Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Specific Mechanisms and Protective Antioxidant Systems Playing Role in Occurring Oxidative Stress in Erythrocytes

Öz Abstract Eritrositler, kanda sayıca en fazla bulunan ve asıl görevi solunum gazlarını taşımak olan özelleşmiş hücrelerdir. Reaktif oksijen türleri, lipitlerin, nükleik asitlerin, proteinlerin, şekerlerin veya sterollerin oksidasyonuna neden olarak eritrositlerin veya öncüllerinin yapı ve işlevini bozabilir. Özellikle hücre zarlarının oksidasyonu eritrositlerde kırılganlığın artmasına ve dolayısıyla ömürlerinin kısalmasına neden olur. Eritrositler, sitoplazmalarında bulundurdukları hemoglobin sayesinde bol miktarda oksijeni bağlayabilmelerine rağmen, oksijeni enerji üretiminde kullanamazlar. Birçok dokuda oksidatif stresin asıl kaynağı mitokondri ve peroksizomlardır, ancak eritrositlerde bu organeller bulunmaz. Eritrositlerde oksidasyonu katalizleyen bu organellerin bulunmamasına rağmen, organizmada oksidatif stresten en fazla etkilenen hücrelerin başında eritrositler yer almaktadır. Eritrositlerde meydana gelen oksidatif stresin temelini içerdikleri hemoglobin ve demir atomu oluşturur. Bu derlemede, eritrositlerin maruz kaldığı özgül oksidatif stres mekanizmalarının, hücrede meydana gelen değişikliklerin ve bu stresi alt edebilecek hücre içi koruyucu sistemlerin neler olduğu sistematik olarak tartışılmıştır. Erythrocytes are specialized cells that are the most abundant in the blood and whose main task is to carry respiratory gases. Reactive oxygen species can disrupt the structure and the function of erythrocytes or their precursors by causing oxidation of lipids, nucleic acids, proteins, sugars, or sterols. In particular, oxidation of cell membranes causes increased fragility in erythrocytes and thus shortening their lifespan. Erythrocytes, despite their ability to bind abundant oxygen due to the hemoglobin they contain in their cytoplasm, they cannot use oxygen in energy production. The main source of oxidative stress in many tissues are mitochondrias and peroxisomes, but these organelles are not found in erythrocytes. Despite the absence of these organelles catalyzing oxidation in erythrocytes, erythrocytes are at the head of the cells most affected by oxidative stress in the organism. The basis of oxidative stress occurring in erythrocytes are hemoglobins and iron atoms. In this review, the specific oxidative stress mechanisms that erythrocytes are exposed to, the changes that occur in the cells, and the intracellular protective systems that can overcome this stress are systematically discussed. Anahtar Kelimeler: Eritrosit, Kırmızı Kan Hücresi, Oksidatif Stres
Analysis of the Impact of Income Inequality on CO2 emissions

This thesis deals with the impact of income inequality on CO2 emissions. It is investigated whether a reduction of income inequality can lead to an increase in per capita CO2 emissions. A grouped fixed effects (GFE) estimator by Bonhomme and Manresa (2015) is being used to estimate this relationship in a two-way error component model. The estimator assigns for a previously set number of GFE groups every country in the sample to one of the GFE group. This allows the grouped fixed effects to vary between the GFE groups, whereby different stages of clean technology development and of improvements in emission creating processes between countries can be taken into account. The main findings are that the impact of income inequality on CO2 emissions depends on the level of income. Reducing income inequality leads to an increase in CO2 emissions below a certain threshold of income, while for income levels above this threshold the effect is reversed. However, this extremely high threshold value has been reached only by a few countries, implying that for almost all countries except ones with the highest per capita income levels reducing income inequality will lead to higher per capita CO2 emissions. If countries want to cut down income inequality as well as per capita CO2 emissions, they should consider taking additional measures to prevent a possible trade-off.
Energy and power characteristics analysis of lithium-ion battery for electric vehicle

