Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Empirical Approach to Monitor the Flood-Prone Regions of North India Using Sentinel-1 Images

Floods in India is among the perilous natural disasters with a high impact on its economic sectors. One of the critical factors to handle such hazardous events is monitoring the affected areas and changes in flood patterns. Flood management is a very complex issue, largely owing to the growing population and investments in flood-affected regions. Satellite images especially Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images are very useful and effective because SAR images are acquired day and night in all types of weather conditions. This research analyzes a combination of machine learning algorithms implemented on Sentinel-1A (SAR) data using supervised classification techniques to monitor the flooded areas in the North Indian region. Random Forest (RF) and the K-nearest neighbour (KNN) classification is applied to classify the different land covers such as water bodies, land, vegetation, and bare soil land covers. The outcomes of the presented work depict that the SAR data provides efficient information that helps in monitoring the flooded extents and the analysis shows that Sentinel-1 images are quite effective to detect changes in flood patterns in urban, vegetation, and regular water areas of the selected regions. The distribution of flooded areas was 16.6% and 16.8% in the respective region which is consistent with the resultant images of the proposed approach using RF and KNN classifiers. The obtained results indicate that both classifiers used in the work generate higher classification accuracy. These classifiers define the potential of multi-polarimetric SAR data in the classification of flood-affected areas. For a thorough evaluation and comparison, the RF and KNN are utilized as benchmarked classifiers. The classification accuracies based on the investigated results from the three SAR images can be improved by incorporating spatial and polarimetric features. In the future, the deep-learning classification techniques using ensemble strategies are expected to achieve an increased accuracy level with an overall classification strategy of urban and vegetation mapping.
The X-ray evolution of clusters of galaxies to z=0.9

The evolution of the X-ray luminosity function of clusters of galaxies has been measured to z=0.9 using over 150 X-ray selected clusters discovered in the WARPS survey. We find no evidence for evolution of the luminosity function at any luminosity or redshift. The observations constrain the evolution of the space density of moderate luminosity clusters to be very small, and much less than predicted by most models of the growth of structure with Omega_m=1. All the current X-ray surveys agree on this result. Several notable luminous clusters at z>0.8 have been found, including one cluster which is more luminous (and is probably more massive) than the well known MS1054 cluster.
THE SPITZER HIGH-REDSHIFT RADIO GALAXY SURVEY

We present results from a comprehensive imaging survey of 70 radio galaxies at redshifts 1 < z < 5.2 using all three cameras on board the Spitzer Space Telescope. The resulting spectral energy distributions unambiguously show a stellar population in 46 sources and hot dust emission associated with the active nucleus in 59. Using a new rest-frame S3 μm/S1.6 μm versus S5 μm/S3 μm criterion, we identify 42 sources where the rest-frame 1.6 μm emission from the stellar population can be measured. For these radio galaxies, the median stellar mass is high, 2 × 1011 M☉, and remarkably constant within the range 1 < z < 3. At z>3, there is tentative evidence for a factor of two decrease in stellar mass. This suggests that radio galaxies have assembled the bulk of their stellar mass by z ∼ 3, but confirmation by more detailed decomposition of stellar and active galactic nucleus (AGN) emission is needed. The rest-frame 500 MHz radio luminosities are only marginally correlated with stellar mass but are strongly correlated with the rest-frame 5 μm hot dust luminosity. This suggests that the radio galaxies have a large range of Eddington ratios. We also present new Very Large Array 4.86 and 8.46 GHz imaging of 14 radio galaxies and find that radio core dominance—an indicator of jet orientation—is strongly correlated with hot dust luminosity. While all of our targets were selected as narrow-lined, type 2 AGNs, this result can be understood in the context of orientation-dependent models if there is a continuous distribution of orientations from obscured type 2 to unobscured type 1 AGNs rather than a clear dichotomy. Finally, four radio galaxies have nearby (<6″) companions whose mid-IR colors are suggestive of their being AGNs. This may indicate an association between radio galaxy activity and major mergers.
Spinors and Gravity: A Reinterpretation and Extension of the Dirac Equation

