Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Colorectal schistosomiasis: Is it still endemic in delta Egypt, early in the third millennium?

Background: Several governmental efforts have been exerted toward controlling schistosomiasis during the last decades in Egypt. This work was designed to study the prevalence of colorectal schistosomiasis in patients with different gastrointestinal symptoms. Materials and Methods: Patients presented to the gastroenterology unit with different gastrointestinal symptoms were endoscopically examined, where three to six tiny biopsies were taken from those with visible, suspected schistosomal lesions for histopathological examination and two additional rectal biopsies were taken from the apparently normal colonic mucosa. Form each patient, at least three stool samples were examined by the formal-ether concentration method for schistosoma ova. Results: Colonic abnormalities were detected in 510 out of 984 patients presented with different gut symptoms. Schistosoma mansoni was detected in 205 patients (180 males, 25 females) with an age range (18-65years). Six patients only had schistosomal polyps and excised successfully by snare polypectomy. The squash technique established the diagnosis of schistosomiasis in all endoscopically normal 118 (50.75%) cases by demonstrating the schistosomiasis ova and their associated histopathological findings showed no or minimal reaction in 96 (46.82%) cases and variable degrees of submucosal granulomata in the remaining cases. Stool examination detected the schistosomiasis ova in 25 (9.83%) patients only of the biopsy-positive cases. Conclusions: Our data revealed that despite governmental efforts, the prevalence of colorectal schistosomiasis (20.83%) is significant among patients with gut symptoms. Gaps in health care services should be detected and filled appropriately.
Measurement of Leaf Hydraulic Conductance and Stomatal Conductance and Their Responses to Irradiance and Dehydration Using the Evaporative Flux Method (EFM)

Water is a key resource, and the plant water transport system sets limits on maximum growth and drought tolerance. When plants open their stomata to achieve a high stomatal conductance (gs) to capture CO2 for photosynthesis, water is lost by transpiration1,2. Water evaporating from the airspaces is replaced from cell walls, in turn drawing water from the xylem of leaf veins, in turn drawing from xylem in the stems and roots. As water is pulled through the system, it experiences hydraulic resistance, creating tension throughout the system and a low leaf water potential (Ψleaf). The leaf itself is a critical bottleneck in the whole plant system, accounting for on average 30% of the plant hydraulic resistance3. Leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf = 1/ leaf hydraulic resistance) is the ratio of the water flow rate to the water potential gradient across the leaf, and summarizes the behavior of a complex system: water moves through the petiole and through several orders of veins, exits into the bundle sheath and passes through or around mesophyll cells before evaporating into the airspace and being transpired from the stomata. Kleaf is of strong interest as an important physiological trait to compare species, quantifying the effectiveness of the leaf structure and physiology for water transport, and a key variable to investigate for its relationship to variation in structure (e.g., in leaf venation architecture) and its impacts on photosynthetic gas exchange. Further, Kleaf responds strongly to the internal and external leaf environment3. Kleaf can increase dramatically with irradiance apparently due to changes in the expression and activation of aquaporins, the proteins involved in water transport through membranes4, and Kleaf declines strongly during drought, due to cavitation and/or collapse of xylem conduits, and/or loss of permeability in the extra-xylem tissues due to mesophyll and bundle sheath cell shrinkage or aquaporin deactivation5-10. Because Kleaf can constrain gs and photosynthetic rate across species in well watered conditions and during drought, and thus limit whole-plant performance they may possibly determine species distributions especially as droughts increase in frequency and severity11-14. We present a simple method for simultaneous determination of Kleaf and gs on excised leaves. A transpiring leaf is connected by its petiole to tubing running to a water source on a balance. The loss of water from the balance is recorded to calculate the flow rate through the leaf. When steady state transpiration (E, mmol • m-2 • s-1) is reached, gs is determined by dividing by vapor pressure deficit, and Kleaf by dividing by the water potential driving force determined using a pressure chamber (Kleaf= E /- Δψleaf, MPa)15. This method can be used to assess Kleaf responses to different irradiances and the vulnerability of Kleaf to dehydration14,16,17.
Study of data acquisition and communication equipment for micro-grid system

Recently power systems reduce the use of the fossil fuel and use environment friendly resources. Specially, power systems have more Distributed Generation, which installs near the consumer, increasingly. The resources of Distributed Generation are more clean and economical than conventional generation and fit into the variable power demand. Generally, Distributed Generator installs in consumer or near consumer for reducing transmission cost. The large-scale Distributed Generators connect with Power Company, and supplies electrical power energy to consumer via power grid. On the contrary, small-scale renewable energy resources in consumer side can supply the electrical power to the local consumer and other consumers, which connect with power system. The change of the power system configuration needs for development of the equipment that controls and/or monitoring the power system. There are too many efforts in development of the monitor and control the power system. From these results lead to develop the EMS (Energy Management System) and SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) system. Nevertheless, these systems are too huge and too expensive to install in consumer side that works with small-scale renewable energy source. From that reason, it is need that develop a small size and inexpensive equipment that role of EMS or SCADA. In this paper describes development process of the inexpensive monitoring equipment that works with Distributed Generator at consumer side, and shows validity of measuring data. The roles of developed equipment is measuring voltage/current and storing measured data into hard disk drives in the general PC via USB communication. Further, that is calculating active/reactive power and detecting abnormal conditions and communicates with a higher control system.
The Long and Short of Tamoxifen Therapy: A Review of the ATLAS Trial