Lithium-ion battery for electric vehicles was focused.Taking six kinds of domestic lithium-ion batteries as the objects of study,the energy and power characteristics were analyzed.The research shows that the LiMn2O4 lithium-ion battery has the excellent performance of energy and power.The flexible design between energy and power characteristics of lithium-ion battery can be carried out to meet the different need of electric vehicle.The LiFePO4 lithium-ion battery has the splendid high-temperature endurable ability and high-current discharge ability.With the increase of specific energy and specific power and the reduce of the cost,it will be widely used as the power battery of electric vehicle.
The Long-Term Renal Functions After An Episode of Acute Kidney Injury in Children

Objective: It is widely accepted that an acute kidney injury (AKI) episode has long-term consequences such as chronic kidney disease. But the risk factors for poor renal outcome after an AKI episode are not well defined in paediatric age group. The aim of this study is to evaluate the first and fifth-year renal functions of the patients who undergo AKI during their hospital admission and to determine the risk factors affecting renal functions. Material and Methods: 219 patients who underwent AKI from 2008 to 2012 were included in this study. 62 patients survived less than 1 year. The first and the fifth-year serum creatinine concentrations of the remaining 157 patients were reviewed retrospectively. Results: Patients who were ≤2 years of age and patients who were in Failure+Loss group at the time of AKI had significantly lower estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) values in the first and fifth year after AKI compared to patients who were>2 years of age and patients who were in Risk+Injury group. 25.7% and 40.3% of the patients had abnormal eGFR in the first and fifth year after AKI respectively. In a logistic regression model, factors associated with having abnormal eGFR in the first and fifth year after AKI included younger age but not an advanced degree of AKI. Conclusion: The previous episode of AKI could cause harmful effects on renal functions of children in the long term. Younger age and advanced stage of AKI are associated with worse renal functions after an episode of AKI. the second group consisted of patients older than 2 years old. The patients were also classified as having AKI at the time of admission and having AKI during inpatient treatment. Prerenal, intrinsic or, obstructive AKI were defined by the clinical evaluation of the patients. Patients were also classified according to undergoing renal replacement therapy (RRT) or not, having an underlying condition or not and being hospitalized in paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) or non-PICU. The statistical analysis was performed in SPSS for Windows 15.0. χ 2 test was used to find differences between groups
SUPERSTRING MODELS WITH REALISTIC CRITICAL DIMENSION

Extra dimensions are predicted by Strings, but their existence does not experimentally veriﬁed. Such a situation stimulates searching for signals from extra dimensions on modern factories on the one hand, on the other hand it stimulates looking for String theories being already consistent in the observed number of space-time dimensions. Models of superstrings with realistic critical dimension are discussed in this notes.
What factors influence student satisfaction with module quality? A comparative analysis of the determinants of module satisfaction in undergraduate and taught postgraduate business school students

: Understanding the links between student satisfaction and the quality of teaching is becoming of ever greater concern to UK business schools. Here we explore the determinants of overall student module satisfaction, as well as their relative importance, by comparing the module evaluation questionnaire (MEQ) responses of undergraduate (UG) and postgraduate (PG) students in a UK business school. Based upon econometric modelling of the MEQ averages from 470 UG modules (21,096 student responses) and 93 masters modules (4,429 responses) our results identify several key factors driving overall satisfaction in both groups. The helpfulness of lectures and seminars, involving direct student-teacher contact time, is the most important determinant of satisfaction. This is followed, in order of importance, by: the degree to which a module integrates well with other elements of the course; the usefulness of supporting on-line materials; and the appropriateness of summative assignments. Useful readings and feedback on formative assignments appear weaker drivers of overall satisfaction, particularly for PG students, as is the negative impact of perceived module difficulty. In general, however, the drivers of satisfaction in PG and UG groups are similar. We discuss the implications of the findings for academic staff, business school managers and the HE sector.
Inter-session Reliability and Within-session Stability of a Novel Perception-Action Coupling Task Software

