Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multitarget Potential of Phytochemicals from Traditional Medicinal Tree, Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arnot as Potential Medicaments for Cardiovascular Disease: An In-Silico Approach

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arnot of the Combretaceae family is one of the most frequently approved and utilized medicinal trees in the traditional medicinal system, which was used for the treatment of a variety of diseases, including cardiovascular disorders. The present study aims to identify phytochemicals from T. arjuna, that do not exhibit any toxicity and have significant cardioprotective activity using an in-silico technique. Four different cardiovascular proteins, namely human angiotensin receptor (PDB ID: 4YAY), P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK, PDB ID: 4DLI), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-Co A) reductase (PDB ID: 1HW9), and human C-reactive protein (PDB ID: 1B09), were used as target proteins to identify potential inhibitors using a virtual screening of the phytochemicals in T. arjuna revealed casuarinin as a potential inhibitor of all selected target proteins with strong binding energy. Furthermore, MD simulations for a 100 ns time scale also revealed that most of the key protein contacts of all target proteins were retained throughout the simulation trajectories. Binding free energy calculations using the MM-GBSA approach also support a strong inhibitory effect of casuarinin on target proteins. Casuarinin’s effective binding to these proteins lays the groundwork for the development of broad-spectrum drugs as well as the understanding of the underlying mechanism against cardiovascular diseases through in vivo and clinical studies.
NGC 2287 - an important intermediate-age open cluster

We have obtained photoelectric UBV photometry for 100 stars, uvbyβ photometry for 39 stars and MK spectral types for 80 stars in the field of NGC 2287. After combination with data from other sources, several interesting cluster properties are apparent. Both the UBV and uvbyβ photometry point to a small but nonzero reddening, while our spectral types confirm previous results indicating a high binary frequency for the cluster. Based on our spectral and photometric data for the cluster members with −1≤M V ≤3 we find a minimum binary frequency of 40% and discuss the possibility that the results may imply a binary frequency closer to 80%. The cluster age is found to be ∼2×10 8 yr based on both the main-sequence turnoff and the red giant distribution; the width of the turnup region can probably be explained by a combination of duplicity and a range in stellar rotation
A New Assessment of the Predictability of Tropical Cyclone Tracks

AbstractThe inherent predictability of tropical cyclone tracks has received much attention since the 1980s. It is still an issue because of the recent improvement of track forecasts by numerical models. The aim of this study is to assess this predictability limit globally using an approach devised by Lorenz on several up-to-date numerical models. The differences between forecasts valid at the same instant are considered to be error values; the doubling time of these small errors leads to an estimated upper bound on predictability. This method is here applied on cyclone position forecasts obtained from three different global operational models (from ECMWF, Meteo-France, and the Met Office) over the main tropical cyclone basins in the world and during three recent cyclone seasons (2006–09). The resulting estimates of predictability largely exceed the values that are commonly accepted in the literature. The doubling time of small errors is found between 30 and 50 h. An important consequence is that cyclone tr.
DRL-Based Offloading for Computation Delay Minimization in Wireless-Powered Multi-Access Edge Computing

Wireless power transfer (WPT) and edge computing have been validated as effective ways to solve the energy-limited problem and computation-capacity-limited problem of wireless devices (WDs), respectively. This paper studies the wireless-powered multi-access edge computing (WP-MEC) network, where WDs conduct either local computing or task offloading for their individable computation tasks. We aim to minimize total computation delay (TCD) when each WD has a computation task to execute, referred to as the total computation delay minimization (TCDM) problem, by jointly optimizing the offloading-decision, WPT duration, and transmission durations of offloading WDs. The TCDM problem is a mixed integer programming (MIP) problem that is challenging to efficiently obtain the optimal or near-optimal solution. To tackle this challenge, we decompose the TCDM problem into the sub-problem of optimizing the WPT duration and transmission durations, and the top-problem of optimizing the offloading decision. For the nonconvex sub-problem, we design a worst-WD-adjusting (WDA) algorithm to efficiently obtain its optimal solution. For the top-problem, under the time-varying channel conditions, traditional optimization methods are hard to determine the optimal or near-optimal offloading decision within the channel coherence duration. To fast obtain the near-optimal offloading decision, we propose a deep neural networks (DNN)-based deep reinforcement learning (DRL) model, which takes the sub-problem solving as one component for utility evaluation. Finally, numerical results demonstrate that the proposed online DRL-based offloading algorithm achieves the near-minimal TCD with low computational complexity, and is suitable for the fast-fading WP-MEC network.
Spiral Bacterial Foraging Optimization method

