Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular transmission network of pretreatment drug resistance among human immunodeficiency virus-positive individuals and the impact of virological failure on those who received antiretroviral therapy in China

Objectives We investigated the prevalence of pretreatment drug resistance (PDR), the molecular transmission network among HIV-positive individuals, and the impact of virological failure on those who received antiretroviral therapy (ART) in China. Methods Based on the World Health Organization (WHO) surveillance guidelines for PDR, a baseline survey and follow-up were conducted in 2018 and 2021, respectively. Demographic information and plasma samples were obtained from all participants. HIV pol gene region sequences were used to analyze the PDR and molecular transmission networks using the Stanford HIV database algorithm and HIV-TRACE, respectively. This study assessed the odds ratios (OR) of PDR to virological failure (viral load ≥ 50 copies/mL) after 3 years of ART using multivariable logistic regression. Results Of the 4,084 individuals, 370 (9.1%) had PDR. The prevalence of PDR to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (5.2%) was notably higher than that to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (0.7%, p < 0.001), protease inhibitors (3.0%, p < 0.001), and multidrug resistance (0.3%, p < 0.001). A total of 1,339 (32.8%) individuals from 361 clusters were enrolled in the molecular transmission network. Of the 361 clusters, 22 included two or more individuals with PDR. The prevalence of virological failure among HIV-positive individuals after 3 years of ART without PDR, those with PDR to Chinese listed drugs, and those with PDR to other drugs was 7.9, 14.3, and 12.6%, respectively. Compared with that in HIV-positive individuals without PDR, virological failure after 3 years of ART was significantly higher (OR: 2.02, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.25–3.27) and not significantly different (OR: 1.72, 95% CI: 0.87–3.43) in individuals with PDR to Chinese listed drugs and those with PDR to other drugs, respectively. Missed doses in the past month were significantly associated with virological failure (OR, 2.82; 95% CI: 4.08–5.89). Conclusion The overall prevalence of PDR was close to a high level and had an impact on virological failure after 3 years of ART. Moreover, HIV drug-resistant strains were transmitted in the molecular transmission network. These results illustrate the importance of monitoring PDR and ensuring virological suppression through drug adherence.
Luteolin induces pyroptosis in HT-29 cells by activating the Caspase1/Gasdermin D signalling pathway

Luteolin, which is a natural flavonoid, has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. Numerous studies have proven that luteolin inhibits the growth of many types of cancer cells by promoting apoptosis, autophagy, and cell cycle arrest in tumour cells. However, in vivo research on this topic has been limited. In addition, other studies have shown that luteolin exerts a good inhibitory effect on apoptosis-resistant cancer cells. While existing studies have not completely elucidated the mechanism underlying this phenomenon, we assume that luteolin, which is a natural compound that exerts its effects through various mechanisms, may have the potential to inhibit tumour growth. In our study, we proved that luteolin exerted a good inhibitory effect on the proliferation of colon cancer cells according to CCK8 and EdU fluorescence assays, and the same conclusion was drawn in animal experiments. In addition, we found that luteolin, which is an antioxidant, unexpectedly promoted oxidative stress as shown by measuring the levels of oxidative balance-related indicators, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), SOD, H2O2 and GSH. However, the decreased oxidation of luteolin-treated HT-29 cells after treatment with the active oxygen scavenger NAC did not reverse the inhibition of cell growth. However, the Caspase1 inhibitor VX765 did reverse the inhibition of cell growth. Western blotting analysis showed that luteolin treatment increased the expression of Caspase1, Gasdermin D and IL-1β, which are members of the pyroptosis signalling pathway, in colon cancer cells. We further intuitively observed NLRP3/Gasdermin D colocalization in luteolin-treated HT-29 cells and mouse tumour tissues by immunofluorescence. These results suggest that luteolin inhibits the proliferation of colon cancer cells through a novel pathway called pyroptosis. This study provides a new direction for the development of natural products that inhibit tumour growth by inducing pyroptosis.
Design And Analysis Of Mems Capacitive Shunt Type Switch For Rf Applications