: Traditional measures of alertness and reaction time do not capture the dynamic integration of perception and action, where some form of perceptual judgement (i.e. judgement of an object’s spatial parameters in relation to another object) is required to examine this relationship. PURPOSE: To assess the reliability, within-subject variability, and systematic bias associated with a novel measure of reaction time, the perception-action coupling task (PACT). PARTICIPANTS: 9 males and 7 females (Age (yrs) = 27.8 ± 3.6) participated in four identical testing sessions. METHODS: The PACT, performed on a touch-screen tablet, requires participants to make judgements on whether a virtual ball affords “posting” in a virtual aperture, both of varying sizes. There are 8 possible ball to aperture size ratios. , and aA full cycle of the PACT lasts 5 minutes and consists of 12 randomized presentations of each ratio. For each session, participants completed 9 cycles with a 15-minute break every three cycles. Reaction Time (RT), movement time (MT), and initiation time (IT) were calculated from response parameters. Accuracy of judgements (ACC) was calculated as the percentage of correct responses from each cycle. Systematic bias was determined by repeated-measures ANOVA, reliability was assessed with intra-class correlation coefficients, and within-subject variability was assessed with coefficients of variation. RESULTS: Initiation time was found to have the highest learning effect, requiring the elimination of three cycles to eliminate systematic bias (F = 2.417, p = .056). All other variables required one or less cycles (F = .408 - 1.729, p = .167 - .910). All variables showed acceptable reliability (ICC = .775 – 943) and within-subject variability () with only one cycle, after elimination of the first 3 cycles. CONCLUSIONS: With a 3 cycle (15-minute) familiarization period, the PACT was found to be stable and reliable in assessing RT, MT, IT and ACC during perceptual judgements.
Advances in Brief G 1 DelayinCellsOverexpressingProstaglandinEndoperoxideSynthase-2 '

Colorectal canceris the secondleadingcauseof death from cancerin theUnitedStates.Continuoususeofaspirinandothernonsteroidalantiinflammatorydrugs(NSAIDs)hasbeenshowntoreducetheriskof colorectalcancerin humansby 40â€”50%. Patientswith familial adenom atous polyposis who take NSAIDs, such as sulindac, undergo a regression of intestinaladenomas.Rodentsexposedto carcinogensthat causecolon cancerhavea50â€”60%reductionin thesizeandnumberofcolonic tumors when treated continuously with NSAIDs. One commontarget for these drugs is prostaglandin endoperoxidesynthase,also referred to as cy clooxygenase (COX). We and others have shown recently that COX-2 levelsare epithelialcellsthatexpresstheCOX-2genepermanentlyandfoundthattheyhavealteredadhesionpropertiesandresistundergoIngapoptosis.We report here that these cells also have a 3-fold increase in the duration of G1,lower levelsof cyclin Dl protein, and a marked decreasein retino blastomakinaseactivity associatedwith cyclin-dependentkinase4. The delayin G1transitmayrelateto the resistanceof thesecellsto undergo programmed cell death,which could affect their tumorigenic potential. sequentialgeneticmutationswhich tion. results are consistentwith this and suggesta link between COX-2 overexpression, prolongation of G1, and inhibition of apoptosisin intestinal epithelial cells. Studiesareunderway to determine the effect of selective COX-2 inhibitorson cyclin proteinlevels in COX-2-overexpressing intestinal epithelial cells.
Algorithms for Optimal Construction and Training of Radial Basis Function Neural Networks

Machine Learning and Computational Intelligence are rapidly growing fields of research in both academia and industry. Artificial neural networks are at the heart of much of this research. Efficiently constructing and training artificial neural networks is of utmost importance to advancing the field. It has been shown that compact architectures show better generalization performance to networks containing many computational nodes. Furthermore, special neurons consisting of a Radial Basis Function can be used to improve local performance of ANNs. Many algorithms such as Support Vector Regression, Error Backpropagation, and Extreme Learning Machines can be used to train networks once an architecture is chosen. Other algorithms such as RAN, MRAN, and GGAP can train networks as they are constructed. However, many of these algorithms have limitations that lead to an excessive network size. Two new RBF network construction algorithms are introduced with the aim of increasing error convergence rates with fewer computational nodes. The first method is introduced in Chapter 3 and expands on the popular Incremental Extreme Learning Machine algorithms by adding a Nelder-Mead simplex optimization to the process. The second algorithm, described in Chapter 4, uses a LevenbergMarquardt algorithm to optimize the positions and heights of RBF units as they are added to a network. These algorithms are compared to many state of the art algorithms on difficult benchmarks and real-world problems. The results demonstrate that more compact networks with superior error performance are created.
Titer Widal pada Populasi Sehat di Universitas Jember ( Widal Titre among Healthy Population in University of Jember )

