Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Individual and Community Level Factors Associated with Early Sexual Initiation Among Female Youth in Ethiopia: A Multilevel Analysis of 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey.

Background: There is limited national representative evidence on determinants of early sexual act among youth (female) especially community level factors are not investigated in Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to assess individual and community level factors associated with early sexual initiation among female youth in Ethiopia.Method: A secondary data analysis was done on the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) dataset was collected cross-sectional. A total of 6143 15-24 years’ old females irrespective of their sexual activity were included in the analysis. Multi-level mixed-effect logistic regression analysis was done by STATA version 14.0 to identify individual and community-level factors. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to show the strength and direction of association and statistical significance was declared at P value less than 0.05. Result: individual level factors significantly associated with early sexual initiation among female youth were; age group from 19-24 years [AOR=5.77, 95% CI= (4.58, 7.27)], not attend school [AOR=14.1, 95% CI= (8.06, 24.66)], ever chew Chat [AOR= 1.98, 95%CI= (1.32, 2.97)]. From community label variables living in Addis Ababa [AOR= 0.28, 95%CI= (0.17, 0.45)], living in Gambella [AOR=2.7, 95%CI= (1.7, 4.29)] and live in low proportion of poor communities [AOR= 0.66, 95% CI= (0.49, 0.9)] were significantly associated with early initiation of sexual intercourse of female youth. Conclusion: increased age, low educational status, ever chewing Chat, region and live in high proportion of poor community had statistical association with early sexual initiation among female youth. Improving educational coverage, improving community level wealth status are important interventions to delay the age of first sexual act among female youth.
Two Phase Interleaved LLC Resonant Converter

Nowadays, power supplies for LCD TV of larger and slimmer screen size are required to have high power density and high efficient characteristics. In order to meet these requirements, Multi-phase interleaved LLC resonant converter is applied for increasing power density and reducing the current rating in the used devices. In this paper, gain characteristics and the experimental results of the proposed two-phase LLC resonant converter which implemented by the simple control circuit are verified based on the theoretical analysis and the 300W experimental prototype.
The Methylation Status in the Chromosome 11p15.5 Region and Metabolic Disorders in Children with Syndromic and Nonsyndromic Intrauterine Growth Restriction

Loss of methylation (LoM) of the imprinting control region 1 (ICR1) in the chromosome 11p15.5 domain is detected in patients with Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS), characterized by asymmetric pre- and postnatal growth restriction, and typical craniofacial features. The patients with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) possess a high risk for adult metabolic problems. This study is aimed to investigate the methylation levels of the chromosome 11p15.5 region and metabolic problems in children with syndromic and nonsyndromic IUGR. Methylation analysis was performed for chromosome 11p15.5 in 49 patients (33 with suspected SRS and 16 nonsyndromic IUGR) with Netchine-Harbison clinical scoring (NHCS); uniparental disomy for chromosomes 6, 7, 14, and 20 was evaluated for those who were negative. LoM of ICR1 was detected in 14 of 33 suspected SRS patients with 3 or more criteria of NHCS, 5 had borderline LoM. Maternal uniparental disomy of the chromosomes 7 and 14 was found in 2 patients. The overall detection rate of SRS was 45.5%. While clinical findings were similar in patients with LoM and borderline LoM of ICR1, typical craniofacial findings were significantly less in the patients with normal methylation. Methylation patterns were not found to be impaired in the nonsyndromic IUGR group. Metabolic complications were evaluated in a total of 63 patients including 33 SRS-suspicious, 16 nonsyndromic IUGR, and 14 patients with 3M or SHORT syndrome. Increased rates of hypercalciuria, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia were detected in patients with both syndromic and nonsyndromic IUGR. We would like to emphasize that detecting typical facial findings is effective in the diagnosis of SRS and paying attention to metabolic problems in the follow-up of patients with IUGR is recommended.
Computational engineering design under uncertainty : an aircraft conceptual design perspective