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.165000 ABSTRACT RF-MEMS is a promising technology that has the potential to revolutionize RF and microwave system implementation for next generation telecommunication applications [1]. In this paper, a MEMS capacitive shunt type switch is design and analyzed for RF applications. This new switch design focuses on the failure mechanisms restriction, the simplicity in fabrication, the power handling and consumption, as well as controllability with electromagnetic characteristics. The MEMS switch is designed in both ON and OFF states. The proposed MEMS switch has dimension of 508 μm × 620 μm with a height of 500 μm and implemented on GaAs as a substrate material with relative permittivity of 12.9. The electrostatic and electromagnetic analyses of the designed RF-MEMS Switch have been performed using Ansoft High frequency structure simulator (HFSS) electromagnetic simulator tool.
Gastric DLBCL clonal evolution as function of patient age

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of NHL, accounting for about 40% of NHL cases, and is one of the most aggressive lymphomas. DLBCL is widespread in individuals aged more than 50 years old, with a maximum incidence in the seventh decade, but it may also occur in younger patients. DLBCL may occur in any immune system tissue, including those around the gastrointestinal tract, and even in the stomach, though gastric DLBCL has yet to be sufficiently investigated. This study aimed to understand changes in gastric Diffuse Large B cell lymphoma (gastric DLBCL) development with age. Immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain variable region genes were amplified from sections of nine preserved biopsies, from patients whose age varied between 25 and 89 years, sequenced and analyzed. We show first that identification of the malignant clone based on the biopsies is much less certain than was previously assumed; and second that, contrary to expectations, the repertoire of gastric B cell clones is more diverse among the elderly DLBCL patients than among the young.
Transcriptomic analysis shows that surgical treatment is likely to influence the endometrial receptivity of patients with stage III/IV endometriosis

Background Endometriosis negatively affects fertility, and it is a common disease in assisted reproductive practice. Surgical removal of endometriotic lesions is widely carried out to relieve symptoms and promote fertility. But it is not intensively investigated what changes in the secretory eutopic endometrium of patients with endometriosis after surgery. Methods Eighteen patients with stage III/IV endometriosis were included in the study, and they were divided into the untreated group and the treated group (6 vs. 12). Basic clinical data were compared, and transcriptomic data of the secretory eutopic endometrium were analyzed with DESeq2, Cytoscape, ClueGO, CluePedia, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). CIBERSORT was used to calculate the relative abundance of 22 immune cells in the samples. Results We determined 346 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using DESeq2. These DEGs were used to enrich seven Gene Ontology terms including three associated with immune processes and one correlated to prostaglandin using ClueGO and CluePedia. GSEA enriched 28 Gene Ontology terms in the treated group mainly associated with immune and blood pressure regulation process. Compared to the untreated group, the relative abundance of resting CD4+ memory T cells [0.218 (0.069, 0.334) vs. 0.332 (0.181, 0.429), P = 0.022] and the even less abundant memory B cells [0.001 (0.000, 0.083) vs. 0.033 (0.007, 0.057), P = 0.049] are significantly decreased in the treated group. Conclusion Surgical treatment of stage III/IV endometriosis influences some genes and biological processes related to endometrial receptivity, but more evidence is needed.
The dynamics of mature and emerging freshwater conservation programs

Conservation programs range from small, place-based initiatives to large, bureaucracy-heavy systems. The dynamics of these programs vary greatly. New initiatives may experience exponential growth, but participation and spending in mature programs may rise and fall in response to a number of factors. Here, we analyze historical patterns of participation and spending across five freshwater conservation programs in the United States. Our analysis highlights fundamental differences between emerging programs, which may experience exponential or logistic growth, and mature programs with slower growth, in which changes in participation may be driven by a number of internal and exogenous factors. We propose that changes in the number and spatial distribution of conservation projects are associated with four key factors: changes in legislation that open new funding streams; shifting priorities of actors; changes in the policies or management of a program that align it with new funding opportunities; and increases in individuals’ willingness to participate in a program as it grows. These programmatic shifts represent windows of opportunity for strategically reorienting conservation programs to leverage newly-available resources. Given that large, mature conservation programs support biodiversity and ecosystem services worldwide, comparison of their dynamics with those of emerging programs may reveal key opportunities for maximizing the benefits of investments in these programs.
Structural, enzymatic and spatiotemporal regulation of PP2A-B55 phosphatase in the control of mitosis