A biologically-inspired algorithm called “Spiral Bacterial Foraging Optimization” is presented in this article in order to find the global optimum of multi-modal objective functions. The proposed algorithm is simply a multi-agent, gradient-based algorithm, such as steepest descent, which minimizes both the main objective function (local search) and the distance between each agent and a temporary central point (global search). A random jump, normal to the connecting line of each agent to the central point, can produce a vortex around the temporary central point. This random jump is also suitable to cope with premature convergence that is a feature of swarm-based optimization methods. The most important contributions of this algorithm are as follows: First, this algorithm involves a stochastic type of search with a deterministic convergence. Second, as the gradient-based methods are employed, faster convergence is expected in the recent algorithm. And finally, the algorithm can be implemented in parallel fashion in order to decentralize large-scale computation.
Theory of Valley Splitting in an N-Channel (100) Inversion Layer of Si II. Electric Break Through

The extended zone effective mass equation as proposed in the preceding paper is applied to the vally splitting in an n -channel (100) inversion layer of Si, and the valley splitting is explained theoretically for the first time. The splitting turns out to be about Δ E =0.15×( N inv +32/11 N depl ) meV for the carrier concentrations N inv and N depl of the inversion and depletion layers which are in 10 12 cm -2 unit. The mechanism of the splitting is the electric break through, and two kinds of break through play a role in this system. The estimated splitting is too small to be observed, and it is suggested that the splitting will be greatly enhanced by many-body effects under a high magnetic field. However the appearance of the characteristic cusps in the measured line shapes of the Schubnikov-de Haas oscillation confirms that the theory gives the correct magnitude of the valley splitting without the enhancement by many-body effects.
Efficient robust estimation of time-series regression models

The paper studies a new class of robust regression estimators based on the two-step least weighted squares (2S-LWS) estimator which employs data-adaptive weights determined from the empirical distribution or quantile functions of regression residuals obtained from an initial robust fit. Just like many existing two-step robust methods, the proposed 2S-LWS estimator preserves robust properties of the initial robust estimate. However, contrary to the existing methods, the first-order asymptotic behavior of 2S-LWS is fully independent of the initial estimate under mild conditions. We propose data-adaptive weighting schemes that perform well both in the cross-section and time-series data and prove the asymptotic normality and efficiency of the resulting procedure. A simulation study documents these theoretical properties in finite samples.
The new Göttingen Fabry-Pérot spectrometer for two-dimensional observations of the Sun

Studies of small-scale dynamics and magnetic fields in the solar atmosphere require spectroscopy and polarimetry with high spatial resolution. For this purpose, spectrometers based on Fabry-Perot interferometers (FPIs) have advantages over slit spectrographs. They possess a high throughput and allow fast two-dimensional, narrow-band imaging and image reconstruction of the data. In the present contribution we describe an upgrade, essentially renewal, of the Gottingen FPI spectrometer achieved during the first half of 2005. A new etalon from IC Optical Systems Ltd. (formerly Queensgate), England, with 70 mm free aperture for high spectral resolution has been mounted. New CCD detectors from LaVision GmbH (Gottingen) with powerful computer hard- and software were implemented. We consider the product of signal-to-noise ratio, frame rate, and field of view as a measure of the efficiency. At low light levels, e.g. in narrow-band speckle applications, this product has increased by a factor ~60 compared to the old system. In addition, several spectral regions can now be scanned quasi-simultaneously. We present first results obtained with the upgraded spectrometer. The efforts are undertaken to provide an up-to-date post-focus instrument for the new German 1.5 m GREGOR solar telescope presently under construction at the Observatorio del Teide on Tenerife.
Monte Carlo Based Null Distribution for an Alternative Goodness‐of‐Fit Test Statistic in IRT Models