A new interpretation of the Dirac equation is introduced where the Dirac matrices become dynamic fields and the keeper of geometric information. This is facilitated through the use of a bilinear, rather than a quadratic lagrangian and an auxiliary field that is a kind of dual that mirrors the evolution of the electron wavefunction. These new gravitational fields appear through a "spin 1" type of lagrangian reminiscent of electromagnetism and generate a a kind of "square root" of general relativity. This lagrangian gives a greatly enlarged gauge group so it become essential to define carefully the gauge invariant part, or "reality," of the fields. In packet form, this reality of the electron and electromagnetic fields are shown to follow geodesic motion for a metric defined by a simple quadratic function of the these gravitational Dirac matrix fields. This geometric interpretation is made possible by a Higgs-like coupling term that distinguishes gravity from electromagnetism at low energies creating the nonlinear features familiar from general relativity while allowing evolution on a flat background and giving global conservation laws.
Quandles and Lefschetz Fibrations

We show that isotopy classes of simple closed curves in any oriented surface admit a quandle structure with operations induced by Dehn twists, the Dehn quandle of the surface. We further show that the monodromy of a Lefschetz fibration can be conveniently encoded as a quandle homomorphism from the knot quandle of the base as a manifold with a codimension 2 subspace (the set of singular values) to the Dehn quandle of the generic fibre, and discuss prospects for construction of invariants arising naturally from this description of the monodromy.
Effects of parity violation on non-Gaussianity of primordial gravitational waves in Hořava-Lifshitz gravity

In this paper, we study the effects of parity violation on non-Gaussianities of primordial gravitational waves in the framework of the Hořava-Lifshitz theory of gravity, in which high-order spatial derivative operators, including the ones violating parity, generically appear. By calculating the three-point function, we find that the leading-order contributions to the non-Gaussianities come from the usual second-order derivative terms, which produce the same bispectrum as that found in general relativity. The contributions from high-order spatial nth derivative terms are always suppressed by a factor (H/M*)n-2(n≥3), where H denotes the inflationary energy and M* the suppression mass scale of the high-order spatial derivative operators of the theory. Therefore, the next leading-order contributions come from the three-dimensional gravitational Chern-Simons term. With some reasonable arguments, it is shown that this three-dimensional operator is the only one that violates the parity and in the meantime has nonvanishing contributions to non-Gaussianities.
OUR MILKY WAY AS A PURE-DISK GALAXY—A CHALLENGE FOR GALAXY FORMATION

Bulges are commonly believed to form in the dynamical violence of galaxy collisions and mergers. Here, we model the stellar kinematics of the Bulge Radial Velocity Assay (BRAVA) and find no sign that the Milky Way contains a classical bulge formed by scrambling pre-existing disks of stars in major mergers. Rather, the bulge appears to be a bar seen somewhat end-on, as hinted from its asymmetric boxy shape. We construct a simple but realistic N-body model of the Galaxy that self-consistently develops a bar. The bar immediately buckles and thickens in the vertical direction. As seen from the Sun, the result resembles the boxy bulge of our Galaxy. The model fits the BRAVA stellar kinematic data covering the whole bulge strikingly well with no need for a merger-made classical bulge. The bar in our best-fit model has a half-length of ∼4 kpc and extends 20° from the Sun–Galactic center line. We use the new kinematic constraints to show that any classical bulge contribution cannot be larger than ∼8% of the disk mass. Thus, the Galactic bulge is a part of the disk and not a separate component made in a prior merger. Giant, pure-disk galaxies like our own present a major challenge to the standard picture in which galaxy formation is dominated by hierarchical clustering and galaxy mergers.
Isoelectronic measurements yield stronger limits on hypothetical Yukawa interactions in the 40{8000 nm range