Cells require major physical changes to induce a proper repartition of the DNA. Nuclear envelope breakdown, DNA condensation and spindle formation are promoted at mitotic entry by massive protein phosphorylation and reversed at mitotic exit by the timely and ordered dephosphorylation of mitotic substrates. This phosphorylation results from the balance between the activity of kinases and phosphatases. The role of kinases in the control of mitosis has been largely studied, however, the impact of phosphatases has long been underestimated. Recent data have now established that the regulation of phosphatases is crucial to confer timely and ordered cellular events required for cell division. One major phosphatase involved in this process is the phosphatase holoenzyme PP2A-B55. This review will be focused in the latest structural, biochemical and enzymatic insights provided for PP2A-B55 phosphatase as well as its regulators and mechanisms of action.
Effect of ouabain on calcium signaling in rodent brain: A systematic review of in vitro studies

The Na+/K+-ATPase is an integral membrane ion pump, essential to maintaining osmotic balance in cells in the presence of cardiotonic steroids; more specifically, ouabain can be an endogenous modulator of the Na+/K+-ATPase. Here, we conducted a systematic review of the in vitro effects of cardiotonic steroids on Ca2+ in the brain of rats and mice. Methods: The review was carried out using the PubMed, Virtual Health Library, and EMBASE databases (between 12 June 2020 and 30 June 2020) and followed the guidelines described in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA). Results: in total, 829 references were identified in the electronic databases; however, only 20 articles were considered, on the basis of the inclusion criteria. The studies demonstrated the effects of ouabain on Ca2+ signaling in synaptosomes, brain slices, and cultures of rat and mouse cells. In addition to the well-known cytotoxic effects of high doses of ouabain, resulting from indirect stimulation of the reverse mode of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger and increased intracellular Ca2+, other effects have been reported. Ouabain-mediated Ca2+ signaling was able to act increasing cholinergic, noradrenergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission. Furthermore, ouabain significantly increased intracellular signaling molecules such as InsPs, IP3 and cAMP. Moreover treatment with low doses of ouabain stimulated myelin basic protein synthesis. Ouabain-induced intracellular Ca2+ increase may promote the activation of important cell signaling pathways involved in cellular homeostasis and function. Thus, the study of the application of ouabain in low doses being promising for application in neurological diseases. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd. york.ac. uk/prospero/display_record. php? ID=CRD42020204498, identifier CRD42020204498.
Development and validation of models for predicting the overall survival and cancer-specific survival of patients with primary vaginal cancer: A population-based retrospective cohort study

Background No models have been developed to predict the survival probability for women with primary vaginal cancer (VC) due to VC’s extreme rareness. We aimed to develop and validate models to predict the overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) of VC patients. Methods A population-based multicenter retrospective cohort study was carried out using the 2004–2018 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program database in the United States. The final multivariate Cox model was identified using the Brier score and Harrell’s C concordance statistic (C-statistic). The decision curve, calibration plot, and area under the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were used to evaluate model prediction performance. Multiple imputation followed by bootstrap was performed. Bootstrap validation covered the entire statistic procedure from model selection to baseline survival and coefficient calculation. Nomograms predicting OS and CSS were generated. Results Of the 2,417 eligible patients, 1,692 and 725 were randomly allocated to the training and validation cohorts. The median age (Interquartile range) was 66 (56–78) and 65 (55–76) for the two cohorts, respectively. Our models had larger net benefits in predicting the survival of VC patients than the American Joint Committee on Cancer stage, presenting great discrimination ability and excellent agreement between the expected and observed events. The performance metrics of our models were calculated in three cohorts: the training cohort, complete cases of the validation cohort, and the imputed validation cohort. For the OS model in the three cohorts, the C-statistics were 0.761, 0.752, and 0.743. The slopes of the calibration plots were 1.017, 1.005, and 0.959. The 3- and 5-year AUCs were 0.795 and 0.810, 0.768 and 0.771, and 0.770 and 0.767, respectively. For the CSS model in the three cohorts, the C-statistics were 0.775, 0.758, and 0.755. The slopes were 1.021, 0.939, and 0.977. And the 3- and 5-year AUCs were 0.797 and 0.793, 0.786 and 0.788, and 0.757 and 0.757, respectively. Conclusion We were the first to develop and validate exemplary survival prediction models for VC patients and generate corresponding nomograms that allow for individualized survival prediction and could assist clinicians in performing risk-adapted follow-up and treatment.
Electromagnetic Modeling by Finite Element Methods

