find time average quantities. We considered the mathematical theory of the laser-schlieren technique. Experimental data on grid-generated turbulence are presented.
Norm attaining polynomials

If L ≠ 0 is a continuous symmetric n‐linear form on a Banach space and L^ is the associated continuous n‐homogeneous polynomial, the ratio ∥L∥/∥L|| always lies between 1 and nn/n! At one extreme, if L is defined on Hilbert space, then ∥L∥/∥L^∥=1 . If L attains norm on Hilbert space, then L^ also attains norm; in this case, we give an explicit construction to provide a unit vector x0 with ∥L^∥=|L^(x0)|=∥L| . At the other extreme, if ∥L∥/∥L^∥=nn/n! and L attains norm, then L^ attains norm. We prove that in general the converse is not true.