We report the results of new isoelectronic differential force measurements between a test mass and rotating source masses of Au and Si to search for new forces over the distance scale 40--8000~nm. The isoelectronic technique subtracts the otherwise dominant Casimir force at the outset and, when combined with a lock-in amplification technique, leads to an improvement by a factor of $10^{3}$ on the limit on the strength $\alpha$ of a putative force (relative to gravity) at separations $\lambda \sim 300$~nm.
Classification using the C4.5 Algorithm in Predicting Students Organizational Status Amikom University Yogyakarta

penelitian ini setelah dilakukannya pra-pemrosesan data. Dari hasil pengujian didapatkan rule atau pohon keputusan yang dapat dijadikan aturan dalam menentukan mahasiswa aktif organisasi. Nilai accuracy pada pengujian model ini dengan menggunakan cross validation menghasilkan nilai sebesar 59.27% atau dengan perbandingan data training : data testing sebesar 4 : 1 atau 80% : 20%. Abstract Participation in an organization as a college student is an important way to self-improvement. This research analyzes students' learning in an organization and whether the student is active or not active in an organization using the Decision Tree C4.5 algorithm. Attributes analyzed were out-of-campus organization, previous organization experience, public speaking, problem-solving, confidence level, and personality. From a question from propagating on October 2021, the researcher collect 203 raw data, with 167 processes ones that were used in this research. The test conducted results in a tree or the decision tree that could be used to decide how active a student is in an organization. The accuracy value of this test using cross-validation resulted in a score of 59.27% or in comparison to the data training: data testing of 4:1 or 80%: 20%.
Anomalous Field-Angle Dependence of the Specific Heat of Heavy-Fermion Superconductor UPt3

We have investigated the field-angle variation of the specific heat C(H, phi, theta) of the heavy-fermion superconductor UPt3 at low temperatures T down to 50 mK, where phi and theta denote the azimuthal and polar angles of the magnetic field H, respectively. For T = 88 mK, C(H, theta=90) increases proportionally to H^{1/2} up to nearly the upper critical field Hc2, indicating the presence of line nodes. By contrast, C(H, theta=0) deviates upward from the H^{1/2} dependence for (H/Hc2)^{1/2} > 0.5. This behavior can be related to the suppression of Hc2 along the c direction, whose origin has not been resolved yet. Our data show that the unusual Hc2 limit becomes marked only when theta is smaller than 30. In order to explore the possible vertical line nodes in the gap structure, we measured the phi dependence of C in wide T and H ranges. However, we did not observe any in-plane angular oscillation of C within the accuracy of dC/C~0.5%. This result implies that field-induced excitations of the heavy quasiparticles occur isotropically with respect to phi, which is apparently contrary to the recent finding of a twofold thermal-conductivity oscillation.
Reducing use of triple therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention: Results from a hospital‐wide quality improvement initiative

Trials have shown that for patients on oral anticoagulants (OAC), a short course of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with OAC reduces post‐percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) bleeding without increasing ischemic events. Adoption of this strategy has been variable. We evaluated the impact of an institutional quality improvement (QI) initiative to reduce the use of triple therapy (TT, OAC + DAPT) and improve discharge communication post‐PCI.
Phase-Sensitive Flux-Flow resistivity in Unconventional Superconductors

We theoretically investigate the magnetic-field-angle dependence of the flux-flow resistivity ρf in unconventional superconductors. Two contributions to ρf are considered: one is the quasiparticle (QP) relaxation time τ(kF) and the other is ω0(kF), which is a counterpart to the interlevel spacing of the QP bound states in the quasiclassical approach. Here, kF denotes the position on a Fermi surface. Numerical calculations are conducted for a line-node s-wave and a d-wave pair potential with the same anisotropy of their amplitudes, but with a sign change only for a d-wave one. We show that the field-angle dependence of ρf differs prominently between s-wave and d-wave pairs, reflecting the phase of the pair potentials. We also discuss the case where τ is constant and compare it with the more general case where τ depends on kF.
Robustness of continuous-variable entanglement via geometrical nonlinearity