PREFACE MATHEMATICAL PRELIMINARIES Introduction The Vector Notation Vector Derivation The Gradient The Divergence The Rotational Second-Order Operators Application of Operators to More than One Function Expressions in Cylindrical and Spherical Coordinates MAXWELL EQUATIONS, ELECTROSTATICS, MAGNETOSTATICS, AND MAGNETODYNAMIC FIELDS Introduction The EM Quantities Local Form of the Equations The Anisotropy The Approximation of Maxwell's Equations The Integral Form of Maxwell's Equations Electrostatic Fields Magnetostatic Fields Magnetodynamic Fields BRIEF PRESENTATION OF THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD Introduction The Galerkin Method - Basic Concepts A First-Order Finite Element Program Generalization of the Finite Element Method Numerical Integration Some 2D Finite Elements Coupling Different Finite Elements Calculation of Some Terms in the Field Equation A Simplified 2D Second-Order Finite Element Program THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD APPLIED TO 2D ELECTROMAGNETIC CASES Introduction Some Static Cases Application to 2D Eddy Current Problems Axi-Symmetric Application Advantages and Limitation of 2D Formulations Non-Linear Applications Geometric Repetition of Domains Thermal Problems Voltage-Fed Electromagnetic Devices Static Examples Dynamic Examples COUPLING OF FIELD AND ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT EQUATIONS Introduction Electromagnetic Equations Equations for Different Conductor Configurations Connections Between Electromagnetic Devices and External Feeding Circuits Examples MOVEMENT MODELING FOR ELECTRICAL MACHINES Introduction The Macro-Element The Moving Band The Skew Effect in Electrical Machines Using 2D Simulation Examples INTERACTION BETWEEN ELECTROMAGNETIC AND MECHANICAL FORCES Introduction Methods Based on Direct Formulations Methods Based on the Force Density Electrical Machine Vibrations Originated by Magnetic Forces Example of Coupling Between the Field and Circuit Equations, Including Mechanical Transients IRON LOSSES Introduction Eddy Current Losses Hysteresis Anomalous or Excess Losses Total Iron Losses The Jiles-Atherton Model The Inverse Jiles-Atherton Model Including Iron Losses in Finite Element Calculations BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX
Gene Expression of Human DNA Polymerase a during Cell Proliferation and the Cell Cycle

