Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Erosion Control Structures in Reducing Soil Loss on Skid Trails

Forest operations can lead to increased runoff and soil loss on roads and skid trails. Best management practices (BMPs) aim to minimize erosion and water quality problems, but the efficacies of various BMP options such as water bars are not well documented. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different densities of water diversion structures (water bars) on runoff volume and soil loss on different skid trail gradients on two soils with different textures in the Shenrood forest, Guilan province, northern Iran. The treatments included combinations of four densities of water bars (1, 2, 3 or 6 water bars per 150 m length of skid trail section [overland trail]), on two levels of trail gradient (≤20% and >20%) and two soil textures (clay loam and silt loam). Average runoff volume and soil loss per m2 of skid trail surface area were significantly greater (P≤0.05) on silt loam than on clay loam textured soils, and on slope gradients >20% (23–28%) than on gradients ≤20% (5–13%). Average runoff volume increased, and average soil loss decreased significantly (P≤0.05) with increasing density of water bars on both gradients and on both soil textures. On both soil textures, the lowest surface runoff volumes were observed with one water bar and the greatest volumes with six water bars installed. In contrast, the smallest amount of soil loss on both soil textures was observed with six water bars, and the greatest soil loss when only one water bar was installed. The installation of additional water bars led to significant differences in both responses at each level of density and led to reductions in soil loss of 77%, 57% and 27% in the clay loam, and 79%, 60% and 30% in the silt loam soil compared to the single water bar treatment. The reduced soil loss per unit of surface runoff volume is likely due to the reduced velocity of surface water runoff in the skid trail. The greater density of water bars appears to effectively divert more but slower flowing water from the skid trail, leading to reduced soil loss. While additional water bars thus better meet the objective of BMPs to minimize soil loss, managers need to balance the cost of the construction of additional water bars against the ecological benefits of reduced soil loss. An investment into additional water bars may be worthwhile if the additional structures are able to divert surface runoff more effectively to nearby vegetation and reduce the input of soil from skid trails to streams, thereby preventing the loss of water quality of these streams.
Influencing Factors of Post-operative Fragmented QRS Complex and Its Relationship with Myocardial Perfusion and short-term Prognosis in Patients with Acute ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction*

摘要目的:探讨急性 ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者术后碎裂 QRS波(fQRS)的影响因素,分析其与心肌灌注及短期预后的 关系。 方法:选取上海中医药大学附属曙光医院宝山分院于 2017年 4月~2019年 4月期间收治的 108例 STEMI患者的临床资 料行回顾性研究,术后均行 12导联心电图检查,根据有无 fQRS,分成 fQRS组(n=52),非 fQRS组(n=56)。 比较两组临床资料,经 单因素及多因素 Logistic回归分析明确患者术后 fQRS的影响因素。 比较两组心肌灌注情况,心肌灌注采用心肌呈色分级法 (MBG)进行分析。 随访 1年,分析患者主要不良心血管事件发生率,包括心力衰竭、心绞痛、心源性死亡、心源性休克,用于评价短 期预后。 结果:单因素分析提示,年龄、冠脉血管病变支数、Gensini评分、心绞痛发作至血管开通时间与术后 fQRS有关(P<0.05)。 多因素 Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、冠脉血管病变支数、Gensini评分、心绞痛发作至血管开通时间为术后 fQRS的影响因素(P< 0.05)。 fQRS组MBG 3级占比为 46.15%,显著低于非 fQRS组的 76.79%(P<0.05)。 fQRS组不良心血管事件发生率为 26.92%,显 著高于非 fQRS组的 10.71%(P<0.05)。 结论:STEMI患者术后 fQRS发生的影响因素包括年龄、冠脉血管病变支数、Gensini评分 以及心绞痛发作至血管开通时间,且术后 fQRS可预测心肌灌注情况及增加不良心血管事件发生率。 关键词:心肌梗死;ST段抬高;碎裂 QRS波;心肌灌注;心血管事件 中图分类号:R542.22;R540.41 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1673-6273(2021)07-1261-05
THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. PART III (NON-EXAMINABLE): DECISION PROBLEMS IN GROUP THEORY