Abstrak 2), Demam enterik merupakan penyakit endemik di negara-negara berkembang seperti Indonesia. Uji Widal dalam sampel serum tunggal sering digunakan untuk diagnosis laboratorium terutama ketika fasilitas kultur tidak tersedia. Pemeriksaan uji Widal tunggal pada negara endemik seperti Indonesia, akan memberikan hasil yang kurang akurat dengan banyaknya hasil false-positive maupun false-negative . Salah satu hasil false-positive yaitu interpretasi hasil uji widal tunggal di daerah endemik dimana sebagian besar populasi sehat juga pernah kontak atau terinfeksi, dan menunjukkan hasil uji widal positif Akan tetapi, pengujian titer Widal pada populasi sehat baik pada pria maupun wanita belum pernah dilakukan di Jember. Sehingga tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui titer widal pada pria dan wanita sehat di Universitas Jember. Pada penelitian cross-sectional ini, dilakukan pengambilan darah sebanyak 3 ml dari pria (n=47) dan wanita sehat (n=47) H, AH, BO, BH 1/320 (37,2%), 1/320 (38,2%), (86,1%), 1/320 (67,0%), 1/320 (77,7%) and 1/40 (27,7%) respectively in healthy population. In conclusion, antibody titre of AO dominated the most positive results in healthy population.
Structure and Expression of the Gene Encoding Phosphofructokinase (PFK) in DrosophiZa meZanogaster*

The gene from Drosophila melanogaster that encodes phosphofructokinase has been isolated and its structure and expression characterized. Southern blots of genomic DNA, comparison of multiple clones, and in situ hybridization to salivary gland chromosomes indicate that the Drosophila genome contains a single copy of the gene which encodes phosphofructokinase (PFK) that is located at cytogenetic position 46DE on the polytene map. Analysis of the gene structure reveals a single coding region that spans 6.5 kilobase pairs and is composed of eight exons and seven introns. Three developmentally regulated transcripts are generated through the use of alternative polyadenylation sites. Transcription initia- tion occurs at a single site. The pattern of transcript accumulation during development is similar to other genes of Drosophila which encode enzymes of the glycolytic pathway. Deficiency analysis of the 46DE region has identified a lethal complementation group associ-ated with reduced PFK activity, thereby establishing the vital role of PFK function in Drosophila. Phosphofructokinase (PFK (EC 2.7.1.11))’ catalyzes the phosphorylation of fructose 6-phosphate using ATP to generate fructose 1,6-diphosphate and ADP. This reaction is one of the key regulatory points for the glycolytic pathway. The allosteric regulation and structure of PFK from a number of organisms has been well
Bi-directional hydrological changes in perched basins of the Athabasca Delta (Canada) in recent decades caused by natural processes

[ 1 ] Previous studies of river hydrometric records and Indigenous Knowledge holders claim that ﬂ ood-induced recharge of ecologically important perched basins decreased across the Peace-Athabasca Delta after 1968 due mainly to hydroelectric regulation of Peace River ﬂ ow. Natural deltaic processes and climate are acknowledged as additional, lesser contributors, but are challenging to evaluate. We use sediment records spanning ∼ 115 years from nine perched basins across the Athabasca Delta to test if unidirectional drying coincides with river regulation. Results show bi-directional hydrological changes since the early 1980s, not 1968, to reduced ﬂ ooding in areas east of the Embarras River con ﬂ uence with Cree / Mamawi creeks and increased ﬂ ooding northward along the Cree / Mamawi distributary. The timing and pattern pinpoint the 1982 Embarras Breakthrough, a natural avulsion that diverted ﬂ ow northward and away from the Athabasca Delta terminus, as the principal cause. The results demonstrate the need to factor natural deltaic processes into impending decisions on the delta ’ s UNESCO World Heritage status and implementation of
Preliminary Investigation Into Providing International Experience Through Studying Abroad For Engineering Technology Students