Presented in this thesis is a novel methodology for aircraft design optimization in the presence of uncertainty, with emphasis on the conceptual design stage. In the initial part of the thesis, the uncertainty typologies of interest for aircraft design are identied within a broader epistemological framework. The main implications for non-deterministic computational design are also outlined. The focus is then restricted to uncertainties that can be modeled by probability theory. In this context, a methodology is developed to enhance robust design optimization (RDO). Firstly, the problem is formulated in order to relax, when required, the common RDO assumption about the normality of objectives and constraints. Secondly, starting from engineering considerations about the risk related with design unfeasibility, suitable estimates of tail conditional expectation are introduced in the set of robustness metrics. The proposed formulation requires the estimation of mean and variance of objec¬tives and constraints. To calculate such moments, a novel uncertainty propaga¬tion technique is proposed, which achieves a favorable trade-obetween the ac-curacy of the estimates and the required computational cost. Peculiar features of the propagation technique are exploited to couple the propagation and the opti¬mization phases for the classes of gradient-based methods and the derivative-free pattern search methods. Also analyzed are the possible advantages achievable when the two types of algorithms are hybridized. The usefulness of the proposed methodology for conceptual design optimization is demonstrated with the aid of two engineering design problems, concerning the sizing of passenger aircraft and the design of transonic airfoils.
PRELIMINARY HUMAN FACTORS REVIEW FOR THE INTELLIGENT VEHICLE INITIATIVE (IVI) PROGRAM: IDENTIFICATION OF HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH NEEDS

This report summarizes the activities and results of a preliminary human factors review for the Intelligent Vehicle Initiative (IVI) program. The objective of the project was to help the U.S. Department of Transportation identify human factors work that needs to be done early in the life cycle of the IVI program to ensure safe and well-engineered vehicles. This project was comprised of two major subtasks. Subtask 1 provided for a Preliminary IVI Human Factors Technology Workshop to draw together the stakeholders in the IVI program to begin to define the technologies and the human factors issues that need to be considered in developing an IVI. Subtask 2 investigated the preliminary infrastructure and human factors in-vehicle requirements for alternative configurations of an IVI. The data collected in the Human Factors Technology Workshop in subtask 1 served as a basis and starting point for the research performed to identify human factors research needs that exist. The following conclusions were developed during the conduct of this project: (1) human factors research needs for the Generation I IVI focus on the need to integrate and manage the information presented to the driver; (2) no publicly available human factors research has examined the effects of integrating multiple Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) devices into a vehicle as envisioned by the IVI; (3) considerable human factors research has been conducted to support the development of individual User Services within the IVI; (4) a broad range of ITS technologies are available to support the development of a Generation I IVI prototype; and (5) for the Generation II and III IVI especially, extensive algorithm/software, infrastructure, and specific technologies are needed.
Role of Computational Fluid Dynamics and Wind Tunnels in Aeronautics R and D

The purpose of this report is to investigate the status and future projections for the question of supplantation of wind tunnels by computation in design and to intuit the potential impact of computation approaches on wind-tunnel utilization all with an eye toward reducing the infrastructure cost at aeronautics R&D centers. Wind tunnels have been closing for myriad reasons, and such closings have reduced infrastructure costs. Further cost reductions are desired, and the work herein attempts to project which wind-tunnel capabilities can be replaced in the future and, if possible, the timing of such. If the possibility exists to project when a facility could be closed, then maintenance and other associated costs could be rescheduled accordingly (i.e., before the fact) to obtain an even greater infrastructure cost reduction.
Comprehensive and Simplified Numerical Design Procedure for Class-E Switching Circuits

This paper proposes comprehensive and simplified numerical design procedures for the class-E switching circuits with the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. The PSO algorithm does not require approximate solutions and partial differentiation derivations. Therefore, the proposed design method has higher convergence stability than Newton’s method-based design. It is also a feature that the PSO algorithm allows the mismatch between the design condition and the design parameter numbers. As a design example, we successfully draw the multiple design curves of the class-E amplifier and frequency multipliers by one-time optimization execution with the modified PSO algorithm. Besides, we show a pretty simple design procedure of the class-E amplifier, which uses only one evaluation function for determining three design parameters. The design accuracy of the proposed design method does not deteriorate compared with the previous design method. We carried out circuit experiments, which achieved power-conversion efficiency of 94.0%. The circuit experiment showed agreement with numerical predictions, which confirmed the validity and usefulness of the proposed design method.
Low frequency noise in Si and Si/SiGe/Si PMOSFETs

— Measurements of 1 / fff noise in Si and Si 0 . 64 Ge 0 . 36 PMOSFETs have been compared with theoretical models of carrier tunnelling into the oxide. Reduced noise is observed in the heterostructure device as compared to the Si control. We suggest that this is primarily associated with an energy dependent density of oxide trap states and a displacement of the Fermi level at the SiO 2 interface in the heterostructure relative to Si. The present study also emphasizes the important role of transconductance enhancement in the dynamic threshold mode in lowering the input referred voltage noise.
Quantifying sedimentation patterns of small landslide‐dammed lakes in the central Oregon Coast Range