Review of "Long term effects of continuing adjuvant tamoxifen to 10 years versus stopping at 5 years after diagnosis of oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer: ATLAS, a randomised trial" by Davies et al. (2013), Lancet, 381, 805–816. For another perspective on the ATLAS trial, please see the article on randomization and adjusting for covariates by Dustin Dickerson starting on page 61.
The winding road to quantum gravity

GENERAL relativity and quantum theory are among the greatest intellectual achievements of the 20th century. Each of them has profoundly altered the conceptual fabric that underlies our understanding of the physical world. Furthermore, each has been successful in describing the physical phenomena in its own domain to an astonishing degree of accuracy. And yet, they offer us strikingly different pictures of physical reality. Indeed, at first one is surprised that physics could keep progressing blissfully in the face of so deep a conflict. The reason is that phenomena for which both theories are essential occur at the Planck scale and the values of fundamental constants in our universe conspire to make the Planck length Pl = G®/c ~ 10 cm truly minute and Planck energy EPl = ®c/G ~ 10 19 Gev absolutely enormous compared to laboratory scales. Thanks to this coincidence, we can happily maintain a schizophrenic attitude and use the precise, geometric picture of reality offered by general relativity while dealing with cosmological and astrophysical phenomena, and the quantum-mechanical world of chance and intrinsic uncertainties while dealing with atomic and subatomic particles. Clearly, this strategy is quite appropriate as a practical stand. But it is highly unsatisfactory from a conceptual viewpoint. Everything in our past experience in physics tells us that the two pictures we currently use must be approximations, special cases that arise as appropriate limits of a grander theory. That theory must therefore represent a synthesis of general relativity and quantum mechanics. This would be the quantum theory of gravity. The burden on this theory is huge: Not only should it correctly describe all the known gravitational processes, but it should also adequately handle the Planck regime. This is the theory that we invoke when faced with phenomena, such as the big bang and the final state of black holes, where the Planck scale is reached and worlds of general relativity and quantum mechanics unavoidably meet. It may come as a surprise that the necessity of a quantum theory of gravity was pointed out by Einstein already in 1916 – barely a year after the discovery of general relativity. In a paper in the Preussische Akademie Sitzungsberichte, he wrote:
t-Closeness through Microaggregation : Strict Privacy with Enhanced Utility Preservation in Sensitive Micro data

The preservation of privacy of distributed micro data is basic to keep the sensitive data of people from being disclosed. Many privacy models are used for ensuring the privacy of micro data. Micro aggregation is a strategy for disclosure restraint went for securing the security of information subjects in micro data discharges . It has been utilized as another option to generalization as well as suppression to create kunidentified datasets, where the character of every subject is covered up inside a gathering of k subjects. Not like the generalization, micro aggregation annoys the information and this extra concealing flexibility permits enhancing information usefulness in few courses, such as, rising information granularity, decreasing the consequence of outliers, and maintaining a strategic distance from the discretization of information. Kanonymity, taking place the opposite side, doesn’t secure against field exposure, which happens if the changeability of secure fields in a gathering of k subjects is too little. In this paper, the conservation of privacy of micro data discharged in health care service systems is engaged through micro aggregation by utilizing tcloseness which is a more adaptable privacy model guaranteeing strictest security. Previous algorithms used to create t-close datasets depend on generalization and suppression. This paper proposes, how micro aggregation useful in healthcare service systems to produce t-close datasets using k-anonymous data. Micro aggregation algorithm is presented for t-close datasets using k-anonymous data, and the purposes of micro aggregation are analyzed.
Growth Rate Evaluation of the Alcyonacean Soft Coral Sinularia polydactyla (Ehrenberg, 1834) at Hurghada, Northern Red Sea, Egypt