We propose a scheme to generate robust stationary continuous-variable entanglement in optomechanical systems, based on geometrical nonlinearity that occurs for large mechanical displacements. Such nonlinearity is often used to correct the dynamics of the systems in the strong coupling regime. It appears that geometrical nonlinearity enhances the entanglement and shifts its maximum towards high detuning values. Using the experimental parameters, we find that such a scheme generates a very robust entanglement against thermal decoherence even at room temperature. Our results show that geometrical nonlinearity aects entanglement as the optomechanical quantum interface.
Shock Formation in a Collision of Two Plasmas with Their Relative Velocity Oblique to the Magnetic Field(Gases, plasmas, electric discharges, and beams)

Shock formation processes arising from a collision of two plasmas in an external magnetic field B 0 are studied with electromagnetic particle simulations, for the case in which one plasma (exploding plasma) has a high velocity v 0 while the other (surrounding plasma) is at rest with a lower density; the ion gyroradius for the speed v 0 is much greater than the width of the shock transition region. The ion motion across B 0 induces strong electric field in the direction - v 0 × B 0 , which accelerates the surrounding ions in this direction in the early phase. Then, the change in the velocities of the two groups of ions due to the magnetic force leads to the formation of two pulses near the front of the exploding ions, which evolve into forward and reverse shock waves. The effect of the angle θ between v 0 and B 0 on plasma behavior is examined. The two pulses appear in time of the order of the ion gyroperiod. As θ decreases from 90°, however, it takes a longer time for the two pulses to form.
MASK-CONSTRAINED SYNTHESIS OF DOMINO-LIKE TILED PHASED ARRAYS

|In this work, the mask-constrained synthesis of domino-tiled phased arrays is addressed. By exploiting tiling theorems and theory, optimal and sub-optimal methods for the synthesis of domino arrangements and the corresponding excitations that minimize the deviation of the radiation pattern from a user-de(cid:12)ned power mask are presented. A set of numerical examples, carried out with full-wave simulators and concerned with diﬀerent aperture sizes and various mask shapes, is reported to assess the eﬀectiveness, limitations, and ranges of computationally-admissible applicability of the proposed methods.
Retos y oportunidades en la accesibilidad de datos

En el área de la salud donde existe una gran variedad y cantidad de información sensible y valiosa no es explotada en su totalidad en beneficio de las personas debido a la falta de acceso a los datos. Hay varios factores que influyen en la accesibilidad de los datos a nivel de organizaciones privadas o públicas, para determinar estos factores se utilizó una revisión bibliográfica, de los 300 artículos consultados, 23 se incluyeron en esta revisión. Entre los factores resultantes que influyen en la accesibilidad de la información se destacaron: gobiernos abiertos, sistemas de información de salud, leyes de protección de datos personales, ética en el uso de la información médica y lagos de datos. Facilitar la accesibilidad a los datos de salud derivaría en una mejora de servicios y planes de tratamientos, ahorro de los estados en recursos económicos, además impulsa la educación y la investigación.
Bacterial survival in Martian conditions