References 2 0. INTRODUCTION 3 0.1. Shorthand conventions 4 1. COMPUTABILITY THEORY 5 1.1. Turing machines 5 1.2. Partial computable and partial recursive functions 6 1.3. Encodings 9 1.4. Church-Turing thesis 10 1.5. Computable and incomputable sets 11 1.6. The s-m-n theorem and Kleene’s recursion theorem 14 1.7. Reductions 15 1.8. Rice’s theorem 16 1.9. Degrees 18 1.10. Modular machines 20 1.11. Minsky machines 23 2. GROUP THEORY PRELIMINARIES 25 2.1. Free groups 25 2.2. Group presentations 27 2.3. Semigroups 29 2.4. Amalgamated products and HNN extensions 30 2.5. Good subgroup theorems for HNN extensions 33 2.6. The word problem 35 2.7. Maps and homomorphisms 39 3. SIMULATING MACHINES DIRECTLY IN GROUPS 41 3.1. A finitely presented semigroup with unsolvable word problem 41 3.2. A finitely presented group with unsolvable word problem 43 3.3. The Higman embedding theorem 48 3.4. Strictly preserving degrees 55 4. MORE EMBEDDING THEOREMS 57 4.1. The Adian-Rabin construction 57 4.2. Markov properties 59 4.3. Subgroup membership problem 60 4.4. Universality 62 4.5. The algebraic characterisation of the word problem 64 4.6. Degrees of various incomputable problems 65
Design, Implementation and Evaluation of Core/Periphery-based Network-oriented Mixed Reality Services

Many new network-oriented services have been developed in recent years, and Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) has been standardized to improve the responsiveness of services. When deploying services in a MEC environment, it is necessary to consider a service structure that can flexibly switch service behaviors to meet various user requests and that can change service behaviors according to the real-world environment at a low implementation cost. In this paper, we introduce a core/periphery structure for service components, which is known as a model for flexible behavior in biological systems, and design and implement a network-oriented mixed reality service based on this structure. We investigate what kinds of functions should be developed to accommodate user requests in conjunction with various types of devices and real-world environments in which users and devices are located. To utilize the flexibility of a core/periphery structure, we regard core functions as those whose behaviors remain unchanged even when there are changes in user requests or the environment. In contrast, peripheral functions are those whose behaviors can change under such circumstances. Experiments reveal that implementation costs are reduced while retaining increases in service response time to less than 31 ms. These results show that taking advantage of a core/periphery structure allows appropriate division of service functions and placement of functions in a MEC environment, with only small penalties on latency and at a low implementation cost.
THE CHOICES OF MARKETING POLICIES MADE BY ENERGY COMPANIES Work in progress

New two hour schedule tariffs were introduced on 1 st July 2010 by AEEG. They distinguish use of electric energy between night and daylight hours and Sundays and public holidays, creating three different price bands (F1, F2, F3), thus eliminating one hour schedule tariff for the highest protection customers. This study is proposed to understand the basic research problem “How much Italian energy companies have implemented relationship marketing and what are the characteristics of their marketing policies”. We suggest this approach increases competition which is the aim of liberalisation processes. In fact, according to the principle of the “conservation of relationship energy”, an Uppsala model, relationship energy cannot be destroyed and it can only be transformed and transferred to other relationships, manifesting itself in a variety of ways. So if relationship marketing is better implemented switching increases but trade relationships can be reactivated at a later time by social links which continue during the time. To answer that question we compare the data of two recent researches that analyze switching energy supplier in Italy and the UK. Furthermore, to explain the characteristcs of marketing policies, we are based on the data of an other research on customer satisfaction with Italian services.
Improved resource governance through transparency: Evidence from Mongolia

Transparency and accountability initiatives have emerged as a potential solution to combat corruption and increase public benefits from the extractive sector in resource-abundant countries. The Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) is one such initiative, through which 49 resource-rich countries have disclosed a cumulative 282 fiscal years of government revenues amounting to US$1.9 trillion since 2003. This paper explores the potential for promised benefits of increased disclosure to be realized, in the form of improved resource governance. Building on the social accountability literature, a framework is proposed and then applied to the Mongolian context to examine which stages of the framework work well, and which fail to perform. Two types of contracts are analyzed, water usage agreements and community benefit-sharing agreements. Although Mongolia is recognized as a leading performer by international EITI standards, the analysis concludes that the framework’s latter stages from disclosure to improved resource governance are incomplete. The policy implication is that greater attention to mobilization and citizen empowerment is needed to ensure that contract transparency can meaningfully contribute towards improved governance.
A Python based Virtual Assistant using Raspberry Pi for Home Automation

The main aim of the work is to develop an economically effective and performance wise efficient virtual assistant using Raspberry Pi for home automation based on the concepts of Internet of Things, Speech Recognition, Natural Language Processing and Artificial Intelligence. People who are using it can give voice inputs and the device itself responds through voice commands by itself. It can fetch the date, time, weather, play your favourite music and fetch search results from the internet along with controlling the home appliances. NodeMCU chips are used to control the appliances which receives the command from the Raspberry Pi. The Raspberry Pi processes the speech inputs online given by the user through the mic and converts it into text and executes the command. The whole project is put in action through a python script which includes online Speech to Text conversion and Text to Speech conversion codes written. The NodeMCU is coded separately using the Arduino IDE to make it control the appliances and allow it to be accessed through its IP address. The device will respond to the user in a casual manner so that the user has a friendly experience with the device and feels it like his or her own assistant. This device makes the day by day processes easier.
Weakly supervised individual ganglion cell segmentation from adaptive optics OCT images for glaucomatous damage assessment: supplement