We studied the expression of the human DNA polymerase a gene during cell proliferation, during cell progression through the cell cycle, and in transformed cells compared with normal cells. During the activation of quiescent cells (Go phase) to proliferate (G,/S phases), the steady-state mRNA levels, rate of synthesis of nascent polymerase protein, and enzymatic activity in vitro exhibited a substantial and concordant increase prior to the peak of in vivo DNA synthesis. In transformed cells, the respective values were amplified greater than 10-fold. In actively growing cells separated into discrete stages of the cell cycle by counterflow elutriation or by mitotic shakeoff, levels of steady-state transcripts, translation rates, and enzymatic activities of polymerase a were constitutively and concordantly expressed at all stages of the cell cycle, with only a moderate elevation prior to the S phase and a slight decline in the G2 phase. These findings support the conclusion that the regulation of human DNA polymerase a gene expression is at the transcriptional level and strongly suggest that the regulatory mechanisms that are operative during the entrance of a cell into the mitotic cycle are fundamentally different from those that modulate polymerase a expression in continuously cycling cells. Genetic evidence suggests that during the cell cycle there are specific regulatory or restriction points in eucaryotic cells (19, 42). Once a cell passes the restriction point, it is committed to proceed through the cycle. Evidence also suggests that cellular proliferation is regulated by environ- mental signals, which are either the spatial restriction of cell-to-cell contact or appropriate extracellular growth fac- tors. The transduction of these environmental factors and how they are mediated within the cell to induce proliferation are subjects of and actin from elutriated K562 cell fractions. Histone and actin results are from RNase protection assays of 7 jig of total RNA per fraction and film exposures of 5 and 2 h, respectively. Polymerase a results are from RNase protection assays of 10 jig of total RNA per fraction and a 30-h film exposure.
and elevated ERK signaling during neonatal development in a mouse model of autism.

Autism spectrum disorder (hereafter referred to as “ASD”) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition characterized by impaired social communication and interactions, and restricted, repetitive activities or interests. Alterations in network connectivity and memory function are frequently observed in autism patients, often involving the hippocampus. How-ever, specific changes during early brain development leading to disrupted functioning remain largely unclear. Here, we investigated the development of dendritic arbor of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons in the BTBR T+tf/J (BTBR) mouse model of autism. BTBR mice display the defining behavioural features of autism, and also exhibit impaired learning and memory. We found that compared to control C57BL/6J (B6) animals, the lengths of both apical and basal dendrites were significantly greater in neonatal BTBR animals. Further, basal dendrites in the BTBR mice had higher branching complexity. In contrast, cross-sectional area of the soma was unchanged. In addition, we observed a similar density of CA1 pyramidal neurons and thickness of the neuronal layer between the two strains. Thus, there was a specific, compartmentalized overgrowth of dendrites during early development in the BTBR animals. Biochemical analysis further showed that the extracellular signal-regu-lated kinases (ERK) pathway was up-regulated in the hippocampus
EconPol Europe_Working Paper_Europe at the Interdependence War_Vol1_September 2017

The EMU has been founded on the exclusive national responsibility doctrine, except for monetary sovereignty devolved to a single central bank. This foundation had (and still has) complex political motivations, but it is in overt contradiction with the fundamental fact that creating a highly integrated economic system also creates strong interdependent linkages among the partner countries. These impair the notion of national responsibility, and make the "country-by-country" approach of the EMU policies dramatically harmful. In this paper I treat the two main dimensions of interdependence in the EMU, economic (section 2) and financial (section 3), and the first-order policy mistakes that have arisen ignoring them. * Roberto Tamborini: Università di Trento, Trento, roberto.tamborini@unitn.it
GENES AND ORAL CANCER: A REVIEW

Carcinogenesis is a complex, multistep process in which genetic events within cell transduction pathways governing normal cellular physiology are quantitatively or qualitatively altered. It is a multistage process involving gene, or epigenetic damage in susceptible cells that gain a selective growth advantage and undergo clonal expansion as a result of activation of proto oncogene or inactivation of tumor suppressor gene or both. Multiple genetic events culminate in carcinogenesis, however, not all genetic events occur in all squamous oral carcinomas and similar genetic alterations may occur at different times in the process of carcinogenesis.
Utilization Loom for Resource Distribution on Cloud Computing

: Combinatorial auction is a popular loom for resource distribution in cloud computing. One of the challenges in resource distribution is that QoS (Quality of Service) constraints are satisfied and provider’s profit is maximized. In order to increase the profit, the penalty cost for SLA (Service Level Agreement) violations needs to be reduced. We consider execution time constraint as SLA constraint in combinatorial auction system. In the system, we determine winners at each bidding round according to the job’s urgency based on execution time deadline, in order to efficiently allocate resources and reduce the penalty cost. To analyze the performance of our mechanism, we compare the provider’s profit and success rate of job completion with conventional mechanism using real workload data.