Growth rate of Sinularia polydactyla has been studied to determine the changes of surface area using 2D method as modified method for measuring growth increasing. The measurements indicate to that restricted and slow growth rates in the big samples under the variable oceanographic conditions. Summer recorded the highest rates of growth. The mean growth rate of the biggest colonies recorded 51.83±4.90mm 2 while the small colonies recorded 20.8±6.25 mm 2 in summer. On contrary, autumn showed the lowest and restricted rates during. The annual growth reached 116.28±10.57 and 33.78±12.45mm 2 /y in the big and small colonies respectively. The growth ratio in relation to the original colonies size appears to grow with a relatively faster ratio in the small colonies (9.73±1.62% with a range of 6.67-12.68%) than the elder one (5.79±0.34% with a range of 4.37-6.72%). The temperature changes, gonads and gametes maturation, sedimentation rates are major controlling factors affect the growth rates. ANOVA Bivariate correlation illustrated a positive relationship (without significant difference) between the growth and temperature (oC) (at P=0.38 and R 2 =0.62). By comparing the present study and the available growth data of Sinularia sp. , we found that, the annual growth of S. polydactyla is higher (116.28±10.57 - 33.78±12.45mm 2 /yr) than the previous studies. Keywords: Growth Rate Sinularia polydactyla , Hurghada, Red Sea
Gender Differences in Spinal Morphological Attributes among Young Adults: A Preliminary Study

There is limited information regarding gender differences in spinal morphological attributes among healthy young adults although alterations have been reported to influence postural changes, mainly with forward-bending and extension postures . The aim of this preliminary study was to examine gender differences in spinal morphological attributes of lumbar extensor muscles that includes its muscle fibre angles, thickness, endurance and thoracolumbar curvature among young adults. N ineteen male and 26 female healthy young adults (aged 21-24 years) matched for age, body mass index and physical activity levels participated in this preliminary study. Fibre angles and thicknesses of lumbar extensor muscles were examined using ultrasonography. Lumbar extensor muscle endurance and thoracolumbar curvatures were assessed using Sorenson’s test and a flexible ruler respectively. Paired t-test showed a significant mean difference (p< 0.01 ) between the right and left fibre angles. However, no significant mean difference (p= 0.50 ) was found between the right and left muscle thickness. Results of independent t-test showed a significant difference (p< 0.01 ) in muscle thickness between males and females. No significant differences were shown in right fibre angle (p= 0.12 ), left fibre angle (p= 0.89 ), muscle endurance (p= 0.46 ), thoracic curvature (p= 0.76 ) and lumbar curvature (p= 0.06 ) between genders. There were no gender differences in spinal morphological attributes except for lumbar extensor muscle thickness in young adults age between 21 to 24 . This study data may be useful as an initial reference norm of spinal morphological attributes among young adults. Further studies may be required to examine the factors that may influence changes in spinal morphological attributes among healthy adults. DOI : http://dx.doi. org. /10.17576/JSKM-2018-1602-15
Advocacy Impact Evaluation

dvocacy and policy change evaluations focus on policy as the unit of analysis rather than the more traditional program or project. There is growing interest in this form of evaluation as evidenced by a new American Evaluation Association Topical Interest Group with this focus. (See http://www.eval.org/ aboutus/organization/tigs.asp.) Julia Coffman (2007) began her important article “What’s Different About Evaluating Advocacy and Policy Change? ” by noting what’s not different. I want to reaffirm her perspective. Advocacy evaluation, like all evaluation, is guided by the profession’s Principles and Standards. Advocacy evaluation can be, and I believe should be, utilization-focused (Patton, 2007). That means focusing the evaluation on intended use by intended users, and evaluating the evaluation by that standard.
A prospective study on building quality : enforcement of control in the Australian housing industry

The Australian housing industry is beset with quality issues with repeated building defects causing problems with customer satisfaction and housing performance. These defects are caused by a combination of initial poor workmanship and poor quality materials and subsequently by poorly executed or inadequate maintenance. These poor work practices increase the cost and maintenance of housing. The waste and rectification work generated by such practices means that the housing industry generally is not engaged with sustainability. Building Control is part of achieving quality of building output. Whilst the Australian Building Code has regulations for initial-build material quality and workmanship, there is no continuing control and effective enforcement over a house over its life span. Sustainability is not dealt with as a topic at all in the Building Code with only energy efficiency concerns regulated. Inadequate knowledge transfer, to the mainly small builders who produce the majority of Australia’s housing, is seen to be a key issue. Mechanisms to make the transfer of knowledge to those who need to use it need to be improved. Building regulations, for example, could be more visual and accessible in their content and small builders should be encouraged to update their knowledge and skills. This comparative research will guide industry service providers in improving their performance and suggest how overall housing quality can be improved (thereby reducing wasteful practices), by considering more appropriate mechanisms for knowledge transfer among industry service providers in the Australian housing industry.
3 Searching the Internet of Things