Assessing the correspondence between model predictions and observed data is a recommended procedure for justifying the application of an IRT model. However, with shorter tests, current goodness-of-fit procedures that assume precise point estimates of ability, are inappropriate. The present paper describes a goodness-of-fit statistic that considers the imprecision with which ability is estimated and involves constructing item fit tables based on each examinee's posterior distribution of ability, given the likelihood of their response pattern and an assumed marginal ability distribution. However, the posterior expectations that are computed are dependent and the distribution of the goodness-of-fit statistic is unknown. The present paper also describes a Monte Carlo resampling procedure that can be used to assess the significance of the fit statistic and compares this method with a previously used method. The results indicate that the method described herein is an effective and reasonably simple procedure for assessing the validity of applying IRT models when ability estimates are imprecise.
On Presheaves Associated to Modules

for an open subset $U$ of Spec $A$ , we define a presheaf $\overline{M}$ of modules on Spec $A$ . Then (3) $\overline{M}(D(f))=M_{f}$ for $f\in A$ , (4) $\overline{M}_{p}=M_{p}$ for $\mathfrak{p}\in SpecA$ , where $D(f)=\{p\in SpecA|f\not\in \mathfrak{p}\}$ . Here $\overline{M}$ is not a sheaf in general. But the sheafification of $\overline{M}$ turns out to be the quasi-coherent -module $\tilde{M}$ . Then we ask the question: When is the presheaf $\overline{M}$ actually a sheaf? Noting that $\overline{M}$ is a sheaf if and only if $\overline{M}=\tilde{M}$, we introduce the following three conditions for a ring $A$ : (S. 1) $\overline{M}=\tilde{M}$ for any A-module $M$ . (S.2) $\overline{\mathfrak{a}}=\tilde{\mathfrak{a}}$ for any ideal $\mathfrak{a}$ of $A$ . (S.3) $\overline{A}=\tilde{A}$ . Then it is obvious that (S. $1$ ) $\Rightarrow(S.2)\Rightarrow(S.3)$ . The main results of this paper are as follows. THEOREM 1. Suppose that $A$ is a valuation ring. Then
Chondroitin Sulphate/Dermatan Sulphate Proteoglycans: Potential Regulators of Corneal Stem/Progenitor Cell Phenotype In Vitro

Chondroitin sulphate (CS) proteoglycans with variable sulphation-motifs along their glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains are closely associated with the stem cell niche of articular cartilage, where they are believed to influence the characteristics of the resident stem cells. Here, we investigated the immunohistochemical distribution of hybrid CS/dermatan sulphate (DS) GAGs in the periphery of the adult chicken cornea, which is the location of the cornea’s stem cell niche in a number of species, using a monoclonal antibody, 6C3, that recognises a sulphation motif-specific CS/DS GAG epitope. This revealed positive labelling that was restricted to the subepithelial corneal stroma, as well as nearby bony structures within the sclera, called ossicles. When cultivated on cell culture dishes coated with 6C3-rich CS/DS, corneal stromal cells (keratocytes) that had been isolated from embryonic chicken corneas formed circular colonies, which took several days to reach confluency. A flow cytometric analysis of these keratocytes revealed changes in their expression levels of the indicative stem cell markers, Connexin 43 (Cx43), Paired Box 6 (PAX6), B-lymphoma Moloney murine leukemia virus insertion region-1 (Bmi-1), and C-X-C Chemokine Receptor 4 (CXCR4) suggestive of a less-differentiated phenotype compared with expression levels in cells not exposed to CS/DS. These findings support the view that CS/DS promotes the retention of a stem cell phenotype in corneal cells, much as it has been proposed to do in other connective tissues.
Photocurrent characteristics of two-dimensional-electron-gas-based AlGaN/GaN metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors

Photocurrent response characteristics of two-dimensional-electron-gas-based AlGaN/GaN metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetectors were investigated by changing the frequency of incident light signals. At low chopper frequencies, the contribution to the photocurrent is mainly from the GaN bulk layer at 5 V bias, as expected. With increasing chopper frequency, a peak response at 361 nm wavelength becomes more and more pronounced and dominates gradually the photocurrent spectrum, indicating that this peak response has a much less frequency dependence and a faster response rate than the spectral response from the GaN bulk layer. This peak response is attributed to the contribution of photoelectrons generated in the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) channel according to simulation results of electrical field distribution and analysis of carrier transport in the 2DEG-based AlGaN/GaN heterostructure. This characteristic makes the 2DEG-based MSM photodetectors a large potential to develop high-speed ultravio.
Comparison of Disdrometer and X-Band Mobile Radar Observations in Convective Precipitation