We shortly discuss the observable consequences of the two hypotheses about the origin of life on Earth and Mars: the Lithopanspermia (Mars to Earth or viceversa) and the origin from a unique progenitor, that for Earth is called LUCA (the LUCA hypothesis). To test the possibility that some lifeforms similar to the terrestrial ones may survive on Mars, we designed and built two simulators of Martian environments where to perform experiments with different bacterial strains: LISA and mini-LISA. Our LISA environmental chambers can reproduce the conditions of many Martian locations near the surface trough changes of temperature, pressure, UV fluence and atmospheric composition. Both simulators are open to collaboration with other laboratories interested in performing experiments on many kind of samples (biological, minerals, electronic) in situations similar to that of the red planet. Inside LISA we have studied the survival of several bacterial strains and endospores. We verified that the UV light is the major responsible of cell death. Neither the low temperature, nor the pressure, nor the desiccation or the atmospheric changes were effective in this sense. We found that some Bacillus strains have a particular capability to survive for some hours in Martian conditions without being screened by dust or other shields. We also simulated the coverage happening on a planet by dust transported by the winds, blowing on the samples a very small quantity of volcanic ash grains or red iron oxide particles. Samples covered by these dust grains have shown a high percentage of survival, indicating that under the surface dust, if life were to be present on Mars in the past, some bacteria colonies or cells could still be present.
High-Quality Secure Wireless Transmission Scheme Using Polar Codes and Radio-Wave Encrypted Modulation

SUMMARY In recent years, physical layer security (PLS), which is based on information theory and whose strength does not depend on the eavesdropper’s computing capability, has attracted much attention. We have proposed a chaos modulation method as one PLS method that o ﬀ ers channel coding gain. One alternative is based on polar codes. They are robust error-correcting codes, have a nested structure in the encoder, and the application of this mechanism to PLS encryption (PLS-polar) has been actively studied. However, most conventional studies assume the application of conventional linear modulation such as BPSK, do not use encryption modulation, and the channel coding gain in the modulation is not achieved. In this paper, we propose a PLS-polar method that can realize high-quality transmission and encryption of a modulated signal by applying chaos modulation to a polar-coding system. Numerical results show that the proposed method improves the performance compared to the conventional PLS-polar method by 0.7dB at a block error rate of 10 − 5 . In addition, we show that the proposed method is superior to conventional chaos modulation concatenated with low-density parity-check codes, indicating that the polar code is more suitable for chaos modulation. Finally, it is demonstrated that the proposed method is secure in terms of information theoretical and computational security.
Anti-Feminism: four strategies for the demonisation and depoliticisation of feminism on Chinese social media

ABSTRACT Anti-feminism and misogyny online have intensified globally over the last decade, bringing substantive challenges to feminist identification and activism. This article explores the strategies for silencing and expelling feminists via the deployment of an anti-feminist discourse online, in response to feminism’s increasing visibility in China. Data was collected via observation of 23 influential feminist accounts on Weibo. This was bolstered by data from 10 semi-structured interviews with feminist Weibo account contributors. By applying critical discourse analysis (CDA), four strategies used to demonise feminists and depoliticise feminism online in China are identified: feminists as deviant women, as betraying the nation, as connected to Islamists, and as “fake-feminists. ” The article highlights a kind of intertwined anti-feminism that draws power from distinct features—nationalism and Islamophobia. It argues that by interlocking Chinese historical and structural conditions as well as cultural context, anti-feminism diverts public attention away from systematic gender inequality, and onto antagonisms between feminists and anti-feminists, which further restricts the discussion of intersectional oppressions that affect women’s lives.
THE INSTABILITY AND NON-EXISTENCE OF MULTI-STRANDED LOOPS WHEN DRIVEN BY TRANSVERSE WAVES

In recent years, omni-present transverse waves have been observed in all layers of the solar atmosphere. Coronal loops are often modeled as a collection of individual strands in order to explain their thermal behavior and appearance. We perform three-dimensional (3D) ideal magnetohydrodynamics simulations to study the effect of a continuous small amplitude transverse footpoint driving on the internal structure of a coronal loop composed of strands. The output is also converted into synthetic images, corresponding to the AIA 171 and 193 Å passbands, using FoMo. We show that the multi-stranded loop ceases to exist in the traditional sense of the word, because the plasma is efficiently mixed perpendicularly to the magnetic field, with the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability acting as the main mechanism. The final product of our simulation is a mixed loop with density structures on a large range of scales, resembling a power-law. Thus, multi-stranded loops are unstable to driving by transverse waves, and this raises strong doubts on the usability and applicability of coronal loop models consisting of independent strands.