A preliminary investigation is currently ongoing to provide international experience for engineering technology students at Indiana University Purdue University Fort Wayne (IPFW). This would consist of a small group of students from the Electrical and Computer Engineering Technology Department (ECET) teaming up with a similar group of students from University of Kuala Lumpur (UKL) in Malaysia. These student groups will work on a joint design project in a classroom setting. The current plan, anticipated for the summer of 2005, will have students from IPFW going to UKL for a six week period of study and cultural exchange. While in Malaysia, the students will be staying in the UKL dormitories. The advantage of such a program is to provide students the diversity of working on a one-on-one international project. This intense plan of study will provide students exposure of what to expect after graduation when working in a global market. Completion of the technological project will be the focus of the program. A second focus will be on the dynamics of working in a small group involving diverse members. This paper provides the preliminary investigation of challenges and achievements involved in introducing such a technology based study-abroad program.
Research on Seamless Switching Control Strategy Based on Virtual Synchronous Generator

This paper studies the voltage, phase and current tracking strategy to eliminate voltage and current mutations when the virtual synchronous generator is switching between grid-connected and islanded. By using these strategies the inverter can realize secondary frequency regulation and voltage regulation. If the phase is near 0 or 2π a little disturbance may made the PLL output a big error, so a new PLL is proposed by this paper. A sine module is added in the PLL to avoid this error. In order to verify the strategy proposed by this paper a simulation model is built in Matlab/Simulink. The simulation results show that the control strategy can realize seamless switching.
Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy ( Review )

Результаты международных исследований указывают на ежегодный рост частоты и актуальности сепсиса в реанимационных отделениях. Одним из наиболее ранних признаков, а также частым осложнением сепсиса является дисфункция мозга или так называемая сепсис-ассоциированная энцефалопатия (SAE). До 70% больных с сепсисом имеют симптомы энцефалопатии [1, 2]. Особое беспокойство вызывает факт прямой связи SAE с повышенной летальностью, а среди выживших после сепсиса более половины имеют длительные когнитивные расстройства, нарушения памяти и концентрации внимания [3—5]. Диагностика дисфункции мозга при сепсисе часто затруднена из-за отсутствия специфических биомаркеров, а также в связи с частым применением седативных препаратов у критических больных. Клинические проявления SAE разнообразны, могут варьировать от простого недомогания и недостатка концентрации внимания до глубокой комы. В литературе обсуждаются предполагаемые механизмы формирования и развития септической энцефалопатии, такие как окислительный стресс, воспаление, митохондриальная и эндотелиальная дисфункция, увеличение проницаемости гематоэнцефалического барьера, нарушения макрои микроциркуляции, изменение нейротрансмиссии, активация микроглии. Отсутствие четких данных и единого мнения о происхождении и механизмах SAE в настоящее время не позволяет прогнозировать ее развитие и проводить специальную терапию. В обзоре обсуждаются современные представления о причинах развития септической энцефалопатии, методах диагностики, рассмотрены основные клинические проявления, ключевые медиаторы, патофизиологические механизмы. Предложена гипотеза о роли ароматических микробных метаболитов (АММ) фенольной и индольной природы — продуктов бактериальной биодеградации тирозина и триптофана — в развитии дисфункции мозга, намечены направления поисковых исследований, открывающие перспективы в диагностике и новые подходы в лечении SAE.
Méthode de caractérisation électromagnétique large bande des métamatériaux

The design of new types of metamaterials and the development of applications require good knowledge of their electromagnetic properties. Many characterization methods have been proposed to find the permittivity and permeability but due to the particular structure of these materials some key considerations must be taken into account. In this work an "in-situ" method for obtaining the complex parameters is presented. The measurement cell consists in a stripline which produces the adequate conditions identified for the characterization of this type of structures. The advantages of using this cell, its electromagnetic analysis and some experimental and simulated results are presented.