Despite the huge success of Web search engines, searching the Web is far from being a solved problem (e.g. see [64] by Yahoo! Search). However, the information needs of the searchers are increasingly ‘time-sensitive’ – about events happening now – and/or ‘local’ – where the user’s location has some geographical bearing on the content that is relevant to their information need(s). For instance, events that are happening now or recently may have an impact upon the searching behaviour of users. Indeed, a search engine can detect a power cut in New York within seconds, based on the querying behaviour of mobile and nearby users [30]. However, while a Web search engine can retrieve many forms of online information, it can only sense realworld events through their impact on the online world (e.g. news stories, tweets, increased query volume). In this chapter, we describe how real-world information needs can be better addressed by search engines through harnessing sensing infrastructures, including those from the Internet of Things (IoT). Indeed, the introduction of IoT sensors within the search engine provides more responsive/timely information than existing evidence sources, such as Web or social streams, as illustrated in Figure 3.1. For instance, by considering IoT sensor outputs such as real-time rain levels, a search engine can produce a more customised answer to queries such as “what is the current weather at JFK airport? ”. Furthermore, information needs such as “what is happenning near me? ” (local event retrieval) can be better answered by fusing social media trend data (also known as social sensing) with physical sensor observations. For example, a
SPARC-based VLIW testbed

The performance of very long instruction word (VLIW) microprocessors depends on the close co-operation between the compiler and the architecture. To design a high-performance VLIW a testbed is required that allows detailed co-evaluation of both compilation techniques and architectural features. The paper introduces a new VLIW testbed based on the SPARC instruction set architecture, which includes an aggressive scheduling compiler and a fast VLIW simulator. The compiler takes gcc-generated optimised SPARC code as input and generates parallelised VLIW code, targeting advanced VLIW architectures. The compiler can generate high-performance VLIW code, especially for non-numerical integer programs. The VLIW code is translated into a dedicated C program for fast and simple compiled simulation which generates detailed data for performance. The authors have performed a comprehensive empirical study on the testbed for both large-resource and small-resource machines. The result shows that as much as a geometric mean of fourfold speedup is obtainable on nontrivial integer benchmarks without using branch probability when performing speculative code motion. Also analysed are the characteristics of the useful and useless ALU operations in each cycle to see how the speedup is obtained. The analysis indicates that around half of the useful ALUs execute speculative instructions whose original paths are taken (thus being "hit"), yet a substantial number of ALUs are also wasted owing to useless speculative execution or copy execution.
De-constructing the case studies

Information governance, a multidisciplinary framework that businesses can employ to encourage appropriate action and behaviour with regard to how information is valued, managed and used by the organisation, may seem like a daunting concept for businesses of all sizes and areas of operation but its principles sit at the heart of a practical and effective approach to information risk management. Information governance is about understanding what information you hold, where you hold it and what its value is – to you, your employees, your customers and your competitors – how it moves through the business and where it is most vulnerable. It’s about making sure information management and risk are on the board agenda and are backed by empowered and suitably resourced multi-functional teams. It is clear from the research that, while many organisations have developed policies and may have emerging governance capabilities, there has been insufficient action in the business to drive the necessary risk assessments and controls design and monitoring that is needed for effective information governance. While this article has focused on risks, it is important to remember that, in defining requirements, management have the opportunity to use governance to drive improvement and to identify information needs for the future. Questions need to be asked to enable organisations to do what they can’t do now and seize the opportunities in the digital economy – for example, ‘if we had this information, could we make that strategic decision? ’ This is the upside of governance. Engage with key business stakeholders in developing an information management strategy that can support growth of and promote an open/sharing culture while maintaining a level of protection over important information assets. Security of information is key within any organisation, but alongside mitigating risks, it’s imperative to ensure that value is derived from the information at hand.
Optimizing constrainted concurrent applications at run-time

Computer systems are resource constrained. Application adaptation is a useful way to optimize system resource usage while satisfying an application’s performance requirements. Current multicore computer systems supporting these applications, however, are not designed to reliably meet these requirements. Meanwhile, these computer systems are resource-limited, e.g., have power-induced energy and thermal constraints. Compounding the application’s performance requirements are increasingly-stringent microprocessor thermal constraints. Previous application adaptation efforts, however, were ad-hoc, time-consuming, and highly application-specific, with limited portability between computer systems. This thesis presents OCCAM, a software platform for developing multicore adaptable applications. OCCAM’s design-time platform consists of design patterns, APIs, and data structures that allow application developers to specify the performance constraints and application-specific optimization techniques. OCCAM generates a run-time controller offline, using profiling data. It then uses this profiling data to generate an internal model that it subsequently employs to generate a robust Markov Decision Process-based Model Predictive Controller. Using a set of Recognition, Mining, and Synthesis benchmarks, the experimental study demonstrates that OCCAM can successfully optimize the system while meeting the systems performance requirements across a wide range of computer platforms, ranging from an energy-constrained single-core system to a high-performance 16-core system. Finally, OCCAM presents a simulation-based, stochastic model checking-based framework for quantifying the robustness of the controller.