Understanding sedimentation patterns in small coastal watersheds due to landscape perturbations is critical for connecting hillslope and fluvial processes, in addition to managing aquatic habitats for anadromous fish and other aquatic species in the Oregon Coast Range (OCR). Changes in sedimentation patterns spanning the last 250 years are preserved in two landslide‐dammed lakes in small watersheds (< 10 km2) underlain by the Tyee Formation in the central OCR. Dendrochronology of drowned Douglas‐fir stumps in both lakes provided precise timing of the damming and formation of the lakes, with Klickitat Lake forming in winter ad 1751/52 and Wasson Lake in winter ad 1819/20. Perturbations from wildfires, logging and road development, and previously underappreciated snow events affect sedimentation rates in the lakes to different degrees, and are identified in the sediment record using cesium‐137 (137Cs), high‐resolution charcoal stratigraphy, local fire records, and aerial photography. Each lake has variable sedimentation accumulation rates (0.05–4.4 cm yr−1) and mass accumulation rates (0.02–1.42 g cm−2 yr−1). Sedimentation rates remained low from the landslide‐damming events until the mid‐19th century, when they increased following stand‐replacing wildfires. Aside from a sediment remobilization triggered by human modification of the landslide dam at Klickitat Lake around 1960, the largest peaks in mass accumulation rates in the mid‐20th century at both lakes in the early 1950s precede major road construction and logging activity in the watersheds. Subsequent sedimentation rates are lower, but variable, and possible effects of logging and road development might be exacerbated by abnormal precipitation and heavy snow events. A comparison of previous studies of landslide‐dammed lakes in larger watershed of the OCR are consistent with our findings of increased sedimentation in the mid‐20th century, as well as higher sedimentation rates in the debris‐flow dominated southern Tyee Formation than in the lower‐relief northern Tyee Formation.
Building a Platform to Bridge Low End Mobile Phones and Cloud Computing Services

Two waves of technology are dramatically changing daily life: cloud computing and mobile phones. New cloud computing services such as webmail and content rich data search have emerged. However, in order to use these services, a mobile phone must be able to run new applications and handle high network bandwidth. Worldwide, about3.45billion mobile phones are low end phones; they have low bandwidth and cannot run new applications. Because of this technology gap, most mobile users are unable to experience cloud computing services with their thumbs. In this paper, a novel platform, Thumb-in-Cloud, is proposed to bridge this gap. Thumb-in-Cloud consists of two subsystems: Thumb-Machine and Thumb-Gateways. Thumb-Machine is a virtual machine built into a low end phone to enable it to run new applications. Thumb-Gateways can tailor cloud computing services by reformatting and compressing the service to fit the phone's profile. FungPoTso,LinCui,LizhuoZhang,andWeijiaJia FungPoTso,LinCui,LizhuoZhang,andWeijiaJia
Progress in photovoltaic energy conversion

Progress i n t h e p h o t o v o l t a i c conversion of s o l a r energy is reviewed s t a r t i n g with the observation of t h e p h o t o e l e c t r i c e f f e c t i n selenium i n 1877, through t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y development of t h e d i f f u s e d P-N junction s i l i c o n photovoltaic c e l l i n 1953-54, t o r e c e n t evolutionary improvements of photovoltaic + a r r a y s used t o provide long-duration on-board electric power for modern space v e h i c l e s .
Difference in Response of Male and Female Drivers to Everyday Distractions

Two experiments using a driving simulation task examined the distracting effects of the most common secondary tasks that young drivers engage in: conversation and listening to music. The first experiment, by the use of experimental confederates engaged the drivers in a naturalistic conversation either over a mobile phone or as a passenger. The distracting consequences of these conditions had different effects for the male and female drivers. Relative to a silent control condition the female drivers appeared to be more distracted when conversing on a mobile phone than did the male drivers, and the male drivers appeared to be more distracted by the conversation with a passenger. The second experiment examined the effect of listening to music, and whether its tempo was important in determining its role as a source of distraction. Young drivers listened to music that had been chosen on the basis of its current popularity that either had a fast or a slow tempo, and drove a programmed route that required both easy and difficult driving maneuvers. Gender influences were again observed in the easy driving environment. Male drivers made more errors listening to slow tempo music, than they did to fast tempo music; whereas the opposite was found for the female drivers. The increased errors made by all drivers in the more difficult driving environment did not reveal any differential effects due to tempo or gender. The results of this study are interpreted in terms of differences in gender susceptibility to optimal mental workloads for driving.
A Retrospect of Prominent Cloud Security Algorithms