SOMAYYEH SOLTANIAN-ZADEH,1 KAZUHIRO KUROKAWA,2 ZHUOLIN LIU,3 FURU ZHANG,3 OSAMAH SAEEDI,4 DANIEL X. HAMMER,3 DONALD T. MILLER,2 AND SINA FARSIU1,5,∗ 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA 2School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA 3Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH), U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, USA 4Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA 5Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA ∗Corresponding author: sina.farsiu@duke.edu
Face Recognition in Digital Images using Kmeans Clustering

This paper presents a method of recognizing facial regions in digital images through the use of the Kmeans Clustering algorithm [1]. Training data used in clustering is extracted from color-segmented [2] images in which there are an arbitrary number of facial regions with arbitrary size, fa-cial-pose, resolution and lighting conditions. Kmeans is one of many methods of classifying data for automated decision-making, but is shown here as one that is viable for use in face recognition.
Trial and Adoption: Understanding Demand Drivers for New Products in a Mature, Non-Durable Category

The high failure rate of new product in consumer packaged goods (CPGs) makes understanding the driving factors behind new product adoption of great importance to both market researchers and product managers. Using the beer industry in the US as a representative category, we examine the factors that drive the two key consumer decisions pertaining to new product adoption, i.e., trial and repeat purchase. In particular, we examine and distinguish how consumers react to marketing mix variables of the product in each of two stages of new product adoption. We estimate a two-stage probit model using Nielsen scanner panel data for the beer category. We find that marketing mix variables are the most important determinant (relative to consumer characteristics) of consumer trial decisions, but their impact declines in the adoption stage. Consumers’ past purchase behaviors are significant predictors in both stages. We further show how managers can utilize such information to design customized target pricing based on consumer past purchase behavior and demographics to increase the sales of the new product.
MEASUREMENT OF LOCALIZED FAILURE PLANES IN SOIL WITH TIME DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY

This paper presents the development plan for a TDR-based metallic coaxial antenna cable system to locate failure planes in soil. The system depends upon affixing a compliant coaxial cable in a borehole to the surrounding soil mass with a compliant grout in a manner similar to that used for rock deformation systems. The problems in designing such a device are twofold: first, an extremely flexible cable with a low shear resistance needs to be designed and manufactured; second, the compliant grout and a grout placement scheme must be developed. After a brief introduction to previous techniques for field measurements of strain localization, this paper describes the expected soil-grout interaction and the details of the anticipated design of the cable and grout.
Understanding Defensive Equity

The outperformance of simulated defensive equity portfolios during the global credit crisis and during the recent turmoil in European financial markets has highlighted the potential benefit of avoiding concentrating risks in securities with the highest sensitivity to market fluctuations. By over-weighting safer securities and under-weighting risky ones, defensive equity strives to reduce sensitivity to market movements – seeking long-term benchmark-like returns with lower volatility.
HMMR  is a prognostic-related biomarker of p ancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma  and promotes the development of  p ancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Neng Tang Xiangya Hospital Central South University Department of General Surgery Xiaolin Dou Xiangya Hospital Central South University Department of General Surgery Xing You Xiangya Hospital Central South University Department of General Surgery Zhenglin Ou Xiangya Hospital Central South University Department of General Surgery Yaxin Zhao Xiangya Hospital Central South University Department of General Surgery Guodong Liu (  guodongliu@csu.edu.cn ) Xiangya Hospital Central South University https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1922-2538
Multi Object Detection in Vehicle for Accident Prevention and Safety Assistance using Embedded System - Implementation Paper

— T he aim of this project is to develop a road safety options in cars to avoid collision with a vehicle or AN obstacle on the method. Timely detection of alternative objects within the neck of the woods is of utmost importance to stop accidents and potential loss of human life, traffic jams particularly in craggy areas with hair pins bends and reduced visibility condition in dense foggy areas. The Embedded system within the automotive would be capable of detective work varied objects round the automotive which can facilitate the motive force to drive safely in poor weather. system carries with it completely different good sensors akin to frequency, unbearable sensors which can determine the nearer objects . The show system with within the automotive can show the near automotive inside region of frequency whenever any obstacle can enter to nominative car safe zone then device can alert the motive force to require action over it. If the obstacle is within the front then the microcontroller can communicate inside system and alert driver if any factor enters to safe zone and conjointly fog affects visibility, the sensors would acknowledge another automotive and alert the motive force of any dangers that lie ahead, giving the motive force enough time to weigh down, permitting him to flee from what may are a nasty accident.
Enhancing Employees’ Organizational Commitment with Perceived Organizational Justice and Organizational Learning Culture in an Indian Healthcare Sector