AbstractMicrophysical data from thunderstorms are sparse, yet they are essential to validate microphysical schemes in numerical models. Mobile, dual-polarization, X-band radars are capable of providing a wealth of data that include radar reflectivity, drop shape, and hydrometeor type. However, X-band radars suffer from beam attenuation in heavy rainfall and hail, which can be partially corrected with attenuation correction schemes. In this research, the authors compare surface disdrometer observations to results from a differential phase-based attenuation correction scheme. This scheme is applied to data recorded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) X-band dual-polarized (NOXP) mobile radar, which was deployed during the second Verification of the Origins of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment (VORTEX2). Results are presented from five supercell thunderstorms and one squall line (183 min of data). The median disagreement (radar–disdrometer) in attenuation-corrected reflectivity Z and.
Highly efficient, oscillation free solution of the transport equation over long times and large spaces

Transport problems with sharp transitions or high convection often stress even the most advanced computational methods beyond feasibility limits. One promising line of attack involves transforming problems to a moving, deforming coordinate system (MDCS). Using MDCS as recently developed, one may concentrate computational attention when and where it is most appropriate, also possibly greatly reducing the effective magnitude of terms which cause trouble. In principle, MDCS may be used with finite difference, finite element, or other numerical methods, according to preference. In the particular finite element system advanced here, mesh movement may be variable in time and space, so that physically fixed boundaries may remain fixed in the transformed coordinate system. A simple finite difference system is used in time. When the method is applied to the standard transport equation test case, great efficiency and accuracy are obtained in early time. Even very steep fronts may be represented well, with no oscillations, using space and time step sizes well beyond conventional (Peclet, Courant number) constraints. More important problems are solved, involving transport over much longer times and larger spaces, when diffusion has some chance to operate and hence a parabolic model is more warranted. The same accuracy and stability are achieved as during early time, using no more nodes and time steps overall than during early time runs. This constitutes orders of magnitude savings in effort over what the application of conventional constraints would require. Relative efficiency from application of MDCS to other problems would depend on the particulars of each case.
Interband cascade infrared photodetectors with enhanced electron barriers and p-type superlattice absorbers

We present results on the optical and electrical performance of mid-infrared detectors based on interband-cascade structures. These devices include enhanced electron barriers, designed to suppress intraband-tunneling current between stages, and p-doped type-II InAs/GaSb superlattice absorbers. Within the sample set, we examined devices with different absorber thicknesses and doping levels. Carriers are extracted less efficiently in devices with longer absorbers, which is attributed to more band bending within the absorber due to electric charge accumulation. Also, devices with lower-doped (1 × 1017 cm−3) absorbers are found to have better optical and electrical performances than those with higher levels of doping (3 × 1017 cm−3). The overall performance of these devices was superior to previously reported results, with Johnson-noise limited detectivities, at 4.0 μm, as high as 6.0 × 1012 and 2.5 × 1011 Jones at 80 and 150 K, respectively.
Bayesian Cox Model with Categorical Predictors for Time to Event Breast Cancer Data

Survival analysis has become a standard tool for modeling cancer trial data when the event of interest is "time to event". Cox regression, which implements the proportional hazards model, is designed for anal- ysis of time until an event or time between events, introduced by Cox (1972) in order to estimate the effects of differ- ent covariates influencing the time-to-event data. This model has been used extensively in time to event of cancer trial data for given categorical predictor variables. The Bayesian analysis has advantageous in dealing with small sample of censored data more than a frequentist method. The main objective of this article is to apply a Bayesian Cox model and is being compared with a frequentist method. Gibbs sampling technique is used to assess the posterior quantities of interest and to avoid the complexity in calculations. The posterior is arrived using SAS package.
Mobility-Aware Proactive Flow Setup in Software-Defined Mobile Edge Networks

The software-defined network (SDN) enabled mobile edge network greatly facilitates network resource management and promotes many emerging applications. However, user mobility may cause the SDN controller to set flow rules frequently, introduce additional flow setup latency, cause delay jitter, and undermine latency-sensitive services. Proactive flow setup is an effective way to eliminate flow setup latency, but existing work fails to maximize the flow setup hit ratio, a metric for evaluating the quality of proactive flow setup decisions, which is critical for latency-sensitive services. In this paper, we study how to proactively set flow rules to maximize the flow setup hit ratio under limited available network resources to eliminate the flow setup latency as much as possible. Then, we formalize the proactive flow setup problem as two integer linear programming problems under two typical routing strategies, default routing and dynamic routing. Both problems are proved to be NP-hard. To tackle these two problems, we propose a linear programming-based polynomial-time approximation algorithm for the default routing case and a greedy-based heuristic algorithm for the dynamic routing case. Extensive trace-driven experimental and simulation results verify that our algorithms can improve the flow setup hit ratio by up to 30.99% compared to existing solutions.