The concept of Cloud Computing has been distinguished as one of the major computing models in recent years. This distinguish comes as a reflection of a rapid and intense interest from academic and industrial organisations which present it as an active area of research. Security has been always raised as one of the most critical issues of cloud computing where resolving such an issue would result in a constant growth in the use and popularity of cloud. Furthermore, issues related to service availability and interoperability has gained a substantial interest. Failing to address such issues would jeopardise consumers’ satisfactions. This article mainly discusses the causes of obstacles and challenges related to security, reliability, privacy and service availability. In this work, we analyse and compare the performance of selected algorithms over “Google App Engine” which is a web framework and could computing platform. A comparative analysis of the efficiency of Advanced Encryption Standard “AES” (Rigndael), Rivest-Shamir-Adleman “RSA” and Triple Data Encryption “DES” have been performed locally and over the cloud as well. The efficiency analyses covered encryption and decryption procedures separately. Experiments results are given to analyses the effectiveness of each algorithm. The results show that Triple DES manifested a higher time efficiency ratio over cloud when subjected to different data loads compares to AES and RSA.
TEXTURE ANALYSIS AS A TOOL FOR MEDICAL DECISION SUPPORT. PART 1: RECENT APPLICATIONS FOR CANCER EARLY DETECTION

: A great number of works have been devoted to developing different medical decision support systems, based on an image data. Such systems combine a wide range of methods for digital image analysis and interpretation. It has been proven that one of the most useful sources of information encoded in the image is its texture. Texture Analysis (TA) provides many important discriminating characteristics, not normally perceptible with visual inspection. With properly chosen TA methods, an image-based diagnosis could be considerably improved. However, the choice of the methods is not an easy task and often depends on the nuances of each diagnostic problem. The present work provides an overview of the most frequently used methods for texture analysis (statistical, model-based, and ﬁlter-based) and shows their advantages and limitations. It also includes an overview of texture-based medical decision support systems, recently proposed for cancer detection and classiﬁcation.
A Research of the Development Plan for a Highly Adaptable FSR (Fire Safety Robot) in the Scene of the Fire

FSR has been placed and operated in the Daegu Fire & Safety Department on a trial basis since September 2009. This research proposes a direction for developing the robot, which will provide greater field adaptability and efficiency through analyzing in-depth interviews and surveys of firefighters who have operated the robot. Analysis has shown that an Assistant FSR is expected to enhance maneuverability and improve the performance of wheels, which will increase the capacity for navigating obstacles. The Field FSR needs improvements in convenience of control, making the weight lighter, and stabilization of radio communications to eliminate tangled wires. Overall satisfaction regarding the performance of robots currently in operation is low, while preference toward using the Assistant robot in the field is also low, shown at 8.4%. Therefore, it is urgently necessary to vitalize usage of FSR in the field so that early commercialization of the FSR will contribute to reinforce both growth and competitiveness of the domestic robotics industry.
Attitudes and Comprehension of the Informed Consent Form by the Oncology Patients

The main purpose of this study was to investigate knowledge and perceptions of the informed consent form by cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. The participants were selected through a random sampling methodology. Out of 30 cancer patients, 28 volunteered to be involved in the study. They completed a sociodemographic form. The findings revealed that the informed consent form does not greatly affect patients about chemotherapy and their decisions. They mostly were not aware of the content and purpose. The factors behind that included incomprehensible language, less time, crowded clinics, and belief on the doctor. It is suggested that chemotherapy patients should obtain more accurate and memorable information about the treatment process and its side effects with informed consent
Retroreflective microprismatic materials in image-based control applications

This work addresses accurate position measurement of reference marks made of retroreective microprismatic materials by image-based systems. High reflection microprismatic technology implies tiny hermetically sealed pockets, which improve material reflectivity, but result in non-reflective preprinted netting pattern. The mark pattern to be used for measuring can be simply printed on the reflective material as an opaque area with predefined shape. However, the non-reflecting pattern acts as a spatial filter that affects resultant spatial reflectivity of the mark. When an image of the mark is taken, the desired mark shape can be deformed by the netting pattern. This deformational may prevent accurate estimation of the mark position in the image. In this paper experimental comparison of three image filtering approaches (median filtering, morphological close and filtering in a frequency domain) in order to minimize the affection of the netting pattern is provided. These filtering approaches were experimentally evaluated by processing of the images of the mark that was translated in a camera field of view. For that a developed experimental setup including a camera with LED backlight and the mark placed on a translation stage was used. The experiment showed that median filtering provided better netting pattern elimination and higher accuracy of key features position estimation (approximately ±0.1 pix) in the condition of the experiment. The ways of future use of reference marks based on microprismatic material in image-based control applications are discussed.