[Abstract] The research paper empirically explores the power of Perceived organizational Justice and organizational Learning Culture on employees’ organizational commitment. The investigation was initiated in Indian private hospitals of Delhi-NCR with a capacity of over 300 workers. In this research, the terms health professionals, work force, and human resources are applied, involving physicians, nurses, and paramedics. From a total 630 distributed questionnaire among health professionals, the researcher retrieved 500 valid responses that were employed for analyzing the constructs. The information has been analyzed by using descriptive analysis and inferential statistics. The researcher stated that both Perceived Organizational Justice, Organizational Learning Culture are firmly related to and having significant impact on Organizational commitment. The findings are discussed for their managerial implications in the health care sector.
PSO BASED MPPT TECHNIQUE FOR MODIFIED SEPIC CONVERTER IN PV SYSTEM USING IOT

The rising needs of power have paved the way for renewable energy. Among which the inexhaustible and efficient power sources are clean energy source that is solar energy. Yet, the renewable power generation has the limitation of being intermittent. Therefore, in the past few years, DC-DC converters have played an important role in many applications such as EVs and PV-based systems. Therefore, the designed converter must have a high voltage gain ratio and high efficiency. Thus, this work proposed a new topology of DC-DC SEPIC converter with soft switching.The existing MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) control method does not work because the power-voltage characteristic curve of the PV (photovoltaic) array has more peaks under partial shadow conditions. Therefore, this paper provides a PSO topology to monitor the photovoltaic array output power.The proposed converter with controller is validated using MATLAB simulation. In order to validate the simulation results, proto type model of converter is developed and the online monitoring is carried using PSO based MPPT tracking. In this method, the measured voltage and power can be shared through IoT. Thus, the results observed from both experimental and simulation setup that this proposed converter can be a viable solution to PV system.
An Analysis on the Role of Trust on Nursing Team Contextual Performance

This study sought to examine the indirect relationship between team leaders’ transformational leadership, team support and team contextual performance via the mediating role of team trust. A total of 1436 individual nurses (300 nursing teams) from seven public healthcare institutions participated in this study. Data were collected using two sets of questionnaires which were distributed to the team leaders and team members. Individual responses were combined and data were then aggregated to the team level to get the team’s final score. Analysis of the hypotheses were done using Partial Least Squares (PLS) and results indicated that team trust mediates the relationship between perceived team support and team contextual performance (β = 0.175, p<0.01). Results from the mediation analysis also showed that team trust mediates the relationship between transformational leadership and team contextual performance (β = 0.057, p<0.05. The findings of this study proves that when nursing team members exhibit similar behaviours, they will feel more inclined to trust each other and perform better. In handling everyday activities in a hospital, nursing team members will demonstrate positive team behaviours that will accelerate performance.
Nanomaterials: A Future Concern

Nanomaterials are materials that are made from particles devised at nanoscale. These nanomaterials may have many benefits in various areas like science, engineering and technology. But in the limelight of benefits the potential risks posed by these nanomaterials should not be overlooked. A substantial risk assessment procedure should be developed, especially in developing countries where the potential hazards are overlooked and the policies are made only after enormous harm has been done to the health and environment. Nanotechnology is considered as the next revolution after Information Technology. It involves the manipulation of materials and the creation of structures and systems at the scale of atoms and molecules, the nanoscale. The properties and effects of nanoscale particles and materials differ significantly from larger particles of the same chemical composition. It is too premature to say that the environmental and social costs of nanotechnology will outweigh its many benefits until the substantial harms are proved. Till date no clear guidelines are established regarding production and use of nanomaterials. The benefits of these materials are already established but the unknown risks are not accounted for. The clouds of uncertainty cause skeptics the major concern regarding the use of nanomaterials. The health and environmental risks posed by Nanomaterials cannot be assessed easily as they have diverse properties and behaviour. The kinetic (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion) and toxic properties are influenced by the size, shape and charge of these materials and therefore even nanomaterials of the same chemical composition with different sizes or shapes may have vastly different toxicity. Hence,particle size alone is not a good criteria for differentiating between more or less hazardous materials and technologies. Until we have a much more comprehensive understanding of the biological behaviour of nanomaterials, it is impossible to predict the toxicity risks associated with any one material, and each new nanomaterial must be subject to new health and safety assessment prior